bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Unique Sinusoidal Frequency for the Effective Magnetic Treatment of Brackish Water
Authors: Dehghan Tayebeh , Falamaki Cavus
Published: August 2017

Magnetic treatment of aqueous solutions containing dissolved CaCO3 is known to affect its precipitation exerted by heating or raising the pH of the solution. In this work, experiments have been performed on two kinds of water: (a) a simulated water containing only CaCO3 as dissolved salt and (b) a real brackish water sample of high total hardness from an industrial area containing a wide range of impurity salts. It has been discovered for the first time that using a sinusoidal magnetic field, treatment at a frequency of ca. 150 kHz (for a range of 0–1000 kHz) results in the maximum calcite precipitation independent of the initial water composition. The discovered phenomenon could be explained based on the resonance taking place due to the synchronization of the induced magnetic field with the proton exchange rate of water molecules.
Male and Female Mice Lacking Neuroligin-3 Modify the Behavior of Their Wild-Type Littermates
Authors: Kalbassi Shireene , Bachmann Sven O. , Cross Ellen , Roberton Victoria H. , Baudouin Stéphane J.
Published: August 2017

In most mammals, including humans, the postnatal acquisition of normal social and nonsocial behavior critically depends on interactions with peers. Here we explore the possibility that mixed-group housing of mice carrying a deletion ofNlgn3, a gene associated with autism spectrum disorders, and their wild-type littermates induces changes in each other’s behavior. We have found that, when raised together, maleNlgn3knockout mice and their wild-type littermates displayed deficits in sociability. Moreover, social submission in adult maleNlgn3knockout mice correlated with an increase in their anxiety. Re-expression ofNlgn3in parvalbumin-expressing cells in transgenic animals rescued their social behavior and alleviated the phenotype of their wild-type littermates, further indicating that the social behavior ofNlgn3knockout mice has a direct and measurable impact on wild-type animals’ behavior. Finally, we showed that, unlike male mice, female mice lackingNlgn3were insensitive to their peers’ behavior but modified the social behavior of their littermates. Altogether, our findings show that the environment is a critical factor in the development of behavioral phenotypes in transgenic and wild-type mice. In addition, these results reveal that the social environment has a sexually dimorphic effect on the behavior of mice lackingNlgn3, being more influential in males than females.
Heterogeneity in Kv2 Channel Expression Shapes Action Potential Characteristics and Firing Patterns in CA1 versus CA2 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Palacio Stephanie , Chevaleyre Vivien , Brann David H. , Murray Karl D. , Piskorowski Rebecca A. , Trimmer James S.
Published: August 2017

The CA1 region of the hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial and contextual memory, and has well-established circuitry, function and plasticity. In contrast, the properties of the flanking CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs), important for social memory, and lacking CA1-like plasticity, remain relatively understudied. In particular, little is known regarding the expression of voltage-gated K+(Kv) channels and the contribution of these channels to the distinct properties of intrinsic excitability, action potential (AP) waveform, firing patterns and neurotransmission between CA1 and CA2 PNs. In the present study, we used multiplex fluorescence immunolabeling of mouse brain sections, and whole-cell recordings in acute mouse brain slices, to define the role of heterogeneous expression of Kv2 family Kv channels in CA1 versus CA2 pyramidal cell excitability. Our results show that the somatodendritic delayed rectifier Kv channel subunits Kv2.1, Kv2.2, and their auxiliary subunit AMIGO-1 have region-specific differences in expression in PNs, with the highest expression levels in CA1, a sharp decrease at the CA1-CA2 boundary, and significantly reduced levels in CA2 neurons. PNs in CA1 exhibit a robust contribution of Guangxitoxin-1E-sensitive Kv2-based delayed rectifier current to AP shape and after-hyperpolarization potential (AHP) relative to that seen in CA2 PNs. Our results indicate that robust Kv2 channel expression confers a distinct pattern of intrinsic excitability to CA1 PNs, potentially contributing to their different roles in hippocampal network function.
Synergistic Toxicity of Polyglutamine-Expanded TATA-Binding Protein in Glia and Neuronal Cells: Therapeutic Implications for Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Su , Guo Jifeng , Cui Yiting , Tang Beisha , Li Xiao-Jiang , Li Shihua
Published: August 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and is among a family of neurodegenerative diseases in which polyQ expansion leads to preferential neuronal loss in the brain. Although previous studies have demonstrated that expression of polyQ-expanded proteins in glial cells can cause neuronal injury via noncell-autonomous mechanisms, these studies investigated animal models that overexpress transgenic mutant proteins. Since glial cells are particularly reactive to overexpressed mutant proteins, it is important to investigate thein vivorole of glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration when mutant polyQ proteins are endogenously expressed. In the current study, we generated two conditional TBP-105Q knock-in mouse models that specifically express mutant TBP at the endogenous level in neurons or in astrocytes. We found that mutant TBP expression in neuronal cells or astrocytes alone only caused mild neurodegeneration, whereas severe neuronal toxicity requires the expression of mutant TBP in both neuronal and glial cells. Coculture of neurons and astrocytes further validated that mutant TBP in astrocytes promoted neuronal injury. We identified activated inflammatory signaling pathways in mutant TBP-expressing astrocytes, and blocking nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling in astrocytes ameliorated neurodegeneration. Our results indicate that the synergistic toxicity of mutant TBP in neuronal and glial cells plays a critical role in SCA17 pathogenesis and that targeting glial inflammation could be a potential therapeutic approach for SCA17 treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutant TBP with polyglutamine expansion preferentially affects neuronal viability in SCA17 patients. Whether glia, the cells that support and protect neurons, contribute to neurodegeneration in SCA17 remains mostly unexplored. In this study, we provide bothin vivoandin vitroevidence arguing that endogenous expression of mutant TBP in neurons and glia synergistically impacts neuronal survival. Hyperactivated inflammatory signaling pathways, particularly the NF-κB pathway, underlie glia-mediated neurotoxicity. Moreover, blocking NF-κB activity with small chemical inhibitors alleviated such neurotoxicity. Our study establishes glial dysfunction as an important component of SCA17 pathogenesis and suggests targeting glial inflammation as a potential therapeutic approach for SCA17 treatment.
How Auditory Experience Differentially Influences the Function of Left and Right Superior Temporal Cortices
Authors: Twomey Tae , Waters Dafydd , Price Cathy J. , Evans Samuel , MacSweeney Mairéad
Published: August 2017

To investigate how hearing status, sign language experience, and task demands influence functional responses in the human superior temporal cortices (STC) we collected fMRI data from deaf and hearing participants (male and female), who either acquired sign language early or late in life. Our stimuli in all tasks were pictures of objects. We varied the linguistic and visuospatial processing demands in three different tasks that involved decisions about (1) the sublexical (phonological) structure of the British Sign Language (BSL) signs for the objects, (2) the semantic category of the objects, and (3) the physical features of the objects.

Neuroimaging data revealed that in participants who were deaf from birth, STC showed increased activation during visual processing tasks. Importantly, this differed across hemispheres. Right STC was consistently activated regardless of the task whereas left STC was sensitive to task demands. Significant activation was detected in the left STC only for the BSL phonological task. This task, we argue, placed greater demands on visuospatial processing than the other two tasks. In hearing signers, enhanced activation was absent in both left and right STC during all three tasks. Lateralization analyses demonstrated that the effect of deafness was more task-dependent in the left than the right STC whereas it was more task-independent in the right than the left STC. These findings indicate how the absence of auditory input from birth leads to dissociable and altered functions of left and right STC in deaf participants.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThose born deaf can offer unique insights into neuroplasticity, in particular in regions of superior temporal cortex (STC) that primarily respond to auditory input in hearing people. Here we demonstrate that in those deaf from birth the left and the right STC have altered and dissociable functions. The right STC was activated regardless of demands on visual processing. In contrast, the left STC was sensitive to the demands of visuospatial processing. Furthermore, hearing signers, with the same sign language experience as the deaf participants, did not activate the STCs. Our data advance current understanding of neural plasticity by determining the differential effects that hearing status and task demands can have on left and right STC function.
Individual Movement Variability Magnitudes Are Explained by Cortical Neural Variability
Authors: Haar Shlomi , Donchin Opher , Dinstein Ilan
Published: August 2017

Humans exhibit considerable motor variability even across trivial reaching movements. This variability can be separated into specific kinematic components such as extent and direction that are thought to be governed by distinct neural processes. Here, we report that individual subjects (males and females) exhibit different magnitudes of kinematic variability, which are consistent (within individual) across movements to different targets and regardless of which arm (right or left) was used to perform the movements. Simultaneous fMRI recordings revealed that the same subjects also exhibited different magnitudes of fMRI variability across movements in a variety of motor system areas. These fMRI variability magnitudes were also consistent across movements to different targets when performed with either arm. Cortical fMRI variability in the posterior–parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement–extent variability. This relationship was apparent only in posterior-parietal cortex and not in other motor system areas, thereby suggesting that individuals with more variable movement preparation exhibit larger kinematic variability. We therefore propose that neural and kinematic variability are reliable and interrelated individual characteristics that may predispose individual subjects to exhibit distinct motor capabilities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity and movement kinematics are remarkably variable. Although intertrial variability is rarely studied, here, we demonstrate that individual human subjects exhibit distinct magnitudes of neural and kinematic variability that are reproducible across movements to different targets and when performing these movements with either arm. Furthermore, when examining the relationship between cortical variability and movement variability, we find that cortical fMRI variability in parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement extent variability. This enabled us to explain why some subjects performed more variable movements than others based on their cortical variability magnitudes.
Disruption of M1 Activity during Performance Plateau Impairs Consolidation of Motor Memories
Authors: Hamel Raphaël , Trempe Maxime , Bernier Pierre-Michel
Published: August 2017

Upon exposure to a new sensorimotor relationship, motor behaviors iteratively change early in adaptation but eventually stabilize as adaptation proceeds. Behavioral work suggests that motor memory consolidation is initiated upon the attainment of asymptotic levels of performance. Separate lines of evidence point to a critical role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in consolidation. However, a causal relationship between M1 activity during asymptote and consolidation has yet to be demonstrated. The present study investigated this issue in male and female participants using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to interfere with postmovement activity in M1 in two behavioral phases of a ramp-and-hold visuomotor adaptation paradigm. TMS was either provided after each trial of the ramp phase of adaptation when a gradual increase in the visuomotor rotation caused movements to be changing, or after each trial of the hold phase of adaptation when the rotation was held constant and movements tended to stabilize. Consolidation was assessed by measuring performance on the same task 24 h later. Results revealed that TMS did not influence adaptation to the new visuomotor relationship in either condition. Critically, however, TMS disruption of M1 activity selectively impaired consolidation of motor memories when it was provided during the hold phase of adaptation. This effect did not take place when TMS was delivered over adjacent dorsal premotor cortex or when motor behaviors in late adaptation were prevented from plateauing. Together, these data suggest that the impaired consolidation stemmed from interference with mechanisms of repetition-dependent plasticity in M1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present work demonstrates that TMS disruption of M1 activity impairs the consolidation of motor memories selectively when performance reaches asymptotic levels during sensorimotor adaptation. These findings provide evidence for a causal contribution of M1 to motor memory formation when movements tend to repeat, likely through mechanisms of repetition-dependent plasticity.
Delayed risk stratification system in pT1aN0/Nx DTC patients treated without radioactive iodine
Authors: Gąsior-Perczak Danuta , Pałyga Iwona , Szymonek Monika , Kowalik Artur , Walczyk Agnieszka , Kopczyński Janusz , Lizis-Kolus Katarzyna , Słuszniak Anna , Słuszniak Janusz , Łopatyński Tomasz , Mężyk Ryszard , Góźdź Stanisław , Kowalska Aldona
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Delayed risk stratification (DRS) system by Momesso and coworkers was accepted by the American Thyroid Association as a diagnostic tool for the risk stratification of unfavorable clinical outcomes and to monitor the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated without radioactive iodine (RAI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the DRS system in patients with pT1aN0/Nx stage.

Methods

The study included 304 low-risk patients after thyroidectomy (n = 202) or lobectomy (n = 102) without RAI and were treated at a single center. The median age was 50.5 years, 91.1% were women and the median follow-up was 4 years. DRS of the treatment response was performed based on medical records and according to the criteria of Momesso and coworkers. Disease course (recurrence, death) and status (remission, persistent disease) on December 31, 2016 were evaluated. The relationship between unfavorable outcomes and the DRS system was evaluated.

Results

Response to initial therapy was excellent in 272 patients (89.5%), indeterminate in 31 (10.2%) and biochemical incomplete (increased TgAb levels) in one (0.3%). Two patients in the excellent response group experienced recurrence at 6 and 7 years of follow-up (after lobectomy). None of the patients with indeterminate and biochemical incomplete response developed structural disease, and none of the patients died during the follow-up.

Conclusions

The DRS system was not useful for predicting the risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes and cannot be used to personalize the monitoring method of the disease in patients at pT1aN0/Nx stage who are not treated with RAI.
Dynamic risk stratification in the follow-up of thyroid cancer: what is still to be discovered in 2017?
Authors: Krajewska Jolanta , Chmielik Ewa , Jarząb Barbara
Published: August 2017

The adequate risk stratification in thyroid carcinoma is crucial to avoid on one hand the overtreatment of low-risk and on the other hand the undertreatment of high-risk patients. The question how to properly assess the risk of relapse has been discussed during recent years and resulted in a substantial change in our approach to risk stratification in differentiated thyroid cancer, proposed by the newest ATA guidelines. First initial risk stratification, based on histopathological data is carried out just after primary surgery. It should be emphasized, that a high quality of histopathological report is crucial for proper risk stratification. Next, during the follow-up, patients are restratified considering their response to treatment applied and classified to one of the following categories: excellent response, biochemical incomplete response, structural incomplete or indeterminate response. This new approach is called dynamic risk stratification as, in contrary to the previous rigid evaluation performed at diagnosis, reflects a real-time prognosis and thereby substantially influences and personalizes disease management. In this review, we raise some unresolved questions, among them the lack of prospective studies, fulfilling evidence-based criteria, necessary to validate this model of risk stratification. We also provided some data concerning the use of dynamic risk stratification in medullary thyroid cancer, not yet reflected in ATA guidelines. In conclusion, dynamic risk stratification allows for better prediction of the risk of recurrence in thyroid carcinoma, what has been demonstrated in numerous retrospective analyses. However, the validation of this approach in prospective studies seems to be our task for near future.
Retos de la educación: una mirada focal al papel de las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Mora Prado María José
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo tiene como fin denotar las principales implicaciones del papel de las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito educativo. Se abordará desde un marco general el análisis de dicho concepto, así como la intervención de estas en la educación, las exigencias que implica su incorporación, tanto para el personal docente como para el estudiantado, en qué medida se fortalece el currículo, cómo identificar los límites del uso de estas herramientas, así como evidenciar qué población es la que puede acceder a estos medios tecnológicos.
Reliability characteristics of bivariate Rayleigh distribution and concomitants of its order statistics and record values
Authors: Tahmasebi Saeid , Jafari Ali Akbar , Ahsanullah Mohammad
Published: August 2017

The Rayleigh distribution is an important model in applications such as noise theory, height of the sea waves and wave length. In this paper, we first study the reliability characteristics of Morgenstern type bivariate Rayleigh distribution (MTBRD). Then, we investigate some properties on concomitants of order statistics and record values in MTBRD. Finally, we propose the best linear unbiased estimator for a parameter of MTBRD using both complete and censored samples based on concomitants of order statistics.
Logarithmic scaling of planar random walk’s local times
Authors: Nándori Péter , Shen Zeyu
Published: August 2017

We prove that the local time process of a planar simple random walk, when time is scaled logarithmically, converges to a non-degenerate pure jump process. The convergence takes place in the Skorokhod space with respect to the M1 topology and fails to hold in the J1 topology.
On the construction of a joint distribution given two discrete conditionals
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: August 2017

Consider a two-dimensional discrete random variable (X, Y) with possible values 1, 2, . . . , I for X and 1, 2, . . . , J for Y. For specifying the distribution of (X, Y), suppose both conditional distributions of X given Y and Y given X are specified. In this paper, we address the problem of determining whether a given set of constraints involving marginal and conditional probabilities and expectations of functions are compatible or most nearly compatible. To this end, we incorporate all those information with the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence and power divergence statistics to obtain the most nearly compatible probability distribution when the two conditionals are not compatible, under the discrete set up. Finally, a comparative study is carried out between the K-L divergence and power divergence statistics for some illustrative examples.
Riesz fractional derivatives of solutions of differential equation y(4) + xy = 0
Authors: Ansari Alireza
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we get integral representations for the quintic Airy functions as the four linearly independent solutions of differential equation y(4) + xy = 0. Also, new integral representations for the products of these functions are obtained in terms of the Bessel functions and the Riesz fractional derivatives of these products are given.
Bounds having Riemann type quantum integrals via strongly convex functions
Authors: Noor Muhammad Aslam , Cristescu Gabriela , Awan Muhammad Uzair
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to obtain some new bounds having Riemann type quantum integrals within the class of strongly convex functions. The results obtained are sharp on limit q → 1. These new results reduce to Tariboon-Ntouyas, Merentes-Nikodem and other previously known results when q → 1, where 0 < q < 1. The sharpness of the results of Tariboon-Ntouyas and Merentes-Nikodem is proved as a consequence.
Fibroblasts: the unknown sentinels eliciting immune responses against microorganisms
Authors: Bautista-Hernández Luis Antonio , Gómez-Olivares José Luis , Buentello-Volante Beatriz , Bautista-de Lucio Victor Manuel
Published: August 2017

Fibroblasts are present in all tissues but predominantly in connective tissues. Some of their functions include contractility, locomotion, collagen and elastin fiber production, and the regulation and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Also, fibroblasts act as sentinels to produce inflammatory mediators in response to several microorganisms. There is evidence that fibroblasts can synthesize toll-like receptors (TLRs), antimicrobial peptides, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which are important molecules involved in innate immune response against microorganisms. Fibroblasts can express TLRs (TLR-1 to TLR-10) to sense microbial components or microorganisms. They can synthesize antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, defensins hBD-1, and hBD-2, molecules that perform antimicrobial activity. Also, they can produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, INFγ, IL-6, IL-12p70, and IL-10; other chemokines, such as CCL1, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CX3CL1; and the growth factors granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to induce and recruit inflammatory cells. According to their immunological attributes, we can conclude that fibroblasts are sentinel cells that recognize pathogens, induce the recruitment of inflammatory cells via cytokines and growth factors, and release antimicrobial peptides, complying with the characteristics of real sentinels.
Changes of the intestinal microbiome—host homeostasis in HIV-infected individuals — a focus on the bacterial gut microbiome
Authors: Dein Terra Mota Ribeiro Ana Beatriz , Heimesaat Markus M. , Bereswill Stefan
Published: August 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections cause severe CD4+ T cell depletion leading to chronic inflammation and immune activation, impaired barrier function, and microbial translocation. Even under effective antiretroviral therapy, these processes persist, leading to gut microbiome dysbiosis and disturbance of microbiome–host homeostasis. This systematic review aims at analyzing how gut microbiome and host immune system influence each other during HIV pathogenesis. An online search applying the PubMed database was conducted. The number of total results (n = 35) was narrowed down to 5 relevant studies focusing on the interaction between the host and gut microbiome, whereas strict exclusion criteria were applied, thereby assuring that no other comorbidities impacted study results. Our analyses revealed that gut microbiome diversity correlated positively with CD4+ T cell counts and negatively with microbial translocation markers. However, quantitative changes in bacterial richness did not consistently correlate with the numbers of metabolically active bacterial populations. Despite the reported increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria and, conversely, decrease in protective populations, the gut microbiota exhibited immune-modulating qualities given that mucosal inflammatory sequelae were dampened by decreasing pro-inflammatory and accelerating anti-inflammatory cytokine responses. Future research is needed to further elucidate these findings, to gain a deeper insight into host–microbiota interactions and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
The Dispute Settlement Model of Regional Head Election Perspective Theory of Legal System in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyadi Dedi , Utami Tanti Kirana
Published: August 2017

The effectiveness of law enforcement depends on three law aspects; those are the structure of law, the substance of the law, and legal culture. Law structure is about the law enforcers, law substance is about the legislative means, and law culture is about a living law adopted by society. This study defines the background of simultaneous regional head elections in Indonesia, the problems of the simultaneous regional head elections in Indonesia, and the implementation of legal system theory to solve the simultaneous regional head election problems in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with the specification of descriptive analysis research. The result of the research is needed permanent law structures that cover (Election Police, Election Prosecutor, Election lawyer, and Election Jury), the law substance through the issuing of general regulations (lex general) which can integrate the Laws of Legislative, Presidential, and Regional Head Elections (lex specialist) and the legal culture of society as human behavior (including the legal culture of law enforcement officers) on the electoral law and law system that are in force at the moment.
Implications Status Alteration and Nāẓir Position on Wealth Endowments Producivity
Authors: Taufik Fikfik
Published: August 2017

Endowments are Aaliyah worship which has the noble social function to comply the various things that are relating the physical requirement and spiritual of society. To create the social function, there was appointed person or group of people, and on behalf of the individuals or legal entity optimally in charge of managing the endowments property. The endowment is an Islamic legal institution which was legality is based on the Qur’an and Hadith. In addition, regarding the lawmaking of endowments are also sourced from ijtihad, which focuses on mashed terms of shari'a, those are for creating the beneficence and strange on damage. Nāẓir alteration has to own the legality either form fiqh consideration (jurisprudence) or legislation and also have to be considered how far the conformity of alteration practice with fiqh (jurisprudence) and legislation, The alteration Nāẓir endowments as one of the efforts to optimize the wealth endowments management it's needed to be examined further. On this observation, it is used a qualitative approach with the research resources (research library), and in-depth interviews. The normative data which constituting a fact on the ground that has been collected then analyzed and also compared. This observation results explained that the alteration of Nāẓir endowments also has the legality, either fiqh (jurisprudence) or the legislation. The implementation of its changes is also implicated on optimizing the endowments property management, both in terms of results, or in terms of management.
The Needs for Official Sharia Compliance Audit Institution to Protect Customers of Islamic Banking: an Application through Ḥisba
Authors: Che Pa Bharudin , Mohd Nor Mohd Roslan , Manaf Sanusi Abdul
Published: August 2017

The emergence of Islamic banking system in most banks in Malaysia nowadays bring a new era in Malaysian banking industry. This article discusses the needs for official sharia compliance audit institution to protect customers of Islamic banking. By using literature studies, this article concludes that one of the contributing factors which lead people to adopt Islamic banking system is their awareness of the serious and intolerable prohibition of riba. Some of the ways to ensure customers are well protected are to establish ḥisba institution as Sharia compliance audit body. The establishment of ḥisba institution allows it to stop the violation of Allah’s prohibition and protect the society. With the establishment of the institution, it can play an important role to solicit advice and to monitor performance so that the banks operate strictly as according to the Islamic regulations.
Is it true that the Prophet had ever had a Will before the Dying?: Historical Analysis and Analysis of Hadith Science on the Hadiths about Will
Authors: Nurrohman Muhamad Ridwan
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper was to perform verification regarding the will of the Prophet. This study used the approach of hadith science as well as historical analysis to read the available data related to the will of the Prophet. After the research was performed, it was found a conclusion that the Prophet never delegated leadership in a ṣāriḥ way (decisively) to anyone. As for the thing, he firmly bequeathed at the end of his life were (1) to expel Jews, Christians, and polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula and 2) to treat delegates as best as they can. As for the third point, there were those who conclude: a) bequeathing the Quran; b) to send Osama troops; c) to keep the prayers and slaves they had; d) not to make his grave as a place of prayer.
The Monetary Policy in Indonesia: in the Perspective of Islamic Economics
Authors: Wisandani Iwan , Iswati Sri , Ismal Rifki
Published: August 2017

The writing is based on my concern on the monetary policy in Indonesia which is not fully in accordance with the Islamic teaching. Among all, the monetary policy doesn’t pay attention to the real sector. It can be seen from the sectorial dichotomy between the real and monetary sectors whereas in Islamic economics, monetary policy is only a representative of the real sector. The paper is a literary research with the approach of comparative study between Islamic monetary policy and the monetary policy employed in Indonesia. The research result is a composition of a transmission model from the perspective of Islamic economics which is based on BI Return (sharing) by creating a diagram and then explaining some thoughts of Muslim and western economists such as Stieglitz to create a monetary policy which gets along with the real sector. The model is an observational result to the monetary condition in Indonesia which is then compared to Islamic monetary thought. This model will gain good result when all transmissions of monetary policy are applied effectively.
The Implementation Effort Islamic Law Norms in Activities for Overcoming Pornography and Pornoaction on Mass Media
Authors: Sinaulan Ramlani Lina
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the effort Islamic Law norms in activities for overcoming pornography and porno-action on mass media. By using normative legal research, the result found that the concept of Islamic law, behave based on sharia, shows the importance of shaping the personality traits of Islam (syakhsiyya Islāmiyya) and based on the devotion and faith. Because of the relation to the formulation of the rule of law against pornography behavior, it can not be designed, prepared and formulated based on social values. Based on the facts of society, as a result of the moral decadence that led to a permissive attitude towards their cultural infiltration, the social values in assessing the behavior may become more permissive toward behavior. However, the use of religious norms which have universal properties will not change, and even capable of elastic with the times.
The Strategy of Realizing Sharia Based School Cooperative in Tasikmalaya City, Indonesia
Authors: Suryanto Asep
Published: August 2017

The objectives of this research: 1) what factors become a problem so that school cooperative still not become sharia based school cooperative? 2) How is the strategy to realize sharia cooperative in school? This research used a qualitative approach, i.e., Analytic Network Process (ANP). In applying the ANP method, the researcher does the following: 1) structuring the hierarchical complexity into the homogeneous clusters of the factors, 2) performing the measurements into the ratio scale at all the lowest levels of the hierarchy/ network, 3) synthesizing. Data used in this research is primary data collected from questionnaires and in depth interview with experts, the policy holder, students, and teacher coach. The results of the research show that 1) The factors that become the problem of difficulties in realizing sharia-based school cooperatives are less student participation, limited capital and infrastructure, knowledge of sharia co-operatives that are less good than students and teachers, and lack of coaching from the local cooperative office. 2) There are two strategies as a solution, i.e., an internal strategy which is the policy of school leadership to support the establishment of sharia-based school cooperatives; And external strategies that should be carried out by the government to support and develop sharia cooperatives including sharia-based school cooperatives.
Neo-Confucian Sensory Readings of Scriptures
Authors: Yoo Yohan
Published: August 2017

Chu Hsi (1130-1200) of China and Yi Hwang (1501–1570) of Korea, leading scholars of the Neo-Confucian school of the two countries, emphasized readings of Confucian scriptures. They believed that Confucian scriptures have transformative power when read repeatedly and deliberately. Chu introduced the concept—further developed by Yi—of encouraging a scholar to activate at least three senses when reading a text, over and above the experience of merely reading the characters of the text. They advised Neo-Confucian scholars to try to make contact with the sages and fully internalize their teaching through their senses of sight, hearing, and taste by reading scriptures, though they did not directly appeal to the physical senses. First, the text should be recited aloud so the reciters will hear their own voices, sometimes along with those of their colleagues when several scholars read together. They imagined, furthermore, that the voices they were hearing while reading were those of the ancient sages themselves. Secondly, while hearing the voices of the sages, the reciting scholars should visualize their images, seeking personal communion with them. Finally, the meditative reading of scholars was frequently likened to savoring a text’s flavor. The act of reading books was described as eating, biting, chewing, and tasting. When the readers recited the text aloud, pronouncing each syllable using tongues, lips and mouths, they were engaged in a gustatory experience: “chewing” and “tasting” scriptures.
Infusions and Fumigations
Authors: Wilkens Katharina
Published: August 2017

Written texts, especially sacred texts, can be handled in different ways. They can be read for semantic content; or they can be materially experienced, touched, or even be inhaled or drunk. I argue that literacy ideologies regulate social acceptability of specific semantic and somatic text practices. Drinking or fumigating the Qurʾan as a medical procedure is a highly contested literacy event in which two different ideologies are drawn upon simultaneously. I employ the linguistic model of codeswitching to highlight central aspects of this event: a more somatic ideology of literacy enables the link to medicine, while a more semantic ideology connects the practice to theological discourses on the sacredness of the Qurʾan as well as to the tradition of Prophetic medicine. Opposition to and ridicule of the practice, however, comes from representatives of an ideology of semantic purity, including some Islamic theologians and most Western scholars of Islam. Qurʾanic potions thus constitute an ideal point of entry for analyzing different types of literacy ideologies being followed in religious traditions.
What the Book Arts Can Teach Us About Sacred Texts
Authors: Plate S. Brent
Published: August 2017

Religion and art became separated in the modern age, or so the secularized story goes. But looking at a history of books, including their artistic creation, we find interesting ongoing parallels occurring between religious and artistic texts. Illustrations and scripts, bindings and papers, printmaking and performance, all serve artistic and religious ends. The artistic and the religious are tied together, ultimately, by appealing to the senses, bringing texts and reading into the realm of the aesthetic (Gk. aesthetikos: pertaining to sense perception). Books are powerful and enjoyable as well as dangerous and condemned, because they are felt, seen, tasted, heard, and touched. By looking at contemporary “book arts” and noting their sensual affects, we can understand “sacred texts” in better ways. Ultimately we find modern secular arts are not so far from religious experiences. Examples come from modern book artists such as John Latham, Brian Dettmer, Luigi Serafini, Meg Hitchcock, and Guy Laramée.
Seeing, Touching, Holding, and Swallowing Tibetan Buddhist Texts
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: August 2017

The iconic dimension of holy books has drawn increasing scholarly attention in recent years (e.g. Iconic Books and Texts, James Watts, ed., London, Equinox, 2013). Asian Buddhism provides rich material for considering the ritualization of engagement with sacred texts. In Tibetan Buddhism, this aspect of book culture is perhaps especially pronounced (see, for instance, Schaeffer 2009, especially Chapter 6; Elliott, Diemberger and Clemente 2014). This paper explores the topic in relation to the engagement of the senses in Tibetan context, through seeing, touching, holding and tasting texts. It would seem that it is not the sensory experience in itself, but rather the physical experience of a transmission and incorporation of the sacred qualities from the books into the person which is emphasized in these practices. Parallels and contrasts with examples from elsewhere are mentioned, and there is some consideration of the breadth of the category of sacred books in the Tibetan context in which Dharma teachings may take many forms.
On Instant Scripture and Proximal Texts
Authors: Frevel Christian
Published: August 2017

The paper discusses the importance of writing in the Hebrew Bible beyond the information storage aspect of script. Writing in the Torah is by no means limited to the textualization of tradition. The visual representation of writing, its materiality and the sensual experience are significant aspects of script and scripture. In four case studies the paper develops various aspects of writing as symbolic representation, performativity and agency of script. The four examples comprising various genres of texts are Deuteronomy 27, Deuteronomy 6, Exodus 28 and Numbers 6. The case studies evince the transformation from writing processes to the symbolic meaning of a scripturalized Torah as well as scripture as medium in various ways.
Scriptures' Indexical Touch
Authors: Watts James W.
Published: August 2017

Touching and holding books does not usually evoke the language of sensation. Touching a book indexes the reader in relationship to the book. Holding a book of scripture indexes a person as faithful to the beliefs and practices that are commonly associated with that scripture. In portraiture, the direction of a book’s indexical function is usually clear. Scribes, professors, lawyers and politicians pose in their libraries, often with book in hand, to depict themselves as scholars. The fact that scriptures are books makes a vocabulary of textual agency available for describing their symbolic function. The indexical link between book and person gains force from the fact that books and people share the quality of interiority. We think of both books and people as material containers of immaterial ideas. Therefore, images of people with books invite viewers to consider the relationship between their invisible ideas. However, art that portrays a god or goddess holding a scripture conveys a tighter indexical relationship, often to the point of collapsing any distinction between them.
Engaging All the Senses
Authors: Schleicher Marianne
Published: August 2017

Based on an analysis of the process of making and inaugurating a Torah scroll, this article describe what is likely to trigger sensory responses in the participants in each phase of the process and the function of activating the five senses of touch, hearing, vision, smell, and taste. By distinguishing between hermeneutical and artefactual uses of sacred texts and drawing on sensory integration theory, it argues that multi-sensory stimulation in handling the Torah scroll brings people close and enables nonconscious internal negotiation between individual memories, cultural representations, and the immediate environment. In this way, sense-stimulation facilitates the transitivity crucial for individual subject formation as part of a greater collective.
ENADE e Proposta Curricular do CFC: Um Estudo em Cursos Brasileiros de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Silva Vanessa Ramos , Miranda Gilberto José , Pereira Janser Moura
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar se as instituições que oferecem o curso de Ciências Contábeis com fluxos curriculares mais próximos à proposta curricular do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC) apresentam maiores notas no ENADE.

Método: na coleta de dados foram visitados os sítios eletrônicos de todos os cursos de Ciências Contábeis participantes do ENADE em 2012, tendo sido localizadas informações de 447 instituições, as quais compuseram a amostra do estudo. Na análise dos dados foram utilizados: estatística descritiva e o teste de Wilcoxon.

Resultados: os principais achados do estudo demonstram que os currículos acadêmicos das instituições públicas do tipo universidade têm maior proximidade com os conteúdos da proposta do CFC. Os testes ainda evidenciaram que as melhores notas do ENADE do ano de 2012 também foram de IES do tipo universidade, com administração pública.

Contribuições: a pesquisa contribui no sentido de evidenciar que os currículos brasileiros do curso de Ciências Contábeis são bastante divergentes da proposta curricular do CFC. Evidencia também que o maior alinhamento à referida proposta tende a estar associado a maiores notas no ENADE, o que valoriza a proposta enquanto parâmetro para novas revisões curriculares no Brasil.
Caso de Ensino: Liquidez ou Solvência, de Quem é a Culpa? A Análise Econômico-Financeira de uma Instituição Financeira
Authors: Leite Ferreira da Costa Renata Sol , Pereira Antunes José Américo , Feres de Almeida José Elias
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Este caso de ensino tem como objetivo ilustrar o uso de conceitos associados à liquidez e à solvência para suportar a tomada de decisões estratégicas de longo prazo.

Método: Por meio de um caso de ensino, são analisadas questões gerais e específicas para discussão em cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação lato sensu em Ciências Contábeis, Administração e Economia.

Resultados: O Banco Y apresentou rápido crescimento da carteira de crédito nos últimos anos, apoiado em uma estratégia de alongamento de prazos, que não foi acompanhado na mesma proporção pelo seu patrimônio líquido, levando ao aumento da alavancagem e à compressão do capital regulamentar. Insatisfeitos, os sócios discordavam quanto às causas do insucesso: seria um problema de liquidez, consequência da estratégia de alongamento da carteira de crédito, ou seria um problema de solvência, pois, além de ilíquida, a carteira seria também inadimplente?

Contribuições: A condução dessa análise por meio de um estudo de caso oferece uma perspectiva adicional para a compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos, em especial de liquidez e solvência de instituições financeiras, para além daquela oferecida pela via tradicional da resolução de problemas.
Estudos Internacionais Sobre Valor Justo (2000-2016): Temáticas, Métodos e Sugestões de Pesquisas Futuras
Authors: Matos Eduardo Bona Safe de , Araújo Lucas Vieira Lôbo de , Guerra Mariana , Murcia Fernando Dal-Ri
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Analisar as publicações sobre valor justo nos principais periódicos internacionais de contabilidade e classificá-las de acordo com temáticas e tipologias de pesquisa.

Método: O estudo corresponde a uma revisão de literatura descritiva e de escopo, nos moldes de Paré, Trudel, Jaana e Kitsiou (2015), sendo a amostra composta por 111 artigos publicados, no período de 2000 a 2016, nos trinta journals mais relevantes, segundo Matherly e Shortridge (2009).

Resultados: Identificou-se tendência crescente na produção científica sobre o tema, especialmente após 2011, com destaque nos cinco principais journals internacionais de contabilidade. A área de pesquisa se mostrou heterogênea, com publicações em diferentes temas, porém com destaque para: (i) comparação do valor justo com outros métodos de avaliação; e (ii) reações do mercado de ações ao valor justo. Ainda, observou-se a predominância de estudos quantitativos e com base em archival.

Contribuições: A união de diferentes estudos, métodos e abordagens sobre o valor justo condensa as principais pesquisas na área, contribuindo para a compreensão do debate e, principalmente, para observação do fenômeno da utilização do valor justo, que não é consensual do ponto de vista teórico e prático.
A Constituição do Campo Científico e a Baixa Diversidade da Pesquisa Contábil Brasileira
Authors: Homero Junior Paulo Frederico
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Este estudo teve o objetivo de produzir uma hipótese plausível para explicar a ausência de uma linha consolidada de pesquisas interpretativas e críticas em contabilidade no Brasil.

Método: Apresento neste estudo uma análise da constituição do campo científico na contabilidade brasileira, construída a partir de evidências obtidas através de revisão da literatura sobre a história da contabilidade no Brasil e, subsidiariamente, de fontes documentais e de reflexões decorrentes de minha recente trajetória nesse campo, tendo como base teórica os conceitos de campo, capital, habitus e campo científico, oriundos da obra do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu.

Resultados: Identifico a baixa autonomia do campo acadêmico em relação ao campo profissional, evidenciada pela origem dos cursos superiores em ciências contábeis a partir de esforços de lideranças da profissão e pelas constantes tentativas de ingerência das entidades profissionais sobre o ensino de contabilidade, como causa da baixa diversidade na pesquisa contábil brasileira.

Contribuições: Em face aos constantes apelos por uma maior aproximação entre a academia e a prática contábil, os resultados deste estudo servem como um alerta para os efeitos deletérios que podem advir, se tal aproximação se der sob as atuais condições de subordinação do campo científico a interesses do campo profissional.