bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution far-field sub-wavelength imaging using multiple holography
Authors: Salami Pooria , Yousefi Leila
Published: January 2021

Losing the information contained in evanescent waves scattered from an object limits the best achievable resolution in far-field optical imaging systems to about half of the wavelength. This limitation is known as the diffraction limit. In this paper, we propose a new holography-based far-field imaging technique to go beyond the diffraction limit and achieve super-resolution images. In the proposed method, after the recording process, multiple reconstruction processes with appropriate reconstruction waves are performed to extract information about sub-wavelength features of a target object encoded in the evanescent waves scattered from it. It is analytically proved that in the proposed method, by increasing the number of reconstruction steps, the resolution increases. The performance of the method is numerically validated. In numerical analysis, by performing two reconstruction steps, a resolution of 1/14 of the working wavelength is achieved. This resolution can be further improved by increasing the number of reconstruction steps.
Toward generation of mid-infrared orbital angular momentum beams by tailoring four-wave mixing in chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Gao Weiqing , Jiang Wenhui , Tong Liang , Dai Wenwen , Liu Shaoqing , Chen Wu , Zhang Zhengxiong , Ma Xiaohui , Zhou Yong , Zhang Wei , Fang Wentan , Liao Meisong
Published: January 2021

The nonlinear process of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams in
multimode fiber has attracted renewed interest due to its enhanced
intermodal nonlinear interactions. Here, we designed and simulated a
novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on

A
s

2

S
e

3

glass that supports stable OAM modes.
By optimizing the structure parameters of the fiber, both the
effective index separation and the phase-matching condition of OAM
modes were satisfied in the fiber. Mid-infrared OAM light can be
generated by intermodal four-wave mixing in the chalcogenide fiber.
The idler conversion efficiency at the 5 µm waveband and the signal
optical gain spectrum near 1.9 µm is calculated when the pump light is
around 2.8 µm. Furthermore, the crosstalk of the FWM process from the
other vector modes vanished due to the lower overlap factor compared
with the interacting OAM modes. Our work demonstrates that the vortex
beam at 5 µm could be generated, and its conversion efficiency can
reach 21.96% with appropriate optimization.
Periodic poling with a micrometer-range period in thin-film lithium niobate on insulator
Authors: Younesi Mohammadreza , Geiss Reinhard , Rajaee Shakiba , Setzpfandt Frank , Chen Yen-Hung , Pertsch Thomas
Published: January 2021

We present our experimental results on electric field poling of X-cut
thin-film lithium niobate with poling periods of 1–4 µm. We used
polarization contrast microscopy combined with digital image
processing to study the impact of the experimental parameters of the
poling process such as electric field strength, poling pulse duration,
and layout of metal electrodes on the domain growth and quality of
resulting poling patterns. High-quality results with excellent
homogeneity of the domain pattern on large areas [i.e., 16 µm along
the domain (

z

axis) and millimeter long domain
gratings along the

y

axis with a period down to 1 µm]
allow for the integration of numerous devices and structures.
Improved receiver of ICI compensation for a spectral efficient frequency division multiplexing IM/DD system
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Shuailong , Luo Fengguang , Fu Songnian , Ni Yao , Li Bin , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Deming
Published: January 2021

Spectral efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) can greatly increase the spectral efficiency for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) optical communication systems. The sphere detection algorithm (SD) is the most efficient way to get the maximum likelihood (ML) solution to solve the inter-carrier interference (ICI) induced by the bandwidth compression of SEFDM system. However, SD algorithm is restricted by the numbers of subcarriers for SEFDM system, especially for larger numbers. Therefore, a sorted Gram-Schmidt (SGS) orthogonal decomposition algorithm, which can be applied to any subcarrier numbers, is proposed to overcome this restriction. To the best of our knowledge, the searched paths of FSD are researched for the first time to balance performance and complexity. Based on the analysis, a soft-tree-width sphere detection algorithm (SSD) is proposed and demonstrated by simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the computational complexity (at least 40%) with the same system performance. The proposed algorithms are a promising candidate for flexible and efficient SEFDM systems. The SEFDM with the proposed detector is significant for the IM/DD optical systems.
Full-space metasurface holograms in the visible range
Authors: Zheng Guoxing , Zhou Nan , Deng Liangui , Li Gongfa , Tao Jin , Li Zile
Published: January 2021

Conventional metasurface holography is usually implemented in either transmission space or reflection space. Herein, we show a dielectric metasurface that can simultaneously project two independent holographic images in the transmission and reflection spaces, respectively, merely with a single-layer design approach. Specifically, two types of dielectric nanobricks in a nanostructured metasurface are employed to act as half-wave plates for geometric phase modulation. One type of nanobrick is designed to reflect most of incident circularly-polarized light into reflection space, enabled with magnetic resonance, while another type of nanobrick transmits it into transmission space, without resonance involved. By controlling the orientation angles and randomly interleaving the two types of nanobricks to form a metasurface, a full-space metasurface hologram can be established. We experimentally demonstrate this trans-reflective meta-holography by encoding the geometric phase information of two independent images into a single metasurface, and all observed holographic images agree well with our predictions. Our research expands the field-of-view of metasurface holography from half- to full-space, which can find its markets in optical sensing, image displays, optical storages and many other potential applications.
Detection of ion implantation in focused ion beam processing by scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Kaidi , Wang Wenting , Chen Yuhang
Published: January 2021

We employed scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) to explore the implantation of gallium ions in a silicon substrate after focused ion beam (FIB) etching. Different ion doses were applied, and the s-SNOM amplitude image contrast between the processed and unprocessed regions was investigated. The results demonstrate that the contrast decreases along with the increase of the ion dose. A similar dependence of the residual gallium element concentration on the ion dose is found from the energy dispersive spectroscopy. Such comparisons imply that s-SNOM imaging is sensitive to the implanted ions. The s-SNOM aided analysis of FIB etching can benefit the fabrication optimization, especially when the processed materials’ properties are of critical importance.
Plasmonic fork-shaped hologram for vortex-beam generation and separation
Authors: Zhao Airong , Pham Aline , Drezet Aurélien
Published: January 2021

We introduce a multifunctional compact device that integrates a polarization beam splitter and an orbital angular momentum generator based on a plasmonic nano-aperture assisted detour phase meta-hologram. The proposed metasurface, which combines a phase singularity characterized fork hologram and polarization featured

Λ

-shaped antenna, achieves vortex generation and spin-based vortex splitting in transmission mode. Experimental demonstrations are launched under a linearly polarized incident beam, with polarization tomography as the analysis method. We expect this work to have applications in chip-level beam shaping and high-capacity communication.
Coefficient effect of rare earth and metal ions in phosphor combined glass materials for a wide color gamut display
Authors: Dou Benle , Zhang Xin , Huang Feifei , Ma Hongping , Hua Youjie , Zhang Junjie , Xu Shiqing
Published: January 2021

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanostructures is known to affect the optical properties of solid luminescent materials. Ag nanoparticles were first used to obtain a wider color gamut in rare-earth-doped phosphor-in-glass for application as color filters for white light emitting diodes. The existence of Ag nanocrystallites at nanometer scale and the independent integrity of the phosphor luminescence center in the amorphous glass environment were demonstrated. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, the localized SPR absorption band was observed at 480 nm, and the optical properties of the nanostructures were found to be dependent on the annealing temperature. Hence, an expansion of the color gamut from 79.07% to 93.31% was realized by the coefficient effect of

N
d

3
+

active ions and Ag nanoparticles. These results suggest that

N
d

3
+

-ion-co-doped phosphor-in-glass modified by Ag nanoparticles could be potentially applied as a novel optical material with a wide color gamut.
Circular cross section waveguides processed by multi-foci-shaped femtosecond pulses
Authors: Li Ze-Zheng , Li Xiao-Yan , Yu Feng , Chen Qi-Dai , Tian Zhen-Nan , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: January 2021

We developed a simple multi-foci-shaped femtosecond pulsed (MFSFP) method for processing circular cross section waveguides in transparent materials. With this flexible processing method, the focus energy distribution can be designed freely and arbitrarily, and single-mode waveguides with cross section circularity better than 96.0% were achieved. The mode shape difference (1.93%) of circular waveguides is smaller than the difference (7.01%) of normal elliptical waveguides. The coupling abilities of the two kinds of waveguides were investigated with three-dimensional (3D) directional couplers in both experiments and theoretical simulations. The coupling coefficient difference of circular waveguides in vertical and horizontal coupling directions was

∼

0.01

m
m

−
1

, which was smaller than

0.33

m
m

−
1

of normal waveguides. The circular symmetric waveguides will play an important role in large-scale high-intensity 3D photonic integrated circuits.
Feasibility study on recycled vegetable oil waste and recycled polyethylene for the modification of aged asphalt
Authors: Ye Xiangqian , Zou Xiaoling , Tian Fafu , He Honglin
Published: January 2021

The application of reclaimed asphalt pavement has been widely encouraged due to its significant economic and environmental benefits. However, it is necessary to add rejuvenators to ensure its performance. Currently, bio-oil-based regenerants have attracted attention owing to their advantages of renewability and cost savings. The purpose of this paper is to study the use of recycled vegetable oil waste (R-oil) and recycled polyethylene particles for the regeneration and modification of aged asphalt. Physical, rheological, and chemical tests were used to figure out their influence on the pavement performance of aged asphalt. According to the physical test indices (penetration, softening point, and ductility), the performance of the rejuvenated asphalt was better than that of virgin asphalt. The workability and low-temperature performance of the rejuvenated asphalt were basically the same as those of virgin asphalt, and its fatigue and high-temperature performance were better. Infrared spectroscopy showed that R-oil diluted the high-polarity sulfoxide base of aged asphalt. Gel permeation chromatography showed that its molecular weight dispersion was better than that of aged asphalt. Therefore, R-oil and polyethylene can improve the pavement performance and chemical properties of aged asphalt.
Development of Glycerol-Rose Bengal-Polidocanol (GRP) foam for enhanced sclerosis of a cyst for cystic diseases
Authors: Jeong Soohyun , Kim Sujin , Choi Youngjoo , Jung Han Na , Lee Kangwon , Park Min Hee
Published: January 2021

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder that results in a proliferating and enlarging cyst and ultimately leads to loss of kidney function. Because an enlarged cyst is a primary factor for limited kidney function, the large cyst is surgically removed by laparoscopic deroofing or sclerosant. This a relatively nascent treatment method entails complications and sometimes fail due to the cyst fluid refilling and infection. This study proposes using a more stable and effective polidocanol foam with glycerol and Rose Bengal (GRP form) to prevent cyst regeneration and irritation, which is caused by the required body movement during the treatment. Specifically, the foam retention time and viscosity were increased by adding glycerol up to 10% (w/v). The GRP form inhibited cellular proliferation and disrupted cellular junctions, e-cadherin, and cyst formation, demonstrated by the LDH, Live and Dead, and re-plating culture assays. The GRP foam was shown to be a safe and effective treatment as a commercial grade polidocanol foam form by anin vivostudy in which subcutaneously injected mice injected with commercial 3% polidocanol, and the GRP foam showed no difference in inflammation. Thus, this study provides an advanced polidocanol form by adding glycerol and Rose-Bengal to help existing sclerotherapy.
Embodied working memory during ongoing input streams
Authors: Berberian Nareg , Ross Matt , Chartier Sylvain
Published: January 2021

Sensory stimuli endow animals with the ability to generate an internal representation. This representation can be maintained for a certain duration in the absence of previously elicited inputs. The reliance on an internal representation rather than purely on the basis of external stimuli is a hallmark feature of higher-order functions such as working memory. Patterns of neural activity produced in response to sensory inputs can continue long after the disappearance of previous inputs. Experimental and theoretical studies have largely invested in understanding how animals faithfully maintain sensory representations during ongoing reverberations of neural activity. However, these studies have focused on preassigned protocols of stimulus presentation, leaving out by default the possibility of exploring how the content of working memory interacts with ongoing input streams. Here, we study working memory using a network of spiking neurons with dynamic synapses subject to short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity. The formal model is embodied in a physical robot as a companion approach under which neuronal activity is directly linked to motor output. The artificial agent is used as a methodological tool for studying the formation of working memory capacity. To this end, we devise a keyboard listening framework to delineate the context under which working memory content is (1) refined, (2) overwritten or (3) resisted by ongoing new input streams. Ultimately, this study takes a neurorobotic perspective to resurface the long-standing implication of working memory in flexible cognition.
Propagation of viral bioaerosols indoors
Authors: Kudryashova Olga B. , Muravlev Evgeny V. , Antonnikova Aleksandra A. , Titov Sergey S.
Published: January 2021

Here we look into the spread of aerosols indoors that may potentially carry viruses. Many viruses, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, are known to spread via airborne and air-dust pathways. From the literature data and our research on the propagation of fine aerosols, we simulate herein the carryover of viral aerosols in indoor air. We demonstrate that a lot of fine droplets released from an infected person’s coughing, sneezing, or talking propagate very fast and for large distances indoors, as well as bend around obstacles, lift up and down over staircases, and so on. This study suggests equations to evaluate the concentration of those droplets, depending on time and distance from the source of infection. Estimates are given for the safe distance to the source of infection, and available methods for neutralizing viral aerosols indoors are considered.
Appropriateness and affordability of prescriptions to diabetic patients attending a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Obakiro Samuel Baker , Kiyimba Kenedy , Napyo Agnes , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Mayoka Wilberforce John , Nnassozi Aishah Ggalabuzi , Aguti Beatrice , Akech Gabriel Madut , Waako John Paul
Published: January 2021

Background

Irrational prescription of drugs can lead to high cost of treatment thus limiting access to essential medicines. We assessed the affordability and appropriateness of prescriptions written for diabetic patients in Eastern Uganda.

Methods

We collected secondary data from the health management information system registers of patients who attended the outpatient medical clinic at Mbale regional referral hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. The average cost of the prescriptions was calculated and adjusted odds ratios for predictors for unaffordability estimated using logistic regression. Computed scores for indicators of rational drug prescription were used to assess the extent of rational prescribing.

Results

The median cost per prescription was USD 11.34 (IQR 8.1, 20.2). Majority of the diabetic patients (n = 2462; 94.3%, 95% CI: 93.3–95.1%) could not afford the prescribed drugs. Predictors for unaffordability were if a prescription contained: ≥ 4 medicines (AOR = 12.45; 95% CI: 3.9–39.7); an injectable (AOR = 5.47; 95%CI: 1.47–20.32) and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with other comorbidities (AOR = 3.36; 95%CI: 1.95–5.78). Having no antidiabetic drug prescribed was protective for non-affordability (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.24–0.61). The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.8. The percentage prescription of drugs by generic name and from the essential medicine and health supplies list of Uganda were (6160/7461; 82.6%, 96% CI: 81.7%-83.4%) and (6092/7461; 81.7%, 95% CI: 80.8%-82.5%) respectively against WHO standard of 100%.

Conclusion

The majority of diabetic patients (94.3%) in Eastern Uganda cannot afford to buy prescribed medicines. The government should therefore ensure that essential medicines are readily accessible in public health facilities.
Animate Earth, Settler Ruins: Mound Landscapes and Decolonial Futures in the Native South
Authors: Bloch Leigh
Published: January 2021

This article theorizes the uneven entanglements between settler processes of ruination, a dynamic structured by regimes of history/prehistory, life/death, and life/nonlife, and “mound power,” or the force relations exercised by Indigenous landscapes as animate beings in their own right. I draw on research with members of a community in the U.S. South who claim Muskogee ancestry, visiting ancestral mound or earthwork and shellwork sites built over the past six thousand years. Wounded by ongoing colonial violence, these landscapes call out to descendants, drawing them into ancestral movements and relations of care. In these moments, ancestral sites refuse to be fixed within terminal chronological periods removed from a settled present, enrolling descendants into Indigenous space-times that dramatically exceed colonial timescales and temporalities. Drawing on this deep historical perspective, this article articulates a modest hope for the ways Indigenous landscapes, as agentive beings, animate decolonial possibilities for life in the ruins of colonial empires.
Podstawowe zagadnienia polskiej pedagogiki społecznej u progu procesu dyscyplinaryzacji
Authors: Żukiewicz Arkadiusz
Published: January 2021

The article presents the basic issues of social pedagogy presented by Helena Radlińska in 1908 during a meeting at the Krakow Circle of Teachers of Higher Schools in Krakow. In her talk, she presented issues of education and social development in a wider historical background. She made reference to international and national experiences. In the conclusion of her speech, she called for the dissemination and socialization of upbringing and social assistance for the poorest social groups.
IS BENFORD’S LAW EFFECTIVE IN FRAUD DETECTION FOR EXPENSE CYCLE?
Authors: ERGİN Emre , ERTURAN İlkay Ejder
Published: January 2021

Despite measures taken by firms to prevent fraud, it has been found in recent studies that losses derived
from fraudulent activities are increasing on a global basis. International standards on auditing do not define
which analytical approaches and technological tools to be used in performing audit. Decisions are left
on the auditor’s judgment. Auditors try to use digital techniques to deal with mass data sets generated
by firms. Academic research may mislead practitioners as controversial outcomes exist in literature
concerning empirical research. Benford’s Law (BL) is one of the methods used frequently in digital analysis.
Although some researchers defend the use of BL in audit, especially in fraud detection, this paper disputes
its effectiveness for expense cycle. Different firm’s data are tested to conclude that the use of BL is not
appropriate for expense items. The reasons of this deficiency are explained in this paper.
HR reflexiók a pandémiás helyzetkezelés tükrében – Az első hullám tanulságai
Authors: Szederkényi Éva , Kiss-Márton Adrienn , Ambrus Nóra
Published: January 2021

A COVID-19 elterjedésével nemzetközi és nemzeti szinten is nagy kihívások elé néz a HR szakma. Ezek közül elsősorban a hazai válságmenedzsmenti vizsgálatokat tesszük a középpontba, mert perceken belül kell reagálni az új rendeletekre, rendelkezésekre, különösen az első, tavaszi hullámban. Kvalitatív vizsgálatunk célja a szóbeli kikérdezés módszerével megállapítani, hogy mennyire voltak felkészülve a szervezetek a válságkezelésre mikro- és makromendzsmenti szinten. A mintavétel 2020. március végén, a Covid-19 világjárvány első hullámának csúcsán készült. Hipotéziseink szerint feltételezzük, hogy a vészhelyzetek új megoldási fordulatokat hoznak a szervezetek HR eljárásaiban, valamint a HR tanácsadói szakmának holisztikus látásmódja pozitív szemléletet hozott. Harmadik hipotézisünk alapján a home office bevezetése, és ezáltal a digitális kommunikáció növelte a munkavállalói hatékonyságot, végül megvizsgáltuk, hogy a home office bevezetése, és ezáltal a digitális kommunikáció növelte a munkavállalói szervezeti tanulásban való részvételt. A dolgozat első részében nyolc – a munkáltatói piac több szegmenséből érkező –szakemberrel készült interjút elemzünk, a tanulmány második részében esettanulmánnyal kiegészítve egy dél-dunántúli stratégiai vállalat pandémiás helyzetkezelését mutatjuk be.
Neuron-Specific FMRP Roles in Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Olfactory Brain Innervation during an Early-Life Critical Period
Authors: Golovin Randall M. , Vest Jacob , Broadie Kendal
Published: January 2021

Critical periods are developmental windows during which neural circuits effectively adapt to the new sensory environment. Animal models of fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common monogenic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), exhibit profound impairments of sensory experience-driven critical periods. However, it is not known whether the causative fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) acts uniformly across neurons, or instead manifests neuron-specific functions. Here, we use the genetically-tractableDrosophilabrain antennal lobe (AL) olfactory circuit of both sexes to investigate neuron-specific FMRP roles in the odorant experience-dependent remodeling of the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) innervation during an early-life critical period. We find targeted OSN class-specific FMRP RNAi impairs innervation remodeling within AL synaptic glomeruli, whereas globaldfmr1null mutants display relatively normal odorant-driven refinement. We find both OSN cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous FMRP functions mediate odorant experience-dependent remodeling, with AL circuit FMRP imbalance causing defects in overall glomerulus innervation refinement. We find OSN class-specific FMRP levels bidirectionally regulate critical period remodeling, with odorant experience selectively controlling OSN synaptic terminals in AL glomeruli. We find OSN class-specific FMRP loss impairs critical period remodeling by disrupting responses to lateral modulation from other odorant-responsive OSNs mediating overall AL gain control. We find that silencing glutamatergic AL interneurons reduces OSN remodeling, while conversely, interfering with the OSN class-specific GABAAsignaling enhances remodeling. These findings reveal control of OSN synaptic remodeling by FMRP with neuron-specific circuit functions, and indicate how neural circuitry can compensate for global FMRP loss to reinstate normal critical period brain circuit remodeling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), manifests severe neurodevelopmental delays. Likewise, FXS disease models display disrupted neurodevelopmental critical periods. In the well-mappedDrosophilaolfactory circuit model, perturbing the causative fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) within a single olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) class impairs odorant-dependent remodeling during an early-life critical period. Importantly, this impairment requires activation of other OSNs, and the olfactory circuit can compensate when FMRP is removed from all OSNs. Understanding the neuron-specific FMRP requirements within a developing neural circuit, as well as the FMRP loss compensation mechanisms, should help us engineer FXS treatments. This work suggests FXS treatments could use homeostatic mechanisms to alleviate circuit-level deficits.
Ensino remoto e orientação de TCC em tempos de COVID-19: desafios da formação humanizada do educador amazônida
Authors: Brasileiro Tania , Neves Joana d’Arc de Vasconcelos , Silva Ana Lúcia Maia da , Calixto Hector
Published: January 2021

O texto objetiva refletir os desafios que discentes vem enfrentando para finalizar os TCC[1] na pandemia do COVID-19, no âmbito dos Cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Campus Santarém e da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Bragança/PA, e do Curso de Educação do Campo da UFPA, Campus Altamira/PA. Na questão central buscou-se responder: Que fatores podem ter influenciado para uma relação de orientação humanizada em tempos de pandemia, com vistas a garantir a qualidade do processo de construção, produção e defesa dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) nos cursos pesquisados? A delimitação do objeto de estudo – o ensino remoto e o TCC, se justifica pelo TCC se tratar de uma atividade de extrema relevância para a formação docente, e um momento privilegiado de conhecimento e imersão à realidade educacional. São trabalhos que pautam a valorização e respeito às diferenças e à diversidade sociocultural dos próprios alunos e da educação escolar e não escolar em suas territorialidades amazônicas (citadinos, ribeirinhos, costeiros, quilombolas, indígenas, populações do campo), fomentando reflexões de realidades, de teorias e produções de conhecimentos em processos de interações entre orientador e orientando e que em contexto de pandemia suscita outras práticas, como o ensino remoto. A pesquisa amparou-se na abordagem quantiqualitativa, em que para a coleta dos dados foi disponibilizado questionário eletrônico para discentes dos cursos de formação do educador da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - Campus Santarém e da Universidade Federal do Pará - Campi Bragança e Altamira. Destacam-se como os principais desafios: a (in)acessibilidade da internet nos municípios/ comunidades envolvidas; desconhecimento de estratégias de pesquisa empírica nas redes sociais; e, estranhamento em utilizar o espaço digital para orientações e defesas de TCC; manutenção de temáticas, porém, mudanças no foco de estudo. Neste contexto, revela-se ainda que a relação professor-aluno foi flexível e humanizada, envolvendo processos de aprendizagens que estão para além dos trabalhos de conclusão entregues aos cursos de Pedagogia e Educação do Campo, nos respectivos IFES/Campus.
Psycho-emotional state of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University, Boychuk O.G. , Kolomiichenko T.V. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ebae N.E.N. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University
Published: January 2021

We can assume a deterioration in the psychoemotional state and a decrease in the quality of life in women after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), but no scientific information was found on this issue. The objective: to assess the psychoemotional state of pregnant women with ICP after using ART. Materials and methods. We examined 40 pregnant women after ART with the manifestations of ICP (main group) and 40 – without the manifestations of ICP (comparison group). The presence of vegetative dysfunction syndrome was assessed (according to A.M. Wayne); quality of sleep, especially falling asleep and waking up (A.M. Vein, Yu.I. Levin); anxiety level using the test Spielberg in the modification by Hanin, the presence and severity of depression on the Beck scale; quality of life according to the questionnaire SF-36. The data were processed by methods of variation statistics. Results. In pregnant women after ART with ICP, the total number of points on the A.M. Vein questionnaire is 3.5 times higher than the threshold value of 15 points (median 52 [45, 60] points versus 36 [28; 45] points in the absence of ICP, p<0.05). 80.0% of these women reported sleep disorders. The incidence of significant sleep quality disturbances is 37.5%. Patients demonstrate a higher median level of both personal and situational anxiety. Manifestations of depression were noted in 55.0% patients against 27.5% in the comparison group (p<0.05). Women with ICP have lower ratings for their quality of life, both on physical and psychological health scales. The decrease in the integral indicator of physical health (70 [58; 89] versus 84 [75; 92], p<0.05) is a reflection of the physical discomfort associated with ICP. Conclusions. After using ART, women with ICP need to assess the vegetative and psychoemotional state, correct the revealed disorders to normalize the quality of life, and achieve positive perinatal outcomes. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, vegetative dysfunction syndrome, anxiety, depression, quality of life.
On the possibility of targeted prophylaxis of calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications at the preclinical stage
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Didenkul N.V.
Published: January 2021

According to recent studies, in the vitamin D deficiency state (VDD), pregnancy can be complicated and the optimal level of VD in the blood is one of the conditions for the realization of reproductive potential. The objective: the possibility to preventing calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications by the correcting VD deficiency at the preconception period. Materials and methods. 57 women with VDD were examined. A history of all women had a pregnancy complicated by placental dysfunction (PD); 27 of them were observed from the preconception period (main group – IA) and 30 – from the 1st trimester of pregnancy (comparison group – IB). The VD status by the blood level of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D by ELISA was determined. Women of both groups, in addition to the vitamin-mineral complex (VMC) were prescribed supplementation colecalciferol at a dose of 4.000 IU per day. Pregnant women of both groups received VMCs up to 16 weeks. After optimizing the level (3–4 months), women continued to take VD at a dose of 2.000 IU per day throughout pregnancy. Results. At the initial study, the VD level was 15.72±2.59 ng/ml in ІА and 16.1±1.99 ng/ml in ІВ group (U=883; p>0.05); after treatment increased to 38.31±3.29 ng/ml and 36.13±2.99 ng/ml (U=900; p>0.05). In group IA, the course of pregnancy was characterized by a lower frequency of complications: PD was diagnosed in 22.2% in group IA and 50% in group IB (F=0.0001; p<0.01); fetal distress in 3.7% and 10% (F=0.16; p<0.05): signs of amnionitis – in 18.5% and 33.3% (F=0.035; p<0.05); placental hypertrophy or hypotrophy – in 7.4% and 36.7% (F=0.00001; p<0.01), preeclampsia in 3.7% and 6.7% of women (F=0,54; p<0.05). The frequency of cesarean section in the comparison group was significantly higher (40% VS 25.9%, F=0.034; p<0.05). Conclusions. During pregnancy, which occurred in conditions of VDD, the frequency of some pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, the threat of miscarriage, placental dysfunction was in 2–4 times higher than in women with optimized VD status. One of the directions of the individual management plan for women with a negative obstetric history can be the determination of the level of VD in the blood and correction of the VDD at the preconception period. This approach is a pathogenetically substantiated and promising direction for the prevention of some pregnancy complications and improvement of perinatal outcomes. Keywords: pregnancy, deficiency vitamin D, placental dysfunction, preconception period.
Preeclampy prevention issues in women with obesity
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Posokhova S.P. , Nikolaeva S.V. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Nitoсhko K.O. ,   Odessa National Medical University
Published: January 2021

The objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity using L-arginine during pregnancy Materials and methods. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 38 obese women (1st century – 15th, 2nd century – 12th, 3rd century – 11), who were prescribed complex prevention of preeclampsia: from 12 weeks of pregnancy 150 mg of aspirin once a day, and from 16 weeks the solution L-arginine (Тivortin aspartate) 5 ml (1 g) 4 times a day for 2 months. The comparison group included 30 pregnant women with obesity of the II-III stage who did not receive preventive treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. By the beginning of prophylactic treatment and in the dynamics of all obese pregnant women, the level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), arginine and leptin was determined in blood serum. Results. In pregnant women with obesity, already in the first trimester a significantly higher level of leptin is observed compared to the main group and the level of placental growth factor is significantly lower, which are significant triggers for the development of preeclampsia and other gestational complications. After the prophylactic treatment of pregnant women of the main group with L-arginine for 2 months (at 16–24 weeks), the following trends were observed: the level of L-arginine did not change, was constant. Leptin levels differed depending on the degree of obesity, but did not have a high critical value. A positive trend was the growth of placental growth factor in women of the main group, which indicated normal placentation and the prevention of early preeclampsia. Conclusions. Thus, in pregnant women of the main group, after comprehensive prevention of the development of preeclampsia with aspirin and L-arginine (Тivortin) for 2 months, the incidence of severe severe preeclampsia decreased by 4.4 times, which is a favorable factor in maintaining a woman’s health and reducing perinatal losses. Additional L-arginine in the diet reduced the frequency of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity, contributing to vasodilation due to increased production of nitric oxide, may be one of the positive factors of pathogenetic treatment. Keywords: pregnancy, obesity, preeclampsia, leptin, nitric oxide, L-arginine.
Psychological and physical training of family for birth: historical aspect and modern trends
Authors:   Zaporizhia State Medical University, Siusiuka V.G. , Voloshyna I.M. ,   Zaporizhia State Medical University
Published: January 2021

The article describes both historical aspects and modern approaches towards psychological and physical training of family for birth and also principles of management of normal birth and conditions of its providing in obstetric hospital. There is emphasized importance of attendance “School of family training for birth” by woman and her partner that permits to work out theoretical and practical skills of behavior during pregnancy, labour and postpartum period. Besides it is very important to teach the partner drug-free anaesthesis, who should not only be present in birthing room but be directly involved in labour. Also attention is paid to problems associated with training of family for birth when doctors are not sufficiently informed about psychological features of reproductive sphere, its psychosomatic nature and also forms and possibilities of psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance. Keywords: pregnancy, normal birth, training of family for birth, delivery with partner, drug-free anaesthesis.
The Bilingual Advantage
Authors: Althobaiti Huda Qalil , Sanoudaki Eirini , Kotzoglou George
Published: January 2021

A finding that has not received much attention in the metalinguistic awareness literature is that bilingual children may be better at identifying gender mismatches between a subject and a predicate. This phenomenon is not well understood, nor has it been studied systematically. In the present study we present a systematic investigation of the phenomenon involving all three levels of metalinguistic awareness (identification of the mismatch, correction and explanation) in a language pair that has not been tested previously. We tested a group of six-year-old Arabic–English bilingual children in comparison with two monolingual control groups. Results reveal that bilinguals performed better than monolinguals at the correction level. The study reveals a bilingual advantage in this population for the first time, while enhancing our knowledge of the development of metalinguistic awareness.
Exploring the Stability of Second Language Speech Ratings through Task Practice in Bilinguals’ Two Languages
Authors: Taylor Reid Kym , Grantham O'Brien Mary , Trofimovich Pavel , Tsunemoto Aki
Published: January 2021

This study examined the stability of second language (L2) speech ratings as a function of bilingual raters engaging in perspective taking through practice of the target speaking task. Thirty English-dominant English–French bilinguals evaluated narratives from 40 French speakers of L2 English for segmental errors, intonation, and flow. Before providing the ratings, 20 raters practiced the task in their more or less dominant language (10 per group), while 10 baseline raters performed no practice. Whereas the English practice enhanced raters’ evaluations for two of the three dimensions relative to baseline raters’ assessments, the French practice did not impact rating stability.
The acquisition of verbal tense and aspect in Maltese by adult migrants
Authors: Grima Antoinette Camilleri , Żammit Jacqueline
Published: January 2021

This article considers the relevance of second language acquisition research for the development of pedagogical grammar. As an example it looks at the acquisition of verbal tense and aspect by intermediate-to-advanced level learners of Maltese, and more specifically the extent to which the perfett and imperfett verb forms are used by the learners when compared with L1 users of Maltese. Sixteen adult migrant learners, and 15 L1 Maltese users, took part in the study. All but one of the 16 migrant learners knew at least two other languages. Two of the participants had Arabic as their L1, and three others had learned Arabic as an L2, while the remaining learners spoke a variety of first languages. On a picture interpretation task, L1 speakers of Arabic performed very much like Maltese L1 speakers, predominantly using the perfett, perfective aspect in the past. All the other migrant learners, including those who had learned Arabic well as an L2, used the imperfett, imperfective/unrestricted habitual aspect. This evidence has important implications for the formulation of pedagogical grammar for foreign learners of Maltese. It also sheds light on the relevance of language typology in foreign language acquisition.
Stereotyping language choice in times of conflict
Authors: Zvyeryeva Olga , Backus Ad
Published: January 2021

The article studies the impact language attitudes have on the stereotyping of speakers in a context of ethnic conflict. We investigate the collision between the public and private language identities of Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking citizens in Ukraine. Empirically based on a public discussion on the relationship between language and patriotism in online newspapers and on Facebook, the article explores the perceived links between linguistic choices and individual, regional and national identities. The study analyses the core identity components attributed to and claimed by Ukrainian-and Russian-speaking participants inthe debate, along two axes: political vs personal language choice and national vs regional identity. Focusing on discourse about language choice, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how in conflict situations language can be conceptualised as reflecting a fundamental component of sociopolitical identity claims, which in the case of Ukraine has repercussions about who is seen as belonging to the nation.
Plurilingual education and pedagogical plurilanguaging in an elementary school in Japan
Authors: Moore Danièle , Oyama Mayo , Pearce Daniel Roy , Kitano Yuki
Published: January 2021

In this article, we examine a plurilingual practice in Japan – a country traditionally described as being extremely monolingual. The contribution explores innovative teaching that disrupts monolingual ideologies and how we view TESOL practice. The context of the study is a public elementary school situated in western Japan. We follow the classes of one teacher to discuss her use of pedagogical plurilanguaging as intentional instructional strategies that integrate several languages and cultural viewpoints to support the development of language and content learning, plurilingual awareness and multiperspectivity. We explain how we think it echoes with, and differs from, the concept of translanguaging. Data sources include audio and video recordings of classroom interactions, visual documentation, researchers’ field-notes, teachers’ and learners’ reflective journaling, as well as learners’ productions. The study has implications for teacher training and curriculum design and resituates the teaching of English as a world language in a more complex and multifaceted way.
To promote or inhibit glioma progression, that is the question for IL-33
Authors: Robbins Stephen M. , Senger Donna L.
Published: January 2021

IL-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family has been shown to play a dual role within the body. First IL-33, similar to other IL-1 family members, is a secreted cytokine that binds to the cell surface receptor ST2 to induce a number of cell signaling pathways. Second, IL-33 enters the nucleus where it binds chromatin and directs transcriptional control of an array of growth factors and cytokines. Consistent with its complex cellular regulation, IL-33 mediates an array of biological functions by acting on a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells. Recently, we found that IL-33 is expressed in a large number of human glioma patient specimens where its expression within the tumor correlates with the increased presence of Iba+ cells that include both resident microglia and recruited monocyte and macrophages. Strikingly, glioma derived expression of IL-33 correlates with a dramatic decrease in overall survival of tumor-bearing animals and thus supports its role as an influential factor in gliomagenesis. Notably however, when the nuclear localization function of IL-33 is crippled, the tumor microenvironment is programmed to be anti-tumorigenic and results in prolonged overall survival suggesting that when educated appropriately this could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma (De Boeck et al. (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18569-4).
Characterization tests for predicting the mechanical performance of SFRC floors: identification of fibre distribution and orientation effects
Authors: Martinelli Paolo , Colombo Matteo , Pujadas Pablo , de la Fuente Albert , Cavalaro Sergio , di Prisco Marco
Published: January 2021

In the context of the evaluation of the load-bearing capacity of a steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) elevated slab recently built in northern Italy, this paper presents the study addressing the effects of fibre distribution and orientation. An extensive experimental programme was carried out in a collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. The programme included mechanical tests on four shallow beams and six notched standard beams. Additionally, uniaxial tensile tests (UTTs), double edge wedge splitting tests (DEWSTs) and double punching tests (DPTs) on 192 drilled core samples extracted from the shallow beams were performed. Inductive tests, measuring the self-induction change that occurs when a SFRC sample is placed inside a coil, were performed on all samples subjected to DPTs to assess fibre distribution. This paper compares direct and indirect tensile tests for the definition of the FRC post-cracking constitutive law, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of each test type. A comparison between standard and non-standard mechanical tests is also presented. Mechanical and non-destructive tests on drilled core samples extracted in different directions and at different locations have allowed the evaluation of the effects of fibre distribution and fibre orientation which provide an estimation of the possibility of using these tests as simplified tests for production control.
EEG education in neurology residency: background knowledge and focal challenges
Authors: Nascimento Fábio A. , Maheshwari Atul , Chu Jennifer , Gavvala Jay R.
Published: January 2021

Aims. To assess the baseline EEG knowledge among adult neurology residents at our institution and their perspectives on EEG learning experience during residency.

Methods. We evaluated baseline EEG knowledge and resident perception of EEG education utilizing an EEG quiz and an online EEG survey, respectively. The EEG quiz was divided in two parts, composed of normal (n=27) and abnormal (n=10) EEG examples. The EEG survey focused on the importance of EEG, EEG milestones and EEG education.

Results. Twenty‐one residents completed the EEG quiz; all 21 completed the normal EEG part whereas 19 of these 21 completed the abnormal EEG part. The overall score (mean±SEM) was 42±4.5% for the normal EEG part and 44±5.5% for the abnormal EEG part. The EEG survey was completed by 28 residents. Forty‐three percent of the respondents reported not being able to read EEGs even with supervision. The most commonly reported education barriers were insufficient exposure, insufficient responsibility to read EEGs, and inability to link EEG learning to direct patient care.

Conclusion. On average, adult neurology residents were able to correctly identify less than half of normal and abnormal EEG findings. Almost half of residents reported not being able to read EEGs even with supervision.
Indicadores para análise das narrativas jornalísticas sobre desastres: em busca de invisibilidades e saliências
Authors: AMARAL Márcia , ASCENCIO Carlos ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos España, CRISTOBAL Esther ,   Universidad de Cadiz España
Published: January 2021

O artigo reflete sobre como a narrativa jornalística configura os desastres e apresenta alguns indicadores para a análise deste tipo de cobertura: “Denominação do desastre”, “Eixo temporal da cobertura”, “Relações causa/impacto/consequência/soluções”, “Evocação/papel das fontes” e “Acionamento de explicações técnico- científicas”. Os indicadores são ilustrados com exemplos de uma cobertura sobre um desastre provocado por chuvas extremas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil).