bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SKAP2, a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes, regulates β-cell apoptosis and glycaemic control in newly diagnosed patients
Authors: Admin Ada , Fløyel Tina , Meyerovich Kira , Prause Michala C. , Kaur Simranjeet , Frørup Caroline , Mortensen Henrik B. , Nielsen Lotte B. , Pociot Flemming , Cardozo Alessandra K. , Størling Joachim
Published: November 2020

The single
nucleotide polymorphism rs7804356 located in the Src kinase-associated
phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2) gene is associated with type 1 diabetes
(T1D) suggesting SKAP2 as a causal
candidate gene. The objective of the study was to investigate if SKAP2 has a
functional role in the β-cells in relation to T1D. In a cohort of children with
newly diagnosed T1D, rs7804356 predicted glycaemic control and residual β-cell
function during first year after diagnosis. In INS-1E cells and rat and human
islets, pro-inflammatory cytokines reduced the content of SKAP2. Functional
studies revealed that knockdown of SKAP2 aggravated cytokine-induced apoptosis
in INS-1E cells and primary rat b-cells, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function of
SKAP2. In support of this, overexpression of SKAP2 afforded protection against
cytokine-induced apoptosis which correlated with reduced nuclear content of
S536-phosphorylated NFκB subunit p65, lower nitric oxide production and diminished
C/EBP-homologues protein (CHOP) expression indicative of decreased endoplasmic
reticulum stress. Knockdown of CHOP partially counteracted the increase in
cytokine-induced apoptosis caused by SKAP2 knockdown. In conclusion, our
results suggest that SKAP2 controls β-cell sensitivity to cytokines possibly by
affecting the NFκB-iNOS-ER stress pathway.
teoria dos stakeholders nas diferentes perspectivas
Authors: Bazanini Roberto , Adra Ricardo Daniel , Rubeo Roberto Enzo , Lanix Tirone Francisco Chahad , Barbosa Catharina Pereira
Published: November 2020

As ciências sociais aplicadas se caracterizam por controvérsias, conveniências e críticas. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória, o objetivo do trabalho está em analisar as controvérsias, conveniências e críticas decorrentes das especificidades e limites presentes nas diferentes abordagens da teoria dos stakeholders. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a teoria dos stakeholders apresenta inúmeros pontos questionáveis, desde a classificação dos conceitos até a pertinência dos modelos propostos. A contribuição da pesquisa, ao destacar as controvérsias, conveniências e críticas remete a importância de explicitar critérios objetivos para ordenamento dos fins organizacionais, em situações de conflitos de interesse.
dedicatorias en las novelas juveniles argentinas
Authors: Martínez Damián Nicolás
Published: November 2020

El artículo explora las dedicatorias escritas por autores/as de novelas juveniles argentinas, publicadas en el período 1983-2020. En primer lugar, se abordan las dedicatorias en función de algunas categorías planteadas por Gerard Genette. Luego, se analizan en profundidad las dedicatorias de novelas de temas difíciles y las novelas de temática sobre inmigración. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la riqueza del abordaje de las dedicatorias junto con otros elementos paratextuales (prólogos, introducciones, etc.) para leer novelas juveniles.
Papel de la matemática en el conocimiento, en la vida ordinaria
Authors: De Lorenzo Javier
Published: November 2020

El Hacer matemático es, en general, un desconocido. Si se habla de él es, en principio, para mostrar un rechazo: se le acusa de ser el responsable del llamado fracaso escolar y muchos de los que se orientan por los estudios de las llamadas humanidades lo hacen por huir de la matemática. Y, sin embargo, vivimos en un mundo matematizado de artefactos. Un mundo que se originó en la Revolución agrícola cuando grupos de homínidos adoptaron para su transformación la técnica, la matemática, lo simbólico. Elementos convertidos en partes constitutivas de la especie humana. Como uno de esos elementos, la matemática tiene un papel esencial para lograr el conocimiento y, con él, construir los artefactos con los que se ha llegado a la sociedad occidental a la que pertenecemos.
¿Es realmente accesorio el cuerpo? Cuestiones por resolver acerca del mind uploading
Authors: Ostiz Mikel
Published: November 2020

El mind uploading es el acto de transferir una mente de su sustrato original (el cuerpo biológico de la persona) a otro sustrato, que puede ser también biológico, o bien robótico o incluso digital. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el movimiento transhumanista y tiene como objetivo último la inmortalidad personal más allá de la duración temporal del cuerpo biológico. La tesis de este artículo es que el mind uploading es una propuesta que se presenta principalmente como tecnológica, pero que, en realidad, tiene implicaciones a muchos otros niveles: antropológico, cultural, político, etc., por lo que requiere una reflexión más profunda. Por ello, se analizan en este artículo dos dimensiones del mind-uploading: su posibilidad real de realización y su deseabilidad, sin pretender tanto dar respuestas finales como suscitar preguntas que se dan muchas veces por descontadas.
Every minute counts: in-hospital changes of left ventricular regional and global function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Cammalleri Valeria , Marsili Giorgia , Stelitano Maria , Tavernese Annamaria , Mauceri Agnese , Macrini Massimiliano , Stifano Giuseppe , Muscoli Saverio , Mollace Rocco , Di Luozzo Marco , Sergi Domenico , De Vico Pasquale , Romeo Francesco
Published: November 2020

Aims

The aim of our study was to assess the effects of an early percutaneous coronary intervention on changes of in-hospital left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods

The study population consisted of 324 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, divided into two groups, according to the first medical contact (FMC)-to-reperfusion time, respectively, 90 min or less (n = 173) and more than 90 min (n = 151). Moreover, we performed a sub-analysis in the group of patients who showed at discharge an improvement in the LVEF of at least 10%.

Results

In both groups at baseline, patients suffered from a moderately reduced LVEF (40.88 ± 8.38% in ≤90 min group vs. 40.70 ± 8.98% in >90 min group; P = 0.858). A WMSI of more than 1 was recorded uniformly: 1.71 ± 0.37 in patients with FMC-to-reperfusion 90 min or less and 1.72 ± 0.38 in patients more than 90 min (P = 0.810). At the time of discharge, a significant improvement in LVEF (43.82 ± 8.38%, P = 0.001) and WMSI (1.60 ± 0.41, P = 0.009) exclusively emerged in the 90 min or less group. Furthermore, we identified 105 patients who experienced an improvement in the LVEF of at least 10% compared with baseline values. In these patients FMC-to-reperfusion and total ischemic time resulted as significantly shorter, when compared with patients with LVEF improvement of less than 10%.

Conclusion

Our study confirms and reinforces the concept that reducing the duration of the time between FMC and reperfusion, as well as the total ischemic time influences a positive recovery of left ventricular global and regional function during in-hospital stay.
Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in nonagenarians: a multicenter age-based analysis
Authors: Costa Giuliano , Valvo Roberto , Fiorina Claudia , Adamo Marianna , Giannini Cristina , Testa Luca , Bruschi Giuseppe , Poli Arnaldo , De Felice Francesco , Montorfano Matteo , Maffeo Diego , Iadanza Alessandro , Reimers Bernhard , Bedogni Francesco , Petronio Anna S. , Tamburino Corrado , Barbanti Marco
Published: November 2020

Aim

To assess the outcome of nonagenarians patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods

We aimed to stratify the overall population from an Italian, multicenter, observational project including a total of 3792 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR with CoreValve and Evolut R/PRO devices between April 2009 and October 2018, into four groups according to their age class (≥90 vs. 80–89 years vs. 70–79 vs. <70 years) and to compare outcomes up to 4 years after TAVR.

Results

At 4 years, survival estimates showed no difference in terms of overall survival [Kaplan–Meier estimates (KM est.) 49.9 vs. 58.1% vs. 57.0 vs. 69.3%; P
logrank = 0.28] among the four groups. After 2 years from the procedure, landmark analysis showed an age-based difference in overall survival (KM est. 63.8 vs. 75.0% vs. 75.1 vs. 88.7%; P
logrank = 0.025) but no difference in terms of survival from cardiovascular death (KM est. 87.8 vs. 87.4% vs. 86.1 vs. 96.1%; P
logrank = 0.43). Finally, age itself was not correlated with overall mortality at 4 years (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.86–1.30, P = 0.591).

Conclusion

TAVR with self-expanding CoreValve and Evolut prostheses was demonstrated to have good long-term outcomes, regardless of the patient's age. At 4 years, no difference in overall mortality was reported among age-based groups, while a higher overall mortality was reported in nonagenarians after 2 years from the procedure. TAVR showed good long-term outcomes even in nonagenarian patients, and it could be the therapy of choice for selected elderly patients.
On 4-dimensional flows with wildly embedded invariant manifolds of a periodic orbit
Authors: Pochinka Olga V. , Shubin Danila D.
Published: November 2020

In the present paper we construct an example of 4-dimensional flows on 𝕊3 × 𝕊1 whose saddle periodic orbit has a wildly embedded 2-dimensional unstable manifold. We prove that such a property has every suspension under a non-trivial Pixton's diffeomorphism. Moreover we give a complete topological classification of these suspensions.
Besicovitch cascades and bounded partial quotients
Authors: Kochergin Andrey
Published: November 2020

The article continues a series of works studying cylindrical transformations having discrete orbits (Besicovitch cascades). For any γ ∈ (0,1) and any ɛ > 0 we construct a Besicovitch cascade over some rotation with bounded partial quotients, and with a γ–Hölder function, such that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points in the circle having discrete orbits is greater than 1 − γ− ɛ.
Dynamics of conformal foliations
Authors: Zhukova Nina I.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to review the author's results on the existence and structure of minimal sets and attractors of conformal foliations. Results on strong transversal equivalence of conformal foliations are also presented. Connections with works of other authors are indicated. Examples of conformal foliations with exceptional, exotic and regular minimal sets which are attractors are constructed.
Any closed 3-manifold supports A-flows with 2-dimensional expanding attractors
Authors: Medvedev V. , Zhuzhoma E.
Published: November 2020

We prove that given any closed 3-manifold M
3, there is an A-flow f

t
on M
3 such that the non-wandering set NW (f

t
) consists of 2-dimensional non-orientable expanding attractor and trivial basic sets.
Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Warps Under a Cyclic Load of Stretch-Abrasion
Authors: Guo Min , Liu Jianli , Zhu Bo , Gao Weidong
Published: November 2020

The fatigue behavior of cotton warps was studied by a newly weaving load simulator (WLS) developed in our laboratory. Reborn hairiness, strength retention, and elongation retention of sized warps were adopted to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of sized warps under stretch-abrasion cyclic loading. The influences of different fatigue cycles on the above three indicators were also discussed. The results indicated that the fatigue behavior of the cotton warps accompanied by abrasion yields a three-parameter Weibull distribution. All the fitting plots show acceptable linearity. Moreover, there is a strong relationship of quadratic polynomial between the tensile properties and the fatigue cycle of the sized warps according to the scatter fitting (R2> 91.08%). Similarly, there is also a good relationship of quadratic polynomial between the reborn hairiness index and the fatigue cycle of the sized warps (R2> 94.51%). Finally, regardless of the strength retention, elongation retention, and reborn hairiness, the physical and mechanical properties of the cotton warps still change with the continuous increase of the fatigue cycle after 40% of the fatigue cycle, but it is not significant. The research was helpful to estimate the capacity of the warps to sustain failure.
Effects of Flocks Doping on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Shear Thickening Gel
Authors: Tan Yuhao , Li Yuling , Ma Yanxue , Rao Bingjun
Published: November 2020

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the dispersed phase and mold silicone was used as the continuous phase to prepare the shear thickening gel (STG) doped with a certain amount of flocks by rotary stirring. STG doped with flocks by a rotary rheometer was tested and observed through a scanning electron microscope. Results revealed that both the rotary stirring sample preparation and the rheological test method of the rotary rheometer could lead to the regular arrangement of flocks and could not reflect shear thickening performance accurately. The flocks showed a random arrangement in STG after the mixing process, and the dynamic mechanical properties were able to be measured with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Flocks with a fineness of 3 Denier, 1 mm in length, and a mass ratio of 5% had significant effects on the dynamic mechanical properties of STG. Due to long continuous shearing time, flocks were arranged regularly when the sweeping frequency was higher than 125 Hz, then the shear thickening performance of the doped STG was declined.
Estimation of Seams in Paraglider Wing
Authors: Maślanka Paulina , Korycki Ryszard , Szafrańska Halina
Published: November 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the seams connecting the covering textiles in paraglider wing and estimate their physical strength. The most extreme flight parameters (the angle of attack and velocity) in the numerical model of the wing allow the determination of the mean pressure inside the contour and the maximal difference between the pressures on the inner and the outer material surfaces. The preprocessing stage and numerical calculations in Ansys environment consider three different covering materials. The tool Porous Media is used to create the objects of a given value of air permeability. The estimated parameter of seam is the maximal pressure difference between both sides of the covering material, which that interacts with the test results. The quality index of the seam is defined by the maximal force to seam rupture and relative elongation during rupture. The obtained results indicate that the seams are resistant to the pressure difference caused by the most extreme flight parameters.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Garment Air Gap
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Jia Juhong
Published: November 2020

This article aimed to study the characteristics and mechanisms of 3D heat transfer through clothing involving the air gap. A three-dimensional finite volume method is used to obtain the coupled conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer in a body-air-cloth microclimate system. The flow contours and characteristics of temperature, heat flux, and velocity have been obtained. The reason for the high flux and temperature regions was analyzed. Computational results show that the coupled effect of the air gap and the airflow between the skin and garment strongly influences the temperature and heat flux distribution. There are several high-temperature regions on the clothing and high heat flux regions on the body skin because the conductive heat flux can cross through the narrow air gap and reach the cloth surface easily. The high-speed cooling airflow brings about high forced convective heat flux, which will result in the temperature increase on the upper cloth surface. The radiative heat flux has a strong correlation with the temperature gradient between the body and clothing. But its proportion in the total heat flux is relatively small.
Environmental Carrying Capacity Analysis Based on Water Resources (Case Study of East Surabaya Area)
Authors: Hastoyuando Enggar , Brontowiyono Widodo , Hasanah Nur Aini Iswati
Published: November 2020

East Surabaya, an area that is developing intensively, is known for its excessive problems, including a water shortage which reoccurs every year. The main objective of this study is to investigate the environmental carrying capacity based on the available water resources in East Surabaya, Indonesia. The method used consists of determining the ratio between supply and demand in order to obtain the carrying capacity of the local environment. The results show that the carrying capacity in East Surabaya in the year 2030 is of conditional sustain and amounts to 1.0. Generally, the deficit status (overshoot) occurs between May and November and conditional sustain in April and December, with the condition of surplus (sustain) occurring from January to March. However, further action is needed to conserve water during the surplus months and thus meet the needs arising during the deficit months.
Climate Adaptability of Old and New House in Bushehr's Historical Texture
Authors: Mozafari Nadiya , Alimardani Masoud
Published: November 2020

The port of Bushehr, with its valuable and unique historical texture, completely matches with its unbearable climate conditions. Over hundreds of years, the port has provided an appropriate ground for human life as no air conditioner is needed there. Unfortunately, this valuable old texture has been destroyed inadvertently. New buildings in the port are just superficial copies of the old buildings’ external surfaces, with no attention to their goal, i.e., the provision of thermal comfort for inhabitants. The new buildings are dramatically increasing without considering the historical texture and climate. As a result, the inhabitants have to use air conditioners in most months continuously; hence, there would be an increase in energy consumption and a disruption in climate balance. This study has been conducted to compare the compatibility of such architecture with the climate and its success in providing climate comfort for the inhabitants. According to the information obtained from the study, the old houses built more than 100 years ago using traditional design had better performance in adaptability with climate. Accordingly, the exploitation of traditional instructions and patterns in a new format would largely reduce energy consumption in hot seasons and eliminate the need for heating in cold seasons. In this regard, a huge amount of energy is saved, resulting in less damage to the environment.
Expropriation and Airport Development
Authors: Kazda Antonín , Novák Sedláčková Alena , Bračić Matija
Published: November 2020

The article deals with issues, which may arise during the preparation of line infrastructure projects in the public interest such as airports, railways or highways. We focused mainly on the issue of expropriation of land in the public interest and related problems in Slovakia and Croatia but also in other states. Few case studies complement the theoretical part of the study. The paper is focused on comparison of selected national legislation especially Slovak and Croatian in this field and individual State’s approaches and tries to find the necessary changes in legislation whose could be usefully for the future. Slovakia and Croatia were chosen for comparison because not only they have a similar population and number of public airports, but they also have a common history and had common legal framework where, after the Austro-Hungarian settlement in 1867, Croatia itself belonged to Zalitavsko within Austria-Hungary together with Slovakia.
Implementing Different Tubular Framings on High-Rise Structures and Optimizing their Cost and Drift Control with an Optimum Column Spacing
Authors: Malik Saadat , Ul Haq Syed Ikram , Zaidi Safdar Abbas , Maher Ataullah
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of variation in column spacing of a tube in its outer periphery concerning structural drift and cost optimization. For high rise structures, tubular framing and outrigger braced frames are considered as the most appropriate solution economically. In recent past not must study has been focused on the tubular frame in its columns spacing and span length. In this research, a simple square plan structure has been considered with different heights of 30, 40, and 50 story buildings. Six different framing systems of the tubular structure have been developed with different column spacing in each and employed to each high-rise structure. Concrete strength and steel yield strength has been taken as a fixed value for every model. Several models were developed with these combinations and the drift and structural safety have been optimized by reducing the cross-section sizes in each system. Seismic analysis has been carried out to evaluate the effects of varying column spacing in each tube. The comparison of all the employed systems was carried out and cost analysis has been made. Observations have been taken from drift, base shear, and cost analysis of each framing system of the tube, and certain results were concluded for structures with different height.
A Comparative Thermal Analysis of Walls Composed of Traditional and Alternative Building Materials
Authors: Petkova-Slipets Rositsa , Yordanov Krastin , Zlateva Penka
Published: November 2020

This research aims at comparing the thermal performance of walls made from traditional and alternative building materials. The experimental study involves five types of walls were studied based on perforated ceramic bricks and a mixture of clay, sand with various straw proportions. Specialized software and the finite element method (FEA) were employed for modelling of the thermal processes and their visualization for the different types of walls. A simulation modelling algorithm was developed. The models developed show very good convergence of the results and provide for subsequent design and thermal calculation of constructions made by environmentally friendly materials.
Microstructural And Mechanical Properties Of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 For Different Specimen Sizes
Authors: Madejski Bartosz , Malicki Maciej , Czarnewicz Sławomir , Gruber Konrad
Published: November 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) falls into the category of additive manufacturing technologies that are being increasingly used in the aerospace industry. This study presents the results of the examination of the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Inconel 718. The tests were carried out for samples of different geometry (thickness, shape). The investigation showed the effect of the specimen’s size and the printing direction on the microstructure and mechanical properties. In the microstructural investigation, light and scanning electron microscopes were used. The microstructure investigation included measurements of the grain size and the carbides’ content. In order to estimate porosity computer tomography was used. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The results showed differences in mechanical and microstructural properties of different size specimens.
Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – A cross-cultural pilot study
Authors: Busch Rainer , Gassemi Karim , Papastamatelou Julie , Unger Alexander , May Christian
Published: November 2020

Introduction and Aims

Entrepreneurship and the business environment, in general, are being influenced by the existence of formal and informal institutions. This study focuses on the negative versus positive perceptions of Moroccan, Chinese, and German entrepreneurs to formal and informal institutions, and the associations of these perceptions with self-efficacy and market versus network orientation of the business environment.

Methods

In a sample of n = 319 female and male entrepreneurs, we have examined similarities and differences in the perception of informal and formal institutions and their effects on self-efficacy and business strategy, while conducting t-tests and linear regressions.

Results

In all three cultural contexts, both formal and informal institutions play a significant role because of different reasons.

Conclusion

The nature of entrepreneurship is complex as both formal and informal institutional factors are differently associated with businesses. The results could enhance the understanding regarding the coexistence of formal or informal institutions within the business environments of different countries and the connections between business orientation and self-efficacy.
Feasibility and Safety of Peripheral Intravenous Administration of Vasopressor Agents in Resource-limited Settings
Authors: Padmanaban Ajay , Venkataraman Ramesh , Rajagopal Senthilkumar , Devaprasad Dedeepiya , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan
Published: November 2020

Background

Vasopressors are conventionally administered through a central venous catheter (CVC) and not through a peripheral venous catheter (PVC) since the latter is believed to be associated with increased risk of extravasation. Placement of a CVC requires suitably trained personnel to be on hand, and in resource-limited settings, this requirement may delay placement. Because of this and in cases where suitably trained personnel are not immediately available, some clinicians may be prompted to utilise a PVC for infusing vasopressors. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and safety of vasopressors administered through a PVC.

Materials and methods

Patients who received vasopressors through a PVC for more than one hour were included in a single centre, consecutive patient observational study. Patients with a CVC at the time of initiation of vasopressors were excluded. Data regarding the size, location of PVCs, dose, duration and number of vasopressors infused were recorded. The decision to place CVC was left to the discretion of the treating physician. Extravasation incidents, severity and management of such events were recorded.

Results

One hundred twenty-two patients age 55(4) years [mean (SD)] were included in the study. The commonest PVC was of 18G calibre (57%), and the most common site of placement was the external jugular vein (36.5%). Noradrenaline was the most common vasopressor used at a dose of 10.6 (7) mcg/min [mean (SD)] and the median duration of nine hours (IQR: 6-14). CVC was placed most commonly due to an increasing dose of vasopressors after 4.5(4) hours [mean (SD)]. Grade 2 Extravasation injury occurred in one patient after prolonged infusion of fifty-two hours, through a small calibre (20G) PVC, which was managed conservatively without any sequelae.

Conclusion

Vasopressors infused through a PVC of 18G or larger calibre into the external jugular, or a forearm vein is feasible and safe. Clinicians need to balance the safety of peripheral vasopressor infusion with the additional costs and complications associated with CVC in resource-limited settings.
Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Renal Injury in a Schizophrenic Patient
Authors: Tiglis Mirela , Hurmuzache Tudor , Bologa Cristina , Neagu Tiberiu Paul , Mirea Liliana , Grintescu Ioana Marina
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, schizophrenia is treated with atypical antipsychotics that can determine neuroleptic malignant syndrome or rhabdomyolysis appearance. In addition to trauma and muscular hypoxia, there are some drugs and toxins associated with rhabdomyolysis development, among which olanzapine. A case of severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome, with extremely high levels of serum creatine kinase (CK), followed by acute kidney failure, secondary to olanzapine overdose and prolonged immobilization is outlined. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed, with a slow clearance of serum CK levels. Under supportive therapy, systemic alkalinisation with volume resuscitation and corticotherapy, patient’s general condition was improved, as well as his lower limb paresis. He followed frequent psychiatric evaluations and psychotherapies, before and after being transferred to a medical service. Rhabdomyolysis diagnosis is difficult in mild cases due to non-specific signs and symptoms, but it also has some typical manifestation, generically called “the rhabdomyolysis syndrome triad”. The treatment is usually supportive; renal replacement therapy is required in the presence of acute kidney injury unresponsive to aggressive volume resuscitation. The systemic myoglobin release is responsible for renal injury. Olanzapine muscle toxicity can lead to severe rhabdomyolysis syndrome complicated with acute kidney injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Rapid identification and aggressive therapeutic management are essential for improving patients’ outcome and prevent the occurrence of irreversible injuries.
Anticoagulation in COVID – 19: An Update
Authors: Tiwari Nishant R , Khatib Khalid I , Dixit Subhal B , Rathore Prajay K , Melinkeri Sameer , Ganapule Abhijeet , Borawake Kapil S , Mhatre Ujwala
Published: November 2020

The novel coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID – 19) evolved as an unprecedented pandemic. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with significantly deranged coagulation parameters and increased incidence of thrombotic events. Deranged coagulation parameters, such as D-dimers and fibrin degradation products, can indicate a poor prognosis, and their measurement will help stratify the patients according to the disease severity, need of intensive care unit admission, and prediction of the clinical course. Gaps in understanding the natural history of the disease cause difficulties in tailoring therapies and optimizing the management of patients. Lack of specific treatment further complicates this situation. While thrombotic events can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients, a focused approach to the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) can, to a great extent, decrease the disease burden caused by thrombotic diseases. Pharmacological prophylactic anticoagulants and mechanical therapies such as pneumatic compression devices can help prevent venous thromboembolism and other thrombotic events. Thrombotic events due to COVID-19, their prevention and management, are the focus of this paper, with the prospect of providing insights into this relatively unexplored area.
Right Heart Thrombus in an Adult COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Merlo Enrico , Grutta Giuseppe , Tiberio Ivo , Martelli Gabriele
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Right heart thrombus (RiHTh) can be considered a rare and severe condition associated with thromboembolic phenomena. A case is described of a COVID-19 patient presenting with an isolated thrombus in the right ventricle.

Case presentation

An 80-years-old Caucasian male was admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient showed signs of hemodynamic instability, elevated cardiac troponin I and altered coagulation. On further assessment, a thrombotic mass near the apex of the right ventricle was detected. Moreover, the apex and the anteroseptal wall of the right ventricle appeared akinetic. Following the administration of a therapeutic dose of unfractionated heparin over a forty-eight hour period, re-evaluation of the right chambers showed that the thrombotic mass had resolved entirely.

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients could constitute a population at risk of RiHTh. Routine use of echocardiography and a multidisciplinary approach can improve the management of this condition.
Production of Soybean Plants for Hydroponic Cultivation from Seedling Cuttings in a Medium Containing Rhizobium Inoculum Depending on Various Concentrations of Nutrient Solution and Different Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Hata Naoki , Futamura Haruko
Published: November 2020

There has been an increasing interest in soybean cultivation in hydroponic systems. Because soybean plants can utilize nitrogen derived from biological N2 fixation, the use of Rhizobium inoculated plants may eliminate or decrease the need for mineral nitrogen fertilization in hydroponic systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish effective methods for making inoculated soybean transplants for a substrate-based hydroponic system. Inoculated plants were effectively produced by rooting seedling stem cuttings in a medium containing a Rhizobium inoculant. We also investigated the effects of different nitrogen forms and sub-irrigated nutrient solution concentrations on the growth and root nodule formation of the inoculated plants. The application of a nitrogen-free nutrient solution had minimal positive effects on the growth and nodulation of the inoculated plants. Ammonium-fed plants lacked root nodules regardless of the ammonium concentration. Furthermore, a 50% nutrient solution combining with nitrate or urea as the nitrogen source did not promote root nodulation. Therefore, inoculated plants should be subirrigated with an approximately 25% nutrient solution supplemented with nitrate or urea to induce early growth and nodulation prior to transplantation.
Meta-analysis of genetic diversity of the VP1 gene among the circulating O, A, and SAT2 serotypes and vaccine strains of FMD virus in Egypt
Authors: El Nahas Abeer F. , Salem Sayed A.H.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Three strains of the FMD virus (A, O, and SAT 2) were recognised as causes of the FMD circulating in Egypt. The aims of this study were to trace the FMDV isolates from outbreaks in Egypt to understand their epidemiology and evolution and to understand the situation of the vaccine strains compared with the circulating serotypes.

Material and Methods

A meta-analysis was carried out by using the data available for FMD outbreaks in Egypt from GenBank and the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD); a comparison was done with both data sets for the three serotypes. MEGA-X was used for the evolution analysis, through constructions of phylogenetic trees for all sequences recorded in GenBank for each serotype in different Egyptian outbreaks in different years and also within the same year. Additionally, nucleotide substitution rate, molecular clock, and mean evolutionary rates were estimated for the three serotypes to understand and compare their evolution.

Results

Absence of some records of certain serotype outbreaks from the WRLFMD database was noted as were subsequent missing appropriate vaccine programmes. Genetic variation was recorded among the virus isolates within the same years and also the vaccine strain was associated with up to 26 amino acid substitutions. The evolution rate of the SAT2 strain was the highest of the circulating strains. SAT2 had high amino acid substitution per year at an important immunogenic site (130–170), serotype A had less, and serotype O the least.

Conclusion

The need for different strategies for vaccine serotype selection is indicated.
Potential determinants of Clostridium spp. occurrence in Polish silage
Authors: Goldsztejn Magdalena , Grenda Tomasz , Kozieł Nina , Sapała Magdalena , Mazur Małgorzata , Sieradzki Zbigniew , Król Beata , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Silage quality deteriorates with Clostridium spp. contamination, and if consumed, such silage jeopardises herd health and productivity. Minimising its occurrence reduces economic and animal welfare risks. The study investigated the influence of environmental and technological determinants on the Clostridium genus’ occurrence in silage.

Material and Methods

Analyses were conducted on 305 silage samples directly collected from farms located in all Polish provinces. Cultures and isolates were evaluated phenotypically and examined for occurrence of Clostridium spp., particularly C. perfringens and C. botulinum using PCR techniques. The results were statistically analysed using the ᵡ2 test for continuous and Student’s t-test for non-continuous values.

Results

The most influential effect on Clostridium spp. occurrence is exerted by factors potentially associated with primary production, like the type of fertilisation and the contamination level of the ensiled feed material. Clostridium spp. was detected in 232 (76%) samples, and C. perfringens strains, predominantly toxinotype A, in 79 (26%). C. botulinum occurrence was not detected.

Conclusions

Deterioration of silage by clostridia could be prevented by a properly conducted ensiling process with the addition of starter cultures, but the presence of spores mainly depends on primary production and the extent of contamination of the feed material.
Method for Base Estimation of Construction Time for Linear Projects in Front-end Project Phases
Authors: Dunovic Ivana Burcar , Prebanic Kristijan Robert , Durrigl Pavao
Published: November 2020

Even though horizontally linear projects have low complexity schedules, they are still not successful in meeting planned time. The deadlines are mostly based on estimations done in front-end project development when limited data are available. Early time estimation models in literature rely on few variables and, almost in all cases, one of them is the estimated cost. Early cost estimations can significantly deviate from actual costs and thus lead to unreliable time estimation. Time estimation models based on neural network and other alternative methods require databases and software, which complicates the process of time estimation. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap of scarce time estimation models and unreliable time estimates by developing a new method for time estimation. This research has been done on one large sewer system project. The case study shows how to extract several continuous activities for a pipeline project chosen from a sewer system. Moreover, a new algorithm for the calculation of project duration is devised based on the existing equation related to the linear scheduling method, and this algorithm works with continuous activities. The new method for construction time estimation is based on the extraction of linear continuous activities, usage of the algorithm for identification of minimal buffer between activities, and calculation of the project duration. To verify the algorithm, this method is used on another pipeline project from a sewer system. The limitation is that this method can be used only for base estimation. Further research needs to be done to include uncertainties and risks in the method.
Harmonizing the Authority of Fishery Resources Management in the Era of Regional Autonomy Based on Pancasila
Authors: Anwar Mashuril , Shafira Maya , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: November 2020

The configuration of fisheries policy before regional autonomy shows the hegemony of the country which adheres to the legal doctrines of collective ownership, centralism, and anti-pluralism. Since the era of regional autonomy, the provincial and district / city governments have had more coherent authority in managing their regional potential, including fishery resources. With the shift in authority in managing fishery resources, it is hoped that the regions can play a role in optimizing the utilization of fisheries potential. But on the other hand, optimal management of fishery resources is difficult to achieve without harmonious policies. Therefore, to prevent conflicts of interest in the fisheries sector, Pancasila values need to be revived in fisheries resource management policies. The problems studied in this study are the authority of local governments in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy, problems of harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources, and harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources based on Pancasila values. By using a normative juridical approach, the results of the research show that the authority of the regional government in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy includes authority in the capture fisheries sector, authority in the field of cultivation, authority in the field of supervision of marine and fishery resources, and authority in the field of processing and processing. fishery marketing. However, so far there have been various disharmony problems with local government authorities in managing fishery resources. In addition, although regional autonomy is believed to have various advantages in optimizing the potential of natural resources, the management of fishery resources carried out in the era of regional autonomy has not fully animated the values of Pancasila as the philosophy of the Indonesian nation.
Criminal Law Enforcement Against Violation of Minimum Age of Marriage
Authors: Sesunan Achmad Yustian Jaya
Published: November 2020

Pancasila as the ideology of the nation which contains values as a philosophy for the life of the nation and state where human values as a form of awareness of human attitudes and actions based on the potential of human conscience in relation to norms and culture in general, it can generally be said that humans free to do whatever he wants, one of which is to do marriage. However, marriage in early childhood has caused several factors including, losing the rights that he should have gotten since childhood. There are a lot of reports about child marriage in Indonesia and conflicting rules between the two Laws (Law), namely Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, this is the reason the author examines child marriage from two corners of the Act. In general, law enforcement of violations of the minimum marriage age from the formulation stage has been problematic where the Child Protection Act does not include the Marriage Law in the consideration given, the application stage how it can run optimally if the formulation stage is already problematic, as well as the execution stage how it can provide benefits if there are multiple interpretations. In the enforcement and implementation of child marriage rules even though the Child Protection Act cannot be obstructed even though it has been married according to the Marriage Law. The most fundamental obstacle to law enforcement lies in the inadequacy or incompleteness of the laws and regulations, so that there are many so-called "multiple interpretations" and finally there are doubts in law enforcement. Conditions like this will eventually eventually bring up what is known as "retroactive law" which is certainly full of speculation, and this is very dangerous for the rule of law. The Marriage Law and the Child Protection Act must be revised and the two Laws equalize the rules, especially regarding child marriage rules. This revision needs to be done so as not to confuse and provide legal certainty related to child marriage. It is necessary to include the Marriage Law in the "Remembering" consideration in the Child Protection Act. Both laws must include rules regarding child marriage regulated in the Child Protection Act article so that these two laws harmonize with each other so that they do not cause multiple interpretations. The study was conducted with a type of normative juridical approach and empirical juridical conducted by examining the theories, concepts and legislation related to this research also by looking at the facts and interviews with respondents to gather opinions about law enforcement and factors obstruction of law enforcement violations of the minimum age of marriage.
Legal Considerations of Judges in Imposing Coaching Sanctions Against Children of Thieves with Objection
Authors: Hestiningrum Vita , Dewi Erna , Fardiansyah Ahmad Irzal
Published: November 2020

Criminal acts committed by children should be placed in LPKA as referred to in the law on juvenile justice, however the judge in this decision prefers to place the child in the development of a boarding school, of course in this case the judge has his own considerations. This paper will examine the basic legal considerations of judges in imposing criminal guidance on children who are criminal offenders of theft with weighting, the suitability of decision Number: 8/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/PN.Kot with the demands of the Public Prosecutor, and the mechanism for implementing the verdict. Number: 8/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/PN.Kot. The research method used in this research uses a normative approach, namely normative research which is carried out by examining the laws and basic theories. As for the results of the research, it was found that the basis for judges' legal considerations in making decisions against children, that in the trial the judge saw the two children who committed the crime not because of the crime factor but because the dominant factor of juvenile delinquency and also the two children could still be mentally corrected by giving opportunity for both children will certainly provide protection for their rights. The judge's decision was not in accordance with the prosecutor's demands where there were differences, namely: first, the judge did not agree with the method of imposing penalties that put children in LPKA; second, the judge's freedom to impose sanctions is also a factor in the incompatibility between the prosecutor's demands and the judge's decision; third, the impact of the harm caused by the two children was not too big. The mechanism for implementing the Decision Number:8/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/Pn.Kot where the judge handed down the punishment of coaching in the institution to the two defendants in the form of an obligation to participate in a coaching program at the Islamic Boarding School, so that the guidance method followed the guidance method in the pesantren. Based on the results of the research conducted, it is recommended that the Public Prosecutor pay more attention to aspects of benefit in imposing criminal sanctions on children. In addition, the judge's future considerations should reflect justice and progressive steps.
History of development of health insurance system after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Song Yu
Published: November 2020

The object of this research is the healthcare system of China and the implementation of basic health insurance in the country. The subject of this research is the stages of formation and improvement of health insurance system after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The data analysis of scientific literature data and the postulates of legislative acts allowed examining the gradual transition of China from the scheme of national welfare towards the model of social health insurance l. The scientific novelty of this work consists in generalization of the key problems in China’s health care system and proposal of ways for their solution. Similar to any developing program, the implemented system of health insurance has a number of shortcomings that require elaboration and amendments. By trial and error with regards to implementation of progressive reforms and reasonable state control, China was able to achieve maturity of the system of heath insurance, however mostly in cities. It is necessary to address the issues of deficit of health insurance fund, as well as the questions of individual financial risk. The application of measures proposed in the article may reduce the risks and improve the quality of health insurance system, as well as increase the level of content of the citizens with healthcare system.