bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Barriers in Sustainable Agriculture: Valorization of Agri-Food Waste and Pesticide Use Reduction
Authors: Nicastro Rosalinda , Papale Mattia , Fusco Giovanna Marta , Capone Annalinda , Morrone Biagio , Carillo Petronia
Published: October 2024

The transition to sustainability in agriculture faces significant challenges, especially to balance environmental goals with the practical demands of food production. This paper examines two different case studies that reveal the complexities of agricultural regulation. The first case focuses on the valorization of agri-food residual biomasses, highlighting the potential to transform food waste into valuable bioproducts such as bioenergy and biofertilizers. Despite the clear environmental and economic benefits, the absence of specific European regulations hinders the widespread adoption of these practices. Without clear rules for achieving “end-of-waste” status, the development and marketing of bio-based products remain restricted. The second case study examines the European Union’s unsuccessful effort to implement the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation (SUR), which aimed to reduce pesticide use by 50% by 2030. Although the regulation sought to align agricultural practices with the EU’s Green Deal, it triggered widespread protests from farmers concerned about the potential economic losses and decreased productivity. These two cases, one showing under-regulation and the other over-regulation, highlight the need for balanced and practical regulatory frameworks that promote sustainability without imposing unrealistic demands on stakeholders. This paper ends with recommendations to harmonize regulations across Europe, ensuring that both innovation in agricultural waste management and practical pesticide reduction strategies are implemented in a way that supports farmers and producers, minimizing economic disruptions and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices.
Estimates for Certain Rough Multiple Singular Integrals on Triebel–Lizorkin Space
Authors: Al-Qassem Hussain , Ali Mohammed
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on studying the mapping properties of singular integral operators over product symmetric spaces. The boundedness of such operators is established on Triebel–Lizorkin spaces whenever their rough kernel functions belong to the Grafakos and Stefanov class. Our findings generalize, extend and improve some previously known results on singular integral operators.
New Results on Differential Subordination and Superordination for Multivalent Functions Involving New Symmetric Operator
Authors: Juma Abdul Rahman S. , Hameed Shehab Nihad , Breaz Daniel , Cotîrlă Luminiţa-Ioana , Darus Maslina , Danciu Alin
Published: October 2024

This article aims to significantly advance geometric function theory by providing a valuable contribution to analytic and multivalent functions. It focuses on differential subordination and superordination, which characterize the interactions between analytic functions. To achieve our goal, we employ a method that relies on the characteristics of differential subordination and superordination. As one of the latest advancements in this field, this technique is able to derive several results about differential subordination and superordination for multivalent functions defined by the new operator Mλ,pmv,ρ;ηFξ within the open unit disk A. Additionally, by employing the technique, the differential sandwich outcome is achieved. Therefore, this work presents crucial exceptional instances that follow the results. The findings of this paper can be applied to a wide range of mathematical and engineering problems, including system identification, orthogonal polynomials, fluid dynamics, signal processing, antenna technology, and approximation theory. Furthermore, this work significantly advances the knowledge and understanding of the analytical functions of the unit and its interactive higher relations. The characteristics and consequences of differential subordination theory are symmetric to those of differential superordination theory. By combining them, sandwich-type theorems can be derived.
Targeting CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK Cells and NK Cell Activity by Intralipid in the Management of Reproductive Failure
Authors: Velikova Tsvetelina , Tomov Latchezar , Nikolaev Georgi
Published: October 2024

Immunological risk factors in recurrent pregnancy loss include autoantibodies, alterations in NK cell number and function, regulatory T cells, the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA), etc., where the treatment options aim to regulate immune dysfunction. Intralipid is a synthetic product traditionally used as a dietary supplement consisting of soybean oil combined with refined egg phospholipids. It has been shown that intralipid exerts physiologic activities, including altering immunological functions, that may benefit patients with certain types of infertility. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of targeting NK cells and NK cell activity in women with implantation failure or/and recurrent pregnancy loss. We focus on intralipid mechanisms of action and outcomes of clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of intralipid infusions in women with reproductive failure. More studies are needed to reveal all the aspects of the safety and effectiveness of intralipid administration in reproductive failure treatment.
Herpesvirus Antibody Response and Occurrence of Symptoms in Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Butt Julia , Simon Julia , Waterboer Tim , Merle Uta
Published: October 2024

Knowledge about the underlying causes of the individual occurrence of symptoms during acute COVID-19 disease and during the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is limited. In a German COVID-19 follow-up study, we assessed whether elevated antibody responses to herpesviruses were associated with symptom occurrence in acute COVID-19 disease (n = 96 participants) and during 20 months of follow-up (n = 62 participants). Serum samples were analyzed for their antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) using fluorescent bead-based multiplex serology. The association of herpesvirus antibodies with symptom occurrence (fatigue, fever, dyspnea, decrease in taste, concentration problems) was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. High EBV antibody levels were significantly associated with a more than fourfold increased odds of experiencing fatigue during acute COVID-19 disease and during follow-up. High CMV antibody levels were significantly associated with a more than threefold increased odds of experiencing concentration problems and a decrease in taste during the follow-up. The HSV-1 and -2 antibody levels were not elevated in the individuals that experienced symptoms. In conclusion, our findings indicate that herpesvirus infections, specifically EBV and CMV infections, might play a role in symptom development during acute and post-acute COVID-19 disease. It remains to be elucidated whether the elevated EBV and CMV antibodies determined in our study are indicators of herpesvirus reactivation.
Mpox in East Africa: Learning from COVID-19 and Ebola to Strengthen Public Health Responses
Authors: Gashema Pierre , Musafiri Tumusime , Ndahimana Felix , Iradukunda Hyppolyte , Saramba Eric , Nyakatswau Stuart T. , Gahamanyi Noel , Iradukunda Patrick Gad , Ahmed Ayman , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Muvunyi Claude Mambo
Published: October 2024

The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS) in Africa. African public health systems have moved to mobilize a response against a backdrop of inherent significant challenges. With this commentary, we discuss how lessons from past public health emergencies, particularly COVID-19 and Ebola outbreaks, have prepared the region for improved disease surveillance, rapid response strategies, and effective public health communication and how these lessons can be applied to the mpox response, emphasizing the importance of strong healthcare infrastructure, effective data sharing, community engagement, targeted interventions, and robust contact tracing. Additionally, addressing misinformation and building public trust are crucial for controlling the spread of any disease. By leveraging these strategies, African countries can enhance their response to mpox. This includes improving diagnostic capabilities, strengthening cross-border collaborations, and prioritizing vaccination campaigns where needed. Ultimately, by applying the hard-earned lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and Ebola outbreak, the East Africa region can better address the challenges posed by mpox and safeguard public health.
Diagnostic Value of Anti-HTLV-1-Antibody Quantification in Cerebrospinal Fluid for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy
Authors: Sato Tomoo , Yagishita Naoko , Araya Natsumi , Nakashima Makoto , Horibe Erika , Takahashi Katsunori , Kunitomo Yasuo , Nawa Yukino , Hamaguchi Isao , Yamano Yoshihisa
Published: October 2024

The diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) antibody testing for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM) remains unclear. Therefore, we measured the anti-HTLV-1 antibody levels in CSF using various test kits, evaluated the stability of CSF antibodies, and performed a correlation analysis using the particle agglutination (PA) method, as well as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis between patients with HAM and carriers. The CSF anti-HTLV-1 antibody levels were influenced by freeze–thaw cycles but remained stable when the CSF was refrigerated at 4 °C for up to 48 h. Measurements from 92 patients (69 patients with HAM and 23 carriers) demonstrated a strong correlation (r > 0.9) with the PA method across all six quantifiable test kits. All six test kits, along with CSF neopterin and CXCL10, exhibited areas under the ROC curve greater than 0.9, indicating a high diagnostic performance for HAM. Among these, five test kits, Lumipulse and Lumipulse Presto HTLV-I/II, HISCL-UD (a kit under development), HTLV-Abbott, and Elecsys HTLV-I/II, established a cutoff with 100% sensitivity and maximum specificity, achieving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity ranging from 43.5% to 56.5%. This cutoff value, in combination with clinical findings, will aid in the accurate diagnosis of HAM.
Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles and Their Safety Concerns for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Wang Jialiang , Ding Yaopeng , Chong Kellie , Cui Meng , Cao Zeyu , Tang Chenjue , Tian Zhen , Hu Yuping , Zhao Yu , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The advent of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a delivery platform for mRNA therapeutics has revolutionized the biomedical field, particularly in treating infectious diseases, cancer, genetic disorders, and metabolic diseases. Recent Advances in Therapeutic LNPs: LNPs, composed of ionizable lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, facilitate efficient cellular uptake and cytosolic release of mRNA while mitigating degradation by nucleases. However, as synthetic entities, LNPs face challenges that alter their therapeutic efficacy and safety concerns. Toxicity/Reactogenicity/Immunogenicity: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in LNP research, focusing on preclinical safety assessments encompassing toxicity, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity. Summary and Outlook: Additionally, it outlines potential strategies for addressing these challenges and offers insights into future research directions for enhancing the application of LNPs in mRNA therapeutics.
Symptomatology and IgG Levels before and after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Paula Nigella M. , Joucoski Emerson , Baura Valter A. , Souza Emanuel M. , Pedrosa Fabio O. , Gonçalves Alan G. , Huergo Luciano F.
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: After the COVID-19 pandemic, there is concern regarding the immunity of the population to SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages. (2) Methods: The study involved analyzing the immune response and symptomatology of 27 vaccinated individuals who were subsequently infected by Omicron sub-lineages. Blood samples were collected for serological analysis, including the detection of IgG antibodies reactive to the Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, participants were interviewed to assess the intensity of symptoms during the infection. (3) Results: Despite the high levels of anti-Spike IgG observed after vaccination, all participants were infected by Omicron sub-lineages. The most common symptoms reported by participants were fever or chills, sore throat, and cough. The levels of anti-Spike IgG found prior to infection did not correlate with symptom intensity post-infection. However, it was observed that high post-infection anti-Nucleocapsid IgG levels correlated with mild symptoms during the course of the disease, suggesting a potential role for anti-N antibodies in symptom intensity. (4) Conclusions: In line with previous studies, the high levels of IgG anti-Spike resulting from vaccination did not provide complete protection against infection by the Omicron variant. Additionally, our data suggest that anti-Nucleocapsid IgG titers are negatively correlated with the intensity of the symptoms during mild infections.
Clustering Analysis Identified Distinct Clinical Phenotypes among Hemodialysis Patients in Their Immunological Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rostoker Guy , Rouanet Stéphanie , Griuncelli Mireille , Loridon Christelle , Boulahia Ghada , Gagnon Luc
Published: October 2024

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic induced a major health crisis worldwide, notably among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, especially with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, is highly effective and reduces hospitalization and mortality in both the general and ESKD populations. Age and previous COVID-19 infection have been identified as major determinants of the vaccine response in both the general population and ESKD patients. Methods: To determine the specific phenotype of ESKD patients in relation to their vaccine response, a clustering approach was used in a cohort of 117 fully vaccinated patients. Results: Clustering revealed three distinct clinical phenotypes among hemodialysis patients in terms of immunological response. Two clusters, consisting of either women with a long dialysis history or male subjects with diabetes with a moderate history of dialysis, exhibited low levels of IgG anti-spike antibodies. The third cluster consisted of non-diabetic middle-aged men with a moderate dialysis vintage and a very good serological response to vaccination. Conclusions: These vaccinal phenotypes of dialysis patients are easily identifiable in current practice, allowing for differential serological follow-up and tailored booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders to Improve Vaccination Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Louw Gail Erika , Hohlfeld Ameer Steven-Jorg , Kalan Robyn , Engel Mark Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Mobile phone text message reminders (MPTMRs) have been implemented globally to promote vaccination uptake and recall rates. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of MPTMRs on vaccination recall rates. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials of caregivers of children, adolescents, or adults who received MPTMRs for improving vaccine uptake and recall visits. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant studies published up to 24 January 2024. We used Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool to assess the included studies and reported the results as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, using a random effects model. Results: We identified 25 studies for inclusion. All studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias. The evidence supports MPTMRs for improving vaccination uptake compared to usual care (RR = 1.09 [95%CI: 1.06, 1.13], I2 = 76%). Intervention characteristics, country setting, country economic status, and vaccination type had no bearing on the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions: MPTMRs have a positive effect, albeit relatively small, on vaccination uptake. These findings may assist public health practitioners, policymakers, and vaccine researchers in evidence-based decision making that focuses on MPTMRs and their impact on vaccination coverage.
Morphological Characteristics of Constrained Meandering Rivers in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Li Bin , Liang Yanjie , Yan Xiaolian , Yang Shuqing , Li Xin , Lu Jun
Published: October 2024

In the Loess Plateau of China, loess is widely distributed and forms a unique geomorphic feature of the world. Meanwhile, the Yellow River water and sediment regulation system is under construction. Nonetheless, the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the Loess Plateau are still unknown due to the difficulty of extracting the sediment-laden water body. An improved method is proposed based on Landsat 8 imagery, which automatically extracts the multi-band spectral relationship of high-sediment-concentration rivers in valleys. This study analyzes the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, including their sinuosity, periodicity, curvature, and skewness based on the deflection points bend segmentation and continuous wavelet transform methods. These characteristics are then compared with those of other constrained meandering rivers and alluvial meandering rivers. The results show that the sinuosity of the constrained river bends is generally low (with an average of 1.55) due to limitations imposed by the riverbanks, which prevent full development. The average dimensionless curvature radius of the constrained rivers is 18.72, lower than that of alluvial rivers. The skewing angle of the constrained river bends typically inclines upstream, with a proportion reaching 59.44%. In constrained river bends, as the sinuosity increases, the proportion of bends skewing upstream initially increases and then gradually decreases. This indicates that constrained river bends can develop similarly to alluvial bends at lower sinuosity but are limited by the mountains on both sides at medium sinuosity. The analysis of river characteristics in regions with different geological structures reveals the effect of geological structures on the formation of constrained rivers in the Loess Plateau. These findings can provide a reference for selecting reservoir dam sites and are important for the dredging engineering layout in the middle reaches of the Loess Plateau. They also offer quantitative explanations for the meandering characteristics of these rivers.
Pilot Study on the Possibility of Improving Water Treatment Sludge Management in Almaty
Authors: Ospanov Kairat , Kuldeyev Erzhan , Andraka Dariusz , Alzhigitova Manat
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a pilot study on the treatment of sludge from a water treatment plant in the city of Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, to ensure further disposal. The main objective of the study was to compare the efficiency of sludge drying by natural and artificial methods. The qualitative characteristics of the leachate from the dewatering unit, the chemical composition of the dried sludge and the granulometric analysis of the dried sludge were also studied. The greatest reduction in moisture content was recorded for drying in natural conditions (2.1%), but this process required the longest drying time. The leachate obtained from sludge dewatering was characterized by significant contamination (e.g., turbidity—55.65 on average, color—67.7, total Fe—5.15 mg/L, total N—79.6 mg/L, COD—311 mg/L, BOD—336.15 mg/L), which indicates the need for its pretreatment before further management in the technological system of the treatment station. The content of chemical substances contained in the dry residue of the sludge was also determined, of which aluminum was 0.94–13.8 mg/kg, silicon was 50.24–146.3 mg/kg, potassium was 1.72–5.51. mg/kg, calcium was 71.8–79.1 mg/kg, iron was 2.0–7.54 mg/kg and nickel was 0.9–4.4 mg/kg. A particle size analysis of the dried sludge showed that the majority fractions were fine and very fine sand, with a total of 20.2%, and silt and clay, with a total of 78.3%. Such properties justify the rationality of considering the reuse of dried sludge as a raw material for making, for example, construction materials or soil remediation material.
Research Hotspots in and Progress of Stable Isotopic Techniques Applied in Tracing Mine Water Pollution and Its Environmental Impact: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis from 1998 to 2023
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Xiangyu , Chen Menghua , Tan Xuying , Jiang Kaisheng
Published: October 2024

Stable isotope techniques have become a critical tool for tracking mine water and identifying its contamination. In order to explore in depth the research hotspots and trends in stable isotope technology in the study of mine water and the environmental pollution it induces, the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database of the relevant literature in this field from 1998 to 2023 was used for visual bibliometric analysis by applying CiteSpace software (version 5.7R5). The results showed that the periodical literature in this field shows a fluctuating upward trend. In the cooperation network of country and institution, the centrality of the United States was as high as 0.74 and 0.23, much higher than that of other countries, which means that in terms of the institutions, the number of publications, and the status of research, the United States is ahead of other countries. China’s research started later than the United States’s but is developing rapidly. Although its importance and influence in this research field are only slightly lower than those of the United States, China still needs to improve its cooperation with other countries and regions. The research hotspots in this area center around identifying and understanding pollution processes, studying mine water sources and mixing, exploring the evolution of water chemistry and its isotopic composition, and investigating the environmental impacts of mine water. Innovative isotope-tracing methods and techniques, isotope fractionation mechanisms, sources of sulfate, and their impact on the water environment will remain the focus of the forthcoming research phase. This study uses bibliometrics to systematically summarize the research hotspots and trends in stable isotope techniques in mine water problems in terms of their footprint in the academic literature, which is of great significance for the utilization of water resources in mine drainage and pollution control in mines.
Use of an Ecological Compensation Model in Water Resource Development: A Case Study from Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Chen Longxing , Han Ping , Zhang Gaopan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the current situation of water resource management in Shaanxi Province, study the basic principles of ecological compensation, evaluate the impact of water conservation projects on the ecological environment by establishing a model, and propose a sustainable water resource management model. Hanzhong City has certain typicality and representativeness within Shaanxi Province, and the problems it faces in water resource management and ecological environment may represent the entire province or similar regions. At the same time, Hanzhong City has rich data and research foundations. Therefore, by conducting a detailed analysis of the current water resource status in the Hanzhong City area of Shaanxi Province, the problems in current water resource management are revealed, and the basic principles of ecological compensation are intensely studied. The original ecological compensation plan in Shaanxi Province has been summarized. Guided by the concept of sustainable development, an ecological compensation model is established using algorithms, and the model is applied to sustainable water resource management. Establish a model for water conservation and water resource management through data collection, preprocessing, and cleaning, and apply it to practical cases in Hanzhong City. Through simulation and analysis of Hanzhong City, the new water resource management model effectively mitigates the adverse effects of water conservation projects on the ecological environment while improving water resource utilization efficiency. The changes in various environmental parameters indicate that the new plan has improved the ecological environment. Through the application of the model, the ecological compensation plan formulated has achieved sustainable protection of the ecological environment while promoting economic development. This study proposes a sustainable water resource management model through a comprehensive study of water resource management and ecological compensation in Shaanxi Province and verifies it in practical cases, demonstrating that the model has not only good applicability but also has significant effects in promoting economic growth and ecological environment protection.
Early warning model to detect anastomotic leakage following colon surgery: a clinical observational study
Authors: Rajabaleyan Pooya , Jootun Ravish , Möller Sören , Deding Ulrik , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , al-Najami Issam , Lindsey Ian
Published: October 2024

Purpose: We aimed to develop a predictive tool for anastomotic leakage (AL) following colon cancer surgery by combining a clinical early warning score (EWS) with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level.Methods: The records of 1,855 patients who underwent colon cancer surgery at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust between January 2013 and December 2018, with or without AL, were retrospectively reviewed. EWS and CRP levels were assessed daily from the first postoperative day until discharge. AL was defined as an anastomotic defect observed at reoperation, the presence of feculent fluid in a pelvic drain, or evidence of AL on computed tomography. The tool incorporated postoperative EWS and CRP levels for the accurate early detection of AL.Results: From postoperative days 3 to 7, the mean CRP level exceeded 200 mg/L in patients with AL and was under 200 mg/L in those without AL (P<0.05). From postoperative days 1 to 5, the mean EWS among patients with leakage exceeded 2, while scores were below 2 among those without leakage (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified postoperative day 3 as the most predictive of early leakage, with cutoff values of 2.4 for EWS and 180 mg/L for CRP; this yielded an area under the curve of 0.87 (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 70%).Conclusion: We propose using an EWS of 2.4 and a CRP level of 180 mg/L on postoperative day 3 following colon surgery with anastomosis as threshold values to prompt investigation and treatment of AL.
Menghitung Nilai Ekonomi Kehilangan Hasil pada Industri Penggilingan Padi (Calculating the Economic Value of Loss in the Rice Milling Industry)
Authors: Sawit Husein
Published: October 2024

Susut pascapanen padi telah lama terjadi di Indonesia. Total susut pascapanen padi mencapai 10,82 persen, tertinggi berasal dari aktivitas pengeringan dan penggilingan gabah, dua dari tiga aktivitas yang berkaitan erat dengan industri penggilingan padi. Kapasitas produksi beras terbesar berasal dari penggilingan padi skala kecil (PPK) yang mencapai 83 persen, berpengaruh besar terhadap total susut dan kekuatan industri penggilingan padi. Tujuan utama naskah ini adalah menghitung kehilangan hasil pascapanen padi terutama pada tahapan penggilingan, baik secara fisik dalam bentuk gabah kering giling (GKG) maupun nilai ekonominya. Rata-rata kehilangan hasil GKG dewasa ini mencapai 6,0 juta ton per tahun, sebagian besar terjadi pada tahapan penggilingan padi (4,4 juta ton per tahun). Nilai ekonomi kehilangan hasil padi mencapai Rp34,4 triliun per tahun. Kehilangan hasil pada tahapan penggilingan padi menyentuh nilai Rp25,1 triliun per tahun, tertinggi berasal dari PPK dengan nilai Rp20,9 triliun per tahun. Pemerintah disarankan untuk merancang kebijakan untuk memperkuat industri penggilingan padi, sehingga susut hasil pada PPK dapat dikurangi. Salah satu pilihannya adalah PPK sebaiknya berkonsentrasi sebagai produsen beras pecah kulit, yang kemudian diproses lebih lanjut oleh penggilingan padi skala besar (PPB).
 
Postharvest losses have occurred in Indonesia for a long time. Total postharvest losses for rice reaches 10.82 percent; the highest come from grain drying and milling activities, two of the three activities closely related to the rice milling industry. The largest rice production capacity comes from small-scale rice mills (SRM), which reaches 83 percent, significantly influencing the rice mill industry’s total losses and strength. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the postharvest loss of rice, especially at the milling stage, both physically in the form of dry milled grain (DMG) and its economic value. The average yield loss of DMG is 6.0 million tonnes per year, most of which occur during the rice milling stage (4.4 million tonnes per year). The economic value of lost rice yields reaches IDR 34.4 trillion per year. Yield losses at the rice milling stage touches a value of IDR25.1 trillion per year, the highest from SRM with IDR20.9 trillion per year. The government is advised to design policies to strengthen the rice milling industry and reduce yield losses on SRM. One option is for SRM to concentrate on producing brown rice, which is further processed by large-scale rice mills (LRB).
Estimating and Predicting the Rate of Kidney Function Decline over 10 Years in the General Population
Authors: Iwagami Masao , Odani Kazunori , Saito Tomoki
Published: October 2024

Key Points

This study estimated the kidney function decline rate over 10 years in the general population.

We also developed a machine learning prediction model based on annual health checkup results and claims for the first 5 years.

Prediction models for kidney function decline would be useful for stratifying the general population and identifying rapid decliners.

Background

We aimed to estimate the rate of kidney function decline over 10 years in the general population and develop a machine learning model to predict it.

Methods

We used the JMDC database from 2012 to 2021, which includes company employees and their family members in Japan, where annual health checks are mandated for people aged 40–74 years. We estimated the slope (average change) of eGFR over a period of 10 years. Then, using the annual health-check results and prescription claims for the first 5 years from 2012 to 2016 as predictor variables, we developed an XGBoost model, evaluated its prediction performance with the root mean squared error (RMSE), R2, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for rapid decliners (defined as the slope <−3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) using five-fold cross validation, and compared these indicators with those of (1) the simple application of the eGFR slope from 2012 to 2016 and (2) the adjusted linear regression model.

Results

We included 126,424 adults (mean age, 45.2 years; male, 82.4%; mean eGFR, 79.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 2016). The mean slope was −0.89 (SD, 0.96) ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year. The predictive performance of the XGBoost model (RMSE, 0.78; R2, 0.35; and AUROC, 0.89) was better than that of either the simple application of the eGFR slope from 2012 to 2016 (RMSE, 1.94; R2, −3.03; and AUROC, 0.79) or the adjusted linear regression model (RMSE, 0.81; R2, 0.30; and AUROC, 0.87).

Conclusions

We estimated the rate of kidney function decline over 10 years in the general population, as well as demonstrated that application of machine learning to annual health-check and claims data, provides better predictive performance compared with traditional methods.
Alcohol Abstinence, Adherence, and Attitudes toward Disulfiram Treatment for Alcohol Dependence among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Setting in North India
Authors: Joseph Jaison , Khakha Deepika C.
Published: October 2024

Background: Disulfiram is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence, primarily acting as a deterrent agent. The available literature on disulfiram treatment for alcohol dependence among individuals in low-income and middle-income countries is scarce, while numerous factors impact the acceptance and adherence to such treatment. Methods: The study utilized a purposive sampling methodology. The participants were contacted by telephone at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the initiation of disulfiram treatment. Alcohol abstinence was calculated using the self-reported total alcohol-free days, and adherence and attitudes toward disulfiram treatment were measured using the Treatment Compliance Assessment Scale (TCAS). Findings: The participants had a mean age of 39.30±7.7 years. Nearly 62% and 46% of the subjects reported maintenance of alcohol abstinence after initiation of 12 and 24 weeks of disulfiram treatment, respectively. The proportion of non-adherent subjects increased from 36.3% to 57.2% during the 12-week and 24-week follow-up periods. Attitudes toward disulfiram treatment varied significantly across different time points. A strong positive correlation was observed in the alcohol abstinence, adherence, and attitude scores at different time points (P<0.01). Conclusion: The present study’s findings unveiled that nearly 60% and 40% of the study subjects were maintaining alcohol abstinence and adherence at 12 weeks and 24 weeks after initiation of disulfiram treatment, respectively. Disulfiram could be a viable psychological tool for alcohol abstinence, but objective measurements are required to underpin its utility in this setting.
Social Health and its Related Factors in Students
Authors: Mirzaei Saeid , Jafari Yahya , Damayar Sadegh , Eghbalian Mostafa , Omidi Ali , Aliabadi Pouria Hosseini
Published: October 2024

Background: Recently, social health has become significantly important as one of the dimensions of overall health. Additionally, the issue of students› social health is a crucial concern that poses numerous challenges. This study aimed to assess the social health status of students enrolled at Bam University of Medical Sciences and identify the factors that influence it. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017, involving 260 students from Bam University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using the quota sampling method. The data collection tool was the Social Health Standard Questionnaire developed by Keyes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test, performed using SPSS version 22. Results: Among the students studied, women accounted for 67.7% of the participants. In terms of age distribution, 53.6% fell into the 20- to 24-year-old age group. Regarding social health, 78.4% of the students exhibited an average level. The dimension with the highest social health score was social participation (15.21±4.30), while the lowest score was recorded for social prosperity (11.18±3.10). Female students had slightly higher social health scores (76.51±14.33) compared to male students (76.21±14.33). The research findings indicated that the relationship between social health and variables such as gender, age, marital status, and educational level was not significant. However, significant relationships were observed with interest in the field of study (P=0.002), field of study (P=0.048), and academic year (P=0.008). Conclusion: The study results emphasize the significance of implementing educational and health promotion interventions aimed at enhancing social health among students. It is hoped that these interventions will provide a foundation for improving the various dimensions of social health and fostering the overall well-being of students.
Investigating the Frequency and Causes of Nursing Errors and their Relationship with Occupational Stress in Nurses of Sirjan Hospitals During the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak
Authors: Zeid Abadinejad Mohammad Reza , Zeidabadi Ali , Moqaddasi Amiri Mohammd , Biojmajd Abdol-Rahim , Ilaghi Nezhad Tayebe
Published: October 2024

Background: During the outbreak of infectious diseases, the occurrence of numerous psychological reactions in nursing personnel is likely to increase, affecting their mental health. The present study aims to investigate the frequency and causes of nursing errors and their relationship with occupational stress in nurses of Sirjan hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2021, 301 nurses from Sirjan hospitals were included in the study as census. The individual and occupational characteristics information questionnaire, the Nursing Errors Questionnaire, and the Osipow’s Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 19. Results: According to the results of this study, 41.2% of nurses reported their occupational stress to be severe. Illegibility of the doctor’s medication orders (46.8%), Giving the wrong medicine to the patient (46.2%) were the most common nursing errors. Based on the results, 68.4% of nurses reported the lack of nurses as the most common cause of nursing errors. Also, regarding the relationship between each part of the nursing error questions with the occupational stress mean scores, reading medication orders incorrectly (P=0.008) and sending the wrong blood sample (P=0.002) had a significant relationship. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of occupational stress and nursing errors, nurses should work in a calm environment that makes appropriate nursing interventions possible and avoids ward overcrowding. Furthermore, nursing managers should act to provide necessary standards, such as appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio and continuous training on infusing drugs.
Effect of Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) seed extracts on the cyclicity and reproductive hormones of female Wistar rats
Authors: Anyanwu Chinwe Fiona , Georgewill Owunari Abraham , Georgewill Udeme Owunari
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Despite the traditional use of Cucurbita pepo seed in pregnancy, its effects on female reproduction remain scarce. This study evaluated the impacts of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous ethanol extracts of C. pepo seed on the cyclicity and reproductive hormones of female Wistar rats. Methods: Ten groups of four rats received seed extracts or tween 80 orally for 21 days: A (control)= 0.5 mL tween 80 (vehicle); B, C, & D= 142.86, 285.71, and 428.57 mg/kg nHE; E, F, & G= 142.86, 285.71, 428.57 mg/kg of DCM; and H, I, & J= 142.86, 285.71, 428.57 mg/kg of aqueous ethanol extracts, respectively. Vaginal cytology monitored the estrous cycle daily, and blood samples were obtained for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone at various oestrus cycle phases. Results: Compared to the control, the estrous cycle phases did not change significantly (P>0.05). FSH levels significantly increased (P<0.05) with DCM and aqueous ethanol extracts of C. pepo seed during proestrus and estrus phases compared to the control. A significant (P<0.05) increase in LH was observed with n-hexane, DCM, and aqueous ethanol extracts during all estrous cycle phases compared to the control. All extracts significantly increased estrogen levels (P<0.05) during all phases. DCM and aqueous ethanol extracts reduced substantially the estrus-phase progesterone. Conclusion: Cucurbita pepo may stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female reproduction. Further studies should be conducted using various phytoestrogen compounds to gain useful knowledge about the effectiveness, safety, and long-term effects of C. pepo seed extracts in regulating hormonal balance.
A critical review of antioxidant potential and pharmacological applications of important Ficus species
Authors: Gaur Rahul , Chauhan Anjali , Kanta Chandra
Published: October 2024

The Ficus genus is universally recognized for its medicinal properties. This article aims to comprehensively review the antioxidant potential and pharmacological properties of some key Ficus species within the genus, regarding their natural antioxidants and pharmacological properties. An extensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases using keywords such as Ficus species, antioxidant activity, and pharmacological applications. This review revealed notable differences in antioxidant capacity among the selected Ficus species. Comparative studies within the review indicated that factors such as geographical location, extraction method, and specific part of the plant used, significantly influenced the antioxidant activity and phytochemical content. Among these, F. benghalensis, F. carica, and F. krishnae exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities. Regarding overall pharmacological effectiveness, the species that out were F. religiosa, F. carica, and F. elastica. In sum, Ficus species emerge as a promising source of natural antioxidants with substantial pharmacological potential. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate their medicinal uses, exploring the mechanism of actions, and potential applications in developing novel therapeutic agents.
Assessment of Serum Levels of Phosphate and Corticosterone as Possible Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease in Rats with 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson
Authors: Haghdoost-Yazdi Hashem , Nigjeh Sepideh , Hosseini Seyed Amir Hadi , Sharifi Sahar , Kaveh Fatemeh , Piri Hossein
Published: October 2024

Background: Early diagnosis of Parkinson›s disease can play an important role in improving its prognosis. Due to controversies about the serum level of corticosterone and phosphate in parkinsonian rats, this study was designed to measure and evaluate the levels of corticosterone and phosphate as possible biomarkers of early diagnosis in rats with 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonism. Methods: Forty rats were divided into three groups: control (n=10), sham (n=10), and 6-OHDA (n=20). The rats in the 6-OHDA and sham groups underwent stereotaxic surgery to be injected with 6-OHDA and its carrier into their medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Apomorphine-induced rotational and cylinder tests were done to examine parkinsonism progression and sensory-motor function. Corticosterone and phosphate serum levels were measured in the serum and striatum. Results: Net contralateral rotations and asymmetry scores in the fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks after surgery compared with the second week showed a gradual increase in the 6-OHDA group. The serum levels of corticosterone were 90±13 before surgery, and they declined to 88±36 and 55±9 ng/L in the second and eighth weeks after surgery, respectively. The serum levels of phosphate were 6±0.22 before surgery, and they decreased to 5.2±0.13 and 5±0.12 mg/dl in the second and eighth weeks after surgery, respectively. The serum levels of phosphate and corticosterone remained relatively unchanged in the sham and control groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons is accompanied by decreased serum corticosterone and phosphate levels. Thus, the serum level of corticosterone can be used as a biomarker in diagnosing Parkinson’s disease. In contrast, serum phosphate levels were still within the normal range and cannot be used as a biomarker.
Melissa officinalis Extract as an Antimicrobial Agent Against Clinical Bacterial Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Al Zuhairi Jawad J Mohammed J , Jookar Kashi Fereshteh , Koosanjian Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

Background: Antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of bacterial infections. However, antibiotic resistance is increasing due to their use. Plant extracts are natural compounds with unique medical properties. The current study investigated the effect of Melissa officinalis collected from Marivan, Iran, against urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: The plant extract was prepared using the Soxhlet method. The bacterial strains were isolated from UTI patients at AlZahra Hospital in Najaf, Iraq. The antibacterial activity of M. officinalis extract was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined by the microdilution method. Results: According to the inhibition zone results, M. officinalis greatly affected Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The plant extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity on the standard and clinical strains of S. aureus with the highest inhibition zone record of 8.4±0.163 and 9±0.0 mm and MIC of 0.09 and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Also, M. officinalis extract indicated an antimicrobial effect against the standard and clinical strains of K. pneumoniae with the highest inhibition zone record of 8±0.0 and 9±0.0 mm and MIC of 0.06 and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract showed the most antimicrobial activity on the standard and clinical strains of P. vulgaris, with the highest records of 7.9±0.23 and 9±0.0 mm and MICs of 0.14 and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Melissa officinalis extract can be a suitable candidate as an alternative to antibiotics for treating UTIs.
Perianal Fistula; from Etiology to Treatment - A Review
Authors: Sohrabi Masoudreza , Bahrami Somayeh , Mosalli Mozhdeh , Khaleghian Mohsen , Obaidinia Mobin
Published: October 2024

Anal fistula has been a challenging clinical issue for years due to its complex pathogenesis. The risk of frequent recurrence and incontinence complicates long-term treatment. Recent scientific literature has reviewed new techniques used for anal fistula treatment in recent years, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each based on clinical outcomes. Although surgery is the main method used to treat anal fistula, there is no simple technique that can completely heal complex anal fistula. The surgical treatment should consider the healing outcome and the protection of anal function comprehensively. Several innovative techniques have emerged in recent years, such as combined techniques based on drainage seton and LIFT-plug, which appear to be relatively effective therapies. However, more multi-center prospective trials with long-term follow-up are needed to validate their effectiveness. In some situations, medical treatment may also be considered.
From Designing Houses to Studying Architecture: Did Those Who Study Design Share Any Similarities in Playing the Sims Game?
Authors: Aydin Yuzyil nevin
Published: October 2024

Wright’s famous game The Sims, and its sequels; The Sims2 (2004), The Sims3 (2009), and The Sims4 (2014) are computer based digital games that provide digital settings to simulate virtual dollhouses (Martey and Stromer-Galley, 2007). They are one of the most played games of all time, which is why it has been the focus of academic studies since its first release. Within the scope of this research, a comprehensive survey was conducted. The first phase of the survey was conducted with 54 participants and the participants who graduated from different departments were asked whether there is a relationship between The Sims game experiences, interest in playing SIMS and choosing a profession. The following phase was conducted with the focus of architects, interior architects and industrial design graduates and students, who are called design faculty members. In this study, the effects of playing The Sims on the profession and their professional achievements were questioned.