Addressing low livestock production: Key factors, challenges, and sustainable solutions for improved agricultural output, A review
Authors: Oluwayemisi Titilope Ibraheem  
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Background: Livestock manufacturing plays a critical role in worldwide food security and rural livelihoods, yet many regions face persistent challenges of low productivity. This complete evaluation examines the important thing elements contributing to low livestock production, the challenges faced by way of farmers and policymakers, and sustainable answers for improving agricultural output. The livestock zone, encompassing livestock, poultry, small ruminants, and different animals, is a crucial factor of agriculture, offering crucial proteins, profits, and various environmental services. However, numerous factors, including restricted entry to assets, insufficient animal health offerings, and environmental constraints, avert ideal manufacturing tiers in many components of the sector. Materials and Methods: This overview synthesizes findings from an extensive variety of peer-reviewed articles, research reviews, and coverage documents that specialize in farm animal manufacturing structures, challenges, and interventions. The method entails a systematic analysis of literature, encompassing both advanced and developing United States contexts. Special interest is given to studies addressing included crop-cattle systems, network-based totally animal fitness approaches, and modern strategies for sustainable intensification. Results: The overview identifies several key elements contributing to low farm animal production, inclusive of restrained access to first-rate feed and water, the prevalence of animal illnesses, inadequate breeding applications, and negative market access. Climate trade emerges as a large undertaking, exacerbating existing constraints and introducing new dangers to livestock structures. The analysis reveals that successful interventions regularly contain a mixture of technological improvements, coverage reforms, and network-based totally methods. Integrated crop-cattle systems show promise in improving typical farm productiveness and resilience. Discussion: The findings highlight the complex interplay of factors affecting farm animal manufacturing and the want for context-specific solutions. While technological innovations provide sizeable potential for improvement, their effectiveness relies upon addressing broader socio-monetary and institutional constraints. The evaluation underscores the significance of participatory techniques and the integration of traditional knowledge in growing sustainable livestock production strategies. Conclusion: Addressing low farm animal production requires a multifaceted approach that combines improved animal genetics, higher fitness offerings, sustainable feed solutions, and allowing guidelines. The review concludes that improving farm animals' productiveness is not simplest vital for meal security but also offers opportunities for poverty discounts and environmental sustainability. Future research and development efforts should focus on scalable, incorporated solutions that could adapt to various Agroecological and socio-economic contexts.