bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Česká beseda v Liberci a česká menšina v 2. polovině 19. století
Authors: Šťovíček Jan
Published: March 2024

In the second half of the 19th century Liberec was considered as a center of Germans in Bohemia. Czechs, almost exclusively members of lower social strata, formed an ethnic minority there. After the fall of the Austrian neo-absolutism, in the situation of the initial development of association life in the monarchy, the Liberec Czechs established their association - česká beseda (1863). At the time of iits foundation it associated all strata of the Czech population in the town. However, soon after this, the workers started to distinguish themselves as they had their own specific political and social interests and approached internationally oriented German workers. From the very beginning česká beseda (Czech Popular Educational Association) was exposed to hostile power pressure by local Germans - the pressure was exerted at the community, professional as well as neighborly level. For all the pressures, thanks to the work of Česká beseda patriotic social life of the Czech Liberec was continually developing (theater, trips, singing, physical education). In 1881 Česká beseda prompted the foundation of a private Czech elementary school and in 1884 a public elementary school. In 1885 the local branch of Národní jednota severočeská (National North Bohemian Unity) and in 1886 a Sokol unit were founded. In 1890 thanks to the direct supported from Česká beseda a local branch of Klub českých turistů (Club of Czech Tourists) was founded. Czechs from Liberec established contacts with Czech associations in other towns of North Bohemia by means of Česká beseda's association activities. ln cooperation with other Czech associations Česká beseda was a major factor in the process of social and cultural emancipation of Liberec Czechs.
Zdroje informací studentů pražských gymnázií o občanech bývalé Jugoslávie
Authors: Procházka Tomáš
Published: March 2024

The paper focuses on the question of contacts and sources of information about the citizens of the former Yugoslavia as ascertained among the students of three Prague secondary schools (born in 1976-1978). The survey was conducted in 1995 by means of a questionnaire method and non-standardized interviews. The role of the media as a source of information about the citizens of the former Yugoslavia is indispensable. The respondents (82.93 %) clearly prefer television. The rest of the media is placed by the respondents under the limit of 50 %. This involves the press, literature and radio. Direct contact and information mediated by another person are generally not considered as crucial by the respondents. This also relates to the school. Despite this, 69 % of respondents said that their experience with a citizen of the former Yugoslavia materialized through direct contact. In direct contact there was also a focus on distinguishing ethnic groups of the former Yugoslavia. If the respondents named them, there was a dominance of three nations of the former Yugoslavia-Croatians, Serbs and Moslems.
Rusové pohledem pražské středoškolské mládeže
Authors: Šmídová Michaela
Published: March 2024

The conducted research has revealed that the attitude of respondents (students of Prague secondary schools) to Russians certainly cannot be called unambiguous. Its ambiguousness is confirmed by evident ambivalence which appeared among individual respondents as well as various groups of problems. One and the same respondent can display good knowledge of Russian culture, but can be at the same time afraid of Russians and assume a less tolerant position to them. One the one hand, there is the look at Russians in Russia (admiration of the Russians' ability to survive everything) and at Russians as immigrants in the Czech Republic on the other (one-sidedness and oversimplification in the respondents' views). In general it can be said that apart from a few exceptions the respondents' attitudes to Russians do not reflect any indifference, let alone antipathy. From this point of view, the students are representatives of a new generation which is not burdened with past controversial events in Czech-Russian relations, although they know about them and bear them in mind. One can record among most respondents fairly realistic attitudes concerning both Czech-Russian political relations and the closeness of Russians and Czechs as Slavs. However, the above-mentioned realism is also confronted with some stereotypes which appear if there is a lack of doser experience or deeper knowledge.
Vztah české veřejnosti k Ukrajincům
Authors: Straková Michaela
Published: March 2024

A survey of the relationship of the Prague public to Ukrainians was conducted in a sample of one hundred respondents-Czechs aged 16 to 71 years. On the basis of this inquiry one can conclude that that part of respondents which has no experiences with Ukrainians, has assumed stereotype attitudes to them. By contrast, those respondents who really know Ukrainians, tend to have friendly relationships wíth them. In them they do not take into account the Ukrainians's nationality. An apathetic attitude to Ukrainians in the first stage of mutual contact in the Czech Republic has led into adopting two initial positions: either into a general perception of their attitude as "guest workers" or, in exceptional cases, as mafia criminals (especially under the influence of media coverage). Although after a several-year contact one cannot find hostility to Ukrainians among most respondents, one can still discern among them a certain reserve, typical of ethnically homogeneous societies.
Obraz židů u pražských novinářů
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

The research conducted within the framework of the Institute of Basic Education of Charles University focused on the knowledge and general consciousness of Czech journalists about Jewish history and culture. From an assessment of answers from 80 respondents it was established that the knowledge of notions associated with Judaism and the life of Jews is far from satisfactory among the group under observation. Most of those surveyed were unable to even approximately explain the notions such as "JHVH", "torah" or "kibbutz". When it comes to the assessment of various periods of Czech history with regard to tolerance of Jews the results were not much better. Basically, the bigger the distance of the period under consideration from now, the more negative assessment was given by those polled, except World War Two. lt is noteworthy that when the journalists were to spontaneously name some distinguished Jewish personalities, they only agreed on Franz Kafka and Albert Einstein. Most respondents described as typical symbols of Jewry only some of the signs of the Jewish religion or some attributes of "Jewish appearance," tainted with prejudice. Most of them agreed that the Holocaust question should not be highlighted more often than it is now. Generally, the knowledge of those shaping public opinion through the media does not exceed the knowledge of their readers or listeners.
Dějinný původ určení člověka jako ,,rozumného živočicha"
Authors: Benyovszky Ladislav
Published: March 2024

The presented reflection is methodologically based on Heidegger´s distinction of the "historical examination" (historische Beobachtung) and "historical entry to the sphere of sense" (geschichtliche Besinnung). In the context of this distinction the historical (geschichtliche) origin examines the man as a reasonable creature. This means that it shows in which way the relationship between man and the world (Ereignis) must "occur" if it is to be mortal (Sterbliche) - the basic definition of the human kind from the viewpoint of the thought. It must be dealt with only as a living being endowed with the word or reason (ZOON LOGON ECHON, animal rationale). This definition of the human kind, which is basic and original for classical philosophical studies, specifies the reflection through its primitive forms, Aristotle's and Plato's definition of the soul.
Současná obchůzková koleda na Smrtnou neděli v Čechách
Authors: Thořová Věra
Published: March 2024

Considerable attention has been devoted in the Czech ethnographic literature to the habit of taking out the figure of Death in the spring pre-Easter time, mostly at the fifth Sunday of fasting (between March 8 and April 11), its genesis, course and development. The taking out of Death was also widespread in the past among all Western Slavs, a part of the German ethnic group and in a similar fashion in a part of eastern and southern Europe. In Bohemia it is regarded as the oldest spring ceremony in the Czech folk customs in general. Its origin dates back to the pre-Christian era, as evidenced by a number of church bans from later times. This shows that the tradition had very strong roots. Most researchers agree that the habit is associated with the spring equinox, when the winter ends and the spring starts. However, there are also views saying that the habit was connected with medieval plague epidemics and it was meant as a protection against the dangerous infection. At present all of the Czech ethnographic literature regards the habit as outdated and forgotten. However, for all of these claims (depicted in a 1982 publication on annual habits) we have arrived at the conclusion that this graceful spring habit has not entirely vanished in Bohemia. However, we have to admit that it is evidently retreating and its appearance in Czech regions is really rare.
Longitudinální výzkum Pražské skupiny školní etnografie
Authors: Rendl Miroslav
Published: March 2024

Pražská skupina školní etnografie (PSŠE), která působí na katedře pedagogické a školní psychologie pražské Pedagogické fakulty, vznikla koncem roku 1990. Byla to doba silně protransformačního ideologického klimatu ve školství, kdy heslem byla změna školy. Lidi, kteří vytvořili PSŠE, spojovalo oproti tomu spíše přesvědčení, že se toto volání po změně neopírá o dostatečné vědecké poznání školy, protože dosavadní empirické výzkumy jsou nedostatečné. Oprávněnost tohoto přesvědčení lze zpětně argumentovat opakovanými výtkami, které padají na adresu výzkumu české školy od jiných autorů až dodnes.
Soně Švecové k 70. narozeninám (3. 3. 1929)
Authors: Kandert Josef
Published: March 2024

Pokud si dobře vzpomínám, tak první studentské dojmy spojené s dr. Soňou Švecovou mi připomínají přednášky o ohništích, o vývoji lidové architektury a o díle polského etnografa Moszyńského.
Nejstarší kolky na území Českých zemí (1686-1854)
Authors: Barhoňová Vladislava
Published: March 2024

V autorské spolupráci připravili Zuzana Holečková a Jiří Kořínek unikátní výstavu. V ní Numizmatické oddělení Národního muzea dalo poprvé nahlédnout do své rozsáhlé sbírky kolků. Muzeum tento unikátní soubor zakoupilo v roce 1936 od chebského rodáka Ladislava Hanuse, důstojníka kavalérie a od počátku století pražského poštmistra, sběratele. Sbírka kromě unikátního souboru kolků listinných obsahuje také kolky kalendářové, kolky z hracích karet i kolky novinové. Její součástí jsou také doklady o používání kolků na území bývalého Rakousko-Uherska od počátku kolkování, tedy od roku 1686, až do roku 1918.
Výstava "Vrba a Velikonoce" v Okresním muzeu v Lounech
Authors: Skružný Ludvík
Published: March 2024

Poutavě uspořádaná výstava Vrba a Velikonoce, na které se autorsky podílely pracovnice Okresního muzea v Lounech, přírodovědec Ing. Milena Poláková a archeoložka PhDr. Jiřina Štauberová, vznikla spojení sbírkového fondu jmenované okresní instituce s četnými zápůjčkami fotografií, dokumentů, prospektů i vlastních košíkářských výrobků z Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, které má samostatnou expozici čelákovického košíkářství, hrajícího v poslední třetině 19. a prvém dvacetiletí 20. století významnou roli v obživě obyvatel malého polabského městečka. Odtud putovalo čelákovické zboží nejen do Čech, ale i do mnohých evropských zemí.
An upper bound for the least energy of a sign-changing solution to a zero mass problem
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Maia Liliane , Pellacci Benedetta
Published: March 2024

We give an upper bound for the least possible energy of a sign-changing solution to the nonlinear scalar field equation

−
Δ
u
=
f

(
u
)

,

u
∈

D
1,2

(

R
N

)

,

$-{\Delta}u=f\left(u\right), u\in {D}^{1,2}\left({\mathrm{R}}^{N}\right),$

where N ≥ 5 and the nonlinearity f is subcritical at infinity and supercritical near the origin. More precisely, we establish the existence of a nonradial sign-changing solution whose energy is smaller that 12c
0 if N = 5, 6 and smaller than 10c
0 if N ≥ 7, where c
0 is the ground state energy.
Realitäten entfalten
Authors: Mamin Cyrill
Published: March 2024

This paper is concerned with the relationship between paradigms of explication and the practice of conceptual engineering. It defends three interrelated claims: First, the predominant functionalist attitude in the present debate on conceptual engineering is due to its roots in Carnapian explication, which identifies the explicandum with a precursor concept. Second, alternative metaphysical paradigms of explication locate the explicandum in a part of a concept-independent reality (‘field explication’, as I will call it). Third, field explication may be a better paradigm than Carnapian functionalism for certain instances of socio-political conceptual engineering. In these instances, we adjust our concepts to more adequately capture differences in our concept-independent (felt) reality. To demonstrate this, I will contrast the metaphysical to the functionalist paradigm concerning the example ofHeimat.
Experimental and numerical studies of ballistic resistance of hybrid sandwich composite body armor
Authors: Khalaf Waad Adnan , Hamzah Mohsin Noori
Published: March 2024

Defense mechanisms remain important and indispensable due to the different types of pistols and ordnance besides many guns. Hybrid composite sandwich panels are an attractive focus because of their ingrained characteristics, such as high stuffiness and high energy absorption. Hybrid composite sandwich panels are among the most important in armoring various structures. Despite the high density of these panels, they have significant qualities that qualify them to be the first selection for use in armored vehicles or body armor. Recently, there have been several types of structures, and selecting the appropriate structure as armor against the projectiles is very important. The study subjected three samples to the ballistic impact test using a 7.62 × 39 mm bullet. The first sample, S1, consists of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, Kevlar/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, Kevlar/epoxy, and UHMWPE/epoxy; the second sample, S2, comprises Kevlar/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, Kevlar/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, and UHMWPE/epoxy, and the third sample, S3, comprises Al2O3, Kevlar/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, carbon/epoxy, unfilled honeycomb core, and carbon/epoxy. ABAQUS software was used to evaluate the ballistic impact numerically, and after that, the study examined the same armor samples experimentally. The results manifested that only the armor S3 succeeded in stopping the bullet. This is attributed to the structure of the cores, which helps compress and accumulate the cells under the projectile. The speeds of the bullet after penetration (residual velocity; VR) were 748.5 and 715.3 m/s for S1 and S2 armors, respectively, where the back face signature for S3 was 1.5 mm, which is optimum and within the allowed range. The total energy absorption of these armors S1, S2, and S3 is 344.65, 539.04, and 2585.66 J. Furthermore, the highest deviation between numerical and experimental approaches is about 2.04% in the VR.
Big Data Analytics Implementation and Practices in Medical Institute Libraries of Pakistan
Authors: Zakria  , Bhatti Rubina , Ahmad Khurshid , Jan Saeed Ullah
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research was to analyze the contemporary practices of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in medical libraries of Pakistan and to explore ways for its implementation in these libraries. A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical librarians in Pakistan by using a Modified Technology Acceptance Model (MTAM) model, with collected data analyzed using Smart-PLS. The results revealed that lack of resources, technical expertise, and some other factors were significant hurdles in smooth implementation of BDA. It is concluded that the perception of medical librarians about adoption of BDA is very encouraging, which resultantly will improve the quality of healthcare services in the country.
Local and global solvability for the Boussinesq system in Besov spaces
Authors: Yan Shuokai , Wang Lu , Zhang Qinghua
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on local and global existence and uniqueness for the strong solution to the Boussinesq system in

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

(

n
≥
3

n\ge 3

) with full viscosity in Besov spaces. Under the hypotheses

1
<
p
<
∞

1\lt p\lt \infty

and

−
min

{

n
∕
p
,
2
−
n
∕
p

}

<
s
≤
n
∕
p

-\min \left\{n/p,2-n/p\right\}\lt s\le n/p

, and the initial condition

(

θ

0

,

u

0

)

∈

B

˙

p
,
1

s
−
1

×

B

˙

p
,
1

n
∕
p
−
1

\left({\theta }_{0},{u}_{0})\in {\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{s-1}\times {\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{n/p-1}

, the Boussinesq system is proved to have a unique local strong solution. Under the hypotheses

n
≤
p
<
∞

n\le p\lt \infty

and

−
n
∕
p
<
s
≤
n
∕
p

-n/p\lt s\le n/p

, or especially

n
≤
p
<
2
n

n\le p\lt 2n

and

−
n
∕
p
<
s
<
n
∕
p
−
1

-n/p\lt s\lt n/p-1

, and the initial condition

(

θ

0

,

u

0

)

∈

(

B

˙

p
,
1

s
−
1

∩

L

n
∕
3

)

×

(

B

˙

p
,
1

n
∕
p
−
1

∩

L

n

)

\left({\theta }_{0},{u}_{0})\in \left({\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{s-1}\cap {L}^{n/3})\times \left({\dot{B}}_{p,1}^{n/p-1}\cap {L}^{n})

with sufficiently small norms

‖

θ

0

‖

L

n
∕
3

{\Vert {\theta }_{0}\Vert }_{{L}^{n/3}}

and

‖

u

0

‖

L

n

{\Vert {u}_{0}\Vert }_{{L}^{n}}

, the Boussinesq system is proved to have a unique global strong solution.
Enhanced Young-type inequalities utilizing Kantorovich approach for semidefinite matrices
Authors: Bani-Ahmad Feras , Rashid Mohammad Hussein Mohammad
Published: March 2024

This article introduces new Young-type inequalities, leveraging the Kantorovich constant, by refining the original inequality. In addition, we present a range of norm-based inequalities applicable to positive semidefinite matrices, such as the Hilbert-Schmidt norm and the trace norm. The importance of these results lies in their dual significance: they hold inherent value on their own, and they also extend and build upon numerous established results within the existing literature.
Daniel and Revelation: Blasphemy in the Cosmic Conflict
Authors: Kuryliak Bohdan , Kuryliak Ihor
Published: March 2024

Studies of blasphemy in the book of Revelation are usually discussed in isolation from the book of Daniel, which provides an incomplete picture of this topic. This article investigates the meaning of blasphemy in the books of Daniel and Revelation. We argue that these apocalyptic books often describe the actions of the forces of evil in the Cosmic Conflict as blasphemy. The human dimension of blasphemy is expressed in the actions of kings and people (Dan. 1-6; Rev. 2:9; 16:9, 11; 21), while the eschatological dimension of blasphemy is expressed in the actions of the Antichrist (Dan. 7-12; Rev. 13:1, 5, 6; 17:3). We argue that the book of Revelation repeats and furthers the theme of blasphemy articulated in the book of Daniel.
Stability analysis of thermosolutal convection in a rotating Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid
Authors: Sharma Sweta , Sunil  , Sharma Poonam
Published: March 2024

This work presents nonlinear and linear analyses of the rotating Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid layer that is simultaneously heated and soluted from below, considering different boundary surfaces. The energy method is used to form the eigenvalue problem for nonlinear analysis, whereas the normal mode analysis is used for the linear analysis. The Rayleigh number is numerically calculated by employing the Galerkin technique. Both nonlinear and linear analyses yield the same Rayleigh number, indicating the absence of subcritical regions and implying global stability. The Kelvin–Voigt parameter doesn’t affect the Rayleigh number for stationary convection. However, the crucial role of this parameter is established through an energy argument. The presence of rotation, Kelvin–Voigt parameter, and solute gradient give rise to oscillatory modes. Also, the effects of rotation and solute gradient are stabilizing on the system, whereas the stabilizing effect of the Kelvin–Voigt parameter becomes evident when convection exhibits an oscillatory behavior.
Structural and spectroscopic correlation in barium-boro-tellurite glass hosts: effects of Dy2O3 doping
Authors:   Applied Science Dep, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Hathot S. F. , Al Dabbagh B. M. ,   Applied Science Dep, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Aboud H. ,   Faculty of science- physics Dep, college of Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq
Published: March 2024

In this study, a series of barium-boro-tellurite glass hosts with varying concentration of Dy2O3 doping (0 to 1.25 mol%) were made by melt-quenching method. A study was conducted to investigate how Dy2O3 dopants affect the physical and spectroscopic traits of glasses. Raw materials including barium oxide (BaO), tellurium dioxide (TeO2), boron oxide (B2O3), and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) were used to produce these glasses. XRD patterns of the samples showed a broad hump and absence of long-range periodic lattice arrangements, indicating their amorphous nature. The Raman spectral analyses displayed the various vibration modes where the most intense band caused by BaO vibrations at 300 cm-1 and 450 cm-1 corresponding to the symmetric stretching vibration mode of Te–O–Te intra-chain bridges. The peak at 750 cm-1 was due to TeO4 and Te-O-Te vibration modes. The value of optical band gap energy was decreased from 3.155 to 2.1894 eV and then increase at higher Dy2O3 level (0.75 to 1.25 mol%). At Dy3+ contents between 0.25 to 1.25 mol% seven absorption bands were observed at 390, 424, 452, 750, 797, 895 and 1092 nm due to the electronic transitions in Dy3+. The glass refractive indices were raised from 2.3563 to 2.6584 and then decreased at higher Dy2O3 contents which was mainly because of the generation of more bridging oxygen (BO) in the glass matrix. The value of glass electronic polarizability and oxide ions polarizability calculated using LorentzLorenz equation showed a decrease with the rise of Dy2O3 contents, which was ascribed to the presence of fewer non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The optical basicity of the proposed glass hosts was calculated using Duffy and Ingram equation which was decreased with the increase of doping contents. In addition, the optical transmission was increased and reflection loss was reduced with increasing Dy+3 levels. The value of metallization parameter below 1 proved the true amorphous nature of the prepared samples. All the glasses revealed blue and yellow photoluminescence emission peaks due to 4F9/2→ 6H15/2, and 4F9/2 →6H13/2 transitions in Dy3+, respectively. The proposed glass compositions may be beneficial for the advancement of solid-state lasers.
Surface parametric influences on the photocatalytic behaviour of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, India, Jagadeeswari R. , Rathika G. ,   Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore -641014, Tamilnadu, India, Satheesh Kumar K. V. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai 638052, Tamilnadu, India, Selvakumar P. ,   Department of Humanities and Sciences, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500090, Telangana, India
Published: March 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were chemically synthesised and characterised by UV-DRS spectroscopy, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, and X-ray powder diffraction. In order to evaluate the impact of the synthesis process on the structural parameters, Rietveld refinement was done using the GSAS-II programme on experimentally acquired XRD data. ZnO was found to have a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters of a = b =3.247 Å; c = 5.205Å and an average size of about 20-40 nm, as determined by Rietveld refinement of XRD and SEM data. FTIR and EDX analysis was used to confirm the functional group and elemental composition of ZnO NPs. The UV-DRS spectra revealed that the synthesised ZnO had an optical band gap of 3.05 eV. Parametric investigations of the surface morphology of ZnO nanostructures were conducted using the Gwyddion programme. Pseudo-first-order rate kinetics were observed for the photodegradation of two cationic dyes, MB (87.87%) and RhB (74.79%), in the presence of UV light.
Diş Sağlığı Hizmetlerinde Hasta Memnuniyeti Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: Öz Baha , Saygılı Meltem
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Luo ve ark. (2018) tarafından nitel bir araştırma ile kapsamı yeniden değerlendirilen DSQ ölçeğinin yeni halinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasının yapılarak, Türkçeye kazandırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Luo ve ark. (2018) tarafından odak grup çalışmasıyla tematik analiz yapılan ve eklenmesi gereken yeni alanlar önerdiği yeni DSQ ölçeği için kapsam ve dil geçerliliği aşaması ISPOR’un on adımlık çeviri ve kültürel adaptasyon rehberi temelinde yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin uygulama aşamasında bir diş hekimliği fakültesine ağız ve diş sağlığı hizmeti almak üzere başvuran 250 gönüllü hastadan yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle veri elde edilmiştir. Analizler SPSS-AMOS-21 programları ile yürütülmüştür. Yapı geçerliliği için ise Kaiser Meyer-Olkin ve Bartlett Küresellik Testi yapılmış, ardından açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirlemek için madde toplam korelasyonu ve Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gerçekleştirilen faktör analizi sonucunda 16 maddeli ve 2 faktörlü bir ölçek ortaya konulmuştur (KMO=0.820; Bartlett (χ2=1100.755). Ölçeğin toplam varyansı açıklama oranı ise % 40.295’tir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde 16 soru ve 2 boyut dâhil edilerek elde edilen modelin uyum iyilikleri değerlerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir (χ2/sd=1.626; p
The compostability of denim fabrics dyed with various indigos
Authors: Alwala Wendy , Perju Antonia , Schwarz Mary , Bonhotal Jean , Pires Steven , Ankeny Mary , Daystar Jesse , Frey Margaret
Published: March 2024

Denim fabric samples representing current indigo dye sources and fabric structures were biodegraded in feedstock including food waste, manure, and animal bedding, which are typically composted at the Cornell Farm Services Composting Facility and processed under laboratory conditions for 77 days. Indigo types including dry denim, pre-reduced, and natural did not inhibit degradation as compared to undyed 100% cotton fabric. Additionally, fabrics tested as received from the mill and those tested post scouring degraded effectively. As expected, denim containing 24% polyester and 2% spandex retained overall fabric structure despite degradation of the cotton portion of the yarns.
Decreasing Prescribing Errors in Antimicrobial Stewardship Program-Restricted Medications
Authors: Tang Katherine M. , Lee Philip , Anosike Brenda I. , Asas Kathleen , Cassel-Choudhury Gina , Devi Tanvi , Gennarini Lisa , Raizner Aileen , Rhim Hai Jung H. , Savva Jacqueline , Shah Dhara , Philips Kaitlyn
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) restrict prescribing practices to regulate antimicrobial use, increasing the risk of prescribing errors. This quality improvement project aimed to decrease the proportion of prescribing errors in ASP-restricted medications by standardizing workflow.

METHODS

The study took place on all inpatient units at a tertiary care children’s hospital between January 2020 and February 2022. Patients <22 years old with an order for an ASP-restricted medication course were included. An interprofessional team used the Model for Improvement to design interventions targeted at reducing ASP-restricted medication prescribing errors. Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles included standardizing communication and medication review, implementing protocols, and developing electronic health record safety nets. The primary outcome was the proportion of ASP-restricted medication orders with a prescribing error. The secondary outcome was time between prescribing errors. Outcomes were plotted on control charts and analyzed for special cause variation. Outcomes were monitored for a 3-month sustainability period.

RESULTS

Nine-hundred ASP-restricted medication orders were included in the baseline period (January 2020–December 2020) and 1035 orders were included in the intervention period (January 2021–February 2022). The proportion of prescribing errors decreased from 10.9% to 4.6%, and special cause variation was observed in Feb 2021. Mean time between prescribing errors increased from 2.9 days to 8.5 days. These outcomes were sustained.

CONCLUSIONS

Quality improvement methods can be used to achieve a sustained reduction in the proportion of ASP-restricted medication orders with a prescribing error throughout an entire children’s hospital.
Global Burden of Tuberculosis in Adolescents and Young Adults: 1990–2019
Authors: Shang Weijing , Cao Guiying , Jing Wenzhan , Liu Jue , Liang Wannian , Liu Min
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat in adolescents and young adults. However, its burden in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to assess TB burden and changing trends in individuals aged 10 to 24 years from 1990 to 2019.

METHODS

All data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the percentage of relative changes in incident cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The temporal trends of the incidence, mortality, and DALYs were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs).

RESULTS

At global level, TB incidence (per 100 000 population) decreased from 144.12 in 1990 to 97.56 in 2019, with average 1.28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36%–1.19%) of decline per year. Similar decreasing trends occurred across sex, age, sociodemographic index regions, and in most Global Burden of Disease study regions and countries. TB incidence in female adolescents decreased faster than that in male. However, there was an increasing trend in the incidence of extensively drug-resistant TB (EAPC = 11.23, 95% CI: 8.22–14.33) and multidrug-resistant TB without extensive drug resistance (EAPC = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.73–4.86). South Africa had the highest increase in TB incidence (EAPC = 3.51, 95% CI: 3.11–3.92).

CONCLUSIONS

Global TB incidence, mortality, and DALYs in adolescents and young adults decreased from 1990 to 2019. However, the incidence of drug-resistant TB increased. TB remains a threat in adolescents and young adults worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Cerebral Blood Flow in Sickle Cell Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Huttenlocher Peter R. , Moohr John W. , Johns Lydia , Brown Frederick D.
Published: March 2024

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been studied by the xenon-133 (133Xe) inhalation method in 16 children with suspected sickle cell cerebrovascular disease. Abnormalities consisting of decreases in total, hemispheral, or regional CBF were found in 17 of 26 studies. Eleven studies performed immediately after stroke, transient ischemic attack, or depression of state of alertness showed abnormalities. In addition to confirming regional cerebrovascular insufficiency in children with stroke due to major cerebral artery occlusion, the method detected diffuse decrease in CBF in children with stupor, coma, and seizures who had normal angiographic findings. In contrast, six of seven studies obtained after exchange transfusion or during maintenance on hypertransfusion therapy showed normal findings. The difference between results in patients with acute neurologic disturbances and those receiving transfusion therapy was statistically significant (P < .005). The data indicate that the 133Xe method reliably demonstrates cerebrovascular impairment in sickle cell disease. They also suggest that CBF changes in patients with sickle cell disease can be reversed by exchange transfusion and by hypertransfusion therapy. The 133Xe CBF method may be useful for following up children with sickle cell disease who are at high risk for recurrent stroke.
The impossible return home of Lucius in Apuleius' Metamorphoses
Authors: Freyburger Gérard
Published: March 2024

In this paper I wish to analyze the impossible return home, namely that of Lucius in Book XI of Apuleius' Metamorphoses. Isis had decided that this would be so because she wished to wrest her new follower from the self-destructive passions he had developed in his home country, Corinth. She inspired him to leave his homeland and to make an initiatory voyage to Rome, where he would henceforth have to live as a perpetual exile among the priests of Isis (although he thereafter was safe from the evil passions he contracted in Corinth). I want to analyze this story. First of all, we will focus upon these passions which so beset Lucius in his homeland, then we will follow the voyage he took to Rome and finally we will see how he lives as an exile in Rome and, in conclusion, what are the benefits he obtains from his renunciation of a return to his homeland.
HYDRO/SOLAR COMPLEMENTARITY IN THE UPPER SÃO FRANCISCO BASIN: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Páez Mendieta Jorge Daniel , Geriberto Hidalgo Ieda
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to evaluate the benefit of the combined operation of a hydro/solar system at USFB, specifically at the Três Marias Hydroelectric Plant (HPP), to raise the level of its reservoir. For this purpose, the hydrological/hydroelectric modeling of USFB and Três Marias HPP is carried out on the RS MINERVE hydrological/hydroelectric simulation platform. USFB hydrological modeling is done using three hydrologically homogeneous regions and the hydrological conceptual model HBV. The hydroelectric modeling was adjusted to the physical characteristics of the Três Marias HPP. The calibration and validation process uses eight performance indicators. The chosen scenarios evaluate an increase of 7% in evapotranspiration and a decrease of 10% and 20% in precipitation, respectively. Water storage and energy generated at the Três Marias HPP are the output variables of the simulation process. From the results obtained in the simulation, the projected Photovoltaic Plant (PVP) is dimensioned. The results show that with the complementarity of the projected PVP it is possible to increase the volume of the reservoir for the proposed study scenarios. Therefore, hydro/solar complementarity at USFB can be an alternative for the management of water resources.
Consciousness and Understanding: Dennett, Husserl, Wittgenstein
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sokuler Zinaida , Kosilova Elena ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tolstov Alexey ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the problem of understanding in the mentalist and naturalist traditions. For comparison, two extreme approaches are considered: Husserl and Dennett. Husserl's mentalistic philosophy interprets understanding as a special experience that can only be described from the first person's point of view. Husserl distinguishes two levels of understanding: more superficial linguistic and deeper mental ones. Dennett, as a prominent representative of naturalism, considers understanding to be the highest degree of competence, i.e., from a third person's point of view. In his evolutionist interpretation of consciousness, the appearance of understanding can be inherent in any organism or inanimate being, and human understanding differs from other stages only quantitatively. In the literature devoted to Wittgenstein, there is an opinion that his philosophy of understanding is anti-mentalist, and this is confirmed by some of his statements. However, Wittgenstein did not argue that understanding cannot be an inner experience. His indications of the criterion of understanding, which is the right action, are connected with the philosophical grammar of the word "understanding" itself. He points out that the nature of mathematical normativity, truth and falsity lies in the joint, intersubjective understanding of mathematicians, which is always mediated by language and activity. In connection with the theme of understanding, attention is drawn to Wittgenstein's concept of "seeing aspect". One can see in it something in common with Husserl's notion of the constitution of sense. To see something in an aspect (spots as an image of an object, a grimace as an expression of a certain emotion) means to place it in a certain environment, in a network of new connections. This is not only a way of seeing but also of understanding. Wittgenstein is interested in the language games associated with such experiences. These language games are not descriptions of inner experience but an integral part of it. At the same time, the philosophical grammar of such games leads us to the intersubjective and normative and forces us to comprehend consciousness from this perspective.
Ecosystem of Innovative Environments of the Territory: Additional Education and Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Demichev Ilya
Published: March 2024

In the article, based on part of the conclusions of a qualitative study of the acceleration infrastructure of universities and the concept of social ecosystems, the hypothesis of the concept of innovative environments in the region is formulated. Starting from the organizational weakness of small and medium-sized businesses, the secondary nature of the acceleration infrastructure of universities, and its incorrect orientation to "entrepreneurship" with mandatory access to startups, the structural insufficiency of the innovation environment of the region is stated. The solution to this problem is supposed to be within the framework of the formation of the socio-technical infrastructure of the ecosystem of innovative environments that ensure the continuity of training, education, research and project activities, and the employment of students. Based on the idea of the role of organizational infrastructure in the functioning of socio-cultural communities or environments, as well as on the changes resulting from the "digital" nature of this infrastructure, the main features of the regional innovation ecosystem are conceptualized. It is an organizational and meaningful association of existing subjects of innovative activity, the core of which is the education system (school – college – university), around which a platform of "additional education" is formed with the participation of business and scientific institutions as the main "consumers" of graduates. The cell of the environment is a small working group of students under the mentorship of a teacher, which undergoes a variable design and research trajectory under the supervision of "consumers". The event part of the environment necessarily includes not only project and educational work directly but also a cultural and leisure component. The problem of using the results of research and development is supposed to be solved by either bringing groups into the space of existing business ecosystems (technoparks, etc.) or by using the institute of venture studios acting as operators of such sites. Such an ecosystem should be a universal educational space organized by a "package of services" and included in the "package of social services" of the territory, the variability of which is provided by the function of participating "consumers", as well as a combination of educational, research, cultural, and leisure programs. The testing of the provisions laid down was carried out in the spring and summer of 2023 during the competitive program of the Innovation Promotion Fund.
Why Was Peter Abelard Recognized as a Heretic?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Neretina Svetlana
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the origin, identification, and judgment (discussion) of philosophical heresy in the Christian Middle Ages (late 11th – 12th centuries), associated with the names of John Roscelin and Peter Abelard. The concepts of heresy, religion, and right – their not only philosophical and historical foundations but also etymological ones – are analyzed. Based on the original meaning of "heresy" as a "school of thought" and "choice", the author sees the similarity of these meanings with the term "religion", which Augustine understood as "re-election". "Right, ius" and "law, lex", which are closely connected with the divine world order (respectively, with religion and its rational-mystical foundation, i.e., with "schools of thought"), create together with them a kind of fundamental complex for the human community. However, the legal framework of this hostel creates opportunities for mutual understanding and interconnection of all these concepts, their internal intentions, and their external expressions. Since Christianity was understood as freedom of speech, equivalent to a natural divine and therefore unchangeable right, determined through a naturally inherent reason that contradicts a positive human changeable right, it is in Christianity that what was considered heresy as a deviation from the doctrinal establishment arises. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the teachings on the unity of the Trinity, i.e., the unity of the multitude, both by philosophers John Roscelin and Peter Abelard, were discussed at church councils as heretical because they were seen as an attempt to establish either degrees in the Trinity or the incarnation of all divine hypostases due to their absolute identity. In addition, Abelard made efforts to reconcile with the pagan philosophy of Plato, seeing in the world soul a similarity with the Holy Spirit, explaining such a scholastic duality of expression. The desire to see the world develop according to one scenario led to the adjustment of different concepts to each other.
Heresies in Early Egyptian Monasticism. Polemics Between Origenists and Anthropomorphites
Authors:   Center for Training Church Specialists of the Volgograd Eparchy, Patrin Vyacheslav
Published: March 2024

The controversy between origenists and anthropomorphites is an obscure and debated topic in the history of the Church. At the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries, the monastic communities of Egypt were involved in this controversy, and the consequences of this controversy had a great influence on the subsequent history of the Church. The central question of the controversy was the "image of God" in man. Representatives of the opposing sides conceptualized this biblical concept in different ways. The views of the Origenists in this polemic can be reconstructed from the surviving texts. Significant problems in the study of this topic are related to the party of the "anthropomorphites" and their teaching, since most of the information about "anthropomorphites" comes from their opponents. This article attempts to define the position of the "anthropomorphites" in the context of this controversy. Recognizing the possibility of using the expression "anthropomorphites" as a polemical cliché, we argue that the existence of the ideas of anthropomorphism of God among Egyptian monks was quite natural. However, in our opinion, the anthropomorphites, like the Messalians, were not a homogeneous group. On the basis of information from the sources, we can distinguish two types of so-called "anthropomorphites": those who attributed a human form to God and those who, on the contrary, denied that the deity had a human form. Common to these currents was the idea that the image of God was also present in the human body, as well as a negative attitude toward Origen. The view that this dispute was a dispute between evangelical realism and origenistic symbolism seems to us to be too free an interpretation of this polemic. Nor can we accept the idea that the Egyptian anthropomorphite movement had its roots in Jewish mysticism.
Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of the Brown Slime Cap Mushroom Chroogomphus rutilus (Agaricomycetes) Crude Polysaccharide In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Guo Lichao , Yao Qingguo , Lv Jianhua , Li Zhuang , Wang Li-An , Zhang Jinxiu
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, and it is very important to study new hypoglycemic active substances. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of Chroogomphus rutilus crude polysaccharide (CRCP) in HepG2 cells and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. A glucose consumption experiment conducted in HepG2 cells demonstrated the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of CRCP. Furthermore, CRCP exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects and effectively ameliorated insulin resistance in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. In high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, after 4 weeks of CRCP administration, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and insulin resistance index significantly decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were markedly increased. Moreover, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence labeling of tissue sections indicated that CRCP attenuated the pathological damage of liver and pancreas in diabetic mice. These results indicate that CRCP is a potential hypoglycemic agent.
DESIGN OF IMPLANTABLE ANTENNAS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kumar M. Satish , Medasani Sivasubramanyam , Sura Penchala Reddy , Addepalli Tathababu , Rao Jetti Chandra Sekhar , Kumar J. Prasanth , Swamy B. Y. V. N. R. , Siridhara A. L.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents miniaturized industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band implantable antennas for wireless biomedical applications such as leadless pacemaker systems. The proposed single and dual-band antennas are proposed with a folded-shaped radiator and open-ended slot in the
ground. The folded-shaped radiator is used to miniaturize the antenna, and the open-ended ground plane improves matching at the desired frequency. The proposed antennas operate at 2,460 MHz single band and 930 MHz and 2,450 MHz dual-band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) plots are
plotted at 2,460 MHz for the single-band antenna and at 930 MHz and 2,450 MHz for the dual-band antenna. The suggested antennas' main advantages include their small size, reduced ground plane, low SAR, and acceptable gain values when compared to those of previous designs. Utilizing HFSS software, a homogeneous muscle box is created for the miniaturized antenna and its associated devices.