bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PERSEDIAAN BARANG DI TOKO BAPAK WALUYO DI KEC. GONDANG TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Anggoro Dhanang Tias , Yunestri Rulin , Chaniago Shafirah Nurlita
Published: January 2022

Sistem informasi akuntansi dan sistem pengendalian internal merupakan komponen yang dikelompokkan, mengklasifikasikan, pengolahan, menganalisis, serta menggabungkan informasi keuangan yang sesuai untuk pengambilan keputusan dari pihak eksternal (misalnya Pemerintah, masyarakat, investor, dan kreditur) terutama pihak manajemen. Toko Bapak waluyo merupakan toko yang menjual bahan bangunan dan alat listrik sehingga memiliki stok barang yang cukup banyak. Penelitian memiliki tujuan guna melakukan analisis sebuah informasi akuntansi persediaan dan sistem pengendalian secara internal, yang berlaku di Toko Bapak Waluyo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem inofrmasi akuntansi di Toko Bapak Waluyo tetap memakai sistem sederhanaa yaitu sistem pengendalian internal namun begitu membantu dan menunjang sistem informasi akuntansi di Toko Bapak waluyo sehingga meminimalkan terjadinya kesalahan pada sistem persediaan barang.
Ben-Sarc: A Self-Annotated Corpus for Sarcasm Detection from Bengali Social Media Comments and Its Baseline Evaluation
Authors: Lora Sanzana Karim , Shahariar G. M. , Nazmin Tamanna , Rahman Noor Nafeur , Rahman Rafsan , Bhuiyan Miyad , Shah Faisal Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Sarcasm detection research of the Bengali language so far can be considered to be narrow due to the unavailability of resources. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale self-annotated Bengali corpus for sarcasm detection research problem in the Bengali language named ’Ben-Sarc’ containing 25,636 comments, manually collected from different public Facebook pages and evaluated by external evaluators. Then we present a complete strategy to utilize different models of traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning to detect sarcasm from text using the Ben-Sarc corpus. Finally, we demonstrate a comparison between the performance of traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning models on our Ben-Sarc corpus. Transfer learning using Indic-Transformers Bengali BERT as a pre-trained source model has achieved the highest accuracy of 75.05%. The second highest accuracy is obtained by the LSTM model with 72.48% and Multinomial Naive Bayes is acquired the third highest with 72.36% accuracy for deep learning and machine learning, respectively. The Ben-Sarc corpus is made publicly available in the hope of advancing the Bengali Natural Language Processing community.
Major Coping-behavior and Risk-perception Factors for the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Psychobehavioral Characteristics
Authors: Ding Yi , Ishibashi Ryo , Abe Tsuneyuki , Honda Akio , Sugiura Motoaki
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically changed people’s behavior, to prevent infection and overcome the general adversity caused by the implementation of infection-prevention measures. Here, we investigated the main coping-behavior and risk-perception factors, and the underlying psychological mechanisms (e.g., psychobehavioral characteristics) of coping behavior. We recruited 2,885 Japanese participants (1,524 women, ages 20–91 years). First, we identified four coping-behavior factors (two related to infection and two related to general adversity) and three risk-perception factors (one related to medical aspects and two related to society). Second, we demonstrated that infection prevention was promoted by female sex and etiquette in the Power to Live scale. General-adversity coping behavior was facilitated by shortages of daily necessities. Thus, we identified four parsimonious coping-behavior factors, as well as the risk-perception factors and demographic and psychobehavioral characteristics that influenced them. These results will benefit strategic approaches to optimize the social response to the pandemic.
Sensory Processing in Sotos Syndrome and Tatton-Brown Rahman Syndrome
Authors: Smith Harriet , Lane Chloe , Al-Jawahiri Reem , Freeth Megan
Published: January 2022

Sotos syndrome (Sotos) and Tatton-Brown Rahman Syndrome (TBRS) are two of the most common overgrowth disorders associated with intellectual disability. Individuals with these syndromes tend to have similar cognitive profiles and high likelihood of autism symptomatology. However, whether and how sensory processing is affected is currently unknown. Parents/caregivers of 36 children with Sotos and 20 children with TBRS completed the Child Sensory Profile 2 (CSP-2) and the Sensory Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) along with other standardised questionnaires assessing autistic traits (SRS-2), ADHD traits (Conners 3), anxiety (SCAS-P) and adaptive behaviour (VABS-3). Sensory processing differences were clearly evident in both syndromes, though there was significant variation in both cohorts. SBQ data indicated that both the frequency and impact of sensory behaviour were more severe when compared to neurotypicals, with levels of sensory behaviour impact and frequency being similar to autistic children. CSP-2 data indicated 77% of children with Sotos and 85% children with TBRS displayed clear differences in sensory Registration (missing sensory input). Clear differences relating to Body Position (proprioceptive response to joint and muscle position; 79% Sotos; 90% TBRS) and Touch (somatosensory response to touch on skin; 56% Sotos; 60% TBRS) were also particularly prevalent. Correlation analyses demonstrated that in both syndromes sensory processing differences tend to be associated with difficulties relating to autistic traits, anxiety and some domains of ADHD. In Sotos, sensory processing differences were also associated with lower adaptive behaviour skills. This first detailed assessment of sensory processing, alongside other clinical features, in relatively large cohorts of children with Sotos and TBRS, demonstrates that sensory processing differences have a profound impact on everyday life.
Penguatan usaha kelompok budidaya ikan tawar “Mujur Fish Farm” dimasa pandemi Covid-19 dengan membangun mindset and spirit entrepreneur
Authors: Bahri Bahri , Prastyo Widodo , Dwi Nugraha Dicky Dicky Arnendra
Published: January 2022

The rapid spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia led the government to impose physical distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) resulting in declining sales activity. One of the business groups affected by Covid-19 is the Fish Farming Group "Mujur Fish Farm". This devotion aims to foster the mindset and spirit of entrepreneurs, as well as increase knowledge related to the right steps so that products can be sold. The implementation method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) by involving the local community. The stage of implementation is through the stage of preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation, and assessment stages. The achievement of this activity is that group members know how to build an entrepreneur mindset in the Covid-19 pandemic by staying positive and creative.  The rapid spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia led the government to impose physical distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) resulting in declining sales activity. One of the business groups affected by Covid-19 is the Fish Farming Group "Mujur Fish Farm". This devotion aims to foster the mindset and spirit of entrepreneurs, as well as increase knowledge related to the right steps so that products can be sold. The implementation method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) by involving the local community. The stage of implementation is through the stage of preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation, and assessment stages. The achievement of this activity is that group members know how to build an entrepreneur mindset in the Covid-19 pandemic by staying positive and creative.
Peningkatan produktivitas ternak Domba/Kambing melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan teknologi pengolahan pakan
Authors: Nuryati Rina , Faqihuddin Faqihuddin , Bunda Cici Aulia Permata , Ruslan Januar Arifin
Published: January 2022

Tasikmalaya regency has great potential in the development of the livestock sector due to land use which is dominated by agricultural activities as a producer of forage. The current problem is the supply of forage which is influenced by the season. This service program aims to overcome these problems so as to increase the productivity of the livestock business. This service includes several stages, namely counseling, training, monitoring and evaluation and reporting. The time and place of the activity is from 5th June to 15th July 2021 in Setiawaras Village, Tasikmalaya Regency. Extension activities and training on feed processing with M-Bio technology have a positive impact in terms of the quantity and quality of feed. The use of local ingredients and M-Bio produces feed that can be stored for a week with complete nutrient content. In the long term, this activity will increase knowledge, skills and independence of farmers. Results of evaluation show attitude of farmers who are enthusiastic and satisfied with this activity.
Pengembangan ternak Ruminansia terintegrasi di Desa Koto Simandolak Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi: Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak untuk biogas dan pupuk organik
Authors: Bakce Djaimi , Mulyadi Aras , Syahza Almasdi , Saam Zulfan , Adiwirman Adiwirman , Rossi Evy
Published: January 2022

Kuantan Singingi Regency is one of the ruminant-producing districts in Riau Province. Koto Simandolak Village, located in Benai District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, the majority of the people work as farmers. Generally, farmers in Koto Simandolak Village cultivate livestock traditionally, namely by releasing them to the wild. This condition causes several problems including livestock manure, pollution of the village environment, and conflicts with residents. This problem can be solved if the farmer wants to keep the cattle. By holding cattle, the manure will be collected directly in the cage. Animal manure can be processed and used in biogas and organic fertilizer. The Research and Community Services Team of Universitas Riau saw the potential for utilizing livestock manure waste in Koto Simandolak Village. The Team conducts training and assistance in the installation of biogas reactors as well as training and mentoring in the biogas production process using livestock manure. Another output of biogas production is organic fertilizer. The ultimate goal of this service activity is to increase the income of the target community, namely through increasing livestock production, biogas production, and organic fertilizer production.
Do people's perceptions and attitudes associate with enrollment in health insurance in a context of Nepal?
Authors: Acharya Devraj , Devkota Bhimsen , Bhattarai Radha
Published: January 2022

The Government of Nepal introduced the health insurance [HI] program in three districts, in 2016 and now has been expanded almost all districts. Since it was a new initiative, there was no clear evidence on people's attitude, perception, and awareness, which continues until now.  This study, therefore, intended to assess the perception and attitude of household heads towards enrollment in HI.
The descriptive research design was used and 810 households in Baglung and Kailali Districts of Nepal were selected randomly. The interview schedule used for data collection comprised positive and negative statements at a three-point scale as independent variables to explore the perception and attitude of people towards HI and enrollment in HI as a dependent variable.
Most of the respondents agreed with the statement where attitude and perception were significantly associated with the enrollment in HI. Among the 16 statements, 13 statements were observed statistically significant. Among them: 'anyone can enroll easily in HI', 'primary service point is appropriate', 'contribution amount is appropriate', 'coverage amount is appropriate', 'HI may solve the problem',  'proper dissemination of information, education, communication [IEC] materials may help to enroll', 'health services quality has not been improved after enrollment', 'IEC materials are not appropriate', 'HI related queries are addressed timely', 'relatives/neighbors do/did not request me to enroll', 'complaints are not addressed timely', and 'information is not adequate' were the significantly associated for enrollment in HI.
The perception and attitude of the household heads were significantly associated with the enrollment in HI. The study recommends an appropriate IEC campaign for positive perception and attitudes that leads to better participation in HI. The policymaker may consider the findings while planning the program intervention.
Determinants of repayment behaviour of MFI clients in the context of COVID-19: a case study of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sabeena , Thapa Bharat Singh
Published: January 2022

This paper investigated factors affecting repayment performance of MFI clients in the context of COVID-19. Business characteristics, borrowers’ characteristics and lenders’ behavior were identified and predictors of loan repayment. A telephone interview using a full-fledged questionnaire was conducted among randomly chosen 160 loan clients of various microfinance institutions in Mahalaxmi municipality of Lalitpur district during Covid 19 pandemic (June-July, 2020). The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, binary logistic regression analysis analyzed the data and qualitative analysis is done to support the result of research. The finding of study reveals that age of the borrower, educational level of borrowers, types of the business and profit generated business influence the repayment of loan. However, family size, skills, age of business, work performance, transparent communication and clarity of MFI policy does not have any impact on repayment of loan. COVID-19 pandemic has affected all types of business and created poor cash flow in the market and due to lockdown, the source of income has been decreased which causes large number of delay repayment of monthly installment is decrease in profit due to decrease in revenue of the business.
Socio-economic status of the recipients of social security allowance: a case study of Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Ranabhat Deepesh , Adhikari Sujita , Sapkota Pradeep , Ranabhat Mala
Published: January 2022

The research aims to assess the impact of social security allowance on socio-economic status of the recipients and differences in socio-economic status of the recipients. Multistage sampling technique has been used for the selection of samples.  The data has been collected through self-structured questionnaires from 170 respondents who have been receiving social security allowance provided by the Government of Nepal. Thus, descriptive as well as cross-sectional research design has been used for this study. The study found that social security benefits play very important role in improving socio-economic status of the beneficiaries by enhancing the economic well-being, health access, social status, self-respect and respect from others, and living standard of the recipients. The study also found that there is a significant difference in socio-economic well-being of recipients by area of residence, employment status, duration of getting allowance, and allowance as major source of income.
Community-based study on renew or dropout status of social health insurance program in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan
Authors: Subedi Chandan , Paudel Eak Narayan , Koirala Subash , Ghimire Harishchandra , Paudel Amrita
Published: January 2022

Health insurance is emerging as the most preferred form of the health financing mechanism. Higher dropout puts a threat to governments target (Social health security program) of 100% enrolment by 2030.This study aimed at accessing the factors associated with current SHI status (renew or dropout) in Bharatpur metropolitan city.

The community based descriptive cross-sectional study using face to face interview was carried out in Bharatpur Metropolitan city, Chitwan. Total 342 household heads that have enrolled in Social Health Insurance for past year are considered as a sample to describe the Renewal status among SHI Enroll household. We used Pearson’s chi-square test to investigate the effect of some explanatory variables on renewal and dropout status of SHI.

Among 342 household enroll SHI scheme, there were 203(59.4%) Renewed for next year and 139(40.6%) household dropout SHI Scheme. Results shows that current status of SHI (renew or dropout) differ significantly with Sex of household head (P< 0.01), education status (P<0.01), family type (P < 0.01), highest level of education in family (P < 0.01)), presence of children (P < 0.001), presence of pregnant women in family (P = 0.009), presence of ageing population in family (P < 0.001), Disability in family (P = 0.016), Chronic disease in family (P < 0.01).

The study concluded that the influence factors for Renew or Dropout status of SHI were: type of family, household education status, presence of children, pregnant women in family, the ageing population in family, presence of disability and chronic disease in the family.
Odrodzenie moralne społeczeństwa polskiego w refleksji socjologicznej Jana Szczepańskiego
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: January 2022

In this study, Janusz Mariański first presents selected themes from the works of Jan Szczepański, the great representative of Polish sociological thought. These themes include: the moral condition of Polish society (the concept of man and society, the morality of public life, economy and work ethos, manifestations of moral evil, suffering) and moral revival as an idea and reality, with particular emphasis on the issues of individuality. On the basis of these findings, Mariański formulates some general conclusions regarding moral transformations in Polish society and a proposal for changes conducive to moral revival (moral reform, a revitalization of morality, moral education).
„Los granicznej krainy”. Śląsk Cieszyński w socjologicznej refleksji Jana Szczepańskiego
Authors: Sołdra-Gwiżdż Teresa
Published: January 2022

The article is an attempt to reconstruct the image of Cieszyn Silesia contained in the works of Jan Szczepański. The author presents the most important elements of the image of Silesia (the Polish part of Silesia, i.e. the Silesian Voivodeship at that time) drawn by Szczepański in the interwar period, and the image of Cieszyn Silesia in the post-war period. In his opinion, the essence of Silesian reality is conflict and struggle. Treating Cieszyn Silesia as a borderland area with a strongly outlined cultural, religious (Protestant) and aesthetic distinctiveness, he argues about its Polishness, emphasizing that it is a misunderstood region in Poland. The author believes that in Jan Szczepański’s deliberations on Cieszyn Silesia, it is not possible to identify a clear “thinking style”, while Szczepański’s way of thinking about Cieszyn Silesia, despite its fragmentary nature and many understatements, is part of the two most important research paradigms identified in the sociology of Silesia: borderland and multiculturalism.
Thirty Years After: The Dialectics of Confrontation
Authors: Vodolazkin Yevgeny G. , Krastev Ivan , Mahbubani Kishore , Turan Ilter , Freeman Chas W. , Wu Enyuan , Legvold Robert
Published: January 2022

As is often the case, personal changes eventually manifested themselves at the macro level as well, for example, in international relations. The United States and the USSR, which had been trading recriminations in the ideological domain for decades, did not reconcile with the fall of communism in our country. Taken aback by the unexpected collapse of the Soviet Union, the two sides spent a couple of years in a state of indifferent equilibrium, but then reverted to their old ways with renewed vigor.
Alliance-Building in Post-War Europe: Lessons for Russia
Authors: Eriashev Nikita I. , Makarycheva Anna V.
Published: January 2022

Although great powers may forge ad hoc coalitions to attain their short-term goals, this does not diminish the role of long-term strategic alliances. The alliance theory has long become a separate strand of IR. However, most scholars have focused more on external rather than internal threats to account for alliance choices. The authors review the existing literature on the formation of alliances and, shifting the focus to the struggle for power between internal political actors, propose a theory that explains the formation of asymmetric alliances. By extending support to friendly political groups, great powers can build alliances with those countries where the elites are facing formidable opponents. On the contrary, leaders who rule unchallenged have little incentive to rely on external patrons. The article examines the cases of postwar Italy and Yugoslavia to test the proposed hypotheses. The conclusions drawn from the analysis help formulate recommendations that can be used by Russia in its current strategic environment.
North Korean Narrative of the Second World War: Why the Change?
Authors: Tertitskiy Fyodor K.
Published: January 2022

This paper studies North Korea’s official narrative on the Second World War. The country is extremely autocratic, meaning that the only allowed vision is the one prescribed by the state. This vision was initially imprinted by the Soviet Union in the late 1940s. However, the official narrative on the Soviet-Japanese War, which led to the establishment of the North Korean state, has been rewritten: today Pyongyang credits Japan’s defeat to Kim Il-sung and his “Korean People’s Revolutionary Army”—an organization which never existed in reality. This article traces the evolution of the North Korean false narrative and concludes that each of its pages was farther away from historical truth than the previous one.
Russia in the Post-Cold War International Order
Authors: Buzan Barry
Published: January 2022

This paper argues that while Russia has always had a strong need to be acknowledged as a great power, its ability to sustain that position has been under question since the onset of global modernity during the 19th century. Although generally able to sustain a plausible military profile, Russia has been amongst the less successful modern states in economic terms, not least because of its difficulty in establishing an efficient relationship with capitalism. This unbalanced development continues in place today and shows no sign of changing. Russia’s decision to link itself strategically to China, puts its great power status increasingly at risk as it becomes an ever-more junior partner to the rising Asian giant.
The U.S.-China Technological War
Authors: Danilin Ivan V.
Published: January 2022

The technological war, or Tech War, as part of the geopolitical conflict between the United States and China raises a range of questions for researchers, the most important one being the role of digital technologies and markets in international relations and world politics. The article studies the motives and objectives of the Tech War and its long-term effects using available academic literature on sanctions and research data on the digital economy and high-tech markets, including the political aspects of the U.S.-China rivalry. Analogues from the Cold War and other conflicts suggest that the economic purpose of the Tech War is to limit China’s capacity in the long term. However, the new realities transform both the instruments and goals of the traditional superpowers’ economic withstanding. The importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the rise of the digital economy have made traditional geopolitical and market (commercial) dimensions of the conflict intertwined with high technology seen as a strategic resource and a separate area of conflict. As for the role of digital technology in world politics, a reverse process is observed: its importance is growing due to the traditional (geo)political factors, including securitization of the digital sphere, enhanced by the narratives of new technological revolutions. These factors increase the intensity of the Tech War since competition in high-tech markets is perceived as a zero-sum game. However, in the long term, the globalized, highly internationalized nature of digital markets and technologies may lead to the normalization of global processes and world politics.
L’Allemagne exemplaire
Authors: Zapf Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

En 1989, la France a célébré le bicentenaire de la Révolution et la République fédérale d’Allemagne a commémoré son 40e anniversaire ; la République démocratique a fait de même, sous la pression d’une émigration massive et de la montée d’une contestation interne. Quelles différences de perspective et de référence historique ! Mais aussi, combien de similitudes et de convergences au moment où les pays européens s’acheminent vers 1992 et l’an 2000 ! Et enfin, quelle surprise, et aussi quel choc, pour certains, de voir la « question allemande » de nouveau à l’ordre du jour, et qui pourrait modifier la marche prévue de l’intégration européenne.
Existe-t-il encore une société française?
Authors: Touraine Alain
Published: January 2022

La France adopte facilement les changements que les vents de la culture et ceux de l’économie poussent vers elle : elle ne leur résiste pas plus qu’elle ne les produit. Des observateurs voudraient la voir déchirée entre un passé auquel elle reste attachée et un avenir qu’elle désire ; un tel jugement ne correspond pas à la réalité. La France traditionnelle, celle de la vie rurale, de la famille, de l’Église catholique et de ses rites, résiste étonnamment peu aux changements qui la bouleversent . Mais la France modernisante, agent actif de ses propres transformations, est faible : la France est aussi peu progressiste que réactionnaire. Elle est trop occupée à aménager sa vie présente pour lever son regard soit vers l’avenir, soit vers le passé, sauf à l’époque des vacances et les jours de fête. Ce pays qui, si longtemps, vécut scs problèmes sociaux et politiques comme des drames joués sur la scène de l’histoire universelle, qui fut celui des révolutions et des expéditions coloniales, du syndicalisme révolutionnaire et du culte marial, des affrontements entre les pouvoirs établis et les intellectuels, semble sortir de l’exemplarité qui lui convenait si bien, sortir même de l’histoire qu’il ouvrait à coups de pique, de fusil et de discours, et apprendre à se gérer comme un fonds de commerce. Il reste aux extrémités de l’horizon politique des témoins du « progressisme » et du « nationalisme » pas-sés, mais ceux qui s’inquiètent de la montée de J.-M. Le Pcn ou de la résistance de G. Marchais à tous tes bouleversements de l’histoire les traitent plutôt comme des maladies chroniques d’une société, dont la droite comme la gauche se soucient plus de conquérir le centre ou l’entre-deux que de se rapprocher des extrêmes.
L’invention d’une tradition démocratique en Espagne
Authors: Perez-Diaz Victor
Published: January 2022

En une génération, l’Espagne est devenue une économie capitaliste moderne, une démocratie libérale et une société diversifiée et tolérante, largement sécularisée et fondée sur des valeurs communes à tous les pays d’Europe occidentale, en premier lieu la liberté individuelle et les droits de l’homme. C’est l’aboutissement de profondes transformations culturelles et institutionnelles, parmi lesquelles la transition démocratique n’a été qu’un aspect, mais décisif. Bien sûr l’Espagne est encore dans un processus de rattrapage des niveaux de vie et de productivité des nations européennes les plus avancées et de consolidation des iastitutions politiques. Il y a encore un long chemin à parcourir avant que les institutions de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur ne soient au niveau des meilleures institutions mondiales. Mais, malgré ces retards, l’Espagne est en route vers ces objectifs, et les Espagnols pensent qu’ils vont les atteindre prochainement.
Les Européens et les médias
Authors: Guillée Philippe
Published: January 2022

La diversité de la consommation de médias en Europe illustre bien certains problèmes et certains enjeux que pose la construction européenne. Un média est un produit comme un autre, soumis aux règles économiques d’expansion et de rentabilité. L’accélération récente des phénomènes de concentration et d’internationalisation démontre l’importance croissante de l’impératif économique. Pour les annonceurs et les publicitaires, les médias sont la première source de dépenses publi-promotionnelles. Dans un contexte d’internationalisation généralisée de l’économie et des affaires, bien en maîtriser les mécanismes et les coûts devient de plus en plus essentiel.
Le modèle suédois
Authors: de Monthoux Pierre Guillet
Published: January 2022

La Suède est une utopie sociale du modernisme et un îlot de fonctionnalisme neutre depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Quelle sera la voix de la Suède dans le concert discordant, mais porteur d’espoir, de l’’Europe moderne après 1990?
Dominique Schnapper et Henri Mendras
Authors: Carlo Jean-Michel
Published: January 2022

Ce livre est né de la collaboration entre Young & Rubi-cam France et des universitaires. Il est trop rare dans notre pays que des hommes d’entreprises sollicitent les spécialistes des sciences sociales pour réfléchir en commun. Le 25e anniversaire de Young & Rubicam France était l’occasion de cette réunion et, à l’échéance de 1993, le thème s’imposait : Convergences et divergences en Europe. Le colloque a réuni des participants des différents pays européens.
Tocqueville and the writing of American History in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Zunz Olivier
Published: January 2022

The two papers we have just heard ask us to think anew about Tocqueville’s work, especially to pay attention to the origins of his thought. Both François Furet and François Bourricaud insist that no intellectual work - regardless its brilliance - should ever be read out of context. It is especially true of Tocqueville’s work, which has often been invoked, on this side of the Atlantic, as the embodiment of the “liberal tradition,” a tradition that perhaps owes more to Louis Hartz’s conception of the typically American consensus produced by the absence of an aristocracy and the importance of small-producer capitalism than to Tocqueville’s intellectual project. François Furet, in particular, suggests that the endless commentary on Tocqueville as a witness and a forecaster is tangential to Tocqueville’s intellectual project. I should like to build on this particular point to address the issue of Tocqueville’s current relevance to the writing of American history.
Éducation civique, instruction publique et liberté de l’Enseignement dans l’œuvre d’Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Chabot Sonia
Published: January 2022

Tout ce qui se rapporte à l’instruction publique n’a, à première vue, qu’une importance mineure dans l’œuvre d’Alexis de Tocqueville. L’auteur de La Démocratie en Amérique ne fut, il est vrai, ni un pédagogue ni un théoricien de l’enseignement et il ne nous a laissé aucun traité sur l’éducation des enfants. Il n’a pas non plus, comme Guizot, Falloux ou Ferry, donné son nom à quelque loi scolaire marquante et il n’occupa jamais de chaire universitaire. Certains commentateurs ont toutefois conclu un peu rapidement qu’il ne s’intéressait guère à l’instruction publique : les questions touchant à l’éducation auraient été éludées dans son oeuvre et dans ses interventions politiques, ou encore entièrement subordonnées à la religion.
Tocqueville retrouvé
Authors: Aron Raymond
Published: January 2022

Nous ne lisions guère De la Démocratie en Amérique ou L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution, à l’École normale supérieure ou à la section de philosophie de la Sorbonne. Personnellement, j’ai découvert Alexis de Tocqueville au fur et à mesure que paraissaient, les uns après les autres, les tomes des Œuvres complètes. J’ai étudié pour la première fois sa pensée alors que j’occupais une chaire de sociologie, à la fin des années 1950. Je ne lui dois donc pas ma formation bien que j’aie pris plaisir à le citer, voire à me réclamer de lui.
Politique et religion chez Tocqueville
Authors: Antoine Agnès
Published: January 2022

La question des rapports entre politique et religion constitue comme le sujet en profondeur de l’ouvrage de Tocqueville De la Démocratie en Amérique. Pour ramasser brièvement mon point de vue, je serais tentée de dire que Tocqueville y a traité religieusement du politique, et politiquement de la religion. C’est en effet parce qu’il a pris conscience de façon aiguë, à la suite de la nouvelle poussée révolutionnaire de 1830, en France, du caractère « irrésistible » du mouvement égalitaire que Tocqueville décide d’aller étudier in vivo en Amérique les effets de cette forme sociale inéluctable qu’est la démocratie.
L’État et la Révolution : logique du pouvoir monopoliste et mécanismes sociaux dans l’Ancien Régime de Tocqueville
Authors: Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Il n’est guère de sociologue des révolutions qui n’ait rencontré dans ses lectures ou à l’une des étapes de sa pensée l’oeuvre d’Alexis de Tocqueville. Les lecteurs de L’Ancien Régime ont, chacun selon sa sensibilité et ses intérêts théoriques, insisté sur tel ou tel aspect : on l’a tour à tour regardé comme un modèle d’analyse comparée des sociétés comme de phénomènes micrologiques, l’exemple topique de l’étude de vastes processus de modernisation politique avec leurs cycles longs, des mécanismes sociaux aux conséquences paradoxales, une théorie des élites et de l’émergence d’une idéologie, une étude rare du pouvoir absolu et de ses conséquences, enfin une interprétation originale de la Révolution qui rompt avec l’historiographie de son temps.
Réflexions renouvelées sur la rhétorique du project
Authors: Merchant Jennifer
Published: January 2022

« C’est quoi, votre projet ? » Qui n’a pas été sommé de répondre à cette question au moins une fois, sinon à de multiples reprises dans sa vie ? Projet professionnes, projet de recherche, projet de vacances, projet de remise en forme, projet d’aménagement du territoire, projet parental, et sans doute le plus effrayant. projet de vie. Comme l’écrit Marie-Christine Jaillet dans un article passionnant, ce terme, devenu polysémique, a perdu « sinon tout sens, du moins un contene précis ».
Beyond utility? Tocqueville on liberal education, and education for liberty
Authors: Anatanassow Ewa
Published: January 2022

I begin by thanking Alan Kahan for presenting in such dear terms the position, which I will both build upon and beg to disagree with. I take as my point of departure two statements he has made. Let me recall them: Liberal education will be attacked, and defeated, wherever it is not perceived as essential to this goal |of procuring a well-paid job] - in other words, whenever it is truly liberal.
Schumpeter on democratic survival
Authors: Selinger William
Published: January 2022

Joseph Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, first published in 1942, has been called “the most influential twentieth-century approach to the democratic management of power relations.” In that text, Schumpeter famously denies that democracy has any intrinsic value. There is no necessary association between democratic government and the values of equality and liberty. Democracy is merely one method of political organization among many. It means nothing more than that “the people have the opportunity? of accepting or refusing the men who are to rule them,” via “competitive elections” (CSD, 284-285).
Multiple collective identities: The emergence of a new field of research in the social sciences. Introduction
Authors: Tietz Udo , Kantner Cathleen , Overbeck Maximilian
Published: January 2022

Since the end of the Cold War and in this age of globalization, we are witnessing various moments of the opening and closing of collectives. The successful integration and enlargement processes of the European Union were long considered one of the greatest marvels of the 20th century. Here, previously nationalism-driven communities deeply abhorring each other joined a new collective, initially designed mainly as a problem-solving community of economic cooperation and, from the 1990s on, as a political community with common, supranational institutions, which today shape important parts of our everyday life. The EU can perhaps be seen as one of the most spectacular examples of the opening of collectives, but also of the construction of a new narrative allowing the formation of a genuine multiple identity that integrates the European idea as a central component of one’s national identity.
L’Union européenne et le nudging
Authors: Alemanno Alberto
Published: January 2022

Les Etats-Unis ont jusqu’à présent largement dominé le débat concernant l’introduction d’interventions « douces » telles que les nudges, dans l’élaboration des politiques publiques. L’Europe, quant à elle, a jusqu’à présent brillé par son absence. Pourtant, l’Union européenne (UE) et certains de ses membres explorent actuellement la possibilité de façonner leur action politique en s’appuyant sur les enseignements des sciences comportementales. Si les chercheurs s’intéressent surtout aux implications philosophiques, éthiques et abstraites/théoriques de la réglementation façonnée par les sciences comportementales, comme par exemple celles qui concernent l’autonomie, la dignité’ et le développement moral, ce chapitre cartographie et systématise le discours européen naissant sur les nudges.
Nudges : Better choise? Introduction
Authors: Bozzo-Rey Malik , Brunon-Ernst Anne , Waeyenberge Arnaud Van
Published: January 2022

L’ouvrage Nudge de Cass Sunstein et Richard Thaler est singulier à plusieurs titres : il est en effet rare qu’un livre écrit par des universitaires rencontre un succès public, engendre une littérature universitaire foisonnante et soit cité dans des rapports d’organisations publiques ; en d’autres termes, il est rare qu’un ouvrage suscite autant de débats. Car tel est bien la singularité de ce texte : il pense intrinsèquement le lien entre monde universitaire et monde public grâce à cette théorie des désormais fameux nudges (« coups de pouce »), ces arrangements des contextes dans lesquels sont prises les décisions afin de les influencer dans le but d’améliorer le bien-être des individus, voire de la société en général. Thaler raconte ainsi assez humblement : « Nous avions écrit Nudge dans l’espoir timide que quelques personnes avec un peu d’influence pourraient le lire et en concevoir certaines idées politiques utiles ». Il a bel et bien réussi le tour de force de mobiliser à la fois les acteurs universitaires et les décideurs publics.
Rethinking Nudge: Libertarian paternalism and classical utilitarianism
Authors: Itai Hiroaki , Inoue Akira , Kodama Satoshi
Published: January 2022

Recently, libertarian paternalism has been intensely debated. It recommends us to employ policies and practices that “nudge” ordinary people to make better choices without forcing them to do so. Nudging policies and practices have penetrated our society, in cases like purchasing life insurance or a residence. They are also used for preventing people from addictive acts that may be harmful to them in the long run, such as having too much sugary or fatty food. In nudging people to act rationally, various kinds of cognitive effects impacting the consumers’ decision-making process should be considered, given the growing influence of consumer advertising.
The Current Relevance of Democracy in America
Authors: Caplow Theodore
Published: January 2022

Of the great nineteenth-century scholars who founded what we now call the social sciences, Alexis de Tocqueville was by far the most accurate prophet of coming events and conditions. This evening I shall try to analyze the intellectual method that enabled him to foresee the future more clearly than any of his contemporaries. That method seems to me to be as useful today as in 1835.
Beyond 1984: The Future of American Politics
Authors: Lipset Seymour Martin
Published: January 2022

At the start of the sixth year of Ronald Reagan’s presidency, it is possible to note some of the conditions that will affect the choice of his successor in 1988. The best way to anticipate the future is to use our knowledge of the past, basically, to extrapolate trends and cycles. We deal with trends, for example, an increase in the strength of conservatism, or a decline in student activism, by correlating them with concurrent others, such as secular changes in the economy, the occupational structure, levels of education, and the like. In trying to account for periodic reversals from whichever is the dominant direction, we note that trends exhaust themselves, produce countervailing forces, thus resulting in cycles.
L’enseignement public en France : mutations, réactions et perspectives
Authors: Bonifassi Georges
Published: January 2022

Depuis une vingtaine d’années l’évolution des structures et des méthodes éducatives s’est accélérée. De nouvelles conceptions pédagogiques ont fait leur chemin jusqu’aux classes du secondaire sous l’influence des « méthodes Freinet », de Summerhill et autres expériences rousseauistes ; il était interdit d’interdire et necessaire de lutter contre la culture bourgeoise. On tente d’endiguer la « ségrégation sociale » que le système éducatif était censé générer (« il n’y a que 10% de fils d’ouvriers à l’université ») ce qui déboucha sur la réforme Haby (1975) et la suppression des « filières ». Le lycée éclata ou plutôt se scinda en deux : les élèves du premier cycle (6ème à 3ème c’est-à-dire en principe de 11 à 15 ans) furent regroupés dans les « collèges d’enseignement secondaire » (C.E.S.), alors que l’appellation « lycée » était réservée au second cycle (de la 3ème à la « terminale »), ce qui fait penser à la distinction américaine entre « junior high schools » et « high schools ». Certains lycées conservent les petites classes dans leurs murs, mais la plupart des collégiens se retrouvent dans des bâtiments de conception récente, ce qui a son importance : les cours ne se déroulent plus dans un ancien couvent, une ancienne caserne ou de toute façon un bâtiment austère aux murs épais dont on entre ou dont on sort « par la grande porte », jalousement protégé du monde extérieur par des concierges méfiants : l’immense majorité des futurs bacheliers passe désormais par des collèges aux multiples entrées, dans des locaux largement éclairés de grandes baies vitrées. C’était la fin de l’austérité qu’Alain réclamait pour les salles de classes : dans ces collèges bâtis à la hâte (« Un collège par jour »), il est fréquent d’entendre tout ce qui se passe dans la classe voisine pour peu que le professeur y ait le verbe haut ou que les élèves y soient agités.
Le renouveau des études sur la parenté en France
Authors: Dechaux Jean-Hugues
Published: January 2022

Depuis dix ans les études sur la famille française se sont multipliées de façon inattendue. Les sociologues se plaignaient auparavant de n’avoir aucune idée précise sur les structures de parenté, le groupe domestique et leurs transformations. Quelques travaux pionniers et isolés faisaient exception : le colloque organisé par le Centre d’Etudes Sociologiques regroupait des contributions d’auteurs dont aucun n’était spécialiste du sujet. P. H. Chombart de Lauwe et Andrée Michel avaient étudié la vie des familles ouvrières ; Alain Girard publiait en 1964 son étude sur le choix du conjoint. Maigre bilan pour comprendre l’une des struc-tures que l’on s’accordait à juger fondamentale dans la société française et que l’on pensait, par de nombreux indices, en changement profond. Surtout le contraste était frappant avec la foison de recherches qui se menaient dans d’autres domaines : travail, organisation, religion, enseignement, etc.
The Murray Phenomenon
Authors: Glazer Nathan
Published: January 2022

The Reagan years have been a dry season for social policy, and for government programs addressed to the American poor and the American underclass. The administration of President Carter continued to propose new initiatives in welfare policy, health policy, urban policy, though nothing in the end was done. Indeed, analysts have shown that the growth of social programs ceased during the Carter administration, and began a decline that has been spurred by the initiatives of the Reagan administration. But the Reagan administration, in contrast, is committed to nothing new, or only new things that save money.
J. Anthony Lukas: Common Ground
Authors: Wolf Eleanor
Published: January 2022

Common Ground, as the subtitle promises, is the history of A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families. The city is Boston; the central focus of the turbulence is the struggle over the degregation of its schools. Lukas is an intelligent and compassionate observer, a gifted writer who reveals events largely through the eyes of the black Twymons, the Irish-American McGoffs, and the Yankee Divers. He weaves skillfully back and forth with these three families and by book’s end each has had eight full chapters devoted to an account of the decade’s social history as they have experienced it. Interspersed with these chapters are those dealing with key public figures: Judge Garrity; Mayor Kevin White; Boston Globe editor Tom Winship; School Committee Chairwoman Louise Day Hicks; and Cardinal Medeiros.
Lynn Hunt: Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution
Authors: Bryson Scott S.
Published: January 2022

What do interpretations of the French Revolution as diverse as those of Marxist, Tocquevillian, or revisionist historians have in common? According to Lynn Hunt, all share a conscious disregard for, indeed, often a dismissal of, the intentions and the identity of those who made the Revolution. In all three accounts, the specific and unique nature of the Revolutionary project, its immediacy, its innovations, ultimately its lasting creations, are denied. Marxist and Tocquevillian interpretations are caught in a teleological preoccupation with origins and outcomes: the Revolution and its components are the unconscious handmaidens of either the consolidation of bourgeois capitalist hegemony or the modernization of the state. Revisionist historians see the Revolution as an aberration, a historical accident expressing the resentments and the frustrations of a militant minority who possessed no compelling logic behind their actions. Common to all three interpretations is a tendency to transcend the Revolutionary “event,” to consider it as a metaphor for “underlying economic and social interests.” All three share an inability to see the Revolution as an intensely lived, unique experience, whose importance and repercussions its contemporaries were fully conscious of and exploited. In particular, none of the aforementioned schools takes into account perhaps one of the most important and long-lasting inventions of the Revolution: the creation of a new political culture. Lynn Hunt demonstrates how the language, images, rituals, costumes, and daily political activities contributed to conjure up a new French national community that broke consciously with the past. Rather than focusing on how the Revolution divided men, Hunt chooses to examine how it united them into a new political class through the exercise of certain symbolic practices and rhetoric.
Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen, William Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven Tipton: Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life
Authors: Scherer Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Exciting, but difficult to follow; important but containing unacceptable social scientific methodology; significant, yet frustrating. Habits of the Heart is a complex and demanding book full of paradoxical accomplishments. Bcllah et al. arc asking important questions in the classical sociological tradition of community inquiry. The issues they raise should be examined again, and the authors provoke the reader into doing this. For this reason alone, Habits of the Heart is an important book.