bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prazosin initiation and dose titration in a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder on concurrent carvedilol
Authors: Khaw Chelsea , Argo Tami
Published: September 2019

One mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increased noradrenergic stimulation. Prazosin, a commonly utilized treatment for PTSD nightmares, works to block noradrenergic stimulation of the alpha-1 adrenoreceptor. Dual antagonism of this receptor would be expected to increase risk of adverse effects. Carvedilol has both alpha-1 adrenergic and nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist activity. To our knowledge, there is no clinical guidance on use of prazosin in patients concomitantly prescribed carvedilol for hypertension. This case describes the successful titration of prazosin for PTSD symptoms in a 49-year-old male concurrently prescribed carvedilol for hypertension. This patient had a previous unsuccessful prazosin trial due to adverse effects. His second trial of prazosin was efficacious and well tolerated using individualized titration with close monitoring by mental health clinical pharmacy specialists in the pharmacist-managed prazosin titration clinic. This case details the importance of utilizing caution and close follow-up in prazosin dose titration in patients prescribed concomitant alpha-1 antagonists. This appears to be the first case report describing the successful dose titration of prazosin for PTSD in a patient on a concurrent alpha-1 antagonist antihypertensive agent.
Successful use of carbamazepine in a patient with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Bixby Alexandra L. , Goldsborough Sarah , Iuppa Aaron , LeBlanc Andrew , Schultz Heather E. , VandenBerg Amy
Published: September 2019

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a serious adverse drug reaction with a high mortality rate. Discontinuation of the causative agent is the primary treatment. History of DRESS may put patients at higher risk of future episodes; however, cross-reactivity between various medications is not well established. An 18-year-old African American male with a history of bipolar I disorder with psychotic features was admitted for mania on his home dose of divalproex. After 1 week, olanzapine was added for refractory symptoms, but due to elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), it was subsequently discontinued, and he was started on lorazepam and lithium. One week later, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with elevated CPK, fever, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, hypotension, diarrhea, mild rigidity, bilateral inducible ankle clonus, and a rash. All medications were discontinued except for lorazepam. The skin pathology report was consistent with a drug eruption, and he was started on prednisone. Given continued symptoms of mania, carbamazepine was initiated. After clinical and laboratory improvement, the patient was discharged on hospital day 59 with instructions to continue carbamazepine and lorazepam. A MEDLINE search revealed no published case reports of the successful use of carbamazepine in a patient with a history of DRESS. Information regarding cross-reactivity between medications is limited primarily to aromatic antiepileptics. In our case report, carbamazepine was successfully used in a patient with a recent episode of DRESS during olanzapine, lithium, and valproate use.
Soft Robotics Programmed with Double Crosslinking DNA Hydrogels
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Wang Chao , Yan Hao , Liu Yan
Published: September 2019

DNA nanotechnology is developed for decades to construct dynamic responsive systems in optics, quantum electronics, and therapeutics. While DNA nanotechnology is a powerful tool in nanomaterials, it is rare to see successful applications of DNA molecules in the macroscopic regime of material sciences. Here, a novel strategy to magnify the nanometer scale DNA self‐assembly into a macroscopic mechanical responsiveness is demonstrated. By incorporating molecularly engineered DNA sequences into a polymeric network, a new type of responsive hydrogel (D‐gel), whose overall morphology is dynamically controlled by DNA hybridization‐induced double crosslinking is able to be created. As a step toward manufacturing, the D‐gel in combination with a bottom‐up 3D printing technology is employed to rapidly create modular macroscopic structures that feature programmable reconfiguration and directional movement, which can even mimic the complex gestures of human hands. Mechanical operations such as catch and release are demonstrated by a proof‐of‐concept hydrogel palm, which possessed great promise for future engineering applications. Compared with previously developed DNA hydrogels, the D‐gel features an ease of synthesis, faster response, and a high degree of programmable control. Moreover, it is possible to scale up the production of D‐gel containing responsive devices through direct 3D printing.
Reservoir Computing Using Diffusive Memristors
Authors: Midya Rivu , Wang Zhongrui , Asapu Shiva , Zhang Xumeng , Rao Mingyi , Song Wenhao , Zhuo Ye , Upadhyay Navnidhi , Xia Qiangfei , Yang J. Joshua
Published: September 2019

Reservoir computing (RC) is a framework that can extract features from a temporal input into a higher‐dimension feature space. The reservoir is followed by a readout layer that can analyze the extracted features to accomplish tasks such as inference and classification. RC systems inherently exhibit an advantage, since the training is only performed at the readout layer, and therefore they are able to compute complicated temporal data with a low training cost. Herein, a physical reservoir computing system using diffusive memristor‐based reservoir and drift memristor‐based readout layer is experimentally implemented. The rich nonlinear dynamic behavior exhibited by a diffusive memristor due to Ag migration and the robust in situ training of drift memristor arrays makes the combined system ideal for temporal pattern classification. It is then demonstrated experimentally that the RC system can successfully identify handwritten digits from the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, achieving an accuracy of 83%.
Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Particles for Fabrication of Structural Color Materials toward Advanced Intelligent Systems
Authors: Zhang Heng , Bu Xiuming , Yip SenPo , Liang Xiaoguang , Ho Johnny C.
Published: September 2019

Inspired by the intelligent systems in nature, artificial systems with complicated practical functions have been developed for decades. The pathway toward the target is now based on the discoveries for new stimuli‐responsive and free‐standing materials to construct the advanced intelligent systems, instead of just electronic machines. Structural color materials, including both photonic crystalline and amorphous structures, are typical candidates due to the smart biomimetic characteristics, such as self‐healing, autonomous regulation, and on‐demand adaptability. However, to improve the stability and simplify the fabrication process of such materials, great efforts have been made in the modification of colloidal self‐assembly techniques for more efficient real‐life applications. A comprehensive review investigating various direct self‐assembly techniques of colloids for the facile fabrication of structural color materials toward practical applications is provided. Recent advances of these self‐assembly schemes of colloidal particles are presented, along with valuable design guidelines of these techniques to achieve efficient structural color materials for advanced intelligent systems.
Disclosing Interfaces of ZnO Nanocrystals Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Sol‐Gel versus Organometallic Approach
Authors: Lee Daniel , Wolska‐Pietkiewicz Małgorzata , Badoni Saumya , Grala Agnieszka , Lewiński Janusz , De Paëpe Gaël
Published: September 2019

The unambiguous characterization of the coordination chemistry of nanocrystal surfaces produced by wet‐chemical synthesis presently remains highly challenging. Here, zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) coated by monoanionic diphenyl phosphate (DPP) ligands were derived by a sol‐gel process and a one‐pot self‐supporting organometallic (OSSOM) procedure. Atomic‐scale characterization through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP‐)enhanced solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy has notably enabled resolving their vastly different surface‐ligand interfaces. For the OSSOM‐derived NCs, DPP moieties form stable and strongly‐anchored μ2‐ and μ3‐bridging‐ligand pairs that are resistant to competitive ligand exchange. The sol‐gel‐derived NCs contain a wide variety of coordination modes of DPP ligands and a ligand exchange process takes place between DPP and glycerol molecules. This highlights the power of DNP‐enhanced ssNMR for detailed NC surface analysis and of the OSSOM approach for the preparation of ZnO NCs.
Eine allgemeine Methode zur Hydroaminomethylierung von Alkenen und Alkinen
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Tona Veronica , Gonçalves Carlos R. , Shaaban Saad , Oppedisano Alberto , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2019

Im Vergleich zur vielbeschriebenen metallkatalysierten Hydroaminierung hat die Hydroaminomethylierung, trotz ihres Potenzials in der Aminsynthese, in der Literatur bedeutend weniger Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Gängige Methoden zur Hydroaminomethylierung von Alkenen benötigen Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren und ermöglichen diese Reaktion nur unter speziellen und wohlkontrollierten Bedingungen. Diese Arbeit stellt einen allgemeinen, säurevermittelten Zugang zu Hydroaminomethylierungsreaktionen von nicht‐aktivierten Alkenen und Alkinen vor. Die Verwendung günstiger, leicht erhältlicher und stabiler Reagenzien, sowie die breite Substratpalette und ausgezeichnete Regioselektivität machen diese Reaktion zu einer attraktiven alternativen Aminsynthese.
Diastereodivergent Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and β‐Fluoroalkyl Vinylsulfones: Low Copper(II) Catalyst Loading and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Cheng Feng , Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Zhao Zhen‐Ni , Yang Xing , Zhao Yan , Schneider Uwe , Shibata Norio , Huang Yi‐Yong
Published: September 2019

A CuII‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition using β‐fluoroalkyl alkenyl arylsulfones as dipolarophiles and glycine/alanine iminoesters as azomethine ylide precursors has been developed. Remarkably, a catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol % is highly efficient. Accordingly, a wide range of enantioenriched 3‐fluoroalkyl pyrrolidines, as well as Δ2‐pyrroline and pyrrole derivatives, are generated in good to excellent yields with high asymmetric induction. This synthetic approach is diastereodivergent in that exo‐adducts could be converted into the corresponding exo′‐adducts by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene mediated epimerization at C2 of the pyrrolidine core. The free‐energy profiles from DFT calculations suggest the Michael addition of the 1,3‐dipole to be the rate‐ and enantiodetermining step, and the origin of stereoselectivity is studied by means of the noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis.
Effects of Mo2C loading and H2S concentration on Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst applied in sulfur‐resistant methanation
Authors: Wang Baowei , Wang Chengyu , Yu Wenxian
Published: September 2019

Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by the impregnation method with urotropine and ammonium paramolybdate. The catalytic effect of Mo2C as a typical transition‐metal carbide in sulfur‐resistant methanation was studied. The catalysts prepared were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, and Raman spectra, with the results confirming the formation of β‐molybdenum carbide on the surface of the catalysts. Studies on catalysts with different loading doses indicate that the optimal loading of Mo2C/Al2O3 is about 15 wt.%, which enables CO conversion rate of up to 47%, with methane selectivity of up to 53%. This work further explored the effect of different concentrations of H2S in the raw gas on the performance of the catalyst, with the results showing that high concentration of H2S (>1500 ppm) can lead to sulfuration of active species on the catalyst, while resulting in a decrease in the catalytic activity.
Synthesis and evaluation of an environment‐friendly terpolymer CaCO3scale inhibitor for oilfield produced water with better salt and temperature resistance
Authors: Cui Kaixiang , Li Chuanxian , Yao Bo , Yang Fei , Sun Guangyu
Published: September 2019

The CaCO3deposits exist widely in the petroleum industry, causing severe damage to the equipment and production. In this article, a novel environment‐friendly terpolymer scale inhibitor Poly (maleic anhydride ‐ acrylic acid ‐2‐ acrylamide ‐2‐ methyl propanesulfonic acid) (P(MA‐AA‐AMPS))‐containing carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, and amide group was synthesized. The structure and molecular weight were characterized by FTIR,1H‐NMR, and GPC. The static scale inhibition experiment was conducted to study the influence of factors such as the dosage, monomer ratio, temperature, pH, Ca2+concentration, andconcentration on the scale inhibition performance of CaCO3. The results show that when the monomer ratio is 2.0:1.0:0.5 and the dosage is 20 mg L−1, the maximum scale inhibition efficiency is 95.52%. Even when Ca2+concentration exceeds 1200 mg L−1and temperature reaches 90 °C, the scale inhibition efficiency is still larger than 80%. The results of SEM and XRD show that P(MA‐AA‐AMPS) interferes with the growth of CaCO3crystal by adsorption, dispersion, and chelation. The effect leads to changes in the morphology of CaCO3crystals, the size of which drops from 20–30 μm to 2–5 μm. The P(MA‐AA‐AMPS) can transform CaCO3from stable calcite crystals to unstable aragonite and vaterite. Finally, the formation of CaCO3scale is well inhibited. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48460.
Redox control of vascular biology
Authors: Obradovic Milan , Essack Magbubah , Zafirovic Sonja , Sudar‐Milovanovic Emina , Bajic Vladan P. , Van Neste Christophe , Trpkovic Andreja , Stanimirovic Julijana , Bajic Vladimir B. , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: September 2019

Redox control is lost when the antioxidant defense system cannot remove abnormally high concentrations of signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronically elevated levels of ROS cause oxidative stress that may eventually lead to cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on redox effects in the vascular system. We pay close attention to the subcompartments of the vascular system (endothelium, smooth muscle cell layer) and give an overview of how redox changes influence those different compartments. We also review the core aspects of redox biology, cardiovascular physiology, and pathophysiology. Moreover, the topic‐specific knowledgebase DES‐RedoxVasc was used to develop two case studies, one focused on endothelial cells and the other on the vascular smooth muscle cells, as a starting point to possibly extend our knowledge of redox control in vascular biology.
Recent advances in heme biocatalysis engineering
Authors: Schmitz Lisa Marie , Rosenthal Katrin , Lütz Stephan
Published: September 2019

Heme enzymes have the potential to be widely used as biocatalysts due to their capability to perform a vast variety of oxidation reactions. In spite of their versatility, the application of heme enzymes was long time‐limited for the industry due to their low activity and stability in large scale processes. The identification of novel natural biocatalysts and recent advances in protein engineering have led to new reactions with a high application potential. The latest creation of a serine‐ligated mutant of BM3 showed an efficient transfer of reactive carbenes into C═C bonds of olefins reaching total turnover numbers of more than 60,000 and product titers of up to 27 g/L−1. This prominent example shows that heme enzymes are becoming competitive to chemical syntheses while being already advantageous in terms of high yield, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Advances in reactor concepts and the influencing parameters on reaction performance are also under investigation resulting in improved productivities and increased stability of the heme biocatalytic systems. In this mini review, we briefly present the latest advancements in the field of heme enzymes towards increased reaction scope and applicability.
Solvent‐Ratio Dependency of Polymorphism of Silver(I) Complexes Containing 1,2,3‐Tris(Isoniconitoyloxy)Benzene
Authors: Jeong Hyun Chul , Noh Tae Hwan
Published: September 2019

Self‐assembly of AgClO4 with 1,2,3‐tris(isonicotinoyloxy)benzene (L) in a mixture of ethanol and acetone in a 1:1 volume ratio in refrigerator afforded concomitantly two kinds of thin‐ and block‐shaped colorless crystals consisting of {[Ag(L)]ClO4·0.5CH3CH2OH}
n and {[Ag(L)]ClO4·0.5CH3CH2OH·2Me2CO}
n, respectively, in a 3:2 ratio. By contrast, self‐assembly at room temperature yielded thin crystals exclusively. At 5 °C, in particular, the self‐assembly in 3:1 and 1:2 ethanol/acetone solutions yielded thin‐ and block‐shaped crystals, respectively, suggesting that discrimination of the two products can be controlled by the solvent volume ratio and crystallization temperature. The products' crystal structures and physicochemical properties were fully characterized by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurement, thermal analysis, and infrared (IR) data.
Looking from the outside: No substitute for rigorous evaluation
Authors: Duggan Conor
Published: September 2019

Looking in from the outside, what would the ordinary person expect of forensic mental health services? I suggest that there are three questions he or she would ask: (a) Are there public health measures that can be introduced to prevent those with mental disorder going on to commit crimes? (b) Can we identify in advance the individual who is likely to go on and commit a violent act because of his or her mental health difficulties, and prevent that or limit damage? (c) If a seriously harmful act has already been committed, what interventions might prevent a repetition? All of these questions are about prevention of an untoward event in the future and anticipate knowledge. How secure can we be that current forensic mental health practitioners can make adequately evidenced responses? I fear that examination of current literature would indicate that they and their academic colleagues would fall short of these expectations. Reasons for this are undoubtedly numerous. The issues are complex, with the interplay of many variables from the vagaries of human nature through varying presentations of disorders, still often classified rather than diagnosed, to widely differing environments which, further, may suddenly change in a critical way. The impact of a serious offence can be so catastrophic that officialdom often decides that “something must be done.” Yet, without a good evidence base, such decision‐making is often ineffective and wasteful of resources. The limited evidence base has not been helped by the virtual extinction of an academic forensic psychiatry infrastructure and funding within British universities and the National Health Service. This does not bode well for the future.
Pregnancy and transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a severely stenotic Freestyle full aortic root stentless bioprosthesis
Authors: Zhong Chuyang , Rokey Roxann , Rolak Stacey , Mesa Juan
Published: September 2019

Symptomatic degenerative prosthetic aortic valve stenosis during pregnancy represents a significant risk to both mother and fetus, and until recently, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) during pregnancy was often the only choice for women opting to continue pregnancy. However, symptomatic severe stenosis in a pregnant woman with a degenerated full aortic root Freestyle stentless bioprosthesis (FSB) and reimplanted coronary arteries presents additional complexities that require an alternative surgical approach. In this case report, we describe the first successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in SAVR for a severely stenotic degenerative FSB in a pregnant woman and subsequent delivery of a healthy infant several months later. TAVR in SAVR of a severely stenotic aortic FSB should be considered as a surgical option in symptomatic pregnant women. Short‐term and long‐term implications for future pregnancy should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team and with the patient.
Amorphous Oxide Nanostructures for Advanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Leigang , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2019

Amorphous oxides have attracted special attention as advanced electrocatalysts owing to their unique local structural flexibility and attractive electrocatalytic properties. With abundant randomly oriented bonds and surface‐exposed defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies) as active catalytic sites, the adsorption/desorption of reactants can be optimized, leading to superior catalytic activities. Amorphous oxide materials have found wide electrocatalytic applications ranging from hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution to oxygen reduction, CO2 electroreduction and nitrogen electroreduction. The amorphous oxide electrocatalysts even outperform their crystalline counterparts in terms of electrocatalytic activity and stability. Despite of the merits and achievements for amorphous oxide electrocatalysts, there are still issues and challenges existing for amorphous oxide electrocatalysts. There are rarely reviews specifically focusing on amorphous oxide electrocatalysts and therefore it is imperative to have a comprehensive overview of the research progress and to better understand the achievements and issues with amorphous oxide electrocatalysts. In this minireview, several general preparation methods for amorphous oxides are first introduced. Then, the achievements in amorphous oxides for several important electrocatalytic reactions are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the development of amorphous oxide electrocatalysts are outlined.
Chemical Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotide (ASL of tRNALysT. brucei) Containing a Recently Discovered Cyclic Form of 2‐Methylthio‐N6‐threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2ct6A)
Authors: Debiec Katarzyna , Matuszewski Michal , Podskoczyj Karolina , Leszczynska Grazyna , Sochacka Elzbieta
Published: September 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Elzbieta Sochacka and co‐workers at Lodz University of Technology, Poland. The image depicted the manual chemical synthesis of tRNA fragment containing hypermodified cyclic 2‐methylthio‐N6‐threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2ct6A). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201902411.
Glycine Substitution Effects on the Supramolecular Morphology and Rigidity of Cell‐Adhesive Amphiphilic Peptides
Authors: Ishida Atsuya , Watanabe Go , Oshikawa Mio , Ajioka Itsuki , Muraoka Takahiro
Published: September 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Takahiro Muraoka at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology and collaborators. The image depicts bundled nanofiber formation by self‐assembly of a β‐sheet‐forming an amphiphilic peptide with a central glycine substitution. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201902083.
Eplerenone in patients with myocardial infarction and “mid‐range” ejection fraction: An analysis from the EPHESUS trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Rossello Xavier , Pitt Bertram , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez
Published: September 2019

Background

Trials using mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in myocardial infraction (MI) without heart failure (HF) or systolic impairment have been underpowered to assess morbidity‐mortality benefit. In EPHESUS 6632 patients were included, of whom 11% had an ejection fraction (EF) of 40% and HF or diabetes. We aim to assess the potential benefit of MRAs in MI with EF of 40%.

Methods

Cox models with interaction term for EF. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons.

Hypothesis

Patients with an EF of 40% benefit similarly from MRA therapy to those with an EF <40%.

Results

In EPHESUS, 753 patients had an EF = 40% and 5864 an EF < 40%. Patients with an EF = 40% were younger (63 vs 64 years), had lower heart rate (73 vs 75 bpm), less atrial fibrillation (10% vs 14%), previous MI (21% vs 28%), HF hospitalization (5% vs 8%), and had more often reperfusion therapy and/or revascularization (55% vs 44%). The mean EF was 40.0 ± 0.3% in those with EF = 40% vs 32.2 ± 5.9% in those with EF < 40%. The primary outcome occurred in 13.3% (10 events per 100 py) of the patients with EF = 40% vs 22.9% (19 events per 100 py) in those with EF < 40%; adjusted HR for EF = 40% vs <40% = 0.65 (0.53‐0.81). Eplerenone reduced the event‐rate homogenously regardless of EF (interaction
p EF = 40% vs EF < 40% = 0.21). Similar findings were observed for cardiovascular and all‐cause death.

Conclusion

Eplerenone reduces hospitalizations and mortality in patients with MI and EF = 40% similarly to patients with EF < 40%. These findings suggest that MI patients with EF in the “mid‐range zone” may also benefit from MRA therapy which might help clinicians in their treatment decisions.
Outcome of catheter ablation of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Willy Kevin , Dechering Dirk G. , Wasmer Kristina , Köbe Julia , Bögeholz Nils , Ellermann Christian , Leitz Patrick , Reinke Florian , Frommeyer Gerrit , Eckardt Lars
Published: September 2019

Background

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of not sufficiently understood origin. Some patients develop cardiac involvement in course of the disease which is mostly responsible for adverse outcome. In addition to complications like high degree atrioventricular (AV) block or ventricular tachyarrhythmias, there is a certain percentage of patients developing atrial tachyarrhythmias. Data is limited and the role of catheter ablation uncertain. Therefore, we studied sarcoid patients who presented with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Hypothesis

Treatment and ablation of supraventricular tachycardia could be hampered by inflammation in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Methods

We enrolled 37 consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis who presented with atrial tachyarrhythmias and underwent an electrophysiologic study over a period of 6 years (03/2013‐04/2019). In total, 16 catheter ablations for atrial tachyarrhythmias were performed. Mean follow‐up duration was 2.5 years.

Results

Most common ablation performed was cavo‐tricuspid isthmus ablation for typical atrial flutter in seven patients (54%). Pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) was performed in five patients (38%). Two patients received slow‐pathway modulation for treatment of recurrent atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). All but two patients with AF had no clinical recurrence during follow‐up. Two patients had recurrence of AF but still reported markedly improved european heart rhythm association (EHRA) class. Periprocedural safety was very high. There were no adverse events related to the ablation procedure. One patient died during follow‐up in the presence of electrical storm.

Conclusion

Catheter ablations of supraventricular tachycardias seem to be safe and effective in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Outcome is comparable to patients without inflammatory heart disease, although data from larger patient collectives are mandatory to make recommendations in this special entity.
Electron‐Rich π‐Extended Diindolotriazatruxene‐Based Chemosensors with Highly Selective and Rapid Responses to Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Li Xiangchun , Wang Chunyu , Song Wan , Meng Cheng , Zuo Chao , Xue Yibo , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei
Published: September 2019

A series of electron‐rich π‐extended diindolotriazatruxene‐based compounds DIT, 4Py‐DIT (bearing pyrene units) and 4PyF‐DIT (bearing fluorene units) have been explored and investigated as fluorescence chemosensors. Quantitative analysis through fluorescence titrations showed that the resulting DIT molecules exhibited highly selective response to electron‐deficient nitroaromatic explosives. The calculated Stern‐Volmer quenching constants (>4.0×103 M−1) revealed that these sensors were much more sensitive in solution compared to most of the existing small‐molecule fluorescence chemosensors based on pyrene, triphenylene, triphenylamine, and triazatruxene skeletons. Fluorescence quenching showed that the sensors adsorbed on paper were sensitive to explosives in the solid, solution, and vapor phases, with fast response times of about 10 s. Moreover, these chemosensors are reusable for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds as they recover their fluorescence intensity after quenching.
N‐Glycan Analysis by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Fluorescent Labeling
Authors: Hanić Maja , Lauc Gordan , Trbojević‐Akmačić Irena
Published: September 2019

Glycans are a class of macromolecules essential for all forms of life. They embellish various proteins and other macromolecules in organisms and are responsible for their proper functioning. Because their complex structure is determined by genetic and environmental factors, analysis of such molecules is rather demanding. Liquid chromatography (high‐performance and ultra‐performance, HPLC and UPLC, respectively) analysis has been used for the purpose of glycoprofiling for years and it is a well‐established method regarding its robustness, reproducibility, and high throughput. Another orthogonal method that is now used in glycoprofiling is capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) because it offers powerful separation and distinct sensitivity. The purpose of the following protocols is to present all steps required for release and fluorescent labeling of total N‐glycans from blood plasma/serum or isolated glycoprotein (for example, IgG) and their subsequent UPLC or CGE analysis. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Raspberry‐Like Microspheres of Core–Shell Cr2O3@TiO2 Nanoparticles for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Xia Fang , Maroto‐Valer M. Mercedes
Published: September 2019

To promote the interaction of p–n semiconductors, raspberry‐like microspheres of core–shell Cr2O3@TiO2 nanoparticles have been fabricated through a five‐step process. Raman spectroscopy of products calcined at various temperatures reveal that the titania shell causes crystal distortion of the Cr2O3 core, without changing the microstructures of the fabricated core–shell microspheres. In situ and time‐resolved synchrotron‐based powder XRD reveals the formation of monoclinic TiO2 in the fourth step, but these monoclinic TiO2 nanocrystals undergo a phase transition when the applied calcination temperature is above 550 °C. As a result, TiO2(B), a magnéli phase of Ti4O7 and Cr2Ti6O15 compounds, resulting from inner doping between Cr2O3 and TiO2, is formed. The close interaction of Cr2O3 and TiO2 forms a p–n junction that decreases the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, leading to enhanced production of CH4 by photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Neuroprotective effects of clavulanic acid following permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats
Authors: Ghanbarabadi Mustafa , Falanji Farahnaz , Rad Abolfazl , Chazani Sharahi Nafiseh , Amoueian Sakineh , Amin Mohamadreza , Molavi Mehdi , Amin Bahareh
Published: September 2019

We investigated whether clavulanic acid could improve learning and memory, in rats underwent bilateral occlusion of common carotid artery (2VO). Seventy male Wistar rats were subjected to 2VO, with a 1‐week interval between right and left artery occlusions. After 2VO, animals received clavulanic acid (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), from day 8 to 20. Spatial memory was assessed in the Morris water maze, 1 week after the induction of 2VO (day 15). The mRNA expression levels of bcl‐2, bcl2‐associated x protein (bax), caspase‐3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) were measured in the neocortex and hippocampus. Clavulanic acid significantly decreased the escape latency and swimming time in the training trial days. As well, it increased time and distance percentage in the target quadrant, while it decreased such factors in the opposite quadrant in the final trial day, compared to 2VO + normal saline animals. Real time‐PCR data showed a significant higher mRNA expression of bax, caspase 3, and iNOS in the hippocampus and neocortex of 2VO animal compared to nonoccluded rats. APP increased in the neocortex but not hippocampus. Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down‐regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio. Our results reveal a potential therapeutic use of clavulanic acid for cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease.
Molybdenum Iodides – from Obscurity to Bright Luminescence
Authors: Mikhaylov Maxim A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: September 2019

This review is dedicated to the chemistry of Mo iodides. These compounds have a humble origin, and for a long time their chemistry has been almost completely neglected. Although important work on mononuclear and dinuclear Mo iodide complexes was done in 1980–1990s, the situation has dramatically changed within the last decade. The finding that the octahedral Mo iodide clusters are superb long‐lived red emitters has triggered numerous publications, not only dealing with various aspects of chemistry of these compounds, but also with their prospects in biomedical, analyitical and other applications. This review comprehensively covers all the developments in the chemistry of Mo iodides from the beginning up to the present.
Amine‐Functionalized Spin Crossover Building Blocks
Authors: Flötotto Henrik , Secker Tim , Kögerler Paul , Besson Claire
Published: September 2019

Bistable spin crossover complexes such as [Fe{HB(pz)3}2] (pzH = pyrazole) show promise for sensor applications and electrically‐controlled data storage units, but exploiting their potential hinges on their integration into a functional environment. We here present a system enabling such covalent post‐functionalization steps in both symmetric and asymmetric patterns, based on the amine‐functionalized complex [Fe{HB(4‐NH2pz)(pz)2}2], obtained by reduction of the nitro analogue. The building block aspects of [Fe{HB(4‐NH2pz)(pz)2}2] are showcased by its transformation into amide, imine and azo derivatives, which are structurally and magnetically characterized. All tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes retain the spin crossover properties of their parent compound, with spin crossover temperatures ranging from 350 to 430 K. The transition parameters are correlated with the electronic properties of the functionalizing group, opening the possibility of fine‐tuning the spin crossover properties of the building block as it is integrated in the environment of choice.
Effect of Tethered, Axial Thioether Coordination on Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Silyl‐Hydrogen Insertion
Authors: Sheffield William , Abshire Anthony , Darko Ampofo
Published: September 2019

The effect of tethering a thioether to a rhodium(II) paddlewheel complex are evaluated in Si–H insertion reactions. This study provides further evidence for the benefits of incorporating thioethers into the rhodium paddlewheel motif. When using a tethered complex, the in situ carbenoid formation and subsequent Si–H insertion are not impeded, yields are improved by up to 12 % at elevated temperatures, and selectivity for diazo compounds is greater when compared to non‐tethered catalysts. Computational modelling of the complexes is also presented in order to rationalize the results.
Rapid and comprehensive evaluation of microalgal fatty acids via untargeted gas chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Morschett Holger , Gätgens Jochem , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco
Published: September 2019

Due to their high triacylglyceride content, microalgae are intensively investigated for bio‐economy and food applications. However, lipid analysis is a laborious task incorporating extraction, transesterification and typically gas chromatographic measurement. Co‐elution induces a significant risk of fatty acid misidentification and thus, additional purification steps like thin layer chromatography are needed. Contrary to database matching approaches, solely targeted analysis is facilitated as compound identification is driven by matching retention times or indices with standard substances. In this context, a rapid workflow for the analysis of algal fatty acids is presented. In‐situ transesterification was used to simplify sample preparation and conditions were optimized towards fast processing. If results are needed at the very day of sampling, direct processing without a preceding drying step is feasible to obtain a rough estimate about the occurrence of the major compounds. Coupling gas chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry enables untargeted analysis. Unknown compounds may be identified by structural reconstruction of their respective fragmentation patterns and by database matching to routinely avoid mismatches by co‐elution of disturbing agents. The developed workflow was successfully applied to derive the exact stereochemistry of all fatty acids from Chlorella vulgaris and a systematic shift depending on physiological state of the cells was confirmed.
Drying of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Use in High‐Energy Cells: Influence of Electrode Thickness on Drying Time, Adhesion, and Crack Formation
Authors: Kumberg Jana , Müller Marcus , Diehm Ralf , Spiegel Sandro , Wachsmann Christian , Bauer Werner , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: September 2019

When fabricating battery electrodes, their properties are strongly determined by the adjusted drying parameters. This does not only affect their microstructure in terms of adhesion, but also influences cell performance. The reason is found to be the binder transported to the surface during drying. Herein, it is shown that when thicker electrodes are processed, new challenges arise. On the one hand, loss of adhesion associated with certain drying conditions becomes a more serious problem; on the other hand, cracking occurs at a certain drying rate and with increasing electrode thickness.
One Step Synthesis of Tertiary Co‐doped Graphene Electrocatalyst Using Microalgae Synechococcus elangatus for Applying in Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Sadegh Hassani S. , Ziaedini A. , Samiee L. , Dehghani M. , Mashayekhi M. , Faramarzi M. A.
Published: September 2019

In this work, heteroatom‐doped porous graphene was synthesized by pyrolysis method using microalgae Synechococcus elangatus as a biomass resource. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption‐desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized samples was investigated for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evaluated using microbial fuel cell (MFC).

The results revealed that the catalytic activity of the prepared sample including N, S and P atoms on porous graphene (PG) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.%. According to the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements, the onset potential of optimal sample (0.97 V versus RHE) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.% (0.99 V versus RHE). Furthermore, the stability test demonstrated much better tolerance to the methanol crossover effects for the optimal sample in comparison to the Pt/C 20 wt.%.

Moreover, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) test showed that the cell potential of the optimal sample is close to Pt/C 2 wt.%, and represented a high peak power density of 31.5 mW m−2, which is comparable to the Pt/C 20wt.% (38.6 mW m−2) cathodes, because of synergistic effect of N, S and P co‐doped carbon structure, which leads to improvement in catalytic activity.
Thrombocytopenia and Procedural Prophylaxis in the Era of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists
Authors: Nilles Kathy M. , Caldwell Stephen H. , Flamm Steven L.
Published: September 2019

Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with advanced liver disease. These patients frequently require invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in the setting of thrombocytopenia. A common platelet goal before such procedures is ≥50,000/μL, but target levels vary by provider and the procedure. Platelet transfusion has disadvantages, including safety and cost. No other short‐term options for ameliorating thrombocytopenia before procedures were available until the thrombopoietin receptor agonists were recently approved. Avatrombopag and lusutrombopag can be used in certain patients with thrombocytopenia due to advanced liver disease undergoing elective invasive procedures; these new agents are highly effective in carefully selected patients, and real world data of safety and efficacy are awaited.
Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species
Authors: Shaughnessy Kevin H.
Published: September 2019

Palladium catalysts have become central to modern organic synthesis, particularly in the context of cross‐coupling reactions to form C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. The development of highly efficient catalyst systems has seen a transition from the use of in situ‐generated catalysts derived from a ligand source and palladium precursor to the use of preformed palladium‐ligand complexes that can efficiently generate the active species. The design of these systems has focused on optimizing the generation of the LPd(0) species presumed to be the active catalysts with most state‐of‐the‐art ligand systems. This review will highlight the development of Pd(0), Pd(I), and Pd(II) precatalysts that efficiently generate LPd(0) active species with a focus on their activation mechanisms and applications in catalysis.
Assessment of the scale‐up of cervical cancer screening in Abidjan stratified by HIV status
Authors: Boni Simon , Tchounga Boris , Comoe Kouassi , Guie Privat , Adié Mesmin , Horo Apollinaire , Messou Eugène , Ekouévi Didier K. , Dabis François , Adoubi Innocent , Jaquet Antoine
Published: September 2019

Objective

To report the successes and challenges of scaling up a population‐based cervical cancer (CC) screening program from HIV clinics to various healthcare facilities in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Method

A retrospective analysis of characteristics, outcomes, and follow‐up of women attending an initial CC screening visit in Abidjan between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected via forms that were systematically completed during CC screening visits. Data from the 2014 population census were used to estimate screening coverage.

Results

Among 16 169 women attending an initial CC screening, 1616 (10.0%) had a positive VIA test. Among 848 women eligible for immediate cryotherapy, 618 (72.9%) underwent the “see‐and‐treat” approach. The 1‐year follow‐up rate after cryotherapy was 23.1% (143/618), and was higher among women with HIV (111/362, 30.7%) than among other women (32/256, 12.5%) (P=0.001). The estimated coverage of CC screening in Abidjan was 1.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.6–3.1).

Conclusion

Despite successful expansion of CC screening from HIV clinics to other facilities, the estimated screening coverage of the targeted population remained low. Follow‐up of positively screened and treated women is a major challenge, especially outside HIV clinics, and would benefit from an innovative information system proving unique identification and tracking systems.
Neurosurgical brain tumor detection based on intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging technique: A case report of glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Xin‐Rui , Hsiao Tien‐Yu , Li Yun‐Qian , Chiu Kai‐Shih , Huang Chun‐Jung , Li Shan‐Ji , Lin Ching Po , Zhao Gang , Sun Chia‐Wei
Published: September 2019

The delineation of brain tumor margins has been a challenging objective in neurosurgery for decades. Despite the development of various preoperative imaging techniques, the current methodology is still insufficient for clinical practice. We present an intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging system for brain tumor surgery and establish a data processing procedure model to localize tumors. From the experimental result of a glioblastoma patient, we observe a relative small oscillation of ΔHbD in tumor region and speculate that vessels in tumor region have poor ability to provide oxygen. We applied the same data processing procedure on the second time data and proclaimed a successful surgery. Figure: Merged ΔHbD image captured prior and posterior to tumor removal.
Cardiac Diffusion: Technique and Practical Applications
Authors: Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Scott Andrew , Ferreira Pedro , Khalique Zohya , Pennell Dudley , Firmin David
Published: September 2019

The 3D microarchitecture of the cardiac muscle underlies the mechanical and electrical properties of the heart. Cardiomyocytes are arranged helically through the depth of the wall, and their shortening leads to macroscopic torsion, twist, and shortening during cardiac contraction. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes are organized in sheetlets separated by shear layers, which reorientate, slip, and shear during macroscopic left ventricle (LV) wall thickening. Cardiac diffusion provides a means for noninvasive interrogation of the 3D microarchitecture of the myocardium. The fundamental principle of MR diffusion is that an MRI signal is attenuated by the self‐diffusion of water in the presence of large diffusion‐encoding gradients. Since water molecules are constrained by the boundaries in biological tissue (cell membranes, collagen layers, etc.), depicting their diffusion behavior elucidates the shape of the myocardial microarchitecture they are embedded in. Cardiac diffusion therefore provides a noninvasive means to understand not only the dynamic changes in cardiac microstructure of healthy myocardium during cardiac contraction but also the pathophysiological changes in the presence of disease. This unique and innovative technology offers tremendous potential to enable improved clinical diagnosis through novel microstructural and functional assessment. in vivo cardiac diffusion methods are immediately translatable to patients, opening new avenues for diagnostic investigation and treatment evaluation in a range of clinically important cardiac pathologies. This review article describes the 3D microstructure of the LV, explains in vivo and ex vivo cardiac MR diffusion acquisition and postprocessing techniques, as well as clinical applications to date.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:348–368.