bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASE Source enabled 2 Tb/s CPRI-Equivalent Rate 1024-QAM DA-RoF Transmission
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Zhu Yixiao , Zhang Chenbo , Liu Xu , Chen Zhangyuan , Hu Weiwei , Xie Xiaopeng
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate unprecedented 2nm broadband ASE source-enabled digital-analog radio-over-fiber mobile fronthaul system with joint force of SOAs for intensity noise suppression and multicore fiber for self-homodyne detection. We achieve 35GHz(=7core×5GHz) aggregated bandwidth with 2Tb/s CPRI-equivalent data rate sup-porting 1024-QAM signal.
Monolithic Silicon Photonic Few-mode Waveguide with Satellite Structures for Athermal Spectral Filtering
Authors: Konoike Ryotaro , Kurosu Takayuki , Cong Guangwei , Suzuki Keijiro , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Namiki Shu
Published: May 2024

We propose a fully CMOS-compatible few-mode waveguide with “satellite” structures that exhibits thermally anomalous modal phase difference, and demonstrate the condition for athermal operation of spectral filtering from 20 to 50 ℃.
Inverse-designed CWDM demultiplexer operated in O-band
Authors: Cheung Alfred K. C. , Gadepalli Krishna , Guan Jian , Hoenselaar Andreas , Meng Yang , Menshov Anton , Petykiewicz Jan , Serey Xavier , Stucki Rhett , Verslegers Lieven , Wang Jiahui , Watson Phil , Williamson Ian A. D. , Wu Yi-Kuei Ryan
Published: May 2024

We introduce an inverse designed silicon 4-channel CWDM demux with mean worst insertion loss of 2-3.3 dB and mean worst crosstalk of 19-26 dB. Variability and predictability are demonstrated using a commercial CMOS process.
Cost-Effective Capacity Enhancement of Survivable Optical Networks by Supplemental Band Expansion and Backup Resource Sharing
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Mori Yojiro , Hosokawa Kohei , Yanagimachi Shigeyuki , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

A novel cost-effective capacity enhancement method for resilient optical networks is proposed that introduces supplemental multi-band transmission and sharing of extended bands by backup paths. Numerical simulations confirm 17.7-35.3% enhancement on three real topologies.
Open Software Development Kit (OpenSDK) for Optical Network Disaggregation
Authors: Cugini Filippo , Scano Davide , Sgambelluri Andrea , Paolucci Francesco , Giorgetti Alessio , Castoldi Piero
Published: May 2024

OpenSDK is proposed to provide vendor-neutral, micro-service-based control of underlying optical hardware. Disaggregation is then achieved without requiring standard Southbound interfaces from the SDN Controller. Validation is performed enforcing smart operations on IPoWDM white box.
Site Dependent Pumping Effect in Super L-band EDFA
Authors: Wang Lixian , Jalilpiran Saber , Lefebvre Jacques , LaRochelle Sophie , Messaddeq Younès , Jiang Zhiping
Published: May 2024

This work shows how pump wavelength would impact the static gain curve distortion of a super L-band EDFA under large input signal power variation. The theoretical model is explored to interpret the experimental observations.
205.8Tb/s Weakly-Coupled 2-Mode 7-Core Transmission Over 1170-km FM-MCF Only Using 2×2 MIMO-DSP
Authors: Qiao Gang , Yang Yu , Ji Honglin , Huang Shuailuo , Long Chengbin , Gao Yuyang , Zuo Mingqing , Zhang Jiarui , Xu Zhaopeng , Wu Qi , Wang Shangcheng , Liu Lulu , Shen Lei , Luo Jie , Liang Junpeng , He Zhixue , He Yongqi , Hu Weisheng , Chen Zhangyuan , Li Juhao
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate the first long-haul weakly-coupled FM-MCF transmission adopting non-degenerate LP01 and LP02 modes in a 6-LP-mode 7-core fiber. 205.8Tb/s throughput over 1170 km transmission with DP-QPSK modulation is achieved only utilizing 2×2 MIMO-DSP.
Demonstration of Point-to-Multipoint Diversity Gain in a 1.6-Tb/s-Class Subcarrier-Multiplexed Coherent System
Authors: Che Di
Published: May 2024

We reveal a diversity gain in point-to-multipoint systems when the end points experience various channel conditions. We demonstrate rate improvement over the conventional time-division multiple access in an 18×10-GBaud subcarrier-multiplexed coherent system.
Hyperspectral In-Memory Computing
Authors: Latifpour Mostafa Honari , Park Byoung Jun , Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Suh Myoung-Gyun
Published: May 2024

We propose and demonstrate hyperspectral in-memory computing systems that harness both frequency and space dimensions, utilizing optical frequency combs and programmable optical memories. This approach offers the potential for energy-efficient optical information processing beyond PetaOPS-level performance.
Integrated Photonic Computing Chip For Unary-Based Option Pricing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ramos-Calderer Sergi , Zhan Yuancheng , Cai Hong , Lo Guo-Qiang , Kwek Leong Chuan , Latorre José Ignacio , Liu Ai Qun
Published: May 2024

A specialized photonic chip is demonstrated for unary European option pricing and quantum amplitude estimation is adopted to overcome classical computing bottlenecks. The chip achieves precise asset distribution modeling and prediction, significantly enhancing financial industry eﬃciency and services.
Verification of the Physical Modelling Approach of Spectral Hole Burning in EDFA Based on Erbium Ion Groups
Authors: Rittner Inga L. , Krummrich Peter M.
Published: May 2024

Our previously presented modelling approach for EDFA spectral hole burning has been extended to be valid at various operating points. It is successfully applied for three different input signals with strong local saturation.
Add-drop Multiplexing for Spectrally Overlapped Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexed Transmission Systems
Authors: Schulz Olaf , Moscoso-Mártir Alvaro , Witzens Jeremy , Pachnicke Stephan
Published: May 2024

We present an add-drop multiplexer for WDM nonlinear frequency division multiplexed transmission systems, capable of replacing channels in a modulated spectrum that uses spectral overlap to stitch the nonlinear spectrum to avoid guard bands.
Optical Single-Sideband (SSB) Conversion Technique Using Phase Modulator for High-Speed Short-Reach IM/DD PAM Signaling
Authors: Kikucih Nobuhiko , Hirai Riu , Tanimura Takahito
Published: May 2024

We propose novel SSBI-free SSB conversion technique of high-speed PAM signals by phase modulation and show improvement of CD tolerance of MZ and EML transmitter by >6 and >7.6 times in 40-GB PAM4 transmission experiments.
100 Gbps PAM4 VCSEL-based Transmission over Meter-scale Flexible Multimode Polymer Waveguides for Board-level Optical Interconnects Application
Authors: Liu Xu , Ma Lin , Shi Ying , Yu Qiancheng , Kaneta Motoya , He Zuyuan
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate 100 Gbps PAM4 VCSEL-based transmission over 12-channel connectorized meter-scale flexible multimode polymer waveguides with a bandwidth-length product greater than 56 GHz·m at a wavelength of 850 nm for board-level optical interconnects application.
Accelerate Distributed Deep Learning with a Fast Reconfigurable Optical Network
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Yuan Guojun , Wang Zhan , Tan Guangming , Zhang Peiheng , Rouskas George N.
Published: May 2024

We propose a fast-reconfigurable and scalable optical network architecture, which employs a flow-based transmit scheduling scheme to accelerate data parallelism in distributed deep learning. Experimental results demonstrate that the 4-node prototype achieves training times comparable to those of ideal electrical switching.
Modeling and Experimental Evaluation of End-to-End Delay Jitter for Cross-domain Interconnection in SD-TSN
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Shou Guochu , Xue Junli
Published: May 2024

We establish a relationship model of end-to-end delay jitter with time synchronization for TSN cross-domain interconnection. Experiments in the testbed demonstrate that the delay jitter of 2000km/25hops with 0.3μs time error is less than 1μs.
Security Enhancement of Quantum Noise Stream Cipher Based on Probabilistic Constellation Shaping
Authors: Liu Sheng , Wei Shuang , Wang Wei , Li Yajie , Wang Dong , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Dechao , Li Han , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2024

We propose a QNSC pre-coding scheme based on probabilistic shaping of the basis, to reduce the probability of ciphertext bits that are easier to be intercepted. Experiment results show this scheme can improve the security performance by 100% in terms of Eve’s cipher text BER.
Pass-Through ELSFP with Optional Integrated Optical Mux and Demux for Colorless CPO Systems
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Su Zhan , Wu Le , Shi Lei , Chi Lihua , Pan Xujun , Huang Sam , Ning Yu , Gong Zhigang
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a novel type of Pass-Through ELSFP module configuration with (or without) integrated optical Mux and Demux, potentially enabling a WDM “colored” (or “colorless”) system through a Colorless DR-type optical engine.
Over 3 THz Real-Time Optical Vector Oscilloscope
Authors: Li Lun , Cai Yuchong , Zhang Chi , Xiao Xi , Zhang Xinliang
Published: May 2024

We propose a real-time optical vector oscilloscope to obtain full-field information with over 3-THz acquisition bandwidth. The experiments demonstrate 80 gigabit/s OOK and BPSK signals, and 2×160 gigabit/s QPSK wavelength-division multiplexed signals are simultaneously observed.
Integrated Non-sliced OAWM Engine Enabling 320 GHz Photonic-Electronic Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Authors: Drayss D. , Fang D. , Quint A. , Valenziano L. , Lauermann M. , Lihachev G. , Chen Y. , Peng H. , Randel S. , Zwick T. , Freude W. , Kippenberg T. J. , Koos C.
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate an optically and electrically packaged silicon photonic receiver system for non-sliced optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM). The OAWM engine is used for high-speed data transmission and for photonic-electronic analog-to-digital conversion at bandwidths of up to 320 GHz.
Heterogeneous integrated fiber-chip system enabling 192-channel and 20-Tbit/s multi-dimensional optical signal transmission and processing
Authors: Li Kang , Yan Guofeng , Wang Kangrui , Cai Chengkun , Yang Min , Wan Yuanjian , Wu Guangze , Zhao Weike , Peng Yingying , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a heterogeneous integrated multi-dimensional fiber-chip system using few-mode fiber and 2D/3D integrated chips. By carrying a 56 Gbaud QPSK signal, the system with 192 mode/polarization/wavelength channels implements 20-Tb/s optical signal transmission and processing.
Demonstration of 400G High Power ZR+ IP over WDM in Key Network Scenarios with End-to-End 400GE Traffic
Authors: Zhou Yu Rong , Keens John , Allen Martyn
Published: May 2024

We show successful demonstration of emerging 400G high power ZR+ optics in IP over WDM applications investigating its performance in key network scenarios with end-to-end 400GE traffic and streaming telemetry for performance monitoring.
8λ×462Gb/s Transmission with Symmetric Carrier-Assisted Differential Detection Using Delay-Unknown Field Recovery
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Fang Xiansong , Yang Guangying , Zhuge Qunbi , Hu Weisheng , Zhang Fan
Published: May 2024

We implement symmetric carrier-assisted differential detection receiver as an LO-free alternative to single-polarization coherent receiver. Using 2×1 MIMO equalizer-based optical field recovery and SSBI cancellation, 3.7Tb/s(=8λ×462Gb/s) PS-64-QAM signals are transmitted over 25-km SSMF for data-center-interconnects.
616-Gbit/s Single Line Rate Fiber-THz-Fiber Seamless Transmission Utilizing Cascaded MIMO Equalization
Authors: Ding Junjie , Xin Zhigang , Tong Weidong , Zhang Jiao , Cai Yuancheng , Lei Mingzheng , Hua Bingchang , Zou Yucong , Chen Xingyu , Yu Jianjun , Zhu Min
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate 56-GBaud PS-64QAM signal fiber-THz-fiber seamless communication by employing photonic up-/down-conversion technique and cascaded MIMO equalization algorithms, achieving a record-breaking single-carrier line rate of 616 Gbit/s.
Flexible capacity wireless communication in THz-band with Michelson interferometer-based THz-wave filter
Authors: Takiguchi Koichi
Published: May 2024

We report wireless communication in the 300 GHz-band, which uses variable channel number and symbol rate signals. We demultiplexed densely allocated 8 to 32 Gbit/s signals directly in the THz-domain using a Michelson interferometer-based filter.
High-Speed Multilevel Coded Modulation and Soft Performance Monitoring in Optical Communications
Authors: Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Kudo Isamu , Ishii Kenji , Yoshida Hideo , Shimizu Hidenori , Hirano Susumu , Konishi Yoshiaki , Karlsson Magnus , Agrell Erik
Published: May 2024

We implemented and evaluated probabilistically-shaped multilevel coded modulation and soft-information based performance monitoring at throughputs from 200 Gb/s to 1.2 Tb/s for multi-haul fiber-optic communications. Error-free operations were observed in 5- to 128-ary modulation formats.
1200km Coherent O-band Transmission using In-line BDFAs and Standard Single-mode Fibre
Authors: Bottrill K. R. H. , Taengnoi N. , Wang Y. , Sahu J. K. , Petropoulos P.
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a record 1200km reach O-band transmission of a 22.5GBd dual-pol QPSK signal using a recirculating loop with in-line BDFA amplification and 50km spans of standard single-mode fibre.
Transmission capacity expansion using bidirectional multicore EDFA under bidirectional signal assignment
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Shimomura Yusuke , Hosokawa Kohei
Published: May 2024

Bidirectionally cladding pumped multicore EDFA was found to have 13 and 7 points advantages in optical reachability and transmission capacity expansion, respectively, compared with unidirectional one under bidirectional signal assignment condition.
Photonic Integrated Circuits for Space Communications
Authors: Roeloffzen Chris , Maat Peter , Visscher Ilka , Hoekman Marcel , Wevers Lennart , Klein Edwin , van Dijk Paul , Timens Roelof Bernardus , Grootjans Robert , Şahin Furkan , Heuvink Rick , Dekker Ronald
Published: May 2024

We present a hybrid integrated microwave photonic (iMWP) chip platform where Si3N4-based-TriPleX and InP optical waveguides are combined to enable broadband and high frequency radio signal processing. An iMWP beamformer for phased array antenna systems will be presented.
Single Carrier net 400 Gbit/s IM/DD over 400 m Fiber enabled by Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator
Authors: Kulmer Laurenz , Blatter Tobias , Kohli Manuel , Horst Yannik , Koepfli Stefan M. , Leuthold Juerg
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a 437.1Gbit/s IM/DD link by employing a 178GBd PAM8 signal encoded by a plasmonic MZM. Symbol rates of up to 256GBd and transmission over 400m while maintaining net-rates of >400Gbit/s are successfully demonstrated.
Resource Re-Allocation for Pre-Planned Power Outages in Optical Networks
Authors: Zhang Qiaolun , Layec Patricia , Pattavina Achille , Tornatore Massimo
Published: May 2024

We quantitatively evaluate disruption of services under pre-planned power outages in optical networks. Considering batteries for bypassing and re-routing, the rejection rate is reduced by 33% with less than 1% service degradation.
Measurement-End Dependence of Counter-Propagating Crosstalk in Spooled Multi-Core Fiber
Authors: Kobayashi Yuto , Sato Shin , Kawaguchi Yuki , Hasegawa Takemi
Published: May 2024

We clarified theoretically and experimentally that the counter-propagating crosstalk in spooled multi-core fiber changes depending on the end for measurement, which indicates the need for management of conditions in measuring the counter-propagating crosstalk.
Self-Written Waveguide Approach for Optical Interconnects in Multi-Core Fiber Systems
Authors: He Liangjun , Chan Hau Ping
Published: May 2024

We present a self-written waveguide approach for efficient optical interconnects in multi-core fiber systems. This cost-effective and flexible method enables enhanced coupling between two four-core fibers, achieving 0.47 dB coupling loss and -29.61dB crosstalk.
Graph topological transformations in space-filling cell aggregates
Authors: Sarkar Tanmoy , Krajnc Matej
Published: May 2024

Cell rearrangements are fundamental mechanisms driving large-scale deformations of living tissues. In three-dimensional (3D) space-filling cell aggregates, cells rearrange through local topological transitions of the network of cell-cell interfaces, which is most conveniently described by the vertex model. Since these transitions are not yet mathematically properly formulated, the 3D vertex model is generally difficult to implement. The few existing implementations rely on highly customized and complex software-engineering solutions, which cannot be transparently delineated and are thus mostly non-reproducible. To solve this outstanding problem, we propose a reformulation of the vertex model. Our approach, called Graph Vertex Model (GVM), is based on storing the topology of the cell network into a knowledge graph with a particular data structure that allows performing cell-rearrangement events by simple graph transformations. Importantly, when these same transformations are applied to a two-dimensional (2D) polygonal cell aggregate, they reduce to a well-known T1 transition, thereby generalizing cell-rearrangements in 2D and 3D space-filling packings. This result suggests that the GVM’s graph data structure may be the most natural representation of cell aggregates and tissues. We also develop a Python package that implements GVM, relying on a graph-database-management framework Neo4j. We use this package to characterize an order-disorder transition in 3D cell aggregates, driven by active noise and we find aggregates undergoing efficient ordering close to the transition point. In all, our work showcases knowledge graphs as particularly suitable data models for structured storage, analysis, and manipulation of tissue data.
Acceptance of voice assistant technology in dental practice: A cross sectional study with dentists and validation using structural equation modeling
Authors: Warren Spencer , Claman Daniel , Meyer Beau , Peng Jin , Sezgin Emre
Published: May 2024

Voice assistant technologies (VAT) has been part of our daily lives, as a virtual assistant to complete requested tasks. The integration of VAT in dental offices has the potential to augment productivity and hygiene practices. Prior to the adoption of such innovations in dental settings, it is crucial to evaluate their applicability. This study aims to assess dentists’ perceptions and the factors influencing their intention to use VAT in a clinical setting. A survey and research model were designed based on an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The survey was sent to 7,544 Ohio-licensed dentists through email. The data was analyzed and reported using descriptive statistics, model reliability testing, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) to explain dentists’ behavioral intention (BI) to use VAT. In total, 257 participants completed the survey. The model accounted for 74.2% of the variance in BI to use VAT. Performance expectancy and perceived enjoyment had significant positive influence on BI to use VAT. Perceived risk had significant negative influence on BI to use VAT. Self-efficacy had significantly influenced perceived enjoyment, accounting for 35.5% of the variance of perceived enjoyment. This investigation reveals that performance efficiency and user enjoyment are key determinants in dentists’ decision to adopt VAT. Concerns regarding the privacy of VAT also play a crucial role in its acceptance. This study represents the first documented inquiry into dentists’ reception of VAT, laying groundwork for future research and implementation strategies.
Feasibility, acceptability and equity of a mobile intervention for Upscaling Participatory Action and Videos for Agriculture and Nutrition (m-UPAVAN) in rural Odisha, India
Authors: Fivian Emily , Parida Manoj , Harris-Fry Helen , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Padhan Shibanath , Pradhan Ronali , Das Pranay , Odhiambo Gladys , Prost Audrey , Roopnaraine Terry , Behera Satyaranjan , James Philip , Mishra Naba Kishor , Rath Suchitra , Nair Nirmala , Rath Shibanand , Koniz-Booher Peggy , Danton Heather , Allen Elizabeth , Kadiyala Suneetha
Published: May 2024

Addressing undernutrition requires strategies that remove barriers to health for all. We adapted an intervention from the ‘UPAVAN’ trial to a mobile intervention (m-UPAVAN) during the COVID-19 pandemic in rural Odisha, India. In UPAVAN, women’s groups viewed and discussed participatory videos on nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive agricultural (NSA) topics. In m-UPAVAN, weekly videos and audios on the same topics were disseminated via WhatsApp and an interactive voice response system. We assessed feasibility, acceptability, and equity of m-UPAVAN using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. m-UPAVAN ran from Mar-Sept 2021 in 133 UPAVAN villages. In Feb-Mar 2021, we invited 1000 mothers of children aged 0–23 months to participate in a sociodemographic phone survey. Of those, we randomly sampled 200 mothers each month for five months for phone surveys to monitor progress against targets. Feasibility targets were met if >70% received videos/audios and >50% watched/listened at least once. Acceptability targets were met if >75% of those watching/listening liked the videos/audios and <20% opted out of the intervention. We investigated mothers’ experiences of the intervention, including preferences for m-UPAVAN versus UPAVAN, using in-person, semi-structured interviews (n = 38). Of the 810 mothers we reached, 666 provided monitoring data at least once. Among these mothers, feasibility and acceptability targets were achieved. m-UPAVAN engaged whole families, which facilitated family-level discussions around promoted practices. Women valued the ability to access m-UPAVAN content on demand. This advantage did not apply to many mothers with limited phone access. Mothers highlighted that the UPAVAN interventions’ in-person participatory approaches and longer videos were more conducive to learning and inclusive, and that mobile approaches provide important complementarity. We conclude that mobile NSA interventions are feasible and acceptable, can engage families, and reinforce learning. However, in-person participatory approaches remain essential for improving equity of NSA interventions. Investments are needed in developing and testing hybrid NSA interventions.
Population dynamics and spatial structure of the grey rockcod (Lepidonotothen squamifrons) in the vicinity of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands
Authors: Maschette Dale , Burch Paul , Farmer Bryn , Woodcock Emma , Péron Clara , Cramer Breanna , Gardner Caleb , Welsford Dirk C.
Published: May 2024

The grey rockcod, Lepidonotothen squamifrons is an important prey species for seals, penguins and Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southern Ocean. Across the Kerguelen Plateau, the species was fished to commercial extinction (ca. 152 000 tonnes between 1971 and 1978) prior to the declaration of the French Exclusive Economic Zone in 1979 and the Australian Fishing Zone in 1981. In this study we estimate; age, growth, maturity, sex ratio, body condition (weight-at-length), and population density of grey rockcod using data from 19 trawl surveys from 1990 to 2014. There appeared to be three distinct geographical populations, with differences in biological parameters within each population. This study has identified separate metapopulations within the southern region of the Kerguelen Plateau and we recommend that management should take into account the different characteristics of these populations, and that this meta-population structure may be a factor in why this species required several decades to show signs of recovery.
Development of working memory and inhibitory control in early childhood: Cross-sectional analysis by age intervals and gender in Ecuadorian preschoolers
Authors: López-Vallejo Sofía , Burneo-Garcés Carlos , Pérez-García Miguel
Published: May 2024

Working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) play a crucial role in learning during early childhood. The literature suggests a non-linear developmental trajectory of executive functions (EFs) with varied results according to gender, usually attributed to environmental factors. However, there is insufficient and inconclusive data on whether this pattern is reproduced in the Latin American preschool population since most studies have been conducted in English-speaking, European, and Asian environments. Thus, objectively comparing children’s executive performance across diverse international geographical contexts becomes challenging. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the performance in WM and IC of 982 Ecuadorian preschoolers aged between 42 and 65 months (M = 53.71; SD = 5.714) and belonging to medium-high, medium, and low-medium socioeconomic strata. The participants consisted of 496 boys (M = 53.77; SD = 5.598) and 486 girls (M = 53.65; SD = 5.834), representing nine cities in Ecuador. To assess the effect of age and gender on performance in these two domains, the sample was divided into four 6-month age intervals. Two tests were administered to the participants, and a survey was conducted with 799 of their usual caregivers. Viewing the cross-sectional mean scores of the WM and IC tests as a temporal continuum reveals an upward trend in each age interval studied. Girls outperformed boys on the IC test, showing statistically significant differences in the earliest age interval. The gender differences in executive performance reported in the literature emphasize the need to explore the modulating effect of environmental variables on early childhood development. This information could offer valuable insights for adapting and optimizing cognitive and didactic strategies in early childhood tailored to the characteristics and needs of the preschool population.
Hybrid optimal-FOPID based UPQC for reducing harmonics and compensate load power in renewable energy sources grid connected system
Authors: Devi T. Anuradha , Rao G. Srinivasa , Kumar T. Anil , Goud B. Srikanth , Rami Reddy Ch. , Eutyche Mbadjoun Wapet Daniel , Aymen Flah , El-Bayedh Claude Ziad , Kraiem Habib , Blazek Vojtech
Published: May 2024

Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) to the grid in today’s electrical system is being encouraged to meet the increase in demand of electrical power and also overcome the environmental related problems by reducing the usage of fossil fuels. Power Quality (PQ) is a critical problem that could have an effect on utilities and consumers. PQ issues in the modern electric power system were turned on by a linkage of RES, smart grid technologies and widespread usage of power electronics equipment. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is widely employed for solving issues with the distribution grid caused by anomalous voltage, current, or frequency. To enhance UPQC performance, Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) is developed; nevertheless, a number of tuning parameters restricts its performance. The best solution for the FOPID controller problem is found by using a Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA) are combined to make a hybrid optimization CO-OA algorithm approach to mitigate these problems. This paper proposes an improved FOPID controller to reduce PQ problems while taking load power into account. In the suggested model, a RES is connected to the grid system to supply the necessary load demand during the PQ problems period. Through the use of an enhanced FOPID controller, both current and voltage PQ concerns are separately modified. The pulse signal of UPQC was done using the optimal controller, which analyzes the error value of reference value and actual value to generate pulses. The integrated design mitigates PQ issues in a system at non-linear load and linear load conditions. The proposed model provides THD of 12.15% and 0.82% at the sag period, 10.18% and 0.48% at the swell period, and 10.07% and 1.01% at the interruption period of non-linear load condition. A comparison between the FOPID controller and the traditional PI controller was additionally taken. The results showed that the recommended improved FOPID controller for UPQC has been successful in reducing the PQ challenges in the grid-connected RESs system.
Policy action points and approaches to promote fertility care in The Gambia: Findings from a mixed-methods study
Authors: Afferri Anna , Dierickx Susan , Bittaye Mustapha , Marena Musa , Pacey Allan Antony , Balen Julie
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In the Global South, (in)fertility care is scarcely recognized as a priority, yet the government of The Gambia has recently included it as one of the key priorities in its reproductive health strategic plan. This inclusion appears to be the result of years of engagement between policy actors, academic researchers, and activists in the field of reproductive health and specifically of infertility. However, the operationalization of the strategic plan may be hampered by multiple factors. The research aims to identify and analyze challenges that may impede the effective implementation of the strategic plan, thereby providing policy action points and practical guidance into the operationalization of (in)fertility care in the context of The Gambia’s health system.

Methods

This is a mixed-methods study with data from a survey and semi-structured interviews collected between 2020 and 2021 in The Gambia that were separately published. In this paper, we present the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data using a convergence coding matrix to identify relevant policy action points.

Results

Six fertility care policy action points, driven by data, arose from the triangulation and interpretation process, specifically: (i) establishing and maintaining political commitment and national priority for fertility care; (ii) creating awareness and increasing the involvement of men in SRH and fertility; (iii) ensuring data-driven health policymaking; (iv) offering and regulating affordable IVF alternatives; (v) improving knowledge of and means for fertility care provision; and (vi) enhancing the collaboration among stakeholders and building links with the private healthcare sector.

Conclusion

This study found the implementation of the fertility care-related activities in the reproductive health strategic plan may face challenges that require careful mitigation through a holistic approach. Such an approach conceptualizes infertility not just as a biomedical issue but as a broader one that incorporates educational and socio-emotional aspects, including male and (not only) female involvement in sexual and reproductive health. Moreover, it is supported by a comprehensive health management information system that includes capturing data on the demand for, and access to, infertility services in The Gambia health system.
Spatio-temporal electroencephalographic power distribution in experimental pigs receiving propofol
Authors: Mirra Alessandro , Hight Darren , Spadavecchia Claudia , Levionnois Olivier Louis
Published: May 2024

Introduction

When assessing the spatio-temporal distribution of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, characteristic patterns have been identified for several anesthetic drugs in humans. A shift in EEG power from the occipital to the prefrontal regions has been widely observed during anesthesia induction. This has been called “anteriorization” and has been correlated with loss of consciousness in humans. The spatio-temporal distribution of EEG spectral power in pigs and its modulation by anesthetics have not been described previously. The aim of the present study was to analyze EEG power across an anterior-posterior axis in pigs receiving increasing doses of propofol to 1) characterize the region of highest EEG power during wakefulness, 2) depict its spatio-temporal modification during propofol infusion, and 3) determine the region demonstrating the most significant modulations across different doses administered.

Materials and methods

Six pigs with a body weight of 33.3 ± 3.6 kg and aged 11.3 ± 0.5 weeks were included in a prospective experimental study. Electroencephalographic activity was collected at the occipital, parietal and prefrontal regions at increasing doses of propofol (starting at 10 mg kg-1 h-1 and increasing it by 10 mg kg-1 h-1 every 15 minutes). The EEG power was assessed using a generalized linear mixed model in which propofol doses and regions were treated as fixed effects, whereas pig was used as a random effect. Pairwise comparisons of marginal linear predictions were used to assess the change in power when the specific propofol dose (or region) was considered.

Results

During both wakefulness and propofol infusion, the highest EEG power was located in the prefrontal region (p<0.001). The EEG power, both total and for each frequency band, mostly followed the same pattern, increasing from awake until propofol 20 mg kg-1 h-1 and then decreasing at propofol 30 mg kg-1 h-1. The region showing the strongest differences in EEG power across propofol doses was the prefrontal.

Conclusion

In juvenile pigs receiving increasing doses of propofol, the prefrontal region showed the highest EEG power both during wakefulness and propofol administration and was the area in which the largest frequency-band specific variations were observed across different anesthetic doses. The assessment of the spectral EEG activity at this region could be favorable to distinguish DoA levels in pigs.
Access to healthcare among transgender and non-binary youth in Sweden and Spain: A qualitative analysis and comparison
Authors: Pastor Bravo María del Mar , Linander Ida
Published: May 2024

Background

Transgender and non-binary (TGNB) people tend to report worse health than cis people, however, despite an increased need for care, they face several barriers when trying to access healthcare. These barriers might be exacerbated when young age intersects with a trans identity, and so there is a need for studies highlighting the experiences of TGNB youth.

Aims

To explore and compare how TGNB youth (15–26 years old) in Sweden and Spain experienced their access to healthcare, in order to shed light on the strengths and limitations of different kinds of healthcare systems and improve healthcare provision and policy development.

Methods

This study was based on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with TGNB youth living in Sweden (n = 16) and Spain (n = 18). Of these, 22 identified as male or transmasculine, six as non-binary, and six as women or transfeminine; 25 had undergone some type of gender-affirming care, and the rest were on the waiting list or undergoing preparatory visits and had not started hormonal treatment. The interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. An abductive approach was applied, and the Levesque conceptual framework was used to compare the analyses of each set of materials.

Results

We present our findings using the structure of the accessibility framework, focusing on approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability, and appropriateness. The conceptualization of accessibility in combination with the concept of cisnormativity illustrates how specific ideals and normative expectations affect access to healthcare for TGNB people across contexts, with most barriers arising from the appropriateness of the services.

Discussion

Young TGNB people experience barriers to accessing healthcare both in the Spanish and the Swedish contexts. Strategies to reduce these barriers should be framed within the critique of and resistance to cisnormativity and should focus on users with intersecting marginalized identities to promote health equity.
Relationship between personality traits and postpartum depression in Pakistani fathers
Authors: Abbasi Najam ul Hasan , Bilal Ahmad , Muhammad Khair , Riaz Saba , Altaf Shakeela
Published: May 2024

The previous studies have found an association between Big Five personality traits and postpartum depression in women. The present study aimed to find out an association between Big Five personality traits and postpartum depression in a sample of Pakistani fathers. A total of 400 Pakistani fathers who had birth of a child in the past 1 month to 1 year period and had been living with their married partners were recruited purposively by using Google Form based survey from the major cities of Pakistan. The Urdu translated versions of Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used as the main outcome measures to assess the relationship between personality traits and postpartum depression. The results found a significant negative and moderate association between Big Five personality traits and paternal postpartum depression except openness which had a weak association and neuroticism which had a positive and moderate association with PPPD (r(398) = .45). The multiple linear regression analysis found that Big Five personality traits significantly predicted paternal postpartum depression (F(5, 394) = 53.33,p= .001) except openness (B = .007,p= .98). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) found significant differences in paternal postpartum depression for age of father (F(2, 397) = 6.65,p= .001, ηp2= .03), spouse age (F(2, 393) = 5.97,p= .003, ηp2= .02), employment type (F(2, 395) = 9.69,p= .001, ηp2= .04) and time spent at home (F(2, 397) = 6.23,p= .002, ηp2= .03) while there were found no significant differences for education (F(2, 397) = 1.29,p= .27, ηp2= .006), marital duration (F(2, 397) = 2.17,p= .11, ηp2= .01), and birth number of recent child (F(2, 397) = 1.48,p= .22, ηp2= .007). The study concluded that Big Five personality traits are significantly correlated with and predict paternal postpartum depression except openness which did not predict paternal postpartum depression. The occurrence of paternal postpartum depression varied significantly for age of father, age of spouse, type of employment and time spent at home.
Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of mollusk death assemblages in coral reef and seagrass sediments from two shallow gulfs in Western Cuban Archipelago
Authors: Peraza-Escarrá Rosely , Armenteros Maickel , Fernández-Garcés Raúl , Gracia Adolfo
Published: May 2024

Mollusk death assemblages are formed by shell remnants deposited in the surficial mixed layer of the seabed. Diversity patterns in tropical marine habitats still are understudied; therefore, we aimed to investigate the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of mollusk death assemblages at regional and local scales in coral reef sands and seagrass meadows. We collected sediment samples at 11 sites within two shallow gulfs in the Northwestern Caribbean Sea and Southeastern Gulf of Mexico. All the shells were counted and identified to species level and classified into biological traits. We identified 7113 individuals belonging to 393 species (290 gastropods, 94 bivalves, and nine scaphopods). Diversity and assemblage structure showed many similarities between gulfs given their geological and biogeographical commonalities. Reef sands had higher richness than seagrasses likely because of a more favorable balance productivity-disturbance. Reef sands were dominated by epifaunal herbivores likely feeding on microphytobenthos and bysally attached bivalves adapted to intense hydrodynamic regime. In seagrass meadows, suspension feeders dominated in exposed sites and chemosynthetic infaunal bivalves dominated where oxygen replenishment was limited. Time averaging of death assemblages was likely in the order of 100 years, with stronger effects in reef sands compared to seagrass meadows. Our research provides evidence of the high taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of mollusk death assemblages in tropical coastal sediments as result of the influence of scale-related processes and habitat type. Our study highlights the convenience of including phylogenetic and functional traits, as well as dead shells, for a more complete assessment of mollusk biodiversity.
Lack of the IFN-γ signal leads to lethal Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in mice with skin eschar lesions
Authors: Liang Yuejin , Wang Hui , Sun Keer , Sun Jiaren , Soong Lynn
Published: May 2024

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease due toOrientia tsutsugamushi(Ot) infection and can be life-threatening with organ failure, hemorrhage, and fatality. Yet, little is known as to how the host reacts toOtbacteria at early stages of infection; no reports have addressed the functional roles of type I versus type II interferon (IFN) responses in scrub typhus. In this study, we used comprehensive intradermal (i.d.) inoculation models and two clinically predominantOtstrains (Karp and Gilliam) to uncover early immune events. Karp infection induced sequential expression ofIfnbandIfngin inflamed skin and draining lymph nodes at days 1 and 3 post-infection. Using doubleIfnar1-/-Ifngr1-/-andStat1-/-mice, we found that deficiency in IFN/STAT1 signaling resulted in lethal infection with profound pathology and skin eschar lesions, which resembled to human scrub typhus. Further analyses demonstrated that deficiency in IFN-γ, but not IFN-I, resulted in impaired NK cell and macrophage activation and uncontrolled bacterial growth and dissemination, leading to metabolic dysregulation, excessive inflammatory cell infiltration, and exacerbated tissue damage. NK cells were found to be the major cellular source of innate IFN-γ, contributing to the initialOtcontrol in the draining lymph nodes. In vitro studies with dendritic cell cultures revealed a superior antibacterial effect offered by IFN-γ than IFN-β. Comparative in vivo studies with Karp- and Gilliam-infection revealed a crucial role of IFN-γ signaling in protection against progression of eschar lesions andOtinfection lethality. Additionally, our i.d. mouse models of lethal infection with eschar lesions are promising tools for immunological study and vaccine development for scrub typhus.
Deciphering infected cell types, hub gene networks and cell-cell communication in infectious bronchitis virus via single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Liukang Chengyin , Zhao Jing , Tian Jiaxin , Huang Min , Liang Rong , Zhao Ye , Zhang Guozhong
Published: May 2024

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus that infects chickens, which exhibits a broad tropism for epithelial cells, infecting the tracheal mucosal epithelium, intestinal mucosal epithelium, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we systematically examined cells in renal, bursal, and tracheal tissues following IBV infection and identified tissue-specific molecular markers expressed in distinct cell types. We evaluated the expression of viral RNA in diverse cellular populations and subsequently ascertained that distal tubules and collecting ducts within the kidney, bursal mucosal epithelial cells, and follicle-associated epithelial cells exhibit susceptibility to IBV infection through immunofluorescence. Furthermore, our findings revealed an upregulation in the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines IL18 and IL1B in renal macrophages as well as increased expression of apoptosis-related gene STAT in distal tubules and collecting duct cells upon IBV infection leading to renal damage. Cell-to-cell communication unveiled potential interactions between diverse cell types, as well as upregulated signaling pathways and key sender-receiver cell populations after IBV infection. Integrating single-cell data from all tissues, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules that are specifically expressed in different cell populations. Based on the WGCNA results, we identified seven immune-related gene modules and determined the differential expression pattern of module genes, as well as the hub genes within these modules. Our comprehensive data provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of IBV as well as avian antiviral immunology.
Deep conflicts and deep disagreements
Authors: Almagro Manuel
Published: May 2024

This paper tackles the following puzzle. On the one hand, a growing body of literature suggests that most of our current political disagreements are pernicious and difficult to resolve because they are instances of deep disagreement. On the other hand, there does not seem to be anything inherent to a deep disagreement that necessarily makes it pernicious nor irresolvable. To address this issue, I distinguish two senses in which a disagreement can be deemed “deep”, and show that they are conflated in the literature. In order to separate them, I refer to these two senses as deep disagreement and deep conflict. Contrary to recent literature, I argue that most of our current pernicious political disagreements are so not because they are instances of deep disagreement, but of deep conflict. This way, the problem disappears.
Testimony and inferential justification
Authors: Rudy Hiller Fernando
Published: May 2024

Reductionists about testimony think that testimony is never a basic source of justification. By contrast, anti-reductionists claim that, at least in some paradigmatic cases, testimony is a basic and independent source of justification. In support of their position, anti-reductionists usually claim that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are non-inferential in that recipients of testimony usually don’t reason their way from the fact that they were told that p to the belief that p—they simply come to believe that p. In this paper I explore in detail the idea that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are non-inferentially justified and conclude that it is grounded on an overly simplistic characterization of inferential relations. Then, and taking my cue from Malmgren’s (2018) rich proposal about the varieties of inferential relations, I defend the view that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are inferentially justified after all.
An epistemic argument for evolutionary dispositions
Authors: Villegas Cristina , Morales Carbonell Felipe
Published: May 2024

The use of dispositions has been put into question many times in the philosophical literature, especially with regards to how dispositional attributions can be justified. Yet, dispositions are an important part not only of our everyday talk but also of our scientific practices. In this paper, we develop an argument that infers the epistemic justification of dispositional talk from itsindispensability for carrying out basic epistemological projects, and we apply it to the use of dispositions in evolutionary biology. For doing this, we first advocate for a function-based strategy for the epistemic justification of dispositional attributions. We next review the functional role of some key dispositional notions in evolutionary biology, such as fitness and evolvability. Then, we show that alternative non-dispositional substitutes of these dispositions fail to fulfill their roles to the same degree. We conclude that the use of dispositions is justified in evolutionary biology.
Immersive Analytics
Authors: Chhikara Vanshika
Published: May 2024

Immersive Analytics focuses on the benefits and challenges of using immersive environments for data analysis, and developing designs to improve efficiency.
Espectroscopia FT-IR para avaliação de pacientes com pré-diabetes Nidia
Authors: Castro dos Santos Nidia C. , Silva Rafael Nascimento de Brito , Bergo Beatriz Rezende , Silva Sara Maria Santos Dias da , Ferreira Camila Lopes , Notarstefano Valentina , Carvalho Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de
Published: May 2024

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características bioquímicas da saliva de pacientes saudáveis e pré-diabéticos, usando espectroscopia ATR FT-IR. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Amostras de saliva foram coletadas de pacientes na Universidade de Taubaté (Taubaté/SP) e no Centro de Ensaios Clínicos da Universidade de Guarulhos (Guarulhos/SP) e, então, os espectros foram obtidos no espectrômetro Bruker Alpha II e analisados utilizando o programa MATLAB. RESULTADOS: Uma clara diferença foi observada na região de alta frequência relacionada às cadeias alifáticas, enquanto na região de impressão digital, houve uma diferença em ésteres, proteínas, carboidratos e ácidos nucleicos. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica discriminante seguida de validação cruzada obteve uma acurácia de 84% para região de highwavenumber e 99% para região de fingerprint, classificando com sucesso pacientes saudáveis e com pré-diabetes. Esse método oferece vantagens como análise rápida, preparação mínima da amostra e potencial para testes no ponto de atendimento, tornando-o uma ferramenta promissora para o diagnóstico e manejo do diabetes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pré-diabetes. Diabetes. Saliva. FT-IR. Diagnóstico. Espectroscopia.