bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation and Machine Learning Modeling of Wear Characteristics of AZ91 Composites
Authors: Kruthiventi S. S. Harish , Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar
Published: May 2023

This study's primary goal is to examine the effects of wear parameters on the wear-rate (WR) of magnesium (AZ91) composites. The composites are made up of using a stir casting process with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and graphene as reinforcements. In the present work, one material factor (material type (MT)) and three tribological factors (load(L), velocity (V), and sliding distance (D)) were chosen to study their influence on the wear-rate. Taguchi technique is employed for the design of experiments, and it was observed that load (L) is the most influencing parameter on WR, followed by MT, D, and V. The optimal values of influencing parameters for WR are as follows: MT = T2, L = 10 N, V = 2 m/s, and D = 500 m. The wear mechanisms at the highest and lowest WR conditions were also studied by observing their scanning electron micrographs (SEM) on wear pin’s surface and its debris. From the SEM analysis, it was observed that abrasion, delamination, adhesion, and oxidation mechanisms were exhibited on the wear surface. Machine learning (ML) models such as artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and decision tree (DT) were used to develop an effective prediction model to predict the output responses at the corresponding input variables. Confirmation tests were conducted under optimal conditions, and the same were examined with the results of ANN, ANFIS and DT. It was noticed that the DT model exhibited higher accuracy when compared to other models considered in this study.
Overload in a Rat In Vivo Model of Synergist Ablation Induces Tendon Multiscale Structural and Functional Degeneration
Authors: Bloom Ellen T. , Lin Lily M. , Locke Ryan C. , Giordani Alyssa , Krassan Erin , Peloquin John M. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Parreno Justin , Santare Michael H. , Killian Megan L. , Elliott Dawn M.
Published: May 2023

Tendon degeneration is typically described as an overuse injury with little distinction made between magnitude of load (overload) and number of cycles (overuse). Further, in vivo, animal models of tendon degeneration are mostly overuse models, where tendon damage is caused by a high number of load cycles. As a result, there is a lack of knowledge of how isolated overload leads to degeneration in tendons. A surgical model of synergist ablation (SynAb) overloads the target tendon, plantaris, by ablating its synergist tendon, Achilles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes that occur following overload of plantaris tendon in a rat SynAb model. Tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and shape changes were evaluated by longitudinal MR imaging up to 8 weeks postsurgery. Tissue-scale structural changes were evaluated by semiquantified histology and second harmonic generation microscopy. Fibril level changes were evaluated with serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Functional changes were evaluated using tension tests at the tissue and microscale using a custom testing system allowing both video and microscopy imaging. At 8 weeks, overloaded plantaris tendons exhibited degenerative changes including increases in CSA, cell density, collagen damage area fraction (DAF), and fibril diameter, and decreases in collagen alignment, modulus, and yield stress. To interpret the differences between overload and overuse in tendon, we introduce a new framework for tendon remodeling and degeneration that differentiates between the inputs of overload and overuse. In summary, isolated overload induces multiscale degenerative structural and functional changes in plantaris tendon.
Acute Repair of Meniscus Root Tear Partially Restores Joint Displacements as Measured With Magnetic Resonance Images and Loading in a Cadaveric Porcine Knee
Authors: Meadows Kyle D. , Peloquin John M. , Markhali Milad I. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Schaer Thomas P. , Mauck Robert L. , Elliott Dawn M.
Published: May 2023

The meniscus serves important load-bearing functions and protects the underlying articular cartilage. Unfortunately, meniscus tears are common and impair the ability of the meniscus to distribute loads, increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis. Therefore, surgical repair of the meniscus is a frequently performed procedure; however, repair does not always prevent osteoarthritis. This is hypothesized to be due to altered joint loading post-injury and repair, where the functional deficit of the meniscus prevents it from performing its role of distributing forces. The objective of this study was to quantify joint kinematics in an intact joint, after a meniscus root tear, and after suture repair in cadaveric porcine knees, a frequently used in vivo model. We utilized an magnetic resonance images-compatible loading device and novel use of a T1 vibe sequence to measure meniscus and femur displacements under physiological axial loads. We found that anterior root tear led to large meniscus displacements under physiological axial loading and that suture anchor repair reduced these displacements but did not fully restore intact joint kinematics. After tear and repair, the anterior region of the meniscus moved posteriorly and medially as it was forced out of the joint space under loading, while the posterior region had small displacements as the posterior attachment acted as a hinge about which the meniscus pivoted in the axial plane. Methods from this study can be applied to assess altered joint kinematics following human knee injuries and evaluate repair strategies aimed to restore joint kinematics.
Convergent abnormalities in striatal gene networks in human cocaine use disorder and mouse cocaine administration models
Authors: Mews Philipp , Cunningham Ashley M. , Scarpa Joseph , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Hicks Emily M. , Bolnick Sarah , Garamszegi Susanna , Shen Li , Mash Deborah C. , Nestler Eric J.
Published: May 2023

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is an intractable syndrome, and rising overdose death rates represent a substantial public health crisis that exacts tremendous personal and financial costs on patients and society. Sharp increases in cocaine use drive the urgent need for better mechanistic insight into this chronic relapsing brain disorder that currently lacks effective treatment options. To investigate the transcriptomic changes involved, we conducted RNA sequencing on two striatal brain regions that are heavily implicated in CUD, the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, from men suffering from CUD and matched controls. Weighted gene coexpression analyses identified CUD-specific gene networks enriched in ionotropic receptors and linked to lowered neuroinflammation, contrasting the proinflammatory responses found in opioid use disorder. Integration of comprehensive transcriptomic datasets from mouse cocaine self-administration models revealed evolutionarily conserved gene networks in CUD that implicate especially D1 medium spiny neurons as drivers of cocaine-induced plasticity.
Hydrothermal-derived black carbon as a source of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in the ocean
Authors: Yamashita Youhei , Mori Yutaro , Ogawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are a possible source of thermogenic dissolved black carbon (DBC), which is a component of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon, but little is known about the distribution of hydrothermal DBC in the deep ocean. Here, we show basin-scale distributions of DBC along two transects in the eastern Pacific Ocean, which are located outside the jet-like hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise. The DBC concentration in the deep waters did not show a strong linear relationship with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), as previously observed in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Deviations in DBC concentration from the DBC-AOU relationship observed in the central and western Pacific Ocean were quantified. The deviation was linearly correlated with excess
3
He, a tracer for hydrothermal input, indicating that a fraction of the DBC in the deep ocean is transported long distances from hydrothermal systems.
Bottom-up synthesis of two-dimensional carbon with vertically aligned ordered micropores for ultrafast nanofiltration
Authors: Kim Chaehoon , Koh Dong-Yeun , Lee Yongjin , Choi Jihoon , Cho Hae Sung , Choi Minkee
Published: May 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials perforated with uniform micropores are considered ideal building blocks to fabricate advanced membranes for molecular separation and energy storage devices with high rate capabilities. However, creating high-density uniform micropores in 2D carbon using conventional perforation methods remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a zeolite-templated bottom-up synthesis of ordered microporous 2D carbon. Through rational analysis of 255 zeolite structures, we find that the IWV zeolite having large 2D microporous channels and aluminosilicate compositions can serve as an ideal template for carbon replication. The resulting carbon is made of an extremely thin polyaromatic backbone and contains well-defined vertically aligned micropores (0.69 nm in diameter). Its areal pore density (0.70 nm
−2
) is considerably greater than that of porous graphene (<0.05 nm
−2
) prepared using top-down perforation methods. The isoporous membrane fabricated by assembling the exfoliated 2D carbon nanosheets exhibits outstanding permeance and molecular sieving properties in organic solvent nanofiltration.
Rapid Virucidal Activity of Japanese
Saxifraga
Species-Derived Condensed Tannins against SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A Virus, and Human Norovirus Surrogate Viruses
Authors: Murata Toshihiro , Jamsransuren Dulamjav , Matsuda Sachiko , Ogawa Haruko , Takeda Yohei
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and norovirus are highly contagious pathogens. The use of naturally derived components as novel virucidal/antiviral agents is currently attracting attention.
PitA Controls the H2- and H3-T6SSs through PhoB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhao Xinrui , Xu Congjuan , Qu Junze , Jin Yongxin , Bai Fang , Cheng Zhihui , Wu Weihui , Pan Xiaolei
Published: May 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that causes acute and chronic infections in humans. The type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) have been shown to associate with chronic infections.
Histoplasma capsulatum Relies on Tryptophan Biosynthesis To Proliferate within the Macrophage Phagosome
Authors: Shen Qian , Gonzalez-Mireles Alondra , Ray Stephanie C. , Rappleye Chad A.
Published: May 2023

Histoplasma capsulatum
yeasts reside and proliferate within the macrophage phagosome during infection. This nutrient-depleted phagosomal environment imposes challenges to
Histoplasma
yeasts for nutrition acquisition.
Histoplasma
yeasts require all 20 amino acids, which can be formed by
de novo
biosynthesis and/or acquired directly from the phagosomal environment.
Multicenter Evaluation of the DiaSorin Molecular Simplexa Congenital CMV Direct PCR Test on Neonatal Saliva and Urine Specimens
Authors: Dunn James J. , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Maggert Kevin , Young Stephen , Leber Amy L.
Published: May 2023

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common virus associated with congenital infection worldwide and is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and developmental delay. Up to 90% of infants with congenital CMV (cCMV) infection are asymptomatic at birth, making the diagnosis challenging.
Identification of a Specific Biomarker of Acinetobacter baumannii Global Clone 1 by Machine Learning and PCR Related to Metabolic Fitness of ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Álvarez Verónica Elizabeth , Quiroga María Paula , Centrón Daniela
Published: May 2023

A. baumannii
GC1 is an important high-risk clone that rapidly develops extreme drug resistance in the nosocomial niche. Furthermore, several strains have been identified worldwide in environmental samples, exacerbating the risk of human interactions.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the hypervirulent ST22 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
in China
Authors: Zhao Huilin , Wu Xiaocui , Wang Bingjie , Shen Li , Rao Lulin , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Jiao , Xiao Yanghua , Xu Yanlei , Yu Jingyi , Guo Yinjuan , Zhou Ying , Wan Baoshan , Wu Chunyang , Chen Liang , Yu Fangyou
Published: May 2023

ST22 MRSA (methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
) strains are only sporadically reported in China. Through the phylogenetic reconstruction of 30 ST22 strains from China and 480 ST22 strains from global sources, we found that the global ST22 strains can be divided into three clades (I, II, and III). The China ST22 strains were found primarily in clade II (IIb and IIc) and also in clade III, indicating that the China ST22-MRSA clones have different origins. The China subclade IIb strains (SCC
mec
Vb-t309) may evolve from the native ST22 MSSA clone, while the China IIc strains may have spread from other countries. Subclade IIc (SCC
mec
IVa-t309) strains exhibited particularly strong lethality and invasiveness in
Galleria mellonella
infection and mouse skin abscess models in comparison to USA300 and other dominant China HA-MRSA (ST5 and ST239) or CA-MRSA (ST59) strains. This study described the emergence of a highly virulent ST22 MRSA subclade and improved our insight into the molecular epidemiology of ST22 strains in China.

IMPORTANCE

ST22 is a successful hospital-associated MRSA lineage which first appeared in the United Kingdom as EMRSA-15. At present, ST22 MRSA clones are spreading rapidly around the world and even replaced other dominant clones in some regions. We placed the Chinese ST22 in the worldwide phylogeny of ST22, demonstrating a distinctive molecular epidemiology and to our knowledge, this is the first time that a novel clade of ST22 has been found in China. Among the 15 ST22 MRSA strains belonging to the novel clade, 14 ST22 SCC
mec
IVa strains from different regions carried both
pvl
and
tst
and displayed significantly higher
in vitro
and
in vivo
virulence in comparison to other clade/subclade ST22 strains as well as other common China HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA strains. The further spread of this subclade of strains could pose a serious threat to the health system in China and other regions.
In Vitro
Activities of Aztreonam-Avibactam, Eravacycline, Cefoselis, and Other Comparators against Clinical
Enterobacterales
Isolates: a Multicenter Study in China, 2019
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Liu Yong , Jia Wei , Xu Xuesong , Sun Guizhen , Wang Tong , Li Jin , Zhang Ge , Jing Ran , Sun Hongli , Xu Yingchun , Liu Yali
Published: May 2023

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Enterobacterales
, especially carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacterales
(CRE), have been a challenging clinical problem due to the limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the need to develop novel antimicrobial agents and evaluate their activities against
Enterobacterales in vitro
is urgent.
The use of Tablo continuous veno-venous haemodialysis to rapidly remove lithium in a patient with severe lithium toxicity
Authors: Nohomovich Brian , Tito Emmanuel , Terrio Michael , Belardo Matthew
Published: May 2023

We report a case of severe, life-threatening lithium toxicity in a patient with bipolar I disorder who presented with altered mental status and acute renal failure. At admission, serum lithium level was well above toxic levels (>2 mEq/L). The signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity significantly improved after treatment with continuous veno-venous haemodialysis (CVVHD). The patient was discharged with no neurological or renal sequelae. Herein is the first case report using the Tablo CVVHD system to treat severe lithium toxicity.
From Universal Health Coverage services packages to budget appropriation: the long journey to implementation
Authors: Soucat Agnès , Tandon Ajay , Gonzales Pier Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Essential packages of health services (EPHS) potentially contribute to universal health coverage (UHC) financing through several pathways. Generally, expectations on what an EPHS can achieve for health financing are high, yet stakeholders rarely spell out mechanisms to reach desired outcomes. This paper analyses how EPHS relate to the three health financing functions (revenue raising, risk pooling and purchasing) and to public financial management (PFM). Our review of country experiences found that using EPHS to directly leverage funds for health has rarely been effective. Indirectly, EPHS can translate into increased revenue through fiscal measures, including health taxes. Through improved dialogue with public finance authorities, health policy-makers can use EPHS or health benefit packages to communicate the value of additional public spending connected with UHC indicators. Overall, however, empirical evidence on EPHS contribution to resource mobilisation is still pending. EPHS development exercises have been more successful in advancing resource pooling across different schemes: EPHS can help comparing performance of coverage schemes, occasionally leading to harmonisation of UHC interventions and identifying gaps between health financing and service delivery. EPHS development and iterative revisions play an essential role in core strategic purchasing activities as countries develop their health technology assessment capacity. Ultimately, packages need to translate into adequate public financing appropriations through country health programme design, ensuring funding flows directly address obstacles to increased coverage.
Primary Care SHOPping intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention (PC-SHOP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to reduce saturated fat intake
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Tsiountsioura Melina , Astbury Nerys M , Madigan Claire , Aveyard Paul , Jebb Susan A
Published: May 2023

Introduction

A diet high in saturated fat (SFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and intakes in the UK exceed dietary recommendations. The Primary Care Shopping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (PC-SHOP) study aims to test the effect of an intervention for people with raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol involving health professional (HP) advice alone, or in combination with personalised feedback based on nutritional analysis of grocery store loyalty card data, on SFA intake and blood lipids in comparison with no intervention.

Methods and analysis

PC-SHOP is a three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:3:3 (‘no intervention’: n=16, ‘brief support’: n=48, ‘brief support plus shopping feedback’: n=48, respectively). Participants with raised LDL will be recruited from general practitioner (GP) practices for a 3-month intervention period. In brief support, an HP will deliver a behaviourally informed 10 min consultation and provide a written self-help guide to inform and motivate people to reduce their SFA intake. In brief support plus shopping feedback, the participants will receive the same HP-led behavioural support and, based on data from their grocery store loyalty card, personalised feedback on the SFA content of their grocery shopping, identifying high SFA purchases and suggesting swaps to similar but lower SFA items.

Measurements for the primary and secondary outcomes will be collected at baseline and at follow-up (3 months). The primary outcome measure will be the between-group difference in the reduction of SFA intake between baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood lipids and SFA content of food purchases, with process measures to consider the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been reviewed and approved by the National Health Service Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 17/SC/0168). The trial findings will be disseminated to academic and HPs through presentations at meetings and peer-reviewed journals and to the public through the media. If the intervention is effective, the results will be communicated to relevant stakeholders, including policymakers and retailers.

Trial registration number

NCT14279335; Pre-results.
Effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing sickness absence among young employees with depressive symptoms: study protocol for a large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kouvonen Anne , Mänty Minna , Harkko Jaakko , Sumanen Hilla , Konttinen Hanna , Lahti Jouni , Pietilainen Olli , Blomgren Jenni , Tuovinen Eevamaija , Ketonen Eeva-Leena , Stenberg Jan-Henry , Donnelly Michael , Sivertsen Børge , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Pirkola Sami , Rahkonen Ossi , Lallukka Tea
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Depression is a highly prevalent condition with typical onset in early adulthood. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is a promising cost-effective and more widely available alternative to face-to-face CBT. However, it is not known whether it can reduce sickness absence in employees showing depressive symptoms. The randomised controlled trial component of the DAQI (Depression and sickness absence in young adults: a quasi-experimental trial and web-based treatment intervention) project aims to investigate if iCBT is effective in reducing sickness absence compared with care as usual (CAU) among young employees with depressive symptoms in primary care provided in an occupational health setting.

Methods and analysis

This study will use a randomised controlled single-centre service-based trial of an existing iCBT programme (Mental Hub iCBT for Depression) to evaluate whether or not this treatment can reduce the number of sickness absence days in public sector employees aged 18–34 years who present at the occupational health service with mild depressive symptoms (score ≥9 on the Beck Depression Inventory-IA). Control participants will be offered CAU, with no constraints regarding the range of treatments. The active condition will consist of seven weekly modules of iCBT, with support from a web therapist. Primary outcome will be participants’ all-cause sickness absence as indicated in employer’s and national administrative records up to 6 months from study entry. Secondary outcomes relating to long-term sickness absence (over 11 calendar days) for mental and musculoskeletal disorders and psychotropic medication use will be obtained from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution’s administrative records; and short sickness absence spells (up to 11 calendar days) will be extracted from employer’s records. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.

Ethics and dissemination

The Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa has approved the study (HUS/974/2019). The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and in publications for lay audience.

Trial registration number

NCT10877837
Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits and hospitalisation for cardiac arrest: a population-based case–crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland
Authors: Halldorsdottir Solveig , Finnbjornsdottir Ragnhildur Gudrun , Elvarsson Bjarki Thor , Gunnarsdottir Oddny Sigurborg , Gudmundsson Gunnar , Rafnsson Vilhjalmur
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To assess the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution and emergency hospital visits for cardiac arrest.

Design

Case–crossover design was used with a lag time to 4 days.

Setting

The Reykjavik capital area and the study population was the inhabitants 18 years and older identified by encrypted personal identification numbers and zip codes.

Participants and exposure

Cases were those with emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital during the period 2006–2017 and who were given the primary discharge diagnosis of cardiac arrest according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) code I46. The pollutants were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) with adjustment for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), temperature and relative humidity.

Main outcome measure

OR and 95% CIs per 10 µg/m3increase in concentration of pollutants.

Results

The 24-hour mean NO2was 20.7 µg/m3, mean PM10was 20.5 µg/m3, mean PM2.5was 12.5 µg/m3and mean SO2was 2.5 µg/m3. PM10level was positively associated with the number of emergency hospital visits (n=453) for cardiac arrest. Each 10 µg/m3increase in PM10was associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest (ICD-10: I46), OR 1.096 (95% CI 1.033 to 1.162) on lag 2, OR 1.118 (95% CI 1.031 to 1.212) on lag 0–2, OR 1.150 (95% CI 1.050 to 1.261) on lag 0–3 and OR 1.168 (95% CI 1.054 to 1.295) on lag 0–4. Significant associations were shown between exposure to PM10on lag 2 and lag 0–2 and increased risk of cardiac arrest in the age, gender and season strata.

Conclusions

A new endpoint was used for the first time in this study: cardiac arrest (ICD-10 code: I46) according to hospital discharge registry. Short-term increase in PM10concentrations was associated with cardiac arrest. Future ecological studies of this type and their related discussions should perhaps concentrate more on precisely defined endpoints.
Assessing impact, needs and quality-of-life among informal carers of people with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study: the PAN-CARER study protocol
Authors: Sharp Linda , Mentor Keno , Deane Jennifer , Watson Eila , Roberts Keith J , Silva Michael , Phillips Mary , Siriwardena Ajith Kumar , Hammond John , Bradshaw Alex , Exley Catherine , Pandanaboyana Sanjay
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Approximately 10 300 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year in the UK. The cancer and its treatment inflict a significant physical, functional and emotional burden on patients. Research suggests that patients have many ongoing needs for support and care, but that these needs are not met by existing services. Family members often step in to fill this gap and provide support and care during and after treatment. Research in other cancers shows that this informal caregiving can place a very heavy burden on carers. However, there are few studies in the international literature that have focused on informal carers in pancreatic cancer; none have been conducted in the UK.

Methods and analysis

Two complementary research methods will be utilised. First, a longitudinal quantitative study of 300 carers investigating, using validated questionnaires to assess the impact of caregiving (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), the unmet needs of carers (Supportive Care Needs Survey) and the quality-of-life (Short Form 12-item health survey), will be conducted. Second, qualitative interviews will be conducted with up to 30 carers to explore their experiences in more depth. Mixed-effects regression models will be applied to survey results to determine how impact, needs and quality-of-life vary over time, compare outcomes between carers of patients with operable and inoperable disease and identify social factors which affect outcomes. Interview data will undergo reflexive thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority of the UK (Ethical approval IRAS ID 309503). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
Recommendations for follow-up care during post-deployment screening of Canadian Armed Forces personnel: how well does self-reported mental health predict referral decisions?
Authors: Sudom Kerry , Boulos David , Garber Bryan
Published: May 2023

Objective

Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) post-deployment screening aims to facilitate early care for members with mental health issues. The process consists of a questionnaire to screen for mental health problems, followed by an interview with a healthcare provider during which recommendations for follow-up care are provided if needed. In this study, we examined the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with recommendation for follow-up care during the interview.

Design

Using screening data collected from CAF members who deployed from 2009 to 2012 (n=14 957), logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with clinicians’ recommendation for follow-up care.

Results

In total, 19.7% of screened individuals were recommended for follow-up care. In the adjusted logistic regression model, some demographic characteristics, as well current and prior mental healthcare and self-reported mental health problems, had a substantial association with recommendation for follow-up. Compared with each mental health problem’s lowest severity category, recommendation for follow-up care was higher by approximately 12%–17% for those with mild to severe depression, 7% for those with panic disorder, 8%–10% for those with mild to severe anxiety, 8% for those experiencing high levels of stressors, 4%–10% for those at risk of alcohol use disorder and 7%–12% for those at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions

Although the presence of mental health problems was significantly associated with receiving a follow-up recommendation, the relationships between self-reported mental health and subsequent recommendations for care were not as high as expected. Although this may partly reflect time delays between the questionnaire and interview, further research is needed on the extent to which other factors contributed to referral decisions.
Nurse-led virtual interventions in managing chronic diseases: a protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Tao Xingjuan , Zhu Weishan , Chu Mingzi , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Technological advances are changing nursing practice; however, nurse-led virtual care for chronic disease management has not yet been adequately explored and described. This study will review and analyse the effects of nurse-led virtual services and describe the virtual intervention characteristics relevant to the scope of nursing practice in chronic disease management.

Methods and analysis

This study will systematically review randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of nurse-led virtual care interventions on patients with chronic conditions. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang (Chinese) and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals will be searched. All studies will be screened and selected using the criteria described in ‘population, intervention, comparison, outcome and study design’ format. Relevant studies will be searched using the reference lists of eligible studies and review articles. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Form. Two reviewers will independently extract data from all the included studies using a standardised data extraction form on the Covidence platform. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used to perform the meta-analysis. Data synthesis will be conducted with descriptive synthesis by summarising and tabulating the data and presenting them according to the research questions.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethical approval is not required as the data used in this systematic review are abstracted from the pre-existing literature. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022361260.
Caffeine, Postoperative Delirium And Change In Outcomes after Surgery (CAPACHINOS)-2: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vlisides Phillip E , Ragheb Jacqueline , McKinney Amy , Mentz Graciela , Runstadler Nathan , Martinez Selena , Jewell Elizabeth , Lee UnCheol , Vanini Giancarlo , Schmitt Eva M , Inouye Sharon K , Mashour George A
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Delirium is a major public health issue for surgical patients and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, cognitive and functional decline, prolonged hospital admission and increased healthcare expenditures. Based on preliminary data, this trial tests the hypothesis that intravenous caffeine, given postoperatively, will reduce the incidence of delirium in older adults after major non-cardiac surgery.

Methods and analysis

The CAffeine, Postoperative Delirium And CHange In Outcomes after Surgery-2 (CAPACHINOS-2) Trial is a single-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial that will be conducted at Michigan Medicine. The trial will be quadruple-blinded, with clinicians, researchers, participants and analysts all masked to the intervention. The goal is to enrol 250 patients with a 1:1:1: allocation ratio: dextrose 5% in water placebo, caffeine 1.5 mg/kg and caffeine 3 mg/kg as a caffeine citrate infusion. The study drug will be administered intravenously during surgical closure and on the first two postoperative mornings. The primary outcome will be delirium, assessed via long-form Confusion Assessment Method. Secondary outcomes will include delirium severity, delirium duration, patient-reported outcomes and opioid consumption patterns. A substudy analysis will also be conducted with high-density electroencephalography (72-channel system) to identify neural abnormalities associated with delirium and Mild Cognitive Impairment at preoperative baseline.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the University of Michigan Medical School Institutional Review Board (HUM00218290). An independent data and safety monitoring board has also been empanelled and has approved the clinical trial protocol and related documents. Trial methodology and results will be disseminated via clinical and scientific journals along with social and news media.

Trial registration number

NCT05574400.
In vitro flow diversion effect of the ReSolv stent with the shelf technique in a bifurcation aneurysm model
Authors: Belanger Brooke L , Morrish Rosalie , McClarty Davis , Barnstable Colette , Muir Warren , Ghazizadeh Soheil , Eesa Muneer , Fiorella David , Wong John H , Sadasivan Chandar , Mitha Alim P
Published: May 2023

Background

Flow-diverting stents are not currently indicated for the treatment of bifurcation aneurysms, and some case series have demonstrated low occlusion rates, possibly due to a lack in neck coverage. The ReSolv stent is a unique hybrid metal/polymer stent that can be deployed with the shelf technique in order to improve neck coverage.

Methods

A Pipeline, unshelfed ReSolv, and shelfed ReSolv stent were deployed in the left-sided branch of an idealized bifurcation aneurysm model. After determining stent porosity, high-speed digital subtraction angiography runs were acquired under pulsatile flow conditions. Time–density curves were created using two region of interest (ROI) paradigms (total aneurysm and left/right), and four parameters were extracted to characterize flow diversion performance.

Results

The shelfed ReSolv stent demonstrated better aneurysm outflow alterations compared to the Pipeline and unshelfed ReSolv stent when using the total aneurysm as the ROI. On the left side of the aneurysm, there was no significant difference between the shelfed ReSolv stent and the Pipeline. On the right side of the aneurysm, however, the shelfed ReSolv stent had a significantly better contrast washout profile than the unshelfed ReSolv stent and the Pipeline stent.

Conclusions

The ReSolv stent with the shelf technique demonstrates the potential to improve flow diversion outcomes for bifurcation aneurysms. Further in vivo testing will help to determine whether the additional neck coverage leads to better neointimal scaffolding and long-term aneurysm occlusion.
Nanoparticle shape effects on MHD Cu–water nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat source/sink
Authors: Mohana C. M. , Rushi Kumar B.
Published: May 2023

This study provides an insight into the effects of various nanoparticle shape factors on magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet. Choosing appropriate nanoparticles can control velocity and heat transfer. A magnetic field is part of the momentum equation, and the effects of radiation and heat source/sink are part of the energy equation. Equations governing the problem are converted into nonlinear ODEs by similarity transformation. Afterwards, Runge–Kutta fourth-order scheme combined with shooting technique is employed. A magnetic field and porosity decrease the velocity. Radiation and a heat source/sink both escalate temperature. The Eckert number and porosity also improve the temperature. As nanoparticle volume fraction increases, the Nusselt number decreases and skin friction increases. Among the nanoparticle shapes considered in this study, platelet-shaped nanoparticles have the best flow and heat transfer performance. According to the studies we examined, the results obtained are consistent with those previously published.
An efficient computational approach for fractional-order model describing the water transport in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Wang Yaya , Gao Wei , Baskonus Haci Mehmet
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on the application of an efficient technique, namely, the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM). The numerical solutions of the model containing the water transport in unsaturated porous media, called Richards equation, are extracted. This model is used to describe the non-locality behaviors which cannot be modeled under the framework of classical calculus. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme used, two cases with time-fractional problems are considered in detail. The numerical stimulation is presented with results accessible in the literature, and corresponding consequences are captured with different values of parameters of fractional order. The attained consequences confirm that the projected algorithm is easy to implement and very effective to examine the behavior of nonlinear models. The reliable algorithm applied in this paper can be used to generate easily computable solutions for the considered problems in the form of rapidly convergent series.
Beam shaping-based design for optical imaging lens
Authors: Liu Yu , Tao Shaohua
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a beam shaping-based method for design of optical imaging lens is proposed. The optical imaging lens is designed with Fresnel diffraction theory to focus light, and the focusing parameters of the lens, such as the number of the foci, the focal length, the size and the shape of the focal spot, and so on, can be set with great freedom. Therefore, the lens has great flexibility in optical imaging, and the imaging resolution can also be varied with the design. The optical imaging lenses possess advantages such as simple structure, compact size, customized imaging effect, and high performance. The proposed method can be extensively applied to the design of flat optical elements and the customized optical imaging.
Strongly compact cardinals and ordinal definability
Authors: Goldberg Gabriel
Published: May 2023

This paper explores several topics related to Woodin’s HOD conjecture. We improve the large cardinal hypothesis of Woodin’s HOD dichotomy theorem from an extendible cardinal to a strongly compact cardinal. We show that assuming there is a strongly compact cardinal and the HOD hypothesis holds, there is no elementary embedding from HOD to HOD, settling a question of Woodin. We show that the HOD hypothesis is equivalent to a uniqueness property of elementary embeddings of levels of the cumulative hierarchy. We prove that the HOD hypothesis holds if and only if every regular cardinal above the first strongly compact cardinal carries an ordinal definable [Formula: see text]-Jónsson algebra. We show that if the HOD hypothesis holds and HOD satisfies the Ultrapower Axiom, then every supercompact cardinal is supercompact in HOD.
A personal perspective of 20 years of regional groundwater resource modelling of the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers in England
Authors: Streetly Mike J.
Published: May 2023

In 1998, the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer of the West Midlands–Worfe (WMW) area became the subject of one of the first major groundwater modelling projects initiated under the Environment Agency of England's national groundwater modelling framework. The 4R runoff–recharge code that allowed these models to apply a semi-integrated approach to simulating catchment hydrology was developed and trialled in parallel with the WMW project. This combined groundwater and surface water modelling approach has allowed the Environment Agency of England to make complex water resource management decisions in a wide range of aquifers and catchments based, in part, on outputs from such models. Since that time, the Environment Agency has used the framework to develop around a dozen further models of Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers, of varying levels of complexity. Many of the older models have subsequently been through one or more cycles of updating and/or recalibration. This paper provides a high-level review of these models based on the personal experience of the author and compares and contrasts their implementation in the US Geological Survey's groundwater modelling code MODFLOW. This includes a discussion of key conceptual issues that are common across the models, or unique to particular models, and the uses to which the models have been put. The paper concludes with a discussion of future opportunities and challenges for the programme.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/hydrogeology-of-sandstone
Model-Based Diagnosis of Real-Time Systems: Robustness Against Varying Latency, Clock Drift, and Out-of-Order Observations
Authors: Köhl Maximilian A. , Hermanns Holger
Published: May 2023

Online fault diagnosis techniques are a key enabler of effective failure mitigation. For real-time systems, the problem of identifying faults is aggravated by
timing imprecisions
such as varying latency between events and their observation. This paper tackles the challenge of
diagnosing faults
based on partial observations which are subject to timing imprecisions and potentially made out-of-order due to latency. In this paper, we develop a theory of
robust real-time diagnosis
importing well-established notions from timed automata theory and the diagnosis of discrete event systems. The theory itself enables a foundational understanding and investigation of the problem and its intricacies. Based on this theory, we further devise an online diagnosis algorithm consuming observations incrementally as they are made and enabling diagnosis, whenever possible, within a bounded worst-case delay. We prove the correctness of the algorithm and its properties with respect to the theory. Aiming at practical feasibility, we also show how to obtain sound but not necessarily complete diagnosis results with space and time requirements bounded by the size of the system model and independent of the number of observations. Finally, using a prototypical implementation, we report on first empirical results obtained by simulation of a small excerpt of an industrial automation example.
Impedance Response of Insulator Nanoparticle Films with Condensed Chemical Vapor: Structural Isomers and Aprotic Chemicals
Authors: Kano S. , Mekaru H.
Published: May 2023

Rapid electrical analysis of chemical liquids is a promising technique for on-site evaluation. In this study, the electrical impedance response of insulator nanoparticle films with condensed chemical vapors was investigated in structural isomers and polar aprotic chemical liquids. Headspace vapor was condensed in the nanoscale void between the nanoparticles, and ionic conduction subsequently occurred under an AC voltage. The transient electrical impedance response depends on the vapor pressure and conductivity of the liquid isomers. A chemical liquid of the structural isomers was identified by monitoring the impedance during exposure to its headspace vapor. The response time of the film impedance was 10.6, 4.7, 7.5, and 2.4 s for 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and tert-butyl alcohol, respectively.  Furthermore, the current conduction mechanism in the polar aprotic chemicals was discussed. Although these chemicals did not form molecular networks with the hydrogen bonds, the electrical current flowed in the system. We proposed that hydrogen bonds mediated by water molecules were formed and proton hopping through the condensed polar aprotic liquid occurred. This proposed method has the potential to detect protic and aprotic polar chemical vapors.
Combined application of biosponges and an antifibrotic agent for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss
Authors: West Charles , Tobo Connor , Au Jeffrey , Johnson David , Mottaleb M. Abdul , Robinson Jessica , Shringarpure Saloni , Griggs David W. , Garg Koyal
Published: May 2023

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) causes irrecoverable loss of muscle mass and strength and results in permanent disability. VML injury shows extensive fibrosis, which impedes functional tissue regeneration. Our lab has created a biosponge scaffold composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (i.e., biosponge) that can enhance muscle regeneration and function following VML. In this work, a potent small molecule inhibitor of alpha v-subunit containing integrins known as IDL-2965 was incorporated into the biosponges for localized suppression of fibrosis post-VML. Our results demonstrate that local delivery of IDL-2965 via the biosponges attenuated the deposition of fibrotic tissue preceded by a downregulation of profibrotic genes in VML-injured muscles. The reduction in fibrotic tissue had no detrimental effects on muscle mass, function, size, or vascularity. Overall, these findings suggest that the codelivery of biosponges and IDL-2965 is a safe and effective strategy for the mitigation of fibrotic tissue deposition in VML-injured muscles.
Hyperoxia-induced stepwise reduction in blood flow through intrapulmonary, but not intracardiac, shunt during exercise
Authors: Davis James T. , Elliott Jonathan E. , Duke Joseph W. , Cristobal Alberto , Lovering Andrew T.
Published: May 2023

Blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVA) ( QIPAVA) increases during exercise breathing air, but it has been proposed that QIPAVA is reduced during exercise while breathing a fraction of inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]) of 1.00. It has been argued that the reduction in saline contrast bubbles through IPAVA is due to altered in vivo microbubble dynamics with hyperoxia reducing bubble stability, rather than closure of IPAVA. To definitively determine whether breathing hyperoxia decreases saline contrast bubble stability in vivo, the present study included individuals with and without patent foramen ovale (PFO) to determine if hyperoxia also eliminates left heart contrast in people with an intracardiac right-to-left shunt. Thirty-two participants consisted of 16 without a PFO; 8 females, 8 with a PFO; 4 females, and 8 with late-appearing left-sided contrast (4 females) completed five, 4-min bouts of constant-load cycle ergometer exercise (males: 250 W, females: 175 W), breathing an [Formula: see text] = 0.21, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00 in a balanced Latin Squares design. QIPAVA was assessed at rest and 3 min into each exercise bout via transthoracic saline contrast echocardiography and our previously used bubble scoring system. Bubble scores at [Formula: see text]= 0.21, 0.40, and 0.60 were unchanged and significantly greater than at [Formula: see text]= 0.80 and 1.00 in those without a PFO. Participants with a PFO had greater bubble scores at [Formula: see text]= 1.00 than those without a PFO. These data suggest that hyperoxia-induced decreases in QIPAVA during exercise occur when [Formula: see text] ≥ 0.80 and is not a result of altered in vivo microbubble dynamics supporting the idea that hyperoxia closes QIPAVA.