bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand Estimation and Ordering Under Censoring: Stock-Out Timing Is (Almost) All You Need
Authors: Jain Aditya , Rudi Nils , Wang Tong
Published: December 2014

Retailers facing uncertain demand can use observed sales to update demand estimates. However, such learning is limited by the amount of inventory carried; when demand exceeds inventory (i.e., when a stock-out event occurs), a retailer in general cannot observe actual demand. We propose using observations on the timing of sales occurrences in a Bayesian fashion to learn about demand, and we analyze this learning method for a multiperiod newsvendor setting. We find that, as previously shown with the use of only stock-out event observations, the optimal order quantity with timing observations is greater than the optimal order quantity with full demand observations. We prove this result using a novel methodology from the statistics literature on comparison of experiments. Although the optimal over-ordering with timing observations tends to be less than that with only stock-out event observations in most cases, we do observe cases where the opposite is true. Such cases correspond to high demand uncertainty and low margins, where marginal learning from timing observations is significantly higher than using only a stock-out event. In an extensive numerical study we find that, on average and with respect to uncensored demand observations, the use of timing observations eliminates 76.1% of the loss in expected profit from using only stock-out event observations. We show that, for Poisson and normal demand with unknown mean, the proposed learning method is tractable as well as intuitively appealing: the information contained in the timing of sales occurrences is fully captured by a single number—the timing of stock-out. We also investigate checkpoint models in which the newsvendor can make observations only at predetermined times in a period, and illustrate its convergence to the models with timing and stock-out event observations.
Micrographia del chapín: La virilla de plata del Siglo de Oro
Authors: Cirnigliaro Noelia
Published: November 2014

¿Cuál es la potencia discursiva de una miniatura? ¿Qué posibilidades reflexivas se activan cuando un objeto minúsculo se coloca en el centro de una discusión sobre esferas de la cultura tan complejas y cercanas como la moda, la moral o la economía? Este estudio busca dar respuesta a estas preguntas al analizar las funciones de la virilla de plata en la producción teatral y tratadística áureas. La virilla de plata fue un ornamento pequeño y de lujo que embellecía y encarecía el chapín, una forma de calzado de plataforma para la mujer. La comedia del siglo de oro hizo de la virilla uno de sus motivos más recurrentes al retratar las nuevas modas y costumbres sartoriales y ornamentales. Lo hizo siempre en diálogo con otras formas discursivas de la época como el tratado económico o arbitrio que buscaba soluciones al declive económico de la República. La virilla ilustra una plétora múltiple y a veces contradictoria de actitudes frente a la cultura material, la moda, pero también a políticas del gasto y visiones sobre una España decadente. Este ensayo pone en diálogo a la comedia con la obra del arbitrista Pedro Fernández Navarrete para investigar el rol de la micrographia o escritura de/desde lo pequeño y sus deslindes simbólicos. Desde la virilla de plata del Siglo de Oro, este ensayo realiza una cala interpretativa en un campo de estudio cada vez más pujante: aquel que recupera, teoriza e interpreta el impacto de la cultura material, su consumo y circulación en la producción textual y teatral de la temprana modernidad.
Women’s Exemplary Violence in Luis Vélez de Guevara’s La serrana de la Vera
Authors: Boyle Margaret E.
Published: November 2014

When Gila, the protagonist of Luis Vélez de Guevara’s La serrana de la vera (1613), is betrayed by her lover, she decides to kill every man with whom she comes into contact until she can find and murder the man who left her. Although the protagonist is celebrated early in the play for her masculine prowess, her murderous rampage dominates the stage, and the play’s finale condemns her to a public execution. This essay explores how the spectacle of Gila’s body—as hunter, lover, murderer, and corpse—achieves a moralizing effect with attention to two unique aspects of the play’s production. First, the role of Gila was written for and played by one of the generation’s most prominent actresses, Jusepa Vaca. Second, the play is also one of the earliest stagings of femicide as a play’s conclusion. By studying the topic of exemplarity through these aspects, my goal is to illuminate how this comedia plays an important role in illustrating the complex relationships among gender, violence, and spectacle in the early modern period.
Peasants in the Palace: Moreto and Cáncer’s La fuerza del natural and the Mockery of Courtly Practices
Authors: García-Reidy Alejandro
Published: November 2014

La fuerza del natural , a play written sometime before 1655 by Agustín Moreto and Jerónimo de Cáncer, has been described by Ruth L. Kennedy as “one of the more attractive plays of Moreto.” In spite of the interest and quality of this text, it has received little critical attention until now. In the first part of this article, I examine how La fuerza del natural is related not only to Mira de Amescua’s Examinarse de rey , which served as a direct source for Moreto and Cáncer, but also to other plays that develop the theatrical motif of the peasant who finds himself in court and has to navigate through it. In particular, I show how Moreto and Cáncer expand the comic possibilities of this motif by resorting to the model of the figurón . In the second part of the article, I focus my attention on how the main character of La fuerza del natural not only serves as a comic element that articulates the plot, but is also used to put into motion a parodic reversal of court rituals related to social behavior and amorous courtship by humorously pointing out their performative nature and by dismantling the theme of the education of princes.
Musical Scenes in Two Seventeenth-Century Versions of El Eneas de Dios (The Aeneas of God) Attributed to Agustín Moreto y Cabaña (1618-1669)
Authors: Porras George Yuri
Published: November 2014

The essay analyzes the function of music in Agustín Moreto y Cabaña’s El Eneas de Dios in order to explore how songs/song texts contributed to the overall performance. In addition, given the anomalous and intriguing situation of having two similar versions of the play attributed to the same dramatist, the study of the play’s musical scenes contributes possible answers to which one of the versions is most likely the original and to whether or not both versions of the play indeed belong to Moreto. The first is the disseminated printed version, and the second is an unedited variant in manuscript form that some scholars believe to be the original work. Even though there are discrepancies, the printed and the manuscript versions seem to be interrelated not just because of various counterparts in the details of the action, but also since both versions appear to complement one another musically. Equally tantalizing is that some versions of music for certain song texts imbedded in the manuscript version of El Eneas de Dios appear to have been preserved in “Novena,” an early eighteenth-century collection of music written for a number of popular and frequently performed dramatic works of the latter part of the seventeenth century.
Gospels according to Faith: Rewriting Black Girlhood through the Quilt
Authors: Priest Myisha
Published: November 2014

This essay investigates the ways that the menaced and sometimes triumphant bodies of Black girls have impacted upon narratives of African American subjectivity, as exemplified by the children’s works of Faith Ringgold. Ringgold has consistently engaged the project of reimagining the figures of the wounded black girls of African American literature, epitomized by figures like Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Pecola Breedlove, and Alice Walker’s Wile Child. This essay examines the trajectory of Ringgold’s work, from a primal moment of stasis and wounding in her Shades of Alice quilt, through the increasingly liberationist vision of Tar Beach , to a new myth about salvation and redemption in The Invisible Princess , arguing that, through the innovative form of the story quilt, she reimagines the construction of Black female subjectivity.
Lethal Girls Drawn for Boys: Girl Assassins in Manga/Anime and Comics/Film
Authors: Kittredge Katharine
Published: November 2014

Hit-Girl, the ultra-violent eleven-year-old character in the 2010 film adaptation of Mark Millar and John Romita Jr.’s comic book Kick-Ass (2008), strongly resembles the Japanese anime/manga characters known as the sentō bishōjo or “beautiful fighting girls.” A comparison of Hit-Girl with the girl assassins of the Japanese series Gunslinger Girl , in both its manga (2002–2012) and anime (2003–04; 2008) versions, highlights the differences between Western and Eastern responses to violence, innocence, and gender performance. All four texts challenge traditional gender binaries with their representations of nurturing masculine individuals and dangerous female children.
Unpacking the Archive: Value, Pricing, and the Letter-Writing Campaign of Dr. Lena Y. de Grummond
Authors: Murphy Emily
Published: November 2014

The children’s literature collection is celebrated for the literary treasures that it holds, yet scholars have paid little attention to the collection itself as an object of study. This article provides a case study of the University of Southern Mississippi’s de Grummond Collection of Children’s Literature. Drawing upon the early correspondence (1960s–70s) of Dr. Lena de Grummond with its contributors, the author demonstrates how economic factors affect the children’s literature collection’s ability to function as a site of value production.
“Not the Same, But Not Bad”: Accommodation and Resistance in Thanhha Lai’s Inside Out and Back Again
Authors: Tuon Bunkong
Published: November 2014

In examining the narrative strategy of Inside Out and Back Again , this essay argues that Thanhha Lai uses an approach of both accommodation and resistance, writing alongside and then against the grain of Orientalist discourse about Viet Nam and its people. Ultimately, in switching from accommodating to resisting, and in using the child narrator, Lai provides a gentle yet persuasive critique of the US and its treatment of Vietnamese refugees, who are not only cultural and racial outsiders but also reminders of a lost war that it wishes to forget.
Girlhood, Ballet, and the Cult of the Tutu
Authors: Turk Mariko
Published: November 2014

Ballet looms large in girls’ culture. Scores of girls perform its movements, and scores more wear its accoutrements—tutus, tiaras, etc. Because ballet is both a fixture of the new mass-produced “princess culture” and an art form inscribed with antiquated feminine ideals, critics often view it as a limiting influence on today’s girls. But since ballet’s presence in girls’ culture is enduring, it is important to think about how its meanings can be used in self-affirming ways. This essay examines books that stage complex visions of ballet within contemporary girls’ culture, and imagines ways in which engagement with ballet can provide enriching girlhood experiences.
Community Grand Rounds: Re-Engineering Community and Academic Partnerships in Health Education—A Partnership and Programmatic Evaluation
Authors: Heaton Kevin , Smith George R. , King Kimberly , Watson Natalie , Brown Jen , Curry Gina , Johnson Brandon , Nichols Betty , Pearson Bernetta , Sanders Ernest , Sanders Norma , Miller Doriane
Published: November 2014

Background : Community participation in population health improvement can assist university researchers in targeting intervention resources more effectively and efficiently, leading to more effective implementation of interventions, because of joint ownership of both process and product. Two academic health centers partnered with community based organizations to develop a bidirectional educational seminar series called “Community Grand Rounds” (CGR), which identified health concerns of Chicago’s South Side residents and provided information regarding university and community resources that addressed community health concerns. Objectives : We evaluated the community consultants’ perceptions of the quality and effectiveness of the planning and implementation of the seminars that resulted from the partnership. Methods : We conducted one-on-one interviews and focus groups with community consultants to assess their perceptions of the partnership using a tailored version of a previously developed individual and focus group interview instrument. Analysis of the interview text was conducted using grounded theory where themes were coded as they emerged. Conclusions : CGR is an effective mechanism for providing needed community health information in an easily accessible format. Additional work is needed to determine whether this format represents a sustainable community-university partnership.
Health in My Community: Conducting and Evaluating PhotoVoice as a Tool to Promote Environmental Health and Leadership Among Latino/a Youth
Authors: Madrigal Daniel Santiago , Salvatore Alicia , Casillas Gardenia , Casillas Crystal , Vera Irene , Eskenazi Brenda , Minkler Meredith
Published: November 2014

Background : The PhotoVoice method has shown substantial promise for work with youth in metropolitan areas, yet its potential for use with Latino youth from agricultural areas has not been well documented. Objectives : This project was designed to teach environmental health to 15 high school youth while building their individual and community capacity for studying and addressing shared environmental concerns. The project also aimed to test the utility of PhotoVoice with Latino agricultural youth. Methods : Fifteen members of the Youth Community Council (YCC), part of a 15-year project with farmworker families in Salinas, CA, took part in a 12-week PhotoVoice project. Their pictures captured the assets and strengths of their community related to environmental health, and were then analyzed by participants. A multi-pronged evaluation was conducted. Results : YCC members identified concerns such as poor access to affordable, healthy foods and lack of safe physical spaces in which to play, as well as assets, including caring adults and organizations, and open spaces in surrounding areas. Participants presented their findings on radio, television, at local community events, and to key policy makers. The youth also developed two action plans, a successful 5K run/walk and a school recycling project, still in progress. Evaluation results included significant changes in such areas as perceived ability to make presentations, leadership, and self-confidence, as well as challenges including transportation, group dynamics, and gaining access to people in power. Conclusion : The PhotoVoice method shows promise for environmental health education and youth development in farmworker communities.
Partnering With American Indian Communities in Health Using Methods of Strategic Collaboration
Authors: Rajaram Shireen S. , Grimm Brandon , Giroux Jennifer , Peck Magda , Ramos Athena
Published: November 2014

Background : The Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR) sponsored six regional workshops in 2010 on community engagement and community-engaged research. One of the six workshops was a collaborative effort between the Great Plains Tribal Chairman’s Health Board (GPTCHB)–Northern Plains Tribal Epidemiology Center and the College of Public Health at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC-COPH). Objectives : To create a meaningful and dynamic forum for the exchange of ideas and co-learning between researchers from urban, tribal and nontribal communities and to build the groundwork for development of sustainable partnerships between researchers and American Indian (AI) communities to eliminate health disparities. Methods : To enhance meaningful community engagement, we utilized Methods of Strategic Collaboration using the Appreciative Inquiry, 4D Change Process Model and designed several interactive group activities including Collaborative Learning and Understanding Exercises (CLUE) and the Research Café. Results : The key themes that emerged from the interactive sessions stressed the importance of building relationships and trust; mutual use and sharing of data; and acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities to enable sustainable research partnerships with AI communities Conclusions : Innovative, dynamic, and strategic collaborative methods of Appreciative Inquiry and the World Café can served to engage people in a constructive dialogue to create a shared vision and plan for more meaningful research partnerships based on principles of equity and social justice, essential for the elimination of health disparities. These collaborative methods can be replicated and adapted in diverse communities, locally, nationally, and globally.
A Three-Decade Evolution to Transdisciplinary Research: Community Health Research in California-Mexico Border Communities
Authors: Elder John P. , Ayala Guadalupe X. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Litrownik Alan J. , Gallo Linda C. , Arredondo Elva M. , Talavera Gregory A. , Kaplan Robert M.
Published: November 2014

Background : The Institute for Behavioral and Community Health (IBACH) is a transdisciplinary organization with a team-oriented approach to the translation of research to practice and policy within the context of behavioral medicine. Objectives : This paper tracks the growth of IBACH in the context of evolving, multi-university transdisciplinary research efforts from a behavioral medicine research focus to community approaches to disease prevention and control, ultimately specializing in Latino health research and practice. We describe how this growth was informed by our partnerships with community members and organizations, and training a diverse array of students and young professionals. Methods : Since 1982, IBACH’s research has evolved to address a greater breadth of factors associated with health and well-being. This was driven by our strong community focus and emphasis on collaborations, the diversity of our investigative teams, and our emphasis on training. Although behavioral science still forms the core of IBACH’s scientific orientation, research efforts extend beyond those traditionally examined. Conclusions : IBACH’s “team science” successes have been fueled by a specific population emphasis, making IBACH one of the nation’s leaders in Latino health behavior research.
Evolution of a Community-Based Participatory Approach in a Rural and Remote Dementia Care Research Program
Authors: Morgan Debra , Crossley Margaret , Stewart Norma , Kirk Andrew , Forbes Dorothy , D’Arcy Carl , Dal Bello-Haas Vanina , McBain Lesley , O’Connell Megan , Bracken Joanne , Kosteniuk Julie , Cammer Allison
Published: November 2014

Background : Community–based participatory research (CBPR) approaches are valuable strategies for addressing complex health and social problems and powerful tools to support effective transformation of social and health policy to better meet the needs of diverse stakeholders. Objectives : Since 1997, our team has utilized CBPR approaches to improve health service delivery for persons with dementia and their caregivers in rural and remote settings. We describe the evolution of our approach, including benefits, challenges, and lessons learned over the last 15 years. Methods : A multistage approach initiated an ongoing CBPR research program in rural dementia care and shaped its direction based on stakeholders’ recommendation to prioritize both community and facility–based care. Strategies to develop and foster collaborative partnerships have included travel to rural and remote regions, province–wide community meetings, stakeholder workshops, creation of a Decision–Maker Advisory Council to provide ongoing direction to the overall program, development of diverse project–specific advisory groups, and a highly successful and much anticipated annual knowledge exchange and team–building event. Lessons Learned : Partnering with stakeholders in the full research process has enhanced the research quality, relevance, application, and sustainability. These benefits have supported the team’s evolution from a relatively traditional focus to an integrated approach guiding all aspects of our research. Conclusions : Developing and sustaining the full range of stakeholder and decision–maker partnerships is resource–and time–intensive, but our experience shows that community–based participatory strategies are highly suited to health services research that is designed to support sustainable service delivery improvements.
Tobacco Control Recommendations Identified by LGBT Atlantans in a Community-Based Participatory Research Project
Authors: Bryant Lawrence , Damarin Amanda K. , Marshall Zack
Published: November 2014

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people are increasingly aware that disproportionately high smoking rates severely impact the health of their communities. Motivated to make a change, a group of LGBT community members, policymakers, and researchers from Atlanta carried out a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project. Objectives: This formative research study sought to identify recommendations for culturally relevant smoking prevention and cessation interventions that could improve the health of Atlanta’s LGBT communities. Methods: Data presented here come from four focus groups with 36 participants and a community meeting with 30 participants. Results: Among study participants, the most favored interventions were providing LGBT-specific cessation programs, raising awareness about LGBT smoking rates, and getting community venues to go smoke-free. Participants also suggested providing reduced-cost cessation products for low-income individuals, using LGBT “role models” to promote cessation, and ensuring that interventions reach all parts of the community. Conclusions: Findings reinforce insights from community-based research with other marginalized groups. Similarities include the importance of tailoring cessation programs for specific communities, the need to acknowledge differences within communities, and the significance of community spaces in shaping discussions of cessation. Further, this study highlights the need for heightened awareness. The Atlanta LGBT community is largely unaware that high smoking rates affect its health, and is unlikely to take collective action to address this problem until it is understood.
Community-Based Research in Action: Tales from the Ktunaxa Community Learning Centres Project
Authors: Stacy Elizabeth , Wisener Katherine , Liman Yolanda , Beznosova Olga , Lauscher Helen Novak , Ho Kendall , Jarvis-Selinger Sandra
Published: November 2014

Background : Rural communities, particularly Aboriginal communities, often have limited access to health information, a situation that can have significant negative consequences. To address the lack of culturally and geographically relevant health information, a community-university partnership was formed to develop, implement, and evaluate Aboriginal Community Learning Centres (CLCs). Objectives : The objective of this paper is to evaluate the community-based research process used in the development of the CLCs. It focuses on the process of building relationships among partners and the CLC’s value and sustainability. Methods : Semistructured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including principal investigators, community research leads, and supervisors. The interview transcripts were analyzed using an open-coding process to identify themes. Results : Key challenges included enacting shared project governance, negotiating different working styles, and hiring practices based on commitment to project objectives rather than skill set. Technological access provided by the CLCs increased capacity for learning and collective community initiatives, as well as building community leads’ skills, knowledge, and self-efficacy. An important lesson was to meet all partners “where they are” in building trusting relationships and adapting research methods to fit the project’s context and strengths. Conclusions : Successful results were dependent upon persistence and patience in working through differences, and breaking the project into achievable goals, which collectively contributed to trust and capacity building. The process of building these partnerships resulted in increased capacity of communities to facilitate learning and change initiatives, and the capacity of the university to engage in successful research partnerships with Aboriginal communities in the future.
“We Make the Path by Walking It”: Building an Academic Community Partnership With Boston Chinatown
Authors: Rubin Carolyn Leung , Allukian Nathan , Wang Xingyue , Ghosh Sujata , Huang Chien-Chi , Wang Jacy , Brugge Doug , Wong John B. , Mark Shirley , Dong Sherry , Koch-Weser Susan , Parsons Susan K. , Leslie Laurel K. , Freund Karen M.
Published: November 2014

Background : The potential for academic community partnerships are challenged in places where there is a history of conflict and mistrust. Addressing Disparities in Asian Populations through Translational Research (ADAPT) represents an academic community partnership between researchers and clinicians from Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University and community partners from Boston Chinatown. Based in principles of community-based participatory research and partnership research, this partnership is seeking to build a trusting relationship between Tufts and Boston Chinatown. Objectives : This case study aims to provides a narrative story of the development and formation of ADAPT as well as discuss challenges to its future viability. Methods : Using case study research tools, this study draws upon a variety of data sources including interviews, program evaluation data and documents. Results : Several contextual factors laid the foundation for ADAPT. Weaving these factors together helped to create synergy and led to ADAPT’s formation. In its first year, ADAPT has conducted formative research, piloted an educational program for community partners and held stakeholder forums to build a broad base of support. Conclusions: ADAPT recognizes that long term sustainability requires bringing multiple stakeholders to the table even before a funding opportunity is released and attempting to build a diversified funding base.
Building Community Capacity: Sustaining the Effects of Multiple, Two-Year Community-based Participatory Research Projects
Authors: Rosenthal Marjorie S. , Barash Jed , Blackstock Oni , Ellis-West Shirley , Filice Clara , Furie Gregg , Greysen S. Ryan , Malone Sherman , Tinney Barbara , Yun Katherine , Lucas Georgina I.
Published: November 2014

Background : The time-limited nature of health and public health research fellowships poses a challenge to trainees’ and community partners’ efforts to sustain effective, collaborative, community-based participatory research (CBPR) relationships. Objectives : This paper presents CBPR case studies of partnerships between health services research trainees and community organization leaders in a medium-sized city to describe how participation in the partnership altered community partners’ understanding and willingness to conduct research and to engage with research-derived data. Methods : Trainees and faculty used participatory methods with community leaders to identify research questions, and conduct and disseminate research. Throughout the process, trainees and faculty included research capacity building of community partners as a targeted outcome. Community partners were asked to reflect retrospectively on community research capacity building in the context of CBPR projects. Reflections were discussed and categorized by the authorship team, who grouped observations into topics that may serve as a foundation for development of future prospective analyses. Results : Important ideas shared include that trainee participation in CBPR may have an enduring impact on the community by increasing the capacity of community partners and agencies to engage in research beyond that which they are conducting with the current trainee. Conclusion : We posit that CBPR with research trainees may have an additive effect on community research capacity when it is conducted in collaboration with community leaders and focuses on a single region. More research is needed to characterize this potential outcome.
Capacity Building Among African American Faith Leaders to Promote HIV Prevention and Vaccine Research
Authors: Alio Amina P. , Lewis Cindi A. , Bunce Catherine A. , Wakefield Steven , Thomas Weldon G. , Sanders Edwin , Keefer Michael C.
Published: November 2014

Background : In light of the increasing rates of HIV infection in African Americans, it is essential that black faith leaders become more proactive in the fight against the epidemic. The study aim was to engage faith leaders in a sustainable partnership to increase community participation in preventive HIV vaccine clinical research while improving their access to and utilization of HIV/AIDS prevention services. Method : Leadership Development Seminars were adapted for faith leaders in Rochester, NY, with topics ranging from the importance of preventive HIV vaccine research to social issues surrounding HIV/AIDs within a theological framework. Seminars were taught by field-specific experts from the black community and included the development of action plans to institute HIV preventive ministries. To assess the outcome of the Seminars, baseline and post-training surveys were administered and analyzed through paired sample t Tests and informal interviews. Results : 19 faith leaders completed the intervention. In general, the majority of clergy felt that their understanding of HIV vaccine research and its goals had increased postintervention. A critical outcome was the subsequent formation of the Rochester Faith Collaborative by participating clergy seeking to sustain the collaborative and address the implementation of community action plans. Conclusion : Providing scientific HIV/AIDS knowledge within the context of clergy members’ belief structure was an effective method for engaging black Church leaders in Rochester, NY. Collaborative efforts with various local institutions and community-based organizations were essential in building trust with the faith leaders, thereby building bridges for better understanding of HIV/AIDS prevention efforts, including HIV vaccine research.
“Floating I saw only the sky”: Leisure and Self-Fulfillment in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises
Authors: Mellette Justin
Published: November 2014

This article examines the important role leisure activity plays in Jake Barnes’s emotional development over the course of The Sun Also Rises . Whereas the majority of characters seek to escape from their anxieties through inebriation, Jake finds respite by partaking in such activities as fishing and swimming, which help him come to terms with his war wound and prepare him for the emotional release from his tumultuous relationship with Brett Ashley. By contrasting his actions with those of his circle, the article shows that therapeutic leisure offers Jake a sense of self-fulfillment that the other characters are unable to obtain.
Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises : The Dog in the Window and Other War Allusions
Authors: Adair William
Published: November 2014

This note on Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises demonstrates that during Jake and Bill’s night walk in Paris there are subtle allusions to World War I: the stuffed dog in the window of a taxidermist’s shop, American involvement in the fall 1918 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, and more. The dog is an allusion to the war dog, Sergeant Stubby, a hero in American newspapers during and after the war. He died 16 March 1926 and was then stuffed. He now resides at the Smithsonian.
Bulls, Bullfights, and Bullfighters in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises
Authors: Rodríguez-Pazos Gabriel
Published: November 2014

This note explores some of the historical events related to bulls, bullfights, and bullfighters from the fiesta fictionalized in The Sun Also Rises . Specifically, it examines the source of inspiration for the goring of Vicente Gironés as described in the novel and the contradictory references to the bull killed by Pedro Romero. The note includes a copy of Cayetano Ordóñez’s contract for the bullfights of the Sanfermines in 1925 as well as a copy of the payments made to the bullfighters who fought that year in Pamplona.
PEN Hemingway Remarks: Delivered at the John F. Kennedy Library, 6 April 2014
Authors: Simon Scott
Published: November 2014

Each year the Ernest Hemingway Foundation and PEN New England award the PEN Hemingway prize for the year’s best first work of fiction. The award is presented at a gala reception at the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, Massachusetts. The 2014 PEN Hemingway prize was awarded to NoViolet Bulawayo for her book, We Need New Names (Back Bay Books). This year we are pleased to present remarks offered by Scott Simon at the luncheon preceding the award ceremony. Simon is a noted American journalist and host of Weekend Edition Saturday on National Public Radio.
“ Los Aviónes! ”: The Interpretation of a New Warscape in The Spanish Earth , Picasso’s Guernica , and Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls
Authors: Guill Stacey
Published: November 2014

During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) the fascist powers, led by Hitler and Mussolini, saw an opportunity to test a new kind of war tactic—the indiscriminate bombing of civilian populations in order to demoralize the enemy. This paper examines the important and thought-provoking commonalities that exist between Picasso’s Guernica , Joris Ivens and Ernest Hemingway’s The Spanish Earth , and Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls in their exploration of the physical and psychological impact of this new warscape on the Spanish people.
The Spanish Earth and the Non-Nonfiction War Film
Authors: Vernon Alex , Cros Almudena , Davis Peter
Published: November 2014

Based on field research conducted in Spain in June 2013, this article investigates some of the historical context for The Spanish Earth . The first section explores the film-related locations of Madrid, Morata de Tajuña, and Fuentidueña de Tajo through site visits and local interviews. The gathered information both expands and corrects what the author presented in Hemingway’s Second War (2011). The second section provides commentary. The article aims to better equip others in drawing more informed conclusions in situating The Spanish Earth within nonfiction theory, the documentary and war film tradition, and Hemingway’s experience of and writings about the war.
Harry Morgan’s Identity Crisis: Orientalism and Slumming during the Great Depression in Hemingway’s To Have and Have Not
Authors: Yanagisawa Hideo
Published: November 2014

This essay places To Have and Have Not in relation to the flow of illegal Chinese immigrants through Cuba and Key West to U.S. Chinatowns during the Great Depression. It also explores the representations of Asians in the novel. The essay argues that Morgan’s interaction with the “Anglomaniac” Chinese human trafficker, Sing, and his outrage against rich American tourists “slumming” in Key West reveal that his identity crisis is the result of his liminal position within the prevailing racial hierarchy.
The Litchfield Network: Education, Social Capital, and the Rise and Fall of a Political Dynasty, 1784–1833
Authors: Boonshoft Mark
Published: November 2014

It is no secret to historians of the early republic that the Litchfield Law School was a significant institution. Arguably the first of its kind, the school trained a bevy of important state and national political figures. The Litchfield Female Academy is also well known to historians as one of the most successful and well-documented of the many postrevolutionary female academies. This essay focuses on the frequent social interactions between students and teachers from both schools and the elite residents of Litchfield, Connecticut, which spawned an expansive network of advice, information and patronage. The essay demonstrates that students relied on this vast pool of social capital to build their careers, especially in law and politics. Yet the power of the Litchfield network, and the value of the social capital it provided, waned amid a range of changes in social and political life during the nineteenth century. In the broadest sense, this essay uses the two Litchfield schools to explore the relationship between gender, elite formation, and political change during the early republic. It contributes to a growing literature that illustrates the importance of networks to the construction of social and political power in the period. But it also shows that the value of a given network was constrained by changing social and political contexts.
Arma Christi Rolls or Textual Amulets?: The Narrow Roll Format Manuscripts of “O Vernicle”
Authors: Edsall Mary Agnes
Published: November 2014

The ten parchment rolls containing the illustrated arma Christi prayer-poem “O Vernicle” are generally considered tools for affective or penitential prayer. Yet the earliest version of the text attributes innate power to the arma images and uses charm-like language. Furthermore, eight of the ten rolls are narrow. A survey of narrow English rolls shows a significant proportion are either obvious amulets or have contents suggesting amuletic use. The text, the size of the “O Vernicle” rolls, and the fact that the arma are common in charms and other magic suggest that some of these rolls were as likely to have served as amulets as to have been devotional.
Intersection Vienna: Crime and Transnationalism in Post-Shoah Austrian Fiction and Films
Authors: Lorenz Dagmar C. G.
Published: November 2014

Against the background of the rich tradition of Austrian crime literature, this article discusses novels by Anna Mitgutsch, Doron Rabinovici, and Vladimir Vertlib as paradigmatic of post-Shoah crime fiction. Common features include international settings reminiscent of the exile routes of Jewish Austrians and the centrality of the Holocaust against which the transgressions committed by characters of the younger generations are measured. The crimes of the latter, which include murder, espionage, treason, theft, and adultery, appear trivial when compared to the horrors of the Nazi era. The guilty parties are individuals and can be held accountable, and their transgressions, although psychologically linked to the past, are of no historical consequence. Indicative of the post-Shoah mentality, however, are the emotional and boundary issues that second- and third-generation authors ascribe to their characters and to their quest for identity on an international scale, which in the works under discussion includes Middle Eastern perspectives.
Identity Formation through Cinematic Explorations of the Past: Harald Friedl’s Austrian Trilogy
Authors: Maughan Curtis
Published: November 2014

While Harald Friedl’s 2001 documentary Africa Representa and his most recent project based in Bhutan, What Happiness Is (2013), clearly reinforce the filmmaker’s international self-image, the individuals at the center of Friedl’s Land ohne Eigenschaften (2000), Aus der Zeit (2007), and Mein Leben als Apfelbaum (2012) also share an existence profoundly influenced by international forces, even if they live and work in and around Vienna. From globalization to exile identity to postwar sociopolitical philosophy, the experiences that Friedl portrays in his “Austrian Trilogy” are indicative of a nation that reverberates both the bygone transnational Habsburg Empire and the two most significant international events of the twentieth century: the First and Second World Wars. This article will focus on Friedl’s approach of making complex connections between Austria’s past and future with balanced and compelling portraits of humanity through a distinctly international lens.
Von Österreichern, Europäern, und Menschen: Für eine postnationale Literaturwissenschaft und gegen Nationalphilologien; unter Heranziehung einiger Essays Robert Menasses und dem Werk Thomas Brunnsteiners
Authors: Antonic Thomas
Published: November 2014

As scholars of humanities we deal with Austrian Studies, German Studies, “Germanistik,” national philologies, national histories of literature, and so on but seldom question the political and ideological premises and decisions that form the basis of the fields we are working in. As nation states move toward merging into a postnational Europe, this article demonstrates the obsolescence of national(istic) concepts in humanities at the beginning of the twenty-first century, with a focus on Austria, on the basis of recent developments and publications such as Wynfrid Kriegleder’s Eine kurze Geschichte der Literatur in Österreich (2011), Klaus Zeyringer and Helmut Gollner’s Eine Literaturgeschichte: Österreich seit 1650 (2012), and Robert Menasse’s essays on Austria and the European Union. Finally, the article draws on the writings of Thomas Brunnsteiner, who was born in Austria and lives in Finland; his identity straddles borders and thus shows the limits of Austrian Studies—and of Austria.
Just in Time: Erwin Wagenhofer’s Appropriation of the Classical Western Genre in Black Brown White (2011)
Authors: Sathe Nikhil
Published: November 2014

Erwin Wagenhofer’s film Black Brown White (2011) features a trafficking truck driver protagonist whose views are challenged by a family he delivers into the eu , enabling the film’s reflection on the legal, social, and economic dimensions of contemporary migration and international border control. This article argues that the film’s critique is engaged through its productive appropriation of the genre of the classical western on a formal and narrative level. After locating Black Brown White within the contexts of European and Austrian cinema, the article examines the film’s transformation of the classical western’s depiction of the landscape as well as the genre’s recurring thematic conflicts regarding the establishment of justice and the law. Constructing an eu as a contested, unfi nished frontier- like space and having the protagonist, like his western forbearers, deliver justice beyond the law enables the film to question inequities and contradictions in the erection of the so- called Fortress Europe.
Reading Transgression in Ricardo Palma’s Tradiciones en salsa verde
Authors: Austin Elisabeth L.
Published: November 2014

Ricardo Palma’s Tradiciones en salsa verde was written during the early 1900s but circulated only among his intimate acquaintances, so these “off-color” tales remained unpublished until 1973. The narratives in this collection are stylistically similar to Palma’s several canonical series of tradiciones , but the distinguishing features of this particular series include bawdy themes and ribald humor that are mostly absent from the better-known tradiciones . The select friends who read these narratives would have shared a laugh as they also participated in the social critique that the author mixed in with naked body parts and socially inappropriate male lust. Although hardly shocking by today’s standards, these stories feature desire and sex in a way that was considered offensive within their historical context. The social transgressions narrated within the Tradiciones en salsa verde create bonds between those who (apart, and yet together) read against gender expectations and social repression of sexuality. As such, these tales effectively create a reading “counterpublic” among Palma’s male friends who are asked to share them only with others who would not be easily scandalized. This essay explores the reading communities that this collection encourages through its non-public network of readership, as well as the potential social power of such communities that read against social norms. Tradiciones en salsa verde has long represented a curious footnote in the oeuvre of this canonical nineteenth-century writer, and its “inappropriate” nature reveals the complexity of reading, writing, community, and public space in turn-of-the-century Peru.
Stillborn Texts and Barren Imaginaries in Leopoldo Alas’s Su único hijo (1891)
Authors: Cameron Bryan
Published: November 2014

This article centers on the paternal and creative crises that afflict the protagonist of Leopoldo Alas’s second novel Su único hijo (1891). Scrutinizing Clarín’s literary and ideological output from the era, I argue that the novel’s obsession with procreation and production articulates concerns for the state of Spanish narrative in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. For Bonifacio Reyes, the failure to compose a literary masterwork portends the paternal illegibility that dominates the novel’s final moments as Emma Valcárcel’s son is left with two possible fathers instead of one. For Alas, who spent the latter half of the 1880s sifting through the wreckage of romanticism, realism, and naturalism in an effort to craft a hybrid aesthetic form that could serve as an avatar for a new wave of Spanish novelists (and solidify the success of La Regenta , 1884-85), Su único hijo evinces an attempt to revive national narrative in the final decades of the nineteenth century. Ultimately, if the son (as text) represents a symbolic asset for the expectant father/author, both in terms of socio-economic capital and the consolidation of familial lineage, the ironic promise made by the novel’s title ensures a world in which all signs of paternity and authority are effectively destabilized.
Shaky Grounds: Bolívar, Humboldt, and the Birth of Catastrophe Politics
Authors: Fonseca Carlos
Published: November 2014

This article explores the role that the discourse on natural catastrophes, in particular on the figure of the earthquake, in the cartography of contingent worlds at the turn of the century. From Humboldt’s fascination with the natural disruption of his beloved chain of being to Simón Bolívar’s rhetoric concerning the 1812 earthquake of Caracas in his Cartagena Manifesto, this article traces how, in the nineteenth century, nature and politics came to be discursively interlinked in such a way that natural catastrophes, understood as political events, became figures of the opening of the world to unforeseen possibilities. The article traces the historical and rhetorical confluence of Humboldt and Bolívar and their place in the reconfiguration of the relation between historiography and nature through the discourse on the sublime and the philosophy of the late Enlightenment.
Immunohistochemical Validation and Expression Profiling of NKG2D Ligands in a Wide Spectrum of Human Epithelial Neoplasms
Authors: Fujita Hiromi , Hatanaka Yutaka , Sutoh Yoichi , Suzuki Yuta , Oba Koji , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Otsuka Noriyuki , Fugo Kazunori , Kasahara Masanori , Matsuno Yoshihiro
Published: December 2014

The MHC class I-chain-related proteins (MICs) and the UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs) are inducible stress response molecules that work as activators of a specific receptor, NKG2D, which is expressed on effector cells, such as NK cells and subsets of T cells. In this study, we sought to explore the biological significance of NKG2D ligands in human neoplasms by comprehensively examining the immunohistochemical expression profile of NKG2D ligands in a variety of human epithelial neoplasms. Following careful validation of the immunohistochemical specificity and availability of anti-human ULBP antibodies for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) materials, the expression of NKG2D ligands was analyzed in FFPE tissue microarrays comprising 22 types of epithelial neoplastic tissue with their non-neoplastic counterpart from various organs. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a positive relationship among ULBP2/6, ULBP3, ULBP1, and ULBP5, whose expression patterns were similar across all of the neoplastic tissues examined. In contrast, MICA/B, as well as ULBP4, did not appear to be related to any other ligand. These expression profiles of NKG2D ligands in human neoplasms based on well-validated specific antibodies, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis, should help to clarify some functional aspects of these molecules in cancer biology, and also provide a path to the development of novel tumor-type-specific treatment strategies.