bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal and (thermo-reversible) photochemical cycloisomerization of 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocins; From synthetic applications to the development of a new molecular photothermal switch
Authors: Zhou Minghui , Mathew Simon , de Bruin Bas
Published: October 2022

A novel photothermal molecular switch based on the reversible cyclization of 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocins to dihydro-4H-cyclobuta[c]isochromenes has been developed. The switching mechanism involves a light-triggered ring-contraction of 8 membered 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocins to 4,6-fused O heterocyclic dihydro-4H-cyclobuta[c]isochromene ring systems, with reversion back to the 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocin state accessible through heating. Both processes are unidirectional and proceed with good efficiency, with switching properties—including reversibility and half-life time—easily adjusted via structural functionalization. Our new molecular switching platform exhibits independence from solvent polarity, originating from it’s neutral-charge switching mechanism, a property highly sought after for biological applications. The photoinduced ring-contraction involves a [2+2] conjugated-diene cyclization that obeys the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. In contrast, the reverse process initiates via a thermal ring-opening (T > 60oC) to produce the anti-Woodward–Hoffmann product, proposed to proceed via an ortho-quinodimethane (o-QDM) intermediate. The proposed switching mechanisms are supported by experimental observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Other transformations of 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocins were found upon altering reaction conditions: prolonged heating the 1H-2-benzo[c]oxocins at significantly elevated temperature (72 h at 120°C), with the resulting dihydronaphthalenes formed via the o QDM intermediate. These reactions also proceed with good chemoselectivities, providing new synthetic protocols for motifs found in several bioactive molecules, but are otherwise difficult to access.
Strategic Climate Change Litigation: Potential for Legal Adaptation
Authors: Desaules Marie
Published: October 2022

With the increasing emergency of climate change and the lack of concrete action from States to adapt and mitigate climate change effects, number of legal and non-legal means of contestation emerged to try and accelerate climate action. Climate change litigation is one of them, notably trying to enhance legal adaptation. This contribution will argue that climate change litigation, when used strategically, can have direct and indirect effects to create a more effective climate governance. The hypothesis that will be tested is that climate change litigation cases have an impact that goes beyond verdicts, having the power to affect regulations’ enforcement and creation, and therefore participate in legal adaptation and more effective governance. The effects could be both direct, influencing the State to legislate, or indirect, for instance by co-opting the public opinion or the media. The contribution will start with an overview of the evolution of both climate change litigation and scholarship, as well as the definition debates. A second section will focus on strategic litigation, starting with the legal issues that arise in litigation and the strategic choices available for legal activists in first sub-section. Then, impacts as well as the ways in which strategic choices can maximise impacts of litigation will be analysed. The third part will present a Swiss landmark case: Union of Swiss Senior Women for Climate Protection v. Switzerland.
Shaping Citizenship in a Globalized World
Authors: Iannario Eleonora
Published: October 2022

Citizenship and membership in a nation state may constitute a significant element of identity. Every society looks for the legitimacy of the principles governing it within its own origins. Therefore, cultural diversity is synonymous with juridical and ethical difference, which can range from the recognition of several sources of legitimacy of law to a different relationship between these sources. In the legal sphere, each society’s constant pursuit of its own origins has its greatest expression in the rules of citizenship chosen. For example, the provision of citizenship tests within the EU Member States’ naturalization policies bears witness to this attitude, strengthening the requirements to obtain the citizenship. In fact, during the last decade, the European Union has experienced the rise of test-based forms of integration and this indicates the adaptation of the legal system to increasing flows of migration. Similarly, in the Middle East, the State of Israel represents a paradigmatic case of how the survival of cultural ties is nowadays maintained in granting citizenship. This also highlights how the national law adapts to the historical context in order to allow the respect of economic, political and social rights. Against the perceived Jewish diaspora, indeed, the State of Israel established the Law of Return (ḥok ha-shvūt), namely every Jew has the right to return and obtain, along with citizenship, other facilities to rebuild his life there (‘aliyah). Could these two approaches from Western Europe and the Middle East testify to a strong state sovereignty in choosing their ideal citizens? In conclusion, the purpose of the paper is to show how naturalization policies are deeply influenced by historical, cultural and social elements. Could therefore these naturalization systems be considered anachronistic in the context of the XXI century globalized world?
Air-Rail Alliances in the Context of Liability and Environmental Protection
Authors: Wedenig Stefan-Michael
Published: October 2022

Since the deregulation of airlines in the 1970s and 80s the aviation industry has constantly tried to find new ways to engage with the increasingly competitive aviation market by expanding their outreach through strategic partnerships and global alliances. Over the past 10 years airlines have strengthened their partnerships with railway companies to offer more convenient connections for passengers to their hubs and link remote areas to their route network. These Air-Rail Alliances have helped airlines to stay competitive in the modern aviation market. This short paper will briefly examine two legal issues pertaining to Air-Rail Alliance namely whether an airline can be held liable in case of an accident during the train leg of the journey and how Air-Rail Alliances help airlines to meet their carbon emission reduction goals under the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, Air-Rail Alliances proved to be a good vehicle for airlines to replace specific flights in their network. The paper will first explain basic terminology relating to the airline’s business before explaining the structure of Air-Rail Alliances in more detail. Afterwards, it will address the question as to whether an airline can be held liable in the case of an accident during the train leg of the journey. The paper will answer this question by arguing that airlines cannot be held liable under international aviation law but rather the train operator under the lex loci of the state in which the accident occurred. Finally, the paper will discuss the structure of both the EU ETS and CORSIA and argue that Air-Rail Alliances are a valuable tool for airlines to meet their CO2 reduction goals. It will be highlighted that both regimes are flexible and adaptive enough to take the unprecedented consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic into account and underline how the law can be adaptive in such a changing environment.
Cultural Relations Among States: is a Legal Adaptation Required?
Authors: Galdenzi Paolo
Published: October 2022

Cultural rights are an integral part of human rights. According to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (art. 15), the latter include the right to take part in cultural life, to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and to benefit from the results of any scientific, literary or artistic production.
In order to promote the cultural dimension of human rights, cultural relations among States represent an important tool since they foster initiatives in different sectors (i.e., cinema, literature, music, design, fashion), thereby giving people a better chance to enjoy and develop cultural rights.
This essay will highlight the importance of properly defining and regulating cultural relations among States through an adaptation of international law, which currently lacks any provision on the issue. Although some international instruments mention cultural relations, they never provide a comprehensive legal framework for their development: The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) merely acknowledges the existence of “cultural relations”; while the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) aims to encourage dialogue among cultures (art. 1), but never refers to cultural relations.
In order to fill this legal gap, this article will first examine some international tools connected with cultural relations. Secondly, it will consider the possibility to adopt a new Convention or act of soft law to define their core principles and values.
The overarching argument will hold that an adaptation of international law would help guarantee that the overall outcomes of cultural relations are greater connectivity, better mutual understanding, and enhanced sustainable dialogue between states, people and non-state actors, thereby significantly promoting a human rights-based approach to culture.
Study of Legal Adaptation in China's Wind Power Development
Authors: Tian Li
Published: October 2022

Legal adaptation is considered a crucial part and one of the most effective tools of the global energy transition. The energy transition process promotes the rise of the renewable energy industry and brings a tremendous challenge to the law. How could or should the law adapt to the challenge of this global trend? This article will start this study from the case of Chinese wind energy development.China is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world for renewable energy. Although the large-scale development of wind energy started in 2000, China's wind power installed capacity reached 300 million kilowatts by 2021, and power generation accounted for about 7% of the total electricity consumption . This year's installed capacity of coal power is approximately 1 billion kilowatts, but its power generation accounted for 71.27% of the whole country . Two energy sources with three times the difference in installed capacity have ten times the difference in power generation. Why is China's electricity market so biased towards traditional energy? How did the large-scale wind curtailment in China occur? And what role should the law play in China's energy transition game to adapt and regulate the development of the electricity market and guide China's energy transition?This paper will use game theory to analyze China's power pricing system and the operation of China's national electricity transmission grid, so as to explore how the law has and should adapt to China's renewable energy development under its unique power market system and power administrative management system, to minimize the rent-seeking behavior generated in power transmission and support the development of wind energy. This paper will propose solutions to the problem of wind curtailment in China's energy transition from a legal adaptation perspective and provide a reference for other countries.
Cinema as (Tangible and Intangible) Cultural Heritage
Authors: Mastandrea Bonaviri Gianluigi
Published: October 2022

This research paper will put forward innovative solutions to strengthen the protection of cinema during armed conflicts, in particular by contending that cinema could be qualified as cultural heritage, thereby falling under the protection of the relevant international Conventions.

A special testimony made by artist Sergio Iovino will be first proposed, with a view to highlighting the importance to safeguard cinema and – broadly speaking – every kind of art in wartime. Moving from the current armed conflict in Ukraine, the paper will underline the need for a reassessment of the relevant international regulations. In particular, after having secured a comprehensive definition of cinema, still lacking in international law, it will propose an evolutionary interpretation of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) and the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005).

The paper will then analyze the legal relations between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and filmmaking, which remain nebulous. The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict never refers to cinema, but simply mentions “objects of artistic interest” (art. 1), and already such a definition fails to accommodate cinema’s mongrel nature and complex production process. An adaption of IHL, starting from the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, will be therefore put forward in order to ensure that the art of filmmaking can enjoy legal protection in all phases of an armed conflict.
The Effect of Antepartum Yoga Sequences on Anxiety Levels, Vital Sign Values, and Fetal Heart Rate in Third-Trimester Primigravida
Authors: Yuli Astutik Reni , Pramono Noor , Susanto Hardhono , Kartasurya Martha Irene
Published: October 2022

Anxiety in the third-trimester pregnancy can affect the physical and psychological aspects of the mother and fetus. Until now, there has been no study comparing yoga sequences that are effective in reducing anxiety levels in third-trimester primigravida. The yoga sequence will cause the heart rate to return to normal after finishing exercising, and the body will feel more comfortable. This study aims to determine the effect of antepartum yoga sequences on anxiety levels, vital sign values, and fetal heart rate in third-trimester primigravida. This study was quasi experiments with a pretest posttest control group design conducted in January-April 2022. The sampling technique used cluster sampling to determine the intervention group and control group. The intervention group was given antepartum yoga sequences for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes, consisting of 18 respondents in A group model and 18 respondents in B group model. The control group consisting of 18 respondents, received pregnancy exercise for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes. Data analysis using T-test. The results showed differences in the control group for anxiety (p-value = 0.042), pulse (p-value = 0.021) and respiratory frequency (0.032). In the intervention group model A, there were differences in anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate with p-values ​​of 0.032, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively. While in the intervention group model B, there were significant differences in anxiety, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and fetal heart rate, namely p-values ​​of 0.005, 0.002, 0004, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005. The results of this study can be used by midwifery service providers as one of the complementary treatments for reducing anxiety experienced by third-trimester primigravida mothers, namely by giving antepartum yoga, which is done for 60 minutes.
Expecting Equality
Authors: Jayaram Athmeya
Published: October 2022

The “expressivist objection” argues that prenatal screening leading to termination of embryos or fetuses with disabilities sends a harmful message to people with disabilities, such as the message that their lives are not worth living. I first argue that whether it sends such a message depends on how a reasonable person would see the motives behind the screening. I then argue that a reasonable person would see a harmful message, not when individuals terminate embryos, and not for severe disabilities, but when the state allows the screening and termination of embryos with less severe conditions, such as Down syndrome. This sends the message that it is permissible not to pay a higher cost to support people with disabilities, when there is an abled alternative. This attitude is harmful to the welfare, rights and self-worth of people with disabilities because it reinforces the refusal to provide them with equal opportunity. The state therefore has a strong pro tanto reason to ban prenatal screening for less severe disabilities.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Capital Intensity, and Tax Aggresiveness: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Laksmi Dinda Ayu , Narsa Niluh Putu Dian Rosalina Handayani
Published: October 2022

Abstract
 
Many empirical evidences regarding the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Tax Aggresiveness (TA) had shown inconsistency, thus, there is a need to reconcile those findings by utilize moderating variables which in turn hopefully will provide a more specific explanation regarding the mechanism behind it. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence related to the relationship between CSR and TA and also the relationship between CSR and TA with capital intensity as a moderator. CSR in this study was measured using the index from Global Reporting Intiatives (GRI) version 4. The sample used in this study was 384 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS with multiple linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis. The results show that CSR is negatively related to TA. Furthermore it is also found that capital intensity has a role as pure moderator variable that can weaken the negative relationship between CSR and TA, or in other words the interaction between CSR and capital intensity tends to cause company to engage in TA
Determinants Moderators of Financial Distress: An Evidence Affiliation Group and Political Connection
Authors: Wardhana Rony , Anshori Muslich , Tjaraka Heru
Published: October 2022

There is a theoretical gap in the research during the research period, so it is necessary to reconcile the findings, which is expected to be useful for all parties, academics, practitioners and related companies. The analysis used in this research is the Smart PLS tool. The population in this study are all manufacturing industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020 period. The sample of this study amounted to 144 companies. Tax aggressiveness shows results that do not affect the capital structure of manufacturing companies. Investment decisions affect the increase in capital structure in manufacturing companies. The capital structure shows a strong influence on financial distress in manufacturing companies. The results of the indirect effect test explain that tax aggressiveness has no significant effect on financial distress through capital structure. The results of the indirect effect test explain the substantial impact of investment decisions on financial distress through capital structure. The results of the moderating effect test show that the capital structure has no significant effect on financial distress with group affiliation moderation. The results of the moderating effect test explain the significant effect of capital structure on financial distress by moderating political connections.
Antecedents of Whistleblowing Intentions: Evidance in Local Government Agencies
Authors: Shonhadji Nanang
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the relation of attitude, ethical climate-principle, perceived behavioral control, and personal cost on whistleblowing intention with organizational commitment as a moderating variable. This study uses the moderating regression analysis method. The sample used is employees who work in the Office of the Inspectorate and the Regional Finance and Revenue Management Agency (BPKPD) of Pasuruan Regency. The variables of attitude and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on whistleblowing intention, the variable of ethical climate principle has no effect on whistleblowing intention, and the variable of personal cost has a negative effect on whistleblowing intention as the results of this study. Further results also inform that the variable of organizational commitment as moderating variable and strengthen the role of the theory of planned behavior in shaping a government apparatus intention as a whistle blower.
Decentralization and Citizen Perception of Prosperity in Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Nanda , Mingus Matthew
Published: October 2022

This article contributes to research on the impact of decentralisation reforms on local and regional prosperity. Researchers argue that implementing decentralization reforms can encourage citizens to participate in policy making. To test the idea, this study examines the relationship between fiscal decentralisation, administrative autonomy, direct local elections, and citizen prosperity using the Indonesia Family Live Survey (IFLS) 2007. IFLS is a longitudinal survey that uses face-to-face interviews with adult Indonesians (N individuals = 29,000, N districts = 262). Using ordered logistic regression, we find that fiscal and administrative decentralisation increases the probability that citizens feel prosperous, while direct local elections do not appear to have this effect. This relationship is stronger when the decentralisation reform is conducted in a less-corrupt institutional environment. The findings suggest that decentralisation in the weak political system may improve local prosperity through the improved capacity of Indonesian districts to deliver public services rather than through the opportunities for citizens to participate in local elections
Exercise-induced a-ketoglutarate enhances spatial learning by modulating hippocampal levels of BDNF in a sex-specific manner. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al Ahmad Perla
Published: October 2022

Exercise promotes the release of proteins and metabolites known as exercise factors from the muscles, liver, and bones into the blood. The exercise factors increase hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which mediates the benefits of exercise on cognition. Identifying these exercise factors would elucidate the mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise. In this study we examined the effects of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate a-ketoglutarate (aKG) onacognition in both males and females to uncover any sex differences considering theanew NIH guidelines to factor sex as a variable in research. We report that aKG isareleased in the serum of males following forced resistance exercise and voluntary endurance exercise. In contrast, aKG is released in the serum of females only following voluntary endurance exercise. We used the Morris water maze test to investigate the effects of aKG on spatial learning and memory formation. We report that the administration of exogenous aKG enhances spatial learning but not memory in both males and females. This enhanced learning is associated with an increase in hippocampal BDNF and FNDC5 levels in females only. In males, aKG does not to induce hippocampal FNDC5/BDNF, and therefore promotes learning through a yet unknown mechanism. Overall, our results reveal one of the mechanism through which exercise enhances BDNF and promotes learning in females.
Optimization of making process of api-api (Avicennia marina) mangrove leaves stew with response surface methodology analysis
Authors: Nida Shofwatun , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Riyadi Putut Har
Published: October 2022

The leaves of the A. marina have the potential to be developed into functional foods such as tea. It contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids and glycosides, with antioxidants, antimicrobials, antifungals and antibiotics potential. This study want to examine the effect of oven duration and stewing duration on the stewing quality of A. marina leaves and to determine the optimum oven duration and stewing duration using analysis of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The lower limit of the oven time used is 2 hours and the upper limit is 6 hours, while the lower limit for stewing is 5 minutes and the upper limit is 15 minutes. Analysis of the data carried out is a test for tannin levels, antioxidant activity test and hedonic test. Data of tannins and antioxidant activity processed  using Software Design Expert 11. The progam suggests formulate with oven duration is 4 hours and stewing duration is10 inutes. The result of the tannin test are prdictd to produce 2.8676% and antioxidant activity 1.282 ppm. The desirability value is 0.961. that means the resulting formula is matchs.
Student's worksheet with guided inquiry approach on sub materials of endocrine system enriched with reducing process of diabetic blood sugar levels
Authors: Maulina Endah , Titin Titin , Candramila Wolly
Published: October 2022

The use of student’s worksheets as teaching materials and supporting learning activities is still not evenly distributed. The components are sometimes incomplete. This study aims to describe the development and determine the feasibility of guided inquiry-based worksheets as teaching materials for the endocrine system sub material for second-grade of high schools. This study used a 4D development model limited to three defining, designing, and developing stages. The student’s worksheets were designed based on the problems obtained from interviews with biology teachers in three different schools. At the development stage, the worksheets were validated by five validators consisting of two lecturers and three biology teachers in Pontianak. The validation assessment contained four aspects: the feasibility of the content/material, language, presentation, and graphics with 19 criteria. The student’s worksheet was successfully developed with enrichment in the form of discourse analysis activities related to diabetes and the process of lowering blood sugar levels by plant extracts with guided inquiry stages. The feasibility analysis results of the guided inquiry-based student’s worksheet obtained CVR and CVI values of 1 each so that product can be declared ready for the limited and extensive trial phase. However, the significance of the enrichment topics in this student’s worksheet still needs to be re-examined directly in the teaching and learning process in the Endocrine System Sub material for second grade of high school in both small and large scales groups.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBAYARAN CUKAI ROKOK DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR BERDASARKAN UNDANG -UNDANG NO 39 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS NDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 1995 TENTANG CUKAI
Authors: Hidayat Rizki , Ardiansah Ardiansah , Kadaryanto Bagio
Published: October 2022

Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang yang mempunyai istitusi Kepabeanan yang diselengarakan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai sebagai daerah kegiatan ekonomi maka sektor Bea dan Cukai merupakan suatu instansi dari pemerintah yang sangat menunjang dalam kelancaran arus lalu lintas ekspor dan impor barang di daerah Kepabeanan Cukai merupakan salah satu andalan penerimaan negara yang sangat penting. Pajak tembakau adalah retribusi atas cukai yang dipungut oleh pemerintah dan tarif pajak tembakau adalah 10 persen dari cukai tembakau. Jadi, setiap produk tembakau akan mendapat pajak dua kali, yaitu 40 persen dan 10 persen Maraknya rokok ilegal di negara Indonesia khususnya di kabupaten inhil juga menjadi sorotan, karena pada saat itu rokok illegal beredar bebas, mulai dari penggunaan, Perubahan tarif cukai rokok yang sudah terjadi empat kali dalam lima tahun terakhir dan terus menerus meningkat menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam implementasi kewajiban membayar cukai rokok di kabupaten inhil Perubahan tersebut dinilai memberatkan bagi perusahaan rokok khususnya bagi perushaan rokok kecil dan yang menjadi upayanya adalah DJBC hendaknya perlu mengkaji ulang astas kenaikan tarif cukai rokok tersebut supaya tiak ada lagi perusahaan pengusa rokok yang mengeluhkan tentang kenaikan cukai rokok.
ANALISIS AKIBAT HUKUM PERCERAIAN TERHADAP HARTA BERSAMA DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SEMARANG (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA NOMOR 3122 TAHUN 2019)
Authors: Widhi Siswoyo Indra Cahyaning , Saputra Arikha
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum perceratan terhadap pembagian harta bersama dan untuk mengetahui serta menganalisa  pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan perceraian terhadap pembagian harta bersama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis normatif yang bersumber dari studi kepustaakaan, Data penulisan yang disajikan dalam uraian deskriptif analisis ini selanjutnya akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif.Akibat Hukum Perceraian Terhadap Pembagian Harta Bersama didasarkan pada ketentuan dari Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan yakni didalam pasal 37, Kitab Undang – Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata) tepatnya didalam pasal 126-128. Berkaitan dengan Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Putusan Perceraian Terhadap Pembagian Harta Bersama didalam putusan perkara Nomor 3122/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Smg majelis Hakim telah bersikap adil dan jeli dalam melihat rentetan perkara yang ada. selain itu yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim yang menyandarkan pada pasal Pasal 1 huruf f Kompilasi Hukum Islam.
A Turning Point in the Italian Dairy Farming System: A Comparison between the Frisona Italiana and Bruna Alpina Breeds
Authors: Marigliano Marco
Published: October 2022

This research retraces how the Frisona Italiana, which is renowned for its high milk production, became the most popular breed in Italy during the twentieth century. It virtually supplanted the Bruna Alpina, which was the most widespread strain in the country until the late 1950s. The importance of the Frisona Italiana is not yet fully appreciated and its history should be examined from a comparative perspective due to its peculiar development. The Frisona Italiana has long been differentiated from the original Friesian breed in the Netherlands and the Holstein-Friesian breed in North America, one of the highest dairy-producing cows in the world. Italy was the first country to develop a ‘sub-genre’ from breeding stock of the Friesian and Holstein-Friesian strains. This article provides an accurate reconstruction of the development of the Frisona Italiana and identifies the path that enabled it to numerically outstrip the Bruna. Specifically, I examine endogenous (yields, techniques etc.) and/or exogenous (livestock farming system, farmers’ actions, state intervention, etc.) factors that may have affected decisions to introduce the Frisona breed.
Monitoring the concentration of aldehydes in chicken meat during the storage period after treatment by accelerated electrons
Authors: Bliznyuk U. A. , Borshchegovskaya P. Yu. , Bolotnik T. A. , Ipatova V. S. , Nikitchenko A. D. , Chernyaev A. P. , Khmelevsky O. Yu. , Yurov D. S. , Rodin I. A.
Published: October 2022

A method of food radiation treatment can address a number of problems in the food industry, including the suppression of pathogenic microbial contamination, preservation of the nutritional value of the prod­uct, and extension of the food shelf life. When combined with a highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the method provides detection of biochemical markers of radiation processing in meat prod­ucts with a low content of fat, such as chicken and turkey. We present the results of studying the depend­ ence of the content of volatile organic compounds in chilled chicken meat treated with 1 MeV accelerated electrons in a dose range from 250 Gy to 20 kGy during two weeks of storage. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the irradiated and control samples of food samples were determined on the zeroth, 1 st , 4 th , 6 th , 8 th , 11 th and 13 th days after irradiation. Concentrations of aldehydes, namely, hexanal, heptanal, and pentanal identified in poultry meat samples exposed to radiation demonstrated a similar behavior during two weeks of product storage. Samples exposed to irradiation in a dose range from 500 Gy to 10 kGy exhibited an increase in the aldehyde content on days 1-4 after irradiation. It is shown that the time of aldehydes accumulation in irradiated meat shifts towards a shorter period of the product storage with an increase in the dosage of irradiation. Thus, aldehydes can be considered potential markers of the radiation treatment of chicken meat during the first four days after irradiation.
Study of the electrophysical characteristics of plastic lubricants
Authors: Smirnova A. I. , Mineev L. I. , Gerasimov I. A. , Golubeva M. A. , Shilov M. A. , Usol'tseva N. V.
Published: October 2022

Actively developing electric automobile transport assumes the creation of conductive lubricants. We pres­ent a setup designed to study the electrophysical properties of industrially produced and model plastic lubricants, as well as the samples of a similar consistency. The setup operates within the current frequency range from 0.1 to 1 kHz and includes a temperature-controlled measuring cell that allows changes in the sample thickness and temperature in the range from 20 to 120 °C. A method for determination of cur­rent-voltage characteristics with subsequent calculation of the specific electrical conductivity is proposed. The specific electrical conductivity of model plastic lubricants based on medical vaseline added with car­bon nanostructures (few-layer graphite fragments and their modified analogs) was studied using the de­veloped setup. Vaseline was used as a base model lubricant, since its rheological properties are similar to that of plastic lubricants and it does not contain any additional additives that can affect the measurement result. The electrically conductive properties of the dispersions of carbon nanostructures and their modi­fied analogs in vaseline were analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of carbon nanostructures into dielectric vaseline turns it into an electrically conductive material. The developed setup makes it possible to study the specific electrical conductivity of systems simulating plastic lubricants with a sufficient accuracy. The results obtained can be used to improve the methodology for studying the specific electrical conductivity of model and industrially produced plastic lubricants, including those with conductive additives.
СИНТЕЗ И КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА АКВАКОМПЛЕКСА ЛИТИЯ(I) С МАКРОЦИКЛИЧЕСКИМ КАВИТАНДОМ КУКУРБИТ[6]УРИЛОМ
Authors: Андриенко И.В. , Сухих Т.С. , Коваленко Е.А.
Published: October 2022

Супрамолекулярный аддукт состава [[Li(H2O)2]2((H2O)2@C36H36N24O12)](NO3)2·6H2O получен при нагревании водного раствора, содержащего нитрат лития и кукурбит[6]урил. По данным РСА монокристаллов, связывание металла с макроциклом в комплексе происходит за счет бидентатной координации атомов кислорода порталов кукурбит[6]урила к катионам лития(I), что приводит к образованию молекулярного комплекса. В кристалле катионы [[Li(H2O)2]2(C36H36N24O12)]2+ связаны между собой посредством системы водородных связей и образуют супрамолекулярные цепи. Соединение охарактеризовано набором физико-химических методов: ИК-спектроскопией, термогравиметрическим и элементным анализом; получены также спектры люминесценции.
Das Wissen der Person. Eine Topographie des menschlichen Geistes
Authors: Stekeler Pirmin
Published: October 2022

Anliegen dieses Bandes ist es, Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofers Beitrag zu diesem Projekt in seiner ganzen Breite sichtbar werden zu lassen. Dazu werden seine wichtigsten Aufsätze erstmals in ihrem systematischen Zusammenhang präsentiert. Die Aufsätze des ersten Kapitels (»Wissen und Wirklichkeit«) zeigen, wie der Zugang zur Wirklichkeit, in der wir Menschen handeln, grundlegend durch gemeinsames Wissen geformt ist. Das zweite Kapitel (»Sprache und Sprechhandlung«) befasst sich mit der sprachlichen Verfasstheit dieses Wissens und seiner Einbindung in eine kommunikative, institutionell organisierte Praxis. In ihrer gemeinsamen Tätigkeit begegnen sich die Menschen immer schon als Personen (Drittes Kapitel: »Psychologie der Person«), denen nicht nur eine näher zu bestimmende Würde zukommt, sondern von denen auch die verantwortliche Übernahme sozialer Rollen erwartet wird. Im vierten Kapitel (»Recht als Lebensform«) geht es um den institutionellen Rahmen für Würde, Recht und Pflicht voller Personen, während das fünfte (»Kunst und Religion«) den kulturellen Praktiken gewidmet ist, in denen die Menschen frei auf ihre gemeinsame Lebensform reflektieren.
Respuesta fisiológica al test de lanzadera en pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica
Authors: Kalazich-Rosales Mariana , Mautner-Molina Camila , Fuentes-Leal Francisca , Cárcamo-Ibaceta Carlos , Martínez-Huenchullán Sergio
Published: October 2022

Objetivos: la valoración de la tolerancia al ejercicio es clave para prescribir ejercicio en candidatos a cirugía bariátrica. El test de lanzadera (TL) se ha propuesto para este objetivo. Sin embargo, la evidencia que describe el rendimiento y respuesta fisiológica asociados a esta prueba en dicha población es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la respuesta fisiológica a la realización del TL en candidatos a cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 56 participantes. Se midieron factores antropométricos como la edad, peso, estatura y circunferencia de cintura, así como el nivel de actividad física espontáneo. Se valoró el rendimiento en el TL en metros, la respuesta fisiológica asociada en términos de frecuencia cardiaca de reserva (FCR) utilizada, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, oximetría de pulso, sensación subjetiva al esfuerzo (SSE) y de fatiga de extremidades inferiores, antes y después del TL. Resultados: todos los participantes completaron la prueba sin complicaciones. Caminaron una mediana de 465 metros, equivalente al 61% de la distancia esperada. Utilizaron un 56% de la FCR, mientras que la SSE y fatiga de extremidades inferiores alcanzó valores 7/10 y 6/10 respectivamente. Fueron observadas asociaciones significativas entre el rendimiento en el TL vs factores antropométricos e indicadores de respuesta fisiológica. Conclusión: el TL es una prueba segura para valorar la tolerancia al esfuerzo en candidatos a cirugía bariátrica, la cual induce respuestas fisiológicas asociadas a intensidades moderadas. Se sugiere incluir esta prueba para la valoración de la condición física de estos sujetos.
Arderá su memoria. Hasta que todo sea como lo soñamos
Authors: Jofre Larrea Macarena Irupé
Published: October 2022

Mostrar a las mujeres, tanto a aquellas acusadas de brujería en los albores de la modernidad, como a las que tuvieron que luchar por ser reconocidas en la modernidad, es un humilde, pero a la vez necesario, acto de reivindicación a un sector de la sociedad que ha sido sistemáticamente soslayado, apartado, violentado y quemado, simbólica y literalmente. 

El arte nos permite un espacio donde poner en juego las sensibilidades, genera lugares comunes desde donde compartir y visibilizar la lucha de las mujeres a partir, en este caso, de una instalación. Arderá su memoria es una instalación artística que versa sobre las mujeres en la historia, tanto aquellas acusadas y quemadas por brujas, como de las mujeres que nos son contemporáneas que lucharon y siguen luchando por un mundo más justo.
No "tenemos" un cuerpo, somos cuerpo
Authors: Del Arenal Martínez del Campo Mónica
Published: October 2022

el presente artículo es una autoetnografía sobre mi proceso como paciente neurológica desde el año 2019. El presente ensayo relata y analiza la experiencia que viví cuando un ataque epiléptico me aviso que "algo andaba mal conmigo" en la ciudad de Roma, Italia.
Dampak Covid-19 terhadap Pariwisata Sumatra
Authors: Faradis Royhan , Afifah Uswatun Nurul , Saputro Syaiful Nugroho Adi
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic which has paralyzed tourism, especially in Sumatra. Unlike the previous crises, the Covid-19 impact is wider and bigger. The closure of transportation access and advice to stay at home made the tourism sector sluggish. Sumatra is one of the areas that has been hit quite hard due to the pandemic. Areas that experience deeper contraction need to be prioritized for tourism recovery as soon as possible. This study uses quantitative research methods to find theoretical references in various scientific journals, books, reports, and actual and trusted news on the internet that are relevant to cases or problems. This study aims to see how much influence the pandemic has on tourism in Sumatra and identify which provinces should be the top priority in accelerating recovery. The main comparison variable used is the hotel room occupancy rate of each province. From the analysis of the odds ratio, it is concluded that tourism in the provinces of Sumatra is more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic than in other regions in Indonesia. Areas with archipelagic topography such as Riau, Riau Islands and Bangka Belitung were identified as the areas hit hardest by the pandemic.
Optimización de flujo de red en la formulación de proyecto de inversión en Tecamachalco, Puebla
Authors: Medel Chavéz Gonzalo , Arana-Coronado Oscar Antonio , García Sanchez Roberto , Valdivia Alcalá Ramón
Published: October 2022

Utilizando programación lineal se formuló un modelo de flujo de redes para optimizar el uso de la tierra de pequeños productores en la zona del valle de Tecamachalco, Puebla, México. Se estimó el patrón de cultivos óptimo con el propósito de incrementar los beneficios netos a lo largo de un horizonte de producción y obtener los indicadores financieros como VAN, TIR y R B/C. Estos valores se compararon con la metodología tradicional de la evaluación de proyectos. El horizonte de producción fue de cinco años para cinco cultivos hortícolas: cebolla, jitomate, pimiento morrón, pepino y calabacita. Los resultados indicaron que el patrón de cultivos óptimo fue producir jitomate en primavera-verano (p-v) y pimiento morrón en otoño-invierno (o-i). Se obtuvo un VAN de $295 229.84 pesos, TIR de 68.64% y una relación B/C de 1.52. El beneficio neto del plan de producción fue de $7 422 367.00 pesos, siendo superior entre 15 y 45% con respecto a la producción de forma individual de cada cultivo. Para los cultivos seleccionados se calcularon ganancias de $6 254 668.49 y $6 339 146.18 pesos para jitomate y pimiento morrón respectivamente.
Identificación de hongos endófitos de Ageratina pichinchensis con actividad antagónica contra fitopatógenos de importancia agrícola
Authors: Camacho-Luna Valeria , Rodríguez-Hernández Aida Araceli , Rodríguez-Monroy Mario , Robledo Norma , Sepúlveda-Jiménez Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Ageratina pichinchensis es una planta medicinal, endémica de México conocida como Axihuitl. Los extractos de las hojas muestran actividad antifúngica contra hongos dermatofitos, pero no hay estudios de la identificación de los hongos endófitos. El objetivo fue identificar hongos endófitos de A. pichinchensis con potencial como agentes de control biológico de fitopatógenos. De las hojas de A. pichinchensis se aislaron 55 morfoespecies de hongos endófitos que pertenecen al filo Ascomycota. La identificación molecular basada en el análisis de las secuencias de los espaciadores internos transcritos (ITS) amplificadas por PCR mostró que seis de los hongos más frecuentes corresponden a Remotididymella anthropophila y Diaporthe caatingaensis y a los géneros Diaporthe, Phomopsis y Fusarium. En ensayos de antagonismo múltiple, siete morfoespecies mostraron actividad antagónica fuerte contra los patógenos Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum y Stemphylium vesicarium dos hongos endófitos pertenecen a Alternaria alternata, otro a Trichoderma longibrachiatum y otros dos son de los géneros Alternaria y Phomopsis. Mientras que Nigrospora oryzae fue el único endófito más frecuente y con actividad antagónica contra los tres patógenos. En ensayos de cultivo dual, los endófitos con actividad antagónica fuerte inhibieron de 37 al 80% el crecimiento micelial de F. oxysporum y F. proliferatum, pero en el ensayo de alimento envenenado, T. longibrachiatum inhibió el crecimiento micelial de los dos patógenos en 79 y 66%, respectivamente. Por primera vez se reporta a R. anthropophila como un hongo endófito, así como la identificación y la actividad antagónica de hongos endófitos de A. pichichensis.
ACTIVITY OF 222Rn IN TAP WATER IN KIELCE COUNTY
Authors: Metryka-Telka Monika , Styś-Maniara Marta , Dołhańczuk-Śródka Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Radon is known as a radioactive element that dissolves easily in water. It is worth mentioning that it is available in all possible reservoirs. Its concentration cannot be measured directly but only from the emitted radiation. Investigations of 222Rn activity in water in the Kielce district were subjected to three selected water intakes: Bolechowice, Kołomań and Wola Kopcowa. This type of research was conducted for the first time in the discussed area. The results were analyzed in detail in terms of acceptable concentrations. Next, it was determined whether the geological location of the intakes in question may have an impact on the amount of radon present in water from the water supply network.
TESTS OF SELECTED PROPERTIES OF CONSTRUCTION MORTARS MODIFIED WITH WASTE GYPSUM BINDER OBTAINED IN THE FLUE GAS DESULPHURIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Koper Artur , Ciemnicka Justyna , Brych-Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Buczkowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of tests of selected properties of plastering mortars that are based on natural gypsum binder, as well as on synthetic gypsum binder from the flue gas desulphurization process. The mortars were analyzed with regards to their durability. For the purpose of the publication, the recipe (quantitative) compositions of the plastering mortars, which differed in terms of the type of used setting retarder (PlastRetard PE and tartaric acid A200), were designed. The mortar recipes were determined experimentally, assuming that the beginning of the setting time was 120 min (the average beginning of the setting time for currently available building mortars), and that the content of the binder was 70%. The assumed research program included tests of flexural and compressive strength, surface hardness, and the adhesion to the substrate. The results of the research confirmed the possibility of modifying the recipe compositions of gypsum plastering mortars.
COVID-19: Current landscape on global incidence of neurologic features and their restorative strategies
Authors: Sulekha Khute  , Rajendra Kumar Jangde  , Rajnikant Panik
Published: October 2022

According to WHO, he SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus malady to begin with showed up in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 200 nations, coming about in a worldwide wellbeing widespread. There are over 3.5 million affirmed cases and between 165,000 and 243,000 fatalities. The essential signs are respiratory and cardiac, but neurological highlights have too been detailed in case reports and case arrangement with in the writing. Headache and tipsiness are the ore most detailed side effects, taken after by encephalopathy and daze cerebrovascular mischance, Guillian barre disorder, intense transverse myelitis, and intense encephalitis are among the complications famous. Hyposmia was the foremost common fringe appearance. It ought to moreover be famous that neurological appearances can in some cases go before normal highlights such as fever and hack, and those normal signs create afterward in these patients. Our objective is to advise neurologists and doctors who are treating suspected COVID19cases around the conceivable neurological introductions, plausible neurological complications, and the different treatment options available, to consider the long run of this worldwide widespread, and to distinguish a few potential alternatives that may revolutionize the treatment of this novel infection disease. We provide an outline of the current information concerning neurological appearances related with COVID-19, to the extent that literature is already available as the pandemic is still progressing.