bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La gouvernance différenciée des contrats locaux de santé
Authors: Haschar-Noé Nadine , Salaméro Émilie , Honta Marina
Published: July 2016

Selon une sociologie politique considérant l’action publique comme une construction collective d’acteurs publics et privés en interaction, notre recherche se focalise sur la « nouvelle » gouvernance sanitaire des « territoires de santé » promue par les Agences régionales de santé (ARS) en s’intéressant aux modalités de fabrication des contrats locaux de santé (CLS). Dans la région étudiée, l’ARS lance, dès octobre 2010, les deux premiers CLS comme une forme d’expérimentation in vivo, avant leur future généralisation. A partir d’une analyse comparée des sept CLS signés en 2014, nos résultats montrent, d’une part, que leur gouvernance négociée donne lieu à d’importantes variations territoriales bien que domine une approche populationnelle légitimant l’action des élus locaux. D’autre part, via une enquête socio ethnographique de deux CLS en train de se faire , nous montrons que leur mode de négociation par l’ARS oscille entre deux logiques de gouvernance, descendante ou ascendante, « dure ou molle », et qu’un certain nombre de conditions favorables participent à la construction des accords et des compromis acceptables pour les diverses parties prenantes. Loin de prendre les formes d’une gouvernance «  unifiée  », fabriquer un CLS s’apparente davantage à faire du « sur mesure ». Les acteurs qui s’y engagent sont ainsi condamnés à s’entendre pour répondre, selon un jeu d’instrumentalisations réciproques, aussi bien aux problématiques « spécifiques » des territoires infrarégionaux qu’aux objectifs du Plan régional de santé.
Gouvernance et développement des réseaux de santé. Le cas de la télétransmission en électroencéphalographie
Authors: Despatin Jane , Kletz Frédéric , Kubis Nathalie
Published: July 2016

La littérature sur la gouvernance des réseaux de santé montre le rôle essentiel joué par les acteurs de terrain dans l’émergence de ces réseaux. Elle fait également apparaître un paradoxe entre la liberté de ces acteurs et la nécessaire intervention d’un régulateur pour la normalisation des pratiques. Notre objectif de recherche est d’étudier ce paradoxe à travers un cas pratique et d’interroger la place respective des acteurs de terrain et de l’Etat dans la gestion des réseaux de santé. La présente étude s’intéresse au cas des réseaux de télétransmission des électroencéphalogrammes (EEG), au cœur d’un projet de développement national porté par des médecins. Notre analyse s’appuie sur des entretiens avec les responsables du projet et sur l’exploitation d’un questionnaire envoyé aux praticiens. L’analyse détaillée de ces réseaux montre leurs difficultés de fonctionnement et la nécessité de faire appel à une plus grande normalisation des processus. Certains acteurs de terrain en ont pris conscience et leur action, qui est à l’origine de notre étude, confirme le caractère essentiel de l’implication des professionnels de santé dans les transformations de l’organisation des soins. Nous montrons que l’établissement de ces normes suppose une contribution de l’Etat dans un effort de normalisation des pratiques, essentiel à la pérennité des réseaux de santé. Nous concluons que la gouvernance des réseaux de santé nécessite que l’Etat dépasse son rôle de prescripteur des normes, pour endosser le rôle d’Etat-partenaire, capable d’accompagner les besoins du terrain, résolvant ainsi le paradoxe entre liberté des acteurs de terrain et normalisation.
Les outils financiers dans les hôpitaux : penser leur déploiement au-delà de la dimension technique
Authors: Bérard Émilie , Flachère Isabelle , Saulpic Olivier , Zarlowski Philippe
Published: July 2016

En France, les réformes hospitalières ont été accompagnées par le déploiement, depuis le niveau national, d’outils financiers relativement standardisés dans leur format et leur structure. Pourtant, la mise en œuvre de ces outils aboutit à des situations d’utilisation et des effets très variés selon les établissements. Comment rendre compte de cette diversité ? Et comment réfléchir au déploiement de nouveaux outils de gestion dans un contexte hospitalier ? Nous proposons une grille d’analyse socio-technique du déploiement des outils fondée sur cinq dimensions et nous en illustrons le potentiel interprétatif à partir de trois études de cas de déploiement de CREA dans des hôpitaux publics.
Informatisation incrémentale ou de rupture ? Le cas du dossier patient hospitalier
Authors: Béjean Mathias , Kletz Frédéric , Moisdon Jean-Claude , Sicotte Claude
Published: July 2016

Au niveau international, l’informatisation de la production des soins hospitaliers ne se développe que lentement. Un terme souvent utilisé dans la littérature pour expliquer ce phénomène est celui des « facteurs organisationnels », mais sans, la plupart du temps, que ce terme soit précisé. L’article, à partir d’une recherche observationnelle multi-sites, analyse sur le cas français les évolutions organisationnelles des unités cliniques consécutives à l’implantation d’un Dossier Patient Informatisé (DPI). Il montre que le système en place n’a subi que peu de transformations, au prix d’accommodements avec l’outil informatique. Une telle situation peut paraitre satisfaisante aux yeux des tutelles qui promeuvent l’innovation technologique, mais pose la question de la création de valeur organisationnelle, c’est-à-dire la possibilité pour les professionnels de soins de se saisir de l’outil dans une optique de transformation et d’amélioration à terme des différentes composantes de la performance.
Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Associated Factors in Korean Older Adults With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Son Youn-Jung , Jang Miyoun , Jun Eun-Young
Published: July 2016

The current study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) among 161 Korean adults 60 and older with coronary artery disease (CAD). ED was diagnosed in 72.2% of patients—the prevalence of which was significantly associated with age, education, employment, monthly income, frequency of sexual intercourse, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was lower in patients with ED than in those without ED (
p
< 0.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that ED significantly influenced HRQoL in patients with CAD after adjusting for sociodemographic and disease-related characteristic variables (
p
< 0.001). Interventions and training courses for health care providers should focus on improving caregivers' knowledge and communication skills with patients and spouses regarding sexual health. Furthermore, guidelines to improve HRQoL in patients with CAD should consider incorporating sexual counseling. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
42
(10), 32–41.]
Nuevos xenófitos de La Palma (Islas Canarias, España), con énfasis en las especies naturalizadas y (potencialmente) invasoras
Authors: Otto R. , Verloove F.
Published: July 2016

Varios años de trabajos de campo en La Palma (Islas Canarias occidentales) han posibilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas plantas vasculares no nativas. Amaranthus blitoides, A. deflexus, Aptenia cordifolia, Argemone ochroleuca, Begonia schmidtiana, Capsella rubella, Cardamine hamiltonii, Centratherum punctatum, Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare, Chasmanthe floribunda (ampliamente confundida con C. aethiopica y Crocosmia xcrocosmiiflora en Macaronesia), Chenopodium probstii, Commelina latifolia var. latifolia, Dichondra micrantha, Dysphania anthelmintica, Epilobium ciliatum, Erigeron sumatrensis, Erodium neuradifolium, Eucalyptus globulus, Euphorbia hypericifolia, E. maculata, Gamochaeta antillana, Geranium pyrenaicum, Hedychium coronarium, Hypochaeris radicata, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K. delagoensis, K. xhoughtonii, Kickxia commutata subsp. graeca, K. spuria subsp. integrifolia, Lactuca viminea subsp. ramosissima, Landoltia punctata, Malvastrum coromandelianum subsp. capitatospicatum, Oenothera jamesii, Orobanche nana, Oxalis latifolia, Papaver hybridum, P. setigerum, Pilea microphylla, Podranea ricasoliana, Polygonum arenastrum, Portulaca granulatostellulata, P. nicaraguensis, P. nitida, P. papillatostellulata, Rumex crispus subsp. crispus, R. pulcher subsp. pulcher, R. xpratensis, Sechium edule, Sida spinosa var. angustifolia, Silene nocturna, Solanum abutiloides, S. alatum, S. decipiens, Sonchus tenerrimus, Spergularia marina, Stellaria pallida, Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. australis, Tribulus terrestris y Trifolium repens subsp. repens son xenófitos naturalizados o (potencialmente) invasores, que se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias o para la isla de La Palma. 37 táxones adicionales, probablemente casuales, se dan a conocer por primera vez de las Islas Canarias, y 56 táxones de la isla de La Palma.
Latest Trends in Problem Solving Assessment
Authors: Karyotaki Maria , Drigas Athanasios
Published: July 2016

Problem solving is the skill that coordinates all the cognitive, metacognitive and behavioral processes taking place when individuals encounter a previously unprecedented situation or difficulty. Metacognitive processes seem to play the most important role for resolving a problematic situation as individuals reflect on their acquired knowledge, skills and experiences, thus become aware of their capabilities and how to regulate them. Therefore, metacognitive awareness is the competence that mostly assists individuals in their attempt to construct new knowledge and reach their goals. Furthermore, individuals’ self-assessment and peer-assessment processes could reveal their level of metacognitive awareness and therefore, by far, their problem solving competency. Consequently, ICTs could capture individuals’ problem solving skills through tracking down and analyzing the latters’ cognitive and metacognitive processes as well as their behavioral patterns. The aforementioned computer-based assessment could consist of a fuzzy expert system with domain knowledge from an automated task-based test with particular solution strategies in combination with log data for identifying and classifying one’s level of problem solving ability according to specific criteria.
Power Optimization Using Clock Gating and Power Gating
Authors: Shahid Arsalan , Arif Saad , Qadri Muhammad Yasir , Munawar Saba
Published: July 2016

The scaling of CMOS technology has continued due to ever increasing demand of greater performance with low power consumption. This demand has grown further by the portable and battery operated devices market. To meet the challenge of greater energy efficiency and performance, a number of power optimization techniques at processor and system components level are proposed by the research community such as clock gating, operand isolation, memory splitting, power gating, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, etc. This chapter reviews advancements in the dynamic power optimization techniques like clock gating and power gating. This chapter also reviews some architectures and optimization techniques that have been developed for greater power reduction without any significant performance degradation or area cost.
Multicore and Manycore
Authors: Valero-Lara Pedro , Paz-Gallardo Abel , Foster Erich L , Prieto-Matías Manuel , Pinelli Alfredo , Jansson Johan
Published: July 2016

This chapter presents an overview of the evolution of computer architecture, giving special attention on those advances which have promoted the current hybrid systems. After that, we focus on the most extended programming strategies applied to hybrid computing. In fact, programming is one of the most important challenges for this kind of systems, as it requires a high knowledge of the hardware to achieve a good performance. Current hybrid systems are basically composed by three components, two processors (multicore and manycore) and an interconnection bus (PCIe), which connects both processors. Each of the components must be managed differently. After presenting the particular features of current hybrid systems, authors focus on introducing some approaches to exploit simultaneously each of the components. Finally, to clarify how to program in these platforms, two cases studies are presented and analyzed in deep. At the end of the chapter, authors outline the main insights behind hybrid computing and introduce upcoming advances in hybrid systems.
Implementation of a Smart Sensor Node for Wireless Sensor Network Applications Using FPGAs
Authors: Perera Dilum Rukshan , Mannathunga K. S. , Dharmasiri R. A. D. D. , Meegama Ravinda Gayan , Jayananda Kithsiri
Published: July 2016

Applications that involve monitoring of environmental parameters require measuring devices to be placed at different geographical locations but are controlled centrally at a remote site. The measuring devices in such applications need to be physically small, consume low power, and must be capable of local processing tasks facilitating the mobility to span the measuring area in a vast geographic area. This chapter presents the design of a generalized, re-configurable, re-programmable smart sensor node using a Zigbee with a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that embeds all processing and communication functionalities based on the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Design of the sensor nodes includes communication, processing and transducer control functionalities in a single core increasing the speedup of processing power due to inter-process communication taking place within the chip itself.
Integration of Demand-Side Management Programs and Supply-Side Alternatives for Decentralized Energy Planning
Authors: Rabbani Masoud , Dolatkhah Mahdi
Published: July 2016

Optimally selection of an appropriate mix of renewable sources for supplying electricity of remote areas has been always an important challenge for policy makers. Also, in recent years, the great advantages of Demand Side Management (DSM) programs such as postponing investments in construction of new plants and/or desirably modification of electricity consumption pattern has turned great attention of energy planners to these programs. Moreover, the issue of global warming has caused the need for reduction of human use of fossil fuels and switching to employing green energy sources. To address the mentioned concerns, in this paper, an integrated mathematical formulation for selecting the best mix of renewable energy technologies is proposed. In this study, DSM considered as a competitive option against supply-side alternatives for making energy planning decisions. Additionally, by considering real data from a case in Iran, the effects of considering energy import and export has been taken into account. To validate the model, for smaller-scaled test problems the model has been solved by Lingo 8.0 software while for solving larger instances of problems (real scale of case study) a novel genetic algorithm (GA) is devised. The numerical results indicate that DSM policies have made use of their maximum capacity and resulted in significant improvements, especially in terms of reducing consumption and suitably changing the load shape.
Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research
Authors: Kock Ned , Jung Yusun , Syn Thant
Published: July 2016

Wikipedia's precursor started in the year 2000 as a traditional online encyclopedia with content controlled by a small group of experts. In 2013 Wikipedia's current user-controlled incarnation was such a successful enterprise that an asteroid was named after it. The authors briefly discuss key opportunities and challenges in e-collaboration research on Wikipedia. The opportunities refer to studies on the impact of Wikipedia on individuals and organizations, as well as on the spontaneous formation of online communities. The main challenges discussed refer to the consensus-building nature of content creation in Wikipedia, making practical applications of findings somewhat limited, as well as data compilation difficulties.
Improving Collaborative Convergence through Distributed and Parallel Sorting
Authors: Diller Christopher B.R. , Helquist Joel H. , Kruse John
Published: July 2016

This paper examines a convergence process of organizing ideas that are generated during collaborative idea generation activities. The method presented reduces the impact of organizing brainstorming ideas on individual participants by dividing the convergence activity into smaller, discrete tasks that can be completed individually, and in parallel, by the participants. The entire pool of brainstorming ideas is subdivided into smaller pools and each participant is then tasked with organizing one of the subsets of ideas. The results show that by dividing up the overall activity into subtasks, the subjects experienced a more favorable environment. Furthermore, the subjects were able to work through their subset of ideas and produce results that were similar to those performing the full sort of the entire pool.
The Impact of the E-Collaborative and Traditional Learning Styles on Learning Outcomes and Anxiety
Authors: Zhonggen Yu
Published: July 2016

Nowadays, information technologies are catching growing attention and their application to English language learning is also prospering. Using a Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale and College English Test Band 4, this study explored the different impacts of the e-collaborative learning via QQ group and the traditional multi-media learning on learning outcomes and anxiety among tertiary students. Around 70 participants were involved in different styles of learning and instruction and received both surveys and tests. The results showed that the QQ group-based e-collaborative learning could significantly decrease anxiety but no significant gain was found in learning outcomes compared with the traditional multi-media learning. Correlation between learning outcomes and variables of anxiety was also studied, which resulted in no significant findings. Both disadvantages and advantages of this study were discussed and future research and advice to practitioners were recommended as well.
Exploring the Effectiveness of IT Application and Value Method in the Innovation Performance of Enterprise
Authors: Lee Larry Jung-Hsing , Leu Jun-Der
Published: July 2016

In this study, the authors used the variable-benchmark data envelopment analysis method to study the innovation performance of an enterprise. In the proposed model, information technology, value proposition, value study, and team activities were the input factors, and product model change, product function upgrade, and production cost reduction were the output factors. A total of 176 effective enterprise samples collected from five industries were analysed, and the results showed that the use of a value method and information technology had a synergistic effect on the innovation performance of enterprises; however, the synergistic effect on different industry sectors was not identical. Furthermore, the innovation performance of large enterprises was quite similar to that of small and medium-sized enterprises in most industry sectors, except the service and nonprofit industries. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Seismic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in India
Authors: Naveem B.P. , Sitharam T.G. , Sivapullaiah P.V.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents, unit weight, shear wave velocity, strain-dependent normalized shear modulus reduction and material damping ratio relationships for Mavallipura landfill are developed based on field testing, laboratory measurements and also validated using semi-empirical methods. In addition, one-dimensional seismic response analysis by an equivalent linear method for Mavallipura landfill, Bangalore using the software like SHAKE2000 and DEEPSOIL. Results indicated that the MSW landfill has less shear stiffness and more amplification due to the loose filling and damping, which need to be accounted for seismically safe MSW landfill design in India.
A Revisit to Seismic Hazard at Uttarakhand
Authors: Nayak Monalisha , Sitharam T. G. , Kolathayar Sreevalasa
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the seismic hazard of the state of Uttarakhand in India, located at the foothills of the seismically active Himalayan mountain ranges. In the present study, an updated catalog of earthquakes has been prepared for Uttarakhand which was homogenized into a unified moment magnitude scale after declustering of the catalog to remove aftershocks and foreshocks. Various source zones were identified in the study area to account for local variability in seismicity characteristics. The seismicity parameters were estimated for each of these source zones, which are necessary inputs into seismic hazard estimation of a region. The seismic hazard evaluation of the region based on a state-of-the art PSHA study was performed using the classical Cornell–McGuire approach with different source models and attenuation relations. The most recent knowledge of seismic activity in the region was used to evaluate the hazard, incorporating uncertainty associated with different modeling parameters as well as spatial and temporal uncertainties. The PSHA was performed with currently available data and their best possible scientific interpretation using an appropriate instrument such as the logic tree to explicitly account for epistemic uncertainty by considering alternative models. The hazard maps were produced for horizontal ground motion at the bedrock level and an attempt was done to bring the hazard at surface level using appropriate amplification factors. The maximum PHA value at bedrock level for 10% Probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years is 0.34g and same for 2% PE in 50 years is 0.54g.
Extracting Usage Patterns from Power Usage Data of Homes' Appliances in Smart Home using Big Data Platform
Authors: Honarvar Ali Reza , Sami Ashkan
Published: July 2016

Advances in sensing techniques and IOT enabled the possibility to gain precise information about devices in smart home and smart city environments. Data analysis for sensors and devices may help us develop friendlier systems for smart city or smart home. Sequence pattern mining extracts interesting sequence pattern from data. Electricity usage dose follow a sequence of events. In this study the authors investigate this issue and extracted valuable sequence pattern from real appliances' power usage dataset using PrefixSpan. The experiments in this research is implemented on Spark as a novel distributed and parallel big data processing platform on two different clusters and interesting findings are obtained. These findings show the importance of extracting sequence pattern from power usage data to various applications such as decreasing CO2 and greenhouse gas emission by decreasing the electricity usage. The findings also show the needs to bring big data platforms to processing such kind of data which is captured in smart home and smart cities.
Preparing Engineers for the 21st Century
Authors: Mourtos Nikos J.
Published: July 2016

Process skills (problem-solving, lifelong learning, critical thinking, communication and collaboration, self-assessment, change management, etc.) have always been important in any education and work setting. However, new challenges presented by a new, globalized economy, have put a new focus on these skills in the engineering workplace. Process skills present a great challenge for educators and practicing engineers alike because they are hard to define explicitly, hard to teach, and even harder to develop as a student. They depend on attitudes and values as much as they depend on content knowledge. For educators the challenge is three-fold: how to clearly define these skills, how to assess them, and how to effectively teach them to their students. The paper discusses a course design process that facilitates the development of these skills to help prepare engineering and technology students for the challenges of the 21st century workplace.
Developing Sustainable Processes through Knowledge Management
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Dat , Kifor Stefania
Published: July 2016

Sustainable development of a process depends on a harmonious association of three sustainable pillars: Economy, Society, and Environment. Yet, in case of DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) process, the combination is challenged by inefficient management of knowledge resource in the process. The potential economy resource is not preserved and renewed, and therefore influents on sustainability of the process. In this article, the authors present and discuss sustainable aspects of a knowledge management model for DMAIC in which knowledge resource is accumulated and reused efficiently. In particular, the key concepts of sustainable development are reviewed, a process of knowledge management based on Ontology Engineering is presented, and sustainable criterial and measures for the proposed model are applied. The authors find that preserving and renewing knowledge is an indispensable process of sustainable development of DMAIC process.
Transition to ISO 15189 : 2012 for Cytopathology Laboratories Part 1
Authors: Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Archondakis Stavros , Nasioutziki Maria , Oustambasidou Ourania , Daniilidis Angelos , Dinas Konstantinos , Loufopoulos Aristotelis
Published: July 2016

Nowadays, due to the latest advances in Laboratory Medicine, diagnostic medical laboratories with their highly qualified personnel and state-of-the-art analytical equipment, have completely changed the way modern healthcare is offered. In order to maintain or even increase the already high quality level of the provided testing services, diagnostic laboratories including the cytopathology ones, need to design and apply a Quality Management System (QMS) in agreement with the requirements of the ISO 15189 International Standard. The authors present their experience on the implementation of such a QMS in cytopathology laboratories and highlight the most important general and management parameters that should be taken into consideration when moving from ISO 15189:2007 to the latest ISO 15189:2012. In addition, useful recommendations and suggestions that could make the transition to the latest Standard easier are included. Finally, possible issues and potential adverse events associated with the laboratory's implementation of the ISO 15189:2012 are also described.
Transition to ISO 15189 : 2012 for Cytopathology Laboratories Part 2
Authors: Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Archondakis Stavros , Nasioutziki Maria , Oustambasidou Ourania , Daniilidis Angelos , Dinas Konstantinos , Loufopoulos Aristotelis
Published: July 2016

Modern diagnostic medical laboratories personnel should be an ideal combination of highly qualified scientists and technologists who use innovative analytical equipment to provide high quality diagnostic services to mankind. A well-designed and a well-implemented Quality Management System (QMS) according to the ISO 15189 requirements is regarded as a prerequisite that will ensure that a cytopathology laboratory is capable enough to provide precise and credible results. The authors present their knowledge on the implementation of such a QMS in cytopathology laboratories and emphasize the most crucial technical parameters that should be considered when advancing from ISO 15189:2007 to the latest ISO 15189:2012. Furthermore, helpful advice and pointers that could accommodate relative transition are included. Finally, potential issues related to the laboratory's implementation of ISO 15189:2012 and a mobile technology application for better personnel management are also depicted.
Transition to ISO 15189 : 2012 for Cytopathology Laboratories Part 4
Authors: Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Archondakis Stavros , Nasioutziki Maria , Oustambasidou Ourania , Daniilidis Angelos , Dinas Konstantinos , Loufopoulos Aristotelis
Published: July 2016

Modern cytopathology laboratories offer an outstanding portfolio of testing services that are vital for patients. Due to their clinical importance, such laboratories have to provide results of high quality and credibility. Accreditation status and the implementation of a Quality Management System according to ISO15189 requirements are usually the most effective strategies to reach the optimum quality standards. However, laboratory quality should be constantly monitored and assessed in order to avoid potential deviations from the pre-defined values. The design of a unified system of Quality Control and Assurance procedures that will guarantee excellent performance and results is essential. The authors present their experience on the implementation of such a system and describe in detail strategies for efficient quality management. Useful recommendations for the design of such a system are provided. Finally, a mobile health application that could potentially enhance the entire quality control and assurance system is also presented.
Testing of Tensile Properties of Carbon Prepreg Composite Rods with Adding of a Non-Composite Part
Authors: Syrovátková Martina , Kulhavý Petr , Srb Pavel , Petrů Michal
Published: July 2016

The global development of carbon composite materials has been devoting constantly in still more companies and research institutions. Pre-saturated fabrics known as prepregs have a significant position in this field. The common problem of many worldwide authors is how to determine their tensile strength. The problem with tensile load is mainly due to the extremely high strength of fibers filaments and structural fragility of the thin width of formed profiles. Therefore, indirect methods are usually used. They are based on a determination of the resonant frequencies or on a conversion of values obtained e.g. with bending test. In our case, some experiments have been based on the idea of added a non-composite material into the final structure. The aim of this work was also to find an appropriate modification of a surface of the additional element with regard to a mutual interaction, surface microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting composite part.
The Behaviour of Cross-Linking Filled PP to Micro-Indentation Test
Authors: Ovsík Martin , Šenkeřík Vojtech , Manas David , Maňas Miroslav , Stanek Michal , Gajzlerová Lenka
Published: July 2016

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. Radiation, which penetrated through specimens and reacted with the cross-linking agent, gradually formed cross-linking (3D net), first in the surface layer and then in the total volume, which resulted in considerable changes in specimen behaviour. The aim of the experiments was to study the influence of different doses of Beta radiation to the structure and micro-mechanical properties of polypropylene filled by 30% glass fiber (PP+GF). Hard surface layers of PP+GF can be formed by radiation cross-linking by β – radiation with doses of 33, 66 and 99 kGy. Material properties created by β – radiation are measured by micro-indentation test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Individual radiation doses caused structural and micro-mechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the PP+GF tested. Micro-mechanical properties increased with increasing value of the dose of irradiation material (increase about 49%). The changes were examined and confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
Local Mechanical Properties of SiC - TiNbC Composite and its Constituents
Authors: Fides Martin , Kovalčíková Alexandra , Hvizdoš Pavol , Sedlák Richard , Bystrický Roman , Sedláček Jaroslav
Published: July 2016

SiC based composite with 50 % of additives (Ti and NbC with ratio of 9:16) has been prepared. The microstructure, porosity, and chemical composition were studied using SEM equipped with EDS analyser. Local mechanical properties such a hardness and elastic modulus of individual components of the composite were investigated by nanoindentation using Berkovich indenter tip. Hardness and fracture toughness of studied material as a whole was evaluated by means of classic Vickers macroindentation. Indentation cracks were observed and their propagation was analyzed. It was shown that the present phases were distributed uniformly. Moreover, final density was satisfactory with porosity lower than 1 %. The individual constituents shown similar elasticity modulus (550 - 590 GPa). Hardness (HIT) exhibited very pronounced load-size effect. At 10 mN load, hardness was 42.33 GPa ± 1.1 GPa for SiC and 35.73 GPa ± 0.9 GPa for TiNbC, while at 500 mN the composite hardness was 27.61 GPa ± 0.505 GPa. It is in good agreement with macrohardness values, when 27.6 GPa and 25 GPa has been measured for 1 and 10 kg loads, respectively. Indentation fracture toughness was 3.3 MPa.m1/2 ± 0.22 MPa.m1/2. Electrical conductivity was measured by four point probes method and its value was 8.8×104 ± 0.3×104 Sm-1.
Indentation Fracture Toughness of Al2O3 + GPLs and Si3N4 + GPLs Systems
Authors: Sedlák Richard , Kovalčíková Alexandra , Tatarková Monika , Rutkowski Pawel , Dusza Ján
Published: July 2016

The influence of 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% of graphene platelets (GPLs) addition on indentation fracture toughness (IF) of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) based composites has been investigated and compared to the monoliths. Ceramic composites reinforced with GPLs were prepared using hot-press processing technology. Microstructures were observed at fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crack type identification was performed by gradually polishing of the indentation surface and mechanical properties of both systems were measured. Indentation fracture toughness was calculated by various methods and R-curves were prepared. The main activated toughening mechanisms, responsible for the increased fracture toughness are crack deflection, crack branching and crack bridging in the forms of graphene sheet pull-out or graphene necking.
Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Polyamide under Thermal Stress
Authors: Bednarik Martin , Manas David , Maňas Miroslav , Mizera Ales , Šenkeřík Vojtech
Published: July 2016

It was found in this study, that radiation crosslinking has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of selected type polyamide. In recent years, there have been increasing requirements for quality and cost effectiveness of manufactured products in all areas of industrial production. These requirements are best met with the polymeric materials, which have many advantages in comparison to traditional materials. The main advantages of polymer materials are especially in their ease of processability, availability, and price of the raw materials. Radiation crosslinking is one of the ways to give the conventional plastics mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of expensive and highly resistant construction polymers. The main purpose of this paper has been to determine the effect of radiation crosslinking on the tensile strength and elongation of PA 66 (filled with 30 % glass fibers). These properties were examined in dependence on the dosage of the ionizing electron beam radiation (non-irradiated samples and those irradiated by dosage 66 and 132 kGy were compared) and on the test temperature (23, 50, 80, and 110 oC). Radiation cross-linking of PA 66 results in increased mechanical strength, and decreased of elongation. As an addition, the increased surface microhardness of polyamide was found.
Biocompatibility of Surfaces of TiCN Thin Films
Authors: Bakalova Totka , Svobodová Lucie , Coufalová Adéla , Petkov Nikolay , Kejzlar Pavel , Louda Petr , Voleský Lukáš
Published: July 2016

A series of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) films with differing C content were deposited by cathodic arc evaporation of pure Ti in a gas composite environment of N2 and C2H2. The increase of the C2H2 fraction in the gas environment leads to a continuous increase in the deposition rate of the TiCN thin films, as well as an increase in the adhesion of the films to the substrate. To evaluate the interaction of the material with the bacteria Escherichia coli CCM 3954 a method was used based on the ČSN EN ISO 56 0100 standard. The bacteria were inoculated in a liquid culture medium. It was observed that the monitored surfaces support the development of bacterial populations of E. coli depending on the type of TiCN thin films.
Analysis of Local Plastic Deformation of Machined Surface
Authors: Martinkovič Maroš , Pokorný Peter
Published: July 2016

Technological processes of machining lead to plastically deformation of workpieces. Therefore it is needful to know influence of machining to machined material. The area of plastically deformation caused by friction of tool to machined surface was analysed. Local strain in structure was estimated by measurement of deformation of grains on metallographic cut using stereology. Local plastic deformation in deformation zone around the surface of drilled holes, local plastic deformation in deformation zone near the surface of milled workpiece and local plastic deformation near the surface of turned workpiece were investigated. The working piece was bulk from carbon steel CK45 (1.0503). Local plastic deformation was observed in case of drilling and turning, in case of milling no deformation of surface was present.
Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Galvanic Coating and its Influence on Resistance Weldability of 22MnB5 Steel
Authors: Kolaříková Marie , Kolařík Ladislav , Pilvousek Tomáš , Petr Jaroslav
Published: July 2016

Increase of quality and productivity in the same time are the most important in automotive industry. Use of high-strength steel 22MnB5 allows decrease of sheet metal thickness compared to standard steel. Commonly the steel 22MnB5 is welded with laser [1]. Use of this steel for spot resistance welding is not yet fully described. Steel 22MnB5 is coated with Al-Si galvanic coating for increasing high temperature oxidation resistance [2]. During hot stamping and subsequent heat treatment diffusion layer is created between coating and steel. The thickness of this layer is strongly dependent on temperature and time of heat process [3]. The paper deals with mechanical properties (chemical composition, indentation hardness) of this diffusion layer and Al-Si coating. Different thicknesses of diffusion layers were compared and its influence on weldability was described. Thin thicknesses have negligible effect on weldability, yet large thicknesses very negatively influence the weldability.
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Steel with Oxidised Surface Layer
Authors: Zuzánek Lukáš , Řidký Ondřej , Ganev Nikolaj , Kolařík Kamil
Published: July 2016

The basic principle of the X-ray diffraction analysis is based on the determination of components of residual stresses. They are determined on the basis of the change in the distance between atomic planes. The method is limited by a relatively small depth in which the X-ray beam penetrates into the analysed materials. For determination of residual stresses in the surface layer the X-ray diffraction and electrolytic polishing has to be combined. The article is deals with the determination of residual stress and real material structure of a laser-welded steel sample with an oxide surface layer. This surface layer is created during the rolling and it prevents the material from its corrosion. Before the X-ray diffraction analysis can be performed, this surface layer has to be removed. This surface layer cannot be removed with the help of electrolytic polishing and, therefore, it has to be removed mechanically. This mechanical procedure creates “technological” residual stress in the surface layer. This additional residual stress is removed by the electrolytic polishing in the depth between 20 and 80 μm. Finally, the real structure and residual stresses can be determined by using the X-ray diffraction techniques.
Characterization of Photoluminescence and Surface Chemistry after Annealing about Si:SiO2 Films Fabricated by Radio Frequency Sputtering
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Yoshida Taichi
Published: July 2016

We fabricated Si:SiO2 films and assessed its characterization of photoluminescence and surface chemistry. When Si tablets on a SiO2 target were sputtered in a chamber of a radio frequency sputtering device, Si:SiO2 films were deposited on a substrate. When the films were excited by a He-Cd laser, photoluminescence having wide and continuous peaks was emitted in shorter region than 600 nm. After annealing, intensity of photoluminescence changed, which depends on annealing temperature and time. By the Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy, bonds of atoms around Si were investigated.
Triple-Band CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Design Utilizing Transformer Couplings
Authors: Kamiyama Masataka , Oki Daiki , Kawauchi Satoru , Li Cong Bing , Takahashi Nobuo , Banba Seiichi , Dan Toru , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: July 2016

This paper describes multi-band low noise amplifiers (LNAs) utilizing input matching transformers. We investigate a conventional dual-band LNA circuit utilizing a transformer, and show our analysis and simulation results for its circuit. Based on this, we propose a triple band LNA with transformers. We have calculated characteristics of the dual-band and triple-band LNAs. As the results, the LNAs show gain of 20dB while maintaining good input matching, in the frequencies at 2.59GHz, 3.50GHz and 5.41 GHz. Then we discuss configuration and design of coupling coefficients of the transformers.
MRE Damping Characteristics Evaluation
Authors: Chirila Eduard , Chirica Ionel , Boazu Doina , Beznea Elena Felicia
Published: July 2016

The paper addresses the study of the damping characteristics estimation and behaviour of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) in the absence of magnetic field. This type of material actively changes the size, internal structure and viscoelastic characteristics under the external influences. These particular composite materials whose characteristics can vary in the presence of a magnetic fields are known as smart materials. The feature which causes the variation of properties in magnetic fields is explained by the existence of polarized particles which change the material form by energy absorbing. Damping is a special characteristic that influences the vibratory of the mechanical system. As an effect of this property is the reducing of the vibration amplitudes by dissipating the energy stored during the vibratory moving. The main characteristic that is based on the determination of the damping coefficient is the energy loss, which is the subject of the present paper. Before to start the characteristics determination in the presence of the magnetic field, it is necessary to study these characteristics in the absence of magnetic field. The MRE specimens have been manufactured and tested under the light conditions (non magnetic field). A special experimental test rig was built to investigate the response of the MRE specimens under the charging force. The experimental results show that the loss energy of the MRE specimen can be determined from the charging-discharging curves versus displacement. The results of the MRE specimen are presented in this paper: MRE with feromagnetic particles not exposed in magnetic field during fabrication.
The Behaviour of Cross-Linking Filled PA66 by Micro-Indentation Test
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Stanek Michal , Senkerik Vojtech
Published: July 2016

The process of radiation crosslinking helps to improve some mechanical properties of polymer materials. Micro-mechanical changes in the surface layer of glass-fiber filled PA 66 modified by beta radiation were measured by the Depth Sensing Indentation - DSI method on samples which were non-irradiated and irradiated by different doses of the β - radiation. The specimens were prepared by injection technology and subjected to radiation doses of 0, 33, 66 nad 99 kGy. The change of micro-mechanical properties is greatly manifested mainly in the surface layer of the modified polypropylene where a significant growth of micro-hardness values can be observed. Indentation modulus increased from 1.8 to 3.0 GPa (increasing about 66%) and indentation hardness increased from 87 to 157 MPa (increasing about 80%). This research paper studies the influence of the dose of irradiation on the micro-mechanical properties of semi-crystalline polyamide 66 filled by 30% glass fiber at room temperature. The study is carried out due to the ever-growing employment of this type of polymer.
Effect of Annealing on the Mechanical and Electrical Behavior of Polyurethane/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Sandu Ionut Laurentiu , Rosculet Razvan , Fetecau Catalin
Published: July 2016

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the annealing process on the mechanical and electrical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube (TPU/MWCNT) nanocomposites. The TPU/MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared by melt-mixing the TPU with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% MWCNT. The TPU/MWCNT injection-molded specimens were annealed at 110°C at different annealing time intervals. The mechanical properties of TPU/MWCNT nanocomposites (Young modulus, tensile strength at yield, stress at break and strain at break) were measured before and after the annealing at constant crosshead speed of 100 mm/min. Furthermore, the DC conductivity of the TPU/MWCNT injection molding specimens was measured before and after annealing, and the percolation thresholds were determined based on following the percolation theory.
The Latent Reservoir for HIV-1: How Immunologic Memory and Clonal Expansion Contribute to HIV-1 Persistence
Authors: Murray Alexandra J. , Kwon Kyungyoon J. , Farber Donna L. , Siliciano Robert F.
Published: July 2016

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection reduces plasma virus levels to below the limit of detection of clinical assays. However, even with prolonged suppression of viral replication with ART, viremia rebounds rapidly after treatment interruption. Thus, ART is not curative. The principal barrier to cure is a remarkably stable reservoir of latent HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells. In this review, we consider explanations for the remarkable stability of the latent reservoir. Stability does not appear to reflect replenishment from new infection events but rather normal physiologic processes that provide for immunologic memory. Of particular importance are proliferative processes that drive clonal expansion of infected cells. Recent evidence suggests that in some infected cells, proliferation is a consequence of proviral integration into host genes associated with cell growth. Efforts to cure HIV-1 infection by targeting the latent reservoir may need to consider the potential of latently infected cells to proliferate.
The effects of stress incontinence surgery on sexual function and life quality of women
Authors: Tuncer Murat , Tarhan Fatih , Kafkasli Alper , Demir Kadir , Yucetas Ugur , Faydaci Gokhan , Eryildirim Bilal , Sarica Kemal
Published: July 2016

Objective: To evaluate Transobturator tape (TOT) and Burch colposuspension procedure’s effects on sexual functions and life quality. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent TOT (n = 49) or Burch (n = 32) with stress incontinence were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and at postoperative 6 month follow up pad and stress tests, physical examinations, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) questionnaires were performed. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnare was added postoperatively. Results: According to stress test, success rate was found to be 69% and 45%, in the TOT and Burch groups respectively. Pad test decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). PGI-I scores was higher in the TOT group when compared to Burch group (p = 0.031). ICIQ-SF scores were improved in both TOT (p < 0.0001) and Burch groups (p < 0.012). IUDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores improved only in TOT group. Total FSFI scores did not change in both groups but only in TOT group sexual desire improved. Total FSFI scores did not change in patients that were successful and unsuccessful according to the stress test in both TOT and Burch groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: TOT and Burch procedures have no effect on the sexual functions. However TOT improved life quality of patients.