bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Tax Revenue – Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria; A Vector Autoregressive Approach
Authors: Raphael Apinoko , Kalu I. E. , Nteegah Alwell
Published: February 2022

This study examines the relationship between tax revenue and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1994-2020. We explore the linkages between availability of higher resource revenue and lower taxation effort of other revenue categories and the effects of these on growth. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique was employed in estimating the specified model. Also, descriptive analysis was carried out regarding tax trends and tax efforts in Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of existing tax structures. Furthermore, stationarity test, cointegration and the VECM were adopted forthwith. Empirical results reveal that taxation has a significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. However, the proportion of tax contribution to the growth rate falls short of the optimal level in terms of the volume of economic activities and value of total output. Nigeria also lags other African countries with respect to tax effort and as such has a huge untapped potential for enhanced revenue mobilization. We recommend therefore, that the government should institute an appropriate tax system with an emphasis on broadening the tax base and in some cases, reviewing upwards the tax rates in order to increase the tax effort as well as ensure optimal contribution of taxation towards economic growth and development.
Corporate Governance Mechanism and Financial Risk Management of Health Care Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Nkechi Ofor Theresa , Ogochukwu Nkiru Onyeogubalu
Published: February 2022

The study was carried out to examine the relationship which exists between the corporate governance mechanisms and financial risk management. The study is crucial as it shows the extent to which the corporate governance mechanism ensures effective financial risk management practices. To determine the relation which exists between the corporate governance mechanisms (CGM) and financial risk management, the main proxy variables of the CGMs were used in the study, namely; Board Independence (BI), Board Diligence (BD) and Female Directorship Presence (FDP), while financial risk management was proxy by liquidity risk (LIQR). Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation and OLS model was applied in the data analysis. The study anchored on the Stewardship Theory adopted an Ex Post Facto Approach and data were collected from the annual reports and financial statements of listed health care firms in Nigeria for the period 2016-2020. The empirical analysis of the research shows that there is a significant and positive association between board independence, board diligence, female directorship and financial risk management of listed health care firms in Nigeria at 5% significant level. Thus, the study concludes that corporate governance mechanisms ensure effective risk management practices among the publicly traded healthcare companies in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommended that companies should review the frequency of board meetings. Attention to be paid to the efficiency and not the frequency of board meetings. Also in composition of corporate board, there shall be independent directors and female directorship presence as thus ensures effective financial risk management practices.
Level of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Selected Soft Drinks Commonly Sold in Benin City Markets
Authors: Onuoha T. , Aghanenu A. S. , Adeola M. O.
Published: February 2022

This research studied the levels and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected soft drinks such as sprite and coca-cola commonly sold in Benin City markets. A total of twenty-five organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in these samples were analyzed using with gas chromatography- electron captured detector (ECD). The estimated chronic daily intake (ECDI) of aldrin in soft drinks (sprite) was determined based on European Union (EU) and United States Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) standards, using two population age groups (child and adult). The results revealed the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues among the soft drinks. Aldrin, had a value of 0.100 mg/kg in soft drink (sprite), while coca-cola were below detection limit (0.00±0.00). The study, thus suggest that OCPs concentration in sprite is relatively safe for human consumption. The study therefore calls for continuous monitoring of agricultural farmlands because continuous exposure to pesticide contaminated soft drinks sold in Benin City markets (sprite) could affect the health of consumers.
Glyphosate Caused Detrimental Changes in Enzymatic Antioxidants in Rats
Authors: Prenetha R. , Kavitha S. , Vishnupriya V. , Selvaraj J. , Gayathri R.
Published: February 2022

Background: Glyphosate is the most enormously used broad spectrum herbicide in the world. Current assessment of carcinogenic capability of glyphosate-based herbicides by various regional, national, and international agencies have endangered the controversy. Antioxidant enzymes are often used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Among the biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were essential in conservation of homeostasis of cell to function as normal being.

Aim: To investigate glyphosate induced detrimental changes in the enzymatic antioxidants in experimental rats.

Materials and Methods: Adult male wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Group 1 consists of Normal control rats, Group 2 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight/day. Group 3 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Group 4 consists of Glyphosate treated at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight/day. The experimental period was 16 weeks. All chemicals and reagents used in this study were purchased from sigma chemical company, USA. Adult male albino rats weighing 180-200g were used for the study. Parameters analyzed were assay of Superoxide Dismutase Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test, and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p<0.05 level was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in all the Glyphosate induced rats, and it decreases with increase in dose of Glyphosate.

Conclusion: Glyphosate has induced oxidative stress in experimental animals by decreasing the expression of Enzymatic Antioxidants.
A Comparative Analysis on the Anti-Cholesterol Activities of Allium cepa and Allium sativum
Authors: Raj M. Preethi , Kavitha S. , Vishnupriya V. , Gayathri R. , Selvaraj J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Genus Allium produces compounds of sulfur which is an important component for medical use. Studies have The Allium species and their extracts have the effect on cardiovascular disease risk factor. Both Allium cepa and Allium sativum are used as one of the spices in food preparation. Allium sativum or garlic is employed in the treatment of many diseases like blood pressure, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, heart attack and coronary heart disease. Many biological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic are attributed to the abundance of Allium cepa.

Aim: The study aimed to compare the in vitro anti-cholesterol activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa.

Methods: The phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol activity of both the extracts Allium cepa and Allium sativum were analysed using standard protocols. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using one – way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test to assess the significance of individual variations between the groups. In Duncan’s test, significance was considered at the level of p<0.05.

Results: Phytochemical screening showed that both the plant extracts are rich in phytochemicals like phlobatannin, carbohydrate, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins and steroids and detection of saponin was done. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed the potent antioxidant activity of both the plant extracts. A comparative analysis on the anti-cholesterol activities of Allium cepa and Allium sativum revealed that Allium cepa showed more anti-cholesterol activity compared to Allium sativum.

Conclusion: The study revealed the potent antioxidant and anticholesterol activity of Allium cepa compared to Allium sativum.
Observational Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Igel Supraglottic Airway Device Insertion in Anesthetised Patients by Anesthesia Faculty versus Residents
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Mahanta Dipanjali , Shah Krusha , Mohan Jayalaxmi
Published: February 2022

Aims: Successful airway management is the first priority in a variety of emergency care and hospital scenarios. This study was an attempt to compare and find out how quickly a first-time resident can learn to insert an I-gel and secure the airway versus their trained counterparts, thereby proving the effectiveness of this I-gel innovation in airway patency maintenance.

Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Place & Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India, from August 2021 to December 2021.

Methodology: Two groups of 80 patients belonging to ASA grade I and II, aged between 18 to 65 years, including either gender, posted for elective surgery under GA requiring I-gel Supraglottic Airway device (SAD) insertion, with informed consent. The patients underwent I-gel SAD insertion by Anaesthesia Faculty & Anaesthesia Residents respectively. Baseline vital hemodynamic parameters, the time taken for insertion, number of attempts made and the serial heart rate, arterial pressure, SpO2 and respiratory rate noted at the time of insertion and at one, three- and five-minutes following insertion were noted.

Results: Faculty group outperformed the residents with regards to number of attempts taken and time taken for each attempt, however the numbers in both groups are still comparable with no stark differences.

Conclusions: There’s a very short & easy learning curve for successful i-gel® insertion by novice practitioners as well as paramedical workers, which can be utilized during a variety of emergency care and pre-hospital scenarios with adequate training to ensure adequate airway protection.
No evidence that herpes zoster is associated with increased risk of dementia diagnosis
Authors: Warren‐Gash Charlotte , Williamson Elizabeth , Shiekh Suhail I. , Borjas‐Howard James , Pearce Neil , Breuer Judith M. , Smeeth Liam
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate whether herpes zoster (HZ) was associated with subsequent increased risk of dementia diagnosis.

Methods

We conducted a historical cohort study using primary care electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the United Kingdom. Individuals with incident HZ aged ≥40 years from 2000 to 2017 were matched with up to four individuals without HZ by age, sex, primary care practise and calendar time. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of all‐cause dementia. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical confounders to assess any association between HZ and dementia. We investigated interactions with sex, frailty index and antiviral treatment and conducted various sensitivity analyses.

Results

The cohort comprised 177,144 individuals with HZ and 706,901 matched unexposed individuals (median age 65 years (IQR 55.1–75.0), 40% male) followed for a median duration of 4.6 years (IQR 2.0–8.1). In total, 26,585 (3%) patients had an incident dementia diagnosis recorded and 113,056 patients died (12.8%). HZ was associated with a small reduction in dementia diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.95)), occurring predominantly in frail individuals and females. For patients who were fit (578,115, 65%), no association was seen (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92–1.02). There was no association between HZ and a composite outcome of dementia or death (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02). Dementia risk did not vary by prescription of antiviral agents. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.

Interpretation

HZ was not associated with increased dementia diagnosis in a UK primary care‐based cohort.
Understanding Heterogeneities in Quantum Materials
Authors: Ko Wonhee , Gai Zheng , Puretzky Alexander A. , Liang Liangbo , Berlijn Tom , Hachtel Jordan A. , Xiao Kai , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Yoon Mina , Li An‐Ping
Published: February 2022

Quantum materials are usually heterogeneous, with structural defects, impurities, surfaces, edges, interfaces, and disorder. These heterogeneities are sometimes viewed as liabilities within conventional systems; however, their electronic and magnetic structures often define and affect the quantum phenomena such as coherence, interaction, entanglement, and topological effects in the host system. Therefore, a critical need is to understand the roles of heterogeneities in order to endow materials with new quantum functions for energy and quantum information science applications. In this article, several representative examples are reviewed on the recent progress in connecting the heterogeneities to the quantum behaviors of real materials. Specifically, three intertwined topic areas are assessed: i) Reveal the structural, electronic, magnetic, vibrational, and optical degrees of freedom of heterogeneities. ii) Understand the effect of heterogeneities on the behaviors of quantum states in host material systems. iii) Control heterogeneities for new quantum functions. This progress is achieved by establishing the atomistic‐level structure‐property relationships associated with heterogeneities in quantum materials. The understanding of the interactions between electronic, magnetic, photonic, and vibrational states of heterogeneities enables the design of new quantum materials, including topological matter and quantum light emitters based on heterogenous 2D materials.
A Transformable Amphiphilic and Block Polymer−Dendron Conjugate for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Retention with Cellular Homeostasis Perturbation via Membrane Flow
Authors: Gu Lei , Duan Zhenyu , Chen Xiaoting , Li Xiaoling , Luo Qiang , Bhamra Apanpreet , Pan Dayi , Zhu Hongyan , Tian Xiaohe , Chen Rongjun , Gu Zhongwei , Zhang Hu , Qian Zhiyong , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui
Published: February 2022

Efficient penetration and retention of therapeutic agents in tumor tissues can be realized through rational design of drug delivery systems. Herein, a polymer−dendron conjugate, POEGMA‐b‐p(GFLG‐Dendron‐Ppa) (GFLG‐DP), is presented, which allows a cathepsin‐B‐triggered stealthy‐to‐sticky structural transformation. The compositions and ratios are optimized through dissipative particle dynamics simulations. GFLG‐DP displays tumor‐specific transformation and the consequently released dendron‐Ppa is found to effectively accumulate on the tumor cell membrane. The interaction between the dendron‐Ppa and the tumor cell membrane results in intracellular and intercellular transport via membrane flow, thus achieving efficient deep penetration and prolonged retention of therapeutic agents in the solid tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the interaction of dendron‐Ppa with the endoplasmic reticulum disrupts cell homeostasis, making tumor cells more vulnerable and susceptible to photodynamic therapy. This platform represents a versatile approach to augmenting the tumor therapeutic efficacy of a nanomedicine via manipulation of its interactions with tumor membrane systems.
A One‐Step Fabricated Sheath‐Core Stretchable Fiber Based on Liquid Metal with Superior Electric Conductivity for Wearable Sensors and Heaters
Authors: Yu Xichen , Fan Wei , Liu Yang , Dong Kai , Wang Shujuan , Chen Weichun , Zhang Yao , Lu Linlin , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Yingying
Published: February 2022

Conductors with high conductivity and stretchability are the crucial components of smart wearable electronics. However, most of the reported conductors have disadvantages of single function, high energy consumption, which seriously limit their application in wearable electronics. Here, a kind of stretchable (up to 373%), highly conductive (the same order of magnitude as commercial metal wire), and multifunctional sheath‐core fibers based on liquid metal that can be continuously fabricated in large quantity through a coaxial wet‐spinning process are reported. The simple preparation method of the fibers can realize continuous and mass production (1 m min–1 in the laboratory). When the fibers are used as an electric heater, the temperature can reach 58 °C at 0.6 V and the heating rate is obviously faster than the ambient temperature under infrared light. When the fibers are used as a wearable sensor, the tiny force of 0.001 cN can be detected and objects at less than 40 cm can be detected without contact. The stretchable fibers with high electric conductivity may provide strong supports for the commercialization of wearable electronics and pave the way toward full‐fledged multifunctional wearable sensors.
MSC‐Laden Composite Hydrogels for Inflammation and Angiogenic Regulation for Skin Flap Repair
Authors: Wu Lijun , Tian Kai , Ding Zhaozhao , Zhao Tianlan , Zhang Xiaoyi , Cheng Weinan , Gao Suyue , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L.
Published: February 2022

Pressure‐driven, spreadable, deferoxamine (DFO)‐laden hydrogels are developed toward treatment for improved skin flap tissue repair. Further, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are incorporated into silk nanofiber systems and then added to silk hydrogels to optimize angiogenesis and moderate inflammatory reactions in skin flap tissues for repair. The combined (composite) systems result in improved tissue outcomes. For example, the DFO release from the hydrogels is maintained while the system moderated negative influences of DFO on cells at the skin flap site with improved vasculization and for control of immune reactions. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal improved outcomes with these composite hydrogel systems when MSCs are included. The synergistic action of DFO‐laden silk nanofibers combined with MSC‐laden microgels results in improved functional recovery of skin flaps in vivo when compared to control systems. Considering the ease of use of this system toward clinical applications, these new hydrogels are candidates for skin flap regeneration in surgical settings.
Flexible Neural Network Realized by the Probabilistic SiOx Memristive Synaptic Array for Energy‐Efficient Image Learning
Authors: Choi Sanghyeon , Jang Jingon , Kim Min Seob , Kim Nam Dong , Kwag Jeehyun , Wang Gunuk
Published: February 2022

The human brain's neural networks are sparsely connected via tunable and probabilistic synapses, which may be essential for performing energy‐efficient cognitive and intellectual functions. In this sense, the implementation of a flexible neural network with probabilistic synapses is a first step toward realizing the ultimate energy‐efficient computing framework. Here, inspired by the efficient threshold‐tunable and probabilistic rod‐to‐rod bipolar synapses in the human visual system, a 16 × 16 crossbar array comprising the vertical form of gate‐tunable probabilistic SiOx memristive synaptic barristor utilizing the Si/graphene heterojunction is designed and fabricated. Controllable stochastic switching dynamics in this array are achieved via various input voltage pulse schemes. In particular, the threshold tunability via electrostatic gating enables the efficient in situ alteration of the probabilistic switching activation (PAct) from 0 to 1.0, and can even modulate the degree of the PAct change. A drop‐connected algorithm based on the PAct is constructed and used to successfully classify the shapes of several fashion items. The suggested approach can decrease the learning energy by up to ≈2,116 times relative to that of the conventional all‐to‐all connected network while exhibiting a high recognition accuracy of ≈93 %.
Plasmonic Tunnel Diode and Photodetector based on Layer‐Stacked AuNP‐Nanomembrane/p‐Si Heterojunction
Authors: Xu Chen , Li Chuanping , Jin Yongdong
Published: February 2022

Electronic devices with rectifying effect are typical building blocks for integrated circuits and useful for photodetectors. Herein, a new type of diode based on plasmonic tunnel hetero‐nanostructure is reported. By constructing a planar plasmoelectric junction between p‐Si and Au pad electrode with a few‐layer‐stacked 2D plasmonic AuNP‐nanomembrane as a medium layer, rectifying behavior of the device is achieved, though the direct contact between bulk Au and semiconductor usually tends to form ohmic contact. The electrically driven plasmons enable the 2D AuNP‐nanomembrane to be electron‐rich, while the asymmetric band alignment which causes bidirectionally different barrier at the (buried) interface results in the unidirectional rectifying behavior of the constructed plasmonic diode (p‐diode). The planar junction made of shell‐isolated Au@SiO2 NP‐nanomembrane (instead of AuNP‐nanomembrane) shows still rectifying behaviors but better photoresponse, due to structurally well‐defined/ordered nanostructures and intensified plasmonic tunneling effect of the nanomembrane. The as‐constructed p‐diode‐based photodetector with Au@SiO2 NP‐nanomembrane shows impressive photoresponse with a high photoresponsivity value of 6.496 A W‐1 and a detectivity value of 1.9859 × 1011 Jones under the 268 µW cm‐2 650 nm laser irradiance, comparable to the reported values of similar devices prepared from other 2D materials.
The effect of different sizes of cross‐linked fibers of biodegradable electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds on osteogenic behavior in a rat model in vivo
Authors: Surmenev Roman A. , Ivanov Alexey N. , Saveleva Mariia S. , Kiriiazi Tatiana S. , Fedonnikov Alexander S. , Surmeneva Maria A.
Published: February 2022

A variety of biodegradable polymer scaffolds serving the purpose of mimicking the extracellular matrix have been studied; however, no effective recipe has yet been developed for scaffold pore size and overall percent porosity, which are optimal for cell penetration in vitro and tissue growth in vivo. Thus, this study reports the effect of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fiber size and scaffold porosity on the osteogenic behavior of scaffolds in a rat model in vivo. It was revealed that scaffolds with an average fiber size of 9.2 μm, and 4.05 μm, and combination of 0.6 μm submicrofibres (upper layer) with 9.2 μm microfibres (bottom layer) in hybrid two‐layer scaffolds behave significantly differently with respect to macrophage reactions and tissue regeneration in a rat model in vivo. Poor macrophage response at implantation tests into the bone tissue in vivo reveals the advantages of microfibrous PCL scaffolds with a fiber size of 4.05 μm and hybrid scaffolds with submicro‐ and microfibres for stimulation of reparative osteogenesis over microfibrous scaffolds with a fiber size of 9.2 μm. The combination of submicro‐ and microfibrous layers in hybrid scaffolds provides an opportunity to control the shape and density of bone trabeculae during regeneration processes in vivo.
In situ cross‐linking capability of novel amine‐functionalized graphene with epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Pathak Abhishek K. , Sharma Lekha , Garg Hema , Yokozeki Tomohiro , Dhakate Sanjay R.
Published: February 2022

In situ chemical linkage between nanofillers and polymer is challenging, but it is an effective process for enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites. Herein, novel amine‐functionalized graphene is designed and developed to show the in situ chemical interaction with epoxy matrix. Three different graphene materials, graphene oxide (GO), carboxylic graphene oxide (GOCOOH), and ethylenediamine substituted graphene oxide (GOCONHCH2CH2NH2) is synthesized chemically, and epoxy nanocomposite with different wt% is fabricated. FTIR showed the presence of hydroxyl and amide bond formation, confirmed by 13C‐NMR, where the carboxylic carbon peak of GO at 193 ppm shifted to 184 ppm for GOCONHCH2CH2NH2. Elemental analysis by XPS showed that C: O: N of GO changed from 70:30:0 to 79:13:8 for GOCONHCH2CH2NH2. Three‐point bending studies revealed that maximum flexural strength and modulus for GOCONHCH2CH2NH2 incorporated epoxy polymer composite because of intermolecular chemical bond formation between the epoxy resin and GOCONHCH2CH2NH2. The formation of a chemical bond between GOCONHCH2CH2NH2 and epoxy polymer is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis. The mechanism of forming an in situ chemical bond between amine‐functionalized graphene and the epoxy polymer is derived based on experimental evidence.
Mechanochemical synthesis of multifunctional kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments for coloring and reinforcing of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene
Authors: Wu Lei , Mu Bin , Yang Hao , Wang Xiaowen , Wang Aiqin
Published: February 2022

Clay mineral‐based inorganic pigments have been successfully applied for synchronous coloring and reinforcing requirements of plastic products owing to excellent environmental stability and weather resistance compared with organic dyes. In order to improve the common solid or liquid‐phase preparation process of clay mineral‐based inorganic pigments, kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments were fabricated by a cleaner mechanochemical method followed by annealing process for coloring and reinforcing of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin. Kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments calcined at 500°C presented the optimum chroma (L* = 77.45, a* = −1.88, b* = 81.93, C* = 81.95, and h° = 91.32), and kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments modified with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane exhibited the good coloring properties in ABS matrix due to the improvement of surface/interfacial compatibility between pigments and ABS. Moreover, the tensile strength and bending strength of ABS composites containing 0.5 wt% of the modified kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments increased by 10.2% and 20.2% compared with that of the pure ABS, respectively. In addition, incorporation of kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments also contributed to improving the UV‐aging resistance of ABS. Therefore, the as‐prepared kaolin@BiVO4 hybrid pigments based on the cleaner mechanochemical preparation process can be served as promising multifunctional fillers of polymer matrix due to the synergistic effect between kaolin and BiVO4 pigments.
Discovery of harmalanium halides as anti‐ovarian cancer agents
Authors: Choi Yunha , Ji Sang Hee , Patil Vineet , Kim Eun Hye , Park Hoyeong , Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Pilho
Published: February 2022

Harmala alkaloid (HA) derivatives having 4,9‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indolium core structure were prepared and their anti‐ovarian cancer activities were explored. In the first screening of 14 compounds, dibenzylated 4e and 4f were found to be active against A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. Further preparation of active analogs led to discover 4f1 as active as 4f in three ovarian cancer cell lines including cisplatin‐resistant A2780 and SKOV3. Three compounds in 4f series showed single‐digit micromolar GI50 values against A2780 and cisplatin‐resistant A2780 cells. While the mechanism of action for the active compounds turned out to be involved in caspase‐dependent apoptotic cell death, anti‐ovarian cancer activities could be induced by inhibition of AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT) signaling. This unprecedented scaffold 4 may be optimized further to find out clinically useful compounds for the treatment of ovarian cancers.
High risk of severe child abuse and poly‐victimisation in families with parental substance misuse – results from a swedish school‐based survey
Authors: Jernbro Carolina , Tindberg Ylva , Janson Staffan
Published: February 2022

Child abuse is a widespread public health problem, potentially leading to long‐term consequences for the exposed individuals and society. By learning more about the major risk factors, child abuse can be prevented. The objective of this study was to examine the pattern and severity of maltreatment in adolescents reporting parental alcohol and/or other drug problems. Cross‐sectional data from a Swedish national school survey including 4,741 pupils (15‐ and 17‐year‐olds) conducted in 2016 were analysed using univariate tests (chi‐squared) and binomial logistic regression models. Results showed that parental alcohol or other drug misuse, reported by the adolescents, was significantly associated with all types of child maltreatment. There was a particularly increased risk of severe child abuse, including witnessing recurrent physical intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 11.01; confidence interval (CI) 6.61–18.35) and poly‐victimisation (adj. OR 7.82; CI 5.50–11.13), in families with parental alcohol and/or other drug problems compared to families without these problems. These results call for preventive measures, such as restrictive alcohol and drug policies, and early recognition of alcohol or other drug misuse among parents. In addition, professionals working with children and with substance‐using parents need to identify and support these children.

Key Practitioner Messages

Children and adolescents commonly grow up with parents misusing alcohol and/or other drugs.

Parental alcohol and other drug misuse strongly increases the risk of severe child abuse, particularly witnessing recurrent physical intimate partner violence and poly‐victimisation.

Early recognition and support for families with parental alcohol and other drug misuse is important to prevent child maltreatment.
Atrio‐ventricular block and takotsubo syndrome: A review illustrated with two case reports
Authors: Vavilis Georgios , Y‐Hassan Shams
Published: February 2022

Takotsubo syndrome (TS) can be complicated by life‐threatening arrhythmias. Data on the association of AV‐block, pacemaker implantation, and TS are scarce. We describe two cases of AV‐block associated with TS. AV‐block persisted despite the recovery of left ventricular dysfunction during follow‐up. A review of AV‐block and TS association is provided.
Unusual case of spontaneous bilateral basal ganglia bleed
Authors: Kayastha Jessica , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Gurung Pritam , Shrestha Bishal , Dabadi Sambardhan , Pant Basant
Published: February 2022

Hypertension is the most prevalent determinant condition embarking on the development of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Usually, the presentation is a unilateral hematoma. Spontaneous bilateral intracerebral hemorrhage is an outstandingly infrequent context, and not a lot of cases have been reported till date. Ensuing hypertension, trauma inflicted on the brain case is another common cause that out turn into the sequelae of bilateral intracerebral hemorrhage. Lately, a few cases of bilateral basal ganglia bleed have been revealed, as a repercussion of COVID‐19 infection. Globally, <40 such cases have been reported. A 39‐year‐old man presented with complaints of acute onset of weakness of right half of the body. Additionally, facial deviation was noticed by his family members. He then sought medical help from a local healthcare center where CT scan of head was advised. Unexpectedly, the scan demonstrated bilateral intracerebral hemorrhage. He was then managed conservatively with oral medications and rehabilitation. The course of his hospital stay was uneventful and was eventually discharged after 9 days. He then presented to our institution for further evaluation. Thereupon, he had slurring of speech but was able to walk with minimal support. Simultaneous Bilateral Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage (SBBGH) is an exceptionally rare ailment. This genre of cerebrovascular accident embraces a comprehensive span of morbidity and mortality. In an acute setting, CT scan of head is the most relevant imaging modality. Nonetheless, MRI is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and should be performed urgently to further typify and delineate the lesion.
COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 carrier
Authors: Enomoto Takatoshi , Shiroyama Takayuki , Hirata Haruhiko , Amiya Saori , Adachi Yuichi , Niitsu Takayuki , Noda Yoshimi , Hara Reina , Fukushima Kiyoharu , Suga Yasuhiko , Miyake Kotaro , Koyama Shohei , Iwahori Kota , Nagatomo Izumi , Tokuhira Natsuko , Uchiyama Akinori , Takeda Yoshito , Kumanogoh Atsushi
Published: February 2022

This is the first report of COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carrier. HTLV‐1 infection can cause immune dysfunction even in asymptomatic carriers. This case highlights the need for guidance on management of COVID‐19‐HTLV‐1 coinfection, specifically on the appropriate use of corticosteroid treatment while considering secondary infection.
On the improved generalized linear model‐based monitoring methods for Poisson distributed processes
Authors: Iqbal Anam , Mahmood Tahir , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Chakraborty Niladri
Published: February 2022

Control charts are widely used tool that provides quality inspectors with sensitive information for maintaining manufacturing process productivity. Numerous model‐based techniques have been presented in the literature to monitor industrial operations that focus on the normal response variable. However, non‐normal response results can occur as a result of quality control operations. In such cases, a new approach based on generalized linear model that provides multiple distribution options for response variables is required to achieve better results. Therefore, this study proposes GLM‐based moving average (MA) and double moving average (DMA) schemes formed on standardized residuals derived from a fitted Poisson regression model. The productivity of suggested methods and the existing exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is explored in terms of run length attributes. The simulation outcomes revealed that moving average schemes based on standardized residuals (i.e., SR‐MA and SR‐DMA) outperform their predecessor (i.e., SR‐EWMA). Moreover, the SR‐DMA chart, with small values of span , has proven to be more effective at detecting minor to moderate shifts in the process mean. Finally, a case study of a 3D manufacturing operation is shown to emphasize the importance of the proposed approaches.
Beneficial Arthropods of the Corn Belt and Great Plains
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: February 2022

This article is the first in a three‐part series on beneficial arthropods. It will highlight some beneficial insects that kill crop pests and are largely unnoticed in the Corn Belt and Great Plains. The focus will be on two groups of insects that survive by eating insect pests of crops: predators and parasitoids. Information for this article comes from the University of Illinois, Iowa State University, Kansas State University, Michigan State University, University of Minnesota, Texas A&M University, and Utah State University. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3InrtoP. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Elucidation of impedance frequency characteristics of cast resin transformer and application to partial discharge diagnostic method
Authors: Kakimoto Yasutomo , Kozako Masahiro , Hikita Masayuki , Iida Kazuo , Umemura Tokihiro , Nakamura Yusuke , Nakamae Tetsuo , Maeda Teruhiko , Ozaki Tamon
Published: February 2022

It is desired to establish an insulation diagnosis method for cast resin transformers (CRTrs), which is often used in distribution systems. Partial discharge (PD) detection is considered to be an effective method, but its phenomenon has not yet been clarified. This paper presents investigation on the frequency characteristics of PD generated inside CRTrs to improve PD detection technology. It is clarified that dominant frequency of PD signal detected by a high frequency current transformer (CT) depends on the frequency characteristics of the impedance between the primary and secondary windings. It is suggested that the dominant frequency could be predicted in advance by analysis using a high‐frequency equivalent circuit model of CRTrs. PD diagnostic technology that utilizes the frequency characteristics of the CRTrs impedance has also been proposed. It is found that a PD generated external to CRTrs does not have resonance at the dominant frequency of the CRTrs itself, even though it passes through the CRTrs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the frequency analysis of CRTrs impedance could identify degraded CRTrs and external noise.
Monobehenin and Tribehenin as Modifiers in the Crystallization of Palm Oil and Palm Stearin
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Zenghui , Zhang Qing , Li Hong , Li Xuehong , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2022

In consideration of the higher melting points and beneficial physiological functions of behenic acid, the effects of high purity monobehenin (MB) and tribehenin (BBB) as crystallization modifiers are studied. With the addition of MB and BBB at various concentrations, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction are used to understand the change in the crystallization behavior of palm oil (PO) and palm stearin (PS). The addition of MB or BBB promotes nucleation and leads to an earlier onset of crystallization during cooling. Under isothermal conditions, BBB increases the number of crystals and reduces the crystal size of PO more efficiently than MB. The addition of BBB accelerates the formation of β polymorph in both PO and PS, while the addition of MB retards the β' → β transformation of PS. The underlying mechanisms are proposed. The importance of structural affinity, polymorphic matching, and the degree of under‐cooling are elucidated.

Practical applications: Behenic acid‐containing glycerides as seed crystals have potential applicability in the development of healthier fats with tailored functionalities. This research is helpful to elucidate the effects of polymorphic matching, structural affinity, and the degree of under‐cooling on engineering the crystallization of functional fats.
Detection of microscopic glaucoma through fundus images using deep transfer learning approach
Authors: Akbar Shahzad , Hassan Syed Ale , Shoukat Ayesha , Alyami Jaber , Bahaj Saeed Ali
Published: February 2022

Glaucoma disease in humans can lead to blindness if it progresses to the point where it affects the oculus' optic nerve head. It is not easily detected since there are no symptoms, but it can be detected using tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, and perimeter. However, advances in artificial intelligence approaches have permitted machine learning techniques to diagnose at an early stage. Numerous methods have been proposed using Machine Learning to diagnose glaucoma with different data sets and techniques but these are complex methods. Although, medical imaging instruments are used as glaucoma screening methods, fundus imaging specifically is the most used screening technique for glaucoma detection. This study presents a novel DenseNet and DarkNet combination to classify normal and glaucoma affected fundus image. These frameworks have been trained and tested on three data sets of high‐resolution fundus (HRF), RIM 1, and ACRIMA. A total of 658 images have been used for healthy eyes and 612 images for glaucoma‐affected eyes classification. It has also been observed that the fusion of DenseNet and DarkNet outperforms the two CNN networks and achieved 99.7% accuracy, 98.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity for the HRF database. In contrast, for the RIM1 database, 89.3% accuracy, 93.3% sensitivity, 88.46% specificity has been attained. Moreover, for the ACRIMA database, 99% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity has been achieved. Therefore, the proposed method is robust and efficient with less computational time and complexity compared to the literature available.
Discrepant serological findings in SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐negative hospitalized patients with fever and acute respiratory symptoms during the pandemic
Authors: Cross Gail B. , Naftalin Claire M. , Ngiam Jinghao N. , Bagdasarian Natasha , Poh Chek M. , Goh Yun S. , Chia Wan N. , Amrun Siti N. , Tham Sai M. , Teng Hazel , Alagha Rawan , Kumar Shoban K. , Tan Shaun S. Y. , Wang Lin F. , Tambyah Paul A. , Renia Laurent , Fisher Dale , Ng Lisa F. P.
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) serology has an evolving role in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, its use in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms remains unclear. Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness admitted to an isolation ward were recruited. All patients had negative nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2. Serological studies using four separate assays (cPass: surrogate neutralizing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]; Elecsys: N‐antigen based chemiluminescent assay; SFB: S protein flow‐based; epitope peptide‐based ELISA) were performed on stored plasma collected from patients during the initial hospital stay, and a convalescent visit 4–12 weeks later. Of the 51 patients studied (aged 54, interquartile range 21–84; 62.7% male), no patients tested positive on the Elecsys or cPass assays. Out of 51 patients, 5 had antibodies detected on B‐cell Epitope Assay and 3/51 had antibodies detected on SFB assay. These 8 patients with positive serological test to COVID‐19 were more likely to have a high‐risk occupation (p = 0.039), bacterial infection (p = 0.028), and neutrophilia (p = 0.013) during their initial hospital admission. Discrepant COVID‐19 serological findings were observed among those with recent hospital admissions and bacterial infections. The positive serological findings within our cohort raise important questions about the interpretation of sero‐epidemiology during the current pandemic.
LDPE/M‐TiO2 composite films for modified atmosphere packaging to realize comprehensive preservation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Zhang Wenshuo , Liu Xiaojie , Qiu Shibo , Chen Lin , Liu Xinghai
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

A shelf‐life that is too short is the main problem with strawberries. Nano‐TiO2 can catalyze and oxidize ethylene under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation to eliminate its ripening effect on fruits and prolong the freshness period.

RESULTS

In this work, nano‐TiO2 modified by methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH570) was blended with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) to prepare modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and the influence of TiO2 content on films was analyzed before and after UV treatment. The results show that the modified nano‐TiO2 (M‐TiO2) can be uniformly distributed in LDPE, improving its mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, oxygen barrier and UV shielding properties. A modified atmosphere with low ethylene, low O2 and high CO2 can be created to inhibit the ripening and spoilage of strawberries. The weight loss rate of fruit can be effectively reduced. The tendency of fruit firmness decline and nutrient loss can be slowed and stabilized, contributing to controllable shelf‐life. Excellent freshness preservation function can be realized without special UV treatment.

CONCLUSION

Since UV treatment is rare in actual storage and transportation, LDPE/M‐TiO2 composite film has practical value as MAP for strawberry and similar non‐climacteric fruits. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban destination: The impact of travel information sources
Authors: Martins Márcio Ribeiro , da Costa Rui Augusto , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: February 2022

This research aims to identify the information sources used by backpackers before and during the visit to an urban destination and its influence on the movements performed. It uses a questionnaire survey combined with a GPS app to track the movements of backpackers to identify backpackers' spatiotemporal behavior. A bivariate analysis using non‐parametric tests was used to examine the relationships between variables. This study concludes that the consulting online information before the visit has a great deal of influence on the spatiotemporal behavior of the backpackers, namely on the linearity and intensity of the visit. If online information sources are very important due to the intense use of information by backpackers, word of mouth from other travelers should not be disregarded as an important information source. This research can contribute to the definition of more informed and differentiating tourism marketing strategy considering the information sources used and its influence on the movements performed during the visit.
Histories of pervasive gender‐based violence in asylum‐seeking women who have undergone female genital mutilation or cutting
Authors: Lever Hazel , Baranowski Kim A. , Ottenheimer Deborah , Atkinson Holly G. , Singer Elizabeth K.
Published: February 2022

Few studies have described the broader experience of survivors of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) who have sought asylum in the United States. To gain a better understanding of their exposure to gender‐based violence (GBV), the study was conducted to help uncover themes and patterns of co‐occurring individual and community factors among women asylum seekers who experienced FGM/C before they arrived in the United States. Following a retrospective chart review of FGM/C cases seen in a human rights clinic, 35 women met the inclusion criteria. The constant comparative method (CCM) was used to develop themes derived from clients’ personal declarations and physicians’ affidavits. A qualitative analysis revealed extensive histories of violence—physical, psychological, and sexual—demonstrating that FGM/C is only part of a larger arc of violence. Key themes developed via CCM include the experience of FGM/C, cultural attitudes toward FGM/C, cultural attitudes toward women, the lack of agency felt by women, silence around experiences of GBV and the constant reinforcement of that silence, the role of education in women's lives, and acts of resistance and social support. Placing FGM/C within its cultural context allows for a better understanding of its role in society's broader subjugation of women and elucidates how these social structures are maintained. For health care and other service providers, the high frequency of multiple forms of violence and the ingrained nature of women's oppression indicate the need for trauma‐informed care and services as well as accessible resources beyond those explicitly related to FGM/C.
Soft Hydrogel Environments that Facilitate Cell Spreading and Aggregation Preferentially Support Chondrogenesis of Adult Stem Cells
Authors: Aprile Paola , Whelan Ian T. , Sathy Binulal N. , Carroll Simon F. , Kelly Daniel J.
Published: February 2022

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell type for treating damaged synovial joints. The therapeutic potential of MSCs will be facilitated by the engineering of biomaterial environments capable of directing their fate. Here the interplay between matrix elasticity and cell morphology in regulating the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs when seeded onto or encapsulated within hydrogels made of interpenetrating networks (IPN) of alginate and collagen type I is explored. This IPN system enables the independent control of substrate stiffness (in 2D and in 3D) and cell morphology (3D only). The expression of chondrogenic markers SOX9, ACAN, and COL2 increases when MSCs are cultured onto the soft substrate, which correlates with increased SMAD2/3 nuclear localization, enhanced MSCs condensation, and the formation of larger cellular aggregates. The encapsulation of spread MSCs within a soft IPN increases the expression of cartilage‐specific genes, which is linked to cellular condensation and nuclear SMAD2/3 localization. Surprisingly, cells forced to adopt a more rounded morphology within the same soft IPNs expressed higher levels of the osteogenic markers RUNX2 and COL1. The insight provided by this study suggests that a mechanobiology informed approach to biomaterial development will be integral to the development of successful cartilage tissue engineering strategies.