bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission des lésions amyloïdes de la maladie d’Alzheimer : apports des modèles animaux
Authors: Gary Charlotte , Comoy Emmanuel , Dhenain Marc
Published: July 2017

Transmission of amyloid lesions in Alzheimer’s disease : contributing data from animal models.

Since the discovery of the transmissibility of prion diseases, other cerebral proteinopathies have been suspected to harbor similar transmissible properties. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of misfolded β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, forming amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles respectively in the brain. Although available epidemiological data suggest that AD is not transmitted between individuals, suspicion has recently been raised for iatrogenic β-amyloidosis transmission between humans. This suggests that Aβ misfolding and aggregation could occur through seeding and spreading mechanisms, virtually identical to those of prions. Here, we present a review of the literature focusing on the relevance of prion-like misfolding and aggregation mechanisms for Aβ in animal models.
Risk factors for the transmission of infectious diseases agents at the wild birds -commercial birds interface. a pilot study in the region of the altos de Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Valdez-Gomez Hector Enrique , Navarro-Lopez Roberto , Vazquez-Mendoza Laureano Fidelmar , Zalapa-Hernandez Mitzunari , Guerrerro-Hernandez Ignacio , Fonseca-Delgado Victoria , Marquez-Ruiz Miguel Angel , Afonso Claudio L.
Published: July 2017

Facteurs de risque pour la transmission d’agents de maladies infectieuses dans l’interface oiseaux sauvages -oiseaux commerciaux. étude préliminaire dans la région des altos de Jalisco, Mexique.

La région des Altos de Jalisco au Mexique qui se trouve dans la zone centre-occidentale du pays, correspond à la plus grande concentration des fermes avicoles. Ce secteur a été le témoin de l’émergence des virus influenza faiblement pathogène H5N2 et hautement pathogène H7N3. Quatre-vingts points d’évaluation le long d’un couloir de 50 kilomètres ont été réalisés dans cinq environnements écologiques des corps d’eau voisins aux installations productives de volaille. L’enquête, mise en application de l’automne 2014 à l’hiver 2015, a identifié 82 espèces d’oiseaux sauvages où la famille Icteridae a constitué le groupe le plus abondant. Un modèle de théorie des réseaux a fourni une valeur d’interaction parmi les espèces sauvages d’oiseaux dans ces cinq environnements. Les espèces avec les valeurs d’interaction plus hautes ont correspondu au Quiscale à longue queue et à l´Hirondelle rustique permettant de suspecter ces deux espèces en tant que responsables potentiels dans la transmission des agents pathogènes infectieux dans l’interface oiseau sauvages-oiseaux commerciaux dans cette région de Jalisco. Ces interactions permettent de suspecter une corrélation positive avec les facteurs de risque.
Recommended Practice for Developing Specifications for Automotive Thermoplastic Materials
Authors:   Plastics Committee
Published: July 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to establish uniform procedures for developing specifications for automotive thermoplastics. It is intended for use by automotive companies and their suppliers of molded and/ or fabricated parts from thermoplastic materials.
Towards a Bulk Approach of Local Interactions of Hydrometeors
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Spichtinger Peter
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Growth of small cloud droplets and ice crystals is dominated by diffusion of water vapour. Usually, Maxwell's approach of growth for isolated particles is used in describing this process. However, recent investigations show that local interactions between particles can change diffusion properties of cloud particles. In this study we develop an approach for including these local interactions into a bulk model approach. For this purpose, a simplified framework of local interaction is proposed and governing equations are derived from this setup. The new model is tested against direct simulations and incorporated into a parcel model framework. Using the parcel model, possible implications of the new model approach on clouds are investigated. The results indicate that for specific scenarios the lifetime of cloud droplets in subsaturated air may be longer; these effects might have impact on mixed-phase clouds, e.g. in terms of riming efficiencies.
Single-footprint retrievals of temperature, water vapor and cloud properties from AIRS
Authors: Irion Fredrick W. , Kahn Brian H. , Schreier Mathias M. , Fetzer Eric J. , Fishbein Evan , Fu Dejian , Kalmus Peter , Wilson R. Chris , Wong Sun , Yue Qing
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Single-footprint Atmospheric Infrared Sounder spectra are used in an optimal estimation-based algorithm (AIRS-OE) for simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, surface temperature, cloud-top temperature, effective cloud optical depth and effective cloud particle radius. In a departure from currently operational AIRS retrievals (AIRS-V6), cloud scattering and absorption are in the radiative transfer forward model, and Level 1b AIRS thermal infrared data are used directly rather than Level 2 cloud-cleared spectra. Coincident MODIS Level 2 cloud data are used for cloud a priori. Using Level 1b spectra improves the horizontal resolution of the AIRS retrieval from ~ 45 km to ~ 13.5 km at nadir, but as microwave data are not used, retrieval is not made at altitudes below thick clouds. An outline of the AIRS-OE retrieval procedure and information content analysis is presented. Initial comparison of AIRS-OE to AIRS-V6 results show increased horizontal detail in the water vapor and relative humidity fields in the free troposphere above clouds. Comparisions of temperature, water vapor and relative humidity profiles against coincident radiosondes show good agreement. Future improvements to the retrieval algorithm, and to the forward model in particular, are discussed.
Atmospheric QBO and ENSO indices with high vertical resolution from GNSS radio occultation temperature measurements
Authors: Wilhelmsen Hallgeir , Ladstädter Florian , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Steiner Andrea K.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We provide atmospheric temperature variability indices for the tropical troposphere and stratosphere based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) temperature measurements. By exploiting the high vertical resolution and the uniform distribution of the GNSS RO temperature soundings we introduce two approaches, both based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The first method utilizes the whole vertical and horizontal RO temperature field from 30° S to 30° N and from 2 km to 35 km altitude. The resulting indices, the leading principle components, resemble the well-known patterns of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropics. They provide some information on the vertical structure, however, they are not vertically resolved. The second method applies the EOF analysis on each altitude level separately and the resulting indices contain information on the horizontal variability at each densely available altitude level. They capture more variability than the indices from the first method and present a mixture of all variability modes contributing at the respective altitude level, including the QBO and ENSO. Compared to commonly used variability indices from QBO winds or ENSO sea surface temperature, these new indices cover the vertical details of the atmospheric variability. Using them as proxies for temperature variability is also of advantage because there is no further need to account for response time lags. Atmospheric variability indices as novel products from RO are expected to be of high benefit for studies on atmospheric dynamics and variability, for climate trend analysis, as well as for climate model evaluation.
On the influence of zonal gravity wave distributions on the Southern Hemisphere winter circulation
Authors: Lilienthal Friederike , Jacobi Christoph , Schmidt Torsten , de la Torre Alejandro , Alexander Peter
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A mechanistic global circulation model is used to simulate the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric, mesospheric, and lower thermospheric circulation during austral winter. The model includes a gravity wave (GW) parameterization that is initiated by prescribed 2-D fields of GW parameters in the troposphere. These are based on observations of GW potential energy calculated using GPS radio occultations and show enhanced GW activity east of the Andes and around the Antarctic. In order to detect the influence of an observation-based and thus realistic 2-D GW distribution on the middle atmosphere circulation, we perform model experiments with zonal mean and 2-D GW initialization, and additionally with and without forcing of stationary planetary waves (SPWs) at the lower boundary of the model. As a result, we find additional forcing of SPWs in the stratosphere, a weaker zonal wind jet in the mesosphere, cooling of the mesosphere and warming near the mesopause above the jet. SPW wavenumber 1 (SPW1) amplitudes are generally increased by about 10 % when GWs are introduced being longitudinally dependent. However, at the upper part of the zonal wind jet, SPW1 in zonal wind and GW acceleration are out of phase, which reduces the amplitudes there.
Extracting information on the spatial variability in erosion rate stored in detrital cooling age distributions in river sands
Authors: Braun Jean , Gemignani Lorenzo , van der Beek Peter
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The purpose of detrital thermochronology is to provide constraints on regional scale exhumation rate and its spatial variability in actively eroding mountain ranges. Procedures that use cooling age distributions coupled with hypsometry and thermal models have been developed in order to extract quantitative estimates of erosion rate and its spatial distribution, assuming steady state between tectonic uplift and erosion. This hypothesis precludes the use of these procedures to assess the likely transient response of mountain belts to changes in tectonic or climatic forcing. In this paper, we describe a simple method that, using the observed detrital mineral age distributions collected in a system of river catchments, allows to extract information about the relative distribution of erosion rates in an eroding hinterland without relying on a steady-state assumption or the value of thermal parameters. The model is based on a relatively low number of parameters describing lithological variability among the various catchments and their sizes, and only uses the raw binned ages. In order to illustrate the method, we invert age distributions collected in the Eastern Himalaya, one of the most tectonically active places on Earth. From the inversion of the cooling age distributions we predict present day erosion rates of the catchments along the Siang-Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river system, as well as smaller tributaries. We show that detrital age distributions contain dual information about present-day erosion rate, i.e. from the predicted distribution of surface ages within each catchment and from the relative contribution of any given catchment to the river distribution. The inversion additionally allows comparing modern erosion rates to long-term exhumation rates. We provide a simple implementation of the method in R.code within a Jupyter Notebook that includes the data used in this paper for illustration purposes.
Portable Multi- and Many-Core Performance for Finite Difference
Codes; Application to the Free-Surface Component of NEMO
Authors: Porter Andrew , Appleyard Jeremy , Ashworth Mike , Ford Rupert , Holt Jason , Liu Hedong , Riley Graham
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We present an approach which we call PSyKAl that is designed to achieve portable performance for parallel, finite-difference Ocean models. In PSyKAl the code related to the underlying science is formally separated from code related to parallelisation and single-core optimisations. This separation of concerns allows scientists to code their science independently of the underlying hardware architecture and for optimisation specialists to be able to tailor the code for a particular machine independently of the science code. We have taken the free-surface part of the NEMO ocean model and created a new, shallow-water model named NEMOLite2D. In doing this we have a code which is of a manageable size and yet which incorporates elements of full ocean models (input/output, boundary conditions, etc.). We have then manually constructed a PSyKAl version of this code and investigated the transformations that must be applied to the middle/PSy layer in order to achieve good performance, both serial and parallel. We have produced versions of the PSy layer parallelised with both OpenMP and OpenACC; in both cases we were able to leave the natural-science parts of the code unchanged while achieving good performance on both multi-core CPUs and GPUs. In quantifying whether or not the obtained performance is `good' we also consider the limitations of the basic roofline model and improve on it by generating kernel-specific CPU ceilings.
Micro-syntactic variation in American English Negative Concord
Authors: Blanchette Frances
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a series of quantitative gradient acceptability judgment studies of English negative sentences. Adult native speakers of American English recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk were asked to rate sentences on a scale of 1 to 7 on the basis of their naturalness. The main study compares sentences with the marker n’t and either a negative object (e.g. ‘John didn’t eat nothing’) or a negative subject in canonical position (‘nobody didn’t eat’). Each sentence type has two possible interpretations, one in which the two negatives contribute a single semantic negation, the so-called Negative Concord reading, and another in which the two negations yield a semantic Double Negation logically equivalent to an affirmative. While mean acceptability ratings were below the median for all items, statistical analyses of the gradient data revealed that speakers prefer Negative Concord over Double Negation readings for sentences with negative objects. To rule out a processing explanation for the preference for negative objects over sentence initial negatives, a follow-up study tested the acceptability of sentences with a single negative subject or object and no negative marker. This revealed a preference for subjects, suggesting that the object preference in the two negatives study is a true grammatical effect. A third study revealed that Double Negation constructions are unacceptable overall even in explicit denial contexts, and a fourth study added Negative Auxiliary Inversion constructions (e.g. ‘Didn’t nobody eat’), to compare three types of Negative Concord. The results of all four studies are argued to reveal an English grammar that generates both Negative Concord and Double Negation, and in which Negative Concord is generated despite its unacceptability and reported absence in usage.
¡NO AL MALL BARÓN. SÍ AL MALL DE CASTRO! El Rol de las Subjetividades Sociales chilenas en el proceso de ejercicio efectivo del Patrimonio Cultural como Derecho Universal
Authors: Bustos Victoria
Published: July 2017

Este artículo investiga dos movimientos ciudadanos. Por una parte, la movilización que se opuso al Mall Barón en Valparaíso, y, por otra, la movilización que estuvo a favor del Mall de Castro en Chiloé. A través de una metodología cualitativa, basada en entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de fuentes, se busca conocer la vinculación de estos movimientos ciudadanos con la activación de la dimensión política del derecho de acceso al patrimonio cultural en la concepción vigente implementada en la política pública. Se reconoce que hay elementos del derecho al patrimonio cultural que no están presentes en ella, en particular la no consideración de la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones respecto de su propio patrimonio y tampoco el reconocimiento y la legitimación de nuevos patrimonios correspondientes a las diversas subjetividades sociales existentes al interior de una misma sociedad. Desconocerlos se transforma en un problema de sustentabilidad social que impacta en los niveles de desarrollo humano, bienestar social y en la calidad de nuestra democracia
Análisis de los municipios chilenos: ingresos por gestión versus transferencias del Fondo Común Municipal
Authors: Pérez Mario
Published: July 2017

Este estudio se focaliza en analizar los posibles efectos en los ingresos propios por gestión de los municipios si se transfieren más recursos mediante el Fondo Común Municipal (FCM). Para esto se utiliza un modelo de regresión de efectos fijos con datos de panel entre los años 2009 al 2012, obtenidos del Sistema Nacional de Información Municipal (SINIM). Las transferencias provenientes del FCM impactan negativamente en los ingresos por gestión propia solo a un grupo de comunas (47), clasificadas por la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional (SUBDERE) como ``Grandes comunas metropolitanas con alto y/o medio desarrollo'', siendo en promedio casi 5 unidades menos los ingresos por gestión recaudados por 1 unidad más de aporte del FCM. Sin embargo para el resto de los municipios del país no existe evidencia suficiente para determinar que existe este fenómeno conocido como ``pereza fiscal'' (Raich, 2004).
Trayectoria Negativa de la Clase Media: México 2002-2012
Authors: Contreras Dante , Tapia Elvia
Published: July 2017

Este artículo examina la trayectoria negativa de la clase media en México. Utilizando los datos longitudinales, extraídos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Niveles de Vida de los Hogares (ENNViH) de los años 2002 y 2012, se provee nueva evidencia sobre las características y determinantes para que un hogar de clase media siga una trayectoria negativa. Los resultados indican que las características demográficas del jefe de hogar y si el jefe de hogar trabaja en el sector terciario disminuyen la probabilidad de que un hogar de clase media caiga en condición de pobreza. La evidencia también muestra que al incorporar información regional, de activos del hogar e indicadores ocupacionales, vivir en la región occidente, no tener ahorros, la pérdida total de la cosecha y si el jefe de hogar no cuenta con acceso a servicios de salud aumentan la probabilidad de que un hogar de clase media siga una trayectoria negativa.
Dictadura militar y construcción identitaria: La categoría `Mujer Chilena'
Authors: Isla Pablo
Published: July 2017

Este estudio analiza el rol de la mujer chilena como figura emblemática en la construcción del discurso identitario del nuevo orden político y cultural que se inició con el golpe de Estado de 1973. A través de una metodología cualitativa de análisis del discurso (Angenot, 2012), a partir de un corpus conformado por fuentes primarias y secundarias, el autor busca identificar los fundamentos heurísticos del nuevo discurso sobre la mujer y en qué medida este da cuenta de continuidades y rupturas acerca de la forma de entender el país y su identidad en torno a la idea del orden. La construcción de esta figura femenina utilizó aspectos conservadores del género que estaban relacionados con el contexto político previo al golpe de Estado y que resultaron funcionales a la concepción de orden de la Junta Militar. Se trata de una construcción discursiva y moralista que, a la postre, parece naturalizada en la cultura política de Chile.
Atracción y retención de recurso humano en salud en zonas rurales: percepción de profesionales
Authors: Meza Damaris
Published: July 2017

Este artículo busca explorar las motivaciones de profesionales de la salud en zonas rurales. Se busca describir sus percepciones de la permanencia de profesionales para la sostenibilidad de programas de salud rural. Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a médicos, matronas y enfermeras de 5 Centros Comunitarios de Salud Familiar (CECOSF) y 2 Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de Chiloé, que fueron analizados a través de análisis de contenido narrativo. Se concluye que la permanencia del Recurso Humano en Salud (RHUS) rural es frágil, los factores que inciden en ella son mediados por motivaciones, expectativas y necesidades. Se debe implementar una política de incentivos financieros y no financieros dirigida a médicos y otros profesionales.
Acciones y estrategias para un Programa de Tenencia Responsable de Animales en Chile
Authors: Aguirre Claudia
Published: July 2017

La Tenencia Responsable de Animales (TRA) no constituye un concepto global y único; en Chile sus principios rectores descansan en un proyecto de ley y actualmente su regulación se sustenta en aportes de diversos reglamentos, leyes y ordenanzas municipales; sin una definición conceptual y operativa de indicadores. La no existencia de una política pública para abordar el origen de la problemática de tenencia animal, repercute en la salud de personas y animales; y del ambiente. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar acciones y estrategias componentes de un Programa de TRA para ser implementado en Chile, combinando una Revisión Sistemática de literatura científica y gris para identificar contenidos pertinentes y una metodología Delphi dirigida a 15 actores claves nacionales para valorar los contenidos. En la revisión de literatura se identificaron seis grandes acciones y cincuenta estrategias para abordar la TRA. Todas las acciones fueron valoradas por los expertos, poniendo mayor énfasis en estrategias de ``control de población animal'', ``legislación'' y ``educación''. Otras estrategias como ``eutanasia'' y ``refugios'' generaron controversias y no existió acuerdo para que sean incorporadas. Se definió que las municipalidades son la entidad que tiene el rol de la implementación del Programa.
Um modelo de maturidade colaborativa: proposta inicial e validaçao de conteúdo
Authors: Falcao Martins Humberto , Ribas da Costa Ricardo
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho busca: a) desenvolver um conceito de maturidade colaborativa, a partir da sistematização ajustada do conceito de governança colaborativa elaborada por Emerson e outros (2015), aperfeiçoando o modelo anteriormente elaborado por Costa (2016), e de elementos e questões usualmente presentes em modelos consagrados de maturidade; e b) operacionalizar o conceito, por meio da construção de um instrumento de mensuração da maturidade colaborativa; e c) testar a validade de conteúdo da operacionalização a partir da validade semântica do instrumento vis-à-vis o modelo de Emerson. O texto está divido em cinco partes. Uma introdução trata de apresentar as questões metodológicas que pertinem à construção de modelos. A parte dois trata de governança colaborativa e apresenta a sistematização elaborada por Emerson e outros (2012). A parte três trata de maturidade e apresenta questões metodológicas relacionadas à construção de modelos de maturidade. A parte quatro trata da construção do modelo de maturidade colaborativa e sua validação de conteúdo. A última parte elabora considerações sobre limitações e prosseguimentos.
Quando o parceiro sem fim lucrativo falha? Uma analise das PNPs na área de saúde no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Peci Alketa , Santos Aline , Machado Desiree
Published: July 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa é a capacidade de associação entre associações sem fins lucrativos e instituições públicas. Para este propósito, investigamos treze organizações, pertencentes às Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS), com o governo da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi construída uma tipologia para associações, que varia de acordo com a capacidade organizacional. A análise indica que há três resultados da colaboração: sinergia, complementaridade e implementação. Os achados mostram que o OSS estudado mostra um alto grau de capacidade organizacional e sinergia.
El llamado tercer sector en el escenario ecuatoriano de la "Revolución Ciudadana"
Authors: Lima Bandeira Mariana , López-Parra Fernando
Published: July 2017

A partir de la década de los noventa, hubo un incremento sustancial en el número y en el llamado de organizaciones del Tercer Sector en el Ecuador, siguiendo una tendencia de América Latina. Con la implementación de políticas públicas del actual gobierno ecuatoriano (2008), cuyo discurso prioriza lo social en detrimento del capital, a través de un cuadro normativo regulatorio y estricto, las actividades de las ONG's (OSC) se vieron paradójicamente condicionadas a una serie de restricciones, resultando en una reducción significativa de sus actividades en el país. Existe una aparente contradicción en esta nueva dinámica: un gobierno de corte social desmovilizando las actividades de organizaciones que, en principio, por su naturaleza y concepción, estarían fortaleciendo la participación y la representación de la sociedad. Este artículo explora, a partir de supuestos sobre la naturaleza de las OSC y de datos secundarios en el contexto del Ecuador, esta contradicción en la que se mueven las organizaciones del denominado tercer sector. Asimismo, pretende demostrar que, al mismo tiempo que el Estado recupera su rol regulatorio, se observa en verdad menor participación y actuación de la sociedad civil en las políticas sociales, toda vez que se fortalece una relación vertical del Estado con la sociedad civil.
A política de garantia de preços mínimos para produtos da sociobiodiversidade (PGPM-Bio): potencialidades da intervenção estatal para a preservação ambiental em Goiás
Authors: Vito Silva de Lima Camila , Matos Cardoso Júnior Hamiton , Leonel Lunas Divina Aparecida
Published: July 2017

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar as potencialidades das espécies extrativas passíveis de subvenção econômica no âmbito da Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para os Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade (PGPM-Bio) enquanto instrumento para a preservação do Cerrado presente em todo o estado de Goiás. Desta forma, o trabalho está dividido em três seções: na primeira seção, há breve revisão histórica dos métodos de modernização agrícola implantados em Goiás a partir de meados do século XX e suas consequências na atualidade; na segunda seção, é realizada uma explanação sobre a política em questão e são apresentados os resultados de sua implantação entre 2009 e 2015; na terceira seção, é realizada breve discussão sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável e sobre as formas de aproveitamento dos produtos extrativos goianos. A metodologia utilizada refere-se à revisão bibliográfica acerca dos temas discorridos e ao uso de pesquisa documental em dados divulgados pela Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB) e pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A partir das proposições, conclui-se que a PGPM-Bio pode ser ferramenta eficaz na conservação das áreas preservadas do Cerrado por meio do correto manejo das plantas nativas, na recuperação de áreas degradadas através do reflorestamento e na manutenção da cultura, conservando, especialmente, frutos símbolos da culinária goiana, como o pequi. Ainda, infere-se que o sucesso da política em Goiás depende do mapeamento das áreas produtivas, da ampla divulgação da política e da formalização da cadeia produtiva, por meio da consolidação dos mercados para os produtos da sociobiodiversidade.
Gerald R. McDermott, Ed. The New Christian Zionism: Fresh Perspectives on Israel and the Land
Authors: Carenen Caitlin
Published: July 2017

No abstract is available.
Samfundsvidenskabelige laboratorier
Authors: Horst Maja
Published: July 2017

Maja Horsts artikel argumenterer for, at forskningskommunikation kan have en positiv indflydelse på selve forskningsprocessen, således at den viden, der produceres bliver bedre eller mere socialt robust, fordi den udsættes for indvendinger, modsigelser eller andre reaktioner. For at udnytte dette potentiale må man forstå forskningskommunikation som andet og mere end en aktivitet, hvormed forskeren meddeler samfundet resultaterne af et afsluttet forskningsprojekt. Forskningskommunikation tilbyder en mulighed for at 'lære af modsigelser' og bør derfor være en væsentlig del af selve forskningsprocessen i det moderne videnssamfund. Som et eksperiment med denne ambition tager artiklen udgangspunkt i et eksperiment med rumlig forskningskommunikation kaldet Forventningernes Landskab.
Om erfaringer med podcasts i universiteternes undervisning
Authors: Heilesen Simon
Published: July 2017

I disse år investerer de videregående uddannelser ganske mange ressourcer i at understøtte undervisningen med audio‐ og videooptagelser. Især podcasting er i vælten, og det er en almindelig antagelse både på læreanstalterne og i den offentlige debat, at podcasting er til gavn for de studerende. Men hvor meget er forventninger, og hvor meget er hårde kendsgerninger? Det søger denne artikel at give et indtryk af på baggrund af et bredt udvalg af den videnskabelige litteratur, som beskætiger sig med målinger af virkningen af at inddrage podcasting i undervisningen. Artiklen ser påde studerendes generelle oplevelse af at have at have lyd‐ og videooptagelser til rådighed; på målinger af de studerendes resultater ved prøver; samt på nogle af de konsekvenser, som podcasting kan have for tilrettelægelsen af undervisningen.
Transformering af traditionel undervisning til e-læring - tre best practices fra go online-projektet ved Aarhus Universitet
Authors: Godsk Mikkel , Rossen Dorte Sidelmann
Published: July 2017

Go online-projektet havde til formål at udvikle og systematisere tilrettelæggelsen af e-læring ved Aarhus Universitet samt transformere en række kurser til webbaseret læring. Et vigtigt element i projektet var at indsamle erfaringerne fra transformeringen af kurserne med henblik på at inspirere andre undervisere til at bruge webbaseret læring. Som et led i denne promovering blev underviserne for de 3 bedste transformeringer nomineret til titlen som årets e-underviser 2009. Denne artikel beskriver go online-projektet, baggrunden for nomineringen og de 3 bedste transformeringer - "best practices". Artiklen præsenterer såvel de pædagogiske som tekniske overvejelser vedr. tilrettelæggelsen af kurserne, evalueringsresultater samt juryens bedømmelse. Endvidere identificerer artiklen potentielle barrierer for udvikling af webbaseret læring samt fællestræk for de 3 best practices.
Skal ophavsretten afskaffes? - Ophavsretten har det ikke så let i de her år
Authors: Rosenmeier Morten
Published: July 2017

Ophavsretten har det ikke så let i de her år. Den stammer fra en tid, hvor verden var analog. Bøger var noget, man købte hos boghandleren. Musikken købte man i FONA. Og film så man i biografen. Men nu er verden digital. Kopierne er ikke til at skelne fra originalerne. Er tiden løbet fra alt det ophavsret?
Tools for Teaching the Digital Natives
Authors: Svendsen Lisbet Pals , Mondahl Margrethe Smedegaard
Published: July 2017

University educators and researchers face new generations of “digitally native” students, who approach academic disciplines in novel ways, thus creating a changed university-learning environment that demands new ways of building knowledge in a bottom-up process. A case in point is the area of corporate communication where we need new methods of approaching adult cultural/communicative learning since these integrated competences are much asked for in the business community. One way of approaching university pedagogy within these fields is asking whether social software could provide better tools that support social, collaborative processes that are fun, motivating and better support learning. The article therefore discusses collaborative and individualized learning processes and how social software platforms may better harness collective and personal knowledge in order to enhance learning outcome. The theoretical foundations of the article have been established at the crossroads between general learning theory, cultural/communicative learning theory and social media applications that facilitate collaborative, synchronous and interactive learning platforms. Data evaluation and comparisons in regard to learning outcomes are based on empirical data from two cases applying different learning platforms used in CBS programme courses involving culture and communication learning elements.
Potentialer og problematikker ved livestreaming og fastholdelse af undervisning
Authors: Løkkegaard Sarai , Ryberg Thomas
Published: July 2017

I efteråret 2012 forsøgte vi os med livestreaming af undervisning på 1. semester af bacheloruddannelsen i Humanistisk Informatik (AAU). Livestreaming var en måde at løse et presserende problem med stort optag af nye studerende og deraf følgende lokalemangel. Samtidig var det en mulighed for at opsamle strukturerede erfaringer med nye undervisningsrum og undervisningsformer. Det er disse erfaringer, vi med udgangspunkt i kvalitative og kvantitative data analyserer og diskuterer i denne artikel. Artiklens formål er at klarlægge, hvilke problematikker og potentialer studerende og undervisere oplever i forbindelse med livestreaming og fastholdelse af undervisning. Rent teknisk oplevede vi store udfordringer som afstedkom, at vi kort inde i semestret afbrød forsøget med streaming og i stedet dublerede de resterende forelæsninger. Vi nåede dog at få indsamlet data om både studerende og underviseres erfaringer med og holdninger til livestreaming og fastholdelse af undervisning. Disse potentialer og problematikker diskuterer vi med udgangspunkt i vores data og i dialog med eksisterende forskning inden for området.
Tema 2: Augmented Reality som wearable. Et design for visuel læring i sygeplejerskeuddannelsens anatomiundervisning
Authors: Buhl Mie , Rahn Annette
Published: July 2017

Artiklen omhandler design og implementering af Augmented Reality (AR) i form af en wearable i sygeplejerskeuddannelsens anatomiundervisning, mere specifikt undervisning i lungeanatomi og respiration, med fokus på potentialer for visuel læring.Projektet undersøger, hvordan en udviklet AR-applikation, der via iPad og et tag, der bæres af en person, kan anvendes til at forstå forholdet mellem den fysiske krops lunge og billedet af en lunge. Dette gennemføres gennem udvikling og afprøvning af et didaktisk design. Undersøgelsen trækker på en Design Based Research (DBR)-tilgang og inddrager viden om AR og wearables og Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE) samt visuel læring og visuelle fagkulturer inden for medicin. Designafprøvningerne viser, at wearables optimerer visuel læring, men også at små justeringer af AR-teknologi mellem første og anden iteration flytter studerendes læringsfokus fra fagindhold til metakommunikation om medieringsformer. Artiklen konkluderer, at kombinationen mellem wearable og IBSE kan understøtte visuel læring til gavn for et helhedssyn på anatomiundervisning og patientpleje.
Projektarbejde og akademisk IT-skoling
Authors: Heilesen Simon , Davidsen Søren
Published: July 2017

Artiklen redegør for en kortlægning i 2015 af de studerendes brug af IT-værktøjer i forbindelse med projektarbejde på Roskilde Universitet. På grundlag af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse samt interviews med 12 studerende forklares anvendelsen af IT-værktøjer i projektarbejdets forskellige faser. Som ramme for undersøgelsen diskuteres begrebet ”akademisk digital skoling”, og der trækkes linjer til internationale undersøgelser, som synes at bekræfte, at studerende reelt bruger et fåtal af IT-værktøjer, og at disse i hovedsagen ikke er udviklet til akademiske formål. Undersøgelsens resultater sammenholdes med det udvalg af IT-værktøjer, universitetet stiller til rådighed for ansatte og studerende. Afslutningsvis diskuteres de mulige årsager til tingenes tilstand, samt hvordan det vil være muligt at hæve niveauet af den akademiske digitale skoling.

This paper introduces a 2015 survey of Roskilde University students' use of IT-tools in project work. Based on a survey and qualitative interviews, the use of IT-tools in various phases of project work is illustrated and discussed. The concept "academic digital competence" is introduced as a framework for the study, and parallels are drawn to international research confirming that students tend to use only a limited number of IT-tools, the majority of which were not developed for academic purposes. The survey results are compared to the actual range of IT-tools that the university offers freely to faculty and students. In conclusion, the authors discuss the reasons for the state of affairs and how to strengthen academic digital competences.
Krydsbestøvning? Videndeling med online and blended learning på Københavns Universitet
Authors: Jacobsen Jens Christian , Trolle Olga , Markussen Julie
Published: July 2017

På mange universiteter er online and blended learning (OBL) blevet en populær måde at undervise flere studerende på en mere fleksibel, varieret og engageret måde end ved traditionel face-to-face undervisning. Undervisere og universitetsledelser er derfor interesserede i at udvikle former for e-læring, og OBL og andre innovative uddannelser er blevet et globaliseret konkurrenceparameter. Med baggrund i en flerårig evaluering af underviseres udbytte af og erfaringer med OBL på Københavns Universitet undersøges, hvordan kendskabet til disse læreformer kan udbredes til alle fakulteter. Vi undersøger tillige, hvordan OBL kan videreudvikles, så læringseffekt og studenterengagement kan understøtte en e-lærings-kultur på Københavns Universitet.Artiklen er derfor todelt. Den første del undersøger erfaringer med videndeling og analyserer disse erfaringer ud fra begreber om praksisfælleskaber. Den anden del bruger SECI og Ba som forståelsesramme for fremtidig videndeling og organisationsudvikling på Københavns Universitet.
Læringsdesign for selvinitieret lærings- og professionsdannelse
Authors: Ringtved Ulla Lunde , Wahl Christian , Belle Gianna , Clemmensen Anita
Published: July 2017

Denne artikel beskriver en undersøgelse af studerendes selvinitierede studieaktiviteter på erhvervsakademi- og professionsbachelorniveau, og hvordan disse aktiviteter indgik i læringsdesignet på den enkelte uddannelse. Vi undersøgte aktiviteterne via UC-sektorens fælles Studieaktivitetsmodel, der har som mål, at øge de studerendes læring gennem opmærksomhed på forventet studieaktivitet beskrevet i modellens fire kategorier. Dette koblede vi med, hvordan studieaktivitetsmodellen implementerede de læringsdannende kompetencemål fra den danske kvalifikationsramme.
Gennem fokusgruppeinterview med studerende undersøgte vi, hvordan de studerende opfattede koblingen mellem selvinitierede aktiviteter og de læringsmål, der var formuleret for deres uddannelse. De respektive uddannelsers beskrivelser og fortolkninger af kategorien blev analyseret med henblik på undersøgelse af hvordan kategorien blev formidlet lokalt.
Resultatet af undersøgelsen viste at de mulige selvinitierede aktiviteter, som de studerende blev præsenteret for på uddannelserne, var klassiske studieaktiviteter der var karakteriseret ved at de lige såvel kunne optræde i underviser-initierede sammenhænge. Dette medførte en idefattighed i forhold til hvilke aktiviteter, de studerende inddrog i løbet af deres uddannelse og viste et manglende fokus på læringsdannende og selvinitierende studieaktiviteter. Vi fandt også et broget billede af mulige studierelaterede aktiviteter, der havde et potentiale af stor læringsmæssig og professionsrettet værdi med sigte på at udvikle de studerendes professionsrettede og læringsrettede kapabilitet. Baseret på resultaterne af analysen udvikledes en model for en læringsdesignsramme med et heutagogisk perspektiv tilpasset Studieaktivitetsmodellen.
De l’impossibilité du savoir intuitif conçu comme état purement mental et d’une difficulté que cela soulève pour l’évidentialisme1
Authors: Plourde Jimmy
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, je défends la thèse qu’il ne peut pas y avoir de savoir intuitif sous la forme d’un état purement mental, car, contrairement aux états purement mentaux de connaissance, les intuitions rationnelles n’excluent pas la possibilité de la coexistence de connaissances aux contenus contradictoires. Je soutiens que cela trouve une double justification dans la non-factivité et la non-véridictivité des intuitions, et une explication dans l’idée que les intuitions sont des expériences d’« intellectual seemings ». Enfin, je soutiens que ces caractéristiques des intuitions pourraient constituer une difficulté pour la thèse évidentialiste et, par conséquent, pour la conception du savoir intutitif dans le cadre d’une théorie classique réformée de la connaissance.
Phenotypic and microRNA transcriptomic profiling of the MDA-MB-231 spheroid-enriched CSCs with comparison of MCF-7 microRNA profiling dataset
Authors: Boo Lily , Ho Wan Yong , Mohd Ali Norlaily , Yeap Swee Keong , Ky Huynh , Chan Kok Gan , Yin Wai Fong , Satharasinghe Dilan Amila , Liew Woan Charn , Tan Sheau Wei , Cheong Soon Keng , Ong Han Kiat
Published: July 2017

Breast cancer spheroids have been widely used as in vitro models of cancer stem cells (CSCs), yet little is known about their phenotypic characteristics and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of MDA-MB-231 spheroid-enriched cells for their CSCs properties and also to determine their miRNAs expression profile. Similar to our previously published MCF-7 spheroid, MDA-MB-231 spheroid also showed typical CSCs characteristics namely self-renewability, expression of putative CSCs-related surface markers and enhancement of drug resistance. From the miRNA profile, miR-15b, miR-34a, miR-148a, miR-628 and miR-196b were shown to be involved in CSCs-associated signalling pathways in both models of spheroids, which highlights the involvement of these miRNAs in maintaining the CSCs features. In addition, unique clusters of miRNAs namely miR-205, miR-181a and miR-204 were found in basal-like spheroid whereas miR-125, miR-760, miR-30c and miR-136 were identified in luminal-like spheroid. Our results highlight the roles of miRNAs as well as novel perspectives of the relevant pathways underlying spheroid-enriched CSCs in breast cancer.
Interfacial Area between Hetero‐Epitaxial γ‐Al2O3 and Silicon
Authors: Liao Yuanxun , Zhou Dongyi , Shrestha Santosh , Huang Shujuan , Bremner Stephen , Conibeer Gavin
Published: July 2017

The interfacial region between hetero‐epitaxial γ‐Al2O3 and Si (111) substrates is studied in detail. The purpose is to address many open questions regarding the growth of γ‐Al2O3 grown on Si, such as the atomic stacking orders, strain relaxation modes, and observed thin‐film qualities. The cross‐sectional atomic stacking order is directly evidenced to be a cubic spinel structure, with a possible in‐plane stacking order proposed. A 1.5 nm defect‐rich transition layer is found at the interface, in which the lattice structure transitions from Si to γ‐Al2O3 arrangement. The thin‐film quality, in terms of crystallinity and low film roughness, is observed to improve with increasing thickness up to ≈8 nm. For thicknesses above 8 nm, grain boundaries are observed along with the appearance of pinholes, due to the large lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient differences between γ‐Al2O3 and Si. Polycrystalline islands form in these pinholes and gradually replace the initial layer‐by‐layer growth of monocrystalline γ‐Al2O3, leading to a mainly polycrystalline material at large thicknesses. The insights gained on the hetero‐epitaxy of γ‐Al2O3 on Si will be useful for future work looking to exploit this hetero‐epitaxial materials system.
Biosourced blends based on poly (lactic acid) and polyamide 11: Structure–properties relationships and enhancement of film blowing processability
Authors: Walha Fatma , Lamnawar Khalid , Maazouz Abderrahim , Jaziri Mohamed
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present work is to develop a new biomaterial with suitable melt strength, stiffness‐to‐toughness balance, and the required thermal performance for food packaging applications. The study is dedicated to investigating a new physical compatibilization approach of biosourced materials as well poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11) in comparison with the chemical compatibilization through addition of a multifunctionalized epoxide. For this reason, this paper deals with gaining better understanding physical compatibilization in the biosourced blend with the incorporation of an acrylic melt strength enhancer into PLA/PA11 blend. The main focus of this paper is studying how physical compatibilization improves melt strength in comparison with chemical approach. Hitherto, the chain extension–branching balance was demonstrated to be difficult to be controlled and decoupled from chemical compatibilization at the polymer–polymer interface. Hence, the physical approach is presented as an original route in this work to develop a PLA‐based blend with good film blown processability and engineering properties. Morphological, rheological and thermomechanical properties of the new obtained biosourced blends were studied. The physical compatibilization effect was confirmed by the tuning interfacial properties. The extensional rheology highlighted that melt strength for the physical blends was also improved without any pronounced strain hardening in comparison with reactive blends. Besides, a great enhancement of the blowing processing windows of physically PLA‐PA11 compatibilized blend was highlighted while higher blow‐up ratio and take‐up ratio values were obtained. Overall, a correlation between the obtained thermal and crystalline properties was performed for the optimal biosourced blown film.
Functional Recovery of Contused Spinal Cord in Rat with the Injection of Optimal‐Dosed Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Jong‐Wan , Mahapatra Chinmaya , Hong Jin‐Young , Kim Min Soo , Leong Kam W. , Kim Hae‐Won , Hyun Jung Keun
Published: July 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can exacerbate secondary injury and lead to permanent functional impairment. Hypothesizing that cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) as an effective ROS scavenger may offset this damaging effect, it is first demonstrated in vitro that CONPs suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) generation and enhanced cell viability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐insulted cortical neurons. Next, CONPs are administered at various does (50–4000 µg mL−1) to a contused spinal cord rat model and monitored the disease progression for up to eight weeks. At one day postinjury, the number of iNOS+ cells decreases in the treated groups compared with the control. At one week, the cavity size and inflammatory cells are substantially reduced, and the expression of proinflammatory and apoptotic molecules is downregulated with a concurrent upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokine. By eight weeks, the treated groups show significantly improved locomotor functions compared with the control. This study shows for the first time that injection of optimal‐dosed CONPs alone into contusion‐injured spinal cord of rats can reduce ROS level, attenuate inflammation and apoptosis, and consequently help locomotor functional recovery, adding a promising and complementary strategy to the other treatments of acute SCI.
Review of the Theoretical Description of Time‐Resolved Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy in Electron‐Phonon Mediated Superconductors
Authors: Kemper A. F. , Sentef M. A. , Moritz B. , Devereaux T. P. , Freericks J. K.
Published: July 2017

We review recent work on the theory for pump/probe photoemission spectroscopy of electron‐phonon mediated superconductors in both the normal and the superconducting states. We describe the formal developments that allow one to solve the Migdal‐Eliashberg theory in nonequilibrium for an ultrashort laser pumping field, and explore the solutions which illustrate the relaxation as energy is transferred from electrons to phonons. We focus on exact results emanating from sum rules and approximate numerical results which describe rules of thumb for relaxation processes. In addition, in the superconducting state, we describe how Anderson‐Higgs oscillations can be excited due to the nonlinear coupling with the electric field and describe mechanisms where pumping the system enhances superconductivity.