bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PGRN is involved in macrophage M2 polarization regulation through TNFR2 in periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Nie Fujiao , Zhao Jingjing , Li Shutong , Liu Wenchuan , Guo Hongmei , Yang Pishan
Published: April 2024

Background and objective

Progranulin (PGRN), a multifunctional growth factor, plays indispensable roles in the regulation of cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, its immune regulatory role in periodontitis is insufficiently understood. This study attempts to explore the regulatory effects of PGRN on macrophage polarization in periodontitis microenvironment.

Methods

Immunohistochemical (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemical (mIHC) stainings were performed to evaluate the expression of macrophage-related markers and PGRN in gingival samples from periodontally healthy subjects and periodontitis subjects. RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized towards M1 or M2 macrophages by the addition of LPS or IL-4, respectively, and were treated with or without PGRN. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry were used to determine the expressions of M1 and M2 macrophage-related markers. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction between PGRN and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2). Neutralizing antibody was used to block TNFR2 to confirm the role of TNFR2 in PGRN-mediated macrophage polarization.

Results

The IHC and mIHC staining of human gingival slices showed a significant accumulation of macrophages in the microenvironment of periodontitis, with increased expressions of both M1 and M2 macrophage markers. Meanwhile, PGRN was widely expressed in the gingival tissue of periodontitis and co-expressed mainly with M2 macrophages. In vitro experiments showed that in RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs, M1 markers (CD86, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6) substantially decreased and M2 markers (CD206, IL-10, and Arg-1) significantly increased when PGRN was applied to LPS-stimulated macrophages relatively to LPS stimulation alone. Besides, PGRN synergistically promoted IL-4-induced M2 markers expression, such as CD206, IL-10, and Arg1. In addition, the co-immunoprecipitation result showed the direct interaction of PGRN with TNFR2. mIHC staining further revealed the co-localization of PGRN and TNFR2 on M2 macrophages (CD206+). Blocking TNFR2 inhibited the regulation role of PGRN on macrophage M2 polarization.

Conclusions

In summary, PGRN promotes macrophage M2 polarization through binding to TNFR2 in both pro- and anti-inflammatory periodontal microenvironments.
Potential value of CT-based comprehensive nomogram in predicting occult lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell paralaryngeal nerves: a two-center study
Authors: Xue Ting , Wan Xinyi , Zhou Taohu , Zou Qin , Ma Chao , Chen Jieqiong
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to construct a combined model that integrates radiomics, clinical risk factors and machine learning algorithms to predict para-laryngeal lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

A retrospective study included 361 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from 2 centers. Radiomics features were extracted from the computed tomography scans. Logistic regression, k nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron, light Gradient Boosting Machine, support vector machine, random forest algorithms were used to construct radiomics models. The receiver operating characteristic curve and The Hosmer–Lemeshow test were employed to select the better-performing model. Clinical risk factors were identified through univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis and utilized to develop a clinical model. A combined model was then created by merging radiomics and clinical risk factors. The performance of the models was evaluated using ROC curve analysis, and the clinical value of the models was assessed using decision curve analysis.

Results

A total of 1024 radiomics features were extracted. Among the radiomics models, the KNN model demonstrated the optimal diagnostic capabilities and accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 in the training cohort and 0.62 in the internal test cohort. Furthermore, the combined model exhibited an AUC of 0.97 in the training cohort and 0.86 in the internal test cohort.

Conclusion

A clinical-radiomics integrated nomogram can predict occult para-laryngeal lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and provide guidance for personalized treatment.
The effect of T cell aging on the change of human tissue structure
Authors: Xu Ling-ling , Chen Xiang , Cheng Jing-ping
Published: April 2024

The trend of aging of the global population is becoming more and more significant, and the incidence of age-related diseases continues to rise.This phenomenon makes the problem of aging gradually attracted wide attention of the society, and gradually developed into an independent research field.As a vital defense mechanism of the human body, the immune system changes significantly during the aging process.Age-induced changes in the body’s immune system are considered harmful and are commonly referred to as immune aging, which may represent the beginning of systemic aging.Immune cells, especially T cells, are the biggest influencers and participants in age-related deterioration of immune function, making older people more susceptible to different age-related diseases.More and more evidence shows that T cells play an important role in the change of human tissue structure after aging, which fundamentally affects the health and survival of the elderly.In this review, we discuss the general characteristics of age-related T cell immune alterations and the possible effects of aging T cells in various tissue structures in the human body.
Walking with unilateral ankle-foot unloading: a comparative biomechanical analysis of three assistive devices
Authors: Saffuri Eshraq , Izak Eyal , Tal Yinon , Kodesh Einat , Epstein Yoram , Solav Dana
Published: April 2024

Background

Foot and ankle unloading is essential in various clinical contexts, including ulcers, tendon ruptures, and fractures. Choosing the right assistive device is crucial for functionality and recovery. Yet, research on the impact of devices beyond crutches, particularly ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) designed to unload the ankle and foot, is limited. This study investigates the effects of three types of devices—forearm crutches, knee crutch, and AFO—on biomechanical, metabolic, and subjective parameters during walking with unilateral ankle-foot unloading.

Methods

Twenty healthy participants walked at a self-selected speed in four conditions: unassisted able-bodied gait, and using three unloading devices, namely forearm crutches, iWalk knee crutch, and ZeroG AFO. Comprehensive measurements, including motion capture, force plates, and metabolic system, were used to assess various spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic parameters. Additionally, participants provided subjective feedback through questionnaires. The conditions were compared using a within-subject crossover study design with repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Significant differences were found between the three devices and able-bodied gait. Among the devices, ZeroG exhibited significantly faster walking speed and lower metabolic cost. For the weight-bearing leg, ZeroG exhibited the shortest stance phase, lowest braking forces, and hip and knee angles most similar to normal gait. However, ankle plantarflexion after push-off using ZeroG was most different from normal gait. IWalk and crutches caused significantly larger center-of-mass mediolateral and vertical fluctuations, respectively. Participants rated the ZeroG as the most stable, but more participants complained it caused excessive pressure and pain. Crutches were rated with the highest perceived exertion and lowest comfort, whereas no significant differences between ZeroG and iWalk were found for these parameters.

Conclusions

Significant differences among the devices were identified across all measurements, aligning with previous studies for crutches and iWalk. ZeroG demonstrated favorable performance in most aspects, highlighting the potential of AFOs in enhancing gait rehabilitation when unloading is necessary. However, poor comfort and atypical sound-side ankle kinematics were evident with ZeroG. These findings can assist clinicians in making educated decisions about prescribing ankle-foot unloading devices and guide the design of improved devices that overcome the limitations of existing solutions.
Intelligent robot-assisted fracture reduction system for the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures
Authors: Wu Zhengjie , Dai Yonghong , Zeng Yanhui
Published: April 2024

Background

Precise and minimally invasive closed reduction is the premise of minimally invasive internal fixation. This paper aims to explore the safety and efficacy of a robot-assisted fracture reduction system (RAFR) in the treatment of pelvic fractures and to analyze its clinical advantages and existing problems.

Methods

The RAFR system intelligently designed the optimal reduction path and target position based on a preoperative three-dimensional(3D) CT scan of the patient. The reduction robotic arm automatically reduced the affected hemipelvis according to the pre-planned reduction path.

Results

The average residual displacement was the 6.65 ± 3.59 mm. According to Matta’s criteria, there were 7 excellent, 10 good, and 3 fair, and the excellent and good rate was 85%. No postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion

In our study, the RAFR system could complete accurate and minimally invasive closed reduction for most patients with unstable pelvic fractures, which could achieve good fracture reduction quality and short-term efficacy.
Mind the gap! Interdisciplinary approach to anterior chest wall reconstruction after total sternectomy
Authors: Glueck Olaf Michael , Ehrl Denis , Hatz Rudolf A. , Fertmann Jan M.
Published: April 2024

Background

There are various reconstructive methods after total sternectomy. Reproducibility is scarce due to overall small patient numbers. Therefore we present a standardized, interdisciplinary approach for thoracic and plastic surgery.

Methods

Four patients underwent interdisciplinary chest wall reconstruction with STRATOS® titanium bars and myocutaneous vastus lateralis muscle free flap in our center.

Results

All patients reported chest wall stability after reconstruction. They reported good quality of life, no dyspnea, prolonged pain or impairment in lung function from rigid reconstruction. FEV1/FVC was overall better after surgery. Secondary wound healing was not impaired and there was no implant defect in follow up.

Conclusions

We recommend an interdisciplinary surgical approach in chest wall reconstruction after total sternectomy. The combination of rigid reconstruction with titanium bars and a myocutaneous vastus lateralis muscle free flap renders excellent results in patient satisfaction and is objectifiable via spirometry.
The effect of family-centered care on unplanned emergency room visits, hospital readmissions and intensive care admissions after surgery: a root cause analysis from a prospective multicenter study in the Netherlands
Authors: Kreca Sani Marijke , Albers Iris Sophie , Musters Selma Clazina Wilhelmina , van Dijkum Els Jaqueline Maria Nieveen , Tuinman Pieter Roel , Eskes Anne Maria ,   on behalf of the ARTIS consortium, Besselink Marc G.H. , Bakker Chris A. , van Langen Rosanna , Heidsma Charlotte , Ouwens Marjan , Hendriks Marie-José , van Leeuwen Barbara L. , Smith Reggie , Schreuder Marthe , Chaboyer Wendy , van der Wal-Huisman Hanneke , Romijn Johannes A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Optimizing transitional care by practicing family-centered care might reduce unplanned events for patients who undergo major abdominal cancer surgery. However, it remains unknown whether involving family caregivers in patients’ healthcare also has negative consequences for patient safety. This study assessed the safety of family involvement in patients’ healthcare by examining the cause of unplanned events in patients who participated in a family involvement program (FIP) after major abdominal cancer surgery.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis focusing on the intervention group of a prospective cohort study conducted in the Netherlands. Data were collected from April 2019 to May 2022. Participants in the intervention group were patients who engaged in a FIP. Unplanned events were analyzed, and root causes were identified using the medical version of a prevention- and recovery-information system for monitoring and analysis (PRISMA) that analyses unintended events in healthcare. Unplanned events were compared between patients who received care from family caregivers and patients who received professional at-home care after discharge. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze data.

Results

Of the 152 FIP participants, 68 experienced an unplanned event and were included. 112 unplanned events occurred with 145 root causes since some unplanned events had several root causes. Most root causes of unplanned events were patient-related factors (n = 109, 75%), such as patient characteristics and disease-related factors. No root causes due to inadequate healthcare from the family caregiver were identified. Unplanned events did not differ statistically (interquartile range 1–2) (p = 0.35) between patients who received care from trained family caregivers and those who received professional at-home care after discharge.

Conclusion

Based on the insights from the root-cause analysis in this prospective multicenter study, it appears that unplanned emergency room visits and hospital readmissions are not related to the active involvement of family caregivers in surgical follow-up care. Moreover, surgical follow-up care by trained family caregivers during hospitalization was not associated with increased rates of unplanned adverse events. Hence, the concept of active family involvement by proficiently trained family caregivers in postoperative care appears safe and feasible for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Intermittent intravenous paracetamol versus continuous morphine in infants undergoing cardiothoracic surgery: a multi-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zeilmaker-Roest Gerdien , de Vries-Rink Christine , van Rosmalen Joost , van Dijk Monique , de Wildt Saskia N. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. , Koomen Erik , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Kneyber Martin C. J. , Maebe Sofie , Van den Berghe Greet , Haghedooren Renata , Vlasselaers Dirk , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Tibboel Dick , Wildschut Enno D.
Published: April 2024

Background

To determine whether intermittent intravenous (IV) paracetamol as primary analgesic would significantly reduce morphine consumption in children aged 0–3 years after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

Multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial in four level-3 Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) in the Netherlands and Belgium. Inclusion period; March 2016–July 2020. Children aged 0–3 years, undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were eligible. Patients were randomized to continuous morphine or intermittent IV paracetamol as primary analgesic after a loading dose of 100 mcg/kg morphine was administered at the end of surgery. Rescue morphine was given if numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores exceeded predetermined cutoff values. Primary outcome was median weight-adjusted cumulative morphine dose in mcg/kg in the first 48 h postoperative. For the comparison of the primary outcome between groups, the nonparametric Van Elteren test with stratification by center was used. For comparison of the proportion of patients with one or more NRS pain scores of 4 and higher between the two groups, a non-inferiority analysis was performed using a non-inferiority margin of 20%.

Results

In total, 828 were screened and finally 208 patients were included; parents of 315 patients did not give consent and 305 were excluded for various reasons. Fourteen of the enrolled 208 children were withdrawn from the study before start of study medication leaving 194 patients for final analysis. One hundred and two patients received intermittent IV paracetamol, 106 received continuous morphine. The median weight-adjusted cumulative morphine consumption in the first 48 h postoperative in the IV paracetamol group was 5 times lower (79%) than that in the morphine group (median, 145.0 (IQR, 115.0–432.5) mcg/kg vs 692.6 (IQR, 532.7–856.1) mcg/kg; P < 0.001). The rescue morphine consumption was similar between the groups (p = 0.38). Non-inferiority of IV paracetamol administration in terms of NRS pain scores was proven; difference in proportion − 3.1% (95% CI − 16.6–10.3%).

Conclusions

In children aged 0–3 years undergoing cardiac surgery, use of intermittent IV paracetamol reduces the median weight-adjusted cumulative morphine consumption in the first 48 h after surgery by 79% with equal pain relief showing equipoise for IV paracetamol as primary analgesic.

Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05853263; EudraCT Number: 2015-001835-20.
DISSECT: deep semi-supervised consistency regularization for accurate cell type fraction and gene expression estimation
Authors: Khatri Robin , Machart Pierre , Bonn Stefan
Published: April 2024

Cell deconvolution is the estimation of cell type fractions and cell type-specific gene expression from mixed data. An unmet challenge in cell deconvolution is the scarcity of realistic training data and the domain shift often observed in synthetic training data. Here, we show that two novel deep neural networks with simultaneous consistency regularization of the target and training domains significantly improve deconvolution performance. Our algorithm, DISSECT, outperforms competing algorithms in cell fraction and gene expression estimation by up to 14 percentage points. DISSECT can be easily adapted to other biomedical data types, as exemplified by our proteomic deconvolution experiments.
Single-molecule long-read methylation profiling reveals regional DNA methylation regulated by Elongator Complex Subunit 2 in Arabidopsis roots experiencing spaceflight
Authors: Zhou Mingqi , Riva Alberto , Gauthier Marie-Pierre L. , Kladde Michael P. , Ferl Robert J. , Paul Anna-Lisa
Published: April 2024

Background

The Advanced Plant Experiment-04 - Epigenetic Expression (APEX-04-EpEx) experiment onboard the International Space Station examined the spaceflight-altered cytosine methylation in two genetic lines ofArabidopsis thaliana, wild-type Col-0 and the mutantelp2-5, which is deficient in an epigenetic regulator Elongator Complex Subunit 2 (ELP2). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) revealed distinct spaceflight associated methylation differences, presenting the need to explore specific space-altered methylation at single-molecule resolution to associate specific changes over large regions of spaceflight related genes. To date, tools of multiplexed targeted DNA methylation sequencing remain limited for plant genomes.

Results

To provide methylation data at single-molecule resolution, Flap-enabled next-generation capture (FENGC), a novel targeted multiplexed DNA capture and enrichment technique allowing cleavage at any specified sites, was applied to survey spaceflight-altered DNA methylation in genic regions of interest. The FENGC capture panel contained 108 targets ranging from 509 to 704 nt within the promoter or gene body regions of gene targets derived from spaceflight whole-genome data sets. In addition to genes with significant changes in expression and average methylation levels between spaceflight and ground control, targets with space-altered distributions of the proportion of methylated cytosines per molecule were identified. Moreover, trends of co-methylation of different cytosine contexts were exhibited in the same DNA molecules. We further identified significant DNA methylation changes in three previously biological process-unknown genes, and loss-of-function mutants of two of these genes (named asEMO1andEMO2forELP2-regulated Methylation in Orbit 1and2) showed enhanced root growth rate.

Conclusions

FENGC simplifies and reduces the cost of multiplexed, targeted, single-molecule profiling of methylation in plants, providing additional resolution along each DNA molecule that is not seen in population-based short-read data such as WGBS. This case study has revealed spaceflight-altered regional modification of cytosine methylation occurring within single DNA molecules of cell subpopulations, which were not identified by WGBS. The single-molecule survey by FENGC can lead to identification of novel functional genes. The newly identifiedEMO1andEMO2are root growth regulators which may be epigenetically involved in plant adaptation to spaceflight.
Cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in chronic weight management in Portugal
Authors: Silva Miguel Luís , Soares Mariana , Olivieri Anamaria , Sampaio Filipa , Lamotte Mark , Shukla Suramya , Conde Vasco , Freitas Paula , Costa João , Borges Margarida
Published: April 2024

Background

Obesity and overweight are a significant public health concern. Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg injection is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue approved by the European Medicines Agency as an adjunct to a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity (diet and exercise, D&E) for the treatment obesity and overweight in the presence of at least one weight related comorbidity. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E compared to D&E alone for the Portuguese setting.

Methods

Analysis were conducted using the Core Obesity Model (COM) version 18, a Markov state transition cohort model, to predict the health outcomes and costs of weight related complications based on changes in surrogate endpoints. Efficacy and safety data were sourced from the STEP trials (Body Mass Index, systolic blood pressure and glycemic status) from a cohort of adults aged on average 48 years with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and ≥ 1 obesity-related comorbidities, over a time horizon of 40 years. Costs were estimated from the perspective of the Portuguese National Health Service. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of results across a range of assumptions.

Results

On a patient level, Semaglutide 2.4 mg in addition to D&E compared to D&E alone, improved QALYs by 0.098 and yielded higher costs by 1,325 EUR over a 40-year time horizon, with an ICER of 13,459 EUR per QALY gained and 100% probability of cost-effectiveness at the given WTP. Semaglutide 2.4 mg remained cost-effective across all different scenarios and sensitivity analysis at a WTP of 20,000 EUR per QALY. Among the subpopulations examined, Semaglutide 2.4 mg yielded ICERs of 18,459 EUR for patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and of 22,657 EUR for patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2.

Conclusions

Semaglutide 2.4 mg was cost-effective compared to D&E alone for patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and weight related comorbidities in Portugal, over a 40-year time horizon.
Community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in ICU: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Grosjean Vincent , Gressens Simon B. , Pham Tài , Gaudry Stéphane , Ait-Oufella Hafid , De Prost Nicolas , Mayaux Julien , Guerot Emmanuel , Leflon-Guibout Véronique , Mayer Noémie , Bert Frédéric , Gault Nathalie , Massonnaud Clément R. , Roux Damien
Published: April 2024

Background

Alongside the recent worldwide expansion of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infections, the available literature regarding cases of community acquired pneumonias (KP-CAP) remains scarce but reports a strikingly high and early mortality. We performed a retrospective multicenter study (7 ICU in France) between 2015 and 2019, comparing prognosis and severity of KP-CAP versus Streptococcus pneumoniae - CAP (SP-CAP).

Methods

For each KP-CAP, three SP-CAP admitted in ICUs within the same center and within the same 6-month window were selected. When available, KP strains were studied, and bacterial virulence was genetically assessed for virulence factors. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Associations between clinical outcomes and type of infection were tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, adjusted for pairing variables.

Results

Twenty-seven KP-CAP and 81 SP-CAP were included. Respective in-hospital mortality rates were 59% (n = 16) and 17% (n = 14, p < 0.001), despite adequate antibiotic therapy. KP-CAP median time from admission to death was 26.9 h [IQR 5.75–44 h] and were significantly associated with higher rates of multiple organ failures (93% vs. 42%, p < 0.001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (12% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.046), septic shock (median lactate on ICU admission 4.60 vs. 2.90 mmol/L, p = 0.030) and kidney failure (KDIGO-3: 87% vs. 44%, p < 0.001). Interestingly, alcoholism was the only identified predisposing factor of KP-CAP. Severity on ICU admission (2-fold higher for KP-CAP) was the only factor associated with mortality in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

We described a strong association between KP-CAP infection and higher and earlier mortality when compared to SP-CAP. Moreover, alcoholism was the sole predisposing factor associated with KP-CAP infection. These findings should raise awareness of clinicians involved in the management of severe CAP about this microbiological etiology. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and to design strategies to improve the prognosis of such infections.
Influence of Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies on Thyroglobulin Levels Measured by Different Methodologies: IMA, LC-MS/MS, and RIA
Authors: Petrovic Ivana , LoPresti Jonathan , Fatemi Shireen , Gianoukakis Andrew , Burman Kenneth , Gomez-Lima Cristiane J , Nguyen Caroline T , Spencer Carole Ann
Published: April 2024

Context

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measured by immunometric assay (IMA) is prone to underestimation due to Tg autoantibody (TgAb) interference, often prompting reflex Tg measurement by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (MS) or radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Objective

IMA, MS, and RIA methodologies were used to measure serum Tg in TgAb-negative (TgAb−) and TgAb-positive (TgAb+) patients with either distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) or hyperthyroidism (HY)—patients in whom a detectable serum Tg would be expected.

Results

When TgAb was absent, all methodologies detected Tg in the sera of all DTC and HY patients and reported appropriate Tg trends and treatment responses for DTC patients with progressive distant metastatic disease, albeit with high between-method variability (> 30% coefficient of variability). When TgAb was present, all methodologies reported lower serum Tg levels for both DTC and HY groups vs their respective TgAb− group. No Tg was detected by IMA or MS in ∼50% TgAb+ DTC patients (6% had no Tg detected by RIA). Surprisingly, 5% of TgAb+ HY patients also had no Tg detected by IMA or MS. The inverse log TgAb/log Tg correlations seen for the TgAb+ HY patient group with all methods suggested the presence of a TgAb-associated serum Tg-lowering effect.

Conclusion

(i) Between-method Tg variability necessitates method continuity when monitoring the Tg trends of TgAb− DTC patients. (ii) The presence and concentration of TgAb appeared to have a lowering effect on serum Tg measured by all methodologies (IMA, MS, and RIA). (iii) Since the reliability of Tg measured in the presence of TgAb is often uncertain, the TgAb trend (measured by the same method) may be a useful surrogate DTC tumor marker.
Single-Stage Endoscopic Repair of Pediatric Basal Encephalocele: A Comprehensive Multimedia Case Report
Authors: Valencia-Sanchez Bastien A. , Levy Michael , Patel Vijay A.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Basal encephaloceles are the result of a concomitant cranial and dural defect that allows for inferior displacement of cerebral tissue, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid into the paranasal sinuses and outside the cranial vault. This work illustrates a step-by-step surgical approach of a successful single-stage, endoscopic repair of a congenital basal encephalocele in a 10-year-old child, using a free mucosal middle turbinate graft that provided effective results without utilization of traditional open reconstructive techniques or vascularized flaps.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A previously healthy 10-year-old male with a history of unilateral clear rhinorrhea was admitted as an inpatient because of an acute episode of nausea, vomiting, and confusion, accompanied by fever, diplopia, and bilateral abducens nerve palsies. Preoperative imaging revealed a 2-cm right-sided intranasal mass accompanied by a subcentimeter skull base defect spanning the lateral lamella. After completing a course of intravenous antibiotic therapy for 1 week after a negative lumbar puncture to ensure clearance of intracranial infection, the decision was made to proceed with definitive endoscopic skull base repair to obviate recurrent bacterial meningitis episodes and potential neurological complications.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates technical feasibility of a single-stage endoscopic endonasal approach for pediatric basal encephalocele resection and repair which minimizes craniofacial morbidity associated with traditional open approaches and sinonasal morbidity associated with local pedicle-based flaps for small cranial base defects in this unique patient population.
Advancing data honesty in experimental biology
Authors: Dubiner Shahar , Arbel-Groissman Matan
Published: April 2024

The ease with which scientific data, particularly certain types of raw data in experimental biology, can be fabricated without trace begs urgent attention. This is thought to be a widespread problem across the academic world, where published results are the major currency, incentivizing publication of (usually positive) results at the cost of lax scientific rigor and even fraudulent data. Although solutions to improve data sharing and methodological transparency are increasingly being implemented, the inability to detect dishonesty within raw data remains an inherent flaw in the way in which we judge research. We therefore propose that one solution would be the development of a non-modifiable raw data format that could be published alongside scientific results; a format that would enable data authentication from the earliest stages of experimental data collection. A further extension of this tool could allow changes to the initial original version to be tracked, so every reviewer and reader could follow the logical footsteps of the author and detect unintentional errors or intentional manipulations of the data. Were such a tool to be developed, we would not advocate its use as a prerequisite for journal submission; rather, we envisage that authors would be given the option to provide such authentication. Only authors who did not manipulate or fabricate their data can provide the original data without risking discovery, so the mere choice to do so already increases their credibility (much like ‘honest signaling’ in animals). We strongly believe that such a tool would enhance data honesty and encourage more reliable science.
Temporal Variability in Stride Kinematics during the Application of TENS: A Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: DANESHGAR SAJJAD , HOITZ FABIAN , ENOKA ROGER M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The purpose of our report was to use a Random Forest classification approach to predict the association between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and walking kinematics at the stride level when middle-aged and older adults performed the 6-min test of walking endurance.

Methods

Data from 41 participants (aged 64.6 ± 9.7 yr) acquired in two previously published studies were analyzed with a Random Forest algorithm that focused on upper and lower limb, lumbar, and trunk kinematics. The four most predictive kinematic features were identified and utilized in separate models to distinguish between three walking conditions: burst TENS, continuous TENS, and control. SHAP analysis and linear mixed models were used to characterize the differences among these conditions.

Results

Modulation of four key kinematic features—toe-out angle, toe-off angle, and lumbar range of motion (ROM) in coronal and sagittal planes—accurately predicted walking conditions for the burst (82% accuracy) and continuous (77% accuracy) TENS conditions compared with control. Linear mixed models detected a significant difference in lumbar sagittal ROM between the TENS conditions. SHAP analysis revealed that burst TENS was positively associated with greater lumbar coronal ROM, smaller toe-off angle, and less lumbar sagittal ROM. Conversely, continuous TENS was associated with less lumbar coronal ROM and greater lumbar sagittal ROM.

Conclusions

Our approach identified four kinematic features at the stride level that could distinguish between the three walking conditions. These distinctions were not evident in average values across strides.
On Binscatter
Authors: Cattaneo Matias D. , Crump Richard K. , Farrell Max H. , Feng Yingjie
Published: April 2024

Binscatter is a popular method for visualizing bivariate relationships and conducting informal specification testing. We study the properties of this method formally and develop enhanced visualization and econometric binscatter tools. These include estimating conditional means with optimal binning and quantifying uncertainty. We also highlight a methodological problem related to covariate adjustment that can yield incorrect conclusions. We revisit two applications using our methodology and find substantially different results relative to those obtained using prior informal binscatter methods. General purpose software in Python, R, and Stata is provided. Our technical work is of independent interest for the nonparametric partition-based estimation literature. (JEL C13, C14, C18, C51, O31, R32)
The Potential Appraisal of the Industrial Park Development Based on the JSC “Plastic”
Authors: Vinichenko A.
Published: April 2024

The tendencies of the industrial park creation based on the Russian chemical enterprises are explored in the article, the potential resident basic requirements to the new manufacturing location are determined. The multiyear experience of the industrial park making in the JSC “Plastic” territory is summarized: from the engineering infrastructure modernization to the participation in the federal project “Proffessionalitet”.
Global and Russian Engineering Services Market. Engineering in the Chemical Industry
Authors: Shevarin P.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the state and prospects of development of the global and Russian engineering market. The volumes, average annual growth rates, and geographical segmentation of the global engineering services market are determined. The regions of the world with the highest growth rates have been identified. The shares of the main industries in the global engineering services market have been determined. Companies in the global engineering services market are characterized. The role, state and development of engineering in the Russian chemical industry are characterized.
Proporcionalidad y razonabilidad de Wednesbury: un acercamiento comparado al control de la discrecionalidad administrativa
Authors: Rojas Villamil Héctor David
Published: April 2024

El escrito aplica un método de análisis de derecho comparado en el que se presentan los modelos de la razonabilidad y la proporcionalidad en su dimensión teórica y justificativa. El trabajo también emplea un análisis interpretativo que tiene por objeto mostrar cómo las tensiones entre estas aproximaciones pueden evidenciar rasgos propios del control de la decisión discrecional de la administración en el contexto colombiano. El texto se divide en las siguientes secciones: i) en primer lugar, se presenta una discusión sobre el balance axiológico al que da lugar el control judicial al poner en tensión la deferencia hacia la administración y la necesidad de imponer límites al ejecutivo en el ejercicio de sus facultades discrecionales; ii) la segunda sección explica cuáles son los principios que rigen el control de los méritos sustanciales de la decisión administrativa en el sistema del common law, con énfasis en el test de razonabilidad de Wednesbury; iii) la tercera sección da cuenta de la tensión que ha surgido en el Reino Unido sobre la posibilidad de aplicar un criterio menos deferente para controlar la administración por medio del test de proporcionalidad, particularmente por la influencia del derecho comunitario europeo; y iv) finalmente, de las discusiones planteadas se identificarán cuáles son las posturas subyacentes a cada método en lo referente a la limitación de los jueces en el control sobre la administración para evaluar las implicaciones para el sistema colombiano.
La inocuidad de la bicefalia constitucional de los órganos principales de la administración pública nacional
Authors: Restrepo Medina Manuel Alberto
Published: April 2024

El presente capítulo pretende demostrar que, a partir de la reforma contenida en el Acto Legislativo 1 de 2007, la existencia de los departamentos administrativos al lado de los ministerios como órganos principales de la administración pública nacional ha dejado de estar justificada y se ha tornado en inocua, por lo cual aquellos que aún subsisten deberían transformarse en ministerios y unificar en una única tipología las entidades que conforman el gobierno.
Los desafíos del govtech y la contratación pública para la innovación en Colombia
Authors: Valencia Tello Diana Carolina
Published: April 2024

En este contexto, el presente capítulo busca analizar primero qué son los ecosistemas govtech, para después estudiar una de las principales herramientas para la consolidación de estos ecosistemas, la contratación pública para la innovación (CPI), pues este tipo de contratación vincula al sector público y privado en innovadores desarrollos tecnológicos ajustados a las necesidades de los ciudadanos y las entidades públicas. Posteriormente, para efectos de analizar el caso colombiano, será evaluado el sistema de compra pública y la CPI en Colombia. Finalizaremos con algunas conclusiones y propuesta para la mejora de la CPI en el país.
Autorizaciones y procesos administrativos ambientales
Authors: Amparo Rodríguez Gloria
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo busca presentar de manera descriptiva los principales procedimientos administrativos ambientales y se efectúa en el marco del proyecto de investigación “Seguimiento a la actividad legislativa y avances del derecho ambiental de Colombia”, cuyo objetivo es establecer el alcance de las normas expedidas en materia ambiental y sectorial, con efectos directos en los recursos naturales, así como identificar posibles amenazas y oportunidades. El texto se encuentra dividido en cinco partes: en primer lugar, se hace una referencia a los antecedentes jurídicos fundamentales, para tener en cuenta en relación con las autorizaciones ambientales; en segunda medida, se definen las licencias ambientales; en tercer lugar, se hace referencia a algunos de los permisos ambientales (que autorizan el uso de los recursos naturales) y las normas que los regulan; en cuarto lugar, se aborda la importancia de la participación en los procedimientos administrativos ambientales; y, en la quinta parte, nos ocupamos de los procesos sancionatorios ambientales. En la parte final, se efectúan algunas conclusiones sobre esta temática.
Construcción de una estatalidad contrainsurgente en el sur del Tolima durante el siglo XXI
Authors: Padilla Quintero Santiago Andrés , Uribe Sarmiento John Jairo
Published: April 2024

A continuación, se expone la estructura conceptual de las políticas, la disposición institucional, el panorama de los programas implementados. Luego, se analizan las tensiones que emergen en el sur del Tolima a partir de la revisión de prensa y de testimonios obtenidos en el marco del proyecto “Escuela, territorio y posconflicto”. Dicho proyecto fortaleció el acercamiento a organizaciones y líderes1 a partir de un proceso de investigación participativo. En este capítulo se presentan elementos clave del contexto en el que las comunidades enfrentan la construcción de sus propuestas y perspectivas de paz.
Mujeres indígenas, justicia y paz territorial
Authors: Rivera Revelo Laura Yaneth
Published: April 2024

En un primer momento, se abordará descriptivamente cómo se ha venido incorporando la centralidad de los derechos de las víctimas en la normatividad derivada del Acuerdo Final de Paz, concretamente en el componente de justicia de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (jep) del Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición (sivjrnr). En el segundo apartado, se indaga sobre cómo se refleja esta centralidad de los derechos de las víctimas y la incorporación del enfoque étnico-territorial a través de la acreditación del pueblo awá y su territorio ancestral como víctima en calidad de sujeto colectivo de derechos en el Caso 2 abierto por la jep (Auto srvbit, 2019). Finalmente, se visibilizará cómo la persistencia de la violencia y las desigualdades estructurales en el territorio indígena awá generan barreras específicas que en la práctica limitan la centralidad, la participación plena y la garantía de los derechos de las víctimas acreditadas en la jep en tanto sujeto colectivo de derechos, lo cual además restringe las iniciativas de paz y reconstrucción del tejido social comunitario indígena.
Don’t Hurry, Be Happy! The Bright Side of Late Product Release
Authors: Harutyunyan Mushegh , Narasimhan Chakravarthi
Published: April 2024

When a firm releases its product later than its competitor, the firm loses sales because many consumers prefer to buy the competitor’s product rather than wait for the firm’s product release. Therefore, in the absence of any late-mover advantages, conventional wisdom suggests that competing firms will release their products as soon as possible to avoid losing customers if they were to enter later. However, when the market evolves over time and consumers are forward-looking, we demonstrate that this intuition fails and propose a new explanation for why a firm may strategically release its product later than its competitor. Namely, a firm’s late entry can help alleviate price competition due to some consumers’ decisions to wait for the firm’s product release instead of buying a currently available product. We show that in markets where the growth rate is sufficiently high and differentiation between firms is not too low, the firm’s profit gain from alleviated price competition dominates its profit loss from reduced sales, making the firm better off by releasing its product later than the competitor. Surprisingly, when the fraction of consumers who enter the market relatively early increases, the firm may have even greater incentives to release its product late. Finally, we consider markets where firms are differentiated both horizontally and vertically, with one firm having a higher quality (or stronger brand image) than its competitor. We find that high level of vertical differentiation will induce both high- and low-quality firms to rush to the market, releasing their products in the early period. However, when vertical differentiation is moderately high, the high-quality firm may choose to release late, whereas the low-quality firm will prefer to release its product early.

History: Anthony Dukes served as the senior editor for this article.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2023.0393 .
Mapping the Evolution of Nutrition Education: A Scientometric Review from 1970 to 2023, Unveiling Insights Over Half a Century
Authors: Nor Norazmir Md , Noor Mohd Iqbal Mohd , Halim Zulkifli , Manaf Mohd Haidzir Abd , Bukry Saiful Adli , Asmawi Ummi Mohlisi Mohd
Published: April 2024

This scientometric review aims to systematically analyse and document the development and transformation of nutrition education research over more than fifty years. The study seeks to identify key themes, trends, and shifts in the field, offering a comprehensive overview of its historical trajectory and current state. A thorough visual analysis of the Web of Science Core Collection literature, including publication, institution, country/region, author, journal, keywords, and reference in nutrition education from 1970 to 2023, was carried out using Citespace 5.8.R1 (64-bit). The study employs advanced data mining techniques and network analysis to identify citation bursts, major research themes, and influential works in the field. The analysis reveals several significant trends and shifts in nutrition education research. Key themes such as obesity, nutrition literacy, evidence-based strategies, and localised interventions emerged as focal points of academic discourse. The study noted increasing citation bursts related to these themes, indicating a field responsive to emerging health challenges and societal needs. The research landscape evolved from foundational principles in the early years to an era of interdisciplinary approaches and the integration of advanced technologies. The review concludes that nutrition education research has undergone substantial growth and transformation over the past fifty years. It has evolved to address complex nutritional challenges through informed, evidence-based strategies, reflecting its adaptability and responsiveness to changing public health concerns and scientific evidence. This scientometric review maps the field's historical development. It serves as a guidepost for future research directions, underscoring the ongoing importance of nutrition education in enhancing global health and well-being.
Bioactive Compounds and Nutritive Composition of Waste Seeds from Nicotiana tobacum L. (Solanaceae)
Authors: Stoyanova Liliya Stoyanova , Romova Maria Yordanova Angelova-
Published: April 2024

The investigation aims to elucidate the bioactive constituents present in waste seeds derived from Nicotiana tobacum L., there by contributing to a more holistic comprehension of the health-related implications associated with tobacco plants beyond conventional consumption concerns. Waste seeds from tobacco plants N. tobacum L. were grown during harvest 2021-2022 at the Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute (part of Bulgarian Agriculture Academy). Chemical analysis of tobacco waste seeds (TWS) encompassed the examination of primary metabolites including lipids (32.1±1.0%), proteins (29.4±1.4 %), and carbohydrates (27.6±0.5 %). Furthermore, various lipid indices (Atherogenicity, Thrombogenicity, Hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic, etc.) were computed utilizing the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from tobacco waste seeds. The results showed that TWS could be utilized with health benefits – seeds are a good resource for n-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid - 71.94±1.05 %) with good atherogenicity and thrombogenicity qualities and natural antioxidants.