bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary Ethnography in Lyrical Text (Poetic Ethnographism by Larissa Andersen)
Authors:   Amur State University, Zabiyako Anna A. , Tsmykal Olga E. ,   Amur State University
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study determines the interest of modern literary criticism in various forms of artistic understanding of ethnographic realities by Russian writers in Manchuria in the first half of the 20th century (literary ethnography). The novelty of the research lies in the study of the lyrical experiments of literary ethnography. The research problem is to determine the specificity of the lyrical method of ethnographic reflection and the creation of an image of artistic perception. The research methodology is based on the structural and semantic analysis of prose texts by Larissa Andersen, addressed to ethnographic material. The authors explore the methods of creating her artistic images of perception of China, Korea, and Japan through the analysis of narrative strategies, the system of image-concepts, and archetypal images of a foreign culture. Research methods: historical-literary, structural-semantic, method of mythological reconstructions, comparative analysis of the translation with the original. The authors state that the literary ethnography of the Far East in various genre and stylistic forms is developing in the literature of the Far Eastern emigration. The most convincing experiences of artistic ethnography, scientific and artistic beginnings are balanced, presented in the narratives of scientific writers N. Baikov and P.Shkurkin, and later genre modifications of M. Shcherbakov, V. Mart, B. Yulsky, focused on research and book experience. Lyrical reflection of ethnographic material has its own specifics. The authors compared the experiences of creating ethnographic lyrics and prose by Larissa Andersen and came to the following conclusions: despite the lack of well-founded scientific knowledge, in her ethnographic essays, on the one hand, her individual ability to comprehend the essence of the observed phenomenon and capture the artistic image of the perception of another culture in capacious detail-concept (mythologeme, characteristic, ethno-stereotype, meta-image), on the other hand, there is an interest in Chinese literary sources and ethnographic texts of predecessors (S. Alymova and others). A characteristic technique for creating an artistic image of perception in essays is the form of personal “narration”， bringing the point of view of the perceiving consciousness of the author and the reader closer together. Keywords: literary ethnography, poetic ethnographism, image of perception, literature of the Far Eastern emigration, Russian Harbin
The Motif of Losing Oneself in The Novel Generation “P ” by Victor Pelevin
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Chengdong Zhang
Published: March 2021

In traditional Russian literature, the motif of losing oneself regularly serves as the motivation for spiritual transformation and search for salvation of the character, promoting the plot of a literary text and creating new types of characters. However, it is not difficult to notice the transformation in the utilization and implementation of this motif in the plot composition of postmodern texts based on the principle of uncertainty and randomness, which is opposed to the teleology of the classical narrative. The relevance of the topic is due to the insufficiency of research on such changes, especially in the postmodern works by Viktor Pelevin. Though there have been several observations on Pelevin’s textual structure, the role of motifs in organizing and constructing the plot remains outside the scope of researchers’ attention. This article aims to reveal the role and specifics of the motif “the loss of oneself” as a plot-forming component in the novel Generation “P” by V. O. Pelevin. Based on the contemporary motif theory, it particularly pays attention to the context of allomotifs and events associated with the motifeme of losing oneself, following A. Dundes, who understands the motifeme as the basic unit in the paradigmatics of the narrative, and allomotifs as its syntagmatic variants. Through analyzing various variations of allomotifs “the loss of oneself” (losing the feeling of eternity, symbolic death, metamorphosis, manipulation, etc.), the paper attempts to reveal constructive components of the narrative structure in this novel, which determined its artistic semantics. Arguing the tragic essence of the individual value orientation on consumerism in the context of the eschatological media mythology, it also finds out that Pelevin constructs the plot as Tatarsky’s rising up the career ladder, accompanied by the loss of personality, the replacement of Homo sapiens by Homo Zappiens. To achieve this purpose, he widely uses different schemes that implement the emic motifeme through various variations of allomotifs. That’s why, the success of the protagonist in the ending does not mean the spiritual salvation, but the totality of submission to the God of money and immersion in the void, where the way out of the new social and mental impasse is impossible not only for the protagonist but also for the novelist himself. Keywords: Victor Pelevin, Generation “P”， motifeme of losing oneself, set of allomotifs, mythopoetics
The Noble Nest by I. S. Turgenev: Poetics of Costume
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Kozubovskaya Galina P.
Published: March 2021

The costume which has recently become the focus of many scientific disciplines has hardly attracted literary critics: the methodology of its research in fiction is just beginning to take shape. The historical and cultural approach, which essentially boils down to a commentary has been replaced by a very productive structural and semiotic approach that deciphers the semantics and functions of the costume. The methodology of our research is of a complex nature, combining the structural-semiotic, mythopoetic, and motivic aspects of the analysis of literary texts. The narratological aspect in the study of costume poetics is emphasized, which, as a rule, remains outside the scope of research.The narratological aspect is aimed at identifying “flickering” meanings in the structure of the whole – “prose as poetry” (V. Schmid).The dynamics of costume descriptions, their functionality in the structure of the whole and the specifics in the organization of the narrative (taking into account the “point of view”, the motive given by costume details and based on semantic nodes that connect polar meanings, etc.) are at the center of our research.Thanks to costume inclusions, the text of the novel The Noble Nest becomes multidimensional. Thus, the characterological detail of Panshin – a screw-shaped Golden ring is situational and at the same time conceptual: it connects the “beginnings” and “ends” of his story, symbolically programming fate. Laconic sketches of Lavretsky’s clothing, scattered throughout the text, formalizing the opposition of one’s own/ another’s, prepare a motif of loneliness and homelessness. In layered narrative created by the play of the author’s and character’s points of view, Lavretsky’s point of view “migrates” to the author’s one replacing it (“poetic” sign of the optics of the hero) and then separates from it. The content of the method of crushing, which replaced the silhouette image, is an expression of the confusion of the soul, deforming the female image. The details in Lavretsky’s “split” point of view are ambiguous: on the one hand, there is alienation, on the other hand, there is a subconscious attraction to the beloved woman in the primary, unreflexed sense of a person losing happiness. The novel’s flickering meaning is created by semantic nodes that match polarities. “White” is the symbolic color of the national, rooted in the soil (the white caps of Marfa Timofeevna and Nastasya Karpovna), and at the same time the ghostly, impossible realization of happiness (the rhyming white dress of Lisa and the white dress on the portrait of Lavretsky’s mother). “Black” is also ambivalent: the elegant black silk dress of Varvara Pavlovna and the unnamed color of Lisa’s monastic clothes in the Epilogue. The scarf that Marfa Timofeevna knits is a mythologeme that encodes the story of love and failed happiness and at the same time the semantic core of the poetics of incompleteness. Keywords: costume, costume poetics, mythologeme, narrative, semantics, point of view
The Power of the Stone” in P. Bazhov’s Tales
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yubing Yang
Published: March 2021

The article discusses "the power of stone” in the tales by P. P. Bazhov on the example of iconic stones of the Ural lytic culture: malachite, emerald, chrysolite. Using the method of cultural-historical, ideological-figurative and symbolic-contextual analysis, the author examines the history of the discovery of the stone riches of the Urals, the place of lytic discourse in the world of Bazhov’s tales, as well as the specific symbolism of gemstones (malachite, copper emerald, chrysolite) in the writer’s fantastic work. This is the relevance of the study. The author of the work proves the ambivalent nature of malachite as the main stone of the Ural mountains, symbolizing the beauty of the Mistress-Malachite, copper emerald, embodying the absolute power of the “stone force”， embodying the secret wealth of the mountains, inaccessible to ordinary mortals, like the secret of the stone flower. The third stone that embodies the lytic power of the Ural Mountains is the Bazhov chrysolite. The article consistently examines the evolution of Bazhov’s “iconic” stones in the writer’s artistic world during the transition from fairy tales depicting the pre-revolutionary life of the Urals to fairy tales depicting the realities of the revolutionary and Soviet Urals. It can be said that by depicting the evolution of the “stone power” of the main Ural gems, Bazhov prepared the ground for depicting the lytic discourse of the tales of the new Urals. In these tales, along with real stones, such as the eagle stone from the tale Eagle feather or “sun stone” - plagioclase from the same tale, mystical and semi - mystical stones will be used: “at all simple, on five faces” stone key of the earth (the fairy tale Key of the Earth, “patient stone” (the fairy tale Distant little body). The article will be of interest to all humanitarians working with the symbolism of stones in Russian literature of the XIX-XX centuries. Keywords: P. P. Bazhov, tales, “power of stone”，malachite, emerald, chrysolite
Symbolic Macroconcept of the Universe in the Aspect of the First Cognitive Sign in Russian Linguoculture
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Languages, Pimenova Marina V. , Bakirova Aigul A. ,   Institute of Foreign Languages
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the cognitive signs of the macroconcept universe in Russian linguoculture. The relevance of the research is determined by the prospect of studying a new type of mental structures - symbolic macroconcepts. The purpose of the article is to describe the specifics of the macroconcept universe structure formation from the standpoint of the definition of syncretic primordial signs. The main methods in the work are the historical and etymological analysis of the studied macroconcept representative, descriptive and interpretive methods. During the study, seven motivating signs of the macroconcept universe were noted: 'earth', 'live', ‘world’，‘inhabit’，‘inhabited’，‘settlement’，‘light’. All identified motivating signs are syncretic symbolic primordial signs 'house' (conceptum, according to V. V. Kolesov). Motivating signs express two main symbolic meanings of Russian linguoculture: home is a place where people live, settle; home is the world of people and all living beings, this world-light (unlike that world-light where the souls of the dead go: that world-light is located in the sky), it is built on earth. The macroconcept universe is objectified by erased metaphors of a closed space (in particular, the metaphor of a key), which has an internal volume, center-middle, limits, parts, edges, corners, people live in this house, they live and exist in it, it is inhabited and settle down in Russian linguoculture. The model of the universe in the Russian language picture of the world is three-parted: the middle part in it represents the human world, in which the principle of anthropocentrism is manifested - a person measures space and chooses himself as a reference point. The syncretic primary sign ‘house’ unites in itself all the motivating signs of the studied macroconcept, keeping their relevance to our days. Keywords: macroconcept, motivating signs, first sign, language picture of the world, linguoculture, comparative studies
Efficient and flexible approach to simulate low-dimensional quantum lattice models with large local Hilbert spaces
Authors: Köhler Thomas , Stolpp Jan , Paeckel Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Quantum lattice models with large local Hilbert spaces emerge across
various fields in quantum many-body physics. Problems such as the
interplay between fermions and phonons, the BCS-BEC crossover of
interacting bosons, or decoherence in quantum simulators have been
extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally. In recent
years, tensor network methods have become one of the most successful
tools to treat such lattice systems numerically. Nevertheless, systems
with large local Hilbert spaces remain challenging. Here, we introduce
a mapping that allows to construct artificial
U(1)U(1)
symmetries for any type of lattice model. Exploiting the generated
symmetries, numerical expenses that are related to the local degrees of
freedom decrease significantly. This allows for an efficient treatment
of systems with large local dimensions. Further exploring this
mapping, we reveal an intimate connection between the Schmidt values of
the corresponding matrixproductstate representation and the singlesite
reduced density matrix. Our findings motivate an intuitive physical
picture of the truncations occurring in typical algorithms and we give
bounds on the numerical complexity in comparison to standard methods
that do not exploit such artificial symmetries. We demonstrate this
new mapping, provide an implementation recipe for an existing code, and
perform example calculations for the Holstein model at half filling.
We studied systems with a very large number of lattice sites up to
L=501L=501
while accounting for
N_{\rm ph}=63
phonons per site with high precision in the CDW phase.
A scanning quantum cryogenic atom microscope at 6 K
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Yang Fan , Freudenstein Brandon A. , Lev Benjamin
Published: March 2021

The Scanning Quantum Cryogenic Atom Microscope (SQCRAMscope) is a quantum sensor in which a quasi-1D quantum gas images electromagnetic fields emitted from a nearby sample. We report improvements to the microscope. Cryogen usage is reduced by replacing the liquid cryostat with a closed-cycle system and modified cold finger, and cryogenic cooling is enhanced by adding a radiation shield. The minimum accessible sample temperature is reduced from 35~K to 5.7~K while maintaining low sample vibrations. A new sample mount is easier to exchange, and quantum gas preparation is streamlined.
TÜRK ANAYASACILIĞININ DÜNÜ VE BUGÜNÜ
Authors: KESKİNSOY Ömer , KAYA Semih
Published: March 2021

Anayasacılık hareketleri, iktidarın sınırlandırılması ve hak ve özgürlüklerin güvenceye bağlanması amacıyla başlamıştır. Anayasacılığın özü denge ve denetimdir. Bu yönüyle anayasacılık beraberinde hukuk devleti, kuvvetler ayrılığı ve çoğulcu demokrasi gibi değerler dizisi getirir. Değerler dizisi demokratik hukuk devleti etrafında somutlaşmaktadır. Demokratik hukuk devleti, ideal olana varma sürecinde elde edilen çok değerli ve somut bir kazanımdır. Bununla birlikte yeryüzünde uygulanabilecek iyi bir yönetimin somut görünüm biçimi olarak demokratik hukuk devletinin çok değişkenli bir denklem niteliğinde olduğu söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla demokratik hukuk devleti basit ve tekil bir yapıya sahip değildir. Anayasacılık ve buna bağlı değerler dizisi demokratik hukuk devletini oldukça sofistike bir hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel hedefi şudur: Türk anayasacılığı geriye mi gitmektedir? Ağır aksak işleyen bir demokrasiye ve hukuk devletine mesafeli siyasal ve hukuksal tavırlar Türk anayasacılığını bir adım ileri iki adım geri bir pozisyona düşürücü olabilir mi? Bu sorular bağlamında, son yıllarda yapılan bazı düzenlemeler dikkate alındığında yürütme erki etrafında iktidarın tekil ve tekelleşmesine yönelik bir sürecin işletiliyor olması Türk anayasacılığını adeta başa sarmıştır.
The impact of firm characteristics on the voluntary disclosure – evidence on the top 50 listed firms of Forbes Vietnam
Authors: Quoc Thinh Tran
Published: March 2021

Disclosure plays an important role for information users. Voluntary disclosure is more meaningful for stakeholders in order to make appropriate decisions. The article researches the impact of firm characteristics on the voluntary disclosure of the top 50 listed firms in Forbes Vietnam (50 listed firms) from 2015 to 2019. It uses the ordinary least squares of time-series data to test the regression model. The signaling and agency theory is used to explain the relationship between firm characteristics on voluntary disclosure. The research results show three variables of firm characteristics that positively impact the voluntary disclosure of 50 listed firms, including firm size, growth rate of market share value to book value, and audit type, in which audit type has the strongest influence. Accordingly, the state agencies of Vietnam should encourage 50 listed firms to improve the Vietnamese listed firms’ voluntary disclosure and meet international economic integration.
AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Ngoc Thach Nguyen (Phd), Assoc. Prof. Hoang Anh Ly (Phd) and Assoc. Prof. Thi Loan Nguyen (PhD), as well as some experts of the State Securities Commission of Vietnam and some leaders of 50 listed firms for their advice and support the project.
Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar: Dil Gelişimi ve Sözel Çalışma Belleği
Authors: HASSAMANCIOĞLU Uğur , DOĞAN Özcan
Published: March 2021

Giriş: Sözel çalışma belleğinin yapısı ve işleyişi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, gelişimsel dil bozukluğuna sahip çocukların yaşadıkları dil güçlüklerinin sözel çalışma belleği sorunlarının bir yansıması olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelini kullanarak gelişimsel dil bozukluğuna sahip çocukların dil gelişimleri ile sözel çalışma belleği performansları arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bireysel dil ve konuşma bozuklukları terapisinden yararlanan, anadili Türkçe, 60-93 ay arasında olan ve kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarınca yapılan eğitsel değerlendirme sonucunda yalnızca dil gelişiminin desteklenmesine karar verilen 45 çocuk araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Veriler Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişim Testi (TEDİL) ve Çalışma Belleği Ölçeği (ÇBÖ) kullanılarak toplanmış, sözel çalışma belleği alt boyutları ile alıcı, ifade edici ve sözel dil gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiler bu çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuçlara göre sözel çalışma belleği alt boyutlarının tamamı ile çocukların dil becerileri arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Sözel kısa süreli bellek ile alıcı dil becerileri arasındaki ilişki düzeyi ifade edici dil becerilerine nazaran daha yüksektir. Ayrıca çocukların dil gelişimleri ile sözel çalışma belleği performanslarının terapiden yararlanma sürelerine bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tartışma: Belirli bir engele bağlı olmaksızın dil gelişiminde güçlük yaşayan çocukların, sözel çalışma belleğinin alt boyutlarında farklı performanslar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu çocukların değerlendirme sürecine dil becerileriyle birlikte bilişsel süreçlerin de dahil edilerek bütüncül ve ayrıntılı bir değerlendirme yapılması gerektiği ileri sürülebilir.
The consequences of fiscal load increase for entrepreneurship: Difference-in-differences approach
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Zazdravnykh Evguenii
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the effect of a twofold rise in fixed payments on sole-proprietors and entrepreneurial activity in 2013 and a twofold decline in these payments in 2014. The paper considers consequences of this decision for various facets of entrepreneurship: the presence of small and medium enterprises in an economy, the new business entries, and employment in small and medium enterprises. To find a solution to this problem, we use a difference-indifferences method of policy evaluation. Results of this analysis show that because of a sharp rise in fixed payments, the number of sole-proprietors increased and there was a dramatic fall in the number of new businesses. In addition, employment in small and medium firms also decreased by this decision to raise payments. The decrease in fixed payment in 2014 could not compensate for the negative effects of the previous year among small businesses. Despite various measures to support entrepreneurship, new business entries continued to decline, although the speed of this decline decreased after 2013. Thus, the decrease in fixed payments became an incentive to compensate only some decrease over 2013. The results show that entrepreneurs have a very rapid response to fiscal load increase and have a slow response to decreases in taxation.
The applicability of public-private partnership contracts for infrastructure projects as a function of their specificity
Authors:   Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Patrakeeva Olga , Patrakeev Alexey ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: March 2021

The Crimean bridge, as Russia’s largest infrastructure project, can be considered a marginal case of the relative effectiveness of public financing without the involvement of private partners. According to the formalization employed, the implementation of this project through market coordination leads to additional costs due to the rising level of specificity. The increase in these costs is not linear and is more intensive than growth in the level of specificity. Introduction of an NPV-efficiency assessment tool into the analysis allows us to prove a limiting reduction of this interval for considering the risk profile of the project under сonsideration. Reserves required due to the risk of rising budget expenditures due to the project’s scale actually does not exist according to these reasons: increases in the discount rate is more intensive than the rise of negative expectations; the rise of additional equity premiums is more intensive than the rise of the risk-free rate itself. Thus, the Crimean bridge project should be considered a marginal case of the relative effectiveness of direct state funding comparing PPP scheme.
Inequality of opportunities: Interpretation, methods and problems of estimation
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Ibragimova Zulfiya , Frants Marina ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: March 2021

The topic of this research is the theory of equal opportunities and its application to the relationship between inequality and economic development. The relevance of the work is due, first, to the fact that inequality grows throughout the world, creating conditions for the growth of social tension; second, to the lack of general consensus on the direction of the relationship between inequality and economic growth; and third, to contradictory results of empirical studies on this issue. The main hypothesis of the study is that these theoretical and empirical contradictions can be resolved by dividing inequality into two components —inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort — and studying their impact on economic growth separately. The idea of distinguishing between inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort is a core part of the theory of equal opportunities. The paper briefly reviews the roots, development, and current state of the theory. Methods for measuring inequality of opportunities have been developed and tested on microdata from many countries, including Russia. Also, at the theoretical level, mechanisms of the negative impact of inequality of opportunities and the positive impact of inequality of efforts on economic growth have been identified. At the same time, there are very few empirical studies dealing with the relationship between inequality of opportunity, inequality of effort, and economic growth. In practical terms, studies of the inequality of opportunity are important because they shift the goals and priorities of public policy from equalizing outcomes to equalizing opportunities. This makes it possible to move towards a more just and rapidly developing society.
Impact of the oil and gas industry on the economy of producing countries
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Filimonova Irina ,   Novosibirsk State University, Eder Leonty ,   Novosibirsk State University, Provornaya Irina ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS;Novosibirsk State University, Cherepanova Daria ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses in detail the resource dependency of economies in countries with a high level of hydrocarbon production and income from the export of raw materials; the consequences associated with “resource dependence”; and reasons for their occurrence, as well as possible ways to overcome them. The authors establish the fact that in recent years there has been a “negative” multiplicative effect from the development of Russia’s oil and gas complex. Therefore, the goal is to identify factors of “resource dependence” that contribute to economic growth, to generalize the results of the study at the global level for key oil-exporting countries, and to draw conclusions for the Russian economy. As a methodological basis for the study, a panel data analysis method was chosen, which allows for taking into account the influence of both the dynamics and structure of changes in resource dependence factors in a regional context. The informational basis of the study was made by countries exporting hydrocarbon raw materials and classified by macro-regions, level of economic development, and degree of development of democracy. According to the analysis of panel data, the influence of resource dependence factors is not always of high importance on the economy of oil-exporting countries. The economic growth of many countries is more dependent on factors of sustainable growth that are consistent with the goals of sustainable development. The study allows us to conclude that it is advisable for countries that are currently in a condition of resource dependence to revise their development policies in the direction of differentiating the economy, primarily using the advantages of resource rent for the development of processing and manufacturing industries, as well as for the development of green energy. The results of the study can provide an analytical basis for discussions on the effective development of the oil and gas complex of Russia and the world, taking into account modern challenges and threats to sustainable development.
Systems analysis–complex interactions of factors that influence the sustainability of access to improved water services in a rural municipality in South Africa
Authors: Sambo Calvin , Senzanje Aidan , Mutanga Onisimo
Published: March 2021

Limited understanding of the complex interactions of factors that influence the sustainability of access to improved water services poses a threat to rural livelihoods. The study assessed the complex interactions of the factors using a network approach. The assessment was to understand the complex interaction of the factors resulting from their cause-effect relationship that influence the sustainability of access to improved water services in a rural municipality of South Africa. The results highlighted that limited budget, limited or no water supply and improper operation and maintenance were critical factors resulting from the cause-effect relationship of other factors that influenced the sustainability of access to improved water services in the study area. We conclude that critical factors with a cause-effect relationship can influence the sustainability of access to improved water services. As a result, this deprives rural communities of the benefits derived from accessing improved water services. We recommend the use of the findings by the relevant authorities responsible for water services provision to inform planning, management policies to address challenges identified to contribute to sustainability of access to improved water services.
Stan badań nad reformacją na Mazowszu – zarys problematyki i postulatów badawczych
Authors: Paduch Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie stanu badań nad reformacją na Mazowszu po 1945 roku do czasów współczesnych na różnych płaszczyznach. Wśród historyków badających proces przenikania religii protestanckich na Mazowszu można wyróżnić kilka problemów badawczych. Pierwszy z nich to działania diecezji płockiej i kapituły katedralnej wobec rozwijającej się na Mazowszu reformacji oraz inicjatywy podejmowane przez biskupów płockich zarówno w okresie reformacji, jak i w okresie kontrreformacji. Kolejny problem badawczy to rozwój wyznań protestanckich na konkretnych ziemiach Mazowsza.
Cystersi na zachodnich krańcach archidiecezji poznańskiej w 1829 r. Zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Prejs Roland
Published: March 2021

Artykuł przedstawia krótkie biografie cystersów, którzy kanonicznie należeli do opactw w Bledziewie, Obrze, Paradyżu i Przemęcie, a na początku XIX wieku pracowali jako proboszczowie w parafiach położonych w zachodniej części archidiecezji poznańskiej. W ankiecie przesłanej w 1828 r. do konsystorza archidiecezjalnego przedstawili przebieg swojego życia i kapłaństwa oraz wskazali stopień znajomości języka polskiego i niemieckiego. Znajomość obu tych języków była powszechna wśród cystersów, niezależnie od tego, który język uważali za ojczysty.
Ermländische und pomesanische Klöster der Elisabethschwestern bis 1945
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech
Published: March 2021

Zgromadzenie Sióstr św. Elżbiety powstało w połowie XIX w. na Śląsku. Od II połowy XIX w. utworzono wiele placówek elżbietańskich również na terenie ówczesnych Prus Wschodnich i Zachodnich, w tym na terenie historycznej Warmii i Pomezanii. Siostry zakonne trudniły się głównie ambulatoryjną opieką nad chorymi, ale podejmowały też działalnośc charytatywną, opiekuńczą, edukacyjną i wychowawczą. Ich praca szczególnie na placówkach wiejskich wspierała a niejednokrotnie zastępowała ówczesne państwowe szpitalnictwo. Większość pomezańskich i warmińskich klasztorów sióstr św. Elżbiety po zakończeniu II wojny światowej przestało istnieć.
Surowość czy miłosierdzie? Postawa Cypriana z Kartaginy wobec problemów osób duchownych na podstawie jego korespondencji
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: March 2021

Problemy duchowieństwa, poruszane w listach św. Cypriana, biskupa Kartaginy (+ 258) dotyczyły: angażowania się w sprawy materialne, łamania ślubu czystości, nadużyć przy sprawowaniu eucharystii, braku posłuszeństwa przełożonym, niewystarczającej troski o biednych. W większości spraw podejmował on decyzje łączące postawy surowości i miłosierdzia. Dawał szansę nawrócenia przez pokutę, a dopiero gdy to nie przynosiło skutku, posuwał się do kary wyłączenia z Kościoła. Był jednak bezlitosnym rygorystą wobec duchownych angażujących się w sprawy spadkowe, co wiązało się z surowym afrykańskim prawem synodalnym. Natomiast postępowanie akwarian traktował jako zwykłą głupotę, zasługującą na wybaczenie.
Śmierć Galeriusza w Historia adversus Paganos Orozjusza
Authors: Suski Robert
Published: March 2021

Orozjusz w Historia adversus paganos, opisując chorobę i śmierć cesarza Galeriusza, przypisał mu popełnienie samobójstwa. Żadne inne źródło nie potwierdza tego faktu. W źródłach, z których korzystał Orozjusz, albo bardzo lakonicznie informuje się o zgonie władcy (Breviarium Eutropiusza, Chronicon Hieronima), albo się o tym milczy (Historia Ecclesiastica Rufina z Akwilei). Prawdopodobnie to sam Orozjusz przypisał popełnienie cesarzowi samobójstwa, gdyż uznał, że tak powinien odejść wróg Boga i chrześcijaństwa. W Biblii samobójstwo ukazane jest negatywnie. Podobnie ojcowie Kościoła potępiali popełnienie samobójstwa.
Zamach na życie króla Szwecji Gustawa III z dnia 16 marca 1792 r. Geneza, przebieg, konsekwencje
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: March 2021

Zamach na życie króla Szwecji Gustawa III dokonany w dniu 16 marca 1792 r. był wydarzeniem, które wzbudziło ogromne zainteresowanie tak współczesnych, jak i potomnych. Problem ten doczekał się omówienia w licznych pracach historycznych. Nie doczekał się jednak opracowania napisanego przez polskiego historyka. Autor, od kilkudziesięciu lat zajmujący się badaniem dziejów Szwecji w dobie panowania Gustawa III, na podstawie najważniejszych źródeł drukowanych, literatury przedmiotu oraz własnych badań archiwalnych, przedstawia szeroko pojętą genezę tego zamachu, zawiązanie sprzysiężenia, którego pierwotnym celem było odsunięcie Gustawa III od władzy, przebieg wydarzeń na balu maskowym w sztokholmskiej operze, śledztwo przeciwko królobójcom oraz ostatnie dni króla, który zmarł 29 marca 1792 r. W zakończeniu pojawiają się informacje o dziejach Szwecji w pierwszych miesiącach regencji sprawowanej przez Karola ks. Södermanlandii oraz o wszystkich następstwach politycznych tragicznej śmierci władcy, który miał szansę odegrania doniosłej roli na arenie międzynarodowej w burzliwych latach dziewięćdziesiątych XVIII w.
Khurana/Quadflieg/Raimondi/Rebentisch/Setton (Hg.): Negativität
Authors: Lamp Christian
Published: March 2021

Rezension von Thomas Khurana/Dirk Quadflieg/Francesca Raimondi/Juliane Rebentisch/Dirk Setton (Hg.): Negativität. Kunst, Recht, Politik. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2018.
Michael Ayers: Knowing and Seeing
Authors: Wimmer Simon
Published: March 2021

Rezension von Michael Ayers: Knowing and Seeing: Groundwork for a new empiricism. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2019.
Linking Population and Forest Dynamics over the Conterminous US for the 1990s and 2000s
Authors:   State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY, 130210, USA, Mountrakis Giorgos , Yang Sheng
Published: March 2021

Few studies have investigated deforestation and population connections in the U.S. at large spatial extents or small scales. We examined forest cover changes over two decades, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010, in the continental U.S. at the county scale. Forest dynamics were estimated using the National Land Cover Database, a satellite-derived classification product and then linked to population data from the US. Census. At the aggregate level, high population growth seems to increase net forest loss in a non-linear manner, especially in the 2000s. Counties were also ranked based on observed forest change when compared to counties of similar population change. Looking specifically at the county level, the majority of counties with low ranking (interpreted as disproportionate high forest loss for experienced population change) were in the south east region for both 1990s and 2000s. In 2000s, the entire east coast demonstrated low rankings, along with regions in the northwest (Oregon and Washington) and central north (Minnesota, northern Wisconsin/Michigan). While our study was not designed to group socioeconomic and environmental drivers, linking forest dynamics to population changes offers important insights and supports comparisons at the national scale. Future work should consider targeted regional analysis motivated by our results and multi-factor modeling.
Self-Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Testing by Using Nasal and Saliva Specimens: Protocol for Usability and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Majam Mohammed , Msolomba Vanessa , Scott Lesley , Stevens Wendy , Marange Fadzai , Kahamba Trish , Venter Francois , Conserve Donaldson Fadael
Published: March 2021

Background

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus discovered in December 2019 and is currently the cause of the global COVID-19 pandemic. A critical aspect of fighting this pandemic is to obtain accurate and timely test results so that patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 can be identified and isolated to reduce the spread of the virus. Research has shown that saliva is a promising candidate for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics because its collection is minimally invasive and can be reliably self-administered. However, little research has been conducted on saliva testing and SARS-CoV-2 self-sampling (SARS-CoV-2SS) in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to comparatively evaluate the clinical sensitivity and specificity of nasal and oral samples self-collected by individuals for SARS-CoV-2 testing against a reference method involving sample collection and testing by a health care professional. The secondary objectives of this study are to evaluate the usability of nasal self-sampling and saliva self-sampling as a sample collection method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing by using failure mode and error assessment.

Methods

Participants will be recruited from the general population by using various methods, Participants will be screened progressively as they present at the clinical trial sites as well as in primary health care catchment areas in the inner city of Johannesburg, South Africa. In the event that recruitment numbers are low, we will use a mobile van to recruit participants from outlying areas of Johannesburg. We aim to enroll 250 participants into this study in approximately 6 weeks. Two sample types—a self-administered nasal swab and a self-administered saliva sample—will be collected from each participant, and a health care professional will collect a third sample by using a nasopharyngeal swab (ie, the standard reference method).

Results

This protocol has been approved by the University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee on July 31, 2020 (Protocol number EzCov003). As of May 13, 2021, 120 participants have been enrolled into the study.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2SS may offer many benefits to individuals, by allowing for initial self-identification of symptoms and collection of samples without involving third parties and potential risk of infection provided the sample can be safely processed via a collection system. The results of this study will provide preliminary data on the acceptability, feasibility, and usability of SARS-CoV-2SS among the general population for its future implementation.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/24811
A Parent Coach–Led Model of Well-Child Care for Young Children in Low-Income Communities: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hurst Rachel , Liljenquist Kendra , Lowry Sarah J , Szilagyi Peter G , Fiscella Kevin A , Weaver Marcia R , Porras-Javier Lorena , Ortiz Janette , Sotelo Guerra Laura J , Coker Tumaini R
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The Parent-focused Redesign for Encounters, Newborns to Toddlers (PARENT) intervention was created as a team-based approach to well-child care (WCC) that relies on a health educator (Parent Coach) to provide the bulk of WCC services, address specific needs faced by families in low-income communities, and decrease reliance on the clinician as the primary provider of WCC services.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the impact of PARENT using a cluster randomized controlled trial.

METHODS

This study tested the effectiveness of PARENT at 10 clinical sites in 2 federally qualified health centers in Tacoma, Washington, and Los Angeles, California. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial that included 916 families with children aged ≤12 months at the time of the baseline survey. Parents will be followed up at 6 and 12 months after enrollment. The Parent Coach, the main element of PARENT, provides anticipatory guidance, psychosocial screening and referral, developmental and behavioral surveillance, screening, and guidance at each WCC visit. The coach is supported by parent-focused previsit screening and visit prioritization, a brief, problem-focused clinician encounter for a physical examination and any concerns that require a clinician’s attention, and an automated text message parent reminder and education service for periodic, age-specific messages to reinforce key health-related information recommended by Bright Futures national guidelines. We will examine parent-reported quality of care (receipt of nationally recommended WCC services, family-centeredness of care, and parental experiences of care), and health care use (WCC, urgent care, emergency department, and hospitalizations), conduct a cost analysis, and conduct a separate time-motion study of clinician time allocation to assess efficiency. We will also collect data on exploratory measures of parent-and parenting-focused outcomes. Our primary outcomes were receipt of anticipatory guidance and emergency department use.

RESULTS

Participant recruitment began in March 2019. After recruitment, 6- and 12-month follow-up surveys will be completed. As of August 30, 2021, we enrolled a total of 916 participants.

CONCLUSIONS

This large pragmatic trial of PARENT in partnership with federally qualified health centers will assess its utility as an evidence-based and financially sustainable model for the delivery of preventive care services to children in low-income communities.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03797898; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03797898

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/27054
Competencias tecnológicas del e-tutor en el Bachillerato Universitario a Distancia de la UAEM
Authors: Guadarrama Cárdenas Mayra Ivonne , Quevedo Moreno Silvia , Loretto Castillo Tsereth Zubayda
Published: March 2021

Dentro del Bachillerato Universitario a Distancia (BUAD), de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, las acciones tutoriales convergen en fortalecer el rol tutor y privilegiar el acompañamiento a los estudiantes. La presente investigación cualitativa analiza las competencias tecnológicas de los e-tutores en el acompañamiento y asesoría de los tutorados. El método utilizado fue estudio de caso, y se usó la técnica de grupo focal. Los resultados incluyen la identificación de las habilidades de las e-tutoras del BUAD en la gestión y empleo de los recursos tecnológicos dentro de un entorno virtual.
Bibliografías venezolanas y venezolanistas. Un breve recorrido
Authors: Nava Contreras Mariano
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo es un intento de trazar una breve historia de las bibliografías hechas en Venezuela o acerca de Venezuela (“venezolanistas”). Si bien la primera lista elaborada en lo que hoy es Venezuela es el “Inventario” de Juan de Eulate (1633), el primer bibliógrafo en consignar autores de Caracas –en el territorio de lo que más tarde sería Venezuela– fue Juan José de Eguiara y Eguren en su Bibliotheca mexicana. A partir de entonces se hace un recorrido sucinto por las principales listas y bibliografías venezolanas y venezolanistas hasta nuestros días.
Penerapan Literasi Sains di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nuro Falistya Roisatul Mar'atin , Suwandayani Beti Istanti , Majid Intan Nurul
Published: March 2021

Hasil PISA tahun 2018 telah diumumkan oleh  The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Pengukuran PISA dilakukan di Indonesia dengan melibatkan 12.098 peserta didik yang tersebar di 399 sekolah. Data tersebut menunjukkan tingkat literasi peserta didik masih rendah. Literasi yang rendah berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya produktivitas negara yaitu jumlah output yang dihasilkan dalam suatu periode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) implementasi literasi sains kelas IV sekolah dasar, (2) faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan literasi sains kelas IV di sekolah dasar, dan (3) faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan literasi sains kelas di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terlaksananya literasi sains di kelas IV, (2) faktor pendukung dalam gerakan literasi sains yaitu SDM (guru kelas, orang tua peserta didik, kepala sekolah, dan warga sekolah) dan fasilitas yang tersedia di sekolah (perputakaan sekolah, referensi buku bacaan di sekolah, dan pojok baca), dan (3) faktor penghambat dalam gerakan literasi sains yaitu kurangnya dukungan beberapa orang tua peserta didik dan kurangnya minat baca peserta didikHasil PISA tahun 2018 telah diumumkan oleh  The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Pengukuran PISA dilakukan di Indonesia dengan melibatkan 12.098 peserta didik yang tersebar di 399 sekolah. Data tersebut menunjukkan tingkat literasi peserta didik masih rendah. Literasi yang rendah berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya produktivitas negara yaitu jumlah output yang dihasilkan dalam suatu periode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) implementasi literasi sains kelas IV sekolah dasar, (2) faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan literasi sains kelas IV di sekolah dasar, dan (3) faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan literasi sains kelas di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terlaksananya literasi sains di kelas IV, (2) faktor pendukung dalam gerakan literasi sains yaitu SDM (guru kelas, orang tua peserta didik, kepala sekolah, dan warga sekolah) dan fasilitas yang tersedia di sekolah (perputakaan sekolah, referensi buku bacaan di sekolah, dan pojok baca), dan (3) faktor penghambat dalam gerakan literasi sains yaitu kurangnya dukungan beberapa orang tua peserta didik dan kurangnya minat baca peserta didik
Escala ZICAP II: evaluación de alienación parental en niños de 9 a 15 años de padres separados en Chile
Authors: Zicavo Martínez Nelson , Rey Clericus Ricardo , Ponce Luciano
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir un instrumento para evaluar Alienación Parental (AP) en niños y adolescentes chilenos, entre 9 y 15 años. Se confeccionó una herramienta para recoger evidencias de obstrucción al vínculo hijo/padre, lo que constituye maltrato infantil intrafamiliar grave, observado en procesos de divorcios conflictivos. Los ítems fueron construidos a partir de la conceptualización teórica de AP y se sometieron a consideración de jueces expertos quienes los enriquecieron, después de lo cual fueron sometidos a análisis estadísticos y ajustes sucesivos. De dicho proceso se obtuvo un instrumento de 29 ítems, 8 componentes y dos dimensiones (Dimensión I Alfa de Cronbach de .777, Dimensión II con un Alfa de Cronbach de .884). Esta escala se aplicó a 1181 hijos de padres separados, de 9 a 15 años, del centro sur de Chile. Se realizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio sobre la estructura teórica previamente propuesta observándose valores de ajuste aceptables.