bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualisasi Naga Erau pada Hiasan Busana Pengantin Wanita Muslim
Authors: Anggraeni Dini Nur , Indarti Indarti
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses penerapan motif Naga Erau sebagai hiasan busana pengantin Muslim modern dan mengetahui hasil jadi dari penerapan motif Naga Erau pada hiasan busana pengantin Muslim modern. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan three stages design process atau tiga tahap proses desain yang meliputi problem definition and research, creative exploration, dan implementation. Tahap problem definition and research dimulai dari penentun target market dan kriteria desain, yaitu dari segi fungsi, estetika dan ekonomi. Pada tahap creative exploration meliputi menentukan inspirasi melalui moodborad, pengembangan desain, pengembangan prototipe dan evaluasi prototipe. Tahap terakhir adalah implementasi konsep desain pada bahan sebenarnya. Proses penerapan motif Naga Erau pada busana pengantin Muslim ini dimulai dari pembuatan motif Naga Erau dengan cara merengga. Outline motif naga digambar dan diwujudkan dengan teknik bordir dan sulaman payet. Hasil jadi visualisasi Naga Erau pada hiasan busana pengantin Muslim terdiri dari 2 pieces busana, yaitu long dress dan cape dengan siluet I line. Visualisasi Naga Erau pada hiasan busana pengantin yang simple ini memberikan kesan elegan. Busana pengantin telah dievaluasi  menggunakan teori prinsip desain, dan telah memenuhi beberapa prinsip antara lain kesatuan, proporsi, kesimbangan dan irama.
Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Kepedulian Siswa SMA di Kecamatan Duren Sawit dan Pulo Gadung Jakarta Timur terhadap Keamanan Makanan Jajanan
Authors: Alsuhendra Alsuhendra , Ridawati Ridawati
Published: November 2022

Salah satu kelompok konsumen yang banyak membeli makanan jajanan secara online adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) yang dikategorikan sebagai kelompok remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan kepedulian siswa SMA tentang keamanan makanan jajanan. Responden adalah 60 orang siswa SMA negeri dan swasta di Kecamatan Duren Sawit dan Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pengetahuan responden tentang keamanan makanan berkisar antara sedang (30.0%) hingga tinggi (68.3%), sedangkan sikap responden terhadap keamanan makanan dapat dinyatakan baik (88.3%). Walaupun begitu, kepedulian responden terhadap keamanan makanan perlu ditingkatkan karena masih berada pada kategori cukup (96.7%).
Producing News in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Caswell David
Published: November 2022

This article examines the growing use of AI technologies in news production. It describes how the application of AI tools fits within the ongoing digital transformation of news, and offers a simple categorisation of their practical application, with examples from the BBC and other newsrooms. It also discusses how news providers might adapt to audiences within an AI-mediated information ecosystem, and how AI-augmented news production might become more stable, relevant and sustainable than existing forms of digital news.
„Anpassungsfähig zu sein, ist unser Geschäft“
Authors: Haußmann Philipp
Published: November 2022

Ein Interview mit Philipp Haußmann, dem Vorstandssprecher des Familienunternehmens Ernst Klett AG. Er gilt als eine der bedeutenden Führungspersönlichkeiten im „Who is Who der deutschen Familienunternehmen“. Die Klett Gruppe ist ein führendes Bildungsunternehmen in Europa und international in 19 Ländern vertreten. Das Angebot umfasst klassische und moderne Bildungsmedien für den Schulalltag sowie die Unterrichtsvorbereitung, Fachliteratur und Schöne Literatur. Darüber hinaus betreibt die Klett Gruppe zahlreiche Bildungseinrichtungen von Kindertagesstätten über Schulen bis hin zu Fernschulen, Fernfach- und Präsenzhochschulen.
“Top secret. Keep in secret”. Minutes of the previously unknown commission of l. D. Trotsky for the schism of the Russian Orthodox Church (may — october 1922)
Authors: Ivanov Sergei
Published: November 2022

This publication introduces into scientific circulation a new archival source on the history of the renovationist schism in the Russian Orthodox Church — the protocols of the meetings of the commission of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) "On values" under the leadership of a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of the Republic L.D. Trotsky. The documents were identified among the protocols of other commissions in the affairs of the Revolutionary Military Council, stored in the Russian State Military Archive. The decisions of the "On Values" Commission make it possible to reasonably judge the leading role of L.D. Trotsky in the preparation and conduct of a large church schism, including the consolidation of clergy loyal to Soviet power, sending him to provocative negotiations with Patriarch Tikhon, the issue of an opposition magazine, the organization of trials against Christians, the convening of an renovationist "local council", agitation support for schismatics, etc. The activities of the commission were conspiratorial in nature and still remained unknown to historical science. Meanwhile, it was this camouflaged structure that preceded the succession of it in October 1922 and the well-studied Commission of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) on the separation of the church from the state. The texts offered to readers confirm and detail the fact of the well-managed control of secret work on the decomposition of the Russian Church by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), that is, its criminal attitude to Soviet law in the policy of planting atheism among the people of Russia.
Russian (Pseudo-) Ambrosiana in translation traditions of the Synodical period
Authors: Gruniushkina Daria
Published: November 2022

The article studies the history of works signed by the name of St. Ambrose of Milan which was translated into Church Slavonic and Russian. The tradition of translations of the Bishop of Mediolanum is very young and heterogeneous. The first translations have been appeared sporadically only in the second half of the 18th century, and they were not systematic. The chronological framework of the article is due to the fact that the main body of the theological, homiletic and moral-ascetic heritage of the St. Ambrose was translated and published precisely in the Synodal period. Later, some early translations have been reprinted again and again or taken as a basis for adapting texts into modern language. Thanks to the educational activities of the St. Petersburg and the Kiev Theological Academies, which began to translate regularly and print the texts of the Holy Fathers, the number of publications from the authentic texts of the saint, as well as The pseudo-Ambrose's “Words”, increased noticeably. Many translations were published in the journals “Christian Reading”, “Sunday Reading”, “A Guide for Rural Shepherds”, which contributed to the spread of the patristic heritage outside the walls of religious educational institutions. In the article we reconstruct, if possible, the names of the translators and establish the source of original Latin texts, due to misattribution of many writings published under the name of St. Ambrose. The results are expected to contribute to clarify and to supply bibliographic lists, as well as to prepare a complete annotated catalog of editions of St. Ambrose of Milan in Russian and Church Slavonic.
About time and language
Authors: Navickaitė-Klišauskienė Agnė , Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė Eglė
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the former etymologies of the heterosemantic cognates Lith. valanda and La. valoda with a special focus on their relation and origin from the motion verbs described by Edīte Hauzenberga-Šturma. On the basis of the old writings and corpora we provide additional arguments to show that both time and language can be conceptualized as (cyclically) moving phenomena.
Trends in the choice of personal names in Latvia and other Baltic countries: a comparative aspect
Authors: Balode Laimute
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the recent tendencies of the names given to new-borns in Latvia during the last 18 years. This study provides a short comparison between the contemporary anthroponymic stock and the historical data, i.e., with the most popular names 100 years ago – at the beginning of the 20th century. Nowadays newborns are given two or even three names. An inherited name in the family has often been chosen as a second name, even more frequently the second name reflects national identity – especially in mixed families. More and more parents choose international, easily pronounced, short names, preferably without diacritical marks. The number of new borrowed foreign first names increased rapidly not only in Latvia, but in all Baltic countries. One of the motivations for the newborn’s name is originality: a lot of neologisms based on Latvian/Lithuanian/Estonian appellatives, mostly with the primary semantics of nature, have been coined. Quite often the names change their gender. Whereas the diminutive forms as official names in Latvia and Lithuania are not popular anymore. It is rather fashionable to give the first names of toponymic origin. The article also presents public attitudes towards these changes. A short overview on the comparison of the latest tendencies in the neighbouring countries – Lithuania, Estonia and Finland – is given as well.
On OPr. 119.13 ʃubban Aʃman (and OLith. patį aʃchmą) as a collective number
Authors: Dini Pietro U.
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to discuss the OPr. construction ʃubban Aʃman (cf. German selb acht, OLith. patį aʃchmą) attested in the liturgical supplement of the Baptism Booklet of Martin Luther’s Enchiridion (1561). The two terms are mostly traditionally considered as not related to one another. A new interpretation of this construction is given in this paper, based on a newly accomplished comparative and philological analysis of the passage involved. It is possible to say that we are dealing with a collective numeral, which was known also in Middle Europe-linguistic-context (examples from Middle Latin, Middle German, and West-Slavic are given). During the process of translation both an iconic imitation of the model and a servile calque played a major role for the emergence of OPr. ʃubban Aʃman (and OLith. patį aʃchmą). Despite the traditional interpretations, my conclusion is that the two terms are related indeed.
Machine learning for the prediction of preclinical airway management in injured patients: a registry-based trial
Authors: Luckscheiter André , Zink Wolfgang , Lohs Torsten , Eisenberger Johanna , Thiel Manfred , Viergutz Tim
Published: November 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using machine learning to establish the need for preclinical airway management for injured patients based on a standardized emergency dataset.Methods A registry-based, retrospective analysis was conducted of adult trauma patients who were treated by physician-staffed emergency medical services in southwestern Germany between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was to assess the feasibility of using the random forest (RF) and Naive Bayes (NB) machine learning algorithms to predict the need for preclinical airway management. The secondary outcome was to use a principal component analysis to determine the attributes that can be used and advanced for future model development.Results In total, 25,556 adults with multiple injuries were identified, including 1,451 patients (5.7%) who required airway management. Key attributes were auscultation, injury pattern, oxygen therapy, thoracic drainage, noninvasive ventilation, catecholamines, pelvic sling, colloid infusion, initial vital signs, preemergency status, and shock index. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was between 0.96 (RF; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–0.97) and 0.93 (NB; 95% CI, 0.92–0.93; P<0.01). For the prediction of airway management, RF yielded a higher precision-recall area than NB (0.83 [95% CI, 0.8–0.85] vs. 0.66 [95% CI, 0.61–0.72], respectively; P<0.01).Conclusion To predict the need for preclinical airway management in injured patients, attributes that are commonly recorded in standardized datasets can be used with machine learning. In future models, the RF algorithm could be used because it has robust prediction accuracy.
LA ALEATORIEDAD EN LAS SERIES HISTÓRICAS DE LAS FINANZAS MUNICIPALES DE COSTA RICA EN EL PERIODO 2005-2011
Authors: Pujol M. Rosendo , Pérez M. Eduardo , Sánchez H. Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Las finanzas municipales en Costa Rica exhiben grandes variaciones temporales y espaciales. En algunos municipios, la serie de tiempo de ingresos tributarios per cápita se comporta como un proceso de caminata aleatoria. Otros municipios presentan series históricas estables. Las series históricas de ingresos tributarios municipales per cápita de todo Costa Rica (1998-2010) y por cantón (2005-2011) fueron clasificadas de acuerdo con el proceso que exhiben como estables en sus niveles o procesos de caminata aleatoria. Se encontró que, para el conjunto del país, los ingresos tributarios de los gobiernos locales han crecido; sin embargo, las series históricas de los distintos cantones no permiten determinar en forma significativa el parámetro de deriva, que describe el nivel de crecimiento, de cantones específicos. Análisis comparativos de las series nacionales con las series cantonales sugieren fuertemente que las grandes variaciones interanuales que se encuentran en cada cantón se compensan entre sí, de lo cual resulta una tendencia agregada hacia mayores ingresos.
RETURNS TO EDUCATION, COHORTS AND BUSINESS CYCLE IN COSTA RICA: 1987-2008
Authors: Rojas Luis
Published: November 2022

La técnicade pseudo-panel es utilizada para estimar los rendimientos a la educación en Costa Rica.Este enfoque disminuye el sesgo de “habilidad” debido a la correlación entre el nivel de educacióny características no observables del individuo. Encontramos que los rendimientos a la educaciónincrementan a medida que la muestra utilizada incluya personas de mayor edad.Una vez que estudiamos los rendimientos a la educación -para diferentes muestras y utilizandodiferentes estimadores- analizamos su relación con los efectos año, cohorte y edad de Deaton.Encontramos que el ingreso de cohortes jóvenes es mayor que el ingreso de cohortes viejas, una vezque hemos controlado por la experiencia y las fluctuaciones económicas. Esta diferencia en el ingresoentre generaciones es explicada por los diferentes niveles de educación.Otros factores que difierenentre generaciones parecen ser de menor importancia para explicar dicha diferencia en ingresos.Finalmente, presentamos evidencia preliminar que sugiere que las fluctuaciones de corto plazo en elPIB afectan en mayor medida a aquellos con menor educación.
CLUSTERS, MERCADOS DE COMPETENCIA IMPERFECTA Y AUTOORGANIZACIÓN: LA ECONOMÍA COMO UN SISTEMA COMPLEJO
Authors: Acuña O Marvin
Published: November 2022

Los sistemas complejos con sus principios de: autoorganización, interacción,interdependencia, retroalimentación, sensibilidad a las condiciones iniciales, emergenciay adaptación continua constituyen un enfoque teórico novedoso, todavía poco abordadoen el análisis de algunas formas espaciales de organización de la producción y estructurasde mercado, capaces de formar clusters o redes de empresas. Este artículo explora lasbondades teóricas y metodológicas que los sistemas complejos brindan para lograr unamejor compresión sobre el origen y funcionamiento de los clusters. Ahora bien, la teoríaestablece que la competencia imperfecta es la estructura de mercado que subyace en estasformas particulares de organización de la producción -cluster o redes de empresas- y porsu parte los rendimientos crecientes tienen la singular propiedad de favorecer la atraccióny localización de empresas alrededor de una actividad económica en un territorio, es decir,al parecer ciertos atributos les confieren propiedades emergentes, para convertirse en elatractor principal en los procesos de aglomeración de empresas. Este artículo busca amanera de hipótesis determinar si los clusters o redes de empresas constituyen una formade autoorganización espacial de la producción que por sus características intrínsecasconstituye un sistema complejo.
Clinical-immunological phenotypes of the autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Cherevko N. A. , Khudiakova M. I. , Klimov V. V. , Novikov P. S. , Nikitina A. A. , Berezovskaya K. V. , Koshkarova N. S. , Denisov A. A.
Published: November 2022

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) affect about one in every 59 children. It is noteworthy that patients with ASD are more likely to have other comorbidities than the general population. Undoubtedly, they may aggravate clinical course of the underlying disease or affect the diagnostics. The aim of this work was to identify clinical and immunological phenotypes of the ASD clinical course. Patients and methods. The study included children classified in 2 groups: pediatric patients with ASD (n = 100), and clinically healthy children (n = 30). Based on the presence of comorbidities, the children were divided into 3 types of clinical patterns: convulsive, infectious, dermato-respiratory and gastrointestinal phenotypes. Cytokine concentrations in blood serum were determined by ELISA using Bender Medsystems (Austria) for IL-17А and Vector-Best (Russia) for IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ. The concentration of spIgG to 111 nutritional antigens (IgG) was determined by a modified ELISA method using the Immunohealth™ technique. Assessment of cognitive and psychophysiological indices in children was carried out using the ATEC questionnaire. As a result of the study, clinical and immunological phenotypes were identified among the ASD patients, being associated with certain types of food tolerance, cytokine profile, clinical severity of psycho-physiological disorders and concomitant comorbid diseases. In all four phenotypes, were have revealed an increased synthesis of specific antibodies associated with humoral immunity for the studied food antigens, increased concentration of total spIgG to food antigens, concentration of spIgG to legumes and casein, and C-reactive protein levels.

Moreover, in convulsive phenotype (concomitant epilepsy and convulsions), the maximal concentrations of spIgG are shown for Solanaceae products, the concentration of IL-10 is increased, IL-4 amounts are reduced, and the content of serum iron and ferritin is also lowered. In the infectious phenotype (frequently ill children) the spIg’s to grain and fermented products are detected, IL-10 and IFNγ concentrations are increased and IL-4 contents is reduced, along with increased absolute and relative number of lymphocytes and fibrinogen. In the dermato-respiratory phenotype (skin rashes) – to dairy products, the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17A are increased. In the gastrointestinal phenotype, the highest number of elevated IgG responses to the largest range of food antigens was found in presence of changing cytokine profile , i.e., an increase in IFNγ in IFNγ/IL-4 and IFNγ/IL-10 ratios. Thus, the identified phenotypes of the ASD course are associated with the influence of food antigens and reflect a special variant of the immunological inflammatory pathogenesis, which makes it possible to personalize elimination diets, propose measures for correction and individual prevention, and, probably, to predict clinical course of the disease.
Evolutionary aspects of gastrointestinal tract microbiome-host interaction underlying gastrointestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Loskutov S. I. , Proshin S. N. , Ryabukhin D. S.
Published: November 2022

In the host sustenance and homeostasis, the microbiome is a key component in the functional system. Throughout ontogenetic development, microbiome including that of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the vital factor that ensures not only host functioning, but also its interaction with environment. To uncover the mechanisms underlying GIT microbiome showing a decisive influence on host organism, a systematic approach is needed, because diverse microorganisms are predominantly localized in different parts of the GIT. Recently, a new interdisciplinary direction of science, nanobioinformatics that has been extensively developed considers gene networks as the major object of study representing a coordinated group of genes that functionally account for formation and phenotypic disclosure of various host traits. Here, an important place should be provided to the genetically determined level of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, its interaction at the level of the host food systems. There have been increasing evidence indicating that the microbiome is directly involved in the pathogenesis of host diseases showing a multi-layered interaction with host metabolic and immune systems. At the same time, the microbial community is unevenly distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and its different portions are variously active while interacting with the host immune system. The architecture of interaction between the microbiome and host cells is extremely complex, and the interaction of individual cells, at the same time, varies greatly. Bacteria colonizing the crypts of the small intestine regulate enterocyte proliferation by affecting DNA replication and gene expression, while bacteria at the tip of the intestinal villi mediate gene expression responsible for metabolism and immune response. Enterocytes and Paneth cells, in turn, regulate the vital activity of the community of microorganisms through the production of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) and antibacterial factors on their surface. Thus, the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) is maintained, which protects the body from infections and inflammation, while violation of its integrity leads to a number of diseases. It has been shown that depending on the dominance of certain types of bacteria the microbiome can maintain or disrupt GIB integrity. The structural and functional GIB integrity is important for body homeostasis. To date, at least 50 proteins have been characterized as being involved in the structural and functional integrability of tight junctions between gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. The current review comprehensively discusses such issues and presents original research carried out at various facilities of translational biomedicine.
Molecular genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae nono1/nono139 strain, the causative agent of a new case of acute intestinal infection in Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Monakhova Elena  V. , Kruglikov V. D. , Vodop'yanov A. S. , Selyanskaya N. A. , Ezhova M. I. , Noskov A. K.
Published: November 2022

During more than 50 years, a heterogeneous population of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (NAGs) exists in Rostov region of Russia, whose representatives periodically cause acute human intestinal infections; the last case was registered in 2018. In 2022, a sick child was again revealed in Rostov, from whom 2 NAG subcultures were isolated. Aim of the study: bioinformatics analysis of whole genome sequences (WGSs) of the 2022 clinical NAG isolates, genetic determinants of pathogenicity factors and relevant products. Materials and methods. Isolation, identification of cultures, as well as antibiotic sensitivity were carried out according to the MUK 4.2.3745-22. SNP analysis of WGSs obtained on the MiSeq Illumina platform were analyzed by means of designed software; BioEdit 7.2.5, Vector NTI Advance 11 package, CARD database were used to identify and analyze genes and relevant deduced products. Results. The isolated cultures with identical phenotypic features, PCR-genotypes and results of SNP analysis, were identified as a non-toxigenic NAG. The agent showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, amikacin and intermediate resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, furazolidon and co-trimoxazole. WGSs lacked CTX and preCTX prophages, pathogenicity island VPI, thermostable and cholix toxin genes, pandemic islands VSP-I and VSP-II. The determinants of the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) were not presented completely, which evidenced in favor of the loss of its functionality. An intact T3SS cluster was revealed, which was adjacent to the nan-nag region of the VPI-2 pathogenicity island in the absence of the proximal and distal parts of the latter. Other determinants of pathogenicity factors were revealed: RTX cluster responsible for synthesis of MARTX cytotoxin, genes for hemolysin HlyA, cytotonic toxin Cef, several serine and metalloproteases. The nucleotide compositions of most determinants differed from the prototypes, but their putative products preserved characteristic active domains. The adhesive activity might be provided by mannose-insensitive MSHA-like pili, since the msh-cluster included all the genes necessary for their production, as well as flagella, as both clusters responsible for their assembling were 99% identical to the prototype. From antibiotic resistance determinants only -lactamase VarG gene was found. Conclusion. The NAG strain examined here contains a sufficient set of intact virulence-associated genetic determinants, expression of which could contribute to the development of the disease.
Phylogenetic structure of the global population of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Starkova Daria A. , Svarval A. V.
Published: November 2022

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is widely considered to be one of the oldest bacteria in the human microbiome. During the co-evolutionary relationships between humans and H. pylori bacterium, spanning at least 100 000 years, a high rate of mutation and recombination events led to extremely high genomic polymorphism of the H. pylori species. Despite this, the large diversity of H. pylori genomes is very well structured, allowing to divide it into different populations associated with the geographic location of H. pylori strains. To date, seven modern H. pylori populations have been determined globally: hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, hpEastAsia, hpEurope, hpAsia2, hpNEAfrica and hspSahul originated from at least six ancestral populations (ancestral European 1, ancestral European 2, ancestral EastAsia, ancestral Africa1, ancestral Africa2, ancestral Sahul). The global phylogenetic analysis showed that H. pylori is organized into two superlineages: one containing hpAfrica2 and the other containing all other populations in a single monophyletic clade. This indicates that, hpAfrica2 is the most ancient of all H. pylori populations, while the others continued evolutionary development along as mankind spread beyond the African continent. Thus, the H. pylori species populational diversification, which occurred in parallel with paired hosts, allowed us to use H. pylori genetic variants as biological markers, reflecting ethnogeographic migration processes in human history. Moreover, the rapid and dynamic evolution of H. pylori informs about ongoing recombination events enabling use H. pylori as a model both for the co-evolution of pathogenic bacteria and humans as well as for within-individual host pathogen microevolution. This review summarized developments from numerous studies on coevolution process and phylogenetic pattern of the global H. pylori population. The relationships between currently known bacterial populations and subpopulations, related geographical distribution, reconstruction of evolutionary pathway for ancestral and recent populations are detailed. New data on the H. pylori strain populational pattern in Russia, as well as strains circulating in the Northern, Central and South America, are presented. Phylogenetic analysis of the H. pylori population pattern permitted to reconstruct both prehistoric and recent human migrations, demographic processes as well as multilayered evolutionary pathways of H. pylori population.
The efficacy and safety of three 30-day courses of albendazole in patients with neurocysticercosis
Authors: Sinh C. T. , Thang T. T. , Thang T. D. , Loi C. B. , Anh L. T.
Published: November 2022

Albendazole is one of the drugs indicated for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. However, data on the treatment outcome of a long course of this drug is scarce. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of three 30-day courses of albendazole in patients with neurocysticercosis. Materials and methods. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was based on epidemiological, clinical and laboratory criteria as guided by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. Sixty patients with a mean age of 50.1710.03 years old, with 86.7% (95% CI: 77.895.5%) men, were involved in this study. Patients received three 30-day courses of albendazole with an intermittence of 20 days. Additional treatment included steroids, anticonvulsants or analgesics. Based on brain magnetic resonance imaging 6 months after the therapy, the efficacy was classified as cure (viable cysts not discernible), improvement (50% or more cysts disappeared or calcified) or inefficacy (changes in less than 50% of the cysts). The safety was determined based on the changes of biochemical parameters after each treatment course. Results. The most common clinical presentations were headache (90.0%, 95% CI: 82.297.8) and/or seizure (68.3%, 95% CI: 56.270.4), followed by other symptoms such as fainting, memory loss, and limb numbness. Active cysts were discovered in all cases and located mainly in the parenchymal region. After therapy, the rates of cure, improvement or inefficacy were 43.3% (95% CI: 30.456.2%), 51.7% (95% CI: 38.764.7%) and 5.0% (95% CI: 010.7%), respectively. Liver enzymes were slightly higher compared to those before therapy and mostly returned to normal ranges after drug interruption. Alanine aminotransferase levels before the 3rd course were higher than values before the first and second courses. No abnormalities in blood urea or creatinine after therapy were reported. Conclusion. Three 30-day cycles of albendazole appear to have good efficacy and tolerability in patients with neurocysticercosis.
VEGF gene polymorphism in complicated infective endocarditis
Authors: Samoylenko E. S. , Kolesnikova N. V. , Baklay V. I. , Maydannikova E. Yu. , Omelchenko E. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial disease with frequent pathogen localization on the heart valve apparatus. IE is characterized by rapid development of heart failure and frequent thromboembolic complications (TEC). IE features are accounted for by foreign pathogen nature and state of human immune system (IS). The imbalanced IS in infective endocarditis is manifested by impaired cytokine-mediated interactions. This confirms the rationality of studying cytokines to advance understanding of the pathogenesis for various conditions. Most cytokine genes are characterized by polymorphism and existing isoforms underlying disease predisposition. Genetic polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays an important role in the induction of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The pathogenetic VEGF role in IE has not been thoroughly studied. Research objective analysis of polymorphic nucleotide sequence variants in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene, taking into account a relation with its serum concentration in patients with infective endocarditis. Materials and methods. 86 patients treated with verified diagnosis of infective endocarditis at the Scientific Research Institute Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 of Krasnodar were divided into two clinical groups in accordance with the IE course: Group 1 IE with TEC (n = 44), group 2 IE without TEC (n = 42), and the control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals. The concentration of serum VEGF-A (pg/mL) was measured by ELISA on day 1 of hospitalization. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood leukocytes and used to determine the frequency of genotypes of VEGF gene polymorphic variants. Results. Significant differences in the frequency distribution of VEGF-rs2010963 genotypes between patients with infective endocarditis and control group were revealed: G/G (OR = 0.25; p = 0.012) and G/C (OR = 4.28; p = 0.022), as well as differences between VEGF concentrations for various SNP-rs2010963 genotypes (p = 0.0001). A study of VEGF genotype frequency distribution between patients of clinical groups showed a significantly decreased frequency of the genotype G/G (rs2010963) in the IE group with TEC (OR = 0.21; p = 0.014) and increased frequency of G/C (OR = 4.72; p = 0.024) compared with the control group, whereas in patients with IE without TEC, significant (p = 0.0003) differences in serum concentrations of VEGF-rs2010963 were found in accordance with genotypes GG/CC (p = 0.01) and GG/GC (p = 0.003). Conclusion. The relationship between the VEGF genotypes (G/G and G/C of rs2010963 polymorphism) and related serum concentration among patients with IE was revealed. Carriers of the minor C allele (rs2010963) had higher serum VEGF levels. The results obtained complement and systematize current scientific data on the disease pathogenesis, as well as focus on the genetic determinant of the developing complications.
Lessons learned from reservoir discontinuances
Authors: McHugh Ryan , Craig Matthew , Morrin Ross
Published: November 2022

Redundant reservoirs, whether they are subject to the provisions of reservoir legislation or not, have an ongoing maintenance requirement that places a burden on reservoir owners. Reservoirs upstream of communities also pose a risk to life. For these reasons, reservoir owners often consider discontinuing redundant assets; however, reservoirs can deliver amenity value for local communities as well as contributing to a desirable environmental habitat. Careful consideration should therefore be given to balancing the advantages and disadvantages when deciding whether to discontinue a reservoir. This paper will draw on case studies of five Scottish Water reservoir sites where the merits of discontinuance have been assessed. Two have been retained; and three have been discontinued. The key influences and lessons learned will be presented including identifying and mitigating environmental aspects; the findings from public consultations; the approach to whole life cost estimates; the benefits or otherwise of carrying ground investigations; the approach to dealing with sediment issues; the approach to managing flood risk during removal of the reservoir; and the approach to managing downstream flood risk following removal of the reservoir. The peculiarities of the Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 will be touched on, as complete removal of a reservoir is termed abandonment!
Do weak readers in rural India automatically read same language subtitles on Bollywood films? An eye gaze analysis
Authors: Arjun Somnath , Kothari Brij , Shah Nirav Kumar , Biswas Pradipta
Published: November 2022

Same Language Subtitling (SLS) of audio-visual content on mainstream TV entertainment to improve mass reading literacy was first conceived and piloted in India. SLS is now being scaled up nationally to ensure that the reading skills of one billion TV viewers, including 600 million weak readers, remain on a lifelong pathway to practice, progress, and proficiency. Will weak readers ignore or try to read along with SLS? Our eye-tracking study investigates this question with 136 weak readers drawn from a remote village in Rajasthan state by showing them popular Hindi film clips of dialog and songs, with and without SLS. We developed an interactive web-based visual analytics tool for exploring eye-tracking data. Based on an analysis of fixations, saccades, and time spent in the subtitle and non-subtitle areas, our main finding is that 70 percent of weak readers engaged in unprompted reading while watching film clips with SLS. We observed that saccadic eye movement is a good indicator to quantify the amount of reading with SLS, and saccadic regression can further differentiate weak readers.  Eye-tracking studies of weak readers watching subtitles are rare, and ours may be the first with subjects from rural India.
Facilitating technology-enhanced external examination moderation during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Potgieter Nicoline , Mohamed Nadia , Vergotine Rodney J , Peck Craig W
Published: November 2022

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and associated travel restrictions, the physical presence of international external examiners was a challenge when assessing the exit level outcomes of the MSc (Dent) in Paediatric Dentistry at the University of the Western Cape. External moderation of final examinations ensure an acceptable standard, coverage of content as specified by the programme outcomes and eliminates bias during assessment. Internationalization of the moderation andexamination process allows countries to compare and maintain international standards and graduate attributes expected for professional qualifications.Qualifications requiring assessment of skills often rely on ObjectiveStructured Clinical Examinations, Objective Structured Practical Examinations and simulated cases in combination with an oral examination, which requires the presence of all examiners to assess the student. This paper describes how the final examination in this MSc (Dent) degree was adapted and conducted in order to overcome the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic, to maintain the academic integrity and rigour of the programme. A narrative essay-style approach was adopted, which reflects on the challenges and opportunities created by Covid-19. The adapted assessment method proved to be an effective alternative to the more traditional assessment approaches employed pre-Covid.
Management Trend for Unstable Pelvic Bone Fractures in Regional Trauma Centers: Multi-Institutional Study in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kang Byung Hee , Jung Kyoungwon , Shim Hongjin , Kim Dong Hun
Published: November 2022

Purpose: In the Republic of Korea, the use of trauma centers was recently adopted and is expected to have better outcome for severely injured patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and treatment methods for unstable pelvic bone fractures in trauma centers. Methods: The annual number of patients, clinical outcomes, and treatment methods of unstable pelvic bone fractures in three trauma centers from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were dichotomized into survivors and deceased, and demographic data, treatment, and clinical outcomes were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with survival.Results: Among 237 patients, 101 (42.6%) were deceased. Mortality was lower in the later period (2019- 2020) compared with the early period (2016-2018; 33.6% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.011). Direct admission of an increasing number of patients to trauma centers reduced prehospital time. Although the use of angioembolization in treating pelvic bone fracture (p < 0.001), and the use of other treatment methods did not change significantly (2016-2020). Lower age, lowest systolic blood pressure in the trauma bay, and higher lactate level, international normalized ratio, the amount of packed red blood cell transfusion at 24 hours were positively associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Increasingly more patients with unstable pelvic bone fracture were admitted to trauma centers; mortality improved. Angioembolization increased significantly and multi-disciplinary modality for early bleeding control was still essential.
Assessment of the Suitability of Trauma Triage According to Physiological Criteria in Korea
Authors: Kim Gil Hwan , Kim Jae Hun , Kim Hohyun , Kim Seon Hee , Park Sung Jin , Lee Sang Bong , Park Chan Ik , Ryu Dong Yeon , Lee Kang Ho , Kim Sun Hyun , Lee Na Hyeon , Wang Il Jae
Published: November 2022

Purpose: A trauma center project for treating patients with trauma has been established in Korea. A trauma team is activated based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) field triage Step 1 for patient triage. Here, we determined if the currently applied criteria were appropriate for the triage of patients with trauma in Korea.Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were taken to the regional trauma center from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019, and were registered in the Korean Trauma database. The rates for undertriage and overtriage were calculated from the in-field and in-hospital triage according to the CDC guidelines Step 1.Results: Among the 9,383 patients transferred to the trauma center, 3,423 were directly transferred from the site and were investigated. The overall rates for undertriage and overtriage of these patients were 28.13% and 30.35%, respectively. For the patients who received in-field triage and were directly transferred to the trauma center, the rates for undertriage and overtriage were 27.92% and 32.39%, and 25.92% and 29.11% for in-hospital triage, respectively. The concordance rate of triage was 87.09%.Conclusion: The current use of in-hospital triage physiological criteria as set out in the CDC guidelines Step 1, indicated an undertriage rate which was high and an overtriage rate within the acceptable range. Further studies on triaging patients with trauma are warranted. Improvements in the guidelines of the trauma center project are necessary and this needs to be supported by resources and training for field personnel.
The Status of Protein Supply to Patients in the Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Units and the Effects of Feedback on Protein Supply: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Oh Seung-Young , Lee Jae-Myeong , Lee Han Young , Kwon Junsik , Lee Hak-Jae , Choi Nak-Jun , Lee Jae Gil , Kim Im-Kyung , Kang Min Chang , Kim Hyung Won , Youn Seok Hwa
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To investigate the status of protein supply by comparing the recommended amount with the delivered amount of protein in patients in the trauma and surgical intensive care units (ICU). Feedback on the protein supply status was presented to each hospital, and we evaluated whether the protein supply had increased to an appropriate level.Methods: In this retrospective observational multicenter study, nutritional information on patients in the trauma and surgical ICUs who had received nutritional support intervention was collected on the 1st Wednesday of each month at two-month intervals from August 2020 to June 2021, from nine domestic hospitals in Korea. Every two months, the nutritional status of each hospital was shared with all hospitals, and each nutritional support team received feedback on protein supply status.Results: There were 246 patients from nine hospitals included in this study, and data over the study period from six protein days, were analyzed. The mean ratios of delivered calories to calculated required calories were 74.0%, 80.8%, 85.4%, 77.9%, 71.3%, and 82.1% on Protein Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The mean ratios of delivered protein to calculated required protein were 73.0%, 77.2%, 78.9%, 79.3%, 69.4%, and 89.6% on Protein Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively.Conclusion: Protein supply increased to an appropriate level, feedback on protein supply status may have increased the protein supply ratio and promoted appropriate protein supply and nutritional support for patients in the trauma and surgical ICUs.
A Case of Preperitoneal Herniation of the Small Bowel Causing Intestinal Obstruction Following a Totally Extra Peritoneal Hernia Repair
Authors: Samarakoon Lasitha B , Chandraprakash Samip , Fernandes Rolands , Basnyat Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Preperitoneal hernia is a very rare complication following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. A 57-yearold male underwent a right inguinal hernia totally extra peritoneal repair on 20/10/2021. Initial recovery was uncomplicated but on post operative day 10, he developed sudden onset of vomiting and abdominal pain. Initial imaging showed small bowel obstruction with a possible transition point. An internal hernia was suspected and he was offered urgent diagnostic laparoscopy following counseling. A preperitoneal defect was noted with distended proximal ileum and collapsed distal ileum and colon. A small bowel runthrough did not reveal any pathological abnormalities. A presumptive diagnosis of a preperitoneal hernia was made, and the defect was closed with a running V lock suture. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. An inadvertent breach in the peritoneum during a totally extra peritoneal repair can lead to preperitoneal herniation of the small bowel and intestinal obstruction postoperatively.
New Concept of a Surgical Hospitalist: Early Experience of Managing the Admission, Critical Care, Trauma Surgery Team
Authors: Lee Sungho , Park Kwanhoon , Lee Kang Yoon , Jang Ji Young
Published: November 2022

The demand for hospitalists is increasing due to decreasing numbers of clinical residents and increased concerns regarding patient safety. However, several limitations in the surgical hospitalist role exist. The personnel of the surgical hospitalist, rapid response team (RRT), surgical critical care, and trauma surgery teams were unified under the admission, critical care, and trauma surgery (ACTs) team at this institution. The ACTs target are patients with severe disease not undergoing general postoperative course, or patients with the potential for severe conversion. Two surgical intensivists are on duty once a week and oversee the intensive care unit (ICU), the back-up treatment of critically ill patients, and the immediate treatment of trauma patients. ACTs also participate in the surgical RRT and select patients with a high probability of severe exacerbation. Between 2019-2021, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation incidence per 1,000 hospitalized patients in the surgical department decreased significantly from 0.81 to 0.55. From March to December 2021, the ACTs team were involved with 101 of 158 surgical patients admitted to the ICU: 62 with postoperative status, 29 with severe trauma, and 10 transferred to the ICU via RRT screening. Based on our experience, the role of the ACTs team can help improve patient safety.
The Role of Religions and Conspiracy Theories in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Hidalgo Oliver Fernando , Yendell Alexander
Published: November 2022

This thematic issue asks about the role of religions and religious actors and conspiracy theories/theorists in democratic and authoritarian regimes in general. Special attention is given to the current Covid-19 pandemic, since the relevant state of emergency obviously endorses the persuasiveness of conspiracy theories and makes the comparison with religions necessary. In this respect, the challenges religious prejudices and conspiracy myths imply could even shed light on the problem of whether democracy or authoritarianism is the best regime to fight the Coronavirus successfully. The articles at hand answer these issues from interdisciplinary areas, particularly from political science, sociology, social psychology, and history.