bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Extreme Emission Line Galaxies. II. A Self-consistent Model of Their Ionizing Spectrum*
Authors: Olivier Grace M. , Berg Danielle A. , Chisholm John , Erb Dawn K. , Pogge Richard W. , Skillman Evan D.
Published: October 2022

Observations of high-redshift galaxies (z > 5) have shown that these galaxies have extreme emission lines with equivalent widths much larger than their local star-forming counterparts. Extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) in the nearby universe are likely analogs to galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization and provide nearby laboratories to understand the physical processes important to the early universe. We use Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Large Binocular Telescope/Multi-Object Double Spectrographs spectra to study two nearby EELGs, J104457 and J141851. The far-UV spectra indicate that these two galaxies contain stellar populations with ages ≲10 Myr and metallicities ≤0.15 Z
⊙. We use photoionization modeling to compare emission lines from models of single-age bursts of star formation to observed emission lines and find that the single-age bursts do not reproduce high-ionization lines including [O iii] or very-high-ionization lines like He ii or O iv]. Photoionization modeling using the stellar populations fit from the UV continuum similarly is not capable of reproducing the very-high-energy emission lines. We add a blackbody to the stellar populations fit from the UV continuum to model the necessary high-energy photons to reproduce the very-high-ionization lines of He ii and O iv]. We find that we need a blackbody of 80,000 K and ∼45%–55% of the luminosity from the blackbody and young stellar population to reproduce the very-high-ionization lines while simultaneously reproducing the low-, intermediate-, and high-ionization emission lines. Our self-consistent model of the ionizing spectra of two nearby EELGs indicates the presence of a previously unaccounted-for source of hard ionizing photons in reionization analogs.
Coronal Mass Ejection Deformation at 0.1 au Observed by WISPR
Authors: Braga Carlos R. , Vourlidas Angelos , Liewer Paulett C. , Hess Phillip , Stenborg Guillermo , Riley Pete
Published: October 2022

Although coronal mass ejections (CMEs) resembling flux ropes generally expand self-similarly, deformations along their fronts have been reported in observations and simulations. We present evidence of one CME becoming deformed after a period of self-similar expansion in the corona. The event was observed by multiple white-light imagers on 2021 January 20–22. The change in shape is evident in observations from the heliospheric imagers from the Wide-Field Imager for Solar Probe Plus (WISPR), which observed this CME for ∼44 hr. We reconstruct the CME using forward-fitting models. In the first hours, observations are consistent with a self-similar expansion, but later on the front flattens, forming a dimple. Our interpretation is that the CME becomes deformed at ∼0.1 au owing to differences in the background solar wind speeds. The CME expands more at higher latitudes, where the background solar wind is faster. We consider other possible causes for deformations, such as loss of coherence and slow-mode shocks. The CME deformation seems to cause a time-of-arrival error of 16 hr at ∼0.5 au. The deformation is clear only in the WISPR observations; thus, it would have been missed by 1 au coronagraphs. Such deformations may help explain the time-of-arrival errors in events where only coronagraph observations are available.
GW170817 4.5 Yr After Merger: Dynamical Ejecta Afterglow Constraints
Authors: Balasubramanian Arvind , Corsi Alessandra , Mooley Kunal P. , Hotokezaka Kenta , Kaplan David L. , Frail Dale A. , Hallinan Gregg , Lazzati Davide , Murphy Eric J.
Published: October 2022

GW170817 is the first binary neutron star (NS) merger detected in gravitational waves (GWs) and photons, and so far remains the only GW event of its class with a definitive electromagnetic counterpart. Radio emission from the structured jet associated with GW170817 has faded below the sensitivity achievable via deep radio observations with the most sensitive radio arrays currently in operation. Hence, we now have the opportunity to probe the radio re-brightening that some models predict, which should emerge at late times from the interaction of the dynamically stripped merger ejecta with the interstellar medium. Here we present the latest results from our deep radio observations of the GW170817 field with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), 4.5 yr after the merger. Our new data at 3 GHz do not show any compelling evidence for emission in excess to the tail of the jet afterglow (<3.3 μJy), confirming our previous results. We thus set new constraints on the dynamical ejecta afterglow models. These constraints favor single-speed ejecta with energies ≲1050 erg (for an ejecta speed of β
0 = 0.5), or steeper energy–speed distributions of the kilonova ejecta. Our results also suggest larger values of the cold, nonrotating maximum NS mass in equal-mass scenarios. However, without a detection of the dynamical ejecta afterglow, obtaining precise constraints on the NS equation of state remains challenging.
Post COVID-19 Emerging Infectious Diseases: What is the Next Pandemic Agent?
Authors: Choi Young Hwa
Published: October 2022

Emerging infectious diseases are increasing recently and globally. We have a long list of infectious disease epidemic in the 21th century followed by SARS, MERS, Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus infection. COVID-19 is a still ongoing pandemic. What will be the next pandemic agent? The World Health Organization proposed a research and development blueprint regarding global pandemic in 2016. The United Kingdom maintains a list of high consequence infectious diseases and is monitoring them. The Republic of Korea designates Class 1 infectious diseases capable of causing outbreak or epidemic. This article briefly describes several infectious diseases and its causative pathogen that should receive special attention.
Remarques pour Dominique Marin
Authors: Toboul Bernard
Published: October 2022

Roman dialogique et poésie monologique. Le discours intérieur n’est pas un fait de désordre. Les mouvements sociaux font symptôme du discours capitaliste. La psychanalyse peut y apporter « un peu d’air ».
Fonction de l’AE, place, responsabilité
Authors: Tzavidopoulou Anastasia
Published: October 2022

La fonction éphémère de l’AE est la composante de sa place et de sa responsabilité. L’AE devrait être le garant non pas de la formation mais du passage de l’intime à l’extime. Il viendrait interroger le savoir établi et devrait rester vigilant et critique quant au discours analytique dans une École de psychanalyse. La fonction de l’AE est une fonction politique.
Me Too , un nom
Authors: Vellut Natacha
Published: October 2022

Le 15 octobre 2017 nait un nouveau nom : MeToo. Il se fait connaître par la grâce de sa viralité sur le réseau social Twitter. Il apparait dans un monde d’images, celui du cinéma et de la télévision, un monde où règne la guise scopique de l’objet a , la plus efficace à effacer le manque, à contourner la perte, à nier la castration due au langage. Mais, en écrivant sur les réseaux sociaux, un autre usage de l’objet a est promu, celui de l’écrit et de la poubellication. Le nom MeToo devient un appel à parler. Il est traduit en d’autres noms selon celles qui s’en emparent. Reste que sa promotion sur les réseaux sociaux tout à la fois renouvelle l’espoir d’un nouvel Autre, l’Autre infini d’Internet, et la déception de ne pas rencontrer le désir de l’Autre, de ne pas connaître la réponse de l’Autre quant à son être.
Journalisme : l’enquête en sources ouvertes, entre mirage et opportunité
Authors: Mielcarek Romain
Published: October 2022

Pour les journalistes, le phénomène de l’Osint demande une réflexion conceptuelle et pratique. Les professionnels commencent à questionner une pratique qui a émergé dans la communauté du renseignement, pour l’imprégner d’une éthique spécifique à leur métier. De plus en plus, les enquêtes, les reportages et la couverture de l’actualité mobilisent les outils spécifiques aux sources ouvertes numériques, qui complètent des techniques diverses plus qu’elles ne les révolutionnent. À travers une série d’exemples récents de travaux publiés par la presse française et internationale, étude des opportunités offertes par les sources ouvertes. Confrontation de ce potentiel aux questionnements organisationnels et méthodologiques qui n’ont pas encore été pleinement résolus par les journalistes et leurs rédactions.
La contribution de l’Osint aux enquêtes portant sur des crimes internationaux
Authors: Letoqueux Hervé , Aumaître Aurélie
Published: October 2022

La guerre en Ukraine, et avant elle celle en Syrie, a mis en lumière l’intérêt majeur de l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux pour la documentation des conflits sous leur aspect journalistique. La difficulté à se rendre dans les zones de combats pour les rédactions est ainsi compensée par l’immédiate disponibilité de l’information sur ces plateformes, appuyée en cela par l’amélioration constante des moyens technologiques mis à la disposition des citoyens, qui deviennent ainsi acteurs sur le terrain de l’information. Ce principe s’applique également aux acteurs du monde judiciaire qui s’emparent eux aussi des techniques de l’Osint ( open source intelligence , ou Information obtenue en sources ouvertes) pour collecter des preuves pour l’enquête et la poursuite des crimes internationaux. Pour autant, les enjeux liés à l’émergence de cette nouvelle forme, numérique, de collecte de la preuve, pour sa judiciarisation, nécessitent aujourd’hui une structuration de sa méthodologie et une formation de ses praticiens.
Témoigner de son expérience doctorale : une contribution à la réflexion collective sur les conditions de formation, de travail et d’existence en temps de pandémie
Authors: Charmillot Maryvonne , Vernay Olivia , Gouttefarde Amandine
Published: October 2022

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la manière dont la crise pandémique a révélé, voire exacerbé des dimensions habituellement occultées de l’expérience doctorale. L’analyse repose sur les témoignages écrits de quatre doctorantes invitées à tenir elles-mêmes la plume pour coucher sur le papier leur expérience. La démarche d’enquête compréhensive et le principe méthodologique de non-directivité qui président à la production des récits donnent lieu à l’expression de témoignages singuliers qui mettent en évidence différentes facettes de l’expérience doctorale en temps de pandémie. La préoccupation commune qui se dégage suggère que la pandémie renforce les questionnements des doctorantes sur le sens politique du travail de thèse. Deux aspects entrent particulièrement en résonance. Le premier concerne leur propre contribution à la fabrication d’inégalités épistémiques, dès lors que l’appropriation des savoirs universitaires leur parait réservée à une toute petite portion de population autorisée à s’en saisir. Le second concerne l’importance de prendre en compte et de rendre compte des liens qui se tissent entre le chercheur ou la chercheuse et les acteurs sociaux et actrices sociales concernées par l’objet de ses recherches tant ils et elles paraissent coconstituer les connaissances académiques produites in fine .
La fiscalité sur l’énergie peut-elle devenir acceptable ?
Authors: Anne-Braun Jonas , Guesdon Tristan
Published: October 2022

La fiscalité énergétique et son volet incitatif, la composante carbone, se heurtent en France à une faible acceptation de la part des contribuables. Cet article propose une synthèse des aspects les plus saillants du problème. L’impopularité historique des impôts indirects et la nouveauté du rôle incitatif de l’impôt à l’échelle mondiale, l’existence d’effets distributifs qui affectent des « prisonniers énergétiques », et l’absence de dispositif de gouvernance du « recyclage » des recettes de la taxe forment trois explications bien identifiées à cette mauvaise acceptabilité. Cependant, une fiscalité énergétique mieux acceptée implique de faire des choix de nature politique : choix d’un objectif plus ou moins exigeant de sobriété énergétique en plus d’un objectif de décarbonation, choix du type d’affectation des recettes de la fiscalité environnementale, et choix du degré d’uniformité du prix du carbone entre secteurs et produits. L’article conclut que l’une des principales conditions d’acceptabilité réside toutefois non dans la fiscalité elle-même, mais dans l’émergence de solutions énergétiques alternatives et accessibles, qui appelle davantage que le recours au seul outil fiscal.
Optimalité, équité et prix du carbone
Authors: Gaspard Marion , Missemer Antoine
Published: October 2022

La règle de Hotelling, décrivant la trajectoire optimale de long terme du prix d’un actif épuisable, est utilisée de longue date en économie des ressources naturelles. Elle est aujourd’hui également centrale en économie du climat pour l’estimation de ce que serait un prix optimal du carbone. Cette règle, énoncée par Harold Hotelling en 1931, est jugée utile pour dépassionner les débats et fournir une base objective aux arbitrages inter-temporels. Sur la base de matériaux d’archives, cet article propose de revenir aux sources, à savoir l’élaboration de la règle et la conception qu’en avait Hotelling afin de questionner son statut et ses usages aujourd’hui. Nous concluons en particulier que Hotelling ne considérait pas son outil comme neutre face aux enjeux de justice sociale, intra et intergénérationnelle. Délibération collective et action publique étaient au cœur de ses préoccupations, ce qui nous invite à appréhender sous un nouveau jour la fixation des prix du carbone au XXI e siècle.
Josep Palau i Fabre: l'home és un animal que es busca
Authors: Guerrero Brullet Manuel
Published: October 2022

L’intense et courte relation avec Antonin Artaud a indéniablement marqué les premières années du séjour de Josep Palau i Fabre à Paris : une initiation alchimique dangereuse, tendant vers la folie. L’article part du Livre Artaud, projet inédit conservé à la Fundació Palau, et de certains textes consacrés à Picasso. Il explore les significations d’une devise de Palau, « l’home és un animal que es busca », présente dans Doble assaig sobre Picasso (1964), qui constitue l’une des clefs d’interprétation de l’œuvre de Palau.
Plus d’une langue : le sentiment de la langue et ses usages littéraires chez Carme Riera et Ponç Pons
Authors: Güell Mònica
Published: October 2022

L’article étudie la présence d’un sentiment de la langue entendu comme un rapport affectif à celle-ci dans des ouvrages fictionnels relevant des écritures du soi : Els ullastres de Manhattan de Ponç Pons et Temps d’innocència de Carme Riera ainsi que Les darreres paraules. On y interroge la cohabitation entre les différentes langues qui les habitent, notamment le castillan et le catalan, et on effleure aussi la question de l’autotraduction chez Carme Riera.
Parler de l’intimité avec ses langues
Authors: Mencé-Caster Corinne
Published: October 2022

Cet article se propose de réfléchir à la catégorie de l’intime dans les études du langage, en se focalisant sur les locuteurs « diglottes » et la singularité de leur parole. En produisant des énoncés qui relèvent de l’articulation entre elles d’au moins deux langues, ces locuteurs remettent en cause la notion de « système où tout se tient » et tendent à manifester la pertinence de la notion de « polysystème ». La prise en compte de ce polysystème révèle la nécessité d’une herméneutique linguistique doublée d’une pragmatique qui questionne le concept de « grammaticalité », afin de ne pas construire une norme exclusive et excluante. C’est à ce prix que l’intime linguistique des locuteurs « diglottes » pourra être exhumé et qu’ils pourront échapper au sentiment de honte qui les guette sans cesse.
« Couto Mixto » : ombilic et limbe ibérique
Authors: Barja Benito
Published: October 2022

Germes et ambivalences de la capitalité symbolique du Couto Mixto, enclave historique entre Espagne et Portugal, symbolisant à travers son destin historique et sa redécouverte actuelle, un continuum ibérique et les conflits enfouis de l’identité galicienne. De la république contrebandière au sanctuaire ibériste de l’eurorégion Galice-Nord du Portugal, les métamorphoses du Couto sont celles d’un revenant qui continue à déborder l’ordre dominant de son temps.
Lisbonne-Madrid-Barcelone : circulations érotiques
Authors: Curopos Fernando
Published: October 2022

Bien qu’il y ait eu une véritable production de littérature licencieuse au Portugal dès le milieu du XIXe siècle, les éditeurs de « literatura sicalíptica » espagnols vont trouver au Portugal, mais aussi au Brésil, un marché vers où écouler une partie de leur production. C’est cette circulation, en version originale et traduction, que nous mettrons au jour, en identifiant certains de leurs acteurs pour la période 1886-1936.
À table avec Tirant le Blanc
Authors: Alchalabi Frédéric
Published: October 2022

Notre intention est d’étudier la question de la vraisemblance dans Tirant lo Blanc à partir des pratiques alimentaires et des usages de la table décrits dans le roman. Le livre de Martorell est comparé à d’autres romans de chevalerie ou chevaleresques de la même époque, écrits en France et en Espagne. Le régime alimentaire des personnages et la mise en scène de la table dans le roman sont analysés à partir d’enseignements tirés du Terç de Francesc Eiximenis, des Ordinacions de la Casa i Cort de Pierre III de Catalogne/IV d’Aragon et de livres de recettes écrits en langue catalane au Moyen Âge.
Maremar. Estudi de les fonts transtextuals en la creació d’un espectacle social
Authors: Hernàndez i Garcia Xavier
Published: October 2022

Cet article analyse les relations transtextuelles dans la pièce Maremar de Dagoll Dagom. Le spectacle est une adaptation de Périclès, prince de Tyr de Shakespeare qui actualise l’intrigue afin de dénoncer la situation des réfugiés syriens de l’époque. En outre, la compagnie introduit les chansons de Lluís Llach comme une stratégie pour faire appel à la pensée collective du public catalan et de produire un effet d’identification dramatique. À partir du concept de transtextualité, qui considère non seulement la littérature comme un hypertexte, mais aussi d’autres disciplines comme la musique, nous étudions ces différentes sources, ainsi que d’autres complémentaires comme le mythe d’Ulysse, afin d’offrir une interprétation complète de la pièce. En outre, nous avons l’intention de prouver l’efficacité de ces pratiques comme un moyen pour créer un travail engagé politiquement.
El besar en el Llibre de les dones de Francesc Eiximenis i la seua traducció castellana
Authors: Baldacchino Laura , Ortuño Centenero Daniel
Published: October 2022

Depuis une perspective interdisciplinaire, cet article aborde la thématique du baiser dans le Llibre de les dones (1396) de Francesc Eiximenis. L’osmose entre la littérature et la linguistique permet d’allier une étude littéraire du baiser tel qu’il apparaît dans ce traité sur les femmes à une réflexion morphosémantique autour de ce même thème. Outre sa présence comme objet du discours didactico-moral, le baiser ou le fait d’embrasser présente, de fait, une diversité de significations et de particularités en contraste en fonction du contexte.
Le Lullisme français extra-parisien
Authors: Daste Quentin
Published: October 2022

Cet article se donne pour but d’offrir un aperçu général de l’histoire du Lullisme français par le prisme des productions et groupes lullistes extra-parisiens. L’intérêt étant de donner à voir, selon une approche chronologique (et donc diachronique), le rôle que jouèrent les espaces dits « provinciaux » et leurs acteurs dans l’histoire de cette doctrine, la plupart du temps abordée au travers de ses grands représentants parisiens. Cet aperçu décentralisé sera ainsi l’occasion de mettre en avant les acteurs ou épisodes habituellement jugés de second plan et d’émettre à leur sujet quelques hypothèses touchant à la circulation des idées et aux rapports de force entre différents espaces d’un même territoire : celui de la France actuelle.
La culminació del constitucionalisme català: les Corts de 1701 i 1705
Authors: Martí Fraga Eduard
Published: October 2022

L’historiographie catalane a montré ces dernières années l’importance des Corts de 1701-1702 et 1705-1706 dans l’évolution du constitutionnalisme catalan, en particulier dans le contexte européen. L’objectif de ce texte est de synthétiser les principales contributions qui ont été faites et de déterminer si c’était vraiment le point culminant de ce processus. Pour cela, le contexte historique dans lequel ils se sont déroulés et les mesures de contrôle de l'autorité royale, de la Generalitat, du projet économique défendu, de la défense des droits civils de l'individu, ainsi que du rôle de la noblesse ont été analysés.
IoT in E-Health, Assisted Living, and E-Wellness
Authors: Azim Mohammad Abdul , Merry Ethel , Gyalmo Jigmey , Alom Zulfikar
Published: October 2022

Considering the immense assistance of the internet of things (IoT) in several industries, including the healthcare IoT (H-IoT) and internet of medical things (IoMT), it has performed better not only in the hardware but in the underlying software categories as well. While the use of IoT in the paradigm of healthcare is salient, expectations on improvements on the infrastructure are a few of the incidents that ought to be addressed. Appreciating and acknowledging the above, in this chapter, the authors introduced a generic concept of H-IoT, developed an appreciation relating 42 recently published articles from the time period of 2017-2021 (relating COVID-19), critiqued, and also provided the future directions of H-IoT/IoMT in the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic.
Heart Disease Prediction Using ML Algorithm
Authors: Deshmukh Atharva , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Toppo Sangita Krishnaram
Published: October 2022

Many patients don't get proper treatment due to a shortage of doctors. Thus, predicting a disease using the patient's symptoms has become an important task these days. To solve this there must be a predicting system for predicting diseases. In this chapter, a model is proposed for predicting the disease suffered by a person by knowing the symptoms. The model uses the logistic regression algorithm, which assigns observations to a discrete set of classes and provides a good level of accuracy. It collects the data of a person's symptoms and suggests a suitable disease accordingly. To showcase the accuracy of the proposed model, it has been implemented on a heart disease dataset to predict the occurrence of heart disease. The implementation will illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can help in the development of an intelligent healthcare system and reduce the cost of treatment.
AI and Machine Learning
Authors: Verma Manisha
Published: October 2022

In the most recent decade, an enormous number of learning strategies have been presented in the field of the AI. Supervised learning has emerged as a major area of research in machine learning. Large numbers of the supervised learning methods have discovered application in their preparing and investigating assortment of information. One of the principle attributes is that the managed learning has the capacity of commenting on preparing information. The supposed marks are class names in the order cycle. There is an assortment of calculations that are utilized in the managed learning strategies. This chapter sums up the crucial parts of a couple of regulated techniques. The principle objective and commitment of this chapter is to introduce the outline of AI and give AI procedures.
Workplace Automation for Total Security Using Voice Activation and Smart Touch
Authors: Yadav Sachin Kumar , Misra Devendra Kumar
Published: October 2022

A new era of technology has evolved over the years. Reliability has grown because of its accessibility, speed, and efficiency. This has enabled us to maintain the environment ranging from reducing pollution to low consumption of electricity. Nowadays we are relying so much on digital gadgets that it has started to play an important role in our daily lives, as these digital gadgets can connect with many other devices, making us perform our tasks more easily. With the help of the home automation system, we can not only connect several different devices, but we can also reduce the power consumption. The hallmark of home automation in this proposed work is a remote control, which is done either through a mobile application or a voice assistant. In this system, the mobile application is used for the Android system and for connectivity, Bluetooth has been used as the medium to control the devices. The mobile application allows them to control the devices in real-time. In addition, a capacitive switch that replaces the toggle switch has been used.
Mentoring Bridging the Gap for African American Male Student Success
Authors: Herron Jeffrey D. , Turnley Brandon
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze college readiness for African American males. The study seeks to help nurture discussion to develop strategies that can support African American males entering college. Self-efficacy, resilience, and mentorship are factors that positively influence African American male student success. Mentorship experiences and its effects have long been proven to have a significant impact on the development of students of all ages. The goal is to examine articles and research in relation to college readiness towards African American males as well as to discuss the influences of critical race theory and educational policies to theorize why there is a statistically disproportionate phenomenon.
Cooperative Learning and Accounting Students Transitions Into Higher Education
Authors: Ashraf Abdelbadie Rasha
Published: October 2022

This chapter reports on best practices for face-to-face cooperative learning as part of blended learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores whether cooperative group dynamics, in particular, face-to-face small-team activities, have impacted first-year student experiences. Interviews were conducted with freshers who were enrolled in an accounting degree programme at a United Kingdom university. The findings indicated that in-person classes are integral to the process of blended learning. Overall, freshers have shown that small-team work has fostered their sense of belonging to the university community, enhanced their teamwork skills, made them more responsible for their studies, and strengthened their commitment to attend the classes. By presenting the benefits, challenges, and improvement techniques of small teamwork, the results of this study might be of use to sustain a continued engagement of freshers towards facilitating their school-university transition in blended learning.
How Do Geopolitical Risk and Global Trade Shape Corporate Cash Policy?
Authors: Tekin Hasan , Gürbüz Hidayet Zahid , Kayadibi Saim
Published: October 2022

This chapter investigates the influence of geopolitical risk (GPR) and global trade on cash holdings with the existence of the global financial crisis 2008-2009 (GFC) for 11,960 non-financial firms in 18 markets from 2002 to 2017. Findings show that firms in countries with higher GPR and lower trade volume have higher cash balances confirming the predictions of the precautionary motive of cash. The implications of the findings are manifold. Managers should shape their cash policies considering the uncertainties, GPR, and trade level. Investors should consider countries' financial crises and GPR in specifying where and which firms to invest in. Policymakers can reshape the regulations and policies related to holding cash rather than paying dividends not to hurt firms in times of turbulence like the pandemic. Researchers and practitioners should count the macro-specific factors and market turmoil and their influence on cash holding in risky countries. The implications are particularly relevant to the post-pandemic era when exogenous shocks and uncertainties are further expected.
Comparative evaluation of midline versus parasagittal interlaminar epidural steroid injection for management of symptomatic lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Kumar Amit , Malhotra Naveen , Aditi  , Jyotsna  , Anshul  , Gupta Disha
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) with or without local anaesthetics have been used for the past several years for the treatment of back pain, especially for radicular symptoms. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy of midline with parasagittal approach for interlaminar ESI in the management of symptomatic lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Methods:

Sixty patients (aged 20–60 years) with pain pattern consistent with lumbar radiculopathy caused by lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and who did not respond to conservative treatment were included in the study. They were randomly divided in two groups of 30 each: group I (MILESI, n = 30) consisting of midline interlaminar ESI, and group II (PSILESI, n = 30) consisting of parasagittal interlaminar ESI. They were administered a combination of 80 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg/ml) and 6 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (total volume of 8 ml). Pain, patient satisfaction, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were assessed at different time intervals before and after the procedure for up to six months.

Results:

The improvement in pain score after ESI was statistically significant in both the groups at all intervals of time, with no significant difference between the two groups. The mean pain score was <3 from two weeks onwards after the injection. The pain score decreased by more than five points and it was around two points at the end of the six-month study period. Around 50% of patients in both groups had excellent satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Both techniques were effective in providing good analgesia. Pain relief and improvement in disability were clinically better with the parasagittal interlaminar approach.
A randomized comparative evaluation of C-MAC video-laryngoscope with Miller laryngoscope for neonatal endotracheal intubation
Authors: Goel Sachin , Choudhary Ripon , Magoon Rohan , Sharma Ridhima , Usha G. , Kapoor Poonam M. , Bagga Deepak
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

An efficient neonatal airway management is peculiarly challenging even in the most experienced hands. Considering the recent interest in assessing the performance of various video-laryngoscopes (VL) in pediatric cohort, the prospective randomized study was contemplated to stage a comparative evaluation of C-MAC with Miller laryngoscope for neonatal endotracheal intubation.

Material and Methods:

150 neonates were randomized to undergo intubation with either the C-MAC VL (n = 75) or the Miller laryngoscope (n = 75) performed by an experienced anesthesiologist in a tertiary care perioperative setting. The percentage of glottic opening (POGO), time to best glottic view (TTBGV), time to intubation (TTI), number of attempts, optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM) employed, and the complications were assessed and compared between the two groups.

Results:

C-MAC group demonstrated a significantly higher POGO, compared to the Miller group (88 ± 26.7%;76.8 ± 32.1%, respectively, P = 0.022). TTBGV was significantly lower in the C-MAC (7.7 ± 0.1s) group as opposed to the Miller group (11.3 ± 1.1s). The C-MAC group displayed higher TTI values compared to the Miller group (25.4 ± 1.6s; 19.7 ± 1.2s, respectively, P < 0.01).The first-attempt intubation success rate and the number of attempts were comparable in both the groups. OELM was required in 24% of the patients in the Miller group as opposed to 10.7% in the C-MAC group (P = 0.031).Higher patient percentage in the C-MAC group required the need of stylet for assisting a successful intubation, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Despite an improved view of the glottis, the TTI was higher for C-MAC compared to direct laryngoscopy with a comparable first-attempt success rate in the two techniques.
Comparison of postoperative analgesia with two different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in adductor canal block for unilateral total knee replacement surgery: A randomized double-blinded study
Authors: Karthik Naveen M. , Das S. Gokul , Johney Jasmin , George Mathew , Issac Eldo , Vasudevan Anu
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Multimodal analgesia is used to treat severe postoperative pain (POP) in total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. Adjuvants are used with local anesthetics to improve the quality and duration of pain relief. Studies comparing different doses of dexmedetomidine in adductor canal block (ACB) are sparse to date. This study compares postoperative analgesia with two different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.2% ropivacaine in ACB for unilateral TKR.

Material and Methods:

In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded comparative study, sixty patients were divided into two groups: A and B. Postoperatively perineural catheter was inserted and all patients received 0.2% ropivacaine 20 mL bolus followed by an infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/Kg in Group A and 1 µg/Kg in Group B) at 8 mL/h. Postoperative pain, motor blockade, rescue analgesia, hemodynamic parameters, sedation, and adverse effects were recorded. Student t, Chi-square, and Mann–Whitney tests were used.

Results:

Most patients were elderly females (M:15, F:45). Postoperatively, from 2nd to 24th hour, pain score was less in Group B (P < 0.05). The requirement of rescue analgesic was also less in Group B (A:B 330 µg:60 µg; 23%:6%). Motor blockade assessed using modified Bromage scale and sedation using Richmond agitation sedation scale did not show any statistical difference.

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine infusion at 1 µg/Kg is a better adjuvant to 0.2% ropivacaine than 0.5 µg/Kg in ACB. It provides better analgesia without producing sedation, motor blockade, hemodynamic changes, or any adverse effects.
Use of the McGRATH™ MAC videolaryngoscope to evaluate the ability of anesthetists to give effective cricoid pressure: An interventional study
Authors: Kumar Pooja Prakash , Ambulkar Reshma P. , Ranganathan Priya , Patil Sanika
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

The application of cricoid pressure (CP) for rapid sequence induction is questioned on two grounds: its effectiveness in clinical settings and its impact on the laryngeal view. The main reason cited for its ineffectiveness is the lack of knowledge and training in its correct application. This study assessed, the performance of anesthetists in applying effective CP in a clinical setting.

Material and Methods:

Eighty-five ASA I/II adult patients posted for elective surgery requiring oral endotracheal intubation with nasogastric tube (NGT) placement participated in the study. Eighty-five anesthetists divided into five groups based on their level of experience were randomly chosen to apply CP after induction of anesthesia. An experienced anesthetist performed videolaryngoscopy and attempted NGT insertion. The primary outcome was effectiveness of CP defined as the inability to pass the NGT into the esophageal opening. We also noted that the glottic view with and without CP and the effectiveness of CP across different levels of experience of anesthetists.

Results:

Of the 85 anesthetists, 61 (71.8%) applied effective CP. The effectiveness improved with experience (first-year residents-11/17 [64.7%], second-year residents-11/17 [64.7%], third-year residents-10/17 [58.8%], senior residents-13/17 [76.5%], and consultants-16/17 [94.1%]) (P = 0.157). Post hoc analysis showed higher effectiveness among anesthetists with >3 years of experience (85.3%) compared with <3 years of experience (62.7%) (P = 0.024). CP did not always impede the laryngeal view, rather it has no effect or actually improves the glottic view in many instances (81%).

Conclusion:

CP is effective in occluding the esophageal lumen without hampering glottic view in the majority of the cases, and its effectiveness improves with experience.
Aerobic and anerobic contamination of mobile phones of health personnels with probable transfer of bacterial microbes to their hands at a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Punj Jyotsna , Chaudhry Rama , Sagar Tanu , Chandran Dinu
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Mobile phone (MP) contamination of health personnels (HPs) in hospitals is a potential health hazard to the patients and the HP themselves. However, transfer of microbes from MPs of HP to their hands has not been demonstrated before, which would make potential threat into an actual peril. The primary objective was to determine aerobic and anerobic bacterial contamination of MP and hands of HP. The secondary objective was to determine probable transfer of bacterial microbes from MP to hands of tested HP.

Material and Methods:

Three swabs each were taken from 374 HP first from their MP, second from their dominant hand and third from their dominant hand after cleaning with disinfectant followed by a mock phone call of one minute (DHM). Aerobic and anerobic bacterial microbes were identified with standard methods.

Results:

Three hundred twenty-two HPs were recruited. Bacterial contamination was seen in 92% MP, 85% dominant hands, and 68% DHM of tested HP. Of these, contamination with potentially pathogenic bacterias (PPB) was 50% in MP, 25.6% in hands, and 31% in DHM. Anerobic contamination (1.6%) was present on MP but not in hands or DHM. In 54.7% HP, there was presence of similar bacterial microbes in MP and DHM of which 30% were PPB. When disinfectant was used in non-protocolized way in DHM, decrease in aerobic spore forming bacteria (ASB) was seen but not of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial microbes.

Conclusion:

There is significant aerobic bacterial contamination, including PPB, seen in MP, hands, and DHM of HP in a tertiary care hospital of India; however, anerobic bacterias are found only in MP. Similar bacterial microbes in MP and DHM point to probable transfer of aerobic bacterias from MP to hands of HP which does not decrease when hand disinfectants are used in non-protocolized way, which is a point of concern.
Haemodynamic predisposition to acute kidney injury: Shadow and light!
Authors: Makhija Neeti , Magoon Rohan , Das Devishree , Saxena Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) could well be regarded as a sentinel complication given it is relatively common and associated with a substantial risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. On the aegis of ‘prevention is better than cure’, there has been a wide interest in evaluating haemodynamic predisposition to AKI so as to provide a favourable renoprotective haemodynamic milieu to the subset of patients presenting a significant risk of developing AKI. In this context, the last decade has witnessed a series of evaluation of the hypotension value and duration cut-offs associated with risk of AKI across diverse non-operative and operative settings. Nevertheless, a holistic comprehension of the haemodynamic predisposition to AKI has been a laggard with only few reports highlighting the potential of elevated central venous pressure, intra-abdominal hypertension and high mean airway pressures in considerably attenuating the effective renal perfusion, particularly in scenarios where kidneys are highly sensitive to any untoward elevation in the afterload. Despite the inherent autoregulatory mechanisms, the effective renal perfusion pressure (RPP) can be modulated by a number of haemodynamic factors in addition to mean arterial pressure (MAP) as the escalation of renal interstitial pressure, in particular hampers kidney perfusion which in itself is a dynamic interplay of a number of innate pressures. The present article aims to review the subject of haemodynamic predisposition to AKI centralising the focus on effective RPP (over and above the conventional ‘tunnel-vision’ for MAP) and discuss the relevant literature accumulating in this area of ever-growing clinical interest
Development and validation of Daycare Anesthesia Satisfaction (DAS) questionnaire to assess patient’s satisfaction with daycare anesthesia
Authors: Joselyn Anita Shirley , Suhag Kanika , Joy Melvin , Jeyaseelan L
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

The patient’s satisfaction can be considered as a unique indicator of the quality of healthcare provided. The advantages of patient satisfaction surveys rely heavily on using standardized, psychometrically tested data collection approaches. There is a lack of a proper, psychometrically robust instrument to evaluate the patient’s perioperative satisfaction following all types of anesthesia in daycare facility. Hence, this study aimed to develop a Daycare Anesthesia Satisfaction (DAS) questionnaire to measure the patient’s satisfaction with the experience of daycare anesthesia services.

Material and Methods

A preliminary pool of questions was generated from research literature, expert consultations, and pilot tested on patients. The internal consistency and reliability of the preliminary questionnaire was evaluated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and feasibility with the formation of a final 27-item questionnaire. In the next step, the questionnaire was distributed to a larger group of patients in the phase 2 of postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The results were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine the goodness of fit of the questions under each domain.

Results

The internal consistency of the preliminary questionnaire as measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.929. Intraclass correlation coefficient measured for test-retest reliability was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]). Feasibility was confirmed, as 75% of the patients could fill the questionnaire within 15 min. In the second step of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), questionnaire has been shown to have goodness of fit with Bentler’s comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.99 that is greater than the suggested cutoff of 0.90. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.09 is also close to the suggested cutoff of 0.06.

Conclusion

This systematically developed and validated, 27-item DAS questionnaire can be tentatively recommended to be used to measure patient’s satisfaction with day care anesthesia services following all types of surgical procedures, under various types of anesthesia.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PASTAS DE CIMENTO PORTLAND FORMULADAS COM CP II F E CINZA DE CARVÃO MINERAL VISANDO A CIMENTAÇÃO DE POÇOS DE PETRÓLEO
Authors: Cirino Miguel Adriano Gonçalves , Cabral Antonio Eduardo Bezerra
Published: October 2022

Portland cement slurries formulated with cements commonly used in civil construction don’t fully meet the normative requirements of the API (American Petroleum Institute), especially about the mechanical properties, due to the composition characteristics and properties required for oil wells cementing. Due to these characteristics, in Brazil, specific Portland cements are used for oil wells, such as CPP Class G and CPP Especial Class. The research sought to evaluate a reliable alternative of cement slurries formulated with CPII F cement, with great availability in the market, with partial substitution of the cement by coal burning ashes to 5% and 10%, chosed for modifying the microstructure and the resistance of the slurries. The ash comes from the Pecém-CE thermoelectric plants, which represents an environmental liability due to the provision in patios of accumulation of this industrial waste. Initially, the chemical and microstructural cement and the ashes were characterized as the pozzolanic activity. Subsequently, the technological tests required by NBR 9831/2006 and API ASPEC / 2010 were carried out for the cementation of oil wells. It is concluded that the formulated slurries presented the possibility of cementing applications of shallow wells.
Decarbonising Hong Kong’s Roads: Pathways Towards a Net-Zero Road Transport System
Authors: Xue Lulu , Song Su , Xi Wenyi , Jiang Xiaoqian , Iu Lawrence , Sawhney Simran
Published: October 2022

This report proposes a roadmap for zero emissions for Hong Kong's road transport sector, focusing on the bus, private car and freight vehicle segments.
Climate Change Impacts to Coastal Communities in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Osman Nurrul Fazlina , Saleh Ejria Binti , Ismail Nurulain Binti , Sentian Justin , Sidek Madihah Jafar
Published: October 2022

Climate change is the among major threats to marine ecosystems, representing both a challenge and an opportunity for researchers and the government. Impacts are not experienced uniformly, and the existing unbalanced ecosystems will be further exacerbated without urgent action to mitigate climate change and enhance community resilience. The objective of this study is to draw insights on the impact of climate change based on the coastal community input and environment change at Kimihang, Kelambu Beach and Bavang Jamal, Kudat, Sabah. Interviews and fieldwork were carried out in March and August 2020. The unstructured questionnaire was applied to 15 respondents to know in-depth experiences on the impacts of climate change. The data were presented as timeline narration before and after the year 2000. Results show that the respondents addressed climate change through the reduction of natural resources yields, and change of surrounding environment, career paths of the young generation, and the existence of structural management. The coastal communities were found to have lacked the know-how and awareness to manage and maximized the use of their coastal resources sustainably. This is to suggest that constructing the best adaptation strategies requires attention in this region.