bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HARNESSING DEEP TRANSFER LEARNING WITH IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR UNDERWATER OBJECT DETECTION AND TRACKING IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
Authors: ALAHMARI SAAD , MAZROA ALANOUD AL , MAHMOOD KHALID , ALQURNI JEHAD SAAD , SALAMA AHMED S. , ALZAHRANI YAZEED
Published: November 2024

Consumer electronics like action underwater drones and cameras commonly include object detection abilities to automatically capture underwater images and videos by tracking and focusing objects of interest. Underwater object detection (UOD) in consumer electronics revolutionizes interactions with aquatic environments. Modern consumer gadgets are increasingly equipped with sophisticated object detection capabilities, from action cameras to underwater drones, which allow users to automatically capture clear videos and images underwater by tracking and identifying objects of interest. This technology contributes to user safety by enabling devices to avoid collisions with underwater obstacles and improving underwater videography and photography quality in complex systems simulation platforms. Classical approaches need a clear feature definition that suffers from uncertainty due to differing viewpoints, occlusion, illumination, and season. This paper focuses on developing Deep Transfer Learning with Imaging Technology for Underwater Object Detection and Tracking (DTLIT-UOBT) techniques in consumer electronics. The DTLIT-UOBT technique uses deep learning and imaging technologies to detect and track underwater objects. In the DTLIT-UOBT technique, the bilateral filtering (BF) approach is primarily used to improve the quality of the underwater images. Besides, an improved neural architectural search network (NASNet) model derives feature vectors from the preprocessed images. The DTLIT-UOBT technique uses the jellyfish search fractal optimization algorithm (JSOA) for the hyperparameter tuning process. Finally, the detection and tracking of the objects can be performed by an extreme learning machine (ELM). A sequence of simulations was used to authorize the performance of the DTLIT-UOBT model by utilizing an underwater object detection dataset. The experimental validation of the DTLIT-UOBT model exhibits a superior accuracy value of 95.71% over other techniques.
Electrochemical modeling of algae-driven micro-photosynthetic power cell
Authors: Rahimi Soroush , Panneerselvam Dhilippan M. , Packirisamy Muthukumaran
Published: November 2024

Environmentally responsible and minimal natural variation in electric power generation has been a goal of researchers for several decades. With the establishment of the electrical power generation potential from microalgae’s photosynthesis, several researchers revealed interesting microbial fuel cell configurations to improve the output of electrical parameters. However, little work is done to understand the electrical charge collected from photosynthesis. This article proposes a fuel cell-based electrochemical modeling of the micro-photosynthetic power cell. The model is developed, excluding significant analytical assumptions at stationary conditions. Due to the complexity of modeling the electron release from photosynthesis, the electron release reactions are substituted with a simpler redox coupler of similar electric potential to that of photosynthesis. The micro-photosynthetic power cell revealed that the electron collection rate does not directly correlate to the photosynthesis electron chain. It might remain constant for a specific electrical load. The peak power is obtained at a different operating loading than the internal resistance of the device. The experimental open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]0.96[Formula: see text]V) and the peak power ([Formula: see text]0.18[Formula: see text]mW) are predicted accurately by this modeling approach. The results show that the fill factor remains constant with respect to several effective electrode surface areas. Based on this theoretical modeling, we believe that with optimized algal physiological state and micro-photosynthetic power cell’s effective surface area, this micro-photosynthetic power cell will be useful for application in low-power applications.
DNA Phosphorothioate Modification Systems and Associated Phage Defense Systems
Authors: Wang Lianrong , Tang Yaqian , Deng Zixin , Chen Shi
Published: November 2024

In contrast to the well-known DNA methylation of nucleobases, DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification occurs in the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. The non-bridging oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom, which increases the nuclease tolerance of the DNA. In recent years, we have witnessed advances in understanding of PT modification enzymes, the features of PT modification across prokaryotic genomes, and PT-related physiological functions. Although only a small fraction of modifiable recognition sites across bacterial genomes undergo PT modification, enzymes such as DndFGH and SspE can use this modification as a recognition marker to differentiate between self- and non-self-DNA, thus destroying PT-lacking invasive DNA and preventing autoimmunity. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of PT modification–associated defense systems. We also describe notable applications of PT systems in the engineering of phage-resistant bacterial strains, RNA editing, and nucleic acid detection.
Opportunities to Improve Health Equity for Employees in Low-Wage Industries in the United States
Authors: Hannon Peggy A. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Doody David R.
Published: November 2024

This review describes employees working in low-wage industries in the United States, their health risks, and their access to health promotion and other health-related resources through their employers. We use publicly available datasets to illustrate how low-wage jobs affect employees’ social determinants of health, health risk behaviors, and chronic conditions. We also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted these employees’ and employers’ health-related priorities and work settings. We describe employees’ access to health supports through federal programs and their employers and the potential ways in which low-wage employers could support employee health and well-being. We close with a brief research and practice agenda to improve health equity for employees in low-wage industries. The goal of this review is to help practitioners and researchers in workplace health promotion, occupational health, and public health reach employees and employers in low-wage industries with interventions that address employees’ health risks and employees’ and employers’ health priorities.
Combination of Dynamic Movement Primitives and Recurrent Neural Network to Solve Kinematics and Motion Planning Problems of an Exoskeleton‐Based Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Trung , Nguyen Van-Huy , Pham Van-Ha
Published: November 2024

In the field of robotics, especially in exoskeleton‐based rehabilitation robots, motion planning is an important problem. An effective motion trajectory must ensure naturalness and similarity to daily human movements. In this study, the researchers proposed using the dynamic movement primitives (DMPs) method to create trajectories similar to the actual trajectories of daily human activities. Subsequently, the study proposed and constructed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model to solve the inverse kinematics (IK) problem. This model was trained using a large dataset generated from the DMP algorithm mentioned earlier. The IK results applied to simulations on the upper limb exoskeleton robot of Vietnam (UExosVN) under development showed that the obtained trajectories have high accuracy and stability, suitable for control and similar in form to the desired trajectories. The study conducted experiments with two activities of daily living (ADL), namely the playing ball task and drinking water task. The errors in joint variables for the IK problem are all under 1°, except for joint five, which does not significantly impact the robot’s end‐point accuracy. The shape similarity level in the predicted trajectory compared to the test data is mostly above 0.75. The combined approach of DMP and RNN provides a potential solution for designing motion trajectories for rehabilitation robots.
Optimizing the Entropy of the Unsteady Flow of Ternary Nanofluids in an Inclined Conduit: Smart Pumping Using Electro‐Osmotic Flow
Authors: Alsemiry Reima D. , Elsaid Essam M. , Alharbi S. A. , Abdel-Wahed Mohamed S.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flow of liquid (specifically water) supported by three different types of nanoparticles (copper, silver, and aluminum oxide) in a slanted microcorrugated pipe with varying diameters and wave displacements. This model fulfills several key uses in the fields of environmental and water treatment, such as improving fluid mixing within inclined microchannels to boost the effectiveness of filtration and separation processes and designing inclined channels with ripples to better mix waste materials and more effectively separate different components. In this perception, we analyzed a model for the fluids flow inside the microchannel with the electromagnetic field (EMF) effects and pressure variation in the conduit under the external influence of thermal radiation and heat source which did not appear in the last published literature. The analytical techniques with assistance of mathematical software were used to solve the main governing equations such as Poisson, momentum, and energy equations and then deduce the heat transfer rate at the peristaltic conduit surfaces and the system’s ideal entropy. The results of the model simulation suggested that a number of factors could have a big influence on how thermal systems are built. It was claimed that the irreversibility resulting from friction and Joule heating, as opposed to thermal irreversibility, controls the system’s entropy buildup more tightly. Furthermore, the alteration of the conduit’s form and geometry resulted in a substantial enhancement in the heat transfer rate at its bottom wall, ranging from 20% to 600%. Despite numerous studies, an accurate model regarding the mechanism of the liquid’s flow supported by tri‐nanoparticles in an inclined microcorrugated conduit enclosing variable diameters and wave shifts is far from being understood.
Security Analysis of Large Language Models on API Misuse Programming Repair
Authors: Zhang Rui , Qiao Ziyue , Yu Yong
Published: November 2024

Application programming interface (API) misuse refers to misconceptions or carelessness in the anticipated usage of APIs, threatening the software system’s security. Moreover, API misuses demonstrate significant concealment and are challenging to uncover. Recent advancements have explored enhanced LLMs in a variety of software engineering (SE) activities, such as code repair. Nonetheless, the security implications of using LLMs for these purposes remain underexplored, particularly concerning the issue of API misuse. In this paper, we present an empirical study to observe the bug‐fixing capabilities of LLMs in addressing API misuse related to monitoring resource management (MRM API misuse). Initially, we propose APImisRepair, a real‐world benchmark for repairing MRM API misuse, including buggy programs, corresponding fixed programs, and descriptions of API misuse. Subsequently, we assess the performance of several LLMs using the APImisRepair benchmark. Findings reveal the vulnerabilities of LLMs in repairing MRM API misuse and find several reasons, encompassing factors such as fault localization and a lack of awareness regarding API misuse. Additionally, we have insights on improving LLMs in terms of their ability to fix MRM API misuse and introduce a crafted approach, APImisAP. Experimental results demonstrate that APImisAP exhibits a certain degree of improvement in the security of LLMs.
Quasilinearization‐Collocation Method for the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fractional Volterra Integro‐Differential Equations With Logarithmic Weakly Singular Kernel
Authors: Almusawi Qays Atshan , Najafi Esmaeil
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we use quasilinearization technique, product integration rule, and collocation method to present a new numerical method to solve nonlinear fractional Volterra integro‐differential equations with logarithmic weakly singular kernel. After examining the behavior of the solution of the integro‐differential equation, we convert it into a nonlinear Volterra integral equation with a logarithmic weakly singular kernel. We implement the quasilinearization method on the resulting nonlinear equation and derive a sequence of linear integral equations with low‐smooth solutions that are convergent to the solution of the nonlinear equation. By utilizing a regularization technique, we enhance the smoothness of the solutions of the linear equations. Then, we apply collocation method along with the product integration rule, to transform the regularized linear equations into a linear algebraic system with a unique solution. We discuss the convergence of the presented method and estimate the error bounds for the proposed numerical approach. Finally, through several numerical examples, we practically test the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed numerical method, where the obtained numerical results show their agreement with the discussed theoretical results.
A Composite Wavelet–Rational Approach for Solving the Volterra’s Population Growth Model Over Semi‐Infinite Domain
Authors: Rangipoor Leila , Majid Tavassoli Kajani , Jahangiri Saeid
Published: November 2024

In problems defined on a semi‐infinite domain, rational Chebyshev or Laguerre functions are the generic choices of basis functions in spectral methods. The rationale is that if the solution is oscillatory near the origin, then large number of basis functions may be required to retrieve the spectral accuracy that is not convenient. In this paper, we propose a novel idea that combines Chebyshev wavelets and orthogonal rational functions for solving problems in semi‐infinite domain numerically. The semi‐infinite domain [0, ∞) is divided into two subdomains [0, α) and [α, ∞). As the basis functions, Chebyshev wavelets are considered in the subdomain [0, α) and a new class of orthonormal rational functions is derived on the semi‐infinite subdomain [α, ∞). By constructing the operational matrices of derivative, integral, and product, and implementing the collocation method, the original problem is transcribed to a system of algebraic equations. A key feature of the method is that for a suitably chosen α, it yields good approximations to the solutions that first oscillate and then decay fast as t → ∞. Application of the proposed method to the Volterra’s model for population growth of a species in a closed system is explained. Numerical results show that the discrete solution exhibits exponential convergence as a function of suitable α and the number of collocation points.
Insight Into Dietary Utilization of African Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) Oil: Assessing the Effect on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, Liver, and Intestinal Histomorphology of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Fawole Femi J. , Yusuf Yusuf O. , Tiamiyu Lateef O. , Arawore Orighomisan N. , Akinlabi Praise B. , Jimoh Omoshalewa H. , Adeyemi Kazeem D. , Atolani Olubunmi , Abdullahi Adam
Published: November 2024

The quest to reduce dependency on fish‐ or vegetable‐based oil resources has prompted aquaculture experts to intensify their search for a suitable and sustainable alternative for aquafeed production. Based on this reality, the current study was designed to evaluate the dietary influence of African palm weevil oil (PWO) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzyme response, and organ integrity of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Four diets were formulated, wherein the control diet was prepared using soybean oil (SO) as the main dietary oil source and was replaced with PWO in the treatment diets at 50% (PWO‐50), 75% (PWO‐75), or 100% (PWO‐100). A total of 180 African catfish (average weight: 18.76 ± 0.043) were randomly stocked at 15 fish per 50‐L tank in triplicate and hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 45 days. The results showed that the highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) were found in control (SO)‐fed fish, which is similar to the PWO 50% but differs significantly from others (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein productive value (PPV) showed linear and quadratic trends, with a significantly lowest and highest value recorded in fish‐fed control and PWO 50%, respectively, compared to other dietary groups (p < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) value decreases linearly (p < 0.001) as the level of PWO increases. The highest total immunoglobulin (TIG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were recorded in fish fed PWO‐50%, while PWO‐75% registered the highest lysozyme activity (LA). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the physiological parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde [MDA]) among the groups. The fish fed PWO‐100% had the lowest recorded values of villus height, area of absorption, and cryptal depth (p < 0.05). In summary, the current finding shows that oil extracted from African palm weevils appears promising at a 50% dietary level without impairing the growth performance, liver, or intestinal health of African catfish.
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Presenting as Symptomatic Gallbladder Hydrops: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hafez Bassel , Alwan Joudie Sahar , El Hout Walid , Koussa Karim , El Annan Tamara , Noun Dolly , Zaghal Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), also known as NF2‐related schwannomatosis (SWN), is a rare dominantly inherited genetic disorder mainly characterized by the presence of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) in addition to a range of other tumors that affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These tumors include cranial, spinal, peripheral nerve, and intradermal schwannomas, cranial and spinal meningiomas, and intrinsic central nervous system (CNS) tumors, usually spinal ependymomas. Juvenile cataracts are also common in patients with NF2, with most symptoms at presentation being hearing loss and visual disturbances. We present the case of a previously healthy 12‐year‐old girl who presented with postprandial right upper quadrant pain and was found to have a large hydrops of the gallbladder on ultrasound scan of the abdomen. Pathology of the gallbladder post laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed diffuse involvement of the gallbladder by a benign nerve sheath tumor that was suggestive of schwannoma. Further testing confirmed the diagnosis of NF2. This case helps shed light on unusual NF2 symptoms and underscores the importance of recognizing atypical presentations for timely intervention and management. It also adds value to a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and managing NF2.
Positive Solutions of (n, m)‐Order Multipoint BVS With Carathéodory’s and Superlinear Conditions
Authors: Su Hua , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions for a class nonlinear (n, m)‐order multipoint boundary value system (BVS) in which nonlinearity only meets Carathéodory’s and superlinear conditions. By using the fixed‐point index theory, the existence of a positive solution for n‐order and m‐order multipoint (BVS) is obtained.
Figure S1 from Allogeneic CAR Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Exert Potent Antitumor Effects through Host CD8 T-Cell Cross-Priming
Authors: Simonetta Federico , Lohmeyer Juliane K. , Hirai Toshihito , Maas-Bauer Kristina , Alvarez Maite , Wenokur Arielle S. , Baker Jeanette , Aalipour Amin , Ji Xuhuai , Haile Samuel , Mackall Crystal L. , Negrin Robert S.
Published: November 2024

Supplemental Figure 1
Supplementary Data from Rapamycin Pretreatment Rescues the Bone Marrow AML Cell Elimination Capacity of CAR-T Cells
Authors: Nian Zhigang , Zheng Xiaohu , Dou Yingchao , Du Xianghui , Zhou Li , Fu Binqing , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Figures and Tables
Supplementary Figure 3 from Deconvoluting Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitors in BRAFV600E-Mutant Human Glioma
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Morin Andrew , Zhao Guisheng , Allen Amy N. , Flannery Patrick , Glantz Michael , Green Adam L. , Jones Chris , Jones Kenneth L. , Kilburn Lindsay B. , Nazemi Kellie J. , Samuel David , Sanford Bridget , Solomon David A. , Wang Jiawan , Pratilas Christine A. , Nicolaides Theodore , Mulcahy Levy Jean M.
Published: November 2024

Increased RTK expression and activity in AM38 resistant cells. (A) RTK array for parental (left) and resistant (right) AM38 cells. (B) Immunoblot of cell lysates from parental (P) and resistant (R) AM38. (C) Fold change in RNA expression between resistant and parent AM38 as measured using qPCR.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Deconvoluting Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitors in BRAFV600E-Mutant Human Glioma
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Morin Andrew , Zhao Guisheng , Allen Amy N. , Flannery Patrick , Glantz Michael , Green Adam L. , Jones Chris , Jones Kenneth L. , Kilburn Lindsay B. , Nazemi Kellie J. , Samuel David , Sanford Bridget , Solomon David A. , Wang Jiawan , Pratilas Christine A. , Nicolaides Theodore , Mulcahy Levy Jean M.
Published: November 2024

Frequency of co-mutations in BRAF and genes of interest in 35,231 patients in pan-cancer cohorts found in cBioPortal. The bar graph represents the number of patients with each pair of alterations as found in dataset and the circles represent the specific genes that were altered for each bar. 4,865 patients had at least one alteration in the genes listed below.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Deconvoluting Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitors in BRAFV600E-Mutant Human Glioma
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Morin Andrew , Zhao Guisheng , Allen Amy N. , Flannery Patrick , Glantz Michael , Green Adam L. , Jones Chris , Jones Kenneth L. , Kilburn Lindsay B. , Nazemi Kellie J. , Samuel David , Sanford Bridget , Solomon David A. , Wang Jiawan , Pratilas Christine A. , Nicolaides Theodore , Mulcahy Levy Jean M.
Published: November 2024

Venn diagram detailing the gene lists used to assemble the ten most commonly mutated genes in glioblastoma.
Supplementary Tables from IL13Rα2 Promotes Proliferation and Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Márquez-Ortiz R. Alejandro , Contreras-Zárate Maria J. , Tesic Vesna , Alvarez-Eraso Karen L.F. , Kwak Gina , Littrell Zachary , Costello James C. , Sreekanth Varsha , Ormond D. Ryan , Karam Sana D. , Kabos Peter , Cittelly Diana M.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table 1. List of shRNAs Supplementary Table 2. List of primers and sgRNAs Supplementary Table 3: List of antibodies
Supplementary Table 4 from IL13Rα2 Promotes Proliferation and Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Márquez-Ortiz R. Alejandro , Contreras-Zárate Maria J. , Tesic Vesna , Alvarez-Eraso Karen L.F. , Kwak Gina , Littrell Zachary , Costello James C. , Sreekanth Varsha , Ormond D. Ryan , Karam Sana D. , Kabos Peter , Cittelly Diana M.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table 4.
Supplementary Figure 4 from IL13Rα2 Promotes Proliferation and Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Márquez-Ortiz R. Alejandro , Contreras-Zárate Maria J. , Tesic Vesna , Alvarez-Eraso Karen L.F. , Kwak Gina , Littrell Zachary , Costello James C. , Sreekanth Varsha , Ormond D. Ryan , Karam Sana D. , Kabos Peter , Cittelly Diana M.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Figure 4. Overexpression of IL13Rα2 does not increase metastatic colonization in poorly invasive BT474M1 BC cells. Poorly metastatic ER+HER2+ BT474M1 cells expressing EV or OE-IL13RA2 and a luciferase reporter, were induced with doxycycline for 48 h prior to injecting in dox-treated NSG mice implanted with 1 mg E2 pellets (N=12 per group). Brain metastatic colonization was measured via IVIS at the indicated times. Head total flux for each animal was normalized to brain signal at time 0 (Fold Change FC). Graph shows Log-transformed FC {plus minus}SEM over time for EV vs OE-IL13RA2 injected mice. Normally distributed Log-transformed FC values were analyzed using Repeated Measures Mixed effects.*P=0.02 at 7 days. Ns at other time points
Data from Rapamycin Pretreatment Rescues the Bone Marrow AML Cell Elimination Capacity of CAR-T Cells
Authors: Nian Zhigang , Zheng Xiaohu , Dou Yingchao , Du Xianghui , Zhou Li , Fu Binqing , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Ongoing clinical trials show limited efficacy for Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to identify potential causes of the reported limited efficacy from CAR-T therapies against AML.
Experimental Design:
We generated CAR-T cells targeting Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and evaluated their killing activity against AML cells. We examined the impacts of modulating mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in CAR-T cells in terms of CXCR4 levels. We examined the effects of a rapamycin pretreatment of EpCAM CAR-T cells (during ex vivo expansion) and assessed the in vivo antitumor efficacy of rapamycin-pretreated EpCAM CAR-T cells (including CXCR4 knockdown cells) and CD33 CAR-T cells in leukemia xenograft mouse models.
Results:
EpCAM CAR-T exhibited killing activity against AML cells but failed to eliminate AML cells in bone marrow. Subsequent investigations revealed that aberrantly activated mTORC1 signaling in CAR-T cells results in decreased bone marrow infiltration and decreased the levels of the rapamycin target CXCR4. Attenuating mTORC1 activity with the rapamycin pretreatment increased the capacity of CAR-T cells to infiltrate bone marrow and enhanced the extent of bone marrow AML cell elimination in leukemia xenograft mouse models. CXCR4 knockdown experiments showed that CXCR4 contributes to the enhanced bone marrow infiltration capacity of EpCAM CAR-T cells and the observed reduction in bone marrow AML cells.
Conclusions:
Our study reveals a potential cause for the limited efficacy of CAR-T reported from current AML clinical trials and illustrates an easy-to-implement pretreatment strategy, which enhances the anti-AML efficacy of CAR-T cells.

See related commentary by Maiti and Daver, p. 5739
Data from Deconvoluting Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitors in BRAFV600E-Mutant Human Glioma
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Morin Andrew , Zhao Guisheng , Allen Amy N. , Flannery Patrick , Glantz Michael , Green Adam L. , Jones Chris , Jones Kenneth L. , Kilburn Lindsay B. , Nazemi Kellie J. , Samuel David , Sanford Bridget , Solomon David A. , Wang Jiawan , Pratilas Christine A. , Nicolaides Theodore , Mulcahy Levy Jean M.
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Selective RAF-targeted therapy is effective in some patients with BRAFV600E-mutated glioma, though emergent and adaptive resistance occurs through ill-defined mechanisms.
Experimental Design:
Paired pre-/post- RAF inhibitor (RAFi)-treated glioma samples (N = 15) were obtained and queried for treatment-emergent genomic alterations using DNA and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Functional validation of putative resistance mechanisms was performed using established and patient-derived BRAFV600E-mutant glioma cell lines.
Results:
Analysis of 15 tissue sample pairs identified 13 alterations conferring putative resistance were identified among nine paired samples (including mutations involving ERRFI1, BAP1, ANKHD1, and MAP2K1). We performed functional validation of mechanisms of resistance, including loss of NF1, PTEN, or CBL, in BRAFV600E-mutant glioma lines, and demonstrate they are capable of conferring resistance in vitro. Knockdown of CBL resulted in increased EGFR expression and phosphorylation, a possible mechanism for maintaining ERK signaling within the cell. Combination therapy with a MEKi or EGFR inhibitor was able to overcome resistance to BRAFi, in NF1 knockdown and CBL knockdown, respectively. Restoration of wild-type PTEN in B76 cells (PTEN−/−) restored sensitivity to BRAFi. We identified and validated CRAF upregulation as a mechanism of resistance in one resistant sample. RNA-seq analysis identified two emergent expression patterns in resistant samples, consistent with expression patterns of known glioma subtypes.
Conclusions:
Resistance mechanisms to BRAFi in glioma are varied and may predict effective precision combinations of targeted therapy, highlighting the importance of a personalized approach.
Data from IL13Rα2 Promotes Proliferation and Outgrowth of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Márquez-Ortiz R. Alejandro , Contreras-Zárate Maria J. , Tesic Vesna , Alvarez-Eraso Karen L.F. , Kwak Gina , Littrell Zachary , Costello James C. , Sreekanth Varsha , Ormond D. Ryan , Karam Sana D. , Kabos Peter , Cittelly Diana M.
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurpose:
The survival of women with brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer remains very poor, with over 80% dying within a year of their diagnosis. Here, we define the function of IL13Rα2 in outgrowth of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) in vitro and in vivo, and postulate IL13Rα2 as a suitable therapeutic target for BM.
Experimental Design:
We performed IHC staining of IL13Rα2 in BCBM to define its prognostic value. Using inducible shRNAs in TNBC and HER2+ breast–brain metastatic models, we assessed IL13Rα2 function in vitro and in vivo. We performed RNAseq and functional studies to define the molecular mechanisms underlying IL13Rα2 function in BCBM.
Results:
High IL13Rα2 expression in BCBM predicted worse survival after BM diagnoses. IL13Rα2 was essential for cancer-cell survival, promoting proliferation while repressing invasion. IL13Rα2 KD resulted in FAK downregulation, repression of cell cycle and proliferation mediators, and upregulation of Ephrin B1 signaling. Ephrin-B1 (i) promoted invasion of BC cells in vitro, (ii) marked micrometastasis and invasive fronts in BCBM, and (iii) predicted shorter disease-free survival and BM-free survival (BMFS) in breast primary tumors known to metastasize to the brain. In experimental metastases models, which bypass early tumor invasion, downregulation of IL13Rα2 before or after tumor seeding and brain intravasation decreased BMs, suggesting that IL13Rα2 and the promotion of a proliferative phenotype is critical to BM progression.
Conclusions:
Non-genomic phenotypic adaptations at metastatic sites are critical to BM progression and patients' prognosis. This study opens the road to use IL13Rα2 targeting as a therapeutic strategy for BM.
Data from The MAGNOLIA Trial: Zanubrutinib, a Next-Generation Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Demonstrates Safety and Efficacy in Relapsed/Refractory Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Opat Stephen , Tedeschi Alessandra , Linton Kim , McKay Pamela , Hu Bei , Chan Henry , Jin Jie , Sobieraj-Teague Magdalena , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Coleman Morton , Thieblemont Catherine , Browett Peter , Ke Xiaoyan , Sun Mingyuan , Marcus Robert , Portell Craig A. , Ardeshna Kirit , Bijou Fontanet , Walker Patricia , Hawkes Eliza A. , Mapp Sally , Ho Shir-Jing , Talaulikar Dipti , Zhou Ke-Shu , Co Melannie , Li Xiaotong , Zhou Wenxiao , Cappellini Massimo , Tankersley Chris , Huang Jane , Trotman Judith
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is an uncommon non–Hodgkin lymphoma with malignant cells that exhibit a consistent dependency on B-cell receptor signaling. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib, a next-generation selective Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MZL.
Patients and Methods:
Patients with R/R MZL were enrolled in the phase II MAGNOLIA (BGB-3111–214) study. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) as determined by an independent review committee (IRC) based on the Lugano 2014 classification.
Results:
Sixty-eight patients were enrolled. After a median follow-up of 15.7 months (range, 1.6 to 21.9 months), the IRC-assessed ORR was 68.2% and complete response (CR) was 25.8%. The ORR by investigator assessment was 74.2%, and the CR rate was 25.8%. The median duration of response (DOR) and median progression-free survival (PFS) by independent review was not reached. The IRC-assessed DOR rate at 12 months was 93.0%, and IRC-assessed PFS rate was 82.5% at both 12 and 15 months. Treatment was well tolerated with the majority of adverse events (AE) being grade 1 or 2. The most common AEs were diarrhea (22.1%), contusion (20.6%), and constipation (14.7%). Atrial fibrillation/flutter was reported in 2 patients; 1 patient had grade 3 hypertension. No patient experienced major hemorrhage. In total, 4 patients discontinued treatment due to AEs, none of which were considered treatment-related by the investigators.
Conclusions:
Zanubrutinib demonstrated high ORR and CR rate with durable disease control and a favorable safety profile in patients with R/R MZL.
Supplementary Tutorial from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Tutorial for using the portal
Supplementary Table S3 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Risk effects of MAGI3 variants
Supplementary Table S1 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Comparison of the SJLIFE and CCSS cohorts
Supplementary Figure S6 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Workflow for building custom groups
Supplementary Figure S3 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Association between ARID5B variants and ALL in African and European ancestries
Effects of Puree Type and Color on Ratings of Pharyngeal Residue, Penetration, and Aspiration during FEES: A Prospective Study of 37 Dysphagic Outpatient Adults
Authors: Curtis James A. , Rameau Anaïs , Mocchetti Valentina
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES) involve the administration of a variety of foods and liquids to assess outcomes related to pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration. While the type and color of thin liquids used during FEES have been found to significantly affect FEES ratings, it is unknown if similar effects are observed with pureed foods. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the effects of puree type (applesauce vs. pudding) and color (natural, blue, green) on ratings of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration during FEES. Methods: Pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration were assessed in 37 consecutive outpatient adults undergoing FEES. Patients were presented with two types of puree: 5 mL applesauce and 5 mL pudding. Each puree type was presented once with either blue or green food coloring added to it by a clinician. Each puree type was also presented once with no clinician-added food coloring (“natural”). The order of presentation was randomized between patients and all data were blindly analyzed by pairs of independent raters using the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES). Multilevel statistical models were used to examine the effects of puree type and color on oropharyngeal residue, hypopharyngeal residue, and Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores (PAS). Results: Pudding trials were associated with higher oropharyngeal residue ratings compared to applesauce trials. Blue-colored applesauce was associated with higher oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal residue ratings when compared to natural applesauce. Lastly, green-colored applesauce and green-colored pudding were both associated with higher hypopharyngeal residue ratings compared to natural applesauce and natural pudding, respectively. Conclusion: This study identified statistically significant effects of puree type and color and ratings of pharyngeal residue ratings, but not penetration or aspiration, as seen during FEES. These data suggest that clinicians and researchers should consider standardizing the type and color of pureed food used during FEES.
Investigating Idiomaticity in Word Representations
Authors: He Wei , Vieira Tiago Kramer , Garcia Marcos , Scarton Carolina , Idiart Marco , Villavicencio Aline
Published: November 2024

Idiomatic expressions are an integral part of human languages, often used to express complex ideas in compressed or conventional ways (e.g., eager beaver as a keen and enthusiastic person). However, their interpretations may not be straightforwardly linked to the meanings of their individual components in isolation and this may have an impact for compositional approaches. In this article, we investigate to what extent word representation models are able to go beyond compositional word combinations and capture multiword expression idiomaticity and some of the expected properties related to idiomatic meanings. We focus on noun compounds of varying levels of idiomaticity in two languages (English and Portuguese), presenting a dataset of minimal pairs containing human idiomaticity judgments for each noun compound at both type and token levels, their paraphrases and their occurrences in naturalistic and sense-neutral contexts, totalling 32,200 sentences. We propose this set of minimal pairs for evaluating how well a model captures idiomatic meanings, and define a set of fine-grained metrics of Affinity and Scaled Similarity, to determine how sensitive the models are to perturbations that may lead to changes in idiomaticity. Affinity is a comparative measure of the similarity between an experimental item, a target and a potential distractor, and Scaled Similarity incorporates a rescaling factor to magnify the meaningful similarities within the spaces defined by each specific model. The results obtained with a variety of representative and widely used models indicate that, despite superficial indications to the contrary in the form of high similarities, idiomaticity is not yet accurately represented in current models. Moreover, the performance of models with different levels of contextualization suggests that their ability to capture context is not yet able to go beyond more superficial lexical clues provided by the words and to actually incorporate the relevant semantic clues needed for idiomaticity. By proposing model-agnostic measures for assessing the ability of models to capture idiomaticity, this article contributes to determining limitations in the handling of non-compositional structures, which is one of the directions that needs to be considered for more natural, accurate, and robust language understanding. The source code and additional materials related to this paper are available at our GitHub repository.1
Language Equality & Schooling: Global Challenges & Unmet Promises
Authors: Romaine Suzanne
Published: November 2024

In this essay, I examine unmet promises and global challenges for achieving language equality in schooling, with special focus on one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, SDG-4, which aims to ensure equitable and inclusive quality education and lifelong learning for all. Language of instruction is a key determinant of student success, but there is limited recognition of the vital role language plays as an intervening variable. Most languages continue to be excluded from education and 60 percent of out-of-school children live in regions where their own languages are not used at school. Inequities arising from unjust language policies combine to trap the poorest in a cluster of disadvantages persisting across generations. Underinvesting in education jeopardizes a range of social benefits. A well-educated population will increase the overall economic prosperity of a nation. I call for first language-based multilingual education as a pathway to schooling equality and sustainable development.
How Pedagogy Makes the Difference in U.S. Schools
Authors: Ladson-Billings Gloria
Published: November 2024

Emerging from the modern U.S. civil rights era, scholars have promoted ethnic and multicultural studies as strategies for improving the educational performance of students who have traditionally been marginalized in classrooms nationwide. Among the most marginalized are students who have experienced historic discrimination because of their racial, ethnic, linguistic, and immigrant status. The student population of United States comprises diverse groups. Marginalization and school failure are highest among African American, Latine, Indigenous, and some Asian students. In this essay, I speak to the necessity of more than curricular changes and explore the more than thirty years of research that addresses the demand to employ pedagogical philosophies and strategies that meet the needs of marginalized students. I conclude by describing the impact of COVID-19 on teaching and learning in underserved communities.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Schools in Multicultural Australia
Authors: Noble Greg , Watkins Megan
Published: November 2024

Australia's migration history has produced one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world, but this has presented challenges for educational equity. The introduction of multiculturalism in the 1970s coincided with an increasing focus on structural inequities in education. In this essay, we examine the context of changing educational policies and programs over the last half century, arguing that there has not been a steady process of reform involving measures redressing various inequalities but a period of policy turbulence. We consider the impact of the competing logics of multiculturalism-incorporation, recognition, civility-upon educational policy and practice to argue that, together with the consequences of neoliberal reforms, the equitable delivery of multiculturalism in schools has proved challenging. We conclude that multicultural education must refocus on the critical capacities that teachers and students alike need to understand the cultural complexities of a globalized world.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Schools in South Africa
Authors: Soudien Crain
Published: November 2024

The quest for educational equity in South Africa takes its impetus from the country's transition to democracy in 1994. The country faced the challenge of overcoming deep systemic inequality-both racial and class-based-caused by three hundred fifty years of colonialism and apartheid. The African National Congress undertook a process to equalize the educational system and expand opportunities for students. Significant progress has been made in addressing issues of race, class, and gender in the thirty years since 1994, but a combination of factors has both reproduced and amplified old inequalities and disparities, particularly those of space and race, and introduced intense new socioeconomic inequalities overlain with challenging cultural and linguistic markers, such as the dominance of English and the loss of indigenous language capacity. Two elements have been pivotal: stubborn legacy effects of apartheid such as poverty in a context of a weakening economy; and complex and contradictory arrangements made at the transition in 1994 that have left privilege, predominantly but no longer only white, largely intact. The COVID-19 pandemic sharpened these inequalities.
The Long Struggle for Educational Equity in Britain: 1944-2023
Authors: Osler Audrey
Published: November 2024

In this essay, I take the long view in reviewing initiatives for educational equity in Britain, examining both official initiatives and grassroots struggles for equitable educational outcomes over the past eighty years. I frame education policies in the context of other social policies from the immediate post-World War II era, notably the provision of universal health care, welfare, and the changing legal frameworks relating to equalities and immigration over the period. I address the contributions of minoritized communities in the struggle for educational equity, the impact of twentieth-century women's movements, and more recent student-led initiatives to secure the availability, accessibility, adaptability, and acceptability of education. I identify all these as “acts of citizenship,” whereby communities constitute themselves as citizens and struggle for human rights.
The Quest for Educational Equity in Mexico
Authors: Reimers Fernando M.
Published: November 2024

I examine the dynamics of implementing at-scale reforms to provide meaningful educational opportunities to disadvantaged students in Mexico. To effectively reduce social inequality and exclusion, education policies need a mix of system-wide and targeted efforts that are implemented at scale and sustained long enough to become institutionalized. The resiliency of those policies requires an elusive balance between system-wide and targeted efforts, alignment between federal and state initiatives, and supportive politics. However, the politics of implementing system-wide reforms are more contentious than those involving targeted efforts because they disrupt entrenched interests, making such efforts harder to sustain. Targeted policies, while easier to implement, reinforce the segregation of students into different educational tracks of varying quality.