bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment-seeking behaviour among people with opioid use disorder in the high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hall Natasha , Le Long , Majmudar Ishani , Teesson Maree , Mihalopoulos Cathy
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To determine treatment seeking behaviour in those with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the high-income countries.

Methods

Five databases were searched in November 2019 for quantitative studies that reported OUD treatment seeking behaviour. Data analysis involved determining an overall pooled proportion estimate of treatment seeking behaviour for the two base groups, lifetime treatment and past 12-month or less treatment using the IVhet effect model. Subgroup analysis included heroin OUD, prescription OUD and general OUD. The sensitivity analysis included removal of outliers, separating adults and adolescents and the metaXL sensitivity analysis (studies are excluded if outside the pooled proportion confidence interval of the base case). Systematic review Prospero database registration number [CRD42020159531].

Results

There were 13 quantitative studies included in the systematic review, with all studies being from the United States of America (USA). IVhet models showed that 40% (95% CI: 23%, 58%) and 21% (95% CI: 16%, 26%) sought treatment in their lifetime and past 12 months respectively. Sub-group analysis found that lifetime treatment seeking for prescription OUD, 29% (95% CI: 27%, 31%), was less than for heroin plus combined OUD, 54% (95% CI: 26%, 82%). Most of the pooled results had high heterogeneity statistics except for results of lifetime treatment seeking for prescription OUD and past 12-month treatment seeking for prescription OUD.

Conclusion

All included studies in this meta-analysis were from the USA and indicate modest levels of treatment seeking for those with OUD. In particular, this review found that in the USA one in five people with OUD sought OUD treatment in the previous 12 months and two in five people with OUD sought OUD treatment in their lifetime. Further research is urgently required to explore the barriers and facilitators that can improve this low treatment seeking in those with OUD.
Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, affective responding, and subjective well-being: A Swedish survey
Authors: Gröndal Maria , Ask Karl , Luke Timothy J. , Winblad Stefan
Published: October 2021

A rapid stream of research confirms that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global threat to mental health and psychological well-being. It is therefore important to identify both hazardous and protective individual factors during the pandemic. The current research explored the relationships between self-reported affective responding, perceived personal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and subjective well-being. An online survey (N = 471) conducted in Sweden between June and September, 2020, showed that higher levels of irritability, impulsivity, and the tendency to experience and express anger were generally associated with more severe personal consequences of the pandemic, particularly in areas related to family life, work/study, and finances. While more severe impacts of the pandemic in these areas of life were directly associated with lower subjective well-being, emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal appeared to moderate the extent to which consequences of the pandemic in other areas of life (i.e., social, free-time and physical activities) translated into decreased well-being. This suggests that cognitive reappraisal may serve to protect against some of the debilitating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Overall, the results indicate that the perceived consequences of the pandemic are multifaceted and that future research should examine these consequences using a multidimensional approach.
Comparison of clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization in single-tooth implants of the esthetic area: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Jianyong , Mao Chunmei , Xu Jie , He Yanting , Zhang Kaiqi , Cui Jun
Published: October 2021

Background

Immediately placed implants with immediate provisionalization have become attractive options for patients and clinicians. However, there is no agreement on the esthetic advantages of immediately placed implants with immediate provisionalization. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to assess the effect of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants in a single-tooth implant of the esthetic area.

Methods

An electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.org., Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wan Fang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), and VIP Science Technology Periodical Database will be performed. The search will be carried out in the databases for articles published until May 2021. Two researchers will independently perform the literature selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the impact of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of implants immediately placed in a single-tooth implant of the aesthetic area will be included. The primary outcome of this study will be the esthetic outcome assessed by the objective index and patient satisfaction. The survival rate of implants and restorations and the changes in mucosa and bone around implants will also be analyzed. The included studies will be analyzed by Review Manager 5.3, and a meta-analysis will be performed.

Results

The study will evaluate the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization in single-tooth implants of the esthetic area. The results will provide clinicians with a better treatment approach in their application.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide more reliable, evidence-based data for the impact of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants, which may or may not be beneficial.

Registration number

PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021221669.
Essential role of M1 macrophages in blocking cytokine storm and pathology associated with murine HSV-1 infection
Authors: Jaggi Ujjaldeep , Matundan Harry H. , Yu Jack , Hirose Satoshi , Mueller Mathias , Wormley Floyd L. , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: October 2021

Ocular HSV-1 infection is a major cause of eye disease and innate and adaptive immunity both play a role in protection and pathology associated with ocular infection. Previously we have shown that M1-type macrophages are the major and earliest infiltrates into the cornea of infected mice. We also showed that HSV-1 infectivity in the presence and absence of M2-macrophages was similar to wild-type (WT) control mice. However, it is not clear whether the absence of M1 macrophages plays a role in protection and disease in HSV-1 infected mice. To explore the role of M1 macrophages in HSV-1 infection, we used mice lacking M1 activation (M1-/-mice). Our results showed that macrophages from M1-/-mice were more susceptible to HSV-1 infectionin vitrothan were macrophages from WT mice. M1-/-mice were highly susceptible to ocular infection with virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae, while WT mice were refractory to infection. In addition, M1-/-mice had higher virus titers in the eyes than did WT mice. Adoptive transfer of M1 macrophages from WT mice to M1-/-mice reduced death and rescued virus replication in the eyes of infected mice. Infection of M1-/-mice with avirulent HSV-1 strain KOS also increased ocular virus replication and eye disease but did not affect latency-reactivation seen in WT control mice. Severity of virus replication and eye disease correlated with significantly higher inflammatory responses leading to a cytokine storm in the eyes of M1-/-infected mice that was not seen in WT mice. Thus, for the first time, our study illustrates the importance of M1 macrophages specifically in primary HSV-1 infection, eye disease, and survival but not in latency-reactivation.
Evaluation of biocompatibility of veneered Bio HPP and veneered lithium disilicate crowns in anterior zone (Randomized controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Odeh Esra'a , Alansary Hesham , Naguib Ahmed , Taymour Maha
Published: October 2021

Objective: Evaluation of the biocompatibility of Bio-High Performance Polymer (Bio HPP) crowns veneered with Visio-Ling versus e.max crowns veneered with e.max veneering system. Material and Methods: 42 full-coverage crowns were fabricated for maxillary anterior teeth. A swap was obtained using a sterile paper cone to determine bacterial count and type. Pocket depth (PD) was determined using a William Periodontal probe. Measurements were repeated after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months respectively. Patients were randomly divided into: Group A fabricated from IPS e.max crowns and Group B fabricated from Bio HPP crowns. The preparations were standardized with an equi-gingival, finish line. Fisher’s test was used to compare between the two groups. The significance level was set at P 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with Windows, Version 23.0. (IBM SPSS Statistics) Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: Bio HPP and e.max showed no statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing and PD except after 9and 12 months; Bio HPP showed statistically significantly higher PD than e.max (P-value = 0.027, Effect size = 0.245) and (P-value = 0.011, Effect size = 0.310), respectively. Fisher’s test showed there was no statistically significant difference between total bacterial counts and the type of the two materials. Conclusion: Both e.max and Bio HPP crowns revealed successful biological behavior. No significant difference between the materials regarding the bacterial count and type as well as the pocket depth, however after 9 and 12 months, Bio HPP showed a higher significant difference PD than e.max.
Keywords
 Biocompatibility;   Bio HPP; e.max; Pocket depth; Bacteria.
Effect of dental education on knowledge and clinical behavior of turkish dentists’ regarding oral-systemic health of geriatric patients
Authors: Ozan Gunce , Yildiz Esra , Yildiz Sevda Ozel
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim is to evaluate the perspectives of dentists’ clinical approaches in terms of their knowledge and education regarding oral-systemic health relation of geriatric patients with a digital survey. Materials and Methods: The demographics, oral-systemic health-related lectures in participants' dentistry education, the level of awareness of the oral-systemic health relationship, and behaviors related to clinical applications were investigated on a digital platform with 49 multiple-choice questions. The results were analyzed with the SPSS 24.0 program. Results: Of a total of 410 dentists (206 women and 204 men), 23% have doctoral and/or specialty titles. While 93.1% of dentists had taken systemic health-related lectures, 21.3% of them rated these courses as “adequate” and 49.3% as weak. 72% of the participants received medical history only at the initial appointment, while 17.9% of them received it at each appointment. Dentists more often associate diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with periodontitis, compared to the development of dental caries. Dentists who think that they should work with physicians in the treatments of geriatric patients with systemic diseases refer more patients to physicians per year (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Dentists have found the lectures on the relationship between oral-systemic health of geriatric patients in dentistry education inadequate. Besides, there is a lack of information on the effects of systemic diseases on caries development, intra-oral findings, and knowledge on treatment approaches. Dentists believe that defining a curriculum that emphasizes interdisciplinary work and organizing scientific activities in partnership with medical associations will play an important role in establishing awareness of oral-systemic health.
Keywords
Dental education; Dental health survey; Geriatric dentistry; Interdisciplinary communication; Oral health.
Systematic reviews: the world that didn’t stop during the pandemic
Authors: Honório Heitor Marques
Published: October 2021

.
Summary
Authors: Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: October 2021

.
Liquid Biopsy in Gastric Cancer: Analysis of Somatic Cancer Tissue Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA for Predicting Disease State and Patient Survival
Authors: Varkalaite Greta , Forster Michael , Franke Andre , Kupcinskas Juozas , Skieceviciene Jurgita
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis in late stages and high mortality rates are the main issues that require new noninvasive molecular tools. We aimed to assess somatic mutational profiles in GC tissue and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), evaluate their concordance rate, and analyze the role of multilayer molecular profiling to predict disease state and prognosis.

Methods:

Treatment-naive GC patient group (n = 29) was selected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of GC tissue was performed, and a unique 38-gene panel for deep targeted sequencing of plasma cfDNA was developed. Oncoproteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other variables such as tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability were evaluated using WES data.

Results:

The yield of cfDNA was increased 43.6-fold; the integrity of fragments was decreased in GC compared with controls. WES analysis of cancerous tissue and plasma cfDNA (targeted sequencing) mutational profiles revealed 47.8% concordance. The increased quantity of GC tissue–derived alterations detected in cfDNA was associated with worse patients' survival. Analysis of importance of multilayer variables and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that combination of 2 analytes: (i) quantity of tissue matching alterations and (ii) presence of any somatic alteration in plasma cfDNA resulted in area under curve 0.744 when discriminating patients with or without distant metastasis. Furthermore, cfDNA sequence alterations derived from tumor tissue were detected in patients who had even relatively small GC tumors (T1-T2).

Discussion:

Our results indicate that quantitative and qualitative cfDNA mutational profile analysis is a promising tool for evaluating GC disease status or poorer prognosis.
Enchanted encounters: moving images, public art and an ethical sense of place
Authors: Dell’Aria Annie , Buchanan Andy
Published: October 2021

This article examines site-specific moving images, particularly public artworks that engage windows and monuments as cinematic screens. Employing the concept of enchantment and Doreen Massey’s notion of a ‘global sense of place’, this article analyses how the physical experience of moving image media in public places can enrich and complicate our understanding of place. Artworks by Lynn Hershman Leeson, Ofri Cnaani, Krzysztof Wodiczko and Tony Oursler are explored, in addition to recent protest projections and critical and theoretical investigations of place and enchantment.
Reproducción y circulación de la máxima enunciativa paz territorial en la educación rural
Authors: Molina Ríos Juliana Angélica
Published: October 2021

Derivado de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz (2016), surge una serie de retos en relación con la educación rural, la cual se contempla como un eje que vertebra la construcción de paz territorial. En tal sentido, el artículo da cuenta de los sentidos que los maestros rurales de Arauca le otorgan a la máxima enunciativa paz territorial, propuesta desde el discurso oficial. Así, el marco teórico presenta las categorías centrales: educación rural y la noción de ideologema desde la perspectiva glotopolítica.
La metodología evidencia el enfoque cualitativo de la investigación. Así mismo, la sistematización y análisis de la información parte de elementos de orden pragmático. El análisis se desarrolla desde los lugares de enunciación en los que se ubican los maestros rurales, a saber: la valoración de la experiencia de sí, la experiencia del oficio de ser maestro en relación con la vida comunitaria y con el funcionamiento institucional.
Los resultados y discusión final dan cuenta de que la reproducción y modos de circulación de la paz territorial está asociada a situaciones de humillación y menosprecio que manifiestan haber vivido los maestros en intercambios comunicativos con actores armados. De igual manera, los maestros establecieron relaciones entre: a) el territorio real y el tiempo de la incertidumbre de volver a la guerra, y b) el territorio vivido y el tiempo de la preocupación humana. También, los maestros rurales enfatizaron en la condición de abandono estatal en el sistema educativo.
Maestros y escuelas ante la violencia: resistencias desde el lenguaje como acontecimiento estético y sociocultural
Authors: Areiza Pérez Érica Elexandra
Published: October 2021

El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación doctoral que se pregunta por las subjetividades políticas de maestros y maestras en la Comuna 13 de Medellín. El propósito del trabajo es develar las experiencias pedagógicas que los educadores han llevado a cabo en este territorio para contribuir a la restitución del tejido social, a la construcción de paz y a la generación de nuevas expectativas de vida para los niños, niñas y jóvenes. Esta apuesta se desarrolla a partir de una investigación narrativa, cuyos fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos enfatizan en la potencia del relato en la construcción epistémica y en las configuraciones sociales y subjetivas. En los hallazgos se destacan los sentidos que adquiere el lenguaje como acontecimiento de resistencia y de saber en el que la lectura, la literatura y las artes tienen un lugar esencial. Asimismo, se reconoce cómo el accionar político de los maestros en contextos afectados por la violencia cobra una importancia sustantiva para resistir frente a lo establecido, frente a la desesperanza y la pérdida.
“Tú me quieres blanca”. El mito de la pureza lingüística en la escuela argentina
Authors: López García María
Published: October 2021

Entre los mitos lingüísticos del español, el de la pureza es el que más pregnancia parece tener entre los hablantes argentinos y es la metáfora más productiva para generar representaciones sobre la posible existencia de una lengua común. El artículo repasa algunos tópicos vinculados con el mito de la pureza lingüística en la enseñanza escolar argentina desde la primera ley de educación (1884).
Epidemiology of norovirus and viral gastroenteritis in Ontario, Canada, 2009–2014
Authors: Hughes Stephanie L , Greer Amy L , Elliot Alex J , McEwen Scott A , Young Ian , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: October 2021

Background: Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in Canada. The illness causes great morbidity and high societal costs. The objective of this article is to describe the epidemiology of norovirus in the province of Ontario, Canada from 2009 to 2014. Methods: To assess activity of norovirus and viral gastroenteritis (VGE) in Ontario, three datasets were acquired from the provincial government: two traditional surveillance datasets (outbreak and laboratory) and syndromic surveillance data (telehealth), all spanning 2009–2014. All outbreaks, laboratory submissions and telehealth calls were first assessed for total VGE. Norovirus and norovirus-like illness totals were calculated as a proportion of VGE to estimate agent-specific activity levels. Affected institution types, sexes and age groups were also analyzed. Results: Between 2009 and 2014, 41.5% of VGE outbreaks, 63.4% of VGE laboratory submissions and 36.6% of all acute gastroenteritis-related (not restricted to viral causes) telehealth calls were attributed to norovirus and norovirus-like illness in Ontario. The most commonly affected institution type was long-term care homes and the most commonly affected age groups were younger (younger than five years) and older (older than 65 years) individuals. Females were slightly more frequently affected than males. Conclusion: Norovirus and norovirus-like illnesses were the leading cause of VGE in Ontario between 2009 and 2014. They comprised the greatest percentage of VGE when compared with all other VGE-associated viruses. Additional work is needed to determine all component costs and necessary public health actions to reduce the burden of disease.
National Influenza Annual Report, Canada, 2020–2021, in the global context
Authors: Nwosu Andrea , Lee Liza , Schmidt Kara , Buckrell Steven , Sevenhuysen Claire , Bancej Christina
Published: October 2021

During the 2020–2021 Canadian influenza season, no community circulation of influenza occurred. Only 69 positive detections of influenza were reported, and influenza percent positivity did not exceed 0.1%. Influenza indicators were at historical lows compared with the previous six seasons, with no laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks or severe outcomes being reported by any of the provinces and territories. Globally, influenza circulation was at historically low levels in both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. The decreased influenza activity seen in Canada and globally is concurrent with the implementation of non-pharmaceutical public health measures to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although it is difficult to predict when influenza will begin to re-circulate, given the increased COVID-19 vaccination and the relaxation of public health measures, an influenza resurgence can be expected and may be more severe or intense than recent seasons. Influenza vaccination, along with non-pharmaceutical public health measures, continues to remain the best method to prevent the spread and impact of influenza. Public health authorities need to remain vigilant, maintain surveillance and continue to plan for heightened seasonal influenza circulation.
L’auto-test du VIH à Ottawa, Canada, utilisé par les personnes à risque de contracter le VIH : l’étude GetaKit
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick , Musten Alexandra , Vandyk Amanda , Ho Nikki , Orser Lauren , Haines Marlene , Paulin Vickie
Published: October 2021

Contexte : L’Agence de la santé publique du Canada estime qu’environ 87 % des personnes vivant avec le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) au Canada ont été diagnostiquées, ce qui est bien en deçà de l’objectif du Programme commun des Nations Unies sur le VIH/sida de faire diagnostiquer 95 % des personnes séropositives. La recherche a montré que l’auto-test du VIH peut aider à augmenter ces diagnostics, en particulier parmi les populations les plus touchées par le VIH. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer les résultats de l’adoption et du diagnostic associés à l’auto-test gratuit du VIH. Méthodes : Nous avons élaboré le premier programme d’auto-test du VIH gratuit en ligne au Canada et l’avons mis en œuvre à Ottawa. Ce projet a été réalisé en collaboration avec le site Web www.GetaKit.ca. Nous avions l’intention de recruter de 150 à 400 participants sur une période de 6 à 12 mois, en estimant que ce nombre donnerait de 0 à 1 résultats positifs (le taux de positivité prévu est de 0,08 %). Résultats : Entre le 20 juillet 2020 et le 1er avril 2021, 1 268 personnes ont consulté le site Web de GetaKit et vérifié leur admissibilité. Au total, 600 personnes étaient admissibles et 405 ont commandé une trousse de dépistage du VIH. Parmi ceux qui ont commandé une trousse, 399 ont rempli un questionnaire de référence. Dans l’ensemble, 71 % de ces participants étaient membres des groupes prioritaires de lutte contre le VIH. Pour ce qui est des résultats de test, 228 personnes ont déclaré des résultats de test, dont un était positif, soit un taux de positivité de 0,24 % au total et de 0,44 % des résultats déclarés. Ces taux dépassent ceux qui sont normalement observés à Ottawa. Conclusion : L’auto-test du VIH peut être efficacement mis en œuvre par l’accès à un site Web. Une telle intervention sera également utilisée par les personnes atteintes d’infections non diagnostiquées et il semble que cette utilisation se fasse à un taux supérieur à celui observé par les autres moyens de dépistage. L’auto-test du VIH pourrait donc aider le Canada à atteindre les cibles 95-95-95 des Nations Unies.
La representació de la casa en les parèmies catalanes de motivació grecoromana
Authors: Pascual-López Xavier
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse how Catalan proverbs can be related to several Greco-Latin antecedents according to which the house occupies a fundamental place in people’s lives. In these proverbs, the house is represented from two different but complementary points of view: the space of intimacy, in which every individual can feel safe, and the place where the socialization of people begins, so that it constitutes a microcosm governed by social rules which condition the relationships between its inhabitants.
Атрофия разума: Юрьев день Кирилла Серебренникова
Authors: Fedorushkov Edyta
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the figure of the heroine Lubov in Kirill Serebrennikov’s film St George’s Day. The main aim is to show how the town of Yuriev and its residents affect the spiritual change of Lubov. The author examines the consistent rejection of the truth of the mind in favour of the truth of faith in Lubov’s life. The initial multilevel conflict between the opera singer and the town is supposed to be laid out in the Russian attitude to the world, which is based on the verge of two binary paradigms – the West and the East – exemplifying in turn the culture of the mind (reason) and the culture of faith (intuition). The provincial Russian town is correlated with the view of St. Petersburg in V. Toporov’s ‘Petersburg text’ due to its particular and distinguishable influence on outer visitors: the town imposes on Lubov its rules, affecting her present life not only materially but most of all spiritually. Besides, the consecutive analyses allow to draw an analogy between Lubov and Dostoevsky’s meek heroines. Like the ‘humiliated and insulted’ women of the author of Crime and punishment, the former opera singer enters the path of suffering and self-sacrifice to completely abandon her own self.
Ироническое начало в фельетоне Киев-город Михаила Булгакова
Authors: Bortnowski Antoni
Published: October 2021

The subject of the article is the analysis of the image of Kiev, presented in Mikhail Bulgakov’s feuilleton Kiev, the City. This work has rarely been the subject of in-depth analysis, despite the fact that it is one of the few texts in which the writer presents the image of his hometown. A characteristic element of the description of Kiev’s past and present is the irony. It is noticeable in the title of the feuilleton, as well as in the names of its parts. The ironic image of Soviet Kiev stands in stark contrast to the vision of the city captured in the novel The White Guard. The analysis of the techniques used by the writer in the text of Kiev, the City (e.g. the naive narrator’s mask, a combination of pompous style and colloquial speech) is carried out in order to prove that the feuilleton, in its style and ideas expressed, also shows the author’s rejection of post-revolutionary reality and his attempt to overcome the trauma of the past through laughter. The ironic image of the Soviet reality on the background of eternal spiritual values makes Kiev, the City a harbinger of the problems covered inMikhail Bulgakov’s later works.
Sharp Trudinger–Moser Inequality and Ground State Solutions to Quasi-Linear Schrödinger Equations with Degenerate Potentials in ℝ
n
Authors: Chen Lu , Lu Guozhen , Zhu Maochun
Published: October 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of ground-state solutions to a class of Schrödinger equations with critical exponential growth involving the nonnegative, possibly degenerate, potential V:

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

n
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

n
-
2

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

.

-\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n-2}\nabla u)+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n-% 2}u=f(u).

To this end, we first need to prove a sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

under the constraint

∫

ℝ
n

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

n

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

n

)

⁢

𝑑
x

≤
1

.

\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n}+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n})\,dx\leq 1.

This is proved without using the technique of blow-up analysis or symmetrization argument. As far as what has been studied in the literature, having a positive lower bound has become a standard assumption on the potential

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

in dealing with the existence of solutions to the above Schrödinger equation. Since

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

is allowed to vanish on an open set in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, the loss of a positive lower bound of the potential

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

makes this problem become fairly nontrivial. Our method to prove the Trudinger–Moser inequality in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

(see [L. Chen, G. Lu and M. Zhu, A critical Trudinger–Moser inequality involving a degenerate potential and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Sci. China Math. 64 2021, 7, 1391–1410]) does not apply to this higher-dimensional case

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

for

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

here. To obtain the existence of a ground state solution, we use a non-symmetric argument to exclude the possibilities of vanishing and dichotomy cases of the minimizing sequence in the Nehari manifold. This argument is much simpler than the one used in dimension two where we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

{-\Delta u+Vu=f(u)}

with a degenerate potential V in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

.
Sharp Blow-Up Profiles of Positive Solutions for a Class of Semilinear Elliptic Problems
Authors: Li Wan-Tong , López-Gómez Julián , Sun Jian-Wen
Published: October 2021

This paper analyzes the behavior of the positive solution

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

of the perturbed problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

λ
⁢
m
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

-

[

a
ε

⁢

(
x
)

+

b
ε

⁢

(
x
)

]

⁢

u
p

=
0

in

⁢
Ω

,

B
⁢
u

=
0

on

⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}{-\Delta u}&\displaystyle=\lambda m(x)u-% [a_{\varepsilon}(x)+b_{\varepsilon}(x)]u^{p}=0&&\displaystyle\text{in}\ \Omega% ,\\ \displaystyle Bu&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\text{on}\ \partial\Omega,\end{% aligned}\right.

as

ε
↓
0

{\varepsilon\downarrow 0}

, where

a
ε

⁢

(
x
)

≈

ε
α

⁢
a
⁢

(
x
)

{a_{\varepsilon}(x)\approx\varepsilon^{\alpha}a(x)}

and

b
ε

⁢

(
x
)

≈

ε
β

⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

{b_{\varepsilon}(x)\approx\varepsilon^{\beta}b(x)}

for some

α
≥
0

{\alpha\geq 0}

and

β
≥
0

{\beta\geq 0}

, and some Hölder continuous functions

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

and

b
⁢

(
x
)

{b(x)}

such that

a
⪈
0

{a\gneq 0}

(i.e.,

a
≥
0

{a\geq 0}

and

a
≢
0

{a\not\equiv 0}

) and

min

Ω
¯

⁡
b

>
0

{\min_{\bar{\Omega}}b>0}

. The most intriguing and interesting case arises when

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

degenerates, in the sense that

Ω
0

≡

int
⁡

a

-
1

⁢

(
0
)

{\Omega_{0}\equiv\operatorname{int}a^{-1}(0)}

is a non-empty smooth open subdomain of Ω, as in this case a “blow-up” phenomenon appears due to the spatial degeneracy of

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

for sufficiently large λ. In all these cases, the asymptotic behavior of

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

will be characterized according to the several admissible values of the parameters α and β. Our study reveals that there may exist two different blow-up speeds for

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

in the degenerate case.
High-power ultrafast fiber lasers for materials processing
Authors: Eidam Tino , Breitkopf Sven , Herrfurth Oliver , Stutzki Fabian , Kienel Marco , Hädrich Steffen , Gaida Christian , Limpert Jens
Published: October 2021

State-of-the-art fiber-laser systems can deliver femtosecond pulses at average powers beyond the kilowatt level and multi-mJ pulse energies by employing advanced large-mode-area fiber designs, chirped-pulse amplification, and the coherent combination of parallel fiber amplifiers. By using sophisticated coherent phase control, one or even several output ports can be modulated at virtually arbitrary power levels and switching speeds. In addition, an all-fiber setup for GHz-burst generation is described allowing to access an even wider range of laser parameters. The combination of all these approaches together with the robustness, efficiency, and excellent beam quality inherent to fiber-laser technology has the potential to strongly improve existing materials-processing applications.
A Totally Relaxed, Self-Adaptive Subgradient Extragradient Method for Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems in a Banach Space
Authors: Jolaoso Lateef Olakunle , Taiwo Adeolu , Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Dong Qiao-Li
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce a Totally Relaxed Self-adaptive Subgradient Extragradient Method (TRSSEM) with Halpern iterative scheme for finding a common solution of a Variational Inequality Problem (VIP) and the fixed point of quasi-nonexpansive mapping in a 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space.
The TRSSEM does not require the computation of projection onto the feasible set of the VIP; instead, it uses a projection onto a finite intersection of sub-level sets of convex functions.
The advantage of this is that any general convex feasible set can be involved in the VIP.
We also introduce a modified TRSSEM which involves the projection onto the set of a convex combination of some convex functions.
Under some mild conditions, we prove a strong convergence theorem for our algorithm and also present an application of our theorem to the approximation of a solution of nonlinear integral equations of Hammerstein’s type.
Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of our method as well as comparing it with some related methods in the literature.
Our algorithm is simple and easy to implement for computation.
Im Vestibül der Algorithmen
Authors: Bohn Anna
Published: October 2021

Online-access to audiovisual content is rapidly changing the system of film distribution and film presentation. The streaming portal acts as a threshold for online access to moving image works. Algorithms and artificial intelligence are increasingly taking over the selection and curation of audiovisual content and direct viewers’ attention via personalised recommendation systems. The article outlines the market development towards online access to audiovisual content and analyses selected aspects such as artwork (thumbnails) and genres to explore the functionalities of accessory (paratexts) to the film for recommendation systems in video streaming portals and data analysis. From the analysis, the article derives preliminary considerations on requirements that result from the use of artificial intelligence technologies for promoting film and visual literacy in cultural heritage institutions.
A. W. Schlegels Korrespondenz – kollaborativ!
Authors: Strobel Jochen
Published: October 2021

The paper appeals for a re-examination of the digital scholarly edition of letters informed by a ‘theory of practice’ appropriate to a project environment. The genre letter seen as a means of communication and the use of digital media tools are emphasised, the use of which in no way precludes keeping with established scholarly critical edition standards. The ‘behind the scenes’ of the project The Digital Edition of August Wilhelm Schlegel’s Correspondence is discussed, as are, in a more universal sense, Bourdieu’s critical ideas of theory and practice as applied to digital letter edition projects and their interests.
Zum Briefwechsel von Georg Trakl und dem Kurt Wolff Verlag
Authors: Unterkircher Anton
Published: October 2021

The correspondence between Georg Trakl and the Kurt Wolff publishing house can serve as an example to demonstrate the different approaches of the two historical-critical Trakl editions. As about half of the letters are undated, the editors often had to guess their chronology. The already reconstructed letters are especially problematic because their sources are letters with an uncertain dating. In this paper, three letters are newly dated. Moreover, the double publication of a reconstructed and a surviving letter can be proved.
Analysis of flow pattern characteristics and strengthening mechanism of co-rotating and counter-rotating mixing with double impellers on different string shafts
Authors: Li Haotian , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Xu Jianxin , Xiao Qingtai , Fan Yuewei
Published: October 2021

Based on two cases of the double impellers on different shafts in the co-rotating and counter-rotating, the distribution of the velocity, streamline, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent energy dissipation rate are obtained through three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation. Very good agreements between experimental and numerical results have been obtained. The hydrometallurgy purification experimental platform was built with the size of one third of the simulated. The results show that the mechanical string mixing system with double impellers on different shafts can form a more obvious convection effect in the central area of the double impellers, which can effectively break the mixing isolation region and improve the mixing effect. In the co-rotating case, the two impellers can generate strong convection in the central area and form an interactive vortex and a high-speed flow channel between the two impellers. while the convection formed by counter-rotating case is weaker and the vortex structures are independent of each other. The counter-rotating system performs better in the macro momentum transfer and the co-rotating system performs better in the micro-mixing level. In the experiments of hydrometallurgy purification, 7.93% more energy is used in the co-rotating system than that of the counter-rotating system. The average energy consumed by co-rotating in the process of purifying every one percent of Cd2+ ions are 8.65% lower than that of counter-rotating. The co-rotating system can improve microscopic mass transfer effect and finally save energy and time compared to the counter-rotating system.
Exploring the scope of homoeopathy in combating the unfortunate consequences of post-COVID-19 survivors based on non-COVID conditions: a narrative review
Authors: Dixit Ashish Kumar , Giri Nibha , Singh Shishir
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The long-term consequences of COVID-19 survivors care and post-coronavirus infection are not yet well understood. The review aims to see whether homoeopathy can help COVID-19 survivors recover from its consequences and improve their quality of life.

Content

A systematic search of published articles for post-COVID sequelae and the impact of Homoeopathy were conducted. For the literature search, the major electronic bio-medical database PubMed/MEDLINE was used. In addition, supplementary searches were conducted through the references of those published articles.

A total of 113 records were identified of which 61 studies included for this review. Homoeopathy is effective in the treatment of mental disorders including anxiety and depressive disorder (ADD), some research studies have found, although systematic reviews disagree. Likewise, some medical societies denounce homoeopathy for pain management; other literature shows that it can be used to treat pain effectively. Homoeopathy can aid in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as Crataegus, a homoeopathic medication, was found to be just as effective as a standard angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and diuretic treatment for minor cardiac insufficiency. The outcomes for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Influenza, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) are also promising.

Outlook

Based on the results of homoeopathy in non-COVID conditions, it can be thought of in the management of post-COVID-19 outcomes. Consequently, we propose that while investigating post-COVID-19 patient rehabilitation, homoeopathic management may be included as part of the follow-up route and as much data as possible in the context of homoeopathy should be collected, so that in future, the role of homoeopathy in dealing with it can be better demonstrated.
A renaissance in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease, hypertension in chronic kidney disease, and beyond
Authors: Yahr Jordana , Calle Juan , Taliercio Jonathan J.
Published: October 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 15% of the US population and is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The two leading causes of end stage kidney disease are hypertension and diabetes mellitus, both of which are modifiable risk factors. The cornerstones of CKD care include early detection, management of associated risk factors, modification of cardiovascular disease risk, slowing progression of disease, and management of complications including anemia, acid base disturbance, and mineral and bone disorders. For the last 20 years, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were the mainstay treatment for proteinuric diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease. Recently, new therapies such as sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors, have emerged as powerful tools in the treatment of CKD with indications in both diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease. In this article, we define CKD staging, review new hypertension and diabetic guidelines for CKD patients, and discuss major trials for new potential therapies in CKD, particularly diabetic kidney disease. We will provide practical guidance for primary care physicians to diagnose CKD and implement these agents early in the disease course to prevent the progression of disease and reduce the morbidity and mortality of this vulnerable population.
Two Japanese siblings with arginase-1 deficiency identified using a novel frameshift mutation of ARG1 (p.Lys41Thrfs∗2)
Authors: Nakajima Hisakazu , Fukuhara Shota
Published: October 2021

We described two Japanese siblings with arginase-1 (ARG1) deficiency. A 10-year-old girl (the proband and elder sister) was referred to our hospital complaining about her short stature. We diagnosed her with ARG1 deficiency, possibly with elevated levels of blood ammonia and plasma arginine. Her younger sister was found to have spastic paraparesis in her lower extremities and short stature at the age of 4 years. The younger sister also had high levels of plasma arginine, instead of normal levels of blood ammonia. Interestingly, they also prefer to avoid protein-rich foods such as meat, soybeans, cow milk, and dairy products. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygous mutations (c.121_122insCTT [p.Lys41Thrfs∗2] and c.298G>A [p.Asp100Asn]) in the ARG1 gene. The ARG1 mutation of p.Lys41Thrfs∗2 is a novel pathogenic mutation according to open databases and literature.
Clinical profile, etiology, and diagnostic challenges of primary adrenal insufficiency in Sudanese children: 14-years’ experience from a resource limited setting
Authors: Musa Salwa A. , Hassan Samar S. , Ahmed Amna I. , Ngwiri Thomas , Fadlalbari Ghassan F. , Ibrahim Areej A. , Babiker Omer O. , Abdullah Mohamed A.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is an uncommon condition. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the commonest cause followed by autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis and management are challenging especially in resource-limited settings. Studies from Africa are scanty and here we describe for the first time the clinical presentation, possible etiologies, and challenges in diagnosis and management of PAI in a large cohort of Sudanese children.

Methods

This was a descriptive hospital-based study where all patients diagnosed with PAI between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, low morning cortisol ± high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or inadequate response of cortisol to synacthen stimulation. Challenges faced in diagnosis and management were identified.

Results

From 422 PAI suspected patients, 309 (73.2%) had CAH, and 33 (7.8%) had PAI-like symptoms and were not furtherly discussed. Eighty patients (19%) had fulfilled the study criteria: 29 had Allgrove syndrome, nine auto-immune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, seven adrenoleukodystrophy, and one had an adrenal hemorrhage. Hyperpigmentation was the cardinal feature in 75 (93.8%) while the adrenal crisis was not uncommon. Lack of diagnostic facilities has obscured the etiology in 34 (42.5%) patients.

Conclusions

PAI is not uncommon in Sudanese children where genetic causes outweigh the autoimmune ones. Many cases were missed due to nonspecific presentation, lack of awareness, and difficult access to tertiary health care facilities. In addition to the clinical findings, early morning cortisol ± ACTH levels can be used in diagnosis where facilities are limited particularly synacthen stimulation test.
Overtrusting robots: Setting a research agenda to mitigate overtrust in automation
Authors: Aroyo Alexander M. , de Bruyne Jan , Dheu Orian , Fosch-Villaronga Eduard , Gudkov Aleksei , Hoch Holly , Jones Steve , Lutz Christoph , Sætra Henrik , Solberg Mads , Tamò-Larrieux Aurelia
Published: October 2021

There is increasing attention given to the concept of trustworthiness for artificial intelligence and robotics. However, trust is highly context-dependent, varies among cultures, and requires reflection on others’ trustworthiness, appraising whether there is enough evidence to conclude that these agents deserve to be trusted. Moreover, little research exists on what happens when too much trust is placed in robots and autonomous systems. Conceptual clarity and a shared framework for approaching overtrust are missing. In this contribution, we offer an overview of pressing topics in the context of overtrust and robots and autonomous systems. Our review mobilizes insights solicited from in-depth conversations from a multidisciplinary workshop on the subject of trust in human–robot interaction (HRI), held at a leading robotics conference in 2020. A broad range of participants brought in their expertise, allowing the formulation of a forward-looking research agenda on overtrust and automation biases in robotics and autonomous systems. Key points include the need for multidisciplinary understandings that are situated in an eco-system perspective, the consideration of adjacent concepts such as deception and anthropomorphization, a connection to ongoing legal discussions through the topic of liability, and a socially embedded understanding of overtrust in education and literacy matters. The article integrates diverse literature and provides a ground for common understanding for overtrust in the context of HRI.
Semiotic analysis of symbolic logic using tagmemic theory: with implications for analytic philosophy
Authors: Poythress Vern S.
Published: October 2021

This article uses tagmemic theory as a semiotic framework to analyze symbolic logic. It attends particularly to the issue of context for meaning and the role of personal observer/participants. It focuses on formal languages, which employ no ordinary words and from one point of view have “no meaning.” Attention to the context and the theorists who deploy these languages shows that formal languages have meanings at a higher level, colored by the purposes of the analysts. In fact, there is an indefinitely ascending hierarchy of theories of theories, each of which analyzes and evaluates the theories at a lower level. By analogy with Kurt Gödel’s incompleteness theory, no level of the hierarchy can capture within formalism everything in a sufficiently complex system. The personal analysts always have to make judgments about how a formalized system is analogous to the world outside the system. Arguments in analytic philosophy can be useful in clarification, but neither clarification of terms nor clarification of the structure of arguments can eliminate the need for personal judgment.