bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisi sperimentali e numeriche di cristalli sonici utilizzati in barriere antirumore
Authors: D'Orazio Tommaso
Published: February 2024

I cristalli sonici sono particolari strutture periodiche ovvero strutture in cui gli elementi che le compongono hanno una disposizione geometrica regolare e ripetitiva. Le loro caratteristiche macroscopiche non dipendono solo dalla loro struttura molecolare, ma anche e soprattutto dalla loro geometria realizzativa. Il presente lavoro si concentra nello sviluppo di questa tecnologia, i cristalli sonici, utilizzati come barriere antirumore. In particolare, verranno confrontati i risultati sperimentali dell'attenuazione sonora acquisiti tramite i test in laboratorio di acustica in sala anecoica e semi anecoica, condotti su barriere a cristalli sonici in scala ridotta (scala 1:3 in pianta e scala 1:2 e 1:4 in altezza), con i risultati numerici ottenuti tramite simulazioni realizzate con il Metodo degli Elementi Finiti (FEM) attraverso l'aiuto del software di calcolo MATLAB. Quindi, sarà possibile confrontare i valori dei modelli trattati e consideraretale tecnologia come una possibile soluzione alla riduzione dell'inquinamento acustico anche e soprattutto nel rispetto dell'ambiente essendo strutture costituite da scatterers (i singoli elementi che costituiscono le barriere) di materiale riciclato o naturale come derivatidel legno. Ciò nonostante questo lavoro è stato svolto su modelli in scala e dunque i valori ottenuti non sono necessariamente validi per modelli di dimensioni reali.
Metodi di deep learning acustico per il riconoscimento dei dissesti della pavimentazione stradale
Authors: Monticelli Alessandro
Published: February 2024

Nel seguente lavoro è stata proposta una metodologia basata su tecniche di deep learning per la valutazione delle condizioni della superficie stradale a partire da segnali acustici misurati all'interno della cavità dello pneumatico. Il progetto è stato svolto in collaborazione con Ipool srl., nel contesto del progetto SURFAce, finanziato dalla regione Toscana. Sono state proposte tre architetture di classificazione: una LSTM (Long short-term memory network) basata sull'andamento temporale di un insieme di descrittori spettrali e due CNN (Convolutional neural network), una incentrata sugli spettrogrammi dei segnali, l'altra sui Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). Il dataset di ground truth è stato acquisito tramite un laboratorio mobile e classificato mediante strumenti di analisi appositamente sviluppati. Due delle tre architetture proposte hanno fornito risultati incoraggianti. L'implementazione di tali strumenti su dispositivi mobili potrebbe rendere possibile la classificazione dello stato della pavimentazione in tempo reale con ridotti costi economici e temporali.
Galleria Commerciale dell'Aeroporto di Fiumicino: analisi acustica di un ambiente di grandi dimensioni
Authors: Pulella Paola , Busa Lucia , Luzzi Sergio , Berna Berionni Aurora , Ferreri Alessandro
Published: February 2024

Le gallerie commerciali sono ambienti di grandi dimensioni, la cui forma sproporzionata, insieme alla distribuzione degli arredi, non consente l'instaurarsi di un campo diffuso all'interno dello spazio e pertanto non rende possibile determinare una curva di propagazione sonora univoca. Il presente lavoro è volto ad analizzare l'efficacia acustica derivante dall'installazione di pannelli metallici pendinati a soffitto nella galleria commerciale del Terminal 1 dell'Aeroporto Leonardo Da Vinci di Fiumicino. L'analisi acustica dello stato attuale è stata condotta mediante misure fonometriche dell'indice di attenuazione spaziale dei livelli di pressione sonora al raddoppio della distanza. Tali indagini hanno permesso di confrontare lo stato attuale con i valori di riferimento delle norme tecniche, oltre che di effettuare la taratura di un modello acustico tridimensionale semplificato. L'inserimento dei pannelli di progetto all'interno del modello acustico ha consentito di determinare il beneficio acustico previsto, in termini di incremento dell'indice DL2, e, in particolare, il raggiungimento di 3 dB nel campo intermedio.
Riflessioni sul rumore intrusivo da sorgente specifica
Authors: Brambilla Giovanni
Published: February 2024

La specifica tecnica UNI/TS 11844:2022, pubblicata a marzo 2022, propone una metodologia di determinazione dell'intrusività di una immissione sonora da sorgente identificata che si basa sui principi della "Signal Detection Theory" (SDT). L'entità dell'intrusività è quantificata mediante il parametro "Detectability Level" D'L, calcolato comparando gli spettri, a 1/3 di ottava o in Bark per tenere conto del mascheramento uditivo, della stimata immissione sonora della sorgente specifica, ovvero il "segnale", e della immissione sonora residua misurata a sorgente inattiva, ovvero il "rumore".Con la presente nota si intende contribuire al dibattito in corso durante la sperimentazione triennale della specifica tecnica, proponendo alcune riflessioni riguardanti la stima dello spettro della sorgente specifica oggetto di accertamento e la determinazione del parametro "detectability" d' per ciascuna banda di frequenza, nonché un approccio probabilistico sulla variabilità di D'L conseguente alla scelta dei parametri impiegati per determinare gli spettri del segnale e del rumore da comparare.
Setting e competenze di accompagnamento nell'esperienza del sistema duale: evidenze da un programma pilota
Authors: Ivaldi Silvia , Poy Samuele , Scaratti Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Per favorire l'occupabilità dei giovani si fa spesso riferimento all'importanza di offrire durante il percorso scolastico l'alternanza tra periodi di studio e di lavoro (sistema duale). In questo contesto, una funzione fondamentale di raccordo tra l'istituzione formativa (dove è incardinata) e l'azienda ospitante è svolto dal setting e dalle competenze dell'operatore del sistema duale, figura professionale dedicata all'accompagnamento del percorso. Nell'articolo si presentano le caratteristiche e i risultati di una valutazione di impatto del programma "Shape Work". Realizzato da Fondazione Luigi Clerici in Regione Lombardia nel 2019, il programma agisce in chiave innovativa sui processi formativi e sul potenziamento delle competenze dell'operatore al fine di sostenere percorsi di accompagnamento degli alunni più fragili. Dal caso studio emergono buone pratiche di interesse generale.
Children and youth in street situations in Nairobi. A study for a comprehensive model of care
Authors: Ravazzini Marzia , Reggi Massimiliano , Magoni Elena , Inghilleri Paolo
Published: February 2024

We investigated the profiles of children and youth in street situations in Mlango Kubwa slum in Nairobi. Through a quanti-qualitative questionnaire, we collected the responses of 300 children and youth, starting from the social determinants of health as indicators of vulnerability. The foremost objective is to understand their social and health conditions as vulnerable/at-risk street groups. The secondary goal is to identify the populations' strengths, inspecting protection mechanisms, survival strategies and dreams. The data show a complex situation: experiences of trauma, violence, conflict and abandonment; ambivalent family ties, school drop-out, lack of legal and physical protection, homelessness, living below the limit of extreme poverty. The street has activated survival strategies, mostly on an individual level, but functioning as a "base system" the street seems to act as a protective system and a possible scenario in which to create a different future together with youth workers: reconnecting with the family, liaising with expert figures in order to return to school or look for suitable training. Working with children and youth in street situations highlights the complexity of their vulnerability. This could be addressed through an integrated approach and a comprehensive primary health care model.
Bodily self-awareness and the onset of ownership illusion
Authors: Re Anna , Malvica Sonia
Published: February 2024

The moving Rubber Hand Illusion (mRHI) is a paradigm which investigates the sense of ownership (SoO) and the sense of agency (SoA) towards an artificial hand. This study aimed to highlight the role of the SoA on the development of the SoO according to the information provided by an actionrelated auditory cue. We expected that a reinforcement of the SoO illusion by the SoA could not occur if the sound of the action was removed. In order to assess the SoO and SoA, 25 participants performed the task in the the active congruent, passive congruent, and active incongruent conditions. Also, the onset time of the SoO in the congruent conditions was reported. The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing that agency did not play a pivotal role in promoting the onset of the ownership illusion if ecological auditory feedback was removed. Further research on the cross-modal assessment of individual bodily selfconsciousness is recommended. 
Analysis of the religious situation in Kazakhstan and its influence to sustainability during the pandemic
Authors: Ibraev Yerzhan , Duysembekova Mayra , Dossymkhan Yenglik , Baigondin Rinat , Turuntayeva Aikerim
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the religious situation in Kazakhstan during the pandemic. In the new conditions of the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is spreading at an unprecedented speed and causing significant damage to human health and national security, new challenges and solutions are required in the activities of public and state structures. The new living conditions led to changes in the activities of all religious associations, which were primarily associated with prohi- bitions and restrictions on worship and mass religious events in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards. It should be taken into account that the epidemiological situation in the country also had a very serious impact on the activities of state bodies, including those authorized to perform functions in terms of religious policy. New epidemiological requirements strongly influenced state-confessional re- lations and interfaith interactions in Kazakhstan, despite the stable religious situation in the country.
Socio-psychological factors influencing satisfaction, loyalty, and employee involvement in the production process
Authors: Yasin Ghadi Mohammed , Sakka Fadi , Vasilieva Victoria , Grigoriev Alexander , Bokov Yuri
Published: February 2024

The study aims to develop a theoretical model of "satisfaction-loyalty-involvement" in modern HRM-architecture to create a mechanism to strengthen employee involvement in the production process. The study statistically determined the socio-psychological factors influencing satisfaction, loyalty, and involvement in professional activity. It was found that an employee's attitude (on the example of respondents from Russia) to a company (satisfaction-loyalty-involvement) depends on gender: correlation coefficient 0.631, (p -0.05), age: 0.690 (p -0.05), total years in office: 0.572 (p -0.05), but the greatest – on the level of education – 0.807 (p -0.05), and does not depend on marital status (0.241), having children (0.041) and level of wages (0.062). According to the results of the correlation analysis the individual psychological features influencing the level of satisfaction were determined. The received information is important for managers and executives to take constructive action and manage their workforce intelligently.
Analysis of the state and legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on interaction with the diaspora in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Dauren Abiltaevich Magauyanov , Duman Abiltaevich Zhampeisov , Zhanat Kokenovna Karazhanova
Published: February 2024

This scientific article presents a comprehensive study of the role of diasporas in the modern world, with a focus on connections with the topic of population migration. In a world where globalization and modern technology play a key role, diasporas are becoming important actors in the development of economic, human, social and cultural capital, both in countries of origin and in countries of residence. The article highlights that diasporas have a significant impact on the economy, education and cultural exchange, and this is confirmed by World Bank data on remittances, which exceed foreign direct investment and foreign aid. Kazakhstan serves as an example of a country that actively interacts with the Kazakh diaspora abroad and brings back ethnic Kazakhs (Kandas) in order to increase their contribution to the development of the country. However, the article also highlights that the potential of diasporas is underutilized. To address this problem, the study proposes a number of recommendations and policy approaches. The purpose of the study is to examine policies that influence interaction with diasporas and the integration of gender equality aspects into this process. The research methodology includes an analysis of literature, strategic and regulatory documents, as well as data available on the websites of authorized government bodies and public organizations. The results of the analysis formulate problems and provide recommendations for developing strategies for more effective interaction with diasporas, including aspects of gender equality. The article concludes that while more research is needed, there are several key areas of concern, including the lack of clear diaspora policies and programs to transfer knowledge and skills. Overall, the article proposes a strategic plan for increasing the contribution of diasporas to socio-economic development and integrating gender equality dimensions into these interactions.
Unveiling the wholesomeness of whole foods: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Sode Raghavendra , Chenji Kalaa
Published: February 2024

The organic farming industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for healthier and sustainably produced food products. This case study explores the opportunities, challenges, and technological solutions within the organic farming sector. With an annual growth rate of 16.25 percent projected for organic farming, aspiring entrepreneurs are presented with a promising market to venture into. Learning from successful case studies, such as Whole Foods Market (WFM) provides valuable insights into the problems and challenges faced by organic stores, enabling entrepreneurs to make informed decisions and capitalize on this expanding industry. One of the key challenges in organic farming is traceability, as consumers are becoming more conscious about the sourcing and rearing of their food. Blockchain technology offers a potential solution by providing a transparent and immutable system for tracking products from farm to fork. Implementing accurate labeling processes and integrating blockchain across the value chain can enhance transparency, build consumer trust, and mitigate traceability issues. Additionally, automation plays a vital role in streamlining organic farming processes. By reducing human intervention and minimizing errors, automation enhances efficiency, productivity, and overall operational effectiveness. By embracing these technological solutions, entrepreneurs can meet consumer demands for organic products while promoting transparency, traceability, and health-conscious practices in the organic farming and retail sector.
Modern political processes and mechanisms to ensure geoecological safety and sustainability of the Northern Caspian Region (by the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation)
Authors: Urugzaliyeva Maiya , Sergazin Yerbolat , Massalimova Aliya
Published: February 2024

The article examines a set of issues of geo-ecological safety of the Northern Caspian Sea as the most important ecological zone of the Caspian Sea. This sector is under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, has a common political, socio-economic and environmental problems that determine the unity of vision of the diversity of interrelated components of the environment. The growing activity of the countries of the Caspian region, associated with the development of natural resource and transport and communication potentials, is accompanied by an increase in the violation of the ecological balance. Preservation of the integrity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea is possible through the formation of a single economic space. Modern approaches are outlined on the basis of the use of comparative, structural and functional research methods, as well as the development of political and environmental mechanisms for studying the most important factors and conditions according to the criteria of commonality of homogeneous components of the natural environment and resource base, political and other conditions. The program management of these processes is predicted by the author both on an interstate basis and at the national level. As a result of the analysis, the political mechanism for ensuring the geo-environmental security of the Northern Caspian is considered, which is characterized by a complex of regional features, the main of which is the recognition of the unity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.
Virtual Reality: Characteristics and application in anxiety disorders and other clinical settings
Authors: Trotta Nicoletta , Leccese Adriana , Fiore Pietro , Meyerbröker Katharina
Published: February 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) technology places users in a computer-generated three-dimensional environment where they experience a variety of visual and auditory cues related to their clinical needs. Despite the considerable growth of scientific knowledge in this field, the application of this knowledge to clinical practice has been slow. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the evidence related to the application of VRET interventions in the treatment of various disorders such as eating disorders, or even psychotic disorders and addictions, dwelling on anxiety disorders, in adults and in developmental age. VR technologies make it possible to create and replicate dangerous and impossible situations in the real world by allowing the precise acquisition of data, facilitating a more careful evaluation of rehabilitation progress; moreover, by exploiting the features of immersiveness and presence, it is possible to virtually recreate the perfect clinical setting for each intervention.
COVID-19: Remote diagnostic assessment of children with suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder, a selected literature review
Authors: Carrieri Liliana , Bentenuto Arianna , Venuti Paola , Bertamini Giulio , de Falco Simona
Published: February 2024

Diagnostic evaluations of neurodevelopmental disorders dramatically reduced and slowed down following the disruptions caused by Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. For this, it was necessary to identify solutions allowing diagnostic assessment, screening, and early patient care by implementing remote diagnostic protocols respecting the restrictions imposed by the lockdown. Centres and services specialized in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) had to quickly implement innovative diagnostic protocols able to satisfy patients' needs, minimizing the chances of spreading the virus at the same time. This work collects the studies conducted so far on remote assessment of ASD both prior to and relating to the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It also explores standard diagnostic tools that have been adapted for remote administration, in order to evaluate strengths and limitations of these methodologies. Remote assessment methodologies were initially employed to overcome the difficulties of long-distance diagnoses and to respond to families' need for continuity of public and private services. These studies underlined the validity of some remote diagnostic protocols and how telediagnosis may enable the diagnostic evaluation, making it more accessible and thus favouring timely intervention. We discussed the opportunity to integrate in person and remote approaches for diagnosing neurodevelopmental conditions, even in the post covid emergency period.
The effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered online on the mental health of university students: New challenges for psychological sciences
Authors: Severo Melania , Calvio Antonella , Guillen Virginia
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of studies on the effectiveness of online psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at college students. Studies were identified through a search of PubMed and Scopus. Empirical studies included were in English language with peer review and focused on online psychological or psychotherapeutic interventions. 18 studies were selected. The predominant online intervention was cognitive-behavioral therapy. Online psychological interventions were found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and treating other conditions. In addition, they have been shown to be at least as effective and acceptable as classical interventions. Interventions delivered online have been found to be effective in improving the mental health of college students. They represent a useful tool to be implemented in health services provided by universities.
Le challenge on-line e i nativi digitali: quando la rete diventa un pericolo
Authors: Antonilli Andrea
Published: February 2024

Un fenomeno che ha avuto origine con la diffusione delle piattaforme social è quello delle challenge, ovvero le sfide condivise nel Web e lanciate agli altri utenti, spesso con conseguenze funeste. Tali atti, spesso sottovalutati, sono in grado di produrre effetti molto gravi, in particolare sugli adolescenti. Sulla base dell'analisi della genesi e delle dinamiche di tali manifestazioni "devianti", l'obiettivo del pre-sente articolo è di prendere in analisi i contenuti di alcuni video incentrati sulle challenge pericolose, al fine di individuarne le caratteristiche ricorrenti e tentare di costruire una loro classificazione, cercando di identificare le potenziali leve che rendono le sfide on line un fenomeno tanto virale, quanto rischioso.
L'hate speech. Definizione e meccanismi di propagazione nei social network
Authors: Corchia Luca
Published: February 2024

Il saggio intende esaminare il fenomeno emergente dei discorsi d'odio (hate speechs). Da sempre diffusi nelle comunicazioni pubbliche e nelle interazioni quotidiane, da alcuni decenni sono oggetto di disciplinamento al fine di arginare una propagazione che rischia di minare la convivenza sociale. Dapprima, viene posta la questione controversa della loro definizione, superando i limiti del riduzionismo semantico grazie a un approccio pragmatico-linguistico. Quindi, sono specificate le caratteristiche distintive dei discorsi d'odio online e le trasformazioni strutturali della sfera pubblica che li rendono oggi così diffusi e pervasivi. La comunicazione politica, in particolare, sarà un campo di verifica delle tendenze in atto nella società nel suo insieme. Infine, si pone la questione di come prevenire e contrastare gli hate speeches, che qui affrontiamo dal punto di vista delle "missioni" delle scienze sociali.
Generazioni violente o violenze generazionali? Uno studio empirico sul rapporto tra giovani e violenza, tra percepito e vissuto
Authors: De Rosa Paola , Ferrigni Nicola , Porro Eugenia , Spalletta Marica
Published: February 2024

L'articolo analizza il rapporto tra giovani italiani e violenza, focalizzando l'attenzione sulla dicotomia tra violenza generazionale e generazione violenta. I risultati confermano la natura intergenerazionale della violenza percepita e vissuta, a fronte delle forme di violenza agita, che prendono forma soprattutto in Rete. Pur rifiutando l'etichetta di "generazione violenta", i giovani riconoscono l'esistenza di una violenza generazionale, attribuendone tuttavia ruoli e responsabilità ai propri coetanei, all'interno di una nuova dimensione attoriale di violenza riferita.
Reati "spia" di femminicidio e pratiche locali di contrasto alla violenza di genere
Authors: Maria Colone Loredana , Esposito Maurizio , Meglio Lucio , Pagnanelli Giuliana
Published: February 2024

L'articolo propone alcune riflessioni sul tema dei reati di tipo predatorio analizzando i dati ufficiali sui reati "spia" di femminicidio quali minacce, violenza, atti persecutori e maltrattamenti, forniti dalle forze dell'ordine sul quinquennio 2013-2017 e riferiti al territorio della provincia di Frosinone. Conseguentemente all'analisi dei dati si presentano anche le attività di contrasto e aiuto nei confronti delle donne vittime di violenza realizzate dall'Associazione SOS Donna – Sportello Telematico e Centro d'Ascolto, nel periodo compreso tra il 2020 e 2022, riflettendo sulla capacità ed efficacia di presa in carico e di supporto all'empowerment sociale delle donne maggiormente vulnerabili e cercando di comprendere l'efficacia che tali interventi di policy possono avere per prevenire e contrastare la violenza sulle donne.
Il rifiuto dei Sex Offender. Teoria e riproduzione sociale di una negazione continua
Authors: Pesce Alberto
Published: February 2024

Il saggio presenta uno studio su una particolare tipologia di autori di reato con-tro le donne i sex offender. Attraverso le narrazioni di 40 detenuti in 2 carceri ita-liane, si vuole far emergere la struttura sociale diseguale e gli stereotipi di genere, ma soprattutto i modelli di neutralizzazioni che questi uomini utilizzano per colpe-volizzare le vittime, oppure per negare il reato. I risultati mostrano una negazione di qualunque responsabilità.
Il disagio socio-economico delle famiglie italiane fra diritti e (in)giustizia. Il "nuovo" ruolo del Servizio Sociale oggi e le sfide del futuro
Authors: Barba Davide , D’Ambrosio Mariangela
Published: February 2024

Obiettivo macro dell'articolo è quello di riflettere sull'attuale disagio socio-economico delle famiglie italiane, attraverso una ricognizione multidimensionale e statistica del fenomeno e una ricostruzione delle maggiori teorie sociologiche che si sono occupate di povertà. Viene approfondito, altresì, il ruolo strategico del Servizio Sociale considerando il complesso d'interventi professionali e le misure normative posti in essere e previsti per il prossimo futuro. Fra scenari mutevoli e sfide complesse.
Olympic Games and expectations: The factor analysis model about Olympic Urbanism and Olympic Villages
Authors: della Sala Valerio
Published: February 2024

Editions of the Olympic Games have given rise to an important urban transformation that has opened a new critical perspective on the new urban dimension of the Games, especially in the construction of the three main physical elements: the athletics stadium, swimming facilities and, above all, the «Olympic Village». The study analyses the Winter and Summer Olympic Games in a general way, with particular attention to the relationship between the Olympic spatial dimension and the urban fabric. The relationship of interdependence between the city and the Olympic Games has evolved through new models of development of the Olympic event that have marked the importance of the transformation processes of the city. The lack of previous studies allows us to affirm the importance of the study for the academic debate on the future of the Olympic Village. The study used quantitative factor analysis to investigate the different variables and responses of the Olympic specialists who participated in the sample. The study will observe the perceptions and expectations of respondents through statistical analysis, considering the three elements identified: social, territory and organization.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA UMUR 1 – 4 TAHUN
Authors: Ni Putu Ayu Juniantari  , Gusti Ngurah Kusuma Negara  , Luh Adi Satriani
Published: February 2024

Masa balita merupakan periode penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang manusia yang menentukan keberhasilan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di periode selanjutnya dimana sistem imunitasnya masih lemah dan belum sempurna sehingga menyebabkan balita sangat rentan terkena penyakit ISPA.  Salah satu penyebab ISPA pada balita adalah pajanan asap rokok didalam rumah yang merupakan faktor utama pencemaran udara dalam ruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku merokok orang tua dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita umur 1-4 tahun di Puskesmas Selat. Artikel ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode penelitian analitik korelatif. Sampel penelitian adalah orang tua yang mempunyai balita usia 1 - 4 tahun yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Selat yang 258 responden. Teknik sampling pada penelitian ini menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrument yang digunakan adalah perilaku merokok dan kejadian ISPA. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji Spearman’rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berusia antara 36 sampai dengan 45 tahun (41,9%) dengan jenis kelamin paling banyak adalah laki – laki (57,8%), pendidikan terakhir tamat SD dan Tamat SMP (22,5%) serta memiliki pekerjaan sebagai buruh (26,0%). Mayoritas perilaku merokok orang tua termasuk sedang (49,2%) ISPA balita termasuk sedang (52,3%). Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara perilaku merokok orang tua dengan kejadian ISPA Balita (p-value = 0,001) dengan korelasi positif dan kekuatan korelasi kuat (r=0,761). Adanya hubungan perilaku merokok dan kejadian ISPA pada anak, diharapkan kerja sama dari berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan program dan pemberian KIE mengenai bahaya merokok bagi perokok aktif dan pasif serta terapi berhenti merokok kepada masyarakat sehingga orang tua dapat meningkatkan kesadaran perilaku hidup sehat dan bersih.
Integrating Water, Energy, and Food Strategies: Impact on Malawi's Sustainable Development Goals Achievement
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Benin, 154, P.M.B., Ugbowo Lagos Rd, Benin City, Nigeria. Email: ngozistewart@yahoo.com, ngozi.stewart-unuigbe@uniben.edu, Unuigbe Ngozi Finette , Ehizojie Aizenose Promise ,   Faculty of Law, University of Benin, Nigeria. Email: aizepromise@gmail.com
Published: February 2024

Malawi faces mounting challenges in meeting the growing demand for food, water, and energy to satisfy the needs of a rapidly growing population. Relying on secondary data, the chapter argues that while the existing policy initiatives have increased food production to a certain extent, the demand for water and energy has also increased, leading to degradation of the resource base, and contributing to an increase in water-related diseases. Poor sectoral coordination and institutional fragmentation have triggered the unsustainable use of resources and threatened the long-term sustainability of food, water, and energy security in the country, posing challenges to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the country. Consequently, this chapter substantiates that a nexus approach can enhance understanding of the interconnectedness of the sectors and strengthen coordination among them. However, it requires a major shift in the decision-making process towards taking a holistic view, and development of institutional mechanisms to coordinate the actions of diverse actors and strengthen complementarities and synergies among the three sectors. The framework for cross-sectoral coordination and managing the nexus challenges is also suggested.
The Role of Energy Directives in Ensuring EU Energy Security and the Problems of Implementation in Ukrainian Legislation
Authors:   Department of International Law and Comparative Law, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: evshulga2013@gmail.com, Shulga Ievgenii , Shynkaruk Nataliia ,   Expert Group on Energy, Government Office for Coordination of European and Euro-Atlantic Integration, Secretariat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: natalisch1003@gmail.com, Shytyi Stanislav ,   Department of Theory and History of State and Law, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, 02000, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: moderator_fpsp@npu.edu.ua, Antypov Ievgen ,   Department of Heat Power Engineering, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: ievgeniy_antypov@ukr.net
Published: February 2024

This chapter aims to analyze the role of energy directives in ensuring energy security of the European Union, and to assess the current state of their implementation in the legislation of Ukraine in accordance with the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and the Association Agreement with the EU. The development of legal security of energy sphere in the EU from the Treaty of Paris on the European Coal and Steel Community to the fourth energy package, which allowed to provide the development of competition among producers and suppliers of energy resources, to provide equal access to the energy distribution and gas-distribution networks, to liberalize the energy sector and energy resources, to increase the use of green energy, to reduce emissions into the atmosphere, and to raise the level of energy security in Ukraine. In this chapter, the authors systematically analyze the implementation process of EU Energy Directives in the Ukrainian legislation using legal methods. They focus specifically on the Law "On Natural Gas Market", the Law "On Electricity Market", the Law "On Energy Efficiency", the Law "On Energy Land and Legal Regime of Special Zones of Energy Facilities", and the Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2035 "Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness".
Ukrainian Reform of State Power Decentralization as a Way to Sustainable Development: Ecological and Legal Aspects
Authors:   Department of Land and Agricultural Law, Institute of Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: olenazaiets1909@gmail.com, Zaiets Olena , Kovalenko Tetiana ,   Department of Land and Agricultural Law, Educational and Scientific Law School of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, City of Kyiv, Ukraine, 01033. Email: kovalenko.tetyana@gmail.com, Shokha Tetiana ,   Department of Environmental Law of the Educational and Scientific Law School of Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: tetiana.shokha@knu.ua, Vlasenko Yulyia ,   Department of Environmental Law, Institute of Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: ulia-v@ukr.net, Pozniak Elina ,   Department of Environmental Law, Institute of Law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. Email: elina_pozniak@ukr.net
Published: February 2024

The strategic vision of sustainable development for Ukraine is based on ensuring national interests and accomplishing international commitments proceeding to sustainable development. Sustainable development involves decentralization and implementation of regional policy, which is based on a harmonious combination of national and regional interests regarding ecology. This article aims to identify and analyze environmental and legal components of the decentralization of power in Ukraine as a means to sustainable development provisions. The main focus of ecological decentralization is placed on land resources. This is due to the peculiarities of the national system of environmental law (natural resource and environmental regulations) of Ukraine. The article highlights the main and additional areas of environmental decentralization. It analyzes the legislation and the practice of its implementation in the sphere of natural resources reallocation, territorial communities’ demarcation, and their planning process. The roles of cadasters, registers, and electronic databases in maintaining natural resources for the successful decentralization of power are analyzed. The legal perspectives for the decentralization of environmental control are also outlined. The status of financial and ecological resources redistribution in the process of decentralization is highlighted along with the ways of its subsequent improvement. The conclusion suggests the ways for the improvement of legislation and the practice of its implementation to accomplish successful decentralization reform.
Legal Dimensions of Environmental Policy in Ukraine
Authors:   Criminal Procedure and Criminology Department, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine. Email: marko.sergii@gmail.com, Marko Sergii , Kovalenko Vitaliy ,   Koretsky Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Email: kovalenko.v.v@gmail.com, Kolb Oleksandr ,   Criminal Justice department, State Tax University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Email: lesya5@meta.com, Bondarenko Olena ,   Department of Law Enforcement & Anti-Corruption Activities of the Educational & Scientific Institute of Law, Prince Vladimir the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine, Email: ollenabond@ukr.net, Boldizhar Sandra ,   Department of Administrative, Financial & Informative Law, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine, Email: boldizhar.sandra@uzhnu.edu.ua
Published: February 2024

This chapter is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of the organizational and legal problems involved in the evolution and implementation of the environmental policy as integral part of the sustainable development strategy of Ukraine. This research is based on the international documents defining the goals of sustainable development and that are guidelines for harmonizing legal instruments in rationalizing natural resource use conforming the European Green laws. Based on the analysis of the current environmental legislation of Ukraine and its application, as well as inculcating the views of scientists, a conclusion is drawn about the need for prioritizing sectoral environmental reforms in the fields of biodiversity protection, curbing industrial pollution, waste management, emission monitoring and reporting, environmental control, and statutory responsibility. The grey areas of improving Ukraine's environmental policy ensuring effective, transparent and modern post-war reconstruction are identified as: strengthening control over compliance with standards and environmental regulations concerning natural resource management; improving the mechanism of payments for harming the environment; giving tax benefits and other financial incentives to environmentally innovative practices; encouraging the environmental audit and certification; pricing flexibly the ecological products; stimulating scientific temperament in solving environmental problems; and so on.
Environmental Justice and Globalization: Putting a Focus on Indigenous Peoples and Local Community Rights and Perspectives
Authors:   University of Lapland, Yliopistonkatu 8, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland. Email: alvarosanab@gmail.com, Sanabria-Rangel Álvaro Augusto
Published: February 2024

The right to participate in matters of local importance for communities as well as for Indigenous Peoples are increasingly recognized. This chapter analyses the continuous existence of deterrents to environmental justice from the perspective of social leaders who have worked in the defence of environmental and Indigenous rights in Colombia, Peru and Chile. This chapter argues that community rights and interests are relegated as a consequence of notions of development that are solely based on economic growth. This lack of a proper balance between a market-driven vision of development with local and Indigenous perspectives of development is manifested in different obstacles to effective participation and could also be explained by post-colonial dynamics. The research identifies seven particular obstacles that environmental and Indigenous rights defenders face to make their voices and perspectives be heard, namely: a total denial to binding mechanisms for participation, lack of information and transparency surrounding projects with a significant impact to local environments, unwillingness of State actors to supervise extractive industries, lack of access to environmental justice, lack of recognition by local authorities, in particular of Indigenous representatives, deception to the agreements between mining companies and the local communities as well as bureaucratic practices and judicial persecution, stigmatization and threats to the lives of environmental and Indigenous leaders.
International Trade and Environmental Protection: Revisiting David Hunter’s “Invisible Elbow Destroying the Common Goods Created by an Invisible Hand”
Authors:   Barrister and Solicitor, Supreme Court of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria Email: peterkomiti@gmail.com, peterkomiti@nigerinabar.ng, Komiti Peter Nyeronvwo
Published: February 2024

Twenty-eight years after the emergence of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) regime, the trade-environmental protection relationship seems to have achieved some harmonisation from an initial chequered one, though not without some forms of lopsided balancing of the variables. This chapter explores the relationship between international trade and the environment, revealing whether the competing values are balanced. The methodology adopted is doctrinal, with a comparative and analytical approach involving desk and library research. The chapter is bifurcated into six parts, commencing with an introduction in the first: the second fleshes out international environmental agreements relevant to the trade-environment interaction. The third part examines principles of international environmental law. The chapter examines unilateral trade measures in the fourth part. The fifth part takes stock of WTO jurisprudence. While considerable efforts have been made to mainstream environmental protection into trade objectives through the WTO jurisprudence, there remain some forms of market failures, making the trade-environment relationship lopsided, with inadequate attention given to the environment, which brings to fore the need to revisit David Hunter’s metaphoric invisible elbow (trade) destroying the common goods (environment) created by an invisible hand (nature).
Munnlegur málflutningur fyrir æðra dómi: Aðdragandi breytinga á 3. mgr. 158. gr. og 3. mgr. 182. gr. laga um meðferð einkamála og mál Súsönnu Rósar Westlund gegn Íslandi
Authors: Þorsteinsdóttir Ragnheiður E.
Published: February 2024

Meginreglan um munnlega málsmeðferð er ein af grundvallarreglum réttarfars. Mannréttindadómstóll Evrópu hefur í dómum sínum fjallað um munnlega málsmeðferð og hvað felist í réttlátri málsmeðferð. Ákvæði um munnlega málsmeðferð fyrir æðra dómi eiga sér nokkra sögu hér á landi og voru fyrst lögfest með lögum um Hæstarétt nr. 22/1919 þegar æðsta dómsvald fluttist til landsins með Sambandslögunum. Þann 6. desember 2007 kvað Mannréttindadómstóll Evrópu upp dóm í máli Súsönnu Rósar Westlund gegn Íslandi þar sem íslenska ríkið var talið hafa gerst brotlegt við 1. mgr. 6. gr. mannréttindasáttmála Evrópu um réttláta málsmeðferð þar sem kæranda hafði verið meinað að flytja mál sitt munnlega fyrir Hæstarétti. Við dómnum var brugðist með lögum nr. 18/2019 sem fólu í sér breytingu á lögum um meðferð einkamála nr. 91/1991. Hér verður fjallað um íslenska löggjöf um munnlega málsmeðferð fyrir æðra dómi í einkamálum og túlkun Mannréttindadómstóls Evrópu á því hvað felist í réttlátri málsmeðferð og hvort brugðist hafi verið með fullnægjandi hætti við dómi dómstólsins í máli Súsönnu Rósar Westlund.

The principle of oral hearings is one of the fundamental principles of justice. The European Court of Human Rights has addressed oral hearings in its judgments regarding what constitutes a fair trial. Provisions on oral proceedings before higher courts in Iceland were first established by Act no. 22/1919 when the highest judicial authority was transferred to the country with the Union Act. On December 6, 2007, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the case of Susanna Rós Westlund v Iceland that the Icelandic state was found to have violated Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding fair trial proceedings, as the applicant had been denied the opportunity to present her case orally before the Supreme Court. In response to the judgment, Act no. 18/2019 was adopted, which included amendments to the Icelandic Law on Civil Procedural no. 91/1991. This article discusses the Icelandic legislation on oral proceedings before higher courts in private law cases and the interpretation of the European Court of Human Rights regarding what constitutes fair proceedings, as well as whether Iceland has responded adequately to the ruling in Susanna Rós Westlund v Iceland.
L’incerto: Paura e bisogno del confine
Authors: Buccola Roberto
Published: February 2024

The concept of border is a much-debated topic, also due to numerous planetary crises of political, economic, and religious origin. The present author supports both the usefulness and the necessity of the border qua psychological entity, insofar as its proper function allows for the process of psychological identification to occur. Moreover, the speed of major socio-cultural changes characterising the contemporary era is argued to be compromising the dynamic psychological balance between growth and transformation, whilst providing the illusion of the psyche as an undifferentiated whole.
Determinants of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Syrian Refugees living in Turkey's four cities
Authors: Tombak Alime
Published: February 2024

Circumstances of forced migrations are associated with increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research indicates that Syrian refugees are highly vulnerable and likely to experience various mental diseases due to forced migration and war-related traumatic events. Also, there are geographical-based differences in the psychological stress outcomes of refugees. The objective of the research is to examine the differences in self-reported PTSD due to circumstances of forced migration among Syrian refugees living in Turkey (N=777 respondents) by their living city. To explore which group of factors had the most significant influence on PTSD, I conducted multiple logistic regression analyses for 777 respondents. Considering logistic analysis results, self-reporting post-traumatic stress is more common among Syrian refugees who live in large cities (İstanbul/İzmir) and Syrian border conservative cities (Şanlıurfa), have poorer self-expressed health status, experience war-related situations, feel unsafe in their neighbourhood and receive less support from their families when faced with problems. These findings point to the importance of assessing self-reported PTSD due to the circumstances of refugees. Furthermore, these results show that refugees feel the burden of the experiences they carry differently.
Actualización de los factores de riesgo para cáncer testicular
Authors: Chamorro Ortiz Tatiana Alexandra , Parra Rosero Andrea Catalina
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El cáncer de testículo es una neoplasia frecuente en hombres jóvenes de entre 15 y 40 años. Afecta en gran parte la calidad de vida y la función reproductiva del hombre, no obstante, tiene una tasa de curación del 90% y de supervivencia del 95%, en aquellos que son diagnosticados tempranamente. Sin embargo, el cuadro clínico no es específico y sólo puede presentarse como una tumoración unilateral indolora. Por este motivo, es transcendental conocer sobre los factores de riesgo de cáncer testicular, que pueden ir desde la edad, síndromes, estilo de vida y factores ambientales. Objetivo: Integrar conocimientos actualizados sobre los factores de riesgo para cáncer testicular. Metodología: Se ejecutó una revisión de literatura científica actualizada entre el periodo de 2019-2023. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando los términos: “factores de riesgo para cáncer testicular” “Testicular cáncer” “Epidemiology of Testicular Cancer” “Etiology of Testicular Cancer”, en bases de datos: Medscape, Guías de práctica clínica, PubMed, Cochrane. Resultados: Mediante la búsqueda teórica se pudo obtener información actualizada de la definición, etiología, epidemiología, los principales factores de riesgo, la clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento, pronóstico y medidas de prevención en relación con el cáncer testicular. Conclusiones: El cáncer testicular, aunque raro, tiene buen pronóstico con diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. La detección mediante autoexploración y exámenes regulares es crucial. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Urología. Tipo de estudio:  Artículo revisión bibliográfica.