bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good quality end-of life care for people with an intellectual disability: A critical interpretive synthesis protocol
Authors: Haigh Margaret , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Pavithra Pavithra , McMahon Martin
Published: November 2024

People with an intellectual disability face inequality accessing healthcare that extends to end-of-life care. Furthermore, end-of-life care for people with an intellectual disability is more complex than that for the general population. This protocol sets out how our review will explore the available evidence and identify the key characteristics of care that are required for people with an intellectual disability to have a good end-of-life experience. A critical interpretive synthesis approach will be adopted, combining some elements of a systematic review with interpretive synthesis. This approach has been selected as it allows a diverse body of literature to be considered. Furthermore, it is compatible with theory generation allowing new insights to emerge in an iterative process. Electronic databases and grey literature sources will be searched using pre-defined search terms. Following initial title and abstract screening, eligible papers will undergo full text screening. Papers that are deemed to be ‘fatally flawed’ will be excluded and remaining papers appraised for relevance. Resultant papers will be included in the sampling frame from which data extraction will occur. An existing framework outlining key factors in the provision of excellent end-of-life care to people with an intellectual disability will be used to support data extraction and synthesis. Data extracted will be integrated into a synthesising argument in the form of a theoretical framework. This will identify the key characteristics in the provision of care that are required for people with an intellectual disability to have a good end-of-life experience. The developing theoretical framework will guide further selection of relevant literature to fill any conceptual gaps until saturation is reached. Our review will add to the existing body of evidence, shedding light on the key factors necessary in the provision of care to ensure that people with an intellectual disability have a good end-of-life experience.
Examining the e-cigarette scenario based on distribution, availability, marketing, and banning: A GIS-Based qualitative study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Jamil , Rahman Quazi Maksudur , Siddique Md. Abid Bin , Wahiduzzaman Md , Kundu Lakshmi Rani , Boitchi Anika Bushra , Ahmed Ayesha , Ferdous Most. Zannatul , Anjum Afifa , Mahmud Md. Munir , Hasan Md. Maruf , Mahmud Tareq , Pramanik Md. Naim , Sinthia Meheruba Khan , Nodi Tasmin Sayeed , Hassan Md. Mahadi , Sony Soniya Akter , Mahin Noushin Rahman , Hossain Md. Mosaraf , Mahmud H. M. Miraz , Hossain Md. Shakhaoat , Sikder Md. Tajuddin
Published: November 2024

Background

Globally, over 81 million people use e-cigarettes, and the majority of them are young adults. Using e-cigarettes causes different types of adverse health effects both in adults and elderly people. Over time, using e-cigarettes has detrimental consequences on lung function, brain development and numerous other illnesses.

Methods

This study employed a mixed-methods conducted between June and September 2023, comprising two phases: Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of available e-cigarette point-of-sale (POS) locations and conducting 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with e-cigarette retailers, along with 5 key informant interviews (KIIs) involving tobacco control activists and policy experts. ArcGIS was employed for spatial analysis, creating distribution and type maps, and buffer and multi-buffer ring analyses were conducted to assess proximity to hospitals and academic institutions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics for GIS mapping and qualitative analysis for interview transcripts, utilizing a priori codebook and thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 276 POS were mapped in the entire Dhaka city. About 55 POS were found within 100m distance from academic institutions in Dhaka city, which offers the easy accessibility of young generations to e-cigarettes. The younger generation is becoming the major target for e-cigarettes because of their alluring flavors, appealing looks, and variation in flavors. Sellers have been using different marketing tactics such as postering, offering discounts and using internet marketing on social media. Moreover, they try to convince the customers by saying that e-cigarettes are ‘not harmful’ or ‘less harmful’. However, retailers were mostly taking e-cigarettes from local wholesalers or distributors. Customers buy these products both from in-store and online services. Due to the absence of laws and regulations on e-cigarettes in Bangladesh, the availability, marketing, and selling of e-cigarettes are increasing alarmingly.

Conclusion

E-cigarette retail shops are mostly surrounded by academic institutions, and it is expanding. Besides, frequent exposure, easy accessibility, and tactful promotion encourage the younger generations to consume e-cigarettes. The government should take necessary control measures on manufacturing, storage, advertising, promotion, sponsorship, marketing, distribution, sale, import, and export in order to safeguard the health and safety of young and future generations.
Neural mobilisation effects in nerve function and nerve structure of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bittencourt Juliana Valentim , Corrêa Leticia Amaral , Pagnez Maria Alice Mainenti , do Rio Jéssica Pinto Martins , Telles Gustavo Felicio , Mathieson Stephanie , Nogueira Leandro Alberto Calazans
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the effects of neural mobilisation on nerve function and nerve structure of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched without restrictions. Eligibility criteria included controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies comparing neural mobilisation versus sham, active or inactive control in adults with peripheral neuropathic pain. Primary outcomes were the change in peripheral nerve cross-sectional area. Secondary outcomes included nerve echogenicity, nerve excursion and nerve conduction. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.

Results

Eleven randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies (total sample = 722 participants) were included. Thirteen studies included participants with carpal tunnel syndrome. Two studies examined the cross-sectional area, revealing improvements (i.e., a reduction) in the cross-sectional area after the neural mobilisation. Neural mobilisation improved motor [mean difference = 2.95 (95%CI 1.67 to 4.22)] and sensory conduction velocity in short-term [mean difference = 11.74 (95%CI 7.06 to 16.43)], compared to control. Neural mobilisation did not alter distal motor or sensory latency.

Conclusion

Neural mobilisation seems to improve (i.e., a reduced) the cross-sectional area (very low-quality evidence) and sensory conduction velocity (very low-quality evidence). Neural mobilisation was superior to control in improving motor conduction velocity in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain with moderate quality evidence. Distal motor or sensory latency presented similar results compared to other interventions. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously since most studies included patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Weight loss in patients with severe obesity after bariatric surgery–the potential role of the chrono-nutrition, chronotype and the circadian misalignment: A study protocol of the ChronoWise prospective cohort
Authors: Rodrigues Joana , Magalhães Vânia , Santos Maria Paula , Reis Cátia , Pichel Fernando , Soares Paulo , Santos Jorge , Vilela Sofia
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite the potential effectiveness of bariatric surgery in promoting weight loss, a considerable proportion of patients still face the challenge of achieving optimal post-surgery outcomes. The timing of eating, in addition to the content of what is eaten, as well as chronotype and social jetlag (a marker of circadian misalignment), have been implicated in weight regulation. However, the current understanding of these chrono-related behaviours in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery is still scarce. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the role of chrono-nutrition, chronotype, and circadian misalignment in the weight-loss trajectory among individuals living with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery.

Methods

The ChronoWise project is a prospective single-centre cohort study designed to follow patients experiencing bariatric surgery at the Santo António Local Health Unit (ULSSA), Porto, Portugal. Participants will be recruited and evaluated at pre-surgery and followed-up over 3 and 6 months after surgery. The baseline evaluation will be conducted face-to-face during the hospital stay and by telephone or video call on the subsequent evaluations, following standard procedures. Data collection includes sociodemographics, food intake, chrono-nutrition behaviours, sleep time behaviour, sleep quality, screen time, physical activity and exercise behaviours, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters. The ‘Munich Chronotype Questionnaire’ will be used to assess chronotype and social jet lag. Chrono-nutrition dimensions will be measured by the ‘Chrononutrition Profile—Questionnaire’ in all evaluations. Weight and height will be self-reported and retrieved from medical registries. trajectories of weight-loss will be obtained.

Discussion

This study will add important evidence on the role of chrono-nutrition, chronotype and social jetlag profile in weight-loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. Identifying novel approaches to change the paradigm of post-surgical weight management towards a tailored treatment aligned with circadian rhythm may be useful to strengthen the existing treatments and improve patients’ response to bariatric surgery.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of IV combined small cell lung cancer: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Cai Shanshan , Yang Weichang , Luo Hongdan , Li Zhouhua , Huang Xiaotian , Li Jinbo , Ye Xiaoqun
Published: November 2024

Background

Nowadays, the characteristics and treatment of combined small-cell lung carcinoma (CSCLC) remain controversial. This study aimed to analyze the features of clinical demographics, survival outcomes and treatment modalities among IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC, to provide more evidence for the study of IV CSCLC.

Methods

All CSCLC, SCLC and NSCLC patient data were obtained from the SEER database (2010–2020). Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare the differences in clinical characteristics. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance the bias of the variables between patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. KM analysis was used to calculate survival. Adjusted analyses for the primary outcome of different treatment modalities of IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC were performed using Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 493 patients with IV CSCLC, 35503 patients with SCLC, 122807 patients with IV NSCLC were included in this study. The demographic characteristics and tumor characteristics of the three groups were different. Before PSM, there were significant differences in OS and CSS among IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC, After PSM, there was a significant difference in OS and CSS between the IV CSCLC and IV NSCLC. Risk/protective factors for OS and CSS were different in three groups. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can improve IV CSCLC’s survival time. The combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy treatment group for patients with IV CSCLC demonstrated best OS compared to control treatment groups, and the surgery combined chemotherapy treatment group exhibited the best CSS. Additionally, for select patients with stage IV CSCLC who have missed the window for surgical intervention at the time of initial diagnosis, chemoradiotherapy presents a viable and effective treatment option.

Conclusions

The clinical characteristics IV CSCLC, IV SCLC and IV NSCLC were significantly different. The prognosis for IV CSCLC is notably poorer than IV NSCLC, similar to IV SCLC. Surgery combined therapy emerged as the preferred treatment modalities and chemoradiotherapy was a good choice for patients who have lost the indication of surgery for patients diagnosed with IV CSCLC.
Reef visitors’ observation of assisted coral recovery devices in situ reduces concern about their use
Authors: Curnock Matthew I. , Arya Rhea , Chamberland Emilee , Chartrand Katherine , Edmondson John , Fisher Eric E. , Forster Rebecca , Lockie Stewart , Loder Jennifer , Nembhard Danielle , Scott Abigail , Taylor Bruce , Uusitalo Jasmina
Published: November 2024

Assisted coral recovery (ACR) initiatives are establishing rapidly in coral reefs worldwide, using a variety of devices and techniques. In the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, the Reef), site-scale ACR field trials are occurring at multiple sites in the Cairns-Port Douglas region through Reef stewardship activities involving GBR tourism operators, Traditional Owners, and not-for-profit organisations. It is hypothesised that these field trials and the presence of ACR devices at reef tourism sites do not negatively affect visitor experiences, and when accompanied by appropriate educational information, can potentially help to raise awareness of Reef stewardship and conservation efforts. We tested these hypotheses using a survey of 708 Reef visitors on five tourism vessels, 346 of whom reported observing ACR devices in situ during their coral reef experience. Ordinal regression tests of survey responses found no statistical relationship between respondents’ observation of ACR devices and (i) their overall Reef trip satisfaction, (ii) the perceived aesthetic beauty of the site(s) they visited, and (iii) their concern about the future health of the GBR. However, Reef visitors who observed ACR devices showed significantly lower levels of concern about the use of these devices on the Reef. The perceived quality of educational information presented to respondents was among the significant factors associated with their reef trip satisfaction and perceived beauty of reef sites. Our findings have implications for ACR practitioners and proponents who are concerned about public visibility, perceptions, and support for ACR initiatives, as the scale of such initiatives is expected to increase.
Staining and resin embedding of whole Daphnia magna samples for micro-CT imaging enabling 3D visualization of cells, tissues, and organs
Authors: Ngu Mee S. , Vanselow Daniel J. , Sugarman Andrew L. , Saint-Fort Rachelle A. , Zaino Carolyn R. , Yakovlev Maksim A. , Cheng Keith C. , Ang Khai C.
Published: November 2024

Micro-CT imaging is a powerful tool for generating high-resolution, isotropic, three-dimensional datasets of whole, centimeter-scale model organisms. At histological resolutions, micro-CT can be used for whole-animal qualitative and quantitative characterization of tissue and organismal structure in health and disease. The small size, global freshwater distribution, wide range of cell size and structures of micron scale, and common use of Daphnia magna in toxicological and environmental studies make it an ideal model for demonstrating the potential power of micro-CT-enabled whole-organism phenotyping. This protocol details the steps involved in D. magna samples preparation for micro-CT, including euthanasia, fixation, staining, and resin embedding. Micro-CT reconstructions of samples imaged using synchrotron micro-CT reveal histological (microanatomic) features of organ systems, tissues, and cells in the context of the entire organism at sub-micron resolution and in 3D. The enabled “3D histology” and 3D renderings can be used for morphometric analyses across cells, tissues, and organ systems.
Use of the Puccinia sorghi haustorial transcriptome to identify and characterize AvrRp1-D recognized by the maize Rp1-D resistance protein
Authors: Kim Saet-Byul , Kim Ki-Tae , In Solhee , Jaiswal Namrata , Lee Gir-Won , Jung Seungmee , Rogers Abigail , Gómez-Trejo Libia F. , Gautam Sujan , Helm Matthew , Ahn Hee-Kyung , Lee Hye-Young , Read Quentin D. , Woo Jongchan , Holan Katerina L. , Whitham Steven A. , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Choi Doil , Dean Ralph , Park Eunsook , Balint-Kurti Peter
Published: November 2024

The common rust disease of maize is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia sorghi. The maize Rp1-D allele imparts resistance against the P. sorghi IN2 isolate by initiating a defense response that includes a rapid localized programmed cell death process, the hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, to identify AvrRp1-D from P. sorghi IN2, we employed the isolation of haustoria, facilitated by a biotin-streptavidin interaction, as a powerful approach. This method proves particularly advantageous in cases where the genome information for the fungal pathogen is unavailable, enhancing our ability to explore and understand the molecular interactions between maize and P. sorghi. The haustorial transcriptome generated through this technique, in combination with bioinformatic analyses such as SignalP and TMHMM, enabled the identification of 251 candidate effectors. We ultimately identified two closely related genes, AvrRp1-D.1 and AvrRp1-D.2, which triggered an Rp1-D-dependent defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana. AvrRp1-D-induced Rp1-D-dependent HR was further confirmed in maize protoplasts. We demonstrated that AvrRp1-D.1 interacts directly and specifically with the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Rp1-D through yeast two-hybrid assay. We also provide evidence that, in the absence of Rp1-D, AvrRp1-D.1 plays a role in suppressing the plant immune response. Our research provides valuable insights into the molecular interactions driving resistance against common rust in maize.
Democracia, participação social e inovações institucionais
Authors: Bastos Pimenta Neves Laura , De Paula Duque Brasil Flávia
Published: November 2024

O artigo focaliza o Centro de Referência das Juventudes de Belo Horizonte, das demandas das juventudes por sua criação à ocupação pelos jovens em 2016 e seu funcionamento posterior. Com o suporte de desenvolvimentos teóricos da teoria democrática contemporânea, o trabalho tem por objetivo abordar as formas de participação social das juventudes que se mobilizam, irrigando inovações democráticas, dentre as quais a criação de um Comitê Gestor participativo. A metodologia envolveu levantamentos, observação participante de entrevistas semiestruturadas.
Cooperação Academia-Ativismo na Pesquisa Científica
Authors: Lopes Maycon , Vasconcelos da Silva Luis Augusto , Dourado Inês
Published: November 2024

O artigo examina des/arranjos entre acadêmicos e ativistas com base em uma pesquisa com pessoas trans, discutindo desafios para o trabalho comum com fins à produção científica. Da perspectiva de uma ecologia das práticas, a análise ilumina como a negociação entre os atores, em vez de uma etapa (preliminar) da investigação, configura-se em instância que gera continuamente as condições de possibilidade de conhecimento baseado em alianças dessa natureza. O quadro demonstra o poder dos atores, ao passo em que sugere a força da abordagem empregada, notadamente em seus desdobramentos éticos no curso da pesquisa.
The New Technology for In Vitro Culture with Induction of Nanobubbles (NBsN2 and NBsO2) in Cattleya sp.
Authors: Mustakim Moch , Mawardi Azis , Dewi Lina Purnama , Putri Nela Vede Rhofa , Rahayu Tintrim , Jayanti Gatra Ervi
Published: November 2024

The growth and development of orchids take a relatively long time, while the demand for high-quality orchids continues to increase significantly. Tissue culture is a technique of isolating plant parts in organs, tissues, and cells and then culturing these plants on artificial media in a sterile environment. Tissue culture techniques can reproduce plants in a relatively short time, with the same properties and quality, so efforts to optimize tissue culture with technology are the right solution, one of which is using nanogenerator technology that produces Nanobubbles (NBs). NBs are one of the nanotechnologies that are ?100 nm in size with induced gas needed by plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of growth and development from the induction of NBsN2 and NBsO2 in Cattleya sp. planlet in vitro culture. This research method uses in vitro culture with a Randomized Group Design. The results of the MsO treatment showed higher weight than other treatments, with a total plant weight value of 0.3550 g and a total plant height value of 1.3983 cm. Murashige-Skoog + NBsNitrogen (MsN) treatment showed higher root length than other treatments with a total value of 1.2367 cm. In the treatment of Ms, MsO, OJ and NJ, a live percentage of 83-100% was observed. The statistical test results indicate that NBs positively affect Cattleya sp. plantlets. This effect includes increasing plant weight, height, and root length and promoting new shoots growth. Additionally, nitrogen supplements play a role in colour changes, indicating the plant's health and photosynthetic efficiency. In the treatment with Induction O2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Strong Yellowish Green (141 C), while in the treatment with Induction NBsN2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Deep Yellow Green (141 B).
Detection of Antibacterial Susceptible Salmonella spp. in Cured Beef with Different Shelf-Life Expectancy
Authors: Khairunisa Mutia Asri , Retnaningrum Endah
Published: November 2024

Meat is currently one of the food products with the highest demand ever since 1980, where demand has reached 24.8 kg per year per person as of 2020. With high demand comes intensive farming which causes overuse of antimicrobials for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic reasons, allowing more antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of bacteria to occur. In the case of meat products, salmonella is considered one of the more commonly occurring bacteria found in raw meat products. However, with meat’s short shelf-life expectancy, the likeliness of consumers suffering from salmonellosis increases. Thus, preservation methods have been implemented to reduce this likeliness, primarily through curing beef. Although curing may reduce the likeliness of excessive microbial growth, AMR salmonella has been detected in cured beef samples. The scope of this research determines whether there is Salmonella spp. within the cured beef samples, conduct AMR (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone) analysis of the Salmonella spp. isolated from the cured beef samples and enumeration was conducted. The longer the shelf-life expectancy of cured beef samples, the lower the overall CFU/mL per sample was (control: 17,800,000 CFU/mL, >1 year: 0 CFU/mL). It was also discovered that Salmonella spp. has potential resistance towards ciprofloxacin (33.33% intermediate) and susceptibility towards azithromycin and ceftriaxone (100.00% sensitive). This research implies the agricultural industry and safety for consumers of cured beef products with different shelf-life expectancies.
Formulation and Evaluation of Hard Candy Preparation as an Innovative Internal Wound Medicine from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Albumin Extract
Authors: Diana Ilvid , Ardelia Elfi Abidah , Nadriani Nazilatun , Azizah Dilna , Widhyati Dea Nova , Usman Mohammad Rofik
Published: November 2024

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is another alternative source of albumin protein because it is known to contain important compounds for the human body including high protein, fat, water, and the mineral zinc (Zn). The albumin content in Snakehead fish is an important protein needed by the body and is useful for wound healing. This study aims to make preparations by modifying Snakehead fish albumin into hard candy while maintaining the albumin content. Thus, a more effective way to be consumed in accelerating wound healing was found. The treatment used is Snakehead fish albumin extract with concentrations including F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Tests were conducted physically (organoleptic test) and chemically (moisture content test, ash content test, and wound growth activity test). Formulation and evaluation of hard candy preparations of Snakehead fish albumin extract (Channa striata) can be declared successful, as evidenced by the formation of 5 successful formulations into hard candy preparations as evidenced by the results of organoleptic tests, water content tests and ash content tests that have met the standards.
Anti –Inflammatory Activity of Propolis Trigona sp. Water Extract from North Lombok with Red Blood Cell Membrane Stability Method
Authors: Humaira Ani Fatin , Aini Siti Rahmatul , Hasina Raisya
Published: November 2024

Propolis is a bee product that can be used as an anti-inflammatory. Cultivation of propolis-producing bees is also carried out in North Lombok. However, propolis has not been utilized optimally by the people of North Lombok. Apart from that, testing of North Lombok propolis is still limited to the chemical content and antioxidant activity of propolis extracted with ethanol solvent. Therefore, this study aims to determine the activity and effective concentration of North Lombok propolis water extract as an anti-inflammatory using the red blood cell membrane stability method. Groups include control groups such as positive control (diclofenac sodium), negative control (distilled water), and test groups (propolis water extract concentrations of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30%). In The first step human blood was centrifuged of human blood, and then part of the red blood cells (sediment) was taken and saline was added to obtain a red blood cell suspension. Next, mixing the test solution was carried out in the order of 0.5 ml of red blood cell suspension, then 0.5 ml of extract was added (0.1% w/v Na-diclofenac solution in the positive control, distilled water in the negative control), 1 mL of buffer solution and 2 mL of hyposaline solution, then homogenized. Each group was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes, then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was taken, and the absorbance was read with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 560 nm. Next, the percentage value of red blood cell hemolysis protection was calculated. The data obtained were tested statistically using One-way ANOVA and post-hoc (LSD) tests SPSS version 29. The results showed that propolis water extract concentrations were 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30% have anti-inflammatory activity because they can increase the stability of the red blood cell membrane with a percentage of hemolysis protection of respectively 57.92%, 59.99%, 60.99%, 61.99%, 64.31%, 69.59%, 75.07%, 79.77% and 84.45%. Propolis water extract concentrations of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25% had anti-inflammatory effects that were not significantly different from the positive control (p>0.05). The 27.5 % and 30% concentrations had a higher percent hemolysis protection value than the positive control (p<0.05).
The Effect of Paracetamol on The Development of Chicken Embryos
Authors: Saragih Hendry Tri Sakti Surya Gunawan , Primahesa Alfian , Oktaviana Shintia , Setyo Agnessia Asian Budi , Anisya Alifia , Allimi Hayu Swari , Zusrina Laili Mufli , Saribu Ruth Liananda Citra Dolok , Nuriliani Ardaning , Septriani Nur Indah
Published: November 2024

Paracetamol (N-Acetylaminophenol) is the most widely used over-the-counter drug in the world. Although considered safe for pregnant mothers, there is a concern regarding the teratogenic effect of paracetamol. This study aims to observe the teratogenic effect of paracetamol developing embryos. Using chicken embryos, the embryos were incubated for 48 hours and then injected with paracetamol in 3 concentrations, namely 10 ppm, 15 ppm, and 20 ppm. The control group and treatment group consisted of 3 replicates of fertile embryos. Then, the embryos were incubated again for 48 hours in the incubator. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by observing any developmental alterations. Results showed that paracetamol caused enlargement of the head and heart edema. Exposure to paracetamol at concentrations of 15 ppm and 20 ppm affects the morphology of chicken embryos, especially the formation of the head and disrupts the process of angiogenesis and normal heart formation, causing bleeding and edema at higher concentrations.
Analisis Bibliometrika: 4 Dekade Penelitian Cyber Weapon dalam Peperangan Modern
Authors: Hariyadi Dedy
Published: November 2024

Dibalik serangan siber terdapat metode baru dalam peperangan modern, yaitu pemanfaatan cyber weapon. Artikel ini menggunakan analisis bibliometrika untuk memetakan tren dan kesenjangan dalam studi tentang cyber warfare, dengan data yang diambil dari sistem indeks Scopus. Dokumen yang digunakan adalah daftar indeks artikel dari Scopus sebanyak 565 artikel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam publikasi terkait cyber weapon sejak tahun 2018, Amerika Serikat sebagai negara kontributor terbesar yang diikuti oleh negara-negara lain seperti India, Britania Raya, Cina, dan Korea Selatan. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga kluster utama: ancaman siber terhadap infrastruktur kritis, strategi pertahanan siber, dan peran spionase dalam serangan siber. Artikel ini juga menyoroti pentingnya pemetaan penelitian untuk mengembangkan strategi mitigasi yang lebih efektif terhadap ancaman cyber weapon dan meningkatkan kesadaran global tentang perang siber. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi peran kecerdasan buatan dalam taktik cyber weapon yang terus berkembang, serta untuk memahami dampak sosial dan ekonomi dari serangan siber.
Kata kunci: cyber warfare, cyber weapon, analisis bibliometrika, serangan siber, pertahanan siber
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Behind cyber attacks is a new method in modern warfare, namely the utilization of cyber weapons. This article uses bibliometric analysis to map trends and gaps in the study of cyber warfare, with data taken from the Scopus index system. The document used is the index list of 565 articles from Scopus. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in cyber weapon-related publications since 2018, with the United States as the main contributor, followed by countries such as India, the United Kingdom, China, and South Korea. Additionally, the research identified three main clusters: cyber threats to critical infrastructure, cyber defense strategies, and the role of espionage in cyber attacks. The article also highlights the importance of research mapping to develop more effective mitigation strategies against cyber weapon threats and raise global awareness of cyber warfare. Further research is needed to explore the role of artificial intelligence in evolving cyber weapon tactics, as well as to understand the social and economic impacts of cyber attacks.
Keywords: cyber warfare, cyber weapon, bibliometrics analysis, cyber attack, cyber defense
Catastrophes as Crime Scenes: Analysing the Legal Context
Authors: Izzo V. N.
Published: November 2024

Catastrophes are a powerful breakdown of our normative world, due to how they affect legal systems as jurisgenerative forces and the negation of law they produce at the same time. In this article I discuss the theoretical impact that the concept of catastrophe has on legal systems. To do so I focus on the strategies of response to the consequences of catastrophes enforced by the legal systems, exploring tensions between regulatory approaches and the guarantee of fundamental rights. In the second part of the article I assess the theoretical framework developed by connecting crime scenes to the idea of catastrophe. The analysis is conducted with reference to different cases such as the Bhopal disaster, the tsunami in the Indian Ocean, hurricane Katrina and a particular case of man-made and criminal catastrophe, the extensive toxic waste devastation caused by criminal organisations in the area of Naples, in Southern Italy. These cases show the links between environmental disasters, the inefficiency of law and the massive devastation of an entire area, which leads to different kinds of crime scenes from those normally evaluated, for their source, their physical extensions and for the enormous impact they had on local communities.
A Future Undreamed: The Forensic Photo Beyond the Darkroom, Case- File and Courtroom: Memory, Mediation, Museology
Authors: Williams C.
Published: November 2024

One of the fundamental laws of archives is that posterity tends to use and interpret them in ways never thought of or intended by their originators. Police archives are now providing the raw material for all manner of surprising visual projects, cultural speculations and poetic meditations on mortality, deviance and the past. Prompting extra-rational forms of engagement and ‘communion’, and provoking an array of moods and reactions that vary between nostalgia, appalled voyeuristic curiosity, compassion and spiritual empathy, these photographs have obtained an entirely different cultural potential and utility than that which was originally proposed for them. The provocative allure of the image within the forensic photography collection of the Justice & Police Museum, Sydney, will be reflected upon and made sense of in the course of the essay. This material once considered aberrant, tragic and taboo requires a response from the researcher that is thoughtful, supple and sensitized. The essay analyses various factors that intervene to modify or allay the impact of potentially distressing images on the viewer, and the layered processes of research and intervention that ultimately enable the curatorial and authorial shaping, interpretation and re-contextualization of this material so it may be encountered by museum and book audiences.
Muri di piombo
Authors: Frapiccini E.
Published: November 2024

The images and the text are two languages travelling in the same direction, but at different speeds. They are both later than the deed, the photos by thirty years, the text by only a day, but together they search out that instant.
Eva Frapiccini and ‘Muri di piombo’ - Interview by Rebecca Scott Bray
Authors: Bray R. S. , Frapiccini E.
Published: November 2024

This interview with Italian photographer Eva Frapiccini explores her research and practice for the work Muri di piombo (Walls of lead) between 2003-2006. During this time she researched homicides committed during the anni di piombo (years of lead) in Italy 1976-1982. Frapiccini photographed crime scenes in the same month and at the same time of day as the original violence, exhibiting the resulting images with press reports about the crime.
Evil angels and forensic scientists : representations of law in popular culture
Authors: Rivalland V.
Published: November 2024

Professor Chase (1986: 527) suggests law would benefit if it recognised and gave serious study to 'the impact of legal ideas conveyed through the' institutions of popular culture'. In responding to his challenge I intend to address just one aspect of law's representation in popular culture, the law/science nexus through its manifestation as forensic science. That area relates directly to the role and status of these intersecting discourses, and raises the question of whether the hierarchy of discourses which gives natural precedence to science adversely affects law. In other words, is justice a casualty in these encounters? In examining this proposition, I have selected two texts with contrasting representations of science's role in law.
Black women on the frontline of the fight for racial justice : Evelyn Williams' Inadmissible evidence
Authors: Palekar S.
Published: November 2024

Evelyn Williams's Inadmissible Evidence is an amazingly powerful and moving autobiography which charts a magnificent political, psychological, spiritual and philosophical journey. The text cannot fail to have far reaching consequences for a variety of writers and readers, as it speaks clearly and compellingly about extremely complex and painful issues like racism, sexism, discrimination, harassment and minoritisation of people, dominant legal discourses and concepts of "Justice" that often work to uphold the status quo and obliterate those already oppressed because of their race, ethnicity, poverty and gender. It is evident that Evelyn Williams's upbringing, and the love and support she receives from her parents give her the strength to face and overcome the toxic levels of racism and sexism that she encounters. She and her niece JoAnne Chesimard (later known as Assata Shakur), have been socialised from birth to believe in themselves, to believe that their opinions are important, that they have rights, that they are right, that they are a part and product of a long tradition of strong, proud Black women. Thus the autobiography highlights the importance of a strong sense of community, and the significant role that it plays in the survival and success of oppressed minorities. Evelyn Williams's and Assata Shakur's inner strength, fierce will and determination ultimately enables them to rebel against the strictures that are placed on them for their crimes of being Black and female in a White supremacist, patriarchal society. Though their rebellion is expressed in different ways - Shakur steps outside society by becoming a revolutionary, while Williams subverts the legal system from within - their common aim of Black liberation makes their bond even stronger than the blood-bond that already exists, that of aunt and niece.
Anecdotes from life
Authors: Yu O.
Published: November 2024

he is going back he has already bought a ticket
why in such a haste
because he is sick, of and in australia his girl has left him a catholic girl whose parents object to her
marrying a non-catholic oh the most beautiful girl in his factory
in his work group
another man also loves her a yugoslavian
but she prefers him you have seen him you know what a fine
young man he is
having obtained a b.a. in philosophy
taller than most of the chinese
but her parents just don't allow her to marry him
such stubborn people so backward in outlook so unenlightened
in thinking
the girl has to quit the factory to quit him
but even in china no parents can stop their girls marrying the men
they want to marry absolutely none can do that
it's incredible that such things can have happened in a country
that claims itself progressive and free
i suppose what is at work is
damned white supremacy
The promise of reconciliation
Authors: Perrin C. , Veitch S.
Published: November 2024

Bringing them home, The Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families concludes that "The Australian practice of Indigenous child removal involved both systematic racial discrimination and genocide as defined by international law" (266). This conclusion raises a number of questions that the Report takes up and contextualises with reference to a developing jurisprudence focused upon the nation's relationship to its human rights violations. In particular, for the Report, this relationship is central to current Australian debates about, and concerns with, the history of its treatment of Indigenous peoples. Knowing and remembering the violence of the nation's past, acknowledging, commemorating and so coming to terms with it, is, for the Report, a precondition of national reconciliation.
Traversing terra nullius: legal origins and Freudian fictions
Authors: Fitzpatrick P.
Published: November 2024

The editorial prospectus for this volume opens with a concision which will not be emulated here: 'Terra Nullius is the principle of violence that inheres in every origin. And, in its wake, there is no law, no text, no culture, free of that violence'. In an immediate sense, this is an invitation to counter certain pacific pretensions of law. But we may also be editorially swayed towards a more pointed pursuit. That would involve tying law to the violence of the origin - not an origin whose violence has a fIxed and forceful palpability, but an origin which is pervaded by what is null or non-existent, and an origin whose violence is constantly impelled by that very nothingness. Such a scene of the origin is one I will now visit by way of an analytical retelling of an occidental myth of violent origination. This is one of the most influential myths of modernity, not so much in its gruesome immediacy as in its psychoanalytic attenuations.
This is the grassroots Aboriginal people's address to the nation and reply to Mr Howard and the forewarning to the population of people of Australia
Authors: Bropho R. , Wanjurri-Nungala M. , Yaluritja .
Published: November 2024

We say this to the Population of people of Australia:
what is said here is what is going to happen if you go through with this 10 point Wik Plan and by that you dispossess us the Original Owners of our last bit of land, our last bit of Hope.
You must know these things because you can't see what we can see because we have lived through it for 200 years.
Let us the grassroots Aboriginal people, the Nation of Aboriginal people say unto you Mr Howard as the Prime Minister, and to Mr Minchin and Mr Fischer and to Senator Harradine and also to Mr KIm Beazley and all the Labor people and the Greens and the Democrats ...
Public Virture, 1993
Authors: Tring V.
Published: November 2024

Public Virture, 1993
stainless steel, plywood, mattress
John Austin or Jane Austen? : the province of jurisprudence determined in Pride and prejudice
Authors: MacNeil W.
Published: November 2024

It used to be a truth universally acknowledged that the novels of Jane Austen were narratives in want of context. The Napoleonic Wars, industrialisation and the French Revolution: in fact, all the great and heroic events of the period are conspicuous by their absence in the 'little bit (two Inches wide) of ivory' upon which dear Jane worked with 'so Fine a brush'. Post-colonial critics, however, have sensitised readers to the traces of context on the margins of Austen's oeuvre, and how, despite this marginality or perhaps, as the Derrideans would say, because of it - they perform an absolutely central function in terms of the novels's plotting, characterology and thematics. For example, the imperial context of Mansfield Park is the principal focus of Edward Said's celebrated reading of that text in Culture and Imperialism (1994: 95-116).
Reimagining Settler Law: Navigating the Lawscape on Wurundjeri Country
Authors: Bagnara Julian
Published: November 2024

In a time of perpetual crisis underpinned by an extractive and nomocidal settler-colonial legal system, this paper reflects what it might mean for the author, a settler living on unceded Wurundjeri Country, to reimagine their own law so that it might assist decolonial aims. Embarking on a nomos-building journey, this essay takes the form of a stroll along the Merri Creek in Narrm/Melbourne, where author and reader meander through a minor jurisprudence that builds on Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos' Lawscape, and Olivia Barr's Legal Footprints. On this walk, we highlight the possibilities for agitation and reimagination of settler law, while remaining reflective and critical of how our positionality and relationships influence these processes. On this walk, we encounter plural cultures of legality, lawfulness and lawlessness, and consider possibilities for the agitation and reimagination of law that may assist in providing spaces for the (re)centring of displaced legal words, unsettling dominant ways of thinking with law and the subjectivities that underpin them.
Colonial Goals Through Colonial Gaols: The Imperative of Indigenous Self- Centred Self-Determination for Indigenous Decarceration
Authors: Billington Lisa N
Published: November 2024

Indigenous hyperincarceration is a widely documented global phenomenon that continues to attract significant research attention. Much of this research, however, fails to accurately contextualise Indigenous imprisonment within the ongoing colonial project; instead, it frames colonisation as a historical event of only distal relevance to contemporary Indigenous incarceration levels. This article rejects this premise and scrutinises the coloniality of the modern prison. Drawing on illustrations from two case study jurisdictions, Australia and Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland), this article frames the imprisonment of Indigenous people in colonial carceral systems as an ongoing violation of the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination. Building on Fanon’s conceptualisation of ‘Self’ and ‘Other’, this article introduces the concepts of ‘Colonial Self-centred self-determination’ and ‘Indigenous Self-centred self-determination’. Colonial prisons, it argues, are part of so-called ‘justice’ systems that are imbued with the values and interests of the Colonial Self, not the Indigenous Self. Indigenous hyperincarceration in such institutions is inevitable and wholly consistent with the prison’s Colonial Self-centric episteme. Colonial gaols are repositories of colonial goals. This article concludes that addressing Indigenous hyperincarceration requires a fundamental shift in the terms upon which colonial states engage with Indigenous nations: that is, Indigenous decarceration requires Indigenous Self-centred self-determination.
For the Record - Media as Nomoi
Authors: Condello Angela
Published: November 2024

Scena. We are experiencing an explosion of recording (Ferraris 2015), which generates a proliferation of ontological and epistemological dimensions. For instance, our life here and now and our life in the datasphere (what we buy, when and why we were at the hospital, when we travel and with whom, etc.) today constitute two parallel dimensions intersecting and reciprocally defining each other (Floridi 2014). There is one Dr. AC buying milk, standing in front of a supermarket fridge on that date in that place, and there is one Dr. AC inhabiting the web through her publications, her visiting fellowships, and in the organisation of events, plus there is a patient, a mother, a daughter, etc. (the list made by John Searle is usually pretty long and contains all the functions we can have in the social world): the more that is recorded, the more can be traced back, and the more what we appear to be depends on how easily a datum can be found, iterated, re-interpreted. Technology, more than ever, is permanently producing and filling in a universal - almost infinite - archive, where information, transactions, communications (emails, telephone conversations, chats), intentions, mistakes and various other forms of human existence and traceability are contained.
Syndromes
Authors: Donnarumma Raffaele
Published: November 2024

I check my phone whenever I have a pause between two things - as if each section of time needs to be filled with doing something; and thus feeling as if just standing there, without anything particular to do, would be unacceptable, I open the screen and look. I do it in the elevator, while I wait for the bus, or for the train, or while I queue up at the airport gate before a flight; even at the gym, between one set of reps and another. On top of this, on some of these occasions the silicone earbuds of my ipod (yes, I still have my trusty ipod) isolate me as much as possible from what surrounds me. Heifetz playing Tchaikovsky, or Schubert performed by Richter or the Tallis with Plaestrina proceed to block out the noises of the traffic, of the voices, and even of the announcements that I should be listening to: in other words, the people. The exercise is the following: I hold my smartphone, I open my mail box, Whattsapp, Telegram or the text messages, that by now pretty much only my telephone company sends, and I start browsing the messages. Then, without really reading them, but after having briefly looked at the names of the senders, I start deleting them.