bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis with pachymeningitis – a case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Joshi Sanyukta , Masiak Anna , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: May 2020

Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a wide spectrum of symptoms. We present a review of the literature with a rare illustrative case of a 61-year-old man with a history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented headaches, stroke-like symptoms and seizures. MRI revealed the leptomeningeal enhancement in the right hemisphere. As cerebromeningeal fluid showed increased level of protein and was positive for Candida mannan, the initial clinical diagnosis was fungal meningitis. Despite the antifungal treatment the patient’s clinical condition did not improve. Detailed laboratory, radiologic and histopathological diagnostics enabled the diagnosis of RM.

In conclusion is worth to highlight that presentation of RM is variable and complex, diagnosing it is a big dilemma which is why it must be considered in the differential in a patient with long-standing seropositive RA.
“Everybody Wants to Be a Merchant”
Authors: Vidal Cécile
Published: May 2020

This chapter claims that commerce contributed more than any other activity to alleviating the racial divide in French New Orleans. On the one hand, participation in the market was to a large extent determined by status, race, class, and gender; on the other, the surge in commercial exchanges provided a set of circumstances in which social and racial boundaries were more easily negotiated. Yet whites were the ones who benefited the most from this situation: by the end of the French period a powerful corporate body of self-identified merchants and traders of European descent had emerged, and they were able to challenge the traditional conception of commerce as an infamous occupation. In contrast, whereas a few slaves managed to purchase their freedom thanks to their participation in an informal economy, they were unable to weaken the long-lasting association whites made between slavery and dishonor.
From “Louisians” to “Louisianais”
Authors: Vidal Cécile
Published: May 2020

This chapter traces the emergence of a sense of place among French New Orleans residents of all conditions through the analysis of the uses of ethnic and national categories. It demonstrates that the French Regime did not witness the birth of a single “Creole” identity that united all historical actors across racial boundaries. Racial formation prevented the development of a shared relationship to the city between settlers, slaves, and free people of color. Nevertheless, after the succession of two generations by the end of the 1760s, as the elite fought to keep the colony within the French Empire during the 1768 revolt, New Orleans emerged as a distinctive place in relation to both the metropole and Saint-Domingue.
The Hanging Tree
Authors: Huler Scott
Published: May 2020

This chapter covers Huler‘s journey to Salisbury and his interaction with people and their stories. He first introduces the Motor Speedway by observing his surroundings. Huler reflects on Dale Earnhardt’s statue and compares the legendary stock car racer to Lawson, who he hopes the Carolinas will come to love. As he continues his journey, he considers Lawson’s adventure up the Trading Path and his stay in the Saponas, where he encounters a fight between Indian tribes. Along Huler’s journey in Salisbury, he encounters a town whose residents are 85 percent African American and whose streets feature a number of empty houses. Huler tells his Lawson story to the people he meets there, including Mike, who tells him to see the hanging tree, a symbol for black residents. Huler describes the many Confederate flags he saw and a man he met who told him that the flag is not a symbolism of racism, but a representation that the Civil War was fought over something other than slavery.
A Delicious Country
Authors: Huler Scott
Published: May 2020

This chapter begins with Huler’s observations about the beauty of the country and his interest in the Keyauwee Indians Lawson wrote about in his journal. In the Keyauwee Town, Huler immerses himself in the archaeology findings at Caraway site. After his stop in Keyauwee, Huler meets with those who fell in love with Lawson. As Huler travels across the Haw River, he learns the geography that Lawson travelled upon and reflects on the friendships that Lawson created on his adventure. Lastly, Huler takes in the tribal tradition of the Occaneechi as Lawson did.
Sedlock v. Baird
Authors: Brown Candy Gunther
Published: May 2020

Chapter 6 interrogates Sedlock v. Baird (2013; 2015), the highest profile state court ruling on public-school yoga. California Superior Court Judge John Meyer found that yoga is “religious” and Ashtanga yoga is the “cornerstone” of “EUSD yoga,” but because a reasonable child would not perceive EUSD yoga as endorsing or disfavoring religion, the program is constitutional. Meyer’s primary example of how EUSD removed “religious, mystical, or spiritual trappings” is that EUSD relabeled Lotus as “criss-cross applesauce” (though it did not). An appellate court found that Hinduism is a “religion” and expressed “little doubt” that public-school Ashtanga yoga is unconstitutional—but determined that EUSD yoga is not Ashtanga yoga because EUSD subtracted Sanskrit and cultural references. This chapter explains how, for financial, conceptual, and procedural reasons, evidence crucial to understanding EUSD yoga was deemed irrelevant, lacking credibility, or inadmissible. Sedlock turned legal precedent on its head—concluding that schools may encourage children to perform religious practices if schools do not teach about the history and context of religious beliefs. The chapter argues that Sedlock illustrates how legal precedent built upon an incomplete documentary record and narrowly doctrinal understanding of religion may, ironically, make religious practice more acceptable in the public square.
Generations of Segregation
Authors: Sanchez George J.
Published: May 2020

Los Angeles was built by immigrants from the U.S. South, Asia, and especially Mexico. After 1900 the city grew as a rail terminus, Pacific port, and tourist destination. It became a focus of film making and petroleum production, and developed booming defense industries during World War II and the Cold War. Marketed as the city of dreams, continuing immigration made it increasingly Mexican while Mexicans faced residential segregation that constrained educational chances, economic opportunities, and political participation. Fragmented urban administration allowed Realty Boards and County officials to limit Mexican-American (and African-American) citizenship despite national civil rights policies promoting integration and participation. When defense, energy, and other industries declined in the turn to globalization, African American (1973-93) and Mexican American (2005-13) mayors offered images of opening while enduring segregation constrained education, employment, and life opportunities for Mexican-Americans and African Americans. New immigrants from Mexico, Central America and beyond faced lives of marginality.
Introduction
Authors: Balto Simon
Published: May 2020

The introduction lays out the book’s key parameters. It offers a framework by which Black communities are shown to be simultaneously prone to being “overpoliced” (subject to undue surveillance, harassment, and violence from police) and “underprotected” (lacking the safety from personal and property crime that the police are nominally supposed to provide). It critically argues that studies that date America’s policing crisis to the War on Crime or War on Drugs are insufficient and that better attention must be paid to local histories of policing. In so doing, it also argues that if scholars and citizens are to understand why mass incarceration has been such a deeply racialized project from its inception, they must better understand how police departments themselves constructed regimes that punished blackness over the course of the twentieth century.
Whose Police?
Authors: Balto Simon
Published: May 2020

Chapter three documents the cascade of white violence in the postwar era and the often-failing police response to it. During and after the Second World War, a second wave of the Great Migration began again in earnest. As hundreds of thousands of Black people moved to Chicago during this period, their need for housing provoked pitched battles between the forces of integration and segregation. In particular, white Chicagoans routinely rioted against Black newcomers seeking places to live in previously all-white neighborhoods. As they did so, the issue of police protection of Black life and property emerged as a central question for both civil leaders and Black citizens to confront. As white police officers and the department’s white leadership responded to white-on-Black violence half-heartedly or, on occasion, by sympathizing with the white perpetrators, fair policing emerged as a pivotal issue for 1950s-era civil rights campaigns in Chicago.
Do You Consider Revolution to Be a Crime?
Authors: Balto Simon
Published: May 2020

The final chapter documents the wide range of Black-led activist efforts to reform the police at the end of the 1960s and in the early 1970s. The launching point is the assassination of Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman of the Illinois Black Panther Party, in a 1969 killing orchestrated by the Chicago Police Department, the Cook County State’s Attorney, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In the aftermath of his killing, a wave of community organizations mobilized or expanded their protests about Chicago’s police. This included groups like the Afro-American Patrolman’s League, comprised of Black CPD officers seeking to end police brutality and ensure better police services for Black Chicago. It included U.S. Congressman Ralph Metcalfe using the power of his office to expose police violence and harassment, and the fight for community control of the police led by the Black Panthers. Some activists who advocated for police reform sought more responsive police services to better community safety from escalating gun violence; others, such as those involved in the push for community control, pursued visions of semi-abolition of the police as currently constituted. Binding them together was a common understanding that the CPD was not working for Black Chicago.
What the Camera Teaches
Authors: Jacobson Matthew Frye
Published: May 2020

This introduction lays out some general premises regarding the historical imagination and the work that the camera can do as an instrument of historical thinking.
Barack Obama, the Icon
Authors: Jacobson Matthew Frye
Published: May 2020

This chapter gathers and analyzes the popular iconography of Obama during his presidency—in posters, bumper stickers, vernacular murals, street signs, and consumer products. The popular images attest to a national hunger to tell a new story about America that casts off the history of white supremacy.
Space Available
Authors: Jacobson Matthew Frye
Published: May 2020

This chapter documents empty storefronts in cities and towns across North America that stood as a most visible and poignant public expression of the scale of economic distress.
The Shift to the Social Sciences
Authors: Valladares Licia do Prado
Published: May 2020

This chapter displays how different foreigners aimed to help the understanding of the favelas through social sciences. The chapter considers one of the most notable to be Father Louis-Joseph Lebret, one of the founders of the French Catholic movement Economie et Humanisme. The chapter dips into Lebret’s ideas about favelas. Further on in the chapter, the Peace Corps is introduced. As the book explains, the Peace Corps rose during the Kennedy presidency and were deployed to Brazil. While they received training, their presence was not as effective as they had anticipated.
Hard Times
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

The Great Depression made a hard life even worse. Out of the rural poverty, Kerr Scott led a re-organized State Grange to fight for famer interests. This provided Kerr Scott with a political base to be elected state agriculture commissioner in 1936 as a New Deal Democrat.
1948
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

Kerr Scott won one of the biggest upsets in North Carolina history when he was elected governor, defeating a well-entrenched political machine that had controlled state politics for decades. Scott assembled a political coalition that included farmers, textile workers, organized labor, and African-Americans.
The Last Spittoon
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

Kerr Scott is elected to the Senate in 1954, defeating race-baiting tactics by his opponent. Despite his progressive record as governor, Scott was not one of the Senate’s liberals and did not cut as large a figure. He joins with the segregationist Southern bloc in the Senate. He dies in office in 1958.
1968
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

The 1968 election saw the transformation of North Carolina elections with Republicans and African-Americans becoming rising political forces. Campaigning on a law and order ticket, Scott won by putting together a coalition that included rural whites and just enough urban blacks. North Carolina shifted to the political right with Republican Richard Nixon winning the state and with independent George Wallace coming in second.
Reform, Controversy, and Backlash
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

Scott oversaw the reorganization of the state’s university system, changing it from a diverse political free-for-all into a coordinated system. Scott had to overcome serious opposition from many University of North Carolina supporters, who were afraid that UNC’s reputation would be harmed by the changes. In its final years, the Scott administration was plagued by cronyism and controversy.
Treasonous Tea
Authors: Mitchell Maggie Hartley
Published: May 2020

This chapter tells the story of the Edenton Tea Party, in which approximately 50 women from Edenton, North Carolina and the surrounding area signed a petition to boycott British goods, primarily in protest of the Coercive Acts, or the Intolerable Acts, as Americans called them. Led by Penelope Barker and Elizabeth King, the women attracted considerable attention, including a famous, satirical print by the English artist Philip Dawe and private criticism from Arthur Iredell, the brother of patriot leader James Iredell. The chapter questions some of the details of the traditional account of the “tea party,” such as the claim the women signed the petition at a meeting at King’s house, but nevertheless finds it to be a landmark in the evolution of women’s rights and women’s political activism.
Two North Carolinians, Same Goal, Different Approaches
Authors: Kickler Troy L.
Published: May 2020

The volume’s final substantive essay compares and contrasts the public careers of two of the most important members of that generation of North Carolina politicians who rose to prominence after the founding era. Archibald D. Murphey was an Orange County judge and state senator who became known as a champion of constitutional reform and state support for education and internal improvements. Nathaniel Macon served 24 years in the U.S. House of Representatives and 13 years in the Senate and acquired a reputation as an archconsevative. This essay suggests traditional accounts may exaggerate their differences. Macon’s opposition to the Sedition Bill of 1798 showed a civil libertarian streak. Both men owned slaves and neither supported any significant steps to end slavery. Both men supported the University of North Carolina. Their differences stemmed in part from the different realms in which they operated. As a member of Congress, Macon felt compelled to address the constitutional limits of federal power, issues which Murphey, as a state politician, did not have to confront.
Introduction
Authors: Pérez Jr. Louis A.
Published: May 2020

A historical overview of the place of rice in Cuban cuisine and account of the displacement of rice from Cuban agriculture.
Introduction
Authors: Rahimi Babak , Eshaghi Peyman
Published: May 2020

In the introduction, the authors try to provide a comprehensive report of the current situation of the non-hajj pilgrimage in Islam and explain the most important aspects of this widespread phenomenon among Muslims. Drawing on a large number of studies on the hajj and Ziyara, they explore different aspects and dimensions of these two essential notions in Islam. In the end, they focus on the modernity of Muslim pilgrimage and explain the structure of this book, which is divided into three parts of history, politics, and transnationalism; embodiment, memory, and materiality and communication, (new) media, and space.
Economies of Piety at the Syrian Shrine of Sayyida Zaynab
Authors: Szanto Edith
Published: May 2020

The author of this article has focused on the shrine of Sayyida Zaynab on the outskirts of Damascus, Syria. The shrine is visited by Iraqi, Afghan, and Iranian Shiite Muslims. This chapter provides a brief history of the shrine town and examines the geographical distribution of economic activities in the shrine town. By examining the various pious "economic” activities in and around the shrine, she contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how space and consumerism influence religious practices and consumer relationships.
Grave Visiting (Ziyara) in Indonesia
Authors: Millie Julian , Mayo Lewis
Published: May 2020

This chapter is about the religious and spiritual observances performed at gravesites in the Republic of Indonesia. The authors of this article have focused on the fact that some of the most important gravesites in this country attract visitors from more than one religion. They explain the non-hajj pilgrimage in Indonesia in general and then elaborately explain Mount Kawi pilgrimage center that is located in a forested hilly region about sixty kilometers from the regional city of Malang, in East Java. Drawing on theories of particularity and materiality, the authors try to bring a postcolonial state and its normative religious discourses into the picture.
We Will Not Perish; We Will Flourish
Authors: Reese Ashanté M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter revisits self-reliance, examining it as a lens through which contemporary efforts to increase food access are framed. In it, a community garden at a public housing community is featured, focusing on the ways the gardeners attempted to build community, maintain the garden to meet food needs, and develop programming for youth development. The chapter also examines how this garden functions within a broader landscape of precarity: how they continued gardening despite displacement.
Conclusion
Authors: Reese Ashanté M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter summarizes the main arguments of the book, reprises the usefulness of centering the narratives of everday residents, and explores the limits of self-reliance through a reflection on the death of a research participant. This chapter also connects Deanwood to a larger food justice agenda by discussing the role of organizations in the pursuit of an equitable, justice food system.
Friends of the Earth and Environmental Health
Authors: Thomson Jennifer
Published: May 2020

This chapter discusses the long first decade of environmental organization Friends of the Earth (1969-1984). Founded by David Brower, FOE's central contribution to environmentalism was to move from the Sierra Club's understanding of wilderness as a retreat within which certain individuals' health could be regenerated, to thinking of human health as a litmus test for the health of the environment. Although the more systemic and anti-authoritarian of these approaches faded by the early 1980s, others pertaining to consumption and individual health persisted within mainstream environmentalism. The result was a politics in which the primary subject position was held by an undifferentiated, globalized, non-place-specific consumer in need of governmental protection yet also responsible for ensuring her own health through proper consumer choices. FOE's development during its long first decade illustrates the growing importance of individualized, consumer-based conceptions of health to the consolidation, in the early 1980s, of the environmental lobby in Washington, D.C.
The Voter Education Project, 1962–1964
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores how the VEP empowered 129 separate African American voter campaigns during this period, spending over a million dollars, and registering 688,000 black southerners. This chapter argues that this surge of black voting power paved the way for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Wiley Branton led the VEP during this period, and their support, with philanthropic backing, energized thousands of black civil rights activists across the American South. This chapter chronicles how VEP money and support empowered grassroots movements across the South, and how the civil rights movement relied on the VEP.
O IMPACTO DO PENSAMENTO NEOLIBERAL SOBRE A “NOVA” REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO- LEI N.º 13.415/2017: A EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA EM RISCO
Authors: Santos Dayanna Pereira , Carvalho Edson Silva
Published: May 2020

Este artigo discute a questão da Reforma do Ensino Médio sob a influência do pensamento neoliberal na educação, colocando em evidência os seus dilemas e impasses. Objetiva-se, assim, analisar as relações entre o neoliberalismo e as políticas públicas na área de educação após promulgação da “nova[1]” reforma do ensino médio por meio da Lei n.º 13.415, sancionada em 16 de fevereiro de 2017. Considerando esse contexto, as reflexões apresentadas buscam problematizar a hierarquização e flexibilização curricular, a ênfase no ensino de competências e seu caráter mercadológico. Em contraposição, ressalta-se o papel social dos Institutos Federais de Educação em prol da defesa de um ensino médio que proporcione uma formação integrada, politécnica e que toma o trabalho como um princípio educativo.
¿PARA QUÉ SE EDUCA EN LA SOCIEDAD NEOLIBERAL?
Authors: Dávila Jorge
Published: May 2020

Se busca responder la interrogante del título a través de varias maneras de entender lo que es la educación en una sociedad neoliberal. Luego se postula la hipótesis del sentido absolutamente destructivo del neoliberalismo en relación con el lenguaje en su forma más elemental. De allí se sugiere el sentido de una respuesta ante el peligro de ver realizada a cabalidad la aniquilación del lenguaje más elemental.
GESTÃO PARTICIPATIVA DA EDUCAÇÃO: POLÍTICA NEOLIBERAL OU AUTONOMIA ADMINISTRATIVA?
Authors: Soligo Valdecir , Soligo Marinez Gasparin , Estrada Adrian Alvarez
Published: May 2020

Este estudo é parte de um projeto onde discutimos o perfil dos gestores de escolas públicas do oeste do Paraná. Objetivamos apresentar e debater os encaminhamentos de gestão participativa desenvolvida nas políticas educacionais do Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo pautado em revisão bibliográfica e análise de dados oriundo dos questionários contextuais da Prova Brasil respondidos pelos gestores de escolas estaduais. Como resultados temos apontamentos quanto a redução do papel do Estado na educação, descentralizando parte da gestão financeira das escolas mantendo a centralidade no controle dos processos.
Assessment of Cultural Heritage Tourism Potential in Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Le Thi Thanh
Published: May 2020

Inheriting and developing the Functioning Tourism System (FTS) model of Gunn (Gunn, 1988; Clare, Gunn, & Turgut Var, 2002), this study assessed the potential of cultural heritage tourism (CHT) in Vietnam. The research results show that the current CHT activities in Vietnam are below the potential. In addition, the study shows that the heritage tourism potential is based on the elements that constitute the tourism system according to the FTS model as destination/attractions, transportation, information, promotion, system of services, travel needs of the community and especially safety and security not only in the area of the tourist destination but also in the whole country. These elements are closely linked with each other and without one of these elements, the tourism system cannot exist and develop. The study also clarifies that the more complete the heritage tourism system, the greater the potential for CHT.
Introduction
Authors: Callison William , Manfredi Zachary
Published: May 2020

To many observers, the present resembles Antonio Gramsci’s depiction of crisis: a historical interregnum in which the old is dying and the new cannot be born.1 In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, some scholars invoked the image of “zombie neoliberalism” to explain how the reigning form of political-economic governance could persist, as if undead, through the wreckage of its own making. Despite the economic devastation, more of the same neoliberal measures were implemented: liberalization, privatization, marketization, securitization, and austerity....
The Market’s People: Milton Friedman and the Making of Neoliberal Populism
Authors: Brandes Sören
Published: May 2020

Neoliberalism has often been presented as a secretive project directed against democratic control and collective imaginaries. Following the path of Milton Friedman to notoriety in mass media and political campaigning and analysing his television series Free to Choose, this chapter argues that another thread of neoliberalism has often been hidden in plain sight: its engagements with mass publics. Following this thread leads us to a fuller picture of neoliberalism and helps explain its popular appeal and claims to democratic legitimacy. Free to Choose developed the populist imaginary of an elite enemy, “big government,” as contrasted with a collective—a people whose interests converge in an idealized market place. Taking this side of the neoliberal project seriously opens paths for understanding the current populist moment.
The Jouissance of Language, or Lacan’s Ab-Aristotelianism
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at the various negations involved in the “other” of meaning, beyond the philosophically comfortable couple sense/nonsense(Freud’s analysis of jokes as the Unsinn in Sinn), and toward a theorization ofsomething closer to Lacan’s real, as “ab-sense.”This underscores the importance of lack as a foundation of desire—Lacan’s famous dictum “there is no such thing as a sexual relationship”—and as a founding principle of “otherness” within language and between languages. A reading of a passage in Democritus points to the way in which this radical otherness of language undermines the very foundation of materialist physics, just as Lacan undermines rationalist models of contemporary science.This in turn becomes a meditation on the nature of feminine sexuality and jouissance, particularly in Lacan’s most important seminar devoted to this question, Encore.
What Difference Do Women Make? Retelling the Story of Catholic Responses to Secularism
Authors: Moore Brenna
Published: May 2020

The boundaries drawn by secularism have limited religion to the “private” realm, not merely the arena of conscience and belief but also family structure, intimacy, and (women’s) sexuality. The Catholic Church, particularly through the intellectual and administrative influence of John Paul II, has advanced its counter-cultural stance on these issues based on the realist personalist philosophy of Jacques Maritain. However, if we introduce women as thinkers and protagonists into the story of the Catholic responses to secularism in Europe, how does it change? Not only women, but what happens if we pay attention to how gender and sexuality are threaded into the narrative? What differences emerge? Looking to the life and works of Raïssa Maritain, especially her celibate marriage and adoptive kinship network, we see a personalist and deeply Christian understanding of intimacy that consciously distances itself from heterosexual, procreative complementarity.
Resolving the Tension between Tradition and Restorationism in American Orthodoxy
Authors: Herbel Dellas Oliver
Published: May 2020

The entire history of the Orthodox Churches in America could be cast as an ongoing battle between “tradition” and “restorationism.” Tradition has a content but is also constantly changing in response to new surroundings in a manner that seeks to maintain core structures and behaviors. Restorationism is an attempt to restore a (largely imagined) past or, in the cases of many converts to Orthodoxy, a return to that imagined past. These two poles of American Orthodoxy have been in tension with one another throughout its American history. This article surveys restorationist movements within American Orthodoxy in the twentieth century, often led by converts, and their survival or failure within the Orthodox Church. Herbel argues that restorationism focused on behaviors or modes of being and a restorationism that recognizes value in one’s past have a greater chance of successful incorporation into the larger Orthodox Church.
Bergson, Iqbal, and the Concept Of Ijtihad
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents the trajectory of Muhammad Iqbal, “founding father of Pakistan” and an important reformist philosopher of Islam, examining the connections between Bergsonian philosophy of creative evolution and becoming-individual and the Iqbalian aim of a reconstruction and revivification of Islamic thought founded on the notion of the human ego working as collaborator with God in its own realization. For Iqbal, this vision of Islam as an open system of thought able to evolve and accommodate newness—as opposed to models of strictly fixed juridical knowledge and judgment—is centered in the concept of itjihad. This concept, in turn, is at the heart what makes this renewed Islam a viable structure for the organization of the new nation he worked to bring about.
Temporality
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 1 analyzes the liturgical experience of time. It begins with brief reviews of how liturgical theologians and phenomenologists respectively explore time. It then examines in more detail the temporality of Orthodox liturgy: its tension between anamnesis and eschaton, the liturgical present, the cyclical back-and-forth between penitence and celebration, and its emphasis on repetition.
Spatiality
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 2 explores the importance of space in liturgy, including the ways space is organized and traversed. It explores the organization of ecclesial space (architecture, stational liturgy, cosmic dimensions) and phenomenological insight about spatiality. It shows how liturgical space is prepared, intentional, and oriented. It is a space of hospitality that welcomes us into its prepared space and opens a world to us.
Derrida: The Gift, the Impossible, and the Exclusion of Reciprocity
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter discusses Jacques Derrida's Given Time (1992), which presents an aporia of the gift that has made its mark and has occasioned many commentaries and a few refutations. The aporia of the gift according to Derrida can be summed up as follows: Giving is always understood as a relationship between a giver and a receiver, an exchange that generates a debt and in the final analysis remains within the confines of economic reciprocity; in this, the gift becomes the opposite of what it claims to be. To escape this logic, for the gift to be truly a gift, Derrida claims, the giver would have to be unaware that he is giving, and the receiver unaware of the giver's identity. Starting with those requirements, Derrida proposes a critical reading of Marcel Mauss's The Gift (1990), a writing where the obligation to give, receive, and reciprocate established by ethnographic inquiries is understood as the core of the gift relationship. Derrida's purpose is not to reject those data, but to dispute the validity of the term “gift” as designating a gesture that presupposes or even mandates the requirement of reciprocity.
Propositions III: The Dual Relationship and the Third Party
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the gift relationship. Whether private or socially instituted, the gift relationship appears to embody certain exemplary dimensions of being-with-others and living-together. However, a reflection on this type of gesture or procedure brings to the fore a number of unresolved problems and, for this very reason, occasions a number of misunderstandings. The main difficulty has to do with the indeterminacy of the very term, gift, too often used with respect to profoundly heterogeneous situations. This indeterminacy encourages a tendency to privilege the sense of the word sanctioned by an age-old religious and moral tradition that appears based on common sense and tends to be viewed as the standard by which the other forms of gift can be assessed: the unreciprocated generous gesture. However, this ontology is of little help when one attempts to answer questions such as the following: Who gives what to whom, under what circumstances, and for what purpose? This question concerns intersubjective as well as social relationships. It is therefore crucial to clarify the status of the partners involved and the nature of the “thing” that is offered by one to the other or that circulates between the two partners. Although dual by definition, the relationship of reciprocity cannot be reduced to a one-on-one interaction: It necessarily includes a third element, a thing from the world, which can sometimes be a mere word, or even—when the institution is already in place—an easily recognizable gesture.
Singularity and Uncertainty
Authors: Pinto Sarah
Published: May 2020

Mrs. A.’s reflections on her daydream of “Hindu Socialism” continually returned to the conditions of marriage and her life as a privileged but unhappy Hindu wife. The eldest daughter in a progressive Gandhian family, though her marriage was a love match, she had been hurried into it and made to put aside her education when her family suffered a turn in financial fortune. As she reflected on thwarted ambitions, past loves, and current friendships, new concerns arose: perhaps her husband was having an affair, perhaps his parents were seeking another wife. Weaving these concerns with memories of childhood, she mapped connections between sexuality and the ethical foundations of marriage, those emphasizing emplacement, certainty, and belonging and casting dilemmas of female agency as matters of relationships. Describing the gendered double standards of those ideals, she imagined herself alongside Draupadi, heroine of the Mahabharata, and reflected on her erotically charged friendship with woman named Vidya. As a vision of life beyond marriage came into view, so did counter-ethical ideals for founding her future. Ideas about singularity and the pleasures of uncertainty helped her imagine not only her own future, but that of a just, independent society with an equal place for women.
“Crusade for Justice”
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: May 2020

Notebook 2 reframes Ida B Wells as a thinker of the multitude. In her unfinished autobiography Crusade for Justice, Wells sets aside her image as the maverick opposing lynching singlehandedly. Her autobiography grounds her intellectual and activist legacy in galvanizing collective opposition to racism, sexual violence, and class exploitation, with lynching serving as the microcosm of these horrors across the South and a newly imperial United States. This chapter reinterprets Wells’s canonical pamphlets from the 1890s and 1900s through her autobiography’s viewpoint. This notebook also challenges today’s common-sense view that racism is the by-product of “one bad apple” who can be converted to a less racist view by their victims. Lynching involves a collective reinforcing its superiority through informal and formal institutional channels. Only another collective force can counter it. Wells does not find that agency in “the people”—those who are already recognized as having rights—but in the multitude, that complicated mass at once empowering and destabilizing the State. Finally, this chapter challenges leftist romanticizations of the multitude by showing how it can express itself in mass acts of disinformation and terror and the collective pursuit of truth and justice, when guilt and fear are overcome.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: May 2020

Notebook 3 continues to build on the concept of the multitude. Du Bois calls the region of the multitude that pursues truth and justice the “dark proletariat.” This chapter theorizes the dark proletariat’s revolutionary force analyzing the argument and form of Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction, especially the chapters on “The General Strike” and “The Coming of the Lord.” With this analysis, Du Bois’s account of the dark proletariat during the Civil War marks the historical expression of the divine violence Walter Benjamin identifies but cannot historically locate in his enigmatic essay “Critique of Violence.” Divine violence undoes the guilt that binds the oppressed to the law and State. While Benjamin sought his example among the working class in Europe’s metropoles, Du Bois makes the figure of the fugitive slave the protagonist of his narrative.
Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: May 2020

Notebook 4 questions the impact of the dark proletariat’s activities on its own affects. It also ponders how the theological imaginary enables or represses liberatory political visions during social breakdown. It investigate Hurston’s novel Moses, Man of the Mountain: An Anthropology of Power, its contemporary relevance during the “second Great Depression,” its place in Hurston’s intellectual-aesthetic project, and the Spinozist and Nietzschean philosophies informing Hurston’s take on several key themes regarding the multitude and messianism.
A Revolutionary Haunt: Utopian Frontiers in William S. Burroughs’s Late Trilogy
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines William S. Burroughs’ late trilogy of novels—Cities of the Red Night (1981), The Place of Dead Roads (1983), and The Western Lands (1987)—as a critical response to American neoliberalism. It analyzes what Burroughs terms the trilogy’s retroactive utopianism, or the way in which it reactivates the potential of historical revolutions (including the American Revolution and the global revolts of the 1960s) as a way of reimagining the future of global politics. Focusing on The Place of Dead Roads, the chapter shows how Burroughs combines science fiction and the Western to envision the Frontier in utopian terms. It argues that Burroughs’s fiction builds on the politics of the multitude, or the antisystemic politics of the late 1990s to the present, articulating a vision of the nation in terms of communal property, egalitarian relations, and democratic self-rule.
The People and the People: Democracy and Vitalism in Walt Whitman’s 1855 Leaves of Grass
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the relationship between politics and philosophy in Walt Whitman’s 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass. It focuses on Whitman’s articulation of two different concepts of democracy: a vitalist version, based on the organic life of the nation, and a revolutionary version, based on transforming the political culture of the people for the sake of fulfilling the American Revolution. The chapter traces Whitman’s reception as a Spinozist (an inheritor of the radical philosophy of Baruch Spinoza), a pantheist, and a monist. It argues that this philosophical legacy enables Whitman to reimagine the nation as the common property of the people and to reconceive of national belonging in terms other than citizenship. The chapter pays particular attention to Whitman’s commitments to labor politics and the abolition of slavery.
Idle Power: the Riot, the Commune, and Capitalist Time in Thomas Pynchon’s Against the Day
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter argues that Thomas Pynchon’s novel Against the Day (2006) not only represents the temporality of capitalism but also contests it through an aesthetic strategy of idleness or sloth. It analyzes how Pynchon recuperates nineteenth-century traditions of anarchism, work refusal, rioting, and the commune as a way of responding to contemporary conditions of labor under capitalism. Putting Pynchon into conversation with the Italian Autonomist Marxists—most notably, Antonio Negri and Mario Tronti—it shows how Against the Day frames class struggle as a conflict between capitalism and workers regarding the social organization of time. It explains that Pynchon links the utopian reinvention of the United States to a political version of idleness, or a willful refusal of capitalist efficiency. It also situates Pynchon’s utopian imagination in respect to the social forms of the riot and the commune.
Assembling the Future
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter concludes the book by drawing out the connections between the American literary commons and contemporary social movements. It explains these connections not in terms of theory versus practice but rather as a shared project of commoning America (the United States), or inventing a non-capitalist, non-statist version of the nation. It contends that utopianism, or critical hope, is more necessary than ever in times of political reaction.
Sacred Bonds
Authors: Furey Constance M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the link between familial and religious devotion by comparing a sibling relationship enacted in poems by and about Mary Sidney Herbert, co-author of Renaissance England’s influential Sidney-Pembroke Psalter, to hagiographic sources reporting on the love between mothers and daughters in early Syriac Christian texts. While in the Syriac context, the accounts of mothers and daughters reveal Christians responding to the urbanization of asceticism by joining familial and ascetic bonds, the renewed biblicism in sixteenth-century England inspired poetry preoccupied with the relational dynamics of authorship, translation, and prayer. The chapter further explores the ways that these varied accounts of spiritual relationships might shed light on the relationality of pedagogy and the transformative potential of relationships between teachers and students.
Internal Financial Controls and Working Capital Management in Public Universities in Uganda: A Case Study of Makerere University Kampala
Authors: Nzibonera Eric , Ninsiima James
Published: May 2020

The objective of the study is to examine the extent to which internal financial controls affect working capital management in Public Universities in Uganda. Working capital is vital for running of institutions because it provides the financial liquidity needed to effectively manage day-today operations. A cross-sectional research design was adopted using a quantitative approach. Data was collected from staff of Finance and Internal Audit Directorates, and heads of Departments, Schools and Colleges of Makerere University using a self- administered closed ended questionnaire. Empirical data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and regression tests. Findings indicate that the elements of internal financial controls which include; the control environment, risk assessment process and budget control have a positive and significant effect. The effect of control activities is not statistically significant. Therefore, Public Universities should strengthen financial control policies and procedures, risk assessment processes and budgetary control mechanisms to effectively manage working capital.
The prognostic importance of double-expressor subgroup and AID, UNG and mismatch repair protein expressions in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: TOPER Muhammed Hasan , BOZKURT Suheyla , ELIBOL Tayfun , TUGLULAR Tulin
Published: May 2020

Objective: The cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, (DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS)) which immunohistochemicallyexhibit MYC and BCL2 expressions are defined as double-expressor lymphomas (DELs). This study aimed to assess the prognosticimpact of DEL and the expressions of other proteins that may have role in tumorogenesis.Materials and Methods: In this study, 90 tumor samples from patients diagnosed with DLBCL NOS were evaluated retrospectively.Immunoexpressions of MYC, BCL2, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) and DNAmismatch repair proteins including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 were analyzed.Result: Eleven cases (12.2%) which exhibited ≥40% MYC and ≥50% BCL2 immunexpressions were classified as DEL DLBCL. Patientswith MYC positivity displayed lower overall survival rate than MYC negative cases. A trend of lower overall survival was observed inthe double-expressor lymphoma group, however, this was not proven to be statistically significant. Significant relationship betweenAID, UNG and p53 immunexpressions with double-expressor lymphoma or overall survival was not detected. The correlationbetween immunexpressions of p53 and MYC was observed. The loss of expression of mismatch repair proteins was not observed inany cases.Conclusion: In this study, a relationship between low overall survival and MYC expression is detected. However, our result does notdemonstrate that double-expressor lymphoma can be associated with poor outcomes.
A study exploring the autism awareness of students attending the department of pre-school teacher education of a public University in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: HIDIROGLU Seyhan , LULECI Nimet Emel , KARAVUS Melda , GORCIN KARAKETIR Seyma , KARAVUS Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Early detection of autism might largely depend on pre-school teachers’ awareness and their prompt referral of thesechildren to health authorities for accurate diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to assess the awareness about childhood autismamong students attending the Department of Pre-school Teacher Education of a public university.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 181 out of 218 students.Results: The best known characteristic of a child having autism was ‘‘having a hard time in social relations’’ (90.1%). The majority(85.6%) of the study group believed that autism was curable and thought that a child having autism could pursue a family life in thefuture with his/her spouse (51.3%). Around 60.7% of all participants were of the opinion that a child with autism cannot participatein conversations.Conclusion: The idea of a child with autism disturbing the teaching environment (50.8%) exists which might be a very importantobstacle for his/her education; thus interfering with his/her treatment. Autism awareness of respondents could be considered to berelatively good among the senior students.