bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting total systemic failure? The May 2018 truckers' strike in Brazil
Authors: Schlindwein Sandro Luis , Ison Ray
Published: July 2019

In May 2018, truckers in Brazil went on strike for 10 days to protest against rising diesel prices and for better freight payments. The strike caused an unprecedented level of disruption in many supply‐and‐distribution networks affecting almost all sectors of the economy and the society. Using causal loop diagrams (CLDs) within a systemic‐inquiry approach, an analysis of the circumstances that led to the strike and the resulting systemic failures is developed. Although the main driver of the strike was the fuel‐price policy of Petrobras, a semi‐public Brazilian corporation in the petroleum industry, the level of the observed disruption was primarily the result of a cascade of failures in a range of coupled systems. From the circumstances that led to the strike and its disruptive effects, lessons for future policy are reported making evident the need for transformative governance arrangements, particularly innovative governance practices to prevent failure and disruption in highly interconnected systems.
Unbiased Discovery of Dynamic Peptide‐ATP Complexes
Authors: Kroiss Daniela , Aramini James M. , McPhee Scott A. , Tuttle Tell , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: July 2019

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Rein V. Ulijn at CUNY Advanced Science Research Center and Prof. Tell Tuttle at the University of Strathclyde. The image shows adenosine triphosphate, life's ubiquitous energy source, interacting with a short peptide that was discovered using phage display. The formed complexes are dynamic and sample a shallow energy landscape. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/syst.201900013.
Multilevel series–parallel continuously regulated chopper applied flying capacitor topology
Authors: Mori Takao , Uezono Keiichi , Funato Hirohito , Haruna Junnosuke
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a new configuration of the series–parallel continuously regulated chopper applying three‐level operation realized by flying capacitor topology. In the conventional two‐level operation, the increase in switching loss and volume of the inductor is problematic. In three‐level operations, both switching frequency and inductance of interconnecting inductor become half of those of two‐level operation under the condition of same current ripple and same ripple frequency. Using a low‐voltage power device, the switching loss can be reduced without increasing the volume of the inductor. The effectiveness of the proposed circuit was verified from steady‐state waveforms obtained by simulations. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultra‐high step‐up DC–DC converters: UHS, Re‐UHS, and G‐UHS converters
Authors: Liu Lingling , Zhang Shaoru , Luo Fanglin , Qie Chenjie , Jia Yikun
Published: July 2019

A new type of switching structure was constructed based on two capacitors, an inductor, a diode, and a switch. The switching structure was added into a high step‐up (HS) converter, yielding an ultra‐high step‐up (UHS) direct current (DC)–DC converter. Two other converters, a repeated UHS converter and a generalized UHS converter, were derived from the basic UHS circuit. The converters depend mainly on charging and discharging of the inductors and capacitors to realize the step‐up function. One of the UHS converter switches realizes zero‐voltage turn‐off, which greatly decreases the switching stress. This article analyzes the UHS converter, and the operation of the UHS converter in the continuous‐conduction mode and discontinuous‐conduction mode. The boundary condition, external characteristics, voltage gain, voltage stress, and inductor current of the UHS converter were analyzed, emphasizing the advantages of the UHS converter; namely, high voltage gain, low switching stress, and low inductance ripple. Parameter design criteria for electrical components are listed. The theoretical analysis was verified by computer simulations and construction of a working device. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multi-Higgs-doublet models and singular alignment
Authors: Rodejohann Werner , Saldaña-Salazar Ulises
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We consider a 4-Higgs-doublet model in which each Higgs doublet gives mass to one of the fermion sets {m

t
}, {m

b

, m

τ

, m

c
}, {m

μ

, m

s
}, and {m

d

, m

u

, m

e
}. The sets have the feature that within each of them the masses are similar. Our model explains the mass hierarchies of the sets by hierarchies of the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets associated to them. All Yukawa couplings are therefore of order one. Neutrino masses are generated by a type-I seesaw mechanism with PeV-scale singlet neutrinos. To avoid the appearance of tree-level flavour changing neutral currents, we assume that all Yukawa matrices are singularly aligned in flavour space. We mean by this that the Yukawa matrices are given as linear combinations of the rank 1 matrices that appear in the singular value decomposition of the mass matrix. In general, singular alignment allows to avoid flavour changing neutral currents in models with multiple Higgs doublets.
Generalized second law and universal relations of cosmological black hole
Authors: Bokhari Ashfaque H. , Akbar M. , Brahimi Tayeb
Published: July 2019

The objective of this paper is to investigate the validity conditions for the generalized second law of thermodynamics, and the universal relations for multi-horizon dynamical spacetime. It is found that there are three horizons of McVittie universe termed as event horizon, cosmological apparent horizon, and virtual horizon. The mass-dependent and mass-independent area product relations are formulated in terms of areas of the dynamical event horizon, cosmological horizon and virtual horizon. It is noted that whereas the area sum relation is mass independent, the area product relation is explicitly mass dependent. Moreover, we have also analyzed and listed explicit mass-independent and mass-dependent relations.
The interactive effect of person and situation on explorative and exploitative behavior
Authors: Garcia Fernando , Guidice Rebecca M. , Mero Neal P.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine contextual factors (empowerment, ownership, and accountability) that facilitate and promote exploration and exploitation behavior. Data were obtained from an American manufacturing company using employee and supervisor surveys (n = 297). Findings indicate that empowerment improved exploitation and that when employees perceived they would have to be accountable for their actions, employees who felt empowered showed lower gains in exploration behaviors compared with those who felt less empowered; in contrast, those having feelings of ownership exhibited higher gains in exploration behavior than those who scored low in ownership. Although ownership was theorized to have a positive effect on exploitative behavior, we found evidence for its negative effects instead. We contribute to the limited individual-level ambidexterity literature by providing empirical evidence on the effects of contextual factors on ambidextrous behavior. This knowledge could help firms better manage employee behavior and implement effective supervisory oversight.
Goal congruence in teams and performance: The role of (shared) psychological contract fulfilment
Authors: Schreuder Frits , Schalk René , Batistič Sasa
Published: July 2019

This study examines the motivating effects of goal congruence on outcomes in teams. Building on psychological contract theory and theories of person–environment fit, we proposed at the team level of analysis a mediating role of psychological contract fulfilment (PCF) and moderating effects of task interdependence and team identification. The results indicate partial mediation of shared PCF in the goal congruence – team performance relationships and a significant moderation effect of team identification with team alignment in learning goal orientations.
ON THE EULER CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNED SELMER GROUPS
Authors: AHMED SUMAN , LIM MENG FAI
Published: July 2019

Let$p$be an odd prime number and$E$an elliptic curve defined over a number field$F$with good reduction at every prime of$F$above$p$. We compute the Euler characteristics of the signed Selmer groups of$E$over the cyclotomic$\mathbb{Z}_{p}$-extension. The novelty of our result is that we allow the elliptic curve to have mixed reduction types for primes above$p$and mixed signs in the definition of the signed Selmer groups.
Who benefits from ecosystem services? Analysing recreational moose hunting in Vermont, USA
Authors: Grima Nelson , Fisher Brendan , Ricketts Taylor H. , Sonter Laura J.
Published: July 2019

Ecosystem services typically benefit multiple groups of people. However, natural resource management decisions aiming to secure ecosystem services for one beneficiary group rarely consider potential consequences for others. Here, we examine records of moose hunting in Vermont, USA, a recreational ecosystem service with at least two beneficiary groups: hunters, who benefit from recreational experiences and moose meat, and residents, who live in hunting areas and benefit from hunters’ expenditures. We ask how the allocation of hunting permits has affected (1) the total number of hunters and therefore the benefits enjoyed by this group, (2) the benefits residents received, and (3) the spatial distribution of benefits for each group. We found that changes in the allocation of permits had heterogeneous effects on the beneficiaries. For example, increasing the number of hunting permits increased the total number of hunters, but not necessarily the number of residents who potentially benefit. Also, a more balanced distribution of permits across Vermont increased the total number of potentially benefiting residents, but not those from lower socio-economic groups. Understanding these differences and interactions between beneficiary groups is necessary to distribute benefits equitably amongst them.
Prenatal detection of fetal heart disease at Jordan University Hospital: early experience in a developing country
Authors: Tutunji Laila , Thekrallah Fida , Basha Asma , Awaysheh Bushra , Amer Shorouq , Khatib Lina , Hamdan Lubna , Saber Nisreen , Mustafa Asma , Jadallah Rama , Kazaleh Fawaz , Al-Lawama Manar , Badran Eman , AL-Ammouri Iyad
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To report on the first 5 years of establishment of fetal echocardiographic services at the Jordan University Hospital with emphasis on diagnosis and outcome.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on all fetal echocardiographic studies performed between January 2011 and December 2015. Data collected included maternal demographics, referral indications, fetal cardiac diagnosis, correlation to post-natal diagnosis, outcome of pregnancy including pre-mature delivery and perinatal mortality. Basic statistical analysis was performed including demographic analysis, and calculation of fetal echocardiographic sensitivity and specificity.

Results:

A total of 208 fetuses underwent fetal echocardiographic evaluation at a mean gestational age of 26.5 (±5) weeks. The most common referral indication was a suspicion of CHD during the obstetric ultrasound (44.2%), followed by cardiac dysfunction (18.2%), and a family history of CHD (14.9%). Fetal echocardiography showed CHD in 71 fetuses (34%), heart failure in 26 (12.5%), arrhythmia in 9 (4.3%), and intracardiac masses in 2. In the remaining 100 fetuses (48%), fetal echocardiography showed normal evaluation. For detecting CHD, fetal echocardiography had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Perinatal mortality including termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, and neonatal mortality was highest in heart failure (77%), and was 41% for CHD.

Conclusion:

The fetal cardiac diagnostic services at the Jordan University Hospital have encouraging initial results with a relatively high sensitivity and specificity. The services further positively impacted the quality of counselling offered and facilitated pre- and post-natal management.
Two rare cases of paraganglioma in patients with Fontan physiology
Authors: Moore Lily M. , Knudson Jarrod D.
Published: July 2019

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is an exceedingly rare tumour, thought to share an association with cyanotic CHD. This association is thought to be a result of chronic hypoxaemia (Antonio et al, Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 2017; 70: 673–675; Folger et al, Circulation 1964; 29: 750–757; Opotowsky et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 1325–1334) We report two cases of paraganglioma over a 4-year period in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had undergone Fontan completion by ages 2 and 4. Based on a very small number of reported cases of CHD, the mechanism of tumourigenesis is unclear. It is imperative that cases associated with CHD continue to be reported so that we may learn more about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this entity.
Fuck Autonomy: Neo-Orientalism and Abjection in Michel Houellebecq’sSoumission
Authors: Nilsson Per-Erik
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the author critically analyses Michel Houellebecq’s novelSoumission(Flammarion, 2017). The analysis uses post-structural theories of discourse, gender, and post-colonialism. The author argues that the novel employs neo-orientalist modes of identification where abjection is a fundamental theme. A neo-orientalist mode of identification refers to how knowledge about Muslims as an abjectotheris produced through various discursive techniques of differentiation, and how this performative practice is articulated through contingent conceptions of race, religion, and gender. Abjection refers to a symbolic castration, namely the central theme of how Western masculinity and European civilization has been de-masculinized by social democracy, liberalism, globalization, and feminism. Finally, the analysis of the novel is contrasted and compared with Houellebecq’s earlier writings.
Enhancing Political Representation Through the European Economic Constitution? Regressive Politics of Democratic Inclusion
Authors: Jaakkola Jussi
Published: July 2019

Interrelation between economic and political dimensions of constitutionalism – European market integration and erosion of democratic representation within Member States of the EU – Regulatory externalities between national democracies – European market citizenship and its ramifications for democratically legitimate exercise of the power to tax – Underinclusiveness of domestic democratic process – Political representation beyond the state – European economic constitution as a source of political empowerment and the EU economic freedoms as political rights – The European Court of Justice as a protector of representation – Reinforcing political participation through regulatory competition – European market freedoms enhance representation but at the expense of political equality – Economic freedoms as insufficient means of political empowerment – Improving democratic representation and equality beyond the state requires properly political citizenship instead of mere market rights
Improved Arctic Ocean Bathymetry Derived From DTU17 Gravity Model
Authors: Abulaitijiang Adili , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Sandwell David
Published: July 2019

The existing bathymetry map of the Arctic is a compilation of ship soundings and digitized contours. Due to the presence of all‐year sea ice, costly operations and political restrictions, dense and full coverage of the Arctic is not possible, leaving huge gaps between the existing surveys. In this paper, we make use of the existing Arctic bathymetry IBCAOv3 and invert Arctic bathymetry from the recent altimetric gravity model DTU17, whose accuracy is improved significantly with revised data processing strategy. The long and short wavelength components are preserved from IBCAOv3. The band‐pass‐filtering function proposed by Smith and Sandwell (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00988) is adapted for the Arctic by reducing the cutoff wavelength. The predicted bathymetry is within 100 m on 85.8% of the grid nodes, when compared to the IBCAOv3. The consistency of the prediction is validated with two independent profiles from Healy cruises conducted in 2016 over the Chukchi Cap. A questionable valley in the IBCAOv3 is detected with gravity and at this spot, bathymetry predicted from gravity is consistent with independent multibeam soundings. The gravity‐inverted bathymetry could be combined with ship soundings for the next generation of Arctic bathymetry map.
Using Project Loon Superpressure Balloon Observations to Investigate the Inertial Peak in the Intrinsic Wind Spectrum in the Midlatitude Stratosphere
Authors: Conway J. P. , Bodeker G. E. , Waugh D. W. , Murphy D. J. , Cameron C. , Lewis J.
Published: July 2019

Location information from superpressure balloons flown by Project Loon provide an unprecedented opportunity to analyze wind fields in the midlatitude stratosphere. Horizontal velocity spectra from the balloons' quasi‐intrinsic frame of reference show clear evidence of a persistent peak in the intrinsic wind spectrum around the inertial frequency. In the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of horizontal velocity perturbations (on the order of 20 m/s) are larger than those seen in previous superpressure balloon campaigns in polar regions and similar to those observed in vertical soundings in the midlatitudes. A rotary spectral analysis shows that near‐circular anticyclonic rotation of horizontal wind perturbations around the inertial frequency dominate at most times and locations. The strongest anticyclonic rotation is more common in balloon flight segments with weak zonal winds and during the austral summer. Flight segments with strong eastward zonal velocities during austral winter and spring are more likely to have mixed cyclonic and anticyclonic power around the inertial frequency. These results confirm previous model and radiosonde observations of the peak in horizontal kinetic energy at the inertial frequency and demonstrate they are associated with increased anticyclonic wave power indicative of near‐inertial oscillations or inertia‐gravity waves. Flight segments with mixed cyclonic and anticyclonic power around the inertial frequency display a continuum of wave power from planetary to gravity wave scales. These results help explain the divergence of actual and modeled balloon trajectories in previous studies and provide a baseline against which reanalysis or meteorological model realizations of the intrinsic velocity field can be assessed.
Sociohydrology: Scientific Challenges in Addressing the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Sivapalan Murugesu , Rusca Maria , Cudennec Christophe , Garcia Margaret , Kreibich Heidi , Konar Megan , Mondino Elena , Mård Johanna , Pande Saket , Sanderson Matthew R. , Tian Fuqiang , Viglione Alberto , Wei Jing , Wei Yongping , Yu David J. , Srinivasan Veena , Blöschl Günter
Published: July 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations Agenda 2030 represent an ambitious blueprint to reduce inequalities globally and achieve a sustainable future for all mankind. Meeting the SDGs for water requires an integrated approach to managing and allocating water resources, by involving all actors and stakeholders, and considering how water resources link different sectors of society. To date, water management practice is dominated by technocratic, scenario‐based approaches that may work well in the short term but can result in unintended consequences in the long term due to limited accounting of dynamic feedbacks between the natural, technical, and social dimensions of human‐water systems. The discipline of sociohydrology has an important role to play in informing policy by developing a generalizable understanding of phenomena that arise from interactions between water and human systems. To explain these phenomena, sociohydrology must address several scientific challenges to strengthen the field and broaden its scope. These include engagement with social scientists to accommodate social heterogeneity, power relations, trust, cultural beliefs, and cognitive biases, which strongly influence the way in which people alter, and adapt to, changing hydrological regimes. It also requires development of new methods to formulate and test alternative hypotheses for the explanation of emergent phenomena generated by feedbacks between water and society. Advancing sociohydrology in these ways therefore represents a major contribution toward meeting the targets set by the SDGs, the societal grand challenge of our time.
Rupture Process of the Mw 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland
Authors: Király‐Proag E. , Satriano C. , Bernard P. , Wiemer S.
Published: July 2019

We analyze slip distribution and rupture kinematics of a Mw3.3 induced event that occurred in the St. Gallen geothermal reservoir (NE Switzerland) in 2013. We carry out a two‐step procedure: (1) path effects are deconvolved from the seismograms using an empirical Green's function, resulting in relative source time functions at all seismic stations; (2) the relative source time functions are back‐projected to the corresponding isochrones on the fault plane. Results reveal that the mainshock rupture propagates toward NNE from the hypocenter with an average velocity of 2,000 m/s. Spatiotemporal organization of foreshocks and aftershocks shows that the mainshock broke a previously less active portion of the fault and suggests that the aftershock sequence could be mainly driven by stress transfer. Applying this method in an operational environment could enable fast retrieval of seismic slip, allowing assessment of fault asperities and structures involved in the reservoir creation process.
SO2 Emission Estimates Using OMI SO2 Retrievals for 2005–2017
Authors: Qu Zhen , Henze Daven K. , Li Can , Theys Nicolas , Wang Yi , Wang Jun , Wang Wei , Han Jihyun , Shim Changsub , Dickerson Russell R. , Ren Xinrong
Published: July 2019

SO2 column densities from Ozone Monitoring Instrument provide important information on emission trends and missing sources, but there are discrepancies between different retrieval products. We employ three Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO2 retrieval products (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard (SP), NASA prototype, and BIRA) to study the magnitude and trend of SO2 emissions. SO2 column densities from these retrievals are most consistent when viewing angles and solar zenith angles are small, suggesting more robust emission estimates in summer and at low latitudes. We then apply a hybrid 4D‐Var/mass balance emission inversion to derive monthly SO2 emissions from the NASA SP and BIRA products. Compared to HTAPv2 emissions in 2010, both posterior emission estimates are lower in United States, India, and Southeast China, but show different changes of emissions in North China Plain. The discrepancies between monthly NASA and BIRA posterior emissions in 2010 are less than or equal to 17% in China and 34% in India. SO2 emissions increase from 2005 to 2016 by 35% (NASA)–48% (BIRA) in India, but decrease in China by 23% (NASA)–33% (BIRA) since 2008. Compared to in situ measurements, the posterior GEOS‐Chem surface SO2 concentrations have reduced NMB in China, the United States, and India but not in South Korea in 2010. BIRA posteriors have better consistency with the annual growth rate of surface SO2 measurement in China and spatial variability of SO2 concentration in China, South Korea, and India, whereas NASA SP posteriors have better seasonality. These evaluations demonstrate the capability to recover SO2 emissions using Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations.
Concept of an Experimental Ultralong‐Wavelength Radio Array
Authors: Chen Linjie , Yan Yihua
Published: July 2019

The Ultralong‐Wavelength (ULW) regime of longer than 10 m (corresponding to frequencies below 30 MHz) remains as the last virtually unexplored window in radio astronomy and is presently attracting considerable attention as an area of potentially rewarding studies. However, the opaqueness of the Earth's ionosphere makes the ULW celestial radio emission very difficult to detect with ground‐based instrumentation. The impact of the ionosphere on ULW radio emission depends on the solar cycle activities and varies with time. In addition, the ULW spectrum region is densely populated by intensive artificial radio frequency interference. An obvious solution of these problems is to place an ULW radio telescope in space. However, this solution is expensive and poses nonnegligible technological challenges. An alternative approach is triggered by recent studies showing that the period of post 2020 will be most suitable for exploratory ground‐based ULW radio observations due to the expected “calm” state of the ionosphere; the ionospheric cutoff frequency could be well below 10 MHz, even in the day time. In anticipation of this upcoming opportunity, we propose and present in this paper a concept of an experimental ULW radio array, with the intention of setting it up in Inner Mongolia, China. This ULW facility will use the infrastructure of the currently operational Mingantu spectral radio heliograph. The proposed ULW array covers the frequency range from 1 to 72 MHz. This experimental array will be used for exploratory studies of celestial radio emission in the ULW range of the spectrum.
Fast-track care with intraoperative blood salvage in laparoscopic splenectomy
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Jianwei , Ye Qinghuang , Wang Zhijiang , Weng Weihong , Zhu Jinhui
Published: July 2019

Fast-track surgery is claimed to reduce medical morbidity, eliminate the hospitalization needs, and shorten the convalescence period. Intraoperative bleeding as the main complication is also the primary cause of conversion from laparoscopic to open splenectomy. Intraoperative blood salvage can reduce transfusion requirements, decrease the conversion rate to open, and promote fast-tracking in laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). From November 2007 through December 2016 we collected medical data of 115 LS patients. There were three groups: 54 patients receiving routine care (we marks them as Group RT), 33 patients with fast-track care (Group FT), and 28 receiving fast-track care receiving intraoperative splenic blood salvage and autotransfusion (Group FT + ISBS). These medical data are comprised of included three phases (pre-, intra-, and postoperative). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between RT, FT, and FT + ISBS groups. The hemoglobin level in Group FT + ISBS was significantly higher than in Group RT and Group FT. Comparing the duration of hospital stay of 3 groups, Group RT stayed for a significantly longer time than Group FT and Group FT + ISBS, Group FT + ISBSmuch shorter than Group FT. Comparing the hospitalization expense, GroupFT + ISBS significantly expended less than Group RT and Group FT. Our study shows that laparoscopic splenectomy with fast-track care is feasible, effective, and safe for patients who require splenectomy. Fast-tracking with intraoperative blood salvage improved the fast-track laparoscopic splenectomy procedure.
The safety and preventive effects of a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator in Japanese migraine patients
Authors: Danno Daisuke , Iigaya Miho , Imai Noboru , Igarashi Hisaka , Takeshima Takao
Published: July 2019

Cefaly (Cefaly Technology, Seraing, Belgium) is a device that stimulates the bilateral supraorbital nerve transcutaneously. A previous study in Europe proved that Cefaly was an effective and safe device as a preventive therapy for migraine. However, there have been no studies on this device in Asia. We examined the safety and preventive effect of Cefaly for migraine. One-hundred patients were prospectively collected from four headache units in Japan. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 18–75 years of age, migraine with and without aura, and at least 2 attacks per month. A 4-week baseline period was followed by 12-week treatment period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the number of migraine days at 12 weeks. The secondary end points include the changes of the number of migraine attacks, all headache days, acute medicine consumption days and headache severity. After treatment, a questionnaire survey on the satisfaction of the treatment was administered to the patients. The Friedmann test was used to assess the changes between baseline period and after treatment, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of efficacy between chronic migraine and episodic migraine, with and without prophylactic treatment or medication overuse. After 12 weeks of treatment, Cefaly use significantly decreased the number of migraine days (8.16 vs. 6.84; p = 0.0036). Only three subjects (3.0%) dropped out due to the adverse effects; however, no serious adverse events were observed. The compliance of this study was very high at 90.0%. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the number of migraine attacks (5.33 vs. 3.94; p = 0.0002) and the intake of acute antimigraine drugs (8.75 vs. 7.83; p = 0.0166). Cefaly is considered to be a safe and highly tolerable effective device for Japanese patients. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered to UMIN-CTR(UMIN000033333) on 10 July 2018.
Acute stress-induced change in polysialic acid levels mediated by sialidase in mouse brain
Authors: Abe Chikara , Yi Yang , Hane Masaya , Kitajima Ken , Sato Chihiro
Published: July 2019

Stress is an important environmental factor influencing human behaviour and causing several mental disorders. Alterations in the structure of polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) due to genetic alterations in ST8SIA2, which encodes a polySia-synthesizing enzyme, are related to certain mental disorders. However, whether stress as an environmental factor leads to changes in polySia structure is unknown. Here we studied the effects of acute stress on polySia expression and found reductions in both the quantity and quality of polySia in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, even with short-term exposure to acute stress. The use of inhibitors for sialidase, microglia and astrocytes revealed that these declines were due to a transient action of sialidase from microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, respectively. These data suggest that sialidase dynamically regulates polySia expression in a brain region-specific manner.
Overall survival is improved when DCIS accompanies invasive breast cancer
Authors: Kole Adam J. , Park Henry S. , Johnson Skyler B. , Kelly Jacqueline R. , Moran Meena S. , Patel Abhijit A.
Published: July 2019

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) often presents alone or with a co-existing ductal carcinoma in situ component (IDC + DCIS). Studies have suggested that pure IDC may exhibit different biological behavior than IDC + DCIS, but whether this translates to a difference in outcomes is unclear. Here, utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified 494,801 stage I-III breast cancer patients diagnosed with either IDC alone or IDC + DCIS. We found that IDC + DCIS was associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to IDC alone (5-year OS, 89.3% vs. 85.5%, p < 0.001), and this finding persisted on multivariable Cox modeling adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables. The significantly superior OS observed for IDC + DCIS was limited to patients with invasive tumor size < 4 cm or with node negative disease. A greater improvement in OS was observed for tumors containing ≥25% DCIS component. We also found IDC + DCIS to be associated with lower T/N stage, low/intermediate grade, ER/PR positivity, and receipt of mastectomy. Thus, the presence of a DCIS component in patients with IDC is associated with favorable clinical characteristics and independently predicts improved OS. IDC + DCIS could be a useful prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer, particularly if treatment de-escalation is being considered for small or node negative tumors.
Novel Electrodes and Engineered Interfaces for Halide-Semiconductor Radiation Detectors
Authors: Datta Amlan , Becla Piotr , Motakef Shariar
Published: July 2019

A new class of inorganic halide semiconductors are emerging as high-efficiency low-cost candidates for spectroscopic radiation detection. We report on solving one of the major challenges of these halide radiation detectors. At room temperature halide semiconductor detectors polarize under applied electric field, which not only degrades the charge collection efficiency of the detectors, but also promotes chemical reaction of the metal electrodes with the halide ions. This increases the metal-semiconductor interface noise and early failure of the spectroscopic detection capabilities of the device. We report on a solution to this challenge by application of novel electrodes on Thallium Bromide (TlBr) radiation detectors with virtually defect-free electrode-semiconductor interfaces, showing low noise and high detection stability for an extended period of time under accelerated ageing conditions. A number of TlBr detectors fabricated by this technique have demonstrated continuous stable detection performance (e.g. ±1% change in 662 keV gamma channel) for more than 4000 hours at room temperature. This report also shows continuously recorded 137Cs gamma radiation response of a unidirectionally-biased pixelated TlBr detector over more than 2 months (a total of 2880 data sets), which exhibit excellent stability. The developed approach has resulted in unprecedented low-noise stable performance of halide semiconductor detectors at room temperature, overcoming one of the major obstacles to the full consideration of TlBr (and other halide semiconductors) as a potentially low-cost replacement for Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT).
Magnetic Field Characteristics of Multiple Niobium Three-dimensional Nano-bridge Junctions in Parallel
Authors: Chen Xiaohan , Chen Lei , Wang Yue , Wu Long , Liu Xiaoyu , Ma Linxian , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2019

The superconducting device of multiple Josephson junctions in arrays has increasingly attracted interest in both applications and fundamental research. The challenge of array integration and scaling is a wide concern. The present study investigated superconducting devices of multiple niobium three-dimensional nano-bridge junctions (3D-NBJs) in parallel. We fabricated evenly and unevenly spaced devices of three to six 3D-NBJs in parallel. We measured the critical current as a function of the magnetic field and voltage to magnetic field transfer function of each device. The derivative of voltage with respect to the magnetic field at the sensitive point increased linearly with the number of junctions. A maximal derivative of 97.3 V/T was achieved by our device with six unevenly spaced junctions in parallel. Furthermore, we carried out numerical simulations on devices of three and four junctions in parallel using the current–phase relation of a single 3D-NBJ. The CPR was determined by comparing the measured and simulated magnetic flux modulations of nano-SQUID. Qualitative agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental measurement suggests that it is possible to use 3D-NBJs to build SQUID arrays or SQIFs with high integration density.
Association of Prehospital Epinephrine Administration With Survival Among Patients With Traumatic Cardiac Arrest Caused By Traffic Collisions
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Abe Toshikazu , Oshima Kiyohiro
Published: July 2019

For traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA), the effect of prehospital epinephrine administration was unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prehospital epinephrine administration and survival in patients with TCA caused by traffic collisions. We conducted a nationwide, prospective, population-based observational study involving patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by using the All-Japan Utstein Registry. Blunt trauma patients with TCA who received prehospital epinephrine were compared with those who did not receive prehospital epinephrine. The primary outcome was 1-month survival of patients. The secondary outcome was prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A total of 5,204 patients with TCA were analyzed. Of those, 758 patients (14.6%) received prehospital epinephrine (Epinephrine group), whereas the remaining 4,446 patients (85.4%) did not receive prehospital epinephrine (No epinephrine group). Eleven (1.5%) and 41 (0.9%) patients in the Epinephrine and No epinephrine groups, respectively, survived for 1 month. In addition, 74 (9.8%) and 40 (0.9%) patients achieved prehospital ROSC in the Epinephrine and No epinephrine groups, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, prehospital epinephrine administration was not associated with 1-month survival (odds ratio [OR] 1.495, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.758 to 2.946) and was associated with prehospital ROSC (OR 3.784, 95% CI 2.102 to 6.812). A propensity score-matched analysis showed similar results for 1-month survival (OR 2.363, 95% CI 0.606 to 9,223) and prehospital ROSC (OR 6.870, 95% CI 3.326 to 14.192). Prehospital epinephrine administration in patients with TCA was not associated with 1-month survival, but was beneficial in regard to prehospital ROSC.
Acceptor reactivity in glycosylation reactions
Authors: van der Vorm Stefan , Hansen Thomas , van Hengst Jacob M. A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codée Jeroen D. C.
Published: July 2019

The effect of the reactivity of the glycosyl acceptor on the outcome of glycosylation reactions is reviewed.
Imaging of Ag NP transport through collagen-rich microstructures in fibroblast multicellular spheroids by high-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Arakawa Akihiro , Jakubowski Norbert , Koellensperger Gunda , Theiner Sarah , Schweikert Andreas , Flemig Sabine , Iwahata Daigo , Traub Heike , Hirata Takafumi
Published: July 2019

Intercellular Cu increased along with the number of accumulated Ag NPs.
Acid-catalyzed chirality-transferring intramolecular Friedel–Crafts cyclization of α-hydroxy-α-alkenylsilanes
Authors: Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Kubota Shunnichi , Akagi Wataru , Ikeda Naoko , Higashino Masato , Ariyoshi Shoma , Shinada Tetsuro , Ohfune Yasufumi , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: July 2019

Acid-catalyzed intramolecular Friedel–Crafts cyclization of optically active α-hydroxy-α-alkenylsilanes possessing a benzene ring (>99% ee) with TMSOTf as a Lewis acid gave enantio-enriched tetrahydronaphthalenes (up to 98% ee).
An integrated platform for a high-throughput pharmacokinetic study of glycosides using a boronic acid-functionalized 96-well glass plate
Authors: Zhao Ningning , Gu Qianqian , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu
Published: July 2019

The novel Vial@FPBA strategy was established for a large-scale pharmacokinetic study of glycosides, during which glycosides were absorbed into a boronic acid-functionalized 96-well glass plate and directly desorbed for UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.
Water-guided synthesis of well-defined inorganic micro-/nanostructures
Authors: Ren Haoqi , Cui Jie , Sun Shaodong
Published: July 2019

In this review, we summarize the advances made in the development of the shape-controlled synthesis of inorganic micro-/nanostructures achieved by only adjusting the amount of water.
Thiyl radicals are co-products of dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) formation
Authors: Truzzi Daniela R. , Augusto Ohara , Ford Peter C.
Published: July 2019

Thiyl radicals are detected by EPR as co-products of dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) formation.
Growth behavior of ammonothermal GaN crystals grown on non-polar and semi-polar HVPE GaN seeds
Authors: Li Tengkun , Ren Guoqiang , Su Xujun , Yao Jingjing , Yan Zixiang , Gao Xiaodong , Xu Ke
Published: July 2019

This paper investigated the growth behaviors of ammonothermal GaN crystals grown on non-polar and semi-polar HVPE GaN seeds.
Resonant photoionization of O2 up to the fourth ionization threshold
Authors: Marggi Poullain Sonia , Klinker Markus , González-Vázquez Jesús , Martín Fernando
Published: July 2019

We present a detailed theoretical study of valence-shell photoionization of the oxygen molecule by using the recently proposed XCHEM method.
Ab initio kinetics of the C2H2 + NH2 reaction: a revisited study
Authors: Mai Tam V.-T. , Huynh Lam K.
Published: July 2019

This work provides a rigorous detailed kinetic study on the C2H2 + NH2 reaction in a wide range of conditions (T = 250–2000 K & P = 1–76000 Torr).
Unusual triplet–triplet annihilation in a 3D copper(i) chloride coordination polymer
Authors: Schlachter Adrien , Bonnot Antoine , Fortin Daniel , Karsenti Paul-Ludovic , Knorr Michael , Harvey Pierre D.
Published: July 2019

[Cu2Cl2(EtS(CH2)4SEt)4]n exhibits ultrafast Dexter driven triplet–triplet annihilation at 298 K (kQ = 1.3 × 1010 s−1) but a significantly slower one at 77 K (by 20 folds), despite large contraction of the unit cell. This process is explained by a large activation barrier.
Tunneling effects in confined gold nanoparticle hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Luza Leandro , Gual Aitor , Fernandes Jesum Alves , Eberhardt Dario , Dupont Jairton
Published: July 2019

H2 activation proceeds via homolytic activation over AuNPs confined in ionic liquid hybrid supports and display high kinetic isotope effects and convex curves in the Arrhenius plots, which suggests the possible involvement of a tunneling pathway.
Readily available Ti-beta as an efficient catalyst for greener and sustainable production of campholenic aldehyde
Authors: Puche Panadero Marta , Velty Alexandra
Published: July 2019

Different Ti-beta zeolite samples were prepared following a convenient and optimized post-synthetic route and starting from commercial Al-beta zeolite.
Hierarchical Ag/Bi2MoO6 hollow nanoboxes with high photocatalytic performance
Authors: Ma Ying , Jia Yulong , Lin Yinhe , Shi Wenbing
Published: July 2019

Hierarchical Ag/Bi2MoO6 hollow nanoboxes with high photocatalytic performance are fabricated by using Ag3PO4 nanocubes as templates and Ag precursor sources.
Limited nitrogen retention in an urban river receiving raw sewage and wastewater treatment plant effluent
Authors: Huang Jingshui , Yin Hailong , Jomaa Seifeddine , Rode Michael , Zhou Qi
Published: July 2019

Instream nitrogen retention capacities are impaired by treated and untreated point-source inputs.
The key role of ovalbumin in lipid bioaccessibility and oxidation product profile during thein vitrodigestion of slightly oxidized soybean oil
Authors: Martin-Rubio A. S. , Sopelana P. , Guillén M. D.
Published: July 2019

Oxidation compounds profile and lipolysis degree of slightly oxidized soybean oil digestate can be affected by ovalbumin presence during digestion.
Environmental sustainability of cellulose-supported solid ionic liquids for CO2 capture
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Pelayo , Cuéllar-Franca Rosa M. , Reed Dan , Dowson George , Styring Peter , Azapagic Adisa
Published: July 2019

The life cycle environmental impacts of cellulose-supported solid ionic liquids are estimated in comparison with a range of other CO2 sorbents.
Synthesis of benzaldehyde with high selectivity using immobilized AuNPs and AuNPs@zeolite in a catalytic microfluidic system
Authors: Rao Xi , Abou Hassan Ali , Guyon Cédric , Martinez Ruiz Erick Osvaldo , Tatoulian Michaël , Ognier Stephanie
Published: July 2019

The immobilized AuNPs showed a benzaldehyde selectivity of 94% with benzyl alcohol conversion of 20% in water medium. In comparison, the immobilized AuNPs@zeolite showed a higher catalytic performance (selectivity >99%, conversion = 42.4%).
Quantum dot based 3D printed woodpile photonic crystals tuned for the visible
Authors: Sakellari Ioanna , Kabouraki Elmina , Karanikolopoulos Dimitris , Droulias Sotiris , Farsari Maria , Loukakos Panagiotis , Vamvakaki Maria , Gray David
Published: July 2019

3D printed woodpile photonic crystals functionalized with CdS quantum dots are tuned for visible applications.
Thiazole-based non-symmetric NNC–palladium pincer complexes as catalytic precursors for the Suzuki–Miyaura C–C coupling
Authors: Camacho-Espinoza Martín , Reyes-Deloso Alberto , Toscano R. Alfredo , Penieres-Carrillo J. Guillermo , López-Cortés José G. , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen , Ortega-Jiménez Fernando
Published: July 2019

New non-symmetric pincer palladacycles, containing [N,N,C] tridentate ligands are synthesized and their catalytic activities in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction are tested using water under aerobic conditions and IR irradiation.
Simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of UHMWPE with polydopamine-coated expandable graphite
Authors: Wang Huaming , Cao Jingshi , Luo Fubin , Cao Changlin , Qian Qingrong , Huang Baoquan , Xiao Liren , Chen Qinghua
Published: July 2019

The potential prospect of expandable graphite (EG) in the development of polymer composites is severely limited by required large additions and poor interface compatibility with the polymer.
A green approach to obtain stable and hydrophilic cellulose-based electrospun nanofibrous substrates for sustained release of therapeutic molecules
Authors: Kurečič Manja , Mohan Tamilselvan , Virant Natalija , Maver Uroš , Stergar Janja , Gradišnik Lidija , Kleinschek Karin Stana , Hribernik Silvo
Published: July 2019

Stable and (bio)-compatible nanofibrous matrices showing effective incorporation and release of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hold a huge potential in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic branched silica derivatives associated with oligomeric medium
Authors: Davletbaev R. S. , Zaripov I. I. , Faizulina Z. Z. , Davletbaeva I. M. , Domrachova D. S. , Gumerov A. M.
Published: July 2019

The scheme of ASiP formation.
Layered metal–organic framework based on tetracyanonickelate as a cathode material for in situ Li-ion storage
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Lee Tae Hyung , Bubach Bailey , Ostadhassan Mehdi , Jang Ho Won , Choi Ji-Won , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: July 2019

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) with tetracyanide linkers have been studied as electrode materials for Li-ion storage.
Using cellulose polymorphs for enhanced hydrogen production from photocatalytic reforming
Authors: Chang Colby , Skillen Nathan , Nagarajan Sanjay , Ralphs Kathryn , Irvine John T. S. , Lawton Linda , Robertson Peter K. J.
Published: July 2019

For the first time, a cellulose polymorph is used as a starting material for improved photocatalytic hydrogen production.
A surface-mounted MOF thin film with oriented nanosheet arrays for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li De-Jing , Li Qiao-Hong , Gu Zhi-Gang , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2019

We developed an oriented thin film of 3-D Co/Ni MOF nanosheet arrays on Cu foam with strong adhesion on the substrates without the use of binder materials, providing more accessible active sites for electrocatalysis.
Interfacial effects in supported catalysts for electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Chen , Yan Dafeng , Wang Yanyong , Chen Ru , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: July 2019

Significant efforts have been devoted to design and develop supported catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems since they have enhanced electrocatalytic activity.