bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento do conceito de um sistema automatizado para plantio e adubação de mudas de palmeiras
Authors: Moura Cassiano Rodrigues , Valentina Luiz Veriano Oliveira Dalla , Gesser Alexandre , Nunes Cristiane Ceratti , Schmidt Claudio Ivair , Cantovickr Marcos Roberto
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho utiliza a metodologia de Desenvolvimento de Produto na criação da concepção de um equipamento, voltado à agricultura familiar, para mecanizar o processo de plantio de mudas de palmeiras. A metodologia aplicada neste trabalho caracteriza-se por meio de pesquisa tecnológica, que busca a geração de novos produtos, a mesma inicia-se com a análise do processo de plantio, onde é realizada a avaliação do problema e um levantamento das demandas dos clientes. Na sequencia é aplicado o Projeto Informacional onde são levantadas as informações sobre as necessidades dos produtores através de pesquisa de mercado, nesta fase as informações são estruturadas com auxílio da matriz QFD. Posteriormente é realizado o Projeto Conceitual onde a visão do mercado é transformada em um conceito tecnologicamente atrativo, nesta etapa é realizada a modelagem funcional do processo, a pesquisa pelos princípios de solução e a seleção de uma alternativa de concepção tecnicamente viável. Por fim  é realizado o Projeto preliminar onde é apresentado o croqui do produto seguido de uma análise das possíveis falhas através do FMEA, onde se identificou pontos críticos nas funções de inserção e adubo e controle de mudas. O conceito proposto se mostrou viavél e adequado às necessidades dos produtores, uma vez que o equipamento possui baixo custo, pequeno porte e boas características de transportabilidade, além de ter sido desenvolvido com características modulares, o que facilita a sua aquisição e transporte.
Estudo de tempos e documentação dos padrões de um processo produtivo de rações
Authors: Kuroda Braulio Dal’Ri , Gasques Ana Carla Fernandes , Gomes Pedro Fernandes de Oliveira , Cotrim Syntia Lemos
Published: July 2018

A melhoria e o controle do fluxo dos processos produtivos são de fundamental importância para as organizações a fim de reduzir desperdícios, garantir a qualidade de seus produtos finais bem como possibilitar uma resposta rápida às alterações observadas no mercado, garantindo competitividade estratégica. Entretanto, grande parte das organizações, desde as pequenas até as grandes, falha em focar apenas em melhorias e fazendo mal-uso dos padrões estabelecidos ou ainda nem possuem padrões para seus processos. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo de tempos e documentar os padrões de um processo produtivo de rações, utilizando a ferramenta folha de processos, em uma fábrica de rações e minerais de pequeno porte, localizada na cidade de Santa Fé do Sul – SP. Para tal, a presente pesquisa possui a natureza de pesquisa aplicada, pois será realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com objetivo de gerar conhecimentos, os quais em seguida serão aplicados. Com a elaboração do documento padrão base do processo produtivo foi possível realizar um registro do conhecimento dos funcionários, possibilitar a mensuração de possíveis melhorias nos processos e facilitar o treinamento de novos funcionários.
Gestão e tecnologia em engenhos produtores de cachaça no brejo da Paraíba-Brasil
Authors: Martins Maria de Fatima , Silva Nicole Cavalcanti , Ouriques Raquel Andrade De Barros , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: July 2018

Os Engenhos do Brejo Paraibano destacam-se na produção da cachaça de alambique. Nesses termos, o estudo objetiva analisar a gestão e tecnologias utilizadas pelas empresas produtoras de cachaça no brejo da Paraíba, a partir da agenda estratégica do setor 2010-2015. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e quali-quantitativa. O universo constituído pelos 12 Engenhos ativos dos Municípios de Areia, Alagoa Nova e Alagoa Grande, com uma amostra de 10 empresas. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista com proprietários/responsáveis pelos engenhos, a partir de formulário elaborado com base na Agenda Estratégica para o Setor de Cachaça 2010–2015 definida pelo MAPA (2011). Os resultados evidenciam que a gestão da qualidade é uma prioridade dos engenhos e que a incorporação de tecnologias e inovações fazem parte das perspectivas futuras das empresas, destacando-se a ausência de investimentos em P&D, bem como a falta de cooperativismo e parcerias como entraves para o crescimento do setor.
Addressing the Gag Reflex: A Literature Review
Authors: Pisulkar Sweta K , Agrawal Ruchi , Godbole Surekha R , Jadhav Vivek
Published: July 2018

Gagging is an involuntary protective reflex. Some patients have an extremely low threshold for the gag reflex. A severe gag reflex can be a big obstacle in certain dental procedures especially during the making of a maxillary impression. Many dental patients avoid going to the dentist because of an abnormally severe gag reflex. Treating such group of patients can be stressful and a time-consuming experience, both for the dentist and for the patient. The main aim of this article is to understand the etiology and effective management of such patients for a stress-free and fruitful clinical practice.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy logic and multi-criteria evaluation techniques in the city of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Salcedo Daniela , Padilla Almeida Oswaldo , Morales Byron , Toulkeridis Theofilos
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Landslides are the most recurrent natural hazards in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), affecting sometimes lives but extremely frequently and severely the traffic and associated infrastructure. The present research proposes the calculation of the landslide susceptibility cartographic model in the city of Quito and its main highway, the Simón Bolívar avenue, using the Fuzzy logic and multicriteria evaluation techniques in geographic information systems (GIS). Based on the Today and the past son key to the future principle, landslides have been located using aerial photographs and field work. Based on the characteristics of historical landslides, photointerpreted and previous studies, the causal factors have been variable such as topography, structural geology, lithology, precipitation, water network, vegetation cover, among others. Each factor has been processed, analyzed and standardized according to its relationship to the occurrence of landslides, by means of a sinusoidal linked function that assigns to each element a degree of correlation [0, 1] to the diffuse set. The landslide vulnerability map has been obtained from the combination of causal factors by map algebra, such as weighting techniques that include the hierarchical analysis process (HAP) and the weighted linear line (WLL), whose validation considered the locations of inventoried landslides. According to the susceptibility map, 5 % of the direct study area has critical, 19 % high, 58 % average and 18 % low sensitivity. The quality of the results has been validated according to their standard error and adjustment value, being 0.216 and 78.4 %, respectively.
A importância do contexto na Ciência da Informação
Authors: Foresti Fabricio , Varvakis Gregório , Godoy Viera Angel Freddy
Published: July 2018

Objetivo. Mostrar a importância do contexto nos estudos sobre informação.Método. Pesquisa bibliográfica nas Bases Brapci e Scopus de artigos revisados por pares com o termo contexto no título. Utilizando como referência central o conceito de mecanismos de desencaixe de Anthony Giddens, o presente estudo explora a questão do contexto e aponta os mecanismos de desarticulação de contexto no âmbito da Ciência da Informação.Resultados. Os resultados mostram que a informação e o conhecimento também se constituem em instrumentos de desarticulação do contexto.Conclusões. que é fundamental contemplar o contexto em qualquer estudo de informação e que as reflexões acerca da importância do contexto e da identificação dos instrumentos de desarticulação do contexto em Ciência da Informação podem contribuir com o entendimento acerca dos problemas pós-modernos relacionados à informação e conhecimento.
Índices para obras de referência: o caso da Bibliografia Filatélica Brasileira (BIFIBRA)
Authors: Salcedo Diego Andres , Feitosa Kézia de Lira
Published: July 2018

Indica os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida no ambiente do Grupo Imago, vinculado ao Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. O grupo está cadastrado e certificado no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Teve  como objetivo refletir, elaborar e aplicar índices para uma obra de referência intitulada ‘Bibliofilatelia: fontes de informação para o estudo filatélico e postal’. Essa obra constitui parte da Bibliografia Filatélica Brasileira que, por sua vez, integra o projeto do Repositório Filatélico Brasileiro. De natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizou como procedimento metodológico a identificação, recuperação e leitura de bibliografia especializada, por meio da Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação. Identificou escassez de literatura científica sobre o assunto da pesquisa.  Apresenta, como conclusão da pesquisa, um grupo de três índices: onomástico, cronológico e por assunto e colabora, no cenário nacional, com o debate sobre o papel do bibliotecário na elaboração de índices.
Prospecção de cenários futuros: estudo aplicado a biblioteca virtual Paul Otlet
Authors: Silva Segundo Sanderli José da , Araújo Wagner Junqueira de , Dias Guilherme Ataíde
Published: July 2018

Objetivo. Este trabalho discorre sobre a atuação de uma Biblioteca Virtual hospedada no Second Life e sobre esta plataforma de realidade virtual não imersiva e sua perpesctivas futuras. Apresenta levantamento sobre estudos que demonstram aplicabilidade da realidade virtual em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Discute divergências e convergências sobre o tema “bibliotecas virtuais” com base na literatura científica brasileira publicada entre 2010 e 2015. Tendo como ponte de partida a literatura sobre o tema, o estudo prospecta três possíveis cenários futuros para a Biblioteca Virtual Paul Otlet.Método. Utilizou-se o método de prospecção de cenários futuros, desenvolvido por Michel Godet, em cinco etapas: identificação do problema, diagnóstico da organização, identificação de variáveis e atores internos e externos, identificação das influências e dependências diretas entre variáveis e atores e elaboração de três cenários prováveis.Resultados. Como resultado a pesquisa verificou que a formação acadêmica  do profissional da informação é determinante na construção de um cenário favorável ou desfavorável às bibliotecas virtuais no Brasil.Conclusões. A escassez de profissionais treinados em ambientes virtuais, interfere na percepção da relevância desse tipo de biblioteca, fundamentalmente tecnológica, e isso reflete em seus serviçoes e potenciais usuários.
La biblioteca universitaria y su rol en los procesos de investigación: una mirada desde los servicios de información con enfoque bibliométrico en Colombia
Authors: Arciniegas Tinjacá Eliana Camila , Gómez Gutiérrez Yury Marcela , Gregorio-Chaviano Orlando
Published: July 2018

Objetivo. A partir de la necesidad de innovar en los servicios de información que prestan en la actualidad las bibliotecas universitarias y en búsqueda del desarrollo de los servicios brindados por el Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad de los Andes, Colombia, se muestra el funcionamiento básico de una Unidad Bibliométrica, tomando como caso de estudio uno de sus departamentos.   Método. Con base en la producción científica del Departamento de Física de la Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia, registrada en Web of Science (WoS), se realiza un tratamiento de la información, utilizando como metodología la teoría de unidad bibliométrica planteada en la bibliografía revisada, la cual está constituida por las fases: control de fuentes, comunicación y difusión de resultados,  y   la capacitación.Resultados. La unidad bibliométrica como posible solución a las necesidades de apoyo a la investigación que debe brindar la biblioteca universitaria en la actualidad, permite tener un acercamiento integral frente a las dinámicas de la producción, evaluación y comunicación de la ciencia.Conclusiones: La biblioteca actualmente asume un papel protagónico dentro de las universidades. Los servicios ofrecidos desde la Unidad Bibliométrica posibilitaron, además del apoyo a los procesos de investigación, ganar reconocimiento y visibilidad en la comunidad científica, así como el aumento del uso de los servicios y especialmente las solicitudes de asesoría para la investigación.
Incidencia de la Iglesia Luterana en las migraciones y el desplazamiento forzoso
Authors: Rodríguez Blanca Irma
Published: July 2018

Este artículo expone el trabajo de la ILS en el tema migratorio, pero además analiza el fenómeno de la migración desde sus orígenes hasta su repercusión en el desarrollo de El Salvador; y sostiene que las migraciones se producen diferentes repuntes debido a los múltiples fenómenos naturales que provocan tragedias por el alto nivel de vulnerabilidad de la población. Unas veces son provocados por terremotos, otras por temporales o por las sequías. Pero en los últimos años lo que ha elevado el número de migraciones es el alto índice de violencia. Muchas familias se ven afectadas de diversas maneras, y la única forma que encuentran para salvaguardar su vida y la de sus seres queridos es huir del país.Entorno, diciembre 2015, número 60: 32-36
A generic fuel moisture content attenuation factor for fire spread rate empirical models
Authors: Rossa Carlos G.
Published: July 2018

Aim of study: To develop a fuel moisture content (FMC) attenuation factor for empirical forest fire spread rate (ROS) models in general fire propagation conditions.Methods: The development builds on the assumption that the main FMC-damping effect is a function of fuel ignition energy needs.Main results: The generic FMC attenuation factor was successfully used to derive ROS models from laboratory tests (n = 282) of fire spread in no-wind and no-slope, slope-, and wind-aided conditions. The ability to incorporate the FMC attenuation factor in existing field-based ROS models for shrubland fires and grassland wildfires (n = 123) was also positively assessed.Research highlights: Establishing a priori the FMC-effect in field fires benefits the proper assessment of the remaining variables influence, which is normally eluded by heterogeneity in fuel bed properties and correlated fuel descriptors.
Photo Nitroxide-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Hindered Amine-Supported Methacrylate
Authors: Yoshida Eri
Published: July 2018

With the aim of obtaining giant polymer vesicles supporting a hindered amine that is converted into a redox catalyst on the vesicle shells, the living nature of the photo nitroxide-mediated living radical polymerization (photo NMP) of a monomer containing a hindered amine and the formation of the vesicles consisting of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer by the polymerization-induced self-assembly were investigated. The photo NMP of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate (TPMA) was performed in methanol using 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (MTEMPO) as the mediator, 2,2’-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] (V-61) as the initiator, and (4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate as the accelerator by UV irradiation at room temperature. The first-order time-conversion plots had an induction period in which the MTEMPO molecules were captured by the initiator radicals and the monomer radicals generated by the initiation. It was confirmed that the polymerization proceeded by a living mechanism based on linear correlations of the molecular weight of the poly(TPMA) (PTPMA) versus the monomer conversion and the reciprocal of the initial concentration of V-61. Based on the livingness of the polymerization, the photo NMP-induced self-assembly for the block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using the PTPMA end-capped with MTEMPO was carried out in methanol to produce microsized giant spherical vesicles consisting of the amphiphilic PTPMA-block-poly(MMA) diblock copolymer. A differential scanning calorimetry study demonstrated that the vesicles had a single bilayer structure.
Recent Advances in Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Dhamaniya Sunil , Gupta Virendrakumar , Kakatkar Rucha
Published: July 2018

Biodegradable polymers are important as an alternative to conventional non-degradable polymers for sustainable eco-system. The recent trends indicate that the new developments in biodegradable polymers focus on novel polymer systems that can cater the need of biomedical and packaging applications in-terms of performance and economics. The new interest is rapidly moving toward reducing carbon footprint through utilization of carbon dioxide and developing new methods of manufacturing such as 3D printing for specific purposes. This review focus on the present state-of-art and recent developments in biodegradable polymers covering their sources, synthetic methodologies, salient properties, degradation patterns, polymer blends and nanocomposites. As well as biodegradable polymers as a 3D printing material and the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable raw material for biomedical and packaging applications.
Las estrategias publicitarias de los anunciantes españoles en los Social Media. El caso de Facebook
Authors: Abuín Vences Natalia
Published: July 2018

In this paper the strategies of Spanish advertisers in social networks are analysed. The objective is to learn about the type of areas these advertisers have created on the network, their commercial objectives and if they offer value-add services to their followers. The social network, Facebook, was selected because it has the highest numbers of users globally (more than nine hundred million according to the latest figures) and a contents analysis was carried out of the microsites of the Spanish advertisers with the biggest online spend: Telefónica, Vodafone, El Corte Inglés, Renault and Orange. The results show that the big advertisers are betting on social media and the success of their strategies in this media lies in the value-add services and exclusive promotions offered to their microsite users.
Modelo de innovación abierta en redes sociales. La contribución del consumidor en el desarrollo de nuevos productos (NPD) en el sector de los snacks en España
Authors: Iglesias Sánchez Patricia P. , Jambrino Maldonado Carmen , de las Heras Pedrosa Carlos
Published: July 2018

The objective of the study is to explain the settings of participative collaboration of the consumers in the development of new products through the use of social networks. Its aim is to analyse the level of use of the social networks as a potential tool to implement a model that guides the management of the consumer participation and is also capable of activating it (Von Hippel: 2007). The research does not intend to admit the positive effect of implementing that collaboration, or even to understand it (Lagrosen: 2005) but to help companies take it into consideration and apply it on their decision taking (Authane-Gima: 2001). In this case, we are focusing on the social networks because they have currently become a TIC tool with an interactive capacity whose main protagonist is the consumer itself. All of the above is analysed in the context of the Spanish national snack sector.
En la cima del patrocinio deportivo. Análisis de un caso con altas cotas de éxito en el nuevo contexto digital
Authors: Cabezuelo Lorenzo Francisco , Gonzálvez Vallés Juan Enrique , Viñarás Abad Mónica
Published: July 2018

Communication management and sport endorsement are increasing areas of interest. Starting from this benchmark, this paper tries to analyze and study a successful recent case focused on the alliance between an international bank based in Spain and a well-known senior mountaineer. It analyses the complete communication and reputation campaign based on social media, including Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. This paper considers that, in the context of the current digital society, together with the traditional communication strategy, the social media have become indispensable platforms to interconnect and interact with groups of interest of each business organization that searches for a real two-way communication. Thereby, this paper pretends to be an enlightening study about the aims to achieve and the proposals on this academic and research line of interest, expounding conclusions and examples obtained after the analysis of social media campaign developed by a bank organization. We analyze general characteristics of sponsorship, endorsement management over sponsored view, and the management and relation concerning of the sponsoring firms demands. First of all, this study defines sponsorship concept and its characteristics. Therefore, it discusses mistaken conceptions about sport sponsorship use, and finally it deals management and sponsorship use as competitive and advantage communication tool in this contemporary digital society.
La dimensión comunicacional en la emergencia de la innovación en el diseño turístico
Authors: Bouzon Arlette , Bermejo-Berros Jesús
Published: July 2018

Innovación, diseño, turismo, emergencia, decisión en situación, comunicación Abstract The design is the privileged place for the emergence of innovation in tourism products. Innovation is a key to satisfy customers who are in increasingly globalized markets and are, at the same time segmented. In many previous studies it has been emphasized the influence onto innovation of several factors, including the introduction of ICTs. However, until now, few works have addressed the analysis of the role of communication dimension in the emergence of innovation in the design process of tourism. Using as an antecedent an investigation conducted over several years, in which it has been used a method of Naturalistic Decision Making situation, we present a theoretical reflection of whose arguments it follows the need to include the communication dimension in the innovative processes of tourist design. The first part of the article focuses on the emergence of innovation within project structures and tries to capture the place of communication in the design process. The second part is concerned with decision making in those processes. The conclusion suggests that the consideration of the communication dimension is guarantee of success in the process of innovation in the tourism field, given the complex interactions over time between the actors involved in the design.
La falta de comunicación materia de la RSC entre empresas y organizaciones sociales
Authors: Mazo Salmerón María Elena
Published: July 2018

The Corporate Social Responsibility -CSR- activities in the European countries are affected by a communicative gap between enterprises, which implement CSR activities, and the non-business organizations that need the companies to find financial resources for launching their social programs. We must research and debate the communicative frame of both situations in order to help bridge them as much as possible. In this way, it is necessary to analyse the features of this gap, and its communication context, as well as to study the European framework of CSR initiatives, as well as other international initiatives. Finally, the CSR communication process is shown and the basis for a study of CSR involvement from the different target groups will build a future balanced Communication Model of Corporate Social Responsibility, which could be a reference for the communication professional who deals with these kinds of activities.
Comparison and benchmark of name-to-gender inference services
Authors: Santamaría Lucía , Mihaljević Helena
Published: July 2018

The increased interest in analyzing and explaining gender inequalities in tech, media, and academia highlights the need for accurate inference methods to predict a person’s gender from their name. Several such services exist that provide access to large databases of names, often enriched with information from social media profiles, culture-specific rules, and insights from sociolinguistics. We compare and benchmark five name-to-gender inference services by applying them to the classification of a test data set consisting of 7,076 manually labeled names. The compiled names are analyzed and characterized according to their geographical and cultural origin. We define a series of performance metrics to quantify various types of classification errors, and define a parameter tuning procedure to search for optimal values of the services’ free parameters. Finally, we perform benchmarks of all services under study regarding several scenarios where a particular metric is to be optimized.
Assessment of spatial and temporal variations in trace element concentrations using honeybees (Apis mellifera) as bioindicators
Authors: Zaric Nenad M. , Deljanin Isidora , Ilijević Konstantin , Stanisavljević Ljubiša , Ristić Mirjana , Gržetić Ivan
Published: July 2018

With the increase in anthropogenic activities metal pollution is also increased and needs to be closely monitored. In this study honeybees were used as bioindicators to monitor metal pollution. Metal pollution in honeybees represents pollution present in air, water and soil. Concentrations of As, Cs, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se, U and V were measured. The aim of this study was to assess spatial and temporal variations of metal concentrations in honeybees. Samples of honeybees were taken at five different regions in Serbia (Belgrade - BG, Pančevo - PA, Pavliš - PV, Mesić - MS, and Kostolac - TPP) during 2014. Spatial variations were observed for Sb, which had higher concentrations in BG compared to all other regions, and for U, with higher concentrations in the TPP region. High concentrations of Sb in BG were attributed to intense traffic, while higher U concentrations in the TPP region are due to the vicinity of coal fired power plants. In order to assess temporal variations at two locations (PA and PV) samples were taken during July and September of 2014 and June, July, August and September of 2015. During 2014 observing months of sampling higher concentrations in July were detected for Sb and U in BG, which is attributed to lifecycle of plants and honeybees. During the same year higher concentrations in September were observed for As, Sb in PA and Hg in PV. This is due to high precipitation during the peak of bee activity in spring/summer of 2014. No differences between months of sampling were detected during 2015. Between 2014 and 2015 statistically significant differences were observed for Hg, Mo and V; all elements had higher concentrations in 2014. This is in accordance with the trend of reduction of metal concentrations in the bodies of honeybees throughout the years in this region.
S100A10, a novel biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bydoun Moamen , Sterea Andra , Liptay Henry , Uzans Andrea , Huang Weei‐Yuarn , Rodrigues Gloria J. , Weaver Ian C.G. , Gu Hong , Waisman David M.
Published: July 2018

Pancreatic cancer is arguably the deadliest cancer type. The efficacy of current therapies is often hindered by the inability to predict patient outcome. As such, the development of tools for early detection and risk prediction is key for improving outcome and quality of life. Here, we introduce the plasminogen receptor S100A10 as a novel predictive biomarker and a driver of pancreatic tumor growth and invasion. We demonstrated that S100A10 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in human pancreatic tumors compared to normal ducts and nonductal stroma. S100A10 mRNA and methylation status were predictive of overall survival and recurrence‐free survival across multiple patient cohorts. S100A10 expression was driven by promoter methylation and the oncogene KRAS. S100A10 knockdown reduced surface plasminogen activation, invasiveness, and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines. These findings delineate the clinical and functional contribution of S100A10 as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer.
Practical application of Octavius®‐4D: Characteristics and criticalities for IMRT and VMAT verification
Authors: Urso Patrizia , Lorusso Rita , Marzoli Luca , Corletto Daniela , Imperiale Paolo , Pepe Annalisa , Bianchi Lorenzo
Published: July 2018

Octavius®‐4D is a very effective device in radiotherapy treatment quality assurance (QA), due to its simple set‐up and analysis package. However, even if it is widely used, its main characteristics and criticalities were only partially investigated. Taking start from its commissioning, the aim of this work was to study the main dependencies of the device response. The outcome dependence was studied comparing results by different delivery techniques [Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT (n = 29) and RapidArc, RA (n = 15)], anatomical regions [15 head/neck, 19 pelvis and 10 pancreas] and linear accelerators [DHX (n = 14) and Trilogy (n = 30)]. Moreover, the agreement dependency on the section of the phantom was assessed. Plan evaluations obtained by 2D, 3D, and volumetric γ‐index (both local and global) were also compared. Generally, high dose gradient resulted critically managed by the assembly, with a smoother effect in RA technique. Worse agreements emerged in the 2D γ‐index vs those of 3D and volumetric (P < 0.001), that were instead statistically comparable in global metric (P > 0.300). Volumetric plan evaluation was coherent with the average of passing rates on the 3 phantom axes (r ≥ 0.9), but transversal section provided best agreements vs sagittal and coronal ones (P < 0.050). The three studied districts furnished comparable results (P > 0.050) while the two LINACs provided different agreements (P < 0.005). The study pointed out that the phantom transversal section better fits the planned dose distribution, so this should be accounted when a two‐dimensional evaluation is needed. Moreover, the major reliability of the 3D metric with respect to the 2D one, as it better agrees with the dosimetric evaluation on the whole volume, suggests that it should be preferred in a two‐dimensional evaluation. Better agreements, obtained with RA vs IMRT technique, confirm that Octavius®‐4D is specifically conceived for rotational delivery. Lastly, the assembly resulted sensitive to different technology.
The first direct replication on using verbal credibility assessment for the detection of deceptive intentions
Authors: Kleinberg Bennett , Warmelink Lara , Arntz Arnoud , Verschuere Bruno
Published: July 2018

Verbal deception detection has gained momentum as a technique to tell truth‐tellers from liars. At the same time, researchers' degrees of freedom make it hard to assess the robustness of effects. Replication research can help evaluate how reproducible an effect is. We present the first replication in verbal deception research whereby ferry passengers were instructed to tell the truth or lie about their travel plans. The original study found truth‐tellers to include more specific time references in their answers. The replication study that closely mimicked the setting, procedure, materials, coding, and analyses found no lie–truth difference for specific time references. Although the power of our replication study was suboptimal (0.77), Bayesian statistics showed evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Given the great applied consequences of verbal credibility tests, we hope this first replication attempt ignites much needed preregistered, high‐powered, multilab replication efforts.
Few‐Layered WS2 Nanoplates Confined in Co, N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanocages: Abundant WS2 Edges for Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors
Authors: Koo Won‐Tae , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Jung Ji‐Won , Choi Seon‐Jin , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Dong‐Ha , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: July 2018

Edges of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are well known as highly reactive sites, thus researchers have attempted to maximize the edge site density of 2D TMDs. In this work, metal‐organic framework (MOF) templates are introduced to synthesize few‐layered WS2 nanoplates (a lateral dimension of ≈10 nm) confined in Co, N‐doped hollow carbon nanocages (WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs), for highly sensitive NO2 gas sensors. WS2 precursors are assembled in the surface cavity of Co‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) and subsequent pyrolysis produced WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs. During the pyrolysis, the carbonized ZIF‐67 are doped by Co and N elements, and the growth of WS2 is effectively suppressed, creating few‐layered WS2 nanoplates functionalized Co‐N‐HCNCs. The WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs exhibit outstanding NO2 sensing characteristics at room temperature, in terms of response (48.2% to 5 ppm), selectivity, response and recovery speed, and detection limit (100 ppb). These results are attributed to the enhanced adsorption and desorption kinetics of NO2 on abundant WS2 edges, confined in the gas permeable HCNCs. This work opens up an efficient way for the facile synthesis of edge abundant few‐layered TMDs combined with porous carbon matrix via MOF templating route, for applications relying on highly active sites.
Recent Advances in Mechanism Research and Methods for Electric‐Field‐Assisted Sintering of Ceramics
Authors: Becker Mattan Ze'ev , Shomrat Neta , Tsur Yoed
Published: July 2018

Electric‐field‐assisted sintering of ceramic materials is under considerable attention during recent years. The current research is reviewed with a focus on mechanism research. Research of the mass transfer mechanisms in flash sintering (FS) is under debate during recent years. The research yields three main proposed mechanisms: nucleation due to movement of charged defects, Joule heating runaway, and electrochemical reactions. These are critically presented and discussed. Unlike FS, the mechanism of field‐assisted sintering technologies (FAST) of ceramics is well agreed upon. However, recent studies challenge even this perception with new approaches, which are presented here. New technological and methodological developments in both FS and FAST/spark plasma sintering are also presented.
Characterization and Bioreplication of Tradescantia pallida Inspired Biomimetic Superwettability for Dual Way Patterned Water Harvesting
Authors: Suvindran Neha , Li Feiran , Pan Yunlu , Zhao Xuezeng
Published: July 2018

Biomimicry elucidates nature's faultless synchronization of structure with function inspiring researchers to create designs that can achieve maximum performance with minimalistic resource exhaustion. Nature has evolved the invasive species Tradescantia pallida (T. pallida) with the ability to survive in drought lands. Since this species requires humidity to survive in those conditions it can be inferred that the T. pallida partakes of foliar atmospheric water harvesting. Herein, the wettability is tested with the study establishing that the leaf exhibits para‐hydrophobicity while demonstrating a static contact angle of 165°, whereas the morphological characterization reveals a complex hierarchical sculpturing with macroscale trichomes and parallel venations. Moreover, it is identified that the foliar water uptake occurs via the para‐hydrophobic surface and the hydrophobic trichomes subsequently guiding the water along the parallel channels creating a leaf that has an efficient dual way water harvesting system. These features render it capable of surviving in any habitat that validates nature's perfect unification of structure and function. Such multifunctional surfaces are a rarity thereby making them desirable for smart water harvesting designs. Thus inspired, a replica is developed which mimics the wettability with functional artificial trichomes and a potential dual way patterned water harvesting concept is presented.
Task‐Specific Oil‐Miscible Ionic Liquids Lubricate Steel/Light Metal Alloy: A Tribochemistry Study
Authors: Yu Qiangliang , Wang Yurong , Huang Guowei , Ma Zhengfeng , Shi Yijun , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin
Published: July 2018

In order to increase the solubility of ionic liquids in base oils and to improve the lubricating performance of light alloys, two new ionic liquids comprised of sulfonate base anion and phosphonium based cation are designed and synthesized. The difference between these two ionic liquids is the cation: One has only one organophosphate group (P88816DOSS) and the other has two organophosphate group (P888PDOSS). The copper strip corrosion test is used to evaluate the anticorrosion properties of new developed ionic liquids. Tribological properties of the ionic liquids are investigated by an optimal SRV‐IV oscillating tribometer. The results indicate that the new designed ionic liquids show very good solubility in traditional mineral‐based oils. P88816DOSS and P888PDOSS show excellent friction reduction, antiwear performance accompanied with effective anticorrosion properties for the mineral base oil. Surface analysis results show that the superior properties of P88816DOSS and P888PDOSS are attributed to surface chemical reactions between ionic liquids and light metal.
Ultrathin All‐in‐One Spin Hall Magnetic Sensor with Built‐In AC Excitation Enabled by Spin Current
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Yang Yumeng , Zhang Mengzhen , Luo Ziyan , Wu Yihong
Published: July 2018

Magnetoresistance (MR) sensors provide cost‐effective solutions for diverse industrial and consumer applications, including emerging fields such as internet‐of‐things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and smart living. Commercially available MR sensors such as anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors typically require an appropriate magnetic bias for both output linearization and noise suppression, resulting in increased structural complexity and manufacturing cost. Here, an all‐in‐one spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) sensor with built‐in AC excitation and rectification detection is demonstrated, which effectively eliminates the requirements of any linearization and domain stabilization mechanisms separated from the active sensing layer. This is made possible by the coexistence of SMR and spin–orbit torque (SOT) in ultrathin NiFe/Pt bilayers. Despite the simplest possible structure, the fabricated Wheatstone bridge sensor exhibits essentially zero DC offset, negligible hysteresis, and a detectivity of around 1 nT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. In addition, it also shows an angle dependence to external field similar to those of GMR and TMR, though it does not have any reference layer (unlike GMR and TMR). The superior performances of SMR sensors are evidently demonstrated in the proof‐of‐concept experiments on rotation angle measurement, and vibration and finger motion detection.
Low‐Coordinate Barium Boryloxides: Synthesis and Dehydrocoupling Catalysis for the Production of Borasiloxanes
Authors: Le Coz Erwann , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Tobisch Sven , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann
Published: July 2018

The first soluble barium boryloxides [Ba]– OB{CH(SiMe3)2} are presented. These mono‐ or dinuclear complexes feature low coordination numbers, as low as two for [Ba(OB{CH(SiMe3)2}2)2], which is further stabilized by intra‐ and intermolecular Ba⋅⋅⋅H3C agostic interactions. Barium boryloxides and the parent [Ba{N(SiMe3)2}2⋅(thf)2] catalyze the dehydrocoupling of borinic acids with hydrosilanes, providing borasiloxanes under mild conditions.
Pressure‐Induced Emission Enhancement, Band‐Gap Narrowing, and Metallization of Halide Perovskite Cs3Bi2I9
Authors: Zhang Long , Liu Chunming , Wang Lingrui , Liu Cailong , Wang Kai , Zou Bo
Published: July 2018

Low‐toxicity, air‐stable bismuth‐based perovskite materials are attractive substitutes for lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The structural, optical, and electrical property changes of zero‐dimensional perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 resulting from lattice compression is presented. An emission enhancement under mild pressure is attributed to the increase in exciton binding energy. Unprecedented band gap narrowing originated from Bi−I bond contraction, and the decrease in bridging Bi‐I‐Bi angle enhances metal halide orbital overlap, thereby breaking through the Shockley–Queisser limit under relatively low pressure. Pressure‐induced structural evolutions correlate well with changes in optical properties, and the changes are reversible upon decompression. Considerable resistance reduction implies a semiconductor‐to‐conductor transition at ca. 28 GPa, and the final confirmed metallic character by electrical experiments indicates a wholly new electronic property.
Direct Cross‐Coupling of Allylic C(sp3)−H Bonds with Aryl‐ and Vinylbromides by Combined Nickel and Visible‐Light Catalysis
Authors: Huang Long , Rueping Magnus
Published: July 2018

An efficient protocol for the direct allylic C(sp3)−H bond activation of unactivated tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes and their functionalization with aryl‐ and vinylbromides by nickel and visible‐light photocatalysis has been developed. The method allows C(sp2)−C(sp3) formation under mild reaction conditions with good functional‐group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
Antimony‐Functionalized Phosphine‐Based Photopolymer Networks
Authors: Béland Vanessa A. , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Ragogna Paul J.
Published: July 2018

The synthesis of phosphane‐ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small‐molecule stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb‐functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
Contexts of “Alexignosia”
Authors: Angueli Daniella
Published: July 2018

“Alexignosia” is a term that I introduce in order to describe a severe disruption in the desire for knowledge and the process of thought. Even though it often resembles a subject's defensive refusal to invest in objects of knowledge, in essence it hides a partial or total abolition of the function of thinking. According to my view, alexignosia originates in the context of the first caregivers' during the formative years of a child's life; a context consisting of discourses, attitudes, paradoxical injunctions, and unconscious desires, all of which are usually marked with some of psychotic aspects of parents. In this article I will first present how the thought and desire for knowledge is developed, basing my theoretical perspective on the work of French psychoanalyst, Piera Aulagnier. Secondly, I will refer to selected clinical cases, so I can describe certain types of alexignosia and the respective parental contexts that lead the child to such a psychological response.
Development of 15 microsatellite markers in Acer triflorum (Aceraceae) and cross‐amplification in congeneric species
Authors: Wang Hua‐Ying , Wei Bai‐Ying , Xiao Hong‐Xing
Published: July 2018

Premise of the Study

Acer (Aceraceae) is an important genus in forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. In China, 151 species have been reported, and approximately 61 species are endemic. Thus, China is considered to host the greatest diversity of Acer, but markers are needed to evaluate the genetic structure and genetic diversity of these populations of wild Acer species.

Methods and Results

Using an enriched genomic library, we developed and characterized 15 microsatellite primers for A. triflorum, 10 of which were polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from one to nine. The levels of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.000 to 0.826, respectively. Most primers also successfully amplified in A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. mandshuricum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. sinopurpurascens, A. tegmentosum, and A. ukurunduense.

Conclusions

These markers from A. triflorum will provide an opportunity to study genetic diversity and genetic structure in the genus Acer.
Integrating fishing and conservation in a risk framework: A stochastic population model to guide the proactive management of a threatened freshwater crayfish
Authors: Todd Charles R. , Whiterod Nick , Raymond Scott M.C. , Zukowski Sylvia , Asmus Martin , Todd Macgregor J.
Published: July 2018

Numerous freshwater species are recreationally harvested, yet conservation concerns are often ignored. This may lead to conflict between fisheries and conservation management for a species.

Approximately one‐third of freshwater crayfish species globally are threatened with extinction, including the Murray crayfish, Euastacus armatus (von Martens, 1866) in south‐eastern Australia. There has been substantial commercial and recreational fishing of E. armatus since European settlement, as well as other threats such as poor water quality (e.g. hypoxic ‘blackwater events’ during floods).

A stochastic population model was developed for three regional populations of male and female E. armatus, and was used to examine the effects of fishing and hypoxic blackwater disturbance on a Murray crayfish population in a lowland region.

The results indicate that the Murray crayfish population in the lowland region faces increasing risks from increasing fishing pressure, together with low frequencies of hypoxic blackwater disturbance only. Testing various fishery regulations, the modelling demonstrated that recent changes to the ‘slot size’ in occipital carapace length of 10–12 cm for legally harvesting crayfish was a suitable protection measure given the background levels of hypoxic blackwater disturbance, balancing fishing and conservation concerns. Although higher slots (11–13 cm and 12–14 cm) were less sensitive to higher fishing pressures, the recreational harvest declined.

The model was most sensitive to early life‐history survival rates; however, sensitivity analysis of model variability also indicated that E. armatus may be susceptible to highly variable environments (not to be confused with highly variable flows).

This study demonstrates the successful integration of fishing and conservation in a flexible risk framework for this threatened freshwater crayfish species; furthermore, fisher expectation can be managed by assessing the impact on harvest of potential changes to fishing regulations. This approach is easily transferable and would improve the management of other recreationally fished species facing multiple threats.
Direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jayakody Lahiru N. , Liu Jing‐Jing , Yun Eun Ju , Turner Timothy Lee , Oh Eun Joong , Jin Yong‐Su
Published: July 2018

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a sustainable solution to valorize cellulose into fuels and chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and a biodegradable surfactant, ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside, via an engineered yeast strain (i.e., strain EJ2) expressing heterologous cellodextrin transporter (CDT‐1) and intracellular β‐glucosidase (GH1‐1) originating from Neurospora crassa. We identified the formation of ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside in SSF of cellulose by the EJ2 strain owing to transglycosylation activity of GH1‐1. The EJ2 strain coproduced 0.34 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g cellulose and 0.06 ± 0.00 g ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside/g cellulose at a rate of 0.30 ± 0.02 g·L−1·h−1 and 0.09 ± 01 g·L−1·h−1, respectively, during the SSF of Avicel PH‐101 cellulose, supplemented only with Celluclast 1.5 L. Herein, we report a possible coproduction of a value‐added chemical (alkyl‐glucosides) during SSF of cellulose exploiting the transglycosylation activity of GH1‐1 in engineered S. cerevisiae. This coproduction could have a substantial effect on the overall technoeconomic feasibility of theSSF of cellulose.