bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis prevalence and severity in inflammatory bowel disease: A case–control study
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Muwalla Mamdouh , Testa Giulia , Mazza Francesca , Bebars Ahmad , Perotto Stefano , Vernero Marta , Massano Alessandro , Romano Federica , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Aimetti Mario
Published: September 2022

Background

Recent evidence is supporting the notion of a microbiological and immunological continuum on the gum–gut axis in health and disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of periodontitis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A total of 180 IBD (117 CD, 60 UC, 3 IBD‐unclassified) and 180 healthy controls were compared for their periodontitis diagnosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology [CDC/AAP] case definition) and full‐mouth periodontal parameters. In addition, explorative logistic regression models were performed.

Results

Significantly more patients with IBD had moderate/severe periodontitis (85.6% vs. 65.6%, p < 0.001) and severe periodontitis (36.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001) than controls. Differences were higher in the 35–50 and 51–65 age groups, without significant changes between CD and UC. IBD subjects presented chances ∼3.5 higher of having moderate/severe periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant variables associated with periodontitis in the whole sample were older age, presence of IBD, and higher full‐mouth plaque scores, whereas in the IBD group they were male sex, IBD‐associated surgery, and IBD duration and localization (pancolitis). Positive risk indicators for IBD were periodontitis severity and higher bleeding scores, while smoking was negatively associated with UC.

Conclusions

Relevant associations between IBD and periodontitis were found, being modified by CD and UC clinical characteristics. Preventive and therapeutic strategies involving the gum–gut axis should be enforced in IBD patients.
Impact of etiology leading to abdominoperineal resection with anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Meuli Joachim N. , Hubner Martin , Martineau Jérôme , Oranges Carlo M. , Guillier David , Raffoul Wassim , di Summa Pietro G.
Published: September 2022

Background

Large and deep perineal defects following abdominal perineal resection (APR) are a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Even if generally performed for oncological reasons, APR can be indicated as well in extended infection‐related debridement for Hidradenitis suppurativa, Fournier's gangrene, or Crohn's disease. We aimed to compare the outcomes of two groups of patients with different indications for APR (infectious vs. oncological) after pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap coverage

Results

Forty‐four consecutive pedicled ALT flap used for coverage after APR in 40 patients were analyzed. 26 patients (65%) underwent APR for oncological reasons and 14 patients (35%) for infectious reasons. The overall postoperative complications rate was significantly higher for infectious cases (76.5% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.0304). Major complications occurred in 52.9% of infectious cases versus 11.1% of oncological cases (p = 0.0045). Obesity and infectious etiology were independent risk factors for overall and major complications, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing APR for acute or chronic infections had significantly more overall and major complications than patients having oncological APR. Modified care might be considered, especially in obese patients, in terms of surgical debridement, antibiotic treatment modalities, and postoperative management.
Outcomes of elective cancer surgery in COVID‐19 survivors: An observational study
Authors: Ranganathan Priya , Salunke Bindiya , Wajekar Anjana , Siddique Aafreen , Daruwalla Kaizeen , Chawathey Shreyas , Niyogi Devayani , Nayak Prakash , Divatia Jigeeshu
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Guidelines recommend deferral of elective surgery after COVID‐19. Delays in cancer surgeries may affect outcomes. We examined perioperative outcomes of elective cancer surgery in COVID‐19 survivors. The primary objective was 30‐day all‐cause postoperative mortality. The secondary objectives were 30‐day morbidity, and its association with COVID‐19 severity, and duration between COVID‐19 and surgery.

Methods

We collected data on age, gender, comorbidities, COVID‐19 severity, preoperative investigations, surgery performed, and intra and postoperative outcomes in COVID‐19 survivors who underwent elective cancer surgery at a tertiary‐referral cancer center.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐eight COVID‐19 survivors presented for elective cancer surgery. Of these, 332/348 (95%) patients had mild COVID‐19 and 311 (89%) patients underwent surgery. Among patients with repeat investigations, computerized tomography scan of the thorax showed the maximum new abnormalities (30/157, 19%). The 30‐day all‐cause mortality was 0.03% (1/311) and 30‐day morbidity was 17% (54/311). On multivariable analysis, moderate versus mild COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95; 95% confidence interval  [CI]: 0.52–7.30; p = 0.32) and surgery within 7 weeks of COVID‐19 (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.33–1.11; p = 0.10) were not associated with postoperative morbidity.

Conclusions

In patients who recover from mild to moderate COVID‐19, elective cancer surgery can proceed safely even within 7 weeks. Additional preoperative tests may not be indicated in these patients.
Quantification of Vocal Fold Atrophy in Age‐Related and Parkinson's Disease‐Related Vocal Atrophy
Authors: Baertsch Hans C. , Bhatt Neel K. , Giliberto John P. , Dixon Connor , Merati Albert L. , Sauder Cara
Published: September 2022

Objective

Vocal fold atrophy (VFA) is associated with aging and Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical diagnosis of VFA depends on several visual‐perceptual laryngostroboscopy findings that are inherently subjective. The purpose of this study was to use quantitative measurements to; (1) examine the relationships between VFA and dysphonia severity and (2) evaluate differences in VFA in patients with age‐related VFA versus PD.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients >60 years of age with VFA were included in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic information, medical history, Consensus Auditory‐Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE‐V), Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10), and still images from the stroboscopic exam were obtained. Image J™ was used to measure VFA, including bowing index (BI), normalized glottal gap area, and normalized mucosal wave amplitude. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between VFA, CAPE‐V, and VHI‐10. t‐Tests and multivariate linear regression were used to compare VFA measures by dysphonia severity (CAPE‐V <30 vs. >30) and diagnosis (age‐related vocal atrophy [ARVA] and PD).

Results

BI was positively correlated with CAPE‐V. Patients with CAPE‐V >30 had a significantly larger BI compared to those with CAPE‐V <30. Patients with PD had significantly larger BI than those with ARVA. Diagnosis of PD also predicted a larger BI after controlling for age and CAPE‐V.

Conclusion

Quantitative measures supported an association between bowing severity and dysphonia severity in patients with PD and ARVA. A PD diagnosis significantly predicted more severe BI. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of BI. Quantitative VFA measures might also provide insight into the mechanisms of ARVA and dysphonia.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1462–1469, 2023
Composite Multicellular Spheroids Containing Fibers with Pores and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Coating on the Surface for Enhanced Proliferation of Stem Cells
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Choi Soomi , Byun Hayeon , Lee Jinkyu , Kwon Hyunseok , Shin Heungsoo
Published: September 2022

Multicellular spheroids are formed by strong cell–cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions and are widely utilized in tissue engineering for therapeutic treatments or ex vivo tissue modeling. However, diffusion of oxygen into the spheroid gradually decreases, forming a necrotic core. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers with pores and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) coating on their surface to provide a structural framework within the spheroids and investigated their ability to mitigate diffusional limitation and control over the proliferation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) is engineered. The DNA content of composite spheroids prepared from fibers and hADSCs decreased in unadjusted cells (1224 ± 134 ng), in those with fibers with a smooth surface (SF) (1447 ± 331 ng), and in those EGCG‐coated with SF (E‐SF) (1437 ± 289 ng). Cells with fibers with pores on the surface (PF) (2020 ± 32 ng) and those with EGCG‐coated PF (E‐PF) (1911 ± 80 ng) increased after 7 days of culture, with a significantly greater number of proliferating cells (29 ± 8% and 30 ± 8%, respectively). These results indicate that physical modification through the formation of pores on the fiber surface alleviates diffusion limitation of composite spheroids, playing a dominant role over chemical modification.
Recent advances in dopamine D2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Juza Radomir , Musilek Kamil , Mezeiova Eva , Soukup Ondrej , Korabecny Jan
Published: September 2022

Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1–5Rs), which belong to the G protein‐coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4‐(2,3‐dichlorophenyl), 4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐, 4‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐4‐yl)‐1‐substituted piperazine, and 4‐(6‐fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol‐3‐yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2R affinity with 4‐butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010–2021), and belong to the 1,4‐disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2R ligands and D2R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
Visual Noise‐Canceling HMD: Toward Reduced Reality
Authors: Sakata Nobuchika
Published: September 2022

Unique methods aim to suppress unnecessary visual information and focus on desired objects.
The piperazine pyrophosphate intumescent flame retardant of polypropylene composites prepared by selective laser sintering
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Wu Wei , Hu Huanbo , Rui Zhengguo , Zhang Xiyun , Li Jianshuo
Published: September 2022

A highly flame‐retardant PP composite powder suitable for selective laser sintering (SLS) was prepared successfully by mechanical blending, which was composed of pure PP, piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and triazine‐based charring‐foaming agent (CFA). The results showed that the flowability of PP composite powder decreased by about 40% and the DSC data indicated the sintering window decreased by about 2°C. Although the flame retardants influenced the processing of SLS, the PP composite powder was still able to be used for printing. The LOI value of PP composites prepared by SLS was 29.2% and the UL‐94 grade was V‐0 rating at the filler loading (16wt% PPAP, 4wt% MPP, 4wt% CFA). The cone calorimeter testing (CCT) data represented that the heat and smoke release significantly decreased. The synergistic effect among flame retardants promoted high‐quality char layers, which is favorable for improving the flame retardancy and thermal stability of PP composites by the test of TGA, SEM, Raman spectra, and FT‐IR. However, the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PP composites made by SLS were both in varying degrees of decline compared to the ones made by thermo‐compression (TC) because of the higher porosity. An air duct with complex structures was prepared by SLS at last.
Spray deposition of sustainable plant based graphene in thermosetting carbon fiber laminates for mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties
Authors: Mulqueen Daniel W. , Sattar Siavash , Le Thienan , Kravchenko Oleksandr G.
Published: September 2022

Graphene has generated substantial interest as a filler due to its exceptional strength, flexibility, and conductivity but faces obstacles in supply and implementation. A renewable, plant‐based graphene nanoparticle (pGNP) presents a more accessible filler with the same properties as mineral graphenes. In this study, we examine the effects of pGNP, which was sprayed on a carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg at loadings from 1.1 to 4.2 g/m2. The study considered the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of pGNP‐composite. An even particle dispersion was achieved using a spray application of pGNP in a water/alcohol suspension with the addition of surfactants and dispersion aides. Results show that pGNP addition increases flexural modulus 15%, flexural strength 17%, interlaminar shear strength 17%, and mode I fracture toughness by 146%, as well as increases electrical conductivity 294% and thermal conductivity 24%, with these improvements observed at 1.1–2.3 g/m2 spray loadings.
Physically active undergraduates perform better on executive‐related oculomotor control: Evidence from the antisaccade task and pupillometry
Authors: Zhou Junyi , Zhuang Wenjie
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have shown that exercise can improve executive function in young and older adults. However, it remains controversial whether a sufficient amount of physical activity leads to higher‐level executive function. To examine the effect of physical activity on executive function, we used eye‐tracking technology and the antisaccade task in 41 young undergraduates with various levels of physical activity. Moreover, we also investigated their differences in cognitive ability by examining their pupil size during the antisaccade task. Eye‐tracking results showed that physically active individuals showed shorter saccade latency and higher accuracy in the antisaccade task than their physically inactive counterparts. Furthermore, the former showed larger pupil size during the preparatory period of antisaccade. These findings suggest that individuals with higher‐level physical activity have higher‐level executive function. The larger pupil sizes of physically active individuals may imply that their locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine system and executive‐related prefrontal cortex are more active, which contributes to their higher‐level cognitive ability.
Factors involved in the decision to decline prenatal screening with noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
Authors: van Prooyen Schuurman Lisanne , van der Meij Karuna , van Ravesteyn Nicolien , Crombag Neeltje , Gitsels‐van der Wal Janneke , Kooij Caroline , Martin Linda , Peters Ingrid , Polak Marike , van Vliet‐Lachotzki Elsbeth , Galjaard Robert‐Jan , Henneman Lidewij ,   Dutch NIPT Consortium
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate factors involved in the decision to decline prenatal screening with noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

Method

A questionnaire study was conducted among 219 pregnant women in the Netherlands who had declined prenatal screening with NIPT (TRIDENT‐2 study). Respondents were selectively recruited from three hospitals and 19 midwifery practices, primarily located in or near socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. 44.3% of the respondents were of non‐Western ethnic origin and 64.4% were religious.

Results

Most respondents (77.2%) found the decision to decline NIPT easy to make, and 59.8% had already made the decision before information about NIPT was offered. These respondents were more often religious, multigravida, and had adequate health literacy. The main reasons to decline NIPT were “I would never terminate my pregnancy” (57.1%) and “every child is welcome” (56.2%). For 16.9% of respondents, the out‐of‐pocket costs (175 euros) played a role in the decision, and the women in this group were more often nonreligious, primigravida, and had inadequate health literacy.

Conclusion

The primary factors involved in the decision to decline NIPT were related to personal values and beliefs, consistent with autonomous choice. Out‐of‐pocket costs of NIPT hinder equal access for some pregnant women.
Thermomechanical design rules for photovoltaic modules
Authors: Beinert Andreas J. , Romer Pascal , Heinrich Martin , Aktaa Jarir , Neuhaus Holger
Published: September 2022

We present a set of thermomechanical design rules to support and accelerate future (PV) module developments. The design rules are derived from a comprehensive parameter sensitivity study of different PV module layers and material properties by finite element method simulations. We develop a three dimensional finite element method (FEM) model, which models the PV module geometry in detail from busbar and ribbons up to the frame including the adhesive. The FEM simulation covers soldering, lamination, and mechanical load at various temperatures. The FEM model is validated by mechanical load tests on three 60‐cell PV modules. Here, for the first time, stress within a solar cell is measured directly using stress sensors integrated in solar cells (SenSoCells®). The results show good accordance with the simulations. The parameter sensitivity study reveals that there are two critical interactions within a PV module: (1) between ribbon and solar cell and (2) between front/back cover and interconnected solar cells. Here, the encapsulant plays a crucial role in how the single layers interact with each other. Therefore, its mechanical properties are essential, and four design rules are derived regarding the encapsulant. Also four design rules concern front and back sides, and three address the solar cells. Finally, two design rules each deal with module size and frame, respectively. Altogether we derive a set of 15 thermomechanical design rules. As a rule of thumb of how well a bill of material will work from a thermomechanical point of view, we introduce the concept of specific thermal expansion stiffness
as the product of Young's modulus
, coefficient of thermal expansion
, joint area
, and materials height
. The difference between two materials is a measure of how much thermal strain one material can induce in another. A strong difference means that the material with the larger value will induce thermal strain in the other.
Dynamics of gut microflora across the life cycle ofSpodoptera frugiperdaand its effects on the feeding and growth of larvae
Authors: Lü Dongbiao , Dong Yanlu , Yan Zizheng , Liu Xueying , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Daibin , He Kanglai , Wang Zhenying , Wang Ping , Yuan Xiangqun , Li Yiping
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Spodoptera frugiperdais an important invasive agricultural pest that causes huge economic losses worldwide. Gut microorganisms play a vital role in host feeding, digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and insecticide resistance. Illumina high‐throughput sequencing was used to study the gut microbial community dynamics across the life cycle (egg, 1st to 6th instar larvae, pupae, and male and female adults) ofS. frugiperdafed on maize leaves. Furthermore, the gut microbial community and food intake of the 5th instarS. frugiperdalarvae were studied after feeding them antibiotics.

RESULTS

Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae dominated the gut during growth and feeding of the larvae. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in the 4th and 6th instar larvae. With the increase in larval feeding, the relative abundance of Enterococcaceae gradually increased. In addition, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant effect size analysis confirmed differences in the structure of gut microbiota at different developmental stages. After antibiotic treatment, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota decreased. The relative abundance ofEnterococcusandKlebsielladecreased significantly. Antibiotic treatment inhibited the gut flora ofS. frugiperda, which decreased larval food intake and body weight gain, and prolonged the larval stage.

CONCLUSION

The composition of the gut bacterial community plays an important role in the growth, development, and feeding ofS. frugiperda. The results have a certain theoretical value for the development of bio‐pesticides targeting intestinal flora. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production via the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane over Nanostructured Pd‐Cu Nanoparticles Supported on PDA‐coated Graphene
Authors: Tian Jinjun , Yang Yonghuan , Lyu Lyuyang , Xue Yan , Wu Keliang , Shi Zhenghai
Published: September 2022

Palladium (Pd), copper (Cu) bimetallic alloy nanoparticles immobilized onto a PDA‐coated graphene support (Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO) hybrid was synthesized through co‐reduction of K2PdCl4 and Cu(NO3)2. The Pd to Cu ratio was rationally controlled to obtain the optimum Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO catalyst. The as‐prepared catalyst demonstrated good catalytic activity for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of ammonia borane, high turnover frequency (TOF) of 37.41 mol H2 per mol Pd−1 min−1 at 298 K and a low activation energy (Ea) of 47.97 kJ mol−1 were accomplished, these metrics were superior to that of Pd−Cu/RGO nanocatalysts. The comparative results indicate that the PDA‐coated graphene (PDA/RGO) support is pivotal for the catalytic activity of Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO for hydrolysis of ammonia borane. The PDA modified onto GO surface effectively disperse the alloy particles, therefore ensure more catalytic active sites responsible for ammonia borane hydrolysis. The tight anchoring of alloy nanoparticles also enabled excellent cyclic stability, 67.7 % of its initial catalytic activity could be maintained after ten cycles. The current work demonstrates the potential of Pd−Cu/PDA/RGO in active and durable ammonia borane hydrolysis for hydrogen production.
Novel Spirooxindole Derivatives as Potential Non‐Detergent Type Spermicides
Authors: Kumar Shrabanti , Acharya Chiranjit , Abhinav Nipun , Jaisankar Parasuraman
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study is to explore the spermicidal potential of the synthetic spirooxindole derivatives and to examine the pathway behind the spermicidal action of the compounds. The in vitro spermicidal activities of the compounds were examined against human sperm by the modified Sander‐Cramer test. The pathway behind the spermicidal action of lead compounds was assessed by (a) hypo‐osmotic swelling test, (b) double fluoroprobe staining, (c) flowcytometric detection of apoptosis by FITC‐AnnexinV labelling, and (d) JC1 labelling. The haemolytic assay for topical toxicity of the compounds was carried out using rabbit erythrocytes. Two spirooxindole derivatives 4 a and 4 c were found to be most effective against human spermatozoa with MEC values of 500 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL lying in the range of standard spermicide Nonoxynol‐9 or N‐9 (MEC 550 μg/mL). The studies on the mechanism of action of the compounds unveiled that the compounds mediated sperm death were due to cellular apoptosis rather than general cell necrosis. The haemolysis assay assured the safeness of the lead molecules for topical usage. Thus, these spirooxindole derivatives may further be explored as new leads for the development of a non‐detergent type of topically applicable contraceptive formulation.
Metamorphic relation automation: Rationale, challenges, and solution directions
Authors: Altamimi Emran , Elkawakjy Abdullah , Catal Cagatay
Published: September 2022

Metamorphic testing addresses the issue of the oracle problem by comparing results transformation from multiple test executions. The relationship that governs the output transformation is called metamorphic relation. Metamorphic relations require expert knowledge and the generation of them is considered a time‐consuming task. Researchers have proposed various techniques to automate metamorphic testing, generation, and selection. Although there are several research articles on this issue, there is a lack of overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of metamorphic relation automation. As such, we performed a systematic literature review study to collect, extract, and synthesize the required data. Based on our research questions, the literature was categorized and summarized into different categories. We found that the automation of metamorphic relation is most effective in mathematical and scientific applications. We concluded that some approaches involve analysis of different forms of software‐related information such as control flow graph and program dependence graph as well as an initial set of metamorphic relations. On the other hand, other methods involve analysis of executions of the software functions with random and specific inputs. The results show that this field is still in its infancy with opportunities for novel work, especially in methods utilizing machine learning.
Thermodynamics of Nitrogen in Molten Fe–Cr–Mn–C–N Alloys
Authors: You Zhimin , Ran Mingze , Jiang Zhouhua , Paek Min-Kyu , Jung In-Ho
Published: September 2022

Thermodynamic behavior of N in the Fe–Cr–Mn–C–N liquid solution is modeled using the Modified Quasichemical Model with consideration of the short‐range ordering. A set of new model parameters for the Fe–Cr–Mn–C–N liquid solution are determined based on a critical evaluation of the available experimental data. The solubility of N in the entire composition range of all binary, ternary, and multicomponent molten alloys within the Fe–Cr–Mn–C–N system is well optimized for various temperatures and N2 pressures. Besides, thermodynamic properties of N in Fe‐based liquid solution affected by the alloying elements are calculated from the developed thermodynamic database. As an application of the database, the N solubility in different steel melts of various conditions is predicted for the process optimization.
Landscape of new drugs and targets in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vieujean Sophie , D’Amico Ferdinando , Netter Patrick , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent
Published: September 2022

Although the therapeutic armamentarium of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) physicians has expanded rapidly in recent years, a proportion of patients remain with a suboptimal response to medical treatment due to primary no response, loss of response or intolerance to currently available drugs. Our growing knowledges of IBD pathophysiology has led to the development of a multitude of new therapies over time, which may, 1 day, be able to address this unmet medical need. This review aims to provide physicians an update of emerging therapies in IBD by focusing on drugs currently in phase 3 clinical trials. Among the most promising molecules are anti‐IL‐23, JAK‐inhibitors, anti‐integrins and S1P modulators. While the results in terms of efficacy and safety are fairly clear for some classes, the question of safety remains more uncertain for other classes. Molecules at a more preliminary stage of development (phase 1 and 2), one of which may 1 day offer an optimal benefit‐risk ratio, will also be presented as well as their respective mechanisms of action.
Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation
Authors: Regan Michael A. , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the reader is introduced to the topic of driver distraction: its definition and mechanisms; its impact on driving performance and safety; approaches to preventing it; evidence-based injury prevention and mitigation countermeasures; and new frames of reference for conceptualizing distraction as traditional driving functions and tasks become increasingly automated. Some strategies that might be considered by societal stakeholders in setting a coordinated agenda for the management of distracted driving going into the future are also presented. Until all vehicles can safely drive themselves, in all conditions, all of the time, it is unlikely that, for driver distraction, Vision Zero will be achieved. In the meantime, however, there is much that can be done to slow its spread and mitigate it effects.
Ways to Circular and Transparent Value Chains
Authors: Mogos Maria Flavia , Fragapane Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to increase the knowledge about the implementation of circularity and other sustainability approaches in value chains. The objective is to develop roadmaps for the implementation of digital Circular manufacturing (CMA) and Social-life cycle (S-LCA) assessments in Textile and Clothing (TC) value chains. Implementing these digital assessments in TC value chains can increase their transparency, by validating that product manufacturing safeguards worker wellbeing and the environment. TC is one of the sectors with most critical social and environmental impacts. The roadmaps were developed through a Design Science methodology, combining: i) case studies to understand the practical problem, ii) literature study on CMA and S-LCA to develop the roadmaps, and iii) action research to iteratively apply the roadmaps to the cases and refine them with participants in an EU project, representing the entire TC value chain. The EU project is developing digital sustainability assessments with Blockchain functionality for increased data trustworthiness. This study aims to contribute to theory, practice, and public policies by providing a validated overview of the status, barriers, goals, and systematic activities for the implementation of CMA and S-LCA in TC value chains and for increased sustainability.
Freeze-In of radiative keV-scale neutrino dark matter from a new U(1)B-L
Authors: Berbig Maximilian
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We extend the Dirac Scotogenic model with the aim of realizing neutrino masses together with the mass of a keV-scale dark matter (DM) candidate via the same one-loop topology. Two of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos become massive Dirac fermions while the third one remains massless. Our particle content is motivated by an anomaly free U(1)B-L gauge symmetry with exotic irrational charges and we need to enforce an additional $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
5 symmetry. The dark matter candidate does not mix with the active neutrinos and does not have any decay modes to SM particles. DM is produced together with dark radiation in the form of right handed neutrinos via out of equilibrium annihilations of the SM fermions mediated by the heavy B-L gauge boson. In order to avoid DM over-production from Higgs decays and to comply with Lyman-α bounds we work in a low temperature reheating scenario with 4 MeV ≲ TRH ≲ 5 GeV. Our setup predicts a contribution to ∆Neff. that decreases for larger DM masses and is below the sensitivity of upcoming precision measurements such as CMB-S4. A future observation of a signal with ∆Neff. ≳ 0.012 would exclude our scenario. We further sketch how inflation, reheating and Affleck-Dine baryogenesis can also be potentially realized in this unified framework.
Order-by-order anisotropic transport coefficients of a magnetised fluid: a Chapman-Enskog approach
Authors: Gangopadhyaya Utsab , Roy Victor
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We derive the first and second-order expressions for the shear, the bulk viscosity, and the thermal conductivity of a relativistic hot boson gas in a magnetic field using the relativistic kinetic theory within the Chapman-Enskog method. The order-by-order off-equilibrium distribution function is obtained in terms of the associate Laguerre polynomial with magnetic field-dependent coefficients using the relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport equation. The order-by-order anisotropic transport coefficients are evaluated in powers of the dimensionless ratio of kinetic energy to the fluid temperature for finite magnetic fields. In a magnetic field, the shear viscosity (in all order) splits into five different coefficients. Four of them show a magnetic field dependence as seen in a previous study [1] using the relaxation time approximation for the collision kernel. On the other hand, bulk viscosity, which splits into three components (in all order), is independent of the magnetic field. The thermal conductivity shows a similar splitting but is field-dependent. The difference in the first and second-order results are prominent for the thermal conductivities than the shear viscosity; moreover, the difference in the two results is most evident at low temperatures. The first and second-order results seem to converge rapidly for high temperatures.
Black hole shadow with soft hairs
Authors: Lin Feng-Li , Patel Avani , Pu Hung-Yi
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Light bending by the strong gravity around the black hole will form the so-called black hole shadow, the shape of which can shed light on the structure of the near-horizon geometry to possibly reveal novel physics of strong gravity and black hole. In this work, we adopt both analytical and ray-tracing methods to study the black hole shadow in the presence of the infrared structure of gravity theory, which manifests the asymptotic symmetries of spacetime as the supertranslation soft hairs of the black hole. Though the black hole metrics with and without the soft hair are related by large gauge transformations, the near horizon geometries relevant for the shape of the shadow are quite different. Moreover, the Hamiltonian for the geodesic seems intrinsically different, i.e., the loss of separability due to the breaking of spherical symmetry by soft hair. By applying ray-tracing computations, we find that the soft hair, although not affecting the shape of the shadow, may change the average size and position of the shadow. Images resulting from soft hair black holes with surrounding accretion flows are also discussed.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Pregnancy
Authors: Wiącek Marcin , Oboz-Adaś Antonina , Kuźniar Katarzyna , Karaś Anna , Jasielski Patryk , Bartosik-Psujek Halina
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pregnancy increases the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among young women and is responsible for about 5% of maternal deaths and significant disability. Concerns of potential adverse events of imaging and reperfusion therapies in this group of patients can lead to a substantial delay or omission of treatment that can significantly worsen outcomes.

Objective

The objective of this study is to discuss main concerns of diagnosis and therapy of pregnant patients with AIS regarding neuroimaging and reperfusion treatment.

Results

The cumulative radiation dose of computed tomography (CT)-based entire diagnostic procedure (noncontrast CT, CT-angiography and CT-perfusion) is estimated to be below threshold for serious fetal radiation exposure adverse events. Similarly, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based imaging is thought to be safe as long as gadolinium contrast media are avoided. The added risk of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy during pregnancy is thought to be very low. Nevertheless, some additional safety measures should be utilized to reduce the risk of radiation, contrast media and hypotension exposure during diagnostic procedures or reperfusion treatment.

Conclusion

Fetal safety concerns should not preclude routine diagnostic work-up (except for gadolinium contrast media administration) in childbearing AIS women, including procedures applied in unknown onset and late onset individuals. Due to rather low added risk of serious treatment complications, pregnancy should not be a sole contraindication for neither IVT, nor endovascular treatment.
Unterschiede zwischen Rettungsdiensteinsätzen mit und ohne Patiententransport
Authors: Dax Florian , Trentzsch Heiko , Lazarovici Marc , Hegenberg Kathrin , Kneißl Katharina , Hoffmann Florian , Prückner Stephan
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund

Die Inanspruchnahme des Rettungsdienstes in Bayern steigt seit Jahren an. Wir haben die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass Notfalleinsätze ohne Patiententransport (RoT) häufig Ausdruck einer unzureichenden Alarmierungsplanung sind. Das Ziel der Studie war es, für solche Einsätze die Unterschiede zwischen den Integrierten Leitstellen (ILS) in Bezug auf die Merkmale Transportquoten und Spannweiten nach Einsatzgrund sowie Uhrzeiten und Wochentage zu beschreiben.

Methode

Retrospektive Querschnittstudie der Daten aller 26 ILS des Freistaats Bayern im Jahr 2018. Transportquoten für wesentliche Einsatzgründe bei Notfalleinsätzen ohne Notarztbeteiligung wurden in Abhängigkeit von Leitstellenbereich, Tageszeit und Wochentag vergleichend analysiert. Einsätze wurden kategorisiert als RoT oder TP (Rettungswageneinsatz mit Transport).

Ergebnisse

Von 510.145 Einsätzen waren 147.621 (28,9 %) RoT und 362.524 (71,1 %) TP. Für alle untersuchten Einsatzgründe zeigten sich deutliche regionale Unterschiede in der Transportquote. Die höchste Spannweite unter den ILS ergab sich für die Einsatzgründe „Brandmeldeanlage“ (16,8 Prozentpunkte), „Hausnotruf aktiver Alarm“ (16,1) sowie „Herz/Kreislauf“ (14,6). In den Morgenstunden sinkt das Einsatzaufkommen bei steigenden TP. Die wenigsten RoT fanden zwischen 8 und 10 Uhr statt. Die Analyse der Wochentage ergab kleine Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit von RoT an Montagen sowie an Wochenenden ohne planerische Relevanz.

Schlussfolgerung

Wir haben deutliche Unterschiede in den Spannweiten festgestellt. Dies könnte auf örtlich unterschiedliche Alarmierungsplanungsvorgaben oder Dispositionsentscheidungen der ILS hindeuten. Die Leitstellen weisen hier wahrscheinlich ein erhebliches Potenzial zur Steuerung und Verbesserung der Ressourcenallokation auf.
Autonomy versus support: self-reliance and help-seeking for mental health problems in young people
Authors: Ishikawa Amelia , Rickwood Debra , Bariola Emily , Bhullar Navjot
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Many young people with mental ill-health do not seek support, and developmental growth in self-reliance may be a barrier to help-seeking. Increasing autonomy is a positive developmental task for youth and a key aspect of resilience. This study examined the influence of perceived social support and resilience on the previously unexamined relationship between self-reliance and intentions to seek help from informal, professional, and self-help sources for mental health problems.

Methods

An online survey was completed by a representative Australian community sample of 5,203 young people aged 12–25 years (half female), in May–June 2020.

Results

Path analysis showed the hypothesised conceptual model did not fit the data well, but a modified model was a good fit. Higher self-reliance was associated with lower intentions to seek informal and professional help, as expected, but not with greater intentions for self-help. The relationship between self-reliance and informal help-seeking intentions was fully mediated by perceived social support, whereas the relationship between self-reliance and professional help-seeking was also direct. Perceived social support fully mediated the relationship between self-reliance and resilience. Intentions to use self-help were not influenced by variables in the study, but higher self-help intentions were associated with higher professional help-seeking intentions. Associations were consistent across age and gender groups.

Conclusion

The results show the critical role of social support for combating some of the unhelpful aspects of self-reliance for mental health help-seeking in young people. Future research should explore how self-reliance can hinder or be harnessed to facilitate accessing appropriate mental health.
Protein engineering for feedback resistance in 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase
Authors: Jayaraman Kumaresan , Trachtmann Natalia , Sprenger Georg A. , Gohlke Holger
Published: September 2022

The shikimate pathway delivers aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in prokaryotes, fungi, and plants and is highly utilized in the industrial synthesis of bioactive compounds. Carbon flow into this pathway is controlled by the initial enzyme 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS). AAAs produced further downstream, phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp), regulate DAHPS by feedback inhibition. Corynebacterium glutamicum, the industrial workhorse for amino acid production, has two isoenzymes of DAHPS, AroF (Tyr sensitive) and AroG (Phe and Tyr sensitive). Here, we introduce feedback resistance against Tyr in the class I DAHPS AroF (AroFcg). We pursued a consensus approach by drawing on structural modeling, sequence and structural comparisons, knowledge of feedback-resistant variants in E. coli homologs, and computed folding free energy changes. Two types of variants were predicted: Those where substitutions putatively either destabilize the inhibitor binding site or directly interfere with inhibitor binding. The recombinant variants were purified and assessed in enzyme activity assays in the presence or absence of Tyr. Of eight AroFcg variants, two yielded > 80% (E154N) and > 50% (P155L) residual activity at 5 mM Tyr and showed > 50% specific activity of the wt AroFcg in the absence of Tyr. Evaluation of two and four further variants at positions 154 and 155 yielded E154S, completely resistant to 5 mM Tyr, and P155I, which behaves similarly to P155L. Hence, feedback-resistant variants were found that are unlikely to evolve by point mutations from the parental gene and, thus, would be missed by classical strain engineering.

Key points

• We introduce feedback resistance against Tyr in the class I DAHPS AroF

• Variants at position 154 (155) yield > 80% (> 50%) residual activity at 5 mM Tyr

• The variants found are unlikely to evolve by point mutations from the parental gene
Efficacy and safety of a mobile app intervention in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Fedkov Dmytro , Berghofen Andrea , Weiss Christel , Peine Christine , Lang Felix , Knitza Johannes , Kuhn Sebastian , Krämer Bernhard K. , Leipe Jan
Published: September 2022

EULAR highlighted the essential role of digital health in increasing self-management and improving clinical outcomes in patients with arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the digital health application (DHA) in patients with inflammatory arthritis. We assessed demographic parameters, treatment regimen, disease activity, and other patient-reported outcomes at baseline and after 4 weeks of DHA use added to standard care treatment. Of 17 patients, who completed the study, 7 (41.2%) patients were male, ranging from 19 to 63 (40.5 ± 12.2) years. No significant change in antirheumatic treatment was observed during the study. Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were noted for health-related quality of life (increase in Physical Component Summary of Short Form-36 (SF-36) by 23.6%) and disease activity (decrease of Clinical Disease Activity Index and Simple Disease Activity Index by 38.4% and 39.9%, respectively). Clinically significant improvement was demonstrated for SF-36 Total Score (+ 14.4%), disease activity (Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index− 5 to 15.9%), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire− 9 to 13.5%). None of the efficacy parameters showed negative trends. No adverse events were reported throughout the study. The usability level was high i.e., the mean mHealth Application Usability Questionnaire Score of 5.96 (max.: 7.0) demonstrated a high level of application usability. This suggests that using a personalized disease management program based on DHA significantly improves several measures of patient-reported outcomes and disease activity in patients with inflammatory arthritis in a timely manner. These findings highlight the potential of complementary digital therapy in patients with inflammatory arthritis.
Evaluation of a Regional Ensemble Data Assimilation System for Typhoon Prediction
Authors: Lei Lili , Ge Yangjinxi , Tan Zhe-Min , Zhang Yi , Chu Kekuan , Qiu Xin , Qian Qifeng
Published: September 2022

An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) combined with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is cycled and evaluated for western North Pacific (WNP) typhoons of year 2016. Conventional in situ data, radiance observations, and tropical cyclone (TC) minimum sea level pressure (SLP) are assimilated every 6 h using an 80-member ensemble. For all TC categories, the 6-h ensemble priors from the WRF/EnKF system have an appropriate amount of variance for TC tracks but have insufficient variance for TC intensity. The 6-h ensemble priors from the WRF/EnKF system tend to overestimate the intensity for weak storms but underestimate the intensity for strong storms. The 5-d deterministic forecasts launched from the ensemble mean analyses of WRF/EnKF are compared to the NCEP and ECMWF operational control forecasts. Results show that the WRF/EnKF forecasts generally have larger track errors than the NCEP and ECMWF forecasts for all TC categories because the regional simulation cannot represent the large-scale environment better than the global simulation. The WRF/EnKF forecasts produce smaller intensity errors and biases than the NCEP and ECMWF forecasts for typhoons, but the opposite is true for tropical storms and severe tropical storms. The 5-d ensemble forecasts from the WRF/EnKF system for seven typhoon cases show appropriate variance for TC track and intensity with short forecast lead times but have insufficient spread with long forecast lead times. The WRF/EnKF system provides better ensemble forecasts and higher predictability for TC intensity than the NCEP and ECMWF ensemble forecasts.
Cross-regional homeostatic and reactive glial signatures in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Trobisch Tim , Zulji Amel , Stevens Nikolas A. , Schwarz Sophia , Wischnewski Sven , Öztürk Mikail , Perales-Patón Javier , Haeussler Maximilian , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Velmeshev Dmitry , Schirmer Lucas
Published: September 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal and progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the compartmentalized pathology of the disease affecting various anatomical regions including gray and white matter and lack of appropriate disease models impede understanding of the disease. Utilizing single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and multiplex spatial RNA mapping, we generated an integrated transcriptomic map comprising leukocortical, cerebellar and spinal cord areas in normal and MS tissues that captures regional subtype diversity of various cell types with an emphasis on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. While we found strong cross-regional diversity among glial subtypes in control tissue, regional signatures become more obscure in MS. This suggests that patterns of transcriptomic changes in MS are shared across regions and converge on specific pathways, especially those regulating cellular stress and immune activation. In addition, we found evidence that a subtype of white matter oligodendrocytes appearing across all three CNS regions adopt pro-remyelinating gene signatures in MS. In summary, our data suggest that cross-regional transcriptomic glial signatures overlap in MS, with different reactive glial cell types capable of either exacerbating or ameliorating pathology.