bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptación de textos literarios a literatura dibujada. El historietista como traductor
Authors: Álvarez Peña Laura Valentina
Published: July 2021

Un análisis de la labor del historietista en las adaptaciones de textos literarios (cuentos, novelas, fábulas, etc.) al lenguaje del cómic muestra que no es un simple ejercicio de interpretación o de representación. La comprensión de ambos sistemas semióticos, uno textual verbal y otro narrativo visual, plantea la metáfora de la traducción entre lenguajes y posiciona al dibujante de historietas como un traductor. A lo que infiere una propuesta de estudio sobre el lenguaje y qué aspectos implican la traducción intersemiótica dentro de las adaptaciones.
American Comics and Italian Cultural Identity in 1968: Translation Challenges in a Syncretic Text
Authors: Spinelli Laura Chiara
Published: July 2021

Translation supports the construction of a national identity through the selection of foreign texts to be transferred to the target language. Within this framework, the effort made in the 1960s by Italian editors and translators in giving new dignity to comics proves emblematic. This paper aims to reconstruct the reception of American comic strips in Italy going through the issues of Linus published in 1967 and 1968: the selected cartoonists (e.g. Al Capp, Jules Feiffer, and Walt Kelly) participate in the cultural debate of the time discussing politics, war, and civil rights. The analysis of the translation strategies adopted will reveal the difficulty of reproducing the polysemy of metaphors, idioms and puns, trying to maintain consistency between the visual and the verbal code, but primarily the need to create a purely Italian cultural discourse.
La traducción del paisaje en Der Archipelagus de Friedrich Hölderlin
Authors: Saro García Leonor
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo plantea la comparativa entre dos traducciones diferentes del poema Der Archipelagus de Friedrich Hölderlin, centrándose en los elementos paisajísticos que configuran las imágenes del poema. Partimos de la premisa de que la construcción de un paisaje revela necesariamente una mirada sobre el mundo y una forma de habitarlo, determinadas por el espíritu de los tiempos del poeta, por la idiosincrasia de su lenguaje y por su percepción del papel del ser humano en la realidad. Consideramos que una traducción ha de tener todos estos elementos en cuenta, para ofrecer en la lengua de llegada un paisaje análogo en que habitar como lectores de una forma lo más parecida posible a aquella en la que habitamos el paisaje del poema original. En primer lugar, procederemos con un análisis de los elementos paisajísticos del poema en el contexto de la obra y de la poética de Hölderlin y posteriormente abordaremos la comparativa, que hemos articulado en torno a los movimientos y las imágenes paisajísticas más relevantes de este poema.
Inteligibilidad: diferentes perspectivas de su concepto y evaluación. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Malatesta Haug Gisella , Pérez Herrera Denisse
Published: July 2021

Una adecuada inteligibilidad es un indicador del éxito en la comunicación. Su interferencia, a causa de cualquier patología, debe ser abordada en los objetivos primordiales de la terapia. No obstante, los métodos para su evaluación son poco conocidos. Objetivo: desarrollar una revisión sistemática que describa los métodos empleados en la medición de la inteligibilidad y discutir la conceptualización de este constructo. Metodología: se realiza una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, ScieLo y Science Direct para identificar artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2018. Análisis y discusiones: Se seleccionan 50 investigaciones en inglés, español y portugués, que mostraron preferencia por medidas objetivas de evaluación, por sobre las medidas subjetivas de escala. La inteligibilidad se define mejor como un constructo dependiente de la señal acústica, a diferencia del concepto de comprensibilidad. Esta revisión ofrece información actualizada y organizada para optimizar procedimientos clínicos y científicos de medición de la inteligibilidad.
The xanthine oxidase and its associated activities in the ovine milk and liver: distinctive in impact of in vivo molybdenum
Authors: Mukhamejanova Akmaral , Alikulov Zerekbay , Tuganova Bakyt , Adamzhanova Zhanna
Published: July 2021

Xanthine oxidase is molybdenum and iron-containing flavoprotein, catalyzing the final oxidation stage of purines and oxidative transformation of pterins and some aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Despite the importance of this enzyme, the distribution of xanthine oxidase in traditional household animal’s milk and tissues is unknown. Formerly, we have found most of the xanthine oxidase molecules in animal milk are inactive because of a lack of molybdenum. Ovine milk was processed by inserting in vivo molybdenum (tungsten) into drinking water. We gave opposite dates in the presence of tungsten too. Heating the milk of animals at 80 °C for 5 minutes in the presence of molybdenum and cysteine led to a sharp increase of xanthine oxidase and its associated – nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities. The change of xanthine oxidase and its associated activities were examined by spectrophotometry after treatment. It was established that metal ions added in drinking water for animals have an impact on enzyme activities. The activity is formed in the ovine liver even in the absence of exogenous molybdenum in drinking water. The associated activities of liver enzymes in the presence of molybdenum in drinking water had slightly increased. Tungsten-containing water led to the loss of all activities of liver xanthine oxidase. It is proposed that the liver contains a special protein involving in the incorporation of molybdenum (or tungsten) into xanthine oxidase molecule, however, the milk or mammary gland compounds lack this protein.
Influence of combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and stellate liver cells on its morphofunctional state after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Maklakova I. Yu. , Grebnev D. Yu. , Osipenko A. V.
Published: July 2021

The aimof the study was to study the changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver after the combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MMSC) and stellate liver cells (ZCP) in animals with partial hepatectomy.

Materials and methods.The MMSC culture was isolated from the placental chorion of 5 laboratory animals f female mice aged 3-4 months, weighing 22-23 g, gestation period of 18 days. The mononuclear fraction of the cells was obtained by sequential mechanical and enzymatic treatment of the placental tissue. The cultivation of MMSCs was carried out in a CO2 incubator at a temperature of 370C with a carbon dioxide content of 5% and a humidity of 90%. ZCP was isolated by collagenase-pronase perfusion of the liver, followed by cell separation in the histodense density gradient. MMSCs of the 3rd passage were introduced, and ZKP was introduced immediately after isolation. MMSCs at a dose of 4 million cells/kg and ZCP at a dose of 9 million cells/ kg were used for transplantation to labotory animals. The cells were injected 1 hour after partial hepatectomy. The biochemical parameters of peripheral blood and morphometric parameters of the liver were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th day after the administration of MMSC.

Results.As a result of the study, it was found that the combined transplantation of MMSC and ZCP after partial hepatectomy leads to the restoration of the level of enzymes that characterize cytolysis and cholestasis, normalization of the protein-synthetic function of the liver, normalization morphometric parameters of the liver. A significant mechanism for restoring the morphofunctional state of the liver can be considered the influence of transplanted MMSCs and ZCP on the cell repair system, which leads to a decrease in the severity of programmed cell death of hepatocytes and the level of pathological mitoses.

Discussion.Combined transplantation of MMSCs and HCP after partial hepatectomy leads to an increase in the level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), thus contributing to an se in the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and the restoration of liver mass. The transplanted cells also, by increasing the activity of DNA repair enzymes of the PARP family, lead to a decrease in the level of pathological mitoses, inhibition of their programmed cell death.

Conclusions.The conducted studies demonstrate the ability of combined MMSC and PCR transplantation to restore the morphofunctional state of the liver after partial hepatectomy and provide the basis for conducting pilot clinical studies
Impact of some intraoperative factors on wound infection in cardiac surgery
Authors: Stepin A. V.
Published: July 2021

Relevanc. Surgical Site Infection (SSI) after open heart surgery is a significant problem in clinical, social, and economic aspect which causes the need to identification of the preferred procedures for successful prevention of the SSI.

Objectives. To determine risk of the SSI in cardiac surgery depending on complexity of intervention, using of cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) and use of both internal mammary arteries (IMA).

Methods. Prospective observations study from 2010 to 2019 in cardiac surgery department of the Ural Institute of Cardiology, where in total 4993 open heart surgery procedures were consecutively performed. All SSI cases were recorded up to 90 days after surgery. The analysis was performed to identify risk of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), bilateral IMA grafting and combined procedures on the risk of the postoperative wound infection.

Results. During the investigation period, total 220 cases of the SSI (4,5%) have been registered of the 4993 patients undergoing open heart surgery. It included 42 cases of deep sternal infection (0,9%) and 178 cases of superficial infection (3,6%). The main pathogen identified was Staphylococcus epidermidis (56,4%). During the hospital period, 151 cases (66,5%) of SSI have been detected, with the median time to detection of the complication 6 days. The relative mortality risk in deep sternal infection group was 4,4 times higher than in the group without SSI (HR 4,6, 95 % CI 1,5-13,9, p=0,003624). CABG increases the relative risk of SSI in compare with non-CABG procedures (OR 3,086169; 95%CI 1,281 – 7,437), while the complexity of the operation (combined versus isolated interventions) does not significantly increase the risk (OR 0.972283; 95% CI: 0.696 - 1.359). The incidence of SSI in the group of in situ BIMA grafting was 8.8%, significantly increasing the likelihood of the SSI in compare to those with SIMA (OR 2.167983, 95% CI 1.463 - 3.212; p =0,000057). CBP significantly increases the risk of postoperative wound infections (OR 1.523890, 95% CI 1.149 - 2.022, p = 0.001742).

Conclusions. Refusal of cardiopulmonary bypass, simultaneous procedures and bilateral coronary artery bypass does not allow completely to avoid postoperative wound infections. Nevertheless, the technical features of the preparations and use of grafts, including skeletonization, prevention of coagulation and the preference for sequential composite CABG, can reduce the risk associated with the type of the open heart surgery.
Analysis of the primary health care state for the rural population at the regional level
Authors: Moskvicheva M. G. , Polinov M. M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The main goal of the state policy in the field of healthcare is to form a system that ensures the availability of medical care and increases the efficiency of medical services. The volume, type and quality of medical care must correspond to the level of morbidity, the needs of the population and the advanced achievements of medical science. Primary health care is the backbone of the health care delivery system. The problem of it improvement, including in rural areas, is a priority and has national significance. The development of measures to increase the availability of primary health care according to the territorial principle is an urgent scientific and practical problem.

The purpose of the study — based on the analysis, methodologically substantiate and develop measures to increase the availability and improve the system of organizing the provision of primary health re to the rural population on a territorial basis.

Materials and methods. Mathematical-statistical and analytical (quantitative, structural, comparative) research methods were used.

Results and Discussion. In the Chelyabinsk Region, there are disproportions in the provision of the population with medical personnel: the provision of the urban population with doctors and l personnel is significantly higher than that of the rural population. The indicator of staffing with paramedical personnel in full-time positions of feldsher-obstetric stations is 20.1% lower than in the Russian Federation. The index of "combination rate" among doctors working in outpatient departments is 1.2 times higher than the target indicator of the National Health Project, and in rural areas it is 1.1 times. In order to unify the organizational and methodological approaches, the authors proposed a classification of medical stations and their organizational and functional structure.

Conclusions. The organization of the provision of primary health care to the rural population according to the territorial-district principle with the formation of an organizational model of the rural medical district will increase the availability of primary medical health care to the rural population.
The analysis of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the adult population as a medical and social problem and the search for ways to solve it
Authors: Kosolapov V. P. , Yarmonova M. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction.The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of cardiovascular morbidity (CVD), mortality of the population and the demographic situation, as well as determining the prevalence of CVD as a medical and social problem at the federal and regional levels. The analysis of the implementation of the policy of providing medical care to patients with CVD, modern scientific publications on the indicated problem, and the search for ways to solve the medical and social problem of high morbidity and mortality from CVD are carried out.

Materials and methods.The data of official statistical information on the morbidity and mortality of the adult population of the Russian Federation and the Voronezh region for 2010–2019 were used, the works of modern domestic and foreign scientists dealing with the solution of this problem were studied.

Results.It has been established that high CVD and mortality are an acute medical and social problem. Mortality from CVD in Russia in 2019 amount to 46.8% of the total number of deaths. The mortality rate from CVD in Russia exceeds that in the developed countries of the European Union. Despite the presence of positive trends in the fight against this disease, the mortality rate from CVD in the Voronezh region is higher than the average for the Russian Federation (601.8 and 573.2 per 100 thousand population, respectively). The deterioration of the demographic situation, the presence of active targeted projects in this area are the basis for conducting scientific research to find ways to duce CVD and mortality in the adult population.

Conclusion.The high morbidity and mortality from CVD requires a search for new ways to solve the problem, since the existing approaches to its solution are not holistic and universal. It is urgent to develop an integrated approach that takes into account the medical and social characteristics of the adult population of the region.
Analysis of the effectiveness of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia and alternative methods of prevention
Authors: Kudryavceva E. V. , Kovalev V. V. , Bayazitova N. N. , Milyaeva N. M. , Kaumova A. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that remains one of e leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The preventive strategy of prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid gives only a relative reduction in risk, and in a significant part of cases is ineffective. At the same time, the issue of preeclampsia prophylaxis is extremely relevant, since there are no effective methods for treating this condition, with the exception of the completion of gestation.

Purpose of the study. Based on the scientific literature, to evaluate the effectiveness of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia and to determine the possible reasons for the lack of effectiveness of such prevention.

Materials and methods. We conducted a search for scientific literature, as a result of which 39 sources were selected for the final scientific review (2010-2020). The PubMed, ResearchGate and Elibrary databases were used to search for scientific literature.

Results and discussion. The article presents a literature review of the analysis of the effectiveness of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia over the past 5 years, describes the mechanism of action of aspirin, presents studies that confirm or refute the effectiveness of aspirin depending on the dosage and gestational age. Potential alternative agents for the prevention of preeclampsia in cases of aspirin ineffectiveness have been reviewed.

Conclusion. Literature review data show that the effectiveness of aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia depends on the chronobiological effect, compliance, gestational duration and dosage. It is necessary to continue research on the effectiveness of aspirin, and studies carried out on the Russian population will be of particular value for the Russian Federation.
Closest and long-term prospects of 3D-printing for obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Kudryavtseva E. V. , Kovalev V. V. , Zakurinova E. S. , Muller-Kamskii G. , Popov V. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Despite the notable and rapid progress in the development of medical 3D printing in recent years, not much is known about the use of this technology in obstetrics and gynecology.

The purpose of our review of scientific literature was to determine the current level of 3D printing development, discuss the closest and long term prospects for using this technology in obstetrics and gynecology, and analyze its potential advantages and disadvantages.

Materials and methods. We searched for scientific literature. 378 papers passed a three-step screening, as a result of which 42 sources were selected for the final scientific review.

Results and discussion. The main areas in which dimensional printing can be used in this area of medicine is the creation of simulation models and training for students, the creation of anatomical models for preoperative preparation, the surgical instruments, the creation of new dosage drug forms (including transvaginal ones), and bioprinting of organs and tissues.

Conclusion. The presented literary review allows us to conclude that 3D printing the obstetrics and gynecology is a current rapidly developing direction. The organization of 3D modeling and printing laboratories can significantly increase the efficiency of teaching students and residents. In addition, obstetricians-gynecologists and surgeons should be informed about the possibility of 3D printing surgical instruments according to an individual design. It can inspire them to implement their own ideas and develop domestic innovative developments. Three-dimensional printing of dosage forms and bioprostheses requires more complex technological solutions, and is not yet used in clinical practice. However, given the enormous prospects for these areas, various grants should be envisaged for their development in Russia
Microaspiration in GER as one of the causes of bronchial asthma exacerbation and the occurrence of chronic cough in children. History of the problem and diagnostics
Authors: Fedorov I. A. , Rybakova O. G. , Goreva E. A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the review:to analyze the evolution of the views of clinicians and researchers on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and is extraesophageal bronchial manifestations, and the stages of the formation of the diagnosis of microaspiration of the lower respiratory tract in children.

Materials and methods.Sarch in electronic databases: Elibrary, Federal Electronic Medical Library of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, bibliographic database of articles on medical sciences, created by the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE.

Main statements.Diagnostics and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and its extraesophageal manifestations both in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21-st century present certain difficulties for pediatricians and pulmonologists. Currently, there are numerous domestic and foreign clinical guidelines created with the aim f improving diagnostics and approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and "silent" microaspiration of the lower respiratory tract of the respiratory tract. However, the evidence base for the problem under discussion is rather limited, due to the lack of specificity of the symptoms of the disease and the absence of a "gold standard" diagnostics.

Conclusion.The presented review gives information about non-invasive diagnosis of microaspiration in children with bronchial asthma and chronic cough what will help us decide on treatment, taking into account the concomitant gastroesophageal reflux. A non-invasive method for detecting lactose in the induced sputum of the respiratory tract and also an additional determination of the average cytochemical coefficient of macrophages can serve as an effective alternative to the verification of "silent" microaspiration in children with bronchial asthma and chronic cough.
Acciones gubernamentales y su incidencia en el desarrollo económico de México
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez María Concepción , García Morales María Isabel , Marroquín Arreola Juan , Vera Martínez Martín Cutberto , Rivera Álvarez Rubén , Romo Rico Daniel , Muñoz Marcelino David , Torres Ramírez Aylin , Marcelino Aranda Mariana , Robles Ortiz David , Soriano Morales Yazmín Viridiana , Huerta Sánchez Erik Omar , Martínez García Miguel Ángel , Trejo García José Carlos , Mendoza Guerrero Mahuizotl , Pérez Reveles María de la Luz , Ríos Bolívar Humberto
Published: July 2021

Esta obra se compone de ocho ensayos realizados por investigadores de varios centros de investigación del Instituto Politécnico Nacional y de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, cuya inquietud principal es indagar sobre las problemáticas en las que las acciones del Estado son importantes para su mejora o solución. Por esta razón, el gasto público es uno de los puntos más abordados a lo largo del libro en sus diversos aspectos: desde su efecto en la formación de capital para el crecimiento económico, pasando por el involucramiento ciudadano en su distribución a partir de determinadas necesidades sociales, hasta la inversión pública como parte de ese gasto público. Otro de los graves problemas a tratar es la cuestión de las pensiones, de ahí que se analice el riesgo, la volatilidad y el rendimiento de los mercados financieros que tienen las afores. En este sentido, se hacen propuestas para disminuir o, en su caso, resolver los problemas que este tema acarrea. De igual forma, como no podemos ser ajenos a lo que vive el país, se abordan las repercusiones que ha tenido la Covid-19 en el aumento del desempleo y en el incremento de la economía informal.
Cultura y Big Data. Métodos y técnicas para el análisis cultural en una sociedad datificada
Authors: Oliva Abarca Jesús Eduardo
Published: July 2021

El propósito de este libro es ejemplificar los conceptos, métodos y aplicaciones de la analítica cultural, propuesta formulada por Lev Manovich, y que consiste en el empleo sistemático de herramientas y técnicas de la ciencia de datos para el análisis de datos masivos de fenómenos culturales. Con tal objetivo, se presentan tres estudios que ejemplifican diferentes flujos de trabajo desde este enfoque. El primero consiste en un análisis del micromecenazgo cultural y creativo en México y América Latina, así como en la elaboración de dos sistemas de recomendación a partir de la recolección automatizada de datos mediante “raspado de red” (web scraping), todo ello con la finalidad de brindar información relevante para la financiación de proyectos de artistas y creativos independientes. El segundo estudio es la aplicación de técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (natural language processing) a un corpus conformado por diversos tweets, a partir de los cuales se elabora un modelo de clasificación automática de textos. A partir del examen automatizado de atributos sintácticos y semánticos, se perciben las diferencias estructurales entre tweets clasificados como noticias, frases o reflexiones, y ficciones. En el tercer estudio se abordan las posibilidades y usos de la visión computacional para el análisis y modelado de sistemas de clasificación de imágenes de obras plásticas; para ello, se parte del método iconográfico-iconológico, así como del procesamiento automatizado de atributos visuales de piezas artísticas. Del desarrollo de estas investigaciones se ratifica la necesidad de fomentar abordajes interdisciplinarios para el análisis de la cultura.
Identification of the Sibling Species of the Blackfly, Simulium damnosum Complex Using their Polytene Chromosomal Banding Patterns in Oji River System, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: C.O. Josephine , N.U. Ethel-Doris , S.N. Victor
Published: July 2021

Identification of the sibling species of the blackfly, S. damnosum complex using their polytene chromosomal banding patterns in Oji river system was carried out with the aim of accurately identifying the particular sibling species of S. damnosum complex involved in the transmission of onchocerciasis in Oji-river LGA and environ. Simulium damnosum complex larvae were collected monthly in forty eight (48) breeding sites in four sampling units for three years in the Oji river system in wet and dry seasons. Collected larvae were preserved in cold Carnoy’s solution prior to processing. Salivary gland chromosomes were extracted, processed and analyzed microscopically for polytene chromosomal banding patterns. Three sibling species of Simulium damnosum complex that breed in the Oji river system were identified in varying degrees. They included S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. damnosum sensu stricto (s.s.). Variation in the occurrence of the sibling species was statistically significant. Dry and wet season catches for all the sibling species in the sampling units were found to differ statistically. The identified sibling species of S. damnosum complex are known to be vectors of Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis, a disease highly prevalent in Oji-river LGA and environ.
Population Abundance of Antelopes Based on Prevalence in Some Selected Markets in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: G. Ibiso , G.,C. Akani , A. Nioking , C. O. Glorious
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the population abundance of antelopes based on prevalence in some selected bushmeat markets in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three (3) markets known to have a long history of wildlife marketing/business were chosen as sampling stations. These include: Omagwa bushmeat market, Imo River bushmeat market and Asa market. The stations were visited twice a week for six (6) months, 6 times in a month (December 2017–February 2018) and 3 wet season months (May 2018–July 2018). Sample and data were collected in the morning hours between 7 am and 12 noon when hunters usually return with their bounty. During each visit, morphometric traits of antelope carcasses brought by hunters/bushmeat traders were measured with the aid of a measuring tape and weighed. The sex of each antelope was determined by examining the reproductive organs and the number of antelope carcasses brought to the market was recorded. A total count of 202 individuals belonging to 3 species—Cephalophus maxwelli, Neotragus batesi and Tragelaphus scriptus from the family Bovidae—were recorded from all the three stations, with C. maxwelli being the dominant species in all stations. C. maxwelli had a total count of 141 individuals while N. batesi and T. scriptus had total counts of 35 and 26 individuals respectively. Omagwa bushmeat market had the highest count of antelope carcasses accounting for 63% (126 individuals) of the total count, followed by Imo River bushmeat market with 23% (47 individuals) and Asa market with 14% (29 individuals). A total of 103 males and 99 females were recorded. Seasonal variation data revealed that the dry season had a count of 72 individuals while the wet season had a count of 130 individuals. Combing of vegetation, night hunting, use of dart guns and use of snare traps were the dominant methods used in the study locations. According to the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN), these bovids are said to be the least-concern species but this research work showed that T. scriptus and N. batesi were threatened locally.
Preparedness and Attitudinal Disposition Towards Menarche Among In-School Girls in Ikenne
Authors: O.A. Fadipe , O. O. Oyerinde
Published: July 2021

The study examines the knowledge and attitudinal disposition towards menarche among in-school girls. The study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive design using quantitative (questionnaire). A multi-stage sampling technique was employed for the selection of 422 in-school girls in the selected secondary schools while a purposive sampling technique was used to select 13 school girls for focus group discussion. Frequency distribution table and summaries of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics of Pearson product-moment correlation analysis were used to test the research hypothesis. The study found that Most of the students 40.5% of the in-school girls have a high level of preparedness for menarche. Majority of the in-school girls 34.4% had moderate levels of attitudinal disposition towards menarche. Majority of the in-school girls 45% had a good level of coping mechanism towards menarche among in-school girls. There was a significant relationship between the level of preparedness for menarche and the attitudinal disposition of in-school girls in Ikenne Local Government. There was a significant relationship between the level of preparedness for menarche and the coping mechanism of in-school girls in Ikenne Local Government. The calculated R Squared and p-value for preparedness for menarche and attitudinal disposition is 0.716 which signifies 71.6% contribution to coping with menarche among in-school girls in Ikenne Local Government Area. The study recommends that there is a need for teachers to build a peaceful and healthy transition into womanhood through adequate preparation and provision of resources for young girls. Parents should create more time for their female adolescents towards given necessary psychosocial support as they enter menarche
Karl Popper’s Critique of Thomas Kuhn’s Concept of Normal Science: An Evaluation
Authors: Chike Anetoh Bonaventure
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on an evaluation of Karl Popper’s critique of Thomas Kuhn’s concept of normal science. Kuhn describes normal science as paradigm-based research in which scientists conduct their research within the theoretical and conceptual provisions of the accepted paradigm. His idea of normal science is very controversial, and as such was criticized by many philosophers of science, especially Karl Popper. The basic questions are: What actually does Kuhn mean by normal science? What are the major occupations of scientists during normal scientific research? What are the major criticisms Popper made against Kuhn’s normal science? Is Popper right in his assessment of Kuhn’s idea of normal science? This article, employing analytical and critical methods of inquiry, examines Popper’s critique of Kuhn’s normal science. The researcher observes that Popper’s major problems with Kuhn’s idea revolve around the issues of uncriticality and dogmatism. However, this article argues that Kuhnian normal scientists seem not to be as ‘dogmatic’ and ‘not-too-critical’ as Popper claims. Popper’s fundamental problem in his assessment of Kuhnian normal science is that he assessed Kuhn’s normal science in isolation without taking adequate cognizance of its proper context. Nevertheless, Popper’s non-dogmatic approach to the scientific investigation could be said to be very necessary for the development of science in general.
There is Nothing New Under the Sun: A Comparative Study of the Politics at the Time of Jesus to the Ghanaian Politics
Authors: B. Kwaku , B. Isaac
Published: July 2021

Generally, it is often said that change is the only constant thing in the world. In other words, as time changes, people’s ways of doing things equally changes. This paper seeks to compare the political culture of first century Palestine (in which Jesus lived and ministered) to the political culture of contemporary Ghana. To this end, the study compares and contrasts the reign of Herod in the first century Jerusalem with Political actors in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. It is a literature-based research that draws from both primary and secondary sources. The study found that, there is not much difference between the politics of today and that of Jesus’ day. It, therefore, makes Solomon`s statement there is nothing new under the sun still relevant today.
ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP INFLUENCE AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION ON PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYMENT POLITECHNIC EMPLOYEES IN DEPOK
Authors: Prabadhi Isidorus Anung
Published: July 2021

Organization requires human resources capable of running its activities properly so as to achieve  the objectives set.Leadership and achievement motivation becomes one of the factors that can affect  the performance of employees in carrying out its activities. This study aims to identify and analyze  the influence of leadership and achievement motivation on employee performance either partially or  simultaneously. This research uses a design causal or causal population numbers are all employees  of the Polytechnic of Immigration Depok. Probability sampling technique is saturated with a sample  of 33 employees. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results  showed that simultaneous (test F) leadership and achievement motivation has a positive and  significant influence on employee performance. Partial test results showed that the variable of  leadership has a positive and significant influence on employee performance at the Polytechnic of  Immigration, Depok. Achievement motivation has a positive and significant influence on employee  performance Immigration Polytechnic.
MENTORING, AN ALTERNATIVE EFFORT TO DEVELOP GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES’ COMPETENCIES
Authors: Rosmaya Mila
Published: July 2021

A change is something obsolute and mandatory. People also do change. In the context of a public  service the people are categoried into demanders and suppliers (providers). Needs of the demander keep  changing. The changes happen to variant, quantity of the people’s needs as well as process of how they  expect to get their needs. To keep up with these changes and, moreover, to improve the quality of the  public service they supply to the demanders, the providers need to make some changes. The change that  should take at the first place is their competency. They should get competency development provided  by an orgnization where they belong to. Among many available alternatives of the competency  development methods, mentoring is something else. It involves the right person who shares expertise  and trains the competency needed by a trainee (mentee) because the person is the mentee’s supervisor  who can directly monitor and evaluate the progress of the mentoring. This method generates benefits  not only for the individuals involved but also the organization. For the organization the mentoring is  both efficient and effective. It costs almost zero budget. Despite the obstacles that may occur the  mentoring is a bull’s eye.
STRATEGIES TO INCREASE THE NON-TAX REVENUE OF IMMIGRATION SUBJECT TO THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO.21 OF 2016 ON VISA WAIVER PROGRAM
Authors: Nurkumalawati Intan
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the phenomena of Visa Waiver Program policy under the Presidential Regulation No. 21 of 2016 on Free Visa Policy in which there are 169 countries being exempted from obtaining a visa to enter the Indonesian territory. Since then, this policy affects a significant decrease of the non-tax revenue of Immigration which might cause the programs and immigration policy getting fewer. The purpose is to set up recommended strategies to raise the number of non-tax revenue of immigration and as a reference and recommendation for Directorate General of Immigration (DGI). The result shows that there are three steps and strategies in an effort to make the non-tax revenue of immigration higher: increasing the fee of the existing non-tax revenue, regulating the discrimination of fee (user charges) of the non-tax revenue, and adding categories of non-tax revenue of immigration.
DEFINING THE PROBLEM OF ILLEGAL FOREIGN WORKERS AS WICKED PROBLEMS
Authors: Bawono Sri Kuncoro
Published: July 2021

The issue of Illegal foreign worker existence in Indonesia has attracted the government to react to this problem since this issue has made a restlessness in public. The existence of the illegal foreign workers considered could bring threats to the national security. Accordingly, the Directorate General of Immigration has tried to overcome this problem by strengthening the Immigration Law Enforcement; However, this effort seems do not really solve the problem. This is because the intricacy of the problem that makes the solution which implemented did not bring an intended outcome. Therefore, to find the appropriate solution, this problem should be framed differently by defining this as a wicked problem. This research will describe the complexity, the uncertainty, and the value diversity in this problem that construct this problem as a wicked problem.
URGENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION AS A PREVENTIF EFFORTS: CASE STUDIES OF NIGERIANTRAVEL DOCUMENTS EXAMINATION ON THE NAME OF ECHEZONA KINGSLEY OKOLIE
Authors: Triani Feni Yuli
Published: July 2021

Foreigners surveillance in Indonesia includes the entry and exit of foreigners to and from Indonesian territory and the presence and activities of foreigners in the Indonesian territory. After the foreigner is granted entry permission according to his visa, the surveillance is under Authority of the immigration office whose working area covers the stranger's residence. This surveillance is carried out as a Preventive Effort of the existence and usefulness of Foreigners in the Indonesian territory. This is based on a selective policy that upholds the value of human rights and regulates how foreigners enter the Indonesian territory. then the formulation of the problem to be investigated is (1) How does the function of the Immigration surveillance function as a preventive Efforts? And (2) How does the Function of the Immigration Surveillance function in handling cases of examining the Nigerian Travel Documents on behalf of Echezona Kingsley Okolie ?. Based on the research results obtained that the Immigration Oversight Function plays a role in carrying out preventive measures for immigration. Preventive efforts carried out by the Immigration Surveillance Sub-Directorate in the form of surveillance and exchange of information with other countries and related institutions in the country. In the case study of the Nigerian National Travel Documents Examination on behalf of Echezona Kingsley Okolie, the Immigration surveillance Function, in this case the Field Surveillance, acts as a preventive efforts. In its implementation, Pasal 71 of Undang Undang No. 6 year 2011 states that every Foreigner in the Territory of Indonesia is required to provide all necessary information regarding his and his family's identity. So because in that case, namely in the implementation of Field Surveilance can not show Travel Documents in the form of a Passport or Visa, then the suspect is subject to a Criminal Case Alleged Foreigners who can not show and submit Travel Documents or Stay Permits owned as referred to in Pasal 116 of Undang Undang No. 6 Year 2011 concerning Immigration.
IMMIGRATION EXAMINATION APECT REVIEWED FROM IMO FAL CONVENTION
Authors: Nursanto Gunawan Ari
Published: July 2021

Indonesia is an archipelago (Archipelago Country) that has territorial borders with other countries covering land, sea or air. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has regulations regarding the entry and exit of a person, both Indonesian citizens and foreigners. The gate through which someone enters or exits the territory of Indonesia or what is called the Immigration Checkpoint  is a crossing place for everyone. With the existence of the Immigration Checkpoint as a means to anticipate threats, obstacles and disruptions to the territorial sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Institutionally the Immigration Checkpoint is the work scope of the Directorate General of Immigration. In terms of the sea area there are international conventions that regulate the law of the sea which have an impact on immigration regulations that have a role in the Sea the Immigration Checkpoint namely the Cofference of Facilitation of Maritime Traffic, the convention on the ease of international maritime traffic held by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London. This Convention aims to harmonize government regulations with international regulations. The IMO FAL Convention was not fully adopted by Indonesia due to regulatory differences. The adoption of the IMO FAL Convention standard into regulations in Indonesia has a good influence on immigration as a standard for immigration checks for sea transport crews.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS DAN REFUGEES LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA AFTER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBER 125 OF 2016 ON THE TREATMENT OF FOREIGN REFUGEES
Authors: Syahrin M. Alvi , Utomo Yusa Shabri
Published: July 2021

The movement of population was only a domestic issue of a country, but along with the number of countries that paid attention to Asylum Seekers and Refugee so that these issues become worldwide problem. In International law the existence of these refugee protected by the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Refugee Protocol about Refugee. The Indonesian state did not ratify the Protocol so that Indonesia was not obliged to accept the asylum seekers and refugee. However, Indonesia’s strategic position makes Indonesia become a transit country for those who want to continue into the destination country. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia issued a Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees. The problem research is how to handling asylum seekers and refugee after the publication of Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees. This research is used empirical-normative research methods. Thus, the Government of Indonesia already has a legal basis to handle these asylum seekers and refugees. Indonesia is expected can be more instrumental in addressing the problem of asylum seekers and refugees internationally even thought Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. However, in its implementation Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees did not run smoothly. It’s because a lot of their handling has not yet referred to the Presidential Regulation.
Pengantar Redaksi
Authors: Editorial Tim
Published: July 2021

Patrawidya edisi No. 2, Agustus 2019 diawali dengan artikel yang membahas tentang pemikiranKoentjaraningrat mengenai masalah integrasi nasional, mulai dari awal karir beliau sebagai ahliantropologi, hingga masa pensiunnya, hasil penelitian Heddy Shri Ahimsa-Putra dengan judul“Koentjaraningrat Dan Integrasi Nasional Indonesia: Sebuah Telaah Kritis”. Terdapat tiga tahapperkembangan pemikiran Koentjaraningrat mengenai integrasi nasional di Indonesia yaitu tahappertama (tahun 1970an) sebagai masa awal perkembangan pemikiran beliau. Penggunaan konsepkonsep lebih untuk memenuhi keperluan deskripsi daripada analisis. Tahap kedua (tahun 1980an),Koentjaraningrat mulai lebih analitis dalam memahami masalah integrasi nasional, dan identifikasimasalah-masalahnya menjadi lebih tajam dan rinci. Tahap ketiga (tahun 1990an), Koentjaraningratmenggunakan perspektif yang lebih komparatif dan makro untuk memahami fenomena integrasinasional.
Estimating the cost of pure cybercrime to Australian individuals
Authors: Teunissen Coen , Voce Isabella
Published: July 2021

This report estimates the cost of pure cybercrime to individuals in Australia in 2019. A survey was administered to a sample of 11,840 adults drawn from two online panels—one using probability sampling and the other non-probability sampling—with the resulting data weighted to better reflect the distribution of the wider Australian population. Thirty-four percent of respondents had experienced some form of pure cybercrime, with 14 percent being victimised in the last 12 months. This is equivalent to nearly 6.7 million Australian adults having ever been the victim of pure cybercrime, and 2.8 million Australians being victimised in the past year. Drawing on these population estimates, the total economic impact of pure cybercrime in 2019 was approximately $3.5b. This encompasses $1.9b in money directly lost by victims, $597m spent dealing with the consequences of victimisation, and $1.4b spent on prevention costs. Victims recovered $389m.
Challenges of Psychological Therapy Work With Autistic Adult
Authors: Dobiala Ewa , Stefańska-Klar Renata , Rumińska Aleksandra , Golaska-Ciesielska Paulina , Duras Maciej , Janiak Weronika
Published: July 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as a neurodiverse developmental pattern, affects between one and two individuals in every 100 people. Autistic individuals experience different challenges in every decade of their lives. The difficulties in sensorimotor functioning, emotional codes, communication and cognition, albeit causing emotional distress, form a basis for developing a unique culture. Knowledge, understanding, respect and openness to neurodiversity are the fundamental prerequisites for Transcultural and Positive Psychotherapists and any professional who intends to deliver psychological therapy to autistic individuals. In this paper, we discuss the medical, psychological and sociocultural aspects of the autistic spectrum and present the basic goals of therapeutic work with autistic adults.
Dealing Positively with World Crises: Our Contribution to World Peace
Authors: Peseschkian Nossrat
Published: July 2021

Humanity’s search for a new and effective orientation will bring with it a changing relationship between cause and effect. Individuals disillusioned by culture, society, politics and religion, who seek refuge and help in their private worlds, will in turn multiply the collective problems because of these shifting relations. This shows us once again that none of these cultural systems is good in itself. Their qualities only reveal themselves in the ways in which they are effective for the people who live within them and to the extent to which the rules of their games allow for constructive encounters with other sociocultural systems and their members. So, there is much that the members of various cultural systems could learn from each other – even if they only learn to understand one another. First published in Hessisches Ärzteblatt Journal. Issue 3 (2002) in German.
Pandemia, confinamiento e impresión 3D
Authors: Martín-Blas Cifuentes Á. D.
Published: July 2021

«Tras la declaración oficial de la pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020 por parte de la OMS, en España se inicia una etapa marcada por el confinamiento, la escasez de recursos relacionados con los Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI), la incertidumbre y la preocupación. En ese mismo instante, el Grupo Social ONCE puso en marcha, inmediatamente, una serie de medidas encaminadas a proporcionar recursos y ayuda», como el apoyo prestado a la red de coronamakers para diseñar e imprimir elementos de utilidad para los servicios de salud y entidades de personas con discapacidad.