bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical vortex torque measured with optically trapped microbarbells
Authors: Lamperska Weronika , Masajada Jan , Drobczyński Sławomir , Wasylczyk Piotr
Published: April 2020

Optical vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum and thus exert torque on illuminated objects. A dielectric microtool–a microbarbell–is used in two-laser optical tweezers to measure the torque of a focused optical vortex. The tool was either freely rotating due to the applied torque or set into oscillations by the counteracting force. Four different trapping configurations provided different ways of sensing the torque and gave consistent results. The value of torque was determined by confronting the experimental results with numerical and analytical models.
Measurement of dilation pulses using a pulse-dilation framing camera
Authors: Bai Yanli , Yao Rongbin , Gao Haiying , Wang Xun , Liu Dajian
Published: April 2020

A pulse-dilation framing camera (PFC) and its working principle are introduced. The influence of the dilation pulse on the exposure time is discussed. The measurement of the dilation pulse using the PFC are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. The waveform and the entire time history of the potential of the dilation pulse are simulated by the known dilation factors of the PFC in theory, with the potential deviation at the end of the dilation time of pulse being approximately 3.2%. In the experiment, the exposure time and dilation factors of the PFC are measured by using an array of fiber bundles and in taking many measurements, the waveform and the entire time history of the potential of dilation pulse are achieved by the dilation factors, with the potential deviation at the end of the dilation time of pulse being approximately 6.3%. The research results show that the experimental measurement is consistent with theoretical analysis, although there are some deviations, and it is feasible to measure the waveform and the entire time history of the potential of dilation pulse using the PFC. Moreover, the research may provide an idea for new applications of the framing camera.
Phase demodulation method based on a dual-identical-chirped-pulse and weak fiber Bragg gratings for quasi-distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Liang Guanhua , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Wang Shuang , Xu Tianhua , Chen Wenjie , Ma Zhe , Ding Zhenyang , Zhang Xuezhi , Zhang Yongning , Liu Tiegen
Published: April 2020

A phase demodulation method for quasi-distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems based on a dual-identical-chirped-pulse and weak fiber Bragg gratings (WFBGs) is proposed. Compared to the use of Rayleigh backscattering light in optical fibers, the implementation of WFBGs can contribute to obtaining an optical signal with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The dual-identical-chirped-pulse is generated by a time-delay fiber, and the sinusoidal carrier is generated by the interference between the two chirped pulses reflected by adjacent WFBGs. The phase of the sinusoidal carrier represents the dynamic strain change posed on the sensing fiber. Discrete Fourier transform is used to directly retrieve the phase information. The performance of the phase demodulation from interference signals under different sinusoidal carrier frequencies and SNRs is numerically investigated. The piezoelectric transducer is employed to emulate the sound in the experiment to verify the effectiveness of our method. It is shown that the dynamic strain can be well reconstructed at the end of a 101.64 km fiber when the signal SNR is down to 3.234 dB. Our proposed method enables the application of the long-distance sensing in quasi-DAS systems.
MXene-based high-performance all-optical modulators for actively Q-switched pulse generation
Authors: Wu Qing , Wang Yunzheng , Huang Weichun , Wang Cong , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Meng , Zhang Han
Published: April 2020

Q

-switched fiber lasers are integral tools in science, industry, and medicine due to their advantages of flexibility, compactness, and reliability. All-optical strategies to generate ultrashort pulses have obtained considerable attention as they can modulate the intracavity

Q

factors without employing costly and complex electrically driven devices. Here, we propose a high-performance all-optical modulator for actively

Q

-switched pulse generation based on a microfiber knot resonator deposited with

V
2

CT
x

MXene. Experimental results show that the obtained

Q

-switching pulses exhibit a wide adjustment range of repetition rate from 1 kHz to 20 kHz, a high signal-to-background contrast ratio of

∼
55
  
dB

, and a narrow pulse width of 8.82 μs, indicating great potentials of providing a simple and viable solution in photonic applications.
'I've Never Been So Exploited': The consequences of FOSTA-SESTA in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Tichenor Erin
Published: April 2020

Aotearoa New Zealand’s 2003 decriminalisation of sex work has reduced the exploitation of sex workers, as well as the health and safety risks in the industry. Nevertheless, United States-driven criminalising policies still influence sex workers abroad. The Fight Online Sex Trafficking and Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Acts (FOSTA-SESTA) effectively criminalised websites where sex workers advertise. Shortly before that, the FBI shut down the internationally used Backpage.com, leading many sex workers in both countries to return to the streets or brothels. These events contributed to the rising dominance of one advertising website, NewZealandGirls.com. Drawing on twenty semi-structured interviews and four observation cases with sex workers in Auckland, in this paper, I explore the international consequences of FOSTA-SESTA and the closure of Backpage on my participants. I show that this punitive approach to segments of the online sex industry has not only placed sex workers in greater financial insecurity, but has reduced their ability to control their working conditions. These outcomes, I conclude, have undermined the positive impacts of decriminalisation, while exacerbating socioeconomic, racial, gender, and legal inequalities in Auckland’s sex industry.
Synthesis of Ag@Polycarbazole Nanocomposite using Ferric Acetate as an Oxidant
Authors: Yaqoob Asim Ali , Umar Khalid , Ahmad Zahoor , Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir , Ahmad Akil , Bhawani Showkat Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Silver nanowires and Ag@polycarbazole nanocables have been effectively fabricated. Polyol-reduction and ion adsorption process were used to fabricate pure silver nanowires and Ag@polycarbazole nanocomposite by using an oxidant (iron acetate). Ions of oxidant were adsorbed on the surface of pure silver nanowires to oxidize carbazole monomers for efficient polymerization. The morphology of nanowires and Ag@PCz composite were characterized by using SEM, FT-IR and photoluminescence analysis. The SEM shows the presence of a smooth polymeric sheath. FT-IR and photoluminescence analysis shows dominant peaks that indicate the presence of silver nanowires and polycarbazole (PCz) with a smooth polymeric coating. Nanoparticle analyzer was used to determine z-average and actual size of sample. UV-visible spectrum shows two bands that were dominant at 345 and 410 nm. These are π to π* transitions that indicates the presence of polycarbazole nanocables.
A Prática da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Combate da COVID-19
Authors: Barbosa Simone De Pinho , Silva Ana Valesca Fernandes Gilson
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo avalia brevemente o papel central exercido pela Atenção Primária à Saúde no Combate da COVID-19 e aponta uma reflexão sobre as normativas dos atendimentos aos casos da COVID 19 e as condições das UBSs quanto a estrutura, profissionais, equipamentos e organização desses serviços.
Resposta assistencial de um serviço docente assistencial de APS à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Mendonça Claunara Schilling , Rosset Idiane , Gonçalves Marcelo Rodrigues , Molina Bastos Cynthia Goulart , De Medeiros Adriana Farias , Dias Alice Venturini , Nascimento Filipe Rodrigues , Masiero Franciele De Souza , Pelegrini Geferson , Ragnini Jean Maito , Leite Lucas Oliveira , Arruda Nara Monte , De Freitas Patrícia , Firmino Rafael Ballester , Reolom Ricardo Pretto , Tolio Rodrigo Pedroso , Aliatti Mantese George Henrique
Published: April 2020

As respostas dos países à pandemia demonstram diferenças entre seus sistemas de saúde, tanto do ponto de vista do seu financiamento, da cobertura dos serviços, do modelo de atenção, como em relação às diferentes relações do nível central com as instâncias infraregionais. (Lorenzo, 2020; Liu, 2020; Kidd, 2020) No Brasil, com seu Sistema Único de Saúde e com a Estratégia de Saúde da Família, a prática da Atenção Primária à Saúde é absolutamente central para a resposta local ao COVID-19 (Brasila, 2020). Esse relato descreve a resposta de um serviço de APS, ligado a um Hospital de referência para o COVID-19, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS.
Besifovir Dipivoxil Maleate 144-Week Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: An Open-Label Extensional Study of a Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Yim Hyung Joon , Kim Won , Ahn Sang Hoon , Yang Jin Mo , Jang Jae Young , Kweon Yong Oh , Cho Yong Kyun , Kim Yoon Jun , Hong Gun Young , Kim Dong Joon , Jung Young Kul , Um Soon Ho , Sohn Joo Hyun , Lee Jin Woo , Park Sung Jae , Lee Byung Seok , Kim Ju Hyun , Kim Hong Soo , Yoon Seung Kew , Kim Moon Young , Lee Kwan Sik , Lim Young Suk , Lee Wan Sik , Han Kwang-Hyub
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major worldwide public health concern. Besifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) is a new promising treatment for CHB. However, long-term efficacy and safety have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the goal of the study is to determine the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV treatment over a 144-week duration (BSV-BSV) in comparison with those of a sequential treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) followed by a 96-week duration BSV administration (TDF-BSV).

METHODS:

After 48 weeks of a double-blind comparison between BSV and TDF treatments, patients continued the open-label BSV study. We evaluated antiviral efficacy and drug safety up to 144 weeks for BSV-BSV and TDF-BSV groups. The primary endpoint was a virological response (hepatitis B virus DNA < 69 IU/mL).

RESULTS:

Among the 197 patients enrolled, 170 and 158 patients entered the second-year and third-year open-label phase extensional study, respectively, whereas 153 patients completed the 144-week follow-up. The virological response rate over the 144-week period was 87.7% and 92.1% in BSV-BSV and TDF-BSV groups, respectively (P = 0.36). The rates of ALT normalization and HBeAg seroconversion were similar between the groups. No drug-resistant mutations to BSV were noted. Bone mineral density and renal function were well preserved in the BSV-BSV group and were significantly improved after switching therapy in TDF-BSV patients.

DISCUSSION:

This extensional study of a phase 3 trial (NCT01937806) suggests that BSV treatment is efficacious and safe for long-term use in treatment-naïve and TDF-experienced patients with CHB.
Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik menggunakan Biosand Filter
Authors: Ratnawati Rhenny , Ulfah Sakbanul Lailatul
Published: April 2020

Biosand filter adalah salah satu alternatif teknologi untuk mengolah air limbah domestik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efisiensi setiap media dalam mengolah air limbah dan membandingkan mana yang paling efektif dalam mengolah limbah berdasarkan pada variasi ketinggian media. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua reaktor yang masing-masing menggunakan dimensi 30 cm x 30 cm x 100 cm dengan adanya variasi ketinggian media. Susunan media yang digunakan pada kedua reaktor terdiri dari kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus, dan karbon aktif. Reaktor 1 mempunyai dengan ketinggian masing-masing adalah 10 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 10 cm untuk media kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus, dan karbon aktif. Reaktor 2 media kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus, dan karbon aktif dengan masing-masing ketinggian adalah 10 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm. Filter dioperasikan secara batch dengan memanfaatkan gaya gravitasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 20 hari dimulai dari 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 hari. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi BOD dan TSS pada reaktor 1 dengan susunan media kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus dan karbon aktif (10 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 10 cm) berturut-turut adalah 62,92% dan 78,40%. Pada reaktor 2 dengan susunan media kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus dan karbon aktif (10 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm) mempunyai nilai efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi BOD dan TSS masing-masing adalah 67,01% dan 81,99%. Variasi susunan media yang lebih efektif dalam menurunkan konsentrasi BOD dan TSS pada air limbah domestik adalah media kerikil, pasir kasar, pasir halus dan karbon aktif dengan ketinggian 10 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm.
PENGARUH EDUKASI GIZI DENGAN METODE CERAMAH BERBASIS BAHASA ISYARAT INDONESIA (BISINDO) DAN BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTIK GIZI PADA REMAJA TULI SLB DI SEMARANG
Authors: Ayumar Duena Firsta Sridiasti , Margawati Ani , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang   : Sebanyak 73,6% siswa remaja Tuli SLB Negeri Semarang tidak mengonsumsi sayur dan buah sesuai anjuran. Edukasi gizi dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap gizi, dimana keduanya memiliki peran dalam perubahan perilaku gizi remaja. Metode ini memanfaatkan indera Tuli yang bekerja dengan optimal yaitu penglihatan. Akan tetapi Tuli memiliki perbendaharaan kata yang cukup terbatas. Metode ceramah yang diterapkan di sekolah (lip-reading) diharapkan meningkatkan kemampuan Tuli menyesuaikan diri dalam kelompok sosial. Namun, penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa lip-reading akan lebih optimal apabila dibersamai dengan penggunaan isyarat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan metode ceramah berbasis BISINDO dan booklet terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik gizi pada remaja Tuli SLB di Semarang.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experimental dengan rancangan pre-post test group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 27 siswa SMP dan SMA LB di Semarang, yang dibagi menjadi kelompok booklet dan ceramah. Edukasi gizi diberikan oleh orang Dengar dengan bantuan juru bahasa isyarat.  Hasil : Tidak ada beda pengetahuan (p=0,359), sikap (p=0,063), dan praktik konsumsi sayur dan buah (p=0,692) antara kedua kelompok perlakuan setelah pemberian edukasi gizi. Median nilai pengetahuan mengalami peningkatan. Walaupun kecenderungan hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan, nilai kelompok ceramah lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok booklet kecuali pada praktik konsumsi sayur dan buah.Simpulan : Tidak ada pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan metode ceramah berbasis bahasa isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO) dan booklet terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik konsumsi sayur dan buah pada remaja Tuli SLB di Semarang
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA TIKUS DIABETES
Authors: Dewi Arini Citra , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Probosari Enny
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang : Diabetes adalah kelainan endokrin yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemi akibat resistensi insulin. Tepung sorgum memiliki indeks glikemik yang tergolong rendah dan kandungan serat yang tinggi sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan pemberian tepung sorgum terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa pada tikus diabetes.Metode : Penelitian true experimental dengan desain pretest-posttest randomized control group. Sebanyak 18 ekor tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok meliputi kelompok kontrol negatif (K -), kontrol positif (K +) dan perlakuan (P). Kelompok K – dan K + diberi pakan standar sebanyak 20 g/hari, sedangkan P diberi pakan yang terdiri dari tepung sorgum 5 g/hari dan pakan standar sebanyak 15 g/hari selama 28 hari. Kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan metode GOD – PAP menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Paired t – Test, uji One Way Anova, dan uji Kruskal Wallis.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar glukosa darah puasa antar kelompok sebelum (p=0,000) dan sesudah (p=0,000) pemberian perlakuan Selisih penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada kelompok P sebanyak 150,63± 2,57 mg/dl (p=0,000).Simpulan : Tepung sorgum dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa tikus diabetes secara signifikan.
STUNTING DAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEMUMU KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Yulianti Syami , R Diyah Tepi
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang : Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan prevalensi stunting kelima terbesar di dunia yaitu sebanyak 37%. Balita yang mengalami stunting memiliki tingkat kecerdasan tidak maksimal, lebih rentan terhadap penyakit dan di masa depan berisiko menurunnya tingkat produktivitas sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi, meningkatkan kemiskinan dan memperlebar ketimpangan. Prevalensi stunting di Bengkulu rata-rata 29,4%, dimana kejadian tertinggi terdapat di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara (35,8%).Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar pada balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kemumu Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara.Metode : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 balita, diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penilaian stunting dinyatakan dengan z-score tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan WHO. Perkembangan anak diukur dengan tes Denver II.Hasil :Sebanyak 32 (32%) balita dengan stunting, hasil uji korelasi statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus (p=0,003) dan motorik kasar (p=0,004) pada balita.Kesimpulan :Ada hubungan stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar pada balita.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT ASUPAN SENG DAN ZAT BESI DENGAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT ATLET SEPAK BOLA REMAJA
Authors: Setyarsih Liani , Safitri Iqlima , Susanto Hardhono , Suhartono Suhartono , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Latihan fisik intensitas tinggi dapat menyebabkan timbulnya stres fisik yang akan menekan sistem imun pada tubuh atlet. Penurunan fungsi sistem imun tersebut akan meningkatkan risiko infeksi dan menurunkan performa atlet. Leukosit adalah komponen yang berperan dalam homeostasis sistem imun. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem imun adalah asupan zat gizi termasuk seng dan zat besi.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat asupan seng dan zat besi dengan jumlah leukosit pada atlet sepak bola remaja.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan Cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Terang Bangsa Semarang. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 24 atlet remaja dengan metode pengambilan sampel Simple Random Sampling. Data asupan makan diperoleh melalui food recall 24 jam, data aktivitas fisik, kualitas tidur dan kondisi stres psikologis diambil menggunakan kuesioner, dan sampel darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah vena. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi pearson dan rang spearman.Hasil: Sebanyak 91,7% jumlah leukosit subjek dalam kategori normal. Rerata tingkat asupan seng subjek yaitu 56,22% sedangkan zat besi sebesar 57,7%.Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara  tingkat asupan seng dan zat besi dengan jumlah leukosit.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara  tingkat asupan seng dan zat besi dengan jumlah leukosit.
ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK DALAM PEMBERIAN KESEMPATAN PENYELESAIAN PEKERJAAN PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA PEMERINTAH (PBJP)
Authors: Sujoko Ajik
Published: April 2020

Kontrak PBJP termasuk kontrak baku yang terdapat pembatasan asas kebebasan kontrak. Pemberian kesempatan penyelesaian pekerjaan dalam pelaksanaan kontrak PBJP dilihat dari penerapan teori melebur (opplosing theory) maupun konsep Privat-Administrative Contract. Sesuai teori melebur yang merupakan kontrak privat, hubungan antara “kontraktan” sebagai upaya menyelesaikan pekerjaan, bukan sebagai kewenangan pemerintah sebagai “kontraktan”, namun pada hubungan kontraktual didasarkan pada antara “hak dan kewajiban”. Berdasar konsep Privat-Administrative Contract, pemberian kesempatan bukan lagi dipandang pada “hak dan kewajiban” dalam berkontrak, namun wewenang pemerintah sebagai kontraktan dalam mengupayakan pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh penyedia dapat selesai.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Measuring Capabilities of an Innovative Pressuremeter Probe in Dry Sand
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Alexandre , Dupla Jean-Claude , Canou Jean , Cour Francis , Puech Alain , Droniuc Niculai
Published: April 2020

This article presents the experimental procedures performed in a laboratory to evaluate the measuring capabilities of an innovative monocellular pressuremeter probe. This probe takes advantage of recent technological developments in the domain of inflatable membranes currently applied in the so-called Francis Cour standard tricellular probes, which allow covering an expansion range up to large cavity strains. Those improvements were found to enable increasing the accuracy in the assessment of radial expansion through volume injection in the probe measuring cell at relatively small strain levels without the need of sophisticated punctual measuring arms. Assessing this domain via in situ tests makes up a major contribution to the design of geotechnical structures under cyclic loads, for which the current design practice is mainly developed through laboratory soil tests. To reach this final objective, the probe’s validation program was launched based on pressuremeter tests with unload-reload loops performed in a laboratory calibration chamber and in situ on reference testing sites. This paper focuses on the laboratory testing protocols performed in dry Fontainebleau sand specimens. Shear moduli obtained with the pressuremeter are compared with the expected elementary values for this sand, and it is shown that it was possible to assess sand stiffness at a small strain level using this probe under controlled conditions in a laboratory.
RESPONSABILIDADE COMPARTILHADA: O PAPEL DO CONSUMIDOR NO DESCARTO DO LIXO ELETRÔNICO
Authors: Duarte Viviane De Barros , Dusek Patricia Maria , Friede Reis , De Miranda Maria Geralda , Avelar Kátia Eliane Dos Santos
Published: April 2020

Um dos principais problemas ambientais com que se defrontam as grandes cidades está relacionado ao tratamento e à disposição adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Os componentes eletrônicos descartados de forma incorreta representam o tipo de resíduo sólido de maior crescimento no mundo, mesmo em países em desenvolvimento. O lixo eletrônico é considerado um grave problema para o ambiente e para a saúde, pois contém metais pesados altamente tóxicos. A logística reversa é uma atividade ampla que envolve todas as operações relacionadas com a reutilização de produtos e materiais. A responsabilidade compartilhada foi sugerida como resposta para os problemas que envolvem a destinação final dos resíduos sólidos, impondo que todas as partes comprometidas se responsabilizem pelo tratamento e direcionamento adequado dos resíduos gerados após o consumo. O papel do consumidor na responsabilidade compartilhada é um ponto crítico para o sucesso da logística reversa. A população, como um todo, precisa se sensibilizar com a temática do lixo eletrônico e buscar alternativas para amenizar esse problema. Pode-se inferir que os consumidores ainda não dispõem de informações suficientes sobre o descarte correto do lixo eletrônico, os malefícios que esse lixo pode provocar à saúde e ao meio ambiente e, principalmente, sobre a responsabilidade que lhes compete dentro da política de logística revessa. Além disso, existe o agravante do difícil acesso aos postos de coleta. Para que haja um maior engajamento da população, faz-se necessário que o poder público e as empresas produtoras de eletrônicos se unam na promoção de maiores esforços, a fim de reverter esse quadro.
LITERATURA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UMA HISTÓRIA SEMPRE NECESSÁRIA A SER CONTADA
Authors: Lanzellotti Terezinha de Jesus Normandes , Lanzellotti Neto João , Sirino Marcio Bernardino
Published: April 2020

Este artigo traz, em particular, um relato de experiência de uma professora de pré-escolar e seus argumentos sobre esta temática. Os dados apontados, a partir da exposição de autores renomados sobre este assunto, demonstram que a utilização de incentivos verbais e visuais no processo da imaginação na contação de histórias e o desenvolvimento de atividades que privilegiem o acesso à Literatura Infantil são de grande importância na formação leitora e na construção do conhecimento dos alunos da Educação Infantil. Isto por que a metodologia adotada favorece, por parte do professor-mediador e intensificado nas oficinas podem influenciar o rendimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças nesta faixa etária. Este estudo também apresenta um percurso na formação profissional de uma educadora que integrou-se às ações em projetos inseridos nas escolas da rede púbica municipal, particularmente, uma Escola de Desenvolvimento Infantil (EDI) e em um Centro Integrado de Educação Pública (CIEP), ambos localizadas no bairro da Maré, além de um breve relato de sua vivência e de suas expectativas neste contexto. Devido a tudo o que foi apresentado nesta abordagem e evidenciado nos apontamentos apresentados, ratifica-se a validade desta produção por sua abordagem simples que evidencia um estudo de caso e na indicação dos dados bibliográficos com o incentivo no investimento do profissional que deseja ser capacitado neste trabalho na EI. Finalmente, o embasamento teórico e o referencial legislativo apresentados pelos autores de forma sucinta, objetivam clarificar às reflexões propostas a fim de que esta seja uma experiência prazerosa e enriquecedora ao leitor.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Gomes Pereira Bruno , De Oliveira Siede Rosangela , Dos Santos Silva Lidiane
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como as metodologias ativas, em especial a sala de aula invertida, conseguem desempenhar funções catalisadoras nas habilidades de leitura e escrita no contexto de ensino superior. A fundamentação teórica parte do princípio interdisciplinar entre linguística aplicada, estudos do letramento e a didática, tendo as metodologias ativas como ponto articulador entre tais saberes humanos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, temos uma investigação em forma de estudo de caso, tendo em vista que os dados foram gerados em uma turma com diferentes acadêmicos de cursos plurais. Já a abordagem de pesquisa é qualitativa, tendo em vista o caráter interpretativista no tratamento dos dados, considerando aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais. Os dados revelam que, apesar de persistirem algumas dificuldades na modalidade escrita, os acadêmicos demonstraram significativas melhoras no que compete ao desenvolvimento da escrita e leitura. Isso nos parece fator reafirmativo no que concerne às metodologias ativas como algo contínuo, dinâmico e essencial no processo formativo do aluno.
LEARNING THROUGH A HANDS-ON ACTIVITY USING A PBL APPROACH
Authors: De CAMPOS LUIZ CARLOS , OLIVEIRA DE CAMPOS BARBARA CRISTINA , SEVEGNANI FRANCISCO XAVIER
Published: April 2020

This paper reports the project developed by students of the 4th semester of Civil Engineering Program at Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo which has used the basic concepts of Mechanics of Rigid Bodies (MRB) course taught in classroom. In order to adopt the principles of the approach Project Based Learning (PBL) the professor whom teaches this course proposes the development of a project which the theme, in the two last years, was the Da Vinci’s Self-Supporting Bridge. The history tells that Da Vinci designed four types of bridges. The design of this bridge was the most simple and ingenious of them. The design of Self-Supporting Bridge was developed from 1485 to 1487 attending the request of his patron Cesar Borgia, and it was necessary simple assembly without woodworking skills by the troops. The design is held together by its own weight without requiring any ties or connections. The development of this project was part of the assessment process in the course. The students of the class were divided in teams with six members each one to set up the bridge. The project was developed in three steps. The first one was a bibliographic research on the issue. In the second step began the hands-on activity with the building of a prototype where test and analysis were made to understand the structures behaviour as result of a downward applied force. In the third step the hands-on activity was the bridge building in an enlarged size with the necessary adaptations related to the prototype, seeking to follow the original design, and under the condition of to allow and tolerate the weight of several people passing along the bridge. The materials used were wood cylindrical pieces with the appropriated sockets. All the pieces were prepared by the team and each step with the description of the building and assembly processes were reported in a video available on You Tube. Finally, the students answered questioned through two questionnaires applied to them to obtain their opinions and perceptions on the project. A closed questionnaire based on Likert’s scale and an open questionnaire where they could analyse all the aspects involving their participation in the project and what suggestions they had to do to improve the experience. In addition, the students could tell how the PBL approach help them in the teaching/learning process.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gazes Yunglin , Liu Minghao , Sum Melissa , Cong Elaine , Kuo Jennifer , Lee James A , Silverberg Shonni , Stern Yaakov , Walker Marcella
Published: April 2020

Objective

The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and the brain regions affected are not clear. We assessed neural activation during cognitive testing (matrix reasoning, paired associates, and logical memory) using functional MRI (fMRI) in 23 patients with PHPT and 23 healthy controls. A subset with PHPT was re-assessed 6 months post-parathyroidectomy (PTX).

Design

This is an observational study comparing neural activation by fMRI in patients with PHPT to normative controls. Postmenopausal women were studied at a tertiary referral center.

Results

There were no between-group differences in cognitive task performance. Patients with PHPT had lower neural activation vs controls (max Z = 4.02, all P < 0.01) during matrix reasoning in brain regions involved in executive function (left frontal lobe (k = 57) and right medial frontal gyrus (k = 72)) and motor function (right precentral gyrus (k = 51)). During paired associates (verbal memory), those with PHPT had greater activation in the right inferior parietal lobule (language/mathematical operations; k = 65, P < 0.01). Greater activation in this region bilaterally correlated with higher PTH (k = 96, P < 0.01). Post-PTX, activation decreased during matrix reasoning, but in different regions than those affected pre-PTX.

Conclusions

PHPT is associated with differences in task-related neural activation patterns, but no difference in cognitive performance. While this may indicate compensation to maintain the same cognitive function, there was no clear improvement in neural activation after PTX. Larger, longitudinal studies that include PHPT patients followed without surgery are needed to determine if PTX could prevent worsening of altered neural activation patterns in PHPT.
ВПЛИВ СТРУКТУРИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЗРОСТАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ДО ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ЛАНЦЮГІВ ВАРТОСТІ
Authors: ШЕВЧУК Віктор , ЧЕРКАС Наталія
Published: April 2020

Досліджено взаємний зв’язок між обсягами експорту-імпорту та ВВП і промисловим виробництвом, що дозволяє визначити шляхи підвищення технологічного рівня експорту як необхідної передумови успішної інтеграції у глобальні ланцюги вартості (ГЛВ). Фрагментація світового виробництва зазвичай розглядається як визначальна риса глобалізованої економіки, водночас для успішної конкуренції на зарубіжних ринках необхідним є технологічне ускладнення продукції.Оцінено секторальний вплив експорту-імпорту на ВВП і промислове виробництво, що важливо для виявлення перспективних напрямів участі українських підприємств у ГЛВ. Для емпіричного дослідження проведено структурний аналіз вітчизняної зовнішньої торгівлі в розрізі чотирьох основних категорій: 1) технологічні товари; 2) низькотехнологічні товари; 3) металопродукція; 4) інша сировина. Для емпіричного оцінювання використовувалися квартальні дані за перioд 1998–2017 рр. Методика дослідження передбачала використання моделі векторної авторегресії з коригуванням помилок (Vector Error-Correction Model – VECМ). Емпіричні результати вказали на чіткий стимулюючий вплив технологічного і низькотехнологічного експорту на динаміку промислового виробництва, тоді як експорт металургійної та аграрної продукції мав рестрикційний вплив. Водночас технологічний експорт досить відчутно стимулює інші сегменти експортного сектору, а технологічний імпорт не сприяє збільшенню обсягів промислового виробництва.На основі проведеного дослідження обгрунтовано, що конкурентна участь у ГЛВ передбачає насамперед технологічне ускладнення експорту, але з можливістю використання продуктивних зв’язків у межах національної економіки (зокрема, інтеграцію у виробничі ланцюги нижчих технологічних укладів та заміщення імпорту технологічних товарів). Підкреслено, що передумови інтеграції окремих секторів експорту в конкурентні ланцюги вартості базуються на розвитку працемісткого виробництва за умови динамічного зростання заробітної плати.
ЦІНОВІ ОБСТАВИНИ РОЗВИТКУ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ
Authors: ПАСХАВЕР Борис
Published: April 2020

Головним джерелом фінансових ресурсів підприємств агропродовольчого комплексу є сприятливі пропорції цін придбання та реалізації товарів/послуг. У радянський період співвідношення цін на вході та виході сільського господарства забезпечувало колгоспам і радгоспам майже 40-процентну рентабельність. У подальшому гіперінфляція доби дії купоно-карбованця порушила ціновий паритет в агровиробництві, унаслідок чого більшість аграрних підприємств опинилися в зоні збитковості. З введенням гривні паритет цінового руху в сільському господарстві поступово налагодився, і сьогодні аграрна галузь – це високорентабельний сектор національної економіки.Нині продовольче споживання населення України є майже на 20% меншим за рекомендовану медиками норму. Поєднання значних обсягів експорту продовольства з масовим недоїданням є ознакою кардинальної цінової диспропорції – порушенням паритету між динамікою доходів населення і рухом цін на національному продовольчому ринку. Причина диспаритету – високі темпи інфляції, які викликають постійне знецінення національної валюти. У 2014–2015 рр. реальні доходи населення скоротилися на 30%, що на третину зменшило його витрати на купівлю продовольчих товарів. Позитивні, але недостатні темпи посткризової відбудови спостерігались у 2016–2017 рр. Якщо втрачено третину платоспроможного попиту, а темпи його відновлення – на рівні 3–4% річних, то ліквідація наслідків кризи затягнеться.Нам варто наслідувати досвід розвинутих країн, які використовують підвищення норми споживання (політику «кількісного пом’якшення») як антикризовий захід. В Україні маємо протилежну тенденцію: у кризові періоди норма споживання скорочується. На наш погляд, її доцільно збільшити до 75% національного ВВП, а нагромадження підвищувати за рахунок зростання інвестиційної привабливості для іноземних інвесторів.Головним показником, який характеризує цінову ситуацію, є індекс споживчих цін. Згідно з офіційною статистикою, реальні доходи населення України за пострадянський період істотно зросли, проте показники продовольчого споживання значно погіршилися. Таке протиріччя говорить про заниження індексу інфляції та потребує уточнення методичних принципів його обчислення.
Entre el ciudadano republicano y el individuo liberal. El debate sobre el voto obligatorio en el nacimiento de la democracia uruguaya
Authors: Gallardo Javier , Burian Camilo López
Published: April 2020

A la luz del debate sobre el voto obligatorio en la Convención Nacional Constituyente de Uruguay de 1916-1917, este texto reconstruye el ascendiente de un ideario republicano en la política uruguaya, en contrapunto con distintas posiciones liberales. Sin mayores forzamientos semánticos o discursivos, el texto da cuenta de las conexiones existentes entre las posiciones a favor y en contra del voto obligatorio y los leguajes políticos republicanos y liberales que han venido animando gran parte de los debates convencionales sobre la cuestión ciudadana y su reciente reactivación. El artículo permite entrever también la atracción que ejerciera la política de ideas en los debates fundacionales de la democracia uruguaya, así como la relevancia normativa y política de los intercambios deliberativos sostenidos en dicha instancia constitucional***Entre o cidadão republicano e o indivíduo liberal: o debate sobre o voto obrigatório no nascimento da democracia uruguaia***A luz do debate sobre o voto obrigatório na Convenção Nacional Constituinte do Uruguai de 1916-1917, este texto reconstrói a ascendência de uma ideologia republicana na política uruguaia, em contraponto com diferentes posições liberais. Sem grandes pretensões semânticas ou discursivas, o texto dá conta das conexões existentes entre as posições a favor e contra o voto obrigatório e os legados políticos republicanos e liberais que têm encorajado muito dos debates convencionais sobre a questão do cidadão e sua recente reativação. O artigo também nos permite vislumbrar a atração que a política de idéias exerceu nos debates fundamentais da democracia uruguaia, bem como a relevância normativa e política das trocas deliberativas mantidas nesse corpo constitucional.Palavras chave: Republicanismo. Liberalismo. Cidadania. Voto. Uruguai.
História, ciência e conservação da onça-pintada nos biomas brasileiros
Authors: Franco José Luiz De Andrade , Silva Lucas Gonçalves da
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo trata da história da ciência e da conservação da onça-pintada nos biomas brasileiros. Mostra a relação direta entre a pesquisa científica e as estratégias para a conservação da espécie. As fontes pesquisadas foram livros de divulgação científica, artigos científicos, dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado, sites de organizações governamentais e não governamentais, e relatórios de projetos de conservação. A conclusão enfatiza a importância da ciência e dos projetos de conservação na produção de conhecimentos e para promover uma convivência mais harmônica entre populações humanas e populações de onças-pintadas.
A borracha que apaga o café: notas para uma história tecnoambiental da seringueira em São Paulo
Authors: Di Deus Eduardo
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender a chegada e crescimento da cultura da seringueira (Hevea spp.) no estado de São Paulo, em especial, na região do interior paulista conhecida como planalto ocidental. Para entender como a seringueira chegou a vivenciar um boom nessa região a partir do final dos anos 1980 será preciso recuar algumas décadas e recuperar a história dessa importante espécie vegetal no estado mais industrializado do País. Isso será feito com uma abordagem que definimos como tecnoambiental, ou seja, que coloca em diálogo a história ambiental com os estudos antropológicos e históricos das técnicas.
What’s left of the sky? a history of relations between indigenous peoples and settlers in Canad
Authors: Soares Leonardo Barros
Published: April 2020

Resenha de: MILLER, James Rodger. Skyscrapers hide the heavens: a history ofIndian-White relations in Canada. University of Toronto Press, 2017.
“A world of connections and changes”: the Trajectory of an Environmental Historian in Latin America – Interview with John Soluri
Authors: Murari Luciana , Fischer Georg
Published: April 2020

***“Um mundo de conexões e mudanças”: a trajetória de um historiador ambiental na América Latina– entrevista com John Soluri***
O Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) como incentivo à permanência das famílias beneficiadas em suas comunidades de origem
Authors: Corrêa Fabrício Gallo , Chiarelli Lígia Maria Ávila
Published: April 2020

Este estudo apresenta a avaliação da influência do Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR) como fator contribuinte e/ou motivador no desejo das famílias beneficiadas em permanecer nas suas comunidades de origem, com possibilidade real de desenvolvimento próprio e das futuras gerações. Para tal, elegeu-se como Estudo de Caso a Colônia de Pescadores Artesanais da Ilha da Torotama – Rio Grande/RS, em virtude da carência de avaliações pós execução do PNHR no meio rural, e ainda em comunidades tradicionalmente estabelecidas, diversas daquelas pertencentes à agricultura familiar. Pretende-se, desta forma, evidenciar a validade do PNHR como uma política pública habitacional que busca em suas determinações e objetivos, além de desestimular o êxodo rural, promover a valorização humana das famílias do campo e de comunidades tradicionais, sua inclusão social e seus anseios por uma vida digna.
Deixar morrer, matar ou morrer: dilemas morais que envolvem a vida
Authors: Dourado Maria Francysnalda Oliveira
Published: April 2020

As reflexões deste artigo centram-se em questões bioéticas de algumas possíveis condutas praticadas em pessoas que estão na iminência de morrer, a saber: eutanásia, ortotanásia, distanásia e suicídio assistido. Dessas práticas, tanto a eutanásia quanto o suicídio assistido são defesos no Brasil. Ademais, mister especificar que há divergências entre alguns filósofos morais, uma vez que de um lado há os que corroboram com tais práticas ao passo que outros discordam. Além disso, ressalta-se que esse estudo foi realizado mediante leituras e análises, portanto, foi utilizado da Pesquisa Bibliográfica como metodologia.
O olhar de adolescentes grávidas no ritual de passagem menina-mãe
Authors: Camargo Carmen Aparecida Cardoso Maia , Camargo Marcio Antonio Ferreira , De Oliveira Jaciara Aurora , De Paulo Bianca Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

A gravidez precoce constitui um problema social importante a ser estudado, porque interfere na vida do adolescente, podendo alterar seu desenvolvimento integral e também da família dos mesmos, principalmente em uma camada social vulnerável economicamente. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar os impactos causados pela gravidez na vida das adolescentes. Trata de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Na pesquisa de campo, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, dirigida às adolescentes grávidas de famílias desprovidas de planos de saúde que recebem atendimento no Programa Materno Infantil – PROMAI, de um Hospital no sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Participaram da pesquisa 13 adolescentes. Para a interpretação dos dados das entrevistas utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Na maioria das vezes, com a gestação precoce, causa descontentamento da família, as jovens abandonam a escola, sonhos pessoais, consequentemente diminuindo suas chances de desenvolvimento profissional e consequentemente perpetuando o ciclo da pobreza e exclusão social.
The Role of Government in Restoring International Competitiveness: the Case of Crisis Management in the Baltic States Economies versus Poland Economies
Authors: Matysek-Jędrych Anna
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the relationship between the government actions, global economic crisis, and competitiveness on a national and regional dimension. The Baltic States (i.e., Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) have experienced one of the biggest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contractions during the Global Crisis so far. Meanwhile, Poland was the only country with a positive GDP growth in the European Union during the Global Crisis. Hence, identifying and assessing changes in the relative competitiveness, as a consequence of the economic downturn in both Baltic States and Poland, has sparked many interests.The main channel through which the crisis undermined competitiveness has been the macroeconomic situation. That is why employing single macroeconomic variables as proxies of competitiveness suggests a much stronger influence of the crisis on competitiveness in comparison to overall measures (e.g. Global Competitiveness Index). It may be generally concluded that a short-term crisis, even if severe, does not have a negative influence on international competitiveness as long as a proper anti-crisis policy is implemented and the country is small enough to react fast and adapt to new conditions in the global environment.
First record of Leiostracus demerarensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1861) from Brazil (Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea), with a taxonomic reassessment
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , De Luca Andre C. , Cavallari Daniel Caracanhas , Cunha Carlo Magenta
Published: April 2020

We report the first Brazilian record of Leiostracus demerarensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1861) from Pará and Maranhão states. The distribution of this species now comprises Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and northern Brazil. Furthermore, given the uncertainty in generic and familial allocation of this species (either Bostryx Troschel, 1847, Bulimulidae, or Leiostracus Albers, 1850, Simpulopsidae), we used the barcoding segment of the COI gene to ascertain its classification in Simpulopsidae, retaining it as Leiostracus demerarensis. Moreover, Simpulopsis luteolus (Ancey, 1901) is also reported for the first time from Pará state.
Effect of preoperative administration of systemic alpha-2 agonists on postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ju Ji Youn , Kim Kye-Min , Lee Sangseok
Published: April 2020

Background: Alpha-2 agonists have sedative, analgesic, and opioid-sparing effects. Moreover, intraoperative or postoperative systemic administration of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists is known to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. This meta-analysis investigated whether preoperative administration of alpha-2 agonists can affect postoperative pain and opioid consumption.Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), KoreaMed, and KMbase databases through March 2019 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of preoperative systemic administration of alpha-2 agonists on postoperative pain and opioid consumption. We conducted a meta-analysis according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of postoperative pain intensity or dose of opioid consumption in the alpha-2 agonist group were extracted and combined using a random-effect model and were compared to those of the control group.Results: Eleven RCTs involving 748 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Preoperative administration of systemic alpha-2 agonists significantly reduced cumulative opioid consumption up to 6 h (SMD, –0.52; 95% confidence interval [–0.90 to –0.14]) and 24 h (SMD, –0.68 [–1.27 to –0.09]) after surgery. Moreover, preoperative administration of alpha-2 agonists significantly reduced postoperative pain intensity at 6 h (SMD, –0.50 [–0.78 to –0.21]) and 24 h (SMD, –0.44 [–0.86 to –0.03]).Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, high degree of heterogeneity limits the preoperative administration of alpha-2 agonists in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and pain intensity. Future powered large RCTs are required to increase the certainty of evidence on the effect in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and pain intensity.