bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Takotsubo syndrome with several hypertensive crises: an unexpected diagnosis
Authors: Niemiec Małgorzata , Dyrek Nicola , Żądecka Klaudia , Gruchlik Bartosz , Berger-Kucza Adrianna , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

We present an unusual clinical case of a 39-year-old woman admitted to the Department of Cardiology due to stenocardial pain accompanied by hypertensive crisis. The patient presented with severe chest pain and high blood pressure, along with a history of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Initial tests showed elevated troponin T, glucose, CRP, and D-dimer levels, and electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography showed abnormalities suggesting acute myocardial infarction, but angiography did not reveal any significant coronary artery blockages. Further tests and imaging led to a diagnosis of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and suspicion of pheochromocytoma, which was confirmed later biopsy. The presented case is very rare because the coexistence of TTS and pheochromocytoma is not common due to the rarity of the tumor. It is very important to make a quick and accurate diagnosis, because improperly treated cases can lead to death.
NADPH oxidase 4-derived hydrogen peroxide counterbalances testosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and migration
Authors: Alves Juliano V , Costa Rafael M , Awata Wanessa M C , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane , Singh Shubhnita , Tostes Rita C , Bruder-Nascimento Thiago
Published: September 2023

Background

High levels of testosterone (Testo) are associated with cardiovascular risk by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the major source of ROS in the vasculature in cardiovascular diseases. NOX4 is a unique isotype, which produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and its participation in cardiovascular biology is controversial. So far, it is unclear whether NOX4 protects from Testo-induced endothelial injury. Thus, we hypothesized that supraphysiological levels of Testo induce endothelial NOX4 expression to attenuate endothelial injury.

Methods

Human Mesenteric Vascular Endothelial Cells (HMEC) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were treated with Testo (10−7M) with or without a NOX4 inhibitor [GLX351322 (10-4M)].In vivo, 10-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were treated with Testo (10 mg/kg) for 30 days to study endothelial function.

Results

Testo increased mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 in HMEC and HUVEC. Testo increased superoxide anion (O2−) and H2O2production, which were abolished by NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition, respectively. Testo also attenuated bradykinin-induced NO production, which was further impaired by NOX4 inhibition.In vivo, Testo decreased H2O2production in aortic segments and triggered endothelial dysfunction [decreased relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh)], which was further impaired by GLX351322 and by a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic (EUK134). Finally, Testo led to a dysregulated endothelial cells migration, which was exacerbated by GLX351322.

Conclusion

These data indicate that supraphysiological levels of Testo increase the endothelial expression and activity of NOX4 to counterbalance the deleterious effects caused by Testo in endothelial function.
Scarless DNA Recombineering
Authors: Figueroa-Bossi Nara , Balbontín Roberto , Bossi Lionello
Published: September 2023

The method described here allows editing of the bacterial genome without leaving any secondary changes (scars) behind. This method uses a tripartite selectable and counterselectable cassette comprising an antibiotic-resistance gene (catorkan) and thetetRrepressor gene linked to a Ptetpromoter-ccdBtoxin gene fusion. In the absence of induction, thetetRgene product represses the Ptetpromoter, preventingccdBexpression. The cassette is first inserted at the target site by selecting for chloramphenicol or kanamycin resistance. It is subsequently replaced by the sequence of interest by selecting for growth in the presence of anhydrotetracycline (AHTc), which inactivates the TetR repressor thereby causing CcdB-induced lethality. Unlike other CcdB-based counterselection schemes, which require specifically designed λ-Red delivery plasmids, the system described here uses the popular plasmid pKD46 as the source of λ-Red functions. This protocol allows a wide variety of modifications, including the intragenic insertion of fluorescent or epitope tags, gene replacements, deletions, and single base-pair substitutions, to be made. In addition, the procedure can be used to place the inducible Ptetpromoter at a chosen position in the bacterial chromosome.
Which resolution?
Authors: Nave Colin
Published: September 2023

The relationship between the contrast to noise ratio and intensity based cross-correlation coefficients for both protein crystallography and X-ray imaging are compared. It is concluded that, for protein crystallography at near atomic resolution, the intensity based cross-correlation coefficients give a reasonable indication of the quality of the corresponding electron density. For X-ray imaging of biological materials such as cells and soft tissue, the wide range of contrast of the features means that intensity based correlation coefficients can give a poor indication of the interpretability of an image. Rather than the term resolution, it is the contrast to noise ratio for a feature of interest at the relevant spatial frequency that is more relevant. Additional metrics are required to describe the quality of an image, and these are discussed.
Role of HR analytics and attrition on organisational performance: a literature review leveraging the SCM-TBFO framework
Authors: Kiran P. Ravi , Chaubey Akriti , Shastri Rajesh Kumar
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The research paper aims to analyse the scholarly literature on advancing HR analytics as an intervention for attrition, a problem that lingers on organisational performance. This study aspires to provide an in-depth literature review and critically assess the knowledge gaps in HR analytics and attritions within organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The review analyses the corpus of 196 research articles published in ostensible journals between 2011 and 2023. To identify research gaps and provide valuable insights, this study synthesises relevant studies using School of thought (S), Context (C), Methodology (M), Triggers (T), Barriers (B), Facilitators (F) and Outcomes (O) (SCM-TBFO framework). This study employs the R programming language to conduct a systematic literature review in accordance with the “preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines.

Findings

The emerging discipline of HR analytics encompasses the potential to manage attrition and drive organisational performance enhancements effectively. The study of SCM-TBFO encompasses a multidimensional approach, incorporating diverse perspectives and analysing its complex aspects compared to various approaches. The School of thought includes the human capital theory, expectancy theory and resource-based view. The varied research contexts entail the USA, United Kingdom, China, France, Italy and India. Further, the methodologies adopted in the studies are artificial neural networking (ANN), regression, structure equation modelling (SEM) case studies and other theoretical studies. HR analytics and attrition triggers are data mining decision systems, forecasting for firm performance and employee satisfaction. The barriers include leadership styles, cultural adaptability and lack of analytic skills, data security and organisational orientation. The facilitators were categorised into data and technology-related facilitators, human resource policies and organisational growth and performance-related facilitators. The study's primary outcomes are technology adoption, effective HR policies, HR strategies, employee satisfaction, career and organisational expansion and growth.

Originality/value

The primary goal of the literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of HR analytics and its impact on organisational performance, particularly in relation to attrition. Further, the study suggests that attrition, a critical organisational concern, can be effectively managed by strategically utilising HR analytics and empowering data-driven interventions that optimise performance and enhance overall organisational outcomes.
The multilevel governance of financial instruments in regional development policy: the case of Poland
Authors: Sum Katarzyna , Radło Mariusz-Jan , Mackiewicz Marta
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of this article is to investigate how the use of financial instruments influences the development of Regional Development Funds (RFR) in Poland and to assess the maturity and coherence of the regional development financing system in this country.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the multilevel governance literature and on data collected during 26 in-depth interviews in regional, national and international institutions.

Findings

The authors demonstrate that the use of financial instruments stimulates new kinds of cooperation between several institutions and contributes to the establishment of RFR. The authors also show that the Polish regional financing system is still developing and formulate recommendations about necessary improvements.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this article, in addition to taking up a new, relevant topic for the regional development policy in countries benefiting from European Union (EU) cohesion policy, is the application of the multilevel governance (MLG) concept to explain the development of the Polish regional development financing system. Moreover, the significant added value of this study comes from the use of data collected during 26 in-depth interviews (IDI) in regional, national and international institutions on the use of repayable instruments in regional development policy.
Impact of sex in luxury fashion advertisements on brand attractiveness and identification
Authors: Adomaitis Alyssa Dana , Saiki Diana , del Pozo Severino Juan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study examined perceived brand attractiveness of and identification with fashion luxury brands given different levels of sexuality in advertisements. Sex in advertisements has become increasingly more common to generate attention and interest in fashion luxury products, with limited research on its influence on the consumer. However, the use of sexuality in luxury advertisements may counter the ethical expectations of brands by the current consumer in the United States.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 1,266 males and females completed a survey on brand attractiveness and identification after examining an advertisement of a luxury fashion product. Participants were assigned an advertisement that featured a same-gendered model at one of four levels of sexuality (fully clothed to nude). IBM SPSS Statistics was used to analyze the data which included descriptive statistics and a two-way multivariate analysis of variance followed by an analysis of variance.

Findings

The results indicated thatless sexualityin luxury advertisements was better in generating attractiveness to and identification with the brand. The advertisements with models fully clothed were rated highest on brand attractiveness and identification. These relationships were statistically significant among groups of men and women.

Originality/value

These findings are important to scholars and marketers of luxury brands as sexuality in luxury brands continues to increase and becomes more provocative, as well as socially conscious.
What should a restorative classroom look and sound like? Content validation of a direct observation tool
Authors: Vincent Claudia , McClure Heather , Svanks Rita , Girvan Erik , Inglish John , Reiley Darren , Smith Scott
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study focused on identifying measurable constructs of a restorative classroom and appropriate metrics to measure those constructs through content validity analysis of a direct observation tool. The tool was designed to assess restorative practices implementation in the classroom in the context of professional development supporting teachers in a fundamental reorientation towards non-punitive discipline.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors administered a 30-item survey to a panel of 14 experts in restorative practices implementation in schools asking them to provide quantitative and qualitative feedback on the tool's content, metrics, and utility for building teachers' skill and confidence in promoting a restorative classroom. The authors calculated item-level content validity indices and scale-level content validity indices. To interpret findings, the authors applied acceptability criteria recommended in the literature. The authors used qualitative coding to analyze qualitative responses and contextualize quantitative findings.

Findings

Quantitative results indicated that the tool's structure and measures of teacher behavior were acceptable. The student behavior scale did not meet the acceptability criterion. Qualitative feedback indicated that observation and later co-reflection on teachers' use of specific restorative skills was deemed helpful to teacher implementation of restorative practices. Observations of student behaviors, however, needed to be broadened to emphasize student voice and agency and the quality of student interactions.

Originality/value

Novel approaches to measurement are needed to facilitate teacher implementation of restorative practices as schools adopt those practices to promote equitable student agency, engagement and belonging in a pivotal shift from existing punitive discipline systems.
Leadership dynamics and Covid-19 crisis management in Singapore: a contingency approach
Authors: Ametepe Paul Kojo , Onokala Uchechi C.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The goal of this study is to explore the role leadership play by Singapore’s government in the handling of the Covid-19 crisis and to suggest recommendations around the leadership dynamics in solving similar challenges experienced by businesses, organizations and societies.

Design/methodology/approach

This review was conducted using a case study and a desk review, a systematic review as well as a narrative method where physical books, web searches, online platforms, patterns in related occurrences and related literature were used to support the study. The review was anchored on the contingency approach and the stakeholder theory. Two hypotheses were developed and tested using qualitative comparative analysis. The study finding showed that the Singapore government used an all-inclusive functional leadership approach in curtailing the effect of the pandemic on Singaporeans. The study recommends that in decision-making, being proactive and timely is critical, and developing more conceivable and holistic crisis response plans through an integrated orientation is paramount to the successful achievement of a goal.

Findings

Despite some flaws, it was found that the Singaporean government had conveniently used a contingency leadership approach through an all-inclusive functional leadership to mitigate the effect of Covid-19 through the use of social media, messaging apps and effective communication, effective pandemic control techniques, albeit in a proactive manner. As a result, Singapore's mortality rate was relatively lower than that of other nations that were adversely affected by the epidemic, earning them a prime position in the crisis response. The study, therefore, contends that their proactive response to containing the pandemic can be used as a model for people, businesses, the political system and society to lessen incidents of a similar nature in the future.

Practical implications

Policymakers, scholars and frontline workers may have sufficient reason to devote time to developing a more viable, comprehensive crisis response plan by pursuing an integrated learning strategy, through the use of contingency approaches and drawing on past experiences in dealing with global health emergencies. Apart from this, Singapore’s experience will serve as a lesson for the management of businesses and leaders of societies to take proactive steps in dealing with challenges as soon as they arise.

Originality/value

This review showed that contingency is a reality faced by every society and organization and people’s collective responsibility is a necessity during such time. Therefore, when an organization/institution is in a familiar situation, policymakers, academics and business management/leaders need to be proactive and also reflect on past experiences to deal with current and future mistakes in the course of daily operations in an organization/society.
Globalisation, taxation and inequality
Authors: Zucman Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Today's tax systems, in which value‐added taxes and payroll taxes play a prominent role, are largely creations of the 1950s. We need to invent modern tax systems adapted to the reality of the 21st century: the growing importance of capital and the rise of inequality. This article reviews some of the challenges involved with increasing the progressivity of tax systems in a globalised world and discusses how these challenges could be overcome. I make the case for new and more ambitious forms of international cooperation and for modern forms of wealth taxation.
Endovascular repair combined with in situ fenestration for new‐onset or residual arch dissection in patients underwent aortic replacement
Authors: Lu Zhexin , Huang Jin , Fan Yongliang , Gu Hongbing , Zhu Xian , Yu Min , Ye Yizhou
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Ascending aorta or hemi‐arch replacement is a frequently used treatment for patients with acute type A thoracic aortic dissection, particularly those who are elderly or have multiple comorbidities. However, in cases where there are secondary entry tears in the aortic arch or descending aorta, this procedure may not fully resolve the issue. The true lumen may remain compressed due to perfusion of the false lumen and usually require reoperation.

Methods

Between January 2019 and July 2022, 18 patients underwent endovascular total aortic arch repair and fenestration technique without requiring median re‐sternotomy. Aortic stent grafts were implanted via the femoral approach, utilizing prosthetic vessels as an appropriate proximal landing zone for aortic stent graft deployment. Based on the debranching conditions of the arch in previous surgery, single, double or triple in situ fenestrations (ISFs) were performed, respectively.

Results

All 18 cases were technically successful, with a median follow‐up period of 20 months (range: 18–31 months). All patients had a favourable postoperative course, with no deaths within 30 days or during their hospital stay. There were no instances of disabling stroke, paraplegia, endo‐leak, stent graft migration or stent graft‐induced new entry. In addition, all patients exhibited complete thrombosis of the false lumen at the level of the aortic arch.

Conclusion

Our preliminary experience suggests that endovascular total arch repair combined with ISF technique is a viable, effective and safe option for treatment. Our mid‐term results have been promising, but we acknowledge the need for further evaluation to assess long‐term outcomes and durability.
Letter: tenofovir versus entecavir for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in chronic hepatitis B‐related compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Huang Rui , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Jian , Wu Chao
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hu et al and Yueh‐Hsia Chiu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16116 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16339
Letter: is the radiation therapy causing an IBD flare, or the IBD predisposing to radiation toxicity?
Authors: Lim Gerald , Kassam Zahra , Seow Cynthia H.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Broussard et al and Laharie & Riviere papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16176 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16300
Editorial: the polygenic risk of cirrhosis development
Authors: Armandi Angelo , Schattenberg Jörn M.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Buch et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16252
Editorial: standardising inclusion and outcome criteria for pouchitis—a fragile consensus perhaps but a first step in the right direction
Authors: Laube Robyn , Selinger Christian P.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sedano et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16328 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16366
Editorial: liver stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography and cardiovascular risk in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—simply associated or more complicated?
Authors: Demirtas Coskun Ozer , Yilmaz Yusuf
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16324 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16364
Editorial: co‐morbid gastrointestinal conditions are an important consideration in IBS management—authors' reply
Authors: Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Black et al and Simmons & Taft papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16322 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16345
Editorial: trends in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease attributable direct costs—authors' reply
Authors: El‐Matary Wael , Nugent Zoann , Witt Julia , Bernstein Charles N.
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to El‐Matary et al and Vernon‐Roberts & Day papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16358 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16373
In vivo ureteroscopic intrarenal pressures and clinical outcomes: a multi‐institutional analysis of 120 consecutive patients
Authors: Croghan Stefanie M. , Cunnane Eoghan M. , O'Meara Sorcha , Muheilan Muheilan , Cunnane Connor V. , Patterson Kenneth , Skolarikos Andreas , Somani Bhaskar , Jack Gregory S. , Forde James C. , O'Brien Fergal J. , Walsh Michael T. , Manecksha Rustom P. , McGuire Barry B. , Davis Niall F.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the pressure range generated in the human renal collecting system during ureteroscopy (URS), in a large patient sample, and to investigate a relationship between intrarenal pressure (IRP) and outcome.

Patients and Methods

A prospective multi‐institutional study was conducted, with ethics board approval; February 2022–March 2023. Recruitment was of 120 consecutive consenting adult patients undergoing semi‐rigid URS and/or flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) for urolithiasis or diagnostic purposes. Retrograde, fluoroscopy‐guided insertion of a 0.036‐cm (0.014″) pressure guidewire (COMET™ II, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) to the renal pelvis was performed. Baseline and continuous ureteroscopic IRP was recorded, alongside relevant operative variables. A 30‐day follow‐up was completed. Descriptive statistics were applied to IRP traces, with mean (sd) and maximum values and variance reported. Relationships between IRP and technical variables, and IRP and clinical outcome were interrogated using the chi‐square test and independent samples t‐test.

Results

A total of 430 pressure traces were analysed from 120 patient episodes. The mean (sd) baseline IRP was 16.45 (5.99) mmHg and the intraoperative IRP varied by technique. The mean (sd) IRP during semi‐rigid URS with gravity irrigation was 34.93 (11.66) mmHg. FURS resulted in variable IRP values: from a mean (sd) of 26.78 (5.84) mmHg (gravity irrigation; 12/14‐F ureteric access sheath [UAS]) to 87.27 (66.85) mmHg (200 mmHg pressurised‐bag irrigation; 11/13‐F UAS). The highest single pressure peak was 334.2 mmHg, during retrograde pyelography. Six patients (5%) developed postoperative urosepsis; these patients had significantly higher IRPs during FURS (mean [sd] 81.7 [49.52] mmHg) than controls (38.53 [22.6] mmHg; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A dynamic IRP profile is observed during human in vivo URS, with IRP frequently exceeding expected thresholds. A relationship appears to exist between elevated IRP and postoperative urosepsis.
Champions of democracy or agents of professionalization? The extension era at the universities of Toronto, Queen's, and McMaster
Authors: McLean Scott
Published: September 2023

I narrate a historical sociology of extension work undertaken at Queen's University, McMaster University, and the University of Toronto from the late 1800s through the early 1960s. University administrators positioned extension work as dedicated to the democratization of higher education. However, a critical analysis of archival data reveals that the rise and fall of extension reflected these universities’ material interests and organizational goals relating to public relations, government relations, and enrollment growth. Further, extension programs at these universities were primarily oriented to providing alternative credential pathways to those seeking professional status as schoolteachers, accountants, bankers, and business managers. Indeed, extension leaders demonstrated substantial agency in the professionalization of these fields. Contributing to the historical sociology of higher education and the professions, I argue that the extension era in Ontario resulted in partial democratization of higher education whilst helping to construct mechanisms of social closure rooted in credentialism and professionalization.
Research on a colour solid built by gridded colour mixing of nine primary‐coloured fibres and its neural network colour prediction approach
Authors: Sun Xianqiang , Xue Yuan , Xue Jingli , Jin Guang
Published: September 2023

According to the demand for colour prediction for coloured yarn, two adjacent colours chosen from red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), cyan (C), blue (B) and magenta (M) fibres were combined with fibres of dark grey (O1), medium grey (O2) and light grey (O3), respectively, and then ternary coupling‐superposition mixing was performed to acquire a colour solid consisting of three lightnesses, 18 colour mixing units and 18 × (m + 1) × n grid points. An integrated colour mixing with 20% hue gradient and 33.33% saturation gradient was performed to achieve a colour solid containing 360 grid points, then using it as the sample space for the colour prediction model. A total of 360 typical samples were established by the grid points, 213 yarns and fabrics were prepared by the typical sample parameters, and the corresponding reflectance was accessed by a spectrophotometer. Neural network models for predicting reflectance by mixing ratios as well as forecasting mixing ratios by reflectance, were established. The 12 non‐grid point parameters were chosen to prepare corresponding yarns and fabrics, and the corresponding reflectance was measured. The predicted and measured values of the neural network model were compared to verify its predictive ability and generalisability. The results showed that when predicting the colour by the mixing ratios, the colour difference between the predicted and measured samples ranged from 1.5 to 3.4, with an average of 2.4; and when forecasting the mixing ratios by the colour, the colour difference ranged from 0.8 to 5.6, with an average of 2.4.
The emperor has no clothes: A systemic view of the status and future of child custody evaluation (CCE)
Authors: Garber Benjamin D.
Published: September 2023

For all of the time, effort, and money invested in child custody evaluation (CCE) and for all of evaluators' emphases on collecting empirically sound data, CCE is not itself an empirically robust process. The reliability, validity, efficacy, and efficiency of CCE has never yet been adequately demonstrated. The science has yet even to define and measure the variables that constitute a healthy family, much less how one is to measure and recommend changes for conflicted systems in the midst of tectonic transitions. This article proposes five ways in which family law professionals and the culture at large should work to better serve the needs of our children: (1) the establishment of proactive parenting and co‐parenting education intended to diminish the frequency and magnitude of family conflict and improve the quality of child and family functioning; (2) the introduction of organized incentives that motivate healthy parenting and co‐parenting practices as opposed to negative consequences that do too‐little, too‐late; (3) a greater emphasis on social equity, cultural humility, and universal professional training; (4) the creation of ethical guidelines that disconnect continuing conflict from professional income; and (5) outcome research that feeds back into the evolution of these and related processes.
RETRACTED: Relationship between body mass index and mortality of burns patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐dolaimy F. , Abdul‐Reda Hussein Uday , Hadi Kzar Mazin , Saud Abdulnaser , Abed Jawad Mohammed , Yaseen Hasan Saif , Alhassan Muataz S. , Hussien Alawadi Ahmed , Alsaalamy Ali , Farzan Ramyar
Published: September 2023

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality of burn patients. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Body mass index”, “Burns” and “Mortality” from the earliest to the April 1, 2023. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). Finally, six articles were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. A total of 16 154 burn patients participated in six studies. Their mean age was 46.32 (SD = 1.99). Of the participants, 71.7% were males. The mean length of hospitalization was 18.80 (SD = 8.08) days, and the average TBSA in burn patients was 38.32 (SD = 2.79) %. Also, the average BMI in burn patients was 27.10 (SD = 1.75). Results found mortality in patients with abnormal BMI (overweight to morbidity BMI) was 0.19 more than normal BMI (ES: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.76–1.87, Z = 0.75, I2: 71.8%, p = 0.45). Results of linear dose–response showed each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 5% increase in mortality that was marginally significant (ES: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.11, Z = 1.99, I2: 22.2%, p = 0.047). There was a non‐linear relationship between levels of BMI and mortality (Prob > χ2 = 0.02). There was an increase in mortality from percentile 10 to 50, although it was not significant (Correlational coefficient: 0.01, p = 0.85). Also, there was an increase in mortality rate from percentile 50 to 90 that was statistically significant (correlational coefficient: 0.06, p = 0.047). Finally, the results of the study indicated BMI can increase the chance of mortality by 0.19, although it was not significant. As a result, more studies are needed to better judge the relationship between BMI and mortality in burn victims.
Basin‐scale variables drive macroinvertebrate biomass in low‐order streams across different mountain ecoregions
Authors: Burgazzi Gemma , Laini Alex , Viaroli Pierluigi , Fenoglio Stefano , Schreiner Verena C. , Schäfer Ralf B. , Doretto Alberto
Published: September 2023

Aim

Biomass is an important descriptor of macroinvertebrate communities, providing insights into stream productivity and ecosystem functioning. Nevertheless, the drivers of biomass are still poorly assessed, especially in multiscale studies. Here, we aimed at filling this gap by assessing the relationship between environmental variables measured at patch, reach and basin scale and macroinvertebrate biomass, as well as the transferability of such relationships across different mountain regions.

Location

Maritime‐Cottian Alps and the Tuscan‐Emilian Apennine (Northern Italy).

Taxa

Freshwater macroinvertebrates.

Methods

Patch‐, reach‐ and basin‐scale variables, either measured in the field or computed with kriging techniques, were summarised with sparse principal component axes and later used in mixed modelling and variance partitioning to assess the relative effect of environmental variables on macroinvertebrate biomass. An independent model was run for each region, and results were compared to assess the transferability of drivers.

Results

Basin‐scale variables explained most of the biomass variability in both regions, supporting the transferability of results. More specifically, mean cumulated daily precipitation was the main driver of macroinvertebrate biomass. Patch‐ and reach‐scale variables also significantly affected macroinvertebrate biomass, but their relative role varied depending on the region considered, without any clear pattern.

Main Conclusions

Overall, we highlighted a dominance of basin‐scale drivers—and specifically of the mean cumulated precipitation—and a consistency of results across different mountain regions. This implies that climatic variables regulate energy fluxes to higher trophic levels and subsidies to both downstream river sections and terrestrial ecosystems. These findings offer insights into ecosystem‐level vulnerability to climate change.
Effects of early exercise on cardiac function and lipid metabolism pathway in heart failure
Authors: de Souza Sérgio Luiz Borges , Mota Gustavo Augusto Ferreira , da Silva Vitor Loureiro , Vileigas Danielle Fernandes , Sant'Ana Paula Grippa , Gregolin Cristina Schmitt , Figueira Rebeca Lopes , Batah Sabrina Setembre , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Murata Gilson Masahiro , Bazan Silmeia Garcia Zanati , Okoshi Marina Politi , Cicogna Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2023

We employed an early training exercise program, immediately after recovery from surgery, and before severe cardiac hypertrophy, to study the underlying mechanism involved with the amelioration of cardiac dysfunction in aortic stenosis (AS) rats. As ET induces angiogenesis and oxygen support, we aimed to verify the effect of exercise on myocardial lipid metabolism disturbance. Wistar rats were divided into Sham, trained Sham (ShamT), AS and trained AS (AST). The exercise consisted of 5‐week sessions of treadmill running for 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted by anova or Kruskal–Wallis test and Goodman test. A global correlation between variables was also performed using a two‐tailed Pearson's correlation test. AST rats displayed a higher functional capacity and a lower cardiac remodelling and dysfunction when compared to AS, as well as the myocardial capillary rarefaction was prevented. Regarding metabolic properties, immunoblotting and enzymatic assay raised beneficial effects of exercise on fatty acid transport and oxidation pathways. The correlation assessment indicated a positive correlation between variables of angiogenesis and FA utilisation, as well as between metabolism and echocardiographic parameters. In conclusion, early exercise improves exercise tolerance and attenuates cardiac structural and functional remodelling. In parallel, exercise attenuated myocardial capillary and lipid metabolism derangement in rats with aortic stenosis‐induced heart failure.
Different momentum effects across countries: An explanation based on investors' behavior
Authors: Xia Guoxiao , Hu Changsheng , Xia Huosong , Chi Yangchun
Published: September 2023

We establish a model in which speculators use feedback trading characteristics to infer the behavior of irrational investors and induce them to trade. We also discuss the stability and time series of asset prices. Our results show that: (1) speculators have speculation and arbitrage demands and make “noise” to induce irrational investors to trade, (2) the time series of asset prices show stable momentum and a reversal effect when fundamental traders dominate the market, and (3) momentums are unstable and perform poorly under extreme circumstances. Our article offers a unique approach to understanding the micro mechanism of different momentum effects in various markets and suggests a plausible theoretical framework to illustrate such differences.
Voltage‐gated sodium channels in genetic epilepsy: up and down of excitability
Authors: Rusina Evgeniia , Simonti Martina , Duprat Fabrice , Cestèle Sandrine , Mantegazza Massimo
Published: September 2023

The past two decades have witnessed a wide range of studies investigating genetic variants of voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channels, which are involved in a broad spectrum of diseases, including several types of epilepsy. We have reviewed here phenotypes and pathological mechanisms of genetic epilepsies caused by variants in NaV α and β subunits, as well as of some relevant interacting proteins (FGF12/FHF1, PRRT2, and Ankyrin‐G). Notably, variants of all these genes can induce either gain‐ or loss‐of‐function of NaV leading to either neuronal hyperexcitability or hypoexcitability. We present the results of functional studies obtained with different experimental models, highlighting that they should be interpreted considering the features of the experimental system used. These systems are models, but they have allowed us to better understand pathophysiological issues, ameliorate diagnostics, orientate genetic counseling, and select/develop therapies within a precision medicine framework. These studies have also allowed us to gain insights into the physiological roles of different NaV channels and of the cells that express them. Overall, our review shows the progress that has been made, but also the need for further studies on aspects that have not yet been clarified. Finally, we conclude by highlighting some significant themes of general interest that can be gleaned from the results of the work of the last two decades.

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Comparison and improvement of RNA extraction methods in Sargassum (Phaeophyta)
Authors: He Weiling , Ke Xiao , Li Tangcheng , Wu Yuming , Tang Xianming , Chen Weizhou , Liu Tao , Du Hong
Published: September 2023

Sargassum (Sargassaceae) is widely distributed globally and plays an important role in regulating climate change, but the landscape of genomes and transcripts is less known. High‐quality nucleic acids are the basis for molecular biology experiments such as high‐throughput sequencing. Although extensive studies have documented methods of RNA extraction, these methods are not very applicable to Sargassum, which contains high levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. To find a suitable method to improve the quality of RNA extracted, we compared and modified several popular RNA extraction methods and screened one practical method with three specific Sargassum spp. The results showed that three CTAB methods (denoted as Methods 1, 2, and 3) and the RNAprep Pure Plant Kit (denoted as Method 4) could, with slight modifications, effectively isolate RNA from Sargassum species, except for Method 4 used with S. fusiforme. By performing further screening, we determined Method 4 was the best choice for S. hemiphyllum and S. henslowianum, as revealed by RNA yields, RNA Integrity Number (RIN), extraction time, and unigene mapped ratio. For S. fusiforme, Methods 1, 2, and 3 showed no obvious differences among the yields, quality, or time to perform. In addition, one other method was tested, but we found the quality of the RNA extracted by TRIzol reagent methods (denoted as Method 5) performed the worst when compared with the above four methods. Therefore, our study provides four suitable methods for RNA extraction in Sargassum and is essential for future genetic exploration of Sargassum.
Personality and insomnia: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Akram Umair , Stevenson Jodie C. , Gardani Maria , Allen Sarah , Johann Anna F.
Published: September 2023

The inherent nature of personality serves as a predisposing, and possible maintaining, factor of insomnia. However, methodological differences limit the ability to draw causal conclusions regarding the specific traits involved in the aetiology of the disorder. This systematic review of the relationship between insomnia and personality provides a narrative synthesis of the literature to date. Here, we identified N = 76 studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The outcomes reliably evidenced the experience of insomnia to be associated with personality traits that are typically considered to be negative or maladaptive in nature. More specifically, insomnia was related to neuroticism, introversion, perfectionistic doubts and concerns, elevated personal standards, negative affect, social inhibition and avoidance, hysteria, hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, impulsive behaviour, anger, hostility, and psychopathic tendencies, schizotypal and borderline traits, reduced conscientiousness and self‐directedness, and negatively perceived perception of the self. Several studies examined the role that personality plays in predicting the treatment efficacy and adherence of CBTi. Moving forward, longitudinal research, methodological consistency, the mediating role of treatment outcomes and adherence, and clinical and population representative samples should be prioritised. Methodological strengths and limitations of the literature are discussed alongside the next steps that should be taken to advance our understanding of the literature.
Broncho‐Vaxom bacterial lysate prevents asthma via acetate enhancement in mouse model
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hwa , Kim Ha‐Jung , Lee So‐Yeon , Hong Soo‐Jong
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Broncho‐Vaxom (BV) is known to attenuate allergic airway inflammation and chronic bronchitis in humans, but the underlying mechanism of this gut‐mediated immunity remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of an oral BV on gut and systemic short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immune responses.

Methods

Oral BV was administered daily for 15 days prior to commencing the study in an asthma mouse model. Asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by a challenge with 1% OVA by inhalation. Asthmatic phenotypes, gut‐ and systemic‐ immune responses, and SCFAs in the cecum and blood were then investigated.

Results

Airway hyperresponsiveness, total immunoglobulin E production, and pulmonary inflammation were all significantly suppressed by BV. The interleukin‐13 level was also suppressed, whereas TGF‐β expression was increased, in the lungs of the BV‐treated mice. The regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers were increased in the small intestine, and the acetate level was increased in the cecum and serum after BV treatment. The levels of acetate in the cecum and serum were negatively correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness and with the eosinophil numbers in the BAL fluid of the OVA‐induced mice. There was a positive correlation between the acetate levels in the feces and serum and the lung expression of TGF‐β in the asthma mice.

Conclusions

Oral BV administration appears to prevent allergic inflammation by enhancing Treg cell proliferation and acetate production in an asthmatic mouse model.
Exceptional and banal constructions of British muslims in Grenfell: Social boundaries, twitter, superdiversity and online vernacular memory
Authors: Downing Joseph
Published: September 2023

The Grenfell fire catapulted North Kensington into the spotlight, an area both synonymous with immigration and social policy innovation for over a century. However, it remains under examined how this extraordinary event re‐defined the discursive landscape around British Muslims and how they have been situated in the national landscape. To do this it analyses the twitter activity in the 96 hours after the fire and also the victim profiles published in the Guardian Newspaper. It finds that the narratives that emerge blur British Muslim social boundaries through narratives both around the exceptional and banal narratives which emerged during and after the fire. This constructs British Muslims as both saviours during Grenfell, and also as a super‐diverse population that resists topologizing as pre‐dominantly South Asain. This article also raises broader questions about the not only the role that social media has in the creation of vernacular memory, and also that in this case twitter was importantly not a conduit for the fake news and hate speech created against British Muslims during Grenfell.
Me, My Track and Society: How Track Identification Affects the Relationship between General Self‐Esteem and Perceived Public Track Status
Authors: Dekeyser Lorenz , Van Houtte Mieke , Maene Charlotte , Stevens Peter A. J.
Published: September 2023

Prior research has demonstrated the adverse effects of ability grouping (here tracking) on a broad range of outcomes for secondary school students, including their self‐esteem. A recent line of study focuses on the importance of track identities in understanding how ability grouping impacts students. This study builds on these findings by investigating the role of public track regard and chauvinistic track identification on the relationship between track membership and general self‐esteem. Multilevel modeling of school survey data collected from 4,540 third‐year high school students from 64 schools in Belgium shows that students' public track regard correlates positively with their general self‐esteem. In addition, while students' chauvinistic track identification does not protect against societal judgment, it does associate with general self‐esteem. The type of chauvinism, either social or cognitive, that correlates with self‐esteem is track‐dependent. The conclusions discuss the implications of these findings for research and social policy.
International trade and Ukraine's pursuit of self‐determination
Authors: Boyko Natalia , Nes Kjersti , Schaefer K. Aleks
Published: September 2023

In this research, we assess the international trade implications of Ukraine's pursuit of self‐determination through the lens of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement and the contemporaneous war with Russia in the years preceding the 2022 Russian Invasion. To do so, we construct a dataset with annual, bilateral export and import flows for Ukraine and a set of comparator countries at the 6‐digit level of the Harmonised Tariff Schedule (HS) for years 2000–2019. Using this data, we nest a difference‐in‐difference design within a series of econometric gravity models to estimate the effects on the sectoral and geographic composition of Ukrainian trade. Our results indicate a major re‐direction of exports towards the EU and away from Russia. Trade outcomes are one of many considerations that led to Ukraine's pursuit of EU integration.
Inflation Threshold in the Context of Structural Breaks: Evidence from Egypt Using the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression Approach
Authors: Maher Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The disparities in structure and nature of developing economies, in terms of their level of development, yield mixed results on the linear/nonlinear relationship between inflation and real GDP (i.e., the inflation threshold), which should be revisited. No study examined the effects of inflation on real GDP in Egypt, particularly after the 2011 revolution and the November 2016 exchange rate floating. This study empirically investigates the inflation threshold in Egypt over the period 1976-2019. In other words, it seeks to determine the optimal level of an inflation rate such that beyond it, inflation becomes a destructive element to economic growth. To this end, the logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) has been performed. Considering structural breaks, this study checked the stationarity of the variables with the Kapetanios unit root test. Results of the LSTR technique highlight a statistically significant positive relationship between inflation and GDP growth in the lower regime at 9.32%. Beyond this threshold, inflation harms GDP growth, indicating an asymmetric relationship between the two variables. Such a specified estimated inflation threshold could assist monetary authorities in setting their inflation target to be below that threshold. This study recommends that policymakers restrict inflation and keep it below the estimated threshold, considering that inflation in the Egyptian economy is derived from the aggregate supply, demand factors and the production apparatus's inelasticity.