bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing ‘inequality’: An examination of the ārāmikas and the concept of kamma in Buddhist sources
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: May 2016

While acknowledging the humanitarian outlook of early Buddhism, this article enquires into how far the Buddhist monastic order, the Saṅgha, was itself based on egalitarian principles. It is argued that in time, if not from the beginning, the Saṅgha could not avoid the creation of a hierarchy among monks, and in time the presence of a numerous class of servants or attendants, called ārāmikas, became a part of Buddhist monastic life.
Inequalities in misery in North Indian villages: The Buck report (1879)
Authors: Bandopadhyay Arun
Published: May 2016

E. C. Buck’s Report on ‘the daily life’ of cultivators in selected villages of North-Western Provinces (now U.P.) in 1879 gives details about the poverty of the peasants and labourers, the size of their rent burden and the debt incurred by them. It also underscores the unrelenting burden of work on the fields that the bulk of the rural population had to perform day in and day out.
Minihepcidin peptides as disease modifiers in mice affected by β-thalassemia and polycythemia vera
Authors: Casu Carla , Oikonomidou Paraskevi Rea , Chen Huiyong , Nandi Vijay , Ginzburg Yelena , Prasad Princy , Fleming Robert E. , Shah Yatrik M. , Valore Erika V. , Nemeth Elizabeta , Ganz Tomas , MacDonald Brian , Rivella Stefano
Published: May 2016

Key Points

Investigation of the iron-restrictive effect of minihepcidin peptides in the treatment of β-thalassemia and polycythemia vera.
Odorants specifically modulate chemotaxis and tissue retention of CD4+ T cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate induction
Authors: Clark Adam A , Nurmukhambetova Saule , Li Xin , Munger Steven D , Lees Jason R
Published: May 2016

Retention of T cells within affected tissue is a critical component of adaptive immune inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in T cell retention remain largely undefined. Previous studies revealed the capacity of cAMP signaling to regulate immune cell migration, as well as dynamic regulation of receptors that could induce cAMP production in immune cells. The potential for cAMP to act as a retention signal has been mostly unexplored, partially as a result of this second messenger’s well-characterized inhibition of effector function in immune cells. Here, we report that cAMP regulates the tissue retention of mouse T cells at concentrations well below those that inhibited proliferation or decreased acquisition of an effector phenotype. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells with odorants known to be cognate ligands for T cell-expressed olfactory receptors induced cAMP and inhibited chemokine-driven chemotaxis without decreasing T cell proliferation or effector functions. Similar effects were observed following treatment with relatively low concentrations of the cAMP analog Sp-5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3′,5′-monophosphorothioate. Furthermore, pretreatment with odorants or cAMP at concentrations that did not inhibit effector function induced T cell tissue retention in mice by inhibiting chemokine-dependent T cell egress from the footpad to the draining lymph node. Together, these results suggest that odorant receptor-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP can modulate T cell tissue trafficking and may offer new therapeutic targets for controlling T cell tissue accumulation.
TRAF3 as a powerful and multitalented regulator of lymphocyte functions
Authors: Bishop Gail A
Published: May 2016

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the roles of the signaling adapter protein tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 in regulating the functions of B and T lymphocytes. In B lymphocytes, TNFR-associated factor 3 inhibits signaling by TNFR superfamily receptors, Toll-like receptors, and interleukin-6R. In contrast, signaling to B cells by the virally encoded oncogenic protein latent membrane protein 1 is promoted by TNFR-associated factor 3. An important B cell-specific role for TNFR-associated factor 3 is the inhibition of homeostatic survival, directly relevant to the common occurrence of TNFR-associated factor 3 mutations in human B cell malignancies. TNFR-associated factor 3 was recently found to be a resident nuclear protein in B cells, where it interacts with and inhibits gene expression mediated by the cAMP response element-binding protein transcription complex, including expression of the prosurvival protein myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1. In T lymphocytes, TNFR-associated factor 3 is required for normal signaling by the T cell antigen receptor, while inhibiting signaling by the interleukin-2 receptor. Cytoplasmic TNFR -associated factor 3 restrains nuclear factor-κB2 activation in both T and B cells. Clinical implications and future directions for the study of this context-dependent signaling regulator are discussed.
Neutrophil extracellular traps release induced by Leishmania: role of PI3Kγ, ERK, PI3Kσ, PKC, and [Ca2+]
Authors: DeSouza-Vieira Thiago , Guimarães-Costa Anderson , Rochael Natalia C , Lira Maria N , Nascimento Michelle T , Lima-Gomez Phillipe de Souza , Mariante Rafael M , Persechini Pedro M , Saraiva Elvira M
Published: May 2016

Upon in vitro stimulation, neutrophils undergo a cell death named netosis. This process is characterized by extracellular release of chromatin scaffold associated with granular and cytoplasmic proteins, which together, ensnare and kill microbes. We have previously described that interaction of Leishmania amazonensis with human neutrophils leads to the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, which trap and kill the parasite. However, the signaling leading to Leishmania induced netosis is still unknown. Thus, we sought to evaluate signaling events that drive L. amazonensis induced neutrophil extracellular trap release from human neutrophils. Here, we found that PI3K, independently of protein kinase B, has a role in parasite-induced netosis. We also described that the main isoforms involved are PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, which work in reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent ways, respectively. We demonstrated that activation of ERK downstream of PI3Kγ is important to trigger reactive oxygen species-dependent, parasite-induced netosis. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C also significantly decreased parasite-induced neutrophil extracellular trap release. Intracellular calcium, regulated by PI3Kδ, represents an alternative reactive oxygen species-independent pathway of netosis stimulated by L. amazonensis. Finally, intracellular calcium mobilization and reactive oxygen species generation are the major regulators of parasite-induced netosis. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the signaling behind netosis induced by interactions between Leishmania and neutrophils.
What is the correct name for the type of Haematococcus Flot. (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae)?
Authors: Nakada Takashi , Ota Shuhei
Published: May 2016

The type of Haematococcus Flot. (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) accumulates astaxanthin in its dormant stage. Currently, only one species is recognized in the genus; however, it is referred to by two names: H. lacustris (Gir.‐Chantr.) Rostaf. and H. pluvialis Flot. This confusion arose partly because of misunderstanding over the nomenclature and partly because of inadequate descriptions of Volvox lacustris Gir.‐Chantr. and H. pluvialis. Here, we designate an epitype based on a single cryopreserved culture that supports the newly designated lectotype of V. lacustris. Our treatment objectively synonymizes the two names and designates the correct name for the type of Haematococcus as H. lacustris, not H. pluvialis. In addition, we provide light microscopy descriptions and ITS rDNA information regarding the strain related to the epitype.
Sorbus ×thuringiaca, the correct name for the diploid hybrid between Sorbus aria and S. aucuparia (Rosaceae)
Authors: Velebil Jiří , Businský Roman
Published: May 2016

A complicated assemblage of names for taxa of hybrid origin between the Sorbus aria agg. and S. aucuparia (S. subg. Soraria) was analysed with the aim of separating the names of diploid hybrids from those of polyploid apomictic species and evaluating them nomenclaturally. Several names were found to be invalid, illegitimate, acceptable only for cultivated clones (cultivars), or representing indefinite taxa. Only one legitimate name was found to be available as the correct name of the diploid hybrid S. aria s.str. × Sorbus aucuparia, i.e., S. ×thuringiaca, with a newly designated lectotype.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee on Fossils: 10
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S.
Published: May 2016

The following two family names are recommended for conservation: Umbellinaceae against Umbellaceae, and Vojnovskyaceae against Dolerophyllaceae and Nephropsidaceae. The following seven generic names are recommended for conservation: Discoaster against Eu‐discoaster, Helio‐discoaster and Hemi‐discoaster, Frenelopsis against Aularthrophyton, Polypodiisporites with that spelling against Polypodii‐sporonites, Psaronius against Scitaminites, Spinosisporites against Spinosella, Todites against Acrostichites and Germaria, and Umbellina against Umbella. The following three species names are also recommended for conservation: Pecopteris williamsonis (Todites williamsonis) against P. curtata, P. hastata, and P. recentior, Ulmus laciniata Mayr ex Schwapp. (Ulmaceae) against Ulmus laciniata Göpp. (fossil Ulmaceae), and Viburnum betulifolium Batalin (Adoxaceae) against V. betulifolium Ward (fossil Adoxaceae). The following twelve generic names are not recommended for conservation: Aphanozonatisporites against Chroococcites, Dictyophis, Rhizostaemis and Triletes, Aphlebia against Schizopteris, Asterocalamites against Archaeocalamites and Stigmatocanna, Calamodendron against Calamitea, Cladophlebis with a conserved type, Cordaicladus against Palaeopteris, Crassinervia against Dolerophyllum, Dadoxylon with a conserved type against Megadendron, Heliodiscoaster and Hemidiscoaster with those spellings, Pitys, nom. cons. against Pinites, and Taeniopteris with a conserved type. The following three species names are not recommended for conservation: Pecopteris denticulata (Cladophlebis denticulata) against Pecopteris ligata, Sphenopteris princeps (Todites princeps) against Alethopteris imbricata, Pecopteris athyroides, and Germaria elymiformis, and Taeniopteris vittata with a conserved type. The committee judged the names Sycidium and Sykidion to be not confusable.
Generic recircumscription in the Loxocarpinae (Gesneriaceae), as inferred by phylogenetic and morphological data
Authors: Puglisi Carmen , Yao Tze Leong , Milne Richard , Möller Michael , Middleton David J.
Published: May 2016

The Loxocarpinae, also known as the “Boea group”, are the subtribe of Gesneriaceae which includes Boea and a number of segregated genera and close relatives. This group currently comprises over 200 species in 15 genera. Here we present the most up‐to‐date phylogeny, covering all the genera known to belong to the group, based on Bayesian inference and parsimony of the nuclear ITS and the plastid regions trnL‐trnF (intron and spacer) and ndhF‐trnLUAG (spacers). The results show discrepancies between the current generic delimitation in the subtribe and the clades delineated by the phylogeny. As a result Boea, Damrongia, Paraboea and Streptocarpus are recircumscribed in an attempt to establish a more natural classification and new combinations are made. The new genus Middletonia is described.
Textile teacher students’ collaborative design processes in a design studio setting
Authors: Lahti Henna , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita , Kangas Kaiju , Härkki Tellervo , Hakkarainen Kai
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the present article is to analyse textile teacher students’ collaborative designing of a functional 3D textile puzzle for visually impaired children. The data collection took place across three sessions of collaborative designing: defining design constraints, visualization and building a mock-up. Twelve first-year university-level students, training to become textile teachers, participated in the study, working in four teams with three students in each team. We were interested in the nature of their design process and how kernels of design ideas were created and transformed during the collaborative design process. The analysis focused on the teams’ design activities and content logs of the video data. The video-recorded data were segmented into two-minute intervals using INTERACT video analysis program. Each segment was classified according to seven observable design activities. This provided a macro level analysis for all design activities during each design session and data for further analysis of different orientations of teams. The results indicated that all teams engaged in progressive design processes and were able to create unique and practical design solutions. The design process turned out to be a problem driven in nature for two teams, whereas the other two teams engaged in a solution-driven design process.
The Dialogues project: Students as partners in developing research-engaged learning
Authors: Fieldsend-Danks Paul
Published: May 2016

This article explores the notion of students as partners in the development of a research-engaged teaching and learning project. Based on the premise that dialogue could form a bridge between students, artists and academics, the Dialogues project was first established in 2010 and has subsequently enabled a meaningful and sustainable partnership between staff and students to develop. Dialogues 2014: Place, Space and Negotiated Territories was the fifth iteration in a series of annual interdisciplinary Fine Art symposia, developed through an innovative partnership between undergraduate and postgraduate Fine Art students and staff at the Norwich University of the Arts (United Kingdom). Since its inception, Dialogues projects have engaged over 900 Fine Art students across all levels of study, through annual symposia and related events.
Socialization at the morning meeting: A study of how journalist interns are socialized to present ideas at morning meetings in the newsroom
Authors: Rimestad Lene , Gravengaard Gitte
Published: May 2016

In this ethnographic study we examine how journalism interns present ideas at morning meetings in the professional environment of a media organization. We analyse not only the idea presentation at the meeting itself, but also how editors treat the idea presentation, and how the interns perceive the situation of presenting idea. We discuss the implications for innovation and creativity in the newsroom. The aim of the research is to gain insight into the socialization of journalism students in order to discuss and improve the academic and craft education of the students.
Cross-border collaborative journalism: Why journalists and scholars should talk about an emerging method
Authors: Alfter Brigitte
Published: May 2016

When politics, business and crime cross borders, journalism has to do the same in order to provide adequate coverage. Based upon this simple logic, journalists have experimented with cross-border collaborative journalism for decades, but more intensely so since the late 1990s. Especially, investigative journalists are establishing networks, but mainstreaming of networked journalism is emerging only slowly. In this article I argue that it is time to attempt a methodology of cross-border collaborative journalism in order to more systematically develop the model, to share it with peers and the next generation and to open it for scholars to analyse and criticize. The article is a practitioner’s contribution based upon own experience and a series of interviews with cross-border journalism pioneers.
The (golden) dawn of audiences? Assessing the audience empowerment thesis through a framing analysis of immigration in the Greek media
Authors: Milioni Dimitra L. , Vadratsikas Konstantinos
Published: May 2016

The ‘participatory web’ creates opportunities for citizen participation in public debate with a potential to influence public opinion. This study examines the ‘empowerment thesis’ regarding audience participation in the media, exploring whether, and in what ways, audiences’ discourses in established media websites challenge or broaden mainstream discourses about immigration. The study employs systematic framing analysis of journalistic articles about immigration that appeared in the most popular Greek online media from October 2010 to February 2011. These journalistic frames are then compared to the frames produced by readers in their comments. The findings show that readers on several occasions challenge the journalistic framing of immigration. Yet, what we witness in this case is the dark side of audience participation, as readers contest journalistic authority not in the direction of a diversified and more open discussion of immigration but towards the ideological entrenchment in essentialist nationalistic and hate discourses. The article concludes by discussing how the ‘out-of-nowhere’ anti-immigrant political discourses in Greece were gradually built, and the role of the media therein.
Did we fail? (Counter-) transference in a qualitative media research interview
Authors: Johanssen Jacob
Published: May 2016

Drawing on Joke Hermes’ account of a troubling interview, this article reproduces and reflects on passages from a qualitative interview with a user of a social networking site, which was considered uncomfortable by both interviewee and interviewer (myself). The psychoanalytic concept of (counter-)transference is used to analyse the possible processes that led to the emergence of two narratives by the interviewee and interviewer and resulted in an unsuccessful research encounter. It is suggested that the analysis of the interview narratives may contribute to Wanda S. Pillow’s notion of an ‘uncomfortable reflexivity’. It may further add to methodological discussions of the interview in media research by placing an emphasis on a complex theory of the subject and intersubjective dynamics.
Vibrational spectroscopic study of intensities and shifts of symmetric vibration modes of ozone diluted by cumene
Authors: Heidari A. , Brown C.
Published: May 2016

In the current research, ATRâ€“FTIR and FTâ€“Raman spectroscopies was used to investigate the effect of concentration on IR and Raman intensities and shifts of symmetric vibration modes of Ozone diluted by Cumene. The symmetric vibration mode of Ozone was observed at IR and Raman shifts of 850 and 975 cm-1, respectively. By reducing the concentration of Ozone, its intensity also was reduced and the symmetric vibration mode of Cumene was observed at IR and Raman shifts of 1050 and 1185 cm-1, respectively. The concentration has not influence on IR and Raman shifts of vibration modes. The experimental results were confirmed the linear dependency of IR and Raman intensities to the concentration of sample.Ozone molecule (left illustration) and Cumene molecule (right illustration) (Santiago-LÃ³pez et al. 2010; Guevara-GuzmÃ¡n et al. 2009; Pereyra-MuÃ±oz et al. 2006; Foucaud et al. 2006; Elsayed 2001; van Hoof et al. 1997; Chrostowski et al. 1983; Boehme et al. 1992; CatalÃ¡ et al. 2013; Balvers et al. 1992; Marker et al. 1986).
TÉCNICAS DE PROCESAMIENTO DE SEÑALES UTILIZADAS PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTORSIÓN ARMÓNICA GENERADA POR VARIADORES DE FRECUENCIA EN MOTORES DE INDUCCIÓN
Authors: Balleteros Csmcho Manuel Ivan , Cadena Villalba Francy Julieth , Jaramillo Matta Adolfo Andres
Published: May 2016

Se presenta una detallada revisión del estado del arte de las técnicas de procesamiento de señales utilizadas para el análisis de la distorsión armónica generada por variadores de frecuencia en motores de inducción con rotor jaula de ardilla, referenciando algunas de las investigaciones más relevantes relacionadas con este tema. Finalmente, son identificadas oportunidades de investigación que a la fecha no han sido tratadas por la comunidad científica en este campo del conocimiento.Signal Processing Techniques Used for Analyzing Harmonic Distortion Generated by Variable Frequency Drive in Induction Motors Abstract This article presents a detailed review of the state of the art of signal processing techniques used for the analysis of harmonic distortion generated by variable frequency induction motors with squirrel cage rotor is presented, referencing some of the most relevant research related with this issue. Finally, are identified research opportunities that to date have not been addressed by the scientific community in this field of knowledge.Keywords: electric motor-driven system, state of the art, harmonic distortion, signal processing techniques.
Hyperprolactinemia induced by hCG leads to metabolic disturbances in female mice
Authors: Ratner Laura D , Stevens Guillermina , Bonaventura Maria Marta , Lux-Lantos Victoria A , Poutanen Matti , Calandra Ricardo S , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Rulli Susana B
Published: May 2016

The metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic; it increases the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver, and several cancers. Several reports have indicated a link between hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance or obesity. Transgenic (TG) female mice overexpressing the human chorionic gonadotropin β-subunit (hCGβ+ mice) exhibit constitutively elevated levels of hCG, increased production of testosterone, progesterone and prolactin, and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of hCG hypersecretion on possible alterations in the glucose and lipid metabolism of adult TG females. We evaluated fasting serum insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels in adult hCGβ+ females and conducted intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests at different ages. TG female mice showed hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and dyslipidemia, as well as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance at 6 months of age. A 1-week treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline applied on 5-week-old hCGβ+ mice, which corrected hyperprolactinemia, hyperandrogenism, and hyperprogesteronemia, effectively prevented the metabolic alterations. These data indicate a key role of the hyperprolactinemia-induced gonadal dysfunction in the metabolic disturbances of hCGβ+ female mice. The findings prompt further studies on the involvement of gonadotropins and prolactin on metabolic disorders and might pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collective timekeeping among cells of the master circadian clock
Authors: Evans Jennifer A
Published: May 2016

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus is the master circadian clock that coordinates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology in mammals. Like other hypothalamic nuclei, the SCN displays an impressive array of distinct cell types characterized by differences in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide expression. Individual SCN neurons and glia are able to display self-sustained circadian rhythms in cellular function that are regulated at the molecular level by a 24h transcriptional–translational feedback loop. Remarkably, SCN cells are able to harmonize with one another to sustain coherent rhythms at the tissue level. Mechanisms of cellular communication in the SCN network are not completely understood, but recent progress has provided insight into the functional roles of several SCN signaling factors. This review discusses SCN organization, how intercellular communication is critical for maintaining network function, and the signaling mechanisms that play a role in this process. Despite recent progress, our understanding of SCN circuitry and coupling is far from complete. Further work is needed to map SCN circuitry fully and define the signaling mechanisms that allow for collective timekeeping in the SCN network.
Long-Term Memory inDrosophilaIs Influenced by Histone Deacetylase HDAC4 Interacting with SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9
Authors: Schwartz Silvia , Truglio Mauro , Scott Maxwell J , Fitzsimons Helen L
Published: May 2016

HDAC4 is a potent memory repressor with overexpression of wild type or a nuclear-restricted mutant resulting in memory deficits. Interestingly, reduction of HDAC4 also impairs memory via an as yet unknown mechanism. Although histone deacetylase family members are important mediators of epigenetic mechanisms in neurons, HDAC4 is predominantly cytoplasmic in the brain and there is increasing evidence for interactions with nonhistone proteins, suggesting HDAC4 has roles beyond transcriptional regulation. To that end, we performed a genetic interaction screen in Drosophila and identified 26 genes that interacted with HDAC4, including Ubc9, the sole SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme. RNA interference-induced reduction of Ubc9 in the adult brain impaired long-term memory in the courtship suppression assay, a Drosophila model of associative memory. We also demonstrate that HDAC4 and Ubc9 interact genetically during memory formation, opening new avenues for investigating the mechanisms through which HDAC4 regulates memory formation and other neurological processes.
Genomic Conflicts that Cause Pollen Mortality and Raise Reproductive Barriers inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Simon Matthieu , Durand Stéphanie , Pluta Natacha , Gobron Nicolas , Botran Lucy , Ricou Anthony , Camilleri Christine , Budar Françoise
Published: May 2016

Species differentiation and the underlying genetics of reproductive isolation are central topics in evolutionary biology. Hybrid sterility is one kind of reproductive barrier that can lead to differentiation between species. Here, we analyze the complex genetic basis of the intraspecific hybrid male sterility that occurs in the offspring of two distant natural strains of Arabidopsis thaliana, Shahdara and Mr-0, with Shahdara as the female parent. Using both classical and quantitative genetic approaches as well as cytological observation of pollen viability, we demonstrate that this particular hybrid sterility results from two causes of pollen mortality. First, the Shahdara cytoplasm induces gametophytic cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) controlled by several nuclear loci. Second, several segregation distorters leading to allele-specific pollen abortion (pollen killers) operate in hybrids with either cytoplasm. The complete sterility of the hybrid with the Shahdara cytoplasm results from the genetic linkage of the two causes of pollen mortality, i.e., CMS nuclear determinants and pollen killers. Furthermore, natural variation at these loci in A. thaliana is associated with different male-sterility phenotypes in intraspecific hybrids. Our results suggest that the genomic conflicts that underlie segregation distorters and CMS can concurrently lead to reproductive barriers between distant strains within a species. This study provides a new framework for identifying molecular mechanisms and the evolutionary history of loci that contribute to reproductive isolation, and possibly to speciation. It also suggests that two types of genomic conflicts, CMS and segregation distorters, may coevolve in natural populations.
The Activity-Dependent Regulation of Protein Kinase Stability by the Localization to P-Bodies
Authors: Zhang Bo , Shi Qian , Varia Sapna N , Xing Siyuan , Klett Bethany M , Cook Laura A , Herman Paul K
Published: May 2016

The eukaryotic cytoplasm contains a variety of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in addition to the better-understood membrane-bound organelles. These granules form in response to specific stress conditions and contain a number of signaling molecules important for the control of cell growth and survival. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms responsible for, and the ultimate consequences of, this protein localization. Here, we show that the Hrr25/CK1δ protein kinase is recruited to cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies) in an evolutionarily conserved manner. This recruitment requires Hrr25 kinase activity and the Dcp2 decapping enzyme, a core constituent of these RNP granules. Interestingly, the data indicate that this localization sequesters active Hrr25 away from the remainder of the cytoplasm and thereby shields this enzyme from the degradation machinery during these periods of stress. Altogether, this work illustrates how the presence within an RNP granule can alter the ultimate fate of the localized protein.
Terhesség és akut ischaemiás stroke
Authors: Ifj. Bereczki Dániel
Published: May 2016

Pregnancy-related ischemic strokes play an important role in both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Changes in hemostaseology and hemodynamics as well as risk factors related to or independent from pregnancy contribute to the increased stroke-risk during gestation and the puerperium. Potential teratogenic effects make diagnostics, acute therapy and prevention challenging. Because randomized, controlled trials are not available, a multicenter registry of patients with gestational stroke would be desirable. Until definite guidelines emerge, management of acute ischemic stroke during pregnancy remains individual, involving experts and weighing the risks and benefits. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(20), 763–766.
A korszerű sugárterápiás kezelések mellékhatásainak metaanalízise prosztatarákos betegeknél
Authors: Zemplényi Antal Tamás , Mangel László , Kaló Zoltán , Endrei Dóra , Lohner Szimonetta , Boncz Imre
Published: May 2016

Introduction: One of the most relevant focus of recent developments in radiotherapy technology was the adequate irradiation of prostate cancer. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the safety of normo- and hypofractionated and high dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Method: Toxicities were identified through literature review and evidence was synthetized with meta-analytical methods. Results: The use of high dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy resulted in no difference in severe genitourinary (acute p = 0.9; late p = 0.95) and moderate or severe gastrointestinal (acute: N/A; late: p = 0.08) toxicities compared to 3D conformal radiation therapy. The risk ratio of moderate acute (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.78; p = 0.008) and late genitourinary toxicities (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.26–1.75; p<0,00001) was higher. There was no difference in hypo- and normofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy regarding severe genitourinary (acute: N/A; late: p = 0.73) and moderate or severe gastrointestinal (acute: p = 0.73; late: p = 0.55) toxicities, the risk of late moderate genitourinary toxicities was higher when using hypofractionation scheme (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00–1.94; p = 0.05). Conclusions: The use of normo- and hypofractionated and high dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy proved to be safe. However the higher risk of moderate genitourinary adverse events require an extensive clinical risk estimation. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(20), 776–788.
Pszichogén nem epilepsziás rosszullétek a klinikai gyakorlatban
Authors: Szita Bernadett , Hidasi Zoltán
Published: May 2016

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are enigmatic disorders at the interface of neurology and psychiatry. Seizures resemble epileptic seizures but are not associated with electrical discharges in the brain. Symptoms typically start in early adulthood and women are far more affected than men. Video-EEG is widely considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis. Still psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are often misdiagnosed and treated as epilepsy for years that is burdensome to patients and costly to the healthcare system. Patients having psychogenic nonepileptic seizures show a high prevalence of traumatic life events, therefore, psychosocial factors are thought to play an important role in the etiology. Neurobiological factors may also contribute to the development of seizures as a subgroup of patients are characterized by cognitive impairment and subtle structural and functional brain abnormalities. Treatment includes psychotherapeutic procedures, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy and additional pharmacological interventions. This article presents an overview of the clinical context, diagnosis, etiology and treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(20), 767–775.
Evaluation of antibiotics as a methodological procedure to inhibit free-living and biofilm bacteria in marine zooplankton culture
Authors: Agostini Vanessa O. , Macedo Alexandre J. , Muxagata Erik
Published: May 2016

There is a problem with keeping culture medium completely or partially free from bacteria. The use of prokaryotic metabolic inhibitors, such as antibiotics, is suggested as an alternative solution, although such substances should not harm non-target organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments in inhibiting free-living and biofilm bacteria and their half-life in artificial marine environment using the copepod Acartia tonsa as bioindicador of non-harmful antibiotic combinations. Regarding to results, the application of 0.025 g L-1 penicillin G potassium + 0.08 g L-1 streptomycin sulphate + 0.04 g L-1 neomycin sulphate showed great potential for use in marine cultures and scientific experiments without lethal effects to non-target organisms. The effect of this combination starts within the first six hours of exposure and reduces up to 93 % the bacterial density, but the half-life is short, requiring replacement. No adverse changes in water quality were observed within 168 hours of exposure. As a conclusion, we can infer that this treatment was an effective procedure for zooplankton cultures and scientific experiments with the aim of measuring the role of free-living and biofilm in the marine community.
Dinheiro, Tempo e Memória Eleitoral: Os Mecanismos que Levam ao Voto nas Eleições para Prefeito em 2012
Authors: Speck Bruno Wilhelm , Cervi Emerson Urizzi
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O artigo analisa o peso do tempo de propaganda e financiamento eleitoral nas disputas majoritárias locais no Brasil. Dialogamos com a literatura sobre o papel dos recursos financeiros e o tempo de propaganda gratuita nas eleições brasileiras, bem como com os estudos sobre a dinâmica da disputa eleitoral no âmbito municipal. Em termos metodológicos usamos regressão linear múltipla e análise de trajetória. A primeira mostra que a votação em 2012 é efeito da memória eleitoral a partir do desempenho do partido em 2008, do volume de recursos financeiros e do tempo de horário eleitoral na campanha de 2012. O peso destes fatores varia em função do tamanho dos municípios. A análise de trajetória permite identificar com mais clareza os mecanismos causais que atuam entre variáveis.
La Participación Empresarial en la Conspiración Golpista en Argentina (1975-1976)
Authors: Cerbino Gonzalo Sanz
Published: May 2016

RESUMEN El golpe de Estado consumado en la Argentina en 1976 fue el resultado de una extensa conspiración que involucró a importantes fracciones de la burguesía local. Este artículo pretende echar luz sobre el problema, poco estudiado por las ciencias sociales, reconstruyendo la ofensiva golpista que se inicia en 1975. Tras analizar en detalle los posicionamientos públicos, las acciones de protesta y los vínculos políticos de distintos agrupamientos y corporaciones empresariales con los militares, el texto demuestra que las Fuerzas Armadas no actuaron por su cuenta al perpetrar el golpe, sino que fueron el instrumento de una amplia alianza social conformada para tal fin.
A Conciliação e os Meios Alternativos de Solução de Conflitos no Império Brasileiro
Authors: Campos Adriana Pereira , Souza Alexandre de Oliveira Bazilio de
Published: May 2016

RESUMO A conciliação é uma modalidade alternativa de solução de conflitos com longa história no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Embora prevista desde tempos coloniais, o instituto só ganhou contornos mais próximos dos atuais a partir da Independência do país, quando passou a ser procedimento obrigatório, realizado no então recém-criado juízo de paz. Este artigo analisa a criação legislativa e o funcionamento do instituto no país durante o século XIX, a fim de caracterizar sua relevância para a eficiência da Justiça brasileira. Para isso, foram utilizados como fonte anais do parlamento, livros doutrinários, jornais, textos literários, relatórios de governo, ofícios, além da própria legislação. Concluímos que a conciliação no Império foi responsável pela forte redução no número de processos que tramitavam no Brasil naquele momento, com taxa de acordo que frequentemente passava dos 50%.
Diferenciais de mortalidade por escolaridade da população adulta brasileira, em 2010
Authors: Silva Lariça Emiliano da , Freire Flávio Henrique Miranda de Araújo , Pereira Rafael Henrique Moraes
Published: May 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo estimar os diferenciais de mortalidade por nível de escolaridade da população adulta do Brasil e suas regiões, segundo sexo e idade. O artigo utiliza os dados do novo quesito de mortalidade domiciliar do Censo Demográfico de 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, combinado com as informações do nível de escolaridade da pessoa de referência do domicílio. Os resultados indicam um considerável diferencial de mortalidade por grau de escolaridade, particularmente entre a população masculina. A expectativa de vida de homens com o ensino superior completo no Brasil era 4,37 anos maior do que a média da população masculina nacional, e 6,27 anos maior do que a da população masculina com menos do que o Ensino Fundamental completo. Entre a população feminina, o gradiente educacional de expectativa de vida é menos acentuado, com um adicional de 2,25 anos na expectativa de vida de mulheres com o Ensino Superior completo em comparação às com menor nível de escolaridade. Os diferenciais de mortalidade por educação aparecem mais acentuados nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste.
Mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho entre trabalhadores da agropecuária no Brasil, 2000-2010
Authors: Ferreira-de-Sousa Flávia Nogueira , Santana Vilma Sousa
Published: May 2016

Resumo: Estima-se a mortalidade anual por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária, 2000-2010, no Brasil. Empregou-se o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), para identificar os casos. Dados faltantes para ocupação e acidente de trabalho foram recuperados com informações individuais disponíveis, e incorporados casos ao total. Dados da população são dos Censos Demográficos. Foram identificados 8.923 óbitos por acidentes de trabalho, sendo 44,8% destes resultantes da recuperação. Em 2000, a mortalidade bruta por acidentes de trabalho foi estimada em 6,4/100 mil trabalhadores, aumentando para 8,1/100 mil em 2003, quando declinou para 7,3/100 mil em 2010. Entre os homens, "projeções de animais ou veículos de tração animal" foram as circunstâncias mais comuns, mas em mulheres foram as intoxicações por agrotóxicos. A mortalidade geral por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária foi baixa quando comparada à de outros países, sugerindo sub-registro residual apesar da recuperação, o que requer melhoria da qualidade dos registros. Medidas de prevenção sensíveis a diferenças de gênero são necessárias.
O DIREITO À CIDADE: URBANIZAÇÃO EXCLUDENTE E A POLÍTICA URBANA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Battaus Danila M. de Alencar , Oliveira Emerson Ademir B. de
Published: May 2016

O propósito deste artigo é realizar uma reflexão acerca do direito à cidade conforme os princípios de política urbana estabelecidos na Constituição federal de 1988 e nos instrumentos dela decorrentes por meio do Estatuto da Cidade. O direito à cidade, enquanto direito metaindividual, decorre da preocupação legal em se propiciar ao cidadão um ambiente urbano equilibrado, hígido e harmônico. Mas será que nossos instrumentos, dispostos a tanto, estão cumprindo seu papel?
PODER E DIREITO EM FOUCAULT: RELENDO VIGIAR E PUNIR 40 ANOS DEPOIS
Authors: Silva Josué Pereira da
Published: May 2016

Este artigo trata da concepção de Foucault a respeito do poder e sua relação com o direito, conforme aparece principalmente em seu livro Vigiar e punir, publicado pela primeira vez em 1975. Esse livro é, portanto, a principal fonte deste artigo, embora eu recorra também a outros textos de Foucault. Depois de apresentar de forma detalhada a análise do poder, assim como a relação deste último com a análise do direito conforme aparece em sua obra, eu concluo enfatizando a importante contribuição de seus escritos para nossa compreensão das sociedades modernas. Mas faço também comentários críticos tanto em relação a seu diagnóstico da sociedade moderna como uma quase completa patologia, quanto à ausência de uma dimensão normativa em sua perspectiva teórica.
ARQUIVO, HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA: POSSIBILIDADES DE DIÁLOGO ENTRE LUHMANN E FOUCAULT
Authors: Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto
Published: May 2016

Michel Foucault desenvolveu uma das mais sofisticadas e sensíveis formas de entendimento das estruturas discursivas da sociedade contemporânea. Outra teoria desse quilate é o pensamento sistêmico-autopoiético de Niklas Luhmann, que possui alguns pontos coincidentes com o pensamento de Foucault, mas cujas perspectivas teóricas são tão diferentes que, colocadas lado a lado, as teorias se mostram reciprocamente incomensuráveis em termos conceituais e apenas comparáveis em termos metafóricos. Entretanto, a noção de arquivo em Foucault permite uma conexão com o conceito de memória em Luhmann, oportunizando uma aproximação dialética que potencializa um tipo de questionamento cientificamente sofisticado, especialmente para pesquisas históricas.
Nematodes associated with five fruit trees in the state of Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Souza , Martinelli Paulo Roberto Pala
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on nematodes associated with five cultivated fruit trees growing in the Agroforestry System (AFS) of the municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil. Rhizosphere samples were collected from three points at the base of murici ( Byrsonima sp.), soursop ( Annona muricata ), cupuaçu ( Theobroma grandiflorum ), passion fruit ( Passiflora sp.) and peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes ) trees. Four species of phytonematodes were identified, namely Pratylenchus brachyurus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Mesocriconema xenoplax and Rotylenchulus reniformis . The most prevalent and abundant species was R. reniformis , which was found in the rhizospheres of passion fruit, cupuaçu, soursop, and peach palm. The first record in Brazil of the nematode P. brachyurus , found in the roots of murici is reported here, and all of the nematode species identified here are the first records for fruit trees in the state of Amapá.
Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry
Authors: Chacaltana Flor Diana Yokoay Claros , Pigatto João Antonio Tadeu , Denardin Ione Terezinha
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.
In vitro efficacy of several disinfectants against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains from poultry
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Sonia , Yubero-Delgado Sheila , Rodríguez-Ferri Elías-Fernando , Frandoloso Rafael , Álvarez-Estrada Álvaro , Gutiérrez-Martín César-Bernardo
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The efficacy of 28 individual or blended disinfectants against avian Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains was determined. An in vitro test in the presence and absence of serum as source of organic material was conducted. Povidone-iodine (releasing 1% available iodine), 1% potassium permanganate, 70% ethanol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and three commercial formulations based on quaternary ammonium compounds + formaldehyde or cresol derivates were the most effective against all strains tested and reduced bacterial counts by more than 106 times (6-log10) regardless of the presence of organic matter. These commercial compounds as well as ethanol and chlorhexidine among the individual substances tested might be helpful in the adoption of environmental control measures against these two enterobacteria in poultry industry.
Changes caused by heavy metals in micronutrient content and antioxidant system of forage grasses used for phytoremediation: an overview
Authors: Rabêlo Flávio Henrique Silveira , Borgo Lucélia
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: An increase in the content of heavy metals in the environment causes many socio-environmental problems, and phytoremediation is a tool to reduce the environmental impact caused by these elements, with prospects for the use of forage grasses. This group of plants features characteristics for the environment-decontamination process, but further studies are necessary about the damages caused by heavy metals on the uptake of cationic micronutrients and on the antioxidant system, which are essential processes for the growth of plants in contaminated sites. Exposure of forage grasses to heavy metals results in a lower content of Mn in the shoots of almost all plants, but the contents of Cu, Fe, and Zn vary according to heavy metal and forage grass. Activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) usually increase to reduce the oxidative stress induced by heavy metals, but when the content of any of these metals is high, enzymatic activity is decreased. Scale of toxicity of heavy metals to forage grasses can be described as: Pb ≈ Cr > Cd ≈ As > Zn ≈ Cu ≈ Ni > Mn.
Study of selection and purification of Brazilian bentonite clay by elutriation: a XRF, SEM and Rietveld analysis
Authors: Alves J. L. , Zanini A. E. , Souza M. E. de , Nascimento M. L. F.
Published: May 2016

Abstract Clays obtained from nature have a lot of impurities. Therefore, for best using of these materials, it is necessary its selection and purification. Thus, the aim of this work is to separate and to purify the smectite fractions using water as a solvent at a low flux mixed with a bentonite clay extracted from a mine in Vitória da Conquista - Bahia / Brazil. For this a separation method of fractions of expandable clays based on the Stokes' Law was applied - this process is called elutriation, in order to ensure and to expand possible industrial applications of this material. The samples were characterized by analysis of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The Rietveld method enabled the quantification of main phase minerals: montmorillonite, kaolinite, nontronite and quartz, reaching 85% in mass of montmorillonite phase at the end of the process. Results showed that the method used was efficient to remove almost all quartz, carbonates and organic matter from the sample. It was also observed a monomodal grain size distribution of elutriated materials with thinner grains, around (18.1 ± 1.8) μm at the end of the process. It has been concluded that the method developed and applied showed promising characters to be applied to elutriate kilograms of clays and could be used in industrial scale.