bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity profile of polyradiomodification therapy used in the combination treatment for rectal cancer
Authors: Barsukov Yu. A. , Vlasov O. A. , Tkachev S. I. , Gordeev S. S.
Published: November 2018

Objective: to analyze the spectrum of toxic reactions associated with various polyradiomodification regimens used in the combination therapy for rectal cancer.

Materials and methods. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of the data from a prospectively collected database. We included patients with stages сT2–3N0M0 and сT2–3N1–2M0 resectable rectal cancer. Polyradiomodification regimens included a course of radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) with the following radiomodifiers: rectal administration of a biopolymer composition containing metronidazole (MZ)  at a dose of 10 g/m2 (twice), intracavitary local microwave hyperthermia (three times on days 3–5) and oral capecitabine (Cap).

Results. The study included 241 participants. Toxic reactions were observed in less than 33.2 % of patients receiving polyradiomodification as a part of combination therapy. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity, diagnosed in 28.6 % and 17.4 % of cases respectively. The frequency of toxic reactions was significantly higher in patients receiving Cap14 + MZ regimen than in those receiving Cap5 + MZ regimen (p = 0.0038). However, the inclusion of microwave hyperthermia in both Cap5 and Cap14 therapeutic regimens had no impact on the frequency of toxic reactions (44.2 and 31.5 % respectively, p = 0.146). The proportion of patients with grade III gastrointestinal toxicity did not significantly vary across the groups (p = 0.16).

Conclusion. The course of polyradiomodification included into the combination therapy for rectal cancer has an acceptable toxicity profile and can be used to improve long-term outcomes of combination treatment for rectal cancer.
Impact of topoisomerase IIα overexpression in the primary colon tumor on the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Darenskaya A. D. , Dobrova N. V. , Stepanova E. V.
Published: November 2018

Background.The evaluation of clinical and morphological characteristics is not sufficient to predict the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mRCC). Tumor aggressiveness may vary significantly even in patients with similar clinical and morphological disease characteristics. These differences are believed to be associated with molecular tumor characteristics and can be used as additional prognostic factors for patient survival.

Objective:to evaluate the effect of topoisomerase IIα overexpression (topoIIα) in primary colon tumor on the mRCC prognosis.

Materials and methods. The study cohort included patients with mRCC that have not previously received treatment for disseminated disease. All participants had a morphologically verified diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma and received first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine. We evaluated both short-term and long-term treatment outcomes. We also assessed the expression of topoIIα in primary colon tumors (biopsy/surgical specimens obtained prior to initiation of first-line treatment) using immunohistochemical methods. We aimed to evaluate the association between the level of topoIIα expression and short-term/long-term treatment outcomes. We analyzed the impact of topoIIα expression in the primary tumor on the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mRCC.

Results. Immunohistochemical evaluation of topoIIα expression in the primary tumor was conducted for 39 patients with mRCC. We found no correlation between topoIIα expression and PFS, i.e. median PFS did not differ significantly between patients with topoIIα-positive and topoIIα-negative tumors (p >0.05). Individuals with low levels of topoIIα expression in the primary tumor and those with topoIIα-negative cancer demonstrated significantly higher OS than patients with topoIIα overexpression (median OS 16.30 ± 2.0 months; 95 % confidence interval 12.32–20.28 vs 7.7 ± 4.98 months; 95 % confidence interval 0.00–17.46; p = 0.007).

Conclusion.Overexpression of topoIIα is a factor of poor prognosis associated with poorer OS in patients with mRCC that received first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the combination treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer: currently available options
Authors: Kuzmichev D. V. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Polynovskiy A. V. , Madyarov Zh. M. , Tkachev S. I. , Aniskin А. A.
Published: November 2018

Objective:to analyze treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that received various combinations of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we analyzed a cohort of prospectively recruited patients with stage mrT3(CRM+)/ T4N0–2M0 locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants were divided into three groups. Patients in Group 1 received preoperative longcourse radiotherapy given concurrently with capecitabine, followed by 2–6 cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapOx). In Group 2, patients initially received 1–2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with CapOx, followed by radiotherapy + capecitabine, and then consolidation chemotherapy with CapOx (“sandwich” method). Participants in Group 3 were treated with 1–3 cycles of induction CapOx chemotherapy with subsequent long-course chemoradiotherapy. After the combination treatment, all patients underwent surgery. The primary endpoint of this study was therapeutic pathomorphosis. Secondary endpoints included complete clinical response, toxicity, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and relapse-free survival.

Results.This study included 155 patients (98 in Group 1, 44 in Group 2, and 13 in Group 3). Grade III toxicity was documented in 6.12 %, 4.55 %, and 23.08 % of cases in Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. None of the patients had grade IV toxicity. Grade III therapeutic pathomorphosis was achieved in 33.7 %, 22.7 %, and 23.1 % of patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Grade IV therapeutic pathomorphosis was observed in 14.3 %, 15.9 %, and 7.69 % of patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Complete clinical response was registered in 16.3 %, 11.4 %, and 0 % of cases in Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Median follow-up was 47.2 months with no signs of progression. Relapses were observed in 1.02 % and 2.27 % of patients from Group 1 and Group 2 respectively, whereas Group 3 demonstrated no relapses. A total of 11.22 %, 13.64 %, and 23.1 % of participants from Groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively developed distant metastasis.

Conclusion.Polychemotherapy used within the consolidation and «sandwich» treatment regimens is a promising option for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The efficacy of induction chemotherapy should be further studied with a larger sample.
New method of stopping bleeding from the presacral venous plexus during the rectal cancer operation: a case report
Authors: Parfir’eva E. M. , Ivchenko A. O. , Ivchenko O. A.
Published: November 2018

Presacral venous bleeding is a rare but potentially fatal complication in pelvic surgery. This type of bleeding is difficult to control. Existing methods are not without shortcomings, therefore, the search for a more reliable method. We are present a case of successful bleeding control using by plates of medium-porous nitinol (pore size of 300–450 μm, permeability of 12 × 10–9). Hemostasis was carried out by pressing  a plate to the bleeding zone for 4 minutes.
Successful treatment of a patient with Turcot syndrome
Authors: Aliev V. A. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Ovchinnikova A. I. , Rakhimov O. A. , Lyubchenko L. N. , Ayrapetyan T. S.
Published: November 2018

We report a case of successful treatment of a 15-year-old female patient (body mass index 16) diagnosed with Turcot syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis of the colon) combined with multiple primary malignant tumors, including anaplastic astrocytoma (received combination therapy in 2007), metachronous cecal cancer (underwent subtotal colectomy and 12 courses of polychemotherapy in 2016–2017), and metachronous stage III pT3N1M0 rectal cancer at 8 cm. The patient underwent laparoscopic low resection with extirpation of the ileosigmoid anastomosis, creation of a reservoir-rectal anastomosis, and preventive ileostomy. The patient had minimal intraoperative blood loss and uneventful postoperative period (with an accelerated rehabilitation protocol). She was discharged from a hospital on day 9. Considering previous treatment episodes and the disease stage, we also included into the treatment regimen adjuvant FOLFOX polychemotherapy in a reduced dose for 6 months. During one-year follow up, there was no evidence of disease progression. Later, the patient underwent ileostomy closure with forming a side-to-side mechanical anastomosis. The patient is fully rehabilitated in term of her social activity.
Comparison of saline instillation sonography with trans vaginal sonography in abnormal uterine bleeding: a prospective study
Authors: Pati Banishree , K. Rupa Vani , A. L. Gowri , Tripathy Debendra Kumar
Published: November 2018

Background: Abnormal vaginal bleeding may be caused by an extensive spectrum of disorders, both gynecologic and non-gynecologic. Diagnostic accuracy of abnormal uterine bleeding is important for the management.  Trans vaginal sonography (TVS) is one of the commonest investigation used for the diagnosis, but the diagnosis is not always accurate for all clinical conditions. Saline instillation sonography (SIS) has been shown to improve the diagnosis. Authors aimed to compare the TVS and SIS diagnosis with the final histopathological diagnosis.Methods: Seventy-five patients with the complained of abnormal uterine bleeding attending outpatient department of a tertiary care institute were enrolled for the study. Trans vaginal sonography (TVS) and saline instillation sonography (SIS) was done on outpatient basis. The diagnosis was compared with final histopathological diagnosis, in term of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.Results: Seventy-five patients who were enrolled for the study. Sixty-four patients underwent surgery and final histopathological diagnosis was established. Four patients SIS was not possible, data was analysed for sixty patients.Conclusions: In SIS abnormal uterus diagnosis confidence was significantly improved (p value 0.001) when compared to TVS. The diagnosis of submucous myoma significantly improved (p=0.015) by SIS when compared to TVS. There was no significant difference between TVS and SIS diagnosis of Myoma remote from the endometrium (p=0.522), Adenomyosis (p=1), Focal endometrial abnormality (p=0.654) and Diffuse endometrial abnormality (p=1). The SIS sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were either improved or same, when compare to TVS for all the diagnosis except for the diagnosis of focal endometrial abnormality.
Breast cancer awareness among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary healthcare centre in Mangalore, India
Authors: Joy Nitu , D’Souza Caren , D’Souza Clement R. S.
Published: November 2018

Background: Breast cancer is currently one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in India. Early detection of breast cancer can improve the survival rates. The aim of this study was to assess the breast cancer awareness among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary healthcare centre in Mangalore, India. This was an observational study conducted among 95 medical students from first to final year in a tertiary healthcare centre.Methods: Data was collected using a standard self-administered questionnaire. Participants were given printed copies of the questionnaire and were given time to fill their responses in a confidential setting. Participants were then asked to return these questionnaires anonymously. Statistical analysis used- Frequency distribution statistics.Results: All the participants had good knowledge about breast cancer and 78.94 % had good overall awareness about Breast self-examination (BSE). 88.42 % of the participants believed that breast cancer is curable. 75.78 % of the participants knew the technique of performing BSE and around 98.93% agreed that BSE is important. Almost all the participants (98.94%) stated that Breast self-examination, Clinical breast examination and Mammogram can detect breast cancer.Conclusions: To improve the breast cancer awareness in the community, more effective health education programmes will be required to enlighten healthcare professionals as well as the general public regarding the risk factors, early detection and management of breast cancer.
Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Khammam district
Authors: Alwala Rajeshwar Rao , Bolla Chandrasekhar Reddy , Dudala Shankar Reddy , Raju Y. Pravin , Mondal Raston , Kumar B. P. Ravi
Published: November 2018

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an important public health and socio-economic problem in the world and it was identified as one of the six diseases, which could be targeted for elimination /eradication. Annual mass drug administration of DEC with selective vector control could result in the effective elimination of infection by interruption of transmission. The present study aimed to find the coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) of diethyl-carbamazine (DEC) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Khammam district in November 2009.Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based, house-to-house survey was conducted after the round of MDA with DEC. Multi-stage systematic sampling method was used and four clusters were selected with 30 houses in each. A pretested questionnaire was used to interview the study participants. The data collected was analyzed and coverage rate, compliance rate and effective coverage rate were calculated.Results: The coverage rate was 65.54% with variation across different areas. The compliance with drug ingestion was 71.14%. The effective coverage (46.63%) was much below the target (85%) which has to be targeted by intensive information, education and communication (IEC). Side effects of DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific.Conclusions: The coverage, compliance, and effective coverage rates were found to be lower than the target, which need to be intensified by extensive IEC.
Basic Risks of the Environmental Policy
Authors: Kharchenko S.G. , Dorokhina E.Yu.
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic risks of the Russian Federation environmental policy. Unresolved problems of the environmental policy are considered and analyzed. The main reasons of insufficient scientific and methodological basis of this document, its structure, principles and priorities are investigated. An alternative view on the content of the strategy is substantiated, possible ways of quantitative strategy development based on scenario analysis and Decision Analysis scientific direction are considered in the article. An essential peculiarity of this strategy development approach is the assessment of the decision-making consequences in terms of costs, benefits and risks. This approach fully corresponds to the economy digitalization trend noted in the May presidential decree.
The efficacy of homeopathic Arnica montana 200 CH on dental surgical treatments: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: ERKAN Erhan , PARPAR Kudret , DEVELİ Tuba , GÜNDOĞAR Mustafa , GÜRLER Gökhan
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The aim of
this placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of single dose
homeopathic Arnica montana 200 CH in
dental surgeries. Methods: The study
included 79 patients undergoing wisdom teeth extractions, implant placements,
cystectomies, augmentation procedures, alveoloplasties, lefort-1 osteotomies at
Istanbul Medipol University’s Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The
patients were randomly divided into two groups using a computer program. Three globulesof
Arnica montana 200 CH were
administered in the sublingual area in the patients group 1, and glucose
globules were administered in the sublingual area in the patients into group 2.
After each patient’s surgical operation, the surgeoncompleted a survey about
operation time and scope. In addition,a self-assessment survey was completed by
the patients the day after their operationsto evaluate their post-operational
swelling and pain. Results: Arnica montana did not appear to significantly prevent post-operative swelling and
pain when compared to the placebo (p <
0.05).

Conclusions: This study
showed that the use of Arnica montana before
a physically traumatic procedure is not more effective than the use of a
placebo. However, the results should be evaluated in other studies, including
the administration of Arnica montana after
a physically traumatic procedure to clearly demonstrate its homeopathic
efficiency.
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 18-month outcomes of aflibercept treatment in patients resistant to ranibizumab
Authors: Ertan Elif , Doğan Mustafa
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Aim
of this study is to investigate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept therapy
in an 18-month period in patients with recurrent neovascular age-related
macular degeneration resistant to intravitreal ranibizumab. Methods: This is a prospective study of eyes with
neovascular age-related macular degeneration switched to intravitreal
aflibercept with at least 18 month of follow-up after the switch. All patients
had had a minimum of 6 injections of ranibizumab before the switch. All
patients received a loading dose of three intravitreal 2 mg aflibercept
injections at 4-week intervals. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity,
central macular thickness and the frequency of injections were compared. Results: The study
included 39 patients, each with one diseased eye. The studied eyes had received
an average of 10.74 ± 4.38 previous intravitreal ranibizumab injections over a
period of 28.31 ± 18.08 months. During the study, an average of 6.94 ± 2.58
intravitreal aflibercept injections were given in a period of 18 months. Mean
central macular thickness at baseline, before switching to aflibercept, 6, 12,
and 18 months after the aflibercept injection were 327.44 ± 120.57, 354.50 ± 127.79,
290.20 ± 112.25, 311.70 ± 119.47, and 299.29 ± 98.38 μm, respectively. A
significant change was found in the macular thickness measured at intervals
throughout the study. However, no significant improvement was found in visual
acuity after 18 month after switching to aflibercept.

Conclusions: Switching
from intravitreal ranibizumab, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth
factor-A, to aflibercept, another inhibitor for such factors, has increased
central macular thickness significantly without changes in visual acuity.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN IKLIM KERJA DENGAN KELUHAN MSDs PADA PEKERJA PERAKITAN MINI BUS DI PT MEKAR ARMADA JAYA MAGELANG
Authors: Fausiyah Komarul
Published: November 2018

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are disturbances in the skeletal muscles that affect workers, ranging from mild to very severe complaints. MSDs complaints can be caused by internal factor such as gender, age, years of employement, smoking habit and external factor such as exposure to hot work climates. These was an analytical-observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The research samples consisted of 65 workers. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Individual characteristics data collected by questionnaire, work climates data were obtained by Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measurement and MSDs complaints data were analyzed by Nordic Body Map (NBM). All data were analyzed by the Spearman-rho correlation with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results showed that most of workers had a moderate risk of MSDs complaints (55.4%). Based on WBGT measurement, work climate exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV). There were no correlation between MSDs complaints and workers characteristics (age, years of employment, and smoking habits). However, there was a significant correlation between MSDs complaints and work climate (p = 0.000; r = 0.730). The company are advised to redesign natural and artificial ventilation system, increasing the knowledge of all workers about ergonomic risks prevention based on their activities, reduce the health effects of workers smoking habit by regular exercise every day and set time of job rotation for 5-15 minutes/hour for workers do other work with a lighter workload. Keywords: individual characteristics, work climate, MSDs complaints
HIRARC PADA BAGIAN MINI BUS PT MEKAR ARMADA JAYA MAGELANG
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Mulyono Mulyono
Published: November 2018

Occupational health and safety is mandatory for every worker. Various tools and advanced technology to simplify and speed up an industrial activity, however these activities also have negative impacts which may cause harm to workers. The purpose of this study was to identify the Hazards, Assessment and Risk Management Section Mini Bus (body) in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang Work Accident Prevention. The study was conducted in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang at Jl Mayjen Bambang Soegeng No. 7, Magelang- Central Java. This research was carried out for 8 weeks starting on August 22, 2016 until October 14, 2016. This type of research is observational with cross sectional study. Primary data obtained by observation. While secondary data obtained from the company. The results of this research are largely derived from the potential danger of equipment and working environment and risks to each post terdentifikasi work almost the same as the activity and the equipment used. The conclusion is that there is a risk of potential hazards in PT Mekar Armada Jaya Magelang. So we recommend a special welding training for the regular welder, periodic health examinations and provide cover protector as well as provide smoking areas ( in units ) that separate from the main work sites. Keywords: hazard identification, risk assessment and control of mini bus
ANALISIS PENERAPAN CONTRACTOR SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CSMS) DI PT. X, BONTANG, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Pratiwi Hera Yulinanda
Published: November 2018

PT. X bergerak dalam bidang industri agrokimia yang terus melakukan pengembangan, perbaikan dan modifikasi terhadap pabrik dan sarana pendukungnya dengan menunjuk perusahaan kontraktor/ subkontraktor sebagai pelaksana pekerjaan. Untuk memastikan bahwa proyek yang dikerjaan oleh kontraktor menerapkan norma-norma keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, PT.X menerapkan Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) yang dituangkan dalam Prosedur SMT-KKK-26. Akan tetapi masih terdapat beberapa kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi pada pekerja kontraktor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap pelaksanaan CSMS yang telah dituangkan dalam SMT-KKK-26 PT.X dengan menggunakan siklus PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode observasional dengan analisa data deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT. X, Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Waktu penelelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2017. Kemudian data yang telah diperoleh akan dianalisis dalam bentuk narasi deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan siklus PDCA. Pada prosedur SMT-KKK-26 diatur proses pengadaan jasa dengan menerapkan tahapan-tahapan CSMS yang dilaksanakan oleh beberapa departemen. Tahapan tersebut meliputi identifikasi risiko, pra kualifikasi, seleksi yang termasuk ke dalam proses perencanaan (Plan), pra-pekerjaan dan pelaksanaan pekerjaan sebagai wujud dari implementasi (Do) dan pemeriksaan (Check), serta evaluasi akhir pekerjaan sebagai Action. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap penerapan Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) di PT. X dapat disimpulkan bahwa CSMS yang dilaksanakan pada PT.X tersebut telah menerapkan kaidah siklus Deming, ­Plan-Do-Check-Action. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa hal dalam SMT-KKK-26 mengenai prosedur penerapan aspek K3 dan LH pada pengadaan jasa yang belum berjalan secara optimal, sehingga diperlukan perbaikan yang berkelanjutan.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Kontrol Diri terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pranikah di Kalangan Remaja SMK di Surabaya
Authors: Istiqomah Nita , Notobroto Hari Basuki
Published: November 2018

The premarital sexual behavior adolescent has become a social problem in the community. Free sexual behavior are various ranging from feeling of attraction to the opposite sex, dating, kissing, holding partsof the body that are sensitive until sexual intercourse. Two factors that can infl uence sexual behavior are knowledge and self control. Adolescent who have high knowledge and self control tend to not perform sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of knowledge and premarital sexual behavior self control in adolescent of SMK in Surabaya. This study was performed using cross sectional study design. The study population was students of class XI SMK in Surabaya. Subjects were selected by proportional stratified random sampling. Sample was 83 students. Data analysis was performed using chi square test (α = 0.05). The results of this study were self-control influenced knowledge (p = 0.000; PR = 11.000), knowledge infl uenced premarital sexual behavior (p = 0.000; PR = 10.607) and self-control infl uenced premarital sexual behavior (p = 0.000; PR = 46.970). The conclusion of this research is variables knowledge and self-control infl uence premarital sexual behavior SMK in Surabaya increasing increase knowledge of adolescent in relation to premarital sexual behavior before marriage through counseling in Generation Program Plan (GENRE). Genre was can be a alternative solution to decrease premarital sexual behavior.
Risk Factor Assessment of Software Usability Using Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Kartika Afriyanti Dwi , Umaroh Sofia
Published: November 2018

Software adds significant value to a wide range of products and services. Thus, in the process of software development, maintaining the quality of the software is an important aspect that the developer must do. In several software quality models, usability is stated as one of significant factor that gives impact to software performance. The existence of problems in usability lead to less useful of the software. This research was conducted to assess software usability risk factors which derived from the attributes and sub-attributes of usability, that affecting the quality of the software negatively. The importance of risk factors assessed by using fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process. This risk assessment on software usability made it possible to process the evaluation of the respondents defined by linguistic format, in which information can be processed from insufficient data, subjective, inaccurate or vague. As result, this assessment showed dominant factors which were considered as the source of the usability software risk.
Effort Estimation Menggunakan Metode Use Case Point untuk Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak
Authors: Adhitama Rifki
Published: November 2018

Estimasi proyek perangkat lunak merupakan fase krusial yang dapat menentukan keberhasilan suatu proyek, dimana di dalamnya termasuk estimasi waktu pengerjaan, biaya dan sumberdaya manusia. Salah satu estimasi yang dilakukan dalam awal sebuah proyek perangkat lunak adalah software effort estimation atau estimasi resiko dan ukuran umum dari perangkat lunak yang akan dibuat pada sebuah proyek. Metode Use Case Points (UCP) merupakan metode software effort estimation yang menunjukkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya. Penggunaan metode UCP dalam proyek perangkat lunak khususnya sistem inventory di indonesia dapat menjadi salah satu contoh dan acuan bagaiamana estimasi perangkat lunak inventory. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah resiko dari proyek sistem inventory peminjaman alat laboratorium memiliki resiko kecil, dapat dikerjakan dalam waktu yang raltif singkat dan tidak membutuhkan sumberdaya yang banyak
Special Issue on Design and Manufacturing for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Umeda Yasushi
Published: November 2018

This is the fourth special issue on design and manufacturing for environmental sustainability. While Japanese manufacturers are not so active in this field, the trend of integrating sustainability into manufacturing activities and management of companies is becoming dominant. We can point out three epoch-making instances: namely, United Nations’ ‘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),’ which consists of 17 goals to be achieved by 2030, covering not only environmental sustainability but also social and human sustainability; EU’s ‘Circular Economy,’ which promotes various routes for resource circulation (e.g., reuse, remanufacturing, maintenance, and recycling) for increasing employment and market competitiveness of EU and resource efficiency; and ‘Paris Agreement’ on climate change, which enforces reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases to zero by the end of this century.

This special issue includes six well-written papers, all of which are deeply related to these three policies. The first four papers focus on product life cycle or even multiple product life cycles. This aspect is an inherent feature of design and manufacturing for environmental sustainability, which was not considered in traditional design and manufacturing. The keywords of these four papers are life cycle CO2 emission evaluation of electric vehicles, life cycle simulation of reuse among multiple product life cycles, disassembly part selection based on the idea of life expectancy, and personalization design aiming at avoiding mass production and mass disposal. The latter two papers are rather fresh in this journal. The fifth paper deals with customer preferences in Indonesia. Focusing on life styles in developing countries is a very important topic emphasized in SDGs. The last paper deals with food waste, which is emphasized in both SDGs and Circular Economy.

Most of the papers, revised and extended in response to the editor’s invitations, were originally presented at EcoDesign 2017: the tenth International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, held in Tainan, Taiwan.

The editor sincerely thanks the authors and reviewers for their devoted work in making this special issue possible. We hope that these articles will encourage further research on design and manufacturing for environmental sustainability.
Forecasting Life Cycle CO2Emissions of Electrified Vehicles by 2030 Considering Japan’s Energy Mix
Authors: Ishizaki Keita ,   Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8526, Japan, Nakano Masaru
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a comprehensive life-cycle analysis of CO2(LCCO2) emissions from automobiles using a hybrid life-cycle inventory approach to predict the growth of electrified vehicles in Japan. Herein, the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in HEV (PHEV), and battery electric vehicle (BEV) versions of the mass-produced Toyota Prius hatchback are analyzed, considering the automobile-usage environment in Japan. In particular, a breakeven analysis of HEV vs. PHEV vs. BEV is conducted in terms of LCCO2emissions that are affected by (i) outside air temperature and (ii) CO2emissions during power generation from the present day up to 2030. Our results show that HEV has the lowest LCCO2emissions when the current thermal-power-dependent electricity generation mix (average for 2012–2014) is considered, followed in order by PHEV and BEV. However, it is predicted that in 2030, PHEV will have the lowest LCCO2emissions, followed in order by HEV and BEV, as it is anticipated that nuclear and renewable energy sources will be widely available by 2030. PHEV is expected to gain popularity by 2030. Regarding BEV, large quantities of CO2emissions are emitted during battery production. Furthermore, due to the domestic electricity generation mix from the present day up to 2030, the LCCO2emissions of BEV will exceed those of HEV and PHEV.
A Lifecycle Simulation Method for Global Reuse
Authors: Murata Hidenori , Yokono Naoya , Fukushige Shinichi , Kobayashi Hideki ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan,   NTT Docomo, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2018

Reuse is an effective method of circulating resources in terms of environmental benefits because it requires fewer resources and less energy than manufacturing new products from virgin materials. In global reuse, a used component or module is reused in a different application. To evaluate a system of multiple product lifecycle systems (PLSs), the lifecycle simulation methodology LCS4SoS has been proposed. LCS4SoS comprises three elements, namely, individual PLSs, interactions among them, and their evolution over time. This paper proposes a lifecycle simulation method for global reuse based on the LCS4SoS framework. Flow control rules are developed for global reuse to control the directions and quantities of material flow among the PLSs. The usefulness of this method is verified by a case study of automobile and stationary battery PLSs.
Disassembly Reuse Part Selection for Recovery Rate and Cost with Lifetime Analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Shota , Kinoshita Yuki , Yamada Tetsuo , Inoue Masato , Bracke Stefan ,   Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan,   Chair of Reliability Engineering and Risk Analytics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
Published: November 2018

The depletion of natural resources is a critical environmental issue, and the recovery, including reuse and recycling, of end-of-life assembled products is the key to reducing the use of natural resources. However, in order to reuse or recycle an assembled product, it is essential to consider the life expectancy or material type and the weight of the parts in the product. In addition, because the assembled products comprise various parts, manual disassembly is required, which entails high costs. To recover assembled products in an environmentally friendly and economical manner, part selection for disassembly is required. A part selection method is proposed with three selection types: reuse, recycling, and disposal. First, data-set preparation is addressed. Second, the method for selecting the disassembly parts using integer programming and the ϵ constraint method is explained. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted using the proposed part selection method with a computer as a case study. Lifetime changes of the parts/product are then analyzed.
Proposal for the Design of Personalization Procedure
Authors: Kaneko Kazuki ,   Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Kishita Yusuke , Umeda Yasushi
Published: November 2018

The personalization of products and services is expected to become an indispensable feature of manufacturing. Because the concept of personalization ranges over a variety of domains from the manufacturing of a prosthetic foot to a web recommendation, there exist no commonly applicable design methodologies for product personalization. The purpose of this research is to propose methods of personalization. Therefore, this paper is focused on designing procedures of personalization, which include preparation, readout, design, production and provision, use, and feedback. For supporting the design of personalization procedure, we developed ten personalization strategies, a step-flow model, and a design procedure. Finally, the advantages of this method are investigated through a case study.
Green Product Preferences with Respect to Cultural Influences: Empirical Study in Indonesia
Authors: Ghazali Ihwan , Rashid Salwa Hanim Abdul , Dawal Siti Zawiah Md , Aoyama Hideki , Tontowi Alva Edy , Ghazilla Raja Ariffin Raja ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya Block K, Level 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing (CPDM), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan,   Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, increasing awareness is directed toward the fulfilment of sustainability demands in production in rapidly developing Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia. However, producing green products that satisfy customer preferences is still a challenging task for product designers and manufacturers. Cultural values can be a significant factor that influences customer preferences. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of cultural values on green-product preferences. Data were statistically analyzed based on the fulfilment of critical threshold values for the modeling of a structural equation. According to the results, customer preferences in Indonesia were mostly influenced by uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Further, additional product services were identified as the most important characteristic of green products for Indonesian customers.
Strategies for the Leftover Food Treatment Process: A Case Study of Convenience Store Deli-Style Food Products in Taiwan
Authors: Tu Jui-Che ,   Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, Lee Yi-Lin
Published: November 2018

The density of convenience stores in Taiwan is the highest in the world. Among the numerous commodities, the market competition for fresh food products is the fiercest and has become a focus of convenience store operations. Due to the change in Taiwanese lifestyles and consumer acceptance of the dining-out model, the demand and supply of fresh food products in convenience stores continues to increase. To benefit marketing performance, not only do convenience stores carry out promotional activities by reducing the price of products but they constantly innovate the taste and variety of fresh food products. For example, the tide of Taiwanese bento, during which promotions were implemented in the President Chain Store, has changed consumer diet habits; despite the raised price, consumers are still willing to purchase the product. However, convenient, real-time fresh food brought by this convenience store usually causes a massive waste of food. In its manufacturing and production processes, the food production chain ranks among the top three for national greenhouse gases. Whenever a piece of food is wasted, greenhouse gases are produced. Moreover, more resources are consumed to dispose of the wasted foods and garbage, further increasing greenhouse gas emissions and multiplying the carbon footprint. The phenomenon of excessive food waste has become an urgent issue in recent years in Taiwan, which is famous for its convenient food culture and service. In addition, because of Taiwan’s special economic development status, as well as rapid urbanization and family structure change, the ways to jointly affect this special consumption and food culture have become a topic worthy of discussion. Therefore, this research selected cooked food products in convenience stores as the main subject to explore the effect of social status and diet consumption from the perspective of daily social patterns and family structure data. It also examined the dilemma of excessive waste of food, to provide improvement advice as a reference to future relevant social policies and research.
Special Issue on Precision Abrasive Technology of Difficult-to-Machine Materials
Authors: Suzuki Hirofumi , Ohashi Kazuhito
Published: November 2018

The demand for high-precision hard components and their molds/dies have increased in various industries such as in the optical, automotive, and communication industries, as well as in life and medical sciences. Some difficult-to-machine materials can be reliably machined using deterministic precision cutting processes. On the other hand, hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, carbides, hardened steel of molds, glassy materials, or semiconductor materials have to be machined using precision abrasive technologies with super abrasives of diamond or cBN. However, the machining of high-precision components and their molds/dies by abrasive processes, is much more difficult because of their complex and non-deterministic nature and textured surface. Furthermore, high-energy processes such as laser technology can assist abrasive technologies for ensuring higher precision and efficiency. In this sense, precision grinding and polishing process are primarily used to generate high-quality and functional components usually made of difficult-to-machine materials. The surface quality achievable by precision grinding and polishing processes becomes more important for reducing machining time and costs.

This special issue features five research articles – five papers – related to the most recent advances in precision abrasive technology of difficult-to-machine materials. Their subjects cover various abrasive machining processes of grinding, polishing, abrasive flow machining, tooling technology, and laser technologies.

We deeply appreciate the careful work of all authors and thank the reviewers for their incisive efforts. We also hope this special issue will trigger further research on abrasive technologies.
Mechanical Property and Microstructure of the Vitrified-Bonded Ti-Coated CBN Composites
Authors: Sun Xue , Yu Tianbiao , Wang Zixuan , Ma Zhelun , Xu Maoqiang ,   School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University No.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, China,   Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang, China
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the mechanical property and microstructures of vitrified-bonded Ti-coated cubic boron nitride (CBN) composites under different sintering conditions. Three-point bending tests of the sintered vitrified-bonded Ti-coated CBN composite samples were carried out, and the microstructure, phase composition, and energy spectrum of the sintered composite samples were analyzed using SEM and X-ray diffraction. The test results indicate that the mechanical properties of the vitrified-bonded Ti-coated CBN composites improve with the increased temperature, and then show a declining trend. It was found that the titanium layer has a protective effect on the CBN abrasive. During the course of sintering, as the temperature increases, titanium in the titanium-coated layer is not only present on the CBN abrasive surface but is also diffused into the glass phase. In addition, oxidation reactions occur, which become stronger with the higher sintering temperature. Thus, the sintering temperature of the vitrified-bonded Ti-coated CBN composites should not be too high. It is better to sinter them in a vacuum rather than in air. Ti-coated CBN grains are not suitable for a vitrified bond with low refractoriness.
Effect of Crystal Structure on Fabrication of Fine Periodic Surface Structures with Short Pulsed Laser
Authors: Kodama Shuhei , Suzuki Shinya , Shibata Akihiro , Shimada Keita , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto ,   Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,   Dexerials Corporation, Tagajo, Japan
Published: November 2018

In recent years, nanostructures have been required for industry and medical services, to perform functions such as reduction in friction, control of wettability, and enhancement in biological affinity. Ultrashort pulsed lasers have been applied to meet these demands, and have been actively studied both experimentally and theoretically in terms of phenomena and principles. In this study, to clarify the phenomenon of the fabrication of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), and its application to industry, experiments were conducted on SUS304, titanium, and nickel-phosphorus by a short pulsed laser that has a longer pulse duration, higher cost-effectiveness, and higher stability than ultrashort pulsed lasers. The results confirmed that while LIPSS were fabricated on Ti and Ni-P workpieces, a uniform fine periodic structure was not fabricated on the whole irradiated surface of SUS304, and crystal grain boundaries appeared with low energy density and irradiation number because SUS304 is an alloy composed of Fe, Cr, and Ni. Further, the short pulsed laser has a low power and long pulse duration, inducing the thermal effect. We clarified the effect of crystal structure on fabricating fine periodic surface structures with short pulsed laser.
Monitoring of Rotational Vibration in Tap and Endmill Processes with a Wireless Multifunctional Tool Holder System
Authors: Matsuda Ryo , Shindou Masatoshi , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi ,   Research and Development Group, Yamamoto Metal Technos Co., Ltd. 4-7 Setoguchi, 2-chome, Hirano-ku, Osaka 547-0034, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
Published: November 2018

We have developed a novel wireless multifunctional tool holder system to monitor the process vibrations of a rotating machining tool. The primary feature of the developed holder system is its ability to detect vibrations in three directions, two of which lie along the orthogonal axes, with the remaining direction of detection occurring along the rotational axis. This study aims to evaluate the vibrations induced by tapping and end-milling processes. It is demonstrated that the developed holder system enables the stick-slip vibrations induced by tapping and the chatter vibrations of end-milling to be monitored. Consequently, the developed holder system is found to be effective at estimating and improving the machining conditions that use a machining center.
Modelling of Material Removal in Abrasive Flow Machining
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart ,   Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany, Roßkamp Simon
Published: November 2018

Trends like lightweight construction and functional integration lead to more and more complex workpieces. Often, these workpieces must be finished after machining. Especially inner contours are difficult to finish. Hence, only a few manufacturing techniques are suitable for deburring, edge rounding and polishing of inner contours. An appropriate solution is abrasive flow machining (AFM), in which a highly viscous fluid with abrasive grains is used. Despite the wide usage of AFM in industry, the knowledge about the fundamentals of abrasive flow machining processes is limited. After elaborated test series new findings concerning the surface integrity are presented in this paper. This is done in terms of the regressive development of the surface roughness on the one hand and in terms of the generated edge rounding on the other hand. In this context, it is found that there is a factor of approximately 16 between the chipped material at the edge and the chipped material at the surface. This factor is nearly constant during the processing time. Finally, using the results of the studies, the correlation between the processing parameters, surface roughness, edge rounding, and material removal rate can be characterized. Moreover, these new findings can be transferred to a comprehensive process model, which is the basis for a reliable process simulation. Owing to this progress, predictions of the processing results of AFM will be possible.