bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Kolostrum Pertama pada Bayi Baru Lahir dan Faktor Terkait
Authors: Nurita Suci Rahmani
Published: October 2019

Penurunan penggunaan ASI merupakan penyebab 98 & kematian neonatal di dunia. Salah satu faktor berpengaruh terhadap penurunan adalah manajemen laktasi yang tidak optimal yang erat kaitannya dengan praktek pemberian ASI secara dini berupa kolostrum. Keterlambatan pemberian kolostrum di awal kelahiran memberikan dampak terhadap keberhasilan menyusui secara eksklusif. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, bertujuan untuk mengetahui probabilitas pemberian kolostrum awal dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 61 ibu postpartum dan bayi baru lahir di 2 Rumah sakit (RS TK III Reksodiwiryo dan RSUD DR. Rasyidin) dan 4 Bidan Praktik Mandiri (BPM) di wilayah Puskesmas Andalas, Ambacang dan Belimbing Kota Padang. Sampel diperoleh secara consecutive sampling. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok pervaginam lebih dari separuh responden (42,9%) mulai memberikan kolostrum < 1 jam setelah kelahiran sedangkan pada kelompok perabdominal sebagian besar responden (80,8%) mulai memberikan kolostrum 7-23 jam setelah kelahiran. Faktor yang tidak berhubungan terhadap waktu pemberian kolostrum pertama kali pada bayi baru lahir adalah pendidikan ibu (p=0,654), pekerjaan (p=1,000), paritas (p=0,113) dan jenis kelamin bayi (p=0,781). Faktor yang berhubungan terhadap waktu pemberian kolostrum pertama kali pada bayi baru lahir adalah cara lahir (p= 0,000) dan berat badan lahir bayi (p=0,004). Dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa probabilitas waktu pemberian kolostrum pertama kali oleh ibu postpartum lebih lambat dari yang dicanangkan oleh kementerian kesehatan (30 menit sd 1 jam setelah kelahiran) dipengaruhi cara lahir dan berat badan lahir. Peran tenaga kesehatan penting memastikan ibu melakukan IMD.
Stuck in the Logic of Oslo: Europe and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Del Sarto Raffaella A.
Published: October 2019

This article addresses the crucial question of why European policies in the IsraeliPalestinian arena have remained contradictory and partly counterproductive. It suggests that European policies are stuck in the (no longer pertinent) logic of the Oslo process to achieve a two-state solution.
The reasons for this stasis include the peculiarities of the European Union's decision-making process, lack of consensus within the international community on any alternative framework, and Europe's prioritization of stability in its "neighborhood."
On a conceptual connection between the principles of relativity and uncertainty
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Carlos
Published: October 2019

The principles of relativity and uncertainty represent two of the deepest and most encompassing propositions of the physical sciences. Indeed, much of our present knowledge of nature can be recapitulated in these important statements about the processes of motion and measurement. However,
a question remains as to the precise logical connection between both principles. Here, we show a plausible and simple conceptual analysis linking the principles of relativity and uncertainty as logical requirements of the idea of physical measurement. The main conclusion points to the logical
complementarity of both principles in order to justify the possibility of physical measurements, in which the uncertainty principle guarantees the applicability of the principle of relativity in all physically conceivable systems of reference.
Signatures of the differential Klein‐Nishina electronic cross section in Compton's quantum theory of scattering of radiation
Authors: Venugopal Vinay , Bhagdikar Piyush S.
Published: October 2019

Here, we consider the problem of separating the relative contributions of kinematics and dynamics to the differential Klein‐Nishina electronic cross section using graphical and numerical analysis. We show that the values of the energy of scattered photons, and hence the kinetic
energy of recoiled electrons calculated from Compton's quantum theory of scattering of radiation, show a degree of matching that increases with the increase in incident photon energy as quantified by chi-square goodness of fit test, with the calculated differential Klein‐Nishina electronic
cross section per electron per unit solid angle for the scattering of an unpolarized photon by a stationary free electron, when appropriate normalization procedures are invoked. There is a high degree of matching in a regime where the total electronic Klein‐Nishina cross section for
the Compton scattering on a free stationary electron scales as the inverse of the incident photon energy and the contribution of the electro-magnetic interaction to differential electronic cross section diminishes. Hence the third level explanation of Compton effect by quantum electrodynamics
has a degree of matching with the first level of Compton's quantum theory. The degree of mismatch is an indicator of the relative contribution of dynamics to differential Klein‐Nishina electronic cross section compared to kinematics. For incident photon energies less than 1 MeV,
we obtain the values of the scattering angles at which calculated differential cross section is nonzero but is kinematically limited which may lead to broadening of Compton profile. At the scattering angle where the differential cross section value is minimum for a given incident photon energy,
we obtain the relative contribution of dynamics to the differential cross section compared to kinematics. Therefore, these predictions which need to be confirmed experimentally have significance to the understanding of the mechanisms of photon‐electron interactions in the Compton scattering.
Exploration of the unification of fields
Authors: Guangzhou Ge
Published: October 2019

This article may be deemed as an exploration on the unification of fields as well as a discussion of the completeness in physics. This author tended to support the viewpoint of Einstein and believed that the Uncertainty Principle should be in itself incomplete, and that the representation
of the state function ψ should not be complete in quantum mechanics. Following a series of discussions, including the hypothesis of a new quantum, the relativity of electromagnetic field, and the general equivalence principle, this author proposes here a new field equation called Hamilton’s
tensor equation (HTE). Acting as the complete presentation of Einstein’s field equation and as an extension of Hamilton’s principle, what this new field equation (HTE) has revealed is that the “virtuality” of space‐time, rather than its curvature, is what determines
the distribution and movement of matter and energy. Based on this new field equation (HTE), the author has extended the study to include the unification of fields, a model of new particle, and the phenomenon of black hole.
Tropospheric NO2 Monitoring Using the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in Urban Area
Authors: de Oliveira Marilia Mitidieri Fernandes , Ebecken Nelson Francisco Favilla , de Oliveira Jorge Luiz Fernandes , de Castro Jr José Maria
Published: October 2019

Spectroscopic methods have played an important role in the study of chemical and physical processes related to the composition of the atmosphere and the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been one of the most powerful methods to measure a wide range of trace gases. The pollutants are identified by their respective ranges of wavelengths that must be previously known. A Passive Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system that uses the ultraviolet region from 400 to 480 nm of the solar radiation is presented. In this research diurnal variation of NO2 was remotely measured by means of MAX-DOAS system which uses multiple viewing angles to monitor pollutant concentrations in urban area at the city of Rio de Janeiro. The instrument was placed on the roof of a building oriented to the center of the city. Tropospheric NO2 amounts are retrieved from the measured spectra using the DOAS technique. In this paper we give a general description of the procedure and present the results from measurements during four days in winter 2017 associated with the prevailing meteorological aspects. These days were characterized by mostly sunny and dry conditions, no convection, periods of medium clouds and clear sky. The tropospheric NO2 slant column densities values are presented and the results are consistent for all three used elevation angles (5º, 10º, and 15º). The results demonstrate the capability and the potential of the MAX-DOAS technique to derive information on spatial distribution of NO2 in an urban environment.
A compensação financeira e o desenvolvimento de municípios impactados por hidrelétricas: os indicadores sociais de Paranã e São Salvador do Tocantins
Authors: Maldaner Kiara Lubick Silva , Akama Alberto
Published: October 2019

A matriz energética do Brasil conta com participação expressiva das usinas hidrelétricas, responsáveis por mais da metade a energia elétrica gerada no país. Estes empreendimentos são exaltados pela política nacional do setor por assegurarem menor custo de produção e impacto ambiental se comparados a outras fontes de geração elétrica, além de contribuírem para o desenvolvimento regional e local. Entre as vantagens proporcionadas pela instalação de uma hidrelétrica, os estudos técnicos enfatizam ganhos permanentes a estados e municípios sedes por meio da CFURH - Compensação Financeira pelo Uso de Recursos Hídricos, cujos recursos devem favorecer a melhoria da infraestrutura, dos serviços públicos e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida das comunidades. No entanto, a inexistência de uma legislação que vincule a compensação financeira à receita municipal e que oriente a sua aplicação abre margem para o uso do dinheiro em outros fins que não sejam em prol de melhorias para a sociedade. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de apontar o total de recursos provenientes de CFURH destinados, entre 2006 até 2016, aos municípios de Paranã e São Salvador do Tocantins, no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil, impactados por empreendimentos hidrelétricos, correlacionando os valores recebidos com o desenvolvimento social destas localidades. Os resultados evidenciam que, apesar do incremento da CFURH, os dois municípios exibem indicadores sociais insatisfatórios, com deficiências de infraestrutura, na oferta de equipamentos públicos, nas condições de moradia e na assistência à saúde, bem como limitada oferta de oportunidades de evolução educacional e profissional de suas populações.
Agronomic Performance of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. Clone IRCA 331 Grown in Southwestern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Elabo A. E. A. , Atsin G. J. O. , Soumahin E. F. , Okoma K. M. , Gnagne Y. M. , Démange A. C. , Obouayeba S.
Published: October 2019

In order to test the agronomic performance of the newly developed clones, a Large-Scale Clone Trial (LSCT) comprising Hevea brasiliensis clones GT 1, IRCA 202, IRCA 331, IRCA 707, PB 280 and PB 310 was established in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. They were planted in completely randomized blocks with six clone treatments and four replications of 112 trees per clone. The measured parameters included isodiametric growth of the trunk, rubber yield, trees stand, latex physiological parameters and sensitivity to tapping panel dryness (TPD). Collected data was analyzed using Statistica 7.0 statistical software. After ten years of downward tapping and four years of upward tapping, clone IRCA 331 showed significantly higher rubber productivity than all other clones. Its productivity gain, relative to the reference control GT 1, was 63% in downward tapping and 80% in upward tapping. Despite its high level of productivity, the annual rate of isodiametric growth of clone IRCA 331 tree trunks (2.56 cm/year) remained statistically equivalent to that of clone GT 1 (2.62 cm/year) at latex harvesting stage. In addition, the physiological profile of clone IRCA 331 was good and similar to that of the control. Clones IRCA 331, GT1 and PB 280 got the lowest sensitivity to TPD. However, only clones GT1 and IRCA 331 maintained a good stand of tappable trees throughout the experimental period. This experiment highlighted the agronomic performance of the clone IRCA331 and allowed to put it in class 1. Clone IRCA 331 can therefore be used as a clone of first choice to improve national productivity.
Emergence and Initial Development of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) BRS Alegria at Different Depths of Seeding and Water Availability
Authors: Silva Ana Lucia da , Bianchini Aloísio , Santos Matheus Azevedo dos , Costa Patrícia Monique Crivelari da , Pereira Pedro Silvério Xavier
Published: October 2019

The depth of seeding and the availability of water influence the seed germination process. Amaranth has small seeds from 1.0 to 1.5 mm and limited nutrient reserves and, after emergence, slow growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence and formation of amaranth seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a vegetation house at the Federal University of Mato Grosso - Brazil, between October and November 2018. The factor "A" refers to two seeding depths (10 and 20 mm) and the factor "B" to four of water availability (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of retention capacity). The emergency, first count and emergency speed index were evaluated. Height, diameter, root length, number of leaves, mass of fresh and dry matter were also evaluated. The emergence of the seedlings, independently of the seeding depth, was greater in water availability of 100 and 80%. There was interaction of factors for the first count and emergency velocity index. The first emergency count was higher in water availability of 100%. At a seeding depth of 10 mm, the first count of emerging seedlings was similar in water availability of 100, 80 and 40%. While, at a depth of 20 mm, the first count was higher at water availability of 60%. The emergency speed index was higher for 100% water availability at 10 mm seeding depth, while at 20 mm depth the water availability had no effect on the emergency speed index. The water availability of 60 and 40% of the retention capacity reduces the height of the plant, the diameter of the stem, the length of the root, the number of leaves, the mass of fresh and dry matter. Increased seeding depth reduces height, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry amaranth matter.
Innovative Pedagogical System of Institution of General Secondary Education as a Condition of Formation of Social Activity of Pupils
Authors: Kyrylyuk Svitlana
Published: October 2019

The article describes the meaning of the concept of "pedagogical system". The author describes the features, patterns and structure of the pedagogical system. The peculiarities of multicomponent innovative pedagogical system aimed at forming social activity of students in general secondary education institutions are revealed. In particular, the functional and structural components of the innovative pedagogical system for the formation of students' social activity, their interconnections, and peculiarities of functioning are considered. It is noted that the structural components include the activities of teachers, students, administration and self-government bodies, as well as the goals and content of education, ways of communication, scientific and educational information, educational information space. Functional components include design, prognostic, anticipative, managerial, correction and evaluation, organizational, technological, constructive, communicative and social. The article also presents the formula of innovative pedagogical system. The article describes the features of managerial activity in the conditions of innovative pedagogical system, the necessity of correction and evaluation component is substantiated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the structural and functional components of the pedagogical system are characterized by mutual conditionality, paired bonds, which do not allow the system to collapse. Attention is drawn to the fact that the innovative pedagogical system of formation of social activity of students is a set of connected micro spaces, microenvironments that form a hierarchical system of educational institution aimed at achieving maximum educational effect and formation of social activity of students. The article draws attention to the fact that in the innovative pedagogical system the activity of all components, except general education, is aimed at forming the social activity of students, it is holistic and has integral properties.
The Antiangiogenic Effects of Tamoxifen might be Attributed to Receptor Binding Capacity of its Solvent Dimethylsulfoxide in Breast Cancer: A Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Koçak Orhan , Taşkın Nazlı Deniz , Şimşek Ece
Published: October 2019

Aim: Tamoxifen, a Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-soluble chemotherapeutic, is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has an anti-angiogenic effect especially on breast tumor cells by blocking VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) production. On the other hand, according to our previously studies, we demonstrated that DMSO could mimics the cytotoxic effects of Thalidomide in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells and is related with the anti-angiogenic response of HeLa cells. At this point of view, the aim of this study was to determine the possible binding effects of DMSO on certain cell surface receptors.

Methods: The in silico studies were implemented using the Docking Server. X-ray structures of receptor proteins’ PDB files were obtained from Protein Data Bank [Human Progesteron Receptor (PDB ID: 1A28, Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 (PDB ID: 1EXT), Human Interferon Gamma Receptor-1 (PDB ID: 1FG9), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (PDB ID: 1IVO)]. Docking simulations were performed using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm (LGA) and the Solis & Wets local search method.

Results: According to the molecular docking results of this study, DMSO, the general solvent of Tamoxifen, has a 90% binding capacity to the Interferon Gamma (IFNɣ) receptor and 100% to Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNFα) receptor, respectively.

Conclusion: These receptors have significant effects on the proliferation and angiogenesis of cancer cells which leads to the metastasis of breast cancer. In conclusion, the antiangiogenic effects of Tamoxifen might be reduced due to its solvent DMSO's angiogenic effects.
Atomic Fluorescence in Environmental Analysis
Authors: Cai Yong , Liu Guangliang
Published: October 2019

Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) is a highly sensitive, highly selective technique for analysis of some elements, and it has found extensive applications in environmental analysis. This article presents an overview of the theoretical principles and instrumentation design of atomic fluorescence, followed by demonstrations of AFS, stand alone or coupled with other instruments, application in environmental analysis. For analysis of mercury, for which cold vapor generation can be simply and efficiently used as atomization method, and hydride‐forming elements (e.g. arsenic and selenium), for which gaseous hydrides can be easily produced and volatilized, facilitating the separation and enrichment of the analytes, AFS is a particularly useful technique, including speciation analysis of these elements by coupling AFS detection to chromatography separation.
Validating Fitbit for Evaluation of Physical Activity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Do Thresholds Matter?
Authors: Silva Genevieve S. , Yang Heidi , Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena
Published: October 2019

Objective

We sought to evaluate the performance of Fitbit in estimating ActiGraph‐derived moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the knee osteoarthritis (OA) population.

Methods

We used data from two weeks of Fitbit and ActiGraph wear among knee OA subjects. In primary analyses, we used literature‐based ActiGraph thresholds of 200 and 1924 counts/min (triaxial vector magnitude) for sedentary and MVPA time as the gold standard to which we compared three sets of Fitbit thresholds informed by literature and data (Youden index). We also considered personalized, stride length–based Fitbit thresholds. In sensitivity analyses, we used uniaxial, vertical axis–based as well as personalized, BMI‐based ActiGraph thresholds. We calculated agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of Fitbit in classifying sedentary and MVPA time.

Results

In the primary analysis (vector magnitude thresholds), maximum agreement for sedentary and MVPA time was 67.0% from the Youden index–based and 91.1% from the stride length–based Fitbit thresholds. For sedentary time, the 20 strides/min threshold had the highest sensitivity (97.6%), and Youden‐derived 1 stride/min had the highest specificity (51.6%). For MVPA, Youden‐derived 14 strides/min yielded 72.8% sensitivity, and using stride length yielded 98.6% specificity. MVPA time ranged from 49‐323 min/d, depending on threshold used, with literature‐based and personalized thresholds leading to more conservative estimates of MVPA than Youden‐derived thresholds.

Conclusion

Using Fitbit for MVPA and sedentary time assessment may lead to inaccurate estimates of both. Fitbit MVPA estimates were generally more conservative than ActiGraph estimates. Incorporating individuals’ characteristics did not meaningfully improve Fitbit performance. Caution should be exercised when measuring activity using Fitbit.
Rate of CO2 absorption of a phase‐separation absorbent
Authors: Esaki Takehiro , Machida Hiroshi , Norinaga Koyo
Published: October 2019

In this study, we evaluated the CO2 absorption characteristics of a phase‐separation amine absorbent. The phase‐separation absorbent consists of a 30:60:10 (by weight percent) mixture of 2‐(ethylamino)ethanol, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and water. The CO2 absorption rate of the phase‐separation absorbent was measured in a lab‐scale counter flow absorber. In addition, the CO2 transport phenomena in the absorber were analyzed by performing model fitting. The experimental results revealed that the CO2 absorption rates are different before and after phase separation. In fact, the overall CO2 absorption capacity coefficient after phase separation is 4.5 times higher than that obtained before phase separation. By changing the gas‐liquid ratio, we obtained a CO2 recovery ratio of over 80% using the model. Thus, the absorption temperature, CO2 loading, and gas‐liquid ratio can be tuned to obtain the desired CO2 recovery ratio.
Selenium‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer for High‐Performance p‐Type Organic Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Ding Jiamin , Liu Zitong , Zhao Wenrui , Jin Wenlong , Xiang Lanyi , Wang Zhijie , Zeng Yan , Zou Ye , Zhang Fengjiao , Yi Yuanping , Diao Ying , McNeill Christopher R. , Di Chong‐an , Zhang Deqing , Zhu Daoben
Published: October 2019

Development of high‐performance organic thermoelectric (TE) materials is of vital importance for flexible power generation and solid‐cooling applications. Demonstrated here is the significant enhancement in TE performance of selenium‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives. Along with strong intermolecular interactions and high Hall mobilities of 1.0–2.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in doping‐states for polymers, PDPPSe‐12 exhibits a maximum power factor and ZT of up to 364 μW m−1 K−2 and 0.25, respectively. The performance is more than twice that of the sulfur‐based DPP derivative and represents the highest value for p‐type organic thermoelectric materials based on high‐mobility polymers. These results reveal that selenium substitution can serve as a powerful strategy towards rationally designed thermoelectric polymers with state‐of‐the‐art performances.
Novel approach of making porous polyurethane membrane and its properties for apparel application
Authors: Jahid Md Anwar , Hu Jinlian , Thakur Suman
Published: October 2019

Porous polyurethane (PPU) membranes have particular significance for various uses, for example, laminated textiles, cell seeding, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and so forth. In this research, the synthesis of segmented PUs was conducted using a two‐step polymerization method and additional highly PPU membranes were produced by the leaching technique, using highly water‐soluble silica particles. A crucial discovery during this work was reducing the particle leaching time. To make a porous structure, the particles were leached out from the PU matrix over 5 min through sonication. An investigation was conducted into the surface morphology of the PPU membrane using a scanning electron microscopy. The microporous average diameter was approximately 2 μm. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, water vapor transmitting, and water droplet resisting ability were the tests conducted to explore the properties of the porous membrane. The effects of different silica particle percentage ratios were investigated. Additionally, a highly porous membrane was laminated with fabric to obtain a water drop resistant, water vapor transmittable, and mechanically strong textile. Such a highly porous promising PU membrane may have a use in tissue engineering and laminated textiles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48566.
Mendelian randomization study of telomere length and lung cancer risk in East Asian population
Authors: Cao Xuguang , Huang Mingtao , Zhu Meng , Fang Rui , Ma Zijian , Jiang Tao , Dai Juncheng , Ma Hongxia , Jin Guangfu , Shen Hongbing , Du Jiangbo , Xu Lin , Hu Zhibin
Published: October 2019

Associations between telomere length and cancer risk have been investigated in many epidemiological studies, but the results are controversial. These associations may be biased by reverse causation or confounded by environmental exposures. To avoid potential biases, we used Mendelian randomization method to evaluate whether TL is the causal risk factor for lung cancer. We conducted Mendelian randomization analysis in two published East Asian GWAS studies (7127 cases and 6818 controls). We used both weighted genetic risk score and inverse‐variance weighting method to estimate the relationship between TL and lung cancer risk. Nonlinear test also used to detect potential association trends. We observed that increased weight GRS was associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.81‐2.78, P = 1.18 × 10−13). In different subtypes, weight GRS was significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.11‐3.42, P = 7.20 × 10−16); while lung squamous cell carcinoma showed a marginal association (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.01‐2.10, P = .047). Nonlinear analysis suggested a log‐linear dose‐response relationship between increased weight GRS and lung cancer risk. Our results indicated that longer TL increases lung cancer risk. Those biological mechanisms changes caused by long TL may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis.
Climate change and invasion may synergistically affect native plant reproduction
Authors: Giejsztowt Justyna , Classen Aimée T. , Deslippe Julie R.
Published: October 2019

Global change drivers can interact in synergistic ways, yet the interactive effect of global change drivers, such as climatic warming and species invasions, on plant pollination are poorly represented in experimental studies. We paired manipulative experiments to probe two mechanistic pathways through which plant invasion and warming may alter phenology and reproduction of native plant species. In the first, we tested how experimental warming (+1.7°C) modulated flowering phenology and how this affected flowering overlap between a native plant (Dracophyllum subulatum) and an invasive plant (Calluna vulgaris L.). In the second experiment, we explored how variation in the ratio of native to invasive flowers, and the overall quantity of resources in a floral patch, affected the reproduction of the native species. We hypothesized that the flowering overlap of native and invasive plants would be altered by warming, given that invading plants typically exhibit greater phenological plasticity than native plants. Further, we hypothesized that pollination of native plant flowers would decrease in floral patches dominated by invasive plant flowers, but that this effect would depend on total floral density in the patch. As predicted, the invasive plant had a stronger phenological response to experimental warming than the native plant, resulting in increased flowering overlap between the native the invasive plants. There was a four‐fold increase in the number of native flowers co‐flowering with high densities of invasive flowers suggesting native plant competition for pollinators with invasive plants under a warmed climate. In the second experiment, we found depressed seed masses of the native species in high density floral patches that were dominated by invasive flowers relative to high density floral patches dominated by native flowers. At low floral densities, seed mass of native plants was unaffected by invasion. Together, these results demonstrate that by increasing their phenological overlap, warming may enhance the magnitude of existing competition for pollination exerted by an invasive plant on a native plant, particularly in plant patches with high floral density. Our results illustrate a novel pathway through which global change drivers can operate synergistically to alter an important ecosystem service: pollination.
Assessment of Vibrational Spectroscopy Performance in Geographical Identification of Virgin Olive Oils: A World Level Study
Authors: Tena Noelia , Aparicio Ramón , Baeten Vincent , García‐González Diego Luis , Fernández‐Pierna Juan Antonio
Published: October 2019

In order to guarantee food integrity, testing methods should also include the tools needed to verify the geographical origin described on the label. In the particular case of virgin olive oil (VOO), regulatory bodies have yet to establish a standard for geographical identification. This manuscript describes a procedure based on Raman spectroscopy to identify the provenance of these oils based on a classification criterion (European vs non‐European VOOs). The sample collection is considered a relevant step in which multiple factors are taken into account (cultivar distribution, complexity of production in each location, new agricultural practices, and new/old cultivars). A total of 78 virgin olive oils collected around the world allow checking the classification accuracy of the model for identifying sample origin. The PLS‐model built around the Raman spectroscopic data is validated with a blind set of samples, and the results are evaluated in terms of false negative and false positive quality parameters. This study provides an analytical application to detect mislabeling and fraudulent practices related to the geographical provenance of virgin olive oils declared on the labels.

Practical Applications: The results of this study provide a robust mathematical model to assess the origin of virgin olive oils (EU vs non‐EU) based on spectroscopic data. Nowadays, the extensive knowledge of olive oil chemical composition has proven that this composition varies according to pedoclimatic conditions, while non‐targeted methods can be proposed in geographical traceability for their ability to analyze the chemical profile of samples. However, it was deemed necessary to conduct a study through a collaborative work initiative. Thus, this study provides a strict evaluation of Raman spectroscopy through a defined strategy for evaluating non‐targeted methods for geographical identification.
The voltage‐gated calcium channel CaV1.2 promotes adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cell survival in the mouse corpus callosum but not motor cortex
Authors: Pitman Kimberley A. , Ricci Raphael , Gasperini Robert , Beasley Shannon , Pavez Macarena , Charlesworth Jac , Foa Lisa , Young Kaylene M.
Published: October 2019

Throughout life, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. OPCs express cell surface receptors and channels that allow them to detect and respond to neuronal activity, including voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC)s. The major L‐type VGCC expressed by developmental OPCs, CaV1.2, regulates their differentiation. However, it is unclear whether CaV1.2 similarly influences OPC behavior in the healthy adult central nervous system (CNS). To examine the role of CaV1.2 in adulthood, we conditionally deleted this channel from OPCs by administering tamoxifen to P60 Cacna1c
fl/fl (control) and Pdgfrα‐CreER:: Cacna1c
fl/fl (CaV1.2‐deleted) mice. Whole cell patch clamp analysis revealed that CaV1.2 deletion reduced L‐type voltage‐gated calcium entry into adult OPCs by ~60%, confirming that it remains the major L‐type VGCC expressed by OPCs in adulthood. The conditional deletion of CaV1.2 from adult OPCs significantly increased their proliferation but did not affect the number of new oligodendrocytes produced or influence the length or number of internodes they elaborated. Unexpectedly, CaV1.2 deletion resulted in the dramatic loss of OPCs from the corpus callosum, such that 7 days after tamoxifen administration CaV1.2‐deleted mice had an OPC density ~42% that of control mice. OPC density recovered within 2 weeks of CaV1.2 deletion, as the lost OPCs were replaced by surviving CaV1.2‐deleted OPCs. As OPC density was not affected in the motor cortex or spinal cord, we conclude that calcium entry through CaV1.2 is a critical survival signal for a subpopulation of callosal OPCs but not for all OPCs in the mature CNS.
Pathology of inflammatory diseases of the nervous system: Human disease versus animal models
Authors: Lassmann Hans
Published: October 2019

Numerous recent studies have been performed to elucidate the function of microglia, macrophages, and astrocytes in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Regarding myeloid cells a core pattern of activation has been identified, starting with the activation of resident homeostatic microglia followed by recruitment of blood borne myeloid cells. An initial state of proinflammatory activation is at later stages followed by a shift toward an‐anti‐inflammatory and repair promoting phenotype. Although this core pattern is similar between experimental models and inflammatory conditions in the human brain, there are important differences. Even in the normal human brain a preactivated microglia phenotype is evident, and there are disease specific and lesion stage specific differences in the contribution between resident and recruited myeloid cells and their lesion state specific activation profiles. Reasons for these findings reside in species related differences and in differential exposure to different environmental cues. Most importantly, however, experimental rodent studies on brain inflammation are mainly focused on autoimmune encephalomyelitis, while there is a very broad spectrum of human inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, triggered and propagated by a variety of different immune mechanisms.
Association of GWAS‐supported noncoding area loci rs404860, rs3117098, and rs7775228 with asthma in Chinese Zhuang population
Authors: Liang Si‐Qiao , Deng Jing‐Min , Wei Xuan , Chen Zhang‐Rong , Yang Mei‐Ling , Qin Hua‐jiao , Zhang Jian‐quan , He Zhi‐yi
Published: October 2019

Background

Asthma is a complicated and polygenic inheritance disease, and its prevalence increases worldwide. Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) identified a significant association of single nucleotide polymorphism with asthma in the Japanese population. This study aimed to examine the association of GWAS‐supported noncoding area loci, namely rs404860, rs3117098, and rs7775228, with asthma in Chinese Zhuang population.

Methods

A case‐control study involving 223 individuals, comprising 123 patients with asthma and 100 healthy controls, was conducted. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/ligase detection reaction assay. The association between gene polymorphisms and asthma risk was calculated by logistic regression analysis using different genetic models through comparisons of alleles (A vs a), homozygote genotypes (AA vs aa), heterozygote genotypes (Aa vs aa), dominant models (AA+Aa vs aa), and recessive models (AA vs. Aa+aa).

Results

The distribution of the genotype frequency of rs3117098 was statistically different between the case and control groups. For rs3117098, significant associations were observed through comparisons of alleles (OR: 1.832, 95% CI: 1.048‐3.204, P = .034) and dominant models (OR: 2.065, 95% CI: 1.001‐4.260, P = .050). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference for loci rs404860 and rs7775228 between patients with asthma and controls.

Conclusion

rs3117098 may be the risk factor for asthma in Chinese Zhuang population.
Extensor hallucis longus tendon and soft‐tissue reconstruction with palmaris longus tendon included in a radial forearm free flap: A case report
Authors: Lucattelli Elena , Bastoni Stefano , Bartoli Maria S. , Menichini Giulio , Innocenti Marco , Daolio Primo A.
Published: October 2019

Reconstruction of foot structures is challenging because of the need to restore both anatomy and function. Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) excision without reconstruction could result in a flexion deformity of the toe at the interphalangeal joint. In this report, we present a case of the use of a palmaris longus tendon included in a fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap to reconstruct EHL tendon and soft tissues of the distal foot dorsum. A 41‐year‐old woman presented with a recurrence of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma on the medial part of the left foot dorsum. The EHL tendon was sacrificed, leaving a soft‐tissue defect of 14 × 5 cm and 14‐cm tendon gap. A 14 × 5 cm radial forearm flap with a 16‐cm section of palmaris longus tendon was harvested from the left forearm. Radial artery and its comitant vein were anastomosed with dorsalis pedis artery and vein. EHL tendon repair was performed from the composite mass to the proximal and distal stumps. No complication in the postoperative period occurred. At latest follow‐up, 12 months postoperatively, the patient showed a normal joint function and was satisfied with the treatment. Palmaris longus tendon included in a radial forearm free flap could be recommended for combined soft tissue and tendon defects, particularly on the foot dorsum.
Fabrication of microfiltration membranes from polyisobutylene/polymethylpentene blends
Authors: Ignatenko Viktoria Y , Anokhina Tatyana S , Ilyin Sergey O , Kostyuk Anna V , Bakhtin Danila S , Antonov Sergey V , Volkov Alexey V
Published: October 2019

An approach for fabrication of microfiltration membranes by solvent extraction of one of the immiscible components from a polymer blend was developed. Poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) (PMP) was the membrane material, and poly(isobutylene) (PIB) was the extractable component. The PIB content varied in the wide range 0–45 wt%, and all blends could be melted and processed at a temperature of 240 °C. A rheological study demonstrated a pronounced non‐Newtonian behavior of PMP/PIB blends and their very low viscosity due to interlayer slip. With a PMP content of 55 and 60 wt%, it was possible to fabricate microfiltration membranes with a water permeability of 31 and 3.7 m3 m−2 h–1 bar–1, respectively. The microfiltration membranes based on both compositions demonstrated good rejection performance at the level of 93%–98% for submicron particles of phthalocyanine dye with a size of 240 nm. These results indicate that the PMP/PIB system can be utilized for fabrication of filtration membranes by means of 3D printing followed by solvent extraction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preconception resveratrol intake against infertility: Friend or foe?
Authors: Ochiai Asako , Kuroda Keiji
Published: October 2019

Background

Resveratrol is an antiaging, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and insulin‐sensitizing natural polyphenolic compound. Growing evidence indicates that resveratrol has potential therapeutic effects in infertile women with diminished ovarian function, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or endometriosis. However, only one clinical trial in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles using resveratrol has ever been reported. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol on pregnancy and on its advantages and disadvantages in pregnancy outcomes during infertility treatment.

Methods

We performed a literature review to describe the known impacts of resveratrol on the ovary and endometrium.

Results

Resveratrol upregulates sirtuin (SIRT)1 expression in ovaries, which is associated with protection against oxidative stress. It leads to the activation of telomerase activity and mitochondrial function, improving ovarian function. In the endometrium, resveratrol downregulates the CRABP2‐RAR pathway leading to suppressing decidual and senescent changes of endometrial cells, which is essential for embryo implantation and placentation. Moreover, resveratrol may also induce deacetylation of important decidual‐related genes.

Conclusions

Resveratrol has potential therapeutic effects for improving ovarian function; however, it also has anti‐deciduogenic actions in uterine endometrium. In addition, its teratogenicity has not yet been ruled out; thus, resveratrol should be avoided during the luteal phase and pregnancy.
A new tusked cistecephalid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the upper Permian upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, Luangwa Basin, Zambia
Authors: Angielczyk Kenneth D. , Benoit Julien , Rubidge Bruce S.
Published: October 2019

Cistecephalids are among the most distinctive Permian dicynodonts because of their highly derived skulls and postcrania, which indicate a fossorial ecology. Four cistecephalid species have been described from India, South Africa, and Tanzania; a fifth putative species has been reported from the Luangwa Basin of Zambia but never formally described. Here we present a detailed description of the Luangwa Basin cistecephalid, which we nameKembawacela kitchingigen. et. sp. nov. The most obvious diagnostic character ofK. kitchingiis the presence of caniniform tusks in most specimens. Other important characters include a pineal foramen located at the posterior end of the skull roof; an interparietal that has a pair of anterior processes that extend onto the dorsal surface of the skull, flanking the pineal foramen (but otherwise is restricted to the occipital surface); an undivided nuchal crest; and a trough on the ventral surface of the mid‐ventral vomerine plate. Phylogenetic analysis reconstructsKembawacelaas a basal cistecephalid and confirms that Cistecephalidae is a well‐supported clade. However, relationships within the clade received low branch support. Increased knowledge of cistecephalid diversity shows that they vary in functionally relevant characters, such as degree of inflation of the bony vestibule and the morphology of the scapula and humerus, indicating the need for a more nuanced approach to the relationship between form, function and ecology in the clade. The highly allopatric distribution of cistecephalid species suggests that they experienced strong interspecific competition for limited resources and had limited dispersal ability, similar to extant subterranean mammals.
Bulk-Boundary Correspondence for Disordered Free-Fermion Topological Phases
Authors: Alldridge Alexander , Max Christopher , Zirnbauer Martin R.
Published: October 2019

Guided by the many-particle quantum theory of interacting systems, we develop a uniform classification scheme for topological phases of disordered gapped free fermions, encompassing all symmetry classes of the Tenfold Way. We apply this scheme to give a mathematically rigorous proof of bulk-boundary correspondence. To that end, we construct real C$$^*$$

∗

-algebras harbouring the bulk and boundary data of disordered free-fermion ground states. These we connect by a natural bulk-to-boundary short exact sequence, realising the bulk system as a quotient of the half-space theory modulo boundary contributions. To every ground state, we attach two classes in different pictures of real operator $$K$$
K
-theory (or $$KR$$

KR

-theory): a bulk class, using Van Daele’s picture, along with a boundary class, using Kasparov’s Fredholm picture. We then show that the connecting map for the bulk-to-boundary sequence maps these $$KR$$

KR

-theory classes to each other. This implies bulk-boundary correspondence, in the presence of disorder, for both the “strong” and the “weak” invariants.
Thermoelectric properties of CeNi2Al3 compound: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Szajek A. , Kowalczyk A.
Published: October 2019

We present thermoelectric properties of the CeNi2Al3 compound in the temperature range from 4 to 300 K. The electrical resistance (ρ) exhibits a metallic-like character reaching approximately 50 μΩ cm at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient (S) is typical for mixed valence compounds having positive values with a broad maximum (~ 46 μV/K) over a wide temperature range from 200 to 300 K. The thermal conductivity (κ) value reaches 15 W/(m K) at T = 300 K. The power factor (PF = S2/ρ) at 150 K is high (~ 70 μW/cm K2), larger than for conventional thermoelectric materials based on Bi2Te3. The dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) has a broad maximum over a wide temperature range, which reaches the value of 0.1 around 220 K. The experimental results are supported by calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) performed on the basis of the full-potential local-orbital minimum-basis scheme (FPLO). The coherent potential approximation (CPA) is used to simulate the chemical disorder. The calculations are focused on the site preference of Ni and Al atoms. Investigations of the energetic stability have shown that in CeNi2Al3 the aluminum atoms prefer the 3g sites and the nickel ones the 2c sites.
Characterisation and laser performance of a Yb:LuAG double-clad planar waveguide grown by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Kurilchik Sergey V. , Prentice Jake J. , Eason Robert W. , Mackenzie Jacob I.
Published: October 2019

We report on the fabrication of a crystalline multi-layer lutetium aluminium garnet planar waveguide, with a ytterbium-doped core, via hetero-epitaxial pulsed laser deposition on an undoped yttrium aluminium garnet substrate. Physical and optical characterization of the device revealed good crystallinity of the grown films and mode propagation investigations confirmed waveguiding properties. The measured fluorescence lifetime and calculated absorption and stimulated emission cross section spectra are found to be comparable with those reported for Yb:LuAG crystals grown by traditional methods. When end-pumped by a diode-laser bar, the crystalline double-clad Yb:LuAG planar waveguide lased using a quasi-monolithic cavity configuration. An output power of > 3 W with a 20% slope efficiency was obtained, limited by a waveguide propagation loss of 1.2 dB cm−1. This first demonstration of a multi-layer LuAG double-clad planar waveguide laser shows great potential for realising compact high-power waveguide lasers and amplifiers.
A study on the effects and visibility of low-order aberrations on laser beams with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Ohland Jonas B. , Eisenbarth Udo , Roth Markus , Bagnoud Vincent
Published: October 2019

Laguerre–Gaussian-like laser beams have been proposed for driving experiments with high-intensity lasers. They carry orbital angular momentum and exhibit a ring-shaped intensity distribution in the far field which make them particularly attractive for various applications. We show experimentally and numerically that this donut-like shape is extremely sensitive to off-axis wavefront deformations. To support our claim, we generate a Laguerre–Gaussian-like laser beam and apply a selection of common low-order wavefront aberrations. We investigate the visibility of those wavefront deformations in the far field. Under use of established tolerance criteria, we determine the thresholds for the applied aberration and compare the findings with simulations for verification.