bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eIF6 rebinding dynamically couples ribosome maturation and translation
Authors: Jaako Pekka , Faille Alexandre , Tan Shengjiang , Wong Chi C. , Escudero-Urquijo Norberto , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Wright Penny , Hilcenko Christine , Adams David J. , Warren Alan J.
Published: March 2022

Protein synthesis is a cyclical process consisting of translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. The release factors SBDS and EFL1—both mutated in the leukemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome — license entry of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits into active translation by evicting the anti-association factor eIF6 from the 60S intersubunit face. We find that in mammalian cells, eIF6 holds all free cytoplasmic 60S subunits in a translationally inactive state and that SBDS and EFL1 are the minimal components required to recycle these 60S subunits back into additional rounds of translation by evicting eIF6. Increasing the dose of eIF6 in mice in vivo impairs terminal erythropoiesis by sequestering post-termination 60S subunits in the cytoplasm, disrupting subunit joining and attenuating global protein synthesis. These data reveal that ribosome maturation and recycling are dynamically coupled by a mechanism that is disrupted in an inherited leukemia predisposition disorder.
Mechanism of action and therapeutic route for a muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect in lipid metabolism
Authors: Tavasoli Mahtab , Lahire Sarah , Sokolenko Stanislav , Novorolsky Robyn , Reid Sarah Anne , Lefsay Abir , Otley Meredith O. C. , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Rowsell Joyce , Srinivassane Sadish , Praest Molly , MacKinnon Alexandra , Mammoliti Melissa Stella , Maloney Ashley Alyssa , Moraca Marina , Pedro Fernandez-Murray J. , McKenna Meagan , Sinal Christopher J. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Robertson George S. , Hoffman Eric P. , McMaster Christopher R.
Published: March 2022

CHKB encodes one of two mammalian choline kinase enzymes that catalyze the first step in the synthesis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. In humans and mice, inactivation of the CHKB gene (Chkb in mice) causes a recessive rostral-to-caudal muscular dystrophy. Using Chkb knockout mice, we reveal that at no stage of the disease is phosphatidylcholine level significantly altered. We observe that in affected muscle a temporal change in lipid metabolism occurs with an initial inability to utilize fatty acids for energy via mitochondrial β-oxidation resulting in shunting of fatty acids into triacyglycerol as the disease progresses. There is a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and target gene expression specific to Chkb−/− affected muscle. Treatment of Chkb−/− myocytes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists enables fatty acids to be used for β-oxidation and prevents triacyglyerol accumulation, while simultaneously increasing expression of the compensatory choline kinase alpha (Chka) isoform, preventing muscle cell injury.
A time-resolved picture of our Milky Way’s early formation history
Authors: Xiang Maosheng , Rix Hans-Walter
Published: March 2022

The formation of our Milky Way can be split up qualitatively into different phases that resulted in its structurally different stellar populations: the halo and the disk components1–3. Revealing a quantitative overall picture of our Galaxy’s assembly requires a large sample of stars with very precise ages. Here we report an analysis of such a sample using subgiant stars. We find that the stellar age–metallicity distribution p(τ, [Fe/H]) splits into two almost disjoint parts, separated at age τ ≃ 8 Gyr. The younger part reflects a late phase of dynamically quiescent Galactic disk formation with manifest evidence for stellar radial orbit migration4–6; the other part reflects the earlier phase, when the stellar halo7 and the old α-process-enhanced (thick) disk8,9 formed. Our results indicate that the formation of the Galaxy’s old (thick) disk started approximately 13 Gyr ago, only 0.8 Gyr after the Big Bang, and 2 Gyr earlier than the final assembly of the inner Galactic halo. Most of these stars formed around 11 Gyr ago, when the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus satellite merged with our Galaxy10,11. Over the next 5–6 Gyr, the Galaxy experienced continuous chemical element enrichment, ultimately by a factor of 10, while the star-forming gas managed to stay well mixed.
Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer
Authors: Shitara Kohei , Ajani Jaffer A. , Moehler Markus , Garrido Marcelo , Gallardo Carlos , Shen Lin , Yamaguchi Kensei , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Skoczylas Tomasz , Bragagnoli Arinilda Campos , Liu Tianshu , Tehfe Mustapha , Elimova Elena , Bruges Ricardo , Zander Thomas , de Azevedo Sergio , Kowalyszyn Ruben , Pazo-Cid Roberto , Schenker Michael , Cleary James M. , Yanez Patricio , Feeney Kynan , Karamouzis Michalis V. , Poulart Valerie , Lei Ming , Xiao Hong , Kondo Kaoru , Li Mingshun , Janjigian Yelena Y.
Published: March 2022

Standard first-line chemotherapy results in disease progression and death within one year in most patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma1–4. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated superior overall survival versus chemotherapy at 12-month follow-up in gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction or oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the randomized, global CheckMate 649 phase 3 trial5(programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score ≥5 and all randomized patients). On the basis of these results, nivolumab plus chemotherapy is now approved as a first-line treatment for these patients in many countries6. Nivolumab and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab have distinct but complementary mechanisms of action that contribute to the restoration of anti-tumour T-cell function and induction of de novo anti-tumour T-cell responses, respectively7–11. Treatment combining 1 mg kg−1nivolumab with 3 mg kg−1ipilimumab demonstrated clinically meaningful anti-tumour activity with a manageable safety profile in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer12. Here we report both long-term follow-up results comparing nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone and the first results comparing nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy alone from CheckMate 649. After the 24.0-month minimum follow-up, nivolumab plus chemotherapy continued to demonstrate improvement in overall survival versus chemotherapy alone in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score ≥5 (hazard ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.61, 0.81) and all randomized patients (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.71, 0.88). Overall survival in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 5 for nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy alone did not meet the prespecified boundary for significance. No new safety signals were identified. Our results support the continued use of nivolumab plus chemotherapy as standard first-line treatment for advanced gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Serum ErbB2 concentration positively correlated to the glycemic variations in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Huang Yan , Han Xia , Chang Ting , Li Feng-fei , Chen Xuan , She Yu-qing
Published: March 2022

Evidences indicate that elevated levels of circulating ErbB2 are closely associated with increased incidence of diabetes. However, the relationship between ErbB2 concentration and glycemic variations (GV) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients remains elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an association between serum ErbB2 concentration and GV in newly diagnosed T2D patients. This was a three-center, and observational study. Between April 2019 and July 2019, a total of 106 newly diagnosed T2D patients were recruited. All recruited subjects were admitted as inpatients and received anti-diabetes agents free during the study period. At baseline, fasting serum was collected for ErbB2 measurement and all recruited patients were subjected a prospective CGM for at least 3 days. The primary endpoint was the relationships between ErbB2 concentrations and GV in T2D patients. Data of a total of 95 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed at the endpoint. Subjects were divided into quartiles according to their serum ErbB2 concentrations. We observed that subjects with an elevated level of ErbB2 had a higher value of GV in terms of mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE), standard deviation of mean glucose (SDMG), and the coefficient of variation (CV%) than those with lower levels (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyzes after adjusting for confounder factors indicate that serum ErbB2 levels were significantly positively correlated with the MAGE (β = 0.664, t = 7.218, P < 0.01), SD (β = 0.469, t = 5.125, P < 0.01) and CV% (β = 0.337, t = 4.442, P < 0.01), respectively. Our data indicated that diabetic patients with higher ErbB2 concentrations may have large GV, which is an independent risk factor for microvascular and macrovascular complications.
The alveolar macrophage toponome of female SP-A knockout mice differs from that of males before and after SP-A1 rescue
Authors: Phelps David S. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Yang Lili , Shearer Debra , Weisz Judith , Zhang Xuesheng , Floros Joanna
Published: March 2022

Using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS), a serial immunostainer, we studied the patterns of expression of multiple markers in alveolar macrophages (AM) from female mice lacking surfactant protein A (SP-A knockouts; KO) after “rescue” with exogenous SP-A1. We also used a 7-marker subset to compare with AM from males. AM were harvested 18 h after intrapharyngeal SP-A1 or vehicle, attached to slides, and subjected to serial immunostaining for 12 markers. Expression of the markers in each pixel of the image was analyzed both in the whole image and in individual selected cells. The marker combination in each pixel is referred to as a combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP). A subset of antibodies was used to compare AM from male mice to the females. We found: (a) extensive AM heterogeneity in females by CMP analysis and by clustering analysis of CMPs in single cells; (b) AM from female KO mice respond to exogenous SP-A1 by increasing CMP phenotypic diversity and perhaps enhancing their potential innate immune capabilities; and (c) comparison of male and female AM responses to SP-A1 revealed that males respond more vigorously than females and clustering analysis was more effective in distinguishing males from females rather than treated from control.
An object-based sparse representation model for spatiotemporal image fusion
Authors: Asefpour Vakilian Afshin , Saradjian Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2022

Many algorithms have been proposed for spatiotemporal image fusion on simulated data, yet only a few deal with spectral changes in real satellite images. An innovative spatiotemporal sparse representation (STSR) image fusion approach is introduced in this study to generate global dense high spatial and temporal resolution images from real satellite images. It aimed to minimize the data gap, especially when fine spatial resolution images are unavailable for a specific period. The proposed approach uses a set of real coarse- and fine-spatial resolution satellite images acquired simultaneously and another coarse image acquired at a different time to predict the corresponding unknown fine image. During the fusion process, pixels located between object classes with different spectral responses are more vulnerable to spectral distortion. Therefore, firstly, a rule-based fuzzy classification algorithm is used in STSR to classify input data and extract accurate edge candidates. Then, an object-based estimation of physical constraints and brightness shift between input data is utilized to construct the proposed sparse representation (SR) model that can deal with real input satellite images. Initial rules to adjust spatial covariance and equalize spectral response of object classes between input images are introduced as prior information to the model, followed by an optimization step to improve the STSR approach. The proposed method is applied to real fine Sentinel-2 and coarse Landsat-8 satellite data. The results showed that introducing objects in the fusion process improved spatial detail, especially over the edge candidates, and eliminated spectral distortion by preserving the spectral continuity of extracted objects. Experiments revealed the promising performance of the proposed object-based STSR image fusion approach based on its quantitative results, where it preserved almost 96.9% and 93.8% of the spectral detail over the smooth and urban areas, respectively.
Draft genomes assembly and annotation of Carex parvula and Carex kokanica reveals stress-specific genes
Authors: Qu Guangpeng , Bao Yuhong , Liao Yangci , Liu Can , Zi Hailing , Bai Magaweng , Liu Yunfei , Tu Dengqunpei , Wang Li , Chen Shaofeng , Zhou Gang , Can Muyou
Published: March 2022

Kobresia plants are important forage resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and are essential in maintaining the ecological balance of grasslands. Therefore, it is beneficial to obtain Kobresia genome resources and study the adaptive characteristics of Kobresia plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Previously, we have assembled the genome of Carex littledalei (Kobresia littledalei), which is a diploid with 29 chromosomes. In this study, we assembled genomes of Carex parvula (Kobresia pygmaea) and Carex kokanica (Kobresia royleana) via using Illumina and PacBio sequencing data, which were about 783.49 Mb and 673.40 Mb in size, respectively. And 45,002 or 36,709 protein-coding genes were further annotated in the genome of C. parvula or C. kokanica. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Kobresia in Cyperaceae separated from Poaceae about 101.5 million years ago after separated from Ananas comosus in Bromeliaceae about 117.2 million years ago. C. littledalei and C. parvula separated about 5.0 million years ago, after separated from C. kokanica about 6.2 million years ago. In this study, transcriptome data of C. parvula at three different altitudes were also measured and analyzed. Kobresia plants genomes assembly and transcriptome analysis will assist research into mechanisms of plant adaptation to environments with high altitude and cold weather.
Randomized controlled trial of favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, and standard care in patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 disease
Authors: AlQahtani Manaf , Kumar Nitya , Aljawder Dhuha , Abdulrahman Abdulkarim , Mohamed Mohammed Wael , Alnashaba Fatema , Fayyad Mohammed Abu , Alshaikh Faisal , Alsahaf Fatima , Saeed Sawsan , Almahroos Amal , Abdulrahim Zainab , Otoom Sameer , Atkin Stephen L.
Published: March 2022

Favipiravir has antiviral activity against influenza, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus and against flaviviruses. The objective of this pilot study was to compare three arms: favipiravir; hydroxychloroquine; standard care (no specific SARS-CoV-2 treatment) only, in symptomatic patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in an open-labelled randomized clinical trial. The trial was registered with Bahrain National Taskforce for Combatting COVID-19 on the 7th of May 2020 (registration code: NCT04387760). 150 symptomatic patients with COVID-19 disease were randomized into one of three arms: favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, or standard care only. The primary outcome was the clinical scale at the end of study follow up (day 14 or on discharge/death) based on a points scale. The secondary outcomes were viral clearance, biochemical parameter changes and mortality at 30-days. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. The proportion of patients who achieved a clinical scale < 2 did not differ between groups. The favipiravir-treated and hydroxychloroquine-treated group showed increased viral clearance (OR, 95%CI 2.38, 0.83–6.78, OR, 95%CI 2.15, 0.78–5.92, respectively) compared to standard care, but this was not significant. The biochemical profile did not differ between groups, except for the platelet count (P < 0.03) and uric acid (P < 0.004) that were higher with favipiravir-treatment. Primary or secondary outcome measures did not differ between favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, and standard therapy for mild to moderate COVID-19 disease; therefore, whilst favipiravir therapy appeared safe with a trend to increased viral clearance, there was no superior therapeutic utility.

Clinical trials registration. NCT04387760. Registration date: 07/05/2020.
Female hormones prevent sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: an experimental randomized study
Authors: Xerri Alexandre , Gallardo Frédéric , Kober Frank , Mathieu Calypso , Fourny Natacha , Tran Thi Thom , Mege Jean-Louis , Singer Mervyn , Lalevée Nathalie , Bernard Monique , Leone Marc
Published: March 2022

Although epidemiologic research has demonstrated significant differences in incidence and outcomes of sepsis according to sex, their underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we studied the influence of hormonal status by comparing in vivo cardiac performances measured by MRI in non-ovariectomized and ovariectomized septic female rats. Control and ovariectomized rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: sham, sepsis and sepsis plus landiolol. Sepsis was induced by caecum ligation and punction (CLP). Landiolol, a short-acting selective β1-adrenergic blocker improving the in vivo cardiac performance of septic male rats was perfused continuously after sepsis induction. Cardiac MRI was carried out 18 h after induction of sepsis to assess in vivo cardiac function. Capillary permeability was evaluated by Evans Blue administration and measurement of its tissue extravasation. Variation in myocardial gene and protein expression was also assessed by qPCR and western-blot in the left ventricular tissue. Sepsis reduced indexed stroke volume, cardiac index and indexed end-diastolic volume compared to sham group in ovariectomized females whereas it had no effect in control females. This was associated with an overexpression of JAK2 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation on Ser727 site, and an inhibition of the adrenergic pathways in OVR females. Landiolol increased the indexed stroke volume by reversing the indexed end-diastolic volume reduction after sepsis in ovariectomized females, while it decreased indexed stroke volume and cardiac index in control. This was supported by an overexpression of genes involved in calcium influx in OVR females while an inactivation of the β-adrenergic and a calcium efflux pathway was observed in control females. Sepsis decreased in vivo cardiac performances in ovariectomized females but not in control females, presumably associated with a more pronounced inflammation, inhibition of the adrenergic pathway and calcium efflux defects. Administration of landiolol prevents this cardiac dysfunction in ovariectomized females with a probable activation of calcium influx, while it has deleterious effects in control females in which calcium efflux pathways were down-regulated.
Loss of KAP3 decreases intercellular adhesion and impairs intracellular transport of laminin in signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Soda Tomohiro , Gen Yasuyuki , Terasaki Kei , Iwai Naoto , Kitaichi Tomoko , Dohi Osamu , Taketani Hiroyoshi , Seko Yuya , Umemura Atsushi , Nishikawa Taichiro , Yamaguchi Kanji , Moriguchi Michihisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito , Yasui Kohichiroh
Published: March 2022

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a unique subtype of gastric cancer that is impaired for cell–cell adhesion. The pathogenesis of SRCC remains unclear. Here, we show that expression of kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3), a cargo adaptor subunit of the kinesin superfamily protein 3 (KIF3), a motor protein, is specifically decreased in SRCC of the stomach. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout experiments indicated that loss of KAP3 impairs the formation of circumferential actomyosin cables by inactivating RhoA, leading to the weakening of cell–cell adhesion. Furthermore, in KAP3 knockout cells, post-Golgi transport of laminin, a key component of the basement membrane, was inhibited, resulting in impaired basement membrane formation. Together, these findings uncover a potential role for KAP3 in the pathogenesis of SRCC of the stomach.
Effects of a gluten challenge in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial
Authors: Saadati Saeede , Sadeghi Amir , Mohaghegh-Shalmani Hamid , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Elli Luca , Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Hamid , Rodrigo Luis , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2022

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently overlap. Although, gluten-free diet (GFD) and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) improve the IBS clinical picture, many aspects remain unclear. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate gluten tolerance, anxiety and quality of life in a specific study population. Fifty IBS patients were asked to follow a low FODMAP strict GFD for 6 weeks and were then randomly allocated to the following groups for a further 6 weeks: (A) receiving 8 g/day of gluten for 2 weeks; gluten-tolerating subjects received 16 g/day for 2 weeks and then 32 g/day for a further 2 weeks; (B) continuing to follow a low FODMAP strict GFD; and (C) receiving a gluten-containing diet. After the first 6 weeks, symptom scores significantly improved. Pain severity, bloating and total score were significantly decreased in the GFD and in the high-gluten groups, while the satiety score significantly increased in group C. Between-group analysis revealed significant differences for pain severity (p = 0.02), pain frequency (p = 0.04) and impact on community function (p = 0.02) at the end of the study. Our findings suggest that low FODMAP strict GFD could be prescribed in IBS patients and would reduce anxiety and improve the quality of life.
Long-term investigation of environmental radioactivity levels and public health around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China
Authors: Cao Yiyao , Lin Junping , Zhai Kangle , Jiang Wei , Zou Hua , Ren Hong , Wang Peng , Gao Xiangjing , Zhang Meibian , Yu Shunfei , Zhao Yaoxian , Xuan Zhiqiang , Zhang Dongxia , Liu Yulian , Lou Xiaoming
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the impact of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (Qinshan NPP) in normal operation on the surrounding environment and population, the radioactivity levels of drinking water and the ambient environment, as well as the residents’ cancer incidence, were continuously monitored for a period of 9 years (2012–2020). All of the gross α and β radioactivity concentrations in drinking water were less than the WHO recommended values (0.5 Bq/L for gross α and 1 Bq/L for gross β). The results of ambient environment accumulated dose monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) indicated that the ambient environment radioactive level around the Qinshan NPP is consistently at natural background radiation levels. The age-dependent annual effective doses due to the ingestion of tap water or exposure to the outdoor ambient environment are lower than the reference dose of 0.1 mSv/year. The corresponding excess risks are at relatively low levels. Thus, the consumption of drinking water and outdoor activities are not expected to give rise to any detectable adverse effects on the health of the public around the Qinshan NPP. For all cancers combined, the age-standardized incidence rate by the Chinese 2000 standard population of the inhabitants living around Qinshan NPP is consistent with that of Zhejiang Province as a whole. Based on current radiation risk estimates, radiation exposure is not a plausible explanation for any excess cancers observed in the vicinity of the Qinshan NPP.
Hyperpolarization read-out through rapidly rotating fields in the zero- and low-field regime
Authors: Dagys Laurynas , Bengs Christian
Published: March 2022

Rapidly rotating magnetic field induces hyperpolarization read-out at low- or zero-field.
High-performance five-ring-fused organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Jiamin , Hu Peng , Zhang Hao-Li , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2022

Five-ring-fused organic semiconductors represent a good balance between high mobility and good stability for application in organic field-effect transistors.
The use of concentrated multiple reflection ATR spectroscopy in the analysis of nail polish as forensic evidence
Authors: Koçak Ali , Kang Sangsu
Published: March 2022

Multiple reflection ATR spectroscopy is a technique used in cases where additional sensitivity is required over that provided by single reflection.
Engineering a ternary one-dimensional Fe2P@SnP0.94@MoS2 mesostructure through magnetic-field-induced self-assembly as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Liu Jinyun , Zhou Ting , Han Tianli , Zhu Liying , Wang Yan , Hu Yunfei , Chen Zhonghua
Published: March 2022

A novel ternary one-dimensional mesostructure composed of MoS2 nanosheets grown in situ on SnP0.94 nanotubes embedded with Fe2P nanospheres is developed through magnetic-field-induced self-assembly, and displays a long cycle life for lithium storage.
Aryl-substituted-indanone end-capped nonfullerene acceptors for organic solar cells with a low nonradiative loss
Authors: Xie Meiling , Shi Yanan , Zhang Hao , Pan Junxiu , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: March 2022

An aryl-substituted terminal group enables considerably low nonradiative energy loss (ΔEnr) of 0.15 eV and thus high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.99 V.
A dual-response NIR probe reveals positive correlation between biothiols and viscosity under cellular stress change
Authors: Li Sha , Huo Fangjun , Wen Ying , Yin Caixia
Published: March 2022

A mitochondrial targeted NIR fluorescent probe NIR-NBD was used for the detection of biothiols and viscosity. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the biothiol level and viscosity under cellular stress change was found for the first time.
RuPHOX–Ru catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-substituted tetralones via a dynamic kinetic resolution
Authors: Li Jingjing , Ye Jianxun , Zhou Jiayu , Li Jing , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin
Published: March 2022

The efficient RuPHOX–Ru catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-substituted tetralones via a dynamic kinetic resolution has been achieved for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydronaphthols under mild reaction conditions.
A photochromic carbazolyl-imidazolyl radical complex
Authors: Kawanishi Yasuki , Segawa Yasutomo , Mutoh Katsuya , Abe Jiro , Kobayashi Yoichi
Published: March 2022

A carbazole-incorporated photochromic radical complex is synthesized.
Wheel-like Gd42 polynuclear complexes with significant magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Che Zi-Wei , Chen Ji-Tun , Wang Tian-Tian , Yan Han , Zhou Teng-Da , Guo Rui , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: March 2022

Two 42-nuclearity lanthanide complexes with a wheel-like structure were synthesized, in which Gd congeners exhibited a significant magnetocaloric effect due to the high isotropy Gd nuclearity and weak ferromagnetic interactions.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric effect study of a polycrystalline Gd0.5Sr0.5−xCaxMnO3 compound
Authors: Chatterjee Soma , Das Kalipada , Das I.
Published: March 2022

The variation of the maximum value of magnetic entropy changes with the doping concentration x of Gd0.5Sr0.5−xCaxMnO3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) compounds.
The reaction of acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and ammonia to yield 2-methylimidazole: thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the mechanism
Authors: Tuguldurova Vera P. , Vodyankina Olga V. , Fateev Alexander V.
Published: March 2022

The most thermodynamically and kinetically favorable pathways for the formation of 2-methylimidazole in the reaction of glyoxal and acetaldehyde with ammonia in solution have been determined by theoretical and experimental approaches.
A SERS platform based on diatomite modified by gold nanoparticles using a combination of layer-by-layer assembly and a freezing-induced loading method
Authors: Cvjetinovic Julijana , Merdalimova Anastasiia A. , Kirsanova Maria A. , Somov Pavel A. , Nozdriukhin Daniil V. , Salimon Alexey I. , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Gorin Dmitry A.
Published: March 2022

A novel eco-friendly approach based on a combination of layer-by-layer and freezing-induced loading techniques implemented to modify diatomite using gold nanoparticles ensures surface-enhanced Raman scattering and photoacoustic signal amplification.
Microgels react to force: mechanical properties, syntheses, and force-activated functions
Authors: Schulte M. Friederike , Izak-Nau Emilia , Braun Susanne , Pich Andrij , Richtering Walter , Göstl Robert
Published: March 2022

The unique response of microgels to force can be measured by AFM, tailored by synthesis, and used for activating functionality.
A MOF derived bifunctional electrocatalyst Ni3ZnC0.7-Mo2C with enhanced performance for overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Chenfeng , Wang Zengyao , Yao Zhiqiang , Liu Huixiang , Li Xuanyang , Essandoh Melchizedek Lord Kwesi , Dong Pei , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: March 2022

A bifunctional electrocatalyst Ni3ZnC0.7-Mo2C was achieved by a MOF derived strategy and the synergistic effect between the Mo and Ni species greatly facilitates its HER and OER performance (overpotentials of 58 mV and 257 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively).
Heterobimetallic cyanide-bridged FeIII(μ-CN)MIIcomplexes (M = Mn and Cu): synthesis, structure and magnetism
Authors: Ahmed Sayeed , Kumar Akhilesh , Mukhopadhyay Narottam , Lloret Francesc , Mukherjee Rabindranath
Published: March 2022

Systematic magneto-structural studies reveal ‘[FeIII(Tp)(CN)2(μ-CN)MnIICl(L1/L2)]′ (both antiferromagnetic) and [FeIII(Tp)(CN)2(μ-CN)CuII(L1/L2)]+′(L1ferro- and L2antiferromagnetic).
A novel mitochondrion-targeted fluorescent probe for detecting viscosity in living cells and zebrafishes
Authors: Cai Shushun , Guo Rui , Liu Qing , Gong Xi , Li Xiaoya , Yang Yingjie , Lin Weiying
Published: March 2022

We have designed a novel mitochondrion-targeted fluorescent probe (CSS-1) for detecting viscosity in living cells and zebrafishes.
An “on–off–on” fluorescent peptide probe for the specific detection of Cu2+ and S2− in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Hu Yue , Quan Siqi , Zhao Chuang , Li Jianan , Sun Xiuxia , Xiao Jianxi
Published: March 2022

Cu2+ plays an important role as the third most abundant essential trace element in normal physiological activities and metabolism of organisms.
Renewable spent mushroom compost-derived carbon for solid-state supercapacitors as a sustainable alternative
Authors: Dhanasekaran P. , Kumar Deivasigamani Ranjith , Shim Jae-Jin , Kalpana D.
Published: March 2022

The systematic and stepwise formation of spent mushroom compost-derived activated carbon (SMC), electrode assembly, and supercapacitor performance were studied.
Evidence for highly p-type doping and type II band alignment in large scale monolayer WSe2/Se-terminated GaAs heterojunction grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Pierucci Debora , Mahmoudi Aymen , Silly Mathieu , Bisti Federico , Oehler Fabrice , Patriarche Gilles , Bonell Frédéric , Marty Alain , Vergnaud Céline , Jamet Matthieu , Boukari Hervé , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Pala Marco , Ouerghi Abdelkarim
Published: March 2022

Two-dimensional materials (2D) arranged in hybrid van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provide a route toward the assembly of 2D and conventional III–V semiconductors.
Interfacial reaction-induced roughening in polymer thin films
Authors: Sengupta Rajarshi , Tikekar Mukul D. , Delaney Kris T. , Villet Michael C. , Fredrickson Glenn H.
Published: March 2022

Reactive blending of immiscible polymer thin films causes interfacial roughening and spontaneous emulsification.
A highly adhesive, self-healing and perdurable PEDOT:PSS/PAA–Fe3+ gel enabled by multiple non-covalent interactions for multi-functional wearable electronics
Authors: Gao Qiang , Li Chao , Wang Mingxu , Zhu Jiadeng , Munna Dheeman Roy , Wang Peng , Zhu Chunhong , Gao Jiefeng , Gao Chunxia
Published: March 2022

A robust PEDOT:PSS/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)–Fe3+ gel with good mechanical properties, adhesion, and favorable self-healing performance was successfully prepared and demonstrated potential application in wearable electronics.
An efficient condensing algorithm for fast closed loop dual‐mode nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Gonzalez Villarreal Oscar Julian , Rossiter John Anthony , Tsourdos Antonios
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a novel computationally efficient Closed Loop Dual‐Mode Nonlinear Model Predictive Control scheme that uses closed loop models for condensing‐based multiple‐shooting frameworks which result in numerically robust optimisations. The proposed approach uses Time‐Varying gains obtained from solving the Time‐Varying Discrete Algebraic Ricatti Equation to embed feedback around the multiple‐shooting trajectory, and proves the equivalence of the solution with the standard approach, thus resulting in the exact same stability, recursive feasibility and convergence properties. Moreover, the paper proposes an efficient algorithm based on an extension of the well‐known condensing algorithm, which can be used within the so‐called Real‐Time Iteration Scheme to achieve real‐time performance. Simulations of a nonlinear ball‐plate system, as well as of an inverted pendulum, and its extension ‐ the triple inverted pendulum, are presented along the paper to demonstrate the advantages along with some disadvantages, focusing on the numerical conditioning, the disturbance rejection properties, and the computational performance.
Improved synchroextracting transform for frequency‐modulated signals
Authors: Wei Chenglong , Yu Gang , Zhou Yiqi , Li Rui
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on improving the performance of synchroextracting transform technique in dealing with frequency‐modulated (FM) signals. For the time‐varying signal, the SET technique has shown some potential for extracting the instantaneous features of the signal. However, the theoretical framework of SET is established on the fact that the signal to be analysed should be stationary or slowly time‐varying. We consider expanding the theoretical fundamental of SET based on the linear FM signal model for a wider variety of practical applications.
Anomaly detection of steam turbine with hierarchical pre‐warning strategy
Authors: Yao Kun , Fan Shuangshuang , Wang Ying , Wan Jie , Yang Donghui , Cao Yong
Published: March 2022

Anomaly detection of steam turbines is to recognize infrequent instances within sensor data that plays a vital role in stable power supply. Machine learning models have been applied to diagnose the faults of turbine and verified useful for identifying engine problem. To detect anomalies of steam turbines with machine learning methods, here, an approach called hierarchical pre‐warning strategy is proposed that combines clustering methods with classification methods. Three different clustering methods, K‐means, Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor, are chosen to separate anomalies from normal data. Since clustering results cannot give unanimous decision, the clustering instances are labelled with three classes, real anomalies, suspected anomalies and normal data, according to their overlapping recognition. Subsequently, five classification algorithms, k‐nearest neighbour, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting decision tree, have been examined to train the labelled data set. The classification results illustrate that gradient boosting decision tree and random forest are much more precise to detect real anomalies of steam turbines. The real anomalies identified by clustering methods have been classified into suspected anomalies by this approach that is more practicable and consistent with ground truth.
Non‐convex nonlocal adaptive tight frame image deblurring
Authors: Shen Zhengwei
Published: March 2022

The challenge of the image restoration is to recover more detailed information from the degraded images. Based on the observations that wavelet frames have efficient representation ability to image details and the nonconvex regularization in the model may admit unbiased solutions, in this paper, in order to recover more details, a wavelet frames nonconvex ) regularization image restoration model is established that combing with a nonlocal adaptive mean doubly augmented Lagrangian (MDAL) method and context model. Specifically, a nonlocal adaptive MDAL method is proposed to solve the established nonconvex model. Furthermore, in order to mitigate the trade‐off between the regularization error and the noise magnification error, spatially adaptive wavelet thresholding methods based on the context model and nonlocal mean filter are introduced in the algorithm. The convergence analysis of this nonlocal adaptive nonconvex algorithm is also obtained using the KL inequality. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has a competent deblurring and denoising ability, also is efficient and is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Characteristics of electrical tree morphological in glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin under power frequency voltage
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Huang Ziye , Zhang Xiaolei , Shang Jing
Published: March 2022

To study the influence of the arrangement of glass fibres on the growth morphology of electric dendrites, this paper conducted experiments on the initiation and cultivation of electric dendrites on insulation specimens with different glass fibre arrangements. The experimental results show that when the electric field is parallel to the glass fibres, the electric dendrites show linear growth with multiple branches; when the electric field is perpendicular to the glass fibres, the electric dendrites show aggregated growth. The analysis suggests that when the applied electric field is parallel to the glass fibre, to release the discharge energy in the main channel of the dendrite, the discharge in the track of the electric dendrite will drive the electric dendrite to grow along the interface area between the glass fibre and the epoxy resin. When the externally applied electric field is perpendicular to the glass fibre, the discharge within the electric dendrite discharge channel is high. To release the energy in the electrical tree channel, the blast in the electrical tree track induces the electrical tree branch to grow along the interface area and forward.
Ce qui nous attend jusqu’au premier béton
Authors:   La rédaction
Published: March 2022

Avant de couler le premier béton du bâtiment réacteur (ou « 1er béton nucléaire ») du premier EPR 2, les équipes d’EDF et la filière ont encore un long chemin à parcourir. Le lancement du processus de débat public en constituera la première étape, très importante, puisqu’elle permettra d’éclairer la décision d’engagement définitive.
1993 : les conditions du regain du nucléaire déjà sur la table
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: March 2022

Il y a près de trente ans, Jean-Claude Leny alors présidentdirecteur général de Framatome, décrivait pour la Revue Générale Nucléaire le projet de l’EPR, le futur réacteur européen. Il y détaillait les conditions d’un regain du nucléaire. Un texte largement transposable à la situation actuelle.
Aufgabenübertragung ärztlicher Tätigkeiten in
der Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz auf Pflegefachpersonen in Substitution
und Delegation
Authors: Henning Esther , Rädke Anika , Michalowsky Bernhard , Lücker Petra , Biedenweg Bianca , Buchholz Maresa , Drewelow Eva , Wollny Anja , Zorn Daniela , Altiner Attila , Oppermann Roman F. , Kohlmann Thomas , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Seit etwa 15 Jahren wird eine Übertragung
ärztlicher Tätigkeiten an Pflegefachpersonen und damit eine
Aufgabenneuverteilung zwischen beiden Professionen diskutiert. Für
Modellvorhaben wurde bereits eine rechtliche Grundlage geschaffen. Jedoch fehlen
bis heute klar definierte Tätigkeiten. Ziel der AHeaD-Studie war es, die
Meinungen von Hausärzt*innen, Pflegefachpersonen, Menschen mit
Demenz (MmD) und deren Angehörigen zur Möglichkeit der
Substitution und Delegation spezifischer ärztlicher Tätigkeiten
durch Pflegefachpersonen und ihrer Akzeptanz in der ambulanten Demenzversorgung
zu erfassen.

Methodik Durchgeführt wurde eine Mixed-Methods-Studie mit einem
sequentiellen Vertiefungsdesign. Die hier vorgestellte Auswertung bezieht sich
auf die quantitative Befragung der vier Teilnehmer*innengruppen. Es
wurden 865 Teilnehmer*innen zur Akzeptanz der Substitution von
Assessments, Primär- und Folgeverschreibungen, Maßnahmen des
gesundheitlichen Monitorings und weiteren, bislang ausschließlich
ärztlichen Tätigkeiten befragt.

Ergebnisse Über alle Probandengruppen hinweg erzielten das
Assessment von Mobilitätseinschränkungen, der Alltagskompetenz
und von Ernährungsauffälligkeiten, die Verschreibung von
Fahrtdiensten, Pflegehilfsmitteln und häuslicher Krankenpflege sowie die
Durchführung von Blutentnahmen die höchste Zustimmung zur
Substitution. MmD und Angehörige gaben durchweg eine sehr hohe Akzeptanz
der Substitution an, wobei Hausärzt*innen auch bei einer
Substitution von Tätigkeiten weiterhin erste*r
Ansprechpartner*in blieben (88%). Bei den
Hausärzt*innen (63,2%) war im Vergleich zu den
Pflegefachpersonen (56,7%) im Mittel die Akzeptanz der Substitution
höher.

Schlussfolgerung Ein Großteil der Hausärzt*innen,
Pflegefachpersonen, MmD und Angehörigen begrüßte eine
Substitution ärztlicher Tätigkeiten. Dabei stehen MmD und
Angehörige einer Substitution deutlich positiver gegenüber.
Virale anteriore Uveitis
Authors: Baquet-Walscheid Karoline , Pohlmann Dominika , Pleyer Uwe
Published: March 2022

Virale anteriore Uveitiden (AU) lassen sich anhand der charakteristischen Befundkonstellationen (Vorderkammerreiz, Morphologie der Keratopräzipitate, Ausmaß des IOD-Anstiegs im Schub) oft
gut klinisch differenzieren. Bei differenzialdiagnostischen Schwierigkeiten hilft die Vorderkammerpunktion mit Durchführung einer virusspezifischen PCR und/oder die Antikörperbestimmung
(Goldmann-Witmer-Koeffizient), wobei beide Techniken spezifisch sind, aber keine absolute Sensitivität besitzen. Therapiert wird bei HSV, VZV und CMV immer kombiniert antiviral und
antiinflammatorisch sowie ggf. drucksenkend, wohingegen für die Rubella-assoziierte AU kein spezifisches Virustatikum existiert und Steroide aufgrund der unerwünschten Wirkungen äußerst
zurückhaltend eingesetzt werden sollten. Problematisch bei allen Formen der viralen AU ist das Risiko der Sekundärglaukomentwicklung im Falle rezidivierender Episoden, das nicht selten
operativ behandelt werden muss.
Zielgerichtete Anamnese und Diagnostik bei Uveitis
Authors: Grajewski Rafael S. , Tappeiner Christoph , Thurau Stephan
Published: March 2022

Uveitis ist ein Sammelbegriff für eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher intraokularer Entzündungen. Dabei variieren die zugrunde liegenden Ätiologien sehr stark in Abhängigkeit vom Subtyp der
Uveitis, vor allem vom anatomischen Schwerpunkt. Die Hauptformen der anterioren Uveitis stellen die akute fibrinöse unilaterale Verlaufsform, häufig mit dem HLA-B27-Haplotyp assoziiert, und
die granulomatöse Entzündung, typischerweise im Zusammenhang mit einer Sarkoidose oder einer Herpesinfektion, dar. Die intermediäre Uveitis ist meistens idiopathischer Natur, kann jedoch
auch mit einer Multiplen Sklerose oder einer Sarkoidose assoziiert sein, während bei Patienten nach dem 45. Lebensjahr auch an ein vitreoretinales Lymphom als Masquerade-Syndrom gedacht
werden muss. Die Uveitis posterior wiederum, und ähnlich auch die retinale Vaskulitis und Panuveitis, haben eine sehr breite ätiologische Vielfalt, die aber ebenso befundorientiert
eingegrenzt werden kann. So haben Retinitiden häufig eine infektiöse Genese (Toxoplasma und Viren der Herpesgruppe), während es sich bei Chorioiditiden häufig um spezifische, vermutlich
autoimmune Entitäten handelt, wobei auch hier Infektionen, z. B. Tuberkulose, zugrunde liegen können. Anamnese und Labordiagnostik sollten bei Patienten mit Uveitis daher maßgeschneidert und
orientiert am anatomischen Schwerpunkt der Entzündung (Uveitis anterior, intermedia, posterior oder Panuveitis) und dem klinischen Bild (z. B. granulomatös vs. nicht granulomatös)
erfolgen.
Ganzheitliche Krebsbegleitung: Die Ressourcen und Ziele vor Augen haben
Authors: Gottfried Julia
Published: March 2022

Unsere Gesprächspartnerin: Frau Dr. med. Julia Gottfried

Seit 05/2019 Leitende Ärztin Integrative Onkologie, Palliativ-
und Schmerzmedizin an der Klinik Öschelbronn. Seit 2020 Dozentin an der
Dualen Hochschule Karlsruhe, Studiengang Angewandte
Gesundheitswissenschaften.

12/2005-12/2011 Facharztausbildung Innere Medizin im
Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum. 02/2012
Gebietsanerkennung Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt
Hämatologie/Onkologie. 07/2012 Anerkennung
Zusatzbezeichnung Palliativmedizin. 2018 Anerkennung Zusatzbezeichnung
Naturheilverfahren.
Neue Therapieansätze für Speicheldrüsenmalignome
Authors: Nachtsheim Lisa , Prinz Johanna , Arolt Christoph , Quaas Alexander , Meyer Moritz , Klußmann Jens Peter , Wolber Philipp
Published: March 2022

In den vergangenen Jahren haben sich durch die Verbesserung und Verbreitung molekularpathologischer Testverfahren und die Möglichkeit von zielgerichteten Therapien neue Optionen in der Behandlung von Speicheldrüsenmalignomen ergeben. Durch die neuen zielgerichteten Therapieoptionen werden Patienten deutlich weniger toxische Alternativen zur konventionellen zytostatischen Chemotherapie geboten. Zum einen gibt es neue entitätsspezifische Therapien, wie z.B. die Therapie mit NTRK-Inhibitoren bei sekretorischen Karzinomen und die Therapie mit Axitinib bei adenoidzystischen Karzinomen. Darüber hinaus rücken aber auch entitätsübergreifende Therapeutika, wie z.B. die antiandrogene Therapie, die HER2-Inhibition oder auch die PI3K-Inhibition, in den Vordergrund. Bei metastasierten/rezidivierten Speicheldrüsenkarzinomen, welche nicht mit einer zielgerichteten Therapie behandelt werden können, werden weiterhin hauptsächlich platinbasierte Chemotherapien eingesetzt.
Radical Oxyazidation of Alkenes in Pure Water
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Yajun , Cui Jinfeng , Bao Hongli
Published: March 2022

Compared to universal radical difunctionalizations of alkenes that are performed with organic solvents, such reactions with water as the sole solvent are rarely reported. Concerning the global consensus on environmental issues, we have developed herein a method for the radical oxyazidation of alkenes in pure water. This reaction allows the construction of C–N and C–O bonds in a one-pot process. Styrenes, 1,3-dienes, and unactivated alkenes react smoothly under mild and environmentally benign conditions to afford a wide scope of functionalized azides in excellent yields and selectivities.
Subacute Thyroiditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Six Cases Report
and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kurtulmus Neslihan , Kayikci Kubra
Published: March 2022

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid that
develops following viral upper respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 virus,
the cause of COVID-19, binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2)
molecule expressed on the target cell surface. Thyroid gland shows high levels
of ACE2 expression. The cases of SARS-CoV-2-related subacute thyroiditis and
Graves’ disease have been reported. It has recently been noted that
vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 also induce autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. We
present six (4 male, 2 female) cases of SAT that developed after mRNA and
inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. And we have reviewed the literature. SAT was
seen in 5 patients after mRNA vaccine, in one after inactivated vaccine. Their
clinic and laboratory findings suggested to SAT. They were treated with
nonsteroid anti-inflamatory drugs and/or methylprednisolone.They
recovered within few weeks. Out patients did not have permanent hypothyroidism
after SAT. The history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be questioned in
patients with subacute thyroiditis in pandemic days.
Rapid scanning explores high-frequency spin relaxation without the hassle
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2022

Rapid scan electron spin resonance avoids the need for high power sources, allows for flexible spectroscopy