bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Horizontal Crown Fracture in Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth Restored with Amalgam
Authors: Ali Shah Pir Jawad , Syed Muzammil Hussain  , Ajmal Yousaf  , Faisal Bhangar  , Maham Wahid  , Nafiah Bashir
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of horizontal crown fracture in endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with amalgam when compared to other restorative materials.
Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of study: Operative Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Patients reporting to Operative Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, were studied for the frequency of horizontal crown fractured endodontically treated teeth restored with amalgam and other restorative materials. History, clinical examination, mobility and trans-illumination test were used to diagnose horizontal crown fracture. Fracture of one or more cusps of endodontically treated posterior teeth involving enamel and dentin was taken as Horizontal crown fracture.
Results: A high percentage of patients with amalgam restoration after endodontic treatment of posterior teeth experienced horizontal crown fracture as compared to composite and glass ionomer cement. Out of 54 patients included in the study, 42(77.8%) patients were having amalgam restorations while 6(11.1%) patients were having composite and other 6(11.1%) were restored with glass ionomer cement material.
Conclusion: Patients with endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with amalgam presented with a high percentage of horizontal crown fracture as compared to other restorative materials and there is a need to provide full coverage restoration of endodontically treated tooth as soon as possible to enhance its survival.
Correlation between Haemoglobin and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Khattak Afshan , Hanif Waqas , Younas Muhammad , Ijaz Aamir , Ali Oshaque , Ullah Safi , Sana Iqbal
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the correlation between hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2019.Subject and method; After approval from ethical community and written informed consent from the patient, sample were obtained under strict aseptic technique and were immediately sent to hospital laboratory to detect glycosylated hemoglobin level.
Result: One hundred and ninety-five (195) patients were studied out of which (161) were female gender and (34) were male gender. The correlation between hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin level through Pearson correlation coefficient shows a very low negative correlation of -0.253 which is statistically significant with p-value <0.001.
Conclusion; Correlation of hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin level thus may prove to be useful and consistent predictive indicator in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Predictors of Response to Methotrexate Naïve Female Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Syed Nazir Ahmed  , Salman Mushtaq  , Babur Salim  , Zafar Ayub  , Pir Zahid  , Ammar Ahmed
Published: October 2023

Objective: To see the factors that affect response to Methotrexate in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Study design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Rheumatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2019 to Jan 2020
Methodology: Rheumatoid arthritis patients 18 to 75 years of age, 115 in number all females were selected from rheumatology outpatient department (OPD) at FFH, Rawalpindi. All patients in the study were started on Methotrexate first time. Patients were assessed at baseline and after three months. At week 0 and week 12 Disease Activity score 28(DAS28), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was calculated. Inflammatory markers were measured in blood samples. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data interpretation.
Results: About 115 were the total patients included in the study, with a mean age (in years) of 50.63±10.50. Association between response to Methotrexate and age shows that age <50 shows good response to Methotrexate in 54% while 51.7% shows good response to Methotrexate in patient’s age >50 years (p-value 0.754). Non-smokers have 55.3% good response as compared to 33.7% in smokers (p-value 0.128). Sero-negativity in Rheumatoid arthritis shows a EULAR good response in 65% of patients while only 44% in seropositive Rheumatoid arthritis (p-value 0.024)
Conclusion: In females current smoking, seropositive status predicts worse response to Methotrexate while age, comorbidities and occupation have no impact on response to Methotrexate.
Depression Among Dialysis Dependent end-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital in Bahawalpur
Authors: Malik Suhail Iqbal , Idrees Muhammad Khalid , Khan Raheel , Maqbool Sidra , Rasool Urwah , Ahmad Farid-ud-din
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of depression among dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease patients, associated factors and effect on patients’ compliance and clinical performance parameters.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018.
Methodology: End-stage renal disease patients above 16 years of age who were on maintenance haemodialysis for more than 6 months were requested to complete the questionnaire of Urdu version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9. The information about missed treatments, shortened sessions, fluid overload and monthly laboratory data was obtained from medical records. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score was calculated for all the patients and categorized as mild (5), moderate (10), moderately severe (15) and severe (20) depression.
Results: There were 146 dialysis dependent end-stage renal disease patients (95 males, 51 females) with mean age of 45.1±14.3 years. Duration of dialysis dependence was significantly higher among females (p=0.022). Out of 146 patients, 116 had depression and 27(18.5%) had severe depression. Patients with depression were younger (p=0.037) and lack of social support was significantly associated with depression (p=0.018). Severe depression was significantly more frequent among females (p=0.041). Serum albumin was significantly low among patients with depression (p=0.044).
Conclusion: Depression is common among haemodialysis dependent end-stage renal disease patients. It is common among young patients and those who lack social support and it is associated with hypoalbuminemia.
Association of Parity with Triple Negative Breast Cancer, A Case Control Study
Authors: Memon Batool Aslam , Haider Ghulam , Ahsan Mahnoor , Ahmed Khalil , Taj Asra , Rani Berkha
Published: October 2023

Objective: To find out association between number of children and triple negative breast cancer among females presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medical Oncology Department, Jinnah postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan from Aug 2019 to Mar 2020.
Methodology: Total 465 patients of age 17-80 years were included using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. About 150 cases were patients with triple negative breast cancer and 315 controls were breast cancer patients other than triple negative breast cancer. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse data.
Results: The mean age of study sample was estimated as 46.07±11.32 years. Most of the females had grade II (53.3%), stage III (44.9%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (94.2%) histological type of tumor. In univariate logistic regression model, triple negative breast cancer was found to be associated with high parity (OR=4.51,95% CI=2-10.15, p<0.10), age at menarche [Mean 11.8yrs.] (OR=1.38,95%CI=1.08-1.78, p<0.10) and age at first birth [Mean 20.61yrs.] (OR=1.17,95% CI=1.10-1.23, p<0.10. In multivariate logistic regression model, predictors such as high parity (OR=4.26,95% CI=1.84-9.83, p<0.05), age at menarche (OR=1.31,95%CI=1.01-1.69, p<0.05) and age at first birth (OR=1.20,95% CI=1.13-1.27, p<0.05) remained significantly associated with triple negative breast cancer.
Conclusion: Study showed that high parity is significantly associated with triple negative breast cancer.
Assessment of HER2NEU Gene Amplication by Flourescence in Situ Hybridization in Breast Carcinoma with Equivocal Findings on Immunostaining
Authors: Taj Asra , Ghulam Haider  , Maliha Ashfaq  , Mahnoor Ahsan  , Khalil Ahmed  , Wish Hal Sundar
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of HER2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization in Breast carcinoma patients with equivocal findings and to see its association with different clinicopathological features.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of study: Medical Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: Total 166 females of age 22-72 years with diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma which scored 2+ for HER2/neu by immunostaining were included in the study. Data regarding socio-demographics and clinicopathological features were noted for all the cases. Each patient was evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptor status by immunostaining and score of 0 to 2 was deemed as negative while score 3 to 8 was deemed as positive. Patients having equivocal HER2/neu on immunostaining was further tested for gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Results: The mean age of study participants was 46.98±11.22 years (Range: 22-72 years). Out of 166(56.5%) showed gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Statistically significant association was found between stage of tumor and HER2/neu (p=0.036).
Conclusion: HER2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization is detected in more than half of patients with equivocal findings on IHC and HER2/neu is strongly correlated with stage of tumor.
Comparison of Frequency and Types of Anemia in Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Euthyroidism
Authors: Gul Sardar Jawad , Mirza Zil-e-Humayun , Ahmed Waqas , Gul Sardar Fawad , Gul Kiran , Basri Rabia
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the frequency and types of anemia in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid patients.
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.
Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, PNS Shifa, Karachi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited Medicine Department, PNS Shifa Karachi were included in the study. After ethical approval and informed written consent patients were divided into two groups, subclinical hypothyroidism group (149 patients) and euthyroid group (148 patients). Blood samples of all included patients were sent for hematocrit, mean cell volume and hemoglobin level to assess the outcome i-e anemia & its different types.
Results: A total of 297 patients were included in the study. Amongst the sub clinically hypothyroid patients, anemia wasnoted in 40 patients (26.9%), while in the euthyroid group, it was noted in 23 patients (15.5%). In the subclinical hypothyroidism group, the type of anemia was microcytic in 13 patients (8.7%), macrocytic in 7 patients (4.7%) and normocytic in 20 patients (13.4%); while in the euthyroid group, anemia was microcytic in 7 patients (4.7%), macrocytic in 4patients (2.7%) and normocytic in 12 patients (8.1%).
Conclusion: The commonest type of anemia found in sub clinically hypothyroid patients is normocytic normochromic anemia.The frequency of anemia was 26.9% in the subclinical hypothyroid group and 15.5% in the euthyroid group.
Comparision of Laryngeal Mask Airway and Endotracheal Tube for Post-Operative Sore Throat and Hoarseness of Voice
Authors: Habib Nauman , Hussain Aftab , Akram Muhammad , Ali Ahsan , Saqib Usman , Khan Shanza
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare effectiveness of Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube to evaluate post-operative sore throat and hoarseness of voice among anesthetized adults.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Operation Theatre Complex, Surgical Ward 1 and 2, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun to Oct 2020.
Methodology: A total of 70 patients of both gender undergoing elective surgeries were included. Afterwards a lottery method was applied to segregate patients randomly into Group-L and Group-T. In Group-L, airway was secured with laryngeal mask airway while in Group-T, airway was secured with endotracheal tube. Hoarseness of voice was evaluated at time of extubation and 24 hours post extubation.
Results: Demographic data was comparable in both groups. Mean time of anesthesia was 71.31±22.87 and 82.86±32.34 minutes for Group-L and Group-T respectively with p-value of 0.09. Sore throat was seen in 12(34.29%) patients in Group-L as compared to 19(51.43%) in Group-T (p-value=0.094). Hoarseness of voice was seen in 3(8.57%) patients in Group-L as compare to 13(37.14%) in Group-T (p-value= 0.005).
Conclusion: There was less occurrence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice in patients undergoing elective surgery with laryngeal mask airway as compared with endotracheal tube.
Evaluation of Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on HbA2 Levels
Authors: Hafeez Ammara , Naeem Samina , Nasir ud Din Khattak  , Robert Helen Mary , Jabeen Shehneela , Tasneem Asma
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA2 levels.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Oct 2020.
Methodology: A total of 206 subjects were included in the study out of which 56 served as healthy controls. Five milliliters of whole blood were extracted in an EDTA tube and basic haematological parameters were performed using automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX-21). HbA2 levels were determined by cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis at alkaline pH (Mini Hor-8). Serum Ferritin levels were measured by chemiluminescence on Cobas e411 and Serum Iron levels by spectrophotometric method using ferrozine (Cobas c501).
Results: Mean hemoglobin in control group was 12.5±0.7 g/dL and in iron deficiency anemia group was 8.1±1.36 g/dL (p=0.01). Mean HbA2 level in control group was 2.69±0.24% and iron deficiency anemia group was 1.76±0.25 % (p=0.001). HbA2 levels were reduced in individuals having haemoglobin levels less than 10g/dL and remained unchanged/minimally changed with hemoglobin levels reaching near normal levels.
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association of HbA2 levels with degree of anemia and serum ferritin levels (p=0.001).
Platelet Indices as a Tool for Differentiation between Clonal Thrombocytosis and Reactive Thrombocytosis
Authors: Hafeez Ammara , Nasir ud Din Khattak  , Naeem Samina , Robert Helen Mary , Mohsin Shamaila , Mahmood Amal
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the efficacy of platelet indices as a tool for differentiation between clonal thrombocytosis and reactive thrombocytosis.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2019 to Oct 2020.
Methodology: Fifty-six subjects were included in Reactive thrombocytosis group and 56 in Clonal thrombocytosis group. Fresh blood in EDTA anticoagulant was analyzed to determine complete blood counts and platelet parameters (Platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, Platelet large cell ratio, Plateletcrit) using the automated hematological analyzer Sysmex KX-21.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 45.76 years with a range of 17-75 years. Assessing the cause of reactive thrombocytosi revealed that 20(35.7%) was infection and 16(28.5%) was iron deficiency anemia. In clonal thrombocytosis group 21(37.5%) were diagnosed with Chronic myeloid leukemia, 13(23.2%) with Essential thrombocythemia and 14(25%) with  Polycythemia rubera vera. Platelet indices were compared in clonal thrombocytosis group and the reactive thrombocytosis group. Mean platelet volume, Platelet large cell ratio and Plateletcrit were significantly higher in the clonal thrombocytosis group (p=0.001). Difference in Platelet distribution width was not found to be statistically significant in the two groups (p=0.07)
Conclusion: Platelet indices were higher in the clonal thrombocytosis group. Along with platelet count, they can serve as an efficient and cost-effective method in differentiating between clonal and reactive thrombocytosis.
Knowledge of Malaria and Preventive Behaviour Amongst Allied Healthcare Workers at the Central African Republic
Authors: Alam Urooj , Novera Sohail Bajwa  , Rehana Khadim  , Anam Haider  , Ali Ghawas  , Anam Manzoor
Published: October 2023

Objective: to determine the knowledge of malaria and preventive behaviour among Allied Healthcare Workers at the Central African Republic.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Central African Republic from Dec 2021 to May 2022.
Methodology: Allied Healthcare Workers deployed at the Central African Republic as part of the International Organization for Peacekeeping were included in the study. A questionnaire was designed to determine the study participants’ knowledge and preventive behaviour. Association was made between the previous history of malaria and preventive behaviour using the chi-square test.
Results: A total of two hundred and twenty-one (n=221) study participants were included in the study with a mean age of 35.73±4.89 years (Range: 22 to 47 years). 49(22.17%) Allied Healthcare Workers had a previous history of malaria. 212(95.9%) of the study participants had adequate knowledge about the mode of transmission and prevention practices. There was a significant association between the previous history of malaria and Allied Healthcare Workers’ preventive behaviour p<0.001).
Conclusion: Most study participants had an adequate understanding of malaria, and those with prior malaria exhibited better preventive behaviour. In malaria-stricken regions, it is essential to take preventative measures.
Comparison of Topical Anesthesia, Intracameral 1% Lignocaine and Topical Anesthesia and Intravenous Acetaminophen and Topical Anesthesia for Phacoemulsification in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Munir Ali Arslan , Rana Sumbal , Naeem Saquib , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Aftab , Hussain Shafqat
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical Proparacaine 0.5%, topical Proparacaine 0.5% and topical Proparacaine 0.5% for intraoperative analgesia and surgeon’s score undergoing simple cataract surgery.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan,from Sep 2022 to Mar 2023.
Methodology: Sixty patients aged 40 years and more, ASA-l and ll, undergoing elective simple cataract surgeries were observed by taking 20 patients in all three groups (n=20). Group-T: Topical Anesthesia group, 0.5% Proparacaine Group-I: Topical Anesthesia & Intracameral 1% Lignocaine Group-A: Topical Anesthesia and IV Acetaminophen groups were randomly allocated for pretreatment to either receive the 0.5% Proparacaine Eye drops (Group-T) or 0.5%Proparacaine eye drops with Intracameral 1ml 1% Lignocaine (I group) or 0.5% Proparacaine Eye drops with intravenous Acetaminophen 15ml/kg (A group). Incidence of pain by Visual analogue scale/wong-baker faces scale was noted. The surgeon’s comfort was assessed by using Gupta’s surgeon score questionnaire.
Results: The results showed Group-I had better analgesic score than Group-T with only 1(5%) patient had a score of 4 but even more significant efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen plus topical anesthesia (Group-A) was shown as compared to rest of the groups with none (0%) patient had a VAS score of 4 (p-value=0.002). The results also showed Group-I had better surgeon comfort score than both Group-T and Group-A, with only 1(5%) patient had a score of 7 or above as compared to Group-T, 9(45%) patients and Group-A 7(35%) patients. (p-value=0.005).
Conclusion: Intravenous acetaminophen plus topical
Spectrum of Etiologies and Clinical Presentation of Patients with Extraocular Motility Disorders Presenting to a Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic
Authors: Ijaz Umar , Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Khan Muhammad Imran Sarwar , Abbas Hussnain , Hameed Asem , Rauf Abdul
Published: October 2023

Objective: To provide an account on the demographics, etiology, co-morbidities, presentation findings and frequency of patients with cranial nerve palsies presenting to our Neuro-Ophthalmology clinic.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Dec 2017 to Jun 2022.
Methodology: A total of 82 patients were included in the study. The data was compiled on a single proforma by a single investigator which included Co-morbidities, presentation findings (ptosis, headache, diplopia, extra-ocular movements, Anisocoria, Visual Acuity for both eyes, Media and Fundus examination findings). Contrast Enhanced MRI (CEMRI) results were also tabulated where performed. Potential causes such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, space occupying lesions, aneurysms and injury were also documented for each patient.
Results: A total of 22 patients had 3rd nerve palsy, 9(40.91%) out of them had partial 3rd nerve palsy while 6(27.31%) had ischemic 3rd nerve palsy. Out of 45 cases of 4th and 6th nerve palsy, 13(28.90%) patients had ischemic fourth nerve palsy and 13(28.90%) patients had ischemic 6th nerve palsy, followed by post-traumatic fourth nerve palsy.
Conclusion: We have provided an account of the possible etiologies and presentation findings in patients presenting with ocular motility disorders in our setting. Diabetes Mellitus was the most common microvascular cause for ischemic cranial nerve palsies. More sinister pathologies like myasthenia gravis, often presenting as mimickers of isolated cranial nerve palsies were quite common in our study.
The Influence of Organizational Activeness and Time Management on Students' Communication Ability
Authors: Choirunisa Mila Mutiara , Madjid Abd
Published: October 2023

The aim of the research is: 1) to prove the influence of organizational activeness towards the communication ability, 2) to prove the influence of time management towards the communication ability, and 3) to prove the influence of organizational activeness and time management simultaneously towards the communication ability. The research implemented quantitative approach. The population of the research was students who were active in organization of Islamic Education in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta from batch 2020 and batch 2021, consisting of 93 students. The data collection was done using questionnaire with Likert scale. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistic and multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The results of the research are as follows: 1) Organizational activeness gives partial influence and has positive influence towards the communication ability of Islamic Education students from batch 2020 and batch 2021 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. 2) Time management gives partial influence and has positive influence towards the communication ability of Islamic Education students batch 2020 and batch 2021 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. 3) The organizational activeness and time management gives simultaneous influence towards the communication ability of Islamic Education students from batch 2020 and batch 2021 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Moreover, the amount of influence of organizational activeness and time management towards the communication ability of Islamic Education students from batch 2020 and batch 2021 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is 53.7%.

Keywords: : Organizational Activeness, Time Management, Communication Ability
Reverberações da formação continuada nos indicadores educacionais de uma escola pública estadual cearense
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Jeovane do , Barros Romão Francisco de Oliveira , Mota Maria Elidiane Albuquerque , Nascimento Rita de Cássia do , Sousa Gabriel Linhares de , Castro Eliziane Rocha
Published: October 2023

O relato tem por objetivo discorrer sobre as reverberações de um processo de formação continuada, desenvolvido durante o ano de 2022 e ofertado a professores de Matemática que lecionavam em turmas da terceira série do ensino médio, na melhoria dos indicadores educacionais de uma escola pública estadual cearense, mensurados através do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará – SPAECE. O processo formativo foi iniciado em abril de 2022 e concluído em novembro do mesmo ano. A formação continuada, quando atrelada às necessidades e anseios docentes pode repercutir em melhorias no repertório de conhecimentos específicos, didáticos e pedagógicos dos professores, culminando no planejamento e execução de aulas mais qualificadas e que reverberem na aprendizagem dos estudantes com os quais os docentes vivem e interagem no cotidiano escolar.
Buena administración y confianza legítima: a propósito de las liquidaciones del IIVTNU en las transmisiones mortis causa
Authors: Salas García-Neble Luis Miguel
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2023 en la modalidad de Tributación.
Pese a figurar en la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea desde hace más de dos décadas, y ser corolario del principio de buena fe, no ha sido hasta fechas recientes cuando ha tenido lugar la configuración práctica del derecho a una buena administración. La silueta del mismo, en ocasiones erróneamente invocado como sinónimo del principio de confianza legítima, ha sido moldeada en los últimos años por nuestros Altos Tribunales, trazándolo como límite al exorbitante poder ejecutivo y coercitivo de la Administración tributaria.
En este trabajo analizaremos de forma práctica los criterios doctrinales y jurisprudenciales que vienen marcando la fisionomía de los principios de buena administración y de confianza legítima. Asimismo, estudiaremos si de ellos puede colegirse algún recurso que ofrezca solución a ciertas desigualdades creadas por el alcance de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 182/2021, de 26 de octubre, que declaró inconstitucional la forma de cálculo del impuesto sobre el incremento de valor de los terrenos de naturaleza urbana.
Los Tribunales Económico-Administrativos ante su centenario en 2024
Authors: Ruiz Toledano José Ignacio
Published: October 2023

Los Tribunales Económico-Administrativos desde 1924 resuelven las reclamaciones económico-administrativas (nacidas en 1881) para revisar los actos tributarios antes de la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa.
Los órganos económico-administrativos (Tribunales Económico-Administrativos Central, Regionales y Locales y la Sala Especial para unificación de doctrina) actúan con independencia funcional en el ejercicio de sus competencias, pero el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en el caso Banco de Santander (C-274/14) concluye que los Tribunales Económico-Administrativos no cumplen con la exigencia de independencia en su aspecto interno que caracteriza a los órganos jurisdiccionales a los efectos del artículo 267 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea. Sin embargo, es innegable que existe dentro del Ministerio de Hacienda separación funcional entre la Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria y los Tribunales Económico-Administrativos.
Su centenario el próximo año 2024 es un buen momento para entender su origen y evolución, de analizar su situación actual y de evaluar las posibilidades de evolución y mejora.
ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ԵՎ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆԻ՝ ԴՐԱՄԱՆԻՇ ԲԱՂԱԴՐԻՉՈՎ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔԱՅԻՆ ՄԻԱՎՈՐՆԵՐԻ ԶՈՒԳԱԴՐԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ / CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND ARMENIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS COMPRISING A MONETARY UNIT
Authors: HAYRAPETYAN ASHKHEN
Published: October 2023

The present article is devoted to the comparision of English and Armenian monetary systems and to the reflection of monetary units in the phraseological units of the contrasted languages. An attempt was made to provide thorough information about the origin of money, the etymology of the currency names in the languages under study and to analyze phrases with the names of monetary units in English and Armenian. The aim of this article is to find the characterisitc features of English and Armenian phrases and their linguo-cultural differences. Such a contrastive-typological approach helps disclose the peculiarities of national mentality and psychology.
Contemporary Poem and Communication Crisis with Recipient
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa Sajid , Mohammed Zaid Qasim
Published: October 2023

The research explores the problems of the modern and contemporary poem, and the data it encounters that prevented it from reaching its reader. The research indicated the most influential problems in this path. In an attempt to correct some deviant or illusory paths, he enumerated the role of (imitation and reproduction - the characteristic of poetic language - intertextuality - the poem crafting - the text and its effectiveness - the poem between restrictions and literary norms and breaking away from them) These axes do not mean the problems of the entire poem, but they are important and the actor in the estrangement between the poem and the recipient. It is an attempt that may open the way for an academic student to delve into its apparent far-reaching extent, returning to the poem some of its brilliance that has been absent from it for tens of years.
The Standards of Origin and Branch in “Sharh Al-Tas’heel” by Ibn Malik
Authors: Ahmed Sundus Othman Shehab , Mehabash Enad Mikhlif
Published: October 2023

The grammarians set their rules by carefully observing the linguistic material that they extracted and available to them from the Holy Qur’an, and the words of the eloquent Arabs, as they began to classify the patterns and abstract them, and whenever they found similarities between the phenomena, they considered it a rule, and carried on it its counterparts from what was not heard of the Arabs or was not mentioned in the eloquent texts. As for the phenomena that were forbidden to them and they could not organize them into a rule, they considered them among the anecdotes that are preserved from the Arabs and cannot be measured against, and that includes fundamentalist standards pertaining to the grammatical origin and its branches with Ibn Malik. about it, so that the grammar lesson is in perfect harmony, and at steady and confident steps.
Erosión hídrica, redistribución del carbono orgánico del suelo y conservación del suelo y agua: una revisión
Authors: Aguirre-Salado Olimpya T. , Pérez-Nieto Joel , Aguirre-Salado Carlos A. , Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro I. , Gallardo-Lancho Juan F.
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica influye en los flujos positivos y negativos de carbono hacia la atmósfera.Objetivo: Identificar las principales tendencias de investigación con respecto a la influencia de la erosión hídrica en la redistribución del carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) y su relación con las prácticas de conservación del suelo y agua.Materiales y métodos. La literatura publicada en revistas nacionales e internacionales se consultó en Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, ResearchGate y Google Académico. Mediante palabras clave predefinidas se analizaron las tendencias de investigación y se agruparon según su afinidad.Resultados: En el periodo 2012-2022, 80 % de la investigación global se enfocó en la redistribución del COS por efecto de la erosión hídrica y en el efecto del manejo del suelo y de las prácticas de conservación; sin embargo, no se encontraron trabajos al respecto en México. Debido a la erosión hídrica, en México se han implementado programas para la construcción de obras de conservación de suelos y aguas con éxito significativo, como las presas de control de sedimentos, pero no se han evaluado los impactos en términos del almacenamiento de C.Conclusiones: En México existen áreas de oportunidad para enfocar la investigación a diferentes escalas: (I) analizar la redistribución del COS por efecto de la erosión hídrica, (II) estimar el almacenamiento del COS en sedimentos, (III) analizar el potencial de prácticas mecánicas de conservación de suelo y agua como sumideros de carbono y (IV) proponer un índice de riesgo de pérdida del COS utilizando sensores remotos.
Características genéticas de las propiedades de la madera de 14 clones de Gmelina arborea Roxb. en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Cruz-Vargas Moisés A. , Gaitán-Álvarez Johanna , Ávila-Arias Carlos , Moya Roger , Murillo-Cruz Rafael
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Gmelina arborea Roxb. es plantada en los programas de reforestación con clones para mejorar la productividad.Objetivos: Evaluar las propiedades de la madera y determinar la heredabilidad de 14 clones de G. melina para establecer un ranking genético de selección.Materiales y métodos: El ensayo se estableció con un diseño de bloques completos al azar (seis bloques de seis individuos de cada clon de 36 meses de edad). El volumen y área basal, las propiedades morfológicas del árbol (diámetro, corteza, albura y duramen) y físicas de la madera (peso específico, densidad verde y humedad) se determinaron en cada individuo.Resultados y discusión: Los parámetros de crecimiento no variaron significativamente (P > 0.05) entre los 14 clones. En el análisis genético, el clon no tuvo efecto significativo sobre el peso específico ni el contenido de humedad, mientras que la altura del fuste del árbol sí influyó significativamente sobre todas las variables. La interacción clon*altura no fue significativa en las variables estudiadas. En cuanto al control genético, se determinaron valores altos de heredabilidad individual solo para el porcentaje de duramen. El análisis de ranking evidenció que los mejores clones fueron el 1, 7, 12 y 13, posicionándose en la categoría 1.Conclusiones: Cuatro clones fueron superiores considerando el crecimiento y algunas propiedades de la madera, los cuales presentan potencial para seguir mejorando genéticamente a G. arborea en los programas de reforestación.
Aproximaciones a la valoración económica de productos no maderables del Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná, Paraguay
Authors: Peralta-Kulik Natalia , Amarilla Rodríguez Stella Mary , Pérez de Molas Lidia , González Villalba Jorge
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan los bosques es un esfuerzo necesario para el manejo sostenible de los ecosistemas forestales.Objetivo: Estimar el valor económico de uso directo expresado a través de los productos forestales no maderables (PFNM) del Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná, Paraguay.Materiales y métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en una parcela permanente de monitoreo de 1 ha y se utilizó el método directo de precios de mercado. Las especies no maderables se identificaron y se clasificaron de acuerdo con sus usos, se priorizaron según su importancia comercial y se aplicaron precios referenciales del mercado nacional.Resultados y discusión: Se identificaron 36 especies con posibles usos no maderables (medicinal, ornamental, alimenticio y artesanal), entre las cuales se priorizaron: Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm., Miltonia sp., Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl., Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (Schott. ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo, Billbergia nutans H. Wendl. ex Regel, Acianthera sp. y Chusquea ramosissima Lindm. La categoría medicinal fue la mejor representada (71 %). El valor económico de los PFNM priorizados con usos ornamentales y precios de mercado por unidad fue 2 270 USD∙ha-1.Conclusiones: El valor económico de los PFNM del Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná constituye un monto de referencia que representa el rol importante de los productos no maderables en el manejo sustentable de los bosques tropicales.
Descripción y biología de una nueva especie de Zadiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Cibrián-Tovar David , Hernández-Contreras Alexa , Sánchez-Martínez Guillermo , Villanueva-Morales Antonio
Published: October 2023

Introducción: En los bosques de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, de 2018 a 2021, se detectaron infestaciones severas por una especie de mosca sierra del género Zadiprion (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), considerada previamente como Zadiprion howdeni.Objetivo: Corroborar la identidad y generar información sobre aspectos biológicos y ecológicos del defoliador Zadiprion sp. que afecta el arbolado de Pinus en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca.Materiales y métodos: El desarrollo biológico del defoliador Zadiprion sp. se estudió mediante muestreos de campo en bosques de Santa Catarina Ixtepeji. La especie se identificó mediante observación de las características morfológicas externas e internas del estadio adulto, con base en claves taxonómicas de dipriónidos. El número de instares se estimó a través de la medición del ancho de la cabeza de las larvas en imágenes digitalizadas y del ajuste a un modelo matemático.Resultados y discusión: La especie que ha causado las infestaciones en el área de estudio no es Z. howdeni sino una especie nueva denominada Zadiprion llanderalae nov. sp. Las larvas se alimentaron de acículas de Pinus oaxacana Mirov., Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. y Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham., siendo la primera el hospedante principal. La especie tiene una generación por año. En campo se obtuvo una densidad promedio de 39.2 ± 9.69 capullos∙m-2; 50.1% de estos fueron atacados por parasitoides, entre ellos avispas del género Exenterus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).Conclusiones: Se describe la especie Z. llanderalae nov. sp. y se aportan datos sobre su ciclo biológico. Esta información es importante para la planificación de su manejo.
Relación densidad-tamaño máxima para bosques mixtos de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Abel J. , Reyes-Hernández Valentín J. , De los Santos-Posadas Héctor M. , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Quiñonez-Barraza Gerónimo
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La relación densidad-tamaño máxima (RDTM) describe la dinámica de los rodales con mezcla de especies y es fundamental en la implementación de tratamientos silvícolas para el control de la densidad.

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la composición de especies en la RDTM en bosques templados mixtos de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México.Materiales y métodos: Se analizó la RDTM con un modelo potencial y otro exponencial con observaciones de rodales con mezcla de especies y bajo dos enfoques. El primero (E1) describió la trayectoria de la RDTM sin considerar la proporción de especies y el segundo (E2) incluyó la proporción de especies en cuatro grupos: Pinus, Quercus, otras coníferas y latifoliadas. Ambos enfoques se analizaron con regresión de frontera estocástica (RFE) y regresión por cuantiles (RC).Resultados y discusión: Los resultados de E1 fueron favorables con el uso de RC, ya que mostró una trayectoria superior de los datos para definir la RDTM en forma lineal y cóncava. En el E2 se diferenciaron los coeficientes alométricos de la relación densidad-tamaño para los cuatro grupos de especies y RC estimó la RDTM con proporción de especies de manera adecuada. En las especies tolerantes a la sombra (otras coníferas y latifoliadas), la pendiente estimada fue más negativa respecto a las intolerantes (Pinus y Quercus).Conclusiones: Para los bosques mixtos, la RDTM se explica de forma adecuada cuando es dependiente de la composición de las especies, ya que esta influye en el comportamiento de la línea de máxima densidad, útil para la planeación de estrategias de manejo de la densidad en bosques mezclados.
HYDROGENATION OF POLY-α-OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS OVER PALLADIUM AND PALLADIUM-NICKEL CATALYSTS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kainaubek Toshtay
Published: October 2023

Poly-α-olefinic compounds are a component of base oils obtained by catalytic polymerization of linear alpha-olefins with subsequent hydrogenation, used for aviation and ground technology, and occupy an important place in the industry. Products of oligomerization contain one double bond; which needs to be hydrogenated to make it resistant to various chemical transformations during the production of lubricating oils. Methodology. Hydrogenation was carried out in an autoclave, which allows maintaining a constant temperature and pressure of hydrogen with measurement of the volume of absorbed hydrogen, excluding external diffusion inhibition. Catalysts were characterized by the following methods: specific surface area by BET, and particle size by transmission electron microscopy. The product of the reaction was characterized by the following methods: density, bromine number, IR, kinematic viscosity, and freezing point. Results and discussion. For the hydrogenation of poly-α-olefinic compounds, 0.5–1.0% Pd catalysts applied to modified natural diatomite clay are proposed. It is shown that modification with additional nickel leads to a decrease in activity. Conclusion. It has been found that palladium catalysts carry out the process under milder conditions, exhibit higher activity compared to nickel catalysts, significantly reduce the process time, and provide a higher degree of hydrogenation. The activity of bimetallic catalysts is lower than that of palladium catalysts. The physicochemical characteristics of polyalphaolefin oils have been determined. It has been found that palladium catalysts carry out the process in milder conditions, show higher activity compared to nickel catalysts, significantly reduce the process time, and provide a higher degree of hydrogenation. The activity of bimetallic catalysts is lower than that of palladium catalysts.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COUSINIA MINDSCHELKENSIS B. FEDTSCH. BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Sitpayeva G.T. , Kurmantayeva A.A. ,   RSE on the REM "Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction" FWCM EGNR RK, Kenesbay A.H. ,   RSE on the REM "Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction" FWCM EGNR RK
Published: October 2023

Vegetation is important component and factor of the redistribution of chemical elements in the landscape. One or another type of vegetation determines the amount and nature of soil organic matter, often affects the degree of development of browning processes, affects the chemical composition of the air, is an environmental indicator. The study and isolation of physiologically active compounds from plant raw materials and the determination of the place of their demand is the most important urgent task. Cousinia mindschelkensis B. Fedtsch. It is a rare species from the Asteraceae. Methods. In the Research Center of Medicinal Plants of the Al-Farabi KazNU, analyses were carried out for the determination of organic compounds by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and analyses of 70% of alcohol extracts of the aboveground and underground parts species by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography on a liquid chromatograph. Results. Some of the components identified by GC-MS are biologically active compounds. The GC-MS method revealed the presence of 55 phytochemical compounds in the aboveground and 38 in the underground part of plants that can contribute to the medicinal properties of this species. Conclusion. Compounds have some important biological potential for future drug development. Of the aboveground part of the plant includes bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1.7.7-trimethyl-, (1S)- (9.50%), hexadecanoic acid (8.05%), cis-Vaccenic acid (7.66%), 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (7.40%), hanphyllin (7.01%), 5.8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8 a,9,10-decahydro-2(3H)-phenanthrenone (6.51%), dibutyl phthalate (5.64%), while the underground part of the plant has a spike of components such as octacosane (26.84%), β-amyrin (22.35%), β-sitosterol (12.63%), 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (8.43%).9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- it is present both in the aboveground (7.40%) and in the underground part of the plant (8.43%).
Завдання повоєнного розвитку і модернізації промисловості України в контексті домінуючих світових тенденцій
Authors: Антонюк Валентина
Published: October 2023

В статті аналізуються проблеми промислового розвитку України внаслідок війни – втрати активів та зниження обсягів промислового виробництва. Розглянуто домінуючі світові тренди індустріального розвитку, вектори промислової політики США і ЄС. Проаналізовано державні та громадські зусилля і заходи з формування підходів до стратегії повоєнної відбудови і реконструкції промислового сектору. В їх контексті систематизовано завдання повоєнної модернізації промисловості України.
Research on key factors of event tourism success
Authors: Akhundova Aytakin Gasan
Published: October 2023

Event tourism is rapidly gaining popularity in the modern world, attracting millions of travelers ready to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of unique events and occasions taking place worldwide. This type of tourism offers a unique opportunity to combine relaxation and entertainment with active participation in diverse cultural, sports, musical, and other captivating events. However, the establishment and successful development of event tourism depend on a multitude of factors. In this article, we will explore the key factors influencing the formation and development of event tourism.
Динамічне програмування складових валового внутрішнього продукту в агросфері України
Authors: Павлик Володимир
Published: October 2023

Викладено методичні положення з динамічного програмування складових валового внутрішнього продукту на основі методу комбінаторики, що дає змогу передбачати макроекономічні умови розвитку агросфери України, здійснювати її інструментальні оцінки на міжнародному рівні.
Сучасні підходи до розвитку професійної освіти та навчання в країнах Европейського Союзу
Authors: Забіяка Ірина
Published: October 2023

У статті здійснено огляд та аналіз основних, пріоритетних напрямів та тенденцій розвитку системи професійної освіти та навчання ( ПОН) в країнах Европейської співдружності. Схарактеризовано вектори розвитку европейського професійної освіти та навчання в контексті міжнародної взаємодії, та визначені основні завдання, що стоять перед законодавцями ЕС у даній галузі освітньої діяльності. У статті проаналізовано напрямки реалізації політики щодо забезпечення навчання протягом усього життя та інклюзії як загальної концепції майбутнього сталого розвитку система професійної освіти та навчання в країнах Европейського Союзу. У дослідженні використано аналітичні матеріали провідного Европейський центру з розвитку професійної освіти Cedefop, а також на результати власних досліджень з проблеми розвитку професійної освіти та навчання у зарубіжних країнах. Згідно з дослідженнями Cedefop схарактеризовано основні ознаки майбутнього розвитку професійної освіти та навчання в країнах Европейської співдружності. За результатами дослідження виділено кілька можливих підходів до трансформації европейської професійної освіти та навчання з позиції перегляду їх ролі як соціально-економічного елементу.
Condițiile legale privind nașterea obligației de întreținere între membrii familiei
Authors: Strelciuc Viorica
Published: October 2023

Prezenta lucrare constituie o cercetare munuțioasă a condițiilor legale prevăzute în legislația Republicii Moldova care urmează a fi îndeplinite în vederea stabilirii obligației de întreținere între membrii familiei atât pentru creditorul obligației cât și pentru debitor.