bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ivermectin: Potential Repurposing of a Versatile Antiparasitic as a Novel Anticancer
Authors: Dueñas-González Alfonso , Juárez-Rodríguez Mandy
Published: September 2021

Drug repositioning is a alternative strategy to discover and develop anticancer drugs based on identification of new mechanisms of actions and indications for existing compounds. Ivermectin belongs to the avermectin group of compounds, a series of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone moieties discovered in 1967 and FDA-approved for human use since 1987. Ivermectin has since been used by millions of people worldwide, and have demonstrated a wide margin of clinical safety. Here we summarize the in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating ivermectin\'s potential as a multitargeting anticancer drug that exerts antitumor effects against different tumor types. Notably, the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of ivermectin are achieved at concentrations that can be clinically achieved based on human pharmacokinetic studies done in the clinical studies. Moreover, repurposed ivermectin safety has been well established recently in clinical studies against COVID-19. Consequently, we believe that ivermectin is an excellent potential candidate drug that can be repurposed for cancer and deserves rigorous evaluation against a variety of cancers in well-designed clinical trials.
The Impact of Diabetes on Hippocampus
Authors: Vafaei-Nezhad Saeed , Vafaei-Nezhad Masood , Shadi Mehri , Ezi Samira
Published: September 2021

Maternal Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders resulting an increased risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. It is estimated that the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy among women in developing countries is approximately 4.5 percent and this range varies between 1 to 14 percent in different societies. According to earlier studies, diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and child mortality and morbidity as well as major congenital anomalies including central nervous system (CNS) in their offspring. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that infants of diabetic women are at risk of having neurodevelopmental sequelae. Previous studies reveal that the offspring of diabetic mothers exhibit disturbances in behavioral and intellectual functioning. In the examination of cognitive functioning, a poorer performance was observed in the children born to diabetic mothers when compared with the children of non-diabetic mothers. Therefore, it is important to study the possible effects of maternal diabetes on the hippocampus of these infants.
Standardized Welding Curriculum and Testing for Shipyards
Authors: Scholler S. , Ringer T. , Kvidahl L. , Marks J. , Niolet D. , Huang T. D.
Published: September 2021

Shipyard training programs are varied in their methods and in the metrics they use to qualify welders, and welders are not always trained on each specific weld needed for today’s ship production (i.e., butt, fillet, lap, or a small precision one-pass weld) before going out into the field and performing them. As naval ship designs continue to incorporate a rising amount of thin steel, the demand for a standardized training program to address the requirements for welding this thinner material is increasingly apparent. In many programs, little attention is given to distortion control practices during fitting and welding processes on thin material. Working with shipyard instructors, a new program was implemented at Ingalls with the goal of training welders who are able to weld to design and capable of performing welding procedures needed for current modern lightweight ship production in order to reduce rework and downstream costs.
Standardized Foundations Database for Combat Systems
Authors: Harbison M. , Koon W. , Smith V. , Haymon P. , Niole D. , Huang T. D.
Published: September 2021

As a result of enhanced performance and mission requirements for Navy ships, ship design has dramatically increased the use of higher strength, lightweight steels and various local reinforcements, e.g., deck inserts, ring stiffeners, etc., in foundation designs to satisfy the design requirements for supporting machinery, consoles, and weapon systems among others. In additional to operational loading requirements, most of these foundations must also be designed to satisfy shock, vibration and other combat system requirements. While the same piece of equipment may be used in other ship contracts, the foundations are uniquely designed and require a separate analysis and drawing package. Computer modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have helped reduce the labor required to analyze foundations, but the high number of “unique” foundations as well as changes which necessitate a new analysis still create a large workload for engineers. This is further compounded by increased costs in production due to greater numbers of unique parts and materials that must be marked, stored, and retrieved later for fabrication. This goal of this project was to determine the cost-savings potential of leveraging past foundations work in designing, analyzing, and drawing foundations in the future. By the project’s conclusion Ingalls will have created a database for rapid access to previously-generated foundation information, the framework of which will be publicly available for all shipyards to populate with their own foundation information.
Big Data in Shipbuilding
Authors: David Patrick L. , Roberts Patrick D.
Published: September 2021

Recent strides in data analytics have uncovered interesting and actionable correlations across many different industries. Organizations are finding opportunities for making more intelligent business decisions by enhancing data with new insights and sources of information. In many cases these insights are gleaned through deeper analytics of existing data. The relatively large amount of information generated through the shipbuilding enterprise, coupled with rapidly advancing methods for optimizing data capture, points to a rapid convergence on exploiting data analytics for enhanced business decision making. An ad-hoc working group was formed consisting of multiple US shipyards with broad representation across the NSRP to investigate opportunities to leverage modern data analytics.
Optimized Method for Conversion of FPSO Build From VLCC
Authors: Ogbonnaya E. A. , Nitonye S. , Orji J. C.
Published: September 2021

FPSOs are becoming extremely important economically. Many nations/organizations are using them to supplement the conventional oil rig/floating platform especially due to the refinery capability they exhibit in situ in the drilling environment. However many of the multinational oil and gas companies are drifting towards the conversion of VLCCs to FPSOs. It is against this backdrop that a work of this nature considered an optimized method of converting an FPSO from a VLCC. The various methods of producing such a vessel were looked at taking two FPSOs: BONGA (New Build) and MYSTRAS (Converted) operating in West African Waters as case studies. A number of vivid and valid ship construction parameters were taken into consideration using a computerized model. Analysis reveal that the block coefficient (CB) yields an important result that if put in place during the design phases of FPSOs – be it new build or converted will go a long way to enhance the conversion process. The CP of the new build FPSO was found to be 0.7202 while the converted one was 0.690 with sponsons and 0.818 excluding sponsons. The CP equally further supports the increased deck space which the modification provided with the strength analysis. Bending Moments and Shear Force distribution along the longitudinal axis (i.e. length) of the vessels with sponson fitted were determined and the section moduli of important/critical sections calculated. Stability analysis was carried out to cover the most critical modes and condition of the vessel’s operation. Righting levers was computed at prescribed loading conditions in the various operating regimes. Results obtained from the analysis showed that incorporating sponsons provided sufficient rigidity and good stability characteristics of the hull under all operating conditions. Finally, on the economic trend, the use of converted FPSO is favoured to those of new build due to the reduced lead-time.
Hull Capacitance: The Unconventional Green Fuelling Technology Harnessing Plug Power Navigate Concept for Inland Waterways Navigation
Authors: Shantanu _ , Sharma Garima , AgyayShukla Kanishk , Bhaskar Vidyut
Published: September 2021

With the huge increase in global liquid fuels usage, an alarming situation has risen to develop and adopt alternative green technology to mitigate global warming attributable to high pollutant emission. Transportation sector, being one of the major fuel and energy consumers, effective substitution is required for Inland waterways over land and rail transport. This paper focuses on the development of a ‘Plug Power Navigate’ concept to bring out an infrastructure to utilize the offshore wind and solar platform generated electricity for Inland Vessels navigation. Solar energy, available wind etc. can massively save fuel and keep environment pollution free. Technology like Wind and Solar resource assessment, wind energy installations, have been studied in this paper based on the climatic and technological sophistications. One of the major technological sophistications include, storage of this energy on board as Hull Capacitance. To harness the concept of Plug Power Navigate with the above mentioned technological sophistications, the vessel has been modified to accomodate the power storage facility on the principles of Hull Capacitance. It is based on the acquisition of power by means of an external source and its storage within the hull frame work, which can then be utilized later, for the purpose of navigation. The structural framework is modified in compliance with the safety norms. Care has been taken to make minimal modifications to the hull structure from both safety and operation point of view, keeping the operation perspective unhindered. The inception of greener technologies in the shipping strata can be boosted by the tapping of renewable sources of energy along with the inclusion of power storage sophistications, and this debut in the maritime sphere can act as Pole Star for future research and exploration of various technologies in this direction bringing out an innovative set up for the Inland Water Transport worldwide.
Finding Wrecks in Rivers and Bringing Technology into the High School Classroom
Authors: Buskop Jacqueline , Levine Douglas
Published: September 2021

High school students rarely investigate underwater wrecks by boat using side scan sonar, sub bottom profilers, and magnetometers. Rarely do high school students have a chance to determine the shape, and design of a historic sailing vessel, as many vessels older than 200 years have already been discovered in US waters. Washington College not only enabled high school students to discover and identify a previously unknown wreck, but created a game to bring the technology into the high school classroom to interest students into becoming marine scientists, marine architects or marine engineers.
Performance Improvements from a Concave/Convex Planning Surface - Wiggle Hull
Authors: Almeter John , Newman Will
Published: September 2021

Concave camber can increase lift and Lift to Drag of a planing hull. The impact of camber and its limitations for a planing hull are reviewed, including model tests. The adverse impacts of low trims and excessive camber are discussed. A practical planing hull with significant concave camber must have convexity, at least forward to accommodate the bow. This hull type is generically referred to as a Wiggle Hull and recent investigations to develop such a hull are presented. The prediction method developed for this investigation is described.
Engineering Forecasts and Monitoring for Offshore Construction Operations
Authors: Lai Peter , Slozkin Anton
Published: September 2021

A successful offshore construction operation such as platform installation, decommissioning and subsea pipeline construction relies on good engineering and planning before the operation. Good planning is helped by having the ability to use the first available weather window to carry out the operation at the field offshore. Therefore, the ability to forecast the governing engineering criteria during the operation becomes an essential component. This paper presents the developed methodology to forecast events and a summary of the status of the development, including its limitations and applications. It is focused in three areas: forecast and monitor the dynamic motion characteristics of the operation, pile stick-up motion for jacket installation, and prediction of sag bend bending moment during subsea pipeline construction. It is concluded by presenting the proposed future development and advantages.
The Impact of Pulse Loads on Electric Warship Power Systems
Authors: Whitelegg Ian , Pawling Rachel J. , Bucknall Richard W. G.
Published: September 2021

On future electric warships it is likely that the combat system, which may comprise of high power pulsed electromagnetic weapons, will surpass the propulsion system in having the dominant effect on power quality. Accepting of this, this paper presents the results of research conducted into the impact of future pulse loads on electric warship power systems. It was concluded that in order to fully exploit the potential of high energy weapons while maintaining power quality to mission critical loads, future electric warship power systems may require hybrid energy storage systems to support the ship’s power system during pulse loading.
Impacts of Insulation and Joiner Treatments on Low Frequency Vibration in Marine Structures with Finite Element Applications
Authors: Favini Eric A. , Spence Jesse H.
Published: September 2021

Marine insulation and joiner facing out fittings are known to affect the acoustical properties of the surface they cover. Measured results provided in this paper show that these treatments can also have a substantial effect on the vibration response of ship structures at low frequencies (below 100 Hz). The accuracy of finite element models of marine vibration response to machinery and propeller sources can be improved by accounting for these effects. Two objectives are discussed in this paper: 1) quantifying the effect of various insulation and joiner treatments on the vibration response of a typical ship bulkhead based on measured data and 2) developing an efficient and accurate method to integrate these effects into finite element models for the prediction of vibrations on ships and marine structures.
Steel Lazy Wave Risers - A Viable Solution for Turret and Spread Moored FPSOs
Authors: Dylewski Mischa , Shah Vinanti
Published: September 2021

Floating Storage Production and Offloading (FPSO)host platform selection is an increasing trend due to economic sand versatility offered for field development. The industry is migrating toward more robust riser types to outfit these platforms. Steel Lazy Wave Risers (SLWRs) are an adaptation of Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) and have been gaining traction in recent years as a viable solution to harsh environments in ultra-deepwater. The following paper will present an overview of the host platforms that could benefit most from use of lazy wave risers and a justification of their application. A case study highlighting the performance comparison of large diameter SCRs versus SLWRs attached to turret and spread moored FPSO platforms in a moderate environment will be presented. The results indicate that SLWRs prove feasible with sufficient margins in strength and fatigue when compared to simple SCRs.
Ramification Study on IACS Harmonized Common Structural Rules: Impact on Structural Design and Scantlings
Authors: Jiameng Wu , Gang Wang , Shijian Cai
Published: September 2021

The Harmonized Common Structural Rules (CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been issued on 1st Jan 2014, and will enter into force on 1st July 2015 to supersede the current two separate CSR versions, namely CSR-OT for Oil tankers and CSR-BC for bulk carriers. CSR-H aims at a consistent methodology harmonizing CSR-OT and CSR-BC, and establishes new criteria and requirements with the further aim of compliance with the IMO Goal Based Standard (GBS) where GBS functional requirements fall within Classification Rule scope. To maintain equivalent or higher safety level than current CSR, the rule developments within CSR-H are as a guideline aimed at scantling requirements that will be the same or higher for a given CSR vessel given the same ship design parameters and structural arrangement both globally and locally. The purpose of this study is to introduce the main changes from CSR to CSR-H, the new criteria set up for GBS compliance, and evaluate their impact on the structural design, especially on the scantlings. A carefully selected set of ten bulk carriers and eight oil tankers are investigated with the focus not only on the midship area but also on the foremost and aftmost cargo block areas as well. The typical critical areas affected by CSR-H due to fatigue or buckling criteria are identified, discussed and analyzed in detail. The impacts on scantlings and improvement suggestions for structural design based on CSR-H are further summarized and conclusions made.
A Unified Laboratory and Field Testing Approach of Marine Shock Mitigating Seats
Authors: Lougheed Mark D. , Canova James
Published: September 2021

Marine shock mitigating seats have been shown to reduce fatigue and decrease the likelihood and severity of injury of seated persons –particularly when installed aboard high speed commercial or combatant planing craft. Not so clear is how the performance of such seating systems are characterized so informed decisions can be made as to which seats perform best in specific conditions. Standards do exist to help quantify the injury risks associated with exposure to repeated shock and whole body vibration. However, such methods are field test based and the results somewhat difficult to understand. Work by the authors is presented from their experiences in characterizing seat performance to different standards includingSed8(ISO 2631-5,1997), UK Ministry of Defense Protocol 1 (UK MoD, 2014) as well as members sitting on the new ISO TC108/SC4/WG18 subcommittee on Human Exposure to Mechanical Vibration and Shock, Testing of Shock Mitigating Marine Seats. A new method is presented that allows for results obtained by both field and laboratory seat testing to be related to injury risk and compared equally in meaningful, understandable and objective ways.
Ship Hull Form Optimization Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Huang Fuxin , Wang Lijue , Yang Chi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms are introduced to optimize ship hull forms for reduced drag. Two versions of ABC algorithm are used: one is the basic ABC algorithm, and the other is an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm. A recently developed fast flow solver based on the Neumann-Michell theory is used to evaluate the drag of the ship in the optimization process. The ship hull surface is represented by discrete triangular panels and modified using radial basis function interpolation method. The developed optimization algorithms are first validated by benchmark mathematical functions with different dimensions. They are then applied to the optimization of DTMB Model 5415 for reduced drag. Two optimal hull forms are obtained by the ABC and the IABC algorithms. A large drag reduction is obtained by both of the algorithms. The optimal hull form obtained by the IABC algorithm has larger drag reduction than that of the hull form from the ABC algorithm. The results show that two ABC algorithms can be used for optimizing ship hull forms and the IABC algorithm has better performance than the ABC algorithm for the tested case in ship hull form optimization.
Proposta disciplinar para compor indicadores de manuseio da água em instituições de saúde
Authors: Rosa William Ferreira , Medeiros Flávia Vieira da Silva
Published: September 2021

A luz desse trabalho entende-se o quão importante é a água em nossa existência. A água é, indiscutivelmente, fundamental para a sobrevivência do homem, mas pode também constituir fator de moléstias provocadas pelos vetores que se abrigam na água, se não forem tomadas as necessárias medidas de proteção aos recursos hídricos. Para o indivíduo manter o corpo em perfeito equilíbrio e saudável, precisa-se atentar para alguns cuidados, inclusive com o que se ingere, inclusive a água. Para as instituições de saúde, é de fundamental importância que a água seja rigorosamente tratada e monitorada, antes de ser aproveitada pelos profissionais e principalmente pelos pacientes que já se encontram debilitados em tratamento. Este trabalho apresenta avaliação de dados da qualidade da água em instituições de saúde e, através de indicadores corretivos, propõe o POP (Procedimento Operacional Padrão) de como manusear e utilizar a água em instituições de saúde. O trabalho foi norteado por pesquisa bibliográfica (livros, artigos e sites) para poder trazer definições e conceitos, elucidando os temas.
Estimativa das taxas de desmatamento do município de Itacoatiara, Amazonas, utilizando séries Temporais Landsat-5/TM
Authors: Morales Bruno Ferezim , Costa Alan Lopes da , Nogueira Rodrigo Bíscaro , Arraes Christiano Luna
Published: September 2021

Estimativas de taxas de desmatamento realizadas de forma continua, utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, favorecem o monitoramento de grandes áreas como a Amazônia. Sendo assim o presente estudo objetivou estimar as taxas de desmatamento anual e diária do Município de Itacoatiara- AM, utilizando para isso imagens do satélite Landsat-5/TM. A princípio foi realizado o registro das imagens Lansat-5/TM e na sequencia calculado os valores de NDVI, o que tornou possível gerar máscaras mais fiéis aos eventos estudados. Com bases nesses valores foram calculadas taxas anuais e diárias de desmatamento para o município entre os anos de 1997 e 2011. Os resultados indicaram oscilação entre valores positivos e negativos de desmatamento para o período analisado. Foram verificadas taxas positivas de desmatamento para os anos de 2000, 2005, 2007, 2009 e 2011, com destaque para o ano de 2007 com taxa anual de desmatamento de 1438,8  km2 por ano. Ressalta-se que nos anos de 2009 e 2011 foram estimadas taxas de desmatamento relativamente baixas se comparadas com as taxas dos anos anteriores. Verificou-se que as taxas de desmatamento para o período estudado tiveram o pico em 2007 e após isso sofreram uma diminuição, isso se deve a descaracterização do município como principal como principal pólo madeireiro do estado no mesmo período. Portanto, pode-se inferir que a exploração madeireira juntamente com agropecuária são os principais agentes do desmatamento nos municípios do interior da Amazônia legal.
Investigación filosófica y emociones
Authors: Zaragoza Bernal Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Los estudios filosóficos sobre emociones se pueden dividir en dos grandes grupos: 1) aquellos que consideran que las emociones son naturales, resultado de nuestra evolución; 2) aquellos que, interesados en el pensamiento de autores concretos respecto a las emociones, no sostienen ninguna posición sustantiva acerca de ellas.

En este artículo exploramos una tercera opción: entender que las emociones son históricas, contextuales y socialmente definidas. Abrimos así la posibilidad a una nueva forma de investigación filosófica, que partiría de la ontología histórica del filósofo Ian Hacking como herramienta desde la que abordar el estudio filosófico de las emociones en la historia.

Emotions research in Philosophy could be classified into two main groups: 1) Those that considers emotions as a natural feature, the result of our evolutionary history; 2) Those that are interested in the study of what a particular philosopher said about the emotions, and, therefore, do not sustain any substantive claim about the nature of the emotions.

I explore a third option: to understand emotions as historical, contextual, and socially constituted. This new approach opens up the door to a new form of philosophical inquiry on emotions in their historical contexts, based on Ian Hacking’s historical ontology.
On Strict (Outer-)Confluent Graphs
Authors: Förster Henry , Ganian Robert , Klute Fabian , Nöllenburg Martin
Published: September 2021

A strict confluent (SC) graph drawing is a drawing of a graph with vertices as points in the plane, where vertex adjacencies are represented not by individual curves but rather by unique smooth paths through a planar system of junctions and arcs.
If all vertices of the graph lie in the outer face of the drawing, the drawing is called a strict outerconfluent (SOC) drawing.
SC and SOC graphs were first considered by Eppstein et al. in Graph Drawing 2013.
Here, we establish several new relationships between the class of SC graphs and other graph classes, in particular string graphs and unit-interval graphs.
Further, we extend earlier results about special bipartite graph classes to the notion of strict outerconfluency, show that SOC graphs have cop number two, and establish that tree-like ($\Delta$-)SOC graphs have bounded cliquewidth.
KLIJAVOST SJEMENA I VITALITET EMBRIONA PITOMOG KESTENA (Castanea sativa Mill.) NA PODRUČJU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Daničić Vanja , Isajev Vasilije , Mataruga Milan , Cvjetković Branislav
Published: September 2021

Analiziranje kvaliteta sjemena i njegovog klijanja ima veliku važnost u proučavanju varijabiliteta pitomog kestena. Ovim analizama se u najranijem uzrastu biljaka može utvrditi obim potencijalne genetičke varijabilnosti vrste. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kvaliteta sjemena, direktnim (tehnička klijavost) i indirektnim metodom (ispitivanje vitaliteta embriona pomoću Tetrazolijum testa – TZ-test), za uzorke pitomog kestena iz šest prirodnih populacija sa područja Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH). Ispitivanja su obavljena prema uputstvima „The International Seed Testing Association”. Analizom su obuhvaćene uzastopno dvije kalendarske godine. Utvrđena je niska prosječna vrijednost klijavosti sjemena kao i vitaliteta embriona za sve istraživane populacije u obje godine istraživanja. Poznavanje kvaliteta sjemena važan je faktor za sve koji su uključeni u proces proizvodnje sjemena, a informacija o njegovom kvalitetu omogućava smjernice tokom proizvodnje, trgovine i skladištenja.
Vozes e versos quilombolas: uma poética identitária e de resistência em Helvécia
Authors: Santana Gean Paulo Gonçalves
Published: September 2021

Este livro de estreia do pesquisador Gean Paulo Gonçalves Santana é um importante registro da força política da mulher negra no Brasil, sustentada no canto, na dança, no tambor e na ação coletiva. Hoje temos consciência do protagonismo das mulheres em diversos movimentos sociais, na promoção de transformações em benefício da comunidade, de modo que já não se concebem ações antirracistas sem que se considerem as questões relativas à mulher. Este livro se debruça sobre as ações de um grupo de mulheres negras de Helvécia, no sul da Bahia, em que poesia e política se mesclam, organizando a vida em sociedade a partir do canto dançado, em solidariedade.
Translational control of polyamine metabolism by CNBP is required for Drosophila locomotor function
Authors: Coni Sonia , Falconio Federica A , Marzullo Marta , Munafò Marzia , Zuliani Benedetta , Mosti Federica , Fatica Alessandro , Ianniello Zaira , Bordone Rosa , Macone Alberto , Agostinelli Enzo , Perna Alessia , Matkovic Tanja , Sigrist Stephan , Silvestri Gabriella , Canettieri Gianluca , Ciapponi Laura
Published: September 2021

Microsatellite expansions of CCTG repeats in the cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) gene leads to accumulation of toxic RNA and have been associated with myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). However, it is still unclear whether the dystrophic phenotype is also linked to CNBP decrease, a conserved CCHC-type zinc finger RNA-binding protein that regulates translation and is required for mammalian development. Here, we show that depletion of Drosophila CNBP in muscles causes ageing-dependent locomotor defects that are correlated with impaired polyamine metabolism. We demonstrate that the levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines are significantly reduced upon dCNBP depletion. Of note, we show a reduction of the CNBP-polyamine axis in muscles from DM2 patients. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that dCNBP controls polyamine metabolism through binding dOdc mRNA and regulating its translation. Remarkably, the locomotor defect of dCNBP-deficient flies is rescued by either polyamine supplementation or dOdc1 overexpression. We suggest that this dCNBP function is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates with relevant implications for CNBP-related pathophysiological conditions.
Lipid droplets and ferritin heavy chain: a devilish liaison in human cancer cell radioresistance
Authors: Tirinato Luca , Marafioti Maria Grazia , Pagliari Francesca , Jansen Jeannette , Aversa Ilenia , Hanley Rachel , Nisticò Clelia , Garcia-Calderón Daniel , Genard Geraldine , Guerreiro Joana Filipa , Costanzo Francesco Saverio , Seco Joao
Published: September 2021

Although much progress has been made in cancer treatment, the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance (RR) as well as the biological signatures of radioresistant cancer cells still need to be clarified. In this regard, we discovered that breast, bladder, lung, neuroglioma, and prostate 6 Gy X-ray resistant cancer cells were characterized by an increase of lipid droplet (LD) number and that the cells containing highest LDs showed the highest clonogenic potential after irradiation. Moreover, we observed that LD content was tightly connected with the iron metabolism and in particular with the presence of the ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). In fact, breast and lung cancer cells silenced for the FTH1 gene showed a reduction in the LD numbers and, by consequence, became radiosensitive. FTH1 overexpression as well as iron-chelating treatment by Deferoxamine were able to restore the LD amount and RR. Overall, these results provide evidence of a novel mechanism behind RR in which LDs and FTH1 are tightly connected to each other, a synergistic effect that might be worth deeply investigating in order to make cancer cells more radiosensitive and improve the efficacy of radiation treatments.
Urban Ornithology
Authors: Buckley P. A. , Sedwitz Walter , Norse William J. , Kieran John
Published: September 2021

This book offers the first quantitative long-term historical analysis of the migratory, winter, and breeding avifaunas of any New York City natural area—Van Cortlandt Park and the adjacent Northwest Bronx—and spans the century and a half from 1872 to 2016. Only Manhattan’s Central and Brooklyn’s Prospect Parks have published even lightly annotated cumulative species lists, last updated in 1967, and the most recent book addressing the birdlife of the New York City area was published more than 50 years ago. Addressed are the 301 Bronx, New York City and New York City area species known to have occurred within the study area, plus another 70 potential additions. These are contrasted with their status in adjacent Riverdale, the entire Bronx, Central and Prospect Parks, New York City, plus Long Island, Westchester, and Rockland Cos. The history of the 123 known study area breeding species are tracked from 1872—only 20 years after Audubon’s death in Manhattan—complemented by unique quantitative breeding data from Van Cortlandt Park censuses from 1937 to 2015. Gains and losses of breeding species are tracked and discussed as an expanding New York City inexorably extinguished unique habitat, offset only slightly by addition of two large reservoirs. Comparisons are provided with analogous data from heavily monitored Central and Prospect Parks. The tradeoffs in attempting to managing an urban park area for mass recreation at the same time as conserving its natural resources are highlighted.
The Rise and Decline of the American Century
Authors: Walker William O. III
Published: September 2021

This book discusses how U.S. officials, influenced by publisher Henry R. Luce in an essay in Life magazine in 1941, strove to create an American Century at the close of World War II, and beyond. The United States, Luce held, must seek comprehensive leadership, that is, global hegemony. The advent of the Cold War hastened that undertaking. Communist victory in China’s civil war in 1949 and the start of the Korean War in June 1950 made the Cold War international. U.S. officials implemented the dual strategy of global containment and multilateralism in trade and finance in order to counter Soviet influence. By the late 1950s, however, a changing world, which the nonaligned movement epitomized, was questioning U.S. leadership and, thus, the appeal of the American Century. International crises and adverse balance of payments meant trouble for Luce’s project in the early 1960s. The debacle of 1968 for Lyndon Johnson, as seen in relations with allies, the Vietnam War, and a weak dollar, cost him his presidency and curtailed the growth of the American Century. Richard Nixon then attempted to revitalize U.S. leadership through détente with the Communist world. At most, there remains today a quasi-American Century, premised largely on military power.
Perilous Futures
Authors: Hohendahl Peter Uwe
Published: September 2021

The book re-examines Carl Schmitt’s late work, which until fairly recently received less attention because of its seemingly non-systematic nature. The study focuses on Schmitt’s major post-war publications, among them The Nomos of the Earth, Theory of the Partisan, Political Theology II as well as his diaries. It emphasizes formal and structural aspects, deliberately resisting a systematic approach, focusing instead on tensions and contradictions within Schmitt’s writings. The book explores Schmitt’s shift from a German nationalist position to a defence of an imperial European tradition, leading up to an international agenda that modifies Schmitt’s older position without giving up conceptual and theoretical continuities. Because of these modifications--that is the thesis of the study--Schmitt’s late work could gain international attention after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it resonates with greater global instability and increasing doubts about the viability of international liberalism. Finally, Schmitt’s wide but controversial reception, both on the political Right and the Left, becomes the object of scrutiny against the backdrop of Schmitt’s precarious biographical situation and the global political development after World War II. It is the tension between this specific historical context and the later international appropriation that motivates and energizes this study. It aims at a critique of recent Schmitt enthusiasm.
The Perraults
Authors: Rabinovitch Oded
Published: September 2021

Through the story of the Perraults, a family of literary and scientific authors active in seventeenth-century Paris, the book argues that kinship networks played a crucial yet unexamined role in shaping the cultural and intellectual ferment of seventeenth-century France, while showing how culture in its turn shaped kinship and the social history of the family. The book examines the world of letters as means of social mobility and revises our understanding of prominent early modern institutions, such as the Academy of Sciences, Versailles, and the salons, as well as authorship and court capitalism. Put together, this project serves as a catalyst for rethinking early modern cultural and intellectual institutions more broadly. In this view, institutions no longer appear as rigid entities that embody or define intellectual or literary styles, such as “Cartesianism,” “empiricism” or “the purity of the French language.” Rather, they emerge as nodes that connect actors, intellectual projects, family strategies and practices of writing, thereby reframing their relation to the state.
No Longer Newsworthy
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: September 2021

Workers in the U.S. have been increasingly invisible since the late 1960s, as the news media shifted their focus to upscale audiences and lost sight of the American working class. This bookcharts the decline of labor reporting and the shift in worker news narratives from a labor-based to a consumer-based perspective during the twentieth century. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, most American newspapers became part of large, publicly traded media companies and refocused their target market from a mass audience to upscale readership. America’s white working class, a segment of the broader working class cut adrift from mainstream journalism, eventually found the rising conservative media – right-wing newspapers, Christian television, vitriolic talk radio, Fox News, and later a host of conservative web sites that specialize in stoking white, working class grievances. The newspaper industry’s upscale turn resulted in a momentous fallout: the decline of labor reporting, changing narratives about workers, the popular deployment of frames tagging labor unions and pro-worker policies as “job killers,” the loss of political voice for the working class, the rise of conservative media, and the conditions for a Donald Trump presidency.
Rough Draft
Authors: Rutenberg Amy
Published: September 2021

This book argues that policy makers’ idealized conceptions of middle-class masculinity directly affected who they targeted for conscription during the Cold War. Along with much of the American population, federal officials, including those within the Selective Service System, believed college educated men could better protect the nation from the threat of communism as civilians than as soldiers. The availability of deferments for these men grew rapidly between 1945 and 1965, militarizing their occupations and making it less and less likely that middle-class white men would serve in the Cold War military. Meanwhile, officials used the War on Poverty to target poorer men for conscription in the hopes that military service would offer them skills they could use in civilian life. Therefore, while some men resisted military service in Vietnam for reasons of political conscience, most of those who avoided military service did so because manpower polices made it possible. By protecting middle-class breadwinners in the name of national security, policy planners militarized certain civilian roles, a move that, ironically, separated military service from the obligations of masculine citizenship and, ultimately, helped kill the draft in the United States.
The Day After
Authors: Gallagher Brendan
Published: September 2021

This book explores why, in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, we initially mopped the floor with our enemies only to discover we had no coherent plan to manage the “day after.” The ensuing postwar debacles had staggering consequences that continue to reverberate today. How did this happen? This book argues there is a tension between our desire to create a democracy and our competing desire to pullout as soon as possible. Our leaders often use magical thinking to try to accomplish both aims and keep everyone happy – but such an incoherent approach is likely to sow chaos. This book incorporates new interviews with dozens of civilian and military officials, ranging from U.S. cabinet secretaries to four-star generals. It also sheds light on how, in Kosovo, we lowered our postwar aims to quietly achieve a surprising partial success. Overall, this book seeks to help us learn from our recent past, and thereby avoid further disasters.
Sovereign Necropolis
Authors: Pearson Trais
Published: September 2021

By the 1890s, Siam (Thailand) was the last holdout against European imperialism in Southeast Asia. But the kingdom's exceptional status came with a substantial caveat: Bangkok, its bustling capital, was a port city that was subject to many of the same legal and fiscal constraints as other colonial treaty ports. This book offers new insight into turn-of-the-century Thai history by disinterring the forgotten stories of those who died “unnatural deaths” during this period and the work of the Siamese state to assert their rights in a pluralistic legal arena. The book documents the piecemeal introduction of new forms of legal and medical concern for the dead. It reveals that the investigation of unnatural death demanded testimony from diverse strata of society: from the unlettered masses to the king himself. These cases raised questions about how to handle the dead—were they spirits to be placated or legal subjects whose deaths demanded compensation?—as well as questions about jurisdiction, rights, and liability. Exhuming the history of imperial politics, transnational commerce, technology, and expertise, the book demonstrates how the state's response to global flows transformed the nature of legal subjectivity and politics in lasting ways. A compelling exploration of the troubling lives of the dead in a cosmopolitan treaty port, the book is a notable contribution to the growing corpus of studies in science, law, and society in the non-Western world.
Policing the Frontier
Authors: Göpfert Mirco
Published: September 2021

This book explores what it means to be a gendarme investigating cases, writing reports, and settling disputes in rural Niger. At the same time, the book looks at the larger bureaucracy and the irresolvable tension between bureaucratic structures and procedures and peoples' lives. The world of facts and files exists on one side, and the chaotic and messy human world exists on the other. The book contends that bureaucracy and police work emerge in a sphere of constant and ambivalent connection and separation. The book's frontier in Niger (and beyond) is seen through ideas of space, condition, and project, packed with constraints and possibilities, riddled with ambiguities, and brutally destructive yet profoundly empowering. As the book demonstrates, the tragedy of the frontier becomes as palpable as the true impossibility of police work and bureaucracy.
The History of Starved Rock
Authors: Walczynski Mark
Published: September 2021

This book provides an overview of the famous site in Utica, Illinois, from when European explorers first viewed the bluff in 1673 through to 1911, when Starved Rock became the centerpiece of Illinois' second state park. The land that today comprises Starved Rock State Park and the adjacent countryside was nearly continuously occupied by Native Americans until the early nineteenth century. By the early nineteenth century, American frontier settlers would arrive and change the entire dynamic of the Starved Rock area. The book pulls together stories and insights from the language, geology, geography, anthropology, archaeology, biology, and agriculture of the park to provide readers with an understanding of both the human and natural history of Starved Rock, and to put it into context with the larger history of the American Midwest.
An artificial neural network for automated behavioral state classification in rats
Authors: Ellen Jacob G. , Dash Michael B.
Published: September 2021

Accurate behavioral state classification is critical for many research applications. Researchers typically rely upon manual identification of behavioral state through visual inspection of electrophysiological signals, but this approach is time intensive and subject to low inter-rater reliability. To overcome these limitations, a diverse set of algorithmic approaches have been put forth to automate the classification process. Recently, novel machine learning approaches have been detailed that produce rapid and highly accurate classifications. These approaches however, are often computationally expensive, require significant expertise to implement, and/or require proprietary software that limits broader adoption. Here we detail a novel artificial neural network that uses electrophysiological features to automatically classify behavioral state in rats with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Common parameters of interest to sleep scientists, including state-dependent power spectra and homeostatic non-REM slow wave activity, did not significantly differ when using this automated classifier as compared to manual scoring. Flexible options enable researchers to further increase classification accuracy through manual rescoring of a small subset of time intervals with low model prediction certainty or further decrease researcher time by generalizing trained networks across multiple recording days. The algorithm is fully open-source and coded within a popular, and freely available, software platform to increase access to this research tool and provide additional flexibility for future researchers. In sum, we have developed a readily implementable, efficient, and effective approach for automated behavioral state classification in rats.
Prediction of Smoke Risk Ratings in the Combustion of Some Wood and Plastics
Authors: You JiSun , Chung Yeong-Jin
Published: September 2021

In this study, pinus koraiensis (nut pine) and quercus aliena (white oak) and polyethylene (PE) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were selected. And it was measured with a cone calorimeter in accordance with ISO 5660-1. With the measured values, it was intended to comprehensively predict the risk of smoke by Chung’s equations 1 (smoke performance index, SPI) and Chung’s equations 2 (smoke growth index, SGI). To standardize fire hazard assessment in case of fire by extending this, standard materials (PMMA) were used to classify the smoke risk by the Chung's equations-V (smoke performance index-V, SPI-V and smoke growth index-V, SGI-V) and Chung's equation-VI (smoke risk index-VI, SRI-VI) to evaluate it. The SPI-V was the lowest with nut pine of 0.73 and the highest PE was the highest with 37.22. In the SGI-V, PE was the material that produced the least smoke with the least amount of 0.03. Nut pine is expected to generate a large amount of smoke with the highest at 10.00. SRI-VI, it appeared in the order of PE (0.00) < PMMA (1.00) < white oak (1.44) << nut pine (13.70). Therefore, it was judged that PE had the lowest smoke risk and nut pine had the highest. In addition, it was found that the combustion of wood was done in an incomplete form than that of plastics.
Comparison between Domestic and Foreign Technical Standards to Review the Necessity of Establishing a Performance test System for High-pressure and High-flow Fire Pumps in Fire Trucks
Authors: Jang Dong-Ha , Ku Jae-Hyun , Jeong Jae-Han , Lim Woo-Sub
Published: September 2021

Recently, the demand for high-pressure and high-flow truck-mounted pumps has been increasing due to the frequent occurrence of fires in high-rise buildings. The Korean Fire Equipment Standards, which were specified by the National Fire Agency in January 2018, stipulate the performance test of high-pressure and high-flow fire pumps. In this paper, the relevance of the fire pump standard in Korean Fire Equipment Standards was evaluated by comparison and review the technical standards of domestic KFI certification, NFPA1901 in the United States and EN1028 in Europe based on the performance test of currently used truck-mounted fire pumps. Furthermore, the necessity of establishing performance test facilities for fire pumps was discussed based on the difference between the technical fire pump standards of National Fire Agency and current KFI certification to introduce accurate and safe high-pressure, high-flow fire pumps in the future.
Technical and Vocational Education (TVE): Role in Individual and National Growth
Authors: Amin Salma
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses on understanding the role of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) in individual development by gaining better employment and higher earnings. It further explores the relationship between Technical & Vocational Education and the growth of national economy. Technical and Vocational Education is the form of education that consists of training all necessary skills required for profitable employment as well as acquisition of basic educational foundation. TVE enables the individual to gain all necessary skills and competencies for employability which affect the national growth and development