bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomic dysfunction in patients with orthostatic dizziness
Authors: Lee Hyung , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: May 2023

Orthostatic dizziness is feeling dizzy or lightheaded when standing up. Hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness can be caused by autonomic dysfunction such as orthostatic hypotension or postural tachycardia syndrome. The interpretation of the autonomic function test results in patients with orthostatic dizziness is crucial for diagnosing and managing the underlying condition. The head-up tilt and Valsalva tests are especially important for evaluating adrenergic function in patients with hemodynamic orthostatic dizziness. However, it is important to note that autonomic function tests do not cover the entire diagnostic process, since their findings need to be considered along with the detailed history and physical examination results of the patient because various differential diagnoses exist for orthostatic dizziness. Ensuring appropriate treatment by interpreting the autonomic function test results can help to determine the improvement of and prevents falls from orthostatic dizziness.
Evaluation of Interrater Agreement in Determining the Prevalence of Iatrogenic Factors as a Graduation Project
Authors: Elif Çoker  , Öznur Sariyilmaz  , Raif Alan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

A healthy periodontium forms the basis of an aesthetic and functional dentition. Due to the reciprocal dynamic relationship between restorative dentistry and periodontal health, iatrogenic factors arising from restorative procedures are likely to have a negative effect on the periodontium. Awareness of these factors among dentistry students can lead to more progress in taking precautions and being careful against iatrogenic factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate failures in restorative treatments using panoramic radiographs as a graduation project.

METHODS

A total of 2622 PRs were randomly screened. After applying the exclusion criteria, 776 digital images containing at least one iatrogenic factor were analyzed. The measurement of the interrater agreement was calculated using Cohen's kappa coefficient.

RESULTS

This study included a sample size of 776 patients aged 18-85 years (435 females and 341 males). Most of the patients were in their 40s (27,45%). A total of 1662 treated teeth containing iatrogenic factors that may have possible negative effects on the periodontium were analyzed. Most of the teeth with improper restoration margins were more common in the maxillary molar region and also had bone loss. In addition, among the iatrogenic factors associated with endodontic treatment, inadequate root canal filling was observed the most, while perforation was the least. Interrater agreements were recorded at statistically significant levels of perfect, substantial and fair.

CONCLUSIONS

It is of great importance for dental students to increase their awareness by evaluating iatrogenic factors clinically and radiographically before graduation. Students also have the opportunity to test their knowledge, attitudes and skills that will be required after graduation, together with the academicians assigned to them as supervisors for the graduation projects.
Duração de teste de germinação de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.) Vaz & M. P. Lima
Authors: RIBEIRO DE SOUZA EDIMARA , OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA MANUELA , PEREIRA AMORIM SANTOS JIOVANA , DA SILVA CARVALHO EDVÂNIA , VITA REIS MENDONÇA ANDREA
Published: May 2023

Os testes de germinação são ferramentas indispensáveis na caracterização de lotes de sementes. Entretanto, não há prescrição para condução do teste de germinação para sementes de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.). As informações a respeito da espécie são limitadas a taxonomia e área de distribuição. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a duração do teste de germinação para sementes de P. blanchetii, com emprego de regressão segmentada. O experimento foi conduzido nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C, e quatro repetições de 25 sementes.  A curva de germinação foi ajustada por modelos de regressão response-platô: linear segmentado com platô (MPL) e o quadrático segmentado com platô (MPQ). Para a germinação, o MPQ apresentou o melhor ajuste a 20 °C e 25 °C. No entanto, nas temperaturas de 30 °C e 35 °C o desempenho dos dois modelos foi semelhante. Para a formação de plântulas normais o melhor ajuste dos dados foi no MPQ nas temperaturas de 25 °C e 30 °C, nas demais temperaturas o MPL apresentou melhor desempenho. A duração dos testes de germinação depende do critério de germinação e da temperatura. Para os testes de germinação, realizados em temperaturas de 30 °C ou 35 °C, ao adotar a protrusão radicular como critério de germinação, recomenda-se única contagem no quarto dia após a semeadura. Para avaliar a formação de plântulas normais, sugere-se primeira e segunda contagem, aos seis e nove dias.
Otoritas dan Kewenangan Mediator Non-Hakim Pasca Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 1 Tahun 2016 dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa di Lingkungan Peradilan Agama Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Mujib Abdul
Published: May 2023

Konflik yang terjadi ada yang dapat terselesaikan dengan baik oleh masing-masing pihak, namun juga banyak yang berujung menjadi sengketa di meja hijau. Penyelesaian melalu jalur litigasi merupakan upaya penyelesaian sengketa melalui jalur peradilan. Penyelesaian model ini acapkali menimbulkan rasa ketidak adilan, karena secar prinsip litigasi melahirkan kemenganagan bagi satu pihak dan loss bagi sebagian yang lain. Peradilan Agama, sebagai salah satu institusi penegak hukum di Indonesia, yang memiliki fungsi judicial dalam sengketa hukum keluarga dan sengketa hukum ekonomi syariah. Sebagaiaman yang diatur dalam Sebagaimana telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 3 tahun 2006, tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agamali meliputi perkara-perkara perkawinan, waris, wasiat, Hibah, wakaf, zakat, infaq, shadaqah, dan ekonomi syariah. Proses penyelesaian alternatif ini belum dianggap sebagai bentuk termudah dalam mengurai perselisihan, terlebih terkait dengan sengketa dalam keluarga dan bisnis syariah. Untuk itu ada beberapa alasan penting dari keterlibatan mediator profesional sebagaimana yang diamanatkan oleh PERMA tersebut, yaitu; Pertama, eksistensi mediator non-hakim dalam menyelesaikan sengketa-sengketa keluarga dan bisnis syariah dapat lebih maksimal baik dalam jalur peradilan maupun di luar peradilan. Kedua; Kekuatan prosedur mediasi non-hakim, semestinya dapat lebih memberikan peluang kepada para pihak yang bersengketa untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan. Ketiga; lartar belakang pendidikan serta wawasan mediator profesional pada prinsipnya akan dapat menjadi kekuatan tersendiri dalam mengupayakan perdaiaman dari para pihak.
Dialektika Islam dan Budaya: Studi Kasus Problematika Islam dan Permasalahan Sosial Politik
Authors: Abdurrahman Landy Trisna
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini akan mengkaji bagaimana penyelarasan pemahaman atas dalil-dalil (dogma normatif) Islam sebagai agama dan ajaran yang sempurna pada era kekinian melalui dialektika dengan budaya dan kondisi tatanan sosial kekinian. Dan bagaimana formulasi reinterpretasi sikap beragama pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia dalam rangka membumikan Islam yang bukan sekedar menjadi agama bagi pemeluknya, juga sebagai ajaran hidup untuk manusia. Untuk mengupas pembahasan ini, penulis menggunakan teori Internalisasi, Obyektivikasi, dan Eksternalisasi oleh Berger dan Luckman. Teori tiga proses konstruksi sosial ini dianggap penting, karena khususnya di Indonesia, Islam bukan saja menjadi agama, tetapi sudah menjadi agama yang membudaya. Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa problematika fenomena keagamaan yang kian dinamis di era kekinian menuntut Islam sebagai agama yang mencakup nilai-nilai universal hadir sebagai solusi. Tetapi masih banyak pemeluk agama Islam yang mengalami gagal paham dalam menghadirkan Islam sebagai solusi. Bahkan, menghadirkan wajah Islam sebagai sebuah masalah baru. Berimbas dari kontestasi antar kelompok/golongan/aliran/madzhab internal agama Islam, juga dengan pemeluk agama lain, yang sama-sama mengusung ego kebenaran masing-masing. Teori Konstruksi Sosial Berger menawarkan pembentukan ulang formulasi Islam yang terbarukan dan ramah terhadap perubahan budaya dan problematika; 1) Internalisasi; sebuah proses penguatan keyakinan (Iman) akan kebenaran yang dibawa oleh teks-teks normatif agama Islam. 2) Obyektivikasi; sebuah proses interaksi Islam sebagai agama, juga sebagai ilmu pengetahuan dengan kondisi sosial budaya pemeluknya.  3) Eksternalisasi. Sebuah proses penghasilan sikap dan tindakan yang selalu ramah dengan keragaman budaya lokal, tetapi juga tak sepenuhnya lepas dari teks normatif agama.
Konflik: Teori dan Ragam Penyelesaiannya di Indonesia
Authors: Musaffa Muhamad Ulul Albab
Published: May 2023

Eksistensi manusia tidak lepas dari gesekan konflik dan sengketa dalam laku kehidupan. Tiap agama manapun tidak akan mengajarkan pada pengikutnya untuk saling bermusuhan dan melakukan aniaya, bahkan Islam sendiri mengajarkan sikap kasih sayang kepada makhluk di alam semesta. adanya lembaga dalam menengahi sengketa atau konflik bisa memberikan dampak positif bagi yang berperkara, akan tetapi bagaimana jika lembaga yang bertujuan untuk mendamaikan justru masih terkendala proses administrasi yang rumit dan waktu yang relative lama? Artikel ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan normative-deskriptif. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui teori konflik dan bagaimana ragam penyelesaiannya di Indonesia. Diketahui bahwa di Indonesia mengenal dua cara dalam menyelesaikan konflik atau sengketa, yaitu litigasi dan non litigasi. Namun ada cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien yaitu Small Claim Court (SCC) yang dianggap bisa memberikan harapan bagi para pihak yang bersengketa untuk mendapatkan hasil yang cepat, murah, efisien dan memiliki putusan yang mengikat secara hukum
Presidential Threshold: Pengaruh Penerapannya dalam Perkembangan Demokrasi Indonesia
Authors: Anindya Rifka , Musaffa Muhammad Ulul Albab
Published: May 2023

Senyatanya, Presedensial Threshold telah memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan dan kebebasan demokrasi di Indonesia dalam pemilihan Capres dan Cawapres. Akan tetapi terdapat persoalan mengenai persentase minimal yang ditetapkan, akibatnya jumlah pasangan Capres dan Cawapres semakin mengerucut dan secara tidak langsung ruang demokrasi dalam pencalonan semakin sempit bagi rakyat. Artikel ini mengulas bagaimana kondisi serta pengaruhnya terhadap kebebasan demokrasi di Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dan menggunakan sosio-analitik terhadap dampak kebijakan Presidential Threshold pada masyarakat Indonesia melalui hasil tulisan, diskusi politik, kritik masyarakat dan para pengamat politik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Presidential Threshold -secara umum- memang efektif dalam menyeleksi pasangan calon yang dianggap layak namun dengan membatasi hak pilih rakyat hanya pada dua atau tiga pasangan calon bukan cara yang terbaik. Di sisi lain penerapan Presidential Threshold dianggap tidak perlu sebab rakyat Indonesia berhak memilih pemimpinnya tanpa perlu dibatasi oleh ketentuan ambang batas. Sebagai catatan Mahkamah Konstitusi perlu melakukan pengujian secara benar berdasarkan asas demokrasi dalam penerapan Presidential Threshold.
Hukum Pidana Perpajakan: Sanksi Pidana dalam Pajak Penghasilan Pribadi
Authors: Rosyda Farrah Syamala
Published: May 2023

Tindak pidana perpajakan terdapat dua sanksi yaitu sanksi pidana dan sanksi administrasi. Tindak pidana perpajakan termasuk dalam hukum pidana khusus. Tata cara penyidikan dan penuntutannya berbeda dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dirumuskan apa saja pelanggaran yang menggunakan sanksi pidana dan mana yang menggunakan sanksi administrasi,Bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana dan bagaimana tatacara penyidikan dan penuntutannya. Tujuan dirumuskan permasalahan agar mengetahui pelanggaran apa saja yang mendapatkan sanksi pidana dan bagaimana penerapannya serta mengetahui tatacara penyidikan dan penuntutannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi.Subyek penelitiannya adalah sanksi pidana dan obyeknya adalah pejabat pajak. Jalannya penelitian yang pertama melakukan ijin penelitian, persiapan kuisoner dan alat pengumpulan data lainnya.Pelaksanaan penelitian adalah wawancara dan pengumpulan data dokumen yang berasal dari buku-buku, Undang-undang dan data yang berasal dari internet.Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendapatkan data deskriptif analitis.  Sanksi pidana dalam pajak penghasilan terdapat dalam Pasal 38-39A UU tentang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan, meliputi antara lain tidak menyampaikan surat pemberitahuan atau menyampaikan surat pemberitahuan yang tidak benar, tidak mempunyai NPWP, menyalahgunakan NPWP, pemalsuan surat pemberitahuan, menolak untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan, tidak menyetorkan pajak yang telah dipotong atau dipungut. Kekhususan tata cara penyidikan dan penuntutan adalah penyidikan dilakukan oleh penyidik dari pejabat PNS direktori jenderal pajak.
Kelompok Minoritas LGBT di Aceh dalam Perspektif Keagamaan dan Kebangsaan
Authors: Rahmat Rahmat
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini menawarkan gagasan alternatif dalam perspektif keagamaan dan kebangsaan yang lebih komprehensif dan inklusif. Di Aceh, peraturan tersebut telah merusak hak privasi dan membuka intervensi terhadap hak-hak privasi seseorang. Ancaman hukuman cambuk dan denda hukuman tersebut sangat tidak manusiawi dan bahkan merendahkan martabat manusia. Praktik pengadilan Ditambah Mahkamah Syariat Aceh untuk kasus qanun jinayat dan tidak adanya akses bantuan hukum dan pembelaan hak-hak mereka di pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mendalami masalah LGBT dalam perspektif kagamaan dan kebangsaan. Analisis ini peneliti menggunakan literatu-literatur baik buku, jurnal media online maupun media cetak yang relevan dengan masalah LGBT di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif Islam, orang yang diciptakan dan memiliki ekpresi orientasi seksual yang berbeda sejak lahir tidak berdosa dan juga tidak boleh ada diskriminasi. Sementara orang yang memiliki perilaku seksual yang menyimpang dari kudratnya baik sebagai perempuan maupun laki-laki sangat dilarang oleh agama bahkan dapat dipidanakan secara konstitusional.  Dalam rezim hukum Indonesia, beberapa regulasi baik secara normatif maupun substantif harus memberikan kepastian terhadap keamanan kebebasan bersama. Karena individu LGBT hidup di hampir semua aspek dunia, mereka sangat penting untuk budaya, identitas, dan agama tertentu. Mereka termasuk kelompok yang memiliki hak istimewa dan perlu diperhatikan. Namun di negara tertentu kelompok LGBT masih mengalami segregasi karena kepribadian dan arah seksual yang dinilai berbeda.
An Emphatic Perspective: How Do Pre-School and Classroom Teacher Candidates Interpret Child Abuse and Neglect?
Authors: Deliveli Kısmet
Published: May 2023

This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of teacher candidates regarding child abuse and neglect as well as propose preventive measures. Utilizing a phenomenological design, a qualitative research method, the study focuses on understanding the unique experiences of individuals. The sample was selected through purposive random sampling and homogeneous sampling techniques. Data was gathered from 13 participants, including 7 elementary education candidates and 6 pre-school education candidates, at the Faculty of Education of a public university in Turkey during the 2018-2019 academic year. The participants' work was analyzed using "content and descriptive analysis" methods. The study found that teacher candidates depicted child abuse and neglect as "a distressing situation that makes children unhappy." In their drawings, they predominantly used black to represent abused children, while abusers were symbolized through metaphors such as "dirty, darkened hands." The research demonstrated that the teacher candidates were capable of defining child abuse, understanding its various forms, empathizing with the emotions of abused children, and proposing potential solutions.
A Lost Year? Perspectives of foreign language students before and after the COVID-19
Authors: Ayaz Mehmet Ali , Yagcı Esed
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences between face-to-face and online education based on the opinions of two groups of students using the qualitative method and a comparative case study design. Of the 38 tertiary-level participants, 19 had finished the program before COVID-19, while the other 19 completed it online during quarantine. A structured interview form was used for collecting the participants’ opinions online, and content analysis was utilized for data analysis. The analysis resulted in three main themes were expectations, learning processes and outcomes. The first theme, expectations, yielded two shared categories for both groups: four language skills and academic/departmental expectations. Also, one separate category appeared for the face-to-face group: daily use of language. The second theme, the learning process, produced a shared category that was related to educational opportunities. The different categories were classroom atmosphere for the online group and physical opportunities/facilities for the face-to-face group. The last theme, which was about the outcomes of the program, provided two shared categories: faculty use and faculty-level challenges. The findings showed that participants’ opinions about online and face-to-face language programs were mostly similar. More comparative studies should be conducted to further explore the differences between online and face-to-face education in the long term.
Bullying from the Perspective of Multigrade Classroom Teachers
Authors: Tastan Mehmet Ali , Bezci Filiz
Published: May 2023

Multigrade classrooms are classrooms where multiple grades are combined into a single class due to factors such as small numbers of students, teachers, or classrooms, and they are usually taught by one teacher. This study examined the opinions of primary school teachers with experience in multigrade classrooms regarding bullying. The teachers’ opinions were examined within the categories of definitions of bullying behaviors, types and causes, coping strategies, effects, and preventive measures. The qualitative research method of multiple case studies was applied. The teacher group was selected from among a readily accessible sample and semi-structured interview forms were administered. MAXQDA 2020 software was used to analyze the data and organize the findings. These findings showed that bullying behavior is generally exhibited by older and stronger students, and that the presence of different age groups together also contributes to bullying behavior. It was concluded that age differences stood out in the definitions of bullying offered by teachers in multigrade classrooms, and verbal, physical, and social types of bullying were observed. It is recommended that courses on multigrade classrooms and bullying be added to primary teacher education programs, “Teaching in Multigrade Classrooms” be made a mandatory course, and issues related to bullying be included in the contents of that course to ensure the development of teachers in these areas.
Opinions of Academicians on Online Education: The Case of Akdeniz University Faculty of Communication in the COVID-19 Process
Authors: Adalı Aydin Gülten , Aydin Sukru
Published: May 2023

Distance education, which has become the only option for continuing education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has become a platform that needs to be explored and used effectively for both students and faculty members. The study aims to reveal the problems experienced in the transition to online education during the COVID-19 process and to search for solutions. Using a basic qualitative research design, the study was conducted with 10 faculty members who had experience with the online education process at Akdeniz University Faculty of Communication. The data collected through a semi-structured interview form created by the researcher were analyzed by content analysis. The study revealed that the online education process interrupted the social relations and interaction between the student and the instructor, but technically facilitated the academics' adaptation to the process by increasing their technological skills and that the academics were satisfied with the distance education platforms offered by their institutions. Academics who survived the acclimation period said they had adapted to the new system and suggested that face-to-face and online education should be implemented in a hybrid form in the future.
Renoprotective Effect Of Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata) Leaf Extract On Lipopolysaccharide – Induced Septic Rats
Authors: Prananta Adhika Bastian Bagas , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Ariosta Ariosta , Retnoningrum Dwi , Salsabela Rezya , Karlowee Vega , Susilaningsih Neni
Published: May 2023

Background: Associated with sepsis is the illness known as acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be mediated by uric acid, and blood creatinine levels can be utilized to diagnose the condition to measure kidney function. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is a traditional medicine that has flavonoid compounds that can reduce creatinine levels and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors which can reduce uric acid levels.Objective: Septic model rats generated by lipopolysaccharide were used to test the effects of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract on serum creatinine and uric acid levels (LPS).Methods: This study was experimental employing 25 rats split into 5 groups as the post-test alone control group: healthy control with standard feed (HC), negative control with LPS injection(NC), Treatment (T)1 (A.Paniculata 200 mg/kgBW+LPS), T2(A.paniculata 400 mg/kgBW+LPS), and T3(A.paniculata 500mg/kgBW+ LPS). A.paniculata leaf extract was given via oral gavage on day 8-21. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS 5 mg/kgBW was given on day 22. On the 25th day, the blood serum was analyzed for creatinine levels using Jaffe method and uric acid was analyzed using the enzymatic photometric method. One-way analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the data.Results: The mean creatinine levels of HC,NC,T1,T2,T3 were 0.7±0.01;3.5±0.04;2.9±0.03;1.9±0.05; 1.3 ±0.04 mg/dl respectively. The mean uric acid levels of HC.NC.T1.T2.T3 were 1.7±0.05;8.2±0.11; 4.5±0.03;4.0±0.12;3.0±0.19 mg/dl respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in creatinine levels in groups T2(p=0.031) and T3(p=0.001) to NC group and serum uric acid levels in groups T1(p<0.001), T2(p<0.001), and T3(p<0.001) to NC group which creatinine and uric acid levels were lower than NC group.Conclusion: Andrographis paniculata leaf extract has renoprotective effect against AKI in LPS-induced septic ratsKeywords: Andrographis paniculata, creatinine, uric acid, lipopolysaccharide, AKI, sepsis
On the spectral large sieve inequality for symmetric-squares
Authors: Young Matthew P.
Published: May 2023

We improve on the spectral large sieve inequality for symmetric-squares. We also prove a lower bound showing that the most optimistic upper bound is not true for this family.
Simple 𝔰𝔩(V)-modules which are free over an abelian subalgebra
Authors: Nilsson Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Let

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

be a parabolic subalgebra of

𝔰
⁢
𝔩
⁢

(
V
)

{\mathfrak{sl}(V)}

of maximal dimension
and let

𝔫
⊂
𝔭

{\mathfrak{n}\subset\mathfrak{p}}

be the corresponding nilradical. In this paper, we classify the set of

𝔰
⁢
𝔩
⁢

(
V
)

{\mathfrak{sl}(V)}

-modules whose restriction to

U
⁢

(
𝔫
)

{U(\mathfrak{n})}

is free of rank 1. It turns out that isomorphism classes of such modules are parametrized by polynomials in

dim
⁡
V

-
1

{\dim V-1}

variables. We determine the submodule structure for these modules and we show that they generically are simple.
Sharp constants for multilinear Hausdorff operators on local Morrey-type spaces
Authors: An Na , Wei Mingquan , Zhao Fayou
Published: May 2023

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of multilinear Hausdorff
operators on local Morrey-type spaces are obtained and
sharp constants are also given. As applications, we generalize our results
to some concrete operators derived from Hausdorff operators, such as the
Hardy operator and its dual operator, the weighted Hardy–Littlewood average, among others.
Faithful representations of the Galilean Lie algebra in two spatial dimensions
Authors: Wu Liang , Tan Youjun
Published: May 2023

Let𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}be the Galilean Lie algebra in 2+1 space-times. It is known that there is no faithful representation of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}given by derivations with homogeneous coefficients of degree 1 on the polynomial ringℝ⁢[x1,…,xn]{\mathbb{R}[x_{1},\dots,x_{n}]}forn≤3{n\leq 3}. In this paper, we consider such representations of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}forn=4{n=4}. By classifying all collections of Galilean matrices of order 4 up to conjugation, which yields a complete classification of faithful𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}-modules of dimension 4, we show that all such faithful representations of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}onℝ⁢[x1,…,x4]{\mathbb{R}[x_{1},\dots,x_{4}]}are classified into two types up to equivalence, each of which is parameterized byℝ3{\mathbb{R}^{3}}. As a byproduct, we show that all faithful𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}-modules of dimension 4 are indecomposable.
Attenuation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity by naringin nanoparticles in a rat model
Authors: Al-Qahtani Malak Abdullah , Virk Promy , Awad Manal , Elobeid Mai , Alotaibi Khawlah Sultan
Published: May 2023

This study assessed the protective effect of citrus flavanone, naringin (Nar), and its nanoformulation against di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) toxicity in albino rats. Keeping green nanotechnology as the cornerstone, nanoparticles of Nar were synthesized and characterized using electron microscopy (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), particle size distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The synthesized nanoparticles were primarily spherical with an average size of 109 nm and a low polydispersity index of 0.175. Mature male albino rats were used for the exposure study. Group I was negative control. Groups II, III, and IV were exposed to (250 mg·kg b·wt−1) DEHP for 3 weeks. Group III was treated with bulk Nar (5 mg·kg b·wt−1), and group IV was treated with non-naringin (NNar) (5 mg·kg b·wt−1). Group V was exposed only to NNar. Exposure to DEHP significantly enhanced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, 6, 8 (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, the repression of hepatic mRNA expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 was also observed. In addition, marked histopathological alterations were observed in the hepatic and renal tissues. Treatment with both Nar and NNar significantly alleviated the DEHP-induced oxidative stress/inflammatory response along with the associated histological alterations. However, therapeutic utility of NNar was more profound underlining its potential in nutraceutical therapeutics with high green credentials.
Morse boundaries of graphs of groups with finite edge groups
Authors: Zbinden Stefanie
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we prove that the Morse boundary of a free product depends only on the Morse boundary of its factors.
In fact, we also prove the analogous result for graphs of groups with finite edge groups and infinitely many ends.
This generalizes earlier work of Martin and Świątkowski in the case of non-hyperbolic groups.
Relating the super domination and 2-domination numbers in cactus graphs
Authors: Cabrera-Martínez Abel , Peiró Andrea Conchado
Published: May 2023

A set

D
⊆
V

(

G

)

D\subseteq V\left(G)

is a super dominating set of a graph

G

G

if for every vertex

u
∈
V

(

G

)

\
D

u\in V\left(G)\setminus D

, there exists a vertex

v
∈
D

v\in D

such that

N

(

v

)

\
D
=

{

u

}

N\left(v)\setminus D=\left\{u\right\}

. The super domination number of

G

G

, denoted by

γ

s
p

(

G

)

{\gamma }_{sp}\left(G)

, is the minimum cardinality among all super dominating sets of

G

G

. In this article, we show that if

G

G

is a cactus graph with

k

(

G

)

k\left(G)

cycles, then

γ

s
p

(

G

)

≤

γ

2

(

G

)

+
k

(

G

)

{\gamma }_{sp}\left(G)\le {\gamma }_{2}\left(G)+k\left(G)

, where

γ

2

(

G

)

{\gamma }_{2}\left(G)

is the 2-domination number of

G

G

. In addition, and as a consequence of the previous relationship, we show that if

T

T

is a tree of order at least three, then

γ

s
p

(

T

)

≤
α

(

T

)

+
s

(

T

)

−
1

{\gamma }_{sp}\left(T)\le \alpha \left(T)+s\left(T)-1

and characterize the trees attaining this bound, where

α

(

T

)

\alpha \left(T)

and

s

(

T

)

s\left(T)

are the independence number and the number of support vertices of

T

T

, respectively.
Back-propagation-assisted inverse design of structured light fields for given profiles of optical force
Authors: Zhao Xiaoshu , Lin Haoze , Chen Huajin , Zheng Hongxia , Ng Jack
Published: May 2023

Designing a monochromatic spatially-structured light field that recovers the pre-specified profile of optical force (OF) exerted on a particle is an inverse problem. It usually requires high dimensional optimization and involves lengthy calculations, thus remaining little studied despite decades of research on OF. We report here the first attempt to attack this inverse design problem. The modus operandi relies on the back-propagation algorithm, which is facilitated by the currently available machine learning framework, and, in particular, by an exact and efficient expression of OF that shows only polynomial and trigonometric functional dependence on the engineered parameters governing the structured light field. Two illustrative examples are presented in which the inversely designed structured light fields reproduce, respectively, a predefined spatial pattern of OF and a negative longitudinal OF in a transversely trapping area.
Dielectric dual-dimer metasurface for enhanced mid-infrared chiral sensing under both excitation modes
Authors: Li Jingyan , Ye Longfang
Published: May 2023

Chirality (C) is a fundamental symmetry property of objects. Detecting and distinguishing molecular chirality in the infrared spectrum is important in life sciences, biology, and chemistry. In this paper, we demonstrate an achiral metasurface based on a gaped dual-germanium-dimer array for enhanced mid-infrared chiral sensing under both circularly polarized light (CPL) and linearly polarized light (LPL) excitations. With the metasurface, strong electric and magnetic dipole resonances with large field enhancement can be generated, resulting in an accessible superchiral hotspot in the dimer gaps under both excitation modes. The maximum electric and magnetic field enhancements exceed 220 and 100 for the bare metasurface, and exceed 70 and 60 for the metasurface coated with a 50 nm chiral biolayer under both excitations, respectively. Importantly, a high volume-averaged C enhancement C

E_ave
of 241 (444) and C

E_ave_bio
of 161 (102) under CPL (LPL) excitation can be achieved for the bare metasurface and it coated with the chiral biolayer, respectively. These results may open up new possibilities for ultrasensitive vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and rotational optical dispersion (ORD) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range.
Numerical investigation of total temperature distortion problem in a multistage fan based on body force approach
Authors: Guo Jin , Hu Jun , Tu Baofeng
Published: May 2023

This paper applies a body force model developed recently to investigate the interaction between total temperature distortion and a multistage fan. The off-design performance of the fan shows the reasonable predicting accuracy and supports the present model is applicable for high-speed multistage machines. The transfer behaviors of 90° steady-state circumferential total temperature distortion as well as combined total pressure and total temperature distortion in the multistage environment are captured successfully by the model. The mechanism of the phase shift of the high temperature sector is discussed by the model to advance the understanding of the total temperature distortion problem. The results reveal that the large-scale flow feature of total temperature distortion in the multistage environment can be capably quantified by the present body force model with the acceptable computational consumption.
Study of a new effervescent atomizer design
Authors: Levitsky Inna , Razoronov Nikolay
Published: May 2023

We propose a new type of effervescent atomizer with bushings installed in the liquid channel perpendicular to the channel’s axis. Bushings have holes through which air is injected to create bubbles. The air is released into the gap between the channel and the bushing. This investigation evaluates the bubbles’ atomization quality. Atomizer tests were conducted at multiple water and air flow rates, under different configurations, without an exit nozzle and with a 2 mm nozzle diameter. The atomizer’s design enables a homogenous bubble flow with small air bubbles. At an ALR = 0.012–0.036 and water flow rates of 1.67 and 2.17 L/min without an exit nozzle, bubble diameters of 0.2–0.4 mm comprised 40–50% of the total number of bubbles. The number of the bubbles with diameters of 0.8–1.0 mm does not exceed 5%. After increasing the injection parameter ε twice, the average diameter of the bubbles remained constant. Upon testing, an atomizer with one bushing, 2 mm-diameter outlet nozzle, and a water flow rate of 1.67 L/min produced particle diameters of SMD = 32–100 μm at ALR values of 0.02–0.12.
A pártpreferencia és a kommunikációs csatorna bizalom hatása az országimázsra
Authors: Dobó Róbert
Published: May 2023

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A 2022-es évi országgyűlési választások, valamint az elmúlt időszak eseményei, beleértve a 2022 februárját követő harci cselekményeket Ukrajnában, befolyással vannak egy-egy ország nemzetközi megítélésére. A politikai pártok kampánykommunikációjuk során állásfoglalásokat tesznek történésekkel és irányelvekkel kapcsolatban, melyek célja befolyásolni a szavazókat elvi kérdések mentén. Célom vizsgálni, hogy Magyarországon a pártpreferenciának milyen hatása vannak egyrészt a tájékozódási szokásokra, mennyiben befolyásolja a pártok megítélése a különböző marketingkommunikációs csatornák bizalmát. Másrészt vizsgálom, hogy e preferencia hatással van-e a tanulmány során vizsgált tíz ország megítélésére.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
Kutatásom során szekunder statisztikai adatokra illetve primer kvantitatív kérdőíves kutatásra támaszkodom.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A választók preferenciáit tükrözik a tájékozódásra használt kommunikációs csatornák. A kormánypárti és ellenzéki vonalon polarizáció figyelhető meg a csatornák bizalmi indexei alapján. A kormánypárti szavazók inkább a hagyományos csatornákon keresztül, míg az ellenzéki szavazók inkább online és közösségi médiafelületeken keresztül tájékozódnak, mely adatok megerősítik korábbi piackutatások eredményeit is. Amennyiben az országok értékelését vizsgáljuk, úgy hasonló csoportokat vagyunk képesek azonosítani két esetben is, a közszolgálati televízióban inkább megbízók illetve a teljes minta összevetésével, valamint a kormánypárti és ellenzéki szavazók értékelését vizsgálva is.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Az adatok alapján érdemes a kommunikációs csatornák bizalmát tovább vizsgálni, annak érdekében, hogy a hitelesség mélyebb megértésére legyünk képesek és ezzel befolyásoljuk egy-egy kevésbé preferált csatorna megítélését. A kutatás a csatornán keresztül érkező politikai narratíva működésébe enged bepillantást, így javasolt, hogy az országimázs (ország-elfogadottság) kutatások során, ennek a hatását figyelembe vegyük.
A külső referenciaárak megjelenítésének fogyasztói árértékelésre és döntésre gyakorolt hatásának szemkamerás vizsgálata
Authors: Lipták Lilla , Prónay Szabolcs
Published: May 2023

A tanulmány célja

A viselkedés-gazdaságtan szerint a fogyasztók gyakran alkalmaznak heurisztikákat, amikor döntést kell hozniuk. Ez torzított észleléshez, értékeléshez és végső soron döntéshozáshoz vezethet. Kutatásunk során ezen heurisztikák pár sajátos típusát vizsgáltuk meg. Ezek voltak a veszteségkerülés, a keretezés és a referenciapont hatás. A kutatásunk során a célunk az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk, hogy ezen jelenségek alkalmazása a külső referenciaárak megjelenítésében hogyan hat a fogyasztók árértékelésére illetve döntésére.

Módszertan

Kutatásunk során egy viszonylag új módszertant, szemkamerás kísérletet, alkalmaztunk, amelyet kiegészítettünk interjúkkal és ártudatos viselkedéssel kapcsolatos attitűd skálával. Ezt azért tartottuk fontosnak, mert így az újszerű szemkamerás eredmények mellett - amelyek kvantitatív és kvalitatív adatelemzésre is lehetőséget adtak - a mélyinterjúk segítségével további fogyasztói insightokat kaptunk, míg az attitűd-skála lehetőséget adott arra, hogy a kísérletben résztvevőket az ártudatos viselkedésük szerint is csoportosítsuk.

Eredmények

Azt találtuk, hogy azok, akik hosszabb ideig fixálódtak az árakon pontosabban tudták azokat visszaidézni. Ezen felül a szemkamera alapján elmondható, hogy a fogyasztók jobban koncentrálnak egy ajánlatban az eredeti árra, tehát érdemes lehet ezt jobban kiemelni az akciós árhoz képest. Érdekes módon az ártudatosság és az árakon töltött fixációk száma és hossza között negatív összefüggést találtunk, aminek oka lehet, hogy az alapvetően ártudatosabbak már rendelkeznek árinformációkkal a termékekkel kapcsolatban, így azokat nem kell annyira hosszan nézniük.

Gyakorlati javaslatok

Gyakorlati javaslatként egyrészt megfogalmazható, hogy egy akciós áron belül fel kell tűntetni és érdemes kiemelni az eredeti árat. Másrészt elmondható, hogy egy összetett ajánlaton belül az árat jobb az ajánlat végén szerepeltetni, kivéve, ha a hirdető célja éppen az ár kihangsúlyozása. Kiderült az is, hogy a különböző ártudatossággal rendelkezők másképp fogadják be az ajánlatokat, így érdemes lehet a szegmentálás és célcsoportválasztást során ezt is figyelembe venni.
Acceptability, Suitability, and Feasibility of an Evidence-Based Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk Behaviors: Engaging Comadronas in HIV Prevention in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Nogueira Nicholas F. , Salazar Ana S. , Hernandez Lucila , Orr Jessica , Beato Paola , Alcaide Maria L. , Peragallo Montano Nilda , Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Natalia , Jones Deborah L. , Orrego Dunleavy Victoria
Published: May 2023

This study addresses rural Guatemala's poor maternal health and HIV status by culturally adapting an evidence-based HIV intervention, SEPA (Self-Care, Education, Prevention, Self-Care), to extend the capacity of comadronas (Mayan birth attendants) as HIV prevention providers. This mixed-method study examined the acceptability, suitability, and feasibility of SEPA presented to traditional elder and a younger cohort of comadronas over three sessions. Outcome variables were reported as mean scores. Open-ended qualitative responses were categorized under central themes. Session 1, 2, and 3 acceptability (4.6/5, 4.6/5, 4.8/5), suitability (4.7/5, 4.6/5, 4.9/5), and feasibility (4.4/5, 4.7/5, 4.8/5) remained high across sessions. While comadronas reported that information was difficult, they reported high levels of understanding and comfort with SEPA content and they also found it to be culturally appropriate, increasing their confidence to discuss HIV with their community. The broader utilization of comadronas could create a pathway to enhance reproductive health among indigenous women.
Overlapping Origins, Diverging Paths
Authors: Brown Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Although public historians and public intellectuals were present in the United States long before the 1970s and 80s, in those decades these terms emerged as focal points for intensified debates about the roles to which they pointed. Those debates shared more than chronological proximity; they had common questions and concerns. As The Public Historian marks its forty-fifth year, comparing discussions about public historians to those about public intellectuals casts new light on a question posed at the outset and present since: what is public history? This comparison highlights the development of public history as a process—rather than the public historian as a role or public history as a product—and locates it in a broader reconfiguration of academic authority in the public sphere over the last fifty years, which included “public intellectuals” and movements for public sociology, public philosophy, and public humanities. Whereas the authoritative voice remained central to the role of the public intellectual, the process of public history was the ground for a shift to shared authority. Developments in theory and practice in the field of public history therefore resonate beyond it: they constitute one of the richest bodies of work grappling with the always-contested place of experts, professionals, and intellectuals in American democracy.
Pathologic View of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Authors: Kang Yoo Na
Published: May 2023

Among pancreatic cystic lesions, mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas are precursor lesions of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IPMN is characterized by intraductal papillary proliferation of mucin-producing epithelial cells that exhibit various degrees of dysplasia. IPMN is classified as the main duct type (MD-IPMN), mixed type and the branch duct type (BD-IPMN) according to the location of involvement, and into four histological subtypes (gastric, intestinal, pancreatobiliary, and oncocytic) according to the histomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Most patients with MD-IPMN undergo tumor resection due to moderate to high risk of malignancy. Patients with BD-IPMN who do not undergo resection may develop malignant change, and concomitant separate pancreatic cancer occurs in 2-10% of patients with IPMN. Patients with BD-IPMN who do not undergo resection should do careful surveillance including endoscopic ultrasound sonography for the early detection of malignant change and separate pancreatic cancer.
Acute Cholangitis with Common Bile Duct Stone Caused by Lactococcus garvieae: A Case Report
Authors: Lee June Seok , Han Jimin , Jeong Han Taek , Bae June Hwa , Kim Ho Gak , Kwon Hyun Hee
Published: May 2023

Lactococcus garvieae is a Gram-positive cocci that has been known to be a fish pathogen, and considered as a low virulence organism rarely associated with human infection. We report a case of acute cholangitis with common bile duct (CBD) stone and bacteremia by L. garvieae bacteremia in a 70-year-old male. The patient presented with epigastric pain and was diagnosed with two CBD stones. Blood culture obtained prior to empiric antimicrobial therapy with ceftizoxime sodium showed growth with Escherichia coli and L. garvieae. The bacteria were confirmed by matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Initial attempt at endoscopic biliary drainage failed, and the patient underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and subsequent stone removal. He occasionally ingested raw fish and had a history of gastric ulcer with acid suppression therapy, which could be possible risk factors for L. garvieae infection. This is the first case of L. garvieae bacteremia in acute cholangitis.
Integrated Lesson as a Way to Form a Foreign Language Culture of Primary Students
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Mikheeva Daria G.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of integrated lessons on the formation of a foreign language culture of primary students. Since at the stage of modern education, teachers are faced with the task of forming holistic knowledge among students, so that when they leave school, they have a complete picture of the world and worldview, then integrated lessons, as a form of non-traditional lesson, are a very effective technique. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of integrated lessons as a way to form a foreign language culture of primary students. The methodology is based on the study of general approaches to the organization of integrated learning, the system of its methods and techniques. The main research method is theoretical, including analysis of the literature on the research problem, synthesis, generalization and interpretation of data. Conducting integrated lessons in combination with traditional lessons contributes to the effective formation of educational and cognitive activity of primary schoolchildren. Integrated lessons provide an opportunity to form a worldview, practical skills that contribute to the development of productive thinking, cognitive activity, the development of the student’s volitional qualities, memory, and the development of the ability to express their opinion. In conclusion, integrated foreign language lessons with other academic disciplines contribute to the formation of a creative, comprehensively developed, tolerant, independent, responsible and capable of thinking personality. Integrated lessons contribute to the formation of a foreign language culture among primary students.
Developing Foreign Language Communicative Competence of Senior Students on Basis of Web-quests Technology at the Pedagogical University
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Antropova Rimma M.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the problem of developing communicative competence in a foreign language in a pedagogical university for undergraduate students. The stages of work on a web quest are analyzed from the point of view of communicative interaction of students in the context of digitalization of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of the educational technology of web quests in the educational process in order to form a foreign language communicative competence of student teachers in the senior courses of a pedagogical university. Methodology and research methods. The study was carried out as part of the introduction of a project-based learning system into the program of the discipline “Foreign Language” / “Practice of Oral and Written Speech” at the senior courses of the Institute of Childhood and the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University in order to expand interactive methods for the formation and improvement of the communicative competence of students. The methods used were the analysis of methodological, psychological-pedagogical and special scientific/professional literature on the research problem, pedagogical observation of the students’ communicative activity, analysis of experimental data obtained during the survey. Research results. The article describes the communicative actions of students in a foreign language in stages in accordance with the logic of building a web quest. They are also correlated with the “ideal pattern”– the teacher’s communicative culture. Some features of foreign language communication of students– future teachers– the use of high tones at the phonetic level are named. The predominance of imperative speech at the grammatical level. At the lexical level– the exploitation of the same language clichés in various communicative situations instead of various language formulas. A number of web quests on the topic “Man and the Environment” were developed and tested at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and the Institute of Childhood for specialties with a specialized foreign language. Conclusion. The problem of developing foreign language communicative competence is one of the key ones for teachers teaching a foreign language. In the context of the digitalization of education, higher education teachers are turning to methods of teaching a foreign language, combining the intensive development of language competence and the use of the Internet. Such a synthesis allows them to achieve high results in the involvement of students in communicative activities and, as a result, the development of foreign language communicative competence.