bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study and Concept Evaluation on Tree-Interior Imaging Radar Using Sinusoidal Template-Based Focusing Algorithm
Authors: Yılmaz Betül , Gökkan Serhat , Özdemir Caner
Published: November 2017

An algorithm for detecting cavities inside a tree-body is presented with simulation and measured examples. The details of the imaging algorithm that is based on sinusoidal template focusing routine are given. First, the algorithm is tested with the simulation scenario for which perfect reconstruction of the simulated cavity structure together with tree-body is successfully formed in MATLAB programming environment. Then, the algorithm is applied to the measurement data that have been collected from a laboratory set-up. Collected backscattered measurements from the tree-body (with cavity) structure are used to generate the image of the scene by the help of our proposed algorithm. The resultant radar images of the measured data collected from the laboratory arrangement have shown the applicability of the developed algorithm for the detection of cavity structures inside tree-bodies.
Biochemical Analysis of Histone Succinylation
Authors: Yokoyama Atsushi , Katsura Shogo , Sugawara Akira
Published: November 2017

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins is used to regulate protein activity and stability. Histone PTMs are regarded as some of the most important, as they can directly regulate gene expression through chromatin reorganization. Recently, histone proteins were found to undergo succinylation, adding to other well-known PTMs such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. However, there is little information regarding the enzyme which catalyzes histone lysine succinylation. In fact, it is unclear whether this reaction is enzymatic. In this study, we tested histone succinylation activity in vitro using cell nuclear extracts of HepG2 cells. Although whole nuclear extracts did not show histone succinylation activity, we found that an SP 1.0 M KCl fraction of nuclear extracts indeed had such activity. These data offer the first direct evidence that histone succinylation is an enzymatic PTM as are other histone codes in the nucleus.
Cross-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Multiple Kernel Learning of Joint Sample and Feature Matching
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: November 2017

Cross-corpus speech emotion recognition, which learns an accurate classifier for new test data using old and labeled training data, has shown promising value in speech emotion recognition research. Most previous works have explored two learning strategies independently for cross-corpus speech emotion recognition: feature matching and sample reweighting. In this paper, we show that both strategies are important and inevitable when the distribution difference is substantially large for training and test data. We therefore put forward a novel multiple kernel learning of joint sample and feature matching (JSFM-MKL) to model them in a unified optimization problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed JSFM-MKL outperforms the competitive algorithms for cross-corpus speech emotion recognition.
TIMER: A Web Server for Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells
Authors: Li Taiwen , Fan Jingyu , Wang Binbin , Traugh Nicole , Chen Qianming , Liu Jun S. , Li Bo , Liu X. Shirley
Published: November 2017

Recent clinical successes of cancer immunotherapy necessitate the investigation of the interaction between malignant cells and the host immune system. However, elucidation of complex tumor–immune interactions presents major computational and experimental challenges. Here, we present Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER; cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer) to comprehensively investigate molecular characterization of tumor–immune interactions. Levels of six tumor-infiltrating immune subsets are precalculated for 10,897 tumors from 32 cancer types. TIMER provides 6 major analytic modules that allow users to interactively explore the associations between immune infiltrates and a wide spectrum of factors, including gene expression, clinical outcomes, somatic mutations, and somatic copy number alterations. TIMER provides a user-friendly web interface for dynamic analysis and visualization of these associations, which will be of broad utilities to cancer researchers. Cancer Res; 77(21); e108–10. ©2017 AACR.
Integrating DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation Data with the Mint Pipeline
Authors: Cavalcante Raymond G. , Patil Snehal , Park Yongseok , Rozek Laura S. , Sartor Maureen A.
Published: November 2017

DNA methylation (5mC) plays important roles in mammalian development, oncogenesis, treatment response, and responses to the environment. DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) is also an informative epigenetic mark with distinct roles in regulation and cancer. Gold-standard, widely used technologies (bisulfite conversion, followed by deep sequencing) cannot distinguish between 5mC and 5hmC. Therefore, additional experiments are required to differentiate the two marks, and in silico methods are needed to analyze, integrate, and interpret these data. We developed the Methylation INTegration (mint) pipeline to support the comprehensive analysis of bisulfite conversion and immunoprecipitation-based methylation and hydroxymethylation assays, with additional steps toward integration, visualization, and interpretation. The pipeline is available as both a command line and a Galaxy graphical user interface tool. Both implementations require minimal configuration while remaining flexible to experiment specific needs. Cancer Res; 77(21); e27–30. ©2017 AACR.
Variant Review with the Integrative Genomics Viewer
Authors: Robinson James T. , Thorvaldsdóttir Helga , Wenger Aaron M. , Zehir Ahmet , Mesirov Jill P.
Published: November 2017

Manual review of aligned reads for confirmation and interpretation of variant calls is an important step in many variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Visual inspection can greatly increase the confidence in calls, reduce the risk of false positives, and help characterize complex events. The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) was one of the first tools to provide NGS data visualization, and it currently provides a rich set of tools for inspection, validation, and interpretation of NGS datasets, as well as other types of genomic data. Here, we present a short overview of IGV's variant review features for both single-nucleotide variants and structural variants, with examples from both cancer and germline datasets. IGV is freely available at https://www.igv.org. Cancer Res; 77(21); e31–34. ©2017 AACR.
DINC 2.0: A New Protein–Peptide Docking Webserver Using an Incremental Approach
Authors: Antunes Dinler A. , Moll Mark , Devaurs Didier , Jackson Kyle R. , Lizée Gregory , Kavraki Lydia E.
Published: November 2017

Molecular docking is a standard computational approach to predict binding modes of protein–ligand complexes by exploring alternative orientations and conformations of the ligand (i.e., by exploring ligand flexibility). Docking tools are largely used for virtual screening of small drug-like molecules, but their accuracy and efficiency greatly decays for ligands with more than 10 flexible bonds. This prevents a broader use of these tools to dock larger ligands, such as peptides, which are molecules of growing interest in cancer research. To overcome this limitation, our group has previously proposed a meta-docking strategy, called DINC, to predict binding modes of large ligands. By incrementally docking overlapping fragments of a ligand, DINC allowed predicting binding modes of peptide-based inhibitors of transcription factors involved in cancer. Here, we describe DINC 2.0, a revamped version of the DINC webserver with enhanced capabilities and a more user-friendly interface. DINC 2.0 allows docking ligands that were previously too challenging for DINC, such as peptides with more than 25 flexible bonds. The webserver is freely accessible at http://dinc.kavrakilab.org, together with additional documentation and video tutorials. Our team will provide continuous support for this tool and is working on extending its applicability to other challenging fields, such as personalized immunotherapy against cancer. Cancer Res; 77(21); e55–57. ©2017 AACR.
Developing Cancer Informatics Applications and Tools Using the NCI Genomic Data Commons API
Authors: Wilson Shane , Fitzsimons Michael , Ferguson Martin , Heath Allison , Jensen Mark , Miller Josh , Murphy Mark W. , Porter James , Sahni Himanso , Staudt Louis , Tang Yajing , Wang Zhining , Yu Christine , Zhang Junjun , Ferretti Vincent , Grossman Robert L.
Published: November 2017

The NCI Genomic Data Commons (GDC) was launched in 2016 and makes available over 4 petabytes (PB) of cancer genomic and associated clinical data to the research community. This dataset continues to grow and currently includes over 14,500 patients. The GDC is an example of a biomedical data commons, which collocates biomedical data with storage and computing infrastructure and commonly used web services, software applications, and tools to create a secure, interoperable, and extensible resource for researchers. The GDC is (i) a data repository for downloading data that have been submitted to it, and also a system that (ii) applies a common set of bioinformatics pipelines to submitted data; (iii) reanalyzes existing data when new pipelines are developed; and (iv) allows users to build their own applications and systems that interoperate with the GDC using the GDC Application Programming Interface (API). We describe the GDC API and how it has been used both by the GDC itself and by third parties. Cancer Res; 77(21); e15–18. ©2017 AACR.
Interleukin-27 Exerts Its Antitumor Effects by Promoting Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells to M1 Macrophages
Authors: Chiba Yukino , Mizoguchi Izuru , Furusawa Junichi , Hasegawa Hideaki , Ohashi Mio , Xu Mingli , Owaki Toshiyuki , Yoshimoto Takayuki
Published: November 2017

The interleukin IL27 promotes expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid progenitor cells. Many tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells exert immunosuppressive effects, but we hypothesized that the myeloid cells induced by IL27 would have antitumor activity. In this study, we corroborated this hypothesis as investigated in two distinct mouse transplantable tumor models. Malignant mouse cells engineered to express IL27 exhibited reduced tumor growth in vivo. Correlated with this effect was a significant increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ myeloid cells exhibiting a reduced immunosuppressive activity. Notably, these CD11b+ cells were characterized by an activated M1 macrophage phenotype, on the basis of increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other M1 biomarkers. In vivo depletion of these cells by administering anti–Gr-1 eradicated the antitumor effects of IL27. When admixed with parental tumors, CD11b+ cells inhibited tumor growth and directly killed the tumor in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Mechanistically, IL27 expanded Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells in bone marrow. Transplant experiments in Ly5.1/5.2 congenic mice revealed that IL27 directly acted on these cells and promoted their differentiation into M1 macrophages, which mobilized into tumors. Overall, our results illustrated how IL27 exerts antitumor activity by enhancing the generation of myeloid progenitor cells that can differentiate into antitumorigenic M1 macrophages.

Significance: These findings show how the interleukin IL27 exerts potent antitumor activity by enhancing the generation of myeloid progenitor cells that can differentiate into antitumorigenic M1 macrophages.Cancer Res; 78(1); 182–94. ©2017 AACR.
18F-FAMT PET Is Useful to Distinguish between Specific Uptake and Nonspecific Uptake Compared to 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose Position Emission Tomography in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Sohda Makoto , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Honjyo Hiroaki , Hara Keigo , Ozawa Daigo , Sakai Makoto , Yokobori Takehiko , Higuchi Tetsuya , Tsushima Yoshito , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: November 2017

Background: L-[3-18F]-α-methyltyrosine (18F-FAMT) solely accumulates in tumor cells via an amino acid transport system. This selective uptake pattern results in a very high tumor-to-background ratio, enabling clear delineation of the tumor. The purpose of the present study was to assess the significance of 18F-FAMT PET, which shows little nonspecific uptake compared to 18F-flourodeoxyglucose position emission tomography (FDG PET) in esophageal cancer patients. Methodology: PET-CT studies with 18F-FAMT and 18F-FDG were performed as part of pretreatment work-up in 82 patients with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer. We evaluated nonspecific uptakes of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAMT PET. Results: The nonspecific uptake of 18F-FAMT PET was lower than that of 18F-FDG PET (p = 0.282). In the operation group, 26.1% demonstrated nonspecific uptake in 18F-FDG PET, whereas only 2.38% (1 case) demonstrated nonspecific uptake in 18F-FAMT PET (p = 0.433). In the inoperable group, 47.5% showed nonspecific uptake in 18F-FDG PET, whereas 5.0% showed nonspecific uptake in 18F-FAMT PET (p = 0.079). Conclusion: A crucial point for the diagnostic value of PET is distinguishing specific and nonspecific uptake. 18F-FAMT-PET is a very superior modality with regard to the lower rate of nonspecific uptake in esophageal cancer.
Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Correlates and Impact on Caregiver Distress
Authors: Mukherjee Adreesh , Biswas Atanu , Roy Arijit , Biswas Samar , Gangopadhyay Goutam , Das Shyamal Kumar
Published: November 2017

Aims: To evaluate the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), to determine their correlation with types and stages of dementia and patient demographics, and to assess the impact on caregiver distress. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited consecutive dementia patients and caregivers who attended our cognitive clinic. Standard criteria were used to classify types of dementia. BPSD were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and its distress scale was used for caregiver distress. Results: Of a total 107 patients, nearly all (99.1%) had at least one BPSD; 71% had ≥4 symptoms. Most frequent were apathy and agitation, followed by irritability, sleep and appetite disorders, and mood disorders; disinhibition and euphoria were least frequent. BPSD were less prominent with increasing age; males showed more agitation. Apathy and eating disorders were more prevalent in the rural community. BPSD were highest in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), followed by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and least in vascular dementia. Hallucinations were more common in DLB, aberrant motor behaviour in FTD. All domains of BPSD, except for anxiety and euphoria, were more prominent with increasing severity of dementia. Increasing BPSD (except for euphoria) caused higher caregiver distress. Conclusion: BPSD are universally present, bear correlates with dementia type and severity, and cause significant caregiver distress.
Initial Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents Predicts Durability of Successful Treatment with Metformin Monotherapy: Insights from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry
Authors: Bacha Fida , Cheng Peiyao , Gal Robin L. , Kollman Craig , Tamborlane William V. , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Manseau Katherine , Wood Jamie , Beck Roy W. ,   for the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Many adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have rapid deterioration of glycemic control on metformin monotherapy within 2 years of diagnosis. Methods: Enrollment data from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry were used to categorize 276 youth with a T2D duration ≥2 years into two groups: (1) participants with HbA1c <7.5% on metformin monotherapy (group 1, n = 75) and (2) participants treated with insulin ± metformin (group 2, n = 201). The characteristics of the groups were compared. Results: At enrollment, groups 1 and 2 did not differ in age (16.2 vs. 16.8 years) or BMI percentile (99 vs. 98%); group 2 had higher HbA1c (9.9% [85 mmol/mol] vs. 5.9% [41 mmol/mol], p < 0.001). Lower HbA1c and metformin monotherapy at diagnosis were associated with a greater likelihood of adequate control with metformin alone (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, HbA1c at diagnosis (p = 0.001) and diabetes duration (p = 0.009) were associated with adequate control on metformin. The HbA1c trajectory after diagnosis was worse in group 2. Conclusion: Durable metabolic control of T2D with metformin monotherapy is most likely in youth presenting with lower HbA1c and with shorter diabetes duration, independent of age, race-ethnicity, and BMI. Elevated HbA1c levels in those on insulin therapy highlight the importance of early diagnosis and a better understanding of glycemic control barriers.
Deferoxamine-Induced Migration and Odontoblast Differentiation via ROS-Dependent Autophagy in Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Xuan , Wu Tian Tian , Jiang Long , Rong Du , Zhu Ya Qin
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: As a vital degradation and recycling system, autophagy plays an essential role in regulating the differentiation of stem cells. We previously showed that iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) could promote the repair ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Here, we investigated the effect of DFO in autophagy and the role of autophagy in regulating the migration and odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to evaluate the autophagic activity of DPSCs. Transmigration assay, alkaline phosphatase staining/activity, alizarin red S staining and quantitative PCR were performed to examine the migration and odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the effects of ROS scavenger in autophagy induction were also detected. Autophagy inhibitors (3-MA and bafilomycin A1) and lentiviral vectors carrying ATG5 shRNA sequences were used for autophagy inhibition. Results: Early exposure to DFO promoted the mineralization of DPSCs and increased autophagic activity. Autophagy inhibition suppressed DFO-induced DPSC migration and odontoblast differentiation. Furthermore, DFO treatment could induce autophagy partly through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/B cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19K-interacting protein 3 (HIF-1α/BNIP3) pathway in a ROS-dependent manner. Conclusion: DFO increased DPSC migration and differentiation, which might be modulated through ROS-induced autophagy.
Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles from Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypoxia Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease Increase Aortic Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Jia Lixin , Fan Jingyao , Cui Wei , Liu Sa , Li Na , Lau Wayne Bond , Ma Xinliang , Du Jie , Nie Shaoping , Wei Yongxiang
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment of OSAHS improves clinical outcome in some CAD patients, but the relationship between OSAHS and CAD is complex. Microparticles (MPs) are shed by the plasma membrane by either physiologic or pathologic stimulation. In the current study, we investigated the role of MPs in the context of OSAHS. Methods and Results: 54 patients with both suspected coronary artery stenosis and OSAHS were recruited and underwent both coronary arteriography and polysomnography. Circulating MPs were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. CAD+OSAHS patients exhibited greater levels of total MPs (Annexin V+), erythrocyte-derived MPs (CD235+ Annexin V+), platelet-derived MPs (CD41+ Annexin V+), and leukocyte-derived MPs (CD45+ Annexin V+) compared to CAD alone patients or control. CAD+OSAHS patients expressed the greatest level of endothelial-derived MPs of all cellular origin types (CD144+ Annexin V +). Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with MPs isolated from CAD+OSAHS patients markedly increased HAEC permeability (as detected by FITC-dextran), and significantly upregulated mRNA levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. Conclusion: OSAHS+CAD patients harbor increased levels of MPs, particularly the endothelial cell-derived subtype. When administered to HAECs, OSAHS+CAD patients MPs increase endothelial cell permeability and dysfunction.
Traçados da letra e do perfil de um poeta na tradução completa de Ossi di Seppia para o português
Authors: Chiarelotto Arivane
Published: November 2017

Neste texto serão analisados os elementos paratextuais da tradução de Ossi di Seppia, livro de poemas de Eugenio Montale, feita por Renato Xavier e publicada pela Companhia da Letras em 2002, como Ossos de Sépia. Apesar de se tratar de um autor canônico da literatura italiana e de nos aproximarmos do tempo de comemorar um século de sua primeira publicação (1925), a tradução de Renato Xavier ainda é a única que versa a obra completa para o português, o que, seguramente, a torna importante para o leitor brasileiro. Neste caso, o que dispõem os textos que apresentam a obra e que características portam as descrições e traçados da expressão poética montaliana?
The Emerging Military Balance in East Asia: How China's Neighbors Can Check Chinese Naval Expansion
Authors: Beckley Michael
Published: November 2017

Many analysts argue that China will soon dominate East Asia militarily. In reality, China is far from achieving this goal and will remain so for the foreseeable future. China's maritime neighbors have developed antiaccess/area-denial (A2/AD) capabilities that can deny China sea and air control throughout most of its near seas, and China cannot afford the power-projection capabilities it would need to overcome these A2/AD forces. This regional balance of power enables the United States to preserve the territorial status quo in East Asia at moderate cost and risk to U.S. military forces.
Truth-Conditions and Religious Language: Introduction
Authors: Gardiner Mark Q.
Published: November 2017

Introduction to the following set of papers: Lars Albinus, “A grammar of religious ‘truth’—pragmatic considerations on the nature of religious truth”; Terry F. Godlove, “Truth, meaning, and the study of religion”; G. Scott Davis, “Semantics and the study of religion”; Mark Q. Gardiner, “Why truth matters for the study of religion; a defense of a truth-conditional semantics”; Gabriel Levy, “Can fictional superhuman agents have mental states?”.
Predictive Value of Underweight Status for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease With Claudication
Authors: Senda Keisuke , Miura Takashi , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Ueki Yasushi , Mochidome Tomoaki , Nomi Hidetomo , Shoin Wataru , Higuchi Satoko , Oguchi Yasutaka , Nishimura Hitoshi , Saigusa Tatsuya , Ebisawa Soichiro , Motoki Hirohiko , Izawa Atsushi , Koyama Jun , Ikeda Uichi , Kuwahara Koichiro
Published: November 2017

We evaluated whether underweight status is associated with poor prognosis in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) with claudication, excluding critical limb ischemia. We identified 441 claudicants hospitalized for cardiovascular disease between 2005 and 2012. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to body mass index (BMI): an underweight group (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; n = 48), a normal group (BMI = 18.5-25.0 kg/m2; n = 286), an overweight group (BMI = 25.0-30.0 kg/m2; n = 92), and an obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2; n = 15). The mean follow-up period was 3.5 ± 1.9 years. The underweight group had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c; higher levels of C-reactive protein and B-type natriuretic peptide; and a higher prevalence of hemodialysis. The incidence of all-cause death and cardiovascular death was significantly higher in the underweight group (underweight vs normal, 77.1% vs 33.0%; P < .001 and 43.3% vs 14.4%; P < .001, respectively). In a multivariate Cox analysis, underweight status was an independent predictor of all-cause death (hazard ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-4.18; P < .001). Therefore, promoting weight gain, as well as managing cardiovascular disease, may be important for underweight patients with PAD.
Outsiders in their own nation: Electoral violence and politics of ‘internal’ displacement in Kenya
Authors: Njiru Roseanne
Published: November 2017

This article foregrounds the overlapping continuum of local to global fault lines that structure the human security experiences of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Kenya. Drawing on data from the 2007–2008 electoral violence-induced displacement of ethnic minorities in the Rift Valley region, the article discusses how the intersections of ethnicity, national politics, land rights, and global humanitarian politics on displacement positioned IDPs as outsiders in their own nation and how this shapes their ability to live secure lives. By so doing, the study transcends nation-state border focused forced migration to question the relevance of dichotomizing IDPs and refugees, which shapes their protection. The author argues for the need to critically examine the less visible and fluid borders which displace people from their homelands in order to address the human security of all who are forced to flee from their homes regardless of whether they have crossed national boundaries.
A new robust observer design for nonlinear systems with application to fault diagnosis
Authors: Zemzemi Ammar , Kamel Mohamed , Toumi Ahmed , Farza Mondher
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a robust fault diagnosis scheme for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems whose nonlinear function satisfies the Lipschitz condition with unmatched time-varying uncertainties, external disturbances and perturbed output. The design procedure combines the high robustness of the nonlinear unknown input observer with sliding-mode techniques in order to enhance the estimation qualities. The proposed design is derived and expressed as a linear matrix inequality optimization problem. Additionally, we have provided an approach to reduce conservatism in the derivation of the stability conditions. The effectiveness of this observer and the fault diagnosis scheme are shown by applying them to a single-link manipulator. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach and show the robustness for the system nonlinearity and unmatched time-varying uncertainties.
‘Remembering as Forgetting’: Organizational commemoration as a politics of recognition
Authors: Cutcher Leanne , Dale Karen , Tyler Melissa
Published: November 2017

This paper considers the politics of how organizations remember their past through commemorative settings and artefacts. Although these may be seen as ‘merely’ a backdrop to organizational activity, they form part of the lived experience of organizational spaces that its members enact on a daily basis as part of their routes and routines. The main concern of the paper is with how commemoration is bound up in the reflection and reproduction of hierarchies of organizational recognition. Illustrated with reference to two commemorative settings, the paper explores how organizations perpetuate a narrow set of symbolic ideals attributing value to particular forms of organizational membership while appearing to devalue others. In doing so, they communicate values that undermine attempts to achieve equality and inclusion. Developing a recognition-based critique of this process, the discussion emphasizes how commemorative settings and practices work to reproduce established patterns of exclusion and marginalization. To this end, traditional forms of commemorative portraiture that tend to close off difference are contrasted with a memorial garden, in order to explore the potential for an alternative, recognition-based ethics of organizational commemoration that is more open to the Other.
CO2 clearance by membrane lungs
Authors: Sun Liqun , Kaesler Andreas , Fernando Piyumindri , Thompson Alex J. , Toomasian John M. , Bartlett Robert H
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

Commercial membrane lungs are designed to transfer a specific amount of oxygen per unit of venous blood flow. Membrane lungs are much more efficient at removing CO2 than adding oxygen, but the range of CO2 transfer is rarely reported.

Methods:

Commercial membrane lungs were studied with the goal of evaluating CO2 removal capacity. CO2 removal was measured in 4 commercial membrane lungs under standardized conditions.

Conclusion:

CO2 clearance can be greater than 4 times that of oxygen at a given blood flow when the gas to blood flow ratio is elevated to 4:1 or 8:1. The CO2 clearance was less dependent on surface area and configuration than oxygen transfer. Any ECMO system can be used for selective CO2 removal.
A modified depositional hypothesis of the Hanjiang Loess in the southern Qinling Mountains, central China
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Jia Xin , Lu Huayu , Wang Xianyan , Yi Shuangwen , Wang Xiaoyong , Xu Zhiwei , Lei Fang , Han Zhiyong
Published: November 2017

Geomorphologically, alluvial deposits in river systems are expected to be older on higher terraces than on the lower terraces. However, loess deposits of aeolian origin may also occur on the surface of terrace systems and as seen in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Such loess is continuously, rather than episodically deposited. This study presents numerous dating results of loess cover on the Hanjiang River terrace system in the southern Qinling Mountains, an atypical loess deposit belt outside of the CLP. We name this “Hanjiang Loess”. Results indicate that the Hanjiang Loess deposited on the high, middle, and low terraces are also the oldest, old, and most recent, respectively, apparently analogous with alluvial expectations. We thus propose a modified depositional hypothesis, whereby terrace loess reflects the deposition of aeolian loess and other material, subsequent fluvial reworking. This depositional hypothesis should also be applicable to loess deposits on the river terraces in the Xiashu Loess, Quaternary Reticulate Red Clay, and Quaternary Red Clay in southern China, and other atypical loess areas outside of the CLP.
Emotions for a Cause: How the Emotion Expression of Nonprofit Leaders Produces Follower Engagement and Loyalty
Authors: Silard Anthony
Published: November 2017

Although emotion and leadership is a flourishing topic in organizational research, little is known about the actual emotion-related leader behaviors within the context of nonprofit organizations. Through an inductive, multiple-case study drawing from 34 semistructured interviews with individuals who have occupied leader and/or follower roles in nonprofits organizations, a meso-level framework emerges that delineates the mutually strengthening interplay of emotion-related leader behaviors and organizational display norms in the nonprofit sector. These norms favor the expression of positive emotion and proscribe the display of negative emotion. Nonprofit leaders who enact emotion-related behaviors congruent with these display norms generate the follower outcomes of engagement and loyalty. Implications for nonprofit leadership research and practice are discussed.
Does newspaper coverage influence or reflect public perceptions of the economy?
Authors: Hopkins Daniel J. , Kim Eunji , Kim Soojong
Published: November 2017

Citizens’ economic perceptions can shape their political and economic behavior, making the origins of those perceptions an important question. Research commonly posits that media coverage is a central source. Here, we test that prospect while considering the alternative hypothesis that media coverage instead echoes public perceptions. This paper applies a straightforward automated measure of the tone of economic coverage to 490,039 articles from 24 national and local media outlets over more than three decades. By matching the 245,947 survey respondents in the Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior to measures of contemporaneous media coverage, we can assess the sequencing of changes in media coverage and public perceptions. Together, these data illustrate that newspaper coverage does not systematically precede public perceptions of the economy, a finding which analyses of television transcripts reinforce. Neither national nor local newspapers appear to strongly influence economic perceptions.
One-dimensional stochastic inversion for seismic reservoir characterization — A case study
Authors: Grant Sara R. , Hughes Matthew J. , Smith Steve R. , Gasimov Ayaz , Pickard Michael C.
Published: November 2017

Estimation of reservoir properties and facies from seismic data is a well-established technique, and numerous methods are in common usage. We demonstrate that our 1D stochastic inversion process, based on matching large numbers of pseudowells to color-inverted angle stacks, can produce accurate estimations of facies and reservoir properties and, importantly, the associated uncertainties. Using a case study from an offshore siliciclastic field, we show that a thorough understanding of all input well data and a detailed validation of the parameters input to the inversion process are crucial to obtaining a good result. We also illustrate some of the various products that can be output from such an inversion process to help constrain subsequent geostatistical reservoir modeling.
Quantitative inversion of azimuthal anisotropy parameters from isotropic techniques
Authors: Mesdag Peter R. , Quevedo Leonardo
Published: November 2017

Exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs, where fractures and in situ stress play a key role, calls for improved characterization workflows. In this work, we present a method for quantitative estimation of anisotropic parameters related to stress and fracture detection that makes use of standard isotropic modeling and inversion techniques in anisotropic media. Based on the Rüger reflectivity equations for horizontal transverse isotropic media, we build a set of transforms that map the elastic parameters used in prestack inversion into effective anisotropic elastic parameters. When used in isotropic forward modeling and inversion, these effective parameters accurately mimic the anisotropic reflectivity behavior of the seismic data, thus closing the loop between well-log data and seismic inversion results in the anisotropic case.
Confusing procedures with process when appraising the impact of cognitive bias modification on emotional vulnerability
Authors: Grafton Ben , MacLeod Colin , Rudaizky Daniel , Holmes Emily A. , Salemink Elske , Fox Elaine , Notebaert Lies
Published: November 2017

If meta-analysis is to provide valuable answers, then it is critical to ensure clarity about the questions being asked. Here, we distinguish two important questions concerning cognitive bias modification research that are not differentiated in the meta-analysis recently published by Cristea et al (2015) in this journal: (1) do the varying procedures that investigators have employed with the intention of modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability?; and (2) does the process of successfully modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability? We reanalyse the data from Cristea et al to address this latter question. Our new analyses demonstrate that successfully modifying cognitive bias does significantly alter emotional vulnerability. We revisit Cristea et al's conclusions in light of these findings.
Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions
Authors: Jacob K. S.
Published: November 2017

Suicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.
Electrooxidative Copolymerization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxithiophene and Benzene from a Mixture of Each Monomer
Authors: Tanaka Eisaku , Tateno Hiroyuki , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Nakabayashi Koji , Kawamura Izuru , Atobe Mahito
Published: November 2017

Electrooxidative copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene (EDOT) and benzene from a mixture of the monomers with concentrations of 5 mM EDOT and 5 M benzene produced copolymer films on an anode surface. The formation of copolymer films and characterization of their electrochemical properties was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption (UV–vis) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy measurements. Furthermore, the copolymerization ratio could be controlled by selection of the oxidation potential applied for copolymerization.
How Food Banks Use Markets to Feed the Poor
Authors: Prendergast Canice
Published: November 2017

A difficult issue for organizations is how to assign valuable resources across competing opportunities. This work describes how Feeding America allocates about 300 million pounds of food a year to over two hundred food banks across the United States. It does so in an unusual way: in 2005, it switched from a centralized queuing system, where food banks would wait their turn, to a market based mechanism where they bid daily on truckloads of food using a “fake” currency called shares. The change and its impact are described here, showing how the market system allowed food banks to sort based on their preferences.
The Questionable Value of Having a Choice of Levels of Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Ericson Keith Marzilli , Sydnor Justin
Published: November 2017

In most health insurance markets in the United States, consumers have substantial choice about their health insurance plan. However additional choice is not an unmixed blessing as it creates challenges related to both consumer confusion and adverse selection. There is mounting evidence that many people have difficulty understanding the value of insurance coverage, like evaluating the relative benefits of lower premiums versus lower deductibles. Also, in most US health insurance markets, people cannot be charged different prices for insurance based on their individual level of health risk. This creates the potential for well-known problems of adverse selection because people will often base the level of health insurance coverage they choose partly on their health status. In this essay, we examine how the forces of consumer confusion and adverse selection interact with each other and with market institutions to affect how valuable it is to have multiple levels of health insurance coverage available in the market.
From Proof of Concept to Scalable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an Application
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Banerji Rukmini , Berry James , Duflo Esther , Kannan Harini , Mukerji Shobhini , Shotland Marc , Walton Michael
Published: November 2017

The promise of randomized controlled trials is that evidence gathered through the evaluation of a specific program helps us—possibly after several rounds of fine-tuning and multiple replications in different contexts—to inform policy. However, critics have pointed out that a potential constraint in this agenda is that results from small “proof-of-concept” studies run by nongovernment organizations may not apply to policies that can be implemented by governments on a large scale. After discussing the potential issues, this paper describes the journey from the original concept to the design and evaluation of scalable policy. We do so by evaluating a series of strategies that aim to integrate the nongovernment organization Pratham’s “Teaching at the Right Level” methodology into elementary schools in India. The methodology consists of reorganizing instruction based on children’s actual learning levels, rather than on a prescribed syllabus, and has previously been shown to be very effective when properly implemented. We present evidence from randomized controlled trials involving some designs that failed to produce impacts within the regular schooling system but still helped shape subsequent versions of the program. As a result of this process, two versions of the programs were developed that successfully raised children’s learning levels using scalable models in government schools. We use this example to draw general lessons about using randomized control trials to design scalable policies.
Using data from a multi-hospital clinical network to explore prevalence of pediatric rickets in Kenya
Authors: Karuri Stella W. , Murithi Maureen K. , Irimu Grace , English Mike ,   Clinical Information Network authors
Published: November 2017

Background: Nutritional rickets is a public health concern in developing countries despite tropical climates and a re-emerging issue in developed countries. In this study, we reviewed pediatric admission data from the Clinical Information Network (CIN) to help determine hospital and region based prevalence of rickets in three regions of Kenya (Central Kenya, Western Kenya and Nairobi County). We also examine the association of rickets with other diagnosis, such as malnutrition and pneumonia, and study the effect of rickets on regional hospital stays.

Methods: We analyzed discharge records for children aged 1 month to 5 years from county (formerly district) hospitals in the CIN, with admissions from February 1st 2014 to February 28th 2015. The strength of the association between rickets and key demographic factors, as well as with malnutrition and pneumonia, was assessed using odds ratios. The Fisher exact test was used to test the significance of the estimated odd ratios. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze length of hospital stays.

Results: There was a marked difference in prevalence across the three regions, with Nairobi having the highest number of cases of rickets at a proportion of 4.01%, followed by Central Region at 0.92%. Out of 9756 admissions in the Western Region, there was only one diagnosis of rickets. Malnutrition was associated with rickets; this association varied regionally. Pneumonia was found to be associated with rickets in Central Kenya. Children diagnosed with rickets had longer hospital stays, even when cases of malnutrition and pneumonia were excluded in the analysis.

Conclusion: There was marked regional variation in hospital based prevalence of rickets, but in some regions it is a common clinical diagnosis suggesting the need for targeted public health interventions. Factors such as maternal and child nutrition, urbanization and cultural practices might explain these differences.
Space Reduction for a Class of Multidimensional Markov Chains: A Summary and Some Applications
Authors: He Qi-Ming , Alfa Attahiru Sule
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we present examples of a class of Markov chains that occur frequently, but whose associated matrices are a challenge to construct efficiently. These are Markov chains that arise as a result of several identical Markov chains running in parallel. Specifically for the cases considered, both the infinitesimal generator matrix for the continuous case, and more so the transition probability matrix for the discrete equivalent, are complex to construct effectively and efficiently. We summarize the algorithms for constructing the associated matrices and present examples of applications, ranging from special queueing problems to reliability issues and order statistics. MATLAB subroutines are provided in an online supplement for the implementation of the algorithms.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0759 .
Computing the Maximum Volume Inscribed Ellipsoid of a Polytopic Projection
Authors: Zhen Jianzhe , den Hertog Dick
Published: November 2017

We introduce a novel scheme based on a blending of Fourier-Motzkin elimination (FME) and adjustable robust optimization techniques to compute the maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid (MVE) in a polytopic projection. It is well-known that deriving an explicit description of a projected polytope is NP-hard. Our approach does not require an explicit description of the projection, and can easily be generalized to find a maximally sized convex body of a polytopic projection. Our obtained MVE is an inner approximation of the projected polytope, and its center is a centralized relative interior point of the projection. Since FME may produce many redundant constraints, we apply an LP-based procedure to keep the description of the projected polytopes at its minimal size. Furthermore, we propose an upper bounding scheme to evaluate the quality of the inner approximations. We test our approach on a simple polytope and a color tube design problem, and observe that as more auxiliary variables are eliminated, our inner approximations and upper bounds converge to optimal solutions.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0763 .
Chronic oedema ‘on-the-ground’ education programme
Authors: Watts Tessa , Davies Ruth
Published: November 2017

The impact of chronic oedema on community nurses' work, the NHS and those directly affected by the condition is immense. As chronic oedema prevalence is projected to rise and financial austerity continues, innovative, sustainable solutions that ensure positive outcomes for patients must be found. This paper reports findings from a focus group (n=3) investigation of the effects of an innovative workplace education intervention designed to enhance community nurses' knowledge for practice in chronic oedema prevention and management in Wales. The main findings indicated that the programme had enhanced community nurses' awareness, knowledge and understanding of chronic oedema management. By enhancing their knowledge base, benefit might be conferred for patients with chronic oedema in terms of improved quality of life, self-efficacy and self-management. However, the magnitude of perceived benefit was variable and contingent on engagement with and support for self-management. Findings indicate the need for a longitudinal study.
β-11-Keto-boswellic acid derived amides: synthesis and cytotoxicity
Authors: Wolfram Ratna Kancana , Barthel-Niesen Anja , Schäfer Renate , Heller Lucie , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to prepare 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives modified at C-24 and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) was isolated from frankincense and transformed into 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA). Both compounds served as starting materials for the synthesis of several amides or hydrazides. The derivatives were fully characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays employing two human tumor cell lines (A2780 and MCF7) as well as nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). Nearly all of the compounds were more cytotoxic than their parent compounds. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-(3- aminopropyl)-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (15) and (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]- propyl-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (16) and the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780. These compounds showed EC50 = 1.0-1.7 µM while being significantly less toxic for the mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3 (EC50 = 9.3-16.3µM). Thus, compounds 15 and 16 have good antitumor effects and may serve as starting points for developing potential and selective antitumor agents
Addendum to Informatics for Health 2017: Advancing both science and practice
Authors: Scott Philip , Cornet Ronald , McCowan Colin , Peek Niels
Published: November 2017

This article presents presentation and poster abstracts that were mistakenly omitted from the original publication.
The Divisive Gene
Authors: Newman Stuart A.
Published: November 2017

Despite its grip on the scientific culture of affluent societies, the reign of the gene as the supposed "secret of life" is coming to an end. The more we learn about natural systems the clearer it becomes that genes are only one class of factors influencing phenotypic development and evolution.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.