bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del uso de Facebook a nivel municipal. Una aplicación a municipios españoles
Authors: Bonsón Enrique , Royo Sonia , Cambra Esther
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of social networks and other Web 2.0 tools has gained great importance in the public sector since it enables a new form of communication between the administration and the citizens. Appropriate metrics and methodologies are needed to determine its impact. This work illustrates the application of different metrics of Facebook use at the municipal level, both by city councils and citizens, taking a sample of Spanish councils and public data. The results show that a considerable percentage of city councils do not use Facebook to communicate with the citizens. Also, municipalities that use Facebook reach modest levels of awareness and interaction and don’t use the media or content that generates the most impact on users. Therefore, local administrations must rethink their strategies regarding the use of these tools to improve their interaction with the citizens.
Programas electorales: teoría y relevancia en la contienda electoral
Authors: Ramírez Franco Luz Dary
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to demonstrate the relevance of electoral programs as an object of study to test electoral competition, representation, the positioning of the parties and other theoretical sections of political science, this article presents a theoretical review of the sources that support them. Also, the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) database methodology is outlined as one of the tools that has allowed to contrast and validate this theoretical body. The paper also presents a section on the general characteristics of the electoral programs. Both theoretical and empirical studies lead to conclude that electoral program is so relevant in the field of electoral competition that it should be defined as a political contract between candidates/party and voters, and that this role should be understood as a first step to give this document a legal character, not without mentioning the need to institutionalize an ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of it.
El “cambio de políticas públicas”. ¿Cuáles son sus dimensiones y cómo se puede medir?
Authors: Viñas Verónica , Page Angie , Pike Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

The theoretical debate on policy change has been consolidated since the early 90s. However, the different approaches on the subject have evolved separately, there was no communication between them. This has limited the progress in the policy change definition, making it difficult to analyse it empirically and measure it. Therefore, to address the analysis of the process of change of one specific policy, it is important to consider first:
What is “policy change” according to the main theoretical approaches on this subject? Is it possible to distinguish different dimensions to operationalize the empirical analysis of the processes of change in policy? What is appropriate to measure in each dimension of change? What questions and indicators are advisable for the analysis of each dimension? Can the same questions and indicators be used to measure the change processes of different policies, to allow comparisons and feedback between empirical researches?
In order to answer these questions, a research that review of the main theoretical approaches on policy change was carried out, concluding that “policy change” is a complex concept. While there are much research focused on policy change, not all of them explain in detail what this concept means from their perspective. Therefore, it is interesting to focus on the dimensions of policy change and reflect how to measure them. The research also concludes that the process of policy change can include the following dimensions: changes in the discourses and theories in use, changes in attitudes, changes in procedures, changes in the policy content, changes in behaviour and changes in the policies recipients. Each one of these dimensions can be analysed through different questions and indicators.
This article presents a summary of this part of the research with examples based on the analysis of a specific policy, making concrete and operative proposals for empirical research. These reflections and proposals on how to measure policy change can be useful for research focused on change in any area of public action.
Talentos en el sector público brasileño: el resultado de una colaboración innovadora entre sociedad civil y Estado
Authors: Toyota Joice
Published: July 2024

Certain shifts in demography, social values, and the labor market are part of a generational transformation that favors the attraction of young talents for the Brazilian public sector. However, the Brazilian State faces structural obstacles to take advantage of the opportunity to train a new generation of public professionals, among which are the poor organization and inconsistent of the Brazilian bureaucracy, its fragility as employer, and its obsolete recruitment and development methods. In this context, the civil society organization Vetor Brasil assumed the responsibility of contributing to overcome these obstacles. It launched the Public Management Trainee Program in 2015 in order to provide assistance in recruiting, selecting, and developing talented youth for public service careers. Using a method based on skills, it has received 60,000 applications and placed 280 professionals in local government positions of all Brazilian federal units. It now boasts a network of committed and diverse professionals capable of driving cultural changes in the public sector multiplying Vetor’s mission. The initiative also works as laboratory for new human resources management practices that can be tested and generate evidence. After three years of operation, the program have opened countless horizons and Vector has privileged its voice in the growing debate on the modernization of Brazil’s public sector. Trusting that the lessons learned could provide an inspiration and example for the development a growing ecosystem of civil society organizations devoted in promoting innovation within State, Vetor shares its experience in this article.
Representaciones sociales de sobrevivientes del conflicto armado sobre las medidas de reparación normativas en Colombia: el caso Barrancabermeja
Authors: Salas Picón Wilson Miguel , Pérez Correa Kethy Luz , Moreno Correa Julio César , Carrasco Tapias Nayib , Valenzuela Bonilla Elsa Beatriz
Published: July 2024

Building peace is a challenge for a country like Colombia that has remained hopeless to achieve it for more than half a century. This requires the participation of all Colombians, especially those victims of serious violations, whose fundamental rights were affected as a consequence of the armed conflict. In order to intervene in this process, the State created the Law 1448 in 2011 to compensate the damages and restore territories. After six years it is important to know the perception and experience of the families affected by displacement and enforced disappearance about the individual and collective reparation contemplated in its articles. To achieve this objective a hermeneutical research took place between 2016 and 2018 with 60 participants from different organizations, associations and collectives from Barrancabermeja, Colombia. Interactive techniques were used -descriptive, historical-narrative, analytical and expressive- and allowed the expression of thoughts, feelings, experiences and appreciations about the Law 1448/2011. In this way the participants illustrated the social representation around the elements of the integral reparation that is supposed to be fulfilled by the Colombian State. The results show that the participants continue under the condition of victims and
that they want dignity rather than an economic compensation. They demand the truth and answers to their emotional losses and a State that guarantee non-repetition of violations to the fundamental rights. Furthermore, the results indicate that the regulatory framework must be modified according to the needs demanded by the survivors in terms of rehabilitation and the effective enjoyment of human rights at the individual, collective, material, symbolic and moral level. Only in this way it facilitates the end of the internal armed conflict and the achievement of a stable and lasting peace.
La diversidad de género en el sector público y su influencia en el gasto público y buen gobierno. Evidencia en Latinoamérica
Authors: Briano Turrent Guadalupe del Carmen
Published: July 2024

Gender diversity and its impact on the decisions and performance of the public sector have received great attention from the academia and the international legislation. Although the representation of women in leadership positions in the public sector has increased, their influence on economic and social performance indicators has been poorly studied by the international literature, while in Latin America there are no comparative studies that evidence the contribution of gender diversity to economic and institutional development. Based on agency and critical mass theories, this paper aims to analyze the influence of gender diversity on the National Parliaments and Municipalities positions on public spending decisions and good governance indicators, including corruption. The study sample is made up of 18 countries and 378 observations during the 1997-2017 period. Although the participation of women on the National Parliaments shows an important increase in Latin America, the 50-50 parity has not been reached. Econometric results show that women in National Parliaments favor good governance indicators, particularly in the dimensions of political stability and nonviolence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption, while elected women mayors favor the regulatory quality and the rule of law. Furthermore, women mayors encourage greater non-social spending on economic issues, while increasing social spending on environmental protection, recreational activities, culture and religion, and social protection. In the economic sphere, women mayors increase tax revenues and tend to decrease total public debt. This document concludes that women in leadership positions in the public sector are more oriented toward social issues and strengthening of institutions, since they tend to adopt an ethical orientation and are more concerned with the needs of the diverse interest groups.
Teorías neosistémicas y administración pública: posibilidades observacionales y regulativas
Authors: Pont Vidal Josep
Published: July 2024

The use of neo-systemic theories and the theory of self-referential systems in the observation and analysis of public administration is still scarce. With few exceptions, the empirical use of the self-referential systems theory is rejected for various reasons, including its high degree of abstraction, its theoretical-conceptual ignorance, and its complex and diffuse empirical applicability. Within the framework of the complexity and polycentric presentation of modern societies, this study presents a reflection on the possibilities of applying this theory in the observation and analysis of public administration. This paper is structured in three sections. First, it describes the meaning of complexity and how it impacts on the structure of public administration. Secondly, the basic epistemological and conceptual premises of the self-referential systems theory for public administration (self-referentiality and self-organization) and recent contributions (contextual orientation) are presented. It is emphasized that the capacity of self-organization of the public administration is not only a spontaneous process, but can also be structured and sequentially managed from the outside of the system, that is, in autonomous internal and external combination. In this thesis two distinctive aspects stand out. On one hand, a weak or unfinished point of the systems theory is found when establishing a link between self-organization and leadership, which is considered as necessary based on the "sequential" idea, and that in the systemic optics in the public administration applies to its ability to be autonomous and in turn dependent on the outside (political system). On the other hand, the analysis of the link between self-organization
(endogenous) and leadership (exogenous) is exposed. Next, the concept of “triple differentiation” is explained from the perspective of public administration as a specialized functional system. Finally, some lines and hypotheses are presented for future research.
ಎಡ್ವಿನ್ ಜೆ. ಎಫ್ ಡಿ ಸೋಜಾಚ್ಯಾ ಉಣ್ಯಾ ಭಾವಾಡ್ತಾಚೆ ದೊಳ್ಯಾಂನಿ ಕೊಡಿಯಾಳ್ ಪರಿಸರ್ ಆನಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ
Authors: D'Souza Joseph Cyril
Published: July 2024

ಖಾಣ್-ಜೆವಣ್, ನ್ಹೆಸಣ್ ಆನಿ ದಿಸ್ಪಡ್ತೆಂ ಜಿವಿತ್ - ಹೆ ಖಂಚ್ಯಾಯ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಚೆ ಮಹತ್ವಾಚೆ ಆನಿ ಮುಳಾವೆ ಘಟಕ್ ಜಾವ್ನಾಸೊನ್, ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಾಂತ್ಲ್ಯಾ ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕತಾ ಆನಿ ಅರ್ಥಾಚೆ ಗಿರೆಸ್ತ್ ಮೂಳ್ ಜಾವ್ನಾಸಾತ್. ಪಾತ್ರಾಂಚೆಂ ಪ್ರೇರಣ್, ಪಾತ್ರಾಂ ಮಧ್ಲೊ ಸಂಘರ್ಶ್, ವಿಶ್ವ್ ದಿಶ್ಟಿಕೋನ್ ರೂಪಿತ್ ಕರ್ಚ್ಯಾಕ್ ಧರ್ಮ್ ಆನಿ ಪಾತ್ಯೆಣಿ ಗೂಂಡ್ ಪಾತ್ರ್ ಖೆಳ್ತಾತ್. ಹ್ಯಾ ಲೇಖನಾಂತ್ ಎಡ್ವಿನ್ ಜೆ. ಎಫ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾಚ್ಯಾ ಉಣ್ಯಾ ಭಾವಾಡ್ತಾಚೆ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಂತ್ ಕೊಡಿಯಾಳ್ ಆನಿ ಭೊಂವ್ತಿಚೆಂ ಪರಿಸರ್ ಆನಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಕಶಿ ಚಿತ್ರಿತ್ ಜಾಲ್ಯಾ, ಕಾದಂಬರಿಂತ್ ದಾಖಯಿಲ್ಲೊ ಧರ್ಮಿಕ್ ಆನಿ ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ್ ಅಂಶ್ ಪಾತ್ರಾಂಚ್ಯಾ ಬಳ್ವಂತ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣಾಕ್ ಕಸೊ ಪೂರಕ್ ಆನಿ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಂತ್ಲ್ಯಾ ಪಾತ್ರಾಂನಿ ಸಂದರ್ಭಾಕ್ ಸರಿ ಜಾವ್ನ್ ಘೆಂವ್ಚ್ಯಾ ನಿರ್ಣಯಾಂಚೆರ್ ಆನಿ ಸಂವಾದಾಚೆರ್ ಕಸೊ ಪರಿಣಾಮ್ ಘಾಲ್ತಾ - ಹಾಚೊ ಖೊಲಾಯೆನ್ ವಿಚಾರ್ ಚಲಯ್ಲಾ. ಕಥಾನಕಾಚೆಂ ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಂಗ್ ಆನಿ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕತಾ ಸಮ್ಜೊನ್ ಘೆವ್ನ್ ಕಥಾನಕಾಚ್ಯಾ ಪಾತ್ರಾಂಚೆರ್ ಆನಿ ತಾಂಚ್ಯಾ ವಾಡಾವಳಿಚೆರ್ ಹಾಚೊ ಪರಿಣಾಮ್ ಕಸೊ ಜಾಲಾ ಮ್ಹಳ್ಳ್ಯಾಚೊ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ್ ಹ್ಯಾ ಲೇಖನಾಂತ್ ಜಾಲಾ ಮಾತ್ರ್ ನ್ಹಯ್, ಹೆಂ ಉಣ್ಯಾ ಭಾವಾಡ್ತಾಚೆ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಚ್ಯಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆಕ್ ಆನಿ ಸಾಹಿತಿಕ್ ಗಿರೇಸ್ತ್ಕಾಯೆಕ್ ದಿಲ್ಲ್ಯಾ ಯೋಗ್ದಾನಾಚಿ ಗೂಂಡ್ ಸಮ್ಜಣಿ ವಾಚ್ಪ್ಯಾಕ್ ದಿತಾ.
Study on Cultural Consumption Characteristics of Museum Short Video Platforms under the Threshold of Identifier Economics
Authors: Dan Liu Dan Liu ,   Northeast Asian Arts and Cultural Management Association
Published: July 2024

Purpose - This study examines museums’ operations on the Shakeology platform, elucidating the characteristics of museums’ cultural consumption in relation to identity, cultural identity, value identity, and the cluster effect of certified museums. The study explores how short video platforms can serve as effective tools for cultural communication and consumption promotion.
Design/Methodology/Approach - The study utilizes qualitative research to investigate how museums utilize the Shakeology platform to create a diverse content ecosystem and improve audience engagement. Data is collected through the analysis of museum activities on the platform, including content types, interaction strategies, and audience engagement. It also examines how short video platforms differ from traditional media in terms of granular information processing and community interaction.
Findings - Short video platforms are more effective in communication than traditional media due to their granular information processing and community interaction. Museums that focus on Shakeology can enhance consumers’ connection to cultural heritage, optimize market positioning, and improve audience interaction. Key characteristics of cultural consumption on the platform include enhanced cultural identity, value identity, and a significant cluster effect of certified museums, leading to a richer cultural experience for audiences.
Research Implications - The study holds significant implications for museums aiming to utilize modern media for audience engagement and market positioning. By understanding cultural consumption dynamics on short video platforms, museums can customize content and interaction strategies to cultivate stronger audience connections. The study suggests that museums should continue to innovate and adapt to new media trends to enhance their cultural communication efforts.
Addressing Methane Venting: Strategies and Implications on the Environment
Authors: Mathew Ikpe Otor , Otaraku Ipeghan , Oji Akuma , Ikenyiri Patience Nne
Published: July 2024

Industrial processes, including oil and gas production, landfill operations, and agriculture, emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This article examined methane emissions in Rivers State's Soku, Agbada, and Oyigbo oil and gas extraction communities. The net methane emissions(mg/l) for facilities A, B, and C are 0.90, 0.28, and 1.03, respectively. The corresponding temperature rise for the host communities over the same period were 1.87 oC, 0.37 oC, and 1.16 oC, respectively. All three sites have near-neutral unstable methane dispersion using Monin-Obukhov length. This article examined new methane venting mitigation technologies and their effects on bioenergy and environmental engineering. The study analyzed existing methane venting trends in several Rivers State oil production sites and their effects on local temperature and the environment, emphasizing the necessity for adequate mitigation. This paper also examined new methane capture, use, and sequestration technologies. The article also examines methane mitigation and bioenergy industry synergies, stressing co-benefit strategies that improve sustainability and economic feasibility. Methane mitigation strategies in Rivers State increase energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and air quality, according to the paper. This study helps reduce methane emissions by providing possible alternatives and their effects on bioenergy development and environmental stewardship. Interdisciplinarity and innovation are encouraged to accelerate sustainable and resilient development.
Quotes of the day: Media Expressive Writing untuk melatih kemampuan katarsis dalam mengekspresikan diri pada siswa kelas 7 dan 8 Boarding SMPIT Darul Fikri Makassar
Authors: Aminanty Amirah , Herman Afifah Luthfiyah , Ginanty Adinda Hudy , Wati Yuyun Widia , Devianti Ulfa
Published: July 2024

Fase remaja merupakan salah satu fase yang sangat kompleks dalam rentang perkembangan manusia. Periode penting dalam kehidupan ini ditandai dengan perkembangan fisik, emosional, dan sosial yang signifikan. Pada tahap ini, remaja mengalami banyak perubahan dan tantangan yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku dan emosi mereka. Oleh karena itu, pemberian wadah untuk membantu remaja mengekspresikan emosi dengan tepat menjadi kegiatan yang sangat berguna untuk meregulasi emosi remaja. Program "Quotes of The Day" merupakan kegiatan yang digagas dengan tujuan untuk memberikan wadah bagi siswa-siswi kelas 7 dan 8 Boarding SMPIT Darul Fikri Makassar dalam mengekspresikan diri dan mengelola emosi mereka. Dalam program ini, siswa diminta untuk menuliskan quotes, perasaan, dan harapan mereka menggunakan sticky notes, yang kemudian ditempelkan di dinding kelas sebagai media ekspresi. Melalui metode expressive writing, siswa dapat membebaskan emosi negatif dan mengembangkan keterampilan mengekspresikan diri secara positif. Metode pelaksanaan program meliputi tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Selama tahap pelaksanaan, siswa terlibat aktif dalam menulis, menempelkan, dan membaca kutipan-kutipan yang dipamerkan di dinding kelas. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program dan merumuskan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan di masa mendatang. Hasil dari program ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa menunjukkan minat dan antusiasme yang tinggi dalam mengungkapkan diri mereka melalui menulis quotes. Program ini juga mendapatkan respon positif dari pihak sekolah, yang memunculkan gagasan untuk melanjutkan dan mengembangkan program tersebut.
EDUKASI PERILAKU HIDUP SEHAT UNTUK IKUT MENDONORKAN DARAH
Authors: Riawati Danik , Wahyuono Titis , Fitri Aisyah Auliany , Wardani Arityanti Sri , Saputri Jilba Faradaini
Published: July 2024

Donor darah merupakan suatu proses pengambilan darah dari seseorang secara sukarela untuk disimpan di bank darah agar kemudian digunakan untuk transfusi darah. PMI Kota Surakarta berupaya meningkatkan kualitas serta pelayanan Unit Donor Darah (UDD) dengan melakukan kegiatan donor darah baik di dalam maupun diluar gedung. Kegiatan tersebut diperlukan dukasi /pendidikan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan angka pendonor. Penyuluhan ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat bahwa donor darah merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku hidup sehat serta kegiatan donor dapat diakses dimana-mana. Lokasi kegiatan penyuluhan ini dilakukan di Car Free Day (CFD) Kota Surakarta pada saat kegiatan donor darah Mobile Unit (MU) yang diselenggarakan pada Minggu, 08 Januari 2023 pukul 08.00-10.00 WIB. Keberhasilan penyuluhan terlihat dari antusiasme responden dalam memberikan banyak pertanyaan kepada para pemateri selama sesi tanya jawab berlangsung, serta keaktifan responden menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh tim penyuluhan.
MELATIH REGULASI EMOSI MELALUI JURNAL COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL
Authors: Irdi Irdianti , Az-Zahra A.Fatima , Meidynita Kadir Almanda , Harfinah  , Renaldi
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan kepada partisipan dalam meregulasikan emosinya melalui journaling. Journaling dijadikan wadah untuk partisipan menuangkan segala bentuk emosi yang mereka alami dalam kejadian sehari-hari dan kemudian meregulasikannya kembali dengan tujuan untuk mengelola dan mengatur emosi partisipan. Kegiatan yang diikuti 3 partisipan dari Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Negeri Makassar dan dilakukan pada kegiatan masing-masing, diberi jangka waktu satu minggu untuk mengelola emosinya. Adapun kegiatan ini menggunakan intervensi expressive writing yaitu partisipan akan menuliskan segala bentuk emosi yang mereka alami dalam kesehariannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pre-experiemental design (nondesigns) dengan teknik one group pretest-postest design. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan hasil journaling yang telah didapatkan. Berdasarkan hasil journaling yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan efek positif bagi partisipan dalam meregulasi emosi mereka dan memberikan pengetahuan bagi mereka dalam pengelolaan emosi.
SOSIALISASI PERANCANGAN DAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA PLAKAT PADA MATERI BILANGAN BERPANGKAT DI KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 1 SARMI
Authors: Panjaitan Agnes Teresa , Lumbantobing Happy , Maginta Marchelina , Ismail Mirnawati , Bela Sisilia Lidya
Published: July 2024

Pelaksanaan pengabdian berupa perancangan dan penggunaan alat peraga plakat pada materi bilangan berpangkat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berlokasi di SMP Negeri 1 Sarmi. Terdapat tiga tahapan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan, yaitu: 1) Diskusi, 2) Sosialisasi, 3)Pendampingan. Pemberian materi dalam sosialisasi mencakup cara pembuatan alat peraga PLAKAT, penggunaan alat peraga plakat, evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan sosialisasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah 1) Meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam membuat dan menggunakan alat peraga PLAKAT untuk materi bilangan berpangkat, 2) menjelaskan dasar teori serta prinsip kerja alat peraga PLAKAT pada materi bilangan berpangkat, 3) memberi kesempatan siswa untuk menggunakan alat peraga dalam memahami materi bilangan berpangkat pada proses pembelajaran, 4) memberi sikap positif bagi peserta pelatihan terhadap pembelajaran bilangan berpangkat. Hasil sosialisasi ini menunjukkan keterampilan guru dalam merancang dan menggunakan alat peraga meningkat, antusias dan keaktifan siswa berdampak pada proses pembelajaran yang positif dan menyenangkan
Retorika kā ietvars tulkošanas kompetences attīstības sekmēšanai – specializēto tekstu tulkošanas procesa pētījums
Authors:   , Ivanova Oksana
Published: July 2024

Promocijas darba izstrādes gaitā izpētīts studentu tulkošanas spēju veidošanas process, iegūtos rezultātus izmantojot studiju procesa uzlabošanai attiecībā uz studentu tulkošanas veiktspējas pieaugumu un tulkošanas darbu kvalitātes paaugstināšanu, kā arī izstrādāts specializēto tekstu tulkošanas retorikas modelis, ņemot vērā tulkošanas uzdevumu specifiku un jauno prasmju apguves iespējas. Veikta tulkošanas vēsturisko sakņu izpēte, sniegts pārskats par tulkotāju izglītošanu, kā arī aprakstīti autores realizētā empīriskā pētījuma studējošo tulkošanas procesa izpētes rezultāti.
Dynamic simulations of feeding and respiration of the early Cambrian periderm-bearing cnidarian polyps
Authors: Zhang Yiheng , Wang Xing , Han Jian , Xiao Juyue , Yong Yuanyuan , Yu Chiyang , Yue Ning , Sun Jie , He Kaiyue , Hao Wenjing , Zhang Tao , Wang Bin , Wang Deng , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

Although fossil evidence suggests the existence of an early muscular system in the ancient cnidarian jellyfish from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu biota (
ca.
535 Ma), south China, the mechanisms underlying the feeding and respiration of the early jellyfish are conjectural. Recently, the polyp inside the periderm of olivooids was demonstrated to be a calyx-like structure, most likely bearing short tentacles and bundles of coronal muscles at the edge of the calyx, thus presumably contributing to feeding and respiration. Here, we simulate the contraction and expansion of the microscopic periderm-bearing olivooid
Quadrapyrgites
via the fluid-structure interaction computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to investigate their feeding and respiratory activities. The simulations show that the rate of water inhalation by the polyp subumbrella is positively correlated with the rate of contraction and expansion of the coronal muscles, consistent with the previous feeding and respiration hypothesis. The dynamic simulations also show that the frequent inhalation/exhalation of water through the periderm polyp expansion/contraction conducted by the muscular system of
Quadrapyrgites
most likely represents the ancestral feeding and respiration patterns of Cambrian sedentary medusozoans that predated the rhythmic jet-propelled swimming of the modern jellyfish. Most importantly for these Cambrian microscopic sedentary medusozoans, the increase of body size and stronger capacity of muscle contraction may have been indispensable in the stepwise evolution of active feeding and subsequent swimming in a higher flow (or higher Reynolds number) environment.
Differential regulation by CD47 and thrombospondin-1 of extramedullary erythropoiesis in mouse spleen
Authors: Banerjee Rajdeep , Meyer Thomas J , Cam Margaret C , Kaur Sukhbir , Roberts David D
Published: July 2024

Extramedullary erythropoiesis is not expected in healthy adult mice, but erythropoietic gene expression was elevated in lineage-depleted spleen cells from Cd47−/− mice. Expression of several genes associated with early stages of erythropoiesis was elevated in mice lacking CD47 or its signaling ligand thrombospondin-1, consistent with previous evidence that this signaling pathway inhibits expression of multipotent stem cell transcription factors in spleen. In contrast, cells expressing markers of committed erythroid progenitors were more abundant in Cd47−/− spleens but significantly depleted in Thbs1−/− spleens. Single-cell transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses indicated that loss of CD47 is associated with accumulation and increased proliferation in spleen of Ter119−CD34+ progenitors and Ter119+CD34− committed erythroid progenitors with elevated mRNA expression of Kit, Ermap, and Tfrc. Induction of committed erythroid precursors is consistent with the known function of CD47 to limit the phagocytic removal of aged erythrocytes. Conversely, loss of thrombospondin-1 delays the turnover of aged red blood cells, which may account for the suppression of committed erythroid precursors in Thbs1−/− spleens relative to basal levels in wild-type mice. In addition to defining a role for CD47 to limit extramedullary erythropoiesis, these studies reveal a thrombospondin-1-dependent basal level of extramedullary erythropoiesis in adult mouse spleen.
Cancer histology in metastatic lymph node predicts prognosis in patients with node-positive stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Yokoyama Shozo , Watanabe Takashi , Matsumura Shuichi , Tamiya Masato , Nagano Shotaro , Hori Yuya
Published: July 2024

Background

Appropriate prognostic indicators are required for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). Lymph node metastasis mainly involves four histological types of CRC. Some metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) showing cribriform carcinoma are associated with distant metastasis in patients with node-positive CRC and are correlated with recurrence and survival in stage III disease. However, the significance of mLN histology in the prognosis of patients with node-positive stage IV disease remains unclear.

Methods

We enrolled 449 consecutive patients with CRC who underwent primary tumor resection with lymph node dissection between January 2011 and November 2018. This study included 88 patients with node-positive stage IV CRC and synchronous or metachronous distant metastases. We retrospectively investigated the association between cancer histology in the mLNs based on our classification and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with node-positive stage IV CRC.

Results

Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CSS was better in patients with CRC and all the mLNs showing tubular-type carcinoma. In contrast, patients with at least some mLNs showing poorly differentiated-type carcinoma had poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that “all mLNs showing tubular-type carcinoma” was an independent good prognostic factor for CSS in patients with node-positive stage IV CRC. In addition, “at least some mLNs showing poorly differentiated-type carcinoma” was an independent poor prognostic factor for CSS in patients with node-positive stage IV disease.

Conclusions

The histological type of the mLN may indicate a better or poor prognosis for patients with stage IV CRC.
Qual a sua facção? Usando a série Divergente como base para um novo modelo de personalidade útil para as organizações
Authors: Silva Aparecida Regina Bezerra da , Carrilho Silvania Lúcia da Silva , Silva Edson Soares da , Roazzi Antonio , Souza Bruno Campello de
Published: July 2024

Em 2013 escritora estadosunidense Veronica Roth publicou uma obra literária chamada "Divergente", onde uma sociedade distópica pós-apocalíptica é organizada em cinco "Facções", cada uma representando um conjunto de características pessoais e de papéis sociais. Estudos empíricos usando um questionário incluído na obra destinado a aferir o quanto o leitor se enquadra em cada uma das Facções produziram achados indicativos de que elas podem ser consideradas como correspondendo a dimensões de personalidade que se associam a medidas psicológicas diversas e a vivências ocupacionais de forma consistente com a sua descrição nos livros da série de ficção científica. O presente trabalho faz um desenvolvimento preliminar de uma nova teoria inspirada na série Divergente, incluindo um novo instrumento, o Inventário Campello-Bezerra de Personalidade, aplicando-o, junto com questionários de sociodemografia e vida laboral, a uma amostra de 174 adultos da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o novo instrumento apresenta Validade Estrutural e de Critério, medindo dimensões apresentando associações úteis com variáveis socioeconômicas e laborais. Ao final, são feitas sugestões para estudos futuros.
Avaliação das patologias, origens, mecanismos de envelhecimento e deterioração, durabilidade e vida útil: estudo de caso Hotel Ruínas Santo Hilário – Furnas/Brasil
Authors: Barreto Matheus de Faria e Oliveira , Gontijo Marcelo Robert Fonseca , Teles Carolina Parreiras , Araújo Fabiana Faria de
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as patologias, origens, mecanismos de envelhecimento e deterioração, durabilidade e vida útil da edificação Hotel Ruínas Santo Hilário. Foi elaborado um plano de inspeção e avaliação com inspeção visual e levantamento de danos, realização de medições e ensaios não destrutivos e destrutivos no concreto, armaduras e ambiente, ensaios fisioquímicos e mecânicos nos testemunhos extraídos. Os resultados evidenciam que a edificação teve sua vida útil comprometida em função da perda de durabilidade causada por fatores como: difusão acelerada do CO2 no concreto, concreto com baixo teor de cimento, elevado fator a/c, baixa resistência, camada de cobrimento das armaduras insuficiente, concreto poroso, segregado e superfície exposta porosa, o que causou corrosão generalizada nas armaduras da estrutura.
Caracterização de argamassas de cimento Portlant utilizando difração de raios-x (DRX) e fluorescência de raios-x (FRX): etringita, portlandita e silicato de cálcio hidratado (CSH)
Authors: Barreto Matheus de Faria e Oliveira , Gontijo Marcelo Robert Fonseca , Teles Carolina Parreiras , Araújo Fabiana Faria de
Published: July 2024

A caracterização micro-nanoestrutural de argamassas de cimento Portland é o objetivo deste estudo e para isso foram utilizadas duas técnicas de caracterização por raios-X. O método de difração de raios-X (DRX) é de grande importância na análise mineralógica/microestrutural, por fornecer informações sobre a natureza e os parâmetros do reticulado cristalino. Já a fluorescência de raios-X (FRX) é uma técnica de análise qualitativa e quantitativa da composição química do material em estudo. Os resultados indicam que as análises de difração de raios-X (DRX) e análises químicas quantitativas por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X (FRX) apresentaram calcita em grandes concentrações e hatrurita (C3S), portlandita e etringita em baixa concentração. A partir destes resultados pode-se comprovar a eficácia dos métodos, pois fases antes não detectadas pela grande concentração de quartzo, podem ser detectadas na DRX. A presença dos elementos Ca, Al e S, no FRX, confirma a maior participação dos produtos de hidratação do cimento, principalmente a etringita, nas amostras analisadas.
Development of Blend Beverages from Guava (Psidium guajava L.), Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Kaushal Devesh Pratap , Deen Bhagwan
Published: July 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Post Graduate Laboratory, Department of Post Harvest Management, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224229, U.P. India during 2023. The results show that, palatable RTS blend beverages can be developed from 10% blend comprising 50% guava pulp + 25% strawberry pulp + 25% ginger juice adjusted to 13% Total soluble solids, 0.30% acidity and incorporated with 120 ppm Benzoic Acid. During the storage period TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars increased whereas, ascorbic acid (vitamin-C), non-reducing sugar and organoleptic quality decreased with the advancement of storage period. The developed RTS can be stored for 3 months with acceptable quality at room temperature.
Application of Immersive Virtual Reality in Occupational Therapy-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Mixed-method Study
Authors: Yin Chu Ka , Ling Chan Yin , Shan Tsang Tsz , Cherry Zhong Ka Wai
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The management of chronic respiratory conditions critically relies on Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR). Traditional PR programs often encounter obstacles in patient engagement and adherence. To overcome these issues, immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is being explored. Immersive VR, experienced through a head-mounted display, provides an interactive simulated environment. Its integration into occupational therapy (OT) PR programs holds the potential to boost the effectiveness of rehabilitation and patient experience.
Objective: This study aimed to probe the effects of VR-based training on PR patients' psychological well-being, training engagement, adherence to breathing control exercises and sense of security. The assessment of these outcomes is intended to ascertain the potential benefits of VR in augmenting PR efficacy.
Methods: A mixed-method, single-group design was adopted, involving a one-week trial with daily half-hour VR sessions. Pre-post assessments, incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches, were conducted for data collection and analysis. Quantitative measures assessed functional capacity (Barthel Index-Dyspnea; BI-D), psychological well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and symptom assessment (Shortness of Breath Questionnaire; SOBQ and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; CRQ). Qualitative analysis hinged on semi-structured interviews, with thematic analysis used to discern underlying themes and patterns from participant experiences. The study, conducted from August to November 2023, involved 10 in-patients of the PR program from a rehabilitation hospital, aged 67 to 91, and diagnosed with COPD, COVID-19, and lung cancer.
Results: Quantitative results showed significant improvements across all measures, including BI-D (p<0.001; MD -19.60), HADS-Anxiety (p<0.001; MD -4.60), HADS-Depression (p<0.001; MD-3.90), SOBQ (p=0.002; MD-19.85), CRQ-Dyspnea (p=0.002; MD+1.01), CRQ-Emotion (p=0.004; MD+0.89), CRQ-Management (p=0.010; MD+1.2), and CRQ-Fatigue (p<0.001; MD+1.16). In qualitative analysis, noteworthy enhancements in psychological well-being were reported by all participants. VR resulted in relaxation, stress reduction, and distraction, highlighting a positive mental health impact. The captivating and motivating nature of the simulated environment led to increased engagement and improved breathing exercise compliance. VR also offered a secured platform for practicing breathing control, contributing to an enhanced rehabilitation experience.
Conclusion: Merging VR technology into OT services for PR yields positive results. VR enhances psychological well-being, training engagement, and exercise compliance, while also providing a secure virtual environment. Future research should explore a greater variety of VR training programs to meet a wider range of therapeutic needs.
Isolation of Chlamydomonas Flagella
Authors: Craige Branch , Brown Jason M. , Witman George B.
Published: June 2013

A simple, scalable, and fast procedure for the isolation of Chlamydomonas flagella is described. Chlamydomonas can be synchronously deflagellated by treatment with chemicals, pH shock, or mechanical shear. The Basic Protocol describes the procedure for flagellar isolation using dibucaine to induce flagellar abscission; we also describe the pH shock method as an Alternate Protocol when flagellar regeneration is desirable. Sub‐fractionation of the isolated flagella into axonemes and the membrane + matrix fraction is described in a Support Protocol. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 59:3.41.1‐3.41.9. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Advantages of Predictive Interval Forecasts for Non‐Expert Users and the Impact of Visualizations
Authors: Savelli Sonia , Joslyn Susan
Published: June 2013

Three experiments demonstrated advantages over conventional deterministic forecasts for participants making temperature estimates and precautionary decisions with predictive interval weather forecasts showing the upper and lower boundaries within which the observed value is expected with a specified probability. Participants using predictive intervals were better able to identify unreliable forecasts, expected a narrower range of outcomes, and were more decisive than were participants using deterministic forecasts. Predictive interval format was also manipulated to determine whether adding visualizations enhanced understanding. Some participants using visualizations misinterpreted predictive intervals as expressions of diurnal fluctuations (deterministic forecasts). Almost no misinterpretations occurred when the predictive interval was expressed in text alone. Moreover, no advantages were found for visualizations over text‐only formats, demonstrating that visualizations, especially those investigated in these studies, may not be suitable for expressing this concept. Thus, predictive intervals are both understandable and advantageous to non‐expert decision makers, as long as they are carefully expressed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Critical Revision of the Nano‐Morphology of Proton Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Kreuer Klaus‐Dieter , Portale Giuseppe
Published: June 2013

A few aspects of the nano‐morphology of hydrated Nafion and other ionomers and polyelectrolytes in their acid form are revisited by examining the evolution of small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data which are recorded for a wide range of water volume fractions (Φwater ≈ 7–56 vol%). A consistency check with the recent “parallel cylinder model” discloses that this is most likely biased by a large uncertainty of the experimentally determined water content. We rather find our data to be consistent with locally flat and narrow (around 1 nm) water domains. The formation of relatively thin water “films” is suggested to be a common feature of many ionomers and polyelectrolytes, and the underlying driving force is most likely electrostatics within these highly dissociated systems. The water films may act as a charged (e.g., with positive protonic charge carriers) “glue”, keeping together the oppositely charged polymer structures. While this interaction tends to produce flat morphologies, the formation process is suggested to be constraint by limited conformational degrees of freedom of the corresponding polymer and the interactions between polymer backbones. This may leave severe tortuosities on larger scales which depend on the sample history (including swelling, de‐swelling, aging, stretching, and pressing).
Confinement Leads to Control over Calcium Sulfate Polymorph
Authors: Wang Yun‐Wei , Christenson Hugo K. , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: June 2013

Although many processes of great biological, technological, and environmental importance, such as the formation of biominerals, the templating of nanostructures, and salt weathering, occur in confinement rather than in bulk solution, little is known about the influence of confinement over the precipitation of inorganic crystals. The effects of confinement on the precipitation of calcium sulfate are investigated using a crossed‐cylinder apparatus which offers confinement that varies continuously from zero to tens of micrometers. While the thermodynamically stable form of calcium sulfate (gypsum) is always observed at large surface separations, a remarkable stabilization of the metastable phases amorphous calcium sulfate (ACS) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (bassanite, plaster of Paris) is observed even at micrometer‐scale separations. For the first time, the approach is extended to study the combined effects of soluble additives and confinement, which are often present in natural or synthetic systems, and it is shown that this considerably extends the lifetimes of ACS and hemihydrate. These confinement effects are attributed to hindered aggregation of precursor particles at small surface separations, which limits polymorph conversion. While these results have immediate relevance to salt weathering and biomineralization processes, they are also important to the many crystallization and aggregation‐driven processes occurring in small volumes.
Developing a comprehensive and comparative questionnaire for measuring personality in chimpanzees using a simultaneous top‐down/bottom‐up design
Authors: Freeman Hani D. , Brosnan Sarah F. , Hopper Lydia M. , Lambeth Susan P. , Schapiro Steven J. , Gosling Samuel D.
Published: June 2013

One effective method for measuring personality in primates is to use personality trait ratings to distill the experience of people familiar with the individual animals. Previous rating instruments were created using either top‐down or bottom‐up approaches. Top‐down approaches, which essentially adapt instruments originally designed for use with another species, can unfortunately lead to the inclusion of traits irrelevant to chimpanzees or fail to include all relevant aspects of chimpanzee personality. Conversely, because bottom‐up approaches derive traits specifically for chimpanzees, their unique items may impede comparisons with findings in other studies and other species. To address the limitations of each approach, we developed a new personality rating scale using a combined top‐down/bottom‐up design. Seventeen raters rated 99 chimpanzees on the new 41‐item scale, with all but one item being rated reliably. Principal components analysis, using both varimax and direct oblimin rotations, identified six broad factors. Strong evidence was found for five of the factors (Reactivity/Undependability, Dominance, Openness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness). A sixth factor (Methodical) was offered provisionally until more data are collected. We validated the factors against behavioral data collected independently on the chimpanzees. The five factors demonstrated good evidence for convergent and predictive validity, thereby underscoring the robustness of the factors. Our combined top‐down/bottom‐up approach provides the most extensive data to date to support the universal existence of these five personality factors in chimpanzees. This framework, which facilitates cross‐species comparisons, can also play a vital role in understanding the evolution of personality and can assist with husbandry and welfare efforts. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1042–1053, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ag/polyaniline nanocomposites: Synthesize, characterization, and application to the detection of dopamine and tyrosine
Authors: Massoumi Bakhshali , Fathalipour Soghra , Massoudi Abdolhossein , Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Entezami Ali Akbar
Published: June 2013

In this research, Ag/Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) capped colloidal Ag nanoparticles (NPs). First, Ag colloidal NPs were prepared by borohydride reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of 4‐ATP as a stabilizer. Then, polymerization of aniline in the presence of Ag NPs was carried out by ammonium persulfate as an oxidant at room temperature. TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDX, TGA, and UV–vis studies were done for the morphological, structural, thermal, and optical characterization of the Ag/PANI nanocomposite. Furthermore, Ag/PANI nanocomposites were immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and electroactivity behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The obtained Ag/PANI modified GCE showed high catalytic activity for the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (Tyr). The peak current of differential pulse voltammograms of DA and Tyr increased linearly with their concentration in the ranges of 2.17–5.74 μM Tyr and 18.5–72.2 μM DA. The detection limits for DA and Tyr were 0.002 and 0.009 μM, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2780–2789, 2013
The Effects of co‐solvents on the reaction of amino‐terminated polystyrene with fullerene
Authors: Alexander Amy , Eller Jonathan , Ali Shariq , Berry Brian C.
Published: June 2013

Polymer tethered C60 fullerenes (PTFs) were synthesized by reacting amine terminated polystyrenes with fullerene under ambient conditions. While toluene was employed as the primary solvent in the synthesis, polar co‐solvents were incorporated in various ratios to determine their effect on the reaction yield and nature of the product. The resultant PTFs were analyzed by GPC and UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine the number of adducts. The addition of a polar co‐solvent was found to significantly affect the reaction rate, yield, and total number of substitutions on the fullerene. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2796–2800, 2013