bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networks as Drivers of National Innovative System Development in the Conditions of Globalization
Authors: Kurochkin Alexander , Morozova Svetlana
Published: January 2021

Research background: The modern social, political and economic challenges of the Fourth Industrial revolution and development of the Network Society actualized the problem of maximizing of effectiveness of innovative policy analysis as one of the key factors of economic and political competitiveness of national states, regions, cities and urban agglomerations in Global World.

Purpose of the article: The study focuses on the impact of networking on the effectiveness of national innovative development in the context of globalization. In this vein, the main ways of network interaction are considered and the network model of innovation policy is analyzed.

Methods: Modern innovation policy is a synthesis of scientific, economic, industrial, and partly regional policy of the state, aimed at the formation and maintenance of an adequate institutional environment for the process of creating, disseminating and introducing innovations. Thus the key feature of the research methodology is the combination of the New Institutional Approach and the Network Theory.

Findings & Value added: The study provides a detailed analysis of international experience in the field of open innovation and innovative development based on network interaction. Moreover, the authors present the classification of countries that are leaders in the process of building information (communicative) and network infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to issues of network interaction at the global level and the case of Russian innovation system in this context.
Retailers’ Socially Responsible Communication in the Situation of Global Pandemic
Authors: Linina Iveta , Vevere Velga
Published: January 2021

Research background: Retail industry plays an important role in today’s society and in the national economy as a whole, as it introduces and develops new technologies in customer service, provides jobs and increases the level of public welfare. Adaptation to the emergency situation, to the customer needs and requirements provide the company with opportunities for further development and increase of competitiveness, but, at the same time, creates the need to organize customer service, the efficient use of existing resources to manage customer service process. The pandemic of Coronavirus has affected the global economy immensely, the long-term effects are to be seen in the foreseeable future. One of the spheres, among others, hit hard is the retail trade since due to the quarantine conditions there is an inevitable drop in sales (less number of customers means less profit inevitably) and growing competition among retailers. However, the current situation forces retailers to look for innovative, at the same time socially responsible, forms of communication, particularly in social media.

Purpose of the article: To research the evaluation of retailers’ socially responsible communication by consumers.

Methods: Expert survey, consumer online survey (n=388) applying 5-point Likert scale, data processing was carried out by SPSS.

Findings & Value added: By socially responsible communication, a company can build strong relationships with customers and increase their loyalty despite the circumstances
The Global Crisis and Its Role in the Formation and Development of Human Thinking
Authors: Pavlova Elena , Paliy Irina
Published: January 2021

Research background: The modern world is situated today in a very difficult and complicated period of existence: the coronavirus pandemic, quarantine, the global lockdown, etcetera. Today we are talking about the transition to a new type of social structure, and this transition to something new always entails complexity in adaptation and some breaking of familiar stereotypes. The mankind has faced again the necessity to develop new norms.

Purpose of the article: In this article, from the point of view of philosophy, one of the most complex phenomena of the modern information age, is characterized, namely: the global crisis and its role in the formation and development of human thinking, is studied and analyzed. The author’s position echoing the key philosophical ideas presented by such philosophers as R. Descartes and B. Spinoza, I. Kant and G. Hegel, V. Heisenberg and by the others, however, contains its own authorial position. Methods: As part of the historical-comparative analysis, the crucial cultural and existential problems in modern society are demonstrated. The analysis is presented through the prism of such phenomena as a conflict of values, the subjective experience of a person, and a crisis.

Thanks to an extensive historical-philosophical and sociocultural discourse, the main milestones of the transformation of understanding and attitude of a person to the basic existential elements of his being in a crisis situation are shown.

Findings & Value added: The main focus of the article is on the study and new reception of some previous views on the phenomenon of crisis and the role of philosophy in its evolution.
Financial inclusions in social networks
Authors: Sigova Mariia , Vasiliev Sergey , Kliuchnikov Oleg
Published: January 2021

Research background: The study suggests that social networks can offer all the same services and products as traditional financial intermediaries. Moreover, the scope and prospects for the inclusion of financial services in the social network system are not yet fully defined and not clear. Nevertheless, the modern largest social sites are constantly developing their financial functions. Moreover, they do it in their way and often differ from the traditional financial intermediation method: firstly, social networks offer all services in a “single window” - along with other information and in the course of social communications, that is, transfer the service of network users to omnichannel, including in this concept the whole complex of socio-communication and financial interactions. The problems of the interaction of social networks with economic networks are widely studied. Quite a lot of literature is devoted to the problem of innovation in the financial sector. There are also publications that contain literature reviews, conceptual and theoretical generalizations and discussions on this issue. No less abundant electronic finance literature – reviews, textbooks, numerous studies on specific issues and regional specificities of finance, as well as various web applications. Popular with researchers and the media are topics dedicated to social networks sites.

Purpose of the article in the analysis of social networks is associated with new processes, the development of new provisions, clarification of terms, the development of new hypotheses and theoretical principles.

Findings & Value added: The challenge facing researchers can be summarized as follows: the study of information and behavioral aspects of the interaction of two types of activities - financial intermediation and social networks, leading to new processes and the formation of new organizational forms and behavior. To this end, a purposeful search is carried out for concepts, models, and tools to determine the content and prospects of these processes and new approaches are being developed and proposed.

Methods: At the first stage: (1) sociometric analysis based on graph theory, (2) concepts of interpersonal relationships, the behavior of various participants of groups and conditions for forming specific cliques in various groups, and (3) anthropological traditions, which were used to observe community members (including social networks), determine their structure, internal relations and conditions for their sustainability.
Management and Development of Talented Employees in the Global World
Authors: Kursch Martin , Veteska Jaroslav
Published: January 2021

Research background: The study focuses on the search for talented individuals depending on the size and form of organizations in the Czech Republic.

Purpose of the article: The article answers the question where organizations are looking for talented individuals in the Czech Republic in the era of digitization and Industry 4.0. It also reveals whether different forms of organization and their size play a role in finding talented individuals.

Methods: A representative sample of 301 talent management organizations found whether the search for talented individuals depends on the size of private organizations and whether the form of the organization affects its application. The study is part of a very extensive research completed in 2018 dealing with the effectiveness of talent management methods in the Czech Republic.

Findings & Value added: It produces specific results related to the way talented individuals are found in small, medium, and large private organisations and public organisations. The result is to determine the dependency between size, form of organization and search for talented individuals. The study also points to the fact that the “talent pool” method is independent of seeking talent within an organisation or in the labour market. The study covers a wide range of organisations, including public organisations, which are neglected in most current research.
Formation of a system of indicators of balanced economic development in the context of globalization: space-time analysis in order to ensure economic security
Authors: Afanasyeva Lubov , Belousova Larisa , Tkacheva Tatyana
Published: January 2021

Research background: The modern world economy of the 21st century, being innovatively oriented, global and based on the information space, is constantly being modified, focusing on the growth of the level and quality of life of the population by accelerating innovation processes. For the purposes of monitoring the innovation and investment activities of the regions in order to ensure the economic security of Russia, it is necessary to have a system of indicators that reflect the processes of innovative development of its territories as comprehensively as possible.

Purpose of the article: Formation of a system of indicators for the balanced development of the region’s economy in the context of globalization: space-time analysis in order to ensure economic security.

Methods: Spatio-temporal analysis of the identified indicators of balanced development of the regional economy in order to ensure economic security.

Findings & Value added: The proposed system of indicators of economic security of the region and their threshold values can be used in assessing the development forecasts of the regions and the Federal Districts developed by the administration, draft budgets, expertise of the federal target programs, as well as in other elements of the regional economic security management.
Impact of globalization on the direct participation of citizens in local self-government in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Cheshmedzhieva Margarita , Mircheva Vesela , Pisarska Galina , Haydushka Elena
Published: January 2021

Research background: The direct participation of citizens in political decision-making in the state is one of the ways to implement the public relations between the political state represented by the authorities of local self-government and administration. In addition to that, the civil society on behalf of the local inhabitants of the municipalities is also part of this process.

Purpose of the article: This report aims to examine which forms of direct democracy are most often applied in the system of local self-government and what is the result of them in view of the economic independence of municipalities. The comparative study covers the periods before and after the signing of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in 1995 by the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as the periods before and after the accession of our country to the EU in 2007. These two events play a key role in the impact of globalization processes on the direct participation of citizens in local political decision making.

Methods: The methodological tools, used in the research, include the comparative analysis and the comparative-legal method.

Findings & Value added: The contribution of the research is expressed in tracking the trend in the application of various forms of direct participation of citizens in local government in the Republic of Bulgaria, in outlining the main shortcomings of legal regulations and factors, favoring or hindering the implementation of these forms, and in formulating proposals de lege ferenda to improve existing legislation.
Global Challenges of the Modern Paradigm of Economic Development
Authors: Gagulina Natalya , Budagov Artur , Yanova Elena
Published: January 2021

Research background: The basis of the long-term sustainable movement of society forward is the paradigm of economic development as a set of scientific achievements, which for a certain period of time are recognized as the basis for the development of scientific and practical activities of the society. The paradigm of market relations is increasingly unable to solve vital problems for society and the economy, such as growing social stratification of the population, an increase in anthropogenic pollution of the biosphere, disruption of the normal functioning of ecosystems and a number of other equally important problems on a global scale.

Purpose of the article: The goal set by the authors is to conduct a study of the sustainability of the modern paradigm of economic development in the face of global challenges.

Methods: The authors carried out a systematic analysis of economic development in the face of global challenges. A new look at the relationship “global challenges - global actions” is proposed.

Findings & Value added: The article presents the author’s view on the manifestations of the crisis of the modern development paradigm, based on the correlation of global challenges and global actions.
Transformative impacts of globalization on the economy of South Caucasus and Central Asia1
Authors: Guliyev Mushfig , Huseynova Khatira
Published: January 2021

Research background: The disappointing economic results of the global economic crises, which brought macroeconomic instability, increasing inequality, are often understood as results of globalization. In this article, besides the positive effects, the many unavoidable negative impacts of globalization on the South Caucasus and Central Asia region are discussed. It is shown that responsibility for the economic crisis is not entirely globalization but a combination of the raw material based economy, together with incorrect trade policy. In this article, an alternative view of globalization is offered, including diversification policy challenges. It also explores the main tools of dissemination of globalization, which has created many new opportunities for business in the region.

Purpose of the article: The aim is to find out to what extent the countries are involved in international integration, comparative analysis transformative impacts of globalization.

Methods: The methods of comparative analysis and systematization of scientific approaches were employed. The research contains an analysis of the region’s position in the international trade and investment.

Findings & Value added: The region has to concentrate on a new picture of the multipolar world. In the region countries, the processes of globalization were accelerated after the countries became a member of WTO, ADB and integration into the international relations. The findings in general correspond with the trends in emerging markets that the process of globalization is gradually turning into functional mechanism of competitiveness, but there are some differences. The impacts of globalization process are progressively increasing, also there are new unforeseen impacts evolving.
Structure of Slovak Families and Womans Attitudes towards Its Impact on Their Employment
Authors: Kozáková Jana , Urbánová Mária , Klátiková Silvia
Published: January 2021

Research background: The disadvantaged position of women in the labor market is a well-known fact. However, there are also differences between women themselves, which put certain groups in an even more disadvantaged position compared to others. Women entered the paid workforce after centuries of “quiet revolution” (McManus and Johnson, 2020) and still they remain more likely to be in insecure employment, work varying hours or short hours, and dominate in particular sectors (Wilson, 2019).

Purpose of the article: Our study aimed at the analysis of the link between structure of family (household) Slovak woman live in and their attitudes towards its impact on their employment.

Methods: The Chi-square statistic as a non-parametric test to analyze group differences was used on the attained questionnaire and a Cramer’s V as the most common strength test was used to test the association between the data after the significant Chi-square results has been obtained.

Findings & Value added: Recently, the interest of researchers worldwide is aimed at the disadvantaged position of woman on the labor market compared to man. They focus mainly on the wage gap and other inequalities, since most of these studies has quantitative character with the focus of post hoc status description. Our article aimed at the similar topic but is based on the attitudes of the women themselves and their expectations in relation to this issue. We are therefore trying to quantify qualitatively based research, which is unique both in Slovakia and abroad.
Study of Customer Loyalty in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Field of Trade in Bulgaria
Authors: Kyurova Vyara , Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova Blagovesta
Published: January 2021

Research background: In the context of globalization and the increasingly competitive environment, customer loyalty plays an important role in the long-term success of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research by various authors has shown that loyalty is an important customer-oriented marketing tool and is directly dependent on customer satisfaction. Customer loyalty is highly influenced by the quality of the products, the applied price strategy and the good communication between enterprises and customers. Loyalty is the main aim of strategic enterprises marketing planning and is the key to retaining customers. The adoption and application of the loyalty approach in enterprises activity is a prerequisite for increase the trend of customers towards more frequent products consumption and enlarge their desire for more purchases. In connection with solving the problem of customer loyalty, researchers focus on its influencing factors and highlight as most important the following: satisfaction, trust, commitment, customer value and service quality.

Purpose of the article: This report clarifies the peculiarities of customer loyalty and based on an analysis of the factors influencing it brings out the main problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of trade in Bulgaria.

Methods: The sources that were used include a questionnaire survey of 64 enterprises. The analysis and evaluation are based on statistical methods.

Findings & Value added: The findings include identification of problems, related to the customer loyalty in small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of trade in Bulgaria. The study can be used as a model for analysis of customer loyalty in the trade sector.
Positions and prospects of Russian shipbuilding in the world market of naval equipment
Authors: Dengov Victor , Tulyakova Irina , Gregova Elena
Published: January 2021

Research background: The products of the arms and military equipment market create the material basis for the country’s military security. The most important segment of this market is the market of naval equipment. The acquired competencies have naturally led Russia to the role of the most important exporter in this market. The authors have repeatedly addressed the topic of Russian shipbuilding and the role of Russia in the world market of naval equipment and military ships.

Purpose of the article: The main goal of the research is to analyze the current state of the market of naval equipment, the positions of its main participants and, especially, Russia. To determine the future prospects of Russia’s presence in this market, it was necessary to identify the main problems of Russian shipbuilding and consider the impact of external factors on the state of the industry.

Methods: Generalizations of the research are based on processing and systematization of data obtained from available information sources. Analyzing the statistics, the authors were able to deduce the trends of the current moment and determine the prospects.

Findings & Value added: The analysis of key market indicators, as well as the problems of Russian shipbuilding, allowed the authors to build possible scenarios for its future development, from optimistic under favorable external factors to pessimistic, in which the loss of not only military security, but also the position of the largest exporter in the world market of naval equipment and military ships is inevitable.
Export diversification in conditions of globalization: a comparative analysis of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia
Authors: Hamidova Lala
Published: January 2021

Research background: The Caspian region with rich hydrocarbons and a favorable location has always been in the attention of researchers. Large oil reserves of the Caspian countries - Azerbaijan, Russia and Kazakhstan - have become an object of interest for world business. These countries have much in common: they were part of a Soviet Union for 70 years. However, during the period of market reforms, the Caspian countries turned out to be uncompetitive in both domestic and foreign commodity markets, the commodity structure of exports was significantly degraded, and its raw orientation increased.

Purpose of the article: The main objective of the study is to reveal the problems of diversification of commodity exports of the Caspian countries, a comparative analysis of the structure of their commodity exports in the context of the development of the globalization of the world economy and the intensification of international competition.

Methods: We used the methods of comparative analysis of the export structure of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia by main product groups, by top-five goods. To determine the level of diversification and export concentration, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the export concentration index were used.

Findings & Value added: The calculations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index show a low level of export diversification in these countries, especially in Azerbaijan. The export concentration index showed that the top-five of exported goods are mainly natural raw materials. In the non-oil sector, in all three countries, unproductive and not-tradable sectors: construction, trade and transport prevail.
Global partnership for sustainable development: challenges and perspectives for Ukraine
Authors: Honcharenko Iryna , Berezina Olena , Berezhna Lesya , Zhuk Victoria
Published: January 2021

Research background: The global concept of sustainable development was elaborated in detail by the UN and the Club of Rome. Development Agenda 2030 and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were adopted in 2015 with the main priorities of social development of the world. The monitoring and analysis of the 17 SDG and 169 targets of the new agenda will be carried out through a set of global indicators.

Purpose of the article is to develop a system of indicators for monitoring the achieving the SDG in Ukraine. This system will use for estimating the current results and developing mid-term forecast.

Methods: The classical econometric methods and models, in particular, the exponential smoothing method was used for estimating and forecasting. Also, the multidimensional ranking and the method of expert assessments were used. The research is carried out based on statistical data (from 2008 to 2018 years) of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, UN reports.

Findings & Value added: The article contains an overview of the essence, components, aims, methodology, results and forecast for achieving the 17th Sustainable Development Goal ”Global Partnership” in Ukraine. The system of individual & integrated indicators for the global partnership was built for evaluating the current results and using for forecast modelling. The model of global partnership and mid-term forecast for Ukraine was built for the paper’s aim achieving. The results showed the main challenges for Ukraine in achieving the 17th SDG soon.
Carriage and legal conditions of maritime transport in the process of globalization
Authors: Sosedová Jarmila , Galierikova Andrea
Published: January 2021

Research background: The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the marine, primarily from the perspective of English law but with reference to cases in other major marine developed countries. Coverage includes all the traditional topics, such as bills of lading and charterparties (voyage, time, and demise), and focuses also on each of the international conventions regulating the subject. Additionally, the content extends to such issues as limitation, claims (in the cargo context), and a brief discussion of maritime arbitration.

Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the bill of lading and other documents of carriage. It also focuses on international carriage measures, such as the Hague, the Hague-Visby, and the Hamburg Rules and discusses current developments towards uniformity. The analysis includes: analysis of shippers’ and carriers’ obligations and the analysis of rights and immunities of the carrier.

Methods: The main methods used in this paper are the theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis. Every synthesis is built upon the results of a preceding analysis, and every analysis requires a subsequent synthesis to verify and correct its results.

Findings & Value added: The paper seeks to examine in a commercial context the legal problems facing shipowners, charterers, shippers and receivers of goods and the solutions adopted by the courts and international conferences to those problems. Many of the legal principles involved are not restricted to shipping, but serve the wider area of commercial law generally.
Model of Impact of Social Networks on Internet Marketing of Enterprises
Authors: Zitkiene Rima , Gircys Vytautas , Zitke Monika , Bartuseviciene Ilona
Published: January 2021

Research background. The electronic environment has become an integral part of today’s marketing environment. The transformation of information technology makes it possible to reach the desired customer through various business instruments, regardless of his location. The number of consumers using the Internet to search for goods and services is increasing. As a result, social networks are gaining in importance from both businesses and consumers. There are currently over 800 social networks in the world. Corporate social networking accounts where a variety of news can be posted: from company start-up history to the latest company prototype news, and often for small businesses, and represents the cost of the website. Most authors point out that the scope of e-marketing is wider than online marketing because online marketing refers only to the Internet. Businesses seek to disseminate information about goods through social networks, given their popularity and impact on consumers.

Purpose of the article is to construct the theoretical model that would help to determine how the impact of social networks on online marketing of companies can be assessed.

Methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematization, generalization.

Findings and Value added. Based on the model, proposed by the authors, the elements of Internet marketing are analyzed, as well as research on the importance of social networks in information transfer and communication with the consumer is emphasized and the most commonly used indicators of social networks are singled out.
Stress und Covid-19: Ein Narrativer Review über
neuroendokrin-immune Mechanismen, die eine Abwehr von SARS-CoV-2 verbessern
könnten
Authors: Peters Eva Milena Johanne , Schedlowski Manfred , Watzl Carsten , Gimsa Ulrike
Published: January 2021

Ziel des Reviews Die COVID-19 Pandemie ist auf dem Vormarsch, die Sorgen
und Ängste in der Bevölkerung wachsen, ebenso wie im
medizinischen System. Aus der Perspektive der Stressforschung steht jetzt auf
der einen Seite die Frage, wie diese psychosozialen Belastungen
bewältigt werden können. Auf der anderen Seite entsteht die
Frage, ob bestimmte Formen von Stress zu einer Häufung von Infektionen
und kritischen Krankheitsverläufen beitragen können.

Methodik In einem narrativen Review wird vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen
Forschungsstandes zu Stressbelastungen und Immunantwort dargelegt, wie Stress
die Immunabwehr von Viruserkrankungen beeinflussen kann.

Ergebnisse Übermäßiger Stress kann die Funktion
der Barriere von Atemwegen kompromittieren und über eine Fehlanpassung
der neuroendokrinen Stressreaktionssysteme zu einer Virus-permissiven
Immunantwort beitragen.

Diskussion Da bestimmte Formen von Stress für eine erfolgreiche
Immunabwehr von viral bedingten Atemwegserkrankungen eine Rolle spielen
können, ist es wichtig Menschen mit hoher psychosozialer Belastung
frühzeitig zu identifizieren und mit geeigneten Stress-reduzierenden
Interventionen zu versorgen.

Schlussfolgerung Von Verhaltensänderungen und psychosozialen
Maßnahmen, die zu einem verbesserten Umgang mit Stress beitragen, kann
eine positive Wirkung auf die Immunantwort bei viralen Atemwegsinfekten erwartet
werden.
Validation and Implementation of 4-domain Patient-reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Tailored for Orthopedic Sports Medicine
Authors: Piedade Sérgio Rocha , Hutchinson Mark R. , Ferreira Daniel Miranda , Ferretti Mario , Maffulli Nicola
Published: January 2021

The validation of a 4-domain PROM tailored to orthopedic sports medicine was performed through item generation, item scaling, validity and reliability testing, statistical analysis, as well as item reduction. Conbrach's alpha was used to verify item homogeneity, i. e. their accuracy or consistency. This PROM showed acceptable statistical accuracy and clinical applicability for a variety of surgical treatments, regardless of the anatomical injury sites. Moreover, this PROM considers the athletes’ primary physical demands in an non-injured baseline condition, their motivation to continue sports practice and participation, and the influence of sports practice on their quality of life. This 4-domain PROM tailored for orthopedic sports medicine appears to be a valid tool to assess athletes and high-performing practitioners with sports injuries, recording their perception of injury, expectations of treatment; evaluation of postoperative care and treatment received, and perceived outcomes compared to their pre-injury status of physical demands in sports activity. The tool is unique, allowing direct comparisons between athletes’ perception of pre-injury baseline, injury, treatment, and outcome. It will be a welcome adjunct to the sports medicine professional’s tool box when assessing athlete’s status and outcome after injury and intervention.
Psychische Belastung durch weibliche Genitalverstümmelung:
Eine explorative Untersuchung im Rahmen einer medizinischen
Sprechstunde
Authors: Wulfes Nele , Kröhl Nadine , Strunz Cornelia , von Fritschen Uwe , Scherer Roland , Kröger Christoph
Published: January 2021

Bei der weiblichen Genitalverstümmelung (englisch female genital
mutilation, FGM) werden die äußeren Genitalien ohne
medizinischen Grund und ohne Mitspracherecht der betroffenen Mädchen
beschädigt oder entfernt. Häufig geht diese Prozedur mit
erheblichen Konsequenzen für die physische und psychische Gesundheit
einher. Rekonstruktive chirurgische Maßnahmen können die
Beschwerden der Betroffenen lindern. Anhand einer explorativen Untersuchung
von N=97 Frauen, die an einem medizinischen
Beratungsgespräch zur rekonstruktiven Operation teilnahmen, wurden
die besonderen Charakteristika dieser Stichprobe deskriptiv analysiert,
Gründe der Inanspruchnahme einer rekonstruktiven Operation erfragt,
sowie das Wissen der Patientinnen über ihren Beschneidungstyp mit
der medizinischen Diagnose verglichen. Bei 56,7% (n=55) der
Untersuchten lag der Verdacht einer PTBS vor. Keine Schmerzen mehr zu haben
war der am häufigsten genannte Grund für eine Operation
(45,4%; n=44). Die Übereinstimmung zwischen dem
Wissen der Patientinnen über den Beschneidungstyp und dem
ärztlichen Urteil fiel gering aus (κ=0,09). Bei
physischer und psychischer Belastung sollten Frauen nach FGM neben
chirurgischen Maßnahmen auch psychotherapeutisch betreut werden.
Psychotherapeutische Interventionen im Kontext von FGM müssen
evaluiert werden. Längsschnittstudien sind hierfür
unabdingbar.
Experience with Low-Dose Sodium Valproate in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Patients: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on Selective Cohort from North India
Authors: Goel Deepak , Mittal Manish
Published: January 2021

Background Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is found in 20 to 30% of all patients presenting with seizures. Most of the patients require lifelong drug treatment. Efficacy and tolerability are important issues while selecting the most appropriate drug for a person with IGE.

Objective The aim of this study was to look for usefulness of small dose valproate (<1,000 mg/day) in long-term treatment of IGE patients.

Methods Diagnosis of IGE made with standard criteria among all patients presenting with seizures. Patients put on full doses of valproate (>1,000 mg/day) in first year, then reduction started in next year in patients with full seizure remission, and finally maintained on lowest possible dose of valproate. Lowest dose was defined as the minimum dose without seizures (between 200 and 900 mg/day). Patients, who were refractory on monotherapy, were put on add-on drug and followed for remission and reduction in doses of valproate at minimum possible dose.

Results IGE was diagnosed in 21% of all patients presenting with seizures. Among 420 patients of IGE 368 (87.5%) were started on high-dose valproate monotherapy, 155 (42.1%) were responsive to single drug while 213 (57.9%) had been given add-on drug either lamotrigine or clonazepam or both. After minimum 3-year follow-up, 298 (81%) could be managed on low-dose valproate (<1,000 mg) without any relapse during 12 to 80 months follow-up.

Conclusion Significant number of patients with IGE can be managed on low-dose valproate with good seizure control and less side effects.
Developing a novel point X-ray source by regulating the formation of a micropinch with an imploding gas-puff plasma
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: January 2021

Implosion mediated gas-puff hybrid X-pinch approach can control the timing, size and location of x-ray sources and can be operated repeatedly without manual reloading
Synthesis and size modulation of MoS2 quantum dots by pulsed laser ablation in liquid for viable hydrogen generation
Authors: Pradhan Gobinda , Dey Partha P. , Khare Alika , Sharma Ashwini Kumar
Published: January 2021

In the present work, MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by chemical-free, single step photo-exfoliation of a solid MoS2 target using pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) with average sizes of ∼4, 2.9, and 6.1 nm were synthesized by ablating an MoS2 target for ablation durations of 5, 10, and 20 min at a fixed laser energy of 40 mJ. Furthermore, quantum dots with average sizes of ∼2.9, 3.6, and 4.0 nm were also synthesized at laser energies of 10, 20, and 40 mJ, respectively, for a fixed ablation duration of 5 min. The quantum dots resulted in luminescence in the visible region. The as-synthesized colloidal solution of MoS2 quantum dots in distilled water showed excitation wavelength-dependent luminescence shifted to longer wavelength by varying excitation wavelength from 290 to 390 nm exhibiting the effect of wide size distribution. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction pattern, and zeta potential analysis demonstrated the formation of stoichiometric, highly crystalline, and stable MoS2 quantum dots. Raman spectra of the samples showed two sharp and intense Raman active modes A1g and E2g1 of the MoS2 crystal, indicating crystalline MoS2 quantum dot formation. As an electrocatalytic activity, MoS2 quantum dots exhibited a high rate of hydrogen generation with a minimum Tafel slope of ∼57 mV/dec. High surface area with a large number of active edges makes MoS2 QDs an active catalyst for hydrogen production.
Comparison of 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations for DC magnetron sputtering discharges
Authors: Zheng Bocong , Fu Yangyang , Wang Keliang , Tran Thanh , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua
Published: January 2021

One-dimensional and two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC)/Monte Carlo collision simulations are performed for a balanced direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) discharge. The plasma parameters obtained by both simulations above the target racetrack share similar features and magnitudes under similar discharge intensities, i.e., similar local discharge current densities. The commonly observed high-energy tail of electron energy distribution in DCMS discharges is reproduced in both simulations. The accuracy and applicability of using one-dimensional simulations to qualitatively investigate the characteristics of balanced DCMS discharge are confirmed. In terms of capturing the key physical mechanisms in DCMS, one-dimensional PIC simulation is an efficient method, which could largely alleviate the computational expense and preserve the physical fidelity of modeling results.
Surfactants and cloud droplet activation: A systematic extension of Köhler theory based on analysis of droplet stability
Authors: McGraw Robert , Wang Jian
Published: January 2021

The activation of aerosol particles to form cloud droplets, a necessary first step in cloud formation, controls much of the impact that aerosols have on clouds and climate. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in extending the Köhler theory of cloud droplet activation to include surface active (typically organic) as well as water-soluble (typically inorganic) aerosol components, but a systematic framework for doing this has yet to be developed. Here, we apply a droplet stability analysis to this end. Ideal and Szyszkowski–Langmuir surfactant models are analyzed to demonstrate the new approach, but the underlying theoretical framework is fundamental and model free. A key finding is that superficial densities at the cloud activation threshold (Köhler maximum) are significantly sub-monolayer, with fractional coverage ranging from 69% to 85% for the organic compounds and mixtures studied. The result, significant for model inventories of cloud condensation nuclei, is a weakening of the surfactant effect relative to expectations based on bulk sample measurements. Analytical results are obtained for the loci of Köhler maxima and applied to aerosol mixtures containing an arbitrary number of water-soluble and surfactant components.
Characterization of a vacuum ultraviolet light source at 118 nm
Authors: Gray John M. , Bossert Jason , Shyur Yomay , Saarel Ben , Briles Travis C. , Lewandowski H. J.
Published: January 2021

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light at 118 nm has been shown to be a powerful tool to ionize molecules for various gas-phase chemical studies. A convenient table top source of 118 nm light can be produced by frequency tripling 355 nm light from a Nd:YAG laser in xenon gas. This process has a low efficiency, typically producing only nJ/pulse of VUV light. Simple models of the tripling process predict that the power of 118 nm light produced should increase quadratically with increasing xenon pressure. However, experimental 118 nm production has been observed to reach a maximum and then decrease to zero with increasing xenon pressure. Here, we describe the basic theory and experimental setup for producing 118 nm light and a new proposed model for the mechanism limiting the production based on pressure broadened absorption.
Segmented line-focused V(z) transducer for enhancement of guided mode detection and measurement: A theoretical and numerical study
Authors: Lematre Michaël , Lethiecq Marc
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a method based on a modified V(z) transducer to enhance the detection of some guided modes and the measure of their phase velocity. Instead of using a curved continuous piezoelectric surface, a modified V(z) transducer is modeled with segmented piezoelectric elements, in order to limit the emitted acoustic energy to the desired angles. While maintaining the V(z) interference principle, this allows to restrict the acoustical energy to some specific angular directions, corresponding to guided modes that are difficult to excite and are usually hidden by more energetic ones in the V(z) spectra obtained using a classical V(z) transducer. Principles of generation and detection of modes are numerically studied in the case of a bronze plate of thickness 200 μm. The segmented V(z) transducer method is shown to be efficient for the guided modes that are poorly (or even not) detected in some frequency ranges with a classical V(z) transducer.
Void engineering in epitaxially regrown GaAs-based photonic crystal surface emitting lasers by grating profile design
Authors: McKenzie A. F. , King B. C. , Rae K. J. , Thoms S. , Gerrard N. D. , Orchard J. R. , Nishi K. , Takemasa K. , Sugawara M. , Taylor R. J. E. , Childs D. T. D. , MacLaren D. A. , Hogg R. A.
Published: January 2021

We report the engineering of air voids embedded in GaAs-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers realized by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy regrowth. Two distinct void geometries are obtained by modifying the photonic crystal grating profile within the reactor prior to regrowth. The mechanism of void formation is inferred from scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, with the evolution of the growth front illustrated though the use of an AlAs/GaAs superlattice structure. Competition between rapid lateral growth of the (100) surface and slow diffusion across higher index planes is exploited in order to increase the void volume, leading to an order of magnitude reduction in threshold current and an increase in output power through an increase in the associated grating coupling strength.
Nonequilibrium nonclassical phenomena in regions with membrane boundaries
Authors: Aristov V. V. , Voronich I. V. , Zabelok S. A.
Published: January 2021

In the present paper, we consider a number of problems related to nonclassical transport phenomena in gas flows in regions with membranes. Our simulations focus on complex flows that might be of interest given the current trends in developing new membrane technologies. The methodological basis of this study is numerical modeling within the framework of solving the Boltzmann equation by various methods. Comparison between direct methods for solving the Boltzmann equation and the direct Monte Carlo modeling makes the assessment of the potential of both methods and better estimation of the accuracy of calculations possible. Flows through one or two consecutive membranes are considered for the classes of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) problems. Several approaches to modeling thin membranes are discussed. Supersonic 2D flows in rectangular regions are considered. The results obtained confirm the assumptions of the 1D model of the membrane with additional explanation. The effects of nonclassical transfer are shown in 1D and 2D cases.
Force detection of high-frequency electron spin resonance near room temperature using high-power millimeter-wave source gyrotron
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Ishikawa Yuya , Okamoto Tsubasa , Hachiya Daiki , Dono Kazuki , Hayashi Kanata , Asano Takayuki , Mitsudo Seitaro , Ohmichi Eiji , Ohta Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

We report the measurement of force-detected electron spin resonance (FDESR) at 154 GHz using a gyrotron. The high output power allows the use of a strong transverse magnetic field larger than 10−4 T, which is sufficient to cause ESR saturation. We obtained the FDESR signal with a high spin sensitivity on the order of 1012 spins/G at 280 K. Our system has promising applications in high-frequency ESR studies of low-spin concentration samples, such as metalloprotein solutions.
Transfer learning with graph neural networks for optoelectronic properties of conjugated oligomers
Authors: Lee Chee-Kong , Lu Chengqiang , Yu Yue , Sun Qiming , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Zhang Shengyu , Liu Qi , Shi Liang
Published: January 2021

Despite the remarkable progress of machine learning (ML) techniques in chemistry, modeling the optoelectronic properties of long conjugated oligomers and polymers with ML remains challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient training data. Here, we use transfer learning to address the data scarcity issue by pre-training graph neural networks using data from short oligomers. With only a few hundred training data, we are able to achieve an average error of about 0.1 eV for the excited-state energy of oligothiophenes against time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. We show that the success of our transfer learning approach relies on the relative locality of low-lying electronic excitations in long conjugated oligomers. Finally, we demonstrate the transferability of our approach by modeling the lowest-lying excited-state energies of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in its single-crystal and solution phases using the transfer learning models trained with the data of gas-phase oligothiophenes. The transfer learning predicted excited-state energy distributions agree quantitatively with TDDFT calculations and capture some important qualitative features observed in experimental absorption spectra.
Corrigendum to: Carbon sources supporting Australia's most widely distributed freshwater fish, Nematalosa erebi (Günther) (Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae)
Authors: Pusey Bradley J. , Jardine Timothy D. , Beesley Leah S. , Kennard Mark J. , Ho Tsz Wai , Bunn Stuart E. , Douglas Michael M.
Published: January 2021

Both brown (detrital-based) and green (algal-based) food pathways support freshwater food webs, although the importance of either source may vary within species, regions and different phases of the flow regime. The bony bream (Nematalosa erebi Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae) is one of Australia's most widely distributed freshwater fish species and is a key component of freshwater food webs, especially in northern Australia. We sought to better define the feeding habits of this species, previously classified as a detritivore, algivore or zooplanktivore (or combinations thereof), by undertaking meta-analyses of published accounts based on stomach content analysis and 13C and 15N stable isotope analysis. Stomach content analysis clearly indicated that detritus was the dominant food item, although benthic algae could be an important dietary component in some habitats (inland river flood plains) and during the wet season. Zooplankton were important for small fish (i.e. juveniles 13C enriched, indicating the latter source was not the dominant contributor to the biomass of this species. However, using site-specific data and a regression approach, a significant relationship was revealed between algal carbon and that of large fish, suggesting that carbon derived from benthic algae contributed ~20% of the carbon of adult bony bream. Zooplankton contributed a similar amount. Zooplankton provided the majority of carbon for small fish. We contend that detritus derived from terrestrial vegetation is the likely remaining carbon source for large bony bream, and this interpretation was supported by the outcomes of multiple regression analyses. Although previous studies of aquatic food webs in northern Australia have emphasised the importance of high-quality algal basal resources, this study indicates that terrestrial sources may be important for some species and demonstrates the need to better consider the circumstances that cause biota to switch between different food sources.