bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression and Anxiety of Portuguese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study about Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Amaro Pedro , Fonseca César , Afonso Anabela , Jacinto Gonçalo , Gomes Luís , Pereira Hélder , José Helena , Silva Celso , Lima Andreia , Arco Helena , Nabais João , Lopes Manuel , Pereira Anabela , Fragoeiro Isabel , Pinho Lara Guedes
Published: January 2024

Background. The mental health of university students has worsened over time, and it is young people who have suffered the most from the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health. Anxiety and depression are the most common symptoms reported by university students and are often the cause of disabilities, either in academic performance or in other spheres of life. Aim. The aim of this study was to both assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Portuguese university students and analyze the factors associated with these symptoms. Methods. A quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 3,399 university students from seven Portuguese higher education institutions was conducted. The following questionnaires were used: the generalized anxiety disorder assessment scale (GAD-7), the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a study-created sociodemographic questionnaire. The Kendall correlation coefficient, chi-square test of independence, Spearman correlation coefficient, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and Kruskall-Wallis test were used to analyze the association between variables. The statistical analysis was done using the software R Statistics (Version 4.0.4), using a significance level of 0.05. Results. Mild to severe anxiety symptoms were reported by 75% of the participants, and 61.2% described mild to severe depressive symptoms. Of the sample, 19.5% reported a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, with 38.7% diagnosed after the pandemic began. Additionally, 23% reported taking medication for mental health issues, and 26.7% had considered self-harm or harbored thoughts of being “better off dead.” The study found lower anxiety and depressive symptoms (p<0.05) among men, students with higher socioeconomic status, those who frequently traveled home, individuals without prior mental health diagnoses, those with better academic performance, and those who avoided substances like coffee, tobacco, cannabis, and other illegal psychoactive substances. Interestingly, students in romantic relationships exhibited more anxiety symptoms (p<0.05). Moreover, participants who believed they had experienced moral or sexual harassment displayed higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms (p<0.001). Conclusions. There was a decrease in the mental health of university students after the pandemic compared to prepandemic studies, and the proportion of students with anxiety and depressive symptoms was alarming. There is an urgent need to implement programs in universities to promote students’ mental health.
Boosting Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)) Yield through the Use of Different Inter‐Row Spacing and Seeding Rates
Authors: Tasew Wolde , Habte Abera , Laekemariam Fanuel
Published: January 2024

Tef is the major staple cereal crop in Ethiopia. Broadcast method of sowing and lack of site‐specific seeding rates are among the major constraints of tef productivity. In this context, a field experiment was conducted with the aim of optimizing inter‐row spacing and seed rates for better growth and yield of tef in southern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of five levels of seed rates (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 kg ha−1) and four inter‐row spacing (15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) that were combined in factorial arrangement and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Phenology, growth, yield components, and yield data were collected. The results revealed that lodging, main panicle weight, biomass, and grain yield were significantly affected by the interaction effect of inter‐row spacing and seed rates. Seed rate of 2.5 kg ha−1 at 20 cm inter‐row spacing prolonged crop phonology, enhanced tiller formation, and increased panicle and 1,000‐grain weight than other treatments. The maximum grain yield (2,400 kg ha−1) was obtained from the combination 2.5 kg ha−1 seed rate with 20 cm inter‐row spacing. Taking the agronomic and economic advantages, it was concluded that a seed rate of 2.5 kg ha−1 with an inter‐row spacing of 20 cm was suggested for tef growing farmers with similar agroecology of the study area.
Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations: A Safety Screening
Authors: Islam Nazmul , Zamir Rausan , Faruque Md. Omar
Published: January 2024

The present study evaluates the human health risk of metals in locally consumed herbal preparations used to treat diabetes. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used after microwave-assisted digestion to mineralize the samples. Toxic metal assessment was done by adopting mathematical modeling for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks in the exposed population and comparing the raw results with maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by regulatory authorities. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for Fe, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn were recorded above 1. Noncarcinogenic health risks remain in 29% of samples for Fe, 67% of samples for Hg, 17% of samples for Cu, 33% of samples for Pb, and 4% of samples for Zn. Hazard index (HI) values in 33% of samples were above 1. Carcinogenic risks for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni were higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). Carcinogenic health risks exist in 54% of samples for Pb, 58% of samples for Cr, 46% of samples for Cd, and 58% of samples for Ni. MRLs for metals were crossed in samples in varying degrees. This is a harrowing account and may put public health safety at risk. Considering these facts, there should be more investigation into toxic metals in other frequently marketed herbal drugs in the antidiabetic and other therapeutic classes. Pre- and postmarket monitoring strategies for the preparations should also be in place to ensure safe consumption.
Perceptions, Challenges, and Opportunities of Chinese Language Learning in Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan: Exploring the Role of CPEC
Authors: Iftikhar Aisha , Li Cansong , Jiangyu Li , Xi Chen , Tao Wang , Haider Asif Ali
Published: January 2024

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects and Confucius Institutes in Pakistan encourage Chinese language (CL) learning for education, jobs, and other activities. The study explores CL learners’ attitudes, obstacles, and motivations in Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan, and the CPEC’s role in promoting CL education. The research uses a mixed-methods approach to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. The data collection comprised a 5-point Likert scale study with 19 closed-ended and two open-ended questions. Results suggest that both provinces’ students favor CL learning. However, the Mann–Whitney U test indicates Sindh learners’ perspectives, and motivations differ significantly. They generally support CL learning but express concerns about their local language and culture, leading to resistance against foreign language influence in their province. The study illuminates’ student attitudes, obstacles, and motivations in Punjab and Sindh CL learning. The research also explores the potential impact of CPEC on CL education and identifies postproficiency opportunities for learners. These findings influence educational policymakers, language educators, and stakeholders in Pakistan to encourage CL learning. Ultimately, the research is aimed at enhancing CL education in Pakistan, enabling learners to benefit from language proficiency in the context of growing socioeconomic ties between Pakistan and China.
Clinical Characteristics and Nomogram for Predicting Mortality in Patients with Postoperative Bloodstream Infection in Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Xiao Zengli , Sun Yao , Zhao Huiying , An Youzhong
Published: January 2024

Background. Bloodstream infection is amongst the leading causes of mortality for critical postoperative patients. However, data, especially from developing countries, are scary. Clinical decision-making tools for predicting postoperative bloodstream infection-related mortality are important but still lacking. Objective. To analyze the distribution of pathogens and develop a nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with postoperative bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit. Methods. The clinical data, infection and pathogen-related data, and prognosis of patients with PBSI in the SICU from January 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected. The distribution of pathogens and clinical characteristics of patients with PBSI were analyzed. The patients were assigned to a died group and a survived group according to their survival status. Independent predictors for mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. A nomogram for predicting PBSI-related death was developed based on these independent predictors. Calibration and decision-curve analysis were established to evaluate the nomogram. We collected postoperative patients admitted to our center from February 2022 to June 2023 as external validation sets to verify the nomogram. We also add the Brier score to further validate the model. Results. In the training set, 7128 patients admitted to the SICU after different types of surgery were collected. A total of 198 patients and 308 pathogens were finally enrolled. The mean age of patients with PBSI was 64.38 ± 16.22 (range 18–90) years, and 56.1% were male. Forty-five patients (22.7%) died in the hospital. Five independent predictors including BMI, APACHE II score, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine volume in the first 24 hours after surgery, and peak temperature before positive blood cultures were selected to establish the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction model was 0.922. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed good performance of the nomogram. Seventy patients with PBSI were collected as an external validation set, and thirteen patients died in this set. The external validation set was used to validate the nomogram, and the results showed that the AUC was 0.930 which was higher than that in the training set indicating that the nomogram had a good discrimination. The brier score was 0.087 for training set and 0.050 for validation set. Conclusions. PBSI was one of the key issues that clinicians were concerned and could be assessed with a good predictive model using simple clinical factors.
Cereblon-based Bifunctional Degrader of SOS1, BTX-6654, Targets Multiple KRAS Mutations and Inhibits Tumor Growth
Authors: Begovich Kyle , Schoolmeesters Angela , Rajapakse Navin , Martinez-Terroba Elena , Kumar Maneesh , Shakya Arvind , Lai Chon , Greene Steven , Whitefield Brandon , Okano Akinori , Mali Venkat , Huang Shenlin , Chourasia Aparajita H. , Fung Leah
Published: January 2024

Mutations within the oncogene KRAS drive an estimated 25% of all cancers. Only allele-specific KRAS G12C inhibitors are currently available and are associated with the emergence of acquired resistance, partly due to upstream pathway reactivation. Given its upstream role in the activation of KRAS, son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. Agents that target SOS1 for degradation could represent a potential pan-KRAS modality that may be capable of circumventing certain acquired resistance mechanisms. Here, we report the development of two SOS1 cereblon-based bifunctional degraders, BTX-6654 and BTX-7312, cereblon-based bifunctional SOS1 degraders. Both compounds exhibited potent target-dependent and -specific SOS1 degradation. BTX-6654 and BTX-7312 reduced downstream signaling markers, pERK and pS6, and displayed antiproliferative activity in cells harboring various KRAS mutations. In two KRAS G12C xenograft models, BTX-6654 degraded SOS1 in a dose-dependent manner correlating with tumor growth inhibition, additionally exhibiting synergy with KRAS and MEK inhibitors. Altogether, BTX-6654 provided preclinical proof of concept for single-agent and combination use of bifunctional SOS1 degraders in KRAS-driven cancers.
Acceptability of Personalized Lung Cancer Screening Program Among Primary Care Providers
Authors: Resong Paul J. , Niu Jiangong , Duhon Gabrielle F. , Foxhall Lewis E. , Shete Sanjay , Volk Robert J. , Toumazis Iakovos
Published: January 2024

Current lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines rely on age and smoking history. Despite its benefit, only 5%–15% of eligible patients receive LCS. Personalized screening strategies select individuals based on their lung cancer risk and may increase LCS's effectiveness. We assess current LCS practices and the acceptability of personalized LCS among primary care providers (PCP) in Texas. We surveyed 32,983 Texas-based PCPs on an existing network (Protocol 2019-1257; PI: Dr. Shete) and 300 attendees of the 2022 Texas Academy of Family Physicians (TAFP) conference. We analyzed the responses by subgroups of interest. Using nonparametric bootstrap, we derived an enriched dataset to develop logistic regression models to understand current LCS practices and acceptability of personalized LCS. Response rates were 0.3% (n = 91) and 15% (n = 60) for the 2019–1257 and TAFP surveys, respectively. Most (84%) respondents regularly assess LCS in their practice. Half of the respondents were interested in adopting personalized LCS. The majority (66%) of respondents expressed concerns regarding time availability with the personalized LCS. Most respondents would use biomarkers as an adjunct to assess eligibility (58%), or to help guide indeterminate clinical findings (63%). There is a need to enhance the engagement of Texas-based PCPs in LCS. Most of the respondents expressed interest in personalized LCS. Time availability was the main concern related to personalized LCS. Findings from this project highlight the need for better education of Texas-based PCPs on the benefits of LCS, and the development of efficient decision tools to ensure successful implementation of personalized LCS.

Prevention Relevance:

Personalized LCS facilitated by a risk model and/or a biomarker test is proposed as an alternative to existing programs. Acceptability of personalized approach among PCPs is unknown. The goal of this study is to assess the acceptability of personalized LCS among PCPs.
Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Constraints in Patient Pathway and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Cunha Ana S. , Raposo Beatriz , Dias Filipe , Henriques Susana , Martinho Hugo , Pedro Ana R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Respiratory diseases, ranking the third in Portugal, contribute significantly to illness and mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-leading cause of death globally. Identifying high-risk individuals and implementing early treatment is crucial due to the variability of COPD symptoms and exacerbations. This study aimed to identify effective strategies for preventing exacerbations and complications. Methods: A Delphi involving 15 experts was performed. Experts included physicians, nurses, health managers, policymakers, public health experts, and patient organizations. Consensus was achieved at 73.3% for each strategy using a scale ranging from “agree” to “disagree.” Three rounds were conducted to address six questions related to early diagnosis and patient follow-up. Challenges faced by the Portuguese Health System in managing COPD, obstacles in COPD exacerbation diagnosis and management, and effective strategies to overcome barriers were identified in the first round. The second and third rounds involved analyzing the gathered information and voting on each indicator to achieve consensus, respectively. Indicators were categorized into constraints and barriers, and strategies for reducing COPD exacerbations and disease burden. Results: Out of a total of 134 valid indicators generated, 108 achieved consensus. Among the indicators agreed upon by experts, 18 pertained to barriers, challenges, and constraints, while 90 focused on action strategies for COPD. Among the strategies formulated, 25 consensus indicators target prevention strategies, 24 consensus indicators aim to enhance COPD referrals, and 41 consensus indicators focus on mitigating COPD exacerbations and reducing the overall disease burden. Discussion/Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for integrated investment in respiratory healthcare and recognition of the impact of COPD on patients, healthcare systems, and economies. Prevention and appropriate treatment of exacerbations are crucial for effective COPD management and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Experts highlight the importance of improving coordination between different levels of care, integrating information systems, and decentralizing hospital responsibilities. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the importance of individual and collective respiratory health, necessitating investment in health promotion and COPD awareness.
Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Maturation by Arginine Methyltransferase CARM1
Authors: Garbutt Tiffany A. , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Haofei , Ma Hong , Ruan Hongmei , Dong Yanhan , Xie Yifang , Tan Lianmei , Phookan Ranan , Stouffer Joy A. , Vedantham Vasanth , Yang Yuchen , Qian Li , Liu Jiandong
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

During the neonatal stage, the cardiomyocyte undergoes a constellation of molecular, cytoarchitectural, and functional changes known collectively as cardiomyocyte maturation to increase myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Despite the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation, the molecular mechanisms governing this critical process remain largely unexplored.

METHODS:

We leveraged an in vivo mosaic knockout system to characterize the role of
Carm1
, the founding member of protein arginine methyltransferase, in cardiomyocyte maturation. Using a battery of assays, including immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy imaging, and action potential recording, we assessed the effect of loss of
Carm1
function on cardiomyocyte cell growth, myofibril expansion, T-tubule formation, and electrophysiological maturation. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling, H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing were used to investigate the mechanisms by which CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) regulates cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, we interrogated the human syntenic region to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human heart diseases.

RESULTS:

We report that mosaic ablation of
Carm1
disrupts multiple aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation cell autonomously, leading to reduced cardiomyocyte size and sarcomere thickness, severe loss and disorganization of T tubules, and compromised electrophysiological maturation. Genomics study demonstrates that CARM1 directly activates genes that underlie cardiomyocyte cytoarchitectural and electrophysiological maturation. Moreover, our study reveals significant enrichment of human heart disease–associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genomic region syntenic to the H3R17me2a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing peaks.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study establishes a critical and multifaceted role for CARM1 in regulating cardiomyocyte maturation and demonstrates that deregulation of CARM1-dependent cardiomyocyte maturation gene expression may contribute to human heart diseases.
No Evidence for an Association of HIV and Antiviral Treatment With Changes in Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in the Ndlovu Cohort Study
Authors: Verstraeten Rita , Vos‐Seda Alinda G. , Boateng Daniel , Scheuermaier Karine , Tempelman Hugo , Barth Roos E. , Devillé Walter , Coutinho Roel A. , Venter Francois , Grobbee Diederick E. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin
Published: January 2024

Background

HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in high‐income countries. The authors studied the longitudinal association between HIV and ART and nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in a middle‐income country.

Methods and Results

This longitudinal analysis of the NCS (Ndlovu Cohort Study), South Africa used baseline to 36‐month follow‐up data. Demographics, HIV, ART status, and cardiometabolic measures were obtained. FRS was used as a CVD risk measure. Through linear mixed models, FRS trends over time and the association with HIV were studied. Analysis included 1136 participants, with 609 (54%) having HIV, and 495 (81%) taking ART. At baseline, 9.8% of participants had a high FRS. People living with HIV (PLHIV) had a 3.2% lower FRS than HIV‐negative participants (
P
<0.001). FRS increased similarly for both groups over time. Other factors associated with FRS were secondary and higher education (ß value: −0.075,
P
<0.001; ß value: −0.084,
P
<0.001) and alcohol consumption (ß value: 0.011,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

CVD risk increased for all participants over 36 months, suggesting classic risk factors rather than HIV status or ART to be drivers of CVD risk. People living with HIV had a significantly lower FRS than their HIV‐negative counterparts, possibly related to HIV itself or a more frequent interaction with healthcare services. No association of HIV and ART with changes in FRS over 36 months was observed, suggesting the need for research using clinical endpoints to elucidate the effects of HIV and ART on CVD risk. Population‐based prevention of CVD risk factors in sub‐Saharan Africa is warranted, regardless of HIV status.
Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Children Exposed to Smokeless Tobacco in Fetal Life
Authors: Nordenstam Felicia , Norman Mikael , Caidahl Kenneth , Wickström Ronny
Published: January 2024

Background

Arterial stiffening and increased intima‐media thickness can be seen as early as childhood and are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in adult life. The authors hypothesized that exposure to prenatal smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) without additional nicotine exposure after the breastfeeding period would be associated with increased arterial stiffness and intima‐media thickening in preschool children.

Methods and Results

This was a longitudinal follow‐up cohort study of children aged 5 to 6 years exposed to high doses of nicotine in utero. Women exclusively using snus and unexposed controls were enrolled in early pregnancy (gestational age range, 6–12 weeks). Exposure data were collected during and after pregnancy with questionnaires from both groups. For this study, only children of women using >48 mg nicotine per day during their entire pregnancy were included in the exposure group. Outcomes were determined in 40 healthy children (21 exposed to snus in utero). Ultrasonography of the common carotid artery was used to determine carotid intima‐media thickness and calculate arterial stiffness index from the relationship between pulsatile changes in arterial diameter and arterial pressure. Children exposed to snus in fetal life had higher carotid stiffness (median 4.1 [interquartile range (IQR), 2.4–5] versus 2.9 [IQR, 2.1–3.5];
P
=0.014) than tobacco‐free controls. Carotid strain (relative diameter change) was lower in children exposed to snus (mean 16% [SD, 5.7%] versus 21% [SD, 6.6%]) than in controls (
P
=0.015). Carotid intima‐media thickness did not differ significantly between children exposed to snus and controls.

Conclusions

Exposure to snus during fetal life was associated with a stiffer carotid artery in preschool children.
Understanding “Strong Base Plan” (“Strong Base”) in China: Policy Interpretation Perspective
Authors: Li Jian , He Yunshu
Published: January 2024

On January 13, 2020, the Ministry of Education issued the “Opinions of the Ministry of Education on the Pilot Reform of Basic Subject Enrollment in some colleges and Universities” and selected 36 “double first-class” colleges and universities as the pilot, also known as the “Strong Base Plan” and it is positioned at recruitment selection and talent evaluation to explore the school-based characteristics of the top talent training mode of basic disciplines with new recruitment rules. The Strong Base Plan is the result of the selection and training of top innovative talents in basic disciplines. With the deepening of reform and opening, China has explored and practiced the college enrollment system for many times. To fully understand the particularity and universality of the policy of the Strong Base Plan, make it coordinate with other higher education enrollment policies, and jointly act on the selection and training of outstanding talents, is the key and difficult point of current research, and needs to be further explored.
Is FDI from China Goodfor Labour Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Panel Cointegration
Authors: Iheonu Chimere O. , Abia Basil , Okwoche Princewill , Ifelunini Innocent A.
Published: January 2024

China’s political and economic engagement in Africa has increased over the last two decades, resulting in a significant increase in Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI) into the region. In this study, the link between CFDI and the productivity of labour is investigated in 22 sub-Saharan African countries from 2003 to 2020. The study utilised panel cointegration techniques that are suitable in the absence of cross-sectional dependence and take stationarity and long-run relationships into consideration. The findings from the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (OLS) and the fully modified OLS revealed that CFDI is important for driving labour productivity in the long run. In the short run, however, the study finds no significant influence of CFDI on labour productivity. Further findings reveal that CFDI Granger causes labour productivity. Additionally, the study finds that capital per labour is a necessity for boosting the productivity of labour in the region. The study recommends that African countries strengthen investment promotion agencies that actively facilitate CFDI and also negotiate favourable trade and investment agreements with China that promote technology transfer and skills development.

JEL Codes: C23, F21, J24
Validation of a Tamil Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Raman Kalpana , Siegert Richard J. , Bharatharaj Jaishankar , Krägeloh Christian U.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Various assessment tools that explore and assess mindfulness are available. Keeping in view both the origin of and the literature surrounding mindfulness assessment tools, this study aimed to evaluate the workability of one widely researched tool, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), for establishing cross-cultural generalizability and utility in the Indian context.

Methods:

We recruited 303 adults over 18 with proficiency in the Tamil language and no history of significant neurological trauma and/or psychiatric history. They completed a version of the 39-item FFMQ, which we had translated into Tamil (FFMQ-T). The psychometric properties of this scale were tested using the Partial-Credit model of Rasch analysis.

Results:

Iterative Rasch analysis could not resolve consistent misfit of the Observe facet items. Using a subtest approach, a higher-order fit of the FFMQ-T could be achieved after the deletion of additional items from each of the remaining four facets. The resulting final model for the FFMQ-T questionnaire was a four-factor solution with 22 items.

Conclusions:

This study concluded the usability of the new 22-item FFMQ-T. These results are not dissimilar to the other versions in similar populations, such as the Hindi version of the FFMQ. The ordinal-to-interval conversion tables provided here ensure that the FFMQ-T can be used with enhanced precision and parametric statistics.
Quantitative Measurement of Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness in Infrazygomatic Crest Area at Different Alveolar Bone Heights and Insertion Angles of Infrazygomatic Crest Screws: A CBCT Study
Authors: Nazir Sheikh Zahid
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Skeletal anchorage devices for the efficient orthodontic treatment mechanics can be placed at various interradicular and extraradicular sites intra orally. However, their placement in the infrazygomatic crest area can broaden the horizon of orthodontic treatment. The bone thickness in the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) area can vary at different heights and insertion angles during the placement of IZC screws between maxillary second premolar and second molar region.

Aims and objectives

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the variation in bone thickness in the IZC area at different insertion angles along the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and at different heights from the crest of the alveolar bone in the apical direction between maxillary second premolar and second molar region using cone beam computed tomography, so as to determine the best possible site where the bone thickness will be maximum that will suit to a particular size of IZC screw.

Materials and Methods

CBCT images of 50 subjects were analyzed by a single observer, the bone thickness in the IZC area was measured and interpreted at different heights from the alveolar crest in the apical direction, that is, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 11 mm at six regions between maxillary second premolar and second molar. Bone thickness was also measured at different insertion angles ranging from 55º to 75º to occlusal plane of permanent maxillary first molar along its mesiobuccal root.

Results

The bone thickness in the IZC area was 4.5 mm–3.5 mm, when it was measured at different angles ranging from 55º to 75º to the occlusal plane of maxillary first molar along its mesiobuccal root with maximum bone thickness at 75° with a mean ± SD of 4.56 ± 1.4. Statistically significant differences in bone thickness were found between maxillary first and second molar on both right and left sides at different heights with maximum bone thickness at 11 mm apical from the alveolar crest with a mean ± SD of 2.03 ± 0.76 and 1.91 ± 0.88, respectively, and along the mesial root of maxillary second molar on right and left sides at 11 mm apical from the alveolar crest with a mean ± SD of 2.12 ± 0.80 and 1.95 ± 0.75, respectively.

Conclusions

The best site and safe zone for miniscrew insertion in IZC area is at 7 mm to 9 mm distance from the alveolar crest apically along the mesial root of maxillary second molar and at an angle of 55°–75º to the occlusal plane of maxillary first molar, so as to ensure the adequate stability of the miniscrew and without causing any damage to the adjacent anatomical structures.
“Not Sure How to Approach Them the Right Way”: Nondisabled Students’ Perspectives on Friendship With Peers With I/DD
Authors: Rossetti Zach
Published: January 2024

Friendships are personally valuable and developmentally important relationships for all people, yet friendships between students with and without intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (I/DD) remain infrequent, even in inclusive settings. Extant research indicates that opportunity barriers may play a more prominent role in friendship development than the social skills of students with I/DD. Furthermore, friendships are reciprocal and mutual relationships involving two or more people. Thus, I situated this study within the social context for friendship rather than focusing only on the skills—and presumed deficits—of students with I/DD. As peers without disabilities are an integral part of that social context, I examined nondisabled students’ perspectives on friendship via four focus group interviews with 44 first to eleventh graders in several schools in the northeastern United States. Thematic findings indicated that students with I/DD were not viewed as potential friends and that students with and without I/DD had few opportunities to interact authentically.
Determining Factors of Eco-innovation Adoption: An Empirical Study of Micro- and Small Enterprises in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Sichoongwe Kiru
Published: January 2024

Eco-innovation (EI) is a typical innovation that is beneficial to the environment. It is seen as a necessary step that positively contributes to the worldwide fight against carbon emissions. It is a crucial component for achieving sustainable development, and improving environmental and economic performance. This study investigates what drives micro- and small enterprises (MSEs) to adopt environmental innovation technologies in Johannesburg, South Africa. An econometric model is used in the study to examine a total of 1,021 MSEs. The probit findings show that environmental tax, government subsidies, and research and development activities have a positive influence on EI adoption. Also, adoption of EI is dependent on the successful application of non-EIs (e.g., innovation on new products, innovation on improved products and innovation on improved services) by enterprises. The article concludes with policy implications.
Does Employer Branding Shake Application Intentions of Potential Employees?
Authors: Verma Subir , Kaur Rajwinder , Bhasin Nidhi Kapoor
Published: January 2024

Companies are actively engaged in the pursuit of acquiring highly skilled candidates, referred to as the ‘war for talent’ leveraging their reputations to attract such individuals ( Schaarschmidt et al., 2021 ). However, the extent to which these efforts have yielded positive outcomes remains a matter of inquiry. This study aims to determine the degree to which applicants’ intentions to apply for job positions within an organization are affected by their perception of the employer brand. Specifically, the objective is to identify the most significant component that affects candidates’ Intention to Apply. This study empirically assesses employer branding and Application Intentions among potential employees. Data were collected from a sample of 210 MBA students who graduated from one of India’s top business schools. The collected data were analysed using PLS-SEM software. The findings reveal that an organization’s employer brand significantly influences potential employees’ Intention to Apply. Furthermore, the components of the employer brand, namely, Job Role (tasks), Compensation and Benefits, Organizational Culture, and Job Security, International Assignments emerged as the influential factors driving candidates’ Intention to Apply. It is worth noting that studies of this nature among MBA graduates from business schools are scarce. The insights gained from this study can assist managers in formulating action plans to enhance an organization’s image as a desirable employer.
A Retrospective of Women Entrepreneurship Research and Future Research Directions
Authors: Iqbal Sahar , Farrukh Muhammad , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: January 2024

Entrepreneurship, and especially the involvement of women, is crucial to the advancement of the economy and society as a whole. By using bibliometric analysis, this article gives a thorough review of contemporary research on women’s entrepreneurship. This study examines a variety of factors, including countries, academic publications, authors and suggested areas for further research. The study’s objectives are to guide future research, educate policymakers and serve as a resource for researchers interested in furthering the study of women’s entrepreneurship and its societal implications.
Heuristic Biases and Investment Decision-making of Stock Market Investors: A Review Paper
Authors: Shah Bisma , Butt Khursheed Ahmad
Published: January 2024

This article builds a theoretical and research framework by identifying numerous behavioural biases in investing decision-making through a survey of research publications in the field of behavioural finance. It outlines some of the early research that helped establish behavioural finance as a field of study and shows how it has developed through time. The purpose of the article is to carry a systematic review of the literature on heuristic biases, namely overconfidence, representativeness, anchoring, availability and gambler’s fallacy influencing stock market investment decisions, identifying the major gaps in the existing studies on behavioural biases. It also aims to raise specific questions for future research. In the present study, systematic literature review (SLR) technique has been employed. By looking at the research’s year of publication, the journal of publishing, the country of study, the type of study and the statistical methods employed, one can determine the relevance of the study. On the basis of keyword searches for ‘behavioural finance’ in various published journals, conference proceedings, working papers and some other published publications, the research papers are analysed. For the purpose of creating this article, research papers from the earliest studies (1970) to the most recent publications (2022) have been gathered over a period of years. The study also highlights some of the most recent research carried out in this area. The current study is based on 131 selected research papers that were published in reputable journals between 1970 and 2022. A significant portion of the body of literature on behavioural biases highlights the dearth of this type of study in emerging nations; increase in the number of studies after behavioural finance was applied to investment decision-making, the predominance of empirical research; the widespread use of regression analysis; the prevalence of studies on overconfidence bias and the dearth of studies on availability bias and gamblers fallacy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the article is a pioneering work in the field of behavioural finance to employ SLR method for a considerable span of time (1970–2022) and to evaluate all the heuristic biases involved in investment decision-making. The present research study is an integration of SLR and bibliometric analysis. The publications’ patterns have been revealed, and the relationships between different types of literature have shed information on the direction that further research should go in.
Capital Dairy and Livestock: Buffalo Versus Cow Decision
Authors: Chaudhry Hassan Rauf , Abidin Syed Zain ul
Published: January 2024

This case delves into the entrepreneurial journey of a dairy business owner, shedding light on the intricacies of the dairy industry within the Pakistani market. It provides a comprehensive overview of the dairy business’s value chain and delves into the life cycle of cattle used for milking. The case also offers insights into the operational aspects of managing a cattle farm and the requisite business systems. Emphasizing the vital components of cattle farm management and the evolving business landscape, it elucidates the crucial roles played by farm workers and the necessary systems for efficient management.

Furthermore, the case furnishes valuable information regarding the economics of running a cattle farm, highlighting key cost factors such as food and overhead expenses. The revenue side of the business is intricately linked with the farm management practices, specifically focusing on the yield. The case concludes with the entrepreneur’s desire to reevaluate their business model, shifting from buffalo milk to the exploration of the dynamics involved in the cow milk business.
Granulomas in Pediatric Liver Biopsies: Single Center Experience
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad , Lei Guang-Sheng , Relich Ryan F. , Jarasvaraparn Chaowapong , Tolliver Kyla M. , Molleston Jean P. , González Iván A.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Granulomas in pediatric liver biopsies (GPLB) are rare with the largest pediatric cohort reported over 25 years ago.

Methods:

Single-center retrospective study of GPLB.

Results:

Seventeen liver biopsies from 16 patients with granulomas were identified (9 boys, 56%) with a median age of 13 years (range: 1–18) for which the most common indication was the presence of a nodule/mass (47%). Significant comorbidities were seen in 13 patients (81%) and included: liver transplant (25%), history of a neoplasm (25%), autoimmune hepatitis (6%), Crohn disease (6%), bipolar disorder (6%), severe combined immunodeficiency (6%), and sickle cell disease (6%). Eleven patients were taking multiple medications at the time of biopsy. Granulomas were more commonly pan-acinar (11 cases) followed by subcapsular (4 cases), portal (1 case), and periportal (1 case). Necrosis was seen in 10 cases (59%). GMS stain was positive in 2 cases for Histoplasma-like yeast; microbiological cultures were negative in all cases (no: 4). A 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed in 15 cases revealed only 1 with a pathogenic microorganism, Mycobacterium angelicum.

Conclusion:

In our experience, GPLB are heterogenous with only 3 cases having an identifiable infectious etiology and many of the remaining cases being associated to multiple medications, suggesting drug-induced liver injury as possible etiology.
Teachers on the Move: Understanding the New Model of Virtual Mobility Through the Case Study of a Russian University
Authors: Wadhwa Rashim , Shcheglova Daria , Opfer Evgenia , Garmonova Anna
Published: January 2024

Virtual mobility has emerged as a new tool for the internationalization of higher education with the advent of information and communication technology in the current scenario. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the landscape of global higher education has altered significantly. In that situation, when physical academic mobility became impossible, the Higher School of Economics, one of the leading universities in Russia, ran a unique digital internship programme for teaching staff from regional universities. In the logic of the digital identity model and push–pull model, the present research has analysed the profiles and motivation letters of 398 teachers from 73 Russian universities which took part in 15 internship programmes since March 2020. The present study fills a gap in the literature by examining how motivation and reasons for participation in virtual mobility may trigger the reduction of inequality in higher education. The findings of the present study revealed that the main reasons highlighted by the teachers for taking part in virtual internship programmes are mostly external and connected with the current tasks imposed by the Ministry of Higher Education and University management. Internal reasons are true mostly for teaching track when teachers are the agents of creating modern pedagogical methods for their courses. Thus, university teaching staff do not feel themselves as the drivers of change. The environment at the higher education level is not ready yet for significant changes.
The Battle Within: Unveiling the Psychological Struggles of Erectile Dysfunction—A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Kumar Pardeep , Malik Yogender Kumar , Ray Adwitiya , Sethi Sujata , Gupta Rajiv
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has a profound impact not only on sexual functioning but also on the well-being and self-esteem of an individual. Men with ED frequently encounter psychological distress in their relationships, including challenges in discussing ED, feelings of guilt, denial, depression, anger, decreased self-confidence, and self-esteem issues.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 60 participants with ED. Basic sociodemographic and clinical profile data were collected using a self-designed performa. The PGI General Well-Being Measure Scale (Hindi version) was used to assess the general well-being of the participants. The Stress Coping Behavior Scale (Hindi adaptation) was applied to measure stress-coping behavior in patients diagnosed with ED. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Hindi version) was used to evaluate individual self-esteem.

Results:

Majority of the participants fell within the age range of 21 to 40 years. They were predominantly married, employed, with a graduate level of education, and belonged to the middle socioeconomic class. Majority of the individuals experiencing ED exhibited a moderate level of general well-being, a moderate level of self-esteem, and utilized both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies.

Conclusion:

A proper and detailed understanding of the psychosocial impact of ED will facilitate holistic treatment and improve mental well-being and overall life satisfaction.
Reconceptualizing the Application of Infrahyoid Flap in the Era of Free Flaps in a Developing Country
Authors: Sami Abdus , Arora Sowrabh Kumar , Tyagi Amit , Mathew Nancy , Roshan Zohaib , Ahmad Rizwan
Published: January 2024

Objective: To review our clinical experience with infrahyoid myocutaneous flap which is often overlooked in the reconstruction of small to medium-sized tongue, floor of mouth, lower alveolus and gingivobuccal sulcus primary defects.

Method: A retrospective study of 12 patients of squamous cell carcinoma involving the tongue, floor of mouth, mandibular gingivobuccal sulcus and alveolus was done in patients who underwent infrahyoid flap as an alternative to free radial forearm flap. This study was conducted in the Tertiary Care Institute. The study included patients treated between March 2020 to May 2021. Patients with T4 and N3 disease, recurrence cases, post-radiation, and chemo-radiation cases who refused to participate in the study were excluded.

Results: Out of 12 patients, two patients developed partial flap necrosis. One patient developed a hematoma under the flap and one patient had a neck suture gaping. Postoperative results were found to be phenomenal after one month in all patients.

Conclusion: The infrahyoid flap is a dependable, less arduous, and economical option for small to medium-sized defects of the oral cavity. It can be advised as a possible substitute for free flap reconstruction, especially in a developing country where resources are limited.
Diabetes-induced male infertility: potential mechanisms and treatment options
Authors: Huang Runchun , Chen Jiawang , Guo Buyu , Jiang Chenjun , Sun Weiming
Published: January 2024

Male infertility is a physiological phenomenon in which a man is unable to impregnate a fertile woman during a 12-month period of continuous, unprotected sexual intercourse. A growing body of clinical and epidemiological evidence indicates that the increasing incidence of male reproductive problems, especially infertility, shows a very similar trend to the incidence of diabetes within the same age range. In addition, a large number of previous in vivo and in vitro experiments have also suggested that the complex pathophysiological changes caused by diabetes may induce male infertility in multiple aspects, including hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis dysfunction, spermatogenesis and maturation disorders, testicular interstitial cell damage erectile dysfunction. Based on the above related mechanisms, a large number of studies have focused on the potential therapeutic association between diabetes progression and infertility in patients with diabetes and infertility, providing important clues for the treatment of this population. In this paper, we summarized the research results of the effects of diabetes on male reproductive function in recent 5 years, elaborated the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of male infertility induced by diabetes, and reviewed and prospected the therapeutic measures.