bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the shadow of the Saint Bartholomew’s massacre: justice for victims and the negotiations for peace, 1572–1575
Authors: Greengrass Mark
Published: October 2022

This article examines the negotiations between Henri III and Protestant delegates in April–May 1575. Although they did not lead to the hoped-for pacification of the civil wars that had begun in the wake of the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, the surviving, detailed journal of the discussions, emanating probably from the leading Protestant negotiator, gives us an insight into the way the massacre overshadowed their deliberations. The article focuses on the demands for justice for the victims of the events of 1572 and the discussions that ensued. They enable us to see how the massacre was a negotiating counter, and to explain why, ultimately, there would be no justice for the victims.
Time-domain poroelastic full-waveform inversion of shallow seismic data: methodology and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Bohlen Thomas
Published: October 2022

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is considered as a high-resolution imaging technique to recover the geophysical parameters of the elastic subsurface from the entire content of the seismic signals. However, the subsurface material properties are less well estimated with elastic constraints, especially for the near-surface structure, which usually contains fluid contents. Since Biot theory has provided a framework to describe seismic wave propagations in the poroelastic media, in this work, we propose an algorithm for the 2-D time-domain (TD) poroelastic FWI (PFWI) when the fluid-saturated poroelastic equations are applied to carve the physical mechanism in the shallow subsurface. To detect the contribution of the poroelastic parameters to shallow seismic wavefields, the scattered P-SV&SH wavefields corresponding to a single model parameter are derived explicitly by Born approximation and shown numerically afterward. The Fréchet kernels are also derived and exhibited in P-SV&SH schemes to analyse the sensitivities of the objective function to different poroelastic parameters. Furthermore, we verify the accuracy of the derivations through model parameter reconstructions. We perform a series of numerical tests on gradients with respect to different model parameters to further evaluate inter-parameter trade-offs. PFWI holds potential possibilities to directly invert fluid-related physical parameters of the shallow subsurface.
A naive Bayesian method to chase mantle plumes in global tomography models
Authors: Van Camp M , de Viron O , Ferreira A M G , Verhoeven O
Published: October 2022

This study provides a quantitative approach to search for mantle plumes in global seismic tomography models without any preconceived notions about the associated mantle velocity anomalies, other than the assumption that the plumes are not significantly deflected horizontally by more than 6°, anywhere in the mantle. We design identification tests with a reasonable detection threshold while keeping false alarms at a level lower than 5 per cent. This is based on a naive Bayesian clustering analysis, which is possible thanks to the varimax principal component analysis that provides components of the tomography models that are much more independent than the original number of depth slices in the models. We find that using such independent components greatly reduces detection errors compared to using an arbitrary number of depth slices due to correlations between the different slices. We detect a wide range of behaviour of the seismic velocity profiles underneath the hotspots investigated in this study. Moreover, we retrieve locations away from hotspots that have similar seismic velocity profile signatures to those underneath some hotspots. Hence, it is not possible to obtain a unique definition of seismic velocity anomalies that are associated with hotspots and thus care needs to be taken when searching for mantle plumes beneath hotspots using prior assumptions about the velocity anomalies that might be associated with them. On the other hand, we establish a probability distribution of the seismic velocity profiles that is specific to a sublist of hotspots. Overall, the mantle plume zones identified in our analysis do not appear to surround the Africa and Pacific large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs), but are rather within them. This rules out the idea that LLSVPs correspond to compact, dense piles with mantle plumes rising from their edges. Instead, our analysis suggests two possible options that either the LLSVPs: (1) correspond to bundles of thermochemical mantle plumes or (2) are made up of compact piles topped by a bundle of plumes.
From serial reproduction to serial communication: transmission of the focus of comparison in lay communication about gender inequality
Authors: Braun Maike , Martiny Sarah , Bruckmüller Susanne
Published: October 2022

We introduce and explore the potential of the serial communication method, a modification of the serial reproduction paradigm in which participants communicate their own thoughts. It affords participants more agency, more closely simulating real communication. We specifically examined the transmission of the focus of comparison in explanations of gender inequality, a consequential form of equivalency framing. Participants in Wave 1 (n = 86) read about women being underrepresented (focus on women) or men being overrepresented in leadership (focus on men), then explained this difference. Participants in Wave 2 (n = 208) and Wave 3 (n = 199) then read randomly selected explanations from the preceding wave before giving their own explanations. The initial focus affected subsequent communication and was partially transmitted to Wave 2, but not Wave 3. We discuss implications and the value of the method for research on the framing of inequality, cultural transmission, and competing frames.
Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Bently Lionel , Sherman Brad , Gangjee Dev , Johnson Phillip
Published: October 2022

Intellectual Property Law provides a detailed analysis of intellectual property law with reference to a wide range of academic opinion, giving a broad context for exploring the key principles of the subject. The book covers a number of areas of intellectual property law including copyright, patents, the legal regulation of designs, trade marks and passing off, confidential information, misuse of private information, and litigation and remedies. In this sixth edition, the introduction has been updated to take account of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union. Important developments covered include CJEU decisions on the concept of a copyright work, communication to the public, digital exhaustion and defences, and the Court of Appeal’s analysis of joint authorship.
2. Introduction To Copyright
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides an introduction to copyright and the history and functions of copyright law, as well as international and European trends and developments that have influenced copyright law in the UK. It first considers ‘author’s rights’ and ‘neighbouring rights’ before turning to justifications that have been put forward for copyright, with particular reference to arguments invoking natural rights, rewards and incentives, neoliberal economics, and the ‘democratic paradigm’. The chapter also examines the seven significant treaties that have influenced British copyright law as well as European directives that have had an important and growing impact on British copyright law, including the Software Directive, the Related Rights Directive, and the Information Society Directive.
20. Internal Requirements for Patentability
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter deals with the internal requirements for patentability (that is, the focus is on the way the patent is drafted). It first discusses the sufficiency of disclosure, with particular reference to the scope of the patent monopoly, the ‘technical contribution’ made by the invention, and whether the invention is disclosed in a manner that is clear and complete enough for it to be performed by a person skilled in the art. It then turns to the form and content of the claims, with emphasis on the clarity and conciseness of the claims, whether they are supported by the description, and whether they relate to one invention. It also considers the requirement that the patent must not be amended to prevent it from acquiring additional subject matter or extending the protection conferred by the patent, along with restrictions on such amendments.
21. Ownership
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the issue of patent ownership and the related question of who is entitled to be granted the patent. It begins by considering aspects of British law dealing with ownership and who is properly entitled to the grant of a patent as well as the remedies available where the wrong person has applied for a patent or a patent has been granted to the wrong person. It then analyses in detail who counts as an inventor, issues surrounding inventions allegedly produced by artificial intelligence, joint inventors, and entitlement issues that arise in relation to inventions created by employees.
28. Ownership, Exploitation, and Infringement: Registered Designs and Supplementary Unregistered Designs
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on who is entitled to apply for a design registration as well as the rules relating to ownership and exploitation with respect to registered designs in the UK and unregistered Community designs. It also discusses infringement and exceptions in the three harmonized systems. It begins by considering the question of who is initially entitled to a design, citing entitlement under the UK Registered Designs Act 1949. It then turns to assignment and licensing, the optimal period of protection for a design, and the British approach to infringement. Finally, the chapter examines exceptions and defences that are available when dealing with design protection.
35. Trade Mark Registration
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the process of registration for trade marks in the United Kingdom, including changes introduced by the UK leaving the EU, as well as international protection. It begins by explaining the procedures and documentation needed in filing trade mark applications at the national and international levels, while outlining the examination process. After considering national registration, the international filing systems established under the Madrid Agreement on the International Registration of Marks of 1891 and the Madrid Protocol of 1989 are described. The chapter concludes by presenting possible avenues through which to acquire trade mark protection.
38. Relative Grounds for Refusal
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on ‘relative grounds’ for denying an application to register a trade mark as set out in section 5 of the Trade Marks Act 1994. It identifies ‘earlier trade marks’ and ‘earlier rights’ before turning to the tests which allow a prior mark to oppose the registration of a subsequent one. First, it reviews the so-called double identity ground, where an identical (later) mark is applied for, in the context of identical products. Second, it considers when likelihood of confusion may be established. Third, it surveys three situations referred to collectively as ‘dilution’, where the later mark may mentally evoke the earlier one in a way that is not confusing, yet still wrongful. It also explains the ‘advertising function’ of a trade mark, along with requirements relating to reputation and ‘due cause’. Finally, the chapter discusses relevant provisions governing unregistered trade marks, copyright, and the various design rights.
46. Breach and Defences
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the defences available where a duty of confidence has been breached. It begins by considering the scope of the obligation that must be ascertained to determine whether the duty of confidence has been breached. It then discusses three factors for a breach of confidence to occur: derivation, the defendant’s state of mind, and whether the breach has caused damage. The chapter also tackles secondary liability for breach of confidence before concluding with an examination of the implementation of the Trade Secrets Directive.
A gene regulatory network approach harmonizes genetic and epigenetic signals and reveals repurposable drug candidates for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Manuel Astrid M , Dai Yulin , Jia Peilin , Freeman Leorah A , Zhao Zhongming
Published: October 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex dysimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 233 genetic variations associated with MS at the genome-wide significant level. Epigenetic studies have pinpointed differentially methylated CpG sites in MS patients. However, the interplay between genetic risk factors and epigenetic regulation remains elusive. Here, we employed a network model to integrate GWAS summary statistics of 14 802 MS cases and 26 703 controls with DNA methylation profiles from 140 MS cases and 139 controls and the human interactome. We identified differentially methylated genes by aggregating additive effects of differentially methylated CpG sites within promoter regions. We reconstructed a gene regulatory network (GRN) using literature-curated transcription factor knowledge. Colocalization of the MS GWAS and methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) was performed to assess the GRN. The resultant MS-associated GRN highlighted several single nucleotide polymorphisms with GWAS-mQTL colocalization: rs6032663, rs6065926 and rs2024568 of CD40 locus, rs9913597 of STAT3 locus, and rs887864 and rs741175 of CIITA locus. Moreover, synergistic mQTL and expression QTL signals were identified in CD40, suggesting gene expression alteration was likely induced by epigenetic changes. Web-based Cell-type Specific Enrichment Analysis of Genes (WebCSEA) indicated that the GRN was enriched in T follicular helper cells (P-value = 0.0016). Drug target enrichment analysis of annotations from the Therapeutic Target Database revealed the GRN was also enriched with drug target genes (P-value = 3.89 × 10−4), revealing repurposable candidates for MS treatment. These candidates included vorinostat (HDAC1 inhibitor) and sivelestat (ELANE inhibitor), which warrant further investigation.
Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gattuso James J , Perkins Daniel , Ruffell Simon , Lawrence Andrew J , Hoyer Daniel , Jacobson Laura H , Timmermann Christopher , Castle David , Rossell Susan L , Downey Luke A , Pagni Broc A , Galvão-Coelho Nicole L , Nutt David , Sarris Jerome
Published: October 2022

Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well as profound psychological and mystical experiences. A grouping of interconnected brain regions characterized by increased temporal coherence at rest have been termed the Default Mode Network (DMN). The DMN has been the focus of numerous studies assessing its role in self-referencing, mind wandering, and autobiographical memories. Altered connectivity in the DMN has been associated with a range of neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. To date, several studies have investigated how psychedelics modulate this network, but no comprehensive review, to our knowledge, has critically evaluated how major classical psychedelic agents—lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and ayahuasca—modulate the DMN. Here we present a systematic review of the knowledge base. Across psychedelics there is consistent acute disruption in resting state connectivity within the DMN and increased functional connectivity between canonical resting-state networks. Various models have been proposed to explain the cognitive mechanisms of psychedelics, and in one model DMN modulation is a central axiom. Although the DMN is consistently implicated in psychedelic studies, it is unclear how central the DMN is to the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelic agents. This article aims to provide the field with a comprehensive overview that can propel future research in such a way as to elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of psychedelics.
TIM-3: a tumor-associated antigen beyond checkpoint inhibition?
Authors: Barth Stefan , Naran Krupa
Published: October 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are one of the most remarkable immunomodulatory therapies of current times. Sabatolimab is a high-affinity, humanized anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody currently in development for patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. By targeting TIM-3, a receptor expressed on various immune effector cells as well as myeloid cells, multiple mechanisms of action that are distinct from canonical immune checkpoint inhibitors are in play – (i) blockade of TIM-3 and its ligands PtdSer/galectin-9, (ii) modulation of leukemic cell self-renewal as well as (iii) antibody-dependent phagocytosis of TIM-3–expressing leukemic cells. Novel immunotherapies such as sabatolimab which enhance the antitumor immune response on converging fronts represent the promise of a continuously replenished armoury for the treatment of cancer.
Tablet distribution to veterans: an opportunity to increase patient portal adoption and use
Authors: Griffin Ashley C , Troszak Lara K , Van Campen James , Midboe Amanda M , Zulman Donna M
Published: October 2022

Objective

Examine whether distribution of tablets to patients with access barriers influences their adoption and use of patient portals.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included Veterans Affairs (VA) patients (n = 28 659) who received a VA-issued tablet between November 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021. Tablets included an app for VA’s My HealtheVet (MHV) portal. Veterans were grouped into 3 MHV baseline user types (non-users, inactive users, and active users) based on MHV registration status and feature use pre-tablet receipt. Three multivariable models were estimated to examine the factors predicting (1) MHV registration among non-users, (2) any MHV feature use among inactive users, and (3) more MHV use among active users post-tablet receipt. Differences in feature use during the 6 months pre-/post-tablet were examined with McNemar chi-squared tests of proportions.

Results

In the 6 months post-tablet, 1298 (8%) non-users registered for MHV, 525 (24%) inactive users used at least one MHV feature, and 4234 (46%) active users increased feature use. Across veteran characteristics, there were differences in registration and feature use post-tablet, particularly among older adults and those without prior use of video visits (P < .01). Among active users, use of all features increased during the 6 months post-tablet, with the greatest differences in viewing prescription refills and scheduling appointments (P < .01).

Conclusion

Providing patients who experience barriers to in-person care with a portal-enabled device supports engagement in health information and management tasks. Additional strategies are needed to promote registration and digital inclusion among inactive and non-users of portals.
Phenotypic relationship and repeatability of methane emissions and performance traits in beef cattle using a GreenFeed system
Authors: Ryan Clodagh V , Pabiou Thierry , Purfield Deirdre C , Conroy Stephen , Kirwan Stuart F , Crowley John J , Murphy Craig P , Evans Ross D
Published: October 2022

Rumen methanogenesis results in the loss of 6% to 10% of gross energy intake in cattle and globally is the single most significant source of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. The purpose of this study was to analyze greenhouse gas traits recorded in a commercial feedlot unit to gain an understanding into the relationships between greenhouse gas traits and production traits. Methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) data recorded via multiple GreenFeed Emission Monitoring (GEM), systems as well as feed intake, live weight, ultrasound scanning data, and slaughter data were available on 1,099 animals destined for beef production, of which 648 were steers, 361 were heifers, and 90 were bulls. Phenotypic relationships between GEM emission measurements with feed intake, weight traits, muscle ultrasound data, and carcass traits were estimated. Utilization of GEM systems, daily patterns of methane output, and repeatability of GEM system measurements across averaging periods were also assessed. Methane concentrations varied with visit number, duration, and time of day of visit to the GEM system. Mean CH4 and CO2 varied between sex, with mean CH4 of 256.1 g/day ± 64.23 for steers, 234.7 g/day ± 59.46 for heifers, and 156.9 g/day ± 55.98 for young bulls. A 10-d average period of GEM system measurements were required for steers and heifers to achieve a minimum repeatability of 0.60; however, higher levels of repeatability were observed in animals that attended the GEM system more frequently. In contrast, CO2 emissions reached repeatability estimates >0.6 for steers and heifers in all averaging periods greater than 2-d, suggesting that cattle have a moderately consistent CO2 emission pattern across time periods. Animals with heavier bodyweights were observed to have higher levels of CH4 (correlation = 0.30) and CO2 production (correlation = 0.61), and when assessing direct methane, higher levels of dry matter intake were associated with higher methane output (correlation = 0.31). Results suggest that reducing CH4 can have a negative impact on growth and body composition of cattle. Methane ratio traits, such as methane yield and intensity were also evaluated, and while easy to understand and compare across populations, ratio traits are undesirable in animal breeding, due to the unpredictable level of response. Methane adjusted for dry matter intake and liveweight (Residual CH4) should be considered as an alternative emission trait when selecting for reduced emissions within breeding goals.
Protective Effect of Nebulized Heparin in the Animal Models of Smoke Inhalation Injury: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Experimental Studies
Authors: Sang Lu , Guo Xiaoqin , Zhao Yuchen , Shi Jie , Niu Zhifang , Wu Zhenlong , Hou Shike , Fan Haojun , Lv Qi
Published: October 2022

The pathophysiological mechanism of abnormal coagulation can result from smoke inhalation injury (SII). Heparin nebulization is a common treatment for lung disorders. This study aimed to use meta-analysis in animal models to examine the effectiveness of atomized heparin on SII. For our online searches, we used the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Database up to January 2022. Data for SII were retrieved and compared to control animals. The studies’ findings were determined by combining standardized mean difference (SMD) analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The findings showed that as compared to the control group, the heparin-treated group had a lower death rate (relative risk 0.42; 95% CI 0.22, 0.80; p < .05). The meta-analysis demonstrated favorable changes in lung physiology, including PaO2/FiO2 (SMD 1.04; 95% CI 0.65, 1.44; p < .001), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (SMD −1.83; 95% CI −2.47, −1.18; p < .001), and pulmonary shunt Qs/Qt (SMD −0.69; 95% CI −1.29, −0.08; p < .05) after heparin nebulization for lung injury. The present data indicated that pulmonary artery mean pressure in the heparin therapy group was significantly lowered after 24 and 48 hours of therapy, suggesting that the cardiovascular system could recover following heparin treatment. As a result, heparin nebulization appeared to be more effective against SII and improved cardiopulmonary function compared to the control group.

Graphical Abstract
Synergistic Effect of Silk Sericin and Curcumin to Treat an Inflammatory Condition
Authors: Ashraaf Sehrish , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Raza Chand , Awad Ezzat M , Ali Shaukat , Khan Shafaat Yar , Barisani-Asenbauer Talin
Published: October 2022

Inflammation-related diseases are recognized as the major cause of morbidity around the globe. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of sericin, curcumin, and their mixture was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Edema was induced via 1% carrageenan and then sericin (0.03, 0.06, 0.09 mg/ml), curcumin (1%, 2%, 3%), and their mixture doses were applied topically. The paw circumference and thickness were measured after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-hour post-carrageenan injection. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were measured from the serum. In mice fibroblast cells, sericin (20, 40, 60 μg/ml), curcumin (5, 10, 20 μM), and mixture concentrations were applied and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Afterward, the cells were used for the analysis of gene expression, and the supernatant was collected for protein expression of IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10. Our results demonstrated that sericin and curcumin caused a dose-dependent reduction in edema, whereas the mixture-treated group reduced the paw thickness and circumference most significantly (p = .0001). Furthermore, the mixture treatment of carrageenan-inflicted group increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 (650.87 pg/ml) and IL-10 (183.14 pg/ml), in comparison to the carrageenan control. The in vitro data revealed that among all the treatment doses, the mixture-treated group has effectively reduced the gene (1.13-fold) and protein (51.9 pg/ml) expression of IL-1β in comparison to McCoy cells stimulated with LPS. Moreover, mixture treatment elevated the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at genes (4.3-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively) and protein levels (169.33 and 141.83 pg/ml, respectively). The current study reports the enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of curcumin and sericin through modulating expressions of interleukins in vitro and in vivo. Thus, natural products (curcumin and sericin)-based formulations have greater potential for clinical investigations.
Evaluation of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) (Rosales: Cannabaceae) as an Alternative Host Plant for Polyphagous Noctuid Pests
Authors: Arey Nathan C , Lord Nathan P , Davis Jeffrey A
Published: October 2022

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a reemerging crop in the United States with increasing outdoor acreage in many states. This crop offers a potential host for polyphagous, defoliating lepidopteran pests currently present in Louisiana. The ability of soybean looper [Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)] to develop and reproduce on hemp was investigated in this study. Insects were reared on two hemp varieties, Maverick and Pipeline, as well as documented host plants soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Fabales: Fabaceae) variety UA5414RR and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] (Fabales: Fabaceae) variety Quickpick Pinkeye. Larvae of all three species reared on ‘Maverick’ had significantly faster preadult developmental times compared to the other hosts. Chrysodeixis includens larvae fed excised leaves of ‘Maverick’ and ‘Pipeline’ experienced higher intrinsic and finite rates of increase, higher net reproductive rates, and faster mean generation and doubling times. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae reared on ‘Maverick’, ‘Pipeline’, and ‘UA5414RR’ had higher intrinsic and finite rates of increase, higher net reproductive rates, and faster mean generation and doubling times compared to ‘Quickpick Pinkeye’. Spodoptera exigua larvae had the highest survivorship on ‘Maverick’ and similar, positive lifetable statistics when reared on ‘Maverick’ and ‘Pipeline’. The results of this study indicate hemp is an alternative host plant that has the potential to influence the population dynamics of C. includens, S. frugiperda, and S. exigua in Louisiana agroecosystems they co-occur in.
Population Growth Performance of Arma custos (Faricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) at Different Temperatures
Authors: Wang Jie , Mu Yinlin , Yang Can , Yang Lin , Zhang Changhua , Yu Huiping , Chang Zhimin , Long Jiankun , Chen Xiangsheng
Published: October 2022

Arma custos (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a natural predator that can control various agricultural and forestry pests. This study aimed to clarify the effects of temperature on the growth, reproduction, and population of the predator and to simulate its population growth. Using the age–stage, two-sex life table method, 18°C, 22°C, 26°C, 30°C, and 34°C were selected as the temperature conditions. A. custos can complete its life cycle at 18°C–30°C, and the developmental duration of each A. custos stage, adult pre-oviposition period, total pre-oviposition period, and the mean generation time (T) were shortened with the increase in temperature. The pre-adult mortality was significantly reduced at 26°C and 30°C. In addition, the fecundity of a single female and the gross reproductive rate were the highest at 30°C. Significant differences were observed in the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) under different temperature conditions, and both reached the maximum at 30°C. Results showed that adult A. custos raised at 26°C had a longer lifespan and the fecundity was higher at 30°C in comparison with the other temperatures. This study is the first to report the life cycle of A. custos at different temperatures, and the results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the indoor artificial reproduction, outdoor release, and colonization of A. custos.
Inclusion of a core patient-reported outcomes battery in adolescent and young adult cancer clinical trials
Authors: Roth Michael E , Parsons Susan K , Ganz Patricia A , Wagner Lynne I , Hinds Pamela S , Alexander Sarah , Bingen Kristin , Bober Sharon L , Brackett Julienne , Cella David , Henry N Lynn , Indelicato Daniel J , Johnson Rebecca H , Miller Tamara P , Rosenberg Shoshana M , Schmitz Kathryn H , Thanarajasingam Gita , Reeve Bryce B , Salsman John M
Published: October 2022

Disparities in care, treatment-related toxicity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years) with cancer are under-addressed partly because of limited collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cancer clinical trials (CCTs). The AYA years include key developmental milestones distinct from younger and older patients, and cancer interrupts attainment of critical life goals. Lack of consensus on a standardized approach to assess HRQoL and treatment-related toxicity in AYA CCTs has limited the ability to improve patient outcomes. The National Cancer Institute’s Clinical Trials Network AYA PRO Task Force was assembled to reach consensus on a core set of PROs and foster its integration into AYA CCTs. Eight key considerations for selecting the core PRO AYA battery components were identified: relevance to AYAs; importance of constructs across the age continuum; prioritization of validated measures; availability of measures without licensing fees; availability in multiple languages; applicability to different cancer types and treatments; ability to measure different HRQoL domains and toxicities; and minimized burden on patients and sites. The Task Force used a modified Delphi approach to identify key components of the PRO battery. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and the PRO Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Measurement System met all criteria and were selected to assess HRQoL and treatment toxicity, respectively. Investigators are rapidly incorporating the recommendations of the Task Force into AYA trials. Inclusion of a standardized assessment of HRQoL and treatment toxicities in AYA CCTs is a vital first step to develop interventions to improve health outcomes for AYAs diagnosed with cancer.
The Visceral Adiposity Index Is a Better Predictor of Excess Visceral Fat in Military Pilots: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Ravani José Pedro Rodrigues , Sbaffi Bruna Carvalho , Monteiro Aline Cardozo , Carrocino Karina Martins Costa , Doimo Leonice Aparecida , Ferreira Fabrícia Geralda
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to cardiometabolic risk. Estimating it using the visceral adiposity index (VAI) could identify this risk in the Brazilian Air Force (BAF) aviator population. The aim here is to verify the predictive capacity of the VAI for identifying visceral fat areas compared to traditional obesity indicators in BAF pilots.

Materials and Methods

Forty male BAF pilots were recruited. The study was conducted in two stages: the first applied a structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and identify sedentary behavior and the second obtained nutritional, anthropometric, and body composition data, carrying out biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging tests and investigating physical activity level in this stage. The comparison of the predictive capacity of the VAI with that of other adiposity indicators (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist–height ratio, waist–hip ratio, and neck circumference) for detecting increased VAT and the determination of the optimal cutoff points for the different adiposity indicators were carried out using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves. An association was verified between the adiposity indicators and excess visceral fat using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance.

Results

The VAI presented a better predictive capacity for VAT (area under the ROC curve = 0.941), while the BMI did not present diagnostic accuracy (95% CI < 0.5). The strength of the association with high visceral fat was also greater for the VAI than for the other indicators evaluated.

Conclusions

The VAI was shown to be a better predictor of excess VAT in relation to the other indicators studied. As it is a more easy-access and lower-cost technique than resonance, it enables greater applicability in tracing and monitoring the visceral obesity of a large contingent of military personnel.
Kinematics of the Local Group gas and galaxies in the hestia simulations
Authors: Biaus Luis , Nuza Sebastián E , Richter Philipp , Sparre Martin , Scannapieco Cecilia , Damle Mitali , Sorce Jenny G , Grand Robert J J , Tempel Elmo , Libeskind Noam I , Hani Maan H
Published: October 2022

We investigate the kinematic properties of gas and galaxies in the Local Group (LG) using high-resolution simulations performed by the hestia (High-resolution Environmental Simulations of The Immediate Area) collaboration. Our simulations include the correct cosmography surrounding LG-like regions consisting of two main spiral galaxies of ∼1012 M⊙, their satellites and minor isolated galaxies, all sharing the same large-scale motion within a volume of a few Mpc. We characterize the gas and galaxy kinematics within the simulated LGs, from the perspective of the Sun, to compare with observed trends from recent HST/COS absorption-line observations and LG galaxy data. To analyse the velocity pattern of LG gas and galaxies seen in the observational data, we build sky maps from the local standard of rest, and the Galactic and LG barycentre frames. Our findings show that the establishment of a radial velocity dipole at low/high latitudes, near the preferred barycentre direction, is a natural outcome of simulation kinematics for material outside the Milky Way virial radius after removing Galaxy rotation when the two main LG galaxies are approaching. Our results favour a scenario where gas and galaxies stream towards the LG barycentre producing a velocity dipole resembling observations. While our study shows in a qualitative way the global matter kinematics in the LG as part of its ongoing assembly, quantitative estimates of gas-flow rates and physical conditions of the LG gas have to await a more detailed modelling of the ionization conditions, which will be presented in a follow-up paper.
ALMACAL IX: Multiband ALMA survey for dusty star-forming galaxies and the resolved fractions of the cosmic infrared background
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Ivison R J , Zwaan Martin A , Smail Ian , Klitsch Anne , Péroux Céline , Popping Gergö , Biggs Andrew D , Szakacs Roland , Hamanowicz Aleksandra , Lagos Claudia
Published: October 2022

Wide, deep, blind continuum surveys at submillimetre/millimetre (submm/mm) wavelengths are required to provide a full inventory of the dusty, distant Universe. However, conducting such surveys to the necessary depth, with sub-arcsec angular resolution, is prohibitively time-consuming, even for the most advanced submm/mm telescopes. Here, we report the most recent results from the ALMACAL project, which exploits the ‘free’ calibration data from the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) to map the lines of sight towards and beyond the ALMA calibrators. ALMACAL has now covered 1001 calibrators, with a total sky coverage around 0.3 deg2, distributed across the sky accessible from the Atacama desert, and has accumulated more than 1000 h of integration. The depth reached by combining multiple visits to each field makes ALMACAL capable of searching for faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), with detections at multiple frequencies to constrain the emission mechanism. Based on the most up-to-date ALMACAL data base, we report the detection of 186 DSFGs with flux densities down to S870 µm ∼ 0.2 mJy, comparable with existing ALMA large surveys but less susceptible to cosmic variance. We report the number counts at five wavelengths between 870 μm and 3 mm, in ALMA bands 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, providing a benchmark for models of galaxy formation and evolution. By integrating the observed number counts and the best-fitting functions, we also present the resolved fraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) and the CIB spectral shape. Combining existing surveys, ALMA has currently resolved about half of the CIB in the submm/mm regime.
Production of hot Jupiter candidates from high-eccentricity mechanisms for different initial planetary mass configurations
Authors: Garzón H , Rodríguez Adrián , de Elía G C
Published: October 2022

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are giant planets with orbital periods of the order of a few days with semimajor axis within ∼0.1 au. Several theories have been invoked in order to explain the origin of this type of planets, one of them being the high-eccentricity migration. This migration can occur through different high-eccentricity mechanisms. Our investigation focused on six different kinds of high-eccentricity mechanisms, namely, direct dispersion, coplanar, Kozai–Lidov, secular chaos, E1 and E2 mechanisms. We investigated the efficiency of these mechanisms for the production of HJ candidates in multiplanet systems initially tightly-packed in the semimajor axis, considering a large set of numerical simulations of the exact equations of motion in the context of the N-body problem. In particular, we analyzed the sensitivity of our results to the initial number of planets, the initial semimajor axis of the innermost planetary orbit, the initial configuration of planetary masses, and to the inclusion of general relativity (GR) effects. We found that the E1 mechanism is the most efficient in producing HJ candidates both in simulations with and without the contribution of GR, followed by the Kozai–Lidov and E2 mechanisms. Our results also revealed that, except for the initial equal planetary mass configuration, the E1 mechanism was notably efficient in the other initial planetary mass configurations considered in this work. Finally, we investigated the production of HJ candidates with prograde, retrograde, and alternating orbits. According to our statistical analysis, the Kozai–Lidov mechanism has the highest probability of significantly exciting the orbital inclinations of the HJ candidates.
Dust extinction map of the Galactic plane based on the VVV survey data
Authors: Zhang M , Kainulainen J
Published: October 2022

Dust extinction is one of the most reliable tracers of the gas distribution in the Milky Way. The near-infrared (NIR) Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey enables extinction mapping based on stellar photometry over a large area in the Galactic plane. We devise a novel extinction mapping approach, XPNICER, by bringing together VVV photometric catalogues, stellar parameter data from StarHorse catalogues, and previously published X percentile and PNICER extinction mapping techniques. We apply the approach to the VVV survey area, resulting in an extinction map that covers the Galactic disc between 295° ≲ l ≲ 350° and −2° ≲ b ≲ 2°, and the Galactic bulge between −10° ≲ b ≲ 5°. The map has 30 arcsec spatial resolution and it traces extinctions typically up to AV ∼ 10–20 mag and maximally up to AV ∼ 30 mag. We compare our map to previous dust-based maps, concluding that it provides a high-fidelity extinction-based map, especially in its ability to recover both the diffuse dust component of the Galaxy and moderately extincted giant molecular cloud regions. The map is especially useful as independent, extinction-based data on the Galactic dust distribution and applicable for a wide range of studies from individual molecular clouds to the studies of the Galactic stellar populations.
Efficient analysis routines for single and double peaked Type 2 AGN spectra
Authors: Selwood M , Calderone G , Fotopoulou S , Bremer M N
Published: October 2022

Driven by the imminent need to rapidly process and classify millions of AGN spectra drawn from next generation astronomical facilities, we present a spectral fitting routine for Type 2 AGN spectra optimized for high volume processing, using the quasar spectral fitting library (qsfit). We analyse an optically selected sample of 813 luminous Type 2 AGN spectra at z < 0.83 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to qualify its performance. We report a median narrow line H α/H β Balmer decrement of 4.5 ± 0.8, alluding to the presence of dust in the narrow line region (NLR). We publish a specialized qsfit fitting routine for high signal-to-noise ratio spectra and general fitting routine for double peaked Type 2 AGN spectra applied on a subsample of 45 spectra from our parent sample. We report a median red and blue peak velocity separation of 390 ± 60 kms−1. No trend is found for red or blue peaks to exhibit systematically different luminosity or ionization properties. Emission line diagnostics show that the double peaks in all sources are illuminated by an AGN-powered ionizing continuum. Finally, we examine the morphology of host galaxies of our double peaked sample. We find double peaked Type 2 AGN reside in merging systems at a comparable frequency to single peaked AGN. This suggests that the double peaked AGN phenomenon is likely to have a bi-conical outflow origin in the majority of cases. We publicly release the code used for spectral analysis and produced catalogues used in this work.
The sweep method for radiative transfer in arepo
Authors: Peter Toni , Klessen Ralf S , Kanschat Guido , Glover Simon C O , Bastian Peter
Published: October 2022

We introduce the radiative transfer code Sweep for the cosmological simulation suite arepo. Sweep is a discrete ordinates method in which the radiative transfer equation is solved under the infinite speed of light, steady state assumption by a transport sweep across the entire computational grid. Since arepo is based on an adaptive, unstructured grid, the dependency graph induced by the sweep dependencies of the grid cells is non-trivial. In order to solve the topological sorting problem in a distributed manner, we employ a task-based-parallelism approach. The main advantage of the sweep method is that the computational cost scales only with the size of the grid and is independent of the number of sources or the distribution of sources in the computational domain, which is an advantage for radiative transfer in cosmological simulations, where there are large numbers of sparsely distributed sources. We successfully apply the code to a number of physical tests such as the expansion of H ii regions, the formation of shadows behind dense objects, the scattering of light, and its behaviour in the presence of periodic boundary conditions. In addition, we measure its computational performance with a focus on highly parallel, large-scale simulations.
A kinematic excess in the annular gap and gas-depleted cavity in the disc around HD 169142
Authors: Garg H , Pinte C , Hammond I , Teague R , Hilder T , Price D J , Calcino J , Christiaens V , Poblete P P
Published: October 2022

We present ALMA band 6 images of the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2-1 line emissions for the circumstellar disc around HD 169142, at ∼8 au spatial resolution. We resolve a central gas-depleted cavity, along with two independent near-symmetric ring-like structures in line emission: a well-defined inner gas ring [∼25 au] and a second relatively fainter and diffuse outer gas ring [∼65 au]. We identify a localized super-Keplerian feature or vertical flow with a magnitude of ∼75 ms−1 in the 12CO map. This feature has the shape of an arc that spans azimuthally across a position angle range of −60° to 45° and radially in between the B1[26au] and B2[59au] dust rings. Through reconstruction of the gas surface density profile, we find that the magnitude of the background perturbations by the pressure support and self-gravity terms are not significant enough to account for the kinematic excess. If of planetary origin, the relative depletion in the gas-density profile would suggest a 1 MJ planet. In contrast, the central cavity displays relatively smooth kinematics, suggesting either a low-mass companion and/or a binary orbit with a minimal vertical velocity component.
The role of physical and numerical viscosity in hydrodynamical instabilities
Authors: Marin-Gilabert Tirso , Valentini Milena , Steinwandel Ulrich P , Dolag Klaus
Published: October 2022

The evolution of the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is widely used to assess the performance of numerical methods. We employ this instability to test both the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the meshless finite mass (MFM) implementation in opengadget3. We quantify the accuracy of SPH and MFM in reproducing the linear growth of the KHI with different numerical and physical set-ups. Among them, we consider: (i) numerical induced viscosity, and (ii) physically motivated, Braginskii viscosity, and compare their effect on the growth of the KHI. We find that the changes of the inferred numerical viscosity when varying nuisance parameters such as the set-up or the number of neighbours in our SPH code are comparable to the differences obtained when using different hydrodynamical solvers, i.e. MFM. SPH reproduces the expected reduction of the growth rate in the presence of physical viscosity and recovers well the threshold level of physical viscosity needed to fully suppress the instability. In the case of galaxy clusters with a virial temperature of 3 × 107 K, this level corresponds to a suppression factor of ≈10−3 of the classical Braginskii value. The intrinsic, numerical viscosity of our SPH implementation in such an environment is inferred to be at least an order of magnitude smaller (i.e. ≈10−4), re-ensuring that modern SPH methods are suitable to study the effect of physical viscosity in galaxy clusters.