bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um estudo sobre compreensões acerca de complexidade em teses e dissertações brasileiras de educação ambiental que se relacionam com a educação em ciências
Authors: Braga Pereira Brenda , Silva Luciano Fernandes , Dos Santos Janaina Roberta
Published: July 2021

Há um número expressivo e qualificado de trabalhos acadêmicos que tratam das complexidades relacionadas com temas ambientais a partir de discussões que envolvem as áreas da educação ambiental e da educação em ciências. Nesse contexto, investigamos, a partir de teses e dissertações da área da educação ambiental, compreensões sobre a ideia de complexidades relacionada aos discursos que envolvem educação ambiental e educação em ciências. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esse é um trabalho que se articula com pesquisas denominadas de estado da arte. Para a construção do corpus documental utilizamos o banco de teses e dissertações do EArte (Estado da Arte em Educação Ambiental). Selecionamos vinte teses e dissertações para compor o corpus documental dessa investigação. Para a análise desse material utilizamos o procedimento da Análise de Conteúdo. Construímos quatro categorias: “Pensamento Complexo”, “Sistemas Complexos”, “Complexificação” e “Complexidades e Práticas Pedagógicas”. Podemos apontar que a ideia de complexidade é frequentemente sustentada nesses trabalhos a partir das considerações de Enrique Leff, Edgar Morin e Ilya Prigogine. Todavia, as considerações teóricas de Morin predominam nesses trabalhos, indicando uma perspectiva de discutir a complexidade mais pela via da complexificação da realidade e do pensamento do que pela consideração da complexidade inerente aos fenômenos naturais e sociais.
Management of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) through Application of Different Tactics: A Review
Authors:   Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, Ijaz Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Bactrocera zonata is the most destructive pest in tropical and subtropical regions. In this region, it is the most devasting fly, due to its high reproductive potential, mobility, host range, and adaptability to climate. Those countries which are considered as fruit-producing countries lose their international markets due to the quarantine regulations which are imposed to avoid the invasion of a fruit fly. For the management of B. zonata, the use of chemical insecticides against fruit fly is in practice for several decades which originate from environmental imbalance, diseases in humans and animals and develop resistance. Different methods are alternatives to chemical control, grouped into cultural, physical, behavioral, genetic, and biological control. In this review, we summarize all the control measures which can be used singly or in the integrated form with other measures to control the B. zonata.
A Brief Study of Quinoa Role and Its Adaptation towards Salinity and Drought Stress
Authors:   Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Zainab Dua-e- , Zafa Asma , Sohail Sidra , Haider Sharjeel , Rehman Bushra , Shah Muhammad Saqlain , Aslam Muhammad Nauman , Husnain Muhammad Muneer Ull
Published: July 2021

In light of declining freshwater supplies and soil salinization, it is critical to evaluate the ability of halophytic plant species to grow in semi-arid and arid environments, where crop plant production is significantly reduced. Soil salinity is a major agricultural issue in Pakistan, with alt-affected soils alone covering over six million hectares and more than 70% of tube-wells in saline areas pumping out salty water. Quinoa is a crop with seeds having a variety of nutrients in it as well as it’s seed are gluten-free with good agronomic, morphologic and biochemical characteristics and has a great potential to grow under combative climatic conditions; this property of quinoa makes it an excellent crop especially in the countries where adverse climatic conditions exist. It is a pseudo-cereal and is adaptable to different environmental needs, and has a great potential to deal with various abiotic stresses. Quinoa grows well under arid to semi-arid conditions where salinity and drought are common problems. Several studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms used by quinoa to cope with high salt levels in the soil at various stages of plant development, but further research is still needed. Despite several recent researches on quinoa abiotic tension, much detail remains undisclosed. The present review discusses the quinoa adaptation towards salinity and drought stress.
“It’s a fraught subject”: Listening to Evangelical Doctors Talk about Abortion
Authors: Riley Jennifer
Published: July 2021

News coverage, social media and protests alike tend to polarise people’s stances on abortion. Moreover, these also often reveal category slippage between ‘pro-life’ and ‘Christian’ or ‘religious,’ perpetuating the impression that to be religious is to reject abortion. Contrary to both tendencies, this article engages with abortion from a lived religion perspective. It listens to evangelical healthcare practitioners as they talk about their attitudes towards abortion. This reveals a complex picture, their ethical engagement variously taking the form of resistance, neutrality, uncertainty, compartmentalisation, change and situational negotiation, while drawing upon multiple sources of ethical authority, including their own ‘experiential knowledge.’ Having presented these complexities, the article concludes by exploring their implications. First, it considers the value of foregrounding emotion when engaging in lived religion research around ethics and controversial topics. Secondly, it suggests that combining social bioethics with emotional narratives might represent a means of communicating this complexity.
Take a picture of religion: Engaging students in the multisensory study of lived religion
Authors: Sinclair Stefanie , Maiden John
Published: July 2021

This article investigates how different media (including digital photography and sound recordings) can facilitate students’ creative engagement with complex concepts in the study of religion, particularly those associated with a ‘lived religion’ approach. In doing so, it explores possibilities for object-based learning and multisensory learning experiences in Higher Education (see also: Chatterjee et al., 2015; Innovating Pedagogy, 2020; Kelly and Sihite, 2018; Medina, 2009). It adopts a case study approach, focused on the critical evaluation of a range of assessed and unassessed activities that form part of the undergraduate second year (Level 5) Religious Studies course ‘A227 Exploring Religion: Places, Practices, Texts and Experiences’ offered at The Open University (UK). These activities ask students to take photographs and make sound recordings of aspects of religion in their local environment and then share and discuss these with other students on an online platform. The findings of this study are of particular relevance to blended and distance learning settings (including socially distanced settings in the context of the Covid19-pandemic) in Higher Education, where opportunities for object-based, multisensory learning have been especially underexplored. However, they will be of interest to anyone looking for creative ways to engage students in the study of religion.
Quiasmo, carne y naturaleza. Merleau-Ponty y el problema de la medialidad
Authors: Fagioli Nicolás
Published: July 2021

La noción de carne, perteneciente a la última etapa del pensamiento de Merleau-Ponty, ocupa un lugar determinante en las investigaciones especializadas sobre el autor. Sin embargo, en escasas publicaciones se destaca la inmensa influencia de esta última en el pensamiento actual, especialmente en las corrientes posthumanistas y materialistas de la contemporaneidad filosófica. Nos proponemos, en las páginas que siguen, analizar dicha categoría desde el punto de vista de una filosofía de la relación, interpretándola desde la figura de la medialidad o emparentándola a una noción de medio. Para esto, en la primera parte, se dilucidará la noción merleau-pontiana de medio en Fenomenología de la percepción y la postulación de la experiencia como punto de partida. En la segunda, se explicitarán las múltiples dimensiones en las cuales se despliega la noción de carne en la filosofía tardía del autor. Una vez abordados los aspectos epistemológico, fenomenológico y ontológico de la ontología de la carne se analizará su potencial filosófico proyectando los tratamientos a la problemática de la naturaleza, cuestión que consideramos de vital importancia para las reflexiones filosóficas actuales.
La potencia como medio de diferenciación en la inmanencia. Deleuze, lector de Schelling, lectores de Spinoza
Authors: Santaya Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo busca analizar el concepto deleuziano de potencia, trazando una genealogía que lo asocia con la filosofía de Schelling –inspirado, a su vez, en Spinoza–, con la finalidad de mostrar el modo en que dicho concepto puede funcionar como el medio para pensar la multiplicidad de diferenciaciones e individuaciones del Ser en el contexto de la filosofía de la inmanencia. Para ello, reconstruiremos la presencia de Schelling en el concepto de potencia tal como Deleuze lo desarrolla en sus obras de 1968: Diferencia y repetición y Spinoza y el problema de la expresión. A continuación, exponemos las notas principales de ese concepto tal como Schelling lo presenta en las obras mencionadas por Deleuze (particularmente, Lecciones privadas de Stuttgart, de 1810, y Las edades del mundo, de 1815). Finalmente, desarrollamos comparativamente la especificidad de la potencia deleuziana en su doble aspecto: como potencia ideal e intensiva, para mostrar el modo en el cual ella articula el proceso de individuación en la inmanencia.
Entrepreneurship Corner: Implementasi Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa Bidang Kewirausahaan (PKM-K)
Authors: Nugraha Dadan , Maulana Maulana , Irawati Riana , Karlina Dety Amelia , Gardana Gilar
Published: July 2021

Pengabdian ini ditujukan menumbuhkembangkan iklim, budaya, jiwa, dan aktivitas kewirausahaan mahasiswa serta mendorong terciptanya lulusan yang mandiri dan menjadi wirausahawan melaui program-program kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Subjek pengabdian ini yaitu mahasiswa PGSD UPI Kampus Sumedang. Adapun luaran dari pengabdian ini antara lain terwujudnya model pembinaan kewirausahaan yang efektif dalam menumbuhkembangkan iklim, budaya, jiwa, dan aktivitas kewirausahaan mahasiswa baik dari mulai penyusunan proposal, pengajuan proposal, sampai lolos didanai baik oleh kementerian ataupun universitas serta tindak lanjut dari kegiatan kewirausahaan mahasiswa.
Edukasi Penerapan Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 di Dusun Tegalrejo, Kelurahan Begajah, Kecamatan Sukoharjo
Authors: Arninasari Aprilia Nur , Sutrisno Valiant Lukad Perdana
Published: July 2021

Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan  semua perilaku kesehatan yang dilakukan karena kesadaran pribadi sehingga keluarga dan seluruh anggotanya mampu menolong diri sendiri pada bidang kesehatan serta memiliki peran aktif dalam aktivitas masyarakat. Perilaku hidup bersih sehat pada masa pandemi Covid-19 memiliki manfaat yang sangat berpengaruh untuk mengubah kebiasaan hidup yang semakin lebih baik lagi dan dapat melindungi diri agar terhidar dari Covid-19 sehingga dengan adanya edukasi penerapan pola hidup bersih dan sehat dapat menambah pemahaman masyarakat terkait penerapan pola hidup bersih dan sehat seperti menggunakan masker, mencuci tangan, dan penggunaan hand sanitizer. Edukasi ini dilakukan secara langsung dengan membagikan masker dan hand sanitizer serta melalui media cetak seperti mmt maupun pamflet di dekitar RT 01 / RW 04, Desa Begajah dengan tetap mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Edukasi ini dilalukan sebagai program kerja kuliah kerja nyata (KKN) Covid-19.
Tumor-Derived miR-378a-3p-Containing Extracellular Vesicles Promote Osteolysis by Activating a Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 Axis for Bone Metastasis
Authors: Wang Jialin , Du Xinxing , Wang Xiao , Xiao Huixiang , Jing Nan , Xue Wei , Dong Baijun , Gao Wei-Qiang , Fang Yu-Xiang
Published: July 2021

Background
The majority of the deaths of prostate cancer (PCa) are caused by progression to bone metastatic PCa. The importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche has been demonstrated in recent years. However, whether and how tumor-derived EVs interact with bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to release EV-delivered microRNAs to promote osteolysis and to activate pre-metastatic niche formation for PCa bone metastasis remain unclear.
Methods
Bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses were used to screen microRNAs and to identify the elevated expression of miR-378a-3p in both serum-derived EVs from PCa patients and in culture medium-derived EVs from PCa cell lines. Functional assays in vitro and in vivo were performed to investigate the functions of miR-378a-3p during PCa progression. IF staining and Dual-luciferase reporter, co-IP, western blot, RIP and ChIP assays were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism.
Results
We found that EV-mediated release of miR-378a-3p from tumor cells was upregulated in bone-metastatic PCa which keeps a low intracellular concentration of miR-378a-3p, to promote proliferation and the MAOA-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells. In addition, we demonstrated that the enrichment of miR-378a-3p in tumor derived EVs was induced by overexpression of hnRNPA2B1 as a transfer chaperone. After miR-378a-3p-enriched EVs were taken in by BMMs, elevated intracellular concentration of miR-378a-3p promoted osteolytic progression by targeting the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1 pathway. Mechanistically, inhibition of Dyrk1a by miR-378a-3p improved the nuclear translocation of Nfatc1 to promote expression of the downstream target gene Angptl2. As a feedback, increased secretion of Angptl2 into the tumor environment promoted PCa progression.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing EVs play a significant role in promoting prostate cancer bone metastasis by activating a Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis in BMMs to induce osteolytic progression, which implicates that miR-378a-3p may be a potential predictor of metastatic PCa. Moreover, reducing the release of miR-378a-3p-containing EVs or inhibiting the recruitment of miR-378a-3p into tumor-derived EVs might be a potential therapeutic strategy for PCa metastasis.
A Quantitative Analysis of Vocabulary Taught in Japanese EFL Textbooks
Authors: Nakayama Shusaku
Published: July 2021

This research evaluates vocabulary taught in government-approved Japanese EFL textbooks intended for senior high school students in two different ways: by calculating the proportion of high-frequency words in textbooks and by calculating how many types of core high-frequency words are taught in textbooks. To this end, vocabulary words in textbooks are compared to those in the New General Service List (NGSL), which consists of the top 2,801 high-frequency words in general English. Results show that textbooks are largely made up of words in the NGSL at a statistically significant level with larger than 92% lexical coverage; however, textbooks do not sufficiently cover words in the NGSL at a statistically significant level with up to 38%. Overall, research findings indicate that vocabulary words textbooks provide may be what learners frequently come across in the real world, but those words cannot suffice in order for learners to read English texts intended for native speakers. Therefore, language teachers need to give learners additional input of core words through homework or classroom activities to widen their vocabulary size.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Inhibit Proliferation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Rhys Hefin , Ramos Tiago , Ferrari Stefano , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: July 2021

Corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) are a monolayer of hexagonal cells that are responsible for maintaining the function and transparency of the cornea. Damage or dysfunction of CEnCs could lead to blindness. Human CEnCs (HCEnCs) have shown limited proliferative capacity in vivo hence, their maintenance is crucial. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are responsible for inter- and intra-cellular communication, proliferation, cell-differentiation, migration, and many other complex biological processes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EVs (derived from human corneal endothelial cell line – HCEC-12) on corneal endothelial cells. HCEC-12 cells were starved with serum-depleted media for 72 hours. The media was ultracentrifuged at 100,000xg to isolate the EVs. EV counting, characterization, internalization and localization were performed using NanoSight, flow cytometry, Dil labelling and confocal microscopy respectively. HCEC-12 and HCEnCs were cultured with media supplemented with EVs. Extracted EVs showed a homogeneous mixture of exosomes and microvesicles. Cells with EVs decreased the proliferation rate; increased apoptosis and cell size; showed poor wound healing response in vitro and on ex vivo human, porcine, and rabbit CECs. Thirteen miRNAs were found in the EV sample using next generation sequencing. We observed that increased cellular uptake of EVs by CECs limit the proliferative capacity of HCEnCs. These preliminary data may help in understanding the pathology of corneal endothelial dysfunction and provide further insights in the development of future therapeutic treatment options.
Predicting Academic Failure: Estimating Semester Grade Point Average with Data Mining Methods
Authors: Yağcı Mustafa , Olpak Yusuf Ziya
Published: July 2021

This study proposes a new model to analyze the grade point averages (GPAs) in the previous semester using data mining algorithms and to predict the final GPAs that students may receive in the following semesters in three gradually expanding categories (department, faculty, and university). The performances of the Random Forest, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines, and k-Nearest Neighbors algorithms, which are among the data mining algorithms, were calculated and compared to estimate the GPAs of the students at the end of the semester. This study focused on three parameters. The first was to predict academic performance with a single independent variable. The second was to compare the performance indicators of four algorithms. The third was to compare the predictions made in three different categories. All algorithms applied correctly classified the samples at rates varying between 92% and 94%. The proposed model correctly estimated students’ grade point averages at the end of the semester with an average deviation of 0.28 points over a 4 with a single variable. Students with a high risk of failure can be determined in advance by estimating their final grade point averages.
Temperature Reconstructions Using Speleothems
Authors: Meckler A. Nele , Vonhof Hubert , Martínez-García Alfredo
Published: July 2021

Methods for reconstructing past temperatures from speleothems have only recently been developed. Advances in quantitative temperature proxies for speleothems are now allowing critical knowledge gaps to be filled, given the outstanding age control and wide geographical distribution of the speleothem archive. The methods of reconstructing temperatures from speleothems are diverse: they rely on concepts from geochemistry, biology, and physics, and are based on different aspects of speleothems, including water inclusions, calcite, and organic molecules. Combining the different approaches makes temperature reconstructions more robust, affords further insights into the methodologies, and provides constraints on other climate variables.
Cave Decorating with Microbes: Geomicrobiology of Caves
Authors: Jones Daniel S. , Northup Diana E.
Published: July 2021

Microorganisms are important for the formation and biogeochemistry of caves. Some caves are energy-rich systems with abundant organic or inorganic chemical energy inputs that support robust microbial ecosystems, but most are extremely oligotrophic settings with slow-growing microbial communities that rely on limited energy resources. Microorganisms are catalysts for element cycling in subterranean environments and act as agents of mineral precipitation and dissolution. Microbes can contribute to cave formation by producing acids and corroding limestone bedrock, and they can form secondary mineral deposits by catalyzing metal oxidation and inducing carbonate precipitation. We describe the energy sources for microbial life in caves, and we review three situations in which microorganisms may play a direct role in mineral deposition and bedrock corrosion.
AKUNTAN 4.0: RODA PENGGERAK NILAI KEBERLANJUTAN PERUSAHAAN MELALUI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & TECH ANALYTICS PADA ERA DISRUPTIF
Authors: Azzahra Belinda
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Accountants has significant role to achieve corporate sustainability. However, with the advancement of technology, the existence of accountants starts to be questioned. According to a survey conducted by Osborne and Frey in 2013, University of Oxford, accountants has 94% chances to be replaced in the future. Based on these data, accountants are now entering the new era of disruption, which is provable by the existence of artificial intelligence. The future of business and accountants are entering grey area and sustainability is the most vital things to be discussed for now. To challenge the status quo, it is demanded for research about the role of accountant as value driver in digital era. In the future, young accountants must act as catalysts of value for business to ensure that every stakeholder get benefit. Therefore, at least there are five strategies that accountants could prepare, which are: understanding of business acumen, technological savvy, storytelling skill, fundamental data skill, and strategic thinking skill. I believe with these five strategies, accountants profession will still exist and not being the ‘disrupted’ but the ‘disruptor’ of Industrial Revolution 4.0 era.Keywords: accountants, artificial intelligence, corporate sustainability, disruptive era, value-driven ABSTRAK Akuntan memiliki peran penting untuk mencapai keberlanjutan perusahaan. Namun dengan kemajuan teknologi, keberadaan akuntan mulai dipertanyakan. Menurut survei yang dilakukan oleh Osborne dan Frey pada tahun 2013, Universitas Oxford, akuntan memiliki peluang 94% untuk diganti di masa depan. Berdasarkan data tersebut, akuntan kini memasuki era baru disrupsi, yang dibuktikan dengan adanya kecerdasan buatan. Masa depan bisnis dan akuntan memasuki wilayah abu-abu dan keberlanjutan adalah hal yang paling vital untuk dibahas untuk saat ini. Untuk menantang status quo, diperlukan penelitian tentang peran akuntan sebagai value driver di era digital. Di masa depan, akuntan muda harus bertindak sebagai katalis nilai bagi bisnis untuk memastikan bahwa setiap pemangku kepentingan mendapatkan manfaat. Oleh karena itu, setidaknya ada lima strategi yang dapat disiapkan akuntan, yaitu: pemahaman business acumen, technology savvy, storytelling skill, fundamental data skill, dan strategic thinking skill. Saya yakin dengan lima strategi ini, profesi akuntan akan tetap eksis dan bukan menjadi ‘didisrupsi’ melainkan ‘pengganggu’ era Revolusi Industri 4.0.Kata kunci: akuntan, kecerdasan buatan, keberlanjutan perusahaan, era disrupsi, value-driven
MANAJEMEN LABA, PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BEI
Authors: Murni Sofiani , Ayem Sri
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effects of earnings management and disclosure of Corporate Social Responbilty to Sustainability Reporting. Corporate Social Responbilty calculated with a control variable that is leverage, Growth, Roa and Sustainability Reporting projected with sustainability reporting disclosure index with is based on reporting standards Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that the company discloses in annual reports and ongoing reports. The population in this study is all sub-sectors of manufacturing companies in Indonesia stock exchange (BEI). The total sample is 100 companies selected using the purposive sampling method issued annual reports for the period 2014-2018. Data to be tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are: (1) Earnings management has a significant positive effect on sustainability reporting. (2) Leverage positively influences sustainability reporting. (3) Growth growth has a positive effect on sustainability reporting. (4) ROA has a positive effect on sustainability reporting.Keywords: earning management leverage, growth, ROA, sustainability reporting ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh Manajemen Laba dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Sustainability Reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility dihitung dengan variabel control yaitu leverage, growth, ROA dan sustainability reporting diproyeksikan dengan sustainability reporting disclosure index yang didasarkan pada standar pelaporan Global Reporting Intitative (GRI) yang diungkapkan perusahaan dalam laporan tahunan dan laporan berkelanjutan. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua sub sector perusahaan manufaktur di bursa efek Indonesia (BEI).  Total sampel adalah 100 perusahaan yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang mengeluarkan laporan tahunan selama periode tahun 2014-2018. Data untuk diuji dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Manajemen laba berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap sustainability reporting, (2) Leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap sustainability reporting, (3) Growth berpengaruh positif terhadap sustainability reporting. (4) ROA berpengaruh positif terhadap sustainability reporting.Kata kunci: manajemen laba, leverage, growth, ROA, sustainability reporting
Seyyed Hossein Nasr's Teaching on Sufism and Its Relevance to Modern Society
Authors: Abitolkha Amir Maliki
Published: July 2021

This article examines Seyyed Hossein Nasr's teaching on Sufism and its relevance to modern society. The fact is that the paradigm and lifestyle of modern humans are materialism-oriented. Therefore, they experience a spiritual emptiness that causes anxiety. This study applies the literature approach by collecting various related sources. This study found that Seyyed Hossein Nasr's idea of neo-Sufism can be an alternative paradigm for modern people to free themselves from the threat of materialism and hedonism. The Divine spirit of humans will form spiritual power in the human soul to keep the connectivity between the servant and God. Nasr's teaching on Sufism puts forward the concept of balance and moderation between the life in this world and hereafter, between shari'ah and haqeqat, and between individual and social life.
From site-focused intervention towards landscape-scale surface water management using Synthetic Stream Networks and Rapid Scenario Screening
Authors: Webber J. L. , Wigley S. , Paling N. , Kapelan Z. , Fu G.
Published: July 2021

This research addresses the need to transform success in technical understanding and practical implementation of surface water management (SWM) interventions at a site-scale towards integrated landscape-scale management. We achieve this through targeting the informative preliminary stages of strategic design, where broad, early and effective exploration of opportunities can enhance and direct a regional SWM perspective. We present a new method, ‘Synthetic Stream Networks’ (SSN), capable of meeting these requirements by taking advantage of easily accessible data, likely to be available during regional screening. We find that results from the SSN are validated by existing, ‘downstream’ focused data (90% of the river network is within 30 m of an associated SSN flow path), with the added advantage of extending understanding of surface water exceedance flow paths and watersheds into the upper catchment, thus establishing a foundational and physically based sub-catchment management unit exploring surface water connectivity at a catchment and landscape scale. We also demonstrate collaborative advantages of twinning the new SSN method with ‘Rapid Scenario Screening’ (RSS) to develop a novel approach for identifying, exploring and evaluating SWM interventions. Overall, we find that this approach addresses challenges of integrating understanding from sub-catchment, catchment and landscape perspectives within surface water management.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in water and sanitation sectors in India
Authors: Sarkar S. K. , Bharat Girija K.
Published: July 2021

India, with over 1.37 billion population and housing one-sixth of the world's inhabitants, has a significant role to play in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper analyses the policies and programmes of the Government of India, towards the achievement of Targets 6.1 and 6.2 of SDG-6 that focus on safe drinking water and sanitation. The alignment of the policies and programmes is discussed in correlation of the output, outcome, and impacts on these targets of SDG 6. The Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission (SBM) launched in 2014 led the country with more than 98% of households having access to toilets. The Jal Jeevan Mission has the ambitious target of universal coverage of drinking water supply. While these programmes have led to the overall development, a vast scope of improvement in these sectors exists especially considering the growing population, economic activity, urbanisation, and climate change impacts. Analysis also shows that adequate quantitative and qualitative data on the implementation of the various policies and programmes would be instrumental in synergising the implementation of the SDGs. A systems-thinking approach for sustaining the efforts of the ongoing programmes and ensuring equitable benefits of development in the water and sanitation sectors in India is recommended.
Evaluation of the CMIP5 general circulation models for simulating the precipitation and temperature of the Koshi River Basin in Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Pragya , Shrestha Sangam , Sundaram S. Mohana , Virdis Salvatore G. P.
Published: July 2021

This study evaluates the performance of 12 different general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to simulate precipitation and temperature in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal. Four statistical performance indicators: correlation coefficient, normalised root-mean-square deviation (NMRSD), absolute NMRSD, and average absolute relative deviation are considered to evaluate the GCMs using historical observations. Seven different climate indices: consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, cold spell duration index, warm spell duration index, frost days, very wet days, and simple daily intensity index are considered to identify the most suitable models for the basin and future climate impact assessment studies. Weights for each performance indicator are determined using the entropy method, with compromise programming applied to rank the GCMs based on the Euclidian distant technique. The results suggest that CanESM2 and CSIRO-MK3.6.0 are the most suitable for predicting extreme precipitation events, and BCC-CSM 1.1, CanESM2, NorESM1-M, and CNRM-CM5 for extreme temperature events in Himalayan river basins. Overall, IPSL-CM5A-MR, CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, BCC-CSM 1.1, NorESM1-M, and CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 are deemed suitable models for predicting precipitation and temperature in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal.
Leakage localization using pressure sensors and spatial clustering in water distribution systems
Authors: Li Xin , Chu Shipeng , Zhang Tuqiao , Yu Tingchao , Shao Yu
Published: July 2021

Leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) are a worldwide problem, which can result in an intolerable burden in satisfying the water demands of the consumers. There is an urgent demand to develop technologies that can detect and localize the leakage in a timely and efficient manner. The monitoring data of the WDS is a typical time series, and there is a certain spatiotemporal correlation between the data provided by the devices distributed at different locations of the WDS. This paper proposes a novel model-based method for WDS leakage localization. The method is characterized by (1) developing the dominant sensor sequence for each candidate leakage node to improve the localization accuracy based on the spatial correlation analysis; (2) utilizing multiple time steps of the measurements which are temporal varying correlated; (3) ranking leakage regions and nodes by their possibility to contain the true leakage. A realistic WDS is used to evaluate the performance of the method. Results show that the method can accurately and efficiently localize the leakage.
Evaluation of testing procedures for real-scale sewage pipes
Authors: Ulutaş S. , Wichern M. , Bosseler B.
Published: July 2021

Tests to determine the tightness of wastewater pipes can in some cases produce results that are worthy of discussion. Therefore, testing procedures for real-scale sewage pipes used for house connections were evaluated and data were statistically analysed. The results of the investigation showed that leaky pipes are detected with a very high degree of reliability by all leak test methods. The test methods are also robust against errors by expert testers and deviations from the test specifications. In contrast, tight pipelines can also be incorrectly classified as ‘leaking’ (test failed) to a significant extent during leak tests. Even for the more reliable test methods, i.e. air overpressure, air underpressure and water with low test pressure, a tight pipe is incorrectly classified as leaking (false positive) in one out of 10 cases (10%). The highest false-positive rate was 20% for water with high test pressure. In addition to the leak test methods, the quality of the visual inspection was also analysed. Here it was found that visual inspection is not sufficiently reliable for determining the tightness of pipelines above the groundwater level. Error rates of approximately 50% were found for the detection of tight and leaky pipelines.
Extracción de taninos de la corteza de Pinus spp tratada térmicamente – aplicación como adhesivo
Authors: Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes , Chaves Izabella Luzia Silva , Fassarella Michelângelo Vargas , Brito Alice Soares , Silva Émilly Soares Gomes da , López Yonny Martinez , Oliveira Rafael Espósito Gonçalves de
Published: July 2021

Se identificó la influencia del tratamiento térmico en la obtención de compuestos tánicos condensables a partir de residuos de corteza de Pinus spp para la producción de adhesivo. Los tratamientos térmicos fueron: (a) corteza sin tratamiento térmico (testigo); (b) corteza expuesta a 60 °C durante 50 h en seco; (c) corteza expuesta a 120 °C durante 10 h en vapor; (d) corteza adherida al tronco expuesta a 120 °C durante 10 h en vapor. Para su caracterización química, la corteza fue molida y clasificada. Se extrajeron los compuestos tánicos mediante reflujo con agua destilada durante 2 h; se adicionaron sales de carbonato de sodio y sulfito de sodio, ambos a 5% en relación con la masa seca. Para el testigo fueron evaluadas las propiedades del tanino comercial de Acacia mearnsii (acacia negra). El proceso de extracción de taninos fue realizado en autoclave y se evaluaron las siguientes propiedades: viscosidad, pH, tiempo de formación de gel, contenido de sólidos y densidad. Tanto la corteza expuesta a 120 °C durante 10 horas en vapor como la adherida al tronco sometida a 120 °C a vapor durante 10 h, para ambas sales, exhibieron los mayores rendimientos de taninos. Los extractos tánicos obtenidos a partir de carbonato de sodio presentaron una estructura alcalina, alta viscosidad y menor tiempo de formación de gel. Sin embargo, los extractos obtenidos a partir de sulfito de sodio proporcionaron un carácter ácido y contenido de sólidos próximos a los encontrados en los extractos tánicos acuosos obtenido de la acacia negra.
Resistência mecânica e composição química de madeiras amazônicas deterio-radas em ensaios de campo
Authors: Batista Lédio , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Silva Eldalisley dos Santos , Pariz Elisangela
Published: July 2021

Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a resistência mecânica e a composição química das madeiras de Trattinnickia rhoifolia (amescla), Parkia pendula (angelim), Erisma uncinatum (cedro), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira) e Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba) expostas à deterioração em ensaios de campo. Para tanto, amostras de madeira foram parcialmente enterradas em ambientes de campo aberto e floresta, sendo expostas à deterioração durante 360 dias. Os testes foram realizados na cidade de Sinop, estado de Mato Grosso, Região Centro Oeste do Brasil. A cada 60 dias realizou-se a caracterização das madeiras deterioradas por meio de ensaios de flexão estática, para obtenção dos módulos de elasticidade e de ruptura, e de dureza Rockwell. A caracterização química (teores de extrativos, cinzas, lignina, holocelulose e solubilidade em hidróxido de sódio) das madeiras foi realizada antes e depois da exposição aos ensaios de deterioração. As madeiras de itaúba e garapeira apresentaram menores alterações na resistência mecânica e na composição química, em comparação às demais espécies, indicando uma maior durabilidade natural.
Infestación por Cladocolea loniceroides y sus potenciales aves dispersoras de semillas en un área verde urbana de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Martínez-Castruita Ivoon Alejandra , Sandoval-Ortega Manuel Higinio , Arellano-Delgado Moisés , Martínez-Calderón Victor Manuel
Published: July 2021

Los muérdagos verdaderos pertenecen al orden Santalales, que está integrado por 13 familias, entre las que se encuentra Loranthaceae. Muchas de estas plantas hemiparásitas dependen de las aves para la dispersión de sus semillas. Son considerados como una plaga forestal, al grado de que en México se consideran como el segundo agente de destrucción de los bosques. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las especies arbustivas y arbóreas afectadas por el muérdago verdadero Cladocolea loniceroides dentro del Parque Rodolfo Landeros Gallegos, la mayor área verde pública de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, evaluar el grado de infestación de las plantas hospederas e identificar las potenciales aves dispersoras de este muérdago en el sitio. En el área de estudio hay 2343 individuos infestados, pertenecientes a 16 especies de nueve familias. De la población total de las especies hospederas, 56% presentan infestación. Se identificaron cinco especies de aves, pertenecientes a cuatro familias, como potenciales dispersores de semillas de C. loniceroides. Debido a la proporción de individuos infestados, se considera grave el estado fitosanitario de la zona de estudio. Se recomienda sustituir las especies susceptibles a infestación por especies nativas no hospederas de C. loniceroides.
Flora del bosque de encino (Quercus: Fagaceae) de dos barrancas de la ciudad de Puebla, México
Authors: Gutiérrez Pacheco Victor , Silva Gómez Sonia Emilia , Varela Olguín Laura Leonor
Published: July 2021

Las barrancas de la ciudad de Puebla presentan un relicto de bosque de encino (Quercus: Fagaceae) que se encuentra sometido a fuertes presiones humanas. A pesar de la importancia que dicho relicto representa para una urbe carente de zonas arboladas, no existe información sobre su riqueza, diversidad y afinidad geográfica. De ahí los objetivos de este trabajo, inventariar los componentes de la flora vascular, determinar los patrones de distribución geográfica actual de las familias, géneros y especies, así como precisar la riqueza, diversidad y similitud florística de las barrancas El Conde y Malinalli. Se hicieron recorridos de campo y colecta de ejemplares botánicos, uso de los índices de Margalef, de Pielou y de Simpson para estimar los patrones de diversidad alfa y del índice de Similitud de Sorensen para determinar la diversidad beta. Se obtuvo una lista de 105 especies, agrupadas en 81 géneros y 40 familias, y ambas barrancas tienen una diversidad alfa y beta de mediana a alta. Por los servicios ecosistémicos que los espacios arbolados proporcionan a las zonas urbanas, se deberá ahondar en el conocimiento del bosque y ampliar el estudio hacia otras barrancas como un paso hacia su recuperación, remediación, manejo y conservación.
Geofísica para la prospección agrícola y forestal: guía para interpretar imágenes del subsuelo
Authors: Rodríguez-Robles Ulises , Arredondo Moreno J. Tulio
Published: July 2021

La aplicación de técnicas de detección geofísica para mapear el subsuelo de campos agrícolas y forestales se ha acelerado en los últimos años. La obtención de imágenes geofísicas proporciona una alternativa o complemento a los métodos tradicionales para recopilar variables subsuperficiales a lo largo del tiempo y el espacio. Donde anteriormente el estándar era el muestreo de suelos y el análisis de laboratorio para evaluar la condición de un suelo para diversos propósitos, las técnicas de detección in situ están demostrando ser una forma muy efectiva para evaluar la variación de las propiedades del suelo / subsuelo. Este trabajo es una revisión del estado del arte relacionada con las técnicas geofísicas más aplicadas en la detección de las características y propiedades del subsuelo que influyen en la productividad y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas forestales y sistemas agrícolas. En esta revisión se destacan las oportunidades, aplicaciones y retos que presentan las imágenes geofísicas (radargramas y tomogramas) en los campos multidisciplinarios de las biogeociencias. Las dos técnicas de investigación geofísica son muy atractivas para la comunidad científica, pues permiten mapear con precisión el subsuelo, graficar enraizamiento y monitorear contenidos de agua, identificar movimiento de sales y agroquímicos. Los agrónomos, silvicultores y la comunidad científica, podrían beneficiarse de la adopción de estas tecnologías de imágenes escalables y mínimamente invasivas para explorar el subsuelo y avanzar en nuestra investigación colectiva.
Social Media Opinions on Working From Home in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Xiong Ziyu , Li Pin , Lyu Hanjia , Luo Jiebo
Published: July 2021

Background

Since March 2020, companies nationwide have started work from home (WFH) owing to the rapid increase of confirmed COVID-19 cases in an attempt to help prevent the disease from spreading and to rescue the economy from the pandemic. Many organizations have conducted surveys to understand people’s opinions toward WFH. However, the findings are limited owing to a small sample size and the dynamic topics over time.

Objective

This study aims to understand public opinions regarding WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a large-scale social media study using Twitter data to portray different groups of individuals who have positive or negative opinions on WFH. We performed an ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the sentiment about WFH and user characteristics including gender, age, ethnicity, median household income, and population density. To better understand the public opinion, we used latent Dirichlet allocation to extract topics and investigate how tweet contents are related to people’s attitude.

Results

On performing ordinary least squares regression analysis using a large-scale data set of publicly available Twitter posts (n=28,579) regarding WFH during April 10-22, 2020, we found that the sentiment on WFH varies across user characteristics. In particular, women tend to be more positive about WFH (P<.001). People in their 40s are more positive toward WFH than those in other age groups (P<.001). People from high-income areas are more likely to have positive opinions about WFH (P<.001). These nuanced differences are supported by a more fine-grained topic analysis. At a higher level, we found that the most negative sentiment about WFH roughly corresponds to the discussion on government policy. However, people express a more positive sentiment when discussing topics on “remote work or study” and “encouragement.” Furthermore, topic distributions vary across different user groups. Women pay more attention to family activities than men (P<.05). Older people talk more about work and express a more positive sentiment regarding WFH.

Conclusions

This paper presents a large-scale social media–based study to understand the public opinion on WFH in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that this study can contribute to policymaking both at the national and institution or company levels to improve the overall population’s experience with WFH.
University community attitudes to the use of genetic editing
Authors: Velasquez Vasconez Pedro Alexander , Teresa Abregu Olarte Wendy , Fortes Priscila
Published: July 2021

Genetic editing has many applications in all areas of society but it can also have unpredictable consequences. The objective of this research was to study the attitudes of the university community to the use of genetic editing in agricultural, environment, health and improvement of the human species. Students completed an online questionnaire written in three languages such as English, Spanish and Portuguese, which was made available in nine countries. Knowledge of words associated with the genetic editing technique increases with the level of education of the students. Doctoral students showed greater support for genetic editing in humans. There is a high degree of acceptance for genome modification techniques for purposes such as consumption, industry or health (~70%). While it had a great rejection (78%) to the genetic intervention for the improvement of physical or cognitive characteristics. Most student’s express that the government should regulate and invest in research on genetic editing. Most students are optimistic or slightly optimistic about advances in this technology, especially for the benefit of health and the agricultural sector. This research provides an overview of students’ opinion of the genetic editing and serves as a basis for future studies.
Management of Regional Development of Green Tourism Facilities
Authors:   Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Kalchenko Serhei , Karman Serhei ,   Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Arabadzhyiskyi Aleksandr ,   Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the socio-economic aspects of economic activity of the subjects of the green tourism sphere in Ukraine. The socio-economic significance of this sectoral direction has been substantiated to ensure the stable development of regions, in particular, rural communities. Furthermore, the article proves the feasibility of improving methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of family forms of management in the field of green tourism. The necessity of considering the material component of the motivational system of members of a peasant farm for further participation in these projects has been substantiated. Models for organizing a green estate based on a peasant farm have been developed for several marketing strategies. A positive effect has been proven for the socio-economic development of rural households based on the results of the practical implementation of the proposed recommendations.
Interrogation Tactics During the Investigation of Legalization (Laundering) of Profit, Obtained Illegally in the Conditions of Using Virtual Currencies
Authors:   University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Kreminskiy Oleg , Omelchuk Lyubov ,   University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to topical interrogation tactics during the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime. They are using virtual currencies as one of the most common investigative (search) actions. Particular attention is paid to the tactics of questioning witnesses, suspects and the accused. The directions of improving different aspects of interrogation tactics during an investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the conditions of using virtual currencies are offered.