bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Continuance Intention to Use Anti-COVID Mobile App for Crisis Response: Evaluating User Appraisal and Emotion
Authors: Amosun Tunde Simeon , Rufai Olayemi Hafeez , Shahani Riffat , Gonlepa Miapeh Kous , Awomnab Daniel , Emmanuel Iyanuoluwa Amosun
Published: August 2024

This study examines how users’ appraisals of anti-covid mobile app exert influence on their emotional responses and how it determines their continuance intention to use the app during the period of Covid-19 outbreak in China. There have been several studies in the past that have focused on IT and how it is integrated in curbing the spread of infections during public health crisis. However, there have been very few studies that have concentrated on technology artifacts like the anti-covid mobile app and what stimulate people to continue using the App. The cognitive appraisal theoretical framework provides the basis for the development of the research model used in this study. The study adopts a quantitative research approach and data are gathered from 416 research respondents that use China’s coronavirus mobile health code app and the relationship between different constructs such as appraisal, emotion, and continuance intention to use are critically examined. Also, the mediating role emotion was also considered. Results from structural equation modeling reveals that users’ appraisals of anti-covid mobile app indeed have significant influences on their emotions which then exert significant influence on their continuance intentions to use the App. Emotion was also found to play significant mediating role. Detailed interpretations of results are presented in the analysis section. The theoretical and practical implications are also highlighted, and limitations are also discussed which identified future research directions.
Industry 4.0 Competencies and Sustainable Manufacturing Performance in the Context of Manufacturing SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yeo Hui Ying , Ong Choon Hee
Published: August 2024

As the backbone of Malaysia’s economy, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly those in the manufacturing industry, are spotlighted in times of crisis, considering the substantial risks that small businesses must overcome. SME manufacturers strive to drive productivity and enhance competitiveness amid ongoing global challenges. Sustainable manufacturing performance is a key indicator in the manufacturing industry for reviving SMEs in the recovery stage of global crises. With continuous technological advancement, industry 4.0 competencies can have significant influence on expanding the evolution of contemporary manufacturing from theoretical industry 4.0 concepts to real-world applications. There is a gap in the literature regarding the comprehensive investigation of industry 4.0 competencies collectively and their direct impact on sustainable manufacturing performance, as well as the potential moderating influence of rational culture. The research question addressed in this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of prevailing studies on the relationship between industry 4.0 competencies and sustainable manufacturing performance. This study references the Global Reporting Initiative and identifies relevant industry 4.0 competencies, conducting a systematic literature review to investigate the relationship between industry 4.0 competencies and sustainable manufacturing performance and the role of rational culture as a moderating variable. Examining research published between 2013 and 2023, only 33 documents satisfy the eligibility criteria. This paper carries implications for SME manufacturers and government in Malaysia, highlighting the importance of recognizing and implementing appropriate industry 4.0 competencies to improve sustainable manufacturing performance and reap associated benefits.
Strengthening Public Health Preceptorship Through Project ECHO
Authors: Brandis Leah M. , Johnson Tonya M. , Abbott Maryan Carbuccia , Izumi Betty T. , Baker Robin L. , Wipfli Brad M. , Davis Melinda M.
Published: August 2024

Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a telementoring workforce development model. This manuscript describes the development, delivery, and evaluation of a Public Health Preceptor ECHO program as a strategy to boost knowledge and confidence of public health preceptors, who guide public health students through an applied practice experience (internship). The Public Health Preceptor ECHO is a collaborative effort between two Oregon schools of public health. The six-session ECHO was developed between summer and fall 2022 and first delivered in winter 2023. Participants completed fixed and open response surveys after each ECHO session and at the program’s end. Quantitative responses were analyzed using Stata and illustrative qualitative responses were selected to highlight program impacts. Forty-three individuals registered to participate in the ECHO and 27 participants attended each session on average. Participants reported increased knowledge and skills, especially in communication with interns. The ECHO also provided resources for further training and mentorship, and examples of administrative policies and protocols for managing an intern project. In addition to boosting preceptors’ confidence to support public health students, two impacts included a grant submission to establish a hub for student internship stipends and extending university-sponsored housing to public health students in rural communities. Project ECHO is a promising methodology for training future public health preceptors.
Communication in the ICU: An Unintended Nocebo Effect?
Authors: Riestra Guiance Irene , Wallace Lindsey , Varga Katalin , Niven Alexander , Hosey Megan , Chitulangoma Jillene , Philbrick Kemuel , Gajic Ognjen , Weiman Madeline , Schmitt Emily , Pasko David , Karnatovskaia Lioudmila
Published: August 2024

To identify medical phrases utilized by the critical care team that may have an unintended impact on the critically ill patient, we administered an anonymous survey to multi-professional critical care team members. We elicited examples of imprecise language that may have a negative emotional impact on the critically ill. Of the 1600 providers surveyed, 265 offered 1379 examples (912 unique) which were clustered into 5 categories. Medical jargon (eg, “riding the vent”) was most prevalent (n = 549). There were 217 negative suggestions (eg, “you will feel a stick and a burn”). Hyperboles (eg, “black cloud”) were common (n = 198) while homonyms (ie “he fibbed”) accounted for 150 examples. Phrases such as “code brown in there” were categorized as metonyms (n = 144). 121 metaphors/similes (eg, “rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic”) were provided. Phrases that have the potential to negatively impact critically ill patient perceptions are commonplace in critical care practice. Whether these everyday communication habits lead to an unintended nocebo effect on mental health outcomes of the critically ill deserves further study.
Mental Healthcare Consumers’ Experiences of Mental Health Care: Variation in Knowledge by the Family Members and Support
Authors: Shimange Mihloti E. , Shilubane Hilda Nwamuhohova , Ndou Nthomeni Dorah , Mulondo Adrinah Seani
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Knowledge and support by members of the family towards the care of the consumers of mental health services is the core priority and is noticeable by the users as it gives and eases the life of the users during therapy and rehabilitation. However, there have been documented instances of families that neglect their relatives with mental illnesses.

Objective

This study explored the experiences of mental healthcare consumers regarding family members’ knowledge of mental disorders and support.

Methods

Participants who were granted leave of absence were selected through nonprobability, purposive sampling. Data were collected using face-to-face unstructured discussions. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's technique.

Results

Findings revealed misconceptions versus insight on the cause of mental disorders, knowledge deficit on the effect of treatment, poor support from family members, financial challenges perceived as a source of poor support, and lack of psychological support and its consequences. Mental healthcare consumers verbalized limited support from family members. They reported variation in terms of family members' knowledge of their mental condition.

Conclusion

Training family members on mental health illness is critical to the future of health care as there will be no misunderstanding between them and the consumers of mental health care. Healthcare consumers’ feelings of sadness and anxiety could be avoided by avoiding conflicts over their social grants. The government should invest in assisting family members of mental healthcare consumers.
Exploring the Association Between Behavioural Modification in Response to the Prevailing Economic Crisis and Mental Health Outcomes of Nurses from Teaching Hospitals, Sri Lanka
Authors: Senevirathne C.P , Senarathne L. , Fernando M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The nursing profession is a cornerstone in the healthcare workforce. Yet, it remains vulnerable to severe mental health challenges, stemming from a complex interplay of social and occupational factors. It is evident that crisis situations have profound influence on the mental-wellbeing of nurses.

Objective

To explore the association between behavioural modification in response to the prevailing economic crisis and mental health outcomes of nurses from teaching hospitals, Sri Lanka.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing professionals ( n = 261) who are employed in distinct teaching hospitals ( n = 7) in Sri Lanka. Considering the bed-capacity of each hospital, participants were purposively selected and invited to complete an online-based self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic characteristics and lifestyle modifications to deal with the economic crisis, while Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) a set of three self-reported scales to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress, was used. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 version, Descriptive analysis was performed to present frequencies of both demographic characteristics and lifestyle and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while the Chi-square test was used to determine the association between selected independent variables and mental health outcomes. A multivariate regression model was performed to determine the predictors of mental health outcomes of the study participants.

Results

There were a total of 261 participants, 86.2% were married, and 66.2% had children. The proportion of mild to extreme depression, anxiety, and stress were 58.2%, 65.9%, and 72.0% respectively. In response to the economic challenges, 91.6% of study participants reported reducing expenditures on general household needs, while the proportion of participants who curtailed spending on food, monthly savings, and entertainment were 75.9%, 79.3%, and 73.6% respectively. Notably, 81.6% of participants initiated the process of applying for overseas employment, and 50.6% pursued academic programs to be eligible for foreign placements.

Conclusion

The present study observed a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress among nurses from teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka. It was noted that nurses had taken steps to respond to financial strain by reducing essential elements of their routine. Additionally, study participants chose to seek foreign placements as a solution to the economic burden, as a result just over half of the respondents completed an academic program in order to be qualified for jobs abroad. Further, these initiatives are significantly associated with negative emotional disorders of the participants. Therefore, interventions should be implemented to promote positive mental health outcomes of nursing professionals in Sri Lanka.
Designing an Interdisciplinary Health Course: A Qualitative Study of Undergraduate Students’ Experience of Interdisciplinary Curriculum Design and Learning Experiences
Authors: Mirbahai Leda , Noordali Farhan , Nolan Helen
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES

Research into interdisciplinary education, where concrete examples and empirical evidence of interdisciplinary teaching is explored, is limited. Furthermore, there are no standardized guidelines on best practices for designing and implementing an interdisciplinary curriculum. Recently, in healthcare settings there has been a drive to adopt interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary practices, creating a need for training individuals capable of working across discipline-specific boundaries, or to even adopt a transdisciplinary practice. This is partially attributed to recognizing that local and global complex health challenges are interlinked and share common factors and often require a new integrated approach to management. In response, a new interdisciplinary course using a modified snowflake model of interdisciplinary course design was launched at a medical school. The course aimed to provide a broad foundation for lifelong learning with a strong emphasis on the development of knowledge, skills, and professional values essential for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary practice in applied health promotion for individuals and society.

METHODS

A semi-structured focus group with students ( n = 15% of the inaugural cohort) having completed at least 1 year of the course was undertaken to investigate student perspectives on best approaches for the development and delivery of interdisciplinary learning and teaching.

RESULTS

Results highlighted the importance of providing training and opportunity for students to practice integration within the curriculum. Additionally, it was noted that including a module to introduce students to different disciplines and guiding students to explore their inherent interconnectedness is essential in helping them develop interdisciplinary thinking and skills. Crucially, the role of integrated assessments was also recognized as fundamental for demonstrating and practicing interdisciplinarity.

CONCLUSION

Overall, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations for educators with the objective of developing interdisciplinary learning in new or existing higher education courses or those seeking to prepare learners for contemporary and emergent societal challenges more generally.
How Evidential Pluralism Can Help Clarify the Nature of the Relationship Between Unemployment and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Saridakis George
Published: August 2024

In line with Shan and Williamson (2023 , Evidential pluralism in the social sciences, Routledge), this article argues that evidential pluralism used in the philosophical enquiry of causation can be employed to examine causal relationships in the business and economics disciplines. We focus on the relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship, which has created heated and inconclusive debate in the economics of entrepreneurship field. Specifically, we suggest that discrepancies in the literature are due to: (a) the failure to fully capture the mechanism of the relationship; and (b) differences in the methodological and data analysis approaches used in existing studies. We therefore argue that if we want to explore the unemployment and entrepreneurship relationship, we need to capture the underlying pathways that bring together different forms of entrepreneurship and unemployment by considering, for example, structural and labour market factors that may alter the strength and/or direction of the relationship. The case study analysis provides strong support for the use of the evidential pluralism in establishing causal links. We argue that methodological diversity and mixed method approaches can be helpful for exploring mechanisms, but they can be somewhat problematic when examining correlation empirically. Here, the use of panel data may allow us to capture the statistical association more accurately than the use of other types of data and econometric modelling. Finally, we argue that exploring the mechanism ahead of the correlation can allow us to learn more about the underlying relationship among the variables, which can then be modelled and captured statistically. In contrast, examining correlation first can lead to misleading results. Overall, the article concludes that evidential pluralism used in the philosophy of causation can help us to understand causal links and establish causal claims for important economic relationships, allowing effective policy to be crafted. To this end, and as discussed in the evidential pluralism literature (see Russo, F., & Williamson, J. 2007 , International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 21[2], 157–170; Shan, Y., & Williamson, J. 2023 , Evidential pluralism in the social sciences, Routledge), evidence of both mechanisms and correlations should be used to support causal hypotheses made in economics and business research. However, we propose that before analysing the correlations, we should conceptually examine the mechanisms.
Entropy generation analysis of mixed-convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic reactive couple stress MWCNT-Ag/C2H6O2 hybrid nanofluid with variable properties in a porous vertical channel
Authors: Mushahary Pungja , Vanengmawia PC , Ontela Surender
Published: August 2024

The paper presents the analysis of the mixed convective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of reactive couple stress hybrid nanofluid with temperature-dependent thermophysical properties in a porous vertical channel. The considered hybrid nanofluid is produced by mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNT) and silver ([Formula: see text]) nanoparticles in base fluid ethylene glycol ([Formula: see text]) considering the base fluid and the nanoparticles in a thermal equilibrium state. The effect of the magnetic field is considered transverse to the channel walls having constant temperatures. The momentum and energy equations that govern the system are defined using the Darcy-Forchheimer model and are non-nondimensionalized applying relevant dimensionless parameters and solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). To analyze the irreversibilities in the system, entropy generation, and the Bejan numbers are defined. Different significant physical parameters arising in the system are considered for the analysis and its effects are scrutinized on the velocity and temperature profiles along with entropy generation. The results show that the velocity and temperature develop in the system with rising variable viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters, and Darcy number whereas it degrades with rising nanoparticle concentration. The rate of entropy generation develops with rising variable viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters and Darcy number whereas it degrades with higher nanoparticles concentration.
Cool colors promote a restorative sidewalk experience: A study on effects of color and pattern design of ground murals on mood states and perceived restorativeness using 2D street view images
Authors: Gu Lanqing , Dimitrov-Discher Annika , Knöll Martin , Roe Jenny
Published: August 2024

Ground murals have been increasingly applied as a tactical urban design strategy to improve place quality. However, limited research has explored how ground mural design may impact mental health. This study applied a 3 × 2 × 2 mixed design to explore how design features of sidewalk ground murals, specifically color (warm, cool, or achromatic) and pattern (rectilinear or curvilinear), influence mood states and perceived restorativeness of stressed or non-stressed individuals. Students ( n = 112) were assigned into two groups, one with stress induction and the other without. They were asked to view images showing six design conditions and the uncolored condition. For each condition, mood states, including pleasure level, energetic arousal, and relaxation, were assessed using statements, along with perceived restorativeness as measured by the Perceived Restorativeness Scale—short version. The results reveal that presence of sidewalk murals improved mood states, including hedonic tone and energetic arousal, and perceived restorativeness compared to the uncolored sidewalk. Cool colors had the strongest effects in promoting a restorative experience, particularly for stressed subgroup. Warm colors significantly reduced relaxation across all participants and were perceived as less restorative for stressed individuals. Achromatic colors reduced energetic arousal and were perceived as the least restorative across all participants. Pattern features did not contribute to mood enhancement, but curvilinear patterns were perceived as more restorative than rectilinear patterns. This study provides empirical evidence to support urban public space design aiming to benefit mental health through ground murals with a more systematic color and pattern use.
Dysregulated lipid metabolism and intervertebral disc degeneration: the important role of ox-LDL/LOX-1 in endplate chondrocyte senescence and calcification
Authors: Bing Tan , Shanlin Xiang , Jisheng Wang , Jie Hao , Ruichao Cao , Zhiwei Zhang , Bin Yu , Zhaoxin Ma , Zhenming Hu , Nian Zhou
Published: August 2024

Background

Lipid metabolism disorders are associated with degeneration of multiple tissues and organs, but the mechanism of crosstalk between lipid metabolism disorder and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has not been fully elucidated. In this study we aim to investigate the regulatory mechanism of abnormal signal of lipid metabolism disorder on intervertebral disc endplate chondrocyte (EPC) senescence and calcification.

Methods

Human intervertebral disc cartilage endplate tissue, cell model and rat hyperlipemia model were performed in this study. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to human EPC tissue detection. TMT-labelled quantitative proteomics was used to detect differential proteins, and MRI, micro-CT, safranin green staining and immunofluorescence were performed to observe the morphology and degeneration of rat tail intervertebral discs. Flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and western blot were performed to detect the expression of EPC cell senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, calcification-related proteins and the activation of cell senescence-related signaling pathways.

Results

Our study found that the highly expressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in human degenerative EPC was associated with hyperlipidemia (HLP). TMT-labelled quantitative proteomics revealed enriched pathways such as cell cycle regulation, endochondral bone morphogenesis and inflammation. The rat model revealed that HLP could induce ox-LDL, LOX-1, senescence and calcification markers high expression in EPC. Moreover, we demonstrated that ox-LDL-induced EPCs senescence and calcification were dependent on the LOX-1 receptor, and the ROS/P38-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway was implicated in the regulation of senescence induced by ox-LDL/LOX-1 in cell model.

Conclusions

So our study revealed that ox-LDL/LOX-1-induced EPCs senescence and calcification through ROS/P38-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, providing information on understanding the link between lipid metabolism disorders and IDD.
Repeated complete atrioventricular block during remifentanil administration in a pediatric patient with brain tumor and acute hydrocephalus: a case report
Authors: Ura Akihiro , Fujii Keisuke , Tanioku Tadashi , Kawamata Tomoyuki
Published: August 2024

Background

Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting µ-opioid receptor agonist, is commonly used for anesthetic management due to excellent adjustability. Remifentanil is known to cause sinus bradycardia, however, because it has a direct negative chronotropic effect on the cardiac conduction system and there is an indirect negative chronotropic effect via the parasympathetic nervous system.

Case presentation

An 8-year-old Japanese boy was diagnosed with acute hydrocephalus due to a brain tumor in the fourth ventricle and underwent emergency surgery. Imaging examination showed brainstem compression. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery were scheduled. Remifentanil was started during induction of general anesthesia, but electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia, then Wenckebach-type atrioventricular block, and then complete atrioventricular block. Remifentanil was immediately discontinued, and we administered atropine sulfate. Complete atrioventricular block was restored to sinus rhythm. When remifentanil was restarted, however, the electrocardiogram again showed sinus bradycardia, Wenckebach-type atrioventricular block, and then complete atrioventricular block. Remifentanil was again immediately discontinued, we administered adrenaline, and then complete atrioventricular block was restored to sinus rhythm. Fentanyl was used instead of remifentanil with continuous infusion of dopamine. There has since been no further occurrence of complete atrioventricular block.

Conclusions

This is the first known case of complete atrioventricular block in a pediatric patient with increased intracranial pressure seemingly caused by administration of remifentanil.
Development of a short-term prognostic model for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhang Jingxiao , Li Yatong , Liu Lei , Dai Feifei , Peng Yujing , Ma Qiuying , Li Lin , Hong Yu , Liu Aihua , Zhang Xinghu , Wang Xiaohui , He Junying , Bu Hui , Guo Yanjun , Jiang Hanqiu , Cui Shilei , Sun Houliang , Wang Jiawei
Published: August 2024

Background

Recognizing the predictors of poor short-term prognosis after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is essential for individualized treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to ascertain the factors that forecast short-term prognosis in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, develop a prognostic prediction model, and authenticate its efficacy in an external validation cohort. Further, all patients were followed-up long-term to assess the factors of long-term outcome and relapses.

Methods

A prospective enrollment of patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was conducted across five clinical centers in China from June 2014 to Mar 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into the derivation and validation sets based on enrollment time. The short-term prognostic model was visualized using a nomogram. Further, all patients were followed-up long-term to assess the factors of long-term outcome.

Results

This study found that poor short-term prognosis was a risk factor for poor long-term outcome (6-month prognosis, OR 29.792, 95%CI 6.507-136.398, p < 0.001; 12-month prognosis, OR 15.756, 95%CI 3.384–73.075, p < 0.001; 24-month prognosis, OR 5.500, 95%CI 1.045–28.955, p = 0.044). Abnormal behavior or cognitive dysfunction (OR 8.57, 95%CI 1.48–49.79, p = 0.017), consciousness impairment (OR19.32, 95%CI 3.03-123.09, p = 0.002), autonomic dysfunction or central hypoventilation (OR 5.66, 95%CI 1.25–25.75, p = 0.025), CSF pleocytosis (OR 4.33, 95%CI 1.48–12.65, p = 0.007), abnormal EEG (OR 5.48, 95% CI 1.09–27.54, p = 0.039) were independent predictors for a poor short-term prognosis after first-line immunotherapy. A nomogram that incorporated those factors showed good discrimination and calibration abilities. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prognostic model were 0.866 (95%CI: 0.798–0.934) with a sensitivity of 0.761 and specificity of 0.869.

Conclusion

We established and validated a prognostic model that can provide individual prediction of short-term prognosis after first-line immunotherapy for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. This practical prognostic model may help neurologists to predict the short-term prognosis early and potentially assist in adjusting appropriate treatment timely.
Association of serum homocysteine with vitamin B12 and folate levels in women with pre-eclampsia in a tertiary health care center in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Binod Kumar , Maskey Suvana , Bhattarai Aseem , Pradhananga Salina , Shakya Sabina , Regmi Astha
Published: August 2024

Background

Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome that chiefly includes the development of new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Nepal. Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a cause of the endothelial dysfunction provoked by oxidative stress in pre-eclampsia. This study was designed to evaluate the association of homocysteine with Vitamin B12 and folate in patients with pre-eclampsia.

Method

An observational cross sectional study was performed in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of TUTH involving seventy two subjects with pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure, urinary protein levels, serum homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and folate levels were compared in both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Concentration of Vitamin B12 and folate were measured using Vitros ECI and homocysteine was measured using CLIA. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Tests were performed with Mann Whitney Test and Spearman’s rank correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

This study showed no significant difference in age and weeks of gestation in both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Mean concentration of homocysteine was higher (13.1 ± 6.4 micromol/L) in severe Pre-eclampsia as compared to mild cases (7.6 ± 2.8 micromol/L). Mean concentration of folate was lower in severe cases (35.4 ± 24.1 micromol/L) when compared with mild cases of pre-eclampsia (57 ± 23.4 micromol/L).

Conclusion

Homocysteine levels were increased in severe Pre-eclampsia when compared with mild pre-eclampsia and this finding can be used to predict and prevent complications in patients with pre-eclampsia.
miR-1915-3p regulates megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation by targeting SOCS4
Authors: Yuan Xin , Liu Pengcong , Xu Lei , Liang Liqing , Dong Qian , Fan Tao , Yue Wen , Qu Mingyi , Pei Xuetao , Xie Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

Background

Proper control of the lineage bias of megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitor cells (MEPs) is of significant importance, the disorder of which will lead to abnormalities in the number and function of platelets and erythrocytes. Unfortunately, the signaling pathways regulating MEP differentiation largely remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-1915-3p in megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation.

Methods

We utilized miRNA mimics and miRNA sponge to alter the expression of miR-1915-3p in megakaryocytic and/or erythroid potential cells; siRNA and overexpression plasmid to change the expression of SOCS4, a potential target of miR-1915-3p. The expression of relevant surface markers was detected by flow cytometry. We scanned for miR-1915-3p target genes by mRNA expression profiling and bioinformatic analysis, and confirmed the targeting by dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot and gain- and lost-of-function studies. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the statistical significance.

Results

In this study, overexpression or knockdown of miR-1915-3p inhibited or promoted erythroid differentiation, respectively. Accordingly, we scanned for miR-1915-3p target genes and confirmed that SOCS4 is one of the direct targets of miR-1915-3p. An attentive examination of the endogenous expression of SOCS4 during megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation suggested the involvement of SOCS4 in erythroid/megakaryocytic lineage determination. SOCS4 knockdown lessened erythroid surface markers expression, as well as improved megakaryocytic differentiation, similar to the effects of miR-1915-3p overexpression. While SOCS4 overexpression resulted in reversed effects. SOCS4 overexpression in miR-1915-3p upregulated cells rescued the effect of miR-1915-3p.

Conclusions

miR-1915-3p acts as a negative regulator of erythropoiesis, and positively in thrombopoiesis. SOCS4 is one of the key mediators of miR-1915-3p during the differentiation of MEPs.
Identifying the essential elements to inform the development of a research agenda for Paramedicine in Ireland: a Delphi Study
Authors: Bowles Kelly-Ann , Batt Alan M. , O’Toole Michelle , Knox Shane , Hemingway Liam , Williams Julia , Williams Brett , Cummins Niamh M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Paramedicine is a dynamic profession which has evolved from a “treat and transport” service into a complex network of health professionals working in a diverse range of clinical roles. Research is challenging in the paramedicine context, and internationally, research capacity and culture has developed slowly. International examples of research agendas and strategies in paramedicine exist, however, research priorities have not previously been identified in Ireland.

Methods

This study was a three round electronic modified Delphi design which aimed to establish the key aspects of the research priorities via end-user consensus. Participants included interested stakeholders involved in prehospital care or research in Ireland. The first round questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions with results coded and developed into themes for the closed-ended questions used in the second and third round questionnaires. A consensus level of 70% was set a priori for second and third rounds.

Results

Research Priorities that reached consensus included Staff Wellbeing, Education and Professionalism and Acute Medical Conditions. Respondents indicated that these three areas should be a priority in the next 2 years. Education, Staffing and Leadership were imperative Key Resources that required change. Education was a Key Processes change deemed imperative to allow the future research to occur. Outcomes that should be included in the future research strategy were Patient Outcomes, Practitioner Development, Practitioner Wellbeing, Alternate Pathways, Evidence-based Practice and Staff Satisfaction.

Conclusion

The results of this study are similar to previously published international studies, with some key differences. There was a greater emphasis on Education and Practitioner Wellbeing with the latter possibly attributed to the timing of the research in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The disseminated findings of this study should inform sustainable funding models to aid the development of paramedicine research in Ireland.
A scoping review on best practices of antibiotic resistance control in the private health sector and a case study in Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Linh Thi Ngoc , Do An Dang , Nguyen Minh Hai , Nguyen Giang Huong , Van Tran Giang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern that threatens the efficacy of antibiotics and compromises the treatment of infectious diseases. The private health sector, including private hospitals, private clinics, private doctors, and private drug stores, play crucial roles in accessing antibiotics at the primary health care level, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), however, it also brings high risks of AMR to communities, for example, non-prescriptive antibiotic sales. In Vietnam, AMR is highly prevalent  due to the inappropriate use or overuse of antibiotics in clinical settings and in the community. This study aimed to assess the regulatory framework governing antibiotic resistance in Vietnam’s private health sector by examining international and national successful strategies and approaches to control AMR in the private health sector.

Methods

The literature search was used to gather international experiences and official Vietnamese documents related to AMR control in the private health sector. Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane were utilized as the main sources for academic database, meanwhile, Google Search Engine was used as the additional source for grey literature and international guidelines and reports. The methodological framework of the scoping review was based on Arksey and O'Malley’s guidelines. The selection criteria were articles and documents pertinent to AMR control, antibiotic use and dispensing regulations in the private health sector.

Results

Analysis from 118 documents (79 of them on international experience) revealed various successful strategies employed by countries worldwide to combat AMR in the private health sector, including the establishment of surveillance networks, antibiotic stewardship programs, interagency task forces, public‒private partnerships, and educational initiatives. Challenges in AMR control policies in Vietnam’s private health sector existed in AMR surveillance, intersectoral coordination, public‒private cooperation, resource allocation, and regulatory enforcement on the sale of antibiotics without prescriptions.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the role of surveillance, medical education, regulatory enforcement in antibiotic prescription and sales, and public‒private partnerships in promoting rational antibiotic use and reducing the burden of AMR in the private health sector. Addressing AMR in Vietnam’s private health services requires a multifaceted approach that includes regulatory enforcement, surveillance, and educational initiatives for private health providers and communities.
Database-assisted screening of autism spectrum disorder related gene set
Authors: Kereszturi Éva
Published: August 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social and communication difficulties, along with repetitive behaviors. While genetic factors play a significant role in ASD, the precise genetic landscape remains complex and not fully understood, particularly in non-syndromic cases. The study performed an in silico comparison of three genetic databases. ClinVar, SFARI Gene, and AutDB were utilized to identify relevant gene subset and genetic variations associated with non-syndromic ASD. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were conducted to elucidate the biological significance of the identified genes. The integrity of ASD-related gene subset and the distribution of their variations were statistically assessed. A subset of twenty overlapping genes potentially specific for non-syndromic ASD was identified. GSEA revealed enrichment of biological processes related to neuronal development and differentiation, synaptic function, and social skills, highlighting their importance in ASD pathogenesis. PPI network analysis demonstrated functional relationships among the identified genes. Analysis of genetic variations showed predominance of rare variants and database-specific distribution patterns. The results provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of ASD and outline the genes and biological processes involved in the condition, while taking into account that the study relied exclusively on in silico analyses, which may be subject to biases inherent to database methodologies. Further research incorporating multi-omics data and experimental validation is warranted to enhance our understanding of non-syndromic ASD genetics and facilitate the development of targeted research, interventions and therapies.
The interplay between maternal employment dynamics and trends in breastfeeding practices over the past decade
Authors: ÇİÇEK Şeyma , YALÇIN Siddika Songül , ERYURT Mehmet Ali , YALÇIN Suzan
Published: August 2024

Background

Working mothers are in a situation where they have to manage both their job and maternal roles simultaneously. We aim to show the relationship between mothers' breastfeeding behavior and working status, as well as the effect of their working conditions on the continuation of breastfeeding.

Methods

This study examined 3557 (weighted 3490) child-mother pairs from Turkey's Demographic Health Survey data in 2008, 2013, and 2018 with a complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal employment.

Results

In our study, 35.5% of the mothers had never worked, 18.6% were still working, and 45.9% had worked in the past but were not currently working. When breastfeeding percentages were examined based on maternal working status, mothers who worked in 2008 had significantly lower breastfeeding percentages than those who had never worked or had worked previously but not currently. In both 2013 and 2018, after legal regulations, maternal employment didn't affect breastfeeding. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal employment in the industry sector had lower breastfeeding percentages [AOR:0.06 (95% CI: 0.01–0.48)] than those working in agriculture.

Conclusion

It seems that adhering to legal regulations such as paid maternity leave and lactation leave can promote breastfeeding. It is necessary to raise awareness of mothers working in the industry about the continuation of breastfeeding and to monitor their legal rights.
Genomic reproducibility in the bioinformatics era
Authors: Baykal Pelin Icer , Łabaj Paweł Piotr , Markowetz Florian , Schriml Lynn M. , Stekhoven Daniel J. , Mangul Serghei , Beerenwinkel Niko
Published: August 2024

In biomedical research, validating a scientific discovery hinges on the reproducibility of its experimental results. However, in genomics, the definition and implementation of reproducibility remain imprecise. We argue that genomic reproducibility, defined as the ability of bioinformatics tools to maintain consistent results across technical replicates, is essential for advancing scientific knowledge and medical applications. Initially, we examine different interpretations of reproducibility in genomics to clarify terms. Subsequently, we discuss the impact of bioinformatics tools on genomic reproducibility and explore methods for evaluating these tools regarding their effectiveness in ensuring genomic reproducibility. Finally, we recommend best practices to improve genomic reproducibility.
Effects of slow dynamic, fast dynamic, and static stretching on recovery of performance, range of motion, balance, and joint position sense in healthy adults
Authors: Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Hosseini Elham , Heshmati Safoura , Sahebozamani Mansour , Behm David George
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Considering the effects of fatigue on athletic performance and the subsequent increase in the probability of injury, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of slow dynamic, fast dynamic, and static stretching on the recovery of performance, range of motion (ROM), balance, and joint position sense.

Methods

Fifteen collegiate healthy females were involved in four separate sessions of slow dynamic stretching (SDS), fast dynamic stretching (FDS), static stretching (SS), and control condition (CC; without stretching), in a random order with at least 48 h of rest between sessions. After warming up, the individuals performed ROM, balance, joint position sense (JPS) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force as well as countermovement (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) as pre-tests. After performing the knee fatigue protocol of 4 sets of knee extension and flexion at 60% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) to exhaustion (CC; without stretching) or stretching programs (SDS or FDS or SS), the subjects repeated all the tests at post-test 1 (after 5 min) and post-test 2 (after 60 min).

Results

A significantly lower JPS error was detected with SDS while JPS error increased in the SS and control conditions (p < 0.0001). MVIC force significantly increased with SDS and FDS but decreased in control and SS conditions (p < 0.0001). Moreover, a significant decrease in CMJ and SJ height in SS and control conditions was revealed (p < 0.0001). Also, a significant decrease in balance with the control condition was revealed. But only SDS minimized fatigue-induced balance decrements (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the control condition experienced a significant decrease in knee extensor ROM, which contrasted with the significant increase in the quadriceps flexibility with the stretching conditions.

Conclusions

The present results support the idea that SDS may increase quadriceps MVIC force, knee extensor ROM and knee JPS. So according to the present results, it is suggested that the SDS could be implemented and incorporated into a regular recovery program.
Efficacy of lyophilized Lactobacillus sakei as a potential candidate for preventing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella infection
Authors: Tajdozian Hanieh , Seo Hoonhee , Jeong Yoonkyoung , Ghorbanian Fatemeh , Park Chae-eun , Sarafraz Faezeh , Rahim Md Abdur , Lee Youngkyoung , Kim Sukyung , Lee Saebim , Ju Jung-Hyun , Kim Chul-Ho , Song Ho-Yeon
Published: August 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the greatest threats to human health, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Gram-negative bacteria, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), have become a significant concern in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria’s global emergence and spread. Among CRE pathogens, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has recently been reported as a highly infectious strain associated with high mortality and morbidity in adults and immunocompromised patients. Additionally, CRKP-related infections are challenging to treat, as carbapenems are the last resort of antibiotics. Therefore, developing novel drugs with different mechanisms of action from existing drugs is urgently required to defeat this lethal menace. Under such circumstances, probiotics can be therapeutic candidates for inhibiting pathogens. Thus, our research team has been focusing on probiotics for a long time to develop potential anti-CRKP drug agents.

Methods

After extensive efforts, we finally found a novel probiotic strain, Lactobacillus sakei PMC104, suitable for treating CRKP infection. It was isolated from kimchi. As part of our expansion into therapeutic development, we evaluated the L. sakei strain effect against CRKP pathogens in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, we conducted media optimization at food grade and then established a scale-up process on a pilot scale. Subsequently, a lyophilizate was obtained and used in a mouse model infected with CRKP.

Results

Data demonstrated that the L. sakei strain has an inhibitory effect against CRKP infection both in in vitro and in vivo experiments and also increases the level of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice after receiving L. sakei strain treatment for 10 days. Furthermore, treatment with L. sakei powder remarkably diminished body weight loss, mortality, and illness severity in CRKP-infected mice, showing a preventive effect of our PMC 104 against CRKP infection.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic effect of our candidate probiotic strain against CRKP, suggesting that L. sakei PMC 104 could be considered an antimicrobial candidate for treating CRKP infections. However, extensive studies, including additional toxicity tests and clinical trials, are still essential to develop it as a new anti-CRKP therapeutic agent.