bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade da água e índice de estado trófico em rio amazônico: o caso do rio Pará do Uruará
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel da Conceição , Flexa Luana de Nazaré Amorim , Sousa Cássia Caroline Dantas de , Saldanha Edinelson Correa , Flexa Gustavo da Silva , Souza Ana Camila Garcia Sena
Published: June 2022

A grande malha hidroviária da Amazônia possui expressiva importância para a população ribeirinha, sendo de fundamental importância para a sobrevivência humana e da natureza. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água de um rio amazônico, por meio de parâmetros físicos, químicos e/ou biológicos, assim como, estimar se há influência da sazonalidade e avaliar o índice de estado trófico (IET). A área de estudo compreende as águas do rio Pará do Uruará, o qual banha o Distrito de Santa Maria do Uruará, município de Prainha- PA. Foram analisados 4 pontos ao longo do rio, num perímetro de 4 km, aos quais foram denominados: pontos 1, ponto 2, ponto 3 e ponto 4, em dois períodos sazonais (inverno/verão), sendo avaliadas as variáveis de condutividade elétrica, clorofila A, cor aparente, dureza, fósforo total, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, coliformes termotolerante e Eschirichia coli. De acordo com os resultados, foi possível observar, que os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, mostraram em 3 dos 4 pontos que a cor se apresentou em inconformidade com a portaria GM/MS N° 888 de 21. Além disso, a variável do oxigênio dissolvido em 3 pontos apresentou-se em inconformidade com resolução CONAMA n° 357/05 no período de inverno. Em relação à sazonalidade, a pesquisa mostrou que há diferenças significativas na qualidade da água, de acordo com o período na qual ela está sendo avaliada. A partir deste trabalho, é possível perceber que estudar a qualidade da água em comunidades ribeirinhas é de suma importância e que é necessária a implementação de novas políticas públicas que visem a proteção dos corpos hídricos, assim como alertar a população sobre a importância da preservação da qualidade da água e do meio ambiente.
Características de Consumidores à luz do Foco Regulatório, Preocupação Ambiental e Experiências Turísticas em Destinos Sustentáveis.
Authors: Campos Maria Lindinez dos Santos , Costa Marconi Freitas da , Padilha Thayze Pinto Cândido , Silva João Paulo Oliveira da
Published: June 2022

As consequências dos hábitos de consumo turístico estão mais presentes nos indivíduos com base em critérios como preocupação ambiental, preservação dos destinos visitados e ciência das consequências ambientais causadas por atitudes e posturas inadequadas. No intuito de compreender diferentes características do turista-consumidor abordamos os constructos Foco Regulatório, Preocupação Ambiental, Experiência do Consumidor e Destinações Turísticas Sustentáveis para embasar as análises junto ao material coletado. Essa pesquisa tem cunho qualitativo de natureza exploratória, com amostragem não probabilística, realizada através de entrevistas com turistas. Conclui-se que o foco em prevenção tem maior influência quando se trata na decisão de compra de um destino turístico e, apesar do consumidor ter maior consciência das consequências do consumo e buscar mais por produtos sustentáveis, ainda assim, não se torna motivação na escolha de um destino turístico sustentável.
La recepción del ensayo audiovisual español contemporáneo
Authors: Mínguez-Arranz Norberto , Clemente-Mediavilla Jorge , Deltell Escolar Luis
Published: June 2022

El ensayo es una forma audiovisual no suficientemente estudiada y su recepción por parte de los públicos españoles es aún menos conocida. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un proyecto de investigación sobre la percepción y recepción del ensayo audiovisual español contemporáneo cuyo objetivoes determinar qué espacio ocupa el ensayo audiovisual en la consideración de profesionales y espectadores relacionando la investigación de obras específicas con la investigación de las audiencias y los contextos de producción y distribución. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa mediante la organización de cuatro grupos de discusión con distintos perfiles: expertos, directores de ensayo audiovisual, público actual y público potencial. La investigación desvela la caracterización del ensayo audiovisual como una forma híbrida, reconocible, pero de difícil definición. En ella predomina la subjetividad de un autor que despliega una línea de pensamiento y su propio proceso de construcción. El ensayo audiovisual se describe como una producción artesanal, de bajo coste y que ofrece un alto grado de libertad creativa e independencia. Se detectan limitaciones en su proceso de distribución, si bien encuentra canales alternativos en festivales, museos, centros culturales y plataformas en la red. Con el ensayo la exhibición tradicional es sustituida por el evento cultural. Sus espectadores configuran una audiencia culta, minoritaria y endogámica que disfruta del arte y que encuentra en ello un elemento de distinción.
Maestro Joaquín Maestre, ‘in memoriam’
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Lalueza Ferran
Published: June 2022

A Joaquín Maestre Morata, el merecido epíteto de «padre de las relaciones públicas» en Cataluña y en España le ha acompañado durante más de seis décadas. La noticia de su muerte, pues, provoca cierta sensación de orfandad en quienes hemos puesto esta disciplina de la comunicación persuasiva en el centro de nuestra actividad profesional, docente e investigadora. En definitiva, en quienes amamos las relaciones públicas y, siguiendo la estela del maestro Maestre, trabajamos desde este rincón del mundo para impulsar su conocimiento y su reconocimiento.
Explosión creativa contra la tenencia de armas
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Compte Pujol Marc
Published: June 2022

Buena parte de la opinión pública global se opone a las armas. Se opone a su venta legal o ilegal; a su uso militar por parte de los Estados que quieren imponer sus ideas mediante la fuerza; a su (ab)uso por parte de las fuerzas policiales; y, sobre todo, a la tenencia privada de armas. Algo que nos puede parecer muy lejano a nuestras latitudes, pero que en lugares como los Estados Unidos de América forma parte de su identidad nacional y parece un quiste difícil de extirpar.
The Importance of Teacher-Student Relationship for Distance Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rubat du Mérac Emiliane , Sensin Ceyda , Livi Stefano
Published: June 2022

Online education has become mandatory in all countries since the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to provide practical inspiration for schools to improve online learning and teaching efficacy, and satisfaction, we explored the distance learning experience of 427 upper secondary school students in Italy. Rather than focusing on the relevance of digital tools and abilities, as most e-learning studies do, we focused on the function and influence of the teacher-student relationship and how online learning affects that connection. The study’s findings revealed that even if the technology was the central focus of upgrading the educational system, the satisfaction for the Distal Learning education is heavily based on teachers’ ability to maintain a high-quality relationship. Indeed, the quality of the relationship is a far better predictor of student satisfaction, with online education satisfaction having substantially higher coefficients than technology satisfaction, even controlling for both teachers’ and students’ technological knowledge. We also found a significant moderating effect in the interaction between quality of the relationship and technology satisfaction, implying that when students are satisfied with the technology used in online education, a high-quality relationship with teachers can boost satisfaction.
Health Through the Space Lens
Authors: Wæhler Turid Austin
Published: June 2022

The article discusses cultural perceptions and interpretations of health and illness in a Svalbard context through the analysis of the novels Longyearbyen (2020) by the Norwegian writer Heidi Sævareid and The Arctic Novel (1964) by the Soviet writer Vladlen Anchishkin. Both novels use Svalbard of the 1950s as a setting for portraying issues related to health and illness.

It is evident from the analyses that issues related to health and illness were essential in both Norwegian and Russian settlements on Svalbard in the 1950s. Many of the same diseases and incidents, such as mining injuries, hypothermia and appendicitis, are prevalent in both novels. An interesting difference is that The Arctic Novel does not contain references to psychiatric diseases, even though they were presumably relevant for the inhabitants on Svalbard, irrespectively of their geographical provenance and social background.

One of the overarching themes that arises from these texts, is how the spatial setting directly affects health and illness. Living on Svalbard has clear effects for the health and well-being of the main characters in both novels. Another fundamental theme is how individuals fit into a larger context. These themes are important also today, when discussing for instance access to health care in remote areas (such as Svalbard), or when exploring the international presence on Svalbard from a geopolitical perspective.
Agrochemical control of gene expression using evolved split RNA polymerase
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Miao Jin
Published: June 2022

Chemically-inducible gene expression systems are valuable tools for rational control of gene expression both for basic research and biotechnology. However, most chemical inducers are confined to certain groups of organisms. Therefore, dissecting interactions between different organisms could be challenging using existing chemically-inducible systems. We engineered a mandipropamid-induced gene expression system (Mandi-T7) based on evolved split T7 RNAP system. As a proof-of-principle, we induced GFP expression in E. coli cells grown inside plant tissue.
A Review on Breeding in Ornamental Crops for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: Atal Heera Lal , Srilakshmi Daripalli , Debbarma Kunal , Jena Lopamudra , Ichancha Meikam
Published: June 2022

Abiotic stresses are major concerns in agriculture sector affecting large parts of India. It is caused by Drought, salinity and temperature (high/low) representing a major constraint over crop growth rate and productivity. In ornamental crops meagre efforts have been done towards this way. Now a day’s ornamental crops are the prospective way to earn higher income as compared to the other crops and have a significant role in national GDP. How can we grow Ornamental crops in stressed condition is one of the major challenge. To get tolerance power against abiotic stress various ways have been developed but among all methods very few have been proved worthy in case of ornamental crops. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization is the basic way found hopeful strategy to improve tolerance against drought in some crops through domesticating abiotic stress-tolerant gens from their wild species into cultivated. Combination of both tissue culture and induces mutation approach (In vitro mutagenesis) is the one more important way for bringing stress tolerance and improvement in yield and quality of Ornamental crop plants. Genetic engineering is the modern tool which is used for breeding programme. The introduction of innovative characteristics such as new colours, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in ornamental crops are usually difficult through predictable breeding, but by the use of genetic transformation we can get is easily.
Relativistic Effect of Non Rigid in Motion: Volume Contraction in All Directions; Space around it Warped
Authors: Tu Runsheng
Published: June 2022

Ignoring the internal structure of moving objects and treating them as rigid bodies is not only out of practice but also inconsistent with the spirit of scientific exploration. To change this status quo, consider the relativistic effects of real object motion. Consider the mass-velocity relationship as an initial mechanism to discuss the effect of velocity on the space around an object and on the volume of the object. The relativistic mass-velocity relationship and the relationship between atomic radius and mass together constitute one of the physical mechanisms for the volume contraction of objects due to motion. A series of new conclusions are obtained, such as: the space distortion of a moving system with mass due to inertial motion at ultra-high speed, and even the generation of neutron like stars or black holes; the 3D contraction of objects due to motion; Because the empty space can neither bear nor exert force, in terms of mechanical performance, space and object are always independent of each other, and space cannot move (at most, its motion can only be set subjectively); Even maintaining inertial motion does not guarantee that space is flat, and special relativity can only be approximated at best. It shakes the position of the theoretical criterion of "covariance under Lorentz transformation". It lays a solid foundation for transforming the view of relative space-time into the view of relative absolute space-time and giving birth to the theory of relative absolute.
İZMİR SUİKASTI DAVASI VE İTTİHATÇILARIN MİLLİ ŞİRKETLERDEN TASFİYESİ
Authors: Can Ayşegül
Published: June 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda yenilmesi, İttihat ve
Terakki hükümetinin de sonunu getirdi. Cemiyetin önde gelen
liderleri ülkeden ayrılırken, geriye kalan İttihatçılar Millî Mücadele
sürecinde aktif rol oynadılar. Millî Mücadele dönemi gerek İstanbul
hükümeti gerekse de İtilaf Devletleri tarafından bir İttihatçı hareketi
şeklinde değerlendirildi. Bu durum Millî Mücadele’nin önder
kadrosunun İttihatçılara karşı daha dikkatli yaklaşmasına neden
oldu. Mustafa Kemal ise bu sırada İttihatçıların kontrolü ele
geçirme teşebbüsleri olabileceği hususunda birtakım tedbirler aldı.
Millî Mücadele’nin başarıyla sonuçlanması ve yeni bir devletin
doğuşu esnasında İttihatçıların bir kısmı birinci dönem TBMM’de
yer aldı. İlerleyen süreçte meclisteki İkinci Grup ve Terakkiperver
Cumhuriyet Fırkası safında muhalefet kanadını temsil ettiler. 1926
yılında gerçekleştirilen İzmir Suikastı failleri arasında İttihatçıların
önde gelenlerinin de bulunduğunun düşünülmesi, siyasi ve iktisadi
sahadan tasfiye edilmeleri aşamasını başlattı. Çalışmanın
yapılmasındaki en önemli amaç, İzmir Suikastı yargılamalarında
İttihatçıların bulunma gerekçelerini ve milli kuruluşların
hangilerinin tasfiye işlemlerine tabi tutulduğunu ortaya koymaktır.
Böylece suikast nedeniyle gerçekleştirilen siyasi tasfiyenin aslında
iktisadi sahada da devam ettiği görüldü. Bununla birlikte
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e intikal eden ve Türk iktisat tarihinde
önemli yer edinen milli şirketlerin bir kısmının akıbeti de ortaya
çıkmış oldu
Middle-aged Woman With Atypical Upper Eyelid Retraction
Authors: Homer Natalie A. , Darrow Morgan
Published: June 2022

A 42-year-old woman with a history of functional pituitary adenoma, breast cancer in remission on tamoxifen therapy, and prior bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis surgery presents with blurring and sensation of eye dryness. What would you do?
Annexin V‐Modified Platelet‐Biomimetic Nanomedicine for Targeted Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Quan Xingping , Han Yan , Lu Pengde , Ding Yuanfu , Wang Qingfu , Li Yiyang , Wei Jianwen , Huang Qiaoxian , Wang Ruibing , Zhao Yonghua
Published: June 2022

Thromboembolic stroke is typically characterized by the activation of platelets, resulting in thrombus in the cerebral vascular system, leading to high morbidity and mortality globally. Intravenous thrombolysis by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration within 4.5 h from the onset of symptoms is providing a standard therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, but this reagent simultaneously shows potential serious adverse effects, e.g., hemorrhagic transformation. Herein, a novel delivery platform based on Annexin V and platelet membrane is developed for tPA (APLT‐PA) to enhance targeting efficiency, therapeutic effects, and reduce the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. After preparation by extrusion of platelet membrane and subsequent insertion of Annexin V to liposomes, APLT‐PA exhibits a high targeting efficiency to activated platelet in vitro and thrombosis site in vivo, due to the binding to phosphatidylserine (PS) and activated platelet membrane proteins. One dose of APLT‐PA leads to obvious thrombolysis and significant improvement of neurological function within 7 days in mice with photochemically induced acute ischemic stroke. This study provides a novel, safe platelet‐biomimetic nanomedicine for precise thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and offers new theories for the design and exploitation of cell‐mimetic nanomedicine for diverse biomedical applications.
Targeted profiling of rodent unconjugated bile acids using GC–MS to determine the influence of high‐fat diet
Authors: Wang Hongbin , He Shi , Wang Ruijia , Zou Xiaotong , Sun Zepeng , Lu Fuping
Published: June 2022

Unconjugated bile acids (BAs) have gained more attention than conjugated BAs in the association studies among diet, gut microbiota, and diseases. GC–MS is probably a good choice for specialized analysis of unconjugated BAs due to its high separation capacity and identification convenience. However, few reports have focused on the rodent unconjugated BAs using GC–MS, and the main library for identification has not included rodent‐specific BAs. We developed a GC–MS method for targeted profiling of eight main unconjugated BAs in rodent models, which showed excellent performance on sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy. Quantitative reproducibility in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 2.05–2.91%, with detection limits of 3–55 ng/mL, quantitation limits of 9–182 ng/mL, and the recovery rate of 72–115%. All the calibration curves displayed good linearity with correlation coefficient values (R2) more than 0.99. Using the established method, the influence of high‐fat diet on the metabolism of unconjugated BAs was revealed. Significant increase in fecal unconjugated BAs induced by high‐fat diet would be a potential risk to gut inflammation and cancer. The study provides a convenient and targeted GC–MS method for specialized profiling of rodent unconjugated BAs in physiological and pathological studies.
Boosting environmental management: The mediating role of Industry 4.0 between environmental assets and economic and social firm performance
Authors: Torrent‐Sellens Joan , Ficapal‐Cusí Pilar , Enache‐Zegheru Mihaela
Published: June 2022

The adoption of new innovative ecosystems linked to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in industrial firms has created new opportunities for performance. In this study, we investigate whether I4.0 can reinforce environmental asset management in achieving firm economic and social performance. We intend to contrast the existence of I4.0‐based reward mechanisms for being green. Using a panel of 1028 Spanish industrial firms in 2009–2016 period and a partial least squares structural equation modelling econometric methodology, the research has obtained two main results. First, the management of environmental assets generates positive effects on the economic and social performance of the industrial firm. Second, research findings confirm the mediating role of I4.0, which ends up reinforcing the relationship between environmental assets and the economic and social firm performance. The results obtained highlight the importance of complementary relationships between digital and environmental transformation to promote firm performance. Implications for firm strategy and business models are also discussed.
Examining the effects of conflicting reviews on customers' purchase intentions from a product attributes perspective
Authors: Xu Xiaoxia , Jin Yufang
Published: June 2022

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of conflicting online reviews on purchase intention. However, only a few studies have focused on the effects from a product attributes perspective. The present study seeks to investigate the role of conflicting online reviews between two different attributes in online consumption scenario that can bridge this gap. Across two experiments, the findings revealed that compared with a medium evaluation, conflicting extreme evaluation reviews between two different attributes decrease consumers' purchase intentions; cognitive dissonance functions as a psychological mechanism. Consumers with prevention focus experience a greater cognitive dissonance when faced with conflicting reviews than those with a promotional focus. The conclusions would provide tremendous implications for academic research and future enterprise practice.
Unilateral silent sinus syndrome: A case report
Authors: Gaffuri Michele , di Furia Domenico , Battilocchi Ludovica , Torretta Sara , Accorona Remo , Pignataro Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare clinical condition, commonly unilateral, secondary to the obstruction of the osteomeatal complex, subsequent negative pressure in the maxillary sinus, and collapse of the orbit floor and sinus walls. We describe a case of unilateral SSS treated by means of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Battery research with polymeric natural materials – redox‐flow‐batteries with lignin and humic acids
Authors: Rosenberg Dominique
Published: June 2022

Lignin und Huminsäuren sind polymere Naturstoffe, die sich für einen Einsatz als Elektrolyten in Redox‐Flow‐Batterien eignen. Dabei handelt es sich bei Lignin um einen nachwachsenden Rohstoff, der in Pflanzen und vor allem in Holz enthalten ist. Huminsäuren sind ebenfalls ein Naturprodukt, die im Torf und in Braunkohle als Abbauprodukte pflanzlichen Materials vorhanden sind. Beide Naturstoffe sind bedenkenlos und für schulische Experimente zu Redox‐Flow‐Batterien geeignet, die im Folgendem mit einem einfachen Versuchsaufbau für die Schule vorgestellt werden.
Digital and differentiated learning in student laboratories: the concept of digitalchemlab
Authors: ter Horst Nicolai , Wilke Timm
Published: June 2022

Digitalen Medien wird das Potenzial zugeschrieben, Schüler:innen zu Experten des eigenen Lernens zu machen. Darunter wird verstanden, dass sie den eigenen Lernprozess kontrollieren und Zeitpunkt, Art und Umfang der Unterstützung selbst bestimmen können. An der Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena entsteht im Bereich der Chemiedidaktik deshalb ein Schülerlabor, welches schwerpunktmäßig der Erprobung und Erforschung digitaler Medien dient. Dieser Artikel beschreibt das zugrunde liegende Konzept zum Aufbau eines digitalen Schülerlabors und umreißt ein erstes Forschungsvorhaben.
Disabled, invisible and dismissed—The lived experience of fatigue in people with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Bradford Ashleigh , Young Ken , Whitechurch Ashley , Burbury Kate , Pearson Elizabeth Jane M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are rare haematological cancers. Several studies report the most common MPN symptom leading to reduced quality of life is fatigue. Yet, how fatigue affects the lives of people with MPN is not well described.

Aims

The purpose of this qualitative study is to better understand the lived experience of fatigue associated with MPN.

Methods and results

People with MPN who had experienced fatigue were invited to complete an online survey and if eligible, then to participate in semi‐structured interviews and focus groups, exploring their experiences of fatigue. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts by two researchers produced themes describing the lived experience of fatigue. Twenty‐three people with MPN participated in seven interviews and four focus groups. Qualitative data revealed how fatigue significantly affected participants' experiences of functional, social, family and emotional wellbeing. Participants reported that fatigue was infrequently acknowledged or addressed by health professionals, and a lack of information or support to manage their fatigue. Four themes including 12 sub‐themes describe the experience of fatigue in MPN: (1) the distress of the MPN diagnosis, (2) sensations of fatigue, (3) daily life and emotional burden with fatigue and (4) how people managed their fatigue with limited guidance.

Conclusion

Fatigue in MPN is common, debilitating and distressing. It affects all aspects of health, wellbeing and life. Health professionals could affect patients' lives substantially by acknowledging and understanding fatigue in MPN, including contributing factors and potential opportunities for management. More systematic data describing the causes and management of MPN fatigue is needed.
Brightness appearance of self‐luminous stimuli on a non‐uniform background
Authors: Phung Thanh Hang , Kong Xiangzhen , Leloup Frédéric B. , Smet Kevin A. G. , Hanselaer Peter
Published: June 2022

Color appearance models (CAM) generate a set of visual correlates attributed to a stimulus such as hue, brightness, and saturation. However, most of their applicability is limited to stimuli perceived on a uniform background. Additionally, when focusing on brightness, multiple studies have been performed to model the mechanisms of brightness perception of a stimulus on a non‐uniform background. In this paper, experimental data are gathered and the insights of both approaches are combined. The influence of adding a neutral ring‐shaped luminous area in the background of a neutral circular stimulus has been investigated via a series of psychophysics experiments. The ring is presented at three luminance levels (90, 335, 1200 cd/m2) with three thicknesses (0.33, 0.67, and 1.00 cm) at four angular distances to the edge of the stimulus (1.2°, 6.4°, 11.3° and 16.1°). It is observed that when the ring is closer to the stimulus, the brightness inhibition becomes larger; obviously, the impact is also related to the ring's area and luminance. Inspired by the classical CAM, the cone excitations corresponding to the stimulus and the background are inserted in a compression‐adaptation formula to obtain a cone response proportional to the perceived brightness. The semi‐saturation constant occurring in this formula is modelled as a function of the cone excitation, the distance and the width of the ring. The results are overall promising, yet the model shows some shortcomings and more complex weighting functions might be needed. In the future, image‐based approaches should get more attention.
Establishing combination PAC‐1 and TRAIL regimens for treating ovarian cancer based on patient‐specific pharmacokinetic profiles using in silico clinical trials
Authors: Cardinal Olivia , Burlot Chloé , Fu Yangxin , Crosley Powel , Hitt Mary , Craig Morgan , Jenner Adrianne L.
Published: June 2022

Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed in its late stages, and new treatment modalities are needed to improve patient outcomes and survival. We have recently established the synergistic effects of combination tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and procaspase activating compound (PAC‐1) therapies in granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary, a rare form of ovarian cancer, using a mathematical model of the effects of both drugs in a GCT cell line. Here, to understand the mechanisms of combined TRAIL and PAC‐1 therapy, study the viability of this treatment strategy, and accelerate preclinical translation, we leveraged our mathematical model in combination with population pharmacokinetics (PKs) models of both TRAIL and PAC‐1 to expand a realistic heterogeneous cohort of virtual patients and optimize treatment schedules. Using this approach, we investigated treatment responses in this virtual cohort and determined optimal therapeutic schedules based on patient‐specific PK characteristics. Our results showed that schedules with high initial doses of PAC‐1 were required for therapeutic efficacy. Further analysis of individualized regimens revealed two distinct groups of virtual patients within our cohort: one with high PAC‐1 elimination and one with normal PAC‐1 elimination. In the high elimination group, high weekly doses of both PAC‐1 and TRAIL were necessary for therapeutic efficacy; however, virtual patients in this group were predicted to have a worse prognosis when compared to those in the normal elimination group. Thus, PAC‐1 PK characteristics, particularly clearance, can be used to identify patients most likely to respond to combined PAC‐1 and TRAIL therapy. This work underlines the importance of quantitative approaches in preclinical oncology.
Multivariate fuzzy logic‐based ad hoc on‐demand distance vector protocol under the impact of node mobility in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Mehta Ridhima
Published: June 2022

Efficient routing of generated packets through the network with minimal overhead in path discovery and subsequent route maintenance is the fundamental objective required in the modern wireless network operation. Recently, the application of autonomic computational learning techniques for design and optimization of routing protocols in ad hoc networks is substantially gaining the research interest. The commonly deployed soft computing methodology of fuzzy inference system is capable of handling uncertain and imprecise networking information related to the frequently changing states of generic mobile technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel fuzzy logic‐based ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (FL‐AODV) routing protocol employing the multivariate cross‐layer design architecture to optimize the multiple performance parameters in wireless ad hoc networks. This fuzzy optimization framework essentially applies the header length from data link and physical layers, route timeout from network layer, and node mobility speed from application layer as inputs to the fuzzification interface. Besides, bit rate for application layer and communication range parameter for data link layer are scrutinized as the fuzzy outputs derived from the defuzzifier. The designed adaptive routing protocol is extensively assessed through simulation experimental analysis under the varying effects of node mobility conditions. Various network performance attributes including the reception cache hit, packet delivery ratio, packet errors, ping loss rate, mean throughput, and delay are computed and analyzed for comprehensive comparison between the presented fuzzy‐based FL‐AODV and classical AODV routing mechanisms. Finally, we compare our fuzzy routing model with previous algorithms to demonstrate its efficacy in terms of key performance metrics of throughput and delay.
Combined endoscopic mAnagement of BiliaRy and gastrIc OutLET obstruction (CABRIOLET Study): A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Bronswijk Michiel , van Wanrooij Roy LJ , Dell'Anna Giuseppe , Laleman Wim , van Malenstein Hannah , Voermans Rogier P , Fockens Paul , Van der Merwe Schalk , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Combined biliary obstruction and gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) represent a challenging clinical scenario despite developments in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as GOO might impair EUS‐guided biliary drainage. Little is known about the effectiveness of different therapeutic combinations used to treat double obstruction, especially regarding stent patency.

Methods

All consecutive patients with double obstruction treated between 2016 and 2021 in three tertiary academic centres were eligible for inclusion. Five combinations involving enteral stenting (ES), EUS‐guided gastroenterostomy (EUS‐GE), hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS), choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS), and transpapillary biliary stenting (TPS) were evaluated for dysfunction during follow‐up, either as proportions or dysfunction‐free survival (DFS) using Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results

Ninety‐three patients were included (male 46%; age 67 [interquartile range 60–76] years; pancreatic cancer 73%, metastatic 57%), resulting in 103 procedure combinations. Different combinations showed significantly different overall dysfunction rates (p = 0.009), ranging from the null rate of EUS‐GE+HG to the 18% rate of EUS‐GE+TPS, 31% of EUS‐GE+EUS‐CD, 53% of ES+TPS and 83% of ES+EUS‐CDS. Sub‐analyses restricted to biliary dysfunction confirmed these trends. A multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards regression of DFS, a stenosis distal to the papilla (HR 3.2 [1.5–6.9]) and ES+EUS‐CDS (HR 5.6 [2–15.7]) independently predicted dysfunction.

Conclusions

Despite a lack of statistical power per combination, this study introduces new associations beyond the increased risk of GOO recurrence with ES versus EUS‐GE. EUS‐CDS showed reduced effectiveness and frequent dysfunction in the context of GOO, especially when combined with ES. EUS‐GE+HGS or EUS‐GE+TPS in this setting might result in superior patency. These results suggest that a prospective evaluation of the optimal endoscopic approach to malignant double obstruction is needed.
Review of potential biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Khanijou Vuthi , Zafari Neda , Coughlan Melinda T. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Ekinci Elif I.
Published: June 2022

Diabetic kidney disease is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decades with rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide. Current measures of kidney function based on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate do not accurately stratify and predict individuals at risk of declining kidney function in diabetes. As a result, recent attention has turned towards identifying and assessing the utility of biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the current literature on biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury focussing on studies of single or multiple biomarkers between January 2014 and February 2020. Multiple serum and urine biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury have demonstrated significant association with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1 and ‐2 were frequently studied and appear to hold most promise as markers of diabetic kidney disease. With regards to kidney injury biomarkers, studies have largely targeted markers of tubular injury of which kidney injury molecule‐1, beta‐2‐microglobulin and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin emerged as potential candidates. Finally, the use of a small panel of selective biomarkers appears to perform just as well as a panel of multiple biomarkers for predicting kidney function decline.
The effects of a half century of warming and fire exclusion on montane forests of the Klamath Mountains, California, USA
Authors: Jules Erik S. , DeSiervo Melissa H. , Reilly Matthew J. , Bost Drew S. , Butz Ramona J.
Published: June 2022

Climate warming and altered disturbance regimes are changing forest composition and structure worldwide. Given that species often exhibit individualistic responses to change, making predictions about the cumulative effects of multiple stressors across environmental gradients is challenging, especially in diverse communities. For example, warming temperatures are predicted to drive species upslope, whereas fire exclusion promotes the expansion of species at lower elevations where fire was historically frequent. We resampled 148 vegetation plots to assess 46 years (1969–2015) of species and community‐level response to warming and fire exclusion in a topographically complex landscape in the Klamath Mountains, California, USA, a diverse region that served as a climate refugia throughout the Holocene. We compared cover and assessed change in the elevational distributions of 12 conifer species at different life stages (i.e., seedlings, saplings, canopy). We observed consistent but non‐significant shifts upward in elevation for eight species, and a significant shift upward for one species, all of which were far less than expectations based on recent warming. Six species declined in total cover and another five declined in at least one life stage, whereas the drought‐ and fire‐intolerant Abies concolor increased by 30.7%. The largest declines were at lower elevations in drought‐tolerant, early‐seral species (Pinus lambertiana and Pinus ponderosa) and at higher elevations for the shade‐tolerant Abies magnifica var. shastensis and the regionally rare Abies lasiocarpa. Regionally rare (Picea engelmannii) and endemic (Picea breweriana) species had reductions in early life stages, portending future declines. Multivariate analyses revealed a high degree of inertia with a minor, but significant, shift in composition and a slight decrease in species turnover along the elevation gradient driven by the expansion of A. concolor. Our results indicate that most species are declining, especially at lower and mid‐elevations where fire exclusion has increased the cover of shade‐tolerant species and reduced the recruitment for fire‐adapted species. Collectively, declines in most species, insufficient upward movement to track warming, reductions in drought‐ and fire‐tolerant early‐seral species, and an increase in a single, shade‐tolerant species will leave these communities maladapted to projected climate scenarios and questions the potential for future climate refugia in this region.
Can soil piping impact environment and society? Identifying new research gaps
Authors: Bernatek‐Jakiel Anita , Nadal‐Romero Estela
Published: June 2022

Soil piping is a widespread, although often overlooked land degradation process. So far, subsurface soil erosion studies have been focused on the importance of soil piping in hydrological and geomorphological processes, and factors controlling piping processes. Nowadays, the environmental changes being caused by the Anthropocene have clearly demonstrated that society depends on soil more than ever before, so the traditional studies of soil erosion processes need to be redefined. In that sense, geomorphologists face to overcome new piping‐related problems. In this article we identify new possible areas of research: (i) soil pipes and pipe collapses (PCs) as natural hazards, (ii) role of soil piping in carbon cycle, (iii) soil pipes and PCs and their relationships with biodiversity, and (iv) piping‐affected areas as geodiversity sites. Only better recognition of natural hazards driven by soil piping, such as land subsidence and degradation, landslides, flooding and off‐site sediment effects may result in better prevention and control measures in piping‐affected areas. Moreover, in the context of Global Change the role of soil piping in carbon cycle should be raised. Land‐use and land‐cover changes, as well as climate change may affect piping dynamics in different morphoclimatic regions and soil loss due to piping may lead to carbon loss. Soil pipes and PCs are closely interlinked with biodiversity, both positively and negatively. Piping erosion may directly and indirectly destroy vegetation and animals, although in some cases piping erosion may create new habitats and provide favourable conditions for some species. However, soil piping is not only an environmental and societal problem, but it may also contribute to the world geodiversity, which is clearly observed in badland sites. Piping erosion may have a significant impact on environment and society, thus further research with new questions is essential to provide knowledge for sustainable development.
Key techniques for classification of thorax diseases based on deep learning
Authors: Zhao Guangzhe , Shao Shuai , Yu Min
Published: June 2022

Deep learning has recently been widely used in medical image analysis due to its ability to learn complex features in images. An increasing number of deep learning methods has been devoted to the classification of chest X‐ray (CXR) images. Most of the existing deep learning methods are based on classical pretraining models trained by global chest X‐ray images. In this paper, we classify 14 different thorax diseases based on the RE‐DSENet model, which applies the image registration algorithm to the multi‐atlas segmentation model. The experimental results on the ChestX‐ray14 dataset show that the RE‐DSENet's classify‐cation precision of 14 thorax diseases is significantly improved compared with three existing classic algorithms, and the average AUC (area under the ROC curve) score is up to 0.857. RE‐DSENet can also reduce the computations in the classification network and improve the training efficiency. In addition, the focus areas diagnosed by the RE‐DSENet model are visualized in this paper, and the results further prove the effectiveness of the model.
The impact of a clinical pharmacist in an interprofessional intensive care unit recovery clinic providing care to intensive care unit survivors
Authors: Mohammad Rima A. , Eze Chinwe , Marshall Vincent D. , Coe Antoinette B. , Costa Deena Kelly , Thompson Amy , Pitcher Mari , Haezebrouck Evan , McSparron Jakob I.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are vulnerable to further health deterioration and medication‐related problems (MRPs) with a high rate of potentially preventable hospital readmissions and late death. Therefore, it is critical to identify MRPs of ICU survivors post‐hospitalization. ICU‐recovery clinics (ICU‐RCs) have been proposed as a potential mechanism to address the unmet needs of ICU survivors, and pharmacists should be key members of ICU‐RCs.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist in an interprofessional ICU‐RC on MRPs.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult ICU survivors with sepsis/septic shock and/or respiratory failure. This study compared MRPs within 6 months of post‐hospital discharge between intervention and control groups. The intervention group included patients who were seen by a pharmacist in an ICU‐RC. MRPs and interventions between initial and 6‐month follow‐up visits in the intervention group were also evaluated.

Results

Data were collected for 52 control and 52 intervention patients. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics and hospital characteristics between groups. Eighty‐four MRPs were identified in the control vs 110 in the intervention group (P = .37). Half of patients in control and intervention groups had at least one MRP identified (P = .69). There was a significant decrease in mean number of MRPs at the 6‐month follow‐up visit (3.5 ± 1.7 with initial vs 2.4 ± 1.3 with follow‐up visit; P = .025) in the intervention group. Almost all patients in initial and follow‐up visits had at least one MRP.

Conclusions

Dedicated ICU‐RC pharmacists in an interprofessional ICU‐RC can assist with addressing and intervening on MRPs which could further impact clinical outcomes in ICU survivors.
Microalga‐ and yeast‐based astaxanthin production via nutrient recovery from wastewater for aquaculture practice: an emerging technology for sustainable development
Authors: Lu Qian , Lu Yujie
Published: June 2022

Microbial astaxanthin, which is a high‐value antioxidative pigment, has been widely used in aquaculture for pigmentation, immunity enhancement and disease resistance. This novel model is regarded as an emerging way to alleviate environmental pollution and ecological problems. Therefore, cultivation of astaxanthin‐rich microorganisms for aquaculture merits attention of researchers and technicians. This paper presents research progresses in microbial strain screening, astaxanthin formation pathways and inducing conditions. Particularly, two‐stage cultivation, which could effectively improve astaxanthin productivity in microorganisms, is summarized. In addition, the integration of microorganism cultivation with wastewater remediation to simultaneously lower the production cost of astaxanthin and create environmental benefits is discussed. Last but not least, an in‐depth discussion of the effect of extracted astaxanthin or astaxanthin‐rich biomass on fish/shrimp rearing is provided. Based on a literature review and the present authors’ experience in industry, this paper lists some problems, such as safety risks of microbial biomass and potential ecological disasters. Besides, potential solutions and prospects are discussed to promote the further development of astaxanthin‐related industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Adult paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Misawa Kyohei , Yasuda Hajime , Koyama Daisuke , Inano Tadaaki , Inoguchi Akemi , Shirasu Chinami , Takano Hina , Iwao Noriaki , Ando Miki , Koike Michiaki
Published: June 2022

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is an extremely rare subtype of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in adults. PCH is caused by the biphasic Donath–Landsteiner (DL) antibody which fixes complement to red blood cells at low temperatures and dissociates at warmer temperatures, leading to complement‐mediated intravascular hemolysis. Autoimmune hematological disorders including AIHA and immune thrombocytopenia have been reported to develop following the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination. However, PCH developing subsequent to mRNA vaccination has never been reported. We report a 59‐year‐old male who developed PCH approximately a month after his second mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination.
Wind wave footprint of tropical cyclones from satellite data
Authors: Cagigal Laura , Méndez Fernando J. , van Vloten Sara O. , Rueda Ana , Coco Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Tropical cyclones are associated with extreme winds, waves, and storm surge, being among most destructive natural phenomena. Developing capability for a rapid impact estimate is crucial for coastal applications and risk preparedness. When predicting waves characteristics associated to tropical cyclones, the traditional approach involves a two‐step procedure (a) a Holland‐type wind vortex model and (b) numerical simulations using a wave generation model, using buoy and satellite measurements for validation. In this work, we take advantage of the increasing amount of remote sensing observational data and propose a new empirical model to estimate the wind wave footprint of tropical cyclones. For this purpose, we construct a dataset with over a million satellite observations of waves triggered by tropical cyclones assuming a circular shape of the TC influence area and defining composites of significant wave height as a function of representative parameters of the track characteristics like the minimum pressure, its forward velocity, and its latitude. The validation against buoy data confirms the usefulness of the model for a first and rapid estimation of the wave footprint, although an underestimation of the most extreme events is observed due to the relatively small number of observations recorded. Due to its efficiency, the model can be applied for rapid estimations of wave footprints in operational systems, reconstruction of historical or synthetic events and risk assessments.