bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PPM1D mutations are oncogenic drivers of de novo diffuse midline glioma formation
Authors: Khadka Prasidda , Reitman Zachary J. , Lu Sophie , Buchan Graham , Gionet Gabrielle , Dubois Frank , Carvalho Diana M. , Shih Juliann , Zhang Shu , Greenwald Noah F. , Zack Travis , Shapira Ofer , Pelton Kristine , Hartley Rachel , Bear Heather , Georgis Yohanna , Jarmale Spandana , Melanson Randy , Bonanno Kevin , Schoolcraft Kathleen , Miller Peter G. , Condurat Alexandra L. , Gonzalez Elizabeth M. , Qian Kenin , Morin Eric , Langhnoja Jaldeep , Lupien Leslie E. , Rendo Veronica , Digiacomo Jeromy , Wang Dayle , Zhou Kevin , Kumbhani Rushil , Guerra Garcia Maria E. , Sinai Claire E. , Becker Sarah , Schneider Rachel , Vogelzang Jayne , Krug Karsten , Goodale Amy , Abid Tanaz , Kalani Zohra , Piccioni Federica , Beroukhim Rameen , Persky Nicole S. , Root David E. , Carcaboso Angel M. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Fuller Christine , Babur Ozgun , Kieran Mark W. , Jones Chris , Keshishian Hasmik , Ligon Keith L. , Carr Steven A. , Phoenix Timothy N. , Bandopadhayay Pratiti
Published: February 2022

The role of PPM1D mutations in de novo gliomagenesis has not been systematically explored. Here we analyze whole genome sequences of 170 pediatric high-grade gliomas and find that truncating mutations in PPM1D that increase the stability of its phosphatase are clonal driver events in 11% of Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs) and are enriched in primary pontine tumors. Through the development of DMG mouse models, we show that PPM1D mutations potentiate gliomagenesis and that PPM1D phosphatase activity is required for in vivo oncogenesis. Finally, we apply integrative phosphoproteomic and functional genomics assays and find that oncogenic effects of PPM1D truncation converge on regulators of cell cycle, DNA damage response, and p53 pathways, revealing therapeutic vulnerabilities including MDM2 inhibition.
Colossal and reversible barocaloric effect in liquid-solid-transition materials n-alkanes
Authors: Lin Jianchao , Tong Peng , Zhang Kai , Tao Kun , Lu Wenjian , Wang Xianlong , Zhang Xuekai , Song Wenhai , Sun Yuping
Published: February 2022

Emerging caloric cooling technology provides a green alternative to conventional vapor-compression technology which brings about serious environmental problems. However, the reported caloric materials are much inferior to their traditional counterparts in cooling capability. Here we report the barocaloric (BC) effect associated with the liquid-solid-transition (L-S-T) in n-alkanes. A low-pressure of ~50 MPa reversibly triggers an entropy change of ~700 J kg−1 K−1, comparable to those of the commercial refrigerants in vapor-based compression systems. The Raman study and theoretical calculations reveal that applying pressure to the liquid state suppresses the twisting and random thermal motions of molecular chains, resulting in a lower configurational entropy. When the pressure is strong enough to drive the L-S-T, the configurational entropy will be fully suppressed and induce the colossal BC effect. This work could open a new avenue for exploring the colossal BC effect by evoking L-S-T materials.
Cost-effectiveness of routine adolescent vaccination with an M72/AS01E-like tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa and India
Authors: Harris Rebecca C. , Quaife Matthew , Weerasuriya Chathika , Gomez Gabriela B. , Sumner Tom , Bozzani Fiammetta , White Richard G.
Published: February 2022

The M72/AS01E tuberculosis vaccine showed 50% (95%CI: 2–74%) efficacy in a phase 2B trial in preventing active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, but potential cost-effectiveness of adolescent immunisation is unknown. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of six scenarios of routine adolescent M72/AS01E-like vaccination in South Africa and India. All scenarios suggested an M72/AS01E-like vaccine would be highly (94–100%) cost-effective in South Africa compared to a cost-effectiveness threshold of $2480/disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. For India, a prevention of disease vaccine, effective irrespective of recipient’s M. tuberculosis infection status at time of administration, was also highly likely (92–100%) cost-effective at a threshold of $264/DALY averted; however, a prevention of disease vaccine, effective only if the recipient was already infected, had 0–6% probability of cost-effectiveness. In both settings, vaccinating 50% of 18 year-olds was similarly cost-effective to vaccinating 80% of 15 year-olds, and more cost-effective than vaccinating 80% of 10 year-olds. Vaccine trials should include adolescents to ensure vaccines can be delivered to this efficient-to-target population.
Electrode reconstruction strategy for oxygen evolution reaction: maintaining Fe-CoOOH phase with intermediate-spin state during electrolysis
Authors: Lee Woong Hee , Han Man Ho , Ko Young-Jin , Min Byoung Koun , Chae Keun Hwa , Oh Hyung-Suk
Published: February 2022

Computational calculations and experimental studies reveal that the CoOOH phase and the intermediate-spin (IS) state are the key factors for realizing efficient Co-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, according to thermodynamics, general cobalt oxide converts to the CoO2 phase under OER condition, retarding the OER kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and scalable strategy to fabricate electrodes with maintaining Fe-CoOOH phase and an IS state under the OER. The changes of phase and spin states were uncovered by combining in-situ/operando X-ray based absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical reconstruction of chalcogenide treated Co foam affords a highly enlarged active surface that conferred excellent catalytic activity and stability in a large-scale water electrolyzer. Our findings are meaningful in that the calculated results were experimentally verified through the operando analyses. It also proposes a new strategy for electrode fabrication and confirms the importance of real active phases and spin states under a particular reaction condition.
Matrix condition mediates the effects of habitat fragmentation on species extinction risk
Authors: Ramírez-Delgado Juan Pablo , Di Marco Moreno , Watson James E. M. , Johnson Chris J. , Rondinini Carlo , Corredor Llano Xavier , Arias Miguel , Venter Oscar
Published: February 2022

Habitat loss is the leading cause of the global decline in biodiversity, but the influence of human pressure within the matrix surrounding habitat fragments remains poorly understood. Here, we measure the relationship between fragmentation (the degree of fragmentation and the degree of patch isolation), matrix condition (measured as the extent of high human footprint levels), and the change in extinction risk of 4,426 terrestrial mammals. We find that the degree of fragmentation is strongly associated with changes in extinction risk, with higher predictive importance than life-history traits and human pressure variables. Importantly, we discover that fragmentation and the matrix condition are stronger predictors of risk than habitat loss and habitat amount. Moreover, the importance of fragmentation increases with an increasing deterioration of the matrix condition. These findings suggest that restoration of the habitat matrix may be an important conservation action for mitigating the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity.
Pharmacologic IRE1/XBP1s activation promotes systemic adaptive remodeling in obesity
Authors: Madhavan Aparajita , Kok Bernard P. , Rius Bibiana , Grandjean Julia M. D. , Alabi Adekunle , Albert Verena , Sukiasyan Ara , Powers Evan T. , Galmozzi Andrea , Saez Enrique , Wiseman R. Luke
Published: February 2022

In obesity, signaling through the IRE1 arm of the unfolded protein response exerts both protective and harmful effects. Overexpression of the IRE1-regulated transcription factor XBP1s in liver or fat protects against obesity-linked metabolic deterioration. However, hyperactivation of IRE1 engages regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and TRAF2/JNK pro-inflammatory signaling, which accelerate metabolic dysfunction. These pathologic IRE1-regulated processes have hindered efforts to pharmacologically harness the protective benefits of IRE1/XBP1s signaling in obesity-linked conditions. Here, we report the effects of a XBP1s-selective pharmacological IRE1 activator, IXA4, in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. IXA4 transiently activates protective IRE1/XBP1s signaling in liver without inducing RIDD or TRAF2/JNK signaling. IXA4 treatment improves systemic glucose metabolism and liver insulin action through IRE1-dependent remodeling of the hepatic transcriptome that reduces glucose production and steatosis. IXA4-stimulated IRE1 activation also enhances pancreatic function. Our findings indicate that systemic, transient activation of IRE1/XBP1s signaling engenders multi-tissue benefits that integrate to mitigate obesity-driven metabolic dysfunction.
Vegetation-based climate mitigation in a warmer and greener World
Authors: Alkama Ramdane , Forzieri Giovanni , Duveiller Gregory , Grassi Giacomo , Liang Shunlin , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: February 2022

The mitigation potential of vegetation-driven biophysical effects is strongly influenced by the background climate and will therefore be influenced by global warming. Based on an ensemble of remote sensing datasets, here we first estimate the temperature sensitivities to changes in leaf area over the period 2003–2014 as a function of key environmental drivers. These sensitivities are then used to predict temperature changes induced by future leaf area dynamics under four scenarios. Results show that by 2100, under high-emission scenario, greening will likely mitigate land warming by 0.71 ± 0.40 °C, and 83% of such effect (0.59 ± 0.41 °C) is driven by the increase in plant carbon sequestration, while the remaining cooling (0.12 ± 0.05 °C) is due to biophysical land-atmosphere interactions. In addition, our results show a large potential of vegetation to reduce future land warming in the very-stringent scenario (35 ± 20% of the overall warming signal), whereas this effect is limited to 11 ± 6% under the high-emission scenario.
Inhibition of interferon-gamma-stimulated melanoma progression by targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)
Authors: Tong Shirley , Cinelli Maris A. , El-Sayed Naglaa Salem , Huang He , Patel Anika , Silverman Richard B. , Yang Sun
Published: February 2022

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is shown to stimulate melanoma development and progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been completely defined. Our study aimed to determine the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated signaling in IFN-γ-stimulated melanoma progression and the anti-melanoma effects of novel nNOS inhibitors. Our study shows that IFN-γ markedly induced the expression levels of nNOS in melanoma cells associated with increased intracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels. Co-treatment with novel nNOS inhibitors effectively alleviated IFN-γ-activated STAT1/3. Further, reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis demonstrated that IFN-γ induced the expression of HIF1α, c-Myc, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in contrast to IFN-α. Blocking the nNOS-mediated signaling pathway using nNOS-selective inhibitors was shown to effectively diminish IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells. Using a human melanoma xenograft mouse model, the in vivo studies revealed that IFN-γ increased tumor growth compared to control, which was inhibited by the co-administration of nNOS inhibitor MAC-3-190. Another nNOS inhibitor, HH044, was shown to effectively inhibit in vivo tumor growth and was associated with reduced PD-L1 expression levels in melanoma xenografts. Our study demonstrates the important role of nNOS-mediated NO signaling in IFN-γ-stimulated melanoma progression. Targeting nNOS using highly selective small molecular inhibitors is a unique and effective strategy to improve melanoma treatment.
Preliminary results using a kit to measure tamoxifen and metabolites concentrations in capillary blood samples from women with breast cancer
Authors: Rehnmark Stefan , Shabo Ivan , Randahl Håkan , Wengström Yvonne , Rydberg Per , Hedayati Elham
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to compare 3 blood sampling methods, including capillary blood sampling, for determining Tamoxifen (TAM), Z-endoxifen (END), and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) concentrations. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify concentrations of TAM, END, and 4HT in plasma, venous blood, and capillary blood samples of 16 participants on TAM therapy for breast cancer. The rhelise kit was used for capillary sampling. Calibration curves using 13C-labeled analogs of TAM, END, and 4HT as internal standards were used for quantifications. A capillary sampling kit was used successfully for all participants. Mean TAM concentrations did not differ significantly in the 3 types of samples. Mean END and 4HT concentrations did differ significantly between capillary and venous blood samples, possibly related to photodegradation in the internal standards prior to use or degradation products with chromatographic retention times similar to the metabolites. TAM, END, and 4HT concentrations were relatively stable when stored for 14 days at 8 °C and 20 °C. Therapeutic drug monitoring of TAM using an innovative kit and capillary blood sampling is feasible. Preliminary data from this study will aid in developing a multicenter, randomized clinical trial of personalized TAM dose monitoring and adjustments, with the goal of enhancing the quality-of-life and outcomes of patients with breast cancer.

Clinical Trial Identification: EudraCT No 2017-000641-44.
Did border closures slow SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Shiraef Mary A. , Friesen Paul , Feddern Lukas , Weiss Mark A. ,   COBAP Team, Janabi Hawraa Al , Beling Elizabeth , Falcone Jonathan , Feddern Lukas , Hirst Cora , Murphy Nora , Stifel Elizabeth , Straight Erin , Tao Dongying , Tutaj Erin , Weiss Mark A. , Shiraef Mary A.
Published: February 2022

Despite the economic, social, and humanitarian costs of border closures, more than 1000 new international border closures were introduced in response to the 2020–2021 pandemic by nearly every country in the world. The objective of this study was to examine whether these border closures reduced the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Prior to 2020, the impacts of border closures on disease spread were largely unknown, and their use as a pandemic policy was advised against by international organizations. We tested whether they were helpful in reducing spread by using matching techniques on our hand-coded COVID Border Accountability Project (COBAP) Team database of international closures, converted to a time-series cross-sectional data format. We controlled for national-level internal movement restrictions (domestic lockdowns) using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) time-series data. We found no evidence in favor of international border closures, whereas we found a strong association between national-level lockdowns and a reduced spread of SARS-CoV-2 cases. More research must be done to evaluate the byproduct effects of closures versus lockdowns as well as the efficacy of other preventative measures introduced at international borders.
Enhancing membrane-based soft materials with magnetic reconfiguration events
Authors: Makhoul-Mansour Michelle M. , El-Beyrouthy Joyce B. , Mao Leidong , Freeman Eric C.
Published: February 2022

Adaptive and bioinspired droplet-based materials are built using the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) technique, assembling networks of lipid membranes through adhered microdroplets. The properties of these lipid membranes are linked to the properties of the droplets forming the interface. Consequently, rearranging the relative positions of the droplets within the network will also alter the properties of the lipid membranes formed between them, modifying the transmembrane exchanges between neighboring compartments. In this work, we achieved this through the use of magnetic fluids or ferrofluids selectively dispersed within the droplet-phase of DIB structures. First, the ferrofluid DIB properties are optimized for reconfiguration using a coupled experimental-computational approach, exploring the ideal parameters for droplet manipulation through magnetic fields. Next, these findings are applied towards larger, magnetically-heterogeneous collections of DIBs to investigate magnetically-driven reconfiguration events. Activating electromagnets bordering the DIB networks generates rearrangement events by separating and reforming the interfacial membranes bordering the dispersed magnetic compartments. These findings enable the production of dynamic droplet networks capable of modifying their underlying membranous architecture through magnetic forces.
Promotion of the inflammatory response in mid colon of complement component 3 knockout mice
Authors: Choi Yun Ju , Kim Ji Eun , Lee Su Jin , Gong Jeong Eun , Jin You Jeong , Lee Ho , Hwang Dae Youn
Published: February 2022

To determine whether complement component 3 (C3) deficiency affects its receptor downstream-mediated inflammatory response, the current study was undertaken to measure alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‑mediated cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) induction pathway, inflammasome pathway, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and inflammatory cytokine expressions in the mid colon of C3 knockout (KO) mice. Significant enhancement was observed in expressions of key components of the iNOS‑mediated COX‑2 induction pathway, and in the phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein (MAP) kinase members. A similar pattern of increase was also observed in the expression levels of inflammasome proteins in C3 KO mice. Moreover, compared to WT mice, C3 KO mice showed remarkably enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB and Inhibitor of κB-α (IκB-α), which was reflected in entirety as increased expressions of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6 and IL-1α. However, the levels of E-cadherin, tight junction channels and ion channels expressions were lower in the C3 KO mice, although myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity for neutrophils was slightly increased. Taken together, results of the current study indicate that C3 deficiency promotes inflammatory responses in the mid colon of C3 KO mice through activation of the iNOS‑mediated COX‑2 induction pathway, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-inflammasome pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway, and the enhancement of inflammatory cytokine expressions.
Mangrove diversity is more than fringe deep
Authors: Canty Steven W. J. , Kennedy John Paul , Fox Graeme , Matterson Kenan , González Vanessa L. , Núñez-Vallecillo Mayra L. , Preziosi Richard F. , Rowntree Jennifer K.
Published: February 2022

Mangroves form coastal tropical forests in the intertidal zone and are an important component of shoreline protection. In comparison to other tropical forests, mangrove stands are thought to have relatively low genetic diversity with population genetic structure gradually increasing with distance along a coastline. We conducted genetic analyses of mangrove forests across a range of spatial scales; within a 400 m2 parcel comprising 181 Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) trees, and across four sites ranging from 6–115 km apart in Honduras. In total, we successfully genotyped 269 R. mangle trees, using a panel of 677 SNPs developed with 2b-RAD methodology. Within the 400 m2 parcel, we found two distinct clusters with high levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.355), corresponding to trees primarily located on the seaward fringe and trees growing deeper into the forest. In contrast, there was limited genetic differentiation (FST = 0.027–0.105) across the sites at a larger scale, which had been predominantly sampled along the seaward fringe. Within the 400 m2 parcel, the cluster closest to the seaward fringe exhibited low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.014–0.043) with the other Honduran sites, but the cluster further into the forest was highly differentiated from them (FST = 0.326–0.414). These findings contradict the perception that genetic structure within mangroves forests occurs mainly along a coastline and highlights that there is greater genetic structure at fine spatial scales.
MIxS-SA: a MIxS extension defining the minimum information standard for sequence data from symbiont-associated micro-organisms
Authors: Jorge Fátima , Brealey Jaelle C , Brindley Paul J , Buysse Marie , Cantacessi Cinzia , Duron Olivier , Fichorova Raina , Fitzpatrick Connor R , Hahn Megan , Hunter Christopher , Hervé Vincent , Knoll Laura J , Kohl Kevin D , Lalle Marco , Lukeš Julius , Martínez Joaquín Martínez , Perkins Susan L , Poulin Robert , Rosario Karyna , Schneider Adam C , Schriml Lynn M , Thompson Luke R , Walls Ramona L , Dheilly Nolwenn M
Published: February 2022

The symbiont-associated (SA) environmental package is a new extension to the minimum information about any (x) sequence (MIxS) standards, established by the Parasite Microbiome Project (PMP) consortium, in collaboration with the Genomics Standard Consortium. The SA was built upon the host-associated MIxS standard, but reflects the nestedness of symbiont-associated microbiota within and across host-symbiont-microbe interactions. This package is designed to facilitate the collection and reporting of a broad range of metadata information that apply to symbionts such as life history traits, association with one or multiple host organisms, or the nature of host-symbiont interactions along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. To better reflect the inherent nestedness of all biological systems, we present a novel feature that allows users to co-localize samples, to nest a package within another package, and to identify replicates. Adoption of the MIxS-SA and of the new terms will facilitate reports of complex sampling design from a myriad of environments.
Copper (α)/cis-platinum-loaded nanogels as an adjuvant potentiate disulfiram's antitumor efficacy
Authors: Geng Yu , Sun Rui , Zhang Yifan , Zhou Zhuxian , Shen Youqing
Published: February 2022

Copper (ii) orcis-platinum complexation nanogels for tumor metal delivery to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of DSF.
Amplification of luminescence of stable radicals by coordination to NHC–gold(i) complex
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Kitajima Ryota , Matsuoka Ryota , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Uchida Kingo
Published: February 2022

The 4% fluorescence quantum yield of F2PyBTM radical in dichloromethane was enhanced up to 36% by coordination to AuI with N-heterocyclic carbene ligand.
Photostability of 2,6-diaminopurine and its 2′-deoxyriboside investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Caldero-Rodríguez Naishka E. , Ortiz-Rodríguez Luis A. , Gonzalez Andres A. , Crespo-Hernández Carlos E.
Published: February 2022

The electronic relaxation pathways of 2,6-diaminopurine and its deoxyribonucleoside were elucidated in aqueous solution. It is shown that these purine derivatives are largely photostable to ultraviolet radiation.
Rational design of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction for a zero-carbon network
Authors: Li Li , Li Xiaodong , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi
Published: February 2022

Highlighting how to realize a “Zero-Carbon” networkviathe rational design of CO2electroreduction driven by renewable power.
Highly stable Pd2+ species anchoring on ethylenediamine-grafted-MIL-101(Cr) as a robust oxidation catalyst
Authors: Makmeesub Nuttapong , Ritvirulh Chonlada , Choojun Kittisak , Sattayaporn Suchinda , Resasco Daniel E. , Sooknoi Tawan
Published: February 2022

The strong interaction between Pd2+ and ethylenediamine (en), within the confinement of MIL-101(Cr), effectively prevented the reduction of Pd2+ by the feed and minimized leaching of the active Pd2+ species under oxidizing and acidic conditions.
Magnetic conjugated microporous polymer hollow spheres decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for selective absorption and sterilization
Authors: Hu Zhentao , Ma Yingjiao , Lu Nan , Yan Lijuan , Sun Hanxue , Zhu Zhaoqi , Liang Weidong , Li An
Published: February 2022

Novel magnetic conjugated microporous polymer hollow spheres (CMP-HSs@Fe3O4) with high specific surface areas were synthesized for the absorption of antibiotics and the sterilization of microbes in wastewater, and possessed superior sterilization performance.
The structural pathway from its solvated molecular state to the solution crystallisation of the α- and β-polymorphic forms of para amino benzoic acid
Authors: Rosbottom Ian , Turner Thomas D. , Ma Cai Y. , Hammond Robert B. , Roberts Kevin J. , Yong Chin W. , Todorov Ilian T.
Published: February 2022

Comparison between solid- and solution-state intermolecular interactions identify solvent-dependant pathways directing crystallisation into different polymorphic forms.
Investigation of the Sn4+-distribution and photocatalytic performance of Sn4+/TiO2 hollow fiber nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Yixin , Mou Guizhen , Yu Shunli , Luo Hao , Zhong Ming , Dong Na , Su Bitao
Published: February 2022

Tin ion-doped TiO2 fibers were smartly prepared, and the distribution depth of Sn4+ influences the photocatalytic performance of TiO2.
Fast and recoverable NO2 detection achieved by assembling ZnO on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets under UV illumination at room temperature
Authors: Fan Chao , Shi Jia , Zhang Yongwei , Quan Wenjing , Chen Xiyu , Yang Jianhua , Zeng Min , Zhou Zhihua , Su Yanjie , Wei Hao , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2022

The excellent conductivity of Ti3C2Tx and the rich charge carriers of ZnO under UV illumination can endow the gas sensors with greatly enhanced performances in response/recovery speed, sensitivity and cycle stability toward NO2 at room temperature.
Enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,2-dihydroquinolines with 3-olefinic oxindoles via Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Wang Biao , Yan Xiao , Zhong Han , Ouyang Qin , Tian Xu
Published: February 2022

A highly diastereo- and enantioselective Brønsted acid-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition generating heterocyclic products with four contiguous stereocenters in good to excellent yields with high stereoselectivities is reported.
Effect of crystallinity and related surface properties on gene expression of primary fibroblasts
Authors: Kołbuk Dorota , Ciechomska Marzena , Jeznach Oliwia , Sajkiewicz Paweł
Published: February 2022

Low molecular weight PCLs revealed higher crystallinity, higher chain mobility at the surface, lower polarity and related higher hydrophobicity. Crystallinity and related properties decide about gene expression.
Determination of ethanol content during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cassava based on a colorimetric sensor technique
Authors: Mao Wencheng , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2022

In this study, a colorimetric sensor was used to collect odor information from fermentation samples. The optimal model was established by introducing different combinations of intelligent optimization algorithms to determine ethanol content.
High-performance delignification of invasive tree species wood with ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent for the production of cellulose-based polyelectrolytes
Authors: Almeida Ricardo O. , Moreira Adriana , Moreira Daniela , Pina Maria E. , Carvalho Maria G. V. S. , Rasteiro Maria G. , Gamelas José A. F.
Published: February 2022

Two cellulose-rich materials, with 6–7% of lignin, obtained from A. dealbata pretreatment with an ionic liquid or a deep eutectic solvent were used to produce cationic polyelectrolytes by a two-step reaction with sodium periodate and Girard’s reagent T.
An alginate-based encapsulation system for delivery of therapeutic cells to the CNS
Authors: Eleftheriadou Despoina , Evans Rachael E. , Atkinson Emily , Abdalla Ahmed , Gavins Francesca K. H. , Boyd Ashleigh S. , Williams Gareth R. , Knowles Jonathan C. , Roberton Victoria H. , Phillips James B.
Published: February 2022

Novel composite cell encapsulation system: dual-layer, micro-scale beads maintain cell survival while releasing immunomodulatory FK506 in a sustained manner. This biotechnology platform could be applicable for treatment of CNS and other disorders.
Alkali metal decorated C60 fullerenes as promising materials for delivery of the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug: a DFT approach
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Khan Adnan Ali
Published: February 2022

DFT calculations show the capability of alkali metal (AM = Li, Na, and K) decorated C60 fullerenes to deliver multiple 5-fluorouracil 5FU molecules. The results show 5FU may be protonated to target cancerous tissues, this causes the drug to be realised from the fullerene.
A durable high-energy implantable energy storage system with binder-free electrodes useable in body fluids
Authors: Chae Ji Su , Lee Hoomin , Kim Sung-Hyun , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Kang Sung-Min , Lee Seonghan , Lee Jeong Han , Han Young-Kyu , Cho Wan-Seob , Huh Yun Suk , Roh Kwang Chul
Published: February 2022

We developed a flexible supercapacitor cell with biocompatible oxidized SWCNTs driven by electrolytes in body fluids through integration with a wireless sensor network for use in implantable electronic medical devices (IEMDs).
The BaCe0.16Y0.04Fe0.8O3−δ nanocomposite: a new high-performance cobalt-free triple-conducting cathode for protonic ceramic fuel cells operating at reduced temperatures
Authors: Zou Dan , Yi Yongning , Song Yufei , Guan Daqin , Xu Meigui , Ran Ran , Wang Wei , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: February 2022

BaCe0.16Y0.04Fe0.8O3−δ nanocomposite cathode exhibits excellent activity and stability for ORR in PCFCs due to the strong interaction between phase components, optimized dual-phase composition and well-balanced proton and oxygen ion conductivity.
Microwave one-pot synthesis of CNT-supported amorphous Ni–P alloy nanoparticles with enhanced hydrogenation performance
Authors: Kang Yunqing , Du Haoran , Jiang Bo , Li Hui , Guo Yanna , Amin Mohammed A. , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Asahi Toru , Li Hexing , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: February 2022

A CNTs supported amorphous Ni–P alloy NPs catalyst is synthesized by a simple one-pot microwave heating method. The resulting outstanding hydrogenation performance is due to the high-dispersion of Ni–P NPs and the enhanced metal–support interaction.
Positive regulation of active sites for oxygen evolution reactions by encapsulating NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in N-doped carbon nanotubes in situ to construct efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Tang Yibo , Lei Ying , Li Guijun , Fu Tiantian , Xiang Yang , Sha Jingqi , Yang Hai , Yu Peng , Si Yujun , Guo Chaozhong
Published: February 2022

Benefitting from the structure of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes, the Fe–Me–Ni exhibits excellent catalytic activities for ORR and OER, and superior long term discharge–recharge durability.
A coumarin-based fluorescent probe for NIR imaging-guided photodynamic therapy against S. aureus-induced infection in mouse models
Authors: Li Jun , Tu Le , Ouyang Qingying , Yang Sheng-gang , Liu Xiao , Zhai Qianqian , Sun Yao , Yoon Juyoung , Teng Huailong
Published: February 2022

A coumarin-based viscosity-responsive fluorescent probe (HZAU800) was designed and synthesized.
Highly luminescent broadband phosphors based on acid solvent coordinated two-dimensional layered tin-based perovskites
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yang Bobo , Mei Shiliang , Zhu Yuxuan , Hu Rongrong , Zou Jun
Published: February 2022

2D ODASnBr4 microcrystals with broad band emission centered at 586 nm and a high PL quantum yield of 98.22% were achieved by a facile saturation recrystallization process in ambient environmental conditions.
A gold(iii)–TADF emitter as a sensitizer for high-color-purity and efficient deep-blue solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Zhou Dongling , Wu Siping , Cheng Gang , Che Chi-Ming
Published: February 2022

Herein is described a blue-emitting gold(iii)–TADF complex serving as a sensitizer for SP-OLEDs, in which an MR-TADF emitter is employed as the emissive dopant. The SP-OLEDs attained EQEmax of up to 16.6%, high color purity and CIEx,y of (0.14, 0.18).
Enzymatic digestion of luminescent albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters under anaerobic conditions: clues to the quenching mechanism
Authors: Wacławska Matylda , Nieznańska Hanna , Dzwolak Wojciech
Published: February 2022

Enzymatic digestion of albumin-conjugated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) decreases their luminescence, regardless of oxygen presence. Our study points to agglomeration of AuNCs as the main process underlying the proteolysis-induced quenching.
Light-modulated liquid crystal elastomer actuator with multimodal shape morphing and multifunction
Authors: Zhao Tonghui , Zhang Yanlin , Fan Yangyang , Wang Jiao , Jiang Hanqing , Lv Jiu-an
Published: February 2022

We present a simple driving strategy through modulating incident light to produce diverse 3D shape morphing in a single NIR-active LCE actuator, and enable various locomotions (crawling, shifting, rotating, somersaulting, rolling, and even rocking).
Long-Term Impact of Study Abroad on Intercultural Development
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Jin Lan
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The number of U.S. students who study abroad (SA) has increased significantly over the past 3 decades, and participant intercultural competence (ICC) has been shown to increase after studying abroad. However, few studies have evaluated whether these intercultural gains are maintained over the long term. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term impact of SA on intercultural development and identify factors that may have impacted continued intercultural growth over time.

Method:

Thirty-four students who had studied abroad in programs led by the first author participated in the study and completed the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as well as a qualitative questionnaire.

Results:

Comparison of pre-SA and current IDI developmental orientation (DO) scores showed that, although there was considerable individual variability, the group maintained their intercultural gains over time. Additionally, clinical experience with a diverse patient population was found to be a significant factor in facilitating intercultural growth. Qualitative data support these findings and indicate that continued long-term effort and engagement may facilitate the maintenance and further development of ICC.

Conclusion:

Developing ICC is a complex and long-term process, and it requires continued long-term effort and intentional engagement in a variety of intercultural learning activities, particularly clinical activities with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Heavy ion results from LHCb
Authors: Sun Jiayin ,   (for the LHCb collaboration)
Published: February 2022

The LHCb detector is a single-arm spectrometer fully instrumented in the forward rapidity at the LHC. In this contribution we introduce some of the most recent results in heavy ion collisions, the upgrades for LHC Run3 and the future perspectives of the heavy ion program from the LHCb experiment.
Measurement of global polarization of Λ hyperons in Au+Au √SNN = 7.2 GeV fixed target collisions at RHIC-STAR experiment
Authors: Okubo Kosuke ,   (for the STAR Collaboration)
Published: February 2022

In non-central nuclear collisions, the created matter should exhibit strong vorticity, which induces spin polarization. Global polarization is a good tool to investigate the dynamics of the system. Global polarization of Λ and Λ¯ hyperons has been measured at √SNN = 2.4 GeV - 5.02 TeV in various experiments. We have measured the global polarization of Λ hyperons in Au+Au collisions with fixed-target configuration at √SNN = 7.2 GeV at RHIC-STAR experiment. The non-zero signal is observed and it follows the global trend of Λ global polarization that increases towards lower collision energies. The global polarization is larger in more peripheral collisions but it does not show any significant rapidity dependence as well as transverse momentum dependence within uncertainties.
Hypernuclei and Antihypernuclei Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Leung Yue-Hang
Published: February 2022

In these proceedings, an overview of recent hypernuclei measurements in heavy ion collisions is presented. These results include the lifetime, Λ binding energy, production yield, and directed flow in heavy ion collisions. These results provide constraints on the hyperon-nucleon interaction, enhance our understanding in hypernuclear structure, and provide insight on the production mechansims of hypernuclei in heavy ion collisions.
Charm and multi-charm baryon measurements via strangeness tracking with the upgraded ALICE detector
Authors: Dobrigkeit Chinellato David ,   for the ALICE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

We present a new method for detection of multiply charmed baryons via their decays into strange baryons, using ‘strangeness tracking’. This method makes use of the state-of-the-art upgraded silicon detectors in ALICE during Runs 3, 4 and beyond will enable the novel possibility of tracking strange hadrons directly before they decay, leading to a very significant improvement in impactparameter resolution. In this work, we will discuss how this new technique will be crucial to distinguish secondary strange baryons originating from charm decays from primary strange baryons. This is a particularly interesting possibility for the Ω− baryon coming from Ωc0 → Ω−π+ decays, since there is no other relevant feeddown source for Ω−. This, in turn, means that the main Ω− background for the Ωc measurement will point most accurately to the primary vertex, unlike pions or protons from other charm baryon decays.

We will illustrate the achievable performance of strangeness tracking for the Run 3 configuration of ALICE with the upgraded Inner Tracking System, which is fully instrumented with silicon pixel detectors. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of this technique in a future experiment with an extensive silicon tracking detector with a first layer very close to the interaction point. Finally, we will also cover other potential major applications of strangeness tracking, including measurements of hypernuclei such as the Λ3H.
QCD Critical Point and Net-Proton Number Fluctuations at RHIC-STAR
Authors: Zhang Yu ,   for the STAR Collaboration
Published: February 2022

In the search of QCD phase boundary and critical point, higher-order cumulants of conserved quantities are proposed as promising observables and have been studied extensively both experimentally and theoretically. In this paper we present cumulant ratios up to 6th-order of net-proton number distributions in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 7.7 - 200 GeV from STAR Beam Energy Scan program phase I and √S = 200 GeV p + p collisions. The results are compared with various models and Lattice QCD calculations.
Thermal abundance of hyperons from a coupled channel model
Authors: Lo Pok Man
Published: February 2022

I demonstrate how the thermal abundances of S = −1 strange baryons can be computed based on the density of states extracted from a coupled-channel model.
Resonance production in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV
Authors: Oliinychenko Dmytro , Shen Chun
Published: February 2022

The yields, mean transverse momenta, and flow of K*0, ρ0, Λ(1520) resonances provide an evidence of a late stage hadronic rescattering in ultrarelativistic central heavy ion collisions [1]. Using hydrodynamic + hadronic afterburner simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV we achieve a reasonable description of resonance yields and spectra as a function of collision centrality. We demonstrate that the measurements of Λ(1520)’s mean transverse momentum allow to constrain the unknown branching ratios of Σ* → Λ(1520)π decays. Hadronic dynamics leads to an enhanced ∆(1232) production in central collisions.
Production of strange particles in jets and underlying events in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV with ALICE
Authors: Cui Pengyao ,   for the ALICE Collabration
Published: February 2022

The production of strange KS0, Λ and multi-strange (Ξ± and Ω±) particles in jets and the underlying event in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV has been studied with ALICE at the LHC. The pT-differential density of the particles produced in a jet is compared to the inclusive distribution. The corresponding (Λ + Λ¯)/2KS0 and (Ξ− + Ξ¯+)/(Λ + Λ¯) ratios in jets as a function of pT are also reported in this work. The pT-differential density distribution of hadrons associated with jets decreases slower than the one reported for inclusive particle production. The ratios measured in jets show a clear difference when compared to the inclusive ones at the intermediate pT range. The results provide an opportunity to test the strange and multi-strange particle production mechanisms with hard scattering.
Systematics in the global polarization measurements of Λ hyperons with HADES at SIS18
Authors: Kornas Frédéric Julian ,   for the HADES Collaboration
Published: February 2022

The global polarization of Λ hyperons has been measured in Au+Au and Ag+Ag collisions at √SNN = 2.4 and 2.55 GeV recorded with HADES. An increase of the polarization is observed following the trend measured by the STAR Collaboration. The high statistics Ag+Ag data allowed for differential measurements of the polarization. The study of acceptance effects is very important in the fixed target setup, as the phase-space coverage is not symmetric. These studies are reported together with the evaluation procedure of the systematic uncertainties.
Heavy-flavour production in small systems and evolution with multiplicity with ALICE
Authors: Acharya Shreyasi ,   for the ALICE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

In this report, highlights on the multiplicity-dependent measurements of heavy-flavour hadrons performed by the ALICE experiment, are presented. The heavy-flavour baryon-to-meson Λc0/D0 and strange-to-non-strange D meson DS+/D0 ratios in different charged-particle multiplicity intervals are discussed. Recent measurements of heavy-flavour self-normalised yields as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV are also reported. Measurement of jets containing heavy-flavour hadrons in pp and p–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV and the recent measurements of azimuthal correlations of heavy-flavour hadron decay electrons and charged hadrons in pp collisions at √S = 5.02 TeV are presented.
Reactions Governing Strangeness Abundance in Primordial Universe
Authors: Yang Cheng Tao , Rafelski Johann
Published: February 2022

Strangness production processes can balance natural strangeness decay in the early hadronic Universe. Comparing to the characteristic Hubble time 1/H, the reaction rates for μ± + νμ → K±, l− + l+ → ϕ, and π+π → K in sequence become slower than expansion rate at T = 33.9 MeV, T = 25MeV and T = 20MeV respectively. This means that in the antibaryon annihilation epoch near to T ≃ 40MeV strangeness is in chemical equilibrium.
In-medium effects in strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions at (sub-) threshold energies
Authors: Song Taesoo , Tolos Laura , Wirth Joana , Aichelin Joerg , Bratkovskaya Elena
Published: February 2022

We study the in-medium effects in strangeness production in heavyion collisions at (sub-)threshold energies based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The in-medium modifications of the antikaon properties are described via the self-consistent coupledchannel unitarized scheme based on a SU(3) chiral Lagrangian while the inmedium modification of kaons are accounted via the kaon-nuclear potential, which is assumed to be proportional to the local baryon density. We find that the modifications of (anti)kaon properties in nuclear matter are necessary to explain the experimental data in heavy-ion collisions.
Study of Charge Symmetry Breaking in A = 4 hypernuclei in √SNN = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Authors: Shao Tianhao ,   (for the STAR Collaboration)
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present the measurement of the charge symmetry breaking in A = 4 hypernuclei in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 3 GeV. The signal reconstruction and binding energy measurement of Λ4H and Λ4He, including corrections and systematic uncertainty evaluation, are discussed. Combined with the energy levels of excited states, our preliminary result of Λ binding energy difference for excited states is ΔBΛ(1+) = −190±130(stat.)±70(syst.) keV which shows a negative value and its magnitude is comparable to the result of ground states ΔBΛ(0+) = 130 ± 130(stat.) ± 70(syst.) keV. These results are compared with previous measurements and theoretical model calculations.
QED Mesons, the QED Neutron, and the Dark Matter
Authors: Wong Cheuk-Yin
Published: February 2022

Schwinger’s boson solution for massless fermions in QED in 1+1D has been applied and generalized to quarks interacting in QED and QCD interactions, leading to stable and confined open-string QED and QCD boson excitations of the quark-QCD-QED system in 1+1D. Just as the open-string QCD excitations in 1+1D can be the idealization of QCD mesons with a flux tube in 3+1D, so the open-string QED excitations in 1+1D may likewise be the idealization of QED mesons with masses in the tens of MeV region, corresponding possibly to the anomalous X17 and E38 particles observed recently. A further search for bound states of quarks interacting in the QED interaction alone leads to the examination on the stability of the QED neutron, consisting of two d quarks and one u quark. Theoretically, the QED neutron has been found to be stable and estimated to have a mass of 44.5 MeV, whereas the analogous QED proton is unstable, leading to a long-lived QED neutron that may be a good candidate for the dark matter.
Synthesis of Quinolino[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one Derivatives via Formal (4+2)-Cycloaddition of Alkenes to Quinazolinе-Derived N-Acyliminium Cations: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Stepakov Alexander V. , Filatov Alexander S. , Larina Anna G. , Petrov Mikhail L. , Boitsov Vitali M.
Published: February 2022

3-Aryl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized by reduction of 3-aryl-1-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones with sodium triethylborohydride and studied as precursors of N-acyliminium cations that were expected to be trapped with various alkenes as (4+2)-cycloadducts. Unsubstituted 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-ones in the presence of BF3·Et2O failed to produce the desired cycloadducts probably due to a homooligomerization reaction involving N-acyliminium intermediates. To prevent this side reaction, we found it necessary to introduce substituents at both positions C6 and C8 of the quinazoline ring and C4′ of the 3-phenyl substituent. Utilizing bromine atoms as substituents at C6 and C8, N-acyliminium cations generated from 3-aryl-6,8-dibromo-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-ones in the presence of BF3·Et2O smoothly reacted with such alkenes as indene, acenaphthylene, styrene, α-methylstyrene to give new quinolino[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivatives with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Density functional theory calculations were performed at the M06-2x/cc-pVDZ level to obtain an insight into the mechanism of the (4+2)-cycloaddition reaction of quinazoline-derived N-acyliminium cations to alkenes.
Evolution of a Reagent-Controlled Strategy for β-Selective C-Glycoside Synthesis
Authors: Bennett Clay S.
Published: February 2022

C-Alkyl glycosides represent an attractive class of nonhydrolyzable carbohydrate mimetics which possess enormous potential as next-generation therapeutics. Methods for the direct stereoselective synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides with a broad substrate tolerance are limited, however. This is especially in the case of β-linked C-alkyl glycosides, where direct methods for synthesis from commonly available coupling partners remain limited. This Account describes the evolution of our laboratory’s studies on glycosyl sulfonate chemistry from a method for the construction of simple β-linked 2-deoxy-sugars to a technology for the direct synthesis of β-linked acyl and homoacyl glycosides that can be elaborated into more complex structures.

1 Introduction

2 Glycosyl Sulfonates

3 Glycosyl Sulfonates in Oligosaccharide Synthesis

4 Matching Donor and Sulfonate Reactivity

5 β-Linked C-Acyl and Homoacyl Glycoside Synthesis

6 Elaboration to other Products

7 Conclusion