bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunting vulnerability and wintering strategy among waterfowl in Camargue, France
Authors: Dehorter Olivier , Tamisier Alain
Published: May 2018

Hunting vulnerability of waterfowl species has often been associated with age and sex classes, or with body condition in relation to physiological constraints. In the Camargue, southern France, body weights and daily feeding duration of three dabbling duck species (teal Anas c. crecca, gadwall A. strepera and wigeon A. penelope) have recently been used to isolate three main periods in the winter season (August to March). These periods are characterised successively by high, low and high levels of energy demand, and they constitute the time schedule for a model of wintering strategy. For feeding, birds exploit the productive hunted marshes, mostly during the periods of high energy demand. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hunting vulnerability can be predicted from these seasonal patterns, being highest when energy demand is highest (at the beginning and at the end of the winter), and being lowest in mid‐winter when energy demand is lowest. We used numbers of birds killed (45,000 birds, including the species mentioned above, as well as mallard Anas platyrhynchos and coot Fulica atra) collected from hunting bags in three locations over 12 years, validated on 110,000 killed birds from another location, and adjusted to living (censused) birds. The results do not fit exactly to our predictions. They rather suggest that hunting vulnerability results from a combination of energy demand, habitat selection (both related to wintering strategy), chronology of migration and trophic status of duck species (granivorous vs herbivorous). At the beginning of the winter season, granivorous species, the first to arrive, are inexperienced to hunting, have a high energy demand and are highly vulnerable. At the middle of the winter season, when energy demands are low, the birds can escape from hunting to refuge areas. Meanwhile, herbivorous species, still arriving, must spend more time on feeding (vegetative food contains less energy than seeds) on productive hunted marshes; they suffer high hunting vulnerability from hunters who shift from granivorous to herbivorous species. At the end of the winter season, granivorous and herbivorous species rely on hunted areas for feeding and are very vulnerable. However, hunting vulnerability of a given species is lowered since hunting pressure during that last period of winter is shared among a maximum number of game species, some of which are migrating back from Africa.
Habitat structure, female distribution, and fallow deerDama damamating stands
Authors: Fur Cheryl Jones
Published: May 2018

Male fallow deerDama damaexhibit inter and intrapopulation variation in mating behaviour, including both territorial and non‐territorial mating tactics. During 1993 I investigated the relationship between fallow deer mating territory location and female distribution in relation to habitat characteristics at the Ottenby nature reserve in southern Sweden where males defend isolated mating stands during the autumn rut. Mating stands were positively associated with dense canopy cover and the presence of hazelCorylus avellanatrees, but negatively associated with the number of alderAlnus glutinosatrees. Preference for such sites may be connected with the types of display males engage in during the rut as both auditory and olfactory means of communication can be affected by habitat structure. In relation to one another, the stands were randomly dispersed throughout the wooded region and along the perimeter of fields, with no indication of clumping or overdispersion. Female distribution was not associated with any of the habitat characteristics, or with stand location. The idea that males might be defending areas of favoured resources was ruled out as a possible explanation for stand location, although the idea that males might be defending game trails frequented by females remains as a potential determinant of stand locations.
Culling of lynxes Lynx lynx related to livestock predation in a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Sunde Peter , Overskaug Kristian , Kvam Tor
Published: May 2018

Lynx Lynx lynx hunting in Norway is regulated through regional quotas according to the magnitude of predation on semi‐domesticated reindeer Rangifer tarandus and domestic sheep Oves aries. Lynxes and semi‐domesticated reindeer were studied using telemetry in an area in Nord‐Trøndelag County, Norway, with high lynx predation on reindeer and domestic sheep and a high hunting pressure on lynxes. The probability of an ungulate killed by lynxes being livestock as opposed to a roe deer (the only alternative wild ungulate) increased with increasing distance from fields (P < 0.0001) and roads (P < 0.0001). Hunting was the only mortality cause found for radiocollared lynxes. The culling of lynxes was biased towards the vicinity of roads and cultivated fields compared with the general distribution of radiocollared lynxes (P < 0.001) and radio‐collared semi‐domesticated reindeer killed by lynxes (P < 0.001). Because of the easy location in rural areas due to the well‐developed road system, lynxes suffered the highest hunting mortality in habitats where the proportion of livestock in the diet was lowest, whereas lynxes inhabiting alpine areas more than 3 km from the nearest road escaped hunting. The hunters' preference for hunting lynxes near roads leads to a risk of selective reduction in regions and habitats where lynxes do little harm, whereas numbers in remote areas with high predation on livestock may remain unaltered.
Harvesting and sex differences in demography
Authors: Lindström Jan
Published: May 2018

In studies of population dynamics and harvesting, differences in the demographic parameters of males and females are rarely dealt with explicitly. However, polygyny and sexual dimorphism, commonly observed in game animals, often result in sex differences in demographic parameters. A structurally simple deterministic two‐sex model was used to study the equilibrium population size and adult sex‐ratio under constant‐quota harvesting. The model allowed varying harem and brood size, condition dependent sex allocation and sex differences in recruitment probability and adult survival. The results show that demographic sex differences may lead to a recommendation for female biased culling. Adult sex‐ratio optimal for population growth is not evolutionarily stable. However, constant‐quota harvesting can lead to the optimal adult sex‐ratio for population growth in situations in which the mating system and female reproductive strategies would result in a radically different adult sex‐ratio if the population were left unharvested.
Perbedaan Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar IPA Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dan Inkuiri Terbimbing Pokok Bahasan Energi dan Daya Listrik Kelas IX di SMPN 20 Bandar Lampung
Authors: Hidayah Tsamaniariaty , Djasmi Sulton , Rosidin Undang
Published: May 2018

DIFFERENCES IN INCREASED ACHIEVEMENT OF SCIENCE LEARNING THROUGH PROBLEM BASED AND INQUIRY LEARNING GUIDED PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY AND POWER AT GRADE IX OF SMPN 20 BANDAR LAMPUNG. Difference Improving Learning Achievement of Science Through Learning Based On Problem And Discussion Guided Inquiry Energy And Power Supply Of Ninth Grade At Smpn 20 Bandar Lampung. The research aims to know : (1) difference in improving pre-test and post-test of cognitive in learning based of problem. (2) difference in improving pre-test and post-test of cognitive in learning guided inquiry. (3) difference in improving student's post-test of cognitive in learning based of problem and guided inquiry. This research is an experimental research by "pre-tes post-test one group design". Population in this research is all of the students of ninth grade at SMPN 20 Bandar Lampung. Sampling by purposive technique of ninth grade A and ninth grade C. Data is analyzed by mean difference test. Conclusion in this research are: (1) there is a difference in improving between cognitive test score is learning based on problem 18,98. (2) there is a difference in improving cognitive test score in learning guided inquiry 10,85. (3) there is a difference in improving cognitive test score is learning based on problem with cognitive test score in guided learning 3,60.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa
Authors: Rosdianwinata Eka , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: May 2018

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBING PROMPTING LEARNING MODEL ON UNDERSTANDING SKILLS OF STUDENT MATHEMATICS CONCEPT. This study aims to determine the ability of understanding the Probing Prompting grade VIII MTs MA Cikaliung model. The research method used posttest-only nonequivalent control group design. Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained t count = 0.883 and ttable = -1.672 with significance level α = 0.05. The words H0 and H1 are rejected, things that require an understanding of mathematical concepts capable of digging better than others.
Historic development in immigrant novels: the Jewish conflict in Anzia Yezierska's bread givers and Herman Wouk's Majorie Morningstar
Authors: Bélinki Karmela
Published: May 2018

The two novels of this paper, Anzia Yezierska’s Bread Givers and Herman Wouk´s Marjorie Morningstar, represent sequent generations in American Jewish immigrant literature. Bread Givers (1925) is partly an autobiographical novel, the story of an American Jewish immigrant girl in conflict with her traditional role as the servile daughter of a demanding father and the growing impact of American society. Marjorie Morningstar (1955) treats basically the same theme, the clash between tradition and transition, although from the point of view of second generation immigrants. The basic fears of assimilation and loss of identity in the Jewish sense are still there. Both novels also focus on the role of women and particularly the changing role of Jewish women.
PENGARUH PENANAMAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN C DAN N TANAH DI DESA RESAPOMBO, DOKO, BLITAR
Authors: Khalif Ulyan
Published: May 2018

Landuse change are suspected to be one responsible to soil fertility decline on Resapombo, Doko, Blitar. Efforts done by local farmers to deal with these problems are plantation of P. falcataria trough a reforestation program around 2011-2012. The benefits of the program are still need to be assessed so that this research was done (1) to compare the soil quality between P. falcataria-planted field and no P.falcataria field by the parameters of soil organic matter content and available N, (2) to study the relationship between organic matter input and soil organic matter content and available N, and (3) to identify factors affecting N availability post-P. falcatariaplantation. This research used randomized block design with 5 treatments (annual crop field, 3 and 6 years P. falcaria plantation field, agroforestry field with P. falcataria + coffee + talas plantation, and ex-P. falcataria-planted field. Soil were sampled compositely by 3 replication from 0-20 cm depth. Litter were sampled from a 0.5m2 sub-plot of each treatment. Results showed that P. falcataria plantations enhance soil fertility indicated by increased soil organic matter input to 10.6 times (monoculture) and 17.6 times (agroforestry) control, increased soil organic matter content by 1.5 times (monoculture) and 2.3 times(agroforestry) control, increased total N of 1.6 times (monoculture) and 2.4 times (agroforestry) control, increased ammonium by 1.7 times (monoculture) and 3.2 times (agroforestry) control, and increased nitrate by 2.4 times (monoculture) and 3.9 times(agroforestry) control.The increased soil N content of P. falcataria-planted field were caused by higher soil organic inputs compared to those with no P. falcataria plantation. Nitrogen availability affected by soil texture but have no relationship with soil pH. However, agroforestry fields showed higher pH, organic C, total N, and available N than monoculture P. falcataria fields. Measured soil chemical properties showed no significant change by the increase of P. falcataria age, moreover, they declined down towards control on ex-P. falcatariaplantation. This indicates that reforestation would only give a temporary soil quality enhancement.
Новые и редкие виды водорослей (Chlorophyta, Streptophyta) для почв северо-востока европейской части России
Authors: Новаковская И. В. , Патова Е. Н.
Published: May 2018

В статье опубликованы сведения о новых видах эукариотных водорослей для почв северо-востока европейской части России – Interfilum paradoxum, Leptosira cf. polychloris, Tetracystis cf. pampae, Ulothrix implexa и редких – Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides, Fottea pyrenoidosa. Для каждого вида приведено морфологическое описание и представлены микрофотографии, подробно описаны места сбора, а также дана эколого-географическая характеристика таксонов.
Біоіндикаційна оцінка впливу місць видалення відходів на стан навколишнього природного середовища
Authors: Писаренко П. В. , Самойлік М. С. , Молчанова А. В.
Published: May 2018

У статті проведено оцінку впливу звалища твердих побутових відходів (на прикладі звалища відходів міста Полтави) на біоту через визначення фітотоксичного впливу забрудненого ґрунту на схожість, ріст та кореневу систему рослин Triticum aestivum. Встановлено, що рівні пригніченості ростових процесів у даному ґрунті є вище за середні, що вказує на високий вміст важких металів у даному ґрунті та їх токсичний вплив на біоту у місці розташування звалища. Обґрунтовано, що використання пребіотика «Sviteco-PBG» дає змогу значно покращити якість ґрунту, і вже після 14 днів токсичний вплив на біоту в середньому зменшився на 10 %. Отже, використання пребіотиків дає змогу значно підвищити ефективність очистки ґрунту від важких металів, що в перспективі надає можливість повернути забруднені землі у господарський обіг.

The article assesses the impact of landfill of solid household waste (for example, landfill of waste from the city of Poltava) on biota due to the determination of the phytotoxic influence of contaminated soil on the growth, growth and root system of plants Triticum aestivum. It has been established that the level of depression of growth processes in this soil is higher than average, which indicates the high content of heavy metals in the given soil and their toxic effect on the biota at the location of the landfill. It was substantiated that using «Sviteco-PBG» prebiotic can significantly improve the soil quality, and after 14 days the toxic effect on biota has decreased by 10 % on average. Thus, the use of prebiotics can significantly improve the efficiency of soil cleaning from heavy metals, which in the long run provides an opportunity to return the contaminated land to economic circulation.
A Post Publication Review of “An investigation into failure of Internet firms: Towards development of a conceptual model."
Authors: Koh Sharon G.M. , Kwok Andrei O.J.
Published: May 2018

A short post publication review of a recent AJIS paper.
O Ensino de análise combinatória como referências curriculares para saberes docentes
Authors: Kashimoto Leonardo Kenji , Gomes de Oliveira Raquel
Published: May 2018

Para os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, a área de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e suas Tecnologias é caracterizada pela necessidade de oportunizar aos alunos a construção de sistemas de pensamentos mais abstratos e ressignificativos, atentando para isto a importância da compreensão de fenômenos físicos e sociais e de suas consequências. Este artigo é sobre uma pesquisa que objetivou realizar um levantamento de obstáculos, erros e dificuldades, apresentados por alunos do Ensino Médio quando se trabalhou em sala de aula o conteúdo Análise Combinatória, como meio para que competências e habilidades estruturantes do pensamento abstrato fossem desenvolvidas. De acordo com a análise dos dados, conclui-se que o distanciamento entre a prática pedagógica em sala de aula e a natureza deste conteúdo implicou insatisfatória aprendizagem dos alunos em termos de pensamento abstrato significativo em detrimento de produção simbólica com inconsistente significado matemático para os alunos.
Relatos de uma aula de química sobre modelos atômicos no Programa de Ensino Médio mediado por tecnologia.
Authors: Graça Yara Rodrigues , Monteiro Darlinda Dias
Published: May 2018

O artigo apresenta uma experiência sobre utilização dos recursos midiáticos na prática pedagógica dos professores de Química sobre o conteúdo modelos atômicos, proporcionando uma aprendizagem significativa. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Mídias do Estado do Amazonas com alunos do Ensino Médio, dentre eles algumas comunidade ribeirinhas e indígenas. O projeto vem oportunizando o desenvolvimento educacional dessas comunidades que são notadamente prejudicadas pelo difícil acesso e sazonalidade da região Amazônica. O principal objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar os recursos midiáticos utilizados na prática pedagógica no ensino de modelos atômicos, como ferramenta para desenvolver aprendizagem significativa dos alunos e aumentar a literacia tecnológica dos docentes.
Ensino Híbrido em formação docente de curso de Biologia em uma disciplina em Instituição de Ensino Superior Pública
Authors: Seiffert-Santos Saulo Cézar
Published: May 2018

As licenciaturas em Biologia promovem um esforço para formar professores de qualidade, contudo podem ofertar conteúdos científicos cristalizados na realidade escolar. O uso de Tecnologias de Comunicação e Informação podem colaborar para essa desnaturalização, assim a abordagem do Ensino Híbrido foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento da reflexão pedagógica e crítica na formação docente em Biologia. Buscou-se compreender formas de enfretamentos da descontextualização e a desnaturalização dos conteúdos científicos por meio do Ensino Híbrido. Realizou-se um estudo de caso da disciplina de Instrumentação para Ensino de Biologia, ministrada em 2013-2014 em uma IES pública no curso de Biologia. Foram analisadas atividades: Perfil Pedagógico, WebQuest, resenhas, propostas de aulas e memorial. As fontes indicam o processo continuo de diálogo, leitura da realidade, reflexão da concepção dos conteúdos biológicos são necessários em sala de aula. Observou-se a necessidade de reaprender conteúdos numa lógica em relação a integração teoria e prática no ensino.
Currículo Integrado: pensando o ensino integrado nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia no Brasil
Authors: Castaman Ana Sara , Hannecker Lenir Antonio
Published: May 2018

O presente texto tem por objetivo refletir acerca da articulação existente entre a educação básica e a profissional nos institutos federais e, especialmente, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Para tanto, nos baseamos metodologicamente em um estudo bibliográfico e documental. Analisa-se a legislação da educação profissional no Brasil e no IFRS, pautando-se em autores que se ocupam com o estudo da temática. Assim, em um primeiro momento esboçamos sobre a educação profissional no Brasil, direcionando o olhar para a constituição do ensino integrado. Em um segundo momento, avaliamos a alternância entre a integração e a concomitância e a transdisciplinaridade. Conclui-se que há experiências exitosas que articulam práticas pedagógicas bem-sucedidas com formação humana e técnica, mas persistem resistências evidentes que dificultam a integração entre disciplinas. O papel da escola é valorizar a integração curricular sintonizada com o mundo do trabalho e o contexto regional.
A metodologia Aprender Investigando (A/I) como aplicabilidade da pedagogia de projetos na formação inicial de professores
Authors: De Andrade Luciani Andrade , Gonzaga Amarildo Menezes
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta contribuições acerca da aplicação da Pedagogia de Projetos em formação inicial de professores por meio da metodologia Aprender Investigando (A/I) que tem como aporte teórico o trabalho por projetos enriquecido pelas vivências e experiências oriundas do espaço da sala de aula, neste caso o da formação inicial docente. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve revisão cronológica acerca do trabalho por projetos desde suas primeiras intenções de utilização, bem como suas várias denominações ao longo do tempo. Trazemos o entrelaçar que o trabalho por projetos faz com interdisciplinaridade uma vez que esta surge de maneira natural dada a característica investigativa desde tipo de metodologia. Apresentamos ainda, exemplos de formações docentes desenvolvidas pela pedagogia de projetos e por último, concluímos demonstrando como o A/I pode ser aplicado por meio da pedagogia de projetos em cursos de formação inicial de professores.
La dynamique des doubles contraintes dans les organisations
Authors: Ancelin-Bourguignon Annick
Published: May 2018

Cet article1mobilise le concept de double contrainte, « jumeau » de la notion de paradoxe, pour identifier précisément les différentes composantes des paradoxes organisationnels. Cet inventaire permet de montrer comment les doubles contraintes se sont récemment multipliées, notamment avec le développement conjoint des instruments de gestion et de certains discours, et par quels processus elles produisent du stress et de la souffrance au travail. Cette analyse permet de formuler des propositions qui permettent d’en limiter les effets pathogènes pour les personnes et contraires à la performance des organisations.
Une analyse bibliométrique de la recherche en gestion
Authors: Walsh Isabelle , Taupin Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Cet article se fonde sur la cartographie et l’analyse bibliométrique de la production en sciences de gestion publiée par laRevue française de gestion(RFG) entre 2002 et 2017. Les auteurs mettent en lumière les références théoriques utilisées comme inspiration par les auteurs de ces articles et les thématiques principales traitées au fil des mandatures des différents rédacteurs en chef de la revue. Leurs analyses rendent compte de la diversité du champ francophone des sciences de gestion tout en soulignant les évolutions constatées pendant la période étudiée.
Intraoperative cochlear nerve mapping with the mobile cochlear nerve compound action potential tracer in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Watanabe Nobuyuki , Ishii Takuya , Fujitsu Kazuhiko , Kaku Shogo , Ichikawa Teruo , Miyahara Kosuke , Okada Tomu , Tanino Shin , Uriu Yasuhiro , Murayama Yuichi
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

The authors describe the usefulness and limitations of the cochlear nerve compound action potential (CNAP) mobile tracer (MCT) that they developed to aid in cochlear nerve mapping during vestibular schwannoma surgery (VSS) for hearing preservation.

METHODS

This MCT device requires no more than 2 seconds for stable placement on the nerve to obtain the CNAP and thus is able to trace the cochlear nerve instantaneously. Simultaneous bipolar and monopolar recording is possible. The authors present the outcomes of 18 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative useful hearing (defined as class I or II of the Gardner-Robertson classification system) and underwent hearing-preservation VSS with the use of the MCT. Mapping was considered successful when it was possible to detect and trace the cochlear nerve.

RESULTS

Mapping of the cochlear nerve was successful in 13 of 18 patients (72.2%), and useful hearing was preserved in 11 patients (61.1%). Among 8 patients with large tumors (Koos grade 3 or 4), the rate of successful mapping was 62.5% (5 patients). The rate of hearing preservation in patients with large tumors was 50% (4 patients).

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to microsurgical presumption of the arrangement of each nerve, frequent probing on and around an unidentified nerve and comparison of each waveform are advisable with the use of both more sensitive monopolar and more location-specific bipolar MCT. MCT proved to be useful in cochlear nerve mapping and may consequently be helpful in hearing preservation. The authors discuss some limitations and problems with this device.
Preservation of electrophysiological functional connectivity after partial corpus callosotomy: case report
Authors: Casimo Kaitlyn , Grassia Fabio , Poliachik Sandra L. , Novotny Edward , Poliakov Andrew , Ojemann Jeffrey G.
Published: May 2018

Prior studies of functional connectivity following callosotomy have disagreed in the observed effects on interhemispheric functional connectivity. These connectivity studies, in multiple electrophysiological methods and functional MRI, have found conflicting reductions in connectivity or patterns resembling typical individuals. The authors examined a case of partial anterior corpus callosum connection, where pairs of bilateral electrocorticographic electrodes had been placed over homologous regions in the left and right hemispheres. They sorted electrode pairs by whether their direct corpus callosum connection had been disconnected or preserved using diffusion tensor imaging and native anatomical MRI, and they estimated functional connectivity between pairs of electrodes over homologous regions using phase-locking value. They found no significant differences in any frequency band between pairs of electrodes that had their corpus callosum connection disconnected and those that had an intact connection. The authors’ results may imply that the corpus callosum is not an obligatory mediator of connectivity between homologous sites in opposite hemispheres. This interhemispheric synchronization may also be linked to disruption of seizure activity.
Integration, Attribution, and Value in the Web of Natural History Museum Data
Authors: Bentley Andrew
Published: May 2018

Collections, aggregators, data re-packagers, publishers, researchers, and external user groups form a complex web of data connections and pipelines. This forms the natural history infrastructure essential for collections use by an ever increasing and diverse external user community. We have made great strides in developing the individual actors within this system and we are now well poised to utilize these capabilities to address big picture questions. We need to continue work on the individual aspects, but the focus now needs to be on integration of the functionality provided by the actors involved in the pipeline to facilitate the transfer of data between them with as few human interventions as possible. In order for the system to function efficiently and to the benefit of all parties, information, data, and resources need not only to be integrated efficiently but flow in the reverse direction (attribution) to facilitate collections advocacy and sustainability. There are unrealized benefits to collections from inclusion into aggregators and subsequent use by researchers and publishers. A recent National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Research Coordination Network (RCN) Biodiversity Collections Network (BCoN) needs assessment workshop identified a possible solution to the integration and attribution of collections data and specimen information using a suite of unique, persistent identifiers for specimen records (Universally Unique Identifiers or UUIDs), datasets (Digital Object Identifiers or DOIs) and institutions/collections (Cool Uniform Resource Identifiers or Cool URIs). This talk will highlight this potential workflow and the work needed to achieve this solution while soliciting participation from actors in the pipeline and the community at large.
Detecting and identifying ectomycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii, Nothofagaceae) forest: a case study
Authors: Orlovich David , Nilsen Andy , Teasdale Suliana , Guy Paul , Summerfield Tina
Published: May 2018

Adventitious roots in canopy soils associated with silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii (Hook.f.) Heenan & Smissen (Nothofagaceae)) form ectomycorrhizal associations. We used amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region to compare diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal species in canopy and terrestrial sites. The study data are archived as an NCBI BioProject (accession PRJNA421209), with the raw DNA sequence reads available from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive SRA637723 Community composition of canopy ectomycorrhizal fungi was significantly different to the terrestrial community composition, with several abundant ectomycorrhizal species significantly more represented in the terrestrial soil than the canopy soil. Additionally, we found evidence that an introduced ectomycorrhizal species was present in these native forest soils. We identified OTUs in two ways: (i) by manually curated BLAST searching of the NCBI nr database, and (ii) by comparison with Species Hypotheses on UNITE v.7.2. We desired to make species identifications where we could be reasonably confident they were robust, but had to avoid making identifications when an incorrect name could have implications for biosecurity or our understanding of biodiversity and biogeography. We found some UNITE Species Hypotheses included sequences of more than one taxon, which we were able to separate and distinguish by phylogenetic analysis. Consequently we exercised caution in reporting names based on the Species Hypotheses.

Using data from this case study, we will illustrate the achievements and challenges faced in identifying species of ectomycorrhizal fungi from DNA barcodes. Most DNA sequences of ectomycorrhizal fungi matched closely New Zealand voucher specimens stored in either the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD) or the Otago Regional Herbarium (OTA), which facilitated the validation of identifications. In the case of PDD specimens, collection and DNA data were linked via the Systematics Collections Data database (https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz). We are working towards a similar database for OTA specimens, using the Specify 6 database platform.
Du bon usage thérapeutique de l’objet domestique
Authors: Furtos Jean , Furtos Jean
Published: May 2018

L’auteur propose une réflexion où l’objet domestique, notamment la nourriture, peut se concevoir comme un objet qui fait partie du cadre privé du patient, chez lui ou en institution. À cet égard, il est porteur de sens social et ritualisé, en même temps qu’il peut se faire le support d’un sens transférentiel lequel permet d’éclairer certains dysfonctionnements du cadre de soin et d’ouvrir à du nouveau, de l’inattendu, contribuant à sortir d’une répétition mortifère. En appui sur son expérience clinique dans différents cadres thérapeutiques, en hospitalisation à domicile, en hospitalisation complète, en hôpital de jour, en ambulatoire, étayée des théories de la psychothérapie institutionnelle l’auteur interroge le rapport à la nourriture et ce qu’il recouvre et contient comme manifestations transféro-contre-transférentielles. Le rôle des praticiens du quotidien en institutions en ce qu’ils accueillent et traduisent ces différents mouvements est questionné.
Influence of portofolio management in decision-making
Authors: Baptestone Rolney , Rabechini Roque
Published: May 2018

This research aims to demonstrate how portfolio management influences the decision-making process in the projects of a financial organization. And to achieve this goal was used the single case study method. In order to reach this goal, the study began by means of bibliometric research on the subject of portfolio management and subsequent bibliographic research on the theme, decision making. Next, the relationships between portfolio management and decision making were studied. The results of the data collected confirmed the relationship between "the use of the project identification process in portfolio management to influence decision making" in order to add value to the business. It is also possible to demonstrate moderately that "the use of criteria for project selection influences the consequences of decision making", helping in the strategic management of the organization. One of the academic contributions was to note a migration of the portfolio management process, such as a tool that only controls the projects that will compose the portfolio of an organization, for a process that aims at a direct alignment with the strategic management of the organization. Regarding the practical implications, it was verified the importance of portfolio analysis for decision making, to the detriment of the evaluation of only one project. Taking into account the profitability and the return on investment of the projects, as the most important aspects for a decision making.
Lo local y lo global de la colaboración científica: ¿qué significa, y cómo visualizarlo y medirlo?
Authors: Jung Nina , Ruiz-León Alejandro Arnulfo
Published: May 2018

En un contexto en que hay gran interés en intensificar la colaboración internacional dentro de la práctica científica, este trabajo plantea un acercamiento sobre cómo medir y visualizar el trabajo colaborativo internacional a nivel institucional. Como caso de estudio consideramos las tres áreas del Subsistema de Investigación Científica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos Web of Science, Core Collection y consideramos la producción con participación de instituciones extranjeras (coautoría), en el periodo 1981 a 2013. Para medir la colaboración internacional construimos un índice con base en el número de colaboraciones por institución, en que dichos vínculos se ponderaron a partir de su consistencia durante el periodo considerado. Otro índice toma en cuenta las instituciones extranjeras y países de origen. Visualizamos las redes con Pajek.
Las revisiones sistemáticas en Biblioteconomía y Documentación: análisis y evaluación del proceso de búsqueda
Authors: Salvador-Oliván José Antonio , Marco-Cuenca Gonzalo , Arquero-Avilés Rosario
Published: May 2018

El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar si las revisiones sistemáticas en Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ByD) proporcionan información completa sobre todos los elementos que conforman el proceso de búsqueda. Se identificaron revisiones de las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, LISTA, Library Science Database, Medline y de una wiki, publicadas desde el 2000 hasta febrero de 2017, que tuvieran en el título los términos “revisiones sistemáticas” y/o “metaanálisis”. Se creó una lista con 12 elementos recomendados de las principales guías de publicación para valorar el grado de información sobre cada uno de ellos. La mayoría de las revisiones en ByD son creadas por profesionales de la información, que informan de manera deficiente del método de búsqueda, ya que de las 94 revisiones finalmente seleccionadas, solo el 4,3% incluían todos los elementos de la búsqueda, siendo el nombre de la base de datos el más frecuente (95,6%) y el menos la plataforma (35,8%). Es necesario mejorar y completar la información del proceso de búsqueda si se desea reproducir o actualizar la revisión y evaluar su calidad.
¿Tiene sentido limitar la coautoría científica? No existe inflación de autores en Ciencias Sociales y Educación en España
Authors: Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , Amat Carlos B.
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la coautoría en España en Ciencias Sociales para el periodo 2000-2013. El objetivo es explorar hasta qué punto están justificadas las limitaciones en número de autores que establecen las distintas agencias de evaluación españolas. El análisis de 11681 trabajos españoles de investigación en 20 categorías temáticas de las ciencias sociales revela que no hay inflación en el número de autores, que el tamaño de los equipos es homologable al de los trabajos internacionales en las mismas áreas y que el número de firmantes depende de la colaboración institucional y del nivel de internacionalización de los equipos. A excepción de los trabajos en Antropología y en Educación especial, el número de autores no es superior a cuatro. Sin embargo, son los trabajos con mayor número de autores los que obtienen un impacto mayor. El estudio evolutivo muestra una tendencia muy importante al alza en el tamaño de los equipos. En conjunto, estos resultados sugieren que carece de utilidad la limitación administrativa del número de firmantes que, con independencia de su eficacia en combatir la autoría honoraria, puede ir en perjuicio de la colaboración, la internacionalización y el posterior impacto de los trabajos.
Beyond “austerity vs. expansion”: Elements for a structural theory of liquidity policy
Authors: Cardinale Ivano , Scazzieri Roberto
Published: May 2018

Recent years have witnessed a sustained, and often inconclusive, discussion between two opposing views of economic policy. Economists primarily concerned with the economic disruption associated with inflationary pressures, credit bubbles, and bankruptcies have leaned toward “austerity policies,” seen as ways to restore confidence and to make investment decisions attractive. On the other hand, economists concerned with deflationary pressures, liquidity shortages, and unemployment have leaned toward expansionary policies seen as ways to rescue the economy from the slump, and to trigger a virtuous circle of boosted consumer and investor confidence, higher aggregate expenditure, and self-sustained growth.This paper argues that a conceptual shift is necessary in order to provide an adequate explanation of the upswings and downswings of a modern industrial economy, and effective guidance to short- and medium-term stabilization and growth policy. It draws attention to the structural theory of economic fluctuations and crises formulated at the turn of the twentieth century and suggests that this theory provides the conceptual building blocks needed to overcome the micro-macro dichotomy and to understand the differentiated reaction patterns characterizing industrial economies facing shocks, be they externally or internally created. The paper lays the foundations for the subsequent discussion by outlining the central role of levels of aggregation and sectoral interdependencies as the generating mechanism of macroeconomic relationships. It then examines the structural asymmetries characterizing economic dynamics and the opportunities and constraints for economic policy that derive from those asymmetries. The paper closes by outlining a structural theory of liquidity policy and its implications for the relationship between austerity and expansion as means toward stabilization and growth.
An initial step in the early stages of business cycle theories: The contribution of T. Veblen
Authors: Dutraive Véronique
Published: May 2018

Le but de cet article est d’évaluer la conception des cycles économiques de T. Veblen et de déterminer les types de théories qui la fondent. La première section souligne la dimension institutionnelle sous-jacente à la théorie de Veblen. La deuxième section présente cette conception du cycle économique et des crises. La troisième section s’attache à déterminer si cette conception du cycle économique peut être classée comme exogène ou endogène, et si les fluctuations considérées sont monétaires ou réelles. La section finale proposera une interprétation mettant en évidence les mécanismes évolutifs et dynamiques en suggérant une comparaison avec certains modèles contemporains multi-agents simulant les crises financières.
A BIOABSORBABLE, DEGRADABLE STENT WITH A DRUG RELEASE SYSTEM
Authors: Liu Si W. , Weng Ching-Sung , Wang Shih-Ming , Wang Wei-Jie , Wang Ming-Chen
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to develop a bioabsorbable, degradable stent for drug storage that can be produced rapidly. A stent with a length of 28[Formula: see text]mm and a diameter of 6[Formula: see text]mm was generated by injecting polycaprolactone (PCL) (PubChem CID:6452583) into a mold created using a toggle-type microtool machine. Micropores of 0.5[Formula: see text]mm diameter and 0.6[Formula: see text]mm depth were created on stents. A stent had 54 pores, and each pore had a storage volume of 0.1175[Formula: see text]c3. To determine the optimal PCL concentration for stent construction, stents of three PCL concentrations (20%, 25%, and 30%) were fabricated in the experiment, and the material and chemical properties of the stents were determined. In addition, four proportions of PCL:PLGA (10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 0:10) were tested, and the corresponding pore degradation time was employed as a reference parameter for controlling the amount of drug release in the stent design. With an increase in PCL concentration from 20% to 30%, the load increased from 39.718 to 63.5[Formula: see text]N. The stent with 25% PCL concentration exhibited optimal surface roughness ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm). Finally, scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of the material with 25% PCL concentration did not contain any fractures and exhibited planar evenness. The results demonstrate the development of a bioabsorbable, degradable stent that can be applied in vascular surgery.
MicroRNA-302 Cluster Downregulates Enterovirus 71–Induced Innate Immune Response by Targeting KPNA2
Authors: Peng Nanfang , Yang Xuecheng , Zhu Chengliang , Zhou Li , Yu Haisheng , Li Mengqi , Lin Yong , Wang Xueyu , Li Qian , She Yinglong , Wang Jun , Zhao Qian , Lu Mengji , Zhu Ying , Liu Shi
Published: May 2018

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) induces significantly elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, leading to local or systemic inflammation and severe complications. As shown in our previous study, microRNA (miR) 302c regulates influenza A virus–induced IFN expression by targeting NF-κB-inducing kinase. However, little is known about the role of the miR-302 cluster in EV71-mediated proinflammatory responses. In this study, we found that the miR-302 cluster controls EV71-induced cytokine expression. Further studies demonstrated that karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) is a direct target of the miR-302 cluster. Interestingly, we also found that EV71 infection upregulates KPNA2 expression by downregulating miR-302 cluster expression. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that KPNA2 intracellularly associates with JNK1/JNK2 and p38, leading to translocation of those transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus. In EV71-infected patients, miR-302 cluster expression was downregulated and KPNA2 expression was upregulated compared with controls, and their expression levels were closely correlated. Taken together, our work establishes a link between the miR-302/ KPNA2 axis and EV71-induced cytokine expression and represents a promising target for future antiviral therapy.
CD4 T Cell Affinity Diversity Is Equally Maintained during Acute and Chronic Infection
Authors: Andargachew Rakieb , Martinez Ryan J. , Kolawole Elizabeth M. , Evavold Brian D.
Published: May 2018

TCR affinity for peptide MHC dictates the functional efficiency of T cells and their propensity to differentiate into effectors and form memory. However, in the context of chronic infections, it is unclear what the overall profile of TCR affinity for Ag is and if it differs from acute infections. Using the comprehensive affinity analysis provided by the two-dimensional micropipette adhesion frequency assay and the common indirect affinity evaluation methods of MHC class II tetramer and functional avidity, we tracked IAb GP61–80–specific cells in the mouse model of acute (Armstrong) and chronic (clone 13) lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. In each response, we show CD4 T cell population affinity peaks at the effector phase and declines with memory. Of interest, the range and average relative two-dimensional affinity was equivalent between acute and chronic infection, indicating chronic Ag exposure did not skew TCR affinity. In contrast, functional and tetramer avidity measurements revealed divergent results and lacked a consistent correlation with TCR affinity. Our findings highlight that the immune system maintains a diverse range in TCR affinity even under the pressures of chronic Ag stimulation.
Decision to Return to Sport Participation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part II: Self-Reported and Functional Performance Outcomes
Authors: Werner Jennifer L. , Burland Julie P. , Mattacola Carl G. , Toonstra Jenny , English Robert A. , Howard Jennifer S.
Published: May 2018

Context: 

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is the most commonly used method for helping athletes regain function and return to preinjury activity levels after ACL injury. Outcomes after ACLR have suggested that athletes return to a level of function that would support a return to sport participation; however, in a recent meta-analysis, pooled return rates were only 55%. It is unclear whether this discrepancy is a result of functional impairments.

Objective: 

To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs), dynamic balance, dynamic functional performance, strength, and muscular endurance in athletes who returned to sport (RTS) and athletes who did not return to sport (NRTS) after ACLR.

Design: 

Case-control study.

Setting: 

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Two groups of participants with primary unilateral ACLR: 18 RTS individuals (7 males, 11 females; age = 23 ± 11 years, height = 163.58 ± 40.41 cm, mass = 70.00 ± 21.75 kg, time since surgery = 4.02 ± 3.20 years) and 12 NRTS individuals (5 males, 7 females; age = 26 ± 13 years, height = 171.33 ± 48.24 cm, mass = 72.00 ± 21.81 kg, time since surgery = 3.68 ± 2.71 years).

Intervention(s): 

The PROs consisted of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner Activity Scale, and Marx Activity Scale. Functional performance outcome measures were the anterior and posteromedial reach on the Star Excursion Balance Test, a battery of single-legged–hop tests, isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength at 60°/s and 180°/s, and a novel step-down-to-fatigue test. All measures were taken during a single laboratory session.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

The Limb Symmetry Index was calculated for all functional performance measures. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare measures between groups (P < .10).

Results: 

Compared with the RTS group, the NRTS group had lower scores on the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (RTS median = 92.52, range = 66.67–97.70; NRTS median = 82.76, range = 63.22–96.55; P = .03) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Symptoms subscale (RTS median = 88, range = 54–100; NRTS median = 71, range = 54–100; P = .08). No differences were observed for any functional performance measures.

Conclusions: 

The NRTS athletes displayed lower PROs despite demonstrating similar function on a variety of physical performance measures. These results further support existing evidence that physical performance alone may not be the ideal postoperative outcome measure. Measures of patients' symptoms and self-perceived physical function may also greatly influence postoperative activity choices.