bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm with quasi-affine transformation evolutionary for numerical optimization and application
Authors: Wang Ru-Yu , Hu Pei , Hu Chia-Cheng , Pan Jeng-Shyang
Published: February 2022

The Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm is a swarm intelligence algorithm with strong versatility and high computational efficiency. However, when faced with complex multi-peak problems, Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm tends to converge prematurely. In response to this situation, this article proposes a new optimized structure—Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm. The new algorithm uses the evolution matrix in QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolution algorithm to update the position coordinates of particles. This strategy makes the movement of particles more scientific and the search space broader. In order to prove its effectiveness, we compare Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm with five other mature intelligent algorithms, and test them on 22 different types of benchmark functions. In order to observe the multi-faceted performance of Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm more intuitively, we also conduct experiments on algorithm convergence analysis, the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and running time comparison. Through the above several comparative experiments, Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm has indeed demonstrated its strong competitiveness. Finally, we apply it to Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. Through comparing with the contrast algorithms, it is confirmed that Quasi-affine Transformation evolutionary for the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm can achieve better vehicle routes planning.
Primary stability analysis of the torque-resistant orthodontic miniscrew anchorage
Authors: Ye Yushan , Zhang Jianna , Hao Yunru , He Jieying , Wang Yamei , Lu Yingjuan , Chang Shaohai
Published: February 2022

Though miniscrews are widely used as a temporary anchorage device, research focusing on the primary stability of miniscrew loading torque force is limited. This study is aimed to design a novel torque-resistant miniscrew used as orthodontic anchorage (TRO-screws) and to compare the difference of primary stability between TRO-screws and commercial miniscrew anchorage (COM-screws) using torque tests and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Fresh swine ribs were cut into pieces of 20 mm × 13 mm × 11 mm, and each piece was implanted with one screw after a 1.5 mm-deep hole with a diameter of 1.0 mm was pre-drilled. There were 20 TRO-screws and 20 COM-screws. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torque (MRT) were measured. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded parallel to and perpendicular to the long axis of teeth respectively. The measurement was repeated three times for each direction, and the ISQ values were averaged and recorded as the ISQpar, ISQper, and ISQm. The mean values of MIT for TRO-screws and COM-screws were 11.86±1.58 N cm and 10.36±1.42 N  cm. The mean values of MRT for TRO-screws and COM-screws were 8.45±2.24 N cm and 6.76±1.78 N cm. The mean values of ISQ for TRO-screws and COM-screws were 61.80±2.9 and 58.15±2.98. These indicated that TRO-screws were more stable than COM-screws. We found that the primary stability of the TRO-screw was better than that of the COM-screw.
The use of the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery for people born with Down syndrome and those born premature: A comparative systematic review
Authors: Tristão Rosana M , Scafutto Marengo Lucas A , Costa Julia Feminella Duarte da , Pires Ana Luísa dos Santos , Boato Elvio M
Published: February 2022

This review aimed to investigate the use of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Testing Battery (CANTAB) for people at risk of cognitive impairment, especially those born with Down syndrome and those born preterm. Six databases were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, in addition to the bibliography index listed in the CANTAB site. Twenty four studies regarding Down syndrome and 17 regarding prematurity were reviewed and are here described. Both cognitive profiles were described, and their performance was compared on specific tasks and CANTAB tests. In this battery of tests, people with Down syndrome usually present impaired key cognitive domains, such as episodic memory and recognition memory. Results were presented considering general aspects described in the studies, specific findings such as dementia, the role of genetics, and cognitive profile, among other descriptions. Comparability between both populations in future studies is discussed.
Assessing Preferences and Perceived Restorative Qualities of Break Spaces for Nurses in China
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyi , Shepley Mardelle McCuskey
Published: February 2022

Objective:

This study investigated Chinese nurses’ preferences for (a) proximity of break areas, (b) functionality of break areas, (c) amenities, and (d) nature-related environmental features.

Background:

While nurses in China need support to adequately perform their jobs, little is known about how restorative spaces impact their mental and physical health.

Methods:

Data were collected through interviews ( N = 12), survey questionnaires ( N = 88), and visual assessments ( N = 88) from nurses who worked in inpatient settings in China.

Results:

Nurses preferred the break room to be close to nursing stations; to have visual privacy from patients; and to provide space and facilities for drinking, taking naps, dining, and chatting with colleagues. Balconies and windows were shown to have a significant restorative effect. Well-designed break areas were perceived to have positive impacts on nurse perceived levels of well-being and increase nurses’ satisfaction levels with their work environment.

Conclusion:

The study outcomes emphasize the importance of restorative spaces for inpatient nurses and recommend including natural elements in the break rooms.
Skeletal radiographic manifestations of GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff disease) in two Japanese domestic cats
Authors: Yu Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Daisuke , Hamamoto Yuji , Mizoguchi Shunta , Fujimori Toshiki , Kubo Yoshiaki , Islam Md Shafiqul , Yamato Osamu
Published: February 2022

Case series summary

Two Japanese domestic cats with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0, diagnosed at different times, are included in this case series. Both cats were diagnosed by genetic analysis and had the HEXB:c.667C>T pathogenic genetic variant, which have been previously reported in Japanese domestic cats with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0. Clinical signs and the identification of vacuolation in circulating lymphocytes were consistent with those in previous reports of feline GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0. Radiography showed that both cases had similar skeletal radiographic manifestations, which has not been previously reported in Japanese domestic cats with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0. Radiographic findings included abnormally shaped vertebral bodies, obscure or irregular endplates (both of which were seen especially in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae), generalised osteopenia and new bone proliferation around articular facets.

Relevance and novel information

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to present the skeletal radiographic abnormalities of Japanese domestic cats with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 caused by the HEXB:c.667C>T pathogenic genetic variant. Furthermore, together with a report published in 2015 on the radiographic findings of feline GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 caused by another pathogenic genetic variant, this report suggests that these findings may be indicators of feline GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0. The easily obtained radiographic findings described in this report may be useful as a finding suggestive of feline GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0, in addition to the cytological finding of the vacuolated cells. The report emphasises the utility of radiography for diagnosis of cases with suspected progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
Transforming commercial contracts through computable contracting
Authors: Cummins John , Clack Christopher D
Published: February 2022

Contracts are an essential and fundamental component of commerce and society, serving to clarify agreements between multiple parties. While digital technologies have helped to automate many activities associated with contracting, the contracts themselves continue, in the main, to be in the form of unstructured, natural language text. This limits the scope for improvements in productivity and automation, as well as the emergence of new business models. To this end, this paper examines the concept of “computable contracts” as objects that are understandable by both humans and computers, and goes on to present a framework that unifies a range of technologies and approaches that collectively will help to make computable contracting a reality.
Differing Relationships Between Instagram and Twitter on Suicidal Thinking: The Importance of Interpersonal Factors
Authors: Unruh-Dawes Emma L. , Smith Logan M. , Krug Marks Cassandra P. , Wells Tony T.
Published: February 2022

Suicide is a major public health problem. For young adults in the United States, the rate of death by suicide has increased substantially. The evidence for the effects of social media on mental health are contradictory. However, there is limited research investigating effects of social media usage on suicide ideation. Given the interpersonal nature of social media (SM), we examined the relationship between Instagram, Twitter, and suicidal ideation in the context of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in 449 young adults. We found a significant indirect effect of Instagram use on lower suicide ideation through lower perceived burdensomeness. Our results are inconsistent with the literature demonstrating negative mental health effects associated with SM usage. Rather, our results indicate that some SM platforms may be associated with positive mental health outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that different SM platforms may result in differing effects on mental health and interpersonal factors specifically. Future research should examine the content and activities that users engage in while using SM to provide a deeper understanding of these relationships.
Pathogenesis and Staging of Craniovertebral Tuberculosis: Radiographic Evaluation, Classification, and Natural History
Authors: Chaudhary Kshitij , Pennington Zach , Rathod Ashok K. , Laheri Vinod , Bapat Mihir , Sciubba Daniel M. , Suratwala Sanjeev J
Published: February 2022

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Objective

To radiographically evaluate Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) tuberculosis infection pathogenesis and to propose a modification to the Lifeso classification.

Methods

A cohort of patients with radiologically or microbiologically identified CVJ tuberculosis treated at a single tertiary referral center in a TB endemic area was queried for characteristics about clinical presentation, treatment, and radiographic evidence of bone destruction and abscess formation were included. Disease was classified according to the Lifeso grading system and bony lesions were classified as either type 1 (preservation of underlying structure) or type 2 (damage of underlying structure).

Results

52 patients were identified (mean age 28.5 ± 13.4yr, 48% male; 14% with a prior history of tuberculosis). All presented with neck pain at presentation, 29% with rotatory pain, and 37% with myelopathy. Comparison by Lifeso type showed Lifeso III lesions had longer symptom durations ( P = .03) and more commonly had periarticular or predental abscess formation ( P < .05), spinal cord compression ( P < .01), and more commonly involved the C2 body and atlanto-dental joint. Underlying bony destruction was more common for lesions of the lateral atlantoaxial joints and atlanto-dental joints in Lifeso III cases than in either Lifeso I or II (all P < .05).

Conclusions

The radiologic findings of the present series suggest CVJ TB infection may originate in the periarticular fascia with subsequent invasion into the adjacent atlanto-dental and lateral atlantoaxial joints in later disease. To reflect this proposed etiology, we present a modified Lifeso classification to describe the radiologic pathogenesis of CVJ TB.
Cost-effective Solution for Maxillofacial Reconstruction Surgery with Virtual Surgical Planning and 3D Printed Cutting Guides Reduces Operative Time
Authors: Garza-Cisneros Andrea Nallely , García-Pérez Mauricio Manuel , Rodriguez-Guajardo William Josef , Elizondo-Riojas Guillermo , Negreros-Osuna Adrian A.
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to explore a low-cost solution for virtual surgical planning/3D printed surgical guides in a training hospital, assessing the impact on intraoperative time and bleeding. Material and Methods: We included a total of 13 patients. 8 who underwent maxillofacial reconstruction surgery with fibula-free flap utilizing virtual surgical planning/3D printed guides (VP/SG), and 5 using conventional surgery (CS) from 2017 to 2020. The surgical time, bleeding, length of hospital stay, and comorbidities were collected and compared in two groups. We recorded the average cost for the complete surgical planning and 3D printed guides. We applied a qualitative survey to the surgeons involved in the surgical procedures. Results The mean surgical time in the VP/SG group was 8.16 ± 2.7, compared to the CS group 12.5 ± 3.8, showing a 4.34 hours difference with statistical significance (p = 0.033). Patients from the CS group had a higher bleeding volume of 921 ± 467.6 mL VS 760 ± 633.8 mL in the VP/SG group. The average cost for the complete surgical planning and 3D printed guides was 914.44 ± 46.39 USD. All the surgeons who answered the survey preferred to perform the procedure utilizing the virtual planning/3D printed guides. Conclusions Virtual planning and 3D printed surgical guides have the potential to reduce operation time in maxillofacial reconstruction.
Periacetabular Osteotomy in United States Military Personnel: Results From an Interservice Hip Preservation Practice
Authors: Murtha Andrew S. , Schmitz Matthew R.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Untreated or residual developmental dysplasia of the hip may cause significant morbidity. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) allows for surgical reorientation of the acetabulum but requires a significant recovery period. Because of the physical demands of active military service, hip dysplasia or its treatment with PAO may cause a significant impact on the careers of affected personnel.

Purpose:

To measure the impact of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia and its treatment with PAO on the physical readiness of personnel in the United States Armed Forces.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Records from an interservice hip-preservation practice were reviewed for all patients who underwent PAO while on active duty from January 2014 through April 2017. Collected information included branch of service, military occupation, preoperative duty restrictions related to the hip, and concomitant surgical procedures. Patients were evaluated for a minimum of 24 months and assessed for their time to return to duty, continued duty restrictions, and referrals to the medical evaluation board.

Results:

Twenty patients (15 female, 5 male) underwent a PAO while on active duty during the period assessed. The mean patient age at surgery was 25.9 years, and the mean follow-up was 3.3 years (range, 2.3-5.4 years). In the 6 months preceding surgery, 94% of the 17 patients with available records were on duty restrictions specific to their hip (14 temporary, 2 permanent). After PAO, 35% of patients (n = 7) returned to full duty and 85% were able to remain on active duty (n = 12) or complete their military service commitments (n = 5) without noted medical disability. Three patients were medically discharged after PAO, with 1 patient referred due to hip pathology.

Conclusion:

Acetabular dysplasia significantly affects physical readiness in affected servicemembers, with 94% requiring duty restrictions. PAO allowed 85% of patients to return to military service, and 1 in 3 were able to return to full duty.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Care and Quality of Life for Patients With Breast and Gynecologic Malignancies: A Single-Center Survey-Based Study
Authors: Berger Natalie F. , Zimmerman Brittney S. , Seidman Danielle , Cascetta Krystal P. , Moshier Erin , Nezolosky Michelle , Trlica Kara , Ryncarz Alisa , Keeton Caitlin , Tiersten Amy
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated the mental health and cancer treatment-related impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with breast and gynecologic cancers. An 18-question survey was administered in June 2020 at a New York City-based cancer center to assess the quality of life (QOL) and overall health (OH) during both the pandemic time period from March 1, 2020, through June 30, 2020, and the pre-pandemic period (prior to March 1, 2020). Survey questions were answered on a 5-point Likert scale and a 7-point EORTC QLQ-C30 QOL scale. Differences in mean QOL and OH scores were evaluated using a paired t-test. QOL and OH were significantly worsened by the pandemic, with significant increases in anxiety, depression, and mood swings.
Assessing the Impact of the Mobile Manufacturing Sector on Indian Economy
Authors: Choudhury Rahul Nath
Published: February 2022

Indian mobile phone manufacturing sector has performed tremendously during the last few years. Currently India is the second biggest mobile phone market in the world. The total number of mobile manufacturing units in India has increased to 268 in 2019 from just 2 in 2014. Together these units employ 6.7 lakh people. The mobile phone sale in India has shown a compounded annual growth rate of 6.66 percent and 6.54 percent, respectively, for volume and value between 2007 and 2018. During 2018 the average monthly sale of mobile phones was 10 million. There were around 75 brands and 3,400 models of mobile handsets in Indian market during 2019. India now accounts for 11 percent of global mobile production, which was only 3 percent in 2014. The mobile manufacturing sector has achieved this success in a very short span of time. Hence, it is important to examine the factors that led to the phenomenal success of the sector. Second, what is the impact of this success to the Indian economy? These are the two prime objectives the current article attempts to explore. The study finds Indian policy initiatives, digital India campaign among a few others have contributed immensely to the growth of the sector. Analyzing the factors like domestic sale and export of mobile handsets, FDI received and employment generated for the period between 2014 and 2019 the study finds a positive impact created by this sector to the Indian economy.
A critical review on the availability of substandard and falsified medicines online: Incidence, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Jamee , Modica de Mohac Laura , Mackey Tim K , Raimi-Abraham Bahijja Tolulope
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous expansion of the Internet and increased globalisation of the pharmaceutical industry have meant medication can be accessed transnationally from both legal and illicit sources. This has coincided with the rise of substandard and falsified medicines (SFMs) online. These products fail to meet regulatory or quality standards and/or are constituted with substandard ingredients, causing undesired pharmacological effects, including possible injury and death. This review aimed to identify original research studies that examined characteristics of SFM online sales, attitudes towards purchasing medicines online and strategies to address this drug safety challenge. Keywords of ‘Substandard’ and ‘Falsified’/‘Counterfeit’ and ‘Medicines’/‘Drugs’ and ‘Online’/‘Internet’ were searched using Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases. Resulting literature, which satisfied the study’s inclusion criteria, was included in the review, and the findings from each paper were assessed. From an initial 185 literature articles, 7 were eligible according to the inclusion criteria to be reviewed. These articles identified studies testing SFMs purchased online, surveys of attitudes and knowledge about SFMs online, and website content analysis to detect illegal online sales. Challenges identified were lack of knowledge and awareness among consumers and physicians, in addition to the use of direct-to-consumer-advertising, via Internet platforms and social media, providing easy access to SFMs. Despite this, medicine authentication technology, website verification approaches and new detection methods were identified as potential solutions specific to online SFM sales. To address online sales of SFMs, more robust research, greater awareness/educational programmes, analytical detection methods and more stringent online global governance are required.
Co-Relation of Hormonal Profile and BRCA1 in Sporadic Breast Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Experience of 303 Patients
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Khan Fatima , Gupta Sameer , Bhalla Shalini , Thomas Ann , Anand Akshay , Singh Kulranjan , Sonkar Abhinav Arun
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Invasive Breast carcinoma—No special type (NST) is the most common breast malignancy accounting for 95% of breast cancers. Study of predictive and prognostic immunohistochemical markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2neu) expression are crucial for treatment planning.

Materials and Methods:

In the present study we studied the hormonal profile in 303 sporadic breast cancers and BRCA1 protein expression in these patients along with its clinico-pathological correlation.

Results:

In our patient population, Triple negative Breast carcinoma (TNBC) (104/303; 34.3%) was the most common luminal subtype followed by Luminal A 74/303; 24.4%), Her2 enriched (65/303; 21.5%), and Luminal B (60/303; 19.8%) respectively. This contrasts with many western studies which commonly report Luminal A being the largest subgroup. BRCA1 protein loss was more prominently seen in TNBC (64/104;61.5%) highlighting the possibility that high grade tumors are more susceptible to some epigenetic modifications leading to higher likelihood of loss of BRCA1 protein.

Conclusion:

Hence, we conclude that like hereditary cases of breast carcinoma with BRCA1 mutation; BRCA1 loss is also more likely in sporadic TNBC cases.
Guiding the global evolution of cytogenetic testing for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Akkari Yassmine M. N. , Baughn Linda B. , Dubuc Adrian M. , Smith Adam C. , Mallo Mar , Dal Cin Paola , Diez Campelo Maria , Gallego Marta S. , Granada Font Isabel , Haase Detlef T. , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Slavutsky Irma , Mecucci Cristina , Levine Ross L. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Solé Francesc , Levy Brynn , Xu Xinjie
Published: February 2022

Cytogenetics has long represented a critical component in the clinical evaluation of hematologic malignancies. Chromosome banding studies provide a simultaneous snapshot of genome-wide copy number and structural variation, which have been shown to drive tumorigenesis, define diseases, and guide treatment. Technological innovations in sequencing have ushered in our present-day clinical genomics era. With recent publications highlighting novel sequencing technologies as alternatives to conventional cytogenetic approaches, we, an international consortium of laboratory geneticists, pathologists, and oncologists, describe herein the advantages and limitations of both conventional chromosome banding and novel sequencing technologies and share our considerations on crucial next steps to implement these novel technologies in the global clinical setting for a more accurate cytogenetic evaluation, which may provide improved diagnosis and treatment management. Considering the clinical, logistic, technical, and financial implications, we provide points to consider for the global evolution of cytogenetic testing.
Safety and efficacy of tisagenlecleucel in primary CNS lymphoma: a phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Frigault Matthew J. , Dietrich Jorg , Gallagher Kathleen , Roschewski Mark , Jordan Justin T. , Forst Deborah , Plotkin Scott R. , Cook Daniella , Casey Keagan S. , Lindell Kevin A. , Depinho Gabriel D. , Katsis Katelin , Elder Eva Lynn , Leick Mark B. , Choi Bryan , Horick Nora , Preffer Frederic , Saylor Meredith , McAfee Steven , O’Donnell Paul V. , Spitzer Thomas R. , Dey Bimalangshu , DeFilipp Zachariah , El-Jawahri Areej , Batchelor Tracy T. , Maus Marcela V. , Chen Yi-Bin
Published: February 2022

CD19-directed chimerical antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products have gained US Food and Drug Administration approval for systemic large B-cell lymphoma. Because of concerns about potential immune cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) were excluded from all pivotal CAR-T studies. We conducted a phase 1/2 clinical trial of tisagenlecleucel in a highly refractory patients with PCNSL and significant unmet medical need. Here, we present results of 12 relapsed patients with PCNSL who were treated with tisagenlecleucel and followed for a median time of 12.2 months (range, 3.64-23.5). Grade 1 cytokine release syndrome was observed in 7/12 patients (58.3%), low-grade ICANS in 5/12 (41.6%) patients, and only 1 patient experienced grade 3 ICANS. Seven of 12 patients (58.3%) demonstrated response, including a complete response in 6/12 patients (50%). There were no treatment-related deaths. Three patients had ongoing complete remission at data cutoff. Tisagenlecleucel expanded in the peripheral blood and trafficked to the CNS. Exploratory analysis identified T-cell, CAR T, and macrophage gene signatures in cerebrospinal fluid following infusion when compared with baseline. Overall, tisagenlecleucel was well tolerated and resulted in a sustained remission in 3/7 (42.9%) of initial responders. These data suggest that tisagenlecleucel is safe and effective in this highly refractory patient population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02445248.
Automatic classification of nerve discharge rhythms based on sparse auto-encoder and time series feature
Authors: Jiang Zhongting , Wang Dong , Chen Yuehui
Published: February 2022

Background

Nerve discharge is the carrier of information transmission, which can reveal the basic rules of various nerve activities. Recognition of the nerve discharge rhythm is the key to correctly understand the dynamic behavior of the nervous system. The previous methods for the nerve discharge recognition almost depended on the traditional statistical features, and the nonlinear dynamical features of the discharge activity. The artificial extraction and the empirical judgment of the features were required for the recognition. Thus, these methods suffered from subjective factors and were not conducive to the identification of a large number of discharge rhythms.

Results

The ability of automatic feature extraction along with the development of the neural network has been greatly improved. In this paper, an effective discharge rhythm classification model based on sparse auto-encoder was proposed. The sparse auto-encoder was used to construct the feature learning network. The simulated discharge data from the Chay model and its variants were taken as the input of the network, and the fused features, including the network learning features, covariance and approximate entropy of nerve discharge, were classified by Softmax. The results showed that the accuracy of the classification on the testing data was 87.5%, which could provide more accurate classification results. Compared with other methods for the identification of nerve discharge types, this method could extract the characteristics of nerve discharge rhythm automatically without artificial design, and show a higher accuracy.

Conclusions

The sparse auto-encoder, even neural network has not been used to classify the basic nerve discharge from neither biological experiment data nor model simulation data. The automatic classification method of nerve discharge rhythm based on the sparse auto-encoder in this paper reduced the subjectivity and misjudgment of the artificial feature extraction, saved the time for the comparison with the traditional method, and improved the intelligence of the classification of discharge types. It could further help us to recognize and identify the nerve discharge activities in a new way.
Prediction of liquid–liquid phase separating proteins using machine learning
Authors: Chu Xiaoquan , Sun Tanlin , Li Qian , Xu Youjun , Zhang Zhuqing , Lai Luhua , Pei Jianfeng
Published: February 2022

Background

The liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomolecules in cell underpins the formation of membraneless organelles, which are the condensates of protein, nucleic acid, or both, and play critical roles in cellular function. Dysregulation of LLPS is implicated in a number of diseases. Although the LLPS of biomolecules has been investigated intensively in recent years, the knowledge of the prevalence and distribution of phase separation proteins (PSPs) is still lag behind. Development of computational methods to predict PSPs is therefore of great importance for comprehensive understanding of the biological function of LLPS.

Results

Based on the PSPs collected in LLPSDB, we developed a sequence-based prediction tool for LLPS proteins (PSPredictor), which is an attempt at general purpose of PSP prediction that does not depend on specific protein types. Our method combines the componential and sequential information during the protein embedding stage, and, adopts the machine learning algorithm for final predicting. The proposed method achieves a tenfold cross-validation accuracy of 94.71%, and outperforms previously reported PSPs prediction tools. For further applications, we built a user-friendly PSPredictor web server (http://www.pkumdl.cn/PSPredictor), which is accessible for prediction of potential PSPs.

Conclusions

PSPredictor could identifie novel scaffold proteins for stress granules and predict PSPs candidates in the human genome for further study. For further applications, we built a user-friendly PSPredictor web server (http://www.pkumdl.cn/PSPredictor), which provides valuable information for potential PSPs recognition.
Mid- and long-term responses of land snail communities to the intensification of mountain hay meadows management
Authors: Martínez-De León Gerard , Dani Lauriane , Hayoz-Andrey Aline , Humann-Guilleminot Ségolène , Arlettaz Raphaël , Humbert Jean-Yves
Published: February 2022

Background

Species-rich semi-natural grasslands are impacted by the severe land-use changes that are affecting mountain regions, compromising their high biodiversity value. In particular, sprinkler irrigation and increased fertilisation stimulate vegetation growth, modifying and homogenising habitat conditions for ground-dwelling invertebrates. Among them, land snails have been largely understudied despite their commonness and vulnerability to small-scale habitat alteration. This study investigated the mid- and long-term responses of land snail communities to management intensification of montane and subalpine hay meadows. Mid-term effects were studied using a randomised block design experiment, mimicking an intensification gradient with different levels of irrigation and fertilisation applied during 5 years. Long-term effects were examined relying on an observational approach that consisted in comparing snail communities in meadows managed intensively for > 20 years with those from the 5-year experimental module.

Results

We show that management intensification initially boosts snail densities, but erodes species richness by − 35% in intensively-managed meadows in the long term. Contrary to our expectations, drought-tolerant (xerophilous) snails benefitted from grassland intensification, whereas mesophilous species accounted for most species losses due to intensification in the long run, indicating that the latter may be especially sensitive to the hostile microclimate conditions abruptly prevailing in a meadow after mowing. Soil pH was also a principal determinant of land snail occurrence, with almost no specimen recorded in acidic meadows (pH < 5.5), while plant diversity favoured overall snail abundance.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that xerophilous snails appear tolerant to management intensification, we found that several drought-sensitive species are lost in the long term. We conclude that the preservation of species-rich land snail communities in mountain hay meadows requires the conservation and restoration of low-input grasslands on basic soils for preventing further species losses of gastropod fauna.
Genome-wide profiling of long non-coding RNA of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae during infection
Authors: Choi Gobong , Jeon Jongbum , Lee Hyunjun , Zhou Shenxian , Lee Yong-Hwan
Published: February 2022

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in developmental processes and disease development at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels across diverse taxa. However, only few studies have profiled fungal lncRNAs in a genome-wide manner during host infection.

Results

Infection-associated lncRNAs were identified using lncRNA profiling over six stages of host infection (e.g., vegetative growth, pre-penetration, biotrophic, and necrotrophic stages) in the model pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. We identified 2,601 novel lncRNAs, including 1,286 antisense lncRNAs and 980 intergenic lncRNAs. Among the identified lncRNAs, 755 were expressed in a stage-specific manner and 560 were infection-specifically expressed lncRNAs (ISELs). To decipher the potential roles of lncRNAs during infection, we identified 365 protein-coding genes that were associated with 214 ISELs. Analysis of the predicted functions of these associated genes suggested that lncRNAs regulate pathogenesis-related genes, including xylanases and effectors.

Conclusions

The ISELs and their associated genes provide a comprehensive view of lncRNAs during fungal pathogen-plant interactions. This study expands new insights into the role of lncRNAs in the rice blast fungus, as well as other plant pathogenic fungi.
Anti-leishmanial effects of resveratrol and resveratrol nanoemulsion on Leishmania major
Authors: Mousavi Parisa , Rahimi Esboei Bahman , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Fakhar Mahdi , Shahmoradi Zabihollah , Hejazi Seyed Hossein , Hassannia Hadi , Nasrollahi Omran Ayatollah , Hasanpour Hamid
Published: February 2022

Background

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Low efficacy and high cytotoxicity of the current treatment regimens for leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems. In this experimental study, anti-leishmanial effects of different concentrations of resveratrol and resveratrol nano-emulsion (RNE) were assessed.

Methods

RNE was prepared using the probe ultra-sonication method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT technique on the L929 cell line. The anti-leishmanial activities on promastigotes of leishmania were assessed using vital staining and infected BALB/c mice were used to assess the in vivo anti-leishmanial effects.

Results

In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that all concentrations of resveratrol and RNE had valuable inhibitory effects against Leishmania major in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated as 16.23 and 35.71 µg/mL for resveratrol and RNE, respectively. Resveratrol and RNE showed no cytotoxicity against the L929 cell line.

Conclusions

According to the potent in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of RNE at low concentration against L. major, we suggest that it could be a promising anti-leishmanial therapeutic against L. major in the future.
An extremely dangerous case of acute massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report
Authors: Yi Zhiqiang , Chen Cheng , Tuo Biguang , Li Taolang , Liu Xuemei
Published: February 2022

Background

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a severe acute disease of gastroenterology department. Fish bone is the most common food-related foreign body. However, fish bone piercing the esophagus, causing the mediastinal abscess that corroded the left subclavian artery, resulting delayed but high-risk massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding is very rare.

Case presentation

We report a 54-year-old man who was diagnosed with delayed but high-risk massive upper GI bleeding that was the result of a fish bone piercing the esophagus, causing a mediastinal abscess that corroded the left subclavian artery. He was saved effectively by early and timely multidisciplinary collaboration.

Conclusion

A fish bone-caused mediastinal abscess that corrodes the left subclavian artery and induces delayed but high-risk massive upper GI bleeding is very rare. In addition to routine consideration of upper GI bleeding, medical history, endoscopy and CT are helpful for achieving a diagnosis. Importantly, early and timely multidisciplinary collaboration can effectively save critically ill patients.
Frailty and functional dependence in older population: lessons from the FREEDOM Limousin – Nouvelle Aquitaine Cohort Study
Authors: Boyer Sophie , Trimouillas Justine , Cardinaud Noëlle , Gayot Caroline , Laubarie-Mouret Cécile , Dumoitier Nathalie , Rudelle Karen , Druet-Cabanac Michel , Laroche Marie-Laure , Tchalla Achille
Published: February 2022

Background

Monitoring frailty indicators in elderly people is recommended to identify those who could benefit from disability prevention programs. To contribute to the understanding of the development of frailty in the elderly, we have created the FREEDOM-LNA cohort constituting an observational study of ageing in general population. Here, we described the characteristics of a cohort of elderly subjects who are followed for determination of frailty and loss of independence trajectories.

Results

The cohort was composed of 1085 subjects in advanced age (mean: 83.7 ± 6.0 years) and of women in majority (68.3%). Cardiovascular risk factors were present in 88.4% of subjects. Abnormal musculoskeletal signs were reported in 44.0% and neurologic signs in 31.9%. There were 44.8% of subjects at risk of malnutrition (MNA <24) and 73.3% (668/911) at risk of mobility-related disability (SPPB ≤9); 39% (384/973) of subjects had impaired cognitive function (MMSE< 24, adjusted on education) and 49.0% (397/810) had signs of depression (GDS >9); 31.8% (240/753) were frail and 58.3% were pre-frail. Most subjects had at least one disability in ADL (66.9%) and IADL (85.1%). The SMAF indicated a loss of independence in 59.6%. Overall, 59.9% of subjects could not stay at home without at least some help. Consequently, a medical consultation was proposed in 68.2 and 42.1% social supports.

Conclusions

A large part of this cohort was frail or pre-frail and presented signs of loss of independence, which may be explained by multiple factors including impaired health status, poor physical performance, cognition, isolation, depression, or nutrition. This cohort will help to determine factors that adversely influence the trajectory of physical frailty over time.
Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials assessment in congenital scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Wang Yi , Luo Tao , Qi Huaguang , Cai Lin , Yuan Yang , Li Jingfeng
Published: February 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the value of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials (DSEPs) and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in monitoring spinal cord function for patients with congenital scoliosis (CS).

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients (n = 102) who underwent DSEP (T2-S1 dermatome), of whom 60 were normal subjects and 62 with congenital scoliosis. The study analyzed the latencies and peaks of N1-L, N1-R, P1-L and P1-R recorded by DSEPs of patients’ thoracolumbar dermatomes. To observe the incidence of abnormal DSEPs and SSEPs in CS patients and to analyze the difference in sensitivity and reliability between the two in the examination of scoliosis patients. SPSS 22.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data, and χ2 test and correlation analysis were used to indicate that the difference was statistically significant, p < 0.05.

Results

Sixty two patients with CS were evaluated with total spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only 23 patients (37.09%) showed spinal cord malformations in the MRI findings. The DSEP recordings showed a relatively high sensitivity (97.8%) compared to the abnormality rate of SSEPs recordings, and the rates of waveform, latency and amplitude abnormalities were much higher in DSEPs recordings (36.6, 36.3, 24.8%) than in SSEPs recordings (3.2, 22.5, 14.5%). The abnormality rate of DSEP records with and without neurological symptoms was higher than the abnormality rate of SSEP records (100% vs 20, 96.2% vs 44.2%, p<0.05). And in 62 patients with CS, the rate of positive MRI (37.1%) was lower than that recorded by DSEP (79.6% / 57.9%). p < 0.05.

Conclusion

DSEPs are more sensitive to microscopic posterior column dysfunction in patients with CS that cannot be detected by either radiology or routine clinical examination. Preoperative DSEPs assessment is recommended as a baseline examination for intraoperative monitoring and comparison with the postoperative situation. DSEPs recording complements the information obtained from routine clinical and radiological evaluation.
Serotoninergic receptor ligands improve Tamoxifen effectiveness on breast cancer cells
Authors: Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Magli Elisa , Caliendo Giuseppe , Sparaco Rosa , Massarelli Paola , D’Esposito Vittoria , Migliaccio Teresa , Mosca Giusy , Fiorino Ferdinando , Formisano Pietro
Published: February 2022

Background

Serotonin (or 5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signals in mammary gland becomes dysregulated in cancer, also contributing to proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Thus, the discovery of novel compounds targeting serotonin signaling may contribute to tailor new therapeutic strategies usable in combination with endocrine therapies. We have previously synthesized serotoninergic receptor ligands (SER) with high affinity and selectivity towards 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, the main mediators of mitogenic effect of serotonin in breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the effect of 10 SER on viability of MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB231 BC cells and focused on their potential ability to affect Tamoxifen responsiveness in ER+ cells.

Methods

Cell viability has been assessed by sulforhodamine B assay. Cell cycle has been analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene expression of 5-HT receptors and Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) has been checked by RT-PCR; mRNA levels of CTGF and ABC transporters have been further measured by qPCR. Protein levels of 5-HT2C receptors have been analyzed by Western blot. All data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7.

Results

We found that treatment with SER for 72 h reduced viability of BC cells. SER were more effective on MCF7 ER+ cells (IC50 range 10.2 μM - 99.2 μM) compared to SKBR3 (IC50 range 43.3 μM - 260 μM) and MDA-MB231 BC cells (IC50 range 91.3 μM - 306 μM). This was paralleled by accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Next, we provided evidence that two ligands, SER79 and SER68, improved the effectiveness of Tamoxifen treatment in MCF7 cells and modulated the expression of CTGF, without affecting viability of MCF10A non-cancer breast epithelial cells. In a cell model of Tamoxifen resistance, SER68 also restored drug effect independently of CTGF.

Conclusions

These results identified serotoninergic receptor ligands potentially usable in combination with Tamoxifen to improve its effectiveness on ER+ BC patients.
Identifying long-term and imminent suicide predictors in a general population and a clinical sample with machine learning
Authors: Balbuena Lloyd D. , Baetz Marilyn , Sexton Joseph Andrew , Harder Douglas , Feng Cindy Xin , Boctor Kerstina , LaPointe Candace , Letwiniuk Elizabeth , Shamloo Arash , Ishwaran Hemant , John Ann , Brantsæter Anne Lise
Published: February 2022

Background

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to predict suicide deaths but their value for suicide prevention has not been established. Our first objective was to identify risk and protective factors in a general population. Our second objective was to identify factors indicating imminent suicide risk.

Methods

We used survival and ML models to identify lifetime predictors using the Cohort of Norway (n=173,275) and hospital diagnoses in a Saskatoon clinical sample (n=12,614). The mean follow-up times were 17 years and 3 years for the Cohort of Norway and Saskatoon respectively. People in the clinical sample had a longitudinal record of hospital visits grouped in six-month intervals. We developed models in a training set and these models predicted survival probabilities in held-out test data.

Results

In the general population, we found that a higher proportion of low-income residents in a county, mood symptoms, and daily smoking increased the risk of dying from suicide in both genders. In the clinical sample, the only predictors identified were male gender and older age.

Conclusion

Suicide prevention probably requires individual actions with governmental incentives. The prediction of imminent suicide remains highly challenging, but machine learning can identify early prevention targets.
Social support and depressive symptoms: exploring stigma and self-efficacy in a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wang Dong-Fang , Zhou Ya-Nan , Liu Yue-Heng , Hao Yu-Zhu , Zhang Jun-Hong , Liu Tie-Qiao , Ma Yue-Jiao
Published: February 2022

Background

Although some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies explored a similar psychological mechanism among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Hence, this research investigates the mediating effects of stigma and the moderating effects of self-efficacy among the psychological mechanism that social support affects depressive symptoms.

Methods

The study included 1040 Chinese participants with SUDs and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. R software was used to organize and clean up data sets and analyze mediation and moderation effects.

Results

The result showed that stigma partially mediated depressive symptoms, while self-efficacy moderated this relationship. More specifically, less social support increased depression symptoms by bringing about higher stigma. Besides, subjects with higher self-efficacy are less susceptible to stigma and therefore have mild depressive symptoms. Furthermore, clinical and theoretical implications are discussed in our study.

Conclusions

Chinese SUDs patients’ depressive symptoms were indirectly affected by perceived social support via stigma and less affected by stigma with improved self-efficacy. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.