bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWARA ve COPELAND Yöntemleri ile Global Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Önem Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YARLIKAŞ Serdar , ARSLANER Cafiye
Published: January 2020

Global tedarik zinciri yönetiminde hedefe ve başarıya ulaşmak için doğru işletilmesi gereken bir takım faktörler vardır. Bunlar kritik başarı faktörüdür ki bir firmanın başarısı için çok önemli ve gerekli olan faktörleri ve işlemleri ifade etmektedir. Global tedarik zincirini en etkin şekilde yönetmek için yapılan detaylı literatür taraması sonucu ortaya çıkan kritik başarı faktörleri şu şekilde sıralanmıştır; Benzersiz ürün ve hizmet, Çalışanların iş yapma arzusu, Düşük maliyetler, üstün kalite, uygulama hızı, Yerel gereklilikleri ve talepleri yerine getirme ihtiyacı, Kapasitenin Artırılması, Mevcut pazar taahhütlerini yerine getirme gerekliliği, rekabet edebilen bir insan kaynağı, Etkin ve rekabetçi küresel tedarik zinciri stratejisi, Yönetmelikler, Etkin bir risk yönetimi ve bilgi yönetim sistemi, Etkin bir talep planlama sistemidir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle, global tedarik zinciri yönetimini etkileyen başarı faktörleri incelenmiş, daha sonra, takip eden aşamada, bu başarı faktörlerinin önem sıralamaları ve önem düzeyleri SWARA yöntemi uygulanarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, SWARA yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçların sağlamasının yapılabilmesi için COPELAND yöntemi kullanılmıştır. SWARA yöntemi uygulaması için kullanılan karar verme anketi Kocaeli’nde bulunan bir küresel tedarik zinciri şirketindeki uzmanlara uygulanmıştır. Bu anket ile elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda en önemli kriterin 0,108 değeri ile ‘uygulama hızı’, en düşük öneme sahip kriterin ise 0,050 değeri ile ‘yönetmelikler’ olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç ise küresel tedarik zinciri ile ilgili literatürdeki çalışmaların sonuçları ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen kriter ağırlıkları firmalar tarafından global tedarik zinciri yönetim sistemlerinin seçiminde kullanılabilir.
The formation of ceramide from sphingomyelin is associated with cellular apoptosis.
Authors: Dawson G , Goswami R , Kilkus J , Wiesner D , Dawson S
Published: January 2020

The apoptotic response of the immature B-cell to the cross-linking of surface IgM receptors provides a good model for cell death and we show in WEHI-231 B-cells that the time course of apoptosis corresponds to the increased formation of ceramide, as measured either by mass (using the diacylglycerol kinase method) or radiolabelling with [3H]palmitate. Inhibitors of sphingosine biosynthesis have no effect on cell death induced by anti-IgM in WEHI-231 but inhibitors of ceramidase accelerate apoptosis, suggesting that activation of sphingomyelinase is the key event in apoptosis. We have demonstrated this by in vitro assay of neutral sphingomyelinase. Apoptosis is also important in normal brain development and neuronal survival is dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activation by growth factors (insulin, nerve growth factor etc.). Withdrawal of these growth factors or inhibition of PI3-kinase with wortmannin or LY294002 activated the pro-apoptotic CPP32 (Yama/Apopain/caspase 3, EC 3.4.22), activated neutral sphingomyelinase and increased ceramide formation in an immortalized dorsal root ganglion cell line F-11. Protection against apoptosis can be achieved by overexpression of the bc12 family of proteins or addition of drugs which elevate cAMP levels. cAMP protects against apoptosis induced by either wortmannin or staurosporine. The specificity for cAMP was confirmed by showing protection with the specific agonist (Sp)cAMPS and increased killing with the antagonist (Rp)cAMPS. However, cAMP did not protect against ceramide killing, suggesting that there are at least two major pathways of apoptosis in neuronal cells.
L-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol stimulates ganglioside biosynthesis, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in cultured cortical neurons, and ameliorates memory deficits in ischemic rats.
Authors: Inokuchi J , Kuroda Y , Kosaka S , Fujiwara M
Published: January 2020

To address the role of brain gangliosides in synaptic plasticity, the synthetic ceramide analog, 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) was used to manipulate the biosynthesis of gangliosides in cultured cortical neurons. Spontaneous synchronized oscillatory activity of intracellular Ca2+ between the neurons, which represents synapse formation, was suppressed by the depletion of endogenous gangliosides by D-threo-PDMP, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase. The decreased functional synapse formation was normalized by supplementation of GQ1b but not by the other gangliosides, suggesting that de novo synthesis of ganglioside GQ1b is essential for the synaptic activity (Mizutani A. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222, 494-498, 1996). On the other hand, the enantiomer of the inhibitor, L-threo-PDMP, could elevate cellular levels of glycosphingolipids including gangliosides. This paper presents our recent findings on the neurotrophic actions of L-threo-PDMP in vitro and in vivo. We found that L-PDMP could up-regulate neurite outgrowth, functional synapse formation and ganglioside biosynthesis through activating GM3, GD3 and GQ1b synthases. Simultaneously, the activity of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase was also facilitated by L-PDMP. To evaluate the efficacy of this drug on long term memory, rats were trained for 2 weeks using an 8-arm radial maze task, and then forebrain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion (for 10 min x 2 with a 60 min interval). Repeated treatment of L-threo-PDMP (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 6 days, twice a day) starting 24 h after the ischemia, improved the deficit of the well-learned spatial memory, demonstrating the potential therapeutic use of the ceramide analog for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tumours--assay with possible prognostic value for oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy.
Authors: Wroczyński P , Laskowska A , Wierzchowski J , Szubert A , Polański J , Słowiaczek M
Published: January 2020

A novel fluorimetric assay, allowing independent measurement of the activities of two principal cytosolic forms of human aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH-1 and ALDH-3 (known as a tumour-associated ALDH) was applied to estimate the activities of these isoenzymes in human liver and thyroid tumours. The assay is based on two artificial substrates, 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-62) and 7-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-71), exhibiting excellent substrate properties toward various forms of human ALDH (see Wierzchowski et al., 1997, Anal. Biochem. 245, 69-78). We have found significant differences in ALDH activities between malignant and non-malignant tissue fragments, particularly in cancerous livers. Out of 16 tumours examined, only 4 exhibited ALDH-1 activities comparable to that found in the tumour-free tissue (0.5-2.5 U/g), while in the remaining 12 this activity was at least 10-fold lower. The ALDH-3 activity was detectable in about 40% of both tumour and tumour-free liver samples (maximum value 1.5 U/g). Comparison of 13 pathological thyroid fragments revealed ALDH activities in the range of 0.02 to 0.35 U/g, with two malignant samples showing activities of 0.27 and 0.18 U/g. Both substrate specificity and kinetic behaviour of the thyroid ALDH (Km values for the fluorogenic naphthaldehydes as well as propanal inhibition profile) were similar to those of the purified ALDH-1. In 5 thyroid samples traces of ALDH-3 activity was detected, using MONAL-62 and NADP+ as substrates (maximum value 0.04 U/g). Possible prognostic value of the foregoing measurements for cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is discussed.
Fazendo pessoas, fazendo coletivos: as mulheres xikrin do Bacajá
Authors: Cohn Clarice
Published: January 2020

Este artigo busca demonstrar como as mulheres xikrin (as menire) participam ativamente na produção de pessoas e coletivos, mostrando, ainda, a partir de várias novas atuações e iniciativas que elas têm tomado, o quanto têm potencializado o feminino em tempos de crise e desafios, tendo em vista sua participação na produção de pessoas, coletivos e de seu kukradjà, conceitodebatido na análise. O texto, fruto de quase 30 anos de convívio e estudo, argumenta que, se as mulheres sempre tiveram uma parte importante nesse processo, elas a têm potencializado nos últimos anos, enfrentando os desafios e estando na luta.
Apresentação dossiê "Corpo, terra, perspectiva: o gênero e suas transformações na etnologia"
Authors: Matos Beatriz De Almeida , Santos Julia Otero dos , Belaunde Luisa Elvira
Published: January 2020

Apresentação do dossiê.
Studying the income sources of Isfahan football clubs with entrepreneurial approach
Authors: Salehnia Bahram , Nasrabadi Hosein Hamami
Published: January 2020

The present study investigated the income sources of Isfahan soccer clubs with an entrepreneurial approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and nature and uses the qualitative method and content analysis. The statistical population of this research includes all experts and experts on the requirements and methods of income generation of football clubs (including football club managers, sports management professors and economists and management professors), of which 30 are goal-oriented and the snowball method was selected as a sample, and interviews were used to collect the data. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared, and the Friedman test and correlation analysis of varianceâ€“covariance matrix were used. The research showed that all three research hypotheses were approved. The revenues from football clubs in Isfahan province with the entrepreneurial approach of various aspects were determined, and ticket prices on the income of football clubs of the entrepreneurial approach are effective and broadcast on the income of football clubs of the entrepreneurial approach is effective.

Keywords: Income sources, football clubs, Isfahan province, entrepreneurship.
A bibliometric analysis of research on principal leadership and student achievement
Authors: Ozdemir Nedim
Published: January 2020

This study aims to explore the bibliometric review of research on principal leadership and student achievement. The study consists of 473 articles indexed in the Web of Science database between 1992 and August 2019. This database provides access to bibliographic data of publications. Data were analysed by using VOSviewer software to create co-authorship, keyword and citation map. Descriptive statistics and social network analysis were used for data analysis. There are 93 items that are mentioned at least four times in 473 articles. These keywords grouped into nine clusters. The most common keywords are achievement, school leadership, principal, school improvement, instructional leadership, teachers and performance. The temporal analysis finds that recent interest revolves around teacher evaluation, teacher professional development, trust and collaboration. Researchers can do a similar study in the field of school leadership and school culture.

Keywords: School principal, academic achievement, bibliometric analysis.
Over kanserinin epidemiyolojisi ve genel sağ kalım özellikleri
Authors: GÜZEL Duygu , YILDIRIM Nuri , BESLER Ayşegül , AKMAN Levent , ÖZDEMİR Necmettin , ZEKİOĞLU Osman , ÖZSARAN Zeynep , ŞANLI Ulus Ali , GÖKER Erdem , HAYDAROĞLU Ayfer , TEREK Mustafa Coşan , ÖZSARAN Ahmet Aydın
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesinde 1992-2017 arası tanı alan ve tedavisi yapılan 1770 over kanserli olgunun epidemiyolojik ve sağ kalım özelliklerini analiz etmek ve sonuçlarını literatürle karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Kanserle Savaş Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi tarafından toplanan over kanseri verileri CANREG özel bilgisayar programına kaydedilmiş, DSÖ ve SEER sistemleri temelinde gruplanarak analizler yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-kare, General Linear Model, Kaplan Meier sağ kalım analizleri uygulanmıştır. Kaplan Meier sağ kalım analizinde Log Rank (Mantel-Cox), Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon) ve Tarone-Ware istatistikleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistik analizlerde p
Elmanın Bazı Geometrik ve Hidrodinamik Özellikleri ile Zedelenme Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKÇAKAL Tuğçe , SARAÇOĞLU Türker
Published: January 2020

Amaç:Bu çalışmada; iki yerli elma çeşidi (Arapkızı ve Amasya) meyvelerinin boyut, nem içeriği, kütle, hacim, yoğunluk, küresellik, projeksiyon alanı, yuvarlanma direnç katsayısı gibi fiziksel özellikleri ile elma çeşitlerinin su içerisindeki kritik hızı, sürtünme kuvveti, kaldırma kuvveti gibi hidrodinamik özellikleri ve zedelenme hacmi, zedelenme alanı, absorbe edilen enerji gibi zedelenme parametreleri belirlenmiştir.Materyal ve Metot:Çalışmada iki farklı elma çeşidi ve her çeşitten 55 adet olmak üzere toplam 110 adet örnek kullanılmıştır. Meyvelerinin boyut, nem içeriği, kütle, hacim, yoğunluk, küresellik, projeksiyon alanı, yuvarlanma direnç katsayısı gibi fiziksel özellikleri ile elma çeşitlerinin su içerisindeki kritik hızı, sürtünme kuvveti, kaldırma kuvveti gibi hidrodinamik özellikleri ve zedelenme hacmi, zedelenme alanı, absorbe edilen enerji gibi zedelenme parametreleri belirlenmiştir.Bulgular:Boyutsal özellikleri bakımındanArapkızı çeşidi Amasya çeşidinden daha büyüktür.  Su içerisindeki kritik hız, sürtünme kuvveti ve kaldırma kuvveti değerleri, Arapkızı çeşidi için sırasıyla 0.414 m.s-1, 0.327 N, 1.874 N olarak, Amasya çeşidi için ise sırasıyla 0.417 m.s-1, 0.264 N, 1.571 N; olarakbelirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar:İki farklı yüzeye çarpma sonucu meyvelerde oluşan zedelenme alanı ve zedelenme hacmi ile düşme yükseklikleri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Meyvelerin farklı yüzeylere çarpmaları sonucu absorbe edilen enerji değişimleri, düşme yüksekliği arttıkça artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Granular Cell Tumor: A Rare Breast Lesion
Authors: Dutra Sofia , Marques José Carlos
Published: January 2020

Granular cell tumors are uncommon, and are usually benign neoplasms that can mimic malignancy on breast imaging tests. These tumors can originate anywhere in the body and the breast accounts for only a few cases of all granular cell tumors. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with a granular cell tumor of the breast presenting clinically on breast imaging (ultrasound, mammography and magnetic resonance) as a suspicious lesion. Core needle biopsy was performed for tissue diagnosis and was consistent with granular cell tumor that was confirmed in the histopathological report of the surgical specimen following a breast lumpectomy. Given the rarity of this tumor, we present this case to highlight this diagnostic hypothesis, that can be challenging and frequently confused with breast carcinoma.
Patients attitude towards an alcohol content and halalness of cough medicines
Authors: Rahem Abdul
Published: January 2020

The halalness of medicines in Indonesia is an interesting case to study, given that the consumption of medicines and halal food is an obligation for the majority of Indonesia's Muslim population. Since the legalization of Law 33 of 2014 about Halal Product Assurance (UU JPH), there are still differences of opinion in several ministries in Republic Indonesia regarding the implementation of medicinal products, especially for medicines that are classified as life-saving. This research was conducted during August 2018 and aims to analyze the attitudes of cough sufferers towards the halalness of cough medicine and their attitude towards medicines containing alcohol. This study uses an observational design, the research variable is the attitude towards halal and alcohol content in drugs, and the drugs received. During one month, 25 respondents obtained in 5 apothecaries; 2 apothecaries in Bangkalan Regency and 3 apothecaries in Pamekasan Regency. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results showed that 100 percent of patients wanted halal drugs and did not contain alcohol. From the data obtained, showed that 68 percent of patients received cough medicines containing alcohol between 2.50 – 10 percent.
Analysis on Non Muslim Heir Position Towards the Inheritance of Muslim Testator in Indonesia
Authors: Tangkau Tonic , Tangkau Daniel Julian , Thalib Prawitra , Nugraha Xavier , Agustin Windy
Published: January 2020

Article 171 section c the Compilation of Islamic Law which was ratified through the Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1991 stressed that one of the conditions for heirs in Islamic inheritance law is Mulsim. In its development, the requirement of the Islamic religious obligation is deemed not to provide justice, this can be seen from the many complaints filed by the community to the court. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this study is Firstly position of Non-Muslim Inheritance of Islamic Inheritance Inheritance according to positive law in Indonesia Secondly, to find out the position of Non-Muslim Inheritance Against Islamic Inheritance Inheritance from various court decisions in Indonesia. This research is a juridical research, with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results of this study indicate, that First, according to positive law in Indonesia, Non-Muslim Heirs are not entitled to Islamic Inheritance. Secondly, in its development, to fulfill the sense of justice in the community, the judge in Indonesia, decided that the Non-Muslim heirs, although not entitled to become heirs, were still entitled to the inheritance of the Islamic heirs through the obligatory wills. This can be seen from the various court decisions that exist, such as Supreme Court Decision Number 368 K/AG/1995, Supreme Court Decision Number 51 K/AG/1999, Supreme Court Decision Number 16 K/AG/2010, and Supreme Court Decision No. 331 K/Ag/2018
The relationship between European Brent crude oil price development and US macroeconomy
Authors: Faseli Omid
Published: January 2020

Abnormal volatility has a damaging effect on the macroeconomy and is seen as a measure of risk in asset and commodity markets. This investigation had the aim to analyze the supposed transatlantic volatility inducing effect of the most prominent scheduled macroeconomic news announcements from the United States (US) on Brent Blend crude oil price intraday volatility over a period of seven years from 2012 to 2018. The objective was to generate a ranking list of scheduled US macroeconomic news that forecast high intraday volatility episodes at precise points in time. A total of 38 US news was analyzed using a data mining workflow. Data modeling was conducted using a simple ordinary least squares regression model and performed with programming language Python. A one hour window of rolling standard deviation based on one minute high-frequency closing prices were applied. As a result, 20 scheduled US macroeconomic news was successfully identified to significantly impact Brent crude oil price volatility. The model strongly supports the forecast of high price fluctuations and provides an opportunity for market players to adjust their risk management strategies right in time.
Criticality in Pareto Optimal Grammars?
Authors: Seoane Luis F , Solé Ricard
Published: January 2020

What are relevant levels of description when investigating human language? How are these levels connected to each other? Does one description yield smoothly into the next one such that different models lie naturally along a hierarchy containing each other? Or, instead, are there sharp transitions between one description and the next, such that to gain a little bit accuracy it is necessary to change our framework radically? Do different levels describe the same linguistic aspects with increasing (or decreasing) accuracy? Historically, answers to these questions were guided by intuition and resulted in subfields of study, from phonetics to syntax and semantics. Need for research at each level is acknowledged, but seldom are these different aspects brought together (with notable exceptions). Here we propose a methodology to inspect empirical corpora systematically, and to extract from them, blindly, relevant phenomenological scales and interactions between them. Our methodology is rigorously grounded in information theory, multi-objective optimization, and statistical physics. Salient levels of linguistic description are readily interpretable in terms of energies, entropies, phase transitions, or criticality. Our results suggest a critical point in the description of human language, indicating that several complementary models are simultaneously necessary (and unavoidable) to describe it.
On the Cognitive Bases of Illusionism: An Untapped Tool for Brain and Behavioral Research
Authors: Camí Jordi , Gomez-Marin Alex , Martínez Luis M.
Published: January 2020

Cognitive scientists have paid very little attention to magic as a distinctly human activity capable of creating situations or events that are considered impossible because they violate expectations and conclude with the apparent transgression of well-established cognitive and natural laws. And even though magic techniques appeal to all known cognitive processes from sensing, attention and perception to memory and decision making, the relation between science and magic has so far been mostly unidirectional, with the primary goal of unraveling how magic works. Building up from the deconstruction of a classic magic trick, we provide here a cognitive foundation for the use of magic as a unique and largely untapped research tool to dissect cognitive processes in tasks arguably more natural than those usually exploited in artificial laboratory settings. Magicians can submerge every spectator into the precise experimental protocol they have previously designed, accounting with ease for both circumstantial and social contexts. Magicians do not base the success of their experiments in statistical measures that smear out the individual in favor of an average spectator that we know never exists in the real world. They target each and everyone in the audience and, often, with a complete accomplishment. Magicians deliver their cognitive manipulations in real-time, in tight closed-loop with the audience, and in a single trial (they cannot afford to repeat the trick if it fails). Magic has also an inherent and strong social component, merging the private cognitive processes of each spectator with the group dynamics. Finally, when combined with the wide range of precise measuring and wearable technologies available today, magic paves the way for a road not taken towards real-world cognitive science. We dare to speculate that some of the mysteries of how the brain works may be trapped in the split realities present in each magic effect.
A New Vision on the Prosumers Energy Surplus Trading Considering Smart Peer-to-Peer Contracts
Authors: Neagu Bogdan-Constantin , Ivanov Ovidiu , Grigoras Gheorghe , Gavrilas Mihai
Published: January 2020

A growing number of households benefit from the government subsidies to install renewable generation facilities such as PV panels, used to gain independence from the grid and provide cheap energy. In the Romanian electricity market, these prosumers can sell their generation surplus only at regulated prices, back to the grid. A way to increase the number of prosumers is to allow them to make higher profit by selling this surplus back into the local network. This would also be an advantage for the consumers, who could pay less for electricity exempt from network tariffs and benefitting from lower prices resulting from the competition between prosumers. One way of enabling this type of trade is to use peer-to-peer contracts traded in local markets, run at microgrid (μG) level. This paper presents a new trading platform based on smart peer-to-peer (P2P) contracts for prosumers energy surplus trading in a real local microgrid. Several trading scenarios are proposed, which give the possibility to perform trading based on participants’ locations, instantaneous active power demand, maximum daily energy demand and the principle of first come first served implemented in an anonymous blockchain trading ledger. The developed scheme is tested on a low-voltage (LV) microgrid model to check its feasibility of deployment in a real network. A comparative analysis between the proposed scenarios, regarding traded quatities and financial benefits is performed.
A Prediction - Communication P2V Framework for Enhancing Vulnerable Road Users’ Safety
Authors: Vourgidis Ioannis , Maglaras Leandros , Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Al-Bayatti Ali H. , Ferrag Mohamed Amine
Published: January 2020

The field of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems and more specifically Pedestrians to Vehicles (P2V) could be characterized as quite challenging, since there is broad research area to be studied, with direct positive results to society.P2V is a type of Cooperative Intelligent Transport System, within the group of Early Warning Collision/Safety System. In this article, we examine the research and applications carried out so far within the field of Pedestrians to Vehicles Cooperative Transport Systems by leveraging the information coming from VRU’s smartphones. Moreover, extensive literature review has been carried out in the fields of VRUs Outdoor Localisation via smartphones and VRUs Next Step/Movement Prediction, that are closely related to P2V applications and research. We identify gaps that exist in these fields that could be improved/extended/enhanced or newly developed, while we address the future research objectives and methodologies that could support the improvement/development of those gaps. We also propose a P2V security framework that combines prediction and communication capabilities in order to avoid accidents between pedestrians and vehicles.
On Fixed Point for Derivative of the Interval-Valued Functions
Authors: Muslikh Mohamad , Kılıçman Adem , Sapar Siti Hasana , Bachok Norfifah
Published: January 2020

In this article, we show the existence of fixed point for the derivative of interval-valued functions. Meanwhile, the fixed point inquiry will utilize the common fixed point methods under the condition of compatibility of the hybrid composite mappings in the sense of the Hausdorff metric. Some examples are given to support the usability of the result of this research .
4G Model of Final Unification - A Very Brief Report
Authors: Seshavatharam U. V. S. , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: January 2020

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant; and 3) Considering a fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be split into quark fermions and quark bosons. Further, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV and hadron masses seem to be generated by a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. With further study, a workable model of final unification can be developed.
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) - A Food Additive
Authors: Naveen Kumar R. , Uday Kumar P. , Hemalatha R.
Published: January 2020

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) also known as glutamic acid is a non essential amino acid used as a flavor enhancer worldwide. MSG is found naturally in tomatoes, grapes, cheese, mushrooms and other foods. It is one of the most widely used food additive in commercial foods. Monosodium glutamate is believed to be associated with different health problems viz., obesity, asthma, metabolic disorders, Chinese restaurant syndrome, neurotoxic effects and detrimental effects on the reproductive organs. Literature showed MSG was associated with adverse side-effects particularly in animals including induction of obesity, diabetes, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic and genotoxic effects. Literature showed that increased consumption of monosodium glutamate may be associated with harmful health effects. Further Intensive research is required to explore monosodium glutamate–related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
Dietary Counselling Using Nutrition Care Process Pathway in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy Improves Nutritional Status, Quality of Life and Patient Experience Compared with Standard Practice - A Randomized Controlled Single Cen
Authors: Krishna Priya N. G. , Chakraborty Shalini
Published: January 2020

To determine the impact of Intensive Dietary Counselling (IDC) using Nutrition Care Process (NCP) pathway compared with standard practice (general nutrition advice of foods taken ad libitum) on nutritional status and Quality of Life (QoL) in patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The patient satisfaction with the IDC model was assessed. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 150 adult patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy at Cytecare Cancer Hospitals, Bengaluru. Patients were randomized to receive either dietary counselling using NCP pathway (n=80) or standard practice (n=70). Outcome measures were QoL assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 and nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment at baseline and after 12 weeks of starting treatment. Patient experience was recorded using organizational patient satisfaction survey tool. The dietary counselling group showed improved QoL compared with the standard practice group at the end of 12 weeks of starting treatment (p<0.01). The body weight and nutritional status significantly improved in the group that received dietary counselling using the NCP pathway compared with standard practice (p<0.01). The dietary counselling group also reported higher patient satisfaction with the nutrition intervention compared with standard practice. Dietary counselling following the nutrition care process pathway result in significant difference in the QoL and nutritional status compared with standard practice in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Nutrition intervention using this model also increased the patient experience.
Knowledge of Diet and Lifestyle Measures for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Kanneganti Aishwarya , Sajid Asma , Sashi Latha
Published: January 2020

 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) pose significant risks to materno-fetal health. Appropriate knowledge of the condition ensures timely intervention. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations in HDP differ from those in the non-pregnant population. Salt restriction is not recommended and physical activity may be contraindicated. The aim of the study is to identify the knowledge of pregnant hypertensive Indian women about normal blood pressure in pregnancy, warning signs and complications of HDP and control measures. A cross sectional study was conducted in maternity centres using purposive convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. One hundred women completed the study. Sixty three per cent knew what constituted high blood pressure, 56% and 60% had a knowledge score of ≤ 50% for warning signs and complications of high blood pressure respectively. When questioned about control measures, women believed that dietary modifications (88%), physical activity (84%), bed rest (51%) and weight loss (44%) were important. With respect to knowledge of salt intake recommendations, 39% correctly identified the daily recommendation, 93% believed salt reduction is necessary and 21% believed salt elimination is required. Thirty nine per cent of women stated high calcium foods are beneficial for control. Post diagnosis, 80% and 38% reported salt reduction and use of low sodium salt, respectively. Traditional home remedies cited included bananas, spinach, curry leaf, garlic, barley water, flax seeds and beetroot. In adequate awareness of HDP may delay necessary medical interventions. Misconceptions regarding salt restriction need to be addressed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Counseling regarding a healthy diet for HDP and risks associated with excess physical activity and strict bed rest need to be communicated more effectively.
Effect of Multigrain Supplement on Improving Haemoglobin Level among Anemic Pregnant Women of Below Poverty Line
Authors: Prabhat Archana , . Meghana
Published: January 2020

Anemia during pregnancy is a global public health challenge facing the world today. It is one of the potentially lethal complications of pregnancy leading to large number of maternal and foetal losses but it is preventable and curable. The study was aimed to screen and identify the pregnant women of first trimester (10-12 weeks) who are having iron deficiency anemia and to evaluate the effectiveness of multigrain supplement (malt powder) among the pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in improving the level of haemoglobin. This descriptive study was conducted among pregnant women of age group (18-30 years) residing in rural place Kanamadagu of Kudligi taluk. Sixety of them were randomly selected based on Haemoglobin (Hb) level <10 gm/dL and interviewed with help of self-structured questionnaire tool. Collected data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 99.5% and about three fourth of subjects were falling within the mild (10-11 gm/dL) category of anemia. Most significant raise in Hb level found to be in 4th week compared to intermediated weeks of malt consumption. Use of multigrain supplement was found to be the most effective way to overcome anemia i.e. from mild to normal range Hb level.
Radiation Exposure in Orthopaedics
Authors: Frane Nicholas , Megas Andrew , Stapleton Erik , Ganz Maximillian , Bitterman Adam D.
Published: January 2020

» The damaging effects to human tissue caused by radiation exposure have been documented since the first reports regarding use of radiographs in the late nineteenth century.

» Orthopaedic surgeons and residents often are undereducated about the risks associated with radiation exposure and the recommended safety precautions to help mitigate these potential risks.

» Orthopaedic surgeons need to adopt the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle: whenever possible, all available precautions should be taken to keep all members of the operating room safe from radiation exposure while emphasizing the best appropriate care for patients.

» An emphasis on radiation safety and protection should be universally incorporated into graduate medical education.
Aging and metalloproteinases expression in mussels extracellular matrix
Authors: Bosiacki Mateusz , Lubkowska Anna
Published: January 2020

Emerging traits of cachexia in the elderly are usually attributed to disease, reduced physical activity, reduced appetite, reduced metabolic rate, and reduced energy demand. Lower physical activity and malnutrition lead to sarcopenia, understood as age-related skeletal muscle loss, often associated with reductions in strength, speed of contraction, and muscle power. In addition, the loss of muscle mass observed in old age may be due to changes in the nervous and endocrine systems, changes in muscle metabolism, decreased cell proliferation capacity, chronic age-related inflammation and oxidative stress, chronic disease conditions, and use of pharmaceuticals.

Many diseases of muscle are accompanied by increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) from the zinc-dependent endopeptidase family, which are involved in the matrix remodeling process that accompanies muscle regeneration. Disorders of collagen accumulation resulting from changes in MMP expression may lead to pathological processes of muscle fibrosis.

With the exception of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP), MMP are synthesized in cells and secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Secretory MMP can aggregate on cell surfaces by binding to MT-MMP, along with molecules responsible for cell adhesion, integrins or proteoglycans. To date, over 20 subtypes of metalloproteinases have been classified, each coded by different genes.

MMP–induced degradation of structural matrix components (such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin) creates space for suitable cells and facilitates cell migration through the matrix. These enzymes are also involved in the regulation of cell activ ity and take part in inflammatory reactions. Many of the peptides released during partial ECM proteolysis may also act as signaling molecules with autocrine or paracrine action. MMPs also participate in cell-cell communication.

Under physiological conditions, MMP are expressed at a very low level in tissues. Induction of expression occurs only in times of ECM reconstruction. Due to their protease activity, these enzymes remain under strict multi-level regulation, i.e. at the level of transcription, post-translational processing, secretion, activation, and degradation. Active MMPs are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and by numerous cytokines and growth factors.
Extensive dentigerous cyst associated with a maxillary mesiodens in a 55-year-old male – case report and literature review
Authors: Rubinkiewicz Aleksandra , Sikora Maciej , Sielski Marcin , Stąpor Agata , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Supernumerary teeth as mesiodentes in adults are a rare condition. Given that mesiodentes often interfere with the eruption of normal permanent incisors, the majority are diagnosed in teenagers. In some cases, this pathology is associated with the presence of a dentigerous cyst. Imaging techniques play a significant role in the diagnosis of cysts, particularly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Once the correct diagnosis is established, appropriate therapeutic measures – usually surgical – should be initiated promptly.

The case presented here is that of a 55-year-old male with an extensive dentigerous cyst arising from a maxillary mesiodens. The decision was made to perform enucleation of the cyst along with the mesiodens inside it. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia. No complications were observed in the postoperative period. The histopathology report confirmed a dentigerous cyst. Radiograph images obtained 10 months post-surgery showed spontaneous bone tissue reconstruction.
Human microbiome as a source of folate modifiable by nutritional and non-nutritional factors
Authors: Gumiela Dorota
Published: January 2020

Hippocrates, in 400 years before our era, indicated that the intestines are central to human health and that “bad digestion is the root of all evil”. The microbiome influences immune status, protects against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms, performs metabolic and trophic functions, and participates in the synthesis of vitamin K, B1, B6, B12, and folic acid. Diet is a key factor in determining its composition. For many microbial strains, p-aminobenzoic acid is an indispensable substrate for the formation of folates. Bifidobacteria (HRB) strains in humans are mainly responsible for the synthesis of folates. Non-HRB strains that have the ability to synthesize folates include B. thermophilum and B. longum ssp. The only hitherto indicated factor that can affect the microbiota’s potential for folate synthesis is metformin, which improves glucose tolerance in people with type II diabetes. Metformin reduces the production of glucose in the liver by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, and reduces the absorption of glucose. In order to thoroughly understand the ability of the microbiota to synthesize folic acid, it is necessary to conduct studies that include people with varying degrees of exposure to factors that may affect health, such as: poor dietary habits, smoking, low physical activity, diet-related diseases, or taking medications.
Management of pain in outpatients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Rynio Paweł , Cnotliwy Miłosław , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Rakocz Anna , Dembińska Teresa , Tyszkiewicz-Bandur Monika , Gutowski Piotr
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a condition resulting from chronic impaired limb perfusion by arterial blood, which is always accompanied by rest pain. The key objectives of treatment are to prevent high-level amputations and to manage pain. Currently there are no strong recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy for pain in patients with CLI.

The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesics currently used in patients with CLI on an outpatient basis and to assess their effectiveness in pain treatment.

Materials and methods: The study included 88 patients diagnosed with CLI, who declared taking a painkiller in the past 12 h. Patients were asked for the name of the drug. The truth of the declaration was verified by the presence of the drug in the serum of 45 randomly selected patients. All patients rated pain intensity on a numerical scale (NRS) before and after treatment. Their mental state was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test.

Results: The most commonly used analgesics were ketoprofen, ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Pain management was successful in 11.4% of patients. Average pain intensity before taking the drug was 8.34 points (SD 1.27) and 5.85 (SD 1.57) after. In only 11 patients the presence of the declared drug was confirmed in serum. In 22 patients other drugs were found. For patients who reported that analgesic medication was ineffective, MMSE value averaged 22.1 (SD 4.95) and 25.1 (SD 4.25) for the group reporting effective treatment, p = 0.07. Patients reporting ineffectiveness of medications had suffered for an average duration of 8.2 weeks (SD 1.39), while the effective group average 5.2 weeks (SD 5.13), p = 0.06.

Conclusions: Treatment of pain in patients with CLI in an out-patient setting is ineffective because it is based on medications used in the treatment of nociceptive pain and not neuropathic pain. There is an urgent need to improve the treatment of pain in patients with CLI by educating family doctors.
Necrosis and massive perforation of the small intestine in the course of lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Jagielski Wojciech , Mazur-Grzesiuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Necrosis and perforation of the small intestine of non-vascular origin are uncommon. Single cases have been described occurring in patients with blood and lymphatic malignant neoplasms. We present the case of necrosis and massive perforation of part of the small intestine in a patient diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), prior to commencement of therapy. At admission, the patient had typical symptoms and signs of a diffused peritonitis. Intraoperatively, faecal content was found in the peritoneal cavity and necrosis with a massive perforation of approximately 10 cm of the terminal ileum. Resection of the involved fragment of intestine was performed, followed by closing of the distal stump of the ileum and end ileostomy. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was moved to the haematologic department for further treatment of the lymphoma.
Arts, mental distress, mental health functioning & life satisfaction: fixed-effects analyses of a nationally-representative panel study
Authors: Wang Senhu , Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy
Published: January 2020

Background. Arts engagement within communities is ubiquitous across cultures globally and previous research has suggested its benefits for mental health and wellbeing. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits are driven by arts engagement itself or by important confounders such as socio-economic status (SES), childhood arts engagement, previous mental health, personality, or self-selection bias. The aim of this study is to use fixed effects models that account for unidentified time-constant confounding measures to examine the longitudinal association between arts (frequency of both arts participation and cultural attendance), mental distress, mental health functioning and life satisfaction.
Methods. Data from 23,660 individuals (with a mean age of 47 years) included in the UK Understanding Society wave 2 (2010-2012) and wave 5 (2013-2015) were analyzed. Aside from controlling for all time-constant variables using the fixed-effects models, we additionally adjusted for time-varying demographic factors (e.g. age and marital status), health behaviors and social support variables.
Results. After controlling for all time-constant variables and identified time-varying confounders, frequent arts participation and cultural attendance were associated with lower levels of mental distress and higher levels of life satisfaction, with arts participation additionally associated with better mental health functioning. Health-related and social time-varying factors were shown to partly but not wholly explain the observed associations.
Conclusion. Arts engagement amongst the population as a whole may help enhance positive mental health and life satisfaction, and protect against mental distress. These results are not explained by any time-constant confounding factors.
Comprehensive gene expression analysis for exploring the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation of thyroid cancer
Authors: Suh Hoon Young , Choi Hongyoon , Paeng Jin Chul , Cheon Gi Jeong , Chung June-Key , Kang Keon Wook
Published: January 2020

Background: The principle of loss of iodine uptake and increased glucose metabolism according to dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer is clinically assessed by imaging. Though these biological properties are widely applied to appropriate iodine therapy, the understanding of the genomic background of this principle is still lacking. We investigated the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation in advanced thyroid cancer as well as papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).
Methods: We used RNA sequencing of 505 patients with PTC obtained from the Cancer Genome Archives and microarray data of poorly-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (PDTC/ATC). The signatures of GLUT and glycolysis were estimated to assess glucose metabolic profiles. The glucose metabolic profiles were associated with tumor differentiation score (TDS) and BRAFV600E mutation status. In addition, survival analysis of glucose metabolic profiles was performed for predicting recurrence-free survival.
Results: In PTC, the glycolysis signature was positively correlated with TDS, while the GLUT signature was inversely correlated with TDS. These correlations were significantly stronger in the BRAFV600E negative group than the positive group. Meanwhile, both GLUT and glycolysis signatures were negatively correlated with TDS in advanced thyroid cancer. The high glycolysis signature was significantly associated with poor prognosis in PTC in spite of high TDS. The glucose metabolic profiles are intricately associated with tumor differentiation in PTC and PDTC/ATC.
Conclusions: As glycolysis was an independent prognostic marker, we suggest that the glucose metabolism features of thyroid cancer could be another biological progression marker different from differentiation and provide clinical implications for risk stratification.