bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational and Economic Conditions of Development and Components of Market Success of Enterprises in the Context of Digitalization, Innovation and Socialization of the National Economy
Authors: Kraus Kateryna M. ,   Cherkasy National University named after B. Khmelnitsky, Kraus Nataliia M. ,   Cherkasy National University named after B. Khmelnitsky
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to study the organizational and economic conditions of development and the components of market success of enterprises in the context of digitalization of the economy on the basis of the computed impact of significant attributes on the market success of different types of economic entities (large, medium, small and micro enterprises) in 2010 and 2022 using a multi-attribute model. The authors present the dynamics of changes in the market success of different types of economic entities in 2010–2022 under the influence of significant attributes according to the multi-attribute model. The article analyzes the current state of digital transformation in the context of regions of Ukraine. In 2023, we have a group of regions in which digital transformation has slowed down, namely: Sumy (?0.356), Zaporizhzhia (?0.081), Kherson (?0.184), Donetsk (?0.11), Odesa (?0.051), Cherkasy (?0.044) regions. Digitalization accelerated in Lviv (?0.092), Volyn (?0.111), Kyiv (?0.096), and Khmelnytskyi (?0.01) regions. Pursuing the goal of digital transformation of business processes in enterprises, there should be no gaps in innovation, as digital technologies are developing much faster than the government and public institutions can define and present policies to regulate digital technologies and use the benefits that technology brings to enterprises, businesses, individuals. The relevance of digitalization of the economy is substantiated. Digital business must become socialized due to flexibility to the needs of the client, quick response to his requests. A modern virtual business must be ready to produce goods and provide not only «today for tomorrow», but also «today for today» services. It is proposed to include the development of a new product and the expansion of the customer base to the effective organizational and economic conditions of business adaptation in the face of modern challenges. For a digital enterprise, expand the line of digital services to retain established customers but provide them with a wider range of digital services. The authors take the position that it is necessary to expand virtual business opportunities, namely the search for new markets through work on digital online platforms with round-the-clock consultations of managers.
Strengthening the Motivation of Staff as a Factor of Enterprise Competitiveness
Authors: Mahsma Mariya B. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetma
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of the functioning of the system of motivation of staff on the example of a production enterprise and to outline the directions of its improvement in the context of increasing the competitiveness of enterprise. The article analyzes the current state of staff motivation on the example of a leading Ukrainian company specializing in the trade of furniture components and accessories. In the course of the analysis, it has been found that over the past three years, the motivational system of enterprise has remained sufficiently balanced and generally satisfies the basic needs of employees. The company uses a wide range of financial motivation instruments, which includes competitive wages, a bonus system, providing production personnel with summer and winter overalls, paying for mobile communications, compensation for fuel costs when using own cars for work purposes, etc. Common measures of non-financial motivation of production enterprises are the functioning of corporate universities and libraries, career development of employees, support for employees serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, sports events, and so on. Despite a fairly effective system of motivation, some of its weaknesses have been identified as follows: in particular, a low share of additional wages, an insufficiently competitive social package of the company, which contains only basic elements, imperfection of non-material motivation, insufficient individualization of motivation, etc. In modern wartime conditions, measures to improve non-financial motivation can become effective motivation instruments, such as: the introduction of the «Best Employee of the Month / Quarter / Year» programs, recognition of employees’ merits by awarding certificates of honor, letters of gratitude, valuable gifts, holding rallying events, creating a psychological service to support the mental health of staff.
Modeling the Impact of Digitalization Factors on the Economic Development of Countries Around the World
Authors: Khaustova Viktoriia Ye. ,   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Kriachko Yevhen M. , Bondarenko Dmytro V. ,   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine,   Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article determines that digitalization as a trend in the development of the global economy manifests itself to different degrees, although the place of each country in the world community depends on the degree of impact of digitalization on the national economic and social environment. Studies of the impact of digitalization on the development of countries’ economies are extremely relevant, as digital technologies are becoming a central element of modern economic development, affecting the productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of countries at the global level. The aim of the article is to build a model of the impact of digitalization factors on the economic development of the countries of the world using the cognitive approach. For this purpose, an appropriate methodical approach has been proposed and its approbation has been carried out. The world ranking indices for assessing the level of digitalization were used as indicators of digitalization, and the indicators of the development of the economies of the world countries were used the indicators characterizing GDP, gross value added, employment, production and trade in goods and services of ICT and computer communications. The World Bank’s World Development Indicators were used as a statistical information base. On the basis of the developed methodical approach, a cognitive model of the impact of digitalization factors on the economic development of the world countries has been built, the ties between the factors have been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn about the interdependencies between them. It is determined that an effective strategy for managing digitalization processes to increase the development of the country’s economy should include the development of innovative potential through the support of research and innovative start-ups, the expansion of digital infrastructure, especially in the field of telecommunications and mobile connectivity, increasing readiness for the introduction of new technologies through educational programs and training of qualified personnel, and the development of e-governance to ensure broad access to digital public services. Such measures will contribute to increasing productivity and growth of added value in production and services, which will lead to GDP growth, ensuring sustainable economic growth and quality of life of the country’s population.
Aspects of Integrating Renewable Distributed Generation Into the Energy Supply System of Ukraine
Authors: Kostenko Ganna P. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zaporozhets Artur O. , Zaporozhets Nadiia V. , Verpeta Vladyslav O. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   Public organization «Center for Social Research»,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the strategic and practical aspects of integrating renewable distributed generation into the energy supply system of Ukraine, which faces challenges related to increasing the reliability, safety, and efficiency of the energy system in the context of global decarbonization trends and military threats. The key role of distributed renewable energy generation in increasing the stability of the energy system and reducing dependence on centralized energy sources has been established. An analysis of world experience has been carried out, which emphasizes the economic benefit and increased flexibility in the management of energy resources due to the implementation of distributed generation. Examples of successful implementation of distributed renewable energy generation projects in different countries and analysis of the potential for the development of renewable energy sources in Ukraine, in particular, solar, wind and small hydropower, are given. The completed review allows to draw a conclusion about the need for an integrated approach to the development of distributed renewable energy generation. Special attention is paid to the study of technical, economic, legal and regulatory aspects that determine opportunities and limitations for attracting investments in distributed renewable energy. Emphasis is also placed on the need to develop and implement innovative management systems and the latest technological solutions that will allow maximum use of the potential of distributed generation to ensure reliable, safe and efficient operation of the power system. Aspects of integration of energy storage systems are taken into account, allowing to smooth out peak loads and ensure the stability of system operation. It was concluded that it is necessary to improve financial support mechanisms that stimulate the development of small producers of electricity from renewable energy sources. Particular attention is paid to the study of international experience and its adaptation to Ukrainian realities, which allows to take into account the specifics of the national energy market and maximizing the effectiveness of the introduction of the latest technologies.
Quality of Student–Faculty Interactions, Persistence, and the Mediating Role of Student Satisfaction
Authors: Loes Chad N. , An Brian P. , Trolian Teniell L.
Published: July 2024

Rising student attrition, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in increased calls for higher education officials to better understand factors associated with increasing persistence rates, especially from the first- to second year of college. Though many studies have documented the influence of the frequency of student–faculty interactions on student persistence, less research has focused on the quality of those interactions, including potential mediating influences. To address these issues, this study used longitudinal data from 8,475 students among 44 four-year institutions to explore whether the quality of student–faculty interactions influences student persistence and whether student satisfaction mediates this relationship. Guided by theoretical models of persistence, we found that even in the presence of a range of potential confounders, students’ perceived quality of student–faculty interactions increased the odds of persistence to the second year of college. Furthermore, results from a Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) decomposition analysis suggest this relationship occurred indirectly through students’ satisfaction with the overall college experience.
Exploring the Higher-Level Leadership Inside the Student Affairs Department at International Universities in Europe
Authors: Karpishyna Karyna , Babarskienė Jurgita , Motiejūnė Miglė
Published: July 2024

Student Affairs divisions at universities experience the highest number of turnover in Human Resources: people come to work and do not stay more than a year in their job positions due to burnout, overload of responsibilities, and insufficient resources. Considering that Student Affairs` leadership is hierarchical, Student Deans and Department Directors are often overlooked as people who might experience similar feelings as other workers in the division. There is no research about the experiences of higher-level leaders in Student Affairs. Therefore the main question of this qualitative study was, “What does it mean to be a department head?” In this study, five higher-level leaders in Student Affairs at International Universities in Europe answered a few questions about their meaning, experiences, and desirable changes that they need in their position during the semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis was used to code the interviews and converge the codes in themes and subthemes. As a result, five themes emerged and included: meaning, responsibility, relationship, mental health, and changes. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of the experience and needs of workers in higher-level leadership positions in Student Affairs to increase the retention rates at Student Affairs. Considering the constantly changing nature of things in Student Affairs, research that includes more universities across Europe is needed to identify and address the needs of professionals specifically in Student Affairs at International Universities.
Some Properties of the Optimal Decomposition Conditions for the Single Machine Tardiness Problem
Authors: Naidu Jaideep T.
Published: July 2024

We consider the well-known optimal decomposition algorithm for the tardiness problem. The algorithm presents conditions which determine the positions a job could occupy in an optimal sequence. This resulted in optimal solutions for up to 100 jobs. We analyze these conditions and present simplified conditions. We then study a more recent Rule which when combined with these conditions resulted in optimal solutions for up to 500 jobs. We present several properties under which this recent rule is satisfied. We provide mathematical proofs for our properties. We believe that our study will enable more theoretical research in this field and will eventually enable optimal solutions for very large job sets.
Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region: causes and consequences
Authors: Hasanov Hasan Arif , Iskandarov Khayal , Gawliczek Piotr
Published: July 2024

Purpose: is to discuss the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region.
Method: comparative analysis, and synthesis.
Findings: Azerbaijan is one of few countries which successfully waged a full-scale war against Armenia in order to restore its territorial integrity and conducted impeccable counterterrorism operation of the local nature against illegal armed groups in Karabakh region in order to eliminate separatism and ensure its sovereignty over liberated territories. A set of principles is usually followed to conduct counterterrorism operations, which are intricate and multidimensional, with the goal of efficiently fighting terrorist threats while minimizing collateral harm and safeguarding human rights. All principles of counterterrorism operation were met and Azerbaijan eliminated separatism once and for all and ensured its sovereignty over the liberated territories. What makes this operation different from many operations of the same nature, is that a long-term approach – one of the most important principles of the counterterrorism operations has been applied, where the immediate security concerns were eradicated, the source of separatism was isolated, the ideological extremism was dispelled, the promotion of stability was ensured, left no reason for foreign troops (so-called Russian peacekeepers) to stay in its territory.
Theoretical implications: The paper enhances our understanding of key concepts of counterterrorism operations in general and provides new insights for understanding the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation. The results obtained in the study have broader implications for national security strategies in pursuit of eradicating the similar problems in different contexts.
Practical implications: Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation is a typical example for the nations suffering from the same problem. Applying different aspects of this operation as depicted in the paper would definitely contribute to the adjustment of tactics and techniques, reallocation of resources, effective application of new technologies by the nations to eliminate the separatism within their internationally recognized territories.
Value: The study presents Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation as a model for eradicating the problems of the same nature in pursuit of peace and stability in different regions, delineates the principles of the counterterrorism operations and explains them in the example of the operation conducted by Azerbaijan Armed Forces.
Paper type: theoretical.
Виявлення базових вимог до портфельного управління в оборонній сфері провідних країн-членів НАТО
Authors: Tkach Mykola , Medynska Ganna , Hrytsyuk Yurii , Gibalo Kostiantyn
Published: July 2024

Мета роботи: окреслення базових вимог до портфельного управління в оборонній сфері провідних країн-членів НАТО.
Метод дослідження: для реалізації мети дослідження здійснено вибір критеріїв порівняння та зроблено їх порівняльний аналіз для подальших досліджень, враховуючи надбання попередніх дослідників та викликів сьогодення.
Результати дослідження: шляхом здійснення аналізу існуючих підходів до портфельного управління провідних країн світу з’ясовано основні переваги та вигоди даного методу. Сформовано пропозиції щодо впровадження портфельного управління в силах оборони України.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: результати дослідження доповнюють вже існуючі теоретичні дослідження в системі оборонного менеджменту, а також дозволили сформувати ключові вимоги до портфельного управління в сфері оборони.
Практична цінність дослідження: в межах дослідження наведені механізми запровадження портфельного управління в оборонній сфери з урахуванням базових вимог до портфельного управління в провідних країнах-членах НАТО.
Оригінальність/Цінність дослідження: в даному дослідженні наведений досвід провідних країн-членів НАТО щодо базових вимог до портфельного управління.
Майбутні дослідження: обмеження дослідження полягає у використанні джерел, що знаходяться у відкритому доступі. Майбутні дослідження будуть спрямовані розробку методології портфельного управління з розвитку спроможностей сил оборони України.
Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.
Роль безконтактних війн у сучасній системі глобальної безпеки: український досвід
Authors: Semenenko Oleh , Kliat Yurii , Ostrovskyi Serhii , Tsarynnyk Viktor , Remez Volodymyr , Momot Dmytro
Published: July 2024

Мета роботи: аналіз сучасних тенденцій, перспектив безконтактних війн на основі визначених стратегій і технологій їх ведення в сучасному геополітичному просторі.
Метод дослідження: аналіз; синтез; порівняння; формалізація та експертне оцінювання; абстрагування та кон’юнктурний аналізу (мислення).
Практична цінність дослідження: визначено основні фактори, які обумовлюють необхідність розвитку та впровадження стратегії безконтактних війн; узагальнено основні визначення терміну “безконтактна війна”; визначено перспективи та напрями реалізації технологій безконтактної війни у сучасному геополітичному середовищі; узагальнено основні стратегії ведення безконтактної війни; сформовано основні характеристики впливу тенденцій безконтактних війн на глобальну безпеку.
Майбутні дослідження: подальші дослідження слід спрямувати на глибокий аналіз сучасних стратегій безконтактної війни, зокрема розвитку кібератак, електронної боротьби, інформаційної війни, використання автономних систем та розвідувальних дронів, а також оцінювання ефективності цих стратегій у сучасних геополітичних конфліктах та їхній вплив на міжнародні відносини.
Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.
Genomic biomarkers to predict response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from the IMbrave150 trial
Authors: Yim Sun Young , Lee Sung Hwan , Baek Seung-Woo , Sohn Bohwa , Jeong Yun Seong , Kang Sang-Hee , Park Kena , Park Hyewon , Lee Sunyoung S. , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Park Young Nyun , Leem Sun-Hee , Curran Michael A. , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Ju-Seog
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims: Combination immunotherapy, exemplified by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, has become the standard of care for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the lack of predictive biomarkers and limited understanding of response mechanisms remain a challenge.Methods: Using data from the IMbrave150plus cohort, we applied an immune signature score (ISS) predictor to stratify HCC patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or with sorafenib alone into potential high and low response groups. By applying multiple statistical approaches including a Bayesian covariate prediction algorithm, we refined the signature to 10 key genes (ISS10) for clinical use while maintaining similar predictive power to the full model. We further validated ISS10 in an independent HCC cohort treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab.Results: The study identified a significant association between the ISS and treatment response. Among patients classified as high responders, those treated with the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival as well as better objective response rate compared to those treated with sorafenib. We also observed a significant correlation between ISS10 and response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment. Analysis of immune cell subpopulations revealed distinct characteristics associated with ISS subtypes. In particular, the ISS10 high subtype displayed a more favorable immune environment with higher proportions of antitumor macrophages and activated T-cells, potentially explaining its better response.Conclusions: Our study suggests that ISS and ISS10 are promising predictive biomarkers for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in HCC patients undergoing combination immunotherapy. These markers are crucial for refining patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches to advance the effectiveness of standard-of-care regimens.
Proinflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: dynamics against therapy with Janus kinase and interleukin 6 inhibitors
Authors: Baranov A. A. , Lapkina N. A. , Leontyeva E. A. , Karateev A. E. , Kolinyko A. A. , Pavluchkov A. P. , Artyuhov A. S. , Gorohov I. A.
Published: July 2024

Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and synovial fluid plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. JAK inhibitors and bDMARD are aimed at suppressing various pathological reactions caused by them.

The aim of the study. To determine the effect of therapy with JAK and IL-6 inhibitors on the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in RA patients in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with a reliable diagnosis of RA, advanced stage of disease, with moderate or high RA activity and ineffectiveness of previous therapy with csDMARD or bDMARD for at least 6 months. 10 patients received TOFA at a dose of 5 mg twice daily 10 received UPA at a dose of 15 mg once daily and 10 were on OKZ therapy at a dose of 64 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. Studies were performed before treatment, after 3 and 6 months of therapy. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, TNF-α in serum were investigated using multiplex xMAR technology on Bio-PlexTM 200 System analyser (BIO-RAD, USA).

Results. In all groups of patients after 3 and 6 months from the start of therapy, there was a significant decrease in the RA activity index compared to baseline values. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-23 did not change significantly during treatment with any of the drugs. IL-6 values on TOFA background significantly decreased after 3 and 6 months of follow-up compared to the baseline level. UPA therapy had no effect on IL-6 level during the whole observation period, and against the background of OKZ application its values significantly increased after 3 months, and after 6 months – decreased, remaining higher than the initial values. The concentration of IL-31 after 3 months of TOFA treatment significantly decreased (respectively: 6.95 (3.85; 17.72) pg/ml and 3.00 (1.50; 3.85) pg/ml, p<0.05), and after 6 months – increased, but remained lower than baseline (5.09 (3.85; 6.33) pg/ml, p<0.05). IL-33 level on the background of UPA decreased and after 6 months was significantly lower than baseline (1.11 (0.86; 3.95) pg/ ml; 1.05 (0.37; 3.95) and 0.37 (0.12; 1.23) pg/ml, p<0.05). The concentration of INF-γ after 3 and 6 months of TOFA administration decreased significantly compared to the start of therapy (2.05 (1.48; 3.19) pg/ml; 0.99 (0.49; 2.05) pg/ml and 0.99 (0.49; 2.62) pg/ml, p<0.05). Treatment with OKZ resulted in increased TNF-α levels after 6 months compared to baseline values of 0.79 (0.41; 0.98) pg/ml and 1.23 (0.67; 2.06) pg/ml, p<0.05.

Conclusions. The use of TOFA, UPA and OKZ in RA patients has a positive effect on disease activity, but has different effects on the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum.
Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis with eye manifestations (clinical case report)
Authors: Akulova A. I. , Avakian A. R. , Dolishniaia G. R. , Nikitina N. М.
Published: July 2024

Objective. Rheumatoid Arthritis may onset with ocular manifestations. The purpose of our work was presentation of clinical case of the onset of rheumatoid arthritis with an eye lesion.

Materials and methods. A clinical case of rheumatoid arthritis with an atypical onset was analyzed. As well, a search and review of relevant literature was performed.

Results. Patient with rheumatoid arthritis got bilateral ulcerous keratitis, refractory to conventional treatment and complicated by bilateral corneal perforation with iris prolapse. Due to the atypical clinical course of ophthalmic lesions being insusceptible of medical treatment, the patient was examined further. Laboratory immunological workup revealed positive rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP and anti-MCV antibodies. The typical symmetric presentation of arthritis developed 8 months after the onset of ophthalmic disorders. Baseline therapy of rheumatoid arthritis has demonstrated efficacy both in controlling the joint manifestations and preventing relapse of keratitis.

Conclusion. The development of eye syndrome may precede articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. While managing patients with recurrent bilateral keratitis, rheumatologic pathology should be suspected.
Effectiveness of housing design features in malaria prevention: architects’ perspective
Authors: Chisumbe Sampa , Aigbavboa Clinton , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Mukeya Gideon
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This research aimed to assess housing design consideration features and architects’ perceptions of their effectiveness in malaria prevention. Previous studies have highlighted various architectural design elements that can reduce mosquito entry into homes, thus contributing to malaria prevention. This study aims to build on these insights by evaluating specific design features and gathering professional opinions on their effectiveness.

Methods: The methodological approach adopted was quantitative, with data collected using a structured questionnaire containing closed-ended questions and a checklist. The observation checklist was used to ascertain mosquito entry reduction features incorporated in 208 systematically selected houses in Garneton East, Kitwe, Zambia. Additionally, a structured questionnaire containing fourteen key design features identified from the literature was administered to 76 architects purposively sampled to establish their perceptions of the effectiveness of these design factors in malaria prevention. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that most houses needed to incorporate design features to reduce mosquito entry. The common features incorporated were ceilings (86.80%), screened air ventilation (59.80%), and window screens (54.40%). The use of window and door screens, as well as mosquito-repellent paint, were perceived as the most effective measures by the architects.

Discussion: The results suggest a keen awareness among architects regarding the efficacy of certain design features in malaria prevention. Despite this awareness, the implementation of these features in actual housing designs needs to be improved. This indicates a need for greater effort and adaptation in building regulations to promote the use of mosquito entry reduction features. Enhancing housing designs with these features can significantly reduce malaria morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is recommended that building regulations be updated to support and encourage the incorporation of mosquito entry reduction features in housing designs.
The sea urchin embryo and the cell stress responses: new perspectives
Authors: Deidda Irene , Russo Roberta , Lampiasi Nadia , Zito Francesca , Bonaventura Rosa
Published: July 2024

In addition to many industrial activities that release pollutants in coastal areas, numerous human behaviors contribute to climate change, inducing global warming, which can also reshape the environmental impacts of some pollutants. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop new tools that can detect pollutants and environmental changes quickly and easily with high levels of sensitivity. The sea urchin embryo is a well-known model used worldwide in many research fields, including marine ecotoxicology, as a huge range of contaminants can affect its embryonic development with species-specific sensitivity. Morphological abnormalities are already considered biomarkers to evaluate the effects of pollutants, and, indeed, the sea urchin has long been used as one of the key species in a battery of bioassays to assess the toxicity of many pollutants and dredged sediments. At the cellular level, the molecular mechanisms activated against a stress agent constitute what is known as the “cell stress response,” analyzed here within a whole organism, namely, the sea urchin embryo. In this minireview, we have reported the available molecular biomarkers linked to morphological abnormalities and the genes affected by environmental changes and emerging pollutants, highlighting those studies that use high-throughput screening approaches to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on sea urchin embryos.
The expression of immune response genes in patients with chronic Chagas disease is shifted toward the levels observed in healthy subjects as a result of treatment with Benznidazole
Authors: Gómez Inmaculada , Egui Adriana , Palacios Génesis , Carrilero Bartolomé , Benítez Celia , Simón Marina , Segovia Manuel , Carmelo Emma , López Manuel Carlos , Thomas M. Carmen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Chagas disease, caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite infection, is a potentially life-threatening neglected tropical disease with a worldwide distribution. During the chronic phase of the disease, there exists a fragile balance between the host immune response and parasite replication that keeps patients in a clinically-silent asymptomatic stage for years or even decades. However, in 40% of patients, the disease progresses to clinical manifestations mainly affecting and compromising the cardiac system. Treatment is recommended in the chronic phase, although there are no early markers of its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to identify differential expression changes in genes involved in the immune response in antigen-restimulated PBMC from chronic patients with Chagas disease due to benznidazole treatment.

Methods

Thus, high-throughput real-time qPCR analysis has been performed to simultaneously determine global changes in the expression of 106 genes involved in the immune response in asymptomatic (IND) and early cardiac manifestations (CCC I) Chagas disease patients pre- and post-treatment with benznidazole.

Results and discussion

The results revealed that 7 out of the 106 analyzed genes were differentially expressed (4 up- and 3 downregulated) after treatment in IND patients and 15 out of 106 (3 up- and 12 downregulated) after treatment of early cardiac Chagas disease patients. Particularly in CCC I patients, regulation of the expression level of some of these genes towards a level similar to that of healthy subjects suggests a beneficial effect of treatment and supports recommendation of benznidazole administration to early cardiac Chagas disease patients. The data obtained also demonstrated that both in asymptomatic patients and in early cardiac chronic patients, after treatment with benznidazole there is a negative regulation of the proinflammatory and cytotoxic responses triggered as a consequence of T. cruzi infection and the persistence of the parasite. This downregulation of the immune response likely prevents marked tissue damage and healing in early cardiac patients, suggesting its positive effect in controlling the pathology.
Management of complications associated with percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with or without ablation: experience from 512 cases over a 4-year period
Authors: Zou Qi , Jiang Cheng , Lin Pengyang , Yu Yangyang , Li Jiazheng , Zhao Feng , Hu Hao , Sun Shougang
Published: July 2024

Background

Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) serves as an alternative prophylactic strategy for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who cannot undergo anti-coagulation therapy. Proper management of associated complications is crucial to enhancing the procedure's success rate and mitigating perioperative risks and adverse events during follow-up.

Aims

This study aims to summarize our center's experience and strategies in managing procedural-related complications encountered in 512 cases of LAAC with or without ablation for AF conducted from January 2020 to December 2023.

Results

We identified 11 significant intervention-requiring complications associated with LAAC with or without Ablation procedure. These included three cases of intraoperative thrombosis, three instances of pericardial effusion or tamponade, one case of device-related thrombosis, one peri-device leak, one systemic embolism, one bleeding episode, and one additional device-related complication. The categorization of intraoperative thrombosis was as follows: one patient exhibited heparin resistance; one experienced thrombosis due to prolonged device implantation during the LAAC with ablation procedure; and one had unexplained intraoperative thrombosis. The pericardial effusion or tamponade likely resulted from damage to the atrial appendage during LAAC device insertion. Two patients encountered device-related thrombosis and systemic embolism events possibly caused by non-standard postoperative antithrombotic medication use; one patient's peri-device leak may have resulted from incomplete endothelialization of the occluder post-surgery; one patient experienced postoperative bladder bleeding; and one patient's device-related complications occurred due to a dislodged strut frame that damaged the left atrial appendage, leading to pericardial effusion. Our proactive interventions enabled all patients with these surgical-related complications to be safely discharged, with subsequent follow-ups showing no adverse events.

Conclusion

Implementing targeted interventions for immediate procedural-related complications during the LAAC with or without ablation procedures enhances procedural success rates, diminishes postoperative mortality and patient disability, and bolsters stroke prevention efforts. This approach underscores the importance of a strategic response to complications, affirming the procedure's viability and safety in managing non-valvular AF in patients contraindicated for anticoagulation.
Discovery of delayed gas production after implantation of a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device and a preliminary exploration of the mechanisms of its occurrence
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Zhang Yadong , Ma Hongbin , Wang Fenghua , Chen Ailin , Zhang Zhixiang , Wang Fan , Liu Tianwen , Zhang Jiemin , Liu Xiaocheng , Liu Zhigang
Published: July 2024

Objective

To characterize the gas production phenomenon in the animal model of left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and study its mechanism.

Methods

An in vitro bubble precipitation experiment was conducted, and the blood samples of Parma spp. animals were divided into ordinary group and oxygen-enriched group according to whether they were oxygenated or not at the time of blood collection, and a static control group was set up respectively. Blood gases were drawn and analyzed before and after the experiment. Activate the pump, and the number of air bubbles in the loop was measured by ultrasound at different rotational speeds; CFD was applied to simulate the flow field in the blood pump, and pressure, fluid velocity vector and shear force diagrams were plotted, and a thrombus model was constructed and the flow field was simulated and plotted as a cloud diagram.

Results

There was a statistical difference in the number of bubbles in the inflow and outflow tubes of the blood pump (P values of 0.04 and 0.023, respectively), and the number of bubbles in the outflow tubes of both groups was significantly higher than the number of bubbles in the inflow tubes. The number of bubbles in the tubes of both the oxygen-enriched and normal groups was significantly higher than that in the inflow group. In both the normal and oxygen-enriched groups, more gas was produced at higher speeds than at lower speeds. Blood gas analysis showed that the reduced gas composition in the blood was mainly oxygen. Flow field simulation results: the high rotation speed group had lower central pressure and greater scalar shear. The thrombus simulation group was more prone to turbulence, sudden pressure changes, and greater shear than the normal group.

Conclusion

Blood gas production is associated with higher partial pressures of blood oxygen, higher rotation speed, and intrapump thrombosis, and the mechanism of pump gas production is degassing of dissolved gases rather than cavitation of water, and the gas released is most likely to have oxygen. The degassing phenomenon is an warning factor for pump thrombosis.
The synergistic effect of the atherogenic index of plasma and hyperuricemia on the prediction of coronary chronic total occlusion lesion: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Han HongYa , Liu XiaoLi , Zhao Qi , Wang ZhiJian , Sun Yan , Ma Xiaoteng , Li MengChen , Ma HanYing , Liu YuYang , Shi DongMei , Cheng YuJing , Zhou YuJie
Published: July 2024

Background

The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and hyperuricemia (HUA) have been shown to be closely associated with morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease. However, studies targeting predictive value of AIP and HUA for chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are still lacking.

Methods

In total, 5,238 patients meeting the eligibility criteria were recruited in this analysis. CTO was defined as the condition of lesions without forward blood flow and with over three months of occlusion time. AIP was calculated as log10 [triglycerides (mmol/L)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)]. HUA was defined based on sex-specific criteria: serum uric acid 420 and 360 μmol/L for males and females, respectively.

Results

CTO lesions were presented in 907 (17.3%) patients. Compared with patients showing lower AIP levels and non-HUA, the CTO lesion risks increased by 5.225 and 2.765 times in patients with higher AIP levels and HUA. Patients with AIP >0.15 and HUA exhibited the greatest CTO incidence (odds ratio 11.491; 95% confidence interval 9.019–14.641, P < 0.001). In addition, AIP combined with HUA had significantly increased effects (a 38.5% increase in CTO risk) relative to the sum of respective effects.

Conclusion

Patients having higher AIP levels and HUA exhibited the highest CTO incidence, in comparison with patients who have the increased single index. AIP combined with HUA displayed significant synergistic effect on the prediction of CTO lesion.
Distinct association patterns of chemokine profile and cardiometabolic status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Špehar Uroić Anita , Filipović Maša , Šućur Alan , Kelava Tomislav , Kovačić Nataša , Grčević Danka
Published: July 2024

Objective

We compared peripheral blood (PBL) chemokine ligand/receptor profiles in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) or obesity (OB) (both involving inflammation and vascular complications) to identify their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Materials and methods

PBL samples from children and adolescents (12–18 years) included: healthy controls (n=29), patients with T1D (n=31) and OB subjects (n=34). Frequency of mononuclear cell populations and chemokine receptor expression (CCR2, CCR4, CXCR3, CXCR4) were determined by flow cytometry. Chemokine levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were measured by bead-based assay and CXCL12 by ELISA. Data were correlated with cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters.

Results

The proportion of CD14+ monocytes was higher in T1D, whereas the proportion of CD19+ B lymphocytes was higher and CD3+ T lymphocytes was lower in OB. The level of CCL2 was higher in T1D (241.0 (IQR 189.6–295.3) pg/mL in T1D vs 191.5 (IQR 158.0–254.7) pg/mL in control, p=0.033), CXCL11 was lower in OB (6.6 (IQR 4.9–7.7) pg/mL in OB vs 8.2 (IQR 6.9–11.3) pg/mL in control, p=0.018) and CXCL12 was lower in both diseases (2.0 (IQR 1.8–2.5) ng/mL in T1D, 2.1 (IQR 1.9–2.4) ng/mL in OB vs 2.4 (IQR 2.2–2.5) ng/mL in control, p=0.016). Numerous significant associations were found for chemokine ligand/receptor profiles and clinical data. Among these, we are suggesting the most important indicators of cardiometabolic risk in T1D: positive associations of CCR2+ monocytes with blood pressure and CCL12 levels with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), inverse association of CXCR3+ B lymphocytes with AST but positive with triglycerides; and OB: positive associations of CXCL12 levels with triglycerides and AST/ALT, inverse association of CCR4+ and CXCR3+ monocytes with ACR. Both diseases share positive associations for CCR4+ T lymphocytes and blood pressure, inverse associations of CXCR4+ subsets with ACR and CXCR3+ T lymphocytes with lipid profile.

Conclusion

Significantly changed chemokine ligand/receptor profiles were found in both T1D and OB even at a young age. Although different associations with cardiometabolic risk factors indicate disease-specific changes, overlapping pattern was found for the associations between CCR4+ T lymphocytes and vascular inflammation, CXCR4+ subsets and albuminuria as well as CXCR3+ T lymphocytes and dyslipidemia. Thus, chemokine axes might present potential therapeutic targets for disease-related morbidity.
Efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese formula Shengjiang powder combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhuofan , Liu Yingna , Qian Jiawen , Jiang Wenli , Cao Liqun , Li Zhiyu , Chen Hongbo , Liu Shan
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Shengjiang powder as a treatment for DKD.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in eight databases from their inception to December 30, 2023, to identify relevant RCTs. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of DKD and intervention including TCM that contained Shengjiang powder. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction, utilizing the Rob2 tool and GRADE to assess the quality of the RCTs. Meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 15.0.

Results

As a result of the search, 23 RCTs comprising 1,682 patients. The interventions resulted in significant reductions in all the assessed indicators: 24-h urinary protein, UAER, mALB, BUN, Scr, FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and Triglycerides. Together the results showed that Shengjiang powder, in conjunction with conventional therapy, is an effective treatment of DKD. Subgroup analyses, considering duration, stage, blood glucose control levels, baseline blood glucose levels, and baseline Scr levels indicated that shorter duration treatment had a greater effect on UAER, 2hPG, and HbA1c. Additionally, Shengjiang powder was more effective in reducing 24-h urinary protein, Scr, and 2hPG in stage IV patients compared to corresponding values at other stages. However, with respect to FBG, the treatment was more effective in stage II/III. Shengjiang powder also, reduced Scr levels significantly in patients with higher baseline Scr and reduced urinary protein excretion with stricter blood glucose control. The interventions had additional lipid-regulating effects in cases with looser blood glucose control and led to a remarkable reduction in BUN and Scr levels in patients with FBG > 11.1 mmol/L.

Conclusion

Shengjiang powder may supplement conventional therapy, thus benefiting DKD patients in terms of reducing urinary protein, stabilizing kidney function, and improving blood glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering the significant heterogeneity among studies and limited quality of some reports, our conclusions need to be further verified through analyses utilizing larger, multi-center samples of higher quality.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024490795.
Circulating CXCL9, monocyte percentage, albumin, and C-reactive protein as a potential, non-invasive, molecular signature of carotid artery disease in 65+ patients with multimorbidity: a pilot study in Age.It
Authors: Capri Miriam , Fronterrè Sara , Collura Salvatore , Giampieri Enrico , Carrino Sara , Feroldi Francesca Maria , Ciurca Erika , Conte Maria , Olivieri Fabiola , Ullo Ines , Pini Rodolfo , Vacirca Andrea , Astolfi Annalisa , Vasuri Francesco , La Manna Gaetano , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Gargiulo Mauro
Published: July 2024

Background

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the prevention of upcoming vascular and cerebral events is necessary in patients with high-grade stenosis (≥70%). In the framework of the Italian National project Age.It, a pilot study was proposed aiming at the discovery of a molecular signature with predictive potential of carotid stenosis comparing 65+ asymptomatic and symptomatic inpatients.

Methods

A total of 42 inpatients have been enrolled, including 26 men and 16 women, with a mean age of 74 ± 6 years. Sixteen symptomatic and 26 asymptomatic inpatients with ≥70% carotid stenosis underwent CEA, according to the recommendations of the European Society for Vascular Surgery and the Society for Vascular Surgeons. Plaque biopsies and peripheral blood samples from the same individuals were obtained. Hematobiochemical analyses were conducted on all inpatients, and plasma cytokines/molecules, such as microRNAs (miRs), IL-6, sIL-6Ralpha, sgp130, myostatin (GDF8), follistatin, activin A, CXCL9, FGF21, and fibronectin, were measured using the ELISA standard technique. MiR profiles were obtained in the discovery phase including four symptomatic and four asymptomatic inpatients (both plasma and plaque samples), testing 734 miRs. MiRs emerging from the profiling comparison were validated through RT-qPCR analysis in the total cohort.

Results and conclusion

The two groups of inpatients differ in the expression levels of blood c-miRs-126–5p and -1271–5p (but not in their plaques), which are more expressed in symptomatic subjects. Three cytokines were significant between the two groups: IL-6, GDF8, and CXCL9. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with a machine learning-based approach, the most significant blood molecular signature encompasses albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), the percentage of monocytes, and CXCL9, allowing for the distinction of the two groups (AUC = 0.83, 95% c.i. [0.85, 0.81], p = 0.0028). The potential of the molecular signature will be tested in a second cohort of monitored patients, allowing the application of a predictive model and the final evaluation of cost/benefit for an assessable screening test.