bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bengali Female Migrants: Domestic Workers in Mumbai
Authors: Banerjee Snigdha , Govil Dipti
Published: October 2018

Female domestic workers are part of the unorganized workforce in India. This trend of keeping women as domestic workers has increased day by day and could be because of lack of education, unemployment and lack of other vocational skills. This article is based on a primary survey in two slums of Mumbai. It highlights the life and living experiences of Bengali female migrants as domestic servants in Mumbai. It reveals their socio-economic status before and after migration and advocates the analysis of female migratory processes and involvement in the urban informal labour sector. It also explores the working conditions and discrimination faced by female migrants at the workplace. Their experiences would illustrate not only the issues faced by domestic workers but also the limitations of the informal labour sector altogether.
Night-time confinement and the practice of realistic medicine
Authors: Thomson Lindsay
Published: October 2018

Night-time confinement is the practice of routinely locking patients in their rooms at night unless there is a contrary clinical indication. It is used in high-secure psychiatric hospitals. This article argues in favour of this practice on the basis of realistic medicine, an individual human rights based approach, the principles of mental health legislation in Scotland and England and cost effectiveness. This is not an academic debate. There is a real danger that those advocating against night-time confinement, if successful, will at best make little difference to the lives of our patients as they sleep, and at worst may hugely impoverish their lives because of reduced daytime activities.

Declaration of interest

L.T. is Medical Director at The State Hospital. Night-time confinement is used within this setting.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Context-Relevant Safe Anesthesia Checklist for Cesarean Delivery in East Africa
Authors: Alexander Louise A. , Newton Mark W. , McEvoy Kendall G. , Newton Micah J. , Mungai Mary , DiMiceli-Zsigmond Mary , Sileshi Bantayehu , Watkins Scott C. , McEvoy Matthew D.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

Maternal mortality rate in developing countries is 20 times higher than in developed countries. Detailed reports surrounding maternal deaths have noted an association between substandard management during emergency events and death. In parallel with these findings, there is increasing evidence for cognitive aids as a means to prevent errors during perioperative crises. However, previously published findings are not directly applicable to cesarean delivery in low-income settings. Our hypothesis was that the use of obstetric anesthesia checklists in the management of high-fidelity simulated obstetrical emergency scenarios would improve adherence to best practice guidelines in low- and middle-income countries.

METHODS:

Accordingly, with input from East African health care professionals, we created a context-relevant obstetric anesthesia checklist for cesarean delivery. Second, clinical observations were performed to assess in a real-world setting. Third, a pilot testing of the cognitive aid was undertaken.

RESULTS:

Clinical observation data highlighted significant deficiencies in the management of obstetric emergencies. The use of the cesarean delivery checklist during simulations of peripartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia showed significant improvement in the percentage of completed actions (pretraining 23% ± 6% for preeclampsia and 22% ± 13% for peripartum hemorrhage, posttraining 75% ± 9% for preeclampsia, and 69% ± 9% for peripartum hemorrhage [P < .0001, both scenarios; data as mean ± standard deviation]).

CONCLUSIONS:

We developed, evaluated, and begun implementation of a context-relevant checklist for the management of obstetric crisis in low- and middle-income countries. We demonstrated not only the need for this tool in a real-world setting but also confirmed its potential efficacy through a pilot simulation study.
Limited Search Characteristics of the Scaled Hypersphere Search Method: A Systematic Case Study for Isomers of BCNOS
Authors: Kodaya Yoshitomo , Yamakado Hideo , Ohno Koichi
Published: October 2018

Efficiency of the isomer exploration of BCNOS was investigated by limited search techniques using the LADD and NRUN options of the Global Reaction Route Mapping (GRRM) program. LADD specifies the number of Anharmonic Downward Distortions (ADDs), which should be preferentially traced from the largest ADD, and NRUN specifies the number of randomly generated initial structures. When the value of NRUN was fixed and the value of LADD was varied, all relatively stable structures (with respect to the most stable structure) below 300 kJ/mol were explored for LADD=1–3. When the value of LADD was fixed and the value of NRUN was varied, most of the low energy structures were obtained for NRUN=1, and the higher energy structures were complemented for larger NRUN values.
From Selling Goods to Selling Services: Firm Responses to Trade Liberalization
Authors: Breinlich Holger , Soderbery Anson , Wright Greg C.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we focus on a new channel of adaptation to trade liberalization, namely the shift toward increased provision of services in lieu of goods production. We exploit variation in European Union trade policy to show that lower manufacturing tariffs lead firms to shift into services provision and out of goods production. We also find that a successful transition is associated with higher firm-level R&D stocks. (JEL D22, F13, F14, L16, L60, L80)
Discounting Disentangled
Authors: Drupp Moritz A. , Freeman Mark C. , Groom Ben , Nesje Frikk
Published: October 2018

The economic values of investing in long-term public projects are highly sensitive to the social discount rate (SDR). We surveyed over 200 experts to disentangle disagreement on the risk-free SDR into its component parts, including pure time preference, the wealth effect, and return to capital. We show that the majority of experts do not follow the simple Ramsey Rule, a widely used theoretical discounting framework, when recommending SDRs. Despite disagreement on discounting procedures and point values, we obtain a surprising degree of consensus among experts, with more than three-quarters finding the median risk-free SDR of 2 percent acceptable. (JEL C83, D61, D82, H43, Q58)
Fleeing a Lame Duck: Policy Uncertainty and Manufacturing Investment in US States
Authors: Falk Nathan , Shelton Cameron A.
Published: October 2018

It is found that electorally induced policy uncertainty decreases manufacturing investment in US states. In a state with average partisan polarization, the elasticity of election-year investment to a specific measure of policy uncertainty is −0.027. When the incumbent governor is term limited, there is greater uncertainty over the outcome, providing an instrument to demonstrate this effect is causal, not simply coincidental. Moreover, manufacturing investment does not rebound following the election. Rather, own-state uncertainty is associated with a large and significant coincident rise in neighboring states’ investment. These findings suggest that policy uncertainty at the subnational level drives investment to alternate sites. (JEL D25, D72, E22, G31, L60, R11)
The Welfare Impact of Second-Best Uniform-Pigouvian Taxation: Evidence from Transportation
Authors: Knittel Christopher R. , Sandler Ryan
Published: October 2018

When consumers or firms don’t face the true social cost of their actions, market outcomes are inefficient. In the case of negative externalities, Pigouvian taxes are one way to correct this market failure, but it may be infeasible to tax the externality directly. The alternative, taxing a related product, will be second-best. In this paper, we show that in the presence of heterogeneous externalities and elasticities, this type of indirect tax performs poorly. In our empirical application, gasoline taxes to address pollution externalities, less than a third of the deadweight loss of the externality is addressed by second-best optimal taxes. (JEL D62, H21, H23, H71, H76, Q53, R48)
Metabolic interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host
Authors: Blume Martin , Seeber Frank
Published: October 2018

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans.T. gondiican replicate in every nucleated host cell by orchestrating metabolic interactions to derive crucial nutrients. In this review, we summarize the current status of known metabolic interactions ofT. gondiiwith its host cell and discuss open questions and promising experimental approaches that will allow further dissection of the host–parasite interface and discovery of ways to efficiently target both tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms ofT. gondii, which are associated with acute and chronic infection, respectively.
Helping children to take control of their emotions
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: October 2018

Stories can help children deal with the challenges in their lives. We explore how they are used in play therapy to provide opportunities to fully enter into other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Post Bawa-Garba: how do we detoxify the climate of fear?
Authors: Vaughan Jenny
Published: October 2018

Are we at a crisis point? Jenny Vaughan discusses how the Bawa-Garba verdict is affecting surgeons across the country.
The non-monetary costs of surgical training
Authors: O’Callaghan JM , Mohan HM , Harries RL
Published: October 2018

Could addressing these issues improve patient outcomes?
Evidence-based cervical screening: experts’ normative views of evidence and the role of the ‘evidence-based brand’
Authors: Williams Jane , Rychetnik Lucie , Carter Stacy
Published: October 2018

Background:

Organised cervical screening programmes are a combination of arrangements designed to maximise benefit and minimise harm associated with cervical cancer at the population level. Many organised programmes are described as ‘evidence-based’, reflecting an expectation that healthcare should be based on the tenets of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). EBM is both normalised and contested.

Aims and objectives:

As part of a larger study of how cervical screening came to be the way it is, we conducted a grounded theory study of cervical screening experts’ perspectives on evidence and its use in guideline development processes.

Methods:

We sampled from several countries and across a range of professional backgrounds. Analysis was developed through transcript coding and memo writing, using constant comparison to develop insight and connections between concepts.

Findings:

We found that the ‘evidence-based’ descriptor was used rhetorically to indicate scientific trustworthiness; in short ‘evidence-based’ indicated ‘good’. Experts held ideal conceptions of evidence and its use as objective and value-free, yet reported experiences that suggested those ideals were unattainable in practice. The ‘evidence-based’ ideal included restricting what counts as evidence to matters of science and epidemiology. This produced pronounced attention to matters of efficacy and effectiveness of cervical screening tests, and neglected decisions relating to the other arrangements that combine to produce an organised screening programme.

Discussion and conclusions:

Rhetorical use of the ‘evidence-based brand’ appeals to a particular kind of authority: one which is difficult to achieve in practice, and belies the variety of information that is required and the socially negotiated nature of policy and programme decisions.
Implications of Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics Use for Clinical Laboratory Testing
Authors: Lázár-Molnár Eszter , Delgado Julio C
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Monoclonal antibody therapeutics (MATs) represent a rapidly expanding class of biological drugs used to treat a variety of diseases. The widespread use of MATs increasingly affects clinical laboratory medicine.

CONTENT

This review provides an overview of MATs currently approved for clinical use in the US, starting from basic biology of antibodies to the engineering, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, nomenclature, and production of MATs. Immunogenicity and the production of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) play a major role in loss of therapeutic response and the development of treatment failure to certain MATs. Laboratory-based monitoring for MATs and detection of ADAs represent emerging needs for optimizing the use of MATs to achieve the best outcomes at affordable cost. In addition, the increased use of MATs affects clinical laboratory testing by interference of MATs with clinical laboratory tests across different areas of laboratory medicine, including histocompatibility, blood bank, and monoclonal protein testing.

The number of MATs is rapidly growing each year to address previously unmet clinical needs. Laboratory monitoring of MATs and detecting ADAs represent expanding areas of laboratory testing. Test-based strategies allow for treatment optimization at the level of the individual patient, thus providing a personalized medicine approach. In addition, clinical laboratories must be aware that the increasing use of MATs affects laboratory testing and be ready to implement methods to eliminate or mitigate interference with clinical tests.
The world of Mrs Exeter: The older woman of fashion in mid-twentieth-century America
Authors: Mally Lynn
Published: October 2018

In the summer of 1948, the American edition of Vogue magazine invented a fictional character named Mrs Exeter. Her purpose was to provide fashion advice to women aged 50 and beyond. Articles focusing on Mrs Exeter were a repeating feature in the magazine until 1962, giving unusual attention to the clothing needs of older women. The figure of Mrs Exeter had considerable influence, spreading to British Vogue, newspaper advertisements and the home sewing network. Using Vogue publications, contemporary newspapers and memoirs, this article traces how the United States’ premier fashion magazine envisioned the well-off older woman. While the fictional Mrs Exeter was white and privileged, she nonetheless provided a way to address changes in all women’s bodies as they age. This is something that contemporary discussions of fashion for older women often ignore.
‘Better in stereo’: Doubled and divided representations of postfeminist girlhood on the Disney Channel
Authors: Beail Linda , Lupo Lindsey , Beail Caroline
Published: October 2018

Disney’s cable channel has global reach and the highest audience share among 9–14 year olds, demonstrating its powerful influence in constructing narratives for young citizens. It has produced several films and television shows aimed at tween girls, which embody the paradoxes and ‘double entanglements’ of postfeminism discussed by Angela McRobbie. These representations demonstrate many postfeminist characteristics, such as a focus on girls’ empowerment and neoliberal agency; temporal anxiety and time travel; commodification of racial difference; affluence and consumerism; the assumption of gender equality, even as its achievement makes it politically irrelevant; and femininity/romance as girls’ free and natural choice. This paper examines current Disney Channel hits such as Liv and Maddie, Girl Meets World, K.C. Undercover, Teen Beach Movie and Teen Beach 2. The doubling of female identity – following the Hannah Montana pattern of a double life, and replicated in K.C. Undercover and the Teen Beach movies by creating past/present dyads of characters from the 1960s/1970s and the present day – creates the opportunity to represent contrasting ideas of femininity and feminist history, engaging a politics of nostalgia that erases feminism as a political movement, while reaffirming a neoliberal notion of postfeminist girlhood.
WANITA ASIA DALAM IMAJINASI DIGITAL: KAJIAN LITERATUR ATAS ORIENTALISME
Authors: Haeri Iman Zanatul
Published: October 2018

Globalization is marked with the spread of Western culture technology products. One of the Western cultural products that are very influential was Hollywood movies. Fictitious narratives produced the some imaginative ideas that apply also on social media communicative as dating site, video porn sites, until advertising. The awareness of imaginative west of geopolitics outside himself or Other revealed by Edward Said in Orientalism. Said that initially examine the practice of West imaginative through Literature opens up the possibility of resumption of studies on other media with the idea that the West has distortion of the knowledge of the East, one considers that the exotic East. Exotic ideas still present in western digital imagination when respect women Asia as the representation of the women of the east. Some Hollywood movies, dating site, video porn sites until the advertisements still presents stereotypes Asian women foreign, mysterious, strange and sensual display. Asian women trapped in exotic role in the Digital imagination space. They exoticiziation and exoticted themselves before the digital public. Globalisation and the development of communications technology in digital imagination proved does not stop the stereotypes against Asian women that they exotic. Thus through digital imagination and the will of the global capitalism, representation Asian women shown, celebrated, promoted and taken advantage of it.Keywords: digital imagination, women Asia, post-Orientalism, exoticAbstrakGlobalisasi ditandai dengan tersebarnya produk teknologi budaya Barat. Salah satu produk budaya Barat yang sangat berpengaruh adalah film Hollywood. Narasi fiktif tersebut menghasilkan beberapa gagasan imajinatif yang berlaku juga pada media sosial komunikatif seperti situs kencan, video porno, hingga iklan. Kesadaran imajinatif barat terhadap geopolitik di luar dirinya atau other diungkap oleh Edward Said dalam Orientalisme. Said yang pada awalnya mengkaji praktik imajinatif Barat melalui Sastra membuka peluang terbukanya kajian pada media lainnya dengan gagasan bahwa Barat memiliki distorsi pengetahuan tentang Timur, salah satunya menganggap bahwa Timur Eksotis. Gagasan eksotis tetap hadir dalam imajinasi digital Barat ketika memandang Wanita Asia sebagai representasi wanita timur. Beberapa film Hollywood, situs kencan, video porno hingga iklan masih menghadirkan stereotip Wanita Asia yang asing, misterius, aneh dan sensual. Wanita Asia terjebak pada peran eksotisnya dalam ruang imajinasi digital tersebut. Mereka dieksotiskan dan mengeksotiskan diri di hadapan publik digital. Globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dalam imajinasi digital terbukti tidak menghentikan stereotip terhadap wanita asia bahwa mereka eksotis. Justru melalui imajinasi digital dan kehendak kapitalisme global, representasi wanita asia dipertontonkan, dirayakan, dipromosikan dan diambil keuntungan darinya.Kata kunci: imajinasi digital, wanita Asia, pasca-Orientalisme, eksotis
TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE CHAM DIASPORA IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Sari Betti Rosita
Published: October 2018

This article is concerned with the Cham diaspora in Malaysia, who maintain transnational ties to their home land of “Kampong Cham” in Cambodia. With the process of movement and resettlement, this community confronted real challenges and had to develop new ways of life in a new milieu. From traditional forms of farming and fishing, which had been their main sources of economic support in Cambodia, these people transformed their main traditional activities to develop commercially-oriented economic activities in their new settlement.This paper aimed to answer two questions, first, how migrants use patron client relationships to survive and pursue their life in Malaysia. Second, how Cham diaspora in Malaysia who take the role of ethnic entrepreneur or patron help other migrants to negotiate transnational space and therefore facilitate transnationalism. This ethnic network plays an important role in their ethnic businesses and economic survival strategy, both for the previous migrant and new comer migrants. This paper contributes to a contemporary issue of Cham diaspora in Malaysia, one of ethnic minority in Cambodia and their strategy to face globalization by establishing transnational networking.  Keywords: Diaspora, Cham, transnational migration, entrepreneurship, ethnic network, Malaysia AbstrakArtikel ini berkaitan dengan diaspora Cham di Malaysia, yang mempertahankan hubungan transnasional dengan tanah asal mereka "Kampong Cham" di Kamboja. Dengan proses perpindahan dan pemukiman kembali, komunitas ini menghadapi tantangan nyata dan harus mengembangkan cara hidup baru di lingkungan baru. Dari bentuk tradisional pertanian dan perikanan, yang merupakan sumber utama dukungan ekonomi mereka di Kamboja, orang-orang ini mengubah kegiatan tradisional utama mereka untuk mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomi berorientasi komersial di pemukiman baru mereka. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan, pertama, bagaimana migran menggunakan hubungan klien patron untuk bertahan dan mengejar kehidupan mereka di Malaysia. Kedua, bagaimana Cham diaspora di Malaysia yang mengambil peran pengusaha etnis atau pelindung membantu migran lainnya untuk menegosiasikan ruang transnasional dan karena itu memfasilitasi transnasionalisme. Jaringan etnik ini memegang peranan penting dalam bisnis etnik dan strategi bertahan hidup ekonomi mereka, baik bagi pendatang migran migran sebelumnya maupun pendatang baru. Makalah ini berkontribusi pada isu kontemporer Cham diaspora di Malaysia, salah satu etnis minoritas di Kamboja dan strategi mereka untuk menghadapi globalisasi dengan membangun jaringan transnasional. Kata kunci: Diaspora, Cham, migrasi transnasional, kewirausahaan, jaringan etnik, Malaysia
GERAKAN MASYARAKAT ADAT SAMI DAN KONTESTASI SUMBER DAYA ALAM
Authors: Ismanto Manggala
Published: October 2018

The main agenda of the indigenous movement is fighting for political and cultural rights of ethnic minority communities in accordance with unique historical and cultural practices that they have. As Kymlicka said, minority rights must also be fought because they are on a system that is governed by the majority who pretend to produce injustice. Sami Indigenous Movement in Norway is a form of a long struggle to obtain the right independently to manage natural resources. Currently Sami struggling to maintain the uniqueness of the cultural identity and living practices that have been owned for generations. This paper would like to see the establishment of indigenous peoples' movement Sami in Norway as well as the practice of social movements committed to demanding social change related to self-governance and autonomy of management of natural resources.Keywords: Indigenous Movement, Sami People, Identity,  Otonomy,Natural Resource ManagementAbstrakAgenda utama dalam gerakan adat atau indigenous movement adalah memperjuangkan hak politik dan budaya komunitas etnis yang menjadi minoritas sesuai dengan keunikan historis serta praktik budaya yang mereka miliki. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh Kymlicka, bahwa hak-hak minoritas juga harus diperjuangkan karena mereka berada pada sistem yang diatur oleh mayoritas yang berpretensi menghasilkan ketidakadilan. Gerakan Masyarakat Adat Sami di Norwegia merupakan bentuk perjuangan panjang untuk memperoleh hak secara mandiri untuk mengelola sumber daya alam. Saat ini masyarakat Sami berjuang untuk mempertahankan keunikan identitas budaya dan praktik hidup yang telah dimiliki secara turun temurun. Tulisan ini ingin melihat pembentukan gerakan masyarakat adat Sami di Norwegia serta praktik gerakan sosial yang dilakukan untuk menuntut perubahan sosial terkait dengan self-governancedan otonomi pengelolaan sumber daya alam.Kata kunci: Gerakan Masyarakat Adat, Sami, Identitas, Otonomi, Pengelolaan Sumber DayaAlam
Ensacamento de inflorescências de copo-de-leite para proteção contra a abelha irapuá (Trigona spinipes)
Authors: Carvalho Lívia Mendes , Ladeira Verônica Aparecida , Almeida Elka Fabiana Aparecida , Santa-Cecília Lenira Viana Costa , Brighenti Deodoro Magno , Resende Erivelton
Published: October 2018

Stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an important pest of calla lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.), damaging flowers, especially the spadix. The aim was to identify the most efficient packaging for bagging calla lily inflorescences, aiming to protect against the attack of stingless bee and to maintain postharvest quality. The experiment was carried out in a calla lily plantation cultivated in soil under 50% shading screen. Treatments consisted in bagging calla lily flowers with: 1) brown kraft paper bag, 2) non-woven fabric (NWF) bag; 3) transparent plastic bag, 4) transparent micro-perforated plastic bag and 5) control (without bagging). The experimental design was completely randomized with 25 replicates and one inflorescence per plot. Inflorescences received treatments when they presented definitive color, but still with completely closed spathe. Seven days after bagging, inflorescences were collected and evaluated for damages caused by insects in the field and the postharvest characteristics. Postharvest quality evaluations of inflorescences were performed for 12 days, observing expansion of the spathe in length and width, stem weight and visual quality expressed by the number of days that remained in each class. The bagging of calla lily inflorescences was efficient in the control of stingless bee, regardless of packaging used, because under these conditions, no inflorescence presented damage. In control, 84% of damaged inflorescences were observed. Differences in postharvest characteristics were observed and inflorescences remained for longer periods in the process of spathe opening, which is characterized by the measurement of their length and width, when packed. Among packages, NWF allowed longer spathe length at the 6th day of evaluation, larger width at 7th day of evaluation and less fresh mass loss at the end of the experiment (8%). In control, reduction of spathe measurements from the first day of evaluation and loss of 11% of fresh mass were observed. It was concluded that NWF is an efficient packaging to protect calla lily against the attack of stingless bee without compromising the postharvest quality of inflorescences.
In vivo and in vitro propagation of “macela”: a medicinal-aromatic native plant with ornamental potential
Authors: Guariniello Julián , Iannicelli Jésica , Peralta Patricia Angélica , Escandón Alejandro Salvio
Published: October 2018

Achyrocline satureioides is a shrub native from South America. In popular medicine it is used in infusions such as digestive, carminative, antispasmodic, eupeptic and emmenagogue. However, its main use is as an ingredient in the liquor industry. Commercial exploitation is carried out through the collection of natural populations in an unsustainable way. The micropropagation of A. satureioides will allow its massive propagation and it will settle a base for its domestication. For this, a clone denominated as M1-5 was first propagated by cuttings. Subsequently, nodal segments obtained from young stems were disinfected by a standard method and cultured on MS medium. These shoots were used as a source of explants for subsequent assays. For its in vitro establishment MS medium and WPM were tested. Once the culture was established, the responses of the explants to increasing concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0; 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 μM) with and without 0.05 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on WPM as basal medium were studied during 35 days. The proliferation of buds, the presence of callus and the number and length of the roots were evaluated. All of the “macela” cuttings in vivo propagated rooted and developed satisfactorily under the conditions tested. The application of 5.0 μM BAP alone generated the best multiplication rate, so it was selected as the multiplication medium. De novo shoots rooted spontaneously and finally, transferred to the greenhouse. Here in it was possible to establish a micropropagation protocol not only for the production of plantlets of selected clones but also for the application of biotechnological tools in the development of A. satureioides germplasm.
From the Sum of Near-Zero Energy Buildings to the Whole of a Near-Zero Energy Housing Settlement: The Role of Communal Spaces in Performance-Driven Design
Authors: Artopoulos Georgios , Pignatta Gloria , Santamouris Mattheos
Published: October 2018

Almost a century ago Modernism challenged the structure of the city and reshaped its physical space in order to, amongst other things, accommodate new transportation infrastructure and road networks proclaiming the, nowadays much-debated ‘scientificated’ pursuit of efficiency for the city. This transformation has had a great impact on the way humans still design, move in, occupy and experience the city. Today major cities in Europe, such as Paris and London, are considering banning vehicles from their historic centers. In parallel, significant effort is currently underway internationally by designers, architects, and engineers to integrate innovative technologies and sophisticated solutions for energy production, management, and storage, as well as for efficient energy consumption, into the architecture of buildings. In general, this effort seeks for new technologies and design methods (e.g., DesignBuilder with EnergyPlus simulation engine; Rhicoceros3D with Grasshopper plugin and Ecotect, Radiance and EnergyPlus tools) that would enable a holistic approach to the spatial design of Near-Zero Energy buildings, so that their ecological benefits are an added value to the architectural design and a building’s visual, and material, impact on its surrounding space. The paper inquires how the integration of such technological infrastructure and performance-orientated interfaces changes yet again the structure and form of cities, and to what extent it safeguards social rights and enables equal access to common resources. Drawing from preliminary results and initial considerations of ongoing research that involve the construction of four innovative NZE settlements across Europe, in the context of the EU-funded ZERO-PLUS project, this paper discusses the integration of novel infrastructure in communal spaces of these settlements. In doing so, it contributes to the debate about smart communities and their role in the sustainable management of housing developments and settlements that are designed and developed with the concept of smart territories.
Legal Issues for Ensuring Security in Tourism and Countering Terrorist Threats
Authors: KOLESNIKOV Yuriy A. , PUSHKAR Maryna V. , VISHNEVSKA Yulia V. , SHVETS Yuriy Yu.
Published: October 2018

The development of terrorism is increasingly contributing to the debate about its impact on the tourism sector. Thus, this article is aimed to explore the place of terrorism in the international legal regulation of tourism. The study was carried out by integrated approach to legal expertise of documents of international organizations. Based on the fact that attacks on foreign tourists have increased in certain regions of the world, relation between tourism and terrorism was established. It was revealed that The Hague Declaration on Tourism is the main international legal and regulatory act in the field of tourism. We came to conclusion that complexity of regulation of international tourism is that tourism actually affects on all branches of law. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a new declaration, focused on principles of countering terrorist threat to international tourism and tourists.
The Dynamics of International Tourism and Economic Growth Convergence in ASEAN+3
Authors: SARA I Made , DHARMANEGARA Ida Bagus Agung , KORRI I Nyoman Sugawa
Published: October 2018

This study aims to analyze the impact of the tourism sector on economic growth and to identify the convergence of economic growth both in absolute and conditional of ASEAN + 3 countries. The analytical method used is Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moment (AB-GMM) with the period of 2003-2015 for 13 ASEAN countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam plus China, Republic of Korea and Japan. The variables used are Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and International Tourist Arrival.

The results show that conditional convergence beta by entering tourism indicator has the speed of convergence process in economic growth compared to without entering the tourism indicator. However, the half-life that needed is long enough to achieve steady-state conditions, and it is important to get the attention of policymakers and relevant stakeholders in accelerating the achievement of growth targets through tourism.
Innovation Strategy the Development of Competitifeness of Eco-Based Coastal Tourism Destination, Management Organization and Quality of Services
Authors: UDIYANA Ida Bagus Gede , SUASTAMA Ida Bagus Radendra , ASTINI Ni Nyoman Seri , MAHANAVAMI Gusti Ayu , KARWINI Ni Ketut , MARETTA Yoris Adi
Published: October 2018

This study aims to identify the condition of internal factors, external factors and the formulation of innovation strategies for the development of competitiveness of eco-based coastal tourism destinations, management organizations and service quality. This type of research is qualitative research. Methods of data collection using methods of observation, documentation and interviews. Respondents are determined purposively based on the purpose of this research. Data analysis techniques used are Internal Factor Analysis Strategic (IFAS), External Factor Analysis Strategic (EFAS) and SWOT matrix model. The results of this study indicate that the internal factor condition consists of strengths showing that natural conditions white sandy beaches, calm blue water and strong community support. Desa Pakraman organization and management are given full authority and responsibility to manage this coastal tourist destination. The weakness is the low entrepreneurial spirit and the quality of local human resources, as well as the preservation of the environment. External factors indicate that opportunities are based on the economic aspect of improving entrepreneurship and empowering local entrepreneurs to own and manage businesses, and strong synergy among stakeholders. Threats to coastal tourism destinations are land tenure by investors, regional carrying capacity, exploitation and environmental pollution. The main strategies for developing coastal tourism destinations through Growth Inovation Strategy are formulated through innovation and infrastructure innovation strategies, organizational innovation and management strategies and innovative service quality strategies.
Supply Chain Management Evidence from Tourism Industry in Greece
Authors: KOT Sebastian , KOZICKA Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

The article aims is presentation of Supply Chain Management issues introduced in tourism enterprises. The tourist product constitutes a mixture of services and resources offered and controlled by several businesses, organizations and authorities, implementation of SCM with the common responsibility allow for development of actions along with a cooperative atmosphere among all tourist partners. The paper consists of investigating the tourism development with SCM introduction and the study results on SCM introduction in chosen Greek enterprises located in Crete Island. Based on the obtained preliminary results, the performance trends of the tourist chain elements have been elaborated in order to increase their efficiency.
PREVENTING AND EXITING VIOLENCE: ADOMAIN FOR SOCIOLOGY?
Authors: WIEVIORKA Michel
Published: October 2018

Preventing and exiting violence is a central problem of social sciences. Violence-related information mainly comes from medical specialists, consultant psychiatrists, experts, lawyers, diplomatic officials, representatives of NGO and others. Today this area of knowledge needs a separate discipline operating at individual and group level (recovery of victims or punishment for abusers), national level (building democracy or justice during the interregnum) and global level (for example, how the ISIL activities will shape the situation in the Middle East). Nonetheless, the idea of transformation of violence, crisis logic, discourse and institutional conflicts is core.
A RISE AND PROGRESSION OF MIGRATION AND ETHNICITY STUDIES IN JAPAN’S SOCIOLOGY
Authors: MIZUKAM Tetsuo
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to provide an overview of migration and ethnic studies in Japan’s sociology and gives primary attention to some well-known sociological works. A dramatic change to the way ethnicity and related matters are understood in Japan occurred in the mid-1980s due to a significant increase in the arrival of foreigners to the country. This encouraged the field of migration and ethnicity studies, and such research has flourished ever since. In what can be described as a ‘new dawn’ for this specific field of studies, there have recently been various examples of the ethnographic documentation of fieldwork conducted in Japan’s ethnic communities. Prior to these more recent developments, the primary focus of migration and ethnicity studies was in the social lives of many Korean residents in Japan throughout their successive generations. However, the development of the study to focus upon ‘newcomers’ as newly arrived foreigners, has in turn brought about a sustained re-focusing upon the ‘old-comers.’ Now issues of migrant-intake have become public concerns, and the Japanese government’s policies have recently become more open than those in previous periods.
TRANSNATIONALISM ONLINE: EXPLORING MIGRATION PROCESSES WITH LARGE DATA SETS
Authors: STARIKOV Valentin S. , NEE Maxim L. , IVANOVA Anastasia A.
Published: October 2018

The exponential growth of online technologies in everyday life transforms the very contours of social phenomena, processes, and institutions well known to sociologists. We discuss these transformations in two interrelated areas: transnational migration and extremism. First, the paper proposes an approach to examine «transnationalism online» as a sub-set of transnational migration studies. Second, it presents a critical review of how contemporary scholars study extremist activities and discourse of those who are involved in migration with a special focus on online manifestations of extremism. In a concluding part of the paper we present theoretical and methodological comments on the paths in examining the «dark side» of transnationalism online.
SPORT PRACTICES IN BIHAR AND UTTAR PRADESH: MAKING OF “SPORTS SOCIOLOGY” IN INDIA
Authors: TEWARI Sanjay , TEWARI Sanjana
Published: October 2018

States of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the focus of this investigation, is a geographical term used to describe the area of the India. This research is premised on the argument that the wealth and power exposure currently associated with sports in India, coupled with its status as one of the most coalescing features of Indian culture and society, presents it as a potentially powerful tool for development. As such, the broad aim is to explore trends and debates from the emerging ‘development through sport’ literature, as well as those from wider development theory, in the context of sports in India. This is challenging, as sports sociological studies here have yet to make a way.
KARL MARX IN TIME OF VICTORIOUS CAPITALISM: A REVIEW OF NEW AND NOTEWORTHY RESEARCH
Authors: ZHIKHAREVICH Dmitrii M. , TREGUBOVA Natalia D.
Published: October 2018

This paper is an extended review of selected conferences and other academic events devoted to Marx’s 200th anniversary held in 2018. The authors review a collection of the papers presented during these events and reflect on the current position of Marxist and Marxiological scholarship on contemporary campuses in the time of «academic capitalism».
Eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian under the extended Ricci flow
Authors: Abolarinwa Abimbola
Published: October 2018

Let ∆φ
= ∆ − ∇φ∇ be a symmetric diffusion operator with an invariant weighted volume measure dμ = e
−φ

dν on an n-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold (M, g), where g = g(t) solves the extended Ricci flow. We study the evolution and monotonicity of the first nonzero eigenvalue of ∆φ
and we obtain several monotone quantities along the extended Ricci flow and its volume preserving version under some technical assumption. We also show that the eigenvalues diverge in a finite time for n ≥ 3. Our results are natural extensions of some known results for Laplace–Beltrami operators under various geometric flows.
Reduced critical Bellman–Harris branching processes for small populations
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir A. , Hong Wenming , Ji Yao
Published: October 2018

A critical Bellman-Harris branching process {Z(t),t ≥ 0} with finite variance of the offspring number is considered. Assuming that 0 < Z(t) ≤ φ(t), where either φ(t) = o(t) as t → ∞ or φ(t) = at,a>0, we study the structure of the process where Z(s,t) is the number of particles in the initial process at moment s which either survive up to moment t or have a positive number of descendants at this moment.
Estimates of the mean size of the subset image under composition of random mappings
Authors: Zubkov Andrey M. , Serov Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2018

Let XNbe a set ofNelements andF1,F2,… be a sequence of random independent equiprobable mappings XN→N. For a subsetS0⊂ XN, |S0|=m, we consider a sequence of its imagesSt=Ft(…F2(F1(S0))…),t=1,2… An approach to the exact recurrent computation of distribution of |St| is described. Two-sided inequalities forM{|St|||S0|=m} such that the difference between the upper and lower bounds iso(m)form,t,N→ ∞,mt=o(N) are derived. The results are of interest for the analysis of time-memory tradeoff algorithms.
Stress-sensing and regulatory mechanism of the endoplasmic-stress sensors Ire1 and PERK
Authors: Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Le Giang Quynh , Kimata Yukio
Published: October 2018

Ire1 and its family protein PERK are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress sensors that initiate cellular responses against ER accumulation of unfolded proteins. As reviewed in this article, many publications describe molecular mechanisms by which yeast Ire1 senses ER conditions and gets regulated. We also cover recent studies which reveal that mammalian Ire1 (IRE1α) and PERK are controlled in a similar but not exactly the same manner. ER-located molecular chaperone BiP captures these ER-stress sensors and suppresses their activity. Intriguingly, Ire1 is associated with BiP not as a chaperone substrate, but as a unique ligand. Unfolded proteins accumulated in the ER promote dissociation of the Ire1-BiP complex. Moreover, Ire1 is directly bound with unfolded proteins, leading to its cluster formation and potent activation. PERK also captures unfolded proteins and then forms self-oligomers. Meanwhile, membrane-lipid aberrancy is likely to activate these ER-stress sensors independently of ER accumulation of unfolded proteins. In addition, there exist a number of reports that touch on other factors that control activity of these ER-stress sensors. Such a multiplicity of regulatory mechanisms for these ER-stress sensors is likely to contribute to fine tuning of their activity.
Peer educator training program for enhancing knowledge on issues in the growth and development of adolescents and risk behavior problems in Indonesian context
Authors: Susanto Tantut , Rahmawati lis , Wantiyah
Published: October 2018

Objective

This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator (PE) knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods

The study was conducted in 31 of PEs to evaluate their knowledge in adolescents. The PEs received health education and were assessed by individual work during the structured three-week programme. Data were collected before and after the training programme as pre- and post-tests.

Results

The PE demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge after attending the three-week structured training programme. The post-test scores had significant effects on the dimensions of PE knowledge scores. The PE become knowledgeable to maintain and monitor adolescents health issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents.

Conclusions

The PE become knowledgeable to respond to the adolescent problems and readiness to become PE during puberty.
A systematic review of the effect of mobile health on cardiac rehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Liu Hui , Xiao Xiao , Lu Chun-Mei , Ling Dong-Lan , Wei Rui-Hong
Published: October 2018

Objective

Mobile health (mHealth) provides an innovative and effective approach to promote prevention and management of coronary heart disease. However, the magnitude of its effects is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the impact of mHealth-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes among coronary heart disease patients.

Methods

Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, NICE, and Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2002 and March 2017 which compared mHealth with conventional cardiac rehabilitation programs among coronary heart disease patients.

Results

Eight articles were included in this review. The impact of mHealth interventions on physical activity, medicine adherence, smoking cessation, level of anxiety, and quality of life was inconsistent among the articles.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to conclusively determine the impact of mHealth interventions on cardiac rehabilitation outcomes. The limitations of the included studies (e.g., inadequate sample size, failure to address the core components of cardiac rehabilitation programs, and lack of theory-based design) should be taken into account when designing future studies.
Family characteristics on self-reported toothache among Indonesian children aged 12–14 years
Authors: Misrohmasari Elyda Akhya Afida , Hadnyanawati Hestieyonini , Kiswaluyo  , Prihartiningrum Berlian , Putri Dina Eka
Published: October 2018

Objective

Toothache was reported as a reason for school absenteeism, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite, and seeking dental treatment among children. These represented some impacts of dental problems on health, quality of life, and socioeconomic problems. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of toothache among 12–14-year-old children in Indonesia and their family characteristics and to analyze the associations of family characteristics on the toothache.

Methods

We analyzed the data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 in 2014–2015. A total of 2,377 children aged 12–14 years were included in this survey. This age is the early stage of eruption of all permanent teeth. Children were asked about their experience on toothache in the last 4 weeks as a dependent variable. The independent variables were the family socioeconomic characteristics including father's and mother's highest educational level, family income, and the number of children in the family. A logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship of family characteristics with toothache experience of children.

Results

Toothache experience was reported from 13.9% of the respondents. Descriptive statistics showed that higher percentages of toothache were experienced by male children and children from family with lower parental education and economic position as well as from bigger family. However, logistic regression showed that only the number of children in the family had a statistically positive association with self-reported toothache of the children. Children living in the family with more than four children were more likely reported toothache than living in the family with one or two children (P=0.012; odds ratio [OR]=1.53). Children living with more siblings may experience less attention from their parents on oral health hygiene. Poor oral health habits could result in dental pain.

Conclusions

Descriptive statistics showed that a higher percentage of toothache was experienced by children from lower socioeconomic families, although the only significant association was the number of children in the family.