bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Study of Aluminum Sulphate and Ammonium Aluminum Sulphate Coagulants in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ukiwe Lugard , Nwoko C.I.A. , M Okere-Chijioke
Published: May 2018

An investigation into the kinetics of two inorganic coagulant namely: aluminum sulphate octadecahydrate (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O) an ammonium aluminum sulphate dodecahydrate (NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O) was studied to determine the effect of certain kinetic parameters on coagulation performance of the above mentioned coagulants. Results of analysis obtained revealed that the rate constant (k) for Al2(SO4)3.18H2O was 5.727s-1, while that for NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O was 2.282s-1. However, the order of the reaction (xn) of Al2(SO4)3.18H2O and NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O with the wastewater was 1.0 and 1.0, respectively, indicating that both reactions were first order. Considering the mechanism of the reaction, the general trend observed indicated that the Al2(SO4)3.18H2O reaction was thrice as fast as the NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O reaction. This fact together with the larger value of k for Al2(SO4)3.18H2O obtained in the experiment lend credence to the widely held believe that Al2(SO4)3.18H2O is a more effective coagulant than NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O in wastewater treatment.
Equilibrium Study and Biological Activity of Cu(II) with Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and Some Amino acids and DNA
Authors: Hosny Wafaa , Khalaf- Alaa Perihan
Published: May 2018

This study presents the acid-base equilibrium of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The stability constant values of the binary and ternary complexes formed in solution among polyvinyl alcohol, Cu (II), some amino acids and DNA were determined potentiomertically. The stability constants of the complexes are determined and the concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes are evaluated. The ligand and their metal chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against the selected bacteria and fungi. Binary and ternary complexes of copper (II) involving polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and various biologically relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated. The ligands (L) are amino acids and DNA constituents. The ternary complexes of amino acids and DNA are formed by simultaneous reactions respectively. The results showed the formation of Cu (PVA) (L) complexes with amino acids and DNA. Amino acids form both Cu (PVA)(L) complexes and the corresponding protonated  Cu(PVA)(LH) and deprotonated species Cu(PVA)(LH−1). The ternary complexes of copper (II) with (PVA) and DNA are formed in a stepwise process, whereby binding of copper (II) to (PVA) is followed by ligation of the DNA components. DNA constituents form 1:1 complexes with Cu (PVA). The stability of these ternary complexes was quantitatively compared with their corresponding binary complexes in terms of the parameter ∆ log10K. The values of ∆ log10K indicate that the ternary complexes containing aromatic amino acids were significantly more stable than the complexes containing alkyl- and hydroxyl alkyl substituted amino acids. The concentration distribution of various complex species formed in solution was also evaluated as a function of pH. The antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against some selected bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the metal complexes are found to have antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Synthesis of Furopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Megid Mohamed Abdel , El-Kazak Azza Mohamed , Seada Magdy Hamed , Farouk Osama Mohamed
Published: May 2018

Furopyrimidines have been known for many years and have been thoroughly examined in the recent years. The present review deals with description of the various synthetic routes for  furopyrimidine derivatives.
Evaluation of IR Spectral Analysis and Dyeing Parameters for Plasma and /or Nano-Silver Treatments of Polyester and Nylon Fabrics
Authors: Ibrahim Saher Fawzy , Essa D. M. , Elnagar Khaled , Abdel-Razik Ahmed M. , Abdel-Rahman Adel A.-H
Published: May 2018

In our work of this paper, we study the effect of surface modification of polyester and nylon fabrics induced by DC plasma discharge and/ or nano-siliver treatments .DC plasma discharge was employed at first, as a function of plasma device parameters including different time, different current and different hydrostatic pressure using chemically inert working gas: argon or nitrogen. Optimization of the performance of the applied DC plasma discharge with various applied conditions were performed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy spectral analysis, by following up the changes in the peak intensity values of the characteristic functional groups that characterize polyester fabric. Then the dyeing properties of different pretreated fabrics with plasma by the best conditions are subjected to nano-silver treatment by concentration 50 ppm under the effect of different dye concentrations, different dyeing temperature and different dyeing time. Finally, the fastness properties to light and washing for the treated samples were studied. The results obtained showed that both of the dyeing parameters and fastness properties were highly improved by the treatment of fabrics by either individual plasma treatment or combined DC cold plasma and nano-silver treatments.
Ultrasonic Waves Assisted Synthesis of Curcuminoids Based on 3-Methylacetylacetone and in Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped with Curcuminoids
Authors: Saeed Bahjat A. , Neamah Faiz O. , Elias Rita S.
Published: May 2018

Ultrasonic irradiation was used to induce the Knuevenagle reaction between aromatic aldehydes and 3-methylacetylacetone to synthesize curcumin analogues with moderate to good yields. The structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis and from their mass and 1HNMR spectra. In situ curcumin-gold nanoparticles were synthesized. The solutions of the prepared nanoparticles have purple to deep-red colors and their UV-vis spectra were characterized by the Surface Plasmon Resonance bands within the range 538-554 nanometer.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside Triphosphates. Does It Involve An Ion-Radical Path ?
Authors: Buchachenko Anatoly L. , Grigoryev Maxim E. , Breslavskaya Natalya N. , Kuznetsov Dmitry A.
Published: May 2018

Accumulation and release of energy in the nucleoside triphosphate enzymatic synthesis and hydrolysis does not limited to a routine energy consuming nucleophilic mechanism. These processes require an overcoming the large energy barrier exceeding a total value of accumulated or released energy level by at least 3 – 4 times (~10 kcal/mol). This energy is supposed to be taken from the mechanical compression of the catalytic site and used to form P–O chemical bond by a direct nucleophilic addition of phosphate to nucleoside diphosphate (ADP as an example). A new, energetically “cheap”, ion-radical mechanism of the ATP biosynthesis has been proposed due to the observation of magnetic isotope and magnetic field effects on the ATP synthesis. This mechanism is about to generate  a compression energy to “spend” on a partial dehydratation of magnesium ion inside the nucleotidyl transferase catalyric site (energy cost of this process is 3-5 kcal/mol, i.e. by 2-3 times less than a total accumulated or released energy). Dehydration of this ion is to increase its electron affinity and hence to stimulate an electron transfer from ADP3- to Mg2+. This reaction is a starting point of the ion-radical mechanism considering the molecular mechanics of enzymatic machines and its quantum chemistry background as well. To the contrast of a hardly controllable nucleophilic path, the ion-radical mechanism might be turned on/off  by a targeted delivery of  paramagnetic magnesium ions, 25Mg2+, towards the phosphate transferring enzyme catalytic site. The magnesium isotope substitution is easily reachable by the endo-osmotic pressure techniques, which makes it attractive for further biotechnological and/or pharmacological application(s).
Development of Simple Green Spectrophotometric and Conductometric Methods for Determination of Cephalosporins in Pure, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms and Human Urine
Authors: Sayed Rania Adel , Hassan Wafaa Sayed , El-Mammli Magda Youssif , Shalaby Abdalla
Published: May 2018

Five Simple, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric and conductometric methods were developed for the determination of four third generation cephalosporins, namely, cefotaxime sodium (I) , cefoperazone sodium (II), ceftazidime pentahydrate (III) and cefdinir (IV) in pure active ingredient, pharmaceutical dosage forms and human urine. Method A: is based on the reaction of the sulphide ions produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of the cited four drugs with P- aminophenol (PAP). This reaction results in a thionine dye (phenothiazine derivative) formation which exhibits maximum absorbance at 545 nm. Method B: is based on oxidation of drug (I and III) with a known excess of n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in acidic medium followed by the determination of unreacted amount of n-bromosuccinimide  with metol and sulphanilic acid. The purple-red reaction product exhibits maximum absorbance at 520 nm. Method C: is based on the formation of yellow chelate between drug (IV) and palladium (II) chloride in buffered medium (pH  3.5) with an absorption maximum at 314 nm.  Method D: is based on the reaction of drug (IV) with aqueous ninhydrin to give yellow colored product in the presence of bicarbonate with an absorption maximum at 433 nm . Method E: A conductometric method is based on the reaction of the four cited drugs with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) forming an ion associate in aqueous medium. Validation of the proposed methods was carried out. All proposed methods were successfully applied for the commercial dosage forms of the cited drugs. Method C was successfully applied for the determination of cefdinir in human urine.
One-Pot Synthesis of Benzoxanthenes in Solvent Free Condition using Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids as Catalyst
Authors: Kirti Sugat , Masram Dhanraj T.
Published: May 2018

A mild and efficient method has been developed for the preparation of 14-aryl-14H dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes from one-pot condensation of aldehydes with β-naphthol using catalytic amount of Chloroaluminate ionic liquid (imidazolium chloride·3AlCl3 or pyridiniumchloride·3AlCl3) under thermal solvent-free conditions. Excellent yields, short reaction times, easy workup and reusability of the catalyst as well as solvent free conditions are advantages of this procedure.
Electrochemical Reactions at Sacrificial Electrodes: Electrochemical Synthesis of Aluminium(III) Alkoxides and their Coordination Compounds
Authors: Singh Baljit , Bala Kanchan , Singh Kishanpal , Singh Sukhveer
Published: May 2018

Electrochemical   reactions of methanol, ethanol, propan-l-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, heptan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol and decan-1-ol (ROH) at sacrificial aluminium anode and inert platinum cathode in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride as a conductive additive and acetonitrile as solvent yield aluminium(III) alkoxides. On refluxing with ligand (L) {where L = 2,2’-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline} these alkoxides don’t form coordination compounds. However, the coordination compounds have been prepared by electrolyzing the solution of above alcohols in the presence of ligand (L) at aluminium anode. These products have been characterized by microanalysis, physical measurements and IR spectral studies.General formula conform to M(OR)3 and M(OR)3.L.{where M- Aluminium and L- ligand}.All these reactions proceed with high current efficiencies.
Isolation of crude-oil-degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis from the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea
Authors: Sanayei Yasaman
Published: May 2018

Oil spills are a major menace to the environment because they severely damage the surrounding ecosystems. Persian Gulf in this century, Situating in the middle east, having more than 65 percent of world’s oil and gas resources, having huge biodiversity and existing rich resources of pearls and shells have made this location unique and valuable. Oil and gas field wastewater or produced water is a significant waste stream in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch reactor  process treating produced wastewater were investigated and compared. The SBR was operated in different hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8, 20 and 44 h. Operation results showed that for a HRT of 20 h, the combined process effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD, oil removal efficiencies were 90.9 and 91.5 %, respectively .In this study, sequencing batch reactor(SBR) was used to treat synthetic and real produced water crude-oil-degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteria was isolated from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Based on a high growth rate on crude oil and on hydrocarbon degradation ability. The combination of a SBR inoculated with a consortium of isolated halophilic microorganisms and a membrane filtration is an efficient, reliable, and compact process for organic matter produced water treatment without prior dilution.
Density and Acidic Solution Calorimetry Studies of the 0.333CaO-0.667[xSiO2-(1-x)P2O5] Glassy System
Authors: Lago W. S. R. , Kouyaté A. , Ange Ahoussou Privat
Published: May 2018

Glassy samples of the 0.333CaO-0.667[xSiO2-(1-x)P2O5] system are prepared by the melt quenching technique. Accurate density and solution enthalpy measurements were performed by pycnometry at 296.15 K and acid solution calorimetry at 298.15 K, respectively. Excess molar volume and mixing enthalpy from the ideal behavior over the entire mole fraction range were calculated. These excess thermodynamic properties are negative over the whole composition range showing attractive and contraction behavior with the increase in the silica content. Excess properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister type equation. Examination of the behavior of the excess properties indicates that deviations from ideality can be attributed mainly to the formation of mixed association complexes.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid profiles, antioxidant activity and expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in liver and intestine of hypercholesterolemic mice
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Norouzian Parham , Jamshidi Mohammad , Najafi Nader , Oshaghi Ebrahim Abbasi
Published: May 2018

Garlic is one of the medicinal plants, which has shown many useful effects, including Antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic effects. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a cell-surface receptor which mediated selective cholesterol ester uptake from the HDL particle. SR-BI also has an important role in cholesterol absorption in the intestine.  Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=8); group 1:  received chow + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), group 2: chow + 4% (w/w) garlic extract + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), and group 3: chow only. After one-month mice were sacrificed, blood was collected; lipid profile and blood glucose were determined enzymatically as well as mRNA and protein levels of SR-BI were determined by RT-PCR and westernblot respectively. Compared with hypercholesterolemic control, garlic extract significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and  atherogenic index (all of them P<0.05). The activity of  Super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione (GSH)  and catalase levels were markedly increased in garlic-treated animals compared with hypercholesterolemic animals (p<0.05). The plasma levels of MDA markedly reduced in garlic group compared with hypercholesterolemic group. Intestinal SR-BI mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in garlic extract mice treatment compared with hypercholesterolemic control. Levels of liver SR-BI protein significantly reduced in hypercholesterolemic group (P<0.05). In conclusion, garlic extract markedly reduced TC, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and atherogenic index, as compared with the hypercholesterolemic control group. On the other hand garlic extract led to down-regulation of SR-BI protein and mRNA in the intestine of mice.
THE INHIBITION AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF DTPMP TSC ON STAINLESS STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: Kumar P. Selva
Published: May 2018

The inhibition effect of diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) and Trisodium Citrate (TSC) on thecorrosion behavior of stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was investigated by using weight loss method. The combinedcorrosion inhibition efficiency offered 200 ppm of DTPMP and 150 ppm of TSC was 95%. Polarization study showed thatthe inhibitors inhibit stainless steel corrosion through mixed mode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)results confirm the adsorption of the inhibitors at stainless steel/acid interface. The adsorption of DTPMP and TSC ontothe stainless steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm modes. Negative values of (Î”Gads) in theacid media ensured the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The nature of the protective film formed on the metalsurface has been analyzed by FTIR spectra, SEM and AFM analysis. The activation energy (Ea), free energy change(Î”Gads), enthalpy change (Î”Hads) and entropy change (Î”Sads) were calculated to understand the corrosion inhibitionmechanism.
Determination of Zinc levels in Healthy Adults from the West of Algeria by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Attar Tarik , Medjati Nouria Dennouni , Harek Yahia , Larabi Lahcene
Published: May 2018

An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of zinc in whole blood by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The best conditions were found to be electrolyte support perchloric acid 0.02M, an accumulation potential of -1150 mV, and an accumulation time of 60 s. The optimum value of stirring rate was determined to be 400 rpm. The correlation coefficient and relative standard deviation were 0.9999 and 3.96% respectively with a detection limit of 0.86 µg L-1. Zinc levels in whole blood samples of 53 healthy subjects living in Tlemcen (west Algeria).
A-Alkenoyl Ketene S,S- and N,S-Acetals As Starting For Unexpected and Novel Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
Authors: El-Saghier Ahmed M. M. , Makhlouf Mansour A. , Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , El-Adawish Wedad A.
Published: May 2018

A series of N-heterocycles such as diazaspiro-[4.5]decane,  pyrazolo[4,3-d][1,2]-diazepine, imidazo[3,2,1ij][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives or  pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol were synthesized using a-alkenoyl-, a,a-dialkenoyl ketene-(S,S)-acetals 2a-d, 3a-c or a-dialkenoyl ketene-(N,S)-acetal 12 as starting materials. The biological activity of some new synthesized compounds have been investigated.
One-Pot Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,2-Oxazines by Cyclization of Ketoximes with Derivatives of Allylbenzene
Authors: Yahya Raad Kasim , Rai K. M. Lokanatha , Musad Ebraheem Abdu , Sowmya P. T.
Published: May 2018

A new series of 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines were synthesized via hetero Diels-Alder reaction of  α-nitrosolefins with derivatives of allylbenzene. α-Nitrosoolefins were generated from ketoximes by the action of chloramine-T and triethylamine.
Electrospun Nanofibers of Acrylonitrile and Itaconic Acid Copolymers and their Stabilization
Authors: Sen Selda Sen
Published: May 2018

(APS) as an oxidant in the aqueous medium,and nanofibers produced by electrospinning . Electrospun nanofiber mats were by treated heat under air atmosphere to be stabilized. Nanofiber production from AN-IA copolymers and suitability of the nanofiber as carbon nanofiber precursor is discussed. Copolymer are characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared - Attenuated Total Reflectance spectrometer (FTIR-ATR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effect of IA content on the spectroscopic and thermal properties of AN-IA copolymers was investigated. Increasing IA content confirmed by spectroscopic methods seriously affects thermal properties which is important for carbon nanofiber production. IA provides a catalytic effect on stabilization process by decreasing initiation cyclization reaction temperature from 202 to 195 oC. Elecrospinning from the AN-IA copolymer solutions in dimethyl foramide (DMF) was performed, morphology of nanofibers was monitored using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Bead free nanofibers were produced from AN-IA copolymer solutions under same conditions. Average nanofiber diameter decreases from 878±18 to 376±7 nm according to increasing IA content in copolymers. The nanofiber mats produced were treated at high temperature under air atmosphere for oxidative stabilization. Stabilized nanofibers were characterized using FTIR-ATR spectrometer and a new structure was monitored as a result of cyclization reactions. The stabilized nanofibers were also characterized mophologically using SEM. Volume loss occurring after heat treatment calculated based on the nanofiber diameter changes. Consequently, electrospun nanofibers can be suggested as a carbon nanofiber precursor due to suitability for electrospinning and stabilization process.
Theoretical study of Aniline-Thiophene based Polymers
Authors: Zamora P. P. Zamora
Published: May 2018

In this work, two kinds of novel thiophene-aniline polymers, were studied through theoretical protocols in order to find new insights about the polymerization mechanism, the chemical structure and optical properties exhibited by this kind of conducting materials. The dual descriptorâ€”a local reactivity descriptor derived from conceptual density functional theoryâ€” and the condensed electrophilic Fukui index were used to describe the most probable sites of polymerization. Frontier orbitals energies were calculated to predict the band gap of both polymeric films. All results demonstrated how theoretical protocols help in the understanding of chemical polymerization mechanism and in the prediction of relevant properties, which can accelerate the synthesis process of new monomers
Homocysteine and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Dorszewska Jolanta
Published: May 2018

Homocysteine (Hcy) is formed from methionine (Met) and is distributed in two metabolic pathways: in the process of remethylation to Met and in the process of transsulfuration to cysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurological diseases such as: Alzheimerâ€™s and Parkinsonâ€™s diseases, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Increased Hcy level may lead to endothelial dysfunction due to impaired bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). The molecular mechanism decreasing the levels of NO in HHcy conditions is incompletely understood, but it seems that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, may be a key factor. ADMA is formed from L-arginine by enzymes in the family of protein N-methyltransferases (PRMT) and may undergo hydrolysis to L-citrulline and dimethylamine with the participation of dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). In pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, Hcy may lead to increased ADMA concentrations by inhibiting the activity of DDAH. Several drugs, such L-dopa, antiepileptic drugs, and lipid-lowering drugs, may interfere with the metabolic pathways of thiols, leading to an alteration of plasma Hcy and ADMA levels. It seems that administration of L-arginine, in conjunction with B vitamins, to patients with HHcy may be a new method in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison of Dissolved Metal Constituents of Borehole and Well Water in Osogbo Metropolis
Authors: D.P Oparinde , A. A Adesiyan , O.F Adesiyan , Moses Akiibinu O.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Water is considered safe for consumption only if the dissolved particles are not hazardous to health. This study evaluated and compared the concentrations of certain metals in water from bore-holes and wells in Osogbo metropolis. Methods: A total number of 36 boreholes and 36 wells from six different geographical zones of Osogbo were used for this study. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc were determined in them using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.Results: Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and manganese, increased significantly (P<0.05) while the level of copper decreased significantly (P<0.05) in well-water when compared with bore hole-water. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) observed in the levels of iron and lead in well-water when compared with bore-hole water. Zinc, cadmium, chromium, selenium and cobalt were not detected in both water samples. Levels of Mg, Pb and Cu were higher in both well and bore hole waters of Osogbo metropolis when compared with the WHO standard for drinkable water.Conclusion: It could be concluded in this study that well water may contain more dissolved metals from the top soil. To avoid metal-induced toxicity, feasibility studies may be necessary to ensure that wells are not sited in areas where toxic materials have been deposited.
Synthesis and Bio-Spectral Studies of Co(II) Complex of 5-Chloro-2,4-Dihydroxy Butyrophenoneoxime (CDHBOX)
Authors: Rehman F. , Bhardwaj M. , Jetley U.K.
Published: May 2018

Co(II) complex of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy butyrophenoneoxime (CDHBOX) was synthesized from 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy butyrophenoneoxime by using standard protocol, and characterized by elemental analyses, melting point determination and spectral data. The ML2 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry of the complex was determined by spectrophotometric and potentiometric studies, and mass spectral data. The value of stability constant of the complex was found to be 6.94x 108 while its standard free energy of formation is 12.155 kcal/mol at 27ºC. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 2-15 ppm of Co. The value of molar extinction coefficient and sensitivity as per Sandell’s scale were found to 3.35x 103 L.mol-1cm-1and 0.017 μg Co/cm2 respectively. The value of activation energy and the Arrhenius constant Arrhenius constant were found as 4.949 kjmol-1, 74.39. The IR studies reveal that the phenolic proton is lost on complexation and the oxygen of the phenolic (–OH) and nitrogen of the oximino (=NOH) groups coordinate with Co(II) ion. The electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurement indicate that the complex is paramagnetic and tetrahedral in nature. The antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of ligand and its Co(II)-complex  has been evaluated against Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata fungi  and Streproproteus, Staph, Escherchia coli, Klebsella, and pseudomonas bacteria. The results indicated that the ligand (CDHBOX) and its Co(II) complex have good anti-microbial properties.
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Prepared by Hydrolysis in Polyol Medium, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties after Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Mechay Abderrahmen , Jouini Noureddine , Schoenstein Fréderic
Published: May 2018

This Letter describes a new approach for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles by polyol process has been successfully conducted by spark plasma sintering process, resulting in a dense hydroxyapatite compacts. Besides, the sintering behaviour of hydroxyapatite powders at different temperatures ranging from 800°C to 950°C at 50 MPa was studied. The microstructure, Vickers microhardness, fracture toughness and density are described. The suitable sintering condition under the pressure of 50 MPa is 900°C for 5 min. A maximum value of the density was reached at around 900°C, and then decreased with further increase in the temperature due to the decomposition of hydroxyapatite into β-tricalcium phosphates.
Design and Synthesis of azo Derivatives of 5-Fluorouacil for Targeting Colon Cancer
Authors: Ulaiwy Mohammad Abdul Amir , Mohammed Mohammed Hassan
Published: May 2018

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a drug that belong to the antimetabolite class of antineoplastic agents, with a broad spectrum of activity against solid tumors, the use of oral 5-FU was abandoned decades ago because of its irregular absorption and rapid degradation. A potential strategy to improve the selective properties of 5-FU is the chemical transformation into reversible derivatives (prodrugs) which are converted to the parent drug by virtue of enzymatic or chemical means. In the present study, three derivatives of 5-fluorouracil have been designed to be synthesized as an azo derivatives of 5-fluorouracil in order to selectively deliver 5-fluorouracil into the cancer cells of the colon. The synthesis of the target compounds were accomplished following multistep reaction procedures. The chemical reactions were followed up and purity of the products was checked by TLC. The structure of the final compounds and their intermediates were characterized and identified by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis. Compounds 2 and 3 were subjected to a stability study in phosphate buffer (pH 1.5 and 7.8) for different time intervals (0 – 240 min) at 37°C.
One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel 2-Thioxo-Benzo[6,7]Chromeno[2,3d]Pyrimidin-4-one Derivatives using Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: Ahanthem Dini , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: May 2018

The novel 2-thioxo-benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives were prepared by one pot multicomponent condensation reaction involving thiobarbituric acids, aromatic aldehydes and β-napthol in acetonitrile-water as solvent using surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at water bath temperature in good yields. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data.
Cd-proline Complex Catalyzed Direct one-Pot three Component Mannich Reaction in Water Medium
Authors: Moirangthem Soniya D. , Thingom Bhavna , Laitonjam Warjeet S
Published: May 2018

Metal-proline complexes of various metals like Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb were found to be good catalysts for direct Mannich reaction in water medium at room temperature, smoothly affording the β-amino carbonyl compounds in excellent yields. Among the catalyst cadmium-proline complex gave high yield in lesser time. All the catalysts were easily separated from the reaction mixture by water extraction and among this cadmium -proline complex was found to be most stable and can be recycled five times without losing its catalytic activity.
Speciation Study of Heavy Metals in Soil within the Vicinity of a Metal Recycling Factory at Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyekunle John Adekunle Oyedele , Adekunle Abolanle Saheed , Ogunfowokan Aderemi Okunola , Durosinmi Lateefat Moyosore , Adelowotan Olusola , Oyeku Olugbenga Timothy
Published: May 2018

A speciation study of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in soil samples from a metal recycling factory in Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria, was carried out in order to assess the heavy metal pollution impact of the industrial processes on the immediate environment. Surface soil dust samples collected within the vicinity of the factory were subjected to a five-stage sequential extraction process. Levels of heavy metals in each fraction were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The overall mean values obtained for the metals in the fractions gave the range: Al (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.20 ± 0.01 µg/g ); Cd (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/g) ; Cu (2.93 ± 0.02 to 18.30 ± 1.95 µg/g) ; Mn (17.33 ± 0.03 to 91.68 ± 2.90 µg/g); Pb (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.02 µg/g)  and Zn (8.20 ± 0.01 to 35.08 ± 0.02 µg/g) . Both the contamination index and enrichment factor results indicated that all the soil samples were contaminated with Cd while a few sites showed Cu contamination. The mobility potential of the metals in the soil sample decreased in the order: Mn > Al > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb (West) and Cd > Al > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cu (East). The study revealed that the soil around the metal recycling factory is contaminated with heavy metals, and if left unmonitored and controlled could lead to serious environmental risk in the future.
Synthesis and Preliminary Kinetic Study of 5-fluorouracil Derivatives for Targeting Colon Tumor
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H. , Rahi Firas Aziz , Naji Hasanain Amer
Published: May 2018

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used widely as an anticancer drug to treat solid cancers, such as colon, breast, rectal, and pancreatic cancers; although it’s clinical application is greatly limited by its short plasma half-life, poor tumor affinity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal toxicity. To tackle these problems, numerous modifications of the 5- Fu structure have been performed.Thus, 5-Fu as possible colon specific prodrugs were synthesized in which 5-Fu is attached to amino acids (alanine & phenylalanine) using succinate group as a spacer via amide or ester bond. An approach to improve the properties of 5-fluorouracil is the chemical transformation into bioreversible derivatives (prodrugs) which are converted to the parent drug by enzymatic and / or chemical hydrolysis. The synthesis of the target compounds were accomplished following multistep reaction procedures, the chemical reaction followed up and the purity of the products were checked by TLC.   The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectra. The hydrolysis of compounds III, IV, V, and VI in aqueous buffer solutions of pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 were studied.   Compounds III, IV, V and VI had enough stability at pH 1.2 (t = 429.874min, t =429.874min, t=334.336min and t =376.139min respectively) and at pH 7.4 (t=601.823min, t=601.823min, t=429.874min and t=501.519min respectively); expecting that hydrolysis of these compounds by microbial enzymes in the colon will deliver 5-fluorouracil spontaneously.
Utility of Certain Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions for the Assay of Ethamsylate in its Dosage forms and in Presence of its Degradation Product
Authors: Belal F. , EL-Din M. Sharaf , Tolba M. M. , Alaa H.
Published: May 2018

The study represents the first report on the development of spectrophotometric methods for determination of ethamsylate (EST) in the presence of hydroquinone as an impurity and/or acidic degradation product. The proposed methods are based on the reaction of EST through it,s secondary amino group either with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate sodium (NQS) at pH 10.7 or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) at pH 9.3 to form orange and yellow colored reaction products peaking at 478 and 387 nm for methods (I) and (II), respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the reaction products in methods (I) and (II) were carefully studied and optimized. The absorbance-concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 2-30 and 2-14 µg mL−1 for methods (I) and (II), respectively. The lower detection limits were 0.13 and 0.19 µg mL−1 and the lower quantitation limits were 0.44 and 0.63 µg mL−1 for methods (I) and (II), respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to commercial ampoules and tablets.
IMPACT OF INSTANTANEOUS CONTROLLED PRESSURE PROP (DIC) TECHNOLOGY ON EXTRACTION OF TOTAL PHENOLS OF MOROCCAN SALVIA OFFICINALIS
Authors: Fatima-Zohra Mharti , Abdelfattah Abdellaoui , Ibtisam Kamal , Badiaa Lyoussi , Tamara Allaf , Karim Allaf
Published: May 2018

The main objective of this study was to intensify the extraction of total phenols from Salvia officinalis L. using instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) as a texturing pre-treatment. The effect of solvent type on Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was also studied. TPC was determined using spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteau method and external calibration with Gallic acid. The obtained results showed that water was the most efficient solvent to extract total phenols from Salvia officinalis L. Moreover, texturing and expansion by DIC pretreatment had a great impact on polyphenol yields and revealed greater extraction kinetics. Likewise, drying kinetics of DIC-treated sage was enhanced compared to the raw material. DIC-assisted extraction can be considered as a promising technology to use in the case of the Moroccan Salvia officinalis L. as an important Mediterranean source of natural phenols.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Characterization of a New Non-Centrosymmetric Organic Cation Iodate
Authors: Dhiab A.C. , Sta W. Smirani , Rzaigui M.
Published: May 2018

The synthesis, crystal structure and physico-chemical characterization are presented for the piperazinium bis iodate dihydrate. An X-ray investigation has shown that this compound crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric monoclinic system, space group Pc with the lattice parameters: a = 8.969 (2) Å, b = 6.027 (3)  Å, c = 11.958 (2)  Å; V = 612.7 (3)  Å3 and Z = 2. The structure was solved from 3546 independent reflexions with R1 = 0.053 and wR2 = 0.130. I…O halogen bonds [R22(4) graph-set motif] range between 2.770 (4) and 3.108 (1) Å and connect neighboring IO-3 anions with each other so as to create a bi-dimensional layer parallel to the (b,c) plane. These layers are interconnected via N−H…O and C−H…O, to the piperazinium dication to generate a three-dimensional network.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal studies of Novel Organomercury Driven from Sulfa Drugs Part 1
Authors: Fahad Tarek Ali , AL-Jadaan Shaker.A.N.
Published: May 2018

Two new heterocyclic Organmercury compounds   were prepared from the reaction of Sulfamethaxazole and Sulfadiazine with 4-acetaminophenol as a coupler and separated as solids with characteristic colors. these compounds were characterized by F.T.IR-spectroscopy 1H-NMR , Micro-elemental Analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques . The work involves a study of acid – base properties compounds at different pH values, the ionization and protonation constants were calculated. The thermal behavior of these two compounds   were investigated on the basis of thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi-stage processes.
Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Effect of the Essential Oil from Mentha Spicata Irrigated by Wastewater on the Alkaline Corrosion of Aluminum
Authors: Bensabah F. , Houbairi S. , Essahli M. , Lamiri A. , Naja J.
Published: May 2018

Mentha Spicata irrigated by wastewater from the city of Settat (Morocco) was tested as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in 0.1 M Na2CO3 using polarization method and weight loss measurements. The inhibition efficiency of mentha spicata oil was calculated and compared. We note good agreement between these methods. The results obtained showed that the tested inhibitor reduces the kinetic process of corrosion of aluminum.  Its efficiency increases with the concentration and attained 82 % at 1600 ppm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of aluminum in 0.1 M Na2CO3 was also studied in the range 283 K and 313 K. The thermodynamic data of activation were determined. The analysis of mentha spicata oil obtained by hydro-distillation using gas chromatography (GC) showed that the major components are carvone 57.11 % and limonene 27.77%.
Thermal stability of N-(α-amino-dodecyl)-benzotriazole
Authors: Vega-Paz Araceli , Montiel Luisa E. , Zuriaga-Monroy Carolina , Martínez-Magadan José-Manuel , Marín-Cruz Jesús
Published: May 2018

N-(α-amino-alkyl)-benzotriazole, a derivative of Benzotriazole (BTZ), was synthesized via a Mannich reaction addition. The chemical characterization shows that when C19H32N4supramolecule is subjected to heating process the covalent bonds of aminal carbon are broken, modifying supramolecule structure, this results in a rearrangement to the structure dodecan ammonium-1-benzotriazol-1-ate, [BTZ- amine12+].Quantum chemical calculations based on DFT method were performed on the C19H32N4 molecule. The results show that in a derivative of BTZ exists a weak bond where its break may occur.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activity of Some New Oganotellurium Compounds Containing Azomethine Group, Part One
Authors: Al-Asadi Rafid H. , Fahad Tarik A. , Saeed Bahjat A. , Al-Masoudi Wasfi A.
Published: May 2018

New tellurated schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding mercurated Schiff  bases compounds A1-A3 with tellurium tetrabromide in 1:1 mole ratio and  that  gave organyltellurium tribromides  A4-A6.  On the other hand, when mercurated schiff bases and tellurium tetrabromide brought  together in 2:1 mole ratio gave diorganyltellurium dibromides compounds A10-A12 followed by reduction with hydrazine hydrate gave new diorganyl tellurides A13-A15.  Reduction of compounds A4-A6 by  hydrazine hydrate gave new ditellurides A7-A9.  All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H , 13C NMR, HSQC-NMR and mass spectra.  Invitro anti-tumor bioactivity of some compounds were tested.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Benzoxazinone and Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: M.G. Assy , A.A. Abdalha , A.E Abdel Aziz
Published: May 2018

Ring opening reactions of benzoxazinone (2) with nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles gave the corresponding benzamides (3)&(4) and benzoates (5).Quinazolinone derivatives (6) and (7) were obtained upon treatment of (2) with hydrazine hydrate and/or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.Triazole derivatives (8a – b) were obtained when (2) was subjected to react with semicarbazide and/or thiosemicarbazide respectively. Reaction of (2) with sodium azide gave a mixture of tetrazole derivative (9) and benzoimidazolone derivative (10). The antimicrobial activity of  some synthesized compounds was examined against bacteria, fungi and yeast. Some of the tested compounds showed promising activities.
A Facile One-pot Synthesis of New Pyrazolopyrimidines and Pyrazolo Pyridines Derivatives
Authors: Ahmed Hatem Abdel Moniem
Published: May 2018

A Simple Facile One-pot reaction, novel and efficient rout for the synthesis of substituted pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidines, and pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridines, results from reaction of substituted-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles with malononitrile and diethylmalonate respectively. The structures of the products and conceivable mechanisms are discussed. The antibacterial activity of some new synthesized compounds was evaluated and seemed to be significant.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Organic Conducting Polymers
Authors: Hasoon Salah Abdulla
Published: May 2018

Novel electrically conducting polymeric materials are prepared in this work. Polythiophene (PT) and poly (3-Methelthiophene) (P3MT) films were prepared by electro-polymerization method using cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile as a solvent and lithium tetrafluoroborate as the electrolyte on a gold electrode. Electrical properties of P3MT have been examined in different environments using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and quantum mechanical ab initio calculations, The observed absorption peaks at 314 and 415 nm, were attributed to the n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively in the conjugated polymer chain, in contrast, the observed absorbance peak at 649 nm, is responsible for electric conduction. The temperature dependence of the conductivity can be fitted to the Arrhenius and the VTF equations in different temperature ranges.
Metal concentrations in river water and bed sediments of the Lower Litani River Bassin, Lebanon
Authors: Nehme Nada , Haydar Chaden , Koubeissy Bachar , Fakih Mohamad , Awad Sadek , Toufaily Joumana , Villieras Frederic , Hamieh Tayssir
Published: May 2018

The distribution of pollutants in the Litani River is almost severe. It resulted from domestic, sewage, agricultural and industrial sources. In this study, the distribution of metals (Cu, Fe, Cd, Mg, Zn, Pb , Al, Ba, Ni, Mn, Ag and Cr) were measured in river water and the bed sediments of the Lower Litani River Basin (LLRB). The impacts of metals on the water quality were monitored during the rainy, mid rainy and dry season in the year 2012. The objectives of this study were first to identify possible sources of metals (i.e. geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterize the chemical behavior of these metals in water and bed sediments. Water and bed load sediments were sampled at six sites along the LLRB main watercourse, The metal concentrations in the river sediments were remarkably high, but varied between different sampling sites, and the concentrations in water were mainly within the permissible limits. The metal contents in bed sediment were highest during closure of summer period. By applying the principal component analysis applied to total and extractable metal contents as a tool for studying metal pollution in the LLRB, it was useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural sources.
Critical Evaluation of Possible Contamination by Toxic Metals in Powdered Milk During the Production Process
Authors: Mainier Fernando B , Filho Dalmo Lima , Filha Aída Maria Bittencout
Published: May 2018

This study used an interdisciplinary approach to bring together some of the necessary and fundamental knowledge in the processing of powdered milk, mainly in relation to the materials used in the manufacture of equipment used in industrial processing. In order to clarify this issue, questions are presented on problems of corrosion, erosion and contamination by microorganisms that can generate or contribute to toxic metal leaching and consequently contaminate milk powder. In this work, we developed a method using atomic absorption spectroscopy with electro-thermal atomization to determine levels of cadmium, lead and nickel. To evaluate the possibility of contamination, we tested 15 samples of various brands of milk powder purchased in shops. Fortunately, the levels of these elements, in all samples, were lower than the maxima allowed under Brazilian law. However, this method of chemical analysis can be used as a tool of quality as the contamination that may occur during the production process.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of [(CH3 CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O)
Authors: Dhouib Ikram , Guionneau Philippe , Mhiri Tahar , Elaoud Zakaria
Published: May 2018

Single crystals of [(CH3CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O) were grown by the slow evaporation technique and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The title compound belongs to the triclinic space group P with the following unit cell dimensions: a =7.5425(4) Å, b=9.8464 Å, c=13.7671(6) Å, α=89.951(3)°,β=89.753(3)°, γ=81.861(3)°, Z=4. These structures have solved using direct methods and refined by least-squares analysis. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined to final R value of 0.0567. The projection of [(CH3CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O) in the plan (a,b) shows an arrangement in layers perpendicular to the direction b . The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional planes built connected ions and water molecules by strong O-H…O and O-H…Cl hydrogen bonding.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of some Novel Isoindoline-1,3-Dione Derivatives
Authors: Lamie Phoebe F.
Published: May 2018

New phthalimido derivatives incorporated with chalcone, pyrazole,  pyrazoline, and pyrimidine moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains. 2-{4-[1-Acetyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl} isoindoline-1,3-dione (7) showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both G+ and G- bacteria. While, (E)-2-{4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)acryloyl]phenyl}isoindoline-1,3-dione (4b) showed promising antifungal activity.