bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hafnium Modified Aluminide Coatings Obtained by the CVD and PVD Methods
Authors: Zagula-Yavorska Maryana , Romanowska Jolanta , Sieniawski Jan , Wierzbińska Małgorzata
Published: January 2015

Zirconium, hafnium or platinum modification of NiAl phase increases the oxidation resistance of diffusion aluminide coatings. Small hafnium addition to aluminide coatings decreases the oxidation rate of nickel superalloys at 1100 °C.The paper presents comparison of structures of hafnium modified aluminide coatings deposited in two different ways on pure nickel. In the first way double layers of hafnium 3 μm thick and aluminum 3 μm thick were deposited by the EB-PVD on the nickel substrate. The double layers were subjected to diffusion treatment at 1050 °C for 6 h and 20 h. In the second method, a hafnium layer was deposited by the EB-PVD method, whereas aluminum was deposited by the CVD method. The obtained coatings were examined by the use of an optical microscope (microstructure and coating thickness) and a scanning electron microscope (chemical composition on the cross-section of the modified aluminide coating). Microstructures and phase compositions of coatings obtained by different methods differ significantly. Diffusion treatment for 6 h leads into formation of the Ni5Hf phase. The elongation of the diffusion time from 6 to 20 h decrease the volume fraction of the Ni5Hf phase. An aluminide coating deposited by the CVD method at 1050 °C at the nickel substrate with prior hafnium layer (3 μm thick) has a triple zone structure. An outer zone consists of the NiAl phase, a middle zone consists of the Ni3Al phase, and the Ni(Al) phase forms an inner zone, close to the substrate. An NiHf intermetallic phase is between the outer and the middle zone, whereas Ni3Hf is between the inner zone and the substrate.
Analysis of Crystallite Size Changes in an Oxide Layer Formed on Steel during Long-Term Operation at an Elevated Temperature
Authors: Gwoździk Monika
Published: January 2015

The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on steel operated for a long time at an elevated temperature. This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. X-ray studies were carried out on the inner surface of a tube (in a flowing medium environment), then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer. X-ray phase analysis was performed using a SEIFFERT 3003 T/T X-ray diffractometer, with a cobalt tube of λCo = 0.17902 nm wavelength. XRD measurements were performed in the 15÷120° range of angles with an angular step of 0.1° and the exposure time of 4 s. To interpret the results (to determine the 2θ position and the total intensity INet) the diffractograms were described by a Pseudo Voight curve using the Analyze software. A computer software and the PDF4+2009, DHN PDS crystallographic database were used for the phase identification.
The Corrosion Processes Effect on Surface Roughness of Bonded Magnetic Material Based on Nd-(Fe,Co)-B Powder Type
Authors: Radomska Klaudia , Pawłowska Grażyna , Klimecka-Tatar Dorota
Published: January 2015

This paper presents an analysis of the Nd-(Fe,Co)-B bonded magnetic materials surface before and after corrosion tests. In the technological process of bonded magnetic materials the main difficulty is the fact that in the presence of small amounts of oxygen magnetic powders (having in their composition a highly active, a rare earth element) the particle surface easily cover with an oxide layer. The oxides phases are creating and furthermore the presence of this kind of paramagnetic phase on the powder particles surface adversely affects on the properties of the final product. Important is to protect the surface against spontaneously oxidation of the magnetic materials. One of the activities way to surface isolation is creating the additional protection coating (biencapsulation). Biencapsulation is a protection process in which not only set resin layer, but also an additional protective coating has been applied. The powder particles are coated with protective coatings: Ni-P/epoxy resin and phosphate/epoxy resin. In the paper the roughness measurement (2D) with profilometer (Taylor Hobson) results were presented. Also the effect of corrosion process evaluation on the bonded magnets surface roughness were determined (sulfate solution pH = 3, the exposure time 4h). It has been found that the application of powder particles biencapsulation with phosphate/epoxy resin coating (in comparison with Ni-P/epoxy resin biencapsulation) leads to a more effective corrosion protection of the final bonded magnets.
Corrosion Behaviour of Ti6Al4V and TiMo10Zr4 Alloys in the Ringer’s Solution: Effect of pH and Plastic Strain
Authors: Loch Joanna , Łukaszczyk Alicja , Vignal Vincent , Krawiec Halina
Published: January 2015

The corrosion behaviour of titanium alloys is not well understood – especially the role of the microstructure and plastic strain. In this paper, the influence of the microstructure and plastic strain on the corrosion resistance of TiMo10Zr4 and Ti6Al4V alloys was studied in the Ringer’s solution at 37 °C. Measurements were performed for different pH values and in aerated and de-aerated solutions using potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Results obtained on the two alloys were compared. It was shown that in the absence of plastic strain TiMo10Zr4 shows better corrosion resistance than Ti6Al4V (especially for pH = 8). By contrast, the current density in the passive range measured after 8% plastic strain was greater on TiMo10Zr4 than on Ti6Al4V, indicating that the passive film on TiMo10Zr4 is less protective than that formed on Ti6Al4V.
Effect of Polarization Scan Rate on the Pitting Potential of the Self-Passivated NiTi Shape Memory Alloy in a Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Osak Patrycja , Goryczka Tomasz , Łosiewicz Bożena
Published: January 2015

The pitting potential, Epit, of the passive layer on the implant alloy can be treated as an accelerated laboratory test to assessment a susceptibility to pitting corrosion of metallic biomaterials in simulated body fluids. This study deals with an evaluation of Epit of the self-passivated TiO2 layer formed on the surface of the NiTi implant alloy as a function of the scan rate of polarization. Cyclic potentiodynamic studies were performed in Ringer’s solution at 37°C. It was found out that the more noble value of Epit in the range of 0.99-2 V was registered at a given polarization scan rate that ranged from 0.16 to 2 mV s-1, the lower susceptibility of the self-passivated NiTi implant alloy to the initiation of pits was detected.
Electrochemical Behavior of Materials Used in Dental Implantological Systems
Authors: Ziębowicz Anna , Ziębowicz Bogusław , Bączkowski Bohdan
Published: January 2015

Favorable physical and chemical properties of titanium led to its use in the medical and dental specialties such as: orthodontics, prosthodontics, dental implantology and dental surgery. Estimating the biocompatibility of the material, determine the risks and benefits with its use is a complex process. In dental implantology, the attachment of a dissimilar metal abutment (Ti6Al4V) to an implant (commercially pure Ti) forms a galvanic couple in the mouth; they are placed in physical contact in an electrically conductive mediums – body fluids.
Fretting – Corrosion of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy in Oral Cavity Environment
Authors: Klekotka Marcin , Dąbrowski Jan Ryszard , Karalus Wojciech
Published: January 2015

Fretting and fretting-corrosion processes in elements of kinematic pairs used for medical applications are observed in metallic orthopedic implants, dental prosthetics elements, and orthodontic appliances. In most cases, the degradation of biomaterials significantly limits their useful life and the comfort of patients. The products formed as a result of wear may lead to poisoning of the body and the occurrence of inflammatory states, which often results in the failure of medical therapy. Fretting-corrosion processes are being paid more and more attention, although there is not much data concerning the stomatognathic system. This article presents the results of fretting-corrosion studies of one of the most frequently used metallic biomaterials, CoCrMo cobalt alloy, in the presence of human saliva and its substitutes. The results of studies indicate that friction has a large influence on corrosion processes (fretting-corrosion). Artificial saliva compositions with favorable tribological and anti-corrosion properties were successfully developed and may find applications in the stomatognathic system, e.g. for the purpose of reducing the unfavorable effects of bruxism. Fretting-corrosion studies were performed using a self-designed original device. The obtained results of studies are of great significance in scientific and applicatory terms.
Increasing the Surface Functionality of Mg Alloys by Means of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lech , Kapuścińska Anna , Bałkowiec Alicja , Lutze Rafał
Published: January 2015

The aim of this work which is a part of larger approach, is the surface functionalization by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a pretreatment prior to the application of biopolymer. The process was developed for the number of magnesium alloys, and AZ31, RZ5 and ZM21 in particular. An oxide layer was formed in two step consecutive process in KOH-Na3PO4 and KOH-NaF solutions. The coatings are built from sub-layers: reach in F at the metal-coating interface containing small pores and top layer with larger pores. An important feature for the surface biocompatibility is a presence and distribution of P within the top part of the coating which create a nucleation sites for the development of calcium phosphates. From the results of long term impedance measurements carried out in simulated body solution (SBF) at 37°C it may be concluded that the best corrosion protection is provided by the anodic layer formed on AZ31 alloy. After the testing the surface of alloys studied in this work was covered by a film of compounds containing calcium and phosphorus.
Potential of Superhydrophobic Layer on the Implant Surface
Authors: Stodolak-Zych Ewa , Rapacz-Kmita Alicja , Dudek Magdalena
Published: January 2015

The aim of the work was the deposition of polymer fibres of submicrometric and nanometric diameter. A layer of the fibres was produced from biocompatible polymer, i.e. poli (ε) caprolactane (PCL). The polymer was dissolved in a mixture of DMF:DCM solvents. In order to enhance the hydrophobic effect, silica particles (5–10 nm) were introduced into the polymer solution. PCL fibres were produced using electric field of 25 kV. Wettability of the produced layer was determined using the method of sitting drop (DSA T500). Its microstructure was observed using scanning an electron microscope (Nova NanoSEM) and an atomic force microscope (MULTIMODE 8 AFM, Bruker). It was revealed that only coatings made of the pure polymer fibres showed superhydrophobicity (PCL fibres, wetting angle of 151o), while the nanocomposite fibres made of PCL and 3 wt.% SiO2 formed a layer with a wetting angle of 113o, which was more hydrophobic than a conventional polymer layer made by casting (wetting angle of PCL foil is 90o).
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Behaviour of NdFeB Coated Magnets in Saliva Solution for Orthodontic Applications
Authors: Calabrese Luigi , Bonaccorsi Lucio , Borsellino Chiara , Caprì Angela , Fabiano Francesca , Proverbio Edoardo
Published: January 2015

In this work the assessment of the corrosion performances in saliva solution of NdFeB magnets coated with silane layers was studied for its application in orthodontic brackets. The silane film, deposited by dip coating technique, has been prepared with varying dipping steps, with the purpose to identify the number of layers able to achieve an optimal protective action. Corrosion protection performance, during immersion in Fusayama synthetic saliva solution, was evaluated by means electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The silane coatings evidenced good barrier properties resulting in an improvement of the anti-corrosion performances of the magnets. Better results were observed for samples with at least 15 layers of silane, that evidenced still acceptable protective action after three days of immersion in a Fusayama synthetic saliva solution.
Effect of Artificial and Inflammatory Saliva on Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Growth and Biofilm Formation on NiTi Alloy
Authors: Cwalina Beata , Dec Weronika , Simka Wojciech , Mościcki Adrian , Jaworska-Kik Marzena , Kaczmarek Edyta
Published: January 2015

NiTi alloys are used for both medical and veterinary purposes, and also for production of surgical instruments. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) colonize various anaerobic environments, including human oral cavity. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans is the SRB species responsible for corrosion of many metals including highly alloyed steels as well as titanium and its alloys. The aim of this work was to compare growth of D. desulfuricans biofilms on NiTi alloy submerged in artificial saliva or in inflammatory saliva. The results of investigations showed differences between D. desulfuricans biofilms formed on NiTi alloy in the presence of artificial saliva and inflammatory saliva. The growth medium influenced biofilm structure; inflammatory saliva promotes its formation. The biofilms grown on samples immersed in inflammatory saliva were much thicker as compared with samples emerged in artificial saliva. After 28 days of incubation in inflammatory saliva, plentiful mature biofilm was present on alloy surface.
Effects of Sn and Mo Contents on the Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Ti-Mo-Sn Alloys Prepared in the Powder Metallurgy Process
Authors: Dercz Grzegorz , Simka Wojciech , Kazek-Kęsik Alicja , Maciej Artur , Ogierman Sylwia
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sn and Mo contents on electrochemical behavior and phase analysis of Ti12Mo23Sn (wt.%) and Ti23Mo12Sn (wt.%) alloys for biomedical applications. The samples were manufactured by blended combining the elemental method from a sequence of uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing with subsequent densification by sintering at 1000°C, in protective gas atmosphere. The corrosion resistance of the studied alloys in Ringer's solution were determined. The structural properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray phase analysis shows two phases: β-Ti and Ti3Sn for both samples. The proposed quantitative composition of the tested samples was confirmed in the chemical analysis. The results of the electrochemical analysis reveal that the open circuit potentials recorded for the Ti12Mo23Sn and Ti23Mo12Sn samples were quite similar. Moreover, obtained results indicate that the titanium alloy composed of 23 wt.% of Mo and 13 wt.% of Sn exhibited slightly better corrosion resistance than the Ti12Mo23Sn sample with lower concentration of Mo (12 wt%) in the Ringer`s solution.
Equipment for Low Pressure Plasma Spraying Processes – A Review
Authors: Góral Marek , Kubaszek Tadeusz
Published: January 2015

The paper presents basic methods of plasma spraying at very low pressure (<2 mbar). Described in the text are conditions which influence microstructure of Thermal Barrier Coatings obtained by these methods. A review and characteristics of the LPPS-TF system applied around the world has been provided.
Inhibition Effect of Guar Gum on the Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel (K-55) in Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Palumbo Gaetano , Banaś Jacek
Published: January 2015

The inhibition effect of guar gum on carbon steel (K-55) in the simulated fracturing fluid under static conditions was studied. The electrochemical experimental results indicated that the carbon steel shows active dissolution behaviour in the absence and the presence of the inhibitor. However, guar gum, acting as mixed-type inhibitor, was swiftly able to promote the formation of a product layer onto the metal surface, lowering both cathodic and anodic current density. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were consistent with the polarisation curves, showing an improvement of the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel in the presence of the inhibitor. However, for long exposure times, the corrosion activity of the metal increases, as result of the breakdown of the corrosion product layer and initiation of localised corrosion spot. After both polarisation and EIS measurements, two different layers were observed. A thin, dark stable layer of magnetite and, for long holding times, a porous red layer, poorly adhered, of hematite. The hematite layer, due to its porous nature, was characterised by poor corrosion ability.
Effect of Cadmium Addition on the Galvanic Corrosion of AM60 Magnesium Alloy in 0.1 M Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Ikpi Magdalene Edet , Dong Junhua , Ke Wei
Published: January 2015

The corrosion behaviour of AM60 magnesium alloy containing 1.88 wt.% Cd in 0.1 M NaCl solution was investigated by weight loss and hydrogen evolution measurements. The microstructure was evaluated using EPMA. Cd was observed to have an even distribution, hence, no new phase was formed. The corrosion resistance was enhanced by the addition of Cd. The rate of corrosion reduced by a factor of 1.5 times that of AM60 alloy. The microstructure played a crucial role as the presence of defects in the alloys initiated and accelerated corrosion.
Studies on the Corrosion Properties of High-Mn Austenitic Steels
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Michalik Rafał
Published: January 2015

Institute of Materials Science at Silesian University of Technology since 6 years conducts researches to learn about the new dedicated for automotive, railway and military industries. Some of these materials belong to the group of AHS steels, characterized by the twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) effect. It is a new type of steel possessing both a high strength and a great plastic elongation, and an ideal uniform work hardening behaviour. It is therefore a good candidate for deep drawing applications in the automobile and railway industries. In the paper the of the three grades of high-manganese steels of was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution and in an “acid rain” solution with pH=3.5 environments using polarization experiments. The results of corrosion tests and analysis of show that a higher polarisation resistance and lower values of corrosion current density are observed for all studied steels in 3.5% NaCl solution. Spontaneous passivation ability has been shown only for one grade of high-manganese steel in 3.5% NaCl.
Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Lithium Alloys in NaCl Solution
Authors: Dobkowska Anna , Adamczyk-Cieslak Boguslawa , Mizera Jaroslaw , Kubásek Jiří , Vojtěch Dalibor
Published: January 2015

This work includes the comparison between corrosion resistance of MagLi4, MgLi7.5 and MgLi15 alloys in sodium chloride (0.15M NaCl) solution at 37°C. Results showed that the corrosion resistance is strongly determined by lithium content in the alloy. The worst corrosion resistance is typical for MgLi7.5 where the dual phase structure is observed. The magnesium - lithium alloys which contain less than 5% of Li and more than 11% (one phase structures) has got better corrosion resistance than dual phase structure magnesium – lithium alloys
Corrosion of WE43 and AE44 Magnesium Alloys in Sodium Sulfate Solution
Authors: Mościcki Adrian , Chmiela Bartosz , Sozańska Maria
Published: January 2015

Magnesium alloys have low density densities and high specific strengths that are comparable to steels and titanium alloys. Therefore, they are widely used as structural materials in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, the use of magnesium alloys is hindered by the fact that they offer insufficient resistance against corrosion, even in diluted electrolyte solutions. We examined alloys from the Mg-Y-RE-Zr and Mg-Al-RE systems (WE43 and AE44) that are used in the domestic and international automotive and aerospace industries. In these applications, the alloys are exposed to corrosion in environments containing electrolytes. It is commonly known that hydrogen is the main corrosive factor, appearing during chemical reactions between magnesium and water in an electrolyte solution. Selecting rare earth-containing magnesium alloys allows us to analyse the various effects of hydrogen on these materials. Hydrogen interacts with the selected alloys in a manner that depends strongly on alloy structure and chemical composition—these factors cause variations in the concentration, solubility, and diffusion rate of hydrogen in the host material. After hydrogen uptake, the cracking velocity of each alloy phase is different and is related to cracking micromechanisms. Our results show that when samples were immersed in 0.1M sodium sulfate solution, hydrogen atoms diffused into the material and enriched the intermetallic phases. With increased immersion time, magnesium hydride fractures in a brittle manner when the inner stress caused by hydrogen pressure and the expansion stress due to the formation of magnesium hydride are higher than the fracture strength.
New Methods to Subjectively and Objectively Evaluate Adverse Pilot Couplings
Authors: Jones Michael , Jump Michael
Published: January 2015

Unmasking aircraft pilot couplings (APCs) prior to vehicle entry into service have been a long standing challenge in the aerospace industry. APCs, often only exposed through unpredictable or very specific circumstances, have arisen throughout the history of manned powered flight and
have required stopgap “fixes” to ensure system safety once a problem has been identified. This paper describes two newly created novel tools, one objective and one subjective, to detect and analyze APCs. The Phase Aggression Criterion is the objective assessment method and, in
the advanced form described in this paper, is capable of APC detection in near real time. The innovative Adverse Pilot Coupling Scale is a subjective assessment method for APCs experienced during completion of closed-loop tasks. Results from the application of both of these tools are presented
as well as the very good correlation between them. Furthermore, the application of the tools to simulated flight-test data has shown how existing handling qualities mission task element courses and their associated performance tolerances can be inadequate when used to unmask the proneness
of a pilot–vehicle system to APC.
Glioblastoma multiforme and papillary thyroid carcinoma - A rare combination of multiple primary malignancies
Authors: Pulivarthi Swaroopa , Haglind Elizabeth , McGary Carl T. , Gurram Murali Krishna
Published: January 2015

We are describing a 19-year-old white woman who presented with two synchronous primary cancers, namely glioblastoma multiforme and papillary thyroid cancer. The patient was admitted with dizziness, headache, and vomiting. CT head revealed acute intraparenchymal hematoma in the right cingulate gyrus and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Carotid and cerebral angiogram were unremarkable. MRI of the brain demonstrated a non-enhancing and non-hemorrhagic component of the lesion along the lateral margin of the hemorrhage just medial to the atrium of the right lateral ventricle that was suspicious for a tumor or metastasis. Brain biopsy confirmed it as glioblastoma mutiforme. CT chest was done to rule out primary cancer that revealed a 11 mm hypodense lesion in the left lobe of the thyroid and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed it as papillary thyroid carcinoma. We should evaluate for multiple primary malignancies in young patients who are found to have primary index cancer.
Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Mcquate Grant T. , Follett Peter A. , Liquido Nicanor J. , Sylva Charmaine D.
Published: January 2015

Export of Citrus spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of Citrus spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Cocquillett), and Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In no choice cage infestation studies, B. latifrons oviposited into intact and punctured Washington navel oranges ( Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) and Clementine tangerines ( C. reticulata L. var. Clementine), but eggs rarely developed to the adult stage. B. cucurbitae readily infested intact and punctured tangerines, and to a lesser extent punctured oranges, but did not infest intact oranges. Limited cage infestation and only a single literature report of field Citrus spp. infestation suggest that risk mitigation of Citrus spp. for B. latifrons is not needed. Risk mitigation options of Citrus spp. for B. cucurbitae, including heat and cold treatments and systems approaches, are discussed.
Attitudes to Organ Donation and Knowledge of Donation and Transplantation among University of Auckland Medical Students
Authors: Harbour Lindsey , Ingham Cayley , Streat Stephen , Bagg Warwick
Published: January 2015

Aims

• To explore organ donation and transplantation knowledge and attitudes among medical students at the University of Auckland. • To understand students' perception of the extent of training received prior to and during the medical program.

Method

A validated web-based questionnaire consisting of 42 questions in five categories was anonymously administered to all enrolled medical students at the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, in September 2012.

Results

In all, 419 out of 989 (42%) Year 2–6 students responded. A total of 99.3% of medical students supported organ donation, but knowledge was limited (mean score 7.54/15±2.26). A total of 38% of students reported having participated in organ donation learning. A total of 96% of students believed that organ donation information should be available in primary care settings. A total of 69% of students reported that if a patient asked a question about organ donation that they did not know the answer to, they also would not know where to source the correct information from.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that although medical students support organ donation, they lack the knowledge required to facilitate informative discussions with patients. Enhanced organ donation education in medical programs may enable students to develop skills and knowledge allowing them to better discuss donation with patients.
Generalized Torsion in Knot Groups
Authors: Naylor Geoff , Rolfsen Dale
Published: January 2015

In a group, a nonidentity element is called a generalized torsion element if some product of its conjugates equals the identity. We show that for many classical knots one can ûnd generalized torsion in the fundamental group of its complement, commonly called the knot group. It follows that such a group is not bi-orderable. Examples include all torus knots, the (hyperbolic) knot 52, and algebraic knots in the sense of Milnor.
VMO Space Associated with Parabolic Sections and its Application
Authors: Hsu Ming-Hsiu , Lee Ming-Yi
Published: January 2015

In this paper we define a space VMO𝒫 associated with a family 𝒫 of parabolic sections and show that the dual of VMO𝒫 is the Hardy space . As an application, we prove that almost everywhere convergence of a bounded sequence in implies weak* convergence
Periodismo emprendedor: el periodismo deportivo en España
Authors: Manfredi Sánchez Juan Luis , Rojas Torrijos José Luis , Herranz de la Casa José María
Published: January 2015

Se analiza el periodismo emprendedor como un fenómeno observado en la industria periodística y su desarrollo en el ámbito de la información deportiva. Metodología. Se identifican los proyectos lanzados por profesionales y se realiza un estudio comparado. Se emplean datos publicados en el Informe de la Profesión Periodística en 2013. Resultados. Es un área propicia para la innovación y creación de proyectos diferenciados. Hay dos tendencias: la apuesta por lo hiperlocal y la especialización temática. Discusión. Se examina la aportación de estos proyectos al mapa periodístico actual, su viabilidad y modelos de negocio. Existen ciertos patrones comunes. Conclusiones. Estamos ante una fase expansiva. Se alumbran nuevas formas de gestionar las empresas orientadas a internet y cada vez más vinculadas a la marca personal del periodista, así como nuevas temáticas, narrativas y formas de presentar los contenidos.
О 4-законе нуля или единицы для случайного графа Эрдеша-Реньи
Authors: Zhukovskii Maksim Evgen'evich
Published: January 2015

В данной работе изучаются предельные вероятности
свойств первого порядка случайного графа в модели
Эрдеша-Реньи $G(n,n^{-\alpha})$, где $\alpha\in(0,1]$.
Ранее для произвольного натурального числа $k\ge 3$
нами были установлены $k$-законы нуля или единицы,
которые описывают поведение вероятностей свойств
первого порядка, выраженных формулами с ограниченной
числом $k$ кванторной глубиной при $\alpha$,
принадлежащих интервалу $(0,1/(k-2)]$, и при $k\ge 4$ -
интервалу $(1-1/2^{k-1},1)$. В настоящей работе мы
улучшили этот результат при $k=\nobreak 4$. Кроме того, при
произвольном $k\ge 4$ мы доказали, что на нижней
границе интервала $(1-1/2^{k-1},1)$ не выполнен
$k$-закон нуля или единицы.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Эргодические свойства одного преобразования на пространстве с мерой Хаусдорфа и самоподобной структурой
Authors: Arkashov Nikolay Sergeevich
Published: January 2015

На пространстве с мерой Хаусдорфа, обладающем свойством
самоподобия, получена эргодичность и исследована
непрерывность преобразования, порожденного
преобразованием сдвига на пространстве
последовательностей.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Neolithisation of the Aegean and Southeast Europe during the 6600–6000 calBC period of Rapid Climate Change
Authors: Weninger Bernhard , Clare Lee , Gerritsen Fokke , Horejs Barbara , Krauß Raiko , Linstädter Jörg , Özbal Rana , Rohling Eelco J
Published: January 2015

In extension of the recently established ‘Rapid Climate Change (RCC) Neolithisation Model’ (Clare 2013), in the present paper we demonstrate the existence of a remarkable coincidence between the exact (decadel-scale) entry and departure dates of the Neolithic into/from the Aegean (~6600/6050 calBC) with begin/end of RCC-conditions.
Different models for the Neolithisation of Albania
Authors: Bunguri Adem
Published: January 2015

According to the archaeological evidence, the Neolithisation process in Albania seems to have passed through three different phases, with chronological gaps between them. The earliest phase is represented at the Vlusha site, where coarse monochrome pottery was found in the same layer as microlithic tools. The second phase can be traced back to the Konispol site, where Impresso pottery appeared immediately above the Mesolithic layer. The third phase is represented by the Podgorie I site, which is characterised by red monochrome slipped ware, white-painted pottery, polychrome pottery, as well as pottery with impresso and barbotine decoration.
Profanation in Slovenian Contemporary Symphonic Music?
Authors: Stefanija Leon
Published: January 2015

The common “postmodern concern” over the profanation of the arts is taken as a starting point for analysing works by five distinctive Slovenian composers of symphonic music – by Uroš Rojko, Vito Žuraj, Lojze Lebič, Nenad Firšt and Črt Sojar Voglar. Their artistic intentions and realizations come closer to certain metaphysical, historically speaking rather romantic, ideals of autonomous music, only remotely connected to the ideas of postmodernity.
Sacral Rituality and Mysticism in the Service of the Awakening of National Identity. Baltic-Balkan Parallels in the Works of B. Kutavičius, L. Lebič and V. Tormis
Authors: Pompe Gregor
Published: January 2015

In the works of all B. Kutavičius, L. Lebič and V. Tormis, one can find a pronounced inclination towards the ritual, the use of folk instruments, the idea of the circulation of life, and some sort of simulation of folk music of unidentifiable prehistoric times. These parallels raise the questions about the causes for such similarities which are connected to the socio-political situations of countries in which the composers lived and created. Therefore, it is not possible to disconnect the stylistic changes of the seventies and eighties from the desire for political and ideological liberation. All three composers responded to those trends with similar artistic solutions: they searched for mystical and sacral music of prehistoric tribes which functioned as trigger for the awakening of strong national feelings.
The Word is not Enough: Symbol, Myth, and Ritual in Hofmannsthal’s Libretto for Arabella
Authors: Brooks Marc
Published: January 2015

Michael Steinberg claims that the Strauss-Hofmannsthal operas are successful because Hofmannsthal’s fixed, or ‘Apollonian’ libretto is counteracted by Strauss’s dynamic, or ‘Dionysian’ music. This paper challenges this view by looking at Hofmannsthal’s metaphysical writings and his correspondence with Strauss.
Lux aeternas by Two Composers: Sacred and Profane in the Context of Genre Individualisation
Authors: Trdan Primož
Published: January 2015

Two pieces, both titled Lux aeterna, are works by György Ligeti and contemporary Slovenian composer Tadeja Vulc. The paper offers some thoughts on two pieces through the notion of genre. This point of view seems appropriate on account of Ligeti’s distinctive treatment of the sacred text, but even more on account of Tadeja Vulc’s work, a symphonic piece, which includes whispering the first words of Lux aeterna. This raises several questions, yet the main dilemma is how it came to be possible that pieces which originate from the genre realm of profane can easily embrace both title and text that used to mark a communio of a requiem mass.
Gramophone Serving Sacred Music?
Authors: Kunej Drago
Published: January 2015

Like most activities in the gramophone industry, recording sacred music appears to have been linked with trade and profit. Through the example of gramophone records released by the Ljubljana Cathedral Choir and the Adria Singers from the USA, one can see that favourable market results depended upon a number of factors. By comparing the popularity of recordings of these two choirs, with the number of surviving records, one can conclude that the sale of sacred music lagged behind that of secular.
‚Die Dinge stets sich selbst folgen lassen‘ – Klang und Perzeption bei Giacinto Scelsi
Authors: Reissig Elfride
Published: January 2015

“Music cannot exist without sound, sound can exist without music, therefore sound is more important than music“, Giacinto Scelsi’s cipher for the cosmos of sound of the single-note, opens a creative space beyond expansion of power and control by improvising and therefore sound itself becomes the mystery.
Musikgeschichte als heilige Geschichte - ein Versuch, die Entwicklung neu zu verstehen
Authors: Schultz Wolfgang-Andreas
Published: January 2015

The attempt to explain developments in music history, not as movement of material (Adorno) but as the unfolding of man’s potentials, has its origin in the image and theory of man as offered by the evolution of consciousness (Jean Gebser, Ken Wilber and others). Since 1600 there has been a development of “spiritual signatures’”; the article gives a survey of its chances and dangers from the Baroque era up to Postmodernism.
Regímenes políticos y sujetos: nuevos imaginarios en Viajes de D. F. Sarmiento
Authors: Forace Virginia Paola
Published: January 2015

Regímenes políticos y sujetos: nuevos imaginarios en Viajes de D. F. Sarmiento
Una nueva interpretación de «El cacique de Turmequé» de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Pérez Bernardo María Luisa
Published: January 2015

Una nueva interpretación de «El cacique de Turmequé» de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Zorko Simčič
Authors: Drobnič Marjeta
Published: January 2015

Zorko Simčič
Las máximas conversacionales desde un enfoque cognitivo: algunos casos del discurso indirecto en castellano
Authors: Trenc Andreja
Published: January 2015

Las máximas conversacionales desde un enfoque cognitivo: algunos casos del discurso indirecto en castellano
La crítica de la obra narrativa de Gabriel García Márquez: en las revistas literarias serbias
Authors: Z Dickov Vesna
Published: January 2015

La crítica de la obra narrativa de Gabriel García Márquez: en las revistas literarias serbias
Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, and the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Attar M. Aykut
Published: January 2015

This paper constructs a two-sector unified growth model. Learning-by-doing in agriculture eventually allows the preindustrial economy to leave its Malthusian trap. But entrepreneurs in the manufacturing sector do not attempt invention if not much is known about natural phenomena. This delays the industrial revolution. Since entrepreneurs identify new useful knowledge at all times in a serendipitous way, the industrial revolution is an inevitable outcome. The paper characterizes the equilibrium path from ancient times to the infinite future. According with this characterization, the model economy successfully captures the qualitative aspects of England’s unified growth experience.
Photochemical processing of aqueous atmospheric brown carbon
Authors: Zhao R. , Lee A. K. Y. , Huang L. , Li X. , Yang F. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Atmospheric Brown Carbon (BrC) is a collective term for light absorbing organic compounds in the atmosphere. While the identification of BrC and its formation mechanisms is currently a central effort in the community, little is known about the atmospheric removal processes of aerosol BrC. As a result, we report a series of laboratory studies of photochemical processing of BrC in the aqueous phase, by direct photolysis and OH oxidation. Solutions of ammonium sulfate mixed with glyoxal (GLYAS) or methylglyoxal (MGAS) are used as surrogates for a class of secondary BrC mediated by imine intermediates. Three nitrophenol species, namely 4-nitrophenol, 5-nitroguaiacol and 4-nitrocatechol, were investigated as a class of water soluble BrC originating from biomass burning. Photochemical processing induced significant changes in the absorptive properties of BrC. The imine-mediated BrC solutions exhibited rapid photo-bleaching with both direct photolysis and OH oxidation, with atmospheric half-lives of minutes to a few hours. The nitrophenol species exhibited photo-enhancement in the visible range during direct photolysis and the onset of OH oxidation, but rapid photo-bleaching was induced by further OH exposure on an atmospheric timescale of an hour or less. To illustrate atmospheric relevance of this work, we also performed direct photolysis experiments on water soluble organic carbon extracted from biofuel combustion samples and observed rapid changes in optical properties of these samples as well. Overall, these experiments indicate that atmospheric models need to incorporate representations of atmospheric processing of BrC species to accurately model their radiative impacts.
LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights
Authors: Renard J.-B. , Dulac F. , Berthet G. , Lurton T. , Vignelle D. , Jégou F. , Tonnelier T. , Thaury C. , Jeannot M. , Couté B. , Akiki R. , Mineau J.-L. , Verdier N. , Mallet M. , Gensdarmes F. , Charpentier P. , Mesmin S. , Duverger V. , Dupont J.-C. , Elias T. , Crenn V. , Sciare J. , Giacomoni J. , Gobbi M. , Hamonou E. , Olafsson H. , Dagsson-Waldhauserova P. , Camy-Peyret C. , Mazel C. , Décamps T. , Piringer M. , Surcin J. , Daugeron D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In a companion (Part 1) paper (Renard et al., 2015), we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosols Counter) based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60°. that allows some speciation of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2 up to possibly more than 100 μm depending on sampling conditions. Its capabilities overwhelm those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10–20 μm in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and at ground level. We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Wien (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment – ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur-l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes.
Calibration of QM-MOURA three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer
Authors: Díaz-Michelena M. , Sanz R. , Cerdán M. F. , Fernández A. B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. MOURA instrument is a three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer designed and developed for Mars MetNet Precursor mission. The initial scientific goal of the instrument is to measure the local magnetic field in the surroundings of the lander i.e. to characterize the magnetic environment generated by the remanent magnetization of the crust and the superimposed daily variations of the field produced either by the solar wind incidence or by the thermomagnetic variations. Therefore, the qualification model (QM) will be tested in representative scenarios like magnetic surveys on terrestrial analogues of Mars and monitoring solar events, with the aim to achieve some experience prior to the arrival to Mars. In this work, we present a practical first approach for calibration of the instrument in the laboratory; a finer correction after the comparison of MOURA data with those of a reference magnetometer located in San Pablo de los Montes (SPT) INTERMAGNET Observatory; and a comparative recording of a geomagnetic storm as a demonstration of the compliance of the instrument capabilities with the scientific objectives.
Assessing the nonlinear response of fine particles to precursor emissions: development and application of an extended response surface modeling technique v1.0
Authors: Zhao B. , Wang S. X. , Xing J. , Fu K. , Fu J. S. , Jang C. , Zhu Y. , Dong X. Y. , Gao Y. , Wu W. J. , Wang J. D. , Hao J. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. An innovative extended response surface modeling technique (ERSM v1.0) is developed to characterize the nonlinear response of fine particles (PM2.5) to large and simultaneous changes of multiple precursor emissions from multiple regions and sectors. The ERSM technique is developed based on the conventional response surface modeling (RSM) technique; it first quantifies the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and the emissions of gaseous precursors from each single region using the conventional RSM technique, and then assesses the effects of inter-regional transport of PM2.5 and its gaseous precursors on PM2.5 concentrations in the target region. We apply this novel technique with a widely used regional chemical transport model (CTM) over the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of China, and evaluate the response of PM2.5 and its inorganic components to the emissions of 36 pollutant–region–sector combinations. The predicted PM2.5 concentrations agree well with independent CTM simulations; the correlation coefficients are larger than 0.98 and 0.99, and the mean normalized errors (MNEs) are less than 1 and 2% for January and August, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the ERSM technique could reproduce fairly well the response of PM2.5 to continuous changes of precursor emission levels between zero and 150%. Employing this new technique, we identify the major sources contributing to PM2.5 and its inorganic components in the YRD region. The nonlinearity in the response of PM2.5 to emission changes is characterized and the underlying chemical processes are illustrated.
Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC, NOx, and O3 source apportionment
Authors: Kwok R. H. F. , Baker K. R. , Napelenok S. L. , Tonnesen G. S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. For the purposes of developing optimal emissions control strategies, efficient approaches are needed to identify the major sources or groups of sources that contribute to elevated ozone (O3) concentrations. Source-based apportionment techniques implemented in photochemical grid models track sources through the physical and chemical processes important to the formation and transport of air pollutants. Photochemical model source apportionment has been used to track source impacts of specific sources, groups of sources (sectors), sources in specific geographic areas, and stratospheric and lateral boundary inflow on O3. The implementation and application of a source apportionment technique for O3 and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are described here. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) O3 approach is a hybrid of source apportionment and source sensitivity in that O3 production is attributed to precursor sources based on O3 formation regime (e.g., for a NOx-sensitive regime, O3 is apportioned to participating NOx emissions). This implementation is illustrated by tracking multiple emissions source sectors and lateral boundary inflow. NOx, VOC, and O3 attribution to tracked sectors in the application are consistent with spatial and temporal patterns of precursor emissions. The O3 ISAM implementation is further evaluated through comparisons of apportioned ambient concentrations and deposition amounts with those derived from brute force zero-out scenarios, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.99 depending on specific combination of target species and tracked precursor emissions. Low correlation coefficients occur for chemical regimes that have strong nonlinearity in O3 sensitivity, which demonstrates different functionalities between source apportionment and zero-out approaches, where appropriate use depends on whether source attribution or source sensitivity is desired.