bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When AI Meets Advertising: The Potential of Misleading and Regulatory Framework on Consumer Protection
Authors: Al Kautsar Izzy , Sulistiyono Adi , Muryanto Yudho Taruno
Published: November 2024

This essay examines AI Advertising in the context of consumer protection. It reviews how is the impact of artificial intelligence on consumer protection and how can the Regulatory Framework on Consumer Protection counteract Misleading Information by AI. This paper analyses regulatory Framework on Consumer Protection when faces AI Advertising. This study uses normative methods with conceptual and statutory approach. This research suggests that Indonesian regulations should define AI’s legal status and liability to ensure legal clarity. Law enforcement focuses on numerous areas to prepare for AI Advertising. The legislation should cover many promotional activities, reevaluating puffery legal rules may be necessary due to the growth of AI Advertising, and the law should interpret more broadly, this safeguards consumers against technology advances.
Uncovering Status and Legality of Digital Rupiah as Legal Tender: Using Dignified Justice Theory
Authors: Kameo Jeferson , Prasetyo Teguh , Janpieter Hutajulu Marihot , Rawni Arndarnijariah Faqi , Nur Chika Amitha Exsa
Published: November 2024

Modern digital and telecommunication technologies have been and will continue to be factors in the emergence of innovative products such as the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) called Rupiah Digital. However, the plan to issue Digital Rupiah is not without problems. Primarily, the problem is related to the clarity of the legal status of Digital Rupiah as a legal tender. Using normative legal research methods, this study finds that Article 23B of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has not explicitly regulated digital currencies. There is a rechtsvacuum of the legal tender status of Digital Rupiah at the constitutional level. Besides legally, no regulations regarding status of legal tender of Digital Rupiah in its equality with Paper (bank notes) and Metal Rupiah. However, this research has found a new Act supporting the status and legality of legal tender of Digital Rupiah. The legal theory that navigated the findings of CBDC’s legal regulatory framework is the Dignified Justice theory. Under the Dignified Justice theory, despite the inevitable need for comparative law, Pancasila must still be the source of all legal sources for the existence of the Digital Rupiah.
A Legal Protection Study of Intellectual Property Rights Infringement Committed by the Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bratajaya Maria Magdalena Astrina
Published: November 2024

The advent of artificial intelligence has led to the development of sophisticated tools and systems that are capable of performing tasks that were previously the exclusive domain of humans. The utilization of AI in the context of intellectual property rights also raises questions regarding the ownership of the rights to the work produced by the AI system. The research uses a normative-juridical approach to examine AI’s legal standing in intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement and protection against AI-related infringements. It analyzes laws like the Electronic Information and Technology Act and the Copyright Act through statutory and conceptual approaches, aiming to clarify how current legal frameworks address AI’s role in IPR and protect rights holders. The outcome of this study addresses the position of AI under Indonesian positive law concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights protection, which lacks legal certainty. Consequently, it is imperative to impose specific limitations on the utilization of artificial intelligence in order to prevent infringement of registered intellectual property rights. The legal protection against intellectual property rights infringement by artificial intelligence encompasses both preventive and repressive measures.
Effect of hybridization on the superconductivity of transition metals
Authors: Morozov A. I.
Published: November 2024

Effects of s- and d-electron hybridization in a transition metal are considered. It is shown that when the Fermi level is close to the intersection point of the bands, superconductivity is due to the electron-phonon interaction of s-electrons. An expression is obtained for the superconducting transition temperature in case of weak coupling.
Critical magnetic fields of distorted gallium films
Authors: Lazarev B. G. , Semenenko E. E. , Tutov V. I.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents results of an investigation of critical magnetic fields of gallium films freshly condensed on a substrate cooled to the temperature of liquid helium and also annealed to 60°K. The thickness of the film is ∼ 150 Å. It is found that the transverse critical magnetic field in freshly condensed films is ∼ 105 Oe for Tk ∼ 8.3 °K, i.e., HK1(O) ∼ 1.2 × 104TK. The function HK⊥ (T) deviates considerably from a linear law; this is probably connected with the multiphase nature of the gallium films. The values of the critical magnetic field after annealing to 60 °K are slightly reduced, and the superconducting transition curve in this case is more smeared.
Effect of saturation with helium atoms and subsequent annealing on the structure and superconducting properties of niobium
Authors: Volkov M. P. , Sokurskii Yu. N. , Tsypkin S. I. , Chuev V. I. , Shishov V. N.
Published: November 2024

The structure and superconducting properties of niobium foils, uniformly saturated with helium atoms up to a concentration of 0.5 at.% by injection in an electrostatic accelerator were investigated. It is shown that both saturation wih helium and subsequent annealing leads to an increase of Hc2, jc and to the appearance of a “peak-effect” on the jc(H) curves. Annealing of the irradiated samples up to 800−1000°C leads to a drop of the ratio of the electrical resistances and to a reduction of Hc2 (Tc is varying insignificantly). After annealing at 900°C and above, gas bubbles appear, which are accompanied by an increase of jc.
Oscillations of the electron liquid in thin metallic films
Authors: Kondrat’ev A. S. , Kuchma A. E. , Meilanov R. P. , Émirov M. B.
Published: November 2024

A microscopic approach is used to formulate the transport equations for the electron Fermi liquid in thin metallic films. The spectrum of collective excitations associated with transitions between the different energy subbands in the film is investigated.
Method of finding the ground state of a ferromagnet in the presence of an antiferromagnetic impurity with arbitrary spin
Authors: Peresada V. I. , Afanas’ev V. N. , Borovikov V. S.
Published: November 2024

A Heisenberg ferromagnet with an antiferromagnetic impurity with arbitrary values of the host and impurity spins is considered. A method is proposed for finding the ground state of such systems by using the apparatus of Jacobian matrices. Numerical computations are performed as an example for a ferromagnet with a simple cubic lattice and host spin S = 1/2, 1 and impurity spin S′ = 1. The ground state energy and wave function are found as functions of the system parameters.
Formation of quantized vortices in narrow superconducting film bridges
Authors: Musienko L. E. , Volotskaya V. G.
Published: November 2024

The features of vortex formation in narrow superconducting bridges in magnetic fields perpendicular to the film surface are studied. The dependence of the critical currents on the magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that a threshold field exists for penetration of the vortices. The critical current is a pair-breaking current in magnetic fields smaller than the threshold field. Starting with he field H1 whose magnitude is determined by the specimen width and is described by the expression H1∼Φ0/w2, fluctuations related to the penetration of magnetic flux vortices into the film appear in the function Ic(H).
Kinetic properties of superfluid He3
Authors: Geilikman B. T. , Chechetkin V. R.
Published: November 2024

A model is proposed for calculation of the helium–helium interaction cross section. Collision integrals for A- and B-phases of superfluid are obtained within the framework of this model and then used to calculate the temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity and thermal conductivity.
Josephson effect in superconductive bridges: microscopic theory
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Omel’yanchuk A. N.
Published: November 2024

A theory is developed for the stationary Josephson effect in superconductive constrictions (microbridges).The theory is based on the microscopic Eilenberger equations and is valid for arbitrary temperatures 0<T<Tc. The current-phase relationships I(Q) and critical current Ic(T) obtained differ from the corresponding expressions for a tunnel junction. The difference is greatest at low temperatures and for limitingly pure bridges. In the pure limit l≫a (where l is the free path length; a is the orifice radius) the current is expressed by the formula I(φ)=πΔ0(T)eRNsin(φ/2) th Δn(T)cos(φ/2)2T. The critical current of a pure microbridge at t = 0 is twice the critical current of a tunnel junction with the same normal resistance RN, and the phase-current relationship at the points Q = ±π is discontinuous. The properties of microbridges in the pure (l≫a) and dirty (l≪a) limits are compared.
Disorder and one-electron spectrum in a linear chain
Authors: Gor’kov L. P. , Dorokhov O. I.
Published: November 2024

Characteristic features of the electronic density of states of slightly disordered one-dimensional conducting systems are studied. It is shown that singularities in the density of states appear only in the case of half-filled bands and for specific types of the scattering potential. A similar problem is solved for systems with Peierls distortion superstructures. The relation of this problem to properties of several organic compounds is discussed.
Magnetic state of certain iron–chromium–nickel alloys at low temperatures
Authors: ll’ichev V. Ya. , Klimenko I. N. , Khats’ko E. N.
Published: November 2024

The magnetic state of three laboratory alloys of iron, chromium, and 8−25% nickel is examined on the basis of measurement data pertaining to the temperature dependence of their magnetic susceptibility. It is shown that the magnetic state of these iron–chromium–nickel alloys can be described in terms of simultaneous negative and positive exchange interaction between atoms. As the temperature drops, there appear in the alloy superparamagnetic clusters which strongly affect the magnetic susceptibility of the alloy at low temperatures. An increase of the nickel content from 8 to 25%, with the chromium content remaining 18%, results in a change of the magnetic state of these alloys at low temperatures from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic.
Quantum interference and the Josephson effect in Nb3AI
Authors: Tsoi G. M. , Chetayev M. P. , Shnyrkov B. I. , Dmitrenko I. M.
Published: November 2024

The paper reports the experimental observation of an ac Josephson effect in Nb3Al as well as superconducting quantum interference in the temperature range 14−17 °K.
Three-dimensional analog of the Tomonaga model of a system of interacting Fermi particles
Authors: Antsygina T. N. , Slyusarev V. A.
Published: November 2024

A model is proposed for a system of interacting Fermi particles which is a three-dimensional analog of the Tomonaga model. The thermodynamic functions and particle momentum distribution functions are computed. It is shown that, in contrast to the one-dimensional Tomonaga model, the jump in the distribution function on the Fermi surface is conserved in the three-dimensional case. The possibility of describing the properties of He3 in superfluid He4 within the framework of the proposed model is discussed.
A phase transition in solid deuterium (e-D2)
Authors: Bereznyak N. G. , Sheinina A. A.
Published: November 2024

The solidification lines of deuterium of equilibrium ortho–para composition are measured over the temperature range from the vapor–liquid–crystal triple point to 20 °K. An inflection was observed in the solidification line which indicates the existence of a polymorphic transition in solid deuterium in the premelting region.
A 2 1/2-order electron phase transition in bismuth under tension
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Kul’bachinskii V. A. , Minina N. Ya.
Published: November 2024

Changes in the Fermi surface of bismuth under strong uniaxial tension to deformations of up to approximately 0.8% along the bisector axis were investigated. A 2 1/2 order electron phase transition which was observed involved the disappearance of one of the three electron “ellipsoids” of the Fermi surface.
A possibility of raising the critical temperature of superconductors
Authors: Lomonosov V. V. , Malov Yu. A. , Smilga V. P.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that a superconducting state with a high critical temperature can be induced in the subsurface layer when the metal surface adsorbs light-weight metal atoms. Systems are proposed for experimental verification of the theoretical results.
Dipole plasma oscillations and Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons
Authors: Kotel’nikov Yu. E.
Published: November 2024

Dipole plasma oscillations in molecular crystals1 under conditions of Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons are investigated by means of the double-time temperature Green’s function method. Unlike the linear dispersion law of dipole plasma oscillations, obtained without allowance for Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons,1 in the present case the spectrum of dipole plasma oscillations has a gap, similarly to plasmons in the electron gas. The gap is proportional to the exciton concentration in the condensate, and corresponds to a frequency of the order of 10 GHz. This effect can be detected by measuring the resonance absorption of VHF-oscillations in molecular crystals at low temperatures in the laser pumping regime.
Metamagnetic dielectrics at finite temperatures
Authors: Akhiezer I. T.
Published: November 2024

Anomalous metamagnets are studied, i.e., magnetically ordered crystals with the following phase sequence as the external magnetic field increases: collinear antiferromagnet, collinear ferrimagnet, ferromagnet. A variant of the Hubbard model is used; the interaction between the magnetic electrons is described by using a self-consistent field. The temperature dependence of quantities characterizing the metamagnet is investigated in the range from the zero to the Néel temperature.
Electron-diffraction analysis of solidified CH4−O2 mixtures
Authors: Kovalenko S. I. , Solodovnik A. A.
Published: November 2024

The structure of solidified methane–oxygen mixtures is studied by the transmission electron diffraction technique. It is shown that in the given system there is practically no solubility in the solid phase. Analysis of the electron-diffraction patterns obtained showed that diffusion is appreciably suppressed in layers which constitute a mechanical mixture of the two components. This results in the recrystallization process being inhibited and the fine-grained or amorphous state being retained up to high temperatures.
Surface waves in a laminar crystal
Authors: Gel’fgat N. M. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: November 2024

A modification of Rayleigh waves in laminar structures is studied within the framework of elasticity theory. In particular, it is shown that surface waves can penetrate the medium to a distance greatly exceeding the wavelength.
Josephson effect in structures with nontunnel conductivity
Authors: Zorin A. B. , Likharev K. K.
Published: November 2024

A model of a Josephson junction with indirect conductivity is considered in which an impermeable barrier separating the superconductors contains a large quantity of small (kFa⪡ 1) orifices. It is shown that in such a structure the Josephson effect is described well by the well known theory previously developed for tunnel junctions.
Size effect in the resistivity of ruthenium and rhenium single crystals
Authors: Volkenshtein N. V. , Dyakina V. P. , Dyakin V. V. , Startsev V. E. , Azhazha V. M. , Kovtun G. P. , Elenskii V. A.
Published: November 2024

A study has been made of the anisotropy of the size effect in the resistivity of high-impurity ruthenium and rhenium single crystals at 4.2°K; the results are interpreted via existing models for the Fermi surfaces of these metals and the theory of the anisotropy of the size effect.
Low temperature phase transitions in RbDy(MoO4)2 and KDy(WO4)2
Authors: Skorobogatova I. V. , Zvyagin A. I.
Published: November 2024

Spectroscopic measurements have been made on tetragonal crystals with the scheelite structure of LiR(MoO4) (R = Pr+3, Tb+3, Dy+3 Er+3), as well as on orthorhombic layered-structure crystals of CsPr(MoO4)2, CsTb(MoO4)2, KTb(MoO4)2, RbDy(MoO4)2, and monoclinic crystals of KDy(WO4)2 and KEr(WO4)2 over the temperature range from room temperature down to about 1.5°K over a wavelength range of 1−25 μ in a search for low-temperature phase transitions in rare-earth double molybdates and tungstates. Structural phase transitions have been observed for the dysprosium compounds RbDy(MoO4)2 and KDy(WO4)2 at about 20 and about 10°K, respectively. It is suggested that these phase transitions can be interpreted as due to a cooperative Jahn–Teller effect.
Pressure-induced magnetic ordering of an organic radical
Authors: Buchachenko A. L. , Kozhukhar’ A. Yu. , Prokhorov A. D. , Tsintsadze G. A. , Chernysh L. F.
Published: November 2024

A new microwave absorption spectrum of the organic radical DPPH−C6H6 indicating antiferromagnetic ordering of the spin system is detected at helium temperatures in the domain of ultrahigh pressures (P≥ 76 kbar).
Discontinuous plastic deformation of polycrystalline aggregates at low temperatures
Authors: Zhitomirskii I. S. , Nechiporenko I. N.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical explanation is proposed for the discontinuous flow of plastic deformations in metals at low temperatures. A mathematical model of the process is developed on the basis of plasticity-theory concepts, taking account of the heat liberation in the sample and the intensity of the heat transfer with the surrounding medium. The condition for the appearance of discontinuous deformation is obtained, together with the magnitude, time, and form of the discontinuity. The results are compared with the available experimental data.
Influence of shortwave surface excitations of liquid helium on damping effects in a two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that two-ripplon radiation processes of shortwave excitation can turn out to be the fundamental energy relaxation mechanism of surface electrons in helium under different nonequilibrium conditions. The contribution of these processes to the excited Landau level width and the momentum and energy collision frequency of a two-dimensional electron gas is calculated. It is also shown that in the presence of a roton section in the spectrum of the surface excitations, the width of excited Landau levels is a non monotonic function of the magnetic field intensity H and has a singularity at certain values of H. The possibility of using the results obtained to investigate the surface excitation spectrum of liquid helium is studied.
A model of real superconducting point contacts
Authors: Divin Yu. Ya , Nad’ F. Ya.
Published: November 2024

A model of real superconducting point contacts is proposed based on the experimental studies of superconducting point contact properties in the resistance range 105−10−1 Ω and on a comparison with the structural properties of the contacts. According to this model, the contact is a parallel connection of a tunnel junction whose conductivity is due to quasiparticles, and a microshort jumper with Josephson properties. Within the framework of the proposed model, good agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical temperature dependences of the contact’s critical current, and the observed dependence of the contact characteristic voltage Vc on the contact resistance is explained.
Anomalies in the electrical properties of thin films of bismuth–antimony alloys
Authors: Komnik Yu. F. , Nikitin Yu. V. , Bukhshtab E. I.
Published: November 2024

Changes in the electrical resistivity, the magnetoresistivity coefficient, and the Hall coefficient with varying film thickness (from 400 to 12000 Å) were studied at 4.2°K on epitaxially grown Bi1−xSbx alloys with certain fixed compositions (x = 0, 0.011, 0.023, 0.035, 0.06, 0.075, 0.111, 0.142). The established relations reveal an anomalous dimensional effect which matches the anomalous changes in the electrical properties of Bi1−x Sbx alloy films described earlier in Part 1 of this report and which indicates the absence of a transition to the semiconducting state when x ≥ 0.065. It is shown that these anomalies are largely due to the boundedness of one of the specimen dimensions, and they are explained on the basis of a model which takes into account curving of the film potential at the surface. {Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 4, 1007 (1978)[Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 4, 474(1978)}
Theory of spin and spin-orbital magnetic susceptibility of cadmium alloys
Authors: Vorontsov S. A.
Published: November 2024

The spin and spin-orbital contributions of states in the neighborhood of the vertical edge of the Brillouin zone to the magnetic susceptibility of cadmium alloys are calculated. Although the absolute value of these components is small compared to the orbital contribution, taking them into account can turn out to be necessary for a detailed analysis of the band structure of cadmium alloys by using the magnetic susceptibility.
On the possibility of detecting condensate flows in an excitonic dielectric
Authors: Shevchenko S. I.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that condensate flows in an excitonic dielectric transfer charge and mass in the presence of a magnetic field. However, this transfer only occurs in the surface layer.
The theory of longitudinal sound attenuation in superconductors with paramagnetic impurities
Authors: Galaiko V. P. , Glushchuk N. I.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the nonequilibrium processes associated with the propagation of a longitudinal sound wave in a superconductor with a low concentration of paramagnetic impurities (Δτ⪢ 1, Δτs⪢ 1). The longitudinal electric fields produced in this case affect the “mixing,” specific to superconductors, of the electron and hole branches of the energy spectrum. The magnetic impurities, oscillating with the lattice, on the one hand, produce a kinetic effect, namely, drag of the normal electrons and slippage of the superconducting condensate, and on the other hand, ensure paramagnetic branch mixing. Moreover, in the superconducting state the momentum transfer from electrons to impurities in collisions proves to be nonzero. The longitudinal sound attenuation calculated by taking these effects into account differs from the results of the BCS method.
Optical properties of bulk gadolinium in the range 0.5–3.1 eV
Authors: Gnezdilov V. P. , Zvyagina N. M. , Nikol’skii G. S. , Eremenko V. V. , Beznosov A. B.
Published: November 2024

The high-frequency electrical conductivity of bulk polycrystalline gadolinium was measured in the spectral region 0.5–3.1 eV at temperatures in the range 77–293° K. At room temperature, the gadolinium spectrum consists of two bands with energies of 1.1 and 1.6 eV. The transition to the ferromagnetic state results in the appearance of a new absorption band with an energy of about 0.66 eV. Possible causes of such behavior of the optical conductivity spectrum are discussed.
High-amplitude ultrasonic oscillations and dislocation unpinning in lead at 4.2°K
Authors: Pal’-Val’ L. N. , Platkov V. Ya.
Published: November 2024

We investigated the amplitude dependence of the internal friction in lead single crystals without impurities and with 5·10−3 at.% Sn or Sb. The measurements were made at a longitudinal oscillation frequency of 7.5 MHz at 4.2° K. In measurements of the friction vs amplitude the direct run did not coincide with the back run, the result being a hysteresis loop with the back run curve below the direct run curve. The hysteresis loop grew larger with the amplitude reached at the end of the direct run and was much larger in the superconducting state than in the normal state. We studied the kinetics of the changes in the internal friction under the effect of high-amplitude ultrasonic oscillations. The results are analyzed in the light of the Granato–Lücke and Rodgers athermal theories and indicate that the structure of the pinning points changes under multiple dislocation unpinning as the result of alternating high-amplitude stress.
On the creep mechanism of metals at low temperatures
Authors: Startsev V. I. , Soldatov V. P. , Osetskii A. I.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the jump in the creep rate in cadmium and zinc single crystals at the instant of a small increment ΔT in the temperature is studied in the 1.5–80° K range. It is shown that below some characteristic temperature Θ the behavior of this dependence sharply contradicts the thermally activated creep predicted by theory as well as that following from the hypothesis of thermal heating of a crystal because of plastic deformation. A deduction is made that at temperatures below Θ the thermally activated creep mechanism is replaced by a quantum mechanism.
Nonequilibrium distributions in superconductors (Review)
Authors: Aronov A. G. , Spivak B. Z.
Published: November 2024

The present state of experimental and theoretical studies of properties of superconductors with nonequilibrium excitations is reviewed. The main equilibration mechanisms in superconductors, various steady-state nonequilibrium distributions in superconductors, results of experimental studies of nonequilibrium phenomena, possible causes of generation of inhomogeneous nonequilibrium states, and stability criteria for nonequilibrium systems are discussed.
Dislocation superstructures and the kinetics of conduction electrons in semimetallic and semiconducting films
Authors: Shekhter R. I. , Bogachek E. N. , Kulik I. O.
Published: November 2024

We investigate the resonance and oscillatory phenomena in two-dimensional superstructures in the case of thin films with a superstructure potential U(x,y). The high-frequency absorption has resonance-type features at frequencies ωnm which are determined by the superstructure period and by the Fermi velocity uF of the charge carriers. When a constant magnetic field H is applied, the static conductivity becomes an oscillatory function of H, and the oscillation period is given by the ratio of the Larmor radius to the period of the superstructure potential.
Fine structure of the current-voltage characteristics of Nb-I-Pb junctions
Authors: Belous N. A. , Lezhnenko I. V. , Pan V. M. , Rudenko E. M.
Published: November 2024

The current-voltage characteristics and differential resistance dU/dI of Nb-I-Pb tunnel junctions are investigated. It is shown that in the barrier layer of the niobium film, besides regions of reduced critical temperature, there are regions in which superconductivity is completely suppressed. The barrier layer is inhomogeneous in thickness. A singularity is observed on the dU/dI curves at Δ Pb.
Magnetic properties and energy-spectrum parameters of Cd1-xMgx alloys
Authors: McClure J. W. , Svechkarev I. V. , Grechnev G. E.
Published: November 2024

The model kp Hamiltonian and the Fukuyama formula for the electronic orbital susceptibility are used to calculate the magnetism of weakly split states in an hcp lattice and compare it with the experimental data for cadmium-magnesium alloys. The comparison yields values of the spectrum parameters which appear in the kp Hamiltonian, in particular, the electrostatic (Ec) and spin-orbit (Δ) splittings of the spectrum at the point K of the Brillouin zone and establishes the dependence of Ec and the chemical potential on the magnesium concentration and the temperature. The results are compared with the expected behavior of the spectrum parameters in the mean-lattice approximation for known nonlocal pseudopotential models.
ProteinReDiff: Complex-based ligand-binding proteins redesign by equivariant diffusion-based generative models
Authors: Nguyen Viet Thanh Duy , Nguyen Nhan D. , Hy Truong Son
Published: November 2024

Proteins, serving as the fundamental architects of biological processes, interact with ligands to perform a myriad of functions essential for life. Designing functional ligand-binding proteins is pivotal for advancing drug development and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we introduce ProteinReDiff, an diffusion framework targeting the redesign of ligand-binding proteins. Using equivariant diffusion-based generative models, ProteinReDiff enables the creation of high-affinity ligand-binding proteins without the need for detailed structural information, leveraging instead the potential of initial protein sequences and ligand SMILES strings. Our evaluations across sequence diversity, structural preservation, and ligand binding affinity underscore ProteinReDiff's potential to advance computational drug discovery and protein engineering.
Unextendible and strongly uncompletable product bases
Authors: Zhen Xiao-Fan , Zuo Hui-Juan , Shi Fei , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: November 2024

In 2003, DiVincenzo et al. put forward the question of whether there exists an unextendible product basis (UPB) that is an uncompletable product basis in every bipartition [DiVincenzo et al. Commun. Math. Phys. 238, 379–410 (2003)]. Recently, Shi et al. presented a UPB in tripartite systems that is also a strongly uncompletable product basis (SUCPB) in every bipartition [Shi et al. New J. Phys. 24, 113025 (2022)]. However, whether there exist UPBs that are SUCPBs in only one or two bipartitions remains unknown. We provide a sufficient condition for the existence of SUCPBs based on a quasi U-tile structure. We analyze all possible cases about the relationship between UPBs and SUCPBs in tripartite systems. In particular, we construct a UPB with smaller size d3 − 3d2 + 1 in Cd⊗Cd⊗Cd, which is an SUCPB in every bipartition and has a smaller cardinality than the existing one.
Solution-processed ambipolar ionic-gated transistors from 1D/2D heterojunctions of WSe2 and self-conversed SnO2/Se enabling high-sensitivity thermal sensing
Authors: Zhang Jiehua , Li Feng , Chen Wenwen , Xu Baobao , Yang Yiyi , Xie Zhixin , Xu Haihua
Published: November 2024

Ambipolar transistors from low-dimensional semiconductors with high charge-transporting capability and tunable bandgap have developed rapidly in functional applications, such as neuromorphic computing, lighting, storing, and sensing. However, there are still challenges to balance procedure complexity and device performance, such as current on–off ratio, work voltage, and operational reliability. Here, we demonstrated solution-processed ambipolar ionic-gated transistors (amIGTs) from stacked heterojunctions of 1D/2D SnO2/Se composites and 2D WSe2 nanosheets, with high current on–off ratios, low work voltage, and high operational stability. The 1D/2D SnO2/Se composite, involving 1D SeNWs and 2D SnO2 nanosheets, was directly obtained by a one-step self-conversion from 2D SnSe nanosheets. We found that charge transports in SnO2/Se were greatly improved by formed efficient channels of 1D SeNWs, giving the extremely low value of subthreshold swing (SS) of reaches as low as 68 mV/dec, very close to the limitation (60 mV/dec) of “Boltzmann theory.” Using the amIGTs, we achieved highly stable and operation-tunable thermal sensing, with a high sensitivity of 16%/K, high resolution of 0.1 K, and a large linear detection range of 100 K. Our results hold great implications for wide applications of the low-dimensional material-based transistors in the post-Moore era.
Efficient and scalable wave function compression using corner hierarchical matrices
Authors: Berard Kenneth O. , Gao Hongji , Teplukhin Alexander , Jiao Xiangmin , Levine Benjamin G.
Published: November 2024

The exponential scaling of complete active space and full configuration interaction (CI) calculations limits the ability of quantum chemists to simulate the electronic structures of strongly correlated systems. Herein, we present corner hierarchically approximated CI (CHACI), an approach to wave function compression based on corner hierarchical matrices (CH-matrices)—a new variant of hierarchical matrices based on block-wise low-rank decomposition. By application to dodecacene, a strongly correlated molecule, we demonstrate that CH matrix compression provides superior compression compared to truncated global singular value decomposition. The compression ratio is shown to improve with increasing active space size. By comparison of several alternative schemes, we demonstrate that superior compression is achieved by (a) using a blocking approach that emphasizes the upper-left corner of the CI vector, (b) sorting the CI vector prior to compression, and (c) optimizing the rank of each block to maximize information density.
A high-frequency, low-power resonant radio-frequency neutron spin flipper for high-resolution spectroscopy
Authors: McKay Sam , Kuhn Stephen J. , Shen Jiazhou , Li Fankang , Doskow Jak , Visser Gerard , Parnell Steven R. , Burrage Kaleb , Funama Fumiaki , Pynn Roger
Published: November 2024

We present a resonant-mode, transverse-field, radio-frequency (rf) neutron spin flipper design that uses high-temperature superconducting films to ensure sharp transitions between uniform magnetic field regions. Resonant mode allows for low-power, high-frequency operation but requires strict homogeneity of the magnetic fields inside the device. This design was found to efficiently flip neutrons at 96.6 ± 0.6% at an effective frequency of 4 MHz in bootstrap configuration with a beam size of 2.4 × 2.5 cm2 and a wavelength of 0.4 nm. The high frequency and efficiency enable this device to perform high-resolution neutron spectroscopy with comparable performance with currently implemented rf flipper designs. The limitation of the maximum frequency was found due to the field homogeneity of the device. We numerically analyze the maximum possible efficiency of this design using a Bloch solver simulation with magnetic fields generated from finite-element simulations. We also discuss future improvements of the efficiency and frequency to the design based on the experimental and simulation results.
Studying single-electron traps in newly fabricated Skipper-CCDs for the Oscura experiment using the pocket-pumping technique
Authors: Perez Garcia Santiago Ezequiel , Cervantes Vergara Brenda Aurea , Cruz Estrada Juan , Holland Stephen , Rodrigues Ferreira Maltez Dario Pablo , Tiffenberg Javier
Published: November 2024

Understanding and characterizing very low-energy (∼eV) background sources is a must in rare-event searches. Oscura, an experiment aiming to probe electron recoils from sub-GeV dark matter using a 10 kg skipper-CCD detector, has recently fabricated its first two batches of sensors. In this work, we present the characterization of defects/contaminants identified in the buried-channel region of these newly fabricated skipper-CCDs. These defects/contaminants produce deferred charge from trap emission in the images next to particle tracks, which can be spatially resolved due to the sub-electron resolution achieved with these sensors. Using the trap-pumping technique, we measured the energy and cross section associated with these traps in three Oscura prototype sensors from different fabrication batches which underwent different gettering methods during fabrication. Results suggest that the type of defects/contaminants is more closely linked to the fabrication batch rather than to the gettering method used. The exposure-dependent single-electron rate (SER) of one of these sensors was measured ∼100 m underground, yielding (1.8±0.3)×10−3e−/pix/day at 131 K. The impact of the identified traps on the measured exposure-dependent SER is evaluated via a Monte Carlo simulation. Results suggest that the exposure-dependent SER of Oscura prototype sensors would be lower in lower background environments as expected.
Electronic vs optical bandgap of stoichiometric V2O5: Effects of surface transfer doping and electron accumulation layer
Authors: Lee Sangyeon , Wang Qi , Chakrapani Vidhya
Published: November 2024

The experimental and theoretical bandgap reported for stoichiometric V2O5, a layered semiconductor of great technological importance, spans a wide range of 1.7–4.8 eV. Using combined photoemission, absorption, and photoluminescence measurements, we show that the fundamental electronic gap of V2O5 is 1.85 eV, which is in close agreement with the value of 1.8 eV predicted by the first density functional theory studies, but is lower than the value of 2.2–2.8 eV obtained from optical absorption and photoemission studies. It is shown that this difference between the fundamental and optical gaps is due to the presence of a surface electron accumulation layer, which results in a Burstein–Moss shift of the Fermi level well into the conduction band. The underlying cause of degenerate electron doping is due to “surface transfer doping” by ambient water molecules as a result of the high electron affinity of the semiconductor.
All-optical quality control of indenene intercalation into graphene/SiC
Authors: Schmitt Cedric , Sotgiu Simone , Enzner Stefan , Erhardt Jonas , Stellino Elena , Di Sante Domenico , Sangiovanni Giorgio , Claessen Ralph , Moser Simon , Baldassarre Leonetta
Published: November 2024

Intercalating two-dimensional quantum materials beneath a sheet of graphene provides effective environmental protection and facilitates ex situ device fabrication. However, developing a functional device requires rapid, large-scale screening methods to evaluate the quality of the intercalant, which to date can be monitored only by slow, ultra-high vacuum-based surface science techniques. In this study, we utilize ex situ Raman micro-spectroscopy to optically and nondestructively identify the quantum spin Hall insulator indenene, a monolayer of indium sandwiched between a SiC(0001) substrate and a single sheet of graphene. Color modulation combined with indenene's distinctive low-frequency Raman fingerprint enables rapid assessment of its homogeneity and crystalline quality. Density functional perturbation theory indicates that this Raman signature originates mainly from indenene's shear and breathing modes, while additional higher order modes are tentatively attributed to defect-assisted and two-phonon Raman processes.
Statistical analysis of displacement damage in small devices from neutron and ion irradiation
Authors: Wampler W. R. , Vizkelethy G. , Titze M.
Published: November 2024

Modern semiconductor devices, such as gate-all-around nanosheet field-effect transistors (GAA NS FETs), are smaller than displacement damage cascades from fission neutrons. In this regime, device failure may occur through low-probability single events, rather than by parametric degradation previously seen in larger devices. Here, we present a statistical model that predicts the probability of a damage event in a small device and the probability distribution of the magnitude, i.e., number of displacements within the device, from each event. The model is developed first for neutron irradiation and then for energetic ion irradiation. The model is consistent with results from recent experiments in which lithium-ion irradiation produced stepwise increases in subthreshold current in GAA NS FETs.
Room temperature lasing from InGaAs quantum well nanowires on silicon-on-insulator substrates
Authors: Temu Balthazar , Yan Zhao , Ratiu Bogdan-Petrin , Oh Sang Soon , Li Qiang
Published: November 2024

In this work we demonstrate room temperature lasing from core-shell nanowires consisting of a radial InGaAs quantum well as the active material. The nanowires with the GaAs/InGaAs/InGaP quantum well structures are arranged in a deformed honeycomb lattice, forming a photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL). We demonstrate lasing from devices with three different nanowire diameters from undeformed, stretched, and compressed honeycomb lattices. Under optical pumping we show that the PCSEL lases at the wavelength of 966 nm (stretched pattern), with the lasing threshold of 103 μJ/cm2. The lasing wavelength increases as the nanowire diameter increases. Combining photoluminescence results and numerical simulations on the field profile and the quality factors of the devices, we establish that the lasing of the device is from the radial quantum well structure.
Adaptive jet flow control for performance improvement via coupling stator-blade with rotor-tip injections in a transonic compressor
Authors: Zhang Min , Hu Chunjing , Xu Xiaobin , Du Juan , Zhang Jian , Ba Dun
Published: November 2024

With the increase in the blade load of modern compressors for aircraft engines and gas turbines, flow separation is always generated in stator and rotor blade passages. This not only deteriorates the compressor efficiency but also blocks the flow path that may induce instability such as stall or surge. In order to tackle these issues, an adaptive jet flow control system coupling stator-blade with rotor-tip injections is proposed, and the goal of this paper is to investigate its effects on the aerodynamic performance of an in-house 1.5 stage transonic compressor. The developed flow control system integrates a jet configuration on the stator-blade surface and on the rotor casing surface respectively. The first step to construct this system is designing the jet configurations, and the Coanda effect is adopted to achieve wall-attachment injection. Second, the flow control system is intended to execute real-time monitoring on the operating condition of the compressor and can inject air with appropriate mass flow rate to eliminate flow separation and rotating stall. To do this, an optimal injection mass flow rate prediction model is established via a back propagation neural network algorithm. It aids to ensure an adaptive jet mass flow rate control during the compressor operation. Then, the effectiveness of the adaptive jet flow control system is evaluated using numerical simulations, and the influence mechanism of the injection mass flow on flow fields and aerodynamic performance is analyzed. Results indicate that compared to the prototype compressor, the compressor with adaptive stator-blade and rotor-tip injections can significantly increase efficiency and improve stability margin.
Bias voltage driven tunneling magnetoresistance polarity reversal in 2D stripy antiferromagnet CrOCl
Authors: Zhang Lihao , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Qi , Xie Haibo , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Lei , Pan Jie , Cheng Yingchun , Wang Zhe
Published: November 2024

Atomically thin materials with coupled magnetic and electric polarization are critical for developing energy-efficient and high-density spintronic devices, yet they remain scarce due to often conflicting requirements of stabilizing both magnetic and electric orders. The recent discovery of the magnetoelectric effect in the 2D stripy antiferromagnet CrOCl highlights this semiconductor as a promising platform to explore electric field effects on magnetoresistance. In this study, we systematically investigate the magnetoresistance in tunneling junctions of bilayer and monolayer CrOCl. We observe that the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic phases in both cases induces a positive magnetoresistance at low bias voltages, which reverses to a negative value at higher bias voltages. This polarity reversal is attributed to the additional electric dipoles present in the antiferromagnetic state, as supported by our theoretical calculations. These findings suggest a pathway for the electric control of spintronic devices and underscore the potential of 2D magnets like CrOCl in advancing energy-efficient spintronic applications.
Fluid flow in three-dimensional porous systems shows power law scaling with Minkowski functionals
Authors: Haque R. A. I. , Mitra A. J. , Dutta T.
Published: November 2024

Integral geometry uses four geometric invariants—the Minkowski functionals—to characterize certain subsets of three-dimensional (3D) space. The question was, how is the fluid flow in a 3D porous system related to these invariants? In this work, we systematically study the dependency of permeability on the geometrical characteristics of two categories of 3D porous systems generated: (i) stochastic and (ii) deterministic. For the stochastic systems, we investigated both normal and lognormal size distribution of grains. For the deterministic porous systems, we checked for a cubic arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement of grains of equal size. Our studies reveal that for any three-dimensional porous system, ordered or disordered, permeability k follows a unique scaling relation with the Minkowski functionals: (a) volume of the pore space, (b) integral mean curvature, (c) Euler characteristic, and (d) critical cross-sectional area of the pore space. The cubic and the hexagonal symmetrical systems formed the upper and lower bounds of the scaling relations, respectively. The disordered systems lay between these bounds. Moreover, we propose a combinatoric F that weaves together the four Minkowski functionals and follows a power-law scaling with permeability. The scaling exponent is independent of particle size and distribution and has a universal value of 0.428 for 3D porous systems built of spherical grains.
Borophene nanoclusters: Energetics and structures from analytical potentials
Authors: Zergani Farideh , Marques Jorge M. C. , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pirani Fernando
Published: November 2024

Boron shows a variety of properties, determining a chemistry rich and complementary to that of carbon, the neighbor atom in the Periodic Table. In this work, we investigated the strength and nature of the interaction involving B12 or B36 monomer, which represent molecular prototypes of borophene, the two-dimensional allotrope of elemental boron. For the representation of the intermolecular interaction, we developed new potential energy surfaces (PESs) that are based on accurate ab initio or density functional theory data. It is shown that borophene molecules are bound by weak intermolecular interactions of van der Waals nature, perturbed by antiaromatic effects. Moreover, the proposed PESs are given in an analytical form proper to investigate the structures and energetics of (B12)n and (B36)n clusters (with n = 2–10) by applying a global geometry optimization procedure. It is found that the most stable structures of (B12)n favor close contacts between the edges of the monomers, leading to cage-like clusters as n increases, and conversely, (B36)n clusters are mainly composed of stacked or herringbone structures. These results suggest the possibility to produce a novel class of two-dimensional borophene materials, exhibiting different features compared to graphene like structures, which could be of interest for the nanotechnology.
Large room-temperature elastocaloric effect and enhanced specific adiabatic temperature change of Ni–Mn-based shape memory microwire
Authors: Chen Zhen , Cao Yuxian , Sun Liying , Sun Xiaoming , Cong Daoyong
Published: November 2024

Continuous miniaturization of electronic components puts higher demands on the heat dissipation of the micro-systems, which requires environmental friendliness, good heat exchange capability, and high-performance micro-refrigeration materials. Here, we developed a Ni–Mn–Fe–In microwire fabricated by the Taylor–Ulitovsky method, showing ⟨001⟩A orientation close to the axial direction of microwire. Due to the large volume change ΔV/V (−1.24%), the large entropy change ΔStr of 43.6 J kg−1 K−1 was achieved in the microwire. Owing to the low driving force of the microwire with a single crystalline of ⟨001⟩A orientation close to the axial direction of microwire, large adiabatic temperature change of −5.7 K was achieved at room temperature after removing a low stress of 120 MPa. Thus, high specific adiabatic temperature change of 47.5 K/GPa was obtained in the microwire, which is the highest value among all the reported low-dimension elastocaloric materials, including thin films/foils, microwires/wires, and ribbons. The outstanding comprehensive properties give this microwire a great application potential in miniaturization and compactness of refrigeration devices.