bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joining Forces for Reconstruction Inverse Problems
Authors: Sciriha Irene
Published: September 2021

A spectral inverse problem concerns the reconstruction of parameters of a parent graph from prescribed spectral data of subgraphs. Also referred to as the P–NP Isomorphism Problem, Reconstruction or Exact Graph Matching, the aim is to seek sets of parameters to determine a graph uniquely. Other related inverse problems, including the Polynomial Reconstruction Problem (PRP), involve the recovery of graph invariants. The PRP seeks to extract the spectrum of a graph from the deck of cards each showing the spectrum of a vertex-deleted subgraph. We show how various algebraic methods join forces to reconstruct a graph or its invariants from a minimal set of restricted eigenvalue-eigenvector information of the parent graph or its subgraphs. We show how functions of the entries of eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix A of a graph can be retrieved from the spectrum of eigenvalues of A. We establish that there are two subclasses of disconnected graphs with each card of the deck showing a common eigenvalue. These could occur as possible counter examples to the positive solution of the PRP.
Fundamental Properties of the Dark and the Luminous Matter from the Low Surface Brightness Discs
Authors: Salucci Paolo , di Paolo Chiara
Published: September 2021

Dark matter (DM) is one of the biggest mystery in the Universe. In this review, we start reporting the evidences for this elusive component and discussing about the proposed particle candidates and scenarios for such phenomenon. Then, we focus on recent results obtained for rotating disc galaxies, in particular for low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. The main observational properties related to the baryonic matter in LSBs, investigated over the last decades, are briefly recalled. Next, these galaxies are analyzed by means of the mass modelling of their rotation curves both individual and stacked. The latter analysis, via the universal rotation curve (URC) method, results really powerful in giving a global or universal description of the properties of these objects. We report the presence in LSBs of scaling relations among their structural properties that result comparable with those found in galaxies of different morphologies. All this confirms, in disc systems, the existence of a strong entanglement between the luminous matter (LM) and the dark matter (DM). Moreover, we report how in LSBs the tight relationship between their radial gravitational accelerations g and their baryonic components gb results to depend also on the stellar disk length scale and the radius at which the two accelerations have been measured. LSB galaxies strongly challenge the ΛCDM scenario with the relative collisionless dark particle and, alongside with the non-detection of the latter, contribute to guide us towards a new scenario for the DM phenomenon.
Interplay between Host tRNAs and HIV-1: A Structural Perspective
Authors: Zhang Jinwei
Published: September 2021

The cellular metabolism of host tRNAs and life cycle of HIV-1 cross paths at several key virus–host interfaces. Emerging data suggest a multi-faceted interplay between host tRNAs and HIV-1 that plays essential roles, both structural and regulatory, in viral genome replication, genome packaging, and virion biogenesis. HIV-1 not only hijacks host tRNAs and transforms them into obligatory reverse transcription primers but further commandeers tRNAs to regulate the localization of its major structural protein, Gag, via a specific interface. This review highlights recent advances in understanding tRNA–HIV-1 interactions, primarily from a structural perspective, which start to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms, intrinsic specificities, and biological significances. Such understanding may provide new avenues toward developing HIV/AIDS treatments and therapeutics including small molecules and RNA biologics that target these host–virus interfaces.
Comparative Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine with Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Psichogiou Mina , Karabinis Andreas , Poulakou Garyphallia , Antoniadou Anastasia , Kotanidou Anastasia , Degiannis Dimitrios , Pavlopoulou Ioanna D. , Chaidaroglou Antigoni , Roussos Sotirios , Mastrogianni Elpida , Eliadi Irene , Basoulis Dimitrios , Petsios Konstantinos , Leontis Konstantinos , Kakalou Eleni , Protopapas Konstantinos , Jahaj Edison , Pratikaki Maria , Syrigos Konstantinos N. , Lagiou Pagona , Gogas Helen , Tsiodras Sotirios , Magiorkinis Gkikas , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Sypsa Vana , Hatzakis Angelos
Published: September 2021

BNT162b2 has proven to be highly effective, but there is a paucity of data regarding immunogenicity factors and comparison between response to vaccination and natural infection. This study included 871 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) and 181 patients with natural infection. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 against the RBD domain of the spike protein (anti-RBD). Samples were collected 1–2 weeks after vaccination or 15–59 days post-onset of symptoms. Post-vaccine anti-RBD concentrations were associated with age, gender, vaccination side-effects (VSE) and prior infection (Pr-CoV). Anti-RBD median levels (95%CI) were lower by 2466 (651–5583), 6228 (3254–9203) and 7651 (4479–10,823) AU/mL in 35–44, 45–54, 55–70 yrs, respectively, compared with the 18–34 yrs group. In females, the median levels were higher by 2823 (859–4787), 5024 (3122–6926) in individuals with VSE, and 9971 (5158–14,783) AU/mL in HCWs with Pr-CoV. The ratio of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals versus those with natural infection varied from 1.0 to 19.4. The high immunogenicity of BNT162b2 is verified, although its sustainability has yet to be elucidated. The use of comparative data from natural infection serological panels, expressing the clinical heterogeneity of natural infection, may facilitate early decisions for candidate vaccines to be evaluated in clinical trials.
Cellular Immunotherapy and the Lung
Authors: Daly Sorcha , O’Sullivan Andrew , MacLoughlin Ronan
Published: September 2021

The new era of cellular immunotherapies has provided state-of-the-art and efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Cellular immunotherapies are at the forefront of innovative medical care, including adoptive T cell therapies, cancer vaccines, NK cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The focus of this review is on cellular immunotherapies and their application in the lung, as respiratory diseases remain one of the main causes of death worldwide. The ongoing global pandemic has shed a new light on respiratory viruses, with a key area of concern being how to combat and control their infections. The focus of cellular immunotherapies has largely been on treating cancer and has had major successes in the past few years. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies using these immunotherapies for respiratory viral infections demonstrate promising potential. Therefore, in this review we explore the use of multiple cellular immunotherapies in treating viral respiratory infections, along with investigating several routes of administration with an emphasis on inhaled immunotherapies.
Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Cattle Abortions in Latvia, 2013–2018
Authors: Šteingolde Žanete , Meistere Irēna , Avsejenko Jeļena , Ķibilds Juris , Bergšpica Ieva , Streikiša Madara , Gradovska Silva , Alksne Laura , Roussel Sophie , Terentjeva Margarita , Bērziņš Aivars
Published: September 2021

Listeria monocytogenes can cause disease in humans and in a wide range of animal species, especially in farm ruminants. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes related to 1185 cattle abortion cases in Latvia during 2013–2018. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes among cattle abortions was 16.1% (191/1185). The seasonality of L. monocytogenes abortions was observed with significantly higher occurrence (p < 0.01) in spring (March–May). In 61.0% of the cases, the affected cattle were under four years of age. L. monocytogenes abortions were observed during the third (64.6%) and second (33.3%) trimesters of gestation. Overall, 27 different sequence types (ST) were detected, and four of them, ST29 (clonal complex, CC29), ST37 (CC37), ST451 (CC11) and ST7 (CC7), covered more than half of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Key virulence factors like the prfA-dependent virulence cluster and inlA, inlB were observed in all the analyzed isolates, but lntA, inlF, inlJ, vip were associated with individual sequence types. Our results confirmed that L. monocytogenes is the most important causative agent of cattle abortions in Latvia and more than 20 different STs were observed in L. monocytogenes abortions in cattle.
Ferrous Magnetic Nanoparticles for Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Authors: Morales-Amaya Corazón G. , Alarcón-Herrera María T. , Astudillo-Sánchez Pablo D. , Lozano-Morales Samuel A. , Licea-Jiménez Liliana , Reynoso-Cuevas Liliana
Published: September 2021

Arsenic in water is currently a global concern due to the long-term exposure that could affect human health. In this study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), CoFe2O4, and MnFe2O4 were successfully synthesized and applied to remove arsenic (As) from water. The MNPs were characterized using different techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoscale size and the specific surface area achieved a fast, selective, and high As adsorption capacity. MNPs have a mesoporous structure with a mean pore diameter of 5 nm and a mean particle size of 30 nm. The adsorption capacity of these MNPs was determined through kinetic and equilibrium experiments, multilayer adsorption that obeyed the Freundlich model equation was observed, and the maximum adsorption capacities reached were 250 mg/g for CoFe2O4 and 230 mg/g for MnFe2O4. Furthermore, MNPs characteristics like regeneration and reuse, several pH tolerances, non-ion interference, and effective As removal from groundwater samples confirms the nanomaterials’ potential for future applications in water treatment systems combined with magnetic separation.
Machine Learning Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks and Unet Architecture to Predict and Classify Demosponge Behavior
Authors: Harrison Dominica , De Leo Fabio Cabrera , Gallin Warren J. , Mir Farin , Marini Simone , Leys Sally P.
Published: September 2021

Biological data sets are increasingly becoming information-dense, making it effective to use a computer science-based analysis. We used convolution neural networks (CNN) and the specific CNN architecture Unet to study sponge behavior over time. We analyzed a large time series of hourly high-resolution still images of a marine sponge, Suberites concinnus (Demospongiae, Suberitidae) captured between 2012 and 2015 using the NEPTUNE seafloor cabled observatory, off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. We applied semantic segmentation with the Unet architecture with some modifications, including adapting parts of the architecture to be more applicable to three-channel images (RGB). Some alterations that made this model successful were the use of a dice-loss coefficient, Adam optimizer and a dropout function after each convolutional layer which provided losses, accuracies and dice scores of up to 0.03, 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The model was tested with five-fold cross-validation. This study is a first step towards analyzing trends in the behavior of a demosponge in an environment that experiences severe seasonal and inter-annual changes in climate. The end objective is to correlate changes in sponge size (activity) over seasons and years with environmental variables collected from the same observatory platform. Our work provides a roadmap for others who seek to cross the interdisciplinary boundaries between biology and computer science.
Aprender e ensinar em contexto de incerteza nos cursos de Turismo e Hotelaria da Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Authors: Correia Jonilson Costa
Published: September 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as atividades ofertadas pelos professores dos cursos de Turismo e Hotelaria da Universidade Federal do Maranhão no período de pandemia da COVID-19 e, além disso, tem como objetivo específico verificar como os alunos percebem o ensino e a aprendizagem remotos neste contexto. O estudo tem abordagem qualitativa e se desenvolve a partir de um duplo caminho: a revisão bibliográfica e o estudo de caso. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para os alunos dos cursos de Turismo e Hotelaria no formato Google forms. Em suas narrativas os alunos demonstram que há pontos positivos e negativos nesse momento, mas que tanto as instituições como professores e alunos estão se reinventando e explorando novos caminhos para aprender e ensinar com o uso de tecnologias digitais. Também que é necessária a implantação de políticas públicas para inclusão de todos os envolvidos neste processo de ensino e aprendizagem remoto.
Sensores ópticos baseados em LPFGs para identificação de condições de carregamento em estruturas
Authors:   , Barino Felipe Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Para garantir a segurança e durabilidade de estruturas em serviço, o monitoramento constante da saúde estrutural destas vem sendo utilizado por engenheiros para melhor gerenciamento, tomada de decisões e planejamento de manutenção. Neste cenário, sistemas de sensoriamento são extremamente importantes. Este trabalho apresenta o uso de sensores ópticos a fibra baseados em grades de período longo (LPFGs, do inglês long period fiber gratings) na identificação de forças em estruturas. Sensores ópticos a fibra são interessantes para monitorar estruturas em tempo real devido à capacidade de lidar com ambientes hostis, imunidade eletromagnética e baixa atenuação do sinal. Nesta dissertação são analisados dois cenários: identificação de um carregamento concentrado em uma viga biapoiada e identificação de forças bidimensionais por meio da compressão da LPFG. No primeiro caso, desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático para identificação da intensidade e posição de uma força aplicada a tal viga, obtendo um erro absoluto relativo de, em média, 1,22% na estimativa da intensidade e 2,51% na estimativa da posição. Já no segundo caso, um modelo de regressão baseado em aprendizado de máquinas foi utilizado para identificar a intensidade e direção de uma força com erro absoluto relativo de, em média, 2,19% e 3,93%, respectivamente.
Betty Draper: diálogos com história, moda e feminismo na série televisiva Mad Men
Authors:   , Melo Junior Mauro de
Published: September 2021

Por meio de uma análise histórica e cultural da série televisiva Mad Men, atenta as suas representações como entendimentos particulares de mundo, buscou-se compreender como os figurinos e caracterizações pouco mutáveis da personagem Betty Draper estão relacionados com os meandros trágicos de seu arco dramático. Assim, para melhor compreensão, dividiuse a análise em momentos distintos. A primeira se refere em sua concepção como “Rainha do lar”, onde sua aparência fortemente delicada com vestidos rodados e cinturas marcadas, são entendidos sob o viés de encaixe narrativo, confortável às demandas patriarcais de seu papel de esposa e mãe de classe média, herdeira do período do pós-guerra no trato do homem como herói e cerne da família. Posteriormente, se articula seu desencaixe, em contraste com outras personagens femininas da trama, intencionadas em suas lutas por igualdade, trajando calças, camisas, minissaias e vestidos de cores fortes, o figurino e a caracterização de Betty pouco se altera, permanecendo no aspecto conservador e delicado de seus trajes, ressaltando sua silhueta frágil e delgada. Assim, percorrendo discussões no campo da História, estudos de gêneros, moda, figurino e comunicação, a investigação pretende contribuir para uma outra interpretação da personagem, não restrita as suas leituras antagonizadas, mas vinculada a uma perspectiva histórica, onde seus modos de vida são compreendidos em conflito com relações de forças de uma sociedade patriarcal.
O principio da reserva do possível e a ponderação: uma proposta de critérios para análise da confiabilidade epistêmica de premissas empíricas e normativas
Authors:   , Nascimento Isabel Cristina Campos Vieira do
Published: September 2021

Um número crescente de ações judiciais tem sido propostas na tentativa de garantir a efetivação de direitos constitucionalmente reconhecidos e, via de consequência, obstar a inércia ou a atuação deficitária da Administração Pública. A propositura dessas ações, em regra, objetiva a obtenção do cumprimento de obrigação de fazer, consistente em prestações materiais não ofertadas espontaneamente pelo Poder Público, e por consequência, o reconhecimento e a correção de eventuais omissões estatais na concretização dos direitos fundamentais. O principio da reserva do possível constitui, ao lado do princípio da separação dos poderes, o principal argumento a justificar a impossibilidade no atendimento a essas prestações e de outras obrigações estatais que envolvam o dispêndio de recursos públicos. Contudo, a abordagem do principio tem ocorrido sem a adoção de critérios técnicos suficientes para sua correta aplicação. Essa situação pode acarretar tanto a concessão de prestações indevidas, diante da ausência de prova processual adequada e que induz à incerteza das alegações e premissas apresentadas pelo Poder Público, quanto à denegação de prestações devidas e razoáveis, pelo apelo do senso comum que paira sobre a presunção da escassez de recursos públicos para o atendimento das prestações que concretizam direitos fundamentais. Permite, ainda, a proliferação de decisões contraditórias em situações semelhantes, em prejuízo da segurança jurídica e da isonomia no tratamento dos jurisdicionados. A pesquisa se divide em duas partes. A primeira, uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória e dedutiva sobre os aspectos teóricos do principio da reserva do possível, passando por sua conceituação, sua incorporação no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, de sua relação com as normas de direitos fundamentais e orçamentárias, até chegar ao levantamento de parâmetros objetivos para a aferição da confiabilidade epistêmica das premissas empírica e normativas, em consonância com a fórmula do peso refinada proposta pro Robert Alexy, o marco teórico utilizado. A segunda parte contém a pesquisa empírica realizada com o objetivo de quantificar a ocorrência dos parâmetros elencados na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, de forma a avaliar o grau de confiabilidade epistêmica em que as decisões desses tribunais têm sido proferidas.
Controle multivariável aplicado ao conversor back-to-back
Authors:   , Souza Igor Dias Neto de
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do conversor back-to-back (BTB) na perspectiva multivariável. Sistemas multivariáveis possuem algumas características particulares e, portanto, diferentes de plantas com única entrada e única saída (do inglês, single-input- single-output) (SISO). Logo, antes de estudar o BTB como um sistema de múltiplas entradas e múltiplas saídas (do inglês, multiple-inputs multiple-outputs) (MIMO), o trabalho revisita os principais conceitos de sistemas MIMO e apresenta diretrizes para analisar e controlar sistemas eletrônicos de potência multivariáveis. A principal diferença entre a análise de sistemas SISO e MIMO é a presença de direções. Sistemas MIMO lidam com vetores e, por este motivo, o ganho saída/entrada além de depender da frequência é afetado pela direção do vetor de entrada. Neste sentido, o conceito de valor singular máximo e mínimo são abordados como parte fundamental na análise e controle de plantas multivariáveis. Com a decomposição de valores singulares encontra-se as direções nas quais um sistema não-quadrado não pode ser controlado. A partir de outros conceitos, é possível definir, em plantas que possuem mais saídas que entradas, quais variáveis de saída não podem ser controladas. Neste trabalho é adotado o controle centralizado uma vez que é possível otimizar todo o sistema de controle, o que não é factível na estratégia descentralizada. Neste contexto, o regulador linear quadrático (do inglês, linear quadratic regulator) (LQR) se torna uma alternativa interessante devido às suas propriedades de robustez, desempenho e fácil implementação. O BTB é estudado em duas diferentes aplicações: i) conectado a duas redes elétricas de corrente alternada (CA) e ii) alimentando cargas isoladas. Para cada topologia um modelo detalhado em espaço de estados é desenvolvido e suas principais características analisadas através de ferramentas MIMO. Um projeto sistemático é proposto para direcionar a escolha das matrizes de pesos do LQR utilizado para projetar a lei de controle de ambas estruturas. O critério é baseado na análise da resposta em frequência dos valores singulares das matrizes de sensibilidade, de sensibilidade complementar, de sensibilidade a distúrbios e na minimização de suas normas infinitas. Resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar a abordagem teórica e verificar a eficácia do controle proposto.
Arteriovenous Fistula Nonmaturation: What’s the Immune System Got to Do with It?
Authors: Farrington Crystal A. , Cutter Gary , Allon Michael
Published: September 2021

Key Points

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) nonmaturation is a persistent problem, and there are some notable disparities in AVF maturation outcomes by sex and race.

Panel reactive antibodies (PRA) are markers of immune system reactivity that tend to be higher among female and Black patients, and are associated with greater cardiovascular mortality outside the transplant setting.

On multivariable analysis, class II PRA were independently associated with greater rates of AVF nonmaturation in this study population, suggesting a possible role for the adaptive immune system in AVF maturation outcomes.

Background

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) nonmaturation is a persistent problem, particularly among female and Black patients. Increasingly, the immune system has been recognized as an important contributor to vascular disease, but few studies have examined immune factors relative to AVF maturation outcomes. This study evaluated the association of serum panel reactive antibodies (PRA), a measure of immune system reactivity assessed in patients undergoing kidney transplant evaluation, with AVF nonmaturation.

Methods

We identified 132 patients at our institution who underwent surgical AVF placement between 2010–2019 and had PRA testing within 1 year of AVF creation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of patient demographic and clinical factors, class I and class II PRA levels, and preoperative arterial and venous diameters with AVF maturation outcomes.

Results

AVF nonmaturation was more likely in females than males (44% versus 20%, P=0.003) and in Black than white patients (40% versus 13%, P=0.001). Class II PRA was higher in females than males (12%±23% versus 4%±13%, P=0.02). In the multivariable model, AVF nonmaturation was associated with class II PRA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.34 per 10% increase; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04 to 1.82, P=0.02) and Black race (aOR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.02 to 10.89, P=0.03), but not with patient sex or preoperative arterial or venous diameters.

Conclusions

The association of elevated class II PRA with AVF nonmaturation suggests the immune system may play a role in AVF maturation outcomes, especially among female patients.
A PERFORMANCE DRAG QUEEN E SUAS REVERBERAÇÕES
Authors: Oliari Matheus Flauzino , Zamboni Jesio
Published: September 2021

A PERFORMANCE DRAG QUEEN E SUAS REVERBERAÇÕES
SIMULACRO DE PRINCESA:UMA ANÁLISE DA POSTURA FEMININA EM “ENCANTADA”
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielly José
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo analisar a postura feminina dentro da obra cinematográfica “Encantada” (2007), dos Estúdios Walt Disney, a partir da compreensão dos conceitos sobre a mulher, estudando as personagens retratadas no filme pertencentes ao “mundo das fadas” e o “mundo real”, bem como seus intertextos. Por consequência, nos detemos quanto à representavidade da mulher e a questão do simulacro. Para tal, contamos com o embasamento teórico de Perrot (1992-2005-2007), Piore (2002), Stein (1985), Koch (2007), Marcuschi (2008), Parente (2000), Xavier (2005) e Deleuze (1974). Por conseguinte, concluímos que a mulher representada em obras cinematográficas produzidas pelos estúdios Walt Disney é regada de encantamento, tendo uma alma doce, sempre ligada à natureza como um ser místico, detentora de um poder e encantamento indescritivelmente impetuosos; podendo em pequenos gestos tornar-se um simulacro.
UM OLHAR DOS (DES)ENCONTROS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA REFLEXÕES ÉTICAS
Authors: Duarte Castillo Ana , De Brito Maria dos Remédios
Published: September 2021

Nunca se escreveu tanto sobre Educação, sobre métodos, sobre objetivos educacionais, e sobre formação de professores, neste caso na área da matemática, como neste momento. Mas, no caso da ética, assumida como uma forma de relação com eu e com o outro, não existe atenção dos Educadores Matemáticos, isto se mostra na pouca pesquisa sobre a temática. Este artigo foca-se em explorar a formação de professores que vão ensinar matemática considerando o “Cuidado de si”, como uma prática ética, presente na antiguidade, em particular na cultura grega. Este conceito é resgatado na obra de Michael Foucault, em particular, no curso de 1982, onde há, pelo menos, três ideias fundamentais deste conceito. A fundamentação teórica principal são os estudos do pensador, filósofo francês, Foucault. Na primeira parte iniciamos com um percurso onde se faz um esboço sobre a formação de professores que ensinam matemática e a negação da responsabilidade social que tem a matemática. Na segunda parte faremos uma descrição histórico-política do papel da ética na educação matemática. E finalmente, a partir de exercícios filosóficos em um curso de licenciatura integrada da Universidade Federal do Pará, apresentaremos um exemplo, proveniente da escrita de si, de uma professora em formação, que irá ensinar matemática. A partir deste exemplo extraem-se reflexões que permitem explicitar as relações entre a ética- matemática e ética- formação de professores.
DELEUZE/GUATTARI/ARTAUD: DEVIR-REVOLUCIONÁRIO E BIOPOTÊNCIA - POR UM OUTRAMENTO DAS FORÇAS INTENSIVAS DE UMA CONTRAFILOFIA
Authors: Jardim Alex Fabiano , De Almeida Michelle Martins
Published: September 2021

A proposta do trabalho é produzir uma conversação entre Deleuze/Guattari e Artaud. A ideia é pensar Artaud enquanto intercessor, personagem conceitual importante para pensarmos em Deleuze o esgotamento. A valsa da escrita artaudiana, de um corpo sem deus, sem órgãos, sem juízo, nos faz andar à beira de um abismo engenhoso, onde forças que promovem um estrangulamento biopolítico pretendem nos manter no limbo do cansaço. É a experiência do esgotamento de uma vida que não suporta mais os dispositivos que segmentam a sensação do cansaço que pari o devir-revolucionário. Artaud nos faz experimentar o extremo do abandono, do desamparo, do desespero. Ao experimentar o esgotamento, linhas de articulação e de fuga se implicam por devir. Agenciamentos inventados a partir de um outramento de enunciações das mais diversas, levando-nos à dissolução de um Eu. As potências da vida, potências intensivas, seriam liberadas a partir de uma experimentação da inexistência.
IMAGENS (DES)ENQUADRADAS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: O QUE PODE O COLETIVO ESCOLAR EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA?
Authors: Nobre Pereira Werneck Hociene , Camporez Giuberti Lívia
Published: September 2021

Este artigo problematiza como professoras[1] têm (re)existido como corpo coletivo no cotidiano escolar em tempos de pandemia. Utiliza-se da cartografia e de seus fluxos imprevisíveis para movimentar o pensamento e, por meio de rede de conversações, capturar a força de ação coletiva em formações de professoras ocorridas em meio ao distanciamento social. Entendendo a força de ação coletiva como processo de resistência, mergulha nas imagens geradas durante os encontros online cartografando afetos alegres e tristes. Argumenta que as docentes experimentam, criam, resistem e (re)existem diante das trocas e aprendizagens. Nesse sentido, discute o tempo da escola como tempo que rompe com experiências cronológicas e provoca fugas às imposições e às limitações do ensino remoto, promovendo interações e (des)enquadrando imagens estáticas que potencializam outros modos de viver os cotidianos escolares.[1] Utilizamos o termo professoras no feminino, destacando a presença de mulheres como participantes e integrantes do corpo docente da escola pesquisada.
CERAMIC LAMINATE VENEERS: A 3-YEAR CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Klein -Junior Celso Afonso , Zimmer Roberto , Venturini Tatiele Filipin , de Castro Gabriel Dias , -de -Souza Fábio Herrmann Coelho , Reston Eduardo Galia
Published: September 2021

Ceramic laminate veneers have been widely used in esthetic restorations, with advantages such as color stability, resistance to degradation, and excellent esthetic results, all of which contribute to long-term stability. The gold standard technique consists of bonding a thin ceramic laminate veneer to enamel. The present paper describes a clinical case with 3-year follow-up. Six ceramic laminate veneers were planned, fabricated and bonded to six sound anterior maxillary teeth showing diastema, thereby improving shape and size. The procedure followed a laminate veneer treatment protocol, using a mock-up, shade selection, and an adhesive system. The case was followed for 3 years. In conclusion, minimally invasive restorations with ceramic laminate veneers remained stable after 3 years of follow-up and are a good option for patients with diastema or microdontia and requires only a minimum amount of sound tooth tissue removal.
Transglutaminase Crosslinked Gelatin Films Extracted from Tanned Leather Waste
Authors: Baggio E. , Scopel B.S. , Krein D.D.C. , Rigueto C.V.T. , Baldasso C. , Dettmer A.
Published: September 2021

The production of biodegradable polymers has proved to be a promising alternative, since these materials have accelerated degradation, contributing to the reduction of residues and the reduction of environmental pollution. The tannery wastes contain considerable collagen and can be used for gelatin extraction and film production for use in agriculture. Gelatin-based films, however, present some challenges for practical application, such as permeability and solubility in water, parameters that can be improved through the crosslinking process by employing enzymes, promoting the union of polymeric gelatin chains. In this context, the action of the enzyme transglutaminase was investigated to improve the properties of gelatin films recovered from leather and chitosan residues, which were evaluated according to thickness, solubility, permeability, mechanical properties, and soil degradation. The results indicated that the enzyme concentration in the films had a significant effect on the properties of water permeability and solubility and strain to rupture. The evaluation of soil degradation showed that films with higher enzyme addition took longer to be degraded.
Ionic Liquid Functionalised Nanoparticles Based Tanning System as a Less Chrome Tanning Approach
Authors: Inbasekar Chandrasekar , Fathima Nishter Nishad
Published: September 2021

Nanoparticles due to their size and high reactivity towards collagen provide potential applications in the tanning process. The current study aims to investigate the potential of ionic liquid functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles as a combination tanning agent with minimum utilization of the chromium. The experimental results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles increases the thermal stability from 62°C to 92°C. The physical strength and organoleptic characteristics of the nanoparticles-BCS tanned leather are on par with conventional chrome tanned leather. Antibacterial studies reveal that the leather tanned with nanoparticles shows improved antibacterial activity. Thus, nanoparticle based tanning system invokes a considerable array of interest as an alternative tanning process with minimal and efficient usage of chromium.
Approaches Towards Tannery Modernization and Up-Gradation: Leather Industry 4.0
Authors: Sivakumar Venkatasubramanian
Published: September 2021

Analysis of various approaches for tannery modernization and up-gradation as leather industry 4.0 need to be analyzed keeping in view of significant advancements made in different disciplines of relevance to leather sector. Holistic views and plans for cleaner image with better environmental aspects are essential for the sustainable growth of the leather sector. in this paper, various plans and strategies for the next phase of tannery modernization denoted as TAN MOD 4.0 have been presented with the main objectives of near zero discharge of chemicals, waste minimization, value addition, productivity enhancement and safe & healthy environment in tannery. Different components such as basic up-gradation concepts, modern leather processing techniques and engineering inputs for leather sector such as process control systems, necessary automation tools and Internet of Things (IoT) are discussed.
Dual Functional Replacement Syntans for Leather
Authors: Alla Jaya Prakash , Nishter Nishad Fathima , Rao Jonnalagadda Raghava
Published: September 2021

In the present study we have synthesised thermoresponsive syntan using phase changing material (PCM) encapsulated into a replacement syntan. Syntan was analysed for their particle size, thermal response was verified using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface morphology was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These syntans were applied to leathers for making leather thermoresponsive. The thermal comfort range achieved on leathers prepared using the experimental syntan was about 2.5℃, compared to control of about 0.5℃ with an error of ±0.5℃. The physical and strength properties of experimental leathers were superior compared to control.
Learning to Recognize Irregular Features on Leather Surfaces
Authors: Aslam Masood , Khan Tariq M. , Naqvi Syed Saud , Holmes Geoff , Naffa Rafea
Published: September 2021

As part of industrial quality control in the leather industry, it is important to identify the abnormal features in wet-blue leather samples. Manual inspection of leather samples is the current norm in industrial settings. To comply with the current industrial standards that advocate large-scale automation, visual inspection based leather processing is imperative. Visual inspection of irregular surfaces is a challenging problem as the characteristics of the abnormalities can take a variety of shape and color variations. The aim of this work is to automatically categorize leather images into normal or abnormal by visual analysis of the surfaces. To achieve this aim, a deep learning based approach is devised that learns to recognize regular and irregular leather surfaces and categorize leather images on its basis. To this end, we propose an ensemble of multiple convolutional neural networks for classifying leather images. The proposed ensemble network exhibited competitive performance obtaining 92.68% test accuracy on our own curated leather images dataset.
Valorisation of Tannery Waste and Animal By-Product for Acoustics Applications
Authors: Gebryergs Tesfay , Sivaranjani C. , Fathima N. Nishad
Published: September 2021

Disposal of chromium-containing solid wastes generated from the leather industry poses a major threat to tanners worldwide. Herein, we propose a strategy to utilize chrome shaving waste for sound absorption application by blending it with natural fiber, wool. The composites were prepared at various ratios with different thickness by compression molding method and subjected to characterizations like scanning electron microscope, porosity measurements, and tensile strength analysis. The sound absorption behavior of the composites was evaluated using the two-microphone impedance tube method. The results indicate that the composites with higher thickness show better sound absorption at higher frequencies when compared to the natural wool and composites with lesser thicknesses. Thus, this material can be used as a sound-absorbing material thereby paving the alternative use of leather waste utilization.
Polyurethane Electrospun Fiber Biomimetics Membrane for Constructing the Structure of Grain Layer with Good Breathability for Cattle Split Leather
Authors: Chen Nan , Li Yanchun , Qu Jianbo , Wang Jian-Yong
Published: September 2021

The traditional thick coating on split leather does not have the ability to breathe like full grain leather.  The air and water vapor permeabilities of full grain leather are well known properties due to its fiber woven structure. Simulating the fiber morphology and weaving structure of the dermis or grain layer is very important to construct a top surface layer for split leather. In this paper, a PU (polyurethane) foam layer is put first on the split to enhance the adhesion of a second application of a superfine fibrous PU resin. This foam uses well-known waterborne polyurethane foaming technology. This dried foam has good breathability because of high porosity. A superfine fiber membrane is next put atop of the foam layer by using an electro-spun polyurethane resin. This second resin imitates collagen fibers in the network structure of the leathers’ grain layer. Thus, this resultant electrospun fiber biomimetics membrane simulated the grain layer of natural leather. SEM showed the morphology and structure of this electrospun fiber biomimetic membrane to be like that of the grain layer of natural leather. The porosity and apparent density were basically the same as the grain of leather, which were 63.65% and 583.878 kg/m3 respectively. The air and water vapor permeability of the biomimetics membrane were also as high as 2250 mL·cm-2·h-1 and 8753.02 μg·cm-2·h-1 respectively. Therefore, the biomimetics membrane largely restored the ability to breathe of split leather. Thus, this method simulates the performance and structure of full grain leather and is a novel method for industrial production
IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Shumar Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Inclusive education and its application around the world has been met with significant disagreement and debates. Wide variety of interpretations and uneven application of inclusive education terminology often originates from insufficient consciousness in the Middle East. Generally speaking, inclusive education typically refers to the capability of an education system to assist all students with the academic and behavioral care,irrespective of their disability/difference (i.e., gender, ethnicity, location, language) and to help them take part and do well in the academic, social, and extra-curricular activities of any education institution together with their peers .Paying special attention to disabilities, inclusion requires analteration from isolated learning environments to inclusive classrooms within standard schools, where children with disabilities learn together with their peers without disabilities. The definition provided will aid as a frame to inspect and follow progress and opportunities of aninclusive education reform in the Middle East, while simultaneously distinguishing the importance of altering inclusive language, definitions, practices, and approaches to confirm cultural and social relevance in future. When assessing and applying the idea and practice ofinclusive education, social, cultural and historical settings, in which it exists, must be taken into consideration. Creatingmethods with no respect to the backgrounds mentioned decreasesinclusive education’s implementation of reliability and sustainability. When it comes to education, discovering ways to encounter the learning needs of students with disabilities can be perplexing, particularly in schools and areas with sternlyrestricted resources. Even though inclusive education completely involves all students, including the ones with special needs, disabilities and any other learning challenge, and has been recognizedas mainly effective in helping all students learn, the challenges along the way of its application stillcontinue.
PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ETHICS OF TEACHERS
Authors: Popovska Nalevska Gorica , Popovski Filip
Published: September 2021

Professional ethics is a theoretical and applied discipline that studies the established professional morale, behavior among people, employees in a given profession and between different professional groups. Ethics has the task not only to describe patterns of behavior and morality, but also to act through them. Schools and teachers are major factors in the ethical building of a person. They promote the general moral norms of society and, through the curriculum, organize programs on the development of positive moral properties, character and personality of the student. Pedagogical ethics is a special kind of professional ethics, which aims at creating the most accurate, most humane, most correct fulfillment of the profession teacher. Pedagogical ethics is a projection of social morality, hence the ultimate goal of the teacher is to educate members of society. The more serious contradiction of the teacher's professional role in the traditional and contemporary concept of teaching, which are often parallel in our educational practice, is only one of the more significant difficulties and reasons for the general acceptance of the code of the teacher's profession.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PENALTY SYSTEM IN THE CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN SCHOOL
Authors: Popova Hristina
Published: September 2021

School is a professionally competent institution established predominantly for socializing. Its mission along with families is to form the whole personality of an individual. Through knowledge and professionalism the teachers are the main actors in the processes of socialization and education. The presence of incomplete families and due to the transformation of the family into an area of insecurity, their role is even greater. The fulfillment of the basic functions of the education depend to a large extent on the teachers’ skills, values and abilities. The educational institution is mostly associated with the transfer of knowledge, norms, values, building the cultural foundations of society. Moreover, it is also an effective place for achieving of social experience. In addition to its specific activity related to the learning process, school also performs its external function of preserving and maintaining social order. This function is largely implemented through providing school discipline and complying with the school penalty system in a fair way. To solve the problems related to the discipline, the contemporary Bulgarian school has to focus on the efforts in two directions: 1) Continuous skills improvement of the pedagogical specialists so that the educational contents are presented in an accessible and understandable language, in a way consistent with the age characteristics of the students and improvement of their skills in the class management. Teacher-student relationships need to be built on a partnership basis; 2) The active interaction with the parents as the main actors in the chain “family-school-society” is the second direction where our efforts have to be focused on. The role of parents is crucial in the adoption and support of school policies. Parents and teachers should become a model of honesty, respect, reputation, and self-control to educate and develop adequate behavioural patterns in children. Harmonizing the Bulgarian with the European school legislation is related to the adoption of different normative regulations. A step towards improving the framework and special legislation is the adopted Pre-school and School Education Act, the State Standard for Inclusive Education and the Inclusive Education Regulation. Their goal is to achieve a new and better condition of process of education. Logically, it also includes the whole penalty and encouragement system. The effectiveness of each of the regulated normative punishments is analyzed on the basis of deep interviews conducted by the author among Bulgarian teachers and psychologists.
METHODS FOR STIMULATION OF ACTIVE LEARNING IN STUDENTS
Authors: Petkova Iskra
Published: September 2021

In pedagogical practice as a whole there is a growing tendency of employing methods and means that stimulate and activate students to learn during the training process and to enhance their cognitive and professional competencies. An empiric study has been conducted, to discuss and analyze the level of assessment made by students, on methods for active learning stimulation. A survey has been conducted among students studying in two professional orientations. An assessment card has been developed, with main question “Lecturers stimulate active learning of students by using predominantly the following training methods”, structured in two main parts: a) assessment of methods used by the lecturers in the process of training (from 2 to 6 ascending index scale); b) lecturers create conditions for active learning of students by providing opportunity for students to ask questions; give freedom for sharing own ratiocinations; use multimedia devices; include examples from practice; relate the problem to students’ future profession; use various means and techniques (three-index responsive scale: 1 – never, 2 – sometimes, 3 – always). Scope of survey - 102 students from the Medical college at the Medical University of Pleven, from two departments - Health Care (N = 45) and Social Activities (N=57) who have participated voluntarily. The data from the survey for the first part of the question have been analyzed for each department and for the second part the total results from the survey among students from both professional orientations have been shown. Relative rate of highest index responses only are displayed in tables, as they use the highest index and show most determined, explicit choice. The three units subject to analysis, with highest rate of assessment of training methods employed by lecturers, marked by the respondents from Health Care Department are: Seminars -77,78%, Laboratory and Practice - 76,56%, Lectures - 62,22%; results for respondents from Social Activities Department: Case Solving - 68,42%; Lecture, Game Method, Situational Method - 66,68%; Project Method - 56,14%. Regarding the methods for activation of students attitude during the training process the first three places of highest absolute rate of units of analysis, the respondents determine “opportunity for students to ask questions”- 85,29%; “freedom for sharing own ratiocinations” - 82,35%; “using multimedia devices” - 79,41%. The employed methods of training define the main frame for the learning process and support the subject-subjective pedagogical interactions between lecturers and students, for achieving specific educational objects and stimulation the activity in mastering professional knowledge, for creation of a real relation between training and practice. In the training process the lecturers stimulate students’ active attitude by creating conditions for searching answers to various issues, for free expression of opinions and self-development of future specialists.