bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of litter size with the ruminal microbiome structure and metabolomic profile in goats
Authors: Raza Sayed Haidar Abbas , Khan Muhammad , Ni Xiaojun , Zhao Xiaoqi , Yang Hongyuan , Jiang Yanting , Danzeng Baiji , Ouyang Yina , Pant Sameer D. , Zhong Ruimin , Quan Guobo
Published: July 2024

The Yunshang black goat is a renowned mutton specialist breed mainly originating from China that has excellent breeding ability with varying litter sizes. Litter size is an important factor in the economics of goat farming. However, ruminal microbiome structure might be directly or indirectly regulated by pregnancy-associated factors, including litter sizes. Therefore, the current experiment aimed to evaluate the association of different litter sizes (low versus high) with ruminal microbiome structure by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic profiling of Yunshang black does. A total of twenty does of the Yunshang Black breed, approximately aged between 3 and 4 years, were grouped (n = 10 goats/group) into low (D-l) and high (D-h) litter groups according to their litter size (the lower group has ≤ 2 kids/litter and the high group has ≧ 3 kids/litter, respectively). All goats were sacrificed, and collected ruminal fluid samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and LC–MS/MC Analysis for ruminal microbiome and metabolomic profiling respectively. According to PCoA analysis, the ruminal microbiota was not significantly changed by the litter sizes among the groups. The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla, with an abundance of 55.34% and 39.62%, respectively. However, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, Sediminispirochaeta, and Paraprevotella were significantly increased in the D-h group, whereas Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Howardella were found to be significantly decreased in the D-l group. The metabolic profiling analysis revealed that litter size impacts metabolites as 29 and 50 metabolites in positive and negative ionic modes respectively had significant differences in their regulation. From them, 16 and 24 metabolites of the D-h group were significantly down-regulated in the positive ionic mode, while 26 metabolites were up-regulated in the negative ionic mode for the same group. The most vibrant identified metabolites, including methyl linoleate, acetylursolic acid, O-desmethyl venlafaxine glucuronide, melanostatin, and arginyl-hydroxyproline, are involved in multiple biochemical processes relevant to rumen roles. The identified differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 12 different pathways including protein digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and the mTOR signaling pathway. Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis indicated that metabolites and microbial communities were tightly correlated and had significant differences between the D-l and D-h groups. Based on the results, the present study provides novel insights into the regulation mechanisms of the rumen microbiota and metabolomic profiles leading to different fertility in goats, which can give breeders some enlightenments to further improve the fertility of Yunshang Black goats.
Analysis of the performance of the CorneAI for iOS in the classification of corneal diseases and cataracts based on journal photographs
Authors: Taki Yosuke , Ueno Yuta , Oda Masahiro , Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Ibrahim Osama M. A. , Aketa Naohiko , Yamaguchi Takefumi
Published: July 2024

CorneAI for iOS is an artificial intelligence (AI) application to classify the condition of the cornea and cataract into nine categories: normal, infectious keratitis, non-infection keratitis, scar, tumor, deposit, acute primary angle closure, lens opacity, and bullous keratopathy. We evaluated its performance to classify multiple conditions of the cornea and cataract of various races in images published in the Cornea journal. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the top classification with the highest predictive score was 0.75, and the PPV for the top three classifications exceeded 0.80. For individual diseases, the highest PPVs were 0.91, 0.73, 0.42, 0.72, 0.77, and 0.55 for infectious keratitis, normal, non-infection keratitis, scar, tumor, and deposit, respectively. CorneAI for iOS achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5–1.0) for normal, 0.76 (95% CI 0.67–0.85) for infectious keratitis, 0.81 (95% CI 0.64–0.97) for non-infection keratitis, 0.55 (95% CI 0.41–0.69) for scar, 0.62 (95% CI 0.27–0.97) for tumor, and 0.71 (95% CI 0.53–0.89) for deposit. CorneAI performed well in classifying various conditions of the cornea and cataract when used to diagnose journal images, including those with variable imaging conditions, ethnicities, and rare cases.
The sandwich technique used for correction of pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus
Authors: Shang Ziyin , Duan Xianlun , Hong Chun , Si Yuan
Published: July 2024

We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the sandwich technique to treat pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 38 paediatric patients with pectus carinatum combined with Harrison sulcus treated from June 2015 to October 2022. All the patients underwent surgery using the sandwich technique. The surgical conditions and postoperative outcomes of the patients and the satisfaction score of family members were analysed. Overall, the patients had a mean duration of surgery of 179.05 ± 36.01 min, intraoperative blood loss of 10.03 ± 2.77 mL, postoperative hospital stay of 6.89 ± 0.73 days, and postoperative satisfaction score of 89.4 ± 4.6. The incidence of surgical complications was 7.89%. The internal fixation stents were removed in 22 patients, and there was no recurrence during a follow-up 371.4 ± 6.3 days post-stent removal. These results were satisfactory. The use of the sandwich technique to treat this condition does not reduce the volume of the thorax after the procedure and results in an aesthetically pleasing incision, less complications, and fast postoperative recovery. Thus, it is a safe and effective method that is worthy of being promoted for clinical application.
A visual security multi-key selection image encryption algorithm based on a new four-dimensional chaos and compressed sensing
Authors: Zhu Shuqin , Zhu Congxu
Published: July 2024

In this article, a visual security image encryption algorithm based on compressed sensing is proposed. The algorithm consists of two stages: the compression and encryption stage and the embedding stage. The key streams in the compression and encryption stage are generated by a newly constructed four-dimensional discrete chaotic map, while the Gaussian measurement matrix is generated by a Chebyshev map, and both of their generations are related to the feature code of the carrier image, which enhances the security of the ciphertext. In the compression and encryption stage, a scrambling-cyclic shift-diffusion encryption structure is adopted for the compressed image in which the shift number in the cyclic shift stage and the diffusion key streams are dynamically changed according to each pixel value, so the algorithm can resist chosen plaintext attack. In the embedding stage, the carrier image is first subjected to integer wavelet transform to obtain the high-frequency and low-frequency components of the image, and then the intermediate ciphertext information is embedded into its high-frequency components. Finally, the carrier image is subjected to inverse integer wavelet transform to obtain a visually secure ciphertext image. The experimental results and security analysis indicate that the encryption scheme has a large key space, high decryption key sensitivity, similar histogram distribution between the carrier image and the visual security ciphertext image, and good robustness to noise attacks.
SLPI overexpression in hMSCs could be implicated in the HSC gene expression profile in AML
Authors: Azevedo Pedro L. , Maradei Simone , de Sá Bigni Ricardo , Santos Ramires Aragao Jordana , Abdelhay Eliana , Binato Renata
Published: July 2024

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a severe haematological neoplasm that originates from the transformation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, particularly that of mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), plays a crucial role in the maintenance of HSCs. In this context, we explored whether alterations in the secretome of hMSCs derived from AML patients (hMSC-AML) could impact HSC gene expression. Proteomic analysis revealed that the secretome of coculture assays with hMSC-AMLs and HSC from healthy donor is altered, with increased levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a protein associated with important processes for maintenance of the haematopoietic niche that has already been described to be altered in several tumours. Increased SLPI expression was also observed in the BM plasma of AML patients. Transcriptome analysis of HSCs cocultured with hMSC-AML in comparison with HSCs cocultured with hMSC-HD revealed altered expression of SLPI target genes associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Important changes were identified, such as increased expression levels of CCNA2, CCNE2, CCND2, CD133 and CDK1 and decreased levels of CDKN2A and IGFBP3, among others. Overall, these findings suggest that the altered secretome of coculture assays with hMSC-AMLs and HSC from healthy donor, particularly increased SLPI expression, can contribute to gene expression changes in HSCs, potentially influencing important molecular mechanisms related to AML development and progression.
A shape-independent analytical method for gear mesh stiffness with asymmetric spalling defects
Authors: Jin Yi , Zhang Qingyuan , Chen Yunxia , Zu Tianpei
Published: July 2024

Spalling, a common failure mechanism of gear systems, greatly affects the dynamics of gears operation, which is reflected in the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS). Current TVMS models often overestimate the asymmetric spalling phenomenon and may lead to inaccuracy in identifying and predicting the spalling failure. To address this problem, in this paper, a new stiffness, namely torsional stiffness, is introduced to quantify the effect of asymmetric spalling defects, and an equivalent stiffness calculation method for different asymmetric shapes is proposed. Based on this, a shape-independent TVMS model is constructed, which can realize the fast calculation of TVMS for spalling defects with different shapes at arbitrary asymmetric locations. Furthermore, a FEM-based validation method is developed by considering diverse loading states and improving the current result extraction method. Case studies are presented to illustrate the proposed model and to analyze the effects of different types of asymmetric spalling defects on gear dynamics. The FEM validation has shown that the proposed model has a good effectiveness.
Comparison of thermal, rheological properties of Finnish Pinus sp. and Brazilian Eucalyptus sp. black liquors and their impact on recovery units
Authors: Nuncira Jesús , Manoel Getúlio Francisco , Ribas Batalha Larisse Ap. , Gonçalves Lindomar Matias , Mendoza-Martinez Clara , Cardoso Marcelo , Vakkilainen Esa K.
Published: July 2024

Black liquor (BL) is the major bioproduct and biomass fuel in pulp mill processes. However, the high viscosity of BL makes it a challenging material to work with, resulting in issues with evaporators and heat exchangers during its transport and processing. The thermal and rheological properties of BLs from Pinus sp. (PBL) and Eucalyptus sp. (EBL) were studied. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of the characteristic functional groups and the chemical composition in liquors. TGA/DTG curves showed three characteristic degradation stages related to evaporation of water, pyrolysis of organic groups, and condensation of char. Rheologically, liquors are classified as non-Newtonian and with comportment pseudoplastic. Their rheological dynamic shear properties included a linear viscoelastic region up to 1% shear strain, while frequency sweeps showed that storage modulus (Gʹ) > loss modulus (Gʹʹ), thus confirming the solid-like behavior of both BLs. The rheological study demonstrated that increasing the temperature and oscillatory deformations of PBL and EBL decreased their degree of viscoelasticity, which could favor their pumping and handling within the pulp mill, as well as the droplet formation and swelling characteristics in the recovery furnace.
On analysis of topological indices and heat of formation for benzyl sulfamoyl network via curve fitting model
Authors: Yang Hong , Hanif Muhammad Farhan , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Hanif Muhammad Faisal , Maqbool Ayesha , Fiidow Mohamed Abubakar
Published: July 2024

The study explores the intricate relationship between topological indices and the heat of formation in the benzyl sulfamoyl network. Topological indices of benzyl sulfamoyl networks are studied and also emphasize their properties statistically. The benzyl sulfamoyl has unique properties due to its crystalline structure and it is used in the form of artificial substance. We analyze the distributions and correlations of the benzyl sulfamoyl network with others by using statistical methods and also build a computational analysis for topological indices. The findings show a strong association between the variables, indicating that topological indices may be used to accurately predict thermodynamic characteristics and improve the effectiveness of molecular modelling and simulation procedures.
Enhancing residential energy access with optimized stand-alone hybrid solar-diesel-battery systems in Buea, Cameroon
Authors: Amoussou Isaac , Paddy Eriisa Yiga , Agajie Takele Ferede , Ibrahim Fuseini Seidu , Agajie Elsabet Ferede , Nsanyuy Wirnkar Basil , Bajaj Mohit , Mohammadi Shir Ahmad Dost
Published: July 2024

This study examined the optimal size of an autonomous hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential application in Buea, located in the southwest region of Cameroon. Two hybrid systems, PV-Battery and PV-Battery-Diesel, have been evaluated in order to determine which was the better option. The goal of this research was to propose a dependable, low-cost power source as an alternative to the unreliable and highly unstable electricity grid in Buea. The decision criterion for the proposed HRES was the cost of energy (COE), while the system’s dependability constraint was the loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The crayfish optimization algorithm (COA) was used to optimize the component sizes of the proposed HRES, and the results were contrasted to those obtained from the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). The MATLAB software was used to model the components, criteria, and constraints of this single-objective optimization problem. The results obtained after simulation for LPSP of less than 1% showed that the COA algorithm outperformed the other three techniques, regardless of the configuration. Indeed, the COE obtained using the COA algorithm was 0.06%, 0.12%, and 1% lower than the COE provided by the WOA, SCA, and GOA algorithms, respectively, for the PV-Battery configuration. Likewise, for the PV-Battery-Diesel configuration, the COE obtained using the COA algorithm was 0.065%, 0.13%, and 0.39% lower than the COE provided by the WOA, SCA, and GOA algorithms, respectively. A comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained for the two configurations indicated that the PV-Battery-Diesel configuration exhibited a COE that was 4.32% lower in comparison to the PV-Battery configuration. Finally, the impact of the LPSP reduction on the COE was assessed in the PV-Battery-Diesel configuration. The decrease in LPSP resulted in an increase in COE owing to the nominal capacity of the diesel generator.
Evaluating three internal fixation techniques for Pauwels III femoral neck fractures via finite element analysis
Authors: Li Ning , Cheng Kai-Yuan , Fan Jixing , Li Yu , Yang Minghui , Zhu Shiwen , Jiang Xieyuan
Published: July 2024

The selection of implants for fixing unstable femoral neck fractures (FNF) remains contentious. This study employs finite element analysis to examine the biomechanics of treating Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures using cannulated compression screws (3CS), biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF), and the femoral neck system (FNS). A three-dimensional model of the proximal femur was developed using computed tomography scans. Fracture models of the femoral neck were created with 3CS, BDSF, and FNS fixations. Von Mises stress on the proximal femur, fracture ends, internal fixators, and model displacements were assessed and compared across the three fixation methods (3CS, BDSF, and FNS) during the heel strike of normal walking. The maximum Von Mises stress in the proximal fragment was significantly higher with 3CS fixation compared to BDSF and FNS fixations (120.45 MPa vs. 82.44 MPa and 84.54 MPa, respectively). Regarding Von Mises stress distribution at the fracture ends, the highest stress in the 3CS group was 57.32 MPa, while BDSF and FNS groups showed 51.39 MPa and 49.23 MPa, respectively. Concerning implant stress, the FNS model exhibited greater Von Mises stress compared to the 3CS and BDSF models (236.67 MPa vs. 134.86 MPa and 140.69 MPa, respectively). Moreover, BDSF displayed slightly lower total displacement than 3CS fixation (7.19 mm vs. 7.66 mm), but slightly higher displacement than FNS (7.19 mm vs. 7.03 mm). This study concludes that BDSF outperforms 3CS fixation in terms of biomechanical efficacy and demonstrates similar performance to the FNS approach. As a result, BDSF stands as a dependable alternative for treating Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.
Construction of hierarchical NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3 tubular heterostructures for enhanced performance in catalysis and protein adsorption
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Guo Lixian , Pan Jianmin , Xu Jingli , Yin Xue-Bo , Zhang Min
Published: July 2024

Benefiting from the 1D hierarchical porous structure and compositional features, the NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3 composites exhibited excellent performance in protein adsorption and 4-NP reduction.
Octacalcium phosphate with incorporated terephthalate ion derivatives: novel guest molecules and unique fluorescence properties
Authors: Yokoi Taishi , Watanabe Masahiro , Kawashita Masakazu
Published: July 2024

We successfully synthesised octacalcium phosphate with terephthalate ion derivatives and demonstrated that these materials exhibited unique fluorescence.
BSMH: Cross‐dataset object detection based on box‐separated multiple‐head
Authors: Lu Feng , Xu You Chun , Qi Yao , Xie De Sheng , Le Li Yogn
Published: July 2024

Cross‐dataset object detection methods can adapt to the needs of rapid category expansion in object detection tasks. However, these methods are prone to generate dataset‐aware errors with false alarm objects. This study is aimed to address these issues. A box‐separated multiple‐head module and box‐separated loss function based on the YOLOv8 network are devised to achieve cross‐dataset object detection. Additionally, a sameclass‐aware fusion module to avoid gradient conflicts due to cross‐category conflicts is developed. A multiple‐head fusion module is devised to reduce the number of false alarm objects caused by dataset‐aware errors. A global class‐aware sampler is also designed to adapt to the impact of the imbalanced number of categories and training samples across datasets. The effectiveness of the box‐separated multiple‐head module is verified using cross‐datasets built using the COCO, WiderFace, WiderPerson, and OpenImages V4 datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and precision of the proposed method.
Effect of Growing Media Types with the Addition of PGR and Mung Bean Sprouts Extract on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Granola In Vitro Multiplication
Authors: Asharo Rizal Koen , Indrayanti Reni , Nathania Nathania , Setyaningsih Fani , Sholichah Bunga Al-Mar’Atu , Nasikah Arin , Achmad Farhana Faridah , Karina Karina
Published: July 2024

The use of MS media in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Granola tissue culture has implications for high prices. Therefore, the use of foliar fertilizer is used as a comparison due to its low price. To increase the growth of potato plants in addition to synthetic plant growth regulators (PGR), extracts of organic matter can be added, one of which is mung bean sprouts extract (MBSE). This study aims to obtain the optimum type of growing medium, the combination of synthetic PGR and MBSE in potato in vitro multiplication. The research methods are (1) in vitro shoot induction and multiplication of potatoes; and (2) in vitro root induction of potato shoots. The results on the parameter number of shoots were obtained 1.75 ± 0.25 for MS media and 2.36 ± 0.34 for synthetic PGR, the number of nodes on the interaction of MS media and synthetic PGR obtained 9.33 ± 1.14, and the number of leaves obtained 2.16±0.27 on MS media. The percentage of live explants obtained was 75.6% for MS media and 22.2% for Growmore media. The highest number of roots in the parameter is 4.15 and the average root length is 3.41 cm.
Synthesis of Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/Graphite Nanocomposite for Methylene Blue Filtration Membrane
Authors: Utami Yekti Purnama , Taufiq Ahmad , Latifah Eny , Subadra ST. Ulfawanti Intan
Published: July 2024

In general, the increase in textile industry development has a negative impact on water pollution, especially related to textile waste that usually contains toxic dyes such as methylene blue. The filtration membrane was fabricated using the phase inversion method from the Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite nanocomposite incorporated with polyether sulfone (PES) as a membrane. The Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite was synthesized using Indonesian iron sand and coconut shells. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the nanocomposite was composed of a crystalline phase with the highest peaks appearing at 2θ = 26° and 35.6°, corresponding to the peaks of graphite and Mn0.1Fe2.9O4, respectively. Furthermore, the Fe-O and C=C functional groups from the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of respective Mn0.1Fe2.9O4 and graphite. The hysteresis curve showed that the Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite nanocomposite had a superparamagnetic character. The membrane showed good performance for filtering methylene blue as indicated by a water flux value of 158.86 Lm-2h-1. These results show that nanocomposite-based membranes have great potential to be applied as methylene blue filters.
Drosophila melanogaster Pupae Orientation in Several Culture Conditions
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Fatmawati Diani , Zubaidah Siti , Susanto Hendra
Published: July 2024

Environmental conditions are indicated to affect pupal orientation in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the number of upright, tilted, and flat pupae under 4 experimental conditions: uncontaminated conditions (condition 1), contaminated conditions for one generation (condition 2), contaminated conditions for two generations (condition 3), and the condition in which the contamination has been removed by five generations (condition 4). Each experiment involved 72 experimental units and each experimental unit consisting of one fruit fly culture. Each culture was derived from five pairs of wildtype fruit flies. The Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used as a hypothesis test while the Games-Howell was used for the post hoc test. The results of the analysis indicated that the pupal orientation was always significantly different in the four experimental conditions: condition 1 (χ2(2)=51.769, p<0.001), condition 2 (χ2(2)=47.543, p<0.001), condition 3 (χ2(2))=48.835, p<0.001), and condition 4 (χ2(2)=49.972, p<0.001). The number of pupae in the tilted orientation was always significantly higher than the other two orientations. On the other hand, the number of pupae in the upright orientation was not significantly different from the flat orientation in the four experimental conditions. The findings obtained in this study can be used as a basis for studying the behavior of fruit fly larvae under certain disease or environmental conditions, especially during the pupal formation stage.
Correlation between Water Quality and Surfactant Pollution in the Porong River
Authors: Caesar Nico Rahman , Yanuhar Uun , Faqih Abd. Rahem , Anitasari Septi , Ciptadi Gatot , Musa Muhammad , Bisri Muhammad , Wardani Nezya Pramudya
Published: July 2024

The condition of the Porong River has experienced a decline in water quality caused by detergent pollution containing surfactants. Accumulation of surfactants that have not been well-degraded can have negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem. The aim of this research is to analyze the water quality parameters and surfactant concentrations in the Porong River, as well as to determine their correlation. The method used in this study is the descriptive survey method. Data collection was carried out at 3 stations using purposive sampling method. Data were collected in three replicates. Based on the data obtained from the water quality parameter measurements, the temperature ranges from 27.8 to 29°C, TDS levels range from 249.9 to 652.1 mg/L, TSS levels range from 4.1 to 37.9 mg/L, pH values range from 6.7 to 6.8, DO concentrations range from 5 to 5.6 mg/L, nitrate concentrations range from 1.09 to 1.23 mg/L. The results of surfactant measurements in the water range from 3.6 to 7.8mg/L. The relationship between water quality parameters indicates a positive correlation or interdependence among them. Furthermore, high surfactant content in the water leads to a decline in water quality, thereby adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems.
Complementary Food to Improving HDL & LDL in Malnourished Male Wistar Strain White Rats
Authors: Aulia Daradjatul , Lestari Sri Rahayu , Rakhmawati Yunita
Published: July 2024

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) causes a decrease in amino acid synthesis, which affects the decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels and an increase in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Improving HDL and LDL levels in malnourished can be managed by providing Complementary Food (CF) with main ingredients such as banana flour, cassava flour, and corn flour. This study aims to describe the effect of CF supplementation on the HDL and LDL levels of malnourished male Wistar rats. The research method was experimental with a Randomized Block Design using twenty-four male rats. The experimental animals were divided into six treatment groups and carried out for 4 weeks. Data on HDL and LDL levels were obtained from rat blood serum detected by spectrophotometer and analysed by ANOVA. The results showed significant differences in HDL levels with the administration of CF (P < 0.05) and no significant differences in LDL levels with CF supplementation (P > 0.05). CF can increase HDL levels and tend to decrease LDL levels.
Mortality Effect of Bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.) Seed Extract Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Permana Tutut Indria , Khoiriyyah Habibatul , Hudha Atok Miftachul , Nuryady Moh. Mirza , Maksum Muhammad Yusril Ihya
Published: July 2024

Bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.) seeds contain phytochemical compounds like cerberin, flavonoid, steroid, tannin, and saponin. These compounds may act as a natural eradication of Aedes aegypti L. in the adult stage or are called natural adulticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Bintaro seed extract on the mortality of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This experimental research uses the post-test-only control group design. There were seven Bintaro seed extract concentrations as treatment, namely 300ppm, 350ppm, 400ppm, 450ppm, 500ppm, 550ppm, and 600ppm. The control treatment used ethanol (96%). The research sample was 480 mosquitoes aged 3-5 days (for three repetitions). Each treatment uses 20 mosquitoes in a Duran bottle 250 mL. The data were processed using SPSS type 22 with normality and homogeneity tests, then analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine differences in effective concentrations on mosquito mortality. The results showed that Bintaro seed extract at a concentration of 600ppm was the most effective on the mortality of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes but not significantly different from the other concentrations. While the results of the LC50 probit regression analysis were 453.071 ppm, and the LC90 value was 1737.760 ppm.
Antibiogram Fingerprints of Bacteria Isolated from River Water Near a Hospital in Malang
Authors: Lelitawati Mardiana , Kartikasari Nur’aini , Alhakim Yordant Ad’ha , Zulkifli Muhammad Maulidi , Fernando Michael , Utomo Muhammad Andry Prio , Witjoro Agung
Published: July 2024

The focus on the environment as one of the dimensions of the transmission and acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has been increasing since the campaign to combat resistance adopted the One Health framework (human-animal-environment). Hospitals, as the highest users of antibiotics, often dispose of their waste into rivers, which has the potential to spread antibiotic resistance to the environment. This study examines the susceptibility profile of 18 bacteria isolated from river water near a hospital against 6 types of antibiotics. Based on the resistance patterns, two unique patterns of MARPs (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Profiles) to antibiotics were observed: one isolate showed resistance to 4 antibiotics with a MARI (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index) value of 0.6, and another showed resistance to 3 antibiotics with a MARI value of 0.5.
Utilization of Bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.) leaves extract as an Aedes aegypti L. mosquito killer: How is its effectiveness?
Authors: Nuryady Moh. Mirza , Maksum Muhammad Yusril Ihya’ , Permana Tutut Indria , Hudha Atok Miftachul , Khoiriyyah Habibatul
Published: July 2024

Aedes aegypti L. Mosquito is the only vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The chemical-based control agents have a negative effect if used for a long time. Therefore, this research focused on finding the natural agent that may act as an adulticide, like Bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.). Bintaro leaves contain active compounds such as cerberin (one of the alkaloids), flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins that have a mortality effect on mosquitoes. The study was to determine the effectiveness of Bintaro leaves extract as an adulticide against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This experimental research uses the posttest-only control group design and uses Ae. Aegypti mosquito aged 3-5 days as the sample. There were seven different concentrations of Bintaro leaves extract as a treatment, namely 300 ppm, 350 ppm, 400 ppm, 450 ppm, 500 ppm, 550 ppm, and 600 ppm. The method used in this research is using a 250 ml Duran bottle. The results of the study showed that the Bintaro leaves extract at a concentration of 600 ppm was more effective against the mortality of Ae. Aegypti, but not significantly different from the 400 ppm, 450 ppm, 500 ppm, and 550 ppm treatments. And the LC50 probit regression analysis was 455.602 ppm, and the LC90 value was 1735.956 ppm.
The Effects of Water Extract of Psidium guajava L. Leaves Against the Percentage of Parasitemia in male Mus musculus L. Swiss Webster mice
Authors: Artasasta Muh Ade , Triyana Afifah Nurul , Listyorini Dwi , Putra Wira Eka , Susanto Hendra , Ayunin Rahmalia
Published: July 2024

Due to increasing resistance, the accessibility of antimalarial medications is diminishing, necessitating the need for the development of novel drugs. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the examination of the malaria properties present in red guava leaves. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an water extract derived from red guava leaves (P. guajava L.) on the percentage of parasitemia in male mice (Mus musculus L. Swiss Webster). Additionally, the study sought to analyze the composition of phytochemical compounds in water extract obtained from red guava leaves. The findings demonstrated that the water extract of guava leaves (ADJB) and ART-ADJB (combination of artemisinin and ADJB), administered at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, effectively decreased the percentage of parasitemia. ED50 value of red guava leaf water extract is 0.7741 mg/Kg BB. In combination with artemisinin, ED50 decreases to 0.7357 mg/Kg BB. Artemisinin alone has an ED50 of 0.43 mg/Kg BB. The measured ED50 value indicates that the utilization of a combination of artemisinin with red guava leaf water extract has greater potential compared to the use of red guava leaf water extract alone. The ADJB extract contains phytochemical compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids.
Exfoliative Cytology of Buccal and Gingival Mucosa in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Andini Ary , Farindra Irmawan , Hatmanti Nety Mawarda , Laili Uliyatul , Fitriya Naila , Munawaroh Shinta Nuriya , Hidayah Nurul , Karimah Nini
Published: July 2024

Patients’ diabetes mellitus is prone to an increase of bacteria in the oral cavity which can cause abnormalities to the buccal and gingival mucosa cells. This study aims to analyze the relationship between high blood glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and the condition of buccal and gingival cytology cells by using Giemsa stain and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). This research was an observational study with cross sectional approach used 16 respondents of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with blood glucose level was 321.87±91.86 mg/dl. The observation of buccal cells showed that 10 people had normal cells (62.5%) and 6 people had weak damage (37.5%). The gingival cells condition found that 8 people had normal cells (50%), 6 people had weak cell damage (37.5%) and 2 people had moderate cell damage (12.5%). The results of epithelial cells by PAS staining showed normal conditions in 10 people (62.5%), slightly damaged in 3 people (18.8%), and moderately damaged in 3 people (18.8%). Based on statistical analysist results was obtained no significant relationship between blood glucose level and abnormality of buccal and gingival mucosa, p-value = 0.105 (buccal), p-value = 0.151 (gingival), but significant relation in epithelial cells stained with PAS (p-value = 0.048). In the future, prospective and comparative studies can be conducted to observe the development of PAS staining in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This could assist in exploring fluctuating changes related to blood glucose control
Innovation of Mycoparasites Trichoderma harzianum as a Catalyst in the Manufacture of Biofertilizers and Biopesticides in Anthracnose of Chili Plants
Authors: Daniarsih Ajeng , Amrilah Muhammad Shofi , Putra Dio Rizki Nadar , Hilman Rifqi , Ardiansyah Izza
Published: July 2024

Chili (Capsicum annuum L) is an important vegetable commodity that has high nutritional value and is widely favored but vulnerable stricken anthracnose disease. On the other hand, the production of processed food from fruits and vegetables always produces domestic waste in its processing that will pollute the environment. This study aims to determine potential of biofertilizer and biofungicide from fermented domestic waste MOL Trichoderma sp. The organic fertilizer derived from domestic waste fermented by Trichoderma sp. for 7, 10, and 14 weeks. Quality product was evaluated by measure of Nitrogen, P, and C-organic content and in vivo test. The test results showed that domestic waste product fermented by Trichoderma sp. at the fermentation time of 7 days had the highest levels of P, K, and C, organic respectively by 0.484%, 3.353%, and 40.18%. While the largest C-organic value in the 14-day fermentation period was 0.43%. The longer fermentation time will reduce the levels of P, K, and C-organic in POC but increase the value of C-organic. The highest Colletotrichum capsici inhibitory activity was found in POC with a fermentation time of 14 days (about 2 weeks) at 97.54%, the longer the fermentation time, the higher the inhibitory activity.
Enzymatic assay of coffee peel and papaya peel waste eco enzyme
Authors: Kamila Zahrina Aufiya , Mulyadi Hilal , Suharti Suharti , Susanti Evi , Haryono Norman Yoshi
Published: July 2024

Coffee is one of Indonesia’s main products with the consumption rate reach 10 million tons in 2020-2021 globally. This high productivity raises the problem of coffee peel waste which has been utilized as animal feed or fertilizer. Eco enzyme, a complex solution formed by the fermentation of organic waste, sugar, and water can be used as an alternative for utilizing coffee peel waste. This research was conducted to test the enzymatic activity of eco enzyme from coffee peel and papaya peel that fermented for 2, 3, and 4 months. The enzymes tested were protease, amylase, and lipase using selective agar media 1% skim milk, 1% starch, and 5% olive oil respectively. The results obtained was the eco enzyme contains protease as indicated by the formation of a clear zone around the sample. Meanwhile, the negative results of amylase activity were thought to be due to the presence of caffeine from coffee peel and certain compounds from papaya peel which can inhibit α-amylase activity. The results of the lipase activity test could not be observed due to the large range of pH value of methyl red so that the reddish zone was not formed by the hydrolyzation of triglycerides into fatty acids that cause the pH value decrease.
Grapevine Disease Identification Using Resnet−50
Authors: Badriyah Asfiyatul , Sarosa Moechammad , Asmara Rosa Andrie , Wardani Mila Kusuma , Al Riza Dimas Firmanda
Published: July 2024

Visual identification of diseases in grapevines can be a difficult task for growers. The importance of farmers in the identification of grape diseases due to control the spread of disease and lower agricultural yield losses. In this study developed a disease identification system in plants using image processing. Images of leaves on grapevines infected with the disease were taken, extracted features from the images and applied the ResNet-50 algorithm. The dataset of grape leaf images taken was 200 images for four classes, including 3 classes of leaves identified as diseased and 1 class of healthy leaves. The experimental results show that the image processing system for identifying diseases in grapes identifies the types of disease in grapevines. This research has the potential to be implemented in a farm automation system to detect early diseases in grapevines and take appropriate preventive measures to increase productivity and crop quality.
Decreased Recombination Frequency in Lead Contaminated Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Zubaidah Siti , Zahrah Natasya Adiba , Kharomah Sinta , Ramadhan Muhamad Justitia , Choirunisa Nindiana , Maghfiroh Hidayati , Buroidah Hikmah , Hayuana Wachidah , Agustin Maya , Fahmi M. Iqbal Najib , Setiawan Deny
Published: July 2024

Recombination frequency through testcross involving Drosophila melanogaster can be used as relevant data in assessing the effect of certain substances on organisms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead-contaminated culture media on the percentage of recombination events. D. melanogaster was selected as the model organism while crossing over was selected as the observed recombination event. Lead levels in each treatment were 0, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 grams. Crossing over data was collected by calculating the frequency of recombinant-type strains from testcross results involving wildtype strains and vestigial black double mutants. Successively, the recombinant frequencies in the 0-, 0.05-, 0.075-, and 0.1-gram lead groups were 32.40, 14.65, 0, and 0%. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that lead contamination had a significant effect on reducing the recombination frequency. Therefore, lead may negatively impact the molecular aspects that control recombination events. Because recombination is regulated by genes and involves various proteins, a decrease in recombination frequency indicates that lead has a negative impact on genes or proteins during gametogenesis.
Effect of Pulutan (Urena lobata l) Leaves Decoction on the Hormone Testosterone Levels of Balb C Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Handayani Nursasi , Gofur Abdul
Published: July 2024

The side effects of using natural ingredients as antifertility are minor compared to antifertility made from synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to examine the impact of pulutan (Urena lobata L) leaf decoction on the fertility of male Balb C mice (Mus musculus), reviewed for their effect on testosterone hormone levels in mice. Male mice aged 10-12 weeks were given five pulutan leaves, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and controls. Gavage is provided for 36 days. The sample used to measure testosterone levels is the blood and sperm count of mice. Data were analyzed by single ANOVA followed by an LSD test. The results showed that pulutan leaf decoction at the treatment concentration tended to cause the testosterone hormone concentration to be lower than the control. So, it is expected that the decoction of pulutan leaves will potentially be male antifertility.
Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): Review of Communications, Challenges, Applications, Future direction and Open Research Topics
Authors: Hasan Soran Ahmed , Mohammed Marwan Aziz , Sulaiman Sazan Kamal
Published: July 2024

Advancements in the fields of electronics, sensors, and communication systems has enabled the development of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for various military, commercial, and civilian purposes. Nevertheless, the capacity of a solitary and diminutive UAV is insufficient. The utilization of several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can surpass the constraints imposed by a single small UAV, hence creating a more advanced system. A flying ad hoc network (FANET) is a network composed of a collection of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are interconnected in an ad hoc manner. These UAVs work together as a team to accomplish complex objectives. FANETs are characterized by their mobility, lack of centralized control, and self-organization, and an ad hoc nature among UAVs. These traits enable FANETs to enhance connections, extend communication range in areas without infrastructure. On the other hand, FANETs can be utilized in situations where regular communication infrastructure is unavailable, offering a swiftly deployable, adaptable, selfconfigurable, and cost-effective network. However, connecting aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a spontaneous network poses a significant challenge. To ensure resilient communication it is crucial to have the communication framework and routing protocols that can adapt to the constant movement of these flying nodes. This essay aims to offer an understanding of the communication technologies by exploring aspects, like Data rate, the spectrum type, coverage, and latency are the key factors to consider. Furthermore, this paper investigates the practicality and feasibility of enabling technologies. Additionally, it addresses the problems, unexplored territories, and future directions to enhance the research work.
Advanced security: The application social media and their security
Authors: Ahmed Lana Kemal , Rashid Rasber Dhahir
Published: July 2024

Social media networks are a vital platform for the virtual community, connecting billions of people for mutual interaction. However, hackers are aggressively exploiting these platforms for malicious intentions. Despite the implementation of preventive measures, hacker activity has surged, leading to the need for a social media intrusion detection system. Online social networks have provided users with conveniences but also pose significant threats to their security and privacy. Users’ attempts to adjust their privacy settings are less than their efforts to implement other security measures. A significant proportion of individuals using social media platforms have limited technical expertise, resulting in less apprehension about the privacy implications of their personal content. To address privacy concerns, a comprehensive set of welldefined policies should be established, including robust passwords, periodic password changes, caution when sharing personal information, the importance of antivirus software, and proprietary software use. Machine learning algorithms can be employed to examine user sentiment, identify deceptive news, and combat child trafficking. Researchers are currently investigating the incorporation of improving cyber security of social media platforms by using artificial intelligence, focusing particularly on adversarial machine learning. The growing popularity of AI for Good project and the emphasis on Fair AI and Bias in AI highlight the need for further research on how these fields can be used in relation to the social media. This research provides a thorough analysis of the most recent advancements in social media security and dependability, presenting a groundbreaking approach to enhance security and dependability. Organizations must safeguard information broadcasted on social media due to frequent security breaches, which can hinder economic growth.
Enhanced techniques to measure the execution time of distributed and cloud computing systems
Authors: Jghef Yousif Sufyan , Mohammed Marwan Aziz , Abdullah Abdulqadir Ismail , Othman Nashwan Adnan , Sulaiman Sazan Kamal , Bofaoor Husam Barjas
Published: July 2024

ICT giants include cloud computing and distributed systems. Researchers have ignored the idea of merging distributed systems and cloud computing to examine millisecond execution times and megabyte capacity. The system used Google’s API to download files to the cloud. The system sent files to the principal server. Now there are two ways to calculate execution time accurately. The first scenario uses threads to construct clients and servers. Second, pool threads are used. This article examines file capacity and execution time. The system demonstrated how cloud computing influences distributed systems’ execution time and capacity in these two circumstances. According to the testing, the first scenario (multi threads) takes less time than the second (pool threads), although not significantly. 4874 milliseconds are needed to transfer 50 files, each weighing 90 MB, utilizing multiple threads. However, it takes 5541 milliseconds to send these files using the pool threads. Keep in mind that utilizing the first scenario is bad for computer hardware. In order to load files into the system, this work used hash table software structure in conjunction with network technologies like TCP sockets, APIs, threads, and thread pool techniques between the client and servers.
Statistical Data Mining Methods in Predicting Happiness and Habits
Authors: Sulaiman Sazan Kamal , Jghef Yousif Sufyan , Abdullah Abdulqadir Ismail , Ahmed Saadaldeen Rashid
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to employ statistical data mining methods and con-duct a survey among young individuals to construct a model capable of forecasting overall happiness. This model will consider over a hundred characteristics, including lifestyle choices and musical tastes. We utilized boosting trees, subset se-lection, and GAM (Generalized Additive Models) techniques. In addition, we created actual test data to validate the model. All available approaches have found many lifestyle variables, including as energy levels, loneliness, desire to alter the past, eating properly, and spending time with friends, as significant determinants of happiness. We generated authentic test data to verify the model, utilizing rigorous testing protocols to evaluate its predicted precision and applicability across various demographics. Based on our investigation, the use of the gradient boost technique resulted in improved picture projections. The evaluation of the technique using a confusion matrix revealed an accuracy of 97.1% for training and a perfect accuracy of 100% for validation. The training phase achieved an accuracy of 62.5%, as shown by the confusion matrix, while the overall confusion matrix demonstrated a 92.0% accuracy in predicting happiness. The support vector machine, trained incrementally, demonstrated encouraging prospects for future investigation.