bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglial polarization in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Yang Xinmao , Wang Jie , Jia Xiaotao , Yang Yaqian , Fang Yan , Ying Xiaoping , Li Hong , Zhang Meiqian , Wei Jing , Pan Yanfang
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation. Microglial cells, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Microglia can undergo polarization, shifting between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes in response to different stimuli. Dysregulation of microglial polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. These processes contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive decline in AD. However, several challenges remain in this field. The complex molecular mechanisms governing microglial polarization in AD need to be further elucidated. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying microglial polarization in AD and its implications in disease progression.
‘Being affected’: The epistemic value of vulnerability in fieldwork
Authors: Minatti Wolfgang , Gass-Quintero Frédéric Guillaume
Published: February 2025

As ethics of fieldwork gain prominence, discussions in qualitative methods have increasingly focused on the relationship between vulnerability and fieldwork practices. Existing literature provides ethical prescriptions and safety recommendations for fieldworkers in ‘dangerous places’. However, it falls short of addressing the analytic stakes created by experiences of vulnerability in the field. This is problematic because it limits the fieldworker's reflexivity, preventing them from examining unsettling situations as relevant data. To address this, the article builds on an understanding of vulnerability as a type of situation. We argue that fieldworkers gain an analytic advantage by reflecting on experiences shaped by situations of vulnerability, offering insights into the social context under investigation and the researcher's position in it. The article demonstrates the epistemic value of vulnerability by drawing on fieldwork on the Colombian conflict and peace process.
Advancing the Treatment Paradigm for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Patel Parth M. , Arrington Ryon L. , Jonsson Amalia , Wei Jane W. , Binongo Jose , Devireddy Chandan , Nicholson William , Jaber Wissam , Rinfret Stephane , Halkos Michael E.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal safety and efficacy of hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) in a large cohort of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods:

From 2009 to 2020, 561 consecutive patients (median age 64.0 years, predicted risk of mortality 1.3% ± 1.8%, 403 with 2-vessel disease and 158 with 3-vessel disease) underwent a planned HCR procedure with a robot-assisted off-pump left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending (LIMA-LAD) coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of non–LAD vessels. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for short-term and longer-term outcomes.

Results:

Operative mortality and stroke occurred in 4 (0.7%) and 5 patients (0.9%), respectively. Postoperative angiography revealed LIMA patency in 415 of 425 patients (98%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years and was 93% complete. Repeat revascularization occurred in 44 patients (8%) at a median of 2.7 years. Freedom from repeat revascularization and survival at 5 years was similar between patients with 2-vessel and 3-vessel disease ( P = 0.73 and P = 0.19, respectively). Completely revascularized patients had 5-year survival of 91% versus 64% for incompletely revascularized patients (hazard ratio = 3.8, P < 0.001). Age ( P = 0.03), renal failure ( P < 0.001), and history of myocardial infarction ( P = 0.01) were risk factors for late adverse events.

Conclusions:

HCR is a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative to conventional CABG or multivessel PCI with a low incidence of late repeat revascularization and mortality. HCR can be safely applied to carefully selected patients with either 2-vessel or 3-vessel CAD; however, incomplete revascularization may result in lower long-term survival.
Cortical α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mills Kelly A , Kuwabara Hiroto , Du Yong , Gomez Gabriela , Motley Chelsie S , Skorobogatova Yana , Spiro Ergi , Coughlin Jennifer M , Lesniak Wojciech , Brandt Jason , Kamath Vidya , Pomper Martin G , Smith Gwenn S
Published: February 2025

Background

Autopsy and in vivo molecular imaging studies suggest altered binding of the α4β2-nicotinic cholinergic receptor (α4β2-nAChR) with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

To determine the relationship between cortical and hippocampal binding of the α4β2-nAChR with [18F]XTRA PET, a high-affinity radiotracer that enables quantification of α4β2-nAChR in these regions, and cognitive function in individuals with PD.

Methods

Individuals with PD (N = 32) and age-similar, controls without PD or dementia (N = 10) completed a cognitive assessment and one 90-min, [18F]XTRA PET scan. Metabolite-corrected arterial input function radioactivity time-activity curves were generated to obtain total distribution volume (VT) across 12 regions of interest (ROIs). [18F]XTRA binding was compared 1) between controls and people with PD and 2) between controls, persons with PD with normal cognition (PD-NC), and persons with PD with MCI (PD-MCI).

Results

[18F]XTRA binding was higher in the occipital cortex of the combined group of PD participants compared to age-similar controls. No regions showed lower binding in PD. VT with, but not without, partial volume correction was different between controls, PD-NC, and PD-MCI groups, and this was driven by higher binding in PD-MCI compared to controls. Regression of regional VT on cognitive domain T-scores, adjusting for age, showed that worse performance in visual-spatial memory tasks was associated with higher VT in the precuneus and the entire parietal cortex.

Conclusions

Higher α4β2-nAChR binding in posterior cortical regions is found in PD and associated with worse visual perception and memory, possibly due to lower receptor occupancy by endogenous acetylcholine.
Potential of glycerol as a bio-based wood adhesive
Authors: Lu Jianshu , Umeshita Tomofumi , Sakai Shunsuke , Matsuo-Ueda Miyuki , Ando Daisuke , Chen Shuoye , Umemura Kenji
Published: February 2025

The development of bio-based adhesives, to the extent possible without harmful chemicals derived from fossil resources, is very important for the sustainable use of wood-based materials. In this study, we investigated the possibility of glycerol as a bio-based adhesive by manufacturing wood-based moldings. The raw materials used were glycerol and wood powder of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). The moldings were manufactured under hot-pressed at 160–220 °C and 4 MPa for 10 min. The glycerol content varied from 0 to 30 wt%. Color differences in the resulting molding increased with increasing glycerol content and hot-press temperature, suggesting that chemical changes occur during hot pressing in the presence of glycerol. The best bending properties of the moldings were obtained under manufacturing conditions of 15 wt% glycerol and 220 °C. In the water resistance test using boiling water, weight gain and thickness swelling of moldings were inhibited with increasing glycerol content. The moldings manufactured at hot-press temperatures above 200 °C developed water resistance. Ether linkages were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results demonstrated that good adhesiveness is achieved by ether linkages resulting from the chemical reaction between glycerol and wood powder.
Oncologic oUTcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for obSTructive colon cAncer after steNt decompression (OUTSTAND trial); A study protocol of multicenter non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kye Bong-Hyeon , Kim Ji-Hoon , Kim Hyung-Jin , Lee Yoon-Suk , Lee In-Kyu , Kang Won Kyung , Cho Hyeon-Min , Park Jong-Kyung , Ahn Chang-Hyeok , Lee Jae-Im , Oh Seong-Taek , Choi Byung Jo
Published: February 2025

Background

For obstructive colon cancer, many studies have been conducted on the use of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery (BTS). However, there are currently no available prospective data on the impact of bridging period and there is a lack of research on the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy during the bridging period.

Objectives

Patients who undergo successful SEMS placement for obstructive left-sided colon adenocarcinoma without metastases will be eligible for this study.

Design

This study is a multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized (1:1), open-label, controlled trial.

Methods & analysis

The patients assigned to the control group will undergo curative surgery within two weeks after successful SEMS placement. The patients assigned to the experimental group will undergo three cycles of neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy within two weeks after successful SEMS placement. Curative surgery will be performed within four weeks of the last administration of neoadjuvant FOLFOX. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) will be collected at specific time points.

Discussion

The optimal time interval for SEMS placement as a BTS can significantly impact long-term oncologic outcomes. In this study, our goal is to identify the optimal time interval for SEMS placement as a BTS. Recently, there has been interest in applying neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer. In the context of early treatment for tumor dissemination following SEMS placement, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be beneficial for delayed surgery after SEMS placement as a BTS. The results of this trial will be an important reference for the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer. Additionally, researchers will investigate whether ctDNA can serve as a reliable indicator to guide decisions about the timing and type of subsequent treatment. Based on the results of this trial, a patient-tailored treatment strategy can be developed for obstructive colon cancer.

Registration

This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04889820, registered on May 17, 2021 in clinicaltrials.gov; Protocol ID: XC21MIDI0004.
I tweet, therefore I am: a systematic review on social media use and disorders of the social brain
Authors: Yang Nancy , Crespi Bernard
Published: February 2025

With rapid technological advances, social media has become an everyday form of human social interactions. For the first time in evolutionary history, people can now interact in virtual spaces where temporal, spatial, and embodied cues are decoupled from one another. What implications do these recent changes have for socio-cognitive phenotypes and mental disorders? We have conducted a systematic review on the relationships between social media use and mental disorders involving the social brain. The main findings indicate evidence of increased social media usage in individuals with psychotic spectrum phenotypes and especially among individuals with disorders characterized by alterations in the basic self, most notably narcissism, body dysmorphism, and eating disorders. These findings can be understood in the context of a new conceptual model, referred to here as ‘Delusion Amplification by Social Media’, whereby this suite of disorders and symptoms centrally involves forms of mentalistic delusions, linked with altered perception and perpetuation of distorted manifestations of the self, that are enabled and exacerbated by social media. In particular, an underdeveloped and incoherent sense of self, in conjunction with ‘real life’ social isolation that inhibits identify formation and facilitates virtual social interactions, may lead to use of social media to generate and maintain a more or less delusional sense of self identity. The delusions involved may be mental (as in narcissism and erotomania), or somatic (as in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders, encompassing either the entire body or specific body parts). In each case, the virtual nature of social media facilitates the delusionality because the self is defined and bolstered in this highly mentalistic environment, where real-life exposure of the delusion can be largely avoided. Current evidence also suggests that increased social media usage, via its disembodied and isolative nature, may be associated with psychotic spectrum phenotypes, especially delusionality, by the decoupling of inter and intra-corporeal cues integral to shared reality testing, leading to the blurring of self-other boundaries.
“I definitely cannot afford to be feeling poorly if there’s no need to be”: a qualitative evaluation of antiviral uptake following suspected occupational exposure to avian influenza
Authors: Pae Riinu , Findlater Lucy , Amlôt Richard , Capelastegui Fernando , Dabrera Gavin , Humphreys Clare , Kumbang Jharna , Oliver Isabel
Published: February 2025

Background

Growing numbers of people have been potentially exposed to avian influenza (AI), as the United Kingdom has managed the largest and most sustained series outbreaks in recent years. Antiviral medication is recommended for exposed individuals for chemoprophylaxis to reduce the severity of illness and the likelihood of secondary transmission. However, some individuals have been hesitant or declined antivirals. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors affecting the uptake of and adherence to antiviral medication.

Methods

We interviewed 14 individuals occupationally exposed to avian influenza and conducted focus groups with 15 public health professionals involved in advising and arranging antivirals. The data were analysed thematically based on COM-B factors (capability, opportunity, motivation).

Results

Although participants saw avian influenza as a severe disease, most did not consider themselves susceptible to it because they felt safe in personal protective equipment and knew that bird-to-human transmission was rare. The biggest barrier to uptake and adherence was experiencing side effects, especially if these disrupted day-to-day life or work. Participants who took antivirals followed medical advice in a novel situation, had health conditions or vulnerable family members they wanted to protect. As responding to an outbreak was exhausting, easy access to antivirals for those at most risk was considered important for improving uptake.

Conclusions

The factors affecting antiviral uptake were multifaceted. Public health interventions should prioritise those at most risk and address multiple components of behaviour, such as advising how to manage side effects, addressing concerns about long-term usage and providing convenient access to antivirals for those at most risk.
Continuous overnight monitoring of body temperature during embryo transfer cycles as a proxy for establishing progesterone fluctuations by comparison with P4 blood progesterone results: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Knowles T.G. , García-Velasco J.A. , Toribio M. , Garrido N. , Barrio Pedraza A.I. , Colomé Rakosnik C. , Salazar Vera A. , Milnes R.
Published: February 2025

Background

A prospective, observational study to identify relationships between body temperature and levels of peripheral P4 blood progesterone, and examine if these differ according to body temperature cycle pattern.

Methods

62 data points from 18 patients undergoing hormone assisted embryo transfer cycles at IVIRMA IVF clinics in Madrid, Mallorca and Malaga, Spain volunteered to use OvuSense, an intra-vaginal body temperature monitor. Primary outcome measures were OvuSense Raw and Smooth Temperature (ST) (°C), P4 (ng/ml). Secondary outcome measures: Ongoing Pregnancy, Miscarriage or biochemical pregnancy. Graphical time based comparison analyses and multilevel regression analyses using MLwiN 3.10 [Charlton C, Rasbash J, Browne WJ, Healy M, Cameron B. MlwiN Version 3.10. Centre for Multilevel Modelling. University of Bristol; 2024.] software were conducted.

Results

A graphical analysis showed an apparent relationship between P4 levels and Temperature taken on P4 blood draw day. A multilevel regression analysis using MLwiN 3.10 Centre for Multilevel Modelling. University of Bristol software investigated this relationship, allowing between-patient variation to be accounted for and estimated. This established a strong linear relationship between LnP4 and ST, and cross correlation was carried out which identified the optimum predictor of levels of LnP4 was ST measured on the day prior to blood sampling. Further graphical analyses showed an apparent lower luteal level of P4 for cycles flagged as atypical by OvuSense, and for negative outcomes, except on embryo transfer day.

Conclusions

The results provide extremely strong evidence of a linear relationship between LnP4 and Smooth Temperature (ST) measured the day before blood sampling (Z = 15.6, p < 0.0001, 2 sided). This suggests that ST could provide a less invasive, continuous, and more practical method of assessing P4 response. Secondary outcomes may be related to ST pattern established during an embryo transfer cycle. Further investigation is required to establish the value of the ST pattern for improving outcomes.
Multi-INTACT: integrative analysis of the genome, transcriptome, and proteome identifies causal mechanisms of complex traits
Authors: Okamoto Jeffrey , Yin Xianyong , Ryan Brady , Chiou Joshua , Luca Francesca , Pique-Regi Roger , Im Hae Kyung , Morrison Jean , Burant Charles , Fauman Eric B. , Laakso Markku , Boehnke Michael , Wen Xiaoquan
Published: February 2025

We present multi-integration of transcriptome-wide association studies and colocalization (Multi-INTACT), an algorithm that models multiple “gene products” (e.g., encoded RNA transcript and protein levels) to implicate causal genes and relevant gene products. In simulations, Multi-INTACT achieves higher power than existing methods, maintains calibrated false discovery rates, and detects the true causal gene product(s). We apply Multi-INTACT to GWAS on 1408 metabolites, integrating the GTEx expression and UK Biobank protein QTL datasets. Multi-INTACT infers 52 to 109% more metabolite causal genes than protein-alone or expression-alone analyses and indicates both gene products are relevant for most gene nominations.
Transcriptomic analysis of Rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes from female ticks infected with Babesia bovis or Babesia bigemina
Authors: Vimonish Rubikah , Capelli-Peixoto Janaina , Johnson Wendell , Kappmeyer Lowell , Saelao Perot , Taus Naomi , Chung Chungwon , Ueti Massaro
Published: February 2025

Background

Tick hemolymph is a sterile fluid that carries nutrients to maintain tick health. The hemolymph creates a hostile environment for invaders including the destruction of microorganisms by its circulating hemocytes. However, Babesia parasites escape and disseminate to other organs through the hemolymph to continue their transmission life cycle. Still, it is unknown how tick hemocytes respond to B. bovis or B. bigemina infection. In this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of hemocytes from female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks infected with Babesia parasites to understand how gene expression changes during parasite infection.

Methods

During Babesia acute infection, female R. microplus ticks were fed on bovines to acquire parasites. Engorged females were collected and incubated to develop Babesia kinetes in tick hemolymph. The hemolymph was examined to identify ticks that were highly infected with Babesia kinetes. Hemocyte cells were collected from replete female ticks infected with Babesia bovis or Babesia bigemina to perform high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis.

Results

This study identified major changes in the gene profile of tick hemocytes during Babesia infection. The main groups of hemocyte genes that were altered during Babesia infection were associated with metabolism, immunity, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Upregulated genes were mainly involved in defense mechanisms, while downregulated genes were related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the expression of hemocyte genes varied among Babesia species’ infections, and it reflected the changes that occurred in the tick’s physiology, including growth, reproduction, and skeletal muscle development.

Conclusions

The differential gene expression of R. microplus hemocytes revealed that genes highly regulated upon Babesia infection were related to metabolism, tick immunity, cell growth, apoptosis, development, metabolism, and reproduction. Additional research is necessary to further define the genes that exhibited varying expression levels in hemocytes during the infection. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding on how Babesia parasites survive in the hostile environment of ticks and perpetuate their transmission cycle, ultimately contributing to the spread of bovine babesiosis.

Graphical Abstract
AxiWorm: a new tool using YOLOv5 to test antiparasitic drugs against Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Sánchez-Montejo Javier , Marín Miguel , Villamizar-Monsalve María Alejandra , Vieira María del Carmen , Vicente Belén , Peláez Rafael , López-Abán Julio , Muro Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background-Objective

Trichinella spiralis drug development and control need an objective high throughput system to assess first stage larvae (L1) viability. YOLOv5 is an image recognition tool easily trained to count muscular first stage larvae (L1) and recognize morphological differences. Here we developed a semi-automated system based on YOLOv5 to capture photographs of 96 well microplates and use them for L1 count and morphological damage evaluation after experimental drug treatments.

Material and methods

Morphological properties were used to distinguish L1 from debris after pepsin muscle digestion and distinguish healthy (serpentine) or damaged (coiled) L1s after 72 h untreated or treated with albendazole or mebendazole cultures. An AxiDraw robotic arm with a smartphone was used to scan 96 well microplates and store photographs. Images of L1 were manually annotated, and augmented based on exposure, bounding, blur, noise, and mosaicism.

Results

A total of 1309 photographs were obtained that after L1 labeling and data augmentation gave 27478 images. The final dataset of 12571 healthy and 14907 affected L1s was used for training, testing, and validating in a ratio of 70/20/10 respectively. A correlation of 92% was found in a blinded comparison with bare-eye assessment by experienced technicians.

Conclusion

YOLOv5 is capable of accurately counting and distinguishing between healthy and affected L1s, thus improving the performance of the assessment of meat inspection and potential new drugs.

Graphical Abstract
Long-read 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing reveals microbial characteristics in patients with colorectal adenomas and carcinoma lesions in Egypt
Authors: El Leithy Asmaa A. , Youssef Amira Salah El-Din , Nassar Auhood , Aziz Ramy K. , Khaled Nadin M. , Mahrous Mina T. , Farahat Ghobrial N. , Mohamed Aya H. , Bakr Yasser Mabrouk
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality. During the past decade, the role of the gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in colorectal tumorigenesis has been emphasized. Metagenomics and amplicon-based microbiome profiling provided insights into the potential role of microbial dysbiosis in the development of CRC.

Aim

To address the scarcity of information on differential microbiome composition of tumor tissue in comparison to adenomas and the lack of such data from Egyptian patients with CRC.

Materials and methods

Long-read nanopore sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was used to profile the colonic microbiota from fresh colonoscopic biopsy samples of Egyptian patients with CRC and patients with colonic polyps.

Results

Species richness of CRC lesions was significantly higher than that in colonic polyps (p-value = 0.0078), while evenness of the CRC group was significantly lower than the colonic polyps group (p-value = 0.0055). Both species richness and Shannon diversity index of the late onset CRC samples were significantly higher than those of the early onset ones. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in the CRC group than in the colonic polyps group (p-value = 0.0054), and significantly higher in samples from early-onset CRC. The Enterococcus spp. were significantly overabundant in patients with rectal cancer and early-onset CRC, while Staphylococcus spp. were significantly higher in patients with sigmoid cancer and late-onset CRC. In addition, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly higher in CRC patients.

Conclusion

Differentiating trends were identified at phylum, genus, and species levels, despite the inter-individual differences. In summary, this study addressed the microbial dysbiosis associated with CRC and colonic polyps groups, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of early and late-onset CRC in Egyptian patients.
Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson’s disease: considerations for study design and data analysis
Authors: Schaffner Samantha L. , Tosefsky Kira N. , Inskter Amy M. , Appel-Cresswell Silke , Schulze-Hentrich Julia M.
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is more prevalent in men than women, and presents with different clinical features in each sex. Despite widespread recognition of these differences, females are under-represented in clinical and experimental studies of PD, and much remains to be elucidated regarding the biological underpinnings of sex differences in PD. In this review, we summarize known contributors to sex differences in PD etiology across the life course, with a focus on neurological development and gene regulation. Sex differences that are established at conception and heightened during adolescence and midlife may partially embed future PD risk, due to the complex interactions between gonadal hormones, gene regulation, lifestyle factors, and aging. While the neuroprotective properties of estrogen are strongly implicated in reduced prevalence of PD in women, interactions with genotype and gender-biased lifestyle factors are incompletely understood. Consideration of sex and gender-related factors in study design, data analysis, and interpretation have the power to expedite our knowledge of the etiology of PD in men and in women, and to inform prevention and therapeutic strategies tailored to each sex.
Establishing a radiomics model using contrast-enhanced ultrasound for preoperative prediction of neoplastic gallbladder polyps exceeding 10 mm
Authors: Jiang Dong , Qian Yi , Gu Yijun , Wang Ru , Yu Hua , Wang Zhenmeng , Dong Hui , Chen Dongyu , Chen Yan , Jiang Haozheng , Li Yiran
Published: February 2025

Background

A key challenge in the medical field is managing gallbladder polyps (GBP) > 10 mm, especially when their nature is uncertain. GBP with a diameter exceeding 10 mm are associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer, making the key to their management the differentiation between benign and malignant types. The current practice, due to the inability to predict accurately, leads to excessive surgeries and ineffective follow-ups, increasing patient risks and medical burdens.

Purpose

This study aims to establish an imaging radiomics model using clinical data and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to predict neoplastic GBP exceeding 10 mm in diameter preoperatively.

Materials and methods

Data from 119 patients with GBP > 10 mm of unknown origin were analyzed. A total of 1197 features were extracted from the GBP area using conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS. Significant features were identified using the Mann–Whitney U test and further refined with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to construct radiomic features. By integrating clinical characteristics, a radiomics nomogram was developed. The diagnostic efficacy of the preoperative logistic regression (LR) model was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. CEUS is an examination based on conventional ultrasound, and conventional two-dimensional ultrasound still poses significant challenges in differential diagnosis. CEUS has a high accuracy rate in diagnosing the benign or malignant nature of gallbladder space-occupying lesions, which can significantly reduce the preoperative waiting time for related examinations and provide more reliable diagnostic information for clinical practice.

Results

Feature selection via Lasso led to a final LR model incorporating high-density lipoprotein, smoking status, basal width, and Rad_Signature. This model, derived from machine learning frameworks including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with fivefold cross-validation, showed AUCs of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72–1.0) in internal validation. The model exhibited excellent calibration, confirmed by calibration graphs and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.551 and 0.544).

Conclusion

The LR model accurately predicts neoplastic GBP > 10 mm preoperatively. Radiomics with CEUS is a powerful tool for analysis of GBP > 10 mm. The model not only improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces healthcare costs but also optimizes patient management through personalized treatment plans, enhancing clinical outcomes and ensuring resources are more precisely allocated to patients who need surgery.
Exploring single cell microbial protein as a sustainable fishmeal alternative in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) diets: impacts on health and gut microbiome
Authors: Pilmer Luke , Woolley Lindsey , Lymbery Alan , Dam Chinh , Elizur Abigail , Foysal Md Javed , Partridge Gavin
Published: February 2025

Background

With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal, identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential. Single-cell protein (SCP), derived from methanotrophic bacteria, presents a promising alternative by converting methane into protein, potentially addressing both the need for alternative protein sources and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of SCP inclusion (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% fish meal replacement) on the health, gene expression, and gut microbiome of yellowtail kingfish (YTK, Seriola lalandi) following a 35-day growth trial.

Results

The study found that SCP inclusion at the highest level of fishmeal replacement (75%) induced a mild inflammatory response in the hindgut of the fish. However, micromorphological assessments of the hindgut, serum biochemistry, and gene expression analyses revealed no significant detrimental effects from SCP replacement. Notably, there were indications of improved lipid digestibility with SCP. Furthermore, SCP inclusion significantly enhanced microbial richness and altered the composition of the gut microbiome, introducing beneficial bacterial taxa that may contribute to improved gut health and resilience.

Conclusions

This study highlights SCP as a viable and sustainable alternative to fish meal in YTK diets. The findings suggest that SCP can be included in YTK diets without adverse health effects at moderate levels and may even offer benefits in terms of lipid digestibility and gut microbiome diversity. These results contribute to the advancement of more sustainable aquaculture practices.
Real-world study of phakic refractive lens for correction of high myopia
Authors: Pan An-Peng , Shao Xu , Li Yi-Ke , Li Zi-Yue , Yan Qiong , Sun Wei-Yang , Yu A-Yong
Published: February 2025

Background

To assess the safety and efficacy of phakic refractive lens (PRL) implantation for correcting high myopia, as well as an ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free (OVD-free) method for PRL implantation.

Methods

In this real-world prospective study, consecutive patients implanted with PRL in one or both eyes were enrolled. Based on the surgical techniques used, the eyes were divided into the OVD-free method group and the conventional method group. The patients were examined 2 h after surgery and were scheduled for follow-up at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), the manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), intraocular pressure (IOP) and lens vault were assessed postoperatively. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) was measured at the 3- and 12-month postoperative visits.

Results

Fifty-seven consecutive patients (108 eyes) were enrolled. At the 3-month postoperative visit, both mean UDVA and CDVA were significantly improved after PRL implantation (0.19 ± 0.21 and 0.01 ± 0.14 logMAR) with efficacy index and safety index of 0.92 and 1.30, respectively. None of the eyes had any loss of CDVA. The percentage of eyes within ± 0.50 D and ± 1.00 D of target refraction was 58% and 83%, respectively. Mean MRSE changed from − 14.49 ± 4.22 D, preoperatively, to − 1.22 ± 1.26 D at 1 day (P < 0.001) and remained stable thereafter. Mean endothelial cell loss was 11.3%, 9.6%, respectively, at 3 and 12 months, with no significant difference between the two follow-ups (P = 0.395). Fifty-nine eyes received the OVD-free method, and 49 eyes received the conventional method. The OVD-free method demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of early acute IOP elevations (28.8% vs. 53.1%, P = 0.022) compared to the conventional method. The difference of initial endothelial cell loss (9.4 ± 14.2% vs. 13.6 ± 14.6%) between the two groups trended toward significance (P = 0.056). In both groups, no other major complications were observed up to 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions

PRL implantation was a safe, efficient, predictable and stable method for correcting high myopia. The potential of lower incidence of early acute IOP elevations makes the OVD-free method a promising alternative to the conventional method.

Trail registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100043600. Registered on 23 February 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=122229
Influence of preoperative variables on the 3-month functional outcomes of the Vivity extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens: a prospective case series
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Galzignato Alice , Coutinho Catarina P. , Huang Jinhai , Wu Yue , Barboni Piero , Mendanha Dias João , Ribeiro Filomena J. , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico
Published: February 2025

Background

To investigate the functional results of the AcrySof IQ Vivity (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens (EDoF-IOL) and explore correlations between the preoperative biometric parameters and the postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods

In a prospective, single-center, non-randomized study, axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, scotopic and photopic pupil diameters, pupil decentration, corneal asphericity, corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), coma and spherical aberration were measured preoperatively. The EDoF-IOL was implanted bilaterally. Three months postoperatively, manifest refraction, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected visual acuity at 4 m, 66 cm and 40 cm, binocular defocus curve, binocular contrast sensitivity, halometry and Strehl ratio were measured. Visual disturbances and spectacle independence were assessed with McAlinden and IOLSAT questionnaires, respectively. Assuming a minimum Pearson r correlation coefficient between variables of 0.5 with a power of 80% and a P value less than 0.05, a minimum sample size of 29 (58 eyes) cases was required.

Results

Forty-three patients were enrolled. Binocular distance corrected visual acuity was lower than 0.1 logMAR for a defocus between + 1.0 and − 1.5 D. The mean values at 66 cm and 40 cm were − 0.07 ± 0.06 and 0.19 ± 0.13 logMAR, respectively. McAlinden’s questionnaire revealed mean scores close to zero for all questions. The IOLSAT questionnaire showed that spectacles were never used for distance and intermediate vision. Regression analysis did not disclose any significant correlation between the preoperatively measured variables and the postoperative outcomes, with a few exceptions: preoperative higher order corneal aberrations were correlated to halometry area (r2 = 0.2592, P = 0.0006) and the Q value to contrast sensitivity (r2 = 0.1717, P = 0.00574) under photopic conditions with glare at a spatial frequency of 18 cpd and without glare for all spatial frequencies (P < 0.01); it was also correlated to contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions without glare at a spatial frequency of 12 cpd (r2 = 0.2311, P = 0.0011).

Conclusions

In healthy unoperated eyes, the visual outcomes for this EDoF-IOL are independent of most of the patients’ preoperative parameters. Attention should be paid to preoperative corneal aberrations and asphericity, which did not lead to visual disturbances, but may be potential sources of halo and reduced contrast sensitivity.
Factors influencing academic staff satisfaction and continuous usage of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education
Authors: Baig Maria Ijaz , Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh
Published: February 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools hold significant promises for enhancing teaching and learning outcomes in higher education. However, continues usage behavior and satisfaction of educators with GenAI systems are still less explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors influencing academic staff satisfaction and continuous GenAI usage in higher education, employing a survey method and analyzing data using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This research utilized the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) as its theoretical foundations, while also integrating ethical concerns as a significant factor. Data was collected from a sample of 127 university academic staff through an online survey questionnaire. The study found a positive correlation between effort expectancy, ethical consideration, expectation confirmation, and academic staff satisfaction. However, performance expectancy did not show a positive correlation with satisfaction. Performance expectancy was positively related to the intention to use GenAI tools, while academic staff satisfaction positively influenced the intention to use GenAI. The social influence did not correlate positively with the use of GenAI. Security and privacy were positively associated with staff satisfaction. Facilitation conditions also positively influenced the intention to use GenAI. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for academia and policymakers, guiding the responsible integration of GenAI tools in education while emphasizing factors for policy considerations and developers of GenAI tools.
Collagen peptide protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from furfural stress for enhancing bioethanol synthesis
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Xia , Wang Bo , Liu Xian , Zhang Bo , Liao Xue-Pin
Published: February 2025

The efficient biosynthesis is important for the sustainable development of lignocellulosic ethanol industry, but it is limited by furfural stress produced with cellulose pretreatment. Collagen peptide (CP), as an affluent protein resource, considerably improved the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against furfural stress. When the furfural concentration was 2 g/L, the residual sugar concentration was reduced from 122.39 to 8.90 g/L, and the final ethanol yield increased from 30.69 to 87.27 g/L in the presence of CP. In addition, the ethanol yield in CP containing media was higher than those in other peptides. Transcriptome analysis showed CP can improve the expression of genes (FBA1, PDC1, PDC6, and ENO1) associated with glycolysis to promote sugar utilization, and enhance ethanol biosynthesis under furfural stress, which were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR. These results indicated that CP is a promising protectant and accelerator for bioethanol biosynthesis.

Graphical abstract
Zebrafish as a model for human epithelial pathology
Authors: Abu-Siniyeh Ahmed , Khataibeh Moayad , Al-Zyoud Walid , Al Holi Majed
Published: February 2025

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as an influential model for studying human epithelial pathology, particularly because of their genetic similarity to humans and their unique physiological traits. This review explores the structural and functional homology between zebrafish and human epithelial tissues in organs, such as the gastrointestinal system, liver, and kidneys. Zebrafish possess significant cellular and functional homology with mammals, which facilitates the investigation of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic kidney disease. The advantages of using zebrafish as a model organism include rapid external development, ease of genetic manipulation, and advanced imaging capabilities, allowing for the real-time observation of disease processes. However, limitations exist, particularly concerning the lack of organs in zebrafish and the potential for incomplete phenocopy of human conditions. Despite these challenges, ongoing research in adult zebrafish promises to enhance our understanding of the disease mechanisms and regenerative processes. By revealing the similarities and differences in epithelial cell function and disease pathways, this review highlights the value of zebrafish as a translational model for advancing our knowledge of human health and developing targeted therapies.
Animal models of hemorrhage, parameters, and development of hemostatic methods
Authors: Darya Gholamhossien , Mohammadi Hamid , Dehghan Zeinab , Nakhaei Alireza , Derakhshanfar Amin
Published: February 2025

Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and non-compressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrument-based hemostats.
Profile of Egyptian pediatrics with COVID-19: insights from healthcare providers in Egypt
Authors: Houchi Salma ZEl , Rady Hanaa I. , Iskander Iman , Hamid Tamer Abdel , Seddik Salma Abdelrehim , Hegazy Amira Aly , Aboushady Ahmed Taha , Eissa Mohamed , Hussein Sherine Khamis , Hanoura Dina , Aziz Miriam Magdy , Magdy Remon , ElAwady Heba Ahmed , Elmazzahy Esraa A.
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 global pandemic significantly impacted populations of all ages. While initially thought to affect adults predominantly, it became clear that children and adolescents were also susceptible to the virus's effects. This study aims to explore the epidemiological patterns, clinical features, laboratory and radiological characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in a group of Egyptian children (≤ 18 years).

Methods

This observational, cross-sectional study is based on a multicenter questionnaire sent to pediatricians managing COVID-19-infected children, through a convenient sampling approach. The clinical picture and investigations of 253 pediatric cases were included.

Results

Most cases (42%) occurred in children aged 3–10 years, and a slightly higher incidence in males. Eighty-two percent of the cases presented with fever; most patients had lymphopenia and elevated CRP, 59% and 74%, respectively. The most common CT chest finding (done for 85 patients) was a bilateral ground glass appearance, which appeared in almost 45% of the patients. The disease severity was higher in infants < 1 year. Severe and critical forms of the disease were significantly associated with high ferritin and d-dimer. The severity of the disease varied, with infants under one year of age having the highest percentage of severe and critical cases, with a 15% the mortality rate, when compared to other age groups.

Conclusion

COVID-19 has a wide clinical spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to severe and critical. In severe and critical cases, death was more common among those with elevated ferritin and d-dimer levels. Infants are more vulnerable to severe forms of the disease.
Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on wound healing, adhesions, and hemostasis after inferior turbinoplasty surgery
Authors: Ghallab Abdelhakim Fouad , Shendy Mohamed Fahmy , Kamel Samer Badie , Adam Mohamed Ali , Elnems Mohamed Goda
Published: February 2025

Background

Inferior turbinate enlargement is a prevalent cause of chronic nasal obstruction, often requiring surgical intervention when medical treatment fails. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been reported to mitigate post-operative complications following nasal surgeries. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRF on hemostasis, adhesions, crust formation, and mucosal healing post-turbinoplasty.

Results

Demographic characters showed no statistical differences in age (p = 0.62) or gender (p = 0.342), but the mean operative time was significantly shorter in the non-PRF group (22.80 ± 2.02) compared to the PRF group (p > 0.001). Early hemostasis and prevention of crustation were significantly better in the PRF group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.024, respectively). No significant difference was observed regarding adhesions between the groups (p = 1).

Conclusion

The PRF membrane is an affordable and easy method that acts as a protective layer, reducing crusting, ensuring hemostasis, promoting healing by shortening the period of recovery post inferior turbinoplasty and so improving the quality of life of the patients.
Effect of nano- and micro-polystyrene particles on small intestinal epithelial functions and enteric neuronal activity in vitro
Authors: Elfers Kristin , Benz Pascal , Burmester Marion , Hein Silja , Hansen Kathrin , Sieg Holger , Böhmert Linda , Paul Maxi B. , Mazzuoli-Weber Gemma
Published: February 2025

Based on their ubiquitous distribution in various ecosystems, plastic particles of different origin and sizes enter the (human) food chain, are ingested and reach the gastrointestinal tract, where they interact with the intestinal (epithelial) tissue. To a certain extent, they may enter or cross the intestinal epithelium, getting into contact with enteric neurons. Therefore, a potential risk for gastrointestinal health has been suggested. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of polystyrene particles of nano- (100 nm) and micro-size (1.0 μm), firstly, on intestinal epithelial electrophysiological processes using the Ussing chamber technique and, secondly, on enteric neuronal properties using neuroimaging on primary cultured enteric neurons. The results indicate a size-dependent impairment of epithelial integrity and electrogenic glucose transport upon particle application. Additionally, both sizes of particles induced a change in neuronal response parameters to nicotinergic stimulation after a 24 h incubation. Taken together, these results emphasise the potential of nano- and micro polystyrene particles to interact and affect intestinal epithelial as well as enteric neuronal functionality and stress the need for more detailed investigations of the effect of plastic particles present in the (human) diet on intestinal physiology and involvement of the enteric nervous system.