bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING PAKISTAN THROUGH LITERATURE: AN APPRAISAL OF SOME RECENT WORKS
Authors: Parray Tauseef Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Pakistan, the second most populous Muslim country after Indonesia, came into existence on 14th August, 1947, after the division of ‘British ruled’ India (into India and Pakistan). From its inception to present, Pakistan covers a tumultuous history of over seven decades (1947-2019). Among the South Asian countries, no quantum of scholarship has been produced on any country—its history, religion (and religious ideology), politics, society, economy, and other inter-related issue—than Pakistan. This has continued in the last as well as present century. From 2010 onwards, numerous works have been published on religion, politics, military, and other aspects of Pakistan. This review essay, in this framework, presents an assessment of three (3) important works, published in between 2012 and 2014, so that to get clues of the various aspects of Pakistan. Following a descriptive-cum-comparative methodological approach, the books assessed and examined are: Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A New History (2012); Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (2013); and Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (2014). This assessment helps us in understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted (by different scholars) in studying Pakistan. The major argument put forth is that such an appraisal helps us not only in understanding the history of Pakistan, but in analyzing the issues and challenges Pakistan has faced, and is facing—be they religious, political, or related to military and security, etc.
BREAK THE CHAIN OF TERRORISM THROUGH DERADICALIZATION OF (FORMER) TERRORISTS’ CHILDREN: NARRATION FROM AL-HIDAYAH PESANTREN, MEDAN
Authors: Gayatri Erin , Kosasih Kustini
Published: November 2019

Many countries strongly rely on deradicalization path to solve terrorism catastrophe. However, they mostly still focus on the terrorists themselves and lack of attention to the people around them particularly their children. While in some local to the international cases of terrorism, children have involved actively in those acts. This article delivers a significant instance on how to avert the new generation of terrorism particularly from the kinship path. This article focuses on an Islamic boarding school or pesantren (Al-Hidayah) run by a former terrorist (Al-Ghazali) with the main purpose is deradicalization program towards the terrorists’ children. This article is based on the field research, the collecting of the data using depth interview as the primer data and exposure some references as the secondary data. This article found that deradicalization towards terrorist’s children is better under the education platform or pesantren, because it provides two things; firstly, children can gain their right to reach the education after they were marginalized even excluded from their former school. Secondly, it becomes a new home for the children where support the way to apply deradicalization program through the formal model (within the class) and informal model (out the class). There are four significant prograsm that Al-Hidayah pesantren applied namely a green school, life skill, tahfiz class, and trauma healing. Generally, it is success as a curative and preventive action. Although the pesantren receives some financial supports from the government and some other parties, it still struggles to raise more funds to provide free education for its student.
Adsorpsi Logam Ni dan Cu pada Limbah Cair Laboratorium Kimia menggunakan Biosorben Batang Jagung Termodifikasi Asam Sitrat
Authors: Yulianti Eny , Mahmudah RIf'atul , Ma'rifah Ainul , Azmiyani Ulal
Published: November 2019

Corn stalk contains 40-50% cellulose, 20-40% hemicellulose, 4-15% lignin which had potential as biosorbent in binding metal ions. In this study, demineralization and modification by adding citric acid (1.5 M and 2 M) of corn stalk were conducted to convert hydroxyl groups into carboxylic. Then, it was analyzed its functional groups using Boehm titration and FTIR. The modified corn stalk was applied directly to chemical laboratory liquid waste which contains multicomponent of heavy metal ions. By modifying the corn stalk, the number of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups increased, but the number of lactone group was constant. The success of the modification was characterized by the appearance of ester uptake at 1734 cm-1 and increased adsorption ability. The variations in the concentration of citric acid in modification corn stalk showed that biosorbent with addition 1.5 M citric acid had higher in the number of acid site than addition 2 M citric acid to absorb Ni and Cu.

 
 Keywords: Corn stalk, citric acid, biosorbent, functional group

 

 

Batang jagung mengandung sekitar 40-50% selulosa, 20-40% hemiselulosa, 4-15% lignin yang berpotensi sebagai biosorben pengikat ion logam. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan demineralisasi dan modifikasi dengan penambahan asam sitrat (1,5 M dan 2 M) untuk mengubah gugus hidroksil pada selulosa membentuk karboksilat. Selanjutnya, dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan titrasi Boehm dan FTIR. Hasil modifikasi diaplikasikan langsung pada limbah cair laboratorium kimia yang mengandung banyak jenis ion logam berat. Biosorben batang jagung setelah dimodifikasi mengalami peningkatan jumlah gugus fungsi hidroksil dan karboksilat, tetapi gugus lakton tetap. Keberhasilan modifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya serapan ester pada 1734 cm-1 dan peningkatan kemampuan adsorpsi. Dari hasil variasi konsentrasi asam sitrat diperoleh informasi bahwa biosorben dengan penambahan asam sitrat 1,5 M mempunyai situs asam lebih tinggi dan mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi terhadap ion logam Ni dan Cu lebih besar dibanding penambahan asam sitrat 2 M.

 

Kata kunci:  Batang jagung, asam sitrat, biosorben, gugus fungsi
PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK KORBAN TINDAK KEJAHATAN PERKOSAAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF (Studi Kasus Di Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Anak (P2TP2A) Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Zuhriah Erfaniah , Aliyah Himma
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada bagaimana proses pendampingan rehabilitasi korban perkosaan dan pemenuhan hak-hak korban dalam mewujudkan keadilan restoratif di pusat pelayanan terpadu pemberdayaan perempuan dan anak (P2TP2A). Penelitian dikatagorikan sebagai jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa proses pendampingan rehabilitasi di P2TP2A, pertama penerimaan atau pengajuan laporan kekerasan seksual; kedua, Identifikasi dan Registrasi; ketiga, Assesmen (pemeriksaan); keempat, Pelayanan Rehabilitasi; dan kelima, Advokasi dan Pembelaan Hukum. Selanjutnya juga dilakukan Pembinaan Mental dan Spiritual, Pembinaan Sosial dan Psikologis, dan Pembinaan Keterampilan/kreatifitas terhadap korban perkosaan. Dalam mewujudkan keadilan restoratif, P2TP2A tidak hanya mangandalkan pendampingan hukum positif sebagai kemaslahatan pada korbaan perkosaan, akan tetapi secara khusus menitik beratkan pada pemulihan hak-hak korban perkosaan yang hilang dalam beberapa aspek. Pertama aspek pencegahan atau preventif; kedua aspek Litigasi; ketiga aspek terapi; dan keempat aspek rehabilitasi, sebagai usaha untuk memperoleh fungsi dan penyesuaian diri secara maksimal dalam kehidupannya dimasa mendatang.

 Kata Kunci: Keadilan Restoratif; Rehabilitasi; Tindak Kejahatan Perkosaan.
HAK-HAK SUAMI DALAM TEKS-TEKS RELIGIUS DAN DISHARMONI MODERNITAS
Authors: Munjiah Ma’rifatul , Hidayah Yusti Rohmatul
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki validitas hadis sanad dan matan serta implikasi hukumnya tentang hak suami dalam teks agama dan ketidakharmonisan modern. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah pencarian data literatur, baik berupa sumber data primer, sekunder atau bahkan data yang tersier. Kemudian data dipahami dengan menggunakan an-naqd ad-dakhili dan an-naqd al-khariji untuk melihat validitas hadis hak suami dalam teks agama dan ketidakharmonisan modern. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan pada an-naqd al-khariji, hadits adalah dhaeef karena transmisinya sedang dimatikan; dan berdasarkan pada an-naqd ad-dakhili adalah hadits adalah dhaeef karena bertentangan dengan konsep muasyarah bil ma'ruf yang menekankan keberadaan makna dan kesepakatan dalam kaitannya dengan suami yang baik - yang hidup dalam kebutuhan biologis dan non biologis.

Kata kunci: hak suami, teks agama, sanad, matan, implikasi
Influential Behavioral Factors on Retirement Planning Behavior: The Case of Malaysia
Authors: Kimiyagahlam Fatemeh , Safari Meysam , Mansori Shaheen
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this research is to identify the behavioral factors which have an effect on retirement planning behavior. The study applies the theory of planned behavior and time perspective theory as a basis for the analysis of data by the structural equation modeling technique from a sample of 900 adults in Kelang Valley, Malaysia. The results of structural equation modeling show that financial literacy, propensity to plan, and future orientation are directly associated with retirement planning behavior. The saving attitude is also found to partially mediate these relationships. However, family education and materialism are not associated with retirement planning. Implications for researchers and practitioners are presented.
Factors Associated With Hiring and Firing Financial Advisors During the Great Recession
Authors: Cheng Yuanshan , Kalenkoski Charlene M. , Gibson Philip
Published: November 2019

From 2007 to 2009, the U.S. economy went through a deep economic downturn which is popularly known as the Great Recession. It resulted in a significant loss of wealth for many investors. While some investors sought the advice of financial advisors; others did not. This study examines the economic situation of households using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and analyzes the financial advisor–client relationship during the Great Recession to determine who fired or hired a financial advisor during this period. The results indicate that losing money, measured by a decrease net worth, was not the main reason why clients fired their financial advisor during the Great Recession. Interestingly, the results also show that experiencing a decrease in net worth was not the main reason why individuals pursued the services of a financial adviser during this period. Instead, current income and an increase in income were the primary factors that impacted the client–advisor relationship during the financial crisis. These results are consistent with consumer demand theory in which financial services are a normal good that people purchase less of when their income falls.
Improving Self-Control Through Financial Counseling: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tumataroa Shannon , O'Hare David
Published: November 2019

The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes. There has been less research on its potential impacts on cognitive outcomes. The present study investigated whether an existing financial counseling intervention could help people improve their deliberative cognitive capacity. A community sample of participants in Auckland, New Zealand who identified that they wanted to better manage their money were randomly assigned to a month-long financial counseling intervention or a wait-list control group. Results showed that participants exposed to the intervention had a greater improvement in self-control than participants in the control group, and that self-control improved more for people with a low income than a high income. Financial counseling interventions may impart broader cognitive benefits that help people escape further financial hardship.
Combining Financial Education With Mathematics Coursework: Findings From a Pilot Study
Authors: Dituri Philip , Davidson Andrew , Marley-Payne Jack
Published: November 2019

Recent research has shown that two forms of education intervention significantly improve financial outcomes: rigorous, in-depth personal finance courses and additional mathematics coursework. This suggests that a mathematics course that offered systematic, in-depth applications to personal finance could be particularly effective. In this article, we summarize the results from a pilot of such a course, and demonstrate how it is motivated by recent literature, despite being a type of course that has so far not been studied thoroughly. We then present the results of our preliminary impact assessment and show how financial knowledge and confidence improve significantly after taking the course. We discuss how this indicates that such an approach is a promising strategy for improving financial outcomes.
Efisiensi dan Kinerja Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Addury Multazam Mansyur
Published: November 2019

Abstract - This study aims to analyze the effect of efficiency on the performance of Islamic banking by using market share as a moderator variable. The data  which are used in this study are 7 Sharia Commercial Banks in the annual form from the period of 2014 to 2018. The data analysis technique uses is the analysis of panel data regression. The results of this research prove that, first, the efficiency of Islamic banking has a significant influence on the performance of Islamic banking. Second, the market share of Islamic banks has no significant impact in moderating the relationship between the efficiency and the performance of Islamic banks.
Keywords: Efficiency, Performance, Market Share, Islamic Banks
Preferences in Senior High School Tracks of the Grade 10 Students
Authors: Moneva Jerald C. , Malbas Marsha H.
Published: November 2019

There are many influences that affect the preferences of grade 10 students in choosing a track to proceed to senior high school. Likewise, this study aims to identify influence of preference of a Senior High School track that is commonly encountered by the Grade 10 students in terms of Gender, Socio-Economic Status, Average academic grades, nature of parent’s occupation; and, strand and the level of influence of the respondent  to be associated with preferences in choosing a track in senior high school in terms of family influence-decision; peer influence; financial condition; and employability. The research tool was a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed of respondent’s profile and 10 statements to be rated. The factors fairly influence preferences of the senior high school.   In terms of gender, male students consider their socio-economic status and their parent’s occupation as factors in choosing their track in Senior High School while female students consider their peers as a factor in choosing a track in Senior High School.
The Employment of Metaphor and Simile in Selected Siswati Poetry
Authors: Thwala Jozi Joseph
Published: November 2019

The focus of this research work on selected descriptive of images refers to the analytic survey of metaphor and simile. They are selected, defined, explained and interpreted. Their significances in bringing about poetic diction, licence, meaning, message and themes are highlighted. They are fundamental figures of speech that implicitly and explicitly display the emotive value, connotative meaning, literariness and language skills. The poetic images reflect and represent real life situations through poetic skills and meanings. The literary criticism, comparative and textual analysis is evident when the objects are looked at from animate to inanimate and inanimate to animate. They serve as basic methodologies that are backing the theories and strategies on selected figures of speech. Imagery is the use of words that brings picture of the mind of the receiver or recipient and appeal to the senses. It is, however, manifested in various forms for resemblances, contrasts and comparisons. Artistic language through images revealed poetic views, assertion and facts.
Reporting and synthesis practices in barriers and facilitators reviews: a methodological systematic review
Authors: Bach-Mortensen Anders , Verboom Ben
Published: November 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Anti-pathogenic efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles through adherence and biofilm inhibition in multidrug resistant ESKAPE pathogens
Authors: Khan Mohd Hashim , Unnikrishnan Sneha , Ramalingam Karthikeyan
Published: November 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Design of a Conceptual Framework of Performance Improvement of Academic Department Chair
Authors: Mirzazadeh Azim , Jalili Mohammad , Fotouhi Akbar , kohan nooshin
Published: November 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Construction of a High-density Genetic Linkage Map and QTL Analysis of Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Based on Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing
Authors: Lou Lina , Liu Zhe , Liu Xiaohong , Su Xiaojun
Published: November 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Heart rate variability and its impact on pulmonary dysfunction in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Khodadadi Fateme , Bahaoddini Aminollah , Tavassoli Alireza , Ketabchi Farzaneh
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The activity of autonomic nervous system and its association with organ damage have not been entirely elucidated in hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) and pulmonary gas exchange in hemorrhagic shock during unilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into groups of sham, vagotomized (Vag), HS and Vag+HS. HS was induced in conscious animals by blood withdrawal until reaching to mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 40±5 mm Hg. Then, it was allowed to MAP returning toward the basal values. MAP and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout the experiments, HRV components of low (LF, sympathetic index), high (LH, parasympathetic index), and very low (VLF, injury index) frequencies and the LF/HF ratio (sympathetic index) calculated, and the lung histological and blood gas parameters assessed. Results: In the initial phases of HS, the increase in HR with no change in MAP were observed in both HS and Vag+HS groups, while LF increased only in the HS group. In the second phase, HR and MAP decreased sharply in the HS group, whereas, MAP decreased only in the Vag+HS group. Meanwhile, LF and HF increased relative to their baselines in the HS and Vag+HS groups, even though the values were much pronounced in the HS group. In the third phase, HR, MAP, LF, HF, and the LF/HF ratio were returned back to their baselines in both HS and Vag+HS groups. However, in the Vag+HS group, the VLF was lower and HR was higher than those in the other groups. Furthermore, blood gas parameters and lung histology indicated the impairment of gas exchange in the Vag+HS group. Conclusions : The sympathetic activity is predominant in the first phase, whereas the parasympathetic activity is dominant in the second and third phases of hemorrhagic shock. Furthermore, hemorrhagic shock with vagotomy may be linked to lung injury and decreased VLF.
A Comparison of Laryngeal Mask Airway-Supreme and Endotracheal Tube Use with respect to Airway Protection in Patients Undergoing Septoplasty: A Randomized, Single-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Karaaslan Erol , Akbas Sedat , Ozkan Ahmet Selim , Colak Cemil , Begec Zekine
Published: November 2019

Background There are doubts among anesthesiologists on the use of the Laryngeal Mask Airway in nasal surgeries because of concerns about the occurrence of blood leakages to the airway. The primary purpose of this study on septoplasty cases was to compare Laryngeal Mask Airway-Supreme (LMA-S) and endotracheal tube (ETT) use in protecting the airway against blood leakage, as evident through the fiberoptic bronchoscopy method. The secondary purpose of the study was to evaluate oropharyngeal leakage pressure (OLP), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and postoperative adverse events.Methods The present study was conducted in a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled manner on 80 patients, who underwent septoplasty procedures under general anesthesia, after dividing them randomly into two groups according to the device used (LMA-S or ETT). The presence of blood in the airway (glottis/trachea, distal trachea) was analyzed with the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a four-point scale. Both groups were evaluated for OLP; HR; MAP; postoperative sore throat, nausea, and vomiting; dysphagia; and dysphonia.Results In the fiberoptic evaluation of the postoperative airway, less blood leakage was detected in both anatomic areas in the LMA-S group than in the ETT group (glottis/trachea, p = 0.004; distal trachea, p = 0.034). Sore throat was detected less frequently in the LMA-S group at a significant level in the 2nd, 6th, and 12th hours of postoperative period; however, other adverse events were similar in both groups. Hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion The present findings demonstrate that the LMA-S provided more effective airway protection than the ETT in preventing blood leakage in the septoplasty procedures. We believe that the LMA-S can be used safely and as an alternative to the ETT in septoplasty cases.
Application of chimerical ALT perforator flap with vastus lateralis muscle mass in the reconstruction of oral and submandibular defects after radical resection of tongue carcinoma: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Yang Rong , Wu Xiaoshan , Ajit Pathak kumar , Xiong Yafei , Jiang Canhua , Jian Xinchun , Guo Feng
Published: November 2019

Background:
Patients with tongue carcinoma who undergo combined tongue and neck radical resection often have the oral and submandibular defects simultaneously. Because of the high flexibility, the anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap is gradually being adopted by the surgeons for the oral reconstruction. However, the tissue volume of a perforator flap is insufficient for the reconstruction of both oral and submandibular regions. In this retrospective study, we compared the postoperative effects and complications between two groups of patients. One group was reconstructed with the classical ALT perforator flap and the other was reconstructed with the chimeric ALT perforator flap with a mass of vastus lateralis muscle.
Methods:
From Aug 2017 to Aug 2019, 25 patients were reconstructed with classical ALT perforator flap (classical group), while 26 patients were reconstructed with the chimeric ALT perforator flap (chimeric group) after radical resection of tongue cancer in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The flap survival rate, incidence of submandibular infection, lateral appearance, lower extremity function, and quality of life were compared between two groups.
Results:
There were no differences in flap survival rate and postoperative lower extremity function between the two groups. The incidence of submandibular infection was 15.4％ and 40％ in the chimeric and classical group, respectively. The duration of recovery was 12.20±2.69 and 15.67±4.09 days in the chimeric and classical group, respectively. The submandibular region was fullness and satisfactory in chimeric group. The postoperative life quality in the chimeric group was better than that in the classical group ( P ＜0.05).
Conclusions:
The chimerical ALT perforator flap with muscle mass can reconstruct the oral and submandibular defects accurately. It maintains the profile and fullness of the submandibular region and reduces the incidence of submandibular infection.
Use of short message service (SMS) reminders to improve the attendance rate of diabetes-related multidisciplinary services in a primary care clinic a randomized controlled trial
Authors: DAO Man Chi , FU Sau Nga , WONG Carlos King Ho , LUK Wan
Published: November 2019

Background: Non-attendance of various non-physician-led multidisciplinary (NPLM) services causes wastage of health care resources. This study determined whether using mobile phone text message reminders by Short Message Service (SMS) in patients with type II diabetes attending a primary care clinic resulted in higher attendance rates of NPLM services when compared with those without SMS reminders. Method: A single centre randomized-controlled trial included adult subjects with type II diabetes who could read Chinese or English, possessed an SMS-capable phone and booked at least NPLM service appointments in study site. The main outcomes were comparing attendance rates between the control group and the intervention group of various NPLM services including nurse complication screening, nurse individual counselling, multidisciplinary group education, dietitian counselling, physiotherapist service, retinopathy screening by optometrist and blood taking sessions Results: 297 eligible subjects were approached, 15 were excluded and 11 refused to participate. 271 subjects were recruited (response rate 96%). Their mean (± standard deviation) age was 63.3±11.3. Their mean duration of DM was 6.9±5.3 years with mean HbA1c 7.37±1.32%. They were randomly assigned to intervention (N=135) or control (N=136) group. The Intervention groups received a standard SMS reminder included appointment name, date and time 24-72 hours prior to the scheduled appointment. The Control groups received no reminder. 733 appointments (intervention N=372, control N=361) were analysed. More subjects used smartphone (82.2%) than mobile phone without internet access (17.8%). All SMS were successfully delivered for the 372 appointments with no adverse event reported. The overall attendance rates were 92.7% in the intervention group and 83.1% in the control group (Odds ratio, OR 2.60, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.61-4.19, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, SMS reminders were particularly useful in reminding nurse clinic (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.22-7.66, p=0.017) and optometrist clinic (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.07-7.01, p=0.037). Conclusion: SMS reminder is a reliable method to increase overall attendance rates and health service utilization of NPLM DM services in outpatient setting.
Targeted next generation sequencing assays using triplet samples of normal breast tissue, primary breast cancer, and recurrent/metastatic lesions
Authors: Akahane Toshiaki , Kanomata Naoki , Harada Oi , Yamashita Tetsumasa , Kurebayashi Junichi , Tanimoto Akihide , Moriya Takuya
Published: November 2019

Background Next generation sequencing (NGS) has shown that recurrent/metastatic breast cancer lesions may have additional genetic changes compared with the primary tumour. These additional changes may be related to tumour progression and/or drug resistance. The breast cancer-targeted NGS, however, is not still widely used for comparing genomic profile of primary breast cancer and recurrent/metastatic lesions in clinical practice.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from normal breast tissue, primary breast cancer, and recurrent/metastatic lesion(s) from the same patient. A DNA library was constructed using the QIAseq Human Breast Cancer Panel (93 genes, Qiagen) and then sequenced by a MiSeq (Illumina). The Qiagen web portal was utilized for data analysis.Results Of 107 breast cancer cases with recurrence/metastases, successful results for three or four samples (normal breast tissue, primary tumour, and at least one metastatic/recurrent lesion) were obtained for 11 patients (36 samples). We detected shared somatic mutations in all but one patient, who had germline mutations in TP53 and KMT2C . Additional mutations were detected in recurrent/metastatic lesions compared with primary tumour in genes including TP53 (three patients) and one case each of ATR , BLM , CBFB , EP300 , ERBB2 , MUC16 , PBRM1, and PIK3CA . More copy number variations (CNVs) was detected in distant metastases than in local recurrence ( P =0.030).Conclusions The QIAseq Human Breast Cancer Panel assay could identify driver mutations in both primary breast tumour tissue and recurrent/metastatic lesions in almost all patients. This method can assist in identifying drug-targetable mutations and CNV in metastatic breast cancers.
Lung sonography is useful for the initial detection of left-sided double lumen tracheal tube position in both novice and expert; a randomized prospective crossover study
Authors: Seo Hyungseok , Go YoonJu , Jang Yong Seok , Lee Bong-Jae
Published: November 2019

Background Detecting the position of the double lumen tube (DLT), lung sonography, can be an effective technique and may provide more detailed information than chest auscultation. However, the diagnostic efficacy of lung sonography for determining DLT position can differ between novice and expert.Methods We enrolled and allocated ninety patients into two groups; one group using chest auscultation and the other using lung sonography for the determination of DLT position. In both groups, two repeat-assessments were provided by two independent examiners; first by a novice, and second by an expert. The primary outcome was the overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive or negative predictive values between novice and expert in confirming the position of the left-sided DLT. In both groups, final position was confirmed by a fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Results Both using auscultation and sonography, novices and experts showed similar diagnostic efficacy. However, in patients using sonography, both novice and expert showed better outcomes than in patients using chest auscultation. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, lung sonography seemed to showe a better predictability in incorrect DLT position than chest auscultation, especially by experts.Conclusion Lung sonography showed a better diagnostic efficacy for detecting DLT position than chest auscultation. Furthermore, using lung sonography, novice investigator may perform similar assessment for identifying incorrect DLT position to expert.
Intravenous oxycodone compared to morphine for post-operative opioid-related adverse events in opioid naïve patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: cuvillon philippe , Alonso Sandrine , L’Hermite Joel , Reubrecht Vanessa , Zoric Lana , Vialles Nathalie , Faillie Jean Luc , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Boisson Christope , Raux Mathieu , Langeron Olivier
Published: November 2019

Bacground As intravenous oxycodone is as potent as morphine for pain relief, the purpose of this study was to assess opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs) of oxycodone vs morphine (1mg/1mg) in opioid naïve patients after general anesthesia and surgery.Methods Patients schedulled for total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive oxycodone or morphine (titration in PACU followed by intravenous PCA: bolus 1 mL, lockout time 7 min). Primary endpoints was number of patients with ≥1 ORAEs at H24 (at least one of the following complications: nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus (itch), urinary retention requiring evacuation, allergy (skin reaction), hallucination (perception without object)). Patients were followed up to 4 months.Results Among 241 patients included in the ITT analysis, there was no difference in patient characteristics. At H24, there were 55 patients with at least one ORAEs in oxycodone group versus 46 in morphine group (48% vs 40%, p=0.19; relative risk RR (oxycodone vs morphine) = 1.22 [0.91; 1.63]). Oxycodone vs Morphine requirements were respectively: 6 [0-11] vs 8 [0-12] mg for titration in PACU (p=0.06) and 15 [8-26] vs 8 [5-16] mg during PCA period at H24 (p=0.001). The total dose of morphine administered within the first 24 h was 22 [12-37] vs 19 [11-28]mg for oxycodone (p=0.048). Pain scores (rest, movement: H0-H48) and neuropathic pain score after 4 months were similar in both groups.Conclusion Even if lower doses of oxycodone were required for PACU titration and over the first 24h, it did not lead to less ORAEs.
Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial: Peer to Peer Group Problem Management Plus (PM+) for Adult Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Uygun Ersin , Ilkkursun Zeynep , Sijbrandij Marit , Aker A. Tamer , Bryant Richard , Cuijpers Pim , Fuhr Daniela C. , de Graaff Anne M. , de Jong Joop , McDaid David , Morina Naser , Park A-La , Roberts Bayard , Ventevogel Peter , Yurtbakan Taylan , Acarturk Ceren
Published: November 2019

Background: A large proportion of Syrians have been exposed to potentially traumatic events, multiple losses, breakdown of supportive social networks and many of them have sought refuge in host countries where they also face post migration living difficulties such as discrimination or/and integration problems. These adversities may put Syrian refugees at high risk for common mental disorders. In response to this, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a transdiagnostic scalable psychological intervention called Problem Management Plus (PM+) to reduce psychological distress among populations exposed to adversities. PM+ has been adapted for Syrian refugees and can be delivered by non-specialist peer lay persons in the community. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted with 380 Syrian refugees in Turkey. After providing informed consent, participants with high levels of psychological distress (scoring >15 on the Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10)) and functional impairment (scoring >16 on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)) will be randomly assigned to Group PM+/Enhanced Care As Usual (Group PM+/E-CAU) (n = 190) or enhanced-care-as-usual (E-CAU) (n = 190). Outcome assessments will take place 1-week after the 5 th session (post assessment), 3 months after the 5 th session and 12 months after baseline assessment. The primary outcome is psychological distress as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). Secondary outcomes include functional impairment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, self-identified problems, as well as health system and productivity costs. A process evaluation will be conducted to explore the feasibility, challenges and success of the intervention with 25 participants including participants, facilitators, policy makers and mental health professionals. Discussion: The treatment manual of the Syrian-Arabic Group PM+ and training materials will be made available through the WHO once the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of group PM+ has been established. Keywords: Cognitive behavioural therapy, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, refugee, mental health, group interventions, task shifting, trans-diagnostic
Multilevel Zero-inflated Censored Beta Regression Modeling for Proportions and Rate Data with Extra-zeros
Authors: Tapak Leili , Hamidi Omid , Sadeghifar Majid , Doosti Hassan , Moradi Ghobad
Published: November 2019

Objectives Zero-inflated proportion or rate data nested in clusters due to the sampling structure can be found in many disciplines. Sometimes, the rate response may not be observed for some study units because of some limitations (false negative) like failure in recording data and the zeros are observed instead of the actual value of the rate/proportions (low incidence). In this study, we proposed a multilevel zero-inflated censored Beta regression model that can address zero-inflation rate data with low incidence.Methods We assumed that the random effects are independent and normally distributed. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by application on a three level real data set and a simulation study. We applied the proposed model to analyze brucellosis diagnosis rate data and investigate the effects of climatic and geographical position. For comparison, we also applied the standard zero-inflated censored Beta regression model that does not account for correlation.Results Results showed the proposed model performed better than zero-inflated censored Beta based on AIC criterion. Height (p-value <0.0001), temperature (p-value <0.0001) and precipitation (p-value = 0.0006) significantly affected brucellosis rates. While, precipitation in ZICBETA model was not statistically significant (p-value =0.385). Simulation study also showed that the estimations obtained by maximum likelihood approach had reasonable in terms of mean square error.Conclusions The results showed that the proposed method can capture the correlations in the real data set and yields accurate parameter estimates.
Applicability of logistic regression with sum-to-zero constraint parameterization in risk assessment for parotid malignancy
Authors: Cayetano Shari Messinger , Lo Kaming , Fundakowski Christopher , Sargi Zoukaa
Published: November 2019

Background Investigative interest is often to determine how results from a diagnostic tool change the patient’s risk of disease with respect to the overall(naïve) risk at clinical presentation. Logistic regression is popular for data analysis for this type of investigation. However, standard approach, which uses reference cell coding, may not be informative in this setting. This is because this approach compares the risk between two distinct groups.Methods We considered weighted and unweighted approaches to model parameterization using deviation from means coding for assessing the risk of parotid malignancy, comparing patients with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) results with the general(naïve) risk among all presenting patients. Results from deviation from means coding and standard reference cell coding were compared.Results Unweighted coding estimates a two-fold increase in the odds of malignancy with an indeterminate FNAB result compared to the naïve odds at clinical presentation (Odds ratio(OR): 1.97 [95% Confidence Interval(CI): 1.34–2.90], P=0.0006). The weighted approach estimates increased risk (OR: 2.38 [95% CI: 1.45 – 3.89], P=0.0006), more accurately representing the naïve risk at presentation based on the direction of sample imbalance in the study. Using standard reference cell coding, an indeterminate result has a higher risk compared to a negative result, but this does not inform us about the risk with respect to that inherent at clinical presentation.Conclusions Depending on the investigative interest, it is important to adopt the appropriate coding methodology when logistic regression is applied. In addition, a weighted approach should be considered to account for sample imbalance.
Bedre revisjonskompetanse gjennom eksplisitt opplæring i revisjonsstrategier?
Authors: Bueie Agnete Andersen
Published: November 2019

Evnen til å kunne revidere tekst er en viktig del av skrivekompetansen, og det er en etablert oppfatning at erfarne skrivere har en bredere forståelse av hva tekstrevisjon innebærer enn uerfarne skrivere. I denne artikkelen presenterer jeg en studie der formålet er å utvikle praksis for å støtte revisjonsfasen bedre, og deretter se hvordan dette kan spores i elevenes tekstrevisjoner. Elever i to klasser blir introdusert for fire revisjonsstrategier (erstatte, tilføye, slette og omorganisere). Analyser av elevenes reviderte tekster viser at elevene gjør varierte revisjoner, og de mest brukte strategiene er tilføying og erstatning. Selv om de fleste elevene reviderer på både globale og lokale tekstnivå, er det tendenser til at noen fokuserer mest på de lokale, andre mest på de globale. I hovedsak gjør revisjonene tekstene bedre, men det finnes forekomster av revisjoner som ikke endrer teksten eller som gjør et tekstsegment dårligere.
English abstract
Enhanced revision competence through teaching revision strategies explicitly?
Revision competence is an important part of writing skills, and it is an established belief that experienced writers have a broader understanding of what text revision means than inexperienced writers. The aim of the study presented in this article is to develop a practice to better support the revision phase, and then to see if this can be traced in the pupils’ text revisions. Pupils from two classes in Norwegian lower secondary school are introduced to four revision strategies (replace, add, delete and reorder). Analyzes of the pupils’ revised texts show that students make varied revisions, and the most widely used strategies are adding and replacing. Even though the pupils revise their texts both globally and locally, there is a tendency for some pupils to be more locally oriented, while others are more globally oriented. The revisions mainly make the texts better, but there are occurrences of revisions that do not change the text or that make a text segment worse.
Development and validation of a UPLC-MS method for determination of atazanavir sulfate by the “analytical quality by design” approach
Authors: Saha Chandni , Gupta N. Vishal , Chandan R. S.
Published: November 2019

A UPLC-MS method for the estimation of atazanavir sulfate was developed using the “analytical quality by design” approach. The critical chromatographic quality attributes identified were retention time, theoretical plates and peak tailing. The critical method parameters established were percent of organic modifier, flow rate and injection volume. Optimization performed using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) established 10 % organic modifier, 0.4 mL min−1 flow rate and 6-µL injection volume as the optimum method conditions. Atazanavir sulfate eluted at 5.19 min without any interference. Method validation followed international guidelines. The method has proven linearity in the range of 10–90 µg mL−1. Recovery was between 100.2–101.0 % and precision within the accepted limits (RSD 0.2–0.7 %). LOD and LOQ were 2.68 and 8.14 µg mL−1, resp. Stress testing stability studies showed atazanavir sulfate to degrade under acidic and basic conditions. The suggested technique is simple, rapid and sustainable. It is, therefore, suggested for routine analysis of atazanavir sulfate.
Modified release of furosemide from Eudragits® and poly(ethylene oxide)-based matrices and dry-coated tablets
Authors: Vlachou Marilena , Geraniou Efthymia , Siamidi Angeliki
Published: November 2019

Modified release of furosemide from tablet formulations is preferred by patients, because of physiological problems, acute diuresis being the most serious, compared to the forms designed for immediate release. With this in view, we aimed at achieving furosemide’s longer gastric retention and waste minimization by preparing matrix and compression coated tablets incorporating different grades of Eudragit® and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and lactose monohydrate. Dissolution profiles of the new formulations were compared with that of the main stream drug Lasix®, 40 mg tablets. The results indicate that the use of Eudragit® in conjunction with either PVP or lactose monohydrate led to a slower release rate in the intestinal fluids compared to Lasix®. Moreover, furosemide release in the intestinal pH from matrix tablets and compression coated tablets was not noticeably different. Formulations incorporating PEO led to sustained release, in intestinal fluids, which depended on the molecular weight of PEO.
TLC-densitometric analysis of allantoin in Symphytum officinale L. roots
Authors: Kimel Katarzyna , Zienkiewicz Magdalena , Sparzak-Stefanowska Barbara , Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława
Published: November 2019

A TLC-densitometric method for determination of allantoin in Symphytum officinale root was developed. Densitometric quantification of allantoin was carried out on TLC Si60 plates with butanol-50 % methanol/formic acid, 66.5:33.2:0.3 (V/V/V) as developing solvent, at a wavelength of 190 nm. The method was preliminarily validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery and robustness. The results of TLC quantification were compared with HPLC analysis carried out on a HILIC Luna NH2 100A column, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water 80:20 (V/V) and UV detection at 190 and 210 nm. Allantoin content was determined in two herbal products and it varied from 0.94 to 2.09 %, depending on the producer, and was in agreement with literature reports.
Identification of Study Sites for Placement of Sediment Traps in Vegetated Buffer Strips
Authors: Pöppl Ronald , Aydin Elena
Published: November 2019

The aim of this contribution was to outline the decision procedure for selecting potential sites suitable for installing sediment traps in vegetation buffer strips in the Fugnitz catchment, Austria. The selection procedure consisted of GIS data processing where the contributing areas of specific sites were specified according to the selected criteria (i.e. slope above 2°, vegetation strip in between agriculturally used land and river network, contributing area of at least 300 m2). Available landuse maps were updated with formerly not-digitized structures potentially influencing connectivity (e.g. ephemeral streams and road ditches) which were mapped in the field. From 31 pre-defined sites 15 were selected, taking into account as additional selection criteria the slope angle, soil erodibility and size of the contributing area. Two sites were selected for further investigations – i.e. installation of the sediment traps in vegetation filter strips collecting event-based sediment yields from adjacent arable fields. We conclude that GIS analysis has shown to be useful for the first step-delineation of potential sites of interest on the catchment scale. However, field-based surveys have been shown to be inevitable to obtain on-site information on vegetation characteristics and fine-scale topographic and management information.
Impact Assessment of Vegetation Growth on Soil Erosion of a Landfill Cover Surface
Authors: Shaikh Janarul , Yamsani Sudheer Kumar , Bora Manash Jyoti , Sekharan Sreedeep , Rakesh Ravi Ranjan , Mungale Atharva , Bordoloi Sanandam
Published: November 2019

Soil erosion is a very common phenomenon encountered at many sloped earthen geotechnical structures. For instance, the surface soil of an inclined landfill cover system undergoes the erosion due to various adverse atmospheric variants. This is one of the major causes for performance failure in the cover system. However, previous researchers have rarely conducted the study for field assessment of soil erosion in high rainfall tropical regions such as northeast India. The literature advocates the utilization of vegetation for erosion management. This study investigated the impact of vegetation growth on soil erosion of a cover surface layer under both natural and controlled artificial rainfall. The soil erosion was monitored by collecting the soil loss due to rainfall. Vegetation growth was evaluated based on photographic image analyses. The study clearly indicates that the vegetation growth can contribute to reduction of soil erosion from the landfill cover surface.
Movement of the Suspended Flow in the Open Irrigation Channels
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Fatxulloev Alisher , Kaletová Tatiana
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the issues of turbulent movement of a suspended flow in open channels. Differential equations of a suspended flow were used with considering the interaction of the fluid and solid particles. The solution of equations for steady flow was obtained by a numerical method. Field data measured in irrigation channels in Tashkent and Parkent were used to estimate the velocity distribution over the depth of the stream. Developed method for calculating the formation of velocity field in statically and dynamically stable channels considered the turbulent characteristics and the presence of suspended sediments in the stream. The possibilities of practical application of the above-mentioned differential equations to the solution of the problem of a suspended solids flow's forming a velocity field were discussed. The developed analytical formulas make it possible to determine the value of flow parameters. The result is a new generalization of the mathematical model of the velocity field formation regularity at different flow saturations with a suspension. On its basis, the method is developed for calculating the parameters of the weighing process and transport of suspended particles in open channels.