bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SECURITY PRIORITIES IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: Hnylytska L. , Melnychuk D. , Boguslavska S. , Pidvalna O. , Chechetova-Terashvili T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article establishes a causal relationship between economic security and efficiency of the enterprise and hypothesizes about the need to expand approaches to analytical evaluation of efficiency, taking into account the security priorities of the enterprise. It has been proved that in the present conditions, the effectiveness of the activities of domestic enterprises is characterized not only by achieving a positive value of the financial result (profit), but also by the ability to withstand modern economic challenges to ensure the continuity of statutory activities. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to develop a safe-oriented model for evaluating the effectiveness of the enterprise and forming scientifically based recommendations for use as its methodological basis indicators that characterize the level of economic security. The methodological basis of the safety-oriented model is a system of balanced economic indicators, which ensures the evaluation of the efficiency of the enterprise from the standpoint of systemic integrity and enables multi-vector analysis of efficiency with trend determination and highlighting the most significant factors that influence the change in profitof the enterprise.. Unlike the classic efficiency assessment model based on coefficient analysis, which provides for the calculation of generalizing efficiency coefficients without taking into account external factors of influence on the activities of the enterprise, the safe and indicative model is based on methodological approaches to the consistency of certain groups of financial and economic indicators that characterize the impact of threats to the internal and external environment of the enterprise’s functioning to change the basic level of efficiency. The safety-oriented model of performance assessment was tested in the activities of agro-industrial enterprises . 2) in the emergence of reserves for increasing efficiency by leveling the impact of threats to the internal and externalenvironment; 3) establishing subordination between indicators in determining the general (effective) indicators that characterize the achieved level of efficiency of the enterprise; 4) the implementation of dynamic and factor analysis of the efficiency of the enterprise.
Keywords: economic security, efficiency of the enterprise, analytical evaluation of efficiency, balanced indicators system, factor analysis, trend (dynamic) analysis, efficiency coefficients.
JEL Classification H55, H56, М40
Formulas: 0; fig.:1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 34.
FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY
Authors: Blikhar M. , Mykhalitska N. , Veresklia M. , Komarnytska I. , Koziar G.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determine the main direction of its provision with the emphasis on the priority development of the real sector of the economy. The financial security issue has become of paramount importance and relevance not only for Ukraine but for other countries as well. The study of foreign experience showed that stagflation of the 1970s provoked an erroneous neoliberal economic reaction. Policy responses were focused on deregulation of markets, in particular labour and financial markets, on the one hand, and on achieving the price stability instead of full employment on the other hand. This neoliberal «counterrevolution» created the conditions for the emergence of «financialization» or «finance-dominated capitalism» since the early 1980s first in the USA and Great Britain and then spread around the world. Over the past 30 or so years, finance began to dominate the industry, and non-financial corporations are increasingly engaged in financial rather than production activities. For instance, in Japan it resulted in the Great Recession. In Ukraine such policy has been implemented since the early 2000s under the influence of IMF requirements. As a result, the economy has lost the ability to provide a decent standard of living for the population and encouraged the labour migration and the increase of debt burden which was practically unavoidable without catastrophic consequences for state sovereignty. It is proposed to redirect the economic policy of Ukraine from spontaneous development of the «mechanism of financialization» to the creation of a mechanism for the development of real economy and effective creation of high-wage jobs complemented by the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and improving the regulatory requirements for legal regulation of public relations related to ensuring the financial security of the state.
Keywords: financial security, gross external debt, liability, social responsibility, law, labour migration; employment of population, budget deficit.
JEL Classification Е02, H63, K10, M14, O11
Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 26.
INVESTMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE: CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Kosovych V. , Kosovych B. , Rym O.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article deals with the research of the creation of conditions for the socialization of economic relations in modern Ukraine — legal regulation of social entrepreneurship investment. The Ukrainian state actively implements world economic trends and legal standards into national practice. These include social entrepreneurship and its legal support. It is stated that the main priorities of social entrepreneurship today are: development of social innovations, ecology, health care, education, vocational training, employment of people with disabilities, welfare, development of territories, culture, etc. In Ukraine, social entrepreneurship has a somewhat undeveloped character, primarily due to a lack of funds for its development.
There is no specific legal regulation of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The main form of domestic social entrepreneurship is a charitable activity of public organizations. It is emphasized that the success of projects in the field of social entrepreneurship depends to a large extent on foreign investment. Investor rights in Ukraine are protected by advanced legislation and, despite bureaucratic obstacles, are guaranteed by the state. It is noted that the analysis of domestic economic and legal practice indicates the existence of social and legal prerequisites for successful investment in social entrepreneurship. Among these prerequisites, the following are outlined: public willingness and organizational support of the state, international assistance, presence of interested social groups, and availability of special draft laws that should stimulate the formation, development, and activity of social enterprises as the main form of social entrepreneurship. Attention is drawn to the fact that the draft Law of Ukraine «On Social Enterprise» changes social entrepreneurship ideology from charitable to entrepreneurial activity, which is combined with the implementation of innovation and solution of social problems. In particular, this approach is attractive for both internal and external investors and is the basis for social entrepreneurship’s future success.
It is concluded that the proposed research can be of interest to both potential investors and investors who are already working in Ukraine and would like to develop or diversify their activities.
Keywords: investments, social entrepreneurship, protection of investor rights, economic and legal preconditions for social entrepreneurship.
JEL classіfіcatіon E20 G20 O35 K20
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 21.
Design features of negative feedback and power smoothing filter of the DC / DC converter with pulse loads for transmitter-receiver modules of active electronically scanned arrays
Authors: Dmitrikov Vladimir F. , Petrochenko Alexander Y. , Rozanov Andrey A.
Published: May 2021

The fundamental difference of the voltage converter of the secondary power supply source for the transmitter-receiver modules of active electronically scanned arrays with impulse load and variable duty cycle from traditional voltage converters that constantly consume power from the primary network is shown. Methods for improving the quality of transient processes in voltage converter with constant power consumption during start-up by soft start are not applicable to improve the quality of transients in periodic current pulses caused by a pulsed load. Since any ripples, noises, instabilities in the power supply of the transmitter-receiver modules of active electronically scanned arrays operating in a linear mode lead to parasitic amplitude modulation of the emitted signal and to a deterioration in the quality of selection and target tracking, very strict requirements are imposed on the quality of the transmitter-receiver modules supply voltage (voltage ripple kп ≤ 0,5 %, the amount of overshoot of the output voltage sU ≤ 2 %, etc.). The article shows that such a quality of the output voltage with a pulsed load of the transmitter-receiver modules of active electronically scanned arrays can be obtained using a lower-type voltage converter, with a double-circuit negative feedback for the output voltage and current of the inductor, with a storage capacitor and with a power smoothing filter with the characteristics of Chebyshev and Butterworth. The work investigated the influence of the negative feedback depth on the output voltage and current of the smoothing filter choke, the value of the storage capacitor capacity, the type and parameters of the smoothing filter, and recommendations were given to select their optimal values, at which the required quality of the supply voltage for the transmitter-receiver modules of active electronically scanned arrays was ensured, taking into account the minimization of their dimensions.
COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANT-SUPPORTED REMOVABLE OVERDENTURES DURING 12 MONTHS OF USE
Authors: Dubova Lyubov , Ozhigov Evgeniy , Nagiltsev Denis
Published: May 2021

Subject. A comparative assessment of the state of the stomatognathic system on the example of the bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients who used removable implant-supported overdentures with bar fixation system, made by two different methods: traditional and using digital methods of treatment planning and manufacturing was carried out.

Objectives. To compare the changes of bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients with removable implant-supported overdentures made by two different methods: traditional and digital, who used dentures for a long time (12 months).

Methods. Bioelectrical activity and symmetry of temporal and masseter muscles were investigated clinically by surface electromyography. Electromyography was performed in five probes: Rest, Light CO, Natural Swallowing, Maximal Volitional Clench (MVC) and Clench on Cotton Rolls (MVCCR).

Results. In patients using overdentures produced in traditional way, no normal values of muscle activity were observed in any of the probes at the end of the study. In patients who used overdentures, made with the use of digital technologies, we noted a decrease of bioactivity of the muscles in the probes of Rest and Light CO, and an increase of biopotentials in the probes of MVC and MVCCR. The values obtained at the end of the study were characterized as normal or acceptable.

Conclusions. The application of a digital method of treatment planning and fabrication of removable implant-supported overdentures with a bar fixation system allows to achieve more physiological values of temporal and masticatory muscles biopotentials, which can be interpreted as recovery of the functional integrity of the stomatognathic system.
THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMOBILIZATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF MILD CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Garazha Sergey , Grishilova Elena , Hubaeva Fatima , Ilina Ekaterina , Nekrasova Elizaveta
Published: May 2021

Chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity is characterized, along with inflammation, by minor radiological manifestations of destructive processes in the periodontal tissues. This determines the importance of choosing an algorithm for complex treatment of patients using immobilized anti-inflammatory drugs to achieve stable remission.

The aim of the study was to study the effect of immobilization on the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of mild chronic generalized periodontitis.

Research materials and methods. The study included the results of treatment of 180 patients with mild chronic periodontitis, who were divided into three groups depending on the drug used: in the first — based on benzidamine hydrochloride; in the second — based on etoricoxib, in the third — based on naphthylpropionic acid. In each group, two subgroups were identified "a" and "b": in subgroups 1a, 2a, 3a, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was used without immobilization. In subgroups 1b, 2b, 3b was immobilized. To assess the effect of immobilization on the effectiveness of the drugs, the results of therapy between subgroups were compared six months after the course of treatment. The periodontal index, PMA, and laser Doppler flowmetry parameters were used to study the clinical results.

The results of the study. When analyzing the totality of indicators obtained after six months, it was found that in subgroups 1a, 2a, 3a, the effectiveness of treatment was 78.9%. A comparison of the studied index and functional indicators obtained after six months allowed us to state that in subgroups 1b, 2b, 3b, periodontitis was in the stabilization phase, that is, the effectiveness of treatment using immobilized drugs was 93.3%.

Conclusion. The immobilization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on sorbents increases the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity from 78.9% to 93.3%.
The effectiveness of self-differentiation training on improving family process and content in demanding couples of contested divorce
Authors: Hashemi Azam , Jafari Asghar
Published: May 2021

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on improving family process and content in demanding couples with contested divorce.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and two-months follow-up with control group was used. The statistical population included couples who mutually consented for divorce, and had referred to the counselling clinic of Behravan in Qazvin in 2018. Ten couples (20 participants) were selected through purposeful sampling and assigned in experimental and control groups. Research tools included Samani’s (2008) family process and content questionnaire. Self-differentiation was administered for the experimental group in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions. The changes of family process and content was measured in posttest and follow-up and data were analyzed by repeated measurement.
Results: Results indicated that self-differentiation significantly have promoted family process (P<0.01, F=21.14) and family content (P<0.01, F= 23.32). This effect was observed in follow-up, and four couples gave up the divorce requests (P>0.01, t= 0.01).
Conclusion: self-differentiation training, thorough empowering couples, helps in moderating between reason and emotions; while differentiaton of self from original family, affects the functions of family process and content. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient psycho-educational package for improving the functions of family process and content in divorce demanding couples, and may helpprevent divorce.
Perception of the lived experience of women with dyspareunia and vaginismus: qualitative study
Authors: Heydarian Maryam , Gholamzadehjefreh Maryam , Masoud Shahbazi
Published: May 2021

Aim: Dyspareunia and vaginismus are important issues in the lives of women with these disorders and have adverse, damaging consequences for the individual, the family, and the couple's intimacy. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the lived experience of women with dyspareunia and vaginismus.
Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-phenomenological psychological in which nine female participants suffering from dyspareunia and vaginismus were selected through purposeful sampling and data collection was continued through semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. After collecting the data and transcribing them, the researcher used Giorgi’s five-step phenomenological data analysis method.
Results: Analyzing data led to 12 contributing components of the lived experience of women with dyspareunia and vaginismus which included: lack of awareness, experiencing the physical symptoms of anxiety, fear, predicting pain, feeling of inadequacy and inferiority, feeling of shame, hatred of sex and of spouse, a feeling of suffering, feeling of anger, feeling of guilt, decreased emotional and sexual intimacy, and regret about marriage.
Conclusion: The results of this study also enrich the previous research literature on the lived experience of dyspareunia and vaginismus. Also, the structure of the lived experience of dyspareunia and vaginismus derived from this study is widely used to develop and apply preventive and therapeutic programs for this condition and its consequences.
Human Interactions Affecting the Psychological Preparation of Airline Pilots
Authors: Sarvahed Hessam , Farahbakhsh Kiumars , Asgari Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to explain the human interactions affecting the psychological preparation of airline pilots.
Methods: Qualitative approach and thematic analytical method was used to conduct this study. The study population in this research were the pilots of an airline company in Tehran in 2019. In order to gather the necessary data, pilots were selected through purposive sampling criteria. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each pilot and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, a total of 10 pilots were interviewed and the obtained data were classified and coded.
Results: The analysis of the findings led to the identification of the influences of human interactions on the psychological preparation of pilots in the form of interactions between the flight crew, interactions between teams related to flight, and interactions outside the work environment. Interactions between the flight crew were extracted as interactions between pilots and other flight personnel and topics such as respect for the job position. Interactions between flight-related teams were inter-sectoral interactions and were identified in the form of relationships between pilots with air traffic controllers and other non-flight sectors. Finally, most of the interactions outside the work environment were related to the pilots' family issues.
Conclusions: This study showed that there may be many undesirable interactions in different occupational and family areas of pilots that may lead to their psychological unpreparedness. This demonstrates the need to improve the quality of in-service training for pilots in relation to issues such as flight interactions and interactions between pilots and their families.
THE STUDY OF POWER DYNAMICS AND IDENTITY CRISIS IN SORAYYA KHAN’S CITY OF SPIES
Authors: Shahzadi Shaista , Hanif Muhammad , Ali Rao Akmal , Sheikh Asmat A. , Kousar Mehnaz
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the identity crises and power relations drawing upon Michel Foucault's theory of power tracing the impacts of power dynamics. The study investigates how power dynamics operate in the novel; what is the nature of these power relations; and how the mode of resistance emerges and in what ways by keeping the concept of power and identity by Michel Foucault. Methodology: This part follows the qualitative method in which Sorayya Khan’s City of Spies is analyzed through Foucault's theory of power. The theoretical background of this research is drawn from the concept of Power which is running in all works of Foucault. Main Findings: This study has examined the novel from a Foucauldian perspective, which posits that Power is everywhere and it comes from everywhere. For him, it is Power which/that shapes everything whether it is Truth or Identity. Foucault sees power as all-around invisibility that exposes rather than encloses like the panopticon. The society he believes works as a panopticon in which the power effectively induces in the subjects a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. Applications of this study: This study can be applied to power dynamics literature. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current interpretation of the novel only sees it as a bildungsroman i.e., as a journey of a girl around the political reality of her era. This present study strives to change it by investigating through the lens of power dynamics and its consequent effect on consciousness leading to an identity crisis. The present study will strengthen the interpretation of the novel as a political novel and will illustrate the effects of the political on the human psyche.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING, ACADEMIC, AND SOCIAL GAIN: A STUDY OF MEDIATING ROLE OF TEACHER’S FEEDBACK
Authors: Khan Najmonnisa , Raja Farhan Uddin , Haq Mirza Amin Ul , Oad Lubna , Aslam Rabia
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the scope of cooperative learning (CL) as an alternate of traditional teaching methods in Pakistani classrooms and to examine the direct and indirect relationship between CL and social & academic gains through teacher feedback. The study also intended to survey students' opinions regarding the usefulness of the CL approach and to identify challenges that hindered its implementation at the tertiary level. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional and mixed-method (Concurrent Dominant Status (Quan+qual) research design). Qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique, while quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the help of mediation analysis using bootstrapping approach. Results: Findings of Quantitative data analysis proved the significance of Cooperative Learning in terms of academic and social gains. Teachers` feedback had a significant mediating effect on the quality of students` group work. Qualitative data analysis revealed that students had a positive attitude towards the CL approach; however, students had few concerns regarding the group size, time, cohesion, etc. The study proposed using the CL method and teachers` feedback regularly during group assignments to improve students` academic and social gains. Application of this Study: The findings of the study promote the implementation and use of cooperative learning at the tertiary level in different subjects to increase students` academic gain and social adjustment. As Pakistan is situated in East Asia so in Pakistani teachers should adopt this teaching methodology which supports collectivism rather than individualism. The novelty of this study: The current study was unique by methodology as well as variables. The researcher adopted a mixed-method concurrent with Dominant Status (Quan+qual) research design. Researchers used teacher feedback as a mediating variable to assess CL's effect on learners' academic gains. Data was collected in three interims during the semester, and group assignments were given to students to intervene feedback with the CL.
MONOPHTHONGISATION OF ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS /aɪ/, /eɪ / and /Ͻɪ/ BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF PASHTO
Authors: Iqbal Liaqat , Ali Asma , Ullah Irfan , Ahmad Ayaz
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: Phonological variation in diphthongs, when spoken as a second or foreign language, is an accepted phenomenon. The diphthongs of English when pronounced by native speakers of Pashto go through certain changes and sometimes, monophthised. The purpose of the present study is to investigate phonological variation, i.e., monophthongisation of English diphthongs.

Methodology: For this purpose, 20 Pashto speakers of both soft and hard dialects were taken and they were asked to pronounce the words having the target diphthongs at initial, medial and final position, followed and preceded by voiced and voiceless sounds. PRAAT was used to analyze the data to measure the possible variations in the sounds.

Main Findings: The findings show that the phenomenon of monophthongisation of English diphthongs is common in the speaking of native speakers of Pashto. The study further shows that there is the lengthening of some of the sounds and deletion as well in certain contexts. This makes the variety of English spoken by the native speakers of Pashto a separate variety.

Applications of this study: This study has applications for English language learners and teachers. The learners and teachers of English can benefit from this research and they can work on the problematic diphthongs that are usually monophthised. In this way, these sounds can be practised and the problems can be rectified.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This is an original study where the problematic diphthongs have been considered and researched that how these English diphthongs are monophthised by the native speakers of Pashto making it a distinctive feature of the native Pashto speakers of English.
Using Web 2.0 technology for work experience: student perspectives on Tawasul
Authors: Raven John , O’Donnell Karen
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the implementation of Web 2.0 technology for work experience (WE) in a tertiary context. The technology, specifically social networking software, was implemented in an attempt to help overcome challenges experienced by students out on WE at the Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology. Typically faculty visited WE students in the field every few weeks but had little other direct interaction due to time and travel constraints, and many students reported feelings of isolation. A social network tool that we named Tawasul was implemented to help overcome this issue by building a virtual community of practice that included both students and faculty. Student feedback revealed strong support for the online application as well as significant differences between male and female students. It is clear from the study that emerging technologies such as social networking tools can help learning during WE, although there are academic and cultural issues that need to be taken into consideration.
Felicidade, bem-estar digital e segurança digital infantil – Comunicação do Ministério da Felicidade do Dubai e dos Emirados Árabes Unidos em 2019
Authors: Ribeiro Diamantino José , Costa António Pedro , Remondes Jorge
Published: May 2021

Os conceitos de felicidade, positividade e bem-estar no Dubai e nos Emirados Árabes Unidos fazem parte das políticas governamentais. O Dubai tem trabalhado para implementar a sua visão e objetivo de ser a cidade mais feliz do planeta. Aparentemente trata-se apenas de emoções, mas envolve muita tecnologia e iniciativas inovadoras. Para atingir esse objetivo, existe um Ministério da Felicidade, uma Agenda da Felicidade, um Programa Nacional de Felicidade e Positividade, um website ‘Happy Dubai’, uma plataforma ‘Smart Dubai’, etc. Temos estudado a felicidade como política no Dubai desde o lançamento de uma aplicação para medir os níveis de felicidade dos cidadãos em 2014, bem como a comunicação governamental do Ministério da Felicidade desde 2016. Este artigo aborda os programas e iniciativas do Ministério da Felicidade em 2019. Ao longo do estudo da comunicação relativa ao ano de 2019, a nossa atenção foi direcionada para o tema da Segurança Digital Infantil - um tema emergente e urgente nas agendas das políticas digitais em todo o mundo. Este artigo é uma síntese do estudo exploratório sobre Felicidade como política governamental, sobre o Bem-estar Digital e sobre a Iniciativa de Segurança Digital Infantil dos Emirados Árabes Unidos. Entre os aspetos mais relevantes do estudo realizado, destacamos o facto de a Ministra da Felicidade continuar a trabalhar ativamente para construir o caminho para a cidade mais feliz do planeta. Relativamente à Child Digital Safety Initiative, uma ação integrada na Digital Wellness Strategy 2031, o principal objetivo é dotar as crianças com competências necessárias e ajudar os pais a compreender as ameaças do mundo digital, proporcionando-lhes os meios para as combater e para ajuda-los a gerir melhor a vida digital dos seus filhos
Próba oceny strategii ekspansji poprzez przejęcie na przykładzie transakcji Bosch–Siemens i Zelmer
Authors: Wójtowicz Adrian
Published: May 2021

Fuzje i przejęcia w obecnej zglobalizowanej gospodarce stanowią istotną strategię rozwoju przedsiębiorstw. Tę formę wzrostu wybrała grupa BSH, która przejęła polską spółkę giełdową Zelmer SA – lidera segmentu małego AGD w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. BSH jest globalnym producentem dużego AGD. W artykule dokonano analizy obu spółek i podjęto ocenę zasadności transakcji w kontekście rozwoju grupy kapitałowej BSH. Oceniono, iż przejęcie korzystnie przyczyniło się do wzrostu udziału rynkowego w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Przyczyniło się również do poszerzenia portfolio produktowego grupy.
Polityka banku centralnego Wielkiej Brytanii wyrażona w strategii bezpośredniego celu inflacyjnego
Authors: Lechowicz Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Celem pracy jest analiza strategii bezpośredniego celu inflacyjnego stosowanego w Wielkiej Brytanii jako narzędzia polityki pieniężnej. Pokazane zostały główne zalety oraz wady tej strategii. Udzielona zastała odpowiedź na pytanie odnośnie efektywności strategii bezpośredniego celu inflacyjnego dla gospodarki. Okres czasowy obejmuje lata 2001–2014.
French Theory a konstytucjonalizm
Authors: Sulikowski Adam
Published: May 2021

W niniejszym opracowaniu autor odnosi się do wpływów French Theory na naukowy dyskurs konstytucjonalistów. Ma on na myśli nie tylko wpływy aktualne – zmiany, które już się dokonały i dokonują (oraz te, które niejako spaliły na panewce, nie przyjęły się), lecz także przewartościowania potencjalne. Uważa on bowiem, iż amerykańskie transformacje francuskiej myśli filozoficznej i jej przystosowania do potrzeb prawoznawstwa sprawiły, iż ma ona zdecydowanie większe możliwości aplikacji na gruncie europejskim, a pytania mocno niewygodne dla kontynentalnego status quo, powinny być zadawane także, a może przede wszystkim na Starym Kontynencie, gdzie sięga ich genesis.
Phylogenetic Relationships in Vicia Subgenus Vicilla (Fabaceae) Based on Combined Evidence from DNA Sequences
Authors: Wu Fei-Fei , Sun Weihong , Liu Fang , Gao Qiu , Jin Meiyan , Liu Bowen , Wang Xian-Guo
Published: May 2021

Background: Vicia L. is rich in protein and can be used as a good forage, green manure, etc., but its classification is chaotic, which is not conducive to breeding and utilization. The purpose of the study is sequencing the nrDNA ITS region the chloroplast region (matK, rbcL and trnL-F) of the Vicia species of subgenus Vicilla of Vicia to resolve taxonomic contradictions. Methods: Collecting seeds from the National Herbage Germplasm Conservation Centre of China (Beijing, China) and the germplasm bank of wild species (Kunming, China). The seedlings were cultivated in greenhouse as experimental materials. The nrDNA ITS region and the chloroplast region (matK, rbcL and trnL-F) were sequenced in 17 Vicia species of subgenus Vicilla of Vicia. Maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) for all the data sets were used to estimate the individual and multilocus phylogenetic trees are used in this study and the result showed a highly-resolved phylogeny of the Vicia species. Result: V. amurensis, V. costata and V. tibetica belong to section Vicilla. Sections Cassubicae, Americanae, Variegatae and Lenticula were monophyletic groups. The sections Vicilla, Cracca and Amurense appeared polyphyletic. Treatment of sections Lenticula and Ervumin a separate subgenus Ervum was not supported. The research evaluated the phylogenetic position of the subgenus Vicilla species and provides a theoretical basis for the precise classification of the subgenus Vicilla and the genus Vicia.
Being a style icon in fashion world: Iris Apfel
Authors: Varol Esra
Published: May 2021

The word fashion which expresses change and encompasses all areas of humanity is synonymous with clothing when taken in its narrow and common sense. People who can direct clothing fashion with their original clothing and appearances and are followed with great interest by public are called ‘style icons’. As style icons, people from many different disciplines such as cinema, music, design, politics and sports have emerged with fashion and had an impact on clothing styles of different periods. One of the style icons of this era is Iris Apfel, who was born in Astoria in 1921, studied art and is known as an interior designer. The aim of this research is to examine the clothing style as well as all the visual elements (clothes, accessories, jewellery, hair, make-up etc.) that constitute the style of Iris Apfel as a style icon. The method of the research is qualitative in line with the research problem, purpose and the path followed in reaching the findings. Thus, a visual analysis of 10 photographs randomly selected from personal social media accounts or the internet was carried out. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis are presented in detail on each image.

Keywords: Fashion, clothing, style icon, Iris Apfel.
The anchoring effect in the terms of behavioural economics
Authors: Sevgin Mehmet
Published: May 2021

The assumptions of rational choice or, more generally, standard economic theory have had great success regarding their contributions to economic theory. However, some of their assumptions are systematically inconsistent with some real-world observations and controlled experiments. These observations strongly remark on the existence of cognitive biases and heuristics. It is assumed that anchoring is one of the most robust cognitive bias, since it works implicitly, without an individual’s awareness. In this study, the anchoring effect will be discussed and analysed regarding its types and empirical findings. The research aims to distinguish the anchors in terms of their types. As a result, the author discovers five types of anchors: regular informative anchors, self-generated anchors, regular uninformative anchors, basic anchors, and incidental environmental anchors. The author claims that regular informative anchors should not be considered a cognitive bias, since their informativeness levels are sufficient to make rational estimations for unknown values. Moreover, since benefitting from regular informative anchors does not violate the rationality principle, they are not a part of a study of behavioural economics.
The vehicle type approval framework regulation (2018/858): A post - Dieselgate paradigm shift for EU vehicle regulations or a missed opportunity?
Authors: Skupniewicz Tristan
Published: May 2021

Skandal Dieselgate obnażył wszystkie niedoskonałości systemu homologacji pojazdów obowiązującego w Unii Europejskiej. Oprócz niedokładnych testów po stronie organów państw członkowskich i oszustw producentów problem tkwił w procedurach homologacji typu, które były nieprzejrzyste i stwarzały wiele możliwości, by nie egzekwować przepisów w interesie producentów pochodzących z państwa członkowskiego, którego organ badał zgodność pojazdów z przepisami. Nowe rozporządzenie ramowe w sprawie homologacji typu ma na celu rozwiązanie tych problemów poprzez wprowadzenie nadzoru Komisji, dodanie nadzoru rynkowego, przyznanie organom udzielającym homologacji typu większych kompetencji i koordynację działań państw członkowskich. Obszarem szczególnie rozbudowanym, a wcześniej niemal całkowicie pomijanym, są kontrole rzeczywistych pojazdów, których model został już homologowany, w celu sprawdzenia, czy rzeczywiste samochody wprowadzane na rynek rzeczywiście są zgodne z przepisami homologacyjnymi. Autor argumentuje, że rezygnacja z utworzenia unijnej agencji ds. homologacji typu pojazdów byłaby lepszym wyborem niż próba koordynacji i nadzoru tak wielu organów krajowych, a także dużo bardziej skutecznym w osiągnięciu jednolitego stosowania TAFR. Z tego powodu, pomimo usunięcia wszystkich głównych wad obecnego rozporządzenia, można je uznać za straconą szansę.
Different concepts of “accident” in the meaning of the Montreal Convention and air carrier liability in EU law
Authors: Barańska Anna
Published: May 2021

The subject of the article is the liability of air carriers for personal injury resulting from an “accident” within the meaning of paragraph 1 of Article 17 of the Montreal Convention of 1999. Although this concept has been the subject of numerous controversies under the Warsaw Convention, its legal definition has still not been introduced in the new legal act. In an unprecedented Judgment of 19 December 2019 (case C 532/18), the Court of Justice of the European Union had to deal with the interpretation of this concept and specify the circumstances qualifying a given event as an “accident”. In reply to the question referred, the Court took the view that there is no need to determine whether an incident classified as an “accident” relates to a risk characteristic of air transport.
Dialektyka wiedzy logikomatematycznej w ujęciu Jarosława Ładosza
Authors: Winczewski Damian
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is an analysis of the early works of Jarosław Ładosz, a  Polish philosopher and mathematician, who in the 1960s conducted a thorough examination of the most important scientiﬁc accomplishments in the ﬁeld of logic and mathematics from the perspective of Marxist philosophy. Being nowadays assessed as a symbol of dogmatism and orthodoxy in Polish Marxism, Ładosz revised most of the superstitions on the relationship between mathematical logic and dialectics, which have been legitimized in oﬃcial Marxist philosophy since the times of Marx and Engels, in his early works. Having rejected the claims of some Marxists for the formalization of dialectics, he presented the original concept of dialectics as a methodological tool for studying the sources of logical knowledge. Combining dialectical materialism with Jean Piaget’s epistemology, he formulated an elaborate, original hypothesis of the social construction of logico-mathematical knowledge, while at the same time transcending the subject-object division as-sumed in Marxist dogmatic epistemology.
Transcendence in the thought of Hannah Arendt
Authors: Gurczyńska-Sady Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

This article is an attempt to determine the status of transcendence within the works of Hannah Arendt. This topic belongs to a niche when it comes to the scope of interests of the thinker whose interests focused upon the philosophy of politics. However, since Arendt concentrated on the reflection on man and his culture, her ideas reach beyond socio-political issues. Drawing a picture of the world as a place created by people, and distinguishing it from the world of nature, she draws indirect attention to what goes beyond it. In Arendt’s writings, the sphere of transcendence appears as what does not appear, yet it does exist and affects our existence in an even more noticeable way than the actions of politicians. For this reason, I attempt to determine not only the ontological status of transcendence, but also the status of a thinker who appears in Arendt’s writings as a mind. These tasks will require reconstructing the sphere of what does not appear (transcendence), and the way it is connected with the sphere of phenomena. This will be done on the basis of an analysis of the activities that a person performs, and individual spheres in which her life takes place.
Raça, gênero e escolhas afetivas
Authors: Pacheco Ana Cláudia Lemos
Published: May 2021

Este artigo aborda a problemática da solidão afetiva de duas mulheres negras sem parceiros fixos na Bahia. Parto do princípio que gênero e raça são marcadores sociais relevantes nas preferências sexuais-afetivas de homens e mulheres de um mesmo ‘grupo’ racial e de ‘grupos’ raciais distintos. Observo que as escolhas afetivas de alguns homens negros e brancos por parceiras não- negras são orientadas pelos seguintes fatores: a racialização opera com referentes que denotam signos corporais como a cor, a estética de mulheres negras e brancas; do mesmo modo, as tensões de gênero são traduzidas em expectativas de masculinidade e paternidade/ poligamia; o enpoderamento destas mulheres negras como chefes de família, detentoras de um capital econômico-social e de prestígio político impediram a estabilidade afetiva de tais relações. Através da análise das duas trajetórias, constatei que a solidão dessas mulheres negras confirma boa parte das pesquisas demográficas que indicam fatores mais complexos como os de ordem social, cultural e simbólico, responsáveis pelo seu isolamento afetivo.
Los discursos sobre la responsabilidad En la Argentina pos-dictadura
Authors: Salvi Valentina
Published: May 2021

En la Argentina, el proceso de desaparición de personas articuló prácticas de culpabilización que, en el escenario de la memoria pos-dictadura, son expresión contradictoria tanto de la necesidad de elaborar y atravesar esa situación traumática pasada, como de una estrategia siempre actualizada de lucha política contra el olvido y la impunidad; así también, como de un imperativo para la construcción de una comunidad moral capaz lidiar con su propia historia hacia el futuro. Es este, entonces, un artículo sobre memoria que pretende ingadar las disputas por la explicación del procedimiento de desaparición, especialmente las interpretaciones morales sobre los actos que se cometieron y los tipos de responsabilidad que se adjudican en consecuencia. Destacando el hecho de que la rememoración del pasado opera elaborando narrativas sobre la responsabilidad –moral, política o histórica- que pretenden dar cuenta del sufrimiento, reconocer a las víctimas, delimitar culpas, fundar identidad, evocando su relación con ese pasado autoritario.
Caractérisation du lait de deux races locales de vaches : la Bretonne Pie Noir et la Froment du Léon
Authors: HURTAUD Catherine , CHAABOUNI Rim , RESMOND Rémi , MIRANDA Guy , GRAULET Benoît , MORINIÈRE Clémence
Published: May 2021

Malgré un net regain d’intérêt, les références techniques sur les systèmes valorisant les races locales bretonnes sont quasi inexistantes. Les éleveurs comme les restaurateurs s’intéressent à la spécificité des produits issus de ces races locales. Si leur qualité est empiriquement reconnue, elle n’a jamais été précisément décrite. Les éleveurs s’interrogent sur les qualités intrinsèques des produits laitiers (fromageabilité, crémeux du lait…), sur leurs qualités organoleptiques, et de façon plus générale, sur la notion de qualité globale des produits, à laquelle sont associées bien évidemment les pratiques de production. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche participative était de mieux connaître les qualités du lait des races locales de vaches laitières dans leurs diverses composantes : qualités intrinsèques mais aussi nutritionnelles et technologiques. Des prélèvements de laits de tank associés à des enquêtes ont été réalisés dans les exploitations participant au projet sur différentes races de vaches (6 en Bretonne Pie Noir et 4 en Froment du Léon). Nous avons effectué les prélèvements pendant trois périodes : avril, juillet et novembre 2017. Nous avons caractérisé les laits au niveau biochimique et technologique. Le lait de Bretonne Pie Noir et de Froment du Léon est plus riche en matières grasses et en protéines que le lait des principales races de vaches françaises. Les variants des protéines sont aussi assez caractéristiques de ces races. Ceci leur confère des propriétés technologiques particulières, comme une meilleure aptitude fromagère mais également une moins bonne aptitude à supporter les traitements thermiques. Ces laits sont également plus jaunes ce qui résulte de concentrations plus élevées en β-carotène et riboflavine, sans que cela soit totalement systématique. Les caractéristiques particulières de ces laits de vaches de race locales méritent d’être mieux valorisées et mises en avant dans des circuits courts de commercialisation.
Estimation of Oxygen Cylinder Availability and Classification of Its Types, Suitability Using Machine Learning and Data Analysis
Authors: Sinha Anurag
Published: May 2021

This is break direction on oxygen sources and conveyance methodologies for COVID-19 treatment. It has been adjusted from WHO and UNICEF's specialized details and direction for oxygen treatment gadgets, which is important for the WHO clinical gadget specialized arrangement, 1 and depends on current information on the circumstance in China and different nations where cases have been distinguished. This direction is proposed for wellbeing office chairmen, clinical leaders, acquisition officials, arranging officials, biomedical architects, foundation engineers and strategy producers. It portrays how to: measure oxygen interest, to distinguish oxygen sources that are accessible, and select suitable flood sources to best react to COVID-19 patients' requirements, particularly in low-and-center pay nations. WHO will refresh these suggestions as new data opens up. Coronavirus pandemic spurred fake interest for oxygen gas chambers for clinical use - both at emergency clinics and inquisitively, for home use by patients. A few patients and surprisingly sound people investigate the conceivable outcomes and likely benefits of utilizing oxygen from chambers for private utilization. Be that as it may, this isn't continuously protected, and sufficient safety measures are to be taken, bombing which there can be fatalities. This paper investigates the significance of keeping up satisfactory degrees of oxygen levels appropriate for human utilization. It advises the clinical use and the advantages and disadvantages of putting away oxygen chambers at home. The investigation likewise addresses lawful and administrative perspectives. The investigation's discoveries can help people settle on an educated choice on the protected use regarding oxygen gas. Further, it cautions on the expanded significance of guidelines and limiting access and use. This paper aims at designing an oxygen level monitoring technique in an oxygen cylinder. The amount of oxygen present inside the oxygen cylinder is very vital information when such cylinder is in use for supply of oxygen to a critical patient. The amount of oxygen present inside the cylinder is measured by the pressure at the outlet nozzle. The pressure is measured using a high precision MEMS Pressure Sensor. The output of the MEMS pressure sensor is voltage of the order milli. An amplifier is used to amplify this milli volt signal. A microcontroller is used in cascade to process the signal and display the pressure of oxygen cylinder.
On the Distribution of the Nontrivial Zeros for the Dirichlet L-Functions
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses a variant of the product for the Dirichlet $L$--functions. We propose a completely detailed proof for the truth of the generalized Riemann conjecture for the Dirichlet $L$--functions, which states that the real part of the nontrivial zeros is $1/2$. The Wang and Hardy--Littlewood theorems are also discussed with removing the need for it. The results are applicable to show the truth of the Goldbach's conjecture.