bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2. French Retrospect
Authors: McDowall J. G.
Published: February 2018

This paper contains not only an account of some of the Dutch asylums, but a short résumé of the system of management and inspection. Their condition and arrangements appear to be good, and are very favourably spoken of by Dr. Billod. None of his remarks, however, call for special notice here, except one, which is an amusing commentary on the opinions of those who see in Gheel and similar colonies the perfection of asylum treatment. When at the Utrecht Asylum he saw two private patients who had escaped from Gheel in order to return to Utrecht, where they had formerly been under treatment.
The True Theory of Induction
Authors: Davies Rev. W. G.
Published: February 2018

Having thus pointed out the difference between the singular and the general relative to the Law of Similarity, we may understand with greater clearness how Induction, though coming in common with every other mental process under this same law, nevertheless at the outset, namely, in the whole of comprehension, is never concerned with the comparison of similars, that is, two or more individual chains of identity, and cannot therefore, in its origin, be generalization from experience.
Reflex Speech
Authors: Robertson George M.
Published: February 2018

This subject will be best studied by first considering the evolution of reflex action on the lines laid down by Herbert Spencer.* Reflex action is first displayed in its crudest form in the contraction which occurs when the amoeba is touched, but not till there is a differentiation between the tissue which conducts and the tissue which responds to a stimulus, can reflex action be said to be thoroughly developed.
Case of Secondary Carcinoma of the Brain, simulating General Paralysis of the Insane (with plate)
Authors: Smith R. Percy
Published: February 2018

C. M. F., æt. 40, wife of an artist; had one child, aged six years. Admitted into Bethlem Hospital March 31st, 1887.
General Paralysis in Twins
Authors: Clouston Dr. , Savage. Dr.
Published: February 2018

Several interesting examples of the insanity of twins have been recorded in this Journal. No instance, however, has been published in any journal of insanity as occurring under this condition, in the form of general paralysis. The first case is reported by Dr. Clouston, from whom we have received the following notes; the second case was that of a patient in Bethlem Hospital, under the care of Dr. Savage.
The Principles of the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Erlenmeyer Albrecht
Published: February 2018

The principles consist in a careful investigation of each epileptic case and treatment, not general, but individual. Dr. Erlenmeyer makes the complaint, probably with justice, that cases of epilepsy are far too frequently treated in a rule-of-thumb manner, and scarcely at all investigated. He then proceeds to describe how a case should be examined (the details are somewhat alarming, it must be confessed), and subsequently describes the many varieties of epilepsy, including Jacksonian. On p. 13 we find one cause given which sounds theoretical, “commotio cerebri.” In the investigation of causes he insists that the history should be most carefully taken; and under the head of injury should include even a simple box on the ear! We would suggest that so careful a history will scarcely ever fail to discover some cause, right or wrong. A case of epilepsy cured by trepanning, which operation was done at the author's insistence, is included in the text of some remarks at the end of the brochure.
The Psychological Examination of Prisoners
Authors: Morel Jules
Published: February 2018

I think it is a general rule in all well-organized prisons, that, periodically, the staff holds meetings to take decisions upon the measures to be taken concerning the prisoners whose conduct is not, or has not been, following the regulation of the house.
Sensations of Cephalic Pressure and Heaviness. Carebaria, Pesanteur de tête. Kopfdruck
Authors: Campbell Harry
Published: February 2018

Among the many abnormal cephalic sensations the following constitute an important group:—
The Payment of Asylum Patients for their Work
Authors: Mercier Charles
Published: February 2018

It is unnecessary to expatiate to this Association upon the extreme desirability of inducing the patients in asylums to employ themselves usefully, nor is it needful to dwell at length upon the extreme difficulty that is often experienced in so inducing them. It may be taken as a fact that many inmates of asylums who are able to work are unwilling to do so, and, if we listen to their explanation, the unwillingness is not altogether unreasonable. “I was placed here,” such a patient will say, “against my will. I did not come of my own accord. I am under no obligation to facilitate the plans of those who put me here, nor of those who keep me here. My refusal to work is a protest against the deprivation of my liberty. If I have to engage in the work of the asylum I should, in the first place, forego my protest, and to that extent admit the justice of my incarceration; and in the second place, by making myself useful to the authorities, I should give them a positive interest in detaining me here all the longer. Besides, why should I give the benefit of my skill and experience free, gratis, and for nothing to those to whom I am, to say the least, under no obligation? The labourer is worthy of his hire. Before I came here I worked hard and long. I had no objection then to work, and why? I tasted the reward of my labour. I was paid for what I did, and the more I worked the more payment I received. Pay me here for my labour, and I am willing to work for you.”
A Visit to the Lunatic Hospital at Granada
Authors: Robertson C. Lockhart
Published: February 2018

The Hospital de los Locos at Granada is the oldest lunatic
asylum in Europe, having been founded by Ferdinand and Isabella shortly
after the conquest in 1492. It was therefore opened some fifty years before
the first Bethlehem Hospital, which stood in the present Bethlem Court, off
Bishopsgate Street. It has apparently been carried on these two hundred and
fifty years without any alteration in the original structure or any advance
on the method of the original treatment. I induced to visit it last April,
from a notice of it in Ford's Handbook. “At the corner of
the Plaza del Triunfo (he writes) is the Hospital
de los Locos, founded by Ferdinand and Isabella, and one of the
earliest of all lunatic asylums. It is built in the transition style, from
the Gothic to the Picturesque, having been finished by Charles V. The
initials and badges of all parties are blended. Observe the
patio and light lofty pillars. The filth and want of
management of the interior is scandalous, and yet this is one of the lions
which Granadians almost force an Englishman to visit; possibly from thinking
all of us Locos, they imagine that the stranger will be
quite at home among the inmates.” The asylum is a two storey square
building, with enclosed courts, which form the patients' airing courts. They
are of small extent, and excluded from all view by the buildings, which,
however, shade from the sun. In one of the courts I noticed a large summer
house, over which a vine was trained. The dormitories contained twenty-five
beds each, and were large and well ventilated. Single rooms opened off them,
with rather unpleasant arrangements (to English ideas) for night stools; but
then all these arrangements in the best hotels in Spain are nasty to a
degree, and at the railway stations, if possible, worse. What a boon the
earth closet system would confer on travellers in Spain! The patients, about
250 in number, were on the whole quiet and orderly in their conduct, and
fairly clothed and tolerably clean, when contrasted with the population at
large. So quiet was the whole system that I did not hear one sound in all my
visit, but then the Spanish people are a quiet, phlegmatic race, patient of
suffering, and who stupify themselves with the constant and excessive use of
tobacco. I saw one man in permanent restraint, with formidable leg locks and
chains, but he could walk freely, and had the use of his arms. There was, I
was told, no straight jacket in use at the time of my visit, but I was shewn
a strong implement of the sort, with a lot of leather and straps about it,
and which was said to be frequently required.
Aphasia or Loss of Speech in Cerebral Disease
Authors: Bateman Frederic
Published: February 2018

Having in my last paper noticed the different forms in which loss or lesion of the Faculty of Articulate Language is met with by the clinical observer, I now propose to consider the various causes which give rise to this morbid symptom.
Emanuel Swedenborg
Authors: Maudsley Henry
Published: February 2018

Few are the readers, and we cannot boast to be of those few, who have been at the pains to toil through the many and voluminous writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Indeed, it would not be far from the truth to say that there are very few persons who have thought it worth their while to study him at all seriously; he is commonly accounted a madman, who has had the singular fortune to persuade certain credulous persons that he was a seer. Nevertheless, whether lunatic or prophet, his character and his writings merit a serious and unbiased study. Madness, which makes its mark upon the world, and counts in its train many presumably sane people who see in it the highest wisdom, cannot justly be put aside contemptuously as undeserving a moment's grave thought. After all, there is no accident in madness; causality, not casualty, governs its appearance in the universe; and it is very far from being a good and sufficient practice to simply mark its phenomena, and straightway to pass on as if they belonged, not to an order, but to a disorder of events that called for no explanation. It is certain that there is in Swedenborg's revelations of the spiritual world a mass of absurdities sufficient to warrant the worst suspicions of his mental sanity; but, at the same time, it is not less certain that there are scattered in his writings conceptions of the highest philosophic reach, while throughout them is sensible an exalted tone of calm moral feeling which rises in many places to a real moral grandeur. These are the qualities which have gained him his best disciples, and they are qualites too uncommon in the world to be lightly despised, in whatever company they may be exhibited. I proceed then to give some account of Swedenborg, not purposing to make any review of his multitudinous publications, or any criticism of the doctrines announced in them with a matchless self-sufficiency; the immediate design being rather to present, by the help mainly of Mr. White's book, a sketch of the life and character of the man, and thus to obtain, and to endeavour to convey, some definite notion of what he was, what he did, and what should be concluded of him.*
Observations on the causes of death in Chronic cases of Insanity
Authors: Boyd R.
Published: February 2018

As the necessity of providing accommodation for chronic cases of insanity in lunatic asylums, as well as for the aged and infirm, or chronic, cases in workhouses, is becoming more and more urgent, and is engrossing the attention of those concerned in the relief of the poor at the present time, it occurred to me, that enquiry into the causes of death amongst chronic cases of the insane might be a very fit subject to bring before the members of this association.
Remarks on the use of the Bromides in the treatment of Epilepsy and other Neuroses
Authors: Kesteven W. B.
Published: February 2018

I do not pretend to have anything original to bring under your notice; but, solely with the desire of contributing toward the attainment of precision in the employment of remedies, I venture to ask the attention of the Society for a short space of time to a few remarks upon the use of the Bromides in certain of the Neuroses.
The Perceptive Centres and their Localisation
Authors: Davies Rev. W. G.
Published: February 2018

The cerebral anatomist, if destitute of any leading idea as to what he should be searching for, must be labouring under considerable disadvantage when he examines the intimate structure of the brain; and since the study of his choice must, from its peculiar intricacy, demand his best attention, he cannot be expected to be as profound in his pyschology as he is in his anatomy. “It is interesting to remark,” says Wagner, “that wherever an insight into the nature of the functions performed by an organ has been wanting, there has the structure also remained more or less obscure; we feel the want of everything like a guiding principle in the anatomical inquiry; of this truth we have satisfactory assurance in the cases of the thyroid, thymus, and supra-renal bodies and spleen.”* Then, as regards the pyschologist proper, if he devotes his days and nights to the analysis of the mind's conscious and expressed operations, it is not in human nature that he should be a professed and original anatomist as well. Indeed, division of labour is more necessary, perhaps, in this obscure field of research than in any other. Now, it is as a pyschologist who, in the interest of truth, has deemed it his duty to explain mental phenomena in such a way as to be in harmony with the ascertained structure of the brain, that the writer offers the following remarks, hoping that they may not be unserviceable to the cerebral anatomist.
On the Alleged Increase in Lunacy
Authors: MacCabe Frederick
Published: February 2018

Dr. Lockhart Robertson, in the April number of the “Journal of Mental Science,” raises the very interesting question whether the increase of late years in the registered number of the Insane in England and Wales represents an increase, real, or apparent only, in the amount of insanity amongst the population at large. After a laborious collection and study of the statistics relating to insanity, Dr. Robertson arrives at the conclusion that the increase is apparent rather than real—in other words, that the number of registered lunatics has largely increased, but that the amount of insanity amongst the population at large evidences a decline, particularly of late years. As a contribution to the study of this question, I venture to offer a few statistics referring to the insane population in the District of the County and City of Waterford.
Reply to the three questions of the Committee of the English Medico-Psychological Association as to the reforms to be introduced into the examination of the Insane in Courts of Justice
Authors: de Boismont Brierre
Published: February 2018

First Argument of the Committee.—On the mistake of those who think that the persistence of the reasoning power, the knowledge of good and evil, and of right and wrong in the insane, involves their responsibility for their criminal acts.
Feigned Insanity; with Cases
Authors: Nicolson David
Published: February 2018

When we find, as recorded in the book of Samuel, that the great Psalmist resorted to imposture and “feigned himself mad and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard;” we cannot be surprised if minds less gifted should, for whatever purpose, assume the character of a madman. The beautiful conceptions of Shakespeare unfold to us in its highest fulness the rôle to be sustained by the player who is “but mad in craft.” We are told how Hamlet:—

Repulsed,Fell into a sadness; then into a fast;Thence to a watch; thence into a weakness;Thence to a lightness, and by this declension,Into the madness wherein now he raves,And all we mourn for,

and how Edgar, amid all his witless jabbering, himself exclaims aside :—

My tears begin to take his part so much, they'll mar my counterfeiting.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment After High-Deductible Insurance Enrollment
Authors: Wharam J. Frank , Zhang Fang , Lu Christine Y. , Wagner Anita K. , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Earle Craig C. , Soumerai Stephen B. , Ross-Degnan Dennis
Published: February 2018

Purpose

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) require substantial out-of-pocket spending and might delay crucial health services. Breast cancer treatment delays of as little as 2 months are associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods

We used a controlled prepost design with survival analysis to assess timing of breast cancer care events among 273,499 women age 25 to 64 years without evidence of breast cancer before inclusion. Women were included if continuously enrolled for 1 year in a low-deductible ($0 to $500) plan followed by up to 4 years in a HDHP (at least $1,000 deductible) after an employer-mandated switch. Study inclusion was on a rolling basis, and members were followed between 2003 and 2012. The comparison group comprised 2.4 million contemporaneously matched women whose employers offered only low-deductible plans. Measures were times to first diagnostic breast imaging (diagnostic mammogram, breast ultrasound, or breast magnetic resonance imaging), breast biopsy, incident early-stage breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer chemotherapy. Outcomes were analyzed by using Cox models and adjusted for age-group, morbidity score, poverty level, US region, index date, and employer size.

Results

After the index date, HDHP members experienced delays in receipt of diagnostic imaging (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.96), biopsy (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.95), early-stage breast cancer diagnosis (aHR, 0.83; 0.78 to 0.90), and chemotherapy initiation (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.86) compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Women switched to HDHPs experienced delays in diagnostic breast imaging, breast biopsy, early-stage breast cancer diagnosis, and chemotherapy initiation. Additional research should determine whether such delays cause adverse health outcomes, and policymakers should consider selectively reducing out-of-pocket costs for key breast cancer services.
Just Starting Out: Learning and Equilibrium in a New Market
Authors: Doraszelski Ulrich , Lewis Gregory , Pakes Ariel
Published: February 2018

We document the evolution of the new market for frequency response within the UK electricity system over a six-year period. Firms competed in price while facing considerable initial uncertainty about demand and rival behavior. We show that prices stabilized over time, converging to a rest point that is consistent with equilibrium play. We draw on models of fictitious play and adaptive learning to analyze how this convergence occurs and show that these models predict behavior better than an equilibrium model prior to convergence. (JEL D22, D83, L13, L94, L98)
The first 3D printed multiple sclerosis brain: Towards a 3D era in medicine
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha , Pietila Todd
Published: February 2018

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies depict disease of the human brain in 2D but the reconstruction of a patient’s brain stricken with multiple sclerosis (MS) in 3D using 2D images has not been attempted. 

Using 3D reconstruction algorithms, we built a 3D printed patient-specific brain model to scale. It is a first of its kind model that depicts the total white matter lesion (WML) load using T2 FLAIR images in an MS patient. The patient’s images in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were imported into Mimics inPrint 2.0 (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) a dedicated medical image processing software designed for the purposes of image segmentation and 3D modeling.  The imported axial images were automatically formatted to display coronal and sagittal slices within the software. The imaging data were then segmented into regions and surface rendering was done to achieve 3D virtual printable files of the desired structures of interest.

Rendering brain tumor(s) in 3D has been attempted with the specific intent of extending the options available to a surgeon but no study to our knowledge has attempted to quantify brain disease in MS that has, for all practical purposes, no surgical options. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate that 3D depiction of chronic neurological diseases is possible in a printable model while serving a fundamental need for patient education. Medical teaching is moored in 2D graphics and it is time to evolve into 3D models that can be life-like and deliver instant impact.
Developments in diffusion MRI and tractography to study language network alterations following very preterm birth
Authors: Salvan Piergiorgio , Nosarti Chiara
Published: February 2018

Language is key for human interactions and relies on a well-known set of brain cortical areas linked by large-scale white-matter fasciculi. However, very little is known about the ontogeny of the language network, how it is affected by very preterm birth, or how structural connectivity profiles observable before language acquisition may predispose distinct computational mechanisms associated with later language processing. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and tractography are allowing researchers to provide novel, insightful understanding of the human language brain network through in vivo non-invasive investigations across the whole lifespan. Here, we propose a commentary on a series of papers which aimed to summarise the latest technological advances in neuroimaging research in order to provide future directions to study language development following very preterm birth.
Successful CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homologous recombination in a chicken cell line
Authors: Antonova Ekaterina , Glazova Olga , Gaponova Anna , Eremyan Aykaz , Zvereva Svetlana , Grebenkina Natalya , Volkova Natalya , Volchkov Pavel
Published: February 2018

Background: CRISPR/Cas9 system is becoming the dominant genome editing tool in a variety of organisms. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock out has been demonstrated both in chicken cell lines and in chicken germ cells that served to generate genetically modified birds. However, there is limited data about CRISPR/Cas9 dependent homology directed repair (HDR) for avian, even in cell culture. Few attempts have been made with integrations in safe harbor loci of chicken genome that induces constitutive expression of the inserted gene. Gene expression under an endogenous promoter would be more valuable than under a constitutive exogenous promoter, as it allows the gene expression to be tissue-specific.

Methods: Three gRNAs were chosen to target chicken 3’-untranslated region of GAPDH gene. Cas9-mediated activity in the targeted locus for the gRNAs in DF-1 cells was estimated by T7E1 assay. To edit the locus, the HDR cassette was added along with CRISPR/Cas9. The inserted sequence contained eGFP in frame with a GAPDH coding sequence via P2A and Neomycin resistance gene (neoR) under cytomegalovirus promoter. Correct integration of the cassette was confirmed with fluorescent microscopy, PCR analysis and sequencing. Enrichment of modified cells was done by G418 selection. Efficiency of integration was assessed with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).

Results: We have established a CRISPR/Cas9 system to target an endogenous locus and precisely insert a gene under endogenous control. In our system, we used positive and negative selection to enrich modified cells and remove cells with undesirable insertions. The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR was increased up to 90% via G418 enrichment. We have successfully inserted eGFP under control of the chicken GAPDH promoter.

Conclusions: The approach can be used further to insert genes of interest under control of tissue-specific promoters in primordial germ cells in order to produce genetically modified birds with useful for biotechnological purposes features.
Unite to divide: Oligomerization of tubulin and actin homologs regulates initiation of bacterial cell division
Authors: Krupka Marcin , Margolin William
Published: February 2018

To generate two cells from one, bacteria such asEscherichia coliuse a complex of membrane-embedded proteins called the divisome that synthesize the division septum. The initial stage of cytokinesis requires a tubulin homolog, FtsZ, which forms polymers that treadmill around the cell circumference. The attachment of these polymers to the cytoplasmic membrane requires an actin homolog, FtsA, which also forms dynamic polymers that directly bind to FtsZ. Recent evidence indicates that FtsA and FtsZ regulate each other’s oligomeric state inE. colito control the progression of cytokinesis, including the recruitment of septum synthesis proteins. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of protein-protein association between FtsZ and FtsA in the initial stages of divisome function, mainly in the well-characterizedE. colisystem.
A new environmental monitoring system for silkworm incubators
Authors: Duque-Torres Alejandra , Rodriguez-Pabon Carlos , Ruiz-Rosero Juan , Zambrano-Gonzalez Giselle , Almanza-Pinzon Martha , Caicedo Rendon Oscar Mauricio , Ramirez-Gonzalez Gustavo
Published: February 2018

Silk is known as the queen of textiles due to its softness, durability, and luster. This textile is obtained from cocoons spun by larvae known as the silkworm. The combined effect of both temperature and humidity, determines the satisfactory growth of the silkworms and the production of good quality cocoons. For that rea- son, we propose a new prototype for silkworm incubators that monitors environmental conditions, created with Raspberry Pi due to its capabilities, features, and low cost. The prototype monitors the temperature, humidity, and luminosity in a silkworm incubator. The monitoring data are collected and saved on file hosting service, Google Drive, for subsequent analysis. Preliminary tests were gathered using the silkworm incubator of University of Cauca, Colombia.
Revised World Health Organization (WHO)’s causality assessment of adverse events following immunization—a critique
Authors: Puliyel Jacob , Naik Pathik
Published: February 2018

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently revised how adverse events after immunization (AEFI) are classified. Only reactions that have previously been acknowledged in epidemiological studies to be caused by the vaccine, are classified as a vaccine-product–related-reaction. Deaths observed during post-marketing surveillance are not considered as “consistent with causal association with vaccine”, if there was no statistically significant increase in deaths recorded during the small Phase 3 trials that preceded it. Of course, vaccines that caused deaths in the control-trials stage would not be licensed. After licensure, deaths and all new serious adverse reactions are labelled as ‘coincidental deaths’ or ‘unclassifiable’, and the association with vaccine is not acknowledged. The resulting paradox is evident.

The definition of causal association has also been changed. It is now used only if there is “no other factor intervening in the processes.” Therefore, if a child with an underlying congenital heart disease (other factor), develops fever and cardiac decompensation after vaccination, the cardiac failure would not be considered causally related to the vaccine. The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety has documented many deaths in children with pre-existing heart disease after they were administered the Pentavalent vaccine. The WHO now advises precautions when vaccinating such children and this has reduced the risk of death. Using the new definition of causal association, this relationship would not be acknowledged and lives would be put at risk. In view of the above, it is necessary that the AEFI manual be revaluated and revised urgently. AEFI reporting is said to be for vaccine safety. Child safety (safety of children) rather than vaccine safety (safety for vaccines) needs to be the emphasis.
When are Oral Antibiotics a Safe and Effective Choice for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections? An Evidence‐Based Narrative Review
Authors: Hale Andrew J. , Snyder Graham M. , Ahern John W. , Eliopoulos George , Ricotta Daniel N. , Alston W. Kemper
Published: February 2018

Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Traditionally, BSIs have been managed with intravenous antimicrobials. However, whether intravenous antimicrobials are necessary for the entirety of the treatment course in BSIs, especially for uncomplicated episodes, is a more controversial matter. Patients that are clinically stable, without signs of shock, or have been stabilized after an initial septic presentation, may be appropriate candidates for treatment of BSIs with oral antimicrobials. There are risks and costs associated with extended courses of intravenous agents, such as the necessity for long‐term intravenous catheters, which entail risks for procedural complications, secondary infections, and thrombosis. Oral antimicrobial therapy for bacterial BSIs offers several potential benefits. When selected appropriately, oral antibiotics offer lower cost, fewer side effects, promote antimicrobial stewardship, and are easier for patients. The decision to use oral versus intravenous antibiotics must consider the characteristics of the pathogen, the patient, and the drug. In this narrative review, the authors highlight areas where oral therapy is a safe and effective choice to treat bloodstream infection, and offer guidance and cautions to clinicians managing patients experiencing BSI.
Innovation in assessment: Building student confidence in preparation for unfamiliar assessment methods
Authors: Spendlove Zoey , Best Rachel
Published: February 2018

Innovative assessment methods in which students are active participants promote deeper learning. At the University of Nottingham, a group debate and a ‘webfolio’ were implemented as methods of assessment in the 2015 undergraduate midwifery curriculum, and were evaluated by students. Thematic analysis of the evaluations showed that students enjoyed undertaking innovative methods of assessment, and that they developed confidence and engaged meaningfully with the content to be assessed. Students also commented that they developed multiple skills required for future professional practice as a midwife. However, thorough preparation of students to undertake an innovative method of assessment is vital in fostering student confidence.
Profil dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Masalah Perilaku pada Remaja di Kota Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Pademme Dirgantari , Sutomo Retno , Lusmilasari Lely
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang. Remaja dengan masalah perilaku memiliki kecenderungan melakukan perbuatan merusak atau merugikan bagi dirinya dan orang lain. Faktor terkait dengan masalah perilaku di antaranya jenis kelamin, usia, kedekatan dengan orang tua (hubungan dengan orang tua), keterlibatan orang tua dengan anak yang kurang dan pendidikan orang tua. Tujuan. Mengetahui profil dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan masalah perilaku pada remaja di Kota Sorong Papua BaratMetode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2017. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 566 orang siswa/i kelas X yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah strength and difficulties questionairre (SDQ), Brief family relationship scale (BFRS) dan kuesioner demografi. Analisis data bivariat dengan chi-square dan analisis multivariat regresi logistik.Hasil. Masalah perilaku pada aspek hubungan dengan teman sebaya abnormal 38,87%, aspek emosional abnormal 25,80%, conduct problems abnormal 24,38%, hiperaktivitas abnormal 9,72%, dan prososial abnormal 2,83%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa hanya keeratan hubungan antara orang tua dengan anak yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan masalah perilaku keseluruhan, p=0,001 (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan ayah, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan jumlah saudara dengan masalah perilaku keseluruhan (p>0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa keeratan hubungan antara orang tua dengan anak yang berhubungan dengan masalah perilaku remaja di Kota Sorong (OR=2,67, CI95% 1,71-4,16, R2=0,03%).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan keeratan antara orang tua dan anak dengan masalah perilaku remaja di Kota Sorong.
Perbedaan Kadar Thyroid Stimulating Hormone dan Free Thyroxine pada Pasien Talasemia Β-Mayor dengan Kelasi Besi Deferasirox dan Deferiprone
Authors: Krisbiyantoro Aries - , Salimo Harsono , Moelyo Annang Giri
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang. Talasemia β Mayor merupakan kelainan herediter yang disebabkan gangguan produksi rantai globin. Transfusi rutin menyebabkan kelebihan besi yang tertimbun dalam jaringan sehingga menyebabkan kardiomiopati, gangguan liver, dan komplikasi endokrin. Tiroid merupakan kelenjar endokrin yang berperan penting bagi anak. Pengendapan besi di kelenjar tiroid dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi tiroid. Pemberian kelasi besi deferiprone dan deferasirox dan pengaruhnya pada kadar TSH dan FT4 perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut.Tujuan. Menganalisis perbedaan kadar TSH dan FT4 pada pasien anak dengan talasemia β mayor menggunakan kelasi besi deferiprone dan deferasirox Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional) terhadap 43 pasien talasemia β mayor anak berusia 9-18 tahun pada bulan April sampai Juni 2017. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Data di analisis dengan SPSS 20 mengunakan uji t independen dan uji man whitney.Hasil. Rerata usia pasien 12,5+3,12 tahun. Rerata kadar TSH kelompok deferiprone dan deferasirox adalah 3.051,78 IU/ml dan 2.351,29 IU/ml. Sedangkan rerata kadar FT4 untuk kelompok deferiprone dan deferasirox 15.424,12 mmol/l dan 15.822,75 IU/ml. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TSH dan FT4 pada kelompok yang mendapatkan deferasirox dan deferiprone berturut-turut nilai TSH (p=0,148; p>0,05) dan FT4 (p=0,836; p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TSH dan FT4 pada pasien talasemia beta mayor yang mendapatkan kelasi deferasirox maupun deferiprone.
Historia y memoria: un mismo combate. Aportaciones epistemológicas de Historia a Debate a las controversias acerca de la memoria histórica
Authors: Velasco Mesa Custodio
Published: February 2018

La memoria de las víctimas de acontecimientos violentos del pasado es, por distintas razones, fuente persistente de controversias. Más allá de las estrictamente académicas en torno a la incorporación (o no) de la memoria en la historia, se hallan -integradas en las académicas- las polémicas de alcance político, social y ético ligadas a los efectos que la memoria tiene en la historia: una disciplina ampliamente utilizada como instrumento para construir cohesiones en torno al poder establecido. La memoria es, conforme a ello, objeto de polémica por sus consecuencias en la deconstrucción de relatos hegemónicos del pasado. No en vano, la memoria de esas víctimas constituye una reivindicación social para una parte de la ciudadanía que reclama justicia, reparación y verdad en relación a hechos omitidos o tergiversados por las narrativas hegemónicas. Y no en vano, la eclosión internacional de movimientos memorialistas desde fines del siglo XX se inscribe en el proceso de empoderamiento político de la ciudadanía ante el desarrollo de democracias incompletas. La plataforma Historia a Debate no ha sido ajena ni a las controversias historiográficas al respecto, ni a las reclamaciones de los movimientos memorialistas. En este artículo se ponen de relieve y exploran sus aportaciones epistemológicas a esas polémicas. Y ello, destacando dos grandes propuestas que también son reivindicaciones: la incorporación de los testimonios de las víctimas en la búsqueda de la verdad histórica y el compromiso del historiador con la defensa de los derechos humanos.
Sutureless versus Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement: Outcomes in 70 High-Risk Patients Undergoing Concomitant Cardiac Procedures
Authors: Hanedan Muhammet Onur , Yuruk Mehmet Ali , Parlar Ali Ihsan , Ziyrek Ugur , Arslan Ali Kemal , Sayar Ufuk , Mataraci Ilker
Published: February 2018

In elderly, high-risk surgical patients, sutureless aortic valve replacement (AVR) can often be an alternative to conventional AVR; shorter aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times are the chief advantages. We compared the outcomes of sutureless AVR with those of conventional AVR in 70 elderly patients who underwent concomitant cardiac surgical procedures.

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 42 men and 28 women (mean age, 70.4 ± 10.3 yr; range, 34–93 yr) who underwent cardiac operations plus AVR with either a sutureless valve (group 1, n=38) or a conventional bioprosthetic or mechanical valve (group 2, n=32). Baseline patient characteristics were similar except for worse New York Heart Association functional status and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in group 1.

In group 1, the operative, cross-clamp, and cardiopulmonary bypass times were shorter (all P=0.001), postoperative drainage amounts were lower (P=0.009), hospital stays were shorter (P=0.004), and less red blood cell transfusion was needed (P=0.037). Echocardiograms before patients' discharge from the hospital showed lower peak and mean aortic gradients in group 1 (mean transvalvular gradient, 8.4 ± 2.8 vs 12.2 ± 5.2 mmHg; P=0.012).

We found that elderly, high-risk patients who underwent multiple cardiac surgical procedures and sutureless AVR had better hemodynamic outcomes and shorter ischemic times than did patients who underwent conventional AVR.
Effects of Older Donor Age and Cold Ischemic Time on Long-Term Outcomes of Heart Transplantation
Authors: Reich Heidi J. , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Aintablian Tamar , Ramzy Danny , Kittleson Michelle M. , Esmailian Fardad
Published: February 2018

Using older donor hearts in cardiac transplantation may lead to inferior outcomes: older donors have more comorbidities that reduce graft quality, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Shorter cold ischemic times might overcome the detrimental effect of older donor age. We examined the relationship between donor allograft age and cold ischemic time on the long-term outcomes of heart transplant recipients.

rom 1994 through 2010, surgeons at our hospital performed 745 heart transplantations. We retrospectively classified these cases by donor ages of <50 years (younger) and ≥50 years (older), then by cold ischemic times of <120 min (short), 120 to 240 min (intermediate), and >240 min (long). Endpoints included recipient and graft survival, and freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy, nonfatal major adverse cardiac events, and rejection.

For intermediate ischemic times, the 5-year recipient survival rate was lower when donors were older (70% vs 82.6%; P=0.02). This was also true for long ischemic times (69.8% vs 87.6%; P=0.09). For short ischemic times, we found no difference in 5-year recipient or graft survival rates (80% older vs 85.6% younger; P=0.79), in freedom from nonfatal major adverse cardiac events (83.3% vs 91.5%; P=0.46), or in freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (50% vs 70.6%; P=0.66). Rejection rates were mostly similar.

Long-term graft survival in heart transplantation patients with older donor allografts may improve when cold ischemic times are shorter.
Longitudinal Deformation of Distal Edge in a New-Generation Stent Caused by Guidewire Entrapment
Authors: Taleb Adam , Parikh Gaurav , Kakouros Nikolaos
Published: February 2018

Longitudinal stent deformation, described in some older stent geometries, prompted design modifications such as reinforcing struts on the proximal end. However, distal edges of stents—also subject to longitudinal force—have not been reinforced. We report a case of guidewire entrapment that deformed the distal edge of a new-generation stent during percutaneous coronary intervention, and we describe our efforts to restore the stent to its initial length. This case highlights the risk of manipulating equipment beyond the position of a newly deployed stent, the ongoing potential for deformation of distal edges in newer stent platforms, and the advisability of treating distal lesions before proximal ones.
Sounds of Democracy: Performance, Protest, and Political Subjectivity
Authors: Kunreuther Laura
Published: February 2018

This article asks a deceptively simple question: what does democracy sound like? Democracy is commonly associated with various forms of voicing—political speeches, shouting protesters, filibusters in the halls Congress, or heated debates in teashops, salons, and newspapers around the world. Voice thus often functions as a metaphor for political participation and representation. Political metaphors of voice are usually disembodied, and are rarely invoked in reference to the other forms for political utterance, sound, or even noise that make up the many practices of participatory democracy. In such contexts, the notion of voice depends not on a single speaker but on a mass collectivity to make any message heard. The South Asian term āwāj refers explicitly to both the sonic and metaphorical meanings of voice, which this article uses to provincialize more commonly used global metaphors of voice. I consider what democracy sounds like by following the pathways of āwāj through two examples of participatory democracy on the streets of Kathmandu: a performance art piece and a political protest called Occupy Baluwatar. Āwāj and the sonic motifs I explore in these performances offer a conceptual rubric for breaking open the discourse of voice used in global human-rights organizations, humanitarian discourse, and liberal understandings of the public sphere, bringing forward a political subjectivity based on both intention and affect in a transmission of sound that is at once mass-mediated and acutely embodied.
Unruly Affects: Attempts at Control and All That Escapes from an American Mental Health Court
Authors: Cooper Jessica
Published: February 2018

Based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork in mental health courts in the San Francisco Bay Area, this article juxtaposes the fixity that defines the legal concept of jurisdiction with the itineracy of homeless individuals judged by criminal courts. I assert that jurisdiction is an attempt at control: by invoking jurisdiction, courts attempt to fix people and objects within time and space so as to yield a narrative of liberal accountability for which defendants can be held responsible. Rather than assume the vantage point of the law, I stick with Harriet, a person who was homeless and subject to a mental health court’s attempt at control. Moving away from the law exposes when state attempts at control fail. Claims to jurisdiction reflect the state’s reliance on control through a particular chronotope of linear time and divisible space. In differently configuring time and space as cyclical and unbounded, Harriet confounds the law’s attempt at control. Further, the state’s invocation of jurisdiction as a concept that fixes time and space produces unruly affects, or coordinates of relation that escape a rule of law presenting itself as rational. Harriet’s relationships with others reflect and enable her escape from state control: they inhabit an affective atmosphere that is produced by the law’s own chronotopic terms, but that reject the individual accountability that the law understands as a product of claims to jurisdiction. In paying attention to missed encounters between Harriet and the court, this article reveals and theorizes moments in which power escapes its own terms and enters a social, deindividuated, affective sphere.
Energiewende im Unternehmen
Authors: Blazejewski Susanne , Herbes Carsten
Published: February 2018

Die Energiewende in den Unternehmen wird bestimmt von gesetzlichen Vorgaben, vom „Business Case“ und der persönlichen Werthaltung einzelner Unternehmer/innen. Wir haben untersucht, ob und wie auch ganz normale Mitarbeiter/innen, Initiativen für die Energiewende am Arbeitsplatz entwickeln
Orientierung an ewigem Wachstum oder gesellschaftlicher Wohlfahrt?
Authors: Rodenhäuser Dorothee , Held Benjamin , Zieschank Roland , Diefenbacher Hans
Published: February 2018

Wie gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt gemessen wird, entscheidet über zukünftige Prioritätensetzungeneiner Gesellschaft. Mit dem Nationalen Wohlfahrtsindex wird die verengte Perspektive des traditionellen Leitindikators BIP sichtbar und der Blick auf darüber hinausgehende ökologische und soziale Aspekte gelenkt.
Organisationales Lernen als mikropolitische Gestaltungsaufgabe
Authors: Prescher Thomas
Published: February 2018

Für eine große Transformation bildet ökologische Bildung einen zentralen und dennoch oft vernachlässigten Ansatz. Welche Rolle kann dabei die Kompetenzentwicklung zur Wahrnehmung und Stärkung des eigenen Verhaltens spielen?
Die Rolle von Stadtwerken in der Energiewende
Authors: Erdmann Georg , Graebig Markus
Published: February 2018

Was wäre zu tun, damit Stadtwerke den Anspruch von Treibern der Energiewende einlösen und ihr zweifellos vorhandenes Potenzial aktivieren können? Ein neues Forschungsprojekt zur agentenbasierten Simulation von Stadtwerken gibt dazu einige Antworten.
Education and Training on Introduction of Geology for Spatial Planning
Authors: Fahlevi Iwan , Sutanto Agus , Andiani Andiani , Sagala Saut Aritua Hasiholan , Kastl Sulamith
Published: February 2018

In 2015 and 2016, the Education and Training Center of Geology, Mineral, and Coal (Pusdiklat Geologi, Mineral dan Batubara) developed training of Introduction to Geology for Spatial Planning based on a new standard curriculum. The objective of this training is to prepare the participants in dealing with basic environmental geology data and its analysis for spatial planning, including data and information management and generation, basic knowledge in the geographic information system (GIS) as well as the data interpretation and obstacles within spatial planning regarding the geological factors. Furthermore, the training is meant to introduce participants to basic methods in spatial planning processes, such as participatory planning, scenario building, and conflict analysis for geologically-induced conflicts in spatial planning.  One focus of the training is the issue of disaster prevention via spatial planning. For this topic, the training refers to the Guideline for the Implementation of Geological Hazard Information in Spatial Planning (Pedoman Penyusunan Informasi Bahaya Geologi untuk Penataan Ruang) developed by the Geological Agency of Indonesia in 2015, supported by the German Development Cooperation. The approach of the new training differs from the previous standard curriculum which focused on operational and more technical procedures and scoring of geological analysis. One problem of passed training is the effectiveness of the training due to different knowledge levels of the participants, outsourced training parts and the often-passive didactic method implemented during the training. The new training is using a blended learning system, combining between e-learning in the introductory phase of the training to harmonize the participant's background and a highly interactive approach with practical elements to encourage the participants to apply theoretical knowledge directly. Moreover, the training aims to improve the participants’ capabilities to implement their knowledge to real case studies, from which they are likely to become more competent to fulfill their office tasks for sure. The new curriculum and training setup is adaptive to the current development process, using methods of gap analysis and SWOT analysis, determined contents, didactical needs, and limitations. These methods help to compare the expected performance of the new curriculum, both internally and externally, with the performance of the previous curriculum. Furthermore, the whole process is accompanied by focus group discussions to acquire feedback, reviews, and considerations for the setup and content of the changes applied to the curriculum.