bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate signal-source localization in brain slices by means of high-density microelectrode arrays
Authors: Obien Marie Engelene J. , Hierlemann Andreas , Frey Urs
Published: January 2019

Extracellular recordings by means of high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs) have become a powerful tool to resolve subcellular details of single neurons in active networks grown from dissociated cells. To extend the application of this technology to slice preparations, we developed models describing how extracellular signals, produced by neuronal cells in slices, are detected by microelectrode arrays. The models help to analyze and understand the electrical-potential landscape in anin vitroHD-MEA-recording scenario based on point-current sources. We employed two modeling schemes, (i) a simple analytical approach, based on the method of images (MoI), and (ii) an approach, based on finite-element methods (FEM). We compared and validated the models with large-scale, high-spatiotemporal-resolution recordings of slice preparations by means of HD-MEAs. We then developed a model-based localization algorithm and compared the performance of MoI and FEM models. Both models provided accurate localization results and a comparable and negligible systematic error, when the point source was in saline, a condition similar to cell-culture experiments. Moreover, the relative random error in the x-y-z-localization amounted only up to 4.3% for z-distances up to 200 μm from the HD-MEA surface. In tissue, the systematic errors of both, MoI and FEM models were significantly higher, and a pre-calibration was required. Nevertheless, the FEM values proved to be closer to the tissue experimental results, yielding 5.2 μm systematic mean error, compared to 22.0 μm obtained with MoI. These results suggest that the medium volume or “saline height”, the brain slice thickness and anisotropy, and the location of the reference electrode, which were included in the FEM model, considerably affect the extracellular signal and localization performance, when the signal source is at larger distance to the array. After pre-calibration, the relative random error of the z-localization in tissue was only 3% for z-distances up to 200 μm. We then applied the model and related detailed understanding of extracellular recordings to achieve an electrically-guided navigation of a stimulating micropipette, solely based on the measured HD-MEA signals, and managed to target spontaneously active neurons in an acute brain slice for electroporation.
The flagellin of candidate live biotherapeutic Enterococcus gallinarum MRx0518 is a potent immunostimulant
Authors: Lauté-Caly Delphine L. , Raftis Emma J. , Cowie Philip , Hennessy Emma , Holt Amy , Panzica D. Alessio , Sparre Christina , Minter Beverley , Stroobach Eline , Mulder Imke E.
Published: January 2019

Many links between gut microbiota and disease development have been established in recent years, with particular bacterial strains emerging as potential therapeutics rather than causative agents. In this study we describe the immunostimulatory properties ofEnterococcus gallinarumMRx0518, a candidate live biotherapeutic with proven anti-tumorigenic efficacy. Here we demonstrate that strain MRx0518 elicits a strong pro-inflammatory response in key components of the innate immune system but also in intestinal epithelial cells. Using a flagellin knock-out derivative and purified recombinant protein, MRx0518 flagellin was shown to be a TLR5 and NF-κB activator in reporter cells and an inducer of IL-8 production by HT29-MTX cells.E. gallinarumflagellin proteins display a high level of sequence diversity and the flagellin produced by MRx0518 was shown to be more potent than flagellin fromE. gallinarumDSM100110. Collectively, these data infer that flagellin may play a role in the therapeutic properties ofE. gallinarumMRx0518.
Effects of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Phosphate and Artemether-Lumefantrine on QTc Interval Prolongation
Authors: Funck-Brentano Christian , Bacchieri Antonella , Valentini Giovanni , Pace Silvia , Tommasini Silva , Voiriot Pascal , Ubben David , Duparc Stephan , Evene Eric , Felices Mathieu , Corsi Marco
Published: January 2019

QT/QTc interval prolongation reflects delayed cardiac repolarization which can lead to Torsade de Pointes and sudden death. Many antimalarial drugs prolong QT/QTc interval. However, due to confounding factors in patients with malaria, the precise extent of this effect has been found to be highly variable among studies. We compared the effects of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate (DHA-PQP) and artemether-lumefantrine (A-L) on QT interval duration in healthy volunteers. In this randomized, parallel groups, active moxifloxacin- and placebo-controlled study, prolongation of the QT/QTc interval following treatment with DHA-PQP in fasted and fed condition and A-L in fed state was investigated in healthy subjects (n = 287; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01103830). DHA-PQP resulted in significant mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) maximum increases in QTc Fridericia (QTcF) of 21.0 ms (15.7, 26.4) for DHA-PQP fasted, 35.9 ms (31.1, 40.6) for DHA-PQP high-fat/low-caloric and 46.0 ms (39.6, 52.3) for DHA-PQP high-fat/high-caloric breakfast. For A-L, the largest difference from baseline relative to placebo was 9.9 ms (95% CI: 6.8, 12.9). Increases in QTcF related to maximum plasma concentrations of piperaquine. Moxifloxacin demonstrated assay sensitivity. Increases in QTcF following DHA-PQP and A-L were clinically relevant. Food increased piperaquine exposure and QTcF interval prolongation emphasizing the need to administer DHA-PQP in the fasting state.
RgsD negatively controls development, toxigenesis, stress response, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Kim Young , Lee Min-Woo , Jun Sang-Cheol , Choi Yong-Ho , Yu Jae-Hyuk , Shin Kwang-Soo
Published: January 2019

The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain proteins generally attenuate heterotrimeric G protein signaling, thereby fine-tune the duration and strength of signal transduction. In this study, we characterize the functions of RgsD, one of the six RGS domain proteins present in the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The deletion (Δ) of rgsD results in enhanced asexual sporulation coupled with increased mRNA levels of key developmental activators. Moreover, ΔrgsD leads to increased spore tolerance to UV and oxidative stress, which might be associated with the enhanced expression of melanin biosynthetic genes and increased amount of melanin. Yeast two-hybrid assays reveal that RgsD can interact with the three Gα proteins GpaB, GanA, and GpaA, showing the highest interaction potential with GpaB. Importantly, the ΔrgsD mutant shows elevated expression of genes in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and PKA catalytic activity. The ΔrgsD mutant also display increased gliotoxin production and elevated virulence toward Galleria mellonella wax moth larvae. Transcriptomic analyses using RNA-seq reveal the expression changes associated with the diverse phenotypic outcomes caused by ΔrgsD. Collectively, we conclude that RgsD attenuates cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and negatively regulates asexual development, toxigenesis, melanin production, and virulence in A. fumigatus.
Study of CuO Nanowire Growth on Different Copper Surfaces
Authors: Fritz-Popovski Gerhard , Sosada-Ludwikowska Florentyna , Köck Anton , Keckes Jozef , Maier Günther A.
Published: January 2019

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanowires were produced by thermal oxidation of copper surfaces at temperatures up to 450 °C. Three different surfaces, namely a copper foil as well as evaporation deposited copper and an application relevant sputtered copper film on Si(100) substrates were characterized ex-situ before and after the experiment. The development of oxide layers and nanowires were monitored in-situ using grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. The number density of nanowires is highest for the sputtered surface and lowest for the surface prepared by evaporation deposition. This can be linked to different oxide grain sizes and copper grain boundary diffusions on the different surfaces. Small grains of the copper substrate and high surface roughness thereby lead to promoted growth of the nanowires.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract causes ROS-induced necrotic cell death and inhibits tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Almudena , Barrajón-Catalán Enrique , Ruiz-Torres Verónica , Agulló-Chazarra Luz , Herranz-López María , Valdés Alberto , Cifuentes Alejandro , Micol Vicente
Published: January 2019

Colorectal cancer is the third most common diagnosed cancer globally. Although substantial advances have been obtained both in treatment and survival rates, there is still a need for new therapeutical approaches. Natural compounds are a realistic source of new bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. Among them, rosemary polyphenols have shown a vast antiproliferative capacity against colon cancer cells in vitro and in animal models. We have investigated the antitumor activity of a rosemary extract (RE) obtained by using supercritical fluid extraction through its capacity to inhibit various signatures of cancer progression and metastasis such as proliferation, migration, invasion and clonogenic survival. RE strongly inhibited proliferation, migration and colony formation of colon cancer cells regardless their phenotype. Treatment with RE led to a sharp increase of intracellular ROS that resulted in necrosis cell death. Nrf2 gene silencing increased RE cytotoxic effects, thus suggesting that this pathway was involved in cell survival. These in vitro results were in line with a reduction of tumor growth by oral administration of RE in a xenograft model of colon cancer cells using athymic nude mice. These findings indicate that targeting colon cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS and decreasing cell survival mechanisms may suppose a therapeutic option in colon cancer through the combination of rosemary compounds and chemotherapeutic drugs.
Formation of environmentally stable hole-doped graphene films with instantaneous and high-density carrier doping via a boron-based oxidant
Authors: Kanahashi Kaito , Tanaka Naoki , Shoji Yoshiaki , Maruyama Mina , Jeon Il , Kawahara Kenji , Ishihara Masatou , Hasegawa Masataka , Ohta Hiromichi , Ago Hiroki , Matsuo Yutaka , Okada Susumu , Fukushima Takanori , Takenobu Taishi
Published: February 2019

Large-area graphene films have substantial potential for use as next-generation electrodes because of their good chemical stability, high flexibility, excellent carrier mobility, and lightweight structure. However, various issues remain unsolved. In particular, high-density carrier doping within a short time by a simple method, and air stability of doped graphene films, are highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate a solution-based high-density (>1014 cm−2) hole doping approach that promises to push the performance limit of graphene films. The reaction of graphene films with a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt, containing a two-coordinate boron cation, achieves doping within an extremely short time (4 s), and the doped graphene films are air stable for at least 31 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the graphene films are covered by the chemically stable anions, resulting in an improved stability in air. Moreover, the doping reduces the transmittance by only 0.44 ± 0.23%. The simplicity of the doping process offers a viable route to the large-scale production of functional graphene electrodes.
Changes in long-range rDNA-genomic interactions associate with altered RNA polymerase II gene programs during malignant transformation
Authors: Diesch Jeannine , Bywater Megan J. , Sanij Elaine , Cameron Donald P. , Schierding William , Brajanovski Natalie , Son Jinbae , Sornkom Jirawas , Hein Nadine , Evers Maurits , Pearson Richard B. , McArthur Grant A. , Ganley Austen R. D. , O’Sullivan Justin M. , Hannan Ross D. , Poortinga Gretchen
Published: January 2019

The three-dimensional organization of the genome contributes to its maintenance and regulation. While chromosomal regions associate with nucleolar ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), the biological significance of rDNA-genome interactions and whether they are dynamically regulated during disease remain unclear. rDNA chromatin exists in multiple inactive and active states and their transition is regulated by the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBTF. Here, using a MYC-driven lymphoma model, we demonstrate that during malignant progression the rDNA chromatin converts to the open state, which is required for tumor cell survival. Moreover, this rDNA transition co-occurs with a reorganization of rDNA-genome contacts which correlate with gene expression changes at associated loci, impacting gene ontologies including B-cell differentiation, cell growth and metabolism. We propose that UBTF-mediated conversion to open rDNA chromatin during malignant transformation contributes to the regulation of specific gene pathways that regulate growth and differentiation through reformed long-range physical interactions with the rDNA.
Cupric-superoxide complex that induces a catalytic aldol reaction-type C–C bond formation
Authors: Abe Tsukasa , Hori Yuta , Shiota Yoshihito , Ohta Takehiro , Morimoto Yuma , Sugimoto Hideki , Ogura Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Itoh Shinobu
Published: February 2019

Much recent attention has been focused on the structure and reactivity of transition-metal superoxide complexes, among which mononuclear copper(II)-superoxide complexes are recognized as key reactive intermediates in many biological and abiological dioxygen-activation processes. So far, several types of copper(II)-superoxide complexes have been developed and their electrophilic reactivity has been explored in C–H and O–H bond activation reactions. Here we demonstrate that a mononuclear copper(II)-(end-on)superoxide complex supported by a N-[(2-pyridyl)methyl]-1,5-diazacyclooctane tridentate ligand can induce catalytic C–C bond formation reaction between carbonyl compounds (substrate) and the solvent molecule (acetone), giving β-hydroxy-ketones (aldol). Kinetic and spectroscopic studies at low temperature as well as DFT calculation studies support a nucleophilic reactivity of the superoxide species toward the carbonyl compounds, providing new insights into the reactivity of transition-metal superoxide species not only in biological oxidation reactions but also in synthetic organic chemistry.
A case study for the formation of stanene on a metal surface
Authors: Maniraj M. , Stadtmüller B. , Jungkenn D. , Düvel M. , Emmerich S. , Shi W. , Stöckl J. , Lyu L. , Kollamana J. , Wei Z. , Jurenkow A. , Jakobs S. , Yan B. , Steil S. , Cinchetti M. , Mathias S. , Aeschlimann M.
Published: February 2019

The discovery and realization of graphene as an ideal two-dimensional (2D) material has triggered extensive efforts to create similar 2D materials with exciting spin-dependent properties. Here, we report on a novel Sn 2D superstructure on Au(111) that shows similarities and differences to the expected electronic features of ideal stanene. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we find that a particular Sn/Au superstructure reveals a linearly dispersing band centered at the$${\bar{\mathrm \Gamma }}$$Γ¯-point and below the Fermi level with anti-parallel spin polarization and a Fermi velocity ofvF≈ 1×106m/s, the same value as for graphene. We attribute the origin of the band structure to the hybridization between the Sn and the Au orbitals at the 2D Sn-Au interface. Considering that free-standing stanene simply cannot exist, our investigated structure is an important step towards the search of useful stanene-like overstructures for future technological applications.
Porous protein crystals as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Kowalski Ann E. , Johnson Lucas B. , Dierl Holly K. , Park Sehoo , Huber Thaddaus R. , Snow Christopher D.
Published: January 2019

Highly porous crosslinked protein crystals immobilize enzymes by metal affinity and physical entrapment for catalysis and recycling.
Micro/nano-bubble assisted synthesis of Au/TiO2@CNTs composite photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous styrene and its enhanced catalytic mechanism
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Li Guiying , Liu Hongli , Chen Jiangyao , Ma Shengtao , An Taicheng
Published: January 2019

A facile micro/nano-bubble method was firstly applied to synthesize an Au/TiO2@CNT composite photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous styrene.
Vitamin A inhibits the action of LPS on the intestinal epithelial barrier function and tight junction proteins
Authors: He Caimei , Deng Jun , Hu Xin , Zhou Sichun , Wu Jingtao , Xiao Di , Darko Kwame Oteng , Huang Yanjun , Tao Ting , Peng Mei , Wang Zhiren , Yang Xiaoping
Published: January 2019

Inflammation caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic toxins results in intestinal barrier dysfunction, contributing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other diseases.
Near-infrared light-driven photocatalytic NaYF4:Yb,Tm@ZnO core/shell nanomaterials and their performance
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Zhao Suling , Xu Zheng , Zhang Ligang , Zuo Pengfei , Wu Qixiao
Published: January 2019

Herein, the infrared-responsive photocatalyst NaYF4:Yb,Tm@ZnO has been successfully synthesized by combining semiconductor ZnO with an upconversion material, NaYF4:Yb,Tm.
Development and application of novel bio-magnetic membrane capsules for the removal of the cationic dye malachite green in wastewater treatment
Authors: Ali Imran , Peng Changsheng , Naz Iffat , Lin Dichu , Saroj Devendra P. , Ali Mohsin
Published: January 2019

Novel bio-magnetic membrane capsules were prepared by a simple two-step titration-gel cross-linking method using a polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate matrix to control the disintegration of phytogenic magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous media.
The synthesis of hierarchical high-silica beta zeolites in NaF media
Authors: Xiong Guang , Feng Miaomiao , Liu Jiaxu , Meng Qingrun , Liu Liping , Guo Hongchen
Published: January 2019

Hierarchical high-silica beta zeolites were synthesized using an aerosol assisted hydrothermal method in NaF media.
Model-based scale-up and reactor design for solvent-free synthesis of an ionic liquid in a millistructured flow reactor
Authors: Schwolow Sebastian , Mutsch Benedikt , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten
Published: January 2019

Based on kinetic investigations in microreactors, a millistructured plate reactor for a solvent-free ionic liquid synthesis was designed by combining several scale-up concepts to maintain thermal stability.
University chemistry students’ interpretations of multiple representations of the helium atom
Authors: Roche Allred Zahilyn D. , Bretz Stacey Lowery
Published: January 2019

Multiple chemistry education research studies at the secondary level have characterized students’ difficulties regarding a conceptual understanding of the quantum model of the atom. This research explores undergraduate students’ interpretations of multiple representations of the atom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-year university chemistry students (n= 26) and second-semester physical chemistry students (n= 8) after they were taught and tested on the quantum model of the atom in their respective courses. During the interview, students were asked to interpret four representations of the atom (an electron cloud model, a probability representation, a boundary surface representation, and the Bohr model) and to rank each of the representations from most preferred to the least preferred. Nearly two-thirds of the students ranked the electron cloud and Bohr-model as their two most preferred representations. Students invoked ideas from classical mechanics to interpret the electron cloud model and used probabilistic language to describe the Bohr model of the atom.
Breakage of vesicles in a simple shear flow
Authors: Pal Ankush , Khakhar D. V.
Published: January 2019

The aspect ratios of vesicles under simple shear flow increase with time, leading to elongation into threads and breakup.
Capillary displacement of viscous liquids in a multi-layered porous medium
Authors: Ashraf Shabina , Phirani Jyoti
Published: January 2019

Capillary driven displacement of viscous liquids in a layered porous medium is dependent on the arrangement of the layers and the permeability contrast between the layers.
Enhanced cluster order–disorder transition-induced dilatancy in silane-functionalized nanosilica colloids
Authors: Katiyar Ajay , Nandi Tandra , Katiyar Priyanka , Dhar Purbarun , Prasad N. Eswara
Published: January 2019

Herein, we report that s-f-n-Si based STFs demonstrates high energy absorption capability and high shear thickening performance as compared to the n-Si based STFs.
Star-shaped magnesium tetraethynylporphyrin bearing four peripheral electron-accepting diketopyrrolopyrrole functionalities for organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Huan , Yue Qihui , Nakagawa Takafumi , Zieleniewska Anna , Okada Hiroshi , Ogumi Keisuke , Ueno Hiroshi , Guldi Dirk M. , Zhu Xiaozhang , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: January 2019

Star-shaped magnesium porphyrins with four diketopyrrolopyrrole units conjugated by four ethynyl linkers work as electron donors for organic solar cells.
Recent advances in layered double hydroxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cai Zhengyang , Bu Xiuming , Wang Ping , Ho Johnny C. , Yang Junhe , Wang Xianying
Published: January 2019

This review summarizes recent progress in layered double hydroxide oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts including design strategies, key issues and future prospects.
A facile strategy for high performance recyclable polymer systems via dynamic metal ion crosslinking
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Liu Zhimeng , Zhou Changlin , Yuan Ye , Jiang Liang , Wu Bo , Lei Jingxin
Published: January 2019

Incorporation of pendant carboxyl during the synthesis process and reactive processing can be adopted to prepare high performance recyclable polymer systems.
Facile microwave assisted synthesis of vastly edge exposed 1T/2H-MoS2 with enhanced activity for hydrogen evolution catalysis
Authors: Lee Young Bum , Kim Seong K. , Ji Seulgi , Song Wooseok , Chung Hee-Suk , Choi Moon Kang , Lee Minbaek , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , An Ki-Seok , Lee Sun Sook
Published: January 2019

One-step microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of a 1T–2H MoS2 heterostructure with excellent stability and electrocatalytic performance of 1T-MoS2 as a hydrogen evolution catalyst.
Rare earth-free composites of carbon dots/metal–organic frameworks as white light emitting phosphors
Authors: Wang Aiwu , Hou Yun-Long , Kang Fengwen , Lyu Fucong , Xiong Yuan , Chen Wen-Cheng , Lee Chun-Sing , Xu Zhengtao , Rogach Andrey L. , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang
Published: January 2019

Here we report a new type of white light-emission material that is free of rare earth metals, fabricated by conveniently compositing carbon dots (CDs) with Zr(iv)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
Lanthanide cation encapsulated in a metal–organic framework as a white LED and selective naked-eye reversible HCl sensor
Authors: Li Huijun , Li Qingqing , Xu Zhouqing
Published: January 2019

A prepared anionic HPU-14, which was employed as a platform for loading green-emitting Tb3+ and red-emitting Eu3+ into nanotube channels of the blue-emitting MOF via an ion-exchange process, is suitable for white light-emitting LED devices and enables the sensitive colorimetric reversible detection of gaseous HCl.
Emissions from a triphenylamine–benzothiadiazole–monocarbaborane triad and its applications as a fluorescent chemosensor and a white OLED component
Authors: Peng Zhixing , Zhang Kang , Huang Zongwei , Wang Zaibin , Duttwyler Simon , Wang Yanguang , Lu Ping
Published: January 2019

Monocarbaborane was firstly derived to be an emissive compound for the investigation of the fluorescent structure–property relationship, and applied as a fluorescent chemosensor for silver detection as well as an optoelectronic material for white OLEDs.
Structural and electrical characterization of monolithic core–double shell n-GaN/Al/p-AlGaN nanowire heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Sadaf S. M. , Ra Y.-H. , Zhao S. , Szkopek T. , Mi Z.
Published: January 2019

We have studied the epitaxy and structural characterization of monolithic n-GaN/Al/p-AlGaN nanowire heterostructures.
Correction: Identification of potential serum biomarkers of acute paraquat poisoning in humans using an iTRAQ quantitative proteomic
Authors: Wei Liming , Wang Yi , Lin Ling , Zhang Lei , Shi Yan , Xiang Ping , Cao Shujun , Shen Min , Yang Pengyuan
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Identification of potential serum biomarkers of acute paraquat poisoning in humans using an iTRAQ quantitative proteomic’ by Liming Wei et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 10598–10609.
M‐WRSF model for medical image segmentation
Authors: Jiang Haiyang , Piao Songhao , Qadir Muhammad Zuhair , Guo Qi
Published: February 2019

In this Letter, multichannel weighted region‐scalable fitting segmentation model (M‐WRSF) is proposed for medical image segmentation. The authors have utilised a new edge detection function to improve the performance of image segmentation approaches that already exists on weak edges and the grey‐scale inhomogeneity of some medical images. The M‐WRSF model introduces a novel punishment item to improve numerical stability and augments time interval to boost iterative efficiency. The Gaussian kernel function is added on the basis of original model to enhance robustness. On the other side, the original medical images need to make de‐noising operation before the multichannel active contour model segment them, and also level‐set initial curve has no effect on the segmentation results. The benefits of the new M‐WRSF model, specifically, the increased efficiency and usability, are verified in the simulation experiment.
Effect of processing parameters on laser sintering of silver MOD inks for inkjet printing
Authors: Yang Yupeng , Liu Dachuan , Zhao Pengbing , Huang Jin
Published: February 2019

Sintering is essential for inkjet printing and laser sintering is a promising sintering technology. In this study, the effect of laser sintering processing parameters on the sintering quality of silver content metal‐organic‐decomposition (MOD) inks is studied. A novel mathematic model is developed to reveal the temperature evolutions in MOD inks and the substrates during laser sintering. In the novel model, the change of thermal conductivity of MOD inks is taken into consideration for the first time to improve simulation accuracy. The simulation results agree well with the experiments, showing the advantages of the mathematic model. The surface morphology of the sintered MOD inks are also observed through experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that the laser sintering processing parameters have significant effects on the sintering quality. With authors’ optimised laser sintering processing parameters, the printed pattern can be sufficiently sintered and its electronic conductivity can reach 1.56 × 10–7 S/m. Thus, a sintering optimisation strategy is proposed based on the results. Finally, a microstrip antenna is fabricated with the optimised sintering strategy. The performance of the antenna agree well with the simulation results, indicating authors’ optimising strategy is useful for industrial production.
Extended unified wrench model suitable for the end effect of the ironless permanent magnet planar motor
Authors: Yuan Ding , Zhang Ming , Zhu Yu , Wang Leijie , Li Xin , Hu Chuxiong
Published: February 2019

The ironless permanent magnet (PM) planar motor (IPMPM) has great potential to realise multi‐degree of freedom (DoF) motion. The insufficient ability to model the end effect limits its performance. Here, an extended unified wrench model (EUWM) of IPMPM is proposed through a systematic extension of previously proposed unified wrench model (UWM). Based on the concept of periodic extension, the EUWM is established in three steps. First, the side region and the vertex region are defined and extended into periodic pattern and the residual magnetisation vectors of the PM array in each region are expressed in Fourier series form. Then, the problem with unequal periods in the x and y direction is presented. Second, the space is divided into three layers and the magnetic flux density in each layer is solved by scalar potential method. In the last step, the decoupling characteristic of the wrench vector act on the infinitesimal current carrying volume is found. Then, the analytical expression of the EUWM is derived. It is much more general and suitable for the IPMPM with arbitrary‐shaped coil and the PM array with unequal periods in the x and y direction. Finally, the EUWM is verified by experiment.
RDS(on) vs. inductance: comparison of SiC MOSFETs in 7pin D2Pak and 4pin TO‐247 and their benefits for high‐power MHz inverters
Authors: Denk Fabian , Haehre Karsten , Eizaguirre Cabrera Santiago , Simon Christoph , Heidinger Michael , Kling Rainer , Heering Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

In this work, the authors present their investigations of the benefits of combining the latest silicon carbide MOSFETs with novel packages for electronic ballasts of inductively coupled plasmas. Such plasmas require MHz inverters with output powers above 2 kW. Additionally, for a breakthrough of the technology efficiencies >90% have to be realised. It has been shown that a combination is achievable with SiC FETs. Nevertheless, even though the transistors have undergone significant development in recent years, one limiting factor has mostly remained untouched. The common TO‐247 package does not fit to the requirements of a fast switching application. Within the latest launch of the new generations of SiC MOSFETs, some are available in novel packages with kelvin source connection, like 4pin TO‐247 and 7pin D2Pak. The authors compare three versions of the latest generation in a resonant full‐bridge inverter and in application‐oriented test. Thereby, the 7pin D2Pak and one of the 4pin TO‐247 transistors were 65 mΩ devices and the second 4pin TO‐247 FET was a 45 mΩ device. For the investigations, the authors made simulations, built three MHz inverters, and conducted measurements. Consequently, efficiencies of 93.9% could be achieved at a switching frequency of 2.5 MHz and an output power of Pout=2.6 kW.
Resonance behaviour of the reactions pp → {pp}sπ0 and pd → pdππ in the 1-2 GeV region
Authors: Uzikov Yu.N.
Published: February 2019

Resonance peaks observed in the cross sections of the reaction pp → {pp}sπ0, where {pp}s is the 1S0 state of the proton pair, and pd → pdππ in the GeV region are considered in the framework of mechanisms involving known baryon and two-baryon resonances.
Mesons in NA61/SHINE
Authors: Marcinek Antoni
Published: February 2019

This contribution presents a selection of recent results on meson production from the NA61/SHINE experiment. The results include spectra of ø mesons in p + p collisions at 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momenta, as well as π±, K±, ρ0, ω and K*0 mesons in π− + C collisions at 158 GeV/c and 350 GeV/c. They are compared with predictions of several models. A spectacular failure of considered models is observed for ø, ρ0 and K*0 production. Also a very peculiar system size dependence of the longitudinal evolution of ø production, contrasting with all other measured hadrons, is shown. Finally, preliminary results on spectator-induced electromagnetic effects in π± production in Ar + Sc at 150A GeV/c are presented, bringing information on space-time evolution of the hot and dense matter created in the collision.
Discrete symmetries studies at KLOE-2
Authors: Kisielewska Daria
Published: February 2019

The KLOE and KLOE-2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (Italy) collected almost 8 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at the energy equal to the mass of ϕ meson. The excellent time resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter and the very good accuracy on both momentum and vertex reconstruction of the tracking system allow to study discrete symmetries to the utmost precision as well as light meson spectroscopy, dark forces searches, hadronic cross-section measurements and studies of γγ-physics. CPT symmetry test with the lepton charge asymmetry measured in KS semileptonic decays with 1.7 fb−1 of KLOE data, tests of time reversal and CPT in transitions in $\phi \to {K_S}{K_L} \to \pi ev,\,3{\pi ^0}(2{\pi ^0})$ decays with newly acquired data with the KLOE-2 detector will be presented and discussed.
Study of ϕ(2170) at BESIII
Authors: Gao Xinlei
Published: February 2019

After the first observation of ϕ(2170) in the process ${e^ + }{e^ - } \to {\gamma _{ISR}}\phi {f_0}(980)$, several theoretical interpretations have been proposed to explain the nature of ϕ(2170). Aspects of ϕ(2170) are still not fully understood until now. Large J/ψ events and energy scan data samples collected by the BESIII detector provide the opportunity to perform the further study to ϕ(2170). In this presentation, $J/\psi \to \eta \phi (2170)$ and ${e^ + }{e^ - } \to \eta \phi (2170)$ are studied to improve the measurements of mass and width of ϕ(2170). e+e− → K+K−, $\phi {K^ + }{K^ - }$ and K+K−K+K− are investigated to search for the new decay mode of ϕ(2170). Those studies would be useful for improving the understanding of the nature of ϕ(2170).
Undergraduate students’ understanding of the Moon phase change in a course for trainee teachers in compulsory education
Authors: Kawamura Norihito , Naganuma Yuusei
Published: February 2019

The authors conducted two classes for undergraduate students. The aim of these experimental classes is to find better way to reduce the number of students with misconceptions related to the Moon’s phase change and increase the number of students with correct understanding of a lunar eclipse. To make deep knowledge of a lunar eclipse, in one class, we carried out practical work utilizing the scale size model kits. In another class, the students performed the work utilizing conceptual model kits. Finally, we found that the scale size model kit could reduce the number of students who believe the Moon phase change occurs due to a lunar eclipse.
Clusterization by the K-means method when K is unknown
Authors: Litvinenko Natalya , Mamyrbayev Orken , Shayakhmetova Assem , Turdalyuly Mussa
Published: February 2019

There are various methods of objects’ clusterization used in different areas of machine learning. Among the vast amount of clusterization methods, the K-means method is one of the most popular. Such a method has as pros as cons. Speaking about the advantages of this method, we can mention the rather high speed of objects clusterization. The main disadvantage is a necessity to know the number of clusters before the experiment. This paper describes the new way and the new method of clusterization, based on the K-means method. The method we suggest is also quite fast in terms of processing speed, however, it does not require the user to know in advance the exact number of clusters to be processed. The user only has to define the range within which the number of clusters is located. Besides, using suggested method there is a possibility to limit the radius of clusters, which would allow finding objects that express the criteria of one cluster in the most distinctive and accurate way, and it would also allow limiting the number of objects in each cluster within the certain range.
Design and Realization of Online Teaching Platform Based on WebPlus in Medical University
Authors: Yu Qinglian , Qi Tao
Published: February 2019

Online teaching platform is a teaching method that advocates the guidance of teachers and focuses on students. The traditional teaching mode can't meet the education mode in the information age, the position and function of teaching platform and teaching resources in the teaching activities of teachers and students are becoming more and more obvious. Based on the management platform of the website group, this paper builds a online teaching platform conforming to the teaching characteristics of medical colleges, aiming at completing the intellectualization of the teaching platform and effectiveness of the design of teaching resources, stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning and improving teachers' teaching quality.
Homöopathie, Molekularbiologie, Genetik
Authors: Würger Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Neuere Forschungsergebnisse aus Molekularbiologie und Genetik liefern Hinweise darauf, wie man sich Wirkungen homöopathischer Arzneien auf zellulärer Ebene vorstellen kann. Demnach wären diese Arzneien imstande, Einfluss auf die Genregulation nehmen. Es stellt sich die Frage, in welcher Beziehung solche naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zum Wissenschaftsparadigma der Homöopathie stehen und wie ein sich darauf gründender interdisziplinärer Dialog aussehen könnte.
Homöopathische Behandlung kindlicher akuter oberer Atemwegsinfektionen
Authors: Bündner Martin
Published: January 2019

In einem Cochrane-Review wurde anhand doppelblinder, randomisierter kontrollierter (Cluster-)Studien (RCTs) die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass die homöopathische Behandlung von akuten Atemwegsinfekten bei Kindern von 0–16 Jahren weder wirksam noch sicher sei. Dieser Artikel soll anhand von 13 exemplarischen Einzelfällen kasuistisch darstellen, dass die Darstellung der individuellen Behandlung den Ergebnissen von doppelblind-randomisierten kontrollierten (Cluster-)Studien überlegen und durchaus sehr wirksam und sicher ist
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Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer)
Authors: Beaudouin Florian , der Fünten Karen , Tröß Tobias , Reinsberger Claus , Meyer Tim
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker Sportmagazin®” as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1st German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07–2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56–2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.
Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrogermylation of Fluorinated Alkyl Propiolate
Authors: Kawtharani Ranin. , Elmasri Mirvat , Cherry Khalil , Jacquemin Johan , Abarbri Mohamed
Published: January 2019

The selective introduction of fluoroalkylated vinylmetals in controlled strategies is a challenging process for many chemists. This study reports the highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of functionalized vinylgermanes bearing a perfluoroalkyl group from per­fluoroalkylated acetylenic esters via AlCl3-catalyzed hydrogermylation. Regio- and stereoselectivity are highly dependent on the nature of the catalyst and the nature of the fluoroalkyl group of alkyne.
Topographically selective deposition
Authors: Chaker A. , Vallee C. , Pesce V. , Belahcen S. , Vallat R. , Gassilloud R. , Posseme N. , Bonvalot M. , Bsiesy A.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we present a topographically Selective Deposition process which allows the vertical only coating of three-dimensional (3D) nano-structures. This process is based on the alternate use of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and sputtering carried out in a PEALD reactor equipped with a radio-frequency substrate biasing kit. A so-called super-cycle has been conceived, which consists of 100 standard deposition cycles followed by an anisotropic argon sputtering induced by the application of a 13.56 MHz biasing waveform to the substrate holder in the PEALD chamber. This sputtering step removes the deposited material on horizontal surfaces only, and the sequential deposition/etch process allows effective deposition on vertical surfaces only. Thus, it opens up a route for topographically selective deposition, which can be of interest for the fabrication of 3D vertical Metal-Insulator-Metal devices.
Characterization of supersonic and subsonic gas targets for laser wakefield electron acceleration experiments
Authors: Lorenz S. , Grittani G. , Chacon-Golcher E. , Lazzarini C. M. , Limpouch J. , Nawaz F. , Nevrkla M. , Vilanova L. , Levato T.
Published: January 2019

The choice of the correct density profile is crucial in laser wakefield acceleration. In this work, both subsonic and supersonic gas targets are characterized by means of fluid-dynamic simulations and experimental interferometric measurements. The gas targets are studied in different configurations, and the density profiles most suitable for laser wakefield acceleration are discussed.
From erotic desire to egalitarian romantic passion
Authors: Tsui Jean
Published: January 2019

Informed by the sociological theory of “Conventionalization” developed by Frederick Bartlett, the article examines transformations the expression “love” brought to the indigenous Chinese socio-moral-emotive paradigm during the early twentieth century. It focuses on examining usages and semantic connotations of “愛”, a loose Chinese equivalence of love, in Yínbiān yànyǔ 吟邊燕語 (Chanting the Swallows’ Talks), a translation by Lín Shū 林紓 (1852–1924) of Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare published in 1904, a time that witnessed a vast number of translation projects as well as the transformative impacts they brought to China. By illustrating how “ai” in Lin’s translation has departed radically from its traditional usages as depicted in the mid-Qing novel The Story of the Stone (紅樓夢 Hónglóu mèng) and become a close equivalence of the western notion of love, the article shows that the Chinese’s emotional experiences during the early modern period may in all likelihood be different from those of the West, but the two seem to have become increasing comparable. When we seek to understand modern Chinese emotional experience, apart from asking how it is ethnically, socially, culturally, historically different, it might be equally important to ask in what ways the West has made it different from before, and how it has managed to retain its unique identity during a time of radical transformation.
Édouard Pichon, phonologue
Authors: Bergounioux Gabriel
Published: February 2019

Édouard Pichon (1890–1940), qui est l’un des introducteurs de la psychanalyse en France, est surtout connu pour la grammaire Des mots à la pensée (1930–1950) qu’il a écrite avec Jacques Damourette (1873–1943). On sait moins qu’il a cherché à concilier la représentation mentale des sons avec les propositions phonologiques de Troubetzkoy. Dans une note manuscrite publiée pour la première fois dans cet article, il a tenté d’établir une distinction dans le vocalisme du français par la combinaison des traits d’aperture et de longueur. Il conjecture en particulier entre le /o/ et le /ɔ/ en syllabe finale ouverte une opposition qui n’est attestée dans aucun registre du français central. Il considère cette opposition comme un usage propre aux classes supérieures, transformant l’image orthographique des mots en un artefact de la perception.
Directions for the future of technology in pronunciation research and teaching
Authors: O’Brien Mary Grantham , Derwing Tracey M. , Cucchiarini Catia , Hardison Debra M. , Mixdorff Hansjörg , Thomson Ron I. , Strik Helmer , Levis John M. , Munro Murray J. , Foote Jennifer A. , Levis Greta Muller
Published: January 2019

This paper reports on the role of technology in state-of-the-art pronunciation research and instruction, and makes concrete suggestions for future developments. The point of departure for this contribution is that the goal of second language (L2) pronunciation research and teaching should be enhanced comprehensibility and intelligibility as opposed to native-likeness. Three main areas are covered here. We begin with a presentation of advanced uses of pronunciation technology in research with a special focus on the expertise required to carry out even small-scale investigations. Next, we discuss the nature of data in pronunciation research, pointing to ways in which future work can build on advances in corpus research and crowdsourcing. Finally, we consider how these insights pave the way for researchers and developers working to create research-informed, computer-assisted pronunciation teaching resources. We conclude with predictions for future developments.
Visualizing the acoustic and gestural beats of emphasis in multimodal discourse
Authors: Hardison Debra M.
Published: January 2019

Perceivers’ attention is entrained to the rhythm of a speaker’s gestural and acoustic beats. When different rhythms (polyrhythms) occur across the visual and auditory modalities of speech simultaneously, attention may be heightened, enhancing memorability of the sequence. In this three-stage study, Stage 1 analyzed videorecordings of native English-speaking instructors, focusing on frame-by-frame analysis of time-aligned annotations from Praat and Anvil (video annotation tool) of polyrhythmic sequences. Stage 2 explored the perceivers’ perspective on the sequences’ discourse role. Stage 3 analyzed 10 international teaching assistants’ gestures, and implemented a multistep technology-assisted program to enhance verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Findings demonstrated (a) a dynamic temporal gesture-speech relationship involving perturbations of beat intervals surrounding pitch-accented vowels, (b) the sequences’ important role as highlighters of information, and (c) improvement of ITA confidence, teaching effectiveness, and ability to communicate important points. Findings support the joint production of gesture and prosodically prominent features.
What is corpus linguistics?
Authors: Esimaje Alexandra U. , Hunston Susan
Published: January 2019

Corpus Linguistics has made great strides in language research and teaching but it is only fairly known, and thus its potentials lost, to many African academics and linguistic communities. The aim of this chapter is to introduce corpus linguistics to those African researchers and others who are not yet familiar with, or have limited knowledge of, the field and who are interested in using this method for linguistic analysis. The chapter introduces the concept of corpus linguistics (Section 1), explains some of the key terms and concepts used in it (Section 2), and considers the types of corpora, as well as the scope and applications of corpus linguistics (Section 3).
Addressing a coverage gap in African Englishes
Authors: Ozón Gabriel , FitzGerald Sarah , Green Melanie
Published: January 2019

This paper illustrates the uses of a tagged corpus of spoken Cameroon Pidgin English (CPE), which has recently been finalised (Ozón et al. 2017) and made available online (Green et al. 2016). The corpus consists of 240,000 words, with mark-up and part-of-speech-tagging. Text categories and proportions of monologue/dialogue are guided by those of the ICE project (Nelson 1996), making the CPE corpus comparable with existing corpora of post-colonial Englishes. This tagged corpus offers an invaluable resource for the investigation of CPE, particularly in addressing issues of multifunctionality in pidgin or creole languages. We introduce the dataset and present case studies illustrating its potential uses, in order to highlight the usefulness of this freely accessible resource for research on African languages.