bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 testing: A qualitative study exploring enablers and barriers in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Ha Solip , Yangchen Sonam , Assan Abraham
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis and has reaffirmed that extensive testing along with effective tracing and treatment is still crucial to slowing transmission of the COVID-19 virus despite the rolling out of vaccines. This study explored enablers and barriers to COVID-19 testing in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. We envision lessons learned from this study could serve as a roadmap to strengthen the current response to COVID-19 and preparedness for future outbreaks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.Methods: A qualitative design was undertaken to explore the phenomenon. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews with key informants with a purposively selected sample of 20 participants. Interviews were conducted using flexible semi-structured interview guides. Depending on the participant's position and involvement in COVID-19 testing, the guides were modified, and key elements were drawn from a tailored version of the WHO Health System Framework incorporating the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF). The interview findings were augmented by reviewing published literature.Results: Better health governance through political leadership, community participation, multisectoral collaboration, effective resource management and information systems played a crucial role in catalyzing COVID-19 testing. The primary barriers to testing were mainly COVID-19 infodemic, inadequacy of material resources to meet growing health needs, and lack of opportunities to have equal and easy access to testing services. Further, although human resources were adequate, they were unevenly distributed across settings.Conclusion: Despite rolling out vaccines against COVID-19, testing remains an important measure to control the virus. To effectively be prepared for extensive COVID-19 testing and respond to future outbreaks, the following are recommended: there should be improved political commitments, coordination and communication with diverse actors to ensure even distribution of all resources across the country; empowerment of community members should be encouraged to develop community-oriented pandemic preparedness and management of COVID-19 infodemic; investment in strengthening capacity of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is needed to stimulate diversification into health products.
Arbitrage theory in models with transaction costs beyond efficient friction
Authors:   , Molitor Alexander
Published: March 2022

In the first part of this thesis, we introduce the concept of prospective strict no-arbitrage for discrete-time financial market models with proportional transaction. The prospective strict no-arbitrage condition, which is a variant of strict no-arbitrage, is slightly weaker than the robust no-arbitrage condition. It still implies that the set of portfolios attainable from zero initial endowment is closed in probability. Consequently, prospective strict no-arbitrage implies the existence of consistent prices, which may lie on the boundary of the bid-ask spread. A weak version of prospective strict no-arbitrage turns out to be equivalent to the existence of a consistent price system. In continuous-time financial market models with proportional transaction costs, efficient friction, i.e., nonvanishing transaction costs, is a standing assumption. Together with robust no free lunch with vanishing risk, it rules out strategies of infinite variation which usually appear in frictionless financial markets. In the second part of this thesis, we show how models with and without transaction costs can be unified. The bid and the ask price of a risky asset are given by cadlag processes which are locally bounded from below and may coincide at some points. In a first step, we show that if the bid-ask model satisfies no unbounded profit with bounded risk for simple long-only strategies, then there exists a semimartingale lying between the bid and the ask price process. In a second step, under the additional assumption that the zeros of the bid-ask spread are either starting points of an excursion away from zero or inner points from the right, we show that for every bounded predictable strategy specifying the amount of risky assets, the semimartingale can be used to construct the corresponding self-financing risk-free position in a consistent way. Finally, the set of most general strategies is introduced, which also provides a new view on the frictionless case.
Molecular Subtyping of Invasive Breast Carcinoma by Immunohistochemistry and Five-Year Survival Study
Authors: Vipparla Raja Silvan , Naidu Raji Tejas , Cherian Susan , Shettigar Suresh S
Published: March 2022

Background: Global gene expression profiling for Invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) has identified intrinsic subtypes of IBC with differing clinical outcomes and response to therapy. As genotyping assays are limited by availability and cost, we have used Immunohistochemistry (IHC) surrogates to classify IBC into molecular subtypes.

Methods: Representative tumor blocks of 158 surgical specimens of IBC between 2007 to 2017, were selected and IHC done for ER, PR, Her2, Ki67, CK 5/6 and EGFR. The cases were classified into 7 Molecular subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, Luminal HER2PR+, Luminal HER2PR-, HER2Enriched, Basal like (BLBC) and non classifiable (NCBC) and correlated with clinico-pathological findings. Five- year survival rate was calculated for patients diagnosed between 2007 to 2013.

Result: The most common subtype was Luminal A (31.0%), followed by Luminal B (25.3%), NCBC (14.6%) and HER2 enriched (13.3%). Among post-menopausal women, common subtypes were Luminal A (33.8%) and Luminal B (24.4%). Among premenopausal women, most cases were NCBC (27.8%) and BLBC (22.2%).  61.2% of Luminal A were Grade2 and 22.4% were Grade 1. Many cases of Luminal B and HER2 positive cases were of Grade3 (45.0%) and (57.1%) respectively. Of the triple-negative category (BLBC & NCBC), 73% were Grade3 with statistically significant correlation (p value < 0.001). Most of these cases were in Tumor stage T2 (70%), followed by T1 (22.3%). Nodal metastasis was seen in 39.6% and 65% respectively of Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes. Distant metastases on follow-up were present in 15.8%, which included HER2 enriched subtype (28.5%), followed by BLBC (20.0%) and NCBC (17.4%). Luminal A cases, had better survival accounting for 88% of all survivors.

Conclusion: Molecular subtyping of IBC using IHC was useful to understand the clinicopathological distinctiveness of each subtype.
Turismo religioso em Lunardelli, no Vale do Ivaí
Authors: Costa de Queiroz DAntonio Giulia , de Oliveira Domingos Fabiane
Published: March 2022

A motivação principal para o turismo religioso está ligada a espiritualidade, mas pessoas não religiosas também praticam esta modalidade do turismo, pela busca de novas experiências e conhecimento. Lunardelli é um município novo e pequeno, localizado na região do Vale do Ivaí, no Paraná. Antes da pandemia da Covid-19, estava recebendo um aumento no fluxo de visitantes por conta do Santuário Santa Rita de Cássia, conhecida como a Santa das causas impossíveis. O município se destaca como um importante destino de turismo religioso, certificado como a Capital Paranaense da Fé. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os impactos socioeconômicos do turismo religioso e alguns desses impactos causados pela pandemia na atividade turística do município. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada a análise bibliográfica e pesquisas de campo com visitas técnicas para a coleta de dados. Isso ocorreu antes e durante a pandemia, sendo possível tecer algumas considerações nas áreas de meio ambiente, planejamento urbano, cultura e economia. Desse modo podemos constatar que, por conta da importância do turismo no município, é preciso solucionar os principais problemas decorrentes da atividade, já que o turismo religioso se iniciou de forma desordenada. Com o devido planejamento, espera-se a continuidade das ações implementadas pelo setor público, pelo Santuário e pela iniciativa privada, com o retorno pleno das atividades pós-vacina.

Palavras-chave: Planejamento Turístico. Desenvolvimento Local. Turismo.
The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Mechanisms, Aging, Sequelae, and Vaccines
Authors: Alarcón Marcelo , Espinoza Carolina
Published: March 2022

This review seeks to clarify the factors involved in the various immune responses to SARSCoV- 2 infection and the mechanisms that influence the development of COVID-19 with severe evolution. The innate immune response that evolves against SARS-CoV-2 in a complex way is highlighted, integrating multiple pathways by coronaviruses to evade it, in addition to characterizing the adaptive immune response, which can lead to an effective immune response or can contribute to immunopathological imbalance. In turn, host-dependent biomarkers, such as age, gender, ABO blood group, and risk factors, that contribute to the critical and varied progress of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis are analyzed. Finally, the potential vaccine candidates are presented, capable of generating immune protection with humoral and/or cellular neutralizing responses, in favor of blocking and destroying both the new human coronavirus and its variants, which cause the current pandemic
Pengembangan Media Video Fenomena Predasi Insektivora dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Secara Daring di SMA PGRI 2 Kota Jambi
Authors: Amrulia Risma Hesy , Johari Asni , Murni Pinta
Published: March 2022

Learning media in the form of video is a medium that can be used by teachers to be used in learning. Video media contains learning materials that are equipped with pictures and videos that make it easier to understand the material. This study aims to develop learning media in the form of videos, determine the feasibility, responses of teachers, students, and the effectiveness of video media that have been developed to improve learning outcomes. Video media development uses the ADDIE model, which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Video media products are validated by media experts and material experts with excellent results. The results of the biology teacher's response as well as small group and large group trials obtained very good results. The results of the effectiveness test using the paired-sample t test showed that there was an effect on the use of video media on the insectivorous predation phenomenon in improving student learning outcomes. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the media developed is suitable for use in learning.
Key words: Video Media, Online Learning, Insectivorous Predation Phenomen
 
Abstrak. Media pembelajaran berupa video merupakan media yang bisa dipakai oleh guru untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Media Video memuat materi pembelajaran yang dilengkapi dengan gambar serta video yang memudahkan dalam memahami materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa video, mengetahui kelayakan, respon guru, peserta didik, serta efektivitas media video yang telah dikembangkan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar. Pengembangan media video menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari tahap analysis, design, development, implementation dan evaluation. Produk media video divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi dengan perolehan hasil sangat baik. Hasil respon guru biologi serta ujicoba kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar diperoleh hasil sangat baik. Hasil uji efektivitas menggunakan uji paired sample t test menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pada penggunaan media video pada materi fenomena predasi insektivora dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh maka disimpulkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: Media Video, Pembelajaran Daring, Fenomena Predasi Insektivora
Pengembangan Modul Praktikum Anatomi dan Fisiologi Hewan Berbasis Inquiry Terbimbing untuk Keterampilan Kerja Ilmiah
Authors: Sari Mustika , Herditiya Herditiya
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to develop a guided inquiry-based animal anatomy physiology practicum module to complement the previous practicum module, and to become one that can provide information to practitioners, and can improve students' scientific work attitude in carrying out practicals. The formulation of the problem that can be taken is knowing the validity of the module and the readability of the practicum module. This research uses the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages, namely analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. The results of the validation of the practicum module by experts to have a percentage of 83.84%, and the readability of the module by 85.20%, so it can be concluded that the guided inquiry-based animal anatomy and physiology practicum module are feasible to use and can be implemented according to students' scientific work. In conclusion, the guided inquiry-based animal anatomy and physiology practicum module can be used and implemented in practical activities in accordance with scientific work principles.
Key words: Practice module , Anatomi fisiologi hewan,Guide inquiry
 
Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengembangkan modul praktikum anatomi fisiologi hewan berbasis inquiry terbimbing untuk melengkapi modul praktikum sebelumnya, dan menjadi yang dapat memberikan informasi kepada praktikan, serta dapat meningkatkan sikap kerja ilmiah mahasiswa dalam pelaksanaan praktikum. Rumusan masalah yang dapat diambil yakni mengetahui validitas modul dan keterbacaanmodul praktikum,  Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahap, yaitu menganalisis, merancang, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil validasi modul praktikum oleh ahli memiliki persentase sebasar 83,84%, dan keterbacaan modul sebesar 85,20%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan modul praktikum anatomi fisiologi hewan berbasis inquiry terbimbing layak digunakan dan dapatdi implemetasikan sesuai kerja ilmiah mahasiswa. Kesimpulannya modul praktikum anatomi fisiologi hewan berbasis inquiry terbimbing dapat digunakan dan diimplementasi pada kegiatan praktikum sesuai dengan kaidah kerja ilmiah.
Kata kunci: Modul Praktikum, Antanomi fisiologi hewan, Inquiry terbimbing
Hubungan Komunikasi Efektif dengan Pelaksanaan Budaya Keselamatan Pasien di RSUD Raden Mattaher Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Irwanti Feby , Guspianto Guspianto , Wardiah Rizalia , Solida Adila
Published: March 2022

Komunikasi efektif merupakan kunci bagi perawat untuk mencapai keselamatan pasien berdasarkan standar keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Rumah sakit Raden Mattaher Provinsi Jambi merupakan salah satu rumah sakit yang telah menerapkan program keselamatan pasien sejak tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi efektif dengan pelaksanaan budaya keselamatan pasien di RSUD Raden Mattaher Provinsi Jambi. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling. Instrument pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan pelaksanaan budaya keselamatan pasien dengan komunikasi efektif nilai p=0,00 3,409 (95% CI= 1,796-6,471). dengan adanya komunikasi efektif dengan metode SBAR dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan budaya keselamatan pasien yang baik di rumah sakit.
Bioestadística y epidemiología: una mirada a los roles en la investigación
Authors: Tovar Cuevas José Rafael
Published: March 2022

La ciencia actual en su vertiginoso avance, exige cada vez más a los individuos formarse y especializarse en temas que les permitan hacer propuestas robustas de solución a losproblemas de salud. En mi experiencia de varios años ejerciendo como estadístico analistade datos en trabajo conjunto con grupos de profesionales de la salud, he podido observarque, para la mayoría de los investigadores es muy difícil reconocer la diferencia entre un estadístico dedicado al trabajo con problemas que incluyen mediciones en seres vivos (en este caso individuos humanos) al que generalmente se le denomina bioestadístico y un profesional que se preocupa por el estudio de las causas, los riesgos, la dispersión de las enfermedades y los problemas de salud, el cual es llamado epidemiólogo.
Herbicide resistance: another hot agronomic trait for genome editing
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Ding Xiao , Alariqu Muna , Manghwar Hakim , Hui Fengjiao , Li Yapei , Cheng Junqi , Wu Chenglin , Wang Maojun , Cao Jinlin , Jin Shuangxia
Published: March 2022

Weeds have continually interrupted crop plants since their
domestication, leading to a greater yield loss compared to diseases and
pests that necessitated to practice weed control measures. The control
of weeds is crucial to ensure the availability of sufficient food for
rapidly increasing human population. Currently, the chemical
(herbicides) weed control is the most effective, reliable, and widely
used method of weed management programs. The application of herbicides
for weed control practices called for the urgency to develop herbicide
resistant (HR) crops. Recently, the genome editing tools, especially
CRISPR-Cas9 has brought innovation in genome editing technology that
opens up new possibilities to provide sustainable farming in modern
agricultural industry. To date, several non-GM (genetically modified) HR
crops have been developed through genome editing that can present a
leading role to combat weed problem along with increased crop
productivity to meet increasing food demand around the world. Here, we
present various techniques of weed control, approaches for herbicide
resistance development, and possible advantages and limitations of
genome editing in herbicide resistance. We also discuss how genome
editing would be effective in combating intensive weed problem and what
would be the impact of genome-edited HR crops in agriculture.
An Efficient Approach for Solving the two Dimensional Variable Order Linear and Nonlinear Reaction Sub Diffusion Equation
Authors: Adel Mohamed
Published: March 2022

We can not list the applications or the fields that use the anomalous
sub-diffusion equations due to their wide area, one of these important
applications are in the chemical reactions when a single substance tends
to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration until the concentration is equal across space. The
mathematical model that describes these physical-chemical phenomena is
called the reaction subdiffusion equation. In our study, we try to solve
the 2D variable order version of these equations (2DVORSE) (linear and
nonlinear) using an accurate numerical technique which is the weighted
average finite difference method (WAFDM). We will study the stability of
the resulting scheme using the fractional version of the John von
Neumann stability analysis procedure. An accurate specific stability
condition that is valid for some parameters in the resulting schemes is
derived and checked. At the end of the study, we present some numerical
examples to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed technique.
Arbidol against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amani Behnam , Khanijahani Ahmad , Amani Bahman , Zareei Mahsa
Published: March 2022

Objective: To provide the latest evidence on the efficacy and safety of
Arbidol (Umifenovir) in COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive systematic
search of the evidence was carried out in PubMed, Cochran library,
Embase, and Medrxiv up to October 1, 2020. The Cochrane risk of bias
tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist were used for assessing the
quality of studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (version
5.3). Results: Fifteen studies were met for the inclusion. No
significant difference was observed between Arbidol and control groups
in terms of primary outcomes, including negative rate of PCR (NR-PCR) on
7 days (risk ratio [RR] 0.89; P=0.37) and 14 days (RR: 1.10;P=0.17),
negative conversion time (NCT) (mean difference [MD]: 0.74; P=0.37),
and as well as secondary outcomes (P<0.05). Compared with
LPV/r, Arbidol showed a better efficacy in terms of NR-PCR on 14 days
(P=0.02). In contrast, NCT in LPV/r was higher (P=0.007). However, not
significant difference was found in terms of NR-PCR on 7 days (P=0.05).
Adding Arbidol to LPV/r was led to a better efficacy in terms of NR-PCR
on 7 days and NCT (P<0.05). Nevertheless, it was not
significant reading NR-PCR on 14 days (P=0.99). There is no significant
difference Arbidol vs. Interferon /Arbidol and IFN/Arbidol vs.
Interferon (P<0.05). Conclusion: Arbidol was not superior to
control against COVID-19. Additionally, not major treatment effect was
found compared with other therapeutic agents. There are needed
well-designed studies with large sample size to establish on efficacy
and safety of Arbidol.
SARS Covid-19 as an immunothrombotic disease and the potential benefits of a new estrogen-free contraceptive containing drospirenone.
Authors: Regidor Pedro-Antonio , Colli Enrico
Published: March 2022

Newly research associate the severity of Covid-19 with obesity and the
rise in prothrombotic markers like D-Dimers. As Covid-19 is considered
an immunothrombotic disease, the potential benefits of estrogen-free
contraceptives like drospirenone are discussed. Adding estrogens in
contraception my rise the cardiovascular risk in Covid-19 and Long Covid
patients.
Retrograde Venography to Navigate an Occluded Subclavian Vein to Achieve CRT Upgrade via His Bundle Pacing
Authors: Pavitt Christopher , Luther Vishal , Arnold Ahran , Keene Daniel , Whinnett Zachary , Lefroy David , Tanner Mark
Published: March 2022

We present a case of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and an occluded left
subclavian vein (SCV). The SCV occlusion was delineated in a retrograde
manner from femoral venous access and bypassed through direct puncture
of a collateral branch. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy was achieved
through His bundle pacing, with subsequent normalisation of LV function.
Immunoglobulin G4 related disease and pancreatic malignancy - an association or two independent processes?
Authors: TOCUT MILENA , Davidson Tima , Leibu Rebecca , Amital Howard , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Shovman Ora
Published: March 2022

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare multisystem
inflammatory disease, in which one of the main gastrointestinal
manifestations is autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1. AIP type 1 is
correlated with a clinical presentation of obstructive jaundice,
increased serum levels of IgG4 and suggestive pancreatic findings on
radiologic imaging. Histo-pathology (HP) and immune-histochemistry (IHC)
examinations obtained by biopsy are the gold standard for establishing
the diagnosis. Several theories tried to elucidate the correlation
between IgG4-RD and pancreatic or other extra-pancreatic malignancies.
There are controversial opinions whether AIP type 1 serves as a
premalignant state, or whether these two conditions are coexistent. We
present a patient who had clinical, laboratory, radiologic and
histologic findings that were consistent with a pancreatic space
occupying lesion (SOL). As a result, he underwent a Whipple operation,
but the IHC findings were compatible with AIP type 1. After 1 year of
remission, the patient presented with a new pancreatic SOL that was
diagnosed as adenocarcinoma.
Management with crossmatch-compatible platelets for a pediatric neuroblastoma-associated thrombocytopenia patient with anti-HLA antibodies： a case report
Authors: zhou chao , Xu Jun , Ma Jihua , Chen Xuejun
Published: March 2022

Crossmatch-compatible platelets and HLA-matched platelets are commonly
used in management of platelet refractory patients with immune causes
like anti-HLA antibodies. The two type of platelets utilized by
clinicians differ in practice because of region as well as objective
factors such as not establishing HLA genotypic identity. We report our
experience in a pediatric neuroblastoma-associated thrombocytopenia
patient with anti-HLA antibodies who received 7 random-donor platelets
(random PLTs) and 7 crossmatch-compatible platelets (compatible PLTs).
Exploration of compatible PLTs transfusion effect and the causes
affecting the occurrence of Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) to
provide evidence for management of pediatric patient with anti-HLA
antibodies
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) mediates cannabinol (CBN) induced developmental defects in zebrafish
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Ahmed Kazi , Ali Declan
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose: Of the three primary cannabinoids in cannabis:
9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabinol
(CBN), very little is known about the actions of CBN, the primary
oxidative metabolite of THC. Our goal was to determine if CBN exposure
during gastrulation alters embryonic development, and if so, via which
cannabinoid receptors. Experimental Approach: Zebrafish embryos during
the gastrulation stage (5-10.75 hpf) were exposed to CBN in the presence
or absence of cannabinoid receptor blockers. We examined neuronal
morphology, hair cell development and locomotion. Key Results: Embryos
exhibited dose-dependent malformations in morphology, increased
mortality, decreased locomotion and a reduction in motor neuron
branching. Larva exhibited a significant reduction in the response to
sound stimuli. CBN exposure altered the development of otic vesicles and
hair cells associated with the lateral line. Pharmacological block of
CB2Rs with AM 630 or JTE 907 prevented many of the CBN-induced
developmental defects, while block of CB1Rs with AM 251 or CP 945598 had
little or no effect. Conclusion and Implications: Altogether we show
that embryonic exposure to CBN results in alterations in embryonic
growth, neuronal and hair cell development, and physiology and behavior
via CB2R-mediated mechanisms. Our results suggest that embryos exposed
to CBN may be at an increased risk of abnormal development.
Predicting factors associated with resistance to initial Methotrexate treatment in women with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a retrospective study
Authors: Phianpiset Rattiya , RUENGKHACHORN IRENE , Kuljarusnont Sompop , Jareemit Nida , Udompunturak Suthipol
Published: March 2022

Objectives To compare clinical characteristics and factors predictive of
resistance to initial treatment with Methotrexate-folinic acid (MTX-FA)
in women with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Design
A retrospective study Setting A tertiary center Populations Patients
diagnosed with low-risk GTN. Methods: Demographic data, disease
characteristics, treatment response, toxicity and data of the subsequent
pregnancy were collected and analyzed. Main outcome measures Groups of
patients who were responsive or resistance to treatment were compared.
Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors
predictive of resistance to Methotrexate chemotherapy. Results Totally,
113 patients were eligible for analysis. The primary remission rate was
55.8% with first-line MTX-FA. All others patients achieved remission by
subsequent treatment with Actinomycin D or multiple-agents chemotherapy.
Relapse of disease was found in 4.4% and the overall survival rate was
99.1%. Univariate analysis showed that pre-treatment serum hCG,
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at baseline, and serum hCG ratio of the
first three consecutive cycles (C) were significantly associated with
resistance to MTX-FA. Independent factors that predict failure to
respond to first-line MTX-FA were pre-treatment serum hCG ≥15,000 IU/L
(OR 3.95; 95%CI = 1.48-10.52; p=0.006), a less than 4.8-fold reduction
of serum hCG between cycle 1 and cycle 2 (C1/C2) (OR 4.08; 95%CI =
1.60-10.39; p=0.003), and a less than 7-fold reduction of serum hCG from
cycle 2 to cycle 3 (C2/C3) (OR 10.15; 95%CI = 3.10-33.30;
p<0.001). Conclusions First-line MTX-FA treatment is effective
in 55.8% of patients. Pre-treatment serum hCG, and hCG ratio between
consecutive treatment cycles predicts initial treatment failure.
Feline panleukopenia virus associated Hypogranular cerebellar hypoplasia in young captive lions
Authors: Ma ningning , Guo Ziyi , Deng Mengmeng , Liu Zhan , Xin Shilin , Wang Tong , Ding Chenmeng , Xu Xiya , Li Yongtao , Chen Lu , Yang Yurong
Published: March 2022

Here we described brain lesion in young captive lions after exhibiting
ataxia. The histopathological analyses of the brain showed typical
encephalitis with glial cell proliferation, neuronal atrophy and
necrosis, and encephalomalacia. We used a variety of identification
methods, including next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), virus isolation, immunofluorescence staining (IFA), and electron
microscopy. Combined with clinical manifestations of the infected cub,
it determined that the dead cub have resulted from an FPV embryonic
infection. Through sequence analysis, it was found that the infected
virus may be a recombinant virus between FPV and CPV. this study not
only provides new gene sequences for the global study of FPV-infected
lions but also helps to further study the incidence and genetic
diversity of FPV.
Looking for bioenergy in desert regions: Screening and cultivating lipid-producing microalgae from biological soil crusts
Authors: Lan Shubin
Published: March 2022

Microalgal cultivation has received considerable attention because of
increasing prominent energy depletion and environmental issues
worldwide. However, most microalgae isolated from moderate environments
currently cannot adapt well to the changing environmental conditions
when cultivated at large scales. Therefore, microalgal diversity of
biocrust from the extreme Tengger desert was investigated in this study,
using high-throughput sequencing, for further exploring their abilities
of lipid and biodiesel production. To identify the best management
practices for cultivating biocrust microalgae on large scale, the light
dependent growth kinetics and the corresponding lipid-producing
properties were evaluated under different cultivation scales. The
results of microalgal diversity decreasing with biocrust succession
imply a large potential microalgal resource bank in the early
developmental biocrusts. Through evaluating the light dependent growth
kinetics of two screened microalgae Chlorella sp. BSC-24 and
Monoraphidium dybowskii BSC-81, we verify that the screened biocrust
microalgae could adapt well to the large cultivation scale with an
increased light requirement. Furthermore, our results show that the
variations of lipid productivity could be successfully interpreted by
microalgal biomass accumulation (P<0.05), instead of lipid
content (P>0.05). In particular, a quite good lipid
productivity (18.36-18.78 mg·L-1·d-1) and fatty acid methyl ester
compositions through microalgal lipid extraction and transesterification
were achieved, via cultivating the screened biocrust microalgae in a
1000 L desert open raceway pond. Altogether, our results suggest
screening and cultivating lipid-producing microalgae from biocrusts is a
promising path to produce high quality of biodiesel for further
industrial application in desert regions.
Orbital Stability and Zhukovski\v{\i} Quasi-Stability in Impulsive Dynamical Systems
Authors: LI kehua , Ding Changming
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we deal with orbital stability and
Zhukovski\v{\i} quasi-stability of
periodic or recurrent orbits in an impulsive dynamical system defined in
the $n$-dimensional Euclidean space
$\mathbb{R}^n$. In fact, we show that for a
periodic orbit of an impulsive system its asymptotically orbital
stability is equivalent to the asymptotically
Zhukovski\v{\i} quasi-stability, and for
a recurrent orbit the orbital stability is equivalent to the
Zhukovski\v{\i} quasi-stability.
SELECTION OF THE TRAINING ALGORITHMS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT THE TIME SERIES OF THE METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Shichkin Andrey , Buevich Alexander , Sergeev Alexander , TARASOV Dmitry , Baglaeva Elena , Subbotina Irina , Sergeeva Marina , Mamedalieva Anna
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a study and comparison of the most used learning
algorithms for nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external
input (NARX). These networks are successfully used to predict the time
series. For this study, the data of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air on the
Arctic island Belyy, Russia were used. A time interval of 190 hours was
chosen with the one-hour lag. Methane and carbon dioxide concentrations
corresponding to the first 170 hours of the interval were used for train
the NARX network. Then the forecast was made for the next 20 hours.
Three techniques were used as the learning algorithms:
Levenberg-Marquart (LM), LM with Bayesian regularization (BR), and
gradient descent with adjustable speed parameters (GDA). The NARX model,
which using the LM learning algorithm, was the most accurate for the
both greenhouse gases. The application of this learning algorithm
improved the predictive accuracy of the models from 9% to 12% for the
methane and from 7% to 21% for carbon monoxide. The predictive
problems in the field of dynamics of changes in the concentration of
greenhouse gases can be effectively solved using artificial neural
networks, in particular, NARX with the Levenberg-Marquart learning
algorithm.
Surgical management of recurrent vaginal obliteration due to severe erosive lichen planus
Authors: Kanneganti Abhiram , Ismail-Pratt Ida , Yasin Nooraishah , Low Jen Hui Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

Erosive vulvovaginal lichen planus is usually treated medically with
steroids and immunosuppressants. Surgery is indicated if vaginal
scarring leads to labial fusion causing urethral obstruction or vaginal
obliteration but carries a high risk of recurrence. We present a lady
who presented with urethral obstruction due to recurrent vaginal
obliteration after previous surgical division of labial agglutination.
Vaginoplasty was performed to restore the vaginal orifice and included
the use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose antiadhesion gel with a vaginal
mould. A strict post-operative regime of topical anti-adhesion gel and
topical steroids with regular vaginal dilator usage contributed to
sustained results at one year
Microbial co-infections and pathogenic consortium with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients: A contingent review
Authors: Hoque M. Nazmul , Akter Salma , Mishu Israt Dilruba , Islam M. , Rahman M. , Akther Masuda , Islam Israt , Hasan Mehedi Mahmudul , Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Sultana Munawar , Islam Tofazzal , Hossain M.
Published: March 2022

The emergence of novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) in
December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) has traumatized the whole world with the ongoing
devastating pandemic. After droplet mediated transmission of infectious
virus particle, and subsequent tissue tropism through the upper and
lower respiratory tract, the acute clinical disease is manifested by
severe respiratory illness accompanied by shortness of breath,
progressive pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and ultimate death in
SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The involvement of other microbial
co-infections leading to extortionate ailment in critically ill patients
has not been significantly reviewed along with conclusive reporting on
underlying molecular mechanisms in COVID-19 patients. Although the
incidence of co-infections could be up to 94.2% in laboratory-confirmed
COVID-19 cases, the fate of co-infections among SARS-CoV-2 infected
hosts often depends on the balance between the host’s protective
immunity and immunopathology. The cross-talk between co-pathogens
(especially lung microbiomes), SARS-CoV-2 and host is an important
factor that ultimately increases the difficulty of diagnosis, treatment,
and prognosis of COVID-19, and even increase the symptoms and mortality
of the disease. Simultaneously, co-infecting microorganisms may use new
strategies to escape host defense mechanisms (by altering both innate
and adaptive immune responses) to further aggravate SARS-CoV-2
pathogenesis. This review of literature suggests that clinicians should
rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection by ruling in other respiratory
co-pathogens, and must have a high index of suspicion for co-infection
among COVID-19 patients. Thus, after recognizing the possible pathogens
causing co-infection among COVID-19 patients, and the underlying
molecular mechanisms of co-infections appropriate curative and
preventive interventions can be recommended.
Determining anxiety status and demands for antenatal care services of pegnant women during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumru Pınar , Merih Yeliz , Ozdemir Mikail , Akalın Munip
Published: March 2022

Determining anxiety status and demands for antenatal care services of
pegnant women during Covid-19 pandemic Objective The study was performed
to assess the challenges, concerns, and anxiety, which were faced by
pregnant women while receiving health care services throughout the
COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the demands for antenatal care
services. Design Cross-sectional study Population or sample A total of
447 pregnant women who applied to the¬ pregnancy follow-up outpatient
clinic of the Obstetrics and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital
located in the Anatolian side of Istanbul between June and July 2020.
Methods The data were obtained through a questionnaire, which involves
the demographic, individual, and the obstetric characteristics of the
participants as well as their views related to the period of COVID-19
pandemic and expectations for antenatal care services, and the Beck
Anxiety Inventory. Main Outcome Measures Incidence and detection rate of
anxiety patterns, and frequency of daily activities. Results Anxiety was
detected in 60.4% of the pregnants who had participated in our
research. It was found out that of the participant, 15.2% of them
experienced a decrease in their sleep durations, while 57.5% of them
have a reduction in their daily activities, and 64.9% of them
experienced an increase in the use of internet throughout the COVID-19
pandemic. Conclusions The need for providing support in antenatal care
services increased during the emergency health crisis. Developing new
antenatal care strategies and health policies in ensuring the safety of
mothers and their infants is needed in pandemic.
The Regulation Mechanism of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Endosperm PCD under Drought Stress Post Anthesis
Authors: li chao , wang bingbing , zhang runqi , fu kaiyong , li chunyan , li cheng
Published: March 2022

Drought stress had a great effect on endogenous hormone in wheat, while
endogenous hormone profoundly affects the programmed cell death of
endosperm and grain filling. The objectives of this study were (i) to
investigate the effect of ethylene and abscisic acid on programmed cell
death (PCD) in wheat endosperm cells under post-anthesis drought and
(ii) to examine the role of ethylene and abscisic acid in regulating
grain filling under post-anthesis drought. The wheat plants were spray
solvent (CK), cobalt nitrate (CN) and fluoxone (FU), respectively, under
drought stress post anthesis. The samples were then compared with
respect to cell viability, nuclear morphometry, cell ultrastructure, DNA
integrity, DNA content, DNA hydrolase activity, ABA content, ACC
content, grain weight and grain filling rate. Analysis was also
conducted about gene transcripts related to PCD and ETH receptors. The
results showed that under CN treatment, endosperm PCD was delayed, the
duration of high grouting rate was prolonged, and the grain weight was
increased, in contrast, the opposite result was obtained under FU
treatment.
Lectin pathway influences the severity of leprosy
Authors: OLIVEIRA FRANCISCA JACINTA FEITOZA DE , Grumach Anete , Constantino-Silva Rosemeire
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the lectin pathway
proteins Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (FCNs) MBL and FCN3)
on leprosy’s susceptibility and severity. We studied patients with a
confirmed diagnosis of leprosy (n=90) and their healthy household
contacts (n=79). We have also analyzed a subgroup of patients under 15
years of age (n=35), compared to their family contacts (n=20). Higher
levels of FCN3 were identified in patients sample (n=90) with
undetermined clinical form (419.7 ng/ml), compared to (343.8ng/ml)
virchowian (p=0.033) and no disability form (381.2 ng/ml). Higher levels
of FCN3 were also seen for disability grade 1 compared to grade 2
(343.2ng/ml and 327.1 ng/ml), respectively (p=0.031). In patients
< 15 years of age, the highest levels of FCN3 occurred in
those with undetermined clinical form (436.6 ng/ml) in comparison with
dimorphic (368.7 ng/ml) and virchowian forms (321.2 ng/ml) (p=0.013). We
have identified higher levels of FCN3 among disability grade 0 (386.7
ng/ml), in comparison with grade 1 (310.1 ng/ml) and 2 (268.3 ng/ml) in
children patients (p=0.008) with no sequelae (399.1 ng/ml) versus
leprosy reaction type 1 (299 ng/ml) (p=0.009). Patients <15
years of age had higher MBL levels (4.455 ng / ml) compared to those
> 15 years (2.342 ng / ml) (p = 0.018). Serum MBL and FCN3
levels do not seem to influence the acquisition of M. leprae
infection.Higher levels of FCN3 were associated with less severe
sequelae and lower disability grade for adults and patients <
15 years old
Barriers to conventional postmortem and acceptability of non-invasive postmortem after stillbirth: a qualitative study of an East London community
Authors: Liou Natasha , Agnihotri Sangeeta , Kara-Newton Lailah
Published: March 2022

Objectives: In high-income countries, women in adverse socioeconomic
circumstances are at higher risk of stillbirth, have a lower uptake of
stillbirth investigation, and are underrepresented in stillbirth
research. Our objective was to describe the barriers to conventional
postmortem in a community with the lowest rates of stillbirth
investigation. Design: Qualitative grounded theory study to construct a
thematic analysis. Setting: East London Mosque during Ramadan June 2018.
Population: All male and female attendees of reproductive age were
invited to participate. Methods: Anonymised questionnaire with five
fixed-choice questions on pregnancy loss and acceptability of
conventional invasive postmortem and non-invasive postmortem. The fifth
question was expanded into free-text to explore barriers to conventional
postmortem. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was barriers to
conventional postmortem, and secondary outcome was acceptability of
conventional and non-invasive postmortem. Results: 123 questionnaires
were included. There were 73 male (59·3%) and 50 female (40·7%)
respondents. The primary barriers to conventional postmortem were
religious belief, desecration of the body, further emotional pain to the
family, and fatalism. 14 respondents would agree to conventional
postmortem while 107 would not accept (11·4% versus 87·0%). Nearly all
respondents would agree to non-invasive postmortem while nine
respondents would still not accept postmortem in any form (92·7% versus
7·3%). Conclusions: In this community the barriers to postmortem are
influenced by cultural factors. While conventional postmortem is poorly
received, our study suggests high acceptability of non-invasive
postmortem. More culturally-appropriate work must be done to improve
postmortem uptake in high-risk communities. Funding: No funding
obtained.
Nodal solutions of fourth-order Kirchhoff equations with critical growth in $\R^N$
Authors: Pu Hongling , Li Shiqi , Liang Sihua
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider the following fourth-order elliptic equations
of Kirchhoff type with critical growth in $\R^N$:
$$ \Delta^2
u-\left(1+b\int_{\R^N}
|\nabla u|^2
dx\right)\Delta u+V(x)u
=\lambda
f(u)+|u|^{2^{**}-2}u, \quad
x\in\R^N, $$ where
$\Delta^2 u$ is the biharmonic operator,
$2^{**}=2N/(N-4)$ is the critical Sobolev exponent with
$N\ge 5$, $b$ and $\lambda$ are two
positive parameters, and $V(x)$ is the potential. By using a main tool
of constrained minimization in Nehari manifold, we establish sufficient
conditions for the existence result of nodal (that is, sign-changing)
solutions.
Nomogram for Predicting Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting for Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang xinjuan , Li Jinhua , Hu Zheyu , Luo Lu , Tan Yan , Chen Hongyun , Fan Rongrong , Wang Tongyu , Meng Lingqi , Wei Tao , Li Xuying
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common
side effect of cancer treatment. The factors influencing CINV in breast
cancer patients remain unclear. In this study we developed a nomogram
for predicting the occurrence of CINV in this group using prospective
clinical data from multiple sources Methods: We pooled data from several
studies conducted in China on CINV caused by emetogenic chemotherapy.
Demographic and clinical variables of 334 breast cancer patients at
Hunan Cancer Hospital (training set) were analyzed to identify factors
associated with CINV by multivariate logistic regression and construct a
prediction nomogram. The external validation set comprised an additional
66 patients. The reliability of the nomogram was assessed by bootstrap
resampling, and C-index and receiver operating characteristics curve
(ROC) analyses were carried out to assess its discriminatory power.
Results: Four risk factors were associated with CINV: history of CINV,
chemotherapy target regimen, metastasis, and symptoms of distress. The
C-index was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.75) for the
training set and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.93) for the validation set. The
area under the ROC curve indicated that the model had a specificity of
68.5% and 86.1% and sensitivity of 57.7% and 56.7%, for the training
and validation sets, respectively. Calibration curves showed good
concordance between predicted and actual occurrence of CINV.
Conclusions: The developed nomogram can reliably predict the occurrence
of CINV in breast cancer patients based on 4 variables, which can aid in
clinical decision-making.
Real-time process fault diagnosis based on time delayed mutual information analysis
Authors: Ji Cheng , Ma Fangyuan , Wang Jingde , Sun Wei
Published: March 2022

Causal relations among variables may change significantly due to
different control strategies and fault types. Off line-based knowledge
is not adequate for fault diagnosis. In this work, a fault diagnosis
framework is proposed based on information solely extracted from process
data. Variable correlation under normal condition is extracted by mutual
information to obtain a threshold for random noises. Once a process
deviation is detected, each pair of variables with mutual information
beyond this threshold are further investigated by time delayed mutual
information (TDMI) analysis, so as to determine the causal logic between
them, which is represented as fault propagation paths, can be tracked
all the way back to the root cause. The proposed method is applied to a
simulated process, Tennessee Eastman process and a practical industrial
process. The results show that the fault propagation path can be
objectively identified, together with the root cause.