bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dimethyl (1‐Nitromethylalkyl)phosphonates and Their Conversion to Dimethyl (2‐Formylalkyl)phosphonates by Oxidation with Ozone.
Authors: YAMASHITA M. , SUGIURA M. , OSHIKAWA T. , INOKAWA S.
Published: May 2016

The (1‐nitromethylalkyl)phosphonates (III), obtained by coupling dimethyl phosphinate (I) with the nitroalkenes (II), are oxidized by ozone to give the aldehydes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Ketone Rearrangements of tert‐Butanoyl Substituted η6‐Arene‐η5‐cyclopentadienyliron(II) Cations.
Authors: ROBERTS R. M. G. , WELLS A. S.
Published: May 2016

Alkanoylferrocenes such as (I) react with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to perform a ligand substitution reaction, yielding benzenecyclopentadienyliron complexes, e.g. (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Porphyrins with C2 Symmetry.
Authors: OGOSHI H. , SAITA K. , SAKURAI K. , WATANABE T. , TOI H. , AOYAMA Y. , OKAMOTO Y.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the dipyrromethane (I) with 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde (II) yields the substituted porphyrin (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Route to cis‐Caronaldehyde from D‐Mannitol.
Authors: TAKANO S. , KUROTAKI A. , TAKAHASHI M. , OGASAWARA K.
Published: May 2016

The mannitol derivative (I) is the starting compound for the synthesis of the diastereomeric esters (Va) and (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Acting Androgens: Esters of Testosterone with Bile Acids.
Authors: HERZ J. E. , SANDOVAL J.
Published: May 2016

The testosterone esters (I) ‐ (IV) are prepared with a yield of 80 ‐ 90% either by reacting the thallium salt of testosterone (V) with the corresponding bile acid chloride or by reacting testosterone (V) with free bile acids in the presence of DCC and 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of 3‐Substituted L‐Histidines.
Authors: HODGES J. C.
Published: May 2016

Regiospecific alkylation of the L‐histidine derivative (I) with the sulfonates (II) generated in situ yields the substituted 3‐L‐histidines (III) which are converted to the corresponding dihydrochlorides (IV) by acidic hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Oxiranes. Application to the Synthesis of the Platelet Aggregation Factor.
Authors: CIMETIERE B. , JACOB L. , JULIA M.
Published: May 2016

The racemic epoxides (I) are optically resolved via the diastereomeric sulfonium tartrates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable Analogues of TXA2.
Authors: EVANS E. H. , HEWSON A. T. , MARCH L. A. , NOWELL I. W. , WADSWORTH A. H.
Published: May 2016

In order to synthesize analogues of thromboxane A2 (I) the compounds (III) and (V) are prepared as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (2R,3S)‐1,2,3‐Butanetriol Derivatives from (R)‐2,3‐O‐Isopropylideneglyceraldehyde and of the (2S,3R)‐Enantiomers from D‐Glucose. Application to the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Muscarine.
Authors: MULZER J. , ANGERMANN A. , MUENCH W. + , SCHLICHTHOERL G. + , HENTZSCHEL A.
Published: May 2016

The enantiomers of the butanetriol derivative (III) are prepared by the sequences detailed in the scheme, i.e. by (I) → (IIa) → (+)‐(III) and, starting from "diacetone glucose", by (XIV) → (XVI) → (XVII) → (‐)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photon Enhancement of Decomposition of AsH3 and TMG.
Authors: NISHIZAWA J. , KURABAYASHI T. , HOSHINA J.
Published: May 2016

In connection with the development of low temp. processing techniques required in the process of manufacturing semiconductor devices the IR spectra of gas species in TMG‐H2 (TMG: trimethyl gallium), TMG‐N2, AsH3‐H2, and TMG‐AsH3‐H2 systems have been measured in a sealed cell before and after irradiation with an excimer laser beam using different lasers, and the photoexcitation effects of each gas system are demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Norbornadienes in the Synthesis of Strained Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Participation of Metal Complex Catalysts
Authors: DZHEMILEV U. M. , KHUSNUTDINOV R. I. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: May 2016

Review: (173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Halo‐Deoxy Derivatives of Cellulose
Authors: KRYLOVA R. G.
Published: May 2016

Review: (70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dilead(II) Chalcogenide Anions Pb2Ch2‐ 3 (Ch: Se, Te): A 207Pb, 125Te, and 77Se Solution NMR Study. X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (2,2,2‐crypt‐K+)2Pb2Se2‐ 3.
Authors: BJOERGVINSSON M. + , SAWYER J. F. , SCHROBILGEN G. J.
Published: May 2016

The new series of dilead(II) chalcogenide anions has been obtained by extraction of the appropriate ternary or quaternary Zintl phases of the type KPbxSe(3‐n/3)Ten/3 (x ∼ 0.5, n = 0‐3) with ethylenediamine in the presence of 2,2,2‐crypt (4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo(8.8.8)hexacosane).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Study of In2Sn3S7 by Moessbauer Spectrometry and X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: ADENIS C. , OLIVIER‐FOURCADE J. , JUMAS J.‐C. , PHILIPPOT E.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the mixed valence title compound, In2Sn(II)2Sn(IV)S7, have been prepared from In2S3 and SnS by chemical vapour transport (630‐680 °C) with I2.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of a Novel Zinc Phosphate, Zn3(PO4)2·H2O.
Authors: RIOU A. , CUDENNEC Y. , GERAULT Y.
Published: May 2016

The title compound, obtained by hydrothermal reaction of P2O5 and ZnO at 150 °C, crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Steam Stability of H‐ZSM‐5‐Type Zeolites Containing Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: FUJISAWA K. , SANO T. , SUZUKI K. , OKADO H. , KAWAMURA K. , KOHTOKU Y. , SHIN S. , HAGIWARA H. , TAKAYA H.
Published: May 2016

has been investigated using 27Al MAS NMR, TPD of NH3, and MeOH conversion reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Stationary Electrochemical Response of Polycrystalline Cadmium in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions.
Authors: SAIDMAN S. B. , VILCHE J. R. , ARVIA A. J.
Published: May 2016

Different voltammetric methods have been used to investigate the anodization of Cd in NaOH solutions (0.01‐1 M, 25 °C), which is observed to produce a hydrous cadmium hydroxide‐cadmium oxide layer and soluble Cd species.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Fluorine‐Containing β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones.
Authors: PASHKEVICH K. I. , BOBROV M. B. , AIZIKOVICH A. YA. , RUDAYA M. N.
Published: May 2016

Upon chlorination with thionyl chloride, the unsymmetrically fluorinated β‐diketones (Ia) which have bulky alkyl substituents give only the Z‐configurated β‐chlorovinyl ketones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Crossed Claisen Ester Condensation Mediated by Titanium(IV) Bistriflate.
Authors: TANABE Y. , MUKAIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

Intramolecular ester condensation of methoxymethyl methyl adipate (I) in the presence of the triflate (II) and the amines (III) produces predominantly the methoxymethyl cyclopentanonecarboxylate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics Under Water Gas Shift Conditions. Selective Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines and N‐Formyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: MURAHASHI S. , IMADA Y. , HIRAI Y.
Published: May 2016

The quinolines (I) are treated with CO/H2O in the presence of the rhodium carbonyl cluster (II) to yield only the products (III), hydrogenated in the heterocyclic ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of “Dibasic” Carbon Acids.
Authors: ERMOLOV A. F. , ELEEV A. F. , BENDA A. F. , SOKOL'SKII G. A.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of dibasic carbon acids such as (II), (V) and (VIII) with the perfluoroacyl chlorides (I) in the presence of NEt3 according to method A) afford the stable enolates (III), (VI) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Chloride/Tetramethylethylenediamine Facilitated Additions of Organocopper Reagents (RCu) to Enones.
Authors: JOHNSON C. R. , MARREN T. J.
Published: May 2016

The stereoselectivity of the coupling reaction between the enones (I) and the organocopper reagents (II), derived from CuI and alkyl or phenyl lithium, is improved by addition of chlorotrimethylsilane (III) and tetramethylethylenediamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene with Ruthenium Clusters.
Authors: BASU A. , BHADURI S. , KHWAJA H.
Published: May 2016

The Ru3(CO)12‐catalyzed carbonylation of nitrobenzene (I) gives aniline (II), phenyl isocyanate (III), and in the presence of methanol, the urethane (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(Dimethylamino)‐1,3‐butadienes: Preparation and (4 + 2) Cycloaddition to trans‐β‐Nitrostyrene.
Authors: POTTHOFF B. , BREITMAIER E.
Published: May 2016

Title compounds of type (III) are obtained as colorless liquids which decompose at room temp. under polymerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrolytic N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols.
Authors: OHTANI B. , NAKAGAWA K. , NISHIMOTO S. , KAGIYA T.
Published: May 2016

Electrolytic N‐alkylation of the amines (I) with the primary alcohols (II) produces mainly the secondary amines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminolysis of Triphenylantimony Dicarboxylates and Its Application to Catalytic Amidation.
Authors: NOMURA R. , WADA T. , YAMADA Y. , MATSUDA H.
Published: May 2016

The triphenylantimony dicarboxylates (I) react with the amines (II), producing the amides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acylthiosulfanilic Esters.
Authors: LUBENETS V. I. , YARISH M. E. , VID L. V. , CHUIKO L. S. , SOLONIN V. N. , KUCHERENKO L. A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (II), (III) and (V) are prepared by a novel procedure, acylation of the thiosulfanilic esters (I) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Conversions of (o‐Cyclopropylphenyl)benzylsulfone by Protic Acids.
Authors: VESELOVSKAYA S. V. , SAGINOVA L. G. , SHABAROV YU. S.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III) is prepared as shown and its behavior towards protic acids is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of (m.m)Metacyclophadiones.
Authors: USUI S. , FUKAZAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

A photoinduced twofold substitution (SRN1) reaction of the ω‐bromophenylalkanones (I) yields the symmetrical cyclophanes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 1,8‐Substituted Naphthalenes. Part 19. Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐Aminonaphtho(1,8‐bc)furylium Salts.
Authors: PIKUS A. L. , MEZHERITSKII V. V.
Published: May 2016

Successive treatment of the N‐substituted amides (I) with POCl3 and HClO4 affords the title compounds (II) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions with Ring Opening of Carbinolamine Equivalents of the Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Series. Part 2.
Authors: MOEHRLE H. + , SCHILLINGS P.
Published: May 2016

The iminium salt (I) is treated with sodium hydroxide to produce the dimer (III) via the intermediate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbazoles from Photolysis of 3H‐Indolespirocyclopropanes.
Authors: GALVEZ C. , FERNANDEZ I. , SEGURA R. , VAZQUEZ J.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of (I) yields the carbazoles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Properties of 3‐Arylcyclohepta(d)isoxazolylium Ions.
Authors: NITTA M. , KANOMATA N.
Published: May 2016

The cycloaddition reaction of the nitrile oxides (I) with cycloheptatrienone iron tricarbonyl (II) yields the fused isoxazoles (IV) after decomplexation and dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of (+)‐Thienamycin from (R)‐(‐)‐3‐Hydroxybutyric Acid Esters.
Authors: HATANAKA M. , NITTA H.
Published: May 2016

The 3‐hydroxybutyrates (I) are coupled with the carboxaldimine (II), producing the urethanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of γ‐Acyl‐δ‐lactones by the Trityl Perchlorate Catalyzed Tandem Michael Aldol Reaction.
Authors: KOBAYASHI S. , MIKAIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The enones (I) react with the ketene acetals (II) and the aldehydes (III) in the presence of trityl perchlorate, yielding the 4‐acyl‐5‐siloxy esters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aryl‐4‐dimethylaminopyridinium Salts and Their Arylating Properties.
Authors: VIZGERT R. V. , SHEIKO S. G. , KULISHOVA T. P. , PEKHTEREVA T. M. , NARDEKOVA V. V.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are prepared for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2,3‐Dihydrothiazolo(3,2‐c)quinazolinium Salts from 4(3H)‐Quinazolinethiones or 4H‐1,3‐Benzothiazine‐4‐thiones.
Authors: MOLINA P. , ARQUES A. , VINADER M. V.
Published: May 2016

Ring closure reaction of the S‐ and N‐alkylated quinazoline derivatives (III) and (VII), prepared from the title compounds (I) and (V), respectively, yields the title salts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Low Coordinated Phosphorus Compounds. Part 54. Phosphaalkenes via Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: APPEL R. , WINKHAUS V. , KNOCH F.
Published: May 2016

The chlorophosphanes (I) are transformed to the diphosphanes (II) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro‐o‐carboranylenecyclophosphazenes.
Authors: KORSHAK V. V. , BEKASOVA N. I. , PRIGOZHINA M. P.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) ‐ (V) are prepared from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (I) and the bishydroxymethyl‐o‐carborane (II) depending on the molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Alkoxytin Compounds in Organic Synthesis: An Efficient Synthesis of α‐Ethoxyalkenyl‐ and α‐Ethoxyalkynyl‐Tin Compounds.
Authors: DUCHENE A. , QUINTARD J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

Diethoxymethyltributyltin (II) is substituted by the organo‐aluminum compounds (III) to give the α‐ethoxyalkenyl‐ and α‐ethoxyalkynyltin derivatives (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Mo(η‐C5H4iPr)(PR3)2H3) (R3: Me3 or Me2Ph), (Mo(η‐C5H4iPr)(iPr2PCH2CH2PiPr2)H3), and Analogues and Their Ability to Catalyze the Photoinduced Hydrogen‐Deuterium Exchange of Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds; Crystal Structure of ((Mo(η‐C5H4iPr)(μ‐Cl)2)2).
Authors: GREBENIK P. D. , GREEN M. L. H. , IZQUIERDO A. , MTETWA V. S. B. , PROUT K.
Published: May 2016

Hydrochlorination of the σ,η5‐(2‐cyclopentadienylpropyl)‐Mo complex (I) gives the chloride‐bridged η5‐isopropylcyclopentadienyl‐Mo dimer (II) whose crystal structure is determined (space group P21/c, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 51. Alkylidyne(carbaborane)tungsten‐gold and ‐rhodium Complexes; Crystal Structures of (AuW(μ‐CR)(CO)2(PPh3)(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)), (RhW(μ‐CR)(CO)2(PPh3)2(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)), and (RhW(μ‐CR)(CO)2(PPh3)2(η5‐C2B9(C7H9)H8Me2)) (R: C6H4Me‐4).
Authors: GREEN M. , HOWARD J. A. K. , JAMES A. P. , NUNN C. M. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (III)‐(VII) are prepared as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 52. Synthesis and Reactions of the Compounds (RuW(μ‐CR)(CO)3(η‐C5H5)(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)) (R: C6H4Me‐4 or Me); Crystal Structures of (RuW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(CO)3(η‐C5H5)(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)) and (N(PPh3)2) (RuW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(.mu±sigma.,η5‐C2B9H8Me2)(CO)3(η‐C5H5)).
Authors: GREEN M. , HOWARD J. A. K. , DE M. JELFS A. N. , JOHNSON O. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the W compounds (I) with the Ru complex (II) affords the dimetal complexes (III) in which one H atom of the η5‐carbaborane ligand forms a bridge to the Ru centre.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentadienyl‐Metal‐Phosphine Chemistry. Part 10. Comparison of the Reactions of (η5‐Pentadienyl)Mn((Me2PCH2)3CMe) and (η5‐2,4‐Dimethylpentadienyl)Re(PMe2Ph)3 with H+. Isolation of a Protonated Manganese Complex Containing an Agostic C‐H‐M Interaction.
Authors: BLEEKE J. R. , KOTYK J. J. , MOORE D. A. , RAUSCHER D. J.
Published: May 2016

Both the title complexes (I) and (III) react with acids to generate protonated complexes such as (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxoaryls of Rhenium(V) and ‐(VI) and Osmium(VI). X‐Ray Crystal Structures of Dimesityldioxorhenium(VI), Tetramesityloxorhenium(VI), and Dimesityldioxoosmium(VI).
Authors: STRAVROPOULOS P. , EDWARDS P. G. , BEHLING T. , WILKINSON G. , MOTEVALLI M. , HURSTHOUSE M. B.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) (or Re2O7) with mesitylmagnesium bromide leads to the diamagnetic Re(V) complex (II), containing tetrahedral R2ReO2‐ units coordinated to solvated Mg centers, probably via one of their oxygens.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Magnetism of the Binuclear Iron(II) Complexes ((Fe(C9H21N3)X2)2) (X: NCS, NCO, or N3) and Their Reaction with NO. Crystal Structures of ((Fe(C9H21N3)(NCS)2)2) and (Fe(C9H21N3)(NO)(N3)2).
Authors: POHL K. , WIEGHARDT K. , NUBER B. , WEISS J.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (I) are generated under strictly anaerobic conditions from methanolic solutions containing the tridentate macrocycle, Fe perchlorate and excess NaX.
ChemInform Abstract: Nineteen‐Electron Adducts in the Photochemistry of Cp2Fe2(CO)4 (Cp: η5‐C5H5).
Authors: GOLDMAN A. S. , TYLER D. R.
Published: May 2016

The title dimer, thought to be unreactive toward photochemical disproportionation, was shown to undergo this type of reaction which is known from other metal‐metal bonded carbonyl dimers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt(III), Cobalt(II), Zinc(II), and Calcium(II) Complexes Containing the Trimethylamine‐Boranecarboxylato Ligand (CH3)3N·BH2COO‐.
Authors: NORWOOD V. M. III , MORSE K. W.
Published: May 2016

The coordination chemistry of Co(III), Co(II), Zn(II), and Ca(II) with the title ligand is studied by using IR, 1H and 11B NMR, and visible spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Metals: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of (BMDT‐TTF)2Au(CN)2.
Authors: NIGREY P. J. , MOROSIN B. , KWAK J. F. , VENTURINI E. L. , BAUGHMAN R. J.
Published: May 2016

Bis(methylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (VI) is prepared as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclitol Reactions. Part 15. Synthesis of Pseudodisaccharides with Ether Linkage.
Authors: PAULSEN H. , VON DEYN W.
Published: May 2016

Some pseudodisaccharides containing an ether linkage between a cyclitol and a saccharide component, e.g. (Vb), (VII), (XI), or (XII), are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nitro Sugars. Part 43. Formation of Carbohydrate Nitrocyclopropanes from Nitroalditols.
Authors: RADATUS B. , WILLIAMS U. , BAER H. H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the 1‐nitroheptitol (I) with tetrabutylammonium azide yields the 3‐azido compound (II), together with the epimeric nitrocyclopropanes (III) and (IV) and the branched‐chain azidonitro compound (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Depyrophosphorylation of Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate (ATP).
Authors: TAFESSE F. , MILBURN R. M.
Published: May 2016

The slow hydrolysis of free title compound in both weakly (pH 8.5) and strongly (pH 13.5) basic aqueous solution (NaOH, 4 °C) is found to favor depyrophosphorylation over dephosphorylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an mRNA Fragment of Alanyl‐tRNA Synthetase Gene in Escherichia coli Using the 6‐Methyl‐3‐pyridyl Group for Protection of the Imide Functions of Uridine and Guanosine.
Authors: WELCH C. J. , ZHOU X.‐X. , CHATTOPADHYAYA J.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title pentanucleotide fragment (XII) is described in order to demonstrate the synthetic usefulness of the 6‐methyl‐3‐pyridinyl group for the protection of the O‐4 and O‐6 imide function of uridine and guanosine, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase Reaction of an Artificial Substrate with Ni2+.
Authors: MAKI Y. , WATANABE G. , SAITO A. , KOYAMA T. , OGURA K.
Published: May 2016

The enzymatic coupling of 4‐methyl‐4‐pentenyl alcohol (Ia) or its pyrophosphate (Ib) with geranyl pyrophosphate (II) in the presence of Mg(II) produces only the 3‐Z‐trienes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Self‐Assembly Mechanism of Lanthanide‐Containing Sandwich‐Type Silicotungstates [{Ln(H2O)n}2{Mn4 (B‐α‐SiW9O34)2 (H2O)2}]6‐ Using Time‐Resolved Mass Spectrometry and X‐Ray Crystallography.
Authors: Fan Lin‐Yuan , Lin Zheng‐Guo , Cao Jie , Hu Chang‐Wen
Published: May 2016

The structure of a series of lanthanide‐containing sandwich‐type polyoxometalates is determined by single crystal XRD and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: [Cu(NHC)]‐Catalyzed C—H Allylation and Alkenylation of Both Electron‐Deficient and Electron‐Rich (Hetero)arenes with Allyl Halides.
Authors: Xie Weilong , Chang Sukbok
Published: May 2016

A new protocol for the C—H allylation of polyfluoroarenes is disclosed by using a [Cu(NHC)] catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Transfer Catalysis via a Proton Sponge: A Bifunctional Role for Biscyclopropenimine.
Authors: Belding Lee , Stoyanov Peter , Dudding Travis
Published: May 2016

Bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenimine‐substituted bis‐protonated proton sponge (BDC) is a useful phase‐transfer catalyst for the alkylation of compound (I) with a range of alkyl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Containing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via the Formation of Aza‐ortho‐xylylene with 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline as a Precursor.
Authors: Li Guangxun , Liu Hongxin , Wang Yingwei , Zhang Shiqi , Lai Shujun , Tang Ling , Zhao Jinzhong , Tang Zhuo
Published: May 2016

4‐Phenyl‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline does not react, probably due to steric hindrance.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐vinylthiazolium)/DBU‐Catalyzed Thioesterification of Aldehydes with Thiols.
Authors: Chung Junyong , Seo Ue Ryung , Chun Supill , Chung Young Keun
Published: May 2016

The title catalytic system exhibits high catalytic activity for the thioesterification of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiranes by Thiol‐Mediated Acyl Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Hsu Day‐Shin , Chen Chih‐Hao , Hsu Chi‐Wei
Published: May 2016

Various spirocyclic 1,4‐diketones are efficiently synthesized from enone‐aldehydes in the presence of tert‐dodecanethiol and AIBN.
ChemInform Abstract: para‐Selective Cu‐Catalyzed C—H Aryloxylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Sokolovs Igors , Suna Edgars
Published: May 2016

Reaction of electron rich arenes (I) and (IV), and electron rich heterocycles (VI) with hypervalent iodine reagent generates λ3‐iodane intermediates, which readily undergo Cu‐catalyzed reaction with a variety of phenols to form diaryl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxetane‐ and Azetidine‐Containing Spirocycles Related to the 2,5‐Diketopiperazine Framework.
Authors: Beadle Jonathan D. , Powell Nicola H. , Raubo Piotr , Clarkson Guy J. , Shipman Michael
Published: May 2016

Spirocyclic analogues of the diketopiperazine nucleus are prepared by a two‐step sequence consisting of conjugate addition of chiral α‐amino esters to nitroalkenes followed by nitro group reduction with spontaneous cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: TfOH‐SiO2 as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of 3‐Arylbenzofurans.
Authors: Zheng Hua , Wang Baolong , Hu Jiaxing , Zhang Fanglin
Published: May 2016

Title compounds are conveniently synthesized via TfOH‐SiO2 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel—Crafts reaction of the corresponding 2‐aryloxy‐1‐arylethanones.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(III)‐Catalyzed C3‐Acylation of Indoles with Nitroolefins.
Authors: Feng Cheng‐Tao , Zhu Hui‐Zhi , Li Zhong , Luo Zaigang , Wu Song‐Song , Ma Shi‐Tang
Published: May 2016

A sequential Friedel—Crafts reaction, Nef reaction and subsequent double oxidation is proposed as the reaction mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical α,α‐Diarylacetates.
Authors: Jadhav Santosh D. , Singh Anand
Published: May 2016

Sc(III)‐promoted reaction of arylglycine derivatives (I) and (IV) with a range of electron rich arenes (II) results in the formation of unsymmetrical α,α‐diarylacetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of 3,4‐Dihydrocoumarin Scaffolds with a Quaternary Amino Acid Moiety via Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed Cascade Michael Addition/Lactonization Reaction.
Authors: Wang Yuehua , Pan Jianping , Jiang Rongrong , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong
Published: May 2016

The asymmetric tandem Michael addition‐lactamization reaction between ortho‐nitro vinylphenols and azalactones affords dihydrocoumarin derivatives with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Using Ketene N,S‐Acetal with Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Murakami Yuka , Mizuyama Naoko , Tominaga Yoshinori
Published: May 2016

The title pyrimidines exhibit blue‐green fluorescence in solid state.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Pyridines, Pyrazines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines.
Authors: Yang Ze‐Peng , Wu Qing‐Feng , Shao Wen , You Shu‐Li
Published: May 2016

A facile asymmetric intramolecular dearomatization of N‐heterocycles is achieved in the presence of [IrCl(cod)]2 as catalyst and chiral phosphoramidite ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Alkanes to Linear Alkylsilanes Using an Iridium—Iron‐Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrogenation—Isomerization—Hydrosilylation.
Authors: Jia Xiangqing , Huang Zheng
Published: May 2016

The one‐pot, two‐step alkane silylation shows exclusive regioselectivity for the formation of terminally functionalized alkylsilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional Germanium‐Based Materials as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Jinwen , Cao Minhua
Published: May 2016

Review: [82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphines in Organoplatinum Complexes Structural Aspects of PtPC3 and PtP2CX (X = H, F or OL) Derivatives
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter
Published: May 2016

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 25 Years of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Activation of Both Main‐Group Element‐Element Bonds and NHCs Themselves
Authors: Wuertemberger‐Pietsch Sabrina , Radius Udo , Marder Todd B.
Published: May 2016

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indanes and Indenes
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Veltri Lucia
Published: May 2016

Review: [some of the most important and innovative approaches to indanes and indenes published in the course of the last ten years; 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Concepts for Increasing the Efficiency in Directed Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes
Authors: Sun Zhoutong , Wikmark Ylva , Baeckvall Jan‐E. , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: May 2016

Review: [27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycomimetic‐Based Pharmacological Chaperones for Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Lessons from Gaucher, GM1‐Gangliosidosis and Fabry Diseases
Authors: Sanchez‐Fernandez Elena M. , Garcia Fernandez Jose M. , Mellet Carmen Ortiz
Published: May 2016

Review: [153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer/Graphene Hybrids for Advanced Energy‐Conversion and ‐Storage Materials
Authors: Cui Linfan , Gao Jian , Xu Tong , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti
Published: May 2016

Review: [106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interfacial Engineering for Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Chao , Fichou Denis , Wang Qing
Published: May 2016

Review: [109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Processing of Natural Fibres: White Biotechnology for Sustainable Development
Authors: Shahid Mohammad , Mohammad Faqeer , Chen Guoqiang , Tang Ren‐Cheng , Xing Tieling
Published: May 2016

Review: 289 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmental NMR: Solution‐State Methods
Authors: Hertkorn Norbert
Published: May 2016

Review: 56 refs.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: How can we move from racial/ethnic disparities to a model of health equity?
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Yopp Adam C.
Published: May 2016

A study by Ha and colleagues in this issue adds to the evidence base demonstrating racial and ethnic health disparities in health care. However, the evidence base for developing interventions to eliminate these disparities is limited, largely because of a lack of granularity in the available administrative data sets.

See also pages 2512‐23.
Loss of control eating and eating disorders in adolescents before bariatric surgery
Authors: Utzinger Linsey M. , Gowey Marissa A. , Zeller Meg , Jenkins Todd M. , Engel Scott G. , Rofey Dana L. , Inge Thomas H. , Mitchell James E. ,   On behalf of the Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen‐LABS) Consortium
Published: May 2016

Objective

This study assessed loss of control (LOC) eating and eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery for severe obesity.

Method

Preoperative baseline data from the Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen‐LABS) multisite observational study (n = 242; median BMI = 51 kg/m2; mean age= 17; 76% female adolescents; 72% Caucasian) included anthropometric and self‐report questionnaires, including the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns–Revised (QEWP‐R), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Kids (IWQOL‐Kids)

Results

LOC eating (27%) was common and ED diagnoses included binge‐eating disorder (7%), night eating syndrome (5%), and bulimia nervosa (1%). Compared to those without LOC eating, those with LOC eating reported greater depressive symptomatology and greater impairment in weight‐related quality of life.

Discussion

Before undergoing bariatric surgery, adolescents with severe obesity present with problematic disordered eating behaviors and meet diagnostic criteria for EDs. LOC eating, in particular, was associated with several negative psychosocial factors. Findings highlight targets for assessment and intervention in adolescents before bariatric surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:947–952)
Light matters: testing the “Light Environment Hypothesis” under intra‐ and interspecific contexts
Authors: Hernández‐Palma Angélica
Published: May 2016

The “Light Environment Hypothesis” (LEH) proposes that evolution of interspecific variation in plumage color is driven by variation in light environments across habitats. If ambient light has the potential to drive interspecific variation, a similar influence should be expected for intraspecific recognition, as color signals are an adaptive response to the change in ambient light levels in different habitats. Using spectrometry, avian‐appropriate models of vision, and phylogenetic comparative methods, I quantified dichromatism and tested the LEH in both intra‐ and interspecific contexts in 33 Amazonian species from the infraorder Furnariides living in environments with different light levels. Although these birds are sexually monochromatic to humans, 81.8% of the species had at least one dichromatic patch in their plumage, mostly from dorsal areas, which provides evidence for a role for dichromatism in sex recognition. Furthermore, birds from habitats with high levels of ambient light had higher dichromatism levels, as well as brighter, more saturated, and more diverse plumages, suggesting that visual communication is less constrained in these habitats. Overall, my results provide support for the LEH and suggest that ambient light plays a major role in the evolution of color signals in this group of birds in both intra‐ and interspecific contexts. Additionally, plumage variation across light environments for these drab birds highlights the importance of considering ambient light and avian‐appropriate models of vision when studying the evolution of color signals in birds.
Pack your international recruiter's toolkit before boarding the plane
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: May 2016

There are many ways to recruit international students. Many schools outsource their international recruiting to a trusted group of in‐country agents. Other schools send recruiters to crisscross the world participating in college fairs and exhibitions. Some visit international high schools. Some recruit using social media. There is no one right way, and few schools have either the staff or the funding to use all of the recruitment outreach methods.
The role of GPR techniques in determining ice cave properties: Peña Castil ice cave, Picos de Europa
Authors: Gómez Lende Manuel , Serrano Enrique , Bordehore Luis Jordá , Sandoval Senén
Published: May 2016

The structure and ice content of ice caves are poorly understood. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can provide useful insights but has only rarely been applied to ice caves. This paper interprets GPR images (radargrams) in terms of internal structure, stratification, compaction, thickness and volume of the ice block in the Peña Castil ice cave (Central Massif of Picos de Europa, northern Spain), providing the endokarst geometry of the ice cave in GPR data reflections. Eight radargrams were obtained by applying a shielded ground‐coupled antenna with a nominal frequency of 400 MHz. Although the radargrams do not depict the ice–basal bedrock interface, they suggest that the ice block is at least 54 m deep and similarly thick. Some curved reflection signatures suggest a potential vertical displacement in the block of ice, and thus certain dynamics in the ice body. Other images show numerous interbedded clasts and thin sediment layers imaged as banded reflections. In this particular cave a direct visual inspection of the ice stratigraphy is a difficult task but GPR provides clear reflectivity patterns of some of its internal features, making GPR a suitable instrument for this and future studies to achieve a better and broader understanding of the internal behavior of ice caves.
Clinicopathogenomic analysis of mismatch repair proficient colorectal adenocarcinoma uncovers novel prognostic subgroups with differing patterns of genetic evolution
Authors: Braxton David R. , Zhang Ray , Morrissette Jennifer D. , Loaiza‐Bonilla Arturo , Furth Emma E.
Published: May 2016

Cancer somatic genetic evolution is a direct contributor to heterogeneity at the clonal and molecular level in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). We sought to determine the extent to which genetic evolution may be detected in COAD in routinely obtained single clinical specimens and establish clinical significance with regard to clinicopathologic and outcome data. One hundred and twenty three cases of routinely collected mismatch repair proficient COAD were sequenced on the Illumina Truseq Amplicon assay. Measures of intratumoral heterogeneity and the preferential timing of mutational events were assessed and compared to clinicopathologic data. Survival subanalysis was performed on 55 patients. Patient age (p = 0.013) and specimen percent tumor (p = 0.033) was associated with clonal diversity, and biopsy (p = 0.044) and metastasis (p = 0.044) returned fewer mutations per case. APC and TP53 mutations preferentially occurred early while alterations in FBXW7, FLT3, SMAD4, GNAS and PTEN preferentially occurred as late events. Temporal heterogeneity was evident in KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. Hierarchical clustering revealed a TP53 mutant subtype and a MAPK‐PIK3CA subtype with differing patterns of late mutational events. Survival subanalysis showed a decreased median progression free survival for the MAPK‐PIK3CA subtype (8 months vs. 13 months; univariate logrank p = 0.0380, cox model p= 0.018). Neoadjuvant therapy associated mutations were found for ERBB2 (p = 0.0481) and FBXW7 (p = 0.015). Our data indicate novel molecular subtypes of mismatch repair proficient COAD display differing patterns of genetic evolution which correlate with clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we report treatment acquired and/or selected mutations in ERBB2 and FBXW7.
Association of NOS2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Yu‐Mei , Yang Lin‐Qing , Zhong Cai‐Gao , Zhuang Zhi‐Xiong
Published: May 2016

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene play important roles in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aims to detect the potential association of NOS2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility toT2DM and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Chinese Han population. Four hundred and ninety T2DM patients and 485 healthy controls were enrolled in this case‐control study. The genotypes of NOS2 and NOS3 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ligase detection reaction (LDR) method. Our data demonstrated that the NOS2 rs2779248 and NOS2 rs1137933 genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with the increased susceptibility to T2DM in the heterozygote comparison, dominant model, and allele contrast; and NOS3 rs3918188 genetic polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased susceptibility to T2DM in the homozygote comparison and recessive model. The allele‐C and genotype‐TC of NOS2 rs2779248, allele‐A and genotype‐GA of NOS2 rs1137933 and genotype‐AA of NOS3 rs3918188 genetic polymorphisms might be the risk factors for increasing the susceptibility to T2DM. And a significant haplotype effect of NOS2 rs10459953/C‐ rs1137933/G‐ rs2779248/T was found between T2DM cases and controls. Moreover, NOS3 rs1800783 polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased susceptibility to DN in the heterozygote comparison, recessive model and allele contrast. At last, a positive correlation of family history of diabetes with NOS3 rs11771443 polymorphism was found in DN. These preliminary findings indicate that the NOS2 rs2779248, NOS2 rs1137933, and NOS3 rs3918188 genetic polymorphisms are potentially related to the susceptibility to T2DM, and the rs1800783 polymorphism might be considered as genetic risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, and family history of diabetes was closely associated with rs11771443 polymorphism in DN, and the genetic variants might be used as molecular markers for evaluating the risk of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):516–525, 2016
Shift reagents in ion mobility spectrometry: the effect of the number of interaction sites, size and interaction energies on the mobilities of valinol and ethanolamine
Authors: Fernández‐Maestre Roberto , Meza‐Morelos Dairo , Wu Ching
Published: May 2016

Overlapping peaks interfere in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), but they are separated introducing mobility shift reagents (SR) in the buffer gas forming adducts with different collision cross‐sections (size). IMS separations using SR depend on the ion mobility shifts which are governed by adduct's size and interaction energies (stabilities). Mobility shifts of valinol and ethanolamine ions were measured by electrospray‐ionization ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (MS). Methyl‐chloro propionate (M) was used as SR; 2‐butanol (B) and nitrobenzene (N) were used for comparison. Density functional theory was used for calculations. B produced the smallest mobility shifts because of its small size. M and N have two strong interaction sites (oxygen atoms) and similar molecular mass, and they should produce similar shifts. For both ethanolamine and valinol ions, stabilities were larger for N adducts than those of M. With ethanolamine, M produced a 68% shift, large compared to that using N, 61%, because M has a third weak interaction site on the chlorine atom and, therefore, M has more interaction possibilities than N. This third site overrode the oxygen atoms' interaction energy that favored the adduction of ethanolamine with N over that with M. On the contrary, with valinol mobility shifts were larger with N than with M (21 vs 18%) because interaction energy favored even more adduction of valinol with N than with M; that is, the interaction energy difference between adducts of valinol with M and N was larger than that between those adducts with ethanolamine, and the third M interaction could not override this larger difference. Mobility shifts were explained based on the number of SR's interaction sites, size of ions and SR, and SR–ion interaction energies. This is the first time that the number of interaction sites is used to explain mobility shifts in SR‐assisted IMS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary survey of local bacteriophages with lytic activity against multi‐drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Latz Simone , Wahida Adam , Arif Assuda , Häfner Helga , Hoß Mareike , Ritter Klaus , Horz Hans‐Peter
Published: May 2016

Bacteriophages (phages) represent a potential alternative for combating multi‐drug resistant bacteria. Because of their narrow host range and the ever emergence of novel pathogen variants the continued search for phages is a prerequisite for optimal treatment of bacterial infections. Here we performed an ad hoc survey in the surroundings of a University hospital for the presence of phages with therapeutic potential. To this end, 16 aquatic samples of different origins and locations were tested simultaneously for the presence of phages with lytic activity against five current, but distinct strains each from the ESKAPE‐group (i.e., Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae). Phages could be isolated for 70% of strains, covering all bacterial species except S. aureus. Apart from samples from two lakes, freshwater samples were largely devoid of phages. By contrast, one liter of hospital effluent collected at a single time point already contained phages active against two‐thirds of tested strains. In conclusion, phages with lytic activity against nosocomial pathogens are unevenly distributed across environments with the prime source being the immediate hospital vicinity.
Hydrological and Erosion Processes in Terraced Fields: Observations from a Humid Mediterranean Region in Northern Portugal
Authors: Nunes João Pedro , Bernard‐Jannin Léonard , Rodríguez Blanco María Luz , Santos Juliana Marisa , Coelho Celeste de Oliveira Alves , Keizer Jan Jacob
Published: May 2016

Terraces are a common Mediterranean feature influencing soils, slopes and subsurface hydrology; however, little is known about their impact on hydrological processes, especially in humid regions. This work studied hydrological and erosion processes in the “águas de lima” terrace system common in northwestern Iberia, characterized by wet season irrigation to keep soils saturated and avoid frost on winter pastures. Soil moisture, vegetation height, runoff and sediment yield were monitored for a terraced field in northern Portugal during 19 months. Relationships between rainfall, soil, vegetation, runoff and erosion were analyzed for 49 rainfall events, and within‐storm patterns of soil moisture and runoff were further evaluated for the 12 largest events. Monitoring included two wet seasons with 1264 and 951‐mm rainfall. Runoff followed rainfall with 20 · 5 and 3 · 8 mm, and was mostly related with event and pre‐event rainfall. Combined with hydrograph analysis, this indicated a dominance of saturation‐excess runoff generation, probably related with the presence of a shallow water table caused by limited drainage and constant irrigation during winter. Rill erosion was only observed as a result of run‐on from the irrigation network. Sediment yield was low, 0 · 01 and 0 · 02 Mg ha−1 in the first and second year, and related with runoff, but vegetation cover was found to limit sediment concentration. This work indicates that “águas de lima” terraces promote saturation, runoff generation and a small amount of sediment yield which does not appear relevant for soil conservation. Further work is needed to better understand and conceptualize these processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Organic Productivity of a Hawaiian Coral Reef1
Authors: KOHN ALAN J. , HELFRICH PHILIP
Published: May 2016

Primary organic productivity was determined by measuring changes in oxygen concentration of sea water flowing over a fringing coral reef at Kapaa, Kauai, Hawaii. Prevalence of a rather strong, unidirectional current facilitated use of this method.

Determinations were made both in summer (July) and winter (November). The reef is autotrophic, as were two previously studied atoll reefs in the Marshall Islands. Gross primary productivity is about 2,900 g C/m2/yr. This is in impressive agreement with results obtained on the atoll reefs, which are the only previous measurements of coral reef productivity.

All three results are considerably higher than determinations of productivity of open ocean waters. The authors attribute this difference to photosynthesis by benthic algae on the coral reef platform.
The Monsoon and the Market for Money in Late-colonial India
Authors: ROY TIRTHANKAR
Published: May 2016

Banking experienced large growth in colonial India along with a process of commercialization of agriculture. Yet, the rate of aggregate saving or investment remained low. This article is an attempt to resolve this paradox. It suggests that traditional forms of banking were helped by the formalization of indigenous negotiable instruments, but that transactions between bankers, merchants, and peasants were characterized by a limited use of legal instruments. The limited circulation of bills in this sphere is attributed, among other factors, to high seasonality in the demand for money. Seasonality-induced distortions in the organization of the money market made indigenous banking an unsuitable agent to promote saving and finance industrialization.
UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES AMONG INTERNAL MIGRANTS IN MUMBAI, INDIA
Authors: Gawde Nilesh C. , Sivakami Muthusamy , Babu Bontha V.
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to understand access to maternal health care and the factors shaping it amongst poor migrants in Mumbai, India. A cross-sectional mixed methods approach was used. It included multistage cluster sampling and face-to-face interviews, through structured interview schedules, of 234 migrant women who had delivered in the two years previous to the date they were interviewed. Qualitative in-depth interviews of migrant women, health care providers and health officials were also conducted to understand community and provider perspectives. The results showed that access to antenatal care was poor among migrants with less than a third of them receiving basic antenatal care and a quarter delivering at home. Multivariate analysis highlighted that amongst migrant women those who stayed in Mumbai during pregnancy and delivery had better access to maternal health care than those who went back to their home towns. Poor maternal health care was also due to weaker demand for health care as a result of the lack of felt-need among migrants due to socio-cultural factors and lack of social support for, and knowledge of, health facilities in the city. Supply-side factors such as inadequate health infrastructure at primary and secondary levels, lack of specific strategies to improve access to health care for migrants and cumbersome administrative procedures that exclude migrants from certain government programmes all need to be addressed. Migrants should be integral to the urban development process and policies should aim at preventing their exclusion from basic amenities and their entitlements as citizens.
Nanocrystallinity and direct cross-linkage as key-factors for the assembly of gold nanoparticle-superlattices
Authors: Boterashvili M. , Shirman T. , Popovitz-Biro R. , Wen Q. , Lahav M. , van der Boom M. E.
Published: May 2016

We report here how the crystallinity of AuNPs and the choice of binding sites of molecular cross-linkers control their aggregation.
pH-Sensitive perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) probes for live cell imaging
Authors: Ma Yongshan , Li Jiaofu , Hou Shuguo , Zhang Jinfeng , Shi Zhiqiang , Jiang Tianyi , Wei Xiaofeng
Published: May 2016

A novel perylene pH probe for imaging of living cells in neutral to weak basic pH changes.
Preparation of micron sized graphite using a spark plasma technique
Authors: Li Jiaxing , Liu Xia , Cheng Cheng , Hayat Tasawar , Alharbi Njud S. , Alsaedi Ahmed , Wang Xiangke
Published: May 2016

A simple spark plasma technique is applied to prepare micron sized graphite from natural graphite in water.
Synthesis and thermo-responsive self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic copolymer β-CD–(PCL–P(MEO2MA-co-PEGMA))21 for the controlled intracellular delivery of doxorubicin
Authors: Lu Beibei , Li Lei , Wei Lulu , Guo Xuhong , Hou Jun , Liu Zhiyong
Published: May 2016

Well-defined amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin star-shaped copolymers with poly(ε-caprolactone)–poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) (β-CD–(PCL–P(MEO2MA-co-PEGMA))21 were synthesized via (ROP) and (ATRP).
Long-term thermally stable organic solar cells based on cross-linkable donor–acceptor conjugated polymers
Authors: Chen Xue-Qiang , Yao Xiang , Xiang Xuan , Liang Long , Shao Wei , Zhao Fu-Gang , Lu Zhengquan , Wang Wenwu , Li Jingjing , Li Wei-Shi
Published: May 2016

The right amount of vinyl units is the key to obtaining crosslinkable PBDTTPD resulting in a PCE of 6.06% and maintaining 91% performance after 150 °C treatment for 40 h.