bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Níveis de sombreamento e tipos de malha no crescimento e produção de óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta
Authors: Costa Andressa G , Chagas Jorge H , Bertolucci Suzan KV , Pinto José EBP
Published: June 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento vegetativo da planta, o teor, o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita), cultivada sob diferentes malhas e níveis de irradiância. As plantas foram cultivadas sob a malha preta e aluminizada com diferentes níveis de sombreamento (0, 30, 50 e 70%). Realizou-se a colheita quatro meses após o plantio. A área foliar (AF), razão peso foliar (RPF) e o teor do óleo essencial não diferiram significativamente. A biomassa seca da folha (BSF), do caule (BSC), da raiz (BSR), total (BST), razão da área foliar (RAF) e área foliar específica (AFE) das plantas cultivadas em cada malha apresentaram comportamentos distintos nos diferentes níveis de sombreamento. O crescimento das plantas de hortelã-pimenta foi 12,5% menor na malha preta (32,6 g planta-1) e quanto maior o sombreamento menor foi a produção de biomassa nas malhas aluminizada e preta (34,2 e 17,7 g planta-1, respectivamente). O rendimento de óleo essencial foi de 1,26 mL planta-1para malha preta e 1,34 mL planta-1 para malha aluminizada. O crescimento e rendimento de óleo essencial foram superiores no cultivo a pleno sol do que nas malhas e seus diferentes níveis de sombreamento. A hortelã-pimenta respondeu distintamente aos níveis de sombreamento e malhas quanto aos teores dos monoterpenos majoritários; assim, sugere-se o cultivo a pleno sol.
Análise de imagens no estudo morfológico e fisiológico de sementes de abóbora
Authors: Silva Patricia P , Freitas Raquel A , Cícero Silvio M , Marcos-Filho Júlio , Nascimento Warley M
Published: June 2014

A obtenção de sementes de abóbora com alta qualidade fisiológica é fundamental para colocar a produção nacional em condições de competitividade com as sementes importadas. Uma técnica que vem sendo utilizada recentemente para estudos relacionados à elucidação de vários aspectos do comportamento das sementes é a análise de imagens, incluindo as obtidas por meio do raio X. Esta técnica consiste em radiografar sementes com o objetivo de avaliar a morfologia interna e, assim, estabelecer relações com o desempenho da semente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se a técnica de raio X pode ser utilizada com sucesso na detecção de anormalidades e seus reflexos na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de abóbora. Foram utilizadas sementes de abóbora 'Brasileirinha' provenientes de frutos com diferentes estádios de maturação (30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a antese). Em cada época, as sementes foram extraídas imediatamente após a colheita ou após o armazenamento dos frutos por 15 dias. No teste de raio X as sementes foram submetidas à intensidade de 25 kV por 40 segundos e, em seguida, foi conduzido teste de germinação sob temperatura alternada de 20-30ºC. Após quatro dias foi realizada a primeira contagem e após oito dias a última leitura, computando-se as porcentagens de plântulas normais, anormais e as sementes mortas. Após a obtenção do resultado do teste de germinação foi feita comparação desses resultados com imagens da morfologia interna de cada semente, obtidas por meio do raio X. Foi constatado que a técnica de raio X é eficiente na detecção de sementes mal formadas bem como de sementes vazias de abóbora e estas afetam negativamente sua germinação.
Podridão apical e escaldadura em frutos de pimentão submetidos a estresse hídrico e doses de silício
Authors: Cantuário Fernando S , Luz José MQ , Pereira Alexandre IA , Salomão Leandro C , Rebouças Tiyoko NH
Published: June 2014

As respostas da planta de pimentão submetida ao estresse hídrico são pouco conhecidas. A busca por indutores de resistência ao estresse hídrico (como a adubação silicatada) pode ser uma importante medida para reduzir os efeitos negativos desse estresse abiótico. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi testar a hipótese de que a adubação silicatada aplicada via foliar pode atenuar a incidência de anomalias causadas pelo estresse hídrico na qualidade dos frutos de pimentão. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na área experimental de olericultura do Instituto Federal Goiano, câmpus Urutaí-GO. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com parcela subdividida no espaço, em esquema fatorial 3x4, sendo três doses de silício (0,0, 4,3, 8,6 kg ha-1) na forma de silicato de potássio (K2SiO3) e quatro tensões de água no solo de aproximadamente -15, -25, -35 e -45 kPa, totalizando 12 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Os níveis de água no solo para a produção do pimentão, cultivar híbrido Magali-R, variaram desde a suficiente oferta de água até o déficit hídrico e, também, valores intermediários. Vinte e uma aplicações foliares de silicato de potássio foram efetuadas semanalmente ao longo do experimento. O aumento da tensão de água no solo e a ausência do silicato de potássio estiveram correlacionados com a incidência da podridão apical nos frutos. Nenhum dos dois fatores estudados influenciou a incidência de escaldadura nos frutos de pimentão. No total foram 129 frutos de pimentão com podridão apical e 70 com escaldadura, representando 2,14% e 1,16% do total de frutos colhidos.
Rendimento de tubérculos de clones elite de batata
Authors: Silva Giovani O , Pereira Arione S , Suinaga Fabio A , Carvalho Agnaldo DF
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de sete clones elite de batata quanto a caracteres de rendimento de tubérculos, em comparação com cultivares utilizadas em grande escala no Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Canoinhas-SC. Foram avaliados sete clones elite desenvolvidos pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Batata da Embrapa e duas cultivares comerciais (Agata e Asterix), no cultivo de primavera de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de uma linha com 10 plantas. Aos 110 dias após o plantio foram realizadas a colheita e avaliações de caracteres componentes do rendimento de tubérculos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, agrupamento de médias por Scott & Knott e correlações fenotípicas. Com exceção de F22-08-01, todos os clones superaram as testemunhas quanto a caracteres de rendimento, com destaque para os clones F74-08-09 e F17-08-01. O rendimento total de tubérculos foi determinado principalmente pela massa média de tubérculos e pouco influenciado pelo número total de tubérculos por planta, enquanto a massa de tubérculos comerciais foi determinada pelo número de tubérculos comerciais e massa média de tubérculos.
Densidade de plantio e genótipos de tomateiro cereja em sistema fechado de cultivo em substrato
Authors: Peil Roberta MN , Albuquerque Neto Antonio AR , Rombaldi Cesar V
Published: June 2014

O cultivo de tomateiro em sistemas fechados (com reutilização da solução drenada) é essencial para reduzir as perdas de água e nutrientes e a contaminação ambiental, mas escassas são as informações na literatura. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de densidades de cultivo (2,9; 3,9; 4,7; 5,9 e 7,8 plantas m-2) no crescimento, na produtividade e na qualidade de frutos de dois genótipos de tomateiro cereja ('Cereja Vermelho' e 'Flavor Top') cultivados em casca de arroz com sistema fechado de circulação da solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados a produção e partição da matéria seca de hastes, folhas e frutos; número, massa fresca média e produtividade de frutos; teor de sólidos solúveis e concentração de fitoquímicos (carotenóides, compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante). 'Cereja Vermelho' apresentou maior alocação de fotoassimilados nos frutos, crescimento e produtividade e 'Flavor Top' apresentou maior concentração de sólidos solúveis, maior concentração de fenóis e capacidade antioxidante. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o crescimento individual das plantas sem afetar a partição de matéria seca, aumentando a produtividade por unidade de área. As densidades de plantio de 5,9 e 7,8 plantas m-2 são as mais adequadas, respectivamente, para 'Cereja Vermelho' e 'Flavor Top'.
Land Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) in Remnants of Deciduous Forest in the Northeast Region Of Southern Brazil
Authors: Amaral Silvana Vargas do , Hack Ilana Rossi , Iturralde Giuly Gouvêa , Leal-Zanchet Ana Maria
Published: June 2014

Land flatworms show high endemism due to their restricted mobility. In southern Brazil, land flatworm communities have been found mainly in areas of ombrophilous forests. Thus, this study documents land planarian species composition in remnants of deciduous seasonal forest in the northeast region of southern Brazil. Direct, diurnal samplings reveal the occurrence of 26 species of land flatworms, of which one belongs to the subfamily Rhynchodeminae and the others to the subfamily Geoplaninae. The Rhynchodeminae genus Rhynchodemus Leidy 1851 and the following Geoplaninae genera occurred: CephaloflexaCarbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003, Choeradoplana Graff, 1896, Imbira Carbayo et al., 2013, IssocaFroehlich, 1955, LuteostriataCarbayo, 2010, Obama Carbayo et al., 2013, Paraba Carbayo et al., 2013, Pasipha Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990 and XerapoaFroehlich, 1955, besides the collective group Pseudogeoplana Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990. The genus Obama had the highest species richness (S=6), followed by Paraba (S=4) and Pasipha (S=3). Eighteen species were recorded exclusively in one of the two study areas, and eight species occurred in both sites. The known distribution of Luteostriata abundans (Graff, 1899), Choeradoplana iheringiGraff, 1899, Obama ficki (Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012), Imbira guaiana (Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2001) and Pasipha hauseri (Froehlich, 1959) is increased. Results emphasize the relevance of expanding taxonomic studies on land flatworms and including more study areas in southern Brazil.
Range extension of the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Panopeidae): A new record for the coastal south of Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos A. , Vieira Rony R.R. , D'Incao Fernando
Published: June 2014

The discovery of Eurypanopeus depressus (Decapoda: Panopeidae; Smith, 1869) on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil suggests that the species was recently introduced, possibly due to different sources of introduction, such as the ballast water of ships. E. depressus were collected using otter-trawl net in the Patos Lagoon Estuary. Discussion focuses on the fact that the primary South American distribution derives from Uruguayan shores, and later expanded to nearby places (Brazil and Argentina). This work extends the Southern Hemisphere distribution for the species, as it was previously reported only from Argentina to Uruguay.
Fish composition and prey utilization of the black skimmer (Rynchops niger) in mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina
Authors: Mariano-Jelicich Rocío , García Germán , Favero Marco
Published: June 2014

Lagoons along the western coast of the South Atlantic Ocean shelter high densities of juvenile fish and are key areas for several seabirds that rely on the resources offered by this kind of ecosystem. The objective of this study was to analyze fish composition and abundance in shallow-water areas of the estuarine region of Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina) and the diet composition of the Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) during its non-breeding season as well as evaluating its inter-annual variations. Fish were sampled with a beach-seine net and the skimmers' diet was analyzed from their pellets. The estuarine-dependent marine fishes were the best represented bio-ecological category followed by freshwater fishes. Significant differences were observed in fish abundance and composition between and within years. Species richness was higher during the summer season and during the first year sampled. The occurrence of freshwater fishes as an important and diverse group of the Mar Chiquita estuarine area contrasted with previous reports. The diet of the Black skimmer included freshwater, estuarine and marine fish species. Skimmers forage in the shallow waters of the estuarine area of the Mar Chiquita Coastal lagoon though little similarity was observed between its diet and local fish abundance. These results emphasize the importance of performing these evaluations in order to improve the quality of studies and the interpretations of top predators foraging ecology.
Comparison between the shrimp species richness (Caridea and Dendrobranchiata, Decapoda, Crustacea) of the south and north mid Atlantic ridge
Authors: Cardoso Irene Azevedo , Falkenhaug Tone , Fernandes Luiz Fernando Loureiro
Published: June 2014

The Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a seamount chain extending for 60.000 km, divided into south and north regions by the Equatorial Fracture which cuts across it. This latter has a maximum depth of 7,760 m and an average width of 19 km. In this study we include data from the two cruises of the international project MAR-ECO, undertaken, respectively, one on the north and the other on the south MAR. Our main objective is to compare the species richness and species composition of pelagic and benthic decapod shrimps of these two areas to observe the patterns of their latitudinal distribution along the MAR. Using rarefaction methods, we obtained interesting results: the pelagic samples curve of the northern MAR is almost an asymptote, so we concluded that we are close to the true number of pelagic shrimp species for this region. The pelagic samples curve of the southern MAR had the greatest slope, so our conclusion is that we are still far from the true number of species for this region. A comparison of species richness at 12 samples (the smallest number of samples shared by both the surveys) revealed that the pelagic species richness was greater than the demersal, and that the northern MAR contained a larger number of species than the southern.
Standardization of a protocol to extract and analyze chlorophyll a and carotenoids in Gracilaria tenuistipitata Var. Liui. Zhang and Xia (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Torres Priscila Bezerra , Chow Fungyi , Furlan Cláudia Maria , Mandelli Fernanda , Mercadante Adriana , Santos Déborah Yara Alves Cursino dos
Published: June 2014

Chlorophyll a and carotenoids are important pigments in photosynthesis. Several studies have been published describing extraction and analysis protocols of these pigments, mainly in vascular plant species. This study standardizes an extraction and analysis protocol of these substances in Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui, a red seaweed. Apical portions grown in vitro were triturated in liquid nitrogen. Extracts were prepared in 1.5 mL solvent and centrifuged. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of pigments were performed by UV/visible light spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The parameters assessed were: minimum biomass, best extraction solvent, and number of extraction steps. Methanol was the most efficient solvent, and 50 mg fresh biomass was the amount of sample indicated, submitted to one single extraction step. No significant differences were observed in levels of these pigments by UV-visible light spectrophotometry and HPLC. However, HPLC or HPLC-MS are required to identify the different carotenoids present in this seaweed species.
A Semianalytical Model for Horizontal Wells With Improved Stinger Completion in Heterogeneous Bottomwater Reservoirs
Authors: Li Haitao , Jiang Beibei , Wang Yongqing , Wang Junchao , Jiang Shasha
Published: June 2014

Stinger-completion technology is simple to operate and low cost, which can achieve good results in stable oil production by controlling water cut in a bottomwater reservoir. However, most previous studies of stinger completions took place in homogeneous reservoirs and are not equipped to deal with the multipoint watercresting breakthrough caused by fractures or permeability contrast in a heterogeneous bottomwater reservoir. A new improvedstinger- completion (ISC) semianalytical coupled model of reservoir and wellbore flow is established in this article, which considers the impacts of well trajectory, permeability distribution, formation damage caused by drilling and completion, and variable mass flow in a horizontal wellbore. By discrete numerical calculation of the new model, pressure, inflow, and water-cresting profiles can be acquired, and consequently, a design method of ISC is also proposed to be used successfully in a heterogeneous bottomwater reservoir for stable oil production by water-cut control and by optimizing the structure, length, and diameter of the stinger. The successful field application of ISC in the LU-X horizontal well also confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of ISC.
Cost Structure and Sticky Costs
Authors: Balakrishnan Ramji , Labro Eva , Soderstrom Naomi S.
Published: June 2014

Beginning with Anderson, Banker, and Janakiraman (2003), a rapidly growing body of literature attributes the short-run asymmetric cost response to activity changes (i.e., sticky costs) resulting from short-run managerial choices. In this paper, we are agnostic on the theory of sticky costs. Rather, we focus on empirical tests of cost stickiness. We show that past decisions on cost structure, which determine the magnitude of costs controllable in the short-term, induce non-stationarity in the elasticity of Sales, General, and Administrative costs, affecting the interpretation of estimates from the standard specification used in the literature. We develop suggestions for how future research might control for the effects of cost structure. Empirically, we find that cost structure confounds results usually interpreted as cost stickiness reflecting short-run managerial actions. After adjusting for the effects of fixed costs, we find that the results are unstable across alternate subsamples. Our results provide evidence that long-run cost structure decisions impact our ability to detect short-term cost management decisions.

JEL Classifications: M41; L42
Compound-Specific 14C Dating of IODP Expedition 318 Core U1357A Obtained Off the Wilkes Land Coast, Antarctica
Authors: Yamane Masako , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Suga Hisami , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Dunbar Robert B , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: June 2014

This study applied compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) to a 186-m-long sediment core (U1357A) taken from Adélie Basin located on the continental shelf off Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The CSRA targeted C16 fatty acid as well as C16., fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide-a-enol isolated from the sediment. Due to their high degradation rate, these compounds are expected to occur in low abundances in relict organic matter deposited at this site. Twelve compound-specific (CS) 14C ages were obtained that are mostly consistent with their stratigraphic order. The CS 14C results of all samples are Holocene in age (9800 to 440 cal BP). These results suggest that significant sedimentation started ∼10,000 cal BP. Moreover, the data suggest that 14C measurements of C16:1 fatty acid and cyclopheophorbide-a-enol are useful for dating sediments from the Southern Ocean.
Pour une poétique du traduire. Techniques de traduction de la métaphore dans le texte en vers
Authors: Aștirbei Carmen-Ecaterina
Published: June 2014

The translation of poetry has caused many debates because the translator is seen as a re-creator of the text and his work becomes « poetry en abyme ». Poetry is difficult to translate because of its conciseness and intertextual dynamics. The translator’s work supposes a comparative perspective and an analysis of the text’s peculiarities. Among the translation methods employed, one can identify duplication, i.e., strict and faithful reproduction in the target language, transposition, the creation of an effect similar to the original one, and dialogic analysis. The poetics of translation will be adapted to the features of each poem.
Spannungsmessung an Gashochdruckleitungen*
Authors: Pohl Jürgen , Diemar Andreas , Hildebrand Jörg , Großmann Albert
Published: June 2014

Kurzfassung

Die Bewertung erdverlegter Gashochdruckleitungen nimmt immer mehr an Bedeutung zu, da Dauer und Kosten von Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen sowie die Sicherheit der Gashochdruckleitungen wesentliche Größen der Versorgungssicherheit mit Erdgas darstellen. Fortschrittliche Bewertungsverfahren und Kenntnis der realen Beanspruchungszustände verbessern die Situation. Die Messung realer Spannungsverhältnisse trägt wesentlich zu einer besseren Bewertung der Standsicherheit erdverlegter Gashochdruckleitungen bei. Prinzipiell sind für derartige Aufgaben Messungen mit Dehnungsmessstreifen, die röntgenografische Spannungsanalyse sowie Methoden der Ultraschallspannungsmessung geeignet. Diese unterschiedlichen Varianten der Erfassung von Spannungszuständen müssen auch unter Praxisbedingungen prüfpraktisch umsetzbar gestaltet werden. Dies setzt eine zweckentsprechende Qualifizierung in Anwendung und Auswertung voraus. Die Messmethoden werden erläutert und zugehörige Ergebnisse präsentiert.
Failures Caused by Hydrogen Absorption during Heat Treatment Processes*
Authors: Sommer Peter
Published: June 2014

Damages related to hydrogen absorption in steels are well known and described since decades. As hydrogen sources often moist electrode covering as well as etching and galvanic processes and corrosion are mentioned. In contrast, the hydrogen absorption during heat treatment processes in hydrogenous atmospheres was rarely referred. In the context of this review this hydrogen source will be described and specific cases of damage will be reported. The case of damage always occurred in combination with a missing or unfavorable heat treatment and/or previous material conspicuity. In contrast, the heat treatment processes which were applied in an appropriate way for million times, offer high process reliability without damages caused by hydrogen.
High Pressure Sintering of Al2O3-CNT Nanocomposites
Authors: Kuskonmaz Nilgun , Ozturk Zeynep Taslicukur
Published: June 2014

In this study, Al2O3-CNT nanocomposites were sintered at 800–1000 °C under 5 GPa for 10 minutes using two different powders as starting material, γ-Al2O3 and AlOOH, respectively. The effect of transition alumina powders on the properties of the high pressure sintered Al2O3-CNT nanocomposites were studied. Al2O3 ceramics have been widely used for structural, electrical, and optical applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been considered as reinforcing elements in ceramic matrix composites due to their unique mechanical properties. Reactive pressure sintering at low temperatures took place during the fabrication of CNT reinforced ceramic composites to avoid the agglomeration of carbon nanotubes. The hardness and densities were investigated and correlated with the microstructure of the dense materials. SEM analysis was used to determine the CNT distribution in the matrix, the morphology, and size of the particles.
Mechanical Properties of Boron-Treated Ferritic GGG40.3 Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Ünal Fatma , Topuz Ahmet
Published: June 2014

In this paper, some properties of borided ferritic GGG40.3 ductile iron samples were investigated. Box-boronizing was carried out at 850 °C and 950 °C for 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h with Ekabor I powder. After the experiments, the formed FeB and Fe2B phases in the ductile irons were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The tooth-shaped morphology of the boride layers was examined by optical microscopy. Fracture toughness and the hardness of boride layer were measured by Vickers method. Abrasive tests were done using ball-on-disc test apparatus. An aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ball was used in the abrasion experiments and the samples were subjected to abrasion under a load of 30 N at a constant sliding speed. It was determined that the thickness of boride layers obtained by using Ekabor I powder ranged from 38 μm to 198 μm, and the hardness of boride layers ranged between 1173 HV and 1820 HV. The fracture toughness values ranged from 2.79-3.78 MPa m1/2.
Investigation of the Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Cu-Al-Zn Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Gomidželović Lidija , Požega Emina , Kostov Ana , Vuković Nikola
Published: June 2014

The results of an experimental investigation of structural, mechanical and electrical characteristics of different Cu-Al-Zn alloys are presented in this paper. The investigations were conducted using light optic microscopy, SEM-EDX analysis, hardness and electroconductivity measurements.
Influence of the solidification temperature range on Gasar structures made from Cu–Mn alloys
Authors: Zhang Xingming , Li Yanxiang , Liu Yuan , Zhang Huawei
Published: June 2014

In this study, the influence of the solidification temperature range of an alloy system on Gasar structures is investigated from the aspect of solidification mode and mushy zone length. The solidification mode and mushy zone length for various Cu–Mn alloys during unidirectional solidification are predicted by theoretical analysis. The calculated data indicate that it is reasonable, possible, but difficult to fabricate porous Cu-34.6 wt.% Mn, Cu-24 wt.% Mn, and Cu-46.6 wt.% Mn alloys by the Gasar process, respectively. Accordingly, lotus-type porous Cu-34.6 wt.% Mn alloy with regularly oriented pores was prepared and solidified with a cellular structure. Porous Cu-24 wt.% Mn alloy with directional pores could be fabricated, solidifying with a columnar dendritic structure. Porous Cu-46.6 wt.% Mn alloy with irregular large pores was obtained, and solidified with an equiaxed dendritic structure.
Mechanism of grain refinement and coarsening in undercooled Ni–Fe alloy
Authors: Liang Tao , Chen Zheng , Yang Xiaoqin , Liu Ning , Yang Yanan , Duan Chenlong , Zhao Yuemin
Published: June 2014

The microstructural evolution of undercooled Ni-1 at.% Fe alloy was investigated by means of fluxing and cyclic superheating. Within the achieved undercoolings, there were two grain refinement processes and a grain coarsening process. The evolution mechanisms of the microstructure were studied applying the calculation of a stress accumulation model and dimensionless superheating. The first grain refinement can be ascribed to the dendrite break-up or ripening induced by remelting. The second one was caused by recrystallization induced by stress accumulation originating from the rapid solidification.
Experimental study of the phase relations in the Fe–Cr–Si ternary system at 700°C
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhou Zhe , Wang Xinming , Liu Yongxiong , Wu Yu , Zhao Manxiu , Yin Fucheng
Published: June 2014

The 700°C isothermal section of the Fe–Cr–Si ternary phase diagram has been determined experimentally by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Ten three-phase regions exist in the 700°C isothermal section. The binary σ phase contains 0–17.6 at.% Si and 31.4–59.2 at.% Cr; the Fe5Si3 phase is stable at 700°C because of the dissolution of Cr. At this temperature, Fe and Cr cannot be entirely substituted by each other to form the FeSi or CrSi phases: the maximum possible Cr content in FeSi2, Fe5Si3 and D03 is 3.9, 20.7 and 15.2 at.%, respectively, and the maximum soluble Fe in CrSi2, Cr5Si3 and Cr3Si is 2.5, 20.4 and 16.8 at.%, respectively.
Plasticity in Nest Placement of the Turtle Dove (Streptopelia Turtur): Experimental Evidence from Moroccan Agro-ecosystems
Authors: Hanane Saâd
Published: June 2014

A total of 364 Turtle Dove ( Streptopelia turtur) nests were found in the Tadla irrigated area during the 2006–2009 breeding seasons. Of these, 135 were located in orange orchards, 178 in olive orchards and 51 in olive hedgerows. Gaussian generalised linear modelling was used to model the nest height and the nest–trunk distance according to the characteristics of olive and orange trees in the orchards and hedgerows. Tree height and type of plantings had the strongest effects on both nest height ( R2 = 0.67) and nest–trunk distance ( R2 = 0.48). Overall, the same pattern of Turtle Dove nest height was recorded in the three types of plantings, whereas different patterns were noted for the nest–trunk distance. The results provide evidence of non-random patterns of nest placement in olive and orange agro-ecosystems. This game species exhibits adaptive behavioural plasticity in nest placement and appears to be well-adapted to the olive and orange grove conditions in this region. This high adaptability is beneficial to maintaining the species in these artificial habitats. Additional quantitative studies are needed to improve our understanding on the mechanisms driving the choice of nest placement by Turtle Doves in this agricultural man-made environment.
Sustained seismic tremors and icequakes detected in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Röösli Claudia , Walter Fabian , Husen Stephan , Andrews Lauren C. , Lüthi Martin P. , Catania Ginny A. , Kissling Edi
Published: June 2014

During summer 2011, seismic activity in the ablation zone of the western Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was monitored using a network of three-component seismometers. The seismic record includes a large variety of icequakes and seismic tremors that demonstrate a clear correlation with subglacial water flow. We verified the existence of well-known shallow icequakes (related to surface crevasse formation), deep icequakes (located at 100–160 m depth) and narrow-banded short-term seismic tremors (tens of seconds in duration). In addition, we present previously unreported long-term tremors lasting several hours. Using attenuation of the measured tremor amplitude, we locate the epicentre of this long-term tremor to a large moulin within our study area. Between 3 and 11 Hz, our continuous seismic record is dominated by this ‘moulin tremor’ and shows strong correlation with the water level of the generating moulin. We argue that monitoring of icequake and glacial tremor sources bears high potential for investigating glacier hydraulics and dynamics, and is thus an ideal supplement to traditional glaciological measurements.
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Veronica ciliata Fisch. Extracts Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Yin Li , Wei Lei , Fu Rao , Ding Lisheng , Guo Yiran , Tang Lin , Chen Fang
Published: June 2014

Veronica ciliata Fisch. has been traditionally used in Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions due to its curative effects for hepatitis, cholecystitis, rheumatism, and urticaria. The present study was focused on investigating the role of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Veronica ciliata Fisch. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and nitrite radicals; reducing power; β-carotene bleaching) and the hepatoprotective effect of the ethyl acetate extract by means of CCl4-induced oxidative stress in mice were investigated. The ethyl acetate extract of Veronica ciliata Fisch. displayed more noteworthy in vitro antioxidant activities than the aqueous extract. Moreover, it signiﬁcantly prevented the increase in serum T-AOC, ALT, AST and ALP level in acute liver damage induced by CCl4, decreased the extent of MDA formation in liver and elevated the activities of SOD and GSH in liver. This activity was found to be comparable to that of bifendate. Histopathological observation of the liver was also performed to further support the evidence from the biochemical analysis. The results indicated that strong antioxidant activities and a signiﬁcant protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 of Veronica ciliata Fisch. were concentrated in the ethyl acetate extract. The results suggested that this activity may be due to free radical-scavenging and antioxidant properties.
Early Life Nutrition, Epigenetics and Programming of Later Life Disease
Authors: Vickers Mark
Published: June 2014

The global pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is often causally linked to marked changes in diet and lifestyle; namely marked increases in dietary intakes of high energy diets and concomitant reductions in physical activity levels. However, less attention has been paid to the role of developmental plasticity and alterations in phenotypic outcomes resulting from altered environmental conditions during the early life period. Human and experimental animal studies have highlighted the link between alterations in the early life environment and increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in later life. This link is conceptualised as the developmental programming hypothesis whereby environmental influences during critical periods of developmental plasticity can elicit lifelong effects on the health and well-being of the offspring. In particular, the nutritional environment in which the fetus or infant develops influences the risk of metabolic disorders in offspring. The late onset of such diseases in response to earlier transient experiences has led to the suggestion that developmental programming may have an epigenetic component, as epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation or histone tail modifications could provide a persistent memory of earlier nutritional states. Moreover, evidence exists, at least from animal models, that such epigenetic programming should be viewed as a transgenerational phenomenon. However, the mechanisms by which early environmental insults can have long-term effects on offspring are relatively unclear. Thus far, these mechanisms include permanent structural changes to the organ caused by suboptimal levels of an important factor during a critical developmental period, changes in gene expression caused by epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA) and permanent changes in cellular ageing. A better understanding of the epigenetic basis of developmental programming and how these effects may be transmitted across generations is essential for the implementation of initiatives aimed at curbing the current obesity and diabetes crisis.
Physical Inactivity from the Viewpoint of Evolutionary Medicine
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia
Published: June 2014

Activity patterns of recent Homo sapiens are characterized by a sedentary life style and consequently by exercise deficiency. This lack of physical activity increases the risk of various chronic non-communicable diseases and reduces health related quality of life. From the perspective of evolutionary medicine, the high rates of non-communicable disease among contemporary industrialized populations may be interpreted as the result of a mismatch between high rates of physical activity in the adaptively relevant (ARE) and sedentary recent life circumstances. Public transport, cars, elevators, supermarkets and internet shopping diminished daily physical activities dramatically, therefore recent Homo sapiens suffer from the consequences of a convenient life style, which is completely new in our evolution and history. The only possibility to increase physical activity and enhance health and well-being is through sporting activities during leisure time.
Generation of Transcript Assemblies and Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from Seven Lowland and Upland Cultivars of Switchgrass
Authors: Childs Kevin L. , Nandety Aruna , Hirsch Candice N. , Góngora‐Castillo Elsa , Schmutz Jeremy , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Casler Michael D. , Buell C. Robin
Published: June 2014

Switchgrass is a North American perennial prairie species that has been used as a rangeland and forage crop and has recently been targeted as a potential biofuel feedstock species. Switchgrass, which occurs as tetraploid and octoploid forms, is classified into lowland or upland ecotypes that differ in growth phenotypes and adaptation to distinct habitats. Using RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) reads derived from crown, young shoot, and leaf tissues, we generated sequence data from seven switchgrass cultivars, three lowland and four upland, to enable comparative analyses between switchgrass cultivars and to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for use in breeding and genetic analysis. We also generated individual transcript assemblies for each of the cultivars. Transcript data indicate that subgenomes of octoploid switchgrass are not substantially different from subgenomes of tetraploids as expected for an autopolyploid origin of switchgrass octoploids. Using RNA‐seq reads aligned to the switchgrass Release 0 AP13 reference genome, we identified 1,305,976 high‐confidence SNPs. Of these SNPs, 438,464 were unique to lowland cultivars, but only 12,002 were found in all lowlands. Conversely, 723,678 SNPs were unique to upland cultivars, with only 34,665 observed in all uplands. Comparison of our high‐confidence transcriptome‐derived SNPs with SNPs previously identified in a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) study of an association panel revealed limited overlap between the two methods, highlighting the utility of transcriptome‐based SNP discovery in augmenting genome diversity polymorphism datasets. The transcript and SNP data described here provide a useful resource for switchgrass gene annotation and marker‐based analyses of the switchgrass genome.
Determinants of Arterial Stiffness in Female Patients with Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Salles Rosa Neto Nilton , Levy-Neto Maurício , Tolezani Elaine Cristina , Bonfá Eloísa , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues
Published: June 2014

Objective.

The assessment of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Takayasu arteritis (TA) is complex because of many confounding factors. We evaluated PWV in female patients with TA and controls with comparable anthropometric and clinical variables and assessed a possible association of TA with disease variables.

Methods.

We evaluated 27 patients with TA consecutively. Exclusion criteria were menopause, smoking, diabetes, renal insufficiency, poorly controlled hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, obesity, inflammatory comorbidities, pregnancy, and surgical procedures involving the aorta. Disease activity was determined by clinical and laboratory variables. As healthy controls, 27 subjects with comparable age, blood pressure, height, and weight were selected. Carotid-femoral PWV measurements were obtained using the Complior system.

Results.

The mean PWV in patients with TA was higher than in healthy controls (9.77 ± 3.49 vs 7.83 ± 1.06 m/s; p = 0.009). Despite our strict selection criteria, patients with TA had an average systolic blood pressure (SBP) 8 mmHg higher than controls (p = NS), and significantly higher pulse pressure values. The multivariate linear regression model shows that 93.8% of the PWV variability is explained by the variables age, mean BP, and the disease itself (adjusted R2= 0.938). Stepwise logistic analysis using the PWV cutoff value established by the receiver-operator characteristic curve (> 8.34 m/s) as dependent variable, and measures with significance in univariate analysis as independent variables revealed that TA (OR 4.69; 95% CI 1.31–16.72; p = 0.017) and mean BP (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00–1.12; p = 0.048) were independently associated with higher PWV. Further analysis of disease variables revealed that PWV values were not correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, cumulative dose of glucocorticoid, or ejection fraction (p > 0.05).

Conclusion.

In our cohort of female patients with TA, the disease itself and mean BP were the strongest determinants associated with arterial stiffness.
Ten-year Followup of Infliximab Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Severe, Longstanding Refractory Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: De Keyser Filip , De Kock Joris , Leroi Hermine , Durez Patrick , Westhovens René ,   and the Infliximab EAP Study Group
Published: June 2014

Objective.

Our study describes the 10-year followup data of the Belgian Expanded Access Program (EAP) for infliximab (IFX), which included patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who were refractory to methotrexate. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the continuation rate, reasons for discontinuation, and longterm disease control under IFX treatment, and to study baseline characteristics associated with longterm successful IFX therapy.

Methods.

Between February 2000 and September 2001, 511 patients were enrolled in the Belgian IFX EAP, and 507 effectively started IFX therapy. Previously reported data showed that 160 patients were still treated with IFX after 7 years of followup. We describe the therapy status, reasons for IFX discontinuation, and the level of disease activity of this subgroup after 10 years of followup. Baseline characteristics of the total EAP cohort were used to describe variables associated with longterm successful IFX treatment.

Results.

After 10 years of followup, 110 of the 507 patients (21.7%) were still receiving IFX treatment. In the 7-year to 10-year period, which is the focus of the current study, 16 patients were lost to followup and 34 patients discontinued IFX treatment, mainly because of loss of efficacy. Patients successfully treated with IFX for 10 years had lower baseline values for 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), patient pain scale, physician visual analog scale, and Health Assessment Questionnaire in comparison with the rest of the study cohort. The mean DAS28 level of the subgroup still taking IFX after 10 years was 2.55 ± 1.01.

Conclusion.

In the Belgian EAP, 21.7% of patients continued to receive maintenance IFX treatment after 10 years of followup. IFX provided good longterm disease control in these patients.
Succulent Euphorbias or northern Madagascar
Authors: Rauh Werner
Published: June 2014

Es presenta una revisió de les espècies suculentes del gènere Euphorbia L del nord de Madagascar. Es discuteixen els grups sistemàtics que no mostren afinitat amb les espècies indo-africanes d'Euphorbia. Es proposa una nova combinació: Euphorbia aureo-vitidiftora (Rauh) Rauh.
El bosc mesòfil a les Muntanyes Catalanídiques septentrionals
Authors: De Bolòs Oriol , Montserrat Josep M. , Romo Angel M.
Published: June 2014

Descripció de l'estructura, la composició florística i l'ecologia dels boscs mesòfils de les Muntanyes Catalanídiques septentrionals. És analitzada la variabilitat d'aquest bosc a les diverses panes de la serralada. Són estudiats els sintàxons Doronico-Fraxinetum, re presentat per les subassociacions doranicetosum, melampyretosum. vincetosum.festucetosum, luzuletosum i aretosum.
Salvadorianae. I. La correspondència de Pere Barrère i Volar (Perpinyà 1690 - 1755) amb Josep Salvador i Riera conservada a la biblioteca Salvador de l'Institut Botànic de Barcelona
Authors: Camarasa Josep María , Amigó Jean Jacques
Published: June 2014

Després d'un esbós biogràfic de Pere Barrère i de Josep Salvador i Riera es transcriuen i es comenten les cartes del primer adreçades al segon que es conserven entre els documents manuscrits de la Biblioteca Salvador de l'Institut Botànic de Barcelona.
Aproximación a las Epístolas de Giovanni Manardo
Authors: Valderas José María
Published: June 2014

Las Epistolae medicinales de Manardo suponen el final de una botánica fundada en la depuración de los textos de Plinio, perdurante hasta finales del siglo XV, y el comienzo de una línea basada en el conocimiento de Dioscórides, curso que seguirán los grandes naturalistas del siglo XVI.
“Las señales de los últimos tiempos”. Laicidad y escatología en el pensamiento católico hispanoamericano del siglo XIX
Authors: Cid Gabriel
Published: June 2014

El artículo examina, desde la perspectiva de la historia intelectual, el análisis del proceso de laicidad en el siglo XIX iberoamericano, y su lectura en clave escatológica desde algunos sectores de la intelectualidad católica. El texto argumenta que este pensamiento escatológico debe ser estudiado más allá de sus dimensiones teológicas, sino también como una forma particular de leer apocalípticamente los cambios sociales y culturales que la modernidad política implicó para la religión y su lugar en el espacio público en el siglo XIX.
La polémica restauración de la fachada de la catedral de Barcelona en el siglo XIX
Authors: Urbano Lorente Judith
Published: June 2014

La finalización de la catedral de Barcelona en el siglo XIX suscitó polémica por las diferentes propuestas neogóticas que se presentaron. La Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando validó la dibujada por Manuel Girona, que no era arquitecto, sino un banquero que decidió pagar las obras. Sin embargo, la opinión pública se decantó por la apuesta más imaginativa de Joan Martorell. Así, se sucedieron las críticas a la obra resultante, provocando cambios durante su ejecución, que la acercaron paulatinamente al diseño desestimado de Martorell, con la consecuente polémica plasmada en la prensa del momento. El artículo explica asimismo otras restauraciones de Augusto Font, artífice del proyecto.
La “Mujer Católica” y la sociedad de masas en la Argentina de entreguerras. Catolicismo social, consumo e industria cultural en la ciudad de Rosario (1915-1940)
Authors: Mauro Diego
Published: June 2014

El presente trabajo indaga cómo, a partir de una serie de iniciativas editoriales, los católicos sociales de Rosario (Argentina) reprodujeron y difundieron las concepciones tradicionales de “mujer católica” —presentadas en contraposición a la llamada “mujer moderna”— en el marco de los procesos de conformación de una sociedad de masas en la Argentina. Concretamente, nos centraremos en la descripción y el análisis de los recursos empleados para reproducir los estereotipos femeninos católicos en los moldes de la cultura de masas, cada vez más difundidos, y en la industria cultural. Espera contribuir de este modo a la comprensión de los procesos de “cambio religioso” que atravesaron al catolicismo argentino durante el período de entreguerras.
El Fragmento de Biblia Dericci Ms 5 (Italia, segunda mitad del siglo XIII).
Authors: Ramos Rubert Eulalia
Published: June 2014

Investigación de un grupo de manuscritos europeos pertenecientes a la NYPL utilizados para la liturgia de la Iglesia católica entre los siglos X y XV, que actualmente forman parte del DeRicci Collection. Se comienza con el estudio del DeRicci ms 5, fragmento de Biblia italiana. Como novedad, se estudia el contenido bíblico y su influencia en el proceso de restauración, además de su asociación
comparativa con Vat.lat.25, Chig.A.VI.161, Chig.A.VI.162, biblias pertenecientes a la BAV.
Descripción de los elementos constitutivos del libro, naturaleza de sus materiales y oficios artesanales que intervienen en su elaboración. Estudio detallado sobre la técnica ejecutiva, valoración de las intervenciones precedentes, y análisis del estado de conservación del volumen. Se deducen varias consideraciones y conclusiones para una propuesta de conservación. Se proporcionan descripciones
sobre el cuerpo del libro, el contenido de los cuadernillos, las capitales y algunas notas en papel.
Análisis de la producción científica de los estudios de traducción en España
Authors: Palomares Perraut R.
Published: June 2014

Se estudia la producción bibliográfica de los Estudios de Traducción en España durante el período 1960-1994. A partir de la información documental seleccionada en la base de datos TRADES se analizan las siguientes variables: productividad por quinquenios, productividad por tipología documental, pares de lenguas, investigación (tesis y tesinas), materias y líneas temáticas preferentes de las revistas de traducción. Los resultados aportados muestran una correlación entre el volumen de publicaciones y la implantación de la licenciatura de Traducción e Interpretación.