bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pre-chamber flow-field on combustion stability in a spark-ignition engine using large-eddy simulations
Authors: Novella R. , Pastor J. M. , Gomez-Soriano J. , Barbery I.
Published: November 2023

Significant efforts are under way to develop innovative ignition systems for spark-ignition engines used in transportation. Within this context, passive pre-chamber technology has emerged as a promising alternative for passenger cars. However, several uncertainties remain regarding the operation of this concept at low engine loads and speeds, as well as the impact of specific design features on combustion stability. Previous investigations have indicated that the tangential angle of the pre-chamber holes can play a vital role in stabilizing the combustion process. Nonetheless, the underlying thermo-physical phenomena responsible for these results have not yet been thoroughly studied. To address these knowledge gaps, this paper presents a numerical study using a computational fluid dynamics model that has been validated with experimental results. An alternative modeling methodology was developed to conduct multi-cycle large-eddy simulations and investigate two different pre-chamber configurations, one with tangential holes and the other with radial holes. The results revealed an intriguing correlation between the combustion stability and the spatial distribution of the flame inside the pre-chamber. The cycle-to-cycle dispersion of pre-chamber flow variables was significantly higher when using radial holes compared to tangential holes, potentially explaining the unstable behavior of the former design. Additionally, the undesirable flow-field of the radial-hole pre-chamber caused the flame to evolve asymmetrically, resulting in substantial variations in the ejected jets. This asymmetry can significantly affect the morphology of the main chamber ignition in each cycle.
Equilibria as boundary value problems under Lie transformations
Authors: Poulipoulis G. , Throumoulopoulos G. N.
Published: November 2023

The use of transformations recently gained attention in obtaining invariant solutions to the equilibrium problem of plasma physics. In all of the cases considered, the new solutions were related to a (Generalized) Grad–Shafranov equation. In the same context, the present study focuses on the issue of an axisymmetric, toroidal plasma equilibrium as a boundary value problem associated with new solutions obtained by means of Lie group transformations. It appears that in all the cases examined, only a single infinitesimal generator of the symmetry group permits closed boundary that remains invariant under the transformation. The respective equilibrium, in addition to a peculiar axisymmetric magnetically confined plasma with current hole reaching the axis of symmetry, describes a planet's magnetosphere for low heights.
Automated crystal system identification from electron diffraction patterns using multiview opinion fusion machine learning
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Hengrui , Wahl Carolin B. , Liu Wei , Mirkin Chad A. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Apley Daniel W. , Chen Wei
Published: November 2023

A bottleneck in high-throughput nanomaterials discovery is the pace at which new materials can be structurally characterized. Although current machine learning (ML) methods show promise for the automated processing of electron diffraction patterns (DPs), they fail in high-throughput experiments where DPs are collected from crystals with random orientations. Inspired by the human decision-making process, a framework for automated crystal system classification from DPs with arbitrary orientations was developed. A convolutional neural network was trained using evidential deep learning, and the predictive uncertainties were quantified and leveraged to fuse multiview predictions. Using vector map representations of DPs, the framework achieves a testing accuracy of 0.94 in the examples considered, is robust to noise, and retains remarkable accuracy using experimental data. This work highlights the ability of ML to be used to accelerate experimental high-throughput materials data analytics.
The system of classifiers in Kilivila
Authors: Senft Gunter
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the complex system of classifiers in Kilivila, the language of the Trobriand
Islanders of Papua New Guinea. After a brief introduction to the language and its speakers, the classifier system is
briefly described with respect to the role of these formatives for the word formation of Kilivila numerals,
adjectives, demonstratives and one form of an interrogative pronoun/adverb. Then the functions the classifier system
fulfils with respect to concord, temporary classification, the unitizing of nominal expressions, nominalization,
indication of plural, anaphoric reference as well as text and discourse coherence are discussed and illustrated. The
paper ends with some language specific and cross-linguistic questions for further research.
Nominal classification in Assamese
Authors: Saikia Pori , Allassonnière-Tang Marc
Published: November 2023

We provide an analysis of the classifier system in Assamese (Indo-European) via the framework of
functional typology. Assamese is located at the border of Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan language families, which are
typically associated with grammatical gender and classifiers, respectively. Assamese represents an insightful example
of an Indo-European language relying on classifiers rather than grammatical gender to fulfill the functions typical
for a nominal classification system. Our analysis shows that classifiers in Assamese behave similarly to other
classifier languages in terms of lexical and discourse functions, except for the functions of definiteness marking and
individuation. The implications of such findings are connected to typology, research in human cognition, and language
contact.
Gender marking in Shumcho
Authors: Huber Christian
Published: November 2023

Grammatical gender generally does not play a prominent role in Tibeto-Burman languages. Apart from
lexical differentiation, the natural gender of a nominal with an animate referent can be specified by sex-indicating
formatives but pronouns, adjectives or determiners are typically neutral in this respect and no agreement takes place.
The West Himalayish languages, a subgroup of the Tibeto-Burman family, have borrowed a large number of lexical items
from neighbouring Indo-Aryan languages, which have elaborate gender systems. Some of them have adopted a number of
gendered terms in their masculine as well as feminine form. One such language is Shumcho, which is spoken in the
district Kinnaur of the State of Himachal Pradesh in North India. The present chapter discusses all hitherto attested
marking patterns in Shumcho and, where possible, presents potential cognates or sources of a loan.
Dealing with legal terminology in court interpreting
Authors: Jutorán Mariana Orozco
Published: November 2023

The target of court interpreting is to ensure equal access to justice to all persons who are not
proficient in the language spoken in a court of law. In that context, dealing effectively with legal terminology is
crucial to interpret accurately and to keep the legal intent of the message. This chapter first explores the main
difficulties of court interpreting, focusing on legal terminology. Then, some of the different existing models and
criteria for accuracy in court interpreting are introduced. Finally, a training approach to help court interpreting
students to create their own glossaries is presented, going from monolingual to bilingual research.
On the interaction between legal and religious concepts
Authors: Id-youss Lahousseine , Alsulaiman Abied
Published: November 2023

Legal concepts differ in each individual society reflecting the differences in that society (Cao 2007, 2010). They form part of
nationally contained legal systems with their own terminological apparatus and underlying conceptual structure, their
own rules of classification (Šarčević 1997). These differences have both
semasiological and onomasiological perspectives. Some areas of the Moroccan law offer a good illustration for these
idiosyncratic features as they are marked by peculiar characteristics, reflecting the prevalent political, social and
religious realities. In this chapter, we will shed light on the interaction between law and religion, showing how this
interaction manifests itself in the Moroccan Family Code (Moudawana). The study will be carried out from
semasiological and onomasiological angles.
Terminology management and terminology quality assurance in the European Commission’s Directorate-General for
Translation
Authors: Stefaniak Karolina
Published: November 2023

Correct and consistent terminology is crucial for high quality legal translation. Therefore, the
European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) places great emphasis on terminology work and on
integrating terminology in the translation process. At the central level, the Terminology Coordination Unit is tasked
with extracting terms from texts intended for translation and clarifying the concepts, whereas at the level of
departments, department terminologists search for adequate terms in their respective languages. The translators’ role
is to apply this terminology and ensure its consistency. DGT has at its disposal a number of resources to assist
translators and terminologists in these tasks, and has also developed several in-house tools for terminology
extraction and for checking terminological consistency in ongoing translations.
Visualizing EU law through meta-concepts and legal formants
Authors: Ioriatti Elena
Published: November 2023

The chapter suggests an interdisciplinary approach to EU law and to European autonomous concepts,
through the use of comparative law and semiotics. The object of the research is the EU legislation (a meta-language,
in comparative-semiotics perspective), EU concepts (a system of signs, according to semiotics) and their
interpretation (case law formant, in comparative law analyses) and transposition (national legislation formant) in the
Member States. This approach to EU law and concepts highlights that the interrelation between EU legislation and the
normative forces grounding the practices of law in Europe are giving rise to common contexts of meanings in the
European legal setting.
Differential object marking in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Cyrino Sonia M. L. , Irimia Monica Alexandrina
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses two important aspects related to the
problem of differential object marking in Brazilian Portuguese. On the one
hand, it demonstrates that this phenomenon is not completely absent from the
language, contrary to traditional assumptions. Among the contexts in which
differential object marking is still obligatory or possible are types of
equatives, animates under coordination, or animate relative pronouns. On the
other hand, it shows that these contexts can be unified as involving
configurations resulting from sentential ellipsis. More specifically, the
relevant structures contain two constituents with clausal nature, out of
which the second is subject to a process of deletion. Differential object
marking on the nominal signals the presence of a raising operation to the
high left periphery in the second clause, which allows the argument to
escape the deletion operation at the TP level. Differential object marking
based on raising to the high left periphery unites Brazilian Portuguese to
(Romance) languages where differential object marking is dependent on
topicalization to the left periphery.
Linguistic and pragmatic ways of committing oneself
Authors: Vergaro Carla
Published: November 2023

In this study I focus on the complementation patterns of commissive shell nouns in Ghanaian English (GhE). Commissive shell nouns are a type of illocutionary shell noun, i.e. a noun that encapsulates a content that is usually expressed in a complement or even separate clause or sentence thereby ascribing it an illocutionary force. I use the usage-based approach to the study of language and investigate the behavioral profile of these nouns in GhE. I apply descriptive statistics to data that have been collected from theCorpus of Global Web-based English(GloWbE). The study provides evidence for the characterization of GhE usage norms, and thus contributes to the scholarly knowledge on this variety of English. It also sheds light on the contribution that the meaning-related and ultimately cognitive perspective can offer in describing the complementation patterns of illocutionary nouns in Postcolonial Englishes (PCEs).
Introduction
Authors: Bolden Galina B. , Heritage John , Sorjonen Marja-Leena
Published: November 2023

Question–answer sequences are arguably among the most basic building blocks for sequences of action in
interaction and are ubiquitous among the languages of the world. This chapter reviews and synthesizes current interactional
research on polar questions and answers across languages in order to contextualize the work assembled in this volume. We
introduce grammatical and pragmatic resources for forming and recognizing polar questions, discuss principles of polar
question design, and overview different types of polar responses. We conclude the chapter with a preview of the included
studies, a discussion of their contributions, and suggestions for future research directions.
Introducing inclusive subtitles
Authors: Uzzo Gabriele
Published: November 2023

In recent years, numerous variations of subtitling approaches, which have been variously defined as enriched, creative, dynamic, emotive (Neves 2018), but also ‘creactive’ (Sala Robert 2016), have been put forward by scholars in the attempt to diversify and expand the audiences’ access to audiovisual products through subtitles. Also, there has been a significant growth in international film festivals which, alongside long-established festivals, have contributed to providing audiences with a cultural window on the world. In Italy, for example, there are hundreds of film festivals, which vary in terms of size, subject-matter, and genre.

Against the backdrop of recent research on audience(s) attending film festivals (Di Giovanni 2020), accessibility studies (Greco 2018), and preferences and familiarity with various types of subtitles for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing people (Romero-Fresco 2015), this paper aims to introduce the notion of inclusive subtitling and to propose guidelines and applications within the context of accessible film festivals and cultural events. The corpus for this empirical study consists of the short films competing in the eleventh and twelfth editions of theSicilia Queer Film Fest, inclusively subtitled. Results will prove that ‘inclusive subtitles’ have the potential to cater to more varied needs, embracing settings such as film festivals, theatres, museums, galleries, and similar cultural contexts. In line withGreco’s (2018)universalist approach, and in contrast with the recent introduction of the term byMartínez-Lorenzo (2020)applied to minoritised languages, inclusive subtitles is an expression that refers to intralingual or interlingual subtitles, open or closed (with the aid of external tools, such as an app) and applied specifically to film festivals.
Code generation for AMReX with applications to numerical relativity
Authors: Peterson Adam J , Willcox Don , Mösta Philipp
Published: November 2023

We present a new python/SymPy based code generator for producing executable numerical expressions for partial differential equations in AMReX-based applications. We demonstrate the code generator capabilities for the case of

3
+
1

ADM formulations of numerical relativity for the constraint damped, conformal Z4 formulations (Z4c and CCZ4). The generated spacetime solvers are examined for stability and accuracy using a selection of checks from the standard Apples with Apples testbeds for numerical relativity applications. We also explore physically interesting vacuum spacetimes including head-on and inspiraling black hole binary collisions, and investigate the simulated gravitational waveforms from such events with the Newman–Penrose formulation of waveform extraction.
Optical fiber Fabry–Perot sensor based on BPQDs-PVA compound for humidity measurement
Authors: Shao Min , Wang Yanmei , Liu Bingkun , Zhang Wensong , Lu Qingqing
Published: November 2023

A high-sensitivity fiber humidity sensor based on Fabry–Perot interferometer is experimentally proposed. The sensor is fabricated by coating black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film on the end face of single mode fiber via controllable dipping method. Benefit from the BPQDs-PVA based cavity, the length and the refractive index of the BPQDs-PVA compound changes with ambient humidity, evidently modulating the interference spectrum. Experimental results show that the sensor achieves a maximum humidity sensitivity of 4.844 nm/%RH in the humidity range of 33%–56%RH with a low temperature cross sensitivity of 0.017%RH °C−1. Meanwhile, stability test exhibits a low instability of 0.016%RH. Together with the advantages of simple manufacture, small size and fast response, the sensor has broad practical application prospect.
Dual contrast attention-guided multi-frequency fusion for multi-contrast MRI super-resolution
Authors: Kong Weipeng , Li Baosheng , Wei Kexin , Li Dengwang , Zhu Jian , Yu Gang
Published: November 2023

Objective. Multi-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging super-resolution (SR) reconstruction is an effective solution for acquiring high-resolution MR images. It utilizes anatomical information from auxiliary contrast images to improve the quality of the target contrast images. However, existing studies have simply explored the relationships between auxiliary contrast and target contrast images but did not fully consider different anatomical information contained in multi-contrast images, resulting in texture details and artifacts unrelated to the target contrast images. Approach. To address these issues, we propose a dual contrast attention-guided multi-frequency fusion (DCAMF) network to reconstruct SR MR images from low-resolution MR images, which adaptively captures relevant anatomical information and processes the texture details and low-frequency information from multi-contrast images in parallel. Specifically, after the feature extraction, a feature selection module based on a dual contrast attention mechanism is proposed to focus on the texture details of the auxiliary contrast images and the low-frequency features of the target contrast images. Then, based on the characteristics of the selected features, a high- and low-frequency fusion decoder is constructed to fuse these features. In addition, a texture-enhancing module is embedded in the high-frequency fusion decoder, to highlight and refine the texture details of the auxiliary contrast and target contrast images. Finally, the high- and low-frequency fusion process is constrained by integrating a deeply-supervised mechanism into the DCAMF network. Main results. The experimental results show that the DCAMF outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity of DCAMF are 39.02 dB and 0.9771 on the IXI dataset and 37.59 dB and 0.9770 on the BraTS2018 dataset, respectively. The image recovery is further validated in segmentation tasks. Significance. Our proposed SR model can enhance the quality of MR images. The results of the SR study provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and subsequent image-guided treatment.
Improved T-wave detection in electrocardiogram signals based non-stationary wavelet transform and QRS complex cancellation with kurtosis analysis
Authors: Sharma Neenu , Sunkaria Ramesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

Objective. The T-wave in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has the potential to enumerate various cardiac dysfunctions in the cardiovascular system. The primary objective of this research is to develop an efficient method for detecting T-waves in ECG signals, with potential applications in clinical diagnosis and continuous patient monitoring. Approach. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm for T-wave peak detection, which relies on a non-decimated stationary wavelet transform method (NSWT) and involves the cancellation of the QRS complex by utilizing its local extrema. The proposed scheme contains three stages: firstly, the technique is pre-processed using a two-stage median filter and Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter to remove the various artifacts from the ECG signal. Secondly, the NSWT technique is implemented using the bior 4.4 mother wavelet without downsampling, employing 24 scale analysis, and involves the cancellation of QRS-complex using its local positions. After that, Sauvola technique is used to estimate the baseline and remove the P-wave peaks to enhance T-peaks for accurate detection in the ECG signal. Additionally, the moving average window and adaptive thresholding are employed to enhance and identify the location of the T-wave peaks. Thirdly, false positive T-peaks are corrected using the kurtosis coefficients method. Main results. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed technique have been corroborated by the QT database (QTDB). The results are also validated on a self-recorded database. In QTDB database, the sensitivity of 98.20%, positive predictivity of 99.82%, accuracy of 98.04%, and detection error rate of 1.95% have been achieved. The self-recorded dataset attains a sensitivity, positive predictivity, accuracy, and detection error rate of 99.94%, 99.96%, 99.90%, and 0.09% respectively. Significance. A T-wave peak detection based on NSWT and QRS complex cancellation, along with kurtosis analysis technique, demonstrates superior performance and enhanced detection accuracy compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
A slotted metagratings leaky-wave antenna with theoretical analysis
Authors: Al Soad Odai Hassan Raheem , Fu Jiahui , Wu Qun
Published: November 2023

In this contribution, a new slotted metagratings based leaky-wave antenna (MGs LWA) featuring a wide beam-scanning is presented to overcome the limitation of the mutual coupling and the open-stopband effects in traditional LWA. The MGs LWA is comprised of a parallel-plate waveguide with a periodic MGs array etched on the top plate over a dielectric substrate with PEC-backed. An analytical theory is created as a conceptual model for the corresponding equivalent electromagnetic fields produced by slotted MGs, that generate the Z-matrix and S-matrix for a two-port structure from the electric and magnetic fields. Furthermore, an approximate analysis is derived using Green’s function to quantify mutual admittance coupling. This antenna has excellent success due to its ability to achieve a wide beam-scanning range with a high realized gain while still having a narrow beam width in the E-plane. With the utilizing results, the bandwidth range of 64% with continuous beam-scanned of 74° and narrow angular beamwidth up to 11.1° in the E-plane is obtained. Meanwhile, the beam-scanned sensitivity is 5.4°/GHz. The realized gain is up to 16.3 dBi. Finally, the MGs LWA is fabricated to approve the theoretical and simulation results. Thus, a low permittivity and thin substrate are selected to enable perfect beam-scanning for 5 G high-speed mobile communication systems.
Directional router and controllable non-reciprocity transmission based on phase and pathway coherence
Authors: Yang Xu , Tan Lei , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: November 2023

A multi-channel quantum router with four nodal cavities is constructed by two coupled-resonator waveguides and four single cavities. We can achieve directional routing by adjusting the probability of photon exiting from the specified port to close to 100% based on multiple pathways between the photon from the incident port to the outgoing port in this hybrid system. Under the effect of phase difference between two classical light fields, the mutual interference between different pathways can be adjusted to destructive interference or constructive interference, which lays the foundation for the increase and decrease of the routing probability. The influence of different parameter values on single photon routing probability is also studied. By studying the analytic formula of probability amplitude, we get the physical mechanism of exiting ports being closed under certain parameter conditions and the phase relationship between the backward transmission and the original direction transmission of photons. Furthermore the non-reciprocal transmission and directional routing beyond chiral coupling can also be realized, which provides new possibilities for the study of quantum routers and new insights for the study of photon transmission characteristics.
Extreme data compression for Bayesian model comparison
Authors: Heavens Alan F. , Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna , Trotta Roberto , Sellentin Elena
Published: November 2023

We develop extreme data compression for use in Bayesian model comparison via the MOPED algorithm, as well as more general score compression. We find that Bayes Factors from data compressed with the MOPED algorithm are identical to those from their uncompressed datasets when the models are linear and the errors Gaussian. In other nonlinear cases, whether nested or not, we find negligible differences in the Bayes Factors, and show this explicitly for the Pantheon-SH0ES supernova dataset. We also investigate the sampling properties of the Bayesian Evidence as a frequentist statistic, and find that extreme data compression reduces the sampling variance of the Evidence, but has no impact on the sampling distribution of Bayes Factors. Since model comparison can be a very computationally-intensive task, MOPED extreme data compression may present significant advantages in computational time.
An Aluminum-coated sCMOS Sensor for X-Ray Astronomy
Authors: Wu Qinyu , Ling Zhixing , Zhang Chen , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Yuan Weimin
Published: November 2023

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made on scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) sensors, making them a promising device for future space X-ray missions. We have customized a large-format sCMOS sensor, G1516BI, dedicated for X-ray applications. In this work, a 200 nm thick aluminum layer is successfully sputtered on the surface of this sensor. This Al-coated sensor, named EP4K, shows consistent performance with the uncoated version. The readout noise of the EP4K sensor is around 2.5 e− and the dark current is less than 0.01 e− pixel−1 s−1 at −30°C. The maximum frame rate is 20 Hz in the current design. The ratio of single pixel events of the sensor is 45.0%. The energy resolution can reach 153.2 eV at 4.51 keV and 174.2 eV at 5.90 keV at −30°C. The optical transmittance of the aluminum layer is approximately 10−8 to 10−10 for optical lights from 365 to 880 nm, corresponding to an effective aluminum thickness of around 140 to 160 nm. The good X-ray performance and low optical transmittance of this Al-coated sCMOS sensor make it a good choice for space X-ray missions. The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy, which has been working in orbit for about one year, is equipped with four EP4K sensors. Furthermore, 48 EP4K sensors are used on the Wide-field X-ray Telescope on the Einstein Probe satellite, which will be launched at the end of 2023.
Methods for Averaging Spectral Line Data
Authors: Anderson L. D. , Liu B. , Balser Dana. S. , Bania T. M. , Haffner L. M. , Linville Dylan J. , Luisi Matteo , Wenger Trey V.
Published: November 2023

The ideal spectral averaging method depends on one’s science goals and the available information about one’s data. Including low-quality data in the average can decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), which may necessitate an optimization method or a consideration of different weighting schemes. Here, we explore a variety of spectral averaging methods. We investigate the use of three weighting schemes during averaging: weighting by the signal divided by the variance (“intensity-noise weighting”), weighting by the inverse of the variance (“noise weighting”), and uniform weighting. Whereas for intensity-noise weighting the S/N is maximized when all spectra are averaged, for noise and uniform weighting we find that averaging the 35%–45% of spectra with the highest S/N results in the highest S/N average spectrum. With this intensity cutoff, the average spectrum with noise or uniform weighting has ∼95% of the intensity of the spectrum created from intensity-noise weighting. We apply our spectral averaging methods to GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas hydrogen radio recombination line data to determine the ionic abundance ratio, y
+, and discuss future applications of the methodology.
Efficient loading of cesium atoms in a magnetic levitated dimple trap
Authors: Zhang 张 Guoqing 国庆 , Feng 冯 Guosheng 国胜 , Li 李 Yuqing 玉清 , Wu 武 Jizhou 寄洲 , Ma 马 Jie 杰
Published: November 2023

We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold 133Cs atoms in a dimple trap. The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two small waist beams crossing a horizontal plane. The magnetic levitation for the 133Cs atoms forms an effective potential for a large number of atoms in a high spatial density. Dependence of the number of atoms loaded and trapped in the dimple trap on the magnetic field gradient and bias field is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. This method has been widely used to obtain the Bose–Einstein condensation atoms for many atomic species.
Interplay among turbulence, flow and impurities for sustaining magnetic island
Authors: Feng Xi , Chen Xiang , Zou XiaoLan , Liu ADi , Cai HuiShan , Zhuang Ge , Zhou Chu , Wang T.B. , Han M.K. , Duan Y.M. , Zhang L. , Wang S.X. , Li Y.Y. , Shi T.H. , Zhou T.F. , Zhao H.L. , Wang Y.M. , Wang M.Y. , Liu H.Q. , Liu Y. , Ding W.X. , Zhang S.B. , Wu M.Q. , Zhu X. , Hao B.L. , Xie J.L. , Lin X.D. , Huang J.J. , Gao X. , Wan Y.X.
Published: November 2023

As ubiquitous structures in magnetized fusion plasmas, magnetic islands (MIs) would short-circuit adjacent magnetic flux surfaces and result in a reduced pressure gradient and fluctuations inside the island; it is widely accepted that due to the stabilizing of drift wave instability, the turbulence intensity inside MIs is much lower for larger islands. Here, we provide the first observations that strong turbulence could be generated inside a large radiation MI, which is probably driven by the electron temperature dip due to strongly localized impurity radiation. Moreover, the flow velocity inside the MI is strongly correlated with the turbulence intensity, and the impurity concentration rate suddenly increases as the flow velocity reaches a threshold value, strongly suggesting that turbulence and flow inside the island play important roles in trapping heavy impurities and sustaining radiative MIs.
Silicon Carbide Timepix3 detector for quantum-imaging detection and spectral tracking of charged particles in wide range of energy and field-of-view
Authors: Novak A. , Granja C. , Sagatova A. , Jakubek J. , Zatko B. , Vondracek V. , Andrlik M. , Zach V. , Polansky S. , Rathi A. , Oancea C.
Published: November 2023

The hybrid architecture of the Timepix (TPX) family of detectors enables the use of
different semiconductor sensors, most commonly silicon (Si), as well as high-density materials
such as Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). For this purpose, we explore the
potential of a silicon carbide (SiC) sensor bump-bonded on a Timepix3 detector as a radiation
imaging and particle tracking detector. SiC stands as a radiation-hard material also with the
ability to operate at elevated temperatures up to several hundreds of degrees Celsius. As a
result, this sensor material is more suitable for radiation harsh environments compared to
conventional e.g., Si sensors. In this work, we evaluate the response for precise radiation
spectrometry and high-resolution particle tracking of newly developed SiC Timepix3 detector which
is built and operated as a compact radiation camera MiniPIX-Timepix3 with integrated readout
electronics. Calibration measurements were conducted with mono-energetic proton beams with
energies of 13, 22, and 31 MeV at the U-120M cyclotron at the Nuclear Physics Institute Czech
Academy of Science (NPI CAS), Prague, as well as 100 and 226 MeV at the Proton Therapy Center
Czech (PTC) in Prague. High-resolution pattern recognition analysis and single-particle spectral
tracking are used for detailed inspection and understanding of the sensor response. Results
include distributions of deposited energy and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. The spatial
uniformity of the pixelated detector response is examined in terms of homogeneously distributed
deposited energy.
Detective quantum efficiency of a double-layered detector for dual-energy x-ray imaging
Authors: Shin Hubeom , Yoo Seungjun , Oh Seokwon , Lee Junho , Kim Ho Kyung
Published: November 2023

A sandwich-like double-layered detector can perform dual-energy imaging (DEI) using a
single x-ray exposure without object motion artifacts. The energy separation between measurements
obtained from the front and rear-detector layers can be tuned by introducing an x-ray
beam-attenuating material between them. However, the design of the interdetector filter
significantly influences dose efficiency by altering the number of x-ray photons reaching the
rear-detector layer within the sandwich detector. Since the sandwich detector typically
incorporates phosphors of differing thicknesses for its two detector layers, it exhibits a unique
spatial resolution characteristic in the reconstructed dual-energy (DE) images. To comprehensively
assess detector performance in terms of design (filter) and operation (reconstruction), we
established a framework that describes the dual-energy detective quantum efficiency (DE-DQE) using
linear-systems theory. The developed DE-DQE model was validated through comparison with
measurements. The agreement between the modulation-transfer functions was reasonable, and the
correspondence between noise-power spectra was excellent. This proposed DE-DQE concept is
universally applicable to any linearly operating DE system and holds a significant value in
enhancing the performance of sandwich detectors or ensuring their optimal operation.
Dynamical signatures of Chaos to integrability crossover in
2×2
generalized random matrix ensembles
Authors: Das Adway Kumar , Ghosh Anandamohan
Published: November 2023

We introduce a two-parameter ensemble of generalized

2
×
2

real symmetric random matrices called the β-Rosenzweig–Porter ensemble (β-RPE), parameterized by β, a fictitious inverse temperature of the analogous Coulomb gas model, and γ, controlling the relative strength of disorder. β-RPE encompasses RPE from all of the Dyson’s threefold symmetry classes: orthogonal, unitary and symplectic for

β
=
1
,
2
,
4

. Firstly, we study the energy correlations by calculating the density and 2nd moment of the nearest neighbor spacing (NNS) and robustly quantify the crossover among various degrees of level repulsions. Secondly, the dynamical properties are determined from an exact calculation of the temporal evolution of the fidelity enabling an identification of the characteristic Thouless and the equilibration timescales. The relative depth of the correlation hole in the average fidelity serves as a dynamical signature of the crossover from chaos to integrability and enables us to construct the phase diagram of β-RPE in the γ-β plane. Our results are in qualitative agreement with numerically computed fidelity for

N
≫
2

matrix ensembles. Furthermore, we observe that for large N the 2nd moment of NNS and the relative depth of the correlation hole exhibit a second order phase transition at γ = 2.
Iterative Causal Forest: A Novel Algorithm for Subgroup Identification
Authors: Wang Tiansheng , Keil Alexander P , Kim Siyeon , Wyss Richard , Htoo Phyo Than , Funk Michele Jonsson , Buse John B , Kosorok Michael R , Stürmer Til
Published: November 2023

Precisely and efficiently identifying subgroups with heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in real-world evidence studies remains a challenge. Based on the causal forest (CF) method, we developed an iterative CF (iCF) algorithm to identify HTEs in subgroups defined by important variables. Our method iteratively grows different depths of the CF with important effect modifiers, performs plurality votes to obtain decision trees (subgroup decisions) for a family of CFs with different depths, and then finds the cross-validated subgroup decision that best predicts the treatment effect as a final subgroup decision. We simulated 12 different scenarios and showed that the iCF outperformed other machine learning methods for interaction/subgroup identification in the majority of scenarios assessed. Using a 20% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, we implemented the iCF to identify subgroups with HTEs for hospitalized heart failure. Consistent with previous studies suggesting patients with heart failure benefit more from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, iCF successfully identified such a subpopulation with HTEs and additive interactions. The iCF is a promising method for identifying subgroups with HTEs in real-world data where the potential for unmeasured confounding can be limited by study design.
Linguistics in a Minor Key—Of Atmospheres, Voice(s), and Ethics
Authors: Deumert Ana
Published: November 2023

In this article, I reflect on the complexities of signification and suggest that the study of music allows us to push forward the radical project of dis-inventing language in applied linguistics (Makoni and Pennycook 2007). In thinking about language, music, and meaning, I focus on a song that has travelled around the globe and that has sounded the Black radical tradition: Aretha Franklin’s song Respect (1967). I explore the multiple significations of this song: the revolutionary atmosphere in which the song emerged and which it co-created, the voices that shape it, and the ethics that its words articulate. Throughout the text, I emphasize the importance of listening as a scholarly stance. Theoretically, the article draws on the ideas of minor theory (Deleuze and Guattari 1983) and disciplinary disobedience (Gordon 2014), two perspectives that are helpful when thinking about southern theory and decolonial scholarship. The aim is to see worlds in the grain of the voice (Barthes 1977), in the grain of a song, and to articulate expressive struggles.
Efficient collective action for tackling time-critical cybersecurity threats
Authors: Gillard Sébastien , Percia David Dimitri , Mermoud Alain , Maillart Thomas
Published: November 2023

The latency reduction between the discovery of vulnerabilities, the build-up, and the dissemination of cyberattacks has put significant pressure on cybersecurity professionals. For that, security researchers have increasingly resorted to collective action in order to reduce the time needed to characterize and tame outstanding threats. Here, we investigate how joining and contribution dynamics on Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP), an open-source threat intelligence sharing platform, influence the time needed to collectively complete threat descriptions. We find that performance, defined as the capacity to characterize quickly a threat event, is influenced by (i) its own complexity (negatively), by (ii) collective action (positively), and by (iii) learning, information integration, and modularity (positively). Our results inform on how collective action can be organized at scale and in a modular way to overcome a large number of time-critical tasks, such as cybersecurity threats.
Is underutilization of adjuvant therapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer associated with socioeconomic disparities?
Authors: Rodriguez-Quintero Jorge Humberto , Kamel Mohamed K , Jindani Rajika , Zhu Roger , Friedmann Patricia , Vimolratana Marc , Chudgar Neel P , Stiles Brendon
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES

Although adjuvant systemic therapy (AT) has demonstrated improved survival in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it remains underutilized. Recent trials demonstrating improved outcomes with adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted treatment imply that low uptake of systemic therapy in at-risk populations may widen existing outcome gaps. We, therefore, sought to determine factors associated with the underutilization of AT.

METHODS

The National Cancer Database (2010–2018) was queried for patients with completely resected stage II–IIIA NSCLC and stratified based on the receipt of AT. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with AT delivery. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to estimate survival after propensity-matching to adjust for confounders.

RESULTS

Of 37 571 eligible patients, only 20 616 (54.9%) received AT. While AT rates increased over time, multivariable analysis showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43–0.47], male sex (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.93) and multiple comorbidities (aOR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.91) were associated with decreased AT. Socioeconomic factors were additionally associated with underutilization, including public insurance (aOR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.66–0.74), lower education indicators (aOR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97) and living more than 10 miles from a treatment facility (aOR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93). After propensity matching, receipt of adjuvant therapy was associated with improved overall survival (median 76.35 vs 47.57 months, P ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

AT underutilization in patients with resected stage II–III NSCLC is associated with patient, institutional and socioeconomic factors. It is critical to implement measures to address these inequities, especially in light of newer adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy treatment options which are expected to improve survival.
Rationale and design of a randomized trial of the dapagliflozin evaluation on atrial fibrillation patients followed Cox-Maze IV: the DETAIL-CMIV study
Authors: Peng Zhan , Osmanaj Florian , Yang Yunxiao , Hua Kun , Yang Xiubin
Published: November 2023

Aims

Dapagliflozin has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF). However, data concerning the association between dapagliflozin and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in patients following Cox-Maze IV (CMIV), are rare. We aim to explore the effect of dapagliflozin on the recurrence of AF after CMIV with and without T2DM or HF.

Methods and results

The study of dapagliflozin evaluation in AF patients followed by CMIV (DETAIL-CMIV) is a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 240 AF patients who have received the CMIV procedure will be randomized into the dapagliflozin group (10 mg/day, n = 120) and the placebo group (10 mg/day, n = 120) and treated for 3 months. The primary endpoint is any documented atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia) lasting 30 s following a blanking period of 3 months after CMIV.

Conclusion

DETAIL-CMIV will determine whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended post-operative AF therapies, safely reduces the recurrence rate of AF in patients with and without T2DM or HF.
Durability of pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Serban Teodor , Mannhart Diego , Abid Qurrat-ul-ain , Höchli Andres , Lazar Sorin , Krisai Philipp , Bettelini Arianna Sofia , Knecht Sven , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Badertscher Patrick
Published: November 2023

Aims

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plays a central role in the interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Uncertainties remain about the durability of ablation lesions from different energy sources. We aimed to systematically review the durability of ablation lesions associated with various PVI-techniques using different energy sources for the treatment of AF.

Methods and results

Structured systematic database search for articles published between January 2010 and January 2023 reporting PVI-lesion durability as evaluated in the overall cohort through repeat invasive remapping during follow-up. Studies evaluating only a proportion of the initial cohort in redo procedures were excluded. A total of 19 studies investigating 1050 patients (mean age 60 years, 31% women, time to remap 2–7 months) were included. In a pooled analysis, 99.7% of the PVs and 99.4% of patients were successfully ablated at baseline and 75.5% of the PVs remained isolated and 51% of the patients had all PVs persistently isolated at follow-up across all energy sources. In a pooled analysis of the percentages of PVs durably isolated during follow-up, the estimates of RFA were the lowest of all energy sources at 71% (95% CI 69–73, 11 studies), but comparable with cryoballoon (79%, 95%CI 74–83, 3 studies). Higher durability percentages were reported in PVs ablated with laser-balloon (84%, 95%CI 78–89, one study) and PFA (87%, 95%CI 84–90, 2 studies).

Conclusion

We observed no significant difference in the durability of the ablation lesions of the four evaluated energies after adjusting for procedural and baseline populational characteristics.
Losses of sexual dichromatism involve rapid changes in female plumage colors to match males in New World blackbirds
Authors: Price J Jordan , Garcia Karolyn , Eaton Muir D
Published: November 2023

Differences in coloration between the sexes (sexual dichromatism) can increase or decrease in a species through evolutionary changes in either or both sexes diverging or converging in their colors. Few previous studies, however, have examined the relative rates of such changes, particularly when dichromatism is lost. Using reflectance data from 37 species of the New World blackbird family (Icteridae), we compared evolutionary rates of plumage color change in males and females when dichromatism was either increasing (colors diverging) or decreasing (colors converging). Increases in dichromatism involved divergent changes in both sexes at approximately equal rates. Decreases in dichromatism, in contrast, involved changes in females to match male plumage colors that were significantly more rapid than any changes in males. Such dramatic changes in females show how selection can differ between the sexes. Moreover, these evolutionary patterns support the idea that losses of dimorphism involve genetic mechanisms that are already largely present in both sexes, whereas increases in dimorphism tend to involve the appearance of novel sex-specific traits, which evolve more slowly. Our results have broad implications for how sexual dimorphisms evolve.