bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFLEXOS NEOLIBERAIS
Authors: Vieira da Silva Francisco , Batista de Morais Edvânia
Published: November 2022

O artigo analisa coleções didáticas de Projeto de Vida, com o intuito de investigar como os discursos sobre o trabalho presentes nesses materiais didáticos articulam-se com a racionalidade neoliberal, a qual matizou todo o processo de reconfiguração curricular por que passou o ensino médio brasileiro nos últimos anos, notadamente no que se refere ao Novo Ensino Médio (NEM) e à Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). O aparato teórico ancora-se, especialmente, nas teorizações de Michel Foucault em torno do discurso, do enunciado e nas reflexões sobre o neoliberalismo. O corpus é formado por enunciados extraídos de três coleções didáticas de Projeto de Vida, aprovadas no Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD), edição de 2021. A partir da análise, foi possível constatar que os discursos produzidos estão alinhados à racionalidade neoliberal, pois defendem valores relativos à flexibilidade, resiliência e concorrência.
A grading method for analyzing internal erosion processes of nano-silica improved sand
Authors: Cheng Mayao , Zeng Yang , Chen Linsheng , Yang Hong
Published: November 2022

Internal erosion (IE) often occurs in poor graded sand, one of the traditional treatments is reducing the permeability by grouting. Today, nano-silica becomes a choice of grouting materials as its low viscosity and good penetration capacity. According to present literature, the effect of decreasing loss mass during IE  after the improvement of nano-silica was rarely studied. One of the important reasons is that, mass loss during IE was previously focused and was weighed after filtering the effluent by electronic balance, more accurate weighing method should be studied after adding nano-silica which cannot be precisely weighed by electronic balance. In this paper, a new grading method is conducted to monitoring the particle size distribution in the effluent and illustrate the process of IE. Erosion time and permeability are also recorded and analyzed as comparison. The experimental results show that the grading method can monitor precisely the mass loss and the composition of the effluent, grading range of 1-1000 can be adopted to monitor the coagulation of silica gel particles (1-50 , average diameter 11±5 ) and fine sand particles (50-100 , average diameter 65±7 ), grading range of 1-1000 can be adopted to monitor the smaller coagulation of silica gel particles (concentrated in the range of 1-250 nm). Through grading method, the IE of nano-silica improved sand can be divided into three stages: Removal and release of unbonded nano-silica particles and unbonded fine particles; Movement and discharge of bonded particles; Expansion of pores and instability of the whole sample skeleton.
Prov 8:22ff in Early Christian Statements on the Relation of Origin of the Son from the Father: The Case of Justin, Athenagoras, and Theophilus
Authors: Dudzik Pavel
Published: November 2022

The article analyses the quotes of Prov 8:22–25 and references to this passage in three early Christian theologians of the 2nd century, Justin Martyr, Athenagoras of Athens, and Theophilus of Antioch. It examines the way how the three authors employ the present Biblical passage in their expositions concerning the relation of origin of the Son of God (Word and Wisdom) from God the Father. It argues for Prov 8:22 as a witness of the pre-existence of the Word–Wisdom and of the Word as the ‘Beginning’ of all creation, and it attempts to find hints at Prov 8:25 in the statements in which the three Christian authors employ the verb ‘to beget’ (γεννᾶν) and the noun ‘offspring’ (γέννημα) as the terms for coming forth of the second divine person.
Virtue Ethics in Medical Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sládek Karel
Published: November 2022

The article aims to reflect the medical virtue ethics as applied to situations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of processing uses deduction, by which the article points out the use of the generally defined cardinal and theological virtues in terms of specific attitudes and concrete situations. The practical output of the article is the usability of these reflections in the prevention and therapy of stress, including burnout syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder. Stress was a reaction commonly experienced often and in various degrees during the new and unforeseen conditions of the pandemic. The article emphasises the importance of virtue ethics as a part of contemporary bioethics.
Economic Crisis and Personal Financing in Nigeria
Authors: Akinyede Oyinlola Morounfoluwa , Ayodele Thomas Duro , Lasupo Sunday Festus
Published: November 2022

The study was carried out to find out the relationship between economic crisis and personal financing among Nigerian workers. The research work made use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and secondary data sourced from the Central Bank Annual Reports and Bureau of Statistics. Multivariate analysis was applied to determine the relationship between Economic crisis (proxied by inflation, exchange rate, unemployment and cost of living) and personal financing (proxied by spending, tax, savings and investment). Results from the analysis showed a significant positive relationship between economic crisis and personal savings of Nigerian workers. The results showed further that both workers' personal spending and taxes have a positive relationship with the economic crisis in Nigeria, and their relationships are statistically significant at a 5% significance level. It means all the proxied economic crisis variables jointly affect Nigerian workers' personal savings, spending and personal taxes. However, economic crisis had no significant effect on the investment of Nigerian workers. Economic crisis does not influence how Nigerian workers invest their meagre income. Therefore, the economic drivers (governments) are advised to pay more attention to tackling the problems of the high exchange rate, inflation rate, and unemployment rate bedeviling the country to reduce the overall cost of living in Nigeria.
Characterizations of the group invertibility of a matrix revisited
Authors: Tian Yongge
Published: November 2022

A square complex matrix

A

A

is said to be group invertible if there exists a matrix

X

X

such that

A
X
A
=
A

AXA=A

,

X
A
X
=
X

XAX=X

, and

A
X
=
X
A

AX=XA

hold, and such a matrix

X

X

is called the group inverse of

A

A

. The group invertibility of a matrix is one of the fundamental concepts in the theory of generalized inverses, while group inverses of matrices have many essential applications in matrix theory and other disciplines. The purpose of this article is to reconsider the characterization problem of the group invertibility of a matrix, as well as the constructions of various algebraic equalities in relation to group invertible matrices. The coverage includes collecting and establishing a family of existing and new necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix to be group invertible and giving many algebraic matrix equalities that involve Moore-Penrose inverses and group inverses of matrices through the skillful use of a series of highly selective formulas and facts about ranks, ranges, and generalized inverses of matrices, as well as block matrix operations.
Vacuum instruments and securing the performance interest
Authors: Bos Tiddo
Published: November 2022

The question as to whether the buyer of immovable property should still be able to receive the ownership of the property in case the seller goes bankrupt prior to conveyance, has sparked academic debate in many jurisdictions. In the context of immovable property, many scholars feel it is justified to provide additional protective measures in favour of the buyer and hence provide buyers with some sort of proprietary interest, prior to conveyance. But exactly which circumstances justify these protective measures under current law? And what is the most desirable way to protect the buyer in terms of scope of application and effect? This article will answer these questions on the basis of a newly-developed theoretical framework.
The Country Wife, Southall Style: Restoration Comedy and the Multicultural Gaze
Authors: Soncini Sara
Published: November 2022

First performed at Watford Palace Theatre in 2004, Tanika Gupta’s version of William Wycherley’s The Country Wife (1675) relocates the Restoration classic to twenty-first-century London, reframing its libertine plot as a witty satire on sexual and gender mores in contemporary Britain. In this new setting, Wycherley’s comic masterpiece is revisited from a multicultural perspective, and his merciless exposure of social hypocrisies becomes infused with the adaptor’s keen awareness of diversity and its complexities. This article draws attention to Gupta’s play as a culturally significant intervention in the reception history of Restoration theatre culture. By opening up Wycherley’s comedy to the representation of Britain’s “new ethnicities,” I suggest, Gupta’s work has paved the way for the more inclusive, multiculturally conscious approach to the Restoration canon that is observable in the new spate of revivals and adaptations produced during the last decade or so.
Integrative medicine approaches to chronic depression: case studies of the recovery process with a three-step path to recovery and significant cure
Authors: Itamura Ronko
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The support provided by conventional treatments centered on the administration of medication for chronic or other types of depression is limited. Integrative medicine, which is based on both modern Western medicine and a range of complementary and alternative medicine practices, is patient-centered and promotes natural healing in patients to achieve significant cure. This report focuses on the indications of recovery from depression using integrative medicine, especially homeopathy.

Methods

Thirty-one patients (9 males and 22 females) with depression underwent homeopathic treatment using various strategies over 3 months, in addition to antidepressants. All patients were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorders, except bipolar disorders. Three steps were used to model indications of their recovery from depression: reducing difficulties in everyday life, reducing and stopping antidepressants, and reducing and stopping the homeopathic remedies. Patients were considered to have recovered when antidepressants had been stopped for 6 months or more and 3 or more months had passed since homeopathic medicines were stopped.

Results

Of the 31 patients with depression, 13 recovered within 2 years of starting homeopathic treatment, and 11 completely recovered from chronic depression.

Conclusions

This study suggests that integrative medicine can be a useful strategy for depression, including the use of a three-step strategy for reducing all dependence on clinical treatment. As most patients, especially chronic patients, significantly recovered from depression through homeopathy over 2 years, this model can help understand recovery from depression through integrative medicine.
Modification and context
Authors: Velasco Daniel García
Published: November 2022

Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) assumes a strict separation between representational and interpersonal meaning, which are captured in independent levels within the grammar, and utterance meaning, which arises in contexts of language use. This article argues that this division of labour is problematic for the treatment of modifiers in the noun phrase (non-subsective adjectives in particular), which induce semantic changes in the designation of the noun they modify. It is further claimed that the view of semantics in the model should pivot around a weak interpretation of the notion of compositionality, which allows the modulation of linguistic meaning in context in the dynamic construction of term structures. This is shown to be compatible with the basic tenets of functional linguistics that FDG endorses and very much in line with the contextualist tradition that treats linguistic expressions as propositionally underspecified units which can be truth-conditionally enriched in actual use. The article shows that only minor modifications are necessary in the model, which basically amount to increasing the functional role of the Contextualizer.
VV. AA. (2022). "Mujeres imprescindibles. Educadoras en la vanguardia del siglo XX". Pontevedra: Kalandraka Editora. ISBN: 978-84-1343-140-6. ISBN: 978-84-1343-139-0 (edición en gallego)
Authors: Porto Ucha Ángel Serafín
Published: November 2022

Reseña del libro de varios autores Mujeres imprescindibles. Educadoras en la vanguardia del siglo XX, publicado en 2022 por Kalandraka Editora de Pontevedra, en español y en gallego, bajo coordinación del profesor Antón Costa Rico y de la editora Manuela Rodríguez. Diferentes especialistas analizan las figuras de Rosa Sensat, María Barbeito, María de Maeztu, Mª Luisa Navarro, María Sánchez Arbós, Justa Freire, Elbira Zipitria, Marta Mata y Carme Miquel.
Implementation of health promotion in prenatal care at a public health service in Brazil
Authors: Meneses e Silva Joao Marcos de , dos Santos Luciana Carla Belem , Filgueiras Neto Misael Jose , Melo e Silva Ligia Helena Ferreira , Cruz Willy Viana , de Quadros Marcia Veronica Caldeira
Published: November 2022

Prenatal care is the assistance to women throughout pregnancy, birth and puerperium which is an important tool of primary care in the prevention of maternal and child injuries. Prenatal care programs must be horizontal and multidisciplinar according to Ministry of Health's protocols in order to achieve improvements in maternal and child morbidity and mortality indicators. This study is an original interventional project that occurred at a public primary care service in a town of Bahia, Brazil. It was noted some aspects that could be adapted to the Ministry of Health protocols such as shared appointments based on scientific evidence, introduction of prenatal dental care and education actions carried out in a multidisciplinary way. All strategies were implemented in the prenatal care using very low cost tools such as conversation wheels and physical activity schedule. Conversation wheels between pregnant women and caregivers are included in the health humanization policy in Brazil. They are strategies for permanent education in health. Conversation wheels aimed to valorize pregnant women and their life experience in order to build an environment rich in learning and approached them to the health service. The encouragement of physical activity promotes well-being, a sense of belonging and improvements in risk factors for prevalent diseases during pregnancy. Continuing education promotes autonomy's pregnant women. Finally, the involvement of primary care professionals who address different aspects of health promotes co-responsibility and commitment to the adequacy of services offered to the population. The integration of health prevention and promotion actions should be seen as a stimulus to build relationships of trust and bond between users, managers and health professionals. Thus, the implementation of primary care actions during pregnancy expands the woman's connection with the health service at this stage of life and can contribute to better maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Determinantes socioeconómicos del consumo en los estratos más altos de Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández Chanto Allan
Published: November 2022

La literatura económica sobre los determinantes del ingreso y el consumo ha estado orientada primordialmente a la medición de la pobreza, por lo que se insiste poco en cuáles son las capacidades y potencialidades que ostentan los individuos en los estratos sociales más altos. A partir de la Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos 2004, recogida por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de Costa Rica, se realiza un análisis de regresión logit ordenado del consumo de los hogares, sobre potenciales variables explicativas. Los resultados muestran que la educación es un factor importante para no ocuparse en los estratos más bajos de la distribución, pero no garantiza ubicarse en la clase rica; que la concentración de la riqueza se da en la zona urbana de la Región Central, y que la estructura del ingreso de las familias más ricas está determinado fuertemente por un componente de renta.
Industria y energía petróleo y economía costarricense
Authors: Muñoz Erlend , Palma Carlos , Ulate Fernán
Published: November 2022

El estudio introduce un resumen de la situación actual y futura del mercado mundial de petróleo para posteriormente discutir la necesidad y las posibilidades reales de producir insumos sustitutos del hidrocarburo. Seguidamente y con el fin de medir la sensibilidad de la economía costarricense ante cambios en los precios del petróleo, se estiman y analizan funciones de demanda de petróleo, cuyos resultados empíricos apoyan la tesis de que la inelasticidad precio de la demanda estimada, implica que un aumento en el gasto por importaciones es siempre positivo y muy alto ante aumentos en los precios del petróleo. Se concluye que se debe replantear seriamente la idea, de que en ciertas circunstancias, y en momentos específicos, algunas materias primas resultan ser tan importantes o más importantes que la tecnología.
La crisis económica actual: una visión desde la economía política
Authors: Reuben Soto Sergio
Published: November 2022

El artículo critica la perspectiva que distintas corrientes de la economía convencional han venido levantando de la crisis económica actual, aduciendo que la explicación del origen del valor que comparten no les permite observar el conflicto que está a la base de esta situación. Propone una explicación basada en la tendencia a la concentración y centralización del capital y su efecto en la distribución del ingreso, que constituye estructuras de consumo y producción desequilibradas, alejadas del debido y cabal uso de los recursos comunes escasos. Estas estructuras determinan a mediano o largo plazo, rupturas en el proceso de acumulación de capital que desencadenan crisis como la actual. Para explicar el aumento de la concentración y centralización del capital y de la brecha social en los últimos años, utiliza la teoría de la regulación, que lo concibe como el resultado de la crisis del régimen de acumulación fordista y el surgimiento de un nuevo régimen transnacional global.
¿Hay un papel para la gestión del potencial humano en el servicio público costarricense?
Authors: Redondo Gómez Eugenio
Published: November 2022

Este ensayo insiste en la necesidad de adoptar una estrategia de servicio al cliente que, desde un punto de vista fiscal, se convierte en una estrategia de servicio al obligado tributario, como un medio para minimizar el bache existente entre las instituciones gubernamentales costarricenses y la sociedad civil, todo ello bajo el supuesto de que, al ser los impuestos un tipo de obligación tributaria, el contribuyente (de dichos impuestos) se convierte en un obligado tributario. En caso de adoptarse tal estrategia, el autor aboga por la adopción de cambios en el Régimen de Servicio Civil existente en Costa Rica, dado que el factor humano en la calidad de los servicios es indispensable.
¿Es posible la creación de empresas de base tecnológica, en Costa Rica? Un análisis desde el enfoque de la Tercera Misión
Authors: Cordero Mata Oscar
Published: November 2022

Durante los siglos XX y XXI Costa Rica ha alcanzado un desarrollo económico y social importante, pero ¿serán suficientes éstos logros para enfrentar el actual entorno económico mundial? ¿existen las condiciones y las capacidades para la innovación? Costa Rica tiene notas satisfactorias respecto al desarrollo económico, humano e institucional; no obstante, en cuanto a la infraestructura productiva, científica y tecnológica, los resultados no son los más favorables al desarrollo tecnológico y a la innovación. La investigación científica y tecnológica y la ¿innovación? en Costa Rica tienen un importante componente público y trasnacional.
La relación ciencia, tecnología y desarrollo en las políticas públicas del gobierno de Nicaragua
Authors: Vanegas Avilés Luz Marina
Published: November 2022

El artículo busca analizar la presencia de la relación existente entre ciencia, tecnología y desarrollo en las políticas del gobierno de Nicaragua para el logro del desarrollo humano de dicha nación. A lo largo del texto, se realiza un recorrido por los principales aspectos que permiten entender esta relación y las implicaciones que estos tres temas representan para la obtención de ese desarrollo.
Desarrollo del parque industrial en el gran puntarenas: Un análisis de ventajas competitivas y de clima empresarial para las inversiones industriales en el territorio
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Villalta Mena Yeimy
Published: November 2022

Puerto Caldera se convertirá en muy corto plazo en uno de los principales ejes de desarrollo del país, lo cual significará enormes oportunidades de crecimiento económico y una mayor demanda de empleo para lo que hemos denominado el Gran Puntarenas. Las expectativas de crecimiento prevén el desarrollo de actividades industriales que se localizarán en el área de estudio con las implicaciones que esto tiene sobre la demanda intersectorial de recursos, infraestructura y mano de obra. Los crecientes niveles de actividad económica que se proyectan en la región promoverán la creación de parques industriales y, consecuentemente, de distritos industriales con economías de aglomeración especializadas. El desarrollo del sector industrial en la región también demandará mejoras en la infraestructura y en la dotación de servicios básicos, como también de una mano de obra más calificada.
Santa Cruz de Guanacaste: cultura local, turismo y globalización
Authors: Morales Zúñiga Luis Carlos
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the relationship between local culture of the canton of Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, and the development of tourism in the canton. In a first section explores the origin and development of popular culture in the canton, linking it to traditional farming activities, then describes the deployment of tourism in Santa Cruz, in order to analyze the popular culture of the canton in a framework of productive activities ranging from farming to tourism, in a context of economic and cultural globalization.
Comparación metodológica de encuestas vía telefonía fija y celular en Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro Córdoba Marcela , Villarreal Galera María Paula , Navarro Cerdas Gustavo
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio en el que se compara la metodología de trabajo con entrevistas a teléfono celular y teléfono fijo. Los hallazgos del estudio serán útiles para decidir la conveniencia de emplear en futuras encuestas cualquiera de los dos medios o una combinación de ambos. El estudio destaca que no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto al tiempo requerido para realizar una entrevista en uno u otro medio, pero sí en relación con su costo. Además, el análisis de la disponibilidad de entrevistados no generó grandes diferencias entre los medios y concluyó que la mayor disponibilidad de las personas es entre semana, en las noches y los sábados en la tarde. El estudio logra definir las diferencias en el perfil sociodemográfico de los usuarios de ambas tecnologías, así como señalar problemas en comunicación, tasas de rellamadas, no respuesta, intereses y preferencias entre los usuarios de ambas tecnologías.
Percepción sobre el pejibaye y la aceptación de un snack funcional a base de pejibaye (bactris gasipaes kunth) por consumidoras costarricenses
Authors: Ivankovich-Guillén Carmen Isabel , Flores-Del Valle Wilfredo , Araya-Quesada Yorleny
Published: November 2022

Con el objetivo de evaluar la percepción sobre el pejibaye así como determinar la aceptación de un "snack" tipo tortilla frita, elaborado con 50% de harina de pejibaye y 50% de harina de maíz, se realizó una encuesta y degustación del producto a 163 mujeres del área metropolitana costarricense, con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 76 años. En lo referente a la percepción del pejibaye, el 84,6% de las encuestadas lo asocia como beneficioso para la salud, esto unido a que el snack tiene una alta aceptación, 8,99 de agrado en una escala de 10 puntos, lo constituye en un producto con alto potencial de mercado. Por edad se encontró diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) en la apariencia, color, olor y sabor del "snack" en el grupo menor de cuarenta años y el de mayor edad. Las jóvenes califican más bajo el producto en los atributos mencionados. Para la comercialización del "snack" en importante declarar el contenido de calorías pues un 9,8% tiene la creencia de que el pejibaye engorda.
Alianzas estratégicas: ¿Adquisición o acceso al conocimiento?
Authors: Abarca Hernández Oriester
Published: November 2022

En años recientes, las alianzas estratégicas han llamado considerablemente la atención del campo estratégico. Una alianza estratégica puede ser vista como un término medio entre el mercado y la organización jerárquica. Este artículo examina la teoría de acceso al conocimiento de Grant y Baden-Fuller, quienes argumentan que el desarrollo de una efectiva teoría basada en el conocimiento de la formación de las alianzas se ha visto inhibida por una visión simplista de ellas como medios para el aprendizaje organizacional; sin embargo, la principal ventaja de las alianzas sobre las firmas y los mercados es el acceso más que la adquisición de conocimiento.
Focus groups: técnica de investigación cualitativa en investigación de mercados
Authors: Ivankovich-Guillén Carmen Isabel , Araya-Quesada Yorleny
Published: November 2022

Los focus groups son utilizados en investigación de mercados como una herramienta de investigación cualitativa, por la posibilidad de interactuar con el grupo meta objeto de estudio, por lo que se puede conocer y entender de manera profunda las actitudes, necesidades, intereses y motivaciones de los participantes. Los focus groups siguen el desarrollo riguroso de las etapas de investigación, que inician con el planteamiento del problema, y concluyen con la presentación oral y escrita de la investigación.
Turismo aventura en Costa Rica e influencia de los factores socio-demográficos, motivos y condición de viaje del turista internacional en el número de actividades realizadas
Authors: Villalobos-Céspedes Daniel , Tolón-Becerra Alfredo , Galdeano-Gómez Emilio
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación busca conocer y evaluar el tipo y número de actividades de turismo aventura que el turista está dispuesto a realizar en Costa Rica. La información analizada proviene de la Encuesta Aérea a Turistas Internacionales no Residentes en el país, aplicada por el Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT), en el I trimestre del 2007 a turistas mayores de 18 años que salieron por el aeropuerto Juan Santamaría. Las actividades objeto de análisis son caminata por senderos, visita a volcanes, observación de flora\fauna, observación de aves y canopy. El estudio comprende dos dimensiones: 1) La probabilidad de demanda de cada una de esas actividades, según número medio de actividades realizadas. 2) Con distribución de Poisson se estima la probabilidad de que el turista realice cierto número medio de actividades de turismo aventura, dada la influencia favorable o desfavorable de los factores sociodemográficos, motivos y condición de viaje. 3) Mediante la función de probabilidad de Poisson se modela, ceteris paribus, la intención del turista en aumentar o disminuir la cantidad media de actividades de turismo aventura a realizar, según influencia de los distintos indicadores de las variables de análisis.
Encuesta sobre producción, perfil del recurso humano y necesidades de capacitación en la región Chorotega
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Sánchez Hernández Leonardo , Oviedo Carballo Luís , Torres Torrentes José Cipriano
Published: November 2022

El presente documento corresponde al informe de la Encuesta sobre producción, perfil del recurso humano y necesidades de capacitación de la mano de obra en la Región Chorotega. Esta encuesta forma parte del proyecto de investigación Competitividad territorial y mercado de trabajo en la región Chorotega, llevada a cabo por el Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica (IICE). Esta encuesta es importante para determinar las necesidades cuantitativas y cualitativas por mano de obra en la región y para informar a los tomadores de decisiones, públicos y privados, respecto a las políticas y programas necesarios de implementar para mejorar las condiciones del recurso humano en la región.
A classroom-based study on the effectiveness of lexicographic resources
Authors: Abdelzaher Esra
Published: November 2022

Machine-readable databases such as FrameNet (based on frame semantics) and WordNet (based on lexical semantic relations) appeared in the 1990s and became part of the lexicographic scene. The current study argues that FrameNet and WordNet can contribute to addressing the lexicographic challenge of sense delineation and elicit better performance from learners of English as a second language. The study examined the decoding and encoding performance of university students (n = 48) after exposure to modified lexicographic entries from FrameNet, WordNet, and the online Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. The classroom experiment assessed the accuracy of sense selection, user perplexity, and the accuracy of synonym production, and measured the response time for each question. An online survey followed the test, in order to collect further information about students’ dictionary use and evaluation of guide words and definitions. Results revealed significant intergroup differences in the response time, perplexity level, and encoding performance. Learners who consulted the modified FrameNet-based entries were the fastest and most successful among the three groups. Future studies can benefit from simplifying the name of frames in FrameNet and modifying the microstructure of the database for pedagogical purposes.
Verification of Marine Oil Spills Using Aerial Images Based on Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Favorskaya Margarita , Nishchhal Nishchhal
Published: November 2022

The article solves the problem of verifying oil spills on the water surfaces of rivers, seas and oceans using optical aerial photographs, which are obtained from cameras of unmanned aerial vehicles, based on deep learning methods. The specificity of this problem is the presence of areas visually similar to oil spills on water surfaces caused by blooms of specific algae, substances that do not cause environmental damage (for example, palm oil), or glare when shooting (so-called look-alikes). Many studies in this area are based on the analysis of synthetic aperture radars (SAR) images, which do not provide accurate classification and segmentation. Follow-up verification contributes to reducing environmental and property damage, and oil spill size monitoring is used to make further response decisions. A new approach to the verification of optical images as a binary classification problem based on the Siamese network is proposed, when a fragment of the original image is repeatedly compared with representative examples from the class of marine oil slicks. The Siamese network is based on the lightweight VGG16 network. When the threshold value of the output function is exceeded, a decision is made about the presence of an oil spill. To train the networks, we collected and labeled our own dataset from open Internet resources. A significant problem is an imbalance of classes in the dataset, which required the use of augmentation methods based not only on geometric and color manipulations, but also on the application of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Experiments have shown that the classification accuracy of oil spills and look-alikes on the test set reaches values of 0.91 and 0.834, respectively. Further, an additional problem of accurate semantic segmentation of an oil spill is solved using convolutional neural networks (CNN) of the encoder-decoder type. Three deep network architectures U-Net, SegNet, and Poly-YOLOv3 have been explored for segmentation. The Poly-YOLOv3 network demonstrated the best results, reaching an accuracy of 0.97 and an average image processing time of 385 s with the Google Colab web service. A database was also designed to store both original and verified images with problem areas.
Method and Models of Extraction of Knowledge from Medical Documents
Authors: Zulkarneev Rustem , Yusupova Nafisa , Smetanina Olga , Gayanova Maya , Vulfin Alexey
Published: November 2022

The paper analyzes the problem of extracting knowledge from clinical recommendations presented in the form of semi-structured corpora of text documents in natural language, taking into account their periodic updating. The considered methods of intellectual analysis of the accumulated arrays of medical data make it possible to automate a number of tasks aimed at improving the quality of medical care due to significant decision support in the treatment process. A brief review of well-known publications has been made, highlighting approaches to automating the construction of ontologies and knowledge graphs in the problems of semantic modeling of a problem-oriented text corpus. The structural and functional organization of the system of knowledge extraction and automatic construction of an ontology and a knowledge graph of a problem-oriented corpus for a specific subject area is presented. The main stages of knowledge extraction and dynamic updating of the knowledge graph are considered: named entity extraction, semantic annotation, term and keyword extraction, topic modeling, topic identification, and relationship extraction. The formalized representation of texts was obtained using a pre-trained BERT transformer model. The automatic selection of triplets "object" - "action" - "subject" based on part-of-speech markup of the text corpus was used to construct fragments of the knowledge graph. An experiment was carried out on a corpus of medical texts on a given topic (162 documents of depersonalized case histories of patients of a pediatric center) without preliminary markup in order to test the proposed solution for extracting triplets and constructing a knowledge graph based on them. An analysis of the experimental results confirms the need for a deeper markup of the corpus of text documents to take into account the specifics of medical text documents. For an unmarked corpus of texts, the proposed solution demonstrates satisfactory performance in view of the selection of atomic fragments included in the automatically generated ontology.
Algorithms and Measuring Complex for Classification of Seismic Signal Sources, Determination of Distance and Azimuth to the Point of Excitation of Surface Waves
Authors: Zaitsev Dmitry , Bryksin Vitaliy , Belotelov Konstantin , Kompaniets Yulia , Iakovlev Roman
Published: November 2022

Machine learning and digital signal processing methods are used in various industries, including in the analysis and classification of seismic signals from surface sources. The developed wave type analysis algorithm makes it possible to automatically identify and, accordingly, separate incoming seismic waves based on their characteristics. To distinguish the types of waves, a seismic measuring complex is used that determines the characteristics of the boundary waves of surface sources using special molecular electronic sensors of angular and linear oscillations. The results of the algorithm for processing data obtained by the method of seismic observations using spectral analysis based on the Morlet wavelet are presented. The paper also describes an algorithm for classifying signal sources, determining the distance and azimuth to the point of excitation of surface waves, considers the use of statistical characteristics and MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) parameters, as well as their joint application. At the same time, the following were used as statistical characteristics of the signal: variance, kurtosis coefficient, entropy and average value, and gradient boosting was chosen as a machine learning method; a machine learning method based on gradient boosting using statistical and MFCC parameters was used as a method for determining the distance to the signal source. The training was conducted on test data based on the selected special parameters of signals from sources of seismic excitation of surface waves. From a practical point of view, new methods of seismic observations and analysis of boundary waves make it possible to solve the problem of ensuring a dense arrangement of sensors in hard-to-reach places, eliminate the lack of knowledge in algorithms for processing data from seismic sensors of angular movements, classify and systematize sources, improve prediction accuracy, implement algorithms for locating and tracking sources. The aim of the work was to create algorithms for processing seismic data for classifying signal sources, determining the distance and azimuth to the point of excitation of surface waves.
Ultrasound reference values for peripheral nerve cross-sectional areas and indices in a sample of healthy individuals in Brazil
Authors: Voltan Glauber , Bernardes-Filho Fred , Lugão Helena Barbosa , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani
Published: November 2022

Abstract Objective: To establish peripheral nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values (absolute values, measures of asymmetry, and measures of focality) for healthy individuals in Brazil. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six healthy volunteers underwent high-resolution ultrasound of the peripheral nerves. We obtained CSA measurements for three peripheral nerves, at specific locations: the median nerve, in the carpal tunnel (MT); the ulnar nerve, at the cubital tunnel site (UT) and at the pre-tunnel site (UPT); and the common fibular nerve, near the fibular head (FH). We calculated the CSA indices between the same sites on different sides (∆CSAs) and between the ulnar nerve tunnel and pre-tunnel sites on the same side (∆TPT). Results: A total of 132 neural sites were analyzed, and the following CSA values (mean ± SD, median) were obtained: MT (6.3 ± 1.9 mm2, 6.0 mm2); UT (6.2 ± 1.6 mm2, 6.1 mm2); UPT (5.6 ± 1.7 mm2, 5.4 mm2); and FH (10.0 ± 3.7 mm2, 9.9 mm2). The ∆CSA values (mean ± SD, median) were as follows: MT (0.85 ± 0.7 mm2, 0.95); UT (0.81 ± 0.62 mm2, 0.95); UPT (0.61 ± 0.51 mm2, 0.5); and FH (1.0 ± 0.77 mm2, 1.0). The ∆TPT (mean ± SD, median) was (1.0 ± 0.8 mm2, 1.0). Conclusion: Among individuals in Brazil, peripheral nerve CSA values tend to be higher among males and to increase with aging. However, the same does not appear to hold true for the ∆CSA or the ∆TPT, the exception being the difference between the right and left UT. Differences in CSA values greater than 2.5 mm2 between sides or between sites along the same nerve can indicate asymmetry or focal thickening in neuropathy, respectively.
Person-centered practice: from idiosyncrasy of care to health innovation
Authors: Ventura Filipa , Moreira Isabel Maria Pinheiro Borges , Raposo Vitor , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina , Mendes Aida
Published: November 2022

Person-centered practice plays a significant role in the organization and management of health systems, as well as in the definition of health policies. This essay aimed to identify the ethical principles and theoretical structures of a person-centered practice, as well as the Portuguese and European national guidelines establish its regulation. A theoretical reflection was conducted based on the critical narrative review of the state of the art on person-centered practice, which aimed to answer the question: what are the structuring elements of the person-centered care practice that make it distinguished in obtaining health gains? Critical reflection contextualizes the paradigm shift to a person-centered practice and identifies the state-of-the-art domains associated with it: philosophical knowledge, theoretical frameworks for clinical practice, teaching and research, approaches to implementation, and regulation. These areas will necessarily have to be considered for a systematic and sustainable development and implementation with effective transformation into health gains.
Crise econômica e disparidades no gasto, oferta e utilização de serviços públicos e privados de saúde no Brasil no período entre 2011 e 2019
Authors: Costa Danielle Conte Alves Riani , Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima , Cardoso Artur Monte , Mattos Leonardo Vidal , Andrietta Lucas Salvador , Bahia Ligia
Published: November 2022

Buscou-se analisar as repercussões da crise econômica sobre os setores público e privado do sistema de saúde brasileiro e realizar uma análise de tendência de indicadores econômicos e assistenciais, elaborados a partir de dados secundários de fontes públicas oficiais, relacionados ao gasto, ao desempenho econômico de planos e seguros de saúde, à oferta e utilização de serviços. Os resultados demonstraram estagnação do gasto público em saúde, redução do gasto público per capita e do acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde. Contrariamente, em um contexto de queda da renda e do emprego, os planos de saúde mantiveram clientes, ampliaram as receitas, os lucros e a produção assistencial. O desempenho positivo das empresas, antes e a partir da crise, pode ser explicado pela tendência de manutenção de subsídios públicos para o setor privado e pelas estratégias empresariais financeirizadas. Conclui-se que a atuação do Estado brasileiro durante a crise aprofundou a restrição de recursos ao setor público e favoreceu a expansão dos serviços privados, o que contribuiu para aumentar a discrepância no acesso a serviços públicos e privados de saúde no país.
A prática centrada na pessoa: da idiossincrasia do cuidar à inovação em saúde
Authors: Ventura Filipa , Moreira Isabel Maria Pinheiro Borges , Raposo Vitor , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina , Mendes Aida
Published: November 2022

A prática centrada na pessoa assume um papel preponderante na organização e gestão de sistemas de saúde, bem como na definição de políticas de saúde. Este ensaio teve como objetivo identificar os princípios éticos e estruturas teóricas da prática centrada na pessoa, assim como as diretrizes portuguesas e europeias que sirvam a sua regulamentação. Foi conduzida uma reflexão teórica ancorada na revisão narrativa crítica do estado da arte sobre a prática centrada na pessoa, que visou responder à questão: quais os elementos estruturantes da prática de cuidados centrados na pessoa que a tornam diferenciadora na obtenção de ganhos em saúde? A reflexão crítica contextualiza a mudança de paradigma para a prática centrada na pessoa e identifica os domínios do estado da arte que lhe estão associados: conhecimento filosófico, referenciais teóricos para a prática clínica, ensino e investigação, abordagens para a implementação, e regulamentação. Esses domínios terão de ser necessariamente contemplados para um desenvolvimento e implementação sistemáticos e sustentáveis com efetiva tradução em ganhos em saúde.
Origin, evolution and strategies for the genetic improvement of physalis
Authors: Santos Marcio dos , Trevisani Nicole , Cerutti Paulo Henrique , Pierre Patrícia Maria Oliveira , Guidolin Altamir Frederico
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Physalisperuviana L. (physalis) has significant economic potential by virtue of the unique flavor of its fruit. However, the productivity of Brazilian plantations is low because of the limited number of varieties or cultivars available. The main obstacle in the selection of superior genotypes is the lack of information about genetic variability within- and between- populations and limited genetic basis that has likely resulted from evolutionary, domestication and selection processes of the natural or artificial populations. Physalis currently cultivated in Brazil is tetraploid, and such polyploidy may have led to the reproductive isolation of the species, preventing the occurrence of intraspecific hybridization. Moreover, cultivated populations derive from a common gene pool and have undergone a long process of domestication and selection carried out empirically by farmers. In Colombia and other Andean countries there are wild populations that exhibit genetic diversity which; although, fundamental for the conservation of the species, have low potential for the development of genotypes with superior agronomic traits. In order to create and expand the genetic variability of physalis, breeders have employed various strategies including induction of mutation, chromosome duplication, and interspecific and intraspecific hybridization. Furthermore, the production of double haploid lines from in vitro anther cultures has shown good results in the selection of hybrids. The mutant genotypes and/or hybrids obtained using these methods in association with those of wide genomic selection can generate cultivars with superior agronomic traits.
Impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid or late gestation on skeletal muscle energy metabolism of beef calves
Authors: Sanglard Letícia Maria Pereira , Marquez David Esteban Contreras , Silva Walmir , Santos Marta Maria dos , Costa Thaís Correia , Valente Junior Dante Teixeira , Gionbelli Mateus Pies , Serão Nick Vergara Lopes , Sampaio Claudia Batista , Duarte Marcio de Souza
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of maternal protein supplementation during mid or late gestation on energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle of beef calves. Sixteen pregnant cows were divided into 3 groups: CTRL (not supplemented); MID (supplemented from 30 to 180 days of gestation); and LATE (supplemented from 181 to 281 days of gestation). The supplement contained 30% crude protein. Thirty days after birth, blood and muscle samples of the calves were collected for analyses of gene expression, proteins, and metabolites. No differences (P ≥ 0.15) in birth weight, performance at weaning, or muscle expression of the genes evaluated (P ≥ 0.21) were observed. Calves born to CTRL cows had a lower ratio (P = 0.03) of p-AMPK/AMPK protein in the skeletal muscle. Calves born to MID cows had lower (P = 0.04) glucose concentration than those born to LATE cows. Changes in p-AMPK/AMPK protein, indicated a possible metabolic inflexibility in the skeletal muscle of calves born to CTRL cows. These results indicated that lack of protein supplementation in pregnant cows alter the energy metabolism of their calves and reflect in a metabolic inflexibility.