bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-trial imaging of spikes and synaptic potentials in single neurons in brain slices with genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor
Authors: Ghitani Nima , Bayguinov Peter O. , Ma Yihe , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: November 2014

Genetically encoded voltage sensors expand the optogenetics toolkit into the important realm of electrical recording, enabling researchers to study the dynamic activity of complex neural circuits in real time. However, these probes have thus far performed poorly when tested in intact neural circuits. Hybrid voltage sensors (hVOS) enable the imaging of voltage by harnessing the resonant energy transfer that occurs between a genetically encoded component, a membrane-tethered fluorescent protein that serves as a donor, and a small charged molecule, dipicrylamine, which serves as an acceptor. hVOS generates optical signals as a result of voltage-induced changes in donor-acceptor distance. We expressed the hVOS probe in mouse brain by in utero electroporation and in transgenic mice with a neuronal promoter. Under conditions favoring sparse labeling we could visualize single-labeled neurons. hVOS imaging reported electrically evoked fluorescence changes from individual neurons in slices from entorhinal cortex, somatosensory cortex, and hippocampus. These fluorescence signals tracked action potentials in individual neurons in a single trial with excellent temporal fidelity, producing changes that exceeded background noise by as much as 16-fold. Subthreshold synaptic potentials were detected in single trials in multiple distinct cells simultaneously. We followed signal propagation between different cells within one field of view and between dendrites and somata of the same cell. hVOS imaging thus provides a tool for high-resolution recording of electrical activity from genetically targeted cells in intact neuronal circuits.
Extension of Matched Asymptotic Method to Fractional Boundary Layers Problems
Authors: Atangana Abdon , Doungmo Goufo Emile Franc
Published: November 2014

We were concerned with the description of the boundary layers problems within the scope of fractional calculus. However, we will note that one of the main methods used to solve these problems is the matched asymptotic method. We should mention that this was not achievable via the existing fractional derivative definitions, because they do not obey the chain rule. In order to accommodate the matched asymptotic method to the scope of fractional derivative, we proposed a relatively new derivative called the beta-derivative. We presented some useful information for this operator. With the reward of this operator, we presented the idea of matched asymptotic method in finding solutions of the fractional boundary layers problems. The method was illustrated with an example.
Acute Phase Response and Neutrophils : Lymphocyte Ratio in Response to Astaxanthin in Staphylococcal Mice Mastitis Model
Authors: Dolma Tshering , Mukherjee Reena , Pati B. K. , De U. K.
Published: November 2014

The purpose of the study was to determine the immunotherapeutic effect of astaxanthin (AX) on total clinical score (TCS), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio in mice mastitis model challenged with pathogenicStaphylococcus aureus. Twenty-four lactating mice were divided in 4 equal groups: group I mice served as normal healthy control, group II, positive control, were challenged with pathogenicS. aureus, group III mice were challenged and treated with AX, and group IV were treated with amoxicillin plus sulbactum. The TCS was higher in postchallenged mice; however it was significantly higher in group II untreated mice as compared to group III and group IV mice. The neutrophil was higher and lymphocyte count was lower in group II mice at 120 hrs post challenge (PC). The CRP was positive in all the challenged group at 24 hrs PC, but it remained positive till 120 hrs PC in group II. The parameters are related to enhancement of the mammary defense and reduction of inflammation. Hence AX may be used alone or as an adjunct therapy with antibiotic for amelioration of mastitis. Development of such therapy may be useful to reduce the antibiotic burden in management of intramammary infection.
The First Molecular Characterization of Picocyanobacteria from the Argentine Sea
Authors: Perez-Cenci Macarena , Caló Gonzalo F. , Silva Ricardo I. , Negri Rubén M. , Salerno Graciela L.
Published: November 2014

Picocyanobacteria are abundant throughout the world’s oceans. Particularly, it has been reported thatSynechococcusstrains have a wide latitudinal distribution, from polar to tropical waters. However, their molecular characterization in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean is still missing. We analyzedSynechococcusgenetic diversity in a sector of the Argentine Sea, one of the richest biological areas of the world oceans.16S rRNAamplicons obtained after PCR amplification of environmental DNA extracted from water samples of this area were used for DGGE and sequenced. OnlySynechococcussequences could be retrieved. On the other hand, we isolated twoSynechococcusstrains from the environment. Our analyses revealed that the clade I group was widespread from latitude 38°S to 48°S and that can coexist with clade IV strains in shelf waters. The cooccurrence of these two clades may be related to an adaptation to high-nutrient/low-temperature waters. Our data are the first report onSynechococcusecotypes that would be important contributors to phytoplankton biomass in the Argentine Sea, one of the richest biological areas of the world oceans.
Teaching Cell Biology in Primary Schools
Authors: Carlan Francele de Abreu , Sepel Lenira Maria Nunes , Loreto Elgion Lucio Silva
Published: November 2014

Basic concepts of cell biology are essential for scientific literacy. However, because many aspects of cell theory and cell functioning are quite abstract, students experience difficulties understanding them. In this study, we investigated whether diverse teaching resources such as the use of replicas of Leeuwenhoek’s microscope, visualization of cells using an optical microscope, construction of three-dimensional cell models, and reading of a comic book about cells could mitigate the difficulties encountered when teaching cell biology to 8th-grade primary school students. The results suggest that these didactic activities improve students’ ability to learn concrete concepts about cell biology, such as the composition of living beings, growth, and cicatrization. Also, the development of skills was observed, as, for example, the notion of cell size. However, no significant improvements were observed in students’ ability to learn about abstract topics, such as the structures of subcellular organelles and their functions. These results suggest that many students in this age have not yet concluded Piaget’s concrete operational stage, indicating that the concepts required for the significant learning of abstract subjects need to be explored more thoroughly in the process of designing programs that introduce primary school students to cell biology.
Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor in Brain
Authors: Tamura Ryota , Kuroshima Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yoshiki
Published: November 2014

The incidence of brain metastases for neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is reportedly 1.5~5%, and the origin is usually pulmonary. A 77-year-old man presented to our hospital with headache and disturbance of specific skilled motor activities. Computed tomography (CT) showed a massive neoplastic lesion originating in the left temporal and parietal lobes that caused a mass edematous effect. Grossly, total resection of the tumor was achieved. Histological examination revealed much nuclear atypia and mitotic figures. Staining for CD56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin was positive, indicating NET. The MIB-1 index was 37%. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as NET. After surgery, gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed, but the origin was not seen. After discharge, CT and FDG-PET (fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography) were performed every 3 months. Two years later we have not determined the origin of the tumor. It is possible that the brain is the primary site of this NET. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this phenomenon.
Dynamic Response of Underground Circular Lining Tunnels Subjected to Incident P Waves
Authors: Xu Hua , Li Tianbin , Xu Jingsong , Wang Yingjun
Published: November 2014

Dynamic stress concentration in tunnels and underground structures during earthquakes often leads to serious structural damage. A series solution of wave equation for dynamic response of underground circular lining tunnels subjected to incident plane P waves is presented by Fourier‐Bessel series expansion method in this paper. The deformation and stress fields of the whole medium of surrounding rock and tunnel were obtained by solving the equations of seismic wave propagation in an elastic half space. Based on the assumption of a large circular arc, a series of solutions for dynamic stress were deduced by using a wave function expansion approach for a circular lining tunnel in an elastic half space rock medium subjected to incident plane P waves. Then, the dynamic response of the circular lining tunnel was obtained by solving a series of algebraic equations after imposing its boundary conditions for displacement and stress of the circular lining tunnel. The effects of different factors on circular lining rock tunnels, including incident frequency, incident angle, buried depth, rock conditions, and lining stiffness, were derived and several application examples are presented. The results may provide a good reference for studies on the dynamic response and aseismic design of tunnels and underground structures.
Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Isoalantolactone and Alantolactone in Rats after Administration Separately by Optimization of an UPLC-MS2Method
Authors: Xu Renjie , Wang Mengyue , Peng Ying , Li Xiaobo
Published: November 2014

Isoalantolactone and alantolactone are two major active ingredients that are present in many medicinal plants. In this study, a sensitive and rapid ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for determination of the two compounds in rat plasma, separately. In this method, an electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was selected for quantification using target fragment ions 233.2→187.1 for isoalantolactone (alantolactone) and 245.1→189.1 for internal standard (IS). Retention time of the lactones and IS was within 3.0 min. Further calibration suggested a linear regression can be calculated within 2.5–500 ng/mL for isoalantolactone and 4–500 ng/mL for alantolactone. This method was used to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of isoalantolactone and alantolactone at a single dose of 5 mg/kg into male Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration separately. The levels oft1/2, Kel, CL,Cmax, and AUC were significantly increased in the alantolactone group compared to isoalantolactone. These results suggested that isoalantolactone was distributed and eliminated more rapidly than alantolactone in rats when administered, respectively.
Research on Optimal Policy of Single-Period Inventory Management with Two Suppliers
Authors: Yang Baimei , Sui Lihui , Zhu Peipei
Published: November 2014

We study a single-period inventory control problem with two independent suppliers. With the first supplier, the buyer incurs a high variable cost but negligible fixed cost; with the second supplier, the buyer incurs a lower variable cost but a positive fixed cost. At the same time, the ordering quantity is limited. We develop the optimal inventory control policy when the holding and shortage cost function is convex. We also conduct some numerical experiments to explore the effects of the fixed setup costKand the ordering capacityQon the optimal control policy.
Effects of Plant Size, Temperature, and Light Intensity on Flowering ofPhalaenopsisHybrids in Mediterranean Greenhouses
Authors: Paradiso Roberta , De Pascale Stefania
Published: November 2014

Mediterranean greenhouses for cultivation ofPhalaenopsisorchids reproduce the warm, humid, and shaded environment of tropical underbrush. Heating represents the highest production cost, due to the high thermal requirements and the long unproductive phase of juvenility, in which plants attain the critical size for flowering. Our researches aimed to investigate the effect of plant size, temperature, and light intensity, during the phase of flower induction, on flowering of modern genotypes selected for Mediterranean greenhouses. Three experiments were carried out to compare (i) plant size: reduced size versus size considered optimal for flowering (hybrids “Sogo Yukidian,” “Chain Xen Diamond,” and “Pinlong”); (ii) temperature: moderate reduction of temperature versus standard thermal regime (hybrid “Premium”); (iii) light intensity: supplemental lighting versus reference light intensity (hybrid “Premium”). The premature exposure of plants to the inductive treatment delayed the beginning of flowering and reduced the flower stem quality, in all the tested hybrids. In “Premium,” the lower temperature did not affect flowering earliness and commercial quality of flower stems compared to the standard regime, whereas it promoted stem branching. In the same hybrid, supplemental lighting anticipated flowering and promoted the emission of the second stem and the stem branching, compared to the reference light regime.
Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Prior Uterine Artery Ligation at Its Origin
Authors: Poojari Vidyashree Ganesh , Bhat Vidya Vishwanath , Bhat Ravishankar
Published: November 2014

We compared the duration of surgery, blood loss, and complications between patients in whom both uterine arteries were ligated at the beginning of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and patients in whom ligation was done after cornual pedicle. Using a prospective study in a gynecologic laparoscopic center, a total of 52 women who underwent TLH from June 2013 to January 2014 were assigned into two groups. In group A, uterine arteries were ligated after the cornual pedicles as done conventionally. In group B, TLH was done by ligating both uterine arteries at the beginning of the procedure. All the other pedicles were desiccated using harmonic scalpel or bipolar diathermy. Uterus with cervix was removed vaginally or by morcellation. The indication for TLH was predominantly dysfunctional uterine bleeding and myomas in both groups. In group A, the average duration of surgery was 71 minutes, when compared to 60 minutes in group B(P<0.001). In group A, the total blood loss was 70 mL, when compared to 43#x2009;mL in group B (Pvalue < 0.001). There were no major complications in both groups. To conclude, prior uterine artery ligation at its origin during TLH reduces the blood loss and surgical duration as well as the complications during surgery.
Antifungal Activity of Decyl Gallate against Several Species of Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: de Paula e Silva Ana Carolina Alves , Costa-Orlandi Caroline Barcelos , Gullo Fernanda Patrícia , Sangalli-Leite Fernanda , de Oliveira Haroldo Cesar , Silva Julhiany de Fátima da , Scorzoni Liliana , Pitangui Nayla de Souza , Rossi Suélen Andrea , Benaducci Tatiane , Wolf Vanessa Gonçalves , Regasini Luis Octávio , Petrônio Maicon Segalla , Silva Dulce Helena Siqueira , Bolzani Vanderlan S. , Fusco-Almeida Ana Marisa , Mendes-Giannini Maria José Soares
Published: November 2014

This work aims to demonstrate that the gallic acid structure modification to the decyl gallate (G14) compound contributed to increase the antifungal activity against several species of pathogenic fungi, mainly, Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Paracoccidioides spp., and Histoplasma capsulatum, according to standardized microdilution method described by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) documents. Moreover this compound has a particularly good selectivity index value, which makes it an excellent candidate for broad‐spectrum antifungal prototype and encourages the continuation of subsequent studies for the discovery of its mechanism of action.
What Really Caused the ROKS Cheonan Warship Sinking?
Authors: Kim Hwang Su , Caresta Mauro
Published: November 2014

This paper is concerned with the sinking of the Korean naval warship (ROKS Cheonan) and the reported spectra of the seismic signals recorded at the time of the incident. The spectra of seismic signals show prominently amplitude peaks at around 8.5 Hz and its harmonics. These frequencies were explained with the vibrations of a water column due to an underwater explosion. This explanation is highly doubtful and concerns about its validity have already been raised in the scientific community. In this work an alternative explanation is presented: it is shown that the recorded seismic spectra are consistent with the natural frequencies of vibrations of a large submarine with a length of around 113 m. This finding raises the possibility that the ROKS Cheonan sunk because of the collision with a large submarine rather than the explosion of a torpedo or an underwater mine.
Alteration of Loperamide-Induced Prostate Relaxation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Lung , Chung Hsien-Hui , Chen I-Hung , Tong Yat-Ching
Published: November 2014

Objective. To investigate the change of loperamide-induced prostate relaxation in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD).Materials and Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: (1) control rats fed with normal chow and (2) rats fed with HFD for 6 months. The prostate was removed for histology study. Isolated prostate strips were hung in organ bath and precontracted with 1 μmol/L phenylephrine or 50 mmol/L KCl. The relaxation responses to loperamide 0.1 to 10 μmol/L were recorded. Western blotting analyses were performed for prostateμ-opioid receptors (MOR) and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel proteins: sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) 6.2 subunits.Results. Body weight, prostate weight, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as systolic blood pressure, were significantly increased in the HFD rats. Histology showed prostatic hyperplasia in the HFD rat prostate. Prostatic relaxation induced by loperamide was markedly reduced in HFD when compared to the control. Protein expressions of MOR, SUR, and Kir 6.2 were decreased in HFD-fed rats.Conclusion. Loperamide-induced prostate relaxation is decreased in HFD rats due to reduced MOR andKATPchannel expressions.
Design Mode Analysis of Pareto Solution Set for Decision-Making Support
Authors: Hiwa Satoru , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki , Miki Mitsunori
Published: November 2014

Decision making in engineering design problems is challenging because they have multiple and conflicting criteria and complex correlation between design parameters. This study proposes a decision-making support methodology named design mode analysis, which consists of data clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). A design mode is indicated by the eigenvector obtained by PCA and reveals the dominant design parameters in a given dataset. The proposed method is a general framework to obtain the design modes from high-dimensional and large datasets. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the conceptual design problem of the hybrid rocket engine.
Influence of Vanadium and Cast Temperature on Nitrogen Solubility of Stainless Steel
Authors: Ghali Saeed
Published: November 2014

Three stainless steel grades with different vanadium content were produced in open induction furnace. The base chemical composition of investigated stainless steel has contained 18.48–18.75% Cr, 5.17–5.62% Mn, 2.47–2.58% Mo, and 6.39–6.64% Ni. The vanadium contents of the three stainless steel grades were 0.009%, 0.112%, and 0.189%. The proposed stainless steels were casted at temperatures 1753 K and 1833 K. The nitrogen contents were determined for the produced steel grades at every cast temperature. The determined nitrogen contents were compared with those calculated from the developed equation of Grigorenko and Pomarin. The influence of cast temperature and vanadium content on nitrogen solubility was investigated. Interpretation between experimental and calculated nitrogen content was carried out. Increasing vanadium content and decreasing cast temperature were found to have positive significant effect on the nitrogen solubility. There were great deviations between experimental results and those calculated by Grigorenko and Pomarin equation.
Newly Developed Software Application for Multiple Access Process Planning
Authors: Monkova Katarina , Monka Peter
Published: November 2014

The purchase of a complex system for computer aided process planning (CAPP) can be expensive for little and some middle sized plants, sometimes an inaccessible investment, with a long recoupment period. According to this fact and the author's experience with Eastern European plants, they decided to design a new database application which is suitable for production, stock, and economic data holding as well as processing and exploitation within the manufacturing process. The application can also be used to process a plan according to the selected criteria, for technological documentation and NC program creation. It was based on the theory of a multivariant approach to computer aided plan generation. Its fundamental features, the internal mathematical structure and new code system of processed objects, were prepared by the authors. The verification of the designed information system in real practice has shown that it enables about 30% cost and production time reduction and decreases input material assortment variability.
Controllability of Singular Linear Systems by Legendre Wavelets
Authors: Yu Wenxin , He Yigang , Wu Xianming , Gao Kun
Published: November 2014

We propose a new method to design an observer and control the linear singular systems described by Legendre wavelets. The idea of the proposed approach is based on solving the generalized Sylvester equations. An example is also given to illustrate the procedure.
Uni‐Vector‐Sensor Dimensionality Reduction MUSIC Algorithm for DOA and Polarization Estimation
Authors: Wang Lanmei , Yang Le , Wang Guibao , Chen Zhihai , Zou Minggao
Published: November 2014

This paper addresses the problem of multiple signal classification‐ (MUSIC‐) based direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation and proposes a new dimensionality reduction MUSIC (DR‐MUSIC) algorithm. Uni‐vector‐sensor MUSIC algorithm provides estimation for DOA and polarization; accordingly, a four‐dimensional peak search is required, which hence incurs vast amount of computation. In the proposed DR‐MUSIC method, the signal steering vector is expressed in the product form of arrival angle function matrix and polarization function vector. The MUSIC joint spectrum is converted to the form of Rayleigh‐Ritz ratio by using the feature where the 2‐norm of polarization function vector is constant. A four‐dimensional MUSIC search reduced the dimension to two two‐dimensional searches and the amount of computation is greatly decreased. The theoretical analysis and simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Synchronizing Spatiotemporal Chaos via a Composite Disturbance Observer‐Based Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Chen Congyan , Qiu Shi
Published: November 2014

The sliding mode control schemes are investigated to synchronize two spatiotemporal chaotic systems, which are two arrays of a large number of coupled chaotic oscillators. Firstly, sliding mode manifolds with the desired performance are designed. The asymptotic convergence to the origin of the synchronization errors is also proved. However, the terms from parameter fluctuations in equivalent controls are usually impossible to be measured directly. So we regard them as lumped disturbances, but, for practical application, it is difficult to obtain the upper bound of lumped disturbances in advance which often results in a conservative sliding mode control law with large control effort, causing a large amount of chattering. To reduce the chattering and improve the performance of the system, a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbances. A composite synchronization controller that consists of a sliding mode feedback part and a feedforward compensation part based on disturbance observer is developed. The numerical simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Peritoneal Dialysis as a First versus Second Option after Previous Haemodialysis: A Very Long-Term Assessment
Authors: Barone Roberto José , Cámpora María Inés , Gimenez Nélida Susana , Ramirez Liliana , Panese Sergio Alberto , Santopietro Mónica
Published: November 2014

For renal replacement therapy, overall survival is more important than the choice of currently available individual therapy.Objectives. To compare patients and technique survival on peritoneal dialysis as first treatment (PDF) versus after previous haemodialysis (HDPD) and other indicators of follow-up.Methods. We prospectively studied 110 incident patients, during the period from August 4, 1993, to June 30, 2012, for patients and technique survival (Kaplan-Meier) (log rankP< 0.05).Results. Groups: (A) PDF: 37 patients, 24 females, age: 52.2 ± 14.9 years old, time at risk: 2123 patient-months (p/m), mean: 57 ± 42 months; (B) HDPD: 73 patients, 42 females, age: 52.45 ± 14.7 years old, time in haemodialysis: 3569.2 (p/m), range: 3–216 months, mean: 49 ± 45 months, time at risk in PD: 3700 (p/m), mean: 51 ± 49 months. Patients’ survival: (A) PDF: 100%, 76.6%, 65.6%, and 19.7%; (B) HDPD: 95.4%, 65.6%, 43%, and 43% at 12, 60, 120, and 144 months, respectively,P=0.34. Technique: (A) PDF: 100%, 90%, 59.8%, and 24%; (B) HDPD: 94%, 75%, 32%, and 32% at 12, 60, 120, and 144 months, respectively,P=0.40.Conclusions. Comparable patient and technique survival were observed. Peritoneal dialysis enables a greater extension of renal replacement therapy for patients with serious difficulties continuing with haemodialysis.
In Vitro Corrosion Studies of Surface Modified NiTi Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chembath Manju , Balaraju J. N. , Sujata M.
Published: November 2014

Electropolishing was conducted on NiTi alloy of composition 49.1 Ti-50.9 Ni at.% under potentiostatic regime at ambient temperature using perchloric acid based electrolyte for 30 sec followed by passivation treatment in an inorganic electrolyte. The corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the electropolished and passivated alloys were evaluated and compared with mechanically polished alloy. Various characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to analyze the properties of surface modified and mechanically polished alloys. Water contact angle measurements made on the passivated alloy after electropolishing showed a contact angle of 35.6°, which was about 58% lower compared to mechanically polished sample, implying more hydrophilicity. The electrochemical impedance studies showed that, for the passivated alloy, threefold increase in the barrier layer resistance was obtained when compared to electropolished alloy due to the formation of compact titanium oxide. The oxide layer thickness of the passivated samples was almost 18 times higher than electropolished samples. After 14 days immersion in Hanks’ solution, the amount of nickel released was 315 ppb which was nearly half of that obtained for mechanically polished NiTi alloy, confirming better stability of the passive layer.
A Comparison of Second-Order Calibration Methods Applied to Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Data
Authors: Chen Hui , Lin Zan , Wu Tong , Tan Chao
Published: November 2014

Due to the variety of second-order data being generated by modern instruments and various mathematical algorithms being available for analysis purposes, second-order calibration is gaining widespread acceptance by analytical community. It has the so-called second-order advantage; that is, it enables concentration and spectral profiles of sample components to be extracted even in the presence of unexpected interferences. A comprehensive performance comparison of alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and its two variants, that is, alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD) and self-weighted trilinear decomposition (SWATLD), was presented in this paper. The experiment was based on the simultaneous determination of three dihydroxybenzenes, that is, catechol, hydroquinone, and resorcinol, by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectroscopy. Two special measures, that is, the consistency (COS) between the resolved and actual profiles and the mean of recovery, were used for evaluation. The optimal result was obtained by the APTLD model with five components. No perceptible difference on the speed of convergence was found. It indicates that EEMF linked with the APTLD algorithm can serve as a potential tool of quantifying dihydroxybenzenes simultaneously in environmental samples.
Effects of Canned Pineapple Consumption on Nutritional Status, Immunomodulation, and Physical Health of Selected School Children
Authors: Cervo Mavil May C. , Llido Luisito O. , Barrios Erniel B. , Panlasigui Leonora N.
Published: November 2014

This randomized, controlled trial examined the effects of canned pineapple consumption on immunomodulation, nutritional status, and physical health of ninety-eight (98) school children with mean age of8.44±0.20. The study participants were divided into three groups: Group A (33) includes subjects who were not given canned pineapple, Group B (33) includes those who were given 140 g, and Group C (32) includes those given 280 g of canned pineapple for nine weeks. Each major group was further divided into two groups: normal (N) and underweight (U) based on 2007 WHO Growth Reference Standards. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical examination, dietary intake, hemoglobin level, and immunological data were analyzed. Results showed a decrease in incidence of viral and bacterial infections for both Group B and Group C (normal and underweight) after canned pineapple consumption. Granulocyte production increased by 0.77–26.61% for normal weight subjects and 14.95–34.55% for underweight. CD16+56 count augmented by 20.44–22.13% for normal weight and 3.57–15.89% for underweight subjects. Thus, intake of both one can (140 g) and two cans (280 g) of canned pineapple may shorten the duration and incidence of infection and may increase the production of granulocytes and CD16+56, but intake of two cans (280 g) demonstrated higher granulocyte and CD16+56 production. This trial is registered with Philippine Health Research Registry:PHRR140826-000225.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Hematite Particles in a “Nanomedusa” Morphology
Authors: Lee Jin Bae , Kim Hae Jin , Lužnik Janez , Jelen Andreja , Pajić Damir , Wencka Magdalena , Jagličić Zvonko , Meden Anton , Dolinšek Janez
Published: November 2014

We present the synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of hematite particles in a peculiar “nanomedusa” morphology. The particles were prepared from an iron‐silica complex by a hydrothermal process in a solution consisting of ethyl acetate and ethanol. The particles’ morphology, structure, and chemical composition were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. The “hairy” particles consist of a spherical‐like core of about 100 nm diameter and fibrous exterior composed of thin “legs” of 5 nm diameter grown along one preferential direction. The particles’ cores are crystalline and undergo a magnetic phase transition to a weakly ferromagnetic state at a temperature of 930 K that matches reasonably the Néel temperature of bulk hematite. However, unlike bulk hematite that undergoes Morin transition to an antiferromagnetic state around room temperature and small hematite nanoparticles that are superparamagnetic, the “nanomedusa” particles remain weakly ferromagnetic down to the lowest investigated temperature of 2 K. Each particle thus represents a nanodimensional “hairy” ferromagnet in a very broad temperature interval, extending much above the room temperature. Such high‐temperature ferromagnetic nanoparticles are not frequently found among the nanomaterials.
Fecal Transplantation Treatment of Antibiotic-Induced, Noninfectious Colitis and Long-Term Microbiota Follow-Up
Authors: Satokari Reetta , Fuentes Susana , Mattila Eero , Jalanka Jonna , de Vos Willem M. , Arkkila Perttu
Published: November 2014

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) and is considered as a treatment for other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. We followed up the relief of symptoms and long-term, over-a-year microbiota stabilization in a 46-year-old man, who underwent FMT for antibiotic-induced, non-CDI colitis nine months after being treated for CDI by FMT. Fecal and mucosal microbiota was analyzed before the second FMT and during 14 months after FMT by using a high-throughput phylogenetic microarray. FMT resolved the symptoms and restored normal GI-function. Microbiota analysis revealed increased bacterial diversity in the rectal mucosa and a stable fecal microbiota up to three months after FMT. A number of mucosa-associated bacteria increased after FMT and some of these bacteria remained increased in feces up to 14 months. Notably, the increased bacteria includedBifidobacteriumspp. and various representatives ofClostridiumclusters IV and XIVa, such asClostridium leptum,Oscillospira guillermondii,Sporobacter termitidis,Anaerotruncus colihominis,Ruminococcus callidus,R. bromii,Lachnospira pectinoschiza, andC. colinum, which are presumed to be anti-inflammatory. The presented case suggests a possible role of microbiota in restoring and maintaining normal GI-functionality and improves our knowledge on the etiology of antibiotic-induced, noninfectious colitis.
Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Freely Oscillating Cylinders in Water Flow
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu YingZheng , Cao ZhaoMin
Published: November 2014

A concept of energy harvesting from vortex‐induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached is investigated. The variations of the power levels with the free stream velocity are determined. A mathematical approach including the coupled cylinder motion and harvested voltage is presented. The effects of the load resistance, piezoelectric materials, and circuit combined on the natural frequency and damping of the vibratory system are determined by performing a linear analysis. The dynamic response of the cylinder and harvested energy are investigated. The results show that the harvested level in SS and SP&PS modes is the same with different values of load resistance. For four different system parameters, the results show that the bigger size of cylinder with PZT beams can obtain the higher harvested power.
Increased miR-155 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients Was Correlated with Serum Cytokine Profiles
Authors: Qian Bao-Hua , Ye Xin , Zhang Lei , Sun Yi , Zhang Jian-Rong , Gu Ming-Li , Qin Qin , Chen Jie , Deng An-Mei
Published: November 2014

We investigated the possible pathogenic role of a microRNA (miR-155) in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We used quantitative real-time PCR to determine the relative expression of miR-155 and SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 28 ITP patients and 28 healthy controls. Cytokine plasma levels were determined by ELISA. Possible associations between miR-155 levels and serum cytokine concentrations were assessed using Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis. Seven naive ITP patients were followed and the effects of medical treatment on miR-155 levels were assessed. Compared to healthy controls, ITP patients had increased miR-155 and decreased SOCS1 mRNA levels. ITP patients also had increased plasma IL-17A and decreased IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels. miR-155 levels were negatively correlated with platelet counts, SOCS1 mRNA levels, and the plasma levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1, but positively correlated with plasma IL-17A levels. Medical treatment for ITP decreased miR-155 levels. Thus, our results suggest that miR-155 might be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP by regulating cytokine profiles, which may be mediated by miR-155 targeting SOCS1. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Helicobacter pylori Inhibits Dendritic Cell Maturation via Interleukin-10-Mediated Activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway
Authors: Rizzuti David , Ang Michelle , Sokollik Christiane , Wu Ted , Abdullah Majd , Greenfield Laura , Fattouh Ramzi , Reardon Colin , Tang Michael , Diao Jun , Schindler Christian , Cattral Mark , Jones Nicola L.
Published: November 2014

Helicobacter pylori infects the human gastric mucosa causing a chronic infection that is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer development. Recent studies demonstrate that H. pylori promotes tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) development indicating that this bacterium evades the host immune response. However, the signaling pathways involved in modulating DC activation during infection remain unclear. Here, we report that H. pylori infection activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and splenic DCs isolated ex vivo. Isogenic cagA-, cagE-, vacA- and urease-mutants exhibited levels of phosphoSTAT3 that were comparable to in the wild-type (WT) parent strain. H. pylori-infected BMDCs produced increased immunosuppressive IL-10, which activated STAT3 in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Neutralization of IL-10 prevented H. pylori-mediated STAT3 activation in both BMDCs and splenic DCs. In addition, anti-IL-10 treatment of infected H. pylori-BMDCs was associated with increased CD86 and MHC II expression and enhanced proinflammatory IL-1β cytokine secretion. Finally, increased CD86 and MHC II expression was detected in H. pylori-infected STAT3 knockout DCs when compared to WT controls. Together, these results demonstrate that H. pylori infection induces IL-10 secretion in DCs, which activates STAT3, thereby modulating DC maturation and reducing IL-1β secretion. These findings identify a host molecular mechanism by which H. pylori can manipulate the innate immune response to potentially favor chronic infection and promote carcinogenesis.
Appendiceal Abscesses Reduced in Size by Drainage of Pus from the Appendiceal Orifice during Colonoscopy: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Kobayashi Shinjiro , Makizumi Ryoji , Nakahara Kazunari , Tsukikawa Satoshi , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Otsubo Takehito
Published: November 2014

Interval appendectomy (IA) for appendiceal abscesses is useful for avoiding extended surgery and preventing postoperative complications. However, IA has problems in that it takes time before an abscess is reduced in size in some cases and in that elective surgery may result in a delay in treatment in patients with a malignant tumor of the appendix. In order to rule out malignancy, we performed colonoscopy on three patients with an appendiceal abscess that did not decrease in size 5 or more days after IA. After malignancy had been ruled out by examination of the area of the appendiceal orifice, the appendiceal orifice was compressed with a colonoscope, and a catheter was inserted through the orifice. Then, drainage of pus was observed from the appendiceal orifice into the cecal lumen. Computed tomography performed 3 days after colonoscopy revealed a marked reduction in abscess size in all patients. No endoscopy-related complication was noted. Colonoscopy in patients with an appendiceal abscess may not only differentiate malignant tumors, but also accelerate reduction in abscess size.
Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of the genus Dinotrema Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae)
Authors: PERIS-FELIPO FRANCISCO JAVIER , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , JIMÉNEZ-PEYDRÓ RICARDO
Published: November 2014

The first comprehensive revision of the Western Palaearctic species of the genus Dinotrema Foerster, 1862 is provided. 174 species of this genus are redescribed and illustrated. Ten species are described as new, viz, D. acompressum sp. nov., D. cahitum sp. nov., D. collybiae sp. nov., D. digitatum sp. nov., D. glabrideum sp. nov., D. helote sp. nov., D. lepiotae sp. nov., D. norwegicum sp. nov., D. oxybellum sp. nov. and D. torpi sp. nov. The following new combinations are suggested: Dinotrema adventum (Fischer), comb. nov., D. aurelianum (Fischer), comb. nov., D. cetiusmonte (Fischer), comb. nov., D. converginerve (Fischer), comb. nov., D. intermissum (Fischer), comb. nov., D. leptocorne (Fischer), comb. nov., D. longicarinatum (Fischer), comb. nov., and D. thurnense (Fischer), comb. nov. The following names are synonymised: Dinotrema naeviformis (Fischer) with D. costulatum (Thomson), Dinotrema aequale Tobias with D. tarbagataicum Tobias, D. alua (Stelfox et Graham) with D. tauricum (Telenga), D. isometricum (Fischer) with D. cruciatum (Fischer), D. isosoma (Fischer) with D. cruciforme (Fischer), and D. ovalisignum (Fischer) with D. catharinae (Fischer) (syn. nov.). A key to all Western Palaearctic species of Dinotrema is provided for the first time.
Antarctic Ocean and Sea Ice Response to Ozone Depletion: A Two-Time-Scale Problem
Authors: Ferreira David , Marshall John , Bitz Cecilia M. , Solomon Susan , Plumb Alan
Published: November 2014

The response of the Southern Ocean to a repeating seasonal cycle of ozone loss is studied in two coupled climate models and is found to comprise both fast and slow processes. The fast response is similar to the interannual signature of the southern annular mode (SAM) on sea surface temperature (SST), onto which the ozone hole forcing projects in the summer. It comprises enhanced northward Ekman drift, inducing negative summertime SST anomalies around Antarctica, earlier sea ice freeze-up the following winter, and northward expansion of the sea ice edge year-round. The enhanced northward Ekman drift, however, results in upwelling of warm waters from below the mixed layer in the region of seasonal sea ice. With sustained bursts of westerly winds induced by ozone hole depletion, this warming from below eventually dominates over the cooling from anomalous Ekman drift. The resulting slow time-scale response (years to decades) leads to warming of SSTs around Antarctica and ultimately a reduction in sea ice cover year-round. This two-time-scale behavior—rapid cooling followed by slow but persistent warming—is found in the two coupled models analyzed: one with an idealized geometry and the other with a complex global climate model with realistic geometry. Processes that control the time scale of the transition from cooling to warming and their uncertainties are described. Finally the implications of these results are discussed for rationalizing previous studies of the effect of the ozone hole on SST and sea ice extent.
Trust Radius versus Trust Level
Authors: van Hoorn André
Published: November 2014

In their October 2011 ASR article, “How General Is Trust in ‘Most People’? Solving the Radius of Trust Problem,” Delhey, Newton, and Welzel pioneer the measurement of trust radius, defined as the width of the circle of people among whom a certain trust level exists. One key finding of their study is that trust radius correlates so strongly with out-group trust level that the two are essentially identical constructs; this clashes with standard theory’s finding that trust level and trust radius are distinct trust constructs. This result proves to be erroneous, however, due to a mistaken label. I seek to correct this labeling error and find that trust radius is, in fact, a separate trust construct. Trust radius differs from established trust level constructs such as level of trust in most people and level of out-group trust, not only theoretically but empirically as well.
Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Doan Long , Loehr Annalise , Miller Lisa R.
Published: November 2014

Attitudes toward gay rights have liberalized over the past few decades, but scholars know less about the extent to which individuals in the United States exhibit subtle forms of prejudice toward lesbians and gays. To help address this issue, we offer a conceptualization of formal rights and informal privileges. Using original data from a nationally representative survey experiment, we examine whether people distinguish between formal rights (e.g., partnership benefits) and informal privileges (e.g., public displays of affection) in their attitudes toward same-sex couples. Results show that heterosexuals are as willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples as they are to unmarried heterosexual couples. However, they are less willing to grant informal privileges. Lesbians and gays are more willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples, but they too are sometimes more supportive of informal privileges for heterosexual couples. We also find that heterosexuals’ attitudes toward marriage more closely align with their attitudes toward informal privileges than formal rights, whereas lesbians and gays view marriage similarly to both formal rights and informal privileges. Our findings highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of sexual prejudice to help understand how informal types of prejudice persist as minority groups receive formal rights.
Mechanical properties of C–SiC composite materials fabricated by the Si–Cr alloy melt-infiltration method
Authors: Kim Seyoung , Han In Sub , Seong Young-Hoon , Kim Do Kyung
Published: November 2014

Although carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites fabricated using the liquid silicon infiltration method exhibit high thermal and oxidation resistances, their physical characteristics are limited because of the presence of unreacted, free Si within the materials. To resolve this problem, ingots prepared by alloying Cr with Si in ratios of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 at% were melted and made to infiltrate the composite, resulting in the formation of CrSi2 in the unreacted, free Si region without degrading the composite’s properties. The CrSi2 in the composite material reduced the amount of free Si and caused minimal variation in the flexural strength while significantly improving the fracture toughness of the composite. The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that the improvement in the fracture toughness was due to the presence of an amorphous interlayer between the Si and CrSi2 phases, as well as because of a stress field surrounding the CrSi2 phase.
Sexual Orientation, Internal Migration, and Mental Health during the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Ueno Koji , Vaghela Preeti , Ritter Lacey J.
Published: November 2014

Previous research has suggested that sexual minorities may have higher rates of migration than heterosexuals, indicating their effort to escape stigma in the currently residing areas. However, direct evidence for the migration pattern has been lacking, and mental health implications of such coping effort have been unclear. This study seeks to fill these gaps in the literature by analyzing the Add Health data, which include longitudinal measures of residential locations, sexual orientation, and mental health. The analysis focuses on the transition to adulthood, when the rate of internal migration peaks. Among women, sexual minorities have a higher rate of migration than heterosexuals, but men do not show such a difference. Sexual minorities show better mental health when they migrate to counties with higher proportions of people living in urban areas whereas heterosexuals do not show such an association. Among sexual minority men, migration to counties with higher population density and higher proportions of college-educated residents is also linked to better mental health.