bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Trihalide‐Promoted Regioselective Ring‐Opening Reactions of gem‐Difluorocyclopropyl Ketones.
Authors: Yang Tang‐Po , Li Qiang , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: April 2014

The presented strategy offers a straightforward access to beta‐halodifluoromethyl substituted ketones which are difficult to prepare using other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Hydrazine‐Derived Compounds from Amino Isocyanates Generated in situ.
Authors: Clavette Christian , Rocan Jean‐Francois Vincent , Beauchemin Andre M.
Published: April 2014

Simple O‐phenyl‐substituted carbazates can form amphoteric amino isocyanate intermediates in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Esterification of Ketenes Generated in situ from Acyl Chlorides with (R)‐Pantolactone Derivatives.
Authors: Yamagami Takafumi , Hatsuda Masanori , Utsugi Masayuki , Kobayashi Ryo , Moritani Yasunori
Published: April 2014

The use of NEt3 is found to be important to achieve high diastereoselectivity in this reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydroaminomethylation of Olefins Using Simple and Efficient Rh—Phosphinite Complex Catalyst.
Authors: Khan Shoeb R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: April 2014

The optimized reaction conditions allow the hydroaminomethylation of olefins to produce secondary or tertiary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Functionalization of 2‐Aminobutanoic Acid Derivatives: Application of a Convenient and Versatile Auxiliary.
Authors: Fan Mengyang , Ma Dawei
Published: April 2014

Boc‐protected amino acids (V) are obtained without a relevant degree of racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Ethylene Methoxycarbonylation with Broensted Acid Ionic Liquids as Promoter and Phase‐Separable Reaction Media.
Authors: Garcia‐Suarez Eduardo J. , Khokarale Santosh G. , van Buu Olivier N. , Fehrmann Rasmus , Riisager Anders
Published: April 2014

Preformation of the catalytic system by stirring the ionic liquid with Pd(OAc)2 and a ligand in MeOH is important to avoid the formation of Pd‐black and thus to improve the reusability of the catalyst system up to 15 recycle experiments without decrease of the conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Control of the Selectivity in the Formal Nucleophilic Substitution of Bromocyclopropanes en Route to Densely Functionalized, Chirality Rich Cyclopropyl Derivatives.
Authors: Ryabchuk Pavel , Edwards Andrew , Gerasimchuk Nikolay , Rubina Marina , Rubin Michael
Published: April 2014

A highly diastereoselective addition of nucleophiles to in situ generated cyclopropenes is successfully accomplished by using a “dual control” strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkenyl Halides with Arylboron Compounds.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Suzuki Kentaro , Miura Norio
Published: April 2014

The rhodium(I)‐catalyzed reaction between arylboronic esters and excess 1,2‐dichloroethene selectively affords 2‐chlorovinylarenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Hetereogeneous CuII‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Controlled Selective N‐Arylation of Cyclic Amides and Amines with Bromo‐iodoarenes.
Authors: Kundu Debasish , Bhadra Sukalyan , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Sreedhar Bojja , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: April 2014

An efficient protocol for the N‐arylation of different cyclic amides and amines under convenient conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, Sustainable, and Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Phenols Catalyzed by a Biodegradable Deep Eutectic Mixture in Water.
Authors: Wang Liang , Dai Dong‐Yan , Chen Qun , He Ming‐Yang
Published: April 2014

The catalyst can be reused in five consecutive runs without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Nanocatalyst for an Efficient Ugi Reaction: Magnetically Recoverable Cu(acac)2/NH2‐T/SiO2@Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Ghavami Monireh , Koohi Maryam , Kassaee Mohammad Zaman
Published: April 2014

Cu(acac)2 immobilized on the surface of amine‐terminated silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles appears to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of α‐aminoacyl amides (V) (14 examples) Using an Ugi four‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Alkenes Using Sodium Sulfinates.
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu
Published: April 2014

The combined catalytic system consisting of PdCl2, ammonium hexafluorophosphate and the bisoxazoline ligand catalyzes the arylation reaction of styrenes to give selectively (E)‐1,2‐diarylethylenes in the presence of air.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Sulfamides and Sulfonamides Incorporating the Tetralin Scaffold as Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors.
Authors: Akincioglu Akin , Topal Meryem , Guelcin Ilhami , Goeksu Sueleyman
Published: April 2014

New compounds (V), (VII), (X) and (XI) inhibit human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II in the low micromolar and submicromolar range and show moderate inhibition capacity toward acetylcholine esterase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6′ H‐Spiro(indene‐2,2′‐[1,3]oxathiane)‐1,3,5′‐triones.
Authors: Ukhin Lev Yu. , Belousova Lyudmila V. , Shepelenko Evgenii N. , Morkovnik Anatolii S.
Published: April 2014

Spiro compounds (III) and (VII) are prepared from ninhydrin (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparations of 4‐Substituted 3‐Carboxypyrazoles.
Authors: Janin Yves L.
Published: April 2014

Three alternative routes for the synthesis of the title 3‐carboxypyrazoles are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Naphthyl Triflate with Indole Boronic Acids Catalyzed by a Recyclable Polymer‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium Complex Catalyst: Synthesis of Naphthalene‐Linked Bis‐heterocycles (IV).
Authors: Reddy P. Aravinda , Reddy A. Babul , Reddy G. Ramachandra , Reddy N. Subbarami
Published: April 2014

The catalyst is reusable several times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxazoles Synthesis and Their Relevant Antiproliferative Activities.
Authors: Wu Chao , Liang Zhi‐Wu , Xu Ying‐Ying , He Wei‐Min , Xiang Jian‐Nan
Published: April 2014

A series of nine 5‐aryl‐2‐methyloxazoles (III) are synthesized by Au‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation in MeCN.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Safe and Economical Synthesis of Isoxazole.
Authors: Nitlikar Lakshmikant H. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: April 2014

The reaction is performed on a 900 g scale.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Alkenylthiazoles as In‐Out Dienes in Polar [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Cabrera Jose , Sanchez‐Andrada Pilar , Bautista Delia , Pastor Aurelia
Published: April 2014

The thiazoles (IV) undergo regio‐, stereo‐, and site‐selective Diels—Alder reaction with electron‐poor dienophiles to afford various polycyclic thiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Organotin Hydride Catalyzed Enantioselective Radical Cyclization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Usui Asuka , Kan S. B. Jennifer , Maruoka Keiji
Published: April 2014

Additionally an example for enantioselective radical reduction of bromide (IX) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐(1H‐2‐benzopyran‐1‐one) Derivatives: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation.
Authors: Koppula Poonam Kumar , Purohit Nalini
Published: April 2014

A variety of new bis(benzopyranone) derivatives (V) (13 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 2,4‐Diaryl‐6‐methyl‐5‐nitropyrimidines as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents.
Authors: Sura Mallikarjun Reddy , Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy , Bhoomireddy Rajendra Prasad Reddy , Vadde Rama Krishna
Published: April 2014

Most of the title compounds (III) show significant activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, S.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Decarboxylative Mannich Reaction of Malonic Acid Half Oxyesters with Cyclic Trifluoromethyl Ketimines: Synthesis of β‐Amino Esters and anti‐HIV Drug DPC 083.
Authors: Yuan Hai‐Na , Li Shen , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An
Published: April 2014

DPC 083 (X) is prepared in 5 steps starting from the enantiomer of Va.
ChemInform Abstract: The Utility of Carbon Disulfide and Lawesson′s Reagent for Synthesis of Different Fused Heterocycles for Antimicrobial Evaluation.
Authors: Mohamed Nadia R. , Khaireldin Nahed Y. , Fahmy Amin F. , El‐Sayed Ahmed A.
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of a variety of fused pyrimidine and diazaphosphinine derivatives via reactions of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanohexahydroquinolines (I) and related pyrazolopyridines (VII) with CS2 and Lawesson′s reagent, resp., is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Selection in Synthesis of 4‐(1‐Arylfluoroethoxy)quinazolines and Thienopyrimidines.
Authors: Han Jin , Sundby Eirik , Hoff Baard Helge
Published: April 2014

Optimized conditions including acetonitrile as solvent and Cs2CO3 as base allow the efficient nucleophilic aromatic substitution of substrates (I) and (IV) with 1‐aryl‐2‐fluoroethanols as nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 2‐Methyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones and 2‐Methyl‐4H‐pyrido[2,3‐d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one under Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Prousis Kyriakos C. , Tzani Andromachi , Avlonitis Nicolaos , Calogeropoulou Theodora , Detsi Anastasia
Published: April 2014

Reaction of the title oxazinones (III) with C‐nucleophiles (IV) under microwave irradiation conditions gives fused pyridine derivatives (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Stable 3,6‐Disubstituted 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines.
Authors: Klapoetke Thomas M. , Preimesser Andreas , Stierstorfer Joerg
Published: April 2014

Several new 3,6‐disubstituted tetrazine derivatives are synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reactions of bis(pyrazolyl)tetrazine (I) or chlorotriazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Hard and Soft Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Dissymmetry of α‐Oxoketenedithioacetals and p‐Nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine Exploited to Achieve the Regioselectivity in the Synthesis of 2‐Thiomethyl Ether Substituted Isomer of the Privileged Nucleus of 1,5‐Benzodiazepines over to Its 4‐Substituted Isomers.
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka , Gupta Aarti , Devi Pragati , Kishore Dharma
Published: April 2014

A regioselective way to synthesize 2‐thiomethyl substituted isomers of 1,5‐benzodiazepines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetracyclic Triterpenoids Isolated from Semi‐Mangrove Plant Hibiscus titiaceus.
Authors: Cheng Can‐Ling , Wang Zhong‐Zhao , Li Ping‐Lin , Zhang Xing‐Wang , Wu Rong‐Cui , Zhu Hong‐Yan , Tang Xu‐Li , Li Guo‐Qiang
Published: April 2014

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of two new triterpenoids, tiliacol A (I) and tiliacol B (II), along with one known analogue
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Resolution Through Stereoselective Transglycosylation by Sucrose Phosphorylase: Application to the Synthesis of a New Biomimetic Compatible Solute, (R)‐2‐O‐α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl Glyceric Acid Amide.
Authors: Wildberger Patricia , Brecker Lothar , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: April 2014

The sucrose phosphorylase catalyzed glycosylation of racemic glyceric acid amide (II) with sucrose (I) affords the new biomimetic glycoside (III) in high yield with complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Indole Alkaloids from Emmenopterys henryi
Authors: Zhao Qin‐Shi , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

isolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of two new indole alkaloids, 5‐oxodolichantoside (I) and deglycocadambine (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids from Ochrosia borbonica.
Authors: Zhang Bing‐Jie , Yan Ju‐Ming , Wu Zi‐Kun , Liu Ya‐Ping , Bao Mei‐Fen , Cheng Gui‐Guang , Luo Xiao‐Dong , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Li Yan
Published: April 2014

Next to some known alkaloids from Ochrosia borbonica compound III shows cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iriomoteolides‐4a (I) and ‐5a (II), Hydrophilic Macrolides from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium Species.
Authors: Kumagai Keiko , Tsuda Masashi , Fukushi Eri , Kawabata Jun
Published: April 2014

The new macrolides exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity against human B lymphocyte DG‐75 (IC50 0.8 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Diospentenols A (I) and B (II), Two New Cyclopentapyrans Isolated from Abandoned Mine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. KMA‐001.
Authors: Park Jin‐Soo , Cha Jin Wook , Kim Seong‐Hwan , Oh Dong‐Chan , Kwon Hak Cheol
Published: April 2014

Both compounds (I) and (II) are obtained as racemic mixtures and their absolute configurations are not determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Flavokawain B and Its anti‐Proliferative Activity Against Gefitinib‐Resistant Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Seo Young Ho , Oh Yong Jin
Published: April 2014

The natural product flavokawain B (I) impairs the growth of gefitinib‐resistant non‐small cell lung cancer (H1975) and disrupted Hsp90 chaperoning function.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Silica‐Based Nanoporous Materials Revealed by Microscopy
Authors: Terasaki Osamu , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Light on an Old Story: Perovskites Go Solar
Authors: Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: April 2014

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advance in Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation for the Construction of C(sp3)—CF3 Bonds.
Authors: Xu Jun , Liu Xiaoyang , Fu Yao
Published: April 2014

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Brief Review of Graphene‐Metal Oxide Composites Synthesis and Applications in Photocatalysis
Authors: Hu Changyuan , Lu Tiewen , Chen Fei , Zhang Rongbin
Published: April 2014

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Diphosphines: The Impact of DIFLUORPHOS in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Genet Jean‐Pierre , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: April 2014

Review: 430 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of Ethyl 3‐Amino‐4,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate
Authors: El‐Sayed Hassan A.
Published: April 2014

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spiro‐Ketal Derivatives
Authors: Kaur K. , Mehta D. K. , Gupta G. K. , Das R. , Kushwah P. , Farooq S. A.
Published: April 2014

Review: methods to synthesize spiro ketals and their pharmacological evaluation from yar 1979 to 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Amino Acids and Analogues for Foldamers Study
Authors: Haldar Debasish
Published: April 2014

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Assembly Reactions: Synthesis of Spirooxindoles via Organocascade Strategies
Authors: Cheng Daojuan , Ishihara Yoshihiro , Tan Bin , Barbas Carlos F.
Published: April 2014

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Trapping Mechanism of Mannitol in Fenton Reactions
Authors: Magara Kengo , Ikeda Tsutomu
Published: April 2014

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Perazamacrocycles: Synthesis and Applications. Part 1
Authors: Savoia Diego , Gualandi Andrea
Published: April 2014

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assemblies by Charge‐Transfer Interactions Between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores
Authors: Das Anindita , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: April 2014

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based and Fragment‐Based GPCR Drug Discovery
Authors: Andrews Stephen P. , Brown Giles A. , Christopher John A.
Published: April 2014

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Organozinc Reagents in Medicinal Chemistry: Discovery of Novel Drug Candidates
Authors: Sidduri Achyutharao , Tilley Jefferson W. , Fotouhi Nader
Published: April 2014

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrated Antimicrobial and Nonfouling Zwitterionic Polymers
Authors: Mi Luo , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: April 2014

Review: recent microbiological applications of zwitterionic polymers and their derivatives; 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Layfield Richard A.
Published: April 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Stabilization of Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel‐Cell Reactions
Authors: Cao Minna , Wu Dongshuang , Cao Rong
Published: April 2014

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Kustov Leonid M. , Tarasov Andrei L. , Sung Jae , Godovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: April 2014

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Kinetics and Mechanisms of Complex Systems: A Perspective on Recent Theoretical Advances
Authors: Klippenstein Stephen J. , Pande Vijay S. , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: April 2014

Review: 346 refs.
Epidermal growth factor‐like domain 7 is a marker of the endothelial lineage and active angiogenesis
Authors: Bambino Kathryn , Lacko Lauretta A. , Hajjar Katherine A. , Stuhlmann Heidi
Published: April 2014

Epidermal growth factor‐like domain 7 (Egfl7) expression in the developing embryo is largely restricted to sites of mesodermal progenitors of angioblasts/hemangioblasts and the vascular endothelium. We hypothesize that Egfl7 marks the endothelial lineage during embryonic development, and can be used to define the emergence of endothelial progenitor cells, as well as to visualize newly‐forming vasculature in the embryo and during the processes of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis in the adult. We have generated a transgenic mouse strain that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of a minimal Egfl7 regulatory sequence (Egfl7:eGFP). Expression of the transgene recapitulated that of endogenous Egfl7 at sites of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the allantois, yolk sac, and in the embryo proper. The transgene was not expressed in the quiescent endothelium of most adult organs. However, the uterus and ovary, which undergo vascular growth and remodeling throughout the estrus cycle, expressed high levels of Egfl7:eGFP. Importantly, expression of the Egfl7:eGFP transgene was induced in adult neovasculature. We also found that increased Egfl7 expression contributed to pathologic revascularization in the mouse retina. To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model that enables monitoring of endothelial cells at sites of active vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. This model also facilitated the isolation and characterization of EGFL7+ endothelial cell populations by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Together, our results demonstrate that the Egfl7:eGFP reporter mouse is a valuable tool that can be used to elucidate the mechanisms by which blood vessels form during development and under pathologic circumstances. genesis 52:657–670, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Stability of Thin‐Film Multijunction Thermal Converters
Authors: Amaga Yasutaka , Fujiki Hiroyuki , Shimizume Koji , Hidaka Shigeru
Published: April 2014

We have demonstrated the long‐term stability and environmental durability of a high‐performance thin‐film multijunction thermal converter (TMJTC) with an improved thin‐film thermopile design. We fabricated a new TMJTC with an improved deposition pattern for a Bi‐Sb‐Cu‐based thin‐film thermopile in order to avoid interface delamination between the Bi and the Cu layers. Our TMJTC exhibited good frequency properties, with an ac–dc difference of less than 5 μV/V in the range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz, at a root‐mean‐square (rms) voltage of 10 V. The long‐term stability of the TMJTC has been significantly increased owing to the performance of the developed thin‐film thermopile, as compared with that of previously fabricated TMJTCs, exhibiting an ac–dc difference of less than 2 μV/V after 18 months at room temperature. We also evaluated the temperature, relative humidity, and pressure characteristics of the TMJTC in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards for electronic devices. The measurement results showed that the dependence of the ac–dc transfer difference on the temperature, humidity, and pressure was less than 1 μV/V, which is comparable to the results of thermal converters, constituting the primary standard.
Suppression of Metallic Particle Lift‐Off in GIS by a Nonlinear Resistivity Coating
Authors: Nojima Kenichi , Zhang Xueqin , Matsuzaki Hidehito , Ando Hideyasu , Shiiki Motoharu , Takei Masafumi
Published: April 2014

To suppress metallic particle lift‐off in compact gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS), a coating with nonlinear resistivity characteristics was developed for the inner surface of the GIS tank. An electrical field analysis that measured the current density and electric field (J–E) characteristic indicates that a nonlinear resistivity coating can reduce field intensification at triple junctions between metallic particles and the coating, and can effectively suppress particle lift‐off. The results of experiments using a GIS mock‐up model indicate that a nonlinear resistivity coating increases the lift‐off electric field of metallic particles with less statistical dispersion than a dielectric coating.
PSGL‐1 and E/P‐selectins are essential for T‐cell rolling in inflamed CNS microvessels but dispensable for initiation of EAE
Authors: Sathiyanadan Karthik , Coisne Caroline , Enzmann Gaby , Deutsch Urban , Engelhardt Britta
Published: April 2014

T‐cell migration across the blood‐brain barrier is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of EAE, an animal model for MS. Live cell imaging studies demonstrated that P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1) and its endothelial ligands E‐ and P‐selectin mediate the initial rolling of T cells in brain vessels during EAE. As functional absence of PSGL‐1 or E/P‐selectins does not result in ameliorated EAE, we speculated that T‐cell entry into the spinal cord is independent of PSGL‐1 and E/P‐selectin. Performing intravital microscopy, we observed the interaction of WT or PSGL‐1−/− proteolipid protein‐specific T cells in inflamed spinal cord microvessels of WT or E/P‐selectin−/− SJL/J mice during EAE. T‐cell rolling but not T‐cell capture was completely abrogated in the absence of either PSGL‐1 or E‐ and P‐selectin, resulting in a significantly reduced number of T cells able to firmly adhere in the inflamed spinal cord microvessels, but did not lead to reduced T‐cell invasion into the CNS parenchyma. Thus, PSGL‐1 interaction with E/P‐selectin is essential for T‐cell rolling in inflamed spinal cord microvessels during EAE. Taken together with previous observations, our findings show that T‐cell rolling is not required for successful T‐cell entry into the CNS and initiation of EAE.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of mer‐Tris‐picolinatoruthenium(III) by L‐Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Katafias Anna , Impert Olga , Kita Przemysław , Fenska Joanna , Koter Stanisław , Kaczmarek‐Kędziera Anna , Różycki Henryk , Bajek Anna , Uzarska Małgorzata , van Eldik Rudi
Published: April 2014

The kinetics of reduction of the mer‐[RuIII(pic)3] complex (pic– = picolinato) by ascorbic acid (AscH2) leading to formation of a red ruthenium(II) species have been studied spectrophotometrically by using both conventional mixing and stopped‐flow methods. The reaction was followed as a function of the reductant concentration over a wide pH range (1.0–7.4). Electron transfer proceeds by an outer‐sphere mechanism involving three protolytic forms of ascorbic acid, AscH2, AscH– and Asc2–, for which specific rate constants have been determined. The Gibbs' energy of activation was found to correlate linearly with the HOMO energies of the protolytic forms of the reductant. The mer‐[RuIII(pic)3] complex is too sparingly soluble in water to inhibit the growth of the Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) strain. Its cytotoxicity against non‐tumorigenic cells precludes its potential use as an anticancer agent.
CuII‐Templated Threading of a Bis‐amide‐tris‐amine Macrocycle by Substituted 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Derivatives Assisted by Strong π–π Stacking and Second‐Sphere H‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Saha Subrata , Santra Saikat , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: April 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Pradyut Ghosh at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). The cover image shows the [2]pseudorotaxane architecture in which metal coordination, aromatic π–π stacking, and second‐sphere hydrogen‐bonding interactions operate between the wheel and the axle simultaneously.
Metallic Charge‐Transfer Salts of Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene with Paramagnetic Tetrachloro(oxalato)rhenate(IV) and Tris(chloranilato)ferrate(III) Anions
Authors: Benmansour Samia , Coronado Eugenio , Giménez‐Saiz Carlos , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Rößer Carola
Published: April 2014

The synthesis, crystal structure and physical characterization of three radical salts of the donor bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT‐TTF or ET) and tetrachloro(oxalato)rhenate(IV) {[ReCl4(C2O4)]2–} or tris(chloranilato)ferrate(III) {[Fe(C6O4Cl2)3]3–} anions are reported. The isolated salts with ReIV are (ET)[ReCl4(C2O4)] [1, monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.3409(3) Å, b = 10.8414(2) Å, c = 11.1285(3) Å, β = 99.9714(7)°, V = 2179.38(8) Å3, Z = 4] and (ET)4[ReCl4(C2O4)]·C6H5CN [2, monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 11.8549(2) Å, b = 32.9079(5) Å, c = 36.4154(5) Å, β = 96.742(2)°, V = 14108.1(4) Å3, Z = 8]. The salt with FeIII is (ET)6[Fe(C6O4Cl2)3]·(H2O)1.5·(CH2Cl2)0.5 [3, triclinic, space group P$\bar {1}$ with a = 20.9489(7) Å, b = 26.7244(8) Å, c = 33.9132(11) Å, α = 68.262(3)°, β = 80.632(3)°, γ = 71.172(3)°, V = 16672.2(9) Å3, Z = 6]. Compounds 2 and 3 are two rare examples of paramagnetic molecular metals and the first ones in their respective families. Compound 3 has a very unusual θ21 phase and the largest number of independent ET molecules reported to date (18).
Stabilization of refined rapeseed oil during deep‐fat frying by selected herbs*
Authors: Taha Eman , Abouelhawa Salah , El‐Geddawy Mohamed , Sorour Mohamed , Aladedunye Felix , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: April 2014

Lipophilic components of three herbs, sage, thyme, and rosemary, were extracted into refined rapeseed oil by continuous stirring at 30°C for 24 h. The oxidative and frying stability of the flavored oil was assessed by Rancimat at 120°C and frying of French fries at 175°C, respectively. In comparison to the control with an induction period of 4.1 h in the Rancimat test, the treatment with thyme, rosemary, and sage resulted in induction periods of 5.3, 9.3, and 11.0 h, respectively, corresponding to stabilization factors of 1.1, 2.0, and 2.4, respectively. In contrast to the oxidative stability at 120°C, treated oils exhibited significantly lower frying stability, compared to the control. For instance, whereas rapeseed oils treated with plant materials exceeded the 12% regulatory limit for oligomeric triacylglycerols within 20 h of frying, the limit was only exceeded after 25 h of frying in the control. However, despite the significantly higher level of thermo‐oxidative degradation in the flavored oils, the sensory quality of the French fries prepared in these oils remained still acceptable within the frying time of 32 h whereas fries prepared in the control oil were judged unacceptable. Further, endogenous tocopherols were better protected in the treated oils.

Practical applications: The prolongation of the shelf life of frying oils is of great economical and commercial importance. Thus, food processors are very interested in the improvement of the thermal stability of frying oils, which may provide remarkable savings. On the other side more and more flavored oils come to the market. Therefore it is important to have more information about the oxidative and thermal stability of such oils.
Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Azide‐Derivatised Aminocyclitols by Catalytic Diazo Transfer and CuAAC Click Chemistry
Authors: Ji Li , Zhou Guo‐Quan , Qian Chao , Chen Xin‐Zhi
Published: April 2014

CuII‐catalysed diazo transfer and CuI‐catalysed azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click chemistry” were used to synthesis C7N aminocyclitol‐derivatised 1,2,3‐triazoles. In the course of this work, the ‐N=N‐ moiety was transferred onto C7N aminocyclitols such as validamine, valienamine and valiolamine by employing imidazole‐1‐sulfonyl azide as the diazo transfer reagent with catalysis by CuII, ZnII and NiII, in moderate to good yields. The obtained azidocyclitols were coupled with various terminal alkynes under modified Meldal's conditions with good to excellent yields. The stereo‐ and regiochemistry of the products were confirmed by 2D‐NMR (NOESY and HMBC). One‐pot syntheses of the corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles, as safer and more efficient procedures, were also investigated and gave moderate to good yields.
Solvent‐Free Buchwald–Hartwig Reaction of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides with Secondary Amines
Authors: Topchiy Maxim A. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Nechaev Mikhail S.
Published: April 2014

A highly efficient solvent‐free protocol for the Buchwald–Hartwig amination of (hetero)aryl halides by secondary amines was developed. The reaction is mediated by a Pd(OAc)2/RuPhos catalytic system in air. Various (hetero)aryl halides were coupled with diaryl, alkyl–aryl, and dialkylamines in good to excellent yields (51 examples, 50–99 % yield).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes with Organosilicon Reagents
Authors: Fan Huixin , Shang Yaping , Su Weiping
Published: April 2014

The palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of polyfluoroarenes with organosilicon reagents was achieved by establishing general reaction conditions. This protocol was compatible with a broad range of functional groups and offered the desired products in moderate to good yields.
Seasonal variations of NOM composition and their reactivity in a low humic water
Authors: Karapinar Nazan , Uyak Vedat , Soylu Senay , Topal Tufan
Published: April 2014

Natural organic matter (NOM) and its potential to form disinfection by‐products (DBPs) during water treatment are of great public health concern. Understanding the seasonal changes in NOM composition and their reactivity in DBP formation could lead to a better treatment of drinking water and a more consistent water quality. NOM from the Terkos Lake was fractionated and characterized by XAD resin adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques during four different seasons within a year. XAD fraction analysis indicates that the HPI (38%) and the TPI (21%) were the dominant chemical fractions as DOC masses across the sampling period. Moreover, the fractions contributing to the most UV254 absorbance were HPO, which accounted for more than 72% of total UV254. It was found that the percentages of UV254 of HPI and TPI showed significant amount of variation with coefficients of variation of 48% (HPI) and 35% (TPI), respectively. Moreover, it was concluded that the HPO fraction was the primary THM precursor, which contributed more than 48%, and while the primary fraction of HAA precursors was found to be TPI, accounting for more than 47% of total HAAFP with exceptions in January 2011. As obviously seen in this study, the hydrophobic constituents in Terkos Lake water are on the low end of the spectrum in terms of their reactivity to form HAAs. In the context of THM reactivity, the physical properties (i.e., moleculer size) of Terkos Lake NOM are more important than their chemical properties (i.e., aromaticity). On the other hand, the predominant fraction as the source of HAAs precursors was found to be with the TPI and HPI chemical fractions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 962–971, 2014
Acid‐stressed control of market waste anaerobic digestion using pH adjustment
Authors: Pibul Panatda , Towprayoon Sirintornthep
Published: April 2014

This work highlights the influence of pH on the acid stress control of market waste in a single‐stage batch reactor for two different pH‐controlled regimes (neutral pH and stepwise increasing pH). The stress from the acid was defined using two primary parameters, the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and undissociated acid (UA) concentrations, and the ratio of the two parameters (TVFA/UA). The results indicated that stepwise increases in the pH value of the system are much better than maintaining a neutral pH throughout the entire process because the first option sustains an appropriate value for the TVFA, that is, <20 g of acetic acid (HAc) per liter, which allows its gas to reach a methane concentration of 60%. Conversely, the second regime only reached a maximum methane concentration of 9%, which yielded TVFA values between 30 g HAc/L and 40 g HAc/L. These TVFA concentrations inhibit the system. The stepwise control of the pH thus helps to handle market waste in a single stage digester and avoids acid stress between dissociated and undissociated volatile fatty acids (VFAs). © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 132–138, 2015
Electricity Capacity Markets: A Primer
Authors: Drom Rick
Published: April 2014

Sufficient generation facilities (i.e., capacity) must be available whenever electricity is needed to meet a particular region's demand, in order for the nation's electric system to effectively function. Although electricity capacity markets established by regional transmission organizations/independent system operators (RTOs/ISOs) vary widely, these markets are designed, among other things, to (1) maintain reliability, (2) encourage the economic development of new capacity resources, and (3) moderate electricity price swings.
Degradation of CO2 through dielectric barrier discharge microplasma
Authors: Duan Xiaofei , Li Yanping , Ge Wenjie , Wang Baowei
Published: April 2014

The continually increasing use of fossil fuels throughout the world has caused carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration to grow rapidly in the atmosphere. Increasing CO2 emissions are the major cause of global warming, and a number of studies have been done to show the predicted effects of global warming. This paper reported a method of degradation of CO2 through dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma; a microplasma reactor was used to decompose CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) at normal atmosphere and room temperature. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the compositions of the outlet gases. No carbon deposits were found in this work. A variety of parameters, such as feed flow rate, input power, frequency, discharge gap, and external electrode length were investigated. The effects of these parameters on CO2 conversion were examined. At the same time, the effects of feed flow rate and input power on the energy efficiency were studied. The results indicated that a higher conversion of CO2 can be realized with a lower feed flow rate, a limited higher input power and a lower frequency. However, a higher feed flow rate and a lower input power were beneficial for energy utilization. The discharge gap had a little effect on the conversion of CO2 in microplasma reactor. In this work, the highest conversion of CO2 was 18.0%, and the highest energy efficiency was 3.8%. The DBD microplasma is a promising method for decomposing CO2.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Differential effects of early life stress on hippocampus and amygdala volume as a function of emotional abilities
Authors: Aust Sabine , Stasch Joanna , Jentschke Sebastian , Alkan Härtwig Elif , Koelsch Stefan , Heuser Isabella , Bajbouj Malek
Published: April 2014

Early life stress (ELS) is known to have considerable influence on brain development and affective functioning. Previous studies in clinical populations have shown that hippocampus and amygdala, two central structures of limbic emotion processing circuits, are predominantly affected by early stress exposure. Given the inconsistent findings on ELS‐related effects in healthy populations and the associations of ELS and affective functioning, the question arises which additional emotion‐relevant variables need to be considered to better understand the effects of ELS. We, therefore, investigated the volume of hippocampus and amygdala in 25 high alexithymic (h‐ALEX) and 25 low alexithymic (l‐ALEX) individuals, which were matched with regard to ELS, but significantly differed in their degree of emotional functioning. Volumetric analyses were performed using FSL‐FIRST, a method to automatically segment subcortical structures on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Bermond–Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire. ELS was assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Early Trauma Inventory. Our data showed that ELS was negatively associated with right hippocampus volume in h‐ALEX individuals, while there was no such association in the l‐ALEX group. Furthermore, ELS was positively associated with left amygdala volume in l‐ALEX individuals, but not in individuals with high levels of alexithymia. The present study emphasizes a substantial relationship between intrapersonal factors, such as alexithymia and neural alterations related to the experience of ELS. Longitudinal study designs are necessary to pursue the question of how emotional abilities interact with individual adaptations to early stress exposure on the neural level. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baseline prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in healthy Chinese women aged 18–25 years enrolled in a clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Fang‐Hui , Zhu Feng‐Cai , Chen Wen , Li Juan , Hu Yue‐Mei , Hong Ying , Zhang Yi‐Ju , Pan Qin‐Jing , Zhu Jia‐Hong , Zhang Xun , Chen Yong , Tang Haiwen , Zhang Helen , Durand Christelle , Datta Sanjoy K. , Struyf Frank , Bi Dan ,   for the HPV‐039 study group
Published: April 2014

Baseline human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and type distribution were evaluated in young Chinese women enrolled in a clinical trial of an HPV vaccine (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT00779766). Cervical specimens and blood samples were collected at baseline from women aged 18–25 years (n = 6,051) from four sites across Jiangsu province. Cervical specimens were tested for HPV DNA by SPF10 PCR‐DEIA‐LiPA25 version 1, and HPV‐16/18 type‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Anti‐HPV‐16 and anti‐HPV‐18 antibody titres were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. At baseline, 15.3% of women were DNA positive for any of 14 HPV high‐risk (hr) types (HPV‐16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68). The most commonly detected hrHPV types in cervical specimens were HPV‐52 (4.0%) and HPV‐16 (3.7%). High‐risk HPV DNA‐positivity increased with severity of cytological abnormalities: 39.3% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 85.0% in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 97.8% in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The hrHPV types most frequently detected in HSIL were HPV‐16 (63.0%), HPV‐18 (17.4%), HPV‐52 (17.4%), HPV‐58 (15.2%) and HPV‐33 (15.2%). The hrHPV types most frequently detected in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ were HPV‐16 (66.1%), HPV‐33 (16.1%), HPV‐52 (16.1%), HPV‐58 (14.5%) and HPV‐51 (11.3%). Multiple hrHPV infections were reported for 24.4% of hrHPV DNA positive women. Regardless of baseline HPV DNA status, 30.5% and 16.0% of subjects were initially seropositive for anti‐HPV‐16 and anti‐HPV‐18, respectively. In conclusion, the high baseline seropositivity rate and intermediate prevalence of cervical hrHPV types in Chinese women aged 18–25 years underlines the importance of early HPV vaccination in this population.
The clinical impact of using p16INK4a immunochemistry in cervical histopathology and cytology: An update of recent developments
Authors: Bergeron Christine , Ronco Guglielmo , Reuschenbach Miriam , Wentzensen Nicolas , Arbyn Marc , Stoler Mark , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus
Published: April 2014

Cervical cancer screening test performance has been hampered by either lack of sensitivity of Pap cytology or lack of specificity of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing. This uncertainty can lead to unnecessary referral and treatment, which is disturbing for patients and increases costs for health care providers. The identification of p16INK4a as a marker for neoplastic transformation of cervical squamous epithelial cells by HPVs allows the identification of HPV‐transformed cells in histopathology or cytopathology specimens. Diagnostic studies have demonstrated that the use of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry substantially improves the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of histopathologic diagnoses. p16INK4a cytology has substantially higher sensitivity for detection of cervical precancer in comparison to conventional Pap tests. Compared to HPV DNA tests, immunochemical detection of p16INK4a‐stained cells demonstrates a significantly improved specificity with remarkably good sensitivity. About 15 years after the initial observation that p16INK4a is overexpressed in HPV‐transformed cells we review the accumulated clinical evidence suggesting that p16INK4a can serve as a useful biomarker in the routine diagnostic work up of patients with HPV infections and associated lesions of the female anogenital tract.
Parental cancer: Health‐related quality of life and current psychosocial support needs of cancer survivors and their children
Authors: Bultmann Johanna Christine , Beierlein Volker , Romer Georg , Möller Birgit , Koch Uwe , Bergelt Corinna
Published: April 2014

The presence of cancer and additional parental responsibilities can increase strain for individual patients as well as for their children. The construct of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is appropriate to measure a combination of physical, mental and social consequences as a result of disease. However, previous research has merely focused on symptom checklists. This study addresses the following questions: (i) does HRQL in children and their parents with cancer differ compared to the general population? (ii) Are there any variables that are associated with HRQL in children? (iii) What are current psychosocial support needs? A population‐based survey of 976 survivors (<6 years post diagnosis) with minor children between 6 and 18 years (n = 1,449) was conducted with two German cancer registries. HRQL was assessed using SF‐8 (survivors) and Kidscreen (children). The results were compared to normative populations, and predictors associated with HRQL in children were evaluated within a multilevel model. We found that the HRQL in children was better compared to the norm. Only children with support needs had worse HRQL. Older age, having a mother with cancer, having a parent not living together with a partner, and worse parental physical and mental health influenced HRQL in children. Illness characteristics were irrelevant. Even with a mean of 3.5 years after diagnosis, survivors had lower physical and mental health compared to the norm. Our findings reinforce the need for health professionals to pay attention to younger patients and their children. Even years after diagnosis, life might not have returned to normal.
Reduced promoter methylation and increased expression of CSPG4 negatively influences survival of HNSCC patients
Authors: Warta Rolf , Herold‐Mende Christel , Chaisaingmongkol Jittiporn , Popanda Odilia , Mock Andreas , Mogler Carolin , Osswald Florian , Herpel Esther , Küstner Sabine , Eckstein Volker , Plass Christoph , Plinkert Peter , Schmezer Peter , Dyckhoff Gerhard
Published: April 2014

Proteoglycans are often overexpressed in tumors and can be found on several normal and neoplastic stem cells. In this study, we analyzed in‐depth the role of CSPG4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Analysis of CSPG4 in a homogeneous study sample of HPV‐negative stage IVa HNSCCs revealed overexpression of protein and mRNA levels in a subgroup of HNSCC tumors and a significant association of high CSPG4 protein levels with poor survival. This could be validated in three publicly available microarray datasets. As a potential cause for upregulated CSPG4 expression, we identified DNA hypomethylation in a CpG‐island of the promoter region. Accordingly, we found an inverse correlation of methylation and patient outcome. Finally, CSPG4 re‐expression was achieved by demethylating treatment of highly methylated HNSCC cell lines establishing a direct link between methylation and CSPG4 expression. In conclusion, we identified CSPG4 as a novel biomarker in HNSCC on several biological levels and established a causative link between DNA methylation and CSPG4 protein and mRNA expression.
CacyBP/SIP protein is important for the proliferation of human glioma cells
Authors: Shi Hengliang , Gao Yong , Tang Yuan , Wu Yuxuan , Gong Hui , Du Jin , Zheng Bao , Hu Jinxia , Shi Qiong , Yu Rutong
Published: April 2014

Recently, calcyclin‐binding protein or Siah‐1‐interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), a component of a novel ubiquitinylation pathway, could regulate the β‐catenin degradation (Fukushima et al., Immunity 2006, 24, 29 – 39). However, the potential role of CacyBP/SIP itself in human glioma cells has not been clarified. Here, we found that CacyBP/SIP was expressed highly in human glioma tissues. Silencing of CacyBP/SIP by short‐hairpin RNA severely suppressed the proliferation of human glioma cell U251, which was at least partly mediated by downregulation of phospho‐Akt (p‐Akt) and phospho‐β‐catenin (p‐β‐catenin) as well as upregulation of p53 and p21. Furthermore, overexpression of CacyBP/SIP obviously promoted the proliferation of human glioma U251, which exhibited the exactly contrary trend in the expression of p‐Akt, p‐β‐catenin, p53, and p21. Taken together, these findings suggest that CacyBP/SIP plays important roles in the proliferation of human glioma cell which might be involved in the development of human glioma. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(4):286–291, 2014
The effects of listener training on the emergence of categorization and speaker behavior in children with autism
Authors: Kobari‐Wright Vissy V. , Miguel Caio F.
Published: April 2014

We evaluated the effects of listener training on the emergence of categorization and speaker behavior (i.e., tacts) using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Four children with autism learned to select pictures given their dictated category names. We assessed whether they could match and tact pictures by category. After training, 3 participants tacted and categorized all pictures, and 1 participant failed both tests. After tact training, this participant categorized. These results suggest that listener training may be an efficient way to produce speaker behavior and categorization in children who have been diagnosed with autism.
Antecedent interventions for pediatric feeding problems
Authors: Seubert Christine , Fryling Mitch J. , Wallace Michele D. , Jiminez Agustin R. , Meier Aimee E.
Published: April 2014

Behavior analysts have implemented and evaluated several antecedent strategies for treating pediatric feeding problems. The extent to which antecedent interventions are beneficial, however, is not yet clear. This review examines recent research in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (2000–2012) that evaluated antecedent interventions. We found that the feeding diagnosis (food refusal vs. food selectivity) and presence of feeding‐related medical conditions were related to the differential implementation of antecedent interventions.
Preliminary efficacy of prize‐based contingency management to increase activity levels in healthy adults
Authors: Washington Wendy Donlin , Banna Kelly M. , Gibson Amanda L.
Published: April 2014

An estimated 30% of Americans meet the criteria for obesity. Effective, low‐cost interventions to increase physical activity are needed to prevent and treat obesity. In this study, 11 healthy adults wore Fitbit accelerometers for 3 weeks. During the initial baseline, subjects earned prize draws for wearing the Fitbit. During intervention, percentile schedules were used to calculate individual prize‐draw criteria. The final week was a return to baseline. Four subjects increased step counts as a result of the intervention. A bout analysis of interresponse times revealed that subjects increased overall step counts by increasing daily minutes active and within‐bout response rates and decreasing pauses between bouts of activity. Strategies to improve effectiveness are suggested, such as modification of reinforcement probability and amount and identification of the function of periods of inactivity.

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