bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skeletal growth in class II malocclusion from childhood to adolescence: does the profile straighten?
Authors: Taloumtzi Matoula , Padashi-Fard Melisa , Pandis Nikolaos , Fleming Padhraig S.
Published: May 2020

Background

There is relatively little appreciation of the changes in maxillary-mandibular relationships occurring during adolescence among subjects with normal and increased overjet. The aim of this study was to assess differences in changes in maxillo-mandibular relationships during the adolescent growth period based on the presence of a normal (< 4 mm) or increased (> 4 mm) overjet in childhood. Our hypothesis was that there is no difference in the change of the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle during growth between these two overjet groups. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 65 subjects taken from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collections Project. Cephalograms were obtained at ages 7–10 (T0) and 14–17 (T1) with allocation into two groups based on baseline overjet (> 4 mm: group 1, 2-4 mm: group 2). Random effects linear regression was used to account for multiple within -patient measurements with dependent variables including antero-posterior skeletal pattern (based on sella, nasion, A point (SNA); sella, nasion, B point (SNB); and ANB angles).

Results

We included a similar number of males (n = 34; 52.3%) and females (n = 31; 47.7%). The mean ANB was higher at baseline in group 1 (5.42, SD 2.16°) than in group 2 (3.08, SD 1.91°). The hypothesis was rejected as the ANB angle reduced by 1.92° more in the larger overjet group with the association being statistically significant after accounting for age and gender (P < 0.001; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). No significant gender-related effect (P = 0.624; 95% CI − 0.637 to 1.07) was observed overall. However, there was no significant increase in SNA angle in the > 4 mm overjet group compared to the 2–4 mm group (0.857°, P = 0.271; 95% CI − 0.669 to 2.383). The SNB angle increased by 1.15° more in the higher overjet group but there was only weak evidence of an association (P = 0.086; 95% CI − 2.464 to 0.164).

Conclusions

A slight straightening of the facial profile was observed in both groups with a statistically significant greater reduction in ANB arising in the group with larger baseline overjet. This translated into a marginal reduction in the overjet in this group.
Transcriptome analysis on responses of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) leaves to a short term flooding
Authors: Qiao Dandan , Zhang Yajie , Xiong Xuemei , Li Mingyang , Cai Kai , Luo Hui , Zeng Bing
Published: May 2020

Background

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a popular cool-season perennial grass with a high production value, and orchardgrass seed is the fourth top-selling forage grass seed in the world. However, its yield and quality are often affected by flooding. To date, the molecular responses of orchardgrass to flooding were poorly understood.

Results

Here, we performed mRNA-seq to explore the transcriptomic responses of orchardgrass to a short term flooding (8 h and 24 h). There were 1454 and 565 differentially expressed genes identified in the 8 h and 24 h of flooding, respectively, compared to well control. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that oxidoreductase activity and oxidation-reduction process were highly present, suggesting that flooding induced the response to oxygen stress. Pathways enrichment analysis highlights the importance of glutathione metabolism, peroxidase, glycolysis and plant hormone signal transduction in response to flooding acclimation. Besides, the ROS clearance system is activated by significantly expressed glutathione S-transferase and genes encoding SOD and CAT (CAT1 and CDS2). The significant positive correlation between RNA sequencing data and a qPCR analysis indicated that the identified genes were credible.

Conclusion

In the process of orchardgrass response to flooding stress, multiple differential genes and biological processes have participated in its acclimation to flooding, especially the biological processes involved in the removal of ROS. These results provide a basis for further research on the adaptation mechanism of orchardgrass to flood tolerance.
Stability enhancement of wind energy integrated hybrid system with the help of static synchronous compensator and symbiosis organisms search algorithm
Authors: Guchhait Pabitra Kumar , Banerjee Abhik
Published: May 2020

Conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are being used in the industries for control purposes. It is very simple in design and low in cost but it has less capability to minimize the low frequency noises of the systems. Therefore, in this study, a low pass filter has been introduced with the derivative input of the PID controller to minimize the noises and to improve the transient stability of the system. This paper focuses upon the stability improvement of a wind-diesel hybrid power system model (HPSM) using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) along with a secondary PID controller with derivative filter (PIDF). Under any load disturbances, the reactive power mismatch occurs in the HPSM that affects the system transient stability. STATCOM with PIDF controller is used to provide reactive power support and to improve stability of the HPSM. The controller parameters are also optimized by using soft computing technique for performance improvement. This paper proposes the effectiveness of symbiosis organisms search algorithm for optimization purpose. Binary coded genetic algorithm and gravitational search algorithm are used for the sake of comparison.
Spanish multicenter real – life registry of retrievable vena cava filters (REFiVeC)
Authors: De Gregorio Miguel A. , Guirola Jose A. , Urbano Jose , Díaz-Lorenzo Ignacio , Muñoz Jose J. , Villacastin Elena , Lopez-Medina Antonio , Figueredo Ana L. , Guerrero Javier , Sierre Sergio , Blazquez Sanchez Javier , Kuo William T. , Jimenez David
Published: May 2020

Background

The treatment of venous thromboembolic disease the treatment of choice is systemic anticoagulation. However, the interruption of the inferior vena cava with filters has been recommended when anticoagulation fails or there is a contraindication. Due to the rising inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) complications, physicians are encouraged to retrieve them when there is no longer recommended. In daily practice, it may be a difficult close follow-up of these patients. In this study, the primary objective was to evaluate the IVCF retrieval rate of all implanted filters in a Spanish registry. Secondary objectives were to analyze the causes of failed retrieval, procedure-related complications, and outcomes at a 12-month follow-up.

Results

Three hundred fifty-six vena cava filters were implanted in 355 patients. The types of filter were: Gunther Tulip (Cook Medical) 160 (44.9%), Optease (Cordis) 77 (21.6%), Celect (Cook Medical) 49 (13, 7%), Aegisy (Lifetech Scientific) 33 (9.2%), Option ELITE (Argon Medical devices) 16 (4.4%), Denali filter (BD Bard) 11 (3.08%), ALN filter (ALN) 10 (2.8%).

Removal was achieved in 274/356 (76,9%). eighty-two (23,1%) IVCF were not retrieved due to the following: 41 (11,5%) patients required ongoing filtration, 24 IVCF (6,7%) patients died before retrieval, and 17 (4,7%) impossibility of retrieval because of a tilted and embedded filter apex. There were no major complications observed.

Conclusions

The global retrieval rate of IVCF was achieved in 76.9%, and the adjusted retrieval rate was of 94.15% with no major complications. IVCF tilting was associated with failure of filter removal in less than 5% of cases. This study demonstrates that the retrieval procedure of IVCF is controlled by the clinician and not by the interventional radiologist.
Antimicrobial practices among small animal veterinarians in Greece: a survey
Authors: Valiakos George , Pavlidou Eleni , Zafeiridis Christos , Tsokana Constantina N. , Del Rio Vilas Victor J.
Published: May 2020

Background

The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major issue in clinical practice in Greece with serious implications for public health and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first insight into the use of antibiotics by small animal practitioners in Greece and assess their compliance with general rules for the rational use of antibiotics. This is the first survey of its kind in Greece.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed to collect basic information on the use of antibiotics by pet veterinarians. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 70 veterinarians mainly operating in the region of Attica, a region that comprises almost 50% of the Greek population and where veterinarians are engaged solely in small animal practice. The questionnaire consisted of 37 closed questions dealing with various aspects on the use of antibiotics.

Results

The majority of practitioners report cases where the pet owner initiated antibiotic treatment without veterinary prescription. Almost every clinician reported owner-compliance challenges. Regarding microbiological analysis, 73% of respondents initiate empirical treatment while waiting for laboratory results or use antibiogram only when the treatment is unsuccessful. Eighty-eight per cent declared to use antimicrobials postoperatively in clean surgical procedures. Different types of antimicrobials and treatment durations than the ones proposed by guidelines on rational use of antibiotics are preferred for various organ systems e.g. in urinary and gastrointestinal infections.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the need for guidelines on antibiotic use in small animal practice in Greece, and the deployment of systematic surveillance on antimicrobials use and resistance to inform the initial choice of antibiotics upon local antimicrobial resistance profiles. Targeting the other end of the problem, pet owners, our findings indicate the need to educate them on the rational use of antibiotics and, critically, stop antibiotic availability without prescription.
Placental Regulation of Energy Homeostasis During Human Pregnancy
Authors: Armistead Brooke , Johnson Eugenia , VanderKamp Robert , Kula-Eversole Elzbieta , Kadam Leena , Drewlo Sascha , Kohan-Ghadr Hamid-Reza
Published: May 2020

Successful pregnancies rely on sufficient energy and nutrient supply, which require the mother to metabolically adapt to support fetal needs. The placenta has a critical role in this process, as this specialized organ produces hormones and peptides that regulate fetal and maternal metabolism. The ability for the mother to metabolically adapt to support the fetus depends on maternal prepregnancy health. Two-thirds of pregnancies in the United States involve obese or overweight women at the time of conception. This poses significant risks for the infant and mother by disrupting metabolic changes that would normally occur during pregnancy. Despite well characterized functions of placental hormones, there is scarce knowledge surrounding placental endocrine regulation of maternal metabolic trends in pathological pregnancies. In this review, we discuss current efforts to close this gap of knowledge and highlight areas where more research is needed. As the intrauterine environment predetermines the health and wellbeing of the offspring in later life, adequate metabolic control is essential for a successful pregnancy outcome. Understanding how placental hormones contribute to aberrant metabolic adaptations in pathological pregnancies may unveil disease mechanisms and provide methods for better identification and treatment. Studies discussed in this review were identified through PubMed searches between the years of 1966 to the present. We investigated studies of normal pregnancy and metabolic disorders in pregnancy that focused on energy requirements during pregnancy, endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and placental hormone regulation.
Fibroblast growth factor-6 enhances CDK2 and MATK expression in microvesicles derived from human stem cells extracted from exfoliated deciduous teeth
Authors: Othman Ahmed , Mubarak Rabab , Sabry Dina
Published: May 2020

Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered one of the most convenient sources of adult stem cells. This study aimed to examine the effect of fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) on SHEDs and evaluate CDK2 and MATK gene expression in SHED-derived microvesicles (MVs). SHEDs were cultured from deciduous teeth pulp.

Methods: SHEDs were divided into two groups: the control group and test groups, with and without FGF-6 supplementation, respectively. After the third passage, SHED proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. MVs were purified and CDK2 and MATK gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. SHEDs were identified by their positivity for CD90 and CD73, and negativity for CD45 and CD34.

Results: SHEDs proliferation in the test group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001). mRNA from SHED-derived MVs from the test group exhibited a markedly elevated expression of CDK2 and MATK, (P<0.002 and P<0.005, respectively) in comparison with those of the control group. FGF-6 enhanced the proliferation of SHEDs. Proliferation enhancement is favorable for the production of a large number of stem cells, which will then be beneficial for cell-based therapies.

Conclusions: CDK2 and MATK genes in SHED-derived MVs can be used as molecular biomarkers for SHED proliferation.
The impact of city-wide deployment of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes on arboviral disease incidence in Medellín and Bello, Colombia: study protocol for an interrupted time-series analysis and a test-negative design study
Authors: Velez Ivan D. , Santacruz Eduardo , Kutcher Simon C. , Duque Sandra L. , Uribe Alexander , Barajas Jovany , Gonzalez Sandra , Patino Ana Cristina , Zuluaga Lina , Martínez Luis , Muñoz Estefanía , Mejia María Camila , Arbelaez María Patricia , Pulido Henry , Jewell Nicholas P. , Dufault Suzanne M , O'Neill Scott L. , Simmons Cameron P. , Anders Katherine L. , Tanamas Stephanie K.
Published: May 2020

Background: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are viral infections transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and present major public health challenges in tropical regions. Traditional vector control methods have been ineffective at halting disease transmission. The World Mosquito Program has developed a novel approach to arbovirus control using Ae. aegypti stably transfected with the Wolbachia bacterium, which have significantly reduced ability to transmit dengue, Zika and chikungunya in laboratory experiments. Field releases in eight countries have demonstrated Wolbachia establishment in local Ae. aegypti populations.

Methods: We describe a pragmatic approach to measuring the epidemiological impact of city-wide Wolbachia deployments in Bello and Medellín, Colombia. First, an interrupted time-series analysis will compare the incidence of dengue, chikungunya and Zika case notifications before and after Wolbachia releases, across the two municipalities. Second, a prospective case-control study using a test-negative design will be conducted in one quadrant of Medellín. Three of the six contiguous release zones in the case-control area were allocated to receive the first Wolbachia deployments in the city and three to be treated last, approximating a parallel two-arm trial for the >12-month period during which Wolbachia exposure remains discordant. Allocation, although non-random, aimed to maximise balance between arms in historical dengue incidence and demographics. Arboviral disease cases and arbovirus-negative controls will be enrolled concurrently from febrile patients presenting to primary care, with case/control status classified retrospectively following laboratory diagnostic testing. Intervention effect is estimated from an aggregate odds ratio comparing Wolbachia-exposure odds among test-positive cases versus test-negative controls.

Discussion: The study findings will add to an accumulating body of evidence from global field sites on the efficacy of the Wolbachia method in reducing arboviral disease incidence, and can inform decisions on wider public health implementation of this intervention in the Americas and beyond.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03631719. Registered on 15 August 2018.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ С ГИБРИДНОЙ СИЛОВОЙ УСТАНОВКОЙ
Authors: Sidorov Maxim Vladimirovich , Zar Lin Ni , Chizhevsky Constantine Vladimirovich , Semenov Maxim Andreevich , Sidorov Vlfdimir Nikolaevicsh
Published: May 2020

Работа посвящена вопросу развития и компоновке автомобилей с гибридной силовой установкой. В настоящее время наблюдается значительный рост их использования, который обосновывается высокими экономическими и экологическими показателями. Экологические показатели достигаются путем снижением выбросов отработавших газов за счет применения преобразованной и накопленной электрической энергии. Экономические показатели достигаются путем рекуперации кинетической энергии, тем самым повышая топливную эффективность. При активном развитии автомобилей с гибридной силовой установкой, в том числе на территории России, требуется создание дополнительных условий для обеспечения их технически исправного состояния.Цель – определение рациональных схем компоновки гибридной силовой установки.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использованы методы анализа литературных источников.Результаты: выявлена перспективная компоновка гибридной силовой установки для автомобиля.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять для повышения топливная экономичности автомобилей и снижения токсичности выбросов отработавших газов.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMIZING CONSIGNMENT SIZE IN INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRANSPORT
Authors: Lutsenko Elizaveta Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

Рассмотрена динамика индекса деловой активности PMI (Purchasing Managers Index) по регионам и странам. Этот индекс используется для определения изменений товарных запасов, производительности поставщиков, уровня занятости, объемов выпуска продукции и количества новых заказов в производстве. Снижение уровня товарных запасов увеличивает интенсивность товарооборота. Таким образом, необходим переход на более частые поставки мелкими партиями. Это приводит к увеличению транспортных расходов на транспортировку. Рассмотрены тенденции влияния таких внешних факторов, как потребительский спрос на товары, ставка рефинансирования, курс национальной валюты.Цель. Определить размер партии грузов и периодичность их поставок по критерию минимизации суммарных логистических затрат.Методология / Методы. В статье используются методы математической статистики, регрессионного анализа.Результаты. Предложен алгоритм решения задачи оптимизации размера партии грузов. Получены зависимости составляющих суммарных затрат от частоты поставок.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ БОКОВОЙ РЕАКЦИИ ПРИ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ АМОРТИЗАТОРА
Authors: Tikhov-Tinnikov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Fedotov Alexander Ivanovich , Alekseev Alexey Vasilyevich
Published: May 2020

В статье представлено аналитическое исследование влияния технического состояния амортизатора на характеристики изменения боковой реакции в пятне контакта эластичной шины с опорной поверхностью. Исследуется процесс движения автомобиля по окружности с переездом единичной неровности. Предложено использовать зависимость боковой реакции от времени в качестве диагностического параметра для контроля технического состояния амортизатора. Выполнена оценка чувствительности и однозначности рассматриваемой зависимости.Цель – теоретическое обоснование метода диагностирования подвески автомобиля по изменению боковых реакций в пятне контакта колеса с дорогой.Методы проведения работы: использованы численные методы решения дифференциальных уравнений, методы математического моделирования и математического анализа.Результаты: разработан математический аппарат для аналитического исследования чувствительности и однозначности боковых реакций автомобиля при изменении параметров технического состояния амортизаторов.Область применения результатов: результаты могут быть использованы организациями и учреждениями, занимающихся разработкой методов диагностирования автотранспортных средств.
Europejska polityka wobec Romów – w stronę inkluzji?
Authors: Kołaczek Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

European Roma Policy – Towards Inclusion?

This article aims to present the concepts of current European Union’s policy towards the Roma, starting with its origins up until recent years, as well as briefly diagnose the involvement of the EU’s institutions in developing and implementing programs and guidelines for national policies towards the Roma people in member states. This research paper also analyzes to which degree the activities of the European Union, with special emphasis on the period from 2011, positively influences the level of inclusion and integration of the Roma people into mainstream societies of EU member states. Finally, this article attempts to evaluate the results of the implementation of the above-mentioned policy as well as to predict the challenges which may arise in case of continuation of activities in this area.
Neo-nationalism in the Czech Republic and Its Self-presentation on Social Networks Using the Example of Facebook
Authors: Horáková Nicole
Published: May 2020

Neo-nationalistic movements, extreme right-wing organisations, and right‑wing parties are booming not only in Europe; they can be found in nearly all western societies, and, in some countries, they form an inherent part of the political system and participate in government, playing an active role in civil society, organising demonstrations and festivals and publicly providing information about their ideas. In doing so they are gaining influence not only on the political scene, but their topics also affect the opinions and debates of the general public. Neo-nationalistic right-wing movements are common in, for example, Germany and France, and especially in the Central European countries of Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. They consider themselves to be ‘patriots’, whose aim is to ‘protect’ their own national culture and nation as such from foreign life forms and religions. This kind of ‘protection’ refers mainly to cultural, ethnic and religious issues. In my contribution, I deal with two neo-nationalistic movements in the Czech Republic and analyse how they present themselves on social media (Facebook). The main focus of my research are Internet memes, through which I want to show how the organisations fight against multiculturalism and open society. The present contribution is divided into three parts: first I provide a brief historical overview of the development of right-wing extremism in the Czech lands, the second part deals with the current situation regarding neo-nationalistic movements in the Czech Republic, and the last presents my research on Internet memes and attempts at categorising them, aiming not only to show the different types of memes but also to discover the strategies, argumentation and ideas of neonationalistic movements.
Pomoc rozwojowa w Palestynie: mylne założenia i podtrzymywanie status quo?
Authors: Górska Ewa
Published: May 2020

Development Aid in Palestine: Wrong Assumptions and Maintaining the status quo?
This article is focused on critically analyzing the main assumptions on which development aid for Palestine is based, in the context of the present political and economic situation in the Palestinian territories, especially the West Bank (which is governed by the Palestinian National Authority). Palestinian Autonomy is one of the main receivers of development aid in the world. However, development assistance has a certain structure, which is based on certain assumptions of the donors. In the case of Palestine, these include that development aid leads to real economic growth and building an independent Palestinian statehood, that it supports the peace process and the two-state solution, that it is politically neutral, and that the donors are acting in the best interests of beneficiaries. Those assumptions are challenged here.
Ci, którzy odchodzą z Omelas, a ci, którzy odwracają się od Katalonii
Authors: Grzechynka (Idzik) Agnieszka
Published: May 2020

Those Who Walk Away from Omelas and Those Who Turn Away from Catalonia. Catalan Independence Aspirations in the Context of Political Human Rights

Symbols of the independence movement − whether in the form of yellow ribbons, attached to clothes by the inhabitants of Catalonia or slogans, painted on the facades of buildings and calling for the restoration of freedom of those detained after the referendum of autumn 2017 − have become an almost integral part of Barcelona, photographed by foreign tourists with no smaller the frequency than architectural works of Antonio Gaudi. The fact that so-called “Catalan case” arouses growing interest of external observers, became possible not only thanks to the activities of the separatists themselves, who try to draw the attention of the international community, but also due to legal, ethical and moral doubts that constitute not background, but rather the first plan of Spanish-Catalan political struggles.
A distribução da transmissão audiovisual da Copa do Mundo de 2018 na perspectiva Brasileira
Authors: Tati Tatiana Zuardi Ushinohama , Marco Roxo Marco Roxo
Published: May 2020

A Copa do Mundo interrompe totalmente cotidianidade da sociedade brasileira, domina a razão e aflora fortes emoções de modo que assistir a um jogo da seleção nacional é um ato de comunicação mediada imprescindível. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar a distribuição de conteúdos oriundos da transmissão de uma partida de futebol da Copa do Mundo de 2018 realizada pelas emissoras de televisão brasileiras detentoras da licença dos direitos de transmissão do evento, seja na grade de programação dos canais televisivos ou na internet em aplicativos ou sites. Para isso, utiliza-se o método do estudo de caso múltiplos delimitado por Yin. Como resultado tem-se que as três emissoras brasileiras licenciadas distribuíram a transmissão por 14 configurações diferentes entre emissões televisivas e internet. Argumenta-se que a ideia de cadeia produtiva proposta pela instituição responsável pelo evento (fifa) visa unificar mundialmente a transmissão televisiva esportiva, mas, na prática, sofre interferência de elementos nacionais na distribuição. Por isso, tão importante quanto produzir a transmissão do evento, é distribuí-la pelo mundo, ato que compete às emissoras nacionais licenciadas pela fifa, pois elas adaptam as transmissões às variações regionais e locais nas questões políticas, técnicas e sociais.
DESPACHO CULTURAL: treze horas de espera e dois meses de fabulação
Authors: Velloso Beatriz Pimenta
Published: May 2020

A partir da vídeo-performance Despacho Cultural ­– realizada pela autora em residência na Escócia –, da antropologia simétrica de Bruno Latour, do perspectivismo de Viveiros de Castro e do conceito de acumulação primitiva revisto por Silvia Federici, este texto compara o despejo dos escoceses das Highlands às políticas de imigração da atualidade.
Cinema e Xamanismo: por um cinema que sonha
Authors: Tavares Marcela Botelho
Published: May 2020

Neste texto nos concentraremos em pensar as relações possíveis e potentes entre o cinema e, aquilo que os antropólogos denominam, xamanismo. Para tal, partiremos de algo que ambas as práticas possuem em comum: tanto o cinema, quanto o xamã sonham e, ao mesmo tempo, nos fazem sonhar.
Mário Schenberg na rede científica transnacional de Gleb Wataghin: a primeira geração de físicos brasileiros.
Authors: Coelho Alexander Brilhante
Published: May 2020

Nosso artigo propõe uma revisita às interpretações a respeito do papel da fundação da universidade brasileiras nos anos 1930, por meio da trajetória científica de Mario Schenberg. A estratégia política local de um setor da elite paulista nos anos 1930 passou pelo estabelecimento de uma nova forma de produção científica e acadêmica, que resultou na fundação da Universidade de São Paulo, e contou com uma concentração inédita de professores estrangeiros no Brasil, possibilitando a formação de uma geração de cientistas e intelectuais imersos em temas e problemas de seus campos científicos. Mario Schenberg, primeiro físico teórico strcto sensu brasileiro, pode ser considerado o primeiro resultado bem sucedido dessa estratégia de consolidação da hegemonia de um setor da elite local. Por meio da rede científica estabelecida pelo professor italiano Gleb Wataghin, a partir de São Paulo, Schenberg inicia uma trajetória científica fortemente internacionalizada, o que permitiu, por um lado, internalização disposições adaptadas ao jogo do campo científico da Física e, por outro, a acumulação, em poucos anos, um capital científico bastante expressivo para o contexto brasileiro, indicio de um novo tipo de formação científica inexistente no Brasil até então .
Estado democrático de direito ambiental: incorporação dos princípios de direito ambiental
Authors: Messias Ewerton Ricardo , Moura do Carmo Valter , Cateli Rosa André Luís
Published: May 2020

A alteração de comportamento econômico, social e ambiental propiciada pelos avanços científicos e tecnológicos a partir do desenvolvimento industrial, redundou na instalação de uma verdadeira crise ambiental. Tal crise revelou-se em problemas ambientais de ordem mundial. Diante de tais problemas ambientais mundiais surgem novos desafios à democracia, que orientam a busca de um Estado Democrático de Direito Ambiental. Este trabalho utilizou o método dedutivo, buscando, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, demonstrar a importância da incorporação substancial dos princípios de Direito Ambiental aos processos decisórios, públicos e privados, visando propiciar uma atuação ético-ambiental, quer na formulação de políticas públicas, quer na criação de normas, quer na consideração da variável ambiental nos mais variados processos de decisão pública ou privada. Em conclusão, constatam-se que os princípios ambientais não têm sido incorporados de forma satisfatória aos processos decisórios públicos e privados brasileiros, de forma a afastar, cada vez mais, o Estado brasileiro do modelo de Estado Democrático de Direito Ambiental.
Como salvar a Amazônia: por que a floresta de pé vale mais do que derrubada
Authors: Barroso Luís Roberto , Mello Patrícia Perrone Campos
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo expõe a importância da Amazônia no ecossistema global, o recuo e o avanço do desmatamento da floresta situada em território brasileiro, assim como a dinâmica da escalada dos crimes ambientais, com destaque para a extração ilegal de madeira, a grilagem de terras e o garimpo não autorizado, inclusive em reservas indígenas. O texto aponta as políticas públicas governamentais que tiveram sucesso em conter a destruição da floresta e o retrocesso que sofreram nos últimos tempos. Na parte final, são descritos os modelos de exploração da floresta adotados até aqui, com limitados resultados econômicos e sociais, e apresenta-se o modelo alternativo que vem sendo proposto, combinando a Quarta Revolução Industrial com a bioeconomia da floresta. Apresentam-se, ainda, as contribuições que os atores internacionais podem oferecer à preservação da floresta, através de financiamento (REDD+), bem como da formulação de exigências dos mercados consumidores e financiadores das atividades desenvolvidas na Amazônia Legal.
O dano existencial decorrente das práticas abusivas no meio ambiente laboral
Authors: Santana Agatha Gonçalves , Ferreira Vanessa Rocha
Published: May 2020

Artigo que tem como objetivo defender que as práticas abusivas no meio ambiente laboral, podem causar, além das formas tradicionais de danos já conhecidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, uma nova categoria jurídica de dano extrapatrimonial: o dano existencial. Trata-se de categoria autônoma, distinta do dano moral, que deve garantir ao trabalhador a proteção integral em casos de exploração laboral que viole seu direito à existência digna e frustre seus projetos de vida. Através de argumentos dedutivos de análise documental e empírico-jurisprudencial, fornece fundamentos para se defender a possibilidade do reconhecimento do dano existencial como um dano independentemente do moral, e também a possibilidade de cumulação dos pedidos sobre as diferentes espécies de danos extrapatrimoniais, mensurando-se cada bem jurídico atingido.
Medidas procesales, concursales y organizativas previstas para hacer frente al covid-19 en el ámbito de la administración de justicia española
Authors: Pérez David Vallespín , Cardona Noemí Jiménez
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de la medidas procesales, concursales y organizativas previstas en el RDL 16/2020, de 28 de abril, para hacer frente al Covid-19 en el ámbito de la Administración de Justicia española. Este estudio cualitativo, basado en la práctica jurídica y el conocimiento legal presta atención, entre otras cuestiones, a la habilitación parcial del mes de agosto, el reinicio del cómputo de los plazos procesales, la incorporación de un procedimiento especial en el ámbito del derecho de familia orientado a reequilibrar las pensiones de alimentos y el régimen de visitas o custodia compartida, diferentes aspectos concursales relacionados con la renegociación de la deuda y la segunda oportunidad, y la potenciación de las actuaciones telemáticas en el ámbito de la Administración de Justicia, así como de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. La principal contribución de esta investigación estriba en ofrecer a los abogados una visión teórico-práctica acerca de las novedades legislativas, de urgencia, con las que en los próximos meses, quizás años, deberán enfrentar el seguimiento de diferentes procesos que traen causa de la crisis sanitaria, pero también social y económica, derivada del coronavirus. Cabe concluir que muchas de estas medidas, aun siendo bienintencionadas, no tendrán fácil aplicación en la realidad actual de los Juzgados y Tribunales españoles.
Proposal for a Strategy and Staged Return to Dentistry for UK General Dental Practice
Authors: Wordley Luke , Wordley Jenny
Published: May 2020

Views from the Women of Wessex Dental Peer Review Group Meeting of 21 April 2020 summarized, on behalf of the group, by Luke and Jenny Wordley, BDS, The Borough Dental Practice in Downton ( www.theboroughdentalpractice.co.uk ).
The Maxillary Sinus: What the General Dental Team Need to Know Part 2: Removal of Teeth; Avoidance and Management of Complications
Authors: Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Darcey James C , Campbell Colin
Published: May 2020

In the second of this 4-part series we will discuss the removal of teeth closely related to the maxillary sinus, with identification and reduction of risk factors for oro-antral communication and the management of complications.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Posterior maxillary teeth can be intimately related to the maxillary sinus. The Dental Team should be able to provide oral healthcare procedures avoiding interference with the normal function of the paranasal air-space, but also need to be able to identify and manage complications when they arise.
The Recognition and Management of Patients who Overdose on Analgesics Secondary to Dental Pain
Authors: Lopez Joshua , Greenwood Mark
Published: May 2020

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Codeine are all analgesics that patients in dental pain often use in an attempt to manage their symptoms. Consequently, cases of analgesic overdose may present to dental practitioners. It is vital that clinicians are able to identify these cases and assess if transfer to an emergency department is required for assessment, investigations and any necessary treatment. Failing to do so could lead to potentially fatal consequences, and the transfer of patients to the emergency department when not warranted results in a delay in dental treatment for patients, with an added strain on emergency department resources.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It has been reported that patients are more likely to overdose unintentionally on analgesics secondary to dental pain more than for any other reason, highlighting the importance of recognizing such cases.
The Role of the General Dental Practitioner in the Management of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Hans Gurdeep K , Bhola Surina , Ahmad Zahra
Published: May 2020

Mandibular fractures are a common presentation to emergency departments in hospital. Although the majority of mandibular fractures are treated in secondary care, General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) should have the basic knowledge to be able to support fracture patients in practice, whether that is in an emergency situation, managing associated sequelae, or through post-operative recovery.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of management of trauma in a primary care setting by GDPs, including pre- and post-operative care of mandibular fractures.
Two Eyes, Two Fingers, Two Minutes: Making It Easier to Recognize and Manage Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice Part 2: Algorithms to Guide Treatment using the M-DEWS2 Tool
Authors: Morse Jerry , Bonsor Stephen J.
Published: May 2020

In the second of two papers on the recognition and management of potential medical emergencies that may occur in the dental clinic setting, the development of new algorithms to assist in making it easier for members of the dental team to recognize and treat such situations will be discussed. Used in conjunction with the M-DEWS2 scoring sheet as discussed in the first paper, these algorithms cover the eight common medical emergencies that may occur in dental practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: All members of the dental team require the appropriate skills and knowledge to manage medical emergencies should they occur.
Research roundup: May 2020
Authors: Seal Joanne , Hanks Rebecca , Seal Joanne
Published: May 2020

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Health visiting with homeless families during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dorney-Smith Sam , Williams Jane , Gladstone Catherine
Published: May 2020

This article outlines how the COVID-19 pandemic has brought into even greater focus the dire circumstances being experienced by homeless families in the UK, and how this is being witnessed on the front line by health visitors.
Parental mental health: The Perinatal Positivity project
Authors: Jayson Barbara
Published: May 2020

The Perinatal Positivity film and website is a resource for health professionals and charities working with families to raise awareness of perinatal mental health issues, and provide information for expectant and new parents
Coronavirus: a business survival guide
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: May 2020

During the COVID-19 crisis, homes are at risk of being unable to care for residents while also having obligations toward their staff. In this special feature, Adam Bernstein examines two key issues for homes and finds advice on how to mitigate the impact of coronavirus
The Court of Protection and health and welfare matters
Authors: Endean Nicholas
Published: May 2020

The Court of Protection, established under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 , exists to support those without the ability to manage their own affairs. Nicholas Endean explains its powers regarding property and financial affairs, as well as issues relating to health and welfare
How to … work effectively from home while self-isolating
Authors: Ashurst Adrian , Ramadan Francesca
Published: May 2020

Much of the workforce, including many of those involved in health and social care provision, are now working from home during the pandemic. Adrian Ashurst and Francesca Ramadan discuss steps to take to establish a healthy home working routine
Why social distancing is difficult: social touch and its effect on neurobehavioural networks
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: May 2020

Touch was something we all may have taken for granted until lockdown. Sarah Jane Palmer explores the neuroscientific research on how a lack of physical interaction can induce emotive responses and how digital connection can help during this time of separation
Body image and dementia
Authors: Britton Beth
Published: May 2020

The way people with dementia perceive themselves is an often overlooked aspect of their self-perception and experience. Beth Britton explores this complex issue and the ways in which those with dementia and their carers can manage the impact of a transformed self-image
Repair of oesophageal atresia by consultants and supervised trainees results in similar outcomes
Authors: Jones CE , Smyth R , Keys SC , Ron O , Stanton MP , Kitteringham L , Wheeler RA , Hall NJ
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Consultants and trainees require exposure to complex cases for maintaining and gaining operative experience. Oesophageal atresia (OA) repair is a neonatal surgical procedure with indicative numbers for completion of training. A conflict of interest may exist between adequate training, maintaining consultant experience and achieving good outcomes. We aimed to review outcomes of procedures performed primarily by trainees and those performed by consultants.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective case note review of all consecutive infants who underwent surgical repair of OA with distal tracheooesophageal fistula (TOF) between January 1994 and December 2014 at our institution. Only cases that underwent primary oesophageal anastomosis were included. Surgical outcomes were compared between cases that had a trainee and those that had a consultant listed as the primary operator.

Results

One hundred and twenty-two cases were included. A total of 52 procedures were performed by trainees, and 68 by consultants. Two cases were undeterminable and excluded. Infant demographics, clinical characteristics and duration of follow-up were similar between groups. All infants survived to discharge. Procedures performed by trainees and those performed by consultants as primary operators had a similar incidence of postoperative pneumothorax (trainees 4, consultants 3; p=0.46), anastomotic leak (trainees 5, consultants 3; p=0.29) and recurrent TOF (trainees 0, consultants 2; p=0.5). Overall 52% of cases had an anastomotic dilatation during follow-up, with no difference between the trainee and consultant groups (50% vs 53%; p=0.85).

Conclusions

Surgical outcomes for repair of OA/TOF are not adversely affected by trainee operating. Trainees with appropriate skills should perform supervised OA/TOF repair. These data are important for understanding the interrelationship between provision of training and surgical outcomes.
A hitherto unreported impurity in Terazosin – elucidation of the structure, synthesis and cytotoxicity
Authors: Brandes Benjamin , Hoenke Sophie , Deigner Hans-Peter , Csuk Rene
Published: May 2020

Analysis of several batches of the a1–adrenergic blocking agent terazosin being used as a medication for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension revealed the presence of a hitherto not reported impurity. The latter was isolated, and its structure was elucidated from NMR and Mass Spectrometry (MS) data and unambiguously confirmed by independent synthesis. This contamination, represented in 1-[4-(amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-pentane-1,2-dione 2 is likely to occur as the product of a side-reaction in the catalytic hydrogenation step during the synthesis of the drug. Biological screening showed this compound as not cytotoxic for several human tumor cell lines and non-malignant fibroblasts.
The Territorialization of Airspace in the East and South China Seas: Unraveling the Security Dilemma
Authors: Thornbury Scott
Published: May 2020

executive summary: This article examines the perspectives and policies of both China and the U.S. regarding airspace claims in the East and South China Seas and offers a policy prescription to address the underlying political issues driving both nations toward a collision. main argumentThe U.S. and China are moving further into a downward spiral based on misperceptions regarding each other's airspace policies in the East and South China Seas. Weary of U.S. surveillance flights close to its borders, China has responded to such activities by increasingly challenging the right to conduct such flights. The desire to push U.S. military flights farther away has prompted China to establish an East China Sea air defense identification zone and erect similar restrictions, albeit on a smaller scale, in the South China Sea. The U.S., meanwhile, has interpreted these actions as incrementally destabilizing the rules-based international order as well as posing a direct threat to its long-held freedom of navigation interests. The Treaty on Open Skies provides a model to ease the political differences between the two countries by accounting for the core concerns driving U.S. and Chinese policies. policy implications
• Far from making the country more secure, China's policy of contesting freedom of navigation outside its twelve nautical mile territorial sea demarcation invites the U.S. and other regional powers to oppose China through military operations to ensure access to the international commons around its mainland. • Absent other measures that take Beijing's perspective into account, continued U.S. freedom of navigation operations and surveillance flights in close proximity to China meant to keep air and sea space free and open will induce aggressive counterreactions that produce the opposite of the intended outcome. • A bilateral framework based on the Treaty on Open Skies model that addresses the concerns of both states, while preserving their underlying interests, would add balance to the confrontational policies adopted by both states heretofore.