bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Istifham in the stories in Alquran from the perpective of Speech Act Theory
Authors: Santosa Rochmat Budi , Nurkamto Joko , Baidan Nashruddin , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: February 2018

One of the most effective ways to attract an audience in order to influence him is through question. Many kinds of question. Questions in arabic terms known as istifham are also found in the stories. This study will make an attempt in affirmation of how istifhams, which is then simplified into the terms of questions, are clearly highlighted to enhance the connectivity of the components of the Quranic texts. Specifically how questions in the stories in Alquran found and understood using contextual frameworks. The content analysis is employed through speech act theory. It is found that            Istifham serves as question words, either to inquire about something of understanding, or not, the past and the future. Istifham are specifically used to ask about the place, time, circumstances, number, case dubious and uncertain. Sometimes question words come out of its original meaning to another meaning that can be seen through the sentence structure, so the function istifham here not as a question word again. Therefore, the sentence does not allow it to be interpreted as an interrogative sentence.

Key words: istifham, stories, speech act.
Effective and Efficient Training Programs in Jeddah Government Hospitals: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qudah Hasan Salih Suliman
Published: February 2018

Hospital care broadly covers and encompasses complete range of personal health service like promotion of health service, prevention of disease, early detection of disease, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation of the patient. This study will try to identify the" Effective and Efficient Training Programs in Jeddah government hospitals: Case Study of Saudi Arabia”. The study will examine the demographic aspects of employees (Gender and experience) and the value of what can deferent training programmes can have deep impact on their performance. The total study sample was 291 of identify employees, but 275 were suitable for statistical analysis, descriptive and analytical approach was also used to achieve the study objectives. The study major finding that there was a medium degree of effective and efficient training programs held’s in Jeddah public hospitals, also the study found that there are no statistically significant differences at  α ≤ 0.05 related to training of human resources. The study has recommended the need to improve employee’s skills in Jeddah government hospitals through actual employees participation at any training courses on a regular basis, also there is a need for continue training program for employee’s to qualify them at any future development in the deferent department of  the  hospital.
Beeswax in Asante Castings: The Then, Now and the Way Forward
Authors: Kissi Samuel Baah , Fening Peggy Ama , Adom Dickson
Published: February 2018

Beeswax used for Asante casting by Krofofrom artisans and the Asantehene gild of metalsmiths in the 1700`s are extracted naturally without further chemical treatment to enhance their workability. Although modelling with this wax is very effective, mass production technique now adopted by local artisans and the inflow of machine made artefacts due to globalization has crippled the sale of locally manufactured artefacts. This research dives into various ways of manipulating the natural beeswax using conventional waxes to help achieve complex and competitive designs suitable for the international feed. Qualitative research design approach was used and the descriptive and experimental research methodologies were employed. A comparative analysis was conducted on the production processes employed in the 1700`s and those practiced by various cultures in Africa and experiment was conducted on beeswax to ascertain a suitable wax formulation for the production of complex shapes and sizes using simple Jewellery technique less employed by local metal artisans for casting. It was found that the addition of various additives to the beeswax improved its workability and also the use of Plaster of Paris in wax modelling should be adapted as used in this research for traditional mass production for maximum yield and less stress.
Enterpreneurial Empowerment of People with Special Needs in Ondo and Osun States,Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Eyitayo Olufunmilayo
Published: February 2018

This paper examined the motivational factors for  entrepreneurial empowerment of people with special needs, and determined the level of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences that are necessary to become self-employed and contribute to individual growth and societal development rather than living in poverty, liabilities as beggars along the roads in Ondo and Osun states, Nigeria. Exploratory survey was adopted, using interviews and focus group discussion. The study revealed that most deaf and dumb in the societies who are involved in entrepreneurial skills development are cobblers, dry cleaners, tailors, bricklayers, carpenters, and hair dressers; while some disabled are into music, typing, teaching and trading. At the same time many are still depending on members of the society for survival. Many disabled are not motivated into engaging in entrepreneurial activities as the attitude of the society towards them does not indicate these people could be useful in different entrepreneurial activities of their abilities, while some families use their disabilities as sources of income. It is therefore recommended that parents should understand that no matter the nature of their children’s disability, individual is useful in one area or the other; people with special needs should be encouraged to engage themselves in entrepreneurial skills development and establish them after graduation. Members of the society and the government in particular should create avenues to identify areas where each disabled is gifted, develop them to be useful for themselves and the development of the society.
Design Enriches Life，Life Breeds Fashion
Authors: Gong Yun
Published: February 2018

  As society advances and technology changes,fashion design has developed from the initial few exclusive to public demand, and fashion category also covers all walks of life, extends to every area from a single demand to industrialization. Fashion design development, has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Fashion satisfies public demand, reflecting the public interest towards, and designer correctly grasp of fashion and taste of popular motivated the design of continuous innovation to creating new business value, cultural values of the social value of fashion. A precise definition to fashion is hard, cause too broad as it relates to areas, such as products, clothing, entertainment, advertising, decoration, home, fashion is reach into every aspect of our lives. Fashion derived from life elements, convergence elements of era and innovation into your life all over again, this cycle forward and updated, fully embodies the understanding of art and life. Design enriches life, life gave birth to fashion.
Morocco: Modelling Stability in Turbulent Waters
Authors: Milosch Tim
Published: February 2018

Morocco and Egypt both experienced similar socioeconomic challenges in the last decade, but the Moroccan monarchy has been able to address those challenges without prompting civil conflict or anti-government rebellions.  This presents an interpretive problem for the political science literature that views socioeconomic trends as being primary indicators of political instability. This case study proposes a more nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of Morocco’s political culture by mapping findings in historical and anthropological research on to a political process framework in order to explain the Moroccan regime’s stability in terms of its religious legitimacy. It concludes with an assessment of how this knowledge can be used by countries outside the Middle East North Africa region (MENA) to better partner with MENA countries in developing stable political cultures.
“Once Upon A Time”: The Efficiency of Storytelling in Shaping Drama Series, A Case Study on Bab El Hara
Authors: Chamieh Joelle
Published: February 2018

We all know the enigma that compels us to dive into the excitement and vivacity of a certain story we are reading or a series we are watching. The characters become a part of us and the streets, café shops, etc., design our thoughts and dreams as they display the ‘vitrines’ of our reality. All is triggered by a simple word “once upon a time.” In this article, we go in-depth by analyzing storytelling and by exploring the significant role of the character as positioned in a text. However, our main concern is the possibility of being able to decipher values transmitted by a text, where the character plays a major role in terms of reflecting empathy/sympathy towards audiences’ perceptions. We, therefore, came with the idea of designing an innovative value analysis framework – based on Pierre Glaudes’s and Yves Reuter’s grid analysis pattern for value depiction – where two studies that analyze the famous series Bab El Hara, are cross referenced. Then, in order to test the validity of the framework, an original qualitative analysis based on a focus group session is conducted on ten Lebanese respondents (aged between 35 and 45) who relate their personal opinions and beliefs in terms of what they perceive in Bab El Hara, giving, therefore, indication to what values they identify with the most. Effectively, the values which respondents did identify with seemed to correspond perfectly with the value analysis framework which has shown to be a suitable base for value depiction.   
An Overview of Human Rights and Intellectual Property Protection
Authors: Bydoon Maysa Said
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to discuss the legal framework of human rights and intellectual property in terms of state obligations to afford a protection for both human rights and intellectual property. The relationship between intellectual property and human rights, under bilateral, regional and multilateral treaties, is a matter of concern. In focusing on the relationship between intellectual property and human rights, this article argues that there are many challenges on the wide use of Intellectual property rights that given possible conflict between intellectual property and human rights.
Language and Identity Explored
Authors: Rozanov Thomas
Published: February 2018

The relationship between language and identity is widely discussed in applied linguistics, sociology, communications and other related scholarly fields. Furthermore, many researchers have focused on the post-Soviet region, which given its unique historical context allows for testing of this relationship. The widespread bilingualism as a result of historical russification and the linguistic transformations that occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union make the region a ‘sociolinguistic playground’. Recent events in Ukraine have given grounds to further explore this relationship, now in attempt to link language and identity as potential forces for geopolitical change in the region. This paper presents an overview of existing research, theories, and opposing perspectives related to the relationship between language and identity, and considers complications such as historical russification, religious influence, socioeconomic factors, and education with regards to the Ukrainian and post-Soviet context.  I aim to illustrate the significance of language and its effects on socio-political change in the case of Ukraine, by presenting arguments and complications in support of the relationship between language and identity.
The Readiness is All: Here Am I. Send Me.
Authors: Hindman Janet Tipton
Published: February 2018

The article uses contextual biography to examine the psychological and existential dimensions of “an internal environment that interacts with the other contexts in which the [author] evolves (Vidal, F., 2003, p. 73). Through a network of enterprises (Gruber, 1980) as a key aspect of that internal environment, this contextual autobiography conceptualizes a slice of the author’s life through the integration of particular literary and life contexts and her position within these background experiences. By using a unique and creative narrative of personal experiences, the author posits the universal or ontological problem of understanding the “all” of readiness for one of Shakespeare’s central characters with the juxtaposition of her own life as undertaken through the literary contexts examined. A catastrophic spinal injury coupled with the loss of her beloved father serve as prime catalysts for extreme life changes for the author creating questions of self-doubt and self-awareness, and whether the readiness for her was indeed, all. The article purposively adds to our understanding of how the internal environment and network of enterprises within an individual’s life experiences juxtaposed with literary contexts may profoundly inspire others to live unique lives of action and readiness.  Findings of the study present the participant’s joyful journey of discovery and personal renewal with the most important lesson learned being that education is the ticket to a life of freedom and personal success.   
Indonesia Wooden Furniture: Transition from the Socio-Cultural Value Leading to the Ecological Value
Authors: Puspita Arianti Ayu , Sachari Agus , Sriwarno Andar Bagus
Published: February 2018

Wooden furniture is a cultural product that evolved hundred years ago in Indonesia. There are many types of wood species with high quality grow in Indonesia. In the 21st century, the level of demands for furniture is getting higher, and affecting the availability of the amount of wood. These conditions encourage furniture industry to seek for a wide variety of solid wood, processed wood and wood waste. Wood furniture has a role in the dynamic cultural development of Java Island, Indonesia, from the aspect of spiritual, philosophical, aesthetic and economic. This study aims to describe the transition in social and cultural values that occur in the use of wood materials in furniture, especially in Java. The transition will be described through the eyes of Material Cultural Studies, to show ecological aspects as a new aesthetic value. The method of data analysis is done through a diachronic viewpoint, by dividing the viewpoints into three time dimensions, i.e., the interpolation dimension (the past), the present time and the extrapolation dimension (the future). The interpolation and extrapolation dimensions are the approaches to analyze a set of data. Social culture phenomenon, development of trend technologies, and availability of wooden resources influence the transition of furniture value. Relation between availability of wooden resources have impact on design development. The result of this research are aspects of ecological needed on furniture design and the supporting variables. Therefore, concept of sustainable furniture design in Indonesia would be seen as an opportunity to maintain the continuity of wood.
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Problems faced in the Teaching of History in Senior High Schools
Authors: Boadu Gideon
Published: February 2018

History is an important school subject which conveys invaluable lessons from the past and whose worth transcends regional, national and cultural boundaries. Such a subject needs to be taught well in order to make learners gain deep appreciation of the relevance of their learning. However, effective teaching of history in Ghanaian schools has long been blighted by problems and challenges that have often gone unaddressed. With little empirical literature emerging from Ghana, this study, drawing on 32 history teachers from 18 senior high schools, examined history teachers’ perceptions of the problems faced in the teaching of history in the Cape Coast metropolis and Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, Abrim district in the Central Region of Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used for the study and data were collected through questionnaires. The study found that overloaded syllabus, insufficient human and material resources, lack of support for the subject and large classes were the major problems facing the teaching of history. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the problems confronting the teaching of history in the two districts are administrative and pedagogical in nature. On this conclusion, it was recommended, among others, that syllabus content should be integrated to make it sync with the period given for its implementation. Also, the necessary resources should be provided to enhance the teaching of the subject.
Time Order and ‘Speaking Out’: Traditional Farming and Beliefs in Europe and Indonesia and Sky Symmetry Considerations
Authors: Hollestelle Harm Henricus
Published: February 2018

Ordering is indicated by what we perceive of the world, like for instance the behavior of water, as water appears always to flow downwards. Since we do not assume that water will flow otherwise when not perceived by us, ordering is assumed to be real. Time order specifically relates to sky movements. Correlation between sky movements and traditional practices for farming and religious beliefs can be traced back at least until the Neolithic. Examples from northwestern Europe and Indonesia are discussed. This correlation does not mean that sky movements and human practices are related in any other way apart from what persons choose voluntary. The use of one calendar as a guide for another is usually supposed to be a one way human initiative.

In this article I propose to explore the possibility of a two way correlation between persons and objects by introducing spiritual properties for both. Persons and objects can have a spiritual property in common. With a spiritual property is meant a property that ‘speaks out’ of a human person’s or object’s integral life and longing. For persons this is a more obvious concept than for objects. Considering objects of art, such as artistic drawings, makes this concept conceivable also for objects in general. ‘Speaking out’ is like crying: , as a reaction to pain. It is quite involuntary and inevitable that it happens. What is personal is the choice, or maybe one might say: the education, of the expression .
With the concept of ‘speaking out’ I connect with the theatre training work of Iris Warren and Kristin Linklater. At the same time, while objects and their properties belong to the domain of physics, I will use some basic symmetry concepts from physics. Correlation then takes the form of an interwoven fabric where cause and effect are entangled. Different subsistence practices will correlate with different symmetries, i.e. translational and rotational symmetries, of the sky universe, that can be recognized from artistic expressions like personal ornaments.
Some Thoughts on Contemporary Graphic Print
Authors: Skiba Stefan
Published: February 2018

The production requirements of original graphic works of art have changed since 1980. The development of digital printing using lightfast colors now rivals traditional techniques such as wood cut, screen print, lithography, etching etc. Today, with respect to artistic legitimacy, original graphics using traditional printing techniques compete with original graphics produced by digital printing techniques on the art market. What criteria distinguish traditional printing techniques from those of digital printing in the production and acquisition of original graphics? What consequences is the serious artist faced with when deciding to implement digital print production? How does digital print change original graphic acquisition decisions?
Film Content Evaluation: Nollywood in the Mirror of African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA)
Authors: Iyorza Stanislaus
Published: February 2018

Worried by the drastic decline in the quality of content of Nigerian movies as evaluated by critics, this paper analyzes the evaluation of Nigerian movies by the African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) between 2006 and 2016. The objective is to review the decisions of the AMAA jury and to present the academy’s position on the prospects and deficiencies of the Nigerian Movie industry. The paper employs analytical research approach using both primary and secondary sources to explore assessed contents of the Nollywood movies and how far the industry has fared in the mirror of a renowned African movie assessor like AMAA. This paper assembles data of the awards of AMAA since inception and graphically presents the data. Findings reveal a sharp drop in quality of content of Nigerian movies over the years with a hope of an upsurge as adjudged by AMAA since 2006. The study recommends the private sector’s all round support to Nollywood and the federal government’s training or retraining of filmmakers as well as sustained funding for the steady development of the Nigerian movie industry.  
EEG and Sonic Platforms to Enhance Mindfulness Meditation
Authors: De Berigny Caitilin , Zinovieff Freya , Cochrane Karen , Kim Youngdong , Rui Zhepeng
Published: February 2018

This paper explores interactive applications that encourage mindfulness through sensors and novel input technology. Research in psychology and neuroscience demonstrating the benefits of mindfulness is initiating a new movement in interactive design. As cutting edge technologies become more accessible they are being employed to research and explore the practice of mindfulness. We examine three interactive installation artworks that promote mindfulness. In order to contextualize the interactive artworks discussed we first examine the historical background of the Electroencephalogram (EEG). We then discuss the physiological processes of meditation and the history behind the clinical practice of mindfulness. We show how artists and designers employ EEG sensors, to record the electrical activity of the brain to visualize mindfulness meditation practices. Lastly, we conclude the paper by discussing the future of the three artworks.
Teachers’ folk pedagogies
Authors: Ilić Marina , Bojović Žana
Published: February 2018

In the last few decades, a large portion of scientific literature has been dedicated to the questions of realization of teaching and its improvement. However, one question remains in the background – folk pedagogies and their influence on teaching.   The main objective of this paper is to help us get acquainted with this phenomenon that exists in the teaching practice, its significance and pedagogical implications. In the first part of the paper, we deal with definitions of folk pedagogies and related concepts and their mutual relationship, in order to analyze the similarities and differences in the meaning of the concepts in use. Starting from important determinants of teachers’ folk pedagogies, we will attempt to reassess some of the proposed methods and ways to raise consciousness about teachers’ folk pedagogies, methods to analyze and change them. Based on the existing knowledge on teachers’ folk pedagogies, we will try to point out their significance and implications they have on education practice.  

   Starting from the existing findings about folk pedagogies, we have separated three important implications for educational practice: a) teachers should be viewed as creators of their own coherent theories about learning and teaching; b) changing and improving one’s teaching practice is a result of the teacher’s willingness to reflect on his or her own folk pedagogies; and c) teachers’ folk pedagogies should be seen as the starting point for teacher professional development programs.  
The Significance of Omani Identity in the Works of Omani Painters
Authors: Al-Yahyai Fakhriya K N
Published: February 2018

The issue of identity has attracted interest from many researchers in different fields. In contemporary practice in the visual arts, identity is a unique subject. Artists in Oman are fortunate to be able to rely on a rich cultural heritage, which enables them to produce work that is based on the unique Omani identity. In addition, there are concerns that the effects of globalization and the removal of geographical borders between nations will lead to the importation of Western styles and symbolism into Omani art. Where this has happened in other parts of the Arab world, some of the unique features of Arab principles and cultural beliefs have disappeared. Thus, this study aims to highlight the symbolism and significance of identity in the works of Omani painters. It investigates the role of Omani painters in preserving Omani identity by using a descriptive analysis method to examine a sample of Omani artwork. The results of this study show that Omani artists are involved in expressing their perceptions of identity in a variety of ways using a range of related symbols.
Civil Defence and National Security: Composition and Implementation Model in National Defence
Authors: Muradi Mr.
Published: February 2018

Civil Defense is inherent part of every citizen in many countries anywhere in the world, which differ only in the implementation of the program. The difference depends on the threat level and needs of each country in mobilizing citizens. However, the Civil Defense’s Governance which involvement of citizens is already regulated in a number of regulations and legislation, but as one part of an integrated program linked to the involvement of citizens in the framework of national defense, civil defense program is not enough to have its own laws. So that when applied in the form of operational, interpretation of these programs tend to be not in tune and even have precisely the opposite perspective between the state and citizens. This paper argued that the Civil Defense program is part of an integrated governance program of national security. Therefore, the state should be required to ensure that the program of Civil Defense goes well. This paper is also offer the composition and program models associated with the Civil Defense, Conscription Program (draftee) and Reserve Component. The argument of this paper is that the Civil Defense Program is a linear and continuous with Conscription and Reserves Programs.
Zika Virus and Transgenic Mosquitoes: Potentials of a Public Health Tool
Authors: Iyioke Ike Val
Published: February 2018

With transgenic mosquitoes now being deployed as a major solution to the pandemic Zika virus disease, more curious questions have arisen about this public health technology. This essay reviews the philosophical considerations that presaged the development, by WHO, of the genetically modified mosquitoes. It focuses more specifically on the inter-disciplinary approach in formulating the clinical trials process. While it is still early to determine the full merits of this health intervention tool, it is nonetheless timely to examine the rich vein of form that constitutes the clinical trial protocol. I argue that the steps it suggests should be a gold standard for all clinical trial procedures including those that use human subjects and those with both direct and indirect environmental implications. Also, the early signs portend that its application could indeed be widespread. For instance, malaria and dengue fever were the original targets, but now the development of transgenic mosquito technology is deemed a potent option in the fight against Zika virus disease. In addition, this clinical trial protocol has remarkably gone beyond the four pillars of principlism to recognize the possibility that a new technology (such as GMM), can have the potential to simultaneously impact human individuals, the community and the ecosystem in tandem. In “Guidance framework for testing of genetically modified mosquito,” the WHO has set an example that calls for emulation. With the right awareness, biomedical researchers, scholars, policy makers, and students stand to benefit immensely from this reformulated approach.
Buddhist Meditation Monasteries in Ancient Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasekara Sasni
Published: February 2018

This study deals with a specific type of Buddhist architecture found in ancient Sri Lanka. Several groups of ruined structures of this type are found to the west of the city of Anuradhapura, along the modern outer circular road, which made archaeologist to call them —Western Monasteries. The most prominent features of these monastic complexes are the building with two raised platforms, and their positioning on a rock surface, the connecting stone gangway between the two platforms, the moat around the flat forms and lack of decorations and a number of other features. Attempts will be made to explain the characteristics of each feature in this study. Function and the meaning of this monastery type and its individual features are still remaining uncertain. Many scholars have attempted to propose different explanations for this, but due to the weakness of logics behind, these proposals are not promising. So, it is worthwhile to see any correlation between the function and the meaning of this monastery type with asceticism and meditation. For this study, archaeological remains which are in ruined state now, were examined. Some sites were already excavated and conserved. There are large amount of monastery sites which have not been excavated, which give the first-hand information for this study. The chronicles and the canonical literature, particularly the Pali Vinaya (discipline), offer some reference to asceticism, meditation and monastery life in early Buddhist cultures. Help of these literary sources is sought to understand the character of these particular buildings.
Historical Museums in Israel: Semiotics of Culture
Authors: Mayer Gabriel
Published: February 2018

Tiny by physical size, the State of Israel retains some of the world’s most important cultural treasures, along with many other great cultural institutions. Archeological treasures have yielded much information as far as biblical history and have been well adapted to a Zionist narrative by both the Jewish press and international news organizations, such as the New York Times whose archives are replete with reports of Jewish history being dug up by the Jewish people. Once the State of Israel gained independence in 1948, the course was set for the development of historical museums whose discourse would reflect the most significant events in Jewish history, most especially the Holocaust and the state of constant warfare that continues to imbue the cultural consciousness of its citizens. In this paper we outline, through categorization, the various historical museums, which are currently operating. Furthermore, this article hopes to shed some light upon the cultural sensibilities conveyed through these institutions. This paper is about Israeli culture, mythology, and collective needs, as formed by and informed through a variety of historical museums. The working assumption is that in a historical museum culture is partially formed and at the same time the culture is influencing the contents and narratives on display inside the museum. It should be clear from the start that the discussion is held about Israeli museums as viewed by a Jewish population and created by and for Jews. Notwithstanding the multifaceted collective of Israeli society, this work is confined to and circumscribed by this demarcation. In the following sections, I intend to provide an explanation for this viewpoint from a historical perspective and also provide a framework of what constitutes a historical museum and justify the methodology of its employ. This will be followed by a discussion of the main categorical types of historical museums present in Israel, and finally a detailed accounting of specific museums.
Innovative Application of Fabric Recycling in Fashion
Authors: Lee Chenyang , Xu Rongrong
Published: February 2018

With the continuous development of the socialist market economy, human aesthetic standards are constantly changing, the occurrence of this situation to the development of the garment industry challenges, that is a single fabric has long been unable to meet people's aesthetic needs, And then the art of fabric reengineering will be born. This paper elaborates the meaning of fabric reworking art. This paper systematically describes the meaning of fabric reengineering to garment designer and garment itself, and comprehensively summarizes the fabric recycling technique and its characteristics.
Various Determinant Factors of Production Technology Adoption in Creative Souvenir Micro Enterprise
Authors: Dumasari Dumasari , Budiningsih Sulistyani , Darmawan Wayan , Santosa Imam
Published: February 2018

This study aims to examine the existence of several factors that determine the power of the adoption of production technology on micro souvenirs creative enterprise. The location of the research was determined purposely in Purbalingga Wetan Subdistrict, Purbalingga District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Research respondents numbered 28 people. The results showed that the various determinants of the adoption of production technology have economic, social and environmental motives. The power of influence of each factor is also distinct. The adoption of different craftsmen resulted in the quality of souvenir products from coconut waste being unequal. Some have a motif design according to market trend. Product price level is feasible. However, some products are only produced semi-finished. The price of this product is relatively lower. The economic feasibility of craftsmen is closely related to the rate of adoption of production technology. There are small number (<25 percent) of craftsmen use mechanical technology. The rest is still aided on the traditional manual techniques in processing waste coconut into souvenirs or creative handicraft.

 
Gadamerian Hermeneutics in An Artistic Process of Retno Maruti And Bulantrisna Djelantik’s Bedoyo-Legong Calonarang
Authors: Sitharesmi Riana Diah
Published: February 2018

The research is to investigate the existence of Bedoyo-Legong Calonarang, as a dance piece, which its creation based to reinterpretation towards tradition and indigenous wisdom.  The dance brings Indonesian classical idioms and mythological sphere into a dynamic contemporary.  The dance attempts to avoid either the clichés or destructive forms.  It is imperatively seeking the ontology of Bedoyo-Legong Calonarang through investigating hermeneutical aspects in the process of creating, conceptual sphere, and spectacle representation.  The juxtaposition, in which the dance is presented, is a unique way to accommodate the process of inter-subjective understanding respectively amongst choreographers, aesthetical values of Java and Bali, the myth of Calonarang, and today’s reality.

 

A philosophical qualitative is the foreground to investigate a new understanding about artworks through Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics. Such perspective provides the interwoven understanding towards contemporary (of art-works), the critique of aesthetics, revitalizing the tradition, and dialogical pattern inside the effort of the fusion of horizons. Gadamerian hermeneutics is confidentially constructed through identifying choreographic concept and aesthetic codes from the analysis of dance structure and representation. Bedoyo-Legong Calonarang achieves its innovative, artistic ontological existence and its spiritual field, in the middle of Indonesian contemporary society. Its concept assertively suggests Indonesian choreography to accommodate contemporary innovation, while it also conveys its cultural identity into broader implementation of multicultural state.

 

Keywords : Gadamerian hermeneutics; choreographic process; dialogical sphere; The Bedoyo-Legong Calonarang.
The Benefits of Mix Farming Agribusiness to Strengthen Food Sustainability of The Farmer Households at Agrotourism Areas
Authors: MS Imam Santosa
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
This research aims at examining the benefits of mix farming agribusiness to strengthen food sustainability of poor farmer households at agro-tourism areas. The research is designed using a case study method based on qualitative and quantitative approach. This research is intentionally conducted in Karangreja Sub-district, Purbalingga Regency of Central Java Province.  Based on the research results, it shows that mix farming agribusiness may provide the practical and economic benefits to strengthen food sustainability of the 12 adopting farmer households as the research respondents. High practical benefits are directly shown on 83 percent of respondents who find it easy to provide food materials consisting of vegetable and side dish (cat fish). Furthermore, the development of mix farming agribusiness also directly provides practical benefits to 67 percent of respondents in obtaining several food types, including corn and chicken. The other research results show that all respondents who have been well implemented mix farming agribusiness management may indirectly obtain the economic benefits, especially to the staple food providers of rice since those respondents generally first sell their mix farming agribusiness yields in order to purchase rice. Thus, the farmers should improve their awareness on the functions of practical and economic benefits that food sustainability in agro-tourism village areas may be well implemented
An Analysis of the Heroine of North and South---Margaret Hale as an Independent Woman
Authors: Wang Ping
Published: February 2018

 Mrs. Gaskell is a very important woman writer in the 19th century in Britain, and she is famous for her social novels, in which she highlights complicated social conflicts. North and South is usually considered as the turning point of Mrs. Gaskell’s literary creation, in which she suggests for the first time that there should be a hope of a reconciliation between the working class and the bourgeoisie. Also, the author vividly depicted an independent woman with a sharp mind and a deliberate manner in the book, that is, Margaret Hale. She seems to be very special when compared with the women around her and very attractive to men for her peculiar thoughts as well as her beautiful looks. This thesis mainly analyzes the attractive heroine of the novel in three aspects: her independent character, her independent action and her independent thoughts. What’s more, the thesis aims to shed light on the characteristics a “New Woman” should be endowed with. The heroine, to some extent, is the author Mrs. Gaskell herself, rejecting inferiority to men and defending the rights to express themselves freely. All in all, this thesis tries to enlighten people on woman’s position in today’s society by deriving some inspirations from the literary work.
Lytton Strachey, a Rebellious Man of Peculiarity: A Review of Holroyd’s Lytton Strachey: The New Biography
Authors: Xu Qinchao , Li Junhao
Published: February 2018

Lytton Strachey: The New Biography is an important biography by Michael Holroyd, portraying the extraordinary life of Lytton Strachey, who is also a biographer, in detail. Based on reading the text of Lytton Strachey: The New Biography, this paper analyzes Lytton Strachey’s most distinct character - rebel combined with the social background and the theory of “the New Biography” in three aspects. First, Strachey’s rebellious character in his daily life is analyzed. His beating falsetto, ironic tone and ambiguous silence make him mysterious; his unique dressing style makes him different in the Victorian Age when people tended to wear similar clothes with others in dark suits; and at this time people were all optimistic because of their powerful country while Strachey was always surrounded by a mysterious pessimistic air. Second, Strachey’s view of love is analyzed. He had a strong tendency of homosexual and most of his lovers in his life were males. While, in the Victorian Age, homosexual was illegal. Under the pressure of morality and law, Strachey still followed his heart and fell in love with his boys. His life interprets what love really is — his love is a kind of humanistic love, rather than simple lust. Third, this paper analyzes Strachey’s feminist and religious view. He was one of the supporters and participants of the feminist movement in the 19th century. In the society which was dominated by males, Strachey realized that human are born equally. Therefore, he started to fight for the females’ rights. In addition, in order to think independently, Strachey did not follow the crowds blindly to believe in God. 
The Language Family Relation of Local Languages in Gorontalo Province (A Lexicostatistic Study)
Authors: Ntelu Asna , Djou Dakia N
Published: February 2018

This study aims to find out the relation of language family and glottochronology of Gorontalo language and Atinggola language in Gorontalo Province. The research employed a comparative method, and the research instrument used a list of 200 basic Morris Swadesh vocabularies. The data source was from documents or gloss translation of 200 basic vocabularies and interview of two informants (speakers) of Gorontalo and Atinggola languages. Data analysis was done by using the lexicostatistic technique. The following indicators were used to determine the word family: (a) identical pairs, (b) the word pairs have phonemic correspondences, (c) phonetic similarities, and (d) a different phoneme. The results of data analysis reveal that there are 109 or 55.05% word pairs of the word family out of 200 basic vocabularies of Swadesh. The results of this study also show that the glottochronology of Gorontalo language and Atinggola language are (a) Gorontalo and Atinggola languages are one single language at 1.377 + 122 years ago, (b) Gorontalo and Atinggola languages are one single language at 1,449 - 1,255 years ago. This study concludes that (a) the relation of the kinship of these two languages is in the family group, (b) glottochronology (separation time between Gorontalo language and Atinggola language is between 1.4 to 1.2 thousand years ago or in the 12th – 14th century.

Keywords: relation, kinship level, local language, Gorontalo Province, lexicostatistics study
Pitch Range in the Production of Saudi and English Women
Authors: Maghrabi Reem Omar
Published: February 2018

In the present small-scale preliminary study, we sampled four groups of younger and older female Arabic and English speakers to examine if speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) could show any systematic variations across languages and different age groups performing different tasks.  All groups of  speakers were recorded reading the North Wind and the Sun twice in their native language, and speaking spontaneously about themselves for around two minutes. Mean SFF values for each speaker and speaking task were obtained using Praat’s autocorrelation algorithm with a pitch range of 100-500Hz, with manual correction to remove spurious F0 values caused by doubling or halving the first harmonic. As well as presenting SFF results for all groups, mean values will be given for each group and speaking task.
Civil Society and Residents’ Coping Strategies with Water Shortages and Household Food Insecurity in Gweru, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kusena Winmore , Beckedahl Heinz , Desai Sumaiya
Published: February 2018

Domestic water shortages are distressing many urban areas in developing countries and require well planned and sustainable coping strategies in order to bequeath citizens decent lives. The objectives of this paper were to identify water related civil society groups present in Gweru; reveal devised coping strategies to combat water shortages and household food insecurity; and challenges faced by civil society and residents in obtaining sustainable coping strategies. A survey was conducted through interviews, questionnaires and observations as data collection instruments. The findings show that residents relied on borehole drilled in their respective areas by the municipality, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and through individual initiatives. Although public boreholes were available, they were found at an average of only two in a given residential area, regardless of its population. Residents also collected water in containers during late hours of the night or early hours of the day. Gweru residents in addition devised strategies to cope with household food insecurity caused by water shortages and high monthly water bills. Combined with the aforementioned water shortage coping strategies, the stratagem by residents included coming up with payment plans, denying city personnel access into their premises for water disconnection; and self-reconnection in the event of disconnection. Community gardens initiated by Non-Governmental Organisations and food imports from neighbouring countries were some of the adaptive mechanisms dealing with household food insecurity. However, despite resolute efforts by civil society and residents to muddle through water supply and food security challenges, the city needs financial aid to enhance service provision that does not solely relying on residents. Financial injection and investment in sustainable alternative water sources for the city’s multiple uses will go a long way in solving the water shortages and food insecurity without further exposing citizens.  
Women as Victims of Insurgency: A Study of Female Suicide Bombers in Nigeria
Authors: Bawa Dr. (Mrs) Aisha Balarabe
Published: February 2018

Terrorism, which has systematically crept into Nigerian lexicon has gained currency and drawn increasing attention. Boko Haram is an extremist Islamic group in Nigeria that has engaged in guerrilla warfare across the north-eastern {Borno, Yobe, Adamawa and Gombe) states of Nigeria since 2002. The increasing international character of Boko Haram particularly the use of teenage girls and women in their suicide operation has become a focus of analysis. The sect is known for bombing, using explosives to kill, and to cause massive destruction, hence a threat to national security. This paper undertakes a descriptive and qualitative method of inquiry to examine the Boko Haram instrumental use of women as suicide bombers. Many of the information presented in this study were based on some media interviews with the victims, the availability of high quality secondary sources as primary interviews were not possible.
Literature Focus Units as a Means of Exploring the Refugee Experience
Authors: Hwang Sang , Coneway Betty
Published: February 2018

Changes in the nation’s demographics, a current focus on immigration, and the world’s refugee crisis require educators to explore positive ways to assist students and families in transition. This article suggests using refugee literature to help ease children into the new school environment. Books associated with the refugee theme are organized using the literature focus unit framework. Four specific children’s literature titles are highlighted within the piece; however, the suggested books and activities are provided as a model to assist teachers in gaining new insight into how they can use cross-cultural communication to explore the refugee experience. We propose that through this exemplar unit, teachers can learn about authentic instructional approaches that may help them meet the multicultural needs of a variety of diverse student groups.
The Image of Egypt in a Selection of Elizabethan & Jacobean Plays
Authors: AlMostafa Mohammad Salem , Abu Baker Ahmad M. S.
Published: February 2018

This study communicates the question of representational Egypt(ians) through textual analysis and close reading of Elizabethan and Jacobean selected plays, whose main concern is Egypt and Egyptians: Shakespeare’s Antony & Cleopatra, As You Like It, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, (All Is True)Henry VIII, and Cymbeline, Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta, Jonson’s The Alchemist, Beaumont and Fletcher’s The False One, Daniel’s The Tragedie of Cleopatra, Chapman’s The Blind Beggar of Alexandria, and Webster’s The White Devil. It examines the process of labelling, the concomitant negative stereotyping of land and human, and its effect upon characters’ lives and future prospects as a result of the dramatists’ response to contemporary colonialist discourse that exaggerated the signs of cultural and epistemological difference.