bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER LOSS IN NEWBORN INFANTS II. Relation to Activity and Body Temperature
Authors: HAMMARLUND K. , NILSSON G. E. , ÖBERG P. Å. , SEDIN G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Using a method described in a previous article the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was studied in 10 healthy newborn infants at rest and during activity. On the average TEWL was 37% higher during activity than during rest although no sweating was observed. In 9 infants placed in incubators with an ambient temperature slightly above the thermoneutral range measurements were made as the body temperature rose. TEWL was almost constant until a temperature of 37.1°C was reached whereupon the water loss suddenly increased as the infant started sweating.
SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THEOPHYLLINE IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF DOSES GENERALLY RECOMMENDED:NEW DOSAGE REGIMEN REQUIRED
Authors: SELVIG K. , HOLMEN T. LINGAAS , AAS K. , RUGSTAD H. E. , BJERVE K. S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Serum concentrations of theophylline following intravenous and oral administration of aminophylline were studied in asthmatic children, 2–17 years of age. The biological half‐life (β) of theophylline varied between 165 and 495 min. The results revealed that an intravenous loading dose of 6 mg of aminophylline per kg body weight was necessary in order to obtain therapeutic concentrations in children who had not received the drug for the last 6 to 8 hours. The maintenance dose should be determined and controlled by use of serum concentration determinations. In a group of children receiving 5 mg of aminophylline per kg body weight 3 times a day orally, none had concentrations within the therapeutic range in the morning, and only 39% reached therapeutic levels 2 h after the morning dose. No correlation was found between the serum concentration of theophylline and the amount of drug given per kg body weight. The results show that theophylline concentration analysis is necessary to obtain adequate therapeutic levels in children without risking toxic effects.
SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS DETECTED IN INFANCY
Authors: AHLFORS K. , IVARSSON S.‐A. , JOHNSSON T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A serological investigation on infants with incidentally detected cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion was made in an attempt to differentiate between congenital and acquired infections. Generally, each of the patients, 0–12 months old at the detection of CMV‐excretion, was studied by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test for IgM‐antibodies in cord serum and by complement fixation (CF) test performed on cord serum and a number of sera drawn after the detection of CMV. Two out of 4 patients with virologically confirmed congenital CMV‐infection, as shown by positive virus isolation within 1 week of age, had a positive CMV‐IgM‐test in cord serum. One of these two children also had a persistently high CMV‐CF‐titer from birth until 2 months of age, indicating congenital infection. In the remaining 46 cases, all with the CMV‐excretion detected after 3 weeks of age, in half of the cases after 5 months, no positive IgM‐reaction was recorded in cord serum. No persistently high CF‐titer could be demonstrated among 13 out of the 46 patients from whom sera were drawn at birth and at 1–4 months. Six out of these 13 patients had a CF‐titer rise after the period of 1–4 months, indicating acquired infection. However, also one of the congenitally infected children had a similar titer increase. Many patients lacked characteristic serological patterns, some of them in spite of access to sera drawn at birth, as well as at 1–4 months of age and later on. It could be concluded that the possibility of making a serological distinction of congenital and acquired infant CMV infection found, by chance, during infancy is limited.
EVIDENCE OF RIBOFLAVIN DEPLETION IN BREAST‐FED NEWBORNS AND ITS FURTHER ACCELERATION DURING TREATMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA BY PHOTOTHERAPY
Authors: HOVI L. , HEKALI R. , SIIMES M. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Phototherapy in the treatment of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, resulting in degradation of bilirubin, also appears to have other photodynamic effects on metabolism. We studied flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) saturation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, which should reflect riboflavin nutritional status, in 28 healthy newborns, and followed 37 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia prior to the start of and during phototherapy. The results indicate that healthy newborns on human milk feeding, relatively poor in riboflavin, have evidence of a transient riboflavin depletion soon after birth. This effect is made more pronounced by phototherapy and partially prevented by parenteral or oral administration of moderate amounts of riboflavin.
A PROSPECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF THREE GIRLS WITH MOSAIC MONGOLISM
Authors: LINNÉ T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Three girls with mosaic mongolism (46, XX/47, XX, +21) were followed cytogenetically and psychologically from the time of diagnosis at 8, 17 and 32 months of age, respectively, to the age of 13–15.5 years. All showed muscular hypotonia and hyperflexible joints at the time of diagnosis, but otherwise the physical characteristics of Down's syndrome were weakly expressed. The percentage of trisomic cells in the peripheral blood decreased with time, but were still higher in lymphocytes than in skin fibroblasts at the last investigation. Developmental milestones were delayed in all cases, and the developmental and intelligence quotients were decreased. Mental retardation was only slight in one of the cases (I.Q. =65 at the age of 14 years 8 months). The intelligence quotients showed declining trends with time. Social ability and school results tended to be better than could be expected from the test results.
SCLERODERMA WITH MASSIVE REGIONAL LYMPHADENOPATHY
Authors: TANGSRUD S. E. , SKYBERG D. , LARSEN TOVE EEG
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Scleroderma in a two‐year‐old boy with gross enlargement of the right inguinal lymph nodes, as an early sign, is reported. Repeated lymph node biopsies revealed non‐characteristic reactive changes and hyperplasia, but eventually histological examinations of skin and muscle from the right leg were diagnostic. The effect of one year of D‐penicillamine therapy is briefly mentioned.
NONKETOTIC HYPERGLYCINEMIA Clinical, Biochemical and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: KØLVRAA S. , BRANDT N. J. , CHRISTENSEN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A patient exhibiting progressive cerebral depression from the first days of life is described. The diagnosis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia was established on the typical clinical presentation, elevated glycine concentrations in body fluids and diminished glycine cleavage activity in liver tissue. A series of therapatic trials, including strychnine treatment, was tried on this patient without apparent effect on the clinical course.
CHILD HEALTH IN EUROPE: A Review of WHO Activities
Authors: PETERSSON P. O. , ICHIMURA K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Petersson, P. O. and Ichimura, K. (Administration, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Child health in Europe—A review of WHO activities. Review of the activities in maternal and child health arranged in recent years by the European Office of the World Health Organization.
PERINATAL MORTALITY IN SWEDEN: Analyses with International Aspects
Authors: KARLBERG P. , ERICSON A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Karlberg, P. and Ericson, A. (Department of Pediatrics I, University of Göteborg, Göteborg and National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm). Perinatal mortality in Sweden. Analyses with international aspects. The perinatal mortality in Sweden has been decreasing during the last four decades. From available vital statistics in 1976 Sweden's figures are the lowest internationally. The decline continues and in 1978 the figure was as low as 10.0 per thousand. The five‐year period 1973–1977 has been specially analysed using medical birth records from all births. Data from an international perinatal study in 1973 coordinated by WHO have been treated in the same way. With birth weight (BW) specific mortality rates in groups of 250 g it is shown that late fetal deaths (LFD) are related to BW only for high BW and that early neonatal deaths (END) are inversly related to BW. There is no sex difference in LFD but a marked male dominance in END, with one third higher rate for the boys. BW specific mortality rates in BW groups of 250 g, separated in LFD and END can be used as a tool for evaluating the quality of perinatal care. The influence of factors related to patterns and standards of living is emphasized. It is suggested that perinatal mortality should be given in its two components separately late fetal death rates (LFD) and early neonatal death rates (END).
PERINATAL MORTALITY AMONG CHILDREN OF IMMIGRANT MOTHERS IN SWEDEN
Authors: SMEDBY B. , ERICSON A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Smedby, B. and Ericson, A. (Department of Social Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, and National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden). Perinatal mortality among children of immigrant mothers in Sweden. The perinatal mortality among the infants of foreign and Swedish mothers was studied with the help of the data submitted to the medical birth register in 1973–1976. Unexpectedly, the perinatal mortality was slightly lower among the infants of the immigrant mothers. This difference could not be explained by differences in the distribution by age or parity of the mothers or by the length of gestation of the infants. A conceivable explanation is that the foreign mothers constituted a favorably selected group.
PAEDIATRIC SERVICES WITHIN THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN SUBURBAN AREAS
Authors: HÖJER B. , OLIN P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Höjer, B. and Olin, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Huddinge Hospital, Sachsska Children's Hospital and St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Paediatric services within the primary health care system in suburban areas. Results from a few studies on community paediatrics in suburbs of Stockholm are presented. Pattern of diagnoses, utilization of care and social and psychological team work are discussed. Goals of the paediatric service in the primary care are set up and a distribution of duties between different professionals is suggested.
DEALING WITH SUSPICIONS OF MALFORMATION FREQUENCY INCREASE: Experience with the Swedish Register of Congenital Malformations
Authors: KÄLLÉN B. , WINBERG J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Källén, B. and Winberg, J. (Department of Embryology, University of Lund and Department of Paediatrics at the Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm). Dealing with suspicions of malformation frequency increase, Experiences with the Swedish Register of Congenital Malformations. Strategies in dealing with data obtained from malformation monitoring based on experiences with the Swedish monitoring systems, operating since 1965 (Register of Congenital Malformations) and 1973 (Medical Birth Register) are discussed. The importance of checking data that have sounded an alarm is stressed. Experience has shown that false alarms due to artefacts, such as changed diagnostic routines, changed reporting or registration of malformations, or random fluctuations, comprise most suspected changes in incidence. If a true increase in malformation frequency or a local cluster is observed, a hint of possible aetiological factors can be obtained from studies of maternal age distribution, seasonal variation, geographical distribution, etc. The last step of the analysis consists of a case‐control or a cohort study, aimed at revealing a specific teratogen. The importance of locating limited research resources to well‐defined problems using high quality data is stressed.
MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN SWEDEN: Integration into Society: the Progress in the Last Decade
Authors: GRUNEWALD K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Grunewald, K. (National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden). Mentally retarded children and young people in Sweden. Integration into society: the progress in the last decade. The services for the mentally retarded follow the principle of normalization, with integration as the most important means towards achieving this goal. A total of 0.44 % of the population are mentally retarded. This number is decreasing. Only 23% of these are midly mentally retarded. The number living in different forms of institutions, is given by age and grade of retardation as well as the number of integrated school classes, and the changes in these respects since 1970 are described.
BREAST FEEDING TRENDS AND RECENT INFORMATION ACTIVITIES IN SWEDEN
Authors: HOFVANDER Y. , SJÖLIN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hofvander, Y. and Sjölin, S. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Breast feeding trends and recent information activities in Sweden. The breast feeding rate has been declining steadily in Sweden since the 1930's up to the early 1970's. It is suggested that this was linked to the changing role of women, the development towards the nuclear family, the changing way of living, the influence of strict routines at the maternities and many other factors. A Committee was appointed in 1973 by the National Board of Health and Welfare, which initiated a number of breast feeding promoting activities: the editing of a Manual for health personnel, and booklets for mothers, the systematic arranging of workshops for key personnel in each county, stimulation to more flexible and breast feeding favouring maternity routines, backing of working groups of La Leche League‐type, etc. Coinciding with these activities and probably a result of changed breast feeding attitudes among mothers, the breast feeding rate has increased considerably—at 2 months from an all time low of 31 % in 1972 to 62% in 1976/77, and at 6 months from 6% to 20%.
COMBINED TEST OF HYPOTHALAMIC‐PITUITARY FUNCTION IN GROWTH RETARDED CHILDREN TREATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE I. Secretion of Growth Hormone and Somatomedin before and after Treatment
Authors: KASTRUP K. W. , ANDERSEN H. , ESKILDSEN P. C. , JACOBSEN B. B. , KRABBE S. , PETERSEN K. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Kastrup, K. W., Andersen, H., Eskildsen, P. C., Jacobsen, B. B., Krabbe, S. and Petersen, K. E. (Children's Hospital, Fuglebakken and Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Combined test of hypothalamic—pituitary function in growth retarded children treated with growth hormone. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl 277: 9, 1979.—In 23 growth retarded children two consecutive insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed to establish a diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Nine children did not respond (GH peak value less than 8 mU/l), whereas 14 were classified as having partial GH deficiency (GH peak value less than 20 mU/l). All were treated for an average period of 40 months with human growth hormone (HGH). In a combined stimulation test at the end of the treatment period 9 children demonstrated a persistent GH deficiency, whereas a normal response was found in 14 of the previous partial GH deficient children. During treatment the monthly growth rate rose from 0.21 cm to 0.58 cm in the GH deficient children and from 0.31 cm to 0.70 cm in the partial deficient children, in most of whom spontaneous pubertal development occurred during treatment. Somatomedin (SM) values were decreased in the GH deficient children before and after treatment but increased to normal levels during treatment. Growth velocity in these children during treatment was correlated to SM values before treatment. In the partial GH deficient children SM values were subnormal before but normal after treatment. This supports the assumption that in some children with constitutional delay in puberty a reversible functional hypopituitarism exists, which is normalized after the onset of puberty, due to androgens sensitizing growth hormone releasing mechanisms. Treatment with HGH may induce increased growth velocity in some of these patients.
LOW URINARY ESTRIOL DURING PREGNANCY CAUSED BY ISOLATED FETAL ACTH‐DEFICIENCY
Authors: ZACHMANN M. , GIRARD J. , DUC G. , ILLIG R. , PRADER A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Zachmann, M., Girard, J., Duc, G., Illig, R. and Prader, A. (Departments of Pediatrics, Universities of Zurich and Basel, Switzerland). Low urinary estriol during pregnancy caused by isolated fetal ACTH‐deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 26, 1979.—In a 34‐year‐old pregnant woman, serum HPL and urinary HCG were normal, but urinary estriol was repeatedly low. A normal boy was delivered after 38 weeks gestation. During the neonatal period, he had hypoglycemia, muscular hypotonia and transient hyperbilirubinemia. The ACTH‐test was normal, but the THS‐response to metyrapone was low. Serum ACTH did not respond to insulin and metyrapone. Growth hormone, TSH and gonadotropin responses to stimuli were normal. Treatment with hydrocortisone resulted in disappearance of the symptoms. It is concluded that fetal ACTH‐deficiency is one of the specific endocrine causes of low maternal estriol.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY IN TREATED THYROID DYSGENESIS
Authors: WOLTER R. , NOËL P. , COCK P. DE , CRAEN M. , ERNOULD CH. , MALVAUX P. , VERSTRAETEN F. , SIMONS J. , MERTENS S. , BROECK N. VAN , VANDERSCHUEREN‐LODEWEYCKX M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Wolter, R., Noël, P., De Cock, P., Craen, M., Ernould, Ch., Malvaux, P., Verstraeten, F., Simons, J., Mertens, S., Van Broeck, N. and Vanderschueren‐Lodeweyckx, M. (Departments of Paediatrics, Universities of Brussels, Leuven, Ghent, Liège and Louvain, Belgium). Neuropsychological study in treated thyroid dysgenesis. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 41, 1979.—Neuropsychological assessment was carried out in 57 patients aged 3.0 to 17.5 years (mean 8.5) with thyroid dysgenesis under adequate long‐term therapy. Starting age of hypothyroidism as estimated by bone age at diagnosis was prenatal in 32 cases, close to birth in 13 cases and postnatal of 1–12 months in 12 cases. Hypothyroidism of prenatal onset results in severe neuropsychological disorders and mental retardation if not treated early. Only some signs of “minimal brain dysfunction” which compensate with advancing age and normal IQ are found in these children if therapy is started before one month of age. Hypothyroidism starting at birth does not result in mental retardation but neuropsychological disorders are found. They are more frequent if treatment is started after 6 months of age. Children who become hypothyroid between 1 and 12 months of age are usually not mentally retarded and show minor neuropsychological disorders.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM IN INFANCY ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND RELATED FACTORS: Studies of Infants Fed Salted and Unsalted Diets for Five Months at Eight Months and Eight Years of Age
Authors: Whitten Charles F. , Stewart Robert A.
Published: January 2008

The results of animal and epidemiological studies suggest commercially salted infant foods may predispose infants to hypertension. Testing this hypothesis, two groups of black male infants were fed identical foods with and without added salt for 5 months starting at 3 months of age. These diets, which provided 1.93±0.10 and 9.25±0.05 mEq Na/100 kcal, did not result in a significant difference in blood pressure at 8 months or 8 years of age. Blood pressure was significantly correlated with weight factors, particularly at 8 years, but not with Na intake, Na or Na/K excretion or plasma renin at 8 months.

Significantly increased sodium and potassium excretion was noted on the salted diet and significantly increased aldosterone excretion was noted on the unsalted diet. A 6% expansion in extra‐cellular fluid volume for the high sodium group was statistically significant but was not correlated with blood pressure or urine volume and did not result in edema or increased weight.

There was no indication that the salted foods imprinted a preference for salt at 8 years.

It was concluded that a salt intake representing the 99th percentile of sodium intake by U.S. infants in 1969 had no hypertensive effect in infancy or at 8 years of age. Nor did it imprint a preference for salt at 8 years.
POST‐NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF FACTOR IX
Authors: SCHETTINI F. , MATTIA D. De , ALTOMARE M. , MONTAGNA O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Schettini F., De Mattia D., Altomare M. and Montagna O. (University of Bari, Institute of Child Health, Bari, Italy). Postnatal development of factor IX. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 53, 1980.—Post‐natal development of clotting activity and of antigen level of Factor IX was evaluated in 111 healthy, breastfed, newborn infants, aged 1–30 days. Of these, 80 had received at birth 2 mg of vitamin K1 orally. Factor IX clotting activity was determined by one‐stage assay and antigen level by electroimmunoassay. On the 1st day both antigen level and clotting activity were low and the ratio was 1.01. There was a significant postnatal increase of the two activities of Factor IX during the first three days of life; thereafter both remained constant. No statistical difference in Factor IX activity was found with oral administration of vitamin K1 after the birth. During the first month of life both clotting activity and antigen level of Factor IX were low as compared to adult values. There was no correlation with age. The Factor IX protein of newborns did not show molecular heterogeneity by crossed‐immunoelectrophoresis
ALPHA FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA
Authors: IKONEN R. S. , LINDGREN J. , NIEMI E. , SORTO A. E. , SEPPÄLÄ M. , RUOSLAHTI E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ikonen, R. S., Lindgren, J., Niemi, E., Sorto, A. E., Seppälä, M. and Ruoslahti, E. (Department of Paediatrics, Central Hospital of Tampere; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki; Department of Paediatrics, Central Hospital of Satakunta, Pori; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland and Division of Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA). Alpha fetoprotein levels in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:59, 1980.—Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were studied in 15 neonatally hyperbilirubinaemic children and 15 controls matched for sex and gestational age. All children were born between 38 and 40 weeks of gestation. During the first seven weeks of postnatal life hyperbilirubinaemic children had serum AFP concentrations over twice as high as controls. At the age of 5–7 days the mean (± S.E.M.) serum AFP values were 52.4.i‐5.8 mg/I for hyperbilirubinaemic children and 24.8 ± 4.3 mg/l for controls (p < 0.001). At 20–25 days of age they were 7.28 ± 1.10 and 2.75 ± 0.45 mg/I, respectively (p < 0.001), and at 40–49 days 1.39 ± 0.21 and 0.46 ± 0.07 mg/l (p < 0.001). However, no correlation was found between serum bilirubin and AFP concentrations in hyperbilirubinaemic children
HYPERTHYROIDISM, DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME
Authors: FLORET D. , ROSENBERG D. , HAGE G. N. , MONNET P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Floret, D., Rosenberg, D., Hage, G. N. and Monnet, P. (Clinique Médicate Infantile B, Hopital E. Herriot, Lyon, France). Hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and congenital rubella syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 259, 1980.—A male patient born to a mother who developed rubella during the tenth week of gestation presented a typical congenital rubella syndrome with mental retardation, neuro‐sensory deafness, hypoplasia of the dental enamel and chorioretinitis. Hyperthyroidism occurred at the age of 3 10/12 years and was treated successfully with propylthiouracil for 4 years. The course was complicated by premature craniosynostosis and a craniectomy was performed at the age of 7 years. Overt diabetes mellitus developed at 17 years and was well controlled by insulin therapy. Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens were A2, B8, B40. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders have previously been reported after congenital rubella, and recently after congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Our patient had both endocrinopathies. It is possible that HLA B8 antigens might be responsible for increased susceptibility to rubella infection.
PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING: EFFECT ON NEONATES OF CHANGE OF FEEDING ROUTINE AT A MATERNITY UNIT
Authors: VERRONEN P. , VISAKORPI J. K. , LAMMI A. , SAARIKOSKI S. , TAMMINEN T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Verronen, P., Visakorpi, J. K., Lammi, A., Saarikoski, S. and Tamminen, T. (Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Tampere, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Hospital of Tampere, Finland). Promotion of breast feeding: effect on neonates of change in feeding routine at a maternity unit. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 279, 1980.—The effect on the health of neonates of a change in neonatal routine care, including general rooming‐in, breast feeding on demand and avoidance of supplementary bottle feedings was studied in conjunction to a breast feeding campaign at a maternity unit. There was an accentuated weight loss in the neonatal period during ad libitum breast feeding. The mean serum bilirubin of clinically jaundiced infants was slightly higher on a 4‐hourly feeding schedule with supplementary bottles than on the new regimen. There was a similar high (32–33%) incidence of bilirubin levels >205 µmol/l (12 mg/100 ml) in both groups. The incidence of spontaneous hypoglycaemia did not differ in the two groups. The new feeding regimen was thus considered safe. Infants at risk for hypoglycaemia were given supplementary bottles and were excluded from the study
SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS IN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN CHILDREN
Authors: IJAIYA KUNLE , ROTH BERND , SCHWENK ALFRED
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ijaiya, K., Roth, B. and Schwenk, A. (The University Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany). Serum porlactin levels in renal insufficiency in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 299, 1980.—Basal prolactin concentrations in forty‐eight children with acute or chronic renal disease have been compared with those in thirty‐four healthy control subjects. Elevated basal prolactin levels and an abnormal prolactin response to intravenous thyrotropin‐releasing hormone were found in children with chronic renal failure on maintenance intermittent haemodialysis. No significant change in plasma prolactin concentrations and osmolality was observed before and after haemodialysis, despite a fall in plasma creatinine concentrations. The elevated prolactin levels fell to normal in three patients after successful renal transplantation. It is suggested that the kidney has an important role to play in prolactin metabolism.
ALBRIGHT'S HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY
Authors: BOSCHERINI B. , COEN G. , BIANCHINI G. , GALLUCCI G. , BALLANTI P. , PASQUINO A. M. , PICCOLO F. , BITTI M. L. MANCA , SPADONI G. L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Boscherini, B., Coen, G., Bianchini, G., Gallucci, G., Ballanti, P., Pasquino, A. M., Piccolo, F., Manca Bitti, M. L. and Spadoni, G. L. (First Paediatric Clinic and Second Medical Clinic, University of Rome, Italy). Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:305, 1980. The authors observed different clinical forms of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy in 4 members of a family (two sisters, their mother and the maternal grandfather). The sisters were affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type I, the older manifested the hypocalcemic variety, the younger the normocalcemic variety; the mother and the grandfather presented only with short stature and subcutaneous calcifications. The variety of clinical and biochemical alterations observed in these 3 generations supports evidence that Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy has a broad spectrum and that distinctions between the various forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism should not be rigidly considered.
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE (GIP) AND ITS POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE ENTEROINSULAR AXIS IN NEONATES
Authors: LUCAS A. , SARSON D. L. , BLOOM S. R. , AYNSLEY‐GREEN A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lucas, A., Sarson, D. L., Bloom, S. R. and Aynsley‐Green, A. (University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Hammersmith Hospital, London, England). Developmental aspects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and its possible role in the enteroinsular axis in neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 321, 1980.—Little is known on the development of the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in neonates or on its potential role in the enteroinsular axis. Using cross‐section data collection we studied: (a) 100 preterm neonates either at birth (cord blood), or before or after a feed on the sixth or 24th day and (b) 63 term neonates at birth or on the sixth day. Blood samples were assayed for GIP, insulin and glucose. At birth plasma GIP concentrations were low compared with fasting adults (p > 0.01). Basal plasma levels were significantly higher at six days in fed infants, but not in a group of sick preterm infants who had never been fed orally. On sixth day there was no GIP response to a feed, but by 24th day there was a marked postprandial elevation (p > 0.01). In preterm infants the insulin response was 68 % greater at 24 days than at six days in spite of a similar glycaemic response. We hypothesize that this increasing postnatal insulin response to enteral feeding may be due to the commencement of the postprandial release of GIP, thought to be an important effector in the enteroinsular axis.
UMBILICAL ARTERY CATHETERIZATION IN NEWBORNS: V. A Clinical Follow‐up Study
Authors: WESSTRöM GöRAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Wesström, G. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden). Umbilical‐artery catheterization in newborns. V. A clinical follow‐up study. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 371, 1980.—The long‐term effects of umbilical artery catheterization were studied in forty‐nine children. At the age of about 18 months their gross motor and neurological development, peripheral circulation, and growth of the legs were investigated. The infants with catheter‐related thrombo‐embolism in the legs diagnosed in the neonatal period with the aid of angiography and investigated by plethysmography were re‐examined once or more during the first year of life by strain‐gauge plethysmography. One child who showed total occlusion of the iliac artery as newborn, had a difference in calf circumference at the 18‐month examination of 1.5 cm, the only finding in this study related to catheter‐associated thrombosis. In infants with neonatal thrombo‐embolism in the legs the initial crural difference in systolic blood pressure diminished slowly, and at 12 months a blood‐pressure difference of more than 10 mmHg remained in only one infant.
MENINGITIS IN A NEWBORN INFANT CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS
Authors: HJELM E. , JONSELL G. , LINGLöF T. , MÅRDH P.‐A. , MØLLER B. , SEDIN G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hjelm, E., Jonsell, G., Linglöf, T., Mårdh, P.‐A., Møller, B. and Sedin, G. (Departments of Clinical Microbiology, Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, and the Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark). Meningitis in a newborn infant cawed by Mycoplasma hominis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 415, 1980.—When 10 days old an infant born after 34–35 weeks of gestation developed meningitis with pleocytosis and a low glucose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Mycoplasm hominis was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid and treatment with doxycycline was given. The strain was later found to be resistant to tetracycline. After institution of lincomycin, cultures for mycoplasmas were negative. The infant, who during the course of the meningitis had developed a transient increase in intracranial pressure, was healthy and normally developed at the age of one year.—This is the first report on an infection caused by a tetracycline‐resistant strain of Mycoplasma hominis.
CIRCULATING ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE DURING LABOUR AND IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: LEUNG ALEXANDER K. C. , McARTHUR ROBERT G. , McMILLAN DOUGLAS D. , KO DAVID , DEACON JOHN S. R. , PARBOOSINGH JOHN T. , LEDERIS KARL P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Leung, A., McArthur, R., McMillan, D., Ko, D., Deacon, J., Parboosingh, J. and Lederis K. (the Divisions of Paediatrics, Pharmacology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada). Circulating antidiuretic hormone during labour and in the newborn. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 505, 1980.—Using a high specificity radioimmunoassay, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations were measured in the plasma of 33 expectant mothers during labour, in cord arterial and venous plasma of their infants at the time of delivery (19 delivered vaginally; 14 delivered by Cesarean section) and in the plasma of the same infants in the first few days of life. Extremely high concentrations of ADH (about 50 times higher than adult basal concentrations) were present in cord arterial blood indicating active fetal production of ADH. Plasma ADH decreased rapidly within an hour after birth and usually fell to adult basal levels during the first day of life. Stressed babies and babies subjected to difficult deliveries had higher plasma levels of ADH.
PPD TESTING AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID IN NON‐TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIOSIS: Clinical and Immunological Investigations in 4 Children with Cervical Lymphadenitis
Authors: HALLBERG ANITA , HALLBERG TORGNY , HOLMBERG LARS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hallberg, A., Hallberg, T. and Holmberg, L. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmo Allmanna Sjukhus, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden). PPD testing as a diagnostic aid in non‐tuberculous mycobacteriosis. Clinical and immunological investigations in 4 children with cervical lymphadenitis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:511, 1980.—Four children suffering from unilateral cervical lymphadenitis with histopathological changes typical of mycobacteriosis were seen during a short time. None of the Children had been BCG vaccinated. Mycobacteria belonging to the Myobacterium aviumintracellulare complex were isolated from excised lymph nodes in two of the patients. Intracutaneous tests with PPD from M. tuberculosis were negative in all the children, whereas two children responded to each of 3 PPDs prepared from atypical mycobacteria. Two patients were unreactive in all the skin tests. Lymphocyte transformation tests in vitro with a battery of various PPDs indicated sensitization to atypical mycobacteria in two children, one of which was negative in the skin tests. All the patients had normal plasma Ig concentrations but two patients had low proportions of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. One of these also had reduced total numbers of T cells. Nevertheless, lymphocyte responses in vitro to phytohaemagglutinin were normal in all the children. The results show that cutaneous and in vitro tests with a battery of different PPDs have a place as diagnostic adjuncts in atypical mycobacteriosis. We suggest that immunological competence is analysed in such patients.
PANCREATIC B‐CELL FUNCTION AND ABNORMAL URINARY PEPTIDES IN A BOY WITH LIPOATROPHIC DIABETES AND STENOSIS OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS
Authors: HÁGER A. , HEDING L. G. , LARSSON Y. , LUDVIGSSON J. , TRYGSTAD O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Häger, A., Heding, L. G., Larsson, Y., Ludvigsson, J. and Trygstad, O. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden, Novo Research Institute Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Paediatrics, Rikshopitalet, Oslo, Norway). Pancreatic B‐cell function and abnormal urinary peptides in a boy with lipoatrophic diabetes and stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:537, 1980. A boy with the classical clinical manifestations of acquired lipoatrophic diabetes has been studied for 5 years from the onset of diabetes at age 13. At the age of 15 a ventriculo‐cisternal shunt operation was performed because of stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, followed by a dramatic improvement in his diabetic state with a decrease of the 24 hr insulin requirement from 130 to 32 units. After 12 months there was a relapse with increased insulin requirement up to the preoperative level. Pimozide treatment was given for 7 months with no effect on the metabolic derangements. Extremely high basal levels of serum C‐peptide and pro‐insulin were found throughout the period of observation. A further increase occurred after i.v. arginine infusion tests, indicating hyperfunctioning B‐cells. Repeated screenings of peptides in the urine by sephadex chromatography revealed pathological patterns similar to those observed in patients with other hypothalamic disorders, but different from that found in the urine of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Injection into mice of peptides extracted from the preoperative urine produced an acute hyperglycemia. The mechanisms behind this hypothalamic syndrome are unknown, but it is postulated that the abnormal urinary polypeptides originate from disorganized hypothalamic centres and that these peptides may be responsible for the disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA IN A CHILD: A GENERALIZED ARTERIAL DISEASE
Authors: PESONEN E. , KOSKIMIES O. , RAPOLA J. , JÄÄSKELÄINEN J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pesonen, E., Koskimies, O., Rapola, J. and Jaaskelainen, J. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). Fibromuscular dysplasia in a child: a generalized arterial disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 563, 1980.—After slight prodromal symptoms a fourteen‐year‐old girl had epileptic convulsions followed by a right‐sided hemiplegia. Carotid angiogram showed almost total occlusion of the left arteria cerebri media. Six weeks later she developed elevated blood pressure followed by convulsions and lowered consciousness. Abdominal aortic angiogram showed total occlusion of the left renal artery at its origin. After nephrectomy, the blood pressure returned to normal. Histological examination of the main branches of the renal artery revealed fibromuscular dysplastic changes. Renovascular hyper‐tension and childhood idiopathic cerebral arterial disease might represent different aspects of the same process.
BORDERLINE GALACTOSEMIA
Authors: PETTERSSON R. , DAHLQVIST A. , HATTEVIG G. , KJELLMAN B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pettersson, R., Dahlqvist, A., Hattevig, G. and Kjellman, B. (Department of Paediatrics Central Hospital, Skövde and Department of Nutrition, University of Lund, Sweden). Borderline galactosemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:735, 1980.—A family with combined heterozygosity for “classical” galactosemia (deficiency of uridyl‐transferase) and for galactokinase deficiency is reported. The proband, who had this genetic combination was detected as newborn in the ordinary screening for galactosemia. A lactose tolerance test at the age of three months proved normal and he has no symptoms or signs on ordinary diet. The mother of the proband was not only heterozygot for “classical” galactosemia and galactokinase deficiency but also for the Duarte variant. She had a substantial urine excretion of galactose and high serum galactose after an oral lactose load. She had no clinical symptoms or signs. Patients with combined heterozygosity for galactosemia may develop cataracts and should be followed by clinical examinations.
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE IN EARLY INFANCY: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND OENTGENOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Authors: JOHNSON D. , L'HEUREUX P. , THOMPSON T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Johnson D., L'Heureux, P. and Thompson, T. (Departments of Pediatrics and Radiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Peptic ulcer disease in early infancy: Clinical presentation and roentgenographic features. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:753, 1980.—Sixteen infants under 11 weeks of age developed documented peptic ulcer disease involving the stomach, duodenum or pylorus during an eight‐year period in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. The precipitous onset of gastrointestinal bleeding and/or perforation commonly associated with ulcer disease in early infancy was present in only seven (44%) of the 16 patients. The remaining nine infants (56%) presented with recurrent emesis, a presentation of peptic ulcer disease rarely described in the first weeks of life. Contrast radiography was used to demonstrate a definite ulcer crate in 13 of these patients. Two had their ulcers diagnosed at surgery and one by endoscopy. Radiographic demonstration of pylorospasm and/or gastric retention was often associated with ulcer craters located in the pyloric channel or gastric antrum. Only two patients required surgery for massive bleeding and perforation. The remainder were successfully managed medically using orogastric suction, antacids and gradual resumption of milk feedings. There were no deaths within our population attributable to peptic ulcer disease.
PULMONARY MECHANICS, CHEST X‐RAY AND LUNG DISEASE AFTER MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: LINDROTH M. , JONSON B. , SVENNINGSEN N. W. , MORTENSSON W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lindroth, M., Jonson, B., Svenningsen, N. W. and Mortensson, W. (Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Pulmonary mechanics, chest X‐ray and lung disease after mechanical ventilation in low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:761, 1980.—Pulmonary mechanics, chest X‐ray and the incidence of clinical lung disease were studied in 41 low birth weight infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period. Shortly after IPPV most patients, irrespective of X‐ray findings, had signs of lung damage reflected in low dynamic compliance or high pulmonary resistance. Both parameters, however, had a strong tendency towards normalization during the first year of life. Overdistention on chest X‐ray was common at 6–12 months of age. Pneumonia and bronchitis were common during the first two years of life but subsided later on. Development of BPD or later respiratory disease were not correlated to treatment with high inspired oxygen concentrations but commonest in patients with hyaline membrane disease. The combined findings of pulmonary mechanics and chest X‐ray shortly after IPPV were correlated to later clinical lung disease.
NOISE POLLUTION IN NEONATAL UNITS: A POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARD
Authors: ANAGNOSTAKIS D. , PETMEZAKIS J. , MESSARITAKIS J. , MATSANIOTIS N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Anagnostakis, D., Petmezakis, J., Messaritakis, J. and Matsaniotis, N. (First Department of Pediatrics of Athens University, Athens, Greece). Noise pollution in neonatal units: a potential health hazard. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:771, 1980.—Hospital noise levels were measured for four consecutive days every two hours throughout the day in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), a normal nursery room and inside infant incubators when the latter were associated with different types of life‐support equipment. There was a difference in the noise level between normal nursery and NICU, whereas a considerable increase of noise was recorded when the infant received supplemental oxygen, was under ventilator or when an air compressor was in operation. High noise levels were equally the same both in a.m. and p.m. hours in the NICU. As many high risk infants spend a long time in a NICU, there is an urgent need for further evaluation of noise levels and their effect on the outcome of infants.
SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERIMMUNOGLOBULINAEMIA E, EOSINOPHILIA AND IMPAIRED NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS
Authors: BECK B. , FRIIS B. , HEILMANN C. , PEDERSEN F. KARUP , VALERIUS N. H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Beck, B., Friis, B., Heilmann, C., Pedersen, F. K. and Valerius, N. H. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fuglebakken, University Clinic of Infectious Diseases and University Clinic of Paediatrics, Department G, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark). Severe combined immunodeficiency associated with hyper‐immunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Acta Paediatr Scand 69:797, 1980.—A boy with severe combined immunodeficiency was found to have coexistent hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Based on the literature, a deficient regulatory function of the T‐cell system is proposed as the basic defect leading to the observed impairment of the cellular and humoral immunity and, probably through hyper‐immunoglobulinaemia E, to defective neutrophil chemotaxis.
SERUM CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH GESTATIONAL AGES OF 28–42 WEEKS
Authors: GINSBURG B.‐E. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ginsburg, B.‐E. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Serum cholesterol concentrations in newborn infants with gestational ages of 28–42 weeks. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 587, 1980.—Serum total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol and VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol were determined in 53 newborn infants with gestational ages of 28–42 weeks. In pre‐term infants (gestational age < 37 weeks) the total cholesterol concentration in cord blood was higher than in term infants. Mean values were 2.4 and 1.7 mmol/l, respectively. The HDL‐cholesterol/ VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio was 1.8 in pre‐term and term infants. In 11 pre‐term and 17 term infants a second determination was made 3–4 days after birth. Total cholesterol had increased more in term than in pre‐term infants and the difference found at birth had already levelled out. Mean value was 3.0 mmol/I in pre‐term and term infants. The HDL‐cholesterol/ VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio had changed to 0.6 in pre‐term and term infants. Six pre‐term infants who received intravenous fluids only were also studied. Their values did not differ from those in pre‐term infants fed orally. Free and esteritied cholesterol were determined in 26 infants of varying gestational ages. About one‐third of the total cholesterol was in the free form in pre‐term and term infants at birth and during the first days of life.
NET ABSORPTION OF STARCH IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: SENTERRE J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Senterre, J. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium). Net absorption of starch in low birth weight infants. Ada Paediatr Scand, 69: 653, 1980. —Twelve 3‐day metabolic balance studies were carried out in 12 low birth weight infants fed an infant formula providing 3.5 g of corn starch per kilogram body weight per day. The mean coefficients of net absorption were 88±6% for starch, 70±14% for fat and 90±4% for nitrogen. No relationship was found between starch absorption and nitrogen or fat absorption. There was no relationship between starch absorption and the duration of starch feeding. It is concluded that the ability of young infants to digest large quantities of starch is most likely limited resulting from low pancreatic alpha‐amylase activity. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, small amounts of starch in infant formulas can be considered not only as a thickener but also as a source of calories.
RELAPSE RATE AFTER CESSATION OF THERAPY IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA
Authors: JOHANSEN O. J. , MOE P. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Johansen, O. J. & Moe, P. J. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Trondheim, Norway). Relapse rate after cessation of therapy in childhood leukemia. A follow‐up report on 277 cases from the five Nordic countries. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 663, 1980. —Two hundred and seventy‐seven children from the Nordic countries who had their antileukemic therapy stopped before January 1979 were surveyed. The children were in remission when therapy was discontinued. So far 64 (23.1%) have relapsed. Central nervous system (CNS) and testicular leukemia have been a problem, but CNS‐prophylaxis has been in common use in the Nordic countries only since 1972–1973. Most of the patients relapsed during the first year after stopping therapy, whereas no patient relapsed later than 4 years after cessation of therapy.