bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmia species (Megachilidae) pollinate Cypripedium parviflorum (Orchidaceae) and Packera paupercula (Asteraceae): a localized case of Batesian mimicry?
Authors: Catling Paul M.
Published: January 2017

The pollinator-non-rewarding Large Yellow Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens [Willdenow] Knight) and the rewarding Balsam Ragwort (Packera paupercula [Michaux] Á. Löve & D. Löve) exist together in some eastern Ontario alvars where they share a group of medium-sized, dark blue metallic pollinators in the bee genus Osmia (Mason Bees, Megachilidae). I provide evidence of floral mimicry of the ragwort by the orchid based on several observations: (1) Osmia visiting P. paupercula also visit C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (2) Osmia are more frequent visitors to P. paupercula than to other co-blooming plants; (3) Osmia are the primary pollinators of C. parviflorum var. pubescens; (4) the behaviour of Osmia on the flower of C. parviflorum var. pubescens involving landing on the staminode suggests mimicry; and (5) the largest populations of C. parviflorum var. pubescens in Ontario are in alvar landscapes where P. paupercula is abundant. Pollination in Large Yellow Lady's-slipper may vary geographically from non-model to species-specific Batesian mimicry, which is rare in orchids. This latter pollination mechanism may have evolved in ice-front environments during the Pleistocene, but then became isolated to unusual partial analogues of ice-front habitat during the Holocene with pollination in most of the current range appearing to be a generalist strategy.
Gastony’s Cliffbrake (Pellaea gastonyi) in Manitoba: new records and assessment of conservation status
Authors: Friesen Chris , Murray Colin
Published: January 2017

Gastony’s Cliffbrake (Pellaea gastonyi Windham) is a globally rare fern (Pteridaceae) that grows on limestone cliffs and ledges, including those associated with alvars. Until now, the only record in Manitoba was from a location just north of Fisher Branch. We report additional records and locations, one of which is over 250 km north of the initial collection. We also provide a conservation status assessment of this species in Manitoba that indicates that this species is rare in the province and is threatened in at least a portion of its range by habitat loss and degradation.
Egg laying in inappropriate nests by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater): acts of parasitism or emergency egg dumping?
Authors: Sealy Spencer G.
Published: January 2017

The generalist, brood-parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) has been found to parasitize the nests of about 220 species, mostly passerine birds. Among the thousands of documented cases of parasitism are rare records of egg laying in nests in which the cowbird stands no chance of success, because its diet or developmental strategy are incompatible with those of the “host” species. Forty-four nests of 16 such inappropriate host species are reviewed: 23 nests of nine precocial species (waterbirds and shorebirds) plus 21 nests of seven altricial species (a raptor, doves, cuckoos, a hummingbird, and a woodpecker). Two hypotheses explain inappropriate egg laying. In the “normal laying” hypothesis, Brown-headed Cowbirds may lay dozens of eggs in nests they encounter, including the occasional inappropriate nest. In the “emergency laying” hypothesis, females, on discovering that a selected nest has failed, must lay or “dump” her eggs elsewhere, in nests of inappropriate hosts or already-parasitized nests of regular hosts. Support for either hypothesis will require electronic surveillance of movements of nest-searching and laying Brown-headed Cowbirds to generate fine-scale spatial data that confirm whether parasitism on inappropriate nests occurs at the usual laying time for pre-selected nests (around sunrise) or later in the day if the chosen nest has failed and emergency laying is required.
Using an integrated recording and sound analysis system to search for Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) in Ontario
Authors: Holmes Stephen B. , Tuininga Ken , McIlwrick Kenneth A. , Carruthers Margaret , Cobb Eric
Published: January 2017

We used automated sound recording devices and analysis software to search for Kirtland’s Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) in northeastern Ontario. In 2012, we conducted surveys at 38 locations in three Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources administrative districts: Chapleau, Sault Ste. Marie, and Sudbury. We detected a Kirtland's Warbler at one location in Sault Ste. Marie District on a single date: June 6. We believe that the recording and analysis approach we used is an effective method for detecting Kirtland's Warbler, or other rare bird species, across extensive areas of their potential range.
Life history and distribution of the Arctic pseudoscorpion, Wyochernes asiaticus (Chernetidae)
Authors: Buddle Christopher M.
Published: January 2017

The Pseudoscorpiones are a remarkable yet understudied order of arachnids. The northernmost species in North America, Wyochernes asiaticus (family Chernetidae), occurs under rocks beside rivers or creeks and can be found above the Arctic Circle in Canada. In North America, the species is limited to the northwest, although its global distribution includes parts of Asia. It is presumably a Beringian species with quite specialized habitat affinities. I report on some life history traits of this species, based on examination of nearly 600 specimens from 16 localities in the Yukon and Northwest Territories. All life stages were collected. Of the females, 17% were carrying brood sacs, with an average of 10.5 eggs per brood sac; larger females tended to have larger clutch sizes. Despite these data on the natural history and distribution of W. asiaticus, its phylogeographic history and how the species feeds, disperses, and recolonizes habitats after flooding remain largely unknown.
Range extensions for Northern Redbelly Dace (Chrosomus eos), Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas), and Iowa Darter (Etheostoma exile) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Goertz Derek E. , Phoenix R. Dean
Published: January 2017

Relatively little is known of the distribution of small fish in the far north of Ontario, Canada, particularly in the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Between 2009 and 2014, we sampled 81 locations across six study areas in Ontario’s far north to determine the extent of species occurrences beyond their reported ranges. We used galvanized minnow traps and a standardized effort as well as incidental sampling that included dip and seine netting. We documented 25 fish species across the region, including three species beyond their known geographic ranges: Northern Redbelly Dace (Chrosomus eos, Cyprinidae), Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas, Cyprinidae), and Iowa Darter (Etheostoma exile, Percidae).
Tall Annual Willowherb (Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Oldham Michael J. , Macdonald Ian D.
Published: January 2017

Tall Annual Willowherb (Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl) is reported from Dryden, Kenora District, Ontario, Canada, based on a 2012 collection from a disturbed habitat where the species was presumably introduced. This is the first northern Ontario record of E. brachycarpum and the first Ontario record in more than 40 years. Previous Ontario records are discussed and mapped, and evidence for and against native status in the province is presented. Identification characteristics are provided, and distribution and habitat elsewhere in North America are discussed.
Further evidence of Cougars (Puma concolor) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rosatte Rick , Anderson Lil , Campbell Doug , Ouellet Christine , White Brad , Khan Tasnova , Van Schyndel Paul , Pepper Randy , MacDonald Christy , Wegman Wil , Allan Mike
Published: January 2017

Previous studies have indicated that Cougars (Puma concolor) were present on the Ontario landscape from 1935 to 2010. During 2012 and 2014, six pieces of evidence were collected that verified that Cougars were present in Ontario at that time. (1) A scat found near Collingwood, Ontario, was confirmed as containing Cougar DNA. (2) A Cougar was photographed by a member of the public near Pefferlaw, Ontario, and the photograph was proven to be authentic. (3) A Cougar was photographed near Kenora, Ontario. (4) A Cougar was observed near Kenora, Ontario, and tracks confirmed the sighting. (5) A Cougar attacked a dog near Bracebridge, Ontario; the animal was subsequently shot by police and DNA evidence indicated that it had at one time been in captivity. (6) A Cougar was photographed and later captured near Grafton, Ontario.
Impact of a major forest blowdown event on breeding of Ancient Murrelets, Synthliboramphus antiquus, at a colony in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia
Authors: Gaston Anthony J. , Pattison Jake , Brown Ainsley
Published: January 2017

In the winter of 2010–2011 a large storm blew down an area of about 18 ha of mature coastal rainforest on East Limestone Island, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. The area supported part of a breeding colony of Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus). Observations of the timing of chick departures from this section of the colony in 2012 and 2013 suggested that daily timing of chick departures were delayed, on average, by about 30 min, compared with earlier years. This delay may have been caused by debris from the blowdown impeding the progress of chicks over the ground. A sharp decrease in the number of chicks leaving the blowdown area in 2014 may signify that some breeding pairs left the area following reduced breeding success.
Three records of rare blue American Bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Gilhen John , Russell Ronald W.
Published: January 2017

We report three records of a rare blue American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, from Nova Scotia, Canada.
Ross’s Goose (Chen rossi) Nesting Colony at East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut
Authors: Nissley Clark , Williams Christopher , Abraham Kenneth F.
Published: January 2017

Most Ross’s Geese (Chen rossi) nest in the central arctic of North America, but the range has expanded eastward in the last two decades. In summer 2014, we discovered a cluster of 48 nesting pairs of Ross’s Geese at East Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary,Southampton Island, Nunavut. The Ross’s Goose colony was between an upland Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) nesting area and a low-lying Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) and Atlantic Brant (Branta bernicla) nesting area, in a zone dominated by ponds and lakes and interspersed with areas of moss and graminoids. Our discovery documents a previously unknown level of nesting of Ross’s Geese at East Bay and corroborates unpublished evidence of growing numbers of the species on Southampton Island and expansion of its breeding range.
Distribution and Ecology of a New Species of Water-lily, Nymphaea loriana (Nymphaeaceae), in Western Canada
Authors: Robson Diana Bizecki , Wiersema John H. , Hellquist C. Barre , Borsch Thomas
Published: January 2017

Nymphaea loriana Wiersema, Hellq. & Borsch (Lori’s Water-lily) is a newly described, Canadian endemic species that has been found in central Manitoba and east-central Saskatchewan. To assess the status of a species, data regarding its distribution, population size, habitat, and search effort are needed. The purpose of this paper is to document these factors for this species. The extent of occurrence of N. loriana is approximately 15 100 km2 but the known area of occupancy is a mere 20 km2. The estimated population size of N. loriana is about 750 individual plants, although more may exist on poorly explored rivers and lakes within the extent of occurrence and possibly in northeastern Ontario. Nymphaea loriana occurs in fresh, stagnant, or slowly moving water in boreal lakes and rivers and is typically associated with N. leibergii (Dwarf Water-lily), Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Soft-stemmed Bulrush), Potamogeton natans (Floating-leaved Pondweed) and Nuphar variegata (Variegated Pondlily). Potential threats to the persistence of this species include low water quality resulting from mining, forestry, and agriculture, and changes to water flow because of dam construction and climate change. Monitoring known populations and searching for additional ones may be needed to assess the status of this species.
The Timing of Egg-laying in Macrobiotid Species (Tardigrada) on the Island of Newfoundland
Authors: Brake Kyla K. , Collins Michael A.J.
Published: January 2017

Previous sampling of lichens and mosses on the island of Newfoundland has not located any macrobiotid (family Macrobiotidae) eggs, which are often crucial to the positive identification of adults of this family, particularly Macrobiotus and Minibiotus species. Because recent studies have established that egg-laying in macrobiotid species in the more northerly Labrador part of the province occurs in late summer and early fall, it was hypothesized that egg-laying on the more southerly island of Newfoundland would take place later in the year. In this study, conducted on the Burin Peninsula from September to December 2005, moss samples were taken every 2 weeks and macrobiotid adults and eggs were extracted. The eggs of 3 species of Macrobiotus and 1 species of Minibiotus were recovered later in the fall after the first frost.
Road Mortality of Reptiles and Other Wildlife at the Ojibway Prairie Complex and Greater Park Ecosystem in Southern Ontario
Authors: Choquette Jonathan D. , Valliant Lindsey
Published: January 2017

The Ojibway Prairie Complex in Windsor contains the largest protected tallgrass prairie ecosystem in Ontario and supports numerous species at risk. Despite its ecological significance, it is crossed by multiple high-traffic roads. Road mortality is a major threat to endangered species in Canada, particularly reptiles. The main goal of this study was to describe the nature and extent of vertebrate road mortality, with a focus on reptiles, on roads bisecting the Ojibway Prairie Complex, and the Greater Park Ecosystem, in Windsor and Lasalle, Ontario. A systematic road mortality survey was conducted by bicycle along seven roads (12.5 km) in 2010, 2012, and 2013. Also, opportunistic observations (n = 103) spanning over 30 years were assembled from a variety of sources. In total, 2083 vertebrates (49 species), including 446 reptiles (11 species), were recorded “dead onroad” during systematic surveys. The highest diversity of reptiles was recorded on Matchette Road, whereas the highest rate of reptile mortality was recorded on Malden Road. Reptile species at risk were killed on all roads surveyed. Combining systematic and opportunistic data, we found seven reptile species at risk: Butler’s Gartersnake (Thamnophis butleri), Eastern Foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus), Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus), Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii),Eastern Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus), Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica), and Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Reptile road mortality “hotspots” occurred where each road is intersected by a naturalized utility right-of-way. Our results can be used to focus mitigation efforts in space and time to reduce mortality rates and enhance connectivity in the Ojibway Prairie Complex and Greater Park Ecosystem.
Reproductive Rates in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) in Southwestern Manitoba: Another Look at the Data
Authors: Hammell Gord
Published: January 2017

Surveys indicate that Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) populations declined during the early 1980s and have since remained below conservation goals. Reasons suggested for the decline include chemical contamination, climate change, and reduced food resources. According to the latter theory, reproductive success of Lesser Scaup has declined because females now arrive on the breeding grounds with fewer nutrient reserves than in the past and this diminished body condition is the result of reduced food resources available at wintering and/or migration areas. To determine whether reproductive success has declined over time, I examined selected Lesser Scaup reproductive rates from 2008 to 2014 in southwestern Manitoba and compared them with those recorded before the continental population decline. Estimated productivity (age class IIa broods/pair), hatching date, Ia and IIa brood size, duckling survival rate (first sighting to age class IIa), and proportion of age class IIa broods with females in attendance were unchanged from values recorded in 1970–1972. Thus, if females are arriving on southern breeding areas with reduced body reserves, they may be recovering these losses before nesting, enabling them to attain reproductive rates similar to those in the past. In addition, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced food resources at non-breeding areas could affect recruitment of southern prairie-parkland breeders to a lesser extent than northern breeders because of the longer time between arrival and egg-laying in the south.
Pre-settlement Snail Fauna on the Sandbanks Baymouth Bar, Lake Ontario, Compared with Nearby Contemporary Faunas
Authors: Forsyth Robert G , Catling Paul , Kostiuk Brenda , McKay-Kuja Sheila , Kuja Allen
Published: January 2017

The terrestrial snail fauna in a pre-settlement soil layer, radiocarbon dated at approximately 1065–1560 years old, on the baymouth bar at Sandbanks Provincial Park, Lake Ontario, was compared with 4 nearby contemporary snail faunas from forested dunes.The pre-settlement sample differed in snail diversity, with 23 species compared with 9–20 species in contemporary samples. Six species were unique to the pre-settlement sample: Carychium exile, Euconulus fulvus, Gastrocopta armifera, Gastrocopta corticaria, Vallonia parvula, and Vertigo sp. The number of individual snails was much greater at the pre-settlement site when corrected for difference in size of sample area. The reason for the higher diversity, greater number of individuals, and different fauna associated with the pre-settlement area is unclear, but may be attributed to reduction and changes in the litter layer at the contemporary comparison sites caused by European earthworms. This work suggests that major erosional and depositional events occurred on Great Lakes shoreline dunes in the past and that these can be used to study post glacial mollusc faunas and past ecological processes, with some potentially significant results.
Second Report of the Gray Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, in New Brunswick
Authors: McAlpine Donald F , Cormier Jonathan , MacLean Isaac G
Published: January 2017

The Gray Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, is listed federally as a threatened species in Canada, but has been undergoing a range expansion, with the first New Brunswick occurrence recorded in 2007. Here we document a second recent New Brunswick occurrence (2014) and suggest that monitoring the species in the province may be warranted.
Head-bobbing in the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)
Authors: Lisney Thomas J , Troje Nikolaus F
Published: January 2017

Many birds bob their head as they walk or run on the ground. The functional significance of this behaviour is unclear, but there is strong evidence that it plays a significant role in enhancing visual perception. If head-bobbing is advantageous, however, then it is a puzzle that some birds do not head-bob. As a group, gulls (Laridae) are among the birds that reportedly do not head-bob,yet here we report head-bobbing among Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis), observed and filmed in Ontario, when walking relatively slowly while foraging on the ground. This suggests that head-bobbing plays a key role in the visual detection of food items in this species. We suggest that head-bobbing may be a relatively common behaviour in foraging Ring-billed Gulls and speculate that other gulls (and indeed other birds) previously thought not to head-bob may in fact do so under certain circumstances.
New Northern Records for Townsend’s Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi) in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories
Authors: Lamont Myles M , Knaggs Michelle
Published: January 2017

On 10 May 2015, a Townsend’s Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi) was observed near the hamlet of Kugluktuk in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut. This represents the first record for the territory and the first observation above the canadian tree line. We discuss new data from the Northwest Territories of singing males recorded by autonomous recording units, which may represent breeding evidence at the northeastern limit of the species’ range. We summarize other observations of this species across northwestern canada and describe the ecology of the lower coppermine River.
Known Range Expansion and Morphological Variation in the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) in Quebec
Authors: Lazure Louis , Paré Patrick , Tessier Nathalie , Bourgault Patrice , Dubois Geneviève , Canac-Marquis Pierre , Lapointe François-Joseph
Published: January 2017

New records of the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) in Quebec expand its known range in the province 150 km east to the appalachian foothills and farther west than previously assumed. We obtained individuals through live trapping, trapper collaboration, and opportunistic discoveries. Species identification was confirmed with morphological traits and molecular analysis. individuals were smaller in the eastern part of the province in terms of mass, total length, and tail length. Some live captures also seem to corroborate the fact that Southern Flying Squirrels are mainly associated with mature hardwood forests.De nouvelles mentions du petit polatouche (Glaucomys volans) au Québec permettent d’étendre son aire de répartition connue jusqu’à 150 km à l’est dans les contreforts des appalaches et plus à l’ouest que présumé. Les spécimens ont été obtenus via des captures vivantes, la collaboration des trappeurs et des découvertes opportunistes. L’identification de l’espèce a été confirmée sur des bases morphologiques et moléculaires. Les individus étaient plus petits dans l’est de la province en considérant la masse, la longueur totale et celle de la queue. Les quelques captures d’animaux vivants semblent corroborer que le petit polatouche est davantage associé, au niveau de l’habitat, aux peuplements de feuillus matures.
Morphology and Timing of Spawning of Umatilla Dace (Rhinichthys umatilla) in the Slocan River, British Columbia
Authors: Porto Louise , Lawrence Crystal
Published: January 2017

Umatilla Dace (Rhinichthys umatilla, Cyprinidae) are endemic to the Columbia River Basin. In Canada, this species is assessed as “threatened”. Little is known about its life history, especially with respect to spawning in the wild. A total of 688 specimens were captured, including 39 mature males and females displaying spawning colouration and tubercles, during minnow trapping and electrofishing surveys conducted on the Slocan River in southern British Columbia, Canada. Fertilized eggs were not observed, but eggs and milt were expressed from ripe individuals. Spawning was estimated to occur from mid-July to mid-September. Aquatic macrophytes and flooded terrestrial vegetation were important habitat features for mature Umatilla Dace leading up to the spawning period on the Slocan River. To our knowledge this is the first time that Umatilla Dace have been captured in spawning condition and observed with spawning colouration and tubercles in the wild in Canada. Results of this study will aid the development of recovery plans and management for this species in British Columbia.
Tapped density optimisation for four agricultural wastes - Part II: Performance analysis and Taguchi-Pareto
Authors: Ajibade Oluwaseyi , Agunsoye Johnson , Oke Sunday
Published: January 2017

In this attempt, which is a second part of discussions on tapped density
optimisation for four agricultural wastes (particles of coconut, periwinkle,
palm kernel and egg shells), performance analysis for comparative basis is
made. This paper pioneers a study direction in which optimisation of process
variables are pursued using Taguchi method integrated with the Pareto 80-20
rule. Negative percentage improvements resulted when the optimal tapped
density was compared with the average tapped density. However, the
performance analysis between optimal tapped density and the peak tapped
density values yielded positive percentage improvements for the four filler
particles. The performance analysis results validate the effectiveness of
using the Taguchi method in improving the tapped density properties of the
filler particles. The application of the Pareto 80-20 rule to the table of
parameters and levels produced revised tables of parameters and levels which
helped to identify the factor-levels position of each parameter that is
economical to optimality. The Pareto 80-20 rule also produced revised S/N
response tables which were used to know the relevant S/N ratios that are
relevant to optimality.
Direct chronopotentiometric analysis of riboflavin using a glassy carbon vessel as the working electrode
Authors: Brezo Tanja , Stojanovic Zorica , Suturovic Zvonimir , Kravic Snezana , Kos Jovana , Milanovic Spasenija , Djurovic Ana
Published: January 2017

A new method for the determination of riboflavin (vitamin B2) was developed
based on chronopotentiometry with a glassy carbon process vessel
macroelectrode. The method optimisation included investigation of the most
important experimental parameters: type and concentration of the supporting
electrolyte, initial potential, reduction current, and the working electrode
surface area. The reduction signal of riboflavin appeared at about -0.12 V
vs. Ag/AgCl (3.5 mol/dm3 KCl) electrode in 0.025 mol/dm3 HCl as the
supporting electrolyte. A linear response was obtained in the the range of
0.05-4 mg/dm3. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.018
mg/dm3 and 0.054 mg/dm3, respectively. Due to the use of specific working
electrode, a significant enhancement of the method relative sensitivity of
about 10 times was achieved. The accuracy of the defined method was
confirmed by HPLC analyses. The developed method was successfully applied
for the quantitation of riboflavin in various pharmaceutical multivitamin
preparations.
Influence of steeping time on biological activity of black mulberry leaves tea
Authors: Cestic Sladjana , Radojkovic Marija , Cvetanovic Aleksandra , Maskovic Pavle , Djurovic Sasa
Published: January 2017

Black mulberry leaves teas (BMLTs) were prepared using boiled water and
different steeping time (5 10, 20, 35 and 45 minutes). In order to establish
the connection between steeping time and tea quality, total phenolics content
(TPC), total flavonoids content TFC contents were measured, as well as two
antioxidant assays (DPPH and reducing power assays), alone with antimicrobial
and cytotoxic tests. The obtained results showed that TPC, TFC, IC50 and EC50
values increased with the increase in steeping time, while antimicrobial and
cytotoxic activity exhibited different tendency. Based on the obtained
results, the 10-minute steeping time was the optimum for tea preparation and
this tea was used for the determination of polyphenolic profile using HPLC-MS
technique. The results showed that the main compounds in BMLT were
chlorogenic and caffeic acids with the contents of 7226.00 and 537.52 ?g/g,
respectively.
Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility for azithromycin and ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between 2012 and 2015
Authors: Wind Carolien M , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , van Dam Alje P , de Vries Henry JC , van der Helm Jannie J
Published: January 2017

Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone has been increasing in the past years. This is of concern since the combination of these antimicrobials is recommended as the first-line treatment option in most guidelines. To analyse trends in antimicrobial resistance, we retrospectively selected all consultations with a positive N. gonorrhoeae culture at the sexually transmitted infection clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from January 2012 through September 2015. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azithromycin and ceftriaxone were analysed per year, and determinants associated with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (MIC > 0.25 mg/L) or ceftriaxone (MIC > 0.032 mg/L) were assessed. Between 2012 and 2015 azithromycin resistance (MIC > 0.5 mg/L) was around 1.2%, the percentage of isolates with intermediate MICs (> 0.25 and ≤ 0.5 mg/L) increased from 3.7% in 2012, to 8.6% in 2015. Determinants associated with decreased azithromycin susceptibility were, for men who have sex with men (MSM), infections diagnosed in the year 2014, two infected sites, and HIV status (HIV; associated with less decreased susceptibility); for heterosexuals this was having ≥ 10 sex partners (in previous six months). Although no ceftriaxone resistance (MIC > 0.125 mg/L) was observed during the study period, the proportion of isolates with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility increased from 3.6% in 2012, to 8.4% in 2015. Determinants associated with decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility were, for MSM, infections diagnosed in 2014, and pharyngeal infections; and for heterosexuals, infections diagnosed in 2014 or 2015, being of female sex, and having ≥ 10 sex partners. Continued decrease of azithromycin and ceftriaxone susceptibility will threaten future treatment of gonorrhoea. Therefore, new treatment strategies are warranted.
Study on Domestic Violence against women in Nepalese village of Terai Region
Authors: Giri Shree Shyam , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Giri Radheshyam , Jha Lalan Kumar , Yadav Sushil K
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives: The South East Asian Region has one of the highest incidences of gender based violence in the world which deprives women from the use of their right and liberty. This study was under taken to explore the causes and consequences of domestic violence against women in Meghanath Gorhanna VDC in Mahottari district of Nepal.Material and Methods: : An explorative quantitative and qualitative research design based study was conducted from September to December 2014 in married female of ward, No. 1, 2 and 4 of Meghanath Gorhanna VDC which is located in Mahottari district of Nepal suffering from domestic violence. Sample size consisted of 20 in each ward and sum of total was 60. In-depth interviews, focused group discussion and observation were tools used for data collection.Results: The result of this study reveals that 40% of victims were between age group 20 to 29 years. Domestic violence was higher among illiterate 20(33%). 12(20%) of the women were victimized due to alcoholism of their husband followed by male honor and patriarchal social values. Similarly, majority of the respondents 47(78.3%) suffered from psychological abuse followed by physical assault. 20(33.3%) women were suffered from physical violence. 10% women were suffered from sexual abuse and harassment. The findings also suggest 23(35%) had mental health problem and 14(23 %) women were suffered from reproductive health problem.Conclusion: The study highlights that various factors such as excessive intake of alcohol, patriarchal system of the society, polygamy, sexual dissatisfaction and dowry contributes for the domestic violence in women. The adverse effects of the violence on women are physical health problem, mental health problem, reproductive health problem, chronic conditions and negative health behavior.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4(1): 46-52
Trois nouvelles études pour la biographie intellectuelle de Vasco de Quiroga
Authors: Delgado Miguel Ángel Fernández
Published: January 2017

J. Benedict Warren a publié les premiers titres de la Colección Quiroguiana avec des nouvelles études sur la vie et l’oeuvre de Vasco de Quiroga. Le premier livre est un fac-similé et étude, avec documents inédits, sur le testament et l’inventaire de propriétés de Quiroga. Le deuxième est une compilation documentaire de son travail comme juge de seconde instance dans la ville d’Oran, en Afrique du Nord, où Quiroga fit état d’un critère juridique qui était en avance sur son temps. Le troisième livre est un fac-similé des Ordenanzas des pueblos-hospitales de Santa Fe et une comparaison exhaustive avec l’ Utopia de Thomas More.
Médecine et soin des malades en Utopie
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

Raphaël nous apprend que la médecine fait l’objet d’honneurs spéciaux en Utopie : on la considère comme une partie de la philosophie et un hommage au Créateur. Les hôpitaux y sont confortables : les malades y reçoivent une attention privilégiée et les soins des meilleurs médecins.
Thomas More and the Master Tropes: The deep structure of A Dialogue Concerning Heresies and Giambattista Vico
Authors: Schaeffer John D.
Published: January 2017

More’s Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529) has furnished many of his contemporary critics with evidence of his manipulative rhetoric and his rigid orthodoxy. A careful reading of the work, however, reveals its structure to depend upon the four master trop es: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony, arranged in a dialectic that Giambattista Vico called “the poetic logic.” Hayden White found this same poetic logic underlying the structure of Michel Foucault’s account of the history of discourse. Vico and Foucault were writing at the end of the dialectic age, in the age of irony. More, on the other hand, was writing at the end of the metonymie stage, when a coherent sensus communis begins to collapse into plurality of competing world views. Viewed against the background of the poetic logic, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies was not merely a defense of religious orthodoxy, but a desperate attempt to maintain a coherent, religiously-based sensus communis, one that underwrote the intelligibility of language and law, against what More perceived as a tide of relativism and solipsism.
Un archevêque descendant de Thomas More : William Bernard Ullathorne (1806-1889)
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

Thomas More n’eut aucun prêtre ni religieux parmi ses enfants, qui se marièrent tous très jeunes, mais sa descendance en compte plusieurs douzaines, malgré les lois anti-catholiques qui les obligeaient à vivre hors d’Angleterre. Parmi ceux qui acquirent de la notoriété, il y a deux provinciaux jésuites, une bénédictine, une chanoinesse de saint Augustin, et un archevêque de l’Angleterre victorienne qui occupe la place de choix dans notre évocation généalogique.
Le temps, qu’est-ce à dire?
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

Le temps intéresse à plus d’un titre les studiosi de More: c’est de lui que vient Ia devise Time trieth truth, qui figure sur la couverture de Moreana, et c’est à lui que tout le monde applique les formules omnium horarum homo et a man for all seasons. L’expérience du temps et de la durée remonte au tout début de l’espèce humaine, et a nourri la réf1exion des penseurs païens comme des auteurs bibliques: S. Augustin, méditant à la fois sur ce monde sublunaire qui passe, et sur l’éternité de Dieu que partagera l’âme humaine, a consacré des pages prégnantes à l’énigme ou, plus exactement, au mystère du temps. Depuis son époque, notre saisie du temps s’est énormément modifiée: l’homme sait mesurer la durée jusqu’aux fractions de seconde, et les “4000 ans” que l’on mettait entre Adam et le Christ sont devenus des millions de siécles. L’espace lui-même est colonisé par le temps, puisque les distances interstellaires se calculent en années-lumières. Ce progrès de la chronomètrie et de la paléontologie alimente et renouvelle la réflexion; Ia moisson ici engrangée documente l’ubiquité du thème dans la littérature contemporaine.
The Silent Witness of Montrelais
Authors: Eastell Kevin
Published: January 2017

The writing of Thomas More’s A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation is set against the background of the complex political situation of Europe in the early 16th century. In this survey, the internal European power struggles are explored and the external Muslim threat is discussed. Using the stained-glass east window within the church of Montrelais, France, as an illustration, the author examines the detailed commentary provided by this primary source evidence, installed within the building in 1535. The exploration includes the political and theological elements present in the work, along with the compositional significance of its artistic design. An appreciation is made of this remarkable window about the times of tribulation its construction witnessed, with its depictions of François I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and Henry VIII.
Superconductivity in uranium ferromagnets
Authors: Mineev V P
Published: January 2017

The theoretical description and survey of the physical properties of superconducting states in uranium ferromagnetic materials are presented. On the basis of microscopic theory, we show that the coupling between electrons in these ferromagnetic metals by means of magnetization fluctuations gives rise to a triplet-pairing superconducting state, and establish the general form of the order parameter dictated by symmetry. The theory allows explaining some specific observations, including the peculiar phenomenon of reentrant superconductivity in UrhGe in a magnetic field perpendicular to the spontaneous magnetization direction. In addition, we describe several particular topics related to uranium superconducting ferromagnets: (i) critical magnetic relaxation in dual localized-itinerant ferromagnets, (ii) phase transition to the ferromagnetic state in a Fermi liquid and UGe2, (iii) superconducting ordering in ferromagnetic metals without an inversion center.
X-ray microscopy
Authors: Lider V V
Published: January 2017

X-ray microscopy is a technique for obtaining realspace two- or three-dimensional images of an object using elements of the focusing optics. In this paper, various types of microscopes are reviewed and their applicability is examined; methods for obtaining image contrast are discussed, and avenues for the further development of X-ray microscopy are outlined.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Buildings in 2016
Authors:   Buildings Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Buildings would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Between Institutions and Global Forces: Norwegian Wage Formation Since Industrialisation
Authors: Nymoen Ragnar
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the development of labour market institutions in Norway, shows how labour market regulation has been related to the macroeconomic development, and presents dynamic econometric models of nominal and real wages. Single equation and multi-equation models are reported. The econometric modelling uses a new data set with historical time series of wages and prices, unemployment and labour productivity. Impulse indicator saturation is used to achieve robust estimation of focus parameters, and the breaks are interpreted in the light of the historical overview. A relatively high degree of constancy of the key parameters of the wage setting equation is documented, over a considerably longer historical time period than earlier studies have done. The evidence is consistent with the view that the evolving system of collective labour market regulation over long periods has delivered a certain necessary level of coordination of wage and price setting. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that global forces have been at work for a long time, in a way that links real wages to productivity trends in the same way as in countries with very different institutions and macroeconomic development.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Electronics in 2016
Authors:   Electronics Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Electronics would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Future Internet in 2016
Authors:   Future Internet Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Future Internet would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of JMSE in 2016
Authors:   JMSE Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of JMSE would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next MDPI publication and can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Additionally, reviewers can sign up to the service Publons (https://publons.com) to receive recognition. Of course, in these initiatives we are careful not to compromise reviewer confidentiality. Many reviewers see their work as a voluntary and often unseen part of their role as researchers. We are grateful to the time reviewers donate to our journals and the contribution they make.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Magnetochemistry in 2016
Authors:   Magnetochemistry Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Magnetochemistry would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Non-Coding RNA in 2016
Authors:   Non-Coding RNA Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Non‐Coding RNA would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016.[...]
Partial Immunoblotting of 2D-Gels: A Novel Method to Identify Post-Translationally Modified Proteins Exemplified for the Myelin Acetylome
Authors: Kusch Kathrin , Uecker Marina , Liepold Thomas , Möbius Wiebke , Hoffmann Christian , Neumann Heinz , Werner Hauke , Jahn Olaf
Published: January 2017

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in regulating protein function, yet their identification is technically demanding. Here, we present a straightforward workflow to systematically identify post-translationally modified proteins based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Upon colloidal Coomassie staining the proteins are partially transferred, and the investigated PTMs are immunodetected. This strategy allows tracking back the immunopositive antigens to the corresponding spots on the original gel, from which they are excised and mass spectrometrically identified. Candidate proteins are validated on the same membrane by immunodetection using a second fluorescence channel. We exemplify the power of partial immunoblotting with the identification of lysine-acetylated proteins in myelin, the oligodendroglial membrane that insulates neuronal axons. The excellent consistency of the detected fluorescence signals at all levels allows the differential comparison of PTMs across multiple conditions. Beyond PTM screening, our multi-level workflow can be readily adapted to clinical applications such as identifying auto-immune antigens or host-pathogen interactions.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Risks in 2016
Authors:   Risks Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Risks would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Sports in 2016
Authors:   Sports Editorial Office
Published: January 2017

The editors of Sports would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2016. [...]
The synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates and α-aryl-α-aminophosphine oxides by the microwave-assisted Pudovik reaction
Authors: Bálint Erika , Tajti Ádám , Ádám Anna , Csontos István , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Czugler Mátyás , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter , Keglevich György
Published: January 2017

A family of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates and α-aryl-α-aminophosphine oxides was synthesized by the microwave-assisted solvent-free addition of dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide, respectively, to imines formed from benzaldehyde derivatives and primary amines. After optimization, the reactivity was mapped, and the fine mechanism was evaluated by DFT calculations. Two α-aminophosphonates were subjected to an X-ray study revealing a racemic dimer formation made through a N–H···O=P intermolecular hydrogen bridges pair.
SUBCULTURE’S CREATIVITY AS AN IDENTITY FORMATION MECHANISM / SUBKULTŪROS KŪRYBIŠKUMAS KAIP TAPATUMO FORMAVIMOSI MECHANIZMAS
Authors: SAUTKIN Aleksander
Published: January 2017

This article is about the present day value transformation of Western European civilization, happening through production of alternative models of identification in different subcultures. Subcultural creativity is reviewed as an important differentiating factor of the previous ideological integrity, turning into some contradicting parts. We made an emphasis on black metal subculture, which actively sets itself in opposition to the dominant culture. The main ideological sources of black metal subculture are The Satanic Bible by Anton LaVey and neo-paganism. The analysis reveals that neo-paganism is a more important identification factor of the rebels coming out against the dominant culture, than their commitment to LaVey’s ideas, which align quite well with the goals and aims of the late capitalist society. In black metal subculture neo-paganism sometimes combines with extreme right-wing ideologies, transferring anti-Christian nihilism, adolescent misanthropy, and aesthetical radicalism into political aspect.
W.S. Merwin’s The Folding Cliffs : Epic Poetry as Postcolonial Revision
Authors: Palleau-Papin Françoise
Published: January 2017

Merwin s’inspire des romances médiévales, parmi plusieurs influences dont celle de la Bible, afin de restituer la vision endogène des Hawaiiens de souche et inscrire ainsi dans une tradition épique nouvelle « l’impératif d’autonomie et d’autarcie » qui, selon lui, serait le propre du poème long. Désireux de subvertir l’impérialisme colonisateur, Merwin s’inspire de la tradition de la poésie épique ancienne pour écrire l’histoire de la colonisation des îles du Pacifique sud et celle de la culture indigène de Kauai au xix e siècle, à un tournant de son histoire qu’Édouard Glissant appelle la « digenèse ».
Les innovations dans le secteur du médicament
Authors: Collet Lionel
Published: January 2017

Sur la période 2012-2017, le traitement anti-viral de l’hépatite C, l’immunothérapie dans les formes avancées des mélanomes et des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules et la vaccination contre la dengue ont constitué des innovations majeures dans le secteur du médicament, guérissant, prévenant ou améliorant le pronostic de ces pathologies. Ces progrès incontestables ont conduit les pouvoirs publics à prendre des mesures spécifiques pour garantir la soutenabilité de notre système de soins. La diplomatie sanitaire française a également mis en avant le vaccin contre la dengue dans ses relations avec les pays endémiques.
Une politique d’assurance maladie ambivalente
Authors: Tabuteau Didier
Published: January 2017

D’importantes réformes ont été menées de 2012 à 2016 en matière de protection sociale contre la maladie. Elles témoignent d’une volonté de restauration économique de l’assurance maladie obligatoire. Elles ont également procédé à une transformation paradoxale de la protection sociale en instituant la protection universelle maladie (Puma) tout en développant une protection complémentaire attachée au travail, susceptible de menacer l’universalité de l’assurance maladie.