bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Como conseguir a sua Doxi-PEP?”: vulnerabilidades e rotas críticas encontradas por homens no itinerário terapêutico no Brasil
Authors: Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes de , Sousa Anderson Reis de
Published: February 2025

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o contexto de uso da profilaxia pós-exposição baseada em doxiciclina (Doxi-PEP) para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo com 32 participantes HSH, selecionados por meio de redes sociais. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando questionários online, que incluíam perguntas abertas sobre experiências com a Doxi-PEP, acesso a medicamentos e interações com o sistema de saúde. As respostas foram analisadas usando o software IRaMuTeQ para classificação hierárquica descendente e análise temática reflexiva. Os resultados revelaram três categorias principais: (1) acesso e manejo da profilaxia pós-exposição, em que os participantes relataram dificuldades em obter a Doxi-PEP devido a restrições de prescrição e falta de informação; (2) percepções e conhecimentos sobre riscos e prevenção, que destacou uma mistura de conhecimento e desinformação sobre IST e estratégias de prevenção; (3) dinâmicas sociais e comportamentais, demonstrando como interações sociais e estigma influenciam práticas de prevenção. Este estudo também indicou a automedicação e o armazenamento de medicamentos como práticas comuns. Foram identificadas múltiplas barreiras no acesso e no manejo da Doxi-PEP entre HSH no Brasil, influenciadas por fatores individuais, sociais e programáticos. É imperativo desenvolver estratégias de saúde pública que melhorem o acesso e a informação sobre a Doxi-PEP entre os HSH, além de abordagens que reduzam o estigma associado às IST.
Representação e representatividade nos conselhos de saúde: entre a formalização e a legitimidade participativa
Authors: Barros Edna Moreira , Patrício Bispo-Júnior José , Soares Luzia Célia Batista , Serapioni Mauro
Published: February 2025

Resumo: A atuação dos representantes sociais exerce grande influência sobre o desempenho dos conselhos de saúde e a qualidade da gestão participativa no Sistema Único de Saúde. Este artigo objetivou analisar os mecanismos de representação e as formas de representatividade no âmbito de conselhos de saúde em municípios de diferentes portes populacionais. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos realizado em Vitória da Conquista, Guanambi e Urandi, na Bahia, Brasil. Os dados e informações foram obtidos por meio da análise de documentos, observação de reuniões plenárias e entrevistas com 30 conselheiros de saúde. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se uma matriz teórica estruturada em cinco dimensões: processo de escolha dos representantes; relação entre representantes e representados; tipos de interesse representados; critérios para definição de posicionamentos; e prática participativa. Os resultados demonstraram o predomínio de critérios não eleitorais para a escolha dos representantes. A relação entre representantes e representados é marcada pelo isolamento do representante e reduzida prestação de contas. Predominou a consciência individual na definição de posicionamentos por parte dos conselheiros. A representação nos conselhos de saúde também se mostrou influenciada pelo porte populacional dos municípios. No município de menor população, evidenciou-se consistentes fragilidades para o exercício da representação. Os resultados demonstraram insuficiências do processo representativo. Ressalta-se a necessidade de aproximação entre representantes e representados e a importância da valorização do conhecimento experiencial como elemento capaz de conceder legitimidade à representação.
Reproductive biology and habitat characterization of the Scorpion Mud Turtle Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone region, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Medeiros A. M. , Rodrigues C. A. L. , Pereira E. P. , Cunha F. A. G. , Ferreira D. I. S. , Chaves E. P. , Chaves L. P. F. A. , Lima B. C. , Pereira L. A. , Sousa A. L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract In this study, we sampled populations of Scorpion Mud Turtles, Kinosternon scorpioides, in rivers and flooded plains of the eastern Brazilian Amazon in order to obtain information on its reproductive biology as well as the geospatial description of its habitat. The research was conducted in the basins of the Pericumã and Aurá Rivers, located in the environmental protection area of the Baixada Maranhense. Seven collections were made over a period of 24 months; 206 animals were captured (101 males and 105 females), with 18 recaptures (8.6%) and a displacement record of 7.41 km. In the Aurá River basin, we recorded six nests of K. scorpioides buried in association with a plant of the genus Andropogon sp. Turtles were observed in a variety of environments in a distribution completely dependent on seasonal changes in its habitat, fluctuating between aquatic and terrestrial microhabitats along with seasonal rains and dry periods and food availability. This study adds data on the ecology and knowledge of the dynamics and habitats of K. scorpioides in relation to conservation strategies of these and other turtles that use these flooded plains as habitat and survive despite many anthropogenic disturbances in the region.
Epidemiological, clinical, and obstetrical profile of women who used medicinal plants during labor and delivery: a retrospective survey in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region, Morocco
Authors: Kamel N. , El Boullani R. , Cherrah Y.
Published: February 2025

Abstract In Morocco, pregnant women commonly use phytotherapy to facilitate childbirth. However, data on the safety and effects of medicinal plants during labor remain scarce and limited from a toxicological point of view. This retrospective descriptive study investigates the epidemiological, clinical and obstetric profiles of women who used medicinal plants during labor and delivery at the regional hospital of Guelmim. Data were collected from the records of women who gave birth between 2015 and 2021. A total of 22 523 files were examined, including 216 cases of women who had used medicinal plants during labor and delivery. Among these women, 57.8% were young primigravidas and primiparous women, the majority (83.79%) having received prenatal care and 78.24% of women having been admitted in the latency phase. In 65% of cases, delivery took place vaginally, with a significant reduction in the duration of labor. Nevertheless, 34.72% of women underwent a caesarean section. Complications were noted in 58.79% of cases: foetal and neonatal distress, post-partum haemorrhage, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, uterine hyperkinesis, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal death and perineal tears. These complications occurred in women who had used medicinal plants such as Lepidium sativum L., Crocus sativus L., Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. and Peganum harmala L, raising about a possible link. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of these plants and their consequences for maternal-foetal health. The frequent association of these plants with adverse effects suggests that they may contribute to the complications observed during labor and delivery. Further research is needed to assess the risks in the obstetric context and establish clear recommendations on its use.
Distribution of powdery mildew resistance genes in the Kazakhstan apple cultivar collection
Authors: Galymbek K. , Kuan A. , Kaldybayeva D. , Abdikarimova R. , Bakirov S. , Aitymbet Z. , Madenova A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract The monogenic resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) of apple trees is crucial when selecting them. DNA markers allow it to differentiate apple cultivars by individual resistance traits and determine prospective genotypes with high reliability. The presented research determines the results of molecular genetics and phytopathological analyses of apple cultivars on loci Pl-2, Pl-1, Pl-w, and Pl-d for reactions to powdery mildew. The molecular screening procedure involved using seven gene-specific markers (EM M01, EM M02, AT20-450, OPN18 SCAR, OPU02 SCAR, dr70F/dr339, and dr55F/dr336R). The resistance genes Pl-1, Pl-2, Pl-w, and Pl-d were amplified in 30 of the 34 research cultivars, with 8 Kazakh and 26 other country apple cultivars among the ones researched, according to the results of a molecular screening. Although resistance genes are still helpful for breeding, they are only recommended for use in extended pyramids of multiple resistant genes. Several cultivars are excellent candidates for additional breeding programs against powdery mildew and for pyramiding the Podosphaera leucotricha resistant genes in new cultivars.
Use of Trichoderma harzianum on the performance of young Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae) plants in response to drought
Authors: Vitali K. F. , Ximenez G. R. , Guerreiro R. G. O. , Silva T. M. , Romagnolo M. B. , Pastorini L. H.
Published: February 2025

Abstract Climate change is among the main causes of alterations in natural ecosystems, generating major impacts on native vegetation. Drought is considered one of the main threats to ecosystems under global climate change since it limits growth and the mobilization of carbohydrates, alters the photosynthetic rate, decreases productivity, and can cause higher rates of plant mortality. Studies have been using species of the fungus Trichoderma in the inoculation of plants under conditions of water stress, such as drought, however, its use in native tree plants is still scarce. Considering that Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd (Fabaceae) is a tree species found preferentially in humid or flooded regions and can be used in the recovery of degraded areas, the aim is to analyze the performance of young plants of I. laurina, inoculated and not inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum and kept in conditions of moderate drought and in pot capacity. After 21 days, we evaluated the length of the aerial part and root, the fresh and dry mass of the root, stem, and leaves, the number of leaves and the diameter of the collar, the total soluble carbohydrate content of the leaves and roots and the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the plants from each treatment. The results were statistically analyzed using the GraphPrim 8.0 statistical program. Plants kept in moderate drought, whether inoculated or not, showed no significant difference in terms of growth parameters. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoid contents were lower in the plants under moderate drought as compared to the non-inoculated control plants, while the chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher in the inoculated plants. The content of total soluble carbohydrates was higher in the leaves of plants kept in moderate drought, with no significant difference observed in the roots of plants kept in the different treatments. When comparing leaves and roots for each treatment, there was a higher total soluble carbohydrate content in the roots, regardless of the treatment. Overall, there was a positive effect of T. harzianum in promoting growth and protecting I. laurina; the inoculated plants performed similarly to the plants in the control condition.
Incidence of opportunistic diseases after the “treat all” strategy: 10 years cohort for HIV
Authors: Nascimento R. O. , Minan B. M. , Duarte L. C. G. C. , Panjwani C. M. B. R. G. , Ferreira S. M. S. , França G. M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract High active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and reduced the development of opportunistic diseases, supporting a strategy introduced in 2014, which sought to enhance prevention with early treatment and for all. This was a retrospective and comparative cohort study before and after the implementation of “treat all” strategy, based on primary and secondary data, extracted from the medical records followed at the Specialized Care Service between 2009 and 2018 and from public databases. Of the 892 patients selected, 790 were active, 28 abandoned treatment and 40 died, 92%, 3.3% and 4.7%, respectively. About 440 (51.2%) started follow-up between 2009 and 2013, before the “treat all” strategy, and 417 (48.9%) started follow-up after 2014, when the national recommendation was already the “treat all” strategy. A total of 508 (58.2%) male patients were counted, the mean age was 33.5 years on the date of entry, most of them had a total of 8 to 11 years of study (21.1%) and about 6.5% of the patients were illiterate. The main routes of HIV transmission were heterosexual intercourse (67.95%) and MSM (men who have sex with men) (31%). The mean CD4 cell count at presentation was 392 cells/mm3 and 23% of participants had a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3. Elevated levels of viral load were found at entry, with 30% having at least 100,000 copies/mL. During the ten years of observation, there were 245 episodes of opportunistic diseases. The five most common opportunistic diseases during the study period were tuberculosis (28.6%), herpes zoster (23.3%), oral candidiasis (15.5%), neurotoxoplasmosis (11.4%) and pneumocystosis (6.1%). Forty patients died during the study period, 4.7% of the total. There was a reduction in opportunistic infections in the second group of the study, especially for oral candidiasis (p = 0.03), as well as a better response to LogCV treatment (1.28±1.97). It is concluded that the diagnosis and treatment strategy has shown over the years an effective reduction in opportunistic infections.
Impact of polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite resin and thermomechanical cycling on dentin bond strength
Authors: PIMENTEL Maria Isabel Guimarães Carvalho Ribeiro , KANTOVITZ Kamila Rosamilia , TURSSI Cecília Pedroso , AMARAL Flávia Lucisano Botelho do , BASTING Roberta Tarkany , MARTINS Leandro de Moura , FRANÇA Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
Published: February 2025

Abstract This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and fracture pattern of direct composite resin reinforced with polyethylene fiber (Ribbond®) on dentin substrate after thermomechanical cycling (TMC). Dentin blocks (dentin thickness=2 mm) were obtained from forty human third molars and randomly divided into four groups (n=10) according to type of restoration (composite resin with or without Ribbond®) and to whether they were or were not subjected to TMC (100,000 cycles of 50 N / 2 Hz / 1-minute baths of 5 and 55ºC). The 1-mm-thick square-shaped specimens were submitted to μTBS testing in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. The fracture patterns were assessed by stereoscopic magnifying glass (30X magnification). The μTBS (in MPa) and failure pattern data were subjected to the generalized linear model and G tests (a=0.05). Neither the polyethylene fiber nor TMC had any statistically significant effect (p=0.196 and p=0.136, respectively) on the μTBS of the composite resin to dentin. Adhesive failures were more prevalent in the composite resin group compared with the Ribbond-containing group when subjected to TMC. Additionally, the composite resin containing Ribbond® showed a higher proportion of cohesive failures in composite resin than the resin groups not containing this fiber, irrespective of TMC. It was concluded that reinforcing the direct layer of composite resin with Ribbond® polyethylene fiber did not influence the adhesive resistance to dentin, even when subjected to TMC. However, its incorporation did result in a higher frequency of cohesive failures in resin after TMC.
Sexuality and human rights: SATZ-BR as an intervention strategy in a school context
Authors: Rocha Kátia Bones , Gomes Gustavo Affonso , Hamann Cristiano , Schnor Amanda Costa , Oliveira Fernanda dos Santos , Pontel Vinícius Perinetto , Pizzinato Adolfo
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Contemporary studies explain how sexuality is a contextual and relational dimension of human life. This reading of sexuality has gradually posed new challenges to notions relating to health but has also, by extension, put tension in the field of the guarantee of fundamental human rights. It is no coincidence that international and national entities have highlighted the need for psychosocial interventions in an educational context, as a strategic space for guaranteeing rights at the interface with sexuality. Given the need, verified in international literature, for longitudinal, contextual interventions that are not restrictive to a physicalist reading of sexuality, the present study aims to present the adaptation of the intervention protocol South Africa and Tanzania (SATZ) for Brazil. In view of the adjustments made in this adaptation, including greater openness to gender and sexuality dissent, greater emphasis on dialogic aspects, and participation of the school community, SATZ-BR is in line with human rights, with the 2030 Agenda for Development Sustainable and with the guidelines of the Brazilian national curricular plan.
Against The Achilles' Heel: A Survey on Red Teaming for Generative Models
Authors: Lin Lizhi , Mu Honglin , Zhai Zenan , Wang Minghan , Wang Yuxia , Wang Renxi , Gao Junjie , Zhang Yixuan , Che Wanxiang , Baldwin Timothy , Han Xudong , Li Haonan
Published: February 2025

Generative models are rapidly gaining popularity and being integrated into everyday applications, raising concerns over their safe use as various vulnerabilities are exposed. In light of this, the field of red teaming is undergoing fast-paced growth, highlighting the need for a comprehensive survey covering the entire pipeline and addressing emerging topics. Our extensive survey, which examines over 120 papers, introduces a taxonomy of fine-grained attack strategies grounded in the inherent capabilities of language models. Additionally, we have developed the “searcher” framework to unify various automatic red teaming approaches. Moreover, our survey covers novel areas including multimodal attacks and defenses, risks around LLM-based agents, overkill of harmless queries, and the balance between harmlessness and helpfulness.
Warning: This paper contains examples that may be offensive, harmful, or biased.
Ecological Assessment of Water Quality of the Zaporizhzhya (Dnipro) Reservoir near the Monastyrsky Island under Conditions of the War
Authors: Marenkov O. M. , Kurchenko V. O. , Nesterenko O. S. , Yakubenko O. O. , Shmagailo M. O. , Hamolin A. V. , Zudikov A. O. , Angurets O. V.
Published: February 2025

The hydrochemical characteristics of the Zaporizhzhya (Dnipro) Reservoir near the Monastyrsky Island were studied under conditions of the war using the stationary station «Nayada-2». Water quality was assessed for communal and household needs and fishery. In addition, water quality was assessed in terms of salt composition and tropho-saprobiological indices. It has been found that during the whole period of investigations the water in the studied section in terms of the indices of ChODcr did not meet standard values for communal and household needs and fishery. In summer, the values of BOD5 exceeded standard values for fishery, and the concentration of oxygen decreased. The increase in the values of ChODcr and BOD5 is indicative of pollution by organic substances. In terms of the salt composition, the water in the studied section can be assigned to the class and category «excellent», and in terms of the level of purity (pollution) - «very clean». On the whole, the water of the studied section is favorable for the development of hydrobionts and suitable for communal and household needs. The work also provides recommendations for conducting research of aquatic ecosystems in wartime. It is proposed to use mathematical and cartographic modeling and implementation of systems for remote sampling of water and components of aquatic ecosystems for their further diagnosis, which will help reduce the risks to human life when taking hydrobiological samples. This study is an important work for further assessment of the impact of the war on the ecosystem of the Zaporizhzhya (Dnipro) Reservoir and the calculation of the damage caused.
Assessment of Algal Communities of the Lower Swat Canal and Its Tributaries in the Charsadda District, Pakistan
Authors: Fahad Shah , Hussain Fida , Khuram Izaz
Published: February 2025

To assess the algal communities of the lower Swat canal and its tributaries of Tehsil Tangi of the Charsadda district, Pakistan samples were taken at various sites differing in the level of contamination. The physiochemical parameters of the river water were also determined. Investigations were carried out during the spring season (March to May) of 2021. A total of 81 species belonging to 40 genera were identified, among which Bacillariophyta (64.2 %) with 52 species and 26 genera were the dominant group. They were followed by Chlorophyta (27.2 %) with 22 species and 10 genera, and Cyanophyta (8.6 %) with 7 species and 4 genera. To evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the algal communities, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed. The CCA revealed water temperature, resistivity, electrical conductivity, salinity, copper and sodium content, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity as CaCO3 and magnesium as CaCO3 , and total hardness as CaCO3 as significant factors influencing freshwater algal communities. Higher algal diversity was registered downstream, which showed that the aquatic ecosystem of the lower Swat canal has high self-purification capability with reported algal communities. The recorded physiochemical parameters of the water showed that the nutrients present were sufficient for the growth of algal communities.
Upgrade of a conventional railway line regarding energy efficiency
Authors: Aroso Alberto , Bugarín Miguel Rodríguez
Published: February 2025

Most of the research addressing energy efficiency improvements on existing conventional railway lines is essentially from the point of view of train operation and does not analyse the possibilities that small actions on the railway infrastructure can bring. This fact is particularly significant for freight trains, whose movement is severely conditioned by uphill gradients, crossing points and speed restrictions. This article considers a conventional railway line, assessing the results, from the point of view of energy efficiency gains, of local upgrades of the existing railway infrastructure. The results obtained show that surgical interventions on existing railway infrastructure would improve the energy efficiency of freight trains, which is part of decarbonisation policies and the fight against climate change. This kind of analysis can constitute a new contribution to decision-making processes, which will contribute to the achievement of the objectives assumed by the European Union.
Ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement without circulatory arrest
Authors: Boldyrev S.Yu. , Tyutyunikov P.K. , Abidzakh S.B. , Sapunov V.A. , Raff S.A. , Ivashchuk V.Yu. , Tolstykh I.V. , Barbukhatti K.O.
Published: February 2025

Circulatory arrest is the main method used in surgical interventions for prosthetics of the proximal aorta. However, recently, facts have been discovered that prove the benefits of avoiding circulatory arrest during planned and emergency surgical interventions. We present a clinical case of planned prosthetics of the ascending section and the aortic arch with a Intergard Woven 28 mm multibranch prosthesis without circulatory arrest in conditions of mild hypothermia. The patient was extubated 5 hours after the operation, and was discharged home in satisfactory condition on the 7th day. The rejection of circulatory arrest made it possible to reduce the duration of surgery, the duration of hospitalization and complications associated with hypoperfusion of organs and tissues that occur during cooling of patients.
Blood transfusion at the stages of evacuation of the wounded in military conflicts of the XIX century
Authors: Sergeeva M.S. , Krylov N.N.
Published: February 2025

During the 19th century, the scope of blood transfusion was significantly expanded. Along with obstetric practice, hemotransfusion has been actively used in the fight against acute blood loss in combat and traumatic injuries. New broad opportunities for the development of the method were obtained during numerous military campaigns of the XIX century, accompanied by an increase in the destructive power of firearms and the number of wounded who died from acute massive bleeding on the battlefield. The article examines how high hopes for the introduction of blood transfusion among the means of helping the wounded were replaced by a complete rejection of its use outside inpatient medical institutions.
Preliminary results of fluorescent lymphography in patients with biliary cancer undergoing liver resection
Authors: Polyakov A.N. , Korshak A.V. , Kotelnikov A.G. , Sagaidak I.V. , Kudashkin N.E. , Batalova M.V. , Umirzokov A.Sh. , Podluzhny D.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic capability of intraoperative fluorescence lymphography (FLG) in detecting of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and lymph outflow pathways in patients with biliary cancer (BC). Material and methods. From April 2023 till March 2024, ten liver resections for BC were performed using FLG. We carried out the standard lymph node dissection with additional removal of lymph nodes (LN) that have accumulated indocyanine green (ICG). The lymphatic outflow pathways in all patients and frequency of SLN invasion were evaluated. Results. Ten patients were included: five patients had been diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), two — with perichilar tumor (PT), the last three ones had gallbladder cancer (GBC). SLN No. 1 were detected in eight patients, the accumulation of ICG was detected in the following groups of LN: No. 8 (n=2), No. 13 (n=1), No. 12b (n=2), cystic lymph node (n=2), and No. 7 (n=1). SLN No. 2 was detected in seven patients. In three cases LN No. 13 were stained, in one — LN No. 12a, in another — LN No. 8. In two patients, staining of vesicular LN was noted. The combined morphological assessment of SLN No. 1 and SLN No. 2 made it possible to predict the presence of LN metastases in all patients (100%, n=3). Fluorescence of third-order LN was detected in four patients. In one case, the staining of LN No. 13 was noted. Another patient revealed accumulation of ICG in LN No. 3. In two cases, at the third stage, fluorescence of LN No. 7 was noted, while metastatic invasion of LN No. 7 was detected in one patient with IHCC. Conclusion. Using FLG, it was possible to determine an alternative lymph flow outpath to LN No. 7 in three patients. The method allowed to identify and remove metastatic LN No. 7 in one case. 100% sensitivity was shown in the determination of SLN in BC in a small group of patients. It is advisable to study the sensitivity of the method in large-scale studies.
Robotic and thoracoscopic surgeries for anterior mediastinal neoplasms
Authors: Bagatelia Z.A. , Parshin V.D. , Grekov D.N. , Glotov E.M. , Yakomaskin V.N. , Lebedev S.S. , Chekini A.K. , Chetverikova E.A.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic (VTS) minimally invasive surgeries for anterior mediastinal neoplasms. Material and methods. The study involved 74 patients who underwent surgeries for anterior mediastinal neoplasms between 2020 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (RATS, 33 patients) and group 2 (VTS, 41 patients). The following parameters were evaluated: surgery time, incidence of postoperative complications, pain syndrome and recovery time. Results. Duration of RATS was significantly shorter (mean 120 min) compared to VTS (140 min) (p< 0.05). Postoperative pain was also lower in the RATS group (4.5 vs. 6.0 points) (p< 0.05). The incidence of complications was lower in the same group that contributed to earlier recovery. Conclusion. Robot-assisted surgeries are preferable for anterior mediastinal tumors. The advantages of RATS include shorter surgery time, lower pain and complication rate. Thus, this approach is more advisable in high-risk patients.
Influential factors on dental students’ online learning experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic, Gauteng
Authors: Malele-Kolisa Yolanda , Forbay Kim , Kayamba Natasha , Sibeko Sibongile , Tlakane Mpinane , Vally Safiyyah
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the perceptions and practices of the 2021 dental student cohort toward online learning. In 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to measure practices and perceptions at a tertiary dental school in Gauteng, South Africa.
Chemical Quality of Irrigation Waters in Southwestern Kansas
Authors: Hathaway L.R. , Carr B.L. , Flanagan M.A. , Galle O.K. , Waugh T.C , Dickey H.P. , Magnuson L.M.
Published: February 2025

Two-hundred-sixty-four pumping irrigation wells were sampled in Stanton, Grant, Haskell, Morton, Stevens, Seward, Meade, and southern Gray counties and adjoining portions of Hamilton, Kearny, Finney and, northern Gray counties during July 1976. The general quality of these waters, with the exception of an area west of the Crooked Creek-Fowler fault complex in Meade County, places them in the medium to high salinity hazard and low alkali hazard ranges. Waters in the area west of the fault complex in Meade County are of a Na-Cl type and may fall in the medium to high alkali hazard range.
SPITSYM, A FORTRAN IV Computer Program for Spit Simulation
Authors: McCullagh M.J. , King C.A.M.
Published: February 2025

The development and operation of a program to simulate the formation of a shingle spit is described. This includes a detailed account of action of the subroutines that simulate the four major processes that are thought to act on the spit. The simulation relies on stochastic techniques and the program is concerned with building a spit in a 50-row by 60-column matrix so that the results of the process are graphically displayed. The example illustrating use of the program is the Hurst Castle spit on the Hampshire coast of England.
FORTRAN IV Program for Harmonic Trend Analysis using Double Fourier Series and Regularly Gridded Data for the GE 625 Computer
Authors: Harbaugh J.W. , Sackin M.J.
Published: February 2025

This publication describes a computer program designed for analysis of surfaces using double Fourier series. Analysis of surfaces in geology is known commonly as trend analysis; in statistics and economics, the technique is regarded as a form of regression analysis. In trend or regression analysis, a mathematical function is fitted to data points so that the function satisfies the least-squares criterion, which is a criterion of "best" fit.
Jianpi Yiqi Busui prescription alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th17 through the TAK1/P38 MAPK/eIF-4E signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhuming , Lu Jing , Chang Tianying , Zhang Dongmei , Zhang Yibin , Liu Miao , Wu Tong , Xv Peng , Wang Jian
Published: February 2025

Jianpi Yiqi Busui Prescription (JYBP), a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCM), is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). However, its mechanisms of action still require further clarification. In this study, an experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) rat model was established for research. Changes in body weight, forelimb grip strength, Lennon clinical score, and antifatigue ability of EAMG model rats were recorded to evaluate the effectiveness of JYBP. Flow cytometry was utilized to count Th17, Th1, Th2, and Treg cells in lymphocytes. ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to measure acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) and Th17-related cytokines, including IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression levels of key proteins and their phosphorylated forms, such as transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E). The results indicate that JYBP can increase the body weight of EAMG model rats, improve grip strength and antifatigue ability, and reduce the Lennon clinical score and AChR-Ab concentration. Mechanistic studies indicate that JYBP can inhibit the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 and Th1, promote their differentiation into Th2 and Treg, and regulate the expression of Th17-related cytokines. Further research shows that JYBP can reduce the expression of related proteins in the TAK1/P38 MAPK/eIF-4E signaling pathway. In conclusion, JYBP can alleviate the condition of EAMG model rats, positively affecting MG treatment. The inhibitory effect of JYBP on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 may be related to the TAK1/P38 MAPK/eIF-4E signaling pathway.
В ногу со временем. Сокращенное пребывание в настоящем
Authors: Люббе Герман
Published: February 2025

В динамической цивилизации модерна увеличивается скорость обовления науки и техники, искусства и экономики, политики и права. Уменьшается период времени устойчивой работы и жизни. Наше пребывание в настоящем сокращается. Время становится ограниченным, а потому нуждается в социальной и технической организации — как среда координации наших действий. В работе Германа Люббе разворачивается широкая панорама темпоральной структуры нашей цивилизации. Почему прогресс, устремленный в будущее, умножает число форм исторической культуры? Почему художественный и интеллектуальный авангардизм склоняется к поддержке тоталитарных режимов? Как архивы и библиотеки справляются с нарастающим потоком информации? Таковы только некоторые из вопросов, на которые дает ответы эта книга.
Издание предназначено для ученых, студентов и всех, кто стремится ориентироваться в современных культурных процессах.
Mitigating pedagogical challenges through culture-based approach: Javanese language learning in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Harwati Lusia Neti , Sathian Mala Rajo
Published: February 2025

Javanese is a vernacular language used in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The dominance of the national language, Bahasa Indonesia, in the country’s curriculum is commonly presumed as a threat to the survival of Javanese. Thus, the Yogyakarta administrators have attempted to preserve Javanese through the education sector, strengthened through provincial regulations that focus on providing quality education based on Javanese cultural values. This paper examines students’ perceptions of the importance and challenges of Javanese learning based on data obtained from sixth grade students and 4 Javanese language teachers from two schools in Yogyakarta. The findings through questionnaire, classroom observation, and focus group discussion reveal that both teachers and students are mainly challenged in learning Javanese owing to the complexity of Javanese speech levels and the obligation to use students’ worksheet with specific learning targets in each semester. Despite the challenges, these aspects are viewed as necessary components of learning process and fundamental in fostering competence in Javanese language that forms an integral part of the people’s identity. Creative ways to learn Javanese through culture-based approach is essential. The position of the vernacular in Yogyakarta viewed from the intersectional lens of language nationalism and globalization indicate that Javanese is threatened less due to the predominance of Bahasa Indonesia. Rather, its complex learning process in view of the rapid technological and globalized ways of learning poses a bigger challenge.
Implementación de una cultura de autoevaluación integral en la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia: retrospectiva de 1993 a 2023
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Yepes-Delgado Fanny Lucía , Acevedo-Gil Diana Patricia ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: February 2025

Introducción: desde el año 1993, la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia ha venido desarrollando procesos de autoevaluación con fines de aseguramiento de su calidad académica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el efecto de dicho proceso en la implementación de una cultura de autoevaluación y mejoramiento. Métodos: estudio cualitativo (estudio de caso), en cuyo desarrollo acoge algunas técnicas etnográficas. El estudio comprendió cuatro fases: diagnóstico de cómo la comunidad académica concibe la autoevaluación, descripción de principales resultados, reseña histórica de hallazgos entre 1993-2023, y propuesta de una herramienta para gestión de la información. Se aplicó una encuesta a 40 representantes de la comunidad académica. Luego de la categorización, triangulación y análisis de los datos, se identificaron maneras de percibir el proceso; se validaron y socializaron los resultados. Resultados: se realiza autoevaluación con objetivos como evaluación de proceso, registro calificado, apertura de cohorte para posgrados y acreditación de alta calidad. Algunas veces se concibe la autoevaluación como un requisito administrativo. La descentralización de la información e inconsistencia en los datos genera dificultades. No obstante, se reconoce un mejoramiento académico continuo como producto de estos ejercicios. Conclusiones: la trayectoria de la Facultad de Odontología en fortalecer una cultura de autoevaluación, ha generado cambios en las actitudes y hábitos de sus miembros al descentrar la mirada del proceso como norma para asumirlo como ejercicio reflexivo y participativo que enruta el logro de objetivos hacia la calidad del Programa. Se señala la necesidad de seguir articulando la validez y confiabilidad en el proceso, desde la continuidad en el ciclo reflexión- acción- registro y seguimiento sistemático de la información y las acciones.
ANTI-COLONIAL ASPECTS OF CREATIVITY LYUDMILA STARYTSKA-CHERNYAKHIVSKA (on the material of the work “Twenty-five years of Ukrainian theater”)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zhykovska Halyna
Published: February 2025

The article examines the anti-colonial aspects of Lyudmila Starytska-Chernyakhivska’s work “Twenty-five years of Ukrainian theater” in the context of post-colonial criticism. The phenomena of Russian “cultural colonialism” are analyzed, including imperial models of bans and destruction of the Ukrainian language, literature, theater, and customs. It is noted that the anti-colonial narrative emphasis of the studied studio is mainly focused on the efforts of Ukrainian figures devoted to the development of Ukrainian literature and theater in the ХІХ th century. Emphasis is placed on such important elements of the anti-colonial narrative of the analyzed text as Ukrainian cultural heritage, memory, the connection and struggle of generations, the persistence of Ukrainian cultural development, individual and collective traumas, and the “implantation № of Ukrainian national identity.
LEARNING UKRAINIAN ACCENT BY FOREIGNS (on the example of the story “Why” by Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kasіanova Oleksandra
Published: February 2025

This article is focused on the rules for stressing words in Ukrainian language. All stress tendencies of Ukrainian words are given by parts of speech. The article gathers the work of scientists who are mastering the Ukrainian accentual system. To demonstrate the rules of Ukrainian accent and the difficulty of determining the accent depending on the meaning of words for a foreign audience, we could take the story “Why” by Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska, whose work demonstrates a high level of culture of written speech and deserves consideration in the Ukrainian philology curriculum for foreigners, demonstrating the beauty and the power of the Ukrainian word, the philosophy of the heart and freedom of our people. The Ukrainian accentuation system is based on the Middle Transdnieper dialects in the South-East dialect, which have become accepted in Ukrainian literature. To study the Ukrainian accent effectively, it’s essential to outline the general regularities of the accent system for foreign speakers at the beginning stage. They need to explain that there is a literary standard to which we strive and whose rules we try to adhere to, and there are dialect features that sometimes differ from the literary norm and become identifiers of the speaker’s belonging to a certain social or dialect group. It is also important to teach the stress system of the Ukrainian language, analyzing as many texts as possible to distinguish between different lexical and grammatical forms, the forms of which are identified by stress. In addition, a foreigner should be aware that the normalization of the Ukrainian literary accent is ongoing, which is connected with the existence of parallel variants of the accentuation of words and the presence in everyday linguistic practice of developed and fixed national variants – doublets, which blur the accent system, because they do not show a tendency to distinguish meaning words, but only “encumber”.
Clinical heterogeneity of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Tappakhov Alexey A. , Popova Tatiana E. , Govorova Tatiana G. , Petrova Alyona Yu.
Published: February 2025

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by oculomotor disorders, early onset of postural instability and cognitive dysfunction. Classic form of the disease (Richardsons syndrome) develops only in 24% of all cases, while other phenotypes are registered in most patients. Clinical manifestations of the various types the PSP, as well as their similarities and differences with other nosological forms of extrapyramidal disorders are described in the current review. New diagnostic criteria of PSP developed by the International Society for the Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders in 2017 are discussed. Two clinical cases of PSP in patients of Yakhut ethnic origin are presented: in the first case there was classical variant of the disease (Richardsons syndrome), and in the second case a PSP-parkinsonism variant.
Legal risks in the work of a traumatologist associated with defects in the provision of emergency medical care
Authors: Egiazaryan Karen A. , Lyadova Maria V. , Ershov Dmitry S. , Badriev Denis A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: According to the literature, there is a steady increase in citizens' complaints about the quality of medical care.
AIM: The study aims to analyze the conclusions of forensic medical examinations of the most problematic groups of patients with acute injuries of the musculoskeletal system from the point of view of legal risk, to correlate adverse outcomes and common defects in medical care that are important in the legal assessment of the actions of a traumatologist, as well as to identify organizational measures to improve the quality of medical care.
METHODS: A sample analysis of 150 conclusions of the commission of forensic medical examinations was performed. All examinations were conducted in different expert institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region in the period from 2019–2023. A content analysis of regulatory legal documents regulating the activities in the provision of medical care to patients with an emergency injury has been performed. A correlation was made between the unfavorable outcome and the identified defects in the provision of medical care to patients with acute injuries. Due to the fact that these medical care defects are nominal, we have applied Pearson's χ2.
RESULTS: In the analysis of expert opinions, in most cases, defects in the provision of medical care were identified — 137 (91.3%), of which 47 (31.3%) conclusions contain 2 or more defects simultaneously. In 49 cases (32.7%), the expert assessment of the nature of the damage and the treatment plan was influenced by a defect in the management of medical records; in 38 cases (25.3%) — defects in treatment; in 27 cases (18.0%) — defects in diagnosis; in 19 cases (12.6%) — defects in the organization of medical care. Diagnostic defects related to missed fractures were detected in 18 (12.0%) cases. Most of the diagnostic defects were noted at the outpatient stage of medical care provision in a trauma center. Among the reasons for incorrect diagnosis, the following can be distinguished: inattentive examination of the victim, incorrect description of radiographs by a radiologist or a later description (for the next day or more), the inability to perform more high-tech and other research methods other than X-ray, for example, computed tomography or ultrasound.
CONCLUSION: In emergency traumatology, the probability of an adverse outcome is most affected by treatment defects (the relative risk was 1.21 with 25.3% of treatment defects — from 0.776 to 2.307). In the specialty "traumatology and orthopedics", there is a need to create scientifically sound, relevant to modern requirements of medical activity, clinical guidelines for patients with injuries of the musculoskeletal system, as well as to develop protocols for the provision of medical care to patients with polytrauma.
Effect of blood coagulation on immunologic reactivity of blood cells
Authors: Pyshenko Anatoly , Lyubavskaya Tatiana  Ya. , Seledtsova Irina  A. , Seledtsov Viktor  I.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to study the process of human blood coagulation on its antioxidant activity and on the cellular production of immunoregulatory molecules in vitro. Experimental and analytical methods were used to determine cellular-humoral immunity factors in plasma and serum in case of damage and in the process of repair. The data obtained indicate that in the process of blood clotting in case of damage, not only the barrier and skeleton functions are enhanced, but also the anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties of cells during the formation of a blood clot.
Methodology of synthesis of microwave radiometric receivers on heterostructure elements according to the reliability criterion in instrument engineering technology
Authors: Vetrova N.A. , Gudkov A.G. , Kuimov E.V. , Chizhikov S.V.
Published: February 2025

Methodologically, the problem of analyzing the parameters of the purpose of microwave radiometric receivers on heterostructure elements has been successfully solved and the effectiveness of approaches to assessing the probability of yield has been proven. However, the problem of synthesizing such receivers within the framework of complex design and technological optimization in the concept of four principles is still poorly formalized due to its complexity and the new heterostructure implementation of the element base of such microwave radiometric receivers. To ensure the required level of reliability of such devices, it is necessary to develop a practice-oriented technique for synthesizing their parameters, which will ensure the maximum level of reliability of the product at a minimum or limited cost.

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological formalization of the solution to the problem of synthesizing microwave radiometric receivers on heterostructure elements according to the reliability criterion, taking into account the specifics of the monolithic integrated implementation of the circuits of such devices.

The result of the work done is a technique for synthesizing microwave radiometric receivers on heterostructure elements according to the reliability criterion based on four basic principles of complex design and technological optimization. The results of the study can be used in the development, production and operational support of microwave radiometric receivers on heterostructure elements by the manufacturer, which will increase production efficiency, reduce costs and improve product quality.