bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between self-rated health and physical performance in middle-aged and older women from Northeast Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Pirkle Catherine M. , Sentell Tetine , Costa José Vilton , Maciel Alvaro Campos Cavalcanti , da Câmara Saionara Maria Aires
Published: April 2020

Background

Self-rated Health (SRH) is regarded as a simple and valid measure of a person’s health status, given its association to adverse health outcomes, including low physical performance in older populations. However, studies investigating these associations in low- and middle-income settings are scarce, especially for middle-aged populations. Understanding the validity of SRH in relation to objective health measures in low-income populations could assist in decision making about health policy and strategies, especially in under-resourced settings.

Objective

Assess the relationship between SRH and physical performance measures in middle-aged and older women in a low-income setting of Brazil.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 571 middle-aged (40–59 years old) and older (60–80 years old) women living in Parnamirim and Santa Cruz in the Northeast region of Brazil. Participants reported their health status and were allocated to the “SRH good” or “SRH poor” groups. The physical performance evaluation included: handgrip strength, one-legged balance with eyes open and closed and chair stand test. The relationship between SRH and physical performance for middle-aged and older women was assessed by quantile regression (modeling medians) adjusted for potential confounders (age, socioeconomic variables, body mass index, menopause status, age at first birth, parity, chronic conditions and physical activity).

Results

Middle-aged women from the “SRH good” group presented better physical performance with 1.75 kgf stronger handgrip strength (95% CI [0.47–3.02]; p = 0.004), 1.31 s longer balance with eyes closed ([0.00–2.61]; p = 0.030), and they were 0.56 s faster in the chair stand test ([0.18–0.94]; p = 0.009) than those who reported “SRH poor”. No association was found for balance with eyes open. For older women, there was no evidence of associations between physical performance and SRH.

Conclusion

This study showed that SRH is significantly associated with objective measures of physical performance in a sample of low-income middle-aged women. SRH can be an important tool to indicate the need for further evaluation of physical performance among middle-aged women and can be particularly useful for low-income communities.
The whole body transcriptome of Coleophora obducta reveals important olfactory proteins
Authors: Wang Dongbai , Tao Jing , Lu Pengfei , Luo Youqing , Hu Ping
Published: April 2020

Background

The tiny casebearer moth Coleophora obducta, an important defoliator of Larix spp., is a major threat to ecological security in north China. Studies have shown that C. obducta is strongly specific to host plants; it is unable complete its life cycle without Larix spp. The sex pheromones of C. obducta Z5-10:OH have been elucidated; and eight types of antennae sensilla, have been detected, indicating that an exploration of its olfactory proteins is necessary, due to the general lack of information on this topic.

Methods

We investigated the whole body transcriptome of C. obducta, performed a phylogenetic analysis of its olfactory proteins and produced expression profiles of three pheromone-binding proteins (CobdPBPs) by qRT–PCR.

Results

We identified 16 odorant binding proteins, 14 chemosensory proteins, three sensory neuron membrane proteins, six odorant degrading enzymes, five antennal esterases, 13 odorant receptors, seven ionotropic receptors and 10 gustatory receptors, including three PBPs and one odorant co-receptor. Additionally, three putative pheromone receptors, two bitter gustatory receptors and five functional ionotropic receptors were found by phylogenetic analysis. The expression profiles of three PBPs in males and females showed that all of them exhibited male-specific expression and two were expressed at significantly higher levels in males. These data provide a molecular foundation from which to explore the olfactory recognition process and may be useful in the development of a new integrated pest management strategy targeting olfactory recognition of C. obducta.
Effect of Foliar Application of Macro and Micronutrients on Quality of Kinnow Mandarin
Authors: . Reetika , Rana G. S. , . Komal , . Pooja , Rana M. K.
Published: April 2020

Aims: To determine the suitable combination of fertilizers for obtaining high quality fruits from Kinnow orchard.

Study Design: The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications per treatment on Kinnow mandarin.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted on seven years old earmarked plants at Experimental Orchard and in Post-harvest Technology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India during the year 2016-17.

Methodology: The treatments comprising of 11 combinations of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid which were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Seven years old uniformly grown trees spaced at 6x6 m were selected for the present study and analyzed for yield and quality parameters such astotal soluble solids (%), acidity (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml juice), juice content (%), TSS to acid ratio etc.

Results: In comparison to other fertilizers combinations, the maximum fruit yield per plant (97.83 kg/plant), juice content (49.47%), total soluble solids (9.80%), TSS to acid ratio (11.95) and ascorbic acid content (32.30mg/100ml) and minimum acidity (0.83%), rag (24.00%) and peel content (25.60%) and peel thickness (3.42 mm) were registered with foliar application of Urea 1.0% + K2SO4 1.0% + ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% + H3BO3 0.2%, however, the foliar spray of Urea, K2SO4, ZnSO4, FeSO4 and boric acid had no effect on number of seeds per fruit in Kinnow mandarin. Thus it is clear from results that foliar nutrient application showed a stimulating influence on yield and quality parameters of Kinnow fruits.

Conclusion: From the research findings it can be concluded that the maximum potential of Kinnow mandarin plants in respect of fruit yield per plant, juice content, total soluble solids, TSS to acid ratio and ascorbic acid content was exploited to a maximum level and the acidity, rag and peel content and peel thickness to a minimum level with foliar application of Urea 1.0% + K2SO4 1.0% + ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% + H3BO3 0.2%.
The Effect of Dash Diet on the Blood Pressure of the Male Hypertensive Office Employees between 33-55 Years of Age
Authors: Rai Chetna , Sengupta Rupali
Published: April 2020

Aims: To determine the effect of the DASH Diet on the Blood Pressure of the male hypertensive office employees between 33-55 years of age.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Abhitex International Company, Panipat, Haryana, India between November 2018 to January 2019.

Methodology: The Clinical blood pressure of the office employees of Abhitex International company, Panipat, between the age group of 35 to 55 years was recorded, following the international guidelines given by American Heart Association(AHA) and American College of Cardiology. Purposive sampling was done and the employees who had clinical blood pressure above 120/80 mm Hg were considered as the samples for the study. The dietary pattern of the samples was evaluated by checking the adherence to the DASH diet which was done through a questionnaire and 3 days 24-hour diet recall. Dietary adherence was assessed using a scoring scheme adopted by Folsom and colleagues. Samples were made aware of the DASH Diet and post one month the adherence to DASH Diet was again checked and the change in the clinical blood pressure was observed.

Results: There were 50 study participants. The mean age of the participants was 41.5 years. The average Systolic blood pressure of the 50 participants in the pre-test was 149.3 mm of Hg and average diastolic blood pressure was 89.58 mm of Hg. Pre Nutrition Education Program, the total mean DASH adherence score was 4.3 out of 10 but post NEP and after following DASH Diet, the adherence score for the DASH Diet improved and resulted in 6.7 which indicated that the samples adhered more to the DASH Diet post NEP. There were reductions in systolic (149.30±18.98 mmHg to 146.12±14.85 mmHg) and diastolic (89.58±8.76 mmHg to 86.28±4.76 mmHg) blood pressures when the subjects adhered towards the DASH Diet. A significant difference at p=0.05(p=0.039*) in the pre and post-systolic blood pressure was observed in the study. A similar trend was also noticed in the pre and post-diastolic blood pressure which showed a highly significant difference at p=0.05(p=0.002**).

Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that the improvement in the DASH Diet adherence score was associated with a reduction in the Clinical blood pressure. There was a reduction in systolic (149.30±18.98 mmHg to 146.12±14.85 mmHg) and diastolic (89.58±8.76 mmHg to 86.28±4.76 mmHg) blood pressures with an improvement of DASH Adherence Score (4.3±1.27 to 6.7±1.19).
Revisiting Puerperal Sepsis in Obsteric Referal Centres in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okwudili Oranu Emmanuel , Oluwaseun Owolabi Ayodeji , Esther I. Nonye-Enyindah
Published: April 2020

Background: As the frontier of knowledge expands, surgical skills improve; and with the advent of increasingly potent antibiotics, it is expected that puerperal sepsis and its complications as captured in the literature of studies will be on the down turn. With this in mind, we decided to find out what is current as par risk factors and complications of puerperal sepsis in these obstetric referral centres in Port Harcourt.

Objective: To determine the risk factors and complications of puerperal sepsis at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital(UPTH), Port Harcourt and the River State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: The case notes of these patients were retrieved from the medical records departments and relevant data extracted using a well-structured proforma.  Data collected included the demographic characteristics, booking status, background immune suppression (HIV/AIDS or DM), labour characteristics, place and mode of delivery, fetal outcome, length of hospital stay. Morbidities like septicaemia, pelvic abscess, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy among others; and the presence of mortality was also noted. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Statistical analysis of data was done by Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The result is presented in tables of frequencies and percentages.

Results: The prevalence of puerperal sepsis was 1.7%. Risk factors were low parity, unbooked status (84.35%) and wound infection (29.9%), among other intrauterine foetal death (22.8%), obstructed labour (14.2%) and perineal tear (11.0%). The main complications of puerperal sepsis noticed were prolonged hospital stay (58.3%) and septicaemia (13.4%); pelvic abscess (10.2%) and intestinal obstruction (4.7%) while (1)3.1% ended in mortality.

Conclusion: Complications of puerperal sepsis were still high in these centres. Worrisomely, a huge number of these patients were unbooked.
Geological and Geoelectrical Investigation of a Proposed Dam Site Using Vertical Electrical Sounding at Osuworowo Stream, Utughughu Arochukwu, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ezebunanwa A. C. , Nwugha V. N. , Emeghara K. C. , Ibe G. C.
Published: April 2020

Geophysical studies was carried out at a proposed dam site across Osuworowo stream in Arochukwu, south eastern Nigeria to investigate the depth to bedrock, possible geologic structures and foundation conditions of the dam axis.  The study area is located between latitudes 5°23.58”N and 5°23.707”N and longitude 7°53.93”E and 7°53.97”E. Its elevation ranges from 90 ft to 149 ft. Six Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out along the stream course using ABEM SAS 1000 TERRAMETER and this was done using Schlumberger configuration with maximum half current electrode separation of 55m able to reveal deep seated structures. The ip2win software was used to model the VES data to give resistivities which vary between 258 Ωm and 39000 Ωm with three and four geoelectric layer combinations of sand, sandstone, sandyshale, shalysand and ale units. The high resistivities of the geoelectric layers sand thickness and dip showing high gradient in elevation differences are indications that the site is suitable for the dam construction. The geological result shows the presence of faults this is confirmed by change in strike and dip.
Notch signaling increases PPARγ protein stability and enhances lipid uptake through AKT in IL‐4‐stimulated THP‐1 and primary human macrophages
Authors: Sangphech Naunpun , Keawvilai Pornlapat , Palaga Tanapat
Published: April 2020

Notch signaling and nuclear receptor PPARγ are involved in macrophage polarization, but cross talk between them has not been reported in macrophages. In this study, the effect of Notch signaling on PPARγ in IL‐4‐stimulated human macrophages (M(IL‐4)) was investigated using THP‐1‐derived macrophages and human monocyte‐derived macrophages as models. Human M(IL‐4) increased the expression of JAGGED1 and activated Notch signaling. Overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NIC1) increased PPARγ expression, while inhibiting Notch signaling decreased PPARγ levels in M(IL‐4). NIC1 overexpression in THP‐1‐derived macrophages increased PPARγ protein stability by delaying its proteasome‐mediated degradation, but did not affect its mRNA. Phosphorylation of AKT was enhanced in NIC1‐overexpressing cells, and a specific AKT inhibitor reduced the level of PPARγ. NIC1‐overexpressing THP‐1 cells exhibited increased CD36 levels via activation of PPARγ, resulting in enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation. In summary, this study provides evidence linking Notch signaling and PPARγ via AKT in M(IL‐4).
Advances in Activity‐Based Sensing Probes for Isoform‐Selective Imaging of Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Gardner Sarah H. , Reinhardt Christopher J. , Chan Jefferson
Published: April 2020

Until recently, there were no generalizable methods for assessing the effects of post‐translational regulation on enzymatic activity. Activity‐based sensing (ABS) has emerged as a powerful approach for monitoring small‐molecule and enzyme activities within living systems. Initial examples of ABS were applied for measuring general enzymatic activity; however, a recent focus has been placed on increasing the selectivity to monitor a single enzyme or isoform. The highest degree of selectivity is required for differentiating between isoforms, where the targets display significant structural similarities as a result of a gene duplication or alternative splicing. This Minireview highlights key examples of small‐molecule isoform‐selective probes with a focus on the relevance of isoform differentiation, design strategies to achieve selectivity, and applications in basic biology or in the clinic.
Active Ingredients and Anti‐Arthritic Mechanisms of Ba‐Wei‐Long‐Zuan Granule Revealed by1H‐NMR‐Based Metabolomics Combined with Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Fan Gang , Li Qi , Li Hai‐Jiao , Zhang Yun‐Sen , Xu Xin‐Mei , Fang Gang , Ge Yi‐Man , Du Lei‐Lei
Published: April 2020

Ba‐Wei‐Long‐Zuan granule (BWLZ) is a traditional herbal preparation. It has been widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action are still unclear. The present study aims to reveal the active compounds and anti‐arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ against collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) by using1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics, molecular docking and network pharmacology methods. After 30 days of administration, BWLZ could effectively improve the metabolic disorders in CIA rats. The anti‐arthritic effect of BWLZ was related to its restoration of 16 disturbed serum metabolites. Molecular docking and network analysis showed that 20 compounds present in BWLZ could act on multiple targets. Among them, coclaurine and hesperidin showed the highest hit rates for target proteins related to both metabolic regulation and RA, indicating that these two compounds might be potential active ingredients of BWLZ. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the anti‐arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ might be attributed to its network regulation of several biological processes, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, mTOR signaling pathway, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. These results provide further evidence for the anti‐arthritic properties of BWLZ and are beneficial for its quality control and clinical application. The potential targets and biological processes found in this study may provide valuable information for further studying the molecular mechanisms of BWLZ against RA. In addition, our work provides new insights for revealing the active ingredients and regulatory mechanisms of complex herbal preparations.
Effects of Amino Group Substitution on the Photophysical Properties and Stability of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent P‐Rhodamines
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Taki Masayasu , Kajiwara Keiji , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: April 2020

A series of phosphine oxide‐bridged rhodamines (P‐rhodamines) bearing various acyclic and cyclic amine moieties, including dimethyl‐ and diethylamine, azetidine, pyrrolidine and 7‐azabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane (7ABH), have been synthesized. The photophysical properties as well as chemical and photostability of these dyes have been studied in detail. Among these dyes, the 7ABH‐substituted dye shows stronger fluorescence in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, relative to the other P‐rhodamines. This dye could be applied to live‐cell imaging, wherein lysosomes were selectively stained in a pH‐independent manner. It was also found that the ring fusion of the amine moieties gives rise to remarkably redshifted spectra, with absorption and emission maxima at 770 and 820 nm, respectively, spectrally close to that of indocyanine green (ICG). Importantly, the ring‐fused P‐rhodamines showed much higher photostability than ICG, indicative of their promising utility as the NIR‐emissive dyes.
P‐Glycoprotein Inhibition Exacerbates Paclitaxel Neurotoxicity in Neurons and Patients With Cancer
Authors: Stage Tore B. , Mortensen Christina , Khalaf Sehbar , Steffensen Vivien , Hammer Helen S. , Xiong Chenling , Nielsen Flemming , Poetz Oliver , Svenningsen Åsa Fex , Rodriguez‐Antona Cristina , Kroetz Deanna L.
Published: April 2020

Paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common and dose‐limiting adverse event. The role of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in the neuronal efflux of paclitaxel was assessed using a translational approach. SH‐SY5Y cells were differentiated to neurons and paclitaxel toxicity in the absence and presence of a P‐gp inhibitor was determined. Paclitaxel caused marked dose‐dependent toxicity in SH‐SY5Y‐derived neurons. Paclitaxel neurotoxicity was exacerbated with concomitant P‐gp inhibition by valspodar and verapamil, consistent with increased intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel. Patients with cancer treated with paclitaxel and P‐gp inhibitors had a 2.4‐fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.3) increased risk of peripheral neuropathy‐induced dose modification while a 4.7‐fold (95% CI 1.9–11.9) increased risk for patients treated with strong P‐gp inhibitors was observed, and a 7.0‐fold (95% CI 2.3–21.5) increased risk in patients treated with atorvastatin. Atorvastatin also increased neurotoxicity by paclitaxel in SH‐SY5Y‐derived neurons. Clinicians should be aware that comedication with P‐gp inhibitors may lead to increased risk of PIPN.
Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID‐19 cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , Pellegrini Carlo , Maurelli Marco , Belliato Mirko , Sciutti Fabio , Bottazzi Andrea , Sepe Paola Alessandra , Resasco Tullia , Camporotondo Rita , Bruno Raffaele , Baldanti Fausto , Paolucci Stefania , Pelenghi Stefano , Iotti Giorgio Antonio , Mojoli Francesco , Arbustini Eloisa
Published: April 2020

We describe the first case of acute cardiac injury directly linked to myocardial localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a 69‐year‐old patient with flu‐like symptoms rapidly degenerating into respiratory distress, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with venous‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation. Cardiac function fully recovered in 5 days and ECMO was removed. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated low‐grade myocardial inflammation and viral particles in the myocardium suggesting either a viraemic phase or, alternatively, infected macrophage migration from the lung.
Detection of Soft‐Deodorized Olive Oil and Refined Vegetable Oils in Virgin Olive Oil Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Traditional Analytical Parameters
Authors: Gertz Christian , Matthäus Bertrand , Willenberg Ina
Published: April 2020

The European Parliament identifies virgin olive oil (VOO) as one of the foods which are often subject to fraudulent activities. Possibilities of adulteration are the application of illegal soft deodorization of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or the commercialization of blends of EVOO with soft‐deodorized EVOO or refined vegetable oils. Despite the search for possibilities to prove the illegal soft deodorization of EVOO or the addition of cheaper vegetable oils to EVOO, suitable methods are still missing. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop a new analytical and statistical approach addressing detection of mild deodorization or addition of refined foreign oils. For this purpose, VOOs are treated in lab‐scale for 1 h up to 28 days at different temperatures (20, 50, 60, 80,100, 110, and 170 °C) in order to simulate and study the effect of heat treatment on known analytical parameters by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). A logit regression model enabling the calculation of the probability for a heat treatment is developed. This new methodology allows detecting both soft deodorized olive oils and blends of EVOO with cheaper full refined vegetable oils. Adding only 10% of full refined oil could be detected in extra VOO.

Practical Applications: NIR methods combined with chemometrics have become one of the most attractive analytical tools to control quality of food. It is a simple, precise, and rapid method. All relevant analytical parameters of oxidative and thermal fat degradation can be determined in a single run and be used to detect adulterated virgin olive oils (VOOs). The use of a simple equation developed from the logistic regression using peroxide value, K‐values, p‐anisidine value, pyropheophytine, 1,2‐diacylglycerols, total polar compounds and monomeric oxidized triacylglycerols, and other well‐known parameters allows to detect mild deodorized olive oils or also blends of VOO with soft‐deodorized ones or the addition of low amounts of foreign vegetable oils. This technique has potential to be used as a screening method for the detection of adulterated olive oils using both the traditional laboratory methods and the corresponding NIR‐methods.
Pesticide Mixtures Cause Short-Term, Reversible Effects on the Function of Autotrophic Periphyton Assemblages
Authors: Bighiu Maria Alexandra , Gottschalk Steffi , Arrhenius Åsa , Goedkoop Willem
Published: April 2020

In a laboratory experiment we investigated the effects of pesticide mixtures on the structure and function of freshwater biofilms, with focus on their photoautotrophic component. We identified 6 herbicides and 1 fungicide commonly found in Swedish streams at relatively high concentrations and created 3 ternary mixtures that were tested in concentration series ranging from observed environmental concentrations to up to 100 times higher. Biofilms were exposed to these pesticide mixtures for 8 d and then allowed to recover for another 12 d. Our results show a rapid and consistent inhibition of photosynthesis after just 24-h exposure to the highest test concentration of pesticides, as well as in some treatments with lower concentrations (i.e., 10 times the environmental level), on exposure. Interestingly, the observed effects were reversible because biofilm photosynthesis recovered rapidly and completely in clean media in all but one treatment. In contrast to the functional response, no effects were observed on the algal assemblage structure, as assessed by diagnostic pigments. We conclude that the pesticide mixtures induce a rapid but reversible inhibition of photosynthesis, without short-term effects on biofilm structure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1367–1374. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Thyroid cancer histological subtypes based on tumor size: National perspective
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Foggia Megan J. , Pagedar Nitin , Lee Grace S. , Tufano Ralph , Kandil Emad
Published: April 2020

Background

Thyroid tumor size is an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study is to examine the histological subtypes and management of thyroid cancer based on tumor size (≤4 cm vs >4 cm).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004‐2014.

Results

A total of 152 387 patients were included, 13 614 (8.9%) of whom had a tumor size >4 cm. Histological subtypes of tumors >4 cm were: 69.6% papillary thyroid carcinoma, 17.5% FTC, 7.9% HCC, and 2.8% medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). High‐volume hospitals for thyroid surgery were less likely to perform two‐stage thyroidectomy, particularly for tumors ≤4 cm. Low‐volume hospitals had a higher risk of staged thyroidectomy for MTC ≤4 cm (19.8%) compared with high‐volume hospitals (8.7%) (P < .001).

Conclusions

This study describes the prevalence of thyroid cancer subtypes. In the era of a conservative approach to differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there could be a potential increase in the risk of staged thyroidectomy.
Hippocampal‐striatal functional connectivity supports processing of temporal expectations from associative memory
Authors: van de Ven Vincent , Lee Chanju , Lifanov Julia , Kochs Sarah , Jansma Henk , De Weerd Peter
Published: April 2020

The hippocampus and dorsal striatum are both associated with temporal processing, but they are thought to play distinct roles. The hippocampus has been reported to contribute to storing temporal structure of events in memory, whereas the striatum contributes to temporal motor preparation and reward anticipation. Here, we asked whether the striatum cooperates with the hippocampus in processing the temporal context of memorized visual associations. In our task, participants were trained to implicitly form temporal expectations for one of two possible time intervals associated to specific cue‐target associations, and subsequently were scanned using ultra‐high‐field 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, learned temporal expectations could be violated when the pairs were presented at either the associated or not‐associated time intervals. When temporal expectations were met during testing trials, activity in left and right hippocampal subfields and right putamen decreased, compared to when temporal expectations were not met. Further, psycho‐physiological interactions showed that functional connectivity between left hippocampal subfields and caudate decreased when temporal expectations were not met. Our results indicate that the hippocampus and striatum cooperate to process implicit temporal expectation from mnemonic associations. Our findings provide further support for a hippocampal‐striatal network in temporal associative processing.
Quantification of sediment source contributions in two paired catchments of the Brazilian Pampa using conventional and alternative fingerprinting approaches
Authors: Valente Mirian Lago , Reichert José Miguel , Legout Cédric , Tiecher Tales , Cavalcante Rosane Barbosa Lopes , Evrard Olivier
Published: April 2020

The knowledge of the contribution of sediment sources to river networks is a prerequisite to understand the impact of land use change on sediment yield. We calculated the relative contributions of sediment sources in two paired catchments, one with commercial eucalyptus plantations (0.83 km2) and the other with grassland used for livestock farming (1.10 km2), located in the Brazilian Pampa biome, using different combinations of conventional [geochemical (G), radionuclide (R) and stable isotopes and organic matter properties (S)] and alternative tracer properties [spectrocolorimetric visible‐based‐colour parameters (V)]. Potential sediment sources evaluated were stream channel, natural grassland and oat pasture fields in the grassland catchment, and stream channel, unpaved roads and eucalyptus plantation in the eucalyptus catchment. The results show that the best combination of tracers to discriminate the potential sources was using GSRV tracers in the grassland catchment, and using GSRV, GSV and GS tracers in the eucalyptus catchment. In all these cases, samples were 100% correctly classified in their respective groups. Considering the best tracers results (GSRV) in both catchments, the sediment source contributions estimated in the catchment with eucalyptus plantations was 63, 30 and 7% for stream channel, eucalyptus stands and unpaved roads, respectively. In the grassland catchment, the source contributions to sediment were 84, 14 and 2% for natural grassland, stream channel and oats pasture fields, respectively. The combination of these source apportionment results with the annual sediment loads monitored during a 3‐year period demonstrates that commercial eucalyptus plantations supplied approximately 10 times less sediment (0.1 ton ha−1 year−1) than the traditional land uses in this region, that is, 1.0 ton ha−1 year−1 from grassland and 0.3 ton ha−1 year−1 from oats pasture fields. These results demonstrate the potential of combining conventional and alternative approaches to trace sediment sources originating from different land uses in this region. Furthermore, they show that well‐managed forest plantations may be less sensitive to erosion than grassland used for intensive livestock farming, which should be taken into account to promote the sustainable use of land in this region of South America.
ROS accumulation contributes to abamectin‐induced apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM3 Leydig cells
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Zhou Jing , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhonglou , Zhu Qiqi
Published: April 2020

Abamectin (ABA) as one of the worldwide used compounds in agriculture has raised safety concerns on nontarget organism toxicity. However, the study of male reproductive system damage caused by ABA remains unclear. Our aim is to investigate the effect of ABA‐induced cytotoxicity in TM3 Leydig cells and their underlying mechanisms. ABA inhibits TM3 cell viability and proliferation via cell cycle arrested in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, ABA‐induced mitochondrial depolarization leads to an imbalance in Bcl‐2 family expression, causing caspase‐dependent apoptosis in TM3 cells. The increased ratio of cells expression LC3 protein and LC3‐II to LC3‐I indicated the activation of autophagy potentially. Further experiments revealed ABA treatment reduced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. Pretreatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the ABA‐mediated effects on cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with a PI3K/AKT agonist, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, reversed the effects of ABA. ABA caused the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increased intensity of the ROS indicator. However, N‐acetylcysteine as ROS scavengers inhibited ABA‐induced apoptosis and autophagy and reversed these ABA‐mediated effects on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. On the basis of the above results, it is suggested that ABA exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy in TM3 cells by ROS accumulation to mediate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway suppression.
Compound heterozygous variants of the FBXO7 gene resulting in infantile‐onset Parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome in siblings of a Chinese family
Authors: Jin Xiaohua , An Lisha , Hao Shengju , Liu Qian , Zhang Qinhua , Wang Xing , Feng Xuan , Zhang Chuan , Cao Xiaofang , Yan Yousheng , Ma Xu
Published: April 2020

Background

Mutations in the FBXO7 gene can cause a rare chromosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, Parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome (PPS). Patients with this syndrome mainly show early‐onset Parkinson's syndrome. Here, we present a Chinese family with infantile‐onset PPS caused by FBXO7 mutations.

Methods

The clinical phenotypes and medical records of the proband and his family members were collected. The proband, his sibling, and his parents underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES) by next‐generation sequencing.

Results

The proband and his sibling had a typical PPS phenotype with onset during infancy. WES identified compound heterozygous variants in the FBXO7 gene, including a nonsense mutation, p. Trp134*, and a splicing mutation, IVS5‐1G > A, which were shared by both siblings and inherited from each of the parents. These variants have not been reported in literatures or databases. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, the p. Trp134* and IVS5‐1G > A mutations were classified as pathogenic variants.

Conclusions

We report a case of siblings in a Chinese family with infantile‐onset PPS caused by FBXO7 gene mutations determined by WES. These findings will contribute to the in‐depth study of the pathogenesis of PPS among patients with FBXO7 gene mutations.
Evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles
Authors: Pu Tao , Ding Chen , Li Yadong , Liu Xiaojuan , Li Haiwei , Duan Jinmei , Zhang Heng , Bi Yanwei , Cun Wei
Published: April 2020

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [BSL‐2]), a lentiviral‐based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2. This study indicated that SARS‐CoV‐2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL‐2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines.
Arid–humid variations in the summer climate and their influence mechanism in Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China during 1960–2010: A case study in the Alashan Plateau
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Wei Minghua , Zhou Jinyan , Tian Xiaolei
Published: April 2020

In the Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China, the impact factors for variations in the aridity and humidity of the summer climate are complex and unclear. In this study, we selected the Alashan Plateau, located in the mid‐latitude arid zone and the Asian monsoon margin of Northwest China, as the study area. Changes in the aridity indexK(a proxy for the arid–humid variations in the summer climate of the Alashan Plateau) were calculated for the period 1960–2010 using meteorological data. Relationships among the aridity indexK, changes in the intensity of atmospheric circulations, and local precipitation and evaporation in summer are discussed. The results indicated that the arid–humid variations in the summer climate in different regions of Alashan Plateau exhibit significant spatial differences. The summer climate became more humid during 1960–1968 and 1988–1995 and arid in 1996–2010 with different trends, but exhibited asynchronous changes during other periods. Hence, the arid–humid variations in the summer climate exhibited significant spatial differences in the Alashan Plateau. These variations were mainly affected by East Asian summer monsoon in the eastern Alashan Plateau, local precipitation and evaporation in the central and northwestern Alashan Plateau, and atmospheric circulations and evaporation in the southwestern Alashan Plateau. The increase in the monsoon precipitation is not the only factor that affected arid–humid variations in the summer climate over the entire Alashan Plateau, therefore, other non‐circulation factors, such as local precipitation and evaporation, should also be considered. The study provides new evidence on how to understand the mechanisms driving global and regional climate change.
Holocene variability in climate and oceanic conditions in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa—inferred from a high resolution diatom record from Verlorenvlei
Authors: Kirsten Kelly L. , Kasper Thomas , Cawthra Hayley C. , Strobel Paul , Quick Lynne J. , Meadows Michael E. , Haberzettl Torsten
Published: April 2020

We present a diatom record from a well‐dated 15.25 m composite sedimentary core from Verlorenvlei, a shallow coastal lake on the west coast of South Africa. We show that fluctuations in the diatom record occur in response to changes in sea level, ocean–atmosphere interactions and latitudinal shifts in the wind belts. During the early to mid‐Holocene, the system primarily responds to sea level changes. A marine community that favours high nutrients is evident, particularly during 9200–8000, 7420–7000 and 6200–5600 cal a bp, corroborating periods of Benguela upwelling linked to fluctuations in the southeast trade winds. Increases in bioproductivity (%TOC, C/N) and fresher‐water diatoms are associated with wetter conditions over the region and the northward migration of the southern westerly wind belt, most notably between 8000 and 7500 cal a bp and over the last 700 years. The latter trends are concomitant with changes in the extent of Antarctic sea ice and availability of moisture in southern South America. During the late Holocene, as sea levels stabilised to modern levels, climate variability is more strongly evident. The body of evidence further reveals the sensitivity of the region to high‐latitude atmospheric mechanisms, but also showcases the significance of the southeast trade winds.
“statcheck”: Automatically detect statistical reporting inconsistencies to increase reproducibility ofmeta‐analyses
Authors: Nuijten Michèle B. , Polanin Joshua R.
Published: April 2020

We present the R package and web appstatcheckto automatically detect statistical reporting inconsistencies in primary studies and meta‐analyses. Previous research has shown a high prevalence of reportedp‐values that are inconsistent ‐ meaning a re‐calculatedp‐value, based on the reported test statistic and degrees of freedom, does not match the author‐reportedp‐value. Such inconsistencies affect the reproducibility and evidential value of published findings. The toolstatcheckcan help researchers to identify statistical inconsistencies so that they may correct them. In this paper, we provide an overview of the prevalence and consequences of statistical reporting inconsistencies. We also discuss the toolstatcheckin more detail and give an example of how it can be used in a meta‐analysis. We end with some recommendations concerning the use ofstatcheckin meta‐analyses and make a case for better reporting standards of statistical results.
Cystic Lateral Lymph Node Metastases From Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Jin Kyong , Kim Min Jhi , Choi Sun Hyung , Choi Soon Min , Choi Hye Ryeon , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang‐Wook , Lee Jandee , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Chung Woong Youn
Published: April 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tends to metastasize rather early to local lymph nodes (LNs). Incidences of cystic LN metastases is relatively rare compared with that of solid LN metastases. Few studies have attempted to assess the characteristics in these patients. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes between patients with cystic LN metastases and those with solid LN metastases.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1,028 patients with N1b PTC who underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection and modified radical neck dissection between January 2005 and September 2011. Of these, 136 (13.2%) had cystic LN metastases and 892 (86.8%) had solid LN metastases. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between these two patient groups.

Results

The proportion of patients with thyroid tumor multifocality was relatively higher in the cystic node cohort (19.9% vs. 12.7%, P = .048). The number of total metastatic LNs and positive lateral LNs was slightly higher in the cystic node cohort (11.3 ± 8.9 vs. 9.7 ± 7.5, P = .029 and 6.9 ± 6.3 vs. 5.5 ± 4.6, P = .018, respectively). The proportion of patients with recurrence was higher in the cystic node cohort (14.0% vs. 3.0%, P < .001). Multivariate analysis indicated that cystic nodes were a significant risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio: 5.265, 95% confidence interval: 2.898‐9.563).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that cystic lateral LN metastases are associated with aggressive tumor behavior in PTC patients. and that their presence is a significant independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 2020
Sinonasal pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19: A systematic review of the current evidence
Authors: Gengler Isabelle , Wang James C. , Speth Marlene M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: April 2020

Objective

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (2019 coronavirus disease [COVID‐19]), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, is highly contagious with high morbidity and mortality. The role of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities is increasingly recognized for COVID‐19 symptomatology and transmission. We therefore conducted a systematic review, synthesizing existing scientific evidence about sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID‐19.

Study Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Systematic searches were performed of all indexed studies in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases through 28 March 2020 and studies searchable on preprints.com (including ArXiv and Scilit repositories) through 30 March 2020. Data extraction focused on sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID‐19.

Results

A total of 19 studies were identified. The sinonasal cavity may be a major site of infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, where susceptibility genes required for infection are expressed at high levels and may be modulated by environmental and host factors. Viral shedding appears to be highest from the nose, therefore reflecting a major source for transmission. This has been highlighted by multiple reports of health care‐associated infection (HAI) during rhinologic procedures, which are now consequently considered to be high risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to health care workers. While sinonasal symptomatology, such as rhinorrhea or congestion, appears to be a rarer symptom of COVID‐19, anosmia without nasal obstruction is reported as highly specific predictor of COVID‐19+ patients.

Conclusion

Sinonasal pathophysiology is increasingly important in our understanding of COVID‐19. The sinonasal tract may be an important site of infection while sinonasal viral shedding may be an important transmission mechanism—including HAI. Anosmia without nasal obstruction may be a highly specific indicator of COVID‐19.

Level of Evidence

2a.
Nodular Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma Treated With Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Delivered Through a Tilted Angle: Outcome and 12‐Month Follow Up
Authors: Nasca Maria Rita , Luppino Ivano , Spurio Catena Alessio , Micali Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives

Classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative disorder with a long and indolent course typically affecting the lower extremities of elderly men. Multiple nodules with a rapid growth may sometimes develop, causing pain, bleeding, and discomfort on walking. In such cases, immediate intervention using different methods, including laser therapy, is advisable. We report our experience in classic KS patients with the use of neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser delivered through a tilted angle.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A total of 81 KS nodules (0.5–3 cm size) located in the feet or lower limbs of nine patients (mean age: 78.8 years; age range: 64–86 years) were selected for treatment with Nd:YAG laser (5–7 mm spot, 140–200 J/cm2 fluence, 5 ms triple pulse with 10 ms delay). The laser beam was delivered at the periphery of each nodule using a tilted angle of 30° to 60° according to lesion size in order to better target the feeding vessels located in the inner and basal depth of the lesion and minimize tissue damage. The treatment outcome was evaluated by clinical photograph, videodermatoscopy, and ultrasound scanning performed before and after treatment, and at each monthly follow‐up visit.

Results

All treated patients showed full recovery, with negligible scarring, no residual hyperpigmentation, and complete regression of pain. Treatment discomfort was minimal and use of topical anesthetics was not needed. No recurrences were observed at 12‐month follow up.

Conclusions

Long‐pulse Nd:YAG laser delivered using a tilted angle is a fast, easy, effective, comfortable, and safe treatment option available to promptly shrink bulky, painful, or bleeding nodules with minimal discomfort and gives excellent functional and cosmetic results. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
USF1‐induced overexpression of long noncoding RNA WDFY3‐AS2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via targeting miR‐491‐5p/ZNF703 axis
Authors: Ren Ping , Hong Xiaodong , Chang Liang , Xing Lei , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2020

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common diagnosed pathological categories of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been manifested to be key regulators in modulating multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the pathologic role of lncRNA WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD remains elusive. The relative messenger RNA and protein levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. Colony formation, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were performed to study the underlying role of WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to probe into the interactions between relevant genes. WDFY3‐AS2 expression was elevated in LUAD and WDFY3‐AS2 transcription was activated by transcription factor USF1. Silencing WDFY3‐AS2 could suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas accelerate cell apoptosis in LUAD. Molecular mechanism assays revealed that WDFY3‐AS2 could bind to miR‐491‐5p and miR‐491‐5p inhibition could reverse the inhibitory effect of WDFY3‐AS2 silence on LUAD progression. Besides, zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) was identified as a downstream target of miR‐491‐5p and its expression could be upregulated by WDFY3‐AS2. Further, rescue assays uncovered that ZNF703 overexpression could restore the suppressive influence of silenced WDFY3‐AS2 on LUAD development. USF1‐acitvated WDFY3‐AS2 promotes LUAD progression via targeting miR‐491‐5p/ZNF703 axis, suggesting the potential value of WDFY3‐AS2 as a novel target for LUAD treatment.