bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Needs and Resources of the Staff in a Pediatric Neurosurgery Ward: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Study
Authors: Lanini Iacopo , Tringali Debora , Lauro Grotto Rosapia
Published: January 2022

Brain tumors are a common form of solid tumors in children and, unfortunately, they are characterized by a very uncertain prognosis. The treatment of this pathology often includes one or more very invasive surgical procedures, quite often in the very first steps of the treatment. Cases of brain tumors in children represent one of the greatest challenges for health care professionals in the domain of pediatric neurosurgery. This is clearly due to the complexity of the therapeutic plan, but also to the nature of the bond that is established between the child, the parents, and the members of the staff during the often-dramatic initial phase of the illness. In this phenomenological-hermeneutic study, we explore both the emotional and organizational needs, as well as the available professional and personal resources of the staff in the Neurosurgery ward of the Meyer Children’s Hospital in Florence (Italy). The ward staff, composed of 7 surgeons, a pediatric neuro-oncologist, 12 nurses, and 4 auxiliary health care professionals, underwent in-depth interviews that were recorded (with the consensus of the participants). The recordings were then transcribed and submitted to content analysis according to COREQ standards. A complex picture of emotional as well as organizational demands emerged from the data. Shared experiences were pointed out, together with more specific and idiosyncratic contents characteristic of different professional roles. The focus of the present paper was twofold, first, we considered the needs that are overtly expressed by the staff, and then we discussed the main sources of their motivational drives. We found that the latter is mainly found in the quality of the therapeutic bond that is established with the children and the family members, together with the deep interest in one’s own professional activity and the effective complementarity and integration of the personal and professional qualities of the staff members within the multidisciplinary caring group.
The Impact of an Intensive English Reading Course Based on the Production-Oriented Approach on the L2 Motivational Self System Among Chinese University English Majors From a Dynamic Systems Theory Perspective
Authors: Li Chili , Zhou Chujia , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2022

This article reports on a study that took a Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) perspective to second language (L2) motivational self system (L2MSS). More specifically, it investigated the influence of an Intensive English Reading course based on the Production-Oriented Approach (POA) upon the L2MSS of Chinese university English majorsfrom the DST perspective. To this end, two intact classes composed of 50 students were assigned into experimental group (EG) (N = 23) and control group (CG) (N = 27), who responded to an L2MSS scale before and after the one-semester intervention. Eight and five students were respectively selected using the purposive sampling method from the experimental and control groups for follow-up semi-structured interviews. The quantitative results revealed that the overall and dimensional (Ideal L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience) levels of L2MSS were significantly strengthened over time in the EG while kept stable in the CG. The qualitative results suggested that the enhanced Ideal L2 Self of the participants stemmed from an attractor basin that was deepened by a number of attractors encompassing Output Tasks and Peer Performance. The interview results also showed that the increased L2 Learning Experience of the participants pertained to an attractor basin that was consolidated by an array of attractors containing Output Tasks, Teacher Guidance, Group Discussion, and Peer Assessment. The findings indicated that the attractors at the subjective and social dimensions in the POA-based course collectively worked together to cause changes in L2MSS among the participants. The implications for intervening L2 motivation from a POA approach in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms were discussed.
An Event-Related Potentials Study on the Syntactic Transfer Effect of Late Language Learners
Authors: Deng Taiping , Deng Dongping , Feng Qing
Published: January 2022

This study explored the syntactic transfer effect of the non-local subject-verb agreement structure with plural head noun after two intensive phases of input training with event-related potentials (ERP). The non-local subject-verb agreement stimuli with the plural head nouns, which never appeared in training phases, were used for the stimuli. A total of 26 late L1-Chinese L2-English learners, who began to learn English after a critical period and participated in our previous experiments, were asked back to take part in this syntactic transfer experiment. Results indicated that a significant ERP component P600 occurred in the key region (the verb) of the sentences with syntactic violations in the experimental group, but none occurred in the control group. This demonstrated that there was a significant transfer effect of the input training. The possible theoretical explanation was provided and also the malleability of the late L2 learners was discussed.
Value Alignment and Public Perceived Legitimacy of the European Union and the Court of Justice
Authors: Grosfeld Eva , Scheepers Daan , Cuyvers Armin
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to extend research on the role of values for the perceived legitimacy of legal authorities by focusing on (1) supranational legal authorities and (2) a broad range of values. We examine how (alignment between) people’s personal values and their perception of the values of the European Union (EU) are related to perceived legitimacy of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the EU more broadly. Inspired by moral foundations theory, we distinguish between individualizing (i.e., “democracy”, “liberty”, and “fairness”) and binding values (i.e., “rule of law”, “respect for national authority”, and “respect for tradition”). An online survey was conducted in six EU member states (N = 1,136). A factor analysis confirmed a two-factor model (individualizing vs. binding values) for both personal values and perceived EU values. Four regression models were run for each of the value factors, including personal values, perceived EU values, and their interaction, on each of the outcomes (i.e., perceived CJEU and EU legitimacy). Perceived endorsement by the EU of both individualizing and binding values predicted higher legitimacy perceptions of the CJEU and EU. Furthermore, personal binding values had a negative effect on perceived EU legitimacy when participants perceived the EU to weakly support binding values, but a positive effect when the EU was perceived to strongly support binding values. The results suggest that value alignment plays an important role in perceived legitimacy of the CJEU and EU, and that better representing binding values might be a strategy to improve perceived EU legitimacy.
Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Peng Min , Song Xinran , Liu Luyu , Zhao Weifeng , Lai Pingmei , Bao Guanglin , Guo Tianyou , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event all over the world, and may lead to post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) in different population who are under the threat of novel corona virus. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and risk factors of PTSS between Chinese patients with depression and non-depressed controls during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: 437 depressed patients and 2,940 non-depressed controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between February 14 and May 9, 2020.The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the psychological status of all the participants.

Results: The prevalence of PTSS (IES-R ≥ 33) in depressed patients (45.08%) was higher than that in non-depressed controls (5.31%). Patients with depression were 16 times more likely to suffer from PTSS than those without depression. Correlation analyses showed that the IES-R total score was positively correlated with SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores in both depressed and non-depressed groups (Bonferroni corrected all p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SAS score, and PSQI score were independently associated with IES-R total score in both depression and non-depression groups. In depressed patients, education level and duration of media exposure to COVID-19 were positively associated with PTSS, while in the non-depressed group, subjects who were married, in the 31–50 year group or with higher SDS score were more likely to develop PTSS.

Conclusions: These results indicate that the prevalence rate of PTSS in patients with depression is very higher than that in subjects without depression. PTSS are associated with a number of socio-demographic and clinical variables.
Cardiac Startle Response and Clinical Outcomes in Preschool Children With Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ezell Jordan , Hogan Abigail , Will Elizabeth A. , Smith Kayla , Roberts Jane
Published: January 2022

Objective: Poor physiological regulation in response to threat is linked to multiple negative developmental outcomes including anxiety, which is highly prevalent and impairing in young children with neurodevelopmental disabilities like fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study contrasted cardiac startle response in pre-school-aged children with FXS, with and without ASD, to children with non-syndromic ASD (nsASD) and neurotypical controls (NT). The relationship of cardiac startle to non-verbal mental age (NVMA), ASD severity, and parent-reported anxiety was also examined.

Method: Four age-matched groups of pre-school children participated including those with FXS without ASD (FXS-Only, n = 21), FXS with ASD (FXS+ASD, n = 17), nsASD (n = 42), and NT children (n = 27). Participants viewed a silent movie during which a single 200 ms 98-decibel white noise burst occurred. Cardiac activity was analyzed for pre-stimulus respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the inter-beat intervals (IBI) at the auditory stimulus and 10 s post-stimulus. The Spence Pre-school Anxiety Scale, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2nd Edition, and Mullen Scales of Early Learning were examined in relation to startle response.

Results: The nsASD group demonstrated heightened cardiac activity at the auditory stimulus and 10 s post-stimulus compared to the NT controls. Neither of the FXS groups showed differences from any other group. Higher pre-stimulus RSA was associated with reduced cardiac response across groups, while the relationship between cognitive ability and ASD severity to cardiac response varied between groups. Parent-reported anxiety was not associated with cardiac response for any group.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate group distinctions in cardiac responses to auditory startle. Although FXS and ASD share behavioral characteristics, the nsASD group showed a heightened cardiac startle response compared to the NT group that was not present in the FXS groups with or without ASD. Non-verbal mental age was associated with greater stimulus or post-stimulus reactivity for all groups except the FXS+ASD group, which showed no association between startle response and any clinical outcomes. Increased understanding of the relationship between physiological regulation and clinical outcomes will assist in identifying the timing and targets for effective interventions for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
The Interaction Between Genetic Variant ZNF804A rs1344706 and Alcohol Withdrawal on Impulsivity: Evidence for the Diathesis-Stress Model
Authors: Zhang Xie , Sun Huankun , Wang Fan , Niculescu Michelle , Shen Guanghui , Zhou Siyao , Yang Fan , Chen Yu-Hsin , Chen Li , Wang Wei , Liu Yanlong
Published: January 2022

Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder, which may relate to increased impulsivity. A more detailed understanding of the potential moderating factor on association between AUD and impulsivity is likely to have far-reaching effects. This study aims to examine whether the interaction between a genetic variant ZNF804A rs1344706 and alcohol use is related to impulsivity in Chinese Han adult males diagnosed with AUD.

Methods: A total of 455 Chinese Han adult males diagnosed with AUD were included in this study. Impulsivity was assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Alcohol dependence was measured by Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of participants and genotyped.

Results: Hierarchical multiple regression yielded a significant interaction between ZNF804A rs1344706 and alcohol use (β = 0.20, p = 0.0237). Then, A region of significance (RoS) test was performed to interpret the interaction effect. Re-parameterized regression models revealed that the interaction between ZNF804A rs1344706 and alcohol problem severity fit to the weak diathesis-stress model (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.0010), indicating that the T allele carriers are more susceptible to alcohol problem severity, jointly contributing to impulsivity.

Conclusions: This study, which analyzed a specific gene-environment interaction, demonstrated that carriers of the T allele of ZNF804A rs1344706 may be more susceptible to alcohol problem severity, correlated with higher levels of impulsivity during withdrawal.
Aggression Amongst Outpatients With Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses in a Tertiary Mental Health Institution
Authors: Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Lau Jue Hua , Abdin Edimansyah , Shafie Saleha , Chang Sherilyn , Samari Ellaisha , Cetty Laxman , Wei Ker-Chiah , Mok Yee Ming , Tang Charmaine , Verma Swapna , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: January 2022

Aims: Aggression is defined as “any behavior intended to cause physical, emotional, or psychological harm to another.” The aims of the current study were to (i) examine underlying factor structure of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and (ii) explore socio-demographic and clinical correlates (symptom severity, substance use and alcohol use) among patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Methods: Data collected from 397 participants who were seeking outpatient treatment for schizophrenia and related psychoses at a tertiary psychiatric hospital were included in the analyses. BPAQ, a 29-item, four-factor instrument that measures physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility was used to assess aggression. Data on socio-demographic variables, age of onset of illness, drug use, alcohol use and symptom severity were also collected. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to establish the underlying factor structure of the BPAQ. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine socio-demographic and clinical correlates of the BPAQ factors.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.2 years (SD = 10.9, range: 21–65). Factor structure obtained from the CFA indicated that a higher order four-factor solution had an acceptable fit to the observed data (WLSMV χ2 = 1,025.35, df = 320, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.05). Females had lower physical aggression and hostility scores as compared to males. Those with lower education had higher physical aggression scores as compared to those with higher education. Participants who received a diagnosis after the age of 30 years had higher physical aggression and anger scores as compared to those who received a diagnosis at or before 20 years of age. Symptom severity was positively associated with higher BPAQ scores.

Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated high internal consistency and applicable measurement factor structure of BPAQ in this study sample, making it an appropriate questionnaire for assessing aggressive behavior in this population. We also identified socio-demographic and clinical factors that were associated with aggression in patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses.
Explicit and Implicit Measures of Identity Diffusion in Adolescent Girls With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Plakolm Erlač Sara , Bucik Valentin , Gregorič Kumperščak Hojka
Published: January 2022

The present study is the first to examine both the implicit and explicit self-concept of identity diffusion in a sample of adolescent patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A clinical sample of adolescent girls with diagnosed BPD (N = 30; M age = 15.9 years) and a sample of girls with a healthy personality development (N = 33; M age = 16.6 years) completed an implicit association test (IAT) that was adjusted to identity diffusion, the core of BPD. Common domains of child and adolescent psychopathology and core components of BPD were assessed using self-reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children—11 (BPFSC-11) and the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA). BPD patients scored significantly higher on explicit measures of borderline pathology than girls with a healthy personality development. A crucial finding for this study was that girls with BPD had a significantly lower implicit preference for stability than their counterparts in the control group. Moreover, explicit measures of borderline personality pathology were significantly correlated with an implicit measure of identity diffusion, the core of BPD. However, when looking at the predictive ability of implicit and explicit measures, only explicit identity diffusion was significantly associated with borderline features. Our data suggests that adolescent girls with BPD differ from healthy individuals not only in their conscious representation but also in their implicit representation of the self with regard to BPD related characteristics, which further advances the need for the identification of at-risk adolescents.
Modeling the COVID-19 Epidemic With Multi-Population and Control Strategies in the United States
Authors: Sun Deshun , Long Xiaojun , Liu Jingxiang
Published: January 2022

As of January 19, 2021, the cumulative number of people infected with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the United States has reached 24,433,486, and the number is still rising. The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has not only affected the development of the global economy but also seriously threatened the lives and health of human beings around the world. According to the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in the population, this study established a theoretical differential equation mathematical model, estimated model parameters through epidemiological data, obtained accurate mathematical models, and adopted global sensitivity analysis methods to screen sensitive parameters that significantly affect the development of the epidemic. Based on the established precise mathematical model, we calculate the basic reproductive number of the epidemic, evaluate the transmission capacity of the COVID-19 epidemic, and predict the development trend of the epidemic. By analyzing the sensitivity of parameters and finding sensitive parameters, we can provide effective control strategies for epidemic prevention and control. After appropriate modifications, the model can also be used for mathematical modeling of epidemics in other countries or other infectious diseases.
Emergency Preparedness and Management of Mobile Cabin Hospitals in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shi Fang , Li Hao , Liu Rui , Liu Yan , Liu Xiaoxue , Wen Haoyu , Yu Chuanhua
Published: January 2022

The healthcare systems in China and globally have faced serious challenges during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The shortage of beds in traditional hospitals has exacerbated the threat of COVID-19. To increase the number of available beds, China implemented a special public health measure of opening mobile cabin hospitals. Mobile cabin hospitals, also called Fangcang shelter hospitals, refer to large-scale public venues such as indoor stadiums and exhibition centers converted to temporary hospitals. This study is a mini review of the practice of mobile cabin hospitals in China. The first part is regarding emergency preparedness, including site selection, conversion, layout, and zoning before opening the hospital, and the second is on hospital management, including organization management, management of nosocomial infections, information technology support, and material supply. This review provides some practical recommendations for countries that need mobile cabin hospitals to relieve the pressure of the pandemic on the healthcare systems.
Pre-6G Graduate Education of Communications Engineering
Authors: Dang Shuping , Alouini Mohamed-Slim , Shihada Basem
Published: January 2022

As sixth-generation (6G) communications have been widely discussed in the past 2 years, it is now the right time to investigate the potential impacts of 6G communications on the current graduate education system of communications engineering. In this article, we articulate a set of existing problems with the graduation education of communications engineering and analyze the trends and challenges of pre-6G graduate education of communications engineering. By this article, we not only aim to diagnose the existing problems with corresponding trends and challenges but also to call for proactive measures coping with them. Besides, we would also like to use this article to encourage more and more brave undergraduates to participate in communications engineering, a fast-changing and far-reaching discipline.
Mediating Between Contact Feasibility and Robustness of Trajectory Optimization Through Chance Complementarity Constraints
Authors: Drnach Luke , Zhang John Z. , Zhao Ye
Published: January 2022

As robots move from the laboratory into the real world, motion planning will need to account for model uncertainty and risk. For robot motions involving intermittent contact, planning for uncertainty in contact is especially important, as failure to successfully make and maintain contact can be catastrophic. Here, we model uncertainty in terrain geometry and friction characteristics, and combine a risk-sensitive objective with chance constraints to provide a trade-off between robustness to uncertainty and constraint satisfaction with an arbitrarily high feasibility guarantee. We evaluate our approach in two simple examples: a push-block system for benchmarking and a single-legged hopper. We demonstrate that chance constraints alone produce trajectories similar to those produced using strict complementarity constraints; however, when equipped with a robust objective, we show the chance constraints can mediate a trade-off between robustness to uncertainty and strict constraint satisfaction. Thus, our study may represent an important step towards reasoning about contact uncertainty in motion planning.
Testing Laser-Structured Antimicrobial Surfaces Under Space Conditions: The Design of the ISS Experiment BIOFILMS
Authors: Siems Katharina , Müller Daniel W. , Maertens Laurens , Ahmed Aisha , Van Houdt Rob , Mancinelli Rocco L. , Baur Sandra , Brix Kristina , Kautenburger Ralf , Caplin Nicol , Krause Jutta , Demets Rene , Vukich Marco , Tortora Alessandra , Roesch Christian , Holland Gudrun , Laue Michael , Mücklich Frank , Moeller Ralf
Published: January 2022

Maintaining crew health and safety are essential goals for long-term human missions to space. Attaining these goals requires the development of methods and materials for sustaining the crew’s health and safety. Paramount is microbiological monitoring and contamination reduction. Microbial biofilms are of special concern, because they can cause damage to spaceflight equipment and are difficult to eliminate due to their increased resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. The introduction of antimicrobial surfaces for medical, pharmaceutical and industrial purposes has shown a unique potential for reducing and preventing biofilm formation. This article describes the development process of ESA’s BIOFILMS experiment, that will evaluate biofilm formation on various antimicrobial surfaces under spaceflight conditions. These surfaces will be composed of different metals with and without specified surface texture modifications. Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis, Cupriavidus metallidurans and Acinetobacter radioresistens are biofilm forming organisms that have been chosen as model organisms. The BIOFILMS experiment will study the biofilm formation potential of these organisms in microgravity on the International Space Station on inert surfaces (stainless steel AISI 304) as well as antimicrobial active copper (Cu) based metals that have undergone specific surface modification by Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning (USP-DLIP). Data collected in 1 x g has shown that these surface modifications enhance the antimicrobial activity of Cu based metals. In the scope of this, the interaction between the surfaces and bacteria, which is highly determined by topography and surface chemistry, will be investigated. The data generated will be indispensable for the future selection of antimicrobial materials in support of human- and robotic-associated activities in space exploration.
Hybrid Gravimetry to Map Water Storage Dynamics in a Mountain Catchment
Authors: Chaffaut Quentin , Lesparre Nolwenn , Masson Frédéric , Hinderer Jacques , Viville Daniel , Bernard Jean-Daniel , Ferhat Gilbert , Cotel Solenn
Published: January 2022

In mountain areas, both the ecosystem and the local population highly depend on water availability. However, water storage dynamics in mountains is challenging to assess because it is highly variable both in time and space. This calls for innovative observation methods that can tackle such measurement challenge. Among them, gravimetry is particularly well-suited as it is directly sensitive–in the sense it does not require any petrophysical relationship–to temporal changes in water content occurring at surface or underground at an intermediate spatial scale (i.e., in a radius of 100 m). To provide constrains on water storage changes in a small headwater catchment (Strengbach catchment, France), we implemented a hybrid gravity approach combining in-situ precise continuous gravity monitoring using a superconducting gravimeter, with relative time-lapse gravity made with a portable Scintrex CG5 gravimeter over a network of 16 stations. This paper presents the resulting spatio-temporal changes in gravity and discusses them in terms of spatial heterogeneities of water storage. We interpret the spatio-temporal changes in gravity by means of: (i) a topography model which assumes spatially homogeneous water storage changes within the catchment, (ii) the topographic wetness index, and (iii) for the first time to our knowledge in a mountain context, by means of a physically based distributed hydrological model. This study therefore demonstrates the ability of hybrid gravimetry to assess the water storage dynamics in a mountain hydrosystem and shows that it provides observations not presumed by the applied physically based distributed hydrological model.
Synthetic Approaches to Complex Organic Molecules in the Cold Interstellar Medium
Authors: Herbst Eric , Garrod Robin T.
Published: January 2022

The observation and synthesis of organic molecules in interstellar space is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing topics in astrochemistry. Spectroscopic observations especially with millimeter and submillimeter waves have resulted in the detection of more than 250 molecules in the interstellar clouds from which stars and planets are ultimately formed. In this review, we focus on the diverse suggestions made to explain the formation of Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) in the low-temperature interstellar medium. The dominant mechanisms at such low temperatures are still a matter of dispute, with both gas-phase and granular processes, occurring on and in ice mantles, thought to play a role. Granular mechanisms include both diffusive and nondiffusive processes. A granular explanation is strengthened by experiments at 10 K that indicate that the synthesis of large molecules on granular ice mantles under space-like conditions is exceedingly efficient, with and without external radiation. In addition, the bombardment of carbon-containing ice mantles in the laboratory by cosmic rays, which are mainly high-energy protons, can lead to organic species even at low temperatures. For processes on dust grains to be competitive at low temperatures, however, non-thermal desorption mechanisms must be invoked to explain why the organic molecules are detected in the gas phase. Although much remains to be learned, a better understanding of low-temperature organic syntheses in space will add both to our understanding of unusual chemical processes and the role of molecules in stellar evolution.
Disruptive Innovations for Well-Functioning Food Systems: The Data-Driven “Food and Nutrition Security Under Climate Evolution” Framework
Authors: Pacillo Grazia , Bao-Nam Nguyen-Vu , Burra Dharani Dhar , Trinh Huong T. , Le Tuyen Danh , Truong Mai Tuyet , Nguyen Son Duy , Tran Do Thanh , Läderach Peter
Published: January 2022

The current climate crisis poses new uncertainties, risks, and vulnerabilities, and is leading to losses for millions of people depending on fragile food systems. Food systems are, however, vastly different across landscapes and communities, and their capacities to respond to climate impacts evolve and change through time. Humanitarian and development organizations are struggling to keep pace with these changes. Monitoring a large number of diverse food systems during an evolving climate crisis can be expensive and time-consuming. This paper introduces a monitoring approach that uses a combination of open-source earth observations along with national data sources to produce highly contextualized metrics for monitoring Food And Nutrition Security under Climate Evolution (FANSCE). Entirely data-driven, the FANSCE approach has been designed to produce policy recommendations to help monitor, assess, and mitigate climatic impacts on food systems. We developed and tested this approach in Vietnam, where climate variability has become a growing threat to food systems. Our results show that predictors of food and nutrition security differ drastically with the intensity of climate variability. More specifically, our analyses suggest that in areas of high climate variability, levels of food and nutrition security can be significantly predicted based on economic activities, ethnicity, education, health of mothers, and the level of readiness and preparedness to climate impacts of villages and communities. On the other hand, in areas of low climate variability, food and nutrition security are mostly predictable based on the ability of households to access essential services (such as education, health) and communal resources (water, storage, etc.). To support the resilience of food systems, policymakers must regularly monitor how these dimensions react to the changing climate. Addition critical actions to increase food system sustainability in Vietnam include 1) enhanced coordination of institutional responses and capacities across governmental and non-governmental agencies, and 2) better integration of scientific knowledge into national and sub-national decision-making processes.
COVID-19 Driven Adaptations in the Provision of School Meals in the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Ala-Karvia Urszula , Góralska-Walczak Rita , Piirsalu Evelin , Filippova Ekaterina , Kazimierczak Renata , Post Anna , Monakhov Valerii , Mikkola Minna
Published: January 2022

The instability, rapid changes, and restrictions generated by the COVID-19 pandemic tested the provision of school meals in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). School meal services were affected by factors such as full or partial lockdowns, strict hygiene regimes, lay-offs or staff shortages, stressful working environments, supply shortages, and changes to storing, cooking, and serving models. However, the responses to the COVID-19 crisis were highlighted by innovation, new opportunities, and cooperation. This paper reviews several examples of COVID-19 crisis management at school canteens in five BSR countries [Estonia, Finland, Poland, Russia (Saint Petersburg), and Sweden] between March 2020 and March 2021. The paper reveals the significant operational, logistical, and systemic problems that appeared because of the pandemic; the solutions and adaptations that were developed are also identified. The preparatory processes, logistics, and services that were adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a new school meal provision model—a takeaway model; that includes similar features and unique characteristics across the different countries. Overall, the provision of school meals was carried out successfully in the BSR during the pandemic. Responsible, competent, and innovative professionals used their organizational skills, flexibility, and responsiveness to feed school pupils in a highly restricted and rapidly changing environment. It is expected that several of the COVID-19-driven innovations will remain in use following the pandemic.
Surgical Outcomes of Vaginal or Cervical Melanoma
Authors: Tian Hui , Wang Xuan , Lian Bin , Si Lu , Gao Min , Zheng Hong , Chi Zhihong , Kong Yan , Mao Lili , Bai Xue , Tang Bixia , Yan Xieqiao , Li Siming , Zhou Li , Dai Jie , Sun Yangchun , Wu Lingying , Guo Jun , Cui Chuanliang
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of radical resection compared with non-radical resection for vaginal or cervical melanoma.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of post-operative patients with primary lower genital tract melanoma hospitalised at Peking University Cancer Hospital between Jan 2014 and Dec 2020. The study endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier method-plotted survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the factors associated with RFS and OS, and to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results: A total of 80 patients were included. Thirty-one patients had received non-radical resection, and 49 patients had received radical resection. The median patient age was 55.5 (IQR 45.3–60.0) years. Sixty-two (77.5%) patients had vaginal melanoma. Sixty-four patients (80.0%) had received post-operative adjuvant therapy. The median follow-up time was 36.0 months (95% CI 10.1–62.1 months). Sixty-four patients developed recurrence, and 44 patients died. The median RFS (mRFS) was 6.0 months (95% CI 3.4–8.6 m), and the RFS for the radical resection group was longer than that for the non-radical resection group (9.5 vs. 5.3 m), with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The median OS (mOS) was 25.9 months (95% CI 14.4–37.4 m). The mOS was 24.6 months (95% CI 10.3–38.9 m) and 25.9 months (95% CI 10.9–40.9 m) in the non-radical resection group and the radical resection group, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that surgical approach, infiltration depth of the tumour, lymph node metastasis, and post-operative adjuvant therapy were independent risk factors for RFS and that post-operative adjuvant therapy was an independent risk factor for OS.

Conclusion: By performing multivariate analysis, which corrected for potential confounding factors, we identified surgical procedures that were associated with RFS, and we found that RFS and OS in patients with vaginal melanoma and cervical melanoma benefitted from post-operative adjuvant therapy.
Rapid Patient-Side Evaluation of Endothelial Glycocalyx Thickness in Healthy Sedated Cats Using GlycoCheck® Software
Authors: Yozova Ivayla D. , Londoño Leonel A. , Millar Kristina K. , Sano Hiroki , Weidgraaf Karin , Thomson Neroli A. , Munday John S.
Published: January 2022

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) determines transvascular fluid fluxes, and influences inflammation, coagulation, and capillary blood flow. The GlycoCheck® software calculates EG thickness using sidestream dark field videomicroscopy recordings. This method has not been evaluated for use in cats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of GlycoCheck® for estimating EG thickness in healthy cats, and to investigate the variability of EG thickness in this population. One hundred and one healthy research-purposed cats were included in the study. The cats were sedated, and a handheld videomicroscope, connected to GlycoCheck® software, was used to evaluate the sublingual microvasculature. The parameters measured included perfused boundary region (PBR, an indirect measurement of EG thickness) in vessels between 5 and 25 μm in diameter, valid vessel density, percentage red blood cell filling, and median red blood cell column width. Heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry and oscillometric blood pressure readings were also recorded. There were 35 neutered male cats, 11 intact males, 38 neutered females, and 17 intact females. The average age was 63 months (range, 11–160 months). Tolerance intervals for PBR (vessel diameter 5–25 μm) were 1.89–3.00 μm (95% CI, lower limit 1.76–2.04, upper limit 2.83–3.13 μm); for valid vessel density were 73.33–333.33 μm/mm2 (95% CI, lower limit 77.00–99.33, upper limit 312.67–350.33 μm/mm2); for percentage red blood cell filling were 59.85–85.07% (95% CI, lower limit 58.97–63.33, upper limit 83.07–88.20 %); and for median red blood cell column width were 5.63–8.59 μm (95% CI, lower limit 5.28–6.07, upper limit 8.14–9.51 μm). There was a negative association between median red blood cell column width and body weight (p = 0.007). The median red blood cell column was significantly wider in intact females when compared to spayed females (p = 0.033). The GlycoCheck® analysis was easily performed in healthy sedated cats. Clinical variables did not have an effect on the EG thickness. These results suggest that this technique could be valuable for evaluation of the EG and microvascular parameters in cats.
DIREITO REAL DE LAJE
Authors: Bastos Leticia Elaine Lino Pereira
Published: January 2022

A propriedade faz parte da vida das pessoas, desde a Antiguidade, quando o homem deixou de ser nômade e passou a se fixar em locais previamente escolhidos e que propiciavam uma boa qualidade de vida, o que na época significava abundancia de água e boas condições para plantação. Havia abundancia de terras e nenhuma preocupação quanto á verticalização das cidades. Todavia, a partir das revoluções industriais e com os movimentos de êxodo rural, as grandes cidades passaram a apresentar um número cada vez maior de pessoas. A densidade demográfica em índices cada vez maiores, fez com que as pessoas passassem a se adaptar as novas condições, e por consequência a verticalização das casas, e construções em geral se tornou uma realidade. E esta foi mais uma demanda que precisou ser tratada pelos juristas no Brasil. Não demorou muito percebeu-se a necessidade de regulamentação especifica sobre este assunto. E o legislador logo tratou de trabalhar sobre o assunto, a fim de tornar a matéria regulamentada e solucionar as questões. O resultado disto foi uma modificação do Código Civil, que passou a abarcar o chamado direito de laje, que transforma pavimentos em unidades autônomas de propriedade. O presente estudo se debruçou por meio de analises e estudos, em títulos e leis que elucidam a questão, com a intenção de denominar e explicar de modo claro e especifico as alterações ocorridas ao longo da promulgação e aplicação da norma em tela.
DEVOLUÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS ADOTADAS: A RUPTURA DA FAMÍLIA IDEALIZADA COMO FATOR DE RISCO
Authors: Batista Ana Carolina de Sousa , Carvalho Bruno Machado de Sousa , Tanizaka Alvarenga Hugo Horta , Carvalho Roberta Pompeo De Camargo , Bedani Ailton
Published: January 2022

A devolução de crianças está inserida em um contexto de produções acadêmicas ainda escassas, que além de não apresentar estatísticas, é um assunto pouco abordado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo delinear a quebra do vínculo e da família idealizada pelos adotantes como fator de risco para a devolução das crianças. Buscou-se apresentar o contexto histórico da adoção, seguido do embasamento legal para revelar as circunstâncias em que esse processo está inserido. Para responder à problematização, o trabalho descreve sobre a criação do vínculo e suas fragilidades, resultando na ruptura da idealização, bem como no ato da devolução. O referencial psicanalítico serviu de base para análise dos fenômenos presentes, tanto no procedimento de adoção quanto o de devolução, ligado à fantasias, compensações e idealizações.
Pengaruh Waktu Perendaman Beras terhadap Profil Gelatinisasi dan Komponen Bioaktif Tepung Beras Pecah Kulit Berkecambah
Authors: Munarko Hadi , Budijanto Slamet , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Kusnandar Feri
Published: January 2022

Tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan fungsional karena mengandung senyawa γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dan komponen bioaktif lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh waktu perendaman terhadap profil pasting dan komponen bioaktif tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah. Perkecambahan dilakukan dengan merendam beras pecah kulit selama 120 jam dengan pengambilan sampel setiap 24 jam. Tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah mengalami penurunan viskositas puncak, breakdown, dan setback seiring dengan lama waktu perendaman. Kandungan GABA mengalami peningkatan dan mencapai nilai tertinggi setelah perendaman 72 jam. Kandungan total fenol, kapasitas antioksidan, dan γ-orizanol mengalami penurunan seiring dengan lamanya waktu perendaman. Sementara itu, hasil analisis komposisi asam lemak tepung beras pecah kulit berkecambah pada perlakuan perendaman 120 jam menunjukkan adanya dominasi asam lemak tidak jenuh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, tepung beras kecambah dengan perendaman 72 jam dapat dipilih sebagai perlakuan terbaik karena memiliki akumulasi GABA paling tinggi.
Repúblicas del Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Gutiérrez Ardila Daniel
Published: January 2022

Según muestra Hilda Sabato en su libro, el republicanismo en la Hispanoamérica decimonónica se caracterizó por su precocidad y por su consistencia política y social, mas también por su volatilidad. ¿Cómo explicar al mismo tiempo el arraigo histórico del sistema y su inestabilidad? Este ensayo retoma y discute las razones ideológicas e institucionales alegadas por la autora argentina y propone incluir otros factores en la ecuación.
Analysis of the Needs of Computational Thinking Components by Variables Related to Teachers in Secondary Vocational Education Specialized Subjects
Authors:   Korean Technology Education Association, Cho Hye Sook
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs of computational thinking required to teach students in specialized subjects in secondary vocational education by related variables. To this end, a questionnaire survey

was conducted on 477 teachers of secondary vocational education specializing in vocational education, considering the region, and a questionnaire of 379 (79.45%) were analyzed. For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and F-test of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed using the SPSS 18.0 program. The results of this study were as follows.

First, the average value of the needs for computational thinking of teachers in secondary vocational education according to their general education experience, the mean of teachers with more than 20 years of education

experience was the lowest, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups. In addition, in the case of the needs of the components of computational thinking, the mean of teachers without educational experience in computer-means subjects or computer-purpose subjects was low.

Second, in the case of the perceptions of teachers in specialized subjects who recognized that education on computational thinking should be taught in “General subjects”, the need for education on the components of

computational thinking skills was statistically significantly higher than that of other groups. As a result of analyzing the perceptions of teachers in specialized subjects on which areas of secondary vocational education should be conducted for computational thinking, 50.39% of the responding teachers recognized that computational thinking should be taught in “Common subject” in secondary vocational education.
Colestasis Intrahepatica del Embarazo
Authors: Peraza Rojas Melissa , Borbón Guevara Jorge Ignacio
Published: January 2022

Colestasis intrahepática del embarazo es un trastorno hepático específico del embarazo que se caracteriza por prurito materno, presentándose generalmente en el segundo trimestre tardío o tercer trimestre de embarazo con alteración de las pruebas de función hepática, incluyendo elevación de ácidos biliares séricos. Los síntomas y signos clínicos se resuelven rápidamente después del parto, sin embargo, existe riesgo de reaparición en embarazos posteriores. La etiología de la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo es compleja y no se comprende completamente; es probable que sea el resultado de los efectos colestásicos de las hormonas reproductivas y sus metabolitos en mujeres genéticamente susceptibles. Esta enfermedad se asocia con un mayor riesgo de resultados adversos perinatales; se ha demostrado que el aumento de los ácidos biliares maternos >40 μmol/L se correlaciona con mayores complicaciones fetales como parto prematuro, tinción con meconio del líquido amniótico y muerte fetal, aún más cuando los niveles de ácidos biliares se encuentran por encima de los 100μmol/L.El tratamiento de primera línea es el ácido ursodesoxicólico, sin embargo, su evidencia se encuentra en conflicto para demostrar la efectividad y disminución de efectos adversos, tanto maternos como fetales. El parto temprano electivo es también una práctica común, pero debe considerarse de forma individualizada ya que no hay evidencia sólida que respalde esta práctica. En esta revisión se incluyen: etiología, características clínicas maternas, diagnóstico, complicaciones maternas y fetales e información de evidencia actualizada sobre los beneficios del manejo en la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo.
Necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral
Authors: Gutiérrez Brenes Leonidas José , López Vargas Silvia , Valverde Chinchilla. Katherine
Published: January 2022

La necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral es una enfermedad que consiste en la destrucción progresiva del tejido óseo y su eventual colapso de no ser tratado. Al ser sintomática, presenta dolor; pero en muchas ocasiones es asintomático lo que impide su tratamiento a tiempo. El tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico son recomendados en sus etapas iniciales, ya que la enfermedad avanzada amerita una artroplastia de cadera. Su etiología se relaciona a ciertos traumas, uso excesivo de alcohol y glucocorticoides.