bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platform work and the changing of definitions of employee and employer
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Korshunova Tatyana Iu. , Motsnaya Oksana V. ,   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

During the 20th century the relationship between the employee and employer changed within a certain economic formation. The conceptual definitions of labor law as a branch of law corresponded to needs of industrial society. If for a long time this was mainly investigated from the view of differentiating the features of labor regulation of certain categories of workers, then at the beginning of the new millennium, with the development of technology and artificial intelligence, it became necessary to revise the classical understanding of the labor relationship and its subjects. The growing gig economy, combined with advances in artificial intelligence, is destroying not only familiar business models, but also traditional notions of work and of the employee and employer in the traditional labor law context. Nowadays, when there is an understanding of the future legal foundations of the digital economy, it is important to choose the right path of development and answer the question: To what extent do the values of traditional labor law meet modern challenges in the field of employment? The introduction of new technologies in the field of employment and the departure from the concept of a “responsible (single) employer” are the features of a new inevitable stage of social development. With all the risks that the development of robotics and artificial intelligence carries for humans, rejection of the achievements of scientific and technological progress at this stage is not possible. In this regard, in the matter of changing the concepts of employee, employer, and labor relations in the digital economy, it is important to consider not so much the actual terminological aspect, as to determine how technological factors of recent years affect their legal nature.
About intersectoral relations in law: Some aspects of the categorical apparatus
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Filippova Marina V. , Khokhlov Evgeny B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The problem of legal facts is little studied in the science of domestic labor law. In particular, the problem of an employment contract as a complex legal fact by its nature needs additional analysis, and it is impossible to recognize as satisfactory the formulation of the question of transactions in labor law, and their essence and place in the system of legal facts. This article argues for the idea of the existence of an employment contract as a source of subjective rights and obligations of the parties, and of different industry affiliation. Unlike other legal facts, an employment contract, along with such legal facts as unilateral transactions, management acts, and judicial acts, has a unique ability not only to give effect to the rights and obligations set out in the dispositions of legal norms, but also to generate subjective rights and obligations of the employee and employer itself. In addition, the question is raised about the possibility of an employment contract as a source of objective labor law. This is due to two kinds of factors: like the so-called “absolute legal relationship” by virtue of the current employment contract, no third party has the right, under pain of legal liability, to hinder the parties in their actions to implement the rights and obligations assumed; in addition, the system of employment contracts is one of the factors in the formation of the internal legal order of the organization. The problem of transactions in labor law is subjected to special consideration. The interpretation of labor law transactions as a generic category is proposed, generalizing unilateral labor law transactions and labor contracts as varieties.
Study on ammonia generation from digested sludge by subcritical water treatment
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Kojima K. , Sumikura M. , Kuroiwa Y.
Published: January 2023

Organic sludge has recently attracted attention as a renewable energy source. While the organic matter contained in sludge can be utilized as various renewable energy sources, its nitrogen component has limited use. In this study, subcritical water treatment was conducted to recover ammonia from digested sludge. While ammonia recovered via stripping is limited to soluble components, subcritical water treatment can convert solid components and dissolved organic nitrogen sludge into ammonia. Digested sludge was treated at several reaction temperatures, reaction pressures, treatment times, and oxygen ratios to determine the ammonia generation rate. Among the conditions tested in this study, an ammonium generation rate of 84.0% was obtained at 400 °C, 10 MPa, a treatment time of 5 min, and at an oxygen ratio of 1.2.
Induction of Cancer Cell Death by Apigenin: A Review on Different Cell Death Pathways
Authors: Amini Peyman , Moazamiyanfar Reza , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh , Jafarzadeh Emad , Ganjizadeh Maryam , Rastegar-Pouyani Nima , Moloudi Kave , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Taeb Shahram , Najafi Masoud
Published: January 2023

Induction of cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation in cancer have been set as some of the main goals in anti-tumor therapy. Cancer cell resistance leads to less efficient cancer therapy, and consequently, to higher doses of anticancer drugs, which may eventually increase the risk of serious side effects in normal tissues. Apigenin, a nature-derived and herbal agent, which has shown anticancer properties in several types of cancer, can induce cell death directly and/or amplify the induction of cell death through other anti-tumor modalities. Although the main mechanism of apigenin in order to induce cell death is apoptosis, other cell death pathways, such as autophagic cell death, senescence, anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been reported to be induced by apigenin. It seems that apigenin enhances apoptosis by inducing anticancer immunity and tumor suppressor genes, like p53 and PTEN, and also by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, it may induce autophagic cell death and ferroptosis by inducing endogenous ROS generation. Stimulation of ROS production and tumor suppressor genes, as well as downregulation of drug-resistance mediators, may induce other mechanisms of cell death, such as senescence, anoikis, and necroptosis. It seems that the induction of each type of cell death is highly dependent on the type of cancer. These modulatory actions of apigenin have been shown to enhance anticancer effects by other agents, such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs. This review explains how cancer cell death may be induced by apigenin at the cellular and molecular levels.
Anti-anxiety and Hypnotic Effects of Lawsonia inermis Hydroalcoholic Extract
Authors: Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Sabahi Keyvan , Hosseini Mahmoud , Forouzanfar Fatemeh
Published: January 2023

Background:

Sleep is a vital biological feature, and insomnia causes maladaptive physical and
psychological functions. The main flaws of current insomnia medications are significant side effects. A
suitable substitute can be herbal products. We aimed to evaluate the anti-anxiety, sleep-inducing, and -
prolonging effects of Lawsonia inermis extract and fractions in mice.

Methods:

Male albino mice were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with either three doses (40, 80, and
160 mg/kg) of L. inermis extract or n-butanol fraction (NBF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water
fraction (WF), 30 minutes before i.p. injection of 30 mg/kg pentobarbital. Sleep latency and duration of
sleep were recorded. For anxiolytic activity, elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests were used. Moreover, the
toxicity of the extract was determined in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Results:

L. inermis extract (160 mg/kg) significantly reduced sleep latency and increased sleep duration.
EAF at 160 mg/kg decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration. Flumazenil reversed the hypnotic
effect of L. inermis extract (160 mg/kg). L. inermis extract (80, 160 mg/kg) increased the time spent and
the number of entries in the open arms of EPM. The tested extracts and fractions administration found no
adverse effects on PC12 cell viability. The LD50 was 2.4 g/kg.

Conclusion:

L. inermis extracts exhibit anxiolytic and hypnotic effects, probably modulating the GABAergic
system.
Is it the Time to Move Towards Coronary Computed Tomography
Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Guided Percutaneous Coronary
Intervention? The Pros and Cons
Authors: Sharifkazemi Mohammadbagher , Hooshanginezhad Zahra , Zoroufian Arezou , Shamsa Kamran
Published: January 2023

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diagnosis is conventionally
performed by direct visualization of the arteries by invasive coronary angiography
(ICA), which has inherent limitations and risks. Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) has
been suggested for a more accurate assessment of ischemia in the coronary artery with high accuracy
for determining the severity and decision on the necessity of intervention. Nevertheless, invasive
coronary angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (ICA-FFR) is currently used in less than
one-third of clinical practices because of the invasive nature of ICA and the need for additional
equipment and experience, as well as the cost and extra time needed for the procedure. Recent
technical advances have moved towards non-invasive high-quality imaging modalities, such as
magnetic resonance, single-photon emission computed tomography, and coronary computed tomography
(CT) scan; however, none had a definitive modality to confirm hemodynamically significant
coronary artery stenosis. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can provide
accurate anatomic and hemodynamic data about the coronary lesion, especially calculating fractional
flow reserve derived from CCTA (CCTA-FFR). Although growing evidence has been published
regarding CCTA-FFR results being comparable to ICA-FFR, CCTA-FFR has not yet replaced
the invasive conventional angiography, pending additional studies to validate the advantages
and disadvantages of each diagnostic method. Furthermore, it has to be identified whether
revascularization of a stenotic lesion is plausible based on CCTA-FFR and if the therapeutic plan
can be determined safely and accurately without confirmation from invasive methods. Therefore,
in the present review, we will outline the pros and cons of using CCTA-FFR vs. ICA-FFR regarding
diagnostic accuracy and treatment decision-making.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Whole-Body Vibration on Gait Ability and Balance among Older Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Asahina Yuta , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Kajimoto Sachio , Hattori Koki , Oka Tatsufumi , Kaimori Jun-Ya , Kashihara Naoki , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: January 2023

Background

Gait abnormality is a serious problem among hemodialysis patients. Whole-body vibration is a simple exercise that induces sustained muscular contractions through mechanical vibrations. This training improved gait ability in older adults. We aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration on balance and gait ability in older hemodialysis patients.

Methods

We conducted a 12-week, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 98 hemodialysis patients, who were aged ≥65 years, from three dialysis centers in Japan. Those who had difficulty walking alone or dementia were excluded. Patients were randomly allocated to the whole-body vibration group or control group. The training was performed for 3 minutes thrice a week on dialysis days. The primary outcome was the Timed Up and Go test. The secondary outcomes were the single-leg stand test and 30-second chair stand test.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the participants was 76 (7) years. The mean (SD) Timed Up and Go test was 12.0 (6.6) and 11.8 (7.0) seconds in the whole-body vibration and control groups, respectively. During the 12-week study period, 6 (12%) of 49 patients in the whole-body vibration group and 3 (6%) of 49 patients in the control group dropped out. In the whole-body vibration group, 42 (86% of the randomly allocated patients) completed the training according to the protocol. The mean (SD) changes in the Timed Up and Go test were −1.1 (4.0) and −1.4 (4.4) seconds in the whole-body vibration and control groups, respectively (change, 0.3 seconds in the whole-body vibration group; 95% confidence interval, −1.4 to 2.0; P=0.71). The changes in the single-leg stand test and 30-second chair stand test did not differ significantly between groups. There were no musculoskeletal adverse events directly related to this training.

Conclusions

Whole-body vibration did not improve balance and gait ability.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Walking Performance in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients NCT04774731.
Tolvaptan for Children and Adolescents with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mekahli Djalila , Guay-Woodford Lisa M. , Cadnapaphornchai Melissa A. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Litwin Mieczyslaw , Seeman Tomas , Dandurand Ann , Shi Lily , Sikes Kimberly , Shoaf Susan E. , Schaefer Franz
Published: January 2023

Background

Tolvaptan slows expansion of kidney volume and kidney function decline in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Progression during childhood could be treated before irreversible kidney damage occurs, but trial data are lacking. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of tolvaptan in children/adolescents with ADPKD.

Methods

This was the 1-year, randomized, double-blind, portion of a phase 3b, two-part trial being conducted at 20 academic pediatric nephrology centers. Key eligibility criteria were ADPKD and eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Participants aged 12–17 years were the target group (group 1, enrollment goal n≥60); participants aged 4–11 years could additionally enroll (group 2, anticipated enrollment approximately 40). Treatments were tolvaptan or placebo titrated by body weight and tolerability. Coprimary end points, change from baseline in spot urine osmolality and specific gravity at week 1, assessed inhibition of antidiuretic hormone activity. The key secondary end point was change in height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) to month 12 in group 1. Additional end points were safety/tolerability and quality of life. Statistical comparisons were exploratory and post hoc.

Results

Among the 91 randomized (group 1, n=66; group 2, n=25), least squares (LS) mean reduction (±SEM) in spot urine osmolality at week 1 was greater with tolvaptan (−390 [28] mOsm/kg) than placebo (−90 [29] mOsm/kg; P<0.001), as was LS mean reduction in specific gravity (−0.009 [0.001] versus −0.002 [0.001]; P<0.001). In group 1, the 12-month htTKV increase was 2.6% with tolvaptan and 5.8% with placebo (P>0.05). For tolvaptan and placebo, respectively, 65% and 16% of subjects experienced aquaretic adverse events, and 2% and 0% experienced hypernatremia. There were no elevated transaminases or drug-induced liver injuries. Four participants discontinued tolvaptan, and three discontinued placebo. Quality-of-life assessments remained stable.

Conclusions

Tolvaptan exhibited pharmacodynamic activity in pediatric ADPKD. Aquaretic effects were manageable, with few discontinuations.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability and Efficacy of Tolvaptan in Children and Adolescents With ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease) NCT02964273.
Rapid Progression of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Patients with High-Risk APOL1 Genotypes
Authors: Kallash Mahmoud , Wang Yujie , Smith Abigail , Trachtman Howard , Gbadegesin Rasheed , Nester Carla , Canetta Pietro , Wang Chen , Hunley Tracy E. , Sperati C. John , Selewski David , Ayoub Isabelle , Srivastava Tarak , Mottl Amy K. , Kopp Jeffrey , Gillespie Brenda , Robinson Bruce , Chen Dhruti , Steinke Julia , Twombley Katherine , Reidy Kimberly , Mucha Krzysztof , Greenbaum Larry A. , Blazius Brooke , Helmuth Margaret , Yonatan Peleg , Parekh Rulan S. , Hogan Susan , Royal Virginie , D'Agati Vivette , Chishti Aftab , Falk Ronald , Gharavi Ali , Holzman Lawrence , Klein Jon , Smoyer William , Kretzler Matthias , Gipson Debbie , Kidd Jason M. ,   on behalf of CureGN*
Published: January 2023

Background

FSGS is a heterogeneous diagnosis with a guarded prognosis. Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene are associated with developing FSGS and faster progression to kidney failure in affected patients. Better understanding the natural history of patients with FSGS and APOL1 risk alleles is essential to improve patient care and support the design and interpretation of interventional studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative association between APOL1 and kidney disease progression and the interaction with other clinical and laboratory factors.

Methods

CureGN cohort study participants with biopsy diagnosis of FSGS, regardless of self-identified race, were included. The exposure of interest was two APOL1 risk alleles (high risk) versus zero to one risk alleles (low risk). The primary outcome was eGFR slope categorized as rapid progressor (eGFR slope ≤−5 ml/min per year), intermediate progressor (slope between 0 and −5), or nonprogressor (slope ≥0). Multivariable ordinal logistic and linear regressions were used for adjusted analyses. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation.

Results

Of 650 participants, 476 (73%) had genetic testing, among whom 87 (18%) were high risk. High-risk participants were more likely to have lower median eGFR (62 [interquartile range, 36–81] versus low-risk participants 76 ml/min per 1.73 m2 [interquartile range, 44–106]; P<0.01). In adjusted analysis, the odds of more rapid progression of eGFR was 2.75 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.67 to 4.53; P<0.001) in the high-risk versus low-risk groups.

Conclusions

In patients with FSGS, high-risk APOL1 genotype is the predominant factor associated with more rapid loss of kidney function.
Real Time Object Detection Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Sai T. Varun , Aditya B. , Reddy A. Mahendra , Srinivasulu Dr. Y.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Due to recent advances in deep learning, the performance of object detection techniques has greatly increased in both speed and accuracy. This enabled highly accurate real-time object detection in modern desktop systems. This project investigates the applicability of working object detection on Raspberry Pi 3. Real-time detection of objects requires a lot of processing power, and achieving real-time speed is a difficult task in a system with limited performance. Many different methods can be used to detect objects. Two methods were implemented in the Raspberry Pi 3 B to determine if they are suitable to work with such weak hardware. An implemented target detector is considered suitable if it achieves a high enough resolution and frame rate to be useful in practical applications. The evaluation performs a number of tests on each detector and measures their performance in terms of detection accuracy, hell time, and frame rate. Raspberry Pi Model B, which is the latest and most powerful product of the Raspberry Pi series, is used as hardware. The camera used is a Raspberry Pi Camera Module v2
Technology for creating a digital map of cultivated land in the territory of agricultural enterprises of the Leningrad oblast using QGIS
Authors: Belousov A.O. , Bogdanov V.L.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the technology of creating a digital map of agricultural lands in QGIS in order to form an information base on their state in individual farms. As a result of the conducted research, the authors identified the main stages of creating a digital map, defined key tasks at the stage of spatial reference of raster images and proposed ways to solve them. We developed an algorithm for creating an attribute table using the Python programming language, which enables avoiding errors in the process of filling in the semantic part of the generated information base. The main tools for digitizing raster images are highlighted, and in order to identify mistakes in the process of forming its graphical part, a topological editing module is to be used. The obtained research results can be helpful for the executive authorities of the Russian Federation subjects, local self-government bodies to make decisions in the field of land and property management of a separate entity.
Kedudukan Notaris Yang Mengambil Cuti Karena Diangkat Menjadi Anggota Legislatif
Authors: Vigo Putra Astra , Rahmi Elita , Abu Bakar Firdaus
Published: January 2023

The duty of a notary as a public official is to serve the public concerned. As a servant, of course, a very noble task borne by a Notary. By referring to the UUJN which is actually a regulation that regulates his position, according to the author, it does not violate the law if it overrides the election law regarding concurrent positions. And also no party will be harmed if a Notary who is a member of the DPR applies for leave, in other words it does not stop. Notaries are required to apply for leave, and appoint a substitute Notary as stated in Article 11 paragraph (1-3) of the UUJN if the Notary is elected as a member of the Legislature. Because based on Article 17 letter d of the UUJN, a Notary is prohibited from serving as a state official. Regarding the request for leave due to being appointed as a State Official, the MPP must have received it within a maximum period of 60 (sixty) days from the date the decision as a State Official is stipulated. Before a Notary submits an application for leave, the mechanism in applying for a Notary leave that needs to be done first is to apply for a Leave certificate to the Directorate General of AHU Online. The request for leave must be received by the Regional Supervisory Council, Regional Supervisory Council, or Central Supervisory Council at the latest 30 (thirty) days before the leave is implemented, unless there are other valid reasons.
AbstrakÂ 
Tugas Notaris sebagai pejabat umum ialah melayani masyarakat yang berkepentingan. Sebagai pelayan, tentunya sangat mulia tugas yang dipikul oleh Notaris. Dengan mengacu terhadap UUJN yang notabene sebuah peraturan yang mengatur akan jabatannya, menurut penulis tidak melanggar hukum apabila mengesampingkan Undang-undang pemilu soal rangkap jabatan. Dan juga tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan apabila Notaris yang menjadi anggota DPR mengajukan cuti, dengan kata lain tidak berhenti. Notaris wajib mengajukan cuti, dan menunjuk Notaris pengganti seperti yang disebutkandalamPasal 11 ayat (1-3) UUJN apabilaNotaris terpilih menjadi anggota Legislatif. Karena berdasarkan Pasal 17 huruf d UUJN Notaris di larangrangkap jabatan menjadi pejabat negara. Mengenai permohonan cuti karena diangkat menjadi Pejabat Negara harus sudah diterima MPP dalam jangka waktu paling lama 60 (enam puluh) hari sejak tanggal keputusan sebagai Pejabat Negara ditetapkan. Sebelum Notaris mengajukan permohonan cuti, mekanisme dalam pengajuan cuti Notaris yang perlu dilakukan terlebih dahulu ialah mengajukan permohonan sertifikat Cuti kepada Direktorat Jendral AHU Online. Permohonan cuti sudah harus diterima oleh Majelis Pengawas Daerah, Majelis Pengawas Wilayah, atau Majelis Pengawas Pusat dalam jangka waktu paling lambat 30 (tiga puluh) hari sebelum cuti dilaksanakan, kecuali ada alasan lain yang sah.
Â
Perbandingan Pengaturan Badan Hukum Koperasi Antara Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perkoperasian Dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja.
Authors: Pambudi Lintang Ario
Published: January 2023

The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia has passed the Job Creation Draft Law into law which, according to the DPR and the Government, claims this law will address the complex problems of regulations in terms of investing in Indonesia. However, there are pros and cons to the passing of the Job Creation law, many people believe that the creation of this law was very hasty. In this article, we will focus more on the cooperative cluster in the Job Creation Law. The type of research used in this legal research is normative juridical which emphasizes written documents as the main source of law, such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories, and scholarly opinions. The Job Creation Law in the cooperative cluster adds and changes several articles and paragraphs to the cooperative law. The most visible change is the simplification of the establishment of a cooperative legal entity which previously required 20 (twenty) people, now it only requires 9 (nine) people, the accommodation of electronic documents in member registration, the provision of online member meetings, and the laying of a legal basis for cooperatives based on syaria.
Abstrak
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia telah mengesahkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta kerja menjadi undang-undang yang menurut klaim DPR dan Pemerintah undang-undang ini akan mengatasi permasalahan peliknya regulasi dalam hal menanam investasi di Indonesia. Akan tetapi terdapat pro dan kontra atas disahkannya undang-undang Cipta Kerja, banyak kalangan yang menilai pembetukan undang-undang ini sangat tergesa-gesa. Dalam artikel ini akan lebih memfokuskan mengenai klaster perkoperasian di dalam Undang-undang Cipta Kerja. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah yuridis normatif yang menekankan pada dokumen-dokumen tertulis sebagai sumber hukum utamanya, seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, teori hukum dan pendapat sarjana. Undang-undang Cipta Kerja dalam klaster koperasi melakukan penambahan serta perubahan beberapa pasal dan juga ayat kedalam Undang-undang koperasi. Perubahan yang paling dapat dilihat adalah penyederhanaan pendirian badan hukum koperasi yang semula memerlukan 20 (duapuluh) orang sekarang hanya memerlukan 9 (Sembilan) orang, diakomodirnya dokumen elektronik dalam pencatatan anggota, adanya pengaturan mengenai rapat anggota secara daring, dan peletakan dasar hukum bagi koperasi berdasarkan syariah
Pola Legitimasi â€œCriminal-Policyâ€ Pada Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah
Authors: Wahyu Kridasakti Sri , Purwaningdyah Purwaningdyah , Nuriyatman Eko
Published: January 2023

In the absence of standards regarding the establishment of existing regional regulations in Indonesia related to public order by local governments which contain criminal sanctions, this creates deviations in terms of the principles of legal certainty for the community. This scientific article discusses the formation of criminal policies by regional governments that have the same cultural similarities and have the same basis for legitimacy. The research approach used is socio-legal, the related issue is regarding the study of criminal-policy legal issues and the locus of government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. With the same cultural group, namely Mataraman in the formation of criminal policies. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the formation of the Tibum Regional Regulation in Yogyakarta shows the use of different legitimacy bases in the formation of its criminal policy. Differences in the determination of criminal sanctions for the object of the same regulation, for selling in prohibited areas, environmental pollution, erection of illegal buildings and others, the threat of administrative fines and imprisonment varies, with fines ranging from IDR 50,000,000 to imprisonment for around 6 month. The acceptance in complexiu of the living-law values â€‹â€‹with their local wisdom in the formation of regional regulations in the field of public order was apparently nowhere to be found, so that the basis for the legitimacy of criminal-policy norms was built only on technocratic uptake.
Abstrak
Dengan tidak adanya standar mengenai pembentukan peraturan daerah yang ada di Indonesia terkait dengan tertib umum oleh pemerintah daerah yang bermuatan sanksi pidana, menimbulkan penyimpangan dalam hal asas-asa kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat. Artikel ilmiah ini membahas mengenai pembentukan criminal policy oleh pemerintahan daerah yang memiliki keserupaan kultur budaya yang sama memiliki dasar ukuran legitimasi yang sama. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah socio-legal, isu terkai adalah mengenai kajian isu hukum criminal-policy dan lokus pemeritahan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dengan keserumpunanÂ  budaya yang sama yaitu Mataraman dalam pembentukan criminal-policy.Â  Berdasarkan kepada hasil penelitian didapat data bahwa pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Tibum di Yogyakarta menunjukkan penggunaan dasar legitimasi berbeda-beda dalam pembentukan criminal policy-nya. Perbedaan penetapan sanksi pidana pada obyek pengaturan yang sama, terhadap berjualan pada area terlarang, pencemaran lingkungan, pendirian bangunan liar dan lain-lainnya, ancaman denda administrasi maupun pidana kurungannya ternyata berbeda-beda dengan denda berkisar Rp50.000.000,- dengan pidana kurungan sekitar 6 bulan. Receptio in complexiu atas nilai-nilai the living-law dengan local wisdom-nya dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah bidang ketertiban umum ternyata tidak ada ditemukan, sehingga dasar legitimasi norma criminal-policy dibangun berdasarkan serapan teknokratis saja.
Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products by spectrophotometry in the infrared region: a practical review
Authors: Kogawa Ana , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: January 2023

Quality control in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry to identify and quantify the active ingredient has fundamental importance to guarantee the quality of the final product. Its lack can generate irreparable consequences, and therefore its existence is extremely important. However, currently, in this process there is an ecologically correct need beyond the choice of the ideal method and the ideal conditions. This mini-review contemplates the current technological vision of pharmaceutical analysis through Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). Green and sustainable methods have a main focus providing economic, environmental and social benefits. An example is spectrophotometry in the infrared region for quantitative purposes. The purpose of this mini-review is to show a practical guide for the quantitative analysis of raw materials and pharmaceutical products by spectrophotometry in the infrared region in order to contribute to a sustainability cycle, where the guarantee of product quality and the analytical awareness about health, time, waste generation, environment and cost coexist. A practical review for quantitative analysis by spectrophotometry in the infrared region was shown. It is useful for routine analysis of pharmaceutical products in general, and it can be used by chemical-pharmaceutical laboratories around the world.
Simultaneous analysis of dapagliflozin and its three related impurities by stability-indicating UPLC method and in vitro toxicity evaluation
Authors: Bueno Lívia , Joanna Wittckind Manoel  , Mariana Koetz  , Amélia Teresinha Henriques  , Martin Steppe  , Vendruscolo Piton Yasmin , Arbo Marcelo , Garcia Solange Cristina , Elfrides Eva Scherman Schapoval
Published: January 2023

A new stability- indicating analytical method by UPLC was developed for the simultaneous determination of dapagliflozin and three of its synthesis impurities. A Waters® Acquity UPLC H- Class model was used for method development and validation. The separation was achieved in a Zorbax phenyl column (50 x 3.0 mm, 1.8 μm), using a mixture of acetonitrile: water (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase in isocratic mode. All the peaks were well detected by a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 230 nm. The method was properly validated according ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The calibration curves of each analyte showed determination coefficients (r2) > 0.99 and the method was linear at the concentrations range 30-70 μg/mL for dapagliflozin and 1-10 μg/mL for the impurities. Lastly, this UPLC method presented low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for both dapagliflozin and impurities, being a technique with high sensitivity. The toxicity evaluation of dapagliflozina and its related impurities were evaluated using 3T3 cells. MTT reduction and neutral red uptake assays were performed in cytotoxicity tests. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM), measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen and DNA damage (measured by comet assay) were evaluated. The impurity 3 showed significant damage in cytotoxicity tests at a concentration of 0.5 µM, being even more expressive at higher concentrations. On the other hand, under the conditions tested, DNA damage was not detected and the compounds tested do not induce significant cell death.
Cross-Cultural Social Skills Instruction and Indirect Expressions: Psychoeducation in Japan’s High-Context Culture
Authors: Nakano Sachiko , Tanaka Tomoko , Mikushi Koji
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the number of international students in Japan has been increasing. They suffer from understanding indirect expressions in communication with Japanese people. In this study, we implemented and assessed the impacts of a novel instructional program aimed at teaching social skills in a high-context culture characterized by the frequent use of indirect expressions. We conducted two experiments with students in Japan. Experiment 1 included semi-structured interviews with international students in Japan. Interview analysis revealed that it is difficult to learn to use and understand the intent behind indirect expressions without having first-hand experience communicating with Japanese people who use indirect language, particularly regarding “sassuru” – expressions that allow for multiple interpretations. Experiment 1 highlights the presence of problems that cannot be solved simply by learning Japanese and the challenges of adapting to communication styles characterized by the frequent use of indirect expressions in high-context cultures. Based on Experiment 1, we provided social skills instruction to an experimental group of international students as a teaching intervention. Next, participants in the experimental group and control group (who had not received the social skills instruction) completed questionnaires before and after the experiment. Data analysis verified that the intervention participants (1) developed more awareness of, and interest in, the Japanese culture; (2) became more confident in their interpretation of expressions with multiple meanings and of silence; and (3) became more accepting of ambiguous expressions because they had developed greater understanding. Conversely, the control group participants did not experience similar notable changes.
Precarización de las condiciones del empleo en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México 2021
Authors: Díaz Arenas Pedro Felipe , Herrera Robles Luis Alfonso , Reyes Vázquez Francisco
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar las condiciones laborales de la población ocupada en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México a través de la creación de un Índice de Precariedad del Empleo (IPE) que represente de manera resumida la precarización del empleo por sexo y grupo de edad. Para ello, se emplearon datos de del tercer trimestre del 2021 de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) que es levantada trimestralmente por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Además de destacar que la precariedad laboral forma parte de la emergencia de una nueva clase emergente reconocida teóricamente como precariado y que esta configuración destaca entre otras cosas, nuevas desventajas estructurales para quienes engrosan las filas de la precariedad.
Phytochemical composition of Verbascum stachydifolium Boiss & Heldr. var. stachydifolium growing in Türkiye and in vitro analysis of wound healing activity
Authors: İğci Bahar , Aytaç Zeki
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and the in vitro wound healing activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Verbascum stachydifolium Boiss & Heldr. var. stachydifolium. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were measured using spectrophotometry-based methods. Quantitative analysis of the selected phenolics was performed by HPLC. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on L929 mouse fibroblast cells were evaluated by the MTT assay. The migration of treated fibroblast cells was assessed by the cell scratch assay. The expressions of type I collagen, FGF7, TGF-?1 and VEGF were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The HPLC-based analysis revealed the presence of different phenolic compounds at varying amounts and high antioxidant activities were detected. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that the methanolic and aqueous extracts did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells when used up to 500 ?g/mL concentration. Fibroblast migration was stimulated to the highest degree by the aqueous extract obtained by maceration as observed in the scratch assay at 60.4% closure. The molecular mechanism of the wound healing activity involves the upregulation of the analyzed genes.
Arti Musices Pannoniarum - the compositional practice in Vojvodina in the social-historical and musico-historical context
Authors: Sovtic Nemanja
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the territorial frameworks are set with the aim of forming a
regional histor?ical synthesis dedicated to the creation of art music in
Vojvodina, a synthesis that differs from those offered in previous music
historiographies. It can be said that the composers who greatly contributed
to the development of the musical life of the Vojvodina communities in the
interwar period have made modest contributions to the ?local type? musical
modernism. In the second half of the 20th century, they were involved in
determining the place of ?new music? within modernism and realism in the
Cold War period. The Serbian National Theatre, the Association of Composers
of Vojvodina and the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad gave support to
compositional practice in Vojvodina after the Second World War.
The process of shaping stage folk music through the prism of the development of folk dance choreography
Authors: Bajic-Stojiljkovic Vesna
Published: January 2023

Understanding the historical processes in the shaping of stage folk music
raises an important question about the application of traditional music in
stage choreographic works. Since the 1930s in Serbia, the history of music
and dance was cre?ated by prominent individuals, musicians and composers,
initiated by the work of choreographers such as Maga Magazinovic, Russian
artists, and later by many domestic performing artists gathered around
cultural and artistic societies and the National ensemble ?Kolo?. In this
article, all available data relevant for the consideration of stage folk
music as a specific genre will be presented along with the stage folk dance,
precisely through the form of folk dance choreography (FDC), whose
developmental path was hinted at since the end of the 19th century.
Defining and understanding dance music, that is, music for FDC, opens new
horizons in re-examining the process of forming stage folk music in our
region.
Svetislav Vulovic on Domentijan
Authors: Juhas-Georgievska Ljiljana
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on the views of Svetislav Vulovic, Serbian literary and
theatre critic and literary historian (1847?1898), on the work of hieromonk
Domentijan, Serbian writer from the 13th century. In the paper, the author
analyses the segments of Vulovic?s study From Old Serbian Literature. About
Serbian Biographers of the 13th Century (published in 1885) that deal with
Domentijan?s work. The author?s aim was to establish to what extent Vulovic
relied on the results of scientific research achieved until then and what
new insights his study provided. Through her analysis of the parts of
Vulovic?s text dedicated to Domentijan, the author of this paper established
that Vulovic, in keeping with his critical orientation, dedicated
con?siderable attention and space to the writer?s biography. He draws the
writer?s portrait relying on the observations of P. ?. Safarik; he himself
tried to shed more light on some relevant details from Domentijan?s life.
Analysing The Hagiography of St Sava, first of all he took an interest in
the writer?s sources. He established that Domentijan mostly relied on the
work of Stefan the First-Crowned dedicated to St Simeon (which inspired him
to reach for more complex ideational-stylistic methods, to introduce a more
pronounced element of fantasy). According to Vulovic?s assessment,
Domentijan outdid the older writer in a number of ways. Vulovic has a very
high opinion of The Hagiography of St Sava, ranking it above Sava?s and
Stefan?s, as well as all the other Serbian biographies. He characterises
another work by Domentijan, The Hagiography of St Simeon, as a ?mere
compilation?. Vulovic?s observation that Domentijan, while compiling this
work, relied very much on his own The Hagiography of St Sava is highly
valuable. The author of this paper also studied the part of Vulovic?s study
dedicated to Teodosije. As could be expected, in this section of his study
Vulovic speaks a lot about Domentijan?s hagiography of St Sava, which was
Teodosije?s main source for his eponymous work. Lj. Ju?has-Georgievska
particularly focuses on Vulovic?s very significant conclusion that
Domentijan is ?more dependable? than Teodosije, arising from his thorough
analysis of the historical facts in the works of these two writers.
Did composer Petar Konjevic translated Sándor Petőfi’s poems?
Authors: Peric Djordje
Published: January 2023

The question posed in the title of this short literary-historical
contribution has been present for a long time in the known translators?
bibliographies and poems of Aleksandar Pet?fi translated into Serbian. The
question specifically refers to the Serbian translations of two Pet?fi?s
poems: ?Kakvim zarom...? and ?Srecan je...?, signed with the initials P. K.
and published in 1898 in the 21st issue of the Belgrade literary magazine
?Iskra?, on page 328. An unknown bibliographer attributed the initials to
composer P(etar) K(onjovic), but with the question mark next to it. The
author of this article answers negatively to this, pointing instead, and
with good reason, to the actual translator: today forgotten actor,
playwright and author Petar Krstonosic, in whose estate the author found the
translation of Pet?fi?s poem ?Kakvim zarom...? with the written melody from
his play, which is included in the article as evidence.
Laza Kostic’s Santa Maria della Salute in the poetic scope of Branko Miljkovic and Borislav Radovic
Authors: Vranes Branko
Published: January 2023

The poetry of Laza Kostic left a strong impression on several Serbian
interwar modernists, but it was in the years after the Second World War that
Kostic?s role in the forming of modern poetic expression became completely
clear to poets and commentators. Various aspects of the reception of
Kostic?s poetry, especially of his poem Santa Maria della Salute, in Serbian
interwar and post-war literary-critical thought have been largely explored.
In this paper, I focus on the way in which members of the second generation
of post-war modernists reacted to Kostic?s late poem in their verses. In the
poem Laza Kostic [Laza Kostic] from the cycle Seven Dead Poets [Sedam mrtvih
pesnika], which was written in 1956, Branko Miljkovic emphasized the
autopoetic dimension of Santa Maria della Salute. In the poem Before the
Pharmacy of Our Lady of the Sea [Pred lekarnicom u Gospe od mora], which was
published in Poems 1971-1982 [Pesme 1971-1982], Borislav Radovic elaborated
on ecological problems raised in Kostic?s late poem.
Novый spisok Domentianova Žitiя Sv. Savvы
Authors: Jovanovic Tomislav
Published: January 2023

V statьe soobщaetsя o četvertom spiske Domentianova Žitiя sv. Savvы,
nahodящemsя v kodekse Cerkovno-istoričeskogo i arhivnogo instituta (Sofiя),
№ 506. Spisok datiruetsя XVI vekom, sohranilsя fragmentarno - ne hvataet
pervogo lista i treti teksta v konce. On prinadležit k redakcii, k kotoroй
otnositsя i spisok RNB, Gilьf., № 54. Vvedeniem ego v naučnый oborot
obogaщaюtsя predstavleniя o rukopisnoй tradicii Domentianova Žitiя.
Report of the evaluation board of the Serbian royal academy on the novel “Migrations” by Milos Crnjanski
Authors: Jovanovic Miroslav
Published: January 2023

In the paper we are publishing an until now unknown report of the Serbian
royal academy?s Evaluation board about the novel Migrations, for which
Milos Crnjanski was awarded from the Ljubomir M. Mihailovic?s Foundation in
1929.
Letters of the highest ranking church officials to the author of the first volume of the History of the Serbian Orhtodox Church, Prof dr. Djoko Slijepcevic
Authors: Andrijasevic Nemanja
Published: January 2023

The year 2022 marks the 60th anniversary of the publication of the first
comprehen?sive History of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Its author, Professor
of the Belgrade University - Dr. Djoko Slijepcevic, was an ecclesiastical
historian who published this work as a political emigrant in Munich, from
his own financial resources. Several highly ranked church dignitaries,
including the Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC), decided to
send him letters of gratitude, even though well aware that all
correspondence at the time had been under sur?veillance. The appendix of
this work contains letters written by the Serbian Patriarch German Djoric,
Bishop of Bachka Nikanor Ilichic, dissident and spiritual elder
Archimandrite Prof Dr. Justin Popovic (who had been canonized as saint by
the SOC), Archimandrite Dr. Firmilian Otsokolyic, as well as protopriest
Stevan Lastavitsa. The last two had been later ordained as bishops of SOC in
America and Canada in 1963. These short letters which express gratitude and
recognition of the author`s diligent work across several decades provide an
opportunity to understand how the highest ranking officials of the Church
reacted to the publication of the exiled authors`s History of the Serbian
Orthodox Church in emigration. Up until late 1980s, this work had been
unwanted and hard to find in Yugoslavia and had not been accessible in the
state libraries, nor at the historical Institutes.
Parallel normative reality: The informal order of corruption and clientelism in Serbia
Authors: Vukovic Danilo , Spaic Bojan
Published: January 2023

In contemporary Serbia, political and economic elite members systematically
break the law with impunity. The paper explains this phenomenon by relying
on theory and data from legal theory, sociology, and political science. The
behaviour of officials in contemporary Serbia can be explained by analysing
complex interactions between state law and informal norms that arise from
informal institutions of clientelism and corruption. These norms form a
parallel normative order (1) composed of mutual expectations regarding the
behaviour of others and consequences for not complying with these
expectations. (2) It is based on social and political powers that strengthen
informal institutions and the normative order. (3) Norms of this order
regulate the behaviour of actors, and (4) they are mutually harmonised, with
the norm of loyalty central to the normative order. (5) The parallel
normative system suspends state law for political and economic actors who
respect informal rules while using mechanisms, rules, and resources of state
law to sanction violations of informal norms that are considered crucial for
maintaining the informal order. The relation between formal state law and
the informal normative order is one of conflict, competition, and
parasitisation. To elaborate on these findings, we explain the concepts of
informal rules, institutions, and orders, along with an exposition and
analysis of typologies of their relations. We then present and analyse
empirical research data about corruption and clientelism in Serbia. Finally,
based on the theoretical framework and the available data, we conclude that
there is ample evidence that a parallel normative order is established and
sustained in Serbia.