bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O1-5 Digital tools for physical activity assessment and brief counselling in Primary Health Care: The Portuguese model
Authors: Silva Catarina Santos , Silva Marlene Nunes , Godinho Cristina Albuquerque , Mendes Romeu , Teixeira Pedro
Published: August 2022

Issue/problem

Implementation of national systems for patients' physical activity (PA) assessment and counselling is a cost-effective strategy recommended in the WHO Global Action Plan for PA 2018-2030. Although Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals are recognized as key agents for PA promotion, challenges remain on how to develop feasible and scalable tools to support them in promoting patients' PA. The Portuguese model could help other countries improve PA assessment and brief counselling in PHC settings. This study aims to describe the tools' development and usage.

Description of the problem

The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed two evidence-based digital tools to support PA promotion by healthcare professionals: a) PA brief assessment tool; and b) brief counselling tool. The assessment tool was incorporated within the electronic medical health record software ?SClínico? in September 2017. It includes three questions: 1) how many days per week the patient performs any kind of PA (work, commuting or leisure-time); 2) how much time per day; and 3) how many hours per day the patient spends in sedentary behaviours. The PA brief counselling tool is available through the electronic medical prescription software ?PEM? since December 2017 and consists of five inter-related self-explanatory guides that can be delivered to patients (printed or by email), according to their motivation and PA levels. They facilitate person-centered and autonomy-supportive PA counselling, targeting specific behaviour change mediators, and using validated techniques.

Results

From September 2017 to December 2021, 159,179 patients had their PA assessed (2235 per 100,000 users of the National Health Service) and, from these, 16133 received PA brief counselling guides (177 per 100000 residents in Portugal, ≥ 15 years old), with a six-fold and three-fold increases, respectively, between 2018 and 2019 (previous to the COVID-19 pandemic). Future actions will address cost-effectiveness of this policy.

Lessons

The brief assessment and brief counselling tools were well-accepted and are increasingly being used, with potential for generalized adoption within the Portuguese Health Care System.

Main messages

Portugal has taken a decisive action to promote PA using PHC as a priority setting. PA tools usage is increasing considerably, highlighting the importance of making available easy-to-use PA promotion tools.
O1-6 Objectively measured physical activity levels and association with BMI z-score among children and adolescents in Morocco
Authors: Baddou Issad , Harchaoui Imane El , Benjeddou Kaoutar , Menchawy Imane El , Saeid Naima , Kari Khalid El , Elmzibri Mohammed , Hamdouchi Asmaa El , Aguenaou Hassan
Published: August 2022

Background

Physical activity is associated with improved psychological well-being and lower levels of cardio metabolic risk factors, diabetes, obesity among children and adolescent. The purpose of the study was 1- to examine gender, type of day, and age grade differences in objectively PA; 2- to examine the attainment of recommended physical activity guidelines; 3-to examine the association between PA levels and BMI z-score among children and adolescents in Morocco.

Method

172 Moroccan children/adolescents (mean age = 10.92 ± 1.55 years, mean BMI z-score = -0.16 ± 1.33; 19.2 % overweight) were recruited for this study and wore a tri-axial accelerometer (GT3X+) for 7 consecutive days. Two-way analysis of covariance was used to examine gender and age grade differences in physical activity level separately for weekdays and weekends, adjusted for body mass index for age (BMI z-score) and wear time. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine independent relationships between attainments of physical activity guidelines and gender. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between physical activity levels and BMI z-score.

Results

In both weekends and weekday, children spent more time in Light physical activity than adolescents (p > 0.001), boys were more engaged in moderate activity (p > 0.001) and vigorous (p > 0.001) activity and took more steps than girls. Boys were eight time more likely to meet the recommendation for at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day than girls (OR: 8.569; 95% [CI]: 4.23-17.32), p > 0.001. Among adolescent, moderate to vigorous PA were inversely correlated with BMI z-score (r = -0,213; p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The findings can shed light on the need of urgent scaling up of implementation of known effective policies and programmes for adolescents and girls to increase their involvement in PA.

Acknowledgements

This study was performed with the support of the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP E4.30.24; RAF 6042).
O1-8 Evaluation of the implementation of the ‘Living well with COPD' self-management program in Switzerland
Authors: Frei Anja , Strassmann Alexandra , Guler Mathias , Carron Tania , Steurer-Stey Claudia , Lana Kaba Dalla , Giroud Philippe , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle , Puhan Milo
Published: August 2022

Background

Self-management can improve health status and reduce hospitals admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate the implementation of the ‘Living well with COPD’ self-management program, a nation-wide effort by the Swiss Lung Associations and the Swiss society of pulmonary medicine.

Methods

For the implementation evaluation we used qualitative (interviews, focus groups) and quantitative (questionnaires, documentation analysis) methods to assess indicators of the outcomes reach, dose, fidelity, acceptability and appropriateness of the program. To evaluate the effectiveness, we assessed exercise capacity (1-minute sit-to-stand test), disease specific quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire CRQ), symptoms, health care utilisation and health behaviour including physical activity at baseline and at the end of the program (after 12 months).

Results

Seven Cantonal Lung Associations implemented the program into their services according to plan, conducted it 13 times during 1 year and included in total 122 COPD patients (mean age 69 years, 48% female). The patients' attendance rate and the coaches' fidelity to the protocol were high (81% and 94%, respectively). Overall, acceptance and satisfaction of all involved persons (patients, coaches, responsible persons from the Lung Associations) was very high; they particularly acknowledged the meaningfulness of the program. Challenges were sustainable funding, integration of the coaches' additional workload and uncertainties regarding roles and responsibilities. After 14 month, the patients did not just avoid a decline in exercise capacity and health status but significantly improved in the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (23.9 vs. 27.1 repetitions) and in 3 of 4 CRQ subscales (with 0.2-0.5 units).

Conclusions

The ‘Living well with COPD' program was successfully implemented despite a tight schedule and showed a remarkably positive impact of the COPD patients' health status. The insights of this study will support the broader multiplication of the program throughout Switzerland and also serves the international community since it is one of the first nation-wide implementations beyond study settings.
O2-4 From research to practice - BASIS Balance Strength and Safety - the Norwegian E-learning program on fall prevention
Authors: Belander Olov
Published: August 2022

The World Health Organization and the Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends that older adults over 65 years with poor mobility should perform physical activity to enhance balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week. Norway has one of the highest hip fracture incidence rates in the world. Falls and hip fractures among elderly is a public health problem.

For around 10 years we have the knowledge that systematic exercise and well-designed exercise programs can reduce the rate of falls among older people living at home. The aim with this work was to develop an e-learning program to increase the knowledge about strength and balance exercises among people working at fitness centers, senior centers and nursing homes. The developing process of the e-learning program was a collaboration between the Norwegian Directorate of Health, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and experts on e-learning. Three resource groups were also involved. The e-learning was developed from January until November 2019.

The e-learning programs BASIS is for free and available at www.basis-fallforebygging.no. Over 1200 people completed the course within the first months after release. BASIS comes in three versions and contains six modules. After completing the course, you get access to a hundred warming up, strength, balance and cool down exercises. The exercises are graded based on the functional capacity of the elderly. You can design your own programs or choose between fixed programs. The e-learning was announced and updated in 2020. Experiences will be presented.

BASIS can be an effective way to spread knowledge about exercise as well as fall prevention. The e-learning can be one important piece in the broader work to increase knowledge, change practice, prevent falls and increase the physical function in elderly people. While some organizations are changing practice fast, in many organizations changing practice seems to take longer time. The e-learning must be followed up with a change of culture, routines and practices at fitness centers, senior centers and nursing homes.

BASIS can increase knowledge about how to facilitate exercise to increase physical function in elderly at fitness centers, senior centers and nursing homes.
O2-6 Older adults' use of neighbourhood open spaces following an environmental intervention
Authors: Schmidt Tanja , Palwoski Charlotte Skau , Schipperijn Jasper
Published: August 2022

Background

Older age is often associated with functional, social, and mental health problems, leading to major financial burdens on the health care sector, as the number of older adults (65+ years) is expected to increase to 22% by the year 2050. Using neighbourhood open spaces (NOS) for physical activity and social interaction may be an easy way for older adults to uphold healthy and active ageing. However, little is known about older adults' use of NOS. The purpose of this study was to assess factors promoting or inhibiting older adults' use of NOS in a deprived neighbourhood before and after an environmental intervention creating or improving facilities for older adults within NOS.

Methods

A convergent mixed methods approach was used to assess outcomes of a participatory research intervention. Observations using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities were conducted to observe older adults living in a deprived neighbourhood, and their use of 13 NOS in spring 2017 (baseline) and spring 2018 (follow-up). Semi-structures interviews with ten older adults were held in spring 2018 to identify barriers and facilitators for using NOS.

Results

The intervention resulted in the construction of two pavilions and renovated benches, including raised flower beds and small bench-tables. An increase of 44% more older adults was observed at follow-up using the NOS with the renovated benches. No use of the two pavilions was observed. The interviews identified six important factors for older adults' use of NOS: weather, support for social caretakers, support for resourceful volunteers, organized activities, social interaction, and sense of ownership.

Conclusions

Social interaction is a key factor for older adults' use of NOS and should be prioritized by health promoters in combination with age-friendly facilities and organizational support. Daily social interaction may be easier to promote in close distance NOS, whereas NOS further away may rely on organizational support, such as social caretakers and volunteers.
O2-8 Effects of a 12-week walking football intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in an older adult population: a randomised controlled trial in the UK
Authors: McBain Tom , Broom David
Published: August 2022

Background

Interventions promoting physical activity and improved wellbeing delivered through professional football clubs have previously produced favourable changes in health in adult males (Hunt et al., 2014). Walking football has proven a popular variant suitable for older adults and studies have reported positive changes in health outcomes (Arnold et al., 2015; Reddy et al., 2017; McEwan et al., 2019). However, studies exploring outcomes following walking football interventions when compared to a control group in an older adult population are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore the effects of a 12-week walking football intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors and quality of life in an older adult population.

Methods

Following ethical approval, participants (n = 23, one female; 68 ± 8 years old), were recruited through the Drink Wise, Age Well scheme; a local Lottery funded organisation and were invited to take part in a 12-week walking football intervention or control group. Intervention group participants (n = 17), were invited to one 60-minute walking football session per week consisting of a warm-up and small-scale competitive games, whereas control group participants (n = 6), continued with their normal habitual lifestyle. Outcomes measured were weight, resting blood pressure, non-fasting blood lipids, six-minute walk distance, and quality of life. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (week-0), midpoint (week-7) and post-intervention (week-13). Sessional RPE was recorded after each session. Preliminary data were analysed using a repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results

Adherence to the 12-week intervention was 83%. Mean (± SD) attendance for sessions was 68 ± 26% (range; 0-92%). Mean rating of perceived exertion was 6.3 ± 1 (range; 2-8). Analysis revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (p = 0.01) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.19) in the intervention group. However, despite favourable changes in both groups for each variable, no significant difference between groups occurred between baseline, week-7 and post-intervention.

Conclusion

The study outlines the potential for individuals enrolled in a walking football scheme to engage in weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA as well as maintaining and improving a myriad of health outcomes. Engagement in other pre-existing health promotion schemes, such as walking football at other local organisations may have influenced outcome measures.
O3-3 Active commuting and healthy behavior among adolescents in neighborhoods with varying socioeconomic status
Authors: Buli Benti Geleta , Tillander Annika , Fell Terence , Bälter Katarina
Published: August 2022

The World Health Organization recommends active commuting to and from school as a source of physical activity. Worldwide, active commuting, i.e. walking or biking, is determined by various factors including gender, socioeconomic status of families and neighborhoods, the built envormnet, distance to schools, perceived neighborhood safety, life styles, and availability of walkways, biking paths and parks. Previous studies from Swedish indicate that the proportion of youth being active commuters descres with age, but has also decresed over time. This study aimed at assessing health and environmental factors associated with modes of transportation to and from school among 333 adolescents aged 16-19 living in a middle-sized city in Sweden.

The present city has 380 kilometer of walking and biking paths that cover the whole city, of which parts are heated in the winter to avoid snow and ice. Still, only 32% of the adolescents were active commuters to and from school. Active commuting was linked to other healthy behaviours including more frequenct daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and less frequent consumption of junk food. Morover, the presence of well illuminated walking and biking paths was strongly associated with active commuting, as compared to not having access to less illuminated paths. However, the relation between active commuting and socioeconomic status of the neighborhood was complex and needs to be explored in future larger studies.

The results will be used to increase awareness of the health and enviromental benfits of active commuting among adolencnets, schools, and local policy makers.
O3-8 A ban on smartphone usage during recess in increased 10-14 year old children's physical activity; a Danish school intervention study
Authors: Pawlowski Charlotte Skau , Nielsen Jonas Vesterggard , Knudsen Louise Stjerne , Schmidt Tanja
Published: August 2022

Background

School recess provides a unique opportunity for children to be active. However, many children perceive smartphones as a key barrier for engaging in physical activity during recess. The aim was to investigate if a ban on smartphone usage during recess changed children's physical activity.

Methods

During August-October 2020, children from grades 4-7 (10-14 yrs.) at six Danish schools were banned from using their smartphones during recess for a four-weeks period. Questionnaire and systematic observation (SOPLAY) data were collected from 814 children before intervention (baseline) and 828 during the last week of intervention (follow-up).

Results

The mean frequency of physical activity significantly increased from baseline to follow-up (odds ratio = 1.370), as did physical activity on a moderate level (odds ratio = 1.387). Vigorous physical activity significantly decreased (odds ratio = 0.851). The increase in physical activity was found among both schools having outdoor and indoor recess, among both boys and girls and nearly equally among grades 4-7. Notably, we observed a much greater decrease in sedentary behavior and a slightly larger increase in moderate physical activity for girls than for boys and particularly boys decreased in vigorous physical activity. They might have changed their physical activity behavior in follow-up because more girls participated in physical activities, resulting in more children in the same space.

Conclusion

This suggests that implementing a ban on smartphone usage during recess would, in line with the HEPA strategy, improve the everyday conditions for health among a broad range of children. To our knowledge, this is the first intervention study investigating if a ban on smartphone usage during recess changed schoolchildren's physical activity behavior. Thus, this study fills an important gap for researchers, school boards, teachers, health professionals, and politicians on how schoolchildren's physical activity during recess can be positively changed by policy.
O4-5 A gamification-based intervention to encourage active travel
Authors: Harris Marc
Published: August 2022

Background

There are enormous economic, human, and environmental costs of inactivity, climate change, air pollution and congestion and active travel can help reduce and prevent these. In England, however, only 26% of all trips are made by walking and only 2% are made by cycling. Walking and cycling contribute just 4% of total distance travelled. ?Beat the Street' is a community-wide intervention which aims to increase active travel by turning an area into a 6-week game. Residents earn points and prizes by walking and cycling and tapping a smartcard on RFID readers called ?Beat Boxes' placed on lampposts at half-mile intervals. To-date, over 1 million people have taken part in the intervention, however, the impact of the program on adult active travel is yet to be explored.

Methods

In Autumn 2019, Beat the Street was delivered throughout the London Borough of Hounslow. Prior, and immediately following the intervention, residents were invited to complete a self-report questionnaire (Sport England Active Lives Survey-SF) to assess changes in physical activity. Time-stamp data generated through Beat Box activity provided an objective measure of intervention engagement and a traffic survey camera was used to measure the number of cars travelling along 1 target road between 1-week pre- and 1-week post-intervention. Data were analysed using a series of ANOVAs and McNemar tests.

Results

28,219 people took part in the six-week game, of which 56% were female. Between pre- and post-intervention there was 7% decrease in adults reporting less than 30mins of activity per week and a 13% rise in adults reporting 150+ mins (n = 346, p > 0.01). Beat box data ascertained that 25% of total taps at all Beat Boxes were made between 08:00-08:59am and a further 28% were made between 3:00-3:59pm, typical travel to school/work periods. Further, traffic camera data showed that between the week before and week following Beat the Street, 1199 and 705 fewer cars and 130 and 36 fewer vans were observed travelling along Cambridge Road between 07:00-09:30am and 2:00-4:30pm, respectively.

Conclusions

These data sources, in combination, suggest gamification may be an encouraging approach to increasing levels of active travel at a community-wide level.
O4-6 Citizen involvement and Active Living - a research project in the middle of Odense
Authors: Johansen Danielle Nørager , Troelsen Jens , Kaarsted Thomas , Overgaard Anne Kathrine
Published: August 2022

Background

Physical inactivity and its consequences is a growing problem. Health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) behavior has previously been linked to the characteristics of the physical surroundings. Active Living (AL) is, in that connection, an international concept developed to integrate HEPA into everyday life.

The city of Odense located on Funen in Denmark has undergone major urban developments throughout the past 10 years - and will continue to do so prospectively. This has resulted in a possibility to create an AL area to be used by various target groups (employees and students at the university, patients and relative at the hospital, athletes participating in sporting activities in different associations etc.). Therefore, the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) is involved in a project aiming at creating a 80-hectare AL area with various activity possibilities for the everyday users.

Methods

Citizen Science (CS) has been the bearing principle from the beginning of the project. Rather than developing such an area ‘behind the desk’, the guiding question throughout the process has been: According to the citizens, what should such area contain of? This has been initiated through expert workshops, student modules in relation to the Sports and Health education at SDU, arranging events together with local media, organizing the Danish Championship in cycle cross, organizing a school festival etc.

Results

Using the CS approach, the project has received more than 1.000 inputs and ideas from citizens, associations, students etc. The proposals have formed the basis for the results in a combined PhD project, focusing on AL and principles of landscape architecture. Drawings from this PhD will be presented and principles of Citizen Science will be discussed at the conference.

The next project step is to raise external funding to realize the potential of the area.

Conclusion

At this time, the project is still at its initial stage trying to raise funding to initiate and carry out the collected ideas. However, this project is a great example on how a CS approach in developing an urban area by integrating various sectors, hopefully, can improve the final product in terms of usability and sustainability.
O4-7 An alternative framework for HEPA projects: Developing recommendations for the use of the Capability Approach
Authors: Till Maike , Gelius Peter , Abel Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background

Using Amartya Sen's capability approach (CA) to conceptualize physical activity (PA) promotion projects has been suggested as a promising alternative to conventional theories, as it focuses on the real opportunities people have to engage in PA rather than on PA behavior alone. The Capital4Health research consortium used the CA to conceptualize and implement PA projects in four different settings across the life-course. The aim of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the CA in these projects and to develop recommendations for the use of the concept in future PA promotion projects.

Methods

Based on an overarching analytical framework, we investigated the utilization of the CA in the individual projects using document analysis, workshops, and group interviews with project teams. Results were used to develop a set of draft principles and recommendations for effectively employing the CA in future projects and as a bridging framework for larger consortia. A participatory process combining elements of action research and Delphi surveys is currently conducted with all members of the Capital4Health consortium to arrive at final set of agreed-upon principles.

Results

Preliminary results show that the use of the CA varied substantially between projects and settings, but that a number of common conclusions can be drawn. A future framework for using capabilities for PA promotion may focus on three areas: (a) Project conceptualization should address both the target group and relevant multipliers. It should also consider both individual PA competences and structural factors, (b) Evaluation should cover both capabilities for PA as well as actual changes in PA levels to assess health impact on multiple levels, (c) The CA may be very useful to research consortia for developing shared goals and evaluation frameworks. This, however, requires a shared knowledge base and agreement about central theoretical concepts.

Conclusions

The CA constitutes a potentially useful theoretical basis for both individual PA promotion projects and multi-setting research consortia. However, the application of the concept is complex and may vary significantly between settings. The proposed guiding principles may therefore provide a useful aid to future projects wishing to apply this innovative approach.
O5-4 Technology-based physical activity interventions acceptability in obese females: a latent profile transition analysis
Authors: Hayotte Meggy , Martinent Guillaume , Nègre Véronique , Thérouanne Pierre , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne
Published: August 2022

Background

Technology-based physical activity interventions (TbPAI) have recently been shown to be effective for care of obese women (Cotie et al., 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the acceptability of TbPAI to ensure dissemination and usage in the treatment of obesity (Venkatesh et al., 2012).

As such, the purpose of this study was to: (1) identify acceptability profiles of three TbPAI in obesity care (e.g., active video games, mobile applications, videoconferencing); (2) examine the issues of consistency or change of acceptability profiles for the same individual across the three technology; and (3) explore whether technology acceptability profiles were associated with motivation for physical activity (PA), general causality orientations for PA and sociodemographic data.

Methods

Three hundred and twelve women with a mean age of 30.7 (SD=7.1) years, and a mean BMI of 34.9 (SD=9.2) kg/m2 were recruited from health services that provide obesity management. Enrolled participants completed an online survey including the following measures: motivation for PA, general causality orientations for PA, TbPAI acceptability for the three selected technologies based on the UTAUT2 model (Venkatesh et al., 2012), and sociodemographic data. Ethical approval was gained by local committee, and informed consent were obtained from the participants before data collected. We used a Latent Profile Transition Analysis (LPTA) approach.

Results

A 2-class model (high and low acceptability) best described latent classes for each technology. Acceptability profiles changed over the technologies. Among our sample, only 8.0% (n = 25) of women have low acceptability of all technologies, and 57.7% (n = 180) have high acceptability of all technologies. The covariate effect estimates showed significant effects of: (a) age and control causality orientation on video games acceptability profiles, (b) intrinsic motivation and impersonal causality orientation on videoconferencing profiles, and (c) control and impersonal causality orientations on mobile applications profiles.

Conclusions

A LPTA approach may prove usefulness in understanding TbPAI acceptability in the obesity treatment and have implications for implementation and dissemination of such technologies.
O5-5 Neighbourhood Walkability and Physical Activity: Moderating Role of a Physical Activity Interventions in Overweight and Obese Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Colom Antoni , Mavoa Suzanne , Ruiz Maurici , Wärnberg Julia , Muncunill Josep , Konieczna Jadwiga , Barón-López Francisco Javier , Vich Guillem , Fitó Montserrat , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Romaguera Dora
Published: August 2022

Background

While urban built environments might promote active ageing, an infrequently studied question is how the neighbourhood walkability modulates physical activity changes during a physical activity intervention program in older adults. We assessed the influence of objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability on the change in physical activity during the intervention program used in the ongoing PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus trial. PREDIMED-Plus is a parallel-group, randomized trial which tested the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular disease prevention, in overweight and obese participants with the metabolic syndrome.

Method

The present study involved 228 PREDIMED-Plus senior participants aged between 55 to 75, recruited in Palma de Mallorca (Spain). Overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome were randomized to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention or a control group (106 intervention group and 122 control group). A home neighborhood environment walkability index (residential density, land use mix, intersections density) was calculated using geographic information systems (1km sausage-network buffer). Physical activity was assessed using accelerometer for seven days, and a REGICOR validated physical activity questionnaire, at baseline and 2 follow-up visits (six-months and one-year later). Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) were fitted to estimate the association between the neighbourhood walkability index and changes in physical activity during follow-up.

Results

Higher neighbourhood walkability (1 z-score increment) was associated with moderate-to-vigorous accelerometer assessed physical activity duration, (ß = 3,44; 95% CI = 0.52;6.36 minutes per day). When analyses were stratified by intervention arm, the association was only observed in the intervention group (ß = 6.357; 95% CI = 2.07;10.64 minutes per day) (p for interaction = 0.055). There were no statistically significant associations between neighbourhood walkability and self-reported physical activity nor brisk walking duration.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the walkability of the neighbourhood could support a physical activity intervention, helping to maintain or increase older adults' objectively measured physical activity. This research may modify evidence on whether environmental factors modify habits acquisition during physical activity intervention programs.
O5-8 Drive for Muscularity Behaviors in Male Bodybuilders: A Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation
Authors: Meriaux-Scoffier Stéphanie , Chaba Lisa , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne
Published: August 2022

Background

The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have shown that drive for muscularity is a risk factor for eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Although several psychological variables have been related to drive for muscularity (e.g. body dissatisfaction), little is known about the motivational mechanisms underlying drive for muscularity.This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables were examined.

Methods

A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 hours per week and had done so for 7.19 years on average. A series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model.

Results

The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: X2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass.

Conclusions

It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Preventive actions may be important for male bodybuilders, who focus on gaining muscle mass. Specifically, such actions should be directed toward helping them to avoid developing controlled motivation because, although motivation for sport of any kind can be a direct or indirect risk factor for the development of deviant behavior, controlled motivation seems be put them at greater risk.
O6-2 Physical activity policy actions in Europe: the MOVING benchmarking tools
Authors: Oldridge-Turner Kate , Kokkorou Margarita , Vlad Ioana , Helleve Arnfinn , Fismen Anne-Siri , Mathisen Jonas Rekdal , Harbron Janetta , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Klepp Knut Inge , Allen Kate
Published: August 2022

Background

Global research shows a strong link between physical activity and risk of developing non-communicable diseases. To increase physical activity levels, governments must design and implement a comprehensive set of policy actions across a range of areas. To aid governments in this process, the MOVING benchmarking tool was developed to assess the strength of policies across three domains that make up a comprehensive approach to physical activity policy.

Methods

The MOVING benchmarking tool, which was developed using a consultative process that reviewed evidence on physical activity policy design and existing benchmarking tools, built on the policy areas of the MOVING framework. It values the strength of policy design, based on evidence-informed and aspirational attributes of effective policy-making that impacts health-related behaviours, with a focus on adolescents. The tool was applied to a set of physical activity policies from five countries: Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal and UK. These countries were selected based on their participation in the EU-funded CO-CREATE project, which focuses on prevention of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Relevant physical activity policies in each participating country were identified based on a comprehensive scan, with a set methodology.

Results

The MOVING benchmarks assessed the strengths and weaknesses in the design of policies across the policy areas of the MOVING policy framework. They produced an overall assessment of policy environments for physical activity across the five countries, as well as an assessment of each individual policy area within the framework, such as walking and cycling infrastructure and active transport. Further, by allowing a fast assessment of many physical activity policies, the benchmarking tool enabled an analysis of the interplay of single policies and drawing conclusions about the overall policy environment in the five countries.

Conclusion

The MOVING benchmarking tools can identify gaps and assess the strength of actions taken by national governments to promote physical activity, and can be used by policymakers, researchers and civil society to inform advocacy for and design of policies. The scores generated by the benchmarking tool will be amalgamated into an overall policy index for 27 European countries.
O6-4 Passion, problems, and pathways forward: United Kingdom physical activity policy-makers' experiences of working in complex systems
Authors: Rigby Benjamin , Dodd-Reynolds Caroline , Oliver Emily
Published: August 2022

Background

Insufficient attention to the inherent complexity of health ecosystems, through policy intervention, has precluded the development of sustainable and equitable solutions for health enhancing physical activity. While complexity and systems-thinking is becoming increasingly prevalent in policy discourse, little research has examined the implications of these approaches for developing national-level physical activity policies. Our project was the first to engage physical activity policy-makers, from across different sectors, in a discussion about their understanding of complexity and its effects on their efforts to influence systemic change.

Methods

Ten national-level United Kingdom physical activity policy-makers were recruited through a purposive sampling strategy. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The data set was rigorously analysed using a thematic analysis.

Results

All participants were bound by a collective culture of passion (theme 1) and enterprise in developing policy solutions for physical inactivity. However, making sense of the issue's complexity was not always easy. Our study revealed problems (theme 2) in that policy-makers were uncertain in their attempts to define complexity and its perceived implications for their work. Similarities drawn between physical inactivity and other public health issues resulted in policy-makers disassociating themselves from it, leaving them somewhat unable to identify their role and responsibility, and that of others, in addressing the problem. Pathways forward (theme 3) included leadership and other mechanisms to connect the system in effective advocacy, support and collaboration for physical activity promotion and policy implementation. Here connections were made to the ecological and technological developments that societies face.

Conclusions

Our project advances knowledge on complexity and physical activity policy with critical implications for policy-making and broader decision-making for promoting health enhancing physical activity. The findings suggest that, in order to achieve reasonable and sustainable goals, it is important to embrace interconnectedness and create a shared platform for policy-makers to convene and reconcile their views and roles. Particular attention to identifying and operationalising leadership, policy levers and implementation factors in local systems is warranted. Focus needs to be placed on mechanisms that contribute to system cohesion, support the diffusion of best practice and knowledge exchange, and facilitate multi-sectoral policy-making.
O6-5 Can the development of a physical activity counseling network help fostering effective local policies for the attention of inactive people? Mugiment Gipuzkoa
Authors: Iturrioz Iñaki , Asurmendi Unai , Amiama Jon
Published: August 2022

Issue

In the province of Gipuzkoa, 34.1% of women and 32.1% of men do not reach the minimum levels of healthy physical activity. On the other hand, there is an important influence of social determinants, the gap on physical activity between the richest 10% and the poorest 10% is 28 points.

Description

Mugiment Gipuzkoa is a multicomponent and multilevel initiative whose objective is the promotion of physical activity in the population. One of the main strategies is the development of a network of physical activity counseling services (PACS). In this network the autonomous, provincial and local government of different sectors such as health, sports, social services and education are called to act in coordination. The objective of the PACS network, is to cause the change of behavior in the inactive population, but also to reorient the policies of local entities regarding physical activity. The PACS connect sports services to the local services of different sectors, articulating referral protocols.

Results

At the beginning of 2020 Gipuzkoa has 23 PACS in 16 municipalities. In 2018, 16 PACS corresponding to 12 municipalities have been evaluated. 778 people have attended to the services, the user profile is of an adult or aged woman, inactive, who came from the health center or autonomously. Most of them (73%), opted for autonomous physical activity. Pre-post methodology has been inplemented using a sample of 365 participants. Analized the clinical health history, we observe a positive trend on BMI, physical activity and less use of health resources at six months.

Lessons

Coordinated action between different levels of the administration and different sectors is key to the accompaniment of local entities when developing policies aimed at the inactive population. In the case of social and educational services, the experience of collaboration is limited, so it is necessary to deepen these sectors.

Main message

The establishment of a network of services for orientation to physical activity can serve to foster the development of effective local policies that focus on inactive people.
O6-6 The added value of using the HEPA PAT for physical activity policy monitoring: A four-country comparison
Authors: Gelius Peter , Messing Sven , Sarah Forberger , Lakerveld Jeroen , Fiona Mansergh , Sarah Taylor , Wendel-Vos Wanda , Zukowska Joanna , Woods Catherine
Published: August 2022

Background

Public policy is increasingly recognized as an important component of physical activity (PA) promotion, as policy actions to address lifestyle behaviours have the potential to in?uence the health and well-being of an entire population. However, our knowledge about the current status, implementation and effectiveness of PA policies in individual countries is still very limited, and there is consequently no clear guidance on which policies governments should preferably use in different settings or under various preconditions. In order to improve the evidence-base, we conducted a detailed assessment of existing PA policies in four EU Member States using WHO's HEPA Policy Audit Tool (PAT) in the context of the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN).

Methods

We employed a six-step process to administer the HEPA PAT Version 2 in Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Poland. This involved identifying stakeholders, pre-filling parts of the tool using existing survey data and desk-research, approaching select institutions to verify details, and obtaining expert opinion via workshops, interviews, and/or questionnaires. Based on the four completed PATs, we performed a comparative analysis to identify similarities and differences between countries and with previous studies using the tool.

Results

In all four countries, the health and sport sector were found to be most active in PA promotion, followed by education, transport, and environment/urban planning. All countries have national systems to monitor population PA levels, and three out of four already have national PA recommendations. The study also showed that policy context (e.g. ministry portfolios, importance of subnational governments) varies substantially between countries. This influences policy implementation and made it necessary to employ a bespoke approach in each country to obtain the required information.

Conclusions

Our findings largely confirm results of previous studies using the PAT in other countries. They also indicate that using the tool in combination with other policy monitoring tools, e.g. the EU Monitoring Framework for HEPA across Sectors, may provide added value and help countries monitor policy progress more consistently. Our experience also confirms some known limitations of the PAT, e.g. regarding subnational policies and a high level of dependence on cooperation from key policy actors.
O6-7 Community sport coach's potential to enhance health
Authors: Stam Wikke van , Pulles Ine , Lindert Caroline van , Heijnen Eva
Published: August 2022

In 2008 Community sport coaches (CSC) were introduced in the Netherlands as a policy instrument to motivate inhabitants to become physically active, by connecting the sport sector with other sectors (e.g. health, education). Almost 6000 CSC are currently active throughout 98% of Dutch municipalities. We used Jolley's model to examine the use of CSC as a complex local sport policy instrument for health enhancement (Jolley, 2014; Van Lindert et al., 2017). The question we aimed to answer was: To which extent is the CSC program used for health enhancement? We will share the impact of this policy program in the Netherlands and discuss the relevance and implications for other countries.

In 2019, we conducted an online questionnaire to examine the health incentives and outcomes (e.g. sectors, target groups, goals) of local CSC programmes among all municipalities implementing CSC (n = 347). We also surveyed our CSC (n = 100) and CSC employers (n = 27) panels about their work on health enhancement.

Findings show that health enhancement is not often an explicit goal of CSC programmes. No national goals of the program address health explicitly and only 27% of municipal goals for CSC are focused on health. Nevertheless, the governmental health department and/or local health parties are often (82%) involved in CSC policy decision making (e.g. by paying part of the finances and/or by employing CSC). This results in a contribution to health enhancement of almost all (98%) local CSC programmes. Findings show that CSC connect the sport sector with the health sector in 96% of the municipalities, coaches/employers have often collaborated with health organisations last year (respectively 81% and 100%) and/or CSC work with inactive and/or overweighed inhabitants (69%)).

CSC are responsible for motivating people to become physically active, and logically this has an impact on health. Despite the lack of explicit goals, local CSC programmes are intertwined with health incentives and outcomes. But often the exact effects on health are unknown. More explicit and specific health goals may increase the impact of sport policy on health enhancement. Facilitators and barriers relevant to further national and international implementation of CSC programmes will be discussed.