bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Features and Contributory Factors in Fatal Ciguatera Fish Poisoning—Implications for Prevention and Public Education
Authors: Chan Thomas Y. K.
Published: January 2016

In this review, the main objective was to describe the characteristic features of fatal ciguatera fish poisoning and identify contributory factors, with a view to promote prevention and public education. Ciguatera-related deaths, although rare, have been reported from the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean regions. The clinical features were generally dominated by convulsions and coma, with various focal neurological signs. Several contributory factors could be identified, including consumption of ciguatoxin (CTX)-rich fish parts (viscera and head) in larger amounts, the most ciguatoxic fish species (e.g., Gymnothorax flavimarginatus) and reef fish collected after storms and individuals' susceptibility. Mass ciguatera fish poisoning with mortalities also occurred when G. flavimarginatus and other ciguatoxic fish species were shared in gatherings and parties. The characteristic features of fatal ciguatera fish poisoning must be recognized early. The public should be repeatedly reminded to avoid eating the most ciguatoxic fish species and the CTX-rich parts of reef fish. To prevent mass poisoning in gatherings and parties, the most ciguatoxic fish species and potentially toxic fish species must be avoided. Particularly after hits by disastrous storms, it is important to monitor the toxicity of reef fish and the incidence rates of ciguatera.
Ashes2Art Now and Tomorrow: Delphi, Alexandria and the Red Sea
Authors: Flaten Arne R.
Published: January 2016

Ashes2Art is a collaborative undergraduate research initiative focused on the application of digital tools to cultural heritage projects. The program started in 2005 at Coastal Carolina University, and from 2007 to 2009, Coastal Carolina University worked with students and faculty at Arkansas State University to study and build various digital resources pertaining to Delphi, Greece. In January 2011 the Ashes2Art project at Coastal Carolina University begins collaboration with the Center for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage at Alexandria University, Egypt. We will work with excavation directors on Lake Mareotis (near Alexandria) and at various sites along the Red Sea.
Yacimientos arqueológicos de la Sierra de Atapuerca: Un sistema inalámbrico y computerizado de registro de datos de campo.
Authors: Canals i Salomó Antoni , Guerra Rodríguez David
Published: January 2016

Atapuerca and the EIA (Atapuerca Research Team) designed their own working methods in order to collect all relevant archaeological data direct from field. This system, the Atapuerca Recording System, is defined under some rock ideas: simplicity, scalability, portability and flexibility. This system role a working strategy based on achieving an automatized, optimized, computerized and easy learning process.
La utilización del Láser Scanner en el registro arqueológico: La experiencia de la Universidad de Alcalá.
Authors: Olmo Enciso Lauro , Castro Priego Manuel , López Macía Miguel
Published: January 2016

The area of archeology at the University of Alcalá has been developing for over 5 years the use of 3D instruments for analysis, recording and archaeological study of the buildings of the university complex declared a World Heritage Site in 1998.It has its advantages and weaknesses compared to other more traditional methods, the time has allowed us to combine different methods, such as the realization of rapid orthorectification of high resolution topographic reference using total station, with optional vertical lift and CAD software.
A percepção de jovens aprendizes de segunda língua em relação à prática de revisão por pares em produção escrita
Authors: Pupp Spinassé Karen , Blos Bolzan Daniele
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n1p95

Este artigo apresenta dados de uma pesquisa que propôs a prática de revisão por pares de produção escrita em inglês a um 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola com currículo bilíngue no sul do Brasil. A pesquisa investiga a atividade colaborativa em que os alunos se engajam quando revisam as produções de seus pares e o efeito que essas revisões tiveram na reescrita dos textos. O recorte apresentado neste artigo analisa as expectativas dos aprendizes antes, bem como sua avaliação depois da prática de revisão por pares.Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários e entrevistas, e o método utilizado foi o misto(análise qualitativa e quantitativa). Os resultados mostram a abertura dos participantes a essa prática pedagógica e ao trabalho colaborativo, e demonstram o seu otimismo em relação à possibilidade de melhoria dos seus textos após a revisão do colega. Os dados também trazem contribuições em relação ao papel do professor e ao uso da segunda língua na revisão por pares.
Can Scientific Reasoning Scores Predict the Likelihood of SBAE Students' Intent to Pursue a STEM Career, a Career in Agriculture, or Plan to Attend College
Authors: DiBenedetto Catherine A. , Easterly III R.G. , Myers Brian E.
Published: January 2016

Demands placed on teachers and students continue to increase in order to develop the skills required of the 21st century workforce. There continues to be a need to utilize curriculum and instruction to inspire students to engage in STEM majors and careers. Improving instructional methods and providing opportunities for students to question and problem solve, through the use of inquiry-based instruction (IBI) can increase scientific reasoning abilities. This instructional approach may assist in improving, not only the academic achievement of students, but it may encourage students to plan to attend college and develop potential career aspirations for agriculture and STEM. This research used the scientific reasoning scores from 663 students enrolled nationwide in school-based agricultural education programs (SBAE) to predict students’ likelihood to indicate plans to pursue a career in agriculture, STEM or plan to attend college. The findings reveal scientific reasoning scores predict students’ likelihood to indicate intention to pursue a STEM career and plan to pursue college. Implications from this research suggest SBAE instructors should continue their efforts to incorporate IBI into instruction in order to engage students to think critically and solve real world problems, while exposing students to the skills requisite for STEM major/career access.
Exploring the Effects of Active Learning on High School Students' Outcomes and Teachers' Perceptions of Biotechnology and Genetics Instruction
Authors: Mueller Ashley L. , Knobloch Neil A. , OrKthryn S.
Published: January 2016

Active learning can engage high school students to learn science, yet there is limited understanding if active learning can help students learn challenging science concepts such as genetics and biotechnology. This quasi-experimental study explored the effects of active learning compared to passive learning regarding high school students’ knowledge, motivation and perceptions of learning experiences using The Apple Genomics Project, a National Science Foundation-funded web-based curriculum. Students enrolled in both active learning classrooms and passive learning classrooms utilizing The Apple Genomics Project demonstrated an increase in knowledge of biotechnology and genetics, but did not show change of interest in learning science upon completion of the unit. However, student participants in active learning classrooms had more positive perceptions of learning experiences compared to those students enrolled in the passive learning classrooms. Regardless of the approach used, teachers shared similar perceptions regarding The Apple Genomics Project curriculum, specifically, the biotechnology and genomics unit, including the lesson content, lesson activities, use of technology, and overall impressions of the unit.
Professional Development Needs of Beginning Agricultural Education Teachers in Idaho
Authors: Touchstone Allison J. L.
Published: January 2016

The continuing shortage of agricultural education instructors has been documented across the state and nation. Secondary instructor retention may help reduce the shortage and position changes each year. Identifying the challenges facing beginning teachers as perceived by beginning teachers, veteran teachers, and building administrators can help identify the professional development and mentoring needs to assist in teacher retention. Establishing consensus among the target groups through this Delphi study will allow Idaho Team Ag Ed to be specific and purposeful in long term professional development planning. Through this study, 21 professional development areas were agreed upon in three areas: Teacher Skills and Knowledge (8); Personal Skills and Professional Development (6); and Program Area Concerns (7). Volume of work was the area of highest concern (n = 92, 90.11%) followed by classroom management skills and teaching experience (n = 81, 89.01%) and 79 of the 91 respondents (86.81%) agreed that finding alternative funding sources was an area of concern followed closely by overall program funding (n = 79 of 90 responses, 87.78%). The consensus supported previous research across the country and will provide a guide for targeted professional development, mentorship, and long-term retention for beginning teachers (0-5 years’ experience) in Idaho.
Reguetón típico de Marruecos: formas de afirmación política de las niñas a través del baile
Authors: Jiménez Sedano Livia
Published: January 2016

A través de un relato etnográfico, el texto analiza cómo el baile social puede convertirse en un discurso de afirmación cultural de un grupo subordinado. Se describe cómo, frente a un complejo de miradas que construían a un grupo de niñas como marroquíes, musulmanas, poco atractivas, o como objetos de educación e intervención, ellas respondieron afirmando su propia cultura con un discurso corporal inesperado. La forma en que las miradas construyen cuerpos se explora a través de metáforas: una mano que toca, un cincel que esculpe, un látigo que fustiga, y una telaraña que controla y atrapa los cuerpos. Debido a esta dimensión política del baile, los talleres también pueden ser una herramienta de opresión y silenciamiento; para evitarlo, se concluye con una serie de recomendaciones para implementar el baile en los procesos de intervención social.
Mapeo estratégico de la inteligencia económica en el sector público de El Salvador
Authors: Cerritos Ascencio Mónica María
Published: January 2016

Este estudio tiene como propósito centrarse en la aplicación y el desarrollo de la inteligencia económica como herramienta para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la esfera gubernamental. Asimismo, se espera que la identificación de actores clave en materia de inteligencia económica permita generar espacios de complementariedad y coordinación interinstitucional para la consecución de objetivos comunes. El documento contiene una breve exposición de la inteligencia económica en la actualidad, una aproximación teórica para su aplicación – ¿cómo debiese implementarse la inteligencia económica desde las instituciones públicas salvadoreñas? –, cómo se aplica la inteligencia económica en la esfera pública, un análisis crítico sobre su aplicación en El Salvador –esto implica contrastar el “deber ser” con la puesta en práctica misma.
Ley de la Defensa Nacional, Ley del Organismo de Inteligencia del Estado
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 453-465
Informe proyectivo sobre las pandillas en El Salvador y las perspectivas de su expansión territorial
Authors: Luna Antonio
Published: January 2016

Informe que analiza las estructuras de funcionamiento de las pandillas y su naturaleza delictiva y organizacional, desde donde hace proyecciones acerca posibles conflictos internos y vetas de desarrollo delictivo para el futuro próximo, así como las consecuencias sociales que ello podría generar.
Libros: La Santa Biblia Nueva Versión Internacional Libro: Números Capítulos: 13 y 14. “Los israelitas exploran Canaán” Páginas: 204- 207
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 524-530
 
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Online Text-to-Speech Tools in Improving EFL Teacher Trainees’ Pronunciation
Authors: Eksi Gonca Yangin , Yesilcinar Sabahattin
Published: January 2016

Given the limited time for instruction in the classroom, pronunciation often ends up as the most neglected aspect of language teaching. However, in cases when the learner’s pronunciation is expected to be good or native-like, as is expected of language teacher trainees, out-of-class self-study options become prominent. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of online text-to-speech tools used by EFL teacher trainees when preparing for an oral achievement test. The study was conducted with 43 junior year teacher trainees at a large state university in Turkey. A pre- and post-test experimental design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire to explore the trainees’ opinions related to pronunciation and their practices to improve this, a post reflection questionnaire for the effectiveness of the procedure, and a speaking rubric to evaluate the oral presentations of the trainees. The results indicate that the trainees perceived a native-like accent as a measure of being a good language teacher. It was also revealed that text-to-speech websites are effective self-study tools in improving trainees’ pronunciation.
Thinking Process of Pseudo Construction in Mathematics Concepts
Authors: Subanji Subanji , Nusantara Toto
Published: January 2016

This article aims at studying pseudo construction of student thinking in mathematical concepts, integer number operation, algebraic forms, area concepts, and triangle concepts. 391 junior high school students from four districts of East Java Province Indonesia were taken as the subjects. Data were collected by means of distributing the main instrument and tracer instrument to the subjects respectively. Both instruments were deployed for the purpose of digging up the construction process. The construction was clustered on the basis of the pseudo contruction cases and followed with in-depth interviews to three subjects of each case. The findings show that pseudo construction was identified in four cases. The first case was associated with integer operations, operations of algebraic form, the concept of area, and the concept of triangle. They used analogy of “in debt” to construct concepts of negative number operation. In the second case, they used objects (book, pencil, and thing) to describe variables in the algebraic form operation. For the third case, students deciphered unit area (m2) as multiplication m x m. In the fourth case, students did not pay attention to the requirements of the triangle. Although they gave a right answer to their work, their construction concept was completely false.
The Benefits of Adopting a Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Learning Developments in Secondary Geography Lessons
Authors: Caesar Mohd Iqbal Mohd , Jawawi Rosmawijah , Matzin Rohani , Shahrill Masitah , Jaidin Jainatul Halida , Mundia Lawrence
Published: January 2016

Problem-based learning (PBL) provides an appealing framework for teaching and learning not only within the subject of geography but also across other disciplines. It promotes a healthy environment for active learning with its diverse sets of activities, helping students carry out investigative inquiry in the learning processes. This study examines the potential benefits of adopting a PBL approach in teaching and learning in secondary geography classrooms. It takes into account the inputs needed from both teacher and students in determining the success of the approach implementation. The study shows how, through careful planning and preparation, PBL activities can effectively enhance students’ engagements and improve their grasp of geographical content knowledge. However, the teacher’s shortcomings in performing the role of facilitator did highlight a limitation for the research, which hindered the success of the implementation. Future research should continue to actively examine experiences from teachers in PBL applications, discussing the circumstances to identify the conditions necessary for successful implementation of PBL within a variety of contexts.
Modeling Factors Affecting Student’s Usage Behaviour of E-Learning Systems in Lebanon
Authors: Masa'deh Ra'ed (Moh'd Taisir) , Tarhini Ali , Bany Mohammed Ashraf , Maqableh Mahmoud
Published: January 2016

This study seeks to explore the factors that influence students’ usage behaviour of e-learning systems. Based on the strong theoretical foundation of the TAM, UTAM and using structural equation modeling (SEM) via AMOS 20.0, this research paper examines the impact of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, social influence, and trust on student’s behavioural intention, which is later examined along with facilitating conditions on student’s usage behaviour of e-learning systems. Data was collected from students at two universities in Beirut (capital of Lebanon) using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey between January and March 2015. The results revealed direct positive effect of performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, and trust on student’s behavioural intention to use e-learning explaining around 71% of overall behavioural intention. Meanwhile, behavioural intention and facilitating conditions accounted for 40% with strong positive effects on student’s usage behviour of e-learning systems. However, both effort expectancy and social influence did not impact student’s behavioural intention.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environment Policy in Jordan
Authors: Shamaileh Adel Yacob
Published: January 2016

This study examines the impact of environmental policy in Jordan. The article evaluates the implementation process and reviews the policy measures, instruments and their effectiveness in banning, removing and/or reducing negative externalities in Jordan. Data was provided through analysis of responses to questionnaires distributed to all key enforcement officials working in the Ministries of Environment, Agriculture and Health. Additional sources were laws, regulations, official documents and reports issued by the government.
The study shows that Jordan’s environmental policy relies solely on the command and control approach to mitigate negative externalities, while completely overlooking price-based and rights-based instruments. Such instruments are widely and increasingly employed in developed countries and have proved their efficiency and effectiveness in protecting the environment. The results of the study reveal that command and control measures are insufficient to achieve effective environmental policy. Consequently, they are incapable of internalizing negative externalities in Jordan. The three ministries were ineffective in both monitoring and enforcement, which are essential for the success of environment policy. Results may motivate government regulators to endorse price-based and rights-based measures, in addition to command and control measures.
Cycling for Sustainable Transportation in Urban Ghana: Exploring Attitudes and Perceptions among Adults with Different Cycling Experience
Authors: Acheampong Ransford A.
Published: January 2016

Attitudinal and perceptual factors are important determinants of bicycle use as a mode of transportation. Understanding how attitudes and perceptions vary across different population is critical for successful cycling promotion interventions. Drawing on research from the context of an African city, this paper examines attitudes and perceptions about utility cycling in the general population, and determines if there are differences in how males and females who have different cycling experience perceive cycling for commuting purposes. Using non-parametric test, the study found that attitudes and perceptions regarding the environmental, financial, exercise and potential health benefits of cycling for transportation were very positive generally, and slightly stronger in females who had never cycled before than in males in the same group. Cycling was also not perceived as the most comfortable, safe, easy, convenient and flexible mode of transportation suitable for long distance travel among the majority of the respondents. These perceptions and attitudes were pronounced in females in the sub-group of respondents who had never cycled before and those who cycled previously than in males in the same groups. Among frequent cyclists, males perceived cycling for commute as a less tiring activity than females. Moreover, cycling’s public image as a less prestigious mode of transport that could not be taken to important social events was prevalent among the respondents, although this perception was found to be stronger in males than in females who had not cycled before. The findings could inform tailored cycling promotion programmes within the general population and across specific groups.
Urban Form and Microclimatic Conditions in Urban Open Spaces at the Densely Built Centre of a Greek City
Authors: Makropoulou Maria , Gospodini Aspa
Published: January 2016

The paper presents an experimental investigation of the microclimatic conditions in selected open spaces in the city centre of Volos, a medium-sized coastal city in Greece. It presents the results of systematic field measurements that took place in three urban sites; a public open space and two typical urban blocks. The measurements were carried out during the summer of 2013 and concerned air temperature and relative humidity recordings. Data collection was used to assess the formation and the eventual differentiation of microclimate on a restricted local scale in the urban environment, such as that of a typical urban block or/and a typical public square in the centre of Greek cities. Additionally, research has taken into account buildings construction materials, the predominant paving materials and the key parameters determined by urban geometry in the selected sites, i.e the Aspect Ratio (H/W) and the Sky View Factor (SVF). The measurements revealed microclimatic differences within the inside open space of two of the urban blocks, i.e the courtyard generated of the different building ownerships, the various street canyons and the recordings of the local meteorological station.
Health Interventions and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Impact of the Millennium Development Goal
Authors: Ogundipe Oluwatomisin M. , Olurinola Oluranti I. , Ogundipe Adeyemi A.
Published: January 2016

The study investigates the role of health interventions on child health in developing Africa for the period 1990-2013 using a dynamic panel approach. Among others, the study examines the effect of millennium development intervention programme on child health outcomes. Our analysis reveals MDG intervention as extremely pertinent in reducing the incidence of child mortality in Africa. It implies that introduction of MDGs culminates into increasing the rate of child survival in Africa. Similarly, maternal literacy, maternal health and other child protective measures adopted were found to be statistically significant in improving child health outcomes. The proportion of under-five mortality (proxy for child health) responds more strongly and negatively to immunization coverage, exclusive breastfeeding and DPT vaccines. On the other hand, the quality of institution contributively impact under-five mortality in Africa. Finally, there is need to strengthen institutional arrangement, ensure compulsory basic education for women and strengthen the health system to achieve full packages of intervention, curtain the rising incidence of child deaths and attain the MDGs.
Conventional Water Filter (Sand and Gravel) for Ablution Water Treatment, Reuse Potential, and Its Water Savings
Authors: Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira , Adnan Mohamad Nazmi , Mohamed Mohd Arief , Mohd Kassim Amir Hashim
Published: January 2016

Ablution process consumes a huge amount of water especially in mosques for cleaning certain part of the body before performing prayers. The high volume of ablution water produced in mosques and its low strength in quality makes it a feasible option to be reused. This paper introduced an assessment of conventional filtration (sand and gravel) in treating ablution water for reuse purposes and its water savings potential in mosques. The treatment system has assessed its capability for reuse and its water savings potential. A pilot scale of filtration system was developed and was run with the ablution water from the Parit Raja mosque and the Pintas Puding mosque. The samples were taken during Friday noon prayer between January to March 2013. The efficiency of the conventional filtration system was tested for the effluent quality of NH3, TSS, COD, and BOD. The case study of water savings estimation for the proposed system was undertaken at Pintas Puding mosque. It was determined based on the quantity of ablution water, water consumption, water demand, and water bills record. The results deduced that the conventional sand filtration can improve the water quality parameters; 0.60-0.05mg/L reduction of nitrogen ammonia (NH3), 6.0-1.53mg/L of suspended solids (TSS), 3.12-0.15mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 27.67-4.16mg/L of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The treatment system was projected to save water consumption by 41.73% and RM180.16 of water saving per month. Water consumption was estimated to be further reduced to 50.83% if reused activities such as irrigation and toilet flushing were applied. Hence, annual water savings could reach up to RM2161.92 per year. With the current instability of water resources, the implementation of the conventional filtration system for ablution water in the mosques provides water security and water resources conservation option for the country.
Green Market Segmentation: A Case of Airline Customers in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Fang-Yuan , Tu Shih-Liang , Wang Hsin-Erh
Published: January 2016

Green marketing has evolved in line with an increase in consumers' concern with the environment. This study explores whether an environmentally-oriented market niche exists within the airline transport market in Taiwan. Based on a survey of 416 airline customers, this study uses factor analysis and cluster analysis to segment customers based on their environmental behaviors. Three distinct clusters were identified (i.e., the environmentally indifferent, the enlightened environmentalists, and the active environmentalists) and further profiled with respect to the socio-demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal characteristics. The results suggest that the segment of green consumers is large enough to warrant airline marketers' attention and the enlightened and the active  environmentalists appear to represent the most promising target markets. The practical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
A Review Paper on Vision Based Identification, Detection and Tracking of Weld Seams Path in Welding Robot Environment
Authors: Mohd Shah Hairol Nizam , Sulaiman Marizan , Shukor Ahmad Zaki , Herman Jamaluddin Muhammad , Zamzuri Ab Rashid Mohd
Published: January 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Welding is an important technology especially for joining between two metals, fabricated and repairing metals products in manufacturing industries such as in automotive industries. To increase the productivity and lower cost, today the welding operation in industries introduces the welding robot. The main challenges to using welding robot is time taken to program robot path for a new job in low to medium volume manufacturing industries. This paper begins with the review of identified, detected and tracked the weld seams path with different type of welding in welding environment. Next, a review of analysis an identified and detect the weld seams path approaches is included with advantages, drawback and limitation. This paper is concluded by a comprehensive summary which discussed the disadvantages and limitation of a robust approach in each stage. The improvement of a new approach in each stage depends on the lack, limitation and the results which are expected from the work.
Axial Crushing Behavior of Aluminum Square Tube with Origami Pattern
Authors: Christy Albert Prescilla , Radzi Ab Ghani Amir , Zaid Othman Mohd , Ahmad Zaidi Ahmad Mujahid
Published: January 2016

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The study of axial crushing behavior is important in designing crashworthy structures especially in automotive applications. The axial crushing of thin-walled tube has better energy absorption capability. Thus, introducing milled geometrical shapes on thin-walled tube may improve the energy absorption performance. The improvement of the crush response is determined through the reduction of the Initial Peak Force (IPF) and the increase of the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). This was done by employing origami pattern milled on the surface of thin-walled square tube which was investigated experimentally and numerically. The material used for the tube was aluminum alloy 6063-T5. The simulation results were validated by experiments which were conducted using Instron 3382 Universal Testing Machine and Instron Dynatup 8250 Drop Hammer Machine. The numerical simulation then progressed by varying parameters such as dimensions and configurations of the origami pattern on the square tube. ABAQUS finite element (FE) software was used to conduct the numerical simulation. The result of employing the origami square pattern on square tube is expected to improve the crush response by lowering the IPF and increasing the SEA. The obtained results were then compared with the conventional square tube where the origami pattern on square tube enhanced the crush performance.
Membrane Autopsies Assess Long‐Term Performance
Authors: Liu Charles , Campbell Jesse , Moy James
Published: January 2016

In use since the 1990s, low‐pressure membrane systems have been around long enough to evaluate membrane performance over time. Research indicates ways to optimize the performance and extend the life of membrane systems.
Sampled Direct Potable Reuse Water Shows Promising Results
Authors: Steinle‐Darling Eva , Sutherland Justin , Salveson Andrew
Published: January 2016

The Raw Water Production Facility in Big Spring, Texas, doesn't discharge its treated wastewater effluent into a natural water body before being reused as a supply source, making it the only operating direct potable reuse facility in the United States. Early testing and analysis of the system show promising results.
On-farm evaluation of the Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0): theoretical and practical considerations
Authors: Folkedal O , Pettersen JM , Bracke MBM , Stien LH , Nilsson J , Martins C , Breck O , Midtlyng PJ , Kristiansen T
Published: January 2016

The present study investigated the operational feasibility of the recently developed Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0) designed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in production cages. Ten salmon farms containing spring smolts were visited twice, first between May and June the first year in sea cages, and secondly 2-3 months later. On each farm the SWIM 1.0 assessments were carried out for the two cages assumed by the farmer to represent the best and worst welfare status. The applied welfare indicators (WIs) were water temperature, salinity, stocking density, lighting, disturbance, daily mortality rate, appetite, sea lice infestation ratio, condition factor, emaciation state, vertebral deformation, maturation stage, smoltification state, fin condition and skin condition. The effective time to carry out the welfare evaluation was about 1.5 h per farm. The results showed some marked differences between visits; relatively larger proportions of emaciated fish were sampled during the first compared to the second visit, and more homogeneous scores of skin and fin damage were found on the second visit. The overall welfare index scores were generally in accordance with the farmers’ ranking of the ‘best’ and the ‘worst’ sea cage during the first visit. Together, the findings of this study suggest that the SWIM model may be employed for documentation of animal welfare over the salmon marine production cycle. The results call attention towards re-assessment of some of the welfare indicators, improved sampling methods, and a more user-friendly interface. All-in-all, the current SWIM model is regarded as a promising candidate tool towards welfare assessment of farmed salmon.
« Du feu sous les cendres » : aux sources de la Radical Jewish Culture
Authors: Unger David
Published: January 2016

New York, fin des années 1980. Dans le Lower East Side, une poignée de musiciens venus du jazz et de l’improvisation travaillent à redonner vie à la musique de leurs aïeux, le klezmer, dont il ne reste que peu d’échos depuis la destruction des Juifs d’Europe. Sous l’égide de John Zorn, ils créent une communauté rugissante, donnant naissance à une scène : la Radical Jewish Culture. Aujourd’hui, cette musique revivifiée, mêlée à toutes les influences de la diaspora juive et du cosmopolitisme new-yorkais, connaît un succès incontestable, aux États-Unis comme en Europe ou au Japon. Comment ces musiciens ont-ils mené ce travail contre l’oubli, afin de faire renaître de leurs cendres des mélodies issues du fin fond des shtetls, et de les rendre plus contemporaines que jamais ? Cet article se penche sur la genèse de ce mouvement musical dont l’histoire continue de s’écrire.
Actors' Conversations at the Rose Theatres
Authors: Whately Frank
Published: January 2016

Kingston's Rose Theatre was opened in 2008, inspired by the archaeology of Philip Henslowe's 1587 Rose. Peter Hall described the new space as ‘intimate yet epic … a modern theatre which has all the strengths of the past’. This article reflects on the relationship between players and playgoers in the two theatres, considering particular practitioners' discoveries and the audience experience in various modern theatre spaces which have been influenced by the architecture of the Elizabethan public playhouses. In reassessing the character of the theatre dialogue between actor and audience, the article challenges previously held notions about our Elizabethan counterpart.
‘The Two Doors’ Traffic of Our Stage': Developing and Testing ‘Spatial’ Readings
Authors: Fitzpatrick Tim
Published: January 2016

This article argues that the seemingly useful methodological and hermeneutic circle that would employ ‘historical’ productions to illuminate and validate textual readings of Elizabethan plays is fraught with complicating factors – factors that can limit and vitiate its effectiveness as an exploratory tool. Imperfect understandings of the spatial implications of the texts allied to outdated hypothetical reconstructions of the original playing spaces can compound each other. The article suggests that instead of fully fledged productions, an exploratory ‘workshop’ approach provides a more effective methodological approach to an understanding of the dynamics between original performance conditions and the texts written for them.
Generic Spaces in Middleton's The Triumphs of Truth (1613) and Michaelmas Term (1607)
Authors: Anderson Susan
Published: January 2016

This article compares Middleton's The Triumphs of Truth (1613) and Michaelmas Term (printed 1607), in order to examine the representation of places of display in different kinds of space, and to determine some of the ways in which genres of performance and writing influence the way that space is defined. In particular, it examines the status of the shop as a type of space. It offers the concept of situation as a way of accounting for the interrelationships between text, time, place and space, and the structuring of habit and perception within those contexts.
‘Where am I Now?’: The Articulation of Space in Shakespeare's King Lear and Marlowe's Dido, Queen of Carthage
Authors: Duxfield Andrew
Published: January 2016

This article considers the instability of the bare Elizabethan stage in relation to two significant early modern plays. Considering first King Lear as an example of the mimetic flexibility of the bare stage space, the article goes on to demonstrate that in the staging of Dido, Queen of Carthage Troy becomes a malleable, mobile entity, much as it did in historico-political discourses which appropriated it as a legitimising ancestor for aspirant colonial powers. The capacity of the early modern stage to absorb multiple spatial identities provides uniquely apt conditions for a play that is fascinated with the transplantation of physical space.
‘Marrow Prying Neighbours’: Staging Domestic Space and Neighbourhood Surveillance in Arden of Faversham
Authors: Whipday Emma
Published: January 2016

Arden of Faversham (1592) offered its audience unprecedented access to the staged private spaces of an early modern home. This article explores how the playtext figures the audience as ‘marrow prying neighbours’ invited to bear witness to domestic transgressions. It suggests that the staging of domestic space in an outdoor theatre creates in Arden a spatial representation of the ways in which greed, sexual transgression and criminal acts make the home permeable, threatening its occupants' self-sufficiency, undoing the authority of the householder, and finally rendering the private public, and the secrets of the home subject to the wider community.
Breve olhar sobre o estado da saúde em Portugal
Authors: Cortes Maria
Published: January 2016

O estado de saúde da população reflete, não só a capacidade de resposta e qualidade do setor da saúde, mas também o progresso que se verifica na sociedade em termos económicos e sociais. Tendo uma natureza cumulativa e intersetorial, a saúde resulta de um conjunto de determinantes sociais (por exemplo, educação, rendimento, etc.) e não apenas do investimento na prestação de cuidados de saúde. Neste artigo analisa-se brevemente o percurso do planeamento estratégico em Portugal, assim como alguns indicadores do estado de saúde da população, procurando identificar e compreender mudanças que tenham ocorrido nos últimos anos.
Mutation in ATG5 reduces autophagy and leads to ataxia with developmental delay
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Sandford Erin , Gatica Damian , Qiu Yu , Liu Xu , Zheng Yumei , Schulman Brenda A , Xu Jishu , Semple Ian , Ro Seung-Hyun , Kim Boyoung , Mavioglu R Nehir , Tolun Aslıhan , Jipa Andras , Takats Szabolcs , Karpati Manuela , Li Jun Z , Yapici Zuhal , Juhasz Gabor , Lee Jun Hee , Klionsky Daniel J , Burmeister Margit
Published: January 2016

Autophagy is required for the homeostasis of cellular material and is proposed to be involved in many aspects of health. Defects in the autophagy pathway have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders; however, no genetically-inherited pathogenic mutations in any of the core autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been reported in human patients to date. We identified a homozygous missense mutation, changing a conserved amino acid, in ATG5 in two siblings with congenital ataxia, mental retardation, and developmental delay. The subjects' cells display a decrease in autophagy flux and defects in conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. The homologous mutation in yeast demonstrates a 30-50% reduction of induced autophagy. Flies in which Atg5 is substituted with the mutant human ATG5 exhibit severe movement disorder, in contrast to flies expressing the wild-type human protein. Our results demonstrate the critical role of autophagy in preventing neurological diseases and maintaining neuronal health.
Efficiency roll-off suppression in organic light-emitting diodes at high current densities using gold bowtie nanoantennas
Authors: Zhao Yukun , Yun Feng , Wu Zhaoxin , Li Yufeng , Jiao Bo , Huang Yaping , Li Sanfeng , Feng Lungang , Guo Maofeng , Ding Wen , Zhang Ye , Dou Juan
Published: January 2016

In this study, large-scale gold (Au) bowtie nanoantennas have been utilized to suppress the efficiency roll-off in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) numerically and experimentally. Compared with the OLED without nanoantennas, the experimental roll-off ratio of the OLED with Au bowtie nanoantennas significantly decreases from 59.4 to 51.3% at a high current density of 1000 mA/cm2. We attribute the roll-off suppression to the localized surface plasmon (LSP) effect, which leads to a shorter radiative lifetime. The insufficient coupling between radiated light and LSP resonance could also be improved by a strong resonance coupling between the tips of bowtie nanoantennas.
Stress measurement at the interface between a Si substrate and diamond-like carbon/Cr/W films by the electronic backscatter diffraction method
Authors: Zhou Liqi , Xu Guofu , Li Xu , Wang Xinwei , Ren Lingling , Wang Aiying , Tao Xingfu
Published: January 2016

Stress distribution characteristics at the interface between diamond-like carbon (DLC)/Cr/W films and a Si substrate were studied by an electronic backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system and transmission electron microscopy. Positive and negative stresses were distributed within the largest width of the Si/DLC interface, whereas the stress bands of homogeneous stress layers were observed at the interface between the Si substrate and the Cr layer. The stress bands of the Si/W interface were found to have the smallest width. The distinct characteristics of stress distribution at these interfaces are produced by the difference in the mass, energy, and diameter of the deposition ions/atoms as well as the different mechanisms of film growth.
It's a Relationship: A Qualitative Exploration of the Challenges to Interorganizational Collaborative Relationships
Authors: Braganza Morgan E.
Published: January 2016

Interorganizational collaboration is increasingly used to address social issues, but it can fail when the underlying relationships become damaged. This study explores the qualities, characteristics, and processes that can fracture collaborative relationships and the consequences of failing to correct these fractures. Using a qualitative design, interview data were collected from 19 executive directors of Canadian human service organizations. The findings highlight several challenges to collaboration and show the importance of exploring negative outcomes of inaction. An additional aim of this study is to provide strategies for building and nurturing collaborative relationships.
The Lewis Lead for Detection of Ventriculoatrial Conduction Type
Authors: Huemer Martin , Meloh Henning , Attanasio Philipp , Wutzler Alexander , Parwani Abdul S. , Matsuda Hisao , Blaschke Florian , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Haverkamp Wilhelm
Published: January 2016

Background

Identification of a possible ventriculoatrial (VA) dissociation in wide QRS complex tachycardias is one of the most reliable criteria for differentiation of tachycardia origin. The Lewis lead has been proposed for detection of atrial activity during ventricular tachycardias.

Hypothesis

A modified Lewis‐lead‐ECG will be superior to the standard‐lead ECG for detection of ventriculoatrial conduction during ventricular tachycardia.

Methods

Forty‐seven patients underwent electrophysiological study, stimulated with a fixed cycle length of 400 ms in the ventricle. During stimulation, a standard‐lead ECG and a modified Lewis‐lead ECG were recorded. Simultaneously, VA conduction was documented by intracardiac electrograms. Surface ECGs were presented to 6 blinded examiners for VA conduction assessment.

Results

Type of VA conduction was correctly diagnosed in significantly more ECGs in the Lewis‐lead ECG group (mean, 35.0 [75%]) than in the standard‐lead ECG group (mean, 29.2 [62%]; P = 0.045). Ventriculoatrial dissociation also was significantly more often correctly diagnosed in the Lewis‐lead ECG group (mean, 17.7 [71%]) than in the standard‐lead ECG group (mean, 12.7 [49%]; P = 0.014). Interobserver agreement was moderate in both groups (κ = 0.45 and κ = 0.49, respectively).

Conclusions

Compared with standard‐lead ECG, modified Lewis‐lead ECG is associated with significantly improved detection of VA conduction type during fast ventricular pacing and thus may help improve ECG diagnosis.
Gynäkologische Malignome bei Patientinnen mit rheumatisch‑entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen
Authors: Schmalzing M. , Krockenberger M. , Honig A. , Tony H.‑P.
Published: January 2016

Das Risiko für gynäkologische Tumoren bei rheumatisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen scheint nur in Bezug auf das Zervixkarzinom v. a. bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes erhöht zu sein. Studien weisen auf die Bedeutung des Immunsystems für die Tumorkontrolle bei gynäkologischen Tumoren hin. Bislang konnte aber nur für das Zervixkarzinom ein ungünstiger Einfluss einer medikamentösen Immunsuppression bei rheumatologischen Patientinnen gezeigt werden. Biologika wirken sich bei dieser Entität dagegen nicht eindeutig tumorfördernd aus. Die Datenlage bei dieser Fragestellung ist allerdings begrenzt. Generelle Screeningempfehlungen existieren für das Mammakarzinom und das Zervixkarzinom. Empfehlungen zur Tumornachsorge werden dargestellt. Aufgrund der unzureichenden Datenlage empfiehlt sich zumindest in den ersten 5 Jahren nach kurativer onkologischer Therapie eine sehr strenge Indikationsstellung zum Einsatz von Immunsuppressiva und Biologika auch bei gynäkologischen Tumoren. Im Falle des Mammakarzinoms wird sogar die Beachtung eines längeren Intervalls diskutiert.
Multiple Voices and the Force of Custom on Punishment: Trial of ‘Family Honor Killings’ in Mandate Palestine
Authors: Hasisi Badi , Bernstein Deborah
Published: January 2016

Colonial regimes tended to change existing legislation and judicial structures, and to introduce new legal systems. When the previous legal system was partly upheld, and especially when a number of legal systems were already in effect, a complex and plural system would emerge, often with contradictory principles and normative assumptions. As a result, the colonial government faced inevitable dilemmas regarding the priorities it should grant to the different legal systems, and the means it should use to mediate conflicts among the different perspectives. Much has been written over the last few decades concerning the interrelation of colonial expansion and the transformation of law. The colonial government emphasized the necessity of changing existing legal systems, often portrayed as backward and unsuitable for the functioning of an empire and the global relations embedded in it. New colonial legislation was intended to achieve greater efficiency and the unification of colonial rule and to advance the “civilizing mission” by negating elements of existing traditions and introducing what the colonial rulers considered to be higher levels of morality. However, such changes ran the risk of being perceived as excessive intervention in the subordinated societies, and, therefore, might undermine the legitimacy of the colonial government.
Synergism of gold and silver invites enhanced fluorescence for practical applications
Authors: Ganguly Mainak , Jana Jayasmita , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: January 2016

Synergism of gold and silver improves fluorescence behavior of gold–silver bimetallic clusters with practical applications.
Ordered mesoporous silica/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membranes for effective removal of water contaminants
Authors: Fan Jianwei , Li Dandan , Teng Wei , Yang Jianping , Liu Yong , Liu Liangliang , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz , Deng Yonghui , Li Guangming , Zhang Wei-xian , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: January 2016

Ordered mesoporous silica/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes were fabricated via a versatile and industrially compatible one-step immersion co-precipitation method. They exhibit effective decontamination performance for water containing methylene blue and Cu(ii) ions, respectively.