bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWOT Analysis At Inspektorat Of Kota Payakumbuh Through Grounded Theory Research Methods
Authors: Elfira Renti , Oki Helzulmita , Kettipusem Sri Polya , Heikal Jerry
Published: September 2023

To carry out its role and function as a Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), the Payakumbuh City Inspectorate requires a management strategy that will become a reference in achieving performance. The strategy is determined through a SWOT analysis. Where in the SWOT analysis process is carried out through research using qualitative research methods with a grounded theory approach as a model in research. Researchers collected data using semi-structured interviews, field observations, document analysis and literature studies. The analysis performed included open-coding of the data to identify categories and themes; axial-coding to link categories and themes; and selective-coding to identify core themes. Based on the research, there are 4 (four) themes, namely the theme of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Where Weakness (weakness) is an internal factor that has the greatest influence on the performance of the Payakumbuh City Inspectorate with a score of 16 points. Followed by the theme of threats (threats) 12 points, then strengths (strength) 8 points, and finally opportunity (strength) 5 points. The strategic policy that can be carried out by the Payakumbuh City Inspectorate when viewed from the results of the SWOT analysis is to overcome the weaknesses that are owned because the score is the highest, and is an internal factor that can still be interpreted by the Inspectorate. Things that can be done include budgeting for the provision of adequate facilities and infrastructure and assigning APIP to attend training and technical training for 120 hours per year.
Survey Study of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pan drug-Resistant Bacteria: Different Clinical Isolates from Hospitals in Najaf City, Iraq
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq, Behlul Rawaa , Ali Emad Saqiq ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq, Alasady Raad Abdulameer ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq, Obaid Rasha Fadhel ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq, Jafar Zainab Muhammed ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq, Naser Hussein Aziz ,   Alzahraa University for Woman, Karbala, Iraq, Gaiad Shamaa Jabber ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq, Aridhee Ali Saleem Abdulridha ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Iraq, Zaini Aula ,   Najaf Health directorate, Al Hakeem Hospital, Najaf, Iraq, Qassam Heider ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Najaf, Iraq, Hadi Najah ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Najaf, Iraq
Published: September 2023

Morbidity and mortality rates due to antimicrobial resistance have been increasing worldwide as a result of the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Hence, understanding and increasing the data about antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings help reduce the risk of resistance and treat patients with more selective antimicrobial agents. Aim: This study aims to examine the clinical isolates that are resistant to nearly all categories of antimicrobials and investigate the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria in health centers and hospitals in Najaf city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kufa from September 2022 to December 2022. Samples from urine, semen, ear swab, human vaginal swab, wound, sputum, and throat were isolated, and bacterial species were identified according to standard methods. Results: A total of 165 isolates were from 42 (25.4% male) and 123 (74.5% female). Predominant organisms isolated from specimens included Escherichia coli (28%), Streptococcus saprophyticus (26%), and Staphylococcus aureus (20%). Out of 165 specimens, 126 (76.36%), 6 (3.6%), and 2 (1.2%) were classified as MDR, XDR, and PDR, respectively. The majority of MDR isolates were 54 (40.29%) from urine and 31 (23.13%) from vaginal swab. Conclusion: Most of the samples were categorized as MDR bacteria. Additionally, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus were observed at elevated occurrence rates.
DMF Ameliorate Myocardial Damage in Rat Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis Induced by CLP
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq, Hussein Ali H. , Abbood Amani Salam ,   Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq, Naser Hussein Aziz ,   Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq, Hassan Saif M. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
Published: September 2023

Sepsis leads to life-threatening multiorgan failure, representing a serious healthcare problem with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rodents is one of the most widely used models for experimental polymicrobial sepsis. In this study, we investigate the role of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA-approved anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, in mitigating the devastating consequences of sepsis on heart tissues. Four groups of rats were used in this work: the sham group (no sepsis), the control group (CLP only), the solvent group (DMSO i.p. injected before CLP), and the treatment group (DMF i.p. injected before CLP). Our data revealed that DMF lowered the pro-inflammatory markers NF-κB, TNF-α, and TLRs, compared to the solvent-only group or the control group. Histopathological examination of the heart tissues revealed favorable tissue integrity in the DMF-pretreated group compared to the solvent-only group or the control group. The results suggest that DMF could potentially lower the risk of heart tissue damage due to sepsis.
Beslutningsunderstøttende algoritmer i det offentlige: påvirkningen af sagsbehandlerens skøn og begrundelse
Authors: Næsborg-Andersen Ayo , Hammerslev Ole , Ullits Jøren
Published: September 2023

Sagsbehandlerne i forvaltningen skal træffe afgørelser på et oplyst og objektivt grundlag og være i stand til at begrunde afgørelserne. De assisteres dog i stigende grad af beslutningsunderstøttende algoritmer, der er skabt til at generere output fremfor at tilvejebringe en forklaring. Denne udvikling kan effektivisere og forbedre arbejdsgange, men kan også udfordre forvaltningsretlige krav til skøn og begrundelse, der hviler på grundlæggende retssikkerhedsmæssige principper om blandt andet en tilstrækkelig sagsoplysning og forudberegnelighed. Ved at bruge ASTA-rapportens data om sagsbehandleres oplevelser af og praksis med brugen af algoritmer i risikovurderingen af nyledige illustreres, hvordan automation bias og black box-paradokset kan påvirke sagsbehandlerens skøn og begrundelse. Så på trods af en måske mere effektiv håndtering af større datamængder via algoritmer kan det udfordre nogle af retsstatens grundlæggende principper.
Etiske perspektiver på offentlig topledelse af digitalisering
Authors: Kristensen Kenneth
Published: September 2023

Digitaliseringen af den offentlige sektor er kommet for at blive, og den indebærer væsentlige etiske dilemmaer, som topledelsen aktivt må gå ind i. Denne videnskabelige kronik tilbyder et overblik over etiske temaer i digitaliseringen og en række konkrete eksempler. Topledelsen har ansvaret, magten og mulighederne, og det er derfor tydeligt, at der ikke er en neutral position for topledelsen i forhold til anvendelse af digitale teknologier. Kronikken argumenterer for, at det ikke er tilstrækkeligt, at topledelsen respekterer politiske prioriteringer og afsøger offentlige værdier blandt interessenterne. Topledelsen må med afsæt i den kommunikative etik også søge indsigt i digitaliseringen og formulere sit eget etiske ståsted i de digitale dilemmaer.
Styring af myndigheders teknologianvendelse: Hvad kan og bør gøres?
Authors: Røhl Ulrik
Published: September 2023

Både i Danmark og internationalt hersker der usikkerhed om den rette vej frem i forhold til konsekvenserne af digital teknologi i den offentlige sektor. Fordele og ulemper ved automatiseret sagsbehandling kan anskues som et koncentrat af myndigheders teknologianvendelse generelt. Kronikken argumenterer for nødvendigheden af stærkere styring af anvendelsen af automatiseret sagsbehandling for blandt andet at forebygge en øget asymmetri mellem statsapparatet og borger. Med sigte på at anspore til videre debat foreslås en stærkere styring gennemført via i) styrkelse af relevant faglig ekspertise blandt særlig myndigheders top- og mellemledere; ii) udpegning af sagkyndigt udvalg med fokus på behov for supplerende lovgivning og vejledninger; og iii) opprioritering og opkvalificering af tilsynsmyndigheder med særlig fokus på systemmæssige og organisatoriske aspekter af automatiseret sagsbehandling.
Mellem politik og administration: det kommunale topembedsværk
Authors: Steffensen Filip Strunge
Published: September 2023

Studier viser, at kommunale topembedsmænd prioriterer den politiske betjening højt. Dette fund er i den eksisterende litteratur blevet brugt til at sige noget om den rolle, som de kommunale topembedsmænd på tværs af lande indtager over for politikerne. Hidtil er dette hovedsagelig blevet undersøgt gennem spørgeskemaer, der fokuserer på kontaktmønstre og omfanget af den politiske betjening. I denne artikel argumenterer jeg i stedet for at studere rolleopfattelsen gennem interviews, hvilket giver adgang til erfaringsnære beskrivelser af topembedsmændenes rolleopfattelse. Gennem 12 interviews viser jeg, at de kommunale topembedsmænd opfatter deres rolle som oversættere, bindeled og mediatorer, hvilket indebærer en vekslende bevægelse mellem det politiske og administrative niveau. Embedsmændene finder det vigtigt at betjene det politiske niveau samtidig med, at de opfatter deres rolle som partipolitisk neutral. Det skaber et krydspres, som topembedsmændene forsøger at balancere ved at benytte tre strategier, der skal skærme dem mod uhensigtsmæssig politisk indblanding: De rådfører, oplærer og adgangsbegrænser.
Governing technology use by public authorities: What can and should be done?
Authors: Røhl Ulrik
Published: September 2023

Both in Denmark and abroad, discussions of the consequences of public authorities’ use of technology abound. Advantages and disadvantages of use of automated, administrative decision-making can be perceived as an embodiment of authorities’ use of technology in general. The article calls for increased management of use of automated, administrative decision-making to, among other consequences, prevent an increased imbalance between state apparatus and individual citizens. Hoping to stimulate further debate, three policy suggestions are put forward: i) strengthen relevant professional expertise particularly among high and mid-level public servants; ii) appoint an expert committee focusing on the need for supplementary legislation and guidance; and iii) increased focus and knowledge among regulatory authorities with a particular focus on technical and organizational aspects of automated, administrative decision-making.
Alfabetización mediática audiovisual en personas con discapacidad visual: El lenguaje y la narrativa audiovisual como herramientas para mejorar la experiencia cinematográfica
Authors: Caballero Marta González , Mora de la Torre Victoria
Published: September 2023

La comprensión de las obras audiovisuales y la calidad de la experiencia de su visionado, son dos de dos de los principales desafíos a los que se enfrentan las personas con discapacidad visual. El presente artículo aborda la importancia de los planes de alfabetización mediática para este colectivo y propone el diseño de un programa formativo que facilite el conocimiento de los códigos del lenguaje y la narrativa audiovisual como herramienta para lograr una mejora en su capacidad crítica, facilitando un aprendizaje más acorde a las transformaciones tecnológicas de la sociedad actual.

Mediante una revisión de la literatura científica y un modelo metodológico mixto transversal que ha combinado el uso de encuestas, con entrevistas a expertos de la Fundación ONCE y del grupo Cinesa, se han identificado sus necesidades, intereses y demandadas formativas en relación con los medios audiovisuales, contribuyendo a optimizar el diseño del programa.

El análisis de los datos obtenidos nos permite confirmar que este tipo de propuestas contribuyen a una mejora significativa en la vida de las personas en riesgo de exclusión social, facilitan su interacción con el mundo y colaboran en la eliminación de barreras que interfieren en la mejora de sus habilidades digitales y mediáticas.
Radiological Safety Assessment of Agricultural Soil within the Bitumen Belt of Ondo State Nigeria, Using RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA Codes
Authors: Yani Luka S. , Avwiri Gregory O. , Ononugbo Chinyere P.
Published: September 2023

Exploration and exploitation of bitumen can create radiation exposure pathways that must be considered in risk management scenarios. RESRAD-ONSITE and RESRAD-BIOTA developed by the US Department of Energy (US DOE) to assess contaminated sites, were used in the present study to predict the radiation dose and excess cancer risk associated with residual radioactive materials within Ondo State Bitumen Belt for the duration of 100 years, using site-specific parameters. The activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U in soil samples were determined by gamma-spectrometry and their average values were 35.85, 3.27 and 5.01 BqKg-1 respectively. While the estimated internal doses in biota due to 40K, 232Th and 238U were 7.54E-06, 3.03E-07 and 4.55E-08 Gy d−1 respectively for terrestrial animals, 6.69E-06, 3.68E-08 and 2.29E-08 Gy d−1 respectively for terrestrial plants, 6.49E-06, 5.88E-09 and 2.22E-08 08 Gy d−1 respectively for the Nigerian Dwarf Goat (NDG). The maximum total dose of 0.0229 mSvyr−1 was obtained at Agbabu at t = 30 years for an on-site resident farmer using the RESRAD-ONSITE Code, while the minimum total dose of 0.0014 was obtained at Araromi at t = 100 years. These values were by far lower than the National Research Council's acceptable limit of 0.25 mSvy-1.  Likewise, the maximum Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) of 0.050 × 10−3 was obtained at Agbabu, while the lowest ECR value of 0.015 x 10-3 was shared by three communities: Omotosho (OMO), Akotogbo (AKG), and Ibekegbo (IKB). The observed low cancer risks in all the selected communities are of less human health concern since they are lower than the world safe value of 0.29 x 10-3. This implies that utilization of the studied soil for farming may not cause any immediate health hazard to the inhabitant but prolonged exposure might pose radiologically induced health challenges.
Effects of Different Packaging Methods on the Shelf Life of Cashew Nuts and Kernels
Authors: A. R. Olagbaju , S. S . Afolayan , J. A. Aina , T. A. Okusami Ihum , R. A. Ashonibare , A. Kurah , M. O. Rahman , J. P. Alimi
Published: September 2023

Cashew, Anacadium occidentale is a nut crop considered essential simply because it provides food and employment to millions of people in developing nations. It is cultivated mainly for its nut; a very important export commodity. Dried cashew nuts and kernels that are improperly packaged and stored are prone to spoilage and rejections both in local and export markets. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different packaging methods on the quality of cashew nuts and kernel. Two hundred (200) kg of cashew nuts were procured each, from four states, Oyo and Osun (Southwest); Kwara and Kogi (North Central) Nigeria. The nuts were dried using parabolic solar dryer fixed with data logger for three days. One kg sample in three replicates was taken from each State’s lot and analyzed for initial quality parameters using Nut count (NC) and Kernel Output Ratio methods (KOR). Two hundred kilograms kg of dried raw cashew nut (RCN) (10% MC) taken from 50 kg each from across the States were thoroughly mixed and divided into two lots of 100 kg each. The first lot of 100 kg was processed into kernels (PCK) while the remaining 100 kg was used for RCN storage studies. Physical, chemical microbiological and entomological analyses were evaluated on RCN and PCK at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. RCN was stored using three different types of packaging; Jute bag, paper-lined jute bag and paper-lined carton, while cashew kernels (PCK) were stored using five different types of packaging methods; Polythene, Polythene lined polypropylene, paper lined polyethylene, polythene lined carton and paper lined carton. Paper lined jute bag was the best packaging method for nut storage while, polythene lined polypropylene was the best for kernel storage. Cashew kernels are easily stored in smaller spaces than the nut (ratio 1:5).
Assesing the Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Cibeureum Lake, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prayoga Doni , Hasan Zahidah , Dewanti Lantun Paradhita , Herawati Heti
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the water quality of Cibeureum Lake, Tasikmalaya City by analyzing the macrozoobenthos community structure. The study was conducted from September to November 2021 using a survey method with purposive sampling. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the observation data. The studi revealed the presence three classes and eight species, the species being Filopaludina javanaica, Pila ampullacea, Pomacea canaliculata, Melanoides turbeculata, Lymnaea rubiginosa, Indoplanorbis exustus, Chironomus sp., and Tubifex tubifex, with 3 species with the most composition being Pomacea canaliculata (28% ), Filopaludina javanaica (25%), and Melanoides turbeculata (13%).The results demonstrated that the water quality in Cieureum Lake, as determined by macrozoobenthos bioindicator, fell into the moderately polluted category. This is diversity indicated values ranged from 1.3 to 1.8, classifying the macrozoobenthos community as moderately diverse. The uniformity index value ranged from 0.57 to 0.66, indicating an unstable population conditions, suggesting moderate uniformity of macrozoobenthos in the lake. According to FBI (Functional Biological Index) score, Cibeureum Lake exhibit a range of water quality criteria from very good to fair. Station 2 and station 4 obtained excellent waters quality rating with an FBI rating 3.97 and 4.16 respectively. Station 1 obtained a good water quality rating with an FBI score 4.72, while station 3 received a sufficient water quality rating with an FBI rating 5.50. Consequently, from the results of this study the pollution status of Cibeureum Lake was ranged from slightly polluted to quite polluted.
Performance of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Additional of Dolomite to the Feed
Authors: Yuliadi  , Sani Asrianti
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to analyze the use dolomite in diet of whiteleg shrimp. It was conducted in June to August 2018 at the hatchery of Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agricultural. Experimental design used a completely randomized analysis with 4 treatments, A (control), B, C, and D with the additional of dolomite at dose 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg, respectively with 3 replications. Animal test were PL 25 from the shrimp hatchery in Barru District and acclimatized before stocking in aquarium (30l), with density of 20 ind., reared for 40 days, fed pellets (30% protein, 10% biomass, 5 times). The molting intensity (MI) determined by observing and counting the number of moulting every day. Observation of growth rate (GR) using a digital scale (0.0001 g) and survival rate (SR) by calculated the number of live shrimps at the end of the study. Water quality parameter included temperature, salinity, DO and pH. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effect of treatment on MI, GR, and SR and followed with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test.  ANOVA for MI, GR, and SR revealed that dosage have different significant (P<0.05) and LSD test showed that the dose was not optimal (only differentiated between those given dolomite). The highest of MI (avg. 18 inds.), GR (1.82% /day), and SR (78.33%) were obtained in C and the lowest one obtained in A.  Data of water quality obtained temperatures 29.87-31.03°C, salinity 25-30 ppt, DO 4.86-5.51 mg/l which were still in the proper range. The highest pH value was obtained in D was 7.22-7.75, while the lowest one obtained in A 6.95-7.16. The highest MI, GR, and SR were obtained in C, temperature, salinity, DO, and pH are still in the proper for the growth and survival of shrimps.
Effects of Different Ethanol Concentrations on the Morphometric Characteristics of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Adedeji H. A. , Tadawus P. M. , Idowu T. A. , Asiru R. A.
Published: September 2023

The effects of ethanol (90% and 95% concentration) preservation on the morphometric characteristics of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. The morphometric characters observed were total length, standard length, head length, body depth, eye diameter, and total weight for the period of sixty-three (63) days. Samples were first euthanized before taking the morphometric characteristics after which the samples were individually preserved in separate bottles filled with respective concentrations (90% and 95%) for nine weeks (63 days). Morphometric characteristics of the samples were later measured at the end of the 63 days to determine any possible changes. The results indicated that varying degree of shrinkage was common in all the observed morphometric characters in both species even though they both reacted differently to different concentration of alcohol. The results also revealed that the percentage shrinkage in all measured morphometric characters was higher in C. gariepinus than in O. niloticus and higher in 95% concentration than in 90% concentration.
The Role of National Parks in Conservation and Promotion of Wildlife: A Case Study of Kuno National Park, Sheopur (M.P.), India
Authors: Soni Vikas Kumar , Tomar Shivraj Singh , Tomar Rajkumar Singh
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to learn about and assess wildlife conservation, with a focus on Kuno National Park. The research also attempts to propose ideas and future perspectives for the enhancement and welfare of wildlife, notably in Kuno, by examination of primary and secondary data sources. Kuno National Park is extended in the Vindhyan hill series, and it is situated in the Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh within the geographical extent of 76°58'37.45" E to 77°20'7.98" E and 25°30'50.03" N to 26°05'23.19" N [1]. Kuno NP covers an area of 748.761 km² made free of all human habitation through incentivized voluntary relocation of forest settlements. The Kuno NP and adjoining buffer area are part of the Kuno Wildlife Division which covers an area of 1235 km2. In this article, an attempt has been made to explore the concept of environmental protection and wildlife conservation particularly wild animals in Kuno NP. The exploitation of natural resources by humans has degraded the environment, endangered certain animal species, and damaged the ecosystem to a certain extent. Overall, the poll depicts a picture of a society that is heavily reliant on agricultural and animal husbandry for a living. Education levels are largely in the elementary to secondary school range, with some reading gaps that require addressed. The villagers' economic situation is defined by a considerable fraction falling within the middle-income bracket.
Characterizing Measures of Aboveground Biomass Parameters of Irvingia gaboneensis (Bush Mango) and Rainforest in Isoko Region, Nigeria
Authors: Eloho Osokpor, , Emmanuel Ndakara, Ofudjaye
Published: September 2023

This research characterised measures of aboveground biomass of isolated Irvingia gaboneensis stands within Isoko South Local Government Area’s rainforest, Nigeria. The design of the study was based on quasi experimental approach. The region was divided into 10 based on the existing major communities using stratified sampling technique. From each community, an isolated I. gaboneensis stand was chosen while the adjacent mature rainforest served as control thus, gave a total of 20 sampling sites. Data collected were tree heights (TH) and diameters at breast height (DBH) which were easily obtained through quadrant (10metre x 10metre) approach. Measurement and methods of trigonometry were employed in the determination of TH, while measurement using tape was employed to measure the tree DBH. The data were analysed with the use of graphs, mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), t-test and regression statistics. Findings showed that: The mean, SD and CV for the TH were 28.57m, 2.08m, 7.28% for the stands of I. gaboneensis; and 34.50m, 1.17m, 3.39% for adjacent rainforest trees (ART). The mean, SD and CV values for tree DBH were 0.43m, 0.02m, 4.65% for the stands of I.  gaboneensis; and 0.73m, 0.01m, 1.37% for the ART. With t-value and p-value of 6.9810 and 0.0000 for TH; 11.9940 and 0.0000 for DBH, the differences in the aboveground biomass parameters between I. gaboneensis and ART are significant at 95% alpha level. Height of I. gaboneensis correlated weakly with DBH; while the relationship between TH and DBH is not significant at 95% alpha level, for I. gaboneensis and RF. The aboveground parameters of the standing I. gaboneensis shows that it supports effective productivity and functioning of the RF ecosystem thus, its conservation is necessary.
A Two Model Approach of Assessing Asset Value Functions for Capital Investments
Authors: I Davies, , I. U. Amadi, , O. P Loko,
Published: September 2023

The benefit of monetary assets cannot be over emphasized because it stands as an engine room to every investment which accumulates wealth such as daily, weekly, monthly and yearly etc.  In this study, a closed form solution of Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) was successfully exploited for the analysis of asset values and other stock market quantities. The solutions of stock variables were critically observed by simulations which describe the behavior of asset values with respect to their maturity periods. Finally, the skewness and kurtosis of the asset values were obtained to give investors proper directions in terms of decision making.
Individual-Based Modelling for Predicting Dry Matter Accumulation in Juveniles of Indian Olive Raised under Different Soil Treatments
Authors: Tripathi Mayank
Published: September 2023

Dry matter accumulation data for juvenile Indian Olive saplings was modelled using linear and non- linear regression models. The data was gathered bimonthly and for two years i.e., twelve readings. Linear, Quadratic, Power, Sigmoid, and Exponential models performed quite well for cumulative growth data (Adj. R2 > 0.93). The Sigmoid model (Chapman- Richard) demonstrated upper asymptotic values ranged between 179.96- 334.49 grams for all treatments (T0 – T4) suggesting that olive saplings responded positively to different soil treatments. Both, age and size dependent relative growth rates (RGRs) manifested low values and decrease in RGR curve. Age- dependent RGR displayed a smooth decline in function, indicating extended longevity. Low RGR (along with low Specific Leaf Area), is a characteristic feature of slow growing and evergreen species and this trait was observed in Indian Olive growth too. Size- standardized RGR revealed that due to the low rate of decline, T4 had the superior RGR (and maximum dry matter accumulation) followed by other treatments. Moreover, T0 had the sharpest decrease and the lowest dry matter accumulation. Cross- validation of model parameters exhibited statistical stability.
Efficacy of Azadirachta indica in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis
Authors: E. G. Adams , E. J. Ekott , L. P. Usip , K. N. Opara
Published: September 2023

The study was carried out to assess the anthelminthic efficacy of Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem (Dogoyaro). The phytochemical components of the leaf extract was accessed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and the efficacy was carried out in vitro and in vivo using Toxocara canis (as worm model) of dogs. Twenty peaks of compounds were revealed in the GS-MS chromatogram, with Hexadecanoic acid which is saddled with anthelminthic effect as one of its major constituents. In the in vitro study, the lethal concentration was 92.48ml/mg at 6hrs. Percentage egg reduction of 76.2% and 83.9% from the Faecal Egg Count (FEC) at LC25 and LC50 respectively was recorded for the in vivo study. The overall blood count of all the puppies used for the experiment were 4.46 X 106µL for RBC, 31.32% for PCV and 11.23 X 103for WBC. Puppies treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed minimal alteration of the three heamatological parameters (WBC, PCV and RBC) analyzed compared to the uninfected control group and group treated with Mbendazole. This indicates that Azadirachta indica leaf extract is effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis and also further investigations are recommended as it may be useful in the treatment of other diseases.
Polarising Agents and Spin Tags for Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP)-Enhanced Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) Analysis of Biological Samples
Authors: Nawaz Nighat , Patching Simon G.
Published: September 2023

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy can obtain structural, functional and ligand-binding information about frozen and solid-like biological samples. ssNMR spectra can be enhanced by orders of magnitude using the technique of dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP). In DNP there is polarisation transfer from high-gyromagnetic ratio (γ) unpaired electrons to neighbouring nuclei using microwave irradiation at or near the electron Larmor frequency. This produces an absolute increase in the signal-to-noise ratio and allows experiments on much smaller quantities of sample and/or using much shorter acquisition times. Along with necessary instrumentation an essential requirement for DNP-ssNMR is a sample with an endogenous free radical or an exogenous free radical polarising agent must be added to the sample. The polarising agent must be soluble in the sample matrix and compatible with the biological sample. The free radical(s) of the polarising agent also must be stable for the lifetime of DNP-ssNMR experiments. Nitroxides have been most used as polarising agents, including the biradical compounds TOTAPOL and AMUPol with a wide range of biological samples to produce DNP enhancement factors (e) of up to 250. Derivatives of TOTAPOL and AMUPol and many other different polarising agents have also been used. Whilst conventional polarising agents are mixed throughout the sample, others are targeted at specific sites to provide a more localised signal enhancement. Here we review the different polarising agents and spin tags that have been used in DNP-ssNMR studies on biological samples.
Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf-Extract on the Lipid Profile of Carbon Tetrachloride-Injected Male Rats
Authors: Dike Charles Chijioke , Nwoko Sebastine Okechukwu , Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka , Ejiogu Ikedichukwu Chibueze , Kasarachi Ogbuokiri Doris
Published: September 2023

Aim: This study aimed to investigate how Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract affected the lipid profile of rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Study Design: Rats used were grouped into 32. Groups A1-A4: Negative control (those given feed and water only), B1-B4: Positive control (those that stayed for 28 d + CCl4only), C1-H4: Treatment groups (those given Sida corymbosa extract at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kgBW before and after injecting CCl4).

Place and Duration of Study: This study took place at the Department of Human Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, between December 2022 and January, 2023.

Methodology: A total of 160 Albino-Wistar male rats which were about 12 weeks old (170-180 g) were used in the study.

Lipid profile assays (serum total cholesterol-TCHOL, triglycerides-TRIGS, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined in this study.

Carbon Tetrachloride Injection: The rats were injected CCl4 intraperitoneally at 0.4 mg/kgBW using orall canular. Olive oil was used as vector in the ratio of 50: 50 (v/v).

Results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPPS statistical software, version 25.

Results: For rats administered CCl4 before administration of Sida corymbosa ethanolic-leaf extract at 500, 250, and 100 mg/kgBW from 7 to 28 d (treatment groups-C1-E4), serum TCHOL decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in treatment groups (131.69+/-16.08-94.48+/-  18.41, 150.26+/-0.06-109.67+/- 0.67,272.97+/- 66.26-151.09+/-17.56) when compared with the untreated groups-B1-B4 (279.22+/-55.25-398.90+/- 0.58) and negative control Groups-A1-A4 (87.92+/-3.40-88.58+/-16.14. High density lipoprotein increased significantly (P< 0.05) in treatment groups (58.96+/-2.18-65.99+/-1.04,46.73+/-1.41-61.23+/- 16.29, 64.73+/-3.05-76.41+/-1.18). Triglyceride, and LDL also decreased significantly (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups when compared with the positive control (B1-B4) (313.47+/-5.69-388.46+/- 0.5053, 127.36+/- 53.97-215.38+/-0.66) and negative control groups (67.04+/-15.48-66.75+/-16.75, 50.01+/-14.66-50.00+/-15.02).

Conclusion: Sida corymbosa ethanolic-leaf extract, therefore, have protective and curative effects against rats induced hyperlipidemia with CCl4 in a dose-dependent manner.
Effect of Different Rootstocks and Scions Compatibility Study on Rosa sp
Authors: Nivedha D. , Rani M. S. Aneesa , Vethamoni P. Irene , Lourdusamy D. Keisar , Vanitha K.
Published: September 2023

An investigation entitled, “Effect of different rootstocks and scion compatibility study on Rosa sp.’’ was conducted to study the graft compatability and growth performance of grafted rose plants and the experiment was conducted in Vegetable Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Palur, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during the year 2022. It was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD) with fifteen treatments (T1- Andhra red rose + Dog rose, T2-Andhra red rose + Button rose, T3-Andhra red rose + Ebb tide rose, T4- Andhra red rose +Fairy rose, T5- Andhra red rose + Edward rose, T6- Edward rose+ Dog rose, T7-Edward rose + Button rose, T8-Edward rose+ Ebb tide rose, T9-Edward rose + Fairy rose,  T10-Edward rose+ Edward rose, T11-Damask rose + Dog rose,  T12-Damask rose + Button rose, T13-Damask rose + Ebb tide rose, T14-Damask rose+ Fairy rose, T15-Damask rose+ Edward rose)   and two replications. The results indicated a significant difference between the different treatment combination for graft union, success percentage, survival percentage, plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), days taken for leaf initiation. The experiment data revealed that the   maximum graft success (90) and graft survival percentage (80), length of leaves (3.9 cm) and plant height (67.6) was recorded in the treatments T7 (Edward rose + Button rose). It can be concluded that the combination of rootstock as Edward rose and scion as Button rose is said to be most compatible and can be recommended for commercial cultivation.
Influence of Nano Zinc Foliar Application on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) in Telangana, India
Authors: Jinnur Shreedevi , Satish P. , Hussain S. A. , Reddy P. C.
Published: September 2023

The Field experiment was conducted at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi season of 2022 on zinc deficient soils to evaluate the effect of nano zinc on growth, yield and quality of sweet corn. The study included 9 treatments with 3 forms of Zn fertilizer viz., ZnSO4, Zn EDTA and Nano Zn. Results of the study indicated that foliar application of Zn EDTA at 5 g L-1 produced significantly highest yield parameters, cob yield (15.5 t ha-1), fodder yield (20.4 t ha-1), while the highest B:C ratio of 2.11 was associated with basal application of ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1. Foliar application of Nano Zinc performed significantly superior over control; however, it was not comparable with the most superior treatment (T9). Hence 100% basal application of Zinc could be recommended in Zn deficient soils of Telangana for higher returns.
Effect of Irrigation and Sowing Techniques on Weed Dynamics in Alfalfa under South Saurashtra Agro-Climatic Zone of Gujarat, India
Authors: Gharsiram  , Jaryal Rishi Dev , Suchitra  , Kumar Pradeep , Solanki Bhavik Pravinbhai
Published: September 2023

A field trial was conducted during winter cycle of November to April 2022-23 at Farming system research station, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh to study the effect of irrigation and sowing method on alfalfa. The treatments given were: I1: 0.6 IW/CPE, I2: 0.8 IW/CPE, I3: IW/CPE ratios and two sowing methods, M1: Line sowing and M2: Broadcast. The combination of treatments were tested in split plot design with three replications. The experimental field was heavily infested with mixed flora of sedge, grasses and broad-leaved weeds, viz.  cypers rotundus L., Echinocoloa coloa L., Chinopodium album L., Chinopodium murale L., Digera arvensis L., Commelina benghalensis L., Cleome viscose L., Euphorbia spp. L. Results showed that the irrigation scheduling and sowing method had significant effect on the weed density and dry weight of weed during the study. Significantly higher weed density and dry weight of weed was obtained with broadcasting as compared to line sowing at 25 cm apart.
Nematicidal Property of Phytochemical Alpha - Terthienyl against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: V. Priyadharshini , P. G. Kavitha , N. Swarnakumari , U. Sivakumar , S. Haripriya
Published: September 2023

Aims: Documentation of the nematicidal effect of Alpha-terthienyl on Meloidogyne incognita.

Study Design:  Complete randomized design (CRD).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore between 2021-2023.

Methodology: This study used a purified synthetic compound of Alpha-terthienyl (α-T).it is a plant-derived phytochemical from Marigold (Tagetes sp.). This study examines the effect of alpha-terthienyl on egg hatching and juvenile mortality under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations of alpha-terthienyl were tested for their influence on in vitro studies. A uniform size of single egg mass of M. incognita was incubated. Observations on hatching were recorded. Juveniles of M. incognita were incubated in alpha-terthienyl were examined.

Results: The result showed 100% percent inhibition at 2 ppm concentration. A similar trend was observed in Juvenile (J2) mortality also showed 100% mortality at 2 ppm. A check was maintained in tap water for comparison.

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, Alpha-terthienyl was effective against M. incognita under in vitro conditions. Hence it could be used for the management of M. incognita in vegetable crops which also increase yield.
Impact Assessment of Pigeonpea + Maize Intercropping in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Meena Kamlesh , Srivastava Rajneesh , Rai Ajay Kumar , Singh Shamsher , Tiwari Ajay , Singh Neeraj
Published: September 2023

Aims: The net return of pigeonpea cultivated is lower due to failure to implement recommended intercropping and modern technology in the farming community in eastern Uttar Pradesh. To compensate for this anomaly, ICAR-IIVR-KVK, Deoria performed On-Farm-Trials (OFTs) for the evaluation of pigeonpea + maize intercropping in farmers' fields in various adopted villages in the Deoria District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Place and Duration of Study: The two year assessment and refinement study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, working under the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP, during 2015–16 to 2016-17.

Methodology: In the present study of sole pigeonpea crop and intercropping of pigeonpea + maize was evaluated through on-farm trials (OFTs) among selected farmers’ field during Kharif season 2015-16 to 2016-17 in the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh, India,. Technology options for assessment of sole pigeonpea crop (T1) and pigeonpea + maize (T2) with improved packages and practices developed by IIPR, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, were tested at five selected farmer’s field.

Results: Maximum average gross return (Rs 103460 ha-1), net return (Rs 71730 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.2:1) were recorded under intercropping of pigeonpea + maize, which was 41.50 percent, 43.40 and 5.96 percent more than the sown of sole crop of pigeonpea (T1) for gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio respectively, during the period of the on-farm trial.

Conclusion: The higher value of the equivalent yield, the more feasible technology for the farming community of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.
Valproic Acid Syndrome: A Mini Review
Authors: Nunes Anna Cláudia Ferreira , Ribeiro Anna Luiza de Araújo , Gonçalves-Mendes Maria Tereza , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: September 2023

Aims: To provide a systematic review on the occurrence of valproic acid syndrome, to, among others, elucidate the characteristics of this syndrome.

Study Design: A systematic review was performed.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biomathematics of the Federal UINiversity of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between June 2022 and July 2023.

Methodology: A systematic search of articles was performed using the CAPES Periodic plataform a searcher from the Education Ministry of Brazil that contains Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine and other bases, from 1984 to 2023. For this review, the subject’s “syndrome of valproic acid”, “valproic acid syndrome and toxicity”, “valproic acid syndrome and malformations” were searched together using the type of material “articles” in English language. Some articles about “pregnancy’s cares” were used for epistemological composition of this work content subjects as, for instance, “general toxicity” and “others (development; health care; …)”.

Results: From the 1061 articles after the exclusion and the inclusion criteria made with the subjects most pertinent to the objectives of this work, added with the subjects “pregnancy cares” and “others”; 1005 articles were excluded, remaining 56 ones. Four of total from 56 texts were 4 about “general toxicity”; 19 about “others”; 4 about “Pregnancy cares” and 29 about “valproic acid”.

Conclusion: The analysis of the articles studied in this work indicates that valproic acid is a teratogen that leads to a syndrome that receives its name in fetuses whose mothers use it as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer primarily used for treating conditions like epilepsy and bipolar disorder, causing several physical defects in general and behavioral defects due to the impairment of the neural system. In this sense, it is essential that the team caring for pregnant women know the history of the pregnant woman and check all the medications she is using and replace those with a teratogenic potential, especially if the patient has a diagnosis of mental illness such as depression.
Nano Emulsion: The Targeted Drug Delivery in the Therapy of Epilepsy
Authors: V. N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy , Raju M. Ganga , Edunoori Keerthana , Papani Jyothi
Published: September 2023

Around the world, 50 million people suffer with epilepsy; it significantly burdens society in terms of finances, society, and health. Our comprehension of the pathophysiological processes causing the illness and the factors affecting its prognosis has significantly advanced during the last ten years. Around a third of patients are still resistive to medical intervention, despite the fact that the number of antiepileptic drugs has expanded dramatically over the past 20 years. The ability of nanotech-based anti-epileptic drug (AED) administration methods to cross the blood brain barrier, increase specificity, and have the capacity for extended brain administration of drugs have lately attracted interest. Nanotechnology appears to be a promising and innovative development in this area. Nano emulsions have a mean droplet size of 20 to 200 nm and remain kinetically stable dispersions of two incompatible liquids with the assistance of an emulsifier or emulsifiers. The effectiveness of NEs as a delivery system for Central Nervous System-active medications used in effective regimens against difficult-to-treat CNS conditions.
Development of a Hydrothermal Treatment to Control Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Maintain the Quality of ‘Fuyu’ Persimmons
Authors: Oliveira A. S. , Schmidt F. L. , Raga Adalton
Published: September 2023

Because of fruit fly incidence, importing countries impose phytosanitary barriers to prevent the entry and spread of infested fruits. When fruits are not grown in fruit fly-free areas, some countries require quarantine treatments for fruit disinfestation before or during shipping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a hydrothermal treatment as a quarantine treatment for ‘Fuyu’ persimmons infested with two fruit fly species to maintain fruit quality. Hot water treatment (HWT) was applied to eggs and third-instar larvae of Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus in vitro at 42º, 44º, 46º, 48º, and 50 ºC for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 90 min. Persimmon fruit infested by C. capitata and A. fraterculus eggs and third-instar larvae were subjected to 44 ºC for 60 and 90 min, 46 °C for 20 and 30 min; and 48 °C for 20 min. Untreated infested fruits were used to estimate the rate of fruit fly infestation. Pulp firmness, skin and pulp colors, titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids were measured to evaluate the effect of HWT on fruit quality. The increase in temperature and immersion time decreased the pupation and emergence of adults of C. capitata and A. fraterculus in vitro. C. capitata eggs treated in vitro at temperatures ≥ 46 ºC for 30 min did not produce pupae. A. fraterculus eggs treated in vitro at 46 ºC for 20 min exhibited no larval hatching. No pupae were obtained from third-instar larvae of both fruit fly species treated at 44 ºC for 60 min. Infested ‘Fuyu’ persimmons treated at 44 ºC for 90 min did not exhibit the emergence of adults of C. capitata or A. fraterculus. Except for pH, in general, ‘Fuyu’ persimmons subjected to HWT demonstrated no alterations of skin or pulp texture, skin coloration, titratable total acidity, or total soluble solids. The results suggest that HWT is a potential quarantine treatment for the export of ‘Fuyu’ persimmons.