bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxus, Taxus Mealybug Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

On May 19, 1977, a series of eight treatments were applied to a landscape planting of yews at the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity adjacent to the Purdue Campus. At the time,of treatment the over-wintering nymphs were moving out onto the new growth. The sprays were applied to runoff utilizing a B and G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. The air temperature was 87°F and the wind was 2 mph. The acephate spray was repeated 10 days later. The experiment was replicated four times. Six inch twig samples were, placed in paper sacks and returned to the laboratory where they were refrigerated until counts were made under a binocular microscope. Samples were taken at time of treatment, seven, twenty-one and forty days post treatment. There was no indication of phytotoxicity. The results of the experiment approached significance at the 5% level.
Thornless Honeylocust, Honeylocust Mite Control, 1977
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Thornless honeylocust trees 10-12 feet in height were treated on June 17, 1977, at the Purdue Agronomy Farm. Treatments were applied with a Spartan Sprayer operating at 125 psi. Trees were sprayed to drip. Only alternate trees were used to avoid drift problems. The Medicaps were implanted in the basal portion of the tree at 4 in. intervals around the circumference of the tree and the holes sealed with wound paint. The systemic insecticide was applied as a soil drench in a ring cultivated at the drip line of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water per inch applied to seal the insecticide in the soil. The experiment was replicated 4 times. On August 11,8 weeks post treatment, the treated trees were sampled. Five compound leaf samples were taken, placed in a paper sack and taken to the laboratory. Samples were kept in a refrigerator until utilized. The samples were brushed onto a glass plate with a Henderson and McBurnie mite brushing machine. The mites on the plate were counted under a binocular microscope.
Phytotoxicity Test, OHIO, 1977
Authors: Nielsen D.G.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 19 species and cultivars of woody ornamental nursery crops in northeastern Ohio. Insecticides were applied June 1 and 2 under cloudy skies with ca 18°C temperatures. Each experimental rate was applied to 3 single plant replicates growing in field blocks. Compressed air sprayers were used to apply finished spray to runoff. Plants were examined 48 hours, 1 week, and 3 months after treatment.
Evaluation Of Several Insecticides Against Malathion-Susceptible and -Resistant Indian Meal Moths
Authors: Zettler J. Larry
Published: March 2022

1A malafhion-resistant and a malathion-susceptible strain of the Indian meal moth were reared in the laboratory (at 27±l°C and 65±5% RH) on the diet recommended by Boles, H. P. and Marzke, F. O. 1966. (In C. N. Smith (ed.) Insect Colonization and Mass Production. Academic Press, Ind., New York). The test insects were last-instar larvae that weighed between 15 and 18 mg. The insecticides (technical grade) were applied topically as acetone solutions of the desired concentrations according to the procedure of Zettler, J. L. et al., 1973, J. Econ. Entomol. 66: 1049-50. For treatment, the insects were briefly anesthetized by a continuous flow of CO2 in a Buchner funnel and were held individually with a Telvac(R) vaccum needle while 0.5 ul of the insecticide solution was applied to the pronotum with an Isco model M(R) microapolicator. Each strain was treated with at least 5 doses of each insecticide, and at least 100 insects/dose were treated. Control insects from each strain were treated only with acetone. The insects were treated in groups of 10, placed in clean petri dishes, and held at 27±l°C and 60±5% for mortality determinations 120 h after treatment. Insects showing little or no response when probed lightly with a pen-cil tip were considered dead or moribund. A probit analysis of the moribund.
Cattle, Common and Northern Cattle Grub Control in Wyoming with TF302 (Crufomate) Pour-On Insecticide, 1977
Authors: Lloyd John E.
Published: March 2022

32% crufomate (Dow Chemical TF302) pour-on was applied on Oct 2277 to Hereford cattle at the University of Wyoming Agriculture Substation, Gillette, Wyoming. Twenty-five mature cows, 17 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves were treated at application rates of: 1.0oz/170-250 lb, 1.5 oz/251-350 lb, 2.0 oz/351-450 lb, 2.5 oz/451-550 oz, 3.0 oz/551-750 lb, or 4.0 o;:/751 lb or more. Five cows, 5 yearling heifers, and 9 heifer calves from the same herd were left untreated. Grub numbers were determined by palpation on Feb 3’77andapr 22’77.
Cattle, Control of Larval Diptera in Manure of Dairy Heifers on Pasture with Rabon Oral Larvicide, 1977
Authors: Lloyd John E. , Kumar Rabinder , Lussenhop John F.
Published: March 2022

Rabon (stirofos) oral lorvicide (Music City Premix) in corn supplement was fed to 11 Holstein heifers (avg wt 1130 lb) at 70 mg stirofos/100 lb body weight/day. Each animal received ca. 7 lb of supplemental corn/day plus bromegrass-alfalfa hay free choice. On Aug 16’77, 30 days after initiation of treatment, feces were collected in the morning, mixed in a bread dough mixer, and divided into 1 kg artivicial cow pats that were placed in a nearby field. Feces from untreated heifers that received the same diet, but without stirofos, were handled similarly and placed in the field. On days 3 and 14 after the cow pats were deposited in the field, 12 cow pats from each group were placed in 100-watt Tullgren funnels for larval extraction.
Cattle, Dursban 10 CR as a Feed Through for Face Fly Control, 1977
Authors: Meyer Jeff , Knapp Fred W.
Published: March 2022

One 198 kg steer was fed Dursban 10 CR granules in its daily diet for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the last feeding, three 100-g fecal samples were collected and each bioassayed with 25 face fly larvae. A higher dosage was fed weekly until a 100% face fly mortality was obtained. Feces from a steer on the same diet with-out the Dursban was used for untreated checks.
Sheep, Mortality of Nasal Bots in Sheep Treated with Systemic Insecticides, 1977
Authors: Pfadt R. E. , Lloyd J. E. , Spackman E.
Published: March 2022

Ten spot-on or pour-on treatments of systemic insecticides were applied on October 12, 1977, to lambs for control of the larval stage of the sheep bot fly. Lambs were randomly assigned to each treatment and to one control group. After 7 to 8 days, the sheep were sacrificed and the nasal cavities and sinuses examinee for live larvae. Larvae were mainly first instar, but a small % were second instar.
Sheep, Five Formamidine Compounds Evaluated by Rumen Infusion for Systemic Control OF3-Host Ticks, 1977
Authors: Teel Pete D. , Hair Jakie A.
Published: March 2022

Twenty pairs of adult amblyomma americanum, A. maculatum and Dermacentor variabilis were confined to sheep in separate stockinette cells 72 h before treatment. Samples of 50-100 nymphs of these 3 species were confined in separate Plexiglas cells 48 h before treatment.
Apple, Phytotoxicity Test of Thuricide hpc and Hpsc, 1977
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Parrellaand M. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Early and late season applications of Thuricide HPC and HPSC were applied to four year old Golden Delicious apple trees in plots of 12 trees each for the evaluation of fruit russet injury. Materials were applied as 6X concentrates (467.69 litre/ha) with a Swanson truck mounted airblast sprayer operating at 7.04 kg/cm2. Thuricide HPC and HPSC were each applied at 39.54 and 14.83 BlU/ha (HPC 9.35 and 3.51 litre/ha; HPSC 2.49 and 0.93 kg/ha) on May 13 and 20. Thuricide HPC and HPSC were also applied at 39.54 BlU/ha September 2. A water control was applied on May 13 and 20. Dikar 80W (6.73 kg/ha) was included in all treatments. The following cover sprays were applied: Dikar 80W (6.73 kg/ha) June 7 and 27; Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha), Guthion 50W (0.84 kg/ha), and Plictran 50W (0.32 kg/ha) July 8; Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha) and Guthion 50W (0.84 kg/ha) August 1; and Dikar 80W (2.52 kg/ha) August 18. All but the June application of Dikar 80W were 6X concentrate sprays (233.84 litre/ha) applied with the same equipment as the Thuricide treatments, but to one side of the trees only. The June applications of Dikar 80W were dilute sprays applied to run-off to one side of the trees with a handgun and the Swanson airblast sprayer equipped with a high-pressure pump operating at 17.59 kg/cm2. Minimum temperatures of 0.6, -3.3, -2.2, and 0°C occurred May 9, 10, 11 and 12, respectively. No further freezing occurred after these dates.
Apple, Insect Control, 1975-1976
Authors: Mouzin T. E. , Reed D. K.
Published: March 2022

Dimilin (25% WP) was evaluated over 2 seasons in a 16 year-old dwarf apple planting. The 1975 experiment consisted of one replicate of 40 Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Jonathan trees, treated on 5-5, 5-29, 6-6, 6-19, 6-26, 7-15, 7-29 and 8-12. The 1976 experiment consisted of 2 replicates of 6 Jonathan trees each treated on 4-29, 5-10, 5-18, 6-3, 6-7, 6-21, 7-6, 7-21, 8-3, and 8-18. Applications were made with a John Bean sprayer operated at 400-450 psi at the rate of 5 gal/tree. There was considerable rainfall in May and June 1976, necessitating an additional application. Above normal temperatures during April 1976 caused an abnormally early bloom. Fruit infestation ratings were obtained by picking fruit at random and examining for damage Under heavy codling moth pressure, Dimilin performed well at fairly low dosages both seasons. No control was obtained against leafrollers and plum curculio at these dosages.
Pears, Pear Psylla Seasonal Control, 1977
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied with a Myers speed-sprayer in 2 pear blocks containing Bartlett, Bosc, Gorham, and Clapp Favorite cultivars. Treatments were replicated 3 times in ca. 1 acre plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Early season programs were applied on Apr 11, Apr 27, May 17, June 28, July 22, and Aug 22. Summer programs began at petal fall (May 17) and were then applied on June 3, June 23, July 22, and Aug 2. The check plot received an application of Guthion at PF (May 17) and sprays of Perthane on July 22 and Aug 2. All sprays were dilute (IX) except those at petal fall which were 3X. Nymphs were counted on 10 terminals selected randomly (1 terminal/tree) from each replication. Adults were counted on a 3 ft. square cloth frame held under a vertical branch which was tapped with a rubber hose. Ten such samples were obtained (1/tree) from randomly selected trees in each replication.
Control of Plum Curculio and Other Catfacing Insects that Damage Peach Fruit, 1971-1975
Authors: Yonce Carroll E.
Published: March 2022

Test chemicals were screened on a Dixiland cultivar during 1971 and 1972 and on a Redcap cultivar in 1973, 1974, and 1975. Materials were applied with a portable hand sprayer (300 psi) and wet to run-off (1.5 - 2 gal dilute spray/tree). Appropriate fungicides (sulfur and/or benlate) were included to control brown rot and scab fungi of fruit by using the Georgia spray schedule for peaches. Damage to fruit was assessed from samples taken weekly, beginning 2 wk after 1st application (petal fall) and continuing to harvest. From 450 to 800 fruit were sampled from each treatment each season. Fruit was observed for feeding and oviposition scars as well as for larval tunneling by plum curculio and for knarled or deformed fruit caused by other catfacing insects, probably hemipteran.
Leafhopper Control on Grapes, 1977
Authors: Jubb Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were screened for efficacy against leafhoppers on grapes in North East, PA. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Three vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Sprays were applied using an Ortho Sprayette Queen Size garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose on a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off, resulting in 200 gal of solution being applied per acre. The equivalent of 4 oz DuPont spreader-sticker per 100 gal was used with each treatment. Spray application date was June 30, 1977. Pre-treatment counts (June 28) averaged 12.7 ± 3.0 leafhopper nymphs per leaf in the plots. Treatments were evaluated by counting the nymphs on 30 infested leaves selected at random in each plot.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticide for Leafhopper Control on Concord Grapes, 1977
Authors: Jubb Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Temik 15G was evaluated at 3 rates for control of leafhoppers on grapes in North East, PA. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 6 times in a randomized block design. Three vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Treatments were applied on June 13, 1977. Granules were distributed uniformly in 2-inch deep furrows, 2 ft long, at 6 and 12 inches on each side of the vine, and covered with soil as soon as applied. Rainfall for the remainder of June was 2.33 inches; rainfall was 6.11 inches for July, and 7.78 inches for August. Rainfall was above average during this period. Treatments were evaluated by sampling 50 leaves selected at random per plot to record percentage of leaves infested and by examining 10 infested leaves per plot to determine number of nymphs per leaf.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1977
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Selected acaricides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM) in a completely randomized experiment. Each treatment was replicated four times in single-tree plots of mature Ruby Red grapefruit on a 30 ft x 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied by handgun of a John Bean Model 1010-MBTB Sprayer operating at 250 psi, using ca. 20 gal spray per tree. All spray applications were made on Jun 13’77. Rainfall recorded in the test block from May 1 to Jun 30 was 7.8 inches and from Jul 1 to Sept 1 was 0.34 inches. CRM counts were made 6 days prior to treatment and 30 and 60 days posttreatment. At each count, 50 leaves and 50 fruit were examined in each treated tree, with density of live rust mite rated on the following scale: 0.0 = no mites; 1.0 = 1-5; 2.0 = 6-10; 3.0 = 10 mites per leaf or fruit. Kelthane was the standard acaricide.
Lima Beans, Corn Earworm Control, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. , Gauthier Norman L. , Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

’Bridgeton’ lima beans were planted in double row plots, 40 ft in length, on July 8, 1977. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on August 31, September 13, and 19, with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. All treatments were mixed with 1.5 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Plots were rated on September 27 by harvesting 100 pods/treat/rep and recording the percent pods with com earworm injury. Yields were taken on October 4 by harvesting 2, 10-ft sections/treat/rep. The beans were run through a commercial viner and the pounds shelled weight were recorded.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

The corn was planted March 4, 1977. All plots were single row, 30 ft long with 6-ft centers. Materials were applied to the whorl March 22 at the rate of 50 gallons of water per acre with a 2½-gallon, hand-held sprayer at 40 psi. Rate ai per acre was calculated based on 3-ft row spacing. The corn was approximately 6 inches tall at application. Larval counts were made at 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. The numbers of fall atmyworm per plant were determined on each sampling date by sacrificing 10 plants, selected at random, from each plot
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1977
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 19 at Rosemount, Minnesota. Plofe were 1 row, 40 inches wide, 60 ft long, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. To reduce the natural enemies of green peach aphid and favor its population increase, azinphos-methyl at 0.5 lb ai/acre was sprayed weekly from June 20. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 midplant leaves, from each plot. Counts were made on the day following applications of the experimental insecticides. On August 30 the treatment of Nudrin 90SP at 0.45 lb ai/acre was replaced by Monitor 4WM at 0.75 lb ai/acre.
Potato Insect Control, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1977
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes were planted June 8, 1977, at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm. Soil type was Bearden silty clay. Plots were a single row, 40 ft long, spaced 38 inches apart, and randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Systemic insecticides were applied in-furrow as split-band treatments at planting. Foliar insecticide treatments were applied July 12 and August 9 using a 3-gallon, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/acre at ca. 40 psi. Potato leafhopper nymphs and green peach aphid apferae were counted from 35 leaves per plot. The field was harvested October 28.
Potato Insect Control With Foliar Sprays, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John
Published: March 2022

Uncut ‘Pungo’ Irish potatoes (size B) were planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows on July 26, 1977. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on August 17, 25, 31, September 7, 19, 28, October 5, 12, and 19. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments, the number of potato beetle larvae, beet armyworms, and European corn borers were recorded/10 hills of potatoes. Efficacy against the tuberworms was determined by counting the total number of tuberworm mines/10 hills.
Acaricide Screening of

T

.

Urticae

on Potatoes, 1976
Authors: Powell D.M. , Joy Don , Powell D. Michael , Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was made in a commercial potato field near Quincy, Washington, in glacial outwash Winchester sand soil. Date of planting was about the middle of April. Plots were 2 rows wide (1.7 m) and 15.2 m long. The plants had closed the rows by July 30 when the miticides were applied in 378 liters of spray/ha with a 2-row, backpack, CO2 portable sprayer. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment (August 2, 6, and 13), and the number of mites on the leaves were counted. The data were transformed to log 10 (X+l) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Furrow Treatments of Systemic Insecticides for Control of

M

. Persicae and

L

.

Decemlineata

, 1976
Authors: Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted in open furrows on April 16, 1976, in Ritzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington. After the granular formulated insecticides (listed in table) had been dribbled over the potato seed pieces with a hand-operated, funnel-type applicator, the seed pieces were covered with soil. The plots were 2 rows wide, 34 inches apart (86 cm) and 50 ft long (15.2 m). Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The crop was sprinkler irrigated. Aphids on 20 compound potato leaves per plot were counted June 8 (only 1 aphid found), 17, July 7, and August 4, and Colorado potato beedle damage per plot was rated (from 1 to 10) on August 11, 19, 26, and September 2 (plants were too mature and too badly damaged latter 2 dates to provide meaningful data). The data were subjected to analysis of variance with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. A similar experiment was made at Yakima airport in Ahtanum silt loam soil.
Insecticide Screening for Green Peach Aphid Control on Potatoes, 1976
Authors: Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ seed was planted April 16 in Ritzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington, in plots 2 rows wide (34 inches apart) and 50 ft long. On June 26 insecticides were applied in 40 gallons of spray/acre with a 2-row, backpack, CO2 hand sprayer. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment (June 28, July 2, and 9), and the number of aphids was counted. Data were transofmed to log 10 (X+l) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Potato;

L

.

Californicus

Control, Aberdeen, Idaho, 1974
Authors: Scott D. R. , Carpenter G. P.
Published: March 2022

The soil type of this field was Declo silt loam. Prior crop was ‘Regar brome’ grass (Bromusbieberstemii). Broadcast and sidedress treatments were in the same experiment so that they could be compared. Each treatment was replicated six times in a lattice design. Each plot was four rows wide (3.7 m) and 6.1 m long. Granular broadcast materials for each plot were weighed individually and applied with a cyclone-type hand applicator. Granular sidedress materials were applied with a tractor-mounted aplicator. The liquid sidedress was applied through the wand of a7.5-L sprayer which was taped to a side-dressing shank so that the spray was delivered in a small area behind the shoe. The granular sidedress was applied about 10-15 cm to each side at the level of the seedpieces. Broadcast treatments were applied, incorporated about 10 cm deep with a rototiller and the potatoes planted on May 23. Sidedress treatments were applied May 24. The plots were rill irrigated and 18 mm of rain fell between planting and harvest. Tuber samples from the two center rows of each plot were harvested October 8 and stored in a tuber cellar. On October 30, the samples were washed, a random subsample of 50 tubers taken from each, and the number of damaged tubers and wireworm holes per sub-sample recorded. Analysis of damaged tubers and wireworm holes was by the method of least squares and the adjusted means compared by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Irish Potato: Control of Aphids, Potato Fleabeetle, Potato Leafhopper, and Tarnished Plant Bug by Foliar Sprays, Freeville, New York, 1977
Authors: Tingey W. M. , Lapointe S. L.
Published: March 2022

‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted May 31, 1977, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9-12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 1 row wide, 40 ft long, with 34-inch-row spacing, separated by 2 skip rows. A random-ized complete block design of 4 replications was used. Fertilization consisted of 1000 lb/A of 15-15-15 NPK in 2 in-row side-bands at planting. Granular EPTC at 3.0 lb ai/A was applied on July 12 for weed control. Mancozeb at 1.6 lb ai/A was used at weekly intervals for control of late blight. Foliar sprays were applied by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 250 psi and 100 gal/A. Plots were not irrigated. Sampling of aphids was by the leaf-sample method; 1 fully expanded compound leaf was taken from the upper 1/2 and lower 1/2 of each of 5 randomly selected plants/plot. Sampling of other pests was by the D-vac vacuum collection method; samples were taken from 10 randomly selected sites/plot, with 3 bounces/site. Raw data were transformed [Log 10 (x+1)) as necessary prior to statistical analysis.
Green Peach Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Fox Lee , Richards A. W. , Tamaki George
Published: March 2022

‘U & I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted Apr 2‘78, in Ashue, AridisArgixerolls, loam near Toppenish, WA. Plots were 6-rows wide (22-in. apart) and 100-ft long. The two treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. For the first treatment, a granular insecticide was sidedressed (1 in. wide band) 1.5 in. from seed and 2 in. deep on one side of a row at planting time with a tractor-drawn, belt-type applicator. The second treatment consisted of two foliar sprays followed by an application of the granular insecticide. The foliar sprays were applied May 1 and 15 when the plants were in the cotyledon 2-leaf and 2- to 4-true leaf stage, respectively. This application was made with a bicycle-type, 6 row portable boom, CO2 pressurized sprayer at the rate of 19 gal/acre. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with the foliar spray. The granular insecticide was applied Jun 12, when beets were in the 8-10 true leaf stage, by dribbling previously weighed amounts of insecticide granules into the beet crowns through a hand-operated funnel-type applicator. In all plots, the same 10 plants in each plot were examined for insects on 6 dates. Three yellow water trap pans near the test site indicated that the initial alate green peach aphid (GPA) activity occurred the 2nd week of Apr. The field was rill irrigated.
Control of fruitworm and Leafminer on Tomato, 1978
Authors: Kouskolekas Costas A.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on Chandler Mountain, St. Clair County, AL. Seedlings were planted (1 plant/1.5 ft) Jun 20. Each plot consisted of one row, 20 ft long with 10 ft distance between rows. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment was used. Treatments were applied weekly from Aug 17 to Sep 13 using hand operated compressed air sprayers delivering 50 gal/acre. Manzate 200 was added to each spray at 2.0 lb ai/acre. Damage data were taken on Sep 18. Fruitworm damage was determined by examining 100 fruits per plot. Treatment efficacy on leafminer was evaluated by collecting from each plot all the mined leaves that could be gathered by one person within 5 minutes and then counting the number of mines (both active and inactive).
Tomato Fruitworm Control on Processing Tomato, 1978
Authors: Wade H. F. , Kennedy G. G.
Published: March 2022

Dorchester processing tomatoes were direct seeded on Jun 6 at the North Carolina State University, Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 20-feet long x 3.5 feet wide, and were separated within rows by 5-feet of bare ground and between rows by one untreated row of tomatoes. Treat-ments, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, were applied as sprays using a CO2-powered, back-pack sprayer equipped with 3 hollow cone nozzles and calibrated to deliver 100 gal/A at 40 psi on Jul 28, Aug 4, 11, 18, 25 and 30. A maximum of 50 ripe, ripening and rotting fruits were harvested from each plot on Aug 29 and Sep 6 and examined for injury by H.zea. Data from the 2 sample dates were pooled, transformed to arcsin V% and subjected to analysis of variance with mean separation By Duncan’s multiple range test at P≤ 0.05.
Caterpillar Control on Tomato, 1977
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , York Alan C. , Walker Gary L.
Published: March 2022

The crop was seeded 10 May at O‘Neall Horticultural Farm, Lafayette, IN. Treatments were 1 row (60 in. centers) 25-ft in length separated from the next treated row by an untreated row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 80 psi through two D4-45 nozzles. Applications were made on 20 Jul, 13 Aug, 25 Aug, and 19 Sep. Second generation variegated cutworm did not appear in the plots in late July/Aug, nor did aphids build up as a result of the extremely wet weather. Worm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruit randomly per replicate. Fruit was hand harvested only once due to light set.
Second Cutting on New Seeding Alfalfa Study, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

Alfalfa was planted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on May 19‘78. Plots were established in a randomized block design of 3 replications (plot size 12 ft x 25 ft - 300 square feet/plot). Fertilization consisted of 600 lb/A of 1-10-40 with boron. Eptam preplant incorporated and Premerge early postemergence were used as herbicides. Insecticide treatments were applied on Aug 2‘78 with CO2 bottle sprayer using .5 gallon bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment insect samplings were done at 8 days on Aug 10‘78 and at 21 days on Aug 23‘78 by using 10-180° insect sweep net collections per plot. Yields were taken at harvest on Sept 7‘78 by cutting a 1/1000 acre swath out of plot centers and weighing all hay cut. Samples were taken to determine percent DM by oven drying analysis.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

The alfalfa var Saranac AR stand was 3 years old and nearing full bud stage of development at time of treatment. Tip damage levels varied from 30-50% within the test area and precounts average 6 larvae/10 stems. Treatment plots were 10 ft x 10ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on Apr 30. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 32 psi. Post treatment counts were taken on May 3 and 9. Larval counts were based on two 10 stem samples taken at random within each plot.
Control of Blue Alfalfa Aphid with Actellic, 1978
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Actellic at four rates and Sumithion (2 rates) were evaluated on the mesa at Yuma, AZ. Plots were 20 x 20 ft replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Sprays were applied Mar 9 with a backpack CO2 sprayer at 40 gpa and 40 psi. Aphid counts were made by both sweep net and stem counts (stems placed in cannister charged with Ketone).
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Suppression, 1978
Authors: Clement S. L. , Szatmari-Goodman G.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to suppress larvae of the northern corn rootworm were evaluated at 2 locations in Ohio. Pioneer 3780 was planted in 30 inch rows in continuous corn acreage on June 3 in a 4.5 acre plot near Wooster (Wayne County) and April 29 in a 0.34 acre plot at the Western Branch Research Center (Clark County). Soil type was silt loam at Wooster and silfy clay loam (Brookston soil) at the Western Branch site. Planting at Wooster was delayed be-cause of abundant rain. Insecticides were applied at planting time in the furrow or in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel using electric Gandy insecticide boxes mounted over each planter presswheel. Applications were made at 3 mph tractor ground speed. Experi-ments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replicates/treatment. Plots were 2 rows x 40 ft long. Furadan (1.2 oz AI/1000 ft row) was applied 1974-77 in the Western Branch field; a soil insecticide was not used in 1977 at Wooster. Larval damage was assessed August 1 (Western Branch plots) and August 2-4 (Wooster plots) by digging and washing 24 root systems from each treatment (6/plot x 4 reps) and evaluating each root system with the standard Iowa 1-6 rating scale, where 1 = little or no damage and 6 = three or more nodes of roots destroyed.
Northern Corn Rootworm Control Study on No-Till Corn, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, New York, on field corn of the variety, Agway 151S in no-till sod planting (alfalfa and grass stubble). Randomized block design of three replications with two rows/plot (each row 17ft 4 inch = 1/1000 acre) and 30 inch row spacing was utilized. Two lb of Bladex 80W + 2.0 qt Lasso 4E + 2 pt Paraquat 2E + 0.5 pt Charger E applied on May 12‘77. Sixty lb of N/A also applied. In-furrow granular applications of insecticides were made on May 16‘77. Corn roots were dug on Aug 15‘77 to assess damage by the Northern Corn Rootworm larvae and roots were weighed. Ten corn roots were dug per plot, cleaned and rated for root damage using the Iowa root rating indexing system (scale 1-6) on August 16‘77.
Apple, Orchard Insecticide Study, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the Agway Orchard, Fabius, NY, on dwarf trellised rootstock apple trees of the varieties, Mcintosh, Red Delicious, Macoun, and Cortland. Single-row blocks (each 0.1 acre) of 22 trees were sprayed with hand-gun sprays to runoff at IX concentration using a tractor-mounted platform sprayer at 80 psi to deliver 300 GPA dilute equivalent. A full-season spray schedule was utilized starting at pink (May 3), petal fall (May 25), 1st cover (June 6), 2nd C (June 15), 3rd C (Jun 28), 4th C (Jul 12), 5th C (Jul 26), 6th C (Aug 9), 7th C (Aug 23), and 8th C (Sep 6). Benlate 50W was used as the standard fungicide (and for the check treatment) at 0.25 lb/100 when insecticides were not combined with other fungicides.
Field Corn, Broadcast Treatments to Control Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E.
Published: March 2022

Broadcast treatments were compared to 7-in. band treatments of the recommended rootworm soil insecticides during 1978 at Urbana. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. Each plot was 10 ft x 10 ft with three 30-in. rows through the plot and one row planted on the border line of each plot. Broadcast treatments were hand weighed, hand distributed on May 18 and lightly tilled into the soil. Liquid formulations were measured using a graduated pipette, diluted by 1 gal of water, hand distributed with a garden watering can, and lightly tilled into the soil. Granular band treatments were hand weighed, hand distributed over the presswheel tract on May 18 and lightly raked into the soil surface. Treatments were evaluated by stand counts, root damage ratings (Iowa 1-6), percent lodging, number of good ears, percent moisture of the grain, and yield in bushels per acre. Means were compared at the 5% level (DMRT). The soil was Flanagan silt clay loam and the soil temperature at the 4-in. level was 70°F at planting time. The weather was sunny and approximately 80°F air temperature.
Evaluation of Five Insecticides for Control of the Bandedwing Whitefly and Cabbage and Soybean Loopers in Cotton, 1977
Authors: Williams B.R. , Clower D. F. , Koonce K. L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 acid delinted seed was planted on May 11‘77 at 10 lb per acre. Treatments were placed in plots 8 rows (40-inch) by 40 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were made with an International 660 Hi-Clear sprayer with a compressed air system equipped with 2 X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 gpa at 3.5 mph and 60 psi. Four applications were made between Aug 10 and 25. Plots were not irrigated. Rainfall was moderate and did not affect applications. The pretreatment whitefly infestation count was 52 percent infested terminals on Aug 8. Separate applications of EPN + Methyl Parathion (0.5 + 0.5 lb Al/A) were applied on Aug 1, 5, 10, 15, 19, 25, and Sept 15 and one application of Pounce (0.1 lb AI/A) on Sept 26 was used on all plots for boll weevil and Heliothis spp. control. Twenty randomly selected terminal leaves per plot were col-lected on four observation dates and placed in plastic bags and frozen for later observation in the laboratory. Assessments of the whitefly populations were accomplished by counting the immature whiteflies in a 2.25 square centimeter area adjacent to the central leaf vein. Subsequent looper populations developed in the test and on Aug 29 a defoliation index rating was obtained based on the average ratings of three observers. The looper populations on Aug 25 were composed of 70% Trichoplusiani (Hubner) and 30% Pseudoplusiaincludens (Walker).
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides for Ovicidal Activity Against the Rice Brown Planthopper. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Five gravid brown planthoppers were caged and allowed to oviposit on potted 30-day-old rice seedlings for 24 hours. One day later the cages were removed, the potted plants were placed on a turntable and sprayed, and the plants were recaged. Hatching nymphs were recorded daily from 7-14 days after spraying. Thereafter, the plants were dissected under the microscope (eggs are injected into the leaf sheath tissue) to determine the number of unhatched eggs. Percent ovicidal activity was computed by dividing the number of hatched nymphs by the sum of hatched nymphs and unhatched eggs and multiplying times 100.
Rye, Suppression of Fall Armyworms and Associated Arthropods, Plains, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B.
Published: March 2022

The field of rye forage used for this test was growing under cool temperatures and adequate moisture in Faceville sandy loam and Greenville sandy clay loam. Treatments were applied at a height of ca. 5 ft with a Cessna Aquagon plane possessing 32 D-10 nozzles and flying 80 (high rate of oil) - 120 mph. They were applied with water (5 gal/acre) or crop oil (8.16 and 5.44 gal/acre) at 45 psi. Plots were 100 x 850 ft with a minimum of 75 ft of untreated rye between them. They were arranged as randomized strips in 2 blocks. Series of 50 sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia.) net were taken just to the north (2 series) and south (2 series) of an east-west center line in each plot. Samples were placed in plastic bags, frozen, and counted in the laboratory.
Grain Sorghum, Suppression of Sorghum Midge and Associated Arthropods, Plains, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B. , Touchton J. T.
Published: March 2022

Ratoon grain sorghum (the first crop was cut Sept 10) in 3 ft rows (middle to middle) was fertilized and allowed to produce a fall crop of grain in Sumter Co. (Greenville sandy clay loam). Moisture was adequate for grain production; however, cool temperatures hindered grain maturation. Treatments were applied in water as 90 gal/acre with a Solo 425 back-pack sprayer with 8010 nozzle between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM, Sept 28, Oct 1, and 5. Spray was directed to each side of the heads (25-60% bloom stage) by walking up each side of a row. Plots were 1 row x 30 ft with 2 untreated rows separating each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Sorghum in Test 1 received 100-140 lb nitrogen/acre; in Test 2 it received 40-80 lb nitrogen/acre. Ten sorghum heads/plot with blooming florets were checked for midge numbers by cautious inspection immediately prior to each treatment. After treatment five heads were selected at random from each plot, clipped, and placed in emergence sacks on both Oct 9 and 13 for later counting of midge, parasitoids, and noctuid larvae.
Chinch Bug Control
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

All experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The 1977 plots (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4) were located in Johnson County, Nebraska, and were one row wide, 30 ft (9.14 m) long. The 1978 plots (Tables 5, 6, 7) were located in Lancaster County, Nebraska, and were four rows wide, 30 ft (9.14 m) long. Insect and stand counts were made on the two center rows of each plot. All experiments were replicated four times. Three plants per treatment per replication were marked with flags, and insect counts were made on the same plants at each observation date. Insect counts and stand counts or percent plant survival were subjected to analysis of variance.
Aerial Application Efficacy Trials, 1978
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron
Published: March 2022

Eight soybean plots (Var. Williams) were located 2 miles northwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 300 ft by 150 ft (60 rows) with 3-in. centers. Experimental design consisted of each plot being randomly assigned a treatment. Treatments are given in the tables. Treatments were applied on July 13 by airplane as follows: (1) spray boom with 16 Tee Jet D1445 nozzles, (2) spray pressure at 20 psi, and (3) application rate at 2 gal/a. Weather conditions on the day of application were: temperature ca. 70°F, wind speed ca. 3 mph. Plants were randomly sampled with a 15-in. diam. sweep-net (50 sweeps/row, 4 rows/plot) on July 13 (pretreatment), July 14 (1-day post-treatment), July 16 (3-day post-treatment), July 24 (11-day post-treatment) and July 31 (18-day post-emergence). Soybeans were in growth stage R2 (beans growing in size) on all sampling dates. Samples were examined for insects in the laboratory. Plants were examined for visual signs of phytoroxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves, on all sampling dates. Measurable rainfall during the experiment was 3.75 inch.
Potato Leafhopper Efficacy Trials, 1978
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron
Published: March 2022

Twenty-eight soybean plots (Var. Amsoy 71) were located 2 miles south of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-inch centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 blocks each with 7 treatments. Treatments are given in the table. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting on May 26. Granular insecticides were applied with a 2-row John Deere 71 flex planter. Plants emerged June 1. Plots were sampled (10-ft2/plot) with a D-Vac vacuum insect net (l-ft2 sampling core) on June 16 (15-days post-emergence, plants with 2 trifoliate leaves), July 11 (41-days post-emergence, beginning bloom) and July 30 (60-days post-emergence, pods beginning to form). Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers in the laboratory. Stand counts were taken and plants examined for visual signs of phytoroxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves and stunting of plants on June 16. Total rainfall, for June and July, was 4.6 and 6.4 inch, respectively.
Comparison of Biweekly Guthion Applications with 2 Dosage Rates of Dimilin Applied with or Without Savol on 1- and 2-Week Treatment Schedules for Control of the Sugarcane Borer, 1977
Authors: Sanford J. W. , Gaudin G. R. , Reagan T. E. , Hensley S. D.
Published: March 2022

Guthion and Dimilin applications were made for full-season control of the sugarcane borer (SCB) in a block of first stubble crop sugarcane (variety CP 65-357) located at Fredrick Brothers Farm near Theriot, Louisiana. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 4 times. Individual plots were three 24.2 ft rows spaced 6 ft apart (0.01 acre). Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons of finished formulation per acre, per application. Dimilin concentrates were applied with and without a light emulsifiable oil (Savol), which was added to designated treatments at a rate of 1 pint per acre (0.50% cone). Insecticide applications were begun on June 14 after internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leafsheaths; applications were terminated August 2. Efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined at harvest-time by comparing the percent internodes bored in treated plots with that found in untreated plots. Twenty stalks were selected at random from the center row of each plot on August 30 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

on Burley Tobacco with Transplant Solution Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on June 14. Insecticides were applied in transplant water at the rate of 500 gallon total solution per acre. Plots were 200 ft long, 2 rows wide, arranged in 3 randomized complete blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 14 inches within rows. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Counts in the data table are averages of 90-leaf counts made on July 10, 24, and 31.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

and

M

.

Persicae

on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Tobacco ‘Madole’ was transplanted on June 6. All treatments were applied using 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Spray treatments were applied on 14-day schedule for a total of 4 applications, beginning June 20. Plots were 20 ft x 2 rows, each separated from another by one untreated row. Rows were spaced 42 inches apart. Plants were spaced 36 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 6 ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Results in the data table are averages of two 40-leaf counts made on August 1 and 22. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation of entire plant with severe necrosis of lower leaf bases). Ratings in the table, made on August 22, are averages for 52 plants. Soil type was Mountview silt loam of pH 6.6.
Control of the White Grub (

Cyclocephala

SP.) Preparatory to Planting Wheat, 1978
Authors: Coppock Stanley , Pitts Terry
Published: March 2022

Population counts of Cyclocephala sp. were found in northwestern Kingfisher County, Oklahoma which exceeded 60 larvae per cubic foot of soil in late August 1978. Since its economic threshold does not exceed 2 larvae per row foot in small grains, it was necessary to devise a means of control before planting winter wheat. On September 8, 1978, two insecticides, Diazinon 14G and Furadan 10G were applied to fallow, sandy wheat ground prior to planting, then incorporated 2-4 inches with a disc. Both chemicals were applied at 1 lb, 2 lb, and 4 lb ai/acre. At the time of testing, the grub count averages 45 grubs per cubic foot. The insecticides were applied with a three foot Gandy dry fertilizer-applicator starting at 1:00 p.m.; air temperature was 85*T. The plots were 21 feet by 21 feet with a check plot of the small size. Samples were taken in the plots of 1 cubic foot of soil in each treatment on a weekly interval.
Western Spruce Budworm Control with Three Dosages of Reldan, 1977
Authors: Markin George P. , Grimble David G.
Published: March 2022

Reldan (Chlorpyrifos-methyl) was applied at the rate of 8 oz ai gal/acre, 4 oz ai gal/acre, and 2 oz ai gal/acre against 4 th and 5th instar larvae of the western spruce budworm in central Idaho, June 22-24, 1977. Reldan was mixed with diesel fuel, with Rhodamine dye added as a marker. It was applied by a Bell 47 helicopter equipped with 8002 flat-fan nozzle tips and flying at 45 mph and 50 ft above tree tops. Spray plots were approximately 50 acres and at 4500-5500 ft elevation. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate with 5 additional plots left untreated as checks. Populations, expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds, were determined 24 hr before spray and at 3 intervals afterwards from 15 trees in each plot.
Phytotoxicity Test, Virginia, 1978
Authors: Schultz P. B.
Published: March 2022

This test was an evaluation of Bendiocarb 76WP at 5.0 lb ai/100 gal for phytotoxicity on 47 species and cultivars of the All America Selections Trial Garden at Virginia Beach, Virginia. A single insecticidal application was made on August 28. Approximately 1 m2 of each cultivar was treated to runoff, using a knapsack sprayer. Temperature at time of treatment was 23°C (74°F). Rainfall during the evaluation period was .5 inch on August 31. Plants were examined 1, 3, and 7 days after application.