bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multicomponent Training Program Improves Physical Function and Quality of Life for a Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Survivor: A Case Study
Authors: Guerrero-Romero Lucia , Rojas-Ruiz Francisco J. , Cepero-Gonzalez Mar
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Overcoming an oncological process has a significant impact on lower-extremity sarcoma survivors’ quality of life, due to the deterioration in their physical and functional state. This study evaluates the effects of a six-month multicomponent physical training program on mesenchymal chondrosarcoma survivors’ physical function and quality of life Methods: The program was performed done twice weekly and included resistance, cardiorespiratory, trunk control and stability exercises. Results: Functional assessments revealed improvements in hand grip strength, walking speed, balance, and coordination. The Timed Up and Go test showed a 50% reduction in completion time, reflecting better mobility and strength. Additionally, gait speed increased significantly, and balance trials indicated enhanced coordination. Quality of life evaluations using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire indicated progress in physical health, psychological well-being, and environmental engagement. Conclusions: Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of tailored exercise interventions for sarcoma survivors, particularly those with significant physical impairments. Such programs are vital complements to conventional rehabilitation strategies, fostering physical activity adapted to individual needs. By addressing the multifaceted challenges of survivorship, these interventions enhance functional capacity, reduce disability, and improve overall well-being. Therefore, this case study highlights the program’s effectiveness in managing post-treatment sequelae, opening a pathway to improved physical autonomy and quality of life.
Enhancing School Management Through School Heads' Conflict Resolution and Team Building Expertise.
Authors: Fajinmi John , Oloyede Joseph
Published: January 2025

Effective school management is integral to fostering an environment conducive to learning and development. This study explores the role of school heads in enhancing school management by leveraging their conflict resolution and team-building expertise. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, the research examines how these leadership competencies contribute to fostering collaboration, mitigating disputes, and promoting a positive organizational culture within educational institutions. The findings underscore the significance of proactive conflict resolution strategies in addressing interpersonal and professional disagreements, thereby ensuring smooth operations and a supportive atmosphere. Moreover, the study highlights the pivotal role of team-building initiatives in strengthening staff cohesion, motivation, and alignment with institutional goals. Practical recommendations are proposed to empower school leaders with the necessary skills and frameworks to navigate complex challenges effectively. By emphasizing the critical nexus between leadership practices, conflict management, and team dynamics, this research offers valuable insights for enhancing the overall quality of school governance and educational outcomes.
Spontaneous Subatomic Mass-Energy Interconversion: Implications for the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and a Theory of Everything
Authors: Willis Rudolph
Published: January 2025

This study proposes that quantum uncertainty arises from stochastic mass-energy interconversion at the subatomic level. Integrating Einstein's mass-energy equivalence and quantum mechanics, the hypothesis introduces fluctuating mass terms into mathematical frameworks like the Schrödinger equation, yielding novel implications for the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The theory extends to quantum field theory, string theory, and cosmology, suggesting a dynamic mechanism for phenomena ranging from particle decay rates to black hole evaporation. By bridging quantum mechanics and general relativity through stochastic fluctuations, this framework offers testable predictions for high-energy physics, gravitational wave analysis, and cosmological observations, advancing the search for a unified Theory of Everything.
The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: A Global Impact Assessment in the Corn and Wheat Sectors
Authors: Arreyndip Nkongho Ayuketang
Published: January 2025

As a major producer of corn and wheat, the disruption of the supply chain in Ukraine in these food sectors due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict may have a profound global impact. Very little is known about how the war has impacted these important food sectors globally. This paper examines the global impact of the war on the maize and wheat sectors in the first year of the war. Analysis of FAO data shows that Ukraine suffered a 12.87% and 17.45% decline in the maize and wheat sectors, respectively, compared to the 2012-2021 base year. Using the Acclimate economic network model, these shocks are applied to Ukraine’s maize and wheat network nodes to analyze their global impact. The production value and total losses are calculated and compared to the base year, both regionally and in some major global economic blocs. The results show that the maize sectors in Germany, Ukraine, Poland, and Belgium were most affected by production value losses, while Ukraine, China, Venezuela, and Korea suffered the largest overall losses. In the wheat sector, Russia, Germany, Ukraine, and Canada suffered the largest production value losses, while Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China suffered the largest overall losses. Overall, the maize sector was the hardest hit globally compared to the wheat sector, with the EU, the US, China, South America, and Africa being the hardest hit in the maize sector, while the BRICKS and Oceania were the hardest hit in the wheat sector. These findings can contribute to better investment decisions, regional and sectoral emergency management planning, and the development of regulatory frameworks.
Vector Map Encryption Method Based on Secret Sharing
Authors: Liu Fanshuo , Wu Baiyan , Liu Xi , Bu Zixuan , Zhang Haodong
Published: January 2025

Vector map data is of great value and widely used in different fields. The issues for its data security have become increasingly urgent in the modern information age. Encryption technology converts the plaintext data into ciphertexts, making the data unreadable to unauthorized users, thus, plays a vital role in safeguarding sensitive information in various scenarios. Although several encryption algorithms for vector maps have been developed, most of the existing methods lack some very important security related properties, such as the disaster tolerance property, probabilistic property, diffusion property and the robustness to data RST (Rotation, Scaling and Translation) transformations, which greatly affects the security of the encryption algorithms. In this paper, a novel vector map encryption algorithm based on k,n-threshold secret sharing is proposed, which encrypts one map into n map shares and reconstructs the plaintext map by collecting at least k shares, thus improving the algorithm’s security and achieving the disaster tolerance property. Moreover, random numbers and cipher-feedback mode are cooperated into the encryption process in the proposed method to achieve probabilistic and diffusion properties. In addition, quantized polar coordinate is defined and original map coordinates are transformed into quantized polar coordinates before encryption and decryption process to achieve robustness to data RST transformations. Experiments on map data of different types (including points, polylines, and polygons) demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Performance and Rumen Fermentation in Finishing Steers Fed a Total Mixed Ration Supplemented with a Blend of Essential Oils, Tannins, and Bioflavonoids or Monensin
Authors: Repetto José Luis , Ciancio Eliana , Castro Guillermo , Santana Alvaro , Cajarville Cecilia
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effects of adding a blend of essential oils, tannins, bioflavonoids (ANAVRIN®, VetosEurope, Lugano, Swuitzerland), monensin, and their combination on the performance and rumen fermentation of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Thirty finishing steers (441 kg body weight, 34.3 months old) consuming a TMR were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to three treatments according to the addition of: 1) EOTB (ANAVRIN® at 0.35 g/100 kg body weight); 2) MON (monensin at 0.033 g/kg dry matter); and 3) EOTB+MON (at the same dose as in 1 and 2). A 60-day feeding trial was conducted, including a 14-day adaptation period. Data collected included daily dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and rumen fermentation parameters (pH, N-NH3 and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration). EOTB resulted in higher DMI compared to EOTB+MON, while no significant differences were observed in ADG or FCR. Ruminal pH and N-NH3 concentration were similar among treatments, but there were interactions treatment×hour for VFA. The EOTB+MON led to a more stable VFA concentration in rumen, suggesting possible complementary supplementation effects. However, more studies are needed to confirm this, going deeper in the mechanism of action beyond.
Gut Microbiota and Its Ecological Interactions in Bactrocera zonata and Its Impact on Food Security & Agricultural Pest Management:  A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Javed Muhammad Umar , Hussain Abrar , Saleem Shahzad , Asghar tayyaba , Shahzadi Sammer , Bibi Aqsa
Published: January 2025

Bactrocera zonata or peach fruit fly, is a quarantined pest and is a major threat to horticultural crops especially in Pakistan and South Asian region. Influence of gut microbiota in determining the biological and behavioral features of B. zonata concerning digestion, immunity, mating, and foraging. Bacterial species which are Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, and Acetobacter are involved in the various aspects of nutritional acquisition, immunology, and fertility through producing volatile metabolites that impacts on sexual activity. It also plays a part in the ecological adaptations of gut microbiota; they put forward new approaches to integrated pest management (IPM). This Integrated pest management deals with microbiome change, pheromones disruption and the use of microbiome boosted baits, which supports the environmental objectives of agriculture. Digital surveillance and monitoring systems can be used to enhance the real-time adoption. IPM strategies such as microbiota manipulation and pheromone intervention present ecological innovative pest control solutions to chemical insecticides. These methods involve using protein based chemicals, microorganisms and mechanical attractants such as methyl eugenol and protein hydrolysate lures. Modern technologies provide higher accuracy and efficacy of these methods: digital video surveillance, and the use of automated equipment in monitoring contribute to suppression of B. zonata. This review predisposes indications of microbiome-targeted approaches towards changing the ‘paradigm of pest control’ in the context of IPM, reducing pesticide reliance, perusing conservation of beneficial insects and indeed nurturing sustainable agriculture. This biological control aims for field testing, gut microbiota manipulation, and targeted microbial management for location dependent pest management solutions for optimization of pest control and to tackle current and emerging issues in agriculture.
Assessment of Sustainable Fishing Practices in Artisanal Fisheries in Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Akinkunmi , Akingbola Ololade , Gbadamosi Mary , Samuel Oba , Olabamiji Ismot , Aboderin Emmanuel , Mustapha Adejuwon
Published: January 2025

Artisanal fisheries in Nigeria constitute a critical segment of the nation's socio-economic structure, contributing significantly to food security and local livelihoods. Representing over 60% of domestic fish production, these fisheries employ traditional, small-scale methods that interact dynamically with ecological and socio-economic systems. However, the sustainability of this sector faces numerous challenges, including overfishing, environmental degradation, regulatory gaps, and socio-economic barriers. This review examines the current state of artisanal fisheries in Nigeria, emphasizing the interplay between traditional fishing practices, ecological sustainability, and socio-economic dynamics. It highlights the impacts of climate change, pollution, and competition from industrial fishing on fish stocks and livelihoods. The study advocates for sustainable practices, such as ecosystem-based management, improved governance, and community participation. Drawing on case studies and traditional knowledge, it provides actionable recommendations, including the integration of local practices into policy frameworks, the promotion of co-management systems, and capacity-building initiatives to empower fishers. In order to address these multi-dimensional challenges, the study underscores the importance of sustainable artisanal fisheries for enhancing food security, preserving biodiversity, and fostering socio-economic resilience in Nigeria.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of BRCA1 and BRCA2 as Targets in Canine Oncology: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Cancer Development and Treatment
Authors: Pasaol Jayson Cagadas , Śmieszek Agnieszka , Pawlak Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Tumor diseases represent a significant global health challenge, impacting both humans and companion animals, notably dogs. The parallels observed in the pathophysiology of cancer between humans and dogs underscore the importance of advancing comparative oncology and translational research methodologies. Moreover, dogs serve as valuable models for human cancer research due to shared environments, genetics, and treatment responses. Notably, breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), which are pivotal in human oncology, also influence the development and progression of canine tumors. The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in canine cancers remains underexplored, but their potential significance as therapeutic targets is strongly considered. This systematic review aims to broaden the discussion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 beyond mammary tumors, exploring their implications across various canine cancers. By emphasizing shared genetic underpinnings between species and advocating for a comparative approach, the review indicates the potential of BRCA genes as targets for innovative cancer therapies in dogs, contributing to advancements in both human and veterinary oncology.
From Embers to Rumors: Decoding the Societal Impact of the January 2025 Los Angeles Wildfires on Misinformation
Authors: Gimello Frédéric
Published: January 2025

The fires that ravaged Los Angeles in 2025 not only caused considerable material damage: they also triggered a parallel crisis of misinformation, fueled by the strong emotional and symbolic charge that fire carries in the collective imagination. Emblematic fires - whether the Great Fire of Rome (64 CE), the Great Fire of London (1666) or Notre-Dame Cathedral in 2019 - have acquired a metaphorical significance in human history that goes beyond their immediate context, highlighting profound social concerns. In Los Angeles, media coverage of the fires of 2025 intensified tensions around inequality, institutional failures and environmental justice, while the emotional dimension of the fire fostered the rapid rise of conspiracy theories. Fake news, such as the elite grabbing of resources, resonated with an American population already marked by distrust of institutions and its elites embodied by the billionaire duo Trump and Musk. What's more, the media's propensity to privilege emotional impact over factual information has only reinforced this phenomenon. To be truly effective, strategies to combat forest fire misinformation must therefore address both the emotional drivers of fire symbolism and the historical patterns that give these narratives their persuasive force. Concerted efforts by scientists (especially historians, sociologists and information and communication specialists), journalists and local players, combined with more factual communication, can help restore confidence and strengthen collective resilience. It seems essential to remember that fire in our civilization represents both an environmental threat and a powerful cultural symbol with deep-rooted roots and imagery, in order to better understand the dual crisis of fire-related ecological disasters and the misinformation that recurrently accompanies them.
Evaluating Soil Temperature Variations for Enhanced Radon Monitoring in Volcanic Regions
Authors: Janik Miroslaw , Hosoda Mashiro , Tokonami Shinji , Omori Yasutaka , Akata Naofumi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of soil temperature on radon transport and exhalation near Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Continuous soil temperature measurements at various depths revealed a thermal gradient, with decreasing fluctuations at greater depths, leading to more stable radon emissions. This finding underscores the importance of accurate temperature data in understanding radon transport dynamics. The research highlights the influence of temperature on soil-gas permeability by affecting the dynamic viscosity of soil gases. Discrepancies between measured and calculated temperature profiles, using constant thermal diffusivity and mean surface temperature for all layers, suggest that these parameters are site-specific and cannot be generalized. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing radon monitoring programs by establishing the optimal depth placement for radon detectors of 80-100 cm and developing a framework for correcting radon measurements for temperature-induced variations. These advancements enhance the reliability and accuracy of radon as a precursor for geohazard studies and volcanic activity.
Utilizing Multi-Omics Analysis to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanisms of Oat Responses to Drought Stress
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Liu Jinghui , Zhao Baoping , Mi Junzhen , Xu Zhongshan
Published: January 2025

Oat is a crop and forage species with rich nutritional value, capable of adapting to various harsh growing environments, including dry and poor soils. It plays an important role in agricultural production and sustainable development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of oat to drought stress remain unclear, warranting further research. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment with drought-resistant cultivar JiaYan 2 (JIA2) and water-sensitive cultivar BaYou 9 (BA9) during the booting stage under three water gradient treatments: 30% field capacity (severe stress), 45% field capacity (moderate stress) and 70% field capacity (normal water supply). After 7 days of stress, root samples were collected for transcriptome and proteome analyses. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under moderate stress, JIA2 upregulated 1086 differential genes and downregulated 2919 differential genes, while under severe stress, it upregulated 1792 differential genes and downregulated 4729 differential genes. Under moderate stress, BA9 exhibited an upregulation of 395 differential genes, a downregulation of 669, and an upregulation of 886 differential genes and 439 downregulations under severe stress. In drought stress, most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to JIA2 were downregulated, mainly involving redox reactions, carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signal regulation, and secondary metabolism. Proteomic analysis revealed that under moderate stress, 489 differential proteins were upregulated, and 394 were downregulated. Under severe stress, 493 differential proteins were upregulated, and 701 were downregulated. In BA9, 590 and 397 differential proteins were upregulated under moderate stress, with 126 and 75 upregulated differential proteins under severe stress. Correlation analysis between transcriptomics and proteomics demonstrated that compared with CK, four types of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the JIA2 differential gene-protein interaction network analysis under severe stress. These included 13 key cor DEGs and DEPs related to plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism processes, and metabolic pathways. The consistency of gene and protein expression was validated using qRT-PCR, indicating their key role in the strong drought resistance of JIA2.
Burnout Among Hospital Nurses in Kazakhstan
Authors: Maxudova Makhigul , Ospanova Dinara , Stavropoulou Areti , Alibekova Lyazzat , Sultanova Gulnar , Veklenko Galina , Tobzhanova Kundyzay
Published: January 2025

Background: Burnout is an important psychological condition which affects work performance of nurses. This condition occurs under long-term psychological or emotional stress associated with the work of a nurse. As a result, such symptoms as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) may be suffered. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital nurses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 284 respondents participated in the online survey. Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) was used for collecting data. Results: The results demonstrated that burnout occurs among 66.20% of hospital nurses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The formed EE was identified among 29.23% of respondents, DP in 60.92% of respondents, PA in 38.73%. The formation stage according to these indicators occurs in 25.7% (EE), 19.37% (DP) and 12.68% (PA). The level of burnout was higher among young nursing specialists and more frequent in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusions: This study showed a high level of burnout among hospital nurses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. These findings have implications for further research into the impact of burnout factors on nurses' work and for developing interventions to reduce potential risks to nursing staff health and improve the quality of nursing care.
Dynamic Optimisation of Window Sizes for Enhanced Time-Series Forecasting
Authors: John David , Binnewies Sebastian , Stantic Bela
Published: January 2025

Accurately forecasting future trends in complex, high-dimensional time series is challenging, as the predictive accuracy of models hinges on selecting appropriate historical data windows. While existing research in fields such as finance and energy forecasting has advanced from simple linear models to sophisticated machine learning and deep learning architectures, most current approaches rely on static, arbitrarily chosen window sizes. This limitation prevents models from adapting to rapidly evolving conditions and may dilute the impact of recent, highly informative data. To overcome these shortcomings, this work introduces a dynamic window sizing framework that adjusts window lengths in real time, guided by changes in volatility. Using cryptocurrency markets as an illustrative case study -- where high volatility and complex dynamics demand agile methodologies -- the proposed approach identifies optimal window sizes for distinct volatility levels and integrates them into a hybrid deep learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network (LSTM-GRU) model. This enables the model to align its training perspective with evolving market states, capturing both transient and persistent patterns more effectively than static-window counterparts. Experimental evaluations show demonstrate that dynamic window sizing consistently outperforms all tested static window approaches by yielding lower mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), along with higher directional accuracy. Specifically, the dynamic model attained an MSE of 0.1749, an MAE of 0.2281, and a directional accuracy of 56.77%, outperforming the best static model, which recorded an MSE of 0.1933, an MAE of 0.2883, and a directional accuracy of 49.11%. By offering a robust mechanism for aligning forecasting models with current data characteristics, the proposed adaptive strategy addresses the limitations of static window sizing and sets a new benchmark for handling rapidly changing data. Moreover, this approach establishes a generalisable framework that can enhance decision-making and risk mitigation in diverse domains where adaptability and precision are critical.These results highlight the effectiveness of adopting an adaptive approach in scenarios characterised by frequent changes in data patterns, thereby underscoring the importance of dynamic methodologies over fixed-window configurations.
Involvement of Nuclear Receptors PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and the Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Cellular Protection Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hypoxia-Reoxygenationand High Glucose, Regulated by H2S in Primary Cardiomyocyte Cultures
Authors: Ibarra-Lara Luz , Sánchez-López Araceli , del Valle-Mondragón Leonardo , Soria-Castro Elizabeth , Zarco-Olvera Gabriela , Patlán-M Mariana , Guarner-Lans Verónica , Torres-Narváez Juan Carlos , Ruíz-Ramírez Angelica , Díaz de León-Sánchez Fernando , Oidor-Chan Victor Hugo , Castrejón-Téllez Vicente
Published: January 2025

Under conditions of hyperglycemia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial oxidative stress increases, leading to cellular damage. Inhibition of oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in the cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulﬁde (H2S) during I/R and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that H2S has the potential to protect the heart. However, the mechanism by which H2S regulates the level of cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) during I/R and hyperglycemic conditions remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of H2S in primary cardiomyocyte cultures subjected to hyperglycemia, hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR), or both conditions, by assessing the PPAR-α/Keap1/Nrf2/p47phox/NOX4/p-eNOS/CAT/SOD signaling pathway and the PPAR-γ/PGC1α/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Treatment with NaHS (100 μM) as an H2S donor in cardiomyocytes subjected to hyperglycemia, HR, or a combination of both experimental conditions increased cell viability, total antioxidant capacity, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) concentrations, while reducing ROS production, malondialdehyde concentrations, 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine, and dihydrobiopterin (BH2) concentrations. Additionally, H2S donor treatment increased the expression and activity of PPAR-α, reversed the reduction in the expression of PPAR-γ, PGC1α, AMPK, GLUT4, Nrf2, p-eNOS, SOD and CAT, and decreased the expression of Keap1, p47phox y NOX4. Treatment with the H2S donor protects cardiomyocytes from damage caused by hyperglycemia, HR, or both conditions by reducing oxidative stress markers and improving antioxidant mechanisms, thereby increasing cell viability and cardiomyocyte ultrastructure
Do Asymmetry in Oil Prices and Economic Policy Uncertainty Impact Stock Returns? Insights from Oil Importing and Exporting Countries
Authors: Bilal Aman , Ahmed Shakeel , Zada Hassan , Thalassinos Eleftherios , Nawaz Muhammad Hassan
Published: January 2025

This study employs asymmetric quantile regression to investigate the asymmetric impact of WTI crude oil prices and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on stock market returns in oil-importing and oil-exporting countries. The findings reveal that an increase in oil prices significantly impacts the returns of all countries. For oil-importing countries, an increase in oil prices consistently exhibits a positive impact, with insignificant effects in lower and medium quantiles and significant effects in higher quantiles. Conversely, a decrease in oil prices generally decreases stock market returns across all quantiles. This study offers valuable insights for investors to manage risks and improve the predictability of oil price fluctuations. It also provides strategies and policy implications for capitalists and decision-makers. By addressing contemporary issues and using up-to-date data, the study supports financial institutions and portfolio managers in formulating effective strategies.
A Match Made Unequal: Impact of Oral Anticoagulants on Stroke Outcomes Following Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Seetge Jessica , Cséke Balázs , Karádi Zsófia Nozomi , Bosnyák Edit , Szapáry László
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are commonly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but their impact on long-term outcomes following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains uncertain. This study evaluated whether prior anticoagulation influences functional outcomes and mortality in AIS patients.

Methods: A total of 914 patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, following an AIS from January 2023 to September 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into an anticoagulated group (OAC use, n=153) and a non-anticoagulated group (Non-OAC use, n=761). Caliper-matched propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance confounding factors, including age, sex, history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, stroke severity at 72 hours (assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score) and pre-stroke disability (based on pre-morbidity modified Rankin Scale [pre-mRS] score). Analyses were conducted on two key outcomes: 90-day mRS (modified Rankin Scale) scores and mortality.

Results: After matching, 276 patients were analyzed for functional outcomes and 306 for mortality. Anticoagulated patients were 2.26 times more likely to have an unfavorable functional outcome (90-day mRS >2) compared to non-anticoagulated patients (p=0.043). No significant difference in mortality (mRS = 6) was observed between the groups (p=0.307). Advanced age and higher 72h-NIHSS scores were significant predictors of poor functional outcomes, regardless of anticoagulation status.

Conclusions: Prior anticoagulation in AIS patients was associated with an unfavorable functional outcome without reducing mortality. While OACs remain essential for stroke prevention in AF patients, these findings suggest that the benefit of stroke prevention must be weighed against the risk of increased long-term disability following AIS.
Variations in Methodological Approaches to Measuring Health Inequalities and Inequities: A Scoping Review of Acute Stroke Pathways
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , McMeekin Peter , Allen Michael , James Martin , Laws Anna , McCarthy Andrew , McClelland Graham , Moseley Lisa , Park Laura , Phillips Daniel , Price Christopher , Scott Jason , Shaw Lisa , White Phil , Wilson Dave , Ford Gary A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: We aimed to address the following research questions: (1) Which geographic and socio-economic inequalities have been included when evaluating access to acute stroke treatment (including reperfusion therapies)? (2) How have the identified measures been considered/assessed/calculated? (3) Report any methodological approaches that have been proposed that might further improve the way in which acute stroke care interventions are analysed, specified relating to inequalities. Methods: PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were searched for studies that included participants who underwent acute stroke treatment and included quantitative measures of geographic and/or socioeconomic inequalities or inequities in accessing/receiving treatment. Results: Overall, 66 studies were included in the review. Fifty-nine included at least one measure of geographic inequalities or inequities while thirty-six included at least one measure of socioeconomic inequalities or inequities. Twenty-eight of these studies included both a geographic and socioeconomic measure of inequalities or inequities. There were no commonalities in the methods of defining, categorising and measuring the inequalities or inequities. No study provided their definition of inequality or inequity or stated any normative judgements they have made. Conclusions: It is vital that the evaluation of programmes like acute stroke care consider impacts on inequality and inequity. Researchers and policy makers should work together to determine relevant measures of inequality/inequity and the most appropriate methods of measuring and categorising them. In addition, researchers should make it clear within their work how they are defining inequality and inequity and what (if any) normative judgements have been made.
K-means Clustering Reveals Long-term Thyrotropin receptor antibody Patterns in Graves’ Disease: Insights from a 10-Year Study with Implications for Graves’ Orbitopathy
Authors: Park Jungyul , Kim Jaehyun , Choi Hee-young , Kim Jinmi , Kim Sangsoo , Yang Suk-woo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: We aimed to explore long-term trajectories of thy-roid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and to identify key factors associated with TRAb normalization. We also investigated whether these trajectories correlate with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) comorbidity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 403 patients with GD who had an initial TRAb level ≥ 1.5 IU/L between 2010 and 2021, monitoring their TRAb levels for at least 3 years. K-means clustering was performed to categorize patients into distinct TRAb change patterns (A, B, C, D). We employed a Cox regression–based time-to-event model, expressing results as “Survival ratio” rather than the conventional Hazard ratio, to reflect the proportion of patients achieving TRAb normalization over time. Key variables included age, sex, ini-tial TRAb, and GO comorbidity. Results: Four unique TRAb patterns emerged, differing primarily in baseline TRAb levels, duration of GD, and treatment approaches. Pattern A demonstrated the highest TRAb normalization rate (96%), whereas Patterns B (80%), C (29%), and D (13%) showed lower probabilities. Regrouping into A vs BCD further emphasized the distinct normalization profile of Pattern A. A higher “Survival ratio” was observed in female patients and those with baseline TRAb < 6.14 IU/L. In contrast, patients whose TRAb levels were ≥ 6.14 IU/L frequently exhibited persistently elevated values over a decade. GO comorbidity did not significantly differ among the four patterns. Conclusions: K-means clustering revealed four unique TRAb change patterns in GD, with baseline TRAb (stratified by the median of 6.14 IU/L) and sex emerging as sig-nificant predictors of normalization. These findings highlight the importance of early TRAb monitoring and tailored therapeutic strategies, particularly for those with persistently elevated TRAb levels.
The Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines: Potential Plausible Causes of Adverse Events and Complications
Authors: Szebeni János
Published: January 2025

The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-enclosed mRNA-containing COVID-19 vaccines were used successfully to vaccinate billions of people during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as with all medicines, Comirnaty and Spikevax can also cause adverse events (AEs) and complications. Although such events occur in less than 0.5% of vaccinated individuals, the huge scale of global vaccination means that the number of "vaccine injuries" could reach millions worldwide. These AEs have a uniquely broad spectrum affecting multiple organs, with most cases being associated with inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Yet, the clinical significance of AEs is debated, and their cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The present review surveys the distinctive structural and functional features of these vaccines linking them to secondary immune effects causing unusual AEs/complications. The discussed unique mRNA-LNP properties include the ribosomal synthesis of the spike protein (SP) fundamentally transforming antigen processing and presentation; the multiple chemical modifications of the mRNA, increasing its stability and translation efficacy; toxicity of the SP casing multiorgan damage; immune stimulation and mRNA transfection by LNP; reduced stability of vaccine nanoparticles in water; immune reactivity and immunogenicity of PEG on the LNP surface; stabilization of the SP by enrichment with proline; and contaminations of the vaccine with plasmid DNA and inorganic elements or complexes. The considered collateral immune effects that may theoretically underlie the AEs are: diversification of the processing and presentation of the SP, innate immune activation, T-cell and antibody-mediated cytotoxicities, dissemination of virus/vaccine hybrid exosomes, somatic hypermutation, reverse transcription, insertion mutagenesis and frameshift mutation. Highlighting these potential processes may help update the risk/benefit ratio of the currently used formulations and make future products of the mRNA-LNP technology platform safer.
Inhaled Ethanol, a Low-Cost Therapy for Respiratory Diseases by Enveloped Viruses
Authors: Salvatori Pietro , Amoushahi Ali , Venuti Aldo , Paolini Francesca
Published: January 2025

Ethanol (EtOH) has demonstrated high efficacy in inactivating enveloped viruses both in vitro and in vivo (in animal and human studies). The inhalation route has been a significant method of drug administration for respiratory disorders since ancient times. Many respiratory diseases are caused by infections with enveloped viruses. This concise review explores the general structural characteristics of enveloped viruses and examines the potential role of inhaled EtOH as low-cost therapy for respiratory diseases. Current literature data suggests that EtOH inhalation could potentially play a beneficial role in treating respiratory infections caused by enveloped viruses. However, there is a clear gap in well-designed clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of EtOH inhalation in treating respiratory infections from enveloped viruses. This low-cost therapy could become an important therapeutic option, especially for large numbers of patients simultaneously infected, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, inhaled EtOH could be a successful approach for fragile patients as cancer patients because it is likely to have no or minimal effects on already established life-saving treatments. Further investigation by national and international institutions is urgently needed to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols.
Exploring the Relationship Between Android Phone Usage and Academic Achievement Among Grade 10 Students at Jose Abad Santos National High School
Authors: Fajinmi John , Naqvi Maahir
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the relationship between Android phone usage and academic achievement among Grade 10 students at Jose Abad Santos National High School. With the increasing prevalence of smartphones among students, it has become essential to understand the impact of this technology on their academic performance. The research investigates the patterns of Android phone usage, including time spent on academic and non-academic applications, and assesses how these patterns correlate with students' grades. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study collects both quantitative data through surveys and qualitative insights through interviews with students and teachers. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how Android phone usage influences students' focus, study habits, and overall academic outcomes. The results aim to inform educators, parents, and policymakers about the potential benefits and challenges of smartphone usage in the educational context, offering recommendations for effective management and utilization of mobile technology to enhance student learning and academic success.
The Impact of Android Phone Usage on the Academic Performance of Grade 10 Students in Jose Abad Santos National High School
Authors: Fajinmi John , Naqvi Maahir
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the impact of Android phone usage on the academic performance of Grade 10 students at Jose Abad Santos National High School. With the increasing prevalence of smartphones, particularly Android devices, among students, concerns have emerged about their influence on educational outcomes. The research investigates how various factors related to Android phone usage—such as social media engagement, gaming, online learning, and texting—affect students' time management, focus, and overall academic performance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys to gather data on phone usage patterns and academic performance records, with qualitative interviews to explore students' perceptions and experiences. The findings indicate a complex relationship, with both positive and negative effects. While Android phones offer valuable educational resources, excessive use for entertainment and social interaction tends to detract from study time, leading to a decline in academic performance. This study provides insights into how the responsible use of Android phones can potentially enhance or hinder students' academic success, and offers recommendations for educators and parents to guide students towards a balanced approach in mobile technology usage.
Numerical Analysis of D-Entropy in Interacting Particle Systems: Insights into Energy Redistribution in Classical Mechanics
Authors: Kapytin Vitaliy , Somsikov Vyacheslav , Andreev Alexey , Chcherbulova Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes a system of interacting particles influenced by gravitational forces and internal Lennard-Jones interactions, focusing on energy redistribution and introducing D-Entropy as a measure of internal energy changes. Numerical simulations reveal that, despite overall energy conservation, significant initial fluctuations in individual energy components occur due to complex interactions. The system shows dynamic energy redistribution, particularly as it transitions from a far-from-equilibrium state to a stable configuration, with D-Entropy capturing periods of rapid energy exchange followed by reduced fluctuations.Particle trajectories exhibit complex behaviors, including deviations and oscillations driven by gravitational and Lennard-Jones forces. Nonlinear interactions significantly impact energy redistribution and system stability. The results demonstrate the utility of D-Entropy in quantifying energy changes and provide insights into the thermodynamic evolution of structured bodies.Future research will incorporate dissipative forces, explore other interaction potentials, and scale up the system to study collective effects and phase transitions. These findings have potential applications in materials science, astrophysics, and other fields involving dynamic structured systems.
High-Volume Battery Recycling: Technical Review of Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Rehman Sheikh , Al-greer Maher , Burn Adam S , Short Michael , Cui Xinjun
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by their use in portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), has led to an increasing volume of spent batteries. Effective end-of-life (EoL) management is crucial to mitigate environmental risks and prevent depletion of valuable raw materials like lithium (Li), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn). Sustainable, high-volume recycling and material recovery are key to establishing a circular economy in the battery industry. This paper investigates challenges and proposes innovative solutions for high-volume LIB recycling, focusing on automation for large-scale recycling. Key issues include managing variations in battery design, chemistry, and topology, as well as the availability of sustainable raw materials and low-carbon energy sources for the recycling process. The paper presents a comparative study of emerging recycling techniques, including EV battery sorting, dismantling, discharge, and material recovery. With the expected growth in battery volume by 2030 (1.4 million per year by 2040), automation will be essential for efficient waste processing. Understanding the underlying processes in battery recycling is crucial for enabling safe and effective recycling methods. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable LIB recycling in supporting the circular economy. Our proposals aim to overcome these challenges by advancing automation and improving material recovery techniques.
Validation of GWAS-Identified CDKN2A Variant rs10757278 in Cardiomyopathy Patients of Pakistani Cohort
Authors: Noor ul Amin Muhammad , Habiba Umm e , Rashid Shahid , Raja Asad Mehmood , Ilyas Muhammad , Ishaq Rafaqat , Arshad Abida , Asad Muhamamd Javaid , Raja Ghazala Kaukab , Shaiq Pakeeza Arzoo
Published: January 2025

Cardiomyopathies, a leading cause of heart failure and mortality worldwide, are a diverse group of heart muscle disorders, with dilated cardiomyopathy being the most prevalent subtype. Numerous genetic variants, identified through GWAS and candidate gene studies, are associated with cardiomyopathies. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the rs10757278 SNP polymorphism on chromosome 9p21.3 near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes with cardiomyopathy, focusing on its role in genetic susceptibility to ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 200 participants (100 cardiomyopathy patients and 100 controls). Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were recorded, and genotyping was performed using tetra-arms PCR. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that rs10757278 was significantly associated with cardiomyopathy (Chi-sq=11.679, p=0.00291) in allelic and genotypic distributions. The GG genotype (p=0.00958) increased risk, identifying the G allele as the risk allele. For IDCM, significant associations were observed for GG and AG genotypes (p=0.02613, p=0.00104), with the G allele increasing risk (p=0.0031, OR=3.19, CI=1.51–7.17) and the A allele offering protection (p=0.00961, OR=0.35, CI=0.15–0.177). Conclusion: These findings highlight rs10757278 as a potential biomarker for cardiomyopathy risk profiling. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these results and improve early diagnosis and genetic risk prediction for cardiomyopathies.
Second Homes and Potential Impacts on Rural Tourism Businesses Development
Authors: Santos Rossana Andreia , Freitas Paulo Sérgio
Published: January 2025

This study suggests that second homes self-building by Portuguese emigrants in places of origin may encourage the return and tourism businesses development in rural areas in Portugal. These second homes resulted from the great wave of emigration that occurred between mid-1950s and mid-1970s and the connection of emigrants to its roots. Since those territories are socially depressed, with only populations of up to 2000 inhabitants, tourism can be a driving force for economic activity thanks to its cross-cutting economic and social dimensions and the high ratio of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating directly or indirectly along the tourism value chain”. The owner-builders of second homes still have preserved the rural organization of the houses and most of them also have other cultivated lands scattered through the village that are maintained when in Portugal for holidays. Therefore, 5,157 Portuguese emigrants were surveyed through the application of a questionnaire to assess the impact of their return on tourism development. Results show that the new generation of Portuguese emigrants (of the working age) consider second homes of the owner-builders their cultural legacy (from family) and can encourage them to return and rent accommodation units in there (if with financial benefits).