bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of root development and nutrient uptake of two chinese cultivars of hybrid rice to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Yang Guotao , Nabi Farhan , Sajid Sumbal , Kaleri Abdul Rasheed , Jakhar Ali Murad , Cheng Liang , Raspor Martin , Muhammad Noor , Ma Jun , Hu Yungao
Published: October 2021

Background

Chemical fertilization helped modern agriculture in grain yield improvement to ensure food security. The response of chemical fertilization for higher hybrid rice production is highly dependent on optimal fertilization management in paddy fields. To assess such responses, in the current work we examine the yield, root growth, and expression of related genes responsible for stress metabolism of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in two hybrid-rice cultivars Deyou4727 (D47) and Yixiangyou2115 (Y21).

Methods and results

The experiment followed four nitrogen (N) (N0, N60, N120, and N180 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) (P0, P60, P90, and P120 kg/ha) fertilizer levels. The grain yield in D47 was more sensitive to nitrogen application, while Y21 was more sensitive to phosphorus application, which resulted in comparatively higher biomass and yield. Our findings were corroborated by gene expression studies of glutamine synthetase OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 and phosphate starvation-related genes PHR1 and SPX, confirming sensitivity to N and P application. The number of roots was less sensitive to nitrogen application in D47 between N0 and N60, but the overall nutrient response difference was significantly higher due to the deep rooting system as compared to Y21.

Conclusions

The higher yield, high N and P use efficiency, and versatile root growth of D47 make it suitable to reduce unproductive usage of N and P from paddy fields, improving hybrid rice productivity, and environmental safety in the Sichuan basin area of China.
Rationality in games and institutions
Authors: van Basshuysen Philippe
Published: October 2021

Against the orthodox view of the Nash equilibrium as “the embodiment of the idea that economic agents are rational” (Aumann, 1985, p 43), some theorists have proposed ‘non-classical’ concepts of rationality in games, arguing that rational agents should be capable of improving upon inefficient equilibrium outcomes. This paper considers some implications of these proposals for economic theory, by focusing on institutional design. I argue that revisionist concepts of rationality conflict with the constraint that institutions should be designed to be incentive-compatible, that is, that they should implement social goals in equilibrium. To resolve this conflict, proponents of revisionist concepts face a choice between three options: (1) reject incentive compatibility as a general constraint, (2) deny that individuals interacting through the designed institutions are rational, or (3) accept that their concepts do not cover institutional design. I critically discuss these options and I argue that a more inclusive concept of rationality, e.g. the one provided by Robert Sugden’s version of team reasoning, holds the most promise for the non-classical project, yielding a novel argument for incentive compatibility as a general constraint.
Japanese subgroup analysis of the phase 3 MONARCH 3 study of abemaciclib as initial therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer
Authors: Takahashi Masato , Tokunaga Eriko , Mori Joji , Tanizawa Yoshinori , van der Walt Jan-Stefan , Kawaguchi Tsutomu , Goetz Matthew P. , Toi Masakazu
Published: October 2021

Background

This was a Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 3, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs) for initial therapy for advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Methods

Eligibility included postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative ABC who had no prior systemic therapy in the advanced disease setting. Patients (N = 493) were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib or placebo (150 mg) plus either 1 mg anastrozole or 2.5 mg letrozole (physician’s choice). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

In Japan, 53 patients were randomized (abemaciclib, n = 38; placebo, n = 15). At final PFS analysis (November 3, 2017), median PFS was 29.1 and 14.9 months in the abemaciclib and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio 0.537; 95% confidence interval 0.224–1.289). ORR in measurable disease was 62.1 and 50.0% in the abemaciclib and placebo groups, respectively. The Japanese PK profile was comparable to that of the overall population. Consistent with prior studies, the most frequent adverse events reported were diarrhea (abemaciclib: any grade, 94.7%; grade ≥ 3, 10.5%; placebo: any grade, 46.7%; grade ≥ 3, 0%) and neutropenia (abemaciclib: any grade, 68.4%; grade ≥ 3, 21.1%; placebo: any grade, 0%). HRQoL outcomes were generally similar between treatments except for the diarrhea score, which favored placebo.

Conclusions

Consistent with findings in the overall population, abemaciclib plus NSAI was an effective initial treatment in the Japanese subpopulation, with a manageable safety profile.

Clinical trial registration

NCT02246621; U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02246621.
Comparison of short-time functional outcomes after TKA between Multigen Plus CR and Physica KR prostheses
Authors: Lisý P. , Čabala J. , Hrubina M. , Melišík M. , Nečas L.
Published: October 2021

Background

Aim of this study was to compare functional results within 36 months following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a conventional prosthesis Multigen Plus CR and a new Physica KR implant. Our hypothesis was that the use of the Kinematics-Retaining design of an TKA implant leads to a significantly greater improvement in the active range of motion and better functional results (KSS 1, KSS 2 and WOMAC score) than the conventional CR implant at short-term follow-up.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analysed data of 234 patients who underwent primary TKA at our hospital from April 2010 to August 2015 with the CR type of implant and from July 2014 to August 2015 with the KR implant due to advanced knee arthrosis of IIIrd and IVth grade of Kellgren-Lawrence classification, with no major ligamentous instability. Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, Knee Society Scores 1 (KSS 1) and 2 (KSS 2) and flexion (AROM) were recorded preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 36 months after surgery.

Results

Our study showed a statistically significant difference in functional results at three years with better KSS 1 score, a tendency to higher values in the KSS 2 score, as well as a statistically significant overall improvement in AROM in favour of the new KR design over the conventional CR implant with a post-hoc power analysis of 83.8%. We found that there was no statistically significant difference between groups when comparing WOMAC score and complications at short-term follow-up.

Conclusions

Our study provided more favourable clinical results for using Kinematics-Retaining implant in primary TKA. Further studies should focus on radiological and functional outcomes from mid- to long-term follow-up.
Bias and potential misinterpretations in the analysis of insects collected from human remains of archaeological interest
Authors: Vanin Stefano , Azzoni Morgan , Giordani Giorgia , Belcastro Maria Giovanna
Published: October 2021

Insects collected from human remains are an important source of information about the peri- and postmortem events and they are the object of attention of two disciplines. Forensic entomology deals with insects collected from remains of forensic interest and funerary archaeoentomology with insects from archaeological contexts. In the collections of human remains (mummies, bones, etc.) belonging to museums or other institutions, insects can be found and can be used to make some interpretation about the past. This is possible only if the specialist is able to distinguish between the insects associated with the living subject or with the body decomposition and the pests colonizing the body stored in the collection. This paper, starting from the analysis of 42 human individuals belonging to three Italian osteological collections (Bologna, Parma, and Cagli), provides a working scheme to distinguish between “old” and museophagous insects in order to reduce the misinterpretations of the entomofauna associated with human remains.
Monitoring and Acceptance: Key Dimensions in Establishing Mindfulness
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu
Published: October 2021

Monitoring and acceptance have been identified as key dimensions in mindfulness-based programs, with acceptance in particular being central to their beneficial potential. From an early Buddhist perspective, the notion of such acceptance could be enhanced by adding the qualification “wise.” In other words, it is a wise form of acceptance that is indeed a key dimension of the type of cultivation of mindfulness which can be expected to lead to a diminishing of suffering and distress.
The Frequency of Convergent Games under Best-Response Dynamics
Authors: Wiese Samuel C. , Heinrich Torsten
Published: October 2021

We calculate the frequency of games with a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium in the ensemble ofn-player,m-strategy normal-form games. To obtain the ensemble, we generate payoff matrices at random. Games with a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium converge to the Nash equilibrium. We then consider a wider class of games that converge under a best-response dynamic, in which each player chooses their optimal pure strategy successively. We show that the frequency of convergent games with a given number of pure Nash equilibria goes to zero as the number of players or the number of strategies goes to infinity. In the 2-player case, we show that for large games with at least 10 strategies, convergent games with multiple pure strategy Nash equilibria are more likely than games with a unique Nash equilibrium. Our novel approach uses ann-partite graph to describe games.
Assessing Knowledge of Pharmacokinetics in an Integrated Medical Curriculum
Authors: Pandit Rahul , Gerrits Mirjam A. F. M. , Custers Eugène J. F. M.
Published: October 2021

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that describes how the body processes drugs. As most physicians will prescribe drugs during their career, knowledge of pharmacokinetics is indispensable for medical students. Students, however, experience pharmacokinetics as difficult, probably due to its abstract and mathematical nature. In many medical curricula, pharmacokinetic topics are taught and examined as a part of integrated medical courses. As pharmacokinetics is a relatively small subject, unit examinations contain only few questions on the topic. The combination of a difficult subject and a few questions has raised concerns that students could perform poorly in pharmacokinetics and still pass the examinations and, hence, end up with insufficient knowledge of pharmacokinetics. In this study, we investigate this issue by contrasting students’ performance on pharmacokinetics questions with their performance on the rest of the examinations (all non-pharmacokinetics questions lumped together). The results expressed as pass-fail scores showed that students failed more often on the pharmacokinetics part of the test than on the other questions, in two consecutive academic years. Despite the suboptimal knowledge in pharmacokinetics, students can still acquire their bachelor’s degree. These results show that poor knowledge in pharmacokinetics could be a side effect of curricular integration. Attention should therefore be paid to provide insight into one’s own performance in individual disciplines. This would avoid knowledge deficiency and incompetence in the future.
Linear stability analysis of the homogeneous Couette flow in a 2D isentropic compressible fluid
Authors: Antonelli Paolo , Dolce Michele , Marcati Pierangelo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study the linear stability properties of perturbations around the homogeneous Couette flow for a 2D isentropic compressible fluid in the domain$$\mathbb {T}\times \mathbb {R}$$T×R. In the inviscid case there is a generic Lyapunov type instability for the density and the irrotational component of the velocity field. More precisely, we prove that their$$L^2$$L2norm grows as$$t^{1/2}$$t1/2and this confirms previous observations in the physics literature. On the contrary, the solenoidal component of the velocity field experiences inviscid damping, namely it decays to zero even in the absence of viscosity. For a viscous compressible fluid, we show that the perturbations may have a transient growth of order$$\nu ^{-1/6}$$ν-1/6(with$$\nu ^{-1}$$ν-1being proportional to the Reynolds number) on a time-scale$$\nu ^{-1/3}$$ν-1/3, after which it decays exponentially fast. This phenomenon is also called enhanced dissipation and our result appears to be the first to detect this mechanism for a compressible flow, where an exponential decay for the density is not a priori trivial given the absence of dissipation in the continuity equation.
Damped outrigger semi-active control for seismic vibration mitigation
Authors: Kavyashree B. G. , Patil Shantharam , Rao Vidya S.
Published: October 2021

In earlier days, the only way to resist the lateral loads was to increase the lateral strength of the structure obtained by making larger cross sections and massive buildings. Structural control is one of the solutions and important topics in both points of view of security and comfort in recent years. To reduce the effect of seismic energy, one of the structural forms used is the outrigger. In recent years, supplementary devices are installed into the outrigger structure so that damping of the structure increases and helps in mitigating the vibration, this concept is called damped outrigger. In this study, a damped outrigger structure replicating St. Francis Shangri-La Place skyscraper is excited for the El-Centro earthquake, and the Kobe earthquake is numerically modeled with viscous dampers and Magneto-Rheological damper to compare its effectiveness. The finite element approach is used for the analysis of the structure using Bernoulli’s Euler beam theory in modeling the core of the structure as a beam element. The state-space approach is used in modeling the structure, dampers, and controller interface in MATLAB and Simulink, then results are obtained for the peak value of displacement, acceleration, and mean values of the response of the structure. The results are discussed, which shows the significant distinction between uncontrolled and controlled responses.
"China" as an Analytical Concept: A New Beginning for Chinese Political Science
Authors: Wang Xiangmin
Published: October 2021

The emergence in recent years of a large number of institutional concepts in the world of Chinese political science indicates that Chinese political science is experiencing an "internal shift" that is different from the complete Westernization of the past. Chinese political scientists are seeking theoretical explanations for China's political development based on China's internal context and are looking to provide intellectual arguments for China's modern state building. In this paper, it is proposed that the core of this internal shift of Chinese political science is the consciousness of "China" as an analytical concept, and that China is not only an object of description, but also an analytical perspective for explaining "what is China". Such a view is different from that held by the European and American left and pure traditional researchers or reactionists. On the one hand, this paradigm provides more universal political knowledge in the sense of comparative political science; on the other hand, it can advance Chinese political research by drawing a clearer and more accurate knowledge map of Chinese politics. The emergence of institutional concepts in Chinese political science implies that Chinese political science as a discipline is increasingly moving from the "form" of discipline establishment to the "content" of "what is China". This signifies a real new beginning.
Correction to: The Effect of Rating Scale Length on the Occurrence of Inappropriate Category Use for the Assessment of Job Satisfaction: an Experimental Online Study
Authors: Kutscher Tanja , Eid Michael
Published: October 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s41543-021-00041-9
A Wavelet Evaluation of Some Leading Business Cycle Indicators for the German Economy
Authors: Krüger Jens J.
Published: October 2021

Leading indicators are important variables in business cycle forecasting. We use wavelet analysis to investigate the lead-lag stability of German leading indicators in time-frequency space. This method permits a time-varying relation of the leading indicators to the reference cycle allowing simultaneously to focus on lead-lag stability at the specific business cycle frequencies. In this way we analyze an index of new orders, a survey-based index of business expectations, an index of stock market returns and the interest rate term spread. We confirm that most of these indicators are indeed leading the reference cycle most of the time, but the number of months leading varies considerably over time and is associated with a great deal of estimation uncertainty.
Religion and the internet: digital religion, (hyper)mediated spaces, and materiality
Authors: Evolvi Giulia
Published: October 2021

This article offers theoretical reflections on the study of religion and the Internet by critically discussing the notion of “digital religion” (Campbell 2012). In particular, it stresses the importance of integrating material and spatial approaches to the study of digital religion. In doing so, it proposes the theory of “hypermediated religious spaces” to describe processes of religious mediation between online and offline environments by taking into account materiality and space. The article discusses theoretical perspectives by means of case studies: first, the importance of materiality within Internet practices is illustrated through the example of Neo-Pagan online rituals; second, the notion of space, and “third space” in particular, in relation to Internet practices is analyzed through the case of the hashtag #Nous-Sommes-Unis, circulated by French Muslims; third, the theory of hypermediated spaces is exemplified by the analysis of a live-streamed mass in the Italian city of Manerbio during the Covid-19 lockdown. The article aims at kindling scholarly reflections on terminologies and theories for the global and interdisciplinary study of digital religion.
Culture and Leadership: a Lewinian Perspective of Organizational Problem Solving
Authors: Freiherr von Fircks Enno
Published: October 2021

Leadership is inherently social. Being grounded in the Lewinian framework of field theory, I am instancing the diverse understanding of social leadership: Uncertainty reduction, making choices, assuming responsibility, and contributing to an orchestral interplay between followers are important functions of social leadership. But this is not sufficient. Organizations are built by concrete agents with concrete needs and overreaching goals. These needs and goals structure the environment (personal culture) of various employees including the leader. Drawing on an empirical case from a bakery as well as on Lewinian cases from the past, I am showing how group atmosphere alone is not able to cover the full range of the follower’s reactions: Here, we need to rely on basic concepts of culture: Employees live and work in their related life spaces. Complexity arises in organizations if the goal pursuit between followers themselves is contradictory, thus if their life spaces are a barrier for each other. The leader needs to realize here that this is not a disadvantage; his role is neither to solve these contradictions nor to present a potential solution. The leader needs to emphasize the interdependence of his followers; s/he can do so by letting them experience the issues and difficulties of the social other encountered in their respective life spaces. Here, followers are getting a glimpse into the life space (personal culture) of a colleague. Such border experiences play a key role for the following democratic exchange of how two previously contradictory life spaces are turned into conciliatory ones.
International Mixed Reality Immersive Experience: Approach via Surgical Grand Rounds
Authors: Mahajan Arushi P , Inniss Donovan A , Benedict Michelle D , Dennis Alexander A , Kantor Taylor , Salavitabar Arash , Stegink Candice , Nelson Jeremy , Kinross James , Cohen Mark S
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus disease 2019 created unintended but significant experiential barriers for surgical learners to interact at the bedside for teaching/case presentations. We hypothesized that an international grand rounds using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 extended reality (XR) headset would create an improved bedside-learning experience compared to traditional grand rounds formats.

STUDY DESIGN:

From December 2020 to March 2021, the world’s first 2 international mixed reality grand rounds events using the HoloLens 2 headset were held, broadcasting transatlantically (between the University of Michigan and the Imperial College of London) bedside rounding experiences on 5 complex surgical patients to an international audience of 325 faculty, residents, and medical trainees. Participants completed pre- and post-event surveys to assess their experience.

RESULTS:

Of the 325 participants, 267 (80%) completed pre-surveys, and 95 (29%) completed both the pre- and post-surveys. Respondents (average age, 38 y; 44% women, 56% men; 211 US, 56 UK) included 92 (34%) medical students and residents and 175 faculty and staff. In the pre-event survey, 76% had little or no earlier experience with XR devices, and 94% thought implementation of XR into medical curricula was valuable. In the post-survey, 96% thought telerounding using XR technology was important for the current era, and 99% thought the ability to visualize the examination, imaging, and laboratory results at bedside via XR rounding was highly valuable and that this format was superior to traditional grand rounds.

CONCLUSIONS:

Almost all of the participants in the mixed reality international grand rounds felt the immersive XR experiences—allowing visualization of clinical findings, imaging, and laboratory results at the patient’s bedside—were superior to a traditional grand rounds format, and that it could be a valuable tool for surgical teaching and telerounding.
Case Studies: Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Muntner Nancy
Published: October 2021

Designed with the distinctive, user-friendly presentation Dr Stahl's audience know and love, this new stream of Stahl books capitalize on Dr Stahl's greatest strength - the ability to address complex issues in an understandable way and with direct relevance to the everyday experience of clinicians. The book describes a wide-ranging and representative selection of clinical scenarios, making use of icons, questions/answers and tips. It follows these cases through the complete clinical encounter, from start to resolution, acknowledging all the complications, issues, decisions, twists and turns along the way. The book is about living through the treatments that work, the treatments that fail, and the mistakes made along the journey. This is psychiatry in real life – these are the patients from your waiting room – this book will reassure, inform and guide better clinical decision making.
Case Studies: Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Schwartz Thomas L.
Published: October 2021

Following the success of the first collection of Stahl's Case Studies, published in 2011, we are pleased to present this completely new selection of clinical stories. Designed with the distinctive user-friendly presentation readers have become accustomed to and making use of icons, questions/answers and tips, these cases address complex issues in an understandable way and with direct relevance to the everyday experience of clinicians. Covering a wide-ranging and representative selection of clinical scenarios, each case is followed through the complete clinical encounter, from start to resolution, acknowledging all the complications, issues, decisions, twists and turns along the way. The book is about living through the treatments that work, the treatments that fail, and the mistakes made along the journey. This is psychiatry in real life - these are the patients from your waiting room - this book will reassure, inform and guide better clinical decision making. Optional posttests with CME credit are available for a fee (waived for NEI members). For more information, contact the Neuroscience Education Institute.
Stahl's Illustrated Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Morrissette Debbi Ann , Muntner Nancy
Published: October 2021

The term 'dementia' describes a collection of symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, language and communication issues, and behavioral symptoms. There are numerous causes of dementia and, worldwide, over 35 million individuals have some form of dementia. This book describes the most common causes of dementia, reviews best practices for differentially diagnosing dementia, as well as management strategies to help improve quality of life for both patients and carers. Stahl's Illustrated Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias is a concise guide, with all concepts illustrated by full-color figures and tables, that will be familiar to readers of Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology and The Prescriber's Guide. The visual learner will find that this book makes psychopharmacological concepts easier to master, and the non-visual learner will enjoy this book's short explanations of complex psychopharmacological concepts. Each chapter builds upon previous ones, synthesising information about basic biology, diagnostics, treatment plans, complications, and comorbidities.
Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology
Authors: Stahl Stephen M.
Published: October 2021

Long established as the preeminent source in its field, the eagerly anticipated fifth edition of Dr Stahl's essential textbook of psychopharmacology is here! With its use of icons and figures that form Dr Stahl's unique 'visual language', the book is the single most readable source of information on disease and drug mechanisms for all students and mental health professionals seeking to understand and utilize current therapeutics, and to anticipate the future for novel medications. Every aspect of the book has been updated, with the clarity of explanation that only Dr Stahl can bring. The new edition includes over 500 new or refreshed figures, an intuitive color scheme, fourteen new uses for older drugs and eighteen brand new drugs, coverage of Parkinson's Disease Psychosis, behavioural symptoms of dementia, and mixed features in major depressive episodes, and expanded information on the medical uses of cannabis and hallucinogen assisted psychotherapy.
Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health: Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic
Authors: Evengård B. , Destouni G. , Kalantari Z. , Albihn A. , Björkman C. , Bylund H. , Jenkins E. , Koch A. , Kukarenko N. , Leibovici D. , Lemmityinen J. , Menshakova M. , Mulvad G. , Nilsson L.M. , Omazic A. , Pshenichnaya N. , Quegan S. , Rautio A. , Revich B. , Rydén P. , Sjöstedt A. , Tokarevich N. , Thierfelder T. , Orlov D.
Published: October 2021

Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF – a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
Condition openness is associated with better mental health in individuals with an intersex/differences of sex development condition: structural equation modeling of European multicenter data
Authors: van de Grift Tim C.
Published: October 2021

Background

Openness on one's health condition or (stigmatized) identity generally improves mental health. Intersex or differences of sex development (DSD) conditions have long been kept concealed and high levels of (internalizing) mental health problems are reported. This study examines the effects of condition openness on anxiety and depression and the role of mediating concepts in this population.

Methods

Cross-sectional data of individuals of 16 years and older with an intersex/DSD condition was collected in 14 specialized European clinics as part of the dsd-LIFE study. Patient-reported measures were taken on openness and shame (Coping with DSD), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), satisfaction with care (CSQ4), anxiety and depression (HADS). Scores were compared per clinical group and data were analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) to calculate prediction and mediation models.

Results

Data of 903 individuals were included in this study (Turner syndrome (n = 284), 46, XY DSD (n = 233), CAH (n = 206) and Klinefelter syndrome (n = 180)). Participants were moderately open on their condition. High levels of both anxiety and depression were observed across the sample. In SEM analysis, the tested models predicted 25% of openness, 31% of anxiety and 48% of depression. More condition openness directly predicted lower anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as indirectly through increased self-esteem, self-satisfaction and satisfaction with social support.

Conclusions

Condition openness is associated with lower anxiety and depression in individuals with an intersex/DSD condition. Healthcare may provide the necessary knowledge and skills to employ one's optimal level of self-disclosure in order to improve mental health.
Performance analysis of unpowered lower limb exoskeleton during sit down and stand up
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Zhao Guoru , Diao Yanan , Feng Yu , Li Guanglin
Published: October 2021

Conventional unpowered lower limb exoskeleton paid little attention to the metabolic cost of body during sit down (SD)/stand up (SU). The SD motion model and the motion characteristics of lower extremity are analyzed; then, a novel unpowered lower limb exoskeleton is proposed, and the contribution degree of muscles and stiffness of joints are used for determining the location and stiffness of energy storage element. The metabolic cost of relevant muscles in joints of the left leg is obtained based on Opensim software. The results show that metabolic cost of the gracilis, rectus femoris (RF), and long head of the biceps femoris decreased about 13%, 9%, and 68%, respectively. The total metabolic cost of body decreased about 14% during SD. However, the metabolic cost of the gracilis, RF, and long/short head of the biceps femoris increased about 22%, 33%, 208%, and 46%, respectively. And the metabolic cost of sartorius reduces about 39%, the total metabolic cost of body increased about 25.6% during SU, under the exoskeleton conditions. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of unpowered lower limb exoskeleton.
Adaptive control for networked uncertain cooperative dual-arm manipulators: an event-triggered approach
Authors: Abbas Mohamed , Dwivedy Santosha K.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an improved adaptive motion-force control approach is introduced to control the cooperative manipulators transporting a shared object under limited communication. The adaptive controller is designed based on the backstepping approach to control the motion of the handled object in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. Moreover, the force controller is established to maintain constant internal forces. An event-triggered (ET) mechanism is derived based on the Lyapunov analysis to deal with the bandwidth restrictions and maintain the system stability during the cooperative manipulation. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is investigated by comparing it with the existing variations of adaptive backstepping control (i.e., traditional and state augmented schemes). Moreover, the designed triggering mechanism is compared with different triggering conditions presented in the literature. The proposed control approach is further validated in a more realistic virtual robot experimentation platform (i.e., V-REP) using two SCORBOT-ER VPlus manipulators. From the TrueTime-based simulation runs, the proposed control scheme exhibits superior performance in tandem with efficient utilization of the network resources during the transportation task.
Child-directed and overheard input from different speakers in two distinct cultures
Authors: LOUKATOU Georgia , SCAFF Camila , DEMUTH Katherine , CRISTIA Alejandrina , HAVRON Naomi
Published: October 2021

Despite the fact that in most communities interaction occurs between the child and multiple speakers, most previous research on input to children focused on input from mothers. We annotated recordings of Sesotho-learning toddlers living in non-industrial Lesotho in South Africa, and French-learning toddlers living in urban regions in France. We examined who produced the input (mothers, other children, adults), how much input was child directed, and whether and how it varied across speakers. As expected, mothers contributed most of the input in the French recordings. However, in the Sesotho recordings, input from other children was more common than input from mothers or other adults. Child-directed speech from all speakers in both cultural groups showed similar qualitative modifications. Our findings suggest that input from other children is prevalent and has similar features as child-directed from adults described in previous work, inviting cross-cultural research into the effects of input from other children.
Meta-morphomic patterns in North Germanic
Authors: Enger Hans-Olav
Published: October 2021

The paper presents examples of meta-morphomes (a kind of morphomic patterns, involving syncretisms) in North Germanic. There has been some debate over the notion of such patterns, and the aim is therefore to present relatively clear cases. Five cases are presented, involving inflection in verbs, nouns and adjectives. The syncretisms are all ‘unnatural’; they do not make much sense for syntax, semantics or phonology. While patterns that are obvious to the linguist are not necessarily obvious to speakers, the paper presents diachronic evidence that these morphomic patterns have been noticed by speakers. At least some criticism against ‘morphomic’ analyses is based on implausible premises: An analysis in terms of features is not automatically preferable only by being possible; the idea of ‘taking morphology seriously’ is untenable; the claim that the morphomic approach is a mere enumeration of facts may involve a self-contradiction.
The Brazilian Caatinga protected areas: an extremely unbalanced conservation system
Authors: Teixeira Marília Gomes , Venticinque Eduardo Martins , Lion Marília Bruzzi , Pinto Míriam Plaza
Published: October 2021

The semiarid Caatinga is the largest Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest and Woodland (SDTFW) in the Neotropics. Yet the vast majority of the Caatinga is unprotected, with severe chronic anthropogenic use, exotic species and global warming among its most immediate threats. Here, we contrast the current Caatinga protected areas (PAs) scenery with that of other SDTFWs in the Neotropics. We also analyse the growth process of the PAs in the Caatinga over time across Brazilian PA categories and jurisdictions. The percentage of Caatinga that is protected is average among the SDTFWs. Caatinga has more state than federal PAs; however, the size of the PAs is greater under a federal jurisdiction. Nonetheless, in both jurisdictions, Environmental Protected Areas, one of the least restrictive categories, are more representative in terms of total area, corresponding to nearly 80% of the Caatinga PA system. Our results are relevant for international conservation goals because they depict the current PA scenery and clarify the challenges for achieving the actual preservation of the unique Caatinga biome.
A scoping review of environmental governance challenges in southern Africa from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Falayi Menelisi , Gambiza James , Schoon Michael
Published: October 2021

Throughout southern Africa, there have been growing concerns about the rates of ecosystem degradation. This issue and natural resource governance concerns in general remain key challenges. We conducted a scoping review of 135 articles to inductively assess how governance challenges have manifested in natural resource management during 2010–2020 in southern Africa. The paper’s findings show that governance challenges in southern Africa are ‘hydra-headed’. The results suggest that governance challenges related to the maintenance of system integrity and functioning – specifically lack of coordination, accountability, capacity, skills and resources to define effective natural resource management – were the most reported in literature. Challenges related to achieving socially equitable governance were the second most mentioned, followed by those related to institutional robustness. Challenges related to the adaptability and flexibility of institutions, specifically learning, monitoring capacity and innovation, were the least identified, showing that these areas are poorly studied or that these attributes are considered less problematic for achieving sustainable outcomes. Furthermore, the review highlights critical gaps – the limited engagement with governance-related frameworks, specifically polycentricity, adaptive governance and social-ecological stewardship. In concluding, we highlight governance reforms and future research needs on the topic of natural resources in southern Africa.
Animal Scavenging as Social Metaphor: A Carved Chlorite Vessel of the Halil Rud Civilization, Kerman, Iran, Mid Third Millenniumbc
Authors: Vidale Massimo , Eskandari Nasir , Shafiee Mojgan , Caldana Irene , Desset Francois
Published: October 2021

A fragmentary large chlorite vessel of the Halil Rud valley civilization (Kerman, Iran, mid third millenniumbc), found in unknown circumstances and recently recovered by the police forces of Iran, is discussed in the wider scenario of coeval animal iconographies of middle and southwest Asia. Beginning from the imagery carved in the two superimposed friezes of the reassembled fragments, we review the different theoretical approaches in interpretation of similar animal iconography. The figuration of the vessel is interpreted as a scene of the scavenging of bovine carcasses by three different animal actors: lions and birds of prey/vultures, but also hyenas—a subject previously unknown in the art of the reference regions. Following a review of the interrelations of these species in scavenging and with humans, particularly in the coeval context of domestic animal exploitation and developing urban settlement, we investigate the potential semantic implications of the iconography in terms of the symbolism and ideology in the social context.
On generalized algebraic theories and categories with families
Authors: Bezem Marc , Coquand Thierry , Dybjer Peter , Escardó Martín
Published: October 2021

We give a syntax independent formulation of finitely presented generalized algebraic theories as initial objects in categories of categories with families (cwfs) with extra structure. To this end, we simultaneously define the notion of a presentation Σ of a generalized algebraic theory and the associated category CwFΣ of small cwfs with a Σ-structure and cwf-morphisms that preserve Σ-structure on the nose. Our definition refers to the purely semantic notion of uniform family of contexts, types, and terms in CwFΣ. Furthermore, we show how to syntactically construct an initial cwf with a Σ-structure. This result can be viewed as a generalization of Birkhoff’s completeness theorem for equational logic. It is obtained by extending Castellan, Clairambault, and Dybjer’s construction of an initial cwf. We provide examples of generalized algebraic theories for monoids, categories, categories with families, and categories with families with extra structure for some type formers of Martin-Löf type theory. The models of these are internal monoids, internal categories, and internal categories with families (with extra structure) in a small category with families. Finally, we show how to extend our definition to some generalized algebraic theories that are not finitely presented, such as the theory of contextual cwfs.
Languages of higher-dimensional automata
Authors: Fahrenberg Uli , Johansen Christian , Struth Georg , Ziemiański Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

We introduce languages of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs) and develop some of their properties. To this end, we define a new category of precubical sets, uniquely naturally isomorphic to the standard one, and introduce a notion of event consistency. HDAs are then finite, labeled, event-consistent precubical sets with distinguished subsets of initial and accepting cells. Their languages are sets of interval orders closed under subsumption; as a major technical step, we expose a bijection between interval orders and a subclass of HDAs. We show that any finite subsumption-closed set of interval orders is the language of an HDA, that languages of HDAs are closed under binary unions and parallel composition, and that bisimilarity implies language equivalence.
Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: a status up-grade
Authors: Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: October 2021

Martin placed the lateral embryo, which occurs only in grasses, adjacent to the broad embryo at the base of his family tree of seed phylogeny. Since Poales and Poaceae are derived monocots, we questioned the evolutionary relationship between the lateral embryo and other kinds of monocot embryos. Information was compiled on embryo and seed characteristics for the various families of monocots, kind of embryogenesis for families in Poales and germination morphology of families with lateral (only Poaceae) and broad embryos. The kinds of monocot embryos are broad, capitate, lateral, linear fully developed, linear underdeveloped and undifferentiated, but only broad and lateral embryos are restricted to Poales. Asterad embryogenesis occurs in Poaceae with a lateral embryo and in Eriocaulaceae, Rapataceae and Xyridaceae with a broad embryo. In developing grass seeds, the growing scutellum (cotyledon) pushes the coleoptile, mesocotyl and coleorhiza to the side. In the organless broad embryo, the cotyledonary sector is larger than the epicotyledonary sector. During germination of grass seeds, the coleorhiza and then the coleoptile emerge, while in a seed with a broad embryo the elongating cotyledon pushes the epicotyledonary sector outside the seed, after which a root–shoot axis is differentiated at a right angle to the cotyledon inside the seed. Broad and lateral embryos are closely related; however, the lateral embryo is more advanced in seed/embryo traits and germination morphology than the other kinds of monocot embryos, suggesting that its position on the family tree of seed phylogeny should be higher than of the other monocot embryos.
Cultivating Chaos: Entropy, Information, and the Making of theDictionary of National Biography
Authors: Murray Cara
Published: October 2021

The Dictionary of National Biography, published between 1885 and 1900, was one of Britain's biggest cyclopedia projects. The rampant expansion of the nation's archives, private collections, and museums produced an abundance of materials that frustrated the dictionary's editors, Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, especially because methodologies for making order of such materials were underdeveloped. Adding to their frustration was the sense of impending doom felt generally in Britain after the discovery of the second law of thermodynamics in 1859. Entropy put an end to the presiding belief in the infinite energy that fueled Britain's economic development and therefore challenged Victorian biography's premise that the capacity for self-development was boundless. Like the physicists of the era, these dictionary makers searched for ways to circumvent entropy's deadening force and reenergize their world. This project would not actually be achieved, however, until the twentieth century when Claude Shannon published his “Information Theory” in 1948. I argue that in an attempt to get out from under the chaos of information overload, the editors of theDNBinvented new methods to organize information that anticipated Shannon's revolutionary theory and changed the way that we think, write, and work.
Music Physiology, Erotic Encounters, and Queer Reading Practices inTeleny
Authors: Draucker Shannon
Published: October 2021

While music often appears as a “code” for sexual desire in Victorian literature, this article explores music's presence in a text for which no veiled language was needed: the anonymously published pornographic novellaTeleny(1893). The authors ofTelenyinvoke emerging scientific discourses about music physiology to draw explicit parallels between musical and sexual encounters—as when the protagonist Camille orgasms in response to the vibrations of his lover's piano music. In such moments,Telenyoffers an insistent defense of queer desire as a natural process rooted in the organic and often involuntary actions of the muscles and nerves—a particularly powerful intervention at a time when sexual “inversion” was most often denigrated asunnatural. In its use of biological science in the service of sexual representation—science that many twenty-first-century queer theorists might deem “essentialist”—Telenypresents a compelling challenge to scholars grappling with conversations about normativity, resistance, utopian desires, and idealized cultural objects.
The consequences of claiming Social Security benefits at age 62
Authors: Armour Philip , Knapp David
Published: October 2021

Delaying claiming of Social Security old-age benefits past the earliest eligibility age, age 62, raises the monthly benefit for a person's life. Despite arguments from both proponents and opponents of delayed claiming in academia and public discourse, little is known about whether claiming decisions lead to substantively different outcomes. We compare differences in outcomes between age-62 claimants and otherwise similar later claimants that are matched on health, employment, and financial characteristics at age 60. We find that age-62 claimers are substantially less likely to work after 62 and have persistently lower income into their 70s. Differences in assets emerged in the 70s, with early claimants having lower wealth, but we find no differences in mortality or self-reported financial hardship. The difference in wealth is driven primarily by a growth in wealth among later claimants rather than substantial decumulation by age-62 claimants.