bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Jeans Production: Experimental Evaluation of a Denim Fabric to Abrasion Resistance by Dry Fabric-to-Fabric Rubbing
Authors: Sofronova Daniela
Published: August 2024

Initially renowned for its durability and utility in work clothing, denim fabric has now gained global popularity and is mass-produced worldwide. Unfortunately, despite their widespread use, some denim products lack long-term wear resistance and become textile waste within a short period, deepening environmental pollution. To fight against textile waste and transition to sustainable production methods, stricter regulations regarding the quality of manufactured textile products need to be implemented. The most used test method for evaluation of abrasion resistance applies Martindale tester according to DIN EN ISO 12947-1:2007 and ASTM D4966-22, where a special abradant fabric is used. A more realistic assessment of the abrasion resistance of trouser fabrics, for example, is achieved by performing fabric-to-fabric rubbing. In the paper, these two test methods are performed using 2 types of denim fabrics. One is made of 100% cotton, while the other contains 98% cotton and 2% elastane. Both denim structures showed approximately the same abrasion resistance by fabric-to-fabric rubbing, up to about 80,000 cycles, while the difference between the cycles in the standard test reached about 2 times (18000 and 42000 cycles respectively). The end point of testing was evaluated by the appearance of 2 or more broken threads. The mass and colour loss were also measured as well as the changes in the thickness and air permeability.
Predicting the thermophysiological response in hot environment when using protective clothing
Authors: Angelova Radostina A.
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates thermophysiological comfort and heat stress management in hot working environments when using protective clothing of 1.2 clo. Ten cases are examined with five values of air temperature and two values of air relative humidity. Through an analysis of key parameters such as the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) index, climatic condition categories, final sweat rates, and recommended water consumption guidelines, the study examines the interplay between environmental conditions and human physiology. Findings indicate that while protective clothing may offer comfort at lower temperatures, higher temperatures and humidity levels exacerbate discomfort and pose health risks. This research contributes to a better understanding of heat stress management and informs practical strategies for enhancing workplace safety in hot environments.
To make a coffee by bicycle riding: achieving sustainable development in higher education institutions step by step
Authors: Asenov Asen , Filipov Kalin , Zgureva-Filipova Denitza , Venkov George , Daskalova-Karakasheva Mina
Published: August 2024

Universities are increasingly evaluated for their contributions to sustainability and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, methodologies for assessing higher education institutions’ sustainability indicators are lacking. This study is part of a project aiming to define such indicators and develop evaluation methodologies. Beyond technological and legislative barriers, achieving sustainability involves addressing psychological factors, particularly consumer self-awareness. The goal of the study is to explore how integrating principles of circular economy, upcycling, and unconventional energy sources can contribute to sustainability, with a focus on fostering students’ self-awareness. The experimental study was conducted in the TU-Sofia campus and it was aimed at investigating electrical energy generation through cycling. This is pursued through the assembling of a system for generating electrical energy through cycling to power a coffee machine, aiming to promote sustainable practices among young people. Measurements were taken using calibrated portable devices and included basic data from the cycle ergometer’s microcomputer and electrical properties at various points in the system. The goal was to produce enough energy to brew coffee and as a result to show human efficiency in energy conservation and highlight factors influencing energy generation variability. The study aims to foster sustainable thinking among students, with positive changes observed in attitudes towards energy saving. Participants showed interest in upcycling for energy production, reflecting a growing awareness of sustainability issues. Further research will explore energy conversion efficiency and its implications.
O-ARM navigation in tubular retractor-assisted minimal invasive parafascicular approach: technical note
Authors: Genel Oktay , Price Sally , Marchi Francesco , Elhag Ali , WroeWright Oliver , Mirallave-Pescador Ana , Bibby Steven , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Lavrador José
Published: August 2024

Trans-sulcal minimally invasive parafascicular surgery is an emerging technique to approach deep lesions with minimal brain retraction. Localization of the tubular retractor during surgery is critical, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and neuronavigation present limitations. We describe the intraoperative use of O-Arm® coupled with pre-operative tractography to precisely localize the tubular retractor. With air acting as contrast, the tubular retractor was localized in three dimensions, without any additional disruption to white matter tracts or nearby vascular structures. We conclude that visualization of tubular retractor using an intraoperative computerized tomography scan is a safe and feasible adjunct in resection of deep lesions via a minimally invasive approach.
Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development manifested as hematospermia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Shi Chengdong , Wang Yuxiong , Zeng Guoqiang , Cao Hongliang , Chen Mo , Wang Yuantao
Published: August 2024

Background

Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (OT-DSD) is a rare sexual development disorder defined by the simultaneous existence of testicular and ovarian tissues (including follicular) in the same- or opposite-sex glands of an individual, with an incidence rate of about 1 in 100 000.

Aim

This report aims to supplement the clinical presentation, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of OT-DSD and to improve the diagnostic ability of clinicians for modified disease.

Methods

This article is a retrospective analysis of a case of OT-DSD at our institution. Additionally, a comprehensive search of the PubMed database with the keywords “ovotesticular disorder of sexual development” or “true hermaphroditism” was conducted between 1956 and 2024, resulting in approximately 250 cases, and the results of the search are summarized.

Results

The patient, a 44-year-old male, sought treatment at our hospital on February 6, 2023, primarily due to “intermittent hematospermia for over a month.” He stated that it was discovered during infancy that his right scrotum was empty and lacking a testicle. Due to the low local medical services and the low-income family’s economic conditions, he did not seek further diagnosis and treatment. After admission, the patient underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and decided to undergo robot-assisted pelvic mass resection, which was pathologically confirmed as OT-DSD.

Outcomes

The patient’s definitive diagnosis was provided by postoperative pathology, and although the patient ultimately had a favorable outcome, diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to his atypical clinical presentation.

Strengths and Limitations

This is a single case report; however, uncommon clinical presentations of rare diseases were identified, and a literature review was conducted. Unfortunately, there are some important missing data in the patient’s medical history, including hormone assessment (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), tumor marker examination, semen analysis, scrotal ultrasound, and chromosomal analysis.

Conclusion

Patients with OT-DSD have diverse types of gonads, chromosomal karyotypes, and phenotypes of external genitalia, and further exploration and research are needed for early diagnosis and treatment. In addition, cases of OT-DSD with fertility and no ambiguous genitalia are even rarer. This case guides us for adult patients with no ambiguous genitalia: if there is an inability to palpate 1 or both gonads and there is intermittent hematospermia, the possibility of OT-DSD should be suspected.
Biblical Foundations for Interprofessional Collaboration in Nursing
Authors: Brown Sara , Brown Richard
Published: August 2024

Interprofessional collaboration is an essential competency for nurses in today's complex healthcare environment. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) four competencies of values, teamwork, roles, and communication provide the organizing framework for effective interprofessional collaboration. In this article, the four competencies are used to explore biblical underpinnings and principles of collaboration for Christian nurses, showing how interprofessional collaboration helps achieve one's faith-based and professional commitments.
Risk Stratification Before Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Preformed Donor-specific Antibodies by Different Crossmatch Methods
Authors: Ziemann Malte , Lindemann Monika , Hallensleben Michael , Altermann Wolfgang , Althaus Karina , Budde Klemens , Einecke Gunilla , Eisenberger Ute , Ender Andrea , Feldkamp Thorsten , Grahammer Florian , Guthoff Martina , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Hugo Christian , Kauke Teresa , Kemmner Stephan , Koch Martina , Lachmann Nils , Marget Matthias , Morath Christian , Nitschke Martin , Renders Lutz , Scherer Sabine , Stumpf Julian , Schwenger Vedat , Sommer Florian , Spriewald Bernd , Süsal Caner , Zecher Daniel , Heinemann Falko M. , Verboom Murielle
Published: August 2024

Background.

Preformed donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are a well-known risk factor in kidney transplantation. There is still considerable debate, however, about the optimal risk stratification among patients with preformed DSA. Additionally, data on the prognostic value of different crossmatch assays in DSA-positive patients are scarce.

Methods.

DSA-positive living kidney transplant recipients were selected from a multicenter study examining 4233 consecutive renal transplants. An additional 7 patients from 2 further centers were included. Flow cytometric crossmatches (FXM), Luminex-based crossmatches, and virtual crossmatches based on C1q- and C3d-binding antibodies (C1qXM and C3dXM) were performed retrospectively using pretransplant sera and lymphocytes isolated from fresh samples. These samples were obtained from 44 donor and recipient pairs from 12 centers. Clinical outcome data and the control group without DSA were compiled from the previous study and were supplemented by data on 10-y death-censored graft survival (10yGS).

Results.

Between 19% (C3dXM) and 46% (FXM) of crossmatches were positive. Crossmatch-positive patients showed high incidences of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) within 6 mo (up to 60% in B-cell FXM+ patients). The incidence of AMR in crossmatch-negative patients ranged between 5% (FXM−) and 13% (C1qXM−). 10yGS was significantly impaired in patients with positive T-cell FXM and total FXM compared with both patients without DSA and those with DSA with negative FXM.

Conclusions.

Especially FXM are useful for risk stratification, as the outcome of DSA-positive, FXM-negative patients is similar to that of DSA-negative patients, whereas FXM-positive patients have both more AMR and decreased 10yGS. Because of their lower sensitivity, the significance of Luminex-based crossmatches, C1qXM, and C3dXM would have to be examined in patients with stronger DSA.
Post–acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Insights From the Omicron Period
Authors: Morená Leela , Al Jurdi Ayman , El Mouhayyar Christopher , Verhoeff Rucháma , Alzahrani Nora , N. Kotton Camille , V. Riella Leonardo
Published: August 2024

Background.

In solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), studies investigating post–acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are limited, and risk factors for their development require further investigation.

Methods.

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated PASC symptoms among SOTRs followed at our institutions who had COVID-19 during the Omicron period from December 28, 2021, to November 4, 2022. Participants were surveyed using a newly published PASC score containing 13 symptoms experienced for ≥30 d. PASC was defined as a score of ≥12.

Results.

Of 299 SOTRs invited, 93 completed the survey and were analyzed. The mean age was 58 y and 43% were women. Forty-six individuals (49%) reported experiencing ≥1 PASC symptom for ≥30 d, of whom 13 (14%) met the PASC definition. Multivariable analysis showed that female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.83), years from transplantation (aOR = 0.90 per additional year; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99), and tixagevimab-cilgavimab preexposure prophylaxis (aOR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.84) were associated with significantly lower odds of developing ≥1 PASC symptom.

Conclusions.

PASC symptoms are common in SOTRs infected during the Omicron period. PASC symptoms are less frequent in those with a longer time since transplant and in those who received tixagevimab-cilgavimab. New SARS-CoV-2 prevention and treatment strategies should also evaluate PASC symptoms as outcomes.
Dual transcriptional inhibition of glutamate and alanine racemase is synergistic in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: McNeil Matthew B. , Cook Gregory M. , Krause Kurt L.
Published: August 2024

Synergistic interactions between chemical inhibitors, whilst informative, can be difficult to interpret, as chemical inhibitors can often have multiple targets, many of which can be unknown. Here, using multiplexed transcriptional repression, we have validated that the simultaneous repression of glutamate racemase and alanine racemase has a synergistic interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This confirms prior observations from chemical interaction studies and highlights the potential of targeting multiple enzymes involved in mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.
Context-Aware Hierarchical Fusion for Drug Relational Learning
Authors: Lu Yijingxiu , Piao Yinhua , Lee Sangseon , Kim Sun
Published: August 2024

Drug relational learning, focused on understanding drug-pair relationships within specific contexts of interest, has emerged as a critical area of investigation for its pivotal role in enhancing the efficacy of disease treatment. The nature of drug relationships exhibits significant variations across diverse contexts, such as different types of cancer cell lines. Existing methods often encounter limitations by either neglecting the incorporation of context information or lacking explicit modeling of the intricate connections within drug-drug-context triplets, due to the difficulty in handling heterogeneous relationships between drugs and context. In this study, we present a novel context-aware hierarchical cross-fusion architecture tailored for drug relational learning. By formulating the problem as the label prediction of drug-drug-context triplets, we explicitly calculate all the relations among the triplets. Considering drugs often function as causes and contexts serve as results, our model enhances the learning of intricate drug pair relations hierarchically fusing the information from drug to context through the learned relations. Empirical results across multiple prediction tasks, including synergy, polypharmacy side effects, and drug-drug interactions, highlight the model’s capability to capture essential information relevant to drug relational learning. Notably, our model demonstrates robust predictive performance even in scenarios of heightened contextual complexity, demonstrating its adaptability in learning context-aware drug relations.

CCS CONCEPTS

•Applied computing→Bioinformatics;Molecular structural biology; •Computing methodologies→Artificial intelligence.

ACM Reference Format

Yijingxiu Lu, Yinhua Piao, Sangseon Lee, and Sun Kim. 2024. Context-Aware Hierarchical Fusion for Drug Relational Learning. InProceedings of Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (BIOKDD ‘24). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 11 pages.https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
Deep lipidomic profiling reveals sex dimorphism of lipid metabolism in fibro-calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Prabutzki Patricia , Woelk Michele , Boettner Julia , Ni Zhixu , Werner Sarah , Thiele Holger , Schiller Juergen , Buettner Petra , Schlotter Florian , Fedorova Maria
Published: August 2024

Fibro-calcific aortic valve disease (FCAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease manifesting in pathological fibro-calcific remodeling of the aortic valve (AV) leaflets, ultimately leading to aortic stenosis. Although lipid dysmetabolism is a driver of FCAVD pathogenesis, the molecular details of the AV lipidome remodeling upon fibrosis and calcification remain largely unknown. Here, we employed advanced lipidomics technologies for deep quantitative profiling of metabolic trajectories in human tricuspid and bicuspid AVs at different pathological stages. Specific extrinsic and intrinsic lipid trends, accompanying the development of fibrosis and calcification, were identified. Importantly, significant differences in lipid signatures between male and female individuals were demonstrated and were attributable to altered sphingolipid metabolism. Taken together, deep lipidomics profiling allowed to identify major molecular events and revealed a high extent of sex-dimorphism in lipidomics signatures of human FCAVD.
Value co-creation and positive online reviews: investigating the roles of customer gratitude and price fairness perception toward Egyptian hotels
Authors: Khashan Mohamed A. , Ghonim Mohamed A. , Aziz Mariam Ashraf , Alasker Thamir Hamad , Elsotouhy Mohamed M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The current study used the Stimuli-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm to analyze value co-creation and customer gratitude influence on hotel guests' online reviews. It also examines the price fairness perception moderating influence on value co-creation and consumer gratitude.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 436 customers using an Internet-based questionnaire. PLS-SEM was utilized to assess hypotheses based on WarpPLS.7 software.

Findings

The findings demonstrated that value co-creation (co-production and value in use) significantly impacted customer gratitude and willingness to post positive online reviews. Gratitude positively influenced customers’ willingness to post online reviews. Gratitude mediated the relation between value co-creation and willingness to post positive online reviews. Price fairness perception moderated the relationship between value co-creation dimensions and customer gratitude.

Originality/value

The S-O-R framework underpins this study to measure the effects of co-production and value in use (stimuli) on consumer gratitude (organisms) and willingness to post positive online reviews (response). No prior studies examined this paradigm in an emerging market like Egypt. In addition, the study investigated the fair price fairness perception as a new moderating variable. Theoretical and managerial consequences are addressed.
Analysing the home buyers’ purchasing behaviour in Bengaluru during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era through structural equation modelling
Authors: N.S. Srinivasa Reddy , Khandai Sujata
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Housing is one of the basic necessities of humankind for survival and purchasing a home is often a substantial milestone. Individuals exhibit complex behaviour influenced by various factors while making decisions related to the purchase of residential properties. While most of the earlier studies have focused on understanding the purchasing behaviour of home buyers’ in developed countries, the research is limited on this topic in developing countries such as India. The booming information technology industry has rapidly increased the demand for residential properties among the migrant population in Bengaluru, India’s largest technology hub. Real estate developers strive to meet the requirements of prospective customers through innovative ways but face challenges in a competitive market.

Design/methodology/approach

It is essential to understand the factors influencing home buyers’ purchase attitudes for increasing property sales. However, a lack of research on this subject is identified in the emerging city of Bengaluru. This study aims to analyse the determinants of home buying decisions for potential investors in Bengaluru through structural equation modelling to provide insights for the real estate industry to construct houses as per their customers’ needs.

Findings

It was found that housing amenities, financial aspects, location conveniences and marketing services significantly influenced home buyers’ purchase decisions, whereas housing features do not.

Originality/value

The findings of this study offer valuable insights for governmental bodies to implement appropriate policies and for builders to design properties with features that cater to the target population, thereby promoting sustainable growth in the real estate industry.
Transition in the mist: firm-level uncertainty perception and imitative innovation
Authors: Zor Shutter
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to construct a novel measure of firms’ perceived degree of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and to examine its impact on imitative innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses text mining methods to extract valid information for management discussion and analysis from the annual reports of Chinese A-share-listed companies from 2009 to 2021.

Findings

The empirical findings demonstrate that firms that perceive higher uncertainty in economic policies promote increased imitative innovation behaviour. In addition, when uncertainty is high, overly optimistic managers can reduce the imitative innovation of the firm to other firms.

Originality/value

The paper uses some of the more recent textual analysis techniques in the field of innovation to measure listed firms' perceptions of external EPU and to examine the impact of uncertainty on imitative innovation. Such research enriches the literature on innovation and fills some gaps.
Role of digital supply chain in promoting sustainable supply chain performance: the mediating of supply chain integration and information sharing
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Nhu Quynh Phan Vo , Behl Abhishek
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The study investigated the relationship between digital supply chain (DSC) and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) via the lens of supply chain integration (SCI) and information sharing (IS). This study concentrates more on the mediating role of SCI and IS in the link between DSC and SSCP that no research has mentioned before.

Design/methodology/approach

This research figures out how the DSC impacts the performance of the organization and the supply chain. By employing a carefully designed questionnaire to gather data, a quantitative methodology was employed. Managers at the senior and medium levels were the responders who were targeted. There are 467 valid replies gathered from the primary survey. The data results were used in the analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The findings imply that SCI’s function in the information-sharing process is crucial as it fosters cooperation, coordination and connectivity throughout the DSC. Furthermore, the study’s conclusions offer helpful information on how businesses might enhance supply chain performance through information exchange. Businesses are constantly concentrating on the role that the DSC plays as a catalyst for sustainable growth and are improving supply chain performance through SCI and information exchange.

Originality/value

This study highlights the gaps and unexplored themes in the existing literature, catalogs the DSC published in the main logistics journals and helps people recognize and appreciate this kind of work. It also has the potential to contribute to future research on SSCP. Moreover, the novelty research is further reinforced by the coverage of the newfound mechanism, where SCI and IS mediate the relationship between DSC and SSCP, directly and positively enhancing SSCP.
Optimizing live streaming engagement through store atmospheric cues: exploring prosocial behavior and social comparison—insights from streamers and viewers
Authors: Lyu Jing (Daisy) , Liang Yan Danni , Vellore Nagarajan Durga
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Live Streaming Marketing has emerged as a transformative medium, facilitating real-time product promotion and brand messaging and reshaping consumer engagement. However, knowledge of the impact of Store Atmospheric cues within live streaming contexts remains scarce. This research delves into the dynamic interplay between streamers and viewers across diverse live streaming platforms, with a focus on the impact of distinct atmospheric cues. It also seeks to explore prosocial behavior and integrate elements of social comparison theory.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 streamers and 26 viewers. Participants who were active on streaming platforms and had experience of multiple live streaming sessions were purposively identified. The thematic coding approach and NVivo 12 software were employed to gain a nuanced understanding of live streaming dynamics.

Findings

Our findings highlight the significant role of emerging atmospheric cues in shaping immersive streaming experiences and fostering prosocial behavior. Additionally, we observed three formats of upward social comparisons between streamers and viewers, wherein viewers compared themselves with streamers and peers, and streamers engaged in comparisons with more experienced counterparts. This finding contributes to a sense of digital community and positive interactions because of live streaming adoptions.

Originality/value

By extending the application of social comparison theory, this study provides valuable insights for practitioners and scholars, enriching the understanding of both streamers’ and viewers’ psychological behavior and the dynamics of virtual retail settings.
Institutional framework of earnings management in emerging economies – a systematic literature review using bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gokhale Manasi , Pillai Deepa
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The present study aims to assess the key institutional settings for earnings management (EM) in emerging economies (EE). The unique social, cultural and regulatory environment of EE provides a relevant framework for the review.

Design/methodology/approach

The study combines systematic literature review (SLR) with bibliometric analysis to analyse 251 articles extracted from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2001 to 2023. Further, cluster analysis using bibliographic coupling of highly cited articles is undertaken to ascertain key themes on EM in EE.

Findings

The study deciphers the influence of institutional transitions and differences in EE on (1) ownership structures, (2) the efficacy of accounting, auditing and governance reforms, (3) environmental and social disclosures and (4) audit quality at the firm level in defining the EM practices in these economies. It also identifies region/country-wise institutional similarities and divergences across the EE that drive the EM practices in these economies.

Practical implications

The key findings of the review provide essential guidelines for policy formulation concerning rationalization of the ownership structures, strengthening infrastructure relating to accounting and auditing practices and formalizing social and environmental practices and disclosures for effectively constraining EM in EE. The review also identifies key factors to be considered by potential investors in EE.

Originality/value

The study is one of its kind as it identifies unique country-specific institutional drivers for EM in EE and highlights region/country-wise resemblances and differences in the key institutional determinants of EM.
Effects of host plants on aphid feeding behavior, fitness, and Buchnera aphidicola titer
Authors: Liu Shen , Liu Xiao‐Bei , Zhang Tian‐Tao , Bai Shu‐Xiong , He Kang‐Lai , Zhang Yong‐Jun , Francis Frédéric , Wang Zhen‐Ying
Published: August 2024

Aphids are sap‐feeding plant pests that depend on their symbiotic relationships with the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to adapt to impoverished diets. However, how the host plant affects the aphid primary symbiont and aphid adaptation to host plant transfer are poorly known. In this study, aphid symbiont screening and genotype identification were used to establish 2 aphid strains (Rhopalosiphum maidis [Rm] and Rhopalosiphum padi [Rp] strains) containing only Buchnera without any secondary symbionts for both wheat aphid species (R. maidis and R. padi). Aphid fitness and Buchnera titers were unstable on some of these host plants after transferring to novel host plants (G1–G5), which were influenced by host plant species and generations; however, they stabilized after prolonged feeding on the same plants for 10 generations. The electropenetrography (EPG) records showed that the allocation of aphid feeding time was significantly distinct in the 6 host plants; aphids had more intracellular punctures and spent more nonprobing time on green bristlegrass which was not conducive to its growth compared with other plants. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and amino acid in the leaves of the 6 host plants were also clearly separated. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that the nutrient contents of host plants had significant correlations with aphid feeding behaviors, fitness, and Buchnera titers. In the meantime, aphid fitness, and Buchnera titers were also affected by aphid feeding behaviors. Also, Buchnera titers of aphid natural populations on 6 host plants showed a visible difference. Our study deepened our understanding of the interaction among aphids, endosymbionts, and host plants, indicating that the host plant nutrient content is a predominant factor affecting aphid adaptation to their diet, initially affecting aphid feeding behaviors, and further affecting aphid fitness and Buchnera titers, which would further contribute to exploiting new available strategies for aphid control.
Rethinking pubertal research: Embracing intersectionality
Authors: Carter Rona , Seaton Eleanor K.
Published: August 2024

Scholars acknowledge the significant role of puberty in the risks for adverse outcomes. However, we lack understanding of the relevant social and structural factors at play. Current theoretical approaches to research on puberty were posited based on the experiences of White, middle‐class girls who developed early or late, disregarding the interplay among cultural, societal, and individual factors that shape perceptions of pubescent children and their experiences. The limited focus on timing effects has failed to generate comprehensive knowledge of broader pubertal experiences. In this article, we argue that intersectional understanding can overcome current deficiencies in research on puberty. We critique the predominant theoretical approaches in pubertal research, provide an overview of the intersectionality framework, and elucidate how intersectionality can be incorporated into puberty research. We conclude with recommendations for research. In so doing, we hope the intersectionality framework allows scholars of puberty to rethink how pubertal effects are examined.
Validating an Index of Selection Bias for Proportions in Non‐Probability Samples
Authors: Hammon Angelina , Zinn Sabine
Published: August 2024

Fast online surveys without sampling frames are becoming increasingly important in survey research. Their recruitment methods result in non‐probability samples. As the mechanism of data generation is always unknown in such samples, the problem of non‐ignorability arises making vgeneralisation of calculated statistics to the population of interest highly questionable. Sensitivity analyses provide a valuable tool to deal with non‐ignorability. They capture the impact of different sample selection mechanisms on target statistics. In 2019, Andridge and colleagues proposed an index to quantify potential (non‐ignorable) selection bias in proportions that combines the effects of different selection mechanisms. In this paper, we validate this index with an artificial non‐probability sample generated from a large empirical data set and additionally applied it to proportions estimated from data on current political attitudes arising from a real non‐probability sample selected via River sampling. We find a number of conditions that must be met for the index to perform meaningfully. When these requirements are fulfilled, the index shows an overall good performance in both of our applications in detecting and correcting present selection bias in estimated proportions. Thus, it provides a powerful measure for evaluating the robustness of results obtained from non‐probability samples.
Illness perception and family resilience in gynaecologic cancer patients: A study on the mediating role of hope
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Li Min
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the level of family resilience among patients with gynaecologic cancer and explore hope as a mediator between perceptions of illness and family resilience.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Method

From May to October 2022, researchers used convenience sampling to survey 320 patients with gynaecological cancer at a level 3A hospital in Jinan City. The study instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Family Hardiness Index, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and Herth Hope Index. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyse the mediation effect of hope.

Results

The mean score for family resilience was 55.86 ± 8.62. Illness perception was negatively associated with family resilience, while hope was positively associated with it. Additionally, hope mediated the relationship between illness perception and family resilience.

Conclusion

There is considerable room for improvement in family resilience among patients with gynaecologic cancer. Interventions aimed at increasing hope can enhance family resilience.

Impact

Healthcare providers can boost family resilience by fostering hope in patients, thereby promoting effective coping and adaptation to cancer.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients primarily completed the questionnaires, providing insights into the factors that hindered and facilitated the development of family resilience. These findings were communicated to caregivers for further understanding and action.
Cost‐effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation for acquired brain injuries: Update of Stolwyk et al.'s (2019) review
Authors: Mancuso Mauro , Valentini Ilaria , Basile Michele , Bowen Audrey , Fordell Helena , Laurita Roberta , Möller Marika C. , Williams Lindy J. , Zoccolotti Pierluigi
Published: August 2024

Acquired brain injuries (ABI), resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury, cause a range of neuropsychological impairments and many patients continue to experience neuropsychological deficits years after onset. The increasing average age of the population highlights the importance of effective management strategies for the consequences of ABI. Despite the well‐documented impact of rehabilitation interventions, the cost‐effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation remains largely unknown. This study conducted a scoping review to update the findings of Stolwyk et al. (Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021, 31, 316), focusing on the economic evaluations of neuropsychological rehabilitation for individuals with ABI. Following the PIO framework, PRISMA ScR guidelines, and systematic review reporting checklist, the review screened 1027 articles and included eight studies published between 2019 and 2024. The studies encompassed either language rehabilitation or general neuropsychological programs, including neuropsychological interventions. The economic analyses, including two cost‐effectiveness, five cost‐utility, and one cost–benefit study, mostly adhered to CHEERS guidelines, enhancing the transparency and methodological rigour of their reporting. These studies demonstrated varying degrees of cost‐effectiveness for interventions targeting post‐stroke language disorders and neuropsychological rehabilitation for ABI, with significant cost savings and health benefits observed, particularly for home‐based rehabilitation interventions. The included studies suffered from a short time horizon, limiting the ability to capture the long‐term economic impacts and effectiveness of the interventions. Future research should focus on longer‐term follow‐up data and include broader search strategies to enhance understanding and optimise health care interventions. A comprehensive implementation of these economic analyses is crucial for informing policymakers, enabling them to introduce rehabilitative interventions based on solid evidence.
Perioperative Management of Pediatric Combined Heart and Liver Transplantation: A 17 year single center experience
Authors: Navaratnam Manchula , Li Emma Xi , Chen Sharon , Margetson Tristan , Wolke Olga , Ma Michael , Ebel Noelle H. , Bonham C. Andrew , Ramamoorthy Chandra
Published: August 2024

Background

An increasing number of centers are undertaking combined heart and liver transplantation in adult and pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Aim

The primary aim of this study was to describe the perioperative management of a single center cohort, identifying challenges and potential solutions.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing combined heart and liver transplantation at Stanford Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2022. Preoperative information included cardiac diagnosis, hemodynamics, and severity of liver disease. Intraoperative data included length of surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and blood products transfused. Postoperative data included blood products transfused in the intensive care unit, time to extubation, length of intensive care unit stay, survival outcomes and 30‐day adverse events.

Results

Eighteen patients underwent en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation at Stanford Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2022, and the majority 15 (83%) were transplanted for failing Fontan circulation with Fontan Associated Liver Disease. Median surgical procedure time was 13.4 [11.5, 14.5] h with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of 4.3 [3.9, 5.8] h. Median total blood products transfused in the operating room post cardiopulmonary bypass was 89.4 [63.9, 127.0] mLs/kg. Nine patients (50%) had vasoplegia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Activated prothrombin complex concentrates were used post cardiopulmonary bypass in 15 (83%) patients with a 30‐day thromboembolism rate of 22%. Median time to extubation was 4.0 [2.8, 6.5] days, median intensive care unit length of stay 20.0 [7.8, 48.3] days and median hospital length of stay 54.0 [30.5, 68.3] days. Incidence of renal replacement therapy was 11%; however, none required renal replacement therapy by the time of hospital discharge. Neurological events within 30 days were 17% and the 30 day and 1 year survival was 89%.

Conclusions

Perioperative challenges include major perioperative bleeding, unstable hemodynamics, and end organ injury including acute kidney injury and neurological events. Successful outcomes for en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation are possible with careful multidisciplinary planning, communication, patient selection, and integrated peri‐operative management.
How do polycentric governance systems adapt? The role of forums explored in Dutch metropolitan areas
Authors: Bousema Ingo , Busscher Tim , Rauws Ward , Leendertse Wim
Published: August 2024

Forums play a crucial role in how polycentric governance systems adapt by allowing actors to deliberate on how to respond to exogenous change. However, the exact role of forums remains unclear, as prior studies on polycentric governance often examine different types of actors and network structures separately. To address this issue, we combine insights from actor and network level analyses to compare how actors in three Dutch metropolitan areas use forum shifting, shopping, and linking as strategies to create and adjust forums in response to a change in national spatial policy. We find that actors create and adjust forums through a combination of strategies. Combining strategies not only helps to create and adjust forums but also legitimizes their existence. Which strategies are combined depends on the interaction between actors that are both resource rich and highly active, and how these actors are positioned in a particular polycentric governance network.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the Internet at http://www.uspto.gov.
Ultrafast studies of elusive chemical reactions in the gas phase
Authors: Dantus Marcos
Published: August 2024

The chemical composition of the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres is constantly in flux as atoms and molecules collide and interact with high-energy particles such as electrons, protons, and photons. These transformative processes ultimately lead to the coalescence of molecules and eventually the birth of stars. Our understanding of these chemical ecosystems relies on models that synthesize data from gas-phase experiments, providing insights into reaction cross sections. This Review examines efforts to delve into the fundamental bond-forming and bond-breaking dynamics that occur during bimolecular and electron-initiated reactions. These experiments involve clever approaches to establish a time reference and the collision geometry necessary for tracking atomic motion with femtosecond time resolution. Findings from these efforts enhance present models and improve predictions for molecule-molecule and electron-molecule collisions.
Do small outdoor geoengineering experiments require governance?
Authors: Jinnah Sikina , Talati Shuchi , Bedsworth Louise , Gerrard Michael , Kleeman Michael , Lempert Robert , Mach Katharine , Nurse Leonard , Patrick Hosea Olayiwola , Sugiyama Masahiro
Published: August 2024

Standardized and/or centralized proactive research governance can lessen tensions
Fast fabrication of a hierarchical nanostructured multifunctional ferromagnet
Authors: Hua Yingxin , Li Xiaohong , Li Jiaxu , Luo Xiang , Li Yuqing , Qin Wenyue , Zhang Liqiang , Xiao Jianwei , Xia Weixing , Song Ping , Yue Ming , Zhang Hai-Tian , Zhang Xiangyi
Published: August 2024

Materials with multifunctionality affect society enormously. However, the inability to surmount multiple functionality trade-offs limits the discovery of next-generation multifunctional materials. Departing from conventional alloying design philosophy, we present a hierarchical nanostructure (HNS) strategy to simultaneously break multiple performance trade-offs in a material. Using a praseodymium-cobalt (PrCo
5
) ferromagnet as a proof of concept, the resulting HNS outperforms contemporary high-temperature ferromagnets with a 50 to 138% increase in electrical resistivity while achieving their highest energy density. Our strategy also enables an exceptional thermal stability of coercivity (−0.148%/°C)—a key characteristic for device accuracy and reliability—surpassing that of existing commercial rare-earth magnets. The multifunctionality stems from the deliberately introduced nanohierarchical structure, which activates multiple micromechanisms to resist domain wall movement and electron transport, offering an advanced design concept for multifunctional materials.
A big bang theory of big brain trauma
Authors: Williams Terrie M.
Published: August 2024

One of the biggest neurophysiological science news
headlines
of the 2024 summer reported a critical link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide, and brain injury from blast events in members of the elite US fighting force, Navy SEALS. Researchers from the Department of Defense/Uniformed Services University Brain Tissue Repository (DOD/USU BTR) had discovered a border of neural damage between the layers of white and gray matter comprising the cortical folds of service members’ brains. Described as a distinctive anatomical line of
astroglial scarring
along the shared junctions of gray and white cellular zones of the brain, this tissue injury was unlike that observed for concussive brain trauma. Rather, it was consistent with blast biophysics of mammalian tissues. In this new study, the damage appears to be correlated with long-term, repeated exposure to blast waves from nearby explosions or firing weapons. A cascade of progressive unexplained behaviors, cognitive decline, and severe depression in the trained fighters ensued. This analysis suggested that repetitive, impulsive pressure waves traveling through the service members’ heads and brains with each blast had compromised their cognitive centers, setting a downward trajectory in their mental and physical health.
A deeper dive into Earth’s mantle
Authors: Hellebrand Eric
Published: August 2024

A coherent section of drilled rocks provides a mineralogical glimpse of the oceanic mantle
In Other Journals
Authors: Stern Peter , Suleymanov Yury , Ray L. Bryan , Maroso Mattia , Smith Keith T. , Uzogara Ekeoma , Szuromi Phil
Published: August 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
In sweeping geological theory, mantle waves lift up plateaus
Authors: Richter Hannah
Published: August 2024

Underground churn from ancient continental breakups can explain highlands in Brazil, India, and South Africa
Deadlier strain of mpox spreads to multiple African countries
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: August 2024

Massive outbreak of virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo spills into neighbors
Parvimonas micraorbital cellulitis complicated with cerebral venous thrombosis and mycotic aneurysm
Authors: Sak Yeow Hong , Pillai Presaad , Arthimulam Ganesan , Chia Yuen Kang
Published: August 2024

Parvimonas micrais a gram-positive anaerobic coccus typically found in the human oral cavity, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system. It occasionally causes intra-abdominal abscesses, spondylodiscitis and other infections. There are very few case reports on mycotic aneurysm related toP. micra. We describe a rare case ofP. micraorbital cellulitis complicated with meningitis, cerebral venous thrombosis and internal carotid artery mycotic aneurysm, which was successfully treated with the combination of endovascular therapy and antibiotics. Additionally, the patient received 6 months of anticoagulation therapy for cerebral venous thrombosis.