bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of shoreline changes concerning the existence of mangrove in Takalar Regency
Authors: Inaku Dwi Fajriyati , Nurdin Nurjannah , Satari Dewi Yanuarita
Published: October 2020

Coastal is an area that vulnerable to change, especially along the shoreline. The changes can occur in the form of abrasion and or accretion. Many factors could be the causes of shoreline changes; one of them is the existence of a mangrove ecosystem. Physically, the function of the mangrove ecosystem is to protect the coastal area from the wave, which can cause an abrasion. It also functions as a sediment trap, which leads to the accretion. The aim of this research is to know the relationship between the existence of mangrove and the shoreline changes along with the Takalar Regency. This research was comparing two years of Landsat Imagery (1998 and 2018) to map the mangrove and the shoreline. The shoreline changes were analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) application. Meanwhile, the mangrove density was analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis. Results show that for 20 years, shoreline changes caused by abrasion was 147,03 m or 7,38 m/year, and changes caused by accretion was 135,34 m or 6,79 m/year. Mangrove area has increased 63,76 Ha along the Takalar Regency shoreline during these 20 years. The relationship analysis between shoreline changes with mangrove density was done using regression analysis. The coefficient regression shows a positive relation, which means there were influences between shoreline changes and mangrove density, but the significant value was 0,25, bigger than 0,05, which indicates there is another significant factor that is more affected the Takalar Regency shoreline beside the mangrove density.
Analysis of actors in the management of Lantebung mangrove ecotourism, Bira village, Tamalanrea district, Makassar city
Authors: Kurniawan M A , Yusran Y , Sabar A
Published: October 2020

Lantebung mangrove ecotourism area has now been designated as a conservation and protection area for coastal ecosystems. The management of the Lantebung mangrove ecotourism area is inseparable from various parties, both from the government and the community around the ecotourism area, to support the success of mangrove ecotourism management. This study aims: to determine the role and interests of each actor in the management of the Lantebung mangrove ecotourism area. The data collection method is used in three stages, namely: snowball samplin method, data triagulation and data verification is done by content analysis. The data analysis stage of this research: identification of actors and their roles, analysis of the interests of the actors and mapping of the interests and effects of each actor. The results showed that the actors involved were Jekomala, Lurah Bira, Makassar city tourism office, fishermen group, marine and fisheries service of South Sulawesi, analysis of interests contained in the Green Belt, biodiversity, education and tourism. Mapping the interests and influence of Keyplayers : Jekomala, Makassar city tourism office, context setter: marine and fisheries service, Birah urban village, subject: Lantebung fishermen group.
Introduction of marine ecosystem and conservation as a form of early childhood education: a preliminary study
Authors: Moka W J C
Published: October 2020

Marine environment is one of the world parts that affected by the human activities. Overexploitation, pollution and marine debris are some problems faced globally. The issues are caused by human behaviors and actions, intentionally or accidentally. However, not every person in the world realize the problems in marine environment. The objective of this study is to found out about how far parents were already introduce the marine conservation as early education for the children. The data was collected through questionnaire and analyze with simple math analysis. Results shows that not every parent join in marine conservation program and so do their children. However, most parents were already introducing the marine ecosystem and the importance of marine conservation to their children since early age.
Developments carrying capacity land of settlement in the Suburban of Mamminasata, Maros Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Asfan L M , Afandi M F , Rismayanti
Published: October 2020

The growth of Makassar city as a national activity center of Mamminasata Metropolitan produces a high current of urbanization so that development leads to a suburban area which is one of which is in Maros Regency, which functions as the satellite city of Mamminasata. Population growth will certainly require shelter as one of the mandatory needs of the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the carrying capacity land of settlement in the suburban area of Mamminasata, especially the Maros Regency. The method in calculating the carrying capacity of the land is by comparing the supply and demand of settlement land. Land suitable for settlement development is 109,052 hectares, while the need for settlement of land in the next 20 years (2038) is 5,572 hectares. The conclusion of the study is the carrying capacity land of settlement in the suburban area of Mamminasata, which is still in a state of surplus, meaning that there is still a lot of lands that can be developed as settlements in line with the development of new cities in the periphery as anticipation of settlement land needs that cannot be met in Makassar City.
Analysis of water carrying capacity in Pulubala sub-watershed, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Maulana K M , Lihawa F , Maryati S
Published: October 2020

Government Regulation No. 37 of 2012 mandates that to prevent the decline in the carrying capacity of a watershed, it is necessary to increase the carrying capacity of the watershed. The carrying capacity of a watershed is the ability of a watershed to realize the sustainability and harmony of ecosystems and the increasing use of natural resources for humans and other living things in a sustainable manner. Minister of the Environment Regulation No. 17 of 2009 mandates that in carrying out the calculation of environmental carrying capacity, there are two carrying capacities that must be calculated, namely the carrying capacity of food and carrying capacity of water. Water carrying capacity is the potential contained in water and / or in water sources that can provide benefits or harms to human life and livelihoods and the environment. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of water in Pulubala Sub-watershed, Gorontalo District. This research uses the method of calculating the carrying capacity of water through the availability of water and the need for water which is calculated based on the guidelines for the preparation of environmental carrying capacity in the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 17 of 2009, and added with some calculations for the needs of agriculture (rice fields), industry, and animal husbandry. Pulubala watershed covers 4 sub-districts, namely Bongomeme District, Dungaliyo District, Pulubala District and Tibawa District. From the results of the analysis, the carrying capacity of water in Bongomeme District in 2016 was 0.59, in 2017 it was 0.70, in 2018 it was 0.69. Water carrying capacity in Dungaliyo District in 2016 was 0.46, in 2017 it was 0.54, in 2018 it was 0.46. Water carrying capacity in Pulubala District in 2016 amounted to 1.15, in 2017 amounted to 1.34, in 2018 amounted to 1.24. Water carrying capacity in the District of Tibawa in 2016 was 0.51, in 2017 it was 0.62, and in 2018 it was 0.57. The water carrying capacity in the Pulubala Sub-watershed is exceeded (carrying capacity <1) and conditional safety (carrying capacity between 1-2).
Study of wastewater treatment for fulfilment of clean water
Authors: Yudhantoro W A , Martono D N , Utomo S W
Published: October 2020

The problem of the need for clean water is one of the issues that occur in urban areas due to an increase in urbanization from time to time. Jakarta, with the most populous population in Indonesia, causes the need for clean water in this city to increase. The fulfillment of clean water is one indicator of sustainable development. The method of water pollution is generally described by the pollution caused by industrial activities and various types of human activities. Usually, the process of pollution occurs in the form of colour pollution to particulate matter pollution resulting from various activities. Some things in the effort to meet the needs of clean water continue to experience growth. Processing to reuse water into clean water is one of the efforts that can be done. Membrane bioreactor is one method of processing wastewater to get an ideal condition like clean water. This research was conducted to find out how the potential of wastewater that has been previously treated is carried out by another treatment into clean water. The results were based on a literature study to see the potential of the wastewater process to be clean water by using membrane bioreactors.
The Miocene (25.2 – 5.6 million years ago) climate changes recorded by foraminifera and nannofossils assemblages in Bogor Basin, Western Java
Authors: Isnaniawardhani Vijaya , Rivaldy Mohammad , Ismawan  , Sophian Raden Irvan , Andyastiya Annisa Sylvani
Published: October 2020

The Miocene composite sections reveal that a bathyal to the inner neritic setting (20 - 500 m sea level depth) was being filled dominantly by fine siliciclastic, which deposited in fluctuate of warm to a temperate climate. The quantitative data of total abundancy, species number, marker species ratio, shell coiling direction ratio and size guided to sea surface temperature realms. The warm zone was determined based on high total abundance and diversity, a high frequency of foraminifera and nannofossil tropical marker species, dominated by dextral coiling direction, and relatively big size-specific foraminifera taxa. On the contrary, warm temperate zones were identified by lower total abundance and diversity. In the lower part, the sediments contain medium to high -abundance and -diversity of foraminifera as well as nannofossil assemblages indicated a warm climate at the Earliest Miocene (25.2-24 Ma). The low -total abundancy and -species number that indicates a decrease in temperature were recorded until the earliest Middle Miocene (24-20 Ma). The dominance ofOrbulinagroup with a high frequency of tropical species marker (Globoquadrina altispira, G. globosa, Globigerinoides trilobus, G. sacculiferusandDiscoastergroup) indicated significant increase in temperature. The optimum of total- and individual- abundance along with the dominated of big size-Orbulina,increased tropical foraminifera, and nannofossil species markers indicate a warm climate at Middle Miocene (16-13.8 Ma). The decreased dextral relative shell coiling ratio ofGloborotalia menardiiandGloborotalia acostaensis,abundance and diversity of assemblages or taxa markers that indicate the temperature decrease is recorded in Late Miocene interval several times. An increased number ofCalcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster challengeri, D. variabilis, andHayaster perplexus, the less -total abundance and -diversity indicated a warm temperate climate (10 to 6.2 Ma). It is considered to correlate with the global glaciation period.
Roles of waste pre-treatment unit to support waste to energy sustainability
Authors: Yuliani M , Utomo S W , Wahyono S
Published: October 2020

Improper waste management in big cities, especially DKI Jakarta, causes increasing the burden of the landfill so that it becomes full quickly. It is very troublesome to find land for a new landfill because there has been a lot of land use as residences. The result is an increase in the amount of waste that is discharged outside the landfill causing environmental damage and danger to human health. Waste processing with using thermal technology (Waste to Energy/WtE) is one alternative to overcome these problems. Since the condition of waste in Indonesia is mixed waste and most types of waste are organic waste, it is necessary to pre-process waste before waste enters the incinerator. The waste pre-treatment unit has any significant roles in the sustainability of WtE. There have not been many previous studies that explain this role. The purpose of this paper is to study the significant roles using the study of literature. These roles include: 1) improve the waste quality that will enter the incineration process; 2) reduce the Plant capacity so that it can reduce the WtE’s total costs; 3) facilitate waste hierarchy approach in WtE Pilot Project activities.
The effect of the addition of mangrove wood charcoal to reduce sulfur content in coal
Authors: Rahman R , Widodo S , Azikin B , Tahir D
Published: October 2020

Coal in Sulawesi, especially in South Sulawesi, has several shortcomings since it contains sulfur and produces a high ash content that affects the environment. Desulphurization with High-Temperature Combustion Methods is a sulfur content analysis method using the SC-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer coal tool, which is one of the methods used to reduce sulfur in coal. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained: a mixture of coal with mangrove wood charcoal with the composition of 25% Sin coal + 75% MWC = 0.067% sulfur content, 50% Sin coal + 50% MWC = 0.089% sulfur content and 75% Sin coal + 25% MWC = 0.107% sulfur content. These results indicate that the more addition of mangrove charcoal, the lower sulfur content in the coal. Decreasing sulfur content can improve the quality of the coal produced, especially in combustion systems that affect the environment.
Coconut oil purification using two different concentrations of activated charcoal
Authors: Sitorus R Z S , Djalal M , Zainal  , Laga A
Published: October 2020

The coconut oil that is traditionally processed is made by the heating process and normally is not neutralized. To obtain the standardized quality of oil, it is necessary to perform purification to the traditionally processed oil. The specific purpose of this study was to obtain the most effective concentration of charcoal to increase the clarity of coconut oil as well as to remove the particle non-oil like water and free fatty acids. This study using two kinds of different concentration of activated charcoal which was 1% and 1.5%. To test the quality of the oil several measurements was performed which were moisture clarity level, moisture content, and free fatty acids content. The results showed the best amount of active charcoal used in the refining process of coconut oil is at a concentration of 1.5% with a clarity level of 97.83T, moisture content of 0.016%, and free fatty acid 0.006%.
Interaction between the European Union’s renewable energy directives and Indonesia’s sustainable palm oil policy
Authors: Kartika I T , Cangara A R , Nasrun M , Darwis  , Marifat I D N
Published: October 2020

This research shows that Indonesia is highly influenced and affected by the European Union’s actions and so otherwise. Such a premise is proven by the impact of which the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED) policy has manifested in the form of entrance restriction for Indonesian palm oil into the European Union. As a response to anticipate RED’s further impact, Indonesia then launched a strategy to prevent Indonesia’s export turbulences to Europe, known as Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). The interaction between RED and ISPO is evident and can be seen through the adjustment process of ISPO’s containments to suit RED’s. Although details of clauses in RED and ISPO are not entirely similar, both were launched based on the same assumption; as a participatory act in the reduction of emissions and sustainability of palm oil.
The impact of the European Union (EU) renewable energy directive policy on the management of Indonesian palm oil industry
Authors: Arief R A , Cangara A R , Badu M N , Baharuddin A , Apriliani A
Published: October 2020

This research aims to analyse 1) the interest of the European Union on Renewable Energy Directive; 2) the protection forms of the European Union on Renewable Energy Directive toward Indonesian Palm Oil; 3) the transformation of Indonesia palm oil managerial after of European Union Renewable Energy Directive. The result of this research shows that there is two interest of the European Union in implementing the policy of Renewable Energy Directive, that is in environment protection with simultaneous criteria and palm oil protection in European unions. It is found that trading protection towards Indonesian palm oil is a form of green protectionism. This protection then implements non-tariff protection as a form of trade barrier. It impacts palm oil exports from Indonesia to the European Union. This protection influenced the policy transformation of palm oil management in Indonesia. The policies are RSPO, ISPO, Presidential Directive on Primary Forest and Peatland, and Presidential Directive on Moratorium and Forest Land Allocation. This research proves that palm oil production in Indonesia changed after the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive in the European Union. This improvement of palm oil production proves that the policy is influenced by the market drives and not an only environmental issue.
Mapping of carbon absorption based on land use in upstream of Jeneberang watershed
Authors: Pahar S P P , Nursaputra M
Published: October 2020

This study aims to map land cover based on satellite imagery and identify carbon absorption in various land-use patterns. Data is collected by the observation method in the field and direct measurement based on the diameter of the tree to get the value of biomass. Biomass calculations are done using allometric equations, while carbon absorption values are calculated using IPCC GL 2006 software. The results of the study show that the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed based on Alos imagery is dominated by dry land agriculture 48.94%, paddy 17.79%, shrubs 13.77%, and secondary forests 8.94% of the total area. Primary forest, secondary forest, and plantation forest are the biggest carbon storage areas in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed. Based on the IPCC GL 2006 software, primary forests, secondary forests, and plantations have carbon sinks of 42.08, 14.42, and 5.23 tons/ha/year, respectively.
Esthetic, integrated, smart and green trash bin for public space: A review
Authors: Fauziah  , Bakri I
Published: October 2020

Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, markets, and various industries. Trash consists of various types, forms, and sources. A trash can be a problem because it causes a health problem for human and air pollution. At this time, the awareness of throw the trash to the trash bin still lacks considering especially in public areas. This case is caused by a dirty trash bin, smelly, and neglected. The purpose of this literature review is to find out the theoretical framework to design trash bins in public areas, which managed in an integrated manner so that these problems are not found anymore. The method used in reviewing this paper is by entering keywords trash bin, smart trash IoT, integrated trash bin, and related to trash bin design on google scholar and ScienceDirect, which published in 2015-2019.
The threat to the cave wall paintings in prehistoric bulu sipong I Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusriana  , Muda Khadijah Thahir , Rustan  , Susant Dewi
Published: October 2020

Leang Bulu Sipong I Pangkep Regency is one of the prehistoric caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst area of South Sulawesi Province, which contains remnants of past human culture. One of the archaeological remains is the cave paintings. Prehistoric cave locations that are very close to the cement (factory) industry caused concern about the cave threats. This paper aims to provide an overview of the remains of paintings in Leang Bulu Sipong I and the existing conditions of the paintings. In addition, this paper also illustrates the monitoring efforts that have been carried out by the authorities in the preservation of prehistoric caves in the Maros-Pangkep area. The method used is descriptive-analytic through the stages of desktop study and field observation. The results showed that Leang Bulu Sipong I Pangkep had varied and interesting cave paintings consisting of handstamp, fauna painting, and human-like paintings with hunting scenes, but unfortunately, the condition of the painting is currently experiencing peeling which is quite alarming. The efforts that have been made related to maintaining sustainability are periodic monitoring and cave closure for general visitors.
Quantitative analysis of the fertility level of the fishing community in the coastal environment of the Kolakasi and Anowoi Districts
Authors: Rauf Rusdiaman , Wijaya Hengki , Kadir A R
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the comparison of the fertility of the fishing communities in the coastal environment in the Kolakasi and Anawoi Sub-districts and study the relationship and influence of residence, Education, Income, Age of First Marriage, and the use of contraceptive tools on the fertility of the fishing community. The study population was women with marital status aged 15 - 49 years. The sample of this research is those located in the Kolakasi and Anawoi district, with simple random sampling. The results of this study indicate that only education variables, namely not graduating from elementary/graduating from elementary school, have significant relationships and affect the parturition of the fishing community. Other independent variables such as residence, income, age of first marriage, and use of contraception have no relationship and influence on the parity of the fishing community in the Kolakasi and Anawoi Kelurahan.
The half-dead of earth
Authors: Utaminingsih N , Cangara A R
Published: October 2020

Our earth must accommodate about 381 million tons of waste per year. Indonesia’s waste burden per se has increased 190-fold in just 65 years in 2015. Of this total, Indonesia accounts for around 64 million tons of waste per year, and not until 5% is recycled, and the rest is burned, thrown into the landfill, and the sea. Waste is an environmental issue that affects the economic sector, health, social welfare, and to the existence of a country in the global political ecology map. Therefore, it needs to be addressed seriously. The potential of world waste production contributed by the Southeast Asian region, and more precisely, Indonesia is a phenomenon under study. This research then employs a literature review method and use concepts and theories about the environment as a global issue in International Relations (IR) and International Development studies as analytical tools to explore the issue qualitatively. This research then found that Indonesia has shown its commitment to deal with the plastic waste problem by implementing Indonesia’s National Action Plan (RAN) in Marine Waste Management up to 2025, with a target of reducing waste by 30% and waste management by 70%. Seriousness is needed in implementing this solution. One of them is more serious in the development of landfill gas in the world Waste to Energy (WtE) project. It is a pivotal step to eliminate the risks of the social cost of development and to realize the targets of environmentally sustainable development. Indonesia, thus, must be brave enough to contribute to helping the earth, which is half-dead in serving human progression.
An algorithm for automatic grasping an UHF RFID passive tag
Authors: DiGiampaolo Emidio , Martinelli Francesco
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes an automatic system which allows a mobile robot to reach a tagged object in an unknown environment, exploiting the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology. It is assumed that the robot has an odometry system (e.g., wheel encoders) and an RFID reader which provides it with phase-shift measurements of the RFID signal backscattered by the tagged object. Since phases are ambiguous measurements of the tag-reader distance, a Multi-Hypothesis Extended Kalman Filter is proposed to on-line extract, by fusing phase measurements with odometry readings, the range and the bearing of the unknown tag. Once the relative position of the tag is known, a control algorithm is applied to drive the robot toward the desired destination. Numerical results are reported to illustrate the approach.
Multiphysics design and optimization of a vibration-based energy harvester from pantograph-catenary interaction
Authors: Genovese A , Schiano S , Strano S , Terzo M , Iodice M , Indolfi M , Coppola G
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the design of a vibration-based energy harvester mounted on the railway pantograph is discussed. The system aims to feed the diagnostic system of the pantograph-catenary interaction by recovering energy from the vibrations of the pantograph head itself. The design of the system is developed through a multiphysics finite element model, parametrized by means of experimental tests. The performance of the optimized solution, in terms of generated power, highlights the affability of the proposed solution.
Multifunctional Carbon Fiber Composite with Improved Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Characteristics
Authors: Abdelal Nisrin R
Published: October 2020

In this study, multifunctional carbon fiber-epoxy composites with improved electromagnetic interference shielding and interlaminar fracture toughness were manufactured. The interest in manufacturing multifunctional composites has been driven by the need for materials that simultaneously perform structural and non-structural functions. Unidirectional carbon fiber-epoxy composite laminates stitched with Dyneema13, Copper, and Kevlar13 were prepared using resin infusion process. Representative specimens from the unstitched and the stitched composites were tested using rectangular waveguide and Mode I interlaminar fracture tests. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness experimental results showed that stitched composites exhibited improved shielding effectiveness compared to unstitched composites. For example, composite stitched with copper showed the highest increase of 102.2% in shielding effectiveness whereas composite stitched with Dyneema13 showed the smallest increase of 75.4% in shielding effectiveness compared to the unstitched. Results revealed that the dominant effect of shielding in these composites is absorption. The Mode I experimental results showed that composite stitched with Kevlar13 exhibited the highest crack initiation interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC-initiation), whereas composite stitched with Dyneema13 exhibited the highest maximum crack propagation interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC-maximum). The experimental results comply with the goal of the study to produce multifunctional composite with improvement in the mechanical and electromagnetic properties.
Optimization of Gate Resistance for Motor Driver Design
Authors: Cho Y G , Baek J W
Published: October 2020

Owing to the rapid increase in the use of small- and medium-sized motors at various industry, the reliability of the electronic control systems is emerging as an issue. Accordingly, research on a method that guarantees reliable motion of motors by selecting appropriate gate resistance of the driver part and that contributes as a solution to the thermal issue and EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) in terms of design was conducted. Among methods that increase the reliability of motor drivers, one involving the calculation of an optimal gate resistance value is the most efficient in cost aspects without he added hardware or the application of a complex motor control algorithm. Therefore, this study proposed the process of finding optimal gate resistance of the driver circuit. An approach was made to find a safe operation area about switching, which has considered only partially, and a practical experiment was carried out through the evaluation board to prove the proposed method. As a result, although the estimated range and experimental results had slight deviation, we proved that it could be used as a method to find the optimal resistance value.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal Classification Using Artificial Neural Network to Control Electric Artificial Hand Movement
Authors: Saragih A S , Pamungkas A , Zain B Y , Ahmed W
Published: October 2020

All due to the complex nature of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, it is a challenge to be able to use it as the driver of an electric artificial hand. By using EEG signal, the command for artificial hand movements becomes more intuitive and natural. This study aims to classify EEG signals to serve as electronic hand control. Classification is conducted using artificial neural networks (ANN), in which EEG signal datasets are obtained from a commercial brain computer interface (BCI). The ANN model obtained is expected to be able to determine that the EEG signal is one of the five EEG signals generated from five predetermined hand movements. This study proposes feature extraction and processing that is very simple but performs well, indicated by its small error value. The results show that ANN can classify five hand movements tested with an overall accuracy rate of 80%.
Effect of the Internal Pressure and External Loads on Nozzles in Cylindrical Vessel
Authors: Bozkurt Murat , Nash David , Uzzaman Asraf
Published: October 2020

Understanding the potential for supporting the maximum loading conditions in the system is a key feature in the design and analysis of pressure vessel applications. This is especially important for thin-walled pressure vessels, when stresses even reaching the initial material yield point could lead to very dangerous situations. Pressure vessels may be subjected to stresses arising from a variety of loading conditions including internal pressure and multiple external loads from attached piping systems. Once the yield point has been exceeded, the structure can accommodate more loading until the plastic zone becomes excessive leading to plastic collapse. This can be challenging to establish especially when external loads act in tandem with internal pressure. Therefore, this paper develops a finite element method for the limit load analysis of a single-nozzle cylindrical pressure vessel under internal pressure and external loading in a variety of combinations. Thereafter, a parametric study is presented covering various loading conditions, both singly and in combination. Finally, a comparison is made shown the interaction effects of the effects on the limit load for changes in vessel geometry and appropriate conclusions drawn.
Ghost anti-crossings caused by interlayer umklapp hybridization of bands in 2D heterostructures
Authors: Graham Abigail J , Zultak Johanna , Hamer Matthew J , Zolyomi Viktor , Magorrian Samuel , Barinov Alexei , Kandyba Viktor , Giampietri Alessio , Locatelli Andrea , Genuzio Francesca , Teutsch Natalie C , Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Hine Nicholas D M , Fal’ko Vladimir I , Gorbachev Roman V , Wilson Neil R
Published: October 2020

In two-dimensional heterostructures, crystalline atomic layers with differing lattice parameters can stack directly one on another. The resultant close proximity of atomic lattices with differing periodicity can lead to new phenomena. For umklapp processes, this opens the possibility for interlayer umklapp scattering, where interactions are mediated by the transfer of momenta to or from the lattice in the neighbouring layer. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study a graphene on InSe heterostructure, we present evidence that interlayer umklapp processes can cause hybridization between bands from neighbouring layers in regions of the Brillouin zone where bands from only one layer are expected, despite no evidence for Moiré-induced replica bands. This phenomenon manifests itself as ‘ghost’ anti-crossings in the InSe electronic dispersion. Applied to a range of suitable two-dimensional material pairs, this phenomenon of interlayer umklapp hybridization can be used to create strong mixing of their electronic states, giving a new tool for twist-controlled band structure engineering.
Atomic structure, work function and magnetism in layered single crystal VOCl
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Sun Rong , He Shijie , Jia Zhiyan , Su Chenliang , Li Ying , Wang Zhongchang
Published: October 2020

We report the successful growth of square-like layered single crystals VOCl with a size of a few millimeters by chemical vapor transport method, and demonstrate that the layered crystals show good air stability and can be easily exfoliated. The atomic-resolution structure of the VOCl single crystals is consistent with the theoretical atomic models and the exfoliated VOCl flakes exhibit a uniform surface potential and a thickness-independent work function in the interval of 4–263 nm. Further magnetic measurements manifest that the VOCl crystal exhibit an N-type ferrimagnetic phase at 150 K and a compensation temperature of ~50 K. These findings not only enrich the magnetic family in layered materials but offer a platform for exploring new physics, and such study of microstructure, air stability, work function and magnetism in layered VOCl should push further the development of functionality tunable microwave devices or spintronics with all-layered materials.
Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules, product of Young symmetrizers and denominator of Young’s seminormal basis
Authors: Fang Ming , Lim Kay Jin , Tan Kai
Published: October 2020

Let

G
G

be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

,

Δ
(
λ
)

\Delta (\lambda )

denote the Weyl module of

G
G

of highest weight

λ
\lambda

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="iota Subscript lamda comma mu Baseline colon normal upper Delta left-parenthesis lamda plus mu right-parenthesis right-arrow normal upper Delta left-parenthesis lamda right-parenthesis circled-times normal upper Delta left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis">

ι

λ
,
μ

:
Δ
(
λ
+
μ
)
→
Δ
(
λ
)
⊗
Δ
(
μ
)

\iota _{\lambda ,\mu }:\Delta (\lambda +\mu )\to \Delta (\lambda )\otimes \Delta (\mu )

be the canonical

G
G

-morphism. We study the split condition for

ι

λ
,
μ

\iota _{\lambda ,\mu }

over

Z

(
p
)

\mathbb {Z}_{(p)}

, and apply this as an approach to compare the Jantzen filtrations of the Weyl modules

Δ
(
λ
)

\Delta (\lambda )

and

Δ
(
λ
+
μ
)

\Delta (\lambda +\mu )

. In the case when

G
G

is of type

A
A

, we show that the split condition is closely related to the product of certain Young symmetrizers and, under some mild conditions, is further characterized by the denominator of a certain Young’s seminormal basis vector. We obtain explicit formulas for the split condition in some cases.
Scientific societies fostering inclusivity through speaker diversity in annual meeting programming: a call to action
Authors: Segarra Verónica A. , Primus Clara , Unguez Graciela A. , Edwards Ashanti , Etson Candice , Flores Sonia C. , Fry Catherine , Guillory Ashley N. , Ingram Susan L. , Lawson Mark , McGee Richard , Paxson Stephanie , Phelan Laura , Suggs Kirsta , Vega Leticia R. , Vuong Elizabeth , Havran J. Christopher , Leon Alfredo , Burton Michael D. , Lujan J. Luis , Ramirez-Alvarado Marina
Published: October 2020

Scientific societies aiming to foster inclusion of scientists from underrepresented (UR) backgrounds among their membership often delegate primary responsibility for this goal to a diversity-focused committee. The National Science Foundation has funded the creation of the Alliance to Catalyze Change for Equity in STEM Success (ACCESS), a meta-organization bringing together representatives from several such STEM society committees to serve as a hub for a growing community of practice. Our goal is to coordinate efforts to advance inclusive practices by sharing experiences and making synergistic discoveries about what works. ACCESS has analyzed the approaches by which member societies have sought to ensure inclusivity through selection of annual meeting speakers. Here we discuss how inclusive speaker selection fosters better scientific environments for all and identify challenges and promising practices for societies striving to maximize inclusivity of speakers in their scientific programming.
Variation in Lymph Node Yield After Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Faraj Kassem S , Judge Nathanael , Chang Yu-Hui H , Blodgett Gail , Stanton Melissa L , Tyson Mark D
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that lymph node yield will vary by pathology assistant (PA) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND).

Methods

This is a single-institution retrospective review that included patients who underwent an RC with PLND for bladder cancer from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2018. Predicted mean lymph node counts were generated using multivariable regression analysis.

Results

In a total of 430 patients who underwent RC with PLND, the median lymph node count (interquartile range) was 15.0 (11.0-21.0). The frequency of the limits of lymphadenectomy was as follows: external iliac, internal iliac, and obturator (true pelvis) (33.3%); true pelvis plus common iliac to the level of the aortic bifurcation (47.9%); and inferior mesenteric artery (18.8%). On descriptive analysis, there were differences in lymph node yield when evaluating the following variables: level of dissection, clinical stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical approach, surgeon, pathologist, and PA (P < .05). On multivariable analysis, adjusted lymph node counts varied between surgeons, pathologists, clinical stage, and level of dissection but not by PA (P = .18).

Conclusions

Lymph node yield after RC varies on several known levels, including surgeon, extent of lymphadenectomy, clinical stage, and pathologist. This study found no significant variation in lymph node yield according to PA.
Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2019
Authors: Vest Tyler A , Gazda Nicholas P , Schenkat Daniel H , Eckel Stephen F
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2019 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles that evaluated one of the steps were gauged for their usefulness in promoting daily practice change.

A PubMed search was conducted in January 2020 for calendar year 2019 using targeted Medical Subject Headings keywords; in addition, searches of the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals were conducted. A total of 4,317 articles were identified. A thorough review identified 66 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 17 for prescribing/transcribing, 17 for dispensing, 7 for administration, and 25 for monitoring. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why each article is important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation.

Conclusion

It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice; this article assists in identifying and summarizing the most impactful recently published literature in this area. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of the significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
Responding to unforeseen disasters in a large health system
Authors: Hannan Ryan J , Lundholm Margaret K , Brierton Dennis , Chapman Noelle R M
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To describe how health systems may respond to sudden changes in operations by leveraging existing resources and to share one organization’s experience responding to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

In a health system based in Illinois and Wisconsin, pharmacy services are provided by a single, integrated department responsible for all aspects of pharmaceutical care within the organization. Hospital, retail, ambulatory care, and population health services are all managed under one leadership team. All pertinent ancillary services are also managed within the department, including informatics, supply chain, and drug policy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmacy services leadership has successfully managed volume and capacity challenges by redirecting resources to where they are needed. A disaster response framework based on Federal Emergency Management Agency guidance was put in place, and change management principles were used to rapidly operationalize change. Components of the nimble response have included quickly increasing capacity, thoughtful and timely communication to all team members, strategic decision making with available data, creating an agile pool of labor, and maintaining an efficient system supply chain. Well-being and resilience are emphasized alongside reflection on lessons learned. Some changes made in the urgent response to the pandemic are being considered for long-term implementation.

Conclusion

Organizations have the potential to respond to almost any situation if they are integrated and teams work together to build flexibility. The keys to success are thoughtful maximization of existing resources and strong communication.
The Most Appropriate Lexical Unit for L2 Vocabulary Research and Pedagogy: A Brief Review of the Evidence
Authors: Brown Dale , Stoeckel Tim , Mclean Stuart , Stewart Jeff
Published: October 2020

The choice of lexical unit is a significant issue in L2 vocabulary research and pedagogy. This brief review examines two important questions bearing on this issue: (i) How encompassing a lexical unit can learners deal with receptively? and (ii) How much difference does the choice of lexical unit make in practice? Regarding the former, empirical evidence from studies with L2-English learners shows that the broad ‘word family’ unit, requiring considerable knowledge of affixes and the ability to apply this knowledge, cannot be supported. Regarding the latter, estimates of the proportion of English text consisting of derivational forms vary due to differences in approach and text type examined. However, even the smallest estimate is of a magnitude sufficient to have a meaningful impact on text comprehension. Accordingly, this review suggests that the most appropriate lexical unit may be the lemma or flemma. This conclusion has major implications for L2 vocabulary research, with regards to vocabulary testing and estimates of learning needs, and for L2 vocabulary pedagogy, in respect of curriculum planning and the use of word lists.
Taking the Test: A Qualitative Analysis of Cultural and Contextual Factors Impacting Neuropsychological Assessment of Xhosa-Speaking South Africans
Authors: Aghvinian Maral , Santoro Anthony F , Gouse Hetta , Joska John A , Linda Teboho , Thomas Kevin G F , Robbins Reuben N
Published: October 2020

Objective

There is an urgent need to make neuropsychological (NP) testing more acceptable, accessible, and culturally salient, particularly for culturally, educationally, and linguistically diverse individuals from countries who may have little-to-no experience with NP testing. In settings with limited resources such as South Africa, unique cultural and contextual factors (e.g., structural inequality, poverty) may impact the experience of NP evaluation. Research in this area is limited and requires further exploration. This qualitative study explores the role of cultural and contextual factors that may impact the experience of NP evaluation in a sample of Xhosa-speaking South African adults. Participant interviews explored the context from which individuals arrived at the NP assessment (e.g., quality of education, understanding of cognitive disorders), and their experience of completing NP tests.

Method

This qualitative study used data from semistructured interviews to conduct a thematic analysis exploring contextual factors and the experience of completing NP tests for the first time among Xhosa-speaking South African adults (N = 22). Results: Although no participants had prior experience with NP testing, most found testing procedures acceptable. Most participants, however, reported a limited understanding of the purpose of NP testing and cognitive problems. Additionally, some participants reported perceptions and attitudes that could affect test performance, such as misinterpreting standard testing procedures (e.g., no feedback from the examiner, being stopped mid-task) as indicative of poor performance.

Conclusions

This study provided much needed exploration into unique cultural factors that may impact the experience of NP assessment in South Africa, which could bias test performance and interpretation, and may aid the field of cross-cultural NP in better serving culturally and linguistically diverse populations. In these countries, neuropsychologists may need to actively evaluate participants’ understanding of NP testing to help foster optimal assessment conditions. They may also need to educate participants on possible causes of cognitive disorders.
Plants will cross the lines: climate and available land mass are the major determinants of phytogeographical patterns in the Sunda–Sahul Convergence Zone
Authors: Joyce Elizabeth M , Thiele Kevin R , Slik J W Ferry , Crayn Darren M
Published: October 2020

The Miocene convergence of the Sunda shelf, Sahul shelf and Wallacea facilitated the exchange of previously isolated floras across the Sunda–Sahul Convergence Zone (SSCZ). The SSCZ is a hotspot of biogeographical research; however, phytogeographical patterns across the region remain poorly understood. We conducted multivariate analysis on a comprehensive species checklist of SSCZ vascular plants to quantify the extent of exchange, characterize phytogeographical patterns and investigate their abiotic drivers. We found that Lydekker’s and Wallace’s Lines are not reflected in floristic composition at any taxonomic level, with 46% of genera distributed across these biogeographical lines. In contrast, environment is significantly correlated with floristic composition, with annual rainfall and seasonality being the strongest correlates. Mainland Asia, Borneo, the Philippines, New Guinea and Australia were major routes of exchange throughout the Cenozoic, possibly because these areas have been persistent landmasses throughout the entire period of convergence. We conclude that Sunda–Sahul floristic exchange has substantially influenced the assembly of the regional flora and that modern phytogeographical patterns have been influenced more by environmental variables and available landmass (i.e. establishment conditions) than by putative barriers to movement such as Wallace’s and Lydekker’s Lines (i.e. vagility).
‘There’s A Certain Group of Cops that have their Own Vendetta’: Resident Perceptions of Notorious Police Officers and ‘Cop Clockin’ in the Inner-City
Authors: Urbanik Marta-Marika , Greene Carolyn , Wojnarowicz Jake
Published: October 2020

Many inner-city neighbourhoods across North America are disproportionately subject to heightened and aggressive policing strategies. Consequently, many inner-city residents have developed strategies to limit their encounters with police. Research examining police–community relationships has traditionally examined how residents perceive and respond to ‘the police’. However, this homogenizes and over-simplifies nuanced processes. Based upon 48 interviews with Toronto inner-city residents, we demonstrate how narratives about allegedly ‘notorious’ officers reveal that residents differentiate between individual officers and modify their behaviours accordingly. This process of officer differentiation—‘cop clockin’—results in strategic responses to specific officers as residents attempt to hinder the potential harms of interactions with ‘notorious cops’. Furthermore, officer complacency raises questions about police legitimacy and strengthening police–community relationships.