bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive Physiotherapeutic Approaches in Biliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Costescu Elena , Calin Gabriela , Țîrlea Vlad , Țabrean Mihaiela Camelia
Published: December 2024

Biliary dyskinesia seems to be an enigmatic, idiopathic but important pathology in terms of recurrent abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, under the right costal border, in patients who feel the symptoms despite the non-detection of gallstones or tumors. The pathology can be the result of an improper response to hormonal stimu-lation, hypoactivity of the nerves that innervate the gallbladder or ineffective contrac-tion of the sphincter of Oddi. The application of a non-invasive physiother-apy treatment with interference current, aiming to stimulate the motility of the gallbladder walls, resulting in a physiological activity but also an increase in the pain threshold. Periodic evaluations of the patients' condition to determine their condition. Increasing the quality of life of affected patients. In the study undertaken, the patients were subjected to a constant treatment with interference cur-rent therapy, following both the reaction to and the recording of possible adverse ef-fects on the treatment of the late application, which appeared after the therapy. Consistent positive results were obtained in increasing the motility of the gallbladder in the medium and long term, decreasing the dysfunctional discomfort, considerably decreasing the pain threshold level of the patients, increasing the patients' quality of life with the resumption of productive activities. The application of inter-ference current in biliary dyskinesias reveals an increased efficiency both after the first cure and after consecutive cures consistently applied at 5-month intervals for long-term effects and removing the perspective of a possible surgical intervention. Reduc-ing pain and disconfort, increasing the quality of life of the affected patients is a wish fulfilled in the treated patients
Romanian validation study	of the Boston questionare in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Bîrsanu Lenuța , Covali Roxana , Roman Emanuel Matei , Chirap-Mitulschi Ioan Alexandru , Ciubotaru Alin , Turliuc Mihaela-Dana
Published: December 2024

A single The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is a common tool for evaluating the symptoms and function of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It includes the Functional Status Scale and the Symptom Severity Scale. It has been validated in numerous languages and is the most frequently employed patient-reported outcome measure in CTS. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, responsiveness, reliability, and validity of the Romanian version. We conducted a two-parts study: the first part involved the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire -Romanian version, while the second part was a prospective cohort clinical study that was designed to psychometrically validate the The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. We collected demographic characteristics and The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores for thirty-one patients with CTS and performed descriptive and inferential statistics. Our results showed a very good construct validity and excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) for Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire -Romanian version and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin of 0.732, which is considered acceptable (a value above 0.70 is usually statistically significant for factor analysis). Regarding to Bartlett's Approx sphericity test. Chi-Square 641,401, is statistically significant. In conclussion, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is a consistent frequently employed patient-reported outcom that can evaluate the symptom burden of CTS and its effect on the ability to conduct daily activities. The structural validity of the BCTQ was investigated in this study among patients with varying degrees of CTS.
Predictive Clinical-Biological Markers Over the First 3 Years of Nusinersen Treatment in SMA Type 1 Patients
Authors: Badina Mihaela , Mirea Andrada , Sporea Corina , Bejan Gabriel Cristian
Published: December 2024

Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, or type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), is caused by insufficient SMN protein synthesis due to a genetic defect. Symptoms appear within the first 6 months of life, and without ventilatory support, life expectancy averages 2 years. This study aimed to monitor pNF-H neurofilament levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, serum creatinine, and motor performance during nusinersen treatment to evaluate pNF-H as a predictor of motor outcomes. Biological samples and clinical outcomes from 34 participants were analyzed at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years post-treatment initiation. Most patients showed favorable outcomes, with improved motor assessment scores, increased serum creatinine, and decreased pNF-H levels in CSF and serum. Higher baseline pNF-H in CSF was linked to fewer SMN2 gene copies. The largest pNF-H decrease occurred during the nusinersen loading period, stabilizing at low levels through maintenance. Smaller changes in pNF-H from baseline correlated with better motor outcomes and higher serum creatinine at 2 and 3 years. Nusinersen treatment reduced pNF-H levels, reflecting decreased neuronal degradation, increased serum creatinine due to enhanced muscle activity, and improved motor function. High baseline pNF-H in SMA type 1 may indicate a poorer prognosis for motor improvement.
The role of Kegel exercises in reducing involuntary loss of urine in Overactive Bladder and Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Șerbanescu Lucian , Rotar Vadym , Ionescu Elena-Valentina , Ciota Alexandra-Ecaterina , Mirea Sebastian , Ionescu Paris , Costea Andreea Cristina
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Kegel exercises, or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), in reducing symptoms of urinary incontinence among women with overactive bladder (OAB) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). A randomized control trial was conducted with a total of 50 participants (young women ages 18-35) out of which 35 were diagnosed with OAB and 15 with MUI. The participants were monitored for six months: In the first three months received only pharmacological therapy, solifenacin succinate 10 mg per day, and after this period the same group associated to the pharmacological treatment daily Kegel exercises. The primary outcome measured was the reduction in urinary incontinence episodes, while secondary outcomes included changes in quality of life (QoL) and bladder control as assessed by standardized questionnaires. After three months, group demonstrated a reduction in the frequency of urinary incontinence episodes. However, receiving both solifenacin succinate and Kegel exercises showed a statistically significant improvement in urinary control and QoL scores at six months evaluation. These findings suggest that the combination of pharmacological treatment with solifenacin succinate and Kegel exercises is more effective in managing urinary incontinence symptoms associated with OAB and MUI than pharmacological treatment alone. This approach may represent a beneficial strategy for patients requiring enhanced symptom relief.
The Role of Kinesiotherapy in Enhancing Physical Performance and Self-Esteem: A Prospective Observational Study in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Popescu Cristina , Matei Daniela , Trăistaru Rodica
Published: December 2024

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation, which adversely affects health and quality of life. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 9-month tailored kinesiotherapy program on physical performance, body composition, and self-esteem in overweight and obese adolescents. Participants were divided into a study group (SG, n=40) and a control group (CG, n=40). The SG engaged in individualized kinesiotherapy sessions, while the CG maintained their usual activities. Both groups received education on the 5-2-1-0 rule for obesity prevention and management. Results indicated significant improvements in the SG, including enhancements in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (all p < 0.001). Notably, BMI and body fat percentage decreased significantly in the SG compared to the CG. Regression analysis revealed strong correlations between body composition, physical performance, and self-esteem improvements, particularly in girls and rural participants, highlighting the intervention's adaptability and effectiveness. Although limited by a relatively small sample size, short duration, and variability in adherence tracking, the study highlights the essential role of individualized physical activity programs in improving health outcomes. In conclusion, the findings from our study emphasize the significant role of individualized kinesiotherapy programs in improving physical and psychological health outcomes in overweight/obese adolescents. By integrating instrumental assessments, such as the BTS system, with subjective evaluations like PAQ-A and the Rosenberg scale, our study high-lights the multifaceted impact of physical activity on this vulnerable population.
Motor Tasks Classification Using Phase Locking Value in a BCI Based EEG Paradigm
Authors: Hrisca-Eva Oana-Diana
Published: December 2024

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is developing very quickly with applications extending to medical and non-medical fields. Electroencephalography (EEG) is used in BCI to detect and analyze brain signals. An approach based on phase synchronization was tested on two datasets (one with EEG signals recorded from 15 healthy subjects and one with EEG signals recorded from 9 subjects with disabilities). Phase locking value was tested as feature extraction method from EEG signals. k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were applied for discrimination between tasks (right hand motor imagery, left hand motor imagery and feet motor imagery). Classification rates above 81% obtained with kNN and 92% achieved with SVM indicate that phase synchronization based method can be exploited in developing BCI systems for controlling and assisting people with upper and lower limb disabilities.
Medical management of organic psychomotor agitation and neurorehabilitation after revascularized vertebrobasilar stroke
Authors: Vasile Antonia Ioana , Nica Cristina , Tiu Cristina
Published: December 2024

Psychomotor agitation is a behavioral and emotional symptom frequently seen in demen-tia patients. Vascular dementia has few options for treating non-cognitive symptoms such as agitation and psychotic symptoms. We present the case of a 71-year-old male who presented in the revascularisation window for confusional syndrome and te-trameric ataxia. The examination revealed: psychomotor agitation, dyscromatopsia, selfdisorientation, temporal and spatial disorientation, complex visual hallucinations with Capgras syndrome, facial agnosia, and akinetopsia. Brain CT revealed top of the basilar artery thrombosis which was treated with mechanical thrombectomy and in-traarterial thrombosis. Brain imaging revealed constitutive lesions in the occipital lobe, parahippocampal, the lingual gyrus, in the paramedian pontine level, and a cerebellar lesion. The patient developed strategic infarct dementia with severe psychomotor agitation. As a therapeutic approach, the heroic combination that diminished the agitation was: Olanzapine and Levomepromazine (two sedative neuroleptics), Valproate (thymostabiliser), and Diazepam. We emphasize the need for heroic treatment options for severe psychomotor agitation and psychotic agitation in patients with cardiovascular risks such as stroke. In this case, we present our beneficial results with Olanzapine and Levomepromazine. We highlight the need for extensive treatment guidelines for se-vere cases of psychomotor agitation.
Dynamics of Nutritional Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Date Palm Fruit Development and Maturity Stages
Authors: Messaoudi Mohammed , Amara Djilani Ghemam , Chemsa Ahmed Elkhalifa , Alia Zeid , Laouedj Hacene , Cherrada Nezar , Gheraissa Noura , Aydi Samir , Benouamane Ourida , Benaichi Souraya
Published: December 2024

Date palm fruit development involves several stages, including Habauk, Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, and Tamer stages, characterized by intricate biochemical alterations that lead to the accumulation of various metabolites. The objective of this study was to quantify and statistically evaluate the linearity of nutritional compounds, acidity levels, water content, dry matter, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity capacity across the fruit development and maturation stages of two date palm cultivars, Deglet Nour and Degla Beida. Fruits were collected from ten palm trees per cultivar at each growth stage, cleaned, sliced, dried, and powdered. The acidity level was assessed using the Marx method, while water content and dry matter were determined through a drying method. The carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that constitute the nutritional components were quantified using established techniques. The extraction yield of secondary metabolites was calculated using date powder. The water content, PH, carbohydrate, protein, fat content, extraction yield, total Phenol, and total flavonoid content displayed dynamic patterns described by second-order polynomials. The maximum local values for water content, PH, and carbohydrate were observed in both varieties, while the maximum local value for total Phenol was found exclusively in Deglet Nour. Conversely, the minimum local values for protein content, fat content, total flavonoid content, and extraction yield were observed in both varieties. Notably, the minimum local value for total Phenol content was observed only in Degla Beida. For both varieties, the dry matter and antioxidant activity exhibited quadratic dynamics. However, the dry matter showed a positive increasing trend, while the antioxidant activity exhibited a change in the opposite direction.
Detannying in Cashew Apple Juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) by Chemical Agents
Authors: Hanh Nguyen Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi , Anh Nguyen Thi Minh , Huong Nguyen Thi , Hung Nguyen Van , Trang Vu Thu , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Long Nguyen Viet
Published: December 2024

Vietnam is the leading exporter of cashew nuts globally; however, the cashew apple, constituting 75% of the total harvest from cashew trees, remains underexploited despite its rich nutrient content. The main reason is that cashew apple contains high amount of tannin which causes astringency. Consequently, this undesired compound poses a significant challenge for food product development. Thus, tannin removal is critical in cashew apple juice processing to improve sensorial characteristic and produce a nutritious beverage from cashew apple. Gelatin, modified cassava starch (MCS), and polyvinyl polypyrolidone (PVPP) are the most recommended agents for tannin reduction. This study evaluated the efficacy of these clarifying agents based on agent concentration, processing time, and juice pH. Results indicated that gelatin at 2 g/L for 30 min at pH 3 reduced tannin by 34.31%; MCS removed 41.34% of tannins at 3 g/L for 30 min at pH 3; and PVPP achieved tannin removal of 32.45% at 4 g/L for 30 min at pH 4. All chemical treatments decreased nutritional values, including vitamin C, sugars, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. While MCS demonstrated the highest tannin removal efficiency, the sensory quality of the treated juice requires further enhancement due to low pH.
Brown Rice: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Reducing Inflammatory Markers in the Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model
Authors: Sasiarini Laksmi , Sujuti Hidayat , Handayani Dian , Rudjianto Achmad
Published: December 2024

Obesity is closely linked to adipose tissue inflammation, where macrophages play a crucial role. One approach to enhance the issue of obesity is by implementing nutritional intervention. This study designed to investigate the impact of administering brown rice and gamma oryzanol (ORZ) on reducing adipose tissue expansion and inflammation in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. The study involved male Sprague-Dawley rats of the Rattus novergicus strain. The negative control group received AIN93M as the standard diet, while the remaining were induced to become obese by high-fat, high fructose (HFHFr) diet. Then, we divided them into 4 treatment groups: mix HFHFr diet with brown rice; white rice; white rice + ORZ; and ORZ only. Treatment was given for 12 weeks. Histological examination was used to measure both the size and number of adipocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was done to evaluate the infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, while immunofluorescence labelling was utilized to examine the expression of macrophages M1 and M2. The addition of brown rice and ORZ appears to improve adipocyte expansion. The brown rice group showed the least amount of M1 macrophages, while the negative control group showed the highest amount of M2 macrophages, leading to much lower M1/M2 ratios compared to the other groups. No differences were found in the study of variables in either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue. Brown rice and ORZ can potentially improve adipose tissue expansion and suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Enemies of Citrus Fruit Juice: Formation Mechanism and State-of-the-Art Removal Techniques
Authors: Konwar Jyotismita , Das Mamoni , Gogoi Moloya , Kaman Pranjal Kumar , Goswami Soumitra , Sarma Jadav , Pathak Purnima , Purkayastha Manashi Das
Published: December 2024

Citrus fruits are among those commercially grown crops whose importance for immunoregulation has amplified recently in the post-COVID era. Unfortunately, bitterness and off-flavor development in citrus fruit juices is a key concern. Bitterness is predominantly caused by naringin and limonin, while nomilin, hesperidin, etc. are known to be the minor contributors. Although the paper describes the biological properties of these bittering compounds and their potential application, the presence of the same in juices is often not desired. Similarly, the presence of undesirable odors in stored juices is caused by compounds such as guaiacol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methional, terpinen-4-ol, and dimethyl trisulfide. This review primarily examines the bitter and undesirable flavor compounds found in citrus fruit juices that is created during the process of production and storage. It also explores the specific processes by which these compounds are formed. A range of debittering techniques has been proposed, that involves the addition of sugar, lye, β-cyclodextrin, hot water, adsorption using cellulose acetate and activated carbon, pre-treating the juice with sonication, supercritical fluid, enzymes, and microbial consortia. Similarly, strategies for averting the formation of off-flavor-related compounds can include treating the juice with electrical current, high pressure, microwave, ultrasound, and chemical inhibitors. This review is anticipated to guide the Citrus juice manufacturers in choosing one or more (amalgamated) technologies for achieving extended shelf-life.
Early-day Protein Intake Influences the Transition of Metabolic Health Phenotypes Among Adults with Obesity
Authors: Mazri Fatin Hanani , Jun Ti Mei , Al-Maswary Anas Ahmed Abdullah , Kannan Divaashni , Abdul Latif Nurul Hazimah , Ramachandran Josefina , Keri Fatin Umairah Mohd , Besaiso Maram , Manaf Zahara Abdul
Published: December 2024

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) represents a subset of obesity characterized by a lower risk of cardiometabolic syndrome than individuals with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). This study aimed to (1) describe the transition of metabolic health phenotypes in adults with obesity and (2) identify the differentiating factors associated with this transition following the 12-week weight reduction program. This study recruited 91 adults with obesity (Age: 39.6±6.3 years; 74.7% women; body mass index (BMI): 31.2±4.5 kg/m2). The weight reduction intervention incorporates multiple lifestyle domains, including dietary modifications, physical activity, behavioural strategies, and chrono-nutrition, which encompasses temporal eating patterns, meal timing and sleep. At pre-intervention, 55% of participants (n=50) were classified as MHO: BMI≥25kg/m2 with fewer than three metabolic abnormalities, while 45% (n=41) were classified as MUO: BMI≥25kg/m2 with three or more metabolic abnormalities. Post-intervention, about 24% of the participants (n=22) exhibited positive changes, transitioning from MUO to MHO or from MUO/MHO to metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN). The MUO proportion decreased to 31% (n=28), and 45% (n=41) remained as MHO. Participants who demonstrated positive changes were characterized with highest increase in energy intake from protein sources (+5.2% vs +1.1%, p=0.004), particularly during the earlier part of the day (+4.3% vs +1.1%, p=0.029), greater body weight loss (-7.0% vs -3.2%, p=0.022), body fat loss (-3.4% vs -1.3%, p=0.013) and visceral fat loss (-1.3 vs -0.5, p=0.013) as well as a higher proportion of morning chronotype (72.7% vs 35.7%, p=0.033), than the participants who showed negative changes. These results imply that, the timing of protein intake and chronotype may play significant roles in mitigating the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome among adults with obesity, in addition to weight reduction.
Development and Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Methods for Predicting the Occurrence of Constipation and its Risk Factors Among College-aged Girls
Authors: Ghosh Joyeta , Sanyal Poulomi
Published: December 2024

The present study sought to determine which model was most useful for predicting functional constipation (FC) in college-aged students by examining the applicability of multiple models and evaluating the forecasting accuracy of prediction methods, including regression-based models and machine learning models. This observational descriptive study involved 300 college girls from Kolkata, West Bengal, India, who were randomly chosen using social media (Linkedin,WhatsApp and Face book) and ranged in age from 18 to 25 years. The survey was carried out using an online, standard questionnaire that had been pre-tested. The obtained data were entered into a Microsoft Excel Worksheet (Redwoods, Washington, USA: Microsoft) and reviewed for elimination errors.19 attributes were selected for prediction study. Weka version 3.8.0 software was used for predictive modeling, performance analysis, and the building of FC prediction system. The predictive models were then developed and contrasted using 5 different models as a classifier. We divided our data into training and test datasets, which comprised 70% and 30% of the total sample, respectively, at random for each investigation. Out of 300 occurrences, 96.00 % were correctly classified, while only 4 % were wrongly classified, with a Kappa value of 0.875, and a root mean squared error of 0.19. The model's accuracy was 96.3% weighted precision, 96% true positives, 0.05% false positives, 0.961 F measure, and 0.994ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve).Here 6 different evaluators were used and surprisingly they all predict Bristol's Stool consistency Scale as the number 1 predictor of FC among college girls. Again ‘Pain and discomfort in abdomen’ remains second predictor according to all selected evaluators. Thus, it can be confirmed that ‘Bristol's Stool consistency Scale’ and the ‘Pain and discomfort in abdomen’ are the two significant predictor of FC among college going girls. This machine learning model-based automated approach for predicting functional constipation will assist medical professionals in identifying younger generations who are more likely to experience constipation. Additionally, predictions can be made quickly and efficiently using sociodemographic and morbidity parameters. For further follow-up and care, at-risk patients can be referred to consultant physicians. This will lessen the burden of gastrointestinal-related morbidity and mortality among the younger population.
In vitro Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract on Colon, Prostate, and Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Malibary Manal
Published: December 2024

Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) is recognized for its antioxidant properties, due to distinctive compounds such as aspalathin. This study examined the antioxidant potential of rooibos extract on three cancer cell lines (PC-3, HCT-116, and HepG2) to assess its overall antioxidant potential. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of aqueous rooibos extract at a concentration of 1,000 µg/ml was assessed on the three cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of aqueous rooibos extract and cisplatin were compared for the cancer cell lines, with HepG2 cells showing the highest sensitivity to rooibos extract (IC50 = 1,399.41 ± 62.73 µg/ml) and PC-3 cells displaying the highest resistance (IC50 = 2,431.51 ± 98.71 µg/ml). Cisplatin consistently exhibited lower IC50 values across all cell lines, indicating a stronger inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation, notably for HCT-116 (IC50 = 2.53 ± 0.21 µg/ml) and HepG2 cells (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.25 µg/ml). However, the total antioxidant capacity of rooibos extract (68.91 ± 4.07 mg GAE/g) is comparable to that of the ascorbic acid standard (74.19 ± 3.97 mg GAE/g), showing no statistically significant difference. Moreover, rooibos extract is a potent antioxidant, with lower IC50 values in the DPPH (3.62 ± 0.10 µg/ml), ABTS (2.13 ± 0.13 µg/ml), and H2O2 assays (4.97 ± 0.01 µg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid and EDTA. However, in the metal chelating activity assay, rooibos extract showed a similar performance (IC50 20.89 ± 0.09 µg/ml) to EDTA (IC50 21.16 ± 1.67 µg/ml), suggesting comparable efficacy in this measure. These results demonstrate the strong antioxidant and anticancer potential of rooibos extract, suggesting it as a promising complement in cancer treatment.
Optimized Biomass Production of Probiotic Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici TMAB26 Using Pineapple Peel: A Response Surface Methodology Approach
Authors: Barigela Anuradha , Bhukya Bhima
Published: December 2024

Probiotics, being non-pathogenic, offer distinct health advantages tailored to specific species and demonstrate antioxidant properties. Currently, there is a growing interest among people in probiotics due to their therapeutic and health-promoting benefits. The study aimed for utilization of pineapple peel waste as carbon source for biomass production of probiotic bacterial strain Pediococcus acidilactici TMAB26 demonstrating promising avenues for sustainable and efficient production methods. By employing Central Composite Design (CCD) Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study successfully optimized fermentation conditions, highlighting the significance of pH, temperature, and inoculum size in maximizing biomass yield. The pineapple peel waste was used as complete carbon source that replaced half of the other nutrient componentsof commercial MRS broth. The optimization of medium for biomass production of Pediococcus acidilactici TMAB26 was carried out using Central Composite Design (CCD) in 2 L Erlenmeyer flasks. The findings highlight the pivotal role of the physical parameters in enhancing biomass production, with an optimal combination of 2.5% inoculum, pH 6.5, and temperature 35 °C resulting in a significant biomass yield of 2.56g/100ml. Furthermore, the pineapple peel extract exhibited notable total phenolic content of 262 μg/mL and glucose content of 1.83%, indicating its significance as a valuable nutrient source. Moreover, the probiotic strain TMAB26 showed impressive antioxidant potential, as evidenced by its high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (92.1 ± 4%) with an IC50 of 24.76 μg/ml.
Dietary Fiber and Dietary Protein of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus Stapf.) as Potential Functional Food in Risk Prevention for Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: An Animal Model
Authors: Villalobos Mizpah Cervera , Nicolas Marilou Gagalac , Trinidad Trinidad Palad , Cadiao Niel-Ju Angelle Caigoy , Catalan Mary Ann Julyn Ferrer , Sagum Rosario delos Santos
Published: December 2024

This study determined the glucose-lowering and cholesterol-lowering effects of large molecules, dietary fiber (DF) and protein, of lemongrass in an animal model using completely randomized design. Total DF and protein were extracted; dietary protein (DP) was further digested to obtain protein hydrolyzates (PH). Sprague-Dawley rats were initially fed with high sugar, high fat and high cholesterol diet for two weeks, then administered with total DF, DP, PH, and a combination of DF and DP for another two weeks while maintained with the diet. Blood samples were obtained for determination of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, HDL and LDL+VLDL levels, and the differences before and after treatments were compared. There was a total of six treatment groups, including Untreated and Acarbose+Pravastatin treatment, which served as controls. Administration of DF, DP, PH, and DF+DP resulted to lower increase of FBS in comparison with control groups. However, PH treatment led to the greatest decrease in total cholesterol levels among the treatments. HDL cholesterol levels were not affected by the treatments. The rise in LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels was least in rats treated with DP, but the group treated with PH did not increase. Thus among the treatments, protein hydrolyzates exerted the most effective glucose- and cholesterol-lowering effects in rats fed with high sugar, high fat, and high cholesterol diet. Furthermore, the treatments appeared to have reduced the extent of injury on liver and kidney cells caused by the diet. This study supports the potential of lemongrass as a functional food in mitigating the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) through prevention of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Antioxidant Properties and Sensory Preference of Broccoli Affected by Culinary Practices
Authors: Tien Pei-Yu , Yang Pei-Fen , Weng Yih-Ming , Yu Zer-Ran , Wang Be-Jen
Published: December 2024

Broccoli provides a good source of many nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, bitterness of broccoli deterred sensory desirability and furthermore impacted its consumption. Cooking and seasoning addition can be used to reduce the bitterness and to increase the preference of vegetables. The objective of this study aims to investigate the effect of blanching and flavor enhancement with various sauces on the bioactive and organoleptic properties. Broccoli was prepared: raw (C), blanched (B), blanched and flavored with Japanese style sauce (F1), with cheese (F2), and with Chinese style sauce (F3). The bioactive compounds (polysaccharide and phenolic compounds), antioxidant properties (DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities), and sensory preference characteristic were evaluated. The results showed blanching and combined with seasonings significantly altered the color parameters (a*, C* and ho) of broccoli. While blanching and sauces additions improved antioxidant contents and capacity as well as all sensory acceptances tested. Compared to the control, blanching and sauces additions increased the contents of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides from 8.3 to 8.4-10.0 and from 78 to 93-106 mg/g dw, respectively. While blanching and sauces increased the scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS from 1.29 to 1.43-1.83 and from 3.28 to 4.52-5.27mg Trolox/100g, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis further showed blanching and sauces additions were positively correlated with the acceptance of flavor, taste and overall but negatively correlated to color acceptance. In conclusion, blanching or flavorings retained color acceptance (sensory score >5) and enhanced antioxidant capacity and sensory preference.
Effect of Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment on Melon (Cucumis Melo) Drying Time
Authors: Seminario Carlessi S. Valdiviezo- , Chero Manuel J. Sanchez- , Mendoza Lesly C. Flores-
Published: December 2024

Drying has been the most widely used method of dehydration since ancient times; however, its use generates high energy costs, due to the long duration of the process. On the other hand, the exposure of foods to high temperatures for long periods of time tends to considerably affect not only their organoleptic characteristics, but also their nutritional content. An alternative to these problems is osmotic dehydration, which allows generating a partial dehydration without deteriorating the food's properties. In this way, the food begins its drying process with a reduced moisture content, thus reducing the drying time, saving energy costs and avoiding exposing the food to heat for long periods of time. The methodology consisted of evaluating the osmotic dehydration process of melon at osmotic concentrations of 45 °Bx and 60 °Bx and immersion times of 120 and 180 minutes, to be subsequently dried at 50°C until reaching a minimum humidity of 15%. The osmotic dehydration tests demonstrated the significance (p < 0.05) of the factors studied in water loss, weight loss and solids gain. Water losses between 48.393% and 68.204% were achieved, where drying time was reduced in a range between 23% and 46%. The treatment that generated the shortest drying time was the one that had as pretreatment conditions of 60°Bx and 180 minutes of immersion.
Mineral Composition and Daily Mineral Intake from Freshwater Crabs: A Comparative Study of Himalayapotamon emphyseteum and Maydelliathelphusa masoniana in the Jammu division, J and K
Authors: Adotra Mukul , Dhar Menakshi , Langer Seema , Koul Shivam
Published: December 2024

The study explored the mineral composition of two freshwater crab species, Himalayapotamon emphyseteum and Maydelliathelphusa masoniana, native to the Himalayan river systems, specifically the Chenab and Ravi rivers. Himalayapotamon emphyseteum and Maydelliathelphusa masoniana were collected from various tributaries of the Chenab and Ravi river, which are the part of Indus River system. Mineral analysis was performed utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The assessment revealed that these relatively unexamined shellfish are rich sources of essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, aluminium, zinc, sodium, iron, selenium and manganese. These elements play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, immune response, antioxidation, and blood clotting. If included in the human diet, these crabs could offer a high-quality nutrient profile that meets dietary requirements. This research highlights the potential of locally available freshwater crabs in the Jammu region as a valuable source of minerals, contributing to food security in the landlocked Himalayan areas.
Effect of Adding Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Protein Isolate on the Bromatological, Microbiological, Sensory, and Textural Properties of a Frankfurt-type Sausage
Authors: Baena Evelyn Milena Faciolince , Lopez Kelvin Rodrigo Niño , Castillo Piedad Montero , Sierra Katherine Paternina , Cotta Luis Alfonso Beltrán
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding sesame protein isolate (Sesamum indicum L.) on the bromatological, microbiological, sensory, and textural properties of a Frankfurt-type sausage. Sesame protein isolate (SPI) was obtained by isoelectric precipitation. Four percentages of SPI were used in the Frankfurt-type sausage samples: 0% (SS0), 2% (SS2), 4% (SS4) and 6% (SS6). The proximate composition of the sausages and SPI was determined. Microbiological, sensory (preference), and textural (TPA) properties were also studied. The results indicated that the protein content of the SPI was 88.02%. Regarding sensory acceptance, SS4 and SS6 obtained the highest scores in most parameters. On the other hand, SS6 showed higher results in terms of cohesiveness (4.04), elasticity (9.98), and chewiness (47.93). In conclusion, SPI can be used in meat products because it increases the bromatological parameters of sausages and improves the acceptance of some sensory parameters.
Effect of Alcalase Hydrolysis Time on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolysate Extracted from Gryllus bimaculatus Cricket Powder
Authors: In Manatchaya Sungsri- , Moongngarm Anuchita , Deeseenthum Sirirat , -In Vijitra Luang , Butkhup Luchai , Somboonwatthanakul Isaraporn , Phankhlong Suthathip , Yachai Kedkasorn , Khawla Yonlada , Pimkoksoong Saranya , Utaida Treechada , Loypimai Patiwit
Published: December 2024

Humans are increasingly consuming insects as an alternative source of protein, with various products being developed to improve their acceptability. Insect protein extracts are becoming notable food ingredients, with a few studies investigating the functional and biological properties of proteins from different insects. This study determined the effect of hydrolysis time on the functional, chemical, and biological activities of cricket protein hydrolysate (CPH) extracted from Gryllus bimaculatus. The cricket powder was hydrolyzed using the enzyme alcalase at 4% w/w. The hydrolysate samples were collected at 20, 40, 60, 120, and 180 min and analyzed for many properties. The CPH obtained at 120 and 180 min had the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) (84.42-84.78%), while the CPH obtained from 60-180 min hydrolysis had the highest yield (34.92-36.99%). Free amino acids increased over time. The CPH powder was highly soluble at pH 7 and had higher foaming ability and stability than the control, while the emulsion abilities of the CPH and the control were similar. The CPH obtained after 120 to 180 min of hydrolysis showed the strongest antioxidant activity analyzed using the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. CPH after 120 minutes of hydrolysis showed the highest ACE inhibition ability of 67.59%. The results suggested that CPH prepared by hydrolyzing cricket powder with alcalase for 60 and 120 minutes was suitable and showed potential as a protein source with high water solubility and good foaming ability for further non-food applications.
Impact of Composite Flour on Nutritional, Bioactive and Sensory Characteristics of Pastry Foods: A Review
Authors: Olamiti Gbeminiyi , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia
Published: December 2024

Pastry foods are popular worldwide due to their taste and convenience. However, traditional pastries made from refined wheat flour have received criticism for their high-calorie content, lack of essential nutrients, and limited availability in some areas. In pursuit of enhancing the nutritional composition of pastry products, nutritional science has turned to composite flours, which consist of a blend of various grain and non-grain flours. This review aims to evaluate the impact of composite flours on pastries' nutritional, bioactive, and sensory characteristics. Specifically, the focus is on how composite flours can increase the nutritional content of pastries while preserving their sensory qualities. The review synthesises findings from published research articles on composite flours, analysing macro and micronutrient profiles, dietary fibre content, antioxidant capacity, glycaemic index, and sensory evaluations of pastries made from these flours. The nutritional value of pastries is significantly enhanced by incorporating composite flours, which blend wheat flour with flours made from legumes, tubers, pseudocereals, and ancient grains. This review showcases improvements in mineral and vitamin content, including B vitamins, iron, zinc, and magnesium, as well as higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids. The dietary fibre content similarly increases substantially, contributing to improved satiety and digestive health. In addition, pastries made with composite flours exhibit higher antioxidant activity, suggesting potential benefits in combating oxidative stress. These findings indicate composite flours enhance pastries' nutritional and bioactive profiles and maintain acceptable sensory properties. Incorporating alternative flours introduces new flavours and textures, enhancing consumer appeal while promoting a balanced diet. Therefore, composite flours offer a viable strategy for enhancing the nutritional quality of pastry foods. Their utilisation in the pastry industry could support public health initiatives to reduce non-communicable diseases associated with poor dietary choices. By carefully selecting and blending alternative flours, it is possible to produce healthier pastries that appeal to consumers.
Bioactive Components in Functional Foods, Mechanism of Action and Impacts on Health with a Focus on COVID-19 –A Review
Authors: Chandran Revathi , Obuliraj Senthilkumar , Sundararajan Soundeswaran , Baskaran Sridevi , Margabandhu Muralisankar
Published: December 2024

Functional food plays a critical role on enhancing an individual’s health, in the current scenario. The health benefits of functional foods are elaborated through a review of bioactive components present in these foods. The importance of the components such as minerals, polyols, prebiotics, probiotics, carotenoids, flavonoids, proteins, dietary fibres, vitamins, and fatty acids such as Omega n-3 fatty acids which are present in our daily diet and their role in promoting human health is reviewed in this article. The mechanism of action of these components in the gut and their biochemical responses are discussed. This study also emphasizes the use of controlled delivery of the components by nanotechnological research, typically conducted "in-vitro." A detailed note is included to describe how these bioactive ingredients work to treat and prevent COVID-19 infection. The functional components present in foods such as garlic, green tea, curcumin and so forth, can impede the spike glycoproteins of the COVID 19 virus and the ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) receptors present in the human body. These components act by modulating the host immune response against the SARS CoV2 virus in addition to their own inherent antiviral action. Since COVID infection has become an endemic, the daily dietary supplementation of functional components is a novel idea of battling the same. A few of the adverse effects of the bioactive components are also outlined.
Maximizing the Potential of Marine Resources: A Sustainable Approach to High-Value Product Development from Seafood By-Products and Waste
Authors: Areche Franklin Ore , Dominguez Juan Alberto Julcahuanga , Huaman Jovencio Ticsihua , Yapias Rafael Julian Malpartida , Rivera Tania Jakeline Choque , Perales Luz Delia Mamani , Quispe Juan De Dios Hermogenes Ticona , Zea Cristhian Yimmy Hilasaca , Galarza César Raúl Castro , Rodríguez Alfonso Ruiz , Mansilla Deniss Yoshira Areche-
Published: December 2024

The global seafood industry is a pivotal component of food production, supplying vital nutrition and contributing to global food security. In addition to its traditional role in providing direct food sources, the industry holds substantial promise for the development of high-value products through the innovative use of seafood resources, such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds. This comprehensive review delves into the diverse applications of these marine resources, emphasizing their potential beyond food consumption. The focus is on the extraction and utilization of bioactive compounds, which possess significant health benefits, from seafood and seafood by-products. These bioactive compounds, including proteins, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides, can be employed in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. The paper provides an in-depth examination of advanced technological processes that have revolutionized the extraction and purification of these valuable compounds. Key advancements discussed include nanoencapsulation, which enhances the stability and bioavailability of sensitive compounds; fermentation, which promotes the release of bioactive peptides; and enzymatic hydrolysis, which breaks down complex proteins into bioactive fragments. These innovations not only enhance product value but also contribute to sustainable resource utilization. The review also evaluates the economic and environmental implications of these technological advancements, highlighting the critical role of sustainability. By converting seafood by-products and waste into valuable products, the industry can significantly reduce environmental pollution and support circular economy principles. The review calls for ongoing research and development to optimize these processes, ensuring the seafood industry's role in addressing global challenges, promoting economic growth, and fostering environmental stewardship through the sustainable use of marine resources.
Comparison between the Antioxidant Properties of Quercetin and Combined Vitamin E and Selenium to Ameliorate the Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium Toxicity
Authors: Al-Zharani Mohammed , Almuqri Eman , Mubarak Mohammed , Rudayni Hassan , Aljarba Nada , Yaseen Khadijah , Alkahtani Saad , Nasr Fahd A. , Al-Doaiss Amin A. , Al-eissa Mohammed S.
Published: December 2024

Quercetin is the most prevalent flavonoid; its bioactivities have a preventive role in helping protect cells against various damaging effects. Complex vitamin E and selenium help enhance the immune system and maintain brain and heart health, as well as keep normal cell division. Cadmium is a hazardous heavy metal that exists naturally, and both occupational and environmental exposure to cadmium were reported. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of quercetin against combined vitamin E and selenium to ameliorate the oxidative stress induced by cadmium toxicity. Four groups of rats, 20 animals each, were used: control, cadmium, cadmium and vitamin E plus selenium, and cadmium and quercetin. The administration of cadmium, vitamin E, selenium, and quercetin was done through the oral route and there was a gap (10 h) between the administration of cadmium and receiving vitamin E and selenium or quercetin. Concerning the incidence rate of cadmium toxicity, all rats exposed to cadmium exhibited the effect of cadmium toxicity as evidenced by decreased haematological parameters and altered biochemical profile. Compared to decrements of the parameters recorded in cadmium-exposed rats, the haematological parameters estimated in animals exposed to cadmium and then given vitamin E and selenium or quercetin were relatively improved toward the control levels. Insignificant differences were recorded between cadmium-exposed animals that received vitamin E plus selenium or quercetin. The recorded parameters of the altered biochemical profile of cadmium-exposed animals were relatively brought back toward the control levels in rats exposed to cadmium and then given vitamin E and selenium or quercetin. Based on the encountered haematological parameters and biochemical profile, it was concluded that the ameliorating effect of quercetin compared to that of combined vitamin E and selenium on the cadmium-induced oxidative stress is comparable. Both quercetin and combined vitamin E and selenium as dietary supplements exhibited efficacy in ameliorating cadmium-induced oxidative stress and maintaining the endogenous antioxidant system.