bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Aging Mental Health Services in Developing Economies: A Socio-Ecological Approach
Authors: Mukherjee Namrata
Published: May 2024

For older cohorts, there is decreased synergy between social determinants of health (SDoH), a sense of personal security, and knowledge about mental health conditions. The centrality of this paper is to discuss social constraints hindering the accessibility of older adults to mental health services. This paper further conceptualizes a multistakeholder socioecological model (ScEcM) with an adaptation of the social determinants of health framework and socioecological theory of human behavior. The model will aid social workers in less developed economies in tackling the stigma surrounding mental health by involving multilevel partnerships along with a focus on interpersonal constraints. This model is built by deliberating upon the role of public policies; the importance of socioecological factors such as interactions within the community and organization; and individual help-seeking behavior and other social deterrents that influence access to mental healthcare. The five stages of the model are identification, encouragement, integration, enrollment, and incentivization, which merge community-level participation with public policy and social security to counter the social elements that influence access to mental healthcare. Through a literature review, this paper introduces a fresh approach to posit a macro socioecological model that can help social workers address mental health inaccessibility in developing economies.
Efficacy of Interceptor G2, Royal Guard and PermaNet 3.0 against pyrethroid- resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Za-Kpota, Southern Benin: an experimental hut trial
Authors: Sovegnon Pierre Marie , Akoton Romaric , Stopard Isaac J. , Churcher Thomas S. , McCall Philip J. , Ranson Hilary , Foster Geraldine M. , Djogbénou Luc Salako
Published: May 2024

Background
Widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has made a major contribution to the dramatic decline in malaria cases and deaths seen across Africa in the 21st century. Unfortunately, this control strategy is threatened by the rapid spread of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in malaria vectors. Dual-active-ingredient insecticidal nets are available to mitigate the impact of pyrethroid resistance and data is needed on the efficacy of these different nets against local mosquito populations to make evidence based decisions regarding product selection in specific use settings.
Methods
Two experimental Hut Trials were performed in Za-Kpota Southern Benin in 2021 to evaluate the performance of Interceptor G2 (BASF), Royal Guard (DCT) and PermaNet 3.0, (Vestergaard) compared to untreated or standard pyrethroid ITNs, against free-flying wild Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Both unwashed nets and those that had been in use for up to 2 years were assessed. Mosquitoes collected in the hut were followed up after exposure to assess the sublethal effects of treatments on certain life-history traits.
Results
The predominant species in the study site was Anopheles. gambiae s.s. Both Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. were resistant to pyrethroids (deltamethrin susceptibility was restored by PBO pre-exposure). In experimental hut trials Royal Guard induced the highest blood-feeding inhibition (OR = 0.05; CI = 0.01–0.6; p < 0.001) relative to PermaNet 2.0. Interceptor G2 induced the highest 72 hour mortality rate (OR = 5.9; CI = 2.7–12.6; p < 0.001) compared to PermaNet 2.0. The highest risk of death in An. gambiae s.l. was observed with Interceptor G2 (HR = 6.5; CI = 5.7–7.6; p < 0.001) and PermaNet 3.0 (HR = 4.4; CI = 3.4–5.7; p < 0.001) compared to Untreated net. Lower mortality was recorded with Interceptor G2 aged compared to new Interceptor G2. Oviposition rates were low in mosquitoes collected from huts containing ITNs compared to untreated controls. No mosquitoes oviposited from huts with Royal Guad nets.
Conclusion
All of the dual active ingredient nets showed superior reductions in the survival of pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae s.s. compared to standard pyrethroid only ITNs.
Artificial Intelligence-based Cayley Menger Securex-means Clustering and Hyper Gradient Reliable Data Transmission in Wsn
Authors: Srinivasamur R , N Prameela Kumari , Tabassum Nikhath
Published: May 2024

WSN is a self-configured wireless network with no infrastructure which is made up of a huge number of dispersed sensors that are installed randomly. In a WSN, the sensor nodes connect wirelessly and are utilized for directing and observing the system and physical elements in a specified region. Wireless sensor nodes are interrelated to the base station which operates as WSN System's processing unit. The sensed data is shared by the WSN base station via the internet.WSN is utilized in the area of examination, processing, storage, and mining industries. Moreover, direct sensed data delivery to the sink node is a requirement in WSNs as far as large-scale networks are concerned. The utilization of clustering can permit the direct broadcast of information to the corresponding sink node, bringing about substantial energy reductions. In addition, the selection of a significant cluster head would also result in the saving of energy considerably. This proposed method develops an Artificial Intelligence-based CayleyMenger secure X-means cluster formation and Hyper Gradient DescentTrusted Neighbor Establishment (CMX- HGDTNE) for reliable data transmission. Secure cluster formation and chosen of cluster head performed by employing the Cayley–MengerSecure X-means Cluster Formation algorithm. Second Hyper Gradient Descent and Determinist Trusted Neighbor Establishment for reliable data transmission is applied to the clusters being formed via trusted neighbor identification within the clusters based on data traffic via Pearson Correlation between sensor nodes in the cluster. Experimental evaluation is carried out by several performance parameters, like, energy consumption, cluster formation time, PDR and packet drop rate. CMX-HGDTNE technique for secure cluster formation and reliable data transmission improves performances of PDR by 15%, and minimizes energy consumption by 40%, clustered time by 17% as than the conventional methods.
Synergistic Intramolecular Non-Covalent Interactions Enable Robust Pure-Blue TADF emitters
Authors: Qiao Juan , Meng Qing-Yu , Shao Haoyun , Wang Rui , Yao Chengyu , Wang Yi-Lei , Wen Xueliang , Xu Jingyi , Dai Yu
Published: May 2024

Stability-issues of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) require further advancements, especially in pure-blue range of CIEy<0.20, existing a dilemma between color purity and device lifetime. Though improving bond-dissociation-energy (BDE) could effectively improve material intrinsic stability, strategies to sufficiently improve BDE without negative effects on photophysical performances are still lacking. Herein, we disclose that synergistic intramolecular non-covalent interactions (Intra-NI) can achieve not only the highest C-N BDE among blue TADF materials, but enhanced molecular-rigidity, near-unity photoluminescent quantum yields and short delayed lifetime. Pure-blue TADF-OLEDs based on proof-of-concept TADF material realize high external-quantum-efficiency and record-high LT80@500 cd m-2 of 109 h with CIEy=0.16. Furthermore, deep-blue TADF-sensitized devices exhibit state-of-the-art LT80@500 cd m-2 of 81 h with CIEy=0.10. Our findings provide new insight into the critical role of Intra-NI in OLED materials and open the way to tackling vexing stability issues for developing robust pure-blue organic emitters and other functional materials.
Innovative Approaches to Clinical Diagnosis: Transfer Learning in Facial Image Classification for Celiac Disease Identification
Authors: BİLGİÇ Elif KESKİN , GÖKBAY Asst.Prof.Dr. Inci ZAİM , KAYAR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Background: Celiac disease arises from gluten consumption and shares symptoms with other conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis. Untreated celiac disease heightens the risk of autoimmune disorders, neurological issues, and certain cancers like lymphoma while also impacting skin health due to intestinal disruptions.
Objective: This study uses facial photos to distinguish individuals with celiac disease from those without. Surprisingly, there is a lack of research involving transfer learning for this purpose despite its benefits such as faster training, enhanced performance, and reduced overfitting. While numerous studies exist on endoscopic intestinal photo classification and few have explored the link between facial morphology measurements and celiac disease, none has concentrated on diagnosing celiac disease through facial photo classification. Methods: This study aimed to utilize transfer learning techniques in this gap area of study to identify discernible facial differences between patients with celiac disease and healthy individuals to enable diagnosis using transfer learning. A dataset containing 100 adult facial images of individuals with or without celiac condition was utilized.
Results: By employing transfer learning techniques, the model achieved moderate accuracy (approximately 50%) when classifying facial images of patients during testing.
Conclusion: This promising outcome indicates the potential development of a diagnostic tool for celiac disease via transfer learning in medical image analysis absent prior studies in this field.
„The Black Box" by George Stocking
Authors: Gorunović Gordana
Published: May 2024

Three years before his death on July 13, 2013, George William Stocking, widely regarded as the discipline's "greatest historian of anthropology," wrote an autobiography and memoir entitled Glimpses into My Own Black Box: An Exercise in Self-Deconstruction(2010). The book was published as part of the famous History of Anthropology (HOA) edition, which Stocking started at The University of Wisconsin Press (1983) and edited for two decades. This paper is based on the understanding of the American theoretician of autobiography, William Howarth, who posited that autobiography in literary (and scientific) writing is akin to what self-portrait is in painting. In the introductory chapter of the work, biographical data are presented that bring the character and work of George William Stocking closer to the domestic, Serbian readership (his second marriage to the sociologist Carol Bowman; their stays in Yugoslavia). This is followed by a description of the two main phases in Stocking's life and work: the formative period in his intellectual development and the mature age, known as the "Chicago years", spent in the Departments of History and Anthropology. Bearing in mind the main elements of the autobiographical strategy – character/self-portrait, technique (rhetoric and writing style), and the theme presented by the author's work-text – Stocking's book thematizes the life story, professional and scientific history (history of anthropology) from the position of both a witness and the one of the creators of written histories of the discipline and biographies of its practitioners and theorists. His writing technique is characterized by self-reflection and scientifically argued discussions on anthropological, historical and political topics and problems. Despite the significant influence his writing and edition of the HOA has had in anthropology, social sciences and humanities, the autobiographer problematizes his relationship to the two disciplines that shaped him as a scientist, highlighting his ambivalent position within them. In spite of the objective indicators of professional success, such as prestigious recognitions, awards, a secure position at the University and the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a comfortable civic life filled with trips, conferences and guest appearances at important American and British scientific research institutions, the subjective experience of "double non-belonging" or rather, liminality, is the leitmotif that colors his self-portrait and the meaning of the text as a whole. The main features of the work, such as its discursive style of narration and description, striving for objectivity and honesty (self-disclosure and „self-deconstruction“), anxiety regarding one's own place, role and importance in science, as well as, at times, a resigned or elegiac tone, especially at the end of the book, i.e. towards the end of his life, provide the basis to include Stocking's strategy in a hybrid type with elements of those two categories that Howarth calls "rhetorical" and "poetic" confession.
How British is English: Culture and Contemporary Language Learning
Authors: Ošmjanski Vera
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the extent to which it is possible to displace English as a functional communication tool from its culturally rich British contexts and associations. Starting from the analysis of the relationship between culture and language, the study discusses the ties between British culture and English in the context of its emergence as a global means of communication. In addition, the paper refers to developments in language pedagogy to outline the role of British culture in contemporary English learning. The conclusion is that reducing English to a mere culturally neutral container for information is not beneficial for educational outcomes, as outlined in the two principal reference documents for foreign language learning, the CEFR and ACTFL. A joint literacy in English and its culture will not foster undesirable individual acculturation but contribute to the development of intercultural competence among learners from diverse backgrounds who bring their own negotiations with British culture.
Romani Bildungsroman – On the Cultural Trauma of Coming-of-Age as Presented in the Novels - City of Pain and City of Sin by Meti Kamberi
Authors: Banić Grubišić Ana
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyze the articulation of cultural trauma of coming-of-age as depicted in the novels City of Pain and City of Sin by the young Romani author Meti Kamberi. The common feature of these two novels is that they both explore the traumatic childhood and coming –of-age experiences through the main protagonist’s point of view, suggesting that they either belong to the genres of autobiography and bildungsroman. Both novels are examined from the ethnic/minority bildungsroman perspective, with a particular focus on the personal experience narrative of coming-of-age of a Romani minority member in post-socialist Serbia as described in either of the two. Through illustrative examples, this paper demonstrates that the literary and artistic creations of minority populations can be a valuable ethnographic source for investigating their self-representations. The pages of these novels represent a space for articulating ethnic as well as racialized traumas, caused by both personal and transgenerational experiences of discrimination, stigmatization, and marginalization of the Romani population in this region. The thematization of life between two worlds, the dichotomy between the community of origin and the mainstream society, is a key characteristic of the Romani bildungsroman.
Why Do We Fear The Robopocalypse? Human Insecurity in The Age of Technophobia
Authors: Korać Srđan T.
Published: May 2024

The paper aims to determine where exactly fear of intelligent machines is located in the narrative layers embedded in science fiction film stories based on the intelligence explosion hypothesis. The analysis departs from the assumption that the Robopocaliptic narrative, a science fiction narrative depicting the dystopian future of human–robot relationship, is constitutive of the irrational technophobic stance widespread in the public opinion of today’s postindustrial societies. As narration plays an essential part in our daily reflective and social practices, we are naturally inclined to look for narrative structure in popular culture, particularly in film, the most popular form of visual art, and the easiest one to consume. Nine science fiction films have been selected as relevant empirical evidence: The Invisible Boy (1957), 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), Westworld(1973), Futureworld (1976), Demon Seed (1977), Blade Runner (1982), The Terminator (1984), The Matrix (1999), Ex Machina (2015). The Robopocaliptic narrative interwoven with the themes of the analysed films uncovers four recurrent ideas or messages that create robotophobia: redundancy of the human race, moral indifference of robots, robots as emotional abusers, and the loss of control over one’s own mind and body. The author proposes that these four ideas or messages mirror four layers of fear, all pointing to a meta-fear: the fear of rejection to be recognised and treated as a morally worth human being. In conclusion, the author suggests that Axel Honneth’s concept of recognition opens a plausible avenue to clarify the roots of the fear of the Robopocalypse.
Reflections on the Experience and the Effect of Nostalgia Seen through Andrei Tarkovsky's Film Nostalghia (1983)
Authors: Ilić Vladimira
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is the cultural, temporal, and spatial displacement of an individual from their native country as a trigger for nostalgia. Consequently, the material for this analysis is drawn from the artistic film Nostalghia (1983), the first work of Soviet/Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, shot outside the USSR. As this is a work with autobiographical elements, I approach it as a form of emotional expression. Focusing on the experience of nostalgia, Tarkovsky posits the thesis that it is a burdensome, melancholic, and, in its ultimate reaches, deadly experience. In an attempt to find answers to the question why nostalgia is imagined, experienced, or lived in a particular way, I am guided by the basic assumption that it is not only the ambivalent nature of nostalgia itself, but also its effect of being stuck, which makes it an unbearable burden. Being stuck is not devoid of movement, but it lacks action in terms of efficacy and effectiveness.
In interpreting the material concerning the experience of nostalgia, its temporal dimension, and its effectiveness, I will rely on the theoretical-methodological concept framework of the anthropology of emotions and migration, as well as Davis's sociology of nostalgia. This analysis indicates that the burden of this emotion, even its potential deadly outcome, lies in the nostalgic experience as a state of being stuck.
A Contribution to the Study of Violence Against Women in Politics
Authors: Čičkarić Lilijana
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses various aspects of the emerging research area, exploring concepts, theories, and data related to the study of violence against women in politics. It occurs within the political sphere but specifically targets women. It is used to reinforce traditional social and political structures by targeting women leaders who challenge patriarchy and the prevailing social expectations and norms. In many societies, such practices are marginalized, naturalized, depoliticized, and remain invisible. When female politicians are attacked for their political views alone, this is not necessarily a case of violence against women in politics. Ambiguity emerges, however, due to the fact that the means for attacking female politicians often rely on gendered scripts, focusing on women’s bodies and their traditional social roles, primarily as mothers and wives, to deny or undercut women’s competence in the political sphere. Symbolic and semiotic violence in politics can be effective in sustaining women’s oppression because it is subtle, euphemized, and invisible. Even if women recognize these acts as exercises of power, they still do not name it violence, even in societies with greater levels of gender equality. The concept of semiotic violence refers to the use of language, images and symbols as a means to marginalize and disqualify women as political actors. Often normalized, these dynamics serve to maintain gender hierarchies, undermining democracy and eroding the possibilities for women’s political empowerment. In response to the question of how to solve the problem of violence against women in politics, researchers offer a solution in the form of a comprehensive approach to addressing this sort of violence.
Results of the AABP Salary Survey
Authors: Wagner Sarah , McCord Amber
Published: May 2024

There has not previously been information available about the incomes of bovine-focused veterinarians in the United States and Canda across career stages, locations and types of employment. A survey was distributed to bovine veterinarians in late 2022 to obtain information about their employment types, incomes, demographics and satisfaction. Across career stages and employment types, men earn more income than women in bovine-focused veterinary medicine. Job satisfaction increases with higher income and decreases in private practice with more hours worked
Beef on dairy cattle – industry benefits and opportunities
Authors: Hardcastle Nick
Published: May 2024

Growth of the beef on dairy crossbred cattle population has continually increased over the past few years in the U.S. beef industry. In general, this has been a positive shift replacing the traditional purebred dairy-fed steer model. The benefits of this crossbreeding should be balanced against issues that exist in this population. Understanding the positive and negative attri­butes of these cattle will help lead to long term success of those wishing to participate in this production strategy.
The evolution of the FARM Animal Care program: Trends, priority issues and opportunities for veterinarians
Authors: Roche Steven
Published: May 2024

The FARM Program’s goal is to assist U.S. dairy farmers, par­ticipating cooperatives and processors in providing assurance to dairy buyers that U.S. dairy farmers care for their animals, workforce and land in a humane and ethical manner. Over 17,000 second-party evaluations and 480 third-party verifica­tions have been conducted on U.S. dairy farms under Version 4 of the animal care program. Though the majority of farms meet FARM standards, lack of a VCPR and herd health plan signed by the veterinarian in the past 12 months, missing/incomplete continuing education records for employees, not meeting the benchmark for broken tails, lack of pain control for disbud­ding, and incomplete drug treatment records are the most com­mon corrective actions. Overall, a high percentage of herds have met animal observation benchmarks (99% knee lesions, 98% body condition, 97% locomotion, 95% hock lesions, 91% hygiene, and 85% broken tails). Veterinarians are positioned as a critical resource in this program; they are not only needed to comply with program standards and when out of compliance, have a specific opportunity to consult, advise, guide and sup­port clients regarding the health and welfare of their herd.
Changing industries and shifting gears
Authors: Telgen Carie
Published: May 2024

Changing from being a self-employed private practice vet­erinarian to working as a consultant for a large corporation requires self-awareness in what you like, dislike, excel at and require more training for. Audits on different facets of a dairy provide individuals the opportunity to use their brain more than their bodies; however, implementing consulting into a practice model is going to differ based on the clientele, the vet­erinarian and the interests of that veterinarian. Total mixed ration (TMR), parlor, heat, calf and data audits are all ways in which veterinarians can become more involved in a consult­ing role on the dairy and a valued team member. There are advantages and disadvantages to working in industry and an individual must weigh those options to decide what works best for them. In the end, the dairy industry and the veterinary pro­fession are changing, and we must evolve with the needs of the clients and customers we serve if we are going to continue to be a valued member of the team.
The evolution of sensor-based technologies in dairy production
Authors: LaBlanc Stephen
Published: May 2024

Sensor-based management is growing rapidly in dairy farming. Activity, behavior and rumination monitors and data from au­tomated milking systems and calf feeders are established man­agement tools and hold promise for earlier or more efficient de­tection of health problems. However, gaps remain in validation and especially in turning streams of data into actionable infor­mation. On average, dairy herds can achieve comparable re­productive performance with management emphasizing estrus detection by activity monitors or timed insemination programs, but herd-specific variables will affect relative performance. Sensor-based screening of fresh cows may be useful to save la­bor or reduce disruptions to cows’ routines, but more validation is needed before this can augment or offset skilled, rational de­tection of health problems.
Building consulting into dairy practice
Authors: Ceglowski Bob
Published: May 2024

The opportunity exists for bovine veterinarians to continue to be relevant to the producers they serve, even as the scale of the operations and the needs of the producers change.
Practical pain mitigation for castration – effective and efficient relief
Authors: Tyrrel Maddison
Published: May 2024

Pain management for cattle during veterinary procedures is be­coming a strong topic within our industry. In this presentation we will be discussing pain relief pre- and post-castration. Some of the highlights include local nerve blocks, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, and how to communicate with producers about implementing it within a production system.
Bovine superovulation and embryo transfer – how to make babies!
Authors: Anderson Joel
Published: May 2024

Bovine embryo transfer technology is the pursuit of managing genetics for a more preferred calving outcome. This technology has allowed for great genetic advancements by increasing selec­tion pressure or decreasing generation interval. Embryos can be derived by 2 methods. In-vivo embryo collection allows the donor dam to grow and develop the embryo. In-vitro produced embryos require fertilization and development of the embryo in a lab setting. This is a discussion of the concepts of embryo production and transfer. These methods have not changed drastically over the years; however, their application continues to evolve. Embryo transfer provides the opportunity to make more of the desired bovine babies.
Cultural competencies in the workplace – how to recruit and retain a diverse workforce
Authors: Cottman Maurice
Published: May 2024

There are differences that exist between communities within the workforce. How can we create a link to bind them, while unifying and fostering greater inclusion? Treating employees holistically enables people to feel welcomed, appreciated, and valued. The culture of a company is a by-product of the commu­nity that is established beforehand. If the culture is positive and adaptable, then it will equate to better recruitment and reten­tion. This paper will discuss the aspects of culture, how ethnic­ity weaves people together, and the varying levels to retention.
HR bootcamp – building your dream team
Authors: Staten Christine
Published: May 2024

Close your eyes and imagine your dream team. What does it look like? How does it function? Now recognize that that can be your reality. This presentation will go over what you need in place before assembling your dream team. We will discuss how to attract the right people and identify the team members you really want (and those you don’t) in the interview process. Effec­tive onboarding and orientation are critical for establishing your new hire as a successful team member. And then, once you get them in the place, you need to be proactive about retention.
A toolbox for transitioning from student to veterinarian: Setting yourself up for success and reframing failure in your first year of practice
Authors: Locitzer Dayna
Published: May 2024

The transition from veterinary student to private practice vet­erinarian is difficult. As a practitioner, one must put into action what was learned in veterinary school. Being a mixed large ani­mal veterinarian poses additional challenges due to the ambu­latory nature of the job. Clinical skills are important to master, and they will develop over time; but it is important to also con­sider intangible skills, such as cultivating fingertip facts, un­derstanding appropriate applications of chemical and physical restraint, honing one’s planning abilities, communicating with clients, maintaining relationships with mentors, and refram­ing failure. This presentation will highlight the experience of Dr. Dayna Locitzer as a recent graduate in mixed large animal practice and illustrate how she used these intangible skills to help with the transition from student to practitioner.
Physical and mental preparedness for large animal practice
Authors: Zur Linden Emily
Published: May 2024

Veterinary medicine, specifically large animal practice, is a highly physical job with inherent physical danger. Being in good physical shape and cultivating good fitness habits can de­crease our risk of injury. Physical fitness will affect our perfor­mance. For example, measurements of grip strength have been shown to be indicative of accuracy in transrectal bovine palpa­tion pregnancy diagnosis at the student level. This session also covers acute and chronic stress and tools we can use to com­plete stress cycles.
Creating a productive relationship with smallscale farmers
Authors: Buckley Michelle
Published: May 2024

The American public has experienced a renewed interest in where their food comes from in recent years. This has led to a resurgence in small-scale farming – especially in the face of the Covid pandemic – which presents several unique challenges to veterinarians, including client knowledge of animal husbandry and financial limitations. There may also be a disconnect be­tween veterinarians, who have high standards for animal hus­bandry and welfare, and producers, who may be unaware of those standards or view them (and the attached bills) as exces­sive or unwarranted. The following are some insights from my time as a solo, mixed animal practitioner in southern Califor­nia’s Inland Empire where 99% of my livestock clientele were farms with less than 20 animals. Not every suggestion will work in every situation and some practitioners may find this com­pletely useless. All I can do is share the knowledge that allowed me 4 very happy and productive years as a veterinarian to the hobby farmers and homesteaders of southern California.
A Beginner’s Guide to LAP AI
Authors: Scully Clare
Published: May 2024

Goats and sheep are extremely fertile animals! The ewe and doe have very high reproductive potential. However, it must be remembered that “sex is a luxury” metabolically speaking. The ewe or doe must be healthy and on a good plane of nutrition be­fore maximum fertility is attained.
Small ruminant quality assurance (SRQA) – considerations and practices
Authors: Pesato Michael
Published: May 2024

There are multiple quality assurance programs in existence for livestock industries in the United States. This includes the Beef Quality Assurance program and Pork Quality Assurance Program. Although technically a Sheep Safety and Quality As­surance program does exist through the American Sheep In­dustry Association, it is not as nationally known or recognized compared to programs featuring major food animal species. No formal quality assurance programs exist for goats in the United States. This proceeding will discuss aspects of small ruminant (sheep and goat) management, preventive medicine and medi­cal treatment that influences quality assurance..
Determination for the need for analgesics in day old calves following caustic paste disbudding
Authors: Gorden P.J. , Millman S. , Hayman K. , Sacquitne C.
Published: May 2024

Caustic paste disbudding is practiced on 16.3% of U.S. opera­tions and 32.5% of calves, with a greater percentage usage as­sociated with larger farms. Only 5.6% of operations provide an­algesics/anesthetics for caustic paste disbudding heifers (USDA NAHMS, 2018). One standard operating procedure for caustic paste disbudding advises applying paste before calves are 2 days of age, and immediately after feeding to avoid scratching/ rubbing behavior. The author of one such protocol is adamant that no anesthetics or analgesics are needed with this protocol (Villarroel, 2011). There is increasing scientific evidence of pain experienced when caustic paste is used and supporting multi­modal analgesic protocols in association with this procedure. However, this data was not accumulated on calves < 24 h of age at disbudding. The objective of this study is to examine effects of a multimodal analgesia protocol on nociceptive thresholds, behavior, and physiologic responses when caustic paste is ap­plied to calves < 24 h of age. The following specific objectives were investigated.
Characterizing the influence of various antimicrobials used for metaphylaxis against bovine respiratory disease on host transcriptome responses
Authors: Bigelow R. , Richeson J. , McClurg M. , Morley P. , Valeris-Chacin R. , Scott M.
Published: May 2024

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex resulting from interactions among host immunologi­cal response, environmental conditions and polymicrobial components. Metaphylaxis, or the mass administration of an antimicrobial upon arrival to a stocker or feedlot facility, is the primary method of control for BRD. Our objective was to deter­mine the influence of 6 different antimicrobials used metaphy­lactically on the whole blood host transcriptome in healthy steers upon and following arrival to the feedlot.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in postweaning calves with different prevention strategies and the impact on performance and health status
Authors: Ferreira M. , Santos B. , Cauchy C. , Heaton K. , Parrish L. , Prentice D. , McConnel C. , Leal Yepes F.
Published: May 2024

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in bovine calves, especially around the weaning period, when the calves are usually moved from individual to group housing. BRD has negative perfor­mance and economic consequences that extend well beyond the actual event. Therefore, we aimed to compare BRD morbid­ity, mortality and growth in dairy and dairy beef cross-bred calves during the first commingle groups using 2 different BRD prevention strategies. We hypothesized that one or both pre­vention strategies would reduce BRD morbidity and mortality, resulting in better health status and performance in calves.
Transcriptome assessment of healthy highrisk stocker cattle defines mechanisms of inflammatory regulation induced by tulathromycin metaphylaxis
Authors: Ramirez B. , Crosby W. , Woolums A. , Karisch B. , Scott M.
Published: May 2024

Tulathromycin is commonly used as metaphylaxis to reduce bovine respiratory disease (BRD) risk. Current secondary phar­macodynamics characteristics of tulathromycin on the host are poorly understood. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) techniques were used to measure gene expression in healthy cattle admin­istered tulathromycin to elucidate the genomic mechanisms over time.
Effects of bovine casein hydrolysate as a dry cow therapy on prevention and cure of bovine intramammary infection,
Authors: Iscovich J.
Published: May 2024

The objectives were to investigate the efficacy of bovine casein hydrolysate (bCNH) as a dry cow therapy on: 1) preventing new intramammary infection (IMI) postpartum of all bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS); 2) curing existing subclinical infections, mainly of CNS; and 3) affecting on milk yield, composition and somatic cell count (SCC) during the post-calving lactation.
The effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on behavior and physiological parameters of beef cows and calves assisted at calving
Authors: Lucio Rodriguez C. , Windeyer M. , Pajor E. , Larson K. , Pearson J.
Published: May 2024

An assisted calving can negatively impact the health and behav­ior of beef cows and calves. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administered after a difficult calving to the cow or the calf as a pain mitigation strategy have been shown to im­prove behaviors in dairy cows and calves, weight gain in beef and dairy calves, and vigor in dairy calves. However, the effects of NSAIDs on beef cows’ and calves’ behaviors related with pain and cow-calf bonding after an assisted calving have not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administering an NSAID to beef cattle after an as­sisted calving by measuring changes in behaviors related with pain and the cow-calf bond, transfer of passive immunity in calves, and physiological parameters related with pain.
Epidemiological factors associated with gross diagnosis of lung pathologies in feedlot mortalities
Authors: Bortoluzzi E. , White B. , Schmidt P. , Mancke M. , Bortoluzzi R. , Jensen M. , Lancaster P. , Larson R.
Published: May 2024

Bronchopneumonia (BP) and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) are commonly identified lung pathologies in feedlot cattle at treatment or death. Bronchopneumonia with an interstitial pneumonia (BIP) was recently described as an emerging lung pathology. Due to recent introduction of BIP diagnosis, little is known about epidemiological factors associated with this pa­thology and if it differs from AIP and BP. This study aimed to identify epidemiological factors associated with BIP, AIP and BP at necropsy.
Antimicrobial resistance and mastitis classification of pathogens in small ruminant mastitis
Authors: Choo K. , Byrne B. , Chigerwe M. , Smith F.
Published: May 2024

Mastitis is an important disease of small ruminants (SR) that results in substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses from treatment or loss of product. There is currently little in­formation on SR mastitis pathogens or antimicrobial sensitivity in U.S. populations. This study 1) identifies breed, age, produc­tion use and stage of lactation of SR diagnosed with mastitis at a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH); 2) characterizes bacterial species and antimicrobial sensitivity in SR mastitis; and 3) clas­sifies SR mastitis into peracute, acute, subclinical and chronic, and correlates with bacterial isolates.
Milk residue depletion of two dry-cow intramammary antimicrobials in dairy goats
Authors: Buckley M. , Gorden P.
Published: May 2024

There are currently no intramammary antimicrobial products labeled for use in goats in the United States. However, both clin­ical and subclinical mastitis impart heavy production losses to this growing sector of American agriculture annually. Subclini­cal mastitis can be particularly insidious by causing unreal­ized production losses and dry off is an ideal time to detect and manage cases using long-acting intramammary antimicrobial therapy. The goal of this study was to determine milk residue depletion times for 2 such antimicrobials in dairy goats in the immediate post-fresh period.
Epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Sokolov P. L. , Krapivkin A. I.
Published: May 2024

Progress in the treatment of epilepsy in recent years has been determined mainly by the development and use of new anticonvulsants, as well as the search for new alternative methods for reducing epileptic seizures. The issue of pharmacoresistance remains relevant. This paper presents an analysis of information about neuroinflammation as a pathophysiological phenomenon, its possible role in epileptogenesis and the prospects for influencing the pathological process in epilepsy by influencing its elements. General data on epileptogenesis, the role of neuroinflammation in its formation and maintenance, the main cellular and humoral effectors of the neuroinflammatory process and the prospects for the development of new therapeutic approaches are presented.
Population prevalence of hypospadias according to monitoring of congenital malformations in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Demikova N. S. , Podolnaya M. A.
Published: May 2024

Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation, and its incidence varies widely between countries and geographic regions, making it necessary to obtain proprietary frequency estimates. In addition, a number of studies have noted a trend toward increased hypospadias.Purpose. The study aims at assessing the incidence and dynamics of hypospadias in the regions of the Russian Federation for the period 2011–2021.Material and methods. The study included 22 regions of the Russian Federation. The study sample included cases of hypospadias among live births, stillbirths, and fetuses. The number of cases of hypospadias is 7071, the total number of births during the study period is 4,677,892. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used to process the research materials. Poisson regression was used to assess the incidence and risk factors for hypospadias.Results. The overall incidence of hypospadias in all regions was 15.12 cases per 10,000 births. The incidence of all cases of hypospadias by region ranged from 2.12 to 34.76 per 10,000 births. There were no significant trends in changes in the frequency of the defect during the study period. Among all cases of hypospadias, the majority is represented by hypospadias of the glans penis (Q54.0) — 5666 cases or 80.13%. In 99.41% of cases, hypospadias occurred in live-born children. The incidence of hypospadias in children increased with maternal age (over 35 years).Discussion. For the first time, estimates of the incidence of hypospadias have been obtained based on monitoring data for congenital malformations. Since hypospadias is a common defect, it can be assumed that in regions of the Russian Federation with low frequencies of hypospadias, the defect is most likely underreported. The incidence of the defect has remained stable over time, although many studies have found an increase in the incidence of hypospadias. Continued research is needed to clarify the epidemiological characteristics of hypospadias.
Results of treatment of patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: is it justified to follow clinical recommendations?
Authors: Dolgopolov I. S. , Mnatsakanian A. M. , Ivanova A. V. , Volianskaya A. D. , Nakhodnova E. A. , Rykov M. YuU. , Zaitseva A. V.
Published: May 2024

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired immune-mediated disease characterized by isolated transient or persistent thrombocytopenia < 100·109/L. The incidence of immune thrombocytopenia is 4–6,4 per 105 children/year.Purpose. To analyze the results of treatment newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia according to the clinical guidelines (ID699) published on the website of the Ministry of Health of Russia.Material and methods. The analysis included 13 patients (F–46%, M–54%, median age — 9.5 (4–17) years) with immune thrombocytopenia admitted to the Tver Regional children hospital in 2023. A history of infection preceding the immune thrombocytopenia was in 69% of cases and measles vaccination in 8%. The median period from the onset of infection was 11 (5–15) days. Degree of bleeding was — 1 gr. — 4 (31%), 2 gr. — 3 (23%), 3 gr. — 6 (46%). Hematuria was observed in 3 (23%), menorrhagia in 1 (8%) case. The mean platelet count at the time of admission was 9,0 (1.0–86) · 109/l.Results. The incidence was 5.7 per 105 children/year. Dexamethasone 20 mg/m2, days 1–3, was used in 54% of cases; IVIG 1000 mg/kg, day 1 in 15%, prednisolone 2 mg/kg, day 21 in 8% and in 23% of cases dynamic follow-up was performed. In 2 cases (17%), discontinuation of steroid therapy and switching to IVIG was required due to a hemorrhagic syndrome deterioration or/and complication of steroid therapy. Partial and complete responses were achieved in 8 (62%) and 4 (31%) cases respectively. In 1 (8%) case, the response could not be evaluated. The summary efficacy of first-line therapy was 92%.Conclusion. The clinical guidelines ID699 was highly effective in achieving a primary response and preventing recurrence of immune thrombocytopenia in children.
Microcirculation indicators in children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Aseeva E. V. , Geppe N. A. , Sidorov V. V. , Grebeneva I. V. , Gatsaeva A. Sh. , Fedeneva L. A.
Published: May 2024

In pediatric practice, non-invasive methods are relevant that allow one to study the state of blood microflow. One such method is laser Doppler flowmetry.Purpose. To evaluate the state of blood microcirculation in children with bronchial asthma by laser Doppler flowmetry during periods of exacerbation and remission of the disease.Material and methods. 40 healthy children aged 9–17 years (13.7 ± 1.8) were examined, which made up the control group. The main group of the examined were children with moderate and severe bronchial asthma (n=60) during the period of exacerbation (n=29) and remission (n=31) of similar age. To diagnose the general condition, the microcirculation of blood used a system of portable blood microcirculation LAZMA PF. From the LAZMA PF analyzers, a distributed system consisting of four devices was organized: two analyzers for simultaneous research on the 3rd finger of the hands and on the 1st toes. The record of indicators from 4 analyzers was carried out simultaneously in the position of the subject sitting for 10 minutes.Results. When studying the indicator of the microcirculatory-tissue system in children with bronchial asthma of moderate and severe severity who are in remission, we did not reveal significant differences from the indicators in healthy children. When assessing active regulation mechanisms affecting the state of microcirculation, a reliable decrease in the amplitudes of vibrations of endothelial regulation in patients with bronchial asthma compared to healthy children (p<0.05) was revealed. When comparing passive oscillations of blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma, a significant decrease in the amplitudes of oscillations in the cardiac range was revealed in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Scope of results: medicine, pediatrics, therapy, pulmonology, allergology.Conclusion. The laser Doppler flowmetry can be used as an additional criterion for the diagnosis and control of the therapy of bronchial asthma in children.