bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good Practices in Language Education
Authors: Welp Anamaria Kurtz de Souza , Sarmento Simone , Selbach Helena Vitalina , Ramos Dêner da Silva
Published: January 2021

Inscribed in the scope of Applied Linguistics, this paper reports on the creation process of Bem Legal Journal and discusses its role as a formative space for pre and in-service language teachers. We present the theoretical framework which underpins the publication, providing an outline of the development of the journal since its onset: its objective, conception, and organization. Throughout a quali/quantitative analysis of the issues comprising eight years of publications, from 2011 (the launching of the journal) to 2019, we present an overview of Bem Legal’s publications. The analysis corroborates the need for spaces for language teachers to share their pedagogical practices and experiences and gives evidence to the benefits these spaces bring to all agents of language education.
English as a second language in its different contexts of study
Authors: Becker Lopes Perna Cristina , Jéssica Antunes Aline , Schneider Santos Camille
Published: January 2021

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Editorial
Authors: Müller-Wood Anja , Finnigan Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Editorial for Vol. 2, issue 1 (2013).
There is no psychological limit on the duration of metrical lines in performance: Against Turner and Pöppel
Authors: Fabb Nigel
Published: January 2021

Frederick Turner and Ernst Pöppel (1983) proposed that lines of metrical poetry tend to measure three seconds or less when performed aloud, and that the metrical line is fitted to a three second ‘auditory present’ in the brain. In this paper I show that there are faults both in their original argument, and in the claims which underlie it. I present new data, based on the measurement of line durations in publicly available recorded performances of 54 metrical poems; in this corpus, lines of performed metrical verse are often longer than three seconds: 59% of the 1155 lines are longer than 3 seconds, 40% longer than 3.5 seconds and 26% longer than 4 seconds. On the basis of weaknesses in the original paper, and the new data presented here, I propose, against Turner and Pöppel, that there is no evidence that lines of verse are constrained by a time-limited psychological capacity.
Do You Read Me? Metaphor as a Pathway to the Conceptualisation of Literary Identity
Authors: Vaeßen Julia , Lothmann Timo
Published: January 2021

Establishing coherent identity patterns for literary characters in novels is a difficult task. In this respect, we assume that readers rely on pre-stored cultural models in order to construct mental models of the text content, including character identity. By significantly extending the approach by Van Dijk and Kintsch and going beyond the related accounts of Schneider and of Culpeper, we aim to clarify the constitutive role of conceptual metaphor as proposed by Lakoff et al. in processes of literary identity construction. The analysis of a corpus of three contemporary novels supports our claim that conceptual metaphors and the mapping of domains involved interact with cultural models and connect text phenomena to such prior knowledge structures. On this basis, we provide an integrated model of literary identity construction which acknowledges the constitutive value of conceptual metaphors in literary identity construction.
Fraud and Fairy Tales: Storytelling and Linguistic Indexicals in Scam E-mails
Authors: Hiß Florian
Published: January 2021

Most of us receive numerous spam e-mails, texts that in one or the other way try to convince us to engage in the transaction of enormous sums of money, promising enormous benefits. In reality, such scam e-mails are fraudulent attempts to swindle money from unsuspecting Internet users. Language, its social contexts, and the composition of texts play a crucial role in the scammers’ strategies to approach their victims. This article uncovers and discusses some of the linguistic strategies by which scammers try to shape a sense of identity and mutual relationship – in the face of virtual anonymity –, and to involve their readers personally. In their attempts to get the recipients involved, scammers combine cultural indexicals, interactional roles, and narrative strategies. The analysis distinguishes three different narrative strategies in scam e-mails: Based on first, second, and third person stories, scammers establish links with the recipients by combining fictional content with real-world contexts. Some of the narratives display quite elaborate and artful traits and involve prototypical functions of traditional fairy tales. Hereby they implicitly connect the story content with the interactional roles of e-mail communication.
Fictional Dialogue and the Construction of Interaction in Rosa Liksom’s Short Stories
Authors: Koivisto Aino , Nykänen Elise
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the dynamics of fictional dialogue in three short stories by the Finnish author Rosa Liksom. These stories are constructed almost entirely of dialogue, with minimal involvement on the part of the narrator. We adopt two different approaches to dialogue. First, we analyze dialogue from a micro level, as interaction between the characters within the storyworlds, then from a more holistic perspective, paying attention to how dialogue contributes to the rhetorical structure and ethical interpretation of the stories. We show that resorting mainly to dialogue as a narrative mode works as a way of depicting tensions between Liksom’s characters, and between them and the surrounding fictional world. This, in turn, engages the reader in an interpretative process to understand the story’s logic both within the fictional worlds and on the level of communication between the implied author and the authorial audience.
Introduction: Literary Texts and their Translations as an Object of Research
Authors: Kolehmainen Leena , Penttilä Esa , Van Poucke Piet
Published: January 2021

This special issue of the International Journal of Literary Linguistics offers seven state-of-the-art contributions on the current linguistic study of literary translation. Although the articles are based on similar data – literary source texts and their translations – they focus on diverse aspects of literary translation, study a range of linguistic phenomena and utilize different methodologies. In other words, it is an important goal of this special issue to illuminate the current diversity of possible approaches in the linguistic study of translated literary texts within the discipline of translation studies. At the same time, new theoretical and empirical insights are opened to the study of the linguistic phenomena chosen by the authors of the articles and their representation or use in literary texts and translations. The analyzed features range from neologisms to the category of passive and from spoken language features to the representation of speech and multilingualism in writing. Therefore, the articles in this issue are not only relevant for the study of literary translation or translation theory in general, but also for the disciplines of linguistics and literary studies – or most importantly, for the cross-disciplinary co-operation between these three fields of study.The common theme that all these articles share is how the translation process shapes, transfers and changes the linguistic properties of literary texts as compared to their sources texts, other translations or non-translated literary texts in the same language and how this question can be approached in research. All articles provide new information about the forces that direct and affect translators’ textual choices and the previously formulated hypotheses about the functioning of such forces. The articles illustrate how translators may perform differently from authors and how  translators’ and authors’ norms may diverge at different times and in different cultures. The question of how translation affects the linguistic properties of literary translations is approached from the viewpoint of previously proposed claims or hypotheses about translation. In the following, we will introduce these viewpoints for readers who are not familiar with the recent developments in translation studies. At the same time, we will shortly present the articles in this issue.
Death to Neologisms: Domestication in the English Retranslations of Thomas Mann’s Der Tod in Venedig
Authors: Prinzl Marlies Gabriele
Published: January 2021

Thomas Mann’s Der Tod in Venedig (1912) owes much of its fame in English to a translation from 1928 by Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter. The novella however has in fact been translated many times – first by Burke (1924, with a revised edition following in 1970), and, after Lowe-Porter, by Luke (1988), Koelb (1994), Appelbaum (1995), Neugroschel (1998), Chase (1999), Heim (2004), Doege (2007) and Hansen & Hansen (2012). Most of these versions are neither known to readers nor discussed in academic literature. This paper, which comes as part of a larger study on linguistic creativity in Der Tod in Venedig, focuses on the use of neologisms by Mann and what happens to them in (re)translation. Relying on a digital corpus composed of the complete set of English retranslations and a corpus-based methodology, the paper argues that, despite the extended time period between the publications and different translation conditions, neologisms are treated uniformly by the translators. Mann’s coinages are nearly always obliterated  through normalisation and, if preserved, demonstrate less creativity overall than in the ST, raising questions about the Retranslation Hypothesis (RH) which proposes that early TT versions tend to domesticate while later ones increasingly foreignise.
Authenticity, Boundaries, and Hybridity: Translating “Migrant and Minority Literature” from Swedish into Finnish
Authors: Määttä Simo
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the representation of linguistic variation in the Finnish translations of four Swedish coming-of-age stories depicting migrant or minority perspectives: Mikael Niemi’s 2000 Popular Music from Vittula, Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s 2003 Ett öga rött, Marjaneh Bakhtiari’s 2005 Kalla det vad fan du vill, and Susanna Alakoski’s 2006 Svinalängorna. Through an analysis of speech and thought representation techniques and focalization, the article explores the role played by literature and translation in the materialization of dialects and sociolects as bounded entities. The paper argues that linguistic and social hybridity, on which the reception of minority and migrant literatures often focuses, is accompanied by the reification of new varieties conceived as authentic expressions of migrant and minority experience. Literature and translation are active agents in such processes, which are largely based on cultural, discursive, and cognitive constraints that condition the interpretation of each text.
Of Gaps and Holes and Silence: Some Remarks on Elliptic Speech and Pseudo-Orality in James Joyce’s Short Story “The Sisters”
Authors: Vanderbeke Dirk , Gast Volker , Wehmeier Christian
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses aspects of direct speech in James Joyce’s story “The Sisters”. The story is often analyzed with special attention to the gaps and ellipses in the utterances, which are usually read as omissions, evasions, or uncomfortable silences, and thus as indicative of some transgressive behaviour of the dead priest who is at the centre of the dialogues. In this article we explore the hypothesis that the utterances in question show features that are quite common in natural spoken language and thus may also be read as literary techniques to create authentic oral discourse. This hypothesis is not intended to invalidate previous interpretations, but to introduce an additional aspect of interpretation that has been neglected so far. In the context of a literary work, features of natural spoken language acquire new meaning, and the very attempt to narrow the gap between literary and natural spoken language appears as inauthentic, ominous and as an artistic strategy to express the unspeakable. The story thus evokes suspicion and a feeling of eeriness while also offering narrative and linguistic information that allows for a more empathic assessment of the characters. We use quantitative methods of analysis and linguistic data from corpora of (authentic) spoken language to substantiate our hypothesis. As “The Sisters” is a rather short story and the present study is, in several respects, exploratory, our claims and hypotheses need to be confirmed and validated by more exhaustive research into Joyce’s major works.
Fictional Creature Pronominalization – The Use of He/She/It in Reference to Zombies, Vampires, Fairies, and Trolls in Guillermo del Toro’s Literary Work
Authors: Flores Ohlson Linda
Published: January 2021

In this paper pronominalization is analyzed in reference to the fictional creatures in the literary work of Guillermo del Toro’ in order to study whether the choice of pronoun serves the function of expressing attitudes towards fictional creatures, such as zombies and vampires, in a way that makes the contexts and the characters’ subjective perceptions the dominant factors and consequently puts aside the semantic or grammatical status of the referent. The paper also investigates whether inanimate pronouns (it/its, which), are used in association with detached appraisal, callousness and dehumanization, and whether personal pronouns (he/his, she/her, and who/whom) are used with attachment, closeness and humanization. These two categories of pronouns (personal and inanimate) are normally distinct, i.e., in most contexts they cannot be used interchangeably. The study of the characteristics of fictional creature pronominalization can shed light on how we use pronouns in order to create creatures that exist only in our imagination, and how a variety of different attitudes towards them is expressed through this specific linguistic tool. In relation to del Toro’s zombies and vampires, it can be argued that the pronominalization serves a certain purpose in order to dehumanize them, differentiate the dead vampire/zombies from the living humans, and to point out the before and the after of the transition between life and death. The pronominalization in reference to fairies, although complicated and not completely consistent, shows a clear tendency towards a correlation between animal–like creatures and inanimate pronouns. In regards to del Toro’s trolls, the pronominalization follows a more consistent pattern, which clearly serves the function of expressing different kinds of attitudes towards the creatures such as detached appraisal and dehumanization, on the one hand, and friendship and alliance, on the other.
‘He just isn’t my Frost’: Television adaptation of R.D. Wingfield’s Jack Frost.
Authors: Statham Simon
Published: January 2021

Abstract

This article presents an analysis of the police television series A Touch of Frost (Yorkshire Television, 1992) and the crime novels of Rodney Wingfield upon which it is based. In analysing characterisation of the protagonist of each version, Inspector Jack Frost, data is drawn from the pilot episode of the series and Wingfield’s debut novel Frost at Christmas (1984). Wingfield was less than impressed with television’s version of Frost, stating, ‘He just isn’t my Frost’. Given that a core motivation for stylistics is to ‘support initial impressions in various extracts’ readings’ and to ‘describe the readers’ response with some precision’ (Gregoriou, 2007:19), this article offers a linguistic explanation for the response of an author to the adaptation of his own work. The famously reticent Wingfield did not elaborate in detail on why he disapproved of the television version of Frost, although several critics contended that Wingfield felt television had ‘softened’ his creation. This article will analyse each version in terms of the elements of narrative outlined by Simpson and Montgomery (1995) and will in turn suggest an elaboration of this model by integrating frameworks for the analysis of impoliteness (Culpeper, 1996; 2010), examining pragmatic elements of Frost’s dialogue. In investigating whether television’s Jack Frost is ‘softer’ than the character envisaged by Wingfield free direct speech and accompanying physical behaviour in novel and television adaptation are analysed, focussing on whether the perceived softness of the latter has been partly achieved by making the speech of Frost less impolite on television.

Keywords

Adaptation, characterisation, A Touch of Frost, Frost at Christmas, impoliteness, free direct speech, dialogue, television drama, crime fiction
Actuotaphonomic model of the mollusk fauna of Laguna de Mandinga, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Gío-Argáez F. Raúl , Gómez-Espinosa Catalina , Romero Saraí
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The taphonomic attributes of a faunal assemblage provide information about which agents affect both, the distribution and preservation of ancient or newly-formed biogenic materials, during their depositional and post-depositional processes.

Thus, actuotaphonomy is a valuable tool to the reconstruction of fossil communities, as it establishes analogies between observable processes in the present and those that happened in the past.

Objective:The taphonomic attributes of a marginal marine environment were analyzed, in order to assess the origin of fragmentation, bioerosion and incrustation processes and the role of these characteristics in the deterioration of current sediment accumulations of mollusks (gastropods and bivalves), to generate an actuotaphonomic model that could be applyable to analogous ecosystems to Laguna de Mandinga (Mandinga Lagoon), in Veracruz, Mexico.

Methods: The material came from a shell-remain accumulation called "El Conchal". A batch of 1,697.9 g was processed, selecting 1,165 complete specimens, of which 5 genera of bivalves and 4 genera of gastropods were identified. Results: The taphonomic analysis showed that fragmentation and bioerosion have a medium attribute, which may be due to energy, constant rework and exhumation of the remains at the lagoon's water-sediment interface; three biogeneous agents were identified: Entobia isp, Oichnus and Caulostrepsi, being Caulostrepsi the less abundant. The incrustation showed of poor degree since the ecosystem intrinsic conditions did not allow many encrusting organisms to grow properly, however, these organisms are represented by calcareous tubes of serpulid polychaetes, bryozoans with calcareous skeleton and barnacles.
Caracterización de los ácidos grasos y actividad antimicrobiana del extracto en metanol de Holothuria princeps (Holothuriida: Holothuriidae)
Authors: Quiroz Lobo Yeinner , Santafé Patiño Gilmar , Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge A.
Published: January 2021

Introducción: En las últimas décadas los estudios relacionados con la búsqueda y caracterización de moléculas bioactivas en organismos marinos han aumentado de una manera exponencial, lo que demuestra la enorme riqueza de metabolitos secundarios de diversa composición estructural que no pueden ser encontrados en organismos presentes en el medio terrestre. Estas nuevas moléculas halladas poseen numerosas actividades biológicas que ayudan a resolver muchos problemas que ha tenido el hombre a lo largo de su existencia, lo que las convierte en productos de gran importancia para la humanidad. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es la identificación de los ácidos grasos presentes en el pepino de mar Holothuria princeps recolectado en costas del Caribe colombiano, además del análisis de las actividades antibacterianas y antifúngicas de su extracto metanólico frente a cepas de referencia y aislados clínicos. Métodos: Del material biológico recolectado se realizó una extracción metanólica usando el método de maceración en frío. El extracto obtenido se fraccionó usando cromatografía en columna y se lograron obtener los ácidos grasos, los cuales fueron derivatizados e identificados por medio de cromatografía de gases en acople con espectrometría de masas. La actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica del extracto metanólico de Holothuria princeps se realizó a través del método de microdilución. Resultados: Los resultados arrojaron la identificación de 16 ácidos grasos presentes en Holothuria princeps de acuerdo con el análisis de sus espectros de masas. La actividad antibacteriana mostró que Enterococcus faecalis fue la bacteria más susceptible al efecto del extracto a bajas concentraciones, mientras que a las más altas lo fue Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A nivel general en el tratamiento antifúngico, el hongo que presentó una mayor inhibición fue el aislado clínico de Candida albicans (muestra de sangre). Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta estudios previos en organismos del mismo género, se puede considerar en cuanto a los ácidos grasos identificados, que el entorno juega un papel fundamental en la presencia y composición de estos compuestos. La evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana contra cepas de referencia de Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Enterococcus faecalis, demostró la existencia de un efecto considerable en la reducción del crecimiento bacteriano por parte de los extractos utilizados, principalmente a bajas concentraciones (menos de 1 000 ppm). En cuanto a la actividad antifúngica frente a la cepa de referencia de Candida albicans y a los aislados clínicos de Candida albicans (muestra de sangre) y Candida krusei (muestra de catéter), el extracto mostró que los mejores resultados se presentaron concentraciones por encima de 1 500 ppm.
Urbanization, habitat extension and spatial pattern, threaten a Costa Rican endemic bird
Authors: Muñoz Pablo , García-Rodríguez Adri´án , Sandoval Luis
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The migration of people from rural environments to cities has accelerated urbanization. This has modified the landscape as well as the ecological processes and communities in these areas. The Costa Rican endemic Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow (Melozone cabanisi) is a species of limited distribution restricted to the Gran Area Metropolitana, which is the biggest urban settlement of the country. This area has experimented and still experiment an ongoing fragmentation and loss of habitat of the areas used by this species (i.e., coffee plantations, shrubs, and thickets). Objective: Determine the effects of urbanization on habitat abundance and spatial pattern for the occurrence of the Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow. Methods: We modeled the area of potentially suitable habitat for the Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow in Costa Rica using occurrence and bioclimatic data. Then, we estimated the actual suitable habitat using the potentially suitable habitat and land cover type layers. Finally, we analyzed the connectivity among the actual suitable habitat patches using single-patch and multi-patch approaches. Results: From the area of potentially suitable habitat estimated by the bioclimatic model, 74  % were urban areas that are unsuitable for Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow. The largest suitable patches within urban areas were coffee plantations; which also were crucial for maintaining connectivity between habitat patches along the species’ range. Conclusions: To preserve and protect the endemic Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow these areas must be taken into consideration by decision-makers in the present and future management plans. We recommend avoiding change shrubs and thickets to urban cover to preserve the occurrence of the endemic Cabanis´s Ground-Sparrow, and implement a program for the payment of environmental services to landholders, supported by the local governments, to protect those habitats in urban contexts.  Finally, this is a tool that will help to detect which habitats within heavily urbanized areas are the most important to ensure different species conservation.
Ecología funcional de las comunidades de algas perifíticas de la Reserva La Planada, en el Chocó Biogeográfico colombiano
Authors: Guerrero Lizarazo Mayra Camila , Pinilla-Agudelo Gabriel , Estrada Galindo Ingrid Julieth
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El conocimiento de las comunidades perifíticas es importante, dada su participación en la producción primaria de los ambientes fluviales; además, el perifiton es una valiosa comunidad bioindicadora. No obstante, hasta la fecha es poco lo que se conoce sobre la ecología funcional de esta comunidad en los ríos colombianos. Objetivo: En este trabajo se buscó caracterizar algunos aspectos funcionales de la comunidad de ficoperifiton de cuatro sistemas lóticos de la Reserva Natural La Planada, ubicada en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Métodos: Durante mayo de 2019, en cada río se establecieron entre uno y tres sitios de muestreo, en los cuales se midieron las características hidrológicas y fisicoquímicas y se determinó la composición taxonómica y algunos rasgos funcionales de las comunidades de algas perifíticas. Se calcularon la media ponderada comunitaria (MPC) y la varianza ponderada comunitaria (VPC) de estos rasgos y se exploró su relación con las variables abióticas mediante regresiones, correlaciones y análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC). Resultados: Se registraron 59 géneros de algas, de los cuales a 47 se les midieron los rasgos funcionales. La MPC del rasgo exoesqueleto silíceo fue estadísticamente mayor en la quebrada El Tejón. La MPC y la VPC de los demás rasgos no varió entre ríos, pero en algunos de ellos la presencia de mucílago y la organización en filamentos tendió a ser mayor. La amplia fluctuación de la VPC de todos los rasgos funcionales parece señalar que estas comunidades ficoperifíticas no tienen limitaciones de recursos, la competencia es reducida y las especies tienden a ser funcionalmente diferentes. Las variables ambientales con mayor influencia fueron el caudal, la mineralización del agua, el pH y la transparencia. La presencia de mucílago se asoció con la dureza del agua y el predominio de algas filamentosas con la transparencia; el pH influyó positivamente la relación superficie/volumen (S/V). Conclusiones: Este estudio constituye una línea base que permitirá evaluar cambios en las comunidades de algas bentónicas ante posibles intervenciones y brindar pautas para eventuales acciones de restauración de los sistemas fluviales de esta región de importancia mundial por su elevada biodiversidad.
Perspectives on sustainable management of the Poso Lake (Indonesia) endemic ricefish, Oryzias nigrimas (Actinopterygii: Adrianichthyidae)
Authors: Serdiati Novalina , Arfiati Diana , Sri Widodo Maheno , Lelono Tri Djoko , Ndobe Samliok , Mansyur Kasim , Moore Abigail Mary
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The endemic fishes of the ancient lakes of Sulawesi are under increasing threat. Objective: To evaluate the data and information available from a holistic management perspective and to formulate measures to conserve the endemic ricefish Oryzias nigrimas in Poso Lake, Indonesia. Methods: Collection of primary data from three stations around Lake Poso and literature study. Results: Threats to O. nigrimas include habitat degradation and loss, introduced alien species, and exploitation as a locally important food fish. Options to promote sustainable fisheries management include spatial and temporal limitations to minimise catch of gravid or brooding fish. Habitat protection should include measures to minimise impacts from activities which can reduce water quality and disturb or kill aquatic vegetation. Conclusion: Measures to prevent further O. nigrimas population decline are considered urgent and further research is recommended to fill identified knowledge gaps. Ex-situ conservation, including the development of captive breeding, could also contribute to a holistic O. nigrimas conservation strategy.
Macrofauna del suelo y condiciones edafoclimáticas en un gradiente altitudinal de zonas cafeteras, Huila, Colombia
Authors: Machado Cuellar Leidy , Rodríguez Suárez Leonardo , Murcia Torrejano Valentín , Orduz Tovar Sergio Andrés , Ordoñez Espinosa Claudia Mercedes , Suárez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La macrofauna del suelo cumple un rol clave en los procesos del suelo, por lo tanto, regula la oferta se servicios ecosistémicos; sin embargo, su nivel de actividad depende en gran parte de las condiciones edafoclimáticas. Objetivo: El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto del gradiente de altitud sobre comunidades de macrofauna del suelo y propiedades edafoclimáticas en zonas cafeteras del Norte del Huila. Métodos: El estudio incluyó 12 lotes de café separados en dos gradientes de altitud: bajo (1 300-1 600 m.s.n.m) y alto (1 600-1 900 m.s.n.m), se recolectó la macrofauna del suelo mediante monolitos (25 x 25 cm a 30 cm de profundidad) y se estudiaron las condiciones edafoclimáticas. Resultados: En total se registró 9 520 individuos m-2 y una riqueza específica de 14 táxones. Las condiciones edafoclimáticas con mayor diferencia estadística entre los gradientes de altitud, fue la temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa con diferencias de 4.9 °C y 10.4 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La mayor abundancia de Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera y Lepidoptera se presentó en sitios más cálidos, es decir a un gradiente de altitud entre 1 300-1 600 m.s.n.m, mientras que Chilopoda y Diplopoda se adaptaron mejor a sitios más fríos en el gradiente altitudinal entre 1 600-1 900 m.s.n.m.
Characterization and cytotoxic activity on glial cells of alkaloid-enriched extracts from pods of the plants Prosopis flexuosa and Prosopis nigra (Fabaceae)
Authors: Cholich Luciana Andrea , Pistán María Elena , Torres Ana María , Ortega Hugo Héctor , Gardner Dale R. , Bustillo Soledad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prosopis spp. pods have shown to be a potential source of protein and energy in livestock. However, prolonged ingestion of some of these species produces neurological symptoms in ruminants. Objective: In the present study, the alkaloid content and the in vitro neurotoxic activity of alkaloid enriched-extracts from P. flexuosa and P. nigra pods were determined in order to elucidate the mechanism of animal poisoning caused by these species.  Methods: The main alkaloids present in both extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). The cytotoxic activity of Prosopis alkaloid enriched-extracts in primary mixed glial cell culture was assessed by phase contrast microscopy and using neutral red, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays. Results: Juliprosine and juliprosopine were identified in P. flexuosa pods, while the absence of these alkaloids in P. nigra was confirmed. Both extracts (5-30 μg/mL) induced in a dose dependent manner, morphological alterations, such as swelling, enlargement and detachment from the culture surface. Consistent with this, decrease in cell viability and release of LDH 48 hours after exposure, revealed that P. flexuosa pods was significantly more cytotoxic than P. nigra. Conclusions: The present study suggest that the cytotoxic effect displayed by both extracts are due to the alkaloid content. However, the presence of the alkaloids juliprosine and juliprosopine in P. flexuosa could explain the greater cytotoxicity on glial cells with respect to P. nigra that was not shown to contain these alkaloids.
Klasyczna koncepcja postępu w ujęciu Roberta Spaemanna
Authors: Kożuchowski Józef
Published: January 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane aspekty klasycznej koncepcji postępu w rozumieniu Roberta Spaemanna. Koncepcję tę wybitny niemiecki myśliciel rozwijał w dyskusji z innymi wizjami postępu, takimi jak modernizm, naturalizm, marksizm, transhumanizm. Wspólna jest dla nich nowożytna idea, zgodnie z którą ciągle wzmagająca się naukowa dominacja nad naturą i wskutek tego również nad człowiekiem oznacza postęp. Taka jednak wizja stoi w sprzeczności z właściwym sensem postępu. Jest on realizowany wówczas, gdy dokonuje się w harmonii z teleologiczną naturą bytów.Wedle wspomnianych wizji postęp jest procesem koniecznym i nieskończonym. Szczególną zaś rolę w określaniu jego dynamiki odgrywa współczesne przyrodoznawstwo z charakterystyczną dla niego tendencją progresywnej instrumentalizacji natury. Spaemann słusznie poddaje ją krytyce. O tym, czy rzeczywiście dokonuje się postęp, rozstrzygają odpowiednie jego kryteria. Wśród nich filozof wskazuje i rozwija kryteria metafizyczne, etyczne (zarówno w ich negatywnym, jak i pozytywnym brzmieniu) oraz teologiczne. Jego zdaniem postęp zakłada moralnie dobre ulepszenia i sytuuje bytowanie człowieka w perspektywie nadziei, motywującej nieprzerwanie do doskonalenia siebie i świata. W artykule podjęto również próbę określenia aktualności, specyfiki i oryginalności analiz niemieckiego myśliciela.
Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Nørholm Morten , Callewaert Staf
Published: January 2021

Abstract

 

Med udgangspunkt i især habitus-begrebet og praktikteorien handler denne artikel om Pierre Bourdieus teorier og arbejde, den historie og samtid som betingede arbejdet, en teoretisk positionering af arbejdet, herunder den måde alt dette er blevet modtaget, ikke kun af dem der anser at arbejdet er frugtbart at arbejde med eller lade sig inspirere af, men desuden af dem som mener at arbejdet er misforstået, inkonsistent eller uanvendeligt af den ene eller anden grund.

Overskrifterne i artiklen signalerer den måde hvorpå indholdet præsenteres:

1. Sociologiske konsekvenser af en biografi

2. Bourdieus position på det filosofiske og det sociologiske område

3. Forfatterskabet i korte træk

4. Den sociale verden og kundskaben om denne verden

4.a. Den spontane hverdagsbevidsthed og de hjemmelavede teorier

4.b. Videnskab som brud med den umiddelbare oplevelse

4.c Videnskabeliggørelsen af den praktiske sans?

4.d. Videnskaben som brud med videnskaben

4.e. Det sociale rum, det autonome felt, dispositioner og positioner, den symbolske vold og habitus

5. Staten og uddannelsessystemet: om symbolsk, økonomisk, social og kulturel kapital

6. Den relationistiske måde at konstruere teori går ud på at:

7. Bourdieu og hans kritikere

8. Bourdieu i Skandinavien

9. Nøglebegreber
Aleitamento materno exclusivo e introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados no primeiro ano de vida: estudo de coorte no sudoeste da Bahia, 2018
Authors: Porto Jessica Prates , Bezerra Vanessa Moraes , Pereira Netto Michele , Rocha Daniela da Silva
Published: January 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e a introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças menores de 12 meses. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, realizado com crianças de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. A exposição principal foi o AME (em dias: <120; 120-179; ≥180). A variável-desfecho do estudo foi a introdução de quatro ou mais tipos de ultraprocessados no primeiro ano de vida. Utilizou-se análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 286 crianças, das quais 40,2% receberam quatro ou mais ultraprocessados e 48,9% receberam AME por menos de 120 dias. O AME por menos de 120 dias (RR=2,94 - IC95% 1,51;5,71) e por 120-179 dias (RR=2,17 - IC95% 1,09;4,30) associou-se ao desfecho após ajuste pelas variáveis socioeconômicas, maternas, paternas e da criança. Conclusão: O AME por menos de 180 dias aumentou o risco de introdução de quatro ou mais alimentos ultraprocessados no primeiro ano de vida.
A reativação da direita no Brasil
Authors: Singer André
Published: January 2021

Qual a estrutura das predisposições ideológicas do eleitorado brasileiro e como elas são afetadas pelas estratégias das diferentes forças políticas? O artigo busca mostrar, com base em dados do Datafolha, que houve uma continuidade entre o observado logo após a redemocratização de 1988 e os trinta anos que se seguiram, a saber, a preferência pela direita por parte da maioria relativa do eleitorado em surveys de autolocalização no espectro ideológico. Depois, utilizando a noção teórica de ativação, o artigo testa, com base em pesquisas do Eseb, a hipótese de que, entre 2006 e 2014, teria havido uma tendência de desativação das predisposições ideológicas. A conclusão é que o lulismo despolarizou a disputa política e coube a Bolsonaro, com uma postura radical, reativar o conservadorismo na eleição de 2018, quando o campo da direita chegou a reunir 45% dos eleitores.
Perfil da situação de saúde dos idosos participantes de um programa municipal de atividades físicas: um estudo transversal
Authors: Dourado Fernando Matos , Oliveira Nórton Luís , Helal Lucas , Ricardo Luiza Isnardi Cardoso , Santos Leandro dos , De Nardi Angélica Trevisan , Botton Cíntia Ehlers , Pfeifer Lucineia Orsolin , Vasques Laura Milán , Santos Lucas Porto , Moraes Bruna Góes , Da Silva Larissa Xavier Neves , Umpierre Daniel
Published: January 2021

O conhecimento do perfil de saúde dos usuários de programas públicos para promoção em saúde pode otimizar a elaboração e aperfeiçoamento de intervenções para controle doenças ou de eventos associados ao estilo de vida, com potencial impacto para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil da situação de saúde dos usuários idosos do programa público de atividade física, em 11 centros comunitários da cidade de Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil). Entre abril/2018 e fevereiro/2019, foram medidos domínios de saúde por questionários autoaplicados, avaliações sanguíneas e testes funcionais. O tamanho amostral foi ponderado pela quantidade de alunos atendidos por centro, com amostragem por aleatorização simples. As análises basearam-se em estatística descritiva. No total, 351 idosos (69±6 anos) foram incluídos. Houve elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco, sendo transtorno do sono (55%), hipercolesterolemia (54%), e hipertensão arterial (49%) as mais altas. Entre as doenças autorrelatadas, os participantes listaram condições cardiovasculares (14%), câncer prévio (15%), diabetes (13%), artrite reumatóide (30%) e depressão (19%). A capacidade de caminhada em 6 minutos e força de preensão manual estiveram em níveis de pessoas ativas. Este estudo possibilita contrastar as condições prevalentes dos idosos usuários de um programa público de atividade física com estimativas populacionais, servindo como levantamento inicial para futuro monitoramento de avaliações e/ou intervenções específicas às condições sensíveis nesta população.
The Scarlet Letter as a Love Story
Authors: Sandeen Ernest
Published: January 2021

The scarlet letter has been interpreted as a story of sins and sinners for so long that this perspective has hardened into a convention. In Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl the sin of adultery and its consequences are seen; to Dimmesdale is added the further, less sympathetic sin of hypocrisy; and beyond the pale stands Chillingworth in his isolating sin of pride and self-consuming revenge. Once this standard point of view is assumed, it can be supported by what is incontrovertibly in the text, but if the angle of attention is shifted so that the novel is seen as a love story, that is, as a tragedy of the grand passion rather than as a tale of sinful passion, then certain features in our picture of the novel, obscure before, will leap into prominence and some of the previously more emphatic features will change their value in relation to the whole composition. Hawthorne's masterpiece may remain for us a haunted book, but it will be haunted by a mystery which we can identify as the mystery of erotic passion itself. It will be seen, in this perspective, that passion is the fixed reality throughout the novel and that it is “sin” which is the shifting, ambiguous term, as it is refracted in the many-sided ironies of the plot and of the narrative commentary. Further, from this point of view it becomes clear that the passion of the lovers is entering its most interesting phase when the story opens instead of being over and done with, except for its consequences, as is tacitly assumed in the conventional approach.
‘RS’ and ‘GIS’ based air quality atlas with integrated land use and land cover change analysis in India
Authors: Navalgund Lokeshwari , Joshi Keshava , Srinikethan Govindan , Shet Vinayaka B , Hosamane Satish N
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the effect of land use and land cover and the impact of urbanisation on respirable particulate matter (RSPM), sulfur oxide (SO x ) and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) of the Hubli-Dharwad, a Tier II city in India, are correlated based on the trends in air quality observed from 2006 to 2013, population from 1990 to 2010, the number of vehicles between the periods of 2004 and 2013 and urbanisation between the periods of 1975 and 2009. It has been found that urbanisation has increased threefold from 92 km2 in 1975 to 271 km2 in 2009 and the corresponding decrease in agricultural area was from 368.22 to 123.43 km2. The RSPM in the study region is increasing at a rate of 8.9% per year. The study shows that vehicular pollutants are the major cause of air pollution, followed by industries, with the highest RSPM value of 128 μg/m3 at traffic junctions in the Hubli-Dharwad region in 2013. Based on the trend analysis, the air quality atlas predicted for 2030 shows that the RSPM level in the air will reach 150 μg/m3, well above the national ambient air quality standards, and will have serious consequences on human health if proper strategies are not undertaken. Owing to the unique geographical setting of Hubli-Dharwad, its future urbanisation will be in a narrow area, which may lead to a severe air pollution problem that needs immediate attention to provide a safe environment.
Immediate effect of Chest Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Respiratory Rate, Chest Expansion and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Physiotherapy, PT School and Centre, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai-400008, Maharashtra, India., Mistry Hetal M , Kamble Rutuja V ,   PT School and Centre, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai-400008, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2021

Background: In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), as result of dynamic hyperinflation, primary respiratory muscles go into weakness and length tension relationship of muscles is altered. This leads to decreased ability of primary respiratory muscles to generate muscle tension. COPD patients mostly use accessory muscle for breathing and there is lack of facilitation of intercostal muscle and weakness of diaphragm. Few studies are conducted to assess the immediate effect of Chest Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) i.e. intercostal stretch among COPD patients. Therefore, there is need to find out immediate effect of chest PNF- intercostal stretch on respiratory rate (RR), chest expansion, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among patient with COPD. Objective: To find out immediate effect chest PNF on respiratory rate, chest expansion and peak expiratory flow rate. Methodology: Ethical clearance and participant consent was taken. Study design was Qausi experimental study. The 65 subjects were taken by convenient sampling. Intercostal stretch was applied over 2nd and 3rd rib bilaterally for 10 breaths with 1 minute rest with a 10 repetitions and Outcome measures were assessed before and immediately after giving chest PNF. SPSS 16 software was used to analyse the data. The normality of the data was assessed using parametric paired t test. Significance level was set at 0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. Outcome Measures: Respiratory rate, Chest expansion, Peak expiratory flow rate. Result: Immediate effect of chest PNF showed that there was statistically significant increase in PEFR and chest expansion at three level (P=0.000) and there was statistically significant decrease in RR (P=0.000). Conclusion: There is immediate effect of Chest PNF- intercostal stretch on, Respiratory rate, Chest expansion at three level that is axillary, nipple and xiphisternal and Peak expiratory flow rate. It is an easy to use, less time consuming, easy to understand and cost effective technique. KEY WORDS: Chest PNF, intercostal stretch, COPD.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dihydro [2,3D] Pyridine Substituted Enaminosulfonamide Compounds as Potent Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCAII)
Authors: DEMİRCİ Tuna , ÖZDEMİR Oğuzhan , KAYA Mustafa Oğuzhan , ARSLAN Mustafa
Published: January 2021

Dihydro [2,3D] pyridine substituted enaminosulfonamide compounds have been synthesized and their effects on carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) have been evaluated. Pyrido [2,3 d] pyrimidines were synthesized from barbituric acid derivatives, malonanitrile, aldehyde derivatives in basic condition and then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid. The targeted compounds were syn-thesized from amino sulfanilamide, dihydro [2,3D] pyridine compounds, and triethylorthoformate. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis were used for the structural analysis of the compounds. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the compounds were determined to be between 27.03 and 104.39 μM for hCA II and 19.85-76.64 μM for Ki.
Migration Studies in Russia: A Literature Review
Authors: Neklyudova Natalia P. , Sekicki-Pavlenko Olga O.
Published: January 2021

Starting from the late 20th century, the modern era is called the «era of migration» thereby emphasising the important role of migration processes in world development. Russian regions active participants in the migration exchange and the largest centres of both immigration and emigration. Accordingly, among Russian researchers population migration is considered a relevant and acute issue. The article aims to re- view scientific research in the field of population migration conducted in Russia from 2000 to 2019. The the- oretical framework of the research includes publications covering the topic of modern migration processes. The practical basis is articles published on the website elibrary.ru. The study was conducted using bibliomet- ric analysis, which is one of the most useful tools for studying the information flow. The total sample size was 18,174 scientific articles. We revealed that most of the publications (36%) belong to the field of economics and economic sciences. The dynamics of publication activity on migration demonstrated an upward trend. The number of articles in the period 2000–2019 increased by 27 times. The leaders in the number of publications on migration topics are the journals «Migration Law» (245 articles) and «Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship» (173 publications). Among scientific organisations, the undisputed leader in this list is the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, which published 637 works on migration in total, and Moscow State University with 572 papers. S. V. Ryazantsev presented the largest number of publications in the examined period. The results of this study can be used to improve the information support of specialists involved in studying population migration and strengthen scientific communication between researchers in various fields.