bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Link between Misinformation and Radicalisation: Current Knowledge and Areas for Future Inquiry
Authors: Roberts-Ingleson Elise , McCann Wesley
Published: September 2023

Does misinformation lead to radicalisation? This Research Note explores the theoretical link between consumption of misinformation and radicalisation to violent extremism. Drawing from insights from communication studies, criminology, and psychology, it is argued that some unique characteristics of misinformation are likely to facilitate radicalisation among individuals with self-uncertainty, low cognitive flexibility, and grievances, who also experience social exclusion. This exploration concludes with a summary of findings and offers recommendations for both policy makers and practitioners.
An Easy-to-Use Search for the Abbottabad Compound Material Archive
Authors: Mantua Joshua , Metts Carrington
Published: September 2023

Osama Bin Laden’s compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was raided following his death in 2011. The documents retrieved from his compound became known as the Abbottabad Compound Material (ACM). The majority of ACM documents were declassified and released to the public in 2017. However, these documents have not been thoroughly mined by academic researchers despite potentially important information that may exist in the ACM. Academic researchers may be deterred from using the ACM because the documents are not easily accessible or because the documents are predominantly in Arabic. This paper presents a search engine specifically built for researchers that will enable the mining of ACM documents. The ACM search tool may facilitate critical terrorism- and extremism-related research related to al-Qaeda and related terrorist groups.
Rallying Around Empty Signifiers: Understanding and Defiing Anit-Givernemnt Protest in the Netherlands
Authors: Frens Isabelle , van Buuren Jelle , Bakker Edwin
Published: September 2023

As in many other parts of Europe, anti-government protest has been a topic of political and academic discussion in the Netherlands for some years. The definition of what anti-government protest entails and which groups and individuals it refers to is not as straightforward as it may seem. Where other institutions have attempted to place anti-governmental protest movements in frameworks of traditional extremist movements, the Dutch authorities describe the anti-government protestors as a group that is characterised by its pluriformity and fluidity. In 2022, they have even changed the term ‘anti-governmental’ to ‘anti-institutional’ to more broadly refer to the set of targets that the movement opposes, which includes government, but also the media, the scientific community, experts and the judicial system. In this paper we try to understand the anti-government, or anti-institutional, protest in the Netherlands using a different lens. We use Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory and its concept of empty signifiers to show how opposed interests and goals can be seen as a unified ideology to its proponents. Instead of trying to primarily define the group of people who are anti-government by their actions or characteristics, we look at how those actors define themselves and how they see their struggle against the authorities. We describe the rise and dynamics of anti-government protest in the Netherlands since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on “genealogies” and the eclectic topics of the protest movement. We compare our observations with the definition of anti-governmental protest and the anti-institutional narrative as used by the authorities. We arrive at the conclusion that analysing the anti-government protest through the lens of their shared ideas and grievances gives us more insight into the nature and dynamics of this movement than solely looking through the lens of the potential threat to the
The Not-So-Silent "Majority'': An Automated Content Analysis of Anti-Government Online Communities
Authors: Leap Bethany , Becker Michael
Published: September 2023

The United States is facing an ongoing threat of political violence due to widespread anti-government sentiment that has proliferated across social media platforms. Most saliently, these violent sentiments manifested in the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol during the certification of the 2020 general election. This research extends prior work on the online mobilisation to offline violence by analysing the text of online discussions leading up to the January 6 attack. We focus this examination on two central questions. First, what are the key themes and topics discussed within and across two social media platforms? Second, how did these themes and topics change over time? Focusing on two far-right anti-government online communities, we explore how support for political violence, disinformation, and electoral outcomes emerge and change over time. Our findings provide insight into possible strategies to counteract misinformation and the temporal trajectory of escalating violent sentiment within and across online communities. Further, this study highlights the importance of collecting data prospectively and demonstrates the value of automated content analysis and text data in understanding anti-government extremist sentiments.
Is Far-Right Violence Actually Increasing in Australia? Tracking Far-Right Terrorism and Violence in Australia
Authors: Harris-Hogan Shandon
Published: September 2023

In recent times, governments throughout the Western world have warned of an increase in far-right violence. A range of government and academic sources have also made spectacular claims regarding a rise in far-right violence in Australia. However, for a range of reasons, the actual prevalence of far-right violence occurring in Australia remains largely unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, the following documents acts of far-right violence and terrorism in Australia between 1990 and 2020. This study demonstrates that no clear increase has actually occurred. A total of 181 incidents are identified across almost all geographic locations, with concentrations of violence noted in Melbourne and North Queensland. A clear spike in violent incidents was identified between 2005 and 2010. However, a complete reduction in fatal violence has occurred since that time, and there has also been a notable reduction in violent events across most years since that peak. Notably, only a vanishingly small number of incidents were perpetrated by individuals associated with organised far-right groups. Rather, the vast majority of attacks are committed by lone actors or small unorganised groups, often spontaneously. To date, this more chronic form of far-right violence has been almost entirely overlooked by policymakers. Moving forward, it will be interesting to see if Australia’s existing counter-terrorism and countering violent extremism infrastructure, built primarily to address a Jihadist threat that is highly networked, geographically concentrated and transnationally linked, can be adapted to combat a far-right that is largely unorganised and geographically decentralised.
Les héros dans l’ombre : Leadership scolaire et qualité de l’éducation dans un contexte de précarité
Authors: Kasereka Lutswamba Jean
Published: September 2023

L’étude porte sur le leadership scolaire dans les écoles maternelles, primaires et secondaires de la RDC. En RDC et dans d’autres pays de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, bien d’écoles fonctionnent dans des conditions très précaires. Pourtant les objectifs du Développement durable (ODD) présentent l’éducation de qualité comme exigence et droit de tout enfant. La précarité ne devrait donc pas constituer en aucun cas, une excuse pour cette éducation de qualité. Considérant l’importance du leadership scolaire dans l’effectivité des apprentissages, l’étude propose une analyse sur les types du leadership scolaire à appliquer pour développer la qualité de l’éducation même en situation de précarité. Grâce à une approche qualitative, aux interviews semi-structurées, à la théorie ancrée et à l’abduction, l’étude a dégagé cinq types principaux et idéaux du leadership scolaire : le leadership instructionnel (accent sur le processus enseignement-apprentissage), le leadership partagé (accent sur l’implication de tous), le leadership entrepreneurial (accent sur l’entrepreneuriat), le leadership situationnel (accent sur le style de leadership à appliquer suivant le contexte) et le leadership d’inertie (accent sur les procédures et l’autorité). Ces types ont été discutés suivant leurs impacts respectifs sur l’éducation de qualité. Quelques suggestions sur l’amélioration du système éducatif de la RDC concluent cette étude.
Atrás do autor reencontrado, ou falar como a Grande Esfinge do Egito
Authors: Bonomo Daniel Reizinger
Published: September 2023

Resenha do livro O renascimento do autor: Autoria, heteronímia e fake memoirs, de Caio Gagliardi.
Proposta de Pesquisa Científica para Avaliação da Segurança Microbiológica de Queijos Artesanais fabricados com leite cru e maturados por período inferior a 60 dias produzidos no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Pinto Uelinton , Telles Evelise Oliveira , Campos Gabriela Zampieri , Medeiros Mariana Medina , Kunigk Cynthia Jurkiewicz , Baptista Débora Parra , Pimentel Filho Natan de Jesus , Lacorte Gustavo Augusto , Badaró Andréa Cátia Leal , Rosenfeld Andrea Mello Franco , Souza Andreza Oliveira de , Ribeiro Alessandra Casagrande , Tribst Alline Artigiani Lima
Published: September 2023

Introdução: No Brasil, a legislação exige maturação mínima de 60 dias para queijos produzidos com leite cru, salvo se houver comprovação científica de que a redução do prazo não compromete a segurança do produto, como ocorreu com alguns queijos artesanais tradicionais de diferentes regiões do estado de Minas Gerais. No estado de São Paulo, onde os produtores seguem formulações e processos específicos individuais, a falta de um padrão de pesquisa validado dificulta a avaliação da segurança microbiológica deste tipo de queijo, pois essas pesquisas são dispendiosas e não há garantia de que os parâmetros estabelecidos pelos pesquisadores seriam aceitos pelos serviços de inspeção. Objetivo: Para abordar este desafio, esta proposta visa estabelecer um modelo de pesquisa científica padronizado para avaliar a segurança de queijos de leite cru maturados por menos de 60 dias. Métodos: Com base na proposta do DIPOA para classificação de Risco de Estabelecimentos, foi criado um checklist para classificação dos estabelecimentos/produtos, considerando risco do produto, volume processado e características de desempenho do estabelecimento em relação às Boas Práticas de Fabricação.  Resultados: A pontuação obtida pela aplicação do checklist na produção do queijo em questão determina o risco do produto como baixo, médio, alto ou muito alto e auxilia no estabelecimento do número mínimo de amostras a serem avaliadas mensalmente. Discussão: Espera-se que essa pesquisa auxilie produtores e órgãos de registro, fiscalização e inspeção no processo de legalização dos queijos artesanais de leite cru, possibilitando o desenvolvimento rural e a fixação de mão de obra no campo.
Microtransações em jogos eletrônicos
Authors: Soares Filho Afrânio , Feijó Machado Matheus , Breval Santiago Sandro , Araújo de Souza Júnior Armando
Published: September 2023

O sucesso dos modelos de monetização “freemium” tornou as microtransações um dos mais lucrativos nichos de consumo na indústria de videogames. Com mais de 2,5 bilhões de gamers, este mercado atrai notório interesse acadêmico, assim como estimula a criatividade e ousadia de fabricantes interessados em compreender os perfis e incrementar o interesse de usuários por itens ou serviços vendidos no jogo. A proposta deste trabalho foi identificar, junto a usuários ativos de jogos eletrônicos, perfis, preferencias, interesses e motivações para comprar itens ou serviços no jogo, através das microtransações. O estudo foi quantitativo e descritivo, os dados foram coletados empiricamente usando survey online na plataforma Google docs e o questionário construído, adaptando escalas encontradas na literatura. O tratamento e análise por meio de estatística descritiva, uni e multivariadas e as significâncias das escalas testadas pelo Qui-quadrado de Fisher, relevância a partir de 95%. Entre os principais resultados, destacam-se o comportamento de três grupos, os casuais, neutros e whales, identificados por combinações e intensidades entre os itens comprados, ocasiões e motivações. A pandemia intensificou o consumo em jogos para parte da amostra. Skins, expansões e moedas virtuais como itens mais comprados. Promoções, passes de recompensas e eventos especiais os que mais atraem compradores em busca de custo-benefício ou conteúdos-extras. Compras para agilizar desbloqueio de conteúdo ou sem conhecer as recompensas, são pouco atraentes. Também, são pouco propensos a gastar por status ou influência de outros. Não admitem investir para alcançar os melhores, porém, valorizam manter-se entre estes.
Indications and findings of flexible bronchoscopy in trauma field in Korea: a case series
Authors: Noh Dongsub
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Since its implementation, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBS) has played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary disease. Although FBS is often performed by endoscopists, it has also been performed by surgeons, albeit rarely. This study investigated FBS from the surgeon’s perspective.Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent FBS performed by a single thoracic surgeon between March 2017 and December 2021. Accordingly, the epidemiology, purpose, results, and complications of FBS were analyzed.Results: A total of 47 patients received FBS, whereas 13 patients underwent repeat FBS. Their mean age was 60.7 years. The main organs injured involved the chest (n=22), brain (n=9), abdominal organ (n=7), cervical spine (n=4), extremities (n=4), and face (n=1). The average Injury Severity Score was 22.5. Indications for FBS included atelectasis or haziness on chest x-ray (n=34), pneumonia (n=17), difficult ventilator management (n=7), percutaneous dilatory tracheostomy (n=3), blood aspiration (n=2), foreign body removal (n=2), and intubation due to a difficult airway (n=1). The findings of FBS were mucous plugs (n=36), blood and blood clots (n=16), percutaneous dilatory tracheostomy (n=2), foreign bodies (n=2), granulation tissue at the tracheostomy site (n=2), tracheostomy tube malposition (n=1), bronchus spasm (n=1), difficult airway intubation (n=1), and negative findings (n=5). None of the patients developed complications. Conclusions: FBS is an important modality in the trauma field that allows for the possibility of diagnosis and therapy. With sufficient practice, surgeons may safely perform FBS at the bedside with relative ease.
Theoretical Counseling Approaches for Gender Minority Clients: Based on Overseas Research
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, PARK Jeong-Eun , LEE Ye-Seul
Published: September 2023

This study is driven by the recognition of a lack of research on counseling interventions andpractices tailored to gender minority clients, despite the prevalence of such clients in real-lifecounseling settings. As a result, this study aims to explore and summarize studies on theoreticalcounseling approaches for gender minority clients based on overseas research. To achieve thisresearch goal, this study summarizes results of studies published in academic journals from 2012to 2022. Research on counseling interventions for gender minority clients can be broadlycategorized into two main groups: affirmative counseling and traditional counseling theoriesculturally adapted to gender minority clients. This study presents the specifics of interventionsbased on the classification of affirmative counseling and traditional counseling theories. Finally,implications for counseling for gender minority clients are provided.
Relation between Attachment Anxiety and Adaptation to College : Mediating effects of mattering and interpersonal relationship competence
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, CHOI Ok-Suk , BAK Mi-Ha
Published: September 2023

This study is aimed to examine the structural relation between attachment anxiety andadaptation to college with mattering and interpersonal relationship competence as mediators andverify their mediating effects. To this end, data from 286 students attending universities in Seouland Gyeonggi-do was collected, and the data was analyzed with the use of SPSS 19.0 and AMOS18.0. The results are as follows. The university students’ attachment anxiety had a significantlynegative effect on mattering and adaptation to college but no significantly effect on interpersonalrelationship competence. A significantly positive effect of mattering on interpersonal relationshipcompetence was also found, but not on adaptation to college. Interpersonal relationshipcompetence had a significantly positive effect on adaptation to college. Second, according to the results of verifying the mediating effects of mattering andinterpersonal relationship competence in the relation between the university students’ attachmentanxiety and adaptation to college, mattering had a sequential partial double mediating effect onadaptation to college through interpersonal relationship competence. The results of this studyshow the need for intervention through the improvement of mattering and interpersonalrelationship competence identified as mediating variables along with efforts to help universitystudents lower their attachment anxiety for successful adaptation to college.
Adjustment to chronic illness as informed by Māori. A qualitative synthesis of studies and best practice guidelines
Authors: Kirkcaldy Nikita
Published: September 2023

Supporting equitable healthcare outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand requires urgent attention. Several models of Māori health and wellbeing introduce elements and strategies that may be central to adjustment to chronic illness. This article conducts a literature review of Māori health and wellbeing models and best practice guidelines to identify what Māori see as central to illness adjustment and determine practical strategies to inform better practice in the context of chronic illness. Two overarching themes were identified as central to the adjustment process: dimensions of health and wellbeing, and whanaungatanga. In addition, five strategies to support adjustment to chronic illness were identified: developing culturally safe practices, involving a patient in their care, involving whānau in care, developing trusting relationships and collective responsibility. By acknowledging elements that Māori see as important to illness adjustment and committing to aligned strategies, healthcare practitioners can better support Māori in the context of chronic illness.
MĀORI EXPERT VIEWS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE USING A ONE HEALTH APPROACH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors:   University of Otago, Carrington Samuel D. , Norris Pauline ,   University of Otago, Priest Patricia ,   University of Otago, Wyeth Emma H. ,   University of Otago
Published: September 2023

Māori experience disproportionately worse outcomes from infectious diseases compared to non-Māori, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contributes to these inequities. The aim of the study reported in this article was to gain insight into Māori experts’ perspectives on AMR using a One Health approach, which incorporates understandings of human, animal and environmental health. Qualitative methods were applied and were guided by principles of Kaupapa Māori research. Four themes were identified: (1) the importance of AMR education for Māori, (2) the connection of mātauranga Māori and AMR, (3) colonisation and its negative impacts on hauora Māori and (4) collaboration across spheres of health as a priority for Māori. Overall, the findings show a need for greater recognition of an approach to AMR that is grounded in te ao Māori. This focus should be a priority for government agencies and healthcare providers across Aotearoa New Zealand in order to work towards health equity for Māori in tackling AMR.
Taiao and Mauri Ora. Māori understandings of the environment and its connection to wellbeing
Authors:   Massey University, Lipsham Marjorie
Published: September 2023

Kawharu (1998), in her seminal work on kaitiakitanga, discussed it as a relatively recent word, brought into being during the development and consultations around the Resource Management Act 1991. Since that time, kaitiakitanga has become an accepted and widely used term to discuss Māori responsibilities and obligations concerning land, water, wāhi tapu and treasures of consequence, or taonga. It is considered an environmental and sustainability ethic employed by Māori to protect and care for all parts of our earth and universe (Forster, 2012, 2019; Henwood & Henwood, 2011; Kawharu, 2002; Mataamua & Temara, 2010; Muru-Lanning, 2016; Mutu, 2010; Ruru et al., 2011; Te Aho, 2011; Waitangi Tribunal [Wai 262], 2011). This article draws on research undertaken for the study Kaitiakitanga: Māori Experiences, Expressions, and Understandings (Beverland, 2022). The main study provided an opportunity to pose two main pātai related to kaitiakitanga: How do we, as Māori, experience, express and understand kaitiakitanga? What mātauranga and tikanga have informed our knowing?
Lemma: Revista de Comunicación
Authors: Marino-Jiménez Mauro
Published: September 2023

Lemma: Revista de Comunicación presenta su primer número en un periodo marcado con grandes necesidades para la producción científica en las ciencias sociales. El escenario global se encuentra inmerso en un derrotero de crisis en las distintas actividades humanas, en el que la situación pospandemia, la problemática de la información falsa, el debilitamiento institucional, la necesidad de mejores prácticas en el ejercicio empresarial, y la constante transformación en la comunicación pública requieren de un tratamiento profundo y de alta calidad.
Ceza Sorumluluğu Değerlendirilen Olguların Sosyodemografik, Klinik Özellikleri ve Psikopati Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BAŞTÜRK KARIMMOAJENI Elif , YILMAZ KARAMAN İmran Gökçen , DOĞAN Beycan , ERZURUM Zeynep Betül , DEMİRCAN Furkan , BİLGİN Muzaffer
Published: September 2023

Çalışmamızda adli psikiyatri polikliniğinde ceza sorumluluğu açısından değerlendirilen olguların sosyodemografik, klinik özelliklerinin ve psikopati düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı Adli Psikiyatri polikliniğinde 16.03.2022 ve 02.12.2022 tarihleri arasında ceza sorumluluğu değerlendirilmek üzere yönlendirilen kişiler çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Sosyodemografik ve klinik veri formu ile Revize Hare Psikopati Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ceza sorumluluğu tam olan 75 olgu, ceza sorumluluğu kısmen azalmış olan 6 olgu ve ceza sorumluluğu yok kararı verilen 20 olgu karşılaştırılmıştır. Ceza sorumluluğu tam olan grup en yüksek psikopati düzeyine sahiptir (14.00, χ²=18.817 df=2 p<0.001). Tüm katılımcılar değerlendirildiğinde (n=111) psikopati skorlarının erkeklerde (p<0.001), sigara içenlerde (p=0.004), madde kullananlarda (p<0.001), self mutilasyon yapanlarda (p<0.001), özkıyım girişimi öyküsü olanlarda(p<0.001), suçu reddedenlerde (p=0.010) daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ceza sorumluluğu tam olan olgularda psikopati düzeyi diğer gruplardan daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Psikopati düzeyi olumsuz ruh sağlığı çıktıları ile ilişkilidir. Adli psikiyatrik değerlendirmeler zarar azaltma amaçlı koruyucu ruh sağlığı müdahaleleri açısından uygun bir fırsat olabilir.
Treatment of infected soft tissue loss
Authors: Artiaco Stefano , Limone Beatrice , Vezza Daniele , Bosco Francesco , Giustra Fortunato , Colzani Giulia
Published: September 2023

Hand coverage in infected soft tissue loss (STL) is a challenging clinical condition. Appropriate and well-timed antibiotic therapy and careful debridement are crucial for the success of the subsequent reconstructive procedure. Debridement must be radical, and all nonviable or infected tissue should be removed. Strict medical control and multiple procedures can be required when infection recurrence is observed after primary procedure. Secondary healing of STL is usually necessary in these complex conditions. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is often used as a temporary instrument to reduce oedema and drainage, facilitating the attainment of a clean wound for subsequent reconstruction. According to the type and size of the defect, multiple options ranging from skin grafts and substitutes to local and free flaps can be selected for the treatment of infected STL. A reconstructive ladder approach and case-by-case decision making should always be considered. Due to the unique function and role of the hand, the surgical strategy must also take into account aesthetic and functional factors. Orthopedic and Plastic surgeons should manage this wide variety of treatment options in a multidisciplinary and high-specialized context including radiologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists and physiotherapists, customizing the treatment path to the specific patient's situation.
Imaging traumatic facial nerve injuries: a narrative review of current strategies and future directions for cranial nerve imaging
Authors: Datta Néha , Fung Ethan , Hatala Adam , Melnyk Brooks , Bradley Erika
Published: September 2023

Traumatic facial nerve injuries can result in temporary or permanent loss of function. Restoration of facial expression may occur spontaneously or require surgical intervention. Although thorough examination and history can localize the site of facial nerve damage, it can be difficult to predict if and when recovery will occur. This is salient because the window for optimal outcomes from surgical re-neurotization can be as short as 1 to 2 years, after which functional loss may be irreversible. It is essential to offer patients the most appropriate treatment plan based on prognosis, and imaging plays an essential role in localizing the site and morphology of nerve injury. Multiple imaging modalities have been used to evaluate the facial nerve, including Computed Tomography (CT) and, more recently, advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US). CT and MRI are more commonly implemented; however, Diffusion Tensor Tractography, high-resolution US, and functional US are gaining traction for studying cranial nerve pathology. Until recently, the morphology of facial nerve and other cranial nerve injuries could only be inferred using non-invasive diagnostic techniques. With the advent of newer imaging technologies and techniques to examine nerves, more refined assessment and prognostic information is now possible. This article reviews up-to-date cranial nerve imaging techniques from the last ten years and explores future avenues for facial nerve imaging.
Essential neural anatomy for creating a clinically translatable osseointegrated neural interface for prosthetic control in sheep
Authors: Gunderson Kirsten A. , Odorico Scott K. , Nkana Zeeda H. , Sears Lucas , Seils Grant , Minor Rashea L. , Zeng Weifeng , Poore Samuel O. , Dingle Aaron M.
Published: September 2023

Aim: Ovine models for osseointegrated prosthetics research are well established, but do not consider neural control of advanced prostheses. The validity of interfacing technologies, such as the Osseointegrated Neural Interface (ONI), in their ability to provide communication between native nerves and advanced prosthetics is required, necessitating a stable, longitudinal large animal model for testing. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed anatomic description of the major nerves distal to the carpal and tarsal joints, informing the creation of a chronic ONI for prosthetic control in sheep.

Methods: Six pelvic and six thoracic cadaveric limbs from mature female, non-lactating sheep were utilized. Radiographs were obtained to determine average bone length, medullary canal diameter, and cortical bone thickness. Microsurgical dissection was performed to discern topographical neuroanatomy and average circumferences of the major nerves of the pelvic and thoracic limbs. Histologic analysis was performed. A surgical approach for the creation of ONI was designed.

Results: Average metacarpal and metatarsal length was 15.0 cm (± 0.0) and 19.7 cm (± 1.0), respectively. Average intramedullary canal diameter was 12.91 mm (± 3.69) for forelimbs and 12.60 mm (± 3.69) for hindlimbs. The thoracic limb nerves consisted of one dorsal and three ventral nerves, with an average circumference of 5.14 mm (± 2.00) and 5.05 mm (± 1.06), respectively. Pelvic limb nerves consisted of two dorsal and one ventral nerve with an average circumference of 6.27 mm (± 1.79) and 5.40 mm (± 0.53), respectively.

Conclusions: These anatomic data inform the surgical approach and manufacture of a sensory ONI for chronic testing in awake, freely ambulating animals for future clinical translation.
Some perspectives of continuous arterial blood pressure measurements: from kymograph to tonoarteriographic imaging
Authors: Liu Zi-Jun , Xiang Ting , Ji Nan , Zhang Yuan-Ting
Published: September 2023

The measurement and monitoring of continuous arterial blood pressure (BP) have undergone significant evolution over the past 170 years, transitioning from ancient invasive approaches, like kymograph, to modern non-invasive and unobtrusive technologies such as tonoarteriography (TAG). This progressive shift has revolutionized the way we track BP, providing safer, more accurate, and convenient methods for monitoring BP. This paper aims to provide some historical perspectives on the development of continuous BP technology, highlight key milestones that have shaped the field, discuss the state-of-the-art two-dimensional TAG imaging, and address challenges for future unobtrusive BP measurements. In addition to presenting a concise review of the progression of continuous BP measurement technologies, this article also emphasizes the importance of adopting more precise, convenient and affordable approaches for personalized BP monitoring at home and patient care optimizations at hospitals, thereby empowering healthcare professionals to enhance pervasive hypertension management anywhere.
Potentiel des organoïdes cérébraux comme modèles d’étude des neuropathologies chez les animaux domestiques
Authors: PAIN Bertrand , AURINE Noémie , LA ROSA Théo , BAQUERRE Camille , COULPIER Muriel
Published: September 2023

Le cerveau est un organe complexe et tout modèle pour l'étudier dans ses aspects normaux et pathologiques devient un outil de choix en neurobiologie. La maîtrise et la diffusion de protocoles permettant le développement d'organoïdes cérébraux ont ouvert la voie à de nouvelles études dans le domaine du développement du cerveau, de la modélisation des maladies neurodégénératives ou neurodéveloppementales, de la compréhension des tumeurs ainsi que des maladies infectieuses qui affectent le cerveau. Alors que les études se sont focalisées principalement sur l'utilisation d'organoïdes cérébraux humains, il existe un intérêt croissant pour des modèles similaires chez d'autres espèces. Cette revue présente ce qui est actuellement développé dans ce domaine avec un accent particulier sur le potentiel des organoïdes cérébraux pour l'étude des maladies neuro-infectieuses des animaux domestiques, notamment du cheval. Pour cette espèce, les atteintes neurologiques liées aux encéphalites virales sont parmi les plus dommageables pour la filière. La mise au point de modèles d’organoïdes animaux et équins en particulier, les plus prédictifs possibles permettra à la fois de diminuer les coûts de recherche particulièrement élevés pour les études sur les maladies du cerveau et surtout de contribuer efficacement aux 3R, enjeu agronomique et sociétal.
Organoïdes hypophysaires : des outils pour caractériser le développement, la plasticité et les pathologies hypophysaires ?
Authors: TARAGNAT Catherine , CAYLA Xavier , PAIN Bertrand
Published: September 2023

L’hypophyse, glande maitresse de l’organisme, occupe une place centrale dans le système endocrinien. Composée d’un lobe antérieur (adénohypophyse) responsable de la synthèse d’hormones et d’un lobe postérieur (neurohypophyse) de structure nerveuse, elle reçoit des informations hormonales en provenance de l’hypothalamus, des organes périphériques et de ses propres cellules lui permettant de réguler les grandes fonctions physiologiques telles que la croissance, le métabolisme, la reproduction ou le stress. Constituée de plusieurs types cellulaires, chacun dédié à une fonction, l’adénohypophyse doit adapter ses sécrétions hormonales en fonction de la demande physiologique ou des modifications de son microenvironnement liées à des causes physiologiques, contextuelles ou pathologiques. Pour cela, elle fait preuve d’une grande plasticité qui met en jeu des changements dans le nombre, voire l’identité, des cellules sécrétrices. Des cellules souches/progénitrices présentes dans l’hypophyse chez l’adulte pourraient être impliquées. Les mécanismes sous-jacents à cette plasticité sont mal élucidés. Afin de mieux les comprendre, des systèmes d’étude in vitro, tels que les organoïdes capables de mimer la structure architecturale et la fonction tissulaires, offrent une opportunité intéressante. Ils permettent également d’appréhender les dysfonctionnements hypophysaires et d’envisager des approches thérapeutiques chez l’Homme et l’animal d’élevage. En outre, leur utilisation permet de contribuer au principe des 3R pour les approches expérimentales : remplacer, réduire et raffiner. Si les modèles hypophysaires actuels sont en cours d’émergence chez l’humain et les rongeurs, leur mise en place chez les espèces à intérêt agronomique représente un enjeu important. Le but de cette revue est de faire un état des lieux sur l’avancée des travaux visant à développer les modèles d’organoïdes hypophysaires en évaluant leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. Auparavant, des éléments concernant l’histologie de l’hypophyse, son développement lors de l’embryogénèse et ses capacités d’adaptation à des variations de son environnement seront décrits.
Investigating Self-Reporting of Long COVID on Twitter: Findings from Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Thakur Nirmalya
Published: September 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, social media platforms, such as Twitter, have experienced a tremendous increase in conversations related to Long COVID. The term “Long COVID” describes the persistence of symptoms of COVID-19 for several weeks or even months following the initial infection. Recent works in this field have focused on sentiment analysis of Tweets related to COVID-19 to unveil the multifaceted spectrum of emotions, viewpoints, and perspectives held by the Twitter community. However, most of these works did not focus on Long COVID, and the few works that focused on Long COVID have limitations. Furthermore, no prior work in this field has investigated Tweets where individuals self-reported experiencing Long COVID on Twitter. The work presented in this paper aims to address these research challenges by presenting multiple novel findings from a comprehensive analysis of a dataset comprising 1,244,051 Tweets about Long COVID, posted on Twitter between May 25, 2020, and January 31, 2023. First, the analysis shows that the average number of Tweets per month where individuals self-reported Long COVID on Twitter, has been considerably high in 2022 as compared to the average number of Tweets per month in 2021. Second, findings of sentiment analysis using VADER show that the percentage of Tweets with positive, negative, and neutral sentiment were 43.12%, 42.65%, and 14.22%, respectively. Third, the analysis of sentiments associated with these Tweets also shows that the emotion of sadness was expressed in most of these Tweets. It was followed by the emotions of fear, neutral, surprise, anger, joy, and disgust, respectively.
Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress
Authors: Li Wenxia , Chen Yufen , Zhang Yunting , Zhao Ning , Zhang Wanfeng , Shi Mingyue , Zhao Yan , Cai Chunbo , Lu Chang , Gao Pengfei , Guo Xiaohong , Li Bugao , Kim Sung Woo , Yang Yang , Cao Guoqing
Published: September 2023

Pigs are susceptible to cold stress due to the absence of brown fat caused by the partial deletion of uncoupling protein 1 during their evolution. Some local pig breeds in China, exhibit potential cold adaptability, but research has primarily focused on fat and intestinal tissues. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, yet the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in porcine skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This study investigated the cold adaptability of two pig breeds, Mashen pigs (MS) and Large White pigs (LW), in a 4-day cold (4°C) or room temperature (25°C) environment. We recorded phenotypic changes and collected blood, and longissimus dorsi muscle for transcriptome sequencing. Finally, a candidate gene was randomly selected for functional exploration in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. A decrease in body temperature and body weight in both LW and MS pigs under cold stress, accompanied by increased shivering frequency and respiratory frequency. However, MS pigs demonstrated stable physiological homeostasis, indicating a certain level of cold adaptability. LW pigs primarily responded to cold stress by regulating heat production and Glycolipid energy metabolism. MS pigs exhibited a distinct response to cold stress, involving regulation of heat production, energy metabolism pathways, robust fatty acid oxidation ability, and stronger immune response. Furthermore, the functional exploration of PRSS8 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells revealed it affected cellular energy metabolism and thermogenesis by regulating ERK phosphorylation. These findings shed light on the diverse transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle in LW and MS pigs under cold stress, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in pigs.
Agricultural Impacts on Groundwater Resources in Central Saudi Arabia: Insights from Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Alharbi Talal
Published: September 2023

Agricultural activities profoundly affect groundwater levels in Saudi Arabia. The Al Kharj and Wadi Sahba areas, central Saudi Arabia, produce groundwater mainly from the Jurassic Arab/Jubaila aquifer and the overlying Cretaceous Biyadh aquifer. A geographic information system analysis and linear regression analyses show that from 1978 to 2016, significant agricultural overexploitation of the area’s fossil groundwater was associated with groundwater level drops of ~104 m in Al Kharj and ~48 m in Wadi Sahba. The estimated total volume of groundwater withdrawal across both aquifers during this period of wheat and alfalfa irrigation was ~27 billion m3. Landsat image analysis shows that agricultural land use decreased by ~66% over the same period due to overexploitation. The 2016 phase-out of alfalfa farming was associated with increases in groundwater levels: ~26 m in the Arab/Jubaila aquifer and ~3 m in the Biyadh aquifer. This recovery was likely due to lateral flow from surrounding fossil water within the aquifer given the absence of significant surface recharge. Model-based evaluation of surface recharge of the aquifer reveals very low potential for surface infiltration, with almost no recharge into the deep aquifer. Assuming that recovery continues at the present rate, the average groundwater level for the Arab/Jubaila aquifer is expected to reach 98 m below ground level in 2025 and 74 m below ground level in 2030.
Crosstalk between Exercise-Derived Endocannabinoidome and Kynurenines: Potential Target Therapies against Obesity and Depression Symptoms
Authors: Wences-Chirino Tiffany , Rangel-López Edgar , Luna-Angulo Alexandra , Carrillo-Mora Paul , Landa-Solis Carlos , Samudio-Cruz María Alejandra , Fuentes-Bello Alim Caelli , Paniagua-Pérez Rogelio , Ríos-Martínez Juan , Sánchez-Chapul Laura
Published: September 2023

The kynurenine pathway (KP) and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are known to be deregulated in depression and obesity; however, it has been recognized that acute physical exercise has an important modulating role inducing changes in the mobilization of their respective metabolites -endocannabinoids (eCB) and kynurenines (KYN)- which overlap at some points, acting as im-portant antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant biomarkers. There-fore, the aim of this review is to analyze and discuss some studies performed recently to investigate the potential interactions between both systems, particularly, those related with exercise-derived endocannabinoidome and kynurenine mechanisms and to elucidate how, the prescription of physical exercise could represent a new approach for the clinical manage of these two conditions.
Investigation on the Lubrication Performance of γ-Al2O3/ZnO Hybrid Nanofluids for Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yang Ye , Luan Hao , Liu Fengbin , Si Lina , Yan Hongjuan , Xing Chao , Zhang Chenhui
Published: September 2023

Titanium alloys are difficult to machine and have poor tribological properties. This paper investigates the lubricating performance of γ-Al2O3/ZnO hybrid nanofluids for Ti-6Al-4V. The pure and hybrid nanofluid are compared, and the effects of γ-Al2O3/ZnO ratios are studied. The results show that γ-Al2O3/ZnO hybrid nanofluids outperform pure nanofluid in terms of lower friction coefficients and better surface quality. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid with a mass ratio of Al2O3 to ZnO of 2:1 demonstrates the best lubrication performance with a reduced friction coefficient of up to 22.1% compared to the base solution, resulting in improved surface quality. Al2O3 nanoparticles can adhere to the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and work as a coating, which further enhances the lubrication performance of the water-based nanofluid.
Profile Loss Prediction for Organic Rankine Cycle Turbines: An Experimental Case Study
Authors: Hake Leander , Sundermeier Stephan , Wiesche Stefan aus der
Published: September 2023

Results of profile loss measurements, including trailing edge flow details, are presented for the flow of an organic vapor through a linear turbine cascade. The so-called VKI-I blade profile from the open literature was chosen for the cascade, and the working fluid was NOVEC 649. Pitot probes and hot wire anemometry were employed to measure the flow field up and downstream of the cascade. Details of the unsteady flow caused by the trailing edge of the blades and the turbulent spectrum were investigated using hot-wire anemometry. The new organic vapor flow results were compared with literature data obtained for air and with the prediction of conventional literature loss models. It was found that under certain thermodynamic conditions, specific traditional loss models can reasonably predict organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbines' profile loss. Still, significant deviations between the loss models and the experimental data can also occur.
Potential Business Models of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) for Oil Refining Industry in Thailand
Authors: Thepsaskul Waranya , Wongsapai Wongkot , Sirisrisakulchai Jirakom , Jaitiang Tassawan , Daroon Sopit , Raksakulkan Varoon , Muangjai Phitsinee , Ritkrerkkrai Chaichan , Suttakul Pana , Wattakawigran Gengwit
Published: September 2023

The escalating concerns over climate change have propelled industries worldwide to seek innovative strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Within the energy sector, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology emerges as a promising solution to curtail emissions and foster sustainable development aims for net zero approach. The research delves into the role of government support in expediting CCS adoption for the maximum potential of 9.79 MtCO2 storage from six major refinery plants. The refineries mentioned above are anticipated to necessitate an initial capital investment of approximately 18,307 million THB. This research focuses on potential business model proposals appropriate for a country's context, specifically applying CCS technology to Thai oil refining sector. To achieve the realization of CCS within the context of this study, a combination of three essential measures will be required: tax incentives, carbon credits, and grants. This process will commence with the implementation of tax incentives, followed by an increase in the carbon price within the country. Finally, the establishment of a dedicated fund, funded through deductions from oil excise tax revenue, will play a pivotal role in facilitating the necessary financial support for the emergence of CCS.
Ovulation Disorders and Lifestyle Factors as Co-Dependent Underlying Causes of Ovulatory Infertility—A Literature Review with a Proposed Classification of Etiological Factors of Ovulatory Infertility
Authors: Skowrońska Magdalena , Pawłowski Michał , Milewski Robert
Published: September 2023

Ovulatory infertility is a serious clinical problem whose direct causes are still largely unknown. In addition to pathologies that make it impossible for a couple to establish a pregnancy, there are a number of other factors that have a bearing on fertility, including lifestyle factors, particularly diet. Although numerous studies have been performed linking such factors with ovulatory infertility, most of them lack the necessary clinical significance, focusing instead on observational data and establishing associative relationships. This paper includes a literature review focusing on connections between lifestyle factors such as diet, physical exercise, oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation, and ovulatory infertility. Special emphasis was given to issues such as obesity and insulin resistance and their mutual relationship with other factors linked to ovulatory infertility. In addition, making use of the conclusions of literature review, the authors propose a classification of relationships between ovulation disorders and lifestyle factors in ovulatory infertility based on the WHO classification of ovulation disorders, and indicate areas that merit further research. The data presented in the paper shows that the issues of proper diet and physical exercise are those that would merit from robust clinical studies focused specifically on ovulation infertility, while studies concerning the relationship between oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation and ovulatory infertility do not seem to be promising directions as far as clinical significance is concerned.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants and Their Susceptibility Towards Monoclonal Antibodies in a Swedish Cohort During 2022-23, Studied by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Haars Jonathan , Palanisamy Navaneethan , Wallin Frans , Mölling Paula , Lindh Johan , Sundqvist Martin , Ellström Patrik , Kaden René , Lennerstrand Johan
Published: September 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important treatment option for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially in immunosuppressed patients. However, this treatment option can become ineffective due to mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, mainly in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. In the present study 7950 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the Uppsala and Örebro regions of central Sweden collected between March 2022 and May 2023 were whole-genome sequenced using next-generation sequencing, mainly with the Nanopore sequencing method. Pango lineages were determined and all single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations that occurred in these samples were identified. The dominant sublineages changed over time and mutations conferring resistance to currently available mAbs became common. Notable ones are R346T and K444T mutations in the RBD that confer significant resistance against tixagevimab and cilgavimab mAbs. Further, mutations conferring a high-fold resistance to bebtelovimab, such as the K444T and V445P mutations, were also observed in the samples. This study highlights that resistance mutations have over time rendered currently available mAbs ineffective against SARS-CoV-2 in most patients. Therefore, there is a need for continued surveillance of resistance mutations and the development of new mAbs that target more conserved regions of the RBD.