bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and Postharvest Strategies to Minimize Mycotoxin Contamination in the Rice Food Chain
Authors: Gonçalves A. , Gkrillas A. , Dorne J. L. , Dall'Asta C. , Palumbo R. , Lima N. , Battilani P. , Venâncio A. , Giorni P.
Published: February 2019

Rice is part of many people's diet around the world, being the main energy source in some regions. Although fewer reports exist on the occurrence of mycotoxins in rice compared to other cereals, fungal contamination and the associated production of toxic metabolites, even at lower occurrence levels compared to other crops, are of concern because of the high consumption of rice in many countries. Due to the diversity of fungi that may contaminate the rice food chain, the co‐occurrence of mycotoxins is frequent. Specific strategies to overcome these problems may be applied at the preharvest part of the crop chain, while assuring good practices at harvest and postharvest stages, since different fungi may find suitable conditions to grow at the various stages of the production chain. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on such strategies in an integrated way, from the field to the final products, to reduce mycotoxin contamination in rice.
Optimized DNA extraction and library preparation for minute arthropods: Application to target enrichment in chalcid wasps used for biocontrol
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Nidelet Sabine , Arnal Pierre , Weber Audrey , Fusu Lucian , Gumovsky Alex , Huber John , Polaszek Andrew , Rasplus Jean‐Yves
Published: February 2019

Target enrichment is increasingly used for genotyping of plant and animal species or to better understand the evolutionary history of important lineages through the inference of statistically robust phylogenies. Limitations to routine target enrichment are both the complexity of current protocols and low input DNA quantity. Thus, working with tiny organisms such as microarthropods can be challenging. Here, we propose easy to set up optimizations for DNA extraction and library preparation prior to target enrichment. Prepared libraries were used to capture 1,432 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from microhymenoptera (Chalcidoidea), which are among the tiniest insects on Earth and the most commercialized worldwide for biological control purposes. Results show no correlation between input DNA quantities (1.8–250 ng, 0.4 ng with an extra whole genome amplification step) and the number of sequenced UCEs on an Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic inferences highlight the potential of UCEs to solve relationships within the families of chalcid wasps, which has not been achieved so far. The protocol (library preparation + target enrichment) allows processing 96 specimens in five working days, by a single person, without requiring the use of expensive robotic molecular biology platforms, which could help to generalize the use of target enrichment for minute specimens.
How does presurgical chemotherapy influence the efficiency of treatment for esophageal cancer recurrence after curative esophagectomy?
Authors: Taniyama Yusuke , Sakurai Tadashi , Hikage Makoto , Okamoto Hiroshi , Sato Chiaki , Takaya Kai , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi
Published: February 2019

Background

The effectiveness of treatments for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), particularly chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (CRT), remains unclear in patients who have previously been administered the same drugs during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 117 patients with recurrent thoracic ESCCs who had undergone curative resection were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on presurgical treatment: no presurgical treatment (n = 74), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 43). Prognosis after recurrence was analyzed differently in the group of patients who received CRT and chemotherapy for a recurrent site because of differences in recurrence patterns.

Results

There were no differences in patterns and times to recurrence between the patients who underwent each presurgical treatment. For treatment of recurrence, CRT was administered to 66 patients, chemotherapy to 32, surgical resection to 5, and best supportive care to 14. In patients who underwent CRT for local recurrence, the survival rates of those administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy were similar to those who did not receive any presurgical treatment (P = 0.706). In patients who underwent chemotherapy for distant metastasis, the survival rates of those administered neoadjuvant chemotherapy were worse than in those who did not receive any presurgical treatment (P = 0.028).

Conclusions

The effects of CRT for recurrent cancers are not influenced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even when using the same anticancer agent. Chemotherapy is an acceptable treatment for patients who do not receive presurgical treatment.
Is video‐assisted thoracoscopy a sufficient approach for mediastinal lymph node dissection to treat lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy?
Authors: Tian Zhoujunyi , Sui Xizhao , Yang Fan , Wang Jun
Published: February 2019

Background

The role of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following neoadjuvant therapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the sufficiency of VATS by evaluating perioperative and long‐term outcomes.

Methods

Patients with locally advanced NSCLC and treated with radical surgery after neoadjuvant therapy were identified in our database. The thoroughness of MLND was compared by approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of sufficient MLND. Propensity score matching was performed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess long‐term survival.

Results

Of the 127 enrolled patients, 56 underwent attempted VATS and 71 underwent thoracotomy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that approach was not a predictor of sufficient MLND (odds ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.364–1.803; P = 0.606). After matching, 28 pairs of patients were selected from the two groups. There was no significant difference between the numbers of dissected lymph nodes (15 vs. 20; P = 0.191) and nodal stations (7 vs. 7; P = 0.315). Recurrence‐free (log‐rank P = 0.613) and overall survival (log‐rank P = 0.379) was similar in both groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated that VATS was not an independent predictor of recurrence‐free (hazard ratio 0.955, 95% CI 0.415–2.198; P = 0.913) or overall survival (hazard ratio 0.841, 95% CI 0.338–2.093; P = 0.709).

Conclusion

Compared to thoracotomy, VATS is a sufficient approach for MLND to treat locally advanced NSCLC following neoadjuvant therapy without compromising long‐term survival.
A Prospective Study of Health Conditions Related to Alcohol Consumption Cessation Among 97,852 Drinkers Aged 45 and Over in Australia
Authors: Sarich Peter , Canfell Karen , Banks Emily , Paige Ellie , Egger Sam , Joshy Grace , Korda Rosemary , Weber Marianne
Published: February 2019

Background

Evidence suggests that people who develop serious health conditions are likely to cease drinking alcohol (sometimes known as “sick‐quitters”). We quantified the likelihood of quitting drinking in relation to the onset of a variety of health conditions.

Methods

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ceasing alcohol consumption after diagnosis of 28 health conditions and 4 general indicators of health were derived from logistic regression among 97,852 drinkers aged ≥ 45 years between baseline (2006 to 2009) and median 5.3 years of follow‐up in the New South Wales 45 and Up Study. Incident health conditions at follow‐up were self‐reported.

Results

At follow‐up, 9.6% (n = 9,438) of drinkers had ceased drinking. Drinking cessation was significantly associated with 24 of 32 health conditions examined: 15.4% of participants with newly diagnosed diabetes quit drinking (ORfor quitting vs. continuing 1.77, 95%CI: 1.60 to 1.96), 16.4% with Parkinson's disease (1.71, 1.35 to 2.17), 17.8% with poor memory (1.68, 1.43 to 1.97), 19.2% with hip fracture (1.64, 1.30 to 2.06), 14.7% with stroke (1.45, 1.27 to 1.66), 12.5% with depression (1.40, 1.26 to 1.55), 15.0% with breast cancer (1.38, 1.18 to 1.61), 12.3% with heart disease (1.34, 1.25 to 1.44), and 13.3% with osteoarthritis (1.22, 1.12 to 1.33). Strong associations with quitting were observed in those with a decline in self‐rated overall health (2.93, 2.53 to 3.40) and quality of life (2.68, 2.24 to 3.21). Some health conditions not significantly associated with quitting were prostate cancer, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer, hay fever, and hearing loss. Findings were generally consistent for men and women, by age group and by smoking status.

Conclusions

Diagnosis with a variety of health conditions appears to prompt drinking cessation in older adults.
Toll‐like receptor 9, maternal cell‐free DNA and myometrial cell response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation
Authors: Beck Stacy , Buhimschi Irina A. , Summerfield Taryn L. , Ackerman William E. , Guzeloglu‐Kayisli Ozlem , Kayisli Umit A. , Zhao Guomao , Schatz Frederick , Lockwood Charles J. , Buhimschi Catalin S.
Published: February 2019

Problem

Among mechanisms triggering onset of parturition, it has been recently postulated that Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR)9 engagement by cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) triggers inflammation, myometrial contractions, and labor in absence of infection. The current study evaluated whether direct (myometrial) or indirect (decidual) TLR9 engagement enhances human myometrial contractility.

Method of Study

Toll‐like receptor 9 expression and cellular localization were surveyed by immunohistochemistry of placenta, fetal membranes, and myometrium in term (gestational age [GA]: >37 weeks) labor (TL, n = 7) or term non‐labor (TNL, n = 7) tissues. Non‐pregnant myometrium (n = 4) served as reference. TLR9 mRNA expression relative to other TLRs was evaluated through the mining of an RNA‐seq dataset and confirmed by RT‐PCR. Immortalized human myometrial cells (hTERT‐HM) were treated with incremental concentrations of TLR9 agonist ODN2395, TNF‐α, or LPS. Secreted cytokines were quantified by multiplex immunoassay, and contractility was assessed by an in‐gel cell contraction assay (n = 9). Induction of hTERT‐HM contractility was also evaluated indirectly following exposure to conditioned media from primary term decidual cells (n = 4) previously stimulated with ODN2395.

Results

Toll‐like receptor 9 immunostaining in placenta and amniochorion was strongest in decidual cells, but unrelated to labor. TLR9 staining intensity was significantly decreased in TL compared with TNL myometrium (P = 0.002). Although total cfDNA in maternal circulation increased in TL (P = 0.025 vs TNL), difference in cffDNA was non‐significant. Myometrial TLR9 mRNA levels were unaffected by contractile status and far less abundant than other pro‐inflammatory TLRs. hTERT‐HM contractility was enhanced by LPS (P = 0.002) and TNF‐α (P = 0.003), but not by ODN2395 (P = 0.345) or supernatant of TLR9‐stimulated decidual cells.

Conclusion

Myometrial and decidual TLR9 are unlikely to directly regulate human parturition.
Safety of laparoscopic appendicectomy during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Joy , Kong Joseph Cherng , Su Wai Kin , Gourlas Peter , Gillespie Christopher , Slack Timothy , Morris Bradley , Lutton Nicholas
Published: February 2019

Background

Acute appendicitis is the most common non‐obstetric surgical presentation during pregnancy. There were concerns that laparoscopic appendicectomy increases the risk of foetal loss compared to an open approach. Therefore, with recent advances in perioperative care, it is likely the risk has changed. Here, we performed an updated meta‐analysis assessing the safety of laparoscopic appendicectomy in pregnant women.

Methods

A meta‐analysis was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search was undertaken between 2000 and 2017 on Ovid Medline and Embase. The primary outcome measures were foetal loss and preterm delivery, whereas secondary outcome measures were operative time and hospital length of stay. A random‐effect model was performed to pool odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD).

Results

Seventeen observational studies were included, with 1886 patients in the laparoscopic and 4261 patients in the open group. Comparing laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy, there were 54 (5.96%) and 136 (3.73%) foetal losses, respectively. However, preterm delivery was much higher in the open approach (8.99%) compared to laparoscopic approach (2.84%). Pooled OR for foetal loss was 1.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.58, P < 0.001), whereas OR for preterm delivery was 0.39 (95% CI 0.27–0.55, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between both approaches for operative time (SMD −0.07; 95% CI −0.43 to 0.30, P = 0.71) or hospital length of stay (SMD −0.34; 95% CI −0.83 to 0.16, P = 0.18).

Conclusion

In a pooled analysis of level III evidence, laparoscopic appendicectomy posed a higher risk of foetal loss but lower risk of preterm delivery. Caution and informed consent are crucial when offering a laparoscopic approach.
Fluid volume kinetics of 20% albumin
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Zdolsek Markus , Hasselgren Emma , Zdolsek Joachim , Björne Håkan
Published: February 2019

Aims

A population kinetic model was developed for the body fluid shifts occurring when 20% albumin is given by intravenous infusion. The aim was to study whether its efficacy to expand the plasma volume is impaired after major surgery.

Methods

An intravenous infusion of 3 mL/kg 20% albumin over 30 minutes was given to 15 volunteers and to 15 patients on the 1st day after major open abdominal surgery. Blood samples and urine were collected during 5 hours. Mixed‐effect modelling software was used to develop a fluid volume kinetic model, using blood haemoglobin and urine excretion the estimate body fluid shifts, to which individual‐specific covariates were added in sequence.

Results

The rise in plasma albumin expanded the plasma volume in excess of the infused volume by relocating noncirculating fluid (rate constant k21), but it also increased losses of fluid from the kinetic system (kb). The balance between k21 and kb maintained the rise in plasma albumin and plasma volume at a virtual steady‐state for almost 2 hours. The rate constant for urinary excretion (k10) was slightly reduced by the preceding surgery, by a marked rise in plasma albumin, and by a high preinfusion urinary concentration of creatinine. The arterial pressure, body weight, and plasma concentrations of C‐reactive protein and shedding products of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (syndecan‐1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid) did not serve as statistically significant covariates.

Conclusions

There were no clinically relevant differences in the kinetics of 20% albumin between postoperative patients and volunteers.
Treatment of internuclear ophthalmoparesis in multiple sclerosis with fampridine: A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: Kanhai Kawita M. S. , Nij Bijvank Jenny A. , Wagenaar Yorick L. , Klaassen Erica S. , Lim KyoungSoo , Bergheanu Sandrin C. , Petzold Axel , Verma Ajay , Hesterman Jacob , Wattjes Mike P. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , van Rijn Laurentius J. , Groeneveld Geert Jan
Published: February 2019

Aim

To examine whether the velocity of saccadic eye movements in internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO) improves with fampridine treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial with fampridine in patients with MS and INO. Horizontal saccades were recorded at baseline and at multiple time points post‐dose. Main outcome measures were the change of peak velocity versional dysconjugacy index (PV‐VDI) and first‐pass amplitude VDI (FPA‐VDI). Both parameters were compared between fampridine and placebo using a mixed model analysis of variance taking patients as their own control. Pharmacokinetics was determined by serial blood sampling.

Results

Thirteen patients had a bilateral and 10 had a unilateral INO. One patient had an INO of abduction (posterior INO of Lutz) and was excluded. Fampridine significantly reduced both PV‐VDI (−17.4%, 95% CI: −22.4%, −12.1%; P < 0.0001) and FPA‐VDI (−12.5%, 95% CI: −18.9%, −5.5%; P < 0.01). Pharmacokinetics demonstrated that testing coincided with the average tmax at 2.08 hours (SD 45 minutes). The main adverse event reported after administration of fampridine was dizziness (61%).

Conclusion

Fampridine improves saccadic eye movements due to INO in MS. Treatment response to fampridine may gauge patient selection for inclusion to remyelination strategies in MS using saccadic eye movements as primary outcome measure.
The effect of FoxP3 on tumour stage, treatment response, recurrence and survivalability in nasopharynx cancer patients
Authors: Kara İrfan , Çağlı Sedat , Vural Alperen , Yüce İmdat , Gündoğ Mete , Deniz Kemal , Kökoğlu Kerem
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the cell percentage of T regulator (Treg) cells of patients’ specimens and disease severity, survivability, recurrence and metastasis in patients who were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Design, Setting and Participants: Sixty patients who were diagnosed as NPC and treated by the same protocol were enrolled to the study. Patient files were reviewed retrospectively and their clinical and pathological results were recorded. Deparaffinized samples of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were stained immunohistochemically with anti‐FoxP3 monoclonal antibody. All patients’s Anti‐FoxP3 stained slides were evaluated by the same pathologist. Stained Treg lymphocytes around the tumoral foci were investigated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the total anti‐FoxP3‐stained Treg cell counts of the specimens; that is, less than 20% of the total or more than 20% of the total. These groups were compared statistically.

Main Outcome Measures: Intensity of FoxP3 which is related to negative tumor response was the main outcome measure. It was evaluated in terms of stage, survival, recurrence and metastasis.

Results: The study group consisted of 42 male patients (70%) and 18 female patients (30%). The mean age was 47 ± 14.9. NPC subtypes among the patients were undifferentiated non‐keratinized type in 54 patients (90%), differentiated non‐keratinized type in 4 patients (6.66%) and keratinized type squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2 patients (3.33%). When the two groups were compared in terms of pathological subtype, there was no significant variation between the two groups. There was also no significant variation between the two groups when compared on the basis of tumor stage (P = 0.36 for T phase, P = 0.122 for N phase), early stage, late phase (P = 0.15), survival rate (P = 0.69 for general survival), recurrence (P = 0.2 for local recurrence, P = 0.37 for regional recurrence) and distant metastasis (P = 0.3).

Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the concentration of these cells in the stained specimens and the disease stage, survival rate, recurrence and distant metastasis discovered.
Deprescribing in dermatology: a systematic review of current dermatological guidelines
Authors: Darr‐Foit Susanne , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg
Published: February 2019

The term “deprescribing” refers to the systematic process of identifying, tapering, and discontinuing individually ineffective and/or potentially harmful drugs. Considering various aspects, the present review addresses the concept of “deprescribing” in the context of recommendations for use of systemic drugs contained in current dermatological guidelines. Overall, 16 sets of guidelines developed under the auspices of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG) were reviewed. Our analysis shows that many guidelines contain no or insufficient information in terms of deprescribing systemic drugs. We therefore propose that future guidelines and guideline updates should include standardized recommendations for discontinuation or dose adjustment of systemic therapies.
Rechallenge of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Reschke Robin , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Ziemer Mirjana
Published: February 2019

Rechallenge of targeted therapy in patients with BRAFV600‐mutated melanoma plays an important role, because of the prolonged overall survival of melanoma patients. Patients may be rechallenged after a drug‐free interval following adverse drug reactions, after radiation therapy or surgery, following disease progression on subsequent immunotherapy or chemotherapy, or after disease progression without interim therapeutic intervention. To date, only few data has been published on treatment outcomes associated with rechallenge.

The articles published on this topic included a total of 238 patients. In general, it was shown that patients did respond to rechallenge, even if they had previously experienced disease progression on targeted therapy. Patient response varied from stable disease to partial response and even complete remission in some cases. Our analysis showed overall response rates to rechallenge of 47 %, with disease control rates of 67 %. While mean progression‐free survival was 6.4 months, this was shorter than after the first round of targeted therapy (mean progression‐free survival of 9.2 months).

Rechallenge of targeted therapy offers another option in the management of melanoma patients who have received extensive prior treatment. In particular, it will be important to clarify whether the type of interim treatment has an impact on the response to rechallenge.
Model‐based characterization of the relationship between dapagliflozin systemic exposure and HbA1c response in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parkinson Joanna , Tang Weifeng , Åstrand Magnus , Melin Johanna , Ekholm Ella , Hamrén Bengt , Boulton David W.
Published: February 2019

Aims

To quantitatively describe the relationship between dapagliflozin systemic exposure and HbA1c response among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and assess the potential impact of covariate effects.

Materials and Methods

Individual longitudinal HbA1c data from two phase 3 studies in patients with T1DM (24‐week treatment with once‐daily dapagliflozin 5 or 10 mg or placebo, with adjustable insulin) were analyzed using a non‐linear mixed effect modeling approach. Area under the concentration curve was used to measure dapagliflozin systemic exposure. Baseline HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, reduction in total insulin dose, baseline glucose concentrations, age, sex, race (Asian vs. non‐Asian), and insulin administration method (multiple daily injections vs. insulin pump) were assessed as covariates.

Results

A maximum effect (Emax) model identified a positive exposure–response relationship. Model‐predicted placebo‐corrected HbA1c reductions after 24 weeks for dapagliflozin 5‐ and 10‐mg doses were − 0.42% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.47 to −0.36) and − 0.45% (95% CI −0.50 to −0.40), respectively; baseline HbA1c was ~8.4%. This was in good agreement with actual observations from both studies. Baseline HbA1c was a significant covariate: patients with higher baseline HbA1c were predicted to have greater HbA1c reductions.

Conclusions

The relationship between dapagliflozin systemic exposure and HbA1c response was successfully described in patients with T1DM. None of the tested covariates affected the efficacy of dapagliflozin to a clinically relevant extent. Therefore, no dose adjustment of dapagliflozin is required in patients with T1DM based on the tested covariates. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02268214; NCT02460978.
Characterizing surface electrochemical properties of simulated bulk soil in situ by streaming potential measurements
Authors: Li Zhongyi , Liu Yuan , Wang Dengjun , Wang Pengshun , Xu Renkou , Xie Deti
Published: February 2019

To evaluate the feasibility of using streaming potential to characterize the surface electrochemical properties of soil in situ, a quartz sand‐packed column was used to mimic the porous structure and architecture of bulk soil. A laboratory‐made apparatus was developed to measure in situ the streaming potential of quartz grains in the packed column under environmentally relevant physicochemical conditions (e.g. electrolyte pH, Fe oxide coating on sand grains, transport of goethite and amorphous Al hydroxide colloids, and the presence of humic acid). The results showed a significant positive relation between the measured streaming potentials and zeta potentials of the quartz grains examined. With decreasing electrolyte pH, the streaming potential of the quartz grains became less negative because of the greater protonation effect. Similarly, when Fe oxide was adsorbed on to the quartz surfaces, the streaming potential of Fe oxide‐coated quartz grains was less negative than that of uncoated quartz grains as a result of charge neutralization between positively charged Fe oxide and negatively charged sand grains. However, the streaming potential of Fe oxide‐coated quartz grains became more negative when humic acid was added to the electrolyte solution because of increased adsorption of negatively charged humic acid. Interestingly, an obvious change of streaming potential in the processes of colloidal goethite and amorphous Al hydroxide transport in the sand‐packed column grains occurred. Given that the overall positive charge of the colloidal amorphous Al was greater than that of goethite colloids, transport of amorphous Al colloids was found to exert a stronger effect on the variation in streaming potential of quartz sand. Taken altogether, the in situ streaming potential results showed that streaming potential can be used as a powerful index to characterize directly the surface electrochemical properties of quartz grains representing bulk soil.

Highlights

The variation in surface electrochemical properties of bulk soil needs investigation.

We measured the streaming potential produced by simulated bulk soil using a laboratory‐made apparatus.

The streaming potential of bulk soil varied with the change in environmentally relevant conditions.

Streaming potential is a powerful index characterizing the surface electrochemical properties of bulk soil.
Pituitary gland abscess in a horse subsequent to head trauma
Authors: Morgan R. E. , Fiske‐Jackson A. R. , Biggi M.
Published: February 2019

A 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding with recent history of head trauma presented with multiple facial swellings, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, neck pain, inappetence and depression. On computed tomographic examination, lesions within the pituitary fossa and structures adjacent to the right guttural pouch were identified. Soft tissue swelling was seen in the dorsal aspect of the right guttural pouch surrounding several cranial nerves, with fluid‐like material in the dependent portions of the right guttural pouch. A CSF sample revealed mild mixed pleocytosis and increased protein concentration. The horse had concurrent periapical disease of the 209‐cheek tooth and mild left sinusitis. The horse's demeanour deteriorated requiring euthanasia. Post‐mortem examination revealed a pituitary gland abscess.
Gene expression in the social behavior network of the wire‐tailed manakin (Pipra filicauda) brain
Authors: Horton Brent M. , Ryder Thomas B. , Moore Ignacio T. , Balakrishnan Christopher N.
Published: February 2019

The vertebrate basal forebrain and midbrain contain a set of interconnected nuclei that control social behavior. Conserved anatomical structures and functions of these nuclei have now been documented among fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, and these brain regions have come to be known as the vertebrate social behavior network (SBN). While it is known that nuclei (nodes) of the SBN are rich in steroid and neuropeptide activity linked to behavior, simultaneous variation in the expression of neuroendocrine genes among several SBN nuclei has not yet been described in detail. In this study, we use RNA‐seq to profile gene expression across seven brain regions representing five nodes of the vertebrate SBN in a passerine bird, the wire‐tailed manakin Pipra filicauda. Using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, we reconstructed sets of coregulated genes, showing striking patterns of variation in neuroendocrine gene expression across the SBN. We describe regional variation in gene networks comprising a broad set of hormone receptors, neuropeptides, steroidogenic enzymes, catecholamines and other neuroendocrine signaling molecules. Our findings show heterogeneous patterns of brain gene expression across nodes of the avian SBN and provide a foundation for future analyses of how the regulation of gene networks may mediate social behavior. These results highlight the importance of region‐specific sampling in studies of the mechanisms of behavior.
Single‐step process without organic template for the formation of zeolite A from RHA
Authors: Kumar Amit , Naskar Milan K.
Published: February 2019

Dice‐shaped zeolite A (NaA) was prepared via direct dissolution of rice husk ash (96.5% SiO2) in the presence of NaOH and sodium aluminate solution by autoclave process at 90°C/6 h without using any templating agent. The prepared particles were characterized by DTA/TG, XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption‐desorption physisorption analysis, FESEM, and TEM. XRD results confirmed crystallization of pure NaA zeolite phase. FTIR study shows the characteristic bands at 554 cm−1 for double 4 membered ring (D4R) of NaA zeolite. The total BET surface area of the product was found to be 31.6 m2 g−1. FESEM and TEM images show dice shaped NaA particles of size around 1 μm which is formed via oriented crystalline aggregation of primary particles (30‐40 nm). A tentative mechanism was proposed for the formation of NaA crystals through direct dissolution of rice husk ash. The synthesized NaA zeolite could be used for purification of alcohol and separation of toxic and radioactive ions from waste water via a cost‐effective process.
Identification of antioxidant peptides derived from egg‐white protein and its protective effects on H2O2‐induced cell damage
Authors: Zhang Biying , Wang Huiyu , Wang Ying , Yu Yiding , Liu Jingbo , Liu Boqun , Zhang Ting
Published: February 2019

To identify novel antioxidant peptides from egg‐white protein and investigate antioxidant mechanism, the hydrolysate of egg‐white protein was purified by ultrafiltration and a Sephadex G‐15 column. The peptides VYLPR, EVYLPR, VEVYLPR and VVEVYLPR were identified from the fraction with the highest antioxidant activity. The Results showed that the peptide VYLPR exhibited the strongest protective effect on HEK‐293 cells. The viability of cells recovered to 97.45 ± 1.98% with pre‐treatment of 20 μm VYLPR. We further investigated antioxidant mechanism. The results showed VYLPR could inhibit lipid peroxidation process, maintain cell membrane integrity, inhibit intracellular LDH activity, reduce MDA content, and improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme T‐SOD and GSH‐Px. This work could help researchers in understanding antioxidant mechanism of peptides and also contribute to developing functional egg‐white product.
Lack of harmonization in high fluorescent cell automated counts with body fluids mode in ascitic, pleural, synovial, and cerebrospinal fluids
Authors: Buoro Sabrina , Seghezzi Michela , Dominoni Paola , Moioli Valentina , Manenti Barbara , Previtali Giulia , Ottomano Cosimo , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Cellular analysis in body fluids (BFs) provides important diagnostic information in various pathological settings. This study was hence aimed at comparing automated cell count obtained with Mindray BC‐6800 (BC‐BF) vs Sysmex XN‐series (XN‐BF) and evaluating other quantitative and qualitative information provided by these analyzers in ascitic (AF), pleural (PF), synovial (SF), and cerebrospinal (CSF) fluids.

Methods

Three hundred and fifty‐one samples (99 AFs, 45 PFs, 75 SFs, and 132 CSFs) were analyzed in parallel with BC‐BF, XN‐BF, and optical microscopy (OM). The study also included the assessment of diagnostic agreement among BC‐BF, XN‐BF, and OM.

Results

The comparison of BC‐BF vs XN‐BF yielded slopes of Passing and Bablok regression always comprised between 0.9 and 1.0 except for EO‐BF and HF‐BF, whilst the intercepts ranged from −0.4 for MN‐BF and 12.0 for PMN‐BF. The bias was comprised between −103.3% and 67.1% for HF‐BF and EO‐BF, respectively. A significant bias was found for TC‐BF, WBC‐BF, HF‐BF (negative bias) and for PMN‐BF and EO‐BF (positive bias). The agreement (Cohen's kappa) between XN‐BF and BC‐BF was always ≥0.7, ranging between 0.87 in CSFs and 0.94 in AFs, and that with OM was similar (ie, 0.85 and 0.96).

Conclusion

The cytometric analysis of BF samples using BC‐BF and XN‐BF is clinically favorable when appropriately combined with OM. Quantitative and qualitative parameters displayed optimal agreement, whilst instrument‐specific cut‐offs should be defined and implemented for HF‐BF and EO‐BF. Further efforts should be made for achieving better harmonization in cytometric analysis of BF samples.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes between open and minimally invasive nephroureterectomy: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Nazzani Sebastiano , Bazinet Amélie , Preisser Felix , Mazzone Elio , Tian Zhe , Mistretta Francesco A , Shariat Shahrokh F , Saad Fred , Zorn Kevin C , Montanari Emanuele , Briganti Alberto , Carmignani Luca , Karakiewicz Pierre I
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To examine intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as the impact on length of stay and total hospital charges of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy compared with open nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Methods

Within the National Inpatient Sample (2008–2013), we identified patients with non‐metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with either minimally invasive nephroureterectomy or open nephroureterectomy. We relied on inverse probability of treatment weighting to reduce the effect of inherent differences between open nephroureterectomy versus minimally invasive nephroureterectomy. Multivariable logistic regression, multivariable Poisson regression models and multivariable linear regression models were used.

Results

Between 2008 and 2013, we identified 3897 patients treated with either minimally invasive nephroureterectomy (1093 [28%]) or open nephroureterectomy (2804 [72%]). In multivariable logistic regression models, minimally invasive nephroureterectomy resulted in lower rates of overall (odds ratio 0.71, P < 0.001), wound (odds ratio 0.49, P = 0.01), intraoperative (odds ratio 0.55, P = 0.01), miscellaneous surgical (odds ratio 0.64, P = 0.008) and miscellaneous medical complications (odds ratio 0.77, P = 0.002). Furthermore, minimally invasive nephroureterectomy was associated with lower rates of transfusions (odds ratio 0.61, P < 0.001). In multivariable Poisson regression models, minimally invasive nephroureterectomy was associated with shorter length of stay (relative risk 0.88, P < 0.001). Finally, higher total hospital charges ($2500 more per patient) were recorded for minimally invasive nephroureterectomy.

Conclusions

Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, as well as length of stay, but not total hospital charges favor minimally invasive nephroureterectomy over open nephroureterectomy. These outcomes validate the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in select upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients.
Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on quality of life in children with early mixed dentition: A hierarchical approach
Authors: Portella Paula Dresch , Menoncin Bruna Leticia Vessoni , de Souza Juliana Feltrin , de Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Assunção Luciana Reichert da Silva
Published: February 2019

Background

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is associated with unfavourable dental conditions such as dental caries and may consequently impact oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Objective

To assess the impact of MIH on OHRQoL in children with early mixed dentition.

Method

A population‐based cross‐sectional study of 728 8‐year‐old children from the public school system in Curitiba, Brazil, was conducted. The Child Perception Questionnaire for 8‐ to 10‐year‐olds (CPQ8‐10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL. MIH was diagnosed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The assessments of MIH, dental caries, and malocclusion were performed by four calibrated examiners (κ ≥ 0.80). Demographic and socioeconomic data (DSE) were obtained from the children's parents/caregivers using a structured questionnaire. The analysis of OHRQoL determinants was performed through a three‐level hierarchical approach: mesial (DSE), intermediate (clinical conditions), and distal (child's oral self‐perception), using Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of MIH was 12.1% (95% CI: 10‐15). An association was found between MIH and OHRQoL in the “oral symptoms” domain of the CPQ8‐10 (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.11, P < 0.001) after adjusting for other clinical variables and DSE.

Conclusion

Molar incisor hypomineralization was associated with a greater impact on OHRQoL in children's oral symptoms.
Bilateral maxillary augmentation using CAD/CAM manufactured allogenic bone blocks for restoration of congenitally missing teeth: A case report
Authors: Blume Oliver , Donkiewicz Phil , Back Michael , Born Teresa
Published: February 2019

Objective

Various biomaterials have been successfully applied in alveolar bone regeneration, however, the reconstruction of extensive osseous defects remains challenging and is often unfeasible with granular grafting materials. Several studies have outlined allogenic bone blocks as valid alternative to autologous block grafting.

Clinical Considerations

In this report, we demonstrate the regeneration of two large osseous defects in the maxilla with allogenic bone blocks made from human donor bone. The bone blocks were customized using the CAD/CAM technology in order to enable the insertion of four dental implants.

Conclusions

Both blocks perfectly matched the defect geometry, showed limited resorption, led to the formation of sufficient amounts of mineralized bone in both horizontal and vertical dimensions and enabled the installation of implants according to the treatment plan. The implementation of innovative technologies for individualization of allogenic bone blocks simplifies the restoration of complex and extensive osseous defects and poses great benefits for both practitioners and patients.

Clinical Significance

The here presented procedure demonstrates the successful regeneration of two extensive osseous defects in a patient suffering from hypodontia using two CAD/CAM manufactured allogenic bone blocks, rendering the procedure far less invasive as compared to guided bone regeneration carried out with autologous transplants. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report that radiographically demonstrates the new formation of a cortical bone layer following block grafting with solely cancellous bone blocks.
Attitudes of Older Adults and Caregivers in Australia toward Deprescribing
Authors: Reeve Emily , Low Lee‐Fay , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Use of harmful and/or unnecessary medications in older adults is common. Understanding older adult and caregiver attitudes toward deprescribing will contribute to medication optimization in practice. The aims of this study were to capture the attitudes and beliefs of older adults and caregivers toward deprescribing and determine what participant characteristics and/or attitudes (if any) predicted reported willingness to have a medication deprescribed.

DESIGN

Self‐completed questionnaire.

SETTING

Australia.

PARTICIPANTS

Older adults (n = 386), 65 years or older, taking one or more regular prescription medications and caregivers of older adults (n = 205) who could self‐complete a written questionnaire in English.

MEASUREMENTS

Older adult and caregiver versions of the validated revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire were completed. The rPATD includes two global questions and four factors: perceived burden of medications, belief in appropriateness of medications, concerns about stopping, and involvement in medication management. Participant characteristics, self‐rated health, trust in physician, and health autonomy were also collected.

RESULTS

Older adult participants had a median age of 74 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 70‐81 y), and caregivers were aged 67 years (IQR = 59‐76) and were caring for a person aged 81 years (IQR = 75‐86.25 y). Most of both older adults (88%) and caregivers (84%) agreed or strongly agreed that they would be willing to stop one or more of their or their care recipient's medications if their or their care recipient's doctor said it was possible. In a binary logistic regression model, a low concern about stopping factor score was the strongest predictor of willingness to have a medication deprescribed in older adults (odds ratio [OR] = 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04‐0.34). Excellent/good rating of physical health was the strongest predictor in caregivers (OR = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.13‐12.23).

CONCLUSIONS

Most older adults and caregivers are willing to have one of their or their care recipient's medication deprescribed, although different predictors (characteristics/attitudes) of this willingness were identified in these two groups.
Comprehensive analysis of laserscanner validity used for measurement of wear
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Min , Ren Fan , Abdulhameed Nader , Kim Mijin , Neal Dan , Esquivel‐Upshaw Josephine
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that (a) a laserscanner used for measuring maximum depth and volume loss will yield the same results as a surface profilometer; (b) the surface roughness will affect the maximum depth and volume loss measured with the laserscanner; (c) analytical results using the laserscanner from multiple operators have no more than 10% inter‐rater difference and; (d) replicating samples using either stone or impression material is an accurate method for measuring wear using the laserscanner.

Materials and Methods

The volume and maximum depth of indentations from fine, medium and rough burs on glass‐ceramic disks were measured using two devices, a surface profilometer (Dektak II, Veeco) and a 3D Laserscanner (LAS‐20, SD Mechatronik). Replicates of the indentations made from polyvinysiloxane impression material and gypsum were also measured.

Results

Comparison of profilometer and laserscanner readings using ceramic disks demonstrated a mean error of 13.61% for depth and 25.32% for volume. Replication errors were minimal (2.6% for impression, 2.5% for stone). Surface profilometer data for volume measurements revealed a difference of 6.1% for impression and 6.5% for stone compared with ceramics. However, when measurements for replicates were compared between laserscanner and surface profilometer, depth had a mean error of 74% for impression and 51% for stone. Volume differences of 78% for impression and 44% for stone were recorded.

Conclusion

This work demonstrated that the laserscanner was a convenient device for measuring wear but there is a need to validate the accuracy of the measurements.
Black Adolescents’ Critical Reflection Development: Parents’ Racial Socialization and Attributions About Race Achievement Gaps
Authors: Bañales Josefina , Marchand Aixa D. , Skinner Olivenne D. , Anyiwo Nkemka , Rowley Stephanie J. , Kurtz‐Costes Beth
Published: February 2019

This research explored the development of Black adolescents’ (N = 454) critical reflection, conceived as individual (i.e., blaming Black people) and structural (i.e., blaming systemic racism) attributions for race achievement gaps. In this longitudinal study, adolescents and their parents reported their individual and structural attributions for race achievement gaps and parents’ racial socialization. Adolescents’ structural attributions increased from Grade 10 to Grade 12. Average levels of individual attributions did not change. Adolescents’ reports of parental racial socialization and parents’ structural attributions when youth were in Grade 10 predicted increases in adolescents’ structural attributions. Findings are applied to future research and efforts to increase adolescent critical reflection.
Evidence of Diverse Identities in a Large National Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents
Authors: Watson Ryan J. , Wheldon Christopher W. , Puhl Rebecca M.
Published: February 2019

Adolescence is a time of identity exploration, and preliminary evidence indicates the ways adolescents are describing their sexual and gender identities (SOGI) are changing. A nuanced understanding of SOGI is necessary for valid assessment in developmental research. Current measures do not capture the diversity of emerging identities among young people. Our study analyzed a national sample of 17,112 sexual and gender minority adolescents (13–17 years) to better understand how identity labels are reported across sexual, gender, and ethnoracial minorities. Adolescents reported 26 distinct SOGI categories; 24% of adolescents utilized nontraditional SOGI labels, such as pansexual and nonbinary. These identifications varied significantly as a function of ethnoracial identity. Results have implications for how scholars conceptualize and measure SOGI among adolescents.
The Road to Psychopathology: Neoliberalism and the Human Mind
Authors: Beattie Peter
Published: February 2019

Neoliberalism has been the dominant influence on economic policy in most of the world for nearly four decades. There has been a great deal of analysis of neoliberalism's economic effects, but its psychological effects have received comparatively less attention. This article attempts to fill this gap, providing an assessment of neoliberalism according to psychological criteria. First, it describes the development and evolution of neoliberal theory, noting how it has changed over time. The psychological suppositions inherent in neoliberal theory are foregrounded, and judged by their correspondence to psychological research. Then, relevant psychological literature is reviewed and discussed to discover the possible psychological effects of neoliberal economic policies. The conclusion refers to the genesis of neoliberalism as a source of inspiration for crafting an alternative economic ideology better suited to human psychology.