bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potency of endophytic fungi from Nauclea orientalis L. as antioxidant producer
Authors: Nurnawati Elisa , Widjajanti Hary , Sutandar Vivi Hendra , Harwati Maulida , Amelia Eka , Alharzsa Siti , Tanzerina Nina
Published: November 2021

Nauclea orientalis L. is widely distributed in Indonesia. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins are abundant in the bark of N. orientalis L. These compounds have the potential to act as antioxidants. Endophytic fungi, through genetic transfer and coevolution, can produce the same metabolites as their host plant. As a result, understanding the potential of endophytic fungi from N. orientalis L. to produce antioxidant compounds that can be developed is critical. According to the findings of this study, twelve isolates have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. Three isolates had high antioxidant activity: DB2 was identified as Aspergillus minisclerotigenes with an IC50 of 21 g/mL containing tannins, terpenes, and flavonoids, AB3 as Colletotrichum perseae with an IC50 of 31 g/mL containing tannins and terpenoids, and AB1 as Diaporthe tulliensis with an IC50 of 48 g/mL containing tannins. The secondary metabolite group has the potential to be developed into an antioxidant agent
Autotransplantation of Flaps in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Infection After Osteosynthesis (Analysis of Clinical Observations)
Authors: Ganiyev R. R. , Nevedrov A. V. , Valiyeva R. I. , Zadneprovsky N. N. , Ivanov P. A. , Lazarev M. P. , Svetlov K. V.
Published: November 2021

Unfortunately, suppuration of a postoperative wound remains the most frequent complication of surgical intervention. If suppuration is located superficially, within the subcutaneous fat, it can be successfully managed with minimal functional losses. The clinical course is significantly complicated if the focus of infection is located under the skin, in the thickness of the muscles, in the fracture zone. In the case of suppuration in the area of osteosynthesis, the complication may become critical.Such a complication is a serious condition that requires multi-stage complex and sometimes multidisciplinary treatment.The conditions for a successful outcome in this pathology are the minimum period from the moment of suppuration, active surgical tactics, stability of the implant, and good vascularization of the surrounding soft tissues.Active surgical tactics involves the opening and sanitation of purulent foci, leaks, recesses. Staged necrectomies are inevitable companions of surgical treatment and can cause the formation of defects in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles.The resulting soft tissue defect leads to exposure of the bone and plate. Removal of the metal fixator becomes inevitable.Only the closure of the defect with a complex of tissues based on free vascularized composite grafts can radically solve the problem.The article presents two clinical observations of deep wound infection after bone osteosynthesis, where autotransplantation of a vascularized flap was used. The use of this technique made it possible to achieve suppression of infection, wound healing by primary intention, to create conditions for consolidation of the fracture, restoration of function and preservation of the limb as a whole.
Simultaneous Brachial Plexus Block and Combined Two-Segment Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia with Fixation of an Epidural Catheter in the Subcutaneous Canal in a Patient with Polytrauma
Authors: Marchenko A. P. , Yamshikov O. N. , Yemelyanov S. A. , Mordovin S. A. , Petrukhin A. N.
Published: November 2021

The article reports an example of the simultaneous use of brachial plexus block and combined two-segment spinal-epidural anesthesia with fixation of an epidural catheter in the subcutaneous canal in an 81-year-old patient after receiving a household injury - closed fracture of the olecranon of the right ulna with displacement of fragments and closed transtrochanteric fracture with a fracture of the right femur fragments. After preoperative preparation and examination, the patient underwent two consecutive surgical interventions within a day: open reduction of comminuted transtrochanteric fracture of the right hip, dynamic femoral screw osteosynthesis and open reduction of fracture of the right olecranon, Weber’s osteosynthesis. Surgical interventions were carried out under regional anesthesia: block of the brachial plexus via supraclavicular access and combined two-segment spinal-epidural anesthesia with a method developed in our clinic for fixing an epidural catheter in the subcutaneous canal using a modified spinal needle. After the operation, the patient underwent postoperative pain relief in the form of epidural analgesia for 72 hours. The postoperative period passed without complications. On the 13th day, the patient was discharged for outpatient treatment by a traumatologist. The use of local anesthesia in the form of two methods of regional anesthesia during two consecutive surgical interventions, in an elderly patient with a high anesthetic risk, followed by long-term postoperative anesthesia in the form of epidural analgesia with a reliable method of epidural catheter fixation in the subcutaneous canal without the use of narcotic analgesics, contributed to the successful carrying out two surgical interventions at once, early activation of the patient, absence of complications in the postoperative period. Reliable catheter fixation is very important for the quality of epidural analgesia. Dislocation of catheters by more than 2 cm can lead to migration of catheters from the epidural space, changing the course of anesthesia, deteriorating its quality, or even interrupting it altogether. The new method of catheter fixation in the subcutaneous canal developed by us made it possible to prevent catheter dislocation.
Hubungan antara Pendapatan Daerah, Belanja Daerah dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) di Provinsi Kepulauan Banka Belitung dengan Analisis Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR)
Authors: Husril Husril , Zukhri Nizwan , Valeriani Devi
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze and determine the relationship between Regional Income, Regional Expenditures and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The type of research used is quantitative. The data sources of this research are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Directorate General of Treasury (DJPB). The data used is on Regional Income, Regional Expenditure and GRDP in all districts/cities of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2014-2019. The data analysis performed was analysis Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR). The results showed no causal relationship between regional income and GRDP in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, with probability values of 0.94 and 0.87. Meanwhile, there is a one-way relationship between regional income and regional expenditure in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands with a probability value of 0.005 and 0.16, and there is no causal relationship between regional expenditure and GRDP in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands with a probability value of 0.98 and 0.96.
Effects of Resin Content on the Characteristics of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board Prepared from Strands of Betung, Ampel, and Their Mixtures
Authors: Hariz Tengku Muhammad Renzy , Santosa Indra Agus , Maulana Muhammad Iqbal , Marwanto  , Prasetia Denni , Hidayat Wahyu , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Kim Nam Hun , Febrianto Fauzi
Published: November 2021

The objectives of this research were to evaluate bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB) characteristics made from betung (Dendrocalamus asper), ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), and their mixtures at two different contents (3% and 5%) of methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate (MDI) adhesives. The strands were steam-treated at 126°C for 1 h under the pressure of 0.14 MPa. Three-layered BOSBs with a target density of 0.7 g/cm3 were made with the size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 0.9 cm and a shelling ratio of 1:2:1 (face:core:back layers). The physical and mechanical properties of BOSB were evaluated following JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, and the results were compared with the CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 standard. The results show that BOSB from the mixtures of betung and ampel bamboo strands has higher dimensional stability as shown by the decrease in water absorption and thickness swelling and higher mechanical properties than single BOSB. All BOSBs with 5% resin content have higher dimensional stability, MOE, and MOR than BOSB with 3% resin content. The physical and mechanical properties of all BOSB manufactured met the CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 standard. This study proved that BOSBs from the mixture of betung and ampel strands have the potential to be developed due to having better physical and mechanical qualities than a single BOSB.
Keywords: ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), bamboo oriented strand board, betung (Dendrocalamus asper), resin content, strand mixtures
Tree Health Assessment of Lauraceae Collections in Bogor Botanic Gardens using Forest Health Monitoring Method
Authors: Zulkarnaen Rizmoon Nurul , Wardani Fitri Fatma , Hutabarat Prima Wahyu Kusuma , Martiansyah Irfan , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi
Published: November 2021

Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) is an ex-situ plant conservation area with thousands of plant collections. The trees of the Lauraceae in BBG experienced the highest number of deaths among other families. However most of them were categorized as young planting years (0-15 years). A tree health monitoring in the Lauraceae needs to be conducted to provide an overview, trend, and value of the level of damage. Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method was carried out on two plots consisting of 149 trees. FHM can identify the types and levels of damage through monitoring and recording a series of tree damage. The results showed that among 149 trees, with 103 healthy, 9 lightly damaged, 10 moderately damaged, 15 heavily damaged, and 12 dead. The damage was primarily found in the stem (63 trees), the crown branch (51 trees), and the roots (13 trees). The severity of the damage was mainly at a mild level (0-19%). The cause of the damage is discussed. Further observations and frequent monitoring of the health of the Lauraceae need to be conducted by management to reduce the number of dead collections of the family.
Keywords: botanic gardens, Forest Health Monitoring, lauraceae, tree health
OF FOLLOW-UP OF RISK GROUP NEONATES (PART 1)
Authors: Riga O.O.
Published: November 2021

The short-term results of surviving orthe absence of health problems in early childhoodare not sufficiently for assessment and prognosis ofgroup risk neonates. The long-term follow-up systemmay improve the understanding of relationship riskfactors, treatment types and child development.The different risk factors for unfavorable results ofinfant’s development were recognized. They must bediscussed by parents and documented. The group riskneonate’s follow-up system requires connectionalteam work of specialists, family members andanticipate of creation of unified national database.
A DÚVIDA NO ENSINO DE ÉTICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Pacheco Leandro Kingeski , Carminati Celso João
Published: November 2021

Este artigo buscou refletir sobre a dúvida no ensino de ética no ensino médio, enquanto um possível procedimento pertinente ao percurso epistemológico do estudante e ou do professor, por meio da análise e respectiva transposição de algumas teses de alguns pensadores ligados à filosofia e ou à educação. Existem várias interpretações sobre o significado da dúvida, mas abordamos apenas quatro, apoiadas em teses de: i) Descartes, contidas no livro Discurso do Método (2001), que versa sobre um caminho para o aprimoramento ou à validação do conhecimento; ii e iii) Freire e de Faundez, expostas no livro Por uma Pedagogia da Pergunta (2013), que podem ser associadas, respectivamente, ao cultivo da pergunta e ao perguntar para conhecer e resolver problemas; iv) Savater, encontradas no livro As Perguntas da Vida (2001), que a reconhece enquanto uma etapa pertinente ao filosofar.
O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA MEDIADO PELA CATEGORIA “LUGAR”: a partir do saber tradicional da “panema”
Authors: Brandão Gelciane da Silva , Batista Leandro Nogueira , Aguiar José Vicente de Souza
Published: November 2021

O artigo faz parte dos resultados da pesquisa que iniciou nos estudos realizados no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ensino de Ciências na Amazônia, intitulada “Saberes Tradicionais e o Ensino de Ciências: um estudo de caso na comunidade ribeirinha Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Miriti – Parintins/Amazonas”, cujo objetivo consistiu na discussão da ideia de lugar a partir dos saberes tradicionais relativos à “panema” como uma forma de micropoder que atribui sentido para o povo que nele acredita. Ocorreu por meio da realização de diálogos como os moradores da comunidade, a partir do procedimento fenomenológico de investigação. Os resultados indicam que há possibilidade de alteridade entre estes saberes no ensino da ciência geográfica articulando à categoria Lugar, expandindo o seu conceito como uma forma de micropoder. Conclui-se que o exercício de pensar essa categoria para o ensino da geografia escolar não significa abandonar o conhecimento científico, mas compreender que existem outras possibilidades de dialogar com o mundo além das definições da ontologia ocidental, ao mesmo tempo que se torna possível entender como pessoas constroem suas percepções do lugar de existência e de vida.
PRODUÇÕES ACADÊMICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL BRASILEIRA: um olhar a partir do IRaMuTeQ
Authors: Dos Santos Carneiro Raylson , Vizolli Idemar
Published: November 2021

Este artigo resulta de um estudo em dissertações e teses desenvolvidas na área de abrangência da Educação Matemática, em programas de pós-graduação das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), localizadas na Amazônia Legal Brasileira (ALB) e que compõem o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação na Amazônia (EDUCANORTE), primeiro Doutorado em Educação em Rede do país. Ele teve como objetivo analisar as temáticas mais relevantes presentes nessas pesquisas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja busca das produções defendidas no período 2013 a 2020 deu-se por meio eletrônico no repositório do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Após o refinamento, selecionou-se 119 produções, sendo 88 dissertações e 31 teses. A mineração de textos deu-se a partir do uso do software IRaMuTeQ, o qual permite o processamento dos dados, a partir do corpus textual composto pelos resumos das produções acadêmicas, e, na sequência, realizou-se a interpretação dos resultados apresentados pelo software. A Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) da lexicografia apresentou quatro classes: Formação de professores, dificuldades de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento de estudos empíricos e estudos de Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPC). Já a Análise de Similitude dos dados possibilitou a visualização da coocorrência entre as palavras contidas no corpus. A análise dos resultados apresentados pelo software mostra que as pesquisas sobre a Educação Matemática nessas instituições concentram-se nas temáticas de formação de professores, análise do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, currículo e dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática.
TRADISI SAPARAN DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT JAWA DI LUMAJANG
Authors: Ningsih Tutuk
Published: November 2021

Indonesia has diverse tribes and traditions that make Indonesia rich of various cultures. As an ancestral heritage, cultural traditions are still preserved by Indonesian society. There are some traditions that arecarried out every year, as well as by Javanese who continue to enforce their cultural traditions, because it relates to their religion and does not harm the society. This study aims to describe and analyze Saparan Tradition of Javanese society. This research implements qualitative research method, with the data is obtained directly from the field through observation at the actual conditions in the society, among Moslem Javanese.The data collections in this study are observation, documentation and interview. The results of the study related to the socio-cultural and religious conditions of Ditotrunan society. They are unique. Geographically,their location is in the center of the city, but still holding the tradition of saparan every year. The tradition on Safar Month, which is known as saparan by the Javanese in Lumajang, is carried out by making jenang asan expression of gratitude or slametan. Each family makes jenang in Safar Month, they take turns to make jenang, and then it is served in a leafcoated plate. After everything is ready, it will be presented on the table.Then, the head of the household leads a prayer for goodness, then sharing jenang to the neighbors and the relatives next to them. In addition, in saparan tradition, there is also a festival followed by ladies dressed inkebaya (Javanese Blouse), they work together to make jenang. After cooking, they place the meal on a grounded leaf plate. Then, a prayer is conducted and led by the priest. Finally, they eat jenang together in thesociety.
BATIK SOKARAJA DALAM WACANA TAREKAT ISLAM:
Authors: Hidayat Arif
Published: November 2021

penelitian ini mengungkapkan tentang wacana tarekat Islam dapat melekat dalam motif dan ideologi batik tradisional Sokaraja dan batik tradisional Sokaraja dalam mempertahankan identitas di tengah wacana kebutuhan trend dan mode pasar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian semi-etnografi, yang di dalamnya mempelajari peristiwa tradisi dan konteksnya, yang menyajikan pandangan hidup subjek penelitian, serta kaitan antara tradisi dengan pemahaman (mind). Hasil penelitian ini, pertama, acana dalam ajaran tarekat tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah dan Syadziliyah melekat dalam motif dan ideologi batik tradisional Sokaraja. Dominasi tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah dalam pengaruh pada batik Sokaraja terlihat pada tahun 1950-an ketika Muhammad Rrifaâ€™i Affandi menjdi Ketua Komunitas Batik Banyumasan. Adapun pengusaha yang kebanyakan adalah pengikut yang ikut membatik dalam rangka untuk menghidupi ekonomi keluarga. Wacana ajaran tarekat melekat dalam pola, motif, corak, isen, dan ideologi. Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah dapat terlihat dalam nuansa simbolitas unsur-unsur Islam yang cukup kental, sedangkan pengaruh tarekat Syadziliyah lebih mengarah pada unsur alam, terutama tumbuhan.  Kedua, etos kerja perajin batik tradisional Sokaraja dalam mempertahankan identitas di tengah wacana kebutuhan trend dan mode pasar ditumbuhkan dengan membuat varian antara batik tulis dengan batik cap. Batik tulis yang harganya mahal ditopang dengan batik cap yang bisa dijangkau oleh kalangan menengah ke bawah. Adapun batik tulis biasanya dibeli dari kalangan menengah ke atas sebagai gaya hidup yang menghargai kualitas, dan nilai-nilai budaya. Walaupun para perajin di era sekarang ini membuat batik dalam pesanan pasar, namun doa dan keyakinan bahwa rezeki datang dari Allah tetap melekat sehingga amalan ibadah tetap dilakukan sesuai dengan ajaran Islam. Dalam keyakinan doa itulah, para perajin meyakini bahwa batik pada keberlimpahruahan ini, rezeki tidak akan tertukar sehingga mereka memiliki semangat untuk berkreasi dengan memunculkan motif baru berdasarkan  kekayaan budaya di daerah sekitar.
TRADISI NYEWU DI KOMUNITAS JAMAAH MUJAHADAH SAPU JAGAD DUSUN JIWAN, DESA ARGOMULYO, KECAMATAN CANGKRINGAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Mawardi Kholid
Published: November 2021

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Dakwah Transformatif Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Kroya Dalam Membentuk Masyarakat Berperilaku Sosial Religius
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Nurmahyati Siti
Published: November 2021

Dakwah Tranformatifâ€, merupakan dakwah yang dilakukan denganmetode refleksi dan metode aksi, sehingga tidak hanya dalam bentuk ceramah-ceramah yang dilakukan secara monolog dari seorang daâ€™i. Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda menjadi penting karena pondok ini dapat menjadi model pelaksanaan dakwah transformative yang memberikan banyak konstribusi kepada masyarakat. Rumusan masalah yang  menjadi acuan penelitian  ini adalah: Bagaimana metode dakwah yang dilakukan oleh Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Kecamatan Kroya dalam membentuk masyarakat yang memiliki perilakusosial-religius, Bagaimana bentuk-bentuk dakwah transformatif yang dilakukan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda.

Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori lapangan (field research) dengan  mengambil studi kasus (case study) pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda Kroya Cilacap. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan interdisipliner. Yaitu pendekatan sosial dan pendekatan agama. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam kepada pengasuh dan pengurus pondok pesantren, dan dokumentasi. Analisa data melalui triangulasi data melalui langkah-langkah reduksi data, display data dan pengambilan kesimpulan.

Dalam pelaksanaan dakwahnya Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda menerapkan model DakwahTransmormatif  dengan menggunakan metode refleksi, metode aksi, dari model yang monolog menuju yang dialog, dari materi dakwah yang ubudiyah kepada materi dakwah sosial.Bantuk bentuk dakwah transformative Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda berupa transformasi sosial kultural, transformasi ekonomi melalui ajaran-ajaran filantropi Islam, transformasi etis melalui ajaran toleransi terhadap penganut agama di luar Islam dan transformasi melalui pelayanan kesehatan.
PARADIGMA BARU MENGEMAS DAKWAH MELALUI MEDIA TELEVISI DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: November 2021

In this global era, daâ€™wah through television has an important role in human development, especially akhlaq,moral, and character development. At present, television should deliver daâ€™wah programs with a new paradigm adopting 5basic elements: 1) as the centre of information for all social classes; 2) as a media of education and instruction, whichparticipate in socializing religious values so that it can promote the birth of intellectual and religious Muslim society (khoiruummah); 3) daâ€™wah package with direct or indirect interactive methods with daâ€™i or daâ€™iyah can give a fast and appropriatesolution to the society; 4) the existence of actual and creative daâ€™wah programs on TV can balance the uneducativeprograms, especially foreign cultures which come into society without any boundaries; 5) television can be a means ofeconomic and social development among Muslims through producing marketable daâ€™wah programs, such as talk show,religious drama program (sinetron), Islamic movies, etc. and this can be the source of financial funding for Islamic preaching.
Telaah Hermeneutika atas Poligami
Authors: Sanurdi Sanurdi
Published: November 2021

Islamic ideology is the interpretation of Moslems to the Holy Qurâ€™an. One of the interpretation potentially causes some endless controversy. Polygamy discourse arouse because of the different frame and it implies to the different understanding. Hermeunetic frame as an alternative solution, emphasize to the language grammatical and historical dialect about the polygamy law understanding.
Sejarah Peradilan Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Akram Andi
Published: November 2021

The up and down of Islamic court in Indonesia is related to the dynamic of social and politic. In colonialism era, this court is concerned only in marriage, divorce, and marriage reconciliation . Nowadays, according to UU no. 4 th. 2004, its function is divided into three parts executive, legislative, and judicial.
Instrumen Derivatif dan Mekanisme Hedging dalam Perspektif Syariah Islam
Authors: Kusumastuti Dani
Published: November 2021

The application of derivative instruments have been broadly expanded. As a hedging instrument, it is now becomes so far as an  investment instrument that traded in the market in massive volume. Major of Islamic scholars have found them to be objectionable based on the juridical nature of contractual arrangements. This paper explains the expanding function of contemporary derivatives and reviews the scholars legal point of view. This paper also defines the basic norms of Islamic financial ethics as the guidance for developing Islamic financial instrument. In the last section of this paper examines alternative for Islamic hedging based on salam and al-khiyar principles, which completed by syariah insurance.
Konseptualisasi Qat'i dan Zanni dalam Diskursus Usul Fikih
Authors: Syufa'at Syufa'at
Published: November 2021

Qat'iy and zanni consist of two elements; al-thubut (the truth of the source) and al-dalalah (meaning). There are no differences in arguments about the truth of the Al-Qur'an source. The problems are in the contents since it depends on the intellectual capacity of mufassir.
Cita Menuju Ideal Moral Al-Qur'an (Kajian atas Neo-Modernisme Fazlur Rahman)
Authors: Mudaris Hudan
Published: November 2021

According to Fazlur Rahman, the interpretation of Qur'an verses should go along with the social changes. Meanwhile, still there is a phenomenon on arguing the best solution; maintaining the classical interpretation or building contextual ones. When changing happened there is a challenge to prove the existence of Qur'an.
Potret Sosiologis Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Sunaryo Agus
Published: November 2021

The ability of Islamic law in solving society problems performs a unique creature as the model of Islamic law in Indonesia. Some processes which have proved its existence among the pluralism in Indonesia can be analyzed socially and historically.
Problem Pengembangan Kreativitas Hakim di Tengah Intervensi Kekuasaan dan Mafia Peradilan (Bercermin pada Pemikiran Filsafat Hukum Roscoe Pound)
Authors: Syafi'i SJ Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Roscoe Pound stated that law must be functioned as a social control and social engineering so there should be a space for them to be more creative on applying the laws.Almost all of law holders have the duty realizing the ideal of law completely. Among other law holders the position of the judge is special. The judge basically is the representation of God in the world to uphold the law and justice. Nevertheless placing the judge as law maker is not always easy, because they are only one of practical caretakers of law which their independence and integrity is often covered by some internal and external interests.
Good Governance dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Rachman Arief Aulia
Published: November 2021

Governance system refers to all systems in bureaucracy which conducts its role to order the citizen. The study of governance is not only talk about a little part of it, but it refers to all important elements in a state.
Flexural Capacities of Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Bubbledeck Slabs of Plastic Spherical Voids
Authors: Amer M. Ibrahim  , Nazar K. Ali  , Wissam D. Salman
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the flexural capacities of R.C two way hollow slabs of plastic spherical voids, also known as BubbleDeck slab system. Recently, various types of slab systems which can reduce the self-weight of slabs have been studied as the height and width of building structures rapidly increase (1). A biaxial hollow slab system is widely known as one of the effective slab systems which can reduce the self-weight of slabs (1). A BubbleDeck slab has a two-dimensional arrangement of voids within the slabs to reduce self-weight (2). The behavior of BubbleDeck slabs is influenced by the ratio of bubble diameter to slab thickness. To verify the flexural behavior of this BubbleDeck slab such as ultimate load, deflection, concrete compressive strain and crack pattern, two-dimensional flexural tests were tested by using special loading frame. Six test of specimens were used. Two were a conventional RC slab and four were BubbleDeck slabs having void diameter to slab thickness ratios of (0.51, 0.64 and 0.80). Results have shown that the crack pattern and flexural behavior depend on the void diameter to slab thickness ratio. The ultimate load capacities for BubbleDeck slabs having bubble diameter to slab thickness of (0.٥1 and 0.64) were the same of solid slabs, while when bubble diameter to slab thickness of (0.80) the ultimate capacities were reduced by about (10%).
Evaluation of Water Quality of Hemren Lake
Authors: SAAD SH. SAMMEN
Published: November 2021

In this study Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied in Hemren Lake, Diyala province, Iraq using ten water quality parameters (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Hardness, Total Dissolve Soluble, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphate) from 2008 to 2010 to evaluate the suitability of Hemren Lake ecosystem for drinking and irrigation uses. The Weighted Arithmetic Index method (WAM) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index methodology (The CWQI 1.0 model) were used to calculate the water quality index (W.Q.I). The results indicated that drinking water quality of Hemren Lake is good and marginal for the study period according to (WAM) and (CCME) respectively, while the irrigation water quality is good and according to (WAM) and (CCME). It is suggested that monitoring of the lake is necessary for proper management. Application of the WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enables the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of lakes in Iraq.
Generation of Entangled Photons by A Short Coherence Length Violet Diode Laser
Authors: Ra'ad Subhi Abbood  , Ahmed I. Khaleel  , Shelan Kh. Tawfeeq
Published: November 2021

Pumping a BBO crystal by a violet diode laser with a wavelength of (405  nm) output power of (24 mW) and a line width of (3nm) was employed to generate entangled  photons with a wavelength of 810 nm by achieving type II phase matching conditions. The coincidence count rate obtained in this experiment was in the range of (18000) counts/s. Two BBO crystals with different thicknesses of (4 mm and 2 mm) were tested, where maximum count rates of about (18000) counts/s was obtained with a (5*5*2) mm BBO crystal where the short coherence time for the pumping source was tolerated by using shorter  BBO crystals. Also, the effect of compensating crystal on the walk-off effect was studied. The coincidence count rates were increased by using these crystals when their optic axes were fixed in the opposite direction relative to the optic axis of the original BBO crystal
Forecasting of Evaporation from Hemren Reservoir by using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: SAAD SH. SAMMEN
Published: November 2021

The evaporation is one of the basic components of the hydrologic cycle and is essential for studies such as water balance, irrigation system design, and water resource management and it is requires knowledge of the values of many climatic variables. In order to estimate the evaporation, direct measurement methods or physical and empirical models can be used. Using direct methods require installing meteorological stations and instruments for measuring evaporation. Installing such instruments in various areas requires specific facilities and cost which is hard to be employed. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to assess the potential and usefulness of ANN based modeling for evaporation prediction from Hemren reservoir by using daily temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine hours, and evaporation data in Hemren meteorological station. Also, this study outlines a procedure to evaluate the effects of input variables on the output variable using the weight connections of ANN models.The Lev. Marqn. Back Prog. (LMBP) has been utilized to construct the ANN models. For the development ANN model, different networks with different numbers of neurons and layers were evaluated. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Correlation Coefficient (R2) were employed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The study shows that the best model for estimation of evaporation is ANN (4-10-1), it have MSE equal to 0.112711 and the correlation coefficient (R2) equal to 0.999540.
Design and Simulation of parallel CDMA System Based on 3D-Hadamard Transform
Authors: Ali T. Shaheen
Published: November 2021

Future wireless systems aim to provide higher transmission data rates, improved spectral efficiency and greater capacity. In this paper a spectral efficient two dimensional (2-D) parallel code division multiple access (CDMA) system is proposed for generating and transmitting (2-D CDMA) symbols through 2-D Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) channel to increase the transmission speed. The 3D-Hadamard matrix is used to generate the 2-D spreading codes required to spread the two-dimensional data for each user row wise and column wise. The quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used as a data mapping technique due to the increased spectral efficiency offered. The new structure simulated using MATLAB and a comparison of performance for serial one-dimensional (1-D) CDMA and parallel (2-D) CDMA is made under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), flat fading and multi-path selective fading channels conditions. It is found that 2-D CDMA has better speed and performance than serial 1-D CDMA.
A Report on Vector Surveillance for Zika/Dengue at CCS International Airport, Lucknow, India
Authors:   Regional Office of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Kendriya Bhawan, 9th Floor, Aliganj, Lucknow, India, Kamal Shaukat
Published: November 2021

In view of reports of Zika outbreak from Gujarat & Rajasthan states, an entomological surveillance of Aedes aegypti vector was carried out at Adani Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) International Airport, Lucknow and its adjoining areas between 2016 to 2019. The regular monitoring of the vector and effective intervention measures prevented the invasion of new pathogen of Zika and Yellow fever pathogen (virus) by bringing down the Aedes aegypti vector density at lowest level. The entomological indices worked out in 2016 as the premise index in the month of February, June and August, were remained positive for Aedes aegypti and container index (CI) was found 14.14. The House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) & Breteau Index (BI) were 24.50, 17.51 & 25.27, respectively in residential colony of Air Port Staff located at a distance of 0.50 km, whereas, indices were found very high i.e. 37.50, 25.50 & 57.62, respectively in Farrukhabad/Chillawan civil inhabitation located at a distance of 2.0 Kilometre. With the dedicated efforts of Airport Authority of India and State Health Department, Aedes aegypti indices gradually declined to very low level as the premise were positive for Aedes aegypti larvae but container index inside & outside airport premise became 2.70 & 4.37 respectively in early half of 2019. The HI, CI & BI were found 2.57, 2.69 & 3.09 in the airport residential colony and 3.15, 2.57 & 2.77, respectively in civil inhabitation i.e. Farrukhabad/Chillawan area in early half of 2019. The collateral impact of low vector density resulted drastic decline in dengue morbidity by 83.73% & 74.74% and in mortality by 88.89% & 94.44%, during 2017 & 2018 respectively in comparison to 2016 and the case fatality rate (CFR) declined from 0.65% in 2016 to 0.14% in 2018. However no death was documented due to Chikungunya in Lucknow and the morbidity though was doubled in 2017 & declined again to the level of 2016, but remained very less in comparison to dengue, as only 44, 80 & 47 cases of Chikungunya were reported during 2016, 2017 & 2018, respectively. The Airport also achieved the dividend in the form of conferring the title of Best Airport of the year 2018 in size & region managing the cleanliness in increased thrust of passengers’ load to more than double in limited resources.
Determinants of Healthcare Expenditure in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: Through the lens of NSSO Data
Authors:   Department of Economics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Ram Manokamana
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the determinants of health-care expenditure in the Eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. Secondary data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of 75th round on social consumption related to health were utilized. The Heckman two-step selection model was used to analyse household and individual decisions to seek care. Findings of this study reveal that having household head aged between 31 to 60 and above 60 years, household size greater than 5 members, belonging to religion other than Hindu, non-ST category as Schedule caste, Other backward class and others, people residing in urban area, people having higher economic status, private hospitals, upper primary and secondary+ schooling of household head and having household members with chronic illnesses were determinants contributing more health-care spending. However, female household head had less likely to incur healthcare expenditure as compared to male household in the region. An important finding indicates that the majority of people visited private hospitals in the region which increased the health-care spending at large and it burdened financially to the vulnerable section of the society. Based on the discussion, a few policy suggestions have been proposed to counter the above problems.
Contemporary Resistance Status of Anopheles Stephensi against Insecticides in District Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors:   School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India, Moin Sarmad
Published: November 2021

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces the effectiveness. The present susceptibility study carried out against theAnopheles Stephensi to monitor the sensitivity conditions of An. Stephensi vector, which raises the need to understand the state of vector resistance in the Dungarpur region of Rajasthan, India in order to better report vector-based interventions. The sensitivity study was carried out by the WHO standard method using recommended diagnostic doses of DDT, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. An. Stephensi showed resistance to DDT from the entire study while sensitive to alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The study looks at the selection and circulation of the appropriate insecticide’s molecule for a vector control program as insecticide need constant monitoring to develop effective vector control strategies such as improving insecticide by applying integrated biological and ecological methods.
Integrated Pest Management Programs with Special Emphasis on Livestock Production in India: A Review
Authors:   St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, Kerala, India, KV Anis
Published: November 2021

Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites considered as a great role in medical and veterinary science. However, they can transmit a wide variety of infectious agents that significantly impact animals’ health and product performance, which negatively reflects the livelihood of resource-poor farming communities, especially in India because 80% of the human population depends on income from dairy farms. This review focused on the problems associated with TBDs and integrated tick control strategies, emphasizing livestock farming systems in India. Developments discussed in the review in the controlling measures such as the efficacy of acaricides, biological control, and recent advances in vaccine development.
Estimation of the Antibiotic Activity against Pseudomonas sppIsolated from Ear Infection
Authors:   University of Sumer, College of Science, Department of Pathological Analyses, Iraq, Hussein Ehsan F
Published: November 2021

Background: An ear infection, can be classified into otitis externs and otitis media, this affects all age groups especially infants and young. This infection associate with pathogenic microorganism type, frequent antibiotic uses, health care and age. The most common pathogenic bacteria of the ear infection are Pseudomonas spp. Antibiotic resistance represents a serious threat to the health of humans. Methods: 48 ear swabs were collected through the use of wooden sticks in a sterile container for the identification of Pseudomonas, Serratiaand Klebsiella species by VITEK 2 system and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility against these bacterial species was detected through the method of standard disk diffusion on the Moller Hinton agar. Results: Among ear swabs, the positive growth percentage of the pathogenic gram-negative bacteria was 29.166%, and the percentage of Pseudomonas spp. was 57.142%. Males were found to be more susceptible than females with an infection percentage of 57.142%. Conclusion: The antibiotic susceptibility patterns show the azithromycin, gentamycin, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, ceftriazon, and gentamycin have activity against Pseudomonas spp.
Is the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Ingenuous?
Authors:   Scientist ‘G’, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Tilak Rina
Published: November 2021

The inability to identify the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 even after more than twenty months of its emergence is intriguing and challenges the scientists and the public health personnel alike. Apprehension has been raised in certain quarters that some sort of human interference has taken place in the already dynamic gene pool of coronaviruses, which is a matter of concern. The need to have a scientific audit is paramount to unearth the real narrative about its origin as the precipitous assumption based on reports of human case incidences of infectious respiratory viral diseases having pandemic potential from a specific region is scientifically premature and it does not conclusively confirm the region to be the place of origin of the viral pathogen. Delineation of the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for formulating strategies for the prevention of future outbreaks of viral zoonotic diseases if any, development of effective candidate vaccines, and designing target specific drugs. Further, this will put to rest the controversy about the origin and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and create an ambience for cooperative functioning among the global stakeholders. It is pertinent to have comprehensive scrutiny of the laboratories conducting experimental research on coronaviruses particularly bat and other suspected mammalian beta-coronaviruses to avert such calamitous situations in future. Mitigation of the disastrous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is a global responsibility and necessitates joint efforts from all stakeholders across the globe.
The Study of Biochemical Markers in Chronic Renal Failure Patients in Pre- and Post-Haemodialysis
Authors:   Al-Nisour University College, Iraq, Jawad Mohammed Abed
Published: November 2021

Background: The current research is designed to investigate alterations in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde - MDA) and renal markers (urea and creatinine) in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) as compared to the control group. Method: The study included 55 subjects, who were separated into two groups: control group, which included 15 healthy members with no history of systematic illness; and patients group, which included 40 patients with CRF divided into four groups “Non: CRF patients without any accompanied disease, DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus, HT: CRF patients with hypertension, and HT + DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension”. Results: The findings reveal that there is a notable increase in serum concentration of MDA, urea, and creatinine, in patients group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: In all chronic renal failure patients with or without any accompanying disease, lipid peroxidation is present in pre- and post-haemodialysis patients as well as patients with CRF have high levels of urea and creatinine compared with healthy groups.
USE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG, CARBOWAX) AS AN EMBEDDING MEDIUM PRODUCES RESULTS COMPARABLE TO PARAFFIN
Authors: Romanov A. , Ly K. , Kirchoff B.
Published: November 2021

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-carcinogenic, water-soluble polymer of ethylene oxide that has found wide applicability in industry and medicine, and has been used to embed and section small animal and plant tissues. Here we investigate the use of PEG for the rapid embedding of larger plant tissues. Ovaries of Musa velutina, Heliconia psittacorum and eight other species were embedded with a mixture of PEG 1450 and PEG 4000. It was found that tissues up to 6.5 × 10 mm could easily be embedded and sectioned in PEG. Embedded tissues could be stored at room temperature for up to 5 days with no detrimental effects. Sections were easily cut at 8–15 μm on a rotary microtome. PEG embedding resulted in equal or better tissue differentiation, better retention of cell inclusions, and reduced shrinkage compared with paraffin embedding. The process was also faster, requiring only 3–6 h compared with the 2 days needed for paraffin embedding. PEG is a rapid-embedding medium suitable for use with even large plant tissues.
Defining Major Oil and Gas Companies’ Development Strategies in the Era of Energy Transition
Authors: Salygin V. I. , Lobov D. S.
Published: November 2021

The energy market today is turbulent. Nations follow different energy trends and shape their policies towards Energy Transition and sustainable development. To avoid risks and pursue opportunities, oil and gas companies must adapt their longterm strategies to macro-trends and national regulations.The study's objective is to investigate how major oil and gas companies’ development trends correlate with trends and strategies at the national level. The hypothesis is that oil and gas companies’ operations and innovation portfolios are linked to national energy mixes and environmental regulations. To do this, the authors examined the energy markets of 54 countries with the focus on Brazil, Canada, China, EU, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the USA, operational indicators, and innovation development trends of 18 major oil and gas companies. The production volumes have been translated into an ordinal scale and analyzed with the use of Spearman correlation.The study confirmed a weak correlation between oil and gas companies' operational indicators and national strategies. Companies operating in countries with strict environmental regulations, primarily in the European Economic Area, have been more likely to adapt their businesses to energy transition while building up oil and gas production; they also have had more diversified innovation portfolios. As more countries moved towards later generations of environmental regulations, the increase in renewable energy investments was found in more oil and gas majors.