bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borders Inscribed on the Body: Geopolitics and the Everyday in the Work of Martín Kohan
Authors: McAllister Catriona
Published: February 2020

This article analyses the critique of militaristic geopolitical worldviews in two novels by Martín Kohan (Dos veces junio, 2002 and Ciencias morales, 2007). Drawing on ‘everyday nationalism’ and the insights of feminist geopolitics, it explores these novels' use of space and gendered violence to present Argentina's 1976–1983 dictatorship and the Falklands/Malvinas war as unexceptional manifestations of the relationship between the state and its citizens. This reading foregrounds Kohan's emphasis on the origins and consequences of national identity discourses, framed as powerful narratives capable of generating a vision of the nation‐state that privileges the security of borders over bodies.
The affordable housing, transportation, and food nexus: Community gardens and healthy affordable living in Calgary
Authors: Lowan‐Trudeau Miho , Keough Noel , Wong Joshua , Haidey Sara
Published: February 2020

This study examining community gardens in Calgary was initiated in collaboration with the non‐profit organization, Sustainable Calgary, as part of their housing‐transportation‐food nexus initiative. The main research objectives were to determine the socio‐economic demographics of neighbourhoods that support community gardens and the proximity of community gardens to active transportation and public transit. Methods included the use of GIS visualization and quantitative analyses to investigate relationships between demographic variables of neighbourhoods that support community gardens, as well as the accessibility of active transit routes and Light Rail Transit stations. Findings show that community garden neighbourhoods are located in neighbourhoods with significantly fewer visible minorities, higher levels of educational attainment, and more attached dwellings such as apartments and townhomes. The average distance of community gardens from a major bike lane is 330 m, while the average distance from a Light Rail Transit station is 1.78 km. This study suggests potential inequities that may be present within the proliferation of public community gardens based on socio‐economic factors other than economic capital. This paper concludes with a discussion surrounding implications and recommendations to further the equitable expansion of community gardens.
More than a quarter century of Creativity and Innovation Management: The journal's characteristics, evolution, and a look ahead
Authors: Rose Robert , Hölzle Katharina , Björk Jennie
Published: February 2020

When this journal was founded in 1992 by Tudor Rickards and Susan Moger, there was no academic outlet available that addressed issues at the intersection of creativity and innovation. From zero to 1,163 records, from the new kid on the block to one of the leading journals in creativity and innovation management has been quite a journey, and we would like to reflect on the past 28 years and the intellectual and conceptual structure of Creativity and Innovation Management (CIM). Specifically, we highlight milestones and influential articles, identify how key journal characteristics evolved, outline the (co‐)authorship structure, and finally, map the thematic landscape of CIM by means of a text‐mining analysis. This study represents the first systematic and comprehensive assessment of the journal's published body of knowledge and helps to understand the journal's influence on the creativity and innovation management community. We conclude by discussing future topics and paths of the journal as well as limitations of our approach.
From the classical art to the urban art infusion effect: The effect of street art and graffiti on the consumer evaluation of products
Authors: Baumgarth Carsten , Wieker Jennifer Bahati
Published: February 2020

Combinations of art and products are a classic and current topic. Examples like the collaboration of the Medici with artists in the Renaissance or the logo development of Chupa Chups by Salvador Dali are historical examples. The BMW art cars by Jeff Koons and Cao Fei or the art‐based special editions of Louis Vuitton bags are current best practices. All these cases expected a positive impact of art on the product or brand evaluation. This spillover effect was coined “art infusion effect” by Hagtvedt and Patrick. This, as well as further studies on the art infusion effect, are predominantly concerned with classical fine arts. However, despite an observable increase of urban arts‐brands collaborations, the effects of these have not been researched. Our study determines that graffiti and street art are perceived by consumers as art. To confirm the art infusion effect for urban art, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The presence of urban art has a favourable influence on the evaluation of products. These results replicate and extend the findings of Hagtvedt and Patrick. As drivers of the urban art infusion effect, we also identify two additional drivers: the fit between the art and the product and the “lifestyle perception”.
Effects of MIR143 on rat sarcoma signaling networks in solid tumors: A brief overview
Authors: Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Takabe Kazuaki , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Akao Yukihiro
Published: February 2020

Rat sarcoma (RAS) is a well‐known oncogene that plays important roles in cancer proliferation, cell survival and cell invasion. RAS exists as three major isoforms, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), Harvey rat sarcoma (HRAS) and neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS). Mutations of these genes account for approximately 30% of all cancers. Among them, KRAS mutations are the most common, responsible for 85%, followed by NRAS (12%) and HRAS (3%). Although the development of RAS inhibitors has been explored for over the past decade, so far, no effective inhibitor has been found. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non–coding RNA that control the gene expression of pleural target genes at the post–transcriptional level. MiRNA play critical roles in the physiological and pathological processes at work in cancers, such as cell proliferation, cell death, cell invasion and metastasis. MicroRNA‐143 (MIR143) is known to function as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers. One of its known mechanisms is suppression of RAS expression and its effector signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK. Within the last five years, we developed a potent chemically modified MIR143‐3p that enabled us to elucidate the details of the KRAS signaling networks at play in colon and other cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the role of MIR143‐3p in those RAS signaling networks that are related to various biological processes of cancer cells. In addition, we will discuss the possibility of the use of MIR143 as a therapeutic drug for targeting RAS signaling networks.
Aberrant expression of miR‐29b‐3p influences heart development and cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting NOTCH2
Authors: Yang Qian , Wu Fang , Mi Yaping , Wang Feng , Cai Ke , Yang Xiaoshan , Zhang Ranran , Liu Lian , Zhang Yawen , Wang Youhua , Wang Xu , Xu Mingqing , Gui Yonghao , Li Qiang
Published: February 2020

Objectives

microRNA‐29 (miR‐29) family have shown different expression patterns in cardiovascular diseases. Our study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of miR‐29 family on cardiac development.

Materials and methods

A total of 13 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and 7 controls were included in our study. Tissues were obtained from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) after surgical resection or autopsy. The next‐generation sequencing was applied to screen the microRNA expression profiles of CHD. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot were employed to measure genes expression. Tg Cmlc2: GFP reporter zebrafish embryos were injected with microRNA (miRNA) to explore its role in cardiac development in vivo. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was designed to validate the target gene of miRNAs. CCK‐8 and EdU incorporation assays were performed to evaluate cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Results

Our study showed miR‐29b‐3p expression was significantly increased in the RVOT of the CHD patients. Injection of miR‐29b‐3p into zebrafish embryos induced higher mortality and malformation rates, developmental delay, cardiac malformation and dysfunction. miR‐29b‐3p inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation, and its inhibitor promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified that miR‐29b‐3p influenced cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting NOTCH2, which was down‐regulated in the RVOT of the CHD patients.

Conclusion

This study reveals that miR‐29b‐3p functions as a novel regulator of cardiac development and inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation via NOTCH2, which provides novel insights into the aetiology and potential treatment of CHD.
Pulsed echinocandin therapy in azole intolerant or multiresistant chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: A retrospective review at a UK tertiary centre
Authors: Osborne William , Fernandes Michelle , Brooks Sophie , Grist Emily , Sayer Charlie , Hansell David M. , Wilson Robert , Shah Anand , Loebinger Michael R.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a fungal disease with high mortality and morbidity. Guidelines suggest treatment with azoles as first‐line therapy. However, patients often develop treatment intolerance or increasingly azole resistance.

Objectives

This retrospective review assesses outcomes in azole resistant or intolerant patients with CPA treated with cyclical echinocandin therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively examined records of 25 patients with CPA treated with cyclical caspofungin, 6 of whom were either azole‐resistant or azole intolerant. Baseline characteristics, high‐resolution computed tomography severity scores, forced expiratory volume after 1 minute (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), body mass index and serology (Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgG, Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgE, total IgE and CRP) were assessed before and after caspofungin.

Results

Of the six patients, four (66%) started caspofungin due to intolerance and two (33%) due to pan‐azole resistance. On treatment, there was stability in FEV1 with an overall mortality of 33% during the follow‐up period with a median survival of 875.5 days (IQR 529‐1024). No significant change in serology (A. fumigatus‐specific IgG and CRP was seen.

Conclusions

With pulsed echinocandin therapy, azole‐intolerant or pan‐resistant CPA patients have similar mortality rates to azole‐naïve CPA patients. Pulsed echinocandin therapy may present a strategy to stabilize CPA in patients with pan resistance or intolerance to, azole therapy.
Simultaneous triple side‐by‐side metal stent deployment for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi
Published: February 2020

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Predictors and consequences of declining insulin therapy by individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Turchin A. , Hosomura N. , Zhang H. , Malmasi S. , Shubina M.
Published: February 2020

Aim

To determine the relationship between decline of insulin therapy by individuals with type 2 diabetes and subsequent blood glucose control.

Methods

We retrospectively studied adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal (HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol [7.0%]) glycaemic control followed at two academic hospitals between 2000 and 2014 who were recommended insulin therapy. Decline of insulin therapy recommendations was identified using natural language processing of provider notes. Time to HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) served as the primary outcome.

Results

Of 5307 study participants, 2267 (42.7%) declined insulin therapy. Median time to HbA1c control in individuals who declined vs. started insulin therapy was 50 vs. 38 months, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, decline of insulin therapy was associated with hazard ratio for HbA1c control of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; P = 0.008). Participants were more likely to accept insulin therapy recommendations if they had diabetes complications (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.53; P < 0.001) or a higher HbA1c (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13; P < 0.001), and less likely if they were older (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.86; P < 0.001) or were taking more non‐insulin diabetes medications (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.83; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who declined insulin therapy subsequently had worse glycaemic control. These findings highlight the need to improve our understanding of the relationship of this common but poorly explored clinical phenomenon to blood glucose control and ultimately diabetes complications.
The methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor ZGN‐1061 improves glucose control and weight in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wentworth John M. , Colman Peter G. ,   Zafgen Study Group
Published: February 2020

The methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor ZGN‐1061 lowered weight and improved glucose in preclinical studies. We sought to determine its efficacy and safety by performing a multicentre, phase 2, randomized controlled trial involving overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c between 7% and 11% inclusive. Participants were randomized to receive subcutaneous treatment with placebo or 0.05, 0.3, 0.9 or 1.8 mg ZGN‐1061 every third day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c at week 12. Relative to placebo, the 0.9 and 1.8 mg doses induced clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c of 0.6% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%; P = 0.0006) and 1.0% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.4%; P < 0.0001), respectively. The 1.8 mg dose also induced weight loss of 2.2% (95% CI 1.1% to 3.3%; P = 0.0002). The incidence of adverse events was balanced across the treatment groups. We conclude that MetAP2 inhibition with ZGN‐1061 for 12 weeks improved glucose control and aided weight loss in overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes. However, given safety issues, Zafgen has discontinued MetAP2 inhibitor development.
Multimodality imaging in preparation for resection of a right atrial cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Gao Ying , Wu Wenqian , Zhang Li , Sun Zhenxing , Xie Yuji , Li Yuman , Xie Mingxing
Published: February 2020

A cardiac cavernous hemangioma is an extremely rare primary benign cardiac tumor. Herein, we report a case of cavernous hemangioma in the right atrium and close to the coronary sinus of an asymptomatic 56‐year‐old male who underwent multimodality imaging and successful resection of the cavernous hemangioma. Our case highlights that multimodality imaging plays an important role in characterizing cardiac hemangiomas and determining the surgical plan.
Comparison of differentiation gene batteries for migratory mechanosensory neurons across bilaterians
Authors: Zhao Di , Chen Siyu , Horie Takeo , Gao Yimeng , Bao Hongcun , Liu Xiao
Published: February 2020

In embryos of distantly related bilaterian phyla, their lateral neural borders give rise to the peripheral nervous system elements, including various mechanosensory cells derived from migratory precursors, such as hair cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vertebrates, bipolar tail neuron (BTN) in Ciona, chordotonal organ in Drosophila, and AVM/PVM in Caenorhabditis elegans. Developmental genetics studies had revealed a couple of transcription factors (TFs) regulating differentiation of mechanosensory cells shared by vertebrates and arthropods. However, unbiased systematic profiling of regulators is needed to demonstrate conservation of differentiation gene batteries for mechanosensory cells across bilaterians. At first, we observed that in both C. elegans Q neuroblasts and Drosophila lateral neuroectoderm, conserved NPB specifier Msx/vab‐15 regulates Atoh1/lin‐32, supporting the homology of mechanosensory neuron development in lateral neural border lineage of Ecdysozia. So we used C. elegans as a protostomia model. Single‐cell resolution expression profiling of TFs and genetic analysis revealed a differentiation gene battery (Atonh1/lin‐32, Drg11/alr‐1, Gfi1/pag‐3, Lhx5/mec‐3, and Pou4/unc‐86) for AVM/PVM mechanosensory neurons. The worm‐gene battery significantly overlaps with both that of placode‐derived Atonh1/lin‐32‐dependent hair cells and that of NPB‐derived Neurogenin‐dependent DRG neurons in vertebrates, supporting the homology of molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of neural border‐derived mechanosensory cells between protostome and deuterostome. At last, Ciona BTN, the homolog of vertebrate DRG, also expresses Atonh1/lin‐32, further supporting the homology notion and indicating a common origin of hair cells and DRG in vertebrate lineage.
Antibiotic resistance and clonal relatedness of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from stomach biopsy specimens in northeast of Iran
Authors: Hamidi Sara , Badmasti Farzad , Sadeghpour Heravi Fatemah , Safapoor Mohammed Hossein , Mohammad Ali Tabrizi Amir , Ghorbani Mohammad , Azizi Omid
Published: February 2020

Background

Resistant Helicobacter pylori to commonly used antimicrobial agents are associated with severe upper gastrointestinal disorders. To provide an epidemiological picture of H pylori and characterize the resistance pattern and genetic variation of clinical isolates, stomach biopsies from patients with functional dyspepsia were evaluated in northeast of Iran.

Materials and methods

In this study, 80 patients were recruited. Finally, fifty H pylori strains were isolated from antrum and corpus biopsies by culturing on Columbia agar. All strains were identified by standard laboratory procedures. Susceptibility testing of antibiotics was performed using minimum inhibitory concentration test. Allele‐specific primer (ASP)‐PCR of 23S rRNA which associated with clarithromycin resistance was done among resistant strains. Moreover, cagA gene and polymorphism in vacA were detected. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR) was applied to investigate the genetic variations among all strains.

Results

Antibiotic resistance pattern of H pylori strains was as follows: 68% (34/50) to metronidazole, 50% (25/50) to rifampicin, 30% (15/50) to amoxicillin, 28% (14/50) to levofloxacin, 22% (11/50) to clarithromycin, and 16% (8/50) to tetracycline. Multidrug‐resistant strains were observed in 19 strains (38%). ASP‐PCR of 23S rRNA showed four strains had A2143G mutation, six strains had A2142G mutation, and one strain had a Wt+A2143G mutation. Amplification of virulence‐associated genes revealed that cagA was present in 27 isolates (54%) and vacA in 36 isolates (72%). The most common genotype of H pylori was vacA s1am2 (40%) followed by vacA s2m2 (14%), vacA s1am1 (12%), vacA s1bm1 (4%), and vacA s1bm2 (2%). DNA fingerprinting pattern indicated a high heterogeneity among isolated strains.

Conclusion

An alarming level of resistance to metronidazole and rifampicin and high heterogeneity among H pylori isolates highlighted the importance of continued monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological surveillance of this pathogen.
Internet penetration and consumption inequality in China
Authors: Zhang Shu , Li Feng , Xiao Jing Jian
Published: February 2020

Growing research shows that information technology accelerates economic growth and development, but the effect of Internet penetration on inequality is less well documented, especially about consumption inequality. On the one hand, Internet lowers transaction costs and offers equal access to online products especially beneficial for remote and poor populations, seemingly reducing inequality. On the other hand, uneven access to the Internet may increase divergences. This study examines the relationship between Internet penetration and consumption inequality. Using data from 155 counties available from 2010 to 2016 China Family Panel Studies, this study examines whether Internet penetration potentially impacts consumption inequality considering regional heterogeneity. Based on fixed‐effect models and the two‐stage least squares regressions, results suggest the Internet penetration may increase consumption inequality measured by the Gini index. Furthermore, higher education and over a certain Internet penetration rate buffer the positive impact of the Internet. In some cases, the Internet has smaller positive or even negative impacts on consumption inequality in regions with higher education levels and over threshold penetrations.
Application of clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis to assessment of in vitro effects of direct oral anticoagulants on fibrinolysis
Authors: Oka Shusaku , Wakui Masatoshi , Fujimori Yuta , Kuroda Yuko , Nakamura Shoko , Kondo Yoshino , Nakagawa Terumichi , Katagiri Hisako , Murata Mitsuru
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Acceleration of fibrinolysis by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has been reported by several groups, suggesting contribution of not only anticoagulant but also fibrinolytic effects to the therapeutic efficacy. The present study aims to evaluate the usability of clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) for assessment of in vitro effects of DOACs on fibrinolysis.

Methods

The experimental conditions were optimized according to how t‐PA concentrations and a time length after t‐PA adjustment affect parameters of CFWA. Addition of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagent followed by that of calcium and t‐PA was done to obtain clotting and fibrinolytic reaction curves which were mathematically differentiated for CFWA (APTT‐CFWA). The positive and negative modes of waveforms were defined as the direction toward fibrin generation and that toward fibrin degradation, respectively. The maximum positive and negative values (Maxp1 and Maxn1) correspond to the maximum coagulation velocity and the maximum fibrinolysis velocity, respectively. Plasma spiked with each of DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran) was subjected to APTT‐CFWA.

Results

Optimization of t‐PA use was based on Maxn1. Roughly biphasic effects of rivaroxaban and dabigatran but not apixaban or edoxaban on fibrinolysis were observed through Maxn1 and the fibrinolysis peak time, which was defined as a time length from the time when Maxp1 (Maxp1 time) to the time when Maxn1 appears (Maxn1 time).

Conclusion

The results suggest the usability of CFWA for assessment of DOAC effects and provide insights into relevance of anticoagulation to therapeutic efficacy and bleeding risk from the perspective of fibrinolysis.
Fair value accounting: Current practice and perspectives for future research
Authors: McDonough Ryan , Panaretou Argyro , Shakespeare Catherine
Published: February 2020

A fundamental issue debated in the accounting literature centres on the appropriate basis for measuring firms’ assets and liabilities. During the last several decades, scholars have generated a growing body of important insights about the use of the fair value measurement attribute in financial reports around the globe. In this paper, we provide an overview of the institutional background of fair value accounting and the associated accounting standards that prescribe the use of fair value measurements under International Financial Reporting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the US. We discuss and document the extent to which firms across different industries and accounting regimes recognize and disclose in their financial reports assets and liabilities measured at fair value and we reflect on aspects of the fair value accounting literature. In doing this, we identify several areas in which additional research can further our understanding of fair value measurements and disclosures.
Optical coherence tomography in diagnosis of inflammatory scalp disorders
Authors: Rajabi‐Estarabadi A. , Vasquez‐Herrera N.E. , Martinez‐Velasco M.A. , Tsatalis J. , Verne S.H. , Nouri K. , Tosti A.
Published: February 2020

Background

The common inflammatory scalp disorders share similar clinical manifestations, and patient work up require invasive, undesirable diagnostic procedures like biopsy to ensure correct diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive high‐resolution imaging modality that has found a valuable tool to assist in the diagnose and evaluation of different skin diseases.

Objectives

To describe the structural and vascular dynamic OCT (D‐OCT) findings of inflammatory scalp disorders including scalp psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and contact dermatitis and to compare trichoscopy and OCT features.

Methods

Subjects with diagnosis of seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis or contact dermatitis were enrolled in this study. OCT scans were taken on involved scalp, and the same scalp regions were evaluated by trichoscopy and compared with healthy scalp.

Results

A total of fourteen subjects (two healthy controls, four seborrhoeic dermatitis, five psoriasis and three contact dermatitis) participated. D‐OCT imaging of vascular pattern in healthy scalp and the inflammatory scalp disorders were described. D‐OCT images could enhance the clinician's ability to distinguish psoriasis from seborrhoeic dermatitis by objectively detect and assess red loop density. In scalp contact dermatitis, the vessels of the deep plexus were more dilated and fewer in number than those found in seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Conclusion

Dynamic OCT provides information that more clearly elucidates changes at the level of the superficial and deep plexuses without invasively interfering with superficial structures. In the context of inflammatory scalp disorders, this is useful to discern disorders with overlapping symptoms and minimize the use of invasive biopsies to diagnose.
Can primary care access reduce health care utilization for patients with obesity‐associated chronic conditions in medically underserved areas?
Authors: Dashputre Ankur A. , Surbhi Satya , Podila Pradeep S.B. , Shuvo Sohul A. , Bailey James E.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

The prevalence and burdens of obesity‐associated chronic conditions (OCC) are rising nationwide, particularly in health professional shortage areas (HPSA). This study examined the impact of access to primary care on health care utilization for vulnerable populations with OCC in the South.

Methods

Adult patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), greater than or equal to one additional OCC, and self‐reported primary care access data were retrospectively identified from hospital and emergency department (ED) electronic medical records of a major health care system in the South. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with self‐reported access to primary care. Multivariable zero‐inflated negative binomial models assessed effect of HPSA residence on relationships between self‐reported access to primary care and health care utilization.

Results

A total of 29 674 patients were identified. Hypertension (76.1%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (34.1%), and hyperlipidemia (32.9%) were the most prevalent OCC. Males (odds ratio [OR]: 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40‐0.47), unmarried (OR: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.76), and uninsured (OR: 0.29; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.32) had lower odds of access to primary care. For patients living in HPSA (vs non‐HPSA), access to primary care was associated with higher incidence of overall ED use (relative risk [RR]: 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.61) and lower incidence of potentially preventable hospital use (RR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.92).

Conclusion

Paradoxically, access to primary care may increase ED use while reducing potentially preventable hospital utilization for patients with OCC in HPSA. Increasing access to primary care alone, without strengthening its capacity to serve the needs of vulnerable patients, may be insufficient to reduce hospital utilization.
The commercially important shoemaker spinefoot, Siganus sutor, connects coral reefs to neighbouring seagrass meadows
Authors: Ebrahim Ameer , Bijoux Jude P. , Mumby Peter J. , Tibbetts Ian R.
Published: February 2020

Spatial management of fish populations can potentially be optimized by determining the area of influence of a particular species. We performed an acoustic tagging study implemented on Denis Island in the Seychelles to assess the area of influence of the heavily targeted shoemaker spinefoot, Siganus sutor. We investigated whether this species acts as a mobile link between coral patches and seagrass meadows, and whether their movements differed between day and night. The study incorporated an array of 22 acoustic stations deployed within dense coral patches, seagrass meadows and mixed habitats of both seagrass and coral. Fifteen S. sutor carrying internal acoustic tags were monitored from November 2016 until May 2017. Detection patterns revealed them to be diurnal herbivores, with only rare nocturnal movements. Home‐range estimates showed that individuals differed in their spatial range extents and habitats used, covering ~15% of the total shallow subtidal coastline of the island. However, they displayed very small daily movements (<200 m), concentrated mainly around sites within mixed coral and seagrass habitats. An optimal number of detections was recorded when the coral to seagrass area ratio was approximately 1.6:1. This ratio was confirmed through statistical prediction modelling. Identification of such links of commercially important species between networked habitats may help authorities consider incorporating seagrass meadows of the Seychelles into management discussions, which are currently lacking.
Bank Quality, Judicial Efficiency, and Loan Repayment Delays in Italy
Authors: SCHIANTARELLI FABIO , STACCHINI MASSIMILIANO , STRAHAN PHILIP E.
Published: February 2020

Italian firms delay payment to banks weakened by past loan losses. Exploiting Credit Register data, we fully absorb borrower fundamentals with firm‐quarter effects. Identification therefore reflects firm choices to delay payment to some banks, depending on their health. This selective delay occurs more where legal enforcement of collateral recovery is slow. Poor enforcement encourages borrowers not to pay when the value of their bank relationship comes into doubt. Selective delays occur even by firms able to pay all lenders. Credit losses in Italy have thus been worsened by the combination of weak banks and weak legal enforcement.
Gestational psittacosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Katsura Daisuke , Tsuji Shunichiro , Kimura Fuminori , Tanaka Tomoki , Eguchi Yutaka , Murakami Takashi
Published: February 2020

Gestational psittacosis is a rare disease that is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no examination method which allows for a quick diagnosis. We report a case of gestational psittacosis that could not be diagnosed as psittacosis during treatment and resulted in maternal and fetal death despite intensive treatment. We also reviewed 23 cases of gestational psittacosis. Fetal and maternal mortality was 82.6% (19/23) and 8.7% (2/23), respectively. In pregnant women with high fever and flu‐like symptoms, we should suspect Chlamydia psittaci infection if at least one of the following is present; contact with sheep, parrots, parakeets or goats; normal or moderately decreased leucocyte count, thrombocytopenia and hepatic and/or renal dysfunction; cough and/or lobe consolidation or infiltration on chest X‐ray. Antibiotic therapy with macrolide prenatally, macrolide or tetracycline postnatally and termination of pregnancy should be considered.
The One Health concept – the health of humans is intimately linked with the health of animals and a sustainable environment
Authors: Stenvinkel P.
Published: February 2020

Content List ‐ This is an article from the symposium: “Bioinspirational medicine”.
Latent Growth in Self‐Regulatory Subdimensions in Relation to Adjustment Outcomes in Youth Aged 12–19
Authors: Memmott‐Elison Madison K. , Moilanen Kristin L. , Padilla‐Walker Laura M.
Published: February 2020

This study assessed latent growth in behavioral inhibition, anger regulation, and goal‐setting from ages 12 to 18, as well as links between latent growth and depression, externalizing behavior, and prosocial behavior at age 19. A second goal included examining whether latent growth in these constructs and associations with distal outcomes varied by sex. Generally speaking, self‐regulatory subdimensions displayed distinct patterns of developmental growth from ages 12 to 18. Growth in self‐regulatory subdimensions did not vary by sex, though initial levels of anger regulation and goal‐setting did vary by sex. In addition, self‐regulatory subdimensions from ages 12 to 18 were differentially related to adjustment outcomes at age 19. However, sex did not moderate associations between growth in self‐regulatory subdimensions and distal outcomes.
How do Children Evaluate the Gossiper of Negative Gossip?
Authors: Shinohara Asami , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Okumura Yuko , Kobayashi Tessei
Published: February 2020

In this study, we investigated how children evaluate gossipers. There are two conflicting ways in which children evaluate the gossiper of negative gossip about another person. One is that they perceive the gossiper of negative gossip as bad because saying something negative about another person can be seen as indirect aggression. The other is that they perceive the gossiper of negative gossip as good because such gossip is beneficial to regulate their relationship with the gossip's target. To address the issue, we asked 7‐ and 8‐year‐olds to choose the gossiper of negative gossip or the gossiper of neutral gossip as a cooperative partner and to distribute resources between the gossipers. We found that the children often did not choose the gossiper of negative gossip as a partner and did not distribute many resources to her, indicating a perception of the negative gossiper as bad. This suggests that children's evaluation of a gossiper is influenced by the valence of gossip rather than the value of gossip.
Preliminary evaluation of effect of two visual aid devices on navigation in blind dogs
Authors: Bedard K. M. , Myrna K. E. , Diehl K. A.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate two visual aid devices in blind dogs.

Materials and Methods

Transit time and number of collisions through a maze were recorded for 12 chronically and irreversibly blind dogs. Each dog repeated the maze while fitted with a BlindSight® echolocation device, or Muffin's Halo® physical barrier. They then repeated another maze test after a 30‐day device acclimation period at home.

Results

All dogs had fewer collisions when wearing the halo device versus their baseline with no device. Dogs ≤11.8 kg had fewer collisions when acclimated to the halo versus their baseline with no device or when acclimated to the BlindSight®. For dogs >11.8 kg, maze completion time was faster when acclimated to the BlindSight® versus their baseline with no device or when acclimated to a halo. Owner surveys indicated no noticeable improvement in quality of life or dog navigation at home with either device.

Clinical Significance

This study demonstrates the utility of commercially available visual aid devices in aiding blind dogs' navigation and may help veterinarians make recommendations to owners of blind dogs regarding the purchase of these devices.
Diaphragmotomy to aid exposure during hepatobiliary surgery: a multi‐centre retrospective review of 31 dogs
Authors: Dean B. , Anderson T. , Garcia‐Pertierra S. , Jenkins G. , Cantatore M. , Craig A. , Harris K. , Ryan T.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To report surgical technique, intra‐ and post‐operative complications, and short‐ and long‐term outcome following canine hepatobiliary surgery in which exposure of intra‐abdominal hepatobiliary lesions was aided by diaphragmotomy.

Materials and Methods

Clinical records from four multi‐disciplinary UK‐based small animal referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed for dogs in which diaphragmotomy was performed between January 2014 and May 2019. Signalment, diagnosis, surgery performed, diaphragmotomy technique, management of diaphragmotomy and pneumothorax, intra‐ and post‐operative complications, short‐term outcome and long‐term outcome were recorded.

Results

Thirty‐one cases were identified. The most common hepatobiliary surgeries performed alongside diaphragmotomy were single hepatic lobectomy (14/31) and cholecystectomy (11/31). The most common diagnoses were hepatocellular carcinoma (10/31), gall bladder mucocoele (7/31) and hepatic nodular hyperplasia (4/31). Peri‐operative mortality rate was 9.7% (3/31 cases) though none of these deaths were considered attributable to diaphragmotomy. Post‐operative complications were encountered in 67.9% (19/28) cases that survived the peri‐operative period, of which 25.0% (7/28) suffered complications that were considered attributable or likely attributable to diaphragmotomy. These seven complications resolved following non‐surgical intervention. Follow‐up was available for 26 of 28 patients that survived to discharge at a median of 4‐months (range 10 days to 24 months) following surgery and revealed no evidence of complications related to diaphragmotomy.

Clinical Significance

Diaphragmotomy appears safe and increases abdominal exposure of hepatobiliary lesions. The benefit of improved exposure must be carefully weighed up against the risks inherent in inducing pneumothorax.
Toward a physiological explanation of juvenile growth curves
Authors: Sibly R. M. , Brown J. H.
Published: February 2020

Juvenile growth curves are generally sigmoid in shape: Growth is initially nearly exponential, but it slows to near zero as the animal approaches maturity. The drop‐off in growth rate is puzzling because, everything else being equal, selection favors growing as fast as possible. Existing theory posits sublinear scaling of resource acquisition with juvenile body mass and linear scaling of the requirement for maintenance, so the difference, fuel for growth, decreases as the juvenile increases in size. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that maintenance metabolism increases sublinearly not linearly with size. Here, we develop a new theory consistent with the experimental evidence. Our theory is based on the plausible assumption that there is a trade‐off in the capacity of capillaries to supply growing and developed cells. As the proportion of non‐growing cells increases, they take up more macromolecules from the capillaries, leaving fewer to support growing cells. The predicted growth curves are realistic and similar to those of previous models (Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic) but have the advantage of being derived from a plausible physiological model. We hope that our focus on resource delivery in capillaries will encourage new experimental work to identify the detailed physiological basis of the trade‐off underlying juvenile growth curves.
Recent developments in the field of vascular liver diseases
Authors: Valla Dominique C.
Published: February 2020

Knowledge in the field of vascular liver disease is continuously expanding. The present update will discuss recent data on i) the Abernethy malformation in adults; ii) portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis; iii) advancing expertise in recanalization of the portal vein and iv) experience in using direct oral anticoagulants in the field of vascular liver disease.
Imaging of liver tumours: What’s new?
Authors: Vilgrain Valérie , Raynaud Lucas , Paulatto Luisa , Ronot Maxime
Published: February 2020

Liver tumours are very common and malignant tumours represent a major cause of cancer‐related death. Imaging plays an important role at many different stages of the care pathway. This review discusses new aspects and new roles for imaging and for MRI, in particular. MRI is already the best tool for the characterization and staging of benign and malignant liver tumours and it could also become a useful screening tool, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver imaging will be increasingly quantitative in the future, integrating new approaches such as those of artificial intelligence.
Hepatitis B: Who to treat? A critical review of international guidelines
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Lim Seng Gee
Published: February 2020

Chronic hepatitis B remains a global problem, affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide. Around one‐fifth of infected individuals develop advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines as well as the 2016 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines are based on robust data and relied on multiple external systematic reviews to answer identified questions. In contrast, the latest guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and AASLD (2018 version) were developed by consensus of expert panels. Treatment is generally recommended for individuals at a high risk of disease progression, namely those with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, active viral replication and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although guidelines generally agree on treatment indications for special populations, current guidelines do not factor in clinically relevant factors such as age, gender and genotype into the treatment decision process. There is an unmet need for a better predictive model to select high‐risk individuals, thus, more high‐quality studies are needed.
The future of autoimmune liver diseases – Understanding pathogenesis and improving morbidity and mortality
Authors: Engel Bastian , Taubert Richard , Jaeckel Elmar , Manns Michael P.
Published: February 2020

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are rare diseases. These days, patients with PBC almost never require liver transplantation. When treated early with ursodeoxycholic acid patients have a normal life expectancy if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage and the patients respond to treatment. Patients with AIH often go into remission with first‐line therapy including corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine. Nevertheless, about one quarter of patients already developed cirrhosis at diagnosis. Those who do not respond to first line standard of care (SOC) have significant liver‐related morbidity and mortality. No approved second‐ or third‐line treatments are available and the drugs are selected based on limited case series and personal experience. Larger trials are needed to develop efficient therapies for difficult‐to‐treat AIH patients. No treatment has been found to alter the natural course of disease in patients with PSC except for liver transplantation. Identifying PSC patients at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is another unmet need. Current research in all AILD including AIH, PBC and PSC, focuses on improving our understanding of the underlying disease process and identifying new therapeutic targets to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Peer simulation: More questions than answers
Authors: Sharma Malika
Published: February 2020

Having peers simulate patient cases may have educational value, but how do we do so in a way that is thoughtful and equitable? Sharma asks such critical questions for curriculum developers.
Expanding medical expertise: The role of healer
Authors: Nimmon Laura
Published: February 2020

When is curing not sufficient for caring? In this commentary, Nimmon highlights how current models of training can prioritize procedural and diagnostic activities at the expense of supporting healing.
Outcome and characteristics of invasive fungal infections in critically ill burn patients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Maurel Véronique , Denis Blandine , Camby Matthieu , Jeanne Mathieu , Cornesse Aline , Glavnik Boris , Alanio Alexandre , Rousseau Anne‐Françoise , Lefloch Ronan , Lagrange‐Xelot Marie , Textoris Julien , Wiramus Sandrine , de Tymowski Christian , Legrand Matthieu
Published: February 2020

Background

Characteristics and outcome of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in critically ill burn patients have been poorly explored.

Objectives

We report the factors associated with 90‐day mortality in a multicentre retrospective European study.

Patients/Methods

All burn patients with confirmed IFI admitted between 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 in 10 centres in France and Belgium were included.

Results

Ninety‐four patients were enrolled with 110 cases of IFIs: 79 (71.8%) were yeasts IFI and 31 (28.2%) filamentous IFI. Incidence was 1% among admitted patients. The 90‐day mortality was 37.2% for all IFIs combined, 52% for filamentous infection and 31.9% for yeast infection. Patients with more than one IFI had a higher 90‐day mortality than patients with only one episode (61.5% vs 33.5% (P = .006)). In multivariate analysis, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.09) P = .003), bacterial co‐infection (OR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.23‐12.01), P = .014) and use of skin allografts at the time of IFI diagnosis (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.31‐11.42), P = .021) were associated with 90‐day mortality.

Conclusions

Although rare, invasive fungal infections remain associated with poor outcome in burn patients. Bacterial co‐infection and presence of allograft were potentially modifiable factors independently associated with outcome.
Beat the stigma of primary headache disorders: Activities of JPAC and GPAC
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko
Published: February 2020

The stigma of headache disorders, particularly migraine, often increases suffering and confusion among patients and physicians, resulting in the delay in headache research and optimal headache care. It is important to de‐stigmatize headache conditions among patients, healthcare professionals, family, friends, educators, employers, policymakers, and the general public. The Japanese Headache Society initiated a project called Japan Patient Advocacy Coalition (JPAC) along with Global Patient Advocacy Coalition (GPAC) of the International Headache Society. The purpose was to create better headache care and improve the health‐related quality of life by reducing the burden of headache and the economic loss of the society. Beating the stigma of migraine may be possible by driving awareness of migraine as serious and debilitating disease and by giving appropriate education to improve management of migraine and facilitate access to therapy.
Osmotic stress inhibits leaf growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by enhancing ARF‐mediated auxin responses
Authors: Kalve Shweta , Sizani Bulelani L. , Markakis Marios Nektarios , Helsmoortel Céline , Vandeweyer Geert , Laukens Kris , Sommen Manou , Naulaerts Stefan , Vissenberg Kris , Prinsen Els , Beemster Gerrit T. S.
Published: February 2020

We investigated the interaction between osmotic stress and auxin signaling in leaf growth regulation. Therefore, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on agar media supplemented with mannitol to impose osmotic stress and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin.

We performed kinematic analysis and flow‐cytometry to quantify the effects on cell division and expansion in the first leaf pair, determined the effects on auxin homeostasis and response (DR5::β‐glucuronidase), performed a next‐generation sequencing transcriptome analysis and investigated the response of auxin‐related mutants.

Mannitol inhibited cell division and expansion. NAA increased the effect of mannitol on cell division, but ameliorated its effect on expansion. In proliferating cells, NAA and mannitol increased free IAA concentrations at the cost of conjugated IAA and stimulated DR5 promotor activity. Transcriptome analysis shows a large overlap between NAA and osmotic stress‐induced changes, including upregulation of auxin synthesis, conjugation, transport and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) response genes, but downregulation of Aux/IAA response inhibitors. Consistently, arf7/19 double mutant lack the growth response to auxin and show a significantly reduced sensitivity to osmotic stress.

Our results show that osmotic stress inhibits cell division during leaf growth of A. thaliana at least partly by inducing the auxin transcriptional response.