bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Potential Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang He , Zhang Di , Hu Xiaopeng
Published: October 2022

This study aims to explore the role of abnormal fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in ccRCC and construct a novel fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature (FAMGS) for prognosis. Three independent ccRCC cohorts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, E-MTAB-1980 and our clinical cohort (including RNA-seq, microarray and RT-qPCR data), were applied as training and two independent validation cohorts. Firstly, FAM levels were found to be significantly decreased in ccRCC and correlated with degrees of malignancy, confirming the pivotal role of FAM in ccRCC. Applying the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cox regression, we established a novel FAMGS for overall survival (OS). The FAMGS divided patients into low or high-risk groups in the training cohort and were successfully validated in both the EMTAB and our clinical validation cohorts. Additionally, the FAMGS serves as an independent risk factor for OS of ccRCC. Results of the immune cell abundance identifier (ImmuCellAI) algorithm and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed that patients in the high-risk group have comprehensively impaired metabolism, including lipids, amino acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related pathways and a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, our study constructed and validated a novel FAMGS, which may improve the risk stratification optimization and personalized management of ccRCC.
A Single Center Analysis of Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Zhai Yirui , Zeng Qiang , Bi Nan , Zhou Zongmei , Xiao Zefen , Hui Zhouguang , Chen Dongfu , Wang Luhua , Wang Jianyang , Liu Wenyang , Deng Lei , Lv Jima , Wang Wenqing , Luo Yang , Li Junling , Wang Xin , Zhang Tao , Gao Yushun , Feng Qinfu
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Thymic neuroendocrine tumors (TNETs) are a collection of slow-progressing neoplasms located in the anterior mediastinum. Relatively few previously published studies have focused on thymic carcinomas. This study investigated the basic clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of TNETs. Methods: Patients were enrolled in the study from January 2003 to December 2017 who had been diagnosed with TNETs through pathological screening and treated at our institution. Demographic data from each patient, the Masaoka stage, histology and size of the tumor, tumor invasion characteristics, and therapeutic strategies were gathered. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess patient survival. In addition, the log-rank test was used to carry out univariate analyses. Results: Twenty-six patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. The median age of the patients was 46.5 (25–69) years. The tumor median maximum diameter was 7.9 cm (from 3 to 19 cm). Twenty-four patients were treated surgically. Nineteen patients completed radiation therapy, and sixteen patients underwent chemotherapy. A median follow-up time of 54.95 months was observed. The survival rate for three years was 75.0% and 70.6% for five years. The corresponding progression-free survival rates for three and five years were 55.7% and 37.7%, respectively. The local, regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 87.2% and 81.7%, and the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 55.7% and 37.7%, at three and five years, respectively. Local recurrence (six patients) and bone metastasis (six patients) were observed as the most frequent failures. Conclusion: TNET was observed to be an aggressive but rare malignant lesion. While the predominant treatment was complete resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were also required due to the high recurrence rate.
Recent Advances in Bacteria-Based Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Xianyuan , Du Meng , Chen Zhiyi , Yuan Zhen
Published: October 2022

Owing to its unique mechanism of abundant pathogen-associated molecular patterns in antitumor immune responses, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has recently attracted wide attention. Compared to traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy exhibits the versatile capabilities for suppressing cancer thanks to its preferentially accumulating and proliferating within tumors. In particular, bacteria have demonstrated their anticancer effect through the toxins, and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall, and dormant spores. More importantly, the design of engineering bacteria with detoxification and specificity is essential for the efficacy of bacteria-based cancer therapeutics. Meanwhile, bacteria can deliver the cytokines, antibody, and other anticancer theranostic nanoparticles to tumor microenvironments by regulating the expression of the bacterial genes or chemical and physical loading. In this review, we illustrate that naïve bacteria and their components can serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. In addition, we summarize the recent advances in efficient antitumor treatments by genetically engineering bacteria and bacteria-based nanoparticles. Further, possible future perspectives in bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy are also inspected.
CircKIF4A Is a Prognostic Factor and Modulator of Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Progression
Authors: He Rongfang , Wen Wei , Fu Bibo , Zhu Renjie , Chen Guanjun , Bai Shenrui , Cao Xi , Wang Hua
Published: October 2022

Background: Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is difficult to treat. Circular RNAs (circ RNAs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the function of circKIF4A in NKTL has not been investigated. Methods: QPCR analysis was used to compare circKIF4A levels in NKTL cell lines versus normal cell lines. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess the effect of circKIF4A on the prognosis of NKTL. The correlation between clinicopathological features and circKIF4A expression was examined using cox regression analysis. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry assays were also used to investigate the mechanisms of circKIF4A in NKTL. Results: Our analyses revealed that circKIF4A is significantly upregulated in NKTL cell lines and that its upregulation correlates with the poor prognosis of NKTL. The silencing of circKIF4A significantly suppressed glucose uptake and lactate production in NKTL cells. Moreover, we showed that circKIF4A, PDK1, and BCL11A bind miR-1231 and that circKIF4A regulates PDK1 and BCL11A expressions by sponging miR-1231. Conclusions: During NKTL progression, circKIF4A regulated PDK1 and BCL11A levels by sponging miR-1231. Our data indicated that circKIF4A is oncogenic in NKTL and that it is a predictor of poor prognosis of NKTL.
Crosstalk between Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and ROS Drives Endometrial Repair via the HIF-1α/YAP Axis during Menstruation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yan , Wang Yingnan , Liu Cuiyan , Han Chunyang
Published: October 2022

Although the menstrual cycle driven by sex steroid hormones is an uncomplicated physiological process, it is important for female health, fertility and regenerative biology. However, our understanding of this unique type of tissue homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we examined the biological effects of mechanical force by evaluating the changing trend of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, and the results suggested that ECM stiffness was reduced and that breaking of mechanotransduction delayed endometrium repair in a mouse model of simulated menses. We constructed an ECM stiffness interference model in vitro to explain the mechanical force conduction mechanism during endometrial regeneration. We discovered that ECM stiffness increased the expression and nuclear transfer of YAP, which improved the creation of a microenvironment, in a manner that induced proliferation and angiogenesis for endometrial repair by activating YAP. In addition, we observed that physiological endometrial hypoxia occurs during the menstrual cycle and that the expression of HIF-1α was increased. Mechanistically, in addition to the classical F-actin/YAP pathway, we also found that the ROS/HIF-1α/YAP axis was involved in the transmission of mechanical signals. This study provides novel insights into the essential menstrual cycle and presents an effective, nonhormonal treatment for menstrual disorders.
The Flavone Cirsiliol from Salvia x jamensis Binds the F1 Moiety of ATP Synthase, Modulating Free Radical Production
Authors: Carlini Lavinia , Tancreda Gabriele , Iobbi Valeria , Caicci Federico , Bruno Silvia , Esposito Alfonso , Calzia Daniela , Benini Stefano , Bisio Angela , Manni Lucia , Schito Anna , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Ravera Silvia , Panfoli Isabella
Published: October 2022

Several studies have shown that mammalian retinal rod outer segments (OS) are peculiar structures devoid of mitochondria, characterized by ectopic expression of the molecular machinery for oxidative phosphorylation. Such ectopic aerobic metabolism would provide the chemical energy for the phototransduction taking place in the OS. Natural polyphenols include a large variety of molecules having pleiotropic effects, ranging from anti-inflammatory to antioxidant and others. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential of the flavonoid cirsiliol, a trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone extracted from Salvia x jamensis, in modulating reactive oxygen species production by the ectopic oxidative phosphorylation taking place in the OS. Our molecular docking analysis identified cirsiliol binding sites inside the F1 moiety of the nanomotor F1Fo-ATP synthase. The experimental approach was based on luminometry, spectrophotometry and cytofluorimetry to evaluate ATP synthesis, respiratory chain complex activity and H2O2 production, respectively. The results showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of ATP production by cirsiliol. Moreover, cirsiliol was effective in reducing the free radical production by the OS exposed to ambient light. We report a considerable protective effect of cirsiliol on the structural stability of rod OS, suggesting it may be considered a promising compound against oxidative stress.
Modeling Obesity-Driven Pancreatic Carcinogenesis—A Review of Current In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Obesity and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kfoury Sally , Michl Patrick , Roth Laura
Published: October 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate below 10%, thereby exhibiting the worst prognosis of all solid tumors. Increasing incidence together with a continued lack of targeted treatment options will cause PDAC to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world by 2030. Obesity belongs to the predominant risk factors for pancreatic cancer. To improve our understanding of the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer development and progression, novel laboratory techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarize current in vitro and in vivo models of PDAC and obesity as well as an overview of a variety of models to investigate obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. We start by giving an overview on different methods to cultivate adipocytes in vitro as well as various in vivo mouse models of obesity. Moreover, established murine and human PDAC cell lines as well as organoids are summarized and the genetically engineered models of PCAC compared to xenograft models are introduced. Finally, we review published in vitro and in vivo models studying the impact of obesity on PDAC, enabling us to decipher the molecular basis of obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Impact of Battery Energy System Integration in Frequency Control of an Electrical Grid with Wind Power
Authors: Pokhriyal Anukriti , Domínguez-García José Luis , Gómez-Romero Pedro
Published: October 2022

The rapid increase in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid is posing new challenges for the dynamic responses due to the global inertia reduction. In this regard, the impact on frequency stability of such reduction and the potential support from wind power have been investigated lately. However, it is well-known that the variability of wind power and its reduced inertia may not be enough to handle the power unbalance. Energy storage systems (e.g., batteries) may provide the required additional flexibility to ensure proper response. In this paper, an analysis of how the different control loops for frequency support on wind power and batteries interact and perform is presented. To gain insights from the different impacts, a sensitivity analysis comparison for frequency regulation through (i) inertia and droop control of a variable speed wind turbine and (ii) battery is performed. The analysis was carried out through simulations using the well-known 4 generator 2-area model adapted to include a wind farm. From a battery perspective, its ramping capabilities were varied to provide frequency regulation. The paper shows how, depending on the control parameters and battery size, the frequency response may even become unstable due to interactions of the various pieces of technology. Thus, it shows that coordinated actions, control optimization and grid status among different actors on the grid (as battery and wind) is required for stable operation.
Engulfment of a Particle by a Growing Crystal in Binary Alloys
Authors: Han Qingyou , Liu Yanfei , Peng Cheng , Liu Zhiwei
Published: October 2022

Under quasi-steady particle pushing conditions in an alloy, fresh liquid has to flow to the gap separating a particle and an advancing solid–liquid interface of a crystal to feed the volume change associated with the liquid–solid phase transformation. In the meantime, solute rejected by the growing crystal has to diffuse out of the gap against the physical feeding flow. An inequality equation was derived to estimate the pushing-to-engulfment transition (PET) velocity of the crystal under which the particle is pushed by the growing crystal. Experiments were performed in an Al-4.5 wt.%Cu-2 wt.% TiB2 composite under isothermal coarsening conditions. TiB2 particles were indeed engulfed by the growing aluminum dendrites as predicted using the inequality equation. Predictions of the inequality equation also agreed reasonably well with literature data from the solidification of distilled water containing particles obtained under minimal convection conditions. The inequality equation suggests that the PET velocity is much smaller in a binary alloy than that in a pure material. Without the influence of fluid flow or other factors that put a particle in motion in the liquid, the particle should be engulfed by the growing crystal in alloys solidified under normal cooling rates associated with convectional casting conditions.
Finite Element Simulation of the Effect of Phase Transformation on Residual Stress in a Thick Section T-Joint
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrahman , Alharthi Hamzah A.
Published: October 2022

It has long been known that residual stresses can profoundly affect the integrity of engineering components. Evidence has recently emerged to confirm that solid-state phase transformations in steels can significantly influence the as-welded residual stresses. A two-dimensional thermo-mechanical, generalized plane strain finite element model was created to simulate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress during the multi-pass weld process in a thick section T-joint. The effect of phase transformation and martensite start temperatures was investigated. The results showed that phase transformation generated compressive residual stress underneath the last bead to be deposited for this multi-pass weld model. However, some constraints around the bead were essential to provide that stress. Tensile residual stress was generated in the bulk of the weld area when phase transformation was considered. Therefore, phase transformation may be helpful for single pass and other groove welds but may be unhelpful in the case of the T-joint examined here. The effect of the martensite start temperature is small compared with the main difference between having a phase transformation and not having one.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used as Biopesticides by Indigenous People of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Ali Ahmed Difa , Ior Lydia Doosuur , Dogo Goni Abraham , Joshua John Israila , Gushit John Stephen
Published: October 2022

The quest for sustainable health, environmental protection, and the conservation of beneficial organisms makes the use of biopesticides a desirable option. This research aimed to identify the botanicals used in the management of farm and household pests in Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was carried out using semi-structured questionnaires and on-the-spot, face-to-face interviews. The main issues captured include the pests, the plants used to manage the pest, the parts used, the cultivation status, the availability, the effects on the pests, the indigenous formulation methods, and the modes of application. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation RFC (%), and Use Value (UV). A total of 45 plant species belonging to 42 genera, 20 orders, and 30 families were found to be useful in the management of 15 different pests. The FC, RFC (%), and UV values identified the most popularly used plants as Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip., Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Canarium schweinfurthii Engl., Euphorbiaunispina N.E.Br., and Erythrophloem africanum (Benth.) Harms. The plants that showed broad uses by the ethnic groups include Azadirachta indica A. Juss (7 uses), Erythrophloem africanum (Benth.) Harms, Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. The perception of the respondents indicated that most of the biopesticides are available, affordable, effective, eco-friendly, and safe. This survey provides a pathway for the formulation of stable biopesticides.
Population Density and Abundance of the Northernmost Population of Cordulegaster heros (Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae) in Europe (Czech Republic) with Notes on Its Biogeographical Range
Authors: Holuša Otakar , Holušová Kateřina
Published: October 2022

Cordulegaster heros is a Balkan species with a disjunctive area extending into Central Europe. The population in the Chřiby Mts. in the southeastern Czech Republic is the northernmost population, and this population was intensively studied from 2010 to 2021 to establish basic data on its abundance. In the territory, the geomorphological characteristics of streams, characteristics of sediment in streams, habitat, emergence time, and period of flight were recorded, and population viability was evaluated. Larvae were recorded in 10 small forest streams (altitude of 235–426 m a.s.l.), with an average minimum width of 51.9 cm, an average maximum width of 177.7 cm, an average minimum depth of 6.5 cm, an average maximum depth (in pools) of 21 cm, and an average stream gradient of 1.9 grades. The sediments in each stream exhibited a grain size distribution with an average fraction less than 0.05 mm represented by 6.3%, a fraction of 0.05–0.1 mm represented by 21.1%, a fraction of 0.1–2 mm represented by 52.1%, a fraction of 2–5 mm represented by 12.1%, a fraction of 5–20 mm represented by 8%, and a fraction of 20+ mm represented by 0.3%. The larval abundance was 0.1–6.7 larvae per 1 m2 of suitable sediment. The emergence period was recorded from 28 May to 1 July. The emergence site was categorized as larvae-dominated plant leave (57% of cases), plant stalks (21%), and tree trunks (17%). Exuviae occurred at an average of 154 cm at horizontal distance from the shore and an average vertical height of 77 cm above the ground. The average total distance of larval movement was 205 cm. The flight period in 2021 was recorded from 15 June to 11 August with peak flight activity noted in the third week of June. The northernmost population of C. heros was evaluated as viable and stable.
Geographic Patterns of the Richness and Density of Wild Orchids in Nature Reserves of Jiangxi, China
Authors: Zhan Qinghua , Liang Yuelong , Zhang Zhong , Liu Feihu , Li Liyang , Tang Xiaodong , Liang Zhongxuan , Chen Weixing , Hu Mingtao , Tan Shaolin , Luo Huolin , Zhou Yadong , Yang Boyun
Published: October 2022

Orchids have attracted much attention from researchers, because of their richness of species and their great ornamental and medicinal value. Jiangxi Province, which is located in southeastern China and ringed on three sides by mountains, contains many nature reserves and harbors large number of orchids. Here, we conducted field surveys of orchids in 35 nature reserves in Jiangxi, using sampling lines and plots. We also analyzed the relationship between orchid richness and density with environmental variables and studied the relationship among these nature reserves. We found that the mountainous areas of southwestern, southern, and northeastern Jiangxi have a high richness and density of orchids, while the mountainous areas of central and northwestern Jiangxi have low richness and density. Jiulianshan and Jinggangshan are the two most rich-species reserves, with 58 and 55 orchids, respectively. Eight reserves (22% of those surveyed) had fewer than 10 orchids. Compared with soil, climate, and vegetation, topography was more closely related to the richness and density of orchids. Topographical variables explained 19% and 20% of the total variation in SR and SD, respectively. The result of hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the 35 nature reserves of Jiangxi obviously fall into two main clusters, which are separated by the Ganjiang River–Poyang Lake water system. In conclusion, the geographical patterns of richness and the density of orchids in Jiangxi are uneven and are affected by topography and vegetation, while their distribution is affected by the terrain of Jiangxi. Our work explains the richness and density patterns and the assembly mechanism of the orchids in Jiangxi and also provides new ideas for the protection of orchids in this region.
Visible Lymph Affluents in the D3 Volume: An MDCTA Pictorial Essay
Authors: Stimec Bojan V. , Ignjatovic Dejan
Published: October 2022

Background: There seems to be a gap in knowledge of the anatomy of mesenteric lymphatics between the superior mesenteric nodes and the intestinal trunk. To our knowledge, these central lymph vessels were not hitherto systematically searched for, described, or morphometrically analyzed. Our aim was to identify those vessels on the routine multidetector computerized tomography angiography (MDCTA), performed prior to right colectomy for cancer, with extended mesenterectomy, central vascular ligation, and D3 lymphadenectomy. Methods: A total of 420 MDCTA datasets were analyzed utilizing manual segmentation and 3D reconstruction, with the aid of image processing software Osirix, Mimics, and 3-matic. The 3D models and masks underwent a detailed topographic and morphometric analysis. Results: Significant vascular-like structures, having neither origin nor termination on the blood vessels, were noted in 18 cases (4.3%) in the D3 volume. The dimensions of visible lymph vessels varied, their mean diameter was 1.81 ± 0.61 mm, and the mean length was 38.07 ± 22.19 mm. In the vast majority of cases, the lymph vessels were situated in front of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), coursing either longitudinally cranially (13 cases) or transversely/obliquely to the left (5 cases). In all cases but one, the lymph vessel passed at the left-hand side of the middle colic artery. As for the course shape, in seven cases, the lymph vessel appeared highly serpiginous. Conclusions: The regular MDCTA can provide valuable information on mesenteric lymphatics and aid in surgical planning.
UAV Charging Station Placement in Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Bacanli Salih Safa , Elgeldawi Enas , Turgut Begümhan , Turgut Damla
Published: October 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now extensively used in a wide variety of applications, including a key role within opportunistic wireless networks. These types of opportunistic networks are considered well suited for infrastructure-less areas, or urban areas with overloaded cellular networks. For these networks, UAVs are envisioned to complement and support opportunistic network performance; however, the short battery life of commercial UAVs and their need for frequent charging can limit their utility. This paper addresses the challenge of charging station placement in a UAV-aided opportunistic network. We implemented three clustering approaches, namely, K-means, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), and random clustering, with each clustering approach being examined in combination with Epidemic, Spray and Wait, and State-Based Campus Routing (SCR) routing protocols. The simulation results show that determining the charging station locations using K-means clustering with three clusters showed lower message delay and higher success rate than deciding the charging station location either randomly or using DBSCAN regardless of the routing strategy employed between nodes.
Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine
Authors: Khatib Saleh F. A. , Hendrawaty Ernie , Bazhair Ayman Hassan , Rahma Ibraheem A. Abu , Al Amosh Hamzeh
Published: October 2022

Despite evidence on the social and economic importance of financial inclusion (FI), the relationship between FI and bank profitability remains unclear. In this research, we evaluated the association between financial inclusion and the performance of banks in Palestine using dynamic panel analysis applied to a sample of 11 banks, with two econometric models representing profitability indicators over a nine-year period (2012–2020). In addition to linear regression models, the generalized method of moments estimator was utilized. The results showed that access to financial services (e.g., the number of automated teller machines (ATMs) and the number of bank branches), service delivery (including the average costs to maintain a current account), and the quality of the products improve banks’ profitability. However, point-of-sale terminals have no impact on profitability. Additionally, financial service utilization reflected in bank account number sand credit to small and medium-sized enterprises do not affect bank profitability, and among bank-specific variables, the nonperforming loan ratios, the cost-to-income ratios, and liquidity were found to be the main drivers of profitability. Policymakers in Palestine must prioritize FI by adopting rules that encourage lending to practices of financial institutions.
The Internal and External Factors That Determined Private Investment in Ecuador 2007–2020
Authors: Macas-Acosta Guido , Macas-Lituma Genesis , Vergara-Romero Arnaldo
Published: October 2022

This article studies how electoral processes and internal factors of the Ecuadorian economy affect the dynamics of the country’s business expectations. The hypothesis that the free market and socialist political models in an economy generate different reactions in the expectations of the agents, according to the prevailing macroeconomic context, is tested. The empirical analysis is based on time series tools on quarterly data between 2006 and 2021. The results show that the dynamics of investment adjustment to the relationships of internal factors, electoral processes, and other variables explain 84% of this behavior. This is more accelerated in political contexts that promote the free market and maintain social, political, and economic stability, showing an overreaction of agents to negative economic news following the loss-aversion hypothesis.
Active Learning in STEM Education with Regard to the Development of Inquiry Skills
Authors: Ješková Zuzana , Lukáč Stanislav , Šnajder Ľubomír , Guniš Ján , Klein Daniel , Kireš Marián
Published: October 2022

Active learning, represented by inquiry-based science education (IBSE) strategies, is considered essential for students to develop skills and knowledge to prepare for the challenges of the 21st century world. The success of IBSE, and the resulting development of inquiry skills in particular, can be enhanced by various factors. This study is focused on the synergetic effect of the implementation of IBSE through well-designed inquiry activities across STEM-related disciplines, enhanced by digital technologies and formative assessment tools, delivered by teachers educated in this field. The corresponding research based on a quasi-experimental design evaluated the effect on the development of inquiry skills that were identified before and after a period of consistent implementation of IBSE, using a written test of inquiry skills as the main research instrument. The research findings on the sample of 2307 upper secondary school students confirmed a low initial level of inquiry skills, however a statistically significant improvement in students’ inquiry skills with medium size effect was identified. The detailed analysis shows the largest impact in the skill of determination of accuracy and statistically significant differences between genders without practical importance, however no difference was identified with regard to the number of inquiry activities undertaken.
Teaching Online: Lessons Learned about Methodological Strategies in Postgraduate Studies
Authors: Ramos-Pla Anabel , Reese Leslie , Arce Consuelo , Balladares Jorge , Fiallos Blanca
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present study was to analyze the methodological strategies used by postgraduate faculty from four international education faculties during the transition from face-to-face classes to virtual ones. Through the use of a mixed methodology, a questionnaire with Likert-type, multiple, alternative, and open-ended responses was designed. The results showed that during the transition from face-to-face to virtual classes, the most-utilized teaching activities were collaborative work, followed by lectures through videoconferences. Almost all the faculty modified their instruction methods, highlighting teaching activities, followed by evaluation activities. The study concludes by pointing out the lessons learned during the transition from face-to-face teaching to virtual teaching. We believe that universities must take advantage of the push towards virtual teaching made possible by the pandemic, to continue opting for the new technologies in Higher Education to face future emergency situations with resilience.
A High Phase Detection Density and Low Space Complexity Mueller-Muller Phase Detector for DB PAM-4 Wireline Receiver
Authors: Zhang Jinwang , Lv Fangxu , Shi Jianjun , Tang Zixiang , Lv Dongbin
Published: October 2022

A Mueller-Muller Phase Detector (MM PD) technology based on duo-binary four-level pulse amplitude modulation (DB PAM-4) with low complexity and high phase-detection density is presented. The proposed low complexity includes low phase-detection complexity and low space complexity of data processing. The waveform sifting technology simplifies 175 specific waveform changes into five fuzzy waveform change trends, reducing the complexity of subsequent phase detection. By making the data sample before the waveform sifting, the data bit width is reduced from 8 bit to 3 bit, which realizes data dimensionality reduction, greatly reduces the scale of subsequent auxiliary data, reduces the number of basic devices by 13.7%, and reduces the spatial complexity of data processing. The coherent coding of DB PAM-4 combined with waveform sifting increases the phase-detection density from 50% to 65% and improves both phase-detection density and phase-detection gain by 30%, and improves the jitter tolerance. Through the simulation of the clock and data recovery (CDR) model built by Cadence, the fast locking capability of CDR is verified.
Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Virtual Machine Allocation and Migration
Authors: Talwani Suruchi , Singla Jimmy , Mathur Gauri , Malik Navneet , Jhanjhi N. Z , Masud Mehedi , Aljahdali Sultan
Published: October 2022

Due to its ability to supply reliable, robust and scalable computational power, cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular in industry, government, and academia. High-speed networks connect both virtual and real machines in cloud computing data centres. The system’s dynamic provisioning environment depends on the requirements of end-user computer resources. Hence, the operational costs of a particular data center are relatively high. To meet service level agreements (SLAs), it is essential to assign an appropriate maximum number of resources. Virtualization is a fundamental technology used in cloud computing. It assists cloud providers to manage data centre resources effectively, and, hence, improves resource usage by creating several virtualmachine (VM) instances. Furthermore, VMs can be dynamically integrated into a few physical nodes based on current resource requirements using live migration, while meeting SLAs. As a result, unoptimised and inefficient VM consolidation can reduce performance when an application is exposed to varying workloads. This paper introduces a new machine-learning-based approach for dynamically integrating VMs based on adaptive predictions of usage thresholds to achieve acceptable service level agreement (SLAs) standards. Dynamic data was generated during runtime to validate the efficiency of the proposed technique compared with other machine learning algorithms.
Performance-Based Solutions of Thermal and Smoke Control Ventilation in Industrial Power Plant Buildings
Authors: Brzezińska Dorota , Brzezińska Maria
Published: October 2022

Industrial power plant buildings differ from all other types of buildings, mainly due to their significant heights and volumes without internal floor sections, exceptionally heat gains during daily work, and potentially high fire risk. Those buildings consist of boiler and turbine houses with multilevel stairways. This complicated architecture creates an extraordinary natural thermal stack effect, causing special ventilation and smoke control systems requirements, adapted to their specific structures and internal conditions. The paper demonstrates a proposal for optimal thermal smoke control ventilation solutions in industrial power plant buildings designated on the basis of performance-based calculations and confirmed by CFD simulations. It demonstrates the possibilities of using daily ventilation in the boiler houses in a function of smoke control systems in the event of a fire and defines fundamental rules for designing the system. Additionally, a new method of sufficient staircase (pylons) protection with a modified pressurization system is proposed.
Factors Shaping Performance of Polish Biodiesel Producers Participating in the Farm Accountancy Data Network in the Context of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union
Authors: Bełdycka-Bórawska Aneta , Bórawski Piotr , Holden Lisa , Rokicki Tomasz , Klepacki Bogdan
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to present factors shaping biodiesel production in Poland influenced by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). The performance of Polish biodiesel producers was analyzed. A regression model was built to identify the factors that impacted biodiesel production in Poland. The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) was the main source of information about Polish biodiesel farmers. The FADN is the most comprehensive and detailed source of economic and agricultural data in Poland. Changes in the number of biodiesel producers in the Polish market were analyzed with the use of indicators. In the last stage of the study, the impact of selected variables on the performance of rapeseed farms was determined in a regression analysis. The second source of information was Eurostat data, which provided information about pure biodiesel production in the European Union (EU) countries from 2004 to 2019. The biggest producers of pure biodiesel in the European Union are Germany, France, Spain, and Italy. Poland is also an important producer of biodiesel in the European Union (EU). Both descriptive statistics and statistical analyses are presented. First, we used descriptive statistics to present changes in pure biodiesel production in the European Union. Second, we used statistical analyses to present factors shaping the economic performance of biodiesel producers in Poland. The study demonstrated that the number of rapeseed producers in Poland has increased and that farm performance has improved during the period analyzed. Rapeseed farms have increased their land area and the value of fixed and current assets. The land area under rapeseed cultivation has increased after Poland joined the EU, which suggests a positive response to a growing demand for biofuels.
Impedance Compensation Method Considering Unbalanced Ground Fault with SFCL in a Power Distribution System
Authors: Cho Yoo-Jung , Lim Sung-Hun
Published: October 2022

As the energy demand increases due to the developing electric power industry, the fault current becomes higher during the fault time. A new approach is needed to reduce a fault current in a power distribution system, since the fault currents influence other protective devices’ operation. To decrease the fault current, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been suggested. The SFCL has no power loss with no effect on a power distribution system because the SFCL impedance only occurs during the fault time. However, the SFCL can reduce the fault current; it causes the trip time delay of the over current relay (OCR). Compensation methods for the balanced fault have been invented in previous studies, while research on unbalanced ground fault compensation are few. In this paper, the compensation method configured with impedance components of a power distribution system is introduced to eliminate the influence of the SFCL on the OCR. In addition, the components of the SFCL impedance are removed from the characteristic equation of the OCR. To verify the effect of the impedance compensation method, fault simulations are carried out in 3 types of ground faults using PSCAD/EMTDC.
Co-Estimation of State-of-Charge and State-of-Health for Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Temperature and Ageing
Authors: Lai Xin , Yuan Ming , Tang Xiaopeng , Yao Yi , Weng Jiahui , Gao Furong , Ma Weiguo , Zheng Yuejiu
Published: October 2022

State-of-charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the basis of other state estimations. However, its accuracy can be affected by many factors, such as temperature and ageing. To handle this bottleneck issue, we here propose a joint SOC-SOH estimation method considering the influence of the temperature. It combines the Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (FFRLS) algorithm, Total Least Squares (TLS) algorithm, and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm. First, the FFRLS algorithm is used to identify and update the parameters of the equivalent circuit model in real time under different battery ageing degrees. Then, the TLS algorithm is used to estimate the battery SOH to improve the prior estimation accuracy of SOC. Next, the SOC is calculated by the UKF algorithm, and finally, a more accurate SOH can be obtained according to the UKF-based SOC trajectory. The battery-in-the-loop experiments are utilized to verify the proposed algorithm. For the cases of temperature change up to 35 °C and capacity decay up to 10%, our joint estimator can achieve ultra-low errors, bounded by 2%, respectively, for SOH and SOC. The proposed method paves the way for the advancement of battery use in applications, such as electric vehicles and microgrid applications.
Numerical and Experimental Performance Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Thermal Integrated Membrane Desalination System
Authors: Ali Sajid , Al-Amri Fahad , Saeed Farooq
Published: October 2022

Membrane desalination (MD) is preferred over other desalination techniques since it requires a lower temperature gradient. Its performance can be further enhanced by preheating the intake of saline water. In this context, a novel solar-assisted air gap membrane desalination (AGMD) system was hypothesized. The motivation was derived from the fact that the use of solar energy to provide power and a pre-heating source for the intake of saline water can offer a sustainable alternative that can further enhance the acceptance of MD systems. Since solar panels suffer from a loss of efficiency as they heat up during operation, a solar-assisted air gap membrane desalination (AGMD) system can help to improve the overall system performance by (1) providing the necessary pumping power to operate the system and (2) improving solar panel performance by exchanging heat using water that is (3) used to pre-heat the saline water necessary for increased performance of the AGMD system. To verify the hypothesis, a solar-assisted AGMD system for freshwater production was theoretically designed, fabricated locally, and then tested experimentally. The effect of the process operating parameters and the ambient conditions on the overall performance of the proposed solar-assisted AGMD desalination unit is presented in detail, both theoretically and experimentally. The results indicated a direct correlation between the permeate flux, saline hot feed temperature, and hot feed flow rate. In addition, an inverse relationship between the cold feed temperature, cold feed flow rate, and the air gap thickness of the module was also observed and reported, thus, validating the hypothesis that a solar-assisted air gap membrane desalination (AGMD) system can help to boost performance.
Transcriptome Analysis of Apricot Kernel Pistils Reveals the Mechanisms Underlying ROS-Mediated Freezing Resistance
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Yang Yingying , Xu Huihui , Yu Dan , Bi Quanxin , Wang Libing
Published: October 2022

Spring frost is a major limiting factor in the production and cultivation of apricot kernels, an ecological and economic dry-fruit tree in China. The frequent occurrence of spring frost often coincides with the blooming period of apricot kernels, resulting in significant damage to floral organs and reductions in yield. We investigated the molecular signature of pistils from two apricot kernel cultivars with different frost-resistance levels using transcriptome data. A total of 3223 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were found between two apricot kernel cultivars under freezing stress, including the bHLH and AP2/ERF-ERF transcription factors. Based on KEGG analysis, DEGs were mostly enriched in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites, in the metabolic pathways, and in plant-hormone signal transduction. The co-expression network, which included 81 hub genes, revealed that transcription factors, protein kinases, ubiquitin ligases, hormone components, and Ca2+-related proteins coregulated the ROS-mediated freezing response. Moreover, gene interaction relationships, such as ERF109-HMGCR1, ERF109-GRXC9, and bHLH13-JAZ8, were predicted. These findings revealed the regulatory factors for differences in frost resistance between the two tested apricot kernel cultivars and contributed to a deeper understanding of the comprehensive regulatory program during freezing stress. Some of the hub genes identified in this work provide new choices and directions for breeding apricot kernels with a high frost resistance.
Primary Selection of Excellent Catalpa fargesii Clones Based on Growth and Wood Properties
Authors: Yu Xiaochi , Li Feng , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Junhui , Liu Ying , Yi Fei , Guo Xiaolong , Zhang Peng , Ma Wenjun
Published: October 2022

To select excellent clones characterized by fast growth and high-quality wood of Catalpa fargesii Bur., growth traits, including height and diameter at breast height (DBH) at 1, 9, 11 and 13 years old, were collected and wood properties, including the Pilodyn value and elastic modulus at age 13 of 200 clones of C. fargesii from different ecological areas (four provinces), were measured. Genetic variation analysis and repeatability estimation were carried out. The correlation between the characteristics and the correlation between the characteristics and the geographical and climatic factors were analyzed. Excellent clones were selected by a comprehensive evaluation method combined with breeding values. The traits of C. fargesii were significantly different among the clones. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 12.12% to 26.17%, and the repeatability (R) ranged from 0.79 to 0.97. The growth traits among ages of 9, 11 and 13 were significantly correlated, and the growth traits at ages of 9, 11 and 13 and Pilodyn values at the age of 13 were positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with longitude. Tree growth at ages of 11 and 13 showed a high negative correlation with wood properties. The suitable tree age for the early selection of clones with excellent growth and wood properties is 11 years old. Nine clones with excellent growth, six clones with high-quality wood and three clones with great growth and wood properties were selected, which laid a foundation for further optimization of C. fargesii clones. Additionally, C. fargesii clones in the western and high-altitude areas featured fast growth, while those in the eastern and low-altitude areas had better wood properties. This study serves as a reference for the selection of C. fargesii clones in different ecological areas.
Functionality of Pea-Grass Carp Co-Precipitated Dual-Protein as Affected by Extraction pH
Authors: Zhou Xiaohu , Zhang Chaohua , Zhao Liangzhong , Cao Wenhong , Zhou Chunxia , Xie Xin , Chen YuLian
Published: October 2022

Isoelectric solubilisation/co-precipitation (ISP) has been proven to be a better method than blending for preparing plant–animal dual-proteins, which can achieve synergies in the functional properties of heterologous proteins. This paper aims to investigate the effect of extraction pH on the functional properties of co-precipitated dual-protein. The basic composition, subunit composition, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsification and gel properties of co-precipitated dual-protein (Co) prepared from pea and grass carp with pH (2.0, 3.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0) were analysed in this study using ISP. The results showed that the functional properties of Co (Co9, Co10, Co11) prepared by alkali extraction were generally better than those prepared by acid extraction (Co2, Co3). Among them, Co10 has the highest vicilin/legumin α + β value and solubility, while having the lowest surface hydrophobicity, making its emulsification and gel properties superior to other extraction pH values. This study provides an important method reference for preparing plant-animal Co with exceptional functional properties.
The Genetic Architecture of Meat Quality Traits in a Crossbred Commercial Pig Population
Authors: Zhuang Zhanwei , Wu Jie , Xu Cineng , Ruan Donglin , Qiu Yibin , Zhou Shenping , Ding Rongrong , Quan Jianping , Yang Ming , Zheng Enqin , Wu Zhenfang , Yang Jie
Published: October 2022

Meat quality is of importance in consumer acceptance and purchasing tendency of pork. However, the genetic architecture of pork meat quality traits remains elusive. Herein, we conducted genome-wide association studies to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes affecting meat pH and meat color (L*, lightness; a*, redness; b*, yellowness) in 1518 three-way crossbred pigs. All individuals were genotyped using the GeneSeek Porcine 50K BeadChip. In sum, 30 SNPs and 20 genes are found to be associated with eight meat quality traits. Notably, we detect one significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on SSC15 with a 143 kb interval for meat pH (pH_12h), together with the most promising candidate TNS1. Interestingly, two newly identified SNPs located in the TTLL4 gene demonstrate the highest phenotypic variance of pH_12h in this QTL, at 2.67%. The identified SNPs are useful for the genetic improvement of meat quality traits in pigs by assigning higher weights to associated SNPs in genomic selection.