bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintesis dan Analisis Struktur Material Aktif Katoda LiFe0,7Mn0,2Ni0,1PO4
Authors: Sarwono Betty Haifa , Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Prihandoko Bambang
Published: August 2019

Abstrak. Sebuah sintesis material katoda LiFe0,7Mn0,2Ni0,1PO4 dengan metode solid-state telah selesai dilakukan. Bahan dasar yang digunakan adalah LiOH.H2O, α-Fe2O3, MnO2, Ni dan H3PO4. Bahan yang digunakan ada yang berasal dari bahan baku lokal yaitu α-Fe2O3 dan MnO2 dan sisanya menggunakan bahan import dari china. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi waktu sintering yaitu 4 jam, 6 jam,8 jam dan total 10 jam dengan temperatur 800oC. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengujian Difraktometer Sinar-X (XRD). Analisis data XRD dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak PDXL Rigaku. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sintering pada temperatur 800oC selama total 10 jam menghasilkan fasa LiFe0,7Mn0,2Ni0,1PO4 yang satu fasa. Dan co-doping Mn dan Ni berhasil didoping pada LiFePO4. Abstract. Synthesis Cathode material, LiFe0,7Mn0,2Ni0,1PO4, has been synthesized by the solid-state method. Basic materials that used in this research are LiOH.H2O, α-Fe2O3, MnO2, Ni, and H3PO4. Several basic materials that used in this research obtained from the local raw material such as α-Fe2O3 and MnO2, and the remaining materials obtained by importing from China. Sintering time in this research are varied from 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, and 10 hours, and all varied time are treated at 800°C. The characterization that used in this research is X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). XRD data are analyzed using PDXL Rigaku software. The results of this research show that sintering at 800°C during total time 10 hours yields LiFe0,7Mn0,2Ni0,1PO4 in one phase. Co-doping Mn and Ni had been successfully doped in LiFePO4.
Analisis Plug-in Repetitive Control untuk Rejection Multiple Periodical Disturbance dengan Metode Least Common Multiplier dan Multi Repetitive Control
Authors: Hadi Nizarrachman , Kurniawan Edi , Hartono Ambran
Published: August 2019

Abstrak. Sistem kendali otomatismenjadi sangat penting saat ini. Teknologi instrumentasi yang berkembang sangat pesat menjadikan sistem kendali otomatis berkembang pesat. Dengan adanya sistem kendali otomatis ditemukan pula gangguan yang memengaruhi sistem, seperti Noise atau sinyal gangguan. Berbagai metode kendali banyak digunakan salah satunya adalah Repetitive Control. Kemudian diperlukanlah pengujian analisis untuk memilih sistem kendali mana yang paling baik dalam menghilangkan sinyal gangguan yang memiliki 3 nilai frekuensi dengan menggunakan sistem Plug-in Repetitive Control (RC) yang dilengkapi dengan filter. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode Least Common Multiple (LCM) dan metode Multi Repetitive Control (MRC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dengan metode MRC memiliki kecepatan menghilangkan sinyal gangguan paling   baik yaitu 1.8s.Abstract. Automatic control system becomes very important today. The fast growing technology of instrumentation makes the automatic control system grow rapidly. With the existence of automatic control system there is found disturbances that affect the system, such as noise or disturbance signal. Various control methods are widely used, one of them is Repetitive Control. Analytical testing is then needed to choose which control system is best for rejecting disturbance signals that have 3 frequency values using a Plug-in Repetitive Control (RC), using filtered system. This research used Least Common Multiple (LCM) method and Multi Repetitive Control (MRC) method. The results showed that the system with MRC method is slightly faster and best in rejecting disturbance signals with rejecting time 1.8s.
Smarthome Energy Saver dengan Penggabungan Sensor LDR, PIR, Suara, dan Temperature untuk Merepresentasikan Kondisi Ruangan sebagai Perangkat Penghemat Energi Listrik yang Digunakan dalam Masyarakat
Authors: Kurniawan Andri , Jati Bayu Rukmana , Sunarto Nada Ayunita
Published: August 2019

Smarthome Energy Saver adalah sebuah alat pengontrol alat elektronik konvensional yang bertujuan untuk menghemat pemakaian energi listrik. Alat ini menggunakan berbagai macam sensor seperti: PIR, DHT22, Microphone, dan LDR. Sensor tersebut akan membaca keadaan ruangan dan datanya akan dikirmkan ke mikrokontroller melalui bluetooth untuk diproses. Hasil prosesnya akan dikirimkan menuju relay yang dihubungkan dengan alat elektronik untuk memutuskan aliran arus listrik alat elektronik tersebut agar mati secara otomatis saat tidak ada manusia dalam ruangan dan atau mencegah dinyalakan kembali saat kondisi yang telah diatur pengguna dalam mikrokontroller belum terpenuhi, walaupun dinyalakan secara manual.   Smarthome Energy Saver is a device to control the conventional electric apparatus intended for saving the usage of electrical energy. This device using a variety of sensors such as: PIR, DHT22, Microphone, and LDR. The sensor will read the room condition and the data will be delivered to the microcontroller device with bluetooth to be processed. The result of the process will be sent to the relay that connected to the electric devices to disconnect the electric current from the electronic means to automatically off and / or pevent it to be turned on again when the condition that users have set didn’t met, although it is turned on manually.
Analisa Gangguan Medan Magnet Kereta Api Listrik terhadap Pengamatan Geomagnet
Authors: Lubis Syamsul Hidayat , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Oktonovrilna Litanya
Published: August 2019

Peristiwa gangguan medan magnet yang dihasilkan oleh kereta api listrik DC (Direct Current) tidak hanya berasal dari arus motor traksi, namun juga dari arus kebocoran ke tanah, hal ini menjadi permasalahan besar bagi pengamatan geomagnet dan penelitian elektromagnet lainnya. Perhitungan secara teoritis yang memungkinkan adanya pendekatan kuantitatif dari dampak magnetik dari kereta api listrik DC termasuk arus bocor ke tanah dapat di jelaskan pada penelitian ini. Validitas dari model teoritis dapat diverifikasi dengan perngamatan langsung di titik lokasi dari stasiun Tangerang sampai dengan stasiun Duri. Pengamatan gangguan medan magnet kereta api listrik ini menggunakan sensor magnet tipe LEMI – 018 MAGNETOMETER yang berada pada stasiun pengamatan Geofisika klas 1 BMKG (Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika) kota Tangerang. Perhitungan numerik menggunakan metode ARIMA (Auto Regression Moving Average) pada software MATLAB mengindikasikan tingkat gangguan maksimum sebesar 27 nT pada komponen F. Titik koordinat sensor, posisi gardu listrik dengan kereta, dan arus traksi serta arus kebocoran ke bumi menjadi faktor penting dalam penelitian ini
Simulasi Stabilisasi Sudut Gerak Rotasi Quadrotor OS4 EPFL dengan Kendali LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian)
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Kurniawan Edi , Yuniarti Elvan
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang simulasi model gerak rotasi quadrotor OS4 EPFL dengan kendali LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian). Quadrotor disebut juga quadrotor helicopter atau quadrocopter, adalah sebuah pesawat tanpa awak (unmanned aerial vehicle / UAV) yang digerakkan oleh empat rotor yang terletak di kanan, kiri, depan dan belakang ujung kerangka silang yang simetri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem kendali LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) untuk gerak rotasi quadrotor dan memastikan kinerja kendali LQG serta menganalisisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan mensimulasikan gerak rotasi dengan menggunakan software MATLAB Simulink R2014b. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan adalah program simulasi stabilisasi sudut gerak rotasi quadrotor dengan kendali LQG berjalan dengan baik dan pemilihan matriks bobot Q =[1 1 1 1 70 70] dan R memiliki nilai 6.25 x 10-5 yang digunakan. Untuk kondisi awal sebesar pi/4 radian untuk sudut roll  radian untuk sudut pitch dan yaw pi/4 diperoleh waktu stabil sekitar 5,6,5 menit. Hal tersebut menunjukkan kondisi yang baik
Analisis Seismisitas Berdasarkan Data Gempa Bumi Periode 1958-2018 Menggunakan b-Value Pada Daerah Selatan Jawa Barat dan Banten
Authors: Hilmi Ilman Luthfi , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Sunarya Dede
Published: August 2019

The area of West Java and Banten, especially is Southern is one of the areas prone to earthquakes, caused by the fact that the area is part of the ring of fire path and the presence of faults that are still active faults, such as the Cimandiri Fault, the Baribis Fault and the Lembang Fault. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of seismic activity, the fragility of the rocks and the level of the return period to make earthquake resistant buildings. The seismotechnical parameters of a region can be calculated using the Frequency-Magnitude relationship with the Guttenberg-Rithcher formulation, namely  by using the Maximum Likelihood method. Based on the results of the research obtained from the combined data of USGS and BMKG, the magnitude of the 4 SR and the depths of 0-300 km. Based on the analysis and distribution of seismicity, it was found that the higher of the frequency the smaller earthquake magnitude is obtained. The results of the seismotechnical parameters provide variations of the b-value in South West Java and Banten around 0.95-1.45, with the highest value in the South of Pandeglang Regency (1.35-1.45) and the lowest in Tasikmalaya District (0.95-1.05). Variations of the a-values of an area around 6.5-9, while the highest value is in the South of Pandeglang Regency (8.5-9) and the lowest in Tasikmalaya Regency (6.5-7). The Seismicity Index is 0.632 and the Seismicity of the largest earthquakes is 0.004. Probability is at a time interval of 20 years with value as follows P (7.20) = 8%; P (7.40) = 15%; P (7.60); 21%. While variation of the return period are with variations of 5 SR = 1-4 years, 6 SR = 15-55 years and 7 SR = 150-550 years
Studi Pemodelan Distribusi Konduktivitas Bawah Permukaan 3-D Berbasis Data Resistivitas Menggunakan Program Aplikasi DCIP3D Versi 2.1
Authors: Syafira Nadhia Fairuz , Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Karunianto Adhika Junara
Published: August 2019

Human needs will increase in various aspects, including the need for content in the earth. In describing the distribution of physical properties beneath the earth's surface, 3-D modeling is the best way to find out the details of the subsurface content of the earth. To facilitate the making of 3-D models from the earth, the DCIP3D application program is used. DCIP3D develops a series of inversion algorithms to restore 3-D conductivity models. The research was conducted to optimize the use of DCIP3D version 2.1. The data used are secondary and synthetic data. Secondary data is resistivity geoelectric data consisting of four line of the results of the PTBGN-BATAN survey in the Ahu Mamuju, West Sulawesi, 2017. Data processing is done by making mesh cell size which is a discritization of the earth model. The variation of the mesh core size is done (5 × 5 × 5) m, (10 × 10 × 10) m and (15 × 15 × 15) m. By completing various input files for DCIP3D, the 3-D subsurface conductivity model was successfully restored. Adding topographic values to the model causes the model to look even more real. The best model that describes the conductivity of the secondary data survey area is a model with a core cell (10 × 10 × 10) m because it corresponds to the distance between the electrodes used during data acquisition.
Habilidades metatextuais e escrita de textos em alunos do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Nobile Gislaine Gasparin , Barrera Sylvia Domingos
Published: August 2019

A escrita de textos é uma habilidade complexa, que se apoia em competências cognitivas, linguísticas e metalinguísticas, como a habilidade metatextual, que envolve o conhecimento e controle sobre a estrutura dos diversos tipos de texto. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a habilidade metatextual e o desempenho na produção escrita de histórias de alunos do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram da pesquisa 95 alunos do 4º e 5º ano de uma escola pública, solicitados a escrever uma história com temática livre e a responder um questionário avaliando seu conhecimento sobre a estrutura narrativa de histórias. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva entre a habilidade metatextual e a produção escrita. Os alunos do 5º ano apresentaram desempenho superior aos do 4º na produção de texto, mas não com relação à habilidade metatextual. Sugere-se, portanto, que essa seja objeto de desenvolvimento explícito pela escola, a fim de melhorar a qualidade dos textos produzidos.
Percepção da imagem corporal e estado nutricional de adolescentes
Authors: Salami Alessandra Mocellin , Adami Fernanda Scherer
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Verificar a associação da autopercepção e a percepção dos pais em relação à imagem corporal dos seus filhos com o estado nutricional. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal, realizado com adolescentes das escolas públicas de dois municípios localizados no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 188 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros e seus respectivos responsáveis. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Conjunto de silhuetas de Stunkard, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial. Realizou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher e Kruskal-Wallis, utilizando o pacote SPSS versão 13,0, considerados significativos valores máximo de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados: Verificou-se que o IMC, circunferência da cintura e a percepção dos responsáveis estão significativamente associados à autopercepção da imagem corporal dos adolescentes. Do total de adolescentes, 65% (n=72) distorceram a sua imagem real, referindo que estavam acima do peso, enquanto que o IMC encontrava-se dentro da normalidade. Identificou-se uma adequada percepção dos responsáveis em relação à imagem corporal de seus filhos. As variáveis de classificação do IMC, circunferência da cintura e a percepção dos responsáveis estão significativamente associadas à classificação da autopercepção da imagem corporal. Conclusão: Um número significativo de adolescentes apresentou distorção da sua imagem corporal, pois seu estado nutricional, conforme classificação do IMC, encontra-se divergente de sua percepção. Já, a percepção dos responsáveis apresentou uma visão condizente com a imagem real quanto ao estado nutricional e à pressão arterial de seus filhos.
Renewable energy resources in new Hungary development plan: some general and spatial characteristics
Authors: Czimre Klára , Kozma Gábor , Teperics Károly , Szabó György , Fazekas István
Published: August 2019

The growing significance of renewable energy resources has been one of the most important processes in the field of energy management for the past two decades. This is due to phenomena related to environmental protection, security of supply, economic and rural development, as well as to the abundance of financial incentives (EU grants, constructive national off-take regime). As a consequence of this, the paper concentrates on the general and territorial characteristics of the EU financial instruments for Hungary in the 2007–2013 budgetary period with the objective to enhance the dissemination of renewable energy resources. As an outcome of our research, three very important conclusions were drawn. First of all, less developed regions were more active in submitting proposals though the more developed regions reached higher success rates. Secondly, it was noticed that the “identity” of the successful tenderers influenced the average volume of proposals to a considerable extent. Thirdly, in the case of the successful proposals, the development level and size (of settlements) of the territorial units (districts) had a direct impact on the identity of the applicants and on the average size of proposals.
The effect of information seeking behavior on online database usage among the undergraduate students
Authors: Zulkifli Z. , Salwana E. , Salahuddin A. A. , Daud N. H. M.
Published: August 2019

Every year the library of IIUM subscribes to quite a number of online databases with huge expenses but the utilization of these databases is countable. 10 out of 53 subscriptions have been terminated by 2015 to save the cost go in vain. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model based on the ISB elements to identify the reason behind this low usage and to increase the usage of online databases in the future. It has undertaken a quantitative approach to identify the elements of ISB among undergraduate (UG) students. The primary data has been collected through questionnaires based on the variables identified in the objective. There are 118 samples participating in this research and the proposed model has been adapted from Savolainen and Wilson. Psychological perception, searching strategies and the information resources have been considered as the independent variable and measured the usage of the online database among UG students as the dependent variable. The results have shown that there are seven elements which have an influence on the usage of the online database among IIUM UG students. Despite the limited number of samples and a specific group of students, the proposed model can enhance the usage of online database system subscribed to by IIUM library and a search engine can be developed to get the usage increased. In that sense, it is recommended to involve more participants from the different levels of students and users to get diverse elements of ISB. However, the paper contributes to bridging the gap between the online database usage and the users, believed to have an effective outcome for online database subscription. It is hoped that the proposed model would significantly fill this gap and help the library to increase the number of users for their expensive databases.
Evaluation of Efficiency of Random Multiple Access to ALOHA Type Environment with Voice Connections, Transfer of Service Commands, Text Messages and Multimedia Files in Destructive Impact Conditions
Authors: Peregudov Maksim , Semchenko Ivan
Published: August 2019

Assessing the security of digital radio networks in destructive impact conditions is an important task. However, such an assessment for random multiple access to the ALOHA-type environment in digital radio networks was not carried out. The paper presents an analytical model of random multiple access for the environment of digital radio networks of the ALOHA type in destructive impact conditions. In this model, acomplex measure, including the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file, the degree of filling and the degree of overflow of digital radio network data packets, serves as the resultant indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of random multiple media access. The new complex indicator of the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file takes into account the known probabilities of successful delivery of data packets, creation of a collision and a free channel, as well as new average transmission times for a sequence of data packets and a collision formed during such transmission. New indicators are the degree of filling and the degree of overflow of digital radio communications network data packets. They determine in saturated and supersaturated data networks of such a network how close (far) to maximum is the probability value of a successful voice connection, transmission of a service command, test message or multimedia file. The model takes into account the potential destructive effects of the attacker by refining the analytical expressions for the known probabilistic and new temporal characteristics. First, a quantitative relationship between the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file and the average duration of a data channel collisions is established./ Secondly, for guaranteed disabling a digital radio network with random multiple access to the medium ALOHA type attacker must constantly carry out a destructive impact. The results are applied in design of digital radio communications networks operating under destructive impacts, as well as in development of automatic systems for optimizing the operation of digital radio communications networks and protecting them from such impacts.
Investigation of Reliability of Combinatorial-Metric Algorithm for Recognition of N-Dimensional Group Point Object in Hierarchy Features Space
Authors: Korotin Andrey , Kozyrev Gennadiy , Nazarov Andrey , Blagodyrenko Evgeniy
Published: August 2019

The scientific research of reliability of combinatorial-metric algorithm for multi-dimensional group point objects recognition in hierarchically organized features space is considered in the paper. The nature of reliability indicator change is examined, as an example, using multilevel descriptions of simulated and real objects under the condition that recognition results obtained at one hierarchy level are used as input data at  next level.

A priori uncertainty of a view angle, composition incompleteness and coordinate noise of objects determine the combinatorial procedures of quantifiable estimation of proximity of multidimensional GPO, presenting the object of recognition to a particular class.

The stability of the recognition algorithm is achieved by the possibility of changing  strategy of making a classification decision. For this purpose, we use the representation of a group point object at the lowest level of the hierarchy in the form of: sample, composition of sample elements or a complex a priori indicator. In order to increase the recognition accuracy, it was proposed to use the search of recognition results at  low levels of the hierarchy. The experimental dependences of a priori and a posteriori reliability indicators for various conditions for measurements and states of recognition objects are provided in the paper.
EFFICIENT STARCH RECOVERY FROM CASSAVA BAGASSE: ROLE OF CELLULASE AND PECTINASE
Authors: Anh Pham Tuan , Ngan Pham Kim , To Kim Anh
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the bagasses were treated with single pectinase (Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Novozymes) and cellulase (NS22192, Novozymes) or their mixture at various enzyme ratio. The response surface methodology was used to fit the experimental data and investigate the enzyme ratio influence on the starch recovery yield.  The highest starch yield was achieved in the treatment of bagasse with 15 CMCU and 9PGU per gram of dry bagasse at 450C and pH 5 for 4 hours at the solid loading 5%, attained  86.55% of the residue starch.
BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF HAp/CNTs COATING ON Ti6Al4V ALLOY INTO THE SIMULATED BODY FLUID SOLUTION
Authors: Thom Nguyen Thi , Mai Thanh Dinh Thi , Thanh Van Tran Thi , Nam Pham Thi , Phuong Nguyen Thu , Hong Cao Thi , Kieu Anh Vo Thi
Published: August 2019

Hydroxyapatite doped carbon nanotubes (HAp/CNTs) was synthesized successfully as a coating on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by a scanning potential method. The biocompatibility of the materials soaked into a simulated body fluid solution (SBF) were investigated. SEM images are observed that the formation of new apatite crystals on the surface of Ti6Al4V with HAp or HAp/CNTs coating is better than that of Ti6Al4V. The formed apatite crystals are confirmed by XRD result of Ti6Al4V after 21 soaked days in SBF solution. These results indicated that the coatings of HAp or HAp/CNTs have a good biocompatibility.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF AMINE-SIO2 MATERIAL FOR NITRATE AND PHOSPHATE REMOVAL
Authors: Toan Phan Phuoc , Thanh Nguyen Trung , Huy Nguyen Nhat , Hang Le Ngoc , Thich Le Tri
Published: August 2019

Amine-SiO2 material was synthesized and applied as a novel adsorbent for nitrate and phosphate removal from aqueous solution. The characterization of Amine-SiO2 were done by using TGA, FTIR, BET, and SEM analyses. Results showed that Amine-SiO2 had higher nitrate and phosphate adsorption capacity of 1.14 and 4.16 times, respectively, than commercial anion exchange resin (Akualite A420). In addition, Amine-SiO2 also had good durability with stable performance after at least 10 regeneration times, indicating that this material is very promising for commercialization in the future as an adsorbent for water treatment.
MULTI-BAND PERFECT ABSORPTION INDUCED BY BREAKING THE SYMMETRY OF METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Tiep Dinh Hoang , Tung Bui Son , Nguyen Bui Xuan , Lam Vu Dinh
Published: August 2019

In this work, a multi-band metamaterial perfect absorber is demonstrated numerically and experimentally in the microwave region based on the breaking symmetry of geometrical structure. Initially, when the structure, which is designed in the X shape, is in the symmetric geometry, only one absorption peak is observed. By breaking the symmetry of structure, new absorption peaks emerge, leading to the multi-band perfect absorption. In addition, the separations of absorption peaks are proportional to the degree of geometrical asymmetry. Our work presents a simple and efficient approach to create multi-band metamaterial perfect absorbers.
Agricultural risk modelling to improve market information systems in developing countries
Authors: Vergara Oscar , Wang Heidi , Zuba Gerhard
Published: August 2019

Agricultural risk modelling can be incorporated into market information systems to provide additional information to farmers, traders, donors, and policy makers in developing countries for better agricultural risk management. The experience gained from developing agricultural risk models for the crop insurance sectors of the United States and China allows AIR to describe the model components and data sources needed for the development of similar models for other regions. This paper discusses examples of situations in which agricultural risk modelling can improve the market information provided to farmers and other stakeholders in developing countries.
Kinesigenic reflex epilepsy associated with a glioma in the lateral peri‐rolandic region
Authors: Hoque Romy , Gonzalez‐Toledo Edouardo , Korniychuk Elena , DellaBadia John , Jaffe Stephen L.
Published: August 2019

A patient with kinesigenic focal motor seizures induced by tongue‐jaw movement had a grade III astrocytoma clearly co‐localizing with the epileptic network in the appropriate peri‐rolandic, motor‐sensory, lingual‐jaw cortical area. The clinical seizure phenomena were time‐locked with the EEG epileptic activity. [Published with video sequences]
Epileptic negative drop attacks in atypical benign partial epilepsy: a neurophysiological study
Authors: Hirano Yoshiko , Oguni Hirokazu , Osawa Makiko
Published: August 2019

Purpose

We conducted a computer‐assisted polygraphic analysis of drop attacks in a child with atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE) to investigate neurophysiological characteristics.

Subject and methods

The patient was a six‐year two‐month‐old girl, who had started to have focal motor seizures, later combined with daily epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) and drop attacks, causing multiple injuries. We studied episodes of ENM and drop attacks using video‐polygraphic and computer‐assisted back‐averaging analysis.

Results

A total of 12 ENM episodes, seven involving the left arm (ENMlt) and five involving both arms (ENMbil), and five drop attacks were captured for analysis. All episodes were time‐locked to spike‐and‐wave complexes (SWC) arising from both centro‐temporo‐parietal (CTP) areas. The latency between the onset of SWC and ENMlt, ENMbil, and drop attacks reached 68 ms, 42 ms, and 8 ms, respectively. The height of the spike as well as the slow‐wave component of SWC for drop attacks were significantly larger than that for both ENMlt and ENMbil (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Drop attacks were considered to be epileptic negative myoclonus involving not only upper proximal but also axial muscles, causing the body to fall. Thus, drop attacks in ABPE are considered to be epileptic negative drop attacks arising from bilateral CTP foci and differ from drop attacks of a generalized origin seen in Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome and myoclonic‐astatic epilepsy.
Anatomo‐electro‐clinical correlations: the Innsbruck, Austria Case Report Case 01‐2009: Successful surgery in late onset epilepsy with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Unterberger Iris , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Walser Gerald , Dobesberger Judith , Koppelstaetter Florian , Ortler Martin , Bauer Richard , Trinka Eugen
Published: August 2019

[Case records of Epileptic Disorders. Anatomo‐electro clinical correlations. Case 01‐2009]. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder with variable phenotypic expression, caused by mutations in one of the two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. Epilepsy is the most common neurological presentation and seizures are often medically intractable. Definition of the epileptogenic zone during presurgical evaluation is challenging given the multiple potentially epileptogenic lesions visible on MRI. However, TSC patients may nevertheless achieve seizure freedom, when preoperative evaluation yields concordant results. The strategies used in these patients vary substantially among different epilepsy surgery centres. We present a 21‐year‐old right‐handed, intellectually not impaired woman with TSC and medically intractable seizures since the age of 15 years. Careful multi‐stage presurgical evaluation, including prolonged video‐EEG‐monitoring, cerebral high resolution MRI, ictal and interictal [99m Tc]HMPAO‐SPECT, [18 F]FDG‐PET and further invasive recordings with subdural and depth electrodes led to the identification of an epileptogenic tuber with concordant seizure onset zone in the right neocortical temporal lobe. A tailored resection was performed leading to excellent surgical outcome (follow‐up 12 months, Engel class I).
Complex partial status epilepticus revealing anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Bayreuther Caroline , Bourg Véronique , Dellamonica Jean , Borg Michel , Bernardin Gilles , Thomas Pierre
Published: August 2019

Encephalitis with anti‐NMDA receptor antibodies is a recently‐recognised form of paraneoplastic encephalitis characterized by a prodromal phase of unspecific illness with fever resembling viral disease, followed by memory loss, psychiatric features, seizures, disturbed consciousness, prominent abnormal movements and autonomic imbalance. Association with ovarian teratoma is common. Neurological outcome can be good, especially when surgery is performed at an early stage. Here, we report a case of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma presenting with inaugural complex partial status epilepticus. The nature of abnormal movements at early stages was unclear and abnormal movements were misinterpreted as the recurrence of partial epileptic seizures. Despite its rarity, all clinicians treating epilepsy and movement disorders should be familiar with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis, that appears to be a very severe but curable disease. [Published with video sequences]
Acetaminophen toxicity with concomitant use of carbamazepine
Authors: Jickling Glen , Heino Angela , Ahmed S. Nizam
Published: August 2019

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that can cause acute liver failure when consumed above a maximum daily dose. Certain patients may be at increased risk of hepatocellular damage even at conventional therapeutic doses. We report a case of a 34‐year‐old man on carbamazepine for complex partial seizures who developed acute liver and renal failure on less than 2.5 grams a day of acetaminophen. This raises caution that patients on carbamazepine should avoid chronic use of acetaminophen, and if required use at lower doses with vigilant monitoring for signs of liver damage.
Malignant autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy with repeated episodes of status epilepticus: successful treatment with vagal nerve stimulation
Authors: Carreño Mar , Garcia‐Alvarez Dionisio , Maestro Iratxe , Fernández Santiago , Donaire Antonio , Boget Teresa , Rumià Jordi , Pintor Luis , Setoain Xavier
Published: August 2019

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a familial partial epilepsy syndrome characterized by seizures suggesting a frontal lobe origin occurring predominantly during sleep. Up to a third of patients may have refractory seizures, with repeated episodes of status epilepticus, intellectual disability of variable degree and psychiatric disturbances. We report a patient with ADNFLE, refractory seizures and repeated episodes of life‐threatening convulsive status epilepticus who underwent prolonged video‐EEG monitoring and was implanted with a vagal nerve stimulator. At 3.5 years of follow‐up, a decrease of more than 80% in seizure frequency was achieved, episodes of status were completely controlled and he displayed improved mood and alertness. Vagal nerve stimulation may be considered as therapy for patients with refractory epilepsies of genetic cause, as well as repeated status epilepticus.
Epilepsy in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Kabra Madhulika , Gulati Sheffali
Published: August 2019

This review discusses the various aspects of epilepsy in Down syndrome (DS) from the perspective of paediatric neurology. DS is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation (MR) with a reported prevalence of epilepsy of 1‐13%. Infantile spasms (IS) or West syndrome (WS) is the most frequent epilepsy syndrome in children with DS. IS occur in 0.6‐13% of children with DS, representing 4.5‐47% of seizures in these children. Curiously, these patients have electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of idiopathic rather than symptomatic WS. Despite a lack of consensus on therapeutic approach, no significant difference has been reported among the different regimens with regards to achieving clinical remission or EEG normalisation. It appears that DS patients have better seizure control compared to other patients with symptomatic IS, and early initiation of appropriate treatment may contribute to the prevention of late seizure development and better developmental outcome. Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) also exhibits some distinctive features in children with DS including later onset and high incidence of reflex seizures. Other seizure types including partial and generalised tonic clonic seizures have also been described in children with DS. There is a high rate of EEG abnormalities in children with DS, even among children without epilepsy, however, no patterns specific to DS have been identified and EEG does not correlate with outcome. Various cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to epileptogenesis in DS and offer an interesting field of study.
Video atlas of lateralising and localising seizure phenomena
Authors: Stoyke Cordula , Bilgin Özgür , Noachtar Soheyl
Published: August 2019

The detailed analysis of seizure semiology is an essential tool for diagnosing epileptic patients and is particularly important in the evaluation of patients considered for epilepsy surgery. The meticulous clinical observation of epileptic seizures provides information about the localisation and lateralisation of the symptomatogenic zone. Here, we present a video atlas showing a variety of ictal and postictal localising and lateralising phenomena. [Published with video sequences]
Shaking body attacks: a new type of benign non‐epileptic attack in infancy
Authors: Capovilla Giuseppe
Published: August 2019

Non‐epileptic attacks represent a heterogeneous group of clinical entities which frequently pose a challenge for the differential diagnosis of epilepsy. This is particularly the case when motor manifestations are the main clinical features. For the large majority of patients, such motor manifestations have a benign course. A correct diagnosis is important to avoid inappropriate investigations, unnecessary therapy, and parental anxiety.

Here, a previously unreported form of non‐epileptic attacks with infantile onset is described which is different from all subtypes of Fejerman syndrome and does not appear to be uncommon. Our series includes 23 patients with an age at onset of the paroxysmal events ranging from 3 to 8 months. The characteristic feature is side‐to‐side shaking movements of the trunk and limbs. Surprisingly, urinary infection is often a false diagnosis. Home video recording is particularly helpful in recognising the nature of these episodes once their existence is known. [Published with video sequences]
Recurrent occipital seizures misdiagnosed as status migrainosus
Authors: Italiano Domenico , Grugno Rosario , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Bramanti Placido , Di Maria Franco , Ferlazzo Edoardo
Published: August 2019

Periictal headache is commonly reported in patients with epilepsy and often exhibits migraine features. Misdiagnosis is frequent since visual seizures may often be misinterpreted as visual aura of migraine. We herein describe a 35‐year‐old woman with recurrent occipital seizures, clinically presenting with intractable headache. EEG monitoring was crucial in order to reach the correct diagnosis.
Possible genetic anticipation in families with idiopathic generalised epilepsy
Authors: Cvetkovska Emilija , Panov Sasho
Published: August 2019

Idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) constitute nearly one third of all epilepsies. IGEs manifest with absences, myoclonic jerks and generalised tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS), either alone or in varying combinations, and have a strong genetic background. We present two three‐generation families with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) probands and other affected family members with different forms of IGE in whom genetic anticipation was possible, i.e. the progressive decrease in age at onset with each successive generation. In the first family, the proband presented with JME with all three seizure types with an age at onset of eight years. Her cousin presented with both absence seizures and myoclonic jerks simultaneously at age 14 years, and GTCS occurred one year later. The proband's mother had her first seizures at the age of 39 years (brief myoclonic jerks and subtle absences predated GTCS by a few months). In the second family, the proband and his younger brother presented with JME at the age of 13 years, their mother experienced a single GTCS at the age of 38 years, while the grand‐mother died during de novo generalised status at the age of 62 years. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reports to describe the occurrence of possible genetic anticipation in IGE which should be further investigated in larger cohorts of patients.
Perioral myoclonia with absences and myoclonic status aggravated by oxcarbazepine
Authors: Vrielynck Pascal , Rostomashvili Nino , Degroote Elodie , Ghariani Sophie , van Rijckevorsel Kenou
Published: August 2019

Perioral myoclonia with absences belongs to the “idiopathic generalised epilepsy syndromes in development”, currently not yet cited in the ILAE classification. This epilepsy syndrome is associated with a seizure type that appears to be specific. Here, we report polygraphic recordings of this seizure type in a young boy, previously misdiagnosed with focal epilepsy. EEG and clinical features were useful to differentiate diagnosis of his seizures from other absence or myoclonic seizures. Interestingly, some seizures were associated with neck myoclonia. Home video recording of myoclonic status aggravated by inappropriate treatment is also presented. [Published with video sequences]
Definition of the neurological phenotype associated with dup (X)(p11.22‐p11.23)
Authors: Broli Marcella , Bisulli Francesca , Mastrangelo Massimo , Fontana Elena , Fiocchi Isabella , Zucca Claudio , Bonaglia Maria Clara , Buono Serafino , Musumeci Sebastiano Antonino , Romano Corrado , Reitano Santina , Savio Maria , Vitello Girolamo Aurelio , Bernardi Bruno , Cevolani Daniela , Agati Raffaele , Poda Roberto , Gallassi Roberto , Giorda Roberto , Zuffardi Orsetta , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Seri Marco , Tinuper Paolo
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to describe in detail the neurological features of nine patients carrying the recently reported microduplication at Xp11.22‐11.23. Clinical and neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (except for two patients), electroencephalography and a neuropsychological assessment specific for language disturbances were performed in nine patients with microduplication at Xp11.22‐11.23, disclosed by comparative genomic hybridisation array. Six patients were familial cases belonging to three unrelated pedigrees and three were sporadic cases. The patients had the following characteristics: mild dysmorphic facial features (except for two patients), mental retardation with moderate to severe global language deterioration, electroencephalographic epileptiform discharges during wakefulness and especially during sleep or electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep in younger cases, and negative brain magnetic resonance imaging. The main clinical features of this new microduplication syndrome were mild facial dysmorphisms, from increased electroencephalogram abnormalities during sleep to electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep, and mental retardation mainly involving language function in the absence of detectable brain lesions. In the absence of detectable brain lesions, speech delay may be associated with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep or, alternatively, related to abnormal brain expression of a dosage‐sensitive gene contained within the duplication region.
Lessons learned from a comparison of language localisation using fMRI and electrocortical mapping: case studies of neocortical epilepsy patients
Authors: Kim Kwang Ki , Privitera Michael D , Szaflarski Jerzy P
Published: August 2019

Electrocortical mapping (ECM) is recognised as an established method for localisation of eloquent cortex in patients undergoing resective surgery for epilepsy management. Functional MRI (fMRI) has been utilised for language and other cortical function localisation. We describe language localisation in two patients using both ECM and fMRI. Co‐registration of fMRI and ECM revealed that although two fMRI tasks localised multiple language areas, the verb generation task had an advantage over the semantic decision/tone decision task in that there was a clear overlap between the language areas identified by the verb generation task and ECM. In addition to the language areas detected by ECM, fMRI showed other language‐related areas that may be important for post‐operative language outcome. Therefore, fMRI may provide additional and complementary information to ECM in presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. The correlation between fMRI and ECM may depend on the language testing methods utilised during the procedures.
Transient periodic lateralised epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) following internal carotid artery stenting
Authors: Marino Daniela , Vatti Giampaolo , Rufa Alessandra , Malandrini Alessandro , Rocchi Raffaele , Bracco Sandra , Buccoliero Rosaria , Federico Antonio
Published: August 2019

Background. Periodic lateralised epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are EEG patterns consisting of periodic or pseudoperiodic unilateral, focal or hemispheric epileptiform discharges at a rate of 1‐2 Hz. PLEDs may be triggered by acute brain injuries or systemic metabolic changes such as fever, hyperglycaemia or electrolyte imbalance and may result in disturbance of consciousness and/or neurological deficits. Case report. A 58‐year‐old female with a history of focal epilepsy and deep brain haematoma presented with acute change in awareness, associated with EEG evidence of PLEDs, three days after a left internal carotid artery stenting procedure. Clinical examination, laboratory testing and MRI were unchanged with respect to pre‐stenting investigations. Conclusion. In this patient, PLEDs may have been triggered by local haemodynamic changes due to reperfusion after stenting in a previously damaged brain area.
Presentation of an unusual patient with Lafora disease
Authors: Gökdemir Selim , Çağlayan Hande , Kızıltan Meral , Karaağac Naci , Leblebici Cem , Yeni S Naz
Published: August 2019

Lafora disease is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The condition is characterised by seizures, myoclonus and dementia. In this case report, a patient who presented with generalised tonic‐clonic seizures at the age of 30 is discussed. Until the age of 48, the patient did not have myoclonic jerks or ataxia clinically, but had well controlled seizures. He developed dementia and late extrapyramidal signs. Axillary skin biopsy revealed typical Lafora inclusion bodies. Genetic analysis showed a mutation in the EMP2B gene. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient suffering from a Lafora disease without disabling myoclonus and ataxia but rather rare seizures, extrapyramidal signs, and dementia.
Pilomotor seizures: a video case report
Authors: Haykal Mohamad Ayman , Abou‐Khalil Bassel
Published: August 2019

Piloerection is a rare ictal manifestation usually associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. We present video and electrographic documentation of pilomotor seizures in a 75‐year‐old man with left temporal lobe epilepsy and remote herpes zoster encephalitis. In general, piloerection is most often localised to the temporal lobe. Unilateral piloerection is usually associated with an ipsilateral ictal onset. Bilateral piloerection has a less certain lateralising value, although earlier reports suggest left hemispheric predominance [Published with videosequences].
Late‐onset, praxis‐induced myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Glenn Melanie , Carrazana Enrique J , Lopez Maria Raquel , Wallace Douglas M
Published: August 2019

Praxis‐induction of seizures is an interesting subset of reflex epilepsy in which seizures are induced by higher mental activities associated with the use of part of the body. Reflex traits have often been described in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. We report a patient presenting with praxis‐induced myoclonic epilepsy at a late age. Ictal myoclonus was triggered by building a bird house and captured by video‐polygraphic EEG recording. At 39 years old, the patient's age at onset of epilepsy was consistent with the syndrome of adult myoclonic epilepsy. Our case supports the notion of adult myoclonic epilepsy with possible occurrence of praxis‐activation of seizures, as has been noted with the other idiopathic generalised epilepsies. [Published with videosequences]
Clinical trials in acute repetitive seizures and status epilepticus*
Authors: Shorvon Simon
Published: August 2019

This paper reviews the clinical trials in acute repetitive seizures and in tonic‐clonic status epilepticus. There are good randomised controlled studies on the use of benzodiazepines in early status epilepticus, but an inadequate trial base in the later stages. Therapy has therefore to be based on open studies, although in the later stages there is also a dearth of open data. Tonic‐clonic status epilepticus is a medical emergency and a condition with a significant mortality. The lack of information compromises optimal therapy. This paper reviews the reasons for the lack of data and the problems associated with collecting data. It is proposed that, in the first instance, the best way of improving the quality of evidence would be a multinational case registry of existing practice.
Video‐EEG documented lengthy seizure in Panayiotopoulos syndrome: clinical manifestations may be inconspicuous
Authors: Schmidt Gabriela , Zaiwalla Zenobia , Alexopoulou Domna , Panayiotopoulos Chrysostomos P
Published: August 2019

A 4‐year‐old boy had an autonomic seizure of Panayiotopoulos syndrome during video‐EEG recording. Interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes in the centrotemporal and left posterior regions. Ictal electrographic onset included fast rhythms in the left posterior regions progressing to a mixture of high‐amplitude spikes and fast and slow rhythms, bilaterally. The clinical symptoms (sighing, arousal with eyes opening, eye‐deviation, and emesis with possible alteration of consciousness) started two minutes after the electrographic onset. These symptoms were mild and their characterisation as epileptic seizure behaviour would have been difficult without the ictal EEG documentation. The clinical manifestations of the child's previous epileptic seizures were mainly from the Rolandic area. [Published with video sequences]