bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON BETWEEN RHABDOMYOLYSIS INDUCED AND SEPTIC ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors: Sedhain Arun , Bhattarai Gandhi Raj , Shrestha Bidhan , Khan Amir
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications of rhabdomyolysis (RM). We studied the clinical manifestations and prognosis of rhabdomyolysis induced AKI and compared it with septic AKI among hospitalized patients.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College between January 2017 to June 2018 to compare AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis (RM-AKI) and sepsis (SA-AKI). AKI was diagnosed as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. Rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed if serum creatinine phosphokinase raised >5 times the upper limit of normal level and sepsis as an increase of two or more points in the Sequential Organ failure Assessment (SOFA) score with the evidence of infection.

Results: A total of 145 patients with AKI (21 with RM and 124 with sepsis) were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 43.7 years with majority (54%) being males. Wasp bite and bee sting combined together (47.6%) were the most common causes for RM-AKI whereas pneumonia accounted for 46.6% of the septic AKI. Serum creatinine (SCr) at admission and at discharge were 3.8 and 1.4 mg/dL respectively in RM-AKI group; and 2.4 and 1.6 mg/dL in septic AKI group. Duration of stays in the hospital (9.2 versus 6.4 days) and ICU (4.2 versus 3.7 days) were longer in RM than in septic AKI. In hospital mortality was 4.8% in RM and 8.9% in septic AKI.

Conclusions: This study has found that, despite a longer duration of hospital stay, RM-AKI had a lower in-hospital mortality than septic AKI.
TOTAL PROTEIN TO CREATININE RATIO AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ALBUMIN TO CREATININE RATIO TO PREDICT MICROALBUMINURIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Pokharel Kabita Khaniya , Pradhan Santosh , Shrestha Sweta
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Early detection of microalbumin in urine plays an im­portant role in preventing the progression to late stages of chronic kidney disease. For a country like Nepal, the cost of assessment of microalbumin in urine is unaffordable by many patients for regular monitoring. Total pro­tein to creatinine ratio (TPCR) might be a cheaper alternative for this. This study assessed the feasibility of using TPCR as an alternative method for predicting microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.

Methods: Type 2 Diabetic patients with age ranging 30-80 years were in­cluded in the study after ethical clearance. Urinary total protein was deter­mined by pyrogallol red method and urinary creatinine by Jaffe’s method. Urine for microalbumin was determined by nephelometry. Relationships between variables were examined by Pearson correlation or Spearman’s correlation analysis as appropriate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to obtain the cutoff value of TPCR for detection of albuminuria

Results: The mean age of the study population was 55.9 ± 11.8 years. There was significant positive correlation between TPCR and urine albu­min (ρ = 0.56; p <0.01) and between TPCR and ACR (ρ = 0.47; p < 0.01). The regression equation for TPCR and ACR was, ACR = 0.82 TPCR = 70.5, r2 = 0.88. ROC curve analysis showed that the urine TPCR had a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 58% respectively, for the detection of albuminuria with a cutoff value of 95 mg/g(AUC=0.74, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: TPCR might be the cheaper alternative for the prediction of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ASSERTIVENESS AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG NURSING STUDENTS OF MANIPAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE OF POKHARA, NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Sandhya
Published: May 2022

Background: Assertive behaviour and low self-esteem have been found to major problem in the nursing profession. Nursing students today are the backbone of professional nurses of tomorrow. In order to ensure competent and safe practice, it is necessary for them to be individuals with high assertive skills and self-esteem. This study was conducted to identify assertiveness and self-esteem among nursing students.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among 202 Proficiency Certificate Level and Bachelor of Science in nursing students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences (nursing programme), Pokhara, Nepal during July/August 2015. Data collection was done by purposive sampling. Tools used were demographic proforma, Begley and Glacken Assertiveness behavior questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential sta­tistics chi-square and correlation coefficient.

Results: The study revealed nursing students had moderate level of as­sertiveness and self-esteem. There is a significant association between assertiveness and level of study and residence. There is a significant as­sociation between level of self-esteem with level of study and residence and There is significant positive correlation (r= 412) among assertive­ness and self-esteem score with p value <0.001.

Conclusion: It is concluded that majority of nursing students have mod­erate assertiveness and self–esteem. Nurse educators should take ini­tiation to improve high assertiveness and self-esteem of nursing stu­dents.
STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY AND THEIR CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: Shrestha Sabita , Joshi Rakshya , Tamrakar Renuka , Sharma Basant
Published: May 2022

Background: Hysterectomy is an effective treatment for a wide range of gynaecological diseases, both benign and malignant. There must be a pe­riodic audit for the appropriate indication of the surgery and its complica­tion rate. Histopathological analysis is mandatory for definitive diagnosis and further management. This study aims to review the clinical profile, indications of hysterectomy and to assess the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and histopathological report.

Methods: A retrospective study of all the patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gyne­cology, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from January to December 2018. Demographic and clinical informations were retrieved from the medical record section. Datas were entered in the pre-designed proforma. Statistical analysis was done in terms of percentages, standard deviation, correlation and mean.

Results: During the study period, 111 patients underwent abdominal hys­terectomy. The mean age of the patients was 46 years. The mean dura­tion of hospital stay was 8.7 days. Abnormal menstrual flow and pain ab­domen were the commonest presenting symptoms. The most common preoperative diagnosis was fibroid followed by ovarian tumor. Leiomyoma was the commonest lesion on histopathological examination. The correla­tion between clinical diagnosis and histopathology was 96.07% for fibroid, 80.95% for ovarian tumor, 66.67% for adenomyosis and 38.46% for DUB.

Conclusions: Fibroid uterus and ovarian mass are the common indications for abdominal hysterectomy. Histopathology is mandatory for confirming the diagnosis, proper counseling and holistic management of the patient.
LOW DOSE HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ELECTIVE CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Regmi Bharati Devi Sharma , Deo Gopendra Prasad , Shrestha Subin , Shrestha Sabita , Mishra Renuka Tamrakar
Published: May 2022

Background: Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine provides a dense neural block in cesarean delivery but associated with side effects like hypotension, bradycardia nausea and vomiting. Addition of low dose fentanyl with low dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine may decrease the in­cidence of these complications. The aims of study was to compare the hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), nausea and vomiting with low dose intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl vs a conventional dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine in patient undergoing elective cesarean section.

Methods: Seventy-four pregnant women aged 20-35 years old which un­derwent elective cesarean section at Chitwan Medical College were ran­domized into two groups. One group received spinal anesthesia with 8mg of0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25μg fentanyl and another group re­ceived 12mg 0.5% bupivacaine.

Results: The mean age, baseline heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were comparable in both groups. Significant difference in hypo­tension (24.31% vs. 62.16%, p<0.05) and Nausea and vomiting (16.20% vs. 27%, p<0.05) were found in bupivacaine-fentanyl group versus a conven­tional dose of spinal bupivacaine group.

Conclusions: Low dose of bupivacaine with Fentanyl provides good spinal anesthesia for cesarean section with less hypotension, nausea and vomit­ing in comparison to bupivacaine alone.
PREVALENCE OF MICROALBUMINURIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT KATHMANDU MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: Karki Prabin Kumar , Timalsina Santosh , Chalise Sanat , Yadav Anita , Bhattarai Ashish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become one of the biggest health problems of this era. The resultant microvascular and macrovascular complications add to significant amount of morbidity and mortality. Urine microalbumin is considered as an early marker for microvascular compli­cations among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetic patients attending Kathmandu Medical College and its relation with glycemic control, age, sex, duration of diabetes.

Methods: A total of 208 previously diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients at­tending medical outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal were included in the study over a period of 1 year (October 2017 - September 2018). Fasting and 2-hour postprandial venous blood for blood glucose and HbA1c measurement and early morning urine sam­ple (after overnight fast) was collected for detection of microalbuminuria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria among the study population (mean age: 54.22 ± 11.76 years, mean HbA1c: 7.62 ± 1.53 %) was 42.8%. Microalbuminuria had significant correlation with HbA1c and duration of diabetes (p<0.001), but not with age, sex and type of medication. There was positive correlation between urine microalbumin and fasting and post-prandial blood glucose.

Conclusions: Our present study found high prevalence of microalbumin­uria among diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. It is suggested that tighter glycemic control with regular urine microalbumin testing should be integral part of diabetic management plan to prevent long term complications such as diabetic nephropathy
PERIPARTUM HYSTERECTOMY AND ITS RISK FACTORS
Authors: Tamrakar Renuka , Pandit Upendra , Shrestha Sabita , Sharma Basant , Joshi Rakshya
Published: May 2022

Background: Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy (EPH) is an important lifesaving surgical procedure considered in cases of severe hemorrhage unresponsive to medical and conservative management. The objective is to review incidence, identification, intervention and impact of emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional study designed was to used. EPH data were collected from January 2014 to December 2018.Descriptive statistics was used to analyzed data and presented in tables and charts.

Results: Incidence of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomies was 2.3% out of 252(2.6%) cases of obstetrical emergencies and 0.06% that is 1 in 1600 deliveries. Most common indications for EPH were uterine rupture (33.3%); placenta accreta (33.3%) followed by retained placenta (16.6%) and endometritis with pyometritis (16.6%). Estimated blood loss 1916 ml., timeliness from delivery to hysterectomy was 140 minutes; most common post-operative complication was surgical site infection (33.3%) and length of hospital stay 11.7 days. Maternal morbidity rate was 33.3%. There was no maternal mortality recorded.

Conclusions: The timely intervention improves the outcome in Peripar­tum Hysterectomy, which is frequently associated with abnormal placen­tation as a consequence of increasing caesarean deliveries rate.
MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION REGARDING OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION IN MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHITWAN
Authors: Jaiswal Pratima , Mehta Raj Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) has been globally recognized as gold standard of performance based assessment that aids in evaluating the clinical competency of medical undergraduate students. Hence, it increases the confidence of students in their learning ability by helping them to identify areas of weakness and gaps in their competencies. This study was conducted to identify perception towards OSCE among medical students.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and a total 173 respondents were selected from MBBS 4th and 5th year of Chit­wan Medical College by using probability stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire with 5-point likert scale were used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze data.

Results: About half of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students had positive perception toward OSCE. There is signifi­cant association between the level of perception towards OSCE and year of study (p=0.002), choice of study MBBS (p=0.045) and evidenced based learning (p=0.041).

Conclusions: Thus, optimum emphasis should be given on formulat­ing OSCE guideline and orienting student about it and also organization should create environment to facilitate actual objective structured clinical examination in order to increase positive perception in our context.
PROFILE OF WOMEN RECEIVING FIRST-TRIMESTER SAFE ABORTION SERVICE AT PAROPAKAR MATERNITY AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL
Authors: Shrestha Shanti , Dangal Ganesh , Ghimire Sadikshya
Published: May 2022

Background: Abortion is a common medical procedure done in a day to day basis in every country and is a major component of public health. Legally and safely performed abortions are amongst the least complicated medical procedures. There exists a demographic variation in availability, accessibility and affordability of safe abortion services in Nepal also. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of women opting for first-trimes­ter abortion. This study highlights the indications and rate of the method used for abortion.
Methods: It was a retrospective study where data were collected from charts available at the com­prehensive abortion care center at the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. The data from Baisakh to Asoj of 2076 B.S was collected and calculations were done manually.
Results: Higher proportion of women receiving first-trimester abortion fell under the age of 26-30 years (30.17%). Most women were literate (86.03%) and married (85.71%). A history of previous abortion was absent in majority (72.39%) and 14.28% had never been pregnant before. The most common indication for abortion was non-use of family planning services (43.82%). The rate of medical abortion was higher (58.10%) than surgical method of abortion (41.89%).
Conclusions: Women’s age, literacy, contraceptive use, previous pregnancy status were the de­terminants of unintended pregnancy. There existed both demographic and clinical variations in between women receiving abortion services.
HANDLING OF COVID-19 IN PERIPHERAL HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhakhoki Pravash , Khadka Sitaram , Amgain Kapil , Giri Santoshi , Bidari Sahadev
Published: May 2022

Background: With the increase in COVID-19 cases globally as a pandemic, the concern should be there for the management of such disease from a different level of healthcare set up. The aim of this review was focused on the assessment of COVID-19 cases from the healthcare setups in the periphery.

Methods: The English-language databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, were searched using the following keywords: ‘COVID-19’, ‘handling of COVID-19, ‘primary healthcare center’, and ‘Nepal’. All the related articles published in journals as well as newspapers were considered for this nar­rative review

Results: There are 7177 cases in Nepal with 20 mortalities, 1167 recovered cases, and 5990 cases under treatment as of June 17, 2020.

Conclusion: As there is no proven treatment for COVID-19, countries with low economic income like Nepal are facing great challenges by the disease due to poor quarantine facilities and limited testing capacities. The peripheral healthcare institutions in Nepal are doing their level best for management of COVID-19 cases though lack of adequate resources is still there. Cases in Nepal are rapidly increasing and it is necessary to allocate proper resources based on the areas of most need to control the outbreak.
APPLICATION OF PCR FOR THE DETECTION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI FROM RETROPHARYNGEAL AND THYROID ABSCESS: CASE REPORTS
Authors: Bhattarai Narayan Raj , Rai Keshav , Baral Ratna , Thapa Chettri Shyam , Paudel Deepak , Karki Smriti , Khanal Basudha
Published: May 2022

The diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess is challenging due to a lack of rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay. Hence, we evaluated the performance of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the M. tuberculosis in the retropharyngeal and thyoid abcess. The microscopy and culture were negative test result however, PCR result had demonstrated the presence of M. tuberculosis in the same specimens with retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess. Therefore, it is recommended to perform PCR to detect undiagnosed cases, which were not detected by conventional approaches for the diagnosis, of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
KNOWLEDGE OF INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION AMONG THE NURSES OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sah Soni Rani , Maskey Sreeja
Published: May 2022

Background: Intramuscular injection (IM) is one of the most frequently use practices in nurs­ing. Lack of knowledge can make the procedure ineffective resulting in lot of complications. The objective of the study was to find out the knowledge of IM injection among the nurses of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH), Bharatpur, Chitwan.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used among 220 nurses of CMCTH who were selected by using non- probability purposive sampling technique. Self-adminis­tered questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 and descriptive, inferential test was applied.

Results: The age study findings revealed that 60% of respondents belonged to group 21 to 25 years and the mean age was 22.20±2.57 years, 72.3% respondents had completed Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing, 90% of respondents were working as staff nurse, 57.3% of respondents were working in general wards, 48.2% of the respondents had hos­pital experience less than 12 months. Majority of the respondents (71.8%) had inadequate knowledge regarding IM injection. There was statistical significant association between re­spondents’ knowledge regarding IM injection and their age (p <0.001), professional designa­tion (p <0.001), hospital experience (p=0.023), current ward experience (p= 0.026), positive reinforcement (p=0.031), standard protocol (p=0.045), and in-service education (p<0.001) .

Conclusions: It is concluded that standard protocol and frequent in-service education should be provided to increase the level of knowledge regarding IM injection among nurses which will result in better practice and hence better patient satisfaction with no complications.
HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND CHEST RADIOGRAPHY FINDINGS AMONG INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Pal Anusmriti , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Pant Chiranjibi , Shrestha Bishow Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, characterized by restrictive physiology, impaired gas exchange, pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Chest radiograph (CXR) may appear normal during initial course of the disease and may show few abnormalities. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest is a most ac­curate non-invasive, high spatial resolution descriptive imaging modality for evaluation of lung parenchyma. It assesses presence, location, type and characterization of ILD in appropriate clinical setting. Our aim was to study radiological patterns and its distribution in CXR and HRCT chest of ILD patients.

Methods: This was an observational, single centered, cross-sectional study conducted at author’s place over the period of 6 months starting from January 2018 using convenient sampling method. Data analysis was done using students t-test for comparison of means and chi-square test for proportions.

Results: A total of 30 suspected or diagnosed patients of ILD were enrolled in our study and pat­terns found on CXR were correlated with that on HRCT chest. The number of findings in HRCT chest for a patient was significantly higher than CXR (Median number: 4 verses 2, P<0.001), commonest reticular opacity 50% in CXR and 56.6% HRCT. One subject had normal CXR.

Conclusion: HRCT was superior to CXR in detection of all basic patterns and their distribution as­sociated with ILD as higher numbers of findings were detected by HRCT chest as compared to CXR. HRCT chest could characterize the abnormality and specify its location much more accurately.
Military Hygiene in the Ottoman Navy in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Karakuş Ömer
Published: May 2022

Özet

Tarih boyunca büyük savaşlarda bulaşıcı hastalık salgınları muharebeler sırasında kaybedilenden daha fazla insanın ve askerin ölümüne yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle tarihsel süreç içerisinde, orduların bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı duyarlı olduğu ve içinde bulundukları zamanın anlayışına uygun önlemler aldıkları bilinmektedir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın son çeyreğinde yazılan ve Osmanlı bahriyesinde askeri hijyen konusunda birincil tarihsel kaynakları oluşturan üç kitabın ve bu kitaplar içerisinde bulunan arşiv belgelerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada Osmanlı deniz birlikleri ve savaş gemilerindeki modern tıbbi uygulamaların ilk örneklerinin ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ulaştığımız veriler Osmanlı bahriyesinde on dokuzuncu yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde başlayan modernizasyon çalışmalarına paralel olarak, askeri hıfzıssıhha uygulamalarının da hem eğitim hem de kurumsal yapılarıyla geliştiğini göstermektedir. Bununla beraber, söz konusu uygulamalarının o dönemdeki gerçek durumunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için Amerika ve Avrupa Ordularının askeri hıfzıssıhha uygulamalarını içeren bilimsel makaleler ve tarihsel belgelerin incelenerek karşılaştırmalar yapılmasına gereksinim duyulmaktadır.
Realtime Collaborative Whiteboard Application
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra
Published: May 2022

E-learning can be used to assemble virtual classrooms, which can be a cost-effective method. Unfortunately, the properties of the learning material are limited, which makes it difficult to converse, making the document's template even more confusing, especially when it comes to fabrics. Visual conversation includes illustrations, sketches, diagrams, and modelling. Accordingly, there is a need for a flexible learning media solution that can be applied in the mix. A fully interactive web-based format is generally recommended in this study. Use a whiteboard application to enhance virtual learning services. The format is created using a cascading program. The Internet has the potential to create a web of collaborative and exciting content to stimulate and support virtual learning, especially distance learning.
IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER ON AN ORGANISATION'S EFFICIENCY
Authors: PANDEY SARIKA
Published: May 2022

The overall goal of the investigation is to evaluate the effects of representative turnover on an association's proficiency, a contextual analysis of MUSKAN BAKERY. The investigation was guided by the accompanying explicit destinations; to assess the genuine purposes behind representative turnover at MUSKAN BAKERY, to survey the effect of Employee turnover on association effectiveness at MUSKAN BAKERY, to decide the conceivable moderation of diminishing worker turnover at MUSKAN BAKERY. This exploration utilized an illustrative examination plan since the investigation intendeds to accumulate quantitative and subjective information that depicts the nature and qualities of the effects of representative turnover on association effectiveness. The objective populace for the investigation included a sum of 400 representatives working at MUSKAN BAKERY Offices in Uttar Pradesh. The target population was divided into three categories namely; Top management staff, middle level management staff and lower management staff. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. The collected data was analyse using SPSS and presented in form of figures and tables.
IDENTIFICATION OF SCAMS OF CHEQUES
Authors: KUMAR V BHARATH
Published: May 2022

Scams of cheque is being most common attacks done by the fraudsters against consumers. Currently, there is no effective solution to validate cheque and check fake ones instantly. The bank requires a lot of time or a day to detect and eliminate the scam. More effectively, our methodology helps the banks to send information about provided cheque and used ones,by securing user’s credential . Fake cheque come in many forms. They might look like business or personal cheque, cashier’s cheque, money orders, or a cheque delivered electronically. Charity trust have their Register login and approved by main branch and charity needed send to user and if user need to help charity they can help by give cheque to charity which passed to bank and amount is transaction to charity and the details about charity amount transaction will send to main branch and maintained by main branch.If response received from concern customer only, transaction will be happened. If the fake check was detected , then the details of customers which been accessed, will be encrypted using SHA -1 algorithm .So that The user’s credential will be safe . The theft user account will be removed by the Admin. Keywords : Charity , Bank, Public , login ,Admin,SHA -1,Encryption.
Facial Expression Based Music Recommendation System
Authors: Srivastava Alok Kumar
Published: May 2022

Facial expression is a non-verbal communication gizmo which helps to understand the overall presence of the user. The cues which are observed by cognizance of facial expression of the individual are based upon capturing the image in real time. Therefore, facial expression recognition, since it excerpt and analyzes information from an image or video, it is capable to deliver unfiltered and unbiased data as its responses. Facial expression recognisation is a vital instrument used in distinct fields for improving the product by enhancing the performance through monitoring user’s behavior. This technology is made by using machine learning (ML) concept. It first captures an image then detects the face from the captured image. It then uses biometric markers and landmarks of the face from captured image with the help of haarsascade classifier. More precisely, this technology automatically detects the six fundamental and universal expressions i.e. happy, fear, anger, sad, surprise, neutral and then it will show the playlist of music on youtube accordingly. Keywords- Facial expression, Unbiased data, Playlist, Haar sascade classifier, Music, Landmarks, Biometric.
MONITORING OF PRIVATE SPACE WITH THE LOCAL BINARY PATTERN HISTOGRAM ALGORITHM
Authors: N B Rishi Prasad
Published: May 2022

Abstract–The main goal of this project is to create an application for security purposes. Because of this, many individuals who may or may not know us are gaining access to our personal workspace. There are other difficulties, such as losing important papers and valuables. Even the most advanced technology, such as a fingerprint sensor lock, may be easily opened. As a result, we will create an AI-based security room and locker system to address this issue. This project used artificial intelligence to discover and evaluate people, as well as track them using our ongoing initiative. We tackle the current system problem in the proposed work using LBPH (local binary pattern) and machine learning approaches to lower the recognition time of many items in less time. Keywords— Face Recognition,Face Detection, Local Binary pattern Histogram Algorithm,Media Pipe.
Attention Based Neural Machine Translator for Hindi to English Language
Authors: Chaudhary Abhishek
Published: May 2022

-Neural machine translation, or NMT uses the models based on neural network to gain an understanding of the statistical model so that it can be used in machine translation. Attention based mechanism used in neural networks make the translation process more reliable by using the bidirectional approach of encoder and decoder and is used to compare BLEU from different sources Keywords— NLP, Attentional Mechanism, Encoder, Decoder, Machine Translations (MT), Recurrent Neural Network
LEGAL CERTAINTY REGARDING THE IMPOSITION OF CRIMINAL EXTORTION SANCTIONS INVOLVING COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS (ORMAS)
Authors: Susanto Heri , Sinaulan Ramlani Lina , Ismed Mohamad
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal certainty afforded to community organizations that commit extortion, as well as to analyze and propose criminal punishments against community organizations that commit extortion. The method utilized in this study is normative legal research, which is conducted in order to elicit the relevant data for the topic. The data used are secondary data and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis was conducted utilizing a qualitative method of legal analysis. According to the findings of this study, the government must be resolute in enforcing the law against a person who is a member and/or administrator of a community organization and who intentionally and directly or indirectly violates the provisions, including extortion, violence, and disturbing the peace and order. destroying public and social facilities, committing acts of hostility against ethnicity, religion, race, or class; engaging in separatist activities that jeopardize the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia's sovereignty; and adhering to, developing, and spreading teachings or understandings contrary to Pancasila. To ensure legal certainty for a person acting in conformity with existing legal provisions, Community Organizations are not an exception; on the contrary, Community Organizations lack legal certainty. Articles of extortion and threats as defined in Article 368 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) criminal sanctions imposed on individual Ormas who commit the extortion crime specified in Article 368 of the Criminal Code still do not satisfy the community's sense of justice because the threats are only 9 (nine) years in prison, with no fines or other additional penalties to the organization concerned.
F. KAFKA'NIN BİR KÖY HEKİMİ ADLI ANLATISINDA VE ÇEVİRİLERİNDE ZAMAN DÜZLEMİ VE ANLATIM PERSPEKTİFİ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: SÖZEN Murat
Published: May 2022

Kafka'nın az sayıdaki Ben-Anlatımlı anlatılarından biri olan Köy Hekimi'nde anlatım perspektifi ve zaman düzlemleri anlatının kurucu öğeleridir. İç odaklayıma dayalı anlatıda, anlatıcı aynı zamanda öyküdeki baş kahramandır, fakat bu baş kahraman olay örgüsü hakkında okuyucudan daha fazla bilgiye sahip değildir. Okurda şu belirsizlikler oluşur: Olay örgüsü geçmişte yaşadığı olayları aktarmakta olan kahramana mı, metin kurgusunun kendi içindeki işleyişine mi yoksa arka planda varlığını duyumsatan bir tanrısal anlatıcıya mı dayandırılarak anlaşılmalıdır? Bakış açısındaki bu belirsizlik, bir cümlenin ortasında anlatımın geçmiş zamandan şimdiki zamana geçirilmesiyle tetiklenmiştir. Anlatıcı/başkahraman bu andan itibaren, olay örgüsündeki akışın bir parçası haline gelecektir. Bu "şimdi" içinde eskiden sahip olduklarının kaybını ve telafinin mümkün olmayacağını idrak edecektir. Öykü Köy Hekiminin ebedi bir "şimdi" içinde devinecek olmasıyla son bulur. Tüm bunlar yazarın zaman düzlemleri ve anlatım perspektifine, anlatının anlam evreninde yeni yollar açmak üzere yön verişlerinin biçimsel ve biçemsel göstergeleridir. Metnin çeşitli çevirilerinde metnin bu yönüyle ilgili farklı çözümler üretildiği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, çevirmenlerin görünürlüklerini de belirleyen seçimlerini metin içi ilişkiler çerçevesinde ele alarak, kaynak metinden uzaklaşma yönünde atılan adımların metin örgüsü üzerindeki yansımalarını değerlendirmektir.
DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES AND USE VALUES AT TAN PHU PROTECTIVE FORESTS, DONG NAI PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thi , Hung Dang Viet , Duy Le Thanh , Hop Nguyen Van , Lam Nguyen Thi Danh
Published: May 2022

The article presents the research results on medicinal plant resources at Tan Phu Protective Forests, Dong Nai Province. Initially, 351 plant species have been identified for medicinal use, belonging to 83 families, 3 plant divisions; in which: Pinophyta has 1 species belonging to 1 family; Polypodiophyta has 11 species belonging to 4 families; Magnoliophyta has 339 species belonging to 78 families. The life form is very diverse with the woody group having the highest number of species 152 species (accounting for 43.3%), the group of herbs having 73 species (20.8%), the group of shrubs, having 72 species (20.5%); The liana has 40 species (11.4%) and the epiphytes has the least with 14 species (4.0%), respectively. Medicinal plants are mainly used to treat groups of pimples, rashes, inflammation with 155 species (accounting for 44.16%); the group used to treat colds and fever with 112 species (accounting for 31.9%); group used to treat dysentery, diarrhea with 107 species (30.5%); group used to treat low and painful anesthesia with 105 species (29.9%); in the digestive system with 104 species (29.63%), respectively. The most commonly used treatment is pounding for topical use and excellent for internal use. Recorded 07 species in Group IIA in Decree 06/2019/ND-CP; 06 species in the Vietnam Red Data Book (2007): 03 species classified as Vulnerable - VU; 03 species classified as Endangered - EN. The medicinal resources here are being over-exploited, so it is necessary to have measures for conservation and development.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (PFES) TOWARD SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN DA BAC DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE
Authors: Truong Vu Van , Hao Nguyen Thi Bich , Tuan Le Phu , Kha Pham Van , Huong Tran Thi , Quang Pham Duy
Published: May 2022

By conducting interviews, summarizing and analyzing secondary documents, and employing a set of published indicators to evaluate the payment for forest environmental services (PFES), the research has examined the current status of the forest in the study area as well as the contribution of special-use and protection forests to revenue improvement from PFES. The results show that PFES in Da Bac district has high transparency, fairness and effectiveness. However, the results of the SWOT analysis demonstrate that the current situation of PFES and forest protection and development in Da Bac have been facing many difficulties and challenges, such as poor coordination among stakeholders in implementing PFES; forest protection and development with low effectiveness and consolidation; lack of forest rangers according to the provisions of law; pressure caused by natural forest exploitation activities of people living in neighboring communes outside the basin; and regularly updated technology requiring forest rangers and staff from the forest protection and development fund to quickly perceive it in order to successfully complete their tasks. Therefore, solutions have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of PFES towards sustainable forest development.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY OF HOUSEHOLDS: A CASE STUDY FROM BAC KAN PROVINCE
Authors: Hai Le Dinh , Huong Nguyen Lan
Published: May 2022

Multidimensional poverty is a novel approach that has been put into use in Vietnam in the period 2016-2020. This is a new basis for poverty assessment, prevailing the limitations of measuring by income. The study aims to determine key factors influencing multidimensional poverty and propose solutions to reduce multidimensional poverty for households in Luong Thuong commune, Na Ri district, Bac Kan province. By conducting a survey from 150 households in the study area and using Binary Logistic Regression model for data analysis, the study identifies five key factors significantly affecting multidimensional poverty of households in the study area, including: (1) land area of the household; (2) ability to access information by households; (3) participation in agriculture extension activities; (4) ethnicity of household head; and (5) number of dependant in the household. Based on that, four solutions were proposed to help households in study area escape from multidimensional poverty, including (i) increasing the land area for the poor household; (ii) improving access information for households; (iii) renovating agricultural extension; (iv) reducing the number of dependants in the household. These solutions can be used as valuable reference materials for developing policies of sustainable poverty reduction for households in the study area in particular and in whole country in general.
IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF INPUT PROVISION SERVICES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL MATERIAL INDUSTRY IN LAO CAI PROVINCE
Authors: Son Ho Ngoc , Tuan Bui Tuan , Huyen Dinh Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants are important non-timber forest products which receives high priority in investment and development in many northern mountainous provinces, especially Lao Cai province. Planting medicinal herbs has contributed significantly to the income of local ethnic minorities. The demand for input services such as seeds, agricultural materials and credit is increasing. The quality of medicinal herbs also depends much on the quality of input provision services. This study was conducted to evaluate the service delivery capacity of service providers for the medicinal material industry in Lao Cai province. The study was conducted through interviews, group discussions, expert consultations, and field observations in two districts of Bat Xat and Bac Ha of Lao Cai province in 2020. Research results showed that farmers growing medicinal herbs in Lao Cai have an increasing need for loans to invest in growing medicinal herbs but was not yet willing to borrow capital to develop and expand the area of medicinal herbs. Cooperatives and businesses currently have short-term revolving loan needs, and do not have a plan to borrow long-term investment capital. The demand for technical services and other input materials in the development of medicinal herbs increases following the expansion of medicinal material areas. However, the provision capacity of the existing agencies is still very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to pilot and implement the service delivery model in line with the market system development approach in which the suppliers will participate in co-investment with farmers, production and processing cooperatives to ensure sustainability, efficiency, mobilizing resources of the private sector to develop medicinal herbs, expanding product consumption markets, thereby encouraging farmers to invest in expanding and improving production and production quality medicinal products.
EFFECTS OF COMBINING THE O2O MODEL, REGIONAL PRODUCTS AND EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM’S RURAL E-COMMERCE
Authors: Quyet Tran Nho , Tong Guang Ji , Hien Nguyen ThiThanh
Published: May 2022

Rural E-commerce has performed as a new area to consider, primarily takes spontaneous nature and it does not have an obvious orientation. As a result, rural E-commerce needs to select a suitable development model to form the breakthrough premise for Vietnam’s agriculture. Moreover, the core goal of this model is to intensify agricultural trading to build a modern agricultural product trading system (1 out of 3 new TAM NONG ideological criteria). Along with the purpose to exploit the potential in rural areas, increase the farmers’ income and improve the standard of living - a foundation to create a green, clean and beautiful environment, modernize the agricultural economy; the research is also of great significance in the development of modern TAM NONG policy with recent 4.0 technology in Vietnam. This research uses a cross-sectional descriptive method, aiming at shedding light on the key factor for the development of rural E-commerce in Vietnam based on the O2O model, including the ability to participate in E-commerce (age, gender, etc), living areas (rural, urban), academic level, combining of cultural, rural, regional specialties in developing field-trip ecotourism, managing logistics. As a result, our research aims to establish a new rural E-commerce combining 3 in 1: E-commerce O2O model, rural specialties, together with rural educational experience.
The Authority of Gene Modifiers in β-Thalassemia Major and Its Relationship to the Pathophysiology of the Disease
Authors: Eldin Eman Nasr , Sayed Sally A. , Ismail Asmaa M. , Abdellatif Hebat Alla , Idriss Naglaa K. , Abde-Elkader Alaa S.
Published: May 2022

β-Thalassemia, an inherited red blood cell disorder, presents a significant health problem worldwide and is caused by defects in the β-globin gene, resulting in the reduction or absence of β-globin chain synthesis. That leads to blood transfusion dependency with its terrible complications. Polymorphisms at position -158 of XmnI-HBG2 on chromosome 11 and BCL11A site on chromosome 2p16 might be linked with elevated hemoglobin F (HbF) appearance, which may, in turn, improve β-thalassemia sternness. This study aims to walk around the amending effects of XmnI and BCL11A loci on HbF levels in Egyptian β-thalassemia patients. Material and Methods. A prospective case-control study of 70 multi-transfused β-thalassemia major patients and 22 controls was performed in the Paediatric hematology unit of Assiut university hospital from June 2019 till April 2021. PCR-RFLP was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms at XmnI and BCL11A site loci. Results. XmnI Polymorphism was detected in 9 of 70 patients and associated with higher mean HbF levels (53.48%) than patients without polymorphism (mean Hb level was 42.23%)(P-Value=0.035). The frequency of CT heterozygous genotype was 8 (11.4%), TT homozygous genotype was (1.4%), while the wild genotype CC was detected in 61 (87.1%) of the cases. While BCL11A Polymorphism detected in 21 of 70 patients did not affect either Hb or HbF levels (P-Value =0.26). The TT genotype frequency was 49 (70%), and TC heterozygous genotype was detected in 21 (30 %) of patients. The CC genotype was absent. Conclusion: XmnI -158Gγ polymorphism, but not BCL11A polymorphism, has a modifying effect on both Hb and HbF levels in Egyptian β-thalassaemia major patients. Our research goal is to investigate the frequency of XmnI and BCL11A polymorphism in thalassemia major and investigate the HbF level difference according to the XmnI and BCL11A polymorphism of phenotype group in thalassemia major.
Cardiac Complications in COVID-19 Infected Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Authors: Soomro Ghulam Hussain , Kumari Cheena , Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Memon Zainab Aslam Saeed , Hussain Fatima Iqbal , Haq Qazi Arsalan Ul , Noor Uraza
Published: May 2022

The objective of the current cross-sectional study was to determine the frequency, types, associations, and outcome of cardiac complications in hospitalized COVID-19 infected patients. This study was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton campus, Karachi, from 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021. A total number of 1,050 patients were included in the study through consecutive sampling with the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Patients were labeled as having complications secondary to COVID pneumonia only after comparing their hospital's clinical course with their baseline status. The independent variables were age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension), while the dependent variables were cardiac complications including acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, pericarditis, and arrhythmias. The Association of complications with independent variables was analyzed by applying the Chi-Square test and statistical significance was set at a P-value of ≤0.05. There were 599 (57.0%) males and 451 (43.0%) females with the mean age of the participants being 55.1 years (± 13.08) years. Diabetes and hypertension were present in 451 (43.0%) and 490 (46.6%) patients respectively. Out of 1050 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 55.6% of patients, including 23.1% acute coronary syndrome, 19.3% arrhythmias, 10.8% myocarditis, and 2.2% pericarditis. Analysis of secondary endpoint showed that 31.1% of patients had severe disease out of which the mortality was 39.4%. Acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation are frequent complications, especially in those with severe disease and multi-organ dysfunction. Furthermore, the incidence of these complications is higher in patients with multiple co-morbidities. Considering the devastating impact this pandemic has had globally, it is important to know the cardiac involvement this condition can have along with the debilitating outcome so that healthcare facilities can be upgraded to provide better care to save lives.
Prediction of the Energy Consumption for Indoor Strawberry Cultivation in a Tropical Climate
Authors: Wai Thiri Shoon , Maruyama Naoki , Mona Yuttana , Chaichana Chatchawan
Published: May 2022

This article addresses the lack of information for predicting the energy consumption of strawberry plantations inside plant factories located in tropical climate regions. This study aims to investigate the energy consumption of the cultivation of strawberries in the controlled environment room and to develop a TRNSYS computer model for the controlled environment room. Experiments were conducted in a 25 m3 controlled environment room. There are 180 strawberry trees inside the room. Light Emitting Diode (LED) grow light substitutes for natural sunlight. An air conditioner was used to regulate the indoor air condition. A computer model was developed using TRNSYS (TRaNsientSYStem simulation tool) and was validated using the collected data. There are three main components of the room heat load: transmission, lighting, and evapotranspiration. The lighting heat load shares more than 96% of the total heat load — the evapotranspiration load increases when the LED turns on. However, the lighting consumes only about 36% of total electricity consumption, while the air conditioner consumes 64%. Most of the electricity is used during the runner stage. Electricity consumption can be saved by 40% if the runners are grown outside the plant factory. Therefore, the high heat load is a feature in the plant factory. In this study, the lighting heat load is the most significant parameter. The strawberry light intensity requirement is the high lighting heat load. Consequently, the electricity for the air conditioner becomes high since the air conditioner removes the generated heat from the high light intensity. Therefore, the air conditioner electricity consumption is enormous in this study. Moreover, the required lighting intensity, photoperiod, and low air temperature factors affect electricity consumption. Therefore, the results from this study could provide strategies for energy cost reduction and plantation management for plant factories cultivation.