bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early generation performance of Fragaria species hybrids in crosses with cultivated strawberry
Authors: Harbut R H , Sullivan J Alan , Proctor J TA , Swartz H J
Published: March 2010

Yield (i.e., fruit number and size) and yield component measurements were collected and destructive growth analysis carried out on lower-ploidy Fragaria species, synthetic octoploids (SO), F1 (SO × cultivar), OC1 (F1 × cultivar) hybrids and cultivars. Plants were grown in two field trials, at the Elora Research Station, Ontario, and at the Wye Research and Education Centre, Queenstown, Maryland, and in one greenhouse trial in Guelph, Ontario. Total plant dry weight (PDW) was highly variable for the species, but the higher vegetative vigour of the SOs compared with mid-parent values suggested a heterotic effect. The shade adapted species (e.g., F. moschata Duch. and F. nubicola) had greater PDWs than the sun adapted species. Yields of the species, SOs and F1 hybrids were low; however, flower number was higher compared with cultivars. The first outcross with F1s and cultivars resulted in a sixfold increase in yield attributed to both increased fruit size and fruit number. Three of the four OC1 hybrids had yields that were comparable with cultivars. Through breeding and intensive selection, genotypes introgressed with SO germplasm can be restored to the pre-cultivar yield levels with only a few outcrosses to the cultivated strawberry.Key words: Growth analysis, heterosis, interspecific hybridization, strawberry, yield, synthetic octoploid
WHEAT PHENOLOGY IN RELATION TO LATITUDE, LONGITUDE AND ELEVATION ON THE CANADIAN GREAT PLAINS
Authors: WILLIAMS G. D. V.
Published: March 2010

Normal dates of phenological stages of wheat were estimated for some 1200 points on the Canadian Great Plains, using a biometeorologial time scale equation. The estimation procedure employed actual photoperiods, regression estimates of temperature normals, and coefficients determined for Marquis wheat. Differences in the phenological estimates over short distances were mainly related to elevation differences. Over the region as a whole, the date of a particular stage became progressively later with increasing distance northward or eastward. This was only partially offset by the general decrease in elevation in these directions, and by the northward increase in photoperiod. Wheat would be expected to ripen at all locations considered in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and at those below 1400 m in southernmost Alberta and most of those below 350 m near Great Slave Lake. The estimates seemed biased toward earlinsss for ripening and lateness for planting, with very little bias for heading.
EFFECTS OF 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE IN AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY
Authors: KAO K. N. , HARVEY B. L. , LARTER E. N. , REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

Two F1 hybrid populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam.) were treated with 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), and subsequently the chromosome numbers were doubled with colchicine. In relation to the control plants, the BUdR-treated plants had higher fertility (seed set), a greater percentage of pollen mother cells (PMC) with 14-14 chromosome distribution at anaphase-1, and a greater degree of preferential pairing as measured by the percentage of recessives in the F2 generation. It is proposed, since BUdR causes single base pair changes, that the unit of a chromosome associated with preferential pairing is at least as small as a single base pair.
STUDIES ON SEED SIZE IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Twamley B. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
WESTERN CO-OPERATIVE CULTIVAR TESTS, 1953–1968
Authors: WALTON P. D. , HARVEY B. L. , SMITH A.
Published: March 2010

Two methods of dividing the Prairie Provinces into regions, one based on soil type and the other on climate, were compared. Reasons were presented for grouping and considering trial sites by climatic regions rather than soil zones. A regression technique was used to study the yields of the more important commercial cultivars of wheat, durum, two- and six-row barley, oats, rape, and flax which have been tested in the Western Co-operative cultivar trials in the prairie provinces of Canada over the period 1953–68. The behavior of the commercial cultivars of the principle arable crops of the three provinces was considered and is discussed in relation to the main soil and climatic features of the area.
AVAILABLE SOIL POTASSIUM AND FERTILIZER POTASSIUM FOR BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Authors: MUNRO D. C. , CUTCLIFFE J. A.
Published: March 2010

Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Jade Cross) require no potassium fertilizer on Prince Edward Island soils if exchangeable soil K as determined by neutral 1 N ammonium acetate exceeds 100 ppm. Below 75 ppm exchangeable soil K, 186 kg K/ha must be applied for maximum yields. Potassium treatments increased yields at only three of 12 locations studied. Leaf tissue potassium concentration was significantly increased at all locations by the fertilizer treatments. Neutral 1 N ammonium acetate for determining exchangeable K was the best soil analysis extract among those tested for measuring available potassium. Tissue analysis gave no information beyond soil analysis for predicting potassium fertilizer requirements on any soil studied.
SELECTION METHODS FOR SEEDLING VIGOR IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: TWAMLEY B. E.
Published: March 2010

In 1969, 72 large-seeded lines derived through open pollination were used to establish a seedling vigor test upon which three selection schemes were imposed. First, the best 16 lines were identified and their maternal parents intercrossed to form a selection-by-genotype group. Second, vigorous seedlings were selected out of every fourth line, brought to bloom and interpollinated to form a selection-by-phenotype group. Third, from each of the 16 best lines four vigorous seedlings were selected and later intercrossed to form a selection-by-geno-phenotype group. Using the seeds produced, progeny tests were established to evaluate the germplasm selected by the three methods. The genotype method was effective, straightforward, and reasonably reliable. The geno-phenotype method was more variable in results but potentially more rewarding. The phenotype method was the least desirable. The implications of these results in a program of recurrent selection for seedling vigor are discussed.
EFFECT OF SOIL FUMIGATION AND SIX SOIL WATER REGIMES ON MINERAL CONTENT OF CARROTS
Authors: MAURER A. R. , JOHN M. K.
Published: March 2010

Mineral content of carrots grown in a Lumbum muck soil was affected by soil fumigation and by soil water regime. Foliage of plants grown in fumigated soil had greater levels of P, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn but lower levels of N and Al, while roots had greater levels of P, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb and a lower level of N in fumigated than in nonfumigated soil. Plants provided with ample soil water tended to have higher levels of P in roots and in foliage than plants grown under a dry regime. Cu and Pb levels in foliage were affected in the opposite manner.
TEMPERATURE-INDUCED EFFECTS ON CARNATION MOTTLE VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: KEMP W. G.
Published: March 2010

Number, size and type of local lesions induced by carnation mottle virus in inoculated leaves of Dianthus barbatus varied considerably with both the pre- and post-inoculation temperature. The highest pre-inoculation temperature tended to decrease lesion number. The incubation temperature was the most influential and regulated the expanding chlorotic versus necrotic lesion response in a hypersensitive clone of D. barbatus. Differences in lesion number at different incubation temperatures not only represented differences in virus establishment but also might indicate delay in visible symptom expression. The virus titer was consistently greater and the symptoms more severe when the inoculated leaves of a non-hypersensitive clone of D. barbatus were incubated continuously at 21 C than at either 10 or 32 C.
DIURNAL FLUCTUATION AND RELATIVE MAGNITUDE OF WATER POTENTIAL IN WHEAT TISSUE
Authors: Yang S. J. , Jong E. de
Published: March 2010

not available
USE OF LATEX-COATED PELLETS FOR CONTROL OF COMMON ROOT ROT OF WHEAT
Authors: MILLS J. T. , SCHREIBER K.
Published: March 2010

Latex-coated pellets, consisting of a nucleus of pearl barley coated with molasses and limestone, plus either fungicides, chitin or fertilizer at the rate of 162 to 1200 g pearl barley, did not significantly reduce root rot when compared with pearl barley alone at Morden and La Riviere, Manitoba. The pellets did not give effective control or accurate release of chemicals despite a rainfall of 25 cm in 3 months; other methods of release, independent of moisture, are needed to give better timed-release. Instant-release fungicidal pellets without latex tested on agar reduced aerial growth of Cochliobolus sativus and other fungi. Precocious sporulation occurred in C. sativus with SWF 910, Vitavax and Hoechst 2981 treatments, in Ulocladium sp. with Vitavax, and in Fusarium culmorum with Hoechst 2981.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEA CULTIVARS
Authors: NONNECKE I. L. , ADEDIPE N. O. , ORMROD D. P.
Published: March 2010

The effects of two relative humidities and three temperature regimes on the growth and yield responses of four pea cultivars were investigated. The high day/night temperature regime of 27/17 C, compared with 17/7 C, decreased the number of pods per plant by 46, 65, 66 and 54% in the cultivars Dark Skin Perfection, Nugget, Early Sweet 11 and Elf, respectively. Continued growth at the high temperature decreased pea yield by 50% in Dark Skin Perfection and about 70% in the other cultivars. When plants were first grown at 17/7 until full bloom and then subjected to the 27/7 C regime, the high temperature treatment showed no significant effect on growth and yield. Dark Skin Perfection was the least adversely affected by high temperature. No significant differences in growth and yield were observed at 50 and 90% relative humidities.
SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS OBSERVED BY GROWTH ANALYSIS
Authors: BUTTERY B. R. , BUZZELL R. I.
Published: March 2010

Spaced plants of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars were subjected to classical growth analysis. Varietal differences in mean net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), relative leaf growth rate (RLGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf weight (SLW), and shoot/root ratio (S/R) were detected within a group of 21 cultivars grown in three tests over 3 years. Only LAR and SLW differed within another group of 23 cultivars grown in 2 years. Comparisons of cultivars with their parents showed that selection for yield had resulted in increased NAR and SLW, and in decreased LAR, S/R, plant weight, and leaf area. Many of the cultivars were transgressive segregants for higher NAR and SLW and for lower LAR. Phenotypic correlations showed that NAR was highly correlated with SLW and inversely correlated with LAR. SLW might be a useful character for indirect selection of soybean yield.
ADVERSE INFLUENCE OF AWNS ON YIELD OF WHEAT
Authors: McKENZIE HUGH
Published: March 2010

Reciprocal backcrosses between two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) cultivars, awned Lee and awnletted Thatcher, provided "awnletted" Lee lines and "awned" Thatcher lines. Comparisons between yields of the awned and awnletted forms of the two cultivars at several locations in southern Alberta over a 4-year period showed a relation between awnedness and yield. The awnletted form generally was superior to the awned in yield. This finding contrasts with findings in most previous studies where the awned forms outyielded the awnless and awnletted ones. Moisture supply during the growing season did not influence the effect of awnedness on yield. Plumpness of kernels, contrary to the findings of some previous investigators, was not associated with awnedness. Differences in kernel count per spike were slight between the awned and awnletted pairs. Spike count per unit area was greater for the "awnletted" than for the awned Lee lines but was not different between the awnletted and "awned" Thatcher pairs.
BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL CULTIVARS AS HOSTS FOR ROOT-LESION NEMATODES AND EFFECTS OF NEMATODES ON YIELDS
Authors: WILLIS C. B. , THOMPSON L. S.
Published: March 2010

Results of a greenhouse test with eight cultivars and two selections of birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., indicated that forage yields were significantly reduced by Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb 1917) Filip. and Stek. 1941. Forage yields of all cultivars and selections at the fifth and sixth cuttings and total yields for the 285-day experimental period were significantly lower than non-infested checks. Root production was significantly reduced by P. penetrans. Reductions in forage yield and root production as a result of nematode infestation were similar for all cultivars and selections. Nematode increase by the end of the experimental period did not differ significantly among cultivars or selections. In a field test, forage yields, numbers of nematodes recovered from rootlets, and recovery of Fusarium spp. fungi from rootlets and tap roots did not differ significantly among seven cultivars.
THREE NEW SUB-ARCTIC TYPE TOMATOES: "EARLY SUB-ARCTIC," "SUB-ARCTIC MIDI," AND "SUB-ARCTIC PLENTY"
Authors: Harris R. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT ON IN VITRO DIGESTION OF DRY MATTER IN HIGHLY DIGESTIBLE FORAGES
Authors: Bowden D. M.
Published: March 2010

Freeze-dried samples from six series of harvests of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and two series of grass–legume mixtures were generally highly digestible with high levels of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC). When WSC content was held constant, the influence of crude protein (CP) content on dry matter digested in vitro was statistically significant in 6 of the 19 cuts of orchardgrass and 1 of the 15 cuts of grass–legume mixtures. When CP was held constant, the influence of WSC content on dry matter digested in vitro was significant in seven cuts of orchardgrass and seven cuts of grass–legume. CP content had a greater effect than WSC content on dry matter digested in vitro in 10 cuts of orchardgrass and six cuts of grass–legume mixtures. Cumulative effect of CP and WSC content on in vitro dry matter digestion varied between cuts. The potential of CP and WSC content alone or together as predictors of digestibility of the highly digestible forages sampled in this study varied between cuts.
RESPONSE OF WEEDS AND SEVERAL SHELTERBELT TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES TO GRANULAR SIMAZINE
Authors: GROVER R. , MORGAN G. A.
Published: March 2010

Granular simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), at 3.36, 6.72, and 10.08 kg/ha, was applied to new transplants of Caragana arborescens Lam., Cotoneaster acutifolia Turcz., Crataegus sp., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. subintegerrima (Vahl.) Fern., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Lonicera tatarica L., Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea pungens Engelm., Pinus sylvestris L., Populus deltoides Marsh., Populus × Northwest (Hort.), Prunus padus L. var. commutata Dipp., Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg., Rosa rugosa Thunb. cult Hansa, Salix acutifolia Willd., Salix pentandra L., Shepherdia argentea Nutt., Sorbus americana Marsh., Syringa villosa Vahl., Ulmus americana L., and Ulmus pumila L. Simazine at 6.72 kg/ha gave 68% control of annual weeds and this was sufficient for the adequate growth of most of the tree and shrub species in this test. None of the species showed visible injury symptoms at any of the simazine rates tested, but the growth of some was reduced at the high simazine rate.
GENOTYPIC, PHENOTYPIC, AND GENO-PHENOTYPIC METHODS OF SELECTION FOR SEEDLING VIGOR IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: TWAMLEY B. E.
Published: March 2010

A 72-line, six-replicate seedling vigor test was used to initiate three methods of selection for seedling vigor. In the genotypic method, selection was based on progeny test. In the phenotypic, it was based purely on the vigor of the seedling. In the third or geno-phenotypic method vigorous seedlings were selected from the most vigorous lines. The selected plants were polycrossed within groups and the seed so produced was used to establish new nurseries. From these, seed was collected and comparative seedling vigor tests were undertaken. Heritability tests were also run. The geno-phenotypic group outyielded the genotypic group by an average of 11%. The phenotypic group behaved erratically. Heritability for seedling vigor was low, and for combining ability for seedling vigor, considerably higher. The best method of selecting good germplasm for seedling vigor was to select the most vigorous seedlings from the most vigorous progeny lines.
CHLORIDE UPTAKE BY TURFGRASSES AS AFFECTED BY CALCIUM LEVELS
Authors: CORDUKES W. E. , PARUPS E. V.
Published: March 2010

not available
REACTION OF BARLEY HYBRIDS FROM CROSSES WITH C.I. 5791 TO FOUR ISOLATES OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS
Authors: GILL C. C. , BUCHANNON K. W.
Published: March 2010

The Ethiopian barley line C.I. 5791, and six hybrids from crosses between this line and commercial cultivars, were tested in growth cabinets for their reaction to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) isolates 6409 (Macrosiphum avenae-specific) and 6515 (nonspecific). C.I. 5791 was highly tolerant to both isolates. Two hybrids, 62-528 and 65-407-3, were highly tolerant to isolates 6409 and 6515, respectively. Herta, included as a susceptible cultivar, showed the least tolerance to each virus isolate. When these two hybrids were tested against BYDV isolates 6524 (Rhopalosiphum padi-specific) and 6716 (R. maidis-specific), tolerance was higher when plants were inoculated at the four- to five-leaf stage than at the two-leaf stage. Tolerance to isolate 6716, characterized as mild on susceptible oats, was lower than to isolate 6524, which was moderately severe on the oats. Tolerance to the four virus isolates was generally highest for hybrid 62-528.
APPLICATION OF BARBAN UNDER WINDY CONDITIONS
Authors: SCHAFER D. E. , STOBBE E. H.
Published: March 2010

Barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chloro-carbonilate) was applied to wild oats (Avena fatua L.) by a standard and two low-profile nozzles under greenhouse and field conditions. A standard 650067 spray nozzle resulted in unsatisfactory wild oat control when used under windy conditions. This was due primarily to spray drift. Negligible spray drift occurred with a low profile 650067 system, but wild oat control was erratic. A wide-angle 115015 nozzle gave effective wild oat control and was not subject to spray drift.
EFFICIENCY OF RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ALFALFA CULTIVARS
Authors: GASSER H. , GUY P. , OBATON M. , SIKORA I.
Published: March 2010

Five alfalfa cultivars were studied in the greenhouse in relation to their effective symbiotic relation with different strains of Rhizobium meliloti. A significant variety × R. meliloti strain interaction for yield was evident in the first cutting, but at the second cutting, some strains of R. meliloti were more effective in their symbiosis with alfalfa cultivars than others.
ADHESION OF SEED TREATMENT FUNGICIDES TO SEEDS OF DIFFERENT CROPS
Authors: MILLS J. T.
Published: March 2010

The maximum quantities of five seed treatment fungicides that adhered to seed of barley, buckwheat, crambe, flax, rape, sunflower, and wheat were determined and considered in relation to oil and moisture contents of seeds of the crops. Adhesion was related to the gross seed surface area per bushel, to fine surface features of the seed, and to the nature of the treatment material but not to number of seeds per bushel. Most adhesion was to rapeseed, which had a high gross surface area per bushel and a very rough surface. The fungicides, arranged in increasing order of adhesion to seeds, were Panogen Px, Vitaflo DB, Arasan 75, Manzate D, and Benlate T. Manzate D and Benlate T had much greater adhesion and smaller more friable particles than the other fungicides. Panogen Px depends for effectiveness on its volatility, thus less adhesion and larger aggregated particles are not factors limiting its use.
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD, SHORT-DAY VERNALIZATION, AND COLD VERNALIZATION ON DAYS TO HEADING IN AVENA SPECIES AND CULTIVARS
Authors: SAMPSON D. R. , BURROWS V. D.
Published: March 2010

Exposure of 19 accessions belonging to nine species of Avena to constant daily photoperiods of 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hr showed that heading was promoted by the longer photoperiods, except in A. abyssinica, which headed first on 15-hr days. Some accessions headed sooner in 9-hr than in 12-hr photoperiods. An interrupted night treatment suggested that photoperiodic control of heading date is exercised by the length of the dark period. A second experiment demonstrated a short-day vernalization response in two of the six accessions initially grown in 9-hr days and later in 12-hr days. In a third experiment (19 entries) cold vernalization (7.2 C for 39 days) strongly promoted heading in seven wild species from the Mediterranean region and in A. abyssinica and the winter oat Landhafer (from 21 to 60 days earlier in 18-hr days). Weaker but significant (P <.05) responses were evident in A. strigosa and three of the remaining nine cultivated hexaploids. The responses to cold vernalization were greater in plants growing in 12- and 18-hr days than in 9-hr days. For the three experiments, regression analysis of days to heading on hours of photoperiod showed that A. byzantina C.W. 544, A. sativa Rapida, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. barbata were the least sensitive to differences in photoperiod (1–3 days earlier per hour longer). Avena strigosa and related diploid wild species showed intermediate sensitivity. Northern spring oat cultivars and Ottawa breeding lines were very sensitive (6–10 days earlier per hour longer). The implications that these findings have for oat breeding are discussed.
EFFECTS OF ISOLATION DISTANCE ON CONTAMINATION IN SWEETCLOVER
Authors: GOPLEN B. P. , COOKE D. A. , PANKIW P.
Published: March 2010

The recessive low coumarin gene cu was used as a marker to study the effects of isolation distance on contamination levels in sweetclover pollinated by honey bees. A 46-m isolation distance was found inadequate to maintain a high level of genetic purity. Considerable contamination from crossing resulted with isolation distances from 46 to 804 m when there was little competitive bloom from other entomophilous crops. A highly attractive and competitive crop of rapeseed appeared to serve as a very effective isolation barrier to minimize contamination. A higher amount of contamination occurred in the borders of the low-coumarin isolation plots of one test. The results of this study are sufficient to question the existing isolation standards for sweetclover, but are not adequate to formulate new standards.
ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCLEROTINIA WILT OF WHITE BEANS IN ONTARIO
Authors: HAAS JERRY H. , BOLWYN BART
Published: March 2010

The distribution of sclerotinia wilt (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in commercial white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops was determined by a three-stage sampling of plants three times in each of two growing seasons. Crop growth characteristics, soil conditions, and agricultural practices in crops with and without the disease were compared. The disease has not previously been reported on dry bean seedlings in Ontario. It was found in 1969, 5 days after an unusually warm rainy period. The disease usually appeared after flowering and when the first pods were at least 8 cm long. Infected crops were distributed throughout the bean-growing area, except in the lee of Lake Huron, where the disease occurred only in crops planted in north–south rows. In general east–west (and southwest–northeast) planted crops had less disease. Other conditions significantly associated with the presence of disease were early date of planting, low plant populations, high dry weight per plant, high crop canopy density, and soil pH. Soil fertility, soil texture, and recent cropping history of the field were not associated with disease occurrence. Sclerotinia wilt reduced yield 1.3% in Ontario in 1969–70.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND DURATION OF DEW PERIOD ON GERMINATION OF RUST UREDIOSPORES ON CORN LEAVES
Authors: MEDERICK F. M. , SACKSTON W. E.
Published: March 2010

An outbreak of rust (Puccinia sorghi) on susceptible corn cultivars in Quebec appeared attributable to favorable environmental conditions. Minimum temperature for germination of urediospores of P. sorghi on water agar was between 2 and 5 C, optimum between 10 and 25 C, and maximum between 30 and 35 C. Urediospores on corn leaves in a dew chamber began to germinate within 3 hr between 9 and 18.5 C. Dew periods longer than 3 hr at 1.5–18.5 C did not increase germination percentage significantly. Urediospores were maintained on dry corn leaves in a greenhouse for 16 days. Plants were transferred from the greenhouse to a dew chamber at daily intervals to determine viability of the spores. Germination percentage remained fairly constant up to 6 days, then declined to about 40% after 16 days’ exposure on dry leaves.
EFFECTS OF Mn AND Fe SUPPLY ON THE GROWTH OF BARLEY IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION
Authors: BEAUCHAMP E. G. , ROSSI N.
Published: March 2010

The influence of three Fe levels (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 ppm) and four Mn levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 ppm) in all combinations in nutrient solutions were studied in the greenhouse with barley plants. At the anthesis stage, the dry matter yield increased with increasing Fe supply when the Mn level was below optimum (0.005 ppm) or approximately optimum (0.05 ppm). At maturity, the yields of kernels and straw increased with increasing Fe supply regardless of the Mn level. Mn deficiency symptoms were evident at the lowest Mn level and were not influenced by the Fe supply. Dry matter yields at the two highest Mn levels were lower than those at the 0.05-ppm Mn level at both the anthesis and mature stages. Mn toxicity symptoms were evident only at the highest Mn level. The critical Mn concentration in the four uppermost leaf blades associated with reduced dry matter yield was approximately 15 ppm regardless of the Fe supply. The critical Mn concentration in leaves plus stem was slightly lower than that for leaf blades only. Similar results were obtained with two barley cultivars. It was concluded that increasing the Fe supply does not reduce Mn availability or concentration in barley plants when the Mn supply ranges from below to approximately optimum but may do so when the Mn supply is above optimum.
EFFECTS OF CROP ROTATION ON SOME SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS OF POTATO
Authors: EMMOND G. S. , LEDINGHAM R. J.
Published: March 2010

Crop rotations had a marked effect on the incidence and severity of wilt disease on potato crops, and consequently on crop yields. The primary cause of the disease appeared to be the "dauermycelium" form of Verticillium albo-atrum. Colletotrichum coccodes was also isolated and a few pink Fusaria were noted. The highest level of wilt occurred in the continuous potatoes and in the second potato crop of a 6-year rotation, and the lowest level occurred in a 3-year rotation. The first potato crop of a 6-year rotation had an intermediate degree of wilt. Black dot (C. coccodes) occurred at a higher level than expected and at much the same level in all rotations.
GERMINATION OF WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY SOIL WATER STRESS
Authors: PAWLOSKI M. C. , SHAYKEWICH C. F.
Published: March 2010

Germination rate of wheat was determined at several water potentials (−0.8, −5.3, −7.8, and −15.3 bars) on two soils and a semipermeable membrane. Germination rate decreased as matric potential decreased. At a given water potential, germination rates were the same for both soils but germination on the membrane system was faster than on soils. Hydraulic conductivity was different on the two media, indicating that the hydraulic conductivity is an important component of soil water stress. Germination rate was not affected by decreasing water potential to −7.8 bars on each medium. At the −15.3-bar potential germination rate was considerably slower.
NOUVELLES ETUDES SUR LA TRANSMISSION DE LA TACHE ARGENTEE CHEZ LA POMME DE TERRE PAR DES SEMENCES CONTAMINEES
Authors: SANTERRE JACQUELIN
Published: March 2010

The number of tubers infected with silver scurf (Helminthosporium atrovirens (Harz) Mason et Hughes) in a crop and their distribution among potato hills are closely related to the degree of seed contamination. Wholly contaminated seed yielded the highest percentage of contaminated hills, infected tubers, and completely or nearly completely contaminated hills. Unlike other microorganisms that infect potatoes, H. atrovirens seems to survive in soil only where potato debris is found.
GROWTH OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SEEDLINGS AS COMPARED WITH CLONAL CUTTINGS
Authors: AALDERS L. E. , HALL I. V. , JACKSON L. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ETHREL AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING HYBRID CEREALS
Authors: STOSKOPF N. C. , LAW J.
Published: March 2010

not available
SINTA APPLE
Authors: LAPINS K. O.
Published: March 2010

not available
EVALUATION OF ETHIRIMOL AND BENOMYL FOR CONTROL OF POWDERY MILDEW OF BARLEY
Authors: EDGINGTON L. V. , REINBERGS E. , SHEPHARD M. C.
Published: March 2010

Two systemic fungicides, ethirimol and benomyl, effectively controlled powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. hordei) of barley and significantly increased the yield. Ethirimol performed best as a seed dressing or as granules placed in the furrow. Uptake appeared to be dependent on soil moisture. Downward leaching of ethirimol during the growing season was minimal. Application rate may need to be varied according to inoculum pressure and varietal susceptibility. Benomyl failed to give control of disease for a long enough period when applied as a seed dressing, but appeared promising as a foliar spray at midseason.
UPTAKE OF SOIL-APPLIED CADMIUM AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN RADISHES
Authors: JOHN MATT K.
Published: March 2010

Various amounts of cadmium chloride were added to unlimed and limed Hjorth soil in a growth-chamber experiment to study cadmium uptake by radish plants. The plants accumulated more cadmium in the tops than in the root portion. Concentrations in both tops and roots increased progressively as more cadmium was added to the soil. When lime was also applied, plant concentrations were increased to a lesser degree than for unlimed soil. Both independent variables included in equations to predict plant cadmium content from added cadmium and added lime contributed significantly to the multiple regression.
GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ALFALFA, SAINFOIN, AND CICER MILKVETCH
Authors: SMOLIAK S. , JOHNSTON A. , HANNA M. R.
Published: March 2010

Seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cult Roamer, sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.), cult Melrose, and cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), cult Oxley, were grown in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. Each week 20 plants of each species were harvested for growth analysis. The growth rate of cicer milkvetch was not significantly different from that of alfalfa or sainfoin seedlings. Alfalfa and sainfoin produced significantly more top plant material from weeks 5 to 10 than did cicer milkvetch. In another experiment, seeds of each species were germinated and the resulting seedlings grown at root-zone temperatures, 7, 13, 18, and 27 C. When grown at four root-zone temperatures, alfalfa and cicer milkvetch developed and grew best at 27 C, whereas sainfoin grew well at 18 C and at 27 C. The slow root development of cicer milkvetch at temperatures of 7–18 C may explain the poor growth under field conditions, where young seedlings may suffer from drought because of a restricted root system.
SEEDLING GROWTH OF FOUR AGROPYRON SPECIES
Authors: JOHNSTON A. , SMOLIAK S. , WILSON D. B.
Published: March 2010

Seedlings of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.), cult Summit, slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte), cull Primar, pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.), cult Greenleaf, and quack-grass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) were grown in the greenhouse for 6 weeks. Each week 20 plants of each species were harvested for growth analysis. Dry weight accumulation in A. trichophorum and A. repens exceeded that in A. desertorum and A. trachycaulum, although net assimilation rate and relative growth rate did not differ among species. A. trichophorum excelled in total weight of roots, total leaf weight, leaf area, and leaf area ratio; A. repens excelled in total sheath weight, total weight of topgrowth, and percent total nonstructural carbohydrates. We suggest that the desirable characteristics of A. repens should be utilized in Canadian grass-breeding programs.
IMBIBITION AS A FACTOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL PRECONDITIONING OF A WINTER WHEAT
Authors: WEINBERGER PEARL , JONES ROGER A. D.
Published: March 2010

At the end of a 5-week vernalization treatment large changes in the indicator amino acids, proline, serine, and threonine, and in the amides glutamine and asparagine, were observed in the grain parts of a winter cereal (Triticum aestivum cult Rideau) exposed to two different imbibition periods prior to chilling. These early preconditioning treatments, differing only by a 9-hr span at 24 ± 1 C, evidently substantially altered the subsequent amino acid and protein metabolism of the grains. Three bases for expressing the data were used, namely, the amount of protein, amino acids, or amides per grain part; amounts per 100 mg dry wt of grain parts; or amounts per 100 mg protein.
STIMULATION OF HAIR GROWTH BY A PLANT FACTOR
Authors: ROSLYCKY E. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
LINDEL APPLE
Authors: LEUTY S. J. , HEENEY H. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
CHAMBERS TO COMPARE THE SUN AND FLUORESCENT-INCANDESCENT LAMPS AS SOURCES OF RADIATION FOR PLANT GROWTH
Authors: DARWENT A. L. , BEHRENS R.
Published: March 2010

not available
SPACING AND FERTILIZER STUDIES ON SWEET CORN UNDER IRRIGATION IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: FREYMAN S. , KALDY M. S. , KOZUB G. C. , DUBETZ S. , ANDREW W. T.
Published: March 2010

Two cultivars of sweet corn (Zea mays L.), Mello Gold and Queen Anne, were grown at two sites in 1970 at three plant populations (45, 60, and 75 thousand plants/ha), two row spacings (75 and 100 cm), and two fertilizer rates (recommended rate on the basis of a soil test and an upward adjustment of the recommended rate). In 1971 an additional site was chosen and the same two cultivars were grown at four plant populations (45, 57.5, 70, and 82.5 thousand plants/ha) in rows 100 cm apart and with a uniform recommended fertilizer application. Yields in 1970 were higher on a sandy loam than on a loam soil. Mello Gold had larger ears and yielded more than Queen Anne. Yields increased significantly in both years with increasing plant populations. Yields were unaffected in 1970 by row width or fertilizer rate. Ear length of both cultivars decreased with increasing populations. Total sugar and alcohol-insoluble solid content of the kernels was unaffected by the treatments.
INCIDENCE OF NECROTIC RINGSPOT AND PRUNE DWARF VIRUSES IN WILD PRUNUS SPECIES
Authors: DAVIDSON T. R. , RUNDANS V.
Published: March 2010

In the fruit belt of the Niagara Peninsula, wild Prunus avium and P. serotina are common along the Niagara Escarpment, the larger streams, and the Niagara River. P. virginiana is somewhat more widespread than the former species and P. pensylvanica is very rare. P. nigra and P. americana are limited in distribution. The necrotic ringspot virus (NRSV) was detected in trees of P. avium, P. serotina, and P. virginiana, whereas the prune dwarf virus (PDV) (sour cherry yellows) was found only in trees of P. avium and P. serotina. Because of the limited incidence and distribution of virus-infected trees, however, and because the bloom periods of the wild species rarely coincide with sour cherry, peach, or plum, wild Prunus species are considered relatively unimportant as potential reservoirs of virus for infection of commercial orchards.
DETECTION OF NECROTIC RINGSPOT AND PRUNE DWARF VIRUSES BY INDEXING DORMANT CHERRY BUDS ON HERBACEOUS PLANTS
Authors: DAVIDSON T. R. , RUNDANS V.
Published: March 2010

Trituration of dormant cherry buds in a 2.5% nicotine solution at the rate of 0.1 ml per 0.02 g bud tissue and inoculation of herbaceous plants with this mixture is a reliable method of indexing sour cherries for the necrotic ringspot and prune dwarf (= sour cherry yellows) viruses. These viruses were detected in buds collected from late October through to bud break in the spring. Some month-to-month and tree-to-tree variations were shown. No virus was recovered when a sodium diethyldithiocarbamate buffer replaced nicotine as the trituration medium. As compared with the forced-bud method the dormant-bud technique can be used over a longer period with a considerable saving in time and greenhouse space.
TESTS FOR CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF MALE STERILITY IN SUGARBEET
Authors: HECKER R. J. , SMITH G. A. , BILGEN TALAT , BHATNAGAR P. S.
Published: March 2010

We conducted four greenhouse and field experiments on the evaluation of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), estrone, dimethylarsinic acid, and 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (FW-450) as male gametocides on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Estrone induced a significant amount of pollen sterility in three genotype-treatment combinations, but the amount of emasculation was not sufficient or consistent enough to be of practical value. Dimethylarsinic acid had no gametocidal effect. FW-450 effected the greatest amount of pollen sterility, but was considered inadequate as a commercial gametocide. Ethrel induced varying amounts of pollen sterility, dependent upon genotype. At 200 ppm it was phytotoxic and reduced seed yield drastically. It is doubtful that Ethrel will be useful as a gametocide in sugarbeet.
TRICHODERMA KONINGII AS A PARASITE OF MAIZE SEEDLINGS
Authors: SUTTON JOHN C.
Published: March 2010

Lesions were produced on the first internode, first-whorl adventitious roots, and primary roots of maize plants grown from kernels inoculated with Trichoderma koningii in non-sterilized soil–vermiculite (3:1) mix. Similar lesions formed in plants grown from non-inoculated kernels in soil–vermiculite mix to which 104 or 105T. koningii conidia per gram dried soil mix were added. Roots of inoculated plants grown in vermiculite alone developed extensive necrosis. Lesions were absent or minor in all noninoculated control plants. Disease was more severe in seedlings developing from wounded than from nonwounded kernels. Inoculated plants were shorter and produced less dry matter in shoots than non-inoculated plants. The data indicate that T. koningii is parasitic on maize and that necrosis of the first internode and adjacent tissues is associated with maize stunting.
INFLUENCE OF FAT-SUGAR DERIVED SURFACTANTS ON FOLIAR RADIOACTIVE IRON ABSORPTION AND TRANSLOCATION BY TOMATO PLANTS
Authors: CANTLIFFE D. J. , WILCOX G. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
POSSIBLE INFLUENCES OF VITAFLO ON THE GROWTH OF CORN
Authors: WHITE R. P. , JOHNSTON H. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
RELATIONS BETWEEN ESTIMATES OF SEED VIGOR AND FIELD PERFORMANCE IN WHEAT
Authors: DASGUPTA P. R. , AUSTENSON H. M.
Published: March 2010

Samples of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cult Manitou) were obtained from Saskatchewan farms in 1968 and 1969. Determinations were made in the laboratory of such estimates of seed vigor as germination at different temperatures, early seedling growth, seed weight, pericarp injury, respiration rate, and several chemical constituents. Yield tests of these samples were grown at Saskatoon, Dundurn, and Melfort, Saskatchewan. Correlation and regression analysis indicated that yield variations among seed lots were related primarily to seed size in 1968 samples and to germination in 1969 samples.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE OF ALFALFA TISSUE
Authors: WALTON P. D.
Published: March 2010

The electrical impedance of alfalfa tissue was measured at a range of root depths and stem heights. The results showed that only for unhardened roots was position of the measuring device important. Partial correlation coefficients for the relation of both stem and root diameter with impedance were significant for cold-conditioned and untreated material. Stems had higher impedance values than roots. Higher impedances were also associated with lower relative water contents. Differences in impedance readings for individual cultivars were large below 60% relative water content. In their present form, none of the methods used would be of value in identifying fine differences in the segregating populations used in plant-breeding programs.
EFFECTS OF N, P, K, AND MG ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: TOWNSEND L. R.
Published: March 2010

In a 6-yr field experiment with highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), (NH4)2SO4 had more effect on plant characteristics than superphosphates, KCl, or MgSO4∙7H2O. Application of (NH4)2SO4 was associated with decreased yields and bush size in each of 4 yr, with decreased fruit size in 2 of 3 yr, and with increased winter injury in 2 of 4 yr. This treatment increased leaf N in each of 6 yr but decreased leaf Ca in 3 of 6 yr. Regression equations showed that leaf Ca, bush size, and winter injury were the most important variables affecting yield, whereas leaf N and bush size were the most important ones affecting fruit size.
VARIABILITY OF PLANT GROWTH WITHIN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS AS RELATED TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
Authors: MEASURES MARY , WEINBERGER PEARL , BAER H.
Published: March 2010

Measurements of temperature and light intensity were made at different locations within three growth chambers. Environmental factors were found to vary with location. A great variability in the growth and development of cucumber and corn was noted in plants grown within these growth chambers. This "position effect" significantly affected the population homogeneity at the 5% level. The possibility of a bias of experimental data and the requirement for randomization and rotation of plants within a growth chamber are highlighted by the present study.
MATERNAL EFFECTS ON THE OLEIC, LINOLEIC, AND LINOLENIC ACID CONTENT OF RAPESEED OIL
Authors: THOMAS P. M. , KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

The oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil was investigated in self- and cross-pollinated seed on parental lines and reciprocal F1 populations. The seed was derived from three strains of rapeseed that produce seed oil practically free of eicosenoic and erucic acids. A definite maternal genotype effect on the oleic and linoleic acid content of the cross-pollinated embryo was evident in two of three combinations. Embryo control for the quantities of these two fatty acids was indicated for the third combination. Both embryo and maternal genotype control of linolenic acid content was indicated. There were no cytoplasmic effects evident in the reciprocal F1 populations for any fatty acid in all three combinations.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT SOURCE ON THE GROWTH OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa produced more herbage and more roots in a growth room when the fluorescent portion of an incandescent-fluorescent light source consisted of half gro-lux, high in blue-green-red light and half cool-white, high in blue-green-yellow-orange light than when it consisted of either alone. Protein content and degree of flowering were not affected by light source variations. Alfalfa cultivars, ranging in genetic makeup from Medicago falcata to M. media and M. sativa types, responded similarly to variations in light source. There was a definite trend for cultivars to produce less herbage and fewer roots as the proportion of M. falcata germ plasm in them increased. M. falcata flowered later than M. sativa in the growth room.
ELONGATION OF RED RASPBERRIES
Authors: ADRICHEM M. C. J. van
Published: March 2010

not available
THE PIN NEMATODE, PARATYLENCHUS PROJECTUS, IN RHUBARB IN ONTARIO
Authors: TOWNSHEND J. L. , POTTER J. W. , MARKS C. F. , LOUGHTON A.
Published: March 2010

The pin nematode, Paratylenchus projectus, was the nematode most commonly associated with declining yields of fresh winter rhubarb, Rheum rhaponticum L., in Ontario, and was dominant both in the number of forcing sheds infested and in the number per unit weight of soil. The nematode survived in soil at 0–30 C. Massive numbers of pin nematodes were required to significantly reduce the weight of marketable stalks harvested in the forcing shed. Nematicides as dips to destroy residual populations of the pin nematode on rhubarb sets were phytotoxic at most concentrations. Heavier 2-yr-old roots were lifted from a field treated with a preplanting nematicide than from an untreated field. The former roots produced a greater weight of marketable stalks in forcing sheds than did the latter. Declining yields of fresh winter rhubarb were due to poor quality roots from the field associated with large pin nematode populations rather than to pin nematode damage in the forcing shed.
LEAF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN A GAS-EXCHANGE CUVETTE
Authors: BEADLE C. L. , STEVENSON K. R. , THURTELL G. W.
Published: March 2010

Leaf temperature was determined using 0.025-mm junction-welded and 0.125-mm beaded thermocouples. The use of fine-wire thermocouples was necessary to avoid errors in measurement that exceeded 2.5 degrees C in well-watered and 3.5 degrees C in water-stressed plants when using beaded thermocouples. Evanohm was used instead of copper to form one component of the fine wire thermocouple as it is stronger and has a lower thermal conductivity. A cuvette was designed and constructed that allowed for gas exchange to be studied as a function of water potential. A high velocity air ventilation system was used to offset the rise in leaf temperature associated with stomatal closure at low water potentials. This also provided a steady, low, reproducible boundary layer resistance of approximately 0.05 sec cm−1.
SEED YIELD OF ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY AFTERMATH REMOVAL
Authors: LAWRENCE T.
Published: March 2010

not available
ABSORPTION OF MAGNESIUM BY McINTOSH APPLE LEAVES AS INFLUENCED BY SPRAY COMPOSITION AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors: WEBSTER D. H.
Published: March 2010

Addition of Ca(NO3)2 to sprays of MgSO4 increased absorption of Mg by McIntosh apple leaves. Addition of urea had no effect. Absorption of Mg over 24 h from MgSO4 varied from − 2.5 to 19.4% of initial spray deposit and was significant in only one of five sprays. Absorption from Mg(NO3)2 varied from 18.3 to 50.2% and was significant in all sprays. Most of the variation in absorption could be explained by humidity and temperature conditions during the period of absorption.
EFFECTS OF 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID ON RUNNER PLANT YIELDS AND FRUIT MATURITY OF THE STRAWBERRY
Authors: BLATT C. R. , SPONAGLE A. G.
Published: March 2010

2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) applied at 480, 960, or 1,920 ppm to strawberry (Fragaria sp.) cult Redcoat plants increased runner plant yields from fruited plants compared with control fruited plants in two greenhouse experiments and one field trial. In one greenhouse experiment, ethephon applications of 960 and 1,920 ppm significantly increased runner plant yields from fruited plants compared with control deflowered plants and these treatments increased the percent of the total crop harvested in the first four picks an average of 44% above the control. In the field trial, runner plant yields from fruited plants receiving ethephon applied at 960 ppm were similar to those from control deflowered plants.