bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsibility for destruction of Serbian national heritage during international mandate in K&M
Authors: Stevanović Miroslav
Published: February 2022

After the suspension of the unilateral North Atlantic Treaty Organization's attack on FR Yugoslavia, without an appropriate decision of the United Nations Security Council, in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija an international legal order has been introduced, under the auspices of the UN Security Council, with the participation of regional international organizations. Since then, some of these organizations, despite being mandated in K&M in accordance with the decisions of the UN Security Council, not only violated its binding Resolution by supporting and transferring competencies to the separatist entity, but also did not perform the duties from the assigned mandates. The inaction and internationally wrongful acts of these organizations resulted in the widespread devastation of the Serbian heritage and the removal of traces of the Serbian presence in the region that is the territorial and spiritual root of the nation. This article discusses the international legal responsibility of international organizations that had a mandate to provide standards in the southern Autonomous Province of the Republic of Serbia, for the harm caused to the Serbian national heritage during international presence. The need to shed light on this issue stems from the possible risk for international law if the destruction of the millennial national heritage, under the international mandate, remains with impunity.
Approach to the problem of information protection in the organization
Authors: Miletić Perica
Published: February 2022

Information is a strategic resource of modern society, hence the importance that their protection has for the functioning of organizations, as well as for their very survival. Scientific theory today agrees that the issue of security, ie protection of information and their resources goes beyond the area of necessary knowledge that is exclusively technical in nature and without which it is not possible to establish an information system, but that non-technical aspects are crucial for the information protection process. culture, size of the organization, amount of budget for security needs and more. The process of arranging information protection in an organization largely depends on understanding the relationship between the concepts of information security (IS) and IT security / security in the IT field, where in practice there is a harmful practice that IT security is superior. The term information protection (IS). This practice leads to neglect of non-technical aspects of information protection as part of the organization's security system, and especially in the area of developing employees' awareness of safe behavior within the organization, which ultimately gives the organization greater exposure to security challenges, risks and threats.
Terrorism as a contemporary security challenge
Authors: Lakušić Milovan , Lolić Sofija
Published: February 2022

Terrorism is one of the greatest challenges to modern security. In this paper, we try to explain how terrorism is regulated in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia and how and in what way it affects the security of the Republic of Serbia and surrounding countries. Starting with the AP of Kosovo and Metohija, where terrorism appears in the 1990s in the idea of creating a "Greater Albania". Terrorism as a phenomenon is based on the use of violence and an ideology that is religiously, racially or ethnically firmly determined. Terrorism as a crime in our legislation is one of the most serious crimes classified in the category of crimes against humanity and other goods protected internationally. What is considered a problem in the fight against terrorism is that even today there is no generally accepted understanding of what terrorism really is? This phenomenon, which is already gaining momentum today, is constantly advancing in every sense, and it is necessary to start finding a path that leads to controlling this phenomenon. By violating human rights and other material goods, terrorism threatens the global order.
International challenges, risks and threats in human security and healthcare
Authors: Mudrinić Ljiljana
Published: February 2022

The increase of security threats was first caused by man, with his irrational behavior towards nature and the human species, mostly out of ignorance, but also out of selfishness. The number of threats and challenges was mainly caused due to the suddenness of technological and scientific progress whose use has gone in the wrong direction. The past two years have been marked by the corona virus and its spread. It is very likely that this trend will continue in the coming period. Therefore, attention should be paid to the impact of the pandemic on human safety and the threat posed by the COVID-19 virus to the individual in various domains. As the importance of health security has not been sufficiently researched so far, the issue of the collapse of the global health system and the human security crisis should be viewed from various aspects. The COVID-19 virus is a global phenomenon and a security threat, which continuously puts every pillar of society in the world to the test. The Coronavirus disease, which developed into a pandemic, is not only perceived as a health crisis, but also as a national security issue. So it is up to governments to ensure not only the security of their borders and food supply, but also medical products and health. This requires the engagement of almost all the resources of a society, almost like in a war, in which in fact we are: in a war against the virus. Health has become an issue of national security and international diplomacy to the same extent.
Funerary stela with lion-decorated pediment from Singidunum
Authors: Pilipović Sanja
Published: February 2022

The funerary stela of Marcus Aurelius Bitus, a soldier of the Legio IV Flavia Felix, was discovered in Palmotićeva Street, Belgrade, during construction work undertaken in 1989-1990. The stela is typologically classified as being of the architectural type, and is topped by a pediment decorated with lions. To date, it remains the only known example of an intact stela with a pediment not only in Singidunum, but also along the entire Upper Moesian Limes. This paper provides evidence of the fact that this type of stelawith-pediment was not uncommon, either within Singidunum itself or throughout its wider surroundings. Additionally, the structural and iconographic features of the stela of Marcus Aurelius Bitus are studied, and the issue of artistic influences from Pannonia and Noricum, which undoubtedly influenced the stela's creation in a local workshop in what was then Singidunum, are also considered
The significance of research for contemporary interpolations, using examples of interpolations in Belgrade (1990-2018)
Authors: Mikić Milica
Published: February 2022

Interpolations first appeared in the architecture of Belgrade in the final quarter of the nineteenth century, and today represent virtually the only possible way of constructing a building in the city's urban core. As their aesthetics are determined by the adjacent buildings, together with which they form units of street, square, or block compositions, research into the appearance of interpolated buildings among Belgrade's architecture is extremely important for correcting strategies for developing aesthetics of parts of the city, and thus of the city as a whole. This is especially true for analyses of recent interpolations, which can provide us with answers regarding the causes and directions of architecture in the present.
A contribution to the study of architect Vladislav Vladisavljević's interwar period opus in Belgrade
Authors: Banković Angelina , Andrić Dunja
Published: February 2022

The subject of the research presented in this paper is the Belgrade opus of the architect Vladislav D. Vladisavljević (1905-1961), predominantly realized during the 1930s. Given the insufficient attention paid to this topic in previous historiography, the main focus of this paper is that of providing a systematic description and stylistic analysis of individual buildings, which both provides a basis upon which the necessary explication and valorization of the same can be made, and creates a clearer and more complete picture of the positioning of Vladislav Vladisavljević within the domestic architectural scene of the time. Although the methodological framework adopted involves a synthesis of biographical and historiographical approaches, the study largely relies on available material stored in the Historical Archives of Belgrade and the architect's personal archives in the Architecture and Urbanism Collection of the Belgrade City Museum. The ultimate goal of the paper is to contribute to and deepen the existing knowledge, but also to provide certain new information, which will lead to and facilitate more detailed studies of this topic
From academicism to architectural realizations: The work of Franja Urban in Belgrade (1924-1937)
Authors: Putnik-Prica Vladana
Published: February 2022

The architect Franja Urban belongs to the group of foreign architects who arrived in Belgrade in the wake of the First World War, leaving as a legacy a lasting contribution to its urban development and architectural design. Franja Urban arrived from Czechoslovakia as a result of links to the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and, from 1926 until his untimely death in 1937, he worked as a private architect specializing in the field of residential and industrial architecture. Although Urban left behind a rich architectural opus, so far no monographic article has been published that would shed light on and further valorize his work in Belgrade and beyond. This article stems from many years of research into Urban's life and work, and represents the first attempt to frame his work within the context of modern Serbian architecture.
The architectural works of the authors and couple Milenija and Darko Marušić
Authors: Milosavljević Jana
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with the decades-long legacy of Darko and Milenija Marušić, a married couple who were both architects. Their lives' work is closely connected to the institution in which they both worked for many years; the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism of Serbia, in Belgrade. With their work in this institution, they primarily focused on the construction of residential buildings, although other types of buildings can also be found among their opus. This paper presents their most significant achievements, and through them shows the value of this married and authorial couple, whose work exhibits both Modernist and Postmodernist tendencies. What undeniably sets these authors apart is their accomplishment of innovative forms and functionalist solutions, all aimed at creating objects both tailored to human needs and in harmony with the natural environment. This research aims to introduce a wider audience to these elements and characteristics, and to raise awareness of the importance of these authors and their works.
Krunski venac, Belgrade: The spatial, cultural and historical ensemble: Synergy between institutions and the local population
Authors: Ibrajter-Gazibara Bojana , Petrović Olivera
Published: February 2022

Spatially, the ensemble of Krunski Venac, according to its cultural-historical, architectural-urban and ambient values, belongs within the territory of the city, with a strongly evident chronological stratification of its architectural heritage. This part of the Vračar neighbourhood has existed as a primarily residential zone from the interwar period up until the present day, with a large concentration of family houses and smaller residential buildings being present. A characteristic that remains among the inhabitants of Krunski Venac today is the recognition of the importance of unity and united action for the improvement and preservation of living conditions and the values of the district to which they belong. The ensemble of KrunskiVenac and the individual buildings evidence the urban, economic and social development of the capital in the period between the two World Wars. This paper focuses on presenting the research procedure, as well as the results of the research into the history of both the area and the individual buildings. Special emphasis is furthermore given to the importance of cooperation between the heritage protection service and the local community, and to joint action, which leads to rapid - when necessary - but quality results.
A contribution to the research of the architecture of the Court complex on Terazije: Knežev dvorac (Stari konak) and the Court of Crown Prince Mihailo
Authors: Roter-Blagojević Mirjana , Drobnjak Boško , Nikolić Ilija
Published: February 2022

This paper presents research on the historical and urban development of the palace complex on Terazije during the 19th and early 20th centuries, placing a focus on the period from the 1840s to the 1880s, i.e. upon the architecture of the Prince's Court (Knežev dvorac, also known as the Stari konak) and the Court of Crown Prince Mihailo, which were both demolished in the early 20th century. The process of urban transformation of the complex and the design of buildings for the accommodation of the then-rulers is presented, based on the available historical material (old plans and photographs), as well as pre-existing interpretations of this topic available in published literature. Both the appearance of the court buildings and the complex itself in certain phases of development are reconstructed, facilitated by comparative situational representations and axonometric projections. A typological and stylistic analysis of the architectural characteristics of the Stari konak and the court, which are to be considered representative examples of the transition from the Classicist to the Romantic era of Serbian architecture in the middle of the 19th century, is given. The paper places a particular emphasis on the historical and cultural significance in the present of these now-demolished buildings for preserving the memory of an extremely important period in the history of the modern Serbian state.
The pedagogical education of teachers in Serbia: From the first instructions to teachers to the Center for teacher education
Authors: Ilić-Rajković Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

The paper provides an overview of key events relevant to the education of teachers of specific subjects in Serbia up until the founding of the Center for Teacher Education in 1971, and aims to establish the key stages in the development of this education. Taking into account the position of pedagogical knowledge relative to the initial education of teachers of specific subjects, the content, organization, initiators and practitioners of teacher education, four stages can be distinguished in the development of the education of subject teachers. The first begins in 1838 with the publication of the first set of instructions for secondary school teachers. The second stage was characterized by the introduction of pedagogy into the curriculum of the highest educational institution in Serbia and the passing of the law on teacher examinations. The third significant stage comprises the founding of the Department of Pedagogy at the Great School and the work of Vojislav Bakić. The fourth stage relates to the work of the General Pedagogical Seminar, which was founded in the interwar period and resumed its work in changed circumstances in 1948. The paper concludes that the development of teacher education in Serbia has followed a similar course to that in Europe, but that the process in Serbia has been characterized by long periods of discontinuity, which has slowed down the institutionalization of this type of education. In addition, it suggests that the reconstruction of the development of teacher education can lead to more detailed insight into the process of professionalization of the teaching profession, and also to a better understanding of the development of particular pedagogical disciplines, notably teaching methodology.
The implicit beliefs of secondary school students and teachers about creativity
Authors: Maksić Slavica
Published: February 2022

Research into the implicit beliefs of the participants of the educational process about creativity is important in view of the influence these beliefs have on the recognition and fostering of creativity in schools. The aim of this paper is to examine what students and teachers who took part in our study of implicit beliefs about creativity felt they needed to add or clarify regarding their beliefs. It analyzes freeform comments that high school students (N = 41) and teachers (N = 20) wrote in response to questions in the Implicit Theories of Creativity Questionnaire. The collected material was analyzed using thematic analysis of the inductive and deductive type. First, a thematic analysis of the inductive type was carried out, leading to the definition of three themes: conceptualization of creativity, stimulation of creativity, and ego-involvement. In the second data processing stage, a thematic analysis of the deductive type was performed. Replies within the theme of conceptualization of creativity were classified as creative person, process, product and environment (the 4P model of creativity), and replies within the theme of stimulating creativity were classified as the influences of school, the education system and society (Expert model for stimulating creativity). It was established that the dominant theme in students' comments was the conceptualization of creativity, while teachers focused on the stimulation of creativity. As regards the stimulation of creativity, students prioritized classroom work and school influence, while teachers highlighted the functioning of the education system. Students displayed greater personal involvement in their responses than teachers did. The obtained findings are discussed in the context of creating conditions for a better understanding and stimulation of creativity in secondary school. The findings suggest that respondents' freeform comments are a valuable source of data which expand our knowledge of the studied phenomena
Comparing the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model and the traditional instruction model: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ralević Lidija , Tomašević Biljana
Published: February 2022

The flipped classroom model has been increasingly implemented in the teaching and learning process at all levels with a view to improving the teaching and learning process, particularly in the present circumstances. Despite the prevalence of the view that the implementation of this approach eliminates the key disadvantages of traditional teaching such as the passivization of students, it is advisable to verify this in practice. In order to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of the flipped classroom model, it is necessary to consider the results of students' learning and their motivation for learning relative to the traditional instruction model. This paper aims to provide insight into the current situation through the systematization of the results of some past research focusing on comparing the implementation of the flipped classroom model and the traditional instruction model in terms of their effects on internal motivation for learning and student achievement on knowledge assessment tests. The results of the conducted meta-analysis of 22 research papers suggest that the implementation of the flipped classroom contributes to the strengthening of students' internal motivation and their higher achievement.
Representation of illustrations in primary school textbooks
Authors: Živanović Sanja , Perućica Ranka , Kalajdžić Olivera
Published: February 2022

A textbook is a basic and compulsory teaching aid, written on the basis of a prescribed curriculum. The accompanying materials in the textbook are certainly illustrations that, in addition to serving the basic text, can also have a significant effect on the student. The aim of this research was to examine the representation of illustrations in textbooks used from the first to the sixth grade of primary school. An analysis was performed of forty elementary school textbooks approved for use by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Srpska, with the basic unit of analysis being the illustration in the textbook. The obtained research findings show that in both the first and the second triad, illustrations without humorous elements are more represented, although the number of humorous illustrations is at an enviable level, illustrations directly related to the content of the text predominate, drawings in both triads are most represented, and the largest number of illustrations have an intellectual value. A comparative analysis of the illustrations in the first and second triads shows that the differences can be read in terms of the categories of representation of illustrations on the pages and the functions of facilitating the memory or comprehension of the text. The obtained results are encouraging because they confirm the success of the assumptions for effective learning in accordance with age characteristics certain illustration requirements have been met, and the study can provide useful information to textbook developers, teachers, parents, and illustrators, given that illustrations are a structural element of a textbook to which students should be referred. The results can also be useful for the shaping and deeper operationalization of art and graphic requirements in the textbook and can influence the improvement of textbook quality standards.
Students' attitudes to e-learning in high school biology instruction
Authors: Stanisavljević Jelena , Savić Kristina , Karadžić-Stojanović Jovana , Zaharić Miljana , Stojšić Ivan
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a disruption in the regular process of teaching and learning. The inclusion of electronic learning (e-learning) is a measure introduced in order to preserve continuity in school education. E-learning, however, was introduced in response to the state of emergency and the pandemic and not as a pre-planned and well-prepared innovation, thus suggesting the need to research students' attitudes towards the implementation of e-learning in high school biology instruction. 255 students of two Belgrade high schools (the Zemun High School and the Fifth Belgrade High School), in which e-learning was implemented, took part in the study. Processing of the data obtained by means of a questionnaire yielded results indicating that students on the whole have a neutral attitude to e-learning and do not want it to become their sole model of learning. Moreover, they are aware only of some of the benefits provided by e-learning. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the attitudes of male and female students to e-learning. Similarly, students' grade, their end-of-semester grade in biology, and rating of how interesting instructional content is, do not affect their attitudes to e-learning. Based on the results, in view of the current situation in terms of health security and the need to optimize the instruction process, further continued training of teachers and students in e-learning and instruction is being planned, as well as the provision of appropriate material and other resources for this purpose.
Figures of speech in the Serbian language curriculum for grades 1-4 of primary school
Authors: Stakić Mirjana
Published: February 2022

This paper is based on a content analysis of the curriculum for the subject Serbian Language for grades 1-4 of primary school, the purpose of which was to determine to what extent the elements of the curriculum regulating the teaching and learning of figures of speech in the first four grades of primary school are in accordance with contemporary insights into the learning abilities of children of this age, and into the importance of figures of speech for learning. An analysis of the content of the reformed curriculum has shown that the enabling of students to understand the role that figures of speech play in a literary work begins in the third grade of primary school, and that instruction only focuses on two figures, namely, simile and personification. The levels of knowledge specified in the syllabus outcomes include knowledge of the instruction content pertaining to these figures, understanding of this content and its application in the course of analyzing a literary work. Learning about figures of speech is gradual, but there is some inconsistency in terms of the relationship of outcomes-content-instructions from grade to grade. It is not enough for instruction about figures of speech to be limited to only two figures, since understanding of the role of figures of speech is an important segment in the interpretation of literary works and helps improve students' language skills. In addition, work on figures of speech can represent the starting point for internal integration linking literature and stylistics instruction to language, i.e. grammar instruction. It is therefore suggested that enabling students to identify figures of speech in a literary work and to understand their role should start in the second grade of primary school, and that the number of figures of speech that students learn about in the first four grades should be increased.
The role and importance of the Main Education Council in the interwar years
Authors: Pivaš Milana
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the role and importance of the work of the Main Education Council, the advisory body to the Ministry of Education in the interwar period. A qualitative study was conducted using the historical method. An analysis of archive material as a historical source suggests that in the mid-1930s the Council acted in the field of education with greater determination and independence. It began to restore its expert influence on all aspects of education policy. The Council gave its opinion, always emphasizing the goal of bringing legislation across the country into alignment and adapting state schools to the needs of the population. Until the establishment of the 6th of January dictatorship in 1929, the Main Education Council had a leading role in education policy. It introduced bills aimed at improving the work of schools. It was the competent authority for school textbooks. It provided support and protection to educators. When the dictatorship was established, the Main Education Council was relegated to a marginal role in the creation and implementation of education policy. The majority of proposals it put forward were not implemented in practice. Didactics was prescribed by the government, significantly limiting creativity in educational practice.
SYNTAX score as predictor of adverse events in patients after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Davidović Aleksandar , Davidović Jelica , Đorđević Marina , Resimić Radmila , Otašević Dijana , Lazić Snežana , Lazić Bratislav , Cvijanović Dane
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome manifests as STEMI and NSTEMI acute myocardial infarction (AIM). Adverse cardiovascular events include: heart failure, nonfatal reinfarction, recurrent angio pain, rehospitalization, and mortality. The SYNTAX score is an angiographic indicator that is a predictor of adverse events after AIM. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of Syntax score as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Zvezdara Clinical Hospital in Belgrade in the Department of Interventional Cardiology, by analyzing medical documentation for the period January - March 2020. 80 patients of both sexes, aged 30 to 80, were examined and hospitalized for myocardial infarction. The monitored parameters were: socioepidemiological data, SYNTAX score, adverse events (recurrent infarction, revascularization, stroke and mortality). Results: Of the 80 respondents included in the study, 32.5% were female and 67.5% male. 75% of them had STEMI and 25% NSTEMI entity. The average age of the patients was 61.7 years. Adverse events one year after hospitalization were present in 40% of patients with STEMI, namely: reinfarction in 6.7%, revascularization in 23.3%, stroke in 1.7% and lethal outcome in 8.3% of patients. SYNTAX score is low in 24 patients (40%) with STEMI myocardial infarction and high SYNTAX score in 25 subjects (41.6%). Conclusion: The SYNTAX score as a predictor of adverse outcomes is extremely important for clinical practice and follow-up of patients after acute myocardial infarction.
Sexuality in cancer patients: Attitudes and views of the students of the Faculty of medicne of Novi Sad
Authors: Tomić Slobodan , Malenković Goran , Tomić Sanja , Jovanović Aleksandar , Mikić Milena
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The increasing number of treated and survived cancer patients is an acknowledgment to more successful therapies and early detection of cancer diseases. However, this success has created a challenge for health care professionals in addressing the issues that affect patients' sexuality. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs of students integrated studies of medicine and bachelor students, and professional studies of nursing care in terms of sexuality in cancer patients, and to determine the existence of differences between the two study groups involved in this research. Material and methods: The survey was conducted from November to December 2018, in the form of cross-sectional study and included a total of 116 medical students divided into two groups. For the purpose of assessment of students as a means bet using the questionnaire Sexuality Attitude and Belief Survey (SABS) by authors Reynolds K. and Magnan M.A. from 2005. Results: The highest percentage of nurses (91.4%) agree with the sentence to understand how to treat sexuality could affect the health of patients, while as many as 89.7% of this group of respondents disagreed with the sentence that sexuality is too personal problem to was discussed with patients. The highest percentage of medical students (74.1%) agreed with the sentence that most of the hospitalized patients are too sick to be interested in sexuality. The largest discrepancy (69%) was measured for a declaration under which students use their time to talk with patients about their sexual problems. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that there are no significant differences in attitudes be-tween students at both study groups.
Structured education of patient with diabetes: A review of organizational and methodological strategies and success factors
Authors: Požar Hajnalka , Simin Dragana
Published: February 2022

All diabetic patients must take part in structured education to acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities needed for self-management, self-control, and change in health behaviors, to achieve ideal glucoregulation. This is of particular importance for patients with type 2 diabetes, which is associated with an inadequate lifestyle and accounts for up to 90% of all diabetes. Structured education must consider the organizational and methodological conditions and criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Education can be realized as an individual, group, or combined form of work, with clearly defined goals and outcomes. The public health approach is focused on working in small groups, due to cost-effectiveness and efficiency, which may reach more participants. The education provider may be one or more healthcare professionals, as a team. Duration of education is an important success factor, with each hour of education are resulting in a 0.04% reduction in HbA1c levels. Consequently, education of more than 10 hours has the best results in the greatest number of participants. Interactive work, active patient involvement in education, problem-solving, and group discussions promote effective education and metabolic control. However, in addition to hiring healthcare professionals, successful education requires patient participation in a constant change in life habits, and this depends on many factors: personal attitudes, health beliefs, awareness of illness and health, skills, life priorities, financial resources, family support, workplace and community. Therefore, there is a need to empower patients, motivate them to act, develop and implement the recommended behavior in daily life, for the maintenance of good health and the prevention of long-term complications of diabetes.
On implementation of the models of judicial mediation in the administrative process
Authors: Kutsenko Tatyana Mikhailovna
Published: February 2022

This article examines the possibility of implementation of the models of judicial mediation tested in international practice applicable to administrative disputes. Analysis is conducted on the models of judicial mediation, their merits and flaws. The author outlines the spheres and categories of administrative cases that may require judicial mediation, as well as provides original perspective upon the problem. The integration of mediation into judicial process is feasible not only as a separate procedure – a number of countries features such mediation technique as in-house-mediation, which represents a peculiar approach towards establishing dialogue between the parties to the case aimed at conflict resolution within the framework of judicial proceedings. The analysis of the existing points of view in scientific literature reveals the following criteria that ensure the possibility of implementation of conciliation procedures in the administrative process: absence in the law of a direct ban on the use of mediation procedures; absence of violations of public interest along with observance of the rights and legitimate interests of other parties; competence of the official to conduct conciliation procedure set in the regulatory framework; normative legal consolidation of the possibility of conducting conciliation procedure; strict adherence by the official to the objectives determined by their competence and professional activity (objective, subjective, territorial, and temporal).
Models for licensing the purchase of firearms by individuals
Authors: Gorshkov Il'ya Sergeevich
Published: February 2022

This article examines the theoretical grounds for handgun purchase authorization within the framework of the administrative licensing procedure. The author substantiates the relevance of this topic and its direct impact upon public safety. Analysis is conducted on the current licensing models for the purchase of firearm by citizens in the Russian Federation and its key characteristics. The author carries out a comparative analysis of licensing models for handgun purchase in Russia and certain foreign countries, as well as reveals their merits and shortcomings. The main research method is the systemic structural approach towards the analysis of licensing the purchase of firearm by citizens as a form of public law authorization. The article substantiates the need for extending the legal framework in the structure of administrative procedure for licensing the handgun purchase by individuals the Russian Federation, balancing the private and public interests aimed at improving public safety via application of the more advanced mechanisms of administrative-legal regulation in the context of distribution of civilian firearms in society.
Experience of evaluation of the array of ice data based on the annual course of insolation at the upper boundary of the atmosphere
Authors: Fedorov Valerii Mikhailovich , Frolov Denis Maksimovich , Zalikhanov Alim Mikhailovich
Published: February 2022

This article examines the reliability of ice data presented in the HadISST1 database (Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set) of Hadley Meteorological Center (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, UK). The criterion for the reliability of HadISST1 database on the Northern hemisphere serves the average multiyear annual course of insolation in the Northern Hemisphere and the average multiyear annual course of insolation in 5-degree latitudinal zones at the upper boundary of the atmosphere, phase-shifted by two and three months to the past. It is revealed that the representative criterion for assessing the reliability of the business database is the average multiyear course of insolation in 5-degree latitudinal zones shifted by two months to the past. Evaluation of the data array on the Northern Hemisphere on the basis of the selected criterion demonstrates the overall high reliability of ice data reflected therein. However, there are two areas that differ in the degree of reliability of the presented data: 1) pack, drift ice with high negative values of the correlation coefficient; 2) coastal zone, in which the correlation is virtually absent (shore ice and flaw leads). The weak (or absent) correlation is observed over a significant length of the coastal zone in the Arctic Ocean, as well as in the straits and bays of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is established hat the correlation coefficient of the annual course of the ice flow in the cells of the array of size 1 with the annual course of insolation of the Northern Hemisphere and the corresponding 5-degree latitudinal zones increases from the past to the present. This indicates the need for the correction of ice data in the early time range of the array (1901–1978), which precedes the time of the beginning of satellite observations.
Dynamics of the development of thermocirque with massive ice bed near the village of Lavrentia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) for 2018-2021
Authors: Maslakov Alexey Alekseevich , Kuziakin Lev Pavlovich , Komova Nina Nikolaevna
Published: February 2022

Massive ice beds are unique natural formations of cryolithozone, as well as important objects of research in the area of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions and solution of the tasks of engineering geology. On the plains of Chukchi Peninsula, massive ice beds are common and represent regional geological peculiarity. The article traces the dynamics of recession of the edge of thermocirque and the evolution of the morphology of ice bed outcrop in 7 km south of the village of Lavrentia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) over the period from 2018 to 2021. The results of field observations indicate the active development of thermocirque over 4 years: its back wall in both corridors receded by 50-60 meters, increasing the area of the thermocirque by 3-4 times. The shape of the outcropping massive ice bed changed over time: in 2018, its main part was exposed in the northern part, in subsequent years, the bed was outcropped mainly in the northern part from the side of the deposits remnant (southern side) and in the southern part. The width of the bed varied from 5 m in 2018 to 15-20 m in 2019 and 2021. The ice thickness also varied in the northern part of the thermocirque from 2 m in 2018 to 6 m in 2019, while in the southern corridor it remained stable in 2020-2021 (about 5 m). A hypothesis has been put forward on the mechanism and time of ice bed formation. The acquired results suggest that the ice bed may have heterogeneous segregation-injectional genesis. It is revealed that the ice bed under review is part of a larger ice body and was outcropped as a result of the cyclic fluctuations of climatic characteristics that determine the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil.
Peat and peat-mineral heaving mounds of Tambey River valley, north-east of the Yamal Peninsula
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich , Ginzburg Alexander Pavlovich , Agapkin Ivan Arkad'evich , Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yur'evna , Donetskov Alexander Andreevich , Surkov Nikolai Vital'evich
Published: February 2022

The research of peat and peat-mineral frost mounds was carried out in September – October 2021 in the northeast of Yamal Peninsula, 50 km north of the village of Tambey. Morphometric data was acquired om ten frost mounds. The wells with the depth of up to 1 m were drilled in 4 out of 10 mounds using electric drill, which outcropped the upper horizons of permafrost. Descriptions were given to seasonally thawed layer and drilled permafrost. Diameter of the mounds located in various landscape conditions varied from 4.5 to 9.8 m, and their heights ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The thickness of seasonally thawed layer on these mounds varied from 28 to 131 cm, while the maximum depth of seasonal thawing was reached on the slope of the hillock, with rare exceptions when it was observed on the top of the hillock, or 1 meter from it. The steepness of hillocks rarely reached 10°, averaging from 3°to 5°. The seasonally thawed layer consisted mostly of the layers of lignite of varying degree of decomposition, rarely replaced by light gray loam (including peaty). Permafrost rocks were also represented by peat with high content of ice.
Categories of justice and balance in practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Rundkvist Anton Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

The object of this research is justice and balance viewed as the paramount legal categories. The subject of this research is the interrelation between them reflected in the materials of law enforcement practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Research methodology leans on the systemic and axiological approaches; general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis; sociological method of content analysis used in studying the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; as well as statistical for quantitative processing of the acquired data. Special attention is given to the questions of fair coordination of the constitutionally protected values and balanced distribution of subjective rights and legal responsibilities among the parties to legal relations. The following conclusions determine the theoretical novelty of this research: 1) analysis of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation demonstrated the semantic correlation between the legal categories of justice and balance; 2) it is admissible to consider the orientation towards achieving certain balance as one of the essential criteria of the principle of justice; 3) classification of the objects amenable to balancing in relation to each other is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the principle of justice; 4) such classification determines the two level of balance: the firs one implies coordination of the constitutionally protected values, while the second one suggest the coordination of rights and responsibilities of the parties to legal relations; 5) formulation is provided to the three general riles of balanced distribution of subjective rights and legal responsibilities within the specific legal relations; 6) an original definition is given to the legal balance, which largely reveals the content of the principle of justice.
Conceptual way of cognition of judicial reforms in Russia (peer review on the monograph of V. M. Bolshakova “The Dynamics of Judicial Reforms in Russia in late XIX – early XX centuries (historical-legal research)". RANEPA, Derzhavinsky Publishing House, 2021. 660 p.)
Authors: Kolokolov Nikita Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2022

This article provides a peer review of the conceptual monographic research of PhD in Law, Docent Valentina Mikhailovna Bolshakova “The Dynamics of Judicial Reforms in Russia in late XIX – early XX centuries (historical-legal research)”. The relevance and timeliness of the monograph are determined by the need to acquire the knowledge on the judicial sphere for the purpose of implementation of the effective and fair justice, as well as establishment of an optimal and modern judicial system. The solution to this problem is requires scientific substantiation. The Russian historical-legal science has accumulated a vast number of works that describe the functionality and social role of the judiciary. However, there are no research within the historical-legal literature dedicated to the dynamics of judicial transformations in the structural, organizational, and functional aspects of the judicial system. The monograph of V. M. Bolshakova successfully fills the gap in the field of studying judicial structures, representing fundamental research on the dynamics of the Russian judiciary, which is well-founded from a general theoretical, applied and historical perspectives. It not only reveals the details of the structure of the judicial system at various stages of its existence, but also the causes and consequences of judicial reforms and transformations. The authorial analysis of the judicial reforms also contains the concept of their dynamics. The examination of judicial institutions is of particular value.
Computed Tomographic Findings of Malignant Bowel Neoplasms: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vishnuvardhan Devara Anil Kashi , Sharma Sonica , Vernekar Avinash , Merugu Chandhana
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Malignant neoplasms of bowel particularly colorectal carcinomas are third commonest cause of death all over world. Computed Tomography (CT) plays a very important role in evaluation of malignant bowel neoplasms. CT examination for gastrointestinal tract evaluates the intestinal lumen along with demonstration of intestinal wall, adjacent tissues and solid viscera. Aim: To evaluate malignant neoplasms of small and large intestine and also to define the various CT findings in malignant bowel neoplasms, extra-intestinal involvement to stage intestinal neoplasms and to accurately characterise the tumour histologically as far as possible. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study included 38 patients who were proven to have malignancy of bowel on biopsy, underwent CT abdomen in major public hospital in a period of from November 2014 to May 2017 and evaluated for various CT findings in malignant bowel neoplasms in terms of involved intestine, length of diseased intestinal segment, degree of intestinal wall thickening, extra-intestinal involvement to stage bowel neoplasms and to accurately characterise the tumour histologically as far as possible. Data were tabulated and presented as frequency (n) and precentage (%). Results: In small intestine, ileum is the commonest site of involvement seen in 5 cases (13%), whereas rectum 10 cases (26.3%) was the commonest site of involvement in large intestine. Short segment involvement of bowel is more common 27 cases (71.1%) than long segment involvement 11 cases (28.9%). Circumferential wall thickening is more common in 33 cases (86.8%) than eccentric wall thickening 5 cases (13.2%). Lymph nodal involvement was seen in 17 cases (44%) and metastasis to liver was also seen in 11 cases (28.9%). Local invasion with involvement of surrounding structures was seen in 4 cases (10.5%). Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological subtype seen in the highest number of 23 cases (60.5%), followed by lymphoma in 9 cases (23.6%), mucinous adenocarcinoma in 4 cases (10.5%) and few cases of about 2 cases (5.2%) were Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST). Conclusion: Computed Tomography (CT) imaging findings like involved intestine, length of diseased intestinal segment, degree of intestinal wall thickening, extra intestinal involvement with respect to involvement of surrounding structures, lymph nodal involvement, distant metastasis along with histological type in most cases could be found, thus permitting tumour characterisation which can provide very useful guide in diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of small and large intestine.