bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alienation Issues and Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Society 5.0
Authors: Ibtissem Taleb
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of alienation, which is widely examined in both specialized and general studies, has seen a decline in its conceptual clarity and usage in recent times. Meanwhile, a new paradigm known as Society 5.0 has emerged, which coincides with the technological surge in artificial intelligence within developing regions. This shift prompts a re-evaluation of alienation within the context of rapidly evolving time and space dynamics. This article aims to illuminate the relevance of Hegel's theory of alienation, particularly his dialectic concerning the master-slave relationship, and explore its implications within an advanced intelligent society. This research critically engages with the theory through comprehensive philosophical analysis with the aim to uphold the autonomy of the spirit in the virtual realm, which represents a pressing issue in contemporary society.
Adaptive and Privacy-Preserving Security for Federated Learning Using Biological Immune System Principles
Authors: Olarinde Mobolaji Olusola` , Abiona Akeem Adekunle , Ajinaja Micheal Olalekan
Published: December 2024

The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyber threats pose significant challenges to the security of distributed systems handling sensitive data. Federated learning, a decentralized machine learning framework, enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, offering privacy advantages. However, ensuring the security and resilience of federated learning systems remains a pressing concern due to potential vulnerabilities, such as data poisoning and model inversion attacks. This study aims to enhance the security of federated learning systems for website threat intelligence by leveraging nature-inspired principles from biological immune systems. The objective is to design a robust and adaptive framework that addresses evolving cyber threats while preserving data privacy. A security framework was proposed, inspired by the adaptive and self-defensive mechanisms of biological immune systems. Key components include adaptive anomaly detection, dynamic threat response, and privacy-preserving mechanisms. The system architecture was validated using simulated federated learning environments, where machine learning algorithms and differential privacy techniques were employed to monitor and respond to threats in real time. The proposed system demonstrated effective detection of anomalies such as data poisoning and model inversion attacks, achieving high accuracy and low false-positive rates. The dynamic threat response mechanism mitigated potential risks by isolating compromised nodes and restoring model integrity. Privacy-preserving measures, including differential privacy and secure multi-party computation, ensured that sensitive data remained protected during the training process. The nature-inspired approach provided a robust, adaptive solution for enhancing the security of federated learning systems. By mimicking the immune system’s ability to detect and respond to threats, the proposed framework improves resilience against evolving cyber threats, making it suitable for securing sensitive applications such as website threat intelligence. This study highlights the potential of biological principles in addressing modern cybersecurity challenges while safeguarding data privacy.
Development of an Effective Curriculum for United Kingdom Language Learning Based on Local Wisdom
Authors: Rais Rinovian , Samad Pratiwi , Amir Habiyah Srianah , Nasra Arini , MS S. Sumihatu Ummah
Published: December 2024

Background. The development of an United Kingdom language learning curriculum that is relevant to the local context is a challenge in the world of education, especially in Indonesia which is rich in local culture and wisdom. United Kingdom language learning has tended to adopt global standards without paying attention to students' cultural backgrounds, making it less relevant for students in areas with strong cultures. In this context, the development of a curriculum based on local wisdom is expected to increase student engagement and the quality of United Kingdom language learning.
Purpose. This study aims to develop an effective United Kingdom curriculum by integrating elements of local wisdom, as well as evaluating the impact of the implementation of the curriculum on students' motivation and language skills.
Method. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, involving five schools in rural and urban areas. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and questionnaires given to 100 students and 10 teachers.
Results. The results of the study show that the integration of local wisdom in United Kingdom language learning increases student motivation and participation, especially in rural areas. Students in urban areas tend to need materials that combine more local and global aspects. Teachers face challenges in finding suitable teaching materials, but in general this approach is considered effective.
Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that the curriculum based on local wisdom is able to increase the relevance and effectiveness of United Kingdom language learning. However, flexibility is needed in its application so that it can be adjusted to the needs of students in various regions.
Micro and Macro Approaches in Linguistics for Method Development
Authors: Khasanah Umul
Published: December 2024

Background. Micro and macro approaches in linguistics have long been two methods used separately in language research. The micro approach focuses on the technical structure of the language, such as grammar, phonology, and syntax, while the macro approach examines how language is used in a broader social context. However, the separation of these two approaches often creates a gap in understanding the overall use of language.
Purpose. This research aims to develop a method that integrates micro and macro approaches in linguistic studies, especially in Japanese.
Method. The research method used was mixed, in which quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire from 52 native Japanese speaking respondents, and qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 participants. This study examines how Japanese speakers use language structures in various social contexts, both formal and informal.
Results. The results showed that an understanding of the technical structure of language helps speakers in formal situations, such as in the workplace, while social adaptation is necessary in more relaxed situations, such as social media. The integration between micro and macro approaches provides a more comprehensive understanding of how language is used in everyday life.
Conclusion. In conclusion, a method that combines these two approaches is essential to get a more complete picture of the dynamics of language use.
Rediscovery of Helophorus cincticollis Guillebeau (Coleoptera, Helophoridae) in Spain
Authors: Angus Robert B. , Köhler Jonas , Gerend Raoul , Angus Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2024

Helophorus cincticollis Guillebeau, 1893 is confirmed as a Spanish species as a result of recent discoveries in the province of Cadiz.
Right to Repair
Authors: Wiens Kyle , Middleton Townsend , Günel Gökçe , Carse Ashley
Published: December 2024

An interview with R2R advocate Kyle Wiens.
New records and distribution updates of Helota species from China (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Helotidae)
Authors: Gu Tian-Xuan
Published: December 2024

This article reports two new distribution records for Helotidae species: Helota feai Ritsema, 1891, as a new record for China, and Helota thoracica Ritsema, 1895, as a new record for Chongqing Municipality. It also provides color photographs of the male genitalia and key diagnostic characteristics of H. thoracica.
La pancréatite aiguë chez les patients infectés par le VIH
Authors:   Service des maladies infectieuses, Centre hospitalier Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc, El Ansari Sara , Lahrichi Houda , Ouladlahsen Ahd , Marhoum El Filali Kamal
Published: December 2024

La pancréatite aiguë est une inflammation soudaine et sévère du pancréas. Elle peut être causée par divers facteurs, tels que des calculs biliaires, l'alcoolisme, des infections virales, des médicaments ou des troubles métaboliques. Bien que la pancréatite aiguë ne soit pas fréquente chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH, plusieurs mécanismes peuvent expliquer son apparition. Le VIH peut affecter directement le pancréas ou, chez les patients immunodéprimés, favoriser des infections opportunistes (comme le cytomégalovirus) qui peuvent endommager le pancréas. Certains ARV, comme la didanosine (ddl) et la stavudine (d4T), sont connus pour leur association avec un risque accru de pancréatite aiguë. Bien qu’elle ne soit pas une complication fréquente du VIH, la pancréatite aigue peut être induite par une combinaison de facteurs liés à l'infection elle-même, aux traitements antirétroviraux, et aux comorbidités métaboliques. Une prise en charge précoce et un suivi adapté sont essentiels pour éviter des complications graves.
RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING FACADES INTEGRATING WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER
Authors: CHAI Hailong , ZENG Jingya
Published: December 2024

Industrial buildings are important production carriers in urban space, but they also have problems such as high production energy consumption, serious environmental pollution, and poor built interface, which have attracted much attention. Building environment optimization and energy structure adjustment have become the focus of industrial building research. In the context of the national carbon neutral policy, this paper studies the impact of industrial buildings on the urban environment, combines photovoltaic power generation technology, explores the integrated design strategy of CdTe generation glass and industrial building facades, and uses the southwest cement plant project in Lijiang, Yunnan as an example, a practical study was carried out, aiming to use industrial building facade resources to improve the aesthetics and functionality of the building facade at the urban interface of the park. Research shows that the strong plasticity of CdTe photovoltaic glass can not only provide necessary power energy for industrial buildings and optimize the building's energy structure, but its color and material ductility can also improve the aesthetics of industrial building facades. This article provides certain reference and reference significance for subsequent related research.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Pakistani Population Toward Hepatitis B and Associated Factors
Authors: Hifza Ishtiaq  , Alina Zafar  , Bashir ur Rehman Kant  , Saqlain Ahmed  , Ayesha Ijaz Raja  , Iftikhar Khattak
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatitis B is the liver’s infection transmitted through the HB virus. The infection can be in acute or chronic form. Objective: The study objectives were to find the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the Pakistani population regarding hepatitis B and associated risk factors. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional research study. The research study included 385 respondents with a level of confidence of 95% and less than 5 percent margin of error. Data were collected by sending Google Forms links through all social media platforms, such as WhatsApp and Facebook, which are widely used in Pakistan. The data were then transferred to SPSS Statistics version 25.0. The significance of the association was determined using p-values. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was applied to confirm the relationship of demographic factors with KAB. Result: Out of 385 participants most respondents were aged between 30 and 49 years (41.6%). Most of the participants correctly identified that Hepatitis B is caused by a virus (65.0%) and can be transmitted via blood (75.3%). Age demonstrated a significant effect, with individuals aged 50 years or older being about 1.8 higher probability to have better knowledge levels compared to those aged 18–29 years (Odds ratio: 1.8, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.2–2.7, p = 0.003). Level of education significantly influenced attitudes, with individuals having higher education demonstrating over twice the likelihood of a positive attitude compared to those with no formal education (Odds ratio (OR): 2.1, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.5 to 3.0, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Higher knowledge and positive attitudes, influenced by age, education, and urban residence, strongly correlated with improved health behaviors.
Quality of life among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Karbala Governorate
Authors: Saad Rand
Published: December 2024

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an  autoimmune disease with a variety of clinical symptoms that primarily affect women of childbearing age causing a significant patient burden.
Objectives: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with SLE and to evaluate its association with different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients.
Patients and methods: Seventy five patients with SLE who attended the rheumatology outpatient clinics of Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Teaching Hospital, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Lupus quality of life (LupusQoL) was used to assess disease-specific health related quality of life; and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was applied  to evaluate disease activity.
Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 38.12±11.70 years and were 97.3% female. All LupusQoL domains were reduced. Intimate relationship accounted for the highest QoL score with a median of 50, and IQR of 25-100, whereas fatigue represented the lowest score with a median of 25, and IQR of 6.2-50. LupusQoL was positively correlated to address, education, disease duration, occupation, and impact on job especially in physical health domain with r equal (0.277, 0.342, 0.137, 0.240, 0.314respectively). LupusQol was negatively correlated with age (r= -0.461), and with disease activity (r= -0.292), with p- values of all were >0.05. Renal and neuropsychiatric involvement of the disease did not statistically correlate with HRQOL.
Conclusion: patients with SLE had low scores of all LupusQoL domains. There was significant positive correlation between LupusQoL domains and address, education, disease duration, occupation, and impact on job and significant negative correlation with age, and disease activity.  
Key words: SLE, health related quality of life, LupusQoL
D-dimer and Long COVID19
Authors: Al-Shamma Sura
Published: December 2024

D dimer is a soluble byproduct of fibrin degradation. It’s well known for its role in exclusion of VTE and other thromboembolic disorder. Recently with the emergence of COVID 19,D- dimer  used as indicator  of disease severity and outcome in acute phases. However there are limited data regarding significance of D dimer in long term COVID 19 .This literature review tried to elaborate the significance and mechanism of prolonged D dimer in long term COVID 19 .
Orthodontic treatment effect on oral micro-biome and periodontal health:(A Review Article)
Authors: Kadhom Zainab Mousa , Almashhadany Sara , Al-Chalabi Hiba
Published: December 2024

The demand for dental treatment with multiple orthodontic appliances has recently increased for aesthetic purposes. Still, these appliances are not free from some negative influences that may affect the teeth and gingiva, especially periodontium, due to the accumulation of Plaque during the treatment period. Therefore, special recommendations must be given to orthodontic patients, and they must be encouraged to take care of oral and dental hygiene during the orthodontic treatment period. So, this review aimed to identify and summarise the different effects of the various orthodontic appliances on the periodontium and the composition of the microbial community.
Electrodiagnostic evaluation of autonomic dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Albaiaty Mays
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Autonomic dysfunction frequently affects multiple organs and systems in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), including the heart, bladder, and bowels, as well as sudomotor and sexual functions, and can have a significant negative impact on the quality of life.
Aim: to assess the effect of MS on autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions by electrodiagnostic measures and investigate the relationship of these measures with different demographic and clinical factors such as age, sex, duration of disease, type of treatment, the Expanded Disability Severity Scale (EDSS) score, and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 (COMPASS-31) score.
Methods: forty patients with a definite diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. The EDSS to assess disease severity and the COMPASS-31 questionnaire to test for degree of clinical autonomic disability, Ewing’s cardiovascular autonomic tests, and sympathetic skin response (SSR) as electrophysiologic tests for autonomic dysfunction were done.
Results: The heart rate during normal (HRNB), HR response to deep breathing (HRDB), and systolic blood pressure (BP) drop from supine to standing position were significantly different in the PwMS relative to the controls. Moreover, PwMS exhibited prolonged palmar SSR latency and reduced plantar SSR amplitude. Disease duration was negatively correlated with HRNB, HRDB, and heart rate during the Valsalva manoeuvre (HTVals). EDSS is also negatively correlated with HRNB and HRDB. Furthermore, COMPASS-31 also shows a negative correlation with HRDB. On the contrary, systolic PB drop and planter SSR amplitude were positively correlated with EDSS.
Conclusion: In MS, cardiac autonomic dysfunction affects both the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS. Alongside the cardiovascular system, the sympathetic sudomotor system is also impacted. The length and severity of the disease were correlated by parasympathetic abnormalities. No correlation was observed within the patient group between any autonomic function tests and age, sex, treatment type, or family history of MS.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, EDSS, autonomic function tests, COMPASS-31
Evaluación de los sistemas y herramientas de control interno para la prevención del fraude
Authors: Ríos-Gaibor Christian Geovanny
Published: December 2024

Fraud prevention in organizational environments requires robust internal control systems that mitigate financial risks and improve transparency and stakeholder confidence. This study reviews the effectiveness of various control tools in fraud detection and prevention, considering the specific challenges faced by SMEs in their implementation. Through a comprehensive analysis of literature indexed in Scopus between 2019 and 2024, 181 relevant papers were selected and analytical tools were applied to identify trends and gaps in the research. The results indicate that financial controls, segregation of duties and technology automation are crucial components in reducing vulnerabilities to fraud. However, the implementation of these controls faces obstacles such as lack of resources, organizational resistance and the need for constant updating to address new threats. In conclusion, internal controls, when aligned with an organizational culture of ethics and compliance, reinforce operational security and improve stakeholder confidence, being essential for organizational resilience and competitiveness.
Desafíos jurídicos en el marco del derecho marítimo y la protección de los recursos oceánicos
Authors: Mendoza-Armijos Hugo Enrique
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the legal challenges in maritime law focused on the protection of ocean resources, highlighting the difficulties in implementing international regulations in the face of increasing pressure from economic activities and environmental degradation. Through a comprehensive literature review, the authors identify critical problems such as regulatory fragmentation, illegal fishing, pollution and deep-sea mining. The regulatory framework established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a basic governance structure but faces limitations due to lack of coordination among various international entities, as well as disparity in implementation capacities between developed and developing countries. The study concludes that increased international cooperation and strengthened monitoring through advanced technology are key to improving ocean sustainability. Furthermore, it proposes the creation of coherent regulatory frameworks and the expansion of Marine Protected Areas as strategies to preserve marine ecosystems in the long term.
Avances científicos recientes en la calidad de vida de los animales en la producción avícola
Authors: Saavedra-Mera Karina Auxiliadora
Published: December 2024

The intensification of poultry production poses significant animal welfare challenges. This study aims to review recent advances in improving the quality of life of poultry in intensive production, analyzing technological innovations, adjustments in housing design, nutritional improvements and strategies to reduce stress. The methodology used included a comprehensive literature review in Scopus, evaluating studies between 2019 and 2024 that addressed quality of life in intensive poultry farming. The main findings indicate that precision monitoring with sensors and artificial intelligence enables early interventions in bird health and behavior. In addition, the design of enriched housing systems facilitates natural behaviors, which reduces stress and aggression. Advances in nutrition, such as the use of methionine and natural additives, have improved immune and bone health, while humane lighting and transport strategies decrease the impact of stress. In conclusion, these practices contribute to a more ethical and efficient poultry industry, highlighting that animal welfare is essential for long-term sustainability and profitability.
Análisis de la eficiencia de los sistemas de conversión de energía eléctrica en vehículos eléctricos
Authors: López-Freire Steve Alexander
Published: December 2024

The study explores advances in the efficiency of power conversion systems in electric vehicles (EVs), a crucial aspect to optimize their performance and range. Through a qualitative literature review, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and fast charging systems are examined, highlighting the impact of advanced materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) on energy efficiency. The findings suggest that the use of these materials reduces thermal losses and enables higher power density, benefiting the autonomy of EVs. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of thermal management and advanced control algorithms to optimize power flow and extend component lifetime. It concludes that innovations in semiconductors, together with the implementation of thermal management and control techniques, are key to increasing the viability and competitiveness of EVs in the global market. However, challenges remain, such as the high cost of materials and the need to develop an adequate charging infrastructure for mass adoption.
Éxito académico: índice de eficiencia terminal de graduados en la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
Authors: Gómez Willis Daniela Josefina
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: Analizar el índice de eficiencia terminal de graduados de las facultades y escuelas no facultativas de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala en el período 2018-2021, para generar indicadores de calidad educativa de utilidad para tomadores de decisiones de la institución. MÉTODO: La investigación empleó un análisis cuantitativo de la base de datos oficial del Departamento de Registro y Estadística de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, que incluyó tanto la matrícula de estudiantes graduados entre 2018 y 2021 como la de estudiantes inscritos en una cohorte previa. Se aplicó la fórmula de indicadores Proxy para el cálculo. RESULTADOS: En 2019, el índice de eficiencia terminal en general alcanzó una media de 58%, que descendió a 28% en 2020. En 2021, hubo una recuperación gradual hasta el 43%. La pandemia de COVID-19 impactó significativamente el índice de eficiencia terminal, con una notable disminución en la titulación durante 2020, afectando entre algunas unidades académicas a la Facultad de Agronomía (7%), Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales (10%) y Escuela de Ciencia Política (6%). CONCLUSIÓN: El área técnica mostró el índice más alto en 2019 (0.60). En el área de salud, los índices se mantuvieron más estables, alcanzando su punto más alto en 2021 (0.55), y el área social humanística logró un alto rendimiento en el 2019 (0.59). El monitoreo constante del índice de eficiencia terminal es clave para implementar estrategias de mejora en la calidad educativa.
דה־קולוניזציה אכזרית: קריאה בפנון בעקבות לורן ברלנט
Authors: קוטף הגר
Published: December 2024

הזוועה הבלתי נגמרת של המלחמה בעזה מעידה על כך שסוגיית הסילוק/חיסול (elimination), שמופעה הקיצוני ביותר הוא רצח העם, הפכה לקונקרטית יותר מאי פעם. זהו סילוק שמתבטא במילים, בפנטזיות, אך גם בתוכניות קונקרטיות של התיישבות - שהן במהותן תוכניות של כיבוש וסילוק - שעוד לפני המלחמה הימין המתנחלי פרש בגלוי ביחס לעזה ולגדה המערבית ושמלוות במידת מה את הציונות מראשיתה (הדימוי של ארץ ריקה הוא אחד המופעים הידועים של פנטזיה זו). אך מאז תחילת המלחמה, פנטזיית הסילוק ומעשה הסילוק הבליחו אל פני השטח של המיינסטרים הישראלי בצורה חסרת תקדים. הפנטזיה והמעשה הללו תופסים את עצמם במידה רבה כתגובה לפנטזיית החיסול בצד הפלסטיני ולמעשה החיסול של שבעה באוקטובר שהובן כמימוש רגעי אך מתפרץ של פנטזיה זו.

מאמר זה מבקש לחשוב את אותה פנטזיית סילוק דה-קולוניאלית, שלאחר שבעה באוקטובר נוסחה בידי קולות שונים בשמאל העולמי בצורה שיטתית יותר או פחות, כחלק מניסיון למתן לגיטימציה לפעולות חמאס. רטוריקה זו נשענה בין השאר על כתביו של פנון ועל הפרדיגמה של הקולוניאליזם ההתיישבותי. אל מול שאלת הסילוק ובניגוד ללוגיקה שבבסיסה, אני מבקשת לאתגר כאן את הקריאות הללו בפנון ואת מושג הדה-קולוניזציה הנובע מהן. בעקבות לורן ברלנט אני מציעה לקרוא את פנון כמי שראה בהתנגדות אלימה לאלימות הקולוניאלית ביטוי של אופטימיות אכזרית – תשוקה לעתיד אחר שהמבנה שלה כמעט נידון לשכפל את ההווה שממנו היא מבקשת להשתחרר. יחד עם פנון ומעבר לו המאמר בוחן מושגים שונים של דה-קולוניזציה וסולידריות על מנת לברר את תנאי ההתגברות על ההווה האסוני שבו אנחנו חיים.
קרבות דמים, קרבת דם, ביקורת קרובה
Authors: סתר שאול
Published: December 2024

אוקטובר 2023 הפך את הרחוק לקרוב: ישראל ועזה השתרגו זו בזו. מה שהורחק, שקיומו הודחק, שנדחק אל מעבר להרי החושך ומחוץ למציאות ולדמיון, חצה לפתע את הקווים, פרץ את הגדר, התנכח בפנים, בפנים הארץ ממש, הפך לקרוב באופן בלתי נמנע.

מה משמעותה של קרבה זו? מה הקשר בינה לבין עצם הקרב, הקרב הקרוב, קרבות פנים אל פנים, אכזריים וקטלנים, שניטשים כבר שמונה חודשים? האם המדיה הדיגיטלית מקרבת אלינו את המלחמה או מרחיקה אותה? ובאיזה מובן אפשר לחשוב על מלחמת ישראל-עזה כקרב בין קרובים, קרובי דם? ואיזו ביקורת מלחמה קרובה - אינטימית איתה, פנימית לה - אפשרית בה?
לווייתן, בהמות ותנינים: לקראת תיאוריה של ארגונים באי כוח
Authors: הרץ גל , אלשך יהונתן
Published: December 2024

מאמר זה מבקש להציב את מלחמת עזה לא רק כשלב נוסף בסכסוך בן יותר ממאה – לאומי, קולוניאלי – אלא כאירוע מסדר שונה המתרחש גם בגדה המערבית, בלבנון, בים האדום מול חופי תימן, בסוריה ובעיראק, ואף בבתי הדין הבינלאומיים בהאג. אין מדובר בערעור זמני של מוסדות, אלא במה שמסמן שינוי של צורת השלטון. המסגרת שמבעדה נבקש לחשוב על המשבר הרב־זירתי הזה אינה ניתוח של מאבקים בין־מדינתיים, כלומר מאבק בין לווייתנים, בלשונו של הובס, אלא ביטוי לעידן המתאפיין בעלייתם של ארגונים לא מדינתיים – התנינים או הבהמות, אם בדמות מיליציות וארגוני פרוקסי של אימפריות שברשותן משאבים כלכליים והשפעה מתנגדת ומערערת גם בתוך המדינות שהן פועלות בתוכן, אם בדמותם של תאגידים בינלאומיים שמחליפים את המוסדות המדינתיים או מרוקנים אותם מתוכן. אי־ההתאמה החריפה בין מדינות, על המוסדות ודרכי הפעולה שלהן, ובין אופיים החדש של הקונפליקטים יוצרת לא רק סכסוכים עקובים מדם שקשה לראות את סופם (כאן כמו גם באוקראינה, למשל); היא יכולה גם להסביר את היעדר האופק הפוליטי וחוסר היכולת של התארגנות פוליטית להתמודד עימם. המסגור מחדש שאנו מציעים כאן לתקופה הסוערת סביבנו הוא המעבר ממה שאפשר לכנותו ״עידן הלווייתן״, שבמרכזו המדינה היא הארגון התשתיתי האולטימטיבי של המציאות הפוליטית האנושית, לתקופה של ״תנינים״ – ריבוי אימפריות מסוגים שונים וארגוני פרוקסי, שלדות חלולות של מדינות, תאגידים, מרכזים אימפריאליים, ערי מדינה, מוסדות שלטון מרוששים ורשתות תקשורת בלתי ממסדית.
על הפיכחון: ריאליזם אסוני, או — כיצד נתמודד עם האנטי־אירוע?
Authors: קרמניצר יובל
Published: December 2024

אומרים שהמלחמה היא אירוע, אירוע מסדר שלא ידענו כמותו; שהיא קריאת השכמה ושיש להתעורר מהאשליות הפוליטיות שקדמו לה; שהיא מחייבת אותנו להתפכח; שגם אם לא הייתה רצויה, היא כעת הכרחית; שהיא נפתחה באירוע טראומטי שחורג מכל הקשר; ושיש לכלכל בה היטב את הצעדים.

יובל קרמניצר בוחן במאמרו את המושגים הללו – אירוע, אסון, פיכחון – וטוען שדווקא בקריאה להתפכח מאידיאולוגיות קודמות ולדבוק בריאליזם חישובי גלומה הסכנה של הבחירה הרציונלית לכאורה בגרוע מכול. הוא בוחן את השתררותו של ״ריאליזם אסוני״ על השיח הפוליטי בישראל, את עמדת הסובייקט שהוא מבטא ואת המבוי הסתום שאליו הוא מוביל ושואל מה נדרש מאיתנו על-מנת לתבוע את סיומה של המלחמה.
"אבא, אינך רואה שאני נשרף?"
Authors: זופנצ'יץ' אלנקה
Published: December 2024

לאחר פרוץ המלחמה התכנסנו, כמה מן הכותבות והכותבים לתיאוריה וביקורת בשנים האחרונות, ישראלים ופלסטינים, למפגשים שבהם ניסינו לשוב אל השיחה הביקורתית בעת מלחמה. באחת מן הפגישות אירחנו בזום את אלנקה זופנצ׳יץ׳, פילוסופית וחוקרת תרבות, חברת אסכולת לובליאנה, שתרגום לפרק מספרה הפרובוקטיבי מהו סקס? התפרסם בגיליון 56 של כתב העת.
בחודש דצמבר 2023, כשהברוטליות של המלחמה והחורבן שהיא ממיטה כבר היו ודאיים ונכחו בכול אך זיכרון הסכם החלפת החטופים והשבויים עוד היה טרי ונדמה היה שאפשר לשים קץ למלחמה, שוחחה איתנו זופנצ׳יץ׳ על המשברים המרצפים את זמננו – עליית הימין הפופוליסטי, משבר האקלים, מלחמת רוסיה-אוקראינה, וכעת גם מלחמת ישראל-עזה – ותיארה אותם כסדרת משברים שאינם נפתרים אלא ניגרים האחד אל השני במשבר סדרתי ללא סוף שמסייט את עולמנו. אם המשבר הסדרתי הוא סיוט, האם אפשר להתעורר ממנו? לְמה עלינו להתוודע על מנת לפרום את המבנה הפסיכו־פוליטי הכולא אותנו בתוכו? ומה תפקידו של החלום דווקא בהצבת תנאי היקיצה? זופנצ׳יץ׳ שלחה לנו את דבריה מאותה פגישה, שיופיעו במסת הפתיחה בספרה הבא, Disavowal (בהוצאת Polity), ואנו מפרסמים אותם כאן בגיליון ביקורת המלחמה.
על העצמי שבהגנה העצמית והזכות להתנגדות
Authors: זריק ראיף
Published: December 2024

המלחמה המתארכת מוסברת על ידי ממשלת ישראל כמצב מתמשך של הגנה עצמית. רעיון ההגנה העצמית, ועימו מצב החירום התמידי והצורך להגן על הגבולות, ליוו את ישראל לאורך כל שנות קיומה. אולם לאחר 1967, ועם ההתנגדות הפלסטינית לכיבוש, ההגנה העצמית שימשה את ישראל כעילה לדיכוי צורות מגוונות של התנגדות פלסטינית - אלימה ובלתי אלימה.

במסתו "על העצמי שבהגנה העצמית והזכות להתנגדות" נדרש ראיף זריק לשאלת ההגנה העצמית, ומבקש לבחון את ה"עצמי" שביסודה. על מה ישראל מגנה בשעה שהיא טוענת להגנה עצמית? מי היא ישראל שמגנה על עצמה, בשעה שהיא שוללת מהפלסטינים כל אפיק התנגדות אפשרי? איזו ישראל ותחת אילו גבולות מניחה אותה הגנה עצמית? זריק מראה כיצד פועלת ישראל בתוך ההקשר של ההתפשטות הטריטוריאלית שבו עצם קיומו של הכיבוש נדחק לאחור כך שהתנרמל לכדי מציאות שקופה, טבעית ובלתי מעורערת, בעוד שבקדמת הבמה נראית רק ההתנגדות הפלסטינית שמאלצת את ישראל להגיב. ועם זאת, הוא שואל על תנאי ההיתכנות של שיחה בין כובשים לנכבשים - גם היום, בעת מלחמה ולאחריה.
The Application Of The Stad Type Cooperative Model To Increase Student Learning Motivation In Learning Pancasila Education In Class Vi A SDN 42 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Destri Lencana  , Ronalia Viona Bunga , Teri Anita  , Harri Silaban  , Nabila Hazizah Putri , Neza Agusdianita  , Yusnia Yusnia
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of STAD type cooperative model to increase students' learning motivation in Pancasila Education learning in class VI A SD N 42 Bengkulu City. Lesson Study is a collaborative approach that allows teachers to plan, observe and reflect on learning in groups, with the aim of improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes. In this study, various aspects such as planning, implementation, and reflection were observed to identify the constraints and impact of Lesson Study on students' learning motivation. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical benefits for improving the quality of education, both for students, teachers, and schools.
Uncommon vocabulary in mathematical tasks in relation to demand of reading ability and solution frequency
Authors: Dyrvold Anneli , Bergqvist Ewa , Österholm Magnus
Published: December 2024

This study reports on the relation between commonness of the vocabulary used in mathematics tasks and aspects of students’ reading and solving of the tasks. The vocabulary in PISA tasks is analyzed according to how common the words are in a mathematical and an everyday context. The study examines correlations between different aspects of task difficulty and the presence of different types of uncommon vocabulary. The results show that the amount of words that are uncommon in both contexts are most important in relation to the reading and solving of the tasks. These words are not connected to the solution frequency of the task but to the demand of reading ability when solving the task.
Disciplined by tests
Authors: Sjöberg Gunnar , Silfver Eva , Bagger Anette
Published: December 2024

This article reports on a Swedish research project 1 on the reintroduction of national tests in mathematics for nine- to ten-year-old pupils. Data were collected over a period of three years (2010–2012) by video recording test situations in different classrooms and by conducting video-stimulated recall interviews with children. The aim is to explore and analyse the testing situation and how it creates different positions for children. We conclude that discourses of testing, caring and competition, sometimes strengthening and sometimes shadowing each other and thereby, produce knowledge in children about success and failure in mathematics, positioning children as ”winners” or ”losers”. The tests are interpreted as a technology – a form of disciplinary power that functions at the level of the body (Foucault, 1980).
Lektionsstudier i dansk læreruddannelse
Authors: Krog Skott Charlotte , Hellsten Østergaard Camilla
Published: December 2024

Reformtendenserne har generelt svært ved at slå igennem i grundskolens matematikundervisning. Der er derfor behov for metoder, der kan støtte lærerstuderende i at arbejde med tendenserne på måder, der rækker ud over retoriske inddragelser i uddannelsens sædvanlige undervisning. Ved at være baserede på praksisnære, kollektive praksisser (Murata, 2011), er lektionsstudier et eksempel på en sådan metode. Lektionsstudier understøtter et socialt syn på lærerviden, såsom begrebet ”knowing” (Hodgen, 2011). Ud fra analyser af en empirisk case, argumenterer vi for, at sådanne metoder er vigtige i læreruddannelsen, hvis studerende skal udvikle ”knowing” i og om reformorienteret matematikundervisning.
La economía circular y las economías transformadoras. Alcances y tensiones en el País Vasco
Authors: Villalba-Eguiluz Unai
Published: December 2024

Las economías transformadoras representan una heterogeneidad de enfoques y prácticas, muchas veces afines a la economía social y solidaria, que buscan emprender transiciones eco-sociales hacia otros modelos económicos alternativos. En el caso concreto de la economía circular, en la literatura existe controversia sobre su pertenencia, o no, al grupo de las economías transformadoras en función de los enfoques concretos que adopte. En este artículo contribuimos a delimitar y evaluar el alcance transformador de las diferentes propuestas (en base a criterios como el compromiso ecosocial, o el funcionamiento jerárquico/horizontal), e identificamos algunas de las tensiones que afrontan las economías transformadoras desde la práctica (como las surgidas por la interacción con instituciones públicas, el mantenimiento de viabilidad, o el escalamiento). Además, aportamos un estudio de caso desde el País Vasco, en el que contrastamos dos enfoques distintos: la visión sobre la economía circular propia de instituciones como IHOBE y Gobierno Vasco, orientada principalmente a la competitividad; y otro enfoque propio de las redes de economía social y solidaria, más bien orientado a la suficiencia. Concluimos que los enfoques orientados a la competitividad difícilmente podrían considerarse propios de las economías transformadoras; mientras que los enfoques orientados a la suficiencia sí, ya que  suelen adoptar otros conceptos alternativos de circularidad social.
Spatiotemporal proteome expression during banana fruit development and ripening: elucidation of molecular insights
Authors: Mohanty Subhankar , Suravajhala Prashanth , Surabhi Giridara Kumar
Published: December 2024

Banana is a highly perishable climacteric fruit, and its ripening process is notably fast, due to the modulation of several metabolic processes, including starch degradation, sugar accumulation, ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall modification, and others. However, most of the proteome studies on banana fruit are based on a single tissue type and are limited to either developmental or ripening stages. In contrast, the protein dynamics in the banana fruit during its development and ripening remain unclear. The function and morphology of each fruit tissue are different and ignoring the importance of tissue-specific studies obscures many specific functions. The current study focused on spatiotemporal proteome changes in banana peel and pulp tissues at several stages of fruit development and ripening. Most of the functionally categorized proteins were involved in the regulation of different biochemical and metabolic processes during banana ripening, i.e., starch and sugar metabolism, hormone regulation, cell wall modification, and transcription factors, representing the potential candidates involved in banana fruit development and ripening. We present a comprehensive banana fruit proteome data set by incorporating the expression of the proteins involved in diverse metabolic pathways, including two tissue types, and covering a range of fruit development and ripening stages. We have applied the bioinformatic algorithms to determine the interactions of identified proteins. Protein–protein interaction studies revealed that the two numbers of glycolysis pathway proteins namely, phosphoglucomutase and enolase, were found to interact more with other protein partners in the network. Our findings from this study not only provide an insight into the spatiotemporal modulations of the proteins during banana fruit development and ripening process but also open up the window for further validation of the identified key proteins to assign individual roles in fruit ripening and shelf-life, either through RNAi or genome editing tools.
Identification and validation of apoptosis-related genes in acute myocardial infarction based on integrated bioinformatics methods
Authors: Zhu Haoyan , Li Mengyao , Wu Jiahe , Yan Liqiu , Xiong Wei , Hu Xiaorong , Lu Zhibing , Li Chenze , Cai Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that causes DNA degradation and chromatin condensation. The role of apoptosis in AMI progression remains unclear.

Methods

Three AMI-related microarray datasets (GSE48060, GSE66360 and GSE97320) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and combined for further analysis. Differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on the combined dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Apoptosis-related genes (ARGs) were screened through the intersection of genes associated with apoptosis in previous studies and DEGs. The expression pattern of ARGs was studied on the basis of their raw expression data. Three machine learning algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and Random Forest (RF) were utilized to screen crucial genes in these ARGs. Immune infiltration was estimated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Corresponding online databases were used to predict miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs) and therapeutic agents of crucial genes. A nomogram clinical prediction model of the crucial genes was constructed and evaluated. The Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between apoptosis and AMI. Finally, an AMI mouse model was established, and apoptosis in the hearts of AMI mice was assessed via TUNEL staining. qRT-PCR was employed to validate these crucial genes in the hearts of AMI mice. The external dataset GSE59867 was used for further validating the crucial genes.

Results

Fifteen ARGs (GADD45A, DDIT3, FEZ1, PMAIP1, IER3, IFNGR1, CDKN1A, GNA15, IL1B, EREG, BCL10, JUN, EGR3, GADD45B, and CD14) were identified. Six crucial genes (CDKN1A, BCL10, PMAIP1, IL1B, GNA15, and CD14) were screened from ARGs by machine learning. A total of 102 miRNAs, 13 TFs and 23 therapeutic drugs were predicted targeting these crucial genes. The clinical prediction model of the crucial genes has shown good predictive capability. The Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated that apoptosis is a risk factor for AMI. Lastly, the expression of CDKN1A, CD14 and IL1B was verified in the AMI mouse model and external dataset.

Conclusions

In this study, ARGs were screened by machine learning algorithms, and verified by qRT-PCR in the AMI mouse model. Finally, we demonstrated that CDKN1A, CD14 and IL1B were the crucial genes involved in apoptosis in AMI. These genes may provide new target for the recognition and intervention of apoptosis in AMI.
Identification of Duplicates in Mulberry Germplasm Using Morphological Descriptors and SSR Markers
Authors: Thriveni M.C. , Deepa S. , Sakthivel N. , Naik V. Nishitha
Published: December 2024

Germplasm collections invariably contain duplicate accessions, both within and between genebanks. These redundancies are a burden for curators because they do not contribute to the diversity in the collection, but do require genebank budget for maintenance. Thus, both from a genetic and economic point of view, identification and elimination of redundancies should be an important genebank objective. In field gene banks, duplicate accessions are widespread and their identification is required to facilitate germplasm administration and lower the maintenance costs. The goal of this study was to identify the duplicates in mulberry germplasm that has been morphologically and agronomically evaluated. Until now the identification of duplicate accessions had to rely on comparison of morphological characters which are subject to environmental variation. However, it is possible to make routine use of molecular markers based on genomic DNA for the identification of duplicate accessions of vegetatively propagated species. In the present study, among the mulberry germplasm 312 accessions were characterized using 17 qualitative morphological descriptors and identifiied 84 suspected duplicates using multivariate cluster analysis. Further, the suspected duplicates were screened using 12 SSR markers and scored the polymorphic alleles using binary format. The data matrix was subjected to multivariate cluster analysis and 14 mulberry accessions were confirmed as true duplicates. The identification of redundant accessions enables curators to concentrate their efforts on the characterization, evaluation, and regeneration of distinct genetic material. The molecular markers aids in giving priorities for the evaluation and regeneration of unique genetic materials in field genebank.
Blended Teaching in Computer Programming: A Golden Courses Framework
Authors: Chen Jinxin , Zhang Decheng , Dong Jian
Published: December 2024

The blended teaching approach in the context of smart education environments fully embodies the teaching philosophy of student-centered and teacher-guided learning, which is an important way to enhance the quality of teaching. As one of the five types of "gold courses," the blended online-offline golden courses has a significant impact on improving students' learning abilities. This paper investigates the current issues in blended teaching of computer programming practice courses, such as insufficient integration of ideological and political education, weak operability of practical course objectives, and the lack of systematic design in blended teaching and evaluation. It proposes measures for teaching reform: in line with the "101 Plan" for cultivating top innovative talents at the national level, clarify the construction goals of computer programming practice courses; establish a teaching innovation team and construct a blended teaching reform model; develop high-level, challenging, and three-dimensional teaching resources; Use smart technologies to enhance the teaching processt; and link teachers with AI to continuously optimize teaching outcomes. Through systematic teaching reform, computer programming practice courses have significantly enhanced students' learning willingness, learning methods, project engineering practical abilities, and innovative capabilities.
Investigating the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: A Case Study on Indian Manufacturing Companies
Authors: L Suprabha , H Greeshma , A Sabira
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) in the context of Indian manufacturing firms. Using secondary data from 150 firms listed in the Nifty 500 index over six years (2014–2019), the study employs multivariate regression analysis to examine both accounting-based (ROA) and market-based (Tobin's Q) performance measures. The results reveal a significant positive association between CSR activities and CFP, highlighting that CSR initiatives enhance profitability and market valuation. Variance inflation factor and stationarity tests confirm the robustness of the models, with R-squared values indicating that independent variables explain 66–67% of the variation in financial performance. The findings underscore the strategic importance of CSR in improving economic outcomes and guiding managerial decisions. While limited to Indian manufacturing firms, the study provides a foundation for further research in cross-country and sectoral comparisons.
Aluminiumsilikatfasern (Refractory Ceramic Fibres, RCF) [MAK value documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: August 2019

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated aluminium silicate fibres considering all toxicological endpoints.

Aluminium silicate fibres cause mesotheliomas and lung tumours in rats and hamsters. In epidemiological studies, cancer risk was not associated with exposure to aluminium silicate fibres. Tumour formation in animals is a result of chronic inflammation; therefore, aluminum silicate fibres are a candidate for Carcinogen Category 4. However, the re‐evaluation showed that a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) cannot be derived and aluminium silicate fibres thus remain classified in Carcinogen Category 2.

Aluminium silicate fibres are not taken up via the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts. There are no studies of sensitization.
Zirkoniumdioxid (alveolengängige Fraktion) [MAK value documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: August 2019

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated zirconium dioxide [
1314‐23‐4
]. Zirconium dioxide is a biopersistent granular dust. Therefore, the respirable fraction of zirconium dioxide dust is classified in Carcinogen Category 4 and a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 0.3 mg/m
3
× material density is established for the respirable fraction in analogy to the other biopersistent granular dusts. Additionally, this fraction is classified in Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 8. As zirconium dioxide is not systemically distributed and accumulates only locally in the lungs, no developmental toxicity is expected to occur at the MAK value of 0.3 mg/m
3
× material density (respirable fraction). Accordingly, zirconium dioxide is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Zirconium dioxide is not a sensitizer and is not taken up via the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts.