bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapy in special respite care: a new multicomponent model for challenging behavior in people with dementia
Authors: Manni Barbara , Federzoni Lucia , Lanzoni Alessandro , Garzetta Glenda , Graff Maud , Fabbo Andrea
Published: October 2018

People with dementia experience a cognitive and functional decline and besides Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD). BPSD represent the main cause of the dramatic deterioration in the quality of life and stress for patients and their families. BPSD can benefit from psychosocial and environment approach; in particular the tailor made treatment has proved the best results in literature. The intervention of Occupational Therapist (OT) at home (CotiD-Method) and in Nursing Home on elderly people with moderate dementia can improve BPSD. OT is the trigger figure that can understand the intricate relationship between person, environment and occupation that is required for successful task performance. Our prospective cohort study analyzed a sample of 14 People (aged 82±5.88) With moderate-severe (MMSE mean 9.29/30 sd=6.88) Dementia (PWD) and severe BPSD (NPI=31.79±7.62) in a Temporary Special Respite Care (SRC) in Modena. We test how a multi-professional approach and a Personal Care Planning including occupational therapy could be effective in challenging behaviors. The method includes formal and informal caregivers reflecting CotiD method. Our results show that occupational therapy can significantly improve BPSD and quality con life in PWD. The multiprofessional approach permitted to reduce number of psychotropic drugs and also falls. The general positive mood reflects on professionals working in SRC in the sense of improvement,even if not significantly, of psychological load and personal fulfillment. In the same way even formal caregivers who assist PWD at home, learned skills in managing the exacerbation of BPSD.
Sarcopenia and malnutrition: impact on the outcome in hospitalized patients
Authors: Remelli Francesca , Volpato Stefano
Published: October 2018

Sarcopenia is a condition caused by a progressive loss of lean body mass and muscle strength, related to aging; this leads to a progressive decrease of physical performance. Sarcopenia is inherently connected with a major risk of disability, hospitalization and mortality. Prevalence of sarcopenia increases with increasing age, in particular among hospitalized geriatric patients, with male dominance. Malnutrition is also very frequent condition in elderly patients during hospital stay and it is involved in the development of sarcopenia. The most common therapeutic approach for both malnutrition and sarcopenia is an increased nutritional support with a protein-rich diet. This narrative review summarises the biological mechanism linking sarcopenia and malnutrition in older hospitalized patients and examines evidence supporting the use of oral nutritional support for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition an sarcopenia in acutely ill medical patients.
Aktuele prediking
Authors: Loots F.G.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die sin van die nieu-testamentiese eskatologie
Authors: Van Rensburg S.P.J.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die commission of the churches on international affairs
Authors: Viljoen C.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbesprekings
Authors: Booysen D.J. , Müller J.J.P. , Dreyer P.S.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die pastoraal-psigologiese benadering van die jeug
Authors: De Klerk W.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Expanding the Occupational Therapy Role to Support Transitions From Work to Retirement for People With Progressive Health Conditions
Authors: Brown Cara L.
Published: October 2018

Occupational therapists have an established and important role in helping people work while living with an illness or a disability. Although workplace accommodations and rehabilitation efforts can extend paid work for workers with progressive health conditions, the reality is that these populations often cease work earlier in the life trajectory than expected. Evidence suggests that transitioning out of paid work is difficult for people with disabilities. For example, factors such as poor health, low income, and involuntary retirement put people with multiple sclerosis at risk for poor adjustment. Given society’s emphasis on paid work, the transition to unpaid work has received little attention. Occupational therapy practitioners are well positioned to contribute to enhancing the quality of life of people in work-cessation transitions who are not of traditional retirement age.
GIS for emergency response: Lessons from the Cerro Grande wildfire
Authors: Mynard C. Randall , Keating, PhD Gordon N. , Rich, PhD Paul M.
Published: October 2018

The May 2000 Cerro Grande wildfire swept through Los Alamos, New Mexico, forcing evacuation of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the communities of Los Alamos and White Rock. Use of geographic information system (GIS) technology for emergency response and post-fire mitigation provided valuable lessons about institutional operations, working relationships, and emergency preparedness. These lessons include the importance of: 1) GIS as an integrating framework for hazard assessment; 2) having a strong GIS capability in place; 3) coordinated emergency plans among GIS facilities; 4) reliable methods for locating and informing evacuated employees; 5) GIS data that are complete, backed up, and available during an emergency; 6) adaptation of GIS to emergency circumstances; 7) coordination within the GIS community; 8) integration of GIS into institutional operations; and 9) centralized data and metadata.
Characteristics of earthquake-related injuries treated in emergency departments following the 2001 Nisqually earthquake in Washington
Authors: Kano, MPH Megumi
Published: October 2018

The Nisqually earthquake (M 6.8) struck western Washington State at 10:55 aM local time on Wed nesday, February 28, 2001. This study provides a detailed description of injuries attributable to this earthquake, which were treated in local emergency departments (EDs). ED logs and medical records from four facilities in the earthquake-affected region were reviewed. Ninety-six earthquake-related injuries were treated during the week following the earthquake, comprising 8.6 percent of all injuries treated during that period. EDs closer to the epicenter treated more earthquakerelated injuries. The patients were slightly older and more likely to be female than those with nonearthquake- related injuries. Falls were the most common cause of earthquake-related injuries. Superficial injuries, sprains/strains, and fractures of minor severity accounted for the majority of these cases. The flow of earthquake-related patients peaked within an hour after the earthquake.
Equipping the safety professional with emergency management knowledge and skills: The emergency management certificate program
Authors: Larson, PhD, CPT, CSP, CEM, CPEA Dean R. , O’Toole, PhD, MPH Michael
Published: October 2018

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Gaining sponsorship: An effective strategy for reducing organizational resistance to emergency management response and planning
Authors: Simon, BS, MA Neil
Published: October 2018

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Revisiting the definition of “hazard” and the importance of reducing vulnerability
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: October 2018

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Preparing people with special needs for emergencies: The Alabama Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) model
Authors: Metz, PhD William C. , Tanzman, JD Edward A. , Nieves, MS Leslie A. , Holt Vanda
Published: October 2018

A six-county region in northeastern Alabama put together one of the United States’ most progressive efforts to assist the special-needs population in preparing for and protecting themselves against emergencies. The region is host to a US Army depot that stores and incinerates an aging chemical weapons stockpile, the release of chemical weapons agent from which could pose a threat to the surrounding area. Almost a decade ago, the counties collectively agreed to provide their most vulnerable residents—those with physical, medical, or mental disabilities or those lacking transportation who have no family, neighbors, or friends nearby—with emergency preparedness assistance equal to or greater than that provided to the general population. Due to their immediate proximity to the depot, two counties faced the greatest challenge in providing “maximum protection” to their residents. These counties made substantial adjustments to the protective-equipment distribution process and to the public training process for those residents with special needs. Self-sufficiency is sustained through repeated, empathetic contact between emergency management personnel and the special-needs population with additional specialized resources deployed on a proactive basis throughout the region.
An assessment of retention incentives for volunteer firefighters in Virginia
Authors: De Lisi, MPSL, CFO Steven M. , Green, PhD Gary S. , Carlson, DPA Peter M. , Greenlee, BA, MA, JD Harry
Published: October 2018

Volunteer firefighters provide fire protection for the majority of communities in the United States and often receive little compensation in return. In addition to the inherent hazards of firefighting, volunteers are challenged by increasing call volumes, training requirements, and demands from family and careers. As a result, fire department leaders often attempt to retain members through incentives.The opinions of 108 volunteer firefighters in Virginia about which incentives will enhance recruitment and retention efforts were investigated according to personal factors such as sex, age, and rank. The analysis looked at 12 incentives and five personal characteristics and revealed only six of the 60 possible two-variable relationships as being statistically significant. In particular, younger volunteers were more likely to name training competitions, tuition reimbursement, and the opportunity to fundraise as being important factors in their volunteerism. The most significant finding of the research, however, is that a decentralized management style—manifested in the delegation of authority and participation in decision making—is important to the vast majority of volunteers, regardless of their personal attributes. Although such emphasis on decentralization will likely require a cultural shift in many volunteer fire departments, it is cost-effective and, most importantly, will en - courage the recruitment of volunteers and enhance their retention.
The quinary pattern of blast injury
Authors: Kluger, MD, FACS Yoram , Nimrod, MD Adi , Biderman, MD Philippe , Mayo, MD Ami , Sorkin, MD Patric
Published: October 2018

Objective: Bombing is the primary weapon of global terrorism, and it results in a complicated, multidimensional injury pattern. It induces bodily injuries through the well-documented primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary mechanisms of blast. Their effects dictate special medical concern and timely implementation of diagnostic and management strategies. Our objective is to report on new clinical observations of patients admitted to the Tel Aviv Medical Center following a recent terrorist bombing.Results: The explosion injured 27 patients and three died. Four survivors, who had been in close proximity to the explosion as indicated by their eardrum perforation and additional blast injuries, were exposed to the blast wave. They exhibited a unique and immediate hyperinflammatory state, two upon admission to the intensive care unit and two during surgery. This hyperinflammatory state was manifested by hyperpyrexia, sweating, low central venous pressure, and positive fluid balance. This state did not correlate with the complexity of injuries sustained by any of the 67 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after previous bombings.Conclusion: The patients’ hyperinflammatory behavior, unrelated to their injury complex and severity of trauma, indicates a new injury pattern in explosions, termed the quinary blast injury pattern. Unconventional materials used in the manufacture of the explosive can partly explain the observed early hyperinflammatory state. Medical personnel caring for blast victims should be aware of this new type of bombing injury.
New products
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

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Learning in emergency management
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A. , Benavides, PhD Abraham David
Published: October 2018

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Pandemic preparedness and response: The role of medical interventions
Authors: Peterka, DO, MPH Ann
Published: October 2018

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Ready, aye ready? Support mechanisms for healthcare workers in emergency planning: A critical gap analysis of three hospital emergency plans
Authors: Amaratunga, PhD Carol A. , O’Sullivan, PhD Tracey L. , Phillips, PhD Karen P. , Lemyre, PhD Louise , O’Connor, PhD Eileen , Dow, MSc Darcie , Corneil, ScD Wayne
Published: October 2018

Background: In response to the 2003 global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the threat of pandemic influenza, Canadian hospitals have been actively developing and revising their emergency plans. Healthcare workers are a particularly vulnerable group at risk of occupational exposure during infectious disease outbreaks, as seen during SARS and as documented/reported in the recent National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (Statistics Canada, 2006). Approximately one third of Canadian nurses identified job strain and poor health, related to their work environment. Three years after SARS, this article presents a critical analysis of the gaps of three hospital pandemic influenza plans in the context of established organizational supports for healthcare workers.Methods: Hospital pandemic influenza plans were obtained from institutional representatives in three Ontario cities. Qualitative gap analysis of these plans was conducted using a checklist of 11 support categories, developed from a review of existing literature and findings from a previous study of focus groups with emergency and critical nurses.Results: Support mechanisms were identified in the plans; however, gaps were evident in preparation for personal protective equipment, education, and informational support, and support during quarantine. Hospital emergency planning could be more robust by including additional organizational supports such as emotional/psychological support services, delineating management responsibilities, human resources, vaccine/ anti-viral planning, recognition/compensation, media strategies, and professional development.Conclusions: Since the 2003 SARS outbreak, hospitals have invested in pandemic planning, as evidenced by the comprehensive plans examined here. Organizational support mechanisms for healthcare workers were included in these hospital plans; however, the gaps identified here may have serious implications for employee health and safety, and overall response during a large scale infectious disease outbreak. The authors provide a number of recommendations for consideration in infectious disease pandemic plan development to better support the healthcare workers in their roles as first responders.
July/August 2007
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: October 2018

Volume 5, Number 4
National Weather Service Storm-based (polygon) Warnings
Authors: Naglic, MS Steven J.
Published: October 2018

On October 1, 2007 NOAA’s National Weather Service began a major service change. Short-term warnings for tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, flash floods, areal floods, and marine hazards have migrated from being issued for entire counties, parishes, or zones to those that are more geographically specific. The stormbased polygon system will make possible the warning of small portions of individual counties or adjoining counties, and as a result only warn that portion of the population that will be impacted by the storm.
Plans require participation: Disaster recovery plans are ineffective without people
Authors: Delgado, BA, FFMA Cristina M.
Published: October 2018

Decision-making authorities throughout both the public and private sector invest substantial amounts of time and money into developing a recovery plan. Yet, some organizations fail to address who will execute the plan and how. Employee needs are not always being addressed and, as a result, many groups find themselves lacking support after a disaster. Operational restoration is jeopardized and this often affects the financial and psychological make up of a business. There are methods that help in identifying employee sensitivities. Once there is a solid understanding about recruiting the right recovery team, certain strategies promote adequate training and manpower. Essentially, people are behind every stage of emergency management. To produce desirable outcomes, material resources must combine with human resources.
Time required to notify 9-1-1 with automated collision notification systems
Authors: Blatt, BS, MEng Alan J. , Von Kuenssberg Jehle, MD, FACEP Dietrich , Billittier IV, MD, FACEP Anthony J. , Wagner, MD David G. , Schleifer-Schneggenburger, BS, MEng Jill
Published: October 2018

Background: Automated Collision Notification (ACN) systems reduce emergency response time to a vehicular crash by immediately alerting a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) of the collision and its details.Methods: An operational field test was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the ACN system: a total of 874 vehicles were equipped with ACN systems and, for a period of 29 months, all collisions involving these vehicles were included in a study of the automatic notification time. Fifteen collisions of ACN-equipped vehicles registered with a PSAP. Both the time for the ACN notification to be received and the time for a traditional method of notification to be received were recorded for each crash.Results: The ACN notified a PSAP of a collision in an average time of 74.2 seconds and between 79.9 and 456.1 seconds sooner than a traditional notification method (paired mean difference 95 percent confidence interval).Conclusion: The ACN system significantly improves emergency notification time to a motor vehicle crash.
A model for the development of volunteer resources: The East Hampton ocean rescue unit
Authors: Tracey Mike
Published: October 2018

This article is an illustration of a success story involving the development of the first all-volunteer lifeguard ocean rescue unit in the North east United States.Developing and managing volunteers is one of the most pressing topics being taught throughout the emergency management field. Successful programs often elude Local Communities; this article spotlights a model for success.
Bridging emergency management: A professional assessment of the Minneapolis bridge collapse and other infrastructure failures
Authors: Martin, MA, CEM, CFM, MASCE Daniel W.
Published: October 2018

To many in the emergency management profession, the Minneapolis bridge collapse was an epic event that has raised the situational awareness of our crumbling infrastructure. Although this event provided insight to the emergency management community, the vast majority in the civil engineering profession has long recognized the failing integrity of our aging and overburdened infrastructure and the cataclysmic result of its failure. The Minneapolis bridge collapse is a result of the failure, as a profession and a society, to proactively raise awareness of all hazards and to address emerging threats. These hazards include those risks that are created by our technological advances and lack of essential maintenance of these vital national assets.
The Laboratory Response Network: Its role in times of disaster
Authors: Montoya, PhD, CHS, CLS, CMC Isaac D. , Kimball, PhD, EdD Olive M.
Published: October 2018

The Laboratory Response Network (LRN) was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Today, the LRN is charged with the task of maintaining an integrated network of state and local public health, federal, military, and international laboratories that can respond to bioterrorism, chemical terrorism, and other public health emergencies. The more than 150 laboratories that make up the current LRN are affiliated with federal agencies, military installations, international partners, and state and local public health departments. Laboratories in the network may accept samples from hospitals, clinics, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, other law enforcement groups, emergency medical services, and the military and other agencies. All of the LRN laboratories use the same protocols and validated methods to ensure rapid and certain identification of dangerous biologic agents that cause anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, brucellosis, and other illnesses.
Improving shadow evacuation management: Case study of the Graniteville, South Carolina, chlorine spill
Authors: Mitchell, PhD Jerry T. , Cutter, PhD Susan L. , Edmonds, MS Andrew S.
Published: October 2018

Facilitating evacuations is a primary aim of disaster management. While under-response to evacuation orders is a typical problem, over-response, or a shadow evacuation, also poses serious problems and should be minimized when possible. This case study of a chlorine spill was designed to evaluate the differences in evacuation behavior between those faced with an evacuation order versus spontaneous, voluntary evacuees. We found that a significant shadow evacuation developed, and we believe that the addition of geographic specificity to the warning message may have limited the scope of the over-response.
Strategic planning for emergency managers
Authors: Sturgis, EdD Rhonda
Published: October 2018

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Evacuate or shelter in place: A view from the water’s edge
Authors: Jarrett, MD, MBA, MS Mark P. , Schwartz, MHA Ziv , Solazzo, MBA Mark , Tangney, MBA Eugene
Published: October 2018

Hospitals are faced with the difficult decision as whether to evacuate their patients or shelter in place when a strong hurricane is predicted to affect the facility. This decision must balance for patients the risk of transport with the risk of staying. This article discusses the experience of a hospital faced with this problem in two consecutive years. The approach taken differed and the evaluation of the implications are discussed.
Assessment of community hospital disaster preparedness in New York State
Authors: Vick, MD, MBA, DHA Dan J. , Wilson, PhD, DHA Asa B. , Fisher, DBA Michael , Roseamelia, PhD Carrie
Published: October 2018

Objective: The intent of this study was to assess disaster preparedness in community hospitals across New York.Design: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional survey study. The survey instrument consisted of 35 questions that examined six elements of disaster preparedness: disaster plan development, onsite surge capacity, available materials and resources, disaster education and training, disaster preparedness funding levels, and perception of disaster preparedness. Setting: Community hospitals in New York.Subjects: Contact information was obtained for 207 of 208 community hospitals. Email invitations to participate in the survey were sent to hospital CEOs and disaster preparedness coordinators. Completed surveys were received from 80 hospitals.Main Outcome Measures: Hospital responses to questions related to the six elements of disaster preparedness.Results: Most (87.5 percent) hospitals had experienced a disaster event during the past 5 years (2012-2016). Eighty percent had disaster plans that addressed all of six major types of disasters. Only 17.5 percent believed their disaster plans were “very sufficient” and did not require any revisions. Nearly three-quarters (73.3 percent) of hospitals could continue operations for less than a week without external resources. Less than half (49.4 percent) reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the level of funding that they received from the Hospital Preparedness Program. Most (88.8 percent) respondents felt that barriers to disaster preparedness exist for their organizations. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the current level of disaster preparedness among New York hospitals. The study’s approach is discussed as a model that will enable hospitals to identify focus areas for improvement and opportunities for legislation and advocacy.
Psychosocial interventions for chronic pain and comorbid prescription opioid use disorders: A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Hruschak, MSW Valerie , Cochran, PhD Gerald , Wasan, MD, MSc Ajay D.
Published: October 2018

Objective: Opioid misuse in the context of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is a multifaceted and complex issue. As opioid misuse and corresponding rates of addiction and overdose deaths exceed epidemic proportions, there is an urgent need for research in this area. The objective of this review is to evaluate the literature addressing psychosocial interventions targeting CNCP and prescription opioid misuse.Design: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, ClinicalTrials. gov was conducted to identify studies evaluating psychosocial interventions targeting CNCP and prescription opioid misuse. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Results: 56 peer-reviewed research articles from 1993 to July, 2016, which included studies of psychosocial interventions for CNCP and opioid use disorders. Studies that examined psychosocial interventions for CNCP, treatment modalities included: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction, and chronic pain self-management programs. The psychosocial interventions for opioid misuse included: CBT and relapse prevention, motivational enhancement therapy and stages of change, contingency management, and self-help and peer support-based groups.Conclusions: The findings of this review offer clinical insight and reinforce the importance of psychosocial interventions in CNCP and opioid use disorders. However, little empirical data are available to guide practitioners in treating patients with CNCP who misuse opioid medications, and thus future research on integrated approaches, is needed.
Who is responsible for ensuring a high-quality audit that achieves accurate financial reporting?
Authors: Choudhary Preeti
Published: October 2018

none
Global trends in audit quality, supervision, and standard setting
Authors: Diggelen Janine
Published: October 2018

The following topics are currently high on the agenda of IFIAR: global trends in audit quality (and measuring audit quality) and global trends in supervision and standard setting. In her key note speech, Janine van Diggelen provided her personal insights and perspectives on these issues. 
Moving the Audit Profession Forward
Authors: Wallage Philip
Published: October 2018

n/a
Interaction between Dicarboxylic Acid and
Sulfuric Acid-Base Clusters Enhances New Particle Formation
Authors: Lin Yun , Ji Yuemeng , Li Yixin , Secrest Jeremiah , Xu Wen , Xu Fei , Wang Yuan , An Taicheng , Zhang Renyi
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Dicarboxylic acids are believed to stabilize pre-nucleation clusters and facilitate new particle formation in the atmosphere, but the detailed mechanism leading to the formation of multi-component critical nucleus involving organic acids, sulfuric acid (SA), base species, and water remains unclear. In this study, theoretical caculations are performed to elucidate the interactions between succinic acid (SUA) and clusters consisting of SA-ammonia (AM)/dimethylamine (DMA) in the presence of hydration of up to six water molecules. Formation of the hydrated SUA·SA·base clusters by adding one SUA molecule to the SA·base hydrates is energetically favorable. The addition of SUA to the SA·base hydrates either triggers proton transfer from SA to the base molecule, resulting in formation of new covalent bonds, or strengthens the pre-existing covalent bonds. The presence of SUA promotes hydration of the SA·AM and SA·AM·DMA clusters but dehydration of the SA·DMA clusters. At equilibrium, the uptake of SUA competes with the uptake of the second SA molecule to stabilize the SA·base clusters at atmospherically relevant concentrations. The clusters containing both the base and organic acid are capable of further binding with acid molecules to promote their subsequent growth. Our results indicate that the multi-component nucleation involving organic acids, sulfuric acid, and base species promotes new particle formation in the atmosphere, particularly under polluted conditions.
Contrasting biosphere responses to hydrometeorological extremes: revisiting the 2010 western Russian heatwave
Authors: Flach Milan , Sippel Sebastian , Gans Fabian , Bastos Ana , Brenning Alexander , Reichstein Markus , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Combined droughts and heatwaves are among those compound extreme events that induce severe impacts on the terrestrial biosphere and human health. A record breaking hot and dry compound event hit western Russia in summer 2010 (Russian heatwave, RHW). Events of this kind are relevant from a hydrometeorological perspective, but are also interesting from a biospheric point of view because of their impacts on ecosystems, e.g., reductions in the terrestrial carbon storage. Integrating both perspectives might facilitate our knowledge about the RHW. We revisit the RHW from both a biospheric and a hydrometeorological perspective. We apply a recently developed multivariate anomaly detection approach to a set of hydrometeorological variables, and then to multiple biospheric variables relevant to describe the RHW. One main finding is that the extreme event identified in the hydrometeorological variables leads to multidirectional responses in biospheric variables, e.g., positive and negative anomalies in gross primary production (GPP). In particular, the region of reduced summer ecosystem production does not match the area identified as extreme in the hydrometeorological variables. The reason is that forest-dominated ecosystems in the higher latitudes respond with unusually high productivity to the RHW. Furthermore, the RHW was preceded by an anomalously warm spring, which leads annually integrated to a partial compensation of 54 % (36 % in the preceding spring, 18 % in summer) of the reduced GPP in southern agriculturally dominated ecosystems. Our results show that an ecosystem-specific and multivariate perspective on extreme events can reveal multiple facets of extreme events by simultaneously integrating several data streams irrespective of impact direction and the variables' domain. Our study exemplifies the need for robust multivariate analytic approaches to detect extreme events in both hydrometeorological conditions and associated biosphere responses to fully characterize the effects of extremes, including possible compensatory effects in space and time.
Multi-trace element sea surface temperature coral reconstruction for the southern Mozambique Channel reveals teleconnections with the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Zinke Jens , D'Olivo Juan-Pablo , Gey Johannes C. , McCulloch Malcolm T. , Bruggemann J. Henrich , Lough Janice M. , Guillaume Mireille M. M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Here we report seasonally resolved sea surface temperatures for the southern Mozambique Channel in the SW Indian Ocean based on multi-trace element temperatures proxy records preserved in two Porites sp. coral cores. Particularly, we assess the suitability of both separate and combined Sr / Ca and Li / Mg proxies for improved multi-element SST reconstructions. Overall geochemical records from Europa Island Porites sp. highlight the potential of Sr / Ca and Li / Mg ratios as high-resolution climate archives but also show significant differences in their response at this Indian Ocean tropical reef site. Our reconstruction from 1970 to 2013 using the Sr / Ca-SST proxy reveals a warming trend of 0.58 ± 0.1 °C in in close agreement with instrumental data (0.47 ± 0.07 °C) over the last 42 years (1970 to 2013). In contrast the Li / Mg showed unrealistically large warming trends, most probably caused by uncertainties around different uptake mechanisms of trace elements Li and Mg and uncertainties in their temperature calibration. However, spatial correlations between the combined detrended Sr / Ca, and Li / Mg proxies compared to instrumental SST at Europa revealed robust correlations with local climate variability in the Mozambique Channel and teleconnections to regions in the Indian Ocean and southeastern Pacific where surface wind variability appeared to dominate the underlying pattern of SST variability. The strongest correlation was found between our Europa SST reconstruction and instrumental SST records from the northern tropical Atlantic SST. Only a weak correlation was found with ENSO, with recent warm anomalies in the geochemical proxies coinciding with strong El Niño or La Niña. We identified the Pacific/North American (PNA) atmospheric pattern, which develops in the Pacific in response to ENSO, and the tropical North Atlantic SST as the most likely causes of the observed teleconnections with the Mozambique Channel SST at Europa.
A Holocene black carbon ice-core record of biomass burning in the
Amazon Basin from Illimani, Bolivia
Authors: Osmont Dimitri , Sigl Michael , Eichler Anja , Jenk Theo M. , Schwikowski Margit
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Amazon Basin is one of the major contributors to global biomass burning emissions. However, regional paleofire trends remain partially unknown. Due to their proximity to the Amazon Basin, Andean ice cores are suitable to reconstruct paleofire trends in South America and improve our understanding of the complex linkages between fires, climate and humans. Here we present the first refractory black carbon (rBC) ice-core record from the Andes as a proxy for biomass burning emissions in the Amazon Basin, derived from an ice core drilled at 6300 m a.s.l. from Illimani glacier in the Bolivian Andes and spanning the entire Holocene back to the last deglaciation 13 000 years ago. The Illimani rBC record displays a strong seasonality with low values during the wet season and high values during the dry season due to the combination of enhanced biomass burning emissions in the Amazon Basin and less precipitation at the Illimani site. Significant positive (negative) correlations were found with reanalyzed temperature (precipitation) data, respectively, for regions in Eastern Bolivia and Western Brazil characterized by a substantial fire activity. rBC long-term trends indirectly reflect regional climatic variations through changing biomass burning emissions as they show higher (lower) concentrations during warm/dry (cold/wet) periods, respectively, in line with climate variations such as the Younger Dryas, the 8.2 ka event, the Holocene Climatic Optimum, the Medieval Warm Period or the Little Ice Age. The highest rBC concentrations of the entire record occurred during the Holocene Climatic Optimum between 7000 and 3000 BC, suggesting that this outstanding warm and dry period caused an exceptional biomass burning activity, unprecedented in the context of the past 13 000 years. Recent rBC levels, rising since 1730 AD in the context of increasing temperatures and deforestation, are similar to those of the Medieval Warm Period. No decrease was observed in the 20th century, in contradiction with the global picture (broken fire hockey stick hypothesis).
Einführung: Die ungeheuerliche Raumphilosophie von Peter Sloterdijk
Authors: Boos Tobias , Runkel Simon
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This article serves as introduction for a themed issue on Peter Sloterdijk's enormous philosophy of space. It invites scholars from various disciplines to critically engage with Sloterdijk's thought and discusses briefly the contributions made in this special issue. The paper gives some orientation on the anthropological and social philosophy Sloterdijk deploys within his oeuvre, and illuminates the various fields of social and cultural research his ideas have informed so far. The editorial identifies four possible fields of interest within human geography that could gain by engaging with Sloterdijk's thought, namely urban and architectural theory, new technologies, political geographies and critical social geography. The article also discusses the necessity of a critical distance to the philosophical premises on which Sloterdijk grounds his philosophy as well as his role as notorious commentator on political issues in Germany.
Using a multi-hypothesis framework to improve the understanding of flow dynamics during flash floods
Authors: Douinot Audrey , Roux Hélène , Garambois Pierre-André , Dartus Denis
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A method of multiple working hypotheses was applied to a range of catchments in the Mediterranean area to analyse different types of possible flow dynamics in soils during flash flood events. The distributed, process-oriented model, MARINE, was used to test several representations of subsurface flows, including flows at depth in fractured bedrock and flows through preferential pathways in macropores. Results showed the contrasting performances of the submitted models, revealing different hydrological behaviours among the catchment set. The benchmark study offered a characterisation of the catchments' reactivity through the description of the hydrograph formation. The quantification of the different flow processes (surface and intra-soil flows) was consistent with the scarce in situ observations, but it remains uncertain as a result of an equifinality issue. The spatial description of the simulated flows over the catchments, made available by the model, enabled the identification of counterbalancing effects between internal flow processes, including the compensation for the water transit time in the hillslopes and in the drainage network. New insights are finally proposed in the form of setting up strategic monitoring and calibration constraints.
Joint analysis of coastal altimetry and high-frequency (HF) radar data: observability of seasonal and mesoscale ocean dynamics in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Manso-Narvarte Ivan , Caballero Ainhoa , Rubio Anna , Dufau Claire , Birol Florence
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Land-based coastal high-frequency (HF) radar systems provide operational measurements of
coastal surface currents (within 1–3 m depth) with high spatial
(300 m–10 km) and temporal (≤1 h) sampling resolutions, while the
near-continuous altimetry missions provide information, from 1993 until today,
on geostrophic currents in the global ocean with typical along-track and
temporal sampling resolutions of >7 km and >9 days, respectively. During
the last years, the altimetry community has made a step forward in improving
these data in the coastal area, where the data present lower quality than in
the open ocean. The combination of HF radar and altimetry measurements arises
as a promising strategy to improve the continuous monitoring of the coastal
area (e.g. by expanding the measurements made by HF radars to adjacent areas
covered by the altimetry or by validating/confirming improvements brought by
specific coastal algorithms or new altimeter missions). A first step towards
this combination is the comparison of both data sets in overlapping areas. In this study, a HF radar system and two Jason-2 satellite altimetry
products with different processing are compared over the period from
1 January 2009 to 24 July 2015. The results provide an evaluation of the
performance of different coastal altimetry data sets within the study area
and a better understanding of the ocean variability contained in the
HF radar and altimetry data sets. Both observing systems detect the main
mesoscale processes within the study area (the Iberian Poleward Current and
mesoscale eddies), and the highest correlations between radar and altimetry
(up to 0.64) occur in the slope where the Iberian Poleward Current
represents a significant part of the variability in the circulation.
Besides, the use of an Ekman model, to add the wind-induced current
component to the altimetry-derived geostrophic currents, increases the
agreement between both data sets (increasing the correlation by around 10 %).
19th century glacier retreat in the Alps preceded the emergence of industrial black carbon deposition on high-alpine glaciers
Authors: Sigl Michael , Abram Nerilie J. , Gabrieli Jacopo , Jenk Theo M. , Osmont Dimitri , Schwikowski Margit
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Light absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere and cryosphere play
an important role in the climate system. Their presence in ambient air and
snow changes the radiative properties of these systems, thus contributing to
increased atmospheric warming and snowmelt. High spatio-temporal variability
of aerosol concentrations and a shortage of long-term observations contribute
to large uncertainties in properly assigning the climate effects of aerosols
through time. Starting around AD 1860, many glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat
from their maximum mid-19th century terminus positions, thereby visualizing
the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. Radiative forcing by increasing
deposition of industrial black carbon to snow has been suggested as the main
driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps. The basis for this
hypothesis was model simulations using elemental carbon concentrations at low
temporal resolution from two ice cores in the Alps. Here we present sub-annually resolved concentration records of refractory
black carbon (rBC; using soot photometry) as well as distinctive tracers for
mineral dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution from the Colle
Gnifetti ice core in the Alps from AD 1741 to 2015. These records allow
precise assessment of a potential relation between the timing of observed
acceleration of glacier melt in the mid-19th century with an increase of rBC
deposition on the glacier caused by the industrialization of Western Europe.
Our study reveals that in AD 1875, the time when rBC ice-core concentrations
started to significantly increase, the majority of Alpine glaciers had
already experienced more than 80 % of their total 19th century length
reduction, casting doubt on a leading role for soot in terminating of the
Little Ice Age. Attribution of glacial retreat requires expansion of the
spatial network and sampling density of high alpine ice cores to balance
potential biasing effects arising from transport, deposition, and snow
conservation in individual ice-core records.
Le magistrature locali delle comunità municipali di ambito provinciale: uno studio sulla diffusione del quattuorvirato e del duovirato tra l’età tardo-repubblicana e l’età imperiale
Authors: Sisani Simone
Published: October 2018

Nel contributo vengono censite e analizzate le testimonianze relative agli assetti magistratuali locali delle comunità municipali (di diritto romano o latino) di ambito provinciale, con particolare riguardo alla Gallia Cisalpina, alla Gallia Narbonense e alle province iberiche nel periodo compreso tra l’età tardorepubblicana e l’età augustea. L’analisi consente di formulare nuove ipotesi sulla natura originiaria e sulla data di introduzione del duovirato quale magistratura tipica dei municipia di costituzione più tarda.
Tiberio y el núcleo romano de Caldes de Montbui (Barcelona). Evidencias de una relación de patrocinio imperial en el "conventus Tarraconensis"
Authors: Oller Guzmán Joan
Published: October 2018

Este artículo ofrece una interpretación sobre un epígrafe documentado en el núcleo de Caldes de Montbui (IRC I, 40) que podría demostrar la existencia de una relación de patrocinium entre este asentamiento y el emperador Tiberio en época romana. Para dar apoyo a esta hipótesis el artículo analiza las características del enclave termal romano de Caldes, su promoción en época de Augusto y su posible transformación en municipio flavio, convirtiéndose en uno de los puntos centrales en la integración del territorio de la Layetania interior dentro de la estructura provincial romana.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety in cancer outpatients: predictive variables
Authors: Polidoro Lima Manuela , Santos de Oliveira Daiane , Quarti Irigaray Tatiana
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the present study are to investigate the association among symptoms of depression and anxiety, sociodemographic variables and personality factors and also verify the predictive power of these variables in cancer outpatients. Method: The sample was composed by 220 individuals, 138 (62.7%) women and 82 (37.3%) men. The instruments used were: Questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data; NEO-FFI Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-FFI-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The t test and the Spearman correlation were used to verify the relation between sociodemographic and clinic variables and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis was made to verify the predictive power of sociodemographic and clinic variables and personality factors. Results: The personality factor neuroticism was predictor of anxiety symptoms. The variable previous psychiatric history and the personality factors neuroticism and extraversion were predictors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with some sociodemographic variables and personality factors, and these variables can be deemed risk factors for the development of these symptoms. It is important that health professionals who follow-up this population design strategies to collect this information, in order to help patients manage treatment the best way possible.
Reducing Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Palsy in Obese Patients in the Beach Chair Position: Effect of a Standardized Positioning and Padding Protocol
Authors: Levy Benjamin J. , Tauberg Brandon M. , Holtzman Ari J. , Gruson Konrad I.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

To report on the effectiveness of a standardized patient positioning and padding protocol in reducing lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) palsy in obese patients who have undergone shoulder surgery in the beach chair position.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 400 consecutive patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 who underwent either open or arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position by a single surgeon. Before June 2013, all patients were placed in standard beach chair positioning with no extra padding. After June 2013, patients had foam padding placed over their thighs underneath a wide safety strap and underneath the abdominal pannus. Flexion at the waist was minimized, and reverse Trendelenburg was used to position the shoulder appropriately. Patient demographic and surgical data, including age, sex, weight, BMI, presence of diabetes, procedure duration, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and anesthesia type (general, regional, regional/general) were recorded. Symptoms of LFCN palsy were specifically elicited postoperatively in a prospective fashion and identified clinically by focal pain, numbness, and/or tingling over the anterolateral thigh.

Results:

The median age was 58.0 years, and the study consisted of 142 male (36%) and 258 female (64%) subjects. Five cases (3.6%) of LFCN palsy occurred with conventional beach chair positioning, and a single case (0.4%) occurred with the standardized positioning and padding technique (P = 0.02). Median age, sex, presence of diabetes, median BMI, surgery type, and surgical time were not significantly different between the patients who did and did not develop LFCN palsy. All cases resolved completely within 6 months.

Discussion:

The occurrence of LFCN palsy following shoulder surgery in the beach chair position remains uncommon, even among obese patients. Use of a standardized positioning and padding protocol for obese patients in the beach chair position reduced the prevalence of LFCN palsy.

Level of Evidence:

Level III (prognostic)