bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of reasons and risks for acute service use by older adult residents of long‐term care
Authors: Merrick Eamon , Bloomfield Katherine , Seplaki Christopher , Shannon Kay , Wham Carol , Winnington Rhona , Neville Stephen , Bail Kasia , Fry Margaret , Turner Murray , MacFarlane Joanna
Published: April 2024

Aims and Objectives

To identify the reasons and/or risk factors for hospital admission and/or emergency department attendance for older (≥60 years) residents of long‐term care facilities.

Background

Older adults' use of acute services is associated with significant financial and social costs. A global understanding of the reasons for the use of acute services may allow for early identification and intervention, avoid clinical deterioration, reduce the demand for health services and improve quality of life.

Design

Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022326964) and reported following PRISMA guidelines.

Methods

The search strategy was developed in consultation with an academic librarian. The strategy used MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Articles published since 2017 in English were eligible for inclusion. CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched (11/08/22). Title, abstract, and full texts were screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria; data extraction was performed two blinded reviewers. Quality of evidence was assessed using the NewCastle Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

Thirty‐nine articles were eligible and included in this review; included research was assessed as high‐quality with a low risk of bias. Hospital admission was reported as most likely to occur during the first year of residence in long‐term care. Respiratory and cardiovascular diagnoses were frequently associated with acute services use. Frailty, hypotensive medications, falls and inadequate nutrition were associated with unplanned service use.

Conclusions

Modifiable risks have been identified that may act as a trigger for assessment and be amenable to early intervention. Coordinated intervention may have significant individual, social and economic benefits.

Relevance to clinical practice

This review has identified several modifiable reasons for acute service use by older adults. Early and coordinated intervention may reduce the risk of hospital admission and/or emergency department.

Reporting method

This systematic review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Examining the training design and training transfer of a boundary management training: A randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Reinke Kathrin , Ohly Sandra
Published: April 2024

In our mobile working world, boundaries between work and non‐work domains are more and more blurred, which can impair professionals' recovery and well‐being. Consequently, managing work–non‐work boundaries represents an important challenge for professionals. Research suggests that boundary work tactics conveyed in boundary management interventions may promote recovery and well‐being. However, the efficacy of boundary work tactics is largely unknown, as well as theoretical mechanisms that may explain the effectiveness of boundary management interventions in regard of both training design and training transfer. Building on the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a web‐based boundary management training. Based on the integrated training transfer and effectiveness model, we evaluate its effects on the three levels of training effectiveness: (1) perceived learning, (2) cognitions and behaviours, with boundary control and boundary creation as indicators, and (3) recovery and well‐being. Results of our randomized controlled intervention study show several expected changes in boundary creation, suggesting that drawing on the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation for training design can result in effective behaviour change. Intervention effects on recovery and well‐being are more ambiguous, hinting at the power but likewise potential limitations of boundary creation.
The influence of psychotherapy on individuals who have attempted suicide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Xinqing , Song Jingjing , Jia Liping
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Suicide is a serious global public health issue, and a history of attempted suicide is the most critical indicator of suicide risk. There are limited studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in individuals who have attempted suicide, and other outcome measures related to suicide risk in suicide attempts have not been explored.

Aim/Question

This study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of psychotherapy on individuals who have attempted suicide.

Methods

This study conducted a comprehensive literature search of five major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Ovid). The protocol for this study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023464401) and follows the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

This meta‐analysis included a total of 34 trials from 32 literature sources. The study involved a total of 6600 participants. The results showed that psychotherapy had a positive effect on reducing the suicidal tendencies of individuals who have attempted suicide and effectively reduced the number of repeated suicide attempts as well as the levels of suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety and hopelessness.

Implications for Practice

This study concludes that psychotherapy is effective in reducing the suicidal tendencies of individuals who have attempted suicide. Psychological therapy for individuals who have attempted suicide are crucial in preventing future suicidal behaviours.
Single‐step, non‐surgical placement of permanent low‐profile cystostomy tubes in dogs: 10 cases (2018‐2023)
Authors: Lea C. , Kelly D.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Low‐profile cystostomy tubes provide an alternative to conventional cystostomy tubes with external tubing. Previously, these have been placed surgically involving coeliotomy, cystotomy and cystopexy, or have been used as replacement tubes in existing stoma sites. The purpose of this study is to describe a technique for, and the outcomes of, single‐step, non‐surgical low‐profile cystostomy tube placement.

Materials and Methods

All cases that had single‐step, non‐surgical placement of low‐profile cystotomy tube attempted at the authors' institutions were included in this study. Data, including success rates, outcomes and complications, were extracted from the medical records.

Results

Ten client‐owned dogs were inclided. Single‐step, non‐surgical placement was successful in eight out of 10 dogs, with placement being unsuccessful in two thus necessitating coeliotomy. The median duration that low‐profile cystostomy tubes were in place was 7.0 months (range 4 days to 38 months). Seven of the eight dogs required replacement of their cystostomy tube. Mean time until first tube replacement was 103 days (range 13 to 363 days).

Clinical Significance

Single‐step, non‐surgical placement of a low‐profile cystostomy tube is a viable alternative to surgical placement. Lack of cystopexy does not appear to result in complications. Conversion to coeliotomy might be required if tube placement is not successful with this technique. Complications seen with non‐surgical tube placement such as inadvertent tube removal were similar to those previously reported for surgically placed tubes.
Effect of dietary β‐carotene supplementation on growth and antioxidant capability of female swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Ma Tianli , He Jie , Jiang Xiaodong , Hu Qingsong
Published: April 2024

Dietary supplementation with synthetic β‐carotene was investigated in this study to assess its impact on gonad development, antioxidant status, color parameters, and carotenoid composition in adult female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Four diets, designated as Diet 1 to 4, were formulated to contain 3.07, 53.78, 103.23, and 205.22 mg/kg dry diets of synthetic β‐carotene. The findings revealed the following: (1) No significant differences in body weights or feed utilization were observed, indicating that β‐carotene did not significantly enhance the growth of adult P. trituberculatus. (2) The inclusion of 50–100 mg/kg β‐carotene in the diets led to improvements in antioxidant capacity indicators (T‐AOC, MDA) and immune‐related parameters (AKP, ACP) in both hepatopancreas and hemolymph. (3) Notably, the redness of ovaries and hepatopancreas increased significantly with higher dietary β‐carotene supplementation for color enhancement. In conclusion, incorporating β‐carotene into the diet enhanced the antioxidative capability, nonspecific immunity, and tissue carotenoid contents in adult female P. trituberculatus, and the optimal level of dietary synthetic β‐carotene supplementation for adult female P. trituberculatus was suggested to be around 100 mg/kg.
Improving predictive accuracy in primary biliary cholangitis: A new genetic risk score
Authors: Gerussi Alessio , Cappadona Claudio , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Cristoferi Laura , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Carbone Marco , Invernizzi Pietro , Asselta Rosanna ,   the Italian PBC Genetic Study Group
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Genetic variants influence primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) risk. We established and tested an accurate polygenic risk score (PRS) using these variants.

Methods

Data from two Italian cohorts (OldIT 444 cases, 901 controls; NewIT 255 cases, 579 controls) were analysed. The latest international genome‐wide meta‐analysis provided effect size estimates. The PRS, together with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status and sex, was included in an integrated risk model.

Results

Starting from 46 non‐HLA genes, 22 variants were selected. PBC patients in the OldIT cohort showed a higher risk score than controls: −.014 (interquartile range, IQR, −.023, .005) versus −.022 (IQR −.030, −.013) (p < 2.2 × 10−16). For genetic‐based prediction, the area under the curve (AUC) was .72; adding sex increased the AUC to .82. Validation in the NewIT cohort confirmed the model's accuracy (.71 without sex, .81 with sex). Individuals in the top group, representing the highest 25%, had a PBC risk approximately 14 times higher than that of the reference group (lowest 25%; p < 10−6).

Conclusion

The combination of sex and a novel PRS accurately discriminated between PBC cases and controls. The model identified a subset of individuals at increased risk of PBC who might benefit from tailored monitoring.
Organ‐specific responses to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicentre, retrospective study
Authors: Cheon Jaekyung , Jung Sanghoon , Kim Jung Sun , Kang Beodeul , Kim Hyeyoung , Chan Landon L. , Becker Lars , Gaillard Vincent E. , Chan Stephen L. , Kim Chan , Chon Hong Jae
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Anti‐programmed death 1 (PD‐1) monotherapy triggers various responses by each organ. In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while extrahepatic lesions demonstrate objective response rates (ORR) of 20%–40%, only 10% of intrahepatic lesions respond. Although first‐line atezolizumab/bevacizumab has shown survival benefits in advanced HCC, organ‐specific responses remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to assess organ‐specific responses in patients with advanced HCC receiving atezolizumab/bevacizumab.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included patients who received first‐line atezolizumab/bevacizumab for advanced HCC. Patients with Child‐Pugh class A, measurable tumour lesions and serial imaging available for response evaluation were eligible.

Results

Between May 2020 and June 2021, 131 patients (median age: 62) from three cancer referral institutions were included. Ninety‐one had hepatitis B (69.5%), 108 were at Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C (82.4%), and 78 had extrahepatic metastasis (59.5%). After a median follow‐up of 10.1 months, median progression‐free survival was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6–9.2), median overall survival remained unreached (95% CI, range unavailable) and the ORR was 29.0%. Among 270 individual tumour lesions, the liver was the most commonly involved organ (n = 158). Atezolizumab/bevacizumab induced ORR of 27.8%, 42.2%, 29.1% and 21.0% for liver, lymph nodes, lungs and other sites, respectively. The organ‐specific response rate for intrahepatic tumours decreased with increasing size (35.6%: <5 cm, 15.0%: ≥ 5 cm).

Conclusions

Unlike anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy, atezolizumab/bevacizumab demonstrated favourable responses in intrahepatic lesions, comparable to those in extrahepatic lesions, and may potentially overcome the immune‐tolerant hepatic microenvironment in patients with advanced HCC.
Ethnophilosophy as a global development goal
Authors: Tartaglia James
Published: April 2024

The ethnophilosophy debate in African philosophy has been primarily concerned with the nature and future direction of African philosophy, but this paper approaches the debate in search of lessons about philosophy in general. The paper shows how this ongoing debate has been obscured by varying understandings of “ethnophilosophy” and that a de facto victory has long since transpired, since “ethnophilosophy,” in the sense recommended here, is flourishing. The paper argues that the political arguments with which Hountondji and Wiredu initiated the debate in the 1970s supervene on the metaphilosophical view that ethnophilosophy, if philosophy at all, is of a poor standard. Showing that ethnophilosophy must indeed be philosophy, it argues that the critics' low opinions of it depend on unrealistic assumptions about how philosophy makes progress. The paper concludes that Africa is lucky to have ethnophilosophies and that the rest of the world should hope to develop some.
Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge
Authors: Baudin Maël , Le Naour‐Vernet Marie , Gladieux Pierre , Tharreau Didier , Lebrun Marc‐Henri , Lambou Karine , Leys Marie , Fournier Elisabeth , Césari Stella , Kroj Thomas
Published: April 2024

Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution. In the past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has emerged as a major model in molecular plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we focus on the clarification of the taxonomy and genetic structure of the species and its host range determinants. We also discuss recent molecular studies deciphering its lifecycle.

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Sordariomycetes, order: Magnaporthales, family: Pyriculariaceae, genus: Pyricularia.

Host range

P. oryzae has the ability to infect a wide range of Poaceae. It is structured into different host‐specialized lineages that are each associated with a few host plant genera. The fungus is best known to cause tremendous damage to rice crops, but it can also attack other economically important crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and finger millet.

Disease symptoms

P. oryzae can cause necrotic lesions or bleaching on all aerial parts of its host plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, and inflorescences (panicles, spikes, and seeds). Characteristic symptoms on leaves are diamond‐shaped silver lesions that often have a brown margin and whose appearance is influenced by numerous factors such as the plant genotype and environmental conditions.

USEFUL WEBSITES

Resources
URL

Genomic data repositories

http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/

Genomic data repositories

http://openriceblast.org/

Genomic data repositories

http://openwheatblast.net/

Genome browser for fungi (including P. oryzae)

http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html

Comparative genomics database

https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home

T‐DNA mutant database

http://atmt.snu.kr/

T‐DNA mutant database

http://www.phi‐base.org/

SNP and expression data

https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/
MdWRKY71 promotes the susceptibility of apple to Glomerella leaf spot by controlling salicylic acid degradation
Authors: Pei Tingting , Niu Dongshan , Ma Yongxin , Zhan Minghui , Deng Jie , Li Pengmin , Ma Fengwang , Liu Changhai
Published: April 2024

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, severely affects apple (Malus domestica) quality and yield. In this study, we found that the transcription factor MdWRKY71 was significantly induced by C. fructicola infection in the GLS‐susceptible apple cultivar Royal Gala. The overexpression of MdWRKY71 in apple leaves resulted in increased susceptibility to C. fructicola, whereas RNA interference of MdWRKY71 in leaves showed the opposite phenotypes. These findings suggest that MdWRKY71 functions as a susceptibility factor for the apple—C. fructicola interaction. Furthermore, MdWRKY71 directly bound to the promoter of the salicylic acid (SA) degradation gene Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6)‐Like Oxygenase 1 (DLO1) and promoted its expression, resulting in a reduced SA level. The sensitivity of 35S:MdWRKY71 leaves to C. fructicola can be effectively alleviated by knocking down MdDLO1 expression, confirming the critical role of MdWRKY71‐mediated SA degradation via regulating MdDLO1 expression in GLS susceptibility. In summary, we identified a GLS susceptibility factor, MdWRKY71, that targets the apple SA degradation pathway to promote fungal infection.
Istradefylline/L‐DOPA Parkinson's disease therapy and energy coupling
Authors: Kanzato Naomi , Nakachi Koh , Mochizuki Satsuki
Published: April 2024

Background

Both dopamine and adenosine are physiologically involved in cellular energy metabolism.

Aim

Novel approaches targeting delaying progression strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD) examined the effects of long‐term use of A2AR antagonist/istradefylline (IST) adjunct to L‐DOPA (LD), nutshell IST‐LD, with an expected energy coupling (EC) to attenuate neuronal excitotoxicity.

Methods

A single‐center prospective open cohort study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Okinawa Islands, Japan. The cohort included incident and prevalent PD cases that were non‐randomly assigned to the IST‐LD (n = 90) and LD (n = 157) groups, followed by an open‐label treatment in clinical practice from October 2013 to September 2020. Patients were evaluated using physician‐rated MDS‐UPDRS I/III, and patient‐rated MDS‐NMS using the total score, body weight, and blood biomarkers of EC.

Results

As the primary clinical outcome, MDS‐UPDRS part III scores showed less worsening in the IST‐LD than in the LD group (1.29 ± 6.0 vs. 5.0 ± 6.5, p < 0.01) and off‐time Hoehn and Yahr stage (0.05 ± 0.49 vs. 0.26 ± 0.54, p < 0.01). As the secondary clinical outcome, the detected mean body weight losses were similar between the two groups; however, the evident linkage of the daily dose of LD and variations in the blood markers of IGF‐I and HKII, which were inferred as LD‐mediated energy demand effects, were partially attenuated by IST.

Conclusion

IST‐LD plays an essential role in behavioral outputs for patients with PD and might contribute to the interplay of energy‐consuming demands of LD with the attenuation of weight loss and emerging type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Body mass index and meniscal tears: Evidence from meta‐analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Lee Jung Hoon , Oh Seungyeop , Kim Kihun , Lee Dongjun , Son Eunjeong , Kim Tae Woo , Goh Tae Sik , Cho Noo Ree , Kim Yun Hak
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a potential risk factor for meniscal tear (MT). We utilized meta‐analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MT. In meta‐analysis, a search was performed on June 27, 2022, using PubMed and Embase databases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from included studies. In MR analyses, the research utilized summary‐level data on BMI and MT obtained from Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. In meta‐analysis, four studies comprising 826,383 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio of MT in the high BMI group was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–2.09), compared with the nonhigh BMI group. The pooled odds ratio in the under 30 group was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–5.03). In MR analyses, one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI was associated with meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidential interval, 1.17–1.59). We found that a high BMI was not associated with an increased likelihood of MT based on meta‐analysis of observational studies; however, by complementing MR analyses, we elucidated the causality of BMI increase on meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT.
Association between a malnutrition screening tool and mealtime observation checklist items in older people receiving oral intake support: A cross‐sectional study of four long‐term care facilities
Authors: Nishioka Eri , Iwata Mayumi , Kumai Noriko , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Momoki Chika , Yasui Yoko , Habu Daiki
Published: April 2024

Background

Multiple nutritional screening tools are available for older people; however, few screening tools include specific eating behaviours as risk factors that could lead to poor food intake. The 24‐item mealtime observation checklist (MOCL), developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2015, comprises signs, symptoms and conditions during mealtime that reflect eating and swallowing functions and oral conditions.

Objectives

To examine factors associated with malnutrition among the MOCL items in older people.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort study conducted at four long‐term care facilities in Japan. Among the older people residing in the facilities, 198 who received oral intake support were included in the analyses. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA®‐SF), and comparisons were made between ‘malnutrition’ and ‘at‐risk or well‐nourished’. The association between each MOCL item and malnutrition was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 198 participants, 98 (49.5%) were classified as ‘malnutrition’, 98 (49.5%) as ‘at‐risk’ and 2 (1%) as ‘well‐nourished’ by MNA®‐SF. After adjusting for participant characteristics such as age and sex, significant associations with malnutrition were observed for four items from the 24‐item MOCL: ‘Has fatigue due to extended mealtime (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–7.53)’, ‘Food residues in the oral cavity are conspicuous (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.38–5.52)’, ‘Has difficulty swallowing food and takes time to swallow (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.45–9.84)’ and ‘Assisted feeding is required (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.73–7.91)’.

Conclusions

The four signs, symptoms and conditions during mealtime identified in this study may be associated with malnutrition in older people.

Implications for practice

These may indicate the potential eating problems that can lead to malnutrition. By incorporating them into early intervention and prevention measures, health care providers may help prevent malnutrition and improve the nutritional status of older people.
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica: Exploring extracutaneous comorbidities and topical therapy
Authors: Camiña‐Conforto Gemma , Ivars Marta , Sarquella‐Brugada Georgia , Valera‐Dávila Carlos , Salvador Héctor , Rovira Carlota , Baselga Eulalia
Published: April 2024

Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) is a RASopathy characterized by the presence of a sebaceous nevus and a papular speckled lentiginous nevus. This case report highlights the associated extracutaneous comorbidities, including life‐threatening arrhythmia, and introduces topical rapamycin as a potential therapeutic avenue for sebaceous nevus in PPK patients.
DcERF109 regulates shoot branching by participating in strigolactone signal transduction in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Han Yuliang , Zhang Juncheng , Zhang Siqi , Xiang Lijun , Lei Zhonghua , Huang Qixiu , Wang Huizhong , Chen Tao , Cai Maohong
Published: April 2024

Shoot branching fundamentally influences plant architecture and agricultural yield. However, research on shoot branching in Dendrobium catenatum, an endangered medicinal plant in China, remains limited. In this study, we identified a transcription factor DcERF109 as a key player in shoot branching by regulating the expression of strigolactone (SL) receptors DWARF 14 (D14)/ DECREASED APICAL DOMINANCE 2 (DAD2). The treatment of D. catenatum seedlings with GR24rac/TIS108 revealed that SL can significantly repress the shoot branching in D. catenatum. The expression of DcERF109 in multi‐branched seedlings is significantly higher than that of single‐branched seedlings. Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that overexpression of DcERF109 resulted in significant shoot branches increasing and dwarfing. Molecular and biochemical assays demonstrated that DcERF109 can directly bind to the promoters of AtD14 and DcDAD2.2 to inhibit their expression, thereby positively regulating shoot branching. Inhibition of DcERF109 by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in decreased shoot branching and improved DcDAD2.2 expression. Moreover, overexpression of DpERF109 in A. thaliana, the homologous gene of DcERF109 in Dendrobium primulinum, showed similar phenotypes to DcERF109 in shoot branch and plant height. Collectively, these findings shed new insights into the regulation of plant shoot branching and provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield of D. catenatum.
Policy influence and influencers online and off
Authors: Kotkaniemi Anniina , Ylä‐Anttila Tuomas , Chen Ted Hsuan Yun
Published: April 2024

Social media is an important arena for policy contestation. Although online social media debates can yield notable power over political processes offline, little research has examined the relationship between policy actors' influence in offline policymaking and social media policy arenas. We explore the relationship between four types of influence: reputational and formal‐institutional influence offline, and broadcasting and boosting influence online. We ask (1) are influential policy actors better able than others to broadcast their own messages on social media? and (2) are they better able than others to boost the broadcasting influence of other policy actors in social media? Using exponential random graph models on survey and Twitter data from the Finnish climate policy domain, we find that actors with high reputational influence in offline policymaking are also influential online, when measuring influence as the ability to broadcast one's own message. The pattern does not hold for those with formal‐institutional influence offline. Additionally, offline influence does not translate to the ability to further shape online influence by making boosting other actors' visibility. Our results suggest that although online influence partially corresponds to influence in policymaking, influence varies across arenas of policy contestation.
Geochronology and geochemistry of granitoids of the Yanghuidongzi porphyry Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province: Implications for petrogenesis and metallogenic setting during the Early Jurassic in the Northeast of China
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Zhang Peng , Chang Yan
Published: April 2024

The Yanghuidongzi Cu deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Cu deposit in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Cu mineralization is associated with granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite. This paper presents new zircon U–Pb dating, Hf–O isotopes, whole‐rock major and trace elements data for this deposit, to constrain the ore‐forming age and the magma source of the granitoids. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of zircons from granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite samples yielded ages of 192.8 ± 1.7 Ma, and 198.1 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the emplacement ages of granitoids. These age data confirm that the granodiorite porphyry is associated with the porphyry Cu deposit, and both granitic intrusion and Cu mineralization were associated with the Early Jurassic magmatism in NE China. The granodiorite porphyry has high SiO2, Al2O3, and Sr contents together with low concentrations of Y and Yb. It is enriched in LILE, and depleted in HFSE, classified as adakitic. The granodiorite has high SiO2 and K2O, enriched in LILE, depleted in HFSE, and is classified as high‐K calk‐alkaline I‐type granite. The granodiorite porphyry and granodiorite have variable εHf(t) values (5.2 to 9.5), Mesoproterozoic two‐stage Hf models (TDM2) of 629–905 Ma, and δ18O values (4.26‰ to 7.50‰). These geochemical data and zircon Hf–O isotopes suggest that the granodiorite porphyry originated from the partial melting of thickened juvenile crustal materials and granodiorite derived from the partial melting of juvenile crustal materials with an additional of mantle‐derived magmas input. Combining our new data with the regional tectonic setting, the Yanghuidongzi Cu deposit and the related granitoids formed in a compressional tectonic setting associated with the subduction of the Paleo–Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.
Identification of key potential risk areas and key potential failure modes in hemodialysis rooms by the FMEA method following routine prevention and control of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ruan Yingying , Hong Qijun , Feng Lili , Chien Ching‐Wen , Sun Kai , Chuang Yen‐Ching , Tang Fuqin
Published: April 2024

Hemodialysis is an important part of nosocomial infection prevention and control (IPC). This study aimed to identify the key potential risk areas and failure modes in hemodialysis rooms in hospitals and put forward a series of improvement measures to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Hemodialysis patients are highly susceptible to COVID‐19 and usually have a high incidence of severe illness and mortality after infection with COVID‐19. Therefore, IPC in hemodialysis patients is of crucial strategic significance. Based on 30 domain experts’ interviews and careful analysis of prevention and control documents, we constructed a comprehensive failure system for a model that identifies the potential risks for nosocomial COVID‐19 infection in the hemodialysis room. Subsequently, a thorough risk assessment of the potential failure factors identified in our model was conducted. The failure key factors corresponding to the human element in medical waste (garbage) disposal (C2) are verified to be the highest risk factors. They are as follows: The cleaning staff did not dispose of different types of medical waste (garbage) (C21), did not wear masks according to the regulations (C22), and lacked knowledge and norms of nosocomial IPC (C23). This study provides valuable insights for hospital decision‐makers on the potential failure factors related to COVID‐19 infections in hemodialysis rooms. By working with hospital infection specialists, the suggested improvement measures can help reduce the risk of virus exposure among hospital medical staff, patients, and cleaning staff.
A Manufacturability Evaluation of Complex Architectures by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: McGregor Martine , Patel Sagar , Zhang Kevin , Yu Adam , Vlasea Mihaela , McLachlin Stewart
Published: April 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables new possibilities for the design and manufacturing of complex metal architectures. Incorporating lattice structures into complex part geometries can enhance strength-to-weight and surface area-to-volume ratios for valuable components, particularly in industries such as medical devices and aerospace. However, lattice structures and their interconnections may result in unsupported down-skin surfaces, potentially limiting their manufacturability by metal AM technologies, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This study aimed to examine the correlation between down-skin surface area and the manufacturability of lattice structures fabricated using LPBF. Image processing algorithms were used to analyze down-skin surface areas of seven unique lattice designs and to devise quantitative metrics (such as down-skin surface area, discrete surface count, surface interconnectivity, down-skin ratio, over-print/under-print volumes, etc.) to evaluate LPBF manufacturability. The seven lattice designs were subsequently manufactured using maraging steel via LPBF and then examined using imaging using X-ray micro-computed tomography (XCT). The geometric accuracy of the lattice designs was compared with XCT scans of the manufactured lattices by employing a voxel-based image comparison technique. The results indicated a strong relationship between down-skin surface area, surface interconnectivity, and the manufacturability of a given lattice design. The digital manufacturability evaluation workflow was also applied to a medical device design, further affirming its potential industrial utility for complex geometries.
Prediction of Human Reaching Pose Sequences in Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Flowers Jared , Wiens Gloria
Published: April 2024

In human–robot collaboration, robots and humans must work together in shared, overlapping, workspaces to accomplish tasks. If human and robot motion can be coordinated, then collisions between robot and human can seamlessly be avoided without requiring either of them to stop work. A key part of this coordination is anticipating humans’ future motion so robot motion can be adapted proactively. In this work, a generative neural network predicts a multi-step sequence of human poses for tabletop reaching motions. The multi-step sequence is mapped to a time-series based on a human speed versus motion distance model. The input to the network is the human’s reaching target relative to current pelvis location combined with current human pose. A dataset was generated of human motions to reach various positions on or above the table in front of the human starting from a wide variety of initial human poses. After training the network, experiments showed that the predicted sequences generated by this method matched the actual recordings of human motion within an L2 joint error of 7.6 cm and L2 link roll–pitch–yaw error of 0.301 rad on average. This method predicts motion for an entire reach motion without suffering from the exponential propagation of prediction error that limits the horizon of prior works.
Description of one new genus and three new eriophyoid mite species (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from South China
Authors: Lian Ranran , Tan Mengchao , Yang Ting , Wang Guoquan
Published: April 2024

A new genus and three new species of eriophyoid mites from China are described and illustrated. They are Abifurcacothrix brassaiopsis gen. nov. & sp. nov. infesting Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel. (Araliaceae), Neocalepitrimerus pittosporus sp. nov. and Diptilomiopus illicioides sp. nov. infesting Pittosporum illicioides Mak. (Pittosporaceae). These new species were found to be vagrant on the lower surface of their associated plant leaves, with no apparent damage observed.
Flagellin-modulated inflammasome pathways characterize the human alveolar macrophage response to
Burkholderia pseudomallei
, a lung-tropic pathogen
Authors: Lovelace-Macon Lara , Baker Sarah M. , Ducken Deirdre , Seal Sudeshna , Rerolle Guilhem , Tomita Diane , Smith Kelly D. , Schwarz Sandra , West T. Eoin
Published: April 2024

Melioidosis is an emerging tropical infection caused by inhalation, inoculation, or ingestion of the flagellated, facultatively intracellular pathogen
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. The melioidosis case fatality rate is often high, and pneumonia, the most common presentation, doubles the risk of death. The alveolar macrophage is a sentinel pulmonary host defense cell, but the human alveolar macrophage in
B. pseudomallei
infection has never been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the host-pathogen interaction of
B. pseudomallei
infection with the human alveolar macrophage and to determine the role of flagellin in modulating inflammasome-mediated pathways. We found that
B. pseudomallei
infects primary human alveolar macrophages but is gradually restricted in the setting of concurrent cell death. Electron microscopy revealed cytosolic bacteria undergoing division, indicating that
B. pseudomallei
likely escapes the alveolar macrophage phagosome and may replicate in the cytosol, where it triggers immune responses. In paired human blood monocytes, uptake and intracellular restriction of
B. pseudomallei
are similar to those observed in alveolar macrophages, but cell death is reduced. The alveolar macrophage cytokine response to
B. pseudomallei
is characterized by marked interleukin (IL)-18 secretion compared to monocytes. Both cytotoxicity and IL-18 secretion in alveolar macrophages are partially flagellin dependent. However, the proportion of IL-18 release that is driven by flagellin is greater in alveolar macrophages than in monocytes. These findings suggest differential flagellin-mediated inflammasome pathway activation in the human alveolar macrophage response to
B. pseudomallei
infection and expand our understanding of intracellular pathogen recognition by this unique innate immune lung cell.
Surface Spin Polarization in the Magnetic Response of GeTe Rashba Ferroelectric
Authors: Avakyants A. A. , Orlova N. N. , Timonina A. V. , Kolesnikov N. N. , Deviatov E. V.
Published: April 2024

We experimentally investigate magnetization reversal curves for a GeTe topological semimetal. In addition to the known lattice diamagnetic response, we observe narrow magnetization loop in low fields, which should not be expected for non-magnetic material. The diamagnetic hysteresis loop is unusual, so the saturation level is negative in positive fields, and the loop is passed clockwise, in contrast to standard ferromagnetic behavior. We show, that the experimental hysteresis curves cannot be obtained from standard ferromagnetic ones by adding/subtracting of any linear dependence, or even by considering several interacting magnetic phases. The latter possibility is also eliminated by the remanence plots technique (Henkel or $$\delta M$$ plots). We explain our results as a direct consequence of the correlation between ferroelectricity and spin-polarized surface states in GeTe, similarly to magnetoelectric structures.
Evaluation of spring-type and winter-type Brassica napus germplasm for genetic diversity in response to flea beetle herbivory in typical and atypical planting windows
Authors: Heath Julian , Kott Laima , Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi Mohsen , Rajcan Istvan
Published: April 2024

Current practices of flea beetle ( Phyllotreta spp.) control in Brassica napus L. rely heavily on seed treatments and due to growing concerns regarding the safety of such treatments on non-target and beneficial insect populations, genetic resistance would be beneficial for a more balanced integrated pest management strategy. However, none of the registered B. napus. canola varieties exhibit measurable resistance to flea beetle injury. To this end, an evaluation of 14 winter-type B. napus breeding lines and 15 spring-type B. napus breeding lines for resistance to flea beetle feedings was conducted, as it was found that at least one line in each family exhibited noticeably reduced flea beetle damage compared to sister lines in a breeding nursery. The study revealed natural genetic variation within B. napus for flea beetle antixenosis which could be used by dedicated breeders to develop canola varieties with higher levels of flea beetle resistance. Data indicated that host plant resistance did not vary between feeding by newly emerged adult flea beetles in the fall and the overwintered adults in the spring in either winter-type or spring-type canola, as well as for adult feeding preferences. This indicates that favourable genes identified in in either habitat-type could be used interchangeably to confer resistance even though the flea beetle life cycle is different for each planting period, while either overwintered adults or newly emerged adults can be used to evaluate feeding damage.
The determinant of semigroups of the pseudovariety ECOM
Authors: Shahzamanian M. H.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to compute the nonzero semigroup determinant of the class of finite semigroups in which every two idempotents commute. This class strictly contains the class of finite semigroups that have central idempotents and the class of finite inverse semigroups. This computation holds significance in the context of the extension of the MacWilliams theorem for codes over semigroup algebras.
Systems Interoperability Types: A Tertiary Study
Authors: Maciel Rita Suzana Pitangueira , Valle Pedro Henrique Dias , Santos Kécia Souza , Nakagawa Elisa Yumi
Published: April 2024

Interoperability has been a focus of attention over at least four decades, with the emergence of several interoperability types (or levels), diverse models, frameworks, and solutions, also as a result of a continuous effort from different domains. The current heterogeneity in technologies such as blockchain, IoT and new application domains such as Industry 4.0 brings not only new interaction possibilities but also challenges for interoperability. Moreover, confusion and ambiguity in the current understanding of interoperability types exist, hampering stakeholders’ communication and decision-making. This work presents an updated panorama of software-intensive systems interoperability with particular attention to its types. For this, we conducted a tertiary study that scrutinized 37 secondary studies published from 2012 to 2023, from which we found 36 interoperability types associated with 117 different definitions, besides 13 interoperability models and six frameworks in various domains. This panorama reveals that the concern with interoperability has migrated from technical to social-technical issues going beyond the software systems’ boundary and still requiring solving many open issues. We also address the urgent actions and also potential research opportunities to leverage interoperability as a multidisciplinary research field to achieve low-coupled, cost-effective, and interoperable systems.
Blockchained Federated Learning for Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Jiang Yanna , Ma Baihe , Wang Xu , Yu Guangsheng , Yu Ping , Wang Zhe , Ni Wei , Liu Ren Ping
Published: April 2024

The demand for intelligent industries and smart services based on big data is rising rapidly with the increasing digitization and intelligence of the modern world. This survey comprehensively reviews Blockchained Federated Learning (BlockFL) that joins the benefits of both Blockchain and Federated Learning to provide a secure and efficient solution for the demand. We compare the existing BlockFL models in four Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios: Personal IoT (PIoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and Internet of Health Things (IoHT), with a focus on security and privacy, trust and reliability, efficiency, and data diversity. Our analysis shows that the features of decentralization and transparency make BlockFL a secure and effective solution for distributed model training, while the overhead and compatibility still need further study. It also reveals the unique challenges of each domain presents unique challenges, e.g., the requirement of accommodating dynamic environments in IoV and the high demands of identity and permission management in IoHT, in addition to some common challenges identified, such as privacy, resource constraints, and data heterogeneity. Furthermore, we examine the existing technologies that can benefit BlockFL, thereby helping researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions about the selection and development of BlockFL for various IoT application scenarios.
Fatigue Crack Propagation Across the Multiple Length Scales of Technically Relevant Metallic Materials
Authors: Hohenwarter Anton , Leitner Thomas , Pippan Reinhard
Published: April 2024

The fundamentals of our understanding of fatigue crack propagation were formed more than 60 years ago by Paul C. Paris. Since then, the run toward new metallic materials and alloys with ever finer-grained microstructures has had a large impact on research. Along with enormous variation of the microstructural length scales (i.e., grain size), the essential parameters for the description of fatigue crack growth, such as the crack propagation rate and plastic zone size, also exhibit an immense change from the subnanometer to the micrometer regime. These enormous variations in the fatigue crack growth behavior's controlling parameters motivate this contribution. This article presents an overview of the effect of grain size, from the millimeter to the nanometer grain-size regime, on fatigue crack propagation of mainly ductile metals and alloys with an attempt to summarize the most important findings and underlying physical phenomena, including with respect to selected materials such as pure iron, nickel, and austenitic and pearlitic steel.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The Web-Based Portal SpatialTME Integrates Histological Images with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics to Explore the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Shi Jintong , Wei Xia , Xun Zhenzhen , Ding Xinyu , Liu Yao , Liu Lianxin , Ye Youqiong
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S2. Spatial structure and heterogeneity of TME, related to Figure 2.
Supplementary Figure S8 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S8
Supplementary Data Figure S5 from KDM5C-Mediated Recruitment of BRD4 to Chromatin Regulates Enhancer Activation and BET Inhibitor Sensitivity
Authors: Qiang Yulong , Fan Jiachen , Xie Chuanshuai , Yan Leilei , Song Xiaofei , Zhang Nan , Lin Yan , Xiong Jie , Zhang Wei , Liu Yu , Wei Lei , Li Yu , Chen Shizhen , Liang Kaiwei , Li Feng
Published: April 2024

RACK7 forms a complex with KDM5C and BRD4 and contributes to BRD4 chromatin recruitment.
Supplementary Figure S11 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S11
Supplementary Figure S7 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S7 shows that MIF is associated with immunosuppressive Tumor microenvironment.
Supplemental Table 4 from ERBB3 Overexpression is Enriched in Diverse Patient Populations with Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer and is Associated with a Unique AR Activity Signature
Authors: Vellky Jordan E. , Kirkpatrick Brenna J. , Gutgesell Lisa C. , Morales Mathias , Brown Ryan M. , Wu Yaqi , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Notardonato Lucia D. , Weinfeld Michael S. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Brister Eileen , Sverdlov Maria , Liu Li , Xu Ziqiao , Kregel Steven , Nonn Larisa , Vander Griend Donald J. , Reizine Natalie M.
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Table 4. Canonical Prostate Cancer Alterations in the UI Cohort.