bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Aging: A Thematic Review
Authors: Roger Kerstin Stieber , Mignone Javier , Kirkland Susan
Published: August 2013

Il manque de recherche spécifique qui décrit les aspects sociaux du vieillissement avec le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine/syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise (VIH/SIDA) au Canada, malgré une augmentation globale de la population viellissante et l’augmentation du nombre de ceux qui vieillissent avec le VIH/SIDA. Une revue systématique de la littérature été menée en se focalisant sélectivement sur les aspects sociaux aux personnes âgées vivant avec le VIH/SIDA. Les thèmes principaux qui se dégagent dans la littérature sont l’âgisme et la stigmatisation, le sexe, la santé mentale et les soutiens sociales. On présente des recommandations sur la recherche à l’avenir, les modèles théoriques, et le programmatisation.
General Jackson's Passports: Natural Rights and Sovereign Citizens in the Political Thought of Andrew Jackson, 1780s–1820s
Authors: Opal J.M.
Published: August 2013

This essay examines the development of Andrew Jackson's ideas about nationalism, citizenship, and sovereignty within the southern borderlands of the post-Revolutionary United States. It argues that he was in many respects a conventional borderlands leader—that is, someone with little sense of attachment to any particular polity, who speculated in Indian lands while pursuing commercial ventures through American, Spanish, and Native jurisdictions. But an especially devastating war between the settlers of Middle Tennessee and some Cherokee warriors during the 1790s forced Jackson and others to articulate their attachment to the United States in new ways. Bitterly rejecting a Federalist model of citizenship that assumed clear territorial limits, they invented a new “protection covenant,” whereby the people themselves, imagined within a brutal state of nature, retained full sovereignty to deploy violence. In addition to a fresh look at Jackson, the article demonstrates the importance of international as well as Constitutional law in the formation of early American nationalism.
Revisiting transmission and diffusion: An agent-based model of vowel chain shifts across large communities
Authors: Stanford James N. , Kenny Laurence A.
Published: August 2013

In this study, we present the first agent-based simulation of vowel chain shifts across large communities, providing a parsimonious reinterpretation of Labov's (2007) notions of transmission, diffusion, and incrementation. Labov determined that parent-to-child transmission faithfully reproduces structural patterns such as the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), but adult-to-adult diffusion does not. NCS is transmitted faithfully to new generations of U.S. Inland North children. But St. Louis speakers, depending only on adult-adult contact, only attain an incomplete, unsystematic version. Labov (2007) attributed the difference to children's superior language-learning ability; transmission and diffusion are categorically different processes in that approach. By contrast, our multiagent simulation suggests that such transmission/diffusion effects can be derived by simple density of interactions and simple exemplar learning; we also find that incrementation is a natural outcome of this model. Unlike Labov (2007), this model does not require a dichotomy between transmission and diffusion. While dichotomous assumptions about child versus adult learning may be necessary in other contexts, our results suggest that the NCS effects in Labov (2007) may be explained economically in terms of simple density of interactions between speakers. Our results also provide an agent-based perspective supporting and explicating the notion of speech community.
Null subjects in Old English
Authors: Walkden George
Published: August 2013

The possibility of referential null subjects in Old English has been the subject of conflicting assertions. Hulk and van Kemenade (1995:245) stated that “the phenomenon of referentialpro-drop does not exist in Old English,” but van Gelderen (2000:137) claimed that “Old English has pro-drop.” This paper presents a systematic quantitative investigation of referential null subjects in Old English, drawing on the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE; Taylor, Warner, Pintzuk, & Beths, 2003) and the York-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry (YCOEP; Pintzuk & Plug, 2001). The results indicate substantial variation between texts. In those texts that systematically exhibit null subjects, these are much rarer in subordinate clauses, with first- and second-person null subjects also being rare. I argue that the theory of identification of null subjects by rich verbal agreement is not sufficient to explain the Old English phenomenon, and instead I develop an account based on Holmberg's (2010) analysis of partial null subject languages.
Transatlantic variation in English adverb placement
Authors: Waters Cathleen
Published: August 2013

This study examines the placement of an adverb with respect to a modal or perfect auxiliary in English (e.g.,It might potentially escape/It potentially might escape). The data are drawn from two large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (Toronto, Canada, and York, England) and thus allow a cross-dialect perspective on linguistic and social correlates. Using quantitative sociolinguistic methods, I demonstrate similarity in the varieties, with the postauxiliary position generally strongly favored. Of particular importance is the structure of the auxiliary phrase; when a modal is followed by the perfect auxiliary (e.g.,It might have escaped), the rates of preauxiliary adverb placement are considerably higher. As the variation is chiefly correlated with linguistic, rather than social factors, I apply recent proposals from Generative syntax to further understand the grammar of the phenomenon. However, the evidence suggests that the variability seen here is a result of postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, processes.
Melancthon's “Synergism.”
Authors: Foster Frank Hugh
Published: August 2013

The problems of anthropology depend for their solution in an unusually large degree upon psychology. While the evangelical church looks to the Bible for the materials of its theology, it still depends upon the use of human reason in the interpretation and adjustment of the materials there presented. Especially is this true in the matter of conversion and related doctrines. The language of the Bible is general, rhetorical, theological, practical, or popular, as you may choose to call it, but not strict, philosophical, theoretical, or scientific. The ultimate facts of the doctrine may be perfectly clear to the biblical student, but the adjustment of those facts in a dogmatic system will depend largely upon his ability as a thinker to see in the facts what the biblical writers have not thought fit to utter in express terms, and this upon his mental equipment for his task, or, in other words, upon his knowledge of the constitution and operations of the human mind, within which the process of conversion goes on. The history of Melancthon's “synergism” brings this peculiarity of the subject before us in a very interesting way, for clearer ideas as to the nature of the soul went, in his case, hand in hand with the alterations of the theological system; and thus his efforts to arrive at a statement of the process of conversion which should be at once true to the Scriptures and to the consciousness and the moral necessities of man, are not only interesting as the mental history of a great mind, but throw light upon the interrelations of anthropology and psychology, give us many suggestions as to the interpretation to be put upon the Reformation theology at the present day, and may serve to reveal the lines upon which all progress in respect to these questions is to be sought.
A Note on the Need of a Complete Missionary History in English
Authors: Jackson Samuel Macauley
Published: August 2013

In the fall of 1887 the author began, at his own instance, the preparation of a complete missionary bibliography in all languages as a preliminary to a study of the subject of foreign missions. A selection from it is to be found in the Report of the Centenary Conference on Foreign Missions, London, 1888, 2 vols. (vol. I., pp. 491–538).
The Corruption of Christianity through Paganism during the First Two Centuries
Authors: Lewis Abram Herbert
Published: August 2013

Genuine “Higher Criticism” ought to be applied yet more to the first two centuries of Christian history, to unearth new material, and carefully analyze and classify that which we have. This should be done without polemic intent, and free from the perverting influences of controversy relating to Apostolic Succession, Dogmatic Theology, or Denominational History.
Some Relics of Early Presbyterianism in Maryland
Authors: McIlvain James William
Published: August 2013

There are among the archives of Maryland preserved at Annapolis (the colonial records are perhaps the best in the country) some curious documentary proofs of the existence of a large number of Puritans in the colony. Indeed, these State papers contain almost all the account that we have of their presence there at an early date, as all their purely ecclesiastical documents have perished. They were there, however, from a very early period, and in such large numbers, that Maryland cannot be called a Roman Catholic colony in the sense that Massachusetts can be called a Puritan colony, or Virginia a colony of the Cavaliers. The Protestants were in the majority from the very beginning, as the reports of the Jesuit fathers clearly show. The celebrated Act of Toleration was evidently a compromise between the Lord Proprietor and his Protestant subjects, a piece of legislation which reflects great credit upon the common-sense of Lord Baltimore, even if we may suspect that on this occasion he made a virtue of necessity. Of these Protestants so large a number were Puritans in their sympathies, that they ruled the colony during the Commonwealth, passing a law, which is little to their credit, which deprived both Papists and prelatists of any part in the government. For a long time the colony continued Puritan in its tone. So late as 1676 Lord Baltimore objected to the proposed action of the Privy Council of England looking toward the establishment of the Church of the mother country as the established church of Maryland, on the ground that the large majority of the inhabitants of the province were either Presbyterians, Independents, or Quakers. He represents those of his own faith as being but a small minority. The Episcopalians, also, did not form a majority until some time after the establishment of the Church of England, at the beginning of the next century.
The Place of Church History in the College Course of Study
Authors: MacCracken Henry Mitchell
Published: August 2013

Church history is the story of the important events in the existence of a visible, organized body of persons professing faith in Christ as the divine Saviour. Which body, some would add, possesses a direct succession from the apostles under and through a continuous episcopate, or, as others would add, under and through the Roman Pontiffs.

It is the story of how Christians have believed within themselves, which is theology, of how they have behaved before one another and the world, which is morality, how they have worshipped God, which constitutes religious rites and observances, how they have governed their brethren, which is ecclesiastical discipline, how they have multiplied their friends, which is missions, and how they have received benefit or injury as a body from the world outside, which constitutes the Church's secular relationship.
The Religious Motives of Christopher Columbus
Authors: Gillett William Kendall , Gillett Charles Ripley
Published: August 2013

The question has been often asked whether there were any religious motives dominant in the mind of Columbus and his royal patrons when the expedition toward the unknown West was undertaken. Those who would fain canonize the discoverer of a new world appear unable to see any other guiding motive, and they also earnestly desire to impress their belief upon all the world. Others, differently inclined, seem to have difficulty in finding anything other than a base and ignoble love of gold and an overweening desire for power and fame in the proposals or the subsequent career of the adventurer. The question is then, first as to the very existence of such motives at all, and secondarily, if they are found to exist, as to the position which they occupied in the minds of the parties concerned, and the extent to which later occurrences stamped them as genuine or spurious; formative in their influence, or merely put forward as a pretext and makeweight in argument.
Christian Unity, or the Kingdom of Heaven
Authors: Davidson Thomas
Published: August 2013

No one can doubt that, if the Christian Church were one in spirit, and one in organization for work, she would fulfil her appointed mission better than she does. Indeed, since the establishment of brotherly love is a chief part of that mission, so long as that love is wanting, so long she fails in her mission. It may be safely said that no single cause so effectually obstructs Christianity within the Church, and none so prevents its acceptance outside, as the schisms and enmities whereby she is divided against herself. While she thus offers a ready text to her critics, detractors, and opponents, how can she hope to conquer the world for brotherly love?

Whatever weighty reasons there may have been in days gone by for rending to pieces the Christian body; whatever advantages may have seemed likely to spring therefrom, that rending, being an absolute belying of the Christian spirit, was, in itself, an unmixed evil. The Church that had so far lost the spirit of Christian love, as not to be ready to bear all things, believe all things, hope all things, endure all things, rather than fall to pieces, was not the Church of Christ. No corruption or abuse, however glaring, could ever constitute a sufficient excuse for schism or revolt. Schism may be allowable in every other institution: in the Church of Christ it is forever forbidden; for the reason that her very essence is the unity of brotherly love, and where that fails, she fails. As St. Ignatius says: “If any one followeth one that maketh a schism, he doth not inherit the kingdom of God.” (Philad., iii.)
The Confessional History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States
Authors: Nicum John
Published: August 2013

To the earliest Protestant communions which found a home upon the hospitable shores of North America belongs the Evangelical Lutheran Church. As early as 1638 a colony, professing the Lutheran faith, arrived from Sweden. They purchased from the Indians a tract of land, lying in Eastern Pennsylvania and in the present State of Delaware, established a number of churches, built houses of worship, and were served by devout and liberally educated ministers.
St. Thomas of Canterbury
Authors: Schaff Philip
Published: August 2013

This magnificent work is part of a series of Rerum Britannic: Medii Ævi Scriptores, or “Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages,” published under direction of the Master of the Rolls as part of the Rolls. It embraces all the important contemporary materials for the history of Thomas. Vols. i.–iv. contain the contemporary Vitæ (by William of Canterbury, Benedict of Peterborough, Edward Grim, Roger of Pontigny, William Fitz-Stephen, John of Salisbury, Alan of Tewkesbury, and Herbert of Bosham, etc.); vols. v.–vii., the Epistolæ, i. e., the whole correspondence relating to Thomas. (An eighth and last volume is to contain the French Lives, edited by Paul Meyer.)
The Services of the Mathers in New England Religious Development
Authors: Walker Williston
Published: August 2013

It is a fact of general observation that hereditary talent is rare. The history of our country, whether in the ecclesiastical or secular field, shows but few instances in which prominent service has been rendered by three generations of the same lineage. There have been, indeed, conspicuous exceptions to this wellnigh universal rule. The Winthrops and the Adamses of Massachusetts, for instance, or the Edwardses in the Connecticut valley, have placed their country in debt to their successive generations. But these illustrations are noticeable for their uncommonness. They seem to defy the universal law; and we look upon them with interest because, while they reveal the possibility of an aristocracy of birth and service, they show that the democratic constitution of America accords substantially with the general principles which govern our race in its development.
The Italian Renaissance of To-day
Authors: Scott George Robert White
Published: August 2013

Those were red-letter days in 1890, when in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany the learned and beloved President of our Society was my almost daily guide, teacher, and companion.
The Schaff Memorial Meeting, Wednesday, December 27, 1893. Dr. Schaff as a Bible Student and Reviser
Authors: Chambers Talbot Wilson
Published: August 2013

Although Dr. Schaff's favorite pursuit was Historical Theology, and to this his life was consecrated, yet exegesis always attracted his attention. This was one of the two subjects upon which he lectured as privat-docent at the beginning of his university career. And it was the theme of the chair he occupied in the Union Theological Seminary from 1875 until he was called to succeed Dr. R. D. Hitchcock in Church History. It also occupied his attention in the Scripture Commentaries, which he edited, and of which he was in part the author. Although in early life he studied both Testaments, and at one time gave instruction in Hebrew, yet in after years he devoted himself mainly to the Greek Testament, and here his profiting: appeared unto all.
Dr. Schaff as Uniting Teutonic and Anglo-Saxon Scholarship
Authors: Hurst John Fletcher
Published: August 2013

In the summer of 1843 there called at the plain and obscure study of a young man in Berlin two visitors from America. They were a committee in search of a professor of theology in the German Reformed Theological Seminary, in Mercers-burg, Pennsylvania. They had consulted Tholuck, Julius Müller, and Neander, as to the most fitting man for the position. All pointed to young Schaff. The delegates visited him to make the offer in person. Though only twenty-four years old, he had given strong proof of his ecumenical quality. A native of Switzerland, he had gone to Tübingen and Halle for his initial theological studies; had been drawn later to Berlin to complete them, under that “last of the Church Fathers,” Neander; and had made an iter academicum to Italy. He was now entering upon his duties as an academic teacher in the University of Berlin. He accepted the call to America. But he was not to leave the Old World without giving still further proof of that intense cosmopolitan spirit which grew with his years and expanding knowledge. The young Teuton was already eager to learn of Anglo-Saxon theology. It was a prophecy of his later unifying power.
Dr. Schaff and the Lutheran Church
Authors: Jacobs Henry Eyster
Published: August 2013

No theologian, we believe it can be confidently asserted, was so familiar with the life and history of the churches that have found a home in America, as was Dr. Schaff. His name was pre-eminently that which would have been given by an intelligent representative of any of the larger communions as that of the one scholar outside of his Church who best knew it. His rare intellectual activity, his unwearied habits of research, and his marvellous memory were aided by his constant personal contact with leaders of the various phases of religious thought, and his warm sympathy for what he deemed the most essential factors of religious life wherever found.
Dr. Schaff and the Episcopal Church
Authors: Tiffany C. C.
Published: August 2013

Concerning the Episcopal Church Dr. Schaff writes as follows, in his “Paper on the Reunion of Christendom,” prepared for the Parliament of Religions and the National Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, held in Chicago September and October, 1893:

“The Episcopal Church of England, the most churchly of the Reformed family, is a glorious Church, for she gave to the English-speaking world the best version of the Holy Scriptures and the best Prayer Book; she preserved the order and dignity of the ministry and public worship; she nursed the knowledge and love of antiquity, and enriched the treasury of Christian literature; and by the Anglo-Catholic Revival under the moral, intellectual, and poetic leadership of these shining lights of Oxford, Pusey, Newman, and Keble, she infused new life into her institutions and customs, and prepared the way for a better understanding between Anglicanism and Romanism.”
Tribute from Rev. Joseph Henry Allen, D.D., of the Unitarian Church
Authors: Allen Joseph Henry
Published: August 2013

I am indebted to your kindness for the opportunity of adding a word to the many testimonials of gratitude and respect which the memory of Dr. Schaff has called forth. It is, indeed, little more than a word of apology that I can speak of him very inadequately at best, for rarely have our paths run together in so vast a field as that which includes them both; and of regret when I think how much more fit a word might have been said by my dear and venerated friend, Professor A. P. Peabody, whose versatile studies extended as broadly as the wide range of the Christian fellowship he rejoiced in. You remind me of the special service which Dr. Schaff has rendered, by the breadth of his intellectual sympathies, to that goodly fellowship of Christian scholars which it is one chief aim of our Society to promote and cultivate. I owe to this same motive of his labors the one opportunity I have had of meeting him personally, at a reception given in Boston on occasion of the completed Revision of the English Bible, which he, without doubt, has done more than any other to introduce and to interpret intelligently to our own public,—when I saw for myself something of the urbanity and kindliness that have made this great scholar so widely loved and esteemed as a gentleman and a friend. More than any other single service rendered to me personally, I recall the value and help I found, at a particular period of study, in that admirably conceived and edited work, The Creeds of Christendom.
Benjamin Schmolck, Author of “My Jesus, as Thou Wilt!” A Monograph
Authors: Rankin Jeremiah Eames
Published: August 2013

Benjamin Schmolck, the author of the favorite hymn “My Jesus, as thou wilt!”, was born in Brauchitsdorf, Silesia, December 21, 1672. It is registered in the Calendar as St. Thomas' Day, and Schmolck says that it often led him, in the troubles of his spirit, to think of the wounded side and the bleeding nail-prints of his Saviour. He was contemporary with a kindred spirit and lyric poet, John Anastasius Freilinghausen, born the same month, though two years later, and dying two years earlier, and on the same day of the month with himself. His father, Martin Schmolck, was for twelve years associate-pastor at Schniedsberg, where he wedded Rosina Dehmel, daughter of Martin Dehmel. In 1665, the senior Schmolck was made pastor of Brauchitsdorf, Liegnitz, a village of some eight hundred inhabitants, where he remained forty-seven years; a man fatherly, faithful, and indefatigable in his office. Benjamin, the hymn-writer, was his fourth child; and him the father solemnly dedicated to the work of the Christian ministry, baptising him on the fourth day after his birth.
Faust and the Clementine Recognitions
Authors: Richardson Ernest Cushing
Published: August 2013

It is with hesitation that any one at this day adds to the appalling mass of Faust literature, but two facts have led to the present paper: 1. The exhaustive work of Kiesewetter on the historical and traditional Faust, just published, and the equally interesting and exhaustive work of Faligan, published in 1888, practically ignore the most plausible hypothesis of the very origin of this story. 2. There are two or three matters of undoubted pertinency which have not hitherto been brought to bear on the subject. The discussion of these will at least bring together lines which have been followed out too independently, and, with the addition of one or two facts and observations, will furnish a positive historical hypothesis which may hope to prove the solution.
Prayers for the Dead
Authors: Williams Gilbert Fearing
Published: August 2013

On tombs of ancient Egypt have been found inscribed requests, as from those buried beneath them, that passers-by would pray for them. Here and here alone in all the ancient world we first find such praying held to be of any avail to the departed. Later and later it becomes a characteristic doctrine by consequence, of the views of ancient Paganism almost everywhere concerning the dead. In pagan Greece the very chief of the philosophers, and in pagan Rome the poets so view the condition of the departed as to make inevitable the thought of praying to effect some improvement in their condition. In the modern Paganism of India we have the burdensome services of the Srádd'ha or funeral obsequies for the repose of the dead, and for the securing of the efficacy of which it is inculcated that “donations of cattle, land, gold, silver, and other things” should be made by the man himself at the approach of death, or, “if he be too weak, by another in his name.”
Dr. Schaff as an Historian
Authors: Fisher George Park
Published: August 2013

I cannot begin this brief paper respecting our honored friend, the late President (who was also the founder) of this Society, without expressing my sense of personal bereavement in connection with his death. His unfailing vivacity, his amiable temper, his generous recognition of contemporary scholars in the same field with himself, and his loyal friendship, may well cause us to lament that his genial presence will no more be with us. He had long been a living, visible link, binding us to Germany, the land of scholars, the country which to many of us is an intellectual fatherland. Circumstances—or, what is the same thing, the leadings of Providence—conspired to fit him for that cosmopolitan place and versatile activity which characterized him. A Swiss by birth, but of German extraction, besides his early training in South Germany he studied at the three universities of Tübingen, Halle, and Berlin. Born and bred in the Reformed branch of the Protestant family, he was thus brought into intercourse in his youth with such men as Neander, Tholuck, and Müller, the great lights of the liberal, evangelical—I will not say party, for they were of no party, but class, among the Lutherans. His theological studies were not less diversified than his personal associations.
Some Elements in the Making of the United States
Authors: Small Charles Herbert
Published: August 2013

The erection of a building requires the preparation of a quantity of material elsewhere. The national structure is no exception. The making of the United States was not begun when the first settlements were established on these shores; the materials were brought from far and wide. Many of the stones built into the foundation of this Republic were hewn out by the Reformation; the formation of the quarries reaches far back. It is not the purpose of this paper to examine the quarries or the work done in them; we will leave this research to others and to another time.
Judge Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), A Typical Massachusetts Puritan
Authors: Ewell John Lewis
Published: August 2013

The publication of the Sewall diary and letters was begun by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1878 and went on for ten years. The result is five goodly octavo volumes.

These make a quarry that has been very largely drawn upon. Dr. Green, the librarian of the Society, told the writer last summer that no other of their publications had had such a sale, and that the demand for them still continues; but the material is so great and its character so rich that the writer would hope that there may still be room for his modest sketch. He has aimed to look at the Judge throughout as typical of the stock from which he sprung and of the province and age in which he lived.
The Teachings of Antonio Rosmini and the Censures Passed upon them by Ecclesiastical Authority
Authors: Sheldon Henry Clay
Published: August 2013

Antonio Rosmini Serbati, who was born at Rovereto in the Italian Tyrol, in 1797, was well equipped in spirit to make a good use of the advantages which fell to him as the son of a noble family and heir to a large estate. From the period of youth the zeal and devotion of his serious nature were given to religion and philosophy. Among the standing memorials of his service to the former is the Institute of the Brethren of Charity. His ambition to promote the latter is attested by a group of writings which vies in bulk with the contributions of the most prolific of modern philosophers.
The Development of the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Roman See
Authors: Ayer Joseph Cullen
Published: August 2013

The jurisdiction of the Roman See is, and always has been, a point of controversy, not merely between the adherents of that see and all other Christians, but even among those who look with reverence akin to devotion to the successor of St. Peter. It is not merely a legal question, it is essentially a theological question, and as a doctrine it must be de jure divino. Accordingly, it has been discussed with that acrimony which as from a psychological necessity is characteristic of so many theological disputes. But discussion of the development of the doctrine and practice does not necessarily involve polemics. For a doctrine may be true or false, and to show this is a matter of exegesis and systematic theology, but to show that as finally stated it was the result of a long development is not to touch upon the question of its truth at all. Thus one may ask as to a doctrine closely connected with that we are to discuss, does the teaching of the Church as stated in the Bull, Unam Sanctam, appear in the second or third century as an article of belief required to be held by all Christians as a condition for receiving the sacraments? To show that it does not so appear, is merely to show what nearly every one acknowledges as to almost any doctrine not involved in modern polemics, that in the earliest ages they were not formulated with any great precision, in fact were expressed in forms sometimes afterward regarded as even heretical.
Hincmar: An Introduction to the Study of the Revolution in the Organization of the Church in the Ninth Century
Authors: Lee Guy Carleton
Published: August 2013

In a consideration of the ninth century we realize that the Frankish world was bound to the old Roman world by more potent ties than those of memory. As we study the so-called superficial continuations of Roman institutions we discover that they are not dead and worthless relics, but living things. They grow even as we examine them. They strike deep roots into the very heart of Frankish institutions.
Exploring the Effect of Case Formulation Driven CBT for Children with Anxiety Disorders: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Esbjørn Barbara H. , Reinholdt-Dunne Marie Louise , Nielsen Sara K. , Smith Abigael C. , Breinholst Sonja , Leth Ingrid
Published: August 2013

Background: Little is known about the effect of case-formulation based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for anxious children. Aim: The present study explores the feasibility of case-formulation driven CBT for anxious children. Parents were involved in treatment as either co-facilitators (involved only as the child's assistants, treatment being primarily directed at the child), or as co-clients (parents received therapy targeting theoretically established maintaining mechanisms; children received half of the sessions, parents the other half). Method: Feasibility of the case-formulation driven CBT was established by comparing the completion rate and the percentage of children free of anxiety after treatment, with manualized treatments reported in existing meta-analyses. Children aged 7–12 years and their parents participated (n = 54). Families were assessed at pre- and posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: All families completed treatment and the percentage of recovery in the case-formulation driven approach was comparable to results obtained in manualized treatments. Conclusion: The findings from this stage I study supports the notion that a case-formulation driven approach to CBT may be a feasible option when selecting treatment for anxious children; however, further studies must be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Seeking diversification through efficient portfolio construction using cash-based and derivative instruments
Authors: Jones M. W.
Published: August 2013

Diversification across asset classes has declined markedly in the last decade and concerns abound about the ability (or lack) of the financial system to weather another 2008-like event. There is a growing volume of academic literature seeking to derive measurement variables for detecting systemic risk. There is clearly a role for the actuarial profession within this discussion and we hope that this paper can engender further discussions and papers on this specific issue.

Just as diversification across conventional asset classes has decreased there has been greater attention paid to the broader array of potential investment strategies that can be accessed via derivatives. The paper explores the prudent management of derivatives in pension funds and general asset portfolios to improve portfolio efficiency both in terms of implementing investment strategies and in broadening the range of investment opportunities for building an efficient investment portfolio from a risk-based perspective.
Serotonergic hallucinogens as translational models relevant to schizophrenia
Authors: Halberstadt Adam L. , Geyer Mark A.
Published: August 2013

One of the oldest models of schizophrenia is based on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens such as mescaline, psilocybin, and (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which act through the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. These compounds produce a ‘model psychosis’ in normal individuals that resembles at least some of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Based on these similarities, and because evidence has emerged that the serotonergic system plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in some patients, animal models relevant to schizophrenia have been developed based on hallucinogen effects. Here we review the behavioural effects of hallucinogens in four of those models, the receptor and neurochemical mechanisms for the effects and their translational relevance. Despite the difficulty of modelling hallucinogen effects in nonverbal species, animal models of schizophrenia based on hallucinogens have yielded important insights into the linkage between 5-HT and schizophrenia and have helped to identify receptor targets and interactions that could be exploited in the development of new therapeutic agents.
When Do Interest Groups Contact Bureaucrats Rather than Politicians? Evidence on Fire Alarms and Smoke Detectors from Japan
Authors: SCHEINER ETHAN , PEKKANEN ROBERT , MURAMATSU MICHIO , KRAUSS ELLIS
Published: August 2013

What determines whether interest groups choose to contact politicians or bureaucrats? Despite the importance of this question for policymaking, democracy, and some prominent principal-agent understandings of politics, it is relatively unexplored in the literature. We argue that government stability plays a major part in interest groups’ decisions. That is, central to interest groups’ decisions is their assessment of the likelihood that politicians currently in power will continue to be in the future. We deduce logical, but totally contrasting hypotheses, about how interest groups lobby under such conditions of uncertainty and then test these using a heteroskedastic probit model that we apply to a unique longitudinal survey of interest groups in Japan. We find that when it is unclear if the party controlling the government will maintain power in the future, interest groups are more likely to contact the bureaucracy. When it is believed that the party in power will retain control for a considerable period, interest groups are more inclined to contact politicians. In addition, during times of government uncertainty, interest groups that are supportive of the governing party (or parties) are more likely to contact politicians and those that are less supportive will be more likely to contact bureaucrats.
The New Generation of Conservative Politicians in Japan
Authors: BABB JAMES
Published: August 2013

This study examines the extent to which there has been a rise in ideologically based politics in Japan due to the decline in factionalism in the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). The study is based on two cases studies. The first is based on the notion of ‘Koizumi's children’ recruited by former Prime Minister Koizumi and his allies, who were heavily discouraged from joining a faction. The second model is based on an analysis of a junior MP groups which have played a role in the internal management of the LDP independent of established party organizational structures.
ASEAN Paradigm Shift from a State to People-Oriented Organization: A Neo-Communitarian Perspective
Authors: SANI MOHD AZIZUDDIN MOHD , HARA ABUBAKAR EBY
Published: August 2013

This paper attempts to examine the paradigm shift in ASEAN from a state-based to a people-based organization. We argue that by adopting a people-based organization, ASEAN now enters an era of Neo-Communitarianism replacing the Old Communitarianism of the old generation of ASEAN. By using communitarian perspectives, we look at the continuities and changes in ASEAN with regard to how it deals with issues involving their members. Three important issues namely the debates on intervention principle; the adoption of the three pillars of the ASEAN Community; and the inclusion of human rights are seen as the signposts where ASEAN departs from their Old to a Neo-Communitarianism. Although there have been a lot of challenges to the realization of the people-based organization, we see that the dynamics of debates and the active participation of the community in the debates show good prospects for the new paradigm to realize. In this paper, we use debate on the formation of ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (ICHR), to show the involvements of people in setting the agendas for the future ASEAN.
Contemporary Arab Uprisings: Different Processes and Outcomes
Authors: NIAKOOEE SEYED AMIR
Published: August 2013

Thus far, recent protests in the Arab world have led to different political outcomes including regime change, civil war, and suppression by regime. The present paper explores the reasons behind these different outcomes. The research methodology is a comparative case study approach, and five countries of Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Libya, and Syria are examined. The hypothesis is that the different political outcomes of the protests are due to a combination of factors, including the level of mobilization of anti-regime movements, the responses of national militaries, and finally the reaction of international powers. Different configurations of these components in the crisis-stricken countries have led to different political outcomes.
Irish Citizens’ Attitudes to Pension Reform and Redistribution
Authors: Abid Yosr , O'Donoghue Cathal
Published: August 2013

In order to assess people's preferences regarding potential reforms of the Irish state pension system, we surveyed a sample of the Irish adult population about their opinion on a selection of measures and issues related to the redistributive principles and parameters of the pension scheme. Even though very few people are well informed about the pension system, we observe a kind of homogeneity regarding perceptions about the way public pension benefits should be provided. As far as we know, this article represents the first attempt to elicit people's preferences for reforming the state Irish pension system using stated preferences techniques.
Final decisions: How hospice enrollment prompts meaningful choices about life closure
Authors: Waldrop Deborah P. , Meeker Mary Ann
Published: August 2013

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe decisions that faced newly enrolled hospice patients and their caregivers after hospice enrollment.

Method:

An exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed using qualitative methods. In-depth in-person interviews were conducted with current hospice patients (n = 35) and caregivers (n = 45) from 53 families.

Results:

The decision to enroll in hospice was a critical juncture on the trajectory of a terminal illness that allowed patients and their families an opportunity to consider subsequent tasks that were important for life closure. A typology of five decisions is presented: (1) operationalized advance care planning (ACP): a renewed focus on decisions about care at life's end; (2) surrogate decision-making: caregivers begin making both informal and formal decisions for the dying person; (3) meaning-making: the foreshortened time brings into focus decisions about seeing special people, attending events, and creating memories; (4) Location of death: decisions about whether the person wants to and can remain at home to die; and (5) final acts: decisions about funeral arrangements, wills, and leaving a legacy become central. ACP was found to exist on a continuum that ranged from absent ACP, dormant ACP, simplified ACP to activated ACP. Hospice enrollment became a catalyst for reactivating discussion of end-of-life choices.

Significance of results:

Hospice enrollment prompts the need to consider subsequent important choices that contribute to meaningful life closure, are central to the completion of a family relationship, and may influence adaptation in bereaved caregivers. It is important for clinicians to recognize that well-timed encouragement to consider and explore the use of hospice services, although it may indeed diminish hope for cure or recovery, simultaneously offers an opportunity to engage with important and time-sensitive developmental tasks.
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder at the end-of-life: Application of the stepwise psychosocial palliative care model
Authors: Feldman David B. , Sorocco Kristen H. , Bratkovich Kristi L.
Published: August 2013

Objectives:

Feldman (2011) has proposed a new approach to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals at the end-of-life known as Stepwise Psychosocial Palliative Care (SPPC). This approach helps to compensate for the disadvantages of existing PTSD interventions with regard to treating patients with life-limiting and terminal illnesses by employing a palliative care philosophy. The model relies on cognitive and behavioral techniques drawn from evidence-based approaches to PTSD, deploying them in a stage-wise manner designed to allow for interventions to track with patents’ needs and prognoses. Because this model is relatively new, we seek to explore issues related to its implementation in the complex settings in which providers encounter patients at the end-of-life. We also seek to provide concrete guidance to providers regarding the management of PTSD at the end-of-life in diverse palliative care settings.

Methods:

We examine three specific cases in which the SPPC model was utilized, highlighting particular treatment challenges and strategies. These case studies provide information regarding the SPPC model's application to patients in two distinct palliative care settings—a palliative care consult team and an inpatient palliative care unit.

Results:

The SPPC model's stage-wise approach allows for its flexible use given a variety of constraints related to setting and patient issues.

Significance of results:

The SPPC model provides an alternative to existing psychosocial treatments for PTSD that may be more appropriate for patients at the end of life.
Cancer distress screening data: Translating knowledge into clinical action for a quality response
Authors: Howell Doris , Hack Thomas F. , Green Esther , Fitch Margaret
Published: August 2013

Objectives:

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the use of the knowledge to action framework for adapting guidelines for practice and the evidence for effective implementation interventions to promote a quality response to cancer distress screening data.

Methods:

We summarize progress in screening implementation in Ontario, Canada and the application of a systematic approach for adapting knowledge to practice and use of evidence-based knowledge translation interventions to ensure the uptake of best practices to manage distress.

Results:

While significant progress has been made in the uptake of distress screening it is less clear if this has resulted in improvements in patient outcomes, i.e., reduced distress. The use of evidence-based knowledge translation strategies tailored to barriers at many levels of care delivery is critical to facilitate the uptake of distress screening data by the primary oncology team.

Significance of results:

There is a wealth of knowledge about the approaches that can be applied to translate knowledge into practice to improve psychosocial care and promote evidence-based distress management by the primary care oncology team. However, further implementation research is needed to advance knowledge about the most effective strategies in the context of cancer care.
Compact and high-performance feed systems for prime-focus reflector antennas
Authors: Gupta Ramesh Chandra , Sood Khagindra K. , Jyoti Rajeev
Published: August 2013

This paper reports design and successful development of new and high performance transmit and receive feed systems for reflector antennas at “lower-extended C-band”. The horns are analyzed and optimized using the mode-matching technique-based software CHAMP. Other feed components are designed with the aid of the mode-matching technique and finite element method based softwares viz. MICIAN and HFSS. The predicted radio frequency (rf) performances comply with the measured results with small deviation. Some issues related to feed system such as impact of horn outer structure; such as base for tooling ball, feed bracket for struts etc. on its rf performance are discussed. It is shown that the outer feed structure plays a significant role apart from the internal cavity of the horn for prediction of electrical performance of the feed system. Besides high rf performance; good mechanical properties such as compactness and ease to fabrication are achieved through innovative feed design.