bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopy of Inflammatory Dermatoses (Inflammoscopy): An Up-to-Date Overview
Authors: Errichetti Enzo
Published: August 2019

In addition to its use in pigmented and nonpigmented skin tumors, dermoscopy is gaining appreciation in assisting the diagnosis of nonneoplastic diseases, especially inflammatory dermatoses (inflammoscopy). In this field, dermoscopic examination should be considered as the second step of a “2-step procedure,” always preceded by the establishment of a differential diagnosis on the basis of clinical examination. In this paper, we sought to provide an up-to-date overview on the use of dermoscopy in common inflammatory dermatoses based on the available literature data. For practical purposes, the analyzed dermatoses are grouped according to the clinical presentation pattern, in line with the 2-step procedure principle: erythematous-desquamative and papulosquamous dermatoses, papulokeratotic dermatoses, erythematous facial dermatoses, sclero-atrophic dermatoses, and miscellaneous.
Value of Dermoscopy in a Population-Based Screening Sample by Dermatologists
Authors: Hoorens Isabelle , Vossaert Katrien , Lanssens Sven , Dierckxsens Laurence , Argenziano Giuseppe , Brochez Lieve
Published: August 2019

Background: The use of dermoscopy improves the diagnosis of skin cancer significantly in trained dermatologists. However, to evaluate its cost-effectiveness in daily practice, not only sensitivity but also the excision rate is important.

Objective: We examined the diagnostic accuracy of cases from a true population-based sample scored by general dermatologists.

Methods: One hundred twenty-six dermatologists were randomly assigned to 145 digital cases of lesions detected at a skin cancer screening. This resulted in 4,655 case evaluations using a web application. Accuracy of diagnosis and treatment was correlated with the histological diagnosis or expert opinion.

Results: The larger portion (89.7%) of the participating dermatologists reported using their dermatoscope daily. The odds of making a correct diagnosis of melanoma using dermoscopy was 5.38 compared with naked-eye examination (NEE). Dermoscopy increased sensitivity for skin cancer diagnosis from 70.6% to 84.6%, but this was associated with a small but significant decrease in specificity of 3.5%. To detect 1 skin cancer, 5.23 lesions had to be biopsied/excised in this sample and this was not significantly improved by dermoscopic evaluation. Dermoscopy significantly increased the confidence about making a correct diagnosis, especially in seborrheic keratosis, Bowen disease, and melanoma.

Conclusions: Dermoscopy significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, the sensitivity of skin cancer detection, and the confidence in diagnosis especially for seborrheic keratosis, Bowen disease, and melanoma. However, this finding was not reflected in a significant reduction in the number needed to excise in this sample.
Chondroblastoma-like Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hmada Youssef Al , Bernieh Anas , Morris Robert W. , Lewin Jack , Allen Timothy
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma is an exceedingly rare variant of osteosarcoma, with 22 cases reported in the English-language literature. The tumor is slightly more common in males, with a broad age range (from childhood to elderly). The most commonly involved bones are the metatarsus and tibia, followed by the femur. Most tumors have malignant or worrisome radiographic findings. Prognosis is variable, depending on the presence or absence of lung metastases, local recurrence, and probably tumor location. Histologically, chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma is characterized by monotonous, minimally to moderately atypical rounded cells with ovoid nuclei resembling chondroblastoma, and abnormal osteoid deposition with destruction of the bone.

Objective.—

To review the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma.

Data Sources.—

PubMed-published chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma cases in the English-language literature.

Conclusions.—

Although exceedingly rare, chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chondroblastoma, especially in the presence of radiologic findings suggestive of an aggressive lesion.
National Library Week celebrates connections
Authors: Wallace Linda , Somerville Mary
Published: August 2019

National Library Week celebrates connections
CELEBRATING 30 YEARS: On electric erasers and other notable events
Authors: Stevens Norman
Published: August 2019

CELEBRATING 30 YEARS: On electric erasers and other notable events
ACRL Guidelines: Guidelines for Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL Guidelines: Guidelines for Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries
Choosing Our Futures: Choosing to act: The 1997 ACRL National Conference
Authors: Bishoff Liz , Larson Catherine , Renaud Robert
Published: August 2019

Choosing Our Futures: Choosing to act: The 1997 ACRL National Conference
ACRL Bylaws: A proposed revision
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL Bylaws: A proposed revision
ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Colorado’s rich legacy
Authors: Greenblatt Ellen
Published: August 2019

ACRL NATIONAL CONFERENCE: Colorado’s rich legacy
Letter to the editor—Need to enforce standards
Authors: Harralson David M.
Published: August 2019

Letter to the editor—Need to enforce standards
Lung Cancer in Nonelderly Patients: Facility and Patient Characteristics Associated With Not Receiving Treatment
Authors: Nardi Elizabeth A. , Sun Can-Lan , Robert Francisco , Wolfson Julie A.
Published: August 2019

Background: In elderly patients with lung cancer, race/ethnicity is associated with not receiving treatment; however, little attention has been given to nonelderly patients (aged ≤65 years) with a range of disease stages and histologies. Nonelderly patients with lung cancer have superior survival at NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs), although the reasons remain unknown. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 9,877 patients newly diagnosed with small cell or non–small cell lung cancer (all stages) between ages 22 and 65 years and reported to the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program registry between 1998 and 2008. Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with nontreatment. Results: In multivariable analysis, race/ethnicity was associated with not receiving cancer treatment (black: odds ratio [OR], 1.22; P=.004; Hispanic: OR, 1.17; P=.04), adjusting for patient age, sex, disease stage, histology, diagnosis year, distance to treatment facility, type of facility (CCC vs non-CCC), and insurance status. With inclusion of socioeconomic status (SES) in the model, the effect of race/ethnicity was no longer significant (black: OR, 1.02; P=.80; Hispanic: OR, 1.00; P=1.00). Factors independently associated with nontreatment included low SES (OR range, 1.37–2.15; P<.001), lack of private insurance (public: OR, 1.71; P<.001; uninsured: OR, 1.30; P<.001), and treatment facility (non-CCC: OR, 3.22; P<.001). Conclusions: In nonelderly patients with lung cancer, SES was associated with nontreatment, mitigating the effect of race/ethnicity. Patients were also at higher odds of nontreatment if they did not have private insurance or received cancer care at a non-CCC facility. These findings highlight the importance of understanding how both patient-level factors (eg, SES, insurance status) and facility-level factors (eg, treatment facility) serve as barriers to treatment of nonelderly patients with lung cancer.
Hubert Aquin fade out
Authors: Harvey François
Published: August 2019

Cet article se penche sur les derniers écrits essayistiques et télévisuels d’Hubert Aquin, où l’écrivain déploie une « esthétique de la marge » qui se manifeste tant au niveau formel de son écriture, qu’à celui de son contenu. À la lumière de son essai « Le texte ou le silence marginal » (1976), nous effectuons une lecture des deux derniers projets téléthéâtraux d’Aquin : La mort de Charité (1973) et Les plaisirs de la mort (1974). Nous y constatons que l’écriture aquinienne est principalement dirigée par trois préoccupations singulières ; d’abord une volonté de décloisonnement des pratiques artistiques, marquée par des considérations intertextuelles, intergénériques et intermédiales ; ensuite une dynamique de la falsification du sujet qui vise à l’effacement de ses caractéristiques identitaires, voire à la mise au ban de son être ; enfin un déplacement de la « fonction-auteur » (Foucault) vers le lecteur, qui mène à une conception d’inspiration teilhardienne de la relation entre l’écrivain et son lectorat, où le rôle du premier est de coaliser les lectures possibles de son oeuvre. Par l’étude des différents procédés de « marginalification » qui déterminent les derniers écrits d’Aquin, nous cherchons à démontrer que l’oeuvre aquinienne répond à un désir d’excentrement qui vise à la dynamisation du sens, à l’établissement d’un sujet écrivant d’ordre divin et à une commun(icat)ion sacrée avec le lecteur.
Dire un Dieu de vie devant la mort
Authors: Vouga François
Published: August 2019

La multiplication des « Requiems » dans la modernité occidentale constitue un phénomène paradoxal dans notre monde apparemment dominé par l’athéisme et l’agnosticisme. L’auteur a choisi trois oeuvres — Un Requiem allemand de Brahms (1861-1869), le Requiem de Frank Martin (1971-1973) et les Requiem Canticles d’Igor Stravinsky (1965-1966). Il se propose de situer chacune dans son contexte intellectuel puis d’en décrire l’architecture afin d’en donner une interprétation théologique. Pour fonder celle-ci, l’argumentation analyse chacun des « Requiems » et met en évidence la réflexion théologique, explicitement présente dans les écrits de Stravinsky et dans la correspondance de Frank Martin, qui a accompagné leur travail de composition. La pensée propre à chaque musicien et la conscience d’une responsabilité d’ordre spirituel et intellectuel déterminent les solutions esthétiques adoptées. Elles permettent de comprendre la transformation que chacun opère du genre musical du requiem pour transmettre une espérance universelle à une humanité sécularisée.
Tracing the Trajectory of Cursing God in Extreme Metal
Authors: Podoshen Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2019

This essay examines the trajectory and the major milestones in “cursing God” in the extreme metal scene. The goal of this work is to begin a more honest conversation about the relationships between God, Satan and extreme metal that goes beyond media sensationalism. Three categories of “cursing God” in the extreme metal scene are presented and these are intended to act as a springboard for continued discourse and discussion that grants further elaboration on the intent and philosophies of the artists.
Validity of the iLOAD® app for resistance training monitoring
Authors: de Sá Evandro Claudino , Ricarte Medeiros André , Santana Ferreira André , García Ramos Amador , Janicijevic Danica , Boullosa Daniel
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed (I) to assess the inter-rater agreement for measuring the mean velocity (MV) of the barbell with the iLOAD® app, and (II) to compare the magnitude of the MV and total work of a training session between the iLOAD® app and a linear encoder (reference method).

Method

Sixteen young healthy individuals (four women and 12 men) were tested in two sessions separated by 48 h. The 10 repetition maximum (RM) load was determined in the first testing session in the half squat exercise. The second testing session consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions during the half squat exercise performed against the 10RM load. Both the iLOAD® app and a linear encoder were used to calculate the MV and total work of each training set. MV was recorded with the iLOAD® app by two independent researchers to evaluate the inter-rater agreement.

Results

Trivial differences and nearly perfect correlations were observed between raters for the MV values collected under individual sets (effect size [ES] ≤ 0.02, r ≥ 0.987), as well as for the whole training session (ES = 0.01, r = 0.997). Trivial-small differences and nearly perfect correlations were observed between the iLOAD® app and the linear encoder (Chronojump, Barcelona, Spain) for MV (EV ≤ 0.25, r ≥ 0.903) and total work (ES ≤ 0.05, r ≥ 0.973). Bland-Altman plots did not reveal heteroscedasticity of the errors between the iLOAD® app and the linear encoder for MV (r2 = 0.010) and total work (r2 < 0.001).

Conclusions

iLOAD® is a valid smartphone app which can provide real-time feedback of the MV and total work completed in a set of multiple repetitions in the half squat exercise.
Impact of Developmental Interventions in Upper Krishna Project (UKP) Area
Authors: Binkadakatti Jagadajyothi , Angadi J. G. , Dolli S. S.
Published: August 2019

The Upper Krishna Project (UKP) is one of the biggest projects in India and was started as multipurpose irrigation project in the drought prone northern part of Karnataka. The UKP consists of two dams across the river at Alamatti village and Narayanpur village. The implementation of Krishna Water Tribunal Award passed on 30.11.2010 resulted in increase of storage level of Almatti Dam from FRL 519.60 to FRL 524.256 m. 4.656 m increases in the storage level, an area of 76357 acres of land is expected to submerge in the back waters of Almatti reservoir, though, 22 villages with 32427 families may get effected in this event. The present research was undertaken in UKP area of Bagalkot district, Karnataka state during the year 2012-13. From Bagalkot district, three Rehabilitation Centres (RC) were selected from each of Bagalkot, Biligi and Hungund taluk to form a sample size of 180 by using random sampling technique. In this context, it was indeed necessary to study the developmental interventions in Upper Krishna Project area of Bagalkot district, in order to plan appropriate developmental programmes. During the survey it was learnt that, Government had given top priority for construction of houses. Therefore, 100 percent of the rehabilitant farmers had availed benefit of the HCG. 90.56 per cent of the rehabilitant farmers availed benefit of Income Generating Schemes (IGS) in case of training programmes followed by horticulture development, IGA and new SHG formation. Higher proportions of the rehabilitant farmers (41.67% and 36.67%) were found in high asset acquisition category in case of financial and physical capitals, respectively. Majority of the rehabilitant farmers (80.56%) suggested for extend free household electricity. The findings of the study provide valuable information to administrators, planners, policy makers and extension workers in order to plan appropriate developmental programmes for Project Displaced Families (PDF).
Amylase Production by Solid State Fermentation of Agro-industrial Wastes Using Bacillus species
Authors: Obi C. N. , Okezie O. , Ezugwu A. N.
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated amylase production by Bacillus species employing the solid state fermentation (SSF) method using five agro-industrial wastes namely corn cobs, potato peel and maize straw, groundnut husk and corn chaff. Five Bacillus species were tested for amylase production abilities and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest amylase production ability after incubation. Corn chaff gave maximum enzyme production (3.25 U/ml) while the least enzyme was recorded on groundnut husk (2.35 U/ml) at 25. Potato peel had maximum enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis (3.05 U/ml) at pH 7.0 while the least enzyme production was from groundnut husk (2.84 U/ml) at pH 4.0.Thus there was an increase in enzyme production with corresponding increase in substrate concentration. The results obtained in this study support the suitability of using agro-industrial wastes as solid state fermentation substrates for high production of amylase. It’s also a means of solving pollution problems thus making solid state fermentation an attractive method.
Influence of the Nutritive Composition on the Organoleptic Characters of Cakes Enriched with Fruits Almond of Terminalia catappa
Authors: Etienne Douati Togba , Marius Biego Godi Henri , Ysidor Konan N’Guessan , Daouda Sidibe , Yves Nyamien Bleou , Adama Coulibaly
Published: August 2019

Aims: The study focuses the organoleptic trend according to the nutritive composition of cakes processed from wheat flour enriched with the almond flour of T. catappa, a plant growing in some regions of Côte d’Ivoire.

Study Design:  Nine formulations of cakes processed from addition of almond flour of Terminalia catappa to wheat flour and then submitted to nutrients and descriptive sensory analyses.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Biochemistry department of Biosciences Unit, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, running 2015.

Methodology: The contents in nutriments, namely macronutrients, minerals (macroelements and oligoelements), vitamins, and polyphenol antioxidants of the enriched cakes were determined using standard methods and their sensory description achieved. Then, the influence between both types of characteristics was assessed through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) at ± 0.5 significance using statistical software SPSS.

Results: The cakes investigated recorded invarious content in total carbohydrates (the major nutritive compound of the flours) whereas the other nutrients increased accordingly to the ratio of the almond flour incorporated for. Oppositely, the full sensory descriptors were responded with statistically similar scores over the cakes formulated. The correlation analysis mainly showed reduction of the cakes aroma during the nutrients increase, with r coefficients of –0.65 to –0.54. Thus, the study shows no rather nutritional influence of the nutritive enrichment of cakes on the sensory profile.

Conclusion: The valorization of the cakes enriched with almonds of T. catappa could be sustained on the basis of their acceptance by consumers.
Impact of Improved Cassava Technology Adoption on Farmers Output in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyemma Juliet Ogadinma , Tokula Mark , Tertsea Koko Michael , Chimela Nwafor Solomon
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was to ascertain the impact of the adoption of improved cassava technology on the output of farmers in Benue state, Nigeria.

Study Design: The study used Survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Benue State, between November 2018 and May 2019.

Methodology: Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 366 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using Semi-structured questionnaire.

Objective 1 was achieved using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and means while Objective 2 was achieved using multiple regression model.

Results: The findings showed that the adoption of improved cassava technologies influenced the farmers in a number of ways which included increased farmers income (56%:  2.10), acquired new skills (75%:); increased output (76%: ); expanded production (67%: ); ensured more food at home (food security) ( 85%: ); and increased well being of adopters (80%: ). The result also revealed that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State was accepted. This was indicated by F-stat value of 33.42 and F-probe value of 0.000 of less than 0.05, indicating that the estimated regression model adopted in this study was statistically significant at 1%. The R2 value of 0.75 implied that 75% of dependent variable (farmers output) was explained by the independent variables (TSM0505, TSM0581, TSM0572, TMS011368, TMS961632, TMS920326 TME 419, NR8082).

Conclusion: Thus it was concluded that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State The study thus recommend that Extension agencies should ensure that improved cassava technologies are accessible by farmers and that farmers acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in using such technologies. This will ensure high adoption and high impact as well.
Concentration of Uranium and Thorium in Granite Rock in Kadugli, Sudan Using γ - ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Alnour I. A.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present study is to determine the elemental concentration in (ppm) and specific activity in (Bqkg-1) of Uranium (238U) and Thorium (232Th) contained in the granite rock of a special geological area in Sudan (Kadugli).

The elemental concentrations and specific activity of 238U and 232Th in granite rock were determined by using the gross gamma counting technique (γ-ray spectroscopy). The analyses were performed for daughter decaying of 238U and 232Th; which are Pb-214, Bi-214 for 238U and Tl-208, Ac-228 for 232Th.

The experiments were carried out at the Nuclear Laboratory, Physics Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia using the facilities of gamma ray spectroscopy system with high purity germanium detector (HPGe) of efficiency 20%.

Granite samples were collected from Hagar El-Mlik area, 2 km from the central of Kadugli city in southern Kordofan state, Sudan. The rock was crushed and ground to fine powder and sieved with a particle size less than 120 μm. To calculate the concentrations of 238U and 232Th in the granite rock, standard reference materials provided by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was used.

The average of elemental concentrations and specific activity of uranium were obtained in the range (1.8 ± 0.11) to (0.80 ± 0.08) ppm, and (22.11 ± 1.30) to (9.79 ± 0.98) Bqkg-1 respectively, while (16.22±1.84) to (7.45±1.34) ppm and (65.42±7.40) to (29.50 ± 5.39) Bqkg-1 are the average concentration and specific activity of thorium. Moreover, average activity concentrations (Bqkg-1) for granite samples have been compared with the typical values of different countries.

232Th shows high activity concentration (65.42±7.4) Bqkg-1 whereas, 238U activity value is distinctly lower than the corresponding ones obtained from other countries and, in general, all results are acceptable and fall within the range given in UNSCEAR report 1993.
A Functioning Macroscopic “Rubik's Cube” Assembled via Controllable Dynamic Covalent Interactions
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Li Zhao , Liu Xiaolin , Peng Hui‐Qing , Song Fengyan , Qi Ji , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Long Lingliang , Sessler Jonathan L. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2019

The dynamic behavior of a macroscopic adhered hydrogel stabilized through controllable dynamic covalent interactions is reported. These interactions, involving the cross‐linked formation of a hydrogel through reaction of a diacylhydrazine precursor with a tetraformyl partner, increase as a function of time. By using a contact time of 24 h and different compounds with recognized aggregation‐induced emission features (AIEgens), it proves possible to create six laminated acylhydrazone hydrogels displaying different fluorescent colors. Blocks of these hydrogels are then adhered into a structure resembling a Rubik's Cube, a trademark of Rubik's Brand Limited, (RC) and allowed to anneal for 1 h. This produces a 3 × 3 × 3 block (RC) wherein the individual fluorescent gel blocks are loosely adhered to one another. As a consequence, the 1 × 3 × 3 layers making up the RC can be rotated either horizontally or vertically to produce new patterns. Ex situ modification of the RC or application of a chemical stimulus can be used to produce new color arrangements. The present RC structure highlights how the temporal features, strong versus weak adhesion, may be exploited to create smart macroscopic structures.
Rational Design of Dopant‐Free Coplanar D‐π‐D Hole‐Transporting Materials for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factor Exceeding 80%
Authors: Chen Yatong , Xu Xiuwen , Cai Ning , Qian Sainan , Luo Ruixi , Huo Yanping , Tsang Sai‐Wing
Published: August 2019

In this paper, two novel D‐π‐D hole‐transporting materials (HTM) are reported, abbreviated as BDT‐PTZ and BDT‐POZ, which consist of 4,8‐di(hexylthio)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) as π‐conjugated linker, and N‐(6‐bromohexyl) phenothiazine (PTZ)/N‐(6‐bromohexyl) phenoxazine (POZ) as donor units. The above two HTMs are deployed in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as dopant‐free HT layers, exhibiting excellent power conversion efficiencies of 18.26% and 19.16%, respectively. Particularly, BDT‐POZ demonstrates a superior fill factor of 81.7%, which is consistent with its more efficient hole extraction and transport verified via steady‐state/transient fluorescence spectra and space‐charge‐limited current technique. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction characterization implies these two molecules present diverse packing tendencies, which may account for various interfacial hole‐transport ability in PSCs.
Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Graphite as a Cathode: Key Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: August 2019

Rechargeable graphite dual‐ion batteries (GDIBs) have attracted the attention of electrochemists and material scientists in recent years due to their low cost and high‐performance metrics, such as high power density (≈3–175 kW kg−1), energy efficiency (≈80–90%), long cycling life, and high energy density (up to 200 Wh kg−1), suited for grid‐level stationary storage of electricity. The key feature of GDIBs is the exploitation of the reversible oxidation of the graphite network with concomitant and highly efficient intercalation/deintercalation of bulky anionic species between graphene layers. In this review, historical and current research aspects of GDIBs are discussed, along with key challenges in their development and practical deployment. Specific emphasis is given to the operational mechanism of GDIBs and to unbiased and correct reporting of theoretical cell‐level energy densities.
Mobilizing the community of biodiversity specimen collectors to effectively detect and document outliers in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pearson Katelin D. , Mast Austin R.
Published: August 2019

Premise

Biological outliers (observations that fall outside of a previously understood norm, e.g., in phenology or distribution) may indicate early stages of a transformative change that merits immediate attention. Collectors of biodiversity specimens such as plants, fungi, and animals are on the front lines of discovering outliers, yet the role collectors currently play in providing such data is unclear.

Methods

We surveyed 222 collectors of a broad range of taxa, searched 47 training materials, and explored the use of 170 outlier terms in 75 million specimen records to determine the current state of outlier detection and documentation in this community.

Results

Collectors reported observing outliers (e.g., about 80% of respondents observed morphological and distributional outliers at least occasionally). However, relatively few specimen records include outlier terms, and imprecision in their use and handling in data records complicates data discovery by stakeholders. This current state appears to be at least partly due to the absence of protocols: only one of the training materials addressed documenting and reporting outliers.

Conclusions

We suggest next steps to mobilize this largely untapped, yet ideally suited, community for early detection of biotic change in the Anthropocene, including community activities for building relevant best practices.
Maternally inherited MAF variant associated with variable expression of Aymé‐Gripp syndrome
Authors: Alkhunaizi Ebba , Koenekoop Robert K. , Saint‐Martin Christine , Russell Laura
Published: August 2019

Aymé‐Gripp syndrome is an intellectual disability syndrome characterized by autism spectrum disorder, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal involvement, seizures, cardiac anomalies, and distinctive facial features. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in MAF. To date, less than 20 cases have been reported, the majority having de novo mutations. Here, we report a patient with classical features of Aymé‐Gripp syndrome who inherited a MAF variant, c.206C>G (p.P69R), from a mother with normal intellectual function and normal hearing but with cataract and significant proteinuria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient who inherited a MAF causative variant from a parent with normal intellect. Although the syndrome typically has multiple malformations and intellectual disability, we suggest that a mild phenotype could exist. In addition, we suggest that the basal ganglia calcifications present in our proband could be a novel finding associated with MAF variants and offer further support for the relationship between these variants and late manifestations of renal disease.
Confirmation and further delineation of the SMG9‐deficiency syndrome, a rare and severe developmental disorder
Authors: Lecoquierre François , Bonnevalle Antoine , Chadie Alexandra , Gayet Claire , Dumant‐Forest Clémentine , Renaux‐Petel Mariette , Leca Jean‐Baptiste , Hazelzet Tristan , Brasseur‐Daudruy Marie , Louillet Ferielle , Muraine Marc , Coutant Sophie , Quenez Olivier , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean‐François , Frebourg Thierry , Goldenberg Alice , Saugier‐Veber Pascale , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Nicolas Gaël
Published: August 2019

Introduction

SMG9 deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition originally described in three patients from two families harboring homozygous truncating SMG9 variants in a context of severe syndromic developmental disorder. To our knowledge, no additional patient has been described since this first report.

Methods

We performed exome sequencing in a patient exhibiting a syndromic developmental delay and in her unaffected parents and report the phenotypic features.

Results

Our patient presented with a syndromic association of severe global developmental delay and diverse malformations, including cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphic features, brain abnormalities, heart defect, growth retardation, and severe infections. She carried a novel SMG9 homozygous variant NM_019108.3:c.1177C>T, p.(Gln393*), while her unaffected parents were both heterozygous.

Conclusions

We confirm that bi‐allelic truncating SMG9 variants cause a severe developmental syndrome including brain and heart malformations associated with facial dysmorphic features, severe growth and developmental delay with or without ophthalmological abnormalities, severe feeding difficulties, and life‐threatening infections.
Ein neutraler “Aluminocen”‐Sandwich‐Komplex: η1‐ vs. η5‐Koordination eines Pentaarylborols mit ECp* (E=Al, Ga; Cp*=C5Me5)
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Ruth Paul Niklas
Published: August 2019

Das Pentaarylborol (Ph*C)4BXylF [Ph*=3,5‐tBu2(C6H3); XylF=3,5‐(CF3)2(C6H3)] reagiert mit den niedervalenten Cyclopentadienylverbindungen der Gruppe 13 E(I)Cp* (E=Al, Ga). Gegenüber [AlCp*]4 wirkt das Borol als Oxidationsmittel und nimmt zwei Elektronen auf. Dies führt zum bisher unbekannten, neutralen η5‐Cp*,η5‐[(Ph*C)4BXylF]‐Komplex des AlIII, der strukturell, spektroskopisch und computerchemisch untersucht wurde. Die Bildung des heteroleptischen Borol‐Cyclopentadienyl‐“Aluminocens” führt zu signifikanten Veränderungen der 13C‐NMR‐chemischen Verschiebungen im Borol. Das weniger stark reduzierende GaCp* reagiert mit dem Borol (Ph*C)4BXylF unter Bildung eines dynamischen Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Addukts mit einer dativen 2‐Elektronen‐2‐Zentren‐Ga‐B‐Bindung. Das Lewis‐Addukt wurde strukturell, spektroskopisch und computerchemisch untersucht.
Enantioselective Radical Addition/Cross‐Coupling of Organozinc Reagents, Alkyl Iodides, and Alkenyl Boron Reagents
Authors: Chierchia Matteo , Xu Peilin , Lovinger Gabriel J. , Morken James P.
Published: August 2019

A hybrid transition‐metal/radical process is described that results in the addition of organozinc reagents and alkyl halides across alkenyl boron reagents in an enantioselective catalytic fashion. The reaction can be accomplished both intermolecularly and intramolecularly, providing useful product yields and high enantioselectivities in both manifolds.
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation
Authors: Sang Rui , Kucmierczyk Peter , Dühren Ricarda , Razzaq Rauf , Dong Kaiwu , Liu Jie , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of carboxylic acids is of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and the corresponding products find numerous applications for polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other manufactured chemicals. Although hydroxycarbonylations of olefins have been known for more than 60 years, currently known catalyst systems for this transformation do not fulfill industrial requirements, for example, stability. Presented herein for the first time is an aqueous‐phase protocol that allows conversion of various olefins, including sterically hindered and demanding tetra‐, tri‐, and 1,1‐disubstituted systems, as well as terminal alkenes, into the corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields. The outstanding stability of the catalyst system (26 recycling runs in 32 days without measurable loss of activity), is showcased in the preparation of an industrially relevant fatty acid. Key‐to‐success is the use of a built‐in‐base ligand under acidic aqueous conditions. This catalytic system is expected to provide a basis for new cost‐competitive processes for the industrial production of carboxylic acids.
A Neutral “Aluminocene” Sandwich Complex: η1‐ versus η5‐Coordination Modes of a Pentaarylborole with ECp* (E=Al, Ga; Cp*=C5Me5)
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Ruth Paul Niklas
Published: August 2019

The pentaaryl borole (Ph*C)4BXylF [Ph*=3,5‐tBu2(C6H3); XylF=3,5‐(CF3)2(C6H3)] reacts with low‐valent Group 13 precursors AlCp* and GaCp* by two divergent routes. In the case of [AlCp*]4, the borole reacts as an oxidising agent and accepts two electrons. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational analysis of the resulting unprecedented neutral η5‐Cp*,η5‐[(Ph*C)4BXylF] complex of AlIII revealed a strong, ionic bonding interaction. The formation of the heteroleptic borole‐cyclopentadienyl “aluminocene” leads to significant changes in the 13C NMR chemical shifts within the borole unit. In the case of the less‐reductive GaCp*, borole (Ph*C)4BXylF reacts as a Lewis acid to form a dynamic adduct with a dative 2‐center‐2‐electron Ga−B bond. The Lewis adduct was also studied structurally, spectroscopically, and computationally.
Infrared spectral analysis of low concentration magnetoactive polymers
Authors: Prem Nina , Sindersberger Dirk , Monkman Gareth J.
Published: August 2019

This work concerns an area of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) research seldom considered. Traditionally only MAP with high concentrations of magnetic filler (typically between 10 and 90 wt%) have been investigated. This article deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of research, namely MAP containing lower magnetic filler concentrations (1 to 3 wt%). This article utilizes a range of spectroscopic analysis methods (Raman and FTIR) and their applicability to MAP characterization at wavelengths ranging from 2.5 to 25 μm. Particular attention is paid to low carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentrations in MAP for which the emergence of capillary doublets at a critical 2 wt% concentration is revealed. This results in measurable magnetic field‐dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavelength of 4.255 μm together with a detectable CO2 susceptibility. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48366.
Fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued BAM neural networks with time delays
Authors: Zhang Ziye , Guo Runan , Liu Xiaoping , Zhong Maiying , Lin Chong , Chen Bing
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with time delays is studied. Based on the fixed‐time stability, the Lyapunov functional method and some inequality techniques, a new criterion is presented to guarantee that the addressed systems achieve synchronization in fixed time and a more accurate estimation independent of the initial conditions is given for the settling time. Meanwhile, a new nonlinear delayed controller different from the existing ones is designed. In the end, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.
Social‐valence‐related increased attention in rett syndrome cynomolgus monkeys: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhou Zhigang , Zhou Yin , Zhang Ting , Ma Yuanye , Niu Yuyu , Ji Weizhi , Chen Yongchang
Published: August 2019

The cognitive phenotypes of Rett syndrome (RTT) remain unclarified compared with the well‐defined genetic etiology. Recent clinical studies suggest the eye‐tracking method as a promising avenue to quantify the visual phenotypes of the syndrome. The present study explored various aspects of visual attention of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 gene mutant RTT monkeys with the eye‐tracking procedure. Comprehensive testing paradigms, including social valence comparison (SVC), visual paired comparison (VPC), and social recognition memory (SRM), were utilized to investigate their attentional features to social stimuli with differential valence, the novelty preferences, and short‐term recognition memory, respectively. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the eye‐tracking findings, we assessed changes of the brain subregion volumes and neurotransmitter concentrations. Compared with control monkeys, RTT monkeys demonstrated increased viewing on the more salient stare faces than profile faces in the SVC test, and increased viewing on the whole presented images composed of monkey faces in the VPC and SRM tests. Brain imaging revealed reduced bilateral occipital gyrus in RTT monkeys. The exploratory neurotransmitter analyses revealed no significant changes of various neurotransmitter concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of RTT monkeys. The eye‐tracking results suggested social‐valence‐related increased attention in RTT monkeys, supplementing the cognitive phenotypes associated with the syndrome. Further investigations from broader perspectives are required to uncover the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1–13. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay summary

Altered expressions of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene are usually associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, Rett syndrome (RTT), and so forth. The present eye‐tracking study found social‐valence‐related increased attention in our firstly established MECP2 mutant RTT monkeys. The novel findings supplement the cognitive phenotypes and potentially benefit the behavioral interventions of the RTT syndrome.
History of Science or History of Learning
Authors: Heilbron John L.
Published: August 2019

This essay presents analogies between the development of historical writing and of physical science during the early modern period. Its necessarily spotty coverage runs from the mid sixteenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth. The analogies include arising from practical concerns; preferring material documents and experimental inquiries over texts; making use of mathematical auxiliary sciences; distinguishing between primary and secondary elements; establishing new fundamental principles; undermining the traditional world system; and devising methods to control rapidly multiplying knowledge. A history of learning that meets today's standards of historical scholarship should identify and exploit such parallels, not only because of scholarly interest and responsibility, but also because an understanding of the historical importance of linkages between distant branches of learning may help redress the increasing imbalance in resources among the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities in our higher schools and universities.
MicroRNA‐124: An emerging therapeutic target in cancer
Authors: Jia Xinqi , Wang Xu , Guo Xiaorong , Ji Jingjing , Lou Ge , Zhao Junjie , Zhou Wenjia , Guo Mian , Zhang Maomao , Li Chao , Tai Sheng , Yu Shan
Published: August 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single‐stranded RNAs, approximately 20‐24 nucleotides in length, known as powerful posttranscriptional regulators. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in cellular processes by changing messenger RNA expression and are widely involved in human diseases, including tumors. It has been reported in the literature that miRNAs have a precise role in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, differentiation, and expression of coding genes. MicroRNA‐124 (miR‐124) has reduced exparession in various human neoplasms and is believed to be related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors. In our review, we focus on the specific molecular functions of miR‐124 and the downstream gene targets in major cancers, which provide preclinical evidence for the treatment of human cancer. Although some obstacles exist, miR‐124 is still attracting intensive research focus as a promising and effective anticancer weapon.
Monozygotic dichorionic diamniotic twins with large interstitial deletion of chromosome 1p
Authors: Yieh Leah , Ramo Christina , Feist Cori , Shaffer Brian L. , Kim Amanda
Published: August 2019

We describe twins with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 1 with a severe phenotype compared to previously described cases. As genetic testing is more frequently performed, it is important for clinicians to understand the spectrum of clinical findings that can occur with this particular deletion.
Amidine/Phosphine‐Oxide‐Based Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Zou Chen , Tan Chen , Pang Wenmin , Chen Changle
Published: August 2019

Nickel catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar co‐monomers remains a great challenge in the field of olefin polymerization. In this contribution, a series of amidine/phosphine‐oxide‐based ligands were synthesized and investigated for nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar co‐monomers. These nickel catalysts exhibited high catalytic activities (homopolymerization: up to 2.6×106 g (mol of Ni)−1 h−1; copolymerization: up to 1.0×105 g (mol of Ni)−1 h−1;) and good thermal stabilities at 80 °C, generating high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes (Mn up to 8.45×104 g mol−1) as well as copolymers (Mn up to 2.19×104 g mol−1). The Ni center exhibited square planar geometry. The N atom between the imine and phosphine‐oxide moieties exhibited trigonal planar geometry, indicating electron‐donating conjugate effect of the sp2 hybrid N‐atom linker. This electronic effect can increase the electron density on the nickel center and result in enhanced catalytic performance.
Insight into the Formation of COX By‐Products in Methanol‐to‐Aromatics Reaction over Zn/HZSM‐5: Significantly Affected by the Chemical State of Surface Zn Species
Authors: Li Junhui , Gong Qing , Liu Yifei , Kang Rongrong , Yang Chengguang , Qiu Minghuang , Hu Zhonghua , Zhu Zhirong
Published: August 2019

Several Zn‐modified HZSM‐5 catalysts prepared by impregnation or ion exchange were characterized, and tested in methanol‐to‐aromatics (MTA) reaction. The obviously enhanced output of COX by‐products (CO & CO2) was observed over these modified catalysts, although they showed the significantly improved selectivity of aromatics. It was found COX formation is actually determined by the chemical state of surface Zn species. Concretely, both surface ZnO and surface metal‐zinc are the reactive sites for the conversion of methanol to COX and H2. At the initial period of reaction, surface ZnO (no reduction) causes COX (mainly CO2) formation may almost‐exclusively through methanol steam‐reforming. With the extending of reaction‐time, while it′s partially reduced to metal‐zinc which more violently catalyzes the conversion of methanol to COX (both CO and CO2) may through the pathway of first dehydrogenation‐decomposition and subsequent Water‐Gas‐Shift reaction. However, the surface ZnOH+ species as Lewis acid hardly results in COX formation, but significantly promotes aromatization due to its interaction‐dehydrogenation effect. As high as possible ratio of the ZnOH+ in surface Zn species is conducive to both suppressing the side‐reaction which produces COX and incubating the high aromatic selectivity even in the time‐on‐stream reaction. Our work may provide a theoretical guidance for developing the elegant catalyst for the MTA process with high carbon atom utilization.
Thermodynamic Effect of Anion Activity on Electrochemical Reactions Involving Li+ Ions in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tatara Ryoichi , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: August 2019

The effect of Li+ concentration on the electrochemical reactions of Li metal and graphite electrodes was studied in aprotic ionic liquid (P13TFSA: N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide)‐LiTFSA mixtures. The electrode potential of the Li metal was governed not only by the activity of the complex Li+ ions ([Li(TFSA)2]−), but also by the free‐TFSA− anions, because the desolvation step of the complex Li+ ions needed to be considered. With increasing LiTFSA concentration, the electrode potential of the Li metal increased due to increasing [Li(TFSA)2]− activity and decreasing free‐TFSA− activity in the electrolyte solutions, which was supported by Raman spectroscopy results. The Li+ intercalation reaction into the graphite electrode was also investigated. With increasing LiTFSA concentration, the onium cation (P13+) intercalation, which is a well‐known side reaction without a desolvation step, was suppressed and reversible Li+ intercalation into the graphite electrode was observed.
Fast, Facile and Solvent‐Free Dry‐Melt Synthesis of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes: Simple Design with High Potency towards Cancerous Cells
Authors: Zegke Markus , Spencer Hannah L. M. , Lord Rianne M.
Published: August 2019

A range of oxobis(phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione) vanadium(IV) complexes have been successfully synthesized from cheap starting materials and a simple and solvent‐free one‐pot dry‐melt reaction. This direct, straightforward, fast and alternative approach to inorganic synthesis has the potential for a wide range of applications. Analytical studies confirm their successful synthesis, purity and solid‐state coordination, and we report the use of such complexes as potential drug candidates for the treatment of cancer. After a 24 hour incubation of A549 lung carcinoma cells with the compounds, they reveal cytotoxicity values elevenfold greater than cisplatin and remain non‐toxic towards normal cell types. Additionally, the complexes are stable over a range of physiological pH values and show the potential for interactions with bovine serum albumin.
Enhanced Deep‐Learning Prediction of Molecular Properties via Augmentation of Bond Topology
Authors: Cho Hyeoncheol , Choi Insung S.
Published: August 2019

Deep learning has made great strides in tackling chemical problems, but still lacks full‐fledged representations for three‐dimensional (3D) molecular structures for its inner working. For example, the molecular graph, commonly used in chemistry and recently adapted to the graph convolutional network (GCN), is inherently a 2D representation of 3D molecules. Herein we propose an advanced version of the GCN, called 3DGCN, which receives 3D molecular information from a molecular graph augmented by information on bond direction. While outperforming state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning models in the prediction of chemical and biological properties, 3DGCN has the ability to both generalize and distinguish molecular rotations in 3D, beyond 2D, which has great impact on drug discovery and development, not to mention the design of chemical reactions.