bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF USING NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN DENTAL PRACTICE
Authors: Iordanishvili A. K. , Dyagilev A. I. , Risovannaya O. N. , Skorikov V. Yu. , Popkov V. L.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was conducted to assess the awareness of dentists about the questions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as to study the features of their use for the relief of pain syndrome in dental practice.

Materials and methods. By means of the questionnaires were studied 107 dentists working in dental clinics and dental departments of General hospitals, especially their use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief.

Results. It was determined that 85% of doctors use non-selective and moderately selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX), 15%-prefer Cox-2 inhibitor with the pronounced selectivity for pain relief. The highest number of correct answers was given by a group of doctors with work experience from 5 to 10 years (40.3%), the lowest – by doctors with work experience more than 20 years, respectively 40.3% and 36.1% of the total number of doctors from the studied groups.

Conclusion. There was noted that it is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities of pain relief for the improvement of dentists’ work as well as to involve clinical pharmacologists for these purposes.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF STOMATOLOGICAL MATERIAL "RESTAVRIN" BEFORE AND AFTER BACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Kolodkina V. I. , Arutyunov A. A. , Ovsyannikova A. A. , Babichev S. A.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This research was conducted to study the electron microscopic microstructure of the surface of the filling material «Restavrin» coated with the «Easy Glaze» sealant and without it before and after bacterial adhesion by scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and methods. There was studied the microrelief of the plates preliminarily made from a polymeric nano-hybrid filling material («Restavrin», Technodent, Russia) with and without the sealant «Easy Glaze» and without it both in the initial state and after being placed in a medium with microorganisms. The material for microbiological examination (the contents of the gingival sulcus) was taken from 23 patients with a diagnosis of «dentine caries» by sterile turundas. The test material was directly placed near the patient's chair in a Petri dish with enriched blood agar. Nutrient media with inoculations were delivered to the laboratory for further research. After selecting the necessary area for scanning at the same magnification (×200) (the size of the scanned section is 50x68 μm2) at a certain vertical interval, 6-8 horizontal lines for scanning were selected.

Results. Scanning electron microscopy at the end of the 45-day experiment showed that used S.oralis and S.mutans strains (strains isolated from dental patients’ contents of the gingival joint) have a pronounced ability to adhere what indirectly confirms the formation of glucans by them and, accordingly, their cariogenicity. The destructive effect of oral streptococci (S.mutans + S.oralis) on the surface of the filling materials «Restavrin» and «Restavrin» + sealant «Easy Glaze» was experimentally confirmed that clearly manifests itself after 45 days of joining streptococci and filling materials. It should be noted that the restorative material «Restavrin» under the sealant «Easy Glaze» remained nearly intact during the 45-day in vitro experiment.

Conclusion. We consider it advisable to recommend the compulsory covering of the restoration with a sealant because it serves as a kind of barrier protecting the filling material from the effect of oral streptococci. Accordingly, this procedure extends the life of the filling and also ensures the preservation of the aesthetic and mechanical properties of the composite restorations.
THE USE OF PREDICTIVE CYTOLOGICAL FEATURES FOR THE SELECTION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF REGENERATIVE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Perova M. D. , Gaivoronskaya T. V. , Karpyuk V. B. , Sevostyanov I. A. , Shipieva U. A.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was conducted to assess the outcome of the results obtained in the treatment of patients with longterm current periodontitis with individual characteristics of the cytological picture of the microenvironment of damaged periodontal tissues.

Materials and methods. The main study group included 40 patients with chronical periodontitis of the moderate degree (Mo 56, 7 years). The selection of the regenerative treatment in the main group was carried out in accordance with the preliminary express assessment of the cytological picture of the damaged periodontal tissues. The control group, whose indicators were compared with the main clinical indicators, included 43 patients with randomly selected regenerative treatment.

Results. The cell-potential surgical approach statistically induces the growth of new dentogingival junction in patients with critically small amount of morphologically altered neutrophil granulocytes and small cell forms with intense basophilic coloring (≤20%) in cytological samples in comparison with the control decreasing the amount of residual loss of teeth supporting tissues by 2 times.

Conclusion. The preliminary express assessment of the cytological picture of the microenvironment of periodontal pockets indirectly indicates the potential of the patient with periodontitis to restore the missing structures of the periodontal membrane. The choice of the surgical tactics of regenerative treatment, taking into account the characteristics of cellular behavior in cytological samples of patients with periodontitis, is advisable to use as a prognostic test to improve the final results.
RESULTS OF CELL-POTENTIATED SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (10 years of observations)
Authors: Perova M. D. , Karpyuk V. B. , Gaivoronskaya T. V. , Sevostyanov I. A. , Fomichiva E. A. , Shipieva U. A.
Published: October 2018

Aim. The aim of this study is to systematize the scientific knowledge and reconstructed periodontium reliability degree by means of cell-potentiated surgical treatment of patients with the chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods. All 76 patients included in the study (aged 23 to 68 years, Mo 55.3 years) underwent a surgery for directed regeneration of periodontal tissues which was supplemented by transplantation of vascular stromal cell fraction isolated from the patient's adipose tissue (VSF AT). The evaluation of the results of the main periodontal parameters, processed by means of variation statistics in 690 periodontal defects of different topography, was carried out within 10 years.

Results. The use of the VSF AT demonstrated the advantage of the method expressed by the formation of a new timeresistant dentogingival junction with the reconstruction of the alveolar bone with a minimum amount of the marginal recession and the probing depth.

Conclusion. The percentage of positive results in the representative statistical sample was 90.3% in the main group, 75.6% in the control group within 10 years.
ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTIC ACTIVITIES IN PATIENTS WITH DYSFUNCTION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS AND SIGNS OF BRUXISM
Authors: Rubnikovich S. P. , Borodin D. M. , Denisova Yu. L. , Baradina I. N.
Published: October 2018

Aim. The research was conducted to develop and implement the complex of diagnostic activities in patients with dysfunction of temporomandibular joints with signs of bruxism.

Materials and methods. To achieve this aim we conducted a comprehensive diagnosis of 61 patients aged 20-29 years with bruxism and temporomandibular joints dysfunction (TMJD), the patients were divided into two groups. To diagnose and analyze the results of the disease treatment in patients we used a computer analysis with visualization of changes of the osteoarticular surface and parameters of the joint gap in the TMJ. Depending on the ratio of prognostic risk criteria and the development of bruxism, we distinguished the area of low, medium and high level of risk of disease progression.

Results. Comparison of the treatment results of patients with bruxism from two groups in 12-24 months showed that patients from the second group had good treatment results. Patients of the second group underwent a complex of diagnostic activities and its data increased the treatment effectiveness. The results obtained from the treatment of patients from the first group indicate the lack of data from the standard examination of patients with bruxism.

Conclusion. The developed complex diagnostic activities in patients with bruxism in combination with dysfunction of the TMJ and occlusive attrition of teeth allow to assess not only the local status but also to determine the functional state of dentoalveolar system and the cerebral cortex which affects the amount of therapeutic activities in the patient.
USING MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR TREATING GINGIVAL RECESSION IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Rubnikovich S. P. , Denisova Yu. L. , Andreeva V. A. , Panasenkova G. Yu. , Khomich I. S.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This research was conducted to study the type of clinical changes in the diseased periodontal tissues by means of using mesenchymal stem cells for treating gingival recession in the experiment.

Materials and methods. Adipose tissue in a volume of 1-2 ml was sampled from one specimen in sterile conditions in order to obtain allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells before the beginning of the experimental studies. Random-bred female white rats (60 specimens) were used as a model in the experiment. The surgical intervention was performed in the area of incisors on the upper and lower jaws of rats. All animals were divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group) depending on the planned method of the treatment. The control group, intact rats, consisted of 10 laboratory animals with a healthy gingiva. The creation of a model of the experimental gingival recession was carried out by the mechanical V-shaped excision of periodontal tissues.

Results. The experimental studies showed the possibility of complete regeneration of the dentogingival papillae as well as periodontal tissues regeneration in the area of the experimental gingival recession during the first 28 days. Meanwhile, there is a complete absence of inflammatory signs in the 5th group (hyperemia, edema, gingival bleeding), along with their significant decrease in the 3rd and the 4th groups that confirms the pronounced therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and sterile bioplastic collagen material «Collost» (7% gel).

The conclusion. While studying the type of clinical changes in diseased periodontal tissues using mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gingival recession, we established the positive dynamics in the experiment. The decrease in the intensity and prevalence of gingival inflammation starts from the 14th day. On the 28th day there was noted a complete absence of inflammatory signs in the animals after injecting the transplant consisting of the cell suspension on the sterile bioplastic material Collost (7% gel). Furthermore, the significant increase in the regeneration of the gingival margin was observed on the 24th day from the moment of creating the gingival recession model. The complete regeneration of the dentogingival papillae and the absence of the gingival recession were noted on the 38th day of general observation.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEANS PREVENTING THE APPEARANCE OF THE INHIBITED LAYER ON THE SURFACE OF THE COMPOSITE
Authors: Tairov V. V. , Arutunova A. A. , Egunyan K. K. , Kamyshnikova I. O. , Ivashchenko V. A. , Risovannyj S. I.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of preventing the formation of a layer inhibited by oxygen or reducing its amount using various means.

Materials and methods. The study was performed at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the FSBEI HE KubSMU of the Ministry of Health care of Russia and the laboratory instrument factory "Cascade", Krasnodar. The composite Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE, USA) was used for the production of model samples by placing the composite material in clean plastic molds with a diameter of 13.5 mm, thickness of 4 mm and polymerization, the following materials were selected to prevent contact of oxygen with the surface of the composite: glycerin solution, lavsan plate, Teflon tape. For the comparison with the standard method of elimination of the layer inhibited by oxygen we used the finishing of the surface of the composite. The surface hardness of the samples of each group and subgroup was measured using the apparatus-hardness tester PMT-3 by the Vickers method. The multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted in Statistica software 13. The samples were stained separately with a solution of "Lipton" tea from 2015 for 3 years. The degree of pigment deposition was evaluated.

Results. The determining factor in the long-term functioning of the composite restoration is the stability of the surface layer. The results of the study showed the lowest microhardness of the samples from the group without any blockers of oxygen penetration without finishing (56HV), the highest microhardness was in samples from the group covered with Teflon tape with finishing (107HV). The probability value p<0.05 was obtained for all study groups. The results of the color change of the restoration were evaluated in the coloring medium. The assessment of changes in the coloring was carried out for 3 years. The results of staining allowed to confirm the obtained data of the study: 1) the intensity of staining of all samples increases over time, 2) the samples from the groups without glycerin coating were stained to a greater extent before the polymerization, without finishing in comparison with the samples from the groups without glycerin but with finishing, 3) the sample with glycerin coating and finishing was stained the least.

Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study allow us to recommend using the means preventing the formation of the oxygeninhibited later to improve the efficiency of the restoration of the composite and increase the duration of its functioning. Depending on the clinical situation, glycerin, lavsan plate or Teflon tape can be used as oxygen blockers.
Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Zavodovsky B V , Sivordova L E
Published: October 2018

Rheumatic diseases (RD), such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, vasculitis, gout are associated with increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main causes of increased cardiovascular risk are inflammatory heart and vascular lesions, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and side effects of drug therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in clinical practice and are on the list of the most prescribed medications. It is known that NSAIDs have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system (CVS). However NSAIDs may decrease the intensity of inflammation, which is an independent risk risk factor for CVS pathology. Therefore in patients with RD it is theoretically possible to reduce the severity of cardiovascular side effects when using NSAIDs. The article discusses the issues of NSAID’s cardiovascular safety, the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effect of them on CVS, critically evaluated the results of main studies concerning the cardiovascular safety of NSAIDs in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Russian consensus on exoand endocrine pancreatic insufficiency after surgical treatment
Authors: Khatkov I E , Maev I V , Abdulkhakov S R , Alekseenko S A , Alikhanov R B , Bakulin I G , Bakulina N V , Baranovskiy A Yu , Beloborodova E V , Belousova E A , Voskanyan S E , Vinokurova L V , Grinevich V B , Darvin V V , Dubtsova E A , Dyuzheva T G , Egorov V I , Efanov M G , Izrailov R E , Korobka V L , Kotiv B N , Kokhanenko N Yu , Kucheryavyy Yu A , Livzan M A , Lyadov V K , Nikolskaya K A , Osipenko M F , Pasechnikov V D , Plotnikova E Yu , Sablin O A , Simanenkov V I , Tsvirkun V V , Tsukanov V V , Shabunin A V , Bordin D S
Published: October 2018

The Russian consensus on exo - and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency after surgical treatment was prepared on the initiative of the Russian "Pancreatic Club" on the Delphi method. His goal was to clarify and consolidate the opinions of specialists on the most relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment of exo - and endocrine insufficiency after surgical interventions on the pancreas. An interdisciplinary approach is provided by the participation of leading gastroenterologists and surgeons.
Efficiency of vaccine prophylaxis concentrated pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and chronic heart failure
Authors: Ignatova G L , Antonov V N
Published: October 2018

The article uses the analysis of clinical and pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in patients with combined course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). Materials and methods. 429 male patients with diagnoses of COPD, IHD, CHF were included in the study. The main endpoints of observation, for 5 years, for evaluation of effectiveness were dynamic assessment for class CHF, the number of exacerbations, hospitalizations, the number of pneumonias. The 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) Prevenar-13 was used for vaccine prophylaxis. Results and discussion. The increase in age with the combined course of COPD and cardiovascular pathology leads to a deterioration in the basic clinical and functional indicators. With the increase in the clinical symptoms of the defeat of the respiratory system. There is an increase in the functional class of heart failure. Inclusion of vaccine prophylaxis PCV13 in the management plan of patients with combined pathology. Reduce the degree of dyspnea and stabilize the main functional indicators. Conclusions. Vaccination of patients with COPD using PCV13 combined with CHF and IHD made it possible to manage the health system expenses by 74-84%.
Implosion of the Education
Authors: Marinosyan Tigran
Published: October 2018

The strength of the ideological explosion of the beginning of the last century, which led to the destruction of the principles of structural-matrix thinking, standard-stereotyped behavior, undoubtedly also reached the education system. However, according to the author’s opinion, the reason for the beginning of transformations in the sphere of education is not an external impact on the education system. External factors of influence, undoubtedly, contributed to the corrosion of the shell of the education system, but the breakthrough of “mantle of education” could occur due to the centrifugal force of the accumulated internal energy. The boundaries of the closed educational space were unable to keep the critical mass of problems accumulated in education. The implosion of education, as one of the most inertial social systems, was inevitable.If the changes that have taken place in the societies of European countries in the New Age, in particular, led to the transition to a new type of university with a new content, while maintaining its old form, the changes that are currently observed, both in the higher and school education, attest to the gradual destruction of the form of educational institutions, their disclosure from within. The evidence of that is cloud schools, flipped classroom, flipped learning, MOOC with its educational resources and teaching methods: Podcast, Vodcast, Pre-Vodcasting. Despite criticism from representatives of the classical educational system, the popularity of modern teaching models continues to grow.
Status Gizi Berpengaruh Terhadap Anemia Pada Remaja
Authors: nova anfira , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Masalah gizi remaja merupakan kelanjutan dari masalah gizi pada usia anak yaitu anemia defisiensi besi serta kelebihan dan kekurangan berat badan. Anemia pada remaja putri adalah suatu keadaan dimana kadar hemoglobin dlam darah kurang dari normal dimana nilai Hb normal pada remaja putri menurut WHO adalah 12g % (Arisman, 2010). Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang paling umum di seluruh dunia, terutama disebabkan karena defisiensi besi. Anemia adalah keadaan rendahnya jumlah sel darah merah dan kadar hemoglobin atau hematokrit di bawah normal (Brunner & Suddarth, 2000:22).Akibat anemia pada remaja putri yaitu; menurunkan kemampuan dan konsen-trasi belajar, mengganggu pertum-buhan sehingga tinggi badan tidak mencapai maksimal, menurunkan kemampuan fisik, mengakibatkan muka pucat (Ayu Bulan, 2013; Reza Akramipour, 2008 dalam journal “Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among adolescent school girls from Kermasnshah”, western iron).Penderita anemia diperkirakan hampir dua milyar atau 30% dari populasi dunia. Prevalensi anemia di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, yaitu pada remaja wanita 26.50%, wanita usia subur (WUS) 26.9%, ibu hamil 40.1% dan anak balita 47.0%. Di Jawa Tengah tercatat 28% remaja menderita anemia (Depkes RI, 2008)
Denial of Service Attack in Cooperative Networks
Authors: jamal tauseef
Published: October 2018

In Denial of Service (DoS) attack the network resources are either delayed or refused to be assigned to the requesteduser [1]. This may occurs due to verity of reasons, could be intentionally or unintentionally. The unintentional case is quite hardto mitigate. In this paper we will refer the former case in context of cooperative networks. In cooperative networks we relay thedata via intermediate nodes called relays. The relay selection is mechanism [2] need to be devised with focus on mitigatingsuch attacks. In this paper we will enhance the relay selection mechanism address by [3] to propose the novel relay selectionwith emphasis on security of Wireless Local Area Networks.
Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Mencegah Diare
Authors: Suryani Sasanti Indah , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun merupakan bagian dari program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting perilaku mencuci tangan pakai sabun guna mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular seperti ISPA, Flu Burung dan yang paling penting adalah Diare. Diare hingga saat ini masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian hampir di seluruh daerah georafis di dunia. Semua kelompok usia bisa terserang diare, tetapi penyakit berat dengan kematian yang tinggi terutama terjadi pada bayi dan anak.
Afiksasi (AFIKSASI (HARF ZIYĀDAH) PADA NOMINA DALAM BAHASA ARAB)
Authors: Cutri
Published: October 2018

Afiksasi dalam bahasa Arab dapat dibentuk dari kata kerja batang fi'l dengan menambahkan awalan (as-Sabiq), infiks (az-ziyādah) dan config (as-Sabiq wa al-lāhiq). Awalan dan infiks yang digunakan ti bentuk kata benda ism dari batang kata kerja fi'l terdiri dari prefiks mim dan infiks alif, dan config mim dan ta ', konfiks mim dan waw dan konfiks mim dan alif.Makna gramatikal infiks alif memiliki 2 (dua) poin, yakni (1). Timbal balik, dan (2). Noun orang. The gramatikal config mim dan marbūţah ta 'menyatakan alat tersebut. Makna gramatikal config mim dan alif menyatakan alat. Makna gramatikal menambahkan afiks batang dari kata sifat, yaitu prefix hamzah memiliki tiga poin, yakni; (1). Transitif, (2). Intensif, (3). Komparatif. Sedangkan arti gramatikal infiks alif menyatakan orang, sebuah afiks menambahkan yang berdasarkan isme, nomina sendiri, yaitu alif dan nun negara ganda muśannā, konfiks waw dan negara nun arti banyak untuk maskulin (jamak Muzakkar) dan konfiks alif dan negara ta arti banyak untuk feminin (jamak muannaś).
Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun
Authors: Suryani Sasanti Indah , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun merupakan bagian dari program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di rumah tangga. Program PHBS dilaksanakan sebagai upaya pemberdayaan anggota rumah tangga agar sadar, mau, dan mampu melakukan kebiasaan hidup bersih dan sehat. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting perilaku mencuci tangan pakai sabun guna mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular seperti ISPA, Flu Burung dan yang paling penting adalah Diare. . Diare dapat berasal dari kotoran-kotoran dan kuman-kuman seperti dari air kencing, tinja, dan lain-lain. Kuman ini akan membuat manusia sakit apabila ada yang masuk dalam mulut kita, maka dari itu mencuci tangan menjadi hal yang sangat penting untuk mencegah penyakit yang salah satunya adalah kejadian diare.
HOW ARE PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY SUB-SECTOR AGRICULTURE TOMATO ? (A Case for Nagari SalayoTanang Bukik Sileh)
Authors: Azhar Zul
Published: October 2018

This research explains and analyzes the productivity and sustainability of the tomato farm sub-sector. Productivity problems occur when farmers are harvested and falling prices are economically unfavorable to farmers.Furthermore, it will have an impact on sustainability as a tomato production center. Survey was conducted on 100 farmers in Kenagarian SelayoTanang Bukik Sileh. The data were processed using the production model and agricultural costs to observe the productivity and sustainability of the tomato agricultural sub-sector. The research findings show that the input factor is still decreasing return to scale and the productivity is still economically need to be improved. The cost side is not economically efficient yet with the low variable cost coefficient.Therefore, the agriculture sub-sector of dtomat will be threatened by unsustainability, if this happens omission by policy makers. The recommended to the rural government to make the production center rural of tomato and derivative of tomato products in order to maintain the sustainability of tomato production center.
Pemanfaatan Entomopatogenik Fungi Lokal untuk menjaga Kwalitas Sayuran Organik Brastagi
Authors: Sularno Sularno
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memanfaatkan potensi fungi entomopatogen yang ada disekitar lahan tanaman sayuran Brastagi dalam pengendalian hama-hama yang menyerang sayur, sehingga bisa digunakan menjaga kwalitas sayuran organic. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi jamur dengan umpan larva serangga Tenebrio molitor,identifikasi makroskopik terhadap jamur yang ditemukan serta mendeskripsikan manfaat fungi-fungi tersebut dalam perananya sebagai pengendalian hama terpadu secara hayati. Pada tahap lanjut jamur-jamur tersebut dapat dikembangkan untuk diaplikasikan di lapangan sehingga petani bisa mengendalikan hama sayuran tanpa penggunaan pestisida.
Kegunaan Daun Sirsak Sebagai Pembunuh Sel Kanker
Authors: kusumaningrum wuyung , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Daun Sirsak merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai kasiat untuk membunuh penyakit (sel) kanker. Daun sirsak bersifat seperti kemoterapi dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk membunuh sel-sel yang tumbuh abnormal, serta membiarkan sel-sel yang tumbuh normal.
Alzheimer Penyakit Genetik
Authors: yosenia besti , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Alzheimer merupakan manifestasi penyakit seperti dementia yang berangsur-angsur dapat memburuk hingga menyebabkan kematian. Penyebab yang pasti belum diketahui. Beberapa alternative penyebab yang telah dihipotesa adalah intoksidasi logam, gangguan fungsi imunitas, infeksi virus, polusi udara/industry, trauma, neurotrasnmiter, deficit formasi sel-sel filament, prediposisi heriditer. Dasar kelainan patologi penyakit Alzheimer terdiri dari degenaratif neuronal, kematian daerah spesifik jaringan otak ynag mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi dengan penurunan daya ingat secara progresif.
Hyperopic Experimentation: Organizations Learning About Managers Learning About Strategies
Authors: Ganz Scott
Published: October 2018

Offline experiments are central to the design-thinking approach to organizational innovation and are also a core practice in evidence-based management. Organizations use experiments to test new strategies in a low stakes setting. Yet organizations also use experiments to evaluate managers who will implement these strategies \emph{online}. I develop a formal model to demonstrate that these two types of evaluation are fundamentally incompatible. Managers who fear replacement in response to a poor offline outcome will pervert their experiments to maximize the likelihood that they succeed. This saps offline experiments of much of their informational value. I show that if an organization can observe a manager's experimental strategies and the experiment's outcomes \emph{and} can commit ahead of time to an evaluation and replacement rubric, then it can resolve this principal-agent problem. However, if a manager's experimental strategy cannot be credibly communicated, and thus are evaluated solely based on experimental outcomes, the organization faces two risks in its effort to promote effective offline experiments. If the organization replaces managers based on their offline outcomes, then it risks replacing good managers. If the organization never replaces managers, then it risks retaining bad ones. I demonstrate that when experimental outcomes are more certain, replacing managers based on observed offline outcomes produces the best results. When outcomes are less certain, commitment to retention regardless of offline outcomes is best.
Hz. Mevlâna Düşüncesinde Barış Kavramının Sûfî Psikolojisi Açısından Tahlili
Authors: IŞİTAN İbrahim
Published: October 2018

Sûfî gelenek, mânevî
yaşamın merkezi olarak kalbi görür ve nefs ve ruhun kalbi ele geçirmek, kendi
arzu ve isteklerini kalbe yerleştirmek için mücadele ettikleri gerçeğini kabul
eder. Söz konusu bu mücadeleyi gerçekleştirmenin amacı nefsânî ve ruhânî arzu
ve isteklerin insan benini ele geçirme arzusudur. Bu durumun yol açabileceği
içsel kaosa karşı sûfî yaşam tarzının önerdiği model nefse karşı mücâhede etmek
ve ruhî müşâhedeyi kazanmaktır. Böylece içsel barış sağlanır, bireysel ve
sosyal planda sağlıklı davranış kalıpları elde edilir. Bu çerçeveden
bakıldığında yaşadığı dönemden itibaren günümüze kadar Doğu ve Batı dünyasında
etkisini sürdürmüş olan Mevlâna Celaleddin Rumî’nin barış değer yargısının
oluşmasındaki katkısı yadsınamaz bir durum arz etmektedir. Dönemindeki siyasi
ve sosyal olayların karmaşıklığı karşısında Hz. Mevlâna barıştan yana tavır
almış, sosyal anlamda barışın gerçekleşebilmesi için içsel barış ortamının
sağlanması gerektiğine vurgu yapmıştır. Biz de bu tebliğimizde Hz. Mevlâna
düşüncesinde bireysel ve sosyal barışın sağlanmasının ilkelerini kısaca ele
aldık.
Is it time for "Universal Screening" of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women?
Authors: Saroyo Yudianto B
Published: October 2018

N/A
Two-dimensional system of strongly interacting electrons in silicon (100) structures
Authors: Dolgopolov V T
Published: October 2018

Studies of various experimental groups that explore the properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in silicon semiconductor systems ((100) Si-MOSFET and (100) SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells) in the vicinity of the metal–insulator transition are described and critically analyzed. Results are identified that are common to all research: (i) the effective mass of electrons measured at the Fermi level in the metallic region increases as the electron density decreases and, if extrapolated, tends to diverge; (ii) the behavior of the energy-averaged mass in the metallic region is quite different in the two systems: in Si-MOSFETs, it also exhibits a tendency to diverge, while in the SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells it saturates in the limit of low electron densities; (iii) there is a small number (depending on the sample quality) of localized electrons in the metallic phase; (iv) the properties that the electron system exhibits in the insulating phase in the vicinity of the metal–insulator transition are typical of amorphous media with a strong coupling between particles.
Morphological expression of the extrahepatic bile duct. A study in a sample of Colombian mestizo population
Authors: Saldarriaga Tellez Bladimir , Corzo Gomez Edgar Giovanni , Forero Porras Pedro Luis , Ballesteros Acuña Luis Ernesto
Published: October 2018

Background: The great variability of the extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) has clinical-surgical implications. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological expressions of EBD.

Methods and findings

This descriptive study, done by injecting a semi-synthetic (Palatal GP40L 85%; styrene 15%) impregnated with mineral green dye into the gallbladder, to determine the anatomical characteristics and the biometrics of EBD in 33 blocks formed from the supra-mesocolic floor.The gallbladder presented a length of 66.9 ± 1.7 mm. The Hartmann´s Pouch was observed in 16 specimens (50%). The lengths of the cystic duct (CD), common hepatic duct (CHD) and common bile duct (choledoch duct) were 27.8 ± 1.6 mm, 28.6 ± 11.39 mm and 60.6 ± 11.6 mm respectively.

The presence of accessory hepatic ducts (AHD) was found in three samples (9.1%). In 29 specimens  (87.9%) the cystic duct  presented medium length, while in 4 cases (12.1%) the CD was long (P < 0, 05). The trajectory of the lateral oblique of CD was present in 23 cases (69.7%), with statistically significant differences in relation to the other trajectories of the CD (P <0, 05). In 18 samples (55%) the cystic-hepatic union appeared at the level of the middle third of the EBD, while in 15 (45%) cases the union of the CD was low (P<0,05).

Conclusions

The mathematical distribution of the segments of the EBD, carried out in this study, provides reliability to the assessment of the cystic-hepatic junction level. The presence of CHA and the level of the cysto-hepatic junction are important anatomical references, especially in emergency room procedures.
Some Spawning Performance Parameters of Cultured Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, under Brackish Water
Authors: Mashaii Nassrin , Rajabipour Farhad , Jafari Mohamad , Mohammadi Mohammad , Sarsangi Habib , Hosein-Zadeh Homayun , Matinfar Abbas
Published: October 2018

Tilapia is one of the most important cultured fish in the world. However, the gap between seed supplies and farmers' demand is one of the serious limitations for tilapia culturists. Notice about different effective agents on tilapia reproduction might be useful for increasing of production and better management of tilapia hatcheries. In the present study, higher efficiency of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus hatchery was considered based on the impact of sex ratio, stocking density, photoperiod, water salinity and replacement period on spawning performance. Sex ratios 1:1, 1:4 and 1:7 (Male: Female), stocking densities 2, 3.5 and 5 fish/m3, photoperiods 6:18, 12:12 and 18:6 (Light:Dark), water salinities  12, 8, 4 and 0 ppt, also10 and 15 days replacement of breeders were studied. Fecundity,breeder and egg per day,spawning intervals, egg diameter and weight were investigated. Results showed stocking density 5 fish/m3, photoperiod 12:12, 8 ppt water salinity and 10 days replacement had better performance. Sex ratio treatments had similar performance.
Work Motivation in Temporary Organizations: Establishing Theoretical Corpus
Authors: Dwivedula Ravikiran , Bredillet Christophe , Müller Ralf
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to organize this literature, which will facilitate a systematic investigation of work motivation in temporary organizations. First, we highlight the limitations of current theoretical lenses of work motivation specific to temporary organizations. Second, we synthesize three major theories- Event-Systems (E-S) theory, Socio-Technical Systems (STS) Perspective/Job Design, and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to establish the theoretical corpus for our proposed model of work motivation. Our model conceptualizes project work characteristics as an ‘Event’ capable of producing an ‘event outcome’ which is work motivation. This is explained using E-S and STS/ Job Design theories. Propositions are introduced. The moderation effect is explained using ANT. Third, we present the academic contribution of our proposed model.
Sports Education Institutions in Turkey and Their Managerial Effectiveness
Authors: Uğurlu Fatih Mehmet
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the managerial effectiveness of administrators according to the opinions of theacademicians who work in sports sciences faculties in Turkey. In order to collect the opinions of the academicians,the “Managerial Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) Scale” was adopted. The MEE scale consists of 5 subscales and 44matters. The gathered data was analyzed with parametric and non-parametric tests by using SPSS 22.0 packagesoftware. Additionally, in order to determine the level and course of the relationship between the dependent variables,“Pearson correlation analysis” was conducted. To better explain the quality of the determined relationship anddetermine the prediction between MEE scale and its subscales, “multiple regression” analysis was conducted.Considering the opinions of the academicians, significant differences were determined in the gender variable in the“Leadership” subscale (p< 0.05). In the correlation analysis, it was determined that the strongest relationship wasbetween the MEE scale and the “Planning and Decision-making” subscale (r= 0.980; p< 0.001) in a positive way andat very high level. With the regression analysis, four distinct model structures were built with 6 independentvariables (MEE scale and its subscales). As a result of these 4 model structures, it was determined that the subscalewith the strongest prediction of the MEE scale was the “Planning and Decision-making” subscale. Furthermore, itwas determined that this subscale predicted the 96% of the variance of MEE scale (R2=0.960).
Cost‐effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for microsatellite instability–high/mismatch repair–deficient metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Chu Jacqueline N. , Choi Jin , Ostvar Sassan , Torchia James A. , Reynolds Kerry Lynn , Tramontano Angela , Gainor Justin F. , Chung Daniel C. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Hur Chin
Published: October 2018

Background

Patients with microsatellite instability–high (MSI‐H)/mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) show a significant response to checkpoint inhibitor therapies, but the economic impact of these therapies is unknown. A decision analytic model was used to explore the effectiveness and cost burden of MSI‐H/dMMR mCRC treatment.

Methods

The treatment of hypothetical patients with MSI‐H/dMMR mCRC was simulated in 2 treatment scenarios: a third‐line treatment and an exploratory first‐line treatment. The treatments compared were nivolumab, ipilimumab and nivolumab, trifluridine and tipiracil (third‐line treatment), and mFOLFOX6 and cetuximab (first‐line treatment). Disease progression, drug toxicity, and survival rates were based on the CheckMate 142, study of TAS‐102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapies (RECOURSE), and Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Southwest Oncology Group 80405 trials. The analyzed outcomes included survival (life‐years), quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results

Ipilimumab with nivolumab was the most effective strategy (10.69 life‐years and 9.25 QALYs for the third line; 10.69 life‐years and 9.44 QALYs for the first line) in comparison with nivolumab (8.21 life‐years and 6.76 QALYs for the third line; 8.21 life‐years and 7.00 QALYs for the first line), trifluridine and tipiracil (0.74 life‐years and 0.07 QALYs), and mFOLFOX6 and cetuximab (2.72 life‐years and 1.63 QALYs). However, neither checkpoint inhibitor therapy was cost‐effective in comparison with trifluridine and tipiracil (nivolumab ICER, $153,000; ipilimumab and nivolumab ICER, $162,700) or mFOLFOX6 and cetuximab (nivolumab ICER, $150,700; ipilimumab and nivolumab ICER, $158,700).

Conclusions

This modeling analysis found that both single and dual checkpoint blockade could be significantly more effective for MSI‐H/dMMR mCRC than chemotherapy, but they were not cost‐effective, largely because of drug costs. Decreases in drug pricing and/or the duration of maintenance nivolumab could make ipilimumab and nivolumab cost‐effective. Prospective clinical trials should be performed to explore the optimal duration of maintenance nivolumab.
Unstimulated Adult Human B Cells Include an IL‐10+ Population with Suppressive Properties and an Activated Phenotype
Authors: Šunina Marina , Kaleviste Epp , Uibo Raivo , Kisand Kai
Published: October 2018

B cells with regulatory properties have been recently identified and described in different immune disorders, including autoimmunity, infection, cancer, and allergy. in vitro studies of regulatory B cells are usually performed following prolonged cell culture and stimulation in order to obtain B cells capable of IL‐10 secretion. We describe the isolation of viable IL‐10‐positive B cells directly from ex vivo unstimulated samples using the IL‐10 secretion assay from Miltenyi Biotec, which was originally designed for IL‐10‐positive T cell analysis and isolation. IL‐10‐positive B cells from unstimulated samples represented approximately 2% of all B cells in healthy individuals, suppressed T cell proliferation and were enriched for surface markers of B cell activation. This tool has a potential to boost functional studies of IL‐10‐secreting B cells in health and disease. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A brief appraisal of computational modeling of antimicrobial peptides’ activity
Authors: Mondal Jagannath
Published: October 2018

We present a brief overview of computer simulations over the span of last two decades that have made some serious attempts in providing key insights toward the mechanistic aspects of antimicrobial peptides and biomimetic peptides. We review some of the success stories of computational modeling of antimicrobial activity and also point toward the present shortcomings of the current approaches. Finally, we shed light upon the future potential directions that computational approach can adopt toward direct and closer comparisons with experiments on antimicrobial activity.
Black soybeans protect human keratinocytes from oxidative stress‐induced cell death
Authors: Yoon Young , Lee Yoon‐Mi , Song Sooji , Lee Yu Young , Yeum Kyung‐Jin
Published: October 2018

Black soybeans are functional foods containing a variety of bioactives such as isoflavones, carotenoids, tocopherols, phenolic acid as well as anthocyanins. Here, we examined whether Cheongja#3 black soybean extract has a protective effect on oxidative stress‐induced cell death in human keratinocytes HaCaT. First, we identified fat‐soluble bioactives in three varieties of soybean extracts (Saedanbaek, Daechan, and Cheongja#3). In particular, black soybean Cheongja#3 had high amounts of lutein than other varieties. We demonstrated that Cheongja#3 extract reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, Cheongja#3 protected cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative stress and triggered cell death determined by cell viabilities and apoptotic caspase activities. Next, we identified the underlying mechanism is due to increased Nrf2 antioxidant system by Cheongja#3, thus increasing the expression of heme oxygenases (HO)‐1. These results indicated that Cheongja#3 soybean extract has protective role against oxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf‐2 antioxidant system in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.
Systematic review of efficacy with extending contraceptive implant duration
Authors: Thaxton Lauren , Lavelanet Antonella
Published: October 2018

Background

Extending contraceptive implant duration of use increases accessibility by maximizing the lifetime of devices.

Objectives

To review the contraceptive efficacy during extended use of progestin implants.

Search strategy

PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles in any language, 1996–2017, utilizing terms for devices and contraceptive efficacy.

Selection criteria

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case–control studies were included; abstracts, posters, and presentations were excluded. Studies evaluating Norplant and implants currently in pre‐marketing trials were excluded.

Data collection and analysis

Titles and abstracts of articles were reviewed; those that met inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent full text review and data abstraction.

Main results

The search identified 2951 articles; six met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies evaluated the etonogestrel implant (Implanon), and one the levonorgestrel implant (Jadelle). One RCT randomized to method, not duration; the remaining studies were prospective cohort studies. Three studies analyzed efficacy among women beyond currently approved duration separately. All studies were of poor to fair quality by United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPTF) grading. Limitations include lack of generalizability and control of important confounders.

Conclusion

These studies provide limited data for extended duration of contraceptive implants.
MiR302c, Sp1, and NFATc2 regulate interleukin‐21 expression in human CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes
Authors: El‐Said Hassan , Fayyad‐Kazan Mohammad , Aoun Rabab , Borghol Nada , Skafi Najwa , Rouas Redouane , Vanhamme Luc , Mourtada Mohamad , Ezzeddine Mohamad , Burny Arsène , Fayyad‐Kazan Hussein , Badran Bassam
Published: October 2018

Interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) is a cytokine with potent regulatory effects on different immune cells. Recently, IL‐21 has been contemplated for use in the treatment of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating human IL‐21 gene expression has not yet been described. In this study, we initially studied the promoter region and identified the transcription start site. We thereafter described the essential region upstream of the transcription start site and showed the in vivo binding of NFATc2 and SP1 transcription factors to this region, in addition to their positive role in IL‐21 expression. We also studied the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating IL‐21 expression. We, thus, established the miRNA profile of CD4+CD45RO+ versus CD4+CD45RA+ isolated from healthy volunteers and identified a signature composed of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs. We showed that miR‐302c is able to negatively regulate IL‐21 expression by binding directly to its target site in the 3′‐untranslated region. Moreover, after using fresh human CD4‐positive T cells, we observed the high acetylation level of histone H4, an observation well in line with the already described high expression of IL‐21 in CD4+CD45RO+ versus CD4+CD45RA+ T cells. Altogether, our data identified different molecular mechanisms regulating IL‐21 expression.