bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy with deep learning
Authors:   , Terpstra Maarten Lennart
Published: October 2023

Radiotherapy is a common treatment for cancer, which uses radiation to destroy cancer cells. The goal is to deliver a high dose to the tumor without irradiating healthy tissue, but the organ motion due to, for example, respiration makes this difficult.

You can see what you treat by irradiating patients with hybrid MRI/radiation devices (MRI-Linac). With real-time adaptive MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT), the radiation beam is continuously adjusted to compensate for respiratory motion.

A major challenge is the speed of MRI acquisitions, and it can take several minutes to acquire high-quality, high-resolution three-dimensional MRI. To compensate for respiratory motion, MRI must be acquired, reconstructed into an image, and the motion computation must be completed within 200 milliseconds. Deep learning is a promising solution due to its speed and quality when minimal MRI data is available. In this thesis we investigated the applicability of deep learning for MRI-guided radiotherapy.

The research shows that neural networks can determine three-dimensional motion within 200 milliseconds with an error of less than 1 millimeter while using 25x fewer data than conventional MRI scans. Moreover, we discovered that traditional training of neural networks causes systematic errors in motion models. In particular, minimizing the L2 norm in the complex domain results in an underestimation of the recovered magnitude. This is problematic for radiotherapeutic applications as this will result in systematic errors. To resolve this, we have proposed a new loss function to train neural networks that is fully symmetric with respect to the recovered magnitude and phase.
Finally, we have investigated the acceleration of the acquisition and reconstruction of the so-called 4D-MRI, which is important for MRI-guided radiotherapy to quantify the motion magnitude but takes a long time to acquire. Deep learning can potentially reconstruct accelerated 4D-MRI acquisitions with high quality, but training these models is challenging due to the high-dimensional nature of 4D-MRI. This makes it difficult to capture all spatio-temporal information in a computationally feasible way. We have proposed a new deep learning model that uses separate spatial and temporal sub-networks, which enables high-quality 4D-MRI reconstruction with significantly fewer trainable parameters. Applying this model to 4D-MRI reconstruction resulted in a significant acceleration of 4D-MRI acquisition and reconstruction without losing quality.

This thesis has shown that deep learning is a feasible technology for radiotherapy and could enable more effective treatments with fewer side effects and reduce the number of treatment fractions. Although challenges remain for clinical implementation, neural networks are a promising technology for real-time adaptive MRIgRT.
Teacher strategies for teaching slow learners in low-grade primary schools
Authors: Asri Ovi Shinta , Nuroh Ermawati Zulikhatin
Published: October 2023

Every child has the right to a proper education, including slow learners. Slow learners are students who experience delays in learning. The condition of students who experience learning delays causes low student achievement and difficulty understanding the material. Learning strategies are needed to help slow learners catch up. The research aims to describe the teacher's strategy for teaching slow-learning students with low grades. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study method. The research was conducted at SD Negeri Jemirahan with the participants being two grade 1 teachers. In this study, data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that teachers applied various strategies for slow-learning students in the form of material reduction, question modification, additional study hours, and seating rotation to student motivation. The results showed that the role of teachers with the application of appropriate learning strategies for slow learners had a significant impact, namely students' willingness to learn increased slowly.
Genially- based interactive learning media in the sub-theme of the uniqueness In my home town
Authors: Wulandari Madu Mitha , Safitri Nurlinda , Purnamasari Ratih
Published: October 2023

This development research uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation , Evaluation). This research was conducted at SD Negeri Cigombong 02, Bogor Regency, and consisted of 31 students. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2022/2023 school year. The purpose of this research is to solve the problems that fourth grade students face in the learning process. The results of the research show that the developed interactive learning media is feasible for students to use. This can be seen from the validation results carried out by media experts, linguists, and material experts showing a high percentage. Assessments from media experts showed a percentage of 94% "very feasible", linguists showed a percentage of 100% “very feasible", and material experts showed a percentage of 96% "very feasible". The results of the expert validation as a whole show a percentage of 96.6 % with the criteria of "very feasible". The limited test conducted on 31 students obtained a response of 98.8 % in the "very good" category. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that genially- based interactive learning media is very appropriate for students to use.
The effect of GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning on student mathematical achievement of coordinate system
Authors: Putri Nur Aini , Putra Zetra Hainul , Hermita Neni , Tjoe Hartono
Published: October 2023

This present study aims to examine the effect of GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning on student mathematical achievement of coordinate system. The study applied a quasi-experimental method that included 41 fifth grade students from a private Islamic school in Pekanbaru, Riau. The students were randomized into an experimental group (n=21) that received GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning and a control group (n=20) that received traditional teaching approach. Student mathematical achievement was measured using items of coordinate system developed by the researchers, and the data gathering in this study was analyzed using nonparametric statistical analysis. The findings indicated that there was significant statistical difference in student mathematical achievement of coordinate system between the experimental and control group (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05)). The study concluded that the instruction based on GeoGebra-assisted interactive learning had a statistically significant positive effect on improving student mathematical achievement of coordinate system.
The Effect of Active, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning Models on the Fourth-Grade Students’ Learning Outcomes
Authors: Malau Rika Olimina , Silaban Patri Janson , Sembiring Rebekah Kairani , Lumbanraja Bogor , Gaol Rumiris Lumban
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the effect of using the PAKEM learning model on students’ learning outcomes on the theme of the area where I live in class IV of SD Negeri 097795 Perasmian in the academic year 2022/2023. The study uses quantitative methods. The research population is 132 students from the entire class I-VI of SD Negeri 097795 Perasmian. Sampling uses a purposive sample with a number of 30 students from class IV. The research results indicate that students’ learning outcomes using the PAKEM model are included in the very good category with an average score of 85.13 and a correlation test result of 0.841, which means rcount (0.841) ≥ rtable (0.361), hence Ha is accepted. Thus, there is a significant effect between the use of the PAKEM learning model and students’ learning outcomes on the theme of the area where I live in class IV of SD Negeri 097795 Perasmian. It can be seen from the research results of the T-test, where tcount 8,215 ≥ ttable 2,048, Ha is accepted. It reveals that there is a significant positive effect from the use of the PAKEM learning model on students’ learning outcomes in the theme of the area where I live in class IV of SD Country 097795 Perasmian in the academic year 2022/2023.
Comparative Analysis of the Effect Of Blended Learning Model Through Experimental Approach and Project on the Scientific Demeanor and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Wardani Fitri
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes differences in students’ learning outcomes in a blended learning model that uses experimental and project methods. In addition, this paper also investigates the effect of scientific demeanor on learning outcomes. The research method uses a simple random sampling technique in four classes at the Light Vehicle Engineering department. The research uses four variables, namely scientific demeanor, learning outcomes, physics learning that uses a blended learning model with experimental, and project methods. Scientific attitude is observed through observing participants' responses to specific situations while learning outcomes are measured through tests that are taken after a particular learning process. The research results indicate three main findings. First, there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students who are taught by using the blended learning model with the experimental method and the students who are taught with the project method. Second, there are substantial differences in learning outcomes based on students' scientific demeanor. Third, there is no significant effect between the blended learning model using experimental and project methods and students' demeanor toward learning outcomes. The research results contribute to the understanding of how different learning can influence students’ learning outcomes. In addition, the findings regarding the relationship between scientific demeanor and learning outcomes can also support efforts to develop more effective and adaptive learning strategies for various types of students.
The Effect of Digital Learning Media Based on Wordwall Games on Students’ Learning Outcomes and Learning Motivation at SDN 17 Prabumulih
Authors: Ulandari Popi , Kesumawati Nila , Nurhasana Putri Dewi
Published: October 2023

Wordwall game digital media is an interesting application, which increases motivation and learning outcomes with an active learning atmosphere in the classroom and learning while playing. The research uses the experimental method with the Posttest-Only Control Design. The research population indicates 334 people with purposive sampling, which consists of 28 students of class IIIA as the experimental class and 28 students of class IIIB as the control class. Data collection techniques used are tests and questionnaires. Based on the research results, it is concluded that there is an effect of Wordwall game-based digital learning media on students’ learning outcomes of fractional material with a sig of 0.000. There are differences in learning outcomes based on students’ learning motivation of fractional material with a sig of 0.000. There is no interaction of Wordwall game-based digital learning media on students’ learning motivation and students’ learning outcomes of fractional material with a sig of 0.788 at SDN 17 Prabumulih.
Implementation of Academic Supervision Activities as an Attempt to Improve Teacher Performance at SDN 023 Muara Mamat Baru Tapung in Kampar
Authors: Lindawati Lindawati
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the improvement of teacher performance through the implementation of academic supervision activities. Teacher performance is a description of the teacher's attitudes, skills, values, and knowledge in implementing their duties and functions which consist of their appearance, actions, and work performance. The interviews and surveys conducted in the research aimed to obtain information regarding teacher performance in learning and related to the research. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the use of academic supervision indicates an improvement in teacher performance. The type of research was School Action Research (PTS), which was located at SDN 023 Muara Mahat Baru Tapung in Kampar. The research population was 9 teachers. Based on the research results, the implementation of academic supervision activities can improve teacher performance. It can be seen from the results of the first cycle at 56%, which were 54.5% of planning teacher ability learning, 63.6% of implementing teacher ability learning, and 54.5% of evaluating teacher ability learning. It increased to 85% in cycle II, which was 90.9% for planning teacher ability learning, 100% for implementing teacher ability learning, and 72.7% for evaluating teacher ability learning. It is classified in the very good category.
TACİRİN TÜKETİCİ SIFATI
Authors: UYUMAZ Alper , TÜRK Mehmet Cemil
Published: October 2023

Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun’un 3. maddesine göre tüketici, “ticari veya mesleki olmayan amaçlarla hareket eden gerçek veya tüzel kişiyi” ifade eder. Hükümden, söz konusu amaç dışında hareket eden kişilerin tüketici olamayacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak hükümde tacire ilişkin bir açıklık bulunmamaktadır. Bu konuda Türk hukukunda tartışmalar devam etmekte olup henüz bu konuda ortak bir sonuca varılmış değildir. Bu çalışmada tacirin tüketici sıfatı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Tacirin tüketici sıfatına ilişkin yapılan tartışmalarda ya sadece Türk hukuk öğretisi ve yargı kararlarından yararlanılarak bir sonuca ulaşılmış ya da AB hukuku ve Kıta Avrupası ülkelerinin hukukundan hareketle çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. AB hukuku ve Kıta Avrupası ülkelerinin hukuku, Kanun’a mehaz teşkil etmesi bakımından önemlidir. Bununla birlikte tüketici kavramının kapsamına tüzel kişilerin dâhil edilmesi, ticari iş karinesi ilişkin Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 19. maddesi gibi düzenlemeler Türk hukukuna özgüdür. Bu nedenle çalışmada; Türk hukukunda, AB hukukunda ve Kıta Avrupası ülkelerinin hukukunda ortaya atılan görüşler ile Türk hukukuna özgü düzenlemeler bir arada değerlendirilerek konu çözüme kavuşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
PATENTİN İNHİSARÎLİK UNSURUNUN İNGİLTERE’DE ORTAYA ÇIKIŞINDA JACOPO ACONCIO’NUN ROLÜ
Authors: DURSUN Cemal
Published: October 2023

Bu makalede, bir Reformasyon ve Rönesans insanı olan Trentolu Jacopo Aconcio’nun patentin “inhisarîlik” unsurunun İngiltere’de ortaya çıkışında oynadığı rol üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu amaçla önce Aconcio’nun hayatı üzerinde kısaca durulmuştur. 1557’de İsviçre’ye geçişine kadar olan hayatı hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Reform yanlısı görüşleri nedeniyle hayatının son yıllarında İtalya’yı terk ederek Basel ve Zürih’e yerleşmesi, orada Marian sürgünleri ile tanışması, Birinci Elizabeth’in tahta çıkmasından sonra sırasıyla Strazburg’a, oradan da Sir Cecil’in daveti ile Londra’ya geçişi anlatılmaktadır. Bu dönemde kaleme aldığı önemle eserlere kısaca değinilmektedir. Bir mühendis olarak Aconcio’nun İngiltere’ye varır varmaz Kraliçe’ye yaptığı yazılı başvuru üzerinden ve Holdsworth, Hulme ve White Jr.’ın konuya dair görüşlerinden hareketle Seaborn Davies ile Jeremy Phillips arasında Aconcio’nun İngiltere’de patentin inhisarîlik unsurunun oluşumundaki rolüne dair tartışmalar üzerinde ayrıntılı olarak durulacaktır. Çalışma, tarihsel yaklaşımdan yararlanmak suretiyle hem 16. yy.’a dair meselelerin değerlendirilmesinde hem de o döneme ait belli kavramların anlaşılmasında ve kullanılmasında dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli hususları içeren bir bölüm ile sona ermektedir.
ARSA PAYI KARŞILIĞI İNŞAAT SÖZLEŞMESİNDEN DOĞAN HAKKIN ŞERHİ
Authors: KOÇAKDİKER Duygu
Published: October 2023

İsimsiz bir sözleşme olan arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesinin, kişisel hakların şerh edilmesine özgü hükümlerde ismen anılması, uygulamada çok sık karşılaşılmasına ve uyuşmazlıkların fazla olmasına dayanır. Bu sözleşmeler hem arsa malikine hem yükleniciye finansal açıdan avantaj sağlamaktadır. Yüklenici, arsa maliyetine katlamadan yapı inşa ederek kar sağlamakta, arsa maliki de nakden ödeme yapmadan arsa üzerinde yapı sahibi olmaktadır. Ancak yapının inşası sırasında, arsa üzerindeki mülkiyet hakkının tamamının veya bir kısmının arsa malikinde kalması yüklenici bakımından risk oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü arsa maliki tasarruf yetkisine dayalı olarak mülkiyeti üçüncü kişilere devredebilir, taşınmazda sınırlı ayni hak kurabilir, üçüncü kişilerin taşınmaz üzerindeki başka kişisel hakların şerhini talep edilebilir veya onun borçları nedeniyle taşınmazın cebri icra yolu ile satılması söz konusu olabilir. Yüklenicinin, borç ilişkisine yabancı yeni malike, sınırlı ayni hak sahiplerine veya kişisel hak sahiplerine karşı alacak hakkını ileri sürmesi hakkının şerh edilmesi ile mümkün hale gelir. Bu nedenle şerh, arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmelerinde, yüklenicinin alacak hakkını elde etmesi bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmada, arsa malikinin borcunun ifa zamanına göre şerh ihtiyacının belirlenmesi, şerhin etkisi, hükümleri ve kapsamı incelenmiştir.
IMPLEMENTASI IDENTITAS KEPENDUDUKAN DIGITAL DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Sasongko Restu Widyo
Published: October 2023

Pemerintah telah melakukan terobosan baru di bidang administrasi kependudukan melalui kebijakan identitas kependudukan digital. Kebijakan identitas kependudukan digital ditetapkan oleh otoritas publik sebagai jenis penggunaan data dan inovasi korespondensi dan sebagai salah satu langkah untuk mengalahkan hambatan blangko KTP-el. Melalui implementasi kebijakan ini, diharapkan dapat tercipta ketertiban administrasi kependudukan serta terjaminnya hak-hak warga negara atas pelayanan publik yang berkaitan dengan identitas kependudukan. Artikel ini mengkaji kesiapan pemerintah dan masyarakat Kabupaten Bandung dalam implementasi identitas kependudukan digital. Menggunakan teori dari George C. Edward III dengan empat hal yang menjadi perhatian utama agar eksekusi strategi dapat berjalan dengan baik, yaitu komunikasi (communication), sumber daya (resources), disposisi atau perilaku (dispotition or attitudes), serta struktur birokrasi (bureaucratic structure). Berdasarkan hasil analisis serta kajian terhadap data dan informasi yang diperoleh melalui library research dapat dikemukakan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung, dalam hal ini Disdukcapil sebagai instansi pelaksana di bidang administrasi kependudukan, memiliki kesiapan yang mencukupi untuk mengimplementasikan identitas kependudukan digital. Pelayanan menyangkut identitas kependudukan digital dapat diintegrasikan dengan inovasi pelayanan yang telah ada dan diselenggarakan pada Disdukcapil Kabupaten Bandung. Mengingat tingkat penguasaan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang penggunaan aplikasi smartphone yang beragam, maka perlu diupayakan sosialisasi dan edukasi secara masif sehingga implementasi identitas kependudukan digital dapat berlangsung secara efektif serta memberikan hasil sesuai harapan.

Kata kunci: Identitas Kependudukan Digital, Kebijakan, Implementasi
INOVASI PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DENGAN ONLINE (PAK’DE ON) MELALUI APLIKASI WHATSAPP DAN INOVASI PELAYANAN DOKUMEN ADIMINSTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENGADILAN AGAMA (DIDUPAG) DIDINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Putri Lusy Riadina
Published: October 2023

Inovasi merupakan gagasan yang dibentuk untuk memberikan warna baru pada penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan tingkat kepuasan masyarakat yang menginginkan pelayanan yang serba cepat, transparan, akuntabel, dan berkualitas. Inovasi pelaksanaan pelayanan publik di bidang pelayanan administrasi kependudukan oleh Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Madiun yaitu Inovasi Pelayanan Administrasi Kependudukan Online (PAK’DE ON) melalui Aplikasi WhatsApp dan Layanan Dokumen Administrasi Kependudukan Inovasi dan Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten (DIDUPAG) merupakan kerjasama antara Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Madiun dengan Kabupaten Madiun Pengadilan Agama.  Inovasi PAK’DE ON dan DIDUPAG menghadirkan layanan online real time dan memudahkan masyarakat dalam mengelola berkas administrasi kependudukan. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan atau kendala, yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dan promosi serta rendahnya tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam layanan daring tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis inovasi pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di Kabupaten Madiun pasca pandemi Covid-19 yang memunculkan kreativitas dan inovasi dari Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan administrasi kependudukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ilmiah ini adalah Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber Data Sekunder. Teknik Pengambilan Data menggunakan Studi Kepustakaan, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan studi pustaka. Kesimpulan tentang inovasi Pelayanan Administrasi Kependudukan Online (PAK’DE ON) Inovasi Pelayanan Dokumen Administrasi Kependudukan dan Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten (DIDUPAG) Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kabupaten Madiun cukup baik namun belum optimal dikarenakan kurangnya sosialisasi tentang produk inovasi PAK’DE ON dan DIDUPAG, yang berimplikasi pada rendahnya tingkat partisipasi masyarakat Kabupaten Madiun. Saran dan rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah membuat akun media sosial yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat, antara lain Instagram, Facebook, Tiktok, Twitter, dan sebagainya sebagai media sosialisasi.

 

Kata Kunci: Inovasi, Pelayanan Publik, dan Administrasi Kependudukan
PENGAWASAN PENERTIBAN PEMASANGAN REKLAME OLEH SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Putri Angela Marita , Rahman Abdul
Published: October 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini didukung oleh beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan adanya pelanggaran terhadap penyelenggaraan reklame di berbagai wilayah, termasuk di Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengawasan terhadap penertiban pemasangan reklame oleh Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau dalam melaksanakan pengawasan terhadap penertiban pemasangan reklame di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pengawasan dan penertiban pemasangan reklame di Kabupaten Kampar telah berjalan dengan baik, namun masih belum optimal karena terdapat beberapa kekurangan. Keberhasilan tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang jelas dalam penertiban reklame, pelaksanaan waktu dan lokasi penertiban yang terjadwal, serta observasi dan inspeksi yang berjalan teratur. Selain itu, evaluasi pelaksanaan secara rutin dilakukan, dan tindakan koreksi berupa sanksi dan retribusi telah diberlakukan terhadap pelanggar penyelenggaraan reklame. Baik penertiban langsung maupun tidak langsung telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pelaksanaan pengawasan penertiban pemasangan reklame di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau masih belum maksimal. Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kabupaten Kampar telah memiliki SOP yang jelas serta jadwal yang baik, namun untuk sarana serta sumber daya manusia masih sangat terbatas. Untuk pelaksanaan evaluasi terhadap penertiban reklame dilakukan dengan tegas lewat pemberian tindakan koreksi berupa sanksi dan retribusi bagi pelanggar penyelenggara reklame di Kabupaten Kampar.

 

Kata Kunci: Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP), Pajak, Peraturan Daerah
The basic development directions of Afghanistan state coordinate framework
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Najibullah H. Z. ,   Kabul Polytechnic University, Gienko E. G. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: October 2023

The review of the current state of the Afghanistan state coordinate framework, created by both ground and satellite methods, is carried out. It is outlined that when developing the geodetic network of Afghanistan, it is useful to use the experience existing in other countries, but taking into account the territorial characteristics of the state. The basic development directions of the state coordinate framework are formulated: the choice of the state coordinate system and its implementation, the creation of geodynamic polygons, the installation of continuously operating reference stations (CORS) of GNSS. It is recommended to use high-precision differential correction services in inaccessible areas to determine coordinates using GNSS methods. Based on the proposals formulated, it will be possible to create a highly accurate sustainable and developing state geodetic network on the territory of Afghanistan to perform topographic and geodetic works for various purposes, geospatial monitoring, mapping, geodynamic research.
Modern displacements measurements at Talay station (south-west part of Baikal rift)
Authors:   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Timofeev V. Y. , Timofeev A. V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Ardyukov D. G. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Sizikov I. S. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS; Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Nosov D. A. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS; Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS
Published: October 2023

The rates of modern displacements are an important factor in the modern geodynamics of the Baikal rift system. Reflection of strong earthquakes in the experimental values of displacements is still to be discussed, as well as the question of modern vertical movements. According to the measurements of 1992–2022, performed by the methods of absolute gravimetry and space geodesy, the velocities of vertical and horizontal movements at the Talaya seismic station (Baikal Rift). The displacement rates were determined as 1.7 mm/year – 1.9 mm/year at the SEE relative to the Irkutsk point (Siberian platform). A set of methods was used to obtain the vertical velocity val-ues for different epochs, pre-, co- and post-period of Kultuk earthquake (2008, M = 6.3, 25 km to the epicenter). Subsidence rates vary from 1.1 mm/yr to 3.3 mm/yr. Possible signs of the preparation of Baikal earthquakes have been identified.
Analysis of changes in the natural and anthropogenic transformation of the coastline of the Azerbaijanian sector of the Caspian sea
Authors:   State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic, Guliyev A. Sh. , Khlebnikova T. A. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: October 2023

The aim of the research was to analyze changes in natural and anthropogenic transformations of the coastal territory of the Caspian Sea. For this, the possibility of using images with a spatial resolution of up to 10 m, obtained by superimposing channels with ultra-high spectral resolution (20 m and 60 m) was studied to obtain the maximum amount of information about the surface.Climate change, sea level rise significantly change the physical condition of the coastal area. During the active transregression and then regression, the coastal territory has changed over the past 50 years. The flooded coastal area (more than 540 sq. km) is an alluvial plain of marine origin. Space monitoring research is relevant for the sustainable development of the coastal territory and environmental protection of these regions. The article presents the results of using different-time space data and images of remote sensing of the Earth obtained by different survey systems. The results of the research can contribute to improving the development of coastal ecosystem engineering, as well as socio-ecological research based on a systematic approach.
SAKIT DAN TERBUNGKAM: PENGALAMAN PASIEN PEREMPUAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI DOKTER-PASIEN
Authors: Putri Nanda Amalia
Published: October 2023

Komunikasi antarpribadi merupakan perangkat utama pertukaran informasi dokter dan pasien. Untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan rencana pengobatan, dokter membutuhkan informasi dari pasien, sementara pasien membutuhkan dokter untuk memahami dan menjelaskan rasa sakit yang mereka derita. Proses ini memerlukan empati dan rasa saling percaya. Namun demikian, sejumlah penelitan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan perlakuan medis terhadap pasien laki-laki dan perempuan, dan kecenderungan dokter untuk tidak mempercayai rasa sakit yang dialami pasien perempuan diduga sebagai salah satu alasannya. Dari perspektif komunikasi, kecenderungan untuk tidak mempercayai dan tidak menganggap serius tuturan perempuan terjadi akibat sistem bahasa yang didominasi oleh laki-laki. Perempuan menjadi terbungkam karena tidak mampu mengekspresikan diri secara bebas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif terhadap enam artikel berita yang memuat pengalaman pasien perempuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses pembungkaman yang terjadi serta mendiskusikan implikasinya terhadap derajat kesehatan kaum perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembungkaman terjadi dalam bentuk trivialisasi, stigmatisasi, dan kendali atas tubuh pasien perempuan. Adanya praktik pembungkaman menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi dokter-pasien dapat menjadi sarana reproduksi ketidaksetaraan gender dalam dunia kesehatan. Dengan menerapkan teori kelompok terbungkam, peneliti menunjukkan bagaimana pasien perempuan menanggung beban ganda untuk dapat bersuara dan didengar: sebagai perempuan dalam sistem ekspresi yang didominasi laki-laki, dan sebagai pasien dalam sistem ekspresi yang mengedepankan otoritas medis.
Unsupervised Text Embedding Space Generation Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Text Synthesis
Authors: Lee Jun-Min , Ha Tae-Bin
Published: October 2023

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is a model for data synthesis, which creates plausible data through the competition of generator and discriminator. Although GAN application to image synthesis is extensively studied, it has inherent limitations to natural language generation. Because natural language is composed of discrete tokens, a generator has difficulty updating its gradient through backpropagation; therefore, most text-GAN studies generate sentences starting with a random token based on a reward system. Thus, the generators of previous studies are pre-trained in an autoregressive way before adversarial training, causing data memorization that synthesized sentences reproduce the training data. In this paper, we synthesize sentences using a framework similar to the original GAN. More specifically, we propose Text Embedding Space Generative Adversarial Networks (TESGAN) which generate continuous text embedding spaces instead of discrete tokens to solve the gradient backpropagation problem. Furthermore, TESGAN conducts unsupervised learning which does not directly refer to the text of the training data to overcome the data memorization issue. By adopting this novel method, TESGAN can synthesize new sentences, showing the potential of unsupervised learning for text synthesis. We expect to see extended research combining Large Language Models with a new perspective of viewing text as an continuous space.
Genome-wide transcription landscape of citric acid producing Aspergillus niger in response to glucose gradient
Authors: Zheng Xiaomei , Du Peng , Gao Kaiyue , Du Yimou , Cairns Timothy C. , Ni Xiaomeng , Chen Meiling , Zhao Wei , Ma Xinrong , Yang Hongjiang , Zheng Ping , Sun Jibin
Published: October 2023

Aspergillus niger is the main industrial workhorse for global citric acid production. This fungus has complex sensing and signaling pathways to respond to environmental nutrient fluctuations. As the preferred primary carbon source, glucose also acts as a critical signal to trigger intracellular bioprocesses. Currently, however, there is still a knowledge gap in systems-level understanding of metabolic and cellular responses to this vital carbon source. In this study, we determined genome-wide transcriptional changes of citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger in response to external glucose gradient. It demonstrated that external glucose fluctuation led to transcriptional reprogramming of many genes encoding proteins involved in fundamental cellular process, including ribosomal biogenesis, carbon transport and catabolism, glucose sensing and signaling. The major glucose catabolism repressor creA maintained a stable expression independent of external glucose, while creB and creD showed significant downregulation and upregulation by the glucose increase. Notably, several high-affinity glucose transporters encoding genes, including mstA, were greatly upregulated when glucose was depleted, while the expression of low-affinity glucose transporter mstC was glucose-independent, which showed clear concordance with their protein levels detected by in situ fluorescence labeling assay. In addition, we also observed that the citric acid exporter cexA was observed to be transcriptionally regulated by glucose availability, which was correlated with extracellular citric acid secretion. These discoveries not only deepen our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of glucose but also shed new light on the adaptive evolutionary mechanism of citric acid production of A. niger.
Bone marrow stromal cells in Modic type 1 changes promote neurite outgrowth
Authors: Mengis Tamara , Herger Nick , Heggli Irina , Devan Jan , Spirig José Miguel , Laux Christoph J. , Brunner Florian , Farshad Mazda , Distler Oliver , Dudli Stefan
Published: October 2023

The pain in patients with Modic type 1 changes (MC1) is often due to vertebral body endplate pain, which is linked to abnormal neurite outgrowth in the vertebral body and adjacent endplate. The aim of this study was to understand the role of MC1 bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in neurite outgrowth. BMSCs can produce neurotrophic factors, which have been shown to be pro-fibrotic in MC1, and expand in the perivascular space where sensory vertebral nerves are located. The study involved the exploration of the BMSC transcriptome in MC1, co-culture of MC1 BMSCs with the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, analysis of supernatant cytokines, and analysis of gene expression changes in co-cultured SH-SY5Y. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling-related pathways. Co-cultures of MC1 BMSCs with SH-SY5Y cells resulted in increased neurite sprouting compared to co-cultures with control BMSCs. The concentration of BDNF and other cytokines supporting neuron growth was increased in MC1 vs. control BMSC co-culture supernatants. Taken together, these findings show that MC1 BMSCs provide strong pro-neurotrophic cues to nearby neurons and could be a relevant disease-modifying treatment target.
Analysing the interplay of environmental virology, public health, and sanitation: a comprehensive review from a Kenyan perspective
Authors: Opere Michael Wasonga
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive review examines the interplay between environmental virology, public health, and sanitation in the unique context of Kenya. The review sheds light on the specific viral threats faced by the country, including waterborne viruses, zoonotic infections, and emerging viral diseases, and their implications for public health. It explores the prevailing public health challenges in Kenya associated with environmental viromics, such as infectious viral diseases, and the rising burden of other infectious particles. The role of sanitation in mitigating viral infections is highlighted, emphasising the importance of clean water supply, proper waste management, and hygienic practises. The review also presents strategies for strengthening environmental virology research in Kenya, including enhancing laboratory capacities and leveraging technological advancements. Furthermore, the policy implications and recommendations derived from the review emphasise the need for multi-sectoral collaboration, evidence-based decision-making, and long-term investments in infrastructure and behaviour change interventions. Implementing these strategies can enhance the understanding of environmental virology, improve public health outcomes, and ensure sustainable sanitation practises in Kenya, ultimately contributing to the well-being of the population and sustainable development.
Improvement in coronary microvascular dysfunction evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after transapical beating-heart septal myectomy
Authors: Zhao Yun , Huang Lu , Li Chenhe , Tang Dazhong , Luo Yi , Xiang Chunlin , Zhou Xiaoyue , Fang Jing , Wei Xiang , Xia Liming
Published: October 2023

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a pathophysiological mechanism underlying hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, few studies have investigated the potential effect of transapical beating-heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) on coronary microvascular function. This study aimed to evaluate coronary microvascular function in HOCM after TA-BSM using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and to investigate the determinants of improvement in coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Materials and methods

28 patients with HOCM who underwent TA-BSM were prospectively enrolled in this study from March 2022 to April 2023. All patients received CMR before and after TA-BSM. CMR-derived parameters were compared, including the maximum wall thickness, native T1 value, T2 value, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and perfusion indexes (Slopemax, Timemax, and Slmax). Univariate and multivariate linear regression identified variables associated with the rate of Slopemax change.

Results

Compared with the preoperative parameters, left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion were significantly improved after TA-BSM (all P < 0.05), although still lower than in healthy controls. In the analysis of the myocardial perfusion parameter rate of change, the rate of Slopemax change was the most significant (P = 0.002) in HOCM. In the multivariable regression analysis, age (adjusted β = 0.551), weight of the resected myocardium (adjusted β = 0.191), maximum wall thickness (adjusted β = −0.406), LGE (adjusted β = 0.260), and Δ left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pressure gradient (adjusted β = −0.123) were significantly associated with the rate of Slopemax change in HOCM (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Coronary microvascular dysfunction in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic myocardial segments was improved in patients after TA-BSM. Microcirculatory perfusion evaluated by CMR can be a potential tool to evaluate the improvement of CMD in HOCM.
Clinical significance of substrate characteristics and ablation outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and significant functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Bautista Jose Antonio L. , Lin Chin-Yu , Lu Chi-Ting , Lo Li-Wei , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Hu Yu-Feng , Chung Fa-Po , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chao Tze-Fan , Liao Jo-Nan , Chang Ting-Yung , Kuo Ling , Liu Chih-Min , Liu Shin-Huei , Wu Cheng-I , Kuo Ming-Jen , Li Guan-Yi , Huang Yu-Shan , Wu Shang-Ju , Siow Yoon Kee , Son Ngoc Nguyen Dinh , Tran Dat Cao , Chen Shih-Ann
Published: October 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and mitral regurgitation (MR) have a complex interplay. Catheter ablation (CA) of AF may be a potential method to improve the severity of MR in AF patients.

Methods

Patients with symptomatic AF and moderate to severe MR who underwent catheter ablation from 2011 to 2021 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients' baseline characteristics and electrophysiological features were examined. These patients were classified as group 1 with improved MR and group 2 with refractory MR after CA.

Results

Fifty patients (age 60.2 ± 11.6 years, 29 males) were included in the study (32 in group 1 and 18 in group 2). Group 1 patients had a lower CHA2DS2-VASc score (1.7 ± 1.5 vs. 2.7 ± 1.5, P = 0.005) and had a lower incidence of hypertension (28.1% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.007) and diabetes mellitus (3.1% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.031) as compared to group 2 patients. Electroanatomic three-dimensional (3D) mapping showed that group 1 patients demonstrated less scars on the posterior bottom of the left atrium compared to group 2 patients (12.5% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.001). AF recurrence was not different between the two groups. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, a posterior bottom scar in the left atrium independently predicted refractory MR despite successful AF ablation.

Conclusion

Most patients with AF and MR showed improvement of MR after AF ablation. A scar involving the posterior bottom of the left atrium is associated with poor recovery of MR.
Basic digital competences of university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Burgos Carmen , Jorquera Ricardo , Aliaga Verónica , López Eloy
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to compare the digital competences of university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the impact of internet use on these competences, specifically those related to social communication, collaborative learning, as well as information searching and processing. The sample comprised 415 Spanish students who began university studies between 2019 and 2022. The instrument used was the COBADI. The results indicate an increase in internet use to talk with friends in social networks and work with classmates, such as in collaborative homework. In terms of digital competences during the pandemic, there was an increase in competences related to social communication, collaborative learning, and information searching and processing. The study also found that academic and recreational internet use predicted basic digital competences, as determined by a MANCOVA analysis. The role of the pandemic context in increasing basic digital competences in university students is discussed.
Insulin-like growth factors and aging: lessons from Laron syndrome
Authors: Werner Haim , Laron Zvi
Published: October 2023

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling pathway emerged in recent years as a key determinant of aging and longevity. Disruption of this network in different animal species, including flies, nematodes and mouse, was consistently associated with an extended lifespan. Epidemiological analyses have shown that patients with Laron syndrome (LS), the best-characterized disease under the umbrella of the congenital IGF1 deficiencies, seem to be protected from cancer. While aging and cancer, as a rule, are considered diametrically opposite processes, modern lines of evidence reinforce the notion that aging and cancer might, as a matter of fact, be regarded as divergent manifestations of identical biochemical and cellular underlying processes. While the effect of individual mutations on lifespan and health span is very difficult to assess, genome-wide screenings identified a number of differentially represented aging- and longevity-associated genes in patients with LS. The present review summarizes recent data that emerged from comprehensive analyses of LS patients and portrays a number of previously unrecognized targets for GH-IGF1 action. Our article sheds light on complex aging and longevity processes, with a particular emphasis on the role of the GH-IGF1 network in these mechanisms.
A model predictive control strategy for enhancing fault ride through in PMSG wind turbines using SMES and improved GSC control
Authors: Abdelkader Sobhy M. , Morgan Ernest F. , Megahed Tamer F. , Rohouma Wesam , Abdel-Rahim Omar
Published: October 2023

Wind energy has emerged as a prominent player in the realm of renewable energy sources, both in terms of capacity and technological adaptability. Among the various renewable energy technologies, wind turbine generators stand out as the most widely employed. Recently, gearless permanent magnet synchronous generators have gained traction in the wind energy sector due to their appealing features, such as reduced maintenance costs and the elimination of gearboxes. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly concerning the grid-friendly integration of wind turbines, specifically with regard to high voltage ride-through (HVRT) and low voltage ride-through (LVRT) improvements. These challenges pose a threat to grid stability, impede Wind Turbine Generator performance, and may lead to significant damage to wind turbines. To address these concerns, this research proposes an integrated strategy that combines a model predictive control (MPC) superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device with a modified WTG grid-side converter control. By coupling SMES devices to the dc-link of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator WTGs, the proposed approach aims to achieve an overvoltage suppression effect during grid disturbances and provide support for grid reactive power. Through various test scenarios, the feasibility and practicality of this suggested technique are demonstrated.
Uncertainty monitoring and information seeking in non-primate animals: Meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Qu Zhizhen , Shi Lei , So Billy Chun Lung , Yin Jia , Kwok Sze Chai
Published: October 2023

Metacognitive abilities, the capacity to think about one’s own thinking processes, offer a range of advantages that may drive their evolution in non-primate animals (NPAs). These advantages include enhancing adaptive decision-making in uncertain situations, efficient resource management, error detection and correction, and facilitating complex social interactions and problem-solving. In this comprehensive study, we have chosen two key paradigms — namely, uncertainty monitoring and information-seeking tasks — to study metacognitive phenomena in NPAs. The first paradigm involves an extensive meta-analysis of existing research, shedding light on how NPAs monitor and respond to uncertainty. We then transition to the second paradigm, which focuses on information-seeking behaviors, employing a different analytical approach. Our study aims to provide a holistic understanding of these cognitive processes in NPAs, contributing valuable insights into their cognitive complexity and ecological contexts. Through a coverage of 30 articles spanning 13 different NPA species, we bridge gaps in our understanding of metacognition beyond primates and explore potential divergent evolutionary paths, challenging assumptions about cognitive capability in NPAs.
Spatio-temporal variation and conservation priorities of wilderness in Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Li , Fu Jia , Ji Xiaopan , Tan Ping , Li Yike
Published: October 2023

Wilderness plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, and its preservation represents a pivotal objective emphasized in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Nonetheless, wilderness frequently faces threats from the escalating impact of human activities, leading to significant repercussions on diverse ecological processes. Despite the abundance of previous studies on wilderness, there has been a limited focus on the temporal dynamics at the local scale, as well as on identifying the conservation priorities in terms of their ecosystem services. In this study, taking the Lhasa River Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China as an example, the spatio-temporal variations of wilderness were analyzed, and conservation priorities of them were further identified based on ecosystem services. The results revealed a persistent decline in the wilderness from 1990 to 2020, particularly in terms of bare land and grassland. Furthermore, we identified that 33.56% of the remaining wilderness necessitated special attention. These findings offer valuable insights into potential future threats to wilderness and hold critical importance for formulating regional conservation strategies at the local scale.