bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical mineralization interval and forecast of the position of an ore-body in the Alsar Sb-As-Tl deposit, FYR Macedonia
Authors: Jelenkovic Rade , Boev Blazo
Published: January 2012

Establishing a vertical interval of mineralization is a complex geological
task based on the knowledge of many parameters and quantities that describe
the genesis of an ore deposit. It is particularly important to know the time
and the primary depth of the formation of an ore-body and its recent
position. The establishment of the vertical mineralization interval is
considered in this work on the example of the Alsar Sb-As-Tl mineral deposit.
The research methods used were geomorphological analysis (the principal
exploration method), measurement of cosmogenic radioactive (10Be, 26Al) and
stable (3He, 21Ne) nuclides to determine the erosion velocity (control
method) and comparison of the obtained results with the geological
exploration data from operative mine workings. A detailed geological study of
the formation of the Alsar deposit preceded the research. The research data
are the following: depth interval of the ore-body is 10-50 m below the
present ground surface; average level of erosion in the Alsar deposit area is
20-80 m over a period of 106 years (Ma), or about 100-400 m from the
beginning of the volcanic activity to the present day (?5 Ma); thickness of
the eroded rock complex over the ore bodies from the beginning of the
hydrothermal alteration and the formation of ore bodies (4.31 Ma) to the
present is ?150 m (Crven dol), or ?230 m (central deposit); the
palaeointerval of the formation of the ore-body is 230 m (200-430 m); and,
finally, the potentially mineralized interval is deep, from 10 m to 280 m
below the surface.
Hydrogeological and hydrodynamic characteristics of groundwater sources for the public water supply of Becej (Northern Serbia)
Authors: Polomcic Dusan , Krunic Olivera , Ristic-Vakanjac Vesna
Published: January 2012

The existing groundwater source for the public water supply of Becej City in
Serbia is tapping groundwater from three water-bearing horizons over 15 wells
with a summary capacity over 100 l/s. It is one of the characteristics of
sources that several water-bearing layers are most frequently tapped
simultaneously by wells. Two layers are tapped simultaneously by 12 wells;
all three layers are tapped by ten wells, while one water-bearing layer is
tapped by only three wells. The groundwater table at the source was recorded
for a period of 30 years. In the conducted hydrodynamic analysis of the
groundwater regime, it was concluded that in the mentioned period, a
relatively low fall of the water table occurred, far lower than the
previously predicted values. The results of a simulation of the exploitation
regime of both the town and surrounding sources are presented in this paper
for a period of more than two and a half years and the results of the
identification of the basic hydrogeological parameters of the tapped
water-bearing layers are presented in this paper. In addition, a balance for
each element in the water-bearing layers exploited as sources of tapped water
for the town are presented.
Evaluating fuzzy inequalities and solving fully fuzzified linear fractional programs
Authors: Stanojevic B. , Stancu-Minasian I.M.
Published: January 2012

In our earlier articles, we proposed two methods for solving the fully
fuzzified linear fractional programming (FFLFP) problems. In this paper, we
introduce a different approach of evaluating fuzzy inequalities between two
triangular fuzzy numbers and solving FFLFP problems. First, using the
Charnes-Cooper method, we transform the linear fractional programming problem
into a linear one. Second, the problem of maximizing a function with
triangular fuzzy value is transformed into a problem of deterministic
multiple objective linear programming. Illustrative numerical examples are
given to clarify the developed theory and the proposed algorithm.
Preparing future teachers for inclusive education in Serbia: Current situation and needs
Authors: Macura-Milovanovic Suncica , Gera Iboja , Kovacevic Mirjana
Published: January 2012

The paper presents one part of the research for Serbia Country Report,
conducted within the regional project of the European Training Foundation.
The research was aimed at analyzing the current situation in initial
education of teachers, i.e. preparation of teachers for inclusive education
(IE), as well as the need for introducing changes in the initial education
curricula, leading towards a more efficient development of competences for
working with all students needing additional support for learning and social
participation. Qualitative research methodology was used. Data were collected
via: analysis of documents comprising curricula of basic studies of five
educational/teacher education faculties in Serbia with respect to IE
preparation; three focus groups with teachers; and thirty-one interviews with
other participants in the education system - principals of primary schools,
school psychologists, university educators, decision-makers in education, NGO
representatives and moderators of in-service teacher training programmes.
Analysis of initial education curricula indicated that these do not
contribute to the development of competences and preparation of teachers for
inclusive education. The basic obstacles to preparation for IE perceived by
research participants include inadequate curricula, dysfunctional
professional practice and negative attitudes of university educators towards
IE. The concluding part points out that the key factors for changes in
initial education comprise sufficient motivation of university educators,
awareness about the responsibility of the faculty to teach in accordance with
the IE concept, as well as the support to these faculties through wide social
action. The implications for enhancement of initial education of teachers
refer to introducing changes into study programmes and implementing the
strategies identified in practice, leading towards more effective preparation
of teachers for IE.
General causality orientations and defensive attributions of failure on academic exam
Authors: Bodroza Bojana , Mirkov Snezana
Published: January 2012

Defensive behaviour after failure, such as denial of the responsibility for
own achievement, reduces person?s openness for further learning and
development and, thus, is undesirable in pedagogical practice. General
causality orientations success-fully predict defensive behaviours after
failure. Autonomous causality orientation implies behaviours motivated by
personal growth and development, while controlling orientation purports
ego-involved behaviours aimed at proving one's own self-worth. The research
was conducted with the aim of testing two hypotheses (additive and
synergistic) about the influence of general causality orientations and their
combinations on defensive attribution of failure on the exam. After their
faculty exam, N=158 psychology students answered questions about the expected
grade and they filled out two questionnaires: Attribution of Success on the
Test and General Causality Orientation Scale. The results showed that
internal attribution of success is related to greater expected grade and
higher autonomous causality orientation. External attribution was
characteristic for individuals with high controlling causal orientation. It
was confirmed that general causality orientations can predict the way a
person perceives academic success. Thus, we give recommendations on how to
support and encourage autonomous and discourage controlling behaviours of
students.
Grade repetition in primary school from teachers’ perspective
Authors: Malinic Dusica
Published: January 2012

School underachievement is exhibited gradually, in different forms, while
grade repetition figures as one of the most prominent forms of
underachievement. In order to observe this phenomenon from different
perspectives, we conducted a research aimed at identifying teacher attitudes
towards grade repetition and grade repeaters in primary school, based on
their perceptions of: (a) the cause of grade repetition; (b) the
responsibility for grade repetition and (c) grade repetition as an
educational measure. The administered questionnaire was constructed for the
purposes of the research, descriptive statistics was used, and data were
obtained on the sample of 136 teachers from 31 primary schools from the
territory of the City of Belgrade. The results point out to the conclusion
that teachers perceive grade repetition as, first and foremost, the
consequence of students? lack of interest in school and learning and
undisciplined behavior in class. By treating student underachievement mainly
as a consequence of laziness, lack of motivation and insufficient effort,
teachers transfer responsibility to others, assessing that the personal
degree of responsibility for the underachievement of their students is very
low. The responsibility for underachievement is perceived more as a problem
of the student, his/her family, peer group, than as the problem of teachers
themselves. The concluding part points out to certain teaching procedures and
methods that have proved to be useful in the prevention of student
underachievement.
Distribution of immorality in attitudes of students towards school misbehaviour
Authors: Perunicic Ivana , Miric Jovan
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of immorality in
attitudes of students towards school misbehaviour (codes of behaviour at
school) and whether the intensity of agreement with school misbehaviour is
relative to student age. The research was conducted on the territory of
Serbia and included 11 primary schools, 12 secondary schools and 2 faculties.
The sample consisted of 1847 students (the gender was almost evenly
distributed), who were administered the School Misbehaviour Scale. The scale
showed a high reliability. We examined the following misbehaviours at school:
attitudes towards exam cheating, truancy, answer whispering, falsifying
school documents, rationalising violence towards teachers, bribery and
corruption, school nepotism and general attitudes towards misbehaviour. The
results showed that a great number of students agreed with school
misbehaviour; exam cheating and answer whispering are the most common
misbehaviours agreed with by students. Significant age differences in the
agreement with school misbehaviour were established; the development line of
approval of school misbehaviour is fairly equal for all types of school
misbehaviour and shows that fourth grade students in primary school least
approve of school misbehaviour, followed by sixth grade students. Seventh
grade figures as the period when agreement with almost all types of school
misbehaviour starts to increase. This is an upward and continuous trend
during the eighth grade, as well as in the first and second grade of
secondary school. In the third grade, agreement with misbehaviour starts to
decrease and this trend continues through the fourth grade of secondary
school and at the faculty.
Cutaneous manifestations in senile skin in coastal Goa
Authors: Pavithra S , Shukla P , Pai GS
Published: January 2012

Background Discoveries in medical sciences and improved social conditions during the past few decades have increased human life span thereby leading to an increasing segment of geriatric population.1 Senescence in the skin is a gradual process that ultimately results in the appearance and functional differences that we associate with age.2 The increasing segment of geriatric population are noted to have characteristic group of dermatoses which can be called as geriatric dermatoses. Such dermatoses may be expressed as cutaneous changes intrinsic to chronological ageing. Alternatively there may be other unrelated dermatoses having an altered expression on the geriatric skin. Aims This study aims to delineate the spectrum of various geriatric dermatoses among the hospital population at Goa Medical College (GMC). Methods This was a prospective study done over a period of one year in the department of dermatology, Goa Medical College. Patients above the age of 60 years presenting to the dermatological outpatient in GMC, patients referred from other wards were included in the study. A detail history and thorough clinical examination was done of every patient above 60 years who presented with skin complaints. A clinical photograph was taken of the relevant skin changes. Relevant investigations pertaining to the study were carried out to support the clinical findings. Results Of the 411 geriatric patients above 60 years, males (64.7%) outnumbered females (35.3%). Age group of 65-69 years constituted a maximum (57.9%) number of geriatric patients. Amongst the geriatric dermatoses, wrinkling of skin (99.3%) and graying of hair (96.8%) outnumbered all other findings. This was followed by benign neoplasias (80.5%). Fungal infections (20.7%), eczemas (19.2%), papulosquamous disorders (12.3%), senile pruritus (9.2%), senile comedones (8.5%), fissured soles (6.8%), xerosis and leg ulcers (6.6%) each, pigmentory disorders (5.8%), infestation (4.9%), vesiculobullous disorders (4.4%), senile purpura and immune, rheumatic disorders (4.1%) each. 3 (0.7%) malignant cases were reported. Graying of hair (96.8%) and alopecia (32.55%) were the ageing related hair changes seen. Among the nail disorders, longitudinal ridges (12.6%) was the commonest followed by nail discoloration (10.2%), subungual hyperkeratosis (7.3%), onycholysis (7.5%), onychomycosis and nail distortion (5.8%) each, pitting of nails (5.0%). Conclusion The skin is marker of systemic disease. With variation of geographical distribution in Goa, most common cutaneous findings are physiological aging signs, benign legions and very rarely malignant cutaneous changes have been seen. Keywords Ageing; geriatric; dermatoses; intrinsic; chronological; biopsies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5760NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 1-6
Comparative study of Methotrexate and Cyclosporine in the treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Karn D , Amatya A , Khatri R
Published: January 2012

Background Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by sharply demarcated, erythematous squamous lesions, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 0 to 11.8%. Methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine (CsA) are well known systemic therapies for moderate to severe chronic plague psoriasis. Objective The aim of this study is compare the efficacy of methotrexate and cyclosporine in the treatment of Psoriasis. Methods A prospective randomized study was conducting at the Dhulikhel Hospital, KUTH, Dhulikhel during November 2008 to July 2009 with the objective to compare the effectiveness, side effects and cost of MTX and CsA treatment in a context reflecting normal clinical practice. Results A total of 64 patients (33 receiving MTX and 31 receiving CsA) were enrolled. These patients were followed every week for first month and their PASI score and side effects were recorded at 0, 1st, 2nd and 3rd month interval. In the study, the mean (± S.E) PASI score at base line was 23.34 ± 1.12 for MTX and 21.25 ± 1.07 for CsA group. After 12 weeks of treatment the mean ± S.E PASI score found to be 5.37 ± 0.42 for MTX and 4.56 ± 0.41 for CsA group. The difference in the response between the groups acquired statistically not significance (p=0.160 > 0.05) meaning there is no difference in the effectiveness of MTX and CsA. Conclusions The efficacy, side effects, ease of administration (once weekly vs. twice daily treatment) and cost, it seems that treatment of psoriasis patient with systemic therapy using MTX is preferable than CsA even though, both have similar clinical efficacy. Keywords Methotrexate; Cyclosporine; Psoriasis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5763 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 15-21
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis
Authors: Kumari S , Mathur M
Published: January 2012

A Case Report about a rare Geno dermatosis -Dissamenated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis is presented.Key Words: Classic porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM); disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP); porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata (PPPD); linear porokeratosisDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5764 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 22-24
Egg Allergy in infancy
Authors: Shrestha R , Shrestha D , Poudyal R , Mishra N
Published: January 2012

Egg allergies are one of the most common allergies of childhood and the reactions may vary from mild to severe. A family history of egg allergy or atopy is a risk factor for egg allergy. Most food-induced allergic reactions occur on first known oral exposure, especially in the case of eggs and peanuts. We report a case of nine months old infant who developed egg allery (contact dermatitis) after contact with egg white, with a positive family history of atopy and egg allergy. Keywords Egg allergy; contact dermatitis; infancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5766 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 28-30
Darier White disease
Authors: Amatya A , Karn D , Aryal E , Makaju R , Shakya A , Priyadarshinee A
Published: January 2012

Darier’s disease was described inependently by Darier and White in 1989 AD. Reported prevalence varies from 1/100,000 in Denmark to 1 in 30- 35,000 in northern England and Scotland.1 Darier’s disease has been reported from other parts of the world, however,there has been no reported cases in Nepal. It is an inherited autosomal dominat disease characterized by dark crusty lesions over the seborrheic areas of the skin. We are reporting a case of Darier’s disease in a Nepalese patient who developed skin leison’s over his face and body at the age of 12 years. We took skin punch biopsy from the leisons, which showed findings suggestive of Darier’s disease. Our case was treated with isotrerenoin and topical keratolytics. He responded with the given treatment within two weeks of therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5770 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 34-36
Editorial v1i2
Authors: Ara Rowshan
Published: January 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9621Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 1
Informed Consent: Protecting Patients Or Salvaging Physicians
Authors: Memon Inayat Ullah
Published: January 2012

History of tradition of following ethical code in medical practice is very ancient and it could be traced as back as 3500 year old document of Ebers Papyrus (Berdon 2000). Later Greek and Egyptian teachings also emphasized upon ethical practices in medicine. But the concept of formally taking consent (and informed consent) with emphasis on patients’ rights and his/her autonomy emerged in early 20th century when some law suits were filed in courts, particularly in USA. Later the well known infamous atrocities carried out by Nazi doctors on prisoners during Second World War and consequent verdict by Nuremberg tribunal and milestone declaration of Nuremberg made a land mark in the history of medical ethics and provided a ground on which the doctrine of ‘Informed Consent’ is built. This paper discusses and analyzes various ethical issues related to informed consent. How the obligation of taking informed consent was established in the clinical practice and biomedical research. Discusses whether informed consent is a moral obligation or legal necessity with reference to various historical cases and presentation of views by some authors. This paper also analyzes famous legal litigations that helped to provide foundations for the patients’ rights and autonomy in clinical, such as cases of Shoendorff v. New York Hospital of 1914; Prince v. Massachusetts litigation of 1944; Canterbury v. Spence lawsuit of 1972; Large v. Superior court of Arizona legal case of 1986 and Younts v. Francis Hospital suit of 1986. A discussion is also made regarding five universally accepted components of informed concept (disclosure to the patient/research subject, comprehension by the patient, his/her competency, voluntariness and willingness), which are variously and sometimes conflictingly interpreted in different contexts and situations. Situations are highlighted where these problems create ethical dilemmas and legal conflicts in clinical and research environment and a reference is made to ongoing discussion whether informed consent has been primarily devised for protection of the patients or it is a tool to rescue physicians when they are brought to courts to face law suits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9623 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 7-10
Ethical Perception Of Tissue Banking In Bangladesh
Authors: Zahid Hasan M , Chakma Kanchan , Miah Mamun , Ness Azizun
Published: January 2012

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission has initiated the processing of human tissue for utilization in reconstructive surgery as allograft in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Tissue donation and grafting has comprehensive and versatile role in the health care sector. IAEA programmes to develop a series of tissue banks throughout South East Asia by having great significance for improving basic health care in other developing countries. Utilization of human tissues has been practicing in many countries and it has a long history. Bangladesh is somewhat new in the field of tissue banking activities to treat degenerative bone diseases, congenital deformities, bone fractures, gap non-union from traumatic accidents, dental defects, different type of burns, acid violence, leprotic ulcer, bedsore, traumatic open wound, diabetic wound etc. Several hospitals and clinics throughout the country are currently involved in tissue procurement and grafting though some of intricate ethical problems (ideological, cultural, psychological, and religious) and conflicts stay behind this field. For ethical and legal concern, the healthcare personnel have been working under the law of “Human Organ / Tissue Donation and Transplantation Act”, as the National Parliament of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has approved the declaration on 13th April-1999 requiring consent from the donor or next of kins. Before considering the legal and ethical questions associated with tissue banks, several functions must be identified and followed: improvement of the patient care, elimination of the trauma and morbidity associated with secondary surgical procedures, reduction of the prolonged hospital stays and medical costs etc. Although ethics, moral principles, and legal aspects are practicing within some degree of people, it should disseminate enormously to the general public of the country as they could be more aware and interested to tissue donation thereby more people will contribute to alleviate sufferings and more lives will save. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9624 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 11-19
Ethical Issues In Public Health Research
Authors: Mohammad Nurunnabi Abu Sadat , Jahan Mahmood Uz , Tanira Shaorin
Published: January 2012

Public health is the societal approach to protecting and promoting health. Public health ethics can be defined as the identification, analysis, and resolution of ethical problems arising in public health practice and research. The emerging interest in ethical issues in public health research and practice reflects both the important societal role of public health and the growing public interest in the scientific integrity of health information and the equitable distribution of health care resources. This article provides an overview of ethical issues in public health research for young researchers and readers who do not necessarily have an in-depth knowledge of public health ethics. A framework of ethics analysis geared specifically for public health is needed to provide practical guidance for public health professionals and researchers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Medical Research Council is playing a role in setting a standard in the field of biomedical research including public health concerning its strategy and ethical issues and by helping different health institutes to build up a research environment. Though public policy is based on many factors in addition to public health goals and ethical reasoning, it should not lead to the politically preferable option for a given time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9630 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 15-21
Study And Analysis Of Stem Cell Therapy And Its Ethical Consideration
Authors: Ullah M , Chaudhary Vidyanath , Absar Nurul
Published: January 2012

The controversy surrounding stem cell research led to an intense debate about ethics. Up until the recent years, the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week. Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS). iPS is artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, such as adult somatic cells. This is probably an important advancement in stem cell research, since it allows researchers to obtain pluripotent stem cells, which are important in research, without the controversial use of embryos. Nowadays stem cell treatment has been spreaded throughout the world. It has also been grown commercially in developed countries. This paper assesses the stem cell treatment as well as its impact in human life. It also examines specific stem cell therapy market that proves far reaching effect in world economy. Though various organizations have made it as a controversial issue the analysis shows that stem cell treatment has brought positive dimension in human society. A discussion has been made about the ethical issues of stem cell research and therapy; which focus how recent biotechnology and biological understandings of development narrow the debate. It is thought that one day it may be the major key to treat various diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9631 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 22-34
Understanding Lessons Of Ethics In The Primary Education Of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Alamgir , Imam Mehedi
Published: January 2012

In a bid to understand the lesson of ethics in the existing primary education according to government approved syllabus in Bangladesh, a survey was carried out in Dhaka and Kushtia for students studying at class 1 to class V, teachers and guardians. It has found that majority students are aware of ‘right and wrong’. Their source of learning are parents as mostly found, followed by teachers and both. Majority of guardians think text books contain ethical knowledge and they are insufficient. All the teachers found the textbooks contain ethical knowledge and education but only one forth of them found those as insufficient. On appropriateness of the lessons, only a few teachers were satisfied but majority felt the need of ethical knowledge according to age and psychology. In the text books, moral lessons are found in religion, social and environmental context as a mere advice. They are available in the form of do’s and don’ts. Stories carry ethical lesson but no individual lesson/chapter was found to be available in any books. The paper has tried to understand the existing syllabus in government run primary schools up to class V through interviewing students, teachers and guardians so that the level of lessons taught, and the need to learn the ethical knowledge can be assessed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9634 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 47-51
Moral Deviation In Young People Of Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Rowshan , Mahjabeen Tanha
Published: January 2012

Youths of Bangladesh (18-35) constitute one-third of the total population. In this article, young people imply both adolescents and youth. There are 28 million adolescent populations in Bangladesh. Approximately there are sixty million young people in Bangladesh The vast majority of them are illiterate, and handicapped with severe poverty. Because of lack of family control, proper education, poverty, unemployment and peer pressure a significant portion of them are deviated from the norm of the society. In this paper four issues of moral deviation- eve teasing, drug and substance abuse, juvenile delinquency and access to pornography will be discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9636 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 58-62
Introducing Shanghai Modern: The Future in Microcosm?
Authors: O´Connor Justin , Gu Xin
Published: January 2012

No abstract available.
Celebrating the International, Disremembering Shanghai: The Curious Case of the Shanghai International Film Festival
Authors: Ran Ma
Published: January 2012

The state-sanctioned Shanghai International Film Festival (SIFF) is the only film festival accredited by the Fédération Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films (FIAPF) in the Greater China region. This paper intends to explore the perceived paradoxes of the SIFF by approaching its vaguely defined vision of “being international/internationalization” (or guojihua). The vision of guojihua has, at best, fuelled the persistent efforts of the SIFF to emulate the globally standardized festival framework and redirect the global capital flow into its newly installed film market. On the other hand, the SIFF has been reluctant to use one of its most precious cultural legacies – the cosmopolitanism of the Republican era – as a branding resource. The main argument is that the weakened connection between the SIFF and its locality/cultural memory is not only a result of the superficial understanding of guojihua, but also of the fact that the central and the local government often hold conflicting ideas regarding the social engineering of Shanghai’s image.
The Hyperstationary State: Five Walks in Search of the Future in Shanghai
Authors: Hatherley Owen
Published: January 2012

Shanghai is invariably used in film sets and popular discourse as an image of the future. But what sort of future can be found here? Is it a qualitative or quantitative advance? Is there any trace in the landscape of China’s officially still-Communist ideology? Has the city become so contradictory as to be all-but unreadable? Contemporary Shanghai is often read as a purely capitalist spectacle, with the interruption between the colonial metropolis of the interwar years and the commercial megalopolis of today barely thought about. A sort of super-NEP has now visibly created one of the world’s most visually capitalist cities, at least in its neon-lit night-time appearance and its skyline of competing pinnacles. Yet this seeming contradiction is invariably effaced, smoothed over in the reigning notion of the ’harmonious society’.

This essay is a series of beginners’ impressions of the city’s architecture, so it is deeply tentative, but it finds hints of various non-capitalist built forms – particularly a concomitance with Soviet Socialist Realist architecture of the 1950s. It finds at the same time a dramatic cityscape of primitive accumulation, with extreme juxtapositions between the pre-1990s city and the present. Finally, in an excursion to the 2010 Shanghai Expo, we find two attempts to revive the language of a more egalitarian urban politics; in the Venezuelan Pavilion, an unashamed exercise in ’21st century socialism’; and in the ’Future Cities Pavilion’, which balances a wildly contradictory series of possible futures, alternately fossil fuel-driven and ecological, egalitarian and neoliberal, as if they could all happen at the same time.
The Power of Spectacle
Authors: Greenspan Anna
Published: January 2012

When people say Shanghai looks like the future the setting is almost always the same. Evening descends and the skyscrapers clustered on the eastern shore of the Huangpu light up. Super towers are transformed into giant screens. The spectacular skyline, all neon and lasers and LED, looms as a science fiction backdrop. Staring out from the Bund, across to Pudong, one senses the reemergence of what JG Ballard once described as an “electric and lurid city, more exciting than any other in the world.” The high-speed development of Pudong – in particular the financial district of Lujiazui – is the symbol of contemporary Shanghai and of China’s miraculous rise.

Yet, Pudong is also taken as a sign of much that is wrong with China’s new urbanism. To critics the sci-fi skyline is an emblem of the city’s shallowness, which focuses all attention on its glossy facade. Many share the sentiment of free market economist Milton Friedman who, when visiting Pudong famously derided the brand new spectacle as a giant Potemkin village. Nothing but “the statist monument for a dead pharaoh,” he is quoted as saying.

This article explores Pudong in order to investigate the way spectacle functions in China’s most dynamic metropolis. It argues that the skeptical hostility towards spectacle is rooted in the particularities of a Western philosophical tradition that insists on penetrating the surface, associating falsity with darkness and truth with light.

In contrast, China has long recognized the power of spectacle (most famously inventing gunpowder but using it only for fireworks). Alongside this comes an acceptance of a shadowy world that belongs to the dark. This acknowledgment of both darkness and light found in traditional Chinese culture (expressed by the constant revolutions of the yin/yang symbol) may provide an alternative method for thinking about the tension between the spectacular visions of planners and the unexpected and shadowy disruptions from the street.
Hydrogenation of Anthracene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent Using Ni Supported on Hβ-Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Sahle-Demessie Endalkachew , Devulapelli Venu Gopal , Hassan Ashraf Aly
Published: January 2012

Catalytic hydrogenation of anthracene was studied over Ni supported on Hβ-zeolite catalyst under supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) solvent. Hydrogenation of anthracene in sc-CO2 yielded 100% conversion at 100 °C, which is attributed to the reduced mass transfer limitations, and increased solubility of H2 and substrate in the reaction medium. The total pressure of 7 MPa was found to be optimum for high selectivity of octahydroanthracene (OHA). The conversion and selectivity for OHA increased with an increase in H2 partial pressure, which is attributed to higher concentration of hydrogen atoms at higher H2 pressures. The selectivity reduced the pressure below 7 MPa because of enhanced desorption of the tetrahydro-molecules and intermediates from Ni active sites, due to higher solubility of the surface species in sc-CO2. The selectivity of OHA increased with the increase in catalyst weight and reaction time. The rate of hydrogenation of anthracene was compared with that found for napthalene and phenanthrene. The use of acetonitrile as co-solvent or expanded liquid with CO2 decreased the catalytic activity.
Stresses and Displacements in Functionally Graded Materials of Semi-Infinite Extent Induced by Rectangular Loadings
Authors: Xiao Hong-Tian , Yue Zhong-Qi
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the stress and displacement fields in a functionally graded material (FGM) caused by a load. The FGM is a graded material of Si3N4-based ceramics and is assumed to be of semi-infinite extent. The load is a distributed loading over a rectangular area that is parallel to the external surface of the FGM and either on its external surface or within its interior space. The point-load analytical solutions or so-called Yue’s solutions are used for the numerical integration over the distributed loaded area. The loaded area is discretized into 200 small equal-sized rectangular elements. The numerical integration is carried out with the regular Gaussian quadrature. Weak and strong singular integrations encountered when the field points are located on the loaded plane, are resolved with the classical methods in boundary element analysis. The numerical integration results have high accuracy.
Applications of Aptasensors in Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Hong Ping , Li Wenli , Li Jinming
Published: January 2012

Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) selected in vitro that bind a broad range of targets with high affinity and specificity; a sensitive yet simple method to utilize aptamers as recognition elements for the development of biosensors (aptasensors) is to transduce the signal electrochemically. So far, aptasensors have been applied to clinical diagnostics and several technologies are in development. Aptasensors will extend the limits of current clinical diagnostics. Although the potential diagnostic applications are unlimited, the most current applications are foreseen in the areas of biomarker detection, cancer clinical testing, detection of infectious microorganisms and viruses. This review attempts to list examples of the research progresses of aptamers in biosensor platforms that have been published in recent years; in particular, we display cases of aptasensors that are already incorporated in clinical diagnostics or have potential applications in clinical diagnostics.
Improvement of the oxidation stability of cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Dobbrow Celin , Schmidt Annette M
Published: January 2012

In order to enhance the resistance of cobalt nanoparticles to oxidation in air, the impact of different stabilization strategies on the isothermal oxidation of particle dispersions and powders was kinetically investigated and compared to as-prepared particle preparations. A post-synthesis treatment with different alcohols was employed, and we also investigate the influence of two different polymer shells on the oxidation process. We found a parabolic decrease of the magnetization for all particle charges, indicating that the process is dominated by a diffusion of oxygen to the cobalt core and a radial growth of the oxide layer from the particle surface to the core. A significant deceleration of the oxidation process was observed for all alcohol-passivated particle preparations, and this resulted finally in a stagnation effect. The stabilizing effect increases in the sequence Co@OA/MeOH < Co@OA/EtOH < Co@OA/iPrOH. For polymer-coated particle preparations Co@PCL and Co@PS, the deceleration was even more pronounced. The results demonstrate that cobalt nanoparticles can effectively be protected against oxidation in order to improve their mid- to longterm stability.
Teaching the Concept Curricula: Theory and Method
Authors: Hardin Pamela K. , Richardson Stephanie J.
Published: January 2012

Conceptual teaching in nursing education offiers benefits over traditional content and fact-laden curricula, including the development of cognitive skills necessary for knowledge transfer across contexts and the ability to transform students into lifelong learners. The recent focus on active and learner-centered teaching techniques does not equate to learning conceptually, although it is a positive move away from teacher-centered techniques. A paucity of educational nursing literature exists that delineates both the theory and methods used to teach conceptually. We present a semiotic framework for teaching conceptually, in addition to outlining three core components necessary for conceptual learners: addressing misconceptions, developing enduring understandings, and acquiring metacognitive skills. Five teaching methods that are particularly fitting for concept-based curricula and useful across all program levels are described and outlined. Active and learner-centered activities can also be designed and adapted to develop the mindset necessary to learn conceptually.
Cambio de paradigma en los estudios de innovación: el giro social de las políticas europeas de innovación
Authors: Echeverría Ezponda Javier , Merino Malillos Lucía
Published: January 2012

Los estudios de innovación han experimentado un giro social en esta primera década del siglo XXI, que comienza a trasladarse a las políticas de innovación. Estamos ante un nuevo paradigma en ese tipo de estudios, no sólo ante una nueva ampliación de los tipos y modelos de innovación. Para ello, se analizan algunos de los primeros marcos conceptuales de la innovación social (Goldenberg y grupo Crises en Canadá, Young Foundation y NESTA en el Reino Unido) y se comenta el avance del nuevo paradigma en la Unión Europea. Se concluye que las tecnociencias de innovación social parecen haber llegado a un punto de amplio consenso: las innovaciones sociales surgen en primera instancia de la sociedad civil, pero también pueden ser generadas o implementadas por el sector público y por el sector privado. Además, tanto los medios como los fines para promoverlas han de ser predominantemente sociales.
La autoayuda y el consumo de dispositivos psíquicos en el caso de la Innovación
Authors: Apodaka Eduardo
Published: January 2012

La innovación aparece en el mundo de la empresa y, en general, en los ámbitos organizacionales, como demanda del sistema económico propio del capitalismo informacional y de su lógica imperante: la búsqueda del valor añadido. Y lo hace en concurso con lógicas culturales que han ido vaciando y desmontando al sujeto psíquico moderno. La iniciativa y la motivación han pasado de materia prima a producto altamente elaborado. Un producto que puede ser trabajado desde fuera del sujeto por las vías tradicionales, o bien inserto en una autoconstrucción psicologizante. Este texto analiza la función psicocultural y el éxito de los libros de autoayuda junto con su “psico-ideología”. Si bien la cultura de la autoayuda tiene como horizonte todo tipo de ámbito de relación y todas las disposiciones, sentimientos y emociones, el artículo se ocupa del caso de la innovación, es decir, del análisis de la función de los libros de autoayuda destinados a convertir a la gente en innovadora y proactiva.
La innovación social y el nuevo discurso del Management: limitaciones y alternativas
Authors: Alonso Luis Enrique , Fernández Rodríguez Carlos Jesús
Published: January 2012

El discurso de la innovación social se construyó, en otras épocas, en torno a la articulación de proyectos colectivos; sin embargo, en la actualidad se ha consolidado un nuevo imaginario simbólico en el que la noción de cambio personal, muy permeable a las explicaciones psicológicas y a la fascinación por lo emocional, se ha convertido en la variable central sobre la que gira la explicación de lo social. En este sentido, el discurso del management, hegemónico en la actualidad, representa esta tendencia actual a la perfección, por cuanto construye el éxito en el mundo laboral en torno al dominio de un conjunto de competencias de personalidad. En este texto, nuestro objetivo es analizar críticamente las prescripciones que plantean estos nuevos y poderosos discursos manageriales, a la vez que se discuten posibles alternativas a los mismos desde ópticas como la de los Critical Management Studies.
Reflexiones sobre la empresa en el contexto de la innovación social
Authors: Cañada Vicinay Luis
Published: January 2012

El presente artículo trata de abordar aquellas ideas que giran en torno a las conexiones que se producen entre la innovación social y el mundo de la empresa. En él el autor explora los discursos, las acciones y las formas de gestión empresariales en un intento por comprender los sentidos y la filosofía que se esconde detrás de lo que llamamos procesos de Innovación Social. Aspectos como la sostenibilidad humana, la creatividad, el conocimiento, el talento, las emociones y la cultura juegan un papel crucial en las dinámicas innovadoras que se producen dentro del mundo de la empresa y de las estrategias que ésta emplea para reinventarse y actualizarse con el paso de los años. De este modo, la empresa no sólo acaba convirtiéndose en un desafío constante para su propia actividad y para las personas que trabajan, también se convierte en una muestra representativa de la sociedad en la que vivimos y cómo ésta se desarrolla.
El teatro de Joaquín Dicenta: la otra revolución social
Authors: López Criado Fidel
Published: January 2012

El trabajo estudia la aportación del teatro de Joaquín Dicenta al llamado “teatro social” o “de la cuestión social” en España. Su tesis difiere de la consideración crítica habitual y mantiene que el teatro social de Dicenta nace de un pensamiento kaustkiano (es decir, social-demócrata, que no marxista-leninista), que tiene a la burguesía y no al proletario como su principal destinatario. Así, pues, el teatro de Dicenta se convierte en un espectáculo revolucionario, de agitación y propaganda, dirigido a la burguesía progresista, a la que se le encomienda la labor de liderar esa “otra revolución social” marxista que debe discurrir por cauces parlamentarios y democráticos, no violentos.
Sapientia et Doctrina. Ciencias Naturales y poder académico en España durante la Edad de Plata
Authors: López Sánchez José María
Published: January 2012

Este trabajo quiere presentar la complejidad de la sociología académica de las ciencias naturales en España a lo largo del primer tercio del siglo XX. En torno a los dos polos geográficos más significativos de la ciencia española durante esos años, Madrid y Barcelona, las disputas académicas adquirieron una especial relevancia por varias razones. Ambos espacios académicos rivalizaban por la primacia en la dirección de los trabajos naturalistas dentro de España, aunque en Barcelona el peso del catalanismo político fue ganando cada vez más importancia. Tanta o más relevancia adquirió la competencia entre los naturalistas que creían posible un desarrollo armónico de ciencia y fe en el seno de las ciencias naturales y los practicantes de un naturalismo racionalista y moderno alejado de toda subordinación a dogmas religiosos. El caso concreto que aquí nos ocupa permite reflejar algunos aspectos de esta complejidad macrohistórica.
En el origen de la novela corta del Siglo de Oro: los novellieri en España
Authors: González Ramírez David
Published: January 2012

Este estudio presenta un panorama general sobre la recepción y el impacto en España de los novellieri que fueron traducidos al castellano. Se han abordado aquellos aspectos que reúnen más interés sobre los problemas bibliográficos y las cuestiones derivadas de las traducciones de las obras de Straparola, Guicciardini, Bandello y Giraldi Cinzio, aparecidas todas entre 1580 y 1590. Finalmente, se aporta una serie de sugerencias con las que habrá que contar para tratar de reconstruir con suficientes garantías ese capítulo liminar de la historia de la novela en España que tiene como epicentro la difusión de los novellieri en España.
Economía, sociedad y ética: Una propuesta integrativa
Authors: Pena López José Atilano
Published: January 2012

El presente trabajo propone una revisión crítica de los diversos enfoques que proponen situar el hecho económico dentro del social, así como de las perspectivas que la Ética adopta sobre la economía. Partiendo de este análisis, el replanteamiento del Das Adam Smith Problem permite sentar las bases de una racionalidad socioeconómica integradora. Ésta propuesta de una ética y economía integrativas supera las dicotomías tradicionales entre hechos y valores y la escisión entre racionalidad económica y social, así como, los errores que el análisis ético comete en sus juicios sobre la lógica interna de la Ciencia Económica.
Working with Young People at University of Porto
Authors: Marques Jose C. , Restivo Maria T.
Published: January 2012

<span style="layout-grid-mode: line; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">This work describes several initiatives of the University of Porto in Portugal and of its Faculty of Engineering, whose common goal is to attract young people to higher education in general, and to science and technology in particular. The U.Porto Annual Exhibition is briefly mentioned and Junior University is described in some detail. The Engineering Open Days and the EMPE Portal for secondary school students are also presented.