bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-Space Modelling and Stability Analysis of Solid-State Transformers for Resilient Distribution Systems
Authors: Mishra Dillip Kumar , Abbasi Mohammad Hossain , Eskandari Mohsen , Paduel Saroj , Sahoo Sourav Kumar , Zhang Jiangfeng , Li Li
Published: December 2023

Solid-state transformer (SST) is a promising technology for smart grids due to its flexible power control (better reliability) and high efficacy (by decreasing losses) compared with traditional transformers. The SST is designed in tandem with three stages, i.e., the input, isolation, and output stages. As three converter stages are used to design the SST to make a more reliable device in practice, it is highly prone to instabilities. Moreover, the key objective of SST design is to implement a modern power distribution system to make it more intelligent and reliable. The stability issue can be even more complicated by the presence of distributed energy resources in the distribution system. Thus, the stability of SST must be measured prior to /during the design, and to determine, a state-space model is used, which is developed in this paper. Each stage of SST is modeled with its controller, and the system's stability is measured through the controllability and observability test. Further, the conversion from state-space to transfer function model is done, and the stability of SST is shown using frequency and time-domain diagrams. With these, the different plots, namely, the Bode plot, Nyquist plot, Nichols chart, Root locus, pole-zero plot, and Eigen plot, are used to ascertain the relative and absolute stability. Finally, the SST Simulink model is tested and validated through hardwate-in-the-loop simulation, i.e., OPALRT, to show its effectiveness and applicability.
Quantum Tomography: From Markovianity to Non-Markovianity
Authors: Tian Luan , Li Zetong , Zheng Congcong , Kuang Xuheng , Yu Xutao , Zhang Zaichen
Published: December 2023

Engineering of quantum computers requires reliable characterization of qubits, quantum operations, and even the entire hardware. Quantum tomography is an indispensable framework in

quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV), which has been widely accepted

by researchers. According to the tomographic target, quantum tomography can be categorized

into quantum state tomography (QST), quantum process tomography (QPT), gate set tomography

(GST), process tensor tomography (PTT), and instrument set tomography (IST). Standard quantum tomography toolkits generally consist of basic linear inverse methods and statistical maximum

likelihood estimation (MLE) based methods. Furthermore, the performance of standard methods,

including effectiveness and efficiency, has been further developed by exploiting Bayesian estimation,

neural networks, matrix completion techniques, etc. In this review, we introduce the fundamental

quantum tomography techniques, including QST, QPT, GST, PTT, and IST. We first introduce

the details of basic linear inverse methods. Then, the framework of MLE methods with constraints

is summarized. Finally, we briefly introduce recent further research in developing the performance

of tomography. This review provides a primary getting-start in developing quantum tomography,

which promotes quantum computer development.
Assessing the Efficiency of the Zagtouli Solar Plant: A Large-Scale Grid-Connected PV System in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Abdoulaye , Ouoba Samuel , Haro Kayaba , Ouedraogo Tongonmanegde Leonard , Bagré Boubou , Korsaga Bowendkuni Armand , Béré Antoine
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an evaluation and analysis of the energy performance of a 33.7 MWp solar photovoltaic plant. Monitoring data for 36 months (January 2019-December 2021) have been used to evaluate the performance of the power plant according to the IEC 61724 standard. Normalized parameters that are (i) performance ratio, (ii) reference yield, (iii) array yield, (iv) final yield, (v) array capture losses, (vi) system losses, (vii) system efficiency, and (viii) capacity factor were quantified. During the study period, monthly averages of the normalized yields Yr, Ya, and Yf obtained are respectively 5.81 h/d, 4.59 h/d, and 4.52 h/d with average total losses (TL) estimated at 1.29 h/d and an average performance ratio (PR) of 78%. In light of this study, more than 80% of array capture losses are related to miscellaneous capture losses. Thus, periods of low production due to a drop in performance are compounded by other external climatic factors. The performance ratio becomes increasingly sensitive to the effect of temperature over time. This study could constitute a decision support tool for solar power plant projects underway at the national level and in the Sudan-Sahelian zone.
Thermodynamic Modelling, Technical and Operational Issues of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Generation Cycles for Industrial Applications: A Literature Review
Authors: Aredokou Louis Olorounto , Chegnimonhan Victorin Kouamy , Tiam Kapen Pascalin , Guidi T. Clotilde , Kounouhewa Basile
Published: December 2023

Future electricity production systems will be able to harness the power of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as it moves through thermal cycles. It serves the same goal as sources of energy such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, solar power, and the recovery of waste heat (or surplus heat from industrial processes). When the heat source temperature is between 350°C and 800°C, CO2 as a working fluid exhibits excellent thermal efficiency. Its novel technological benefits over conventional steam Rankine cycles, such as the use of small turbo gear and compact heat exchangers, have captured the attention of scientists. It has excellent operational flexibility and may induce significantly cheaper energy costs. Aligned with these goals, this paper presents a panoramic work, exploring the current state of the art of S-CO2 power generation, with a particular emphasis on the technical and operational perplexities. After providing a comprehensive overview of the thermodynamic principles that underpin this study, the foundation is established for an engaging discourse on the continuous research and development of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycles in power generation. Upon delving into the thermodynamic facets of CO2 that propel this investigation, the spotlight is cast upon dissecting the existing state of research and development of S-CO2 cycles in power generation before transitioning into encapsulating the principal domains of application and noteworthy thermodynamic modelling inquiries of S-CO2 cycles. The present advancements and hurdles within the primary application areas are succinctly summarized, while future research trends are identified.
Mucosal Melanoma of the Male Urethra
Authors: Tan Kathleen Adryon , Lenon Maria Sarah
Published: December 2023

This is a rare case of a mucosal melanoma, located in the urethra of a 59-year-old male. Malignant melanomas of the genitourinary tract are rare, representing <1% of malignancies in the genitourinary tract, and <0.1% of all melanomas. In the male genitourinary tract, the most affected sites are the glans penis and the distal urethra in the fossa navicularis. Urethral melanomas comprise 4% of all urethral cancers.
Defining the Terms of Reference of the PSP’s Committee on Academic and Research Pathology
Authors: Tandoc III Amado
Published: December 2023

In the landscape of medical science, the role of pathology cannot be overstated. Pathologists play a pivotal role in diagnosing diseases, understanding their mechanisms, and advancing medical knowledge. The Philippines, home to a wealth of talented healthcare professionals, possesses a cadre of skilled and accomplished pathologists. However, the research and publication output within the field of pathology in the country has not reached its full potential.
Wigner's friend scenario, Born's rule and an alternative formulation of pilot wave theory
Authors: Li Qian
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we analyze the thought experiment of "Wigner's friend" and point out that new understanding should be made to Born's rule and measurement process: Born's rule is no longer seen as a rule based on the history of the quantum system's, and the measurement results are no longer directly related to the state of the measured object before the measurement. Inspired by Everett III and H. Zurek's views, we believe that Born's rule reflects the coordination between states of different parts in quantum entanglement systems, so it has nothing to do with the history of particles themselves but rather with the historical records. A new formulation of pilot wave theory, objective relative state formulation, or ORSF is suggested. Under this interpretation, micro-particles can also be assigned definite states before being observed. Based on this formulation, Wigner's friend-like scenarios can be effectively explained. We also notice that our universe can be totally retrocausal by the new formulation. The new interpretation brings new perspectives to many quantum phenomena.
ChatGPT to enhance learning in dental education at a historically black medical college
Authors: Rahad Khandoker , Martin Kianna , Amugo Ihunna , Ferguson Shania , Curtis Angela , Davis Anniya , Gangula Pandu , Wang Qingguo
Published: December 2023

The recent rise of powerful large language model (LLM)-based AI tools, exemplified by ChatGPT and Bard, poses a great challenge to contemporary dental education while simultaneously offering a unique resource and approach that potentially complements today’s teaching and learning, where existing widely available learning resources have often fallen short. Although both the clinical and educational aspects of dentistry will be shaped profoundly by the LLM tools, the didactic curricula, which primarily rely on lecture-based courses where instructors impart knowledge through presentations and discussions, need to be upgraded urgently. In this paper, we used dental course materials, syllabi, and textbooks adopted currently in the School of Dentistry (SOD) at Meharry Medical College to assess the potential utility and effectiveness of ChatGPT in dental education. We collected the responses of the chatbot to questions as well as students' interactions with it for assessment. Our results showed that ChatGPT can assist in dental essay writing and generate relevant content for dental students, in addition to other benefits. The limitations of ChatGPT were also discussed in the paper.
Computational Image and Molecular Analysis Reveal Unique Prognostic Features of Immune Architecture in African Versus European American Women with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Madabhushi Anant , Azarianpour-Esfahani Sepideh , Khalighi Sirvan , Aggarwal Arpit , Viswanathan Vidya , Fu Pingfu , Avril Stefanie
Published: December 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC) disproportionately affects African American (AA) women in terms of progression and death. In our study, we sought to employ computerized image and bioinformatic analysis to tease out morphologic and molecular differences in EC between AA and European-American (EA) populations. We identified the differences in immune cell spatial patterns between AA and EA populations with markers of tumor biology, including histologic and molecular subtypes. The models performed best when they were trained and validated using data from the same population. Unsupervised clustering revealed a distinct association between immune cell features and known molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer that varied between AA and EA populations. Our genomic analysis revealed two distinct and novel gene sets with mutations associated with improved prognosis in AA and EA patients. Our study findings suggest the need for population-specific risk prediction models for women with endometrial cancer.
On the Origins of Mass
Authors: Szweizer Moshe , Schlagbaum Rivka
Published: December 2023

Probability, as manifested through entropy, is presented in this study as one ofthe most fundamental components of physical reality. It is demonstrated that thequantization of probability allows for the introduction of the mass phenomenon.In simple terms, gaps in probability impose resistance to change in movement,which observers experience as inertial mass. The model presented in the paperbuilds on two probability fields that are allowed to interact. The resultant prob-ability distribution is quantized, producing discrete probability levels. Finally, aformula is developed that correlates the gaps in probability levels with physicalmass. The model allows for the estimation of quark masses. The masses of theproton and neutron are arrived at with an error of under 0.04%. The masses ofsigma baryons are calculated with an error between 0.2% and 0.05%. The Wboson mass is calculated with an error of under 0.5%. The model explains whyproton is stable while other baryons are not, and it gives an explanation of theorigins and nature of dark matter. Throughout the text, the article illustratesthat the approach required to describe the nature of mass is incompatible withthe mathematical framework needed to explain other physical phenomena.
MSC Classification: 65C20 , 81P05 , 81P16 , 81Q50 , 37D45
Performance analysis of Advanced Quality Of Service-based Robust Multipath Routing (AQRMR) Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Authors: Kumar Parveen
Published: December 2023

In any wireless network, security is a critical consideration. Various protocols are being developed to provide security in ad hoc networks, ensuring that data and networks are protected from numerous threats and assaults. The MANET's main difficulties include providing effective QOS, security, resource reuse, path optimization with minimal latency and energy usage. The Secure Elliptic Curve Routing Algorithm (SECRA) delivers security by consuming less energy and providing improved network security. Here privacy is provided to the message through the ECC algorithm. In this paper, the performance of AQRMR protocol is analyzed with QRMR for various parameters. After 0.06 seconds, the UDP application begins transmitting packets, and the execution of each protocol is analyzed. Based on the analysis, we may conclude that with higher packet delivery ratio the AQRMR protocol outperforms than QRMR protocol.
A Comparison of 100-Point Numeric Grading System and Letter-Based Grading System in Medical Clerkship Assessment: A Single-Centre Study
Authors: Wu Yu-ying , Lin Chyi-Her , Lin I-Fan , Liang Cheng-Loong , Yang San-Nan , Liu I-Ting , Kuo Pei-Chun , Lin Chi-Wei
Published: December 2023

Background: Assessing medical students’ performance during clerkship remains a significant challenge due to the lack of commonly accepted standards. The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analyse of the validity and reliability of a 100-point numeric grading system and a simplified letter-based grading system in clerkship assessment.
Methods: A total of 176 medical students were enrolled in this study. Among them, 80 students (enrolment years 2015–2017) were assessed using the 100-point system, while 96 students (enrolment years 2018–2020) were assessed using the letter-based system. Grade Point Averages were computed from the scores of each core clerkship program rotations for comparison. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α, and the Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the correlation between pre- and post-clerkship academic scores.
Results: The distribution of grades between the two grading systems differed significantly. The 100-point numeric grading is much more skewed, showed very high internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.886) but poor external validity (Pearson’s test, p > 0.05). The letter-based grading system demonstrated acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.553) and good external validity (Pearson’s test, p < 0.001),
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the letter-based grading system was more effective for assessing medical students' performance during clerkship than the conventional 100-point numeric grading system.
A novel method for monitoring of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid thermal decarboxylation reactions in cannabis plant
Authors: Gao Baochang , Tian Yuan , Shi Yu , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Jingru , Mao Guoliang
Published: December 2023

The decarboxylation reaction for acidic cannabinoids is an important step in the use of cannabis. The effect of heating rates and cannabinoid composition on the decarboxylation process was studied. The TG/DTG curves of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), for a first time, compared the decarboxylation dynamics at different heating rates. Moreover, HPLC analysis on the plant sample after TG run presented evidence of cannabinoids conversion. The results showed that THCA had a higher decarboxylation reaction temperature than CBDA. In all cases, a significant loss of acid and neutral cannabinoids was observed at elevated heating rates in the absence of oxygen. THCA-dominant cannabis plant show lower activation energy (Ea) on THCA decarboxylation reaction. These findings were used to improve the decarboxylation condition and increase THC or CBD concentration.
SHR-A1811, a novel anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate with optimal drug-to-antibody ratio, superior bystander killing effect and favorable safety profiles
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Jianyan , Yin Junzhao , Gao Yun , Zheng Hanwen , Fu Beibei , Sun Jiakang , Xu Zhibing , Tu Shiwei , Mao Yuchang , Wen Weiyun , Qu Bolei , You Lingfeng , Xue Zhendong , Sun Xing , Cao Dan , Feng Jun , Hu Min , He Feng
Published: December 2023

Background
HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), especially trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), have revolutionized the treatment landscape of HER2-expressing or mutant cancers. However, undesired adverse events are still inevitable. It is necessary to discover a novel HER2-directed ADC with better safety profiles.
Methods
SHR-A1811 is composed of trastuzumab, a cleavable linker and a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, SHR169265. The permeability and pharmacokinetics of SHR169265 were detected by PAMPA assay and LC-MS/MS System. CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity and bystander killing effect of SHR169265 and SHR-A1811. The antitumor efficacy of SHR-A1811 was evaluated in mouse xenograft models with different HER2 expression levels. The toxicity of SHR-A1811 were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys.
Results
SHR169265 showed better permeability, stronger cytotoxicity and faster systemic clearance than SHR197971 (a DXd analog). The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of SHR-A1811 was optimized as 6 via balancing efficacy and toxicity. SHR-A1811 showed HER2-dependent growth inhibition against various cell lines and desirable bystander killing capability. SHR-A1811 led to tumor growth inhibition or even regression in a dose-dependent manner, at least comparable as HRA18-C015 (a biosimilar of T-DXd) and anti-HER2-SHR169265 (DAR 8) in multiple xenograft models with a range of HER2 expression levels. SHR-A1811 exhibited a good pharmacokinetics profile, outstanding stability in plasma across different species and a favorable preclinical safety profile. The highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) in cynomolgus monkeys was 40 mg/kg with thymus as the main target organ.
Conclusions
SHR-A1811 is a potential best-in-class anti-HER2 ADC with a highly permeable payload, optimized DAR, great potency and better safety profiles. Currently SHR-A1811 has entered phase II and phase III clinical studies for breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and NSCLC.
Endovascular treatment of stroke in the late time window with large vessel occlusion using the ASPECTS as an imaging screening criterion
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Zhuo Na , Wei Jianqi , Fan Yu , Jiang Changchun
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) screening tool for effectiveness in endovascular treatment of late time window stroke with large vessel occlusion.
Patients and methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of individuals administered endovascular treatment in our neurology department between 2016 and 2020 for ischemic stroke induced by acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Detailed baseline and endovascular treatment data were collected. Patients were assigned to 2 groups based on stroke onset time, including the 0-6h (treated within 6h of stroke onset) and 6-24h (earlier/unknown time of onset, up to 24 hours from the last time of appearing normal) groups. Both groups were compared for baseline information, revascularization rates, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90-day functional independence.
Results
Totally 221 individuals were enrolled. The 0-6h and 6-24h groups had 129 and 92 patients, respectively, whose median ages were 64 and 63 years, respectively. Both groups were similar in previous medical history, NIHSS score at onset, lesion location and surgical complications. The 6-24h group had elevated intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (48.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.020) and revascularization (96.7% vs 86.8%, P = 0.011) rates versus the 6-24h group. Upon adjustment for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, ASPECTS, Intracranial atherosclerosis, intraoperative tirofiban, stent detachment, successful recanalization, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, the 0-6h group had a higher rate of individuals achieving functional independence (mRS score of 0–2; 52.7% vs 47.8%, OR = 0.242 [0.070–0.833], P = 0.024). However, the rates of individuals with a favorable outcome (mRS scores of 0–3) were similar in both groups (66.7% vs. 69.6%; OR = 0.564 [0.140–2.266], P = 0.419) as well as 90-d mortality (OR = 0.889 [0.170–4.660], P = 0.889).
Conclusions
The ASPECTS is effective for screening individuals for endovascular treatment of stroke in the late time window with large vessel occlusion. The ASPECTS should be considered a simple and practical patient screening strategy for stroke centers without multimodal imaging evaluation.
Nutritional analysis and inhibition activity of kodo millet
Authors: P Gargi G , Shinde Manohar
Published: December 2023

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) are the minor crops and have several nutritional components having benefits against health issues. The present study involves the proximate analysis of kodo millet, was evaluated providing the data that will help in the utilization of grains in food processing. The proximate analysis of the kodo millet recorded the moisture content of 6.0%, crude protein 6.61%, crude fibre 8.5%, crude fat 2.82%, crude ash 0.62% and nitrogen free extract (carbohydrates) 63.62%. The α-glucosidase inhibition of methanol extracts of kodo millet reported the 15.37% in methanol, 49.3% in acid methanol, 48.6% in acid methanol heated, 12% in aqueous and 50.26% in aqueous heated extracts. The above information helps in the nutritional value and inhibitory activity of the kodo millet in various solvents extraction which may provide the idea of preventing or managing the diabetes mellitus.
Safety and Efficacy of Hysteroscopic Suture Fixation of the Levonorgestrel- Releasing Intrauterine System in Women with an Expulsion History: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ge Yuan , Lin Beibei , Xu Gufeng , Wang Yue
Published: December 2023

Background
The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is an efficient contraceptive and nonsurgical treatment for gynecological conditions. However, its expulsion rates are concerning. In this study, we suggest the use of non-absorbable suture fixation through hysteroscopy to mitigate expulsions and evaluate the safety and outcomes of this procedure.
Methods
This study included 73 women (average age: 41.34 years) with a history of LNG-IUS expulsion who underwent hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS at Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between August 2022 and August 2023. Postoperative assessment was conducted using electronic questionnaires at 1, 3, and 7 days, along with outpatient follow-ups and ultrasonography at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Results
The day surgery team successfully performed 73 procedures with a mean duration of 37.81 ± 15.42 min, encountering no complications. Follow-up was conducted for an average of 183.56 days for all 73 patients. Among them, 70 underwent postoperative imaging examinations, primarily ultrasonography, with an average follow-up imaging time of 117.33 days. This study revealed low expulsion (4.29%) and downward-shift (7.14%) rates. The primary adverse reactions observed were irregular bleeding or spotting in 71.23% of cases and an increased vaginal discharge rate of 8.22%.
Conclusion
Hysteroscopic LNG-IUS suture fixation is safe and effective for reducing expulsion rates in women with a history of expulsion. However, this procedure is associated with higher rates of irregular postoperative bleeding and increased vaginal discharge.
How different attributes are weighted in professionals' decision-making in Pediatric Dentistry – a protocol for guiding discrete choice experiment focused on shortening the evidence-based practice implementation for dental care
Authors: Machado Gabriela Manco , Luca Ana Clara Falabello , Pereira Renata de Paz Leal , Fernandez Ana Yne , Rodrigues Lucas Gabriel Santini , Leite Isabella Petroline , Cenci Maximiliano Sergio , Cenci Tatiana Pereira , Santos Ana Paula Pires , Vieira Branca Heloisa de Oliveira Martins , Nadanovsky Paulo , Lima Marina de Deus Moura , Moura Marcoeli Silva , Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Crispim Ana Carla , Carrer Fernanda Campos de Almeida , Gabriel Mariana , Lira Claudia Cazal , Gurgel Carla Vecchione , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Junior Gilberto Alfredo Pucca , Martins Fabio Carneiro , Calvasina Paola Gondim , Tricoli Maria Fernanda de Montezuma , Branco Camila Menezes Costa Castelo , Freitas Raiza Dias , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Braga Mariana Minatel
Published: December 2023

Background
Important evidence has been constantly produced and needs to be converted into practice. Professional consumption of such evidence may be a barrier to its implementation. Then, effective implementation of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice leans on the understanding of how professionals value attributes when choosing between options for dental care, permitting to guide this implementation process by maximizing strengthens and minimizing barriers related to that.
Methods
This is part of a broader project investigating the potential of incorporating scientific evidence into clinical practice and public policy recommendations and guidelines, identifying strengths and barriers in such an implementation process. The present research protocol comprises a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) from the Brazilian oral health professionals' perspective, aiming to assess how different factors are associated with professional decision-making in dental care, including the role of scientific evidence. Different choice sets will be developed, either focusing on understanding the role of scientific evidence in the professional decision-making process or on understanding specific attributes associated with different interventions recently tested in randomized clinical trials and available as newly produced scientific evidence to be used in clinical practice.
Discussion
Translating research into practice usually requires time and effort. Shortening this process may be useful for faster incorporation into clinical practice and beneficial to the population. Understanding the context and professionals' decision-making preferences is crucial to designing more effective implementation and/or educational initiatives. Ultimately, we expect to design an efficient implementation strategy that overcomes threats and potential opportunities identified during the DCEs, creating a customized structure for dental professionals.
Trial registration
https://osf.io/bhncv
The role of RObotic surgery in EMergency setting (ROEM): protocol for a multicentre, observational, prospective international study on the use of robotic platform in emergency surgery.
Authors: Milone Marco , Anoldo Pietro , de'Angelis Nicola , Coccolini Federico , Khan Jim , Kluger Yoram , Sartelli Massimo , Ansaloni Luca , Morelli Luca , Zanini Nicola , Vallicelli Carlo , Vigutto Gabriele , Moore Ernest , Biffl Walter , Catena Fausto , N/A ROEM Collaborative group
Published: December 2023

Background Robotic surgery has gained widespread acceptance in elective interventions, yet its role in emergency procedures remains underexplored. While the 2021 WSES position paper discussed limited studies on the application of robotics in emergency general surgery, it recommended strict patient selection, adequate training, and improved platform accessibility. This prospective study aims to define the role of robotic surgery in emergency settings, evaluating intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and assessing its feasibility and safety.Methods The ROEM study is an observational, prospective, multicentre, international analysis of clinically stable adult patients undergoing robotic surgery for emergency treatment of acute pathologies including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and obstructed hernias. Data collection includes patient demographics and intervention details. Furthermore, data relating to the operating theatre team and the surgical instruments used will be collected in order to conduct a cost analysis. The study plans to enrol at least 500 patients from 50 participating centres, with each centre having a local lead and collaborators. All data will be collected and stored online through a secure server running the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web application. Ethical considerations and data governance will be paramount, requiring local ethical committee approvals from participating centres.Discussion Current literature and expert consensus suggest the feasibility of robotic surgery in emergencies with proper support. However, challenges include staff training, scheduling conflicts with elective surgeries, and increased costs. The ROEM study seeks to contribute valuable data on the safety, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery in emergency settings, focusing on specific pathologies. Previous studies on cholecystitis, abdominal hernias, and diverticulitis provide insights into the benefits and challenges of robotic approaches. It is necessary to identify patient populations that benefit most from robotic emergency surgery to optimize outcomes and justify costs.
An Analytical Effect of Realistic Anchorage Systems on Bursting Force
Authors: Jain Monika , Khapre Rajendra
Published: December 2023

The anchorage area holds paramount significance in the structure of a post-tensioned concrete element. The anchorage systems hold a crucial role in the distribution of stresses in the anchorage region. These systems vary extensively depending on the magnitude of post-tensioning forces. Finite element simulation with a real-life anchorage system will provide realistic results which will help in predictions of accurate bursting tensile force due to post-tensioning. Owing to this, a detailed parametric study was performed by using ANSYS with four anchorage systems widely used in construction. Simulation techniques in ANSYS are adopted from the referred literature. An experimental investigation is also performed for the validation of numerical work. Various plots like transverse tensile stresses, and bursting tensile force are drawn to understand the effect of the anchorage system on the behavior of concrete beams. Based on the findings derived from finite element analysis, a formula is suggested to compute the bursting tensile force. The proposed equation is compared with, ACI/AASHTO, CSA, and IS1343. Important influencing parameters, which were missing in standard design codes, are incorporated in the proposed equation. It was found that the proposed equation predicts a more realistic bursting force in line with the newly introduced parameters.
DeepAEG: A model for predicting cancer drug response based on data enhancement and edge-collaborative update strategies
Authors: Lao Chuanqi , Zheng Pengfei , Chen Hongyang , Liu Qiao , An Feng , Li Zhao
Published: December 2023

Motivation: The prediction of cancer drug response is a challenging subject in modern personalized cancer therapy due to the uncertainty of drug efficacy and the heterogeneity of patients. It has been shown that the characteristics of the drug itself and the genomic characteristics of the patient can greatly influence the results of cancer drug response. Therefore, accurate, efficient, and comprehensive methods for drug feature extraction and genomics integration are crucial to improve the prediction accuracy.
Results: Accurate prediction of cancer drug response is vital for guiding the design of anticancer drugs. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model named DeepAEG which is based on a complete-graph update mode to predict IC50. Specifically, we integrate an edge update mechanism on the basis of a hybrid graph convolutional network to comprehensively learn the potential high-dimensional representation of topological structures in drugs, including atomic characteristics and chemical bond information. Additionally, we present a novel approach for enhancing Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification (SMILES) data by employing sequence recombination to eliminate the defect of single sequence representation of drug molecules.Our extensive experiments show that DeepAEG outperforms other existing methods across multiple evaluation parameters in multiple test sets. Furthermore, we identify several potential anticancer agents, including bortezomib, which has proven to be an effective clinical treatment option. Our results highlight the potential value of DeepAEG in guiding the design of specific cancer treatment regimens.
VB-T PHD-SLAM: Efficient SLAM under heavy-tailed noise
Authors: Zou Han , Wu Sunyong , Wang Bin , Xue Qiutiao , Sun Xiyan
Published: December 2023

To address the challenge of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in the presence of heavy-tailed noise, this papper introduces a robust probability hypothesis density (PHD) SLAM algorithm. This algorithm models measurement noise using the Student's t-distribution, which better captures the heavy-tailed nature of the noise. Since the prior density is assumed to be Gaussian mixture form, the posterior density is no longer Gaussian mixture form after the likelihood update of the t-distribution. A variational Bayesian approach is employed to ensure computable multi-target densities during filtering, minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence to obtain an approximate solution for the new marginal likelihood function. Then a new closed-form recursion of PHD-SLAM is derived by using t-distribution. Simulation results and real-world validations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms PHD-SLAM 1.0 and PHD-SLAM 2.0 in terms of both localization and mapping accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency in SLAM scenarios affected by heavy-tailed noise.
The SDS2 study (SmartFlat for Dysexecutive Syndrome Stratification - a prospective study quantifying cognitive and behavioral executive dysfunction in patients with acquired brain lesions): statistical analysis plan
Authors: Chapelle Rémy , Bompaire Flavie , Bargiotas Ioannis , Perochon Sam , Vayatis Nicolas , Oudre Laurent , Ricard Damien
Published: December 2023

Background:
Evaluating executive dysfunction in brain-damaged patients remains a significant challenge in neurology. Current standard neuropsychological tests, although internally valid, often lack ecological validity. The SDS2 study aims to address this limitation and to improve the understanding of executive dysfunction by collecting multi-modal data including results from ecological and semi-ecological tests. These tests are designed to be more reflective of real-world challenges faced by individuals with executive dysfunction.
Methods:
The study relies on a longitudinal, non-randomized design, focusing on the results of the Arc de Triomphe Construction Test as the primary outcome. Various statistical methods, including Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, logistic regression models, and intraclass correlation coefficients, will be used to assess the performance and validity of this test. Missing data will be handled using multiple imputation techniques. Secondary, subgroup, and exploratory analyses will focus on various aspects of the collected dataset.
Discussion:
The SDS2 study's comprehensive statistical framework will contribute to refining the understanding of executive dysfunction. The proposed use of established statistical methods originating from various fields and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms seems particularly suited for the complex and heterogeneous multi-modal data involved. These data also represent a valuable opportunity to develop new statistical and machine learning analysis methods.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05017051. IDRCB: 2021-A00087-34.
Reversal of dexamethasone induced insulin resistance by Apocynin in L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 adipocytes – a mechanistic approach
Authors: Nagarajan Priyashree , Thandapani Prabhu , Maganti Harika , Manikandan Thanikes , Kailasam Ragul Prasath , Mendonca Angel , Sundaresan Sujatha
Published: December 2023

Objective The current study aims to decipher the putative interaction between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in response to apocynin (APO) mediated glucose uptake in Dexamethasone (DXM) induced insulin resistance.
Methods The gene expression of the molecular markers pertaining to insulin signaling pathway including IRTK, IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT-4 along with adipogenic markers like PPARα and adiponectin were studied. The results from the study aided in understanding the molecular effects of apocynin favoring the investigation of the crosstalk among the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes.
Results After confirming 100 nM DXM was ideal for inducing insulin resistance without much alteration in cell viability. This is taken further for inducing insulin resistance in both the chosen cell lines. The gene expression of IRTK and IRS-1 was found to be increased in APO treated, DXM+APO treated cells and was found to be equivalent to that expressed in 100 nM insulin treated cells. In DXM+APO treated L6 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, IRTK showed a 2- fold and 3.7-fold increase compared to control respectively. Whereas IRS-1 showed 2.3-fold and 3.5-fold increase in L6 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes respectively. In addition to this PI3K exhibited a 2.6-fold increase in L6 myotubes and 3.3-fold change in adipocytes. The maximum fold increase of 7.3 was exhibited by GLUT-4 in adipocytes while it showed a 2.8-fold increase in myotubes. The impact of apocynin on adipogenic markers were also analyzed and it was found that DXM+APO treated cells show 3.6-fold and 3.4-fold decrease in the expression of adiponectin and PPAR-α respectively in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Conclusion The results substantiate that APO (1 μM) has both anti-diabetic effect in L6 myotubes along with anti-adipogenic properties in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
On the knowledge production function
Authors: Dolgonosov Boris
Published: December 2023

Knowledge amount is an integral indicator of the development of society. Humanity produces knowledge in response to challenges from nature and society. Knowledge production depends on population size and human productivity. Productivity is a function of knowledge amount. The purpose of this study is to find this function and verify it on empirical material, including global demographic and information data. The productivity function is a basic element of the theory that results in the dynamic equations of knowledge production and population growth. A separate problem is the quantitative assessment of knowledge. To solve it, we consider knowledge representations in the form of patents, articles and books. Knowledge is stored in various types of devices, which together form a global informational storage. Storage capacity is increasing rapidly as digital technology advances. We compare storage capacity with the memory occupied by the forms of knowledge representation. The results obtained in this study contribute to the theory of knowledge production and related demographic dynamics and allow us to deepen our understanding of civilization development.
Prediction of internal friction angle of Q2-Q3 mixed loess as affected by weight ratio based on modified adhesion theory
Authors: HE Jianhui , Zheng Jianguo , Jiang Feng
Published: December 2023

Due to geography and construction technique considerations, Q2-Q3 mixed loess has been used for some loess high-fill slopes in Yan'an, China. The predicting formula for weight ratio and internal friction angle of Q2-Q3 mixed loess with optimal water content is essential for determining the stability of these slopes. This study assumed that the Q2-Q3 mixed loess was a homogeneous, single-species equivalent loess to simplify the derivation of the equation without impacting the research outcomes. This study utilized the stress synthesis law to present a hypothetical stress formula. Two limit cases were considered to determine the formula parameters. Then, the study derived the sliding conditions of equivalent loess soil particles according to the law of bound water. Finally, the study established a formula for predicting the internal friction angle of Q2-Q3 mixed loess based on the definition of the friction factor and the relationship between the water content and the bound water thickness. The results indicate that the predicted internal friction angle of Q2-Q3 mixed loess has minor relative errors, which confirms the accuracy of the formulas developed in this paper. Additionally, as the weight ratio increased, the internal friction angle of the Q2-Q3 mixed loess increased.
Reconstruction of Carrington Rotation means of Open Solar Flux over the past 154 years
Authors: Lockwood Mike , Owens Mat J.
Published: December 2023

We generate reconstructions of signed Open Solar Flux (OSF) for the past 154 years using observations of geomagnetic activity. Previous reconstructions have been limited to annual resolution but this is here increased by a factor of more than 13 by using averages over Carrington Rotation (CR) intervals. We use two indices of geomagnetic activity: the homogeneous aa geomagnetic index, aaH, and the IDV(1d) composite index and a combination of the two is fitted to OSF estimates from near-Earth interplanetary satellite data. For 1995-2022 these are corrected for excess flux (i.e., orthogardenhose flux and switchbacks) using strahl electrons. For 1970-2022 we also use the absolute values of the radial component of the near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field ⟨|⟨Br⟩τ|⟩CR, where the excess flux is allowed for by using the optimum averaging interval τ of 20 hrs. However, in the interval 1970-1995 data gaps in the interplanetary data are a serious problem. The errors that these missing data cause in CR averages of OSF are evaluated by synthetically masking data for CRs that have a full complement of data, using the same number and time series of data gaps as for the CR in question. Given these errors can be large, we use the near-continuous 1995-2022 data to derive the best-fit combination of the geomagnetic data and employ the 1970-1995 data for testing that can allow for the errors caused by data gaps. Errors caused by inaccuracies in the geomagnetic data are shown to be considerably smaller than the uncertainties due to the polynomial fitting. It is shown that the new reconstructions are consistent with the previous annual estimates and that there is considerable variability in the OSF values from one CR to the next: in particular, in high-activity solar cycles there can be individual CRs in which the OSF exceeds that for adjacent CRs by a factor as large as two.
ORTAKLIĞIN GİDERİLMESİNDE DAVA ŞARTI ARABULUCULUK
Authors: YENİCE CEYLAN Özge
Published: December 2023

7445 sayılı Kanun m.37 ile Arabuluculuk Kanunu’na (HUAK) eklenen m.18/B’nin getirdiği en büyük yeniliklerden biri, taşınır ve taşınmaz malların paylaştırılması ve ortaklığın giderilmesiyle ilgili ihtilaflarda dava açmadan önce arabuluculuk yoluna başvurulmasının dava şartı olmasıdır. Ortaklığın giderilmesi davası, birlikte mülkiyetin ferdi mülkiyete dönüştürülmesini ve ortaklığa konu mal ve hakların ortaklar arasında paylaştırılmasını amaçlar. Bu davalar iki taraflı olup tüm taraflar için benzer sonuçlar doğururlar. Bu davalarda kazanan ve kaybeden taraf yoktur. Taşınır ve taşınmaz malların paylaştırılması ve ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda arabuluculuğun dava şartı olması, yalnızca arabuluculuğa başvuru açısından bir zorunluluktur. Arabuluculuk sürecini sürdürme, süreçten vazgeçme, süreci sonlandırma, anlaşmama halinde yeniden arabuluculuğa başvurma veya dava yoluna gitme hususlarında iradilik ilkesi geçerlidir. Ortaklığın giderilmesi davalarında dikkat çeken özellik, taraf sayısının çokluğudur. Gerek taraf sayısının çokluğu gerekse taraflar arasındaki iletişim sorunları, tarafların aralarında anlaşarak paylaşmaya ilişkin karara varmalarını zorlaştırır. Mahkeme tarafından özellikle umuma açık artırma yoluyla satışa karar verildiğinde, dava ve satış masrafları sebebiyle, satış bedelinin önemli bir kısmı harcanmaktadır. Ayrıca satıştan elde edilen bedel, tarafları tatmin etmemektedir. Ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların arabuluculuk yöntemiyle çözümü, tarafları iktisaden avantajlı bir konuma getirebilir. Ayrıca uyuşmazlık, arabuluculuk yönteminde daha hızlı çözüme kavuşabilecektir. Arabuluculuk yoluna başvurulduğunda, karşılıklı iletişim kurularak tarafların ortak arzusuna en uygun çözüm bulunabilir, mallar icra yoluyla satılmaksızın aile içinde kalabilir. Ortaklığın giderilmesine dair uyuşmazlıkların arabuluculuk yoluyla çözüme kavuşturulmasında, taraflar pek çok konuyu aydınlığa kavuşturabilirler. Böylece toplumsal barışa katkı sağlanmış olur.
Mediation in Administrative Law Proceeding: Comparative Legal Analysis of the Legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany and Ukraine
Authors: Luchenko Dmytro , Kostina Diana
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the content of mediation as an alternative method of administrative law dispute resolution through the prism of analysis of the relevant legislation. The relevance of this topic is primarily associated with the problems of resolution of administrative law disputes by the means of litigation. Therefore, mediation appears as a way to find a compromise for both parties, which can be achieved with the help of a mediator whose purpose is to resolve a conflict situation and assist in making a decision which would satisfy the interests of both parties. The purpose of this article is to study mediation as a method of alternative dispute resolution in the administrative process in its broadest sense, i.e., including administrative procedure and administrative proceedings, based on the comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and German legislation. To achieve this goal and solve the tasks stipulated by it, the following scientific methods were used: systematic, formal legal, comparative legal, analysis and synthesis, and generalisation methods. The article examines the legislation on mediation: domestic and German. It is established that in the legislation and practice of European countries, mediation has been used for a rather long period of time in the resolution of administrative law disputes. Such a widespread use of mediation in administrative law issues is associated with Recommendation (2001) 9 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to member States on alternatives to litigation between administrative authorities and private parties, dated 5 September 2001, which emphasises that the use of alternative means of settling administrative disputes makes it possible to resolve these problems and bring the administrative authority closer to the public. The author substantiates the relevance of legal regulation of mediation as a means of resolving administrative law disputes in Ukraine.