bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora katsurae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stamps D. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phytophthora katsurae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Chestnut, coconut. DISEASE: Trunk rot of chestnut. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan, Taiwan), Oceania (Hawaii), Africa (Ivory Coast), Australasia (Australia (Queensland), Papua New Guinea). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, isolated from forest soils in Taiwan (59, 2349), Queensland and Papua New Guinea and from chestnut orchard soils in Japan (58, 2951).
Phytophthora drechsleri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stamps D. Jean
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phytophthora drechsleri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A wide range including potato, tomato, lucerne, members of the Cucurbitaceae, safflower, ornamentals and trees. DISEASE: Tuber rot of potato, various root rots, damping-off, soft rots, bark canker of
Albizzia
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt, Madagascar, Zimbabwe), Asia (Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea), Europe (France, Greece, UK), North America (Canada, Mexico, USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia) (CMI Map 281, ed. 3, 1979). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, affected by irrigation (47, 592). Survival of the safflower pathogen on weed hosts (53, 1907).
Phaeoramularia angolensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phaeoramularia angolensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of
Citrus
including
C. aurantium
and
C. sinensis
. DISEASE: Leaf and fruit spot. In young leaves and fruit a generalized necrosis sometimes forms resulting in defoliation and fruit drop. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Asia (Yemen). TRANSMISSION: Possibly from air borne conidia, survival mechanisms unknown.
Phaeoisariopsis glochidii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phaeoisariopsis glochidii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of
Glochidion
including
G. coriaceum, G. ferdinandi, G. Ianceolarium, G. multiloculare, G. philippinense
,
G. velutinum
. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Hong Kong, India (Uttar Pradesh), Sri Lanka), Australasia & Oceania (Australia (Qd), Papua New Guinea). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air borne conidia. Survival mechanisms unknown.
Ramularia decipiens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Wilson S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia decipiens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Rumex aquaticus, R. crispus, R. dentatus, R. nepalensis, R. orientalis, R. patientia, R. persicarioides, R
.
venosus
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Rumex
spp. Lesions irregular, angular, rust-brown or buff with dark brown border. Size varies from 2-8 mm (mostly 5-6 mm) diam. Sporulation occurs on the underside of leaves and gives a frosted appearance to lesion. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
North America
: USA (Dakota, Montana, Wyoming);
Asia
: China, India, Taiwan, Pakistan;
Africa
: Kenya;
Europe
: Sweden, Turkey. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind-dispersal by air-borne spores.
Ramularia rufomaculans
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Wilson S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia rufomaculans
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Polygonum amphibium, P. aviculare, P. coccineum, P. erectum, P. hydropiper, P. persicaria
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Polygonum
spp., lesions on both sides, irregular, rust-brown becoming grey-black, size varies from 2-23 mm (usually 8-10 mm) diam. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
North America
: USA (Washington), Canada (Saskatchewan). TRANSMISSION: Not known, probably wind dispersal by air-borne spores.
Ramularia polygoni
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Wilson S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia polygoni
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Polygonum amplexicaule
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
P. amplexicaule
, lesions on both sides, irregular or angular, brown often with thin dark border, coalescent. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
Asia
: India (Kashmir). TRANSMISSION: Not known, probably wind dispersal by air-borne spores.
Ramularia alba
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ingham J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia alba
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Lathyrus odoratus
, the sweet pea. DISEASE: White blight of sweet pea, also called white mould or
Cladosporium
blight. Leaf spots vary from yellow flecks to buff coloured dead areas, which may be circular or irregular in shape merging gradually into healthy leaf tissue. Leaf spots may merge together affecting most of the leaf and in such cases defoliation may result (30, 41). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Denmark, England, Sweden). North America (Canada: British Columbia, Ontario; USA: California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of air-borne conidia.
Candida kefyr
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Davis C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Candida kefyr
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Candida kefyr
is an uncommon cause of superficial and systemic candidosis in humans and animals. In a compilation of 318 cases of septicaemia attributable to species of
Candida
, Odds (1979) includes only one in which
C. kefyr
was implicated. Hurley lists 3 out of 32 cases of disseminated candidosis due to
Candida kefyr
(in Winner & Hurley (eds),
Symposium on Candida Infections
, pp. 13-25, London: Livingstone, 1966). Meunier-Carpenter lists 1 from 110 isolates from blood cultures from cancer patients (
Am. J. Med
. 71: 363-370, 1981) and Kures
et al.
found 1 from 141 yeast positive blood cultures (
Bull. Soc. Fr. Myc. Med
. 8: 153-155, 1979). It has been reported regularly but not frequently from patients with vaginitis and urinary tract infections and has also been isolated from sputum, gastric ulcers and ear infections. Several experiments with laboratory animals have been carried out to determine the pathogenicity of
Candida kefyr
with varying results. Hurley & Winner found that mice inoculated intravenously with suspensions of
C. kefyr
died producing lesions similar to those when injected with
C. albicans (Mycopathologia
24: 337-346, 1964). More recent work by Kennedy
et al.
showed that
Candida kefyr
will colonize the gut and infect visceral organs of antibiotic treated mice but not untreated mice (
Sabouraudia
21: 27-33, 1983). Other workers have induced mastitis in cows by inoculation with
C. kefyr
. Klotz
et al.
studied the adherence of various members of the genus to porcine blood vessels
in vitro
and found
C. kefyr
to adhere much less strongly than
C. albicans
or
C. tropicalis (Inf. & Imm
. 42: 374-378, 1983). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Uganda); Asia (Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, India, Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam); Australasia and Oceania (Tahiti); Europe (many countries); North America (Canada, Mexico); South America (Brazil, Venezuela).
Cochliobolus australiensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cochliobolus australiensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Chloris, Cymbopogon, Cynodon, Hordeum, Lolium, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Triticum, Zea
, on or isolated from a wide variety of dicotyledons, air, soil and plant debris. DISEASE: Leaf blight of citronella grass (61: 2332), leaf spot of bajra (pearl millet 47: 1862, 48: 1229) and seed-borne (55: 1788). The disease is associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Egypt, India, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Libya, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds, and air-borne conidia.
Setosphaeria holmii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Setosphaeria holmii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cymbopogon, Dactyloctenium, Oryza, Triticum
. Also isolated from
Coffea, Gossypium, Musa, Solanum, Psidium
, air, soil etc. DISEASE: The anamorph is associated with the leaf blight of
Dacryloctenium aegyptium
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, Kenya, India, Nigeria, USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Setosphaeria pedicellata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Setosphaeria pedicellata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Echinocloa, Oryza, Triticum, Zea
. It can also infect
Paspalum dilatum, Setaria lutescens
and
Sorghum halepense
(46: 2000). DISEASE: The anamorph is associated with dark brown lesions on wheat roots and root rot of maize (46: 2000; 48: 1671) but is only weakly parasitic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, India, Pakistan, USA, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Drechslera nobleae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Drechslera nobleae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Lolium
and certain interspecific hybrids of
Lolium
. DISEASE: Leaf spots, yellowing and die-back of rye grass. Also seed-borne. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Great Britain, New Zealand, USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Corylus avellana, C. maxima
and
C. rostrata
(syn.
C. californica
). On inoculation
C. colurna
is also infected. DISEASE: Bacterial blight or bacteriosis of filbert or hazel nut trees. Leaf spots, bud and twig necroses and stem cankers are produced. The cankers may girdle branches or even trunks of young trees and cause death above. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Black Sea area 54, 578), Australia (Vict. 60, 6677), England (59, 3913), France (56, 86), Italy (64, 4520), Yugoslavia (37: 125), USA (OR, WA), Chile (culture received at CMI), and apparently USSR (58, 4044). TRANSMISSION: Bacteria overwinter in cankers on branches and in buds, and spread to other parts of the tree in wet weather. Limited spread from tree to tree takes place by water splash. Man is an important vector especially during pruning activities on young trees. He is also responsible for the introduction of the disease into new areas.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects
Poa trivialis
. By artificial inoculation
Poafertilis
and
P. nemoralis
are both moderately susceptible,
P. annua
rather less susceptible, and
P. pratensis
and
P. compressa
little or not at all affected. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of rough stalked meadow grass (
Poa trivialis
). The symptoms are the same as those produced
by X. campestris
pv.
graminis
on other forage grasses. At the heading stage young leaves are seen to curl and wither, and shoots remain stunted or die. Some plants produce small, distorted inflorescences. Chlorotic and necrotic areas form along the vascular bundles of older leaves and often extend into their sheaths. Bacterial streaming is usually visible under the microscope. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Switzerland. Probably present but unrecognised in some other european countries. TRANSMISSION: Within the crop the main means of transmission is probably mowing machinery.
Phyllachora afzeliae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phyllachora afzeliae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded
from Afzelia africana, A. bijuga, A. bracteata, A. quanzensis and A. zenkeri
. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot of
Afzelia
species. As with most or all species of
Phyllachora
, the presence of the fungus appears to have no significant effect on the vitality of the host. The seasonality of the fungus has not been studied, but it evidently matures at different times of the year, no doubt dependent on the climate. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Guinea, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania. Asia: Philippines. TRANSMISSION: This has not been studied, but it almost certainly occurs by air dispersal of ascospores which directly infect the leaves.
Phyllachora lactea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phyllachora lactea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Material has been seen on
Dalbergia lactea, D. rufa
and D.
saxatilis
. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot of
Dalbergia
species. Little is known about the biology and development of this fungus, but in common with other
Phyllachora
species, it appears not to inflict serious damage on the host. It must, however, have a general debilitating effect on the growth of the host tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Sierra Leone, Tanzania. A record from Costa Rica has not been confirmed. TRANSMISSION: This has not been studied, but probably occurs through air dispersal of ascospores, which directly infect other leaves, the ascospores germinating on the leaf surface to produce appressoria and infection pegs.
Mycosphaerella henningsii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Little S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella henningsii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Manihot esculenta
(cassava, manioc),
M. glaziovii
(manicoba, ceara rubber),
M. palmata
and, under laboratory conditions,
Ipomoea
sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri
et al.
, 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.
Cercospora gossypina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Little S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora gossypina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, G. hirsutum, G. indicum
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cotton. Causes circular to irregular spots, 0.5-15 mm diam., pale brown or grey with a dark brown or purple border, often zonate. Plants of all ages may be infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Bangladesh, Burma, India, Pakistan, The Yemen, Australasia: Australia (Queensland); North America: West Indies (Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America: Peru, Uruguay. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and rain-splash dispersed conidia, and by contaminated tools. Survives adverse conditions in crop debris.
Cercospora citrullina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Little S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora citrullina
[Didymella bryoniae]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS. Cucurbitaceae:
Benincasa, Blastania, Bryonia, Citrulus
(water melon),
Coccinia, Clocynthis, Cucumis
(melon, cucumber),
Cucurbita
(pumpkin),
Lagenaria, Luffa, Melothria, Momordica, Sechium, Telfairia, Trichosanthes
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Cucurbitaceae
. On the water melon the leaf spots occur first on the younger leaves. The small grey or white spots, bordered by a black margin, gradually increase in number and spread over the leaf surface. On cucumber, musk melon and squash the leaf spots are larger, 0.5-10 mm diam., and grey-ochre. The centre of the lesions eventually becomes transparent and brittle. The disease may cause leaf fall. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Most tropical and subtropical countries. Africa: most countries; Asia: most countries; Australasia and Oceania: Central Pacific, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Disseminated by wind-borne conidia, contaminated tools, and rain splashes. The fungus apparently over seasons in crop debris, and on weeds of the
Cucurbitaceae
(Chupp & Sherf, 1960).
Cylindrocarpon olidum var. crassum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon olidum var. crassum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cleistocactus, Mammillaria, Opuntia, Zygocactus
. DISEASE: Foot rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Germany. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy conidia are probably dispersed by water.
Cylindrocarpon hederae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon hederae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Hedera helix
. DISEASE: Associated with dead stems, but pathogenicity is probably weak. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Great Britain, The Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Probably water-borne conidia and ascospores.
Cylindrocarpon lichenicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon lichenicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wide range of woody and herbaceous plants, especially in the tropics, also
Candelaria concolor
(lichen), soil, human eyes. DISEASE: Post-harvest fruit-rotting of tropical plants. Corneal infection of humans. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Nigeria; Asia: Bangladesh, India, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam; Australasia: Australia; Europe: Great Britain, Italy; South America: Columbia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By water, transportation of infected plants and soil. It has also been isolated from seeds.
Cylindrocarpon musae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon musae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Musa
AAA (Cavendish). DISEASE: Rotting of fleshy roots and rhizomes of banana. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Philippines; North America: Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Panama; South America: Colombia, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: The fungus probably survives as 'chlamydospores' in soil. Its slimy spores may be dispersed by water. Long distance spread may potentially occur by transportation of infected plant material or contaminated soil.
Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wide range. At IMI there are records on:
Asparagus, Camellia, Cocos, Cordylina, Heterodera
(nematode),
Medicago saliva, Narcissus, Pelargonium, Picea, Pinus, Pyrus, Secale, Solanum
.DISEASE: Root rotting. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Zimbabwe; Australasia: Australia; Europe: Germany, Great Britain; North America: Canada, Honduras, USA. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy spores are probably spread by water.
Acremonium apii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams Michèle A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Acremonium apii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Apium graveolens
. DISEASE: Brown spot of celery. The fungus causes brown lesions most noticeable on the petiole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: British Isles; North America: Canada, USA (Colorado, Connecticut, New York). TRANSMISSION: Probably from plant debris (39, 207).
Acremonium falciforme
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams M. A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Acremonium falciforme
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Man. DISEASE: Mycetoma (white-grained). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India, Malaysia, Thailand; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Romania; North America: El Salvador, Puerto Rico, USA (California, MN); South America: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Presumably from the air or soil following wounding.
Cercospora melongenae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams M. A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora melongenae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Solanum melongenum
(aubergine or eggplant); also
S. aethiopicum
and
S. incanum
. DISEASE: Leafspot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia: Bhutan, Burma, India, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka; Australasia and Oceania: Fiji; North America: Jamaica, Trinidad; South America: Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne, or rain-splash dispersed, conidia.
Cercospora zebrina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams M. A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora zebrina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Members of the
Leguminosae
including
Medicago arabica, M. denticulata, M. saliva, Meliotus alba, Trifolium agrarium, T. alexandrinum, T. alpestre, T. carnum, T. fragiferum, T. hirtum, T. hybridum, T. incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. subterraneum
. DISEASE: Leaf spot (may also affect stems). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia; Asia: India, Israel, Nepal, Pakistan, UAE, USSR, Yemen; Australasia & Oceania: Australia; Europe, British Isles, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Malta, Rumania, Yugoslavia; North America: Canada, Haiti, Jamaica, USA; South America: Brazil, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By infected plant debris (64, 1164); conidia may be wind disseminated (42: 468).
Cercospora zonata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams M. A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora zonata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Vicia
species including
V. faba, V. narbonensis
and P.
saliva
; also
Lens esculenta
.DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Zambia; Asia: India, Iran, Nepal; Europe: British Isles, Cyprus, Malta, Rumania; North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne, or rain-splash dispersed, conidia.
Pseudocercospora atromarginalis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Williams M. A. J.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora atromarginalis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Solanum nigrum
; also
S. aethiopicum
and
S. nodiflorum
. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia; Asia: Burma, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Australasia and Oceania: Fiji, New Zealand; North America: Barbados, Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne or rain-splash dispersed conidia.
Bifusella superba
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Bifusella superba
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus excelsa, P. wallichiana
. DISEASE: Needle blight of mountain pines. The conidial stage has been recorded from dead distal parts of otherwise living needles. The ascomatal stage is only known from totally dead needles. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India (Jammu & Kashmir), Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Ploioderma cedri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ploioderma cedri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cedrus deodara
. DISEASE: This fungus is a pathogen of
Cedrus deodara
, causing premature defoliation. The incidence of the disease varies from 5-6% of trees in a plantation in Himachal Pradesh (the type locality) to 100% of trees in a natural stand in Jammu & Kashmir. The first symptoms were paling of infected regions of the needles, which then turned yellow and fell prematurely. The effect on the economic potential of the plantation has not been assessed and no treatments have yet been recommended. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Rhytisma himalense
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Rhytisma himalense
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Ilex dipyrena, Ilex
sp. DISEASE: Tar-spot of
Ilex
spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India (Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Vladracula annuliformis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Vladracula annuliformis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Acer cinnamomifolium, A. lanceolatum, A. oblongum
. DISEASE: Leaf spotting of
Acer
spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China (Minhow Hsien), Hong Kong, India (Uttar Pradesh). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Alternaria dauci
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Alternaria dauci
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Apium graveolens, Daucus carota, Fumaria muralis
(59, 987),
Gerbera
sp. (52, 761),
Lactuca
sp. (
fide
Joly, 1964),
Pastinaca saliva, Petroselinum crispum
.DISEASE: Leaf blight of carrot. Affected leaves and petioles turn yellow and then brown or black. The leaflets become shrivelled at the edges and, in severe infections, the whole leaf withers and dies.
Alternaria dauci is
also known as a seed pathogen, this pathogenicity resulting from infections of flowers and then fruits of the host. The fungus does not penetrate the seed, but inhabits the uneven parts of the seed surface (63, 2019). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: see CMI Distribution Map 352; add: Africa: Sudan. Asia: Borneo, Bhutan, Indonesia (Java), Pakistan, USSR (Republic of Georgia) (55, 2945). Australasia & Oceania: Tahiti (56, 5540). Europe: Eire, Hungary (57, 838), Rumania (49, 1527). TRANSMISSION: By conidia. Dispersal is low at night when host leaves are wet, but increases during the day as temperature and wind speed increases. Conidial production occurs from 8-30°C, optimally at 25°C, and at hi relative humidity (96-100%). Leaf surface wetness is critical for successful infection.
Sorosporium saponariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sorosporium saponariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dianthus
and
Saponaria
spp. and other members of the
Caryophyllaceae
including
Arenaria, Cerastium, Lychnis
,
Minuartia, Moehringia, Petrorhagia, Silene, Stellaria
and
Tunica
spp. DISEASE: Flower smut of the
Caryophyllaceae
.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria, Morocco. Asia: USSR (Caucasia, Siberia, Turkestan). Australasia: Australia (33, 634). Europe: widespread, including Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia. North America: USA. South America: Argentina, Chile (33, 634). Southern hemisphere records are infrequent. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been reported. Floral organs, including ovules, frequently develop in infected flowers (55, 3947), therefore seed transmission is probable, with systemic infection established in seedlings from either this source or contaminated soil.
Aphanomyces raphani
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Aphanomyces raphani
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species in the
Cruciferae
only.
Brassica alboglabra, B. carnet, B. campestris var. pekinensis, B. chinensis, B. juncea, B. napobrassica, B. napus, B. nigra, B. oleracea
(vars
acephala, botrytis, capitata, gemmifera, gongylodes, italica, viridis), B. perviridis, B. rapa, B. robertiana, Crambe abyssinica, Eruca saliva, Lunaria annua
, Raphanus
raphanistrum, R. sativus, Sinapis alba
. DISEASE: Black-root disease of radish; the fungus is a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen. Small black, water-soaked lesions on the lower hypocotyl and epidermis accompanied by slight longitudinal cracking of the subepidermal tissues become visible 20 days after sowing. In seedlings, the roots, hypocotyls, petioles and cotyledons become blackened and collapse. On older plants horizontal spread of the fungus produces characteristic constrictions and irregular bands around the circumference of the root (girdle disease). Subsequent penetration of the inner cortex results in blackening of the internal tissues in a portion or all of the root, accompanied by deformity of the roots and stunting of the tops due to retardation of growth. Lesions become invaded rapidly by secondary colonisers such as soft-rot bacteria. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: South Africa. Asia: Japan. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (NSW Qld), New Zealand. Europe: Germany, Rumania. North America: Canada (British Columbia, NS, Ont, Que), USA (California, IL IA, IN, ME to Florida, OR). South America: Venezuela. See CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases 421. TRANSMISSION: In wet soil, by zoospores which accumulate at root tips in response to hypocotyl exudates or indole-3-aldehyde (59, 3937). The large number of crucifers (particularly cole crops) infected by
A. raphani
allows it to persist even in the absence of a radish crop. Oospores are generally believed to survive in soil, although there is no evidence to support this. The oospore germinates via a hypha which produces an apical sporangium.
Discosphaerina fulvida
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Discosphaerina fulvida
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Linum
(flax),
Gossypium
(cotton). DISEASE: Stem break and browning of linseed, or polysporosis of flax. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Kenya, South Africa. Asia: Japan. Australasia: Australia New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy ?, Netherlands, Poland Sweden, UK, USSR. North America: Canada, USA. (
CMI Distribution Map
88, ed. 4, 1984). TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds, wind-borne ascospores and conidia. The fungus overwinters as mycelium within the host tissues (44, 2156).
Mycosphaerella populorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella populorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Populus
spp. DISEASE:
Septoria
canker, leaf spot disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: USA (east and central states). South America: Argentina (
CMI Distribution Map
540, 1981). TRANSMISSION: By windborne conidia and ascospores.
Aspergillus candidus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Aspergillus candidus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES:
In Animals. Aspergillus candidus
has caused various disorders in pigs (Moreau, 1974). There is some evidence that
A. candidus
might be toxic to chickens and rats (Maracas & Smalley, 1972) and that it can act as a pathogen to zoo animals and birds (Saez, 1961).
In Insects
. It has been found on dead bees (Batra
et al.
, 1973).
Aspergillus candidus
is reported to produce citrinin but the first report of citrinin production by an
Aspergillus
confused
A. niveus with A. candidus
(Raper & Fennell, 1965). But several reports indicate that it does produce citrinin (Ciegler, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.
Aspergillus clavatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Aspergillus clavatus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES:
On Insects
. Although not known to be a pathogen, it has been isolated from insects (Raper & Fennell, 1965), particularly dead adult bees (Batra
et al.
, 1973).
On Man. Aspergillus clavatus
may cause allergic alveolitis in man (Channell
et al.
, 1965) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical soils.
Cochliobolus cynodontis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cochliobolus cynodontis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cynodon dactylon
(very common on this host), other
Cynodon
spp.,
Agropyron, Ammi, Arecastrum, Axonopus, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Hordeum, Ipomoea, Lycopersicon, Muhlenbergia, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Poa, Rhapis, Secale
and
Zea
. DISEASE: Leafspot of Bermuda grass end other crops, leaf blight end brown patches of turf, lawns end golflinks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, India, Israel, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Spain, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Trinidad, Turkey, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.
Cochliobolus pallescens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cochliobolus pallescens
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include
Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum
and
Zea
economically important dicot hosts include
Allium
(59, 4867),
Arachis
(53, 1647),
Brassica
(66, 3075),
Canna, Calendula, Calotropis
(44, 1832; 66, 3587),
Carica
(61, 5129),
Cinnamomum, Citrus
(68, 843),
Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum
(64, 2425),
Gaillardia, Hevea
(56, 1257; 67, 5560),
Musa
(54, 4051),
Solanum
(50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.
Cochliobolus verruculosus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cochliobolus verruculosus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Avena, Buchloë, Chloris, Cynodon, Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Leptochloa, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Sorghum, Triticum, Typha
and
Zea
. Also from many dicotyledenous hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spots, dry-rot of pineapple (61, 6510; 68, 2757), associated with crown rot of banana (54, 4051) and seed decay of sugarcane (63, 3545). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Burma, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, USA, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Yemen, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne (67, 4997).
Drechslera cactivora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Drechslera cactivora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On members of
Cactaceae
(10, 798; 12, 27; 15, 371; 52, 758, 2098; 53, 2216). DISEASE: Stem rot of cacti. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: America, Europe. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne conidia, wound parasite.
Acrocalymma medicaginis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Acrocalymma medicaginis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Medicago sativa
(Lucerne). DISEASE: Root and crown rot of
Medicago saliva
. Affected plants show a reddish flecking in the cortex and vascular tissues of crowns and roots and the bark in infected areas is often fissured. As the disease advances, dry rot develops and the older infected tissues turn black. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia). TRANSMISSION: Most probably through soil and by water dispersed conidia.
Mycosphaerella mori
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella mori
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Morus alba
(white mulberry),
M. nigra
. (black mulberry). DISEASE: Leaf spot or 'Cylindrosporiosis' of mulberry. The visible symptoms are light brown to dark brown circular or irregular lesions with paler or whitish centres. Individual lesions measure 3-6 cm wide but they often coalesce to form blotches. Severe disease leads to loss of foliage. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Libya, Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda), Asia (India, Iraq, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, U.S.S.R. Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Tashkent); Australasia (Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia), Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, U.K., Hungary, Malta, Yugoslavia), North America (U.S.A., Pennsylvania to Florida, Texas to West Virginia, Wisconsin); South America (Brazil, Manaus). TRANSMISSION: By conidia dispersed by rain splash. The fungus overwinters in young parts of branches (14, 265) and in debris lying on the ground.
Stagonospora meliloti
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Stagonospora meliloti
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Medicago arabica
(spotted medick),
M. lupulina
(black medick),
M. polymorpha, M. sativa
(lucerne, alfalfa),
Melilotus alba
(white melilot),
M. dentata, M. officinalis
(yellow sweet clover),
M. suaveolens, Trifolium alpestre, T. hybridum
(alsike clover),
T. repens
(white clover, Dutch clover). Also on
Ulex europaeus
. DISEASE: Root rot, crown rot, stem blight and leaf spot. In alfalfa the taproot, crown, branches, and leaves are affected. The leaf spots are circular to irregular, light buff to greyish-white, 2-10 mm wide, sometimes involving the entire leaflet, with or without concentric bands, but always with a reddish-brown border. Usually pycnidia occur in the paler central areas of the spots. The visible symptoms on roots are smooth dark brown to black lesions which later dry, crack and become roughened. Beneath the surface the tissues turn reddish-brown to almost black. As the disease progresses slowly a dry rot develops followed by the appearance in the bark of a reddish colour which extends into the decaying wood rays. No new buds are formed and the plant eventually dies (18, 320). On species of
Melilotus
leaf spots have been reported as abundant in early spring and late in the fall in the U.S.A. In one variety of sweet clover only leaf spots have been reported abundant in the mid summer. The fungus enters roots through wounds. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Iran, Japan); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, New Zealand) Europe (France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, U.K.); North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; U.S.A., Alabama, California, Idaho, Maryland, Minnesota, Wisconsin); South America (Brazil). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is probably soil-borne and survives in fodder crop debris. Conidia produced within pycnidia on leaves are liberated in masses when water is present and water splash helps dissemination. Entry into roots is through wounds (18, 320).
Phyllachora lespedezae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phyllachora lespedezae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Desmodium marilandicum, Kummerowia stipulacea
(syn.
Lespedeza stipulacea
),
K. striata
(syn.
L. striata
),
Lespedeza capitata, L. hirta, L. intermedia
(syn.
L. frutescens
),
L. procumbens, L. repens, L. reticulata
(possibly a synonym of
L. virginica
),
L. stuevei, L. violacea, L. virginica
. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Ontario), U.S.A. (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: No research has been done, but probably primarily by wind dispersal of ascospores. The stromatic phase is an over-wintering device.
Mycovellosiella oryzae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycovellosiella oryzae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Oryza australiensis, O. glaberrima, O. longistaminata
and
O. saliva
. DISEASE: White leaf streak of rice. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands and Tanzania. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air borne conidia.