bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Security Policy Protocol for Detection and Prevention of Internet Control Message Protocol Attacks in Software Defined Networks
Authors: Onyema Edeh Michael , Kumar M. Anand , Balasubaramanian Sundaravadivazhagn , Bharany Salil , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Eldin Elsayed Tag , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Owing to the latest advancements in networking devices and functionalities, there is a need to build future intelligent networks that provide intellectualization, activation, and customization. Software-defined networks (SDN) are one of the latest and most trusted technologies that provide a method of network management that provides network virtualization. Although traditional networks still have a strong presence in the industry, software-defined networks have begun to replace them at faster rates. When network technologies emerge at a steady rate, SDN will be implemented at higher rates in the upcoming years in all fields. Although SDN technology removes the complexity of tying control and data plane together over traditional networks, certain aspects such as security, controllability, and economy of network resources are vulnerable. Among these aspects, security is one of the main concerns that are to be viewed seriously as far as the applications of SDN are concerned. This paper presents the most recent security issues SDN environment followed by preventive mechanisms. This study focuses on Internet control message protocol (ICMP) attacks in SDN networks. This study proposes a security policy protocol (SPP) to detect attacks that target devices such as switches and the SDN controller in the SDN networks. The mechanism is based on ICMP attacks, which are the main source of flooding attacks in the SDN networks. The proposed model focuses on two aspects: security policy process verification and client authentication verification. Experimental results shows that the proposed model can effectively defend against flooding attacks in SDN network environments.
Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Functional Non-Dairy Milk and Gender-Based Market Segmentation
Authors: Pienwisetkaew Teerapong , Wongthahan Peerapong , Naruetharadhol Phaninee , Wongsaichia Sasichakorn , Vonganunsuntree Chonnipa , Padthar Siraphat , Nee Santi , He Ping , Ketkaew Chavis
Published: September 2022

The increasing awareness of the benefits of functional non-dairy milk has been growing significantly due to the increasing recognition of the benefits of functional foods. Functional non-dairy milk provides a valuable alternative for lactose-intolerant people with other dietary restrictions preventing them from consuming dairy milk. However, some evidence suggests that not all consumers benefit equally from food. Previous research indicated that women more often purchase foods that are perceived to be healthy, while men are more likely to purchase foods that are perceived to be hedonistic. Thus, this study aimed to examine the significant relationships among factors influencing functional non-dairy milk purchase intention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and to identify behavioral differences between men and women. We conducted a quantitative study using structured questionnaires and with 413 valid respondents that consume functional non-dairy milk in six regions of Thailand. Further, we used a multi-group structural equation modeling approach to explore and compare consumers’ intentions across genders. The results showed that trust and health consciousness positively influence an individual’s perceived behavioral control and then directly affect their attitude and purchase intention of functional non-dairy milk products. Additionally, the multi-group analysis proposed that men and women consumers significantly differ in their requirements for enjoyable experiences while consuming functional non-dairy milk. More specifically, hedonic eating value has a greater impact on men’s attitudes than women’s attitudes. This study deepens our understanding of the functional non-dairy milk industry in Thailand in terms of market segments based on gender.
Nutritional Profile, Phytochemical Compounds, Biological Activities, and Utilisation of Onion Peel for Food Applications: A Review
Authors: Shabir Irtiqa , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Dar Aamir Hussain , Pandiselvam Ravi , Manzoor Sobiya , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shams Rafeeya , Dash Kshirod K. , Fayaz Ufaq , Khan Shafat Ahmad , Jeevarathinam G. , Zhang Yue , Rusu Alexandru Vasile , Trif Monica
Published: September 2022

The majority of the by products formed during onion processing remain unutilized, yet they are rich in bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Onions are a very valuable vegetable. Onion chemical compounds are incredibly diverse, and they work through a variety of pharmacological mechanisms to prevent disease. Although the mechanism of the action of the chemicals found in onions has been studied, there is still room for further reformulating of nutrient supplements and pharmaceutical treatments thanks to a growing interest in sustainable resource utilisation and circular economy. This review focuses on the primary bioactive components found in onion peel and skin, particularly total phenolics, quercetin, total flavonoids, and their derivatives, as well as their therapeutic uses such as cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, and antibacterial constituents. This review article noted that onion peel is a valuable agricultural byproduct that has a variety of biologically active compounds so it can be used as a health-regulating ingredient, particularly in the biomedical and pharmacological domains.
Turbulence Characteristics in the Mixing Layer of a Submerged Cavitating Jet at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Wang Gaowei , Shi Weidong , Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Wang Hongliang
Published: September 2022

In this paper, unsteady and time-averaged turbulence characteristics in a submerged cavitating jet with a high Reynolds number are studied using large eddy simulation. The simulation is validated by comparing the vapor distribution using CFD and a high-speed photography experiment. The results indicate that the currently used numerical method can predict the evolution of the cavitation cloud in the jet accurately. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields of the submerged jet with three different cavitation numbers are studied. Comparing the frequency spectral of jets with different cavitation numbers, it is found that, for a fixed location, the frequency increases with the decrease in the cavitation number. Comparing the vorticity distribution at different streamwise locations, the instability process of the ring-shapes vortexes is revealed. Comparing the shape of the cavitation cloud and the vortexes in the jet finds that their spatial distribution and the temporal evolution are similar, indicating that the dynamic characteristics of the vortex and the cavitation affect each other. For the currently investigated cavitating jets, the Reynolds number increases with the decrease in the cavitation number. However, the spreading rate is lower for the jet with higher Reynolds numbers here. This is means that the momentum exchange between the jet and submerging water is reduced by the cavitation phenomenon.
In Search of Social Resilience? Regeneration Strategies for Polish Cities
Authors: Ciesiółka Przemysław , Maćkiewicz Barbara
Published: September 2022

Following the fall of the socialist regime, Central and Eastern Europe’s cities underwent a systemic transformation that was greatly influenced by internationalization and globalization. Due to their EU membership, these cities could also access structural development funds, which had an important impact on how urban restructuring has proceeded in recent years. In this article, we analyze both the data and the opinions of various actors concerning social resilience aspects in regeneration strategies employed in Polish cities related to the political shock of the systemic transformation and the consequences of this process. Particular emphasis is on linking these policies with the former character and changes in the social and physical and environmental structure of historic districts. The city of Poznań, which is considered a forerunner of regeneration in Poland, was chosen as a case study. Strategies related to improving the condition of buildings and land use have been successfully implemented, although they have sometimes attracted criticism from climate change activists, while those related to improving the living situation of people living in regenerated areas have failed. Urban regeneration resulted in the gentrification and few social benefits were obtained. Regeneration efforts have not achieved possible outcomes in terms of social resilience.
The Outlook for Sustainable Development Goals in Business and Management: A Systematic Literature Review and Keyword Cluster Analysis
Authors: Lee Stacy H. , Zhou Yang
Published: September 2022

Sustainability is imperative for many countries and organizations, thus, in 2015 the UN proposed its 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These concrete goals put pressure on businesses to initiate sustainability practices, depending on the nature and characteristics of the business. By understanding the current state of sustainability and SDG studies in the business and management disciplines, this study aims to anticipate the outlook of SDGs in these fields. Therefore, this study conducted a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) using 237 publications between 2015 and 2021. Based on a keyword analysis, an overview of the trends in SDG studies in business and management emerged in five clusters: technology and innovation, education and human resource management, CSR and firm performance, supply chains and governance, and business strategies. This implies that the business and management disciplines recognize a need to adopt and consider all aspects of sustainability to achieve the UN’s 17 SDGs.
Research on a New Loading Method for Nano TiO2 Photocatalytic Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Shu Jingxiao , Wang Xiaoyang , Yang Bo , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: September 2022

The main goal of our work was to study a new loading method for photocatalytic asphalt pavement that could effectively solve the problems of photocatalytic degradation efficiency and durability. We adhered nano TiO2 particles to the microscopically textured structure on the surface of glass microbeads by cold alkaline corrosion and high-temperature adhesion technology. We observed good adhesion of nano TiO2 on glass microbeads by a microscopic performance characterization of the composites. The improvement in the light transmittance of the composite material improved the catalytic efficiency of nano TiO2 to a certain extent. Three different groups were established to verify the durability of the nano TiO2 loading method. The result shows that the exhaust gas degradation rate of the spray embedding group did not decrease significantly with the increase in road friction time. Our research provides a new idea for the design of exhaust degradation pavement.
Assessing the Productivity and Socioeconomic Feasibility of Cocoyam and Teak Agroforestry for Food Security
Authors: Winara Aji , Fauziyah Eva , Suhartono  , Widiyanto Ary , Sanudin  , Sudomo Aris , Siarudin Mohamad , Hani Aditya , Indrajaya Yonky , Achmad Budiman , Diniyati Dian , Handayani Wuri , Suhaendah Endah , Maharani Dewi , Swestiani Dila , Murniati  , Widyaningsih Tri Sulistyati , Sulistiadi Harry Budi Santoso , Azmi Chotimatul , Rosliani Rini , Dianawati Meksy , Syukur Cheppy , Gartika Dewi , Ruswandi Agus , Nur Yudha Hadian , Diana Muthya
Published: September 2022

Limited agricultural land areas combined with increasing demands for food require breakthroughs in land use development using agroforestry systems. Intercropping root crops with trees could be an alternative for food production in forest areas. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) farming on dry land within 12- and 42-year-old teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) forests to support local food security. The feasibility assessment took into account both productivity and socio-economic aspects. The agroforestry land productivity was measured using the land equivalent ratio (LER), and our analysis of the cocoyam farming within the teak stands was carried out using the revenue/cost ratio (R/C) at the demonstration plot scale. Furthermore, we also surveyed farmers’ perceptions of the production of cocoyam for food security. The results showed that the R/C values of cocoyam tuber production in agroforestry systems were lower than 1. However, the production rates of cocoyam tubers in the 12-year-old teak stand (48.3% light intensity) and the 42-year-old teak stand (62.5% light intensity) were 2.64 and 2.76 tons/ha, respectively. The overall yields from the teak and cocoyam agroforestry systems were more profitable than those of the monoculture system, as indicated by the LER values of 1.61 and 1.85. Cocoyam production was socially acceptable (77% of respondents) as a smallholder subsistence agroforestry practice to meet food demand. Increasing cocoyam productivity in teak forests requires the adoption of agroforestry silvicultural technology to achieve food security for rural communities. To increase their farming production and income, farmers could apply intensive silvicultural practices. Governmental support that could be provided includes encouraging product diversification and providing assistance for the processing and marketing of cocoyam products.
Evaluating the Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Biochar on Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis by the Use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Losacco Daniela , Campanale Claudia , Tumolo Marina , Ancona Valeria , Massarelli Carmine , Uricchio Vito Felice
Published: September 2022

The exponential growth of the human population requires an increasing application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, causing environmental pollution. Biochar (B) amended soil has been suggested as a sustainable agricultural practice to improve crop yield and mitigate agricultural pollutants’ contamination. Evaluating the effect of fertilization on Brassica crops, in combination with spectral analysis, may specify changes in the chemical composition of the vegetable as a result of N fertilization. This study characterized cauliflower tissues treated with N fertilizer and biochar, employing Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The experiment was conducted in cauliflower mesocosms treated with two doses of N fertilizer (130 and 260 kg N ha−1) with or without B. Attenuated total reflectance fractions were used to characterize fractions of curds, leaves, stems, and roots in the infrared using a Fourier transform. Principal component analysis was performed to classify the main differences among cauliflower tissues concerning treatments. FTIR spectra of Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis tissues were related to nitrogen-based agricultural practices. The specific molecules associated with functional groups in cauliflower tissues were phenols, amides, proteins, amines, and glucosinolates. Biochar amended soil resulted in higher peaks that correspond to the stretching of phenols and proteins. The application of sustainable nitrogen fertilizers might influence the absorption bands characteristic of cauliflower’s typical metabolites. The research allows the identification of Brassicaceae’s functional molecules with a potential agronomic application.
Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) Checklists for Off-Site Construction (OSC) Projects
Authors: Jung Seoyoung , Yu Jungho
Published: September 2022

Off-Site Construction (OSC), which has the advantage of improving construction productivity, is being spotlighted as a solution to the limitations of conventional construction production methods. Despite the need for, and various advantages of, the introduction and utilization of OSC, however, several issues remain, such as design errors and reduction in design completeness, due to the lack of experience and expertise of project participants, as well as improper consideration of production environment and technical constraints. To resolve these issues, it is necessary to develop an optimal design plan that conforms to the OSC manufacturing environment and manufacturing efficiency; thus, there have been ongoing efforts in the construction industry to introduce Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), to derive the optimal design plans for OSC projects. Some studies related to the application of DfMA to OSC have been conducted, however they neglected to present a checklist for reviewing the optimality of OSC design plans. This study has therefore developed an OSC–DfMA checklist, to review the optimality of design plans for OSC projects, by listing optimal design goals for OSC projects, the OSC process, and DfMA principles. This study utilized the systematic literature review, structured interview, and content validity analysis methods to develop the OSC–DfMA checklist presented herein. The developed OSC–DfMA checklist will be applicable to reviewing the optimality of the OSC design plans.
Eco-Economic Performance Estimation Method for Pretensioned Spun High-Strength Concrete Pile Installation
Authors: Yi Chang-Yong , Park Jin-Young , Park Chan-Young , Lee Jun-Cheol , Park Young-Jun
Published: September 2022

Pile installation has an environmental impact through its various processes ranging from raw material extraction to construction. In addition, the environmental performance, productivity, and cost of pile installation depend on the construction plan. Therefore, the chain of activities must be considered when analyzing the sustainability of pile installation. A rational construction plan must carefully examine the factors that affect the productivity and sustainability of pile installations. This study presents a method for evaluating eco-economic performance by analyzing the resource utilization and processes of PHC pile installation. First, a process modeling technique, wherein details are broken down to the work task level, based on energy consumption and resource cost, is proposed. Second, a simulation method that calculates the eco-economic performance of the PHC pile process and resources (e.g., equipment) is presented. Third, a quantitative comparison of durations, costs, and emissions resulting from simulation, estimation based on the CSPR (Construction Standard Production Rate) and IUC (Itemized Unit Cost), site contract, and actual construction is presented. The results reveal that the method effectively reflects the prediction of duration, cost, and carbon emissions generated in the real world during the construction planning stage.
The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Human Sustainable Development: Evidence from China
Authors: Song Zhiping , Tong Peishan
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the continuous progress of industrialization and rapid economic development have brought great pressure to the environment. Local governments have strengthened environmental regulation to protect the ecological environment. In order to measure the current status of human sustainable development, which is the ultimate goal of the sustainable development of society, this paper constructs the Human Sustainable Development Index to assess the human sustainable development of each province in China from 2005 to 2017. In addition, this paper empirically analyzes the direct and indirect effects of environmental regulation on human sustainable development. The result shows that China has made great progress in human sustainable development from 2005 to 2017. Although the provincial rankings of human sustainable development have changed little over the years, the inter-regional gap of human sustainable development is narrowing. Environmental regulation not only has a direct impact on human sustainable development, but also has an indirect impact through technology innovation. In addition, the increase in the proportion of tertiary industry can also improve human sustainable development. In the future, the government should take human sustainable development as the center, strengthen environmental regulation, promote technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading.
Beach Litter Assessment: Critical Issues and the Path Forward
Authors: Zielinski Seweryn , Anfuso Giorgio , Botero Camilo M. , Milanes Celene B.
Published: September 2022

Studies analyzing large-scale patterns or long-term trends in the amounts and composition of beach litter are often based on the analysis of several small-scale studies, which may provide an inaccurate picture if the methods and approaches used in those studies are not directly comparable. Moreover, most beach-litter review studies do not evaluate how the results are affected by a number of factors. Therefore, this paper analyzes empirical results from 62 beach-litter (BL) assessment studies published in the last decade (years 2010–2020) in peer-reviewed international journals. Both the results on beach litter (origin, composition, and density) and the utility of those findings to coastal managers are analyzed and discussed. The paper identifies strengths and weaknesses of different research designs, overall compatibility among the results of studies, and identification and means of eliminating those aspects that cause incompatibilities, inconsistencies, and high variability of data that cause low reliability of the results, among other issues. The results indicate that a global picture based on a number of small-scale studies cannot be drawn due to incompatibilities in sampling protocols and presentation of results, data analysis and interpretation, spatial and temporal differences, and the lack of understanding of factors influencing BL. This paper offers a critical view of many aspects of (BL) research in order to bring them to researchers’ attention, at the same time recognizing the importance of previously published studies in making significant advancements in this field. Finally, it is also a call to move from limited data collecting and presentation in peer-reviewed journals to experimental designs, large data analyses, and testing of methods and solutions to the BL issue to advance understanding of beach-litter issues.
Impacts of Power Structure on Introduction of Green Store Brand
Authors: Zhong Junyi , Huo Jiazhen
Published: September 2022

Over the past decades, the store brand has undergone a key change and achieved a remarkable improvement. Based on the industry observations, there is a wide belief that the retailers are more and more inclining to add values that cater to the consumers into their store brands. The green store brand, one kind of the burgeoning store brands, has been introduced by many retailers recently. In this paper, we investigate the conditions for retailer to introduce a green store brand and the impacts of supply chain power structure on the retailer’s product strategy. We built and solved six game models with respect to three supply chain power structures with and without the green store brand. The results show that: (i) the threshold to introduce the green store brand is lowest in RS power structure while highest in VN power structure, and the thresholds to only sell the green store brand under different power structures are the same; (ii) the green store brand may be introduced as a profitable product that has the real sale or just a threatening tool to compel the manufacturer to make a concession in wholesale price; (iii) once the green store brand is introduced, it is always detrimental to the manufacturer regardless of power structure; (iv) the green store brand can alleviate the double marginalization effect with respect to the national brand in most cases but aggravate it if the power structure is RS, and the ratio of potential margin is relatively low.
A Data-Driven Based Method for Pipeline Additional Stress Prediction Subject to Landslide Geohazards
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ling Jiatong , Tang Buyun , Dong Shaohua , Zhang Laibin
Published: September 2022

Pipelines that cross complex geological terrains are inevitably threatened by natural hazards, among which landslide attracts extensive attention when pipelines cross mountainous areas. The landslides are typically associated with ground movements that would induce additional stress on the pipeline. Such stress state of pipelines under landslide interference seriously damage structural integrity of the pipeline. Up to the date, limited research has been done on the combined landslide hazard and pipeline stress state analysis. In this paper, a multi-parameter integrated monitoring system was developed for the pipeline stress-strain state and landslide deformation monitoring. Also, data-driven models for the pipeline additional stress prediction was established. The developed predictive models include individual and ensemble-based machine learning approaches. The implementation procedure of the predictive models integrates the field data measured by the monitoring system, with k-fold cross validation used for the generalization performance evaluation. The obtained results indicate that the XGBoost model has the highest performance in the prediction of the additional stress. Besides, the significance of the input variables is determined through sensitivity analyses by using feature importance criteria. Thus, the integrated monitoring system together with the XGBoost prediction method is beneficial to modeling the additional stress in oil and gas pipelines, which will further contribute to pipeline geohazards monitoring management.
Prediction of Spatial Likelihood of Shallow Landslide Using GIS-Based Machine Learning in Awgu, Southeast/Nigeria
Authors: Nnanwuba Uzodigwe Emmanuel , Qin Shengwu , Adeyeye Oluwafemi Adewole , Cosmas Ndichie Chinemelu , Yao Jingyu , Qiao Shuangshuang , Jingbo Sun , Egwuonwu Ekene Mathew
Published: September 2022

A landslide is a typical geomorphological phenomenon associated with the regular cycles of erosion in tropical climates occurring in hilly and mountainous terrain. Awgu, Southeast Nigeria, has suffered a severe landslide disaster, and no one has studied the landslide susceptibility in the study area using an advanced model. This study evaluated and compared the application of three machine learning algorithms, namely, extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost), Random Forest (RF), and Naïve Bayes (NB), for a landslide susceptibility assessment in Awgu, Southeast Nigeria. A hazard assessment was conducted through a field investigation, remote sensing, and a consultation of past literature reviews, and 56 previous landslide locations were prepared from various data sources. A total of 10 conditioning factors were extracted from various databases and converted into a raster. Before modeling the landslide susceptibility, the information gain ratio (IGR) was used to select and quantitatively describe the predictive ability of the conditioning factors. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to judge the correlation between 10 conditioning factors. In this study, rainfall is the most significant factor with respect to landslide distribution and occurrence. The confusion matrix, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), was used to validate and compare the models. According to the AUROC results, the prediction accuracy for the RF, NB, and XGBOOST models are 0.918, 0.916, and 0.902, respectively. This current study can support the landslide susceptibility assessment of Awgu, Southeast Nigeria, and can provide a reference for other areas with the same conditions.
Halal-Friendly Attributes and Muslims’ Visit Intention: Exploring the Roles of Perceived Value and Destination Trust
Authors: Sodawan Ammarn , Hsu Robert Li-Wei
Published: September 2022

Halal tourism is pushed by the growth of the Muslim population worldwide. This present study aimed to examine the association between constructs of halal-friendly attributes, perceived value, destination trust, and visit intention and investigate the mediation effect of perceived value and destination trust in Muslims’ visit intention. The SOR (stimulus–organism–response) model was employed, and halal-friendly attributes were investigated as a stimulus that impacts Muslims’ perceived value and destination trust (organism) and leads to visit intention (response). These data were gathered from a sample of 307 Muslims. This study examined the proposed conceptual framework via PLS-SEM. The findings of this present study reveal the impact of halal-friendly attributes on perceived value and destination trust and the mediating role of perceived value and destination trust in the relationship between environmental factors (i.e., halal-friendly attributes) and visit intention in a non-Islamic country. This study’s original contribution is that it explores the antecedents of environmental factors by examining the extended S–O–R model in a halal.
The Role of Local Authorities in Shaping Local Food Systems
Authors: Zerbian Tanya , Adams Mags , Dooris Mark , Pool Ursula
Published: September 2022

Given the importance that current food-related challenges pose to our society, the potential of local food initiatives to address sustainability has gained increased attention. Nevertheless, research has increasingly demonstrated that local food initiatives are limited in fulfilling their sustainability potential. This realisation has led many scholars to argue that the path towards food system transformation needs to be based on interconnected networks of these ‘alternative’ practices—what this paper terms local food systems. Nevertheless, as many local food initiatives rely on funding and volunteer work, their capacity to create infrastructures for integrated approaches is limited. In this context, influential players—those who can provide resources, such as local authorities—become key in the assemblage of local food systems. However, there is limited understanding of how the role of local authorities affects the internal dynamics of local food systems and potential outcomes. This study addresses this research gap by analysing two case studies (Preston, England and Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country). Using urban political ecology (UPE) as a theoretical framework, this study offers original insight into the key governance elements affecting the direction of local food systems and thus the alignment of diverse local food initiatives, limiting their sustainability potential.
Environmental Identities and the Sustainable City. The Green Roof Prospect for the Ecological Transition
Authors: Cappello Cheren , Giuffrida Salvatore , Trovato Maria Rosa , Ventura Vittoria
Published: September 2022

This research deals with the issue of the recovery of the historic urban fabric with a view towards ecological transition, nowadays considered the preferable direction of sustainability for the reform of the house–city–landscape system. The massive incentives provided by the Italian government for sustainable building, in view of the post-pandemic economic recovery, risk being reduced to mere support for the real estate sector, which turns the financial transfer from the public into an increase in asset value for the private sector. Such an incentive system could contradict the original function of the city, which is to be the privileged place for social communication and the creation of the identity of settled communities. A process of property development that disregards the distribution of income favors the most valuable property, thus increasing the socioeconomic distance between centrality and marginality. The latter is a condition that often characterizes the parts of the historic city affected by extensive phenomena of physical and functional obsolescence of the built heritage, and it is less capable of attracting public funding. The increase of building decay and social filtering-down accelerates the loss and involution of neighborhood identities; the latter constitutes the psycho-social energy that helps preserve the physical, functional and anthropological integrity of the city, due to the differences that make its parts recognizable. This study, with reference to a neighborhood in the historic city of Syracuse (Italy), proposes a model of analysis, evaluation and planning of interventions on the buildings’ roofs, aimed at defining the best strategy for ecological–environmental regeneration. The model presented allows one to generate a multiplicity of alternative strategies that combine different uses of roofs: from the most sustainable green roofs, but that are less cost-effective from the identity and landscape point of view; to the most efficient photovoltaic roofs from the energy–environmental point of view; and up to the most cost-effective ones, the vertical extensions with an increase in building volume. The proposed tool is an inter-scalar multidimensional valuation model that connects the multiple eco-socio-systemic attitudes of individual buildings to the landscape, identity, energy–environmental and economic overall dimensions of the urban fabric and allows one to define and compare multiple alternative recovery hypotheses, evaluating their potential impacts on the built environment. The model allows the formation of 100 different strategies, which are internally coherent and differently satisfy the above four perspectives, and it provides the preferable ones for each of the five approaches practiced. The best strategy characterizes most green roofs, 427 out of 1075 building units, 277 blue roofs, 121 green–blue roofs and 46 grey roofs.
Structural Analysis of an In-Wheel Motor with Integrated Magnetic Gear Designed for Automotive Applications
Authors: Pop Claudia Violeta , Fodorean Daniel , Popa Dan-Cristian
Published: September 2022

This paper is focused on the structural analysis of a new propulsion system defined by an in-wheel motor with an integrated magnetic gear (IWM-IMG). The IWM-IMG has two levels of torque and speed. First, the state of the art of magnetic gears (MGs) is presented. Next, the proposed structure and the main designing steps are depicted. The advantages of the proposed structure are emphasized, in terms of speed increase operation, knowing that this is achieved without it being necessary to increase the fed frequency via the inverter. Moreover, the electromagnetic characteristics are briefly introduced to prove the suitability of the proposed solution for the considered application. Next, the structural analysis is detailed, where through an analytical, numerical and experimental approach, the study is validated.
The Environmental Impact of Lowering Dietary Crude Protein in Finishing Pig Diets—The Effect on Ammonia, Odour and Slurry Production
Authors: Ball M. Elizabeth E. , Smyth Sam , Beattie Violet E. , McCracken Kelvin J. , McCormack Ursula , Muns Ramon , Gordon Fred J. , Bradford Raymond , Reid L. Alanna , Magowan Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Excess nitrogen excretion, ammonia and odour are environmental pollutants associated with pig production. Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) will lower the amount of nitrogen excreted, reducing the potential for ammonia emissions, if diets are adequately formulated to supply amino acids and production performance is maintained. Crude protein content in diets for finishing pigs has been lowered recently, but the quantitative effect of this reduction on ammonia, odour, and slurry output is not well-established. The relationship between ammonia and odour is equivocal, and the effect on slurry production is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lowering dietary CP on ammonia emission, odour emission and slurry output of finishing pigs. Thirty entire boar pigs were individually housed in groups of six, from 10 weeks of age (30 ± 3.0 kg) and offered standard diets. At 75 kg (±1.5 kg) pigs were assigned to one of three treatment diets; (1) 180 g/kg CP, 11.0 g/kg total lysine (High CP), (2) 150 g/kg CP, 11.1 g/kg total lysine (Medium CP), and (3) 130 g/kg CP, 9.0 g/kg total lysine (Low CP). After three weeks on the experimental diets pigs were moved, six each week, to individual calorimetry chambers to measure ammonia and odour emissions. Pigs were offered treatment diets ad libitum. At the end of the recording period, the pigs were removed from the chamber, weighed and feed disappearance recorded to calculate intake. The slurry in each chamber was collected and analysed. The reduction in CP in the diet from 180 g/kg to 150 g/kg resulted in a 22% reduction in ammonia emissions, and from 180 g/kg to 130 g/kg resulted in a 47% reduction (p < 0.001). Slurry output from pigs offered the 130 g/kg CP diet was reduced by 39% (p < 0.001) and dry matter increased by 35% compared to slurry from pigs offered the 180 g/kg CP diet (p < 0.05). Water usage (p = 0.017), slurry output and nitrogen and phosphate in the slurry (p < 0.05, respectively) were found to decrease linearly with decreasing dietary CP content. There was no significant effect of reducing CP on performance or odour emission but hydrogen sulphide emissions decreased linearly (p < 0.010) with decreasing dietary CP. There was a weak positive relationship between odour emission and ammonia (linear: R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) with odour emission reduced as ammonia emission reduced. Reducing dietary CP in finishing pig diets could reduce ammonia emissions, water usage and slurry and nutrient output from pig production.
Disaster-Causing Mechanism of Hidden Disaster-Causing Factors of Major and Extraordinarily Serious Gas Explosion Accidents in Coal Mine Goafs
Authors: Tian Shuicheng , Mao Junrui , Li Hongxia
Published: September 2022

Hidden disaster-causing factors (HDCFs) in coal mines can be identified via the rerefinement and classification of disaster-causing factors (DCFs) in coal mines. The study of the disaster-causing mechanism of accidents from the perspective of HDCFs in coal mines could be helpful to analyze the accident occurrence process from a new perspective, and new ideas for accident prevention and control could then be proposed. To clarify the disaster-causing mechanism of HDCFs of major and extraordinarily serious gas explosion accidents (MESGEAs) in coal mine goafs, 32 MESGEAs in coal mine goafs in China from 2000 to 2021 were adopted as a data source. By redefining the definition, connotation and characteristics of HDCFs in coal mines, 10 HDCFs were identified. Consequently, an improved decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-interpretive structural model (ISM)-matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to classification (MICMAC) model was used to comprehensively analyze HDCFs in 3 aspects, including the centrality and cause degrees, hierarchical structure, and driving and dependence powers, from a completely objective perspective. The results demonstrated that (1) the considered MESGEAs in coal mine goafs were caused by DCFs in the management aspect by affecting the DCFs in the 3 aspects of human factors, equipment and environment, as well as under the combined effect of DCFs internal interaction contained in itself. (2) There were 2 types of disaster-causing mechanisms of HDCFs of MESGEAs in coal mine goafs: (a) the indirect disaster-causing by HDCFs in the management aspect and (b) the random coupling disaster-causing by HDCFs in human factors, equipment and environment 3 aspects.
Investigating Factors Affecting Behavioral Intention among Gym-Goers to Visit Fitness Centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Integrating Physical Activity Maintenance Theory and Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: Ong Ardvin Kester S. , Prasetyo Yogi Tri , Bagon Godwin M. , Dadulo Christian Hope S. , Hortillosa Nathaniel O. , Mercado Morrissey A. , Chuenyindee Thanatorn , Nadlifatin Reny , Persada Satria Fadil
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the closure of many fitness centers and has significantly affected the behavioral intentions of gym-goers. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the behavioral intentions of gym-goers regarding fitness centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines by utilizing the Physical Activity Maintenance Theory within the framework of Social Cognitive Theory. A total of 1048 gym-goers voluntarily answered an online, self-administered survey comprising 68 questions. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that physical activity maintenance through understanding COVID-19 and self-motivation had the highest significant effect on behavioral intentions. Interestingly, life stress was found to have a significant negative direct effect on physical activity maintenance. The current study is one of the first to have analyzed factors affecting the behavioral intentions of gym-goers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the application of Physical Activity Maintenance Theory and Social Cognitive Theory in this study provided accurate predictors of behavioral intention. As a result, this integrated model could serve as a theoretical foundation that could be applied and extended to assess behavioral intentions among gym-goers during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
Bridging the Gap between Sustainability Disclosure and Firm Performance in Indonesian Firms: The Moderating Effect of the Family Firm
Authors: Zarefar Arumega , Agustia Dian , Soewarno Noorlailie
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the impact of sustainability reporting on firm performance. This paper also examines the moderating effect of family ownership on the relationship between sustainability disclosure and firm performance. The research sample consists of 850 primary and secondary sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange between 2014 and 2020. This study generates its results using a panel model with Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression. This study concludes that sustainability disclosure has a positive impact on the financial performance of market- and accounting-based companies. Additionally, family businesses strengthen the link between sustainability disclosure and firm performance. The findings of this paper provide unique and useful information for company stakeholders and managers seeking to improve sustainability disclosure for optimal performance. In addition, it can be advantageous for the policymaker to establish the policy. This study contributes to the literature by providing comprehensive examination of the relationship between sustainability disclosure and company performance.
Noise Elimination for Coalcutter Vibration Signal Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and an Improved Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xu Jing , Ren Chaofan , Liu Yanxin , Chang Xiaonan
Published: September 2022

The vibration signal of the shearer is one of the important signals for coal and rock cutting mode recognition and fault diagnosis. However, the signal collected in the field contains a large amount of background noise, which is not conducive to subsequent analysis and processing. Therefore, a noise elimination method for coalcutter vibration signal based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and an Improved Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The vibration signal is first decomposed by EEMD to generate a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The HHO algorithm was introduced to determine the optimal denoising threshold of each IMF. In addition, the original HHO has been improved to use the natural constant as the base exponential function to determine the escape energy trend line. Simulation results show that compared with the other four denoising methods, the signal waveform processed by this method is smoother. Under different types of signals and the same intensity of noise, the SNR increases by 70.9%, 6.7%, 2.6%, and 10.53% on average, respectively. The MSE decreases by 67.6%, 12.7%, 4.5%, and 5.42% on average. Under the same type of signal and different intensity of noise environment, the SNR is improved by 74.62%, 37.70%, 5.24%, and 39.72% on average, respectively. MSE decreased by 77.38%, 53.10%, 9.88%, and 54.67% on average. Finally, the method is applied to the shearer working state diagnosis system, and its actual effect is verified.
The Black Hole Universe, Part II
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: September 2022

In part I of this series, we showed that the observed Universe can be modeled as a local Black Hole of fixed mass M≃6×1022M⊙, without Dark Energy: cosmic acceleration is caused by the Black Hole event horizon rS = 2GM. Here, we propose that such Black Hole Universe (together with smaller primordial Black Holes) could form from the hierarchical free-fall collapse of regular matter. We argue that the singularity could be avoided with a Big Bounce explosion, which results from neutron degeneracy pressure (Pauli exclusion principle). This happens at GeV energies, like in core collapse supernova, well before the collapse reaches Planck energies (1019 GeV). If our Universe formed this way, there is no need for Cosmic Inflation or a singular start (the Big Bang). Nucleosynthesis and recombination follow a hot expansion, as in the standard model, but cosmological measurements (which are free parameters in the standard model) could in principle be predicted from first principles. Part or all of the Dark Matter could be made up of primordial compact objects (Black Holes and Neutron Stars), remnants of the collapse and bounce. This can provide a faster start for galaxy formation. We present a simple prediction to explain the observed value of M≃6×1022M⊙ or equivalently ΩΛ (the fraction of the critical energy density observed today in form of Dark Energy) and the coincidence problem Ωm∼ΩΛ.
Perceived Risks toward In-Vehicle Infotainment Data Services on Intelligent Connected Vehicles
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Cai Kexin
Published: September 2022

With the evolution of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and intelligent transportation systems, intelligent connected vehicles (ICV) are becoming the trend in automobile industry worldwide. Assisted by road-side infrastructure and vehicle-mounted sensors, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) data services are gradually growing more popular with drivers and passengers. In particular, IVI data services are not only restricted to internal cabin, but also are being extended to the external environment (e.g., workplace and home). These data categories include personal demographics/bioinformatics, usage habits, travel patterns, real-time location, audio, video, etc., which in turn induce perceived risk concerns around the data privacy and security of occupants. In this paper, we collect answers from 500 valid respondents and then construct a structural equation model to investigate key factors influencing users’ attitudes and behavioral intention (BI) towards IVI data services. Therein, trust is considered to play a vital role in attitude, and is assumed to be affected by perceived security risk (PSR), perceived privacy risk (PPR), and perceived performance risk (PFR). The results show that PSR and PPR have negative effects on user trust. The data breache anxiety positively influences PPR, which explain 75% of variance. In addition, trust can directly affect attitude and BI, which explain 28.6% of variance in attitudes towards IVI data services. Respondents score higher on average for attitude (Mean = 5.762, SD = 0.89) even where perceived risks exist. BI is influenced by the factors of PSR, PFR, trust, and attitude. Through this study, we intend to reveal the relationships among the factors of perceived risk, trust, attitude, and BI towards IVI data services, then provide guidelines for vehicular data governance in order to consolidate user trust for a safer mobility ecosystem.