bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic coefficients of electrons in weakly ionized plasma of mixtures of air with water vapor in a strong electric field
Authors: Kochetov I. V. , Aleksandrov N. L.
Published: December 2024

Using a numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation, the electron drift velocity, the coefficients of their longitudinal and transverse diffusion, as well as the ionization and dissociative attachment coefficients in weakly ionized plasma of mixtures of air with water vapor are calculated in a wide range of reduced electric fields (1–650 Td, 1 Td = 10–17 V cm2) and mole fractions of water vapor (0–1). The calculation results are compared with new experimental data, and good agreement between them is obtained. It is shown that for all coefficients and the average electron energy, their dependence on the gas composition changes with increasing electric field. At low reduced fields, an increase in the content of H2O water molecules in mixtures leads to a decrease in the transport coefficients and average electron energy, while the opposite trend is observed at high fields. It is shown that for the drift velocity and electron attachment coefficient there are electric fields, in which these coefficients in gas mixtures can be greater than the coefficients in dry air and water vapor. A qualitative explanation is given for the obtained dependences of the electron coefficients on the electric field and H2O content in the mixtures.
БАЧЕННЯ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: BUROV YEVHEN , ZHOVNIR YURIY , ZAKHARYA OLEH
Published: December 2024

Впровадження штучного інтелекту в усі сфери технологій обіцяє підвищення продуктивності. Системи безпеки з високим рівнем непередбачуваності, ризиків, вимогою діяти на випередження та передбачати розвиток інцидентів належать до сфери, де використання штучного інтелекту може принести значну віддачу від інвестицій. У цій статті описано бачення впровадження інтелектуальної системи безпеки. Така система розглядається як ситуаційно-орієнтована система, яка виявляє ситуації та обробляє їх розвиток у реальному часі. Система використовує онтологію, отриману від GFO, для створення загальної специфікації понять і об’єктів. Початковий варіант системи безпеки містить фронт-енд і серверну частини, що реалізують управління контролем доступу і спостереження. База знань використовує сценарії типових інцидентів і протоколи їх обробки для визначення роботи системи
Students’ Interest in Learning Mathematics through Aquascape Project-Based Learning at Vocational High School
Authors: Sholihat M. Nuur'aini , Dwiyanti Widya
Published: December 2024

The low interest in learning mathematics for vocational students is still a problem in the world of education. The orientation of vocational education emphasizes the application of knowledge in practical and real contexts. Therefore, the relevance of each subject to the competence of students’ expertise is important. This study aims to determine the interest in learning mathematics of grade X APAT students at SMK PPN Tanjungsari in aquascape project-based learning. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. Data was collected through observation sheets, student interest questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the average percentage of student learning interest. The results showed that students' interest in learning mathematics in aquascape project-based learning reached a high level, which was 67.32%. These results can make a positive contribution to learning practices and provide a foundation for further research in the fields of mathematics, science, and Landscaping and Gardening. The implications of these results could be the basis for the development of more effective and interest-oriented learning strategies for subsequent students.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION ON BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS IN GREEN ORIENTED STARTUPS
Authors: Lina Ni Putu Maha , Boonyasana Kwanruetai
Published: December 2024

The study aims at analyzing the direct and indirect effects of intrinsic motivation, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention on the 270 employees of eco-oriented startups in Bali. This study was conducted based on research gaps, namely: 1) the limitations of research that emphasizes intrinsic motivation in the behavioral intention of using recruitment games; and 2) the lack of studies that enrich the combination of SDT and TAM theory. The data were collected using a questionnaire with the help of SmartPLS. The results showed that: 1) Intrinsic motivation has a significant positive relationship to perceived ease of use; 2) Perceived ease of use has a significant positive relationship to behavioral intention; 3) Perceived ease of use mediates intrinsic motivation and behavioral intention; and 4) Intrinsic motivation has a significant positive relationship to behavioral intention
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Nata De Coco untuk Bahan Pembuatan Tablet
Authors: Chevi Ardiana
Published: December 2024

Nata de coco merupakan salah satu produk makanan hasil fermentasi Acetobacter xylinumdalam substrat air kelapa yang mengandung gula yang merupakan selulosa bakteri, yangidentik dengan selulosa yang berasal dari tumbuhan. Selulosa merupakan suatu bahan yangpenting untuk membuat berbagai sediaan farmasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, isolasidengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan natrium hidroksida 18% menghasilkan a-selulosadengan rendemen sebesar 93,48%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisa a-selulosamenggunakan 2,5N asam klorida dan menghasilkan mikrokristalin selulosa denganrendemen sebesar 78,79%. Karakterisasi selulosa yang diperoleh meliputi pH, susutpengeringan, berat jenis, kompresibilitas dan daya serap air. Pengukuran derajat keputihan,ukuran partikel dan analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah, scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) serta difraktometer sinar-x dilakukan terhadap selulosa mikrokristal.Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dapat dikatakan bahwa selulosa mikrokristal dan AvicelPH-102 mempunyai spektrum inframerah dan difraksi sinar-x yang mirip serta rumus kimiayang sama yaitu (C6H10O5)n.
PENGARUH MODEL IMPROVE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA KONSEP ARCHAEBACTERIA DAN EUBACTERIA DI KELAS X SMAN 16 GARUT
Authors: Saepul Rohman
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model improve sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan metode diskusi sebagai kelas kontrol pada mata pelajaran biologi pada konsep archaebacteria dan eubacteria. Penelitian ini termasuk pada quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatf. Peneltian menggunakan desaincontrol group pretest-postest. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 16 Garut. Adapun sampel penelitian yang ditetapkan melalui tekhnik claster random sampling yakni X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Tekhnik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes objektif. Analisis hipotesis melalui Uji Mann Whitney. Peneltian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara yang menggunakan model improve dengan yang menggunakan metode diskusi pada konsep archaebacteria dan eubacteria yaitu hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol.
Indeks Ekologi Gastropoda sebagai Bioindikator Tingkat Pencemaran Air Tawar Situ Bangendit
Authors: Nurul Fitri  , Hudi Hernawan  , Sri Wahjuningsih
Published: December 2024

Beberapa aktivitas masyarakat disekitar perairan situ secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapatberdampak terhadap kualitas perairan sungai diantaranya dapat mempengaruhi faktor-faktor biotik danabiotik yang mengakibatkan rusaknya ekosistem di perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui indeks ekologi gastropoda sebagai bioindikator pencemaran air yang terdapat di EkowisaSitu Bagendit pada bulan April – Juni 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif denganpendekatan kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data dan metode penentuan stasiun dengan purposive samplingmethod terhadap 10 stasiun. Sampel yang diambil meliputi pengukuran parameter biotik (gastropoda) sertaabiotik. Hasil pengukuran parameter biotik penelitian menunjukkan famili dari tiga stasiun berjumlah5 famili diantaranya famili Thiaridae, famili Ampullariidae, famili Viviparidae, Lymnaeidae dan FamiliLittorinidae, dan terdiri dari 16 spesies dengan total 1495 individu. Rata-rata nilai indeks keanekaragamanadalah 1,6860 termasuk kategori sedang, kenekaragaman tertinggi adalah spesies Melanoides formensis(0,3570) dan terendah adalah, spesies Thiara rufis (0,0044). Rata-rata nilai indeks kelimpahan adalah,100,6091 termasuk kategori sangat banyak, nilai kelimpahan tertinggi pada spesies Melanoides formosensis(28,2274) dan terendah pada spesies Thiara rufis (0,01). Rata-rata nilai indeks dominansi adalah, 0,1852termasuk kategori rendah nilai dominansi tertinggi pada spesies Melanoides formosensis (0,0796) dominansiterendah pada spesies Thiara rufis (0). Rata-rata nilai indeks kemerataan adalah, 28,5078 termasuk kategoristabil, nilai kemerataan tertinggi pada spesies Pomaceae maculata (3,5338) dan Lymnea Rubiginosa (3,5338)terendah pada spesies Thiara rufis (0). Rata-rata nilai indeks kepadatan adalah, 149,5 termasuk kategoritinggi, nilai kepadatan tertinggi pada spesies Melanoides formenssis (42,2) terendah pada spesies Thiararufis (0,1).
Pemberian Variasi Konsentrasi Senyawa Sitokinin BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Begonia (Begonia ”orphan c. fox”)
Authors: Chevi Ardiana  , Sri Rahayu  , Dewi Hernawati
Published: December 2024

Sitokinin merupakan senyawa hormon pada tumbuhan yang dihasilkan dari turunan (derivate) adenindan/atau fenilurea molekul yang mengatur berbagai proses seluler. Fungsi utama senyawa ini adalahmengatur perkembangan sel-sel pada tumbuhan, sedangkan fungsi lainnya, diantaranya: menunda prosespenuaan daun, mendorong pertumbuhan tunas samping dan luas daun, dan merangsang pertumbuhanakar menjadi lebih panjang. Dalam penelitian ini, tanaman Begonia (Begonia”orphan c. fox”) dipilihsebagai sampel penelitian karena tanaman ini salah satu tanaman hias yang banyak diminati masyarakat.Tanaman ini mempunyai banyak variasi bentuk, warna, dan ukuran daun sehingga tanaman Begoniabanyak dijadikan sebagi tanaman hias. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberiansenyawa sitokinin pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi terhadap tinggi tanaman dan panjang daun. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAK). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang daun dan tinggi tanaman yang maksimaldiperoleh masing – masing, yaitu: panjang daun 10,93 dan tinggi tanaman 13,82 cm pada konsentrasi 3ppm.
Anastomotic iliac artery aneurysms: A delayed but dangerous complication
Authors: Levi N. , Schroeder T.V.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess our experience with anastomotic iliac artery aneurysms and to assess the blood transfusion requirement in patients undergoing surgery for iliac artery aneurysms.

Materials and methods: The case records of 6 patients who underwent 6 arterial reconstructive procedures for anastomotic iliac aneurysms from January 1989 to December 1995 were identified in our prospective vascular database and reviewed.

Result: Five patients presented with a painful abdominal mass and one patient was asymptomatic. The average delay between the original operation and the development of the anastomotic aneurysms was 14 years. Aneurysmorrhaphy with graft interposition was the most common procedure. The one week perioperative mortality was two out of six. Out of 6 patients, 6 patients (100%) were transfused with a total of 51 units (average 8 units per operation, range from 6 to 12 units). The average measured intraoperative blood loss was 3400 ml (2000 to 5300 ml). The average pre‐operative haemoglobin was 7.8 mmol/l (range 6.6 to 9.1 mmol/l). The average post‐operative haemoglobin was 6.5 mmol/l (range 5.5 to 7.1 mmol/l).

Conclusions: Anastomtic iliac aneurysm is a late but dangerous condition with a high perioperative mortality. Large volumes of blood should be avaible.
Drugs and prescribing in Russia: the challenges of transition
Authors: Semenchenko Marina V.
Published: December 2024

The long period of social and political transition in Russia, which began in 1991 and still continues, has created major problems as regards drug supply and use. Structures and practices which existed before that time have been disrupted, but there has as yet been no attainment of a new balance. The problems are reviewed and some of the efforts which are being made in a single administrative district to identify problems and ensure the best possible use of drugs are reported.
Lay books on complementary/alternative medicine: a risk factor for good health?
Authors: Ernst E. , Armstrong N.C.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper was to evaluate lay books on complementary medicine with a view to answering the question whether such literature has the potential to enhance or jeopardise the health of the reader. A sample of six books published in 1997 was chosen at random. Their contents were independently assessed by both authors according to pre‐defined criteria: information on adverse effects of selected therapies, information on invalid or insufficiently tested methods, information on the treatment of potentially serious conditions. The results show that the information provided is both incomplete and misleading. If followed by the reader, it is conceivable that such information may do considerable harm. This pilot project leads to the hypothesis that the lay literature on complementary medicine is far from adequate and has the potential to put the health of the reader at risk. The hypothesis now requires testing with adequate methodology.
Psychostimulants in the treatment of children diagnosed with ADHD: Risks and mechanism of action
Authors: Breggin Peter R.
Published: December 2024

Millions of children in North America are diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and treated with psychostimulants such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine. These drugs produce a continuum of central nervous system toxicity that begins with increased energy, hyperalertness, and overfocusing on rote activities. It progresses toward obsessive/compulsive or perseverative activities, insomnia, agitation, hypomania, mania, and sometimes seizures. They also commonly result in apathy, social withdrawal, emotional depression, and docility. Psychostimulants also cause physical withdrawal, including rebound and dependence. They inhibit growth, and produce various cerebral dysfunctions, some of which can become irreversible.

The “therapeutic” effects of stimulants are a direct expression of their toxicity. Animal and human research indicates that these drugs often suppress spontaneous and social behaviors while promoting obsessive/compulsive behaviors. These adverse drug effects make the psychostimulants seemingly useful for controlling the behavior of children, especially in highly structured environments that do not attend to their genuine needs.
Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in the Maltese population: A population based study
Authors: Savona‐Ventura C. , Azzopardi J. , Sant R.
Published: December 2024

Screening criteria for carbohydrate metabolism problems during pregnancy include the use of specified historic risk factors, which are generally considered to be inadequate. The value of these historic risk factors in a population characterized by a high prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism problems is investigated. The study identified biological characteristics such as elderly maternal age, a high maternal BMI, and multiparity as significant risk factors for the development of GDM. A previous history of Caesarean delivery or macrosomia was similarly associated. There appeared to be no association with a history of previous early pregnancy or perinatal loss, or congenital anomalies. Women identified to have G‐IGT did not show any significant clinical risk factors. The risk factors for the development of GDM are shown to have a high specificity and negative predictive value, but overall low sensitivity and positive predictive value when used in isolation. These features suggest that while the historic risk criteria are not ideal screening tools, they still have an important role in situations where routine screening with an oGTT is unavailable or impractical provided they are used in combination.
Concerns about the use of buspirone in Alzheimer patients
Authors: Goddard Ian Williams
Published: December 2024

The antianxiety drug buspirone is favored for anxious patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it is less sedating that the benzodiazepine tranquilizers, which may worsen cognitive impairment. But how safe is buspirone for AD patients? A review of medical research finds several prominent similarities between AD pathology and buspirone pharmacology, raising concerns that buspirone could significantly augment cognitive decline in AD.
Screening for human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV‐I) infection in Jewish psychiatric patients of Iranian origin
Authors: Spivak B. , Mester R. , Reznik I. , Shohat B. , Kitain L. , Weizman A.
Published: December 2024

A high prevalence of human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV‐I) infection has been identified in Israel among the Mashhadi Jewish community originating from northern Iran. In the present study we screened and examined Iranian‐born psychiatric outpatients for the presence of HTLV‐I infection. The presence of HTLV‐I antibodies was determined by the gelatin particle agglutination test, and simultaneously by the Western blot method. Screening of 50 (26 males, 24 females) Iranian‐born Israeli Jewish psychiatric outpatients showed 2% (one of 50) prevalence of HTLV‐I seropositivity. This low rate of HTLV‐I virus carriers in the study population indicates that there is no association between HTLV‐I infection and psychiatric morbidity in non‐Mashhadi Iranian‐born Jewish psychiatric patients.
Metabolic effects on infants born to mothers with Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance (G‐IGT)
Authors: Savona‐Ventura C. , Schranz A.G.
Published: December 2024

Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance (G‐IGT) is generally assumed to be of no significance to the developing fetus. The present study, comparing the fetal characteristics of 28 infants born to G‐IGT mothers with those of 237 infants born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance, confirms that G‐IGT has no effects on the anthropomorphic characteristics of the newborn infant. However, the mild carbohydrate disorder is shown to affect adversely the intrauterine millieu interieur causing a mild derangement to the fetal pancreatic beta cells.
Monitoring of maternal drug use and infant congenital malformations. Does loratadine cause hypospadias?
Authors: Källén Bengt , Olausson Petra Otterblad
Published: December 2024

The Swedish Medical Birth Registry was used for the monitoring of maternal drug usage in early pregnancy and the occurrence of congenital malformations in infants. An association between maternal use of the anti‐allergic drug loratadine and infant hypospadias was noticed. Continued monitoring suggested that this was probably not a chance phenomenon, but a biological mechanism which could explain the association is unknown. Comparisons with the outcome after exposure for other anti‐allergic drugs suggested a drug specificity.
Safety issues in Indian traditional medicine
Authors: Bhatt H.A. , Gogtay N.J. , Dalvi S.S. , Kshirsagar N.A.
Published: December 2024

A medical system is called traditional, among others, when it is practiced within the country of its origin. The increasing use of Traditional Medicine (TM) worldwide and the growth of the related pharmaceutical industry has led to an activation of research regarding its quality, efficacy and safety. The Ayurveda and Siddha systems of traditional medicine have their origin in India. Of these, Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine in the world and the most commonly practiced form of traditional medicine in India.

Subjects to be discussed comprise of issues related to herb–drug interactions, misuse of TM, variations in the action of a drug due to natural and deliberated reasons and the documentation of adverse drug reaction. Combined efforts, without any bias, by scholars from both traditional and modern medicine to optimize the risk benefit profile and to serve as guards for optimal use of TM, is the prerequisite for global harmonization.
Secular trends in obstetric practice in Malta
Authors: Savona‐Ventura C.
Published: December 2024

Obstetric practice in Malta has changed dramatically over the last two decades. The study identifies these changing trends that have occurred in the pregnant population in respect to their biological demography and their obstetric problems. Maltese pregnant women have changed their reproductive habits and demonstrate a greater predisposition to having children at a younger age (<20 years) or later in life (>40 years). They are more likely to be primiparous and unmarried. The antenatal course is more likely to be complicated by hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage and diabetes. The pregnancies are more likely to require intervention by induction of labour and Caesarian section. There appears to be an increasing reluctance to intervene by operative vaginal deliveries. In spite of the increasing antenatal problems, a definite fall in perinatal mortality has been demonstrated, though there appears to be a slightly increased infant morbidity rate in the form of prematurity and its attendant complications.
A survey of issues regarding ADR and ADR reporting amongst doctors in Delhi
Authors: Bhatia Ashima , Kapoor Upender , Tayal Girish
Published: December 2024

The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have established ADR monitoring centres in many hospitals in the major cities of India. Despite these efforts and the presence of a large number of tertiary care facilities, pharmacovigilance is still in its infancy in India. Gross under reporting of ADR is a cause of concern, the reasons for which may be many. It is important to understand these reasons to improve the sad state of ADR reporting in India. The present study was carried out to study awareness about ADR and ADR reporting among private practitioners (PPs) and prescribers in government hospitals (PGHs) and to get some feedback and suggestions from them for improving the same. A total of 200 doctors of different clinical disciplines working in government setup (100) or private setup (100) in Delhi were included in the study. Each doctor was given a questionnaire to answer. The responses to the questionnaire were studied under three sections: (i) assessment of ADR and ADR reporting awareness, (ii) ADR feedback data, (iii) suggestions to improve ADR knowledge and its reporting. The responses of the two groups were analysed and compared with each other using the chi-square test. There was a lack of general awareness about adverse drug reactions and the factors that can lead to ADRs among the doctors in the present study. The overall knowledge of ADR reporting was also very poor in both the groups. Only 15 PPs and 3 PGHs knew where to report a suspected ADR and less than one third in both cases knew which ADR to report and the information to be included while reporting an ADR. Ignorance and lack of resources were voted the most important barriers in reporting ADRs in India while spontaneous reporting was ticked as the method of choice for ADR reporting by 66% PPs and 81% PGHs. There were only a few significant differences in awareness between the two groups. The present state of unawareness of ADRs and their reporting can be improved by incorporating the suggestions given by the doctors themselves in the present study, i.e. establishment of more ADR reporting and monitoring centres, more CMEs and workshops to create awareness, a multi-disciplinary team approach in reporting ADRs and legalized ADR monitoring of their products by the pharmaceutical companies.
Patient safety in hospitals
Authors: Cuperus-Bosma J.M. , Wagner C. , van der Wal G.
Published: December 2024

In various studies outside the Netherlands, it has been shown that a substantial number of patients suffer some kind of injury during their treatment in a hospital. The incidence of these so-called adverse events varies between 2.9% and 16.6%; of these, estimates between more than a quarter and up to half are considered to have been avoidable. Preventable adverse events can offer a starting point for interventions to increase patient safety. Therefore, a study has been initiated in Dutch hospitals investigating the nature and extent of adverse events and their causes. Important goals of the study are to reach a consensus on basic concepts and to improve the research methodology.
The Dutch disciplinary system for physiotherapists: Practice and views
Authors: Hout F.A.G. , Cuperus-Bosma J.M. , Hubben J.H. , van der Wal G.
Published: December 2024

The statutory disciplinary system for physiotherapists in the Netherlands was introduced at the end of 1997. The aim of this system is to monitor the quality of physiotherapy. All the complaints that were dealt with by the five regional disciplinary boards in the period 1998–2002 were studied with regard to the number and nature of the complaints, the complainants, the accused and the verdicts. Furthermore, questionnaires were sent to 300 physiotherapists working in primary health care were asked about their views on the statutory disciplinary system (response 76%). During the study period 33 complaints were made about physiotherapists. The annual number of accused physiotherapists increased from zero in 1998 to 11 in 2002. Male physiotherapists were accused relatively more often than their female colleagues. A sanction was imposed 11 times (33% of the verdicts), mostly a reprimand or suspension. Most complaints concerned sexual intimacies or abuse. The statutory disciplinary system appears to be an important corrective instrument by imposing sanctions for serious forms of professional misconduct in physiotherapy. However, with regard to the development of standards for other aspects of the profession, i.e. treatment and advice, the system (still) plays a limited role.
Fundamentals of internal medicine
Authors: Stehouwer C.D.A.
Published: December 2024

The most important diagnostic tools available to the internist are the patient history and physical examination, after which a plan must be made for further diagnostic evaluation and treatment. For this the internist uses clinical reasoning based on his or her knowledge of evidence-based medicine and pathobiology. Pathobiology is primarily concerned with the question of how something works; evidence-based medicine is concerned with whether something works, and if so, how often or how much on average. Diseases do not exist in their own right and diagnostic criteria are based on consensus. A diagnosis of a ‘disease’ is based on observations of patients as well as our opinions, be they right or wrong, regarding its causes. It is important to distinguish between ‘partial causes’ and a ‘causative complement’. Because of these concepts, the biological relevance of a partial cause in the development of a disease cannot be derived from the strength of the link between it and the disease. Our opinions regarding the cause of disease appear to be based on induction. However, induction is not a good foundation from which to determine causation. Hypotheses on the causes of disease cannot be proved. They can, however, be refuted. Education, training, research and patient care all depend on effective communication. Communication is enhanced if the thesis is provided first followed by the arguments to support it. Hence, transfer of patient information such as during a morning report should begin with a working diagnosis (the ‘thesis’) and thereafter the findings of patient history and other relevant data (the ‘arguments’). At the present time, too little attention is devoted in education and continuing education in internal medicine to these aspects of clinical reasoning and communication.
The globalisation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the rights of the child
Authors: Kean Brian Anthony
Published: December 2024

With emerging globalisation and increase in use of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis resulting in reliance upon psychotropic drugs, particularly amphetamine for the behaviour modification, consideration of the rights and interests of the child must be paramount. This article documents the emerging globalisation of the ADHD diagnosis and problems associated with the ADHD diagnosis. The claims and counter-claims in relation to efficacy and safety of treatment are delineated. Discussion of medical and sociological issues suggest that it is time for the ADHD phenomenon to be brought under the scrutiny of an independent international inquiry to establish the real nature of risks and threats associated with the diagnosis and treatment by drugs to modify the behaviour of children. The conclusions also suggest that research needs to be supported for the further development of non-drug based interventions for children in need and also to investigate the long-term risks associated with drug treatments of children labelled as ADHD.
Claim and counterclaim: The treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) – Preventing or contributing to the development of Substance Use Disorder (SUD)?
Authors: Kean Brian
Published: December 2024

This article is dedicated to the Memory of Professor Nadine Lambert, October 21 1926 – April 26 2006. There is a paradox that the amphetamine class of drugs used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are also abused widely in society. This article reviews possible legal issues related to the topic and the historical discourse concerning addiction associated with the use of amphetamines and methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, Lambert's theories and the research counterclaims that are used to support the pharmaceutical manufacturer's report that ‘adequate treatment of ADHD may reduce the risk of substance abuse’. There are limitations in the Lambert studies and also limitations with other studies in the area. Further research and independent scientific and statistical analyses are required to determine any definitive conclusion. The author concludes that the claim and counterclaims cannot easily be resolved without a significant independent international inquiry.
Detecting medication errors in pharmacovigilance database: Capacities and limits
Authors: Alj L. , Touzani M.D.W. , Benkirane R. , Edwards I.R. , Soulaymani R.
Published: December 2024

Background: Following the Institute of Medicine report on medication errors, pharmacovigilance activity is focusing more on patient safety. The aim of this study is to assess the ability to collect and identify Medication Errors “ME” from Adverse Drug Events “ADRs” reported to Pharmacovigilance Centre of Morocco.

Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of ADEs reported to Pharmacovigilance Centre of Morocco from 2003 to 2006.

Results: 1300 cases of ADEs were reported to the Moroccan Pharmacovigilance Centre of which 14.4% (n=187) were considered as preventable. ME associated with preventable ADEs “pADEs” and related to the medication use system, occurred most often at the stage of prescribing (36.3%), and administration (34.8%). Regarding the type of ME, most of them were related to dose errors (49.3%) following by therapeutic and clinic monitoring errors (15.9%). Among the pADEs, 41.7% were serious and the outcome was favourable in 93%.

Conclusion: Mutual cooperation between various source organizations is key for detecting ME and building an extensive database. The database will helps identify situations that are most prone to errors, and hence define preventive strategies. Thus, the quality of health care delivery is more likely to improve, thereby ensuring patient safety.
Exposure to SSRI antidepressants in utero causes birth defects, neonatal withdrawal symptoms and brain damage
Authors: Breggin Peter R. , Breggin Ginger
Published: December 2024

Pregnant women should avoid taking SSRI antidepressants – they are hazardous to the developing fetus, cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn baby, and induce biochemical and morphological abnormalities in the brain. If pregnant mothers need help with sad or anxious feelings, they should seek counseling or psychotherapy, especially family therapy involving the child's father, as well as other sources of emotional support.
Diabetes in pregnancy: A clinical audit of cases delivered in the Maltese Islands during 1999–2004
Authors: Savona-Ventura C. , Zammit K. , Grima S. , Ellul A. , Gatt M.
Published: December 2024

In spite of several advances made in the last two decades in obstetric management, diabetes complicating pregnancy remains a high risk obstetric situation irrespective of whether the medical condition is pre-existing (pre-DM) or develops during pregnancy (GDM). The study reviews the outcome parameters of pre-DM (maternities = 98; infants born = 106) and GDM (mat. = 480; infants = 498) and compares these to those presumed to have normal metabolic profiles (mat. = 23668; infants = 23993) who delivered in the Maltese Islands during the six-year period 1999–2004. The study confirms that pre-DM carries definite obstetric morbidity risks for the mother and child – the mother showing significantly higher incidences of hypertensive disease and need for Caesarean delivery; while the infant shows a significantly higher morbidity arising from prematurity and attendant complications of low Apgar scores and respiratory distress. There was also a significant risk of macrosomia in these infants; congential malformations were only slightly increased though the difference did not show statistical significance. GDM similarly showed significant obstetric maternal morbidity risks with a significantly higher incidence of hypertensive disease, induction of labour and Caesarean deliveries. The infant similarly had significantly higher risks from prematurity, respiratory distress and macrosomia. The study confirms that in spite of the increased obstetric and metabolic intervention, the diabetic mother and her child remain at significant obstetric morbidity risks. St. Vincent's Declaration goal for diabetic pregnancies has yet to be achieved and may have been overambitious.
Fatigue in Parkinson’s disease and potential interventions
Authors: Lou Jau-Shin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It occurs at every stage of PD and affects quality of life. Fatigue severity worsens over time as PD progresses, and it is associated with other non-motor symptoms such as apathy, depression, sleep disorder, and cognitive dysfunction.

PURPOSE: In this literature review, I discuss the measurement and pathophysiology of fatigue and fatigability. There are no evidence-based treatments for fatigue and fatigability available. I review several pilot studies on the effects of pharmacological agents and exercise on fatigue and fatigability. These studies provide some insights on the design of future larger clinical trials.

CONCLUSION: Fatigue inventories including The Fatigue Severity Scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, or theParkinson Fatigue Scale are used to assess the severity of fatigue. Finger tapping and force generation are useful in quantifying physical fatigability. A reaction time paradigm such as the Attention Network Test can be used to measure cognitive fatigability. Physical fatigability is associated with the change in cortical excitability in PD measured by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Cognitive fatigability is most likely associated with the neurotransmitter abnormalities (dopaminergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic) in PD. Levodopa, modafanil, methylphenidate, and rasagiline may be effective in treating fatigue and fatigability. Exercise programs may also be effective.
Accelerating Vision Diffusion Transformers with Skip Branches
Authors: Chen Guanjie , Zhao Xinyu
Published: December 2024

Diffusion Transformers (DiT), an emerging image and video generation model architecture, has demonstrated great potential because of its high generation quality and scalability. Despite the impressive performance, its practical deployment is constrained by computational complexity and redundancy in the sequential denoising process. While feature caching across timesteps has proven effective in accelerating diffusion models, its application to DiT is limited by fundamental architectural differences from U-Net-based approaches. Through empirical analysis of DiT feature dynamics, we identify that significant feature variation between DiT blocks presents a key challenge for feature reusability. To address this, we convert standard DiT into Skip-DiT  with skip branches to enhance feature smoothness. Further, we introduce Skip-Cache  which utilizes the skip branches to cache DiT features across timesteps at the inference time. We validated the effectiveness of our proposal on different DiT backbones for video and image generation, showcasing skip branches to help preserve generation quality and achieve higher speedup. Experimental results indicate that Skip-DiT achieves a \(1.5 \times\) speedup almost for free and a \(2.2 \times\) speedup with only a minor reduction in quantitative metrics. Code is available at https://github.com/OpenSparseLLMs/Skip-DiT.git.
Are Transformers Truly Foundational for Robotics?
Authors: Marshall James A. R. , Barron Andrew B.
Published: December 2024

Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPTs) are hyped to revolutionize robotics. Here we question their utility. GPTs for autonomous robotics demand enormous and costly compute, excessive training times and (often) offboard wireless control. We contrast GPT state of the art with how tiny insect brains have achieved robust autonomy with none of these constraints. We highlight lessons that can be learned from biology to enhance the utility of GPTs in robotics.
El desarrollo como terricidio: zonas de sacrificio y extractivismo como política de Es-tado en México
Authors: Tornel Carlos
Published: December 2024

La declaración de Zonas Económicas Especiales (zee) de México en 2017 marcó un cambio territorial con amplias implicaciones geopolíticas. Surgiendo de reformas neoliberales iniciadas en 1992, el establecimiento de zee representa la culminación de tres décadas durante las cuales las políticas estatales mexicanas priorizaron cada vez más la extracción de hidrocarburos y minerales. La proliferación de zee, o 'polos de desarrollo', subraya una expansión simultánea de zonas de sacrificio (zs): lugares abandonados, contaminados, invisibles o eliminados en la búsqueda de bienes abstractos, como el crecimiento económico, el progreso y el desarrollo sostenible o la descarbonización. Con base en la literatura académica y 21 entrevistas semiestructuradas, este artículo demuestra cómo diversas formas de extractivismo –material, 'verde', epistémico, ontológico– continúan moldeando la política espacial en México. Además, proporciona una categorización sistemática de ZS existentes, emergentes, 'verdes' e 'indirectas', mientras el Estado perpetúa el extractivismo y el terricidio.
Marxismo Abierto
Authors: Holloway John
Published: December 2024

Una nota introductoria sobre el Marxismo Abierto como apuesta teórica y política, enfocada sobre todo en el significado de la lógica del capital.
Boletín Económico Regional : Nororiente, III trimestre de 2024
Authors:   Sección de Economías Regionales,   Departamento Técnico y de Información Económica
Published: December 2024

En el tercer trimestre, la actividad económica de Nororiente creció anualmente, reflejo del aumento de las ventas del comercio, la comercialización de vivienda nueva, la demanda de energía regulada y las importaciones, en parte favorecidos por menores tasas de interés y un ingreso de remesas histórico. La recuperación también se vio impulsada por la mayor producción agrícola y por algunos rubros de la industria, en especial de refinados de petróleo, que dinamizaron el transporte de carga pese al paro camionero. Sin embargo, las variables de la construcción siguieron mostrando resultados negativos en edificaciones y obras civiles. En el comercio exterior, se destacaron las exportaciones hacia Venezuela, que duplicaron el registro de un año atrás. La inflación continuó descendiendo, aunque por encima de la meta del 3,0 %. La tasa de desempleo subió en todas las capitales de la región, mientras que el número de ocupados solo creció en Cúcuta.
Perdamaian Aceh Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syariah
Authors: Danial
Published: December 2024

Peace in Aceh is the aspiration of the people of Aceh and the Indonesian nation to get out of the protracted civil conflict. This research examines Aceh's peace from the perspective of maqasid sharia. This article is a qualitative study with a sharia maqasid approach. The data used in this study is divided into two, primary data and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from the al-Quran, while the secondary data was obtained from books, journals, and other articles related to the selected title. The research shows that peace in Aceh is still at the lowest level of the four dictions for peace used in the al-Quran; salam, sulhu, dzimmah and aman. This is because the peace in Aceh is still at the boundary of resolving disputes between two or more disputing parties. Then the maqasid sharia index in the aftermath of Aceh's peace is still on the mere maintenance of religion (din) and soul (nafs). There are still many empty spaces that need to be of concern to the government and society so that peace in Aceh is by maqasid sharia.
Determinants of Government Procurement Fraud Prevention with Organizational Commitment and Ethical Culture as Moderating Variables
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Ulfah Sitti Mukhtia , Rusydi Mohamad Khoiru ,   Brawijaya University, Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya ,   Brawijaya University
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the various factors that influence the prevention of procurement fraud, including the implementation of the Anti-Bribery Management System (ABMS), Government Internal Control System (SPIP), and the role of the Internal Compliance Unit (UKI), with organizational commitment and ethical culture as moderators. It employs a quantitative causal approach, with data collected through surveys and analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate that the implementation of ABMS, SPIP, and UKI positively impacts the prevention of procurement fraud. Organizational commitment and ethical culture strengthen the influence of SPIP implementation, while ethical culture weakens the role of UKI in preventing fraud. ABMS, SPIP, and UKI are crucial in fraud prevention, but their effectiveness is enhanced by a strong commitment to ethics. While organizational commitment strengthens SPIP's preventive effects, a strong ethical culture may reduce the reliance on UKI in fraud prevention. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive anti-fraud measures such as the implementation of ABMS, SPIP, and the establishment of UKI in preventing procurement fraud.
Financial Performance Evaluation of Fast-Food Restaurant
Authors:   Women University Bagh, Zahra Munazza , Baliyan Meenu ,   IMS Engineering College, Tan Jasmine ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Tan Hooi Jin ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Tan Xin Way ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nordin Siti Nazatul Huda Binti ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kee Daisy Mui Hung ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: December 2024

This study examines McDonald's financial performance from 2019 to 2023, focusing on key financial metrics such as profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity, solvency, and cash flow. The objective is to assess McDonald's financial health and identify factors contributing to its sustained market leadership in the fast-food industry. Using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, the study evaluates McDonald's financial ratios, including operating profit margin, return on assets, inventory turnover, and current ratio, among others. The results reveal strong profitability and effective cost control, with a consistent operating profit margin and robust asset management. McDonald's liquidity is sufficient to meet short-term obligations, and its prudent debt management reflects financial stability. The company’s investment in digital transformation and operational improvements, such as streamlined inventory management and enhanced customer engagement, have further contributed to its financial resilience. In conclusion, McDonald's has demonstrated adaptability and resilience amidst external challenges, ensuring continued financial success. The study suggests that McDonald's should continue investing in digital platforms and menu innovation to meet evolving customer preferences. The implications of these findings are significant for the fast-food industry, highlighting the importance of strategic financial management in maintaining market leadership and long-term growth
The Analysis of Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior in COVID-19 Pandemic: The Study of Indonesian Millenial Generation
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Abdi Tufail Rosyad , Ismail Munawar ,   Brawijaya University, Satria Dias ,   Brawijaya University
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant shifts in consumer behavior, particularly in terms of shopping preferences and behavior, with a marked increase in online shopping. This study aims to re-examine the factors influencing online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by integrating the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Cognitive Biases. The study focuses on Indonesian Millennials as the target population. Data analysis is conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that cognitive bias, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms influence individuals' intentions to shop online. However, attitudes toward use and perceived behavioral control (PBC) do not influence individuals' intentions to shop online. Finally, the results indicate that individuals' intentions to shop online impact actual online shopping behavior. The higher the individual's intention to shop online, the more certain they are to do so during the pandemic
Good Corporate Governance Principles and Performance of Local Finance Institutions
Authors:   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Suryandari Ni Nyoman Ayu , Wangi Ni Luh Ayu Sekar ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Oktaviani Ni Kadek ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Trisnayuni Komang Ayu Sintha ,   University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to find empirical results on the influence of GCG principles on the performance of local finance institutions in Bali. The local finance institution in Bali is popular called Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD). The GCG principles used in this study are transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness. The population in this study was 557 employees. There are 102 respondents collected using the purposive sampling method which consists of the head of LPD, the head of the supervisory board, and the head of the accounting of each LPD in Denpasar. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that independence positively influences the performance of LPD. In contrast, transparency, accountability, responsibility, and fairness do not affect LPD performance. The LPD’s management has an important role in increasing the principle of independence because independence has the most dominant influence on the performance of LPD in Denpasar