bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstruction as a Functional Tool in Decolonizing Nigerian Educational System: A Biblical Response
Authors: Isiorhovoja Osbert Uyovwieyovwe
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the role of deconstruction in the Nigerian educational system vis-à-vis its functionality to the growing needs and challenges be devilling the nation. Arguably, the content of the system has been commonly viewed sometimes as dysfunctional, tilted toward the needs of the colonial agenda. This phenomenon did only leave the endeavour handicapped but also totally reliant on foreign ideology; a system that estranged the people. The paper adopts hermeneutical, historical, and critical approaches to the phenomenon. From a biblical perspective, while searching for relevance, there has been the need to decolonize certain aspects which otherwise have alienated the people, with the aim of targeting functionality and acceptability among Africans. The need to contextualize a foreign curriculum that will bring about a total overhauling of the system to achieve a vibrant curriculum remains a necessity in order to service the needs of the people. As in the decolonisation exercise among biblical scholars, chances are that we can achieve a great feat in our nation’s education sector. It concludes by resounding that the present educational system is deconstructed with the aim of removing dysfunctional elements; with full integration of a rich indigenous knowledge base that serves the people’s uniqueness amidst conflicting curriculum, the government should be proud to introduce into the educational system a fresh idea that meets the needs as posited by biblical scholars.
Understanding African Socio-Cultural Context: Contemporary Challenges to Christian Missions in the 21st Century.
Authors: Isiorhovoja Osbert Uyovwieyovwe
Published: October 2021

Heuristically, the paper seeks to understand the religious perception of Africans otherwise regarded as the indigenous people and their contact with the missionary message. It adopts a historical, hermeneutical, and critical interpretation of some preconceived ideas about Africans as well as their reactions to the gospel message. It discovers that the introduction of the faith was done with clear intentions; slavery and economic exploitation, prejudices, and hence the demeaning attitude and bastardisation of the rich socio-cultural background of the people. However, the wisdom of the continent paved the way for the accommodation of messages. The paper concludes by recommending the following as some of the way forward: the messenger bearing the message should seek to know the socio-cultural background of African tradition, the Jesus’ attitude of non-condemnation should be adopted as a global standard for all missionary volunteers to present-day Africa in order to put on record the right perspective about the people and lastly, African charismatic which has played a dominant role in the daily lives of the people has been enculturated into the life of the churches in Africa as evidenced in the dance pattern and gospel music, these should be greatly encouraged.
ARCHITECTONICS OF TRADITIONAL AND DISTANT EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Veryaev A.A. , Sambetova R.A. ,   South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov
Published: October 2021

The concept of “architectonics of the educational process” should be one of the key concepts when the traditional and distant educational processes are compared. This is the main systemic view of the educational process to be discussed in this article. The research shows that the differences between the traditional educational process and the distance one can be analyzed, in particular, from the standpoint of such a phenomenon as a “didactic communicative impact” of the teacher on the trainees.
EMOTIONAL INTELLECT AND COGNITIVE SPHERE OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Authors:   City Psychological and Pedagogical Center “Potential”, Bazhenov E.A. , Grigoricheva I.V. ,   Altai State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2021

The article examines the psychological characteristics of junior schoolchildren with learning difficulties. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the problem of teaching junior schoolchildren through the prism of the cognitive sphere and emotional intelligence of children. It is shown that junior schoolchildren with learning problems have a low level of intellectual development, concentration of attention and emotional intelligence.
LIFE-PURPOSE ORIENTATIONS AS A PREDICTOR OF STUDENTS ‘ RESILIENCE
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Guryanova T.A. , Skorlupina E.A. ,   Regional Crisis Center for Women
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of resilience in adolescence. The study examines life-purpose orientations as predictors of resilience. The empirical study was conducted with students of secondary specialized educational institutions of the city of Barnaul. There is evidence that young men with a high level of resilience have more meaningful living goals, clearer plans for life and higher satisfaction with the results. The majority of students are dominated by family values. And such indicators as the effectiveness of life, the locus of control - I and communicative meanings are predictors of the resilience of students.
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF FAMILIES AS BASIS FOR PSYCHOEMOTIONAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENT SCHOOLERS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Altai State University, Kislykh A.A.
Published: October 2021

The article shows differences in socio-role adequacy between teenagers with diabetes mellitus and the ones without chronic diseases. Teenagers with diabetes mellitus showed high levels of socio-role adequacy. The results of the study show role impairment. These data demonstrate a conflict between the assigned role and personality. Dominant types of attitudes to the disease in adolescents diagnosed with diabetes mellitus: euphoric and anozognosic type.
THE ALCOHOLIC ISSUE: THE REVERSE SIDE OF SOVIET HEALTH-SAVING IDEOLOGY (HISTORIOGRAPHY AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM)
Authors:   Krasnodar State Institute of Culture, Kaunova E.V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to collect, analyze, and uncover the causal relationships between the ideology of political meaning and the formation of healthy lifestyle morals in the USSR. The research focuses on the study of the alcohol issue in the Soviet period of the country’s development. The scientific novelty lies in a serious attempt to collect and process on a large scale the above-mentioned information, which is largely fragmented in the research space. As a result of the conducted work, an extensive source base on the topic, catalog material of alcoholic beverages is analyzed, and a comparative analysis of scholarly views on the problem is presented.
On the Estimates in Various Spaces to the Control Function of the Extremum Problem for Parabolic Equation
Authors: Astashova Irina , Filinovskiy Alexey , Lashin Dmitriy
Published: October 2021

For the minimization problem with pointwise observation governed by a one-dimensional parabolic equation with a free convection term and a depletion potential, we formulate a result on the existence and uniqueness of a minimizer from a prescribed set. We use a weight quadratic cost functional showing the temperature deviation. We obtain estimates for the norm of control functions in terms of the value of the quality functional in different functional spaces. It gives us a possibility to estimate the required internal energy of the system. To prove these results we establish the positivity principle.
THE STRUCTURE OF GRAPHS ON \(n\) VERTICES WITH THE DEGREE SUM OF ANY TWO NONADJACENT VERTICES EQUAL TO \(n-2\)
Authors: An Do Nhu
Published: October 2021

Let \(G\) be an undirected simple graph on n vertices and \(\sigma^2(G)=n-2\) (degree sum of any two non-adjacent vertices in \(G\) is equal to \(n-2\)) and \(\alpha(G)\) be the cardinality of an maximum independent set of \(G\). In \(G\), a vertex of degree \((n-1)\) is called total vertex. We show that, for \(n\geq3\) is an odd number then \(\alpha(G)=2\) and \(G\) is a disconnected graph; for \(n\geq4\) is an even number then \(2\leq\alpha(G)\leq(n+2)/2\), where if \(\alpha(G)=2\) then \(G\) is a disconnected graph, otherwise \(G\) is a connected graph, \(G\) contains  \(k\) total vertices and \(n-k\) vertices of degree \(\delta=(n-2)/2\), where \(0\leq k\leq(n-2)/2\). In particular, when \(k=0\) then \(G\) is an \((n-2)/2\)-Regular graph.
STRUCTURAL, VIBRATIONAL, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF 0-3 TYPE PARTICULATE PbTiO3-NiFe2O4 COMPOSITES
Authors: Pham Chung Do , Le Oanh Thi Mai , Nguyen Minh Van
Published: October 2021

We synthesized 0-3 type (1-x)PbTiO3-xNiFe2O4 (x = 0.0-0.5) multiferroic composites with two independently crystallized parent phases by the sol-gel method. Structural, surface morphology, vibrational, optical, and magnetic characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, Raman scattering, UV-vis absorption, and magnetization (M-H) measurements, respectively. The XRD result showed that the lattice parameter a of the PbTiO3 (PTO) phase decreased while lattice parameter c increased after compositing, leading to a decrease in the tetragonal ratio c/a. SEM images indicated that the NiFe2O4 (NFO) crystals that crystallized later are small and adhere to the surface of the large PTO particles. The strong cohesion between the two components was also revealed by the gradual shift of the Raman peaks to the lower wavelength and the reduction of the Raman intensity as the NFO content increased. The UV-vis absorption result showed the co-absorption spectra of the parent phases in the composites. Magnetization curves presented a sharp increase in saturation magnetization MS with NFO content from 0.014 emu/g for the PTO sample to 14.360 emu/g for the composite containing 50 mol% NFO. This study indicates an effective method in the search for multilayer composites.
Preserved strata of synsedimentary rotated loose sediments formed in a dead ice environment
Authors: Husen Dirk van
Published: October 2021

In Drau valley (Carinthia, Austria) cohesionless unconsolidated sediment sequence with an inclination between ea. 90°-40° were found. The arrangement of the strata indicate a synsedimentary rotation. For­mation of these strata probably occurred in contact with dead ice.
A RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERAGA SISTEM OILY WATER SEPARATOR DI KAPAL KM. DOROLONDA
Authors: Helmi Iqbal , Amad Narto  , Mashudi Rofik
Published: October 2021

Pada era modern di dunia kemaritiman ini proses pembelajaran terkait permesinan kapal sangat diperlukan dan sangat penting untuk dikuasai peserta didik. Sehingga banyak digunakan metode pembelajaran yang efektif salah satunya adalah metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat peraga permesinan diatas kapal, maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat alat peraga dan untuk mengetahui prinsip kerja dari alat peraga serta untuk mengetahui manfaat yang didapatkan dari alat peraga. Jenis alat peraga sitem oily water separator di atas kapal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Research and Development, merupakan proses atau langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan suatu produk yang sudah ada, baik itu perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak. Model dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah model procedural yaitu menggariskan pada langkah-langkah pembuatan yang terpapar secara urut dan bertahap dari proses awal hingga akhir.

Kata kunci: Alat peraga, Oily Water Separator, modul elektronika, Timmer Delay Relay
PENGARUH KINERJA KETARUNAAN TERHADAP TINGKAT RESELIANCE TARUNA DI GEDUNG PEMBINAAN KARAKTER POLITEKNIK BUMI AKPELNI
Authors: Widodo B.L Hentri , Tini Utami  , Eviana Diah Kusumawati
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kondisi nyata tingkat kinerja ketarunaan dan kemampuan reseliance di gedung pembinaan karakter Politeknik Bumi Akpelni, serta mendiskripsikan tentang pengaruh kinerja ketarunaan terhadap tingkat reseliance.Penelitian ini diharapkan nantinya memberikan masukan dan atau solusi serta penerapan praktis dalam mengatasi kinerja ketarunaan agar menjadikan lebih baik lagi juga peningkatan kemampuan reseliance taruna di gedung pembentukan dan pembinaan karakter Politeknik Bumi Akpelni. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah taruna/taruni angkatan 56 dengan jumlah 370 orang yang melaksanakan pembentukan dan pembinaan karakter di gedung Pembinaan dan Pembentukan Karakter Politeknik Bumi Akpelni.Pengumpulan data dengan metode kuisioner.Uji intrumen ini dilakukan terhadap 79 taruna/ taruni angkatan 56 prodiNautika, Teknika dan KPN. Analisi data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Berdasarkan uji hipotesis parsial/ uji T diperoleh  hasil bahwa kinerja ketarunaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap tingkat reseliance (2) Sumbangan efektif kinerja ketarunaan terhadap reseliance taruna sebesar 13,9 persen.
BioMEMS for Life-Saving Biomedical Technologies
Authors:   Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, Tripathi Pallavi
Published: October 2021

Lately, there have been huge research interests in developing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) for various biological and medical applications. These bioMEMS based devices are considered instrumental to develop many life-saving biomedical technologies. To this end, a number of studies have focused on the developments of bioMEMS in the field of molecular biology, biotechnology, medicine, biochemical and material sciences and also in microsystems technology. The applications of bioMEMS are extensive that include diagnostic research, drug delivery, therapeutics, tissue engineering, biosensors and lab-on-a-chip systems for regenerative medicine, to name a few. Here, we present a perspective on the important breakthroughs in bioMEMS including the advances in microfabrication, monitoring and modulating cellular activities along with notable applications of bioMEMS in the modern healthcare sector.
Analysis of effectiveness, costs, quality of life, adherence and safety of the use of adalimumab in adults diagnosed with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: systematic review protocol
Authors:   Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Albuquerque Nila , Regis Franklin , Machado Lucas
Published: October 2021

Review question / Objective: What evidence is available in longitudinal studies on the use of adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in adults with a diagnosis of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in which systemic antibiotic therapy has been shown to be ineffective and/or in situations where they present intolerance or contraindication to systemic antibiotics, compared to the application of usual care without the use of adalimumab, regarding the reduction in the total count of abscesses and nodules, decreased sensation of pain, therapeutic adherence, increased levels of self-esteem and quality of life, improvement in inflammatory nodules, abscesses and fistulas costs and expenses associated with the treatment of the disease? Condition being studied: Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa.
Student’s Learning Strategies in English Speaking Class
Authors: Basalama Nonny , Bay Indri Wirahmi , Abubakar Aprilia
Published: October 2021

Speaking is the most essential skill that must be learned in acquiring a new language. It is important for the students to find the best learning strategies in order help them in learning the materials. However, it is necessary for the students to realize that there are many kinds of learning strategies that they may use during English speaking class. Therefore, this study aimed to elaborate on the kinds of students’ learning strategies in the English speaking class and to identify the factors that caused students to choose that learning strategy. The participants of this research were the students of English Department in the fourth semesters. The data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. The result shows that the students of English Department applied almost the learning strategies which provide on the metacognitive, cognitive, and socio-affective strategies while learning speaking. The most strategy used by students was note taking (51, 4%) and the least strategy was a translation (19, 6%). On the other hand, the strategy used by male students was cooperation (16, 8%) and there were (27, 1) female students who used self-evaluation as their strategy in learning speaking. Those learning strategies may be chosen depending on the students’ occasion and learning objectives.
Challenges in teaching English writing skills: Lessons learnt from Indonesian high school English language teachers
Authors: Adam Nurhardiyanti , Abid Abid , Bantulu Yusna
Published: October 2021

Writing skill, among the four target language skills, is one of the skills that language learners need to master. In teaching this skill, therefore, teachers should take any effort to help learners write using the language they learn correctly. However, in the context of teaching English in Indonesia, particularly the writing skill, teachers often face challenges. The study reported in this article seeks to identify the challenges experienced by several Indonesian English language teachers in teaching English writing skills at VHS, a vocational high school, in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The participants involved were all English language teachers working at the school. Data were collected using interview and observation, and analyzed by using a thematic analysis method. The findings showed that there were four themes describing the teachers’ challenges in teaching English writing skills. They were teaching technique-related challenges, teaching time-related challenges, linguistics-related challenges, and learning motivation-related challenges. Even though the teachers are able to cope with the challenges, they still need to explore more strategies in teaching, thus the teaching and learning process can run effectively.
EFL Learners’ Perceptions on ZOOM Application in the Online Classes
Authors: Nuraziza Nadila , Oktaviani Lulud , Sari Fatimah Mulya
Published: October 2021

Pandemic Covid-19 brings impactful aspects for several sectors, especially in the education sector. The teaching and learning process has shifted to online learning. It quite challenges the teachers as well as the students to fully support the success of the online classes.Teachers are required to be more creative in delivering the learning materials that will be given to their students. Meanwhile, students are encouraged to be autonomous learners. This paper aims to investigate the students’ perceptions toward the implementation of the ZOOM application to support the online learning process and explore how this application gives a new shape in the educational industry. The qualitative approach was chosen for this study. The data were obtained from questionnaires and interviews. Based on the findings, there are some perceptions about the implementation of ZOOM to support online learning. The result showed that most students thought implementation of e-learning should be improved continuously. Surprisingly, it gave significant changes toward the learning and teaching process, especially during covid-19

itself.
FODDER BEHAVIOR FEATURES OF LANDRAS BREED BOARS IN CONNECTION WITH PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC FEATURES VARIABILITY
Authors:   FGBNU FSC VIZh named after L.K. Ernst, A.A. BELOUS , A.A. SERMYAGIN ,   FGBNU FSC VIZh named after L.K. Ernst, E.A. TREBUNSKIKH ,   FGBNU FSC VIZh named after L.K. Ernst, N.A. ZINOVIEVA ,   FGBNU FSC VIZh named after L.K. Ernst
Published: October 2021

Currently, realization and improvement of genetic potential of purebred boars is an urgent task in the field of pig-breeding. To achieve the task, it is necessary to include new parameters for the selection of individuals for the reproduction of the herd. The purpose of this work was to calculate genetic and phenotype correlation of fodder behavior indicators, feed conversion and predicted residual feed intake in pigs of Landras breed. The obtained scores of EBV could be used to understand direction of selection work, including new parameters of quantative features.
Hemşirelerde İçsel Motivasyon ve İçsel Motivasyonun Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu İle İlişkisi
Authors: BAYER Nükhet , GÖLBAŞI Zehra , ESENKAYA Ebru
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelerde içsel motivasyonun toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutumu ile ilişkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Şubat-Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 261 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Bireysel ve Mesleki Özellikler Bilgi Formu, İçsel Motivasyon Ölçeği (İMÖ) ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği (TCRTÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı yüzde dağılımı, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis Varyans analizi, Korelasyon analizi ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon alt boyut puan ortalaması 4.25±0.60; TCRTÖ puan ortalaması ise 158.40±22.14 olarak bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin birimde çalışma süresi ve birimde isteyerek çalışma durumlarına göre içsel motivasyon puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p0.05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Hemşirelik mesleği en çok kadınlar tarafından tercih edilmesine karşın; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin geleneksel ve eşitlikçi tutuma sahip olmanın hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon düzeyini etkilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Embercsempészés, nemzetközi bűnügyi együttműködés, ítélethozatal
Authors: Póczik Szilveszter
Published: October 2021

Earlier human smuggler organizations have undergone a significant transformation by today, adapting to changes of the economic, political and legal environment of today. In Hungary, for example, loosely organized and occasionally operating human smuggler groups with changing personnel at the time of the change of regime, have become by now professional organizations integrated into international OC networks. Internationally, recruiters and organizers in the so called migration sending countries are at the root of the networks. At the intermediate level, a variety of special tasks requiring specific local knowledge and expertise need to be organized, performed and monitored. At the level of the local executors strongly conspired organizations are acting functionally separated into subunits and specialists for subtasks. Human trafficking is financed through complex illegal financial transactions, in which crypto-currencies play an important role, too. Law enforcement has to face a number of procedural and evidence problems in the international cooperation. Detecting international organized crime networks requires close international cooperation of police and judiciary authorities. One relatively new form of international criminal cooperation is the organization of JITs within the European Union that can carry out cross-border investigations. Within the framework of a joint investigation team, members of the authorities of another member state may take part in the proceedings of a given member state. The evidence gathered by the investigation team can be used directly in all participating member state. Based on the empirical research conducted at the National Institute of Criminology in 2019, it can be stated that the Hungarian courts have a very consistent but differentiated sentencing practice in human smuggling cases.
A More Precise Mass for GJ 1214 b and the Frequency of Multiplanet Systems Around Mid-M Dwarfs
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Charbonneau David , Deming Drake , Bonfils Xavier , Astudillo-Defru Nicola
Published: October 2021

We present an intensive effort to refine the mass and orbit of the enveloped terrestrial planet GJ 1214 b using 165 radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph over a period of 10 years. We conduct a joint analysis of the RVs with archival Spitzer/IRAC transits and measure a planetary mass and radius of 8.17 ± 0.43 M
⊕ and

2.742

−
0.053

+
0.050

R
⊕. Assuming that GJ 1214 b is an Earth-like core surrounded by a H/He envelope, we measure an envelope mass fraction of X
env =

5.24

−
0.29

+
0.30

%. GJ 1214 b remains a prime target for secondary eclipse observations of an enveloped terrestrial, the scheduling of which benefits from our constraint on the orbital eccentricity of <0.063 at 95% confidence, which narrows the secondary eclipse window to 2.8 hr. By combining GJ 1214 with other mid-M-dwarf transiting systems with intensive RV follow up, we calculate the frequency of mid-M-dwarf planetary systems with multiple small planets and find that

90

−
21

+
5

% of mid-M dwarfs with a known planet with mass ∈ [1, 10] M
⊕ and orbital period ∈ [0.5, 50] days, will host at least one additional planet. We rule out additional planets around GJ 1214 down to 3 M
⊕ within 10 days, such that GJ 1214 is a single-planet system within these limits. This result has a

44

−
5

+
9

probability given the prevalence of multiplanet systems around mid-M dwarfs. We also investigate mid-M-dwarf RV systems and show that the probability that all reported RV planet candidates are real planets is <12% at 99% confidence, although this statistical argument is unable to identify the probable false positives.
People Who Inject Drugs and have tuberculosis: Opioid Substitution Therapy improves treatment outcomes in Ukraine
Authors: Fomenko Tetiana , Meteliuk Anna , Korinchuk Larysa , Denisiuk Olga , Aslanyan Garry , Islam Zahedul , Zachariah Rony
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). It should be an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) care to increase the uptake, compliance and effectiveness of treatment and also curtail risk behaviors. We aimed to compare TB treatment outcomes in relation to OST among PWID in six regions of Ukraine.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study using routine programmatic data from centers offering integrated TB and OST (December 2016 – May 2020). OST involved use of methadone or buprenorphine. TB treatment outcomes were standardized.

Results: Of 228 PWID (85% male) diagnosed with TB, 104 (46%) had drug-sensitive and 124 (64%) drug-resistant TB. The majority had pulmonary TB (95%), 64 (28%) were HCV-positive and 179 (78%) were HIV-positive, 91% of the latter were also on antiretroviral therapy. There were 114 (50%) PWID with TB on OST. For drug-sensitive TB (n=104), treatment success was significantly higher (61%) in those on adjunctive OST than those not on OST (42%, P<0.001). Similarly, for drug-resistant TB (n=124) treatment success was also significantly higher when individuals were on OST (43%) compared to when not on OST (26%, P<0.001).

Conclusions: This operational research study shows that OST is associated with significantly improved treatment success in PWID and can contribute to achieving Universal Health Coverage and the WHO Flagship Initiative “Find.Treat.All. #End TB”. We advocate for the scale-up of this intervention in Ukraine.
A five-year audit of gaps in HIV testing and associations with TB treatment outcomes in Armenia, 2015-2019
Authors: Abrahamyan Arpine , Hann Katrina , Akopian Kristina , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Petrosyan Ofelya , Davtyan Hayk
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Poor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing practices and underreporting of HIV-related data in TB information systems remain barriers to effective care for TB-HIV co-infected patients. HIV testing and recording practices in national TB program have not been formally evaluated in Armenia. This study aimed to assess the recording completeness of HIV testing and HIV status in the national TB program electronic database, and to determine trend in HIV testing and the association between HIV testing and treatment outcomes for all TB patients registered in Armenia (2015-2019).

Methodology: A cohort study of TB patients using routine programmatic data from the national TB program of Armenia.

Results: From 2015 to 2019, the electronic database was completed for HIV testing and HIV status by 48.1% and 97.5%, respectively. Of all registered TB patients 93.6% were tested for HIV. Of a total 4,674 patients, 1,085 (23.2%) had unsuccessful outcomes. Patients with HIV status “not tested” and “not recorded” compared to HIV “negatives” had 1.76 (95%CI 1.42-2.11) and 1.6 (95%CI 1.20-2.06) times higher risk of unsuccessful outcomes, respectively. Lost to follow-up was the most frequent unsuccessful outcome in HIV status “not tested” group.

Conclusions: An analysis of nationwide data revealed incompleteness of the national TB electronic database for HIV data. Patients with HIV status “not tested” and “not recorded” had higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. Upgrade of the electronic database with information on key indicators of TB-HIV services will facilitate improved monitoring and reporting.
Treatment success using novel and adapted treatment regimens in registered DR-TB children in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2013-2019
Authors: Pirmahmadzoda Bobojon , Hann Katrina , Akopyan Kristina , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Geliukh Evgenia , Hushvaht Sharifzoda , Surayo Odinaeva , Tilloeva Zulfiya
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Approximately 3% of all pediatric TB cases develop MDR-TB, with only 3–4% of such children receiving MDR-TB treatment. In Tajikistan, children as a proportion of all DR-TB in the country increased from 4.3 to 7.5% during 2013-2018. Despite limited evidence on the use of new anti-TB drugs in children, WHO has updated its guidelines for DR-TB treatment for children, and Tajikistan did so in 2013 and 2017. Novel and adapted regimens included individual regimens for RR/MDR, XDR (with and without Bedaquiline and Delamanid) and short treatment regimens with and without injectables. It is important to document the outcomes of the treatment regimens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of children receiving different treatment regimens for DR-TB, the culture conversion and treatment outcomes.

Methodology: Cohort study of children enrolled in DR-TB treatment by the National Tuberculosis Program in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, January 2013 to July 2019.

Results: The study included 60 DR-TB children. The male to female ratio was 1:2 and mean age 13.6 years. Median time to culture conversion was 66 days [IQR:31-103; Range:2-232]. In children with treatment outcomes (N = 58), 93% had favorable outcomes. There were four children (7%) with unfavorable treatment outcomes, all of whom were female 15-17 years, on standard (RR/MDR) treatment during 2013-2015. Favorable outcomes by DR-TB type were 91%, 90%, and 100% in RR/MDR, PreXDR, and XDR-TB patients, respectively.

Conclusions: All children enrolled after the introduction of modified guidelines for novel and adapted regimens for DR-TB showed positive TB treatment outcomes.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Nursing Workforce: A National Overview
Authors: Chan Garrett , Bitton Jana , Allgeyer Richard , Elliott Deborah , Hudson Laura , Moulton Burwell Patricia
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and negative impact on the nursing workforce. Immediate and long-term actions must be taken to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. Understanding these effects in various contexts is essential to conduct research, implement innovative interventions, and create supportive policies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the issues in the framework of six key areas of the HealthImpact Workforce Strategy Model, including K-12 and second-degree students, pre-requisite nursing education, and pre-licensure nursing education; upskilling the existing workforce; retention and well-being; and migration of nurses. We also discuss expanding advanced practice registered nursing scope of practice; crisis standards of care; and the impact of telehealth. Exemplars highlight the issues, and document action and innovation in the domains of workforce strategy, education, research, and policy in these challenging times.
Post COVID-19 Reimbursement Parity for Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Bischof Alycia , Greenberg Sherry
Published: October 2021

Reimbursement parity of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians is appropriate now more than ever. Studies have demonstrated that NPs provide the same quality of care as physicians, yet they do not receive the same reimbursement. The rise in full practice authority states, as well as nurse managed clinics and retail clinics, has led to more NPs practicing independently. The COVID-19 pandemic opened a need for NPs to provide a greater amount of care in more settings, and thus led to temporary removals of practice restrictions to increase access to care. This article offers a review of the issues, such as “incident to” billing; direct and indirect reimbursement; and quality of care. We consider MedPAC and reimbursement policy, post COVID-19 policy solutions, and action steps to move forward to seek reimbursement parity. The COVID-19 pandemic serendipitously led to the removal of many restrictions on NP practice, offering an opportunity for NPs to work with MedPAC to achieve full reimbursement for care provided.
Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Nurses Need To Know
Authors: Marcus Blima , Danielson Lindsey , Frenkel Tamar
Published: October 2021

In late 2019 a new virus emerged from China which would become the worst pandemic the world had experienced since the flu pandemic of 1918. Over one year later, the virus has infected over 100 million people and claimed the lives of over 2 million people. In this article, we first offer a brief overview about the COVID-19 pandemic. We review efforts to slow the spread and flatten the curve to contain the disease such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, and testing. Unprecedented funding and collaborative efforts have resulted in highly effective and safe vaccines, rolled out in December 2020. We also briefly discuss the history of vaccine development and previous outbreaks and lessons learned, followed by new vaccine technologies; barriers related to vaccination; vaccine hesitancy; successful vaccination programs; and vaccine hesitancy in healthcare providers. We conclude with implications for nurses to consider as they serve as trusted sources of vaccine information in their roles as frontline workers.
Négocier le non-négociable
Authors: Kessel Bernd , Vaquié-Quazza Dominique
Published: October 2021

L’article est un résumé d’une présentation décrivant une intervention réalisée auprès de la Commission européenne. L’auteur est intervenu lors d’une conférence des enseignants de la DGTA en novembre 2019. À l’aide d’exemples tirés de la pratique de la négociation politique, il présente le nouveau concept de négociation de Daniel Shapiro. Dans des conflits émotionnellement et moralement chargés, il s’agit de comprendre comment l’émergence des identités et des identités relationnelles peut générer de nouvelles perspectives. Pour les conflits graves qui ne sont plus guère négociables, l’auteur nous montre l’effet des récits intégrateurs et porteurs de sens. À partir des concepts de l’Échelle de l’Être de Shapiro et des trois P de Pat Crossman, l’auteur tire des conclusions sur l’impact personnel des médiateurs et sur les phénomènes de résonance au sein des négociations. Ces connexions seront illustrées par l’exemple du Peacemaking des Diné (Navajo).
Pourquoi faut-il, encore, plaider la cause de la décolonisation du droit au Sahel (et ailleurs) ?
Authors: Le Roy Étienne , Boche Mathieu
Published: October 2021

Étienne Le Roy nous a quittés le 28 février 2020, dans sa 80 e  année. En décembre 2019, au détour de l’un de nos échanges réguliers, je lui avais proposé de participer à la préparation de ce numéro sur les (in)dépendances africaines, dont il avait apprécié « l’insolence de l’intitulé ». Il m’a fait l’amitié d’accepter cette proposition, et nous avions convenu de l’intérêt de centrer ce texte sur le besoin de décolonisation juridique des États africains francophones. Fidèle à sa volonté de transmission et de partage, Étienne a poursuivi ses travaux d’écriture dans les derniers mois de sa vie avec plusieurs ouvrages complémentaires. Il a notamment confié en héritage au comité technique « Foncier et développement » un texte sur son cheminement intellectuel sur les questions foncières (Le Roy, 2019b). À la suite de ce témoignage sur six décennies de recherche et d’engagement, il a souhaité ici livrer une autre contribution, sous forme de discours de la méthode, appelant à la production d’un droit authentiquement nouveau, fondé sur la reconnaissance des pluralismes juridiques et institutionnels. Comme le disait Étienne, « derrière le prétendu droit coutumier, il y a un univers juridique qui émerge avec “le faire, les actes posés et les comportements ritualisés”, une juridicité relevant d’une logique à l’état pratique totalement ignorée des juristes ». C’est sur la base de l’observation de ces pratiques qu’il propose une démarche de médiation pour accompagner de nouvelles formes de production normative. Ce texte constitue l’un des derniers témoignages académiques d’Étienne Le Roy. Il raisonne comme une invitation à l’introspection et au questionnement pour amorcer une démarche de décolonisation juridique fondée sur les pratiques normatives endogènes. Telle une boussole, ces principes pourront aider celles et ceux qui souhaitent se lancer dans ce voyage fondateur. Merci à Étienne et à sa famille de nous avoir fait l’honneur et l’amitié de nous confier cette part d’héritage et d’avoir accepté la publication de ce texte dans ce numéro d’ Afrique contemporaine .
Après les « états généraux de l’eco »
Authors: Amato Massimo , Nubukpo Kako
Published: October 2021

Les « États généraux de l’eco : quelle monnaie pour quel développement en Afrique de l’Ouest ? », organisés à Lomé du 26 au 28 mai 2021, se sont achevés par une déclaration qui élabore les traits fondamentaux de l’Eco-CEDEAO, et par l’élaboration d’une feuille de route dédiée à sa mise en place. Cet article propose de mettre en perspective la déclaration de Lomé en précisant les fondements théoriques et la temporalité de mise en œuvre d’une monnaie unique pour la CEDEAO, actant la fin du franc CFA en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Le fait numérique comme « conjonctures médiatrices »
Authors: Vitali-Rosati Marcello
Published: October 2021

Après avoir défini la notion de conjonctures médiatrices en explicitant ses relations avec d’autres concepts issus de la tradition intermédiale (médiation, média, séries culturelles), je montrerai les enjeux ontologiques liés à cette idée. Je vais me pencher en particulier sur le cas du fait numérique en essayant de proposer une ontologie paradoxale, une ontologie sans essence, qui saisisse les spécificités d’un phénomène médiatique sans pour autant l’essentialiser en un « média ».
Altérité, géographie, médias : une étude de Terre solitaire de Tiziana Panizza
Authors: Cisneros James
Published: October 2021

En prenant pour appui un film chilien sur l’île de Pâques, Tierra sola  de Tiziana Panizza (Chili, 2017), ce texte se penche sur le rôle historique des médias dans la production de différences géographiques et culturelles. Les notions de « récursivité » et de « techniques culturelles » nous permettront d’analyser les effets d’auto-référence par lesquels les technologies des médias sont représentées dans des contextes coloniaux. Le geste récursif de montrer les instruments d’enregistrement sur le terrain de la rencontre a historiquement marqué des frontières et des limites spatiales. Il s’agira, en définitive, de montrer comment les médias sont liés à l’espace géographique, et de quelles façons l’exhibition de leurs instruments opère un partage des lieux.
Fenêtre : un dispositif ?
Authors: Froger Marion , Méchoulan Éric
Published: October 2021

Tout objet du monde, tout événement sont susceptibles d’une analyse intermédiale comme ils pourraient l’être d’une étude en termes de communication ou de sémiotique. Il s’agit alors d’appréhender toutes les médiations à l’œuvre dans la performance d’une pratique sociale. Afin d’en éclairer les mouvements et pas de côtés, cet article se propose de procéder à une telle analyse en prenant pour objet une fenêtre : celle autour de laquelle se construit de façon complexe Le cheval de Turin de Béla Tarr, par des jeux d’entrecroisements et d’inter-relations. Cette analyse est l’occasion de revenir sur le rapport aux objets/au terrain dans la recherche.
L’usage des emoji sur Twitter : une grammaire affective entre publics et organisations ?
Authors: Alloing Camille , Pierre Julien
Published: October 2021

Parmi les signes en circulation sur les plateformes du web social, les emoji tiennent un rôle particulier. De nature graphique, ils sont employés autant par les usagers que par les community managers. En analysant ces usages, par une collecte massive de tweets et en les confrontant à des entretiens avec les praticiens, nous partons des emoji pour établir comment s’agence une grammaire des relations entre publics et organisations. Suivre l’emploi des emoji permet alors d’éclairer le travail émotionnel et affectif des community managers ainsi que le type de relation qu’ils peuvent construire, à l’aide de « mots-images » ou de « mots-émotions ». Les emoji agissent alors comme des affordances affectives guidant les pratiques professionnelles dans un environnement mouvant. Il en ressort que l’expression singulière des affections, médiée par des fonctionnalités affectives, permet de nourrir un sentiment général servant l’intérêt des plateformes et accessoirement celui des marques.
L’homme-sandwich. Une technique publicitaire entre productivisme et consumérisme
Authors: Canu Roland
Published: October 2021

L’« homme-sandwich » désigne une des techniques les plus anciennes et « pittoresques » de la publicité moderne. À travers un siècle de son histoire en France (1840-1940), nous voudrions montrer comment cette technique permet de questionner la bascule qui s’opère entre deux périodes spécifiques des sciences et techniques publicitaires. La première est celle, typique du xix e  siècle, du recouvrement de la modernité par les publicités ; l’homme-sandwich, le plus souvent un « miséreux », y est employé pour épuiser les pavés urbains. La seconde période, typique du début du xx e  siècle, est celle de l’ aveuglement d’un consommateur dont les premiers publicitaires commencent à penser timidement la psychologie ; l’homme-sandwich, comme technique et comme « pouvoir », va y être éprouvé et fragilisé à l’aune des principes qui fondent désormais un secteur soucieux de se professionnaliser.
La formation professionnelle et technique : d’objet secondaire de la sociologie de l’éducation au rang d’objet phare des sciences sociales comparatives
Authors: Verdier Éric , Doray Pierre
Published: October 2021

Les objets de la sociologie de l’éducation se sont diversifiés, mais sont inégalement traités par la littérature. La formation professionnelle et technique (FTP) est ainsi un thème secondaire, soumis à la domination de l’éducation générale. Cela vient de son faible statut social, lié à l’image d’une voie de relégation, et à sa complexité (disparité des modalités de formation, des acteurs, hétérogénéité des établissements et des statuts des apprenants, multiplicité des parcours, etc.). Les articles du dossier montrent que s’il peut être fondé de parler de secondarisation de la FPT, il importe surtout de renouveler les approches de ce phénomène. Il en ressort que la FTP initiale n’a pas d’homogénéité structurelle. La formation technique relève souvent de logiques propres, contribuant à son autonomie par rapport à la formation professionnelle dont, en outre, la diversité ne cesse de s’accroître. Appréhender la signification de cette hétérogénéité interne dans le temps et dans l’espace appelle autant à développer des comparaisons internationales, pour prendre en compte le changement et les hybridations de logique et de régulations, qu’à élaborer des problématiques interdisciplinaires. Il s’agit de replacer les dynamiques plurielles de la FTP dans celles du système éducatif et dans les relations entretenues en particulier avec le travail et l’emploi. Une approche croisant comparaisons et cas nationaux avec les dynamiques conceptuelles et transversales (genre, inégalités, discriminations, etc.) ouvre des perspectives stimulantes. Le cas suisse, véritable laboratoire de la diversité, constitue une expérience socio-historique probante. Pour toutes ces raisons s’affirme un mouvement de revalorisation tendant à faire de la FPT un objet nettement plus légitime pour les sciences sociales, bien au-delà de la seule sociologie.
Animal-Assisted Interventions for Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Babka Jennifer R. , Lane Kari R. , Johnson Rebecca A.
Published: October 2021

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) can be devastating for people who have dementia and their families. More than 5 million Americans are living with dementia, and approximately 97% of these individuals have BPSD, including agitation, aggression, anxiety, depression, apathy, sleep disturbances, wandering, and disinhibition. Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have increasingly been used to treat these symptoms in individuals with dementia and constitute an optimal nonpharmacological treatment strategy. The current review aims to explore the literature regarding AAI in treating BPSD. Of 3,573 publications reviewed, 15 articles met inclusion criteria. All studies included a type of AAI exploring BPSD within individuals with dementia. The systematic review unveils AAI may be beneficial for those with dementia; however, further research is necessary to address limitations in the existing literature. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14
(6), 317–324.]
Economic and Reliable Preventive Maintenance Scheduling in Power Systems by Using Binary Crow Search Algorithm
Authors: Abou El Ela Adel A. , El-Sehiemy Ragab , Shaheen Abdullah M. , Shalaby Ayman S.
Published: October 2021

The generation system is an important part of the power system. The problem of generator maintenance scheduling is provided to construct optimal generators preventive maintenance schedules. It aims to improve economic benefits and achieve reliable operation of the power system while satisfying the system and maintenance constraints. In this paper, the binary crow search algorithm is proposed for solving the scheduling problem. This model would schedule maintenance scheme and commitment status of generating units while the objective functions are achieved. The crow search algorithm is a new meta-heuristic optimizer, which has its implementation very simple and easy compared to other optimization techniques. To verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed binary crow search optimizer, three test systems namely 6–unit, 21–unit system, and IEEE reliability test system are considered over the planning horizon of 52 weeks. The proposed optimizer is implemented in the MATLAB programming environment. Techno-economic aspects are considered for the generator's maintenance scheduling problem as reliability enhancement economic cost-minimizing issues. The proposed binary crow search optimizer is developed for single and multi-objective frameworks. The simulation results show the proposed binary crow search technique effectiveness and feasibility compared with previously optimizer in solving the generators maintenance scheduling problem with better convergence rate.