bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Frequency, course, and associated risk factors
Authors: Neufeld Kate M. , Moaf Paris , Quilter Michelle , Danguecan Ashley N. , Couture Julie , Dominguez Daniela , Hendrikx Olivia , Ng Lawrence , Schachter Reva , Korczak Daphne D. , Levy Deborah M. , Hiraki Linda , Knight Andrea M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), yet their etiology and course remain unclear. We investigated the frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms longitudinally in youth with cSLE, and associated socio-demographic and disease factors.

Methods

Participants 8-18 years with cSLE completed baseline measures [demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), and psychiatric interview] and follow-up measures (CES-DC and SCARED) > 6 months later. Prevalence of clinically significant depressive (score >15 on CES-DC) or anxiety symptoms (score ≥25 on SCARED) was calculated at baseline and follow-up. Baseline psychiatric interview diagnoses were tabulated. Relationships between socio-demographics (neighborhood-level material deprivation, ethnic concentration, adverse childhood event history, psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative), disease-related factors (disease duration, major organ disease, disease activity, glucocorticoid use, comorbid medical condition) and baseline depressive and anxiety scores, were examined in linear regression models. Factors with univariate associations with p < 0.2 were included in multivariable adjusted models.

Results

At baseline, of 51 participants with a mean disease duration of 4.3 years (SD 2.7), 35% ( n = 18) and 35% ( n = 18) had clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Anxiety disorder was diagnosed by psychiatric interview in 14% ( n = 7), depressive disorders in 6% ( n = 3), and post-traumatic stress disorder in 4% ( n = 2). Adverse childhood events and first-degree relative with psychiatric condition were present in 40% ( n = 20) and 37% ( n = 18), respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, baseline depressive symptoms were positively correlated with neighbourhood-level material deprivation (β = 4.2, 95% CI [1.0, 7.3], p = 0.01) and psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative (β = 7.3, 95% CI [2.2, 12.4], p = 0.006). No associations were found between baseline anxiety scores and patient factors. At a median follow-up of 13.5 months (IQR 10.5, 18) for CES-DC ( n = 34) and SCARED ( n = 44), depressive and anxiety symptoms were persistent (18%, n = 6; 16%, n = 7), and newly present (24%, n = 8; 16% n = 7) at follow-up.

Conclusion

In this sample, depressive and anxiety symptoms were prevalent and persistent. Depressive symptoms correlated with neighborhood-level material deprivation, and family psychiatric history. These findings support routine psychosocial assessment in cSLE, and provision of appropriate resources.
Impact of a pharmacist-led oral chemotherapy monitoring clinic at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System
Authors: Shook Cheyanne , Malamakal John , Gass Michael J , Brown Audrey , Frei Christopher R , Horowitz Amy
Published: May 2024

As cancer treatments shift from traditional intravenous chemotherapy to inclusion of oral oncolytics, there is a critical need for structured oral chemotherapy monitoring and follow-up programs. To provide continuous care and minimize clinical gaps to Veterans receiving oral chemotherapy, the hematology/oncology clinical pharmacy practitioners designed and initiated a pilot, pharmacist-driven, Oral Chemotherapy Monitoring Clinic at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System supported by an oral chemotherapy certified pharmacy technician. A retrospective evaluation of patients receiving oral chemotherapy at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System was performed before (Phase I) and after (Phase II) pilot implementation to assess the impact of an Oral Chemotherapy Monitoring Clinic on compliance with drug-specific lab and symptom monitoring. Complete monitoring was defined as 100% of recommended labs and symptoms assessed per cycle, partial monitoring was <100%, but >0%, and incomplete monitoring was defined as 0%. The primary outcome assessed the proportion of patients receiving complete monitoring in Phase II compared to Phase I. Most patients were male (94%), with a median age of 72 years. The most common oncolytic was abiraterone acetate. Overall, drug-specific baseline and follow-up laboratory and symptom monitoring was complete at a statistically significantly higher rate in Phase II compared with Phase I ( p-value < 0.01). A significantly higher portion of patients in the Phase II cohort had a clinical pharmacy practitioner intervention (44% vs. 90%; p < 0.01). Monitoring for Veterans receiving oral chemotherapy was optimized with clinical pharmacy practitioner and certified pharmacy technician involvement while simultaneously alleviating Oncologist and nurse oral chemotherapy workload.
Tribological performance of additive-manufactured aluminum alloy—effect of post-weld cold deformation
Authors: Noor Ariffin SSM , Abdullah AB , Nasir RM , Rajendran R , Yusuf SYM , Jaafar NA
Published: May 2024

Aluminum alloys are widely used in various automotive parts because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, their tribology properties, such as wear rate, are relatively high, resulting in a shorter life span than expected. Reconstructing the worn area using welding-based additive manufacturing (AM), such as wire arc AM, offers many advantages. However, heat may decrease the strength and hardness of the deposited material. This study intends to investigate the tribology properties of additive-manufactured aluminum alloy and their effects on mechanical deformation via cold forging. In this study, a reciprocating ball-on-flat test based on ASTM G133 is utilized. The additive-manufactured aluminum alloy ER5356 is studied based on three parameters, i.e. forged/unforged condition, speed, and load. In conclusion, cold forging improves the properties of the deposited material. Optimization using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance verifies that cold forging condition is the most significant parameter for the coefficient of friction and wear rate pattern. The SEM observation seems to agree with the wear pattern.
Semiotic protocols for cultural trend analysis in strategic communication: Brand cases from the telecommunications sector
Authors: Pinto Grunfeld Manuel , Pinheiro Gomes Nelson
Published: May 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic strongly influenced daily practices, and this manifested in social interactions, communications and consumption. This work addresses the relations between branding and cultural trends in strategic communication and advertising in different contexts of the pandemic. First, we reviewed the concepts of branding and cultural trends. From there, it was necessary to develop a methodological proposal to articulate a connotative semiotic analysis with the semiotic square and a cultural trend mapping. The analysis was carried out through an independent and comparative reading of two-time phases: confinement (2020) and end of constraints (2022). Three telecommunications brands in Portugal act as case studies in a random and probabilistic sample of two audiovisual texts from Christmas campaigns each. Finally, a theoretical-operational triangulation is obtained between branding, cultural trends and semiotic analysis in promoting local brands that redefine spaces, social relations, and identity expression during and after the COVID-19 pandemic confinements.
Effect of structural parameters, knotting methods, and wet state on the tensile properties of sutures for orthopedic surgery
Authors: Zhu Qiling , Liu Lele , Ma Pibo
Published: May 2024

With the popularity of sports and fitness, the chances of sports injuries for people have increased. Orthopedic sutures play an important role in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) yarns, with excellent tensile, compressive, impact strength, abrasion resistance, and chemical stability, are competitive materials for the preparation of sutures, but the tensile properties of sutures in knotted and wet environments are more informative in practical applications. In this paper, the effects of different structural parameters, knotting methods, and environments on the physical properties of nonabsorbable UHMWPE sutures, including appearance, breaking force, and breaking elongation, were investigated. The results showed that sutures with circular cross-sections had the best tensile properties; the loop knot gave the suture the greatest breaking strength, but also the smallest elongation, and the more complex the knot, the greater the elongation of the suture; dry and wet conditions have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of sutures. It is expected that this study will provide theoretical support for the optimal design of sutures and provide a basis for doctors to choose the knotting method.
A Thermostatic Model of Congressional Elections
Authors: Grossmann Matt , Wlezien Christopher
Published: May 2024

Are policymakers rewarded in elections when they succeed in moving public policy in their ideological direction? Or do they face a thermostatic backlash, as citizens judge their policy moves as too hot or too cold? Our analysis of Congressional election outcomes since 1948 adds information on Congressional policy actions to traditional election models emphasizing the surge and decline of presidential support and referendums based on presidential approval and the economy. We find that the electorate reacts to the ideological direction of policy, voting against parties that push policy further to the left or the right in both midterm and presidential years. Even after accounting for policy and traditional explanations, however, there remains a large midterm penalty for the president’s party.
Assessing the Impact of Charged Particle Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tan Mingyu , Chen Yanliang , Du Tianqi , Wang Qian , Wu Xun , Zhang Qiuning , Luo Hongtao , Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Shilong , Yang Kehu , Tian Jinhui , Wang Xiaohu
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC) is a radioresistant tumor. Particle therapy, primarily proton beam therapy and carbon-ion radiation, is a potential radiotherapy treatment for radioresistant malignancies. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of charged particle radiation therapy on HNACC. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline until December 31, 2022. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary outcomes included treatment-related toxicity. Version 17.0 of STATA was used for all analyses. Results: A total of 14 studies, involving 1297 patients, were included in the analysis. The pooled 5-year OS and PFS rates for primary HNACC were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66-91%) and 62% (95% CI = 47-77%), respectively. For all patients included, the pooled 2-year and 5-year OS, LC, and PFS rates were as follows: 86.1% (95% CI = 95-100%) and 77% (95% CI = 73-82%), 92% (95% CI = 84-100%) and 73% (95% CI = 61-85%), and 76% (95% CI = 68-84%) and 55% (95% CI = 48-62%), respectively. The rates of grade 3 and above acute toxicity were 22% (95% CI = 13-32%), while late toxicity rates were 8% (95% CI = 3-13%). Conclusions: Particle therapy has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and raise the quality of life for HNACC patients. However, further research and optimization are needed due to the limited availability and cost considerations associated with this treatment modality.
Running Out of Breath: The Diminishing Role of Gabapentinoids in Epilepsy
Authors: Lapalme-Remis Samuel
Published: May 2024

[Box: see text]
Efficient designs for three-sequence stepped wedge trials with continuous recruitment
Authors: Hooper Richard , Quintin Olivier , Kasza Jessica
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims:

The standard approach to designing stepped wedge trials that recruit participants in a continuous stream is to divide time into periods of equal length. But the choice of design in such cases is infinitely more flexible: each cluster could cross from the control to the intervention at any point on the continuous time-scale. We consider the case of a stepped wedge design with clusters randomised to just three sequences (designs with small numbers of sequences may be preferred for their simplicity and practicality) and investigate the choice of design that minimises the variance of the treatment effect estimator under different assumptions about the intra-cluster correlation.

Methods:

We make some simplifying assumptions in order to calculate the variance: in particular that we recruit the same number of participants, [Formula: see text], from each cluster over the course of the trial, and that participants present at regularly spaced intervals. We consider an intra-cluster correlation that decays exponentially with separation in time between the presentation of two individuals from the same cluster, from a value of [Formula: see text] for two individuals who present at the same time, to a value of [Formula: see text] for individuals presenting at the start and end of the trial recruitment interval. We restrict attention to three-sequence designs with centrosymmetry – the property that if we reverse time and swap the intervention and control conditions then the design looks the same. We obtain an expression for the variance of the treatment effect estimator adjusted for effects of time, using methods for generalised least squares estimation, and we evaluate this expression numerically for different designs, and for different parameter values.

Results:

There is a two-dimensional space of possible three-sequence, centrosymmetric stepped wedge designs with continuous recruitment. The variance of the treatment effect estimator for given [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be plotted as a contour map over this space. The shape of this variance surface depends on [Formula: see text] and on the parameter [Formula: see text], but typically indicates a broad, flat region of close-to-optimal designs. The ‘standard’ design with equally spaced periods and 1:1:1 allocation rarely performs well, however.

Conclusions:

In many different settings, a relatively simple design can be found (e.g. one based on simple fractions) that offers close-to-optimal efficiency in that setting. There may also be designs that are robustly efficient over a wide range of settings. Contour maps of the kind we illustrate can help guide this choice. If efficiency is offered as one of the justifications for using a stepped wedge design, then it is worth designing with optimal efficiency in mind.
Using mHealth to reduce disparities in Black maternal health: Perspectives from Black rural postpartum mothers
Authors: Hernandez-Green Natalie , Davis Morgan V , Farinu Oluyemi , Hernandez-Spalding Kaitlyn , Lewis Kennedy , Beshara Merna S , Francis Sherilyn , Baker LeThenia Joy , Byrd Sherrell , Parker Andrea , Chandler Rasheeta
Published: May 2024

Background:

Racial disparities are evident in maternal morbidity and mortality rates globally. Black women are more likely to die from pregnancy and childbirth than any other race or ethnicity. This leaves one of the largest gaps in women’s health to date.

Objectives:

mHealth interventions that connect with women soon after discharge may assist in individualizing and formalizing support for mothers in the early postpartum period. To aid in developing an mHealth application, Black postpartum mothers’ perspectives were examined.

Design:

Utilizing the Sojourner Syndrome Framework and Maternal Mortality & Morbidity Measurement Framework, group interview discussion guides were developed to examine the facilitators and barriers of postpartum transitional care for rural Black women living in the United States to inform the development of a mobile health application.

Methods:

In this study, seven group interviews were held with Black mothers, their support persons, and healthcare providers in rural Georgia to aid in the development of the Prevent Maternal Mortality Using Mobile Technology (PM3) mobile health (mHealth) application. Group interviews included questions about (1) post-birth experiences; (2) specific needs (e.g. clinical, social support, social services, etc.) in the postpartum period; (3) perspectives on current hospital discharge processes and information; (4) lived experiences with racism, classism, and/or gender discrimination; and (5) desired features and characteristics for the mobile app development.

Results:

Fourteen out of the 78 screened participants were eligible and completed the group interview. Major discussion themes included: accessibility to healthcare and resources due to rurality, issues surrounding race and perceived racism, mental and emotional well-being in the postpartum period, and perspectives on the PM3 mobile application.

Conclusion:

Participants emphasized the challenges that postpartum Black women face in relation to accessibility, racism and discrimination, and mental health. The women favored a culturally relevant mHealth tool and highlighted the need to tailor the application to address disparities.
Massive open online course on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Lozada-Tequeanes Ana Lilia , Rosas Magallanes Cynthia , Spielman Kathryn L. , Bonvecchio Arenas Anabelle
Published: May 2024

Background:

COVID-19 virus was reported to be transmitted through breastfeeding (BF), creating the need for rapidly available, standardized information and training for health personnel and the community about BF as an urgent action to reduce misinformation and unethical promotion of breast milk substitutes (BMS). In Mexico, a massive open online course (MOOC) was designed and implemented to protect, promote and support BF in emergency contexts.

Methods:

MOOC registration consisted of collection of quantitative data regarding participant characteristics, MOOC coverage, scores achieved and completion rates. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to relate the absolute and relative skills earned in the MOOC to participant characteristics. In addition, factors associated with completion rate and dissemination of information from the MOOC were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and presented as odds ratios.

Results:

During a period of 19 months, 52,426 participants across the country, including health personnel and general population, entered the Cursos en Linea del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CLIMSS) platform, of which 50.5% completed the MOOC. The level of participation was maintained from January 2021 to early 2022 when the perception of the risk of getting sick from COVID-19 and quarantining decreased. In adjusted analysis, completion rate was associated with being older or belonging to a health institution; furthermore, residing in the north of the country doubled the odds of completing the MOOC (odds ratio 2.24; 95% confidence interval 1.95–2.56).

Conclusions:

A MOOC can be a useful training strategy to disseminate information, especially in emergencies where physical distancing is important and reaching the largest possible population is required.
Matter, affect, life: A Whiteheadian intervention into ‘more-than-human’ geographies
Authors: Roberts Tom
Published: May 2024

Geographic theorisations of the ‘non-’ or ‘more-than-human’ continue to play a significant role in disrupting anthropocentrism within the humanities and social sciences. This article explores how Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy can contribute to geography's more-than-human aspirations, focussing on his radically non-anthropocentric theory of experience. Situating his work within geography's recent speculative turn, I unpack the implications of Whitehead's philosophy in relation to three key areas of concern in more-than-human geographies, namely new materialism, affect theory, and (neo-)vitalism. In doing so, I show how geographical critiques of anthropocentric thinking stand to gain from a deeper engagement with Whitehead's work.
Toward decolonizing Muslim geographic epistemologies
Authors: Arik Hulya
Published: May 2024

In this commentary, I engage with the epistemic direction that Sidaway suggests geographers should take to decolonize Muslim geographies. Instead, I argue that geography will benefit from closing the gap with the anthropology of Islam where similar questions have long been debated following the influential work of Talal Asad and his conceptualization of Islam as a ‘discursive tradition’.
Instantiations of alterity: The goy as modern subject
Authors: Dolgopolski Sergey , Boyarin Jonathan
Published: May 2024

This article offers an anthropological and theoretical-archeological comparative exploration of agency, responsibility, and alterity in the Late Ancient Iranian Talmud and its reading in contemporary Manhattan. The guiding question is how the classical rabbinic imagery and conceptualization of the “Goy” or “non-Jew” are implicitly recast in the modern framework of subjectivity, in a social context of quasi-traditionalist Talmud study. The specific Talmudic texts examined focus further on the role that the difference and analogy between humans and other animals plays in this reimagination of the “Goy's” persona.
Combination of TPLO, medial and lateral augmentation techniques for the treatment of traumatic stifle luxation in a cat
Authors: Bartolomé i Gadea Paula , Coppola Mario
Published: May 2024

Case summary

An 11-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical management of a traumatic right stifle luxation. Orthopaedic examination of the affected stifle under general anaesthesia revealed joint effusion and craniocaudal and rotational instability. Cranial displacement of the tibia with respect to the femur and infrapatellar pad sign were identified on radiography. Intraoperatively, complete rupture of both cruciate ligaments and marked disruption of the mid and caudal poles of the medial and lateral menisci were observed. Both collateral ligaments appeared intact. The remnants of the injured cruciate ligaments were removed, and medial and lateral caudal hemimeniscectomies were performed. A tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) was performed to address the craniocaudal stifle instability. Intraoperative assessment of the stifle revealed persistent instability with cranial tibial translation, internal and external rotation, and a positive caudal draw test. A lateral augmentation suture was employed to address the persistent cranial tibial translation and internal rotation. To successfully neutralise caudocranial and external rotational instability secondary to the caudal cruciate ligament deficiency, a medial augmentation suture was placed with the aid of three interference screws. Stifle stability was achieved. A modified Robert-Jones bandage was kept on for 24 h postoperatively. An excellent outcome was achieved, with successful limb function restoration.

Relevance and novel information

This case report represents the first documented instance of feline traumatic stifle luxation repair by combining a corrective tibial osteotomy and extra-articular augmentation. Notably, it introduces the novel technique of implementing a TPLO with medial and lateral augmentation sutures to address multidirectional stifle instability.
The Acoustic Properties of Affective Timbres: Consistencies and Discrepancies in a Synthesis of Multiple Datasets
Authors: Korsmit Iza Ray , Montrey Marcel , Wong-Min Alix Yok Tin , McAdams Stephen
Published: May 2024

In the investigation of musical features that influence musical affect, timbre has received relatively little attention. Investigating affective timbres as they vary between instrument families can lead to inconsistent results, because one instrument family can produce a wide variety of timbres. Here, we consider timbre descriptors, as fine-grained acoustic representations of a sound. Using identical methods, we re-analyzed and synthesized results from three previously published studies: Eerola et al. (2012, Mus. Percept.), McAdams et al. (2017, Front. Psychol.), and Korsmit et al. (2023, Front. Psychol.). In doing so, we aimed to reveal robust timbre descriptors that consistently predict the affective response and to explain any discrepancies in results arising from differences in experimental methodology. We computed spectral, temporal, and spectro-temporal descriptors from all stimuli and used these to predict the affect ratings using linear and nonlinear methods. Our most consistent finding was that the fundamental frequency or higher-frequency energy of a sound predicted pleasant affect (i.e., positive valence, happiness, sadness) in one direction and unpleasant affect (i.e., tension, anger, fear) in the opposite direction. Clear discrepancies in previous findings may be attributable to differences in experimental design. When pitch variation was present in a stimulus set, energy arousal was predicted by pitch and inharmonicity, whereas when attack variation was present in the stimulus set, energy arousal was predicted by a faster attack and shorter sustain.
Examining Health Inequities in A1C Control over Time across Individual, Geospatial, and Geopolitical Factors among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Analyses of a Sample from One Commercial Insurer in a Southern State
Authors: Towne Samuel D. , Ory Marcia G. , Zhong Lixian , Smith Matthew Lee , Han Gang , Andreyeva Elena , Carpenter Keri , Ahn SangNam , Preston Veronica Averhart
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Type 2 diabetes impacts millions and poor maintenance of diabetes can lead to preventable complications, which is why achieving and maintaining target A1C levels is critical. Thus, we aimed to examine inequities in A1C over time, place, and individual characteristics, given known inequities across these indicators and the need to provide continued surveillance.

Methods:

Secondary de-identified data from medical claims from a single payer in Texas was merged with population health data. Generalized Estimating Equations were utilized to assess multiple years of data examining the likelihood of having non-target (>7% and ≥7%, two slightly different cut points based on different sources) and separately uncontrolled (>9%) A1C. Adults in Texas, with a Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) flag and with A1C reported in first quarter of the year using data from 2016 and 2019 were included in analyses.

Results:

Approximately 50% had A1Cs within target ranges (<7% and ≤7%), with 50% considered having non-target (>7% and ≥7%) A1Cs; with 83% within the controlled ranges (≤9%) as compared to approximately 17% having uncontrolled (>9%) A1Cs. The likelihood of non-target A1C was higher among those individuals residing in rural (vs urban) areas ( P < .0001); similar for the likelihood of reporting uncontrolled A1C, where those in rural areas were more likely to report uncontrolled A1C ( P < .0001). In adjusted analysis, ACA enrollees in 2016 were approx. 5% more likely (OR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002-1.099) to have non-target A1C (≥7%) compared to 2019; in contrast non-ACA enrollees were approx. 4% more likely to have non-target A1C (≥7%) in 2019 compared to 2016 (OR = 1.039, 95% CI = 1.001-1.079). In adjusted analysis, ACA enrollees in 2016 were 9% more likely (OR = 1.093, 95% CI = 1.025-1.164) to have uncontrolled A1C compared to 2019; whereas there was no significant change among non-ACA enrollees.

Conclusions:

This study can inform health care interactions in diabetes care settings and help health policy makers explore strategies to reduce health inequities among patients with diabetes. Key partners should consider interventions to aid those enrolled in ACA plans, those in rural and border areas, and who may have coexisting health inequities.
Impact of Hearing Aids on Language Outcomes in Preschool Children With Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Hung Yu-Chen , Ho Pei-Hsuan , Chen Pei-Hua , Tsai Yi-Shin , Li Yi-Jui , Lin Hung-Ching
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of hearing aid (HA) usage in language outcomes among preschool children aged 3–5 years with mild bilateral hearing loss (MBHL). The data were retrieved from a total of 52 children with MBHL and 30 children with normal hearing (NH). The association between demographical, audiological factors and language outcomes was examined. Analyses of variance were conducted to compare the language abilities of HA users, non-HA users, and their NH peers. Furthermore, regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of language outcomes. Aided better ear pure-tone average (BEPTA) was significantly correlated with language comprehension scores. Among children with MBHL, those who used HA outperformed the ones who did not use HA across all linguistic domains. The language skills of children with MBHL were comparable to those of their peers with NH. The degree of improvement in audibility in terms of aided BEPTA was a significant predictor of language comprehension. It is noteworthy that 50% of the parents expressed reluctance regarding HA use for their children with MBHL. The findings highlight the positive impact of HA usage on language development in this population. Professionals may therefore consider HAs as a viable treatment option for children with MBHL, especially when there is a potential risk of language delay due to hearing loss. It was observed that 25% of the children with MBHL had late-onset hearing loss. Consequently, the implementation of preschool screening or a listening performance checklist is recommended to facilitate early detection.
Eduverse: Changing Paradigms in Fashion Education and Management
Authors: Manocha Rishab
Published: May 2024

The Metaverse incorporates the immersive benefits of online technology to achieve a digital approach to learning in higher education, and within it, sub-verses are being born, that is, the Eduverse System (ES). Educational institutions, such as Pearl Academy, see more investment in this and are now looking to apply platforms such as the ES to current practices in teaching, learning, and training. However, employing Eduverse for classroom teaching will not be a quick process and comes with many challenges. This research contributes to the existing body of literature on the examination of learners’ perceptions of the incorporation of the Eduverse System into existing pedagogical approaches across all five campuses of Pearl Academy in India. The research model embraces the adoption of four variables that consider diverse aspects of this predicted migration by higher education learners, that is, willingness, perception, convenience, and capability, which will help gauge student responses in relation to the level of satisfaction and intention to adopt ES. Empirical conclusions are calculated by means of an online questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, with a sample size of 500 students from the fashion design programs offered at Pearl Academy. Factor and regression analysis tools, including weighted average score and mean score, help to analyze findings and to ascertain the level of satisfaction in students.
Interpretation of the Infrared Spectra of Metal-Stearate Salts
Authors: Larkin Peter J. , Jackson Andrew
Published: May 2024

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were measured of the sodium, zinc, and calcium metal salts of stearic acid. The normal mode analysis of sodium decanoate provides guidance on the group frequency-based band assignments for these metal stearates. The principal absorption bands are assigned to the vibrations of specific molecular groups, carboxylate and methylene (CH2), and to a lesser extent methyl species. Highly characteristic group frequencies without significant mechanical coupling are observed above 1500 cm–1. Below 1500 cm–1, the vibrational modes of the carboxylate and alkane chain exhibit mechanical coupling. The prominent carboxylate stretching vibrations differ based on the metal, metal coordination structure, and metal-stearate polymorphic form. The nature of the mechanical coupling of the CH2 wag is discussed in order to understand the empirical correlation between the number of observed infrared bands (1360–1160 cm–1 spectral region) and the number of carbons in the n-alkane chain.
Multi-Physics Coupled Acoustic-Mechanics Analysis and Synergetic Optimization for a Twin-Fluid Atomization Nozzle
Authors: Li Wenying , Li Yanying , Lu Yingjie , Xu Jinhuan , Chen Bo , Zhang Li , Li Yanbiao
Published: May 2024

Fine particulate matter produced during the rapid industrialization over the past decades can cause significant harm to human health. Twin-fluid atomization technology is an effective means of controlling fine particulate matter pollution. In this paper, the influences of the main parameters on the droplet size, effective atomization range and sound pressure level (SPL) of a twin-fluid nozzle (TFN) are investigated, and in order to improve the atomization performance, a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm is presented. A multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics model based on the discrete phase model (DPM), large eddy simulation (LES) model, and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) model is established, and the numerical simulation results of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics method are verified via experimental comparison. Based on the analysis of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation results, the effects of the water flow on the characteristics of the atomization flow distribution were obtained. A multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation result was employed to establish an orthogonal test database, and a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the key parameters of the TFN. The optimal parameters are as follows: A gas flow of 0.94 m3/h, water flow of 0.0237 m3/h, orifice diameter of the self-excited vibrating cavity (SVC) of 1.19 mm, SVC orifice depth of 0.53 mm, distance between SVC and the outlet of nozzle of 5.11 mm, and a nozzle outlet diameter of 3.15 mm. The droplet particle size in the atomization flow field was significantly reduced, the spray distance improved by 71.56%, and the SPL data at each corresponding measurement point decreased by an average of 38.96%. The conclusions of this study offer a references for future TFN research.
Metagenomic 16S rRNA analysis and predictive functional profiling revealed intrinsic organohalides respiration and bioremediation potential in mangrove sediment
Authors: Alsharif Sultan M. , Ismaeil Mohamed , Saeed Ali M. , El-Sayed Wael S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Mangrove sediment microbes are increasingly attracting scientific attention due to their demonstrated capacity for diverse bioremediation activities, encompassing a wide range of environmental contaminants.

Materials and methods

The microbial communities of five Avicennia marina mangrove sediment samples collected from Al Rayyis White Head, Red Sea (KSA), were characterized using Illumina amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes.

Results

Our study investigated the microbial composition and potential for organohalide bioremediation in five mangrove sediments from the Red Sea. While Proteobacteria dominated four microbiomes, Bacteroidetes dominated the fifth. Given the environmental concerns surrounding organohalides, their bioremediation is crucial. Encouragingly, we identified phylogenetically diverse organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) across all samples, including Dehalogenimonas, Dehalococcoides, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfuromonas, Geobacter, Desulfomonile, Desulfovibrio, Shewanella and Desulfitobacterium. These bacteria are known for their ability to dechlorinate organohalides through reductive dehalogenation. PICRUSt analysis further supported this potential, predicting the presence of functional biomarkers for organohalide respiration (OHR), including reductive dehalogenases targeting tetrachloroethene (PCE) and 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate in most sediments. Enrichment cultures studies confirmed this prediction, demonstrating PCE dechlorination by the resident microbial community. PICRUSt also revealed a dominance of anaerobic metabolic processes, suggesting the microbiome’s adaptation to the oxygen-limited environment of the sediments.

Conclusion

This study provided insights into the bacterial community composition of five mangrove sediments from the Red Sea. Notably, diverse OHRB were detected across all samples, which possess the metabolic potential for organohalide bioremediation through reductive dehalogenation pathways. Furthermore, PICRUSt analysis predicted the presence of functional biomarkers for OHR in most sediments, suggesting potential intrinsic OHR activity by the enclosed microbial community.
Growth ranking of hybrid aspen genotypes and its linkage to leaf gas exchange
Authors: Kangur Ott , Sopp Reeno , Tullus Arvo , Kupper Priit , Õunapuu-Pikas Eele , Tullus Hardi , Lutter Reimo
Published: May 2024

Background

Afforestation of non-forestland is a new measure by the European Union to enhance climate mitigation and biodiversity. Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) is among the suitable tree species for afforestation to produce woody biomass. However, the best performing genotypic material for intensive biomass production and its physiological adaptation capacity is still unclear. We compared 22 hybrid aspen genotypes growth and leaf physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intrinsic water-use efficiency) according to their geographical north- or southward transfer (European P. tremula parent from 51° to 60° N and North American P. tremuloides parent from 45° to 54° N) to hemiboreal Estonia (58° N) in a completely randomized design progeny trial. We tested whether the growth ranking of genotypes of different geographical origin has changed from young (3-year-old) to mid-rotation age (13-year-old). The gas exchange parameters were measured in excised shoots in 2021 summer, which was characterised with warmer (+ 4 °C) and drier (17% precipitation from normal) June and July than the long-term average.

Results

We found that the northward transfer of hybrid aspen genotypes resulted in a significant gain in growth (two-fold greater diameter at breast height) in comparison with the southward transfer. The early selection of genotypes was generally in good accordance with the middle-aged genotype ranking, while some of the northward transferred genotypes showed improved growth at the middle-age period in comparison with their ranking during the early phase. The genotypes of southward transfer demonstrated higher stomatal conductance, which resulted in higher net photosynthesis, and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) compared with northward transfer genotypes. However, higher photosynthesis did not translate into higher growth rate. The higher physiological activity of southern transferred genotypes was likely related to a better water supply of smaller and consequently more shaded trees under drought. Leaf nitrogen concentration did not have any significant relation with tree growth.

Conclusions

We conclude that the final selection of hybrid aspen genotypes for commercial use should be done in 10–15 years after planting. Physiological traits acquired during periods of droughty conditions may not fully capture the growth potential. Nonetheless, we advocate for a broader integration of physiological measurements alongside traditional traits (such as height and diameter) in genotype field testing to facilitate the selection of climate-adapted planting material for resilient forests.
Demographic and clinical factors correlated with clinical outcomes among people with HIV treated by antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yuwei , Liu Hengli , Zhang Shuangmei , Zhang Yanyun , Wang Haiyang , Zhang Huanhuan , Li Xia
Published: May 2024

Background

As is known, CD4 cell count is a significant parameter predicting HIV progression, opportunistic infections and death in HIV-infected individuals, as well was an important indicator for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). In China’s National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program, people with HIV (PWH) on ART can receive a CD4 count test at least once every six months. Importantly, the baseline CD4 count (before ART initiation) is significantly correlated with ART and even prognosis, but the influence of the peak CD4 cell count on ART and/or clinical outcomes is still unknown.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted among 7965 PWH who received ART from October 2003 to September 2022 at Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital. Clinical features and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. After elimination of confounding variables, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify survival-related factors.

Results

Of a total of 7965 PWH in the ART treatment cohort who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7939 were finally included in the subsequent analyses. First, it was found that the proportion of clinical variables, including sex, age distribution, interval from diagnosis to ART initiation, marital status, and others, was significantly different between the living and dead groups (P < 0.05). Impressively, significantly more PWH had the higher level of baseline, peak and recent CD4 cell counts in the living group compared to those in the dead group. Due to multicollinearity effect, after excluding confounders, the following factors were found to be significantly associated with mortality by multivariate Cox regression analysis: (1) male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.268 [1.032, 1.559]; P = 0.024); (2) time from HIV confirmation to ART initiation ≥ 6 months (HR = 1.962 [1.631, 2.360]; P < 0.001); (3) peak CD4 cell count: Peak CD4 < 100cells/µL group (HR = 16.093 [12.041, 21.508]; P < 0.001), 100cells/µL ≤ x < 200cells/µL group (HR = 7.904 [6.148, 10.160]; P < 0.001), 200cells/µL ≤ x < 350cells/µL group (HR = 3.166 [2.519, 3.980]; P < 0.001), 350cells/µL ≤ x < 500cells/µL group (HR = 1.668 [1.291, 2.155]; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Interestingly, patients in male, time from HIV confirmation to ART initiation ≥ 6 months, or peak CD4 count < 500 cells/µl had inferior clinical outcomes, in other word, a lower peak CD4 cell count significantly increased the risk of death, and peak CD4 cell was independent in predicting the overall survival of PWH. It is important to promote “early diagnosis and treatment of HIV” and regularly monitor CD4 levels in HIV/AIDS to evaluate the efficacy of ART and immune reconstitution, and optimize the ART regimen in time to further reduce the mortality of PWH.
The role of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization following repeated curative resection/ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma with early recurrence: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Huang Kaiquan , Qian Tao , Chen Wen , Lao Mengyi , Li Huiliang , Lin Wei-Chiao , Chen Bryan Wei , Bai Xueli , Gao Shunliang , Ma Tao , Liang Tingbo
Published: May 2024

Background

The role of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) following repeated resection/ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant TACE following repeated resection or ablation in patients with early recurrent HCC.

Methods

Information for patients who underwent repeated surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for early recurrent HCCs (< 2 years) at our institution from January 2017 to December 2020 were collected. Patients were divided into adjuvant TACE and observation groups according to whether they received adjuvant TACE or not. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Of the 225 patients enrolled, the median time of HCC recurrence was 11 months (IQR, 6–16 months). After repeated surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for recurrent tumors, 45 patients (20%) received adjuvant TACE while the remaining 180 (80%) didn’t. There were no significant differences in RFS (P = 0.325) and OS (P = 0.072) between adjuvant TACE and observation groups before PSM. There were also no significant differences in RFS (P = 0.897) and OS (P = 0.090) between the two groups after PSM. Multivariable analysis suggested that multiple tumors, liver cirrhosis, and RFA were independent risk factors for the re-recurrence of HCC.

Conclusion

Adjuvant TACE after repeated resection or ablation for early recurrent HCCs was not associated with a long-term survival benefit in this single-center cohort.
Cold waves and fine particulate matter in high-altitude Chinese cities: assessing their interactive impact on outpatient visits for respiratory disease
Authors: Ning Zhenxu , He Shuzhen , Liao Xinghao , Ma Chunguang , Wu Jing
Published: May 2024

Background

Extreme weather events like heatwaves and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have a synergistic effect on mortality, but research on the synergistic effect of cold waves and PM2.5 on outpatient visits for respiratory disease, especially at high altitudes in climate change-sensitive areas, is lacking.

Methods

we collected time-series data on meteorological, air pollution, and outpatient visits for respiratory disease in Xining. We examined the associations between cold waves, PM2.5, and outpatient visits for respiratory disease using a time-stratified case-crossover approach and distributional lag nonlinear modeling. Our analysis also calculated the relative excess odds due to interaction (REOI), proportion attributable to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). We additionally analyzed cold waves over time to verify climate change.

Results

Under different definitions of cold waves, the odds ratio for the correlation between cold waves and outpatient visits for respiratory disease ranged from 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.05) to 1.58 (1.47, 1.70). Exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increase in outpatient visits for respiratory disease. We found that cold waves can synergize with PM2.5 to increase outpatient visits for respiratory disease (REOI > 0, AP > 0, S > 1), decreasing with stricter definitions of cold waves and longer durations. Cold waves’ independent effect decreased over time, but their interaction effect persisted. From 8.1 to 21.8% of outpatient visits were due to cold waves and high-level PM2.5. People aged 0–14 and ≥ 65 were more susceptible to cold waves and PM2.5, with a significant interaction for those aged 15–64 and ≥ 65.

Conclusion

Our study fills the gap on how extreme weather and PM2.5 synergistically affect respiratory disease outpatient visits in high-altitude regions. The synergy of cold waves and PM2.5 increases outpatient visits for respiratory disease, especially in the elderly. Cold wave warnings and PM2.5 reduction have major public health benefits.