bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality sebagai Alat Pengenalan Hewan Purbakala dengan Animasi 3D menggunakan Metode Single Marker
Authors: Apriyani Meyti Eka , Gustianto Robie
Published: February 2016

Saat ini untuk mempelajari hewan purbakala melalui pelajaran sejarah di sekolah hanya dilakukan hanya melalui sebuah buku dan gambar yang terdapat pada buku-buku dan alat peraga biasa, tetapi dengan menggunakan teknologi augmented reality diharapkan dalam pembelajarannya dapat membuat pelajaran sejarah terutama mengenai hewan purbakala dapat lebih menarik dan menyenangkan karena augmented reality dapat menjadi sebuah alat peraga virtualisasi hewan purbakala dlam bentuk 3D. Aplikasi augmented reality ini sebagai media pengenalan hewan purbakala kepada anak-anak usia 13 sampai 18 tahun secara virtual menggunakan perangkat smartphone agar proses pengenalan Hewan purbakala dapat menjadi lebih menarik dan mudah diapliaksikan karena mudah dibawa serta tidak menggunakan alat peraga yang sulit didapat dan memiliki harga yang mahal. Virtualisasi Alat Peraga Pengenalan Hewan Purbakala menggunakan augmented reality dapat menampilkan Animasi Hewan purbakala dalam bentuk 3D. Dengan proses, pengguna menjalankan aplikasi kemudian aplikasi akan melakukan pelacakan marker, setelah marker dikenali sesuai data acuan yang terdapat didalam sistem aplikasi, maka aplikasi dapat menampilkan binatang Purbakala secara 3D pada layar smartphone.
Pemanfaatan Cloud Computing untuk Enterprise Resources Planning di Indonesia
Authors: Asniar Asniar , Komala Sari Siska
Published: February 2016

Cloud Computing adalah sebuah topik yang telah mendapatkan momentum dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) adalah struktur sistem informasi yang digunakan untuk mengintegrasikan proses bisnis dalam perusahaan manufaktur/jasa yang meliputi operasional dan distribusi produk yang dihasilkan. Selama ini, aplikasi ERP dan cloud computing berjalan sendiri-sendiri, belum pernah ada yang menyatukannya untuk kepentingan bisnis perusahaan. Aplikasi ERP untuk Cloud Computing (ERP Cloud) akan menguntungkan perusahaan kecil karena dapat menurunkan hambatan umum terutama berkaitan dengan biaya investasi yang besar untuk penggunaan Sistem ERP pada umumnya. Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) dapat memiliki akses penuh atas sistem ERP yang sesuai dengan proses bisnis perusahaan tanpa perlu membeli keseluruhan aplikasi ERP atau menyewa konsultan TI yang mahal. Dengan kondisi Indonesia yang masih didominasi oleh perusahaan dengan skala kecil menengah maka di Indonesia sangat diperlukan pemanfaatan jasa could computing untuk ERP perusahaan sehingga semakin banyak perusahaan yang memanfaatkan aplikasi ERP dengan biaya yang lebih ringan.
Machine Learning Untuk Estimasi Posisi Objek Berbasis RSS Fingerprint Menggunakan IEEE 802.11g Pada Lantai 3 Gedung JTETI UGM
Authors: Chairani Chairani , Widyawan Widyawan , Kusumawardani Sri Suning
Published: February 2016

Penelitian ini membahas tentang estimasi posisi (localization) objek dalam gedung menggunakan jaringan wireless atau IEEE 802.11g dengan pendekatan Machine Learning. Metode pada pengukuran RSS menggunakan RSS-based fingerprint.  Algoritma Machine Learning yang digunakan dalam memperkirakan lokasi dari pengukuran RSS-based menggunakan Naive Bayes.  Localization dilakukan pada lantai 3 gedung Jurusan Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi (JTETI) dengan luas 1969,68 m2 dan memiliki 5 buah titik penempatan access point (AP). Untuk membentuk peta fingerprint digunakan dimensi 1 m x 1 m sehingga terbentuk grid sebanyak  1893 buah. Dengan menggunakan software Net Surveyor terkumpul data kekuatan sinyal yang diterima (RSS) dari jaringan wireless ke perangkat penerima (laptop) sebanyak 86.980 record. Hasil nilai rata-rata error jarak estimasi untuk localization seluruh ruangan di lantai 3 dengan menggunakan algoritma Naive Bayes pada fase offline tahap learning adalah 6,29 meter. Untuk fase online dan tahap post learning diperoleh rata-rata error jarak estimasi sebesar 7,82 meter.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI ANDROID BERBASIS LOKASI UNTUK PENCARIAN DISTRIBUTION POINT (STUDI KASUS PT. TELKOM INDONESIA KANDATEL PATI JAWA TENGAH)
Authors: Pandhita Ayu Laksmi , Yuliansyah Herman
Published: February 2016

Wilayah STO Pati terdapat lebih dari 500 Distribution Point (DP). Jumlah DP yang banyak di wilayah STO Pati dan luasnya wilayah, membuat petugas kesulitan mengingat lokasi DP. Petugas sudah memiliki alat bantu Sistem Informasi Kastemer (SISKA) tetapi tidak dilengkapi peta sehingga petugas masih mengalami kendala dalam mencari lokasi DP. DP juga berhubungan dengan RK dan rumah pelanggan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuisioner, wawancara, dan pengukuran fisik. Kemudian dianalisis untuk menentukan kebutuhan user dan kebutuhan sistem. Implementasi aplikasi memanfaatkan Android Development Tools (ADT), Google Maps API, dan web service. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan 2 metode, yaitu Black Box dan pengujian lapagan.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah aplikasi android pencarian DP berbasis lokasi dengan memanfaatkan GPS dan konsep Location Based Service (LBS) yang dapat memberikan informasi lokasi DP, RK, rumah pelanggan, dan memberikan informasi rute yang bisa ditempuh serta dapat melakukan panggilan telepon kepada pelanggan. Hasil pengujian sistem dengan metode Black Box didapatkan persentase 100% yang menyatakan bahwa aplikasi sudah berjalan sesuai dengan kebutuhan sistem. Presisi GPS yang dimiliki aplikasi android pencarian Distribution Point(DP) berbasis lokasi kurang dari 10 meter, hasil ini diperoleh dengan membandingkan koordinat dari aplikasi yang dihasilkan dan GPS Garmin 785.

Kata Kunci : Location Based Service, web service, Google Maps, GPS, Android.
IMPLEMENTASI LOCATION BASED SERVICE RUTE OBJEK WISATA TEGAL
Authors: Sasmito Ginanjar Wiro , Hadiansah Fuad
Published: February 2016

Tegal merupakan salah satu daerah di Jawa Tengah yang memilik banyak objek wisata yang dikelola oleh pemerintah mapun pihak swasta. Tidak sedikit wisatawan Tegal yang merasa bingung dalam memutuskan untuk mengunjungi tempat wisata yang cocok, ini dikarenakan kurangnya  informasi mengenai objek wisata tersebut. Sistem layanan berbasis lokasi atau lebih dikenal dengan Location Based Service (LBS) adalah layanan yang ditawarkan melalui ponsel dengan mempertimbangkan lokasi geografis perangkat tersebut. Karena LBS sangat tergantung pada lokasi pengguna mobile, tujuan utama dari sistem penyedia layanan adalah untuk menentukan di mana pengguna. Sebuah LBS dapat menunjukkan pengguna ke restoran, pom bensin, rumah sakit maupun objek wisata terdekat. Dengan menggunakan LBS maka akan mempermudah wisatawan dalam menentukan tujuan wisata di kota dan kabupaten Tegal berdasarkan lokasi pengguna dengan menggunakan GoogleMaps API V2. Implementasi Location Based Service rute objek wisata Tegal dapat memberikan informasi lokasi objek wisata, titik koordinat dan informasi pendukung mengenai objek wisata yang ada di Tegal.
PENGGUNAAN WEB CRAWLER UNTUK MENGHIMPUN TWEETS DENGAN METODE PRE-PROCESSING TEXT MINING
Authors: Aditya Bayu Rima
Published: February 2016

Saat ini jumlah data di media sosial sudah terbilang sangat besar, namun jumlah data tersebut masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan atau diolah untuk menjadi sesuatu yang bernilai guna, salah satunya adalah tweets pada media sosial twitter. Paper ini menguraikan hasil penggunaan engine web crawel menggunakan metode pre-processing text mining. Penggunaan engine web crawel itu sendiri bertujuan untuk menghimpun tweets melalui API twitter sebagai data teks tidak terstruktur yang kemudian direpresentasikan kembali kedalam bentuk web. Sedangkan penggunaan metode pre-processing bertujuan untuk menyaring tweets melalui tiga tahap, yaitu cleansing, case folding, dan parsing. Aplikasi yang dirancang pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yaitu model waterfall dan diimplementasikan dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Sedangkan untuk pengujiannya menggunakan black box testing untuk memeriksa apakah hasil perancangan sudah dapat berjalan sesuai dengan harapan atau belum. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa aplikasi yang dapat mengubah tweets yang telah dihimpun menjadi data yang siap diolah lebih lanjut sesuai dengan kebutuhan user berdasarkan kata kunci dan tanggal pencarian. Hal ini dilakukan karena dari beberapa penelitian terkait terlihat bahwa data pada media sosial khususnya twitter saat ini menjadi tujuan perusahaan atau instansi untuk memahami opini masyarakat.
IMPLEMENTASI KONTEN E-LEARNING MATA KULIAH FISIKA STUDI KASUS: D3 TEKNIK KOMPUTER, UNIVERSITAS TELKOM
Authors: Budiawan Reza , Meisaroh Lisda
Published: February 2016

Mata kuliah Fisika yang diselenggarakan oleh program studi D3 Teknik Komputer, Fakultas Ilmu Terapan, Universitas Telkom merupakan mata kuliah dengan pemahaman dasar yang akan digunakan pada mata kuliah lanjutan di semester berikutnya. Salah satu cara untuk memperkuat pemahaman dari mata kuliah ini yaitu dengan cara melakukan visualisasi materi dan penambahan interaktifitas bagi kuliah teori yang biasanya terlalu tekstual. Metode pembelajaran ini dinamakan metode blended learning. Metode ini menggabungkan antara metode konvensional dan konten e-learning sebagai suplemen pemahaman dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan konten e-learning untuk digunakan pada penerapan metode blended learning di mata kuliah Fisika, program studi D3 Teknik Komputer, Fakultas Ilmu Terapan. Selain menghasilkan konten e-learning, penelitian ini juga mengukur konten e-learning tersebut dengan menggunakan beberapa aspek pengukuran yang dilihat dari perspektif mahasiswa. Pembangunan konten e-learning pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Prototype dengan hasil penelitian terbagi dari dua kelompok, yaitu konten pembelajaran serta hasil pengukuran dari aspek user experience dari konten pembelajaran.
SIMULASI VIRTUAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK (VLAN) BERBASIS SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK (SDN) MENGGUNAKAN POX CONTROLLER
Authors: Tulloh Rohmat , Negara Ridha Muldina , Hidayat Arif Nur
Published: February 2016

VLAN (Virtual LAN) merupakan sebuah teknologi yang dapat mengkonfigurasi jaringan logis independen dari struktur jaringan fisik. Hasil dari penelitian sebelumnya sudah diprediksi bahwa dibutuhkan Virtual Network yang akhirnya terciptalah VLAN. Namun paradigma jaringan saat ini tidak flexible, ketergantungan terhadap vendor sangat besar karena fungsi data plane dan control plane berada dalam satu paket device. SDN (Software defined network) yang merupakan salahsatu evolusi teknologi jaringan sesuai dengan tuntutan yang berkembang dimana memisahkan fungsi data plane dan control plane pada suatu perangkat. POX Controller digunakan untuk men-simulasikan dan menguji Platform SDN (Software defined network). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Openflow versi 1.0 untuk memasang header VLAN sehingga penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengevaluasi performa forwarding VLAN yang memanfaatkan Openflow sebagai control plane dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Hasil penelitian ini mengusulkan penerapan karakteristik teknologi VLAN pada SDN karena telah berjalan dengan benar sesuai hasil pengujian konektifitas, verifikasi dan keamanan. Kemudian hasil pengujian lanjutan untuk melihat pengaruh SDN dengan skenario penambahan jumlah VLAN ID didapatkan bahwa set-up time akan bertambah seiring meningkatnya jumlah host dan dengan menggunakan protokol OpenFlow, latency yang terjadi di jaringan dapat dipantau dengan parameter round trip time (RTT) yang stabil direntang 0,2 sampai 6 second walaupun jumlah vlan_id dan background traffic bertambah.
TEKNIK MIGRASI DATA LINTAS DBMS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METADATA
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Aldhi Muhammad Dwi , Ananda Dahliar
Published: February 2016

Proses migrasi data biasanya dibutuhkan saat adanya perubahan sistem, format, atau tipe storage. Saat ini telah dikenal beberapa teknik dan kakas untuk melakukan migrasi data, misalnya CSV file, ODBC, SQLDump dan sebagainya. Sayangnya tidak semua teknik tersebut dapat diimplementasikan untuk migrasi data antara dua DBMS yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini dipaparkan sebuah teknik migrasi data yang dapat digunakan untuk migrasi data lintas DBMS. Teknik migrasi data yang dipaparkan memanfaatkan metadata yang ada di masing-masing DBMS. Proses migrasi data yang dipaparkan di sini melalui tiga tahap yaitu capture, convert dan construct. Sebuah prototype dibangun untuk menguji teknik migrasi data ini. Dengan menggunakan schema HR dilakukan uji coba migrasi data lintas DBMS antara Oracle dan MySQL. Dengan menggunakan teknik ini, migrasi data full-schema membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 20,43 detik dari DBMS Oracle ke MySQL dan 12,96 detik untuk skenario sebaliknya. Adapun untuk migrasi data parsial dibutuhkan waktu rata-rata 5,95 detik dari DBMS Oracle ke MySQL dan 2,19 detik untuk skenario sebaliknya.
Sward Structure, Light Interception, and Rhizome‐Root Responses of Rhizoma Peanut Cultivars and Germplasm to Grazing Management
Authors: Mullenix M. Kimberly , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Wallau Marcelo O. , Rowland Diane L. , Blount Ann R. , Vendramini João M.B. , Silveira Maria L.
Published: February 2016

‘Florigraze’ rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a persistent forage legume for the US Gulf Coast, but peanut stunt virus (Cucumovirus spp.) reduces herbage accumulation (HA). Less susceptible germplasms and cultivars of RP have been released, but their responses to grazing management are not known. The objective was to quantify aboveground and belowground sward responses to grazing management of RP entries differing in growth habit to explain HA and persistence. Treatments were all combinations of four RP entries (Florigraze, ‘UF Peace’, ‘UF Tito’, and germplasm Ecoturf), two grazing intensities (50 and 75% removal of pre‐grazing canopy height), and two regrowth intervals (3 or 6 wk). UF Tito swards were the tallest and Ecoturf the shortest, but Ecoturf had greater herbage bulk density than any entry. Pre‐grazing leaf percentage was greatest for Ecoturf (61%); there were no differences among the upright entries (56–57%). Ecoturf (0.88) and UF Tito (0.76) had greater post‐grazing residual leaf area index than Florigraze (0.61). Ecoturf and UF Tito had greater rhizome‐root mass (4450 and 4110 kg ha‐1, respectively) than Florigraze and UF Peace (3490 and 3170 kg ha‐1, respectively). Pre‐grazing light interception was greater for the 6‐ than 3‐wk grazing frequency (85 vs. 70%, respectively), and rhizome‐root mass followed a similar pattern (3990 vs. 2730 kg ha‐1, respectively). Sward structure, leaf, and rhizome‐root data explain lack of differences among entries in HA, excellent persistence of Ecoturf and UF Tito, and generally greater HA and persistence for 6‐ vs. 3‐wk regrowth intervals.
A modified Green–Ampt model for water infiltration and preferential flow
Authors: Liu Dedi , Xu Yao , Guo Shenglian , Liu Pan , Rheinheimer David E.
Published: February 2016

Preferential flow is significant for its contribution to rapid response to hydrologic inputs at the soil surface and unsaturated zone flow, which is critical for flow generation in rainfall–runoff (RR) models. In combination with the diffuse and source-responsive flow equations, a new model for water infiltration that incorporates preferential flow is proposed in this paper. Its performance in estimating soil moisture at the catchment scale was tested with observed water content data from the Elder sub-basin of the South Fork Eel River, located in northern California, USA. The case study shows that the new model can improve the accuracy of soil water content simulation even at the catchment scale. The impacts of preferential flow on RR simulation were tested by the Modello Idrologico Semi-Distributio in continuo lumped hydrological model for the Elder River basin. Eleven significant floods events, which were defined as having flood peak magnitudes greater than ten times average discharge during the study period, were employed to assess runoff simulation improvement. The accuracy of the runoff simulation incorporating the preferential flow at the catchment scale improved significantly according to the likelihood ratio test.
Field trial of an automated batch chlorinator system at shared water points in an urban community of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Nuhu , Crider Yoshika S. , Unicomb Leanne , Das Kishor K. , Gope Partha Sarathi , Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Islam M. Sirajul , Davis Jennifer , Luby Stephen P. , Pickering Amy J.
Published: February 2016

Point-of-use water treatment with chlorine is underutilized in low-income households. The Zimba, an automated batch chlorinator, requires no electricity or moving parts, and can be installed at shared water points with intermittent flow. We conducted a small-scale trial to assess the acceptability and quality of Zimba-treated municipal water. Fieldworkers collected stored drinking water over a 10-week period from control (n = 24 households) and treatment (n = 30 households) compounds to assess levels of free chlorine and E. coli contamination. Overall, 80% of stored drinking water samples had a safe chlorine residual among treatment households, compared to 29% among control households (P < 0.001). Concentrations of E. coli were lower (mean difference = 0.4 log colony-forming units/100 mL, P = 0.004) in treatment compared to control households. Fifty-three percent of mothers (n = 17), thought the Zimba was easy to use and 76% were satisfied with the taste. The majority of mothers mentioned that collecting water from the Zimba took more time and created a long queue at the handpump. The Zimba successfully chlorinated household stored drinking water; however, further technology development is required to address user preferences. The Zimba may be a good option for point-of-collection water treatment in areas where queuing for water is uncommon.
Evaluation of treatment potential, biogas generation and sludge properties of an anaerobic claridigester
Authors: Gani Khalid Muzamil , Ali Muntjeer , Om Singh Shri , Kazmi A. A.
Published: February 2016

The anaerobic process for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater has been in practice for over a century. Apart from treatment of wastewater, the process has the advantage of lower sludge and biogas production that can save energy. Application of this process in a primary clarifier in such a way that there is simultaneous digestion of primary settled sludge and organic removal from wastewater can be more advantageous in an aerobic treatment plant. The paper discusses the performance of such a primary claridigester at ambient temperature. With a single hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.5 h, the organic (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)) removal efficiency was 36.3% and 34.6%, respectively. The biosolid production rate was 0.383 g VSS/g COD removed or 0.818 g VSS/g BOD3 removed. However, biogas contains 80.8% methane and the COD mass balance revealed the loss of removed COD as 41.5% in the form of dissolved effluent from the claridigester. On account of sludge characterization, it was observed that nitrogen and zinc were present in highest concentration (2.55% and 1,776 mg/kg dry solids) and other nutrient and heavy metal parameters were within limits of not posing any risk of soil toxicity if disposed of for enrichment of soil.
Passive evaporation of source-separated urine from dry toilets: UES optimization and dry product accumulation over time
Authors: Bethune David N. , Chu Angus , Ryan M. Cathryn
Published: February 2016

A urine evaporation system (UES) was optimized and evaluated in a laboratory by adding 5 L of urine at the same time each day for 65 days. The UES consisted of a wooden box that is open at the front only with tracks for 22 vertically stacked cafeteria-type trays and a fan and chimney at the back. Urine flowed from tray to tray via gravity exiting each tray via a weir along the long side of the tray. A distinctive physical and chemical zonation in the solid urine product was observed from the upper to lower trays due to leaching of precipitated minerals in the upper trays and mineral accumulation in the lower trays. The redox conditions became increasingly oxidizing from the top to bottom trays due to contact with the atmosphere thus favouring more stable mineralized forms of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and sulphur (sulphate) and disfavouring the less stable and volatile ammonia, nitrogen gas and hydrogen sulphide. The quality of the fertilizer product is higher in the upper trays with higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, whereas the lower trays have higher levels of sodium chloride. Nitrogen losses due to ammonia volatilization were approximately 35%.
Negotiating hygiene and sanitary behaviors in transnational contexts: examples of Nigerians in the UK
Authors: Akpabio Emmanuel M.
Published: February 2016

The paper seeks to understand the extent to which hygiene and sanitary attitudes/practices are reproduced in transnational contexts using examples of Nigerians in the UK. In-depth and semi-structured interviews, participant interaction, secondary resources, follow-up interviews and informant discussions were important data sources. Issues discussed in this paper incorporate hand, body, dental, food and domestic hygiene and sanitary matters. The results show that not much has changed in hygiene and sanitary behaviors of the respondents despite having changed the environment and contexts of livelihood activities. The modest, recorded improvements in some behaviors can be attributed to the presence of basic infrastructures and services that unavoidably influence their utilization for some respondents. The paper argues that people do not necessarily aim for good hygiene and sanitary behaviors for health reasons as much as moral, social and certain cultural values. The desire to look good, be clean, eliminate discomfort, avoid bad bodily odor and gain social acceptance were the underlying driving reasons for sustaining good hygiene and sanitary living; health concerns were less important. Key elements of these findings hold practical prospects for addressing the hygiene and sanitary behavioral challenges for developing countries.
Evaluation of household drinking water filter distribution programs in Haiti
Authors: Rayner Justine , Murray Anna , Joseph Myriam , Branz Ariel , Lantagne Daniele
Published: February 2016

Household water treatment (HWT) can reduce the diarrheal disease burden in populations without access to safe water. We evaluated five programs that distributed biosand, ceramic, or Sawyer filters in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake and cholera outbreak. We conducted household surveys and tested Escherichia coli and turbidity in stored household untreated and treated water in ∼50 randomly selected households from each program. Across programs, self-reported filter use ranged from 27 to 78%; confirmed use (participants with reported use who also showed the filter with water currently in it) ranged from 20 to 76%; and effective use (participants who used the filter to improve water quality to international guideline values) ranged from 0 to 54%. Overall, programs that more successfully met evaluation metrics: (1) distributed an effective technology; (2) provided safe storage; (3) required cash investment; (4) provided initial training; (5) provided follow-up; (6) provided supply-chain access; (7) targeted households relying on contaminated water sources; and, (8) had experience working in the local context. These findings, similar to results of previous research on HWT, suggest that well-implemented programs have the potential to result in sustained household filter use in Haiti.
Sewage treatment efficacy and heavy metal removal in moving bed biofilm based treatment plants of northern India
Authors: Gani Khalid Muzamil , Ali Muntjeer , Rajpal Ankur , Jaiswal Hitesh , Kazmi Absar Ahmad
Published: February 2016

Moving bed biofilm reactor based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been installed in northern India over the last decade. As such, there are no performance evaluation studies of this technology in the region. Evaluation of four such STPs was carried out in terms of removal efficiencies of physico-chemical parameters, microbiological parameters and heavy metals. Results showed that the average chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of all STPs ranged from 74 to 91%, 81 to 95%, 79 to 93%, 44 to 80% and 58 to 85%, respectively. Total and thermotolerant (faecal) coliform in the influent and effluent of STPs ranged from 1.5 × 104 to 9.3 × 107 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL and 0 MPN/mL to 2,400 MPN/mL, respectively. Heavy metal concentration (nickel, zinc, cadmium, iron, lead, chromium, and copper) in effluent samples of all the STPs was below Indian discharge limits except lead. Integrated efficiency (IE) of the STPs was also evaluated and the results showed that the actual IE of all STPs was 0–10% larger than standard IE, indicating the suitability of the technology in the region.
Study of national rural drinking water programme implementation during last five years (from FY 2010–2011 to 2014–2015) in state of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Parsai Abhishek , Rokade Varsha
Published: February 2016

The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India is entrusted with the responsibility for providing financial and technical resources for ensuring safe and sufficient drinking water in rural habitations of India. As per data available on the online portal of MDWS regarding progress of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), out of a total 1,696,664 habitations nationwide, 1,249,695 (73.65%) habitations have been provided with a minimum of 40 litres per capita per day of water supply. Only 40.14% of the total habitations nationwide are provided with piped water supply schemes (PWSSs), and the remaining 59.86% of habitations have hand pumps and other schemes, whereas in the case of Madhya Pradesh, these figures are 15.96% and 84.04%, respectively. With the present rate of habitation coverage and quality of programme implementation, it seems almost impossible to reach the targets set in the ‘Strategic Plan for the rural drinking water sector for the period 2011 to 2022’. This study presents the findings of a state wide quantitative assessment of NRDWP implementation during the last five financial years (2010–2011 to 2014–2015) and also qualitative assessment of 16 PWSSs in 4 selected districts.
Effect of Ni morphology on removal of pentachlorophenol with Fe/Ni nanomaterials
Authors: Cheng Rong , Cheng Can , Liu Peng , Shi Lei , Ma Zhong
Published: February 2016

Chlorinated phenols are a kind of environmental priority pollutant that attract much attention. Nanosized Fe and Fe/Ni materials are considered as promising options for chlorinated phenol removal. The effect of Ni morphology on the removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with Fe/Ni nanomaterials was investigated in this study. Iron nanoparticles and nickel nanomaterials with different shapes were synthesized using a chemical reduction method and wet chemical techniques, respectively. The concentrations of PCP and chloride in solutions were measured with and without Ni present. The intermediates of PCP were also analyzed. The results showed that the dechlorination of PCP was promoted by Ni nanomaterials, among which the tubular porous Ni nanomaterials expressed the most promotion, then those with net shape and nanochains. However, the tubular porous Ni nanomaterials inhibited the removal of PCP, and the other two expressed a certain promotion. In the Fe/Ni system, Fe nanoparticles transformed into magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or maghemite (Fe2O3), and Ni nanomaterials were still pure Ni after reaction. The introduction of Ni nanomaterials would improve dechlorination of PCP, but the removal of PCP might be inhibited or improved as the morphology of Ni changed.
Management of Acute and Chronic Gout – The Nephrology Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Syed M. , Bailey James L.
Published: February 2016

Background: Gout and its treatment pose a greater burden on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We review the incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with CKD, mechanism of urate handling by the kidney and management of acute and chronic gout in patients with CKD and on renal replacement therapy.

Renal Handling of Urate: Reabsorption of urate is enhanced by the presence of monocarboxylate anions. URAT 1 is the predominant urate-anion exchanger followed by the GLUT 9 transporter. Various drugs inhibit these transporters. NPT1 and NPT4 are transporters which secrete urate and NPT 4’s action is inhibited by diuretics. Alcohol, volume depletion, salt restriction and high PTH levels cause hyperuricemia.

Management of Gout in CKD: For acute gout attack, NSAIDs are relatively contraindicated. Lower doses of colchicine are recommended in CKD and even lower doses for ESRD patients. Glucocorticoids are the preferred agents in renal patients. In chronic gout, the goal is to maintain uric acid levels < 6 mg/dl. Prophylactic colchicine is recommended for 3 months in patients without tophi and 6 months for patients with tophi. Allopurinol, at doses ranging from 100 to 300 mg/day, lowers serum uric acid levels, but it has not been shown to slow CKD progression. Safety data for Febuxostat is lacking in advance CKD, while Probenecid is in effective in patient with GFR < 30ml/min. Dose reduction for Pegloticase is not necessary.
Kidney Disease and Gout: The Role of the Innate Immune System
Authors: Finn William F.
Published: February 2016

The clinical manifestations and consequence of acute and chronic gout are closely associated with the activation of the innate immune system, stimulation of the NLP3 inflammasome and secretion of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18viacaspace-1 activity. This leads to cytokine release and an inflammatory response. It is now clear that a similar involvement of the innate immune system occurs in many forms of acute and chronic kidney disease with accentuation of renal tubular injury and stimulation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The local and systemic activation of the innate immune system may help explain the close association of these conditions and provide a target for therapeutic interdiction.
Neutron activation determination of gold in technogenic raw materials with different mineral composition
Authors: Yudakov Aleksandr , Ivannikov Sergey , Zheleznov Veniamin , Taskin Andrei , Tsybulskaya Oksana
Published: February 2016

The methods used to determine the gold content in the technogenic objects of
gold mining were analyzed regarding their non-homogeneity and complexity of
chemical and mineral compositions. A possible application of the neutron
activation analysis with the use of the californium source of neutrons for
determining the content of fine-grained and extra-fine-grained gold in the
technogenic objects, including the bottom-ash waste of energy providers, is
considered. It was demonstrated that the chemical composition of the sample
affects the neuron flux distribution in the sample, which can essentially
distort the results of the neutron activation analysis. In order to eliminate
possible systematic errors investigations of the effect of the sample mineral
composition on the results of the gold determination using the neutron
activation analysis were carried out. Namely, a large mass of rock (3-5 kg)
was loaded into an activation zone using four matrix types such as silicate,
carbon-containing, iron-containing, and titanium magnetite. It was shown that
there wereno significant difference between the dispersal of the fluxes of
thermal and resonance neutrons emitted from 252Cf during activation of the
gold-containing technogenic samples with different mineral compositions.
Project strategy for clean-up of sedimentary radioactive material in Fukushima bay areas using snake-like robotics
Authors: Cho Hyo , Woo Tae
Published: February 2016

The snake-like robot is used for clean-up project in Fukushima nuclear
disaster site. The contaminated water at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
plants has been purified by the water treatment system, called Advanced
Liquid Processing System, co-developed by Japanese and international
technologies. The system is used to remove most remaining radioactive
contaminants in water that had to be stored at the facility. In this paper, a
snake-like robot, incorporated with Advanced Liquid Processing System is
introduced for the severe accident in the nuclear power plants in which human
cannot control the cleaning-up in the sea where the radioactive materials
have been submerged and some resolved in the sea water. The effective
strategy of the cleaning-up is analyzed from the environmental protection
aspect with the snake's biomechanics and radioactive hazards.
Changes in knowledge about law in Hungary in the past half century
Authors: Fekete Balázs , Gajduschek György
Published: February 2016

In 1965 K?lm?n Kulcs?r, the leading researcher of legal sociology carried out
the first and for long the last questionnaire survey that aimed to assess the
legal knowledge of the Hungarian population. In an omnibus survey
representative for the adult Hungarian population we used several questions
identical with those of Kulcs?r?s in order to answer some of his research
question. These questions are for instance: how the knowledge of law
(criminal, constitutional, procedural) differs; or how the knowledge level of
various social groups (based on gender, age, social status etc.) varies; or
how media consumption, civil activity or previous interaction with legal
institutions (e.g court) influences knowledge level. Obviously, we had an
additional major question: how all these have changed in the past almost half
century? Our main finding is that the knowledge about law has certainly
increased during this period; moreover, the main impetus behind this was the
increase of the general educational level in the country.
Prostaglandin I2 Receptor Agonism Preserves β-Cell Function and Attenuates Albuminuria Through Nephrin-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Batchu Sri N. , Majumder Syamantak , Bowskill Bridgit B. , White Kathryn E. , Advani Suzanne L. , Brijmohan Angela S. , Liu Youan , Thai Kerri , Azizi Paymon M. , Lee Warren L. , Advani Andrew
Published: February 2016

Discovery of common pathways that mediate both pancreatic β-cell function and end-organ function offers the opportunity to develop therapies that modulate glucose homeostasis and separately slow the development of diabetes complications. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of pharmacological agonism of the prostaglandin I2 (IP) receptor in pancreatic β-cells and in glomerular podocytes. The IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increased intracellular 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and increased viability in MIN6 β-cells. Its prodrug form, selexipag, augmented GSIS and preserved islet β-cell mass in diabetic mice. Determining that this preservation of β-cell function is mediated through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/nephrin–dependent pathways, we found that PKA inhibition, nephrin knockdown, or targeted mutation of phosphorylated nephrin tyrosine residues 1176 and 1193 abrogated the actions of MRE-269 in MIN6 cells. Because nephrin is important to glomerular permselectivity, we next set out to determine whether IP receptor agonism similarly affects nephrin phosphorylation in podocytes. Expression of the IP receptor in podocytes was confirmed in cultured cells by immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR and in mouse kidneys by immunogold electron microscopy, and its agonism 1) increased cAMP, 2) activated PKA, 3) phosphorylated nephrin, and 4) attenuated albumin transcytosis. Finally, treatment of diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice with selexipag augmented renal nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated albuminuria development independently of glucose change. Collectively, these observations describe a pharmacological strategy that posttranslationally modifies nephrin and the effects of this strategy in the pancreas and in the kidney.
PKCζ Is Essential for Pancreatic β-Cell Replication During Insulin Resistance by Regulating mTOR and Cyclin-D2
Authors: Lakshmipathi Jayalakshmi , Alvarez-Perez Juan Carlos , Rosselot Carolina , Casinelli Gabriella P. , Stamateris Rachel E. , Rausell-Palamos Francisco , O’Donnell Christopher P. , Vasavada Rupangi C. , Scott Donald K. , Alonso Laura C. , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo
Published: February 2016

Adaptive β-cell replication occurs in response to increased metabolic demand during insulin resistance. The intracellular mediators of this compensatory response are poorly defined and their identification could provide significant targets for β-cell regeneration therapies. Here we show that glucose and insulin in vitro and insulin resistance in vivo activate protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) in pancreatic islets and β-cells. PKCζ is required for glucose- and glucokinase activator–induced proliferation of rodent and human β-cells in vitro. Furthermore, either kinase-dead PKCζ expression (KD-PKCζ) or disruption of PKCζ in mouse β-cells blocks compensatory β-cell replication when acute hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia is induced. Importantly, KD-PKCζ inhibits insulin resistance–mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and cyclin-D2 upregulation independent of Akt activation. In summary, PKCζ activation is key for early compensatory β-cell replication in insulin resistance by regulating the downstream signals mTOR and cyclin-D2. This suggests that alterations in PKCζ expression or activity might contribute to inadequate β-cell mass expansion and β-cell failure leading to type 2 diabetes.
Cardiovascular Collapse Associated With Irreversible Cardiomyopathy, Chronic Renal Failure, and Hypertension During Routine Dental Care
Authors: Thoms Sean , Cooke Matthew , Crawford James
Published: February 2016

Patients with multiple comorbid conditions visit the dental office every day, and although rare, complications from their conditions may occur during treatment. A case is presented of a 65-year-old African American woman with a history of severe cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and a reported local anesthetic allergy who experienced complete cardiovascular collapse during routine dental treatment from which she was successfully resuscitated. Treating clinicians should recognize the emerging symptoms and be proficient with a basic and advanced cardiac life support protocol to care for their patients safely and effectively until they can be transported to more advanced care facilities.
Complex method for angular-spectral analysis of volume phase diffraction gratings recorded in photopolymers
Authors: Vojtís̃ek P. , Květoň M. , Richter I.
Published: February 2016

Photopolymer recording materials are nowadays widely used for recording of diffraction gratings and other diffraction elements. For obtaining the best performance of these diffraction gratings for desired applications, it is important to assess these gratings from many different perspectives. In this contribution, we present an experimental and characterization approach to an analysis of diffraction gratings recorded into photopolymer materials. This approach is able to provide a complex and very illustrative description of these gratings response and, with accordance to the theory, information about some important grating parameters, such as a spatial period, slant angle, etc., as well. This approach is based on the measurement of a grating response for a wide range of angles and wavelengths and then on the construction and subsequent analysis of maps in the angular-spectral plane. It is shown that the measurements are in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on either approximate (Kogelnik’s coupled wave theory) or rigorous (RCWA) techniques and that this approach provides complex and detailed characterization of the grating response which can be used for additional optimization or decision of applicability of measured sample gratings.
Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in patients attending emergency department of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Prasad , Malla Rabi , Limbu Deepak , Rauniyar Binaya Kumar , Regmi Sudhir , Hirachan Anish , BHatt Yadav
Published: February 2016

Background and Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. This study aims to evaluate its prevalence in patients attending emergency department of tertiary care cardiac centre.Methods: It was a prospective observational study of 1012 consecutive patients who attended emergency department of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from September 2014 to November 2014. Electrocardiogram, demographic features, diagnosis and clinical presentations were reviewed.Results: Among the 1012 patients, 553 (54.6%) were male and 459(45.4%) were female. Mean age was 52.13} 17 years. A total of 140 patients (13.8%) patients had AF. The mean age of patients with AF was 55 years. The prevalence of AF was higher in female than male (19.2% Vs 9.4%). Among the Rheumatic heart disease patients, seventy percentages of them had AF. Dyspnea was the commonest symptom of patients with AF followed by palpitation.Conclusion: The prevalence of AF in our study is higher than in western world mainly because of endemic rheumatic heart disease.Nepalese Heart Journal 2016; 13(1): 1-4
Dental Journalism: Finding Fact, Fiction, Fallacies, Fraud…
Authors: Shrestha Rabindra Man
Published: February 2016

According to an opinion poll doctors topped the list among various professionals whom the public believe the most in telling truth; while journalists were on the bottom of the list. The MORI poll carried on behalf of British Medical Association showed that 87% believe doctors don’t lie, while 85% assume journalists don’t report truth. Surfacing amidst the trust bestowed upon the doctors and mistrust for the journalists, this article attempts to explain various aspects of dental journalism.
Perception and Practice of Nepalese Adult and Adolescent Patients towards Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Shrestha Rabindra Man , Shrestha Sujita
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Patient’s perception and practice on ongoing treatment is very important to evaluate the practice management.Objective: To assess the perception and practice of Nepalese orthodontic patients towards orthodontic treatment and to find the difference between adolescent and adult.Materials & Method: A structured questionnaire with 3-point Likert scale was used among 536 orthodontic patients at eight orthodontic centers. The data were rescored based on their views and depicted on good, moderate and poor levels. The difference in perception and practice between adolescent and adult patients was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.Result: More than 80% patients feel that, orthodontist’s dealing and skill is good, while more than two-third feel that orthodontic treatment is expensive. More than half adolescent and two-third adult patients restrict certain food due to braces; about one third adolescent and one-fourth adult patients are careless on appliance breakage. More number of adult patients consume analgesics compared to adolescents. There was significant difference in perception about ‘duration of treatment’ and ‘chance of relapse’, and practice on ‘food restriction’ and ‘carelessness of appliance’ between adolescent and adult patients.Conclusion: Nepalese orthodontic patients possess good perception about orthodontist’s dealing and skill, and good practice on regular brushing habits. Adolescent patients lack positive perception about duration of treatment and majority of patients feel that orthodontic treatment is expensive. Adult patients have better perception and practice about the orthodontic treatment than adolescent in all parameters studied except for ‘cost of treatment’ and ‘use of analgesics’.
Impact of Malocclusion on Quality of Life in Sudanese Dental Students
Authors: Elmahgoub Fatima A , Abuaffan Amal H
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Both psychological and social factors come to play when analyzing oral health-related quality of life, and recent developments have shown that more focus has been placed on patients’ own perceptions of oral health status and oral health care systems to understand their needs, fulfillment with treatment, and ultimately the perceived overall quality of health systems.Objective: To assess the impact of orthodontic treatment needs on oral health-related quality of life of dental students.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study was done on a random sample of 100 dental students aged 17-23 years at the University of Medical Sciences & Technology in Sudan. Each subject was assessed for orthodontic treatment need using Dental Health Component (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Each subject was given an Oral health-related quality to life questionnaire to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP).Result: The oral health-related quality of life was generally good. Those with ‘definite need for treatment’ showed higher impact on oral health in relation to functional limitation and physical pain, than those who had ‘borderline need’, ‘little need’, or ‘no need for treatment’. Males with ‘borderline’ and ‘definite need for treatment’ generally showed higher impact on oral health than the female counterpart. However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Malocclusion does not seem to affect the oral health-related quality of life to a significant degree.
Evaluation of Enamel Loss with Polycrystalline Ceramic Bracket using two different Debonding Techniques
Authors: Prasad P Narayan , Sharma Tarun , Chaudhary Gaurav , Vedvyas Arjun , Gupta Sandeep
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Debonding of ceramic brackets requires a technique that will restore the enamel surface possibly to its pretreatment condition.Objective: To evaluate a comparative degree of enamel loss with various debonding techniques.Materials & Method: 30 extracted premolars were divided into three equal groups of 10 each on the basis of bonding material used. Six subgroups comprising of 5 teeth each were formed on the basis of debonding techniques. Debonded enamel surfaces were photographed under Scanning Electron Microscope to evaluate the enamel loss percentage and compared using oneway ANOVA.Result: Decreasing order of enamel surface loss was 63.1%, 56.3%, 45.4%, 43%, 31% and 30.5% for light cure–mechanical, light cure-electrothermal, self cure-mechanical, self cure-electrothermal, single composite-mechanical and single compositeelectrothermalcombination respectively.Conclusion: Mechanical debonding leads to greater enamel loss than electrothermal debonding. Bonding with Light cure composite always leads to greater enamel loss irrespective of type of debonding technique. Bonding with single composite always leads to lesser enamel loss irrespective of debonding technique.
Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Materials used for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets : A Comparative in vitro Study
Authors: Shaik Muzin Shahi , Pattanaik Snigdha , Pathuri Sudhakar , Sivakumar Arunachalam
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Bond strength is an important property and determines the amount of force delivered and treatment duration in orthodontics. Many light-cured bonding materials are being used; but it is required to determine the most efficient one withdesired bond strength.

Objective: To determine and compare the shear bond strength of three visible light-cured composites (Transbond XT, Heliositand Enlight) and two self-cured composites (Rely-a-bond and Concise).

Materials & Method: 100 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into 5 test groups of different adhesives. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with the respective adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each specimen was debonded using Universal Testing Machine and the shear bond strength for each specimen was calculated. All the groups were compared by ANOVA one-way test.

Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five groups (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of Enlight (13.92 ± 3.92) is similar to Transbond XT (14.30 ± 4.35).

Conclusion: Light cure composites showed higher bond strength than self cure composites.