bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body composition and mortality in the general population: A review of epidemiologic studies
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Giovannucci Edward L
Published: December 2018

Numerous studies have examined the association between body mass index and mortality and often observed that risk of mortality was higher in those with lower body mass index than those who were overweight or even obese (“obesity paradox”). One potential explanation of the obesity paradox is the limitation of body mass index as an imperfect measure of adiposity. However, relatively few studies have examined the association between body composition and mortality due to practical issues of assessing body composition in large-scale epidemiological settings. The available epidemiologic studies on this topic were heterogenous with regard to study design, analyses, results, and interpretations. The majority of studies using direct body composition measures such as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography had relatively small sample size, short follow-up period and restricted study population. Studies have also used other approaches to indirectly estimate body composition to examine the association with mortality in a larger and more representative population. Overall findings were not consistent but suggested that fat mass and lean body mass may play an independent role on mortality in the general population. Various shapes of the associations were observed, but studies generally suggested that high fat mass was associated with increased risk of mortality (especially higher range of fat mass) and low lean body mass was associated with increased risk of mortality (especially lower range of lean body mass). On the other hand, fat mass and lean body mass tended to show either null or inverse association with mortality in elderly populations. Given the complex relationship of two body components as well as with other factors (e.g., age, smoking, disease, etc.), future studies should be conducted and interpreted after careful consideration of potential biases. In summary, the available data suggest independent associations of fat mass and lean body mass on mortality in the general population.

Impact statement

Current understanding of the association of body composition on mortality in the general population is limited. This review evaluated the available epidemiologic studies on body composition and mortality that leveraged diverse approaches to estimate body composition. Although studies showed inconsistent results, there was evidence suggesting that high fat mass and low lean body mass may be independently associated with mortality in the general population. This review may help partially explain the “obesity paradox” phenomenon and facilitate further studies to advance the understanding of the association of body composition on health in the general and patient populations.
To Understand and Support Contemporary Veterans Utilizing Biblical Combat Veteran Types
Authors: Grimell Jan
Published: December 2018

This article continues to build on the biblical combat veteran types (BCVTs) which were recently presented as a tool to describe and understand biblical combat veterans through the lenses of post-traumatic stress disorder and moral injury. The purpose of this article is to connect the BCVTs with real-life cases so as to show the potential usefulness of the biblical types. This article further develops a model for pastoral care which integrates this tool.
Anti-platelet and anti-coagulant therapy in peripheral arterial disease prior to surgical intervention
Authors: Harky Amer , Maskell Perry , Burgess Mika
Published: December 2018

Objective

Peripheral artery disease is a major clinical co-morbidity that can significantly affect quality of life, especially in the presence of diabetes mellitus and older age. The focus of this literature review is on medical management, through anti-platelet and anti-coagulation, of peripheral artery disease prior to undergoing surgical or endovascular management.

Method

Extensive electronic literature search performed in four major databases (PubMed, SCOPUD, Embase and Ovid) to identify the published randomized and non-randomized studies that compared and discussed the management of peripheral artery disease with different anti-thrombotic agents.

Results

A total of 17 studies were identified to meet the inclusion criteria of this review. Among them, 4 were systematic review and meta-analyses, 1 was observational study and 12 were randomized controlled trials. The reported outcomes in each study are summarized and reported separately within this review.

Conclusion

Peripheral artery disease is a complex and multifactorial clinical condition. The use of dual anti-platelets, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, are the key in preventing major cardiovascular events as well as stroke and death. Utilization of anti-coagulation such as direct oral anti-coagulants’ as additional parameters for the prevention of disease progression, is paramount. Eventually, the choice of either dual-antiplatelet therapy or combined anti-coagulation with anti-platelets should be carefully considered, particularly following the most recent published debatable studies.
Life goes on… Patient perspectives on having a cancer diagnosis and other comorbid diseases: A qualitative study
Authors: Arreskov Anne B , Graungaard Anette H , Kristensen Mads T , Søndergaard Jens , Davidsen Annette S
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Due to a growing population with both cancer and chronic diseases, we explored patients’ experiences of living with a cancer diagnosis and comorbidities, the possible effects on everyday living and management of comorbidities.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted during 2016 with 15 patients in Denmark, with finished cancer treatment and preexisting comorbidities. Analysis was performed by Systematic Text Condensation.

Results

Symptoms which disrupted everyday function were given attention, regardless of the disease from which the symptoms originated. The awareness of cancer and comorbidities constituted an inverse process over time. Most patients perceived cancer as being transient, whereas experiences of comorbidities varied from ignorance to worry. Most patients reported maintaining their chronic illness consultations with their general practitioner as before cancer.

Conclusion

Patients prioritized an everyday life with normal chores highly in contrast to paying attention to diseases. Disruptive symptoms, rather than specific diseases, took up patients’ attention. Cancer did not change the patients’ attendance at chronic care consultations. General practitioners should focus on maintaining the patient’s functional level in everyday life. Further, they should continue to prioritize the chronic care management, as this might increase the patients’ own view of the importance of self-management.
Hypercalcaemia during pregnancy: Review of maternal and fetal complications, investigations, and management
Authors: Gehlert Jessica , Morton Adam
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Asymptomatic mild primary hyperparathyroidism is increasingly being identified during pregnancy. Recent studies have demonstrated inconsistent findings with regard to pregnancy complications and the need for surgical intervention during pregnancy.

Method

A retrospective audit of outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hypercalcaemia over a 15-year period was performed.

Results

Twenty-nine pregnancies to 26 women with hypercalcaemia were identified, corresponding to 37 cases per 100,000 deliveries. Hypercalcaemia was due to primary hyperparathyroidism in 90% of cases, with mean serum calcium of 2.89 mmol/l and mean ionised calcium 1.43 mmol/l. Four women underwent successful neck exploration during pregnancy. Pregnancy complications were limited to three cases of pre-eclampsia and one case of symptomatic neonatal hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion

Close observation without surgical intervention would seem reasonable in women with mild hypercalcaemia during pregnancy.
Neuroengineering and neuroprosthetics
Authors: Warwick Kevin
Published: December 2018

This article contains a directed overview of the field of neuroengineering and neuroprosthetics. The aim of the article is, however, not to go over introductory material covered elsewhere, but rather to look ahead at exciting areas for likely future development. The BrainGate implant is focussed on in terms of its use as an interface between the Internet and the human nervous system. Sensory prosthetics of different types and deep brain stimulation are considered. Different possibilities with deep brain stimulation are also discussed.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on path guidance of logistics transport vehicle based on image recognition and image processing in port area
Authors: Jiang Liupeng , Fan Yongjiao , Sheng Qianying , Feng Xuejun , Wang Wei
Published: December 2018

Due to the messy logistics goods in the port area, some automatic transport vehicles often have errors in cargo transportation due to large path identification errors. Based on this, this study is based on image recognition technology, taking the most common logistics transport vehicles in the port area as the research object and using video image recognition technology as a guiding technology to perform image recognition processing on the ground guidance path. Simultaneously, this study determined the image preprocessing method which is more favorable for visual navigation, used the morphological knowledge of the image to detect the edge of the path image, then determined the position of the path center line, and carried out simulation analysis. The research shows that the results of this study have certain practicality and can provide theoretical references for subsequent related research.
Reverse time migration of transmitted wavefields for salt boundary imaging
Authors: Willacy Chris , Kryvohuz Maksym
Published: December 2018

The imaging of steep salt boundaries has received much attention with the advent of improved wider azimuth acquisition designs and advanced imaging techniques such as reverse time migration (RTM), for example. However, despite these advancements in capability, there are cases in which the salt boundary is either poorly illuminated or completely absent in the migrated image. To provide a solution to this problem, we have developed two RTM methods for imaging salt boundaries, which use transmitted wavefields. In the first technique, downgoing waves, typically recorded in walkaway vertical seismic profile surveys, are used to image the salt flank via the generation of aplanatic isochrones. This image can be generated in the absence of an explicit interpretation of the salt flank using dual migration velocity models, as demonstrated on a 3D walkaway field data set from the Gulf of Mexico. In the second technique, we extend the basic theory to include imaging of upgoing source wavefields, which are transmitted at the base salt from below, as acquired by a surface acquisition geometry. This technique has similarities to the prism-imaging method, yet it uses transmitted instead of reflected waves at the salt boundary. Downgoing and upgoing methods are shown to satisfactorily generate an image of the salt flank; however, transmission imaging can create artifacts if reflection arrivals are included in the migration or the acquisition geometry is limited in extent. Increased wavelet stretch is also observed due to the higher transmission coefficient. An important benefit of these methods is that transmission imaging produces an opposite depth shift to errors in the velocity model compared with imaging of reflections. When combined with conventional seismic reflection surveys, this behavior can be used to provide a constraint on the accuracy of the salt and/or subsalt velocities.
3D passive wavefield imaging using the energy norm
Authors: Rocha Daniel , Sava Paul , Shragge Jeffrey , Witten Ben
Published: December 2018

In passive seismic monitoring of microseismicity, full-wavefield imaging offers a robust approach for the estimation of source location and mechanism. With multicomponent data and the full 3D anisotropic elastic wave equation, the coexistence of P- and S-modes at the source location in time-reversal wavefield extrapolation allows the development of imaging conditions that identify the source position and radiation pattern. We have developed an imaging condition for passive wavefield imaging that is based on energy conservation and is related to the source mechanism. Similar to the correlation between the decomposed P- and S-wavefields — the most common imaging condition used in passive elastic wavefield imaging — our proposed imaging condition compares the different modes present in the displacement field producing a strong and focused correlation at the source location without costly wave-mode decomposition at each time step. Numerical experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed imaging condition (compared to PS correlation with decomposed wave modes), its sensitivity with respect to velocity inaccuracy, and its quality and efficacy in estimating the source location.
Hypoxia and connectivity in the developing vertebrate nervous system
Authors: Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Son Jong-Hyun
Published: December 2018

The developing nervous system depends upon precise regulation of oxygen levels. Hypoxia, the condition of low oxygen concentration, can interrupt developmental sequences and cause a range of molecular, cellular and neuronal changes and injuries. The roles and effects of hypoxia on the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly characterized, even though hypoxia is simultaneously a normal component of development, a potentially abnormal environmental stressor in some settings, and a clinically important complication, for example of prematurity. Work over the past decade has revealed that hypoxia causes specific disruptions in the development of CNS connectivity, altering axon pathfinding and synapse development. The goals of this article are to review hypoxia's effects on the development of CNS connectivity, including its genetic and molecular mediators, and the changes it causes in CNS circuitry and function due to regulated as well as unintended mechanisms. The transcription factor HIF1α is the central mediator of the CNS response to hypoxia (as it is elsewhere in the body), but hypoxia also causes a dysregulation of gene expression. Animals appear to have evolved genetic and molecular responses to hypoxia that result in functional behavioral alterations to adapt to the changes in oxygen concentration during CNS development. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying both the normal and abnormal effects of hypoxia on CNS connectivity may reveal novel insights into common neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, this Review explores the current gaps in knowledge, and suggests important areas for future studies.
A Two-Step Method for Stable and Impurity-Free Graphene Oxide Dispersion in Various Organic Solvents without a Stabilizer or Chemical Modification
Authors: Hatakeyama Kazuto , Koinuma Michio , Shimizu Yoshiki , Hakuta Yukiya
Published: December 2018

The low stability of graphene oxide (GO) in organic solvents renders it unsuitable for several applications. Thus, an effective dispersion technique must be rapidly developed in order to allow the widespread use of GO. In this study, we successfully produced GO dispersions in various organic (including nonpolar) solvents without a stabilizer, chemical modification, or complex processing by a facile two-step method. In this technique, perfectly exfoliated single-layer GO was firstly prepared in water. Then, water was carefully replaced with each solvent. GO dispersed via this new method exhibited excellent long-term stability in organic solvents with a low impurity content. This is attributed to the release of interlayer water, which strongly links GO layers and causes aggregation in organic solvents, along with impurities trapped in interlayers during exfoliation. Additionally, a GO/polyvinyl chloride composite prepared using this new method showed better mechanical and electrical performances than that prepared via the conventional method. The result obtained here will promote the widespread use of GO.
Os ganhos dos investimentos de impacto
Authors: Quitério Diogo , Cruz Celia , Scretas Beto
Published: December 2018

Como o capital vem se direcionando para negócios que geram melhorias mensuráveis de problemas sociais e ambientais.
Coaching ou psicoterapia para executivos?
Authors: Salles José Renato
Published: December 2018

A aplicação indiscriminada do coaching para líderes que precisam mudar comportamentos tem trazido frustação. Um instrumento capaz de avaliar se a indicação é para coaching ou psicoterapia evitaria o desperdício de tempo, energia e dinheiro.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A WAY TO DEVELOP INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Нагорная Лариса , Nagornaya Larisa
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the issue of implementing information and communication technologies into the educational space of modern Russian society. Special focus is laid on the feasibility of using digital and electronic educational resources in educational process under the Federal State Educational Standards
Depression in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Małek Agnieszka , Golińska Paulina
Published: December 2018

Cel pracy

Celem badania jest ukazanie związków pomiędzy nasileniem objawów depresji a stopniem nasilenia tików, deklarowanym poczuciem stygmatyzacji oraz uczuciami wobec ciała.

Metoda

Do badania zakwalifikowano 13 osób z zespołem Tourette'a oraz 13 osób stanowiących grupę porównawczą - dobór wiązany, uwzględniający zgodność płci, wieku, liczby lat nauki oraz wielkości miejsca zamieszkania. Do pomiaru depresji wykorzystano: W badaniu wykorzystano: polską adaptację Globalnej Skali Nasilenia Tików (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale – YGTSS,), deklaratywny Kwestionariusz do Pomiaru Depresji (KPD), Kwestionariusz Poczucia Stygmatyzacji (Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire – PSQ), Kwestionariusz uczuć wobec ciała.

Wyniki

Analiza testem znaków rangowych Wilcoxona wykazała, że deklarowany ogólny stopień depresji jest istotnie wyższy w grupie osób z zespołem Tourette’a, Z = -2,691;
p < 0,01. Wskaźnikiem różnicującym deklarowane poczucie stygmatyzacji wśród osób z TS jest odczuwanie zakłopotania z powodu wzroku innych/gapienie się osób postronnych (ZG), Z = -1,888; p < 0,05. Ogólna ocena własnego obrazu ciała nie różni się w grupie osób z TS oraz grupie porównawczej, jednak wyodrębniono dwa istotne czynniki: Moje ciało jest mi obce, Z = -1,897; p < 0,05, oraz Trudno mi zrozumieć zmiany zachodzące w moim ciele, Z =1,950, p < 0,05.

Wnioski

Stwierdza się, że stopień nasilenia tików, poczucie stygmatyzacji oraz wybrane wskaźniki obrazu ciała pozostają w związku zarówno z ogólnym nasileniem objawów depresji oraz jej poszczególnymi wskaźnikami.
Adverse effects of interactions between antidepressants and medications used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Woroń Jarosław , Siwek Marcin , Gorostowicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

Cel pracy

Ocena występowania niekorzystnych interakcji leków przeciwdepresyjnych (LPD) z lekami stosowanymi w chorobach układu krążenia (leki krążeniowe - LK)

Metoda

Analiza 66 przypadków wystąpienia objawów niepożądanych, o obrazie klinicznym wskazującym w stopniu prawdopodobnym lub pewnym, że były one skutkiem połączenia LPD z LK

Wyniki

Najczęstszym niepożądanym efektem (n=25 – tj. 37.9%) było wystąpienie bradykardii (i innych działań niepożądanych betablokerów) w następstwie dołączenia metoprololu lub propranololu do leku z grupy SSRI lub bupropionu. W jednym przypadku połączenie fluoksetyny z propranololem skutkowało zatrzymaniem krążenia. Zanotowano 8 przypadków nasilenia działań niepożądanych amlodypiny (obrzęki kończyn dolnych, bóle głowy) po połączeniu z: fluoksetyną, sertraliną lub paroksetyną, oraz wystąpienie mialgii, elewacji aminotransferaz, wielomoczu i hipotensji w połaczeniu lerkarnidypiny niektórymi SSRI. Stwierdzono też m.in: pogorszenie tolerancji propafenonu o połączeniu z wenlafaksyną lub bupropionem, 2 przypadki granulopenii związane z kombinacją duloksetyna -propafenon, 2 przypadki powikłań krwotocznych związanych z kombinacją wortioksetyna- warfaryna, 1 przypadek hiponatremii związany z połączeniem wortioksetyny i chydrochlorotiazydu, a także antagonizowanie dziłania hipotensyjnego klonidyny przez mirtazapinę i zakrzepicę obwodową w następstwie połączenia warfaryny z trazodonem.

Wnioski

Ze względu na wysokie ryzyko interakcji i związanych z nimi efektów niepożądanych, zwłaszcza u pacjentów w starszym wieku, każda decyzja dotycząca połączenia określonego LPD i LK powinna być poprzedzona szczegółową analizą bezpieczeństwa oraz bilansu korzyści i ryzyka a także powinna wiązać się z poszukiwaniem najbardziej bezpiecznych, alternatywnych kombinacji ww leków.
EFFECT OF TIME ON THE COMPOUND LAYER FORMED DURING SALT BATH NITRIDING OF AISI 4140 STEEL
Authors: Ghelloudj Elhadj , Hannachi Mohamed Tahar , Djebaili Hamid
Published: December 2018

This research was carried out to study the effect of time on the compound layer of AISI 4140 steel in salt bath nitriding. The nitriding process were implemented on AISI 4140 steel in salt bath component for different times (from 1 h to 10 h) at 580 °C. Samples of AISI 4140 steel were treated and characterized (at surface and core of samples) through the following technique: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness tester. Shows that thick compound layers are formed during continuous salt bath nitriding. The thickness of the compound layer and surface hardness increases with increasing time.
LEAD AND LEAD ALLOYS FOAMS PRODUCTION
Authors: Costanza Girolamo , Tata Maria Elisa
Published: December 2018

Low-cost techniques for the manufacturing of lead and lead-alloys foams have been investigated in this work. In particular the “sintering and dissolution process” (SDP) and “replication process” (RP) have been focused and discussed. The effects of some process parameters have been investigated too: powder compacting pressure, composition of the base metal, granulometry, sintering time and temperature. Spherical urea and NaCl have been employed in the SDP method. In the replication process the melt viscosity has been found the main parameter. Furthermore melt infiltration in the NaCl particles has been found much easier if external pressure is applied. Lead recovery and recycling of exhaust batteries into foam-based electrodes has been examined too with a novel method for the direct conversion of Pb scrap into lead foam.
Contents
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: December 2018

Research papers
Literatura Surda: o nascimento de uma tradição.
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Claudio Da Costa
Published: December 2018

RESUMOReflexões em torno do conceito de Literatura Surda. O fenômeno literário e seus usos utilitários e identitários. A contribuição teórica de Lodenir Karnopp para a tradição de debates em torno da produção de discursos conotativos em Libras ou sobre a surdez.  Palavras-chave: Literatura, Estudos Culturais, Educação de Surdos.
PRÁTICAS INTERATIVAS NA AULA DE LÍNGUA MATERNA: UMA ABORDAGEM SÓCIO-INTERACIONISTA / Interactive practices in class mother tongue: a social-interactional approach
Authors: Dantas Maria Aparecida Calado de Oliveira , Rodrigues Linduarte Pereira
Published: December 2018

Resumo: O estudo em foco, à luz da Sociolinguística Interacional, figura como possibilidade de discussão/reflexão de práticas interativas realizadas nas aulas de língua materna do Ensino Fundamental, com destaque para as ações que valorizam a natureza social e interacional da linguagem a partir da fala do aluno e das reações do professor. Toma como pressupostos teóricos os estudos de Koch (2006), Bakhtin(2003), Geraldi (1997), Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2006), Garcez (2002), Marcuschi (1991), Gumperz (1996), entre outros teóricos que se preocupam com a problemática das relações interativas de mediação pela linguagem, bem como de suas implicações na constituição intelectual dos sujeitos envolvidos com a cena escolar: alunos e professores em formação continuada. Para tanto, a pesquisa qualitativa em educação, do tipo etnográfica, aplicada ao ensino público município da cidade de Pombal – PB, revelou a urgência de valorização da relação professor x aluno em situações de interação de sala de aula, dialética necessária para a efetivação do ensino-aprendizagem da linguagem na aula de língua materna.  Palavras-chave: Práticas interativa; Ensino de língua; Formação docente.
A tradução como estratégia para o ensino integrado de língua espanhola e literatura brasileira
Authors: Gonçalves Luciano De Jesus , Marles Valencia Liliana Patricia
Published: December 2018

A literatura, na sua complexidade linguística e, sobretudo, estético-artística, constitui-se num âmbito favorável para o aproveitamento de atividades que integrem as línguas e, assim, desenvolvam a habilidade comunicativa como um todo. Não surpreende que a tradução, prática que demanda o exercício duplo de compreensão e produção, esteja agora de volta às aulas como ferramenta para a aprendizagem. A contribuição desse artigo será, então, apontar um exercício de tradução como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas e literaturas, portuguesa e espanhola, tendo como apoio a crônica “Feia demais”, do escritor Nelson Rodrigues. Esse artigo volta-se, também, para o marco legal da proposta de Base Nacional Comum Curricular – Ensino Médio, homologado pela Portaria n° 1.570, publicada no Diário Oficial da União de 21/12/2017, às vésperas de sua implementação oficial, documento que tem animado o debate educacional brasileiro, com vistas a situar a defesa de um ensino literatura diverso e plurilíngue
A hora, a vez e a voz das margens
Authors: Damasceno Beatriz Dos Santos
Published: December 2018

O lugar de fala, conceito muito discutido e de ainda tão necessária ampliação de entendimento, instiga uma série de reflexões em diversas áreas do saber. Primeiro, porque provoca uma desestabilização dos discursos sempre dominantes, depois porque promove um deslocamento de vozes, ou seja, a voz que não se ouvia assume o poder de dizer por ela mesma. Dessa forma, entenderemos aqui o lugar de fala como aquele que representa o fim da mediação da voz do outro e um caminho à autonomia das minorias assumindo o protagonismo de suas histórias.
A luta por reconhecimento de direitos na teoria crítica de Axel Honneth e a experiência da audiência pública sobre cotas raciais na ADPF 186: reflexões sobre experiências de desrespeito, movimentos sociais e luta por direitos | The struggle for recognition of rights in Axel Honneth’s Critical Theory and the experience of the ADPF 186 public hearing on racial quotas: remarks on experiences of disrespect, social movements and struggle for rights
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo Juozepavicius
Published: December 2018

Desde a sua origem e progressivamente ao longo das décadas a tradição de pensamento da teoria crítica dedicou esforços voltados a temas relacionados ao direito moderno, buscando compreender suas dinâmicas, funções, potenciais e bloqueios emancipatórios. Um dos autores atuais e mais influentes desta tradição é Axel Honneth que, em sua obra Luta por reconhecimento, desenvolve a tese de que a luta por reconhecimento contém uma força moral que pode promover desenvolvimentos e progressos na vida social. A partir de sua construção da existência de três possíveis esferas de reconhecimento, dentre elas a esfera dos direitos, buscamos extrair o que pode ser considerado direcionado ao campo jurídico na luta por reconhecimento de Honneth, relacionando-a com as considerações recentes do autor no campo do debate contemporâneo sobre teorias de justiça, em que busca realizar uma ligação entre o âmbito individual e o coletivo da vida social, possibilitando moldar uma proposta de uma teoria crítica da justiça em que as lutas por reconhecimento poderiam ter influência direta na definição normativa de parâmetros de justiça de uma sociedade.
Discricionariedade em Hart e Dworkin: o debate reconsiderado à luz do artigo perdido de H. L. A. Hart | Discretionary in Hart and Dworkin: the debate reconsidered in the light of the lost article of H. L. A. Hart
Authors: Abdouch Rafael Parisi
Published: December 2018

Este artigo pretende explorar o tema da discricionariedade sob as perspectivas de Hart e Dworkin, tomando-se como paradigma a descoberta de um novo texto de Hart, publicado em 2013 pela Harvard Law Review. Sustentar-se-á que não há a possibilidade genuína de discricionariedade judicial, ao menos quando se toma hipoteticamente a posição do decisor, mesmo sob a perspectiva de Hart.
Os princípios constitucionais gerais do Direito eleitoral | The general constitutional principles of Portuguese electoral law
Authors: Miranda Jorge
Published: December 2018

Portugal é desde 1976 uma democracia representativa e pluralista de tipo ocidental, que nada tem que ver com as pretensas democracias ateniense, jacobina, cesarista, marxista‑leninista, corporativa ou islâmica.Ora, em democracia representativa – a qual implica Estado de Direito – o modo por excelência de o povo exercer o poder é a eleição. Assim, proclamando o princípio democrático nos arts. 1º, 2º, 3º e 108º, a Constituição diz no art. 10º, nº 1: “O povo exerce o poder político através do sufrágio universal, igual, directo, secreto e periódico”. E tal fica inscrito entre os limites materiais ou cláusulas pétreas no art. 288º, alínea h).
REFINAMENTO SEMIAUTOMÁTICO DO MAPA GEOMORFOLÓGICO DO RADAMBRASIL POR RECUPERAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Fernandes Pedro José Farias , Girão Raphael E Silva
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é o refinamento semiautomático de um mapa geomorfológico regional de pequena escala do projeto RADAMBRASIL utilizando GEOBIA, técnicas de mineração de dados e MDEs oriundos do SRTM. Os dados SRTM provenientes do projeto TOPODATA foram preparados e tratados em ambiente SIG, o que permitiu a análise visual e quantitativa das classes RADAMBRASIL. Após as análises, o conhecimento foi estruturado para proceder com os recursos de análise de imagem baseada em objetos geográficos e de mineração de dados, que viabilizaram o mapeamento geomorfológico para cada nível taxonômico, a partir do uso do algoritmo de segmentação multirresolução. As classificações foram avaliadas com valores Kappa a partir de um mapa geomorfológico do CPRM e do próprio mapa RADAMBRASIL, e podem ser consideradas satisfatórias. Os mapas obtidos para cada nível taxonômico exibiram contornos detalhados, o que indica que a GEOBIA, as técnicas de mineração de dados e a utilização de MDEs podem contribuir na tarefa refinar contornos de mapas antigos e para o mapeamento geomorfológico regional em escalas superiores a 1:1.000.000, além de tornar possível o estabelecimento de um modelo de conhecimento geomorfológico.
PENSAR E PROPOR A ECOCIDADANIA DESDE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE GEOGRAFIA: TECENDO DIÁLOGOS PARA UMA ESCOLA REFLEXIVA
Authors: Botêlho Lucas Antônio Viana , Dos Santos Francisco Kennedy Silva
Published: December 2018

A ecocidadania emerge no cenário em que se faz emergencial pensar possibilidades de reconfiguração da relação entre sociedade e natureza. Diante disto, esta perspectiva propõe-se a trilhar caminhos formativos, desde o chão da escola às práticas sociais cotidianas, que conduzam os sujeitos a (re)pensar a relação que estabelecem entre si e com o lugar de vida, de modo que possam confeccionar ações pautadas pelo diálogo e que objetivem o equilíbrio e bem estar socioambiental. Tal escrito objetiva argumentar as possibilidades e caminhos da ecocidadania desde a formação inicial e continuada dos professores de Geografia até as práticas em sala de aula, mediando aproximações e convergências entre Geografia e Educação Ambiental, criando espaço para os saberes cotidianos na sala de aula. Para tanto, faz-se um entretecimento de referenciais, que compreendam uma argumentação crítico-reflexiva, apontando diálogos emergentes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem contemporâneo.
GEOVISUALIZAÇÃO E GEOCOLABORAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO HISTÓRICO DE CABO FRIO-RJ
Authors: Da Silva Ivan Rollas , Libório Matheus Pereira
Published: December 2018

A falta de documentação e sistematização do patrimônio histórico-cultural, ou mesmo sua disponibilidade de forma pouco atraente ou lúdica, desconecta a população do legado arquitetônico, artístico, cultural e histórico, o que significa a perda da afetividade patrimonial e do compromisso. em conservá-lo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi promover a educação do patrimônio histórico-cultural da cidade de Cabo Frio RJ. Trabalhos existentes na literatura voltados para a educação patrimonial histórico-cultural exploram o espaço geográfico de forma não interativa. Superamos essa limitação por meio do desenvolvimento de ferramentas bidirecionais de geovisualização que permitem ao usuário explorar e colaborar com o patrimônio histórico-cultural, utilizando-se do espaço geográfico de forma interativa. Mostramos que o desenvolvimento dessas ferramentas demanda pouco tempo e/ou recursos financeiros sendo, portanto, viável para quaisquer municípios interessados em implementar a solução. Contribuímos para a educação patrimonial histórico-cultural ao apresentar uma inovação que é econômica e, ao mesmo tempo, interativa e colaborativa.
SWOT: what is it all about and how do you use it?
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: December 2018

This article examines the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis tool commonly known as SWOT and how support workers can use this in decision-making, problem-solving and in identifying where changes in clinical practice are needed. The importance of this will be highlighted in the relevant sections of the Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ) and for nursing associates in the recently amended Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2018) code. The article will start with an overview of the SWOT analysis tool before examining the four separate parts. The importance of the analysis stage will be highlighted.
Risk Assessment in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Chapple Liz , Chapple Iain
Published: December 2018

Risk assessment is vital for preventive dental care and validated technologies exist that enable the dental professional to assess a patient's risk of developing periodontal disease. Information personalized to individual patients can be presented in a simplified format, which patients can understand, enabling them to make informed decisions on, and start taking responsibility for, their oral health.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to explain the importance, purpose and impact of periodontal risk assessment in contemporary dental practice, where a focus on prevention and personalized biofeedback is an ethical and cost-effective way forward.
Are Changes in Specific Landmark Anatomy on a Panoramic Image Suggestive of Maxillary Sinus Disease?
Authors: Kerai Thamesh , Ganesan Kandasamy
Published: December 2018

Dental panoramic radiography is a commonly employed investigation in dentistry, however, its use in the primary indication of maxillary sinus disease is often underestimated. Being able to identify anomalies or abnormalities involving the maxillary sinus on radiographs will facilitate early intervention and appropriate referral to the relevant specialties.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists should have a good understanding of radiographic anatomy of the maxillary sinus. Recognizing radiographic changes allows appropriate referral and improved patient care.
Impact of Passive Leg Cycling in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Phadke Chetan P. , Vierira Luciana , Mathur Sunita , Cipriano Gerson , Ismail Farooq , Boulias Chris
Published: December 2018

Background: Passive leg cycling is an important clinical tool available for rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Passive cycling can be used to derive exercise-related benefits in patients with poor motor control. There have been a number of studies examining the effects of passive cycling on a variety of outcomes. There is need for a systematic assessment of the cycling parameters and the associated clinical changes in cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal outcomes after passive cycling. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of passive leg cycling interventions on cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal outcomes post SCI, and to describe intensity, duration, and type of passive leg cycling post SCI. Methods: PRISMA guided systematic review of literature based on searches in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed publications that were written in English were included if they described the effects of a single session or multiple sessions of passive leg cycling in persons post SCI. Results: Eleven papers were included: two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one was a crossover trial, and the rest were pre-post single-group designs. Three studies (including two RCTs) reported statistically significant benefits of multiple sessions of passive cycling on leg blood flow velocity, spasticity, reflex excitability and joint range of motion, and markers of muscle hypertrophy. About half of the single session studies showed statistically significant improvement in acute responses. Conclusion: Multiple sessions of passive leg cycling showed benefits in three categories – cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological – with medium to large effect sizes.
PEDIATRIC HEAD TRAUMA: A DESCRIPTION OF CAUSES, NEUROLOGICAL MORBIDITY AND INPATIENT MORTALITY IN A REFERENCE CENTER IN NORTHEASTERN, BRAZIL
Authors: Da Silva Quézia Mendonça , Maldonado Igor Lima
Published: December 2018

The socioeconomic impact of children with sequelae of head trauma is an important public health concern. This retrospective study assessed the causes, the neurological morbidity and the mortality of pediatric head injury during the hospital stays in a referral center in northeastern Brazil. A random sample of 282 medical records of pediatric head trauma cases from a twelve-month period was examined. Patient characteristics, mechanisms of trauma and imaging results were retrieved, and the occurrence of motor deficits, language impairment, cerebrospinal fluid leak seizures or death was assessed during the whole hospital stays. The most affected age range was that of infants (41.5%), the most frequent reported cause was fall (76.5%) and most children were victims of mild brain injury (96%). A total of 11.7% of the computerized tomography examinations showed traumatic injuries, with fractures in 43.6% of them. Thirteen children presented with the above-mentioned endpoints of morbidity and mortality. Seizure (n=9) was the most frequent one. The age range with the highest incidence was also that of infants (n=6). For the same endpoints, the clinical morbid-mortality was 4.6% for the wholes series and 44,4% for moderate and severe trauma. The mortality rate at the end of the period of hospitalization was 1.1%. According to the data from the present study, falls were the main reported cause of pediatric head trauma. A total of 4.6% of victims presented with neurological endpoints of morbid-mortality during the hospital stay and seizure was the most frequent one.
Intensive agriculture under plastic in Andalusia (Spain): A production model in question
Authors: Díaz Emma Martín , Reigada Alicia
Published: December 2018

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Andalusian agriculture is at the centre of a confrontation between those who continue to define it, sheltered behind discourses on modernity, and those who argue its condition as an enclave economy. Our analysis shows, however, how the new scenario of a global agri-food system, bisected by discourses and practices related to ‘quality’, ‘safety’ and ‘sustainability’, has also impacted on the experience of intensive agriculture, redefining and making more complex approaches to agricultural modernization. This article looks at intensive agriculture under plastic in the two main areas of agricultural export in Andalusia (strawberry production in Huelva and fruit and vegetable production in Almeria). It begins with an analysis of the factors and dynamics involved in the process of agricultural intensification and the social sectors involved. Subsequently, it analyses the evolution of the production strategies followed to achieve social reproduction of the model and the contradictions, costs and limitations of that model. In the conclusions, we place the model under question and point to the need for changes that will alter the very foundations that sustain it.
Up in the air? The matter of radio studies
Authors: Lacey Kate
Published: December 2018

This article is based on the keynote lecture presented to the Radio Conference 2018, and offers a review of the field of radio studies in the decade since the publication in this journal of ‘Ten years of radio studies: The very idea!’. While still wary of the limitations of ‘the very idea’ of radio studies and indeed of ‘radio’ itself, this article finds research in the field to be international, interdisciplinary and intermedial, and well placed to engage in the most pressing political and theoretical questions about contemporary media and communication.
Lexicalización diminutiva en dos corpus originales (lengua oral y lengua escrita)
Authors: Criado de Diego Cecilia , Andión Herrero María Antonieta
Published: December 2018

A través de dos corpus originales, estudiamos el comportamiento de las palabras lexicalizadas con diminutivo en la lengua española actual, escrita y oral. Una vez localizados y anotados estos términos, atendemos principalmente a tres aspectos: fecha de registro en los diccionarios y corpus académicos, semántica en relación con la palabra base y procedencia geolectal. Constatamos que el fenómeno muestra vitalidad como recurso panhispánico; asimismo, observamos un tratamiento desigual de estas palabras en los diccionarios académicos y una presencia mayoritaria del fenómeno en el español europeo en los dos corpus originales.
El componente gramatical en las creencias lingüísticas: diferencia y jerarquía, corrección y variación
Authors: Fernández Juncal Carmen
Published: December 2018

Este artículo indaga en la presencia del componente morfosintáctico en las creencias de los hablantes frente a la presencia mayoritaria de los niveles fonético y léxico, que, como se ha puesto de manifiesto tradicionalmente, han acaparado el foco de los hablantes en la percepción y descripción lingüísticas. A partir de una serie de encuestas en un territorio perteneciente a la modalidad centro-peninsular del español y a la vista de los resultados cuantitativos, podemos confirmar ese papel subsidiario de la gramática. No obstante, la gramática adquiere una posición protagonista cuando las cuestiones planteadas a los hablantes incluyen el concepto de corrección, ámbito de carácter dicotómico en el que los aspectos gramaticales ofrecen más nitidez frente a la diversidad y ausencia de norma de referencia clara de la fonética y el léxico. En estos niveles la variación es evidente para los encuestados pero sin establecer una jerarquía entre las variantes coexistentes.
Clases y funciones en el ámbito morfológico
Authors: González García Luis
Published: December 2018

La distinción entre clases de unidades y las funciones que estas desempeñan en el nivel sintáctico ha sido objeto de estudio por parte de las distintas escuelas lingüísticas (funcionalistas o formalistas), si bien desde postulados divergentes. Sin embargo, esta esencial dicotomía apenas ha recibido atención en el componente morfológico, siendo lo usual que se entremezclen los dos puntos de vista. En este trabajo mostramos que esa distinción también debe ser trasladada al campo de la morfología, al tiempo que ofrecemos algunas muestras de cómo su utilización permite tratar de manera satisfactoria algunas cuestiones objeto de debate en el análisis morfológico del español (por ejemplo, los interfijos o la oposición lexema/raíz).
Participación de las mujeres en empresas de hospedaje del municipio de Toluca. Análisis de su empoderamiento
Authors: Mejía Vázquez Rebeca , Serrano-Barquín Rocío Del Carmen , López Carré Elizabeth , Serrano-Barquín Héctor Paulino
Published: December 2018

Los estudios sobre la situación de la mujer mexicana en el sector turístico son escasos, principalmente acerca de su empoderamiento. En este tenor, en el presente artículo se analiza el nivel de empoderamiento de aquellas mujeres que trabajan en el sector hotelero de la ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México. Los datos fueron extraídos de 10 empresas de hospedaje de entre una a cinco estrellas, con una muestra de 102 mujeres que participan laboralmente en ellas. La investigación fue realizada desde la perspectiva de género y con un enfoque cuantitativo. Además, mediante la adición de siete factores se obtuvo la calificación total de empoderamiento y con base en ello se clasificó en alto, medio o bajo de acuerdo con el rango obtenido. Finalmente, dentro de los resultados se obtuvo que sí existe cierto nivel de empoderamiento en la mujer que participa laboralmente en las empresas de hospedaje de Toluca a pesar de factores como el puesto que ocupan y el ingreso que perciben.
Arqueoturismo: Análisis cuantitativo del impacto de los yacimientos arqueológicos en el turismo español
Authors: Fernandez Ortea Javier
Published: December 2018

Análisis cuantitativo de la realidad turística de los yacimientos arqueológicos atendiendo a la necesidad de conocer un recurso patrimonial en crecimiento. También se pretende evaluar el impacto de este fenómeno en el conjunto global y su situación particular en el mapa autonómico. Metodológicamente el estudio se basa en datos oficiales aportados por los agentes implicados en la gestión de los diversos enclaves vía telefónica y telemática. Con el conjunto de la información recopilada se han elaborado mapas que ilustran el volumen de visitas y por ende, su aportación al turismo general. En definitiva, una radiografía del arqueoturismo, un recurso que deja de ser una alternativa minoritaria para ser protagonista de una importante parcela del turismo cultural.
A influência das fontes de informação na escolha dos turistas acadêmicos: o caso de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Soares Jakson Renner Rodrigues , Gabriel Larissa Paola Macedo Castro , Sánchez Fernández Maria Dolores
Published: December 2018

Este artigo trata das fontes de informações utilizadas por estudantes brasileiros para conhecer Santiago de Compostela. Elas são as responsáveis por apresentar o destino turístico, além de poder influenciar na sua capacidade de atração. A pesquisa se desenvolve sob uma metodologia mêsta elaborada em duas etapas com entrevistas e modelagem das equações estruturais. Foi assim idealizada para que seja o sujeito quem ofereça as suas impressões sobre o destino, isto é, a ferramenta de medida utilizada na segunda etapa foi criada com base na visão do fenômeno turístico relacionado com a experiência vivida pelo indivíduo. O objetivo principal é identificar as principais fontes de informação utilizadas pelo turista acadêmico. Ademais, também se espera identificar como a mensagem transmitida por estas fontes influencia o processo de formação da imagem do destino. Em quanto ao nível teórico, com este trabalho se espera promover uma discussão sobre a importância da seleção de ferramentas acertadas na estratégia de promoção da imagem turística. Com esta pesquisa se conclui que o uso das novas tecnologias pelo turista durante sua estadia pode aumentar a credibilidade das informações divulgadas, pois o indivíduo, além de consumidor passa a ter um importante papel na produção da informação.