bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metacognition and Machines: Exploring AI’s Path to Consciousness
Authors: Sharma Charul , Som Bhupender Kumar
Published: January 2025

Metacognition, or thinking about thinking, is key to advancing AI toward consciousness.Internal reflection is a key mechanism by which we can prevent AI systems from being sunk at the hands of their own complexity, and metacognitive frameworks are formal systems that allow an AI to think about how it thinks — we use existing literature and insight from cognitive science and psychology as well as computer science more broadly to present a synthesizing discussion of this important area in AI. This study examines the practicality of theoretical models of consciousness within state-of-the-art AI frameworks like Tesla FSD, Boston Dynamics robots, Meta Cicero, Google DeepDream, and AlphaStar. It addresses the ethical and social implications of self-aware AI and provides a primer for developing conscious machines.This exploration serves as an entry point to understanding AI's path toward consciousness and its moral and social ramifications. The chapter closes with a primer for researchers and practitioners explaining how these pathways may enable AI systems to approach conscious states.
Mapping and Clustering Sustainable Household Practices and Clothing Use of Younger Generation: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Ujjawal Nishtha , Sharma Shagun , Kumar Sudhanshu
Published: January 2025

This study maps and clusters Sustainable Household Practices and Clothing Use among the younger generation. By extracting keywords from relevant manuscripts, we used visualizations to depict relationships and themes. The association method weighted words by frequency, yielding a network graph with 743 qualifying words. We then plotted the 60% most relevant terms, revealing three distinct clusters, including one with a single keyword. Each cluster represents a unique research theme, contributing to the understanding of key concepts and trends, facilitating further exploration in this domain.
Gustavo Chiappe
Authors: Chiappe G
Published: January 2025

No cabe duda de que la microangiopatía trombótica (MAT) puede ser una complicación de las cobalaminopatías C y G. Sobre un total de más de 500 casos de cobalaminopatía C publicados, Beck y col.(1) señalan que 36 presentaron MAT, con insuficiencia renal en los 36 y proteinuria, hematuria y confirmación histológica renal en todos los casos con reporte de esos datos. Mullikin y col.(2) también encuentran evidencia clínica (hipertensión arterial), bioquímica e histológica de compromiso renal microangiopático en 6 pacientes (2 propios) con cobalaminopatía G. En ambos casos hay mucha controversia fisiopatológica respecto a la vinculación entre la cobalaminopatía y la MAT. Tampoco cabe duda de que la púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT) es un diagnóstico diferencial no infrecuente de las cobalaminopenias adquiridas, con el dilema urgente de indicar o no plasmaféresis sin poder esperar los resultados de ADAMTS 13. En una revisión bibliográfica de 5 años, Ganipisetti y col. (3) encuentran 36 casos de pacientes con cobalaminopenia rotulados, inicial y erróneamente, como PTT, muchos de ellos medicados consecuentemente. Más allá de la presencia de esquistocitos, estos pacientes no tienen ninguna evidencia de PTT ni de MAT. En un comentario sobre un caso de confusión entre anemia megaloblástica y PTT(4) (incorrectamente referida como "trombocitopenia microangiopática") Lämmle y col(5) sugieren (opinión que no comparto) incluir a la MAT como complicación de las cobalaminopenias adquiridas, tal coma ya figuran en las cobalaminopatías C y G. Y Fernández Castañeda y col.(6) publican en Hematología el caso de 3 pacientes con cobalaminopenia a los que rotulan como portadores de una "seudomicroangiopatía trombótica" por el solo hecho de presentar esquistocitos en el frotis. Los hematíes en la circulación se pueden fragmentar por un problema extrínseco (como ocurre, por ejemplo, al quedar enganchados en las redes de fibrina de una MAT) o intrínseco (diversos tipos de eritropatías carenciales o hereditarias). Pero si a todo paciente con esquistocitos en el frotis lo vamos a rotular como "microangiopático trombótico" sin la menor evidencia de microangiopatía ni de trombosis, me parece que estamos en un problema.
Separation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds of Herbal Topical Cream Formulation of Azadirachta indica
Authors: Khatekar Manoj Durgaji  , Sonwane Rushikesh Madhukar  , Shrungare Mohit Diliprao  , Pawar Yuvraj Suresh  , Dr. Kadu Pramod Kerunath
Published: January 2025

The well known tree neem (Azadirachta indica) is a part of the Meliaceae family. The Conventional Restorative Framework employments bark, clears out, blossoms, seeds, oil, and other parts for a assortment of purposes. Neem's pharmacological applications have been the subject of various obvious applications. A exhaustive diagram of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity as depicted in this way distant is given in this article. Catchphrases: phytochemistry, pharmacognosy, neem, Azadirachta indica, pharmacological action, survey Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal disease among animal communities. The major concerns of dermatophytosis are cost oftreatment, difficulty of control, and the public health consequences. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinicalefficacy of Sumaq and Neem extract cream with that of traditional treatments, eniloconazole and glycerine iodine, ondermatophytosis in Arabian horses.
Evaluation of Covid-19-related musculoskeletal pain in healthcare workers during the pandemic
Authors: Mandıroğlu Sibel , Keskin Kavak Songül , Aktekin Lale , Sevingül Burcu
Published: January 2025

Aims: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and musculoskeletal distribution of pain, one of the most frequently encountered complications among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study included healthcare workers who had recovered from COVID-19 at least six months before their inclusion. Demographic data of the participants were collected. Pain levels were assessed with the Visual Analog Scale. The "Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire" was used to measure low back pain and disability levels, which aims to assess how pain affects activities of daily living. The "Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire" interview section was used to assess the level of neuropathic pain.
Results: A total of 101 participants with a mean age of 37.72 ± 1.22 years were included in the study. Of these participants, 78 (77.2%) were female and 23 (22.8%) were male. Of the participants, 32 (31.7%) were physicians, 34 (33.7%) were nurses, and 35 (34.7%) were healthcare workers. The most common areas of pain reported in healthcare workers in our study were the head, lower back, and back. A statistically significant difference was observed in the analysis of Oswestry Scores between different occupational groups (p <0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference between nurses and other healthcare personnel (p = 0.082). However, a significant difference was observed between doctors and nurses (p <0.001) and also between doctors and other healthcare personnel (p = 0.008). The most frequently reported neuropathic symptoms were numbness, pinprick sensations, and tingling.
Conclusion: Our study that examines the location and character of pain in the musculoskeletal system in healthcare workers can support fundamental strategies in the protection of healthcare workers and the continuity of healthcare system delivery. Developing necessary prevention strategies is crucial to prepare healthcare workers for managing future outbreaks.
Which arthroplasty option is superior in hip off-set reconstruction?
Authors: Akçaalan Serhat , Kengil Mehmet Can , Çağlar Ceyhun , Uğurlu Mahmut
Published: January 2025

Aims: Femoroacetabular offset(Hip Off-set) plays a very important role in hip joint stability.In this study, it was aimed to determine whether the three different surgical procedures used in THA applications have any superiority over each other in terms of femoroacetabular offset restoration.
Methods: This study included 220 patients of 249 hips who underwent THA procedures performed by the senior author.These patients were divided into three groups. Group1 operated with conventional femoral stems, Group2 operated with short femoral stem and Group3 operated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. Femoral off-set, acetabular off-set and hip off-set were measured individually by using pre-operative x-ray and immadiate post-operative x-ray of all patients.
Results: There were 70 hips in Group1 , 84 hips in Group2 and 95 hips in Group3. The measurement results of the short-stem THA group were significantly higher than those of the other groups.Groups pre-operative/post-operative femoral offset ; for Group 1 32,7±7,5/37,7±8,5mm , for Group 2 35,7±9,7/37,0±8,4mm and for Group 3 36,8±8,9/41,8±8,4mm . Groups pre-operative/post-operative total offset ; for Group 1 123,8±9,5/120,7±10,5mm ,for Group2 127,3±17,1/122,9±16,6mm and for Group3 130,3±14,3/129,7±10,3mm . When the differences between groups in the changes in the pre-op and post-op offset values were examined,it was found that there were only differences between the femoral measurement results and that the increase of the offset values in Group 2 was statistically significantly smaller than that of the other groups.
Conclusion: Short femoral stem THA or hip resurfacing arthroplasty is a better option for femoral offset reconstruction.
Sarcopenia
Authors: Keskin Kavak Songül , Tan Arif Kenan
Published: January 2025

Sarcopenia is the progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with elderly age. The definition of sarcopenia was first made by Rosenberg et al. in 1989. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1) characterised the condition primarily by low muscle mass. The definition of sarcopenia that has been most widely adopted is that proposed by the EWGSOP1, which was updated in 2019 to become the EWGSOP2. Acute and chronic sarcopenia was included in the EWGSOP2 guideline for the first time. Although there is no consensus on the exact aetiology of sarcopenia, it is widely accepted that the condition is related to the natural ageing process. There are many chronic diseases associated with sarcopenia, including: cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure, parkinson, cognitive impairment, depression, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anorexia and osteoporosis. The assessment of sarcopenia includes a variety of methods and screening tools that are easily accessible and practical. The EWGSOP2 algorithm is delineated as "find–assess–confirm–severity," or F-A-C-S. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, no definitive pharmacological therapy currently exists. Enhanced patient education and adherence to clinical recommendations are pivotal. The most effective strategies for combating sarcopenia involve a combination of nutritional support and resistance–aerobic exercise programs. Further research is needed to explore new pharmacological treatment approaches.
The effect of combined use of oxybutynin and fulguration in children with PUV: experience in a tertiary center in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Ipsita , Sultana Sadia , Huq Umama , Chakraborty Abhi Kumar
Published: January 2025

Aims: Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV) is a common congenital urethral obstruction leading to significant morbidity. Despite successful fulguration of posterior urethral valve, the bladder dysfunction persists in most of the cases. Oxybutynin, an anticholinergic drug is commonly used to manage this bladder dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the impact of oxybutynin on bladder and urinary tract function in children with valve fulguration.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 41 children who underwent PUV fulguration at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2023. All subjects received oxybutynin for at least 6 months post-fulguration. Bladder wall morphology, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and post void residues (PVR) were assessed. Side effects of oxybutynin were also documented.
Results: All patients had bilateral hydroureteronephrosis (HUN), except one, who was with unilateral HUN during primary diagnosis. Complete resolution of bilateral HUN was seen in Renal USG 14 patients at 6 months post fulguration. Correction of VUR documented in 13 units out of 32 units. Mean serum creatinine decreased to 0.52 ± 0.22from 0.73 ± 0.52 within 6 months of fulguration. Four patients exhibited significant PVR, leading to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) initiation.
Conclusion: Combined with PUV fulguration and oxybutynin therapy appears to be effective in improving bladder function. Further prospective studies incorporating urodynamic evaluations are warranted to validate these findings.
Role of intramuscular testosterone therapy for the position of meatus as well as the changes in the degree of chordee on proximal penile hypospadias in children: a non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mahmud Refoyez , Hasan Samiul , Islam Nazmul , Mitul Ashrarur Rahman
Published: January 2025

Aims: The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the changes in meatal position and degree of chordee in
children with proximal penile hypospadias before and after intramuscular testosterone therapy.
Methods: This was a single center, parallel arm, non-randomized clinical trial which was conducted in the surgery out-patient department (SOPD) of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from June 2022 to March 2024 for a period of 22 months. Patients with proximal penile hypospadias attended in SOPD in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute during the study period. Several variables were recorded like position of meatus as well as the degree of chordee. A preparation of testosterone depot, containing testosterone propionate, phenylpropionate, isocaproate, and decanoate, was administered via intramuscular injection in the buttock to a patient with proximal penile hypospadias. The dosage was 2 mg/kg of body weight, following the specified flowchart. If the desired effect was achieved, either by the growth of the penile length proximal to the meatus resulting in a change in the severity from proximal penile to mid/distal penile hypospadias, or by a reduction in the degree of chordee to less than 30°, or both, the testosterone therapy was discontinued.
Results: A total number of 20 children presented with hypospadias were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. The mean age with the SD of the study population was 42.10±25.37 months. All the position of the
meatus of the study population were in the proximal position which was 20((100.0%) cases before intramuscular testosterone therapy. However. After the therapy, the proximal position was found in 10(50.0%) cases and mid position was in 10(50.0%) cases (p=0.002). During testosterone therapy, the mean with the SD of degree of chordee was 55.0±8.73 mm and 43.25±14.26 mm in before and after intramuscular testosterone injection respectively (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: In conclusion the degree of chordee is significantly change before and after intramuscular testosterone injection.
Nuclear medicine approaches in the field of oncologic pediatric surgery and review the risk factors for pediatric thyroid nodules
Authors: Bıçakcı Nilüfer , Silov Güler , Bıçakcı Ünal , Batı Fatih , Kırtıloğlu Banu
Published: January 2025

Imaging methods used in nuclear medicine are non-invasive and can be applied to all pediatric age groups, including the neonatal period. F-18 FDG-PET/CT is used for staging, evaluation of treatment response, detection of metastases, and follow-up of various pediatric malignancies. In addition, the incidence of thyroid cancer in childhood has recently increased. In this review, we examined the F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging method that guide the management of the most common malignancies in children. We also discuss in detail the risk factors used in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer frequently encountered by pediatric surgeons.
A rare case of primary pulmonary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children
Authors: Şahan Mehmet Hamdi , Eseoğlu Şeyma , Akşamoğlu Melih
Published: January 2025

Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adolescence and young adults. Histologically, rhabdomyosarcoma has many subgroups, including embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas. More than 50% of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas occur in the head and neck region. The retroperitoneum and pelvis are less common sites of involvement. Primary pulmonary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare. A 3-year-old girl presented with symptoms of cough and shortness of breath. A mass lesion with regular contours, approximately 3x3 cm in size, containing millimetric air densities within, and having soft tissue density was detected in the upper lobe of the right lung. According to the results of bronchoscopy and biopsy, a right thoracotomy and right upper lobectomy were performed with the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. We present a case whose pathology confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
In medias res: Sobre la omisión de la cultura como Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y su repercusión en El Salvador
Authors: Meyer Pacheco Claudia Reneé
Published: January 2025

The challenge of defining culture, in its various dimensions, complicates the formulation of public policies, as the lack of consensus around this issue makes it difficult to define indicators to measure its impact on sustainable development. Although it is a source of creativity and contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), culture is dynamic and diverse, which makes its quantitative measurement problematic. Prior to this, the very lack of a cultural policy and of tools to visualize the composition and dimension of the cultural sector hinders the measurement and valorization of cultural assets. On the other hand, from the point of view of state governance, public policies should ideally be aligned with the SDGs. However, in the Salvadoran context, efforts to promote culture, creative industries or the creative economy often lack continuity and systematization, thus limiting sustainable and inclusive development.
GESTÃO DE OPERAÇÕES LOGÍSTICAS: ANÁLISE E DISCUSSÃO DOS DESAFIOS DAS EMPRESAS NA ATUALIDADE NA CONCILIAÇÃO ENTRE AS OPERAÇÕES LOGÍSTICAS E O ATENDIMENTO EFICAZ DOS CLIENTES
Authors: Antônio da Cruz Gilberto
Published: January 2025

The transformations in consumer consumption patterns have made it necessary for companies to adapt to this scenario, especially with regard to structuring an assertive and effective logistics network. Therefore, this article sought to present and discuss the main trends and practices adopted by the logistics sector in the post-pandemic context, as a consequence of changes in consumer profiles and the growing focus on offering consumer experiences that satisfy and retain customers, enabling business sustainability.
Determining the Least Risky Solar Radiation Transposition Model for Estimating Global Inclined Solar Irradiation
Authors: Aqila Abdulhafiz Ahmed Aqila , Nassar Yasser , El-Khozondar Hala
Published: January 2025

Solar energy is considered one of the most important energy resources and a key component in addressing major energy challenges worldwide. Therefore, solar radiation data is crucial for many solar energy applications. Due to the lack of measurements at times due to logistical challenges, mathematical transposition models are often used to compensate for this deficiency. This paper presents an analytical study to identify the least risky transposition model for estimating solar radiation on inclined surfaces among six commonly used models in scientific literature, for several regions around the world (Berlin, Rome, Tripoli, N'Djamena, Yandou). Total horizontal solar radiation intensity data was obtained from the Solargis platform for the study regions, carefully selected to represent latitude variations and longitudinal alignment. The proposed approach was applied to these regions for six transposition models and multiple different tilt angles ranging from (90°-10°) to determine the least risky model for use in each region at each solar panel tilt angle. The study results show significant variation among the studied regions, with a notable difference in annual inclined solar radiation values between regions using transposition models, with the discrepancy increasing at higher latitudes. The results indicate that the Perez model is the least risky and dominant model in Tripoli, while in Berlin, the Liu & Jordan model was the least risky at tilt angles between 40°-10°, with the Perez model being the least risky at tilt angles greater than 40°. This study is expected to enhance the accuracy of solar radiation estimation, thus bolstering confidence in assessing the economic and environmental efficiency of solar energy systems.
Enhance Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System Performance by Using Nanofluid
Authors: Hamoudah Khalid , Etaig Saleh , Elabeedy Esam
Published: January 2025

High temperatures significantly degrade the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels, particularly in hot regions. To mitigate this issue, hybrid PV/thermal systems have emerged, combining PV panels with thermal collectors. These systems utilize a cooling fluid to remove excess heat from the PV panels, improving their efficiency and enabling the recovery of thermal energy. This study investigates the potential of nanofluids as a superior cooling medium for hybrid PV/thermal systems. Nanofluids, engineered suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, offer enhanced thermal properties compared to conventional fluids. A numerical analysis using the finite volume method (FVM) based on Ansys software / CFD fluent was conducted to simulate the performance of a hybrid PV/thermal system under hot weather conditions. The study focused on natural convection cooling, eliminating the need for pumps and reducing energy consumption. Results indicate that decreasing the inlet velocity of the nanofluid significantly reduced the surface temperature of the PV panels. A reduction in inlet velocity to 0.0001 m/s led to a 4.5 K decrease in surface temperature, while a velocity of 0.00005 m/s resulted in a 6 K decrease. Conversely, the temperature of the nanofluid outlet increased by 16 K and 30 K for the respective velocities, signifying enhanced heat extraction. These findings demonstrate that optimizing the flow rate of the nanofluid can significantly improve the electrical and thermal performance of hybrid PV/thermal systems. This research contributes to the development of more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.
Study the Influences of Both (NaOH and KOH) at Different Electrolyte Concentrations and Times on Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis Process
Authors: Saleh Namah , May Mousa
Published: January 2025

There are various ways to reduce emissions harmful to the environment, including carbon dioxide gas produced from different industries that depend on fossil fuels, which is considered a non-renewable energy sources that will end one day. Recently, there has been a strong focus on finding alternative and renewable ways to produce energy. One of these ways is to use hydrogen as a resource for many applications, including the most important electricity generation. This study deals with the mechanism of hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water, which was represented by the use of a model of the electrolysis cell, through which factors affecting the amount of hydrogen produced such as time, concentration, and electrolyte type. Two different catalysts (electrolyte type) were employed in this study, namely sodium hydroxide NaOH and potassium hydroxide KOH, they were used as electrolysis in order to evaluate the levels of hydrogen production. Experimental results showed that the potassium hydroxide catalyst was better than the sodium hydroxide, due to the activity of potassium ion in the electrolyte medium, which plays an important role in the dissolution process and hydrogen production. The best amount of hydrogen gas production was (140 ml) at 3 minutes, 4 amperes, 10 volts, and a concentration of 5 g/L of KOH. Faradaic efficiency was used to evaluate hydrogen production in both electrolysis mediums. The experimental results showed that the highest Faraday efficiency was 0.179% at a concentration of 5 g/L.
Women's Empowerment and Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Econometric Analysis of South Asian Countries
Authors: Mushtaq Bushra , Muhammad Afzal
Published: January 2025

This research paper analyzes the impact of women’s empowerment (WE) on vulnerability to climate change (VCC) in South Asian countries from 1995-2023. To the best of our knowledge, no study has empirically examined the importance of WE in resilience strategies following a climate shock. This article contributes to the literature by employing the second-generation econometric analysis of the gender-climate nexus and exploring the significance of gender in adaptive policy. We use a Cross-sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model’s co-integration technique which shows; (i) WE along with its components (women’s civil empowerment, social empowerment, political empowerment, and economic empowerment) reduces VCC by the inclusion of women in climate leadership and decision-making processes. (ii) Gender intersectionality significantly impacts the relationship between WE and VCC in climate adaptation through the transmission channels of human resource development, governance, and social and economic resilience. The robustness of these findings has been tested through the Wester Lund cointegration test, and the Dumitrescu Hurlin Granger causality test has been used to explore causality among the variables. The study highlights the significance of institutional resilience and Gender-responsive climate policies. Furthermore, the participation of women in civil, economic, political, and administrative decisions may improves adaptation to climate change.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice based Study on Extreme Weather Events in Pakistan
Authors: Batool Aqsa , Gul E Zahra  , Ishaq Dr. Ghulam
Published: January 2025

Climate change is the global threat, and Pakistan is the eighth most affected country from the climate change. The study analyzes the status of knowledge, attitude and practice about extreme weather events among general population in Pakistan. The data is collected using cross sectional design from participants (n=266), including female (n=142) and male (n=124). Descriptive statistics are presented, and the findings reveal that 88% of participants had good knowledge about extreme weather events, its threats and potential impacts. More than 50% of participants depicted good attitude to learn about extreme weather events and 93% participants engaged in good practices to mitigate the threats of extreme weather events. The Chi-Square test shows that gender and area are significantly associated with extreme weather events on the basis of knowledge, attitude and practice. The study suggests that state agencies and other non-governmental bodies should introduce environmental interventions and pragmatic measures to raise awareness among participants to cope with extreme weather events.
Maternal Health Legal Frameworks And Policy Implementation For Climate Change Adaptation In Pakistan
Authors: Hira Khurshid  , Bokhari Arooj
Published: January 2025

Climate change debate generally ignores intersectionality despite its intense challenges to the wellbeing and maternal health of women in Pakistan where socio-economic inequalities intersect with climatic vulnerabilities. This study examines Pakistan's legal framework concerning the protection of wellbeing and maternal health of women in the context of climate change adaptation with the help of a qualitative approach. The paper emphasizes the intersectionality of environmental and gender-related issues through a comprehensive review of Climate Change Policies of Pakistan, amplified by analytical, empirical and reform-oriented research. It also identifies challenges to effective implementation, including gender-based inequalities, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to healthcare resources and less involvement of women in decision-making. To sum up, this research highlights the necessity of incorporating gender-sensitive perspectives into climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Consequently, this will not only safeguard the well-being of women but also contribute to sustainable development in the country. The policymakers can help protect maternal health by advocating for gender-responsive approaches, improved healthcare access, and community-based adaptation strategies,. Moreover, this paper suggests policy recommendations to address these challenges and strengthen women's resilience to climate change impacts.
Leveraging Gender Inclusion and Partnerships in Reducing the Impacts of Climate Change in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsakin Oluwasegun
Published: January 2025

Millions of people are in danger of climatic and natural disasters because Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa, is among the top ten most vulnerable to climate change. The impacts of climate change have resulted in a food crisis, the conflict between herders and farmers, violence against women and girls, and other negative issues. This study examines leveraging gender inclusion and partnerships to reduce the impacts of climate change in Northern Nigeria. Literature and reports indicate that the Northern region of Nigeria has the most vulnerabilities to climate change as the region experiences high levels of desertification, heat waves, and poor and extreme rainfalls. Meanwhile, building a common gender inclusion will accelerate the reduction of the impacts of climate change in the region. This study adopted the qualitative research method whereby data are sourced from the consultation of literature, articles, government reports, and the Internet. Findings from the study indicated that the national government policy will be successfully implemented when there is gender inclusion and partnership. However, challenges have impeded the inclusion of women and localization in implementing climate change policy in Nigeria. The study concludes and recommends that national policy on adaptation programming that is targeted at being gender-responsive, inclusive, and aware of the connections with other development agendas should be incorporated in reducing the impacts of climate change in Northern Nigeria.
Envisioning A Resilient Pakistan Gender, Intersectionality And Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad
Published: January 2025

According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), approximately 90% of climate-related deaths occur in poorer/developing countries, underscoring the urgent need for effective adaptation and risk reduction efforts (UNDRR, 2021). Adversities of climate change in Pakistan—a nation in south Asia with ~241 million people—are not a news now! Pakistan, frequently hit by several natural hazards including floods, droughts, earthquakes, and extreme heatwaves, is a country that is highly vulnerable to various disasters (Khoshnazar et al., 2023). The country's geographical diversity also contributes to its vulnerability to natural hazards. Consequently, the nation is often cited to be among the top ten countries most vulnerable to climate change, frequently experiencing devastating damages in terms of social impacts, economic adversities, and long-lasting infrastructural disruptions. For instance, the catastrophic floods of 2022 displaced millions and caused extensive damage to infrastructure and livelihoods across Pakistan (Akhtar et al., 2023). Historical events, including the 2005 earthquake and the 2010 floods, have further exposed systemic vulnerabilities in disaster preparedness and response in Pakistan.
Le problème inverse et les techniques de restitution des variables atmosphériques
Authors: PIERANGELO Clémence
Published: January 2025

Après le calcul du spectre atmosphérique en fonction de l’état de l’atmosphère et de la surface, via l’équation de transfert radiatif, le problème inverse consiste à estimer les variables atmosphériques (profil de température, d’humidité, concentration des gaz absorbants, propriétés des nuages ou aérosols…) à partir d’un spectre mesuré. Ce chapitre a pour objectif de présenter succinctement les principales techniques utilisées.
Aspects mécanistiques et cinétiques du vieillissement oxydant
Authors: RICHAUD Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Les polymères peuvent subir un vieillissement thermo-oxydant que l’on peut décrire comme un mécanisme radicalaire en chaine. Celui–ci résulte en la formation de composés stables (carbonyles, alcools), de coupures de chaines et/ou de réticulation. Dans les matériaux épais, la consommation de l’oxygène dans les processus oxydants s’accompagne d’un couplage avec les phénomènes de diffusion. Ces phénomènes sont décrits dans ce chapitre, ainsi que les bases des modèles cinétiques qui permettent la prédiction de la durée de vie.
Étude mécanistique de la photoet de la thermo-oxydation du polyéthylène
Authors: THÉRIAS Sandrine , GARDETTE Jean-Luc
Published: January 2025

Ce chapitre présente les mécanismes de photo- et de thermo-oxydation du polyéthylène. Les principaux traceurs des phénomènes d’oxydation sont rappelés, ainsi que la plupart des méthodes usuelles de suivi du vieillissement. Il aborde également les questions portant sur la représentativité des essais de vieillissement accéléré, en particulier lié à l’élévation d’intensité lumineuse.
(Bio)dégradation marine des polyhydroxyalcanoates et des polylactides
Authors: DEROINÉ Morgan , LE DUIGOU Antoine , BRUZAUD Stéphane
Published: January 2025

Le chapitre décrit l’influence des facteurs intrinsèques (relatifs au polymère) et extrinsèques (liés au milieu) sur la dégradation des polyesters susceptible de se manifester aux différentes échelles (macroscopique, microscopique et moléculaire). Il se focalise essentiellement sur deux types de polyesters : les polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) et les polylactides (PLA) qui font partie des polymères parmi les plus étudiés et les plus prometteurs puisqu’ils peuvent être à la fois biosourcés et biodégradables dans certaines conditions.
Exploration de la neurocognition de l’activité de conception
Authors: MILOVANOVIC Julie
Published: January 2025

Les travaux de recherche sur l’analyse des processus de conception par la cognition sont riches. L’accès facilité aux outils de mesures physiologiques et neurophysiologiques apporte une nouvelle dimension à la recherche en sciences de la conception. Dans ce chapitre, nous abordons les enjeux et potentiels de ces approches à travers un panorama large de travaux alliant conception et neurocognition.
Les représentations graphiques en conception et participation
Authors: SAFIN Stéphane
Published: January 2025

Ce chapitre adresse la question des représentations graphiques en conception. Il aborde les fonctions cognitives de l’acte de représenter en conception et le rôle médiateur des représentations dans les activités de conception individuelles et collectives, propose une taxonomie des modes de représentation graphiques en architecture, et décrit les enjeux représentationnels de la participation des usagers et citoyens dans les projets d’architecture.
Recherche d’information en conception architecturale et modélisation paramétrique
Authors: DISSAUX Thomas , SAFIN Stéphane
Published: January 2025

Ce chapitre explore l'impact de la recherche d'information en conception architecturale. Le modèle Information et Conception met en lumière la complexité de l'intégration de l'information dans le processus de conception et considère l'importance des outils à l'ère du numérique. La conception paramétrique est considérée plus particulièrement. Représentative de cette évolution par sa complexité et son nouveau mode de pensée, elle illustre comment différents comportements de recherche d'information peuvent influencer la conception.
Upper-tropospheric pollutants observed by MIPAS: geographic and seasonal variations
Authors: Glatthor Norbert , Stiller Gabriele P. , von Clarmann Thomas , Funke Bernd , Kellmann Sylvia , Linden Andrea
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We present a global climatology of upper-tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and formic acid (HCOOH) obtained from observations of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) between 2002 and 2012. At northern midlatitudes and high latitudes, the biomass burning tracer HCN, but also CO, PAN, and HCOOH, exhibit maxima during spring and/or summer and minima during winter. On the contrary, maximum northern extratropical C2H2 and C2H6 amounts were measured during winter and spring, and minimum values were measured during summer and fall. In the tropics and subtropics, enhanced amounts of all pollutants were observed during all seasons, especially widespread and up to southern midlatitudes during austral spring. Other characteristic features are eastward transport of anthropogenic C2H6 and of biogenic HCOOH from Central and North America in boreal summer, accumulation of pollutants in the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA), and enhanced C2H2 over southeastern Asia in boreal winter. Clear indication of biogenic release of HCOOH was also found above tropical South America and Africa. A global correlation analysis of the other pollutants with HCN corroborates common release by biomass burning as a source of the widespread southern hemispheric pollution during austral spring. Furthermore, high correlation with HCN points to biomass burning as a major source of tropical and subtropical C2H2 and PAN during most of the year. In the northern extratropics, there are generally low correlations with HCN during spring and early summer, indicating the influence of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. However, in August, there are stronger correlations above Siberia and boreal North America, which points to common release by boreal fires. This is confirmed by the respective enhancement ratios (ERs). The ERs measured above northeastern Africa fit well to the emission ratios of the dominant local fire type (savanna burning) for C2H2, while those for CO, C2H6, and HCOOH rather indicate tropical forest fires or additional anthropogenic or biogenic sources. The southern hemispheric ΔC2H6/ΔHCN ERs obtained during August to October are in good agreement with the emission ratio for savanna fires. The same applies for ΔC2H2/ΔHCN in August and for ΔHCN/ΔCO and ΔHCOOH/ΔHCN in October.
A framework for three-dimensional dynamic modeling of mountain glaciers in the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM v2.2)
Authors: Minallah Samar , Lipscomb William , Leguy Gunter , Zekollari Harry
Published: January 2025

Abstract. It is essential to improve our understanding of mountain glaciers and their effects on sea level, ecosystems, and freshwater resources in a changing climate. To this end, we implemented a framework for three-dimensional, high-resolution, regional-scale glacier simulations in the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM v2.2), using higher-order ice-flow dynamics previously applied to the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Here, we present the modeling framework and its application to the European Alps glaciers at a 100-meter resolution, using protocols from the third phase of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project (GlacierMIP3). The model results align well with observations and other glacier models, showing that Alpine glaciers will lose nearly half of their present-day area and volume under current climate conditions, with a near-total ice loss expected in warmer scenarios. This new development integrates glacier and ice sheet systems in a common modeling framework and will support advances in coupled land ice – Earth system assessments across timescales in the Community Earth System Model (CESM).
Evaluating ocean alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the North Sea
Authors: Liu Feifei , Daewel Ute , Kossack Jan , Demir Kubilay Timur , Thomas Helmuth , Schrum Corinna
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is a climate mitigation strategy aimed at increasing the ocean’s capacity to absorb and store atmospheric CO2. The effect of OAE depends significantly on local physical conditions, underscoring the importance of selecting optimal locations for alkalinity addition. Using a regional coupled physical-biogeochemical-carbon model, we examine OAE responses in the North Sea, including CO2 uptake potential, enhanced carbon storage and cross-shelf export, and the associated changes in the carbonate chemistry. Alkalinity is continuously added as a surface flux in three distinct regions of the North Sea. Our simulations show that the Norwegian Trench and the Skagerrak serve as sinks for added alkalinity, reducing its interaction with the atmosphere. Alkalinity addition along shallow eastern coasts results in a higher CO2 uptake efficiency (~0.79 mol CO2 uptake per mol alkalinity addition) than offshore addition in ship-accessible areas (~0.66 mol CO2 uptake per mol alkalinity addition), as offshore alkalinity is more susceptible to deep-ocean loss. Long-term carbon storage, measured by excess carbon accumulation in deep ocean layers and cross-shelf export below permanent pycnoclines, is similar across the three scenarios, accounting for less than 10 % of total excess CO2 uptake. The smallest changes in pH occur when alkalinity is added offshore, with effects nearly an order of magnitude lower than alkalinity addition in the shallow German Exclusive Economic Zone, where pH increases from 8.1 to 8.4. The model's resolution (~4.5 km in coastal areas) limits its ability to capture rapid, localized carbonate responses, leading to a nearly tenfold underestimation of chemical perturbations. Thus, finer-scale models are needed to accurately assess near-source alkalinity impacts.
Long history paddy rice mapping across Northeast China with deep learning and annual result enhancement method
Authors: Zhang Zihui , Xia Lang , Zhao Fen , Gu Yue , Yang Jing , Zha Yan , Wu Shangrong , Yang Peng
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Northeast China, a significant production base for paddy rice, has received lots of attention in crop mapping. However, understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of paddy rice expansion in this region remains limited, making it difficult to track the changes in paddy rice planting over time. For the first time, this study utilized multi-sensor Landsat data and a deep learning model, the full resolution network (FR-Net), to explore the annual mapping of paddy rice for Northeast China from 1985 to 2023 (available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27604839.v1, Zhang et al., 2024). First, a cross-sensor paddy training dataset comprising 155 Landsat images was created to map the paddy rice. Then, we developed the annual result enhancement (ARE) method, which considers the differences in category probability of FR-Net at different stages to diminish the impact of the limited training sample in large-scale and across-sensors paddy rice mapping. The accuracy of the paddy rice dataset was evaluated using 107954 ground truth samples. In comparison to traditional rice mapping methods, the results obtained using the ARE method showed a 6 % increase in the F1 score. The overall mapping result obtained from the FR-Net model and ARE methods achieved high user accuracy (UA), producer accuracy (PA), F1 score, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) values of 0.92, 0.95, 0.93, and 0.81, respectively. The study revealed that the area used for paddy rice cultivation in Northeast China increased from 1.11×104 km2 to 6.45×104 km2. Between 1985 and 2023, there was an overall expansion of 5.34×104 km2 in the paddy rice cultivation area, with the highest growth (4.33×104 km2) occurring in Heilongjiang province. This study shows that long-history crop mapping could be achieved with deep learning, and the result of paddy rice will be beneficial for making timely adjustments to cultivation patterns and ensuring food security.
High-resolution 4D electrical resistivity tomography and below-ground point sensor monitoring of High Arctic deglaciated sediments capture zero-curtain effects, freeze–thaw transitions, and mid-winter thawing
Authors: Cimpoiasu Mihai O. , Kuras Oliver , Harrison Harry , Wilkinson Paul B. , Meldrum Philip , Chambers Jonathan E. , Liljestrand Dane , Oroza Carlos , Schmidt Steven K. , Sommers Pacifica , Vimercati Lara , Irons Trevor P. , Lyu Zhou , Solon Adam , Bradley James A.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Arctic regions are under immense pressure from a continuously warming climate. During the winter and shoulder seasons, recently deglaciated sediments are particularly sensitive to human-induced warming. Understanding the physical mechanisms and processes that determine soil liquid moisture availability contributes to the way we conceptualize and understand the development and functioning of terrestrial Arctic ecosystems. However, harsh weather and logistical constraints limit opportunities to directly observe subsurface processes year-round; hence automated and uninterrupted strategies of monitoring the coupled heat and water movement in soils are essential. Geoelectrical monitoring using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has proven to be an effective method to capture soil moisture distribution in time and space. ERT instrumentation has been adapted for year-round operation in high-latitude weather conditions. We installed two geoelectrical monitoring stations on the forefield of a retreating glacier in Svalbard, consisting of semi-permanent surface ERT arrays and co-located soil sensors, which track seasonal changes in soil electrical resistivity, moisture, and temperature in 3D. One of the stations observes recently exposed sediments (5–10 years since deglaciation), whilst the other covers more established sediments (50–60 years since deglaciation). We obtained a 1-year continuous measurement record (October 2021–September 2022), which produced 4D images of soil freeze–thaw transitions with unprecedented detail, allowing us to calculate the velocity of the thawing front in 3D. At its peak, this was found to be 1 m d−1 for the older sediments and 0.4 m d−1 for the younger sediments. Records of soil moisture and thermal regime obtained by sensors help define the conditions under which snowmelt takes place. Our data reveal that the freeze–thaw shoulder period, during which the surface soils experienced the zero-curtain effect, lasted 23 d at the site closer to the glacier but only 6 d for the older sediments. Furthermore, we used unsupervised clustering to classify areas of the soil volume according to their electrical resistivity coefficient of variance, which enables us to understand spatial variations in susceptibility to water-phase transition. Novel insights into soil moisture dynamics throughout the spring melt will help parameterize models of biological activity to build a more predictive understanding of newly emerging terrestrial landscapes and their impact on carbon and nutrient cycling.