bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhizomic Radicalism and Arborescent Advocacy: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Reading of Rural Protest
Authors: Woods Michael , Anderson Jon , Guilbert Steven , Watkin Suzie
Published: June 2013

It has become commonplace to describe new social movements as ‘rhizomic’ in form, yet the full implications of this metaphor are rarely teased out, and the corollary that other political organisations are arborescent in form has been largely neglected in social science research. In this paper we employ Deleuze and Guattari's concept of rhizomic and arborescent assemblages to theorise a transition in the practice of political representation, drawing on an empirical study of British rural politics. We outline the principles of arborescent political assemblages, associated with traditional forms of political organisation, and the principles of rhizomic politics, associated with new social movements and protest activity. However, we proceed to argue that the binary opposition of arborescent and rhizomic forms of political assemblage is misleading, and contend that the spatial strategies associated with the state as an arborescent machine are critical to understanding both the lines of flight that produce periodic rhizomic flaring, and the entanglement of rhizomes and arborescent structures that mean that rhizomic politics never entirely escapes the arborescent. Therefore, the paper suggests that the rhizomic character of new social movements is not a revolutionary shift in political organisation, but rather is part of the ongoing, dynamic, and cyclical interplay of rhizomic and arborescent forms.
Plastic Eternities and the Mosaic of Landscape
Authors: Van Dyke Chris
Published: June 2013

In recent years nonrepresentational theory has been applied with increasing frequency to landscape studies. This paper responds to this trend in two ways. First, through a close reading of John Wylie and Mitch Rose's writings, I critique the application of nonrepresentational theory to landscape interpretation. While nonrepresentational theory has, crucially, highlighted the importance of performativity, affect, excess, and relationality, it has been imperfectly translated to landscape studies. Landscape studies grounded in nonrepresentational theory overburden the landscape with philosophical and theoretical propositions, which has the effect of exonerating landscapes from their temporal, spatial, and visual circumstances. Second, drawing mainly on the work of Catherine Malabou and Bruno Latour, I suggest that different metaphors and concepts are needed to improve landscape studies: plasticity and a revamped, historical account of relationality. The aim of this paper is to establish a means of visualizing the dynamics of landscape and their historical mutability, with the intention of producing readings that are more ecumenical, and avoid the theoretical reductionism found in current nonrepresentational accounts of landscape.
“Security Here is Not Safe”: Violence, Punishment, and Space in the Contemporary US Penitentiary
Authors: Morin Karen M
Published: June 2013

The US penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, was retrofitted in 2008 to offer the country's first federal Special Management Unit (SMU) program of its kind. This model SMU is designed for federal inmates from around the country identified as the most intractably troublesome, and features double-celling of inmates in tiny spaces, in 23-hour or 24-hour a day lockdown, requiring them to pass through a two-year program of readjustment. These spatial tactics, and the philosophy of punishment underlying them, contrast with the modern reform ideals upon which the prison was designed and built in 1932. The SMU represents the latest punitive phase in American penology, one that neither simply eliminates men as in the premodern spectacle, nor creates the docile, rehabilitated bodies of the modern panopticon; rather, it is a late-modern structure that produces only fear, terror, violence, and death. This SMU represents the latest of the late-modern prisons, similar to other supermax facilities in the US but offering its own unique system of punishment as well. While the prison exists within the system of American law and jurisprudence, it also manifests features of Agamben's lawless, camp-like space that emerges during a state of exception, exempt from outside scrutiny with inmate treatment typically beyond the scope of the law.
Extremely Bulky Amido and Amidinato Complexes of Boron and Aluminium Halides: Synthesis and Reduction Studies
Authors: Wong Edwin W.Y. , Dange Deepak , Fohlmeister Lea , Hadlington Terrance J. , Jones Cameron
Published: June 2013

An extremely bulky secondary amine, HN(Ar†)(SiPr3i) HL† (Ar† = C6H2{C(H)Ph2}2Pri−2,6,4) has been synthesised and deprotonated with KH in toluene, to afford the potassium amide [KL†(η6-toluene)], which was structurally authenticated. Reaction of this with BBr3 and AlBr3, reproducibly gave the crystallographically characterised amido bromo-borane, [L†B(H)Br], and aluminacycle, [AlBr2{κ2-C,N-N(H)(SiPr3i){C6H2[CPh2][C(H)Ph2]Pri-2,6,4}}], respectively, via ligand C–H activation processes. The known secondary amines, HN(Dip)(Mes) (HLMes) and HN(Dip)(Trip) (HLTrip) (Dip =2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Mes = mesityl, Trip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl), have been structurally characterised, and deprotonated to give the in situ generated lithium amides, [Li(LMes)] and [Li(LTrip)]. Reaction of these with BBr3 and AlBr3 has given the amido group 13 element halide complexes, [LMesBBr2] and [LAlBr2(THF)] (L = LMes or LTrip), the crystal structures of all of which have been determined. Synthetic routes to two new bulky amidine pro-ligands, ArN = C(But)-N(H)Ar, Ar = C6H2{C(H)Ph2}2Me-2,6,4 (Piso*H) or C6H2Pr2i(CPh3)-2,6,4 (Piso″H), have been developed, and the compounds crystallographically characterised. Deprotonation of Piso″H gave the potassium amidinate, [K(Piso″)], which was reacted with BBr3 to give [(Piso″)BBr2]. Reaction of Piso″H with AlMe3 afforded [(Piso″)AlMe2], which, when treated with I2 yielded [(Piso″)AlI2], the crystal structure of which was determined. Reductions of all of the prepared amido and amidinato group 13 element(iii) halide complexes were attempted using a variety of reducing reagents, with a view to prepare boron(i) or aluminium(i) complexes. While these were not successful, this study does offer synthetic inorganic chemists a variety of new very bulky anionic N-donor ligands, and boron/aluminium halide complexes thereof, for use in their own research.
Signatures of Medium Effects on NN Interactions in Proton Scattering from Nuclei
Authors: Amos K. , Dortmans P. J. , Karataglidis S.
Published: June 2013

Effective two nucleon (NN) interactions in the nuclear
medium have been defined from an accurate mapping of
NN g matrices obtained by solving the
Brueckner–Bethe–Goldstone (BBG) equations
for infinite nuclear matter. Those effective interactions have been used in
fully microscopic calculations of proton-light nuclei (nonlocal) effective
interactions from which predictions of the elastic scattering differential
cross sections and analysing powers have been obtained. Results for incident
proton energies of 65 and 200 MeV are considered in particular herein. The
associated relative motion wave functions have been used as the distorted
waves in distorted wave approximation (DWA) studies of select inelastic
scattering events. The same effective interactions were used as the transition
operators in those calculations. The relevant nuclear spectroscopy for the
elastic and DWA (p, p′) calculations has been
found from full (0 + 2)hϖ shell model
evaluations of the nuclear structure; wave functions of which give good
descriptions of form factors obtained from electron scattering.
Recent Developments in Rho - Omega Mixing
Authors: O'Connell Heath B.
Published: June 2013

The topic of ρ – ω mixing has received renewed interest in
recent years and has been studied using a variety of modern techniques. A
brief history of the subject is presented before summarising recent
developments in the field. The present status of our understanding is
discussed.
Use of Transport Coefficients to Calculate Properties of Electrode Sheaths of Electric Arcs
Authors: Lowke J. J. , Quartel J. C.
Published: June 2013

Particle conservation equations for electrons and positive ions, together with
Poisson"s equation to account for space-charge effects on the electric
field, have been solved for the electrode sheath regions of electric arcs. For
thermionic cathodes and the anode, we find that the ambipolar diffusion
approximation is generally valid. At the surface of the anode we find that
there is generally a small retarding electric field. For non-thermionic
cathodes and no ionisation due to the electric field in the sheath, we
calculate unrealistically high sheath voltages and even then, find that the
electric fields at the cathode surface are insufficient for field emission. It
is suggested that photoionisation in the region close to the cathode may be a
principal source of electrons for non-thermionic cathodes.
The Pion Mass Formula
Authors: Cahill Reginald T. , Gunner Susan M.
Published: June 2013

The often used Gell-Mann–Oakes–Renner (GMOR) mass formula for
Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in QCD, such as the pions, involves the condensate
·q q Ò fp and the
quark current masses. Within the context of the Global Colour Model (GCM) for
QCD a manifestly different formula was recently found. Remarkably, Langfeld
and Kettner have shown the two formulae to be equivalent. Here we note that
the above recent analyses refer to the constituent pion and not the exact
pion, even within the GCM. Further we generalise the Langfeld-Kettner identity
to include the full response of the constituent quark correlators to the
presence of a non-zero (and momentum dependent) quark current mass. Results
are reported using an effective gluon correlator from meson data fitting.
Spatial Distribution of Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Phases in Nuclear Forward Scattering of Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Grünsteudel H. F. , Hesse H.-J. , Rüffer R. , Wortmann G. , Chumakov A. I. , Baron A. Q. R. , Grünsteudel H. , Leupold O. , Metge J.
Published: June 2013

Nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation has been demonstrated to
permit conclusions on the spatial distribution of scattering centres. An
outline of the method is given and implications for samples exhibiting domain
structure are discussed.
Influence of Giant Nuclear-spin Polarisation on Resonant Gamma-ray Absorption and Emission
Authors: Shakhmuratov R. N.
Published: June 2013

We propose a new scheme of gamma-quanta amplification without inversion. Laser
pumping of electron states creates giant nuclear-spin polarisation via the
hyperfine interaction. This results in extreme cooling of the ground-state
nuclear spin in a projection which does not absorb both laser pump and
gamma-quanta according to selection rules for these transitions. Induced
emission from the nuclear excited state is not influenced by the pump.
Therefore gamma-quanta travelling inside the pump beam have an opportunity to
induce stimulated emission without subsequent quenching by ground state
nuclei.
Examples of the Application of Muon Spin Relaxation to Studies of Magnetism in Cuprates
Authors: Litterst F. J. , Birke M. , Büchner B. , Hillberg M. , Klauβ H.-H. , Kopmann W. , Micklitz H. , Wagener W.
Published: June 2013

After a brief introduction to muon spin rotation and relaxation (µSR)
some recently achieved results on
La2-x-yNdxSryCuO4,
La2-x-yEuxSryCuO4
and
Nd2-xCexCuO4
are presented demonstrating the high sensitivity of the method for the
dynamics and ordering of small magnetic moments close to the superconducting
phases. The µSR experiments give evidence for static and relatively slow
dynamic magnetic correlations in these cuprates.
A Procedure to Determine Dyson Orbitals from Electron Momentum Spectroscopy: Application to 1,2-Propadiene, 1,3-Butadiene, Cyclopropane and [1.1.1]Propellane
Authors: Nicholson R. J. F. , McCarthy I. E. , Brunger M. J.
Published: June 2013

We employ a numerical inverse method of extracting the target-ion overlap, or
normalised Dyson orbital, directly from experimental electron momentum
spectroscopy data by using a quantum- mechanically constrained statistical
fitting procedure. This method is used in conjunction with the previously
verified, for molecular targets, plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA)
reaction model. The present procedure was applied to previously measured
momentum distributions (MDs) for the 2e′ and 1e′ valence orbitals
of cyclopropane, the 7ag orbital of trans 1,3-butadiene,
the 2e orbital of 1,2-propadiene and the 3a′1
orbital of [1.1.1]propellane. We note that this is the first
extensive application of the present method to organic molecular systems. In
each case the derived normalised Dyson orbital provided a superior
representation of the experimental MD than did the corresponding Hartree-Fock
orbital. The ramifications of this result are discussed in the text.
A Review of the Low Temperature Properties of the Rare Earth Vanadates
Authors: Bowden G. J.
Published: June 2013

The rare earth vanadates have long been studied for their interesting magnetic
properties and cooperative Jahn–Teller distortions. In the main, most of
this work has been carried out at temperatures down to 1 K or so (e.g. Gehring
and Gehring 1975). In this review NMRON, and other low temperature experiments
in the mK regime, are presented and discussed. It will be argued that the low
temperature properties of these compounds are just as interesting as their
high temperature counterparts. In general, the nuclear and electronic
wavefunctions become intermixed, leading to a variety of interesting physical
effects, such as enhanced nuclear magnetism, quadrupolar induced intermediate
state re-orientation etc. These effects have, in turn, spawned new methods for
the investigation of magnetic structures, and thermometric detection of NMR
both by internal and external thermometers. Several experiments are suggested,
including magnetic refrigeration, Mössbauer, EPR in the ≈30 GHz range,
in addition to thermometric NMR and NMRON.
Excitation Dynamics of an Atom due to Heavy Ion Impact in a Laser Field
Authors: Prasad Vinod , Sharma Rinku , Mohan Man
Published: June 2013

Laser assisted inelastic scattering of heavy ions by alkali atoms is studied
theoretically. The non-perturbative quasi-energy method, generalised for many
states, is used to describe the laser-atom interaction, and the close coupling
method using the impact parameter method is used for scattering calculations.
We have calculated the transition probabilities and total cross section for
the excitation of alkali atoms, due to simultaneous proton-photon collisions.
We show the effect of laser and collision parameters, e.g. laser intensity,
impact parameter, laser frequency, on the excitation process.
Weak Plasma Turbulence Theory and Some Other Items of Plasma Kinetics
Authors: Erofeev V. I.
Published: June 2013

A new approach to a plasma kinetic description is discussed, the beginnings of
which were published recently (Erofeev 1997a). It is
shown that calculations of the three-wave collision integral following this
approach confirm the intensity and structure of the three-wave collision
integral obtained in the traditional theory. The reported kinetics extend the
area of applicability for the weak plasma turbulence theory: apart from waves
it properly accounts for the effect of various other plasma nonlinear
structures of the type of solitons, drift vortices, collapsing cavities and so
on. Some directions for further studies are also discussed.
The Development of Electron Momentum Spectroscopy
Authors: McCarthy Ian E.
Published: June 2013

Electron momentum spectroscopy measures relative differential cross sections
as a function of recoil momentum for energy-resolved states of the ion in a
kinematically-complete electron- impact ionisation experiment. The experiment
is done in a kinematic range where correct cross sections are obtained by
simple reaction approximations. It amounts to a measurement of orbital
momentum densities and coeffcients describing electron correlations in the ion
for most ion states of a gas target. Certain ion states give information about
ground-state correlations. For a solid target it amounts to a measurement of
the energy-momentum density of occupied electron bands.
Magnetic Phase Diagram for Bilayer Manganites
Authors: Moritomo Yutaka
Published: June 2013

Anisotropic magnetic and transport properties as well as magnetic structures
have been investigated for single crystals of bilayer manganites
(La1-zNdz)2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7
as a function of doping level x and averaged ionic
radius z of the rare-earth ion. We have derived a global
magnetic phase diagram as a function of x and
z. The ferromagnetic metallic state observed in
La1·2Sr1·8Mn2O7
(x = 0· 4 and z
= 0· 0) is replaced by a layered antiferromagnetic state beyond
x ≥ 0·45. The phase diagram thus obtained is
compared with that for the cubic manganites
(La1-zNdz)1-xSrxMnO3.
Colossal Isotope Shift of the Metal-Insulator Transition Temperature in Epitaxial Thin Films of (La1-y Pry)0·7Ca0·3MnO3
Authors: Gorbenko O. Yu. , Kaul A. R. , Babushkina N. A. , Belova L. M. , Guettler B.
Published: June 2013

A colossal shift of the maximum resistivity temperature induced by oxygen
isotope exchange was registered for 60 nm thick films of the solid solution
La0·35Pr0·35Ca0·3MnO3
on perovskite substrates. The magnitude of the effect depends on lattice
strain resulting in the largest shift for the film on
LaAlO3: the 16O sample showed a
metal-insulator transition at 182 K, whereas the 18O
sample was insulating down to 4·2 K, which is the highest difference
ever reported for CMR manganites. An XRD and Raman spectrometry study
indicates no difference in chemical composition or structure for the
18O and 16O samples at room
temperature. The results are consistent with the model coupling the
metal-insulator transition in the perovskite manganites to the lattice
dynamics.
Self-assembly, Stability and the Electrical Characteristics of Cell Membranes
Authors: Coster Hans G. L.
Published: June 2013

Living cells are enveloped in an ultra thin ( ~ 6 nm) membrane which consists
basically of a bi-molecular film of lipid molecules in which are embedded
functional proteins that perform a variety of functions, including energy
transduction, signalling, transport of ions (and other molecules) etc., and
also acts as a diffusion barrier between the cell interior (cytoplasm) and the
external medium. A simple statistical mechanical analysis of the self-assembly
of the membrane from its components provides useful insights into the
molecular organisation of the membrane and its electrical properties. The
stability of the structure is also closely connected to its electrical
properties and this has provided not only a useful tool for fundamental
research but has spawned also applications, some of which have had a major
impact in biomedical research and are now being exploited commercially. An
overview is given of the rapid progress made in our understanding of the
physics of both the molecular organisation and function of cell membranes and
some of the fascinating and socially and commercially important applications
that have flowed from this.
Radiation Resistance of a Helical Antenna in a Compressible Electron Plasma
Authors: Soni KR
Published: June 2013

Earlier work on the radiation fields of a travelling-wave helical antenna in a compressible electron plasma has been extended to evolve expressions for the electromagnetic mode component R. and the electroacoustic or plasma mode component Rp of its radiation resistance. These expressions, - which are general in nature but involve complicated integrals, cover the special cases of multiturn loops, circular arcs and linear antennas. Analytical expressions for R. are then derived for the particular example of a helical antenna of small pitch angle with a fractional or integral number of turns. It is found that R. increases with pitch angle for some values of plasma frequency.
The Orbit?Lattice Interaction for Lanthanide Ions. I. Determination of Empirical Parameters
Authors: Newman DJ
Published: June 2013

The coupling between lattice vibrations and electrons in the partly filIed shells of paramagnetic ions is normaIIy presumed to take place via a localized complex consisting of the paramagnetic ion surrounded by its ligands. In such cases the number of parameters is reduced significantly by the use of the superposition model. This model, with some related approximations, has been employed to determine coupling parameters for fluorine, chlorine and oxygen ligands using both experimental and theoretical results.
S-wave Colour Singlet States of Multiquark Configurations
Authors: Wybourne BG
Published: June 2013

Simple methods for determining and systematically labelling the S-wave colour singlet states of multiquark configurations are developed and results are given for the quark configurations QN (N = 0 (mod 3)) and for the quark-antiquark configurations Q2Q2, Q4Q and Q3Q3. The masses of the colour singlet states associated with the Q6 and Q9 configurations are calculated using the MIT bag model and a number of conclusions concerning these mass spectra are drawn.
Component Minimization of the Bargmann?Wigner Wavefunction
Authors: Jeffery EA
Published: June 2013

The Bargmann-Wigner equations are used to derive relativistic field equations with only 2(2j+ 1) components of the original wavefunction. The other components of the Bargmann-Wigner wavefunction are superfluous and can be defined in terms of the 2(2j+ 1) components. The results are compared with various 2(2j+ 1) theories in the literature. Sylvester's theorem and some properties of induced matrices give simple relationships between the operator matrices of the field equations and the arbitrary spin operator matrices.
Interpretation of the Size Spectrum of Cosmic g-ray Bursts in Terms of an Idealized Galactic Distribution of Sources
Authors: Yoshimori M
Published: June 2013

A model for the size spectrum of cosmic y-ray bursts is derived on the assumption that the sources of these bursts are distributed uniformly in space out to 0�3 kpc, thence uniformly in a disc (galactic plane) to 3 kpc, and thence uniformly in a line (galactic arm) to 27 kpc. Two forms are assumed for the distribution of the total energy release per burst: a gaussian with mean sand an exponential with characteristic so, such that s = So = 1032 J. The derived size spectra are in agreement with results obtained from satellite and balloon observations, thus supporting both the galactic origin of the bursts and a representative total energy release for them of 1032 J.
Gravitons From a Spinning Rod
Authors: L Murphy George
Published: June 2013

It is shown that the gravitational radiation from a spinning rod cannot be calculated c1assicaJly unless the mass of the rod exceeds several tonnes. If laboratory sources of gravitational waves ever become feasible, they will have to be described quantum mechanically, and should make possible the detection of individual gravitons.
Series Analysis of a Three-state Potts Model with Three-site Interactions
Authors: Enting IG
Published: June 2013

Series expansions are used to investigate a three-state Potts model which has two-site interactions on the bonds of a triangular lattice and three-site interactions on alternate triangles. Although some of the exponent estimates show variations with interaction strengths, the assumption of scaling constrains the permitted exponent values to such an extent that the possible variations lie within the ranges of uncertainty of individual exponent estimates.
Parameterization Schemes in Solid State Physics
Authors: Newman DJ
Published: June 2013

The physical significance of parameterization schemes and their role in developing an understanding of complex systems is discussed, using examples taken from solid state physics. In particular, the importance of determining the necessary and sufficient set of hypotheses which defines a parameterization scheme is emphasized. A classification of parameterization schemes is developed in order to simplify this problem, and some general principles concerning the derivation and use of such schemes are formulated.
Energy Spectra and Pulse Shapes of Pulsars at Metre Wavelengths
Authors: Izvekova VA , Kuzmin AD , Molofeev VM , P Shitov Yu
Published: June 2013

Flux densities, pulse energy densities and mean pulse shapes of pulsars have been measured at frequencies of 61 and 102�5 MHz. In general, with increasing wavelength, the mean pulse width becomes larger and its profile becomes less complex. Instantaneous spectra obtained by simultaneous measurements show marked variability, but the mean spectrum is a stable characteristic of each pulsar. A common feature of pulsar mean spectra is a low frequency cutoff below about 100 MHz. The nature of this cutoff is discussed.
Evolution of the Radio Emission from Young SNRs according to Observational Data
Authors: Stankevich KS
Published: June 2013

Results are given from a still-continuing series of absolute flux density measurements for the SNR CasA. The measurements have been taken regularly over the past 16 years at 24 wavelengths in the range 3-60 cm. New data are presented for the rate of flux density decrease, and for time and frequency variations in the spectral index. Intensity increases that are localized in frequency are described. The results are generalized in a model for the radio emission from a young SNR, and this is used to analyse experimental data for flux density decreases in the emission from 3C 10 and 58.
The Supernova Remnants IC443 and VR0 42.05.01: Fast Filaments and High-velocity Gas
Authors: Lozinskaya TA
Published: June 2013

Interferometric HI)( observations have been made of faint filaments and high-velocity diffuse gas in the supernova remnants IC443 and VR042.05.01. In both cases the implied expansion velocities are substantially higher than those obtained from the velocities of the bright filaments.
Optical Observations of SNRs in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Dopita MA
Published: June 2013

Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Australian National University, Observatory Services Unit, Private Bag, Woden Post Office, A.C.T. 2606.
Calculation of 3jm Factors and the Matrix Elements of E7 Group Generators
Authors: Butler PH , Haase RW , Wybourne BG
Published: June 2013

The matrix elements of the group generators of E7 have been calculated in an E7 :::> SU~x SU~ :::> SU: x SU~I x SU~:::> SUIf. X SU~ x Ur x SU~ basis for the fundamental and adjoint irreps of E7. The results were obtained by first calculating the 3jm factors for the various group-subgroup combinations. Tables of the relevant 3jm factors for E7:::> SU6 X SU3 , SU6 :::> SU2 X SU3 and SU3 :::> SU2 X U1 are given.
Simplified DWBA for Heavy Ion Induced Transfer at High Energies
Authors: Dodd LR
Published: June 2013

The treatment of the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) for transfer reactions at high energies between complex nuclei due to Braun-Munzinger and Harney (1974) is simplified by introducing eikonal-like representations for the elastic scattering states. Simple expressions for the differential cross sections are derived. The model includes recoil approximately and takes into account the strong absorption of the nuclear cores. Reasonable values for the parameters of the model wavefunctions are determined by comparison with the usual optical model wavefunctions. Angular distributions calculated for the model are compared with the results of exact finite-range DWBA calculations and experimental data for transitions to the ground state and excited states of 13C in the reaction 12C(14N,13N)13C at several energies. The model reproduces the general features of the exact calculations, giving reasonable fits for the transitions to the ground state and the 1ds/2 (3�85 MeV) state. The transition to the 2S1/2 (3 �09 MeV) state appears to be anomalous as in the case of the full DWBA theory.
Partial Wave Analysis of the l8O(p, a0)15N Reaction
Authors: Wild LWJ , Spicer BM
Published: June 2013

A partial wave analysis of the differential cross sections for the 180(p,OCO)15N reaction has been carried out by applying the formalism of .Blatt and Biedenharn (1952), made specific for this reaction. The differential cross sections, measured at 200 keV intervals from 6�6 to 10�4 MeV bombarding energy, were subjected to least-squares fitting to this specific analytic expression. Two resonances were given by the analysis, the 19p states being at 14�71 �0�07 MeV (1/2-) and 14�80�0�07 MeV (1/2 +).
Quantum Theory of Energy Loss by Test Ions to Plasma Electrons
Authors: George EP , Okamoto K , Nakamura Y , Hamada T
Published: June 2013

Full quantum-theoretical calculations are carried out for the rate of energy loss by energetic (but nonrelativistic) test ions to Maxwellian plasma electrons. The calculations are based on the kinetic theory of Kihara and Honda. For a test ion of speed V and charge Ze, the rate is given in terms of the quantum-theoretical Coulomb logarithm and tabulated universal functions of V, Z and the electron temperature T. It is shown that the loss rate formula derived here contains all known formulae as appropriate limiting cases. Several numerical examples are discussed.
The Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of a One-dimensional Self-gravitational System
Authors: Fukui Y , Morita T
Published: June 2013

It is shown that the exact statistical mechanical properties of a one-dimensional self-gravitational system in. the limit of an infinite number of particles are easily obtained with the aid of the virial expansion.
Cross Section Measurements in the 54Cr(p, ?)55Mn Reaction
Authors: J. Wilkinson R. , S. R. Kennett A , Z. E. Switkowski A , G. SargoodA and F. M. MannC D.
Published: June 2013

Cross sections for production of individual y rays in the 54Cr(p, y)55Mn reaction have been measured over the proton energy range 1�0-3�8 MeV. Gamma-ray yields are observed to fall by factors of between 5 and 10 at the crossing of the neutron threshold for a proton bombarding energy of 2�2 MeV. Statistical model calculations with global parameter sets successfully account for the dramatic effect of neutron competition on the (p, y) cross section, and at the same time correctly predict the 54Cr(p,n)54Mn reaction cross section.
Galactic ?-ray Lines Resulting from Interactions Between Low Energy Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Yoshimori Masato
Published: June 2013

Calculated spectral profiles and galactic distributions are presented for y-ray lines resulting from interactions between low energy cosmic rays and the interstellar gas and dust. Calculated local intensities are also presented for y-ray lines from discrete sources such as supernova remnants and dense interstellar gas clouds. The y-ray lines from excited dust nuclei (which have long mean lifetimes) are sharp, having widths of the order of a few keV; the lines from excited gas nuclei are relatively narrow, having widths of the order of 100 keV; and the lines from excited cosmic ray nuclei are broad, having widths of the order of 1 MeV. The longitudinal distribution of y-ray lines in the galactic plane shows a significant concentration toward the galactic centre, and a rapid falloff beyond I;. 50�. The most intense y-ray lines arise from positron annihilation (0�511 MeV) and the deexcitation of 12C* (4�439 MeV) and 160* (6�131 MeV). In the direction of the galactic centre, these lines have estimated intensities of the order of 10-5 photons cm-2s-1rad- 1, and so they may be resolved from the diffuse y-ray background there by observing with a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. In the direction of several strong discrete sources, the estimated fluxes are generally lower: ~10-6 photons cm-2s-1 for the Crab Nebula and the Vela pulsar, ~10-8 photons cm-2 s-1 for the interstellar dense cloud pOph, but ~10-5 photons cm-2 s-1 for the ring cloud around the galactic centre. The calculated intensities of various other y-ray lines are compared with available experimental data, and their detectability is considered. The implication of the galactic distribution of low energy cosmic rays for the gas density of the interstellar space through which the cosmic rays propagate is also discussed.
A Catalogue of 5 GHz Galactic Plane Sources
Authors: Haynes RF , Caswell JL , Simons LWJ
Published: June 2013

A catalogue at 5 GHz of 915 sources in the galactic plane is presented. Sources with a peak beam brightness temperature of at least 0�2 K above the surrounding background are included, except in confused regions; a point source of 0�2 K corresponds to o� 26 Jy.
Bounds for the Centre-of-mass-corrected Energy-weighted Sum Rules for Nuclear Form Factors and Multipole Moments
Authors: Koo WK , Tassie LJ
Published: June 2013

Energy-weighted angular-momentum-projected sum rules for form factors and multipole moments of arbitrary states are corrected for centre-of-mass motion. Cumbersome expressions are obtained for the general case, but comparatively simple bounds have been obtained for particular cases. The results show that the corrections can only be important for light nuclei or at large momentum transfers.
keV Neutron Capture in 141Pr
Authors: Taylor RB , Allen BJ , de L Musgrove AR , Macklin RL
Published: June 2013

The neutron capture cross section of 141Pr has been measured with 0�2% energy resolution from 2�5 to 200 keY. Resonance parameters are given from 2�6 to 13�3 keY. The average s-wave radiative width is 88 meY, with a standard deviation of 27 meY. The s-wave reduced neutron widths and the corresponding radiative widths are not correlated, but the standard deviation of the s-wave radiative widths greatly exceeds that predicted by the statistical model.
Radiation Properties of Arc Antennas in a Warm Plasma
Authors: Soni KR , Arora CL
Published: June 2013

General expressions for the radiation properties of centre-fed standing wave circular arc antennas in a compressible electron plasma are derived in terms of the plasma and antenna parameters. The effects of these parameters on the antenna radiation characteristics are evaluated numerically and shown graphically for quarter-, semi- and three-quarter-circular arc and loop antennas. It is observed that the radiation properties depend ignificantly on the plasma frequency. For a given antenna size and plasma frequency, the power radiated in the electromagnetic mode decreases with increasing antenna curvature, while that radiated in the plasma mode remains almost independent of the antenna's shape. The radiation efficiency of an arc antenna thus decreases with increasing curvature.
Temperature Dependence of Carrier Scattering Rate in Copper from Magnetoacoustic Experiments
Authors: Johnson PB , Rayne JA
Published: June 2013

The temperature dependence of the carrier scattering rate in copper has been determined from magnetoacoustic data. For both the (100) central belly orbit and the (110) 'dogs-bone' orbit a T3 dependence is observed, the coefficients of the corresponding term in the scattering rate agreeing well with those obtained from radio frequency size-effect experiments. Previously reported discrepancies between the results obtained by the two methods are discussed and tentatively resolved.
Nuclear Orientation and Its Application in Solid State Physics
Authors: Turrell BG
Published: June 2013

The techniques of nuclear orientation and nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented nuclei are introduced and some of their applications to various problems in solid state magnetism are described. In particular, the magnetic properties of materials can be studied by investigating quadrupole interactions, hyperfine field distributions, Knight shifts, spin-lattice relaxation and magnetic structure.
The Drift Velocity of Electrons in Mercury Vapour at 573 K
Authors: Elford MT
Published: June 2013

The drift velocity of electrons in mercury vapour at 573 K has been measured using the Bradbury-Nielsen time-of-flight method at vapour number densities ranging from 3�40x 1017 to 1�83x1018 cm-3 and at E/Nvalues from 0�1 to 3�0 Td. The measured drift velocities increase linearly with mercury vapour number density, the magnitude of the dependence being a function of E/ N. This number density dependence has been attributed to the presence of mercury dimers and the drift velocity corresponding to dimer-free mercury vapour has been obtained by extrapolation. Sources-of error are examined and the present results are compared with those of previous workers.
A Comparison of Spectroscopic Models of Low Excitation 2+ States in 24Mg and 28Si from Inelastic Proton Scattering
Authors: Amos K , Nesci P , Morrison I
Published: June 2013

Distorted wave approximation analyses of the inelastic scattering of 49�5 MeV protons from 24Mg and 28Si are used to compare 2 + transition densities that were obtained from a standard shell model, deformed potential models and an SU(3) model of the low excitation spectroscopy of these nuclei. Analysing power predictions do not reproduce the data adequately, and the discrepancies indicate a deficiency in the prescription for the transition mechanism.
On the Relationship between Quantum, Random and Semiclassical Electrodynamics
Authors: Davies B , Burkitt AN
Published: June 2013

We investigate a form of random electrodynamics in which random electromagnetic fields are used in conjunction with a semiclassical treatment of the Dirac equation. We demonstrate that the S-matrix expansion of this theory is identical with the quantum electrodynamic expansion. We show how one can determine for a particular process whether or not a purely semiclassical calculation will suffice. In particular we show that the Lamb shift needs for its explanation both semiclassical interactions and random field fluctuations.
Heat Flow at Pressed Contacts
Authors: Goldsmid HJ , Kaila MM
Published: June 2013

Observations have been made of the temperature changes that occur when a heated copper probe is pressed against hard samples of different thermal conductivity under a range of mechanical loads. A comparison is made between the electrical and thermal resistance when the test sample is an electrical conductor. The effect of replacing the ambient air by helium is also studied. The results are analysed in terms of a theoretical model that has been proposed for a recently developed thermal comparator, but they should also be relevant to pressed contacts in general. The most significant observation is that of a very weak dependence of the thermal contact resistance on load.
Spherically Symmetric Charged Dust Distribution in General Relativity. I. General Solution
Authors: Nayak BK
Published: June 2013

The Einstein-Maxwell field equations characterizing a spherically symmetric charged dust distnbution are solved exactly without imposing any mathematical condition on them. The solution is expressed in terms of two arbitrary variables and these can be chosen to correspond to an arbitrary ratio of charge density to mass density, thus allowing the possibility of understanding the interior of the horizon in a more precise manner.
What is Happening in Particle Physics Theory: A Review Talk for Non-particle Physicists
Authors: R Quinn Helen
Published: June 2013

This talk presents a review of the current status of particle physics theory. It is intended for the physicist working in other areas of physics and hence describes the particle content of an SU(3)�SU(2)� U(l) gauge theory with very few technical details. Attempts to find a 'grand-unified' version of the theory are also briefly discussed.
Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range 1014?1017 eV
Authors: Hillas AM
Published: June 2013

It is possible to explain the gross features of extensive air showers using very different alternative assumptions about the character of particle interactions, provided that different assumptions are made about the primary particle flux and composition. From this fact it is first shown that a very consistent set of fairly direct measurements on primary flux now exists (subject to the acceptance of a systematic bias in one set of data), together with constraints on the composition. (Protons and other nuclei however turn out not to have the same rigidity spectrum.) The gross features of showers mostly fit a scaling model with rising cross sections, but there are contrary indications (particularly from y-ray flux, particle spread and core structure at the higher energies) that a change in the nature of interactions occurs above 10'5 eV, and this puzzle has not been solved.
Techniques and Convergence Properties of EFG Lattice Summations
Authors: Barton WA , Cashion JD
Published: June 2013

The calculation of electric field gradient (EFG) lattice sums over point charges in ionic crystals is considered. Although the de Wette method gives rapidly converging sums under favourable circumstances, direct summations over a unit cell-shaped cavity are found to produce lattice sums which converge regularly as N-2 (N is the number of unit cells in a side of the cavity), allowing accurate extrapolation to their values for an infinite lattice by means of Neville tables. This convergence behaviour can be explained mathematically for orthogonal lattices using the Euler-Maclaurin formula. A point charge calculation of the EFGs at low symmetry sites in GdFe03 has been carried out to compare the convergence of the direct summation and de Wette techniques and to illustrate the N-2 convergence of the direct lattice sums.
Low-lying Levels of 10B
Authors: Barker FC
Published: June 2013

The shell model interaction parameters of Cohen and Kurath are modified in order to give better agreement with experiment for the electromagnetic transition matrix elements and energies of the low-lying levels of lOB. The predicted quadrupole moment of the first excited state of lOB is about -0?8efm2
Electron Excitations and Sum Rules for Multipole Transitions
Authors: Koo WK , Tassie LJ
Published: June 2013

A School of Physics, University of Science of Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. B Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.
Cross Section Measurements for the Reactions 53Cr(p,g)54Mn, 53Cr(p,n)53Mn and 53Cr(p, p')53Cr
Authors: Gardner HJ , Mitchell LW , Kennett SR , Anderson MR , Sargood DG
Published: June 2013

Cross sections have been measured for the reactions 53Cr(p, y)5 4Mn, 53Cr(p, n)53Mn and 53Cr(p, p/)53Cr over the proton energy range O'88-2'40 MeV. The results are compared with the predictions of statistical model, calculations with global optical model parameters, with particular reference to the role of isobaric analogue resonances. Satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment is achieved for all three reactions.
Order?Disorder Transformations in Alloys. The Inclusion of Non-nearest Neighbour Interactions in Cluster Variation Methods. I. Critical Temperature and High Temperature Specific Heats for Body Centred Cubic Lattices
Authors: M Hanley Joan , E Peacock Thomas
Published: June 2013

The Sanchez and de Fontaine formulation of the cluster variation method is used in a study of order-disorder phase transformations in a body centred cubic (b.c.c.) lattice. The method is modified to include second neighbour interactions in the configurational energy term. The dependence of the critical temperature on the ratio a of second neighbour to nearest neighbour interaction energy is studied. The method is also used to study. the dependence of the high temperature specific heat on a. It is found that the sign and magnitude of a have a marked effect on both of these properties.
Day-to-Day Variability of the Sq Geomagnetic Field Variation
Authors: Hibberd FH
Published: June 2013

Much apparent day-to-day variability in the H component of the Sq variation in low and middle latitudes is not due to a variability in ionospheric currents, but arises from contamination by often unrecognized disturbance field variations associated with distant agnetospheric currents. There appears to be little, if any, day-to-day variability in the shape, type or phase of the pure Sqvariation. There is, however, a substantial day-to-day variability in the daily range of Sq and this has a worldwide rather than a local cause. No conclusive evidence exists for motion of the Sq foci. In low and middle latitudes the Sq variation is essentially a daytime phenomenon.
Analytic Approximations for Integrated Electron?Atom Excitations
Authors: McCarthy IE , Saha BC , Stelbovics AT
Published: June 2013

Accurate calculations of atomic excitations require estimates of the effect of higher excitations on the effective (optical) potential coupling various reaction channels. The total cross section for a particular excitation is proportional to the maximum contribution of that excitation to the imaginary part of the elastic momentum-space optical potential, and is typical of the contribution to the potential in general. Analytic expressions relevant to the calculation of optical potentials are given Their validity is estimated by comparison with more-accurate calculations and with experimental excitation cross sections.
Nonlinear Magnetic Convection at Small Prandtl Numbers
Authors: Riahi N
Published: June 2013

Nonlinear magnetic convection is investigated using the modal equations for cellular convection. The boundary layer method is used assuming large Rayleigh number R and small Prandtl number a for different ranges of the Chandrasekhar number Q. The heat flux F is determined for the value of the wave number which maximizes F. For a weak field, F is independent of Q but increases with Ra; for a moderate field, F decreases with Q but increases with R and a; for a strong field, F decreases with Q, increases with R and is ndependent of a. F eventually becomes 0(1) as Q 4- OCR), and the layer becomes stable.
A Southern Survey of OH Masers at 1612 MHz
Authors: Caswell JL , Haynes RF , Goss WM , Mebold U
Published: June 2013

A search for OH at 1612 MHz has been made along the galactic plane from longitude 3400 to the galactic centre, yielding 78 emission sources (mostly new discoveries); a further 5 sources have been found in a less sensitive survey between longitudes 2700 and 3260 Of these 83 sources 55 are masers of the variety showing two intensity peaks spaced in velocity-a characteristic of OH/IR stars. The velocity and spatial distributions of these new OHjIR stars (which are not as yet identified in the optical or infrared) are discussed, with special reference to their kinematic properties and population type; it is still not clear whether they are predominantly late-type giants (Mira variables) or supergiants. The other 28 OH sources detected include 11 of the type lIe variety (extended OH clouds exhibiting 1612 MHz emission with accompanying 1720 MHz absorption) and 4 with accompanying main-line (type 1)OH masers; the remaining 13 sources do not readily fit within existing classification schemes and are discussed individually
Coherent States and Fock States at Very High Average Photon Numbers
Authors: Troup GJ , Perlman HS
Published: June 2013

A laser field may be idealized as a coherent state, but it is often more convenient to use Fock states fQr quantum electrodynamical calculations. A Fock state implies fluctuations in the field intensity, aptl a constant field intensity (coherent state) implies fluctuations in the photon number. Both these effects are discussed rigorously. When the average photon number tends to infinity, these different states become asymptotically indistinguishable.
Relativistic and Nonlinear Radiation Interaction Between Laser Beams and Plasmas
Authors: L Kane Edward , Hora Heinrich
Published: June 2013

Starting from a combination of Maxwell's laws for the electromagnetic field and the conservation. equations for a fully ionized plasma, the appropriate equations describing electrodynamic laser propagation and plasma dynamic particle motion are developed and solved. Calculations for multiply ionized transient conditions are carried out to yield electric field amplitudes, radial electron number density distributions and the progress of formation of a self-focused beam filament as a function of the target plasma density distribution and the laser pulse power-time history, among other parameters. Separate solutions emphasizing field-induced plasma motion on the one hand and significant beam contraction on the other are illustrated.