bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive functions in patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline and at different stages after pacemaker implantation depending on the received anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Davidovich I M , Skopetskaya S A , Neapolitanskaya T E , Zharskiy S L
Published: November 2018

Aim. Comparative assessment of cognitive functions (memory, attention, cognition and neurodynamics) in patients with atrial fibrillation before and at different stages after implantation of permanent pacemaker depending on the received anticoagulant therapy. Methods. We examined 44 patients (average age 65.5 ± 2.5 years) with ischemic heart disease (IHD) complicated by persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which required implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PM). The patients were divided into 2 groups: receiving warfarin (28 patients - 63.6 %, average age 65.5 ± 1.6 years) and those who received oral anticoagulants (OAC) (16 patients - 36.4 %, average age 66.3 ± 1.4 years, p = 0.614). To assess the cognitive functions, psycho-physiological complex «Status PF» was used. Results. Before PM implantation, the patients of both groups had decreased indices of visual memory. On days 5-7 after PM implantation, each group showed its increase (p = 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). On days 30-40, patients receiving warfarin developed a dramatic decrease of visual memory compared to the previous data and they became reliably lower than in the control group (p = 0.001). In the group receiving OAC, visual memory stayed unchanged (p = 0.076). Similar changes in warfarin group occurred at the assessment of auditory memory and attention volume (p = 0.001). Cognition indices (difficult analogues) were worse at baseline in warfarin group than in the group of OAC (7.0 ± 0.5 и 9.6 ± 0.6, р1 = 0.003) and this interrelation persisted on two following examinations (9.5 ± 0.4 and 10.8 ± 0.4, р1 = 0.041; 8.5 ± 0.4 and 9.8 ± 0.4, р1 = 0.048). Before PM implantation, the patients of both groups required more time of average exposure for neurodynamics test than in the control group (р = 0.001 and р = 0.002 respectively). On days 5-7 after PM implantation, the average exposure time decreased in both groups and they had no differences between each other and with the control (р1 = 0.132, р = 0.934 and р = 0.058). At the second testing only warfarin group had increased the mentioned time, and it exceeded the same parameter in the OAC group (p = 0.007). Conclusion. A comparative assessment of cognitive functions in patients with IHD and atrial fibrillation demonstrated that in the warfarin group and the group receiving OAC patients had cognitive deficit more profound in the patients receiving warfarin. Those differences persisted at different stages after permanent PM implantation.
Interleukins 4 and 6 as factors of modulation of subpopulation composition of blood monocytes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Azarova D A , Chumakova S P , Urazova O I , Vins M V , Shipulin V M , Pryakhin A S , Novitskiy V V
Published: November 2018

Aim. To evaluate the ratio of the fractions of classical, intermediate, non-classical and transitional monocytes in correlation with the concentration of interleukins 4 and 6 in the blood of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods. 18 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (17 men and 1 woman) aged 47-66 years with circulatory insufficiency of functional class II-III according to the classification of heart failure of the New York Heart Association, were examined. The control group included 14 healthy donors matched by gender and age to patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy without any diseases of cardiovascular system and other systems in an exacerbation stage. In blood of the patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the relative content of classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), non-classical (CD14+CD16+) and transitional (CD14+CD16-) monocytes was assessed by flow cytometry and the concentration of interleukins 4 and 6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. It was shown that the number of non-classical monocytes in the blood of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy was 2 times lower than normal (5.05 % [4.08; 6.58] and 10.07 % [9.34; 13.84], respectively, p < 0.01), as well as the concentration of interleukin-4 (0.02 pg/ml [0; 0.04] and 0.15 pg/ml [0.05; 0.65], respectively, p < 0.05). The number of classical monocytes in the blood of patients had a tendency to decrease, and the proportion of intermediate monocytes and the concentration of interleukin-6, on the contrary, were slightly higher than in healthy individuals, and were interdependent (r = 0.61; p < 0.05). The relative content of transitional monocytes in the blood was comparable with that of healthy donors. Conclusions. The subpopulation composition of blood monocytes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy is characterized by a deficiency of the fraction of non-classical monocytes with protective properties against endothelium, and interleukin-4 in the blood with a certain increase in the content of interleukin-6 and the number of intermediate cells with ability to cooperate with T-lymphocytes, which predisposes to diffuse atheromatosis of small coronary arteries and diffuse hypoxic myocardial damage in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Prevention of microcirculatory disorders in rats on suprathreshold physical exertion using the products of velvet antler industry
Authors: Blazhko A A , Shakhmatov I I , Kiselev V I , Kovalev I V
Published: November 2018

Aim. To assess the microcirculatory bloodstream after suprathreshold physical load in rats with preceding intake of products of velvet antler industry, as well as to determine which microcirculatory reactions cause the adaptive effect. Methods. The study included 30 male Wistar rats. Two groups of experimental animals received the concentrate containing blood and histolysate of Siberian stag reproductive organs, 4.5 ml per day. The rats of the first experimental group were subjected to an 8-hour physical load on day 31, and rats of the second group were not subjected to the load. Indices of microcirculation obtained by laser Doppler flowmetry in experimental animals were compared to those of intact rats. Results. In animals of the first experimental group, the amplitude of respiratory waves increased in comparison with intact animals, while the remaining indices of the microcirculation system did not differ from those of the intact group. In the rats of the second experimental group, there was an increase in the flax, which indicates an increase in the modulation of the blood flow; in rats an increase in the amplitude of endothelial and vasomotor waves was revealed in comparison with intact animals against the background of constant amplitudes of respiratory and pulse waves. Conclusion. Preceding 30-day intake of a concentrate containing blood and histolysate of Siberian stag reproductive organs, in general, was found to prevent the development of disturbances of the microcirculatory bloodstream in rats after the suprathreshold physical load due to active mechanisms of blood flow regulation - increase of the amplitudes of endothelial and vasomotor waves.
Social and age-related aspects of informativeness of indirect laboratory markers of alcohol consumption
Authors: Novikov D G , Indutnyy A V , Samuseva N L
Published: November 2018

Aim. To compare the diagnostic capabilities of indirect laboratory markers of alcohol consumption - alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, depending on the social status and age group of the subjects. Methods. The activity of enzymes were assessed in the blood serum of socially adapted young subjects (18-25 years, 201 people) and adults (35-50 years, 121 people) by standard biochemical methods, and the level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin was determined by capillary electrophoresis. With the use of questionnaires, the subjects were tested for alcohol abuse. Non-parametric criteria of statistical significance were used to evaluate the difference. Results. No differences in the activity of enzymes associated with the level of alcohol consumption were found in the youth group (p = 0.911 for alanine aminotransferase, p = 0.669 for aspartate aminotransferase, p = 0.303 for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase). Activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was significantly higher in adult group of alcohol abuse (p = 0.021), but individual values of enzyme activity of some subjects from this group fit into the population reference interval. Differences in the level of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in the youth group, associated with the volume and frequency of alcohol consumption, were not revealed (p = 0.348), and all individual values were within the reference interval. In the adult group, values of this parameter were higher in high-dose alcohol drinkers (p = 0.019) but the diagnostic threshold of alcohol abuse was reached only in 2 subjects. Conclusion. Indirect laboratory markers do not have sufficient diagnostic significance for screening of alcohol abuse among socially adapted young people and adults. Informativeness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin may be sufficient if the diagnostic threshold corresponding to a definite social and age group replaces the standard population-established concentration limit.
Damaging effects of ecologically unfavorable environmental factors on the health of descendants
Authors: Dudareva Yu A , Saldan I P , Shoykhet Ya N , Kiselev V I , Gur'eva V A
Published: November 2018

Aim. To determine the possible damaging effects of ecologically unfavorable environmental factors (radiation and chemical) on the health of descendants. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 232 women of the Altai territory, who were divided into three groups: the first group included the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure, the second one - the descendants of chemical workers, the third group was the control group. As part of the expedition trip to the study areas, the collection of clinical and anamnestic data, the study of extragenital, gynecological morbidity, laboratory and functional methods of research were carried out. Results. The data were obtained confirming the most damaging effect on reproductive health in the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure. It was the first group where the high frequency of extragenital and gynecological pathology was revealed. At the same time, the reproductive function of women, closely related to functional changes in the immune system, was disordered. The results of the study of a number of parameters of the immune system revealed changes in the functioning of cellular immunity, increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor), mainly in the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure, in contrast to the descendants of workers of chemical production and control group. Conclusion. A comparative assessment of some health parameters of descendants of persons exposed to radiation and chemical factors showed that the most damaging effect on the reproductive health of descendants is caused by radiation factor.
A case of arterial thrombosis with formation of an atypical fibrin-rich thrombus
Authors: Khismatullin R R , Shakirova A Z , Peshkova A D , Khuziakhmedov A N , Khizriev S M , Litvinov R I
Published: November 2018

Aim. To describe a case of arterial thrombosis with a thrombus that had atypical composition due to profound pathological changes in the cellular and protein composition of the blood. Methods. Scanning electron microscopy of an ex vivo thrombus extracted from the common femoral artery. Results. In the absence of platelets and leukocytes there was a significant prevalence of fibrin over other blood components in all layers of the arterial thrombus. There were no morphological signs of intravital contraction (retraction) characteristic for thrombi: single erythrocytes were not exposed compressive deformation, redistribution of fibrin and platelets within the thrombus toward the periphery. Formation of the atypical arterial thrombus in the vessel with atherosclerotic vessel damage is probably due to association with severe hyperfibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion. The structure of a thrombus depends not only on its vascular location (arterial or venous), but also on the cellular and protein composition of the blood. These factors support diversification of antithrombotic therapy, considering composition and properties of thrombi irrespective of the place and hemodynamic conditions of their formation.
Key Drawbacks of Secondary Ischemic Heart Disease Prevention With Drug Therapy: the Role of Combination Fixed Dose Preparations in Solution of This Problem
Authors: Gilyarevsky S. R. , Golshmid M. V. , Kuzmina I. M.
Published: November 2018

In this article we deal with the problem of low adherence of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) to drug therapy congruent to current recommendations including patients who underwent invasive interventions aimed at myocardial revascularization. Based on analysis of literature, we undertake an attempt to answer the question: which of components of this therapy patients with IHD are the least likely to continue taking? We also discuss approaches to the search for optimal composition of a combination preparation with fixed doses of an adreno-blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Based on analysis of literature we undertook an attempt to answer a question: which of components of this therapy patients with IHD are least likely to continue taking. We also included in this article discussion of approaches to the search of optimal composition of a combination preparation containing fixed doses of a в-adrenoblocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, as well as data on the role in the treatment of patients with IHD of bisoprolol and perindopril. Fixed doses of these agents have been included into a novel combination preparation.
Update of the Diagnostic Criteria of J-Wave Syndrome: New Concepts and Their Relevance to Cardiology Practice (According to Materials of J-Wave Syndromes Expert Consensus Conference Report: Emerging Concepts and Gaps in Knowledge (2016)
Authors: Belenkov Yu. N. , Snezhitskiy V. A. , Gizatulina T. P. , Shpak N. V. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Martyanova L. U. , Ardashev A. V.
Published: November 2018

This review includes main positions of the revision of diagnostic criteria of “J-wave syndromes in the J-Wave Syndromes Expert Consensus Conference Report: Emerging Concepts and Gaps in Knowledge” (2016). The article, systematized according to the sections of the above-mentioned document, outlines the questions of terminology, new criteria for diagnosis of the Brugada syndrome (BrS) and early repolarization syndrome (ERS). The section devoted to ERS on the issues of new terminology and standardization of measurements, is supplemented with material from the Consensus Paper - The Early Repolarization Pattern (2015). The article also presents the issues of differential diagnosis in BrS, presents modulating factors, defines acquired Brugada-pattern and Brugada phenocopies. The similarities and differences between BrS and ERS are presented in a comparative aspect.
A prospective study on gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center
Authors: M. Poovathi , Devi S. Gayathri
Published: November 2018

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance identified for the first-time during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder among pregnant woman with rising incidence in recent years. Various risk factors are associated with this disorder leading to maternal and neonatal mortality. About 5% of the pregnancies are complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that one in six live birth (16.8%) are to women with some form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. Not only obesity but also overweight women have greatly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.Methods: This includes study all cases of gestational diabetes mellitus admitted in the Department of Obstetrics, Government Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital attached to K.A.P.V medical college, Trichy. This study has been conducted from January 2018 to June 2018.Fetal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers were studied. Maternal complications related to Gestational diabetes were also studied.Results: The total deliveries during this period were found to be 4085 of which 175 patients where diagnosed to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, thus the incidence accounts for 4.326%.The incidence in 20 to 25 years age group was around 67 which accounted for 37.3%. Most cases less than 20 years were found to be pregestational diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. The maternal complications like vaginal infections accounted to 11.4%, gestational hypertension accounts to 14.3%, polyhydramnios to 17.1%. Regarding the fetal complications incidence of intrauterine death at term was around 8% and neonatal complications included hyperbiliribinemia 11.4%, hypoglycaemia, 6.7%, respiratory distress syndrome 5.75%.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes was associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Review of hysterectomies in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Solanki Vandana , Singh Urmila , Mehrotra Seema , Agarwal Shuchi , Priyadarshini Apala
Published: November 2018

Background: With the advancement of newer and conservative approach in the management of many gynaecological conditions, hysterectomy still remains the chief modality of treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the various indications, clinical profile, and outcome of all the patients who underwent hysterectomy at premier teaching hospital in Northern India.Methods: This study involved all the patients who underwent hysterectomy from 1st Jan 2017 to 31st Dec 2017 in tertiary care hospital India.Results: Out of total 513 hysterectomies, 105 were obstetric and 408 were gynaecological hysterectomies. In obstetric hysterectomies 40% were due to rupture uterus, 38% were due to abnormal placentation. In gynaecological hysterectomies, 75.5 % abdominal & 24.5 % were vaginal.75.7 % were for benign conditions and 24.3% were for malignant conditions. Most common indication was AUB.Conclusions: Hysterectomy is commonly done to improve the quality of life but at the same time in obstetrics emergencies it’s a lifesaving procedure. So, its indications should be clearly evaluated, and patient should be clearly counselled about conservative options, risk and benefits of the procedure.
Maternal complications in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: an institutional study
Authors: Konnur Harsha , Modi Shilpa
Published: November 2018

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with higher rates of maternal, fetal, and infant mortality, and severe morbidity, especially in cases of severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine maternal outcomes in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out at Vaatsalya Life Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Kalaburagi, Karnataka from January 2016 to June 2018. All patients admitted with preeclampsia and eclampsia were analysed for the maternal complications.Results: A total of 100 deliveries were conducted during the study period of which 71 cases were severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Most of the patients were primi parous with mean age of 26.5 years. There were 32 cases of severe preeclampsia and 39 cases of eclampsia. The most common complication was HELLP syndrome in 6 cases (2 with ARF). There was one case of maternal mortality.Conclusions: We conclude that severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with higher rates of maternal severe morbidity and that these two factors still remain the major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality.
Awareness and knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students
Authors: M. Radhika , Sadiqunissa Sadiqunissa , Ahmed Mehfooza
Published: November 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in India. Identification and prevention of the pre-cancerous lesions helps to reduce the incidence of Carcinoma of cervix. The main aim of the study is to know the awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students.Methods: The study included 97 medical students (final year) studying in Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.Results: The results of awareness and knowledge about the HPV vaccine are interpreted in percentage. In this study, 76% of study subjects were aware that cancer cervix is preventable, 80% of the study subjects were aware about the association between the causation of cancer cervix by HPV. Majority of the study subjects about 72% ware about the vaccines for HPV but, awareness about the cost and efficacy of the vaccine was low only about 30% and 10% respectively. However, importantly students had a positive attitude to educate people regarding HPV vaccination and also to clear myths and misconceptions.Conclusions: Medical students should be educated regarding HPV infection, risk factors for causation of cervical cancer, screening methods which are available, HPV vaccines available in India and also about the efficacy and to motivate the society to have a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination by clearing the misconceptions regarding its information.
A case series on conservative management in pregnancies with abnormal placentation in obstetrics: placenta accrete, increta and percreta
Authors: Tasneem Fasiha , Shanbhag Vijayalakshmi
Published: November 2018

Adherent placenta is one of the important causes of post- partum hemorrhage. Placenta accreta-related pathologies are an increasing contributor to maternal death from hemorrhage. With the rising caesarean delivery rate the incidence of placenta accreta has significantly increased. Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta into the substance of the uterus. A multidisciplinary approach is relevant in managing these patients in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with morbidly adherent placenta. A non-surgical conservative method is to leave the placenta in situ to reabsorb and institute treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, such as methotrexate. With improvement in the medical services conservative management for adherent placenta has gained significance.
Effect of clonidine and gabapentin as oral premedication on hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation
Authors: Mishra Prabhati R. , Padhy Manmaya , Satapathy Rusikesh , Kar Monali
Published: November 2018

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation causes stimulation of symphatho-adrenal system resulting in increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The present study compared oral clonidine, gabapentin and placebo premedication in attenuating haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Methods: About 90 adult patients of ASA grade I and II patients in age group of 18-60 yrs, of either sex posted for surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups (30 patients in each group). The study drugs were given orally 90minutes before induction. Group 1 and Group 2 were pre treated with oral clonidine (0.2mg) and gabapentin (800mg) respectively and Group-3 received placebo. The HR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded before induction of anesthesia and 1, 3, 5, 10min after laryngoscopy and intubation.Results: It was found that both clonidine and gabapentin reduces HR, SBP, DBP, MAP than placebo group at lminute, 3minutes, 5minutes and 10minutes after intubation. But reduction is more with clonidine as compared to gabapentine and difference was statistically significant (P = <0.0001).Conclusions: Both oral clonidine and gabapentine attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation but effect is better with clonidine than oral gabapentine.
Study of prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of pterygium in Sub Himalayan region, India
Authors: Padha Abhishek , Koul Prateek , Sharma Swati
Published: November 2018

Background: Pterygium, derived from the Greek work ‘pteryx’, meaning wing is a growth of fibrovascular tissue on the cornea and conjunctiva in the palpebral fissure. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and Socio-demographic determinants of pterygium in Sub Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between the months of May-June 2018, in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chamba, H.P, India. Among all the patients visiting the OPD in the given duration, a total of 200 patients having Pterygium were selected for the study. Detailed history of the all the patients were taken and required examination was done. Data collected was analysed with Microsoft excel software.Results: Out of the 200 patients, 59% were males and 41% were females. 70% of the total study population were seen in the age group 41-60years. In present study a total of 130 patients (65%) were outdoor workers. Left eye (40.5%) was the eye most frequently involved eye in present study, right eye (36.5%) also both the eyes were involved in 23% of study population. Nasal pterygium was seen in 93%, temporal pterygia 5.5% and double pterygium (both nasal and temporal presentation in same eye) in 1.5% patients. Grade I pterygium was seen in 43.5% patients, grade II in 40% and grade III pterygia were found in 16.5% of the study population.Conclusions: People living in high altitude regions and who work outdoors, are subjected to increased U.V. exposure. So, they must take appropriate precautions like wearing protective glasses and caps etc.
Evaluation of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV predictive scoring as mortality predictor among individual with cholangitis
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Usman Nurhayat , Rudiman Reno , Hutagalung Muhammad Bayu Z.
Published: November 2018

Background: Evaluation of the effectiveness of care and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients is dependent on predictive scoring models that calculate measures of disease severity and mortality. Cholangitis is an infection and obstruction of the biliary system. The APACHE IV scoring system is a logistic regression model incorporating physiologic and laboratory parameters. APACHE IV is the most updated scoring system for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality prediction.Methods: A cohort study with 65 cholangitis patient that fulfilled diagnostic criteria of Tokyo guideline 2013 was included. The APACHE IV score was assessed during first day admission to ICU. APACHE IV score and predicted mortality rate was calculated and evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUROC).Results: Overall in-hospital mortality was 26.2 %. The APACHE IV score mean was 76.7 with the highest score was 133 point. AUROC of the APACHE IV score was 0.97 with the cut point of 0.87, 95% CI (0.94, 0.91) indicating good performance in this cohort.Conclusions: APACHE IV scoring system has good discrimination in the prediction of mortality models for cholangitis patients.
Ultrasound elastography evaluation of breast masses with FNAC and/or histopathological correlation
Authors: Chhadi Shyam , Chhadi Tulsi , Bagde Kamlesh
Published: November 2018

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer amongst women worldwide. Ultrasound elastography is a non-invasive method for determining tissue mechanical properties and seems to be compensating for the deficiencies of conventional USG. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound elastography in detection and characterization of various breast masses and study its role in differentiating benign and malignant breast masses with FNAC and/or histopathological correlation.Methods: A total of 126 patients with breast lesions confirmed on USG were enrolled for the study, out of which 10 were lost to follow-up and excluded. Consecutive patients presenting with palpable breast lesions were assessed with conventional B-mode USG. Those confirmed to have breast lesion were then assessed with Strain Elastography (SE). FNAC was used for histopathological confirmation of malignant lesions. The benign lesions were diagnosed by a combination of FNAC and biopsy and were followed up for 6 months.Results: There were 56 (48.3%) malignant and 60 (51.7%) benign lesions. A sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 91.7% was obtained for elasticity score when cut-off value of 3.5 was used (area under the curve- 0.924, 95% CI- 0.869 to 0.979, p-0.0001). Sensitivity of 91.1% and specificity of 88.3% was obtained for SR scores, when a cut off of 2.94 was used (area under the curve- 0.969, 95% CI- 0.943-0.995, p-0.0001). The Pearson correlation coefficient for elasticity scores and SR values was 0.936, indicating very good agreement (correlation) between the two methods.Conclusions: Ultrasound elastography is a simple and rapid method that can improve the sensitivity and specificity of USG and can decrease the rate of unnecessary biopsies.
Prevalence of female reproductive tract cancer in a teaching hospital of Rohtas District, Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Rajendra
Published: November 2018

Background: The organs of female reproductive tract are involved by various ailments up to malignancy and different types of malignancy involve these organs causing unbearable symptoms to the patient and harassment to the affected family. However, the incidence varies, and cervical carcinoma is more common in Asian countries even after use of screening tests in specialized hospitals. The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence   of malignancy of these organs among females in this location of Rohtas district of Bihar.Methods: A study of female reproductive system was done retrospectively for a period of 3 years and the suspected 1409 patients underwent operative procedures and tissues were microscopically examined of haematoxylin and eosin stained slides by conventional methods.Results: Of the 58 malignant cases of female reproductive organs, cervical carcinoma emerged as the commonest with 56.9%, followed by endometrial carcinoma (22.4%), and ovarian cancers (15.5%). The vaginal and vulval cancers were found to be the lowest with 3.4% and 1.7% cases respectively.Conclusions: The squamous cell carcinoma (67%) was the commonest malignancy of cervical cancers whereas adenocarcinoma (85%) was the most common involvement of endometrial carcinoma histologically diagnosed.
Candiduria: its characterization, antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm formation
Authors: Prakash Ved , Verma Deepika , Agarwal Sumit
Published: November 2018

Background: Candida are the fourth most common species causing urinary tract infections. The last two decades has shown rapid increase in Candida associated UTI along with change in its distribution. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, especially azole group have contributed in emergence of resistant strains of Candida. Biofilm producing property of Candida also contributes to antifungal resistance. Aims and objectives was to detect the occurrence of Candida as causative agent of UTI and a potent bio film producer. The susceptibility of Candida to antifungal drugs and their correlation with the production of bio film and presence of Foleys catheter was also determined.Methods: A total of 4192 urine specimens were analysed. Candida species isolated from urine samples were characterized using CHROM agar, sugar assimilation tests and micro morphology on corn meal agar. The antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by modified disc diffusion method on MHA with two drugs; fluconazole 25µg, and voriconazole 1µg discs. The biofilm production capability was tested according to the protocol proposed by Branchini et al.Results: Out of 113 Candida species isolated, 16.8% were Candida albicans as compared to 83.2% non albicans, with Candida tropicalis as the most common species. Antimicrobial sensitivity by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method showed 74.3 % of Candida isolates to be fluconazole sensitive while sensitivity to voriconazole was 100%. 60.2% of Candida were biofilm producers out of which 48.5 % were from urine samples of catheterized patients. Similarly, 26.4 % of fluconazole resistant strains were also biofilm producers.Conclusions: The increased incidence of Non albicans candiduria which are also biofilm producers and resistant to commonly used drug fluconazole is a matter of concern. Therefore, the species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern should be routinely performed to help the clinicians in better treating the patients with candiduria.
MDCT angiography in evaluation of pediatric hemangiomas and peripheral vascular malformations
Authors: Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Narayan Varun , Thukral Brij Bhushan
Published: November 2018

Background: To evaluate the role of MDCT angiography in peripheral hemangiomas and vascular malformations in pediatric patients.Methods: Total of 36 consecutive pediatric patients with clinically suspected peripheral hemangiomas and peripheral malformations were included in the study. MDCT angiography and doppler sonography was done for all patients. Final diagnosis was made by response to treatment and follow up. The statistical significance of various MDCT findings and post processing techniques was calculated. p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Venous malformations were the most common. The MDCTA features which were significant in diagnosing venous malformations were phleboliths (p=0.039), peak enhancement in venous or delayed phase, absence of soft tissue mass, lacy tangle of vessels on maximum intensity projection and volume rendered images. Features significant in diagnosing arteriovenous malformations were tortuous arterial feeders, peak enhancement in arterial phase (0.0001), early draining vein (p=0.0001), venous phase wash out (p=0.0001), tense tangle of vessels on maximum intensity projection and volume rendered images (p=0.0003). Phleboliths (p=0.43) and venous or delayed phase peak enhancement (p=0.69) were overlapping features in congenital hemangiomas and venous malformations. Arterial phase enhancement (p=0.10) and early draining veins (p=0.39) were overlapping features in infantile proliferating hemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations. However, presence of soft tissue mass (p=0.0001) and lack of venous phase wash out (p=0.0003) were differentiating features for hemangiomas.Conclusions: MDCT angiography can be used as a highly accurate modality to diagnose hemangiomas and vascular malformations. It has an advantage over color Doppler in depicting entire extent of deep lesions.
Bilateral sacroiliitis: a rare cause for a common presentation
Authors: Mahto Subodh Kumar , Singh Praveen Kumar , Sheoran Ankita , Jamal Afroz , Agarwal Nagina
Published: November 2018

Fever and osteoarticular involvement of axial skeleton are hallmark clinical manifestations of brucellosis but other diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis, Paget’s disease of bone, sarcoidosis should also be considered as differential diagnosis. Brucellosis is an uncommon infectious disease in India. Signs and symptoms of the disease are highly variable, with musculoskeletal complaints occurring frequently. Authors hereby reported a case of brucellosis presenting with fever, polyathralgia, bilateral sacroiliitis and enthesitis. Knowledge of geographical distribution, evidence of exposure to the cattle and a high degree of clinical suspicion of brucellosis are very important for early differentiation from other diseases to prevent lethal complications and institute early treatment and a prompt recovery.
Training of School Teachers in West Africa: Remediation of Reading Difficulties through Training in Phonological Awareness and Letter Names
Authors: Briquet-Duhaz Sophie
Published: November 2018

The training of teachers of West Africa is carried out by the Academy of Rouen (France) and organized around an annual training plan approved by the AEFE. Each trainer only supervises twenty teachers for 5 days. Teachers from eight countries (Mauritania, Cape Verde, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Guinea, C
BOOK REVIEW: Cuervo, H., & Wyn, J. (2012). Young People Making it Work: Continuity and Change in Rural Places. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press. 208 pages, ill., ISBN: 9780522860979.
Authors: Kryst Erica L
Published: November 2018

BOOK REVIEW: Cuervo, H., & Wyn, J. (2012). Young People Making it Work: Continuity and Change in Rural Places. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press. 208 pages, ill., ISBN: 9780522860979. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201401011009
Transformational Leadership and School Outcomes in Kenya: Does Emotional Intelligence Matter?
Authors: Ayiro Laban P
Published: November 2018

Increased interest in leadership preparation and development is based on the fact that school leaders can make a difference in both the effectiveness and efficiency of schooling. Symptomatic of weak management systems, more than 300 secondary schools experienced turbulence in Kenya between the months of May and August in 2011 due to mismanagement resulting in the destruction of property worth millions of shillings. Various theories and models have been constructed to explain the leadership functions and suggest different approaches to leadership. A growing body of studies has shown that emotional intelligence is inherently associated with transformational leadership whose theory has highlighted the importance of leaders' influence on followers' emotional states. This study has a specific purpose of advancing and expanding research on emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in schools in Kenya. Das erh
Governance and Coordination of the Higher Education System in Namibia: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Matengu Kenneth , Likando Gilbert , Kangumu Bennett
Published: November 2018

Considering that coordination can take many forms, and may be instituted through an array of policy instruments and tools, we take the position that coordination is both a consequence of pressures on higher education some of which are brought by market forces (globalisation) but also that state coordination of higher education can be a trigger for change. Our objective is to demonstrate this through a review of literature and legislative and policy instruments in Namibia. We complete the review with an in-depth analysis of key informant interviews on coordination in Namibia. We argue that although Namibia
Effect of Transnational Standards on U.S. Teacher Education
Authors: Murry Kevin G. , Herrera Socorro G. , Miller Stuart S. , Fanning Cristina A. , Kavimandan Shabina K. , Holmes Melissa A.
Published: November 2018

The Standards for Effective Pedagogy and Learning (CREDE, 2014) specify five transnational universals of teaching that are especially effective for the rapidly growing population of English language learners in North America. CLASSIC is an evidence-based, CREDE-aligned model of teacher education for classroom educators of English language learners. CLASSIC has utilized with more than 10,000 teachers in 100 school districts, located in eight states, in collaboration with eight different universities. This study examined the impact of the transnational standards of CLASSIC curricula on teachers
Международное сотрудничество российских университетов в контексте кластеризации и инновационного развития региональной экономики
Authors: Грошев Александр Романович , Пелихов Николай Владимирович
Published: November 2018

С развитием глобализации мирового рынка процессы капитализации интеллектуальных ресурсов приобрели качественно новое содержание. В процессе ускорения экономического развития, с ростом уровня конкуренции, постоянно требующей введения в экономический оборот все новых и новых знаний, проявилась потребность не только в осознании процессов инновационного развития, но и в поиске оптимизационных решений по развитию и активному использованию интеллектуальных ресурсов. В статье рассматриваются проблемы университетского управления, связанные с развитием процессов кластеризации региональной экономик, обсуждаются новые направления международной деятельности, требующие профессионального управленческого воздействия.
Информационное обеспечение инновационной деятельности в регионе
Authors: Захарова Екатерина Васильевна , Митякова Ольга Игоревна
Published: November 2018

В статье рассмотрены аспекты инновационного развития региона, важность информационной составляющей в активизации инновационной деятельности региона. Проанализирована статистика инноваций, и ее влияние на эффективность инновационного обследования предприятий региона. Сформированы рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию и функционированию механизма инновационной системы региона.
Оценка влияния интеллектуального ресурса на экономический рост
Authors: Головчанская Елена Эдуардовна , Стрельченя Евгений Игоревич , Петренко Елена Степановна
Published: November 2018

В статье предложен подход к анализу влияние интеллектуального ресурса на экономический рост. Для уточнения значимости интеллектуальных характеристик населения при формировании экономического роста была предложена структура интеллектуального ресурса, включающая здоровье населения, качество образования, накопленный социальный капитал, систему культурных ценностей и склонность к инновациям. По данным, включающим 29 развитых и развивающихся стран в период 2007-2013 г.г., была построена регрессия на основе функции Кобба-Дугласа, в которую был включен интегральный индекс интеллектуального ресурса – среднее геометрические оценок его структурных элементов. Было установлено, что для выбранной группы стран культурные ценности и склонность населения к инновациям оказывают большее влияние на экономический рост, чем качество образования, социальный капитал и уровень здоровья населения.
Особенности психодиагностического обследования пациентов с повреждениями головного мозга (обзор литературы)
Authors: Пичугина Ирина Михайловна , Образцова Виктория Сергеевна , Фрай Александра Владимировна
Published: November 2018

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения повреждения головного мозга различного происхождения стоят на первом месте населения планеты из-за ограничения возможностей здоровья (ОВЗ). Эффективность реабилитации зависит непосредственно от самого повреждения, сопутствующих заболеваний и свойств личности. Психологическое обследование является одним из основополагающих направлений нейрореабилитации пациентов с поражениями головного мозга различной этиологии. На разных этапах восстановления пациента роль психологического сопровождения дифференцированная: на этапе реанимации ведущая роль отводится диагностике высших психических функций (ВПФ) и психостимулотерапии, а на этапе реабилитации – диагностике и психологической адаптации эмоционально-личностных особенностей пациента. Только комплексный подход к психологической реабилитации человека с ОВЗ может дать положительный эффект. Именно поэтому возникает необходимость определения индивидуального уровня психологического реабилитационного потенциала индивида и психологического сопровождения на протяжении всего процесса реабилитации. Определив факторы, влияющие на уровень ПРП, обозначив его структуру и разработав программу психологического сопровождения в рамках индивидуальной программы реабилитации, можно провести более четкую оценку реабилитационного прогноза, улучшить его и сформировать систему дальнейших коррекционных мероприятий, которые будут направлены на возвращение человека к нормальным условиям жизни и восстановлению его статуса личности.
Обзор психологических исследований надёжности в спорте
Authors: Гребенюк Сергей Васильевич , Чекунов Антон Александрович , Кузнецов Алексей Сергеевич
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматривается понятие надёжность в спортивной психологии. Представлены результаты контент анализа материалов международных научно-практических конференций психологов физической культуры и спорта на предмет «надёжности» в том или ином аспекте. Рассматриваются факторы, повышающие и понижающие надежность спортсмена и соревновательной деятельности, а также основные определения надёжности в психологических исследованиях различных авторов.
Пищевая зависимость и психология переедания
Authors: Федина Елена Анатольевна , Тимофеева Юлия Николаевна
Published: November 2018

Пищевая зависимость, проблемы, связанные с нарушением пищевого поведения, были и продолжают оставаться актуальными на протяжении всей истории развития человечества. Поэтому многие физиологи и психологи на протяжении многих лет пытаются решить эту проблему. Современные представления о природе нарушений пищевого поведения свидетельствуют о целом ряде факторов риска: генетических, социальных, психологических, семейных и личностных. Недовольство своим телом приводит к использованию различных методов похудения, которые, без консультации со специалистом, могут быть не только неэффективны, но и вредны для здоровья.
Проблемы исследования особенностей информационного продукта
Authors: Абрамов Егор Геннадьевич , Кожевников Илья Сергеевич
Published: November 2018

Растущий объем окружающей нас информации и примеры ее ком-
мерческого и политического использования для достижения скры-
тых целей (реклама, пропаганда и т. п.) как следствие информаци-
онной экономики все чаще вызывают протесты в обществе, попытки
ограничить некоторые виды информации. И это связано в большей
части не с защитой чьих-то коммерции, а интересов и здоровья на-
селения. Однако процесс упорядочивания окружающей нас инфор-
мации затруднен отсутствием представлений о методах оценки ее
качества и состава. Целью настоящей статьи является привлечение
внимания к проблеме оценки состава и выделение свойств инфор-
мационных продуктов, имеющее значение как для отдельных ком-
мерческих интересов распространителей информации, так и для
здоровья нации на уровне государственных интересов.
Roughness Coefficient of a Highly Calcinated Penstock
Authors: ÇELEBİOĞLU Kutay
Published: November 2018

When highly calcinated water is transferred through the penstock of a hydropower plant it leaves a residue on the pipe surface. Accumulated residue over time causes a change in the roughness of the pipe surface thus friction losses in the system.  The effect is a change in head and discharge relation for the turbines. A multimethodology is proposed for determining the apparent surface roughness value (ε) by means of friction factor f and measuring arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq) and peak and valley roughness (Rz).  It is found that a surface roughness value (ε) of 0.3mm can be used for calcinated surfaces which is much higher than steel surfaces but smaller than concrete.