bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-variant spectral peak and notch detection in echolocation-call sequences in bats
Authors: Genzel Daria , Wiegrebe Lutz
Published: December 2007

Bats are able to recognize and discriminate three-dimensional objects in complete darkness by analyzing the echoes of their ultrasonic emissions. Bats typically ensonify objects from different aspects to gain an internal representation of the three-dimensional object shape. Previous work suggests that, as a result, bats rely on the echo-acoustic analysis of spectral peaks and notches. Dependent on the aspect of ensonification, this spectral interference pattern changes over time in an object-specific manner. The speed with which the bats' auditory system can follow time-variant spectral interference patterns is unknown.

Here, we measured the detection thresholds for temporal variations in the spectral content of synthesized echolocation calls in the echolocating bat, Megaderma lyra. In a two-alternative, forced-choice procedure, bats were trained to discriminate synthesized echolocation-call sequences with time-variant spectral peaks or notches from echolocation-call sequences with invariant peaks or notches. Detection thresholds of the spectral modulations were measured by varying the modulation depth of the time-variant echolocation-call sequences for modulation rates ranging from 2 to 16 Hz. Both for spectral peaks and notches, modulation-detection thresholds were at a modulation depth of ∼11% of the centre frequency. Interestingly,thresholds were relatively independent of modulation rate. Acknowledging reservations about direct comparisons of active-acoustic and passive-acoustic auditory processing, the effectual sensitivity and modulation-rate independency of the obtained results indicate that the bats are well capable of tracking changes in the spectral composition of echoes reflected by complex objects from different angles.
Development of a Power Net simulation tool using SABER®
Authors: Boulos A M , Pickering S R , Gerke T , Burnham K J
Published: December 2007

Throughout the history of the automotive industry, the average load on the electrical system has been increasing model year by model year. The main driver of this trend has been the increasing use of electric power due to the increasing level of equipment on the average vehicle. The electric power system of a modern vehicle has to supply enough electrical energy to drive numerous electrical and electronic systems and components. Usually, the electric power system of a vehicle consists of two major components, an alternator and a battery, with supplementary control systems sometimes used to aid system operation. For vehicle power supply analysis, a detailed understanding of the operational characteristics of the major components and how they interact as a part of the electric power system, including environmental and road conditions, is essential if the analysis is to aid system optimization.

In this study, a simulation tool has been developed using SABERA® to enhance the process of vehicle electrical power system design, development, and optimization, which is becoming important as more electrical features are added to future vehicles.
An approximate method for the evaluation of the roll stiffness of road tankers
Authors: Chondros T G , Michalos G , Michaelides P , Fainekos E
Published: December 2007

The rollover stability of tank vehicles depends on a number of factors that result in a lateral shift of the centre of gravity, which influences roll dynamics in cornering. The most important factors are the height of the centre of gravity, the track width, the axle roll stiffness, suspension and tyre compliance, and suspension roll stiffness. A tilt table test and, alternatively, a calculation method are suggested for implementation by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulation 111. In Greece, no available approved testing rig is available to carry out the required tests for the conformity of those vehicles with Regulation 111 and, consequently, the calculation method is almost exclusively adopted. However, the calculation method for Regulation 111 still remains a theoretical way to check the vehicle behaviour owing to the large number of non-validated physical parameters involved. Thus, there is a lack of reliability between results obtained by the calculation method from different inspection bodies for similar vehicles. A combined experimental and calculation method that determines the overall torsion-angular displacement relation for a vehicle on an inclined level under its own weight is discussed, and results of the application of this method in a large series of various types of road tanker are presented in this paper.
X-ray Diffraction Study on the Structure of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions Involving Alanine Molecules with Different Optical Activities
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Okuyama Aya , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi , Kohara Shinji
Published: December 2007

X-ray diffraction measurements on aqueous 2.5 mol % Dl-, l-, and d-alanine solutions in D2O were carried out at 26±2 °C in order to obtain information concerning the difference in the hydrogen-bonded structure between aqueous solutions involving amino acid molecules with different optical activities. The difference function, Δiinter(Q), between intermolecular interference term observed for Dl- and l-alanine and between Dl- and d-alanine solutions both exhibited a first peak at Q=1.6 Å−1, followed by oscillatory features extending to higher-Q region, implying that there is a difference in the intermolecular structure is present between these solutions. The difference distribution function, Δginter(r), obtained from the Fourier transform of the Δiinter(Q) between Dl- and l-, and between Dl- and d-alanine solutions showed an obvious negative peak at r=2.8 Å, which was attributed to the nearest neighbor hydrogen-bonded O···O interaction. The least squares fitting analysis of the observed Δiinter(Q) showed that the intermolecular O···O distance and the difference in the coordination number between Dl- and l-, and between Dl- and d-alanine solutions are 2.76(2) Å and −0.18(1), and 2.81(3) Å and −0.18(1), respectively. It was concluded that the intermolecular hydrogen-bonded network in aqueous l- and d-alanine solutions is stronger than that in the Dl-alanine solution.
NMR Study on Solubilization of Sterols and Aromatic Compounds in Sodium Taurodeoxycholate Micelles
Authors: Matsuoka Keisuke , Ishii Shigeaki , Honda Chikako , Endo Kazutoyo , Saito Akio , Moroi Yoshikiyo , Shibata Osamu
Published: December 2007

The solubility of cholesterol in the binary solubilizates system (cholesterol and β-sitosterol) of a sodium taurodeoxycholate solution decreased to almost half of that in the single cholesterol system. On the other hand, the cholesterol solubilities in other binary other systems (cholesterol and certain aromatics) of those solutions were the same as that of the single cholesterol system. The results of competitive solubilization between sterols and aromatics suggested that both were solubilized at different solubilization sites of a micelle. Their molecular dynamics and solubilization sites were measured by the 1H NMR method. The rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser effect and exchange spectroscopy (ROESY) contour plot of aromatics solubilized micellar solution exhibited direct cross-peaks between the aromatics and bile salt of 19-methyl protons. The observed ROESY spectra of the sterol-solubilized solutions were almost identical to those of the pure micellar solution. The spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) for aromatics solubilized in the micellar solutions increased for 18-, 19-, and 21-methyl protons of the bile salt in comparison with those of a pure micellar solution, which indicated that the micellar core changed to a loosely packed state owing to the penetration of aromatics. On the other hand, the T1 values for sterols solubilized in micelles were lesser than those for pure micellar solutions for almost all proton positions, which suggested that the sterols were compatible with the micelle. These results indicated that the aromatics were solubilized in micellar palisade layer interacting with bile salt of methyl protons, whereas, the sterols were solubilized to match the micellar structure via the steroids interaction.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of a Series of Metal Ion-Containing Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhong Chongmin , Sasaki Takehiko , Jimbo-Kobayashi Akiko , Fujiwara Emiko , Kobayashi Akiko , Tada Mizuki , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: December 2007

A series of metal ion-containing ionic liquids [Bmim]2[MCl4] (M = Sn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Pt; [Bmim] = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [Bmim]2[ZrCl6] were synthesized and their single-crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The crystal structures showed the existence of an interaction between chlorometalate anions and imidazolium cations via C–H···Cl hydrogen bonding as well as an interaction between the cations through C–H···π hydrogen bonding and/or π···π stack interaction. The melting points of the metal salts were found to correlate with the number of halide ions coordinated to each metal ion and the overall symmetry of the chlorometalate anions. Ionic conductivity measured in super-cooled states of the synthesized salts unambiguously confirmed that these salts behaved as ionic liquids. The synthesized salts have a high thermal stability as evaluated by TGA and negligible vapor pressure before decomposition.
Enantioselective Trifluoromethylation of Ketones with (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane Catalyzed by Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Phenoxides
Authors: Nagao Hitoshi , Kawano Yoshikazu , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: December 2007

Chiral quaternary ammonium phenoxides were prepared readily from commercially available cinchona alkaloids and employed as novel useful asymmetric organocatalysts. Among these chiral quaternary ammonium phenoxides, a cinchonidine-derived phenoxide that possesses a sterically hindered N(1)-3,5-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzyl group was the most effective for asymmetric trifluoromethylation. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis bases, such as cinchonidine-derived quaternary ammonium phenoxides, catalyzed the reaction of various ketones with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane to afford the corresponding trifluoromethylated adducts in high yields and with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
Chalcogenation Reactions of Overcrowded Doubly Bonded Systems between Heavier Group 15 Elements
Authors: Sasamori Takahiro , Mieda Eiko , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: December 2007

Novel heterocyclic compounds containing chalcogen (S, Se, and Te) and pnictogen (P, Sb, and Bi) atoms were obtained by chalcogenation reactions of the doubly bonded systems between heavier group 15 elements (dipnictenes) kinetically stabilized by 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Bbt) groups. Whereas the sulfurization reaction of BbtP=PBbt (1) with elemental sulfur (S8) gave the Bbt-substituted thiadiphosphirane, i.e., the three-membered ring compound of P–S–P, those of BbtSb=SbBbt (2) and BbtBi=BiBbt (3) afforded the corresponding five-membered ring compounds, i.e., the 1,2,4,3,5-trithiadistibolane and 1,2,4,3,5-trithiadibismolane, as the main products, respectively. From each selenization reaction of dipnictenes 1–3 using elemental selenium, the corresponding three-membered ring compounds (selenadipnictiranes) were obtained as stable compounds. On the other hand, the tellurization reactions of distibene 2 and dibismuthene 3 using (n-Bu)3P=Te gave the corresponding telluradipnictiranes as in the case of their selenization reactions, though diphosphene 1 underwent no tellurization when (n-Bu)3P=Te or elemental tellurium was used as a tellurium source.
Colloidal State of Exfoliated Oxide Nanosheets of Layered Niobate Characterized with a Molecular-Level Spectroscopic Technique and Macroscopic Observations
Authors: Nakato Teruyuki , Sugawara Jun
Published: December 2007

Inorganic oxide nanosheets, prepared by exfoliation of layered hexaniobate K4Nb6O17, were investigated in a colloidal state with different hierarchies: micrometer to submillimeter level with microscopies and molecular level with visible spectroscopy. A cationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-21H,23H-porphine (H2TMPyP) was added to the colloid as a spectroscopic probe. The Soret absorption band of porphyrin adsorbed on the niobate nanosheets was split when the colloid was concentrated. The modified spectral profile was retained when the colloid was re-diluted, indicating irreversible alteration that reflected concentration history of the dispersed state of the nanosheets. Fluorescence optical and transmission electron microscopies indicated aggregation and crumpling of the nanosheets in the colloids that were concentrated. The alteration of the colloidal nanosheets upon concentration was ascribed to the enrichment of electrolytes coexisting in the colloid. The results demonstrated that the microscopic status of the colloidally dispersed exfoliated nanosheets is related to the microenvironments formed by functional molecules immobilized on the nanosheets.
Role of Iron Ion Electron Mediator on Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Irradiation Using Z-Scheme Systems
Authors: Kato Hideki , Sasaki Yasuyoshi , Iwase Akihide , Kudo Akihiko
Published: December 2007

A combination system consisting of a H2 production photocatalyst, Pt/SrTiO3:Rh, and an O2 production photocatalyst, BiVO4 or WO3, decomposed water into H2 and O2 under visible light irradiation in the presence of an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple as an electron mediator. O2 evolution on the BiVO4 photocatalyst was inhibited by Fe2+ ions, because of the oxidation of Fe2+ instead of water. In contrast, H2 evolution on the Pt/SrTiO3:Rh photocatalyst was enhanced when Fe3+ ions co-existed. It is due to the back-reactions between H2 and O2 to form water, and the reduction of Fe3+ by H2, which easily proceeded on the bare Pt cocatalyst surface, being efficiently suppressed by adsorption of [Fe(SO4)(H2O)5]+ and/or [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]2+ on the Pt surface. Overall water splitting was achieved with the suppression of the back-reactions even using a Pt cocatalyst. Thus, it clears that iron ions contributed to the present Z-scheme systems not only as an electron mediator but also as an inhibitor of the back-reactions.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Quaternary Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes
Authors: Kunugi Yoshihito , Hayakawa Hideyuki , Tsunashima Katsuhiko , Sugiya Masashi
Published: December 2007

Dye-sensitized solar cells using quaternary phosphonium ionic liquids as their electrolytes have been successfully fabricated. Of these, the best device performance was achieved by using triethyl(pentyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, whose energy conversion efficiencies were determined to be 1.2% and 3.8% under full (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2) and low intensity (7 mW cm−2) sunlight illumination, respectively. Interestingly, the energy conversion efficiencies for the quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid electrolytes are higher than those for the corresponding quaternary ammonium ionic liquids.
Capital Account Liberalization: Theory, Evidence, and Speculation
Authors: Henry Peter Blair
Published: December 2007

Research on the macroeconomic impact of capital account liberalization finds few, if any, robust effects of liberalization on real variables. In contrast to the prevailing wisdom, I argue that the textbook theory of liberalization holds up quite well to a critical reading of this literature. Most papers that find no effect of liberalization on real variables tell us nothing about the empirical validity of the theory because they do not really test it. This paper explains why it is that most studies do not really address the theory they set out to test. It also discusses what is necessary to test the theory and examines papers that have done so. Studies that actually test the theory show that liberalization has significant effects on the cost of capital, investment, and economic growth.
Local Inquiries and Council House Rents in Scotland 1958–71
Authors: Hartley Owen A.
Published: December 2007

Academic discussion of public inquiries in recent years has neglected the particular political nature of a number of them. A full-length book by R. E. Wraith and G. B. Lamb on the subject of Public Inquiries as an Instrument of Government neglects the element ‘instrument of government’ in favour of assessing the range of uses to which governments put the instrument. Wraith and Lamb do indeed note

‘… inquiries perform the very important political function of exposure: in several cases … the usefulness of inquiry provisions [in legislation] lies not in their use but in the fact that they are there, as a discouragement to potentially obstructive authorities or individuals. By the same token, the fact that a Minister may order an inquiry into anything he chooses, and thus expose hitherto unpublicised affairs to scrutiny, gives him a weapon which has political as well as administrative uses. On occasion, too, inquiries may serve other political purposes—by testing the strength of opposition, by giving independent sanction to political decisions, and even at times by deferring difficult or controversial decisions’.

However, Wraith and Lamb note that ‘for the most part inquiries are not affected by such considerations’.
A General Systems Approach to Public Policy Analysis
Authors: Schaefer Guenther F.
Published: December 2007

‘Policy’ has become a major preoccupation of political scientists in the last few years. Nevertheless, there is considerable intellectual unease about the published work, which has been characterised by inadequate conceptualisation and the concomitant failure to develop meaningful and useful taxonomies and theories, as well as by the unwillingness of researchers to question their methodology and to critically evaluate their findings in the light of existing theories of politics. It is the purpose of this paper to propose an approach based on general systems theory.

Political analysis has conventionally focused attention on the government and what it does. It has identified institutions and structures which perform certain functions, and the task of political science has been viewed as one of describing and explaining these institutions, structures, and functions. To accomplish this, it has been necessary to incorporate other groups (with structures and functions) that in one way or the other participate in politics. In addition, various kinds of linkages that exist between governmental and non-governmental institutions and processes have been specified and explained. Underlying this has been the assumption that government is somehow different from other social institutions and processes, deserving the special attention of a special discipline, political science.
Countryside Access and Environmental Protection: An American View of Britain's Right to Roam
Authors: Anderson Jerry L.
Published: December 2007

The right to roam adopted in the UK as part of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 increased the public's ability to use private lands, some of which include sensitive natural resources. This paper first compares UK public access law to that the US, including constitutional limitations. The paper then analyses the historical, cultural, and legal differences that result in the two countries' divergent views on how to provide for countryside access. Finally, the paper will compare US and UK mechanisms to protect the environment while providing for public recreation.
Tutira Mai Nga Iwi (Line up together, people): Constructing New Zealand identity through commercial radio
Authors: Dubber Andrew
Published: December 2007

This article addresses a controversy within New Zealand radio broadcasting policy. As part of its activities to ensure the promotion of New Zealand content in the media, the non-government public organisation New Zealand On Air funds music recordings, promotional videos, album promotion
and radio airplay initiatives targeted at the commercial broadcasting sector within that country. Supporters of the organisation, and its music sector agent provocateur Brendan Smyth, point to the increase in New Zealand music sales, improved concert attendance and greatly enhanced representation
in mainstream media and popular culture as evidence of the scheme's resounding success. In some popular music genres, New Zealand content has increased from under 2 representation on commercial radio playlists to over 20. Detractors argue that in attempting to increase the quantity of New
Zealand-sourced music that is broadcast, funders have favoured to the point of exclusion music that emulates international repertoire in order to appeal to conservative radio programmers, and in so doing have decimated that which makes New Zealand popular music uniquely kiwi. The article seeks
to shed light upon the conditions and decisions that led to this situation, rather than attempt to reconcile these two divergent positions. However, it also endeavours to point to some possible lessons that may be found in the case of New Zealand music radio for broadcasting policy-makers
and those who would seek to promote local music through radio programming interventions. The title of this article refers to a popular traditional Maori song often used in a powhiri ceremony, greeting newcomers to the marae. An exchange of songs takes place, and Tutira Mai is the Maori language
song most often learned by non-Maori speakers for the occasion. It is thus ingrained in both Maori and non-Maori New Zealand culture alike and is taken here as symbolic of a coherent bicultural New Zealand-ness, as problematic as that concept may be.
Janina Gesche, Aus zweierlei Perspektiven… Zur Rezeption der Danziger Trilogie von Günter Grass in Polen und Schweden in den Jahren 1958–1990. 2003
Authors: Łukosz Jerzy
Published: December 2007

Günter Grass gehört zu den Autoren, die weltweit übersetzt, verlegt und gelesen werden; dies gilt auch für seine Werke mit einer hermetisch innerdeutschen Problematik, deren interne Bezüge und Anspielungen, wie im Roman Ein weites Feld, im Ausland nicht ohne weiteres verstanden werden können. Ob dies an einer für Grass typischen Sichtweise liegt, die, allem Anschein zum Trotz, doch eine Außenperspektive ist und sich mit der Sicht eines Lesers im Ausland decken mag, wäre eine Frage, die Einzelrecherchen verdiente. Denn Distanz wird manchmal erst außerhalb des Raumes, in dem man in einem internen Code miteinander spricht, verständlich. So wird das Regionale europäisch.
David Clarke, ‘Diese merkwürdige Kleinigkeit einer Vision’. Christoph Hein's Social Critique in Transition. 2002 – Christoph Hein, Landnahme. Roman. 2004
Authors: Wehdeking Volker
Published: December 2007

In Heins Essay-Sammlung Die Mauern von Jerichow ist David Clarkes Titelzitat enthalten: „Es ist eine Besonderheit des Menschen, die ihn groß macht und ihn gefährdet, daß er diese merkwürdige Kleinigkeit einer Vision benötigt, um existieren zu können.“ Wie der Verfasser dieser zunächst als Dissertation an der University of Wales eingereichten, für den vorliegenden Druck als „extended version“ ausgeweiteten Fassung zu diesem Schlüsselzitat Heinscher Poetik und Sozialkritik anmerkt (S. 44), sind drei Aspekte für Heins Schreibintention in dem Zitat enthalten: die genau wiederzugebende persönliche Erfahrung, in die die ‚Vernunft des Herzens‘ individueller Perspektive ebenso eingeht, wie die Ideologie des jeweiligen Systems darin hinterfragt wird und jene von der eigenen Gemeinschaft geteilten ethischen und intellektuellen Werte mitenthält, aus denen sich diese ‚Vision‘ zusammensetzt.
Björn Kuhligk / Jan Wagner (Hgg.), Lyrik von JETZT. 74 Stimmen mit einem Vorwort von Gerhard Falkner. 2003
Authors: Wild Thomas
Published: December 2007

Kein Zweifel, die dominante Gattung der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur ist die Prosa. Saison für Saison strömen hunderte neuer Erzählwerke auf den Buchmarkt, auch magere Talente werden mit vergleichsweise üppigen Vorschüssen gefüttert und die Anerkennung als ‚wirklicher Autor‘ führt faktisch über die Schwelle eines – zumindest so bezeichneten – ‚Romans‘. Demgegenüber entfallen bestenfalls fünf Prozent der belletristischen Neuerscheinungen pro Jahr auf Lyrik und Dramatik. Letztere lebt freilich nicht vom Buchverkauf, sondern von der Aufführung beziehungsweise dem Besuch der Theaterstücke; so bietet, trotz massiver Subventionskürzungen, eine immer noch stattliche Anzahl von Bühnen auch jungen Dramatikern die Möglichkeit, mit ihren Arbeiten an die Öffentlichkeit zu treten.
Ulrike Gaebel / Erika Kartschoke (Hgg.), Böse Frauen – Gute Frauen. Darstellungskonventionen in Texten und Bildern des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit. 2001
Authors: Oswald Marion
Published: December 2007

Unter dem Titel Böse Frauen – Gute Frauen versammelt der interdisziplinär angelegte Band Studien, die auf ein Kolloquium zurückgehen, welches im Sommer 1998 im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes „Bilder von Liebe, Ehe und Familie in der deutschen Literatur des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts“ am Fachbereich Germanistik der Freien Universität Berlin stattfand. Versprochen werden – wenngleich weniger in systematischer Hinsicht als vielmehr anhand von „repräsentativen Fallbeispielen“ (S. 10) – Untersuchungen, die unterschiedlichste Entwürfe von Geschlechterverhältnissen in literarischen Texten und bildnerischen Darstellungen des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit rekonstruieren. Das Interesse der Analysen konzentriert sich hierbei besonders auf Weiblichkeitsdiskurse, die zwischen positiven Frauengestalten und Figurationen des übelen wîbes unterscheiden (S. 9f.).
Heinz Meyer, Die Enzyklopädie des Bartholomäus Anglicus. Untersuchungen zur Überlieferungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte von ‚De proprietatibus rerum‘. 2000
Authors: Coppola Maria Augusta
Published: December 2007

Der Liber de proprietatibus rerum des englischen Franziskaners Bartholomäus ist bekanntlich eines der erfolgreichsten Werke des Spätmittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit, ein ‚Bestseller‘ sozusagen. Seine Überlieferung ist sowohl zeitlich als auch räumlich außergewöhnlich ausgedehnt. Die Tradition der lateinischen Originalversion erstreckt sich auf zweieinhalb Jahrhunderte nach der Kompilation (die Abschlußzeit wird Anfang der vierziger Jahre des 13. Jahrhunderts angesetzt) und zählt 188 Handschriften (Fragmente und Werkauszüge ausgenommen); hinzu kommen eine Reihe von Bearbeitungen, die nach verschiedenen Prinzipien und Tendenzen erfolgten, und Übersetzungen in sieben Volkssprachen (Französisch, Englisch, Provenzalisch, Italienisch, Spanisch, Deutsch, Niederländisch), die im Laufe des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts entstanden, sowie Druckausgaben, die von der Inkunabelzeit bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts reichen. In diesem großen Überlieferungskomplex lassen sich verständlicherweise zahlreiche, nicht selten auch wesentliche Veränderungen der Konzeption und der Funktion des Werkes beobachten.
Hans Joachim Kreutzer, Faust. Mythos und Musik. München 2003
Authors: Fricke Harald
Published: December 2007

Auf dieses Buch hat man hoffen dürfen (aber lange warten müssen). Eine geradezu ideale Doppelkompetenz prädestiniert Hans Joachim Kreutzer zu diesem Unternehmen: Einerseits hat der Regensburger Emeritus seit Jahrzehnten über die Historia von D. Johann Fausten beziehungsweise über die problematische Kategorie des frühneuzeitlichen ‚Volksbuchs‘ gearbeitet und den Text im Kontext einer in Wolfenbüttel entdeckten Frühfassung neu herausgegeben. Andererseits gehört er seit langem zu den musikverständigsten germanistischen Libretto-Forschern und hat mit seinen Mozart-Büchern sowie vielen kleineren Studien wie nur wenige zur Erkundung der Grenzlandschaften zwischen Musik und Dichtung beigetragen.
Fabienne Malapert, Friedrich von Logau (1605–1655). L'art de l'épigramme. 2002
Authors: Wieckenberg Ernst-Peter
Published: December 2007

Das Buch Fabienne Malaperts ist eine überarbeitete Fassung der Thèse, die sie im Dezember 2000 der Université de Paris-Sorbonne vorgelegt hat. Nach einer Einleitung, in der die Verfasserin ihre Forschungsabsicht darlegt, behandelt sie in drei Teilen: 1. die Poetik des Epigramms von der Antike bis zum 17. Jahrhundert (S. 17–107), 2. das dichterische ‚Programm‘ („projet poétique“) Logaus (S. 109–228), 3. die epigrammatische Satire der Logauschen Sinn-Getichte (S. 229–384). Auf eine sechsseitige „Conclusion“ (S. 385–390) folgen dann eine ausführliche Bibliographie und ein Namenregister.
Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer / Johann Christoph Gottsched, Briefwechsel, Fabeln, Rezensionen. Hg. von Walter Hettche. 2003
Authors: Weißbrich Thomas
Published: December 2007

In der Reihe „Archiv“ des Aisthesis Verlages ist als vierter Band, nach der Neuherausgabe von Mendelssohns Jerusalem oder über religiöse Macht und Judentum, eine weitere Edition von Texten aus dem 18. Jahrhundert erschienen. Da Walter Hettche diese Ausgabe besorgt hat, der unlängst viel Lob für seine umsichtige Auswahl aus dem Werk Gleims erhielt, durfte die Neugierde auf diesen Band groß sein, zumal die Literaturgeschichtsschreibung Lichtwer zumeist nur beiläufig erwähnt und die Forschung sich bislang fast nur mit seinen Fabeln befaßt hat.
Martin Huber, Der Text als Bühne. Theatrales Erzählen um 1800. 2003
Authors: Achermann Eric
Published: December 2007

Nicht bloß metaphorisch will Martin Huber seinen Titel „Der Text als Bühne“ verstanden wissen. Vielmehr soll das Zusammentreffen von körperlicher Repräsentation, emotiver Interaktion und gedoppelter Beobachtung, das die Bühne als einen Raum sui generis konstituiert, literaturwissenschaftlich nutzbar gemacht werden. Nicht um das konkrete Theaterereignis also geht es hier, sondern um ein Theatermodell, das einerseits transgenerisch eine allgemeine Qualität von literarischen Texten hervortreten lasse, andererseits transdisziplinär ein spezifisches Kulturmodell darstelle. In der Theatralität nämlich gründe zum einen ein genuin literarisches Darstellungsverfahren, das – wie kein anderes – die Kommunikabilität von Gefühlen zu erklären vermöge; zum andern eröffne ein solches Modell die Sicht auf Bereiche, die von einer traditionellen Literaturwissenschaft ignoriert würden: Körperlichkeit, Emotionalität sowie Selbstgefühl und Selbstbewußtsein – Bereiche, die zusammen den Ort von Literatur in einer allgemeinen Kulturtheorie ausmachten.
Helga Neumann / Manfred Neumann, Maximilian Harden (1861–1927). Ein unerschrockener deutsch-jüdischer Kritiker und Publizist. 2003
Authors: Onderdelinden Sjaak
Published: December 2007

Biographien sind kontextabhängig. Das trifft immer zu, aber selten in einem solchen Maße wie bei der Biographie Maximilian Hardens. Als Politiker und Publizist gestaltete er die Zeitgeschichte mit, als Kommentator und Kritiker begleitete er sie schriftstellerisch. Von einer Biographie über ihn darf man also erwarten, daß sie interessante Schlaglichter auf die Wilhelminische Ära und auf die ersten Jahre der Weimarer Republik wirft. Man wird nicht enttäuscht.
Silke Pasewalck, „Die fünffingrige Hand“. Die Bedeutung der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung beim späten Rilke. 2002
Authors: Robertson Ritchie
Published: December 2007

While the importance of sensory perception in Rilke's work is generally acknowledged, the consensus till recently has been that its first phase is dominated by sight (the visuality of the Neue Gedichte, Malte's “Ich lerne sehen”), its later phase by hearing (the prominence of music in the Sonette an Orpheus). Silke Pasewalck questions this simple pattern. She finds a crisis of perception in Rilke's work around 1912–1914, recorded in his letters from Spain (where visual perception proved insufficient to respond to the Spanish landscape), in the Gedichte an die Nacht, and in the famous programmatic poem Wendung. Thereafter, she argues, the poetic response to the empirical world involves all five senses, including the ‘lower' senses of touch, taste and smell which were long considered beneath the dignity of poetry. Here the author is expanding an argument by Anke Bennholdt-Thomsen, the supervisor of the thesis on which this book is based, that space in the poetry of Rilke and Celan is constituted by the interplay of all the senses. Pasewalck develops this argument in great detail, drawing on a thorough knowledge of Rilke's work, Rilke scholarship, and theoretical reflections on epistemology and sense-perception since the Enlightenment.
Kai Kauffmann, Rudolf Borchardt und der ‚Untergang der deutschen Nation‘. Selbstinszenierung und Geschichtskonstruktion im essayistischen Werk. 2003
Authors: Fischer Jens Malte
Published: December 2007

Das Buch beginnt mit einem als Vorbemerkung deklarierten Paukenschlag. Einem Hinweis von Gerhard Schuster nachgehend hat der Verfasser herausgefunden, daß nicht etwa bereits Borchardts Großeltern väterlicherseits zum Christentum konvertierten, wie Borchardt selbst es dezidiert behauptete, wenn er diesen Prozeß nicht gar in noch grauere Vorzeiten verlegte (was bisher ungeprüft übernommen wurde), sondern erst die Eltern. Dies wirft in der Tat ein neues Licht auf Borchardts prekäres Verhältnis zum Judentum seiner Vorfahren; es läßt außerdem erkennen, daß die Verhaftung der Familie Borchardt in Italien 1944 unter den Auspizien einer möglichen „Volljude“-Deklaration für Borchardt nach NS-Terminologie zu sehen ist, beziehungsweise von ihm so gesehen werden mußte, mit den entsprechenden Konsequenzen, die dann durch eine verblüffende Wendung der Dinge nicht eintraten.
Karl Corino, Robert Musil. Eine Biographie. 2003 – Herbert Kraft, Musil. 2003
Authors: Zeller Rosmarie
Published: December 2007

Musils geniale Erfindung der Parallelaktion wirkt sich offensichtlich auch immer wieder in der Musil-Forschung aus. Nicht nur daß man lange Zeit die Herausgabe des Nachlasses in Parallelaktionen betrieb, auch Musils Biographie, die schon lange einer wissenschaftlichen Darstellung harrt, kommt jetzt gleich zweimal, wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Qualität auf den Markt. Wenn Corinos Biographie auf jahrzehnte-, ja lebenslangen Recherchen, auf der Suche nach Quellen, auf Kontakten mit Zeitgenossen Musils und auf umfangreichen Archivstudien basiert, so die Parallelaktion Krafts auf unkritisch rezipierten und willkürlich ausgewählten Sekundär- und Tertiärquellen. Weist Corino jedes Detail nach, recherchiert selbst Lebensdaten von Nebenpersonen, erklärt, in welchem Kontext die zitierten Quellen zu sehen sind, so fehlen bei Kraft die Nachweise für Zitate aus Musils Werk immer und auch sonst ist man oft aufs Raten angewiesen, woher die Zitate stammen. Dafür ist der Hochschullehrer stark, wenn es um das Verteilen von Zensuren geht und um Charakterisierungen ohne Belege. Wenn der langjährige Redakteur der Literaturabteilung des Hessischen Rundfunks sich an wissenschaftliche Standards hält, Archive durchforscht und sich bei Ärzten erkundigt, wie die Krankheiten Musils in Bezug auf Symptome und Gefährlichkeit einzuschätzen sind, so geht der Universitätsprofessor Kraft wie ein Journalist vor, der willkürlich herausgegriffene Zitate zu einem Porträt zusammensetzt, das sich ungefähr so ausnimmt wie Porträts in der Boulevardpresse, wo vor allem negative Züge einer Person hervorgehoben werden. Der Musil-Forscher beziehungsweise die Musil-Forscherin fragt sich, zu welchem Zweck Krafts Buch überhaupt geschrieben wurde. Es bietet weder neue Einblicke in Musils Texte noch in seine Biographie. Nach dem Klappentext zu schließen, scheint das Buch für ein größeres Publikum bestimmt zu sein, ist aber in einem hegelianisch unverständlichen Stil geschrieben. Wie man eine intelligente, wissenschaftlich fundierte und erst noch spannend zu lesende Biographie schreiben kann, zeigt die von Corino, welche zudem mit einem umfangreichen Literaturverzeichnis, einer ausführlichen Tafel mit Lebensdaten und einem Register sowie drei komfortablen Lesezeichenfäden ausgestattet ist. Die Parallelaktion ist noch nicht zu Ende, sie muß leider in der vorliegenden Rezension fortgeführt werden, obwohl es nicht ganz leicht ist, Bücher von so unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Qualität vergleichend zu besprechen. Man ist leicht versucht, dem schlechteren zu viel Gewicht zu geben.
Tim Mehigan, The Critical Response to Robert Musil's “The Man without Qualities”. 2003
Authors: Steiner Uwe C.
Published: December 2007

Musils monumentales Romanfragment stellt einmal den Begriff der Kultur unter Täuschungsverdacht. Wer wollte da nicht an die gegenwärtige Konjunktur der Vokabel denken, wie sie auffällig mit dem politisch, publizistisch und ökonomisch betriebenen Abbau ihrer realen Substrate korreliert, zumal im Namen des Populären? Da ist es kein schlechtes Zeichen, wenn ein notorisch viel gerühmter und wenig gelesener Roman gleichwohl, oder gerade deswegen, das öffentliche Interesse herausfordert. Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften erscheint aktueller denn je. Eine, vorsichtig ausgedrückt, idiosynkratische Polemik Reich-Ranickis zum Beispiel löste einiges Kopfschütteln aus. Corinos voluminöse Biographie und Krafts Studie sind aufmerksam besprochen worden. Und das Fachpublikum dürfte sich bald auf die CD-ROM-Edition von Musils sämtlichen Werken stürzen, die das Klagenfurter Musil-Institut vorbereitet.
One Vendor's Experience in Digitizing Pictorial Collections
Authors: Stokes John R.
Published: December 2007

JJT, Inc. (JJT) has been digitizing images from pictorial collections since shortly after its incorporation in 1995. However, its key imaging personnel's experience with digital images dates back to 1989 when they first used a Sony digital video camera and Targa board to capture images from 35mm film and generated digital intermediates in the process of creating videotape masters for making videodisc. At the time, digital images were a byproduct of the transfer process. These images have since been recovered and placed on the Internet as part of the Library of Congress American Memory project. They have continued to participate in the evolution of the digital image process.
The Online Leonard Bernstein Collection Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives
Authors: Meyer Lars
Published: December 2007

In recent months, the Library of Congress has continued to add to the growing collection of online resources at its American Memory Web site (
Laboratory Procedure to Obtain Well-Mixed Soil Binder Samples of Medium Stiff to Stiff Expansive Clayey Soil for Deep Soil Mixing Simulation
Authors: Bhadriraju Venkat , Puppala Anand J. , Madhyannapu Raja Sekhar , Williammee Richard
Published: December 2007

This paper presents a laboratory procedure to prepare well-mixed soil binder samples for simulation of deep soil mixing to stabilize medium stiff to stiff expansive clayey soils. Two natural clays were selected, and stabilized with lime, cement, and combinations of both at various proportions and dosages. Results obtained from tests conducted on identical specimens showed that the current soil-binder mixing and specimen preparation procedures have yielded homogenous and uniform treated clayey specimens. Engineering properties measured on the treated soil specimens were analyzed and ranked to arrive at the optimum binder dosages for field implementation. Concurrent mineralogical studies on selected specimens using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micrograph studies revealed the presence of pozzalonic compounds and interwoven threads in the treated samples indicative of the mixing and stabilizing phenomenon. The recommended chemical dosages were later implemented in a field deep mixing study to construct two test pads. Several in situ wet grab samples were collected from the treated ground and were subjected to strength and stiffness tests in the laboratory. Comparisons between test results from field cores and laboratory fabricated specimens showed a good match suggesting that the formulated test protocol has provided a reasonable simulation of the DM process.
Toe-Driven Tapered Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Self-Consolidating Concrete Composite Piles: New High-Performance Technology for Deep Foundations
Authors: Nehdi M. , Sakr M. , El Naggar M.-H.
Published: December 2007

Field experience shows that it has been often difficult to assure the structural integrity and uniformity of the cross-sectional area of cast-in-place concrete piles since cavities and soil pockets tend to form due to the lack of visibility and accessibility during construction. Moreover, corrosion in pre-stressed concrete, reinforced concrete, and steel shell piles has been very costly, exceeding $2 billion of annual repairs in the United States alone. This paper summarizes the findings of a comprehensive research program that was undertaken to develop novel technology that addresses both construction and durability related problems of piles. A new toe-driving technique was developed to install empty fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) shells into dense soils. A specially developed cost-effective self-consolidating concrete (SCC), a material that flows under gravity and assures the integrity of piles is subsequently cast into the FRP tubes, which provide corrosion-resistant reinforcement. Driving tests were carried out on large-scale model FRP-SCC and steel piles installed in dense dry sand enclosed in a pressure chamber using the new technique along with conventional hammering at the pile head. FRP-sand interface characteristics were evaluated. The pile specimens were instrumented to investigate their dynamic behavior during driving, and their response to static compressive, uplift, and lateral loading. Both cylindrical and tapered FRP-SCC piles were tested. It is shown that the new toe-driving technique is very suitable for installing FRP and other thin-walled piles in dense soils. Results from dynamic pile driving and static load tests indicate that FRP-SCC composite piles are a very competitive and attractive option for deep foundation applications.
Effect of Irradiation Damage on the Deformation Properties of Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tubes
Authors: Griffiths M. , Wang N. , Buyers A. , Donohue S. A.
Published: December 2007

The diametral expansion, elongation, and sag rates of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in CANDU® (CANada Deuterium Uranium) nuclear reactors are important properties that limit their useful life and the maximum power level for reactor operation. As a result irradiation creep models are needed to predict the deformation behavior of the core components over the reactor life. It is important to know the creep behavior as a function of neutron flux in order to develop creep models over the range of operating conditions in the reactor core. At the edge of the reactor core, the neutron flux is decreasing very rapidly and there is a complex transition in creep behavior from irradiation-dominated creep to thermal-dominated creep. Also, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, fracture toughness, and delayed hydride-cracking are changing in the transition from thermal to irradiation conditions at the edge of the reactor core.

Detailed studies have been completed on a Zr-2.5Nb tube irradiated in the NRU materials test reactor at Chalk River Laboratories. Pressure tube 601 was operating for a period of 66 950 h at temperatures ranging from about 547 K at the inlet and 571 K at the outlet. After the tube was removed in 1988 samples were taken for retrospective dosimetry to determine the fast neutron flux along the assembly. It was determined that the tube had been irradiated to a peak fluence of about 6×1025 n⋅m−2 corresponding to a fast neutron flux of about 2×1017 n⋅m−2⋅s−1. The flux profile was mapped and it was clear that the flux dropped rapidly to negligible values at about 0.5 m from the ends of the fueled zone. Samples of pressure tubes were taken for hardness testing and characterization by TEM and XRD analysis at various locations corresponding with different operating conditions (neutron flux and temperature) but at the same time. The creep behavior during operation was obtained by periodic gaging of the pressure tube internal diameter.

The results of the microstructure characterization are presented and discussed in relation to the measured mechanical properties (creep and hardness). The microstructure and mechanical properties change significantly in the transition from the unirradiated state up to fluxes of about 1×1017 n⋅m−2⋅s−1.
Deformation Anisotropy of Annealed Zircaloy-2 as a Function of Fast Neutron Fluence
Authors: Wei X. , Theaker J. R. , Griffiths M.
Published: December 2007

For unirradiated Zircaloys, plastic deformation occurs mostly by ⟨a⟩-type dislocation glide on prismatic planes. The critical resolved shear stress of the prismatic slip system is lower than that of the other deformation systems (⟨a⟩ slip on basal planes, and ⟨a⟩ or ⟨c+a⟩ slip on pyramidal planes, and twinning). This means that the yield strength (and ultimate tensile strength) for directions with a strong basal pole texture is higher than directions with a strong prism pole texture. Irradiation increases the yield stress on all slip planes due to the formation of dislocation loops that act as barriers to slip. Experimental evidence from Zircaloy-2 samples irradiated at 70°C suggests that the increase in critical resolved yield stress due to irradiation is lower for basal compared with prism planes.
London Avant-Garde Round-Up
Authors: Hamlyn Nicky
Published: December 2007

This article surveys avant-garde moving-image work in London, 2006–07, ranging from 16mm films by young local artists, to video installations in Battersea Power Station by Chinese artists, to events at Tate Modern. The article also includes venue information and a listing of web resources.
Teaching Hanford History in the Classroom and in the Field
Authors: BAUMAN ROBERT
Published: December 2007

This article explores the opportunities and challenges of using public history to teach the history of a controversial site like the Hanford Nuclear Reservation to undergraduate students. The Hanford site is often either celebrated as a place of heroic, scientific pioneers or denigrated as a disgraceful atomic wasteland. The author of the article demonstrates that incorporating public historians into his courses has provided students with broadened and more nuanced understandings of the representations and interpretations of Hanford's often contested past and present. The essay also suggests additional benefits to introducing undergraduate students to public history.