bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Melatonin Priming on Seed Germination of Wheat under Salt Stress
Authors: Ismaeil Feisal M. , Ahmed Salah Eldeen E. , Jabereldar Abderhim A. , Ibrahim Elshiekh A. , El-Naim Ahmed M.
Published: October 2022

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been identified as a new growth regulator in plants due to its beneficial effect in abiotic stress reduction. The experiment was conducted at the Wheat Cultivation Department Laboratory, Gezira Scheme, Sudan. To investigate the effects of melatonin priming in alleviating the negative effect of salt stress on seed germination of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Elnilein and Imam). Six concentrations were used: control, salt (300 mM NaCl) and four concentrations of melatonin (M) 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μM with salt (300 mM NaCl) add to each concentration: CT, ST, M1+ST, M2+ST, M3+ST, M4+ST. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The parameters studied included: seed germination rate (%), germination index, mean germination time (d), lengths (cm) and dry weight (mg) of coleoptile and radicle, starch, soluble sugar, and sucrose concentrations, amylase activities, activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) including malondialdehyde (MDA), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and superoxide (O2-) production rate, abscisic acid (ABA). The parameters of seedling establishment were: Shoot height, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root. The treatment M3+ST (500 μM Melatonin + 300 mM NaCl) had the highest seed germination rate, germination index  lengths and dry weights of coleoptile and radicle, soluble sugar, sucrose concentrations, amylase and antioxidant enzymes activities, and ABA concentration, seedling shoot and root length, and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root in Imam and Elnilein cultivars, respectively.

 The study revealed that melatonin priming effectively alleviates salt stress during seed germination and seedling establishment in winter wheat.
Oral health of children with cerebral palsy: assessment of the knowledge of their parents or caregivers / Saúde bucal de crianças com paralisia cerebral: avaliação do conhecimento dos pais ou cuidadores
Authors: Gusson de Camargo Luiz Gustavo , Schroeder Abreu Isabella
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento e a conduta dos pais/cuidadores referente à saúde bucal de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral e seu respectivo cuidado. Método: pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 14 pais/cuidadores de crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral, a maioria mães de crianças do sexo feminino. Resultados: quanto à percepção dos participantes, 42,8% consideravam que a saúde bucal dos seus filhos era regular; em relação à higienização bucal, 57,1% realizavam a escovação dentária três vezes ao dia e 100% não utilizavam o fio dental; 71,4% das crianças realizaram consulta odontológica nos últimos seis meses, e apenas 50% dos participantes tinham conhecimento do que é a cárie dental. Conclusão: a condição da saúde bucal das crianças é precária, por falta de conhecimento e orientação dos cuidadores. Além disso, há carência de profissionais capacitados para atender às demandas desta população.
Permanent education on palliative care for nursing professionals: an integrative literature review / Educação permanente sobre cuidados paliativos para profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: De Magalhães Barbosa Ana Paula , Do Espírito Santo Fátima Helena
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: identificar na literatura evidências científicas atuais acerca de educação permanente em cuidados paliativos para profissionais de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em seis etapas: 1- definição da questão norteadora; 2- busca na literatura nas bases de dados: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Base de Dados em Enfermagem e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online por meio da combinação dos Descritores português: “Cuidados Paliativos”, “Enfermagem” e “Educação Continuada”; 3- definição das informações a serem extraídas dos estudos; 4- avaliação crítica; 5- interpretação dos resultados; 6- síntese do conteúdo. Resultados: seis artigos selecionados para leitura na íntegra, emergindo duas categorias para discussão. Conclusão: trata-se de uma temática recente, porém em ascensão. Observou-se um número reduzido de estudos, indicando a necessidade de novas pesquisas no campo dos cuidados paliativos e educação permanente nessa área.
Changing beliefs in repressed memory and dissociative amnesia
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Mangiulli Ivan , Riesthuis Paul , Dodier Olivier , Patihis Lawrence
Published: October 2022

In three studies, we examined whether beliefs in repressed memory and dissociative amnesia could be changed. Participants provided agreement ratings to statements related to repressed memory and dissociative amnesia. Then, they received a university course which included education on the science of memory. Following this, participants had to re‐rate the statements. In Study 3, at Times 1 and 2, participants also received a case vignette on a therapy‐induced recovered memory and rated several statements related to this case. Participants who received education on the science of memory were less likely to agree with statements endorsing repressed memory and dissociative amnesia—and participants were more likely to state that the case vignette involved a false memory. Providing education on the science of memory can help people (e.g., legal professionals, people from the general population) to use critical thinking on the topic of repressed memory and dissociative amnesia.
Ulric Neisser's contribution to the study of autobiographical memory accuracy
Authors: Sotgiu Igor
Published: October 2022

Ulric Neisser was the initiator of the contemporary psychology of autobiographical memory, as well as the founder of the ecological approach to human cognition. The present article reviews his empirical and theoretical contributions to an issue which is at the heart of the contemporary debate on autobiographical memory: that is, autobiographical memory accuracy. From the early 1980s to the mid‐1990s, Neisser empirically investigated this topic in a variety of memory research fields including legal testimony, flashbulb memory, and childhood memory. Overall, the empirical studies that Neisser conducted in these fields led him to conceptualize autobiographical memory as a reconstructive process serving the specific goals pursued by the rememberer at a particular time and place, and dynamically varying according to the social context in which autobiographical experiences are recalled. In the conclusions, the author discusses the influence of Neisser's empirical and theoretical work on autobiographical memory accuracy on the current memory literature.
Directed Conformational Switching of a Zinc Finger Analogue Regulates the Mechanosensing and Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Zhao Pengchao , Wang Ziqi , Xie Xian , Jiang Tianshen , Chun‐Him Lai Nathanael , Yang Boguang , Yi Bo , Fu Hao , Zhang Kunyu , Li Gang , Wang Yi , Bian Liming
Published: October 2022

The dynamic conformational changes in the secondary structures of proteins are essential to their functions and can regulate diverse cellular events. Herein we report the design of a synthetic polymer‐based secondary structure analogue of a zinc finger (ZnF) by introducing a zinc coordination motif to overcome the free energy barrier predicted by theoretical calculations and fold‐free polymer chains. The conformational switching between unfolded and folded state of the ZnF analogue can be triggered in situ to drastically manipulate the accessibility of conjugated cell adhesive ligands to the cell membrane receptors, thereby effectively controlling the adhesion, spreading, mechanosensing, and differentiation of stem cells. We believe that emulating the dynamic secondary structures of proteins via rational design of a folded synthetic polymer–cation complex is a promising strategy for developing bioactive materials to mediate desired cellular functions.
Metal‐Ligand Cooperativity to Assemble a Neutral and Terminal Niobium Phosphorus Triple Bond (Nb≡P)
Authors: Senthil Shuruthi , Kwon Seongyeon , Fehn Dominik , Im Hoyoung , Gau Michael R. , Carroll Patrick J. , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Meyer Karsten , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: October 2022

Decarbonylation along with P‐atom transfer from the phosphaethynolate anion, PCO−, to the NbIV complex [(PNP)NbCl2(NtBuAr)] (1) (PNP=N[2‐PiPr2‐4‐methylphenyl]2−; Ar=3,5‐Me2C6H3) results in its coupling with one of the phosphine arms of the pincer ligand to produce a phosphanylidene phosphorane complex [(PNPP)NbCl(NtBuAr)] (2). Reduction of 2 with CoCp*2 cleaves the P−P bond to form the first neutral and terminal phosphido complex of a group 5 transition metal, namely, [(PNP)Nb≡P(NtBuAr)] (3). Theoretical studies have been used to understand both the coupling of the P‐atom and the reductive cleavage of the P−P bond. Reaction of 3 with a two‐electron oxidant such as ethylene sulfide results in a diamagnetic sulfido complex having a P−P coupled ligand, namely [(PNPP)Nb=S(NtBuAr)] (4).
Ionic liquid functionalized Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles: A magnetically separable Brønsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of polythioamides
Authors: Singh Anoop , Singh Narinder , Kaur Navneet
Published: October 2022

In these days, development of multicomponent‐based polymerization is gaining much attraction. Keeping this point in view, we synthesized fluorescent conjugated and nonconjugated polythioamide in one‐pot using dialdehyde, diamines, and elemental sulfur in presence of IL1–IL2@Fe3O4NPs as catalyst via Willgerodt–Kindler reaction. Herein, ionic liquid‐coated over magnetized iron nanoparticles heterogenous catalyst were synthesized. Catalyst was characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Polymerization of multicomponent reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of catalyst at ambient temperature with excellent yield. As magnetic catalyst recovered easily from the reaction mixture, this method shows excessive potential for efficient polymerization approach toward structurally diversified polythioamides. By the development of new magnetic catalyst, we overawed the limitations of multicomponent polymerization such as the poor solubility of polymer, low molecular weight, stoichiometric balance, easy removal of catalyst, and complicated workup. The prepared polythioamides were characterized with 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Effects of residual resistance factor in the mobility control of the polymer flooding
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhu Shijie , Shu Zheng , Shi Leiting
Published: October 2022

To broaden the application of the polymer flooding in complex reservoirs, the residual resistance factor (RRF) is sought to make up for the limitations of high‐viscosity polymer flooding. First, the polymer solution rheology, adsorption and retention behaviors were mathematically characterized, and subsequently substituted into the equation of motion of the aqueous phase to build a mathematical model of the polymer flooding percolation. Second, based on the built numerical model, the formation process of seepage resistance and pressure propagation characteristics of polymers with a high RRF in the porous media were investigated. Lastly, the effects arising from viscosity and RRF on the flow control of the polymer flooding were explored by comparing the injection capacity, crude oil utilization and profile control capacity of different permeable formations at different development stages. As revealed by the results, the RRF was found to be more favorable than the “viscosity” parameter in improving the injection capacity at the polymer flooding stage. Moreover, it was found to slow down the water‐cut increase at the subsequent water flooding stage and reduce the difference between the oil recovery rate and injection pressure at different stages. Furthermore, the viscosity was primarily adopted to facilitate oil recovery of medium and high‐permeability formations by increasing the oil replacement efficiency, while the RRF was primarily dependent on the regulation of interlayer water absorption differences, thus mobilizing the remaining oil under the low‐permeability formations.
Effects of ambient pressure on structural characteristics of polyacrylonitrile pre‐oxidized fibers
Authors: Shen Zheyu , Lan Zecheng , Wang Yu , Xu Lianghua
Published: October 2022

During the pre‐oxidation process, skin‐core structure is easily formed in the fibers due to the competitive mechanism of oxygen capture and oxygen diffusion, which would degrade the tensile properties of the resulting carbon fibers. To prepare high‐performance carbon fibers, it is vital to optimize the radial structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) pre‐oxidized fibers. Methods commonly used to solve the skin‐core structure would result in low productivity and comprehensive performance. Here, we examine the effects of pressure on the chemical structure and the evolution of radial structure in PAN pre‐oxidized fibers under 225°C in the air, by using 13C Solid‐state NMR analysis (13C‐NMR), Optical density test (OD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). It was found out that under the positive pressure of 30 kPa, the reaction area expands to the core of the fibers with the shell thickness increasing from 88.11% under normal pressure to 98.67%, and the radial structure homogeneity is effectively improved. As the pressure increases above 22 kPa, oxygen diffusion is accelerated, allowing for breaking the barrier of the fiber surface capture and promoting the oxygen catalytic cyclization reaction in the core. Consequently, PAN pre‐oxidized fibers prepared under positive pressure have a more uniform radial structures and higher thermal stability. The carbonization yield at 800°C of the fibers prepared at 30 kPa is 13.10% higher than that of the fibers prepared at atmospheric pressure.
An NMR relaxation study of magnesium borohydride in solid
Authors: Kim Chul
Published: October 2022

The spin–lattice relaxation phenomenon is a good tool for obtaining the thermodynamical parameters of solid metal borohydrides. In the process of deriving the motional parameters from the NMR experimental data, it is very important to adequately interpret the spin–lattice relaxation data. By more precisely considering the quadrupolar interaction of 11B and intermolecular 1H‐1H dipole–dipole interactions, the activation energies and correlation times of the rotational motions of BH4 group in solid magnesium borohydride could be more accurately determined, and the spin–lattice relaxation phenomenon of the quadrupolar nucleus could be more appropriately understood.
Highly Efficient Catalysts of AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on 3D Ordered Macroporous Al2O3 for Soot Combustion
Authors: Li Renjie , Jin Baofang , Ma Teng , Liang Yutai , Wei Yuechang , Yu Xuehua , Li Jianmei , Liu Jian , Zhao Zhen
Published: October 2022

The catalysts of Au−Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with different Au/Pd ratios supported on 3DOM Al2O3 were synthesized by micropores‐diffused reduction (MDR) method. Compared with supported monometallic Au or Pd catalysts, supported bimetallic Au−Pd nanoparticle catalysts, especially Au2‐Pd2/3DOM Al2O3, show higher catalytic activity for soot combustion due to good synergetic effects between gold and palladium. Au/Pd ratio has a significant influence on the chemical states and size of bimetallic nanoparticles. The co‐presence of Au is favorable for the formation of metallic Pd instead of PdO. And the size of Au−Pd bimetallic nanoparticles gradually decreases with increasing Au/Pd ratio. The effect of water in the reaction atmosphere and SO2‐presulfurization of the catalyst on the activity is also studied. It is unexpected that Au2‐Pd2/3DOM Al2O3 catalysts with SO2‐presulfurization has higher catalytic activity than the fresh catalysts. The increased activity is related to the formed surface aluminum sulfate and enhanced acidity.
Case reports of large and symptomatic abdominal tumors in newborns: Pitfalls, difficulties in management, and surgical decision making
Authors: Laconi Francesco , Bischoff Charline , Michelet Daphne , Loron Gauthier , Bednarek Nathalie , Poli‐Merol Marie‐Laurence , Pons Maguelonne , Boudaoud Nadia
Published: October 2022

Background

Large and rapidly growing abdominal tumors may result in fatal outcomes in newborns. In some cases, a rapidly worsening clinical condition requires surgical decision‐making despite the absence of a precise histological diagnosis. In these situations, there is neither a guide nor consensus.

Case

We highlight our experience with five patients with large abdominal tumors and assess the available literature for the best possible management of a rare condition.

Conclusion

In these cases, laparostomy should be considered as a life‐saving procedure. If the liver is involved and coagulopathy is present, prognosis is often compromised.
Exploring the Potential of Multinuclear Solid‐State 1H, 13C, and 35Cl Magnetic Resonance To Characterize Static and Dynamic Disorder in Pharmaceutical Hydrochlorides
Authors: Szell Patrick M. J. , Rehman Zainab , Tatman Ben P. , Hughes Leslie P. , Blade Helen , Brown Steven P.
Published: October 2022

Crystallographic disorder, whether static or dynamic, can be detrimental to the physical and chemical stability, ease of crystallization and dissolution rate of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Disorder can result in a loss of manufacturing control leading to batch‐to‐batch variability and can lengthen the process of structural characterization. The range of NMR active nuclei makes solid‐state NMR a unique technique for gaining nucleus‐specific information about crystallographic disorder. Here, we explore the use of high‐field 35Cl solid‐state NMR at 23.5 T to characterize both static and dynamic crystallographic disorder: specifically, dynamic disorder occurring in duloxetine hydrochloride (1), static disorder in promethazine hydrochloride (2), and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (3). In all structures, the presence of crystallographic disorder was confirmed by 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and supported by GIPAW‐DFT calculations, and in the case of 3, 1H solid‐state NMR provided additional confirmation. Applying 35Cl solid‐state NMR to these compounds, we show that higher magnetic fields are beneficial for resolving the crystallographic disorder in 1 and 3, while broad spectral features were observed in 2 even at higher fields. Combining the data obtained from 1H, 13C, and 35Cl NMR, we show that 3 exhibits a unique case of disorder involving the +N−H hydrogen positions of the piperazinium ring, driving the chloride anions to occupy three distinct sites.
Preparation of Iron‐Doped Carbon Dots and Their Application in Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Dang Yong‐Qiang , Li Boni , Feng Xiangyu , Jia Jia , Li Keke , Zhang Yating
Published: October 2022

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction technology is considered a promising approach to alleviate greenhouse gas emissions in the earth's atmosphere. Carbon dots (CDs), which possess good optical properties, are of keen interest in the field of photocatalysis. Iron (Fe), a transition metal element with vacant 3d orbital that contributes to the electron‐transfer process, is a promising metal dopant for CDs that allows for the preparation of multifunctional CDs. Fe‐doped carbon dots (Fe−CDs) were synthesized using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA‐2Na) and ferric chloride (FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O) through a simple one‐step hydrothermal method. The chemical structure of the obtained Fe−CDs was studied, and their activity for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2was tested. The results show that Fe doping amount of 13.0 wt.% is the most favorable for the photocatalytic reaction. The maximum photocatalytic reduction of CO2to methanol reaches 654.28 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1within 6 h, which is about 2.6 times of the methanol yield of CDs, which is attributed to high electron transfer rate of Fe dopant.
Numerical modelling of a direct current non‐transferred thermal plasma torch for optimal performance
Authors: Yadav Akash , Karmakar Sujay , Kar Satyananda , Kumar Mayank
Published: October 2022

A laminar steady‐state 2D axisymmetric model of a direct current (DC) thermal plasma torch using a magneto‐hydrodynamic approach has been developed. The model takes into account the entire torch system comprising the plasma gas injection, the inner region of the torch, and the jet exiting into the ambient environment. Numerical results are obtained for two different power inputs chosen from published experimental data. The temperature predictions at the torch exit are found in good agreement with experimental results. Velocity analysis of the plasma jet has been presented and the impact of electromagnetic force on jet velocity is analysed. The Lorentz force arising due to the coupling of fluid motion and electromagnetic forces shoots up the jet velocity to significantly high values near the cathode tip. Temperature and velocity profiles are in good agreement with the characteristics of a long laminar plasma jet. An operating value of heat transfer coefficient (h) has been suggested for optimal torch operation, thus ensuring a low anode erosion rate and acceptable thermal efficiency. The argon torch has the maximum temperature and longest jet length among the plasma gases considered.
Personal comorbidities and their subsequent risks for liver, gallbladder and bile duct cancers
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli , Li Xinjun
Published: October 2022

Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow‐up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers.
Cumulative consumption of tea is associated with lower risk of liver cancer: Updated results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Li Zhuo‐Ying , Tan Yu‐Ting , Liu Da‐Ke , Gao Li‐Feng , Li Hong‐Lan , Xiang Yong‐Bing
Published: October 2022

Prospective epidemiological studies have provided limited evidence for an association between tea consumption and liver cancer risk. Based on a population‐based prospective cohort study in middle‐aged Chinese women, we investigated the association between tea consumption and the risk of primary liver cancer. Detailed information on tea drinking habits and other potential confounders was obtained at the baseline interview. Incident liver cancer cases were identified through record linkage with the population‐based cancer registry and verified through home visits and review of medical charts by medical experts. Multiple aspects of tea drinking habits including starting age, duration, intensity and cumulative consumption of any type of tea and green tea were considered. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from the Cox regression models. After a median follow‐up time of 18.12 (interquartile range = 1.59) years, 253 incident liver cancer cases were identified from 71 841 cohort members. Compared with never tea drinkers, the risk of liver cancer for participants who have consumed over 30 kg of dried tea leaves cumulatively was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32‐0.97). For those who drank green tea only, the aHR was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30‐0.98). This updated study suggested an inverse association between cumulative consumption of tea, especially green tea and the risk of primary liver cancer.
Comprehensive reparative effects of bacteriostatic poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) electrospinning membrane on alveolar bone defects in progressive periodontitis
Authors: Liu Yiming , Zhao Yun , Zhu Wanchun , Han Mei , Mi Fanglin , Wang Bing
Published: October 2022

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of alveolar bone, among several studies focusing on reconstructing periodontal bone caused by periodontitis, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a promising approach. In this study a serial clinically applied antibiotics loaded poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLGA/PLCA) fibrous mesh to prevent and reconstruct defective bone in periodontitis were prepared by electrospinning. Incorporation of antibiotics promoted the hydrophilicity but decreased the crystallinity of PLGA/PLCA membranes. Antibiotics could be sustained released from membranes. Metronidazole, minocycline, and doxycycline incorporated membranes could suppress Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) within 21 days in vitro. Metronidazole and minocycline incorporated membranes decreased 41% and 55.5% colony counts in rat gingival crevicular fluid in vivo. Minocycline‐loaded membrane could support the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and maintained 79% viability of human ligament fibroblasts cultured on it. And MC3T3‐E1 cells could undergo osteoblastic differentiation when cultured with pure PLGA/PLCA membrane and minocycline incorporated membrane. Then in vivo repairable effects of those antibiotics loaded membranes were evaluated in alveolar bone defected P. gingivalis infected model. The application of minocycline loaded membranes, effectively prevented the bone resorption of periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis. After been treated with minocycline incorporated membrane, volume of defected bone of maintained at about 50% level of control rats. 8 weeks post‐operation, newly regenerated bone was observed in the operative alveolar bone of the pure PLGA/PLCA membrane, metronidazole and minocycline incorporated PLGA/PLCA membrane treated groups. Minocycline/PLGA/PLCA electrospinning membrane is a promising GBR material that can be applied to guide regeneration of periodontitis‐induced alveolar bone damage.
Regional citrate anticoagulation vs systemic heparin anticoagulation for double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Teh Swee Ping , Ho Quan Yao , Kee Yi Shern Terence , Thangaraju Sobhana , Tan Ru Yu , Teo Su Hooi , Tan Han Khim , Tan Chieh Suai , Choong Hui Lin Lina , Ng Li Choo , Abdul Rahman Maslinna , Lim Amy Ee Lin , Kaushik Manish
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) has been utilized for immunomodulation in kidney transplantation. Anticoagulation is important to maintain circuit patency during DFPP. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) with systemic heparin anticoagulation during DFPP in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of RCA (RCA‐DFPP) to systemic heparin anticoagulation (Hep‐DFPP) for DFPP among kidney transplant recipients in a single tertiary center.

Results

A total of 112 sessions of DFPP were performed for 23 subjects, of which 62 sessions were RCA‐DFPP and 50 sessions were Hep‐DFPP. There were 13 sessions (11.6%) of premature circuit clotting, 10 sessions (16.1%) for RCA‐DFPP and 3 sessions (6.0%) for Hep‐DFPP (P = .10). All premature circuit clotting episodes occurred in subjects who underwent DFPP through a vascular catheter. Premature circuit clotting was associated with the use of a vascular catheter (odds ratio [OR] 14.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7‐73.7; P < .01) and high postfilter ionized calcium (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.4‐112.5; P < .01). There was no major bleeding event. Hep‐DFPP was associated with higher occurrence of hypocalcemia (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0‐1.2; P < .01) and metabolic acidosis (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2‐2.0; P = .04), while hypomagnesemia was more common for RCA‐DFPP (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1‐7.4; P = .03).

Conclusion

Amongst kidney transplant patients who receive DFPP therapy, RCA‐DFPP may be comparable to Hep‐DFPP for the maintenance of circuit patency. Functioning vascular access is vital in avoiding premature clotting of the circuit. Close monitoring of electrolyte imbalances and coagulopathy related to DFPP is recommended.
Piroxicam: 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin complex as corrosion inhibitor for the aluminum anode in extremely alkaline‐based primary batteries
Authors: Abedini Amin , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa
Published: October 2022

The corrosion inhibitive capabilities of an aluminum anode in 6 M KOH solution at 50°C with single piroxicam: 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex (PIR: HP‐β‐CD) and mixed PIR: HP‐β‐CD + Na2SnO3 additives are investigated using hydrogen gas collection, weight loss measurement, electrochemical tests, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicate that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of PIR: HP‐β‐CD additive is increased to 10 ppm concentration (33%). The PIR: HP‐β‐CD adsorbs on the aluminum surface and impedes the accessibility of water to the surface. On the other hand, using only 0.002 M Na2SnO3 reduced aluminum's anodic dissolution and did not provide sufficient efficiency in inhibiting hydrogen evolution. However, adding 10 PIR: HP‐β‐CD to KOH solution containing 0.002 M Na2SnO3 has created a synergistic effect in corrosion inhibition. The highest electrochemical activity, the lowest hydrogen evolution rate (4.48 ml cm−2 s−1), the highest inhibition efficiency (81.14%), and the highest capacity are attained in the 6 M KOH solution with the mixed additives. Indeed, the 10 ppm PIR: HP‐β‐CD + 0.002 M Na2SnO3 additives could be recommended as an excellent corrosion inhibitor in extremely alkaline electrolytes for the aluminum anode at high current densities.
Prospective registration study of diagnostic yield and sample size in forceps biopsy using a novel device under digital cholangioscopy guidance with macroscopic on‐site evaluation
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Hirose Yoshinobu , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Miyano Akira , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Ueshima Kazuya , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: October 2022

Background

Although the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System can be clinically useful for diagnosing indeterminate biliary stricture, it employs SpyBite forceps, which typically obtain only a small amount of tissue and have a low sampling rate. An improved forceps biopsy device for SpyGlass DS has recently been released (SpyBite MAX). The aim of this prospective registration study was to assess the diagnostic yield and efficacy of histological biopsy tissue obtained with SpyBite MAX forceps compared with SpyBite forceps in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture.

Methods

The primary outcome of the study was the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy specimens obtained by SpyBite MAX forceps. The secondary outcomes were tissue size, number of forceps biopsies, rate of obtaining adequate tissue, and adverse events in the SpyBite MAX forceps group compared with the SpyBite group.

Results

Forceps biopsies using SpyBite MAX (n = 47) and SpyBite (n = 50) were performed successfully in all patients. The number of biopsies performed before visible core tissue was obtained was significantly lower in the SpyBite (mean, 1.5 ± 0.7) than in the SpyBite forceps group (mean, 2.3 ± 1.1 mm; P < .001). Tissue sample size was larger in the SpyBite MAX group (mean, 1.8 ± 1.6 mm2) than in the SpyBite group (mean, 1.0 ± 0.9 mm2; P = .004) but there was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

Improvements in dedicated forceps for biopsy in SpyGlass DS may contribute to improving the rates of adequate tissue and tissue sample size obtained, and to reducing the number of forceps biopsies required.
Suicidal attempt with eliglustat overdose
Authors: Nadler Johannes , Hermanns‐Clausen Maren , Dilger Karin
Published: October 2022

Eliglustat is an orphan medicine used for long‐term treatment of Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) in adults. GD1 is a genetic condition, in which glucosylceramide builds up in the body, typically in liver, spleen, and bone. Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are anemia, tiredness, easy bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain, and fractures. Eliglustat works by blocking glucosylceramide synthase (substrate reduction therapy). This medicine is subject to additional safety monitoring by regulatory authorities in the European Union. Scientific literature on eliglustat overdose is not available. We herein describe successful treatment of a suicidal attempt with massive eliglustat overdose. A 29‐year‐old female with GD1, a poor metabolizer of cytochrome P450 2D6 on a recommended daily dose of 84 mg of eliglustat, had taken 94 capsules of eliglustat (84 mg per capsule). One hour after ingestion of almost 8 g of eliglustat, the patient suffered from somnolence, severe bradycardia (37 bpm), and hypotension (systolic blood pressure of 70 mm Hg). After intravenous administration of atropine (1 mg) and cafedrine/theoadrenaline (100 mg/5 mg) by the called emergency physician, the patient resolved gradually. She remained 24 h with stable hemodynamics at a nearby intensive care unit. During continuous ECG monitoring, increased frequency of supraventricular ectopic activity and a first‐degree atrioventricular block were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on a suicidal attempt with eliglustat.
PL‐101‐WK, a novel tryptophan‐ and lysine‐rich peptide with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Shahraki Parvin Zadeh , Farrokh Parisa
Published: October 2022

Designing short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are active against drug‐resistant bacteria, is a promising way to find new therapeutic agents. In this research, a novel short AMP, PL‐101‐WK, was designed based on PL‐101 (a derivative of plicatamide). Here, the substitution of Phe and His with Trp and Lys was considered. The antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of PL‐101‐WK were compared with PL‐101 by in silico analysis. The antimicrobial activity in the presence or absence of NaCl concentration, thermal stability, hemolytic activity, and selectivity of the peptides were determined. By substitution of Lys and Trp residues, positive charge, in vitro stability, and hydrophilicity of PL‐101‐WK were raised compared to the template. PL‐101‐WK had the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus strains, which showed at least 16‐fold reduction when compared to the values of PL‐101. The MICs of PL‐101‐WK were retained toward S. aureus strains at physiological salt concentration. While PL‐101‐WK did not display acceptable thermal stability, it had desirable selectivity against bacteria. The maximum hemolytic activity of PL‐101‐WK was 1.65% at 512 μg/ml. Taken together, increasing positive charge and the presence of Trp residues were enhanced the potential of antibacterial activity of PL‐101.
Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Dziekiewicz Marcin , Marczak Honorata , Banasiuk Marcin , Aksionchyk Marina , Krenke Katarzyna , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

Background

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare group of respiratory tract disorders. One of the factors suggested to be associated with its etiopathogenesis is microaspiration related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of GERD in children with chILD, with a particular focus on proximal GER episodes.

Methods

This was a prospective cross‐sectional study. Consecutive patients with chILD underwent 24‐h multichannel intraluminal pH‐impedance monitoring. Different types of gastroesophageal reflux episodes (GER) were recorded and compared with regard to the GERD diagnosis.

Results

Sixty‐two children (median age of 1.22 years) were included. GERD was diagnosed in 20 (32.3%) of them. The GERD (+) and GERD (−) subgroups differed mainly in their esophageal exposure to acid content (2.9 vs. 1.0%, p = 0.02) and bolus exposure (3.0 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.0001), as well as total number of GER (72.5 vs. 42.0 p = 0.0004), acid GER (35.5 vs. 15.0 p = 0.004), and acid proximal GER (21.0 vs. 12.0 p = 0.02). There were no differences in the number of proximal GER comparing GERD (+) and GERD (−) subgroups.

Conclusions

The frequency of GERD seems to be relatively high in the population of children with chILD used in this study. However, it has not demonstrated an association between proximal GER and GERD diagnosis in chILD, which casts uncertainty over the microaspiration theory proposed to link the two diseases. The latter conclusion, however, needs to be confirmed using more accurate aspiration assessment methods.
Universal Non‐Invertible Symmetries
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Schäfer‐Nameki Sakura , Wu Jingxiang
Published: October 2022

It is well‐known that gauging a finite 0‐form symmetry in a quantum field theory leads to a dual symmetry generated by topological Wilson line defects. These are described by the representations of the 0‐form symmetry group which form a 1‐category. We argue that for a d‐dimensional quantum field theory the full set of dual symmetries one obtains is in fact much larger and is described by a ‐category, which is formed out of lower‐dimensional topological quantum field theories with the same 0‐form symmetry. We study in detail a 2‐categorical piece of this ‐category described by 2d topological quantum field theories with 0‐form symmetry. We further show that the objects of this 2‐category are the recently discussed 2d condensation defects constructed from higher‐gauging of Wilson lines. Similarly, dual symmetries obtained by gauging any higher‐form or higher‐group symmetry also form a ‐category formed out of lower‐dimensional topological quantum field theories with that higher‐form or higher‐group symmetry. A particularly interesting case is that of the 2‐category of dual symmetries associated to gauging of finite 2‐group symmetries, as it describes non‐invertible symmetries arising from gauging 0‐form symmetries that act on ‐form symmetries. Such non‐invertible symmetries were studied recently in the literature via other methods, and our results not only agree with previous results, but our approach also provides a much simpler way of computing various properties of these non‐invertible symmetries. We describe how our results can be applied to compute non‐invertible symmetries of various classes of gauge theories with continuous disconnected gauge groups in various spacetime dimensions. We also discuss the 2‐category formed by 2d condensation defects in any arbitrary quantum field theory.
Effects of Camellia tea and herbal tea on cardiometabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Xiu Mei , Geng Kang , Jiang Zong Zhe , Yan Pei Yu , Xu Yong
Published: October 2022

Evidence for the anti‐diabetic actions of camellia and herbal tea in diabetic patients has not been summarized. Several data sources were searched for randomized trials assessing the effect of different teas on cardiometabolic risk factors in T2D subjects. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. Results were summarized using mean differences (MDs) based on a random model. Sixteen studies (19 trials, N = 832) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Mean differences were measured for body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, a homeostatic model for insulin resistance, high and low‐density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No effects on total cholesterol and waist circumference were observed when either camellia or herbal tea was consumed. Tea produced moderate regulatory effects on adipose, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. In terms of efficacy, camellia and herbal teas yield different benefits in regulating metabolism. This discovery has some implications for clinical research and drug development. However, more high‐quality trials are needed to improve the certainty of our estimates.
A three‐dimensional positivity‐preserving and conservative multimoment finite‐volume transport model on a cubed‐sphere grid
Authors: Tang Jie , Chen Chungang , Shen Xueshun , Xiao Feng , Li Xingliang
Published: October 2022

A three‐dimensional positivity‐preserving and conservative transport model on a cubed‐sphere grid is presented using a multimoment finite‐volume (MMFV) method. The three‐point fourth‐order MMFV method with boundary gradient switching projection is utilized to ensure nonoscillatory numerical solutions in the horizontal, while the simple and computationally efficient semi‐Lagrangian piecewise rational method is used to allow a large time step in the vertical. By means of horizontal and vertical separation, a Strang‐type splitting technique is adopted to advance the numerical solutions in time. Non‐negative corrections are made to achieve positive‐definite preservation exactly. The resulting transport model is inherently conservative, high‐accuracy, and positive‐definite, and allows a large Courant number no matter how dense the vertical grid is. Various benchmark test cases, including three representative advection tests and an idealized terminator chemistry test, are conducted to validate the performance of the model presented. The numerical results indicate that the model is quite competitive in comparison with the existing models in the literature and looks very promising in real atmospheric simulations.
Finite time adaptive learning for tracking control of constraint nonlinear systems via command filtered output feedback
Authors: Xin Chun , Li Yuan‐Xin , Hou Zhongsheng
Published: October 2022

This article is concerned with the adaptive learning finite‐time output feedback control design for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems involving full state constraints. First, a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states and the radial basis function neural networks are used to identify unknown functions in the system. Then based on the state observer, we develop an adaptive learning finite‐time output feedback controller by combining the command filtered technique and error‐tracking method. In addition, the “explosion of complexity” problem can be avoided and the filtered errors caused by dynamic surface control can be compensated by the newly proposed command filter control. By constructing a novel log‐type barrier Lyapunov function, it can be guaranteed that the full state constraints are not violated and all the variables in the controlled systems are bounded in finite time. Finally, two simulation examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The Photophysics of Nucleic Acids: Consequences for the Emergence of Life
Authors: Kufner Corinna L. , Bucher Dominik B. , Sasselov Dimitar D.
Published: October 2022

Absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation can trigger a variety of photophysical and photochemical reactions in nucleic acids. In the prebiotic era, on the surface of the early Earth, UV light could have played a major role in the selection of the building blocks of life via a balance between synthetic and destructive pathways. As nucleic acid monomers assembled into polymers, their survival and facility for non‐enzymatic replication hinged on their photostability and the ability for self‐repair of lesions, e. g., by UV‐induced charge transfer. Such photoprocesses are known to be sequence‐dependent and could have led to an additional prebiotic selection of the genetic sequence pools available to the earliest life forms. This review summarizes the photophysical processes in nucleic acids upon the absorption of a UV photon and their implications for chemical and genetic selection at the emergence of life and the origin of translation.
Artificial virtuous agents in a multi-agent tragedy of the commons
Authors: Stenseke Jakob
Published: October 2022

Although virtue ethics has repeatedly been proposed as a suitable framework for the development of artificial moral agents (AMAs), it has been proven difficult to approach from a computational perspective. In this work, we present the first technical implementation of artificial virtuous agents (AVAs) in moral simulations. First, we review previous conceptual and technical work in artificial virtue ethics and describe a functionalistic path to AVAs based on dispositional virtues, bottom-up learning, and top-down eudaimonic reward. We then provide the details of a technical implementation in a moral simulation based on a tragedy of the commons scenario. The experimental results show how the AVAs learn to tackle cooperation problems while exhibiting core features of their theoretical counterpart, including moral character, dispositional virtues, learning from experience, and the pursuit of eudaimonia. Ultimately, we argue that virtue ethics provides a compelling path toward morally excellent machines and that our work provides an important starting point for such endeavors.