bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Challenges of Business Translation with Reference to English and Arabic: A Product-Oriented Approach
Authors: Mohammed Ameen Jalal Abdulazeez , Sherwani Kawa Abdulkareem
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate the various types of challenges and limitations at semantic levels that translators face in the business and economic translation products of tenders and bids from English into Arabic. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of four tenders of business documents was collected from a variety of national and international non-governmental organizations such as the bilingual specialized texts that were published between 2019 and 2020 in Iraq, specifically in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. The study relies on Holmes’ map (1988) of descriptive translation studies, developed by Toury (1995). To answer the research questions: how does a translator deal with specialised terminologies and expressions in translating business tenders and bids and what effect and role do semantic changes play in business and economic translation products? The study employs the analytical-descriptive translation methodology in analysing business texts. The analysis of business and economic texts has revealed that inaccurate synonyms at the semantic level, such as using different synonyms and translating semantic collocations, appear more frequently than other issues in translating business texts in the target language. The findings of the study have indicated that business and economic terms may have more than one accurate and faithful translation. Nevertheless, one translation can be appropriate and accurate. The study has concluded that cultural phenomena rarely appear in business and economic tenders and bids in comparison with other areas of economic and business texts, e.g., metaphors and idioms in general business texts.
Exploring EFL’s Effective Writing Strategies at Intermediate Level
Authors: Mohammed Suha Idrees
Published: November 2023

Many students find difficulty in writing. Teaching writing is more difficult than teaching other language skills especially to EFL students because the students have limited knowledge of the foreign language and they do not have enough experiences in it. Writing is not an easy task, for this reason, the present study aims at highlighting and suggesting some strategies to provide the students with information and to help them to write successfully. It also aims at developing students’ knowledge about writing effectively and encourage them to gain confidence and overcome the difficulties. The present study hypothesizes that the new strategies for writing have a good and positive impact on the students’ performance. The procedures used in the current study are summarized as follows: A theoretical background of the writing process and effective writing in general is presented. Collecting new strategies for writing from different available sources to help student to overcome the difficulty in their writing. The study concludes with some suggestions for further research.
Criticism of Metathesis in Al-Ubab Alzakhir by Al-Saghani
Authors: فياض سميرة حمد , جرو علي مطر
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to reveal and study one of the phenomena of Arabic that occupied linguistic thought in the past and present, which is the phenomenon of metathesis in which the ancient linguists wrote many books and the modern scholars made it their concern and wrote researches and studies through a heritage dictionary which is called Al-Ubab Alzakhir by Alsaghani. This dictionary involves words Alsaghani dealt with in criticism which manifest metathesis. This led the researcher to conduct a critical study that reveals the depth of linguistic thought in general and the lexical thought in particular of Al-Saghani in his dictionary.
Constructing parallelism in the Kurdish contextual poetic manuscript namely Salim Sahibqran . (This research paper is precised from doctoral dissertation)
Authors: Rstam Ari Osman , Mohammed Dilshad Ali
Published: November 2023

Parallelism is one of the significant literary devices which are crucially employed to analysis literary discourse. Formalists look at it as key component to construct meaningful poetic script. Consequently, it leads to produce harmonization and establishing of the linguistic component of the text .This rhythm happens once the parallelism is inherently natural dissimilar to it is produced with effort. As long as the parallelism is dominantly perceived, it will prominently regulate the superlative of the written text. The study deals with constructing parallelism in the Kurdish contextual poetic manuscript namely (Salim Sahibqran) which is outlined from a doctoral dissertation .The study presents the theoretical background of the parallelism from the perspective of formalists to construct a poetic manuscript .Furthermore it is also employed as methodology of the study to analyze a bunch of poems from the stated poet. The study sheds light on the decisive point which is a distinction between parallelism and deviation. These two terms have been used in the literarily critical analysis of Kurdish texts and poetic manuscripts as an interrelated concepts, whereas the study has declared that parallelism is an independent literary device.
Types of nostalgia and its causes
Authors: Aziz Saman Jalal , Sabir Mohammed Azaldin
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate the various types of challenges and limitations at semantic levels that translators face in the business and economic translation products of tenders and bids from English into Arabic. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of four tenders of business documents was collected from a variety of national and international non-governmental organizations such as the bilingual specialized texts that were published between 2019 and 2020 in Iraq, specifically in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. The study relies on Holmes’ map (1988) of descriptive translation studies, developed by Toury (1995). To answer the research questions: how does a translator deal with specialised terminologies and expressions in translating business tenders and bids and what effect and role do semantic changes play in business and economic translation products? The study employs the analytical-descriptive translation methodology in analysing business texts. The analysis of business and economic texts has revealed that inaccurate synonyms at the semantic level, such as using different synonyms and translating semantic collocations, appear more frequently than other issues in translating business texts in the target language. The findings of the study have indicated that business and economic terms may have more than one accurate and faithful translation. Nevertheless, one translation can be appropriate and accurate. The study has concluded that cultural phenomena rarely appear in business and economic tenders and bids in comparison with other areas of economic and business texts, e.g., metaphors and idioms in general business texts.
Semantic Challenges of Business Translation with Reference to English and Arabic: A Product-Oriented Approach
Authors: Husean Tara Yaseen
Published: November 2023

This research discusses the tagged (the aesthetic of the senses in the poems of Tayeb Jabbar ). The foundations of aesthetics and Senses in lit erary according to the analytical and descriptive approach. The content of the research consists of two main parts The first chapter consists of two theoretical parts. 1- aesthetic dimension 2- Tayeb Jabbar The second chapter deals with both, the title of the research and the applied chapter, addressing the exach explanation of the five effects to the senses, in terms of employment and their achieve creativity in the embodiment of artistic painting the borrowed image. The conclusion Summarized the most important findings of the research with a list of Sources.
Writing English Composition and Roundtable Teaching Technique
Authors: Taha Wassan Amer , Majeed Nahida Taha
Published: November 2023

Roundtable is a technique that consists of two-step cooperative learning structures. In step one, the teacher asks a question with many possible answers, and in step two the students respond in turn to make a list of possible answers for the questions. Writing composition is an advanced process that allows writers to explore thoughts and ideas and make them visible and concrete. It is a form of thinking . Although, the brains process ideas in different ways: mathematically, musically and visually; the use of language is the basis of all thinking (Nazario et al ,2010:5) . This research sheds light on the importance of using roundtable technique in teaching writing composition for EFL students. It consists of three sections: section one is related to writing composition, section two deals with the skill of English composition, and section three is related to Roundtable technique. Finally, the researcher ends up with some conclusions
INVESTIGATING KURDISH EFL STUDENT’S TRANSLATION OF METAPHORICAL EXPRESSIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors: Rasul Bahzad Amin , Abbas Abbas Mustafa
Published: November 2023

The current study is an extracted paper from an MA thesis that relates to exploring the ability of Kurdish undergraduate students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to translate English metaphorical expressions into Kurdish Language and vice versa. Furthermore, it aims to highlight the most frequently applied strategies in translating English and Kurdish metaphorical expressions and the challenges that EFL students encounter in their translations. The study adopts three models: Lakoff and Jonson (1980), Larson (1984), and Farahzad (1992). Based on these models, a test is administered to 143 students to gather the quantitative data. Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted with six university lecturers to collect the qualitative data. The results show that the ability of Kurdish EFL students at the Colleges of Basic Education/English Department to translate English and Kurdish metaphorical expressions is very low and minimal. Moreover, the most frequently applied strategies are metaphor to another metaphor with the same meaning and transference of meaning without the metaphorical image for Kurdish and English metaphorical expressions, respectively. It also reveals that the majority of the students have difficulty in translating ontological types of metaphorical expressions, and the inability to find appropriate or near-like equivalents, insufficient Kurdish resources and cultural differences between the source and target languages are challenges that EFL university students face in their translations.
Lexical Broadening Process of English Cosmetics advertisements: A Lexical Pragmatic Study
Authors: Hamdan Hadeer Shihab , Rijia Khalil Ismail
Published: November 2023

if it is employed in the suitable manner. Cosmetics ads have an integral part of our daily lives since the arrival of internet. Accordingly, there still exists an obvious gap to be filled by approaching these ads from the perspective of lexical pragmatics (henceforth LP). The problem addressed in the current study is simply represented by the sort of uncertainty that may exist over the type of lexical broadening processes employed by the designers of these ads and the strategies they employ to influence their consumers and get them involved into these ads. The present paper aims to investigate the lexical broadening processes employed by the advertisers to construct their intended meanings and messages. This study is based on the hypotheses that the advertisers depend heavily on lexical broadening processes to convey their ideas and intended messages. It is also hypothesized that by using various lexical broadening processes, the advertisers express the intended meaning in their ads. The selected cosmetics ads have been analyzed in the light of Wilson and Carston )2007( model. The analysis of the selected ads has shown that the advertisement-markers depend on lexical broadening processes because they are heavily used in the selected ads.
Assessing Implicit Question Formations in English and its Realization in Arabic
Authors: Kamil Dina Fahmi
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on question formation in English and Arabic and studies questions formation in English and the realization in Arabic. It also focuses on semantic uses of this phenomenon that are limitedly used in Arabic in everyday use and it may be limited to religious texts. However, because of its low prevalence in Arabic, as well as its grammatical structure that coincides with declarative rather than interrogative question. This complicates the process of translating English questions into Arabic. Regarding the hypothesis of the study, it is hypothesized that the majority of students will face a difficulty in translation because interrogatives have its different structures in both languages. This leads the students to commit many errors in the process of translation. To tast the hypothesis, 12 sentences were given randomly to the 20 students of the 4th year of English Ddepartment at Al-Hamdanyia University for the academic year 2020- 2021 to discover their abilities in translating questions. To conclude, most of the students are unable to provide the exact equivalents in Arabic because of its different structure from English
The Enrichment of the English Language with New Vocabulary Words
Authors: Saleem Al-Nuaimi Hashim Saadoon , Abdulla Al-Mahjoob Nawaf Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This research is intended to wade through all the spheres of how English is enriched with new vocabulary words. Increasing vocabulary is possibly realised through the word-formation processes. The process of word formation implies many devices which are listed and explained in the second section. Each device of forming new words is dealt with separately. All word formation devices except that one of borrowing are done within the very language, here English, whereas borrowing is always achieved by importing words from other languages. The reason behind electing this subject is to expose the readers and, especially, the learners of English to a new material necessary in their study. The researchers are keen to forward the subject in a total way including all information crucial to create successful results
Robert Herrick’s Daffodils, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Flower and Abdulla Goran’s Ivy Flower: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hasan Mariwan
Published: November 2023

This paper intends to highlight the similarities in three poems by three different poets coming from different times and places - Robert Herrick’s poem, “To Daffodils”, Percy Bysshe Shelly’s poem, “The flower that smiles today” (mutability), and Abdulla Goran’s poem, “To the Ivy Flowers”. It endeavours to depict the influence that Shelly and Herricks’ poems had on the Kurdish poet Goran in composing his poem. Herrick’s poem was first published in the 17th century in English Language, although Shelley’s Poem was published in the 19th century in England, yet its language is English, too. The influence of the English language and English writers generally and the influence of Shelly and Herrick, particularly is clearly seen in Goran’s poem. This study for the first time points out that there is the high possibility of the influence of two poems on Goran in composing his poem, “To the Ivy Flowers”, which shows the novelty of this study as no scholar so far has said two English Writers influenced him in writing this poem. This is a comparative study relying on the French school of comparative literature. The Kurdish poet, Goran was influenced by both Shelley and Herrick. The paper intends to see to which degree is Goran influenced by the two poems, and why particularly by those two English poets. The study relies on comparative, descriptive and textual analysis approaches to examine meaning, content and style of the three poems to demonstrate the aesthetics of the three poems
A Contrastive Study of The Effect of Initial /s/ on the Voice Onset Time (VOT) of Following Stops in English, Kurdish and Kurdish EFL Learners
Authors: Naser Lureen Ibrahim , Saaed Saaed Adris
Published: November 2023

When an initial /s/ precedes a voiceless stop in English, the aspiration is lost, and the voice onset time (VOT) is significantly shortened. This causes an allophonic variation of English stops based on context. This paper intends to comparatively investigate this phenomenon in English, Kurdish and Kurdish EFL learners from two proficiency levels. (40) participants which are divided among four groups (Kurdish, English, learners G1 and learners G2) are asked to read lists of words including voiceless stops preceded by /s/, constructed in English and Kurdish. Each stop in the list has two examples followed by a high and a low vowel. All the participants are asked to repeat each word three times to provide three tokens. These productions are recorded and VOT values are acoustically measured. Results are then statistically analyzed to check the significance of variable interactions. Results have shown that Kurdish voiceless stops preceded by /s/ are more aspirated than those of English in similar contexts and thus produced with longer VOT values. This indicates that Kurdish learners need to modify their voiceless stop production when speaking English. Results also show that advanced Kurdish learners have improved at pronouncing the aspirated English stop variety, but they still produce it with a noticeably extended VOT.
The Concept of cooperating Dialogue in Imam Al-Ghazali
Authors: رشيد هدى صلاح , عزيز نعمان محمد , عثمان مصطفى عائشة محمد
Published: November 2023

The concept of cooperating dialogic is the most important one in which the theory of verbal acts relies, and this concept for Grace constitutes the backbone of verbal activity, as it enables interlocutors to ensure uninterrupted communication, so each part of the discourse admits to itself and to others the right to take turn of speaking, and perhaps the lack of understanding between the interlocutors is due to the absence of that mutual recognition from the beginning. We note that this concept and its ramifications acquire a social and moral dimension, as it helps in the organic control of social relations, as we find that the tyranny of private interests among the interlocutors may expose this concept to danger. We have noticed that this concept, which is said by the Western modernists, has its origins rooted in the Arabs since ancient times, so we dealt with the study of Imam Al-Ghazali, revealing Imam Al-Ghazali’s knowledge of his reliance on it in explaining human relations with each other and organizing society based on this concept.
Ibrahim Najee's poetry (1899 M _ 1953 M) Semantics clarity and language smoothness
Authors: ابو بكر هيرش عمر , محمد علي عبدالرحمن
Published: November 2023

These lines illustrate the language is understandable smoothness and semantic clarity in Ibrahim Najee's poetry, and how was the poet able to bring down the language from its ivory tower and impenetrable fortress to this easy abstaining in this technical way and conscious ability, This is what the receiver reach it whatever what was his knowledge obtain, herein after Najee's genius appears in communicating his ideas clearly, furthermore language smoothness that flowing from its proportionality.
The structure of the novel character In the novel "The Ring of Sand" by the storyteller Fouad Al-Takarli - an applied study
Authors: Hassan Khalaf Adiba Ajeel
Published: November 2023

The Flandra Road novel is one of the most famous works of the French writer Claude Simon, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1985. His novel, which dates back to 1960, is full of indications that show the extent to which the writer was affected by the horrors of war, especially the First and Second World Wars. He is a soldier who escaped from Nazi prisons. In addition to being greatly affected by France's defeats in wars ago. This is what left its influence on the plot of Flandra Road and the linguistic style used in it. The reader of the novel finds himself in front of unfamiliar linguistic methods, the writer's intention to include them in a way that draws attention, as if it is an implicit message that needs to be read between its lines, and this is the goal of the research that sheds light on three themes that were chosen to be studied and analyzed in order to know the motives for their appearance in this text. The writer deliberately fragmented the language in the narrative text. For example, the narrator appears once with the pronoun (I) and again with the pronoun (he), which refers to George, the main character, who is lost with his companions in the forests of Flandra. The second theme of the research deals with the frequent use of the subject's noun and the relationship of this use with the writer's influence on drawing and photography. As for the last axis, it deals with punctuation marks that disappear in some places, such as: comma, period, and quotation marks, especially in direct speech, or those that are repeated, such as parentheses, for example, in many passages within the novel.
Argumentative links and confrontations in the art of rhetoric between The Pre-Islamic era and the early Islamic era
Authors: محمد روية عبدالله
Published: November 2023

Al-Hajjaj is a mechanism as old as man himself, but it is renewable by its nature, due to the need of life for it in all its aspects, which gives it a strong renewable energy. Old and renewed , the research approach lost the study of argumentative links and directives in the art of rhetoric between the pre-Islamic era and the era of early Islam, updating an argumentative comparison between the sermons in the two eras to reveal the similarities and differences brought about by the new religion and imposed by the nature of life, since the sermons are a linguistic and literary wealth issued by different queens that had their goals that It varied with the diversity of goals and objectives, and it was also the guide that the Arabs relied on in guiding individuals and groups since the pre-Islamic era, so it remained dominant and authoritarian even after the advent of Islam.
Image manifestations in the poetic realism of Yahya bin al-Hakam al-Ghazal
Authors: حمد البياتي ياسر رشيد
Published: November 2023

In our research, we dealt with an important personality from Andalusia famous for its beauty and magic, and he is the poet (Yahya bin Hakam Al-Ghazal Al-Andalusi). The research relied primarily on (Divan of Yahya ibn al-Hakam al-Ghazal, collection and investigation by Dr. Muhammad Radwan al-Daya - Dar al-Fikr, Damascus, Syria) 1st edition, 1993 AD, as well as the book (Yahya ibn Hakam al-Ghazal, Prince of the Poets of Andalusia in the third century AH and ambassador of the Prince of Andalusia to the Emperor of Constantinople and King of the Normans 250 AH - 864 AH) authored by Muhammad Salih al-Bundaq, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Jadidah (Beirut - 1979 AD). And other sources, and this study adopted an artistic approach based on attracting poetic texts and analyzing them to show the places of beauty in which the artistic image was evident, in addition to that other studies are presented in the folds of the pages. The poetic image he has, and the second topic, marked by (realism in the poetry of the deer), came to study the realism in the poet's poetry and the manifestations of the poetic image in the most important purposes for which he wrote the deer.
The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry
Authors: Omar Serbaz Majeed , Hamadameen Yadgar Rasool
Published: November 2023

If Kurdish poetry was dominated by Persian and Arabic poetry in the classical period, in the modern period, either directly or indirectly, through Turkish literature, it has been influenced by European literature. The sonnet as a European poetic form has been used by Kurdish modernist poets, especially rhymes of the sonnet fragments. This research, entitled "The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry", is an attempt to present the reflection and the use of the form and rhyme of the sonnet in the poetry of Kurdish modernist poets, who renewed Kurdish poetry between 1918 and 1970. The research problem is related to the novelty of the sonnet form and rhyme and its application in Kurdish Modern poetry. Sonnets have been discussed in previous studies more in terms of rhyme because they are rarely constructed as they are in terms of form. However, Kurdish modernist poets have worked on the structure of the sonnet with many techniques, innovations and variations, which requires a more detailed and comprehensive study. For this reason, the study is based on the literary theories and employs qualitative descriptive analysis approach in order to investigate the texts used the framework of sonnet forms and employed sonnet rhymes.
Greeting strategy in the speech of the Duhok Region Sociolinguistic research
Authors: Ahmed Dilveen Miqdad , Muhammad Dara Hamid
Published: November 2023

Linguistics in this era have proven that people use the Language only in the exchanging information and yet the Language users working on approving appropriate delivery strategy to the parties and the existing environment, in which verbal exchange is approved or the difficulty of generalizing all differences that exist between languages in all cultures, for instance, peace cultures are not the same. This research is entitled, The greeting strategy in the speech of people of Duhok. A Linguistic social research that works on the role of salutation as a social, cultural and human expression, where there are styles and various strategies are distinguished according to the variety, while fulfilling the duty of demonstrating and establishing a spirit of cooperation, sleep and trust among people.
The Use of Homeland Voice in Warsan Shire's "Home" Poem: Analytical Study
Authors: Khalifa Majeed Hammadi
Published: November 2023

This study deals with the diasporic poet Warsan Shire from the point of view of her use of country voice in her poem "Home", to address the horrible situation of refugees. Diasporic literary writers' depictions of home and its complexities are influenced by Africa's painful historical experience with slavery and racial oppression. Despite the host nation's influences on African migrants, the sordid effects of ethnic conflicts lead to writers' disillusionment, which leads them to indulge in sentimental nostalgia for their home of origin. Through studying Shire’s "Home" poem, to examine the country voice in the feelings of refugees' poets, there is a hidden voice of home in the lines of Shire's poem. This study aims to argue for the voice of home through the analysis of Shire’s poem "Home". Also, it will focus on similar situations when home is also running with the people, as if he senses their problem and farewells them to a safer place. In addition, this study looked at how diasporic poets identify with the voice of their nation by using Foucauldian theory of power and the qualitative method of analysis to shed light on how diasporic immigrants behave. Warsan shire argues that nostalgia is an internal feeling of hearing the voice of home and yearning for the native place. The study concludes that there is some hidden relationship between the refugees and their native home, both as an internal relationship and as a feeling of belonging to their native country.
FINANÇAS PESSOAIS: UM COMPARATIVO ENTRE ACADÊMICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DE DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DA CIDADE DE MANAUS
Authors: Brelaz Lukas de Carvalho , Santos Andreia Brasil
Published: November 2023

A gestão de finanças pessoais é um tema muito comum na área de ciências sociais. Entretanto, é uma necessidade que também deve chegar aos profissionais de outras áreas, como a área da saúde, por exemplo. No caso do Brasil, o acervo de pesquisas acadêmicas e mesmo o estudo das finanças pessoais como disciplina ainda é muito escasso. Os alunos do curso de Educação Física, por exemplo, não possuem esse conteúdo em sua estrutura curricular. O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as diferenças na gestão das finanças pessoais entre acadêmicos de Educação física de Instituições de Ensino Superior, sendo uma de rede pública e outra de rede privada. Constatou-se que os acadêmicos de Educação Física em geral, possuem um grau de educação financeira baixo e ainda buscam atingir sua independência financeira. Conclui-se que o acadêmico de rede pública possui o hábito de gerir suas finanças de maneira mais controlada enquanto busca por novas fontes de renda, estando preocupado em pagar suas contas e ajudar financeiramente em casa, enquanto os acadêmicos da rede privada, possui características socioeconômicas que lhe possibilitariam uma melhor gerência de suas finanças, mas acabam por preferirem se acomodar, além de terem um comportamento de compra mais impulsivo.
Avaliação do risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em estudante do curso de medicina
Authors: Santos Christina de Almeida dos , Cordás Táki Athanássios , Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister Martins , Esteves Roberto Zonato
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em estudantes do sexo feminino, do curso de Medicina, de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Curitiba – PR. Métodos: Foram amostrados 106 estudantes, predominantemente do ciclo básico (1º ao 8º período), a maioria reside com familiares, com faixa de peso dentro da normalidade e demonstrando interesse em participar de serviço de apoio aos Transtornos Alimentares. Foi utilizado o questionário Eating AttitudeTest (EAT-26), preenchido de forma virtual através de e-mails contendo o link da pesquisa, enviados pela própria Instituição. Resultados: A partir do teste EAT-26, 26,4% da amostra apresentou rastreio positivo (pontuação superior a 21), fato que denota considerável vulnerabilidade ao desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares, como a anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa. Esses valores são condizentes com os achados de outros estudos, que utilizaram o mesmo teste, inclusive em estudantes de Medicina. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há risco positivo para desenvolvimento de Transtornos Alimentares em estudantes de Medicina do sexo feminino, na amostra estudada, pois nesta fase existe uma grande preocupação com a aparência, tamanho e forma corporais, à qual se superpõe os fatores de estresse relacionados ao curso de graduação em Medicina.
Dermoscopy in primary and secondary syphilis: A report of three cases
Authors: Ankad Balachandra Suryakant , Hurakadli Sahana Siddalingappa , Nikam Balkrishna P.
Published: November 2023

Dermoscopy is non-invasive tool as a diagnostic adjunctive in clinical dermatology. It demonstrates definitive features in infective and inflammatory dermatoses. Syphilis is emerging again as newly diagnosed cases are being reported and treated across the country. There is a sparsity in the dermoscopic reports in syphilis. It shows characteristic patterns in primary and secondary syphilis. However, dermoscopic monitoring of syphilitic lesions is lacking in the literature. Here, we report cases of syphilis with treatment monitoring by dermoscopy.
“Beakers versus botanicals” – Analyzing the efficacy of homemade skincare in comparison to manufactured skincare products
Authors: Lalchand Thejalakshmi Chettyparambil , Joseph Jijo
Published: November 2023

In the age of urbanity where skin and hair portray one’s confidence and health, it is of paramount importance to make the right choices when it comes to deciding skincare products that one should use. These days, pharmacies provide a vast array of solutions tailored to specific skin concerns, but naturopaths and practitioners of traditional skincare still admire homemade skincare remedies, frequently referred to as do-it-yourself skincare. The quest over efficacy versus sustainability is often a state of dilemma when choosing among these products. In this literature review, we will review the published articles to determine the effectiveness of both homemade skincare methods and the pharmaceutically manufactured skincare products used under dermatological surveillance, along with the comparison and benefits that they have on the skin.
TOKENIZATION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AS AN INNOVATIVE DIRECTION OF FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Belinska Yanina , Onyshko Svitlana , Dyuk Rostyslav
Published: November 2023

This article examines the basic principles of applying the technology of tokenization of financial assets, which is gaining popularity in the sectors of business analytics, fintech, e-commerce, and many others, with the aim of transforming capital markets. It considers the types of tokenization and their corresponding characteristics, reveals the algorithm for issuing a tokenized asset, and systematizes the positive and negative consequences of using tokenization in the process of circulation of financial assets in terms of individual subjects of the financial market. On this basis, it identifies restraining factors of the use of tokenization technology and the development of the tokenized financial market as a strategic direction of its development.
FACTORS AND PREREQUISITES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION AND FINTECH DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Paslavska Roksolana , Loik Roman , Klek Anatoliy
Published: November 2023

The fintech system is a relevant and important component of society's life, as it concerns the use of digital technologies in all business processes, including in the field of taxation. Digital technologies in tax administration contribute to more comfortable and convenient interaction between taxpayers and tax authorities, reducing administrative costs, and increasing the efficiency of tax administration. Various means of digitization, such as electronic tax declarations, online payments, electronic receipts and others, make the process of tax administration more transparent and efficient. The article highlights the factors and prerequisites for the development of the fintech system in tax administration in Ukraine. The article describes the main directions of digitalization of the domestic tax administration system. The peculiarities of the functioning of the taxpayer's electronic office, the online service "Pulse", the chat-bot "Infotax", and the E-excise system are characterized in the article. Perspective directions of digitalization in the field of taxation in Ukraine are defined. This article determined the main advantages and disadvantages of the digitalization of the tax administration system in Ukraine. The reduction of costs for the administration of tax payments and the improvement of the efficiency of the work of tax authorities are the main advantages of the digitalization of tax administration. Significant budget expenditures for the modernization and implementation of digitization projects for the tax administration system are the main disadvantages. The main threat is related to the risk of cyber-attacks on electronic databases and information systems, which can lead to the unauthorized leakage of confidential information about taxpayers and the peculiarities of their economic activities.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ENTERPRISES USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Kvashuk Oleksandr , Vapriote Ina , Onyskiv Artem
Published: November 2023

The enterprise is the primary link of the economic system, the stability of which is an important condition for the effective development of the national economy. The sustainability of the enterprise covers a set of factors that allow it to achieve a controlled state of equilibrium and the ability for sustainable economic growth through effective management of activities. The main component of the company's stability is its financial condition, which ensures marketing and personnel stability, promotes the development of production and technical-technological stability, maintains investment stability, and increases the efficiency of the management process. The study describes a neural network-based approach to assessing the financial condition of enterprises, which enables the assessment of the enterprise's financial condition based on its annual financial reports with high accuracy (over 90 percent). The study examined different neural network approaches to analyzing financial data, including the use of different neural network types, training methods, and input parameter selection. The article also examines the influence of various financial indicators on the financial state of the enterprise and suggests using the most significant financial indicators as input parameters for neural networks.
Improving the gas sorption capacity in lantern-type metal-organic polyhedra by a scrambled cage method.
Authors: Doñagueda Suso Beatriz , Wang Zaoming , Kennedy Alan , Fletcher Ashleigh , Furukawa Shuhei , Craig Gavin
Published: November 2023

The synthesis of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a well-known method for increasing the complexity of porous frameworks. In these materials, the structural differences of the ligands used in the synthesis are sufficiently subtle that they can each occupy the same site in the framework. However, multivariate or ligand scrambling approaches are rarely used in the synthesis of porous metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) – the molecular equivalent of MOFs – despite the potential to retain a unique intrinsic pore from the individual cage while varying the extrinsic porosity of the material. Herein we directly synthesise scrambled cages across two families of lantern-type MOPs and find contrasting effects on their gas sorption properties. In one family, the scrambling approach sees a gradual increase in the BET surface area with the maximum and minimum uptakes associated with the two pure homoleptic cages. In the other, the scrambled materials display improved surface areas with respect to both of the original, homoleptic cages. Through analysis of the gas sorption isotherms, we attribute this effect to the balance of micro- and mesoporosity with the materials. The gas uptake of the materials presented here underscores the tunability of cages that springs from their combination of intrinsic, extrinsic, micro- and meso- porosities.
Modeling pH-dependent biomolecular photochemistry
Authors: Pieri Elisa , Weingart Oliver , Huix-Rotllant Miquel , Ledentu Vincent , Garavelli Marco , Ferré Nicolas
Published: November 2023

The tuning mechanism of pH can be extremely challenging to model computationally in complex biological systems, especially with respect to photochemical properties. This article reports a protocol aimed at modeling pH-dependent photodynamics, using a combination of constant-pH molecular dynamics and semi-classical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. With retinal photoisomerization in Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin (ASR) as a testbed, we show that our protocol produces pH-dependent photochemical properties such as the isomerization quantum yield or decay rates. We decompose our results in single titrated residue contributions, identifying some key tuning amino acids. Additionally, we assess the validity of the single protonation state picture to represent the system at a given pH and propose the most populated protein charge state as a compromise between cost and accuracy.
Streamlining the Automated Discovery of Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Basford Annabel , Bennett Steven , Xiao Muye , Turcani Lukas , Allen Jasmine , Jelfs Kim , Greenaway Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Self-assembly through dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) can yield a range of multi-component organic assemblies. The reversibility and dynamic nature of DCC has made prediction of reaction outcome particularly difficult and thus slows the discovery rate of new organic materials. In addition, traditional experimental processes are time-consuming and often rely on serendipity. Here, we present a streamlined hybrid workflow that combines automated high-throughput experimentation, automated data analysis, and computational modelling, to accelerate the discovery process of one particular subclass of molecular organic materials, porous organic cages. We demonstrate how the design and implementation of this workflow aids in the identification of organic cages with desirable properties. The curation of a precursor library of 55 tri- and di-topic aldehyde and amine precursors enabled the experimental screening of 366 imine condensation reactions experimentally, and 1464 hypothetical organic cage outcomes to be computationally modelled. From the screen, 225 cages were identified experimentally using mass spectrometry, 54 of which were cleanly formed as a single topology as determined by both turbidity measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Integration of these characterisation methods into a fully automated Python pipeline, named cagey, led to over a 350-fold decrease in the time required for data analysis. This work highlights the advantages of combining automated synthesis, characterisation, and analysis, for large-scale data curation towards an accessible data-driven materials discovery approach.
Rapid and Self-Administrable Capillary Blood Microsampling Demonstrates Statistical Equivalence with Standard Venous Collections in NMR-Based Lipoprotein Analysis
Authors: Roberts Jayden Lee , Whiley Luke , Gray Nicola , Gay Melvin , Nitschke Philipp , Masuda Reika , Holmes Elaine , Nicholson Jeremy Kirk , Wist Julien , Lawler Nathan
Published: November 2023

We investigated plasma and serum blood derivatives from capillary blood microsamples (500 μL, MiniCollect® tubes) and corresponding venous blood (10 mL vacutainers). Samples from twenty healthy participants were analysed by 1H-NMR and 112 lipoprotein subfraction parameters; 3 supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) parameters from SPC1, SPC2, and SPC3 subfractions; 2 N-acetyl signals from α-1-acid glycoprotein (Glyc), GlycA and GlycB; and 3 calculated parameters, SPC (total), SPC3/SPC2, Glyc (total)—were assessed. Using linear regression between capillary and venous collection sites, explained variance (Adj. R2 ≥ 0.8, p < 0.001) was witnessed for 86% of plasma parameters (103/120), and 88% of serum parameters (106/120), indicating capillary lipoprotein, SPC, and Glyc concentration follows changes in venous concentra-tions. These results indicate capillary blood microsamples are suitable for sampling in remote areas and for high-frequency longitudinal sampling of the majority of lipoproteins, SPCs, and Glycs.
Catalysis of C-N Coupling on High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Plenge Mads Kastrup , Pedersen Jack Kirk , Bagger Alexander , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: November 2023

Catalyzing carbon-nitrogen (C-N) coupling using small abundant nitrogenous molecules is of growing interest to lessen the environmental impact of the industrial process. High-entropy alloys hold the potential to have surface sites optimized for each of the coupling intermediates and by varying the alloy composition of the catalyst it provides tunability to the adsorption energy distribution. We model the C-N coupling using adsorption energies of CO and NO and assume that *CO couples with an *NO-reduced intermediate. As more mechanistic inside is needed, we limit the model to the coverage of pairs of *CO and *NO, providing a necessary but not sufficient condition for catalytic activity. Two limiting cases for simulating the adsorption process are presented: one considering thermodynamic equilibrium and one considering out-of- equilibrium conditions. A Monte Carlo method connecting the two limits is suggested which reproduce trends observed in experiments. By varying the partial pressure of NO the shape of the pair coverage function in the composition space as well as its optima are altered. Our method finds a ternary AuCuPd optimum at equal CO/NO partial pressures and copper to be the optimum at low NO partial pressures.
Surface Defect Healing in Annealing from Nanoporous Carbons to Nanoporous Graphenes
Authors: Yamazaki Kaoru , Goto Shunsuke , Yoshino Shunya , Gubarevich Anna , Yoshida Katsumi , Kato Hideki , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: November 2023

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space. We revisited the Raman spectra of nanoporous carbons (NPCs) synthesized using θ-/γ-Al2O3 templates and NPGs converted from NPCs by annealing at 1800 ºC to identify the type and density of defects. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone‒Wales defects. The density of vacancy defect per hexagon in the graphene sheet is estimated to be 10-2 for NPCs, while the annealing reduced the value to 10-3‒10-4 for NPGs. This supports the outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability of the novel porous carbon materials.
Radical Homopolymerization of Linear α-Olefins Enabled by Cyano Group Migration
Authors: An Bang , Zhou Litao , Liu Shuai , Cui Feichen , Yan Jiajun , Li Yifan
Published: November 2023

α-Olefins are valued and abundant building blocks from fossil resources. They are widely used to provide small-molecule or polymeric products. Poly-α-olefins are predominately synthesized via coordination polymerization. Despite numerous advantages of radical polymerization, it has been well-documented as textbook knowledge that α-olefins and their functionalized derivatives cannot be radically homopolymerized because of the degradative chain transfer side reactions. Herein, we report our studies on the homopolymerization of thiocyanate functionalized α-olefins enabled by cyano group migration under radical conditions. By this approach, a library of ABC sequence-controlled polymers with high molecular weights can be prepared. We can also extend this strategy to the homopolymerization of α-substituted styrenic and acylate monomers which are known to be challenging to achieve. Overall, the demonstrated functional group migration radical polymerization could provide new possibilities to synthesize polymers with unprecedented main chain sequences and structures, which are promising candidates for novel polymeric materials.
Ruthenium-Based Electrode Modified by Gold Particles as Voltammetric Sensor for Non-Enzymatic Epinephrine Detection
Authors: Panov Maxim S. , Nikolaev Dmitrii M. , Shtyrov Andrey A. , Vyazmin Sergey Yu. , Mereshchenko Andrey S. , Vasin Andrey V. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N.
Published: November 2023

A simple and efficient technique for voltammetric enzymeless detection of epinephrine (EP) is proposed. The technique applies hierarchical Ru-based electrodes modified by Au nano- to micro-sized particles, which were produced with laser-assisted synthesis. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to characterize electrochemical properties of the electrodes. For EP detection, we obtained two DPV calibration curves that are linear in the range of 0.01-5 μM and 5-500 μM. The highest sensitivity (46.9 μA μM−1 cm−2) and the lowest detection limit (6.1 nM) are observed for the first linear range, whereas the estimated sensitivity and limit of detection for the second linear range are 2.1 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 17.8 nM, respectively. We also demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used for selective EP determination in the presence of such common interfering analytes as ascorbic acid and dopamine. The results of this study can be employed for development of low-cost voltammetric sensor platforms for non-enzymatic epinephrine detection in a physiological environment.