bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrability of dominated decompositions on three-dimensional manifolds
Authors: LUZZATTO STEFANO , TÜRELİ SİNA , WAR KHADIM
Published: February 2016

We investigate the integrability of two-dimensional invariant distributions (tangent sub-bundles) which arise naturally in the context of dynamical systems on 3-manifolds. In particular, we prove unique integrability of dynamically dominated and volume-dominated Lipschitz continuous invariant decompositions as well as distributions with some other regularity conditions.
Reduced-order precursors of rare events in unidirectional nonlinear water waves
Authors: Cousins Will , Sapsis Themistoklis P.
Published: February 2016

We consider the problem of short-term prediction of rare, extreme water waves in irregular unidirectional fields, a critical topic for ocean structures and naval operations. One possible mechanism for the occurrence of such rare, unusually intense waves is nonlinear wave focusing. Recent results have demonstrated that random localizations of energy, induced by the linear dispersive mixing of different harmonics, can grow significantly due to modulation instability. Here we show how the interplay between (i) modulation instability properties of localized wave groups and (ii) statistical properties of wave groups that follow a given spectrum defines a critical length scale associated with the formation of extreme events. The energy that is locally concentrated over this length scale acts as the ‘trigger’ of nonlinear focusing for wave groups and the formation of subsequent rare events. We use this property to develop inexpensive, short-term predictors of large water waves, circumventing the need for solving the governing equations. Specifically, we show that by merely tracking the energy of the wave field over the critical length scale allows for the robust, inexpensive prediction of the location of intense waves with a prediction window of 25 wave periods. We demonstrate our results in numerical experiments of unidirectional water wave fields described by the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The presented approach introduces a new paradigm for understanding and predicting intermittent and localized events in dynamical systems characterized by uncertainty and potentially strong nonlinear mechanisms.
POWER TO THE PEOPLE: REVISITING CIVIL RESISTANCE IN ROMANS 13:1-7 IN LIGHT OF THE NOAHIC COVENANT
Authors: VanDrunen David
Published: February 2016

Romans 13:1–7 has been the most important text in scripture for Christian reflection on political authority, yet what it does not say has left Christian social ethicists and political/legal theorists with many lingering questions, especially about the proper response to unjust magistrates. To what resources should Christian thinkers look to illumine the gaps left by the Pauline silence, and just how absolute or relative did Paul intend his remarks in Romans 13:1–7 to be? This article presents a twofold thesis in response to this twofold question. First, it argues that the Noahic covenant, Genesis 8:21–9:17, is an important, although overlooked, background resource for interpreting Romans 13:1–7. Second, this article illustrates the practical benefit of reading Romans 13 in light of the Noahic covenant by offering a new argument for why Christians should not interpret Paul's unqualified command to submit to civil authorities as absolutely forbidding resistance to unjust magistrates. Paul's words about magistrates in Romans 13 have not superseded the obligation to pursue justice that God gave to the human community as a whole in the Noahic covenant. Thus the primal obligation resting in the people implicitly qualifies Paul's instructions.
Effects of vitamin D2-fortified breadv. supplementation with vitamin D2or D3on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women
Authors: Itkonen Suvi T. , Skaffari Essi , Saaristo Pilvi , Saarnio Elisa M. , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Jakobsen Jette , Cashman Kevin D. , Lamberg-Allardt Christel
Published: February 2016

There is a need for food-based solutions for preventing vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D3(D3) is mainly used in fortified food products, although the production of vitamin D2(D2) is more cost-effective, and thus may hold opportunities. We investigated the bioavailability of D2from UV-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20–37-year-old women (n33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February–April) 2014. Four study groups were given different study products (placebo pill and regular bread=0 µg D2or D3/d; D2supplement and regular bread=25 µg D2/d; D3supplement and regular bread=25 µg D3/d; and placebo pill and D2-biofortified bread=25 µg D2/d). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2(S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point. The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D=S-25(OH)D2+S-25(OH)D3) concentration was 65·1 nmol/l. In repeated-measures ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline S-25(OH)D as total/D2/D3), D2-bread did not affect total S-25(OH)D (P=0·707) or S-25(OH)D3(P=0·490), but increased S-25(OH)D2compared with placebo (P<0·001). However, the D2supplement was more effective than bread in increasing S-25(OH)D2(P<0·001). Both D2and D3supplementation increased total S-25(OH)D compared with placebo (P=0·030 andP=0·001, respectively), but D2supplementation resulted in lower S-25(OH)D3(P<0·001). Thus, D2from UV-irradiated yeast in bread was not bioavailable in humans. Our results support the evidence that D2is less potent in increasing total S-25(OH)D concentrations than D3, also indicating a decrease in the percentage contribution of S-25(OH)D3to the total vitamin D pool.
The future of iPS cells in advancing regenerative medicine
Authors: LIU PENG , LI KE , XU SHAOHUA
Published: February 2016

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great potential in regenerative medicine, including cell replacement therapies and disease modelling in vitro. However, with this potential comes several challenges, including clinical safety, reprogramming and differentiation efficiency, and compromised functionality of differentiated cell types after transplantation. Many of these issues arise from imprecise control of cell fate. With large-scale sequencing and genome-editing technologies we can now precisely manipulate the genome, which has expanded our knowledge of functional cell types and cell identity. These technologies may improve our efforts in generating iPS-derived therapeutic cells and in development of therapies for human diseases.
Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard
Authors: MAHER HARMON D. , OGATA KEI , BRAATHEN ALVAR
Published: February 2016

Cone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at <300 m depth. Multiple models exist for CIC formation. For the Edgeøya example, textural analysis of thin-sections suggests that small tensile fractures and carbonate shell fragments nucleated development of calcite aggregates with CIC and BF morphology within unconsolidated to poorly consolidated sediment to form asymmetric antitaxial tensile aggregates subparallel to bedding and fault surfaces. The conical forms result from differential growth on stepped, cleavage-parallel faces of fibres facing host sediment, with preferential inclusion incorporation at inner corners. The preferred directions of calcite growth are attributed to local stresses and seepage flow associated with pore pressure gradients. Substantial framboidal pyrite in the sediments represents an early phase of microbially driven sulphate reduction, which may have induced calcite mineralization. The transition to brittle-style faulting was marked by development of deformation twins in CIC/BF fibres, and a transition to coarse, blocky calcite growth in relay arrays of steeply oriented microveins. This indicates local fault-related stresses substantially changed during shallow diagenesis and lithification, an evolution attributed to changing pore pressures, seepage forces and material moduli. Calcite mineralizations at Edgeøya track the very significant changes in mechanical properties and stress states that occur during synlithification deformation at very shallow crustal levels.
Changing trends in the incidence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: seven decades of experience at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
Authors: Mishra A , Mishra S C
Published: February 2016

Background:

The occurrence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is reportedly higher in India than in some other parts of the world, and our centre has seen a four-fold increase in its occurrence across seven decades.

Methods:

This paper reports a retrospective archival analysis of 701 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma cases from 1958 to 2013, and considers probable environmental factors in an Indian context that may affect its biology and the global distribution, as reported in the literature.

Results:

A continuously progressive increase in occurrence was evident, but the rapid rise observed in the current decade was alarming. The world map of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence does not reflect true global distribution given the paucity of reporting. Our centre has dealt with approximately 400 cases in the last 24 years.

Conclusion:

With the alarming increase in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence, there is a need for a registry to define its epidemiology. The world literature needs to reflect the status of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma incidence in the third world as well. Environmental factors known for hormone disruptive actions may influence its occurrence. Such aspects need to be considered to plan specific prevention policies.
No place for old women: a critical inquiry into age in later working life
Authors: LOTHERINGTON ANN THERESE , OBSTFELDER AUD , HALFORD SUSAN
Published: February 2016

Western countries currently face pressing demands to transform the labour market participation of older workers, in order to address the pressing economic and social challenges of an ageing population. However, in this article we argue that our understanding of older workers is limited by a dominant discourse that emphasises individuals rather than organisations; and valorises youth as the performative aspiration for all workers, regardless of age. To see things differently, and to see different things, we offer a novel analytical synthesis that combines insights from post-foundational feminist theory, the 2007 filmNo Country for Old Menand an empirical study of older nurses working in the Norwegian public health-care system. Our aim is to provide the foundations for alternative interventions in the world of work that might underpin a more sustainable future for older workers.
Bubble structure in laser wake-field acceleration
Authors: Toosi Ershad Sadeghi , Mirzanejhad Saeed , Dorranian Davoud
Published: February 2016

Highly nonlinear ellipsoid bubble regime of the laser wake-field acceleration with high-intensity laser pulse is considered with analytical and numerical calculations. The important property of this regime is the production of the mono-energetic high-quality electron beam. We introduce a new twofold ellipsoid structure of the bubble (egg shape) by referring to some published two-dimensional (2D) and 3D simulations. In this paper, a new analytical formalism is introduced, in which dimensions of the front part of the ellipsoid bubble are related to the laser pulse and plasma parameters. These relationships are in agreement with 2D particle-in-cell code results in recent work (Benedetti et al., 2013).
Modification of copper surface by runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharges at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Erofeev Mikhail V. , Fang Zhi , Shulepov Mikhail A. , Zhou Zhongsheng , Tarasenko Victor F. , Shao Tao
Published: February 2016

Runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) could generate volume non-thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure, thus is widely used for surface modification. In this paper, two pulsed generators are used to produce REP DD for modifying copper (Cu) foil in atmospheric air. One generator produces repetitive pulses with a peak voltage of 40 kV and a rise time of 150 ns. The other generator produces single pulse with a peak voltage of 280 kV and a rise time of 0.5 ns. After the treatment, the modification results for including the macro topography, chemical composition and microhardness in different depths of the Cu surface are analyzed. In order to estimate the modification results in different areas of the Cu foil, several points from the center to the edge of the Cu sample are selected. It could be observed that the maximal modification effect usually appears in the area where the density of the diffuse discharge plasma is highest. The experimental results show REP DD treatment could significantly decrease the water contact angle and increase surface energy of the Cu foil. Meanwhile, it could decrease the carbon concentration and increase oxygen concentration in the near-surface layer of the Cu sample, and enhance the microhardness in different depths of the Cu foil.
Safe manipulation in unknown, crowded environments via sensor-based interleaving planner: interleaving software and sensitive skin hardware
Authors: Um Dugan , Ryu Dongseok
Published: February 2016

As various robots are anticipated to coexist with humans in the near future, safe manipulation in unknown, cluttered environments becomes an important issue. Manipulation in an unknown environment, however, has been proven to be NP-Hard and the risk of unexpected human--robot collision hampers the dawning of the era of human--robot coexistence. We propose a non-contact-based sensitive skin as a means to provide safe manipulation hardware and interleaving planning between the workspace and the configuration space as software to solve manipulation problems in unknown, crowded environments. Novelty of the paper resides in demonstration of real time and yet complete path planning in an uncertain and crowded environment. To that end, we introduce the framework of the sensor-based interleaving planner (SBIP) whereby search completeness and safe manipulation are both guaranteed in cluttered environments. We study an interleaving mechanism between sensation in a workspace and execution in the corresponding configuration space for real-time planning in uncertain environments, thus the name interleaving planner implies.

Applications of the proposed system include manipulators of a humanoid robot, surgical manipulators, and robotic manipulators working in hazardous and uncertain environments such as underwater, unexplored planets, and unstructured indoor spaces.
Agitating for Change: Theatre and a Feminist ‘Network of Resistance’
Authors: ASTON ELAINE
Published: February 2016

Focusing on the UK, where feminism is gaining momentum through multiple sites of activist dissent from a neoliberal hegemony, my primary concern in this article is to understand how, given this renewal of feminist energies, theatre might be able to play its part in agitating for change. Inspired by Chantal Mouffe's compelling description of a ‘network of resistance’, as a possible way forward I conceive of theatre politically as a series of heterogeneously formed sites of oppositional and affirmative activity, each linked into articulating dissent from neoliberalism and the desire for socially progressive change. This provides the critical framework for my engagement with three radically diverse performances ranging from new playwriting (Lucy Kirkwood'sNSFW), through the flash mob (Eve Ensler's One Billion Rising campaign), to the West End musicalMade in Dagenham.
Remember September: Re-performing the Burmese ‘Saffron Revolution’ at the Singapore Biennale
Authors: EISNER RIVKA SYD
Published: February 2016

In the autumn of 2008, artists Chaw Ei Thein and Richard Streitmatter-Tran and collaborators laboured outside in the sweltering heat to create September Sweetness, an installation made of five and a half tons of sugar, for the second Singapore Biennale. September Sweetness was intended to honour the memory of those who perished in the 2007 uprisings known as the ‘Saffron Revolution’ in Myanmar, and to show the ‘erosion of hope’ for a better future. September Sweetness took place a number of years ago now, but the intentionally ephemeral nature of the art object itself – a sugar temple that gradually melted away – as well as its social reception, multiple meanings and collaborative construction process, and the ways in which the memory of the work continue to resonate with past and present politics, make the performative acts that radiated through this project important to recount.
Sbeik Thom at the Season of Cambodia Festival: Performing Memory after the Killing Fields in a Post-9/11 New York City
Authors: GOODLANDER JENNIFER
Published: February 2016

During the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975–9) culture was turned back to ‘Year Zero’ through the murder and destruction of about 90 per cent of the country's artists and intellectuals. These art forms are now being remembered, revised and reinvented in order to articulate a contemporary Cambodian identity. In the spring of 2013, New York City hosted a month-long festival of Cambodian arts called the Season of Cambodia. The festival, which sought to celebrate and reaffirm Cambodian identity through the arts, set the stage for other post-conflict nations seeking renewal through artistic expression. A performance of sbeik thom, or large shadow puppets, was staged at the site of the former World Financial Center, seeking to create a dialogue between New York and Cambodia themed around healing and renewal.
Beginners On Stage: Arendt, Natality and the Appearance of Children in Contemporary Performance
Authors: SENIOR ADELE
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the complex questions that arise around the appearance of children in contemporary performance. Drawing on performances by Nottingham-based theatre company Zoo Indigo and by Tim Etchells and the Flemish theatre company Victoria, I consider the extent to which Hannah Arendt's theorization of natality as ‘the new beginning inherent in birth’ that gives rise to the political potential to ‘begin something anew’ can help us to understand the ethico-political dimensions of children's appearance as natal, biological and relational beings in contemporary performance. In particular, I draw on feminist interpretations of Arendt's work to articulate the significance of the embodied aspects and ethical quality of children's relation to adult spectators and performers. I argue that these performances prompt a rethinking of the child's potential to generate political intervention, which moves beyond Arendt's gendered account of political agency in a public sphere from which children are excluded.
General life satisfaction predicts dementia in community living older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Peitsch Lorraine , Tyas Suzanne L. , Menec Verena H. , St. John Philip D.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Low life satisfaction predicts adverse outcomes, and may predict dementia. The objectives were: (1) to determine if life satisfaction predicts dementia over a five year period in those with normal cognition at baseline; and (2) to determine if different aspects of life satisfaction differentially predict dementia.

Methods:

Secondary analysis of an existing population-based cohort study with initial assessment in 1991 and follow-up five years later. Initially, 1,751 adults age 65+ living in the community were sampled from a representative sampling frame. Of these, 1,024 were alive and had complete data at time 2, of whom 96 were diagnosed with dementia. Life satisfaction was measured using the Terrible-Delightful scale, which measures overall life satisfaction on a 7-point scale, as well as various aspects of life satisfaction (e.g. friendships, finances, etc.) Dementia was diagnosed by clinical examination using DSM-IIIR criteria. Logistic regression models were constructed for the outcome of dementia at time 2, and adjusted for age, gender, education, and comorbidities.

Results:

Overall life satisfaction predicted dementia five years later, at time 2. The unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) for dementia at time 2 was 0.72 (0.55, 0.95) per point. The adjusted OR for dementia was 0.70 (0.51, 0.96). No individual item on the life satisfaction scale predicted dementia. However, the competing risk of mortality was very high for some items.

Conclusion:

A global single-item measure of life satisfaction predicts dementia over a five year period in older adults without cognitive impairment.
POS-tagging arabic texts: A novel approach based on ant colony
Authors: ZRIBI BEN OTHMANE CHIRAZ , BEN FRAJ FERIEL , LIMAM ICHRAF
Published: February 2016

The specificities of the Arabic language, mainly agglutination and vocalization make the task of POS-tagging more difficult than for Indo-European languages. Consequently, POS-tagging texts with good accuracy remains a challenging problem for Arabic language processing applications. In this work, we consider the task of POS-tagging as an optimization problem modeled as a graph whose nodes correspond to all possible grammatical tags given by a morphological analyzer for words in a sentence and the goal is to find the best path (sequence of tags) in this graph. To resolve this problem, we propose a novel approach based on ant colony. Ant colony-based algorithms are among the most efficient methods to resolve optimization problems modeled as a graph. The collaboration of ants having various knowledge creates a collective intelligence and increases efficiency. We have performed experiments on both vocalized and non-vocalized texts and tested two different tagsets containing fine and coarse grained composite tags. The obtained results showed good accuracy rates and hence, the benefits of swarm intelligence for the POS-tagging problem.
Sensitivity to parasitic gaps inside subject islands in native and non-native sentence processing
Authors: BOXELL OLIVER , FELSER CLAUDIA
Published: February 2016

We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring study that investigated late German–English bilinguals’ sensitivity to parasitic gaps inside subject islands. The online reading experiment was complemented by an offline scalar judgement task. The results from the offline task confirmed that for both native and non-native speakers, subject island environments must normally be non-finite in order to host a parasitic gap. The analysis of the reading-time data showed that, while native speakers posited parasitic gaps in non-finite environments only, the non-native group initially overgenerated parasitic gaps, showing delayed sensitivity to island-inducing cues during online processing. Taken together, our findings show that non-native comprehenders are sensitive to exceptions to island constraints that are not attested in their native language and also rare in the L2 input. They need more time than native comprehenders to compute the linguistic representations over which the relevant restrictions are defined, however.
An integrated perspective on code-mixing patterns beyond doubling?
Authors: GULLBERG MARIANNE , PARAFITA COUTO M. CARMEN
Published: February 2016

Code-mixing (CM) is a striking example of how two languages are active simultaneously in bilingual production. Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC) proposes a formalism to account for the systematicity of CM patterns by integrating psycholinguistic notions of bilingual co-activation with generativist accounts of grammar. We applaud the attempt to bridge research traditions and all efforts to capture the systematicity of variation, and the interaction between processing and grammatical constraints in bilingual production. However, the descriptive and predictive scope of the current proposal remains somewhat unclear, as does its connection to existing accounts.
Comparison of different anthropometric measures in the adult population in Serbia as indicators of obesity: data from the National Health Survey 2013
Authors: Maksimović Miloš Ž , Gudelj Rakić Jelena M , Vlajinac Hristina D , Vasiljević Nadja D , Nikić Marina I , Marinković Jelena M
Published: February 2016

Objective

The present study aimed to compare different indicators of obesity in the Serbian adult population.

Design

Cross-sectional study. A stratified, two-stage, national-representative random sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. Data sources were questionnaires created according to the European Health Interview Survey questionnaire. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were performed using standard procedures. Anthropometric measures included BMI, WC and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

Setting

Data for the study were obtained from the 2013 National Health Survey, performed in line with the EUROSTAT recommendations for performance of the European Health Interview Survey.

Subjects

Adults aged ≥20 years.

Results

According to BMI, out of the whole studied population (12 460 adults of both sexes) 2·4 % were underweight, 36·4 % overweight and 22·4 % obese. Using WC and WHtR as measures of adiposity showed that 22·5 % and 42·8 % of participants were overweight and 39·8 % and 25·3 % were obese, respectively. Men and women differed significantly in all variables observed. Overweight was more frequent in men and obesity in women regardless of adiposity measure used.

Conclusions

In spite of strong correlations between BMI, WC and WHtR, substantial discrepancies between these three measures in the assessment of overweight and obesity were found, especially in some age groups. Which of these anthropometric measures should be used, or whether two or all three of them should be applied, depends on their associations with cardiovascular or some other disease of interest.
Null Subjects in Early Icelandic
Authors: Kinn Kari , Rusten Kristian A. , Walkden George
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the possibility of subject omission in the history of Icelandic, including the syntactic and pragmatic conditions under which it could arise. Based on regression analysis of substantial data drawn from the IcePaHC corpus, we provide robust quantitative support for Hjartardóttir's (1987) claim that null subjects persist until a very late stage in Icelandic. We also argue, contra Sigurðsson (1993), that only one licensing mechanism is needed for null subjects in early Icelandic. Moreover, on the basis of the position of the null subjects and their person features, we argue that the modern stage, where (predominantly 3rd person)pro-drop yields to a system permitting topic drop of all persons, arises in Icelandic in the early twentieth century.*
WHY LITTLE THINKERS ARE A BIG DEAL: THE RELEVANCE OF CHILDHOOD STUDIES TO INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
Authors: FIELD CORINNE T.
Published: February 2016

Why should intellectual historians care about children? Until recently, the answer was that adults’ ideas about children matter, particularly for the history of education and the history of conceptions of the family, but children's ideas are of little significance. Beginning with Philippe Ariès in the 1960s, historians took to exploring how and why adults’ ideas about children changed over time. In these early histories of childhood, young people figured as consumers of culture and objects of socialization, but not as producers or even conduits of ideas.
Health reform in Finland: current proposals and unresolved challenges
Authors: Saltman Richard B. , Teperi Juha
Published: February 2016

The Finnish health care system is widely respected for its pilot role in creating primary-care-led health systems. In the early 1990s, however, a severe economic downturn in Finland reduced public funding and weakened the Finnish system’s deeply decentralized model of health care administration. Recent Bank of Finland projections forecasting several decades of slow economic growth, combined with the impact of an aging population, appear to make major reform of the existing public system inevitable. Over the last several years, political attention has focused mostly on administrative consolidation inside the public sector, particularly integration of health and social services. Current proposals call for a reformed health sector governance structure based on a new meso-level configuration of public administration. In addition, Finland’s national government has proposed replacing the current multi-channel public funding structure (which includes health insurance subsidies for occupational health services) with a single-channel public funding structure. This commentary examines several key issues involved in reforming the delivery structure of the Finnish health care system. It also explores possible alternative strategies to reform current funding arrangements. The article concludes with a brief discussion of implications from this Finnish experience for the wider health reform debate.
Psychische Auffälligkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in familienrechtlichen Verfahren
Authors: Zumbach Jelena , Kolbe Florian , Lübbehüsen Bärbel , Koglin Ute
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, Häufigkeiten psychischer Auffälligkeiten und Verteilungen nach zugrunde liegenden familienrechtlichen Fragestellungen bei familienpsychologisch begutachteten Kindern und Jugendlichen an einer umfassenden Stichprobe zu ermitteln. Methode: Grundlage für die Erhebung sind 298 psychologische Sachverständigengutachten, die im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2012 an einem Bremer Gutachteninstitut erstellt wurden. Dies ergibt eine Gesamtstichprobe von N = 496 Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Datenerhebung und -auswertung erfolgt nach der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Ergebnisse: Bei insgesamt 39.5 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen liegt mindestens eine psychische Auffälligkeit (in Anlehnung an die ICD-10, Kapitel F) vor. Die Komorbiditätsrate liegt insgesamt bei 38.7 %. Psychische Auffälligkeiten im Bereich Entwicklungsstörungen werden bei 12.3 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen berichtet, 22.8 % zeigen Auffälligkeiten im Bereich der Verhaltens- und emotionalen Störungen. Bei 11.5 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen wird von Gewalterfahrungen gegen die eigene Person berichtet. Die Verteilung spezifischer psychischer Auffälligkeiten nach den zugrunde liegenden familienrechtlichen Fragestellungen wird dargestellt. Schlussfolgerungen: Anhand der Ergebnisse konnte in einem explorativen Ansatz ein erster empirischer Überblick über psychische Auffälligkeiten bei den begutachteten Kindern und Jugendlichen an einer umfassenden Stichprobe geliefert werden. Es wird eine hohe Forschungsnotwendigkeit durch weitere Studien deutlich, welche die Verteilung psychischer Störungen und Zusammenhänge mit zugrunde liegenden familienrechtlichen Fragestellungen weiterführend untersuchen.
Kindheit und Entwicklung – 25 Jahre
Authors: Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike , Schmidt Martin H. , Stephani Ulrich
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Im Jahre 1992 wurde die Zeitschrift „Kindheit und Entwicklung“ gegründet und hat sich inzwischen zum führenden Publikationsorgan der Klinischen Kinderpsychologie in den deutschsprachigen Ländern etabliert. Themen der Pädiatrischen Psychologie, Kinderpsychiatrie, Kinder- und Jugendhilfe wurden genauso publiziert wie Beiträge zur Kinderpsychotherapie, Angewandten Entwicklungsdiagnostik und Entwicklungspsychopathologie. Knapp 100 Themenschwerpunkte wurden in diesem Zeitraum bearbeitet.
Psychische Kindergesundheit
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Klasen Fionna , Petermann Franz
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Psychische Störungen gehören heute zu den häufigsten Krankheitsbildern im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Befragung zum seelischen Wohlbefinden und Verhalten (BELLA-Kohortenstudie) wurde als Modul zur psychischen Gesundheit des repräsentativen Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland (KiGGS) konzipiert. Ziel dieser längsschnittlich angelegten Kohortenstudie ist es, Erkenntnisse zur psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland zu gewinnen. In diesem Beitrag werden das Studiendesign sowie die Erhebungsverfahren kurz berichtet und Implikationen für die klinische Praxis ausgeführt.
Langzeitfolgen externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten
Authors: Haller Anne-Catherine , Klasen Fionna , Petermann Franz , Barkmann Claus , Otto Christiane , Schlack Robert , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Externalisierende Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gehen häufig mit späteren Risikoverhaltensweisen wie Substanzkonsum, Delinquenz und Gewaltbereitschaft sowie finanziellen Problemen einher. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten einer bundesweiten, populationsbasierten Stichprobe von 12- bis 17-jährigen Kindern und Jugendlichen (N = 629) wird der Zusammenhang zwischen externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (n = 116) und möglichen Langzeitfolgen beschrieben. 27.6 % der Teilnehmenden mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten wiesen sechs Jahre später riskanten Alkoholkonsum auf, 13.8 % konsumierten illegale Drogen, 19 % zeigten Delinquenz und 41.4 % Gewaltbereitbereitschaft, während 29.3 % von finanziellen Problemen berichteten. Insbesondere Jungen mit externalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten aus Familien mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status standen unter Risiko für späteren riskanten Alkoholkonsum, Delinquenz und Gewaltbereitschaft. Externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in Kindheit und Jugend standen unabhängig von Geschlecht, Alter und sozioökonomischem Status in Zusammenhang mit illegalem Drogenkonsum im Erwachsenenalter. Von finanziellen Problemen im Erwachsenenalter waren die älteren Jugendlichen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischem Status betroffen. Bis zu 16.5 % der untersuchten Risikoverhaltensweisen waren dem Vorkommen externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten geschuldet.
Outstanding Student Paper Awards
Authors:   AGU
Published: February 2016

Winners of the 2015 Outstanding Student Paper Awards announced
Characterization of a novel large deletion caused by double-stranded breaks in 6-bp microhomologous sequences of intron 11 and 12 of the F13A1 gene
Authors: Thomas Anne , Ivaškevičius Vytautas , Zawadzki Christophe , Goudemand Jenny , Biswas Arijit , Oldenburg Johannes
Published: February 2016

Coagulation Factor XIII is a heterotetrameric protransglutaminase which stabilizes preformed fibrin clots by covalent crosslinking them. Inherited homozygous or compound heterozygous deficiency of coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) is a rare severe bleeding disorder affecting 1 in 2 million individuals. Most of the patients with inherited FXIII deficiency described in the literature carry F13A1 gene point mutations (missense, nonsense and splice site defects), whereas large deletions (>0.5 kb in size) are underrepresented. In this article we report for the first time the complete characterization of a novel homozygous F13A1 large deletion covering the entire exon 12 in a young patient with a severe FXIII-deficient phenotype from France. Using primer walking on genomic DNA we have identified the deletion breakpoints in the region between g.6.143,016–g.6.148,901 caused by small 6-bp microhomologies at the 5´ and 3´ breakpoints. Parents of the patient were heterozygous carriers. Identification of this large deletion offers the possibility of prenatal diagnosis for the mother in this family who is heterozygous for this deletion.
Hexadecapolar colloids
Authors: Senyuk Bohdan , Puls Owen , Tovkach Oleh M. , Chernyshuk Stanislav B. , Smalyukh Ivan I.
Published: February 2016

Outermost occupied electron shells of chemical elements can have symmetries resembling that of monopoles, dipoles, quadrupoles and octupoles corresponding to filled s-, p-, d- and f-orbitals. Theoretically, elements with hexadecapolar outer shells could also exist, but none of the known elements have filled g-orbitals. On the other hand, the research paradigm of ‘colloidal atoms’ displays complexity of particle behaviour exceeding that of atomic counterparts, which is driven by DNA functionalization, geometric shape and topology and weak external stimuli. Here we describe elastic hexadecapoles formed by polymer microspheres dispersed in a liquid crystal, a nematic fluid of orientationally ordered molecular rods. Because of conically degenerate boundary conditions, the solid microspheres locally perturb the alignment of the nematic host, inducing hexadecapolar distortions that drive anisotropic colloidal interactions. We uncover physical underpinnings of formation of colloidal elastic hexadecapoles and describe the ensuing bonding inaccessible to elastic dipoles, quadrupoles and other nematic colloids studied previously.
Structural complexity of simple Fe2O3 at high pressures and temperatures
Authors: Bykova E. , Dubrovinsky L. , Dubrovinskaia N. , Bykov M. , McCammon C. , Ovsyannikov S. V. , Liermann H. -P. , Kupenko I. , Chumakov A. I. , Rüffer R. , Hanfland M. , Prakapenka V.
Published: February 2016

Although chemically very simple, Fe2O3 is known to undergo a series of enigmatic structural, electronic and magnetic transformations at high pressures and high temperatures. So far, these transformations have neither been correctly described nor understood because of the lack of structural data. Here we report a systematic investigation of the behaviour of Fe2O3 at pressures over 100 GPa and temperatures above 2,500 K employing single crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy. Crystal chemical analysis of structures presented here and known Fe(II, III) oxides shows their fundamental relationships and that they can be described by the homologous series nFeO·mFe2O3. Decomposition of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 observed at pressures above 60 GPa and temperatures of 2,000 K leads to crystallization of unusual Fe5O7 and Fe25O32 phases with release of oxygen. Our findings suggest that mixed-valence iron oxides may play a significant role in oxygen cycling between earth reservoirs.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Zuo Shang , Li Yue , Jia Xin , Jia Sen Hao , Zhang Tao , Xiang Song Yu , Qi Wei Ying , Xiong Jiang , Hua Hu Yong , Guo Wei
Published: February 2016

The associations between hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remain controversial, with only few studies focused on these associations within the Chinese population. We performed subgroup and interaction analyses in a Chinese Han population to investigate these associations. In all, 155 AAA patients and 310 control subjects were evaluated for serum total homocysteine levels and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the aforementioned associations. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to age, sex, smoking status, drinking status and chronic disease histories. The multiple logistic analyses showed a significant association between HHcy and AAA but no significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and AAA. The interaction analysis showed that age and peripheral arterial disease played an interactive role in the association between HHcy and AAA, while drinking status played an interactive role in the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and AAA. In conclusion, HHcy is an independent risk factor of AAA in a Chinese Han population, especially in the elderly and peripheral arterial disease subgroups. Longitudinal studies and clinical trials aimed to reduce homocysteine levels are warranted to assess the causal nature of these relationships
Detecting and modelling delayed density-dependence in abundance time series of a small mammal (Didelphis aurita)
Authors: Brigatti E. , Vieira M. V. , Kajin M. , Almeida P. J. A. L. , de Menezes M. A. , Cerqueira R.
Published: February 2016

We study the population size time series of a Neotropical small mammal with the intent of detecting and modelling population regulation processes generated by density-dependent factors and their possible delayed effects. The application of analysis tools based on principles of statistical generality are nowadays a common practice for describing these phenomena, but, in general, they are more capable of generating clear diagnosis rather than granting valuable modelling. For this reason, in our approach, we detect the principal temporal structures on the bases of different correlation measures and from these results we build an ad-hoc minimalist autoregressive model that incorporates the main drivers of the dynamics. Surprisingly our model is capable of reproducing very well the time patterns of the empirical series and, for the first time, clearly outlines the importance of the time of attaining sexual maturity as a central temporal scale for the dynamics of this species. In fact, an important advantage of this analysis scheme is that all the model parameters are directly biologically interpretable and potentially measurable, allowing a consistency check between model outputs and independent measurements.
Static and Dynamic Magnetization of Gradient FeNi Alloy Nanowire
Authors: Yang Haozhe , Li Yi , Zeng Min , Cao Wei , Bailey William E. , Yu Ronghai
Published: February 2016

FeNi binary nanowires with gradient composition are fabricated by the electrodeposition method. The energy dispersive spec-trometer line-sweep results show that the composition changes gradually along the wire axis. The gradient FeNi nanowires exhibit polycrystalline and crystal twinning at different areas along the nanowire axis, with a textured face-centered cubic structure. The static and dynamic magnetization properties are characterized by a hysteresis loop and ferromagnetic reso-nance with pumping frequencies from 12– 40 GHz. The linear dispersion of the pumping frequency vs: the resonance field has been observed with the applied bias field higher than the saturation field, corresponding to the hysteresis loop. The field-sweep linewidths decrease with increasing pumping frequency and the frequency-sweep linewidths stay nearly constant at the unsaturated region. The linewidth is a Gilbert type at the saturated state, with damping of 0.035 ± 0.003. Compared with the damping of the homogeneous composition FeNi nanowire (a = 0.044 ± 0.005), the gradient FeNi nanowire may have less eddy current damping, which could make it an alternative candidate for spintronics and microstrip antennas.
Self-induced synthesis of phase-junction TiO2 with a tailored rutile to anatase ratio below phase transition temperature
Authors: Wang Wei-Kang , Chen Jie-Jie , Zhang Xing , Huang Yu-Xi , Li Wen-Wei , Yu Han-Qing
Published: February 2016

The surface phase junction of nanocrystalline TiO2 plays an essential role in governing its photocatalytic activity. Thus, facile and simple methods for preparing phase-junction TiO2 photocatalysts are highly desired. In this work, we show that phase-junction TiO2 is directly synthesized from Ti foil by using a simple calcination method with hydrothermal solution as the precursor below the phase transition temperature. Moreover, the ratio of rutile to anatase in the TiO2 samples could be readily tuned by changing the ratio of weight of Ti foil to HCl, which is used as the hydrothermal precursor, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. In the photocatalytic reaction by the TiO2 nanocomposite, a synergistic effect between the two phases within a certain range of the ratio is clearly observed. The results suggest that an appropriate ratio of anatase to rutile in the TiO2 nanocomposite can create more efficient solid-solid interfaces upon calcination, thereby facilitating interparticle charge transfer in the photocatalysis.
Synergistic infection of two viruses MCMV and SCMV increases the accumulations of both MCMV and MCMV-derived siRNAs in maize
Authors: Xia Zihao , Zhao Zhenxing , Chen Ling , Li Mingjun , Zhou Tao , Deng Congliang , Zhou Qi , Fan Zaifeng
Published: February 2016

The co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) can cause maize lethal necrosis. However, the mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between these two viruses remains elusive. In this study, we found that the co-infection of MCMV and SCMV increased the accumulation of MCMV. Moreover, the profiles of virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) from MCMV and SCMV in single- and co-infected maize plants were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Our data showed that synergistic infection of MCMV and SCMV increased remarkably the accumulation of vsiRNAs from MCMV, which were mainly 22 and 21 nucleotides in length. The single-nucleotide resolution maps of vsiRNAs revealed that vsiRNAs were almost continuously but heterogeneously distributed throughout MCMV and SCMV genomic RNAs, respectively. Moreover, we predicted and annotated dozens of host transcript genes targeted by vsiRNAs. Our results also showed that maize DCLs and several AGOs RNAs were differentially accumulated in maize plants with different treatments (mock, single or double inoculations), which were associated with the accumulation of vsiRNAs. Our findings suggested possible roles of vsiRNAs in the synergistic interaction of MCMV and SCMV in maize plants.
Ultra-high-throughput Production of III-V/Si Wafer for Electronic and Photonic Applications
Authors: Geum Dae-Myeong , Park Min-Su , Lim Ju Young , Yang Hyun-Duk , Song Jin Dong , Kim Chang Zoo , Yoon Euijoon , Kim SangHyeon , Choi Won Jun
Published: February 2016

Si-based integrated circuits have been intensively developed over the past several decades through ultimate device scaling. However, the Si technology has reached the physical limitations of the scaling. These limitations have fuelled the search for alternative active materials (for transistors) and the introduction of optical interconnects (called “Si photonics”). A series of attempts to circumvent the Si technology limits are based on the use of III-V compound semiconductor due to their superior benefits, such as high electron mobility and direct bandgap. To use their physical properties on a Si platform, the formation of high-quality III-V films on the Si (III-V/Si) is the basic technology ; however, implementing this technology using a high-throughput process is not easy. Here, we report new concepts for an ultra-high-throughput heterogeneous integration of high-quality III-V films on the Si using the wafer bonding and epitaxial lift off (ELO) technique. We describe the ultra-fast ELO and also the re-use of the III-V donor wafer after III-V/Si formation. These approaches provide an ultra-high-throughput fabrication of III-V/Si substrates with a high-quality film, which leads to a dramatic cost reduction. As proof-of-concept devices, this paper demonstrates GaAs-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), solar cells, and hetero-junction phototransistors on Si substrates.