bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the ability of CMIP6 HighResMIP models to simulate rainy season precipitation over the Lancang-Mekong River Basin
Authors: Yao Dianwen , Zhang Mingyuan , Peng Yanqiu , Lang Yang
Published: November 2024

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has introduced the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) experiment, allowing unprecedented simulations and predictions of global climate models with high resolution (more than 50 km). This study evaluates the capability of six Global Climate Models (GCMs) of HighResMIP in reproducing rainy season precipitation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. (1) We selected mean precipitation, hourly precipitation frequency and hourly precipitation intensity during the multi-year rainy season as Precipitation Characteristic Indices to evaluate the ability of GCMs. We found that two GCMs, BCC-CSM2-HR and HadGEM3-GC31-HM, demonstrate a strong ability to reproduce the spatial distribution of precipitation indices during the rainy season, outperforming other GCMs and MME-M; (2) Most GCMs and multi-model ensemble mean (MME-M) can reproduce the latitudinal distribution of mean precipitation, hourly precipitation frequency and hourly precipitation intensity, except HadGEM3-GC31-HM (mean precipitation), HiRAM-SIT-LR and NICAM16-8S (hourly precipitation frequency and hourly precipitation intensity); (3) We found that most GCMs overestimate the frequency of light precipitation, which can reach 60%-80%, while the frequency in the ERA5 (the latest fifth generation reanalysis data product launched by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) is 53.9%. However, almost all GCMs underestimate the frequency of moderate precipitation and heavy precipitation. For torrential precipitation, severe torrential precipitation, and extremely torrential precipitation events, most GCMs overestimate their frequency; and (4) Most GCMs can not simulate hourly precipitation well according to the Taylor diagram, because the correlation coefficients of four GCMs are about 0.1 and their normalized standard deviations are greater than 1. However, EC-Earth3P-HR and MRI-AGCM3-2-S demonstrate relatively better performance, with correlation coefficients of 0.42 and 0.36, and the normalized standard deviations are close to the reference. These findings will improve the understanding of GCM precipitation simulation with high spatial resolution and higher temporal resolution.
Problems and Coping Strategies in Clinical Practice in the Department of Endocrinology
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Huang Peiqiang , Huang Peiyi
Published: November 2024

Clinical practice is a necessary learning stage of medical students and an important supplement to classroom learning. Endocrine diseases have a high incidence and involve a wide range of people, and the importance of endocrinology in clinical practice cannot be ignored. At present, there are some problems in the process of internship, such as students' insufficient attention, the effect of traditional teaching is not satisfactory, lack of humanistic quality education of students, the evaluation mechanism lack or not perfect, etc. To solve these problems, teachers in endocrinology department can improve the teaching effect of endocrinology practice by adjusting students' attitude, adopting scientific teaching methods, strengthening the humanistic quality education and improving the assessment system.
The Role of Parenting in Cultivating Environmental Attitudes in Early Childhood in Digital Era
Authors: Tiwi Afwanni Tiwi Afwanni , Alim Rahmawati Nur , Cholimah Nur
Published: November 2024

In this digital era, parenting plays an important role in shaping environmental awareness and nature-friendly behavior in early childhood. Children at this time are often exposed to technology from an early age, so excessive use can affect children's attitudes and behavior towards the environment. This study aims to identify the role of appropriate parenting on environmental care in the digital era in early childhood. This research uses a qualitative study with a literature review research method by collecting various scientific sources. This research aims to convey information about how the role of parenting can affect children's environmental care attitudes in the digital era. An important finding in this study is that the role of parents in shaping children's character, especially in the digital era, is very important. Parents must understand the characteristics of children in the digital era, apply appropriate parenting patterns and build effective communication with children. The importance of applying democratic and authoritative parenting, in helping children develop positive environmental awareness. Therefore, the importance of early religious and moral values education as an effort to instill environmental awareness in children. Parents' involvement in children's learning, both at home and at school, is a key factor in shaping environmental awareness in early childhood.
Implementasi Lean Manufacturing (LM) pada Proses Pengiriman Makanan ke Pelanggan
Authors: Turseno Andi , Nadia Ainun , Aji Sonny Nugroho , Tanisri Roberta Heni Anggit , Kurnia Hibarkah
Published: November 2024

Industri manufaktur makanan merupakan industri yang membutuhkan pengiriman yang cepat dari supplier ke pelanggan. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih terjadi pada perusahaan produk mie instan ini, sering terjadinya keterlambatan dalam pengiriman produk ke pelanggan. Kendala yang dialami selama ini yaitu adanya pemborosan dalam alur proses kegiatan pengiriman barang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya keterlambatan dalam proses pengiriman sehingga dapat meminimalisir limbah dalam proses pengiriman. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Lean Manufacturing (LM) dengan penerapan metode Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT). Penelitian ini menemukan dua kategori jenis limbah yang terjadi pada proses pengiriman produk yaitu limbah menunggu dan kelebihan proses. Selain itu proses muat barang mempunyai pemborosan yang dominan sebesar 85,4% yang terdiri dari 10 aktivitas dengan total waktu siklusnya adalah 27,9 menit. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan proses muat barang menjadi 6 aktivitas dengan total waktu siklusnya adalah 16,21 menit. Tindakan perbaikan sudah dapat menghilangkan 4 aktivitas yang tidak memiliki nilai tambah dan mengurangi waktu siklus proses muat barang selama 11,7 menit atau sekitar 42% dari waktu siklus sebelumnya.
Systematic Review Logistik Kemanusiaan di Indonesia: Tinjauan dan Usulan Untuk Penelitian Masa Depan
Authors: Zaitun  , Karim Ladesi Vivian
Published: November 2024

Logistik kemanusiaan adalah elemen penting dalam mitigasi dan respons terhadap bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia, salah satu negara dengan frekuensi bencana tertinggi di dunia. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan hasil penelitian tentang logistik kemanusiaan di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian, dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk penelitian di masa depan. Berdasarkan analisis literatur, tantangan utama logistik kemanusiaan di Indonesia mencakup kendala geografis, infrastruktur yang tidak memadai, dan koordinasi yang kurang efektif antara berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Teknologi seperti big data dan GIS mulai diadopsi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, namun penggunaannya masih terbatas. Studi ini menyoroti perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang adopsi teknologi digital, keterlibatan sektor swasta, dan pengelolaan logistik selama fase pemulihan. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan yang berguna untuk memperkuat respons bencana dan pengelolaan logistik yang lebih baik di masa depan.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Regarding Sustainable Kitchen Garden: A Study Among Urban Women Homemakers in Lucknow, India
Authors: Pandey Bharti , Verma Shikha
Published: November 2024

Kitchen gardens, also known as vegetable gardens or potage gardens, have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their numerous benefits, including providing fresh produce, reducing food miles, and promoting a connection with nature. However, ensuring the sustainability of these gardens is crucial to maximising their environmental, social, and economic benefits. The sustainable development of kitchen gardens requires a holistic approach that integrates ecological principles, efficient resource management, and community engagement. By implementing strategies such as promoting biodiversity, managing soil health, conserving water, reducing waste, optimising energy usage, and fostering community involvement, kitchen gardens can serve as models of sustainable food production that contribute to environmental stewardship, social well-being, and food security for current and future generations. Education and outreach programs for homemakers can contribute to cultivating sustainability. We conducted this study among women homemakers in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the development of a sustainable kitchen garden. The study's findings revealed that while housewives possess sufficient knowledge about kitchen gardening techniques and environmentally friendly resource usage, many do not utilize them for social and economic benefits. We found the highest percentage of homemakers who make kitchen gardening their hobby. We strongly felt the need for environmental education and training to develop knowledge about environmental protection and sustainability.
Augmented Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability and Enhanced Doxorubicin Delivery in Rat Brain Tumor Models Through Additional Focused Ultrasound Stimulation
Authors: Choi Hyo Jin , Han Mun , Jung Byeongjin , Huh Hyungkyu , Lee Eun-hee , Choi Jong-ryul , Park Juyoung
Published: November 2024

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising technique for temporarily disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents. Despite its potential, optimizing FUS to maximize drug delivery while minimizing adverse effects remains a significant challenge. In this study, we evaluated a novel FUS protocol that incorporates additional FUS stimulation without microbubbles (MBs) ("FUS protocol") prior to conventional BBB disruption with MBs ("BBBD protocol") in a rat brain tumor model (n = 35). This approach aimed to validate its effectiveness in enhancing BBB/BTB disruption and facilitating doxorubicin delivery. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI demonstrated significant increases in signal intensity and permeability (Ktrans) in the tumor region under the "FUS + BBBD protocol”, with 2.65-fold and 2.08-fold increases, respectively, compared to the non-sonicated contralateral region. These values were also elevated compared to the conventional "BBBD protocol" by 1.45-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively. Furthermore, doxorubicin delivery in the targeted region increased by 1.91-fold under the "FUS + BBBD protocol”, compared to a 1.44-fold increase using the conventional "BBBD protocol”. This novel FUS approach offers a promising, cost-effective strategy for enhancing drug delivery to brain tumors. While further studies are required to assess its applicability with different chemotherapeutics and tumor types, it holds significant potential for improving brain tumor treatment in both preclinical and clinical settings.
Divide-and-conquer strategy with engineered “ossification center” organoids for rapid bone healing via recruiting developmental cell community
Authors: Ouyang Hongwei , Zhang Xianzhu , Jiang Wei , Wu Xinyu , Xie Chang , Zhang Yi , Gu Yuqing , Hu Zihao , Li Liying , Liang Renjie , Zhang Tao , Sun Wei , Ye Jinchun , Wei Wei , Wang Xiaozhao , Hong Yi , Zhang Shufang , Cai Youzhi , Zou Xiaohui , Hu Yihe
Published: November 2024

Current approaches for bone repair are often focused on local delivery of growth factors that are aimed at coupled angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, delayed revascularization and regeneration of severe bone defects are still challenging. In this study, we engineered an ossification center-like organoid (OCO) that consist of inner-core bone morphogenetic and neurotrophic spheroid generated via MSCs-loaded 3D printing, alongside the interstitially distributed outer-shell proangiogenic neurotrophic phase. Our results demonstrate that collective implantation of OCOs achieved rapid bone bridging with successive OC-like bone ossicles formation across the bone defect in a “divide-and-conquer” way. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis unveiled a developmentally mimicking stem cell community that dominated with Krt8+ skeletal stem cells (SSCs) was uniquely recruited by the pro-regenerative in-situ organoid fusion and maturation. Particularly noteworthy is the specific expansion of Krt8+ SSCs concomitant with the simultaneous reduction of Has1+ migratory fibroblasts (MFs) 2 weeks post-OCO implantation. Furthermore, cross-species comparisons employing machine learning revealed high resemblance of relative Krt8+ SSCs/Has1+ MFs composition in bone regeneration with that in public data from developmental bone tissues. Our findings advocate an approach akin to “divide-and-conquer” utilizing engineered OC-like organoids for prompt regeneration of large-sized bone defects.
Fake news Detection on online Social Media
Authors: Deshmukh Ashwini , Govilkar Sharvari
Published: November 2024

In today's digital age, social media platforms are key for information sharing, but they also facilitate the rapid spread of fake news, especially during events like the COVID-19 pandemic. A system has been developed to address this issue by categorizing news articles into six categories, from "true" to "pants on fire." Data is gathered from diverse sources like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and trusted organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. Techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and machine learning algorithms, including Bi-LSTM neural networks with attention mechanisms, help improve detection accuracy. Despite challenges with multi-class datasets, the system achieved 51% accuracy and a 44.9% F-score. The system also assesses the credibility of news sources and authors by evaluating social media activity and potential biases. Further improvements are sought to refine performance and expand across social media platforms.
ATP6V1C1 and COPA: Autophagy-Related Markers for Tracking Progression from AKI to CKD—A Multi-Omics Investigation
Authors: Wang Yaojun , Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

This study explored the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on autophagy-related genes and their immune infiltration during the transition from AKI to CKD. We performed weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) using two microarray datasets (GSE139061 and GSE66494) in the GEO database, and identified autophagy signatures by KEGG, GO, and GSEA enrichment analysis. Machine learning algorithms such as LASSO, random forest and XGBoost were used to construct the diagnostic model, and the diagnostic performance of GSE30718 (AKI) and GSE37171 (CKD) was used as validation cohorts to evaluate its diagnostic performance. The study identified 14 autophagy candidate genes, among which ATP6V1C1 and COPA were identified as key biomarkers that were able to effectively distinguish between AKI and CKD. Immune cell infiltration and GSEA analysis revealed immune dysregulation in AKI, and these genes were associated with inflammation and immune pathways. Single-cell analysis showed that ATP6V1C1 and COPA were specifically expressed in AKI and CKD, which may be related to renal fibrosis. In addition, drug prediction and molecular docking analysis proposed SZ(+)-(S)-202-791 and PDE4 inhibitor 16 as potential therapeutic agents. In summary, this study provides new insights into the relationship between AKI and CKD and lays a foundation for the development of new treatment strategies.
Is Botulinum Toxin-A the Breakthrough in Premature Ejaculation Treatment? Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Mubarak Mohamed , Isa Qasim , Modgil Vaibhav , Pearce Ian
Published: November 2024

The ejaculatory reflex consists of emission and expulsion, with the latter involving rhythmic muscular contractions that propel seminal fluid. Botulinum toxin, through its inhibitory effects, has been hypothesized to improve premature ejaculation (PE). This study evaluates high-quality evidence on botulinum toxin-A injections into the bulbospongiosal muscle as a treatment for PE. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials following PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes included intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) scores, and complications. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and R. ROB-2, Eggers test, and GRADE assessed risk of bias, publication bias, and certainty of evidence. Three randomised controlled trials were eligible, and covered data from 228 patients with 1:1 randomisation into intervention and control arms (100 units of BOTOX in 10mLs versus 10mLs of 0.9% NaCl). IELT & PEP scores demonstrated improvements at 1, 3, and 6 months, however, statistically significant was not achieved. Post-procedural complications were higher in the BOTOX group; however, all adverse effects were self-resolving. Given our findings, current high-quality evidence does not support using Botulinum Toxin-A in the management of premature ejaculation. Larger scale & standardised RCTs are recommended to conclusively outline its clinical benefits.
Platelet-specific TGFβ deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation and hypercholesterolemia in mice
Authors: Tan Shuai , Sun Yang , Sheng Zi , Min Yanan , Gisterå Anton , Zhang Junhao , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Liao Wangjun , Andersson John , Hu Hu , Wang Miao , Hou Ming , Zhang Mingxiang , Peng Jun , Ma Chunhong , Li Nailin
Published: November 2024

Background
Atherosclerosis involves inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms, to which platelets, CD4+ T effector cells, and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) all contribute importantly. Platelets are the principal source of circulating TGFβ, which profoundly regulates CD4+ T effector cell responses. The impact of platelet-derived TGFβ on atherosclerosis is, however, unknown.
Objectives
The present work investigated how platelet-specific TGFβ-deficiency impacts CD4+ T effector cell responses and atherogenesis.
Methods
Murine platelet-selective TGFβ-deficiency (plt-TGFβ−/−) was created by a Pf4-Cre approach, and an atherosclerotic mouse model was established by functional abrogation of Ldlr and 10–15 weeks of a high-fat diet in plt-TGFβ−/− mice and their non-plt-TGFβ−/− littermates.
Results
En face Oil Red O staining of the aorta showed more atherosclerotic lesion formation in plt-TGFβ−/− mice, with significant increases in both lesion size and lesion coverage of the total aortic area. Cryosections of the aortic root confirmed the aggravation of atherogenesis. Platelet-derived TGFβ deficiency increased circulating platelets and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides after a 10 or 15 week high-fat diet period. RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses of the aorta showed signs of CD4+ T effector cell and macrophage activation in plt-TGFβ−/− mice.
Conclusions
Platelet-specific TGFβ deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis, via increasing arterial inflammation and plasma levels of cholesterol. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-derived TGFβ is prominently athero-protective.
Combating Deepfakes: An Entropy-Aware Framework for Detecting Forged Visual and Textual Information
Authors: Wu Hongchen , Jing Zhaorong , Fang Xiaochang , Li Hongxuan , Li Meng , Yu Hongzhu , Yu Bing , Zhang Huaxiang
Published: November 2024

The rise of deepfakes and users' susceptibility to online manipulation underscore the critical need for effective detection methods in scholarly research. Detecting multimodal deepfakes—particularly in inflammatory posts—poses unique challenges, as these combine multiple media types to increase believability and emotional impact. To address this, we propose the DEFUTE framework, an entropy-based method that assesses feature consistency across images and text through four modules: deepfake detection, image similarity, text similarity, and text-image matching. Using the DamCNN algorithm, DEFUTE identifies facial forgeries, while image and text similarity modules analyze key visual and semantic features. The text-image matching module verifies alignment between descriptions and images to spot discrepancies. DEFUTE demonstrates high accuracy in identifying deepfake content, with future efforts focused on enhancing generalization and integrating multimodal data for even greater precision.
Words from the Wards: Paronyms in Medical Article Titles
Authors: Lysanets Yuliia , Bieliaieva Olena , Uvarkina Olena , Skrypnikova Taisa , Kiryk Tamara , Khmil Tetiana , Hutsol Mariia
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the use of paronyms in article titles sourced from the PubMed database. The study identified 43 paronymic pairs, 6 paronymic triads, and 1 paronymic tetrad across 207 medical article titles. We analyzed the detected paronymic lexemes in terms of their etymology, morphology, orthography, phonology, stylistic features, and pragmatic functions. In medical article titles, paronyms underlie paronomasia (puns), alliteration, antithesis, rhetorical questions, metaphor, repetition, and rhyme. These rhetorical devices ensure the compelling and memorable effect of article titles that not only capture readers’ attention but also convey the complexity and highlight the relevance of the papers’ content. Other pragmatic functions of paronyms in article titles include establishing tone, inducing curiosity, creating ambiguity, and encouraging exploration. By examining how paronyms are used in article titles, EAP students and early career writers can develop a deeper understanding of the subtle distinctions between paronymic lexemes and subsequently use them correctly, recognize the rhetorical devices and employ the pragmatic strategies in academic writing, thus enhancing their language proficiency and developing critical thinking skills. This will ultimately promote mastery of the skills needed to create engaging and compelling titles, which can increase the visibility and impact of research articles.
Strong Nonreciprocity in a Bistable Pendulum with Contactless Coupling to a Monostable Pendulum
Authors: Rouleau Michael , Booker Zachary , Shi Chengzhi , Meaud Julien
Published: November 2024

This article studies the nonreciprocity of a system that consists of a bistable element coupled to a monostable element through a contactless magnetic interaction. To illustrate the concept, the bistable element is physically realized using a pendulum that interacts with a stationary magnet and the monostable element is a classical pendulum. A numerical model is implemented to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Both simulations and experiments show that the system exhibits a strong amplitude-dependent nonreciprocity in response to initial excitations. At small input amplitudes, the system has an intrawell response with minimal transmission of energy whether the excitation is exerted on the side of the bistable pendulum or on the other side. However, at high input amplitude, a strong nonreciprocal behavior is observed: excitation of the bistable pendulum causes an interwell response which considerably reduces the distance between the two pendulums and allows energy to be efficiently transmitted through the contactless magnetic interaction; excitation of the monostable pendulum does not cause any interwell response and results in limited energy transmission. The combination of bistability and contactless nonlinear interactions allows the system to exhibit very strong amplitude-dependent nonreciprocity, which may be useful in a wide range of applications.
Global Stability Ensured Controller Design for Nonlinear Markov Jump Systems Based on Contraction Theory
Authors: Xv Wenxin , Wan Haiying , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel state feedback controller design method based on contraction theory for continuous-time nonlinear Markov jump systems (NMJSs) to achieve the global stability. The developed approach employs the concept of virtual displacement to transform the global stability problem in Riemannian space into a piece wise local analysis. To address the limitations of traditional Lyapunov methods that rely on the initial values of system states and information at equilibrium points, a Lyapunov-like function is constructed in the tangent space of the system’s state space. The constructed function evolves dynamically with variations in both time and state. This allows for stability analysis that does not depend on initial conditions or equilibrium information. As a result, the global stability of NMJSs is guaranteed. Furthermore, a state feedback control methodology is developed to make the designed controller effective on a global scale. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are illustrated through both a numerical example and an application to aircraft.
Establishment of a depression model using dexamethasone-treated three-dimensional cultured rat cortical cells
Authors: Seo Mi Kyoung , Jeong Sehoon , Cheon Woo Seok , Lee Dong Yun , Lee Sumin , Lee Gyu-Hui , Kang Deok-Gyeong , Seog Dae-Hyun , Kim Seong-Ho , Lee Jung Goo , Park Sung Woo
Published: November 2024

In vitro models are useful for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired neuroplasticity in depression. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional spheroid model using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to investigate its effects on key pathways involved in neuroplasticity, specifically focusing on BDNF, sirtuin 1, and mTORC1 signaling. A micro-spheroid device was fabricated using photolithography and soft lithography, and cortical spheroids were generated from primary rat cortical cells. These spheroids were treated with varying concentrations of dexamethasone, and their structure included neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Dexamethasone treatment (100, 200, and 300 µM) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, BDNF mRNA expression, and neurite outgrowth. At 100 µM, dexamethasone reduced the expression of BDNF and sirtuin 1 and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2. It also lowered the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K, as well as synaptic proteins such as PSD-95 and GluA1. Dexamethasone treatment inhibited pathways related to neuroplasticity. While the dexamethasone-treated spheroids may serve as a basis for developing an in vitro model of depression, further validation is required to confirm its broader applicability.
A Review of challenges and solution in the detection of disease in the Brinjal leaves
Authors: Abisha S. , Stephen S. Frank
Published: November 2024

Crop damage and monetary losses occur due to plant diseases. At specified periods, farmers closely monitor their crops in the field to look for infections or diseases. In place of manual diagnosis, computers have been used to provide computerized tracking and recognition of a variety of diseases.This study makes a contribution to denoising algorithms that improve contrast, edge details and picture details. To isolate the leaf affected area, segmentation was carried out. Image fusion is performed using the segmented image obtained from several segmentation techniques, and features are extracted according to structural, texture, and color criteria. Furthermore, an image fusion technique based on Discrete Shearlet Transforms (DST) is applied to improve imaging quality while reducing redundancy. The color, texture, and structural elements of the fused images are retrieved and fed into the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for classification, resulting in improved performance. When compared to other classification methods (SVM, MSVM, FFNN, and RFNN), the accuracy required for the DST-based fusion approach and the Radial Basis Function Neural Network is relatively high. The classification accuracy was 99.35%, with 89.24% sensitivity, 94.67% specificity, and 90.12% precision.
Evaluation of permafrost environmental sustainability based on the game theory and cloud matter-element extension method
Authors: Ye Yi-Ning , Chou Ya-Ling , Cao Wei , Xu Jia-Wei , Wang Ai-Jun
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the uncertainties and the randomness and fuzziness of classification grade boundary in the existing evaluation of permafrost environmental sustainability, a comprehensive model based on game theory and cloud matter-element extension model (CMEEM) was proposed. Based on game theory, the combination weights of each indicator were obtained by integrating the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and entropy weight method. Thus, the combination of subjective and objective weights was realized. Using the advantages of uncertainty inference and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cloud matter-element extension model, a comprehensive evaluation vector was obtained by calculating the membership degree between the subject element and the hierarchical cloud. Then, the evaluation grade was determined according to the principle of maximum membership degree. Taking the case area along the Chaida’er-Muli Railway as an example, the expected value Ex was 3.811, and the grade is IV, indicating that the permafrost level was good, but the phenomenon of permafrost degradation has begun to appear in this region. The case study showed that the evaluation results of the model are objective and accurate, consistent with the actual situation and other research. This comprehensive model can provide a new method for the evaluation of permafrost environment sustainability and obtain more information.
Unequal Emissions, Unequal Impacts: How High-Income Groups Disproportionately Contribute to Climate Extremes Worldwide
Authors: Schoengart Sarah , Nicholls Zebedee , Hoffmann Roman , Pelz Setu , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: November 2024

One of the fundamental injustices of climate change is that those least responsible often bear the brunt of its impacts.
This injustice persists not only between countries but also on the individual level within societies. Here, we assess
how greenhouse gas emissions from consumption and investments attributable to the wealthiest population groups
from 1990 to 2019 have influenced present-day (2020) global mean temperature levels as well as monthly temperature
and potential drought extremes. We combine emission inequality data with an emulator-based modelling framework,
enabling a systematic attribution of changes in regional extremes worldwide. We find that the top 10% wealthiest
individuals globally contributed about 6.5 times the global average to global warming (0.40°C ± 0.16°C), the top 1%
even 20 times the average (0.12°C ± 0.05°C). These disproportionate contributions further amplify for extreme events,
with the top 10% contributing about 7 times more to the emergence of 1-in-100 year heat and potential drought events
than the global average (11.5 ± 3.9 and 4.7 ± 2.8 additional occurrences), the top 1% 25 times more (4.0 ± 1.3
and 1.7 ± 0.9 additional occurrences). Emissions from the the wealthiest 10% in the United States and China, the
two largest greenhouse gas emitters, are associated with a two- to three-fold increase in the frequency of heat and
drought extremes across vulnerable regions. Quantifying the relationship between wealth disparities and climate
change impacts can assist the discourse on climate equity and justice.
Dual-Channel Branch Mechanism-basedVisual Defect Detection
Authors: Xu Jianbing , Zhou Jiangxin , Xu Dongxu , Chen Yu
Published: November 2024

Recently, defect detection has received widespread attention in the fields of graphic images and multimedia vision. Although existing visual detection methods have achieved promising performance, they are mainly targeted at object detection tasks under ideal conditions (sufficient lighting, clean background, etc.). When faced with complex and harsh conditions in reality (such as excessive line of sight and noisy background), the performance drops sharply. To address the potential hazards posed by abnormal interferences in power transmission lines due to natural environmental factors and human activities (such as bird nests, bird damage, foreign object coverage, and construction work), this paper proposes a defect detection algorithm for distribution lines based on a dual-branch mechanism. The proposed method first effectively locates and extracts the features of distribution line defects (bird nests, bird damage, foreign object coverage, and construction work). It then integrates a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) to achieve multi-scale feature fusion, enhancing the prominence of defect areas to improve the accuracy and robustness of the model in target detection tasks. Finally, utilizing the dual-branch mechanism facilitates multi-task learning for both classification and regression training of defects. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the widely adopted standard architecture deep models in terms of effectiveness, better meeting the practical requirements of industrial inspections and the visual applications for graphic images. Source code can be found at: https://github.com/jxsiaj/DCBM.git.
Sows experiencing more severe white line lesions and heel overgrowth and erosion had poorer farrowing performance, regardless of parity order, in Brazilian commercial herds
Authors: Klein Alan A. , Kramer Ton , Cornelison Alyssa S. , Rapp Christof , Langer Stefan , Socha Mike T. , Rodrigues Lucas A.
Published: November 2024

Background
Claw lesions are a major contributor to lameness, significantly affecting sow welfare, yet the relationship between farrowing performance and lesion severity is underexplored. This study used a multivariate approach to examine the link between farrowing performance—total piglets born (TB), piglets born alive (BA), and stillbirth rate (SBR)—and various claw lesions.
Results
The sows were clustered into two groups (C1 and C2) using k-means clustering based on claw lesions and farrowing performance. Clusters differed notably in heel overgrowth and erosion (HOE), white line (WL), lesion index (L-Index), and stillbirth rate (SBR), which decreased from C1 to C2, while BA increased (P < 0.05). Linear (LR) and quadratic (QR) models were applied to assess relationships among claw lesions, farrowing performance, and parity order (PO). Additionally, linear mixed models evaluated the effects of claw lesion severity on farrowing performance and vice versa. Parity order progression increased the severity of HOE and L-Index and decreased the severity of WL in C1 (P < 0.05). Parity order had a concave quadratic effect on TB and BA and a convex quadratic effect on SBR across clusters (P < 0.05). Sows scored 3 for HOE had the highest SBR, while those scored 0 and 1 had the lowest, independent of cluster (P < 0.05). Farrowing performance did not influence lesion severity (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that Brazilian sows with severe claw lesions, especially WL and HOE, have poorer farrowing outcomes, as indicated by increased SBR, regardless of PO.
A decoupling attempt study of China's marine fishery's economic production and carbon emissions
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Hakimova Yegana
Published: November 2024

While the marine capture fishing industry contributes significantly to economic growth, it also leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions. To improve the financial efficiency of this sector while managing its environmental impact, it is essential to understand the relationship between revenue generation and greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines the correlation between emissions and revenue in marine capture fisheries, identifying key variables influencing carbon emissions. Additionally, it evaluates the effectiveness of separation efforts in China’s coastal fisheries using the separation directory, breakdown method, and separation framework.
The findings highlight the following: (i) The separation condition has improved across all coastal regions, with Guangdong showing the most robust and stable separation. (ii) Fossil content plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing separation efforts, while the structure of commerce remains a significant barrier to further progress in most regions. (iii) All coastal areas made notable efforts to decouple emissions from economic activity, with more than half of the regions implementing significant separation initiatives.
These results underscore the need for targeted policies to enhance separation efforts and reduce the environmental impact of marine capture fisheries.
A New Approach to Ransomware Detection Using Hierarchical Entropic Pattern Analysis
Authors: Plott Laurence , Pennington James , Kingsley Thomas , Wainwright Emily , Lamberton Arthur
Published: November 2024

The escalating sophistication of cyber threats, characterized by increasingly complex attack vectors and adaptive malicious software, requires the development and implementation of innovative detection methodologies that can effectively identify and mitigate these evolving threats. The Hierarchical Entropic Pattern Analysis (HEPA) framework offers a novel approach to identifying ransomware activities through multi-layered entropy analysis. By examining entropy variations across hierarchical data structures, HEPA effectively distinguishes between benign and malicious behaviors. The system's modular design ensures seamless integration with existing cybersecurity infrastructures, promoting scalability and adaptability. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate HEPA's high detection accuracy and low false positive rates across diverse ransomware variants. Resource utilization assessments indicate minimal impact on system performance, affirming the framework's operational efficiency. Detection latency measurements reveal prompt identification of ransomware activities, enabling timely intervention. The analysis of entropic patterns provides deeper insights into ransomware encryption behaviors, enhancing threat intelligence. Comparative analyses highlight HEPA's superiority over traditional detection methods, showing its potential to advance cybersecurity defenses. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of entropy-based detection mechanisms and their practical applications in combating sophisticated cyber threats.
Russian Geographical Terminology in Vvozhdenie v kosmografiiu: A Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Н.В. Николенкова
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена описанию структуры предисловия к переводу «Атласа Блау», который был сделан в 1650-е годы в Москве кружком Епифания Славинецкого. В ряде списков это предисловие носит название «Ввождение в космографию». Мало изученный лингвистами, этот текст является ценным источником по истории языка. Мы покажем, что целый ряд научных терминов, которые обычно считаются введенными в оборот в начале XVIII в., впервые употреблены на 50 лет ранее в тексте «Ввождения в Космографию». Кроме того, Славинецкий и его помощники предвосхитили развитие научной терминологии, предложив разные варианты передачи иностранных (латинских) лексем.
Из новых польских трудов по истории географии
Authors: Е. Стшельчик
Published: November 2024

Обзор посвящен важнейшим исследовательским тенденциям и достижениям польских историков античной и средневековой географии и картографии. Менее детально затрагивается также история географии более поздних периодов (до XVIII в. включительно).
Известие о «северных скифах» («росах») в трактате «Тактика» византийского императора Льва VI Мудрого
Authors: А.С. Щавелев
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируется текст известия главы «Наумахика» из трактата «Тактика» императора Византии Льва VI Мудрого, в котором описываются корабли «северных скифов» в сравнении с кораблями сарацин. В одной из древнейших рукописей, Ambros. B 119-sup. (начало второй половины X в.), содержащих данное известие, есть уточнение, что эти «северные скифы» называются Ῥῶς. Сопоставление списков трактата «Тактика», стиля текста данного известия и исторических реалий, которые он содержит, говорит  в пользу того, что в изначальном тексте трактата времени Льва VI этноним Ῥῶς, был. Таким образом, перед нами первое упоминание «росов» в византийской литературе, не связанное непосредственно с описанием набега руси в 860 г. Это известие «Тактики» вписывается в совокупность текстов, содержащих упоминания Руси, конца IX – начала X в. Это — «Житие патриарха Игнатия» Никиты Давида Пафлагона, протограф 42 главы трактата «Об управлении империей» Константина VII Багрянородного, военно-канцелярские заметки о походах на Крит, вошедшие в трактат «О церемониях» Константина VII Багрянородного, сообщение хроники Псевдо-Симеона о «роса-дромитах». Можно говорить о небольшом, но вполне информативном комплексе известий о Руси и росах в текстах времени Льва VI Мудрого.
История названий Аравии: Так называемая Первая Аравия
Authors: М.Д. Бухарин
Published: November 2024

«Перипл Эритрейского моря» содержит единственное во всех античной литературе упоминание о «Бывшей Первой Аравии»: τῆς πρώτης γενομένης Ἀραβίας. Анализ рукописной традиции показывает, что это понятие в оригинале следует читать и интерпретировать как «так называемая Счастливая Аравия».
Веб-картографический ресурс «Источники по исторической географии Бежецкого Верха»
Authors: А.А. Фролов , А.А. Голубинский
Published: November 2024

В статье публикуется описание технологии создания исторической геоинформационной системы, доступной пользователю через сеть Интернет (веб-ГИС), которая визуализирует историко-географические данные основных источников по исторической географии Бежецкого Верха: картографических материалов Генерального межевания конца XVIII в., писцовых, переписных и межевых книг, чертежей XVII в., актов феодального землевладения и дозорных епархиальных описаний XV–XVI вв. Бежецкий Верх — регион, в верхнем течении р. Мологи, где интересы Новгорода сталкивались с притязаниями великих и удельных князей. Многие вопросы, важные для изучения русской истории XI–XVIII вв. в целом, могут решаться только при обращении к исторической карте данного региона. Предлагаемый вниманию пользователя ресурс призван способствовать научному изучению региона, а также развитию образовательного потенциала всех, кто интересуется русской историей и историей края.
Первая всемирная конференция Ассоциации исследований приграничья
Authors: М.Е. Проскурякова , В. Кайсто
Published: November 2024

Обзор Первой всемирной конференции Ассоциации исследований приграничья, прошедшей в Йоэнсуу и Санкт-Петербурге с 9 по 13 июня 2014 г.
Influência da Atividade Física na Modulação do Risco Cardiovascular
Authors: Sousa Amanda Eduarda Vorpagel de , Botelho Emanuelle Siqueira , Amorim Kécia Cristina Faria de Oliveira , Araujó Danielle Silva , Silva Pedro Filipe , Figueredo Julia Barros dos Santos , Tavares Ana Laura de Deus , Messac Camila Alves
Published: November 2024

O sistema cardiovascular desempenha um papel vital na manutenção da homeostase corporal, garantindo o transporte eficiente de sangue oxigenado e nutrientes para todas as regiões do organismo humano. Diante da ampla mortalidade relacionada aos riscos cardiovasculares, a relevância desse tema é cada vez mais destacada na saúde pública, permeando diversas áreas da medicina em cenários cotidianos. A atividade física emerge como um elemento de extrema importância na mitigação dos efeitos das patologias cardíacas e vasculares já estabelecidas, além de ser reconhecida como a principal forma de prevenção dessas condições. Assim, este estudo, por meio da revisão de bibliografias, objetiva um aprofundamento do tema, visando ampliar o conhecimento científico e promover intervenções mais eficazes nos cuidados da saúde, destacando também a importância da identificação precoce e tratamento dos fatores de risco modificáveis, com ênfase na relevância da atividade física para a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Logo, este estudo irá propor a promoção da prática regular de exercícios físicos como prioridade nas estratégias de saúde pública, visando reduzir a incidência de doenças cardiovasculares e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população em geral.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MANDIBLE AND CONDYLAR POSITION IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II DIV 2 INCISOR PATTERN AFTER ALIGNMENT AND LEVELLING PHASE- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Bhattacharya Preeti , Fatima Zarin , Kumar Chandana Anil , Singh Shivani , Bhandari Ravi
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the changes in mandible and condylar position in between pre and post alignment of maxillary arch in patients with class II div 2 incisor pattern.

Material and Method: CBCT and lateral cephalogram of 13 subjects of class II div 2 incisor pattern were taken in maximum dental intercuspation with the FH plane parallel to the floor. Dolphin Imaging 11.95 premium software was used to make all the tracings and measurements. All subjects were treated by non-extraction orthodontic therapy and were analyzed at two points of time i.e pre-treatment and post-levelling and alignment of maxillary arch. Angular and linear measurements were analyzed (5 CBCT parameters and 7 Lateral cephalogram parameters) in both vertical and horizontal plane.

Result: With the increase of inclination of upper incisors and opening bite, a statistically significant positional change was noted in the condylar position both in the vertical and sagittal directions. Statistically significant increase was also observed in effective mandibular length and mandibular plane angle.

Conclusion: Better condylar position and mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies associated with class II div 2 malocclusion can be addressed only by correcting the maxillary labial segment.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PILONIDAL SINUS: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF APPROACHES AND OUTCOMES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: C. Pavan , K.C Chandrashekaraiah , T. Kiran , P. Shashidhara
Published: November 2024

Background: Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic condition affecting the sacrococcygeal region, often caused by friction and shearing forces between the buttocks, leading to hair penetration and subsequent infection. Various surgical approaches are used for treatment, each with distinct outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to assess and compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques in the management of pilonidal sinus disease, specifically evaluating simple excision with closure and excision with flap reconstruction.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 20 patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Chamarajanagar from May 2022 to April 2023. The collected data included age, gender, duration of symptoms, history of prior surgery, and early postoperative complications. Patients who underwent simple excision with primary closure or excision with flap reconstruction (Limberg flap) were included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient demographics, surgical outcomes, and complications.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.4 years (range: 12-37). Of the 20 patients, 13 were male (65%) and 7 were female (35%). Symptoms ranged from 1 to 8 months (mean: 4.6 months). The majority of patients (70%) presented with seropurulent discharge, followed by pain in 30% of cases. Simple excision with closure required a longer healing time and was associated with wound dehiscence (33%), necessitating outpatient wound care. Excision with Limberg flap reconstruction was performed in 12 patients, with a procedure time of 100 minutes and a hospital stay of 6-8 days. The Limberg flap procedure showed minimal complications, with one case of seroma (8%).

Conclusion: Limberg flap reconstruction was found to be superior to primary closure in the management of pilonidal sinus disease, with fewer complications, lower rates of recurrence, and faster recovery. The modified Limberg flap provides a simple, effective, and reliable solution for treating pilonidal sinus, especially in patients with minimal complications.