bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some New Pyridyl Diaryl Sulfides and Diaryl Sulfones.
Authors: EL‐EZBAWY S. R. , ALSHAIKH M. A.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of isonicotinaldehyde (I) with the 4‐aminodiphenyl sulfides (II) and the 4‐aminodiphenyl sulfones (VI) leads to the formation of the formimidoylpyridines (III) and (VII) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐Chlorosuccinimide with 4‐Phenyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines.
Authors: SKRASTIN'SH I. P. , LIEPIN'SH E. E. , KASTRON V. V. , DUBUR G. YA.
Published: May 2016

The dihydropyridinedicarboxylate (I) is chlorinated with NCS in alcohols to give the tetrahydropyridines (III), (IV), or (V) depending on the molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiulcer Activity of 4‐Substituted 8‐((2‐Benzimidazolyl)sulfinylmethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines and Related Compounds.
Authors: UCHIDA M. , CHIHIRO M. , MORITA S. , YAMASHITA H. , YAMASAKI K. , KANBE T. , YABUUCHI Y. , NAKAGAWA K.
Published: May 2016

The fused oxazinone (VI), prepared from the hydroxymethylaniline (I) via consecutive ring closure with diphosgene (II) and the acrylate (V), is the key precursor of the title compounds, e.g. (XIX) or (XXI).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 9‐Diazo‐4‐azafluorene with Unsaturated Compounds and Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: PROSTAKOV N. S. , VARLAMOV A. V. , ANNAN H. , FOMICHEV A. A. , GOLOVTSOV N. I. , ALIEV A. E. , RYABOVA N. A. , STASHENKO E. E.
Published: May 2016

The diazoazafluorene (I) is coupled with the activated olefins (II) or cyclohexanone (V) to yield the spirocyclopropanes (III) and (IV) or the spirocycloheptanone (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Cardiotonic Agents. Part 1. Synthesis of Some Quinazoline Derivatives.
Authors: NOMOTO Y. , OBASE H. , TAKAI H. , HIRATA T. , TERANISHI M. , NAKAMURA J. , KUBO K.
Published: May 2016

Various quinazolines, e.g. (III), (VII), or (XVI), bearing 4‐hetaryl‐substituted piperidino groups at the position 4, are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyrido(2,3‐d)pyrimidine and Pyrido(3,2‐d)pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: SOLODUCHO J.
Published: May 2016

The pyridopyrimidone (I) is converted into the corresponding chloro derivative by treatment with POCl3, subsequent reaction with the amines (II) forms the substitution products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Chromophoric and Redox‐Responsive Ionophore Containing a Tricyanovinyl Moiety.
Authors: BEER P. D. , SIKANYIKA H.
Published: May 2016

According to a reaction well known in the field of dye chemistry, TCNE (I) reacts with anilines (II) to give products (III) which are examined by UV‐VIS and cyclic voltammetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Naphtho(2,1‐b)‐1,4,5‐oxa‐ or ‐thiadiazepines as Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents.
Authors: KHALIL M. A. , HABIB N. S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the hydroxyquinone (I) with ethyl bromoacetate (II) forms the ether (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Compounds Related to 1‐tert‐Butylacetylene‐2‐phosphonic Acid and 1‐tert‐Butylethane‐1,2,2‐triphosphonic Acid. Sterically Overcrowded Phosphorus Compounds. Part 1.
Authors: HAEGELE G. + , GOUDETSIDIS S. , WILKE E. , SEEGA J. , BLUM H. , MURRAY M.
Published: May 2016

NiCl2‐promoted Michaelis‐Arbuzov reaction of 1‐tert‐butyl‐2‐chloroacetylene (I) with the trialkyl phosphites (II) leads to the formation of the phosphonic acid esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction Between Phenylmethanephosphonic Acid Diethyl Ester and Isothiocyanates.
Authors: LACHKOVA V. , PETROV G.
Published: May 2016

Consecutive treatment of diethyl phenylmethylphosphonate (I) with sodium amide (II) and the isothiocyanates (IV) results in the formation of the thioamidophenylmethylphosphonates (V) via the intermediate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Phosphorylated Aziridines.
Authors: GUBNITSKAYA E. S. , PERESYPKINA L. P. , IKSANOVA S. V. , SAMARAI L. I.
Published: May 2016

2‐Diethoxyphosphorylaziridine (I) is coupled with the phosphorochloridate (II) or the phosphorodiamidic chloride (IV) to give the title compounds (III) and (V) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine: A Convenient Synthesis and Complexation Behaviour.
Authors: MCFARLANE H. C. E. , MCFARLANE W. , MUIR A. S.
Published: May 2016

The synthesized title compound (III) is a potentially polydentate ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Classical Organo‐Lanthanoid(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity of the First Organo‐Neodymium(II) Compound.
Authors: WEDLER M. , RECKNAGEL A. , EDELMANN F. T.
Published: May 2016

The synthesized anionic Nd(II) compound (III) reveals a strongly reductive behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Dichlorodivinylbis((3H)‐imidazoline‐2‐thione)tin(IV).
Authors: GRAZIANI R. , PERUZZO V. , PLAZZOGNA G. , CASELLATO U.
Published: May 2016

The structure of the title compound (III) (space group P1, Z=1) is confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Catalysis. Part 34. Preparation and Characterization of Cationic η3,η2‐Octa‐2(E),7‐diene‐1‐yl(ligand)nickel(II) Complexes (Ni(C8H13)L)X (X: PF6, BF4; L: P(III) Ligand) as Catalysts for the Stereospecific Butadiene Polymerization.
Authors: TAUBE R. , GEHRKE J.‐P. , BOEHME P. + , KOETTNITZ J. +
Published: May 2016

A series of the title complexes such as (IV) are prepared as outlined in the scheme or, in the case of (IVa), also via the transient formed, isolated corresponding η3,η1‐octa‐2(E),6(Z)‐ or η3,η3‐octa‐2(E),6(E)‐diene‐1,8‐diyl(phosphine) complexes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Carboxylate Dimers of Ruthenium.
Authors: BARRAL M. C. , JIMENEZ‐APARICIO R. , RIAL C. , ROYER E. , SAUCEDO M. J. , URBANOS F. A.
Published: May 2016

The reactivity of the tetrakis(carboxylato)diruthenium core in (III) toward axial ligands is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Cyclopalladated N‐Nitrosoanilines with SnIV Reagents. Crystal Structure of the Bis‐Cyclopalladated Complex cis‐Pd(ONN(CH3)(C6H4))2.
Authors: ALBINATI A. , AFFOLTER S. , PREGOSIN P. S.
Published: May 2016

A series of cyclopalladated N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosoanilines of the type (III) is prepared as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Oxidative Additions of Silanes to (Ir2(CO)3(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2) to Yield Silylene‐Bridged Dihydride Complexes.
Authors: MCDONALD R. , COWIE M.
Published: May 2016

The silylene‐bridged dihydride complexes (III) ((IIIc): space group P3121, Z=3) and (V) (P21/c, Z=4) are readily obtained as the final products of the binuclear oxidative addition of two Si‐H bonds of the appropriate silanes (II) and (IV) to (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8β‐Methyltestololactone.
Authors: FERNANDEZ MATEOS A. , DE PASCUAL TERESA J. , RUBIO GONZALEZ R.
Published: May 2016

The key step in the synthesis of the title compound (+)‐(VII) is the stereoselective construction of ring D (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Acetic Acid Reduction of the Steroid 4‐En‐3‐one: Novel Conversion of the 4‐En‐3‐one into the 2‐En‐4‐one via a Vinyl Chloride.
Authors: TEMPLETON J. F. , MAJID S. , MARR A. , MARAT K.
Published: May 2016

As a part of metabolic studies, the 4‐en‐3‐ones (I) are treated with Zn/AcOH to give the vinyl chlorides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Amino Acid Isomers of a Natural Substrate of the Enzyme γ‐Glutamyl‐amino Acid Cyclotransferase. Synthesis of (3S)‐3‐Aminoglutaryl‐(S)‐alanine and (3R)‐3‐Aminoglutaryl‐(S)‐alanine.
Authors: CROSSLEY M. J. , FISHER M. L. , POTTER J. J. , KUCHEL P. W. , YORK M. J.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (VI) and (‐)‐(VIII) are potential inhibitors of the title enzyme.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Synthesis of the First Flavonoid‐ and Stilbene‐Related But‐2‐enolides.
Authors: BEZUIDENHOUDT B. C. B. , SWANEPOEL A. , BRANDT E. V. , FERREIRA D.
Published: May 2016

The novel title compounds (V) and (VII) are isolated from the heartwood of Pericopsis elata.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of the Chemical Ring Contraction of Kaurenolides to Gibberellins.
Authors: ALAM M. , HANSON J. R.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the sulfonate ester (I) with LiAlH4, undertaken in connection with a study of gibberellin biosynthetic intermediates, is found to lead to ring contraction with concomitant formation of a 6‐epi derivative (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Phaseic Acid.
Authors: ABRAMS G. D. , ABRAMS S. R. , NELSON L. A. K. , GUSTA L. V.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (XI), a metabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid, is prepared in a highly stereoselective manner following the pathway shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelating Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) Rhodium Complexes: Versatile Catalysts for Hydrosilylation Reactions.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. Q. , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Kobayashi Shu
Published: May 2016

Newly‐developed chelating N‐heterocyclic carbene‐rhodium complexes catalyze the formal reductive methylation of amines using CO2, the hydrosilylation of amides and carboxylic acids, and the reductive alkylation of amines using carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenyliodine(III) Bis(trifluoroacetate) Mediated Synthesis of 6‐Piperidinylpurine Homo‐N‐nucleosides Modified with Isoxazolines or Isoxazoles.
Authors: Balalas Thomas , Peperidou Catherine , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra J. , Litinas Konstantinos E.
Published: May 2016

Compounds (IIIa), (IIIe), and (IX) show lipid peroxidation inhibition of 91%, 92% and 68%, while compounds (IIId), (Va), and (IX) display 41‐44% inhibition of lipoxygenase.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd@Pt Core—Shell Nanoparticles with Branched Dandelion‐Like Morphology as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Olefin Reduction.
Authors: Datta Kasibhatta Josena , Datta Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha , Gawande Manoj B. , Ranc Vaclav , Cepe Klara , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke , Varma Rajender S. , Zboril Radek
Published: May 2016

The catalyst is prepared by treatment of Na2PdCl4, K2PtCl6 and Pluronic P123 with ascorbic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed O‐Methylation of Carboxylic Acids Using DMSO as a Methyl Source.
Authors: Jia Jing , Jiang Qing , Zhao An , Xu Bin , Liu Qiang , Luo Wei‐Ping , Guo Can‐Cheng
Published: May 2016

A wide range of aryl/alkylacetic acid methyl esters is environmentally friendly prepared using DMSO as convenient methyl donor and as solvent and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Nano‐Gold‐Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Amines with Paraformaldehyde in Water under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Ke Zhengang , Zhang Yan , Cui Xinjiang , Shi Feng
Published: May 2016

Nanosized gold particles supported on Al2O3 are used as a recyclable catalyst for the N‐formylation of primary and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Acidic Transformation of Allylic Menthene Sulfoxides into Saturated Sulfones.
Authors: Ishmuratov Gumer Yu. , Tukhvatshin Vadim S. , Yakovleva Marina P. , Vakulin Ivan V. , Muslukhov Rinat R. , Pasko Pavel A. , Talipov Rifkat F.
Published: May 2016

The oxidation of menthene sulfides (I) with H2O2 yields the corresponding unsaturated sulfones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization/C—O Bond Cleavage of Benzyl Silyl Ethers with Ynamides for the Chemoselective Synthesis of Skeletally Diverse Compounds.
Authors: Chen Ling , Yu Lian , Deng Yuan , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Zheng , Cao Jian , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: May 2016

The Lewis acid‐promoted annulation of ynamides and benzyl silyl ethers gives access to 1‐amidoindenes via C—H functionalization of benzyl silyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 1‐Pyrroline Skeletons by Lewis Acid‐Mediated Conjugate Addition of Vinyl Azides.
Authors: Zhu Xu , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: May 2016

The reaction of vinyl azides with 3‐alkylidene‐2‐oxoindolines affords compounds (III) whereas 4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrroles are obtained by the reaction of vinyl azides with malonates (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Organohalogenite‐Catalyzed Spiroketalization: Enantioselective Synthesis of Bisbenzannulated Spiroketal Cores.
Authors: Xue Jijun , Zhang Hongrui , Tian Tian , Yin Keshu , Liu Dongxue , Jiang Xianxing , Li Ying , Jin Xiaojie , Yao Xiaojun
Published: May 2016

A new core structure‐motivated strategy for the intramolecular aromatic spiroketalization process is used for the enantioselective synthesis of bisbenzannulated spiroketals, the bioactive core of rubromycins, with high enantioselectivities (up to 98% e.e.) via an organohalogenite‐mediated asymmetric intramolecular aromatic spiroketalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrode Instead of Catalyst and Enzyme. A Greener Protocol for the Synthesis of New 2‐Hydroxyacetamide Derivatives Containing a γ‐Lactone Ring.
Authors: Maleki Abbas , Nematollahi Davood , Rasouli Fereshteh , Zeinodini‐Meimand Azam
Published: May 2016

Anodic oxidation at the surface of a carbon anode is used for the synthesis of 9 title compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Betaine Mediated Synthesis of Annulated Dihydrofurans from Oxobis(methylthio)ketene Acetals and N‐Butyl‐N′‐methyl Ethane‐1,2‐diamine as Precursors via NHC Elimination.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Maurya Shivam , Pratap Kemant , Srivastava Suman
Published: May 2016

A reactive intermediate betaine is generated using two new precursors oxobis(methylthio)‐ketene acetals and N‐butyl‐N′‐methyl ethane‐1,2‐diamine, for the synthesis of annulated heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolizidines by an Organocatalytic and Pot‐Economy Strategy.
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hsin , Hong Bor‐Cherng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang
Published: May 2016

Unsaturated aldehydes react via a sequence of asymmetric Michael esterification—reduction—amination—lactamization.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazoles via Cascade [3,3]‐Propargylic Rearrangement/[4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinylindoles and Propargylic Esters.
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Arpini Elisa , Dell'Acqua Monica , Vicente Ruben , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: May 2016

Highly substituted tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives are obtained in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Induced Formal [3 + 2] Cyclization of ortho‐Aminoaryl‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes: Facile Synthesis of Furoquinoline and Thienoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Liu‐Zhu , Hu Xu‐Bo , Xu Qin , Shi Min
Published: May 2016

A novel and efficient synthetic protocol to access furoquinoline and thienoquinoline derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation and Trapping of Thioimidates: An Intermolecular Tandem Reaction to 4‐Acylimino‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazines.
Authors: Steinebach Christian , Schulz‐Fincke Anna‐Christina , Schnakenburg Gregor , Guetschow Michael
Published: May 2016

The title compounds are prepared by proton‐catalyzed transformation of 2‐thioureidobenzonitriles (I) via treatment with acyl donors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazine Derivatives via [4 + 2] Domino Annulation Reactions in One Pot.
Authors: Tang Dong , Wang Jing , Wu Ping , Guo Xin , Li Ji‐Hui , Yang Sen , Chen Bao‐Hua
Published: May 2016

The title triazines are prepared starting from easily available materials including ketones, aldehydes, alkynes, secondary alcohols, and alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach Towards the Synthesis of Selenosemicarbazones, Useful Compounds for Chagas′ Disease.
Authors: Pizzo Chiara , Faral‐Tello Paula , Yaluff Gloria , Serna Elva , Torres Susana , Vera Ninfa , Saiz Cecilia , Robello Carlos , Mahler Graciela
Published: May 2016

Eleven selenosemicarbazones are prepared with low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Psychotrimine: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 2‐(N‐Indolyl) Amides.
Authors: Watson Emma L. , Ball Anthony , Raw Steven A. , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: May 2016

Depending on the reaction conditions, 2‐(N‐indolyl) amides undergo selectively either enolate arylation to give oxindoles or direct arylation to give indolo‐fused benzodiazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Homojesterones: Vinylogous Analogues of Jesterone from Helminthosporium velutinum TS28
Authors: Arayama Miki , Uesugi Shota , Tanaka Kazuaki , Maeda Hayato , Nehira Tatsuo , Kimura Ken‐ichi , Hashimoto Masaru
Published: May 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of trans‐ and cis‐homojesterones
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in 1,3,5‐Triazepines Chemistry
Authors: Elattar Khaled M. , Mert Basak Dogru , Abozeid Mohamed A. , El‐Mekabaty Ahmed
Published: May 2016

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: MoV Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Schubert Moritz , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2016

Review: [survey on the superior performance of Mo(V) reagents, in particular MoCl5, in oxidative coupling reactions of aryl systems; 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes, Versatile Unsaturated Motifs in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Lledo A. , Pla‐Quintana A. , Roglans A.
Published: May 2016

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Era for Homolytic Aromatic Substitution: Replacing Bu3SnH with Efficient Light‐Induced Chain Reactions
Authors: Gurry Michael , Aldabbagh Fawaz
Published: May 2016

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Transformations of α‐Amino Acids via Palladium‐Catalyzed Auxiliary‐Directed Sp3 C—H Functionalization
Authors: He Gang , Wang Bo , Nack William A. , Chen Gong
Published: May 2016

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Propargyl Vinyl Ethers and Tertiary Skipped Diynes: Two Pluripotent Molecular Platforms for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Tejedor David , Lopez‐Tosco Sara , Mendez‐Abt Gabriela , Cotos Leandro , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando
Published: May 2016

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton Transfer Reactions in Apolar Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Sen Gupta Susanta K.
Published: May 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Containing Calix[4]resorcinols: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Knyazeva Irina R. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michael A. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: May 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone: A Versatile Synthon in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: May 2016

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Experimental Methods for Characterizing Protein‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Qing , Wang Renxiao
Published: May 2016

Review: 260 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on ROCK‐II Inhibitors: From Molecular Modelling to Synthesis
Authors: Shah Surmil , Savjani Jignasa
Published: May 2016

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prospects of Graphene as a Potential Carrier‐Transport Material in Third‐Generation Solar Cells
Authors: Islam Ashraful , et al.
Published: May 2016

Review: [93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Hybrid Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Chuanliang , He Wen , Zhang Xudong , Shen Jianxing , Ma Jingyun
Published: May 2016

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials
Authors: Goossens Karel , Lava Kathleen , Bielawski Christopher W. , Binnemans Koen
Published: May 2016

Review: 1208 refs.
Building text classifiers using positive, unlabeled and ‘outdated’ examples
Authors: Han Jiayu , Zuo Wanli , Liu Lu , Xu Yuanbo , Peng Tao
Published: May 2016

Learning from positive and unlabeled examples (PU learning) is a partially supervised classification that is frequently used in Web and text retrieval system. The merit of PU learning is that it can get good performance with less manual work. Motivated by transfer learning, this paper presents a novel method that transfers the ‘outdated data’ into the process of PU learning. We first propose a way to measure the strength of the features and select the strong features and the weak features according to the strength of the features. Then, we extract the reliable negative examples and the candidate negative examples using the strong and the weak features (Transfer‐1DNF). Finally, we construct a classifier called weighted voting iterative support vector machine (SVM) that is made up of several subclassifiers by applying SVM iteratively, and each subclassifier is assigned a weight in each iteration. We conduct the experiments on two datasets: 20 Newsgroups and Reuters‐21578, and compare our method with three baseline algorithms: positive example‐based learning, weighted voting classifier and SVM. The results show that our proposed method Transfer‐1DNF can extract more reliable negative examples with lower error rates, and our classifier outperforms the baseline algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrathyroidal oxyphilic parathyroid carcinoma: A potential diagnostic caveat in cytology?
Authors: Wong Yin Ping , Sharifah Noor Akmal , Tan Geok Chin , Gill Anthony James , Ali Syed Z.
Published: May 2016

Oxyphilic (oncocytic) parathyroid lesions are very uncommon and their cytological features are rarely described. Due to the similarities in anatomical location and indistinguishable cytomorphological features, these lesions are easily confused with neoplastic and non‐neoplastic thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration (FNA). The diagnosis becomes more challenging in cases of unusual intrathyroidal location of the parathyroid lesions in the absence of clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism, which simulate thyroid nodules clinically. We describe a case of intrathyroidal oxyphilic parathyroid carcinoma in a 66‐year‐old female, who presented with a dominant left “thyroid” nodule. FNA smears were cellular, comprising predominantly of oxyphilic cells arranged in papillary‐like architecture with occasional nuclear grooves, which was mistaken for oncocytic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The histological diagnosis of oxyphilic parathyroid “adenoma” was made following total thyroidectomy. The tumor, unfortunately, recurred 7 years later with associated multiple lung metastases. When dealing with thyroid lesions comprising predominantly of oncocytic cells, one should consider oxyphilic parathyroid neoplasms as one of the differential diagnosis. In difficult equivocal cases, a panel of immunocytochemical stains (PTH, GATA3, TTF‐1, PAX8, and thyroglobulin) can be helpful. In addition, a combination of valuable clinical, radiological, and laboratory data, including serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels are key to arriving at an accurate cytological diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:688–692. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Critical Look at Entropy‐Based Gene‐Gene Interaction Measures
Authors: Lee Woojoo , Sjölander Arvid , Pawitan Yudi
Published: May 2016

Several entropy‐based measures for detecting gene‐gene interaction have been proposed recently. It has been argued that the entropy‐based measures are preferred because entropy can better capture the nonlinear relationships between genotypes and traits, so they can be useful to detect gene‐gene interactions for complex diseases. These suggested measures look reasonable at intuitive level, but so far there has been no detailed characterization of the interactions captured by them. Here we study analytically the properties of some entropy‐based measures for detecting gene‐gene interactions in detail. The relationship between interactions captured by the entropy‐based measures and those of logistic regression models is clarified. In general we find that the entropy‐based measures can suffer from a lack of specificity in terms of target parameters, i.e., they can detect uninteresting signals as interactions. Numerical studies are carried out to confirm theoretical findings.
Detecting Gene–Environment Interactions for a Quantitative Trait in a Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Zhang Pingye , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Conti David , Morrison John L. , Gauderman W. James
Published: May 2016

A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) typically is focused on detecting marginal genetic effects. However, many complex traits are likely to be the result of the interplay of genes and environmental factors. These SNPs may have a weak marginal effect and thus unlikely to be detected from a scan of marginal effects, but may be detectable in a gene–environment (G × E) interaction analysis. However, a genome‐wide interaction scan (GWIS) using a standard test of G × E interaction is known to have low power, particularly when one corrects for testing multiple SNPs. Two 2‐step methods for GWIS have been previously proposed, aimed at improving efficiency by prioritizing SNPs most likely to be involved in a G × E interaction using a screening step. For a quantitative trait, these include a method that screens on marginal effects [Kooperberg and Leblanc, 2008] and a method that screens on variance heterogeneity by genotype [Paré et al., 2010] In this paper, we show that the Paré et al. approach has an inflated false‐positive rate in the presence of an environmental marginal effect, and we propose an alternative that remains valid. We also propose a novel 2‐step approach that combines the two screening approaches, and provide simulations demonstrating that the new method can outperform other GWIS approaches. Application of this method to a G × Hispanic‐ethnicity scan for childhood lung function reveals a SNP near the MARCO locus that was not identified by previous marginal‐effect scans.
Infrazygomatico‐coronoid fixation in a segmental mandibular reconstruction with a free vascularized flap: A simple and correct repositioning method without interfering with reconstructive and microsurgical procedures
Authors: Yoshimura Hitoshi , Ohba Seigo , Yasuta Masato , Nakai Kunihiro , Fujieda Shigeharu , Sano Kazuo
Published: May 2016

Background

In a segmental mandibular reconstruction with a free vascularized flap, reproducing the optimal relationship between the condyle and glenoid fossa, and maintaining correct occlusion are important. We examined the practicality of a repositioning technique that combined bone plate fixation of the infrazygomatic crest and the coronoid process (infrazygomatico‐coronoid fixation [IZCF]) with maxillo‐mandibular fixation (MMF).

Methods

Eight patients were treated with this method. To investigate masticatory function, the status of the dental and temporomandibular joints were examined, and a food scale questionnaire was administered.

Results

IZCF and MMF resulted in correct repositioning of the segmented mandibles and enabled accurate reconstructions. Most patients recovered to be able to ingest the same preoperative food in scale with stable occlusion.

Conclusion

This method is a simple and correct repositioning method without interfering with reconstructive and microsurgical procedures. We propose this technique as a reliable method for obtaining a functional outcome in mandibular reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Adult attention and interaction can increase moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity in young children
Authors: Zerger Heather M. , Normand Matthew P. , Boga Verena , Patel Rutvi R.
Published: May 2016

Evidence suggests that physical inactivity is prevalent among young children. To combat this, one recommendation for caregivers is to become actively involved in their child's physical activities. However, this general recommendation does not specify how or when a parent should become involved. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a functional analysis to identify a social consequence that would increase the moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exhibited by preschool‐aged children, and then to compare the effects of that social consequence when it was provided contingent on MVPA and when provided independent of MVPA. The results of the functional analyses indicated that 3 of 7 children were most active when attention or interactive play was provided contingent on MVPA. Results of the intervention analysis suggested that caregivers of young children should provide attention or interactive play contingent on MVPA when those consequences are identified as reinforcers in a functional analysis.
Effect of underlap length variation on DC/RF performance of dual material cylindrical MOS
Authors: Jena B. , Dash S. , Mishra G.P.
Published: May 2016

Significant down‐scaling of device dimension has made cylindrical gate MOSFET (CG‐MOS), a cutting edge device for low power applications. But in order to sustain the competition for real‐time devices, it should have improved RF performances as well. In this paper, an analytical model of dual material cylindrical gate MOSFET (DMCG‐MOS) with underlap engineering has been developed using the solution of 2‐D Poisson's equation. The electrical parameters such as surface potential, threshold voltage and drain current are determined and compared with that of conventional CG‐MOS. The effect of the variation of underlap length on the DC/RF performance of the model has been extensively discussed. The results show improvement in the performance of threshold voltage, leakage current and transconductance generation factor (TGF) with the introduction of underlap at the drain end. On the contrary, the model with source underlap exhibits better drain current and higher cut‐off frequency. The analytical results are validated using Sentaurus TCAD device simulator. The improvement in DC and RF performance of this model would address emerging challenges posed by high frequency and low power applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earlier effect of alendronate in mouse metaphyseal versus diaphyseal bone healing
Authors: Sandberg Olof , Bernhardsson Magnus , Aspenberg Per
Published: May 2016

Healing of injured cancellous bone is characterized by a transient stage of rapid bone formation throughout the traumatized bone volume, often followed by similarly rapid resorption. This is different from the slower diaphyseal healing via an external callus. We, therefore, hypothesized that antiresorptive treatment might have an earlier positive effect in cancellous bone healing than in diaphyseal fractures. One hundred and twenty‐three male C57bl6 mice received either an internally stabilized diaphyseal osteotomy of the femur or a screw inserted into the tibial metaphysis. The mice were randomized to daily alendronate injections (200 μg/kg/day), or control injections, and killed for mechanical testing after 14, 21, or 28 days. The hypothesis was tested by a three‐way Anova (time, site, and drug). The ultimate force was increased by bisphosphonate treatment in both models. There was a significant interaction between time, site, and drug (p < 0.001) so that the full positive effect of alendronate was evident in the metaphysis at 14 days, but first after 28 days in the diaphysis. While the early effect in the metaphysis might be translated into earlier healing, the late effect in the diaphysis was due to delayed remodeling of the callus, which might have less clinical importance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:793–799, 2017.
Assessing Tacit Knowledge and Sharing Intention: A Knowledge Internalization Perspective
Authors: Wipawayangkool Kamphol , Teng James T. C.
Published: May 2016

Because of the scarcity of research on knowledge internalization, a powerful means for acquiring tacit knowledge which is an intellectual asset critical to sustainable competitive advantage of an organization, this study develops a construct of knowledge internalization and examines its nomological validity. We define knowledge internalization as the process in which an individual relies on various cognitive mechanisms to transform his or her declarative knowledge into actionable procedural knowledge. Analyzing data collected from 259 knowledge workers, we found that knowledge internalization is a second‐order formative construct comprising organization and structure, mental models, efficiency, automaticity, and metacognition dimensions. The effect of knowledge internalization on intention to share knowledge is fully mediated by expert power and knowledge self‐efficacy. The effect of knowledge internalization on expert power is partially mediated by knowledge self‐efficacy. This study contributes to the literature by offering an elaborated construct of knowledge internalization and establishing its nomological validity in the knowledge sharing phenomenon. The developed measure of knowledge internalization can be tailored to assess employees' tacit knowledge in organizations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment microbial communities rely on different dissolved organic matter sources along a Mediterranean river continuum
Authors: Freixa A. , Ejarque E. , Crognale S. , Amalfitano S. , Fazi S. , Butturini A. , Romaní A. M.
Published: May 2016

Heterotrophic bacteria play a key role in the degradation of organic matter and carbon cycling in river sediments. These bacterial communities are directly influenced by environmental variables that differ spatially and temporally in rivers. Here, we studied the longitudinal patterns of sediment bacterial community composition and dissolved organic matter utilization under base flow and drought conditions in a Mediterranean river. Our results indicated that sediment microbial communities were affected by dissolved organic matter quality and origin along the river continuum. In headwaters the potential degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose was greater (i.e., higher β‐glucosidase and β‐xylosidase activities), suggesting higher microbial utilization of allochthonous detritus from terrestrial origin. Conversely, the accumulation and transport of more recalcitrant compounds (i.e., decrease in the recalcitrant index) became potentially relevant downstream. Furthermore, discharge fluctuations had clear effects on bacterial community composition and dissolved organic matter use. The hydrological fragmentation of the river continuum during drought period generated sediment microhabitats dominated by gamma and delta‐Proteobacteria, with a greater potential capacity to degrade a wide range of compounds, particularly nitrogen containing moieties. During base flow conditions, we observed a higher occurrence of alpha‐Proteobacteria and a greater potential use of more recalcitrant carbon compounds, mostly of terrestrial origin. Overall, our findings suggest an upstream‐downstream longitudinal transition of sediment microbial communities that rely on allochthonous to autochthonous dissolved organic matter, and a shift toward autochthonous dissolved organic matter reliance during drought.
Organic alkalinity produced by phytoplankton and its effect on the computation of ocean carbon parameters
Authors: Ko Young Ho , Lee Kitack , Eom Ki Hyuk , Han In‐Seong
Published: May 2016

In seawater dissolved organic acids produced by phytoplankton dissociate into conjugate bases and an amount of hydrogen ions that maintain electroneutrality, leaving the seawater alkalinity (AT) unchanged. However, the resulting conjugate bases react with protons during seawater titration and thereby contribute to the titration alkalinity (AT−ORG) whereas the contributions of other species (e.g.,
,
) to AT are proportionally lowered. Production of such dissolved organic acids was confirmed in each of six phytoplankton cultures and in a coastal environment. In phytoplankton monocultures with initial concentrations of ∼70 μM nitrate and ∼5 μM phosphate, the contribution of organic acids to the seawater alkalinity (AT−ORG) was found to be 15−40 μmol kg−1 on the complete consumption of added nutrients, with the magnitude of AT−ORG depending on the phytoplankton species involved. In the coastal environment the contribution of AT−ORG was as high as 15 μmol kg−1. Analysis of back titration data of culture and coastal samples further enabled identification of the functional groups responsible, which included two distinct charge groups (pKa1 = 4.4−4.9; pKa2 = 6.1−6.9). Thus, if the effect of organic acids on seawater AT is not accounted for, the concentrations of inorganic carbon components calculated from pairs of carbon parameters, including AT, will be inaccurate in culture studies and in studies of productive coastal environments.
New conservative finite volume element schemes for the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Yan Jinliang , Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhiyue
Published: May 2016

In this paper, three conservative finite volume element schemes are proposed and compared for the modif ied Korteweg–de Vries equation, especially with regard to their accuracy and conservative properties. The schemes are constructed basing on the discrete variational derivative method and the finite volume element method to inherit the properties of the original equation. The theoretical analysis show that three schemes are conservative under suitable boundary conditions as well as unconditionally linear stability. Numerical experiments are given to confirm the theoretical results and the capacity of the proposed methods for capturing the solitary wave phenomena. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projector operators in clustering
Authors: Bagarello Fabio , Cinà Marco , Gargano Francesco
Published: May 2016

In a recent paper, the notion of quantum perceptron has been introduced in connection with projection operators. Here, we extend this idea, using these kind of operators to produce a clustering machine, that is, a framework that generates different clusters from a set of input data. Also, we consider what happens when the orthonormal bases first used in the definition of the projectors are replaced by frames and how these can be useful when trying to connect some noised signal to a given cluster. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniature low profile UWB antenna: New techniques for bandwidth enhancement and radiation pattern stability
Authors: Addaci R. , Fortaki T.
Published: May 2016

A miniature (30 × 10 mm2) efficient planar monopole antenna with stable radiation pattern for UWB applications (3.1–10.6 GHz) is proposed in this paper. These characteristics, wide bandwidth and radiation stability, are achieved by using original design solutions with maintaining a small size and good efficiency of the system. Based on modified ground plane and loop feeding structure, the first design solution consist to propose a simple technique which not requires any discrete additional elements or circuits and does not affect the overall dimensions of the basic structure. This technique enhances the (−6 dB) bandwidth of the planar monopole antenna by approximately 50% compared to the basic structure while maintaining the same dimension (30 × 10 mm2). The optimized proposed antenna presents a large bandwidth, good radiation stability, total efficiency higher than 70% over the entire band and small size (30 × 10 mm2) which will enable to use it in different UWB applications. In the second step, two L slots are added in the printed circuit board of the proposed UWB antenna to reach a good stability of the radiation pattern on the overall desired band. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1808–1813, 2016
The design and application of the tripole array metamaterial unitary cell
Authors: Guelber E. F. , Silva M. W. B. , Capovilla C. E. , Araujo H. X.
Published: May 2016

Periodic structures are widely used in order to provide different behavior on devices that operate in high frequencies. Some of them, are capable to change the constitutive parameters ε and µ, so that, the incident wave can assume a different behavior. Therefore, in this work, the tripole array is presented as an alternative tool to improve the performance of microwave systems, in terms of bandwidth, gain and resonance frequency. The equivalent circuit method in conjunction with the full‐wave simulation method was used in order to characterize the tripole array topology, for normal and oblique incidence. Measurements and simulated results are compared. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1786–1790, 2016
Uncertainty analysis for material measurements using the vector network analyzer
Authors: Shoaib Nosherwan , Sellone Marco , Brunetti Luciano , Oberto Luca
Published: May 2016

This article presents the characterization measurements and related uncertainty evaluation of a non‐magnetic material using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at microwave frequencies. The permittivity of the material under test is computed from the scattering parameters (S‐parameters). The aim of the work is to highlight the different uncertainty contributions affecting the permittivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1841–1844, 2016
A broadband perpendicular E‐plane waveguide‐to‐suspended stripline transition
Authors: Nikravan M. A. , Kwon D.‐H.
Published: May 2016

A perpendicular E‐plane transition between rectangular waveguide (WG) and suspended stripline (SSL) in the Ku‐band is presented. The topology of coupling network is studied and design guidelines are provided. A 10‐dB return loss bandwidth (BW) of 12% was obtained using a patch resonator on a double‐sided single‐layer dielectric substrate combined with a cavity behind the resonator of a very shallow depth as low as 1 mm for a compact design. An insertion loss of 0.18 dB at 13.8 GHz was achieved in the measurement of a back‐to‐back SSL–WG–SSL transition. Comparison of the measured performances with the state‐of‐the‐art WG transitions to SSL shows a 1.5 times improvement in frequency bandwidth and a three times reduction in electrical dimensions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1831–1834, 2016
A 60‐GHz multi‐beam antenna array design by using MHMICs technology
Authors: Erfani Elham , Moldovan Emilia , Tatu Serioja
Published: May 2016

The integration feasibility of two technologies including Miniaturized Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit (MHMIC) and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) are experimentally demonstrated at millimeter wave frequencies through the design of a switched beam antenna array. A 1 × 4 array of aperture coupled patch antennas etched on a RO5880 substrate is fed by a 4 × 4 butler matrix etched on a piece of high permittivity ceramic substrate. By using the proposed combined fabrication technologies, the feeding part on the ceramic substrate can be easily integrated with MMIC active component, while the radiation part is individually improved. Comparison of simulated and measured results show that the proposed switched beam antenna offers a −10 dB matching bandwidth of 6 GHz ranging from 58 GHz to 64 GHz and a multi beam radiation pattern which is focused in 45°, 15°, −15°, −45° directions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1844–1847, 2016
Investigations of triple band artificial magnetic conductor back plane with UWB antenna
Authors: Kumar Pandey Gaurav , Shankar Singh Hari , Kumar Meshram Manoj
Published: May 2016

A triple band polarization insensitive compact artificial magnetic conductor (PI‐AMC) structure is investigated as a back plane of a compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna in low profile configuration for the performance analysis. The AMC bands observed about 4, 7.2, and 10.5 GHz. The AMC bands can be tuned independently with the help of the PI‐AMC shape parameters. With the use of the PI‐AMC as a back plane for an UWB monopole antenna, the lower operating frequency decreased compared to the PEC back plane. Further, radiation in the forward direction and gain improvement over the UWB is observed due to AMC back plane. The details of the design, simulation, and measurement of the proposed PI‐AMC structure and UWB antenna with PI‐AMC structure are presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1900–1906, 2016
A compact wideband filter designed on single one‐third equilateral triangular cavity
Authors: Zheng C. Y. , Xu F.
Published: May 2016

A one‐third triangular resonator with two electric walls and two virtual magnetic walls is used to realize a compact wideband bandpass filter. This structure is fulfilled by taking out an isosceles or equilateral triangular resonator of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) version and therefore, it is called one‐third‐mode substrate integrated resonator (OTMSIR). Based on one single cavity, a quadruple‐mode technique is used to design a compact filter by adding an elliptical metallic via‐hole and using detected ground structure (DGS). Finally, a 12.6 GHz bandwidth planar quadruple‐mode filter is fabricated and tested. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1993–1996, 2016
Residential Segregation from Generation to Generation: Intergenerational Association in Socio‐Spatial Context Among Visible Minorities and the Majority Population in Metropolitan Sweden
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Katz Katarina , Österberg Torun
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we investigate to what degree young adults live in neighbourhoods that are similar, in terms of relative average household income, to the neighbourhoods in which they grew up. We use regression analysis on register data for all individuals who were born in 1974 and lived in metropolitan Sweden in both 1990 and 2006. During this period, the distribution of income in Sweden became far more unequal, unemployment rose dramatically, earlier housing policies were dismantled, the share of ‘visible minorities’ increased dramatically, and residential segregation increased very considerably. We find a correlation between average neighbourhood incomes at these two points in the sample's life cycle of 0.44, which is more than three times as high as the household income correlation. We also find that half of the children of ‘visible minorities’ grew up in the poorer quartile of neighbourhoods, and of these, almost two‐thirds remained in the poorest quartile of neighbourhoods as adults. Several measures indicate that intergenerational persistency in context is lower in metropolitan Sweden than was found in a similar study in the US. However, it appears that if visible minority individuals lived in a neighbourhood in the lowest part of the distribution in Sweden as a child, the probability that they will do so also as adults is as high as the corresponding probability for an African‐American person in the US. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational regulation in blood stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp.: systems‐wide studies pave the way
Authors: Vembar Shruthi Sridhar , Droll Dorothea , Scherf Artur
Published: May 2016

The malaria parasite Plasmodium spp. varies the expression profile of its genes depending on the host it resides in and its developmental stage. Virtually all messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed in a monocistronic manner, with transcriptional activation regulated at the epigenetic level and by specialized transcription factors. Furthermore, recent systems‐wide studies have identified distinct mechanisms of post‐transcriptional and translational control at various points of the parasite lifecycle. Taken together, it is evident that ‘just‐in‐time’ transcription and translation strategies coexist and coordinate protein expression during Plasmodium development, some of which we review here. In particular, we discuss global and specific mechanisms that control protein translation in blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, once a cytoplasmic mRNA has been generated, and its crosstalk with mRNA decay and storage. We also focus on the widespread translational delay observed during the 48‐hour blood stage lifecycle of P. falciparum—for over 30% of transcribed genes, including virulence factors required to invade erythrocytes—and its regulation by cis‐elements in the mRNA, RNA‐processing enzymes and RNA‐binding proteins; the first‐characterized amongst these are the DNA‐ and RNA‐binding Alba proteins. More generally, we conclude that translational regulation is an emerging research field in malaria parasites and propose that its elucidation will not only shed light on the complex developmental program of this parasite, but may also reveal mechanisms contributing to drug resistance and define new targets for malaria intervention strategies. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:772–792. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1365

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Translation > Translation Regulation