bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression
Authors: Guo Bingqi , Zhang Mengyao , Hao Wensi , Wang Yuping , Zhang Tingting , Liu Chunyan
Published: January 2023

Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person to person and lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical and animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related to anxiety and depression and the evidence that neuromodulation therapies regulate neuroinflammation in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), all have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one of the reasons for mood improvement. This review provides a better understanding of the effective mechanism of neuromodulation therapies and indicates that inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a reference for the assessment of pathological conditions and treatment options in anxiety and depression.
The CDK inhibitor AT7519 inhibits human glioblastoma cell growth by inducing apoptosis, pyroptosis and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Zhao Wenpeng , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yaya , Jiang Zhengye , Lu Hanwen , Xie Yuanyuan , Han Wanhong , Zhao Wentao , He Jiawei , Shi Zhongjie , Yang Huiying , Chen Junjie , Chen Sifang , Li Zhangyu , Mao Jianyao , Zhou Liwei , Gao Xin , Li Wenhua , Tan Guowei , Zhang Bingchang , Wang Zhanxiang
Published: January 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with a poor median survival of less than 15 months. However, clinical strategies and effective therapies are limited. Here, we found that the second-generation small molecule multi-CDK inhibitor AT7519 is a potential drug for GBM treatment according to high-throughput screening via the Approved Drug Library and Clinical Compound Library (2718 compounds). We found that AT7519 significantly inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of U87MG, U251, and patient-derived primary GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AT7519 also inhibited the phosphorylation of CDK1/2 and arrested the cell cycle at the G1-S and G2-M phases. More importantly, AT7519 induced intrinsic apoptosis and pyroptosis via caspase-3-mediated cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME). In the glioblastoma intracranial and subcutaneous xenograft assays, tumor volume was significantly reduced after treatment with AT7519. In summary, AT7519 induces cell death through multiple pathways and inhibits glioblastoma growth, indicating that AT7519 is a potential chemical available for GBM treatment.
Exposure to the Russian Internet Research Agency foreign influence campaign on Twitter in the 2016 US election and its relationship to attitudes and voting behavior
Authors: Eady Gregory , Paskhalis Tom , Zilinsky Jan , Bonneau Richard , Nagler Jonathan , Tucker Joshua A.
Published: January 2023

There is widespread concern that foreign actors are using social media to interfere in elections worldwide. Yet data have been unavailable to investigate links between exposure to foreign influence campaigns and political behavior. Using longitudinal survey data from US respondents linked to their Twitter feeds, we quantify the relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and attitudes and voting behavior in the 2016 US election. We demonstrate, first, that exposure to Russian disinformation accounts was heavily concentrated: only 1% of users accounted for 70% of exposures. Second, exposure was concentrated among users who strongly identified as Republicans. Third, exposure to the Russian influence campaign was eclipsed by content from domestic news media and politicians. Finally, we find no evidence of a meaningful relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and changes in attitudes, polarization, or voting behavior. The results have implications for understanding the limits of election interference campaigns on social media.
Patient-specific identification of genome-wide DNA-methylation differences between intracranial and extracranial melanoma metastases
Authors: Kraft Theresa , Grützmann Konrad , Meinhardt Matthias , Meier Friedegund , Westphal Dana , Seifert Michael
Published: January 2023

Melanomas frequently metastasize to distant organs and especially intracranial metastases still represent a major clinical challenge. Epigenetic reprogramming of intracranial metastases is thought to be involved in therapy failure, but so far only little is known about patient-specific DNA-methylation differences between intra- and extracranial melanoma metastases. Hierarchical clustering of the methylomes of 24 patient-matched intra- and extracranial melanoma metastases pairs revealed that intra- and extracranial metastases of individual patients were more similar to each other than to metastases in the same tissue from other patients. Therefore, a personalized analysis of each metastases pair was done by a Hidden Markov Model to classify methylation levels of individual CpGs as decreased, unchanged or increased in the intra- compared to the extracranial metastasis. The predicted DNA-methylation alterations were highly patient-specific differing in the number and methylation states of altered CpGs. Nevertheless, four important general observations were made: (i) intracranial metastases of most patients mainly showed a reduction of DNA-methylation, (ii) cytokine signaling was most frequently affected by differential methylation in individual metastases pairs, but also MAPK, PI3K/Akt and ECM signaling were often altered, (iii) frequently affected genes were mainly involved in signaling, growth, adhesion or apoptosis, and (iv) an enrichment of functional terms related to channel and transporter activities supports previous findings for a brain-like phenotype. In addition, the derived set of 17 signaling pathway genes that distinguished intra- from extracranial metastases in more than 50% of patients included well-known oncogenes (e.g. PRKCA,DUSP6,BMP4) and several other genes known from neuronal disorders (e.g. EIF4B,SGK1,CACNG8). Moreover, associations of gene body methylation alterations with corresponding gene expression changes revealed that especially the three signaling pathway genesJAK3,MECOM, andTNXBdiffer strongly in their expression between patient-matched intra- and extracranial metastases. Our analysis contributes to an in-depth characterization of DNA-methylation differences between patient-matched intra- and extracranial melanoma metastases and may provide a basis for future experimental studies to identify targets for new therapeutic approaches.
Tracking the British agricultural revolution through the isotopic analysis of dated parchment
Authors: Doherty Sean P. , Alexander Michelle M. , Henderson Stuart , Newton Jason , Finch Jonathan , Collins Matthew J.
Published: January 2023

Between the sixteenth and nineteenth century, British agriculture underwent a ‘revolutionary’ transformation. Yet despite over a century of research and the recognised centrality of agricultural developments to industrialisation and population growth, the character or chronology of any ‘revolution’ during this period remains contentious. Enquiry has been hampered by the fragmented and locally specific nature of historic accounts and the broad dating of early-modern zooarchaeological assemblages. To address this, we conducted stable isotope analysis on 658 legal documents written on sheepskin parchment; a unique biological resource that records the day, month and year of use (AD 1499 to 1969). We find these provide a high temporal resolution analysis of changing agricultural practices and episodes of disease. Most significantly, they suggest that if an ‘Agricultural Revolution’ occurred in livestock management, it did so from the mid-nineteenth century, in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars.
Geomagnetic disturbance associated with increased vagrancy in migratory landbirds
Authors: Tonelli Benjamin A. , Youngflesh Casey , Tingley Morgan W.
Published: January 2023

Rare birds known as “accidentals” or “vagrants” have long captivated birdwatchers and puzzled biologists, but the drivers of these rare occurrences remain elusive. Errors in orientation or navigation are considered one potential driver: migratory birds use the Earth’s magnetic field—sensed using specialized magnetoreceptor structures—to traverse long distances over often unfamiliar terrain. Disruption to these magnetoreceptors or to the magnetic field itself could potentially cause errors leading to vagrancy. Using data from 2 million captures of 152 landbird species in North America over 60 years, we demonstrate a strong association between disruption to the Earth’s magnetic field and avian vagrancy during fall migration. Furthermore, we find that increased solar activity—a disruptor of the avian magnetoreceptor—generally counteracts this effect, potentially mitigating misorientation by disabling the ability for birds to use the magnetic field to orient. Our results link a hypothesized cause of misorientation to the phenomenon of avian vagrancy, further demonstrating the importance of magnetoreception among the orientation mechanisms of migratory birds. Geomagnetic disturbance may have important downstream ecological consequences, as vagrants may experience increased mortality rates or facilitate range expansions of avian populations and the organisms they disperse.
Constrained neuro fuzzy inference methodology for explainable personalised modelling with applications on gene expression data
Authors: Singh Balkaran , Doborjeh Maryam , Doborjeh Zohreh , Budhraja Sugam , Tan Samuel , Sumich Alexander , Goh Wilson , Lee Jimmy , Lai Edmund , Kasabov Nikola
Published: January 2023

Interpretable machine learning models for gene expression datasets are important for understanding the decision-making process of a classifier and gaining insights on the underlying molecular processes of genetic conditions. Interpretable models can potentially support early diagnosis before full disease manifestation. This is particularly important yet, challenging for mental health. We hypothesise this is due to extreme heterogeneity issues which may be overcome and explained by personalised modelling techniques. Thus far, most machine learning methods applied to gene expression datasets, including deep neural networks, lack personalised interpretability. This paper proposes a new methodology named personalised constrained neuro fuzzy inference (PCNFI) for learning personalised rules from high dimensional datasets which are structurally and semantically interpretable. Case studies on two mental health related datasets (schizophrenia and bipolar disorders) have shown that the relatively short and simple personalised fuzzy rules provided enhanced interpretability as well as better classification performance compared to other commonly used machine learning methods. Performance test on a cancer dataset also showed that PCNFI matches previous benchmarks. Insights from our approach also indicated the importance of two genes (ATRX and TSPAN2) as possible biomarkers for early differentiation of ultra-high risk, bipolar and healthy individuals. These genes are linked to cognitive ability and impulsive behaviour. Our findings suggest a significant starting point for further research into the biological role of cognitive and impulsivity-related differences. With potential applications across bio-medical research, the proposed PCNFI method is promising for diagnosis, prognosis, and the design of personalised treatment plans for better outcomes in the future.
Microsecond cell triple-sorting enabled by multiple pulse irradiation of femtosecond laser
Authors: Kiya Ryota , Tang Tao , Tanaka Yo , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Yalikun Yaxiaer
Published: January 2023

Femtosecond-laser-assisted cell manipulation, as one of the high throughput cell sorting techniques, is tailored for single-step multiple sorting based on controllable impulsive force. In this paper, femtosecond laser pulses are focused within a pocket structure and they induce an impulse force acting on the flowing objects. The impulsive force is shown to be controllable by a new method to adjust the femtosecond pulse properties. This allows precise streamline manipulation of objects having various physical qualities (e.g., weight and volume). The pulse energy, pulse number, and pulse interval of the femtosecond laser are altered to determine the impulsive force strength. The method is validated in single cell or bead triple-sorting experiments and its capability to perform streamline manipulation in as little as 10 μs is shown. The shift profiles of the beads acting under the impulsive force are studied in order to better understand the sorting mechanism. Additionally, beads and cells with different fluorescence intensities are successfully detected and directed into different microchannels, with maximum success rates of 90% and 64.5%, respectively. To sum up, all results suggest that this method has the potential to sort arbitrary subpopulations by altering the number of femtosecond pulses and that it takes the first step toward developing a single-step multi-selective system.
3D reconstruction of proximal femoral fracture from biplanar radiographs with fractural representative learning
Authors: Buttongkum Danupong , Tangpornprasert Pairat , Virulsri Chanyaphan , Numkarunarunrote Numphung , Amarase Chavarin , Kobchaisawat Thananop , Chalidabhongse Thanarat
Published: January 2023

A femoral fracture is a severe injury occurring in traumatic and pathologic causes. Diagnosis and Preoperative planning are indispensable procedures relying on preoperative radiographs such as X-ray and CT images. Nevertheless, CT imaging has a higher cost, radiation dose, and longer acquisition time than X-ray imaging. Thus, the fracture 3D reconstruction from X-ray images had been needed and remains a challenging problem, as well as a lack of dataset. This paper proposes a 3D proximal femoral fracture reconstruction from biplanar radiographs to improve the 3D visualization of bone fragments during preoperative planning. A novel Fracture Reconstruction Network (FracReconNet) is proposed to retrieve the femoral bone shape with fracture details, including the 3D Reconstruction Network (3DReconNet), novel Auxiliary class (AC), and Fractural augmentation (FA). The 3D reconstruction network applies a deep learning-based, fully Convolutional Network with Feature Pyramid Network architecture. Specifically, the auxiliary class is proposed, which refers to fracture representation. It encourages network learning to reconstruct the fracture. Since the samples are scarce to acquire, the fractural augmentation is invented to enlarge the fracture training samples and improve reconstruction accuracy. The evaluation of FracReconNet achieved a mIoU of 0.851 and mASSD of 0.906 mm. The proposed FracReconNet’s results show fracture detail similar to the real fracture, while the 3DReconNet cannot offer.
Ecological insights into soil health according to the genomic traits and environment-wide associations of bacteria in agricultural soils
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C , Amsili Joseph P , Kurtz Kirsten S M , van Es Harold M , Buckley Daniel H
Published: January 2023

Soil microbiomes are sensitive to current and previous soil conditions, and bacterial ‘bioindicators’ of biological, physical, and chemical soil properties have considerable potential for soil health assessment. However, the lack of ecological or physiological information for most soil microorganisms limits our ability to interpret the associations of bioindicators and, thus, their utility for guiding management. We identified bioindicators of tillage intensity and twelve soil properties used to rate soil health using a 16S rRNA gene-based survey of farmland across North America. We then inferred the genomic traits of bioindicators and evaluated their environment-wide associations (EWAS) with respect to agricultural management practice, disturbance, and plant associations with 89 studies from agroecosystems. Most bioindicators were either positively correlated with biological properties (e.g., organic matter) or negatively correlated with physical and chemical properties. Higher soil health ratings corresponded with smaller genome size and higher coding density, while lower ratings corresponded with larger genomes and higher rrn copy number. Community-weighted genome size explained most variation in health ratings. EWAS linked prominent bioindicators with the impacts of environmental disturbances. Our findings provide ecological insights into bioindicators of soil properties relevant to soil health management, illustrating the tight coupling of microbiome and soil function.
Identification of serum metabolome signatures associated with retinal and renal complications of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tomofuji Yoshihiko , Suzuki Ken , Kishikawa Toshihiro , Shojima Nobuhiro , Hosoe Jun , Inagaki Kyoko , Matsubayashi Sunao , Ishihara Hisamitsu , Watada Hirotaka , Ishigaki Yasushi ,   The BioBank Japan Project, Yamanashi Yuji , Furukawa Yoichi , Morisaki Takayuki , Kamatani Yoichiro , Muto Kaori , Nagai Akiko , Obara Wataru , Yamaji Ken , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Asai Satoshi , Takahashi Yasuo , Suzuki Takao , Sinozaki Nobuaki , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Minami Shiro , Murayama Shigeo , Yoshimori Kozo , Nagayama Satoshi , Obata Daisuke , Higashiyama Masahiko , Masumoto Akihide , Koretsune Yukihiro , Inohara Hidenori , Murakami Yoshinori , Matsuda Koichi , Okada Yukinori , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi
Published: January 2023

Background

Type 2 diabetes is a common disease around the world and its major complications are diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Persons with type 2 diabetes with complications, especially who have both DR and DKD, have poorer prognoses than those without complications. Therefore, prevention and early identification of the complications of type 2 diabetes are necessary to improve the prognosis of persons with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the development of multiple complications of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We profiled serum metabolites of persons with type 2 diabetes with both DR and DKD (N = 141) and without complications (N = 159) using a comprehensive non-targeted metabolomics approach with mass spectrometry. Based on the serum metabolite profiles, case–control comparisons and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) were performed.

Results

Here we show that five metabolites (cyclohexylamine, P = 4.5 × 10−6; 1,2-distearoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine, P = 7.3 × 10−6; piperidine, P = 4.8 × 10−4; N-acetylneuraminic acid, P = 5.1 × 10−4; stearoyl ethanolamide, P = 6.8 × 10−4) are significantly increased in those with the complications. MSEA identifies fatty acid biosynthesis as the type 2 diabetes complications-associated biological pathway (P = 0.0020).

Conclusions

Our metabolome analysis identifies the serum metabolite features of the persons with type 2 diabetes with multiple complications, which could potentially be used as biomarkers.
Small-molecule photoswitches for fluorescence bioimaging: engineering and applications
Authors: Olesińska-Mönch Magdalena , Deo Claire
Published: January 2023

This minireview highlights advances in the application of small-molecule photoswitches towards the design of controllable functional reporters for fluorescence microscopy.
Solvent induced reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal structural transformation in dynamic metal organic frameworks: a case of enhanced hydrogen sorption in polycatenated framework
Authors: Dinda Susanta , Pahari Goutam , Maiti Anupam , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: January 2023

Two MOFs are showing a low-energy solid-state transformation and a dissolution–recrystallization structural transformation respectively. The hydrogen uptake was found to be influenced by the polycatenation present in one of the frameworks.
The role of nanoparticle charge in crystallization kinetics and ice adhesion strength for dispersions of detonation nanodiamonds
Authors: Emelyanenko Alexandre M. , Emelyanenko Kirill A. , Vul Alexander Ya. , Shvidchenko Alexander V. , Boinovich Ludmila B.
Published: January 2023

A dualism of diamond nanoparticle behavior in supercooled aqueous dispersions reveals an ion-like behavior of positively charged particles and a particle-like behaviour of the negatively charged ones.
Metal–organic framework-based materials: emerging high-efficiency catalysts for the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water
Authors: Yue Caiyan , Chen Long , Zhang Heng , Huang Jinshu , Jiang Hao , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: January 2023

Water pollution has become one of the most important global environmental pollution problems, wherein various toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water pose a major threat to the environment.
A novel LoC-SERS device integrated with aptamer recognition strategy for the highly sensitive and specific detection of thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-B
Authors: Zhu Jinhua , Shi Ruihua , Qian Yayun , Hua Zhaolai , Feng Xiang , Chen Hong , Cao Xiaowei , Feng Yadong , Yu Ting , Lu Qin
Published: January 2023

A LoC-SERS device integrated with aptamer recognition strategy for the highly sensitive and specific detection of thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-B.
Nanosupernova: a new anisotropic nanostructure for SERS
Authors: Rhee Kristina , Tukova Anastasiia , Tavakkoli Yaraki Mohammad , Wang Yuling
Published: January 2023

We develop a simple synthesis method that results in the formation of quasi-spherical SERS nanotags and larger highly anisotropic nanoparticles with a novel structure, which we have designated nanosupernova.
Fabrication of nanosheet-assembled hollow copper–nickel phosphide spheres embedded in reduced graphene oxide texture for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Amiri Maryam , Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui Akbar , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed
Published: January 2023

Nanosheet-assembled hollow copper–nickel phosphide spheres encapsulated in reduced graphene oxide were synthesized for hybrid supercapacitor.
Catalytic reactions in a Co12 cuboctahedral cage arising from guest encapsulation and cage-based redox activation
Authors: Zhang Xuejian , Sudittapong Burin , Ward Michael D.
Published: January 2023

A Co12 coordination cage performs catalytic oxidation of bound fluorescein by a mechanism involving redox activation of HSO5− using metal ions in the superstructure.
Recent progress and perspectives in photo-induced organic reactions of acylsilanes
Authors: Hong Wan Pyo , Lim Hee Nam , Shin Inji
Published: January 2023

This review provides recent advances and insights into photoirradiation reactions of acylsilanes, notablyviakey nucleophilic siloxycarbene intermediates. Nucleophilic addition, insertion reaction, and cyclization are discussed in terms of reaction mechanism and scope.
Radical acylation: concepts, synthetic applications and directions
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Yili , Lin Jian , Li Zhaodong , Huang Huicai
Published: January 2023

In this tutorial, reaction scopes, limitations and mechanisms of radical acylations are summarized and discussed according to reaction types and catalytic systems.
In vivo singlet state filtered nuclear magnetic resonance: towards monitoring toxic responses inside living organisms
Authors: Lysak Daniel H. , Kock Flavio V. C. , Mamone Salvatore , Soong Ronald , Glöggler Stefan , Simpson Andre J.
Published: January 2023

Using a singlet state filter, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can selectively monitor metabolites, while suppressing undesired signals in living Daphnia magna, allowing metabolite tracking even in regions of significant spectral overlap.
Light-driven (cross-)dimerization of terpenes as a route to renewable C15–C30crudes for fuel and lubricant oil applications
Authors: Cid Gomes Leandro , Rana Anup , Berglund Mathias , Wiklund Per , Ottosson Henrik
Published: January 2023

Sunlight-driven dimerization of conjugated dienes obtained from renewable sources to produce crudes for diesel-fuel and lubricant oil applications.
Long term phase separation dynamics in liquid crystal-enriched microdroplets obtained from binary fluid mixtures
Authors: Patel Mehzabin , Shimizu Seishi , Bates Martin A. , Fernandez-Nieves Alberto , Guldin Stefan
Published: January 2023

Herein, we compare the phase separation dynamics of binary liquid–liquid crystal mixtures in droplet-based confinement to behaviour in the bulk using experiments, computer simulations and thermodynamic considerations.
Rheology of 3D printable ceramic suspensions: effects of non-adsorbing polymer on discontinuous shear thickening
Authors: Corder Ria D. , Chen Yuan-Jung , Pibulchinda Pattiya , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Ardekani Arezoo M. , Erk Kendra A.
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate how addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, a non-adsorbing polymer) affects the rheology of concentrated aqueous suspensions of colloidal alumina particles.
Phthalocyanines, porphyrins and other porphyrinoids as components of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Molina Desiré , Follana-Berná Jorge , Sastre-Santos Ángela
Published: January 2023

This review highlights the most relevant works on phthalocyanines, porphyrins and other porphyrinoids as components of perovskite solar cells from the last four years acting as hole transporting materials, additives, and interlayers.
Impact of wearing a head-mounted display on localization accuracy of real sound sources
Authors: Poirier-Quinot David , Lawless Martin S.
Published: January 2023

For augmented reality experiences, users wear head-mounted displays (HMD) while listening to real and virtual sound sources. This paper assesses the impact of wearing an HMD on localization accuracy of real sources. Eighteen blindfolded participants completed a localization task on 32 loudspeakers while wearing either no HMD, a bulky visor HMD, or a glass visor HMD. Results demonstrate that the HMDs had a significantly impact on participants’ localization performance, increasing local great circle angle error by 0.9°, and that the glass visor HMD demonstrably increased the rate of up–down confusions in the responses by 0.9–1.1%. These results suggest that wearing an HMD has a sufficiently small impact on real source localization that it can safely be considered as an HMD-free condition in most but the most demanding AR auditory localization studies.
Nature et origine des cuirasses ferrugineuses de la région de Khat Oummat Elbid, Inchiri, Mauritanie
Authors: El Ghastalany Rayane , Branquet Yannick , Bagga Mohamed Abdoullah , Taviche Imad Khalil , Wafik Amina , Ghnahalla Mohamed , Abdeina El Houssein
Published: January 2023

Les chapeaux de fer (ou gossans) développés à l’aplomb d’une minéralisation sulfurée et/ou oxydée primaire restent un métallotecte majeur pour l’exploration minière. L’identification de gossans au sein de régions arides à régolithe ferrugineux de différentes origines n’est pas aisée et suppose une bonne connaissance de ces formations superficielles indurées rouges à l’échelle régionale. En s’inscrivant dans cette démarche, nous avons étudié certaines cuirasses ferrugineuses de la région de Khat Oummat Elbid (KOB) d’Inchiri en Mauritanie, région activement prospectée pour l’or et le cuivre en particulier. La zone de KOB appartient au segment orogénique des Mauritanides septentrionales. Deux collines à socle de quartzite et coiffées de cuirasses ferrugineuses ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude. Les campagnes de terrain ont permis d’étudier le socle, de lever des logs dans les cuirasses et d’échantillonner pour des analyses pétrographiques, minéralogiques (microscopie optique, MEB, DRX) et géochimiques (multi-élémentaire roches totales). Il apparaît que les cuirasses étudiées sont des ferricrètes au sens strict sans lien direct avec le développement de profils latéritiques. Le socle quartzitique contribue uniquement en produisant une fraction clastique grossière à la base des ferricrètes. Le ciment des ferricrètes est goethitique à la base entre les clastes de quartzite tandis que le sommet est marqué par des granulométries très fines et des processus authigéniques dominants (nodules et pisolithes à cortex de goethite et hématite). De la base au sommet des ferricrètes, des grains d’ilménite arrondis accompagnés de grains de quartz de petite taille suggèrent un transport éolien « saupoudrant » ce matériel depuis des sources externes. Ces ferricrètes sont donc caractérisés par des allochtonies mécaniques et chimiques importantes, la source du Fe en solution comme des grains d’ilménite étant difficilement traçable avec certitude dans cette région. La comparaison avec des teneurs moyennes en éléments majeurs et traces de gossans, cuirasses latéritiques et minerai de Fe des tourbières (« bog ore ») montre que la géochimie en roche totale est utilisable pour discriminer les ferricrètes de KOB des gossans au premier ordre, mais qu’il convient d’implémenter les bases de données avec des analyses de gossans se développant au-dessus de gisements de type iron-oxides-copper-gold deposits comme ceux exploités en Inchiri (e.g. gisement de Guelb-Moghrein, près d’Akjoujt).
Classical solutions to local first-order extended mean field games
Authors: Munoz Sebastian
Published: January 2023

We study the existence of classical solutions to a broad class of local, first order, forward-backward extended mean field games systems, that includes standard mean field games, mean field games with congestion, and mean field type control problems. We work with a strictly monotone cost that may be fully coupled with the Hamiltonian, which is assumed to have superlinear growth. Following previous work on the standard first order mean field games system, we prove the existence of smooth solutions under a coercivity condition that ensures a positive density of players, assuming a strict form of the uniqueness condition for the system. Our work relies on transforming the problem into a partial differential equation with oblique boundary conditions, which is elliptic precisely under the uniqueness condition.
Oxide thickness-dependent resistive switching characteristics of Cu/HfO2/Pt ECM devices
Authors: Kim Taewook , Vogel Tobias , Piros Eszter , Nasiou Déspina , Kaiser Nico , Schreyer Philipp , Winkler Robert , Zintler Alexander , Arzumanov Alexey , Petzold Stefan , Molina-Luna Leopoldo , Alff Lambert
Published: January 2023

HfO2-based resistive random-access memory devices are promising candidates for new memory and computing applications. Hereby, scaling of the devices is a key issue, where overall fundamental switching and conduction mechanisms can be easily influenced by changes in the oxide layer thickness. This work addresses the oxide thickness-dependent resistive switching characteristics in Cu/HfO2/Pt memory devices through bipolar DC switching characterization. Forming, reset, and set characteristics are investigated depending on the oxide layer thickness, revealing a significant difference for thicker compared to thinner films. Thicker samples tend to show a more abrupt reset behavior and a larger set voltage variance, while for thinner samples, a more gradual reset behavior and a low set variance is found. These phenomena can be explained by a model based on thermally assisted electrochemical metallization. Furthermore, to understand the conduction mechanism of the devices, current–voltage curves of the set process were investigated. The devices are found to have an Ohmic conduction mechanism in the lower voltage region generally, while thinner samples tend to show an additional space-charge-limited current conduction mechanism in a higher voltage region.
Monolithically integrated photonic chips with asymmetric MQWs structure for suppressing Stokes shift
Authors: He Rui , Wang Lulu , Chen Renfeng , Zhang Siyao , Chen Xiongbin , Yu Zhiguo , Liu Jianguo , Wang Junxi , Wei Tongbo
Published: January 2023

An asymmetric (ASY) multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structure consisting of emission and detection regions with different In components and thicknesses is presented for suppressing the Stokes shift in monolithically integrated photonic chips. Compared with conventional MQWs, the total luminescence intensity of ASY MQWs is improved due to the action of the potential field for transferring more holes to the quantum well near the n-GaN side. Meanwhile, resulted from about 25–30 nm redshift in response spectra, a 4.5-fold increase in the overlap of luminescence-detection spectra is realized. A photodetector exhibits a photo-to-dark current ratio of up to 107 at 0 V bias. Furthermore, the reported ASY MQWs diode shows a maximum bandwidth (−3 dB) of 173 MHz, suggesting that a monolithically integrated chip has tremendous potential on the application of the on-chip visible light communication.
The bubble breakup process and behavior in T-type microchannels
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yi , Zhang Guanmin , Tian Maocheng
Published: January 2023

A double T-type microchannel consisting of two T-junctions is used as the base unit of tree-like microchannels. Studying the breakup process and behavior of bubbles in T-type microchannels can help enhance the capability of microfluidic systems and microchannel heat exchangers. In this study, the bubble breakup process in a double T-type microchannel was simulated using a volume of fluid model via numerical simulation. The simulation results show a total of five regimes of bubble breakup with capillary numbers between 0.001 and 0.008 and dimensionless bubble lengths between 1 and 9, which are the non-breakup, “tunnel” breakup, obstructed breakup, merging symmetric breakup, and merging non-breakup. These five breakup regimes were studied in detail. At a high velocity of the gas phase and with a small size of the generated bubble, the bubble does not break up. Symmetric breakup regimes can be divided into two regimes: tunnel breakup and obstructed breakup. Shear force plays a significant role in the tunnel breakup regime. The obstructed breakup regime is mainly caused by the increase in pressure at the T-junction, which elongates and makes the bubble break up. In the merging symmetrical breakup regime, the bubble has a tunnel breakup process at the beginning. The shear force is small and cannot break up the bubble. The merged bubble breaks up under the action of the obstructed breakup regime. Bubbles are in the merging non-breakup regime mainly because they are too long to break up.
Parallel numerical simulation of weakly range-dependent ocean acoustic waveguides by adiabatic modes based on a spectral method
Authors: Tu Houwang , Wang Yongxian , Zhang Yinuo , Liao Haolin , Liu Wei
Published: January 2023

With the increasing demand for underwater detection, interest in the acoustic field of range-dependent ocean waveguides is also growing. For weakly range-dependent ocean waveguides, adiabatic modes represent a compromise between accuracy and computational cost and occupy an important place in the simulation of numerical sound fields. However, either existing adiabatic-mode programs consider too few layers of media or the root-finder tends to miss roots. In addition, none of the programs can solve the acoustic field excited by a line sound source located anywhere in the plane. In this paper, we first derive an expression for the acoustic field excited by a line source by adiabatic modes and then introduce a high-precision spectral method to solve the local eigenmodes. For the lower boundary condition of the acoustic half-space, we use the eigenvalue transformation technique to transform the transcendental algebra system formed by spectral discretization into a generalized eigenvalue problem. Several representative numerical experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. After analyzing the parallelism, the multiprocess and multithread hybrid strategy is adopted to further accelerate the algorithm in parallel, and parallel numerical simulation is carried out on the Tianhe–2 multicore supercomputer; favorable acceleration is achieved.
Self-generated magnetic field induced by Karpman–Washimi ponderomotive force in relativistic electron plasmas
Authors: Qi Ming Chun , Zhan Jia Yu , Liu San Qiu , Yang Xiao Song
Published: January 2023

The relativistic effects on nonstationary Karpman–Washimi ponderomotive magnetization are investigated in relativistic electron plasmas. The magnetization Mp and radiation power P̄ are obtained as functions of the relativistic parameter α, scaled wave frequency ω̄, and wave number k̄. It is shown that the ponderomotive force is more likely to induce a low-frequency and small-scale magnetic field. In addition, the results indicate that the magnetization and radiation power are suppressed by the relativistic effects in the ultrarelativistic case but enhanced in the moderately and weakly relativistic cases, especially in the moderately relativistic regime.
3D-strain-induced multiple semiconductor–metallic phase transition in monolayer SrTiO3
Authors: Sun Yang , Yang Chao , Peng Jinzhang
Published: January 2023

The recent discovery of monolayer perovskite has attracted much attention due to its abundant physical properties and extreme flexible properties. However, multiple strain effects on its physical properties are not clear. Herein, by means of first-principles calculations, we show that under 3D-multiple strains, the monolayer SrTiO3 (STO) can be tuned from the semiconductor into metallic phases via the in-plane strain engineering. The bandgap of the monolayer STO increases with increasing positive biaxial strain and reduces to zero when a negative biaxial strain is applied. In addition, we found that the metallic phase of the monolayer STO under the in-plane biaxial strain will drop back into the semiconductor phase when an out-of-plane compressive strain is added. By analyzing the electronic band structure, density of states, and orbital-projected band structures, we found that the p-orbitals of Sr and O atoms as well as the d-orbitals of Sr atoms make significant effects on the multiple semiconductor–metallic phase transition. In summary, the abundant semiconductor–metallic phase transition of the monolayer STO under 3D-strain conditions opens up an opportunity for its application in modulating the electronic properties of 2D materials.
Magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting trapped field magnet
Authors: Liao Hengpei , Yuan Weijia , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Min
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the magnetization mechanism of a hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnet. To address the size limitation of traditional HTS bulk materials, hybridization between HTS-stacked ring magnets and HTS bulks is proposed here. A jointless HTS-stacked ring magnet is used to increase the trapped field area for HTS bulks. A hybrid HTS magnet with 90 mm in length and 60 mm in width was tested to provide a trapped field of 7.35 T in a field cooling magnetization. The paper focuses mainly on understanding the novel magnetization mechanism of this hybrid HTS trapped field magnet. A numerical model based on homogenized H formulation was used to compare with experimental results, and a good match was found. Our experimental and numerical study of the electromagnetic interaction between the HTS-stacked ring magnet and the HTS bulks reveals that there are two magnetization stages, and the magnetization speed differs in these two stages by a sing criterion: whether the HTS-stacked ring magnet is fully penetrated or not. This study confirms that hybridization helps to build large HTS trapped field magnets.
Sign reversal of planar Hall effect with temperature in La-doped Sr2IrO4 films
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Yue Jianing , Meng Jianchao , Shao Tingna , Yao Chunli , Sun Xiaojuan , Nie Jiacai , Li Dabing
Published: January 2023

Electron-doped Sr2IrO4 is the best candidate for unconventional superconductivity, but direct evidence of superconductivity has not been experimentally confirmed. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the complex and rich physical properties caused by doping. The planar Hall effect (PHE) is a sensitive technique for the characterization of intrinsic magnetic properties in magnetic thin films and is applied widely in spintronic devices. In this work, the PHE for La-doped Sr2IrO4 films as a function of the magnetic field direction and temperature exhibited unique properties caused by electron doping. The amplitude of PHE is proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. Remarkably, as the temperature increased, a sign reversal of angle-dependent PHE occurred at 90 K, which indicated the change of magnetic anisotropy. Subsequent variable-temperature traditional Hall measurements and time-resolved optical studies eliminated different types of carrier interactions. The anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements indicated that the sign reversal can be attributed to the changes of a spin structure after electron doping, and the reversal temperature is related to the strength of ferromagnetism. These results provide a platform to study the magnetic interactions and suggest the possibility of realizing thermal controllable magnetic sensor devices in electron-doped Sr2IrO4 films.
Characterization of tunable coupler without a dedicated readout resonator in superconducting circuits
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Tian-Le , Guo Liang-Liang , Yang Xiao-Yan , Yang Xin-Xin , Duan Peng , Jia Zhi-Long , Kong Wei-Cheng , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: January 2023

Tunable couplers have recently emerged as an essential component in superconducting quantum processors. These couplers usually do not have readout resonators to save control or hardware overhead; this makes it challenging to characterize and calibrate the coupler, which will undoubtedly limit the performance of a fast two-qubit gate. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that by mapping the coupler's state onto that of its neighboring qubit, the high-contrast readout of the coupler can be realized. We experimentally implement such a readout scheme with a single-shot readout fidelity of 86%, which is mainly limited by the thermal population of our sample. We further demonstrate how to calibrate the flux crosstalk related to the coupler and its flux distortion that are ignored in the previous works. These calibration steps are imperative for realizing robust and accurate quantum operations in frequency-tunable superconducting circuits.
Hillslope roughness reveals forest sensitivity to extreme winds
Authors: Doane Tyler H. , Yanites Brian J. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Novick Kimberly A.
Published: January 2023

Windthrow, or the uprooting of trees by extreme wind gusts, is a natural forest disturbance that creates microhabitats, turns over soil, alters hydrology, and removes carbon from the above-ground carbon stock. Long recurrence intervals between extreme wind events, however, make direct observations of windthrow rare, challenging our understanding of this important disturbance process. To overcome this difficulty, we present an approach that uses the geomorphic record of hillslope topographic roughness as a proxy for the occurrence of windthrow. The approach produces a probability function of the number of annual windthrow events for a maximum wind speed, allowing us to explore how windthrow or tree strengths may change due to shifting wind climates. Slight changes to extreme wind speeds may drive comparatively large changes in windthrow production rates or force trees to respond and change the distribution. We also highlight that topographic roughness has the potential to serve as an important archive of extreme wind speeds.
Viscous relaxation as a probe of heat flux and crustal plateau composition on Venus
Authors: Nimmo Francis , Mackwell Stephen
Published: January 2023

It has recently been suggested that deformed crustal plateaus on Venus may be composed of felsic (silica-rich) rocks, possibly supporting the idea of an ancient ocean there. However, these plateaus have a tendency to collapse owing to flow of the viscous lower crust. Felsic minerals, especially water-bearing ones, are much weaker and thus lead to more rapid collapse, than more mafic minerals. We model plateau topographic evolution using a non-Newtonian viscous relaxation code. Despite uncertainties in the likely crustal thickness and surface heat flux, we find that quartz-dominated rheologies relax too rapidly to be plausible plateau-forming material. For plateaus dominated by a dry anorthite rheology, survival is possible only if the background crustal thickness is less than 29 km, unless the heat flux on Venus is less than the radiogenic lower bound of 34

mW

m

−
2

. Future spacecraft determinations of plateau crustal thickness and mineralogy will place firmer constraints on Venus’s heat flux.
Is isoenergetic high‐intensity interval exercise superior to moderate‐intensity continuous exercise for cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A single‐blinded randomized controlled study
Authors: Findikoglu Gulin , Altinkapak Abdurrahim , Yaylali Guzin Fidan
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) with equal energy expenditure on glycaemic and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) when compared to the control. Sixty‐three people with T2DM were randomly assigned to HIIT, MICT, or non‐exercising controls. Individuals were trained with HIIT at 90 and 30% of their VO2peak (1:2 min ratio) starting from 8 up to 16 intervals and MICT at 50% of VO2peak, on a cycle ergometer, 3 times/week for 12 weeks under supervision. The primary outcome measure was the change in HbA1c. Aerobic capacity, cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, body composition, glycaemic, and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at the beginning and the end of the 12‐week training period. There was no significant difference between HIIT and MICT or when compared to the control for HbA1c, glucose, insulin resistance, blood lipids, cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, body composition, and abdominal and visceral fat (padj > 0.05). HIIT and MICT increased VO2peak significantly compared to controls (p < 0.05) but not to each other (p > 0.05). Both HIIT and MICT improved VO2peak and HbA1c after 12 weeks of training compared to their baseline, furthermore, only MICT caused additional improvements in cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, and abdominal fat compared to baseline (p < 0.05). As a conclusion, isoenergetic HIIT or MICT did not improve HbA1c. The two protocols were equally efficient for improvement in aerobic capacity but had little effect on other cardiometabolic factors.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03682445.
Horizon area bound and MOTS stability in locally rotationally symmetric solutions
Authors: Sherif Abbas M , Dunsby Peter K S
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study the stability of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs), foliating horizons of the form

r
=
X
(
τ
)

, embedded in locally rotationally symmetric class II perfect fluid spacetimes. An upper bound on the area of stable MOTS is obtained. It is shown that any stable MOTS of the types considered in these spacetimes must be strictly stably outermost, that is, there are no MOTS ‘outside’ of and homologous to

. Aspects of the topology of the MOTS, as well as the case when an extension is made to imperfect fluids, are discussed. Some non-existence results are also obtained. Finally, the ‘growth’ of certain matter and curvature quantities on certain unstable MOTS are provided under specified conditions.