bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological, Processing and Nutritional Aspects of Banana and Plantain: A Review
Authors: K Prasad
Published: August 2023

Banana is an excellent nutrient source, grown mainly in tropical and subtropical humid regions and the fruits are available throughout the year. Dessert bananas are primarily consumed fresh or used in several desserts when completely ripe, while plantains are culinary bananas, which are utilized for cooking purposes. Consumers frequently choose one type over another depending on the quality preference. Both banana and plantain belong to the genus musa. Dessert banana is a popular fruit because of its flavor, texture, and high convenience value. Plantains have a high nutritional value since they contain resistant starch, phenolic acids, minerals, and vitamins A and C that benefit human health. Banana is an excellent source of vitamin B6. The positive health benefits of bananas in reducing and treating disease conditions such as ulcers, infections, diabetes, diarrhea, and colitis have recently sparked a research interest in its utilization. Technological aspects of various common processed products of banana such as puree, jam, chips, flour, starch, juice, and wine are covered under the present review. Banana being the highest biomass generating fruit crop also yield substantial amount of waste during the growth and after harvesting of fruits. The aspects of possible and effective utilization into various byproducts are emphasized. Considering the facts of the covered global scenario of banana production and productivity, with the help of little efforts may assist in solving global hunger problem to a significant extent.
Tailored Dietary Plan to Sustain Healthy Lifestyle of Adults with Restrained Mobility
Authors: Khawandanah Jomana
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Globesity - the epidemic of obesity - contributes significantly to NCDs, the impairment of cognition and memory, reduction in quality of life and increased health-care costs. Changes in dietary patterns (i.e., chronic excess intake) aligned with physical inactivity (reduced energy expenditure) increase the positive energy balance and fuel the obesity prevalence. As prevention is better than cure, hence formulating a diet plan associated with regular physical activity regimen may offer a sustainable healthy lifestyle to adults with restrained mobility. Methods: This article portrays the cognitive-behavioural therapy for obesity together with the role of common nutraceuticals, phytochemicals that regulate hormonal levels to achieve optimum health. Results: The outlined nutritional interventions that obese individuals may adapt have been considered to modulate the utilisation of nutrients and impact major physiological processes. Nonetheless, responsibility of tackling obesity rests with individuals and their own practices and actions. Conclusion: Governments should recognize that they have important roles to play in addressing the obesity epidemic such as investments in resources and recreational facilities like parks to sensitize the public regarding the importance of physical exercise and healthy diets. With the help of different stakeholders executing their responsibilities, the globe will certainly make faster progress in its ‘war’ against obesity and sedentary lifestyles.
Effects of Wafer Addition on Fermentation Properties, Aerobic Stability and Feed Value of Alfalfa Silages
Authors: S Soycan Önenç
Published: August 2023

This study was planned to determine the effects of waste wafer addition on fermentation, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Experimental groups consisted of the G20:20 g kg-1 wafer, G30:30 g kg-1 wafer, G40:40 g kg-1 wafer, G50:50 g kg-1 wafer, and the control (CONT) group without any additives. The wafer was added to 1 kg of wilting alfalfa. Except for the G20 group, the addition of wafers increased the amount of crude protein (CP) and decreased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P<0.01). While lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased in the wafer groups compared to the control group (P<0.01), yeast counts also increased. Adding wafers increased the relative feed value (RFV) of alfalfa silages, the amount of organic matter dissolved in the enzyme, and the MEESOM content. The study concluded that high-quality alfalfa silages could be made by adding wafers to alfalfa with low water-soluble carbohydrate content in regions where the food industry is dense.
SDG 2 - Zeros Hunger & Nut and Cereal Bars Enriched with Tenebrio Molitor Flour
Authors: NSPS Richards
Published: August 2023

The increase in world population will be accompanied by the need to increase food production, especially protein foods. In the way we produce food today, we are moving towards an increase in areas destined for production, land, and water depletion, and greater greenhouse gas emissions, among other worrying situations. However, if we do not achieve this increase in production, the world will be more susceptible to hunger. An alternative to mitigate this problem is to encourage anthropoentomophagy, that is, to produce insects and develop new foods using edible insects. The production of insects for human consumption can be an important step towards circular agriculture, minimizing the use of land, water, and climate change, increasing efficiency in protein conversion, as well as promoting food security, thus contributing to the SDGs, especially SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This work aimed to develop five formulations of oleaginous and cereal bars, one control and four with added Tenebrio molitor flour, and sensory analysis. The results of the microbiological analysis showed the absence of pathogenic microorganisms and molds, and yeasts below the value stipulated by Brazilian legislation. The sensory analysis proved that in addition to being possible to produce a product with insect flour, the bars containing T. molitor flour had higher acceptance rates than the control bar (without insect flour), between 73.71% to 77.14%).
Functional Foods: Bridging Health and Food
Authors: AA Dinçay
Published: August 2023

The primary task of a healthy diet is to meet metabolic needs and provide enough energy and nutrients for the body to work. However, consumers who have changed their production and consumption motifs in recent years. They have begun to take preventive measures against diseases as well as seek solutions to health problems with the aim of having a healthy and quality life. Functional food consumption also emerges as one of the measures taken by today’s more conscious consumers. Various food and food ingredients are known to have beneficial effects on our health, but they have begun to focus more on their biological regulatory roles through the macro- and micro-components they contain. We reviewed the factors that have driven the functional food development. Morever, lots of research is required to further understand the molecular benefits of food additives and ingredients that are used for food itself or for food enrichment. New strategies become imperative to improve the health and nutritional profile of functional foods and reducing the effects on the environment.
Formulation and Evaluation of Complementary Foods for Children from Six to Twenty-four Months Prepared from Potential Locally Available Foodstuffs in Tubah Sub Division of Cameroon
Authors: DV Harouna
Published: August 2023

The present research work aimed at formulating complementary foods (weaning foods) base on the protein content of the locally used staple foods by the families in Tubah Subdivision of the North- West Region of Cameroon as well as analysing their nutritional content and sensory properties. A face to face interview with the help of a pre-prepared questionnaire was used to survey the locally used foodstuffs in Tubah Subdivision. The proximate composition of the various foodstuffs and the formula were carried out by the AOAC methods. The hedonic point methods were used for the sensory evaluation of the final products. Maize, Rice, Soyabeans and Irish potatoes were the main food ingredient used in the preparation of children’s food. Based on this main ingredients and their protein content, three complementary foods were formulated (F1, F2, F3). The three formulas had more nutritional properties as compared to a control (Nestle cerelac). The sensory qualities of the three formulas were above three (03) on the five (5) point hedonic scale. Therefore, the foodstuffs used in the Tubah Subdivision are good ingredient for the formulation of a good, nutritious complementary food with good qualities.
Combined Serratus Intercostal Fascial Block (SIFB) and Rectus Sheath Block (RSB) for Chest Wall Fracture
Authors: A Chandrashekar
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Rib fractures are common in patients presenting chest trauma and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional pain management options for rib fractures include thoracic epidural and/or paravertebral blocks. However, novel regional anesthesia techniques have been demonstrated to improve pain scores and aid patient recovery. We describe the application of a combined Serratus-Intercostal Fascial (SIFB) and Rectus Sheath (RS) nerve blocks to provide analgesia for a patient with lower anterior and lateral rib fractures. Clinical Features: To perform the combined block, an 18-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted deep to the rectus sheath muscle above the transversus muscle with obvious spread of local anesthetic superficial to the posterior rectus sheath where 10mls of 0.375% bupivacaine was injected. The needle continued laterally under the external oblique until it was positioned deep to the left serratus anterior muscle where an additional 15ml was injected. In both blocks, CPNB catheters were inserted beyond the end of the Tuohy needles. On postoperative day 2, the patient reported no pain in his anterior chest and abdomen with improved inspiratory capacity and was able to ambulate. After postoperative day 7 the patient no longer required his oral scheduled opioids and continued to report no chest pain. Conclusion: A combined SIFB and RS block using a single-incision was effective in providing analgesia while being less invasive and providing more control over potential infection sites. The technique also allows for lower dosage of anesthetics which can be relevant in other clinical settings.
A Potential Role of Hematologic Abnormalities as Prognostic Markers an Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Authors: SH Rizk
Published: August 2023

Infective Endocarditis is a highly morbid disease whose diagnosis is largely based on the modified Duke Criteria. These criteria are mainly developed by expert opinion due to the low incidence of the disease, the low number of randomized trials, and the limited number of me-ta-analyses, making the evidence of their recommendations relatively low with major gaps. A prompt diagnosis of IE is crucial to avoid serious complications. However, the great clinical variability and non-specific manifestations, constitute diagnostic challenges. Hematologic abnormalities, especially anemia are frequently associated with IE. However, they have not been widely explored as potential diagnostic and prognostic parameters in IE patients. In this article, we explored the common hematologic abnormalities in IE patients and the available evidence of the impact of their changes on diagnosis and risk stratification in these patients.
The Use of Coenzyme Q10 in Hypertension: An Educational Article and Expert Opinion
Authors: AJ Al-Mosawi
Published: August 2023

Dietary health supplements have been increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. Coenzyme Q10 is a dietary health supplement that has been reported to have an anti-oxidant property as early as the 1966 .The aim of this paper is to review coenzyme Q10 research findings relevant to its use in hypertension. Expert opinion The current evidence-base expert opinion suggests the coenzyme Q10 can used as anti-hypotensive agent in early hypertensive disease and in mild hypertension without significant irreversible vascular changes and also in isolated systolic hypertension.
Secrete and Exude-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour
Authors: A Bajaj
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour is derived from neuroendocrine cells of pancreas or hormone secreting cells within vicinity of pancreas and is categorized into indolent well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (WDNET) and the aggressive, rapidly progressive poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma(PDNEC). Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour (WDNET) demonstrates inactivation of MEN1, genetic mutation or loss of DAXX / ATRX, altered mTOR pathway, incrimination of PTEN, TSC2, PIK3CA genes with alteration of VHL. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed neuroendocrine / non neuroendocrine neoplasm delineates alterations within TP53, RB, KRAS, APC, BRAF or SMAD4 / DPC4 genes. Neuroendocrine tumour delineates an organoid architecture with solid nests, trabeculae, gyri, cords, festoons, ribbons, glandular, pseudoacinar or tubulo-acinar articulations. Miniature to intermediate tumour cells are permeated with eosinophilic, amphophilic, finely granular cytoplasm, centric, spherical to elliptical, uniform nuclei with finely stippled ‘salt and pepper’ nuclear chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and an abundant circumscribing vascular network. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour is immune reactive to CK8 / CK18, CAM 5.2, OSCAR, AE1 / AE3, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, INSM1, CD56, neuron specific enolase (NSE) or CD57. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour pancreas requires segregation from neoplasms such as acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, paraganglioma, clear cell tumours as clear cell sarcoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, PEComa or solid variant of serous cystadenoma. Comprehensive surgical eradication is recommended for treating well differentiated neuroendocrine tumour. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumour is appropriately treated with platinum based chemotherapy.
Elderly Friendly Exercises: A PRISMA-Guided Review of the Literature to Enable Awareness of Exercise that are Recommended for Elderly
Authors: A Khan
Published: August 2023

In the current era, the population is getting old at a fast speed. According to the World Health Organization, the share of the population aged 65 and over has increased from 6 percent in 1990 to 9 percent in 2019. According to projections, the proportion of people over 65 years of age will increase to 16 percent by 2050, making one in six people worldwide senior citizens. Based on WHO data, these numbers were compiled. Within a few years, this number will double, resulting in a massive increase in the amount of elderly. With an increasing population of elderly people, society is more likely to need to provide care for them. In order for them to stay in nursing homes for the rest of their lives, they will have to spend a lot of money. Can fitness be a part of a healthy lifestyle if people start doing it when they are adults or even when they are getting older and older? It occurs to us that this may be of assistance to them. Using a survey of research, we will examine what researchers recommend for elderly exercise groups. The PRISMA format was followed initially, where some specific topics were selected, and based on some limitations on results and demographics of articles, the number of papers was narrowed down, which will be discussed in the methodology section.
Curing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Severe Aplastic Anemia with an Allogeneic Transplant: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: D Gomez-Almaguer
Published: August 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect many organs, including the bone marrow. Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare but serious complication of this condition. Patients with AA secondary to SLE are usually treated with immunosuppression but less is known about hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a therapeutic option. We present the case of a 22-year-old Latin-American woman with a known diagnosis of SLE referred to our center due to pancytopenia. She presented joint pain, fatigue, oral ulcers, a non-scarring alopecia, and anemic syndrome. A diagnostic workup revealed severe aplastic anemia (sAA). She received immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids, cyclosporine, danazol, and rituximab, which led to a transient partial response. An outpatient HLA-matched related allogeneic HSCT was performed. She received 5.9 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg after conditioning with high-dose cyclophosphamide plus fludarabine and anti-thymocyte globulin. She achieved a complete response and continues in remission with no signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or SLE activity at 38 months of follow-up. Even though allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is not defined as a first-line treatment for severe AA in SLE, the procedure resulted in the complete remission of both related autoimmune diseases in this patient.
Prevalence and Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato
Authors: Sood Deepika , Sharma Amit , Sharma Monica
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out during 2017 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The objective of the study was to understand the prevalence of bacterial wilt of tomato as influenced by the edaphic factors. Periodic survey were undertaken during the crop season in major tomato growing regions and incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato ranged from 10.00% to 84.02%. 20 days old tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial suspension (3x108 cfu/ml) either through root dip or drenching and kept in green house with temperature 30+2°C. Inoculation of bacterial pathogen R. solanacearum in through seedling root dip in bacterial suspension was found better compared to drench application for development of typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease. There was 100% disease incidence with seedling root dip method compared to 68.74% disease incidence with drenching of bacterial suspension in soil. Epidemiological studies of R. solanacearum revealed that with the increase in soil moisture from 40% to 90%and soil temperature from 25° to 35°, there was a progressive increase in disease incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato seedlings. Maximum disease incidence was observed at 30–35°C and at 90% soil moisture. However, no disease was observed at 20°C and at 20% and 30% soil moisture. The finding on epidemiology from the present study will be helpful to design effective disease management strategy.
Impact of Spent Mushroom Substrate Enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on Damping off Disease in Chilli and Tomato
Authors: Kumar Satish , Chugh Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with T. harzianum on pre-emergency damping off (PED) and post-emergence damping off (POED) in chilli and tomato seedlings in nursery beds containing naturally infested soil with Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in the experimental field area of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU Hisar during 2018-19, 2019-20and 2020-21.The observations on disease incidence (%) were recorded up to 30 days after germination.  A control without soil amendment was also maintained. The maximum damping off was at 22.5, 23.4 and 22.9% in controland minimum at 15.7, 15.8 and 16.6% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in chilliwhen SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of damping off disease incidence was minimum at 16.0% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 22.9% in control. The maximum damping off was at 18.1, 19.4 and 18.7% in control and minimum at 12.2, 12.6 and 14.8% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in tomato when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of disease incidence (%) was minimum at 13.2% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 18.7% in control.
Paclobutrazole, NAA and GA3 Effects on Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning of Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Authors: Shekhada Raxit R. , Macwan Sunil J. , Singh T. Amarjeet
Published: August 2023

Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant which possesses many medicinal applications. Looking to the importance of plant growth regulators one study was carried out on the influence of foliar spraying treatments in the yield of Kariyatu. Different treatments which includes NAA (50,100 and 200 mg l-1) , GA3 (50,100 and 200 mg l-1)  and Paclobutrazol (50,100 and 200 mg l-1) with one as control  were considered as foliar application at 30 days after transplanting. Experimental results indicated  leaf, shoot  and total  dry matter increased in all the treatments progressivelly upto harvest but root-shoot ratio decreased with increase crop growth stage that means high proportion of shoot is increases. Leaf area duration was increased progressively up to 75–105 days after transplanting and thereafter declined while crop growth rate was shown increased up to 45–75 days after transplanting then decreased during the 75–105 days after transplanting which means after reproductive stage to maturity phase of growth, crop growth rate decline. The biomass duration was increased with age of the crop till harvest. Significantly positive effect was reported in GA3100 mg l-1 and lowest result was found in control. The translocation process must have been more prominent in the foliar spraying of GA3 100 mg l-1 than rest of the treatments indicates that photosynthesis and translocation efficiency increases by foliar spraying treatments with growth regulators. GA3 100 mg l-1 is efficient in dry matter production and its partitioning in leaves, stem as compared to other treatments.
Insect Pollinator’s Role in Fruit Setting of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce
Authors: Bhatnagar Shiwani , Khan Ameen Ullah , Rathore Lokendra Singh , Sharma Neha
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted in the Ecology Field, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India during 2020-21 to explore the role of insect pollinators in the fruit setting of P. cineraria. For conducting the experiments one of the branches of the selected trees was covered with a mesh bags to exclude floral visitors (pollinator exclusion). The other branch was kept uncovered for the time of the experiment (open pollination).  Our findings revealed that the average fruit set under pollinator exclusion (bagged condition) was nil whereas it was 2.02% in open natural pollination. This study confirms previous studies that P. cineraria is a cross–pollinated species. Also, average moisture content was found to be 10.75 % in seeds and 49.21% average carbohydrate content in pods under open pollination, germination percentage was found to be 71.3% and seedling vigour index was 655.2. Present study also calculated the average seed weight, average seed length, average seed breadth, average seed thickness obtained in above experiment.
Evaluation of Bio-Control Agents against Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Shukla Arti , Gupta Meenu
Published: August 2023

The experiment was carried out in Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during cropping season of May to August in year 2018–2019 to study the efficacy of fungal and bacterial bio-control agents in managing the Fusarium wilt of cucumber. Different fungal and bacterial bio-control agents were thus tested under laboratory conditions for their efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by using dual culture technique and streak plate method, respectively. Among fungal bio-control agents, Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective with 61.08% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum followed by Trichoderma virens with 57.51% mycelial inhibition whereas, among bacterial bio-control agents, maximum mycelial inhibition of 45.69% was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens. During the cropping season, seed, and soil treatment with effective fungal and bacterial bioagents was carried out under field conditions. Seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma harzianum was found effective with disease control of 48.25% followed by Trichoderma virens which is proved to be efficacious with 42% disease control against Fusarium wilt of cucumber.
Response of Sulphur, Zn and FYM Application on Growth, Yield and Nutrient uptake of Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.)
Authors: Patel Sandeep , Sharma P. K. , Shahi S. K. , Tripathi S. K. , Arvind  , Shukla A. K.
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Udai Pratap College (Automous), Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), during rabi season of 2018–2019 in RBD and replicated thrice. The sowing was done on 29th November 2018. The treatments comprised of three Sulphur levels (20, 40 and 60 kg S ha-1), two Zinc levels (2.5 and 5 kg Zn ha-1) under two levels of FYM (0 and 10 t ha-1) with RDF and control. The mustard variety Varuna was used as a test crop. Application of maximum doses of 60 kg S ha-1+5 kg Zn ha-1+10 t FYM ha-1+RDF produced maximum plant height (170.31 cm), number of branches plant-1 (8.08), number of siliqua plant-1 (117.75), grain yield  (855 kg ha-1), straw yield (2480 kg ha-1). whereas control was minimum pronounced, plant height (145.38 cm), number of branch plant-1 (5.25), number of siliqua plant-1 (66.33), grain yield (580 kg ha-1) and straw yield (878 kg ha-1). However, growth parameters, grain yield, stover yield and 1000 grain weight (g) and nutrient uptake increased significantly with increasing dose of Sulphur up to 40 kg and Zn up to 5 kg ha-1.
Comparative Efficiency of Different Weed Management Practices on Economics as well as Nutrient Uptake in Maize
Authors: Kantwa Suman , Jadon C. K. , Ram Baldev , Kantwa S. R. , Tetarwal J. P. , Kantwa S. L. , Yadav L. R. , Yadav R. K.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota), Rajasthan, India during kharif 2019 to find out the most effective herbicide combination for limiting the menace of weeds in maize. Results showed that application of herbicides observed highest net returns, B: C ratio and nutrient uptake. Among herbicides, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i.ha-1 at 20-25 DAS fetched significantly highest net returns of `54984 ha-1 being at par with  atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (`52500 ha-1), over rest of the treatments under investigation. Furthermore, maximum and significantly higher Benefit: cost ratio was obtained in treatment receiving atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (3.42).A weedy crop resulted least nutrient uptake than weed free crop.The highest nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) was recorded under treatment receiving two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS followed by atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS. Treatment two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS being at par with atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + hand weeding at 30 DAS with in situ mulching with weeds, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS, and atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS recorded significantly highest nutrient uptake in grain, stover and total over rest of the treatments under investigation. Minimum nitrogen uptake was obtained under treatment weedy check.Thus, pre-emergence application of atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) followed by topramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS is recommended for highest net returns and nutrient uptake of maize.
Assessment on Seedling Traits of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Mutants Raised during M2 Generation
Authors: Nayak Bhattu Rajesh , Naik K. Srinivas , Padiya Raju , Yugandhar A. , Kumar G. Vijay
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted at department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during September to November, 2021 with the blackgram accession- IC-436524 obtained from NBPGR regional centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India and the check T9 was collected from ICAR-CRIDA Hyderabad. The present study aimed to estimate the mutagenic sensitivity of black gram accession- IC-436524 with Ethyl methane sulfonate. Accordingly, this study checked whether the mutagenic activity has been inherited to the next generation M2. Data analysis has been performed for the determination of significance in germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling vigor index, root length (cm) and seed survival rate (Day 1 to Day 15) that were observed to be highly significant (p<0.01) for above characters except root length (cm) for treatments. It clearly indicated that there was adequate amount of variability among the black gram mutant due to treatments. The collected data for 7th day observed that seed germination percentage was higher at 0.2% and 0.3% EMS treated mutants and lowest germination percentage was observed in 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling length (cm) was recorded highest in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling length (cm) was recorded in control. Maximum seedling vigor index was recorded in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling vigor index was showed for 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling survival rate data was recorded for 15th day showed higher in 0.2% EMS treated mutants. Data showed EMS has induced mutations during M1 generation and inherited to offspring (M2 generation).
Physiological Maturity of Tropical Forest Seeds: A Boon to Improved Harvest and Storage Practice of Recalcitrant Seeds?
Authors: Vidya P. R. , Jose P. A.
Published: August 2023

The fruit harvest at physiological maturity of seeds is a globally accepted practice. This method has been traditionally practiced in horticultural crops where quality seeds and vigorous seedlings are ensured for cultivation of the species. The assessment of seed physiological maturity in the harvest of forest fruits and seeds are seldom practiced as seed physiological and biochemical studies in tropical seeds is little attempted. Since recalcitrant seed behavior among forest species is increasing, maintenance of seed viability and longevity ex situ becoming a challenging task in the forestry sector. Further, seed loss through fruit predation and pest infestation are other handicaps to these species. An improved technology for harvesting, storage and longevity of recalcitrant seeds will be a breakthrough for the germplasm conservation, management and utilization of forest genetic resources. Identification of biochemical factors at physiological maturity of seeds in conjunction with fruit morphological characters considered as optimum harvest practice for recalcitrant forest fruits and seeds. The practice could extend shelf life of recalcitrant seeds and bypass seed loss prior to the conventional harvest practices. This review outlines the research works carried out in seed physiological maturity of crops and its broad scope among recalcitrant forest seeds for long term germplasm storage.
Effect of Integrated Use of Fertilizers, Farm Yard Manure, Green Manure and Zinc on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity and Soil Fertility
Authors: Bharose Ram , Dohare A. P. S. , Babu Umesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Pal Ram Lakhan
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted at the technology farmer field of district Shravasti during Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. The Six treatment viz., control (T1), 100% RDF (T2), 50% RDF+Geen Manure (T3), 100% RDF +Zn (T4), FYM+Green Manure (T5), FYM+ Green Manure +Zn (T6) were replicated in randomized block design in Rice crop variety Rajendra Bhagwati. The data recorded revealed that 100% RDF +Zn increased Number of panicles hill-1, test weight, grain and straw yield. The treatment combination FYM+ Green Manure +Zn was found most effective improving yield and yield attributes. The maximum reduction of pH and maximum availability of O.C, N, P, K, S and zinc in soil was also recorded higher under FYM+ Green Manure +Zn. The nutrients status of soil was improved at higher level of nitrogen and the effect was more noticeable when nitrogen was applied by organic manure.
Effect of Neem Extract on Fungus Inhibition in Toona ciliata M. Roem.
Authors: Thakur R. , Kumar R. , Dutt B. , Sharma D. , Kumar G. , Gupta B. , Heena
Published: August 2023

The increasing human population and continuous demands of timber and its derived products like composite wood, has created a significant pressure on the demand for high quality timber from forests. This, ultimately has resulted in pressurising the natural forests and  increase  in the unvailibility of the production of high quality or durable timber from the forests. The one way to neutralize this pressure on the forests is to modify the other non durable wood species having undesirable properties like hygroscopicity, anisotropy, dimensional instability and biodegradability. Treatment with neem extracts as a biopreservative proves to be very efficient to protect the wood from bacterial or fungal rots. In the present study, wood specimens of Toona ciliata M. Roem. were treated with neem leaf and seed extracts for 72 hours in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%  (w/v), and analyzed for fungal growth and inhibition on dry weight basis using Polyporous rubidus. The fungal growth was maximum in untreated (control) samples whereas, minimum growth was observed in the neem leaf and seed extracts with 2.00% concentration. This method comes to be one of the most eco-friendly processes of wood preservation and helps in utilization of Toon wood in more effective and sustainable way. Also, the minimal release of harmful chemicals in the environment, helps to widen the industrial applications of Toona ciliata wood and make its acceptance to the society with ease.
Effect of Soil Acidity Amelioration on Soil Properties and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Rainfed Condition in Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Tasung Ampee , Kalita Homeswar , Gurung Bishal , Das Shaon Kumar , Chanu Loitongbam Joymati , Angami Thejangulie , Makdoh Badapmain , Touthang Letngam , Hoakip Immanuel Chongboi , Tsomu Thupten
Published: August 2023

Under rainfed conditions yield potential of French bean reduced in the acid soil of Arunachal Pradesh due to low fertility and metal toxicity. Therefore, the current experiment was conducted in ICAR, Basar, Research Farm during rabi season (October–January) of 2018, 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of soil amelioration using organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer on the yield of French bean and important soil properties. The soil amendment treatments i.e., control, vermicompost (Vc), vermicompost+lime (Vc+lime), 50% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer), 50% RDF+lime, 50% RDF+Vc, 75% RDF, 75% RDF+lime, 75% RDF+Vc, 100% RDF were laid in randomized block design with three replications. The doses of vermicompost, lime and RDF were 2.5 t ha-1, 400 kg ha-1 and 50-50-50 NPK kg ha-1. Results showed soil pH recorded maximum and exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable acidity and total acidity recorded minimum in 75%RDF+lime. The soil organic carbon, soil cation exchangeable capacity, soil moisture content and soil available nutrients (N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) recorded maximum and soil bulk density recorded minimum in 75%RDF+Vc. Vermicompost along with 75%RDF was most effective in increasing the yield (4.85 t ha-1). The study indicates soil acidity amelioration using vermicompost and/or lime along with inorganic nutrients reduced soil acidity and improved the soil fertility making the soil environment favorable to achieve an optimum yield of French bean in acid soils of Arunachal Pradesh.
Expression Level of Heat Shock Protein in Blackgram under Elevated Heat Stress
Authors: Partheeban C. , Jaivel N. , Ragupathi K. P. , Kavin R. B. , Prithiviraj K.
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted at Department of Crop Management, Faculty center for Agricultural Education and Research, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India (Latitude 11° 13’N, Longitude 76° 94’ E) from March, 2022 to June, 2022. Proteins play an indispensable role in bodybuilding. Thus, it is necessary to add the protein-rich food in daily diet. Black gram, one of the pulses, is being rich in proteins, which is about 20−25%. Heat is one of major important abiotic stress that affect the growth physiology and ultimately reduces the crop productivity. Heat stress majorly affects the reproductive phase and its leads decline in the yield. Plants can able to develop adaptive response to even mildest heat stress at morphological, physiological and biochemical levels. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the blackgram seedlings under high temperature to identify the expression level of heat shock protein for temperature stress tolerance. Heat tolerant plants develops the rapid phenological and biochemical changes which favors higher production. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the response pattern of blackgram under elevated temperature stress imposed on seedling stage in different genotypes. Six blackgram genotypes VBG-06-002, VBG-06-005, VBG-06-010, VBG-07-001, VBG-10-008 and COBG-759 were taken for this experiment. The protein profile as evidenced by SDS page analysis indicated distinct expression of 40 KDa protein in genotypes VBG-07-001, VBG-06-010, VBN-6 and COBG-11-02 not expressed in VBG-06-002 and COBG-759. This expression of protein maybe an indicative feature of thermo tolerance.
Determinants of Market Information Infrastructure and Arrivals of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) In High Altitude and Tribal (HAT) Zone of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ch. Satish , Kumar K. Nirmal Ravi , Paul K. Solmon Raju , Gopal P. V. Sathya , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: August 2023

Infrastructure facilities on market information are telecommunication systems, computers with internet facilities, adequate working staff and display boards which play significant role in disseminate market information to stakeholders. Market information makes stakeholders to take decision about collection and selling of the forest produce, and it has impact on arrivals of the produce. Present paper deals with the factors influencing infrastructure and arrivals in GCC (Girijan Cooperative Corporation) of HAT zone of Andhra Pradesh. GCC staff and 120 traders were taken for the present study. MLRM (Multiple Linear Regression Model) analysis was employed to study the relationship among both independent and dependent variables. The results of the study indicated that major factors influencing MI infrastructure are quantity of market arrivals of MFP, funds received from GCC significant at 1%, active participation of buyers and sellers significant at 5%.  Factors influencing market arrivals are remunerative prices realized for MFP in GPCMS (Girijan Primary Co–operative Marketing Society) /PPCs (Primary Procurement Centers) (relative to prices prevailing in shandies), prompt payment of sales proceeds are significant at 1%, and timely market information from GPCMS/PPCs, availability of good road facility to GPCMS/PPCs significant at 5%.  Local government should focus on constructing suitable road facilities, conduct awareness programs about value addition units and educate the tribal farmers about importance of MFP.
An Economic Analysis of Cotton Price Forecasting Using ANN in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Reddy G. Raghunadha , Pravallika K. V. S. D. , Gita B. Meher , Reddy M. Chandrasekhar
Published: August 2023

Cotton is essentially produced for its fibre, which is universally used as a textile raw material. Cotton is an important commodity in the world economy. A remunerative price environment for the growers is very important for increasing production. In this context the study on area, production, export, import, supply and demand and their compound growth rates as well as influence on prices of cotton were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and Artificial Neural Network model (ANN). The results showed that, compound growth rate of exports was negative and significant with -2.41 per cent whereas, imports showed a positive and significant growth rate with10.44per cent from 2006-07 to 2021-22. The seasonal indices of cotton arrivals in Andhra Pradesh were highest in the months of January (177.54), December (153.67) and November (146.10) because of holding of previous seasons crop by traders and farmers in anticipation of higher prices. The return on rupee investment was 0.596 which is concerned to tenant farmers and return on variable costs was 0.848 which is mostly related to owner farmers. The lower seasonal indices for cotton prices were observed in the months of December (97.23) and November (101.50). The results of ANN model revealed that, neural network 9-29-1(9 input nodes, 29 hidden nodes, and 1 output) outperformed all other neural networks with lower MAPE (2.904), RMSE (140.59), MAE (90.02), and MASE (0.114) values. It was expected that demand will persist in 2022-23 harvesting season also with a price around Rs. 8269/ q.
Summary: International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport
Authors:   Al Ettifaq Club, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Ribeiro Basil
Published: August 2023

Um novo documento de consenso sobre a Concussão Cerebral Rela¬cionada com o Desporto* (CCRD) foi publicado em junho de 2023 e na sua produção estiveram envolvidos mais de 30 especialistas de 31 países ... Durante três anos e meio realizaram revisões sistemáticas sobre esta temática, tendo-se usado o método de Delphi para a obtenção dos consensos. Para além deste documento de con¬senso, os especialistas produziram outras ferramentas que inclui: Concussion Recognition Tool-6, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-6 (SCAT6, Child SCAT6), Sport Concussion Office Asses¬sment Tool-6 (SCOAT6, Child SCOAT6). ... A anterior Declaração de Consen¬sos da Conferência Internacional, realizada em Berlim, em 2016, sobre a CCRD utilizou a estratégia de descri¬ção dos ‘11 Rs’: RECONHECER, REDU¬ZIR, REMOVER, REFERIR, REAVALIAR, DESCANSAR, REABILITAR, RECU¬PERAR, RETORNAR A APRENDER/ RETORNAR ao DESPORTO, RECONSI¬DERAR e EFEITOS RESIDUAL. A Conferência de Amesterdão introduziu mais três “Rs”: RETIRE (aposentação) para as questões relacionadas com o terminar da carreira desportiva) e REFINAR, para destacar a necessidade de adotar estratégias contínuas para avançar no campo.... A operacionalização da recuperação pós-concussão continua a ser difícil e desconhece-se o modelo de a oti¬mizar. Os autores referem que desde a implementação das estratégias de Return-to-Sport (RTS) que o tempo de paragem desportiva diminuiu em cinco vezes...”
Diversity of Termite Species Based on Building Age in Balik Bukit District, West Lampung – Lampung
Authors: Hasan Moh. Dwi Kurniawan , Tugiyono Tugiyono , Setyaningrum Endah , Indarto Indarto
Published: August 2023

Termites in nature operate as cellulose decomposers, giving vital ecosystem services to nature, but they may also inflict significant damage to building structures. The durability of the wood construction of the building decreases with age, and the possibility of termite infestation increases. This study is a descriptive-analytic study that uses quantitative research methodologies and a cross-sectional research design. The study was carried out between May and July 2022 in Balik Bukit District, West Lampung Regency - Lampung. Building data gathering techniques were used by delivering questionnaires to 100 building owners utilizing accidental sampling techniques. Termites were discovered at the age of the building of more than 26 years, with the finding of four types of termites, namely Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Bulbittermes constrictiformis (Holmgren), Schedorhinortermes mediobcorus (Holmgren), and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann).ABSTRAK: . Rayap di alam bertugas sebagai pengurai bahan selulosa, menyediakan jasa ekosistem yang berharga bagi alam, namun mereka juga dapat menyebabkan sejumlah besar kerusakan pada struktur bangunan. Semakin tua umur bangunan maka keawetan konstruksi kayu yang ada di dalamnya cenderung menurun dan potensi serangan rayap akan semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis deskriptif menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Juli 2022 di Kecamatan Balik Bukit, Kabupaten Lampung Barat – Lampung. Teknik pengumpulan data bangunan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada 100 bangunan. Titik ditemukan rayap adalah pada umur bangunan 26 tahun dengan ditemukannya empat jenis rayap yaitu Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Bulbitermes constrictiformis (Holmgren), Schedorhinortermes mediobcorus (Holmgren), Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)
A Quasi-Experimental Study: The Influence of Web-Enhanced Learning on Student Learning Independence in the Human Movement System
Authors: Nurmuzayyana Nurmuzayyana , Jamilah Jamilah , Ola Rivai Andi Tenri , Rijal Muhammad
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the impact of web-enhanced learning on eighthgrade students' learning independence in the human movement system subject at SMPN Sinjai. Using a nonequivalent control group design, selflearning questionnaires and observation sheets were employed for data collection. Descriptive and inferential analyses included prerequisite tests and independent sample t-tests. Results indicate that students taught with the web-enhanced learning model achieved a high average learning independence score of 124.8, compared to a medium average score of 108.1 for students without this model. The inferential analysis yielded a significance value of tcount 0.000 0.05, supporting the rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1. This finding implies a significant influence of webenhanced learning on students' learning independence.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh web-enhanced learning terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VIII pada mata pelajaran sistem gerak manusia di SMPN Sinjai. Penelitian ini menggunakan non-equivalent control group design, kuesioner kemandiarian belajar, dan lembar observasiuntuk pengumpulan data. Analisis deskriptif dan inferensial dilakukan, termasuk uji prasyarat dan uji t sampel independen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran web-enhanced mencapai skor kemandirian belajar rata-rata 124,8 (kategori tinggi), dibandingkan siswa yang todak diajar dengan model tersebut dengan skor rata-rata 108,1, kategori sedang. Analisis inferensial menghasilkan nilai signifikansi thitung 0,000 0,05, yang berarti H0 ditolakvdan H1 diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari web-enhanced learning terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa.