bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the issue of hijri taqwim development from the perspective of fiqh methods and the impact on the unification of the Ummah.
Authors: Wardhani Selmarisa , Ibrahim Ibnor Azli
Published: January 2024

Unifying the concept of hijri taqwim is urgently needed nowadays in order to reunite the ummah. This is due to the fact that the variety of taqwim methods has posed differences in determining the beginning the new moon, as happened in the celebration of Eids Fitri this year in Indonesia. Muslims in one country and internationally are separated because of the unified taqwim system, so they often carry out various dates of prayer at different times’. This study is a qualitative study which will examine how the application of maqasid shar'iyah and selected methods summarized in the Main Fiqh Methods in hilal issues and the unification of hijri taqwim. This study will analyze some of the minor methods of the five major fiqh methods. This study found that Unifying ummah in taqwim is indeed a call written in the Qur’an and Hadith’ and Its compatibility with the fiqh methods means that it strengthens the validity, so its necessity for realization the unification of taqwim. This study also finds the Rukyah Muhaqaqah method suitable to provide a solution of the differences method in determining new moon. The method of Rukyah Muhaqaqah combines maqasid sharia as the first guideline and also technology use to realize a simple and high quality method of taqwim.

Keywords: Concept of Unification of the Ummah, Taqwim System and Fiqh Methods
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP NASABAH LAKU PANDAI ATAS KERUGIAN AKIBAT PERBUATAN AGEN BRILINK
Authors: Cynthia Agnes
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Branchless Banking is a service created by bank to make it easier for people who use the bank to reach the bank for other financial needs. This is based on Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 19/POJK. 03/2014 concerning Officeless Financial Services in the Context of Financial Inclusion. With this regulation, Bank BRI opened a Branchless Banking service under the name BRILink, however, as the implementation of Branchless Banking BRILink progressed, many unscrupulous agents took advantage of opportunities that harmed customers financially. Article explains the legal protection for customer losses and legal responsibility of BRILink agents who commit criminal acts of embezzling BRILink customer money using normative juridical research methods. Article was written with the aim that the organizing banks must provide special protection to customers using Branchless Banking and strive to strictly monitor the activities of Branchless Banking Agents so that criminal acts that are detrimental to customers don't occur.

Keywords: Branchless Banking; Bank; Customers; Agent.

 

Abstrak

Laku Pandai merupakan layanan yang dibuat bank penyelenggara demi mempermudah khalayak yang menggunakan bank dapat menjangkau bank melakukan kepentingan finansial lainnya. Hal ini didasari dengan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) Nomor 19/POJK. 03/2014 mengenai Layanan Keuangan Tanpa Kantor Dalam Rangka Keuangan Inklusif. Dengan adanya regulasi tersebut, Bank BRI membuka layanan Laku Pandai dengan nama BRILink, namun seiring berjalannya pelaksanaan Laku Pandai BRILink, banyak oknum Agen BRILink yang memanfaatkan peluang yang akhirnya merugikan nasabah dalam segi finansial. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang perlindungan hukum atas kerugian nasabah dan tanggung jawab hukum Agen BRILink yang melakukan tindak pidana penggelapan uang nasabah BRILink dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Artikel ini dibuat dengan tujuan agar pihak Bank penyelenggara harus memberikan perlindungan yang khusus terhadap nasabah pengguna Laku Pandai serta berupaya untuk mengawasi jalannya kegiatan Agen Laku Pandai dengan tegas agar tidak terjadinya tindak pidana yang merugikan nasabah.

Kata Kunci: Laku Pandai; Bank; Nasabah; Agen.
Peningkatan sistem dispersi padat dan campuran fisik ramipril dengan kombinasi PEG 6000 dan HPMC menggunakan metode pelarutan
Authors: Rusli Doddy , Amelia Kiki , Duante Linda Juni
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Solid dispersion systems are one or more active substances in an inert carrier in a solid state, with a soluble carrier, research on the study of Ramipril solid dispersion systems with PEG 6000-HPMC using dissolution methods. This study aims to prove whether there is an effect of the addition of PEG 6000 - HPMC in increasing the dissolution rate of Ramipril and to see in what ratio PEG 6000 and HPMC can increase the dissolution rate of ramipril. This study uses a ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, 1:1:1, and 1:1:2. As a comparison, a physical mixture with the same composition and pure ramipril was prepared as a solid dispersion. Characteristics were carried out by dissolution and particle size tests. The dissolution test was carried out using the paddle method in phosphate buffer medium pH 7.4 at 37 ± 0.5°C at 100 rpm for 60 minutes. Statistical tests were carried out using one-way ANOVA tests and Duncan's follow-up tests. The results of dissolution of solid dispersion minutes to 60 at the ratio (1:0.5:0.5) 68.52%, (1:1:1) 85.73%, and (1:1:2) 95.36%. The results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 and HPMC could improve the ramipril dissolution test, with the best ratio being solid dispersion 1:1:2.
Keywords: Solid, dispersion, system, ramipril, dissolution
 
ABSTRAK
Sistem dispersi padat adalah satu atau lebih zat aktif dalam suatu pembawa inert dalam keadaan padat, dengan pembawa yang mudah larut. Ramipril merupan salah satu obat yang termasuk ke dalam BCS tipe II. Kelarutan dan kelembaban yang buruk dari obat ini menyebabkan disolusi yang buruk, serta mempengaruhi variasi dalam ketersediaan hayati. Polimer yang telah dibuktikan dapat meningkatkan laju disolusi diantaranya PEG 6000 dan HPMC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya pengaruh penambahan PEG 6000 - HPMC dalam meningkatkan laju disolusi Ramipril serta melihat pada perbandingan berapa PEG 6000 dan HPMC dapat meningkatkan laju disolusi ramipril. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan 1:0,5:0,5, 1:1:1, dan 1:1:2. Sebagai perbandingan dispersi padat dibuat campuran fisik dengan komposisi yang sama dan ramipril murni. Karakteristik dilakukan dengan uji disolusi  dan ukuran partikel. Uji disolusi yang dilakukan dengan metode dayung dalam medium dapar fosfat pH 7,4 suhu 37±0,5ºC dengan kecepatan 100 rpm selama 60 menit. Uji statistik dilakukan dengan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjutan duncan. Hasil disolusi dispersi padat menit ke 60 pada perbandingan (1:0,5:0,5) 68,52%, (1:1:1) 85,73%, dan (1:1:2) 95,36%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan PEG 6000 dan HPMC dapat meningkatkan uji disolusi ramipril, dengan perbandingan terbaik yaitu dispersi padat 1:1:2.
Kata Kunci: sistem, dispersi, padat, ramipril, pelarutan
Formulasi sediaan deodoran spray ekstrak daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz&Pav) dengan variasi alum (tawas)
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Kusumasary Dhiyah Ayu , Estikomah Solikah Ana , Marfu’ah Nurul
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
One way to overcome body odor is by using deodorant. One of the herbal ingredients that can be used in deodorant formulations is Piper crocatum leaves. Piper crocatum leaves have numerous bioactive compounds as an antibacterial agent. Beside, the deodorants can be added with other ingredients for example, alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) an antiperspirant. This study aims to determine the result of physical stability tests in deodorant spray formulations from Piper crocatum extract with variation of alum. Piper crocatum leaves were extracted using a maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The deodorant spray formulation uses Piper crocatum leaf extract with variation of alum at 0% (control), 10% (F-1), 20% (F-2) and 25% (F-3). The result were then tested for pH, organoleptic, homogeneity, spray power, dry time, and cloth effect. The result were then analyzed by comparing with the standard deodorant spray in the 1995 Pharmacopoeia and the 1998 Indonesian National Standard. The results showed that F-1 has the most standard test results covering organoleptic test results, homogeneity, pH, spray power, dry time and effect on fabrics.
Keywords: alum, extract, deodorant spray, Piper crocatum,
 
ABSTRAK
Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi bau badan adalah dengan cara menggunakan deodoran. Salah satu bahan herbal yang dapat digunakan dalam formulasi deodoran adalah daun sirih merah. Daun sirih merah memiliki senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri. Selain bahan aktif, deodoran dapat ditambahi dengan bahan lain misalnya aluminium kalium sulfat yang berfungsi debagai antiperspiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil uji stabilitas fisik dalam formulasi deodran spray dari ekstrak sirih merah dengan variasi alumunium kalium sulfat. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Formulasi deodorant spray menggunakan ekstrak daun siirh merah dengan variasi aluminium kalium sulfat sebesar 0% (control), 10% (F-1), 20% (F-2) dan 25% (F-3). Hasil sediaan kemudian di uji pH, organoleptik, homogenitas, daya semprot, waktu kering, dan efek kain. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan dengan standar deodoran spray yang ada di Farmakope 1995 dan Standar Nasional Indonesia 1998. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan F-1 adalah sediaan yang memiliki hasil uji paling memenuhi standar meliputi hasil uji organoleptic, homogenitas, pH, daya semprot, waktu kering dan efek terhadap kain.  
 
Kata kunci : alum, deodoran spray, ekstrak, sirih merah
Formulasi salep ekstrak etanol daun cocor bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata Lamk.) dengan basis cera dan vaselin album
Authors: Retnowati Eko , Hasanatin Sitta , Setyaningsih Dewi
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The ethanol extract of the leaves of cocor bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata Lamk.) with a concentration of 20% have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of the ethanol extract of cocor duck leaf ointment based on a combination of Cera alba and Vaseline album. The method used in this research is the maceration method using 70% ethanol and the extract concentration used in each formula is 20%. The ointment was made in 5 formulas with a combination of Cera alba and Vaseline album of Fl (5.95), FII (10 90), FIII (15 85), FIV (20 80), FV (25 75). The ointment was tested for physical characteristics including: organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and pH. The results of the organoleptic and homogeneity tests were analyzed descriptively, while data on dispersion and adhesion were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA parametric with a 95% confidence level followed by the Tuckey test, while the viscosity and pH values ​​were analyzed non-parametric statistics using Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney test. Based on the results showed that the combination of cera alba-vaceline album base produced a homogeneous ointment with different characteristics in viscosity, adhesion, spreadability and pH.
Keywords: Ethanol extract, Kalanchoe pinnata, ointment, cera alba, vaseline album
 
ABSTRAK
Ekstrak etanol daun cocor bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata Lamk.) dengan kadar 20% telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik salep ekstrak etanol daun cocor bebek dengan basis kombinasi cera alba dan vaselin album. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam tiap formula sebesar 20%. Salep dibuat sebanyak 5 formula dengan kombinasi cera alba:vaselin album yaitu Fl (5:95), FII (10:90), FIII (15:85), FIV (20:80), FV (25:75). Salep diuji karakteristik fisiknya meliputi: organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan pH. Hasil uji organoleptis dan homogenitas dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan data pada daya sebar dan daya lekat dianalisis secara statistik parametrik Anova satu jalan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dilanjutkan uji Tuckey, sedangkan viskositas dan nilai pH dianalisis secara statistik non parametrik menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi basis cera alba-vaselin album menghasilkan salep yang homogen dengan karakteristik yang berbeda pada viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar dan pH.
Kata Kunci: Ekstrak etanol, Kalanchoe pinnata, salep, cera alba, vaselin album
Penetapan kadar flavonoid dan uji aktivitas penghambat enzim α-amilase ekstrak etanol dan fraksi kulit pisang emas (Musa acuminate Colla) secara in-vitro
Authors: Dewi Plasmawati Kadek , Artini Kusumaningtyas Siwi , Permatasari Desy Ayu Irma
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the deadliest diseases that many people suffer from. One important strategy for reducing blood sugar levels is to inhibit enzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates, such as -amylase. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of golden banana peel extract on the activity of the -amylase enzyme as an antidiabetic candidate. The results of the fraction from the ethanol extract of the golden banana peel were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against the -amylase enzyme using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method and using starch as a substrate, and the IC50 value was calculated. The results showed that the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-hexane extract, and water tested had the ability to inhibit -amylase enzyme activity. From the tests carried out, the IC50 value was the highest in the ethyl acetate fraction (7.9982 ppm), the ethanol extract of golden banana peel (Musa acuminate Colla.) (10.252 ppm), the water fraction (19.567 ppm), and the n-hexane fraction (70.386 ppm). So that it can be seen that the peel extract of the golden banana (Musa acuminate Colla) is categorized as active as an inhibitor of the -amylase enzyme.
Keywords: enzim, flavonoid, -amylase, fraction, golden banana
 
ABSTRAK
Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit mematikan yang cukup banyak diderita oleh masyarakat. Salah satu strategi penting dalam menurunkan kadar gula dalam darah adalah dengan menghambat enzim yang menghidrolisis karbohidrat seperti α-amilase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efek penghambatan ekstrak kulit pisang emas terhadap aktivitas enzim α-amilase sebagai kandidat antidiabetes. Hasil fraksi dari ekstrak etanol kulit pisang emas tersebut dievaluasi potensi penghambatannya terhadap enzim α-amilase dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis serta menggunakan amilum sebagai substrat dan dihitung nilai IC50 nya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat , ekstrak n-heksan dan air yang diuji memiliki kemampuan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-amilase. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan diperoleh nilai IC50 yaitu yang tertinggi di fraksi etil asetat sebesar 7,9982ppm, ekstrak etanol kulit pisang emas (Musa acuminate Colla.) sebesar 10,252 ppm, fraksi air 19,567ppm, fraksi n-Heksansebesar 70,386 ppm. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak kulit pisang emas (Musa acuminate Colla) dikategorikan aktif sebagai inhibitor enzim α-amilase.
Kata Kunci: enzim, flavonoid, α-amylase, fraksi, kulit pisang emas
New Insights on the Early Proto-Tethys Subduction History: Evidence from Ages and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks in the Bulunkuole Complex, West Kunlun Orogen
Authors: Zhou Zhenju , Chen Yanjing , Tang Haoshu , Wu Yanshuang , Li Qiugen , Chen Zhengle
Published: January 2024

The Proto-Tethys Ocean has played a significant role in the geological history of Earth. However, ongoing debates persist regarding the timing and polarity of its early subduction. Volcanic rocks associated with iron deposits in the Bulunkuole Complex, West Kunlun Orogen, offer insights into both the complex’s formation age and Proto-Tethys evolution. This study presents newly obtained zircon U–Pb age data (~536 Ma) along with comprehensive whole-rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope analyses of these volcanic rocks. Our dataset implies that the Bulunkuole Complex partly formed in the early Paleozoic rather than entirely in the Paleoproterozoic, as previously suggested. Geochemically, the volcanic rocks exhibit enrichments in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, along with depletions in high-field strength elements. They also display elevated initial 87Sr/86Sr values (0.71093, 0.72025) and negative εNd(t) values (−5.13, −6.18), classifying them as continental arc volcanic rocks. These geochemical fingerprints, complemented by zircon εHf(t) values (−12.7 to −1.6), indicate that the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks were produced by partial melting of the lithospheric mantle wedge, which had been metasomatized by subducted sediment-derived melts. The available data, in conjunction with previously published findings, strongly suggest that the Proto-Tethys Ocean subducted southward prior to approximately 536 Ma due to the assembly of Gondwana. Subsequent slab rollback may have resulted in a crustal thinning of 9–25 km during 536–514 Ma. Further shifts in subduction dynamics led to the transition from high-angle subduction to either normal or low-angle subduction, facilitating the formation of a thicker crust ranging from 39 to 70 km between 514 and 448 Ma. This study, therefore, provides valuable insights into the early evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and contributes significantly to our understanding of the tectonic history of the West Kunlun Orogen.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in and Around Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Omer Asma Ibrahim , Mahamed Samatar Abshir , Osman Nesra Yusuf , Ahmed Mustafe Abdi
Published: January 2024

Background: Mastitis is a multi-etiological, complicated disease characterized by an inflamed of the mammary gland parenchyma caused by microbes, most commonly bacterial that infiltrate the udder, proliferate, and create toxins that harm the mammary gland.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study on lactating cattle was undertaken from December 2019 to July 2020 to investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of bovine mastitis in and around Jigjiga.
RESULTS: At the individual level, the total incidence of mastitis was determined to be 27.2%. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were found in 4.8% and 22.4% of individual cows, respectively. It was also demonstrated that there was an association between mastitis and breeds (OR = 0.13, CI = 0.05-0.32), different age groups (OR = 0.27, CI = 09-0.77), lactation stages (OR = 4.40, CI = 1.64-11.8), parities (OR = 0.15, CI = 0.05-0.42), history of previous mastitis (OR = 10.13, CI = 4.11-24.9), and Husbandry (OR = 0.06, CI = 0.02-0.20), which all had statistically significance (P<0.05) impact on the current prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area.
CONCLUSIONS: As the results show a higher prevalence of mastitis and a substantial association between the risk factors and the mastitis in the study area, immediate control measures are required.
Causal Oceanic Feedbacks onto the Winter NAO
Authors: Kolstad Erik W , O'Reilly Christopher H.
Published: January 2024

Of the climate variability patterns that influence the weather in the North Atlantic region in winter, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the most dominant. The effects of the NAO span from cold air outbreaks to unseasonably warm conditions and unusual precipitation, with significant impacts on human activities and ecosystems. While a connection between the NAO and antecedent sea surface temperature (SST) conditions has been recognised for decades, the precise causal interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere remains enigmatic. In this study we uncover a robust statistical relationship between North Atlantic SSTs in November and the NAO throughout the subsequent winter in the extended ERA5 reanalysis back to 1940. We apply a well-established causal inference technique called mediation analysis, commonly used in social science and now adopted in climate research. This analysis highlights the roles of low-level baroclinicity, latent heat fluxes, and latent heat release in mediating the effect of November SSTs on the NAO in January and February. It is important to recognise that these mediators are interrelated. Moreover, our analysis reveals bidirectional relationships, where the NAO reciprocally mediates the effects of the November SSTs on these variables. This is evidence of a complex web of feedback mechanisms which collectively contribute to the response of the winter NAO to late autumn/early winter SSTs.
Generative Self-Supervised Graphs Enhance Integration, Imputation and Domains Identification of Spatial Transcriptomics
Authors: Guan Renchu , Sun Hang , Zhang Tongdong , Wu Zhipeng , Du Meirong , Liang Yanchun , Wang Jianxin , Tang Qi , Zeng An , Feng Xiaoyue , Gao Xin , Xu Dong
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) have opened new avenues for preserving spatial information while measuring gene expression. However, the challenge of seamlessly integrating this data into accurate and transferable representation persists. Here, we introduce a generative self-supervised graph (GSG) learning framework to accomplish an effective joint embedding of spatial locations and gene expressions within ST data. Our approach surpasses existing methods in identifying spatial domains within the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, it offers reliable analyses across various techniques, including Stereo-seq, Slide-seq, and seqFISH, irrespective of spatial resolution. Furthermore, GSG addresses dropout defects, enhancing gene expression by smoothing spatial patterns and extracting critical features, reducing batch effects, and enabling the integration of disparate datasets. Additionally, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis on fetal human hearts, and effectively extracted biological insights using GSG. These experiments highlight GSG's accuracy in identifying spatial domains, uncovering specific APCDD1 expression in fetal endocardium, and implicating its role in congenital heart disease. Our results showcase GSG's superiority and underscore its valuable contributions to advancing spatial-omics analysis.
Ultrasensitive diamond cantilever-based optical microphone
Authors: Li Lei , Tian Shen , Lin Chaonan , Qiao Yingying , Feng Mingyang , Gao Yang , Mu Kaijun , Jiao Mingqi , Shan Chong-Xin
Published: January 2024

Microphones play a pivotal role in extending the capabilities of voice interaction, biomedical testing, and trace gas detection. Acquiring acoustic signals with high sensitivity, low noise, and broad frequency response in a compact form is a well-known challenge. Herein, we report a novel diamond cantilever-based optical microphone (DCOM) using a Fabry-Perot interferometric structure. The DCOM achieves ultrahigh sensitivity (1433.8 mVamp/Pa or 1013.8 mVrms/Pa) and a minimum detectable acoustic pressure (0.24 µPa/Hz^1/2), both of which represent among the best values ever reported for a microphone with identical geometry, alongside a broad frequency response spanning from 500 Hz to 6.5 kHz. The outstanding performance of the DCOM can be attributed to the extraordinary mechanical strength, low energy dissipation, and low thermal noise of the diamond. In addition, the DCOM-based system demonstrates high performance in weak sound detection over a long distance, revealing its promising applications in various challenging industrial fields.
Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances
Authors: Gorkhover Tais , Kuschel Stephan , Ho Phay , Haddad Andre Al , Zimmermann Felix , Flückiger Leonie , Ware Matthew , Duris Joseph , MacArthur James , Lutman Alberto , Lin Ming-Fu , Li Xiang , Nakarara K. , Aldrich Jeff , Walter Peter , Young Linda , Bostedt Christoph , Marinelli Agostino
Published: January 2024

Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualise non-equilibrium processes, such
as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment without the need of crystallization.
Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before the sample disintegrates. The structure of the specimen
is reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). Such state-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial
resolution information due to weak diffraction signal i.e. shot noise. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization
significantly restrain image brightness scaling and thus, further improvement of the spatial resolution. We find that
non-linear transient form factor changes can overcome this barrier if FEL pulses are shorter than those applied
in the majority of previous experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles
as a function of the X-ray pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence in the vicinity of the Xe M-shell resonance.
Surprisingly, images recorded with few to sub-femtosecond pulses are up to 10 times brighter than the semi-
classical model predicts. Our Monte-Carlo simulation suggests that transient ion form factors can increase the
brightness of X-ray images by several orders of magnitude. This provides a novel avenue towards significant
improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-fs temporal precision at the nanoscale.
A procedure to simulate spread of post-earthquake fire in urban area considering seismic damage to buildings
Authors: Wang Qi , Lin Xuchuan , Ni Shuna , Zhong Jiangrong , Yang Ning
Published: January 2024

After a major earthquake, there is often high risk of fires, which can exacerbate the threat to people and property. To investigate the fire spread characteristics in the aftermath of earthquakes, an integrated simulation approach is introduced in this study. A simulation procedure, which combines elastoplastic time history analysis with the cellular automata (CA) model, is designed to sequentially model the earthquake-induced damage to groups of buildings and the ensuing fires. The earthquake damage level of each building is determined through elastoplastic time history analysis using an earthquake disaster simulator (Yousimulator). Following earthquake damage evaluation, an optimized version of the CA model is employed to simulate fire spread. To validate the simulation procedure, the 1995 Kobe earthquake-related fires in Japan were simulated, and the results were compared with the actual fire conditions. The results showed that the overall spread pattern and reach of the simulated fires are similar to those of the actual fires. Moreover, the simulation procedure demonstrated notable efficiency, completing the simulation within only five minutes. This simulation procedure provides a valuable means to assess the post-earthquake fire risk in urban areas. By leveraging this method, decision-makers can effectively evaluate the vulnerability of the urban environment to post-earthquake fires, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted measures to mitigate such risks.
Trend Analysis of Extreme Wind and Wave Height at Key Port Locations along the Indian Coastline
Authors: Prasad Ramakant , Kumar Prashant , Singh Anurag , Kumar Avinash , . Rajni
Published: January 2024

Long-term trends of wind speed (WS) and significant wave height (SWH) in the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of great interest to scientists, engineers, climate modelers, and policymakers. It is associated with global climate change and efficient offshore and near-shore socio-economic activity management. In this study, the climatology and variability of mean and extreme SWH and WS is determined during the monsoon (JJA) and post-monsoon (SON) seasons along the Indian coastline during 1979--2021 using ERA5 reanalysis datasets. The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is utilized to determine the extreme values of SWH and WS. Further, linear trend analysis is also carried out at six key port locations (Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Mumbai, Mangalore, and Kochi) along the Indian coastline. The outcome reveals that mean SWH displays an increasing trend (Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Mumbai, Mangalore, and Kochi) during JJA and SON seasons while mean WS shows a decreasing trend in JJA season and an increasing trend in SON season. The maximum rate of increase in extreme SWH is observed at Kochi (r=0.78 cm yr-1) and Paradip port (1.32 cm yr-1) during JJA and SON seasons, respectively. In SON season, extreme WS exhibits an increasing trend at all six locations, and the rate of increase is maximum at Visakhapatnam (3.46 cm s-1 yr-1), followed by Paradip (3.39 cm s-1 yr-1) and minimum at Mumbai (1.84 cm s-1 yr-1). Kochi and Paradip ports experienced a significant increase in extreme SWH and WS during JJA and SON seasons, respectively.
Multilayer Ferromagnetic Spintronic Devices for
Neuromorphic Computing Applications
Authors: Lone Aijaz H. , Zou Xuecui , Mishra Kishan K. , Singaravelu Venkatesh , Sbiaa Rachid , Fariborzi Hossein , Setti Gianluca
Published: January 2024

Spintronics has made substantial progress due to its applications in energy-efficient
memory, logic, and unconventional computing paradigms. Multilayer ferromagnetic
thin films are extensively studied for understanding the domain wall and skyrmion
dynamics. However, most of these studies are confined to the materials and domain
wall/skyrmion physics. This paper presents the experimental and micromagnetic realization
of a multilayer ferromagnetic spintronic device for neuromorphic computing
applications. The device exhibits multilevel resistance states, and the number of resistance
states increases with a lower temperature. This is supported by the multilevel
magnetization behavior observed in the micromagnetic simulations. Furthermore, we
also do experiments and simulations to realize current-driven multi-step resistance
states. Using the multi-level resistance states of the device, we propose its applications
as a synaptic device in hardware neural networks and study the linearity performance
of the synaptic devices. The neural network based on these devices is trained and
tested on the MNIST dataset using a supervised learning algorithm. When integrated
as a weight into a 3-layer, fully connected neural network, these devices achieve above
90% recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset.
Radiomic model of contrast-enhanced computed tomographyfor predicting liver injury in acute pancreatitis patients
Authors: Liu Lu , Yu Ningjun , Liu Tingting , Chen Shujun , Pu Yu , Tang Wei , Li Yong , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Xinghui
Published: January 2024

Objectives
To predict liver injury in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients by establishing a radiomics model based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).
Methods
A total of 1223 radiomic features were extracted from late arterial-phase pancreatic CECT images of 209 AP patients (146 in the training cohort and 63 in the test cohort), and the optimal radiomic features retained after dimensionality reduction by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to construct a radiomic model through logistic regression analysis. In addition, clinical features were collected to develop a clinical model, and a joint model was established by combining the best radiomic features and clinical features to evaluate the practicality and application value of the radiomic models, clinical model and combined model.
Results
Four potential features were selected from the pancreatic parenchyma to construct the radiomic model, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the radiomic model was significantly greater than that of the clinical model for both the training cohort (0.993 vs. 0.653, p = 0.000) and test cohort (0.910 vs. 0.574, p = 0.000). The joint model had a greater AUC than the radiomics model for both the training cohort (0.997 vs. 0.993, p = 0.357) and test cohort (0.925 vs. 0.910, p = 0.302).
Conclusions
The radiomic model based on CECT has good performance in predicting liver injury in AP patients and can guide clinical decision-making and improve the prognosis of patients with AP.
Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Rivaroxaban in High Ischemic Risk Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Rationale and Design of the Dutch CCS Registry
Authors: Selvarajah A. , Heijden D. J. van der , Remkes W. S. , Berg J. M. ten , Magro M. , von Birgelen C. , Riezebos R. K. , Pisters R. , Hemels M. , Rasoul S. , Hof A. W.J. van 't , Somi S. , Polad J. , Hoogslag P. , Hermanides R. S.
Published: January 2024

Background Despite advancements in secondary cardiovascular prevention, individuals with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) still experience a lingering risk of adverse ischemic events. To minimize this residual risk by stabilizing and regressing the chronic disease process, there is consensus that antithrombotic therapy is crucial role for secondary cardiovascular prevention. The combination of low-dose rivaroxaban (2.5mg BID) with aspirin, known as dual-pathway inhibition, has emerged as a strategy to mitigate this residual risk and lower major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). European guidelines, based on findings of the COMPASS trial, recommend incorporating low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin into standard secondary prevention in CCS patients. However, real-world data on the impact of this approach are still lacking. Aim The primary objective of the DUTCH-CCS registry is to gather real-world data on the efficacy and safety of low-dose rivaroxaban in combination with aspirin among patients with CCS in the Netherlands. By conducting this registry, the aim is to bridge the gap in knowledge and provide insights into the practical outcomes and potential benefits or risks associated with the use of dual-pathway inhibition in a real-world clinical setting, beyond the confines of controlled clinical trials. Methods The DUTCH-CCS registry is a national, multicenter, prospective observational study, and aims to enroll 1000 adult CCS patients who are treated with rivaroxaban 2.5mg BID plus aspirin. The study focuses on high ischemic risk individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or peripheral artery disease, using a single-arm design. The primary effectiveness endpoint includes major adverse cardiac events (MACE), clinically driven coronary-, peripheral- or carotid revascularization, and stent thrombosis at 1-year follow-up, while the primary safety endpoint is major bleeding at 1-year. The study will collect outcome data at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. Conclusion The DUTCH-CCS registry holds the potential to enhance understanding of the real-world impact of low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin as a secondary prevention strategy in CCS patients. The findings may offer valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of dual-pathway inhibition, providing clinicians and researchers with data for informed treatment decisions and may refine guidelines for the management of CCS patients in everyday clinical practice. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04753372
Graphene Quantum Dots interacting with Nipah Virus: a Docking and Dynamic Molecular analysis
Authors: AROUCHE TIAGO , Almeida Aguinaldo Pantoja , Neto Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive examination, encompassing a variation in size among the structures, aimed to elucidate the influence of size on molecular interaction dynamics through rigorous anchoring and molecular dynamics simulations. Our investigation delineated a predominant presence of hydrophobic interactions proximate to the receptor binding sites within the complexes. Notably, the affinity energy values of the ligands exhibited a direct correlation with the overall stability of the formed complexes. Concurrently, the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values of these complexes served as a reliable indicator of their stability dynamics. Consequently, our outcomes propose the potential of protein conjugation with quantum dots in enhancing the adsorption capacity for viral protein components. Moreover, our scrutiny delved deeper into the specific interactions between the Nipah virus macrostructure and quantum dots QD-K, QD-G, and QD-F, revealing robust and enduring bonds. Docking studies unveiled affinity energy scores of -13.658 kcal/mol, -13.6 kcal/mol, and − 13.9 kcal/mol, respectively, for these three ligands. Further corroborating these findings, Gibbs free energy analysis produced consistent outcomes, attributing values of 239.00 kcal/mol, 246.65 kcal/mol, and 259.52 kcal/mol to QD-F, QD-G, and QD-K, respectively. These compelling insights accentuate QD-K, QD-G, and QD-F as promising candidates for potential therapeutic interventions targeting the Nipah virus, indicative of their robust binding affinity and considerable stability within the studied complexes.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into cold tolerance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Xiao , Han Yingying , Huo Guotao , Ge Guojun , He Shuping , Yang Xiao , Zhang Li , Wei Shiwei , Luo Lijun
Published: January 2024

The popular leafy vegetable lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is susceptible to cold stress during the growing season, which slows growth rate, causes yellowing and necrosis of the leaves and lowers yield and quality. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of two cold-resistant lettuce cultivars (GWAS-W42 and F11) and two cold-sensitive lettuce cultivars (S13K079 and S15K058) were performed to identify the mechanisms involved in the cold response of lettuce. Overall, transcriptome analysis identified 605 differentially expressed genes, including significant enrichment of genes involved in the flavonoid and flavonol (CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, CYP75B1, HCT, etc) biosynthetic pathways related to oxidation-reduction and catalytic activity. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified fifteen flavonoid metabolites and 28 other metabolites potentially involved in the response to cold stress; genistein, quercitrin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol derivatives, luteolin derivatives, apigenin and their derivatives accumulate at higher levels in cold-resistant cultivars. Moreover, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs and Dofs were also plays positively role in the low temperature response, which affected the expression of structural genes contributing to the variation of metabolites between the resistant and sensitive. These results provide valuable evidence that the metabolites and genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway play important roles in the response of lettuce to cold stress.
Evaluation of the Kolcaba’s comfort theory combined ERAS care in patients with nasal deformities: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yue , Zeng Qianlin , Zhang Qi , Tian Yu , Fan Yunping , Sun Yueqi , Guan Jiaoqiong , Deng Yunping
Published: January 2024

Background
Patients with nasal deformities (ND) in the perioperative period face a multitude of physical and psychological issues. This study aims to develop and assess the efficacy of specialized nursing interventions based on Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in conjunction with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (KCT-ERAS) tailored for ND patients.
Methods and analysis:
The research team formulated a nursing intervention protocol through a systematic review of literature and expert consultation. This protocol will be evaluated via a randomized controlled trial. ND patients admitted to a single medical facility within a specific timeframe will be randomly allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The KCT-ERAS group will receive comprehensive nursing interventions, including preoperative care (environmental preparation, health education, psychological counseling, shared decision-making, dietary management, and adaptation training), intraoperative temperature and fluid management, and postoperative care (early mobilization and feeding, pain management, and specialized nasal nursing). In contrast, the control group will receive standard nursing care. Primary outcomes include the length of hospitalization (LOH), comfort levels, and nursing satisfaction. Secondary outcomes are complications, anxiety levels, sleep quality, specialty quality of life (SQOF), pain intensity, and dry mouth.
Discussion
This study establishes a scientifically-backed perioperative care protocol for ND patients based on evidence-based medicine. The KCT-ERAS model is expected to enhance recovery outcomes for patients undergoing ND corrective surgery, offering a scientifically-informed, patient-centric nursing approach during the ND perioperative period.
Trial registration:
It has been approved by China Clinical Trial Registry on December 7, 2023 (No. ChiCTR2300078407).
Is child growth monitoring and promotion service utilization is adequate in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammad Esmael Ali , Sisay Mekonnen , Baffa Lemlem Daniel , Gasahw Moges , Mengistu Berhanu , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Abriham Zufan Yiheyis , Angaw Dessie Ababaw , Ahmed Medina Abdela , Belew Aysheshim kassahun
Published: January 2024

Background
Appropriate nutritional intervention in the first two years of life could break the intergenerational linkage of malnutrition that leads to physical and cognitive problems. To break this linkage, the preventive method; Growth monitoring and promotion (GM) is recommended to identify growth problems early and prevent physical and cognitive deficits in young children. However, according to the national report, GMP utilization in Ethiopia is below the UNICEF standard (80%). Therefore, the aim of this review was to systematically and quantitatively summarize the factors affecting the utilization of growth monitoring.
Method
We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Google for studies that had been conducted in Ethiopia. Searches were using the English language. A preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used. Two authors independently reviewed the studies. The effect sizes of the meta-analysis were the utilization of GMP service utilization and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the associated factors We summarized the studies on the use of growth monitoring service utilization quantitatively and qualitatively. A random-effects model was conducted to obtain the pooled estimates.
Result
A total of nine observational studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of GMP service utilization in Ethiopia was 26.0% (95% CI: 19.00–33.00). The pooled odds ratio showed that a significant association was found between utilization of GMP and the age of child (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.95–3.69). Wealth index status (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.67–1.86), counseling about GMP (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.44–2.05) Media accessibility (AOR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10–1.23) and maternal attitude about GMP (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.17–1.28)
Conclusion
Utilization of growth monitoring and promotion service in Ethiopia remains low. The age of the child, media accessibility, wealth index status, and maternal attitude about GMP were significantly associated with service utilization. Primary attention should be given to maternal attitudes towards GMP and counseling about GMP to improve service utilization of GMP in Ethiopia.
Alleviating or institutionalizing greenwashing? – The inclusion of nuclear energy into the EU taxonomy from a narrative discourse perspective
Authors: Elsner Carsten
Published: January 2024

This paper analyses the discourse around the inclusion of nuclear energy into the EU Taxonomy which promises to provide standards for the question if an economic activity is sustainable or not. The idea is to guide financial means into sustainable areas of the economy and accumulate private investments for the transformation of the economy against climate change. In this regard, the question whether nuclear energy is sustainable was heavily debated and fought over. Through the application of a narrative discourse analysis, relying on expert interviews and media articles, this paper finds that the discourse shifted throughout the process. While a general sustainability discussion around the question if the technology nuclear energy is sustainable characterized the early discourse, a shift towards a process related discussion around how nuclear energy found its way into the EU Taxonomy can be observed at a later stage. Furthermore, the discourse was structured by several key events which provided focal points for discussion and influenced the storylines of proponents and opponents of nuclear energy.
RETRACTED: Establishment of Iranian Pediatric Thrombosis Registry (IPTR) by Iranian Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (IRSTH): A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kamfar Sharareh , Alavi Samin , Eshghi Peyman , Tabatabaie Morteza , Taherian Reza
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of a lifestyle programme on objectively measured physical activity level and sedentary time on overweight and obese women of Somali background living in Norway Running
Authors: Andersen Eivind , Bohler Linn , Leirbakk Maria J. , Cabral Danielle , Wedegren Mia C. , Wieland Mark L. , Meyer Haakon E. , Madar Ahmed A.
Published: January 2024

Background
Given the elevated prevalence and impact of overweight and the potential risk of non-communicable diseases among women of Somali background in high-income countries and recognising the potential positive impact of physical activity (PA) on these health conditions, it becomes imperative to focus on understanding the PA behaviour of this specific population. The objectives of this paper were twofold: firstly, to provide a comprehensive description of both objectively and subjectively measured PA level and sedentary time in a group of overweight women of Somali background in Norway, and secondly, to assess the effectiveness of a tailored, culturally sensitive, and community-based intervention in enhancing PA levels and reducing sedentary time.
Methods
169 overweight women of Somali background in Norway were randomised by borough to either a lifestyle programme or a comparison group. The programme consisted of two sessions per week for 12 weeks, combining classroom discussion with graded group-based PA activity led by coaches, followed by monthly sessions over nine months. PA was measured objectively using the ActivPAL monitor and subjectively using the international PA questionnaire short form (IPAQ).
Results
The women took on average 6804 (SD = 3286) steps per day and were sedentary for 9.1 hours (SD = 3) per day at baseline. There were no differences between groups on any objectively measured PA variable at any timepoint. There were significant differences on vigorous intensity PA and total PA at the 12-month measurement session between the two groups using the IPAQ.
Conclusion
Despite observing initially low PA levels and high sedentary time at baseline and thus a considerable potential for intervention, the intervention failed in attaining an increase in objectively measured PA or reduction in sedentary time compared to the control condition. However, self-reported measures indicated success in these aspects. The potential threats to the programme's reliability and validity include contamination, low attendance rates, and high drop-out rates possible due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges underscore the complexity of interventions in this demographic, emphasising the need for further exploration and refinement of study methodologies to effectively enhance PA levels and reduce sedentary time in immigrant women living in high-income countries.
Trial registration
: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04578067. Keywords: Immigrant Somali women, Lifestyle programme, Overweight, Physical activity, Sedentary time, ActivPAL