bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Prenatal Exposure to Classical Music Improves Learning and Memory in Adult Rats
Authors: Zhang Yuantian , Vatanpour Morvarid , Vatanpour Marjan , Tayyebi Sepideh , Baghani Omid , Abbasnejad Maliheh
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Background: Exposure to music during pregnancy enhances brain development and improves learning in neonatal rats. Methods: In these experiments, we examined the effects of exposure to silence, hard rock, classical, and rap music in utero plus 60 days postpartum on learning and memory in adult Wistar rats. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) was assessed at age 60 days, and a retention test was done 24 hours after training. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was also used as a standard behavioral task for assessing the effects of music therapy on anxiety. Furthermore, we measured serum corticosterone levels and adrenal weight at the end of experiments to show the possible effect of stress on the rats’ behavior. Results: Hard rock music impaired acquisition, increasing the number of trials to acquisition in PAL task. Hard rock music also impaired the retrieval process by decreasing step-through latency and increasing time spent in the dark compartment during the retention trial. Further, in the hard rock group, there were increases in serum corticosterone and adrenal weight of rats. Classical music, in turn, improved acquisition learning and retention memory and decreased serum corticosterone levels compared to the silence group. Rats’ exposure to rap music did not show any significant change in acquisition and retrieval processes compared to the silence group. In the EPM task, classical music exposure had anxiolytic-like effects revealed in an increase in the number of entries into open arms and time spent in the open arms. However, in this task, hard rock music induced an anxiogenic effect. Conclusions: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to music improves PAL and memory in adult rats. The effects of music therapy with classical music might be related to stress reduction by lowering corticosterone as a stress biomarker or anxiolytic effects; this deserves further examination.
Job Analysis for Air Traffic Control
Authors: Wium Jóhann , Eaglestone Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This article presents a review and categorization of job analyses on the role of air traffic controllers (ATCO). There are three parts – how the role has been conceptualized, why it was conceptualized in this manner, and what we can conclude from developments in ATCO job analysis. The article includes a history of job analysis in air traffic control and two tables summarizing task and worker analyses. A large amount of information is available on tasks and attributes and we conclude that ATCO job analyses have been carried out in a varied and disunited manner. While there is no universally accepted analysis for the role of ATCO, previous analyses could nonetheless be used as a foundation for future analytic work.
Influence of the Magnetic Field Strength and Solar Activity on the Thermospheric Zonal Wind
Authors: Wang Hui , Gao Jie , Zhang Kedeng
Published: January 2022

Based on Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulation and CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload observations, the effects of the geomagnetic field intensity and solar activity on the thermospheric zonal wind and related physical mechanisms are investigated. The weakening of the magnetic field results in an increase in the westward wind during the daytime and a decrease in the eastward wind at night, and leading to a decreasing superrotation. The weakening solar activity causes a reduction in the zonal wind and superrotation. The theoretical term analysis shows that when the magnetic field is weakened, the vertical upward drift velocity of the plasma increases, resulting in a decrease in the electron density in the F layer. The weakening of eastward acceleration of viscous force and ion drag results in an enhanced westward wind. The downward drift velocity of ions increases at night, resulting in an increase in the electron density, while the ion‐neutral velocity difference decreases. The weakening of eastward acceleration of pressure gradient and viscous force at night are main reasons for the decreased eastward wind. The reduced solar activity leads to a decrease in the pressure gradient and ion drag. Combined with the change of viscous force, these processes cause the decrease in the superrotation. The geomagnetic field configuration is responsible for the UT variation (potential longitudinal change) in the superrotation. When the magnetic field is weakened, although the average neutral wind decreases, the Pedersen conductivity of the F‐layer is quadrupled. Therefore, the meridional current system driven by the F‐layer dynamo is enhanced accordingly.
Preferential Energization of Lower‐Charge‐State Heavier Ions in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail
Authors: Keika K. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Hoshino M. , Seki K. , Amano T. , Kistler L. M. , Nosé M. , Miyoshi Y. , Hori T. , Shinohara I.
Published: January 2022

O+ ions make a significant contribution to plasma pressure in the inner magnetosphere during magnetic storms. The storm‐time O+ enhancements are primarily caused by enhanced supply from the ionosphere and preferential energization in the magnetotail. In order to characterize the magnetotail process that dominates the energization, we examine differences in energy spectra of energetic 10–180 keV/q ions between different ion species, namely H+, He++, He+. O++, and O+. We use observations made by the MEP‐i instrument on the Arase (ERG) spacecraft on the nightside in the radial distance range of ∼5–∼7 Re during the main and early recovery phases of the May and July 2017 storms. The comparisons of energy spectra show that, for the same charge states, heavier ions are more energized than lighter ions. For the same mass, lower‐charge‐state ions are more energized than higher‐charge‐state ions. The spectra exhibit a sharp decrease at high energies for all ion species, while the spectra for more energized ions were shifted toward higher energies, compared to those for less energized ions. The results suggest that the preferential energization is due to temperature increases rather than the generation of energetic ions in the high‐energy tail. Considering temporal and spatial scales of heavy ion kinetic motions, we conclude that the preferential energization of lower‐charge‐state heavier ions occurs during the course of dipolarization, likely due to non‐adiabatic heating in the near‐Earth plasma sheet, effective trapping during transport by localized flow channels, and/or non‐adiabatic acceleration within the near‐Earth flow‐braking region.
Identifying Relations Between Deep Convection and the Large‐Scale Atmosphere Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Retsch M. H. , Jakob C. , Singh M. S.
Published: January 2022

Deep moist convection is responsible for a large fraction of rainfall in the tropics, but the interaction between deep convection and the large‐scale atmosphere remains poorly understood. Here, we apply machine learning techniques to examine relationships between the large‐scale state of the atmosphere and two measures of its convective state derived from radar observations in northern Australia: the total area occupied by deep convection and the degree of deep convective organization. Specifically, we use a neural net to predict convective area and convective organization as a function the large‐scale state, defined as the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of the atmosphere averaged over the radar domain. Building on research into explainable artificial intelligence, we apply so‐called “attribution methods” to quantify the most important large‐scale quantities determining these predictions. We find that the large‐scale vertical velocity is the most important contributor to the prediction of both convective measures, but for convective area, its absolute and relative influence are increased. Thermodynamic quantities like atmospheric moisture also contribute to the prediction of convective area, but they are found to be unimportant for convective organization. Instead, the horizontal wind field appears to be more relevant for the prediction of convective organization. The results highlight unique aspects of the large‐scale state that are associated with organized convection.
COVID‐19 Impacts Highlight the Need for Holistic Evaluation of Research in the Hydrologic Sciences
Authors:   CUAHSI Board of Directors & Officers
Published: January 2022

As we reckon with the effect of COVID‐19 on the research enterprise in hydrologic science, it is important to acknowledge that disruptions will be persistent and that institutional‐level adjustments, while helpful, are not sufficient to mitigate all impacts on hydrologic scientists. Here, we describe the breadth of research contributions in the hydrologic sciences, consider how the pandemic has impacted this portfolio of contributions, document one impact that is already being realized in publication of research, and suggest guidance to the hydrologic science community, institutions, review panels, and funding organizations in considering these impacts at various stages of hiring and promotion in our community. Acknowledging the diversity of contributions to research is particularly valuable because it provides a more objective, transparent, and holistic basis for evaluating individuals within the context of norms of the hydrologic science community. With clearly established values, it is easier to identify impacts of life events, such as those related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, as they are manifested in individuals under a diversity of circumstances.
Genetic alterations of the SUMO isopeptidase SENP6 drive lymphomagenesis and genetic instability in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Schick Markus , Zhang Le , Maurer Sabine , Maurer Hans Carlo , Isaakaidis Konstandina , Schneider Lara , Patra Upayan , Schunck Kathrin , Rohleder Elena , Hofstetter Julia , Baluapuri Apoorva , Scherger Anna Katharina , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Hettler Franziska , Weber Julia , Engleitner Thomas , Maresch Roman , Slawska Jolanta , Lewis Richard , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Habringer Stefan , Steiger Katja , Baiker Armin , Oostendorp Robert A. J. , Miething Cornelius , Lenhof Hans-Peter , Bassermann Florian , Chapuy Björn , Wirth Matthias , Wolf Elmar , Rad Roland , Müller Stefan , Keller Ulrich
Published: January 2022

SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that regulates these proteins’ localization, turnover or function. Aberrant SUMOylation is frequently found in cancers but its origin remains elusive. Using a genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screen in a MYC-driven B-cell lymphoma model, we here identify the SUMO isopeptidase (or deconjugase) SENP6 as a tumor suppressor that links unrestricted SUMOylation to tumor development and progression. Notably, SENP6 is recurrently deleted in human lymphomas and SENP6 deficiency results in unrestricted SUMOylation. Mechanistically, SENP6 loss triggers release of DNA repair- and genome maintenance-associated protein complexes from chromatin thereby impairing DNA repair in response to DNA damages and ultimately promoting genomic instability. In line with this hypothesis, SENP6 deficiency drives synthetic lethality to Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Together, our results link SENP6 loss to defective genome maintenance and reveal the potential therapeutic application of PARP inhibitors in B-cell lymphoma.
Coding strategy for surface luminance switches in the primary visual cortex of the awake monkey
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Tian , Li Yang , Dai Weifeng , Yang Guanzhong , Han Chuanliang , Wu Yujie , Xing Dajun
Published: January 2022

Both surface luminance and edge contrast of an object are essential features for object identification. However, cortical processing of surface luminance remains unclear. In this study, we aim to understand how the primary visual cortex (V1) processes surface luminance information across its different layers. We report that edge-driven responses are stronger than surface-driven responses in V1 input layers, but luminance information is coded more accurately by surface responses. In V1 output layers, the advantage of edge over surface responses increased eight times and luminance information was coded more accurately at edges. Further analysis of neural dynamics shows that such substantial changes for neural responses and luminance coding are mainly due to non-local cortical inhibition in V1’s output layers. Our results suggest that non-local cortical inhibition modulates the responses elicited by the surfaces and edges of objects, and that switching the coding strategy in V1 promotes efficient coding for luminance.
The rise of grasslands is linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the late Palaeogene
Authors: Palazzesi Luis , Hidalgo Oriane , Barreda Viviana D. , Forest Félix , Höhna Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Grasslands are predicted to experience a major biodiversity change by the year 2100. A better understanding of how grasslands have responded to past environmental changes will help predict the outcome of current and future environmental changes. Here, we explore the relationship between past atmospheric CO2 and temperature fluctuations and the shifts in diversification rate of Poaceae (grasses) and Asteraceae (daisies), two exceptionally species-rich grassland families (~11,000 and ~23,000 species, respectively). To this end, we develop a Bayesian approach that simultaneously estimates diversification rates through time from time-calibrated phylogenies and correlations between environmental variables and diversification rates. Additionally, we present a statistical approach that incorporates the information of the distribution of missing species in the phylogeny. We find strong evidence supporting a simultaneous increase in diversification rates for grasses and daisies after the most significant reduction of atmospheric CO2 in the Cenozoic (~34 Mya). The fluctuations of paleo-temperatures, however, appear not to have had a significant relationship with the diversification of these grassland families. Overall, our results shed new light on our understanding of the origin of grasslands in the context of past environmental changes.
Tolerogenic nanoparticles mitigate the formation of anti-drug antibodies against pegylated uricase in patients with hyperuricemia
Authors: Sands Earl , Kivitz Alan , DeHaan Wesley , Leung Sheldon S. , Johnston Lloyd , Kishimoto Takashi Kei
Published: January 2022

Biologic drugs have transformed the standard of care for many diseases. However, many biologics induce the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), which can compromise their safety and efficacy. Preclinical studies demonstrate that biodegradable nanoparticles-encapsulating rapamycin (ImmTOR), but not free rapamycin, mitigate the immunogenicity of co-administered biologic drugs. Here we report the outcomes from two clinical trials for ImmTOR. In the first ascending dose, open-label study (NCT02464605), pegadricase, an immunogenic, pegylated uricase enzyme derived from Candida utilis, is assessed for safety and tolerability (primary endpoint) as well as activity and immunogenicity (secondary endpoint); in the second single ascending dose Phase 1b trial (NCT02648269) composed of both a double-blind and open-label parts, we evaluate the safety of ImmTOR (primary endpoint) and its ability to prevent the formation of anti-drug antibodies against pegadricase and enhance its pharmacodynamic activity (secondary endpoint) in patients with hyperuricemia. The combination of ImmTOR and pegadricase is well tolerated. ImmTOR inhibits the development of uricase-specific ADAs in a dose-dependent manner, thus enabling sustained enzyme activity and reduction in serum uric acid levels. ImmTOR may thus represent a feasible approach for preventing the formation of ADAs to a broad range of immunogenic biologic therapies.
Enteric α-synuclein impairs intestinal epithelial barrier through caspase-1-inflammasome signaling in Parkinson’s disease before brain pathology
Authors: Pellegrini C. , D’Antongiovanni V. , Miraglia F. , Rota L. , Benvenuti L. , Di Salvo C. , Testa G. , Capsoni S. , Carta G. , Antonioli L. , Cattaneo A. , Blandizzi C. , Colla E. , Fornai M.
Published: January 2022

Abstracts

Bowel inflammation, impaired intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), and gut dysbiosis could represent early events in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examined, in a descriptive manner, the correlation among enteric α-synuclein, bowel inflammation, impairments of IEB and alterations of enteric bacteria in a transgenic (Tg) model of PD before brain pathology. Human A53T α-synuclein Tg mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 9 months of age to evaluate concomitance of enteric inflammation, IEB impairments, and enteric bacterial metabolite alterations during the early phases of α-synucleinopathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between α-synuclein, activation of immune/inflammatory responses and IEB alterations were investigated with in vitro experiments in cell cultures. Tg mice displayed an increase in colonic levels of IL-1β, TNF, caspase-1 activity and enteric glia activation since 3 months of age. Colonic TLR-2 and zonulin-1 expression were altered in Tg mice as compared with controls. Lipopolysaccharide levels were increased in Tg animals at 3 months, while fecal butyrate and propionate levels were decreased. Co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide and α-synuclein promoted IL-1β release in the supernatant of THP-1 cells. When applied to Caco-2 cells, the THP-1-derived supernatant decreased zonulin-1 and occludin expression. Such an effect was abrogated when THP-1 cells were incubated with YVAD (caspase-1 inhibitor) or when Caco-2 were incubated with anakinra, while butyrate incubation did not prevent such decrease. Taken together, early enteric α-synuclein accumulation contributes to compromise IEB through the direct activation of canonical caspase-1-dependent inflammasome signaling. These changes could contribute both to bowel symptoms as well as central pathology.
Gate-tunable pairing channels in superconducting non-centrosymmetric oxides nanowires
Authors: Singh Gyanendra , Guarcello Claudio , Lesne Edouard , Winkler Dag , Claeson Tord , Bauch Thilo , Lombardi Floriana , Caviglia Andrea D. , Citro Roberta , Cuoco Mario , Kalaboukhov Alexei
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional SrTiO3-based interfaces stand out among non-centrosymmetric superconductors due to their intricate interplay of gate-tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling and multi-orbital electronic occupations, whose combination theoretically prefigures various forms of non-standard superconductivity. By employing superconducting transport measurements in nano-devices we present strong experimental indications of unconventional superconductivity in the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. The central observations are the substantial anomalous enhancement of the critical current by small magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the plane of electron motion, and the asymmetric response with respect to the magnetic field direction. These features cannot be accommodated within a scenario of canonical spin-singlet superconductivity. We demonstrate that the experimental observations can be described by a theoretical model based on the coexistence of Josephson channels with intrinsic phase shifts. Our results exclude a time-reversal symmetry breaking scenario and suggest the presence of anomalous pairing components that are compatible with inversion symmetry breaking and multi-orbital physics.
Sonic Hedgehog acts as a macrophage chemoattractant during regeneration of the gastric epithelium
Authors: Chakrabarti Jayati , Dua-Awereh Martha , Schumacher Michael , Engevik Amy , Hawkins Jennifer , Helmrath Michael A. , Zavros Yana
Published: January 2022

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), secreted from gastric parietal cells, contributes to the regeneration of the epithelium. The recruitment of macrophages plays a central role in the regenerative process. The mechanism that regulates macrophage recruitment in response to gastric injury is largely unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that Shh stimulates macrophage chemotaxis to the injured epithelium and contributes to gastric regeneration. A mouse model expressing a myeloid cell-specific deletion of Smoothened (LysMcre/+;Smof/f) was generated using transgenic mice bearing loxP sites flanking the Smo gene (Smo loxP) and mice expressing a Cre recombinase transgene from the Lysozyme M locus (LysMCre). Acetic acid injury was induced in the stomachs of both control and LysMcre/+;Smof/f (SmoKO) mice and gastric epithelial regeneration and macrophage recruitment analyzed over a period of 7 days post-injury. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-Mø) were collected from control and SmoKO mice. Human-derived gastric organoid/macrophage co-cultures were established, and macrophage chemotaxis measured. Compared to control mice, SmoKO animals exhibited inhibition of ulcer repair and normal epithelial regeneration, which correlated with decreased macrophage infiltration at the site of injury. Bone marrow chimera experiments using SmoKO donor cells showed that control chimera mice transplanted with SmoKO bone marrow donor cells exhibited a loss of ulcer repair, and transplantation of control bone marrow donor cells to SmoKO mice rescued epithelial cell regeneration. Histamine-stimulated Shh secretion in human organoid/macrophage co-cultures resulted in macrophage migration toward the gastric epithelium, a response that was blocked with Smo inhibitor Vismodegib. Shh-induced macrophage migration was mediated by AKT signaling. In conclusion, Shh signaling acts as a macrophage chemoattractant via a Smo-dependent mechanism during gastric epithelial regeneration in response to injury.
Recovery and utilization of phosphorus from fruit and vegetable wastewater
Authors: Qin Yu , Li Huili , Ma Shuanglong , Li Kai , Zhang Xiaohan , Hou Deyin , Zheng Xiaoxu , Wang Cong , Lyu Ping , Xu Shengjun , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2022

Excessive discharge of phosphorus into the water bodies is the key factor to cause eutrophication. The fruit and vegetable wastewater contains large amounts of phosphorus, and it may be directly discharged into water bodies, which has a great burden on the municipal sewage pipe network. Therefore, coagulation was used to remove phosphorus, recovered the phosphorus from the wastewater into the precipitate, and then the precipitate was pyrolyzed as an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal. By comparing the adsorption effects of adsorbents (XT-300, XT-400, and XT-500) with pyrolysis temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C on phosphate in actual phosphorus-containing wastewater and simulated phosphorus-containing wastewater at different adsorbent dosage (4 g/L, 7 g/L, and 10 g/L), it was found that XT-300 had the best performance of adsorption, and the adsorption of phosphate was endothermic and obeyed the Langmuir isotherms and Elovich kinetics. The influence of pH, coexisting anions, and the structure of XT-300 revealed that the removal of phosphate was associated with electrostatic attraction, pore filling, but could not be determined whether it was related to surface precipitation. This study provides a way and method for the recovery and utilization of phosphorus in fruit and vegetable wastewater and proves that the synthetic adsorbent was an efficient phosphorus adsorbent. In the long term, we can try to use the adsorbent after phosphorus adsorption to promote plant growth in agricultural systems.
Analysis of non-pharmaceutical interventions and their impacts on COVID-19 in Kerala
Authors: Goult Elizabeth , Sathyendranath Shubha , Kovač Žarko , Kong Christina Eunjin , Stipanović Petar , Abdulaziz Anas , Menon Nandini , George Grinson , Platt Trevor
Published: January 2022

In the absence of an effective vaccine or drug therapy, non-pharmaceutical interventions are the only option for control of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic with global implications. Each of the over 200 countries affected has followed its own path in dealing with the crisis, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of measures implemented, either individually, or collectively. In this paper we analyse the case of the south Indian state of Kerala, which received much attention in the international media for its actions in containing the spread of the disease in the early months of the pandemic, but later succumbed to a second wave. We use a model to study the trajectory of the disease in the state during the first four months of the outbreak. We then use the model for a retrospective analysis of measures taken to combat the spread of the disease, to evaluate their impact. Because of the differences in the trajectory of the outbreak in Kerala, we argue that it is a model worthy of a place in the discussion on how the world might best handle this and other, future, pandemics.
The influence of different light spectra on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity and chemical compositions in two holy basil cultivars
Authors: Chutimanukul Panita , Wanichananan Praderm , Janta Supattana , Toojinda Theerayut , Darwell Clive Terence , Mosaleeyanon Kriengkrai
Published: January 2022

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an artificial light source used in indoor cultivation to influence plant growth, photosynthesis performance and secondary metabolite synthesis. Holy basil plants (Ocimum tenuiflorum) were cultivated under fully controlled environmental conditions with different red (R) and blue (B) light intensity ratios (3R:1B, 1R:1B and 1R:3B), along with combined green (G) LED (2R:1G:2B). The photosynthetic activities of both cultivars were maximal under 3R:1B. However, the highest fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight values of green holy basil were recorded under 3R:1B and 2R:1G:2B, significantly higher than those under alternative light conditions. For red holy basil, the highest FW and DW were recorded under 1R:3B. Moreover, 2R:1G:2B treatment promoted pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) accumulation in green holy basil, while red holy basil was found to be rich in both pigments under 3R:1B. Antioxidant capacity was also influenced by light spectrum, resulting in greater total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH accumulation in both cultivars under 1R:3B. The highest content of flavonoid in green holy basil was detected under 1R:1B; meanwhile, 1R:3B treatment significantly promoted flavonoid content in red holy basil. In addition, anthocyanin content increased in red holy basil under 1R:3B conditions. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) analysis of chemical composition showed higher proportional accumulation in Methyleugenol and Caryophyllene of two cultivars grown under all light spectrum ratios at two developmental stages. Overall, specific light spectrum ratios induced different chemical composition responses in each cultivar and at each developmental stage. These results suggest that 3R:1B was favorable for biomass accumulation and photosynthetic responses in green holy basil, while 1R:3B provided antioxidant accumulation. For red holy basil cultivation, 1R:3B provided optimal growing conditions, promoting improvements in plant biomass, and physiological and antioxidant capacities.
Influencing factors and reduction of domestic solid waste at university dormitory in Shanghai, China
Authors: Pan Yuhan , Li Mengyang , Guo Hongwei , Li Yuanyuan , Han Ji
Published: January 2022

Increasing domestic solid waste (DSW) is becoming one of the most serious challenges for city and regional environment. As an epitome of the society, the investigation on the influencing factors and reduction of DSW of university students can not only provide policy suggestions for the waste management in the university campus, but also can achieve demonstration effect to other communities due to its high social status and wide impacts. This research combined direct weighing, questionnaire surveys, and regression analysis to quantify the influencing factors of DSW at East China Normal University’s dormitory in Shanghai. Direct weighting and questionnaire survey were conducted in 112 randomly selected dormitory rooms. Totally 523 valid questionnaires were collected. It is found that the average waste generation was 0.275 kg/day/cap, in which residual waste accounted for 64% of total, followed by household food waste (29%), and recyclable waste (7%). Regressions based on ordinary least square method suggested that students’ attitude towards waste played the most important role in affecting the waste reduction with its elasticity − 0.195. Lower educational level and better financial condition would lead to more waste generation, whose elasticity was 0.148 and 0.098 respectively. The influences of gender and major varied from waste types. Policies implications for university administration departments for sustainable waste and resource management include developing personalized and humanized waste management policies, enhancing environmental awareness through diverse educational activities, and expanding the publicity role of campus cultural activities on waste reduction.
The prognostic value of m6A-related LncRNAs in patients with HNSCC: bioinformatics analysis of TCGA database
Authors: Zhou Liu-qing , Shen Jin-xiong , Zhou Jie-yu , Hu Yao , Xiao Hong-jun
Published: January 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play an essential role in tumorigenesis. These modifications modulate RNAs, including mRNAs and lncRNAs. However, the prognostic role of m6A-related lncRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorly understood. Based on LASSO Cox regression, enrichment analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic risk model, and consensus clustering analysis, we analyzed 12 m6A-related lncRNAs in HNSCC sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We found 12 m6A-related lncRNAs in the training cohort and validated them in all cohorts by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, revealing their independent prognostic value in HNSCC. Moreover, ROC analysis was conducted, confirming the strong predictive ability of this signature for HNSCC survival. GSEA and detailed immune infiltration analyses revealed specific pathways associated with m6A-related lncRNAs. In this study, a novel risk model including twelve genes (SAP30L-AS1, AC022098.1, LINC01475, AC090587.2, AC008115.3, AC015911.3, AL122035.2, AC010226.1, AL513190.1, ZNF32-AS1, AL035587.1 and AL031716.1) was built. It could accurately predict HNSCC outcomes and could provide new therapeutic targets for HNSCC patients.
Risk factors for radiation pneumonitis after rotating gantry intensity-modulated radiation therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Tatsuno Saori , Doi Hiroshi , Okada Wataru , Inoue Eri , Nakamatsu Kiyoshi , Tanooka Masao , Tanaka Masahiro , Nishimura Yasumasa
Published: January 2022

The risk factors for severe radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with lung cancer who undergo rotating gantry intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or helical tomotherapy (HT) are poorly understood. Fifty-two patients who received rotating gantry IMRT for locally advanced lung cancer were included in this retrospective study. In total, 31 and 21 patients received VMAT and HT, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 14 months (range, 5.2–33.6). Twenty (38%) and eight (15%) patients developed grade ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 RP, respectively. In multivariate analysis, lung V5 ≥ 40% was associated with grade ≥ 2 RP (P = 0.02), and past medical history of pneumonectomy and total lung volume ≤ 3260 cc were independently associated with grade ≥ 3 RP (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Rotating gantry IMRT was feasible and safe in patients with lung cancer undergoing definitive radiotherapy. Reducing lung V5 may decrease the risk of symptomatic RP, and care should be taken to avoid severe RP after radiotherapy in patients with a past medical history of pneumonectomy and small total lung volume.
Integration of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing for the eco-design of rubber products
Authors: Dong Yahong , Zhao Yating , Wang Hong , Liu Peng , He Yan , Lin Guangyi
Published: January 2022

Rubber hoses are a category of rubber products that are widely and intensively employed in construction sites for concrete conveying. There has been lack of study to investigate the life cycle environmental and economic impacts of the rubber hoses as an industrial product. In this study, we analyze four types of rubber hoses with the inner layer made of different rubber composites to resist abrasion, i.e., Baseline, S-I, S-II and S-III. Tests of the wear resistance are carried out in the laboratory and S-III shows high abrasion resisting performance with the concrete conveying volume up to 20,000 m3 during the service life. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) models are established for evaluating the four types of rubber hoses. A target function is developed to integrate LCA and LCC by converting the LCA results to the environmental costs. It is found that S-III can save 13% total cost comparing to Baseline. The production stage is the largest contributor to the environmental single score, while the use stage is the largest contributor to the life cycle cost. Sensitivity analyses are conducted and the results of this study are validated with the previous studies. The integrated method of LCA and LCC developed in this study paves a way for the eco-design of industrial rubber hoses and is potentially applicable to other rubber products.
Biomarker candidates for progression and clinical management of COVID-19 associated pneumonia at time of admission
Authors: Calvet Joan , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Gay Marina , Massanella Marta , Domingo Pere , Llop Maria , Sánchez-Jiménez Ester , Arévalo Marta , Carrillo Jorge , Albiñana Néstor , Arauz-Garofalo Gianluca , Orellana Cristóbal , Delgado Juan Francisco , Serrano Alejandra , Llobell Artur , Graell Eduard , García-Manrique María , Moreno Mireia , Galisteo Carlos , Casado Enrique , Navarro Noemí , Gómez Antoni , Garcia-Cirera Silvia , Rusiñol Menna , Costa Ester , Clotet Bonaventura , Vilaseca Marta , Blanco Julià , Gratacós Jordi
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 pathophysiology is currently not fully understood, reliable prognostic factors remain elusive, and few specific therapeutic strategies have been proposed. In this scenario, availability of biomarkers is a priority. MS-based Proteomics techniques were used to profile the proteome of 81 plasma samples extracted in four consecutive days from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients. Samples from 10 subjects that reached a critical condition during their hospital stay and 10 matched non-severe controls were drawn before the administration of any COVID-19 specific treatment and used to identify potential biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis. Additionally, we compared the proteome of five patients before and after glucocorticoids and tocilizumab treatment, to assess the changes induced by the therapy on our selected candidates. Forty-two proteins were differentially expressed between patients' evolution groups at 10% FDR. Twelve proteins showed lower levels in critical patients (fold-changes 1.20–3.58), of which OAS3 and COG5 found their expression increased after COVID-19 specific therapy. Most of the 30 proteins over-expressed in critical patients (fold-changes 1.17–4.43) were linked to inflammation, coagulation, lipids metabolism, complement or immunoglobulins, and a third of them decreased their expression after treatment. We propose a set of candidate proteins for biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis at the time of hospital admission. The study design employed is distinctive from previous works and aimed to optimize the chances of the candidates to be validated in confirmatory studies and, eventually, to play a useful role in the clinical practice.
Origin of nonlinear force distributions in a composite system
Authors: Tamura Yuto , Tani Marie , Kurita Rei
Published: January 2022

Composite materials have been actively developed in recent years because they are highly functional such as lightweight, high yield strength, and superior load response. In spite of importance of the composite materials, mechanisms of the mechanical responses of composites have been unrevealed. Here, in order to understand the mechanical responses of composites, we investigated the origin and nature of the force distribution in heterogeneous materials using a soft particle model. We arranged particles with different softness in a lamellar structure and then we applied homogeneous pressure to the top surface of the system. It is found that the density in each region differently changes and then the density difference induces a nonlinear force distribution. In addition, it is found that the attractive interaction suppresses the density difference and then the force distribution is close to the theoretical prediction. Those findings may lead material designs for functional composite materials.
Closure times of neurocranial sutures and synchondroses in Persian compared to Domestic Shorthair cats
Authors: Schmidt Martin J. , Farke Daniela , Staszyk Carsten , Lang Antonia , Büttner Kathrin , Plendl Johanna , Kampschulte Marian
Published: January 2022

Human-directed selective breeding has modified the phenotype of the modern Persian cat towards an extreme brachycephalic phenotype (‘peke-face’ Persian), which originates from a spontaneous mutation that first appeared in the 1950s in traditional Persian types. It was suggested that the peke-face phenotype results from pathologic skull development and might represent a craniosynostosis of the coronal sutures. We followed this hypothesis and investigated the time dependent status of the neurocranial sutures and synchondroses in an ontogenetic series of doll-faced and peke-faced Persian cats compared to Domestic Shorthair cats (DSHs). Cranial suture closure was assessed by examining an ontogenetic series of formalin-fixed head specimens (n = 55) and dry skulls (n = 32) using micro-computed tomography. Sagittal, metopic, coronal and lambdoid sutures as well as intersphenoidal, spheno-occipital and spheno-ethmoid synchondroses were examined. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the global effect of age on suture closure within a group of peke-face Persians, doll-face Persians and DSHs and the 50% probability of having a closed suture was calculated and compared between groups. Age was a perfect predictor for the condition of the coronal sutures in peke-face Persians. Coronal sutures were found to be closed at 0–0.3 months. In doll-face and DSHs, coronal sutures were open throughout the lifetime with the exception of a few very old cats. Results of this study confirmed a coronal craniosynostosis that likely causes the extreme brachycephalic skull morphology in the peke-face Persian.
Autophagy-inhibiting biomimetic nanodrugs enhance photothermal therapy and boost antitumor immunity
Authors: Huang Pei-Ying , Zhu Yin-Yin , Zhong Hao , Chen Pei-Ling , Shi Qun-Ying , Chen Jiao-Yu , Lai Jin-Mei , Tu Ying-Feng , Liu Shu-Wen , Liu Li-Han
Published: January 2022

We fabricated ICGCQ@RCm nanoparticles to ablate tumors effectively under mild-temperature PTT by inhibiting protective autophagy and exerting strong immunogenic cell death.
Geminal C–Cl and Si–Cl bond activation of chloromethanes and chlorosilanes by gallanediyl LGa
Authors: Helling Christoph , Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: January 2022

Reactions of chloromethanes and chlorosilanes EHxCl4−x (E = C, x = 0–2; E = Si, x = 0, 1) with gallanediyl LGa occurred with E–Cl bond insertion and formation of mono- and bis-oxidative addition products.
Excitation induced asymmetric fluorescence emission in 2D-WS2 quantum dots
Authors: Miao Wenjing , Gai Xinwen , Zhao Fengyang , Wang Jingang
Published: January 2022

(a) Photoluminescence spectra of EG-WS2 QDs with excitation from 320 nm to 390 nm; (b) Fluorescence spectra of EG-WS2 QDs and ethanol passivated WS2 QDs (E-WS2 QDs).
Assessing the electrical activity of individual ZnO nanowires thermally annealed in air
Authors: Bah Micka , Tlemcani Taoufik Slimani , Boubenia Sarah , Justeau Camille , Vivet Nicolas , Chauveau Jean-Michel , Jomard François , Nadaud Kevin , Poulin-Vittrant Guylaine , Alquier Daniel
Published: January 2022

The electrical activity of ZnO NWs is assessed using scanning capacitance microscopy with the aim of determining their dopant homogeneity relative to their reduced dimensionality, the Debye screening length and annealing temperatures in air ambiance.
A light-responsive molecular switch based on cucurbit[7]uril and 1,1′-bis(benzyl)-4-[2-(4-pyridyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium dibromide displaying white light emission
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Kun , Lin Rui-Lian , Sun Wen-Qi , Ye Ming-Fu , Xiao Xin , Liu Jing-Xin
Published: January 2022

In this work, we designed and synthesized a light-responsive molecular switch, in which the switching states can emit cold white fluorescence under UV light.
Curvature-induced defects on carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotube forests
Authors: Morco Stephanie R. , Jensen Brian D. , Bowden Anton E.
Published: January 2022

A morphological study of the micro-scale defects induced by growing a carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotube (CICNT) forest on concave substrates was conducted.
Oxidative DNA cleavage mediated by a new unexpected [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex (BAPP = 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine): crystal structure, DNA binding and cytotoxic behavior
Authors: Ragab Mona S. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Shoukry Mohamed M. , Haukka Matti , Ragheb Mohamed A.
Published: January 2022

Synthesis, structural characterization, docking simulation, theoretical calculations, and biological evaluation of a new palladium(ii) complex have been reported.
Thickness dependent thermal performance of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) thin film synthesized via an electrochemical approach
Authors: Chen Shen , Luan Tian , Di Chen , Lu Ming-Hui , Yan Xue-Jun , Song Chengyi , Deng Tao
Published: January 2022

Enhancing the intrinsic thermal conductivity of PEDOT films via a one-step template-less electrochemical synthesis.
Turn-on signal fluorescence sensor based on DNA derived bio-dots/polydopamine nanoparticles for the detection of glutathione
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Pu , Wu Gaojun , Wang Zhe , Huang Chaobiao
Published: January 2022

The turn-on fluorescence signal mechanism for detection of GSH.
Efficient removal of methylene blue by activated hydrochar prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of sugarcane bagasse and phosphoric acid
Authors: Zhou Feng , Li Kai , Hang Fangxue , Zhang Zhiming , Chen Peng , Wei Lin , Xie Caifeng
Published: January 2022

Activated-hydrochar (AHC) derived from sugarcane bagasse was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as activators.
Chemical redox-induced chiroptical switching of supramolecular assemblies of viologens
Authors: Kuwahara Yutaka , Ito Mio , Iwamoto Tatsumi , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka , Ryu Naoya , Mani Tomoyasu
Published: January 2022

Chiral assemblies of viologen-modified glutamide derivatives exhibit a unique orange-color and CD signals by CT complexes of viologen groups and electro-responsive chiroptical switching behaviors in the visible region in water.
Two-dimensional metal–organic framework Mo3(C2O)12 as a promising single-atom catalyst for selective nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion
Authors: Feng Zhen , Yang Zelin , Meng Xiaowen , Li Fachuang , Guo Zhanyong , Zheng Shu , Su Guang , Ma Yaqiang , Tang Yanan , Dai Xianqi
Published: January 2022

2D MOF Mo3(C2O)12 not only possesses sufficient stability, but also exhibits high NRR activity with a low limiting potential of −0.36 V and substantial selectivity with a promising theoretical faradaic efficiency value of 100%.
Impact of capping agent removal from Au NPs@MOF core–shell nanoparticle heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Dai Shan , Ngoc Kieu Phung , Grimaud Laurence , Zhang Sanjun , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian
Published: January 2022

Core–shell Au NPs@MOF-808 architecture has been synthesized using sustainable conditions. Au NPs capping agent removal has been optimized to boost the catalytic efficiency of the composite material.
A Li–In alloy anode and Nb2CTXartificial solid-electrolyte interphase for practical Li metal batteries
Authors: Lee Seung Hun , Kim Mun Sek , Lee Jung-Hoon , Ryu Ji-Hyun , Do Vandung , Lee Byeong Gwon , Kim Woong , Cho Won Il
Published: January 2022

Coupling of a Li–In alloy as an anode with Nb2CTXas an ASEI for practical LMBs.
In situ fabricated MOF–cellulose composite as an advanced ROS deactivator-convertor: fluoroswitchable bi-phasic tweezers for free chlorine detoxification and size-exclusive catalytic insertion of aqueous H2O2
Authors: Goswami Ranadip , Bankar Balasaheb D. , Rajput Sonal , Seal Nilanjan , Pillai Renjith S. , Biradar Ankush V. , Neogi Subhadip
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen-bonded 2D MOF as fluoroswitchable bi-phasic tweezer for free chlorine and size-selective alkene epoxidation catalyst via H2O2 insertion: a smart and greener approach for ROS deactivator-convertor through reconfigurable composite design.
Edge-segregated ternary Pd–Pt–Ni spiral nanosheets as high-performance bifunctional oxygen redox electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Liu Kai , Huang Hongpu , Zhu Yuxin , Wang Shupeng , Lyu Zixi , Han Xiao , Kuang Qin , Xie Shuifen
Published: January 2022

Ultrathin Pd45Pt44Ni11 spiral nanosheets with abundant Pt/Ni-segregated edges exhibit excellent ORR and OER dual-electrocatalysis in alkaline, showcasing a workable air cathode electrocatalyst for high-efficiency and rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
Diluted exciplex concentrations in organic light emitting diodes for blue-shifted spectra and improved efficiency
Authors: Yan Jiakui , Dong Bizheng , Xu Yabo , Zhao Bo , Jin Fangming , Wang Hua , Li Wenlian
Published: January 2022

Diluting exciplex concentrations by adjusting the acceptor ratio or inserting a spacer in organic light emitting diodes for achieving blue-shifted spectra and improved efficiency.
Tutorial for Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT): Theoretical Rationale, Step-by-Step Protocol, and Material Resources
Authors: Sandberg Chaleece W.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

The availability of evidence-based therapies for abstract words is limited. Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT) is theoretically motivated and has been shown to not only improve directly trained abstract words, such as the word
emergency
in the category
hospital,
but also promote generalization to related concrete words, such as the word
doctor
.

Method:

This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions, including cueing strategies, and material resources for conducting AbSANT. Importantly, this tutorial also explains the theoretical motivation behind AbSANT, as well as information regarding the population, dose, and environment characteristics of effective trials, to help clinicians make informed decisions regarding the applicability of this approach and to guide decision-making throughout the steps of therapy.

Conclusions:

AbSANT is an effective, theoretically based treatment for abstract words. This tutorial provides all of the resources needed to conduct AbSANT with clients with aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17776211