bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tipikus polgári jogi szerződés vagy munkaviszony? – A platformmunka új szabályainak értékelése az élő jog tükrében
Authors: Mélypataki Gábor
Published: April 2024

A platformmunka, mint a munkavégzés új formája egyre népszerűbb világszerte. Éppen ezért szükséges, hogy el tudjuk helyezni a magánjog és a munkajog rendszerében. Mivel jelenleg nem, hogy munkajogi, de más magánjogi védelem sem kapcsolódik hozzá. Ezzel összefüggésben pedig szociális védelem sem azon a szinten jár a platformmunkavállalónak, mint a többieknek. Ami a védelem szintjét megalapozná az a nemzeti jogalkotásban nem létező diszciplináris megoldásokat. A platformmunka szabályozásának kérdése az élő jog egyik fontos munkajogi kérdése. Az éppen formálódó és kialakuló fogalmi keretrendszer kialakulásának lehetünk tanúi. Az Európai Unió Parlamentje a tanulmány második körös ellenőrzésekor fogadta el a szabályozást, igaz nem minősített többséggel, és ezzel párhuzamosan adott ki a magyar legfelsőbb bíróság (Kúria) egy fontos döntést is a platformok kapcsán.
A közös tulajdonban álló földek használatának problémái - avagy a szocialista tulajdonjog, és annak földjogi leképeződése a jelenkori földhasználati viszonyokra
Authors: Olajos István
Published: April 2024

A jelen cikkben az Eörsi Gyula, mint jogtudós által az ötvenes években létrehozott közös használaton és kiüresedett tulajdonjogon alapuló szövetkezeti földhasználat továbbéléseként, mind a mai napig élő intézmény az osztatlan közös tulajdonnal kapcsolatos legújabb fejleményeket jellemzem. . Ezen tulajdoni forma speciális használatának szabályai a Fétv. által rendszerezettek A gyakorlatban bizonyos mezőgazdasági igazgatási szervek azonban nem ismerik, és eljárásuk során nem alkalmazzák a harmadik személyektől az osztatlan közös tulajdonban lévő földek használatára adott ajánlatra vonatkozó szabályokat. E gyakorlat következményeire kínál megoldást a cikk.
Jack of all trades, masters of everything: From a specialized to a generalized way of teaching and learning in higher education
Authors: Favela Camacho Saúl Manuel
Published: April 2024

In the context of advanced technology, increased knowledge, complex problems, and global issues, topics related to science and education need to be reimagined and deconstructed. All the proposed pedagogies developed throughout history need to be assessed to figure out which one would be the most suitable according to the current times. Although all of them offered some advantages and worked in their respective sociohistorical contexts, a theorical and pragmatic view should be used to get the best of those pedagogies. Polymathic pedagogy is the proposed way of teaching and learning, where the main educational actors (students-teachers) work together around a systemic paradigm, grounded in the ideal of the unity of knowledge, in which disciplinary, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches draw different theoretical and practical perspectives on the learning-teaching process that influences the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the individual, including the environment. An integrative and holistic approach of all the systems does not mean that the individual needs to acquire and accumulate merely information. Instead, it is a pragmatic way of choosing the appropriate knowledge and applying it in an adequate context.
Early Perspectives: Exploring the Potential Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles Through the Lens of Urban Mobility and Urban Form
Authors: Sadeghpour Mazdak , Beyazıt Eda
Published: April 2024

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is expected to significantly reshape urban mobility and travel behavior patterns. AVs have the potential to offer higher levels of convenience, safety, and accessibility while enabling users to spend their trip time on more efficient and productive tasks such as working or even relaxing. This transformation in the short- to mid-term could result in changes in the public's sensitivity and perception toward enduring longer travel times and consequently, in mid- to long-term, it could influence the willingness to reconsider their residential locations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of the potential effects of AVs on travel behavior and land use through the examination of stated preference queries. To achieve this objective, various multinomial logit models toward AVs adoption and residential relocation were estimated by employing a dataset from Istanbul, Türkiye, as an example of megacity in a developing country. While the study findings revealed a set of potential adoption barriers for AVs, they also indicated a notable propensity for adopting these vehicles. Furthermore, concerning individuals' willingness to reconsider their residential locations due to the emergence of AVs, a considerable positive attitude was evident, albeit guarded. This attitude suggests that individuals' decisions are still evolving and can be guided toward the desired future through well-timed and well-suited policies. The outcomes of the study can serve as valuable input for policymakers as well as transportation and urban planners, offering insights into the potential impacts of AVs on urban mobility and form.
The risk factors of gall stone formation in children
Authors: Islam Md Kabirul
Published: April 2024

Abstract not available
Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2019) Vol. 10 (1 & 2):1-4
Schooling For Roma Children: Challenges and Practices
Authors: Kavasakalis Aggelos , Stamelos George , Vassilopoulos Andreas , Frounta Maria
Published: April 2024

Throughout the 21st century, the equality and inclusion of vulnerable groups has been a constant theme in international debates and on the official agendas of international organisations. In the area of education, the participation of children belonging to these groups is a challenge in all countries, whether or not they have high enrolment rates for the general population. In Greece, the Roma community is considered the most socially vulnerable group. Roma children face significant challenges in terms of education and wider social integration. Schooling programmes for Roma children have been planned in Greece since the end of the last century. However, despite positive ex-post evaluations of these programmes, the expected results have not been achieved. The evaluation of these programmes identifies four distinct stages in the schooling process: (a) Families' decisions regarding the value of their children's school attendance; (b) Cultivating a culture of reducing bureaucratic-administrative issues related to enrolment; (c) Establishing support structures for Roma pupils during their stay in school; and (d) Implementing actions to promote the effective development of knowledge, skills, and competencies of Roma pupils in the school environment. National-level studies have shown that the attendance of Roma children is a complex social phenomenon that extends beyond the educational process. This paper presents a research study conducted in Greece, in comparison with the European level. At the initial research, the University of Patras conducted field research as part of the 'Integration of Roma Children in School' programme, which was funded by the Ministry of Education and the EU. For further analysis of the original data, a qualitative approach of text analysis was employed, utilizing specialized reports from international (European) organizations and national reports from the Ministry of Education in the context of relevant programmes and actions.
Abordando la persistente discriminación racial en la selección de personal: estrategias para fomentar la inclusión en el ámbito laboral
Authors: Rodriguez-Acosta Fabio J. M.
Published: April 2024

De acuerdo a la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2021 del INEI, un 73% de los peruanos ha sufrido discriminación en el lugar de trabajo. Lo que es aún más alarmante es que un 56% de estos casos reportados se atribuyen directamente a la apariencia física. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es poner de relieve los retos actuales en la erradicación de la discriminación racial. El estudio empleó una metodología exhaustiva que incluía la realización de una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre la discriminación en el ámbito laboral. Los hallazgos identificados ponen en relieve las disparidades en las oportunidades de empleo en función de la raza y la etnia, así como en el centro de labores. Se concluye que la discriminación racial es un problema persistente en las prácticas de contratación y el lugar de trabajo, lo cual tiene un impacto negativo en la igualdad y la diversidad.
¿Cómo un mercado mayorista con espacios polivalentes en Pillcomarca puede aportar a la sociedad?
Authors: Daga-Almerco Bekin B. , Albino-Fretel Katherin S. , Huaman-Segundo Sandy X.
Published: April 2024

El propósito de la investigación es satisfacer la necesidad de la población a través del diseño de un mercado mayorista sustentable con espacios polivalentes en el distrito de Pillco Marca, de esta manera la población podrá acceder a un servicio o un bien requerido, es decir, los productos o servicios que brinde la infraestructura, cumple con los deseos y requerimientos del usuario. La metodología usada en la investigación fue una metodología de investigación documental, en donde se hicieron revisiones bibliográficas de diferentes autores para el recojo de información. Los resultados demuestran que no es agradable realizar comprar en condiciones actuales. Entonces fomentar un diseño de mercado polivalente con visión de futuro de este tipo de infraestructura, abogar por una mejor relación y más sostenible con el ambiente cambiante es fundamental, empleando materiales de construcción adecuadas para reducir la contaminación ambiental a medida que esto sea positivo para la población y también para el uso y consumo.
Effects of Dermal Fillers on Vaginal Laxity and Female Sexual Function: A Minimally Invasive Procedure for Vaginal Rejuvenation
Authors: Rajar Uzma Dost Muhammad , Mashhood Asher Ahmed , Qazi Sumayya , Ayub Uzma Tiwana
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
For improving vaginal rejuvenation and minimizing vaginal laxity, the increased demand for soft tissue fillers may give females seeking such therapies the chance to have better general health and sexual performance. To address a wider range of female health issues, and support a more all-encompassing approach to personal wellbeing as cosmetic treatments improve, it is crucial to research the possible repercussions of these minimally invasive operations.

Methodology:
The strength of pelvic floor muscles was measured using the Laborie Peritron 9300 (Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA) perineometer. A 110 mm long conical vaginal probe with a 26 mm diameter, that may extend to 33 mm under pressure, is a characteristic of this device. The vaginal probe is connected to the perineometer’s main body by an 80 cm plastic tubing. When the probe is squeezed, the gadget has a pressure sensor that tracks vaginal pressure. A silicone rubber sensor loaded with air is included into the probe itself, to detect pressure in cmH2O. The Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) was used to measure the participants’ degrees of sexual distress, and this method made it easier to gauge the participants’ pelvic floor muscle strength.

Results:
The participants’ mean age was 39.43±2.12 years, and further demographic characteristics provided evidence that 44% of the participants were married for 10 years and had children; 36% were married for 5 years with no children; and 20% had been married for less than 5 years.

Conclusion:
Soft tissue fillers, which have shown a rise in popularity, are a viable means of resolving issues with vaginal elasticity and rejuvenation.
Fetomaternal Outcomes of Low-Risk Females Presenting with Perceived Reduced Fetal Movements at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Chege Andrew , Kirwa Philip , Odunga Jack
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the fetomaternal outcomes of low-risk females presenting with perceived reduced fetal movements at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 133 females of gestation between 34–41 weeks presenting with a perception of reduced fetal movement, who were consecutively recruited. Pearson χ2 and Fischer’s exact tests of association were used to test the association between the non-stress test (NST) findings, biophysical profile (BPP) scores, and fetomaternal outcomes, where p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A reactive NST finding was seen in 88 (66.2%) participants with 104 (78.2%) of all participants enrolled having a normal BPP score. Active management of the current pregnancy was offered to 89 (66.9%) of the participants, and 81 (60.9%) of the females had a vaginal delivery. Three quarters (76.7%) of the newborns had a 5-minute appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR) score ≥7, 18 (13.5%) were resuscitated, 13 (9.8%) were admitted to the newborn unit, and four (3%) fresh stillbirths were noted. Both NST (p<0.001) and BPP (p<0.001) were good predictors of a 5-minute APGAR score ≥7, but poorly (p=0.086) predicted resuscitation. There was a statistically significant association between the NST findings and admission to newborn unit (p=0.034).

Conclusion: A reactive NST is a good predictor of a 5-minute APGAR score greater than 7, and is associated with a reduced likelihood of both admission to the newborn unit and newborn resuscitation. Both reactive NST and normal BPP are good predictors of vaginal delivery as opposed to Caesarean delivery.
Cultivation of sudanese grass on sod-podzolic sandy soils under conditions of radioactive contamination
Authors: Harkevich Lyudmila , Sitnov Dmitriy , Adamko Vasily
Published: April 2024

The results of three years of field research on the effect of potash fertilizers on the yield of green and haylage and the quality indicators of Sudanese grass are presented. The yield of green mass of Sudanese grass in the experiment was 10.3–12.2 t/ha, grain haylage — 9.4–11.0 t/ha, depending on the dose of potassium fertilizers. The maximum yield of green mass and grain haylage of Sudanese grass was noted in the variant with the addition of K240. The highest collection of crude protein (214.1 kg/ha), feed units (1.37 thousand) and metabolizable energy (21.3 GJ/ha) and the content of metabolizable energy per 1 kg of feed (8.0 MJ) were noted in the variant with the addition of potassium at a dose of 240 kg/ha. The content of crude protein in green mass increased with increasing potassium dose. The highest content of 137Cs (224 Bq/kg) was observed in the control variant. Potassium fertilizers reduced the entry of radionuclide into the crop. In general, according to the experiment, the content of 137Cs in the feed did not exceed the permissible level (400 Bq/kg).
KONSTRUKSI BUDAYA MASYARAKAT JAWA : STUDI TERHADAP NILAI BUDAYA KEMISKINAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM MALANG JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Purwadi Agus , El-Rumi Umiarso
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on constructing a culture of poverty that is motivated by religious attitudes in Malang, East Java. They consider poverty to be given human reality, and its existence cannot be shifted and changed. Based on this focus, this research takes a qualitative research approach with the type of phenomenology. This research uses Loren Demerath's Knowledge-Based Affect Theory as a perspective. Meanwhile, to analyze the research data using interactive analysis by Miles and Hubermann. This research finds that the views, attitudes, and actions of the poor emerge and imbued with Javanese expressions and are associated with religious doctrine interpretation. They consider mental fatalistic (nrimo ing pandum) to be the same as religious values such as patience and sincerity so that poverty is considered the destiny of God. This mentality position as legitimacy for their poverty. Even their views inspire the orientation of economic behavior, which they wrap with a spiritual dimension. The primary purpose of their life does not lie in material attainment but lies in the harmonization of life in society
REKONSTRUKSI PENAFSIRAN TENTANG AYAT–AYAT AURAT PEREMPUAN DI NUSANTARA PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR
Authors: Fathony Alvan , Afif Hamid Abdur Rahman Nor
Published: April 2024

The problem aurat of woman is becoming a utopian reference for women living in Indonesia, due to the shift in the changing function of clothing from covering the aurat to simply a lifestyle. The result of this is the way women dress, how to make them look attractive wearing them, not how to make them comfortable wearing them. Thus the author brings together the thoughts of Muhammad Syahrur on this phenomenon which for the author is considered a problem in this predominantly Islamic country, namely Indonesia. This study uses a research library research method which is still relevant to the situation of Islamic law across the ages, especially in Indonesia. The aim is to try to reveal the thoughts of Muhammad Syahrur who use the hudud theory in interpreting Quranic verses, especially aurat of women verses which are considered controversial with mufassirs and fuqoha, in this case must be competible with Indonesian culture. The results of the literature review show that in the view of Muhammad Syahrur, the reactualization of the aurat of women text by understanding and studying the Koran is highly dependent on the socio-cultural context. Syahrur tried to apply his understanding of the texts of the Quran in the reality of life. According to him, the provisions of the Quran are elastic in that we can adjust the Quranic text depending on the context and conditions of the times.
TAREKAT SYADZILIYAH DAN PENGARUH IDEOLOGI ASWAJA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasrullah Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Tarekat is one of the real forms of Sufism. This sect is more of a pattern of daily practical life than a philosophical conceptual pattern. If one of the goals of Sufism is to reach Allah SWT alone in the sense of enlightenment, then tarekat is a method, method or path that needs to be taken to achieve the goal of Sufism. The teachings of the tarekat also developed in several countries, including Indonesia. Tarekat of Syadziliyah, is one of the Sunni sects practiced by Muslims in Indonesia. Tarekat of Shadziliyah sect emphasizes its teachings on the inner attributes of the spiritual path of the sect. The teachings of the Syadziliyah’s tarekat were greatly influenced by Al-Ghazali's Sufi thought. This Syadziliyah sect emphasizes on those whose names are happy (Al-Farh), willing (Al-Ridha), and always grateful (Al-Syukr) for the blessings of Allah SWT. This order can be very applied and wisdom can be taken. That is, in this tarekat there is no deviation at all or misguidance in its application.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI KEASWAJAAN PARA KADER PMII DI UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
Authors: Ulya Solihatul , Albadri Abdun Nashir , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: April 2024

Currently, there are various issues related to religion which have become a serious topic to be discussed. As an organization that makes Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah (ASWAJA) as the Basic Value of the Movement (NDP), PMII certainly has an important role in producing young mujtahid cadres who are able to respond to the reality they face by maintaining the spirit of aswaja. This study aims to describe the instillation of aswaja values on cadres at PMII UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim. The moral values that are instilled in the PMII organization are the values of tasamuh, tawasuth, tawazun, and ta'adul. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of the research analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of aswaja values has been applied by high-ranking PMII UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang to its members. This pattern of inculcating or implementing the values of self-reliance is elaborated through PMII's main activities such as in routine studies and discussion forums.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PESANTREN : STUDI FENOMENOLOGI
Authors: Najah Faizun
Published: April 2024

This study aims to understand and analyze people's perceptions of the existence of Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Muallimien al-Islamiyah (TMI) Al-Amien Prenduan, Sumenep, Madura. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through display data, data reduction, and concluding. The results showed that the community had a positive perception of the existence of the Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Muallimien al-Islamiyah (TMI) Al-Amien Prenduan. The community provides a good and positive label and image for the boarding school with the attitude of the pesantren which has high disciplinary values, educators who care about their students, are ready for use in society, and students who have multi-competence and talent, so that the pesantren is in great demand by the surrounding community as the institution of choice for their sons and daughters.
KONSTRUKSI BUDAYA AKIKAH DAN SÊLAPAN: STUDI LIVING QUR’AN DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Basid Abd , Romziana Luthviyah , Sholeha Iklimatus
Published: April 2024

This study aims to describe how the culture of akikah and sêlapan in society in Probolinggo Regency. As a new study in this culture, the living Qur'an is a scientific research that we do, related to the presence of the Qur'an in a certain Muslim community. With a descriptive-phenomenological method that aims to provide an understanding of how the culture is in Probolinggo Regency and examine several aspects 1) How is the implementation of akikah and sêlapan culture in Probolinggo Regency; and 2) Connecting the culture with the Qur'an and interpretation. The results of the study show that this culture is a hereditary culture carried out by the community and each procession has its own meaning, one of the meanings contained in this procession is that the community believes that this culture is a form of belief that the implementation of akikah and sêlapan will bring blessings to life for the child.
NILAI-NILAI KESETARAAN RAS DALAM AL-QUR’AN (KAJIAN ATAS TAFSIR AL-MISBAH)
Authors: Huda Nurul , Islamiyah Wildatul
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe verses related to the values of racial equality, which should be used as "objects" to find out and analyze racial equality in Indonesia. However, many people reject it. The emergence of this rejection has sparked the birth of this article so that the values of racial equality in QS are later known. Al-Hujurat: 13 perspectives on Al-Misbah's interpretation. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of verse analysis research from thematic interpretation by interpreting verses related to the values of racial equality. The results of the study show that, First, a difference in race, language, skin color, nation, and other differences is proof of Allah SWT's power in creation. Second, the Qur'an surah Al-Hujurat verse 13 rejects an attitude of racism as a prohibition on boasting of one's people or group, thus demeaning others. Third, the implication of the interpretation of the Qur'an surah Al-Hujurat verse 13 is that humans must respect the differences that Allah SWT has outlined.
Reforming Prank Content as a Media for Da'wah on Youtube Channels
Authors: Warliah Wiwin , Putri Ismatul Aini
Published: April 2024

The prank phenomenon has mushroomed in modern society, especially in a cyber society. Prank content is a joke, joke, or comedy activity for both personal and communal, which has become a trend among Indonesian people, especially since 2019. Prank content as a communication message aims to provide entertainment (entertainment) to other people or (communicant). Even for contemporary preachers, prank content is used as 'reform' for da'wah media, for example, on Gus Aldi's Youtube channel. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to reform the content of prank content as a medium of propaganda on Gus Aldi's Youtube channel. The researcher uses a virtual ethnography method with the Cyber Media Analysis (AMS) technique which consists of the media room level, media documents, media objects, and experiences. The results of the study concluded that; 1) the content of prank content on Gus Aldi's Youtube channel represents the productivity and creativity of preachers in cyberspace; 2) the selection of Youtube media as a stimulus for the object of da'wah (message recipients); 3) determining the material for da'wah (Shalawat Nabi) to be a 'reinforcement' in the spiritual fulfillment and religiosity of cyber society.
What we can Learn from Covid19 Pandemic: A Zoom Lens from Islamic Viewpoint Based on Hadith
Authors: Sahadevan Mughaneswari , Azhar Siti Mardhiyah Binti Kamal , Azizan Nur Izzati Liyana Binti , Rahman Nor Azura A
Published: April 2024

This article explores the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic from an Islamic perspective, focusing on resilience, coping mechanisms, and community support through Hadith literature. Selected participants (Muslim) were recruited through random sampling from international students at the University Utara Malaysia. Interviewed them and asked four questions about their responses and reactions to issues during COVID-19. Analyzed the responses and their relation with compiling relevant Hadiths through an inductive reasoning approach. Utilizing qualitative interviews and analysis of Hadith teachings, the research delves into the responses and perceptions of Muslim individuals amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic. Findings reveal a deep-rooted faith and commitment to collective well-being among participants, manifested through proactive measures to protect families and patient acceptance of government regulations. The study highlights the resonance between respondents' actions and the timeless teachings of Islam, particularly in emphasizing the importance of caring for others, avoiding selfishness, and maintaining confidentiality regarding individuals' Covid-19 status. By integrating Islamic principles into the discourse on pandemic response, the research offers valuable insights for fostering resilience, solidarity, and compassion within Muslim communities and beyond. Ultimately, this study underscores the enduring relevance of Islamic teachings in navigating contemporary challenges and promoting a sense of unity and hope amidst adversity.
Chikungunya virus infection in human microglial C20 cells induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Santhoshkumar Rashmi , Venkataswamy Manjunatha M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is associated with acute clinical manifestations and chronic joint inflammation. CHIKV has emerged as a significant causative agent of central nervous system (CNS) complications, including encephalitis and related sequelae. Microglial cells, crucial for immune responses and tissue repair in the CNS, play a vital role in the host response to viral infections, with their activation potentially leading to either protection or pathology. In this study, the infection biology of CHIKV in the C20 human microglial cell line was investigated.

Methods

The permissiveness of C20 cells to CHIKV infection was assessed, and viral replication kinetics were compared to Vero E6 cells. Cytopathic effects of CHIKV infection on C20 cells were examined, along with ultrastructural changes using transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, apoptosis induction, mitochondrial membrane potential, and alterations in cell surface marker expression were evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results

CHIKV infection demonstrated permissiveness in C20 cells, similar to Vero cells, resulting in robust viral replication and cytopathic effects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed viral replication, mature virion formation, and distinctive cytoplasmic and nuclear changes in infected C20 cells. CHIKV infection induced significant apoptosis in C20 cells, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and altered expression of cell surface markers such as CD11c, CD14, and HLA-DR. Notably, decreased CD14 expression was observed in CHIKV-infected C20 cells.

Discussion

The study findings suggest that CHIKV infection induces apoptosis in C20 microglial cells via the mitochondrial pathway, with significant alterations in cell surface marker expression, particularly CD14 that is linked with apoptosis induction. These observations provide valuable insights into the role of human microglial cells in the host response to CHIKV infection and contribute to the knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of this virus.
Integrating machine learning algorithms and single-cell analysis to identify gut microbiota-related macrophage biomarkers in atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Ke Yin , Yue Jian , He Jiaming , Liu Guojing
Published: April 2024

Objective

The relationship between macrophages and the gut microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis remains poorly defined, and effective biological markers are lacking. This study aims to elucidate the interplay between gut microbial communities and macrophages, and to identify biomarkers associated with the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The goal is to enhance our understanding of the underlying molecular pathways and to pave new avenues for diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies in the disease.

Methods

This study employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis on atherosclerosis datasets to identify macrophage-associated genes and quantify the correlation between these genes and gut microbiota gene sets. The Random Forest algorithm was utilized to pinpoint PLEK, IRF8, BTK, CCR1, and CD68 as gut microbiota-related macrophage genes, and a nomogram was constructed. Based on the top five genes, a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm was applied to construct gut microbiota-related macrophage clusters and analyze their potential biological alterations. Subsequent single-cell analyses were conducted to observe the expression patterns of the top five genes and the interactions between immune cells. Finally, the expression profiles of key molecules were validated using clinical samples from atherosclerosis patients.

Results

Utilizing the Random Forest algorithm, we ultimately identified PLEK, IRF8, CD68, CCR1, and BTK as gut microbiota-associated macrophage genes that are upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques. A nomogram based on the expression of these five genes was constructed for use as an auxiliary tool in clinical diagnosis. Single-cell analysis confirmed the specific expression of gut microbiota-associated macrophage genes in macrophages. Clinical samples substantiated the high expression of PLEK in unstable atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusion

Gut microbiota-associated macrophage genes (PLEK, IRF8, CD68, CCR1, and BTK) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques and could serve as diagnostic markers to aid patients with atherosclerosis.
The shrinkage behavior of boreholes drilled through deepwater creeping salt formations in West Africa
Authors: Wang Mingchun , Deng Jingen , Li Zhong , Li Mengbo , Xing Zixiao , Zhang Zhe , Yan Chuanliang
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Salt formations are complex and pose significant risks during oil and gas drilling. Creep behavior in salt formations under geostress can jeopardize drilling safety.

Methods: This study analyzes the shrinkage behavior of boreholes drilled through salt formations in West Africa’s Block B, with emphasis on the differential creep rates in two horizontal principal stress directions and the evolution of wellbore shape over time. The impact of drilling fluid density on shrinkage rates is also investigated.

Results: After drilling through salt formations, the creep rates differ between the two horizontal principal stress directions. Shrinkage is faster in the direction of minimum horizontal principal stress and slower in the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress. Over time, shrinkage rates converge, resulting in a transition from elliptical to circular wellbore shape. Higher drilling fluid density leads to reduced shrinkage rates.

Discussion: These findings contribute to the theoretical guidance for drilling fluid density selection in salt formations.
NLRP6 negatively regulates host defense against polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Ghimire Laxman , Paudel Sagar , Le John , Jin Liliang , Cai Shanshan , Bhattarai Dinesh , Jeyaseelan Samithamby
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sepsis remains a major cause of death in Intensive Care Units. Sepsis is a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and NLRs contribute to innate immune responses. Upon activation, some NLRs form multimeric protein complexes in the cytoplasm termed “inflammasomes” which induce gasdermin d-mediated pyroptotic cell death and the release of mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP6 inflammasome is documented to be both a positive and a negative regulator of host defense in distinct infectious diseases. However, the role of NLRP6 in polymicrobial sepsis remains elusive.

Methods

We have used NLRP6 KO mice and human septic spleen samples to examine the role of NLRP6 in host defense in sepsis.

Results

NLRP6 KO mice display enhanced survival, reduced bacterial burden in the organs, and reduced cytokine/chemokine production. Co-housed WT and KO mice following sepsis show decreased bacterial burden in the KO mice as observed in singly housed groups. NLRP6 is upregulated in CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells of septic patients and septic mice. The KO mice showed a higher number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T cell subsets and reduced T cell death in the spleen following sepsis. Furthermore, administration of recombinant IL-18, but not IL-1β, elicited excessive inflammation and reversed the survival advantages observed in NLRP6 KO mice.

Conclusion

These results unveil NLRP6 as a negative regulator of host defense during sepsis and offer novel insights for the development of new treatment strategies for sepsis.
B cells in the pneumococcus-infected lung are heterogeneous and require CD4+ T cell help including CD40L to become resident memory B cells
Authors: Etesami Neelou S. , Barker Kimberly A. , Shenoy Anukul T. , De Ana Carolina Lyon , Arafa Emad I. , Grifno Gabrielle N. , Matschulat Adeline M. , Vannini Michael E. , Pihl Riley M. F. , Breen Michael P. , Soucy Alicia M. , Goltry Wesley N. , Ha Catherine T. , Betsuyaku Hanae , Browning Jeffrey L. , Varelas Xaralabos , Traber Katrina E. , Jones Matthew R. , Quinton Lee J. , Maglione Paul J. , Nia Hadi T. , Belkina Anna C. , Mizgerd Joseph P.
Published: April 2024

Recovery from respiratory pneumococcal infections generates lung-localized protection against heterotypic bacteria, mediated by resident memory lymphocytes. Optimal protection in mice requires re-exposure to pneumococcus within days of initial infection. Serial surface marker phenotyping of B cell populations in a model of pneumococcal heterotypic immunity revealed that bacterial re-exposure stimulates the immediate accumulation of dynamic and heterogeneous populations of B cells in the lung, and is essential for the establishment of lung resident memory B (BRM) cells. The B cells in the early wave were activated, proliferating locally, and associated with both CD4+ T cells and CXCL13. Antagonist- and antibody-mediated interventions were implemented during this early timeframe to demonstrate that lymphocyte recirculation, CD4+ cells, and CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling were all needed for lung BRM cell establishment, whereas CXCL13 signaling was not. While most prominent as aggregates in the loose connective tissue of bronchovascular bundles, morphometry and live lung imaging analyses showed that lung BRM cells were equally numerous as single cells dispersed throughout the alveolar septae. We propose that CD40L signaling from antigen-stimulated CD4+ T cells in the infected lung is critical to establishment of local BRM cells, which subsequently protect the airways and parenchyma against future potential infections.
Metabolomic analysis of rumen-protected branched-chain amino acids in primiparous dairy cows
Authors: Zhao Zhikun , Dong Jianan , Wang Dezhi , Zhao Chen , Tian Xu , Meng Yuan , Zou Yue , Zhao Yang , Qin Guixin , Wang Tao , Sun Zhe , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhen Yuguo
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Peripartal cows are susceptible to a negative energy balance due to inadequate nutrient intake and high energy requirements for lactation. Improving the energy metabolism of perinatal dairy cows is crucial in increasing production in dairy cows.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the impact of rumen-protected branched-chain amino acid (RPBCAA) on the production performance, energy and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune function of primiparous dairy cows using metabolomics through a single-factor experiment. Twenty healthy primiparous Holstein cows were selected based on body condition scores and expected calving date, and were randomly divided into RPBCAA (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The control group received a basal diet from calving until 21 d in milk, and the RPBCAA group received the basal diet and 44.6 g/d RPLeu, 25.14 g/d RPIle, and 25.43 g/d RPVal.

Results

In comparison to the control group, the supplementation of RPBCAA had no significant effect on milk yield and milk composition of the dairy cows. Supplementation with RPBCAA significantly increased the concentrations of insulin, insulin growth factor 1, glucagon, and growth hormones, which are indicators of energy metabolism in postpartum cows. The very low density lipoprotein, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and hormone-sensitive lipase contents of the RPBCAA group were significantly greater than that of the control group; these metrics are related to lipid metabolism. In addition, RPBCAA supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase and immunoglobulin G concentrations and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed 414 serum and 430 milk metabolic features. Supplementation with RPBCAA primarily increased concentrations of amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways and upregulated the abundance of serotonin, glutamine, and phosphatidylcholines.

Discussion

In summary, adding RPBCAA to the daily ration can influence endocrine function and improve energy metabolism, regulate amino acid and lipid metabolism, mitigate oxidative stress and maintain immune function on primiparous cows in early lactation.
Advances in filarial hydrocelectomy reporting in Uganda and Nigeria
Authors: D’Souza Susan F. , Awio John P. , Albarka Jehoshaphat , Bougma Windtaré Roland , Bartlett Sarah , Nwosu Christian , Ngom Babacar , Wani Anthony , Gwom Anita , Okello Moses , Aba Abraham , Irema Sarah , Imhansoloeva Martins , Nurudeen Dauda , Wamboga Charles , Debam Mark T. , Zainab Haruna , Aleiro Attahiru , Salah Malam H. , Downs Philip
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Surgery for hydrocele is part of the WHO recommended essential package of care for people affected by Lymphatic filariasis (LF). In Uganda and Nigeria, LF programme support for hydrocele surgery began in 2017. In 2021 the two programmes adopted a newly developed smartphone-based application to monitor hydrocele surgery and outcome. The application, referred to as the Hydrocele Tracker, gathers information on surgical registration, preoperative information, intraoperative information, postoperative information and follow-up evaluations. It was developed to improve supervision, understand surgical outcomes and reasons for complications, improve reporting and improve data quality for Ministries of Health with active LF programmes.

Methods

Hydrocele patient information was collected between October 2021 and May 2023 in Uganda (Lango sub-region, 9 districts) and March 2021 - September 2022 in Nigeria (Benue, Kaduna, Kebbi, Sokoto and Kogi States). Additionally patient feedback surveys were undertaken to elicit patient experience and satisfaction with the hydrocele surgery.

Results

Patient data from 2,911 records in the Hydrocele Tracker are presented.

Discussion

The discussion highlights the implications of the data for LF programming, the value of digitisation and approaches to address data quality.
Modeling the consequences of an L1 grammar for L2 production: simulations, variation, and predictions
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Tessier Anne-Michelle
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This paper presents a constraint-based grammar of Mandarin low vowel + nasal coda (loVN) sequences first as acquired by L1 learners, and then as transferred to L2 English.

Methods

We simulate phonological learning in Harmonic Grammar using a gradual, error-driven GLA learner, drawing on evidence from L1 Mandarin speakers' perceptual data to support our initial state assumptions. We then compare our simulation results with L2 English production (both anecdotal and ultrasound data), as well as evidence from Mandarin loanword phonology.

Results

Our results align with multiple patterns in the previous empirical literature, including an asymmetry among surface repairs for VN sequences, and we show how these emerge from our assumptions about both the L1 Mandarin grammar and the grammar's evaluation method (i.e., weighted constraints).

Discussion

We discuss the extent to which these results derive from our somewhat novel analysis of place contrasts in L1 Mandarin, and the variability in loVN outputs that we encode directly into the L1 grammar, which are then transferred to the L2 context. Ultimately we discuss how this type of modeling can make falsifiable predictions about phonological development, in both L1 and L2 contexts.
Body composition and metabolic consequences of antibiotics most frequently administered to newborns in intensive care units: an experimental study in healthy newborn rats
Authors: Segura-Cervantes Enrique , Mancilla-Ramírez Javier , Fernández-Urrutia Liliana , González-Gallardo Susana , Mendoza-Gertrudis Lourdes , Valencia-Santaella Jasibe , Galindo-Sevilla Norma
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The increasing overuse of antibiotics in recent years has led to antibiotics being the most prescribed drugs for pediatric patients, and 72% of patients in the neonatal intensive care unit are treated with antibiotics. One effect of antibiotic use is the alteration of the microbiota, which is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity.

Methods

This experimental study in newborn rats compared the administration of ampicillin/meropenem (Access/Watch groups) at 100/10 μg/g every 12 h, cefotaxime 200 μg/g every 24 h (Watch group), and amikacin 15 μg/g every 24 h (Access group) versus saline solution as the control. Each antibiotic was adjusted to the required dosages based on weight, and the doses were administered intraperitoneally daily for 5 days to 10–14 newborn male rats per group. A comparison of the morphometric and biochemical parameters registered on day 28 was performed using ANOVA.

Results

Amikacin had the largest effect on morphometric measurements, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while cefotaxime had the largest effect on glucose and triglycerides, whereas ampicillin/meropenem produced the weakest effect on the measured parameters.

Discussion

The administration of antibiotics in the neonatal stage can affect the body composition of rats as well as the lipid and carbohydrate serum levels. Future studies should evaluate the toxicity of antibiotics in immature neonatal organs and could help to improve therapeutic decisions and prevent the unjustified use of antibiotics in newborns, thereby reducing metabolic consequences.
The influence of cerebellum on visual selective attention in patients with multiple lacunar cerebral infarction and its neuromodulatory mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Xiaodong , Duan Liqin , Ou Ya , Ling Qirong , Wang Jing , Zhang Jian , Cao Lingyun , Qian Hongchun , Zhang Pingshu
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the influence of the cerebellum on visual selective attention function and its neuromodulatory mechanism in patients with multiple lacunar cerebral infarction (MLCI).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 210 patients admitted with MLCI from January 2016 to May 2022. Analyzed the electrophysiological characteristics of the P3a and P3b components of vision in both groups, as well as source reconstruction simulations of dipole activation in the brains of the two groups, and analyzed the brain regions with differences in activation strength between the two groups.

Results

This study found that there was no significant difference in peak amplitude between the two groups, but compared with the control group, the peak latency of the case group was significantly prolonged. Specifically, the P3a peak latency induced by the novel stimulus was longer than that induced by the target stimulus P3b peak latency. Source reconstruction results showed decreased and increased activation in several brain regions in the case group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The study suggests that the impairment of distracted attention capture is more pronounced in patients with MLCI. The cerebellum indirectly influences the ventral and dorsal frontoparietal attention networks by modulating the levels of excitation and inhibition within the cerebral cortex of the attention network. This may represent a potential mechanism through which the cerebellum regulates visual selective attention information in MLCI patients.
Music training is related to late ERP modulation and enhanced performance during Simon task but not Stroop task
Authors: Velasquez Miguel A. , Winston Jenna L. , Sur Sandeepa , Yurgil Kate , Upman Anna E. , Wroblewski Stella R. , Huddle Annabelle , Colombo Paul J.
Published: April 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that music training correlates with better performance in tasks measuring executive function components including inhibitory control, working memory and selective attention. The Stroop and Simon tasks measure responses to congruent and incongruent information reflecting cognitive conflict resolution. However, there are more reports of a music-training advantage in the Simon than the Stroop task. Reports indicate that these tasks may differ in the timing of conflict resolution: the Stroop task might involve early sensory stage conflict resolution, while the Simon task may do so at a later motor output planning stage. We hypothesize that musical experience relates to conflict resolution at the late motor output stage rather than the early sensory stage. Behavioral responses, and event-related potentials (ERP) were measured in participants with varying musical experience during these tasks. It was hypothesized that musical experience correlates with better performance in the Simon but not the Stroop task, reflected in ERP components in the later stage of motor output processing in the Simon task. Participants were classified into high- and low-music training groups based on the Goldsmith Musical Sophistication Index. Electrical brain activity was recorded while they completed visual Stroop and Simon tasks. The high-music training group outperformed the low-music training group on the Simon, but not the Stroop task. Mean amplitude difference (incongruent—congruent trials) was greater for the high-music training group at N100 for midline central (Cz) and posterior (Pz) sites in the Simon task and midline central (Cz) and frontal (Fz) sites in the Stroop task, and at N450 at Cz and Pz in the Simon task. N450 difference peaks occurred earlier in the high-music training group at Pz. Differences between the groups at N100 indicate that music training may be related to better sensory discrimination. These differences were not related to better behavioral performance. Differences in N450 responses between the groups, particularly in regions encompassing the motor and parietal cortices, suggest a role of music training in action selection during response conflict situations. Overall, this supports the hypothesis that music training selectively enhances cognitive conflict resolution during late motor output planning stages.