bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the potential distribution of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena in Iran
Authors: Dadashi-Jourdehi Amirhossein , Esfandabad Bahman Shams , Ahmadi Abbas , Rezaei Hamid Reza , Toranj-Zar Hamid
Published: July 2019

Predictive potential distribution modelling is crucial in outlining habitat usage and establishing conservation management priorities. Species distribution models estimate the relationship between species occurrences and environmental and spatial characteristics. Herein, we used maximum entropy distribution modelling (MaxEnt) for predicting the potential distribution of the striped hyena Hyaena hyaena in the entire country of Iran, using a number of occurrence records (i.e. 118) and environmental variables derived from remote sensing. The MaxEnt model had a high success rate according to test AUC scores (0.97). Our results are congruent with previous studies, suggesting that mountainous regions in northern and western Iran and the plain regions in central and eastern Iran are suitable habitats for H. hyaena.
STATE OF
ENDOGENOUS MECHANISMS FOR BODY'S DEFENSE AT WORK IN CONDITIONS
OF MICROBIAL AIR CONTAMINATION OF WORKING AREA
Authors: Masyagutova L.M. , Timasheva G.V. , Gizatullina L.G. , Sadrtdinova G.R. , Fagamova A.Z.
Published: July 2019

We analyzed the data of the detailed examination of employees of a number of livestock complex in the hospital.
It is established that disorders of nonspecific adaptive mechanisms develop at influence of the production
factors, testifying to the exhaustion of body's defenses, which is manifested in the imbalance of hematological,
biochemical, immunological parameters. The obtained changes are most pronounced in employees with a
maximum microbial load of the working area air.
THE ROLE OF MULTILINGUALISM IN INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN AN OUTSKIRT MALAYSIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Duka Siti Norain , Abdul Aziz Azlina
Published: July 2019

Malaysia, as a multilingual country, sets a platform for language learning. Bahasa Malaysia is a language for national unity and English is the second language and other languages as the third language. A child may speak a native language at home, speak the local national language at school and also learn at least a foreign language. The fluency of our second or third language may not be as fluent as the first language. As a result, many studies have been conducted about the learners’ mother tongue and the code-switching process. However, a study for the English teachers to overcome the influence of the mother tongue in the Iban community towards their spoken English has not been located. Therefore, a qualitative case study has been conducted in order to provide the description of case-related individuals’ and give deeper understanding of the 1) multilingual learners’ perceptions toward their English spoken language, 2) exploring multilingual influences in their spoken English and 3) To examine the influence of other languages (Bahasa Malaysia and Iban language) towards English. The participants identified are Ibans from Year 3 primary students; that is located at the outskirt primary school in Kanowit in which they are learning standard Iban language, Bahasa Malaysia and English language at school. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and field notes (i.e. classroom observation). The findings were structured into themes: the frequency in communicating the three languages among the three pupils at school in a day, home language support in learning, peers’ influence in communicating the English language, learners’ effort towards learning English and the mental process in learning the language.
Adaptare și imitație în romanele "No Time Like the Present", de Nadine Gordimer și „Vremea Minunilor", de Cătălin Dorian Florescu / Adaptation and mimicry in the novels “No Time Like the Present”, by Nadine Gordimer and “Vremea minunilor”, by Florescu
Authors: Pîrvu Simina
Published: July 2019

In a series of lectures in 1994, Nadine Gordimer remarks the different status of Africa which is no longer at the edge of the empire, but on the contrary, in the center of it. In this respect, post-apartheid Africa has rebuilt its national identity on the background of global events that write universal history, offering citizens the chance to escape their country's constraints and bring important key elements in the globalization process.

Thus, replacing apartheid themes in a new country is an extreme task by the applicant. Some of the favourite subjects of the "old guard" are the following: the importance of multiculturalism in post-apartheid South Africa, the writer's status, vulgarisation of violence due to mass-media, reconciliation with a violent past and their economic and cultural implications, the fight against AIDS, sexual emancipation, globalization and loss of cultural and national identity, uprooting, migration and economic exile which replaced major pre-existing concerns about violence, racial and gender discrimination, the relationship between literature and politics, or the role of ethics in literature.

The same situation can be applied to eastern countries. Even though they were not "postcolonial" in the classical sense of the term, applicable to the former British, French, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies, the "post-communist transition" through which they passed included the disarmament of a certain political and economic "occupation".

People had to adapt to the new order, to the new reality, which was a complex process, a difficult one, that implied, many times, exile.

Therefore, the purpose of my argument is to present what consequences can occur at the psychological level because of the attempt of adaptation of the characters to the new social and political order, by imitation, postcolonial and post-communist context. And here comes the question: does imitation facilitate adaptation? Although the logical answer would be yes, we will notice, by discussing the two texts, exactly the opposite.
Marginalitatea opresivă: Spațiul-stereotip și spațiile de colecție în literatura scriitorilor moldoveni / Oppressive marginality: the place stereotype and the spaces of collection in the literature of Moldavian writers
Authors: Munteanu Maricica
Published: July 2019

This paper states out that marginality is not always the space of radical difference as a range of spatial theories underline, but also a hostile space that transforms the difference into a mechanism of exclusion. The spatial representations of Moldova, a conservative space with a particular mythology, expose a limitative oppressive space that alienates the people that fall out its canon. The borough in Mihail Sadoveanu’s work or the provincial city in Ionel Teodoreanu’s literature are examples of this hostile space which is marginality. The myths of periphery such as the glorious past, the social idyll or the organic community operate with mechanisms of power that constrain and fix according to a pre-existing image of space. Therefore, the periphery becomes the space of radical closure, excluding the difference in name of a marginal identity. I examine two realities of this radical space: the place stereotype and the spaces of collection. While the first one forces the diversity of spatial practices to fit a unitary ideal image of space, the second type accumulates the variety of spatial representations but deprives them of any functionality.
Building a lieu de memoire in Romanian Consciousness: From Sorin Ilieşiu's Documentary "Queen Marie-The Last Romantic, the First Modern Woman" to the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle
Authors: Rotaru Marina Cristiana
Published: July 2019

In 2018 Romania will celebrate the centenary of the Union of 1918, or the Great Union, when all Romanian provinces united into one state: Great Romania, a national ideal which Romanians strove for and achieved on the battlefield and which the Trianon Treaty of 1920 confirmed. For such a time as this hundredth anniversary, it is only natural to call to mind people who made this ideal come true. Queen Marie is rightly considered one of the artisans of the Great Union, being regarded at the time and afterwards as “the living consciousness of Romanian unity, the symbol of confidence in final victory” (Boia 2001: 208). This article aims to investigate the manner in which the queen’s memory is kept alive, and draws on two distinct attempts to portray the queen: Sorin Ilieşiu’s documentary Queen Marie – The Last Romantic, the First Modern Woman and the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle, Queen Marie’s official residence in Sinaia, the royal resort in the Carpathians. These two attempts illustrate how present-day Romanian society tries to regain parts of a common memory that was purposefully obliterated by the communist regime, and strives to rediscover and remap places of their shared memory. My analysis of Ilieşiu’s portrayal of the queen is circumscribed to the field of social semiotics, mainly to the concepts of “distance”, “angle” and “gaze” which Theo van Leeuwen uses in the visual representation of social actors. In my investigation of memory remapping, I draw on Pierre Nora’s concept “lieu de mémoire” and aim to prove that the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle, a place that reflects the personality of the chatelaine and where the queen symbolically reconnected with her origins, has turned into a realm where Romanians have access to a part of their memory which communism did its best to extirpate.
Hubungan asupan lemak, serat dan rasio lingkar pinggang pinggul dengan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Gondokusuman I Yogyakarta
Authors: Yuriah Aas , Astuti Ari Tri , Inayah Inayah
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi hipertensi di Kota Yogyakarta menduduki peringkat kedua. Risiko hipertensi disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti asupan lemak berlebih, asupan serat yang kurang serta mempunyai rasio lingkar pinggang pinggul (RLPP) dalam kategori lebih. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan asupan lemak, serat dan RLPP dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Gondokusuman I Yogyakarta. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Gondokusuman I Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien hipertensi berjumlah 53 pasien. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Asupan lemak dan serat diukur dengan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionaire dan melakukan pengukuran lingkar pinggang pinggul untuk mengetahui RLPP pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Fisher’s Exact. Hasil: Ada hubungan asupan lemak, serat dan RLPP dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Gondokusuman I Yogyakarta (p=0,01; p=0,03; p=0,03 secara berurutan). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan asupan lemak, asupan serat dan RLPP dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Gondokusuman I Yogyakarta.
Asupan protein dan kalsium serta aktivitas fisik pada anak usia sekolah dasar
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Thonthowi , Santoso Santoso , Anantanyu Sapja
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Salah satu karakteristik anak usia sekolah dasar adalah memiliki aktivitas fisik yang tinggi, yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan motorik dan kognitif mereka. Asupan makanan yang cukup, khususnya pemenuhan protein dan kalsium memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fisik anak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan protein dan kalsium dengan aktivitas fisik anak sekolah dasar. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 84 anak sekolah dasar usia 9–12 tahun yang duduk di kelas V dan VI di Kecamatan Praya Timur, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Data asupan protein dan kalsium diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan form recall 2x24 jam dan data aktivitas fisik diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan tingkat signifikansi 95%. Hasil: Persentase aktivitas fisik anak kategori tinggi lebih banyak dibandingkan kategori aktivitas fisik rendah (masing-masing 54% dan 46%). Asupan protein kurang secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko penurunan aktivitas fisik anak sekolah sebanyak 2,623 kali dibandingkan anak dengan asupan protein cukup (95%CI=1,003–6,862; p=0,049). Kesimpulan: Asupan protein berhubungan positif dengan aktivitas fisik anak sekolah dasar.
البلاغة الحيّة بين القيم الأسلوبية والتداولية؛ فنون البديع نموذجًا
Authors: ALJARAH Amer
Published: July 2019

تعدّدت مصطلحات البلاغة العربية في
مراحل نشأتها، فظهر البيان عند الجاحظ، والبديع عند ابن المعتزّ، كما ظهرت مصطلحات
الفصاحة والبراعة والبلاغة عند عبد القاهر، وكان للسكّاكيّ أثر كبير في فرز تلك
المصطلحات، فجعل البديع أو وجوه تحسين الكلام ذيلًا لعلمي المعاني والبيان، وكان
القزوينيّ أوّل من سمّاه علم البديع، غير أنّ السكاكيّ قد سبقه في ذكر فنونه وتقسيمها
إلى ما هو لفظيّ، وما هو معنوي. لقد كانت فنون البديع في بلاغة السكّاكيّ ذات غاية
تحسينية؛ تتمثّل في تحسين اللفظ أو المعنى دون تسليط الضوء على قيمها الجمالية
الأسلوبية أو النفعية التداولية بما يحييها ويوسّع من آفاقها.

تُعدّ فنون البديع ذات أبعاد جماليّة
ونفعية، وكان لحقل الدراسات الأسلوبية أثر بارز في الكشف عن الأبعاد الجماليّة
للبلاغة بعامّة، كما أنّ لحقل الدراسات التداولية أثر في جلاء الأبعاد النفعيّة لها،
وبتعاضد الحقلين نؤسس لبلاغة جديدة، أسميناها البلاغة الحيّة، فرأينا أن يكون
البحث في مقدّمتين: أولاهما عن الأسلوبية والتداولية وعلاقتهما بالبلاغة من وجهة
نظر الدراسات الحديثة، والأخرى من وجهة نظر خاصّة، ثم يليهما مبحثان: أولهما في
الأبعاد الجمالية الأسلوبية لفنون البديع، والآخر في الأبعاد النفعية الحجاجية
التداولية، ثمّ تأتي الخاتمة والنتائج.
Experimental investigation of the effect of compression pressure on mechanical properties in glass fiber reinforced organic material-based brake pads production
Authors: ARAS Sait , TARAKÇIOĞLU Necmettin
Published: July 2019

In this study, samples which
can be used as brake pads are prepared. A mixture of 50% barite by mass, 20%
glass fiber, 25% phenolic resin and 5% coke powder was prepared, and 6 samples
were prepared by adding juniperus drupacea nut powder (JDNP) at 10%, 25%
and 40%. The samples were produced in 3 different mixing times, 2 different
compaction times, 3 different compaction temperatures and 3 different
compression pressures. The effect of the
compression pressure on the wear rate, hardness, density and cold friction
coefficient was investigated. The wear rate ranges from 0.093.10-7 -
4.235.10-7cm3.N-1.m-1. The coefficient of cold friction ranges from 0.30 to
0.48. The density is between 1.82-2.17g/cm3.
The hardness values ​​are from 85 to 117
according to the Rockwell R scale. Wear rate and cold friction coefficient
values ​​are in accordance with TS 555 standard. It
has been determined that the compressive pressure is most affected by the
hardness and friction coefficient. Generally, rise of pressure reduces
hardness and friction coefficient. The effect of
density on JDNP ratio is opposite.
PERSAINGAN USAHA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI KONVENSIONAL DAN EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Rahardi Mohamad Tedy
Published: July 2019

This study focused on the comparative study of the principles of business competition in conventional economics and Sharia economics. It was generated by the phenomena of business competition which increasingly leads to global business competition, thereby reducing the meaning of business competition for domestic areas. In this study it is known that global competition trends lead to liberal economic systems that want markets to be free. In the study of conventional economic law, this competition leads to free competition that brings the market mechanism to the market itself with the role of the government as supervisor when there is a violation on that fair competition. Whereas in the study of sharia economic law, the discourse on the market supervisory board (hisbah) becomes an important part of the market structure and mechanism, there by embodying fair competition and the consumer community is not burdened by unfair practices. Thus, both of them have similarities in market mechanisms, but differ in looking at the role of market structure.
IZIN POLIGAMI DARI ISTRI DI PENGADILAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASHLAHAH MURSALAH
Authors: Efendi Zulfan
Published: July 2019

This article would like to see the rule of law related the need of consent from a wife for her husband who will do polygamy from the perspective of mashlaha mursalah. One of the requirements in a court session is the need for the court to obtain a consent statement from the wife and need to check and confirm the wife’s consent. In this study, it was concluded that the consent of the wife conveyed before the trial is a fundamental need (mashlahah hajiyah) to protect the absolute need (mashlahah daruriyah) in the form of happiness in the household. Based on related studies focusing on the impact, most wives did not sincerely give their consent for polygamy. Therefore, the court must invite the wife to obtain direct information on the consent of polygamy given to her husband.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI GURU TENTANG KREDIBELITAS KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PROFESIONALNYA
Authors: Sudanto Sudanto , Maskur Said
Published: July 2019

Kinerja guru sering kali dipengaruhi oleh pola kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Sedangkan kepala sekolah, dalam bersikap dan berkomunikasi, juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal pribadinya maupun faktor eksternalnya. Dalam setiap sikap dan pola komunikasi yang digunakan oleh kepala sekolah akan memunculkan persepsi dari masing-masing guru yang akan memunculkan sikap lebih lanjut. Dalam penelitian ini, studi kasus dilakukan terhadap guru-guru MA Darul Falah Batam dengan fokus pada pengaruh persepsi guru tentang kredibelitas kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan kinerjanya dengan metode kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian, para guru masih memberikan nilai bagus atas kredibelitas kepala sekolah. Sedangkan sebagian kecilnya saja yang menyatakan tidak kredibel dan tidak tahu. Kepercayaan itu terbangun karena pola komunikasi dan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang mampu berberikan dampak positif terhadap persepsi guru. Sedangkan terkait kinerja pada guru masih menunjukan profesionalitasnya yang dibuktikan dengan beberapa prestasi dari sekolah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini juga terungkap bahwa persepsi dan kinerja tidak sepenuhnya karena faktor kepemimpinan dalam manajemen, melainkan juga faktor psikologis dan komunikasi yang turut membantu membangun persepsi terebut.
KONTEKSTUALISASI MAKNA DAN HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DALAM ALQURAN
Authors: Mukarromah Mukarromah
Published: July 2019

Gender studies in Islam have always been concerned because many claims that religion,  including Islam, is often accused of not being pro-women. This article wold like to the meaning of the Quranic term about women. In this study, there are many words in the Quran that refer to women. There are at least four words, namely nisa', mar'ah, untsa and banat. The first three word refer to adult women and have their own characteristics when they are used in verses. This maturity also has consequences for further studies because it creates the characteristics and categories for women themselves. Based on the character, it is said in the Qur'an that women are pious, hardworking, patient, loyal, rebellious, traitors, teasers and so on. Equally important, Quran only distinguishes women's and men's issues in natural matters. Whereas in other matters, women only get privileges like listing their degrees.
PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DENGAN SISTEM E-LEARNING EDMODO DI STAIN SULTAN ABDURRAHMAN KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Sari Sella Kurnia
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini hendak menjawab tentang karakteristik aplikasi Edmodo dan tingkat partisipasi mahasiswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Edmodo merupakan aplikasi untuk pembelajaran dengan metode Electronic Learning (E-laerning). Aplikasi ini menjadi pilihan karena termasuk aplikasi yang menyediakan beberapa fitur memadai untuk keperluan belajar mengajar, interaksi dengan peserta didik, pengaturan waktu tugas dan lainnya. Dengan demikian, Edmodo termasuk aplikasi yang sesuai dengan kategori facilitated a-laerning, yakni berfungsi sebagai medium untuk memfasilitasi proses belajar. Dalam proses penelitian dan hasil survei terhadap responden, menyatakan bahwa mereka puas dengan pengguna e-learning Edmodo dalam proses belajar mengajar. Akan tetapi, kendala dalam penggunaan aplikasi Edmodo ini adalah jika jaringan internet mengalami gangguan maka aplikasi tidak dapat diakses hal ini dikarenakan aplikasi tersebut bergantung pada sinyal provider. Selain itu, e-laerning hanyalah sebuah sarana alternatif yang hanya sebagai alternatif pengembang pembelajaran. Semangat penerapan e-laerning bisa sejalan dengan semangat pendidikan progresif yang tidak hanya menyajikan materi dengan cara-cara konvensional.

 

ABSTRACT: This research is about to answer the characteristics of Edmodo application and the level of student participation in the teaching and learning process. Edmodo is an application for learning using the Electronic Learning (E-laerning) method. This application is an option because it includes an application that provides several adequate features for the needs of teaching and learning, interaction with students, setting time assignments and more. Thus, Edmodo is an application that fits the facilitated a-laerning category, which functions as a medium to facilitate the learning process. In the research process and the results of the survey of respondents, stated that they were satisfied with Edmodo's e-learning users in the teaching and learning process. However, the obstacle in using Edmodo application is if the internet network is interrupted, the application cannot be accessed because the application depends on the provider signal. In addition, e-laerning is only an alternative means that is only an alternative learning developer. The spirit of implementing e-laerning can be in line with the spirit of progressive education that does not only present material in conventional ways.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN DISIPLIN MENGAJAR DALAM PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN OLEH GURU SD NEGERI DI KECAMATAN TOAPAYA BINTAN
Authors: Gusnita Erlina
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pengaruh dari pelatihan terhadap pengelolaan pembelajaran oleh guru SD Negeri diKecamatan Toapaya Bintan yaitu pelatihan mampu meningkatkan pekerjaan, pengawasan yang baik, cepatnya berkembang pengelolaan kelas oleh guru dan mampu memstabilkan pegawai. Melalui pelatihan maka dapat dibentuk guru yang profesional, yakni guru yang mampu menjalankan tugas dengan baik dari pembuatan perencanaan pembelajaran, penyajian materi, penguasaan kelas, pemilihan dan penerapan metode mengajar, penggunaan media pembelajaran, dan penguasaan teknik-teknik evaluasi. Kemudian juga dibahas bagaimana pengaruhnya dari disiplin dan perilaku seorang guru dalam konteks tugas dan kewajiban, yang berkaitan dengan sikap taat menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban, pengendalian keinginan dan cara-cara bertindak, keteraturan tentang cara-cara menjalankan tugas/ pekerjaan, kepatuhan pengendalian diri sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku oleh guru dalam menjalankan setiap tugas yang menjadi tanggungjawabnya. Dari segi persepsi yang ada bahwa besar pengaruhnya kedisiplinan dan pengalaman pelatihan yang diperloleh guru SD Negeri Kecamatan Toapaya Bintan yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas guru dalam mengelola kelas. Hasil yang telah diperoleh dari pelatihan dan kedisiplinan akan mampu mengelola pembelajaran yang baik. Artikel ini juga nantinya akan mampu memberikan motivasi guru agar lebih meningkatkan dalam pelatihan dan kedisiplinan agar setiap sekolah memiliki guru yang berkompeten dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran di tingkat sekolah manapun.

 

ABSTRACT: This article discusses how the influence of training on the management of learning by public elementary school teachers in Toapaya Bintan District, namely training can improve employment, good supervision, rapid development of classroom management by teachers and able to stabilize employees. Through training, professional teachers can be formed, namely teachers who are able to carry out tasks well from making learning plans, presenting material, mastering classes, selecting and applying teaching methods, using learning media, and mastering evaluation techniques. Then also how it affects the discipline and behavior of a teacher in the context of duties and obligations, which are related to obedience to carrying out duties and obligations, controlling desires and ways of acting, regularity about ways of carrying out tasks. In terms of the perception that there is a large influence on discipline and training experience acquired by the Toapaya Bintan District Elementary School teacher who is able to improve the quality of teachers in managing the class. The results obtained from training and discipline will be able to manage good learning. Therefore, this article will also be able to motivate teachers to improve their training and discipline so that each school has teachers who are competent in the management of learning at any school level.
URGENSI PENGUASAAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM STUDI ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: SATRIO SATRIO
Published: July 2019

Makalah ini hendak mengupas peranan penting bahasa Arab dalam studi Islam. Hal ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa bahasa Arab memiliki fungsi sebagai bahasa agama, bahasa komunikasi, bahasa peradaban dan bahasa ilmu pengetahuan. Pengaruh Islam dan bahasa Arab juga begitu terasa di Nusantara, khususnya tanah Melayu dengan hadirnya aksara arab melayu. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan betapa pentingnya penguasaan bahasa Arab dalam studi Islam sebagai bagian dari pengembangan keilmuan. Kenyataannya saat ini, istilah bahasa Inggris lebih dominan dalam penggunaan istilah ilmiah dalam kajian studi Islam di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan bahasa Arab. Maka para pengajar dan pelajar studi Islam wajib menguasai istilah-istilah yang khusus dari bahasa Arab sebagai penguat sekaligus pembeda dari kajian-kajian ilmu umum. Adapun metode penguatan istilah-istilah ilmiah bahasa ini bisa menggunakan metode pembiasaan, yakni bentuk pengulangan yang dilakukan secara terprogram maupun spontan dalam penggunaan istilah-istilah ilmiah bahasa Arab. Di sini penulis menawarkan tiga metode pembiasaan, yakni metode pembiasaan dalam proses belajar, metode pebiasaan dalam penulisan naskah ilmiah dan atau buku ajar, serta metode pembiasaan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan ilmiah. Dengan pembiasaan, maka fungsi bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa ilmu pengetahuan akan mendapatkan posisi yang layak dalam studi Islam.

 

This paper aims to examine the important role of Arabic in Islamic studies. This departs from the fact that Arabic has a function as the language of religion, the language of communication, the language of civilization and the language of science. The influence of Islam and Arabic is also felt in the archipelago, especially Malay land with the presence of Malay Arabic characters. In this study it was found that the importance of mastering Arabic in Islamic studies as part of scientific development. In fact today, the term English is more dominant in the use of scientific terms in the study of Islamic studies in Indonesia compared to Arabic. So the instructors and students of Islamic studies must master the specific terms of Arabic as reinforcement as well as differentiators from general science studies. The method of strengthening scientific terms of this language can use habituation methods, namely the form of repetition carried out programmed and spontaneous in the use of scientific terms in Arabic. Here the author offers three methods of habituation, namely the method of habituation in the learning process, the habitual method of writing scientific texts and or textbooks, and methods of habituation in scientific activities. With habituation, the function of Arabic as a language of science will get a decent position in Islamic studies.
KONTRIBUSI BAHTSUL MASAIL PESANTREN DI MADURA DALAM MENGHADAPI PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER
Authors: Abdillah Kudrat , Maylissabet Maylissabet , TAUFIQ M.
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan Kontribusi Bahtsul Masail Pesantren di Madura dalam menghadapi perkembangan Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Banyak permasalahan kontemporer muncul, yang belum ada pada masa Nabi Muhammad, SAW. dan/atau bahkan pada masa-masa ulama klasik setelah meninggalnya Nabi. Permasalahan kontemporer ini terjadi di berbagai bidang, seperti bidang keluarga, bidang ekonomi, bidang kesehatan, bidang perdata, bidang pidana, dan lain-lain.

Beberapa pertanyaan yang menjadi fokus pada tulisan ini adalah pertama, Bagaimana Bahtsul Masail Pesantren memaknai perubahan zaman dan perubahan Hukum Islam masa kini? Kedua, Metode apa yang digunakan Bahtsul Masail Pesantren dalam memecahkan problematika hukum Islam Kontemporer? Ketiga, Bagaimana Bahtsul Masail Pesantren mensosialisasikan hasil dari kajiannya kepada masyarakat muslim? Sebagai penelitian kualitatif, pengumpulan data tulisan ini akan dilakukan melalui dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sejarah sosial, yaitu sejarah yang menggunakan ilmu-ilmu sosial untuk mengkaji tentang struktur (bagian-bagian) dan proses interaksi (hubungan timbal balik) antar manusia sebagai pelaku sejarah.

Data yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Bahtsul Masail Pesantren di Madura sudah berlangsung sejak lama (kisaran tahun 1989, meskipun dengan nama yang berbeda. Nama-nama tersebut seperti musyawarah, diskusi rutin, majelis musyawarah kutubud diniyah, dan juga bahtsul masail sendiri. Metode yang digunakan secara umum mengacu pada metode Bahtsul Masail yang digunakan Nahdlatul Ulama. Hanya di beberapa teknis sedikit berbeda sesuai dengan ciri dan kekhasan masing-masing pesantren. Hasil dari diskusi bahtsul masail tersebut, sebagian besar tidak disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat secara kangsung. Mereka hanya menjawab ketika ada pertanyaan dari masyarakat. Tetapi di sebagian yang lain, hasil diskusi bahtsul masail ini sudah dibukukan secara sistematis bahkan dipublish di web resmi pesantren. Penulis melihat tradisi bahtsul masail yang sudah berlangsung lama di Pesantren Madura ini menjadi kontribusi dalam menghadapi perubahan dan perkembangan hukum kontemporer. Bukan melihat dari sisi hasil atau produk yang dihasilkan, tetapi lebih menarik pada proses bagaimana kemudian tradisi diskusi ini memecahkan suatu masalah baru. Itu yang menunjukkan wujud nyata bahwa ijtihad harus terus dilakukan.
Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Michio , Mori Taizo , Shrestha Lok Kumar
Published: July 2019

Much attention has been paid to the synthesis of low-dimensional materials from small units such as functional molecules. Bottom-up approaches to create new low-dimensional materials with various functional units can be realized with the emerging concept of nanoarchitectonics. In this review article, we overview recent research progresses on materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces, which are dimensionally restricted media with some freedoms of molecular motion. Specific characteristics of molecular interactions and functions at liquid interfaces are briefly explained in the first parts. The following sections overview several topics on materials nanoarchitectonics at liquid interfaces, such as the preparation of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, and the fabrication of low-dimensional and specifically structured nanocarbons and their assemblies at liquid–liquid interfaces. Finally, interfacial nanoarchitectonics of biomaterials including the regulation of orientation and differentiation of living cells are explained. In the recent examples described in this review, various materials such as molecular machines, molecular receptors, block-copolymer, DNA origami, nanocarbon, phages, and stem cells were assembled at liquid interfaces by using various useful techniques. This review overviews techniques such as conventional Langmuir–Blodgett method, vortex Langmuir–Blodgett method, liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation, instructed assembly, and layer-by-layer assembly to give low-dimensional materials including nanowires, nanowhiskers, nanosheets, cubic objects, molecular patterns, supramolecular polymers, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. The nanoarchitecture materials can be used for various applications such as molecular recognition, sensors, photodetectors, supercapacitors, supramolecular differentiation, enzyme reactors, cell differentiation control, and hemodialysis.
Determination of nonlinear absorption and scattering in a single plasmonic nanostructure using X-scan technique
Authors: Jagadale Tushar C , Murali Dhanya , Chu Shi-Wei
Published: July 2019

Nonlinear nano-plasmonics opens up many exciting opportunities, such as nano-laser, nano-antenna, nano-modulator, etc. A highly desirable tool in the field of nonlinear nano-plasmonics is to characterize nonlinearity of optical absorption and scattering in single nanostructures. Currently, the most widely used method to quantify optical nonlinearity is z-scan, which can derive real and imaginary parts of permittivity through translating a thin sample across a laser focus. However, z-scan typically works with thin films, and thus acquires nonlinear responses from ensemble of nanostructures, not a single one. In this work, we present an X-scan technique, which is based on laser scanning microscopy equipped with forward and backward detectors. The two-channel detection allows simultaneous quantification of nonlinear behaviours of scattering, absorption, as well as total attenuation, from a single nanostructure. At low excitation intensity, both scattering and absorption responses are linear, thus confirming the linearity of detection system. At high excitation intensity, we found that the nonlinear response can be derived directly from the point spread function of X-scan images. Surprisingly high level of nonlinearities in both scattering and absorption are unravelled simultaneously for the first time. Our study not only provides a novel method for characterizing single-nanostructure nonlinearity, but also reports exceptionally large plasmonic nonlinearities.
Synthesis of 9-phenylcarbazole hyper-cross-linked polymers in different conditions and adsorption behavior for carbon dioxide
Authors: Fang Dandan , Li Xiaodong , Zou Meishuai , Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Aijuan
Published: July 2019

To systematically explore the effects of the synthesis conditions on the porosity of hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs), a series of 9-phenylcarbazole HCPs (P1-P11) have been made by changing the dosage of cross-linker, the reaction temperature, catalyst usage and solvent dosage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the structure of the obtained polymers. The TG analysis shows a high thermal stability of the HCPs. More importantly, comparative studies on the porous properties reveals that: molar ration of cross-linker and building block is the main factor of BET specific surface area; Improving reaction temperature or the usage of catalyst could increase the total pore volume greatly but sacrifice part of BET specific surface area; Fortunately changing solvent dosage could remedy this situation, that is slightly changing solvent dosage could simultaneously obtain high surface area and high total pore volume. The BET specific surface areas of P3 is up to 769 m2g-1 with narrow pore size distribution and the CO2 adsorption capacity of P11 is up to 52.4 cm3g-1 (273 K/1.00 bar).
GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Wu Yiyang , MacFadyen Andrew
Published: July 2019

We systematically investigate the outflow structure of GW170817 in comparison with a sample of 27 cosmological short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by modeling their afterglow light curves. We find that cosmological short GRBs share the same outflow structures with GW170817, relativistic structured jets. The jet opening angle of GW170817 is

, which is consistent with that of cosmological short GRBs (θ
0 = 6.°9 ± 2.°3). Our analysis indicates that GW170817 is viewed off-axis (

), while cosmological short GRBs are viewed on-axis (θ
obs ≲ θ
0). The exceptional properties of the GW170817 afterglow can be explained by the difference in observation angle alone. We demonstrate that the light curves of the GW170817 afterglow, if viewed on-axis, are consistent with those of cosmological short GRBs. Other properties of GW170817, such as Lorentz factor Γ ≈ 150, spectral index p ≈ 2.15, isotropic equivalent energy E
iso ≈ 8 × 1052 erg, and interstellar medium density n
0 ≈ 10−2 proton cm−3, fit well within the ranges of those of cosmological short GRBs. The similarity between the GW170817 outflow structure and those of cosmological short GRBs indicates that cosmological short GRBs are likely neutron star mergers.
Concealing Clothing Leading to Severe Vitamin D Deficiency, Osteomalacia and Muscle Weakness
Authors: Emini-Sadiku Merita , Morina-Kuqi Nadije
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide in all ages. Prolonged and severe vitamin D deficiency can result in secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency can be caused by various factors included here institutionalisation, malabsorption, inadequate exposure to sunlight etc. Osteomalacia is a disorder of decreased mineralisation of newly formed osteoid at sited of bone turnover, which can be manifested with symptoms such as diffuse body aches and pain. Muscles weakness from vitamin D deficiency causes difficulty in walking, developing proximal myopathy. Nearly 30-50% of all age groups are Vitamin D deficient worldwide.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 51-years-old woman, with a religious garment, with slowly progressing weakness of the proximal limb muscles, extreme fatigue, chest and lower spine pain, paresthesia, depression, difficulties in walking and waddling gait. On whole-body bone scintigraphy diffuse metabolic changes were present, and in DXA osteoporosis was shown due to severe vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Treatment with high doses of vitamin D and calcium replacement improved clinical manifestation of osteomalacia for few months. Absent of waddling gait with no pain was evident due to the better muscle and bone performance after the treatment.
CONCLUSION: Suspicious cases for osteomalacia in population wearing a religious garment and those that are not adequately exposed to the sunlight, laboratory evaluation should include measurement of 25 (OH) vitamin D, PTH, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and performing of DXA in order such cases do not get undiagnosed.
Bio-logging Data in Darwin Core: Use Cases
Authors: Newman Peggy , Pye Jonathan , Davidson Sarah , Desmet Peter
Published: July 2019

Animal-borne sensor data, along with other types of sensor-based observations, provide a growing volume and proportion of documentation about biodiversity. These data differ from the traditional specimen, sampling and human observation records for which the Taxonomic Database Working Group (TDWG) originally designed the Darwin Core standard. The original intention of the new TDWG Machine Observations Interest Group is to facilitate a body of work combining the informatics expertise of TDWG with that of subject matter experts to document best practice guidelines for applying Darwin Core to bio-logging datasets. This session offers the opportunity to walk through some of the use cases developed so far, including a terrestrial GPS tracking and acceleration dataset from Movebank and a marine acoustic telemetry dataset from the Ocean Tracking Network using stationary as well as mobile acoustic receivers.

Through these examples, we will describe the strategy and rationale for the approaches taken to the application of Darwin Core using typical animal tracking scenarios laced with some of the common complexities in bio-logging and other types of machine-based biodiversity observations.
Ending Software Boom and Bust: Lessons learnt from Scratchpads and proposals for building sustainable virtual research environments for the biodiversity research community
Authors: Scott Ben , Kiddle Paul , Vincent Sarah , Smith Vincent
Published: July 2019

Scratchpads launched in 2007 and became an extremely popular resource adopted for a variety of communities. Primarily, Scratchpads are used to manage and publish biodiversity data, but many sites were organised around projects, societies and regions. Demand for Scratchpads peeked at requests for more than 80 new sites over a 3 month period in 2014. Today we have over 1000 Scratchpad sites.

This has not been a pain-free journey. In 2015 the grants funding Scratchpad support and development came to an end, and whilst the Natural History Museum, London, provided some institutional support, this was alongside several competing initiatives. For a period of nearly two years, the Scratchpads had no dedicated developers. The Scratchpads suffered from this neglect, bugs remained unfixed and the platform became increasingly unstable. This situation has now been rectified, in 2017 the Informatics Group expanded, enabling us to provide a dedicated resource to the Scratchpads again.

This has been a challenging but valuable learning experience - and one that many Virtual Research Environments (VREs) in our community have, or will, experience. Current funding models encourage a boom and bust development cycle, described by Hine (2008) as the "dance of the initiatives," as projects constantly need to re-invent themselves in order to receive new external funding. We need to move beyond this, to start working collectively to develop a common roadmap for these systems, so we can begin to mutually benefit from each others development activities. Building on lessons learnt from the Scratchpads, we highlight a draft set of principles that may provide a framework for such a collaboration. While it is unrealistic to expect existing projects at different stages of maturity, and supporting very different use cases, to re-write their codebase in order to facilitate collaboration, we propose a microservices framework that would allow these related systems to converge on the delivery of a common set of services, provided by many current VRE's. This convergence, coupled with the development of a common and mutually agreed roadmap for these systems, has the potential to build a more sustainable future for VRE user and developer communities, as these systems evolve to support new use cases and improve existing functionality.
Species Distribution Modelling Using Deep Learning
Authors: Vos Rutger , Rademaker Mark , Hogeweg Laurens
Published: July 2019

Species distribution modelling, or ecological niche modelling, is a collection of techniques for the construction of correlative models based on the combination of species occurrences and GIS data. Using such models, a variety of research questions in biodiversity science can be investigated, among which are the assessment of habitat suitability around the globe (e.g. in the case of invasive species), the response of species to alternative climatic regimes (e.g. by forecasting climate change scenarios, or by hindcasting into palaeoclimates), and the overlap of species in niche space. The algorithms used for the construction of such models include maximum entropy, neural networks, and random forests. Recent advances both in computing power and in algorithm development raise the possibility that deep learning techniques will provide valuable additions to these existing approaches. Here, we present our recent findings in the development of workflows to apply deep learning to species distribution modelling, and discuss the prospects for the large-scale application of deep learning in web service infrastructures to analyze the growing corpus of species occurrence data in biodiversity information facilities.
Implications of Climate Change to Niche Patterns of Rothschild’s Giraffe in Africa
Authors: Njagi George , Chiawo David
Published: July 2019

The distribution of species is strongly influenced by habitat quality and its changes over time. Climate change has been identified as one of the major drivers of habitat loss, threatening the survival of many range-restricted animal species. Identification of spatiotemporal hotspots of species occurrence is important for understanding basic ecological processes particularly for the conservation of species at risk. This study models the spatiotemporal distribution of Rothschild’s giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) with the view of explaining the possible effects of changing habitat suitability in Kenya and across Africa. The study analyzes the relative importance of different climatic variables and establishes the variables that are the strongest predictors of the species’ geographic range. We apply species distribution modelling to predict the species' response to future climate and land use change scenarios. Our model is based on occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for the period 1923-2019 and climatic data from the WorldClim. We fit the model using the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) algorithm to identify the combination of environmental responses, which best predicts evolving hotspots of occurrence for this species and future habitat suitability in face of climate change. The study demonstrates the usability of occurrence data over time on Rothschild’s giraffe and gives insights on the integration of land use variables to be able to link species distribution patterns, land use change and climate change to effectively inform conservation management.