bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient solar hydrogen generation in microgravity environment
Authors: Brinkert Katharina , Richter Matthias H. , Akay Ömer , Liedtke Janine , Giersig Michael , Fountaine Katherine T. , Lewerenz Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2018

Long-term space missions require extra-terrestrial production of storable, renewable energy. Hydrogen is ascribed a crucial role for transportation, electrical power and oxygen generation. We demonstrate in a series of drop tower experiments that efficient direct hydrogen production can be realized photoelectrochemically in microgravity environment, providing an alternative route to existing life support technologies for space travel. The photoelectrochemical cell consists of an integrated catalyst-functionalized semiconductor system that generates hydrogen with current densities >15 mA/cm2 in the absence of buoyancy. Conditions are described adverting the resulting formation of ion transport blocking froth layers on the photoelectrodes. The current limiting factors were overcome by controlling the micro- and nanotopography of the Rh electrocatalyst using shadow nanosphere lithography. The behaviour of the applied system in terrestrial and microgravity environment is simulated using a kinetic transport model. Differences observed for varied catalyst topography are elucidated, enabling future photoelectrode designs for use in reduced gravity environments.
The origin and remolding of genomic islands of differentiation in the European sea bass
Authors: Duranton Maud , Allal François , Fraïsse Christelle , Bierne Nicolas , Bonhomme François , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre
Published: June 2018

Speciation is a complex process that leads to the progressive establishment of reproductive isolation barriers between diverging populations. Genome-wide comparisons between closely related species have revealed the existence of heterogeneous divergence patterns, dominated by genomic islands of increased divergence supposed to contain reproductive isolation loci. However, this divergence landscape only provides a static picture of the dynamic process of speciation, during which confounding mechanisms unrelated to speciation can interfere. Here we use haplotype-resolved whole-genome sequences to identify the mechanisms responsible for the formation of genomic islands between Atlantic and Mediterranean sea bass lineages. Local ancestry patterns show that genomic islands first emerged in allopatry through linked selection acting on a heterogeneous recombination landscape. Then, upon secondary contact, preexisting islands were strongly remolded by differential introgression, revealing variable fitness effects among regions involved in reproductive isolation. Interestingly, we find that divergent regions containing ancient polymorphisms conferred the strongest resistance to introgression.
Glutamic acid–valine–citrulline linkers ensure stability and efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates in mice
Authors: Anami Yasuaki , Yamazaki Chisato M. , Xiong Wei , Gui Xun , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Tsuchikama Kyoji
Published: June 2018

Valine–citrulline linkers are commonly used as enzymatically cleavable linkers for antibody–drug conjugates. While stable in human plasma, these linkers are unstable in mouse plasma due to susceptibility to an extracellular carboxylesterase. This instability often triggers premature release of drugs in mouse circulation, presenting a molecular design challenge. Here, we report that an antibody–drug conjugate with glutamic acid–valine–citrulline linkers is responsive to enzymatic drug release but undergoes almost no premature cleavage in mice. We demonstrate that this construct exhibits greater treatment efficacy in mouse tumor models than does a valine–citrulline-based variant. Notably, our antibody–drug conjugate contains long spacers facilitating the protease access to the linker moiety, indicating that our linker assures high in vivo stability despite a high degree of exposure. This technology could add flexibility to antibody–drug conjugate design and help minimize failure rates in pre-clinical studies caused by linker instability.
Mapping mesoscopic phase evolution during E-beam induced transformations via deep learning of atomically resolved images
Authors: Vasudevan Rama K. , Laanait Nouamane , Ferragut Erik M. , Wang Kai , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai , Ziatdinov Maxim , Jesse Stephen , Dyck Ondrej , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: June 2018

Understanding transformations under electron beam irradiation requires mapping the structural phases and their evolution in real time. To date, this has mostly been a manual endeavor comprising difficult frame-by-frame analysis that is simultaneously tedious and prone to error. Here, we turn toward the use of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to automatically determine the Bravais lattice symmetry present in atomically resolved images. A DCNN is trained to identify the Bravais lattice class given a 2D fast Fourier transform of the input image. Monte-Carlo dropout is used for determining the prediction probability, and results are shown for both simulated and real atomically resolved images from scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. A reduced representation of the final layer output allows to visualize the separation of classes in the DCNN and agrees with physical intuition. We then apply the trained network to electron beam-induced transformations in WS2, which allows tracking and determination of growth rate of voids. We highlight two key aspects of these results: (1) it shows that DCNNs can be trained to recognize diffraction patterns, which is markedly different from the typical “real image” cases and (2) it provides a method with in-built uncertainty quantification, allowing the real-time analysis of phases present in atomically resolved images.
Learning hard quantum distributions with variational autoencoders
Authors: Rocchetto Andrea , Grant Edward , Strelchuk Sergii , Carleo Giuseppe , Severini Simone
Published: June 2018

The exact description of many-body quantum systems represents one of the major challenges in modern physics, because it requires an amount of computational resources that scales exponentially with the size of the system. Simulating the evolution of a state, or even storing its description, rapidly becomes intractable for exact classical algorithms. Recently, machine learning techniques, in the form of restricted Boltzmann machines, have been proposed as a way to efficiently represent certain quantum states with applications in state tomography and ground state estimation. Here, we introduce a practically usable deep architecture for representing and sampling from probability distributions of quantum states. Our representation is based on variational auto-encoders, a type of generative model in the form of a neural network. We show that this model is able to learn efficient representations of states that are easy to simulate classically and can compress states that are not classically tractable. Specifically, we consider the learnability of a class of quantum states introduced by Fefferman and Umans. Such states are provably hard to sample for classical computers, but not for quantum ones, under plausible computational complexity assumptions. The good level of compression achieved for hard states suggests these methods can be suitable for characterizing states of the size expected in first generation quantum hardware.
Co-protoporphyrin IX and Sn-protoporphyrin IX inactivate Zika, Chikungunya and other arboviruses by targeting the viral envelope
Authors: Neris Romulo L. S. , Figueiredo Camila M. , Higa Luiza M. , Araujo Daniel F. , Carvalho Carlos A. M. , Verçoza Brunno R. F. , Silva Mariana O. L. , Carneiro Fabiana A. , Tanuri Amilcar , Gomes Andre M. O. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Da Poian Andrea T. , Cruz-Oliveira Christine , Assunção-Miranda Iranaia
Published: June 2018

The global situation of diseases transmitted by arthropod-borne viruses such as Dengue (DENV), Yellow Fever (YFV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses is alarming and treatment of human infection by these arboviruses faces several challenges. The discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral molecules, able to inactivate different groups of viruses, is an interesting approach. The viral envelope is a common structure among arboviruses, being a potential target for antivirals. Porphyrins are amphipathic molecules able to interact with membranes and absorb light, being widely used in photodynamic therapy. Previously, we showed that heme, Co-protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) and Sn-protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) directly inactivate DENV and YFV infectious particles. Here we demonstrate that the antiviral activity of these porphyrins can be broadened to CHIKV, ZIKV, Mayaro virus, Sindbis virus and Vesicular Stomatitis virus. Porphyrin treatment causes viral envelope protein loss, affecting viral morphology, adsorption and entry into target cells. Also, light-stimulation enhanced the SnPPIX activity against all tested arboviruses. In summary, CoPPIX and SnPPIX were shown to be efficient broad-spectrum compounds to inactivate medically and veterinary important viruses.
Instability of personal human metabotype is linked to all-cause mortality
Authors: Lacruz M. E. , Kluttig A. , Tiller D. , Medenwald D. , Giegling I. , Rujescu D. , Prehn C. , Adamski J. , Greiser K. H. , Kastenmüller G.
Published: June 2018

Disruption of metabolic homeostasis is an important factor in many diseases. Various metabolites have been linked to higher risk of morbidity and all-cause mortality using metabolomics in large population-based cohorts. In these studies, baseline metabolite levels were compared across subjects to identify associations with health outcomes, implying the existence of ‘healthy’ concentration ranges that are equally applicable to all individuals. Here, we focused on intra-individual changes in metabolite levels over time and their link to mortality, potentially allowing more personalized risk assessment. We analysed targeted metabolomics data for 134 blood metabolites from 1409 participants in the population-based CARLA cohort at baseline and after four years. Metabotypes of the majority of participants (59%) were extremely stable over time indicated by high correlation between the subjects’ metabolite profiles at the two time points. Metabotype instability and, in particular, decrease of valine were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in 7.9 years of follow-up (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5(95%CI = 1.0–2.3) and 0.2(95%CI = 0.1–0.3)) after multifactorial adjustment. Excluding deaths that occurred in the first year after metabolite profiling showed similar results (HR = 1.8(95%CI = 1.1–2.8)). Lower metabotype stability was also associated with incident cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.2(95%CI = 1.0–1.3)). Therefore, changes in the personal metabotype might be a valuable indicator of pre-clinical disease.
SFTA3 – a novel surfactant protein of the ocular surface and its role in corneal wound healing and tear film surface tension
Authors: Schicht Martin , Garreis Fabian , Hartjen Nadine , Beileke Stephanie , Jacobi Christina , Sahin Afsun , Holland Detlef , Schröder Henrik , Hammer Christian M. , Paulsen Friedrich , Bräuer Lars
Published: June 2018

The study aimed to characterize the expression and function of SFTA3 at the ocular surface and in tears. Ocular tissues, conjunctival (HCjE) and human corneal (HCE) epithelial cell lines as well as tearfilm of patients suffering from different forms of dry eye disease (DED) were analyzed by means of RT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. A possible role of recombinant SFTA3 in corneal wound healing was investigated performing in vitro scratch assays. Tear film regulatory properties were analyzed with the spinning drop method and the regulation of SFTA3 transcripts was studied in HCE and HCjE after incubation with proinflammatory cytokines as well as typical ocular pathogens by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. The results reveal that human ocular tissue as well as tears of healthy volunteers express SFTA3 whereas tears from patients with DED showed significantly increased SFTA3 levels. In vitro wounding of HCE cell cultures that had been treated with recombinant SFTA3 demonstrated a significantly increased wound closure rate and rSFTA3 reduced the surface tension of tear fluid. The results indicate that SFTA3 at the ocular surface seemed to be involved in wound healing and the reduction of surface tension.
Increased food supply mitigates ocean acidification effects on calcification but exacerbates effects on growth
Authors: Brown Norah E. M. , Bernhardt Joey R. , Anderson Kathryn M. , Harley Christopher D. G.
Published: June 2018

Because many of the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine life may result from underlying energetic short-falls associated with increased metabolic demands, several studies have hypothesized that negative responses to high CO2 could be reduced by energy input. Although this hypothesis was supported by a recent meta-analysis, we believe that the meta-analytic calculation used was not appropriate to test the stated hypothesis. Here, we first clarify the hypothesis put forward, the crux being that the effects of increased food supply and CO2 interact statistically. We then test this hypothesis by examining the available data in a more appropriate analytical framework. Using factorial meta-analysis, we confirm that food addition has a positive effect and CO2 has a negative effect on both growth and calcification. For calcification, food addition did indeed reduce CO2 impacts. Surprisingly, however, we found that food addition actually exacerbated the effects of acidification on growth, perhaps due to increased scope upon which CO2 effects can act in food-replete situations. These interactive effects were undetectable using a multilevel meta-analytic approach. Ongoing changes in food supply and carbonate chemistry, coupled with under-described, poorly understood, and potentially surprising interactive outcomes for these two variables, suggest that the role of food should remain a priority in ocean acidification research.

Arising from: L. Ramajo et al., Sci. Rep. 6: 19374 (2016).
GTP-binding facilitates EB1 recruitment onto microtubules by relieving its auto-inhibition
Authors: Gireesh K. K. , Shine A. , Lakshmi R. Bhagya , Vijayan Vinesh , Manna Tapas K.
Published: June 2018

Microtubule plus end-binding protein, EB1 is a key regulator of microtubule dynamics. Auto-inhibitory interaction in EB1 has previously been shown to inhibit its ability to bind to microtubules and regulate microtubule dynamics. However, the factors that promote its microtubule regulatory activity by over-coming the auto-inhibition are less known. Here, we show that GTP plays a critical role in promoting the microtubule-targeting activity of EB1 by suppressing its auto-inhibition. Our biophysical data demonstrate that GTP binds to EB1 at a distinct site in its conserved N-terminal domain. Detailed analyses reveal that GTP-binding suppresses the intra-molecular inhibitory interaction between the globular N-terminus and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain. We further show that mutation of the GTP-binding site residues in N-terminus weakens the affinity for GTP, but also for the C-terminus, indicating overlapping binding sites. Confocal imaging and biochemical analysis reveal that EB1 localization on the microtubules is significantly increased upon mutations of the GTP-binding site residues. The results demonstrate a unique role of GTP in facilitating EB1 interaction with the microtubules by relieving its intra-molecular inhibition. They also implicate that GTP-binding may regulate the functions of EB1 on the cellular microtubules.
Unsupervised CT Lung Image Segmentation of a Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Model
Authors: Gordaliza Pedro M. , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Abella Mónica , Desco Manuel , Sharpe Sally , Vaquero Juan José
Published: June 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that produces pulmonary damage. Radiological imaging is the preferred technique for the assessment of TB longitudinal course. Computer-assisted identification of biomarkers eases the work of the radiologist by providing a quantitative assessment of disease. Lung segmentation is the step before biomarker extraction. In this study, we present an automatic procedure that enables robust segmentation of damaged lungs that have lesions attached to the parenchyma and are affected by respiratory movement artifacts in a Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection model. Its main steps are the extraction of the healthy lung tissue and the airway tree followed by elimination of the fuzzy boundaries. Its performance was compared with respect to a segmentation obtained using: (1) a semi-automatic tool and (2) an approach based on fuzzy connectedness. A consensus segmentation resulting from the majority voting of three experts’ annotations was considered our ground truth. The proposed approach improves the overlap indicators (Dice similarity coefficient, 94% ± 4%) and the surface similarity coefficients (Hausdorff distance, 8.64 mm ± 7.36 mm) in the majority of the most difficult-to-segment slices. Results indicate that the refined lung segmentations generated could facilitate the extraction of meaningful quantitative data on disease burden.
Detection of small bunches of ions using image charges
Authors: Räcke Paul , Spemann Daniel , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Rauschenbach Bernd , Meijer Jan
Published: June 2018

A concept for detection of charged particles in a single fly-by, e.g. within an ion optical system for deterministic implantation, is presented. It is based on recording the image charge signal of ions moving through a detector, comprising a set of cylindrical electrodes. This work describes theoretical and practical aspects of image charge detection (ICD) and detector design and its application in the context of real time ion detection. It is shown how false positive detections are excluded reliably, although the signal-to-noise ratio is far too low for time-domain analysis. This is achieved by applying a signal threshold detection scheme in the frequency domain, which - complemented by the development of specialised low-noise preamplifier electronics - will be the key to developing single ion image charge detection for deterministic implantation.
Risk of Infection and Sepsis in Pediatric Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to Hospital Following Major Trauma
Authors: Pandya Anjli , Chaput Kathleen Helen , Schertzer Andrea , Moser Diane , Guilfoyle Jonathan , MacGillivray Sherry , Blackwood Jaime , Joffe Ari R. , Thompson Graham C.
Published: June 2018

Head injury accounts for 29% of all traumatic deaths in children. Sepsis is significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in adult traumatic brain injury patients. In the pediatric population, this relationship is not well understood. The objective of this study was to compare the proportion of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and trauma patients without brain injury (NTBI) who developed sepsis or any infection during their index hospital admission. We performed a retrospective study of all trauma patients <18 years of age, admitted to trauma centres in Alberta, Canada from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012. Patients who died within 24 hrs of trauma (n = 147) and those with burns as the primary mechanism of injury (n = 53) were excluded. Hospital admission data for the remaining 2556 patients was analyzed. 1727 TBI patients and 829 NTBI patients were included. TBI was associated with lower odds of developing sepsis (OR 0.32 95% CI 0.14–0.77 p = 0.011). TBI was not found to be independently associated with developing any infectious complication after adjusting for confounding by Injury Severity Score (OR 1.25 95% CI 0.90–1.74 p = 0.180). These relationships warrant further study.
Optimal integration of actions and their visual effects is based on both online and prior causality evidence
Authors: Debats Nienke B. , Heuer Herbert
Published: June 2018

The brain needs to identify redundant sensory signals in order to integrate them optimally. The identification process, referred to as causal inference, depends on the spatial and temporal correspondence of the incoming sensory signals (‘online sensory causality evidence’) as well as on prior expectations regarding their causal relation. We here examine whether the same causal inference process underlies spatial integration of actions and their visual consequences. We used a basic cursor-control task for which online sensory causality evidence is provided by the correlated hand and cursor movements, and prior expectations are formed by everyday experience of such correlated movements. Participants made out-and-back movements and subsequently judged the hand or cursor movement endpoints. In one condition, we omitted the online sensory causality evidence by showing the cursor only at the movement endpoint. The integration strength was lower than in conditions where the cursor was visible during the outward movement, but a substantial level of integration persisted. These findings support the hypothesis that the binding of actions and their visual consequences is based on the general mechanism of optimal integration, and they specifically show that such binding can occur even if it is previous experience only that identifies the action consequence.
Understanding the mechanism of transition metal-free anti addition to alkynes: the selenoboration case
Authors: García-López Diego , Civit Marc G. , Vogels Christopher M. , Ricart Josep M. , Westcott Stephen A. , Fernández Elena , Carbó Jorge J.
Published: June 2018

A novel mechanism was proposed for the stereoselective anti-addition of selenoboranes to alkynes using catalytic amounts of PCy3.
Photoluminescence tuning in carbon dots: surface passivation or/and functionalization, heteroatom doping
Authors: Li Linbo , Dong Tao
Published: June 2018

Versatile photoluminescence tuning in carbon dots through heteroatom doping and surface passivation and/or functionalization (SPF).
Supramolecularly self-assembled nano-twin drug for reversing multidrug resistance
Authors: Wu Chenwei , Xu Li , Shi Leilei , Gao Xihui , Li Jing , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan
Published: June 2018

A new approach to reverse the multidrug resistance for cancer therapy.
Catalytic properties of pristine and defect-engineered Zr-MOF-808 metal organic frameworks
Authors: Mautschke H.-H. , Drache F. , Senkovska I. , Kaskel S. , Llabrés i Xamena F. X.
Published: June 2018

Defect-engineered Zr-MOF-808 are superior catalysts for Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of (bulky) carbonyls.
An in situ reactivation study reveals the supreme stability of γ-alumina for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene
Authors: Melián-Cabrera Ignacio , Zarubina Valeriya , Nederlof Christiaan , Kapteijn Freek , Makkee Michiel
Published: June 2018

Ethylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation over γ-alumina under in situ conditions has revealed that the catalyst recovers fully the original conversion and selectivity under steady state conditions.
Inter-individual, inter-city, and temporal trends of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human milk from Swedish mothers between 1972 and 2016
Authors: Nyberg Elisabeth , Awad Raed , Bignert Anders , Ek Caroline , Sallsten Gerd , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: June 2018

Inter-individual, inter-city, and temporal trends (1972–2016) in PFAS concentrations were examined in human milk from Sweden.
HBPEI-grafted carbon nanotubes for the effective retention of Pd2+ and Pt2+ through complexation
Authors: Abdelkader-Fernández Víctor K. , Morales-Lara Francisco , López de la Torre Mª Dolores , Melguizo Manuel , López-Garzón F. Javier , Domingo-García María , Pérez-Mendoza Manuel
Published: June 2018

Using the complexing properties of HBPEIs for the effective retention of Pd and Pt on MWCNT.
Biofunctionalized and self-supported polypyrrole frameworks as nanostructured ECM-like biointerfaces
Authors: Lefèvre Damien , Louvegny Juliette , Naudin Mathieu , Ferain Etienne , Dupont-Gillain Christine , Demoustier-Champagne Sophie
Published: June 2018

A versatile template-based approach allows for the synthesis of nanostructured biointerfaces, made of core–shell nanotubes, combining bioactivity and mechanical stability.
A miniaturized electronic sensor for instant monitoring of ethanol in gasohol fuel blends
Authors: Irshad Muhammad , Mujahid Adnan , Afzal Adeel , Bajwa Sadia Z. , Hussain Tajamal , Zaman Waheed-uz- , Latif Usman , Athar Muhammad Makshoof
Published: June 2018

A schematic representation of the developed setup for ethanol sensing measurements in gasohol blends.
User-friendly point-of-care detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus using light guide in three-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Lee Nuree , Wang Cong , Park Jungyul
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a user-friendly and highly sensitive detection method for influenza A (H1N1) virus using the cooperation of quantum dot (Qdot)-aptamer beacons and light guide in a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal (PC).
Shape-controlled synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different iron precursors and capping agents
Authors: Fatima Hira , Lee Dae-Won , Yun Hyun Joong , Kim Kyo-Seon
Published: June 2018

This paper describes a modified method to prepare monodisperse Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with different shapes (cube, octahedron, and sphere).
Chitosan-based self-assembled nanocarriers coordinated to cisplatin for cancer treatment
Authors: Trummer Ronny , Rangsimawong Worranan , Sajomsang Warayuth , Kumpugdee-Vollrath Mont , Opanasopit Praneet , Tonglairoum Prasopchai
Published: June 2018

Polymeric nanocarriers were prepared using chitosan derivatives, and were coordinated to cisplatin.The nanocarrier properties and cytotoxicity on the human carcinoma cells, HN22, were investigated.
Enhanced biohydrogen production from nutrient-free anaerobic fermentation medium with edible fungal pretreated rice straw
Authors: Sheng Tao , Zhao Lei , Gao Lingfang , Liu Wenzong , Wu Guofeng , Wu Jieting , Wang Aijie
Published: June 2018

An edible fungal pretreatment of rice straw was proposed for enhanced hydrogen production while reducing the chemical cost for traditional biological hydrogen production from lignocellulose.
Understanding and improving assays for cytotoxicity of nanoparticles: what really matters?
Authors: Labouta Hagar I. , Sarsons Christopher , Kennard Jacob , Gomez-Garcia M. Juliana , Villar Kenrick , Lee Hyungbok , Cramb David T. , Rinker Kristina D.
Published: June 2018

Nanoparticle cytotoxicity results vary with the inclusion or exclusion of positive controls. In the absence of positive controls, one tends to emphasize small changes in cell responses to nanoparticles.
Effective carrier-free gene-silencing activity of cholesterol-modified siRNAs
Authors: Salim Lidya , McKim Chris , Desaulniers Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

The use of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as therapeutics holds great promise, but chemical modifications must first be employed to improve their pharmacokinetic properties.
Flexible porous molecular materials responsive to CO2, CH4and Xe stimuli
Authors: Bassanetti Irene , Bracco Silvia , Comotti Angiolina , Negroni Mattia , Bezuidenhout Charl , Canossa Stefano , Mazzeo Paolo Pio , Marchió Luciano , Sozzani Piero
Published: June 2018

Channel expansion of flexible molecular architectures endowed with porosity has been proved to be responsive to gas stimuli, such as pressurized CO2, CH4, Xe and hydrocarbons.
Multifunctional polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) bicomponent fiber filter with anchored nanocrystalline MnO2 for effective air purification
Authors: Dai Zijian , Su Jiafei , Zhu Xiaoming , Xu Kangli , Zhu Jie , Huang Chen , Ke Qinfei
Published: June 2018

A multifunctional composite filter combined with nanocrystalline MnO2 and a PE/PP bicomponent fiber by introducing corona charge technology has been fabricated and exhibited excellent filtration, adsorption and catalytic abilities in air pollutant abatement.
Boosting the performance of organic cathodes through structure tuning
Authors: Xie Jian , Chen Wangqiao , Long Guankui , Gao Weibo , Xu Zhichuan J. , Liu Ming , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2018

Two novel redox-active organic cathodes PPTO and PEPTO have been developed. The replacement of a single C–C bond (in PPTO) with a carbon–carbon (CC) triple bond (in PEPTO) could greatly enhance the performance of organic cathodes. As a result, PEPTO delivers a significantly improved rate stability at high current densities and an excellent capacity retention of 110 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles.
A synergistic interaction between isolated Au nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies in an amorphous black TiO2 nanoporous film: toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Shi Li , Li Zhao , Dao Thang Duy , Nagao Tadaaki , Yang Yang
Published: June 2018

We explore a strategy for significantly enhancing the photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency by means of a synergistic interaction between plasmonic Au nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies in an amorphous black TiO2 nanoporous film.
Rational design of a multidimensional N-doped porous carbon/MoS2/CNT nano-architecture hybrid for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ren Juan , Zhou Yibei , Xia Li , Zheng Qiaoji , Liao Jie , Long Enyan , Xie Fengyu , Xu Chenggang , Lin Dunmin
Published: June 2018

A novel multidimensional N-doped porous carbon/MoS2/CNT (FSC/MoS2/CNT) nano-architecture hybrid is rationally designed and successfully fabricated by the facile pyrolysis and hydrothermal processes for advanced lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Chemosensors for biogenic amines and biothiols
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Chopra Shweta , Singh Gagandeep , Raj Pushap , Bhasin Aman , Sahoo Suban K. , Kuwar Anil , Singh Narinder
Published: June 2018

There is burgeoning interest among supramolecular chemists to develop novel molecular systems to detect biogenic amines and bio-thiols in aqueous and non-aqueous media due to their potential role in biological processes.
Flexible and conductive titanium carbide–carbon nanofibers for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid
Authors: Guo Qiaohui , Wu Tingting , Liu Lijuan , Hou Haoqing , Chen Shuiliang , Wang Li
Published: June 2018

Flexible and conductive titanium carbide/carbon nanofiber films are fabricated for the simultaneous and sensitive determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.
Porous nanozymes: the peroxidase-mimetic activity of mesoporous iron oxide for the colorimetric and electrochemical detection of global DNA methylation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ripon , Tanaka Shunsuke , Moriam Sofia , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Lin Jianjian , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: June 2018

Peroxidase-mimetic activity of mesoporous Fe2O3nanomaterials in global DNA methylation detection using naked eye and electrochemical readout.
Distribution and stabilization of bismuth NIR centers in Bi-doped aluminosilicate laser glasses by managing glass network structure
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Peng Mingying , Cao Jiangkun , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui
Published: June 2018

Bismuth NIR emission centers can be stabilized or destabilized by a local excess charge model, and their emissions can be enhanced within lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses by managing the glass structure.
Robust clicked assembly based on iron oxide nanoparticles for a new type of SPR biosensor
Authors: Dolci Mathias , Bryche Jean-François , Leuvrey Cedric , Zafeiratos Spyridon , Gree Simon , Begin-Colin Sylvie , Barbillon Gregory , Pichon Benoit P.
Published: June 2018

A novel strategy to create an original nanostructured SPR biosensor with enhanced sensitivity is reported. Iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies with tunable structure and decorated with bio receptors were grafted onto gold thin films by taking advantage of “click” chemistry.
A novel strategy for markedly enhancing the red upconversion emission in Er3+/Tm3+ cooperated nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Jiating , Yang Dan , Han Wei , Dong Shuming , Jia Tao , He Fei , Bi Huiting , Gai Shili , Li Li , Yang Piaoping
Published: June 2018

A novel core–shell structured nanocrystal with energy trapping centers of Tm3+ ions doped in the Er3+-hosted core zone and Yb3+ ions doped in the shell portion is innovated to achieve super-bright red upconversion emission upon low 980 nm laser excitation.
Synchronously improved dielectric and mechanical properties of wave-transparent laminated composites combined with outstanding thermal stability by incorporating iysozyme/POSS functionalized PBO fibers
Authors: Gu Junwei , Li Yang , Liang Chaobo , Tang Yusheng , Tang Lin , Zhang Yikun , Kong Jie , Liu Hu , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2018

Synchronously improved dielectric and mechanical properties of wave-transparent laminated composites combined with outstanding thermal stability by incorporating lysozyme/POSS functionalized PBO fibers.
The mitochondrial pathway is involved in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced renal apoptosis in mice
Authors: Wei Qin , Luo Qin , Liu Huan , Chen Linlin , Cui Hengmin , Fang Jing , Zuo Zhicai , Deng Junliang , Li Yinglun , Wang Xun , Zhao Ling
Published: June 2018

The objective of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in the mouse kidney by using the methods of flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and experimental pathology.
A methodology for performing sensitivity analysis in dynamic fuel cycle simulation studies applied to a PWR fleet simulated with the CLASS tool
Authors: Thiollière Nicolas , Clavel Jean-Baptiste , Courtin Fanny , Doligez Xavier , Ernoult Marc , Issoufou Zakari , Krivtchik Guillaume , Leniau Baptiste , Mouginot Baptiste , Bidaud Adrien , David Sylvain , Lebrin Victor , Perigois Carole , Richet Yann , Somaini Alice
Published: June 2018

Fuel cycle simulators are used worldwide to provide scientific assessment to fuel cycle future strategies. Those tools help understanding the fuel cycle physics and determining the most impacting drivers at the cycle scale. A standard scenario calculation is usually based on a set of operational assumptions, such as reactor Burn-Up, deployment history, cooling time, etc. Scenario output is then the evolution of isotopes mass in the facilities that composes the nuclear fleet. The increase of computing capacities and the use of neutron data fast predictors provide new opportunities in nuclear scenario studies. Indeed, a very high number of calculations is possible, which allows testing a high number of operational assumptions combinations. The global sensitivity analysis (GSA) formalism is specifically well adapted for this kind of problem. In this new framework, a scenario study is based on the sampling of operational data, which become input variables. A first result of a scenario study is the highlight of relations between operational input data and outputs. Input variable subspace that satisfy optimization criteria on an output, such as plutonium incineration or stabilization, can also be determined. In this paper, a focus is made on the methodology based on GSA. This innovative methodology is presented and applied to a simple fleet simulation composed of a PWR-UOx fuel and a PWR-MOx fuel. Calculations are done with the fuel cycle simulator CLASS developed by the CNRS/IN2P3 in collaboration with IRSN. The design of experiment is built from five fuel cycle input sampled variables. Sensitivity indices have been calculated on plutonium and minor actinide (MA) production. It shows that the PWR-UOx Burn-Up and the fraction of PWR-MOx fuel are the most important input variables that explain the plutonium production. For the MA production, main drivers depend strongly on isotopes. Sensitivity analysis also reveals input variable subspace responsible of simulation crash, what led to an important improvement of the model algorithms. An equilibrium condition on the plutonium mass in the stockpile used for building MOx fuel has been applied. The solution is represented as a subspace in the PWR-UOx Burn-Up and PWR-MOx fraction input space. For instance, achieving a plutonium equilibrium in a stockpile fed by a PWR-UOx that operates at 40 GWd/t requires a PWR-MOx fraction between 9 and 14%. This study also provides data related to plutonium incineration induced by the utilization of the MOx.
Les sources intégrées de photons intriqués au coeur des technologies quantiques
Authors: Amanti Maria , Baboux Florent , Ducci Sara
Published: June 2018

L’intrication est un des aspects les plus fascinants et contre-intuitifs des systèmes quantiques, devenue une ressource clé dans tous les domaines de l’information quantique, des communications à la métrologie, des simulations au calcul. La photonique quantique intégrée est en train de jouer un rôle moteur pour le développement de sources de photons intriqués de plus en plus performantes et leur insertion dans des circuits quantiques complexes.
Des trompettes photoniques pour les technologies quantiques
Authors: Gerard Jean-Michel , Claudon Julien
Published: June 2018

La source de photon unique est un composant clef pour le développement des technologies quantiques. À ce jour, les sources les plus performantes exploitent l’émission spontanée d’une boîte quantique semiconductrice, canalisée dans un mode optique bien défini grâce à une nanostructure photonique. Nous présentons une approche originale, la trompette photonique, qui a permis de réaliser des sources monomodes, efficaces et d’une grande agilité spectrale. Par ailleurs, ces objets possèdent des propriétés optomécaniques remarquables et permettent de réaliser des capteurs ultrasensibles.
Comprendre. Le comptage de photons corrélés en temps
Authors: Alibart Olivier , D’Auria Virginia , Sauder Grégory , Labonte Laurent , Tanzilli Sébastien
Published: June 2018

L’analyse des corrélations temporelles entre des photons se trouve au cœur des protocoles de traitement de l’information quantique (communication, métrologie et calcul) présentés dans ce dossier. Ces mesures de corrélation sont issues de techniques d’optique quantique fondamentale formalisées par R. Glauber en 1963 [Phys. Rev. 130, 2529] qui permettent de mesurer les propriétés des champs électromagnétiques et d’en détecter des régularités, des signatures dans un signal bruité. D’une façon plus générale, elles sont le résultat d’interférences d’ordre supérieur et sont, dans certains cas, directement reliées à la cohérence « classique » des champs optiques.
Experiment im Unterrichtsfach Bewegungssystem – Ethik undercover
Authors: Moers Stephanie
Published: June 2018

Die Therapeutin empfiehlt Pilates. Der Patient liebt aber Kegeln und kann mit Pilates nichts anfangen. Eine banale Situation? Oder ein Dilemma, das schon mal zu einem Therapieabbruch führen kann? Ein Ausbildungskurs diskutiert diesen Fall im Fach Bewegungssystem und lernt dabei viel über Ethik.
Damit Schmerzen verstanden werden – Richtig kommunizieren
Authors: Pfeiffer Fabian
Published: June 2018

Fast täglich sind wir Physiotherapeuten mit Fragen wie „Warum habe ich immer noch Schmerzen?“ oder „Was kann ich gegen die Schmerzen tun?“ konfrontiert. Wie wir am besten reagieren, welche Gesprächstechniken es gibt und inwiefern wir überhaupt als Ratgeber fungieren sollten, wird derzeit heiß diskutiert. Fakt ist: Verbale und nonverbale Kommunikation spielen in der Praxis eine wichtige Rolle und tragen maßgeblich zum Therapieerfolg bei.
HIFE: bewährtes Sturzpräventionstraining aus Schweden – Hochintensiv trainieren
Authors: Kastner Susanne
Published: June 2018

Verbessern Senioren ihre Beinkraft und die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit, sinkt ihr Sturzrisiko. Das aus Skandinavien stammende Präventionsprogramm HIFE arbeitet mit 39 Übungen, einem Gewichtsgürtel und der Vorgabe, am individuellen Leistungsmaximum zu trainieren.
Pilates-Mattenprogramm – Auf die Matte – fertig, los!
Authors: Bonno Isabelle
Published: June 2018

Wer mit seinen Patienten gerne mal etwas Neues probiert, kann das Mattenprogramm nach Pilates in seine Therapie integrieren. Die Übungen stärken die körperliche Fitness und korrigieren die Haltung. Der Fokus liegt dabei stets auf der Atmung und der Körpermitte – dem Powerhouse unseres Körpers.
Instrumente anreichen
Authors: Wagenhäuser Kirsten , Wagenhäuser Karl-Heinz
Published: June 2018

Im dritten Teil unserer Serie zeigen wir, wie man dem Chirurgen die Instrumente anreicht und sie wieder zurücknimmt. Prinzipiell soll dabei ein reibungsloser
Ablauf des OP-Eingriffs nicht gestört werden. Das funktioniert nur, wenn der Operateur den Blick vom OP-Feld nicht abwenden muss. Daher gilt es, Instrumente
fließend anzureichen und korrekt in die richtige Hand zu geben, sodass der Chirurg nicht umgreifen oder das Instrumente gar in die richtige Position drehen
muss. Gleichzeitig müssen die Unfallverhütungsvorschriften eingehalten werden, da das OP-Team sonst sehr schnell durch scharfe beziehungsweise spitze
Instrumente verletzt werden kann.
Überprüfung der deutschen Kurzversion der „New Sexual Satisfaction Scale“ (NSSS-SD) in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe
Authors: Hoy Madita , Strauß Bernhard , Kröger Christoph , Brenk-Franz Katja
Published: June 2018

Die New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) ist ein international etablierter Fragebogen zur Erfassung der sexuellen Zufriedenheit mit ursprünglich 2 Subskalen (selbstfokussierte bzw. partner-/aktivitätenfokussierte sexuelle Zufriedenheit). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die deutsche Kurzversion des Fragebogens (NSSS-SD) im Rahmen einer Repräsentativerhebung in Deutschland (N=2524) zu überprüfen. Zusätzlich wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen sexueller Zufriedenheit und soziodemografischen Faktoren (Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungsstand) sowie Aspekten der Partnerschaft und Sexualität (Beziehungszufriedenheit, Koitusfrequenz, Anzahl der Sexualpartner) untersucht. Die interne Konsistenz der NSSS-SD lag bei 0,96. Die 2-dimensionale Struktur der Langversion konnte für die Kurzversion nicht bestätigt werden. Es konnte ein Faktor extrahiert werden, welcher 68,94% der Varianz aufklärt. Varianzanalysen ergaben signifikante Unterschiede in der sexuellen Zufriedenheit bezüglich Alter, Bildungsstand, Beziehungszufriedenheit und Koitusfrequenz, nicht aber bezogen auf Geschlecht oder Anzahl der Sexualpartner. Die NSSS-SD ermöglicht die Messung der sexuellen Zufriedenheit für sexuell aktive Personen. Für sexuell inaktive Personen sollte eine Änderung der Instruktion in Betracht gezogen oder eine visuelle Analogskala angeboten werden.
Uncommon Diverticular Disease
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay , Webb Shawn
Published: June 2018

This article describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of three rare variants of diverticular disease: cecal and right-sided colonic diverticula, giant colonic diverticula, and small bowel diverticula.
Granulations denses anormales dans les thrombocytes humains
Authors: Jean G , Racine L , Gautieret A , Marx R
Published: June 2018

On sait que les granulations denses des thrombocytes humains peuvent présenter, dans certains cas, des aspects inhabituels: granulations denses en bâtonnet, granulations denses géantes et granulations denses en “oeil-de-boeuf”. L’étude systématique au microscope électronique de thrombocytes de sujets sains et de 30 patients atteints de thrombopathies diverses a permis d’analyser la fréquence de l’apparition de cette altération, mais n’a pas montré que la présence de granulations denses anormales caractérise un type de thrombopathie déterminé. Par contre, l’analyse des réactions de ces organites tant normaux qu’anormaux vis-à- vis de certains “contrastants électroniques”, ainsi que l’étude ultrastructurelle de la thrombocytopoïèse chez l’animal de laboratoire, ont permis d’émettre quelques hypothèses sur leur genèse et leur signification. Enfin, les auteurs discutent des rapports qui peuvent exister entre déficience du facteur thrombocytaire 3 et altérations des granulations denses.
The Disappearance of Heparin Activity with Liver Globulins and Determinations of Heparinase
Authors: Jaques L. B , Jaques C Mary
Published: June 2018

Preparations were made of rabbit liver globulin by the method of Jaques for heparinase and their effect on heparin studied. The results confirmed the observations of a progressive loss of anticoagulant activity with globulin in 0.9% saline, of a loss of metachromatic activity after phenol extraction and the reversal of the latter by alkali. The latter observations were due to the solubility in phenol of heparin on combination with protein. With suitable preparations, a decrease in anticoagulant activity without decrease in metachromatic activity was observed, i.e. conversion of heparin to uroheparin. Loss of heparin due to combination with protein and resulting precipitation, solubility in phenol, etc. followed a protein pH-dissociation curve. Loss of heparin anticoagulant activity due to heparinase was maximal at pH 5.4. No loss of heparin occurred at pH values more acid than 5 or more alkaline than 7.
Klinische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Blutgerinnungsbeeinflussung durch Fettinfusionen
Authors: Largiadèr F , von Felten A , Rosenmund H , Jenny M , Krampf K
Published: June 2018

100 genau kontrollierte und weitere 225 ohne spezielle Überwachung im Rahmen der parenteralen Ernährung chirurgischen Patienten applizierte Fettinfusionen (Lipofundin) ergaben nur eine geringe Frequenz durchwegs leichter Nebenwirkungen und (in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen) keine erhöhte Quote von Thrombosen und Embolien. Im Tierexperiment können unmittelbar nach der Infusion keine signifikanten Veränderungen von Quick, Antithrombinzeit sowie Faktoren I, II, V, VII und X nachgewiesen werden, hingegen meist eine Hemmung der Euglobulinlyse, wahrscheinlich durch das Neutralfett. Das r im Thrombelastogramm ist meist verkürzt, offenbar infolge Phosphatidwirkung; die zum Teil beobachtete a-Abnahme ist ungeklärt. Im ThromboplastinGenerations-Test kann die Fettinfusion partiell die Funktion des ChloroformHirnextraktes i.ibernehmen. — Die Befunde werden mit den Angaben der Literatur verglichen. Sie gestatten, Gerinnungsstorungen von der Liste der Fettinfusions-Kontraindikationen zu streichen.
Experimental Venous Thrombosis in the Rat
Authors: Nordöy Arne
Published: June 2018

1. The effect of erythremia and thrombocythemia on thrombus formation has been examined in rats using a standardized operation on the jugular vein. In control animals the incidence of thrombosis was 30’% ( ± 4.6 S. E.).

2. Hypoxic induced erythremia increased the incidence of thrombosis (53% — p <C 0.05). The mean hematocrit value in this group was 62.

3. An increase in the thrombocyte count with 34%, produced by giving a thermostable human plasma fraction to normal rats, did not significantly increase the incidence of thrombosis (40%).

4. An increase in the thrombocyte count with 26% in erythremic animals increased the incidence of thrombosis nearly twice (56%, p <C 0.05).

5. The global tests for plasma coagulation, the fibrinogen levels and the antifibrinolytic activity of plasma were not significantly influenced by the conditions examined.

6. The number of adhesive platelets measured in vitro increased in the animals with erythremia.
Etude de l’agrégation des plaquettes sanguines et de leur métamorphose visqueuse au moyen d’un indicateur fluorescent
Authors: Sokal G
Published: June 2018

La coloration vitale des plaquettes au moyen cPauramine permet de suivre l’évolution des granules au cours de différents processus d’agrégation. Une distinction très nette est possible entre agrégats provoqués par la thrombine et ceux causés par l’ADP.
Die Lysographie Eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Fibrinolysezeit
Authors: Kuhnke E , Gill I. S
Published: June 2018

Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Fibrinolysezeit beschrieben. Bei der Fibrinolyse kommt es durch Abbau der Fibrinfibrillen zu einer Abnahme der Trübung. Die Abnahme dieser Trübung wird photometrisch gemessen und registriert.