bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequent CT Scan Radiation Activates Interferon Responses and Antitumor T-Cell Immunity
Authors: Dong Jigang , Wang Zhongtang , Li Minghao , Li Baosheng , Fu Chengrui
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the impact of repeated whole-body computed tomography (CT) scans on systemic immunity, the tumor immune microenvironment, and tumor control. This inquiry was prompted by clinical observations indicating a decrease in the levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ in patients' blood following whole-body CT scans.
Methods: A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft mouse model was established and divided into two groups: a control group and a group subjected to multiple whole-body CT scanning radiation (WBCTSs). The study monitored tumor growth trends across both groups and employed a comprehensive set of analytical techniques—including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry analysis, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and single-cell sequencing—to assess differences in cytokine profiles (IFN-β and IFN-γ), proportions of key immune cells, and gene expression variations between the groups.
Results: Repeated CT scan radiation demonstrated a trend toward delaying tumor progression. In tumors exposed to multiple CT scans, there was an observed increase in the proportion of CD8+ T cells and an upregulation of genes associated with IFNγ in CD8+ T cells and IFN-β in macrophages. Concurrently, interferon levels within the tumor tissue also showed an increase.Conversely, the radiation from multiple whole-body CT scans resulted in a decreased proportion of CD8+ T cells in the blood and spleen, accompanied by a downregulation of genes associated with IFNγ in CD8+ T cells and IFN-β in macrophages, as well as a reduction in serum interferon levels.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that repeated whole-body CT scanning radiation induces systemic immunosuppression as well as immune activation in tumor tissue. Multiple CT scans do not exacerbate cancer, but rather may act as a barrier to cancer progression.
Biomimetics Through Bioconjugation of 16- Methylheptadecanoic Acid to Damaged Hair for Hair Barrier Recovery
Authors: Song Sang-Hun , Park Hyun Sub , Lim Byung Tack , Son Seong Kil
Published: April 2024

The primary component of the lipid barrier on human hair, which is essential for defense against aging and environmental stresses, is 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA), which provides hydrophobic properties and protective benefits. Since 18-MEA cannot be regenerated once damaged, it is critical to develop technology that can permanently bind alternativematerials to hair. Once it was determined that 18-MEA was removed from the hair using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pentaerythritol tetraisoosterate (PTIS) was hydrolyzed and observed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)to confirm that mimic 18-MEA, 16-methylheptadecanoic acid (16-MHA) wasobtained at pH 4 or lower. The 16-MHA was bioconjugated to damaged hair from which 18-MEA was removed via a carbodiimide reaction using polycarbodiimide. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed that 16-MHA remained on the surface of bioconjugated hair even after washing. Observation of the endothermic reaction of moisture in the hair using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and evaluation of the moisture content confirmed that the hair bioconjugated with 16-MHA exhibited similar physical properties to virgin hair. This biomimetic approach has been demonstrated to restore both external structural integrity and internal moisture homeostasis.
Deciphering the role of the hendecad-repeat coiled-coil domain of TRIM72 in membrane curvature recognition
Authors: Song Hyun Kyu , Park Si Hoon
Published: April 2024

RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are functional multidomain proteins involved in diverse eukaryotic cellular processes. A major subfamily of RING-type ligases is the tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing protein family, whose members contain RING, B-box, coiled-coil, and variable C-terminal domains. Although the roles of individual TRIM domains are well understood, the function of the coiled-coil domain remains unclear owing to its structural complexity. In this study, we investigated the structural details of the coiled-coil domain of TRIM72 to elucidate its role in facilitating interactions with both concave and convex membranes. Cooperative interactions of the coiled-coil/coiled-coil and B-box/B-box domains were found to drive oligomerization, aiding in the recognition of phospholipid layers by the PRYSPRY domains. These insights provide a fundamental basis for understanding TRIM family E3 ligases and highlight their conserved molecular architecture and pattern recognition capabilities through higher-order assembly.
Teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization in children have lower dental pulp oxygen saturation
Authors: Cavalcante Jade de Souza , Estela Carlos , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , de Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia , Neto Manoel Damião de Sousa , Molena Kelly Fernanda , de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The aim of this manuscript was to evaluate pulp tissue oxygen saturation (SaO2) in first permanent molars (FPM) with and without molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), to answering the question whether severe cases of MIH can have different SaO2 values.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 29 children (16 girls, 13 boys, aged 7-11 years) assigns 116 FPM. The FPM included were divided without MIH (G1, n = 48) and with MIH (G2: Mild MIH, n = 30 and G3: Severe MIH, n = 38). Pulp oximetry was conducted twice (each 30 seconds) in all groups.
Results:There were significant variations in SaO2 levels based on MIH severity. Median SaO2 in the control group was 94% (Q1=90%; Q3=98%), while MIH cases show SaO2 variations: Mild (79%, Q1=71.5%; Q3=83.5%) and Severe (68%, Q1=55%; Q3=75%) (p<0.01). FPM with MIH (G2 and G3) exhibit lower SaO2 levels than healthy teeth (G1), with severe cases showing even lower levels than mild ones.
Conclusions: This research contributes valuable insights into the association between MH severity and pulp oxygen saturation, offering implications for clinical management.
Clinical relevance: The pulse oximeter for measuring SaO2 in the dental pulp of teeth with MIH could be an alternative for thermal tests in children with this condition. Current thermal tests can generate fear and anxiety in pediatric patients.
Category: Original Article: Efficacy and safety of oral cyclophosphamide versus mycophenolate mofetil in childhood nephrotic syndrome: An open-label comparative study.
Authors: Dhooria Gurdeep Singh , Bhargava Siddharth , Bhat Deepak , Pooni Puneet , Goel Nancy , Kakkar Shruti
Published: April 2024

Background: The aim is to study the efficacy and safety of oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome for the proportion of children off steroids for at least 6 months (responders).
Methods: This is an open-label comparative study done in a Pediatric Nephrology clinic of a referral center on children between 3 months and 18 years with FR/SD nephrotic syndrome.
Group A was patients receiving oral cyclophosphamide (100, 25% female) with a dose of 2–2.5 mg/kg once daily for 8–12 weeks of therapy. Group B was patients receiving oral Mycophenolate Mofetil (n = 61, 18% female) (dose: 800-1200 mg/m2) for at least 12 months. Responders were defined as children off steroids for at least 6 months.
Results: In the CYC group, the proportion of responders was 50% compared to 54% in the MMF group (p = 0.614). The time to first relapse with CYC was 7 months (IQR 5.25–11) versus 7 months (IQR 3.5–12) with MMF (p = 0.092). The incidence relapse rate in CYC group was 1.77 relapses per patient-year compared to 1.295 relapses per patient-year in the MMF group. The difference in relapse rate was significant (-0.474; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.86 relapses/person-year) (p-value = 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed age less than 5 years at the start of medication was a significant factor in showing a better response with MMF (p-value =0.039, OR = 2.988, CI -1.055-8.468).
Conclusions: The efficacy of MMF was similar to CYC in terms of response (off steroid for 6 months) in children with FR/SD nephrotic syndrome. Whereas MMF showed a favorable response in the frequency of relapses, treatment failure.
Trial registration at Clinical Trials Registry of India: (http://ctri.nic.in;CTRI/2021/06/034421) (Dt: 28/06/2021)
5-Fluorouracil and Rumex obtusifolius extract combination trigger A549 cancer cell apoptosis: Uncovering PI3K/Akt inhibition by in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Ginovyan Mikayel , Javrushyan Hayarpi , Hovhannisyan Svetlana , Nadiryan Edita , Sevoyan Gohar , Harutyunyan Tigran , Gevorgyan Smbat , Karabekian Zaruhi , Maloyan Alina , Avtandilyan Nikolay
Published: April 2024

In this study, the objective was to explore novel strategies for improving the efficacy of anticancer therapy. The focus was on investigating the antiproliferative effects of combining Rumex obtusifolius extract (RO) with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in non-small A549 lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Key factors such as the PI3K/Akt cell signaling system, cytokines, growth factors (TNFa, VEGFa), and enzymes (Arginase, NOS, COX-2, MMP-2) were analyzed to assess the impact of the combination treatment. Results revealed that the combined treatment of 5-FU and RO demonstrated a significant reduction in TNFa levels, comparable to the effect observed with RO alone. RO was found to modulate the PI3K/Akt pathway, influencing the phosphorylated and total amounts of these proteins during the combined treatment. Notably, COX-2, a key player in inflammatory processes, substantially decreased with the combination treatment. Caspase-3 activity, indicative of apoptosis, increased by 1.8 times in the combined treatment compared to separate treatments. In addition, in silico analyses explored the binding affinities and interactions of RO's major phytochemicals with intracellular targets, revealing a high affinity for PI3K and Akt. These findings suggest that the combined treatment induces apoptosis in A549 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Urban expansion and climate change in the Federal District of Brazil
Authors: Werneck Daniela Rocha , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos , Celuppi Maria Cristina , GOBO João Paulo Assis
Published: April 2024

Brazil has made a voluntary commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as part of the National Policy on Climate Change, but adaptation and mitigation measures for urban areas to promote climate resilience are still lacking. In this context, this article aims to explore the urban thermal environment of Brasília, Brazil. The city was inaugurated in 1960 and its Plano Piloto is a UNESCO World Heritage Site designed by Lucio Costa based on the principles of the modernist movement. In order to evaluate the intra-urban distribution of surface temperature and vegetation, satellite images and remote sensing techniques were used to generate thematic maps. From this information, an exploratory analysis of spatial data was performed to identify clusters where the surface temperature has positive, negative or null autocorrelation. The results of the Moran indices pointed to the spatial dependence of the surface temperature, independent of the variability of the climatic seasons. Observing the urban fabric, the trend towards higher surface temperature values is associated with morphological characteristics such as soil occupation rate, absence of vegetation and shade and predominantly waterproofed surfaces.
Prevalence of malaria among COVID-19 suspected cases in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Charles-Amaza Rahab , Jimoh Olanrewaju , Balogun Muhammad S. , Bala Hashim A. , Adeke Azuka S. , Olayinka Adebola
Published: April 2024

Malaria and COVID-19 share some symptoms. Therefore, diagnosing these diseases clinically might be misleading, especially during an epidemic response. We determined the prevalence of malaria among COVID-19 suspected cases in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. This study was conducted in five selected health facilities in Abuja, with participation of 254 febrile patients attending COVID-19 screening centres in those facilities. Each subject was interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Samples were collected for malaria and COVID-19 testing. Descriptive statistical analysis was done and included means, standard deviations, and proportions. Results were presented in form of tables and figures. There were 254 participants with median age of 34 years (range: 18–80). The age group, 30–49 years had the highest representation among the participants (55.1%). Majority were females (53.1%), with tertiary education (66.9%), were businessmen/women (37.4%) and civil servants (24.8%). More than half of participants were married (54%). Only 2% tested positive for malaria, and 1.2% for COVID-19. No participant presented with co-infection. The prevalence of COVID-19 among patients presenting themselves for COVID-19 testing was low while the prevalence of malaria was also low. There is still a need to test all suspected cases of COVID-19 that present in a testing centre for malaria.
The national and sub-national patterns of age of menopause and its associated factors: An experience from Iran STEPS Survey 2021
Authors: Djalalinia Shirin , Farzi Yosef , Almasi Golaleh , Azadnajafabad Sina , Ahmadi Naser , Rezaei Nazila , Kazemi Ameneh , Rezaei Negar , Dilmaghani-Marand Arezou , Yoosefi Moein , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Ghasemi Erfan , Golestani Ali , Abdolhamidi Elham , Nasserinejad Maryam , Hajebi Amirali , Haghshenas Rosa , Fateh Sahar Mohammadi , BSc Kamyar Rezaee , Derouei Arefeh Alipour , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Dastjerdi Marziyeh Vahid , Larijani Bagher , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: April 2024

Background: Menopause as an important health issue needs special attention and planning to provide extensive services and interventional programs to manage the complications and adverse health consequences. Benefiting from a national and sub-national representative sample, the present study aimed to estimate the distribution of age of menopause and its associated factors in Iranian women.
Methods: Present investigation was a part of the national survey of non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS 2021) in Iran. Through a systematic random sampling, under safety considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic, of the 28,520 adults who were found to be in included in the survey, 27,874 participants completed the questionnaires (step 1), 27,745 individuals were anthropometrically measured (step 2), and 18,119 individuals completed laboratory evaluation (step 3). Present study included 13291 females who had non-missing menopause values.
Menopause before the age of 45 years is considered "early menopause". Theovarian failure/surgical removal of the ovaries before the age of 40 years as; "premature ovarian insufficiency". The others group were; normal (40-50), and late (55 ≤) menopause.
Results: In 2021, 28.58% (95% CI: 27.67, 29.48) of 25≤ year-old Iranian women were menopause. In adult menopause, the prevalence of early menopause was 4.55% (3.88,5.22) and 11.63% (10.64,12.63) had late menopause. Based on the sub-national distribution of age of menopause; early menopause was the dominant pattern in the most of eastern provinces. The low physical activity, significantly decreased the age-adjusted Odds ratio of menopause (p< 0.05). The current smoking and hookah consumption, as well as the history of continuous smoking, were significantly associated to the decreasing in age-adjusted OR of the age of menopause (p< 0.05). These significant association also detected in widow marriage status participants; women with public sector employment and who had more than 12 years of schooling (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of present study could be used for promotion of health planning and interventions at national and sub-national levels. Special attentions need for early monitoring of women with a family history of early menopause, especially, who have life style risk factors. Consequently, special attention should be considered to probable factors confounding menopause age among Iranian women.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecosystem Service Value Functions in Response to Landscape Fragmentation in Boma-Gambella Trans-Boundary Landscape, Southwest Ethiopia and Eastern South Sudan
Authors: Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Getahun Azemir Berhanu , Dagnew Amare Bantider
Published: April 2024

Landscape fragmentation plays a crucial role in determining ecosystem service value functions of landscapes. Understanding the relationship between landscape fragmentation and ecosystem services in areas subjected to environmental vulnerability and biodiversity degradation due to anthropogenic and biophysical drivers is a key for improving ecosystem service functions and their sustainability. The study aims to investigate the Spatio-Temporal dynamics of ecosystem service values functions in response to landscape fragmentation in Boma-Gambella Trans-boundary Landscape, Southwest Ethiopia and East South Sudan. The study applied ArcGIS 10.7, FRGSTAT 4.2 and Benefit Transfer Approach to understand the effect of landscape fragmentation on spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem service value functions. The findings indicate that ecosystem service value functions are negatively associated with the increasing fragmentation of the landscapes into core, perforated, edge, and patch areas. The ArcGIS 10.7 results of the transition matrix confirm that a total of 20321.9 million ha of forest land has been converted to other land use land cover types. The results of FRAGSTAT 4.2 reveal that the core areas of the landscape in particular has been changed from 1.95 million ha in 2009 to 0.88 million ha in 2020. These changes and fragmentation result spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem service value functions of the landscape. The results reveal that there were a total of 627.65 million $US ha− 1year− 1 ecosystem service value function change between 2009 & 2020. The results of the study also reveal that regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural service value functions of the forest land decreased at a net change of 198.05 Million $US ha− 1year− 1, with annual rate of decreasing change (18.0 Million $US ha− 1year− 1) from 2009 t0 2020. Moreover, regulating service value functions of the forest land significantly decreased with a net change of 127.65 Million $US ha− 1year− 1) at annual decreasing rate of change (11.6 Million $US ha− 1year− 1) from 2009 to 2020, indicating a higher susceptibility of the forest land to external factors which have been induced by agricultural land and settlement area expansion. The study, therefore, highlights need for understanding landscape fragmentation impact on ecosystem service value functions and the need to promote conservation and restoration of ecosystem services. The study recommends further investigations using high-resolution satellite imagery; detailed field surveys on the effects of landscape fragmentation on ecosystem service value functions; and facilitate conservation and restoration actions for sustainable utilization of the landscape's biodiversity and ecosystem services at various scales in similar biophysical settings as Boma- Gambella Trans-Boundary Landscape.
Luna Crater: India’s fourth Impact Crater in Rann of Kutch, Gujarat?
Authors: Basu Debdatta , Raychaudhuri Debjani
Published: April 2024

The Luna crater is a near-circular proposed impact structure within the low-lying, flat terrain of unconsolidated Holocene sediments of the Banni Plains of the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Detailed petrography including study of BSE images of thin sections of numerous iron-rich, glassy, vesicular impact melt fragments collected from the Luna crater, revealed an internal texture of dendritic iron oxides associated with high-reflectance metallic particles (pure Fe metal/Fe-Ni/alloys) within an amorphous glassy mixed composition silicate groundmass. The presence of the central depression, iron oxide dendrites, Fe-Ni metal, lechatelierite and the anomalous occurrence of siderophile impactor relevant elements Ni, Cr and PGE’s (Ru, Pd, Ir and Pt values of 92,5,22 and 8 ppb) in Quaternary sediments and the textural similarity of melt fragments with spherules/melts from several impact craters, are considered to be evidence for an impact origin of Luna Structure.
Modified Arthroscopic Repair of a Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fracture Improves IKDC and Lysholm Score Compared to Open Reduction
Authors: Li Xingxing , Ma Qiming , Zheng Quan , Dou Qiangbing , Zhou Liang , Sun Liangye , Shao Song , Wang Qiwei
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the difference between arthroscopic fixation and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial avulsion fractures.
Methods: This retrospective study analysed patients with an acute PCL tibial avulsion fracture who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital and follow-up for at least 24 months. Variables based on sex, age, Meyers-McKeever type, surgical method, meniscus tear, external fixation, labour or sports, Lysholm knee score, IKDC score, and KT-1000 value were also recorded. Multifactor unconditional logistic regression and Student’s t test with 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to remove confounding factors were used for analysis.
Results: Sixty-five cases achieved knee function graded as “good” or better, and 9 cases not. Single-factor analysis indicated that Meyers-McKeever type (c2=4.669, P=0.031) and surgical approach (c2=9.428, P=0.002) are related to functional outcomes. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis further confirmed that Meyers-McKeever typing (OR=10.763, P=0.036, [95% CI, 1.174-98.693]) and surgical approach (OR=9.274, P=0.008, [95% CI, 1.794-47.934]) are independent risk factors affecting prognosis. In addition, PSM verified significant differences in the Lysholm score (t=3.195, P=0.006), IKDC score (t=4.703, P=0.000) and A-KT/H-KT (t=2.859, P=0.012). However, the affected-side KT-1000 value (A-KT, mm, t=1.225, P=0.239) and healthy-side KT-1000 value (H-KT, mm, t=1.436, P=0.172) did not significantly differ between the two groups. The proportions of cases in which the Lysholm score, IKDC and A-KT/H-KT exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were 62.5% (20/32), 62.5% (20/32) and 93.75% (30/32), respectively.
Conclusion: Compared with ORIF, an arthroscopic approach for PCL tibial avulsion fractures achieves better results.
Level of evidence: Retrospective cohort study; Level II.
Laparoscopic repeat liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: when should we start it ?
Authors: Chen YiChan , Soong Ruey-Shyang , Chiang Po-Hsing , Chai Shion Wei , Chien Chih-Ying
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevails in Taiwan, primarily attributed to the high incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections with high recurrent rates of 50-70% within five years after initial treatment. When confronted with recurrent HCC, treatment options include salvage liver transplantation, trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), re-hepatectomy, and radio-frequency ablation (RFA). Notably, repeat hepatectomy exhibits superior oncological outcomes compared to alternative approaches. While laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has demonstrated safety and feasibility in primary HCC resection, the persistence of intra-hepatic recurrence necessitates effective interventions. However, repeat liver resection posed challenges, including adhesions from previous surgeries, limited access to recurrent tumors, altered liver structure post-regeneration, difficulties in obtaining hilar control, and compromised liver reserve. The suggestion of laparoscopic approach for recurrent HCC typically based on the surgeons’ experience and confidence.
Patients and methods:
We retrospectively review our collective experience spanning January 2009 to December 2021, encompassing 57 patients with recurrent HCC. Among them, 37 patients underwent laparoscopic approaches, while 20 patients opted for traditional procedures.
Results:
Notably, both groups exhibited similar operative times and perioperative outcomes, with significantly reduced hospital stays observed in the laparoscopic cohort (median: 5 vs 7, p<0.001). The introduction of laparoscopic techniques also sparked a strategy shifting in our surgical approach to recurrent HCC.
Conclusion:
Our manuscript aims to delineate a stepwise approach for navigating the challenges inherent in repeat operations, elucidating techniques for peritoneal cavity entry, meticulous adhesiolysis, effective Pringle maneuver application, tumor identification, and pertinent insights into perioperative outcomes. Under the stepwise approach, laparoscopic repeat liver resection can be performed safely and effectively with low incidence of conversion in a mature surgical team. This treatment choice should be offered to the patient in a mature surgical team of minimal invasive liver resection.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Tong , Aimaijiang Gulizere , Zhang Yu , Zheng Yi
Published: April 2024

Background: The issue of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may serve as proxy marker for the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unresolved. This meta-analysis aims to investigate and provide insights into this issue.
Methods: We looked up potentially related articles in the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Embase up to December 2022. The correlation of PLR with progression free surviva(PFS) and overall survival（OS）were evaluated by Hazard ratios(HRS) and 95% confidence intervals(CIS). The heterogeneity of the different PLR groups and their potential predictive value in OS and PFS was measured through subgroup analysis.
Results: Ten studies were included in our study, which involving 1590 patients with advanced HCC who were received treatment with ICIs. In summary, the meta-analysis demonstrated that a significant correlation between high PLR and adverse OS,as well as PFS. The combination of these findings suggests that high PLR may adversely affect the effectiveness of cancer patients treated with ICIs. Patients who had a high PLR had a significant reduction in OS and PFS compared to a population with a low PLR. Sensitivity analysis showed similar results.
Conclusion: Overall, the advanced HCC patients with low PLR who were treated with ICIs, had better OS and PFS. PLR can predict the outcome of treatment with ICIs in patients with advanced HCC.
Cryopreservation and transplantation of spermatogonia stem cells in piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes: Characidae), an endangered fish species
Authors: López Lucia Suárez , Monzani Paulo Sérgio , Carvalho Gabriella Braga , Silva Diógenes Henrique Siqueira , Vianna Norberto Castro , Yasui George Shigueki , Senhorini José Augusto
Published: April 2024

Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) is an endangered fish species from the Neotropical region. The establishment of a cryobank using spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and subsequent production of a germline chimera is thus a promising strategy for such species. In the present work, procedures for the isolation and cryopreservation of piracanjuba SSCs and subsequent transplantation into sterile recipients were established. The piracanjuba SSCs were obtained by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and differential plating. SSC fractions were evaluated by relative ddx4 expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and light microscopy. SSC cryopreservation was performed using five cryoprotectants at three different concentrations. The mix of the cells from the 20% and 30% Percoll density gradients showed 58.35 ± 0.03% purity of SSCs. The purity of SSCs increased to 66.00 ± 0.01% after differential plating. The relative ddx4 expression was 3.5 times higher in cells from the Percoll density gradient centrifugation than in the gonad and cells after differential plating. Propanediol (1M) was the most effective cryoprotector evaluated (P = 1.000), showing 90.75 ± 1.85% cell viability. Freshly isolated and cryopreserved cells from the Percoll density gradient centrifugation were transplanted into a sterile male adult triploid hybrid with germ cell-less gonads. SSCs were observed in the germinal epithelium of the testes of recipients 20 days after transplantation. The results are promising for obtaining functional germline chimeras in Neotropical fish. Consequently, the procedures established here can be applied in future actions for the conservation and reconstitution of the piracanjuba in case of extinction.
Arabidopsis AGB1 participates in salinity response through bZIP17-mediated unfolded protein response
Authors: Cho Yueh
Published: April 2024

Background
Plant heterotrimeric G proteins respond to various environmental stresses, including high salinity. It is known that Gβ subunit AGB1 functions in maintaining local and systemic Na+/K+ homeostasis to accommodate ionic toxicity under salt stress. However, whether AGB1 contributes to regulating gene expression for seedling’s survival under high salinity remains unclear.
Results
We showed that AGB1-Venus localized to nuclei when facing excessive salt, and the induction of a set of bZIP17-dependent salt stress-responsive genes was reduced in the agb1mutant. We confirmed both genetic and physical interactions of AGB1 and bZIP17 in plant salinity response by comparing salt responses in the single and double mutants of agb1 and bzip17 and by BiFC assay, respectively. In addition, we show that AGB1 depletion decreases nuclei-localization of transgenic mRFP-bZIP17 under salt stress, as shown in s1p s2p double mutant in the Agrobacteria-mediated transient mRFP-bZIP17 expression in young seedlings.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that AGB1 functions in S1P and/or S2P-mediated proteolytic processing of bZIP17 under salt stress to regulate the induction of salinity-responsive gene expression.
Comparative Analysis of Intra-canal Photodynamic Therapy With Different Photosensitizers on Periapical Healing
Authors: ARI Reyhan Ece , AYDIN Uğur
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Various additional methods, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been used to optimize the success of root canal treatment. This in vivo study aims to evaluate the effect of PDT with different photosensitizers on healing.
Materials and Methods: Seventy single canalled teeth with periapical lesions of 53 patients were included. After biomechanical preparation, they were randomly divided into four groups: control, methylene blue, curcumin, and erythrosine. The photosensitizers were ultrasonically activated for 1 minute after 3 minutes of pre-irradiation time (PIT). Afterward, they were irradiated with a diode laser for 1 minute. Radiographs at baseline, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were taken. Post-operative pain was recorded according to the VAS. The lesion dimensions were measured.
Results: Unlike the control group, there was a significant improvement between the baseline to the 1st month and the 1st month to the 3rd month in the PDT groups. At the twelfth month, mean lesion sizes decreased by 86% in the erythrosine and control groups, while 91% reduction was observed in the methylene blue and curcumin groups.
Conclusion: All lesions healed, but teeth treated with PDT healed faster in the first three months. According to the present results, PDT is an appropriate adjunct to conventional root canal treatment.
Clinical Relevance: The present study is the first in-vivo study including erythrosine-B and natural product such as curcumin in intra-canal photodynamic therapy. It will provide a valuable contribution in canal disinfection concept as an adjunct to routine irrigation.
Social Environment Related to Opportunities for Physical Activity within Different types of Built Environments: A Scoping Review
Authors: Høyer-Kruse Jens , Schmidt Eva Berthelsen , Hansen Anne Faber , Pedersen Marlene Rosager Lund
Published: April 2024

Background
The association between social and built environments plays a crucial role in influencing physical activity levels. However, a thorough understanding of their combined impact remains unclear. This scoping review seeks to clarify the interplay between social environments and opportunities for physical activity within different built environments, with a particular focus on the implications of socioeconomic status and urban planning on physical activity participation.
Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search across several databases to identify studies exploring the associations between social factors, built environment characteristics, and physical activity levels. The inclusion criteria were studies published in English between 2000 and 2022, encompassing urban, suburban, and rural contexts. Thematic analysis was employed to categorise studies based on the specific aspects of the built environment they investigated (walkability, cycling infrastructure, parks and open spaces, and sports facilities) and the social determinants they examined.
Results
A total of 72 studies were included in the review, illustrating a multifaceted relationship between access to physical activity opportunities and social determinants such as socioeconomic status, community engagement, and urban design. The findings highlighted that individuals from higher socioeconomic backgrounds typically enjoyed better access to a broad range of physical activity infrastructures than those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, who encountered greater access barriers. Effective urban planning was identified as crucial in providing expanded physical activity opportunities, notably through more pedestrian-friendly environments, comprehensive cycling infrastructure, and accessible green spaces and sports facilities.
Conclusions
This review emphasises the significant impact of socioeconomic status and urban planning on access to physical activity opportunities. This underscores the necessity for urban planning policies to adopt an inclusive approach, considering the varied needs of different population groups to ensure equitable access to physical activity resources. Such strategies are crucial for public health initiatives aimed at enhancing physical activity levels across diverse community sectors, offering a potential avenue to alleviate health disparities associated with inactivity.
Epidemiology of Motor Vehicle Accident-Associated Ocular Trauma
Authors: Bhatnagar Nishay V. , Uppuluri Aditya , Bhagat Neelakshi , Langer Paul D.
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The objective is to investigate trends in cases of motor vehicle accident-associated (MVA-associated) ocular trauma in which the patient was the driver of the motor vehicle.
Methods
The study utilizes data from the 2007–2014 National Trauma Databank (NTDB), a national trauma registry. Status as the driver of the motor vehicle was identified using E-Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Trauma diagnoses were identified using D-Codes from the ICD-9-CM. Statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Version 23.
Results
We identified 49,660 cases of ocular trauma secondary to an MVA. Men comprised 68.6% (34,057) of cases. Majority of injuries (55.2%) occurred in the 18-40-year age group. Orbital floor fractures (OFFs) were the most commonly observed ocular injury, occurring in 17,647 (35.5%) cases and was highest in the 41-60-year age group (37.4%). There were 2,787 cases of open globe injury (OGI) with the highest proportion of cases in the 81 + age group (7.1%). OGIs were seen in 3.0% of cases with OFFs vs. 7.1% in those without. The mortality rate was 4.3%; the rate was highest in the 81 + age group (13.5%) and lowest in the 18–40 age group (3.3%).
Conclusion
Men and young adults comprised the majority of cases of MVA-associated ocular trauma. OFFs were seen in approximately one-third of cases of ocular trauma. OGIs were less commonly observed when a concurrent OFF was observed. Though the overall mortality was 4.3%, there was significant variation by age group.
Stigma and glume characteristics synergistically determine the stigma exsertion rate in thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat
Authors: Li Hongsheng , Yang Zhonghui , Li Shaoxiang , Elafnah Ahmed , Abdelkhalik Sedhom , Tang Xiong , Yin Jian , Ding Mingliang , Liu Kun , Yang Mujun , Wang Xiue
Published: April 2024

Background: Wheat hybrids have been widely demonstrated to have remarkable heterosis or hybrid vigor in increasing yield potential and stability since the 1960s. However, commercial application of hybrid wheat is still hindered by higher seed costs mostly resulting from lower yield in hybrid seed production. Stigma exsertion has been verified as a decisive factor in increasing rice's hybrid seed yield but has been nearly ignored in hybrid wheat breeding and seed production.
Results: In this study, four thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile lines K41S, K64S, K66S and K68S with different stigma exsertion rate (SER) were used to compare their differences in floral architecture relative to stigma exsertion over two growing seasons. K41S and K64S exhibited relatively higher SER at 21.87% and 22.81%, respectively. No exserted stigma was observed in K66S, and K68S had only 0.82% SER. The study found that stigma length, glume width and the length-width ratio of the glume were significantly correlated with SER, with the correlation coefficients of 0.46, -0.46 and 0.60, respectively. Other stigma features such as branch angle, stretch width and hairbrush length, as well as glume length, also had a weakly positive correlation with SER (r = 0.09-0.27). For K41S and K64S, the SER was significantly affected by the differences in stigma branch angle and stigma stretch width among florets. A cross-pollination survey showed that the outcrossing ability of florets with exserted stigma was about 3 times as many as that of florets with non-exserted stigma. As a result, the stigma exserted florets that accounted for 21.87% and 22.81% of the total florets in K41S and K64S, produced 46.80% and 48.53% of the total cross-pollinated seeds in both sterile lines.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the SER in wheat sterile line is synergistically determined by specific stigma and glume characteristics. Longer stigma combined with slender glume appears to be the basic floral feature of stigma exsertion. It is expected that breeding and utilizing sterile lines with higher SER would be a promising solution to cost-effective hybrid wheat seed production.
The effects of dietary intervention and MAF supplementation on cognitive function in elderly users of outpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Uchiyama-Tanaka Yoko , Yamakage Hajime , Inui Toshio
Published: April 2024

Backgroud: Age, genetic and environmental factors are noted to contribute to dementia risk. Neuroplasticity, protection from degeneration and cell death, and early intervention are desirable for preventing dementia. The linkage between neurons and microglia has been a research focus. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary modification (a reduction in advanced glycation end products [AGEs]) and macrophage activating factor (MAF; a macrophage regulator) supplementation on cognitive function in elderly participants undergoing rehabilitation.
Methods: Forty-three rehabilitation facility users aged over 60 years were randomly divided into three groups: a control group receiving placebo, a group receiving dietary guidance, and a group receiving dietary guidance and MAF supplementation. The amyloid-β40/42 ratio, dietary AGE intake, plasma AGE levels, dietary calorie intake and MCI screen as cognitive functions of participants were evaluated.
Results: Four participants withdrew from the study. MCI screen scores significantly improved in MAF supplementation group especially after 6 months. Dietary modulation was also effective for improving cognitive function after 12 months compared to placebo. Only control group significantly increased plasma AGE and worsened, dietary modulation and MAF supplementation group showed no change after 12 months.
Conclusions: MAF supplementation is effect for improvement of cognitive function especially after 6 months in elderly people with rehabilitation. Dietary modulation was also effective for cognitive function after 12 months compared to control group. Dietary guidance in day-care center rehabilitation was difficult due to conflicts with family members and the use of facilities. However, enthusiastic users showed improvement in cognitive function. In addition to exercise and dietary improvement, social involvement was found to be important again.
Trial registration: UMIN 000050155, 2023/02/14
Perturbation of periodic spot-generation balance leads to diversified pigmentation patterning of harlequin Phalaenopsis orchids: in silico prediction
Authors: Lu Ti-Wen , Chen Wen-Huei , Chen Pao-Yang , Shu Yu-Chen , Chen Hong-Hwa
Published: April 2024

Harlequin Phalaenopsis orchids are known for unprecedented clownish dark reddish-purple patches. The unreproducible diversified pigmentation patterning of harlequin flowers is an obstacle to commercialization. Insertion of a retrotransposon HORT1 in the promoter of a transcription activator for spotted pigmentation, PeMYB11, explains the patterning diversity. Nonetheless, in the absence of solo-LTR of HORT1, a transcriptional enhancer of PeMYB11, purple patches can still be generated in the presence of full-length HORT1, a transcriptional silencer of PeMYB11. Intriguingly, PeMYBx, a repressor for anthocyanin accumulation, is highly enriched in the purple region. Meanwhile, miR858 significantly expresses in the white region of harlequin flowers. To fill the knowledge gap, we refined the biological model for generating anthocyanin spots in Phalaenopsis, and then mathematically modeled the interactions with additional considerations of full-length HORT1 and the solo-LTR of HORT1, and altered amount of miR858. Our simulation suggests that not only the solo-LTR of HORT1 but also the reduced amount of miR858 take charge of the generation of purple patches but in an antagonistic manner. Our work extends the current understanding of how HORT1 and miR858 are involved in regulating the pigmentation patterning of harlequin Phalaenopsis and provides an experimental framework for future research.
Comprehensive Analysis of Recurrence Factors in Cryoballoon AF Ablation: Integrating Clinical, Biomarkers, and Echocardiographic Parameters
Authors: SOYSAL Ali Ugur , GULFIDAN Asli , RAIMOGLOU Damla , ATICI Adem , YALMAN Hakan , Kucur Mine , ONDER Sukriye Ebru , DURMAZ Eser , IKITIMUR Baris , YALIN Kivanc
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses substantial challenges in cardiovascular diseases, impacting patient health and economic burden. Understanding the mechanical effects of AF on the left atrium (LA) and assessing the influence of treatment modalities on LA functions are critical. This study aims to assess the efficacy of echocardiographic and biochemical parameters in predicting AF recurrence following second generation cryoballoon ablation (CB-2).
Methods:
Ninety-two patients with symptomatic AF, treated with CB-2 at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, were prospectively examined from January 2021 to July 2023. The study endeavors to develop a predictive model for AF recurrence, investigating the relationship between echocardiographic measurements and serum biomarkers with recurrence. The follow-up duration for echocardiographic assessments and biochemical analyses was systematically documented.
Results:
The study revealed a significant enhancement in LA mechanical functions during echocardiographic follow-ups three months post-procedure. Specifically, LA strain parameters emerged as significant predictors of recurrence (LAsr: 95%CI 1.004–1.246, p=0.047; LAsct: 95%CI 1.040–1.750, p=0.024). Biochemical analyses demonstrated a correlation between elevated PRO-BNP levels and an increased risk of recurrence (95%CI 1.000–1.003, p=0.012). Moreover, specific biomarkers such as MYBPHL, which demonstrated increased levels post-procedure, were deemed indicative of atrial damage, suggesting potential additional atrial substrate modification beyond PVI. Consequently, improvements in LA function post-cryoballoon ablation and biochemical markers have surfaced as potential indicators for predicting AF recurrence.
Conclusion:
This study elucidates the effectiveness of CB-2 in treating AF and its impact on LA functions. Notably, LA strain measurements and PRO-BNP levels have emerged as reliable indicators for predicting recurrence. Beyond clinical implications, our research establishes a foundation for a deeper understanding of the role of CB-2 in AF management and factors associated with recurrence.
Enablers and Barriers to Preconception Diet: A Mixed Method Study with Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Kandel Pragya , Lim Siew , Dever Michelle , Lamichhane Prabhat , Skouteris Helen , Currie Sinead , Hill Briony
Published: April 2024

Background: A healthy diet before conception (preconception) diet is associated with enhanced maternal health, improved cardiometabolic outcomes, reduced risk of pregnancy complications, and effective weight management. Yet, women of reproductive age frequently exhibit suboptimal dietary behaviours before conception. We aimed to investigate the enablers and barriers related to preconception diet among women of reproductive age.
Methods: Using sequential explanatory mixed methods, an online cross-sectional quantitative survey was followed by online qualitative interviews with women of reproductive age (18-45 years). Survey measures included the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ), and a pilot-tested new measure, the Preconception Diet Enablers and Barriers Scale (PDEBS) to evaluate barriers and enablers to diet. Linear logistic regression analysed the relationship between Australian Recommended Food Score
(AFRS) and barriers/enablers. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand the reasons behind women’s (non)engagement in healthy dietary habits. A weaving approach, use of joint-display, and the Capability Opportunity Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model were used to integrate and present the data.
Results: Seven hundred and eighty-eight non-pregnant women (mean [M] age 32.08 years, SD = 7.31) residing in Australia, India, and the US completed the survey. Qualitative interviews (M duration = 30 mins) were conducted with 13 women based in Australia. Women's capability to maintain a healthy preconception diet was influenced by their level of knowledge and awareness of its significance. Opportunities for a healthy preconception diet were shaped by social support, time availability, financial resources, and accessibility. Additionally, motivation to adhere to a healthful preconception diet was influenced by beliefs regarding its potential outcomes, alignment with personal goals, and emotional state.
Conclusion: Our findings advance understanding of the determinants influencing preconception dietary behaviours and provide valuable insights for designing effective interventions to promote healthy preconception dietary habits. By addressing the identified enablers and barriers comprehensively, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers can work together to support women in adopting and maintaining healthy preconception dietary behaviours, ultimately improving maternal and child health outcomes.