bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal testing in pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization with pre‐implantation genetic testing
Authors: Arian Sara E. , Erfani Hadi , Westerfield Lauren E. , Buffie Alexandra , Nassef Salma , Gibbons William E. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Women with pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with normal pre‐implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) are advised to undergo prenatal screening and testing during pregnancy. It is not well known how many follow these recommendations. Our objective was to study prenatal testing decisions made by women with pregnancies conceived through IVF with PGT‐A.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of women who received genetic counseling during pregnancies conceived through IVF with normal PGT‐A. We excluded those who received genetic counseling preconceptionally prior to IVF. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and after testing for normality by the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, independent t test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test.

Results

Data from 83 women were included. Of these, 53 (63.9%) had at least one of the following prenatal tests: first trimester combined screening (16.9%), non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) (45.8%), second trimester serum screening (6%), and invasive diagnostic testing (6%). 10.8% had more than one of the above tests and 36.1% declined all tests.

Conclusion

Almost two‐thirds of women who were pregnant after IVF with normal PGT‐A had prenatal aneuploidy screening or testing. Future prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to further ascertain decision making in this population.
Targeting Item–level Nuances Leads to Small but Robust Improvements in Personality Prediction from Digital Footprints
Authors: Hall Andrew N. , Matz Sandra C.
Published: April 2020

In the past decade, researchers have demonstrated that personality can be accurately predicted from digital footprint data, including Facebook likes, tweets, blog posts, pictures, and transaction records. Such computer–based predictions from digital footprints can complement—and in some circumstances even replace—traditional self–report measures, which suffer from well–known response biases and are difficult to scale. However, these previous studies have focused on the prediction of aggregate trait scores (i.e. a person's extroversion score), which may obscure prediction–relevant information at theoretical levels of the personality hierarchy beneath the Big 5 traits. Specifically, new research has demonstrated that personality may be better represented by so–called personality nuances—item–level representations of personality—and that utilizing these nuances can improve predictive performance. The present work examines the hypothesis that personality predictions from digital footprint data can be improved by first predicting personality nuances and subsequently aggregating to scores, rather than predicting trait scores outright. To examine this hypothesis, we employed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest models to predict both items and traits using out–of–sample cross–validation. In nine out of 10 cases across the two modelling approaches, nuance–based models improved the prediction of personality over the trait–based approaches to a small, but meaningful degree (4.25% or 1.69% on average, depending on method). Implications for personality prediction and personality nuances are discussed. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
Registration of soybean cultivar ‘TN15‐5007’ with high meal protein
Authors: Pantalone Vince , Cunicelli Mia , Wyman Chris
Published: April 2020

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar ‘TN15‐5007’ (Reg. no. CV‐535, PI 692131) is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) cultivar released by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019 on the basis of high seed yield in Tennessee, the Mid‐South, and southeastern regions of the United States. It was developed to create a high‐yielding cultivar with high meal protein. TN15‐5007 was developed from 1 of 3,500 single plants. Progeny rows were selected using breeder's phenotypic score, which includes adapted maturity, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and pod density. TN15‐5007 was a selected line and was entered in yield tests in 2015–2018. TN15‐5007 has white flowers and gray pubescence. The plants have an upright growth habit with good resistance to lodging. The pods have a tan pod coat, and the seeds are yellow. The 100‐seed weight is approximately 12.7 g, which was equal to that of ‘Ellis’ in the 2018 USDA Uniform Test. In that test, TN15‐5007 matured 2 d earlier than Ellis, the same as ‘AG 46X7’, 1 d earlier than ‘AG 4835’, and 1 d later than ‘AG 4632’, indicating that the relative maturity of TN15‐5007 is approximately 4.7, which is highly desirable for producers in Tennessee and the Mid‐South region. TN15‐5007 is resistant to the disease stem canker. It produced 436 g kg−1 protein and 213 g kg−1 oil on a dry weight basis and produced a very high 505 g kg−1 meal protein in the 2018 Southern Uniform Test.
How to Conduct an Outpatient Telemedicine Rehabilitation or Prehabilitation Visit
Authors: Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica , Bean Allison C. , Tenforde Adam S. , Tapia Rebecca N. , Silver Julie K.
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus pandemic is resulting in an accelerated conversion of in‐person physician visits to virtual visits. As barriers to adoption of telemedicine are rapidly decreasing, it is important to recognize the need for practical and immediately deployable information that can improve doctor‐patient interactions, facilitate accurate documentation, and increase confidence in the transition to virtual visits. In this article we aim to outline the components of an outpatient telemedicine visit for physiatrists, with a particular focus on an adapted virtual physical examination. Uses of telemedicine may include future large scale concerns such as natural disasters or climate change. We describe a general approach to the visit, review definitions of terms commonly used in telemedicine, and offer tips for optimizing the encounter.
Lung ultrasound: A useful additional tool in clinician's hands to identify pulmonary atelectasis in children with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , D'Andrea Maria Luisa , Gioachin Anna , Papia Bruno , Testa Maria Beatrice Chiarini , Cherchi Claudio , Bock Caterina , Tomà Paolo , Cutrera Renato
Published: April 2020

Introduction and Objectives

Patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) are often exposed to ionizing radiations which could be reduced if a noninvasive and reliable diagnostic method is identified. The major aim of this study was to compare the use of chest X‐ray (CXR) with lung ultrasound (LUS) in pediatric patients with NMD, to identify pulmonary atelectasis (PA).

Materials and Methods

A prospective study was conducted on children affected by NMD. In all patients who underwent CXR, a LUS was also performed and results compared for the assessment of PA.

Results

Forty children affected by NMD were enrolled. Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 was the most common NMD, followed by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and congenital myopathies. More than half of the subjects presented PA, more prevalent in the lung left lower lobes. LUS agreed with CXR results (negative or positive for atelectasis) in 31 patients (77.5%). In two patients, an agreement evaluation was not possible due to non‐conclusive LUS. Conversely, LUS disagreed with CXR in seven patients, four of which were positive for atelectasis. If only complete agreement was considered, the statistical analysis between CXR and LUS showed: LUS sensitivity of 57%, LUS specificity of 82%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 61%.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the use of LUS should be recommended to early identify PA and reduce frequent ionizing exposition of these fragile patients. Finally, our study also suggests that LUS can provide relevant information for clinicians and respiratory physiotherapists.
Predictors of response to medications for asthma in pediatric patients: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: April 2020

Objectives

There has been no systematic review of studies aimed to predict differential responses to medication regimens for asthma controller therapies in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study was to summarize those identifying biomarkers for the different asthma controller therapies.

Methods

Studies published by June 2019 that report phenotypic or genotypic characteristics or biomarkers that could potentially serve as response predictors to asthma controller therapies in pediatric patients were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale tool.

Results

Of 385 trials identified, 30 studies were included. Children with asthma and a positive family history of asthma, with more severe disease, of the white race, with allergy biomarkers, nonobese, with lower lung function, high bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, or having variants in the FCER2 and CRHR1 gene respond better to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Younger age (<10 years), short disease duration (<4 years), high cotinine and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels, and 5/5 ALOX5 were associated with a better response to leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA). For patients that remain symptomatic, white Hispanics were more likely to respond to LTRA, blacks to ICS, white non‐Hispanics to LTRA or LABA, and children without a history of eczema, regardless of race or ethnicity to LABA set‐up therapy. In severe persistent asthma, those with atopy and body mass index greater than or equal 25 were more likely to benefit from omalizumab.

Conclusion

Several phenotypic characteristics, biomarkers, or pharmacogenomics markers could be useful for predicting the best drug for asthma treatment.
Insulin and epidermal growth factor receptor family members share parallel activation mechanisms
Authors: Ferguson Kathryn M. , Hu Chun , Lemmon Mark A.
Published: April 2020

Insulin receptor (IR) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were the first receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to be studied in detail. Both are important clinical targets—in diabetes and cancer, respectively. They have unique extracellular domain compositions among RTKs, but share a common module with two ligand‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR)‐like domains connected by a flexible cysteine‐rich (CR) domain (L1‐CR‐L2 in IR/domain, I‐II‐III in EGFR). This module is linked to the transmembrane region by three fibronectin type III domains in IR, and by a second CR in EGFR. Despite sharing this conserved ligand‐binding module, IR and EGFR family members are considered mechanistically distinct—in part because IR is a disulfide‐linked (αβ)2 dimer regardless of ligand binding, whereas EGFR is a monomer that undergoes ligand‐induced dimerization. Recent cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structures suggest a way of unifying IR and EGFR activation mechanisms and origins of negative cooperativity. In EGFR, ligand engages both LRRs in the ligand‐binding module, “closing” this module to break intramolecular autoinhibitory interactions and expose new dimerization sites for receptor activation. How insulin binds the activated IR was less clear until now. Insulin was known to associate with one LRR (L1), but recent cryo‐EM structures suggest that it also engages the second LRR (albeit indirectly) to “close” the L1‐CR‐L2 module, paralleling EGFR. This transition simultaneously breaks autoinhibitory interactions and creates new receptor‐receptor contacts—remodeling the IR dimer (rather than inducing dimerization per se) to activate it. Here, we develop this view in detail, drawing mechanistic links between IR and EGFR.
Industrial leak testing of dangerous goods packagings
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Neitsch Marcel , Goedecke Thomas
Published: April 2020

The Dangerous Goods Regulations currently do not include limit leakage rates or sensitivity requirements for industrial leak testing procedures that are equivalent to the bubble test, which is the prescribed test method for design type testing of dangerous goods packagings. During series production of such packagings, various methods are used, which often do not meet the requirements of the bubble test with regard to important criteria.

Sensitivity, flow direction, pressure level and automatability are particularly important factors when selecting a suitable industrial leak testing method.

The following methods are in principle both suitable and equally effective as the bubble test: pressure rise test (vacuum chamber), ultrasonic bubble leak detection and gas detection methods (pressure technique by accumulation and vacuum chamber technique).

To ensure a uniform test level during design type testing and production line leak testing and therefore a comparable safety level as required by the Dangerous Goods Regulations, it is necessary to include a more precise specification in these regulations. This requires, on the one hand, information about the sensitivity of the bubble test and, on the other hand, the inclusion of a list of suitable, equally effective industrial test methods with their specific boundary conditions.
On designing a progressive mean chart for efficient monitoring of process location
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Akhtar Noureen , Riaz Muhammad , Abid Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Variation is an important phenomenon of the output of every manufacturing and production process. To deal with the natural and special cause variations in the process, quality practitioners mostly apply control charts. There have been regular advancements over time in the design structures of these charts such as runs rules, fast initial response, sampling mechanisms among many others. In this article, auxiliary‐information‐based progressive mean (AIB‐PM) control chart has been proposed, in which study variable is found correlated with another auxiliary variable. The development of the proposed AIB‐PM structure utilises both the study and auxiliary variables. It is based on the regression estimator to introduce an unbiased and efficient estimate of the location parameter of the study variable. The performance assessment is carried out using average run length as a metric under zero‐state and steady‐state modes. The proposed AIB‐PM chart is compared with some existing competitors and found that it performs uniformly superior than the existing competitors at small and persistent shifts in the process mean. An illustrative example using a real data set is presented to show the implementation of the proposed method.
Size of nodal domains of the eigenvectors of a graph
Authors: Huang Han , Rudelson Mark
Published: April 2020

Consider an eigenvector of the adjacency matrix of a G(n,p) graph. A nodal domain is a connected component of the set of vertices where this eigenvector has a constant sign. It is known that with high probability, there are exactly two nodal domains for each eigenvector corresponding to a nonleading eigenvalue. We prove that with high probability, the sizes of these nodal domains are approximately equal to each other.
Efficient Interconnection in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Li Can , Wang Yong , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: April 2020

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are excellent candidates as light absorbers in tandem solar cells with advantages of tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, facile fabrication processes, and low costs. Tandem devices offer a route to further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost for the solar cell practical applications. One critical challenge that limits the development of two‐terminal perovskite‐based tandem devices is the interconnection between two subcells. To achieve efficient interconnection in the tandem devices, it is required to simultaneously fulfill the high electrical, optical, and chemical requirements. In particular, chemical protection requirement is necessary to enable a tandem device in the case of solution‐processed perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells. In this work, recent advances of interconnection in perovskite‐based two‐terminal tandem solar cells are reviewed. A brief introduction to the topic is first given. The definition, functions, and requirements of interconnecting layers in two‐terminal tandem devices are then discussed. Next, the insights into recent advances of interconnecting layers in two‐terminal perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (perovskite–perovskite, perovskite–polymer, perovskite–inorganic tandem solar cells) are further described. Finally, an outlook of the future research directions and a brief summary are drawn.
Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/Gold Nanorod Composites as Efficient Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Junjie , Hu Qikun , Li Minzhang , Shan Haiquan , Feng Yaomiao , Xu Zong-Xiang
Published: April 2020

Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/gold nanorod (P3HT/AuNR) composites are developed and introduced as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) to fabricate mixed‐ion perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The highest power conversion efficiency of the optimized devices based on the composite HTM reaches up to 16.88%, which is an increase of 26% from that of a pristine P3HT‐based device (13.40%). The enhanced performance can be attributed to the increased crystallinity of P3HT induced by the addition of AuNRs in the polymer matrix and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of AuNRs, which lead to higher carrier mobility and increased light utilization efficiency. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of plasmonic AuNRs in PSCs application and a useful method to further improve the performance of PSCs.
Juvenile Coho and Chinook Salmon Growth, Size, and Condition Linked To Watershed‐Scale Salmon Spawner Abundance
Authors: Joy Philip J. , Stricker Craig A. , Ivanoff Renae , Wang Shiao Y. , Wipfli Mark S. , Seitz Andrew C. , Huang Jiaqi , Tyers Mathew B.
Published: April 2020

Anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are semelparous, and resource subsidies from spawning adult salmon (marine‐derived nutrients [MDN]) benefit juvenile salmonids while they rear in freshwater. However, it is unclear if juvenile salmon populations respond predictably to the abundance of spawning salmon at the watershed scale. To address whether hypothesized benefits to rearing juveniles scale up to population and watershed scales, we examined juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha growth, fork length, condition, and abundance as a function of MDN assimilation throughout the Unalakleet and North rivers in western Alaska. Additionally, a mark–recapture experiment provided abundance estimates of Coho Salmon smolts emigrating from these two rivers. Prior to spawning, residual MDN from past years offered little advantage to juvenile salmon. However, after the arrival of spawning adults, juveniles demonstrated a positive relationship between MDN and fish size, growth, and condition in fall and winter. Out‐migrating smolts also benefitted from MDN resources via increased size and growth rates. Coho Salmon smolt abundance was unrelated to total spawner biomass, but a positive relationship between MDN assimilation and smolt abundance suggested a possible effect on overwinter survival. Furthermore, similar trends in spawner biomass and the abundance of age‐1 smolts suggested that age at smolting was influenced by MDN. These relationships support the hypothesis that salmon spawner abundance during Coho and Chinook Salmon rearing is an important factor in the juvenile productivity of these species.
CaNa[Cr(OH)6] – A Layered Hydroxochromate(III) with Ordered Brucite Structure and its Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Hunger Jens , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: April 2020

Green single‐crystals of the hydroxochromate(III) CaNa[Cr(OH)6] were grown under highly alkaline hydrothermal conditions at about 200 °C. The starting materials Ca(NO3)2·6H2O and Cr(NO3)3·9H2O were reacted in a mixture of water and sodium hydroxide with the molar ratio of 2.8:1. CaNa[Cr(OH)6] crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric trigonal space group R3 with the lattice parameters a = 583.86(2) pm and c = 1428.73(6) pm [T = 100(1) K]. Characteristically, the crystals are reverse‐obverse as well as inversion twins. The crystal structure is a stack of uncharged metal hydroxide layers, which can be regarded as a cation‐ordered rhombohedral variant of the Mg(OH)2 (brucite) structure type. The oxidation state of chromium(III) and its coordination by hydroxide groups was confirmed by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, respectively. Temperature‐dependent magnetic measurements revealed paramagnetic behavior with an effective moment of 3.82 μB per chromium atom. The thermal decomposition of CaNa[Cr(OH)6] takes place at about 225 °C, where the fast elimination of 1.5 equivalents of water is followed by the oxidation of chromium(III) to chromium(VI). Upon further heating to 1000 °C and 1200 °C, the intermediate decomposition products CaCrO4 and Na2CrO4 transform into the oxochromates(V) Ca5(CrO4)3O0.5 and Ca3(CrO4)2, respectively.
The clinical management of lenalidomide-based therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Dechow Tobias , Scheytt Mithun , Schmidt Christian , Hackanson Bjoern , Knop Stefan
Published: April 2020

Lenalidomide is an integral, yet evolving, part of current treatment pathways for both transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). It is approved in combination with dexamethasone as first-line therapy for transplant-ineligible patients with NDMM, and as maintenance treatment following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Although strong clinical trial evidence has supported the integration of lenalidomide into current treatment paradigms for NDMM, applying those paradigms to individual patients and determining which patients are most likely to benefit from lenalidomide treatment are more complex. In this paper, we utilize the available clinical trial evidence to provide recommendations for patient selection and lenalidomide dosing in both the first-line setting in patients ineligible for ASCT and the maintenance setting in patients who have undergone ASCT. In addition, we provide guidance on management of those adverse events that are most commonly associated with lenalidomide treatment, and consider the optimal selection and sequencing of next-line agents following long-term frontline or maintenance treatment with lenalidomide.
SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction
Authors: Mäkelä Jarno , Sherratt David
Published: April 2020

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are ancient and conserved molecular machines that organize chromosomes in all domains of life. We propose that the principles of chromosome folding needed to accommodate DNA inside a cell in an accessible form will follow similar principles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the exact contributions of SMC complexes to bacterial chromosome organization have been elusive. Recently, it was shown that the SMC homolog, MukBEF, organizes and individualizes the Escherichia coli chromosome by forming a filamentous axial core from which DNA loops emanate, similar to the action of condensin in mitotic chromosome formation. MukBEF action, along with its interaction with the partner protein, MatP, also facilitates chromosome individualization by directing opposite chromosome arms (replichores) to different cell halves. This contrasts with the situation in many other bacteria, where SMC complexes organise chromosomes in a way that the opposite replichores are aligned along the long axis of the cell. We highlight the similarities and differences of SMC complex contributions to chromosome organization in bacteria and eukaryotes, and summarize the current mechanistic understanding of the processes.
Impacts of combined temperature and salinity stress on the endemic Arctic brown seaweed Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh
Authors: Diehl Nora , Karsten Ulf , Bischof Kai
Published: April 2020

Macroalgae such as kelp are important ecosystem engineers in the Polar Regions and potentially affected by freshening and ocean warming. The endemic Arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula might be particularly imperiled and become locally extinct from Arctic fjord systems in the future, since temperature increase is most pronounced in the Polar Regions. Additionally, increased temperatures cause glacier and sea ice melting and enhancing terrestrial run-off from snowfields, which eventually can result in hyposaline conditions in fjord systems. We conducted a multiple-stressor experiment at four temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 °C) and two salinities (SA 25, 35) to investigate the combined effects of increasing temperature and decreasing salinities on the physiological and biochemical status of young L. solidungula sporophytes. Both drivers had significant and interacting impacts, either in an additive or antagonistic way, dependent on the respective response variable. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) significantly declined with temperature increase and low salinity. Even though the absolute pigment content was not affected, the deepoxydation state of the xanthophyll cycle increased with intensified stress. Higher temperatures affected the C:N ratio significantly, mainly due to reduced nitrogen uptake, while SA 25 supported the nitrogen uptake, resulting in an attenuation of the effect. The concentration of mannitol decreased at SA 25. At control SA 35 mannitol level remained steady between 0 and 10 °C but significantly decreased at 15 °C. Conclusively, our results show that L. solidungula is very susceptible to both drivers of climate change, especially when they are combined. Implications to species ecology are discussed.
Erratum to: Stratospheric Ozone-induced Cloud Radiative Effects on Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Yongyun , Liu Jiping , Huang Yi , Xie Fei , Lin Jintai
Published: April 2020

Erratum to: Xia, Y., Y. Y. Hu, J. P. Liu, Y. Huang, F. Xie, and J. T. Lin, 2020: Stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects on Antarctic sea ice. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 37(5), 505−514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8251-6.

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Ein Metallflachbeil der Kupferzeit aus Bernstein, Burgenland
Authors: Haubner Roland , Strobl Susanne , Thurner Manuela , Herdits Hannes
Published: April 2020

Ein Kupferflachbeil des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr., welches der Kulturstufe Balaton-Lasinja zuzuordnen ist, wurde bei Bernstein im Südburgenland gefunden und untersucht.

Die RFA Analyse ergab nahezu reines Kupfer mit geringen Mengen an Pb, Ag, As und Al. Metallographisch präparierte Schliffe zeigen ein sehr gleichmäßiges Gefüge mit feinem Cu-Cu2O Eutektikum. Der O Gehalt im Metall wird auf etwa 0,2 Gew. % geschätzt. Die Oberfläche des Beils ist mit einer etwa 100 µm dicken Oxidschicht gleichmäßig bedeckt, welche innen aus Cu2O und außen aus Malachit besteht. Die Größe der einzelnen Kupferkörner ist mit 300–400 µm eher grob, wobei auch einige Zwillingskristalle vorliegen. Daher ist anzunehmen, dass nur eine schwache Verformung des Beils, z. B. durch Hämmern, erfolgte.

Aufgrund der geringen Konzentrationen an S und As kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass oxydische Erze für die Kupfergewinnung verwendet wurden.
Analytische Ermittlung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität zur Vorausberechnung von Lagerspannungen in elektrischen Maschinen
Authors: Stockbrügger Jan Ole , Ponick Bernd
Published: April 2020

Die Anzahl umrichtergespeister Antriebe steigt aufgrund der guten Regelbarkeit des Motors bei mittlerweile geringen Anschaffungskosten. Infolge der diskreten Schaltzustände der Leistungstransistoren ist der Mittelwert der drei Ausgangsspannungen eines Zweipunkt-Wechselrichters eine von Null verschiedene Gleichtaktspannung, welche als Common-Mode-Spannung bezeichnet wird. Die Gleichtaktspannung wird durch den Umrichter in die Motorwicklung eingeprägt. Über die Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität entsteht ein Abbild der Common-Mode-Spannung auf der Motorwelle, die auch an den Motorlagern anliegt und die Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Schmierfilms der Lager überschreiten und zu Durchschlägen führen kann, welche in der Beschädigung der Motorlager resultieren.

Die Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität setzt sich aus einem Nutschlitz- und einem Stirnraumanteil zusammen. In diesem Artikel wird eine analytische Bestimmung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität vorgestellt, welche neben der Geometrie des Nutschlitzes und der Geometrie des Luftspalts den Einfluss von Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Permittivitäten berücksichtigt. Die Ermittlung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität basiert auf der Berechnung des skalaren Potenzialfelds im Gebiet des Nutschlitzes und des Luftspalts.
Silicone soft socket system for the treatment of geriatric transtibial amputees
Authors: Breuer Robert , Trieb Klemens
Published: April 2020

Background

Outfitting geriatric amputees with a suitable prosthesis is a demanding task. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prostheses outfitted with a silicone suspension interface system on a large group of transtibial amputees regarding walking distance, satisfaction of use and duration of daily use.

Methods

The study included 75 mostly geriatric transtibial amputees fitted with a rigid total contact socket with a silicone interface system called an Icelandic roll-on silicone socket (ICEROSS, Ossur, Reykjavik, Iceland). At follow-up 54 patients remained for assessment. Ambulatory performance was measured by first categorizing the patients into four subgroups regarding their walking capacity: 0–50 m, 50–100 m, 100–500 m and >500 m. The alteration in patient mobility was measured at admission, discharge and follow-up. Satisfaction and duration of daily use as well as use of walking aids were collated with a standard questionnaire.

Results

Between admission and discharge, patients showed significant improvement (p = <0.001) in walking distances. The walking distance diminished again between time of discharge and follow-up (p = <0.001). The parameters satisfaction with device and duration of daily use showed no significant differences and the same applied to male and female subjects.

Conclusions

Geriatric transtibial amputees fitted with prostheses attached via a silicone suction socket system showed significant improvements in walking distances and a high rate of satisfaction with the device. There were no statistically significant gender-specific differences among users of the ICEROSS system.
Wissensaustausch beim Frühstück – „CreativeMornings“ als Treffpunkt für Kultur- und Kreativschaffende in Berlin
Authors: Müller Philip , Schneider Nico
Published: April 2020

In den letzten Jahren sind sogenannte Community Gatherings, wie Konferenzen, Messen und Branchentreffen, in den Blickpunkt von Wissenschaft, Politik und Verwaltung geraten. Diese Veranstaltungen schaffen eine institutionelle Basis für den Austausch von Wissen zwischen Akteuren, die zumeist Teil einer Community sind. Die bisherigen Studien fokussieren sich dabei vor allem auf international und national ausgerichtete Community Gatherings. Veranstaltungen mit regionaler Ausrichtung sind bisher jedoch kaum untersucht worden. Dieser Beitrag macht am Beispiel der monatlich stattfindenden Vortragsreihe von „CreativeMornings“ in Berlin deutlich, wie regionale Community Gatherings zum unternehmensübergreifenden Austausch von Wissen zwischen Kreativ- und Kulturschaffenden beitragen können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf den Berliner CreativeMornings-Treffen ein Austausch von Wissen vor allem durch die Vorträge, die im Mittelpunkt der Veranstaltungen stehen, sowie durch die Face-to-Face-Gespräche zwischen den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern stattfindet. Das Fallbeispiel zu CreativeMornings in Berlin basiert auf der Erhebung der Nutzerprofile der Berliner CreativeMornings-Mitglieder sowie auf qualitativen Interviews mit dem Organisator und Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der Veranstaltungen.
Dietary pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including date consumption
Authors: Al-Mssallem Muneera Q. , Al-Qarni Ali Ahmed , Al-Jamaan Mohammed
Published: April 2020

Aim

Assess the relationship between date palm fruit consumption and diabetic control among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Subjects and methods

Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 404, aged 55.3 ± 9.7 years) were included in this study. Height, weight and blood pressure were initially measured. Blood glucose levels (fasting and random), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were retrieved from the patient’s medical records. The amount and frequency of habitual consumption of date fruits were obtained from patients using a validated dietary questionnaire.

Results

The results revealed that high consumption of date fruits was statistically significantly correlated with lower HbA1cand fasting blood glucose (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study found an association between high date fruit consumption by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower HbA1cand fasting blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to verify this interesting finding
Prioritization of indigenous fruit tree species with domestication and commercialization potential in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nkosi Noluthando Nonjabulo , Mostert Theodorus Hendrik Cornelis , Dzikiti Sebinasi , Ntuli Nontuthuko Rosemary
Published: April 2020

Indigenous fruit tree species (IFTs) can play a crucial role in poverty alleviation and as a source of food in South Africa. Although these species contain nutrient-rich edible fruits that are also locally processed to food products such as jams and jellies, they are still underutilized and also harvested from the wild. This study aimed to prioritize in northern KwaZulu-Natal, IFTs with domestication and commercialization potential. A literature survey and focus groups were used to list tree species that produce edible fruits with this potential. Plant experts, through focus groups and reference group meetings, further ranked fruit trees using a scorecard method based on various attributes. A total of 29 prioritized IFTs was obtained, of which the Sapotaceae was the most represented family with a maximum of four species. Based on scorecard assessment, the most preferred species in descending order wereStrychnos spinosaLam.,Garcinia livingstoneiT.Anderson,Englerophytum magalismontanum(Sond.) T.D.Penn,Sclerocarya birrea(A.Rich) Hochst.,Dovyalis caffra(Hook.f. & Harv) Hook.f.,Vangueria infaustiaBurch. andBerchemia zeyheri(Sond.) Grubov.Strychnos spinosawas ranked as the first most important IFTs with a final score of 151, whereasBerchemia zeyheriwas ranked the least with the final score of 146.1. However, the final scores of all most preferred species were relatively similar to one another. The top seven species identified in this study should be considered as a baseline for future IFTs development programmes such as domestication, whereby these species are introduced to small-holder farmers and food processing industries.
Thujone, a widely debated volatile compound: What do we know about it?
Authors: Zámboriné Németh Éva , Thi Nguyen Huong
Published: April 2020

Thujone is a volatile monoterpene ketone of plant origin which is produced by several plants that are frequently used for flavoring foods and beverages. The use of thujone and thujone-containing plant parts for human consumption is currently regulated by the European Parliament and Council and the European Medicines Agency. The best known neurotoxic effects are connected to the GABA-gated chloride channel, where α-thujone is a modulator roughly two to three times as potent as the β isomer. Based primarily on in vitro experiments, genotoxicity and carcinogenic properties of thujones have also been detected in parallel with antimutagenic and immune-modulatory effects. Some of the controversial effects seem to be strongly dose-dependent. Data on antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of thujones may show new ways to use them. This review also describes the main steps of the biosynthetic route of thujones and their occurrence in the plant kingdom. The accumulation of these compounds seems to be more abundant in some plant families (e.g. Asteraceae or Cupressaceae) than in others. Four species (Artemisia absinthium, Salvia officinalis, Tanacetum vulgare, Thuja occidentalis), characterised by a large intraspecific chemical variability, have been evaluated in detail from chemotaxonomical aspects. Experimental results show that the phenotypic manifestation and quantity of thujones in the essential oils depend on the plant organ and its developmental phase. Besides, weather conditions and growth habitat might also influence the ratios, as well as the possibly unique responses of the individual species. Unfortunately, comparison and an exact evaluation of the references is hampered by very diverse methods of treatment and analysis; sometimes reliability itself seems questionable. In order to optimise the safe use of thujone-containing preparations, it would be necessary to do further systematic studies from the plant biological, toxicological and pharmaco-kinetic points of view.
Variability of E2 protein-coding sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Polish cattle
Authors: Mirosław Paweł , Polak Mirosław P.
Published: April 2020

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family and has worldwide distribution, being one of the main causes of economic losses in cattle raising. The genome of pestiviruses is a single strand of positive-sense RNA with a length of 12.3 kb, which encodes one open reading frame flanked by untranslated regions. E2 glycoprotein is required for binding to cell-surface receptors and it also contains major antigenic determinants. The nucleotide sequence coding E2 is the most variable part of the viral genome. The heterogeneity that exists among circulating strains causes problems in the development of effective vaccines and reliable diagnostics. In this study, and for the first time analysis was made of the E2 glycoprotein coding sequences of 14 Polish BVDV-1 strains which belong to four subtypes: 1b (n = 7), 1f (n = 3), 1s (n = 3), and 1r (n = 1). These sequences showed evidence of strong purifying (negative) selection. However, we also identified positively selected sites. The availability of E2 sequences of Polish BVDV strains for reference, knowledge gained through epitope prediction attempts, and information on protein glycosylation sites can afford a better understanding of host–pathogen interactions.
Good for learning, bad for motivation? A meta-analysis on the effects of computer-supported collaboration scripts
Authors: Radkowitsch Anika , Vogel Freydis , Fischer Frank
Published: April 2020

Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning has been shown to greatly enhance learning, but is often criticized for hindering learners’ agency and thus undermining learners’ motivation. Beyond that, what makes some CSCL scripts particularly effective for learning is still a conundrum. This meta-analysis synthesizes the results of 53 primary studies that experimentally compared the effect of learning with a CSCL script to unguided collaborative learning on at least one of the variables motivation, domain learning, and collaboration skills. Overall, 5616 learners enrolled in K-12, higher education, or professional development participated in the included studies. The results of a random-effects meta-analysis show that learning with CSCL scripts leads to a non-significant positive effect on motivation (Hedges’ g = 0.13), a small positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.24) on domain learning and a medium positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.72) on collaboration skills. Additionally, the meta-analysis shows how scaffolding single particular collaborative activities and scaffolding a combination of collaborative activities affects the effectiveness of CSCL scripts and that synergistic or differentiated scaffolding is hard to achieve. This meta-analysis offers the first counterevidence against the widespread criticism that CSCL scripts have negative motivational effects. Furthermore, the findings can be taken as evidence for the robustness of the positive effects on domain learning and collaboration skills.
New Team-Work – eine neue Balance von Gruppe und Führung
Authors: Scholl Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

In den Diskussionen um „New Work“ spielt (weitgehend) autonome Teamarbeit eine zentrale Rolle. Wie dabei Führung funktionieren kann, bleibt meist unklar; klar ist nur, dass eine neue Balance von Gruppe und Führung jenseits der üblichen Führungskonzepte nötig ist. Die Forschung liefert dazu seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts klare Hinweise, die hier dargelegt und mit den neuesten Führungskonzepten abgeglichen werden. Deutlich wird, dass Führung am besten flexibel von verschiedenen Teammitgliedern je nach Problem und besonderem Wissen ergriffen werden kann und dass die Nutzung der Machtgrundlagen dabei entscheidend ist.
Correction to: A Hybrid Biofuel and Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bioenergy Harvesting
Authors: Li Hu , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Luming , Jiang Dongjie , Xu Lingling , Liu Zhuo , Wu Yuxiang , Hu Kuan , Zhang Ming-Rong , Wang Jiangxue , Fan Yubo , Li Zhou
Published: April 2020

In the original publication, the authors' contribution is missing in the acknowledgment section. The correct acknowledgement is provided in this correction. Also, in Fig. 4, the second (c) after figure (d) should be read as (e). In Fig. 5 (i), the Y-axis label “Current (μA)” should be read as “Voltage”.
Range-kernel characterizations of operators which are adjoint of each other
Authors: Tarcsay Zsigmond , Sebestyén Zoltán
Published: April 2020

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair S, T of Hilbert space operators in order that they satisfy $$S^*=T$$

S
∗

=
T

and $$T^*=S$$

T
∗

=
S

. As a main result we establish an improvement of von Neumann’s classical theorem on the positive self-adjointness of $$S^*S$$

S
∗

S

for two variables. We also give some new characterizations of self-adjointness and skew-adjointness of operators, not requiring their symmetry or skew-symmetry, respectively.
Stigma Association Type and Sponsor Corporate Image: Exploring the Negative Off-field Behaviour of Sportspeople
Authors: Bloxsome Ellen , Brown Mark , Pope Nigel , Joseph Christopher
Published: April 2020

This paper examines how consumers’ exposure to news-media reports of an athlete's negative off-field behaviour influences perceptions of a sporting team's sponsor. Stigma-by-association is proposed as an explanatory theory for the manner in which this process occurs. Two experiments were conducted on samples of both students and adults. Results indicate that off-field behaviour of athletes has no influence on consumer perceptions of sponsor corporate image under conditions of simple association. In contrast, significant changes in sponsor corporate image are found under meaningful association conditions. The results provide an understanding of how consumers make differential attribution judgments of associated entities dependent on the context of off-field behaviour. The research highlights implications for sponsors seeking to maximise the effectiveness of their sponsorship objectives.
Nonfreezing Cold Injuries Among Long-Distance Polar Rowers
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Brown Emily L. , Imray Christopher H.E.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is a peripheral cold injury that occurs when the extremities are exposed to cold temperatures, at or near the freezing point, for sustained periods of time (48–96 h at temperatures of usually around 0 to 6°C with associated wind chill). Although NFCI often goes unreported and may be underdiagnosed, it is a cause of significant morbidity in those working in cold conditions, particularly those in the military. Thus, further research into the prevention, recognition, and treatment of NFCI is warranted.

Methods

The height, body weight, and body composition of 6 rowers taking part in 1 or 2 legs of the 2017 Polar Row expedition were measured. The weather conditions of the 2 legs of the journey were recorded, and symptoms relating to NFCI were documented.

Results

All incidences of NFCI occurred during Leg 2 of the expedition, which was colder and wetter. Of the Leg 2 rowers, those who developed NFCI had a trend toward higher pre-row body weight and body mass index and a trends toward losing more weight and body water relative to those who did not.

Conclusions

The main factor contributing to the incidence of NFCI appeared to be weather; NFCI only occurred during the colder and wetter leg of the expedition. We also tentatively suggest that nutrition and dehydration may be linked to the incidence of NFCI as predisposing factors. More work, with sample sizes greater than those reported here, is required to investigate these associations to further characterize risk factors.
AN UNNOTICED REFERENCE TO THE CRITO IN PLOTINUS?
Authors: Tresnie Corentin
Published: April 2020

εἰ δ' ἑκοῦσαι, τί μέμφεσθε εἰς ὃν ἑκόντες ἤλθετε διδόντος καὶ ἀπαλλάττεσθαι, εἴ τις μὴ ἀρέσκοιτο; εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τόδε τὸ πᾶν, ὡς ἐξεῖναι ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ σοφίαν ἔχειν καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὄντας βιοῦν κατ' ἐκεῖνα, πῶς οὐ μαρτυρεῖ ἐξηρτῆσθαι τῶν ἐκεῖ;

And if they descend willingly, why do you blame the cosmos that you willingly entered and that allows anyone who is not satisfied to escape from it? But if this universe is actually such that we can be in it and have wisdom and while being here live according to those intelligible principles, why wouldn't this bear witness to its dependence on those intelligible principles?

καὶ οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν τῶν νόμων ἐμποδών ἐστιν οὐδ' ἀπαγορεύει, ἐάντε τις βούληται ὑμῶν εἰς ἀποικίαν ἰέναι, εἰ μὴ ἀρέσκοιμεν ἡμεῖς τε καὶ ἡ πόλις, ἐάντε μετοικεῖν ἄλλοσέ ποι ἐλθών, ἰέναι ἐκεῖσε ὅποι ἂν βούληται, ἔχοντα τὰ αὑτοῦ. ὃς δ' ἂν ὑμῶν παραμείνῃ, ὁρῶν ὃν τρόπον ἡμεῖς τάς τε δίκας δικάζομεν καὶ τἆλλα τὴν πόλιν διοικοῦμεν, ἤδη φαμὲν τοῦτον ὡμολογηκέναι ἔργῳ ἡμῖν ἃ ἂν ἡμεῖς κελεύωμεν ποιήσειν ταῦτα.

Not one of our laws raises any obstacle or forbids him, if he is not satisfied with us or the city, if one of you wants to go and live in a colony or wants to go anywhere else, and keep his property. We say, however, that whoever of you remains, when he sees how we conduct our trials and manage the city in other ways, has in fact come to an agreement with us to obey our instructions.