bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Physical Activity Just-in-time Adaptive Intervention Designed in Partnership With a Predominantly Black Community: Virtual, Community-Based Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Robles Maria Cielito , Newman Mark W , Doshi Aalap , Bailey Sarah , Huang Linde , Choi Soo Ji , Kurien Chris , Merid Beza , Cowdery Joan , Golbus Jessica R , Huang Christopher , Dorsch Michael P , Nallamothu Brahmajee , Skolarus Lesli E
Published: December 2021

Background

Black people are disproportionally impacted by hypertension. New approaches for encouraging healthy lifestyles are needed to reduce hypertension and promote health equity in Black communities.

Objective

In this report, we describe the early-stage, virtual design of a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to increase physical activity in partnership with members of a low-income, predominantly Black community.

Methods

The hallmark of JITAIs is highly contextualized mobile app push notifications. Thus, understanding participants' context and determinants of physical activity are critical. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted virtual discovery interviews and analysis guided by the Behavior Change Wheel (which focuses on participants' capacity, opportunity, and motivation to engage in physical activity), as well as empathy mapping. We then formed a community-academic participatory design team that partnered in the design sprint, storyboarding, and paper prototyping.

Results

For this study, 5 community members participated in the discovery interviews, 12 stakeholders participated in the empathy mapping, 3 community members represented the community on the design team, and 10 community members provided storyboard or paper prototyping feedback. Only one community member had used videoconferencing prior to partnering with the academic team, and none had design experience. A set of 5 community-academic partner design principles were created: (1) keep users front and center, (2) tailor to the individual, (3) draw on existing motivation, (4) make physical activity feel approachable, and (5) make data collection transparent yet unobtrusive. To address community-specific barriers, the community-academic design team decided that mobile app push notifications will be tailored to participants’ baseline mobility level and community resources (eg, local parks and events). Push notifications will also be tailored based on the day (weekday versus weekend), time of day, and weather. Motivation will be enhanced via adaptive goal setting with supportive feedback and social support via community-generated notifications.

Conclusions

We completed early-stage virtual design of a JITAI in partnership with community participants and a community design team with limited design and videoconferencing experience. We found that designing JITAIs with the community enables these interventions to address community-specific needs, which may lead to a more meaningful impact on users' health.
Availability and Suitability of Digital Health Tools in Africa for Pandemic Control: Scoping Review and Cluster Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Silenou Bernard C , Nyirenda John L Z , Zaghloul Ahmed , Lange Berit , Doerrbecker Juliane , Schenkel Karl , Krause Gérard
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Gaining oversight into the rapidly growing number of mobile health tools for surveillance or outbreak management in Africa has become a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to map the functional portfolio of mobile health tools used for surveillance or outbreak management of communicable diseases in Africa.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review by combining data from a systematic review of the literature and a telephone survey of experts. We applied the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching for articles published between January 2010 and December 2020. In addition, we used the respondent-driven sampling method and conducted a telephone survey from October 2019 to February 2020 among representatives from national public health institutes from all African countries. We combined the findings and used a hierarchical clustering method to group the tools based on their functionalities (attributes).

RESULTS

We identified 30 tools from 1914 publications and 45 responses from 52% (28/54) of African countries. Approximately 13% of the tools (4/30; Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System, Go.Data, CommCare, and District Health Information Software 2) covered 93% (14/15) of the identified attributes. Of the 30 tools, 17 (59%) tools managed health event data, 20 (67%) managed case-based data, and 28 (97%) offered a dashboard. Clustering identified 2 exceptional attributes for outbreak management, namely contact follow-up (offered by 8/30, 27%, of the tools) and transmission network visualization (offered by Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System and Go.Data).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a large range of tools in use; however, most of them do not offer a comprehensive set of attributes, resulting in the need for public health workers having to use multiple tools in parallel. Only 13% (4/30) of the tools cover most of the attributes, including those most relevant for response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as laboratory interface, contact follow-up, and transmission network visualization.

CLINICALTRIAL
Evaluation of Patient-Initiated Direct Care Mobile Phone–Based Teledermatology During The COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sharma Priyanka , Thami G P , Sethi Maninder , Kakar Shruti
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

With advances in telecommunication, especially smartphones, teledermatology services offered by specialists are now being directly requested by the patients themselves. This model is known as patient-initiated, direct care teledermatology. It has been pushed to the forefront due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to determine patients’ satisfaction and dermatologists’ confidence when a diagnosis was made via direct care mobile phone–based teledermatology.

METHODS

Patients availing direct care teledermatology services during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center were subjected to a questionnaire within 5 days of the teleconsultation to assess patient satisfaction and opinions regarding using this model during and beyond the current COVID-19 pandemic. The dermatologists rated their confidence in making the clinical diagnosis on a scale from 1-10 for every case.

RESULTS

Of 437 participants, 419 (95.9%) were satisfied with this mode of teledermatology. An overwhelming majority (n=428, 97.9%) felt safe consulting the dermatologist via teleconsultation and not having to visit the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 269 (61.6%) patients agreed that they would be happy to use a teledermatology service beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The dermatologists’ confidence score in making an accurate diagnosis ranged from 3 to 10, with a mean of 9.20 (SD 1.12).

CONCLUSIONS

The high levels of patient satisfaction and dermatologists’ confidence scores indicate that direct care mobile phone–based teledermatology may be a useful tool in providing dermatological services in appropriate settings and its use should continue to be explored beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Crusted Scabies as a Suitable Disease for Teledermatology: A Study of 2 Cases (Preprint)
Authors: Bimbi César , Dalla Lana Daiane Flores , Brzezinski Piotr , Kyriakou Georgia
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Teledermatology has been available for several years now, but the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted its importance, especially in remote communities. Crusted scabies (CS) presents a unique clinical picture that favors telediagnosis. Patients with neurological diseases, as well as homeless, HIV-infected patients and people with impaired immunological function, are at risk. Clusters of CS have been reported in French Guyana, and these were associated with human T-lymphotropic virus infections. CS has also been reported in Aboriginal Australian communities.

OBJECTIVE

Teledermatology is especially useful in cases of CS, as it is a disease that affects areas that are in need of medical services. At the same time, CS presents a unique clinical picture. The objective of this presentation is to fuel the clinical suspicion and detection of patients with this debilitating condition.

METHODS

Relatives of patient 1 contacted our clinic for teledermatology appointments. General practitioners from health services sent images of the second patient.

RESULTS

Case 1 involved an older woman living in a nursing home with Alzheimer disease, which was severe enough to constrain her to bed. We recommended that her relatives (who had sent images) collect skin scrapings in a container. These scrapings were sent to a clinical analysis laboratory where microscopic potassium hydroxide preparation revealed the presence of Sarcoptes mites. Treatment with oral ivermectin and topical permethrin resulted in the complete resolution of the lesions. Case 2 involved a homeless, HIV-positive, 42-year-old male. The images were sent by clinicians from local health services. This patient was also treated with oral ivermectin and permethrin lotion. We recognize that this case would need further diagnostic workup, but it is highly indicative of CS.

CONCLUSIONS

CS is one of the most suited diseases for the practice of teledermatology for widespread, large, hyperkeratotic fissured plaques covered with abundant, silvery scales for which the expression “once seen, never forgotten” is highly applicable. These cases are gratifyingly simple to treat, and patients benefit from rapid clinical improvement. Prompt diagnoses prevent outbreaks of scabies for relatives and medical personnel, since these skin crusts contain large numbers of scabies mites. CS has been increasingly reported but poorly recognized, and it has often been misdiagnosed as psoriasis. Images, such as those shown in this presentation, are unique and are enough to raise strong clinical suspicion.
Explainability of Convolutional Neural Networks for Dermatological Diagnosis (Preprint)
Authors: Jalaboi Raluca , Orbes Arteaga Mauricio , Richter Jørgensen Dan , Manole Ionela , Bozdog Oana Ionescu , Chiriac Andrei , Winther Ole , Galimzianova Alfiia
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are regarded as state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) tools for dermatological diagnosis, and they have been shown to achieve expert-level performance when trained on a representative dataset. CNN explainability is a key factor to adopting such techniques in practice and can be achieved using attention maps of the network. However, evaluation of CNN explainability has been limited to visual assessment and remains qualitative, subjective, and time consuming.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to provide a framework for an objective quantitative assessment of the explainability of CNNs for dermatological diagnosis benchmarks.

METHODS

We sourced 566 images available under the Creative Commons license from two public datasets—DermNet NZ and SD-260, with reference diagnoses of acne, actinic keratosis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, viral warts, and vitiligo. Eight dermatologists with teledermatology expertise annotated each clinical image with a diagnosis, as well as diagnosis-supporting characteristics and their localization. A total of 16 supporting visual characteristics were selected, including basic terms such as macule, nodule, papule, patch, plaque, pustule, and scale, and additional terms such as closed comedo, cyst, dermatoglyphic disruption, leukotrichia, open comedo, scar, sun damage, telangiectasia, and thrombosed capillary. The resulting dataset consisted of 525 images with three rater annotations for each. Explainability of two fine-tuned CNN models, ResNet-50 and EfficientNet-B4, was analyzed with respect to the reference explanations provided by the dermatologists. Both models were pretrained on the ImageNet natural image recognition dataset and fine-tuned using 3214 images of the six target skin conditions obtained from an internal clinical dataset. CNN explanations were obtained as activation maps of the models through gradient-weighted class-activation maps. We computed the fuzzy sensitivity and specificity of each characteristic attention map with regard to both the fuzzy gold standard characteristic attention fusion masks and the fuzzy union of all characteristics.

RESULTS

On average, explainability of EfficientNet-B4 was higher than that of ResNet-50 in terms of sensitivity for 13 of 16 supporting characteristics, with mean values of 0.24 (SD 0.07) and 0.16 (SD 0.05), respectively. However, explainability was lower in terms of specificity, with mean values of 0.82 (SD 0.03) and 0.90 (SD 0.00) for EfficientNet-B4 and ResNet-50, respectively. All measures were within the range of corresponding interrater metrics.

CONCLUSIONS

We objectively benchmarked the explainability power of dermatological diagnosis models through the use of expert-defined supporting characteristics for diagnosis.
Parents' perspectives on their relationship with adolescents with Internet addiction (Preprint)
Authors: Horita Hideki , Seki Yoichi , Shimizu Eiji
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Background: Parents of adolescents with Internet addiction are confronted with their children' Internet problems on a daily basis. Parents may notice that adolescents with addiction may also have emotional and behavioral problems including impulsivity and violence. Parenting styles have been found to be related to Internet addiction.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to investigate parents' perspectives on their parenting style, relationship with their child, and the degree of internet addiction, emotional and behavioral problems of their child.

METHODS

A web-survey was conducted with 600 parents of children between the ages of 12 and 17. Respondents were recruited through an internet research company and were asked to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey was divided into two groups: 300 parents who answered "yes" to the question "Do you think your child is dependent on the Internet?" and 300 parents who answered "no." Questionnaires were collected until each group had 300 participants. The questionnaire included the (1) Parent-Child Internet Addiction Test (PCIAT), (2) Daily time spent using Internet, (3) Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), (4) Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and (5) Self-Report Attachment Style Prototypes (Relationship Questionnaire (RQ)).

RESULTS

Mean scores of PCIAT and daily time spent using Internet of group with Internet addiction were significantly higher than those of the group without Internet addiction, respectively. Total difficulty score (TDS) in the SDQ of group with Internet addiction were significantly higher than that of the group without Internet addiction. Mean score of authoritarian parenting in PSDQ of group with Internet addiction were significantly higher than that of the group without Internet addiction. In RQ, there was no significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that parent who think their child is addicted to the Internet may recognize emotional and behavioral problems of the child and have an authoritarian parenting style.
Патогенетичні механізми сенсоневральної втрати слуху в пацієнтів з COVID-19 і методи їх корекції
Authors: Trishinska M.A. , Kononov O.Ye.
Published: December 2021

У статті описані основні патогенетичні механізми розвитку гострої сенсоневральної втрати слуху, у тому числі інфекційного генезу. Розглянуто можливі чинники й механізми розвитку сенсоневральної втрати слуху на фоні коронавірусної інфекції, спричиненої вірусом SARS-CoV-2. Описані випадки зниження слуху в пацієнтів з COVID-19. Наведений патогенетично обґрунтований терапевтичний підхід у лікуванні таких пацієнтів, що заснований на оптимізації ацетилхолінової нейромедіації в структурах головного мозку, які беруть участь у проведенні й сприйнятті слухового імпульсу.
Ураження нервової системи в пацієнта із синдромом Еді (клінічний випадок)
Authors: Sidelkovskiy A.L.
Published: December 2021

Синдром Еді (Adie-Holmes), або синдром тонічної зіниці, — стан, що характеризується тріадою основних симптомів: одностороннім тонічним розширенням зіниці, парезом акомодації з відсутністю або значним зменшенням реакції зіниці на світло і зниженням сухожильних рефлексів. В основі захворювання лежить порушення функції парасимпатичної нервової системи. Синдром виникає внаслідок ураження циліарного ганглія, що забезпечує парасимпатичну іннервацію м’яза зіниці (m. sphincter pupillae), рогівки й оболонки очного яблука. Нерідко стан супроводжується порушенням функції спінальних гангліїв і, як наслідок, вегетативною дисфункцією у вигляді розладу потовиділення, зазвичай на одній стороні тіла, рідше — розладом серцевого ритму, лабільністю артеріального тиску. Частий супутник синдрому Еді — відсутність або зниження колінних рефлексів, рідше — ахіллових. Етіологія захворювання остаточно не з’ясована, не виключений бактеріальний або вірусний чинник. Діагностика синдрому Еді переважно заснована на клінічному зіставленні симптомів захворювання, а також на ретельному й всебічному огляді нейроофтальмолога з обов’язковим проведенням тестування зіничних реакцій за допомогою низьких доз пілокарпіну (характерне звуження зіниці). Незважаючи на позитивний прогноз щодо життя хворого і його працездатності, стан належить до групи складнокурабельних, а лікування зводиться до симптоматичної корекції зору.
Strategi Promosi Pariwisata Dalam Rangka Mempertahankan Objek Wisata Bamboo Rafting Loksado Dimasa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif pada Dinas Pemuda Olahraga dan Pariwisata Hulu Sungai Selatan)
Authors: Hidayatur Rafiqoh Putri Ayu
Published: December 2021

The Covid 19 pandemic has had a major impact on Indonesia's tourism sector, including Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS) Regency in South Kalimantan Province. HSS Regency has a potential tourist attraction that is a mainstay of South Kalimantan, namely the Bamboo Rafting Loksado tour. After having stopped operating due to the pandemic for 8 months, this tour was reopened by making changes to its operational system. This study aims to describe the tourism promotion strategy carried out by DISPORAPAR HSS in maintaining Bamboo Rafting tourism objects during the pandemic using descriptive qualitative research methods. DISPORAPAR HSS, which houses this tourist attraction, has compiled strategic steps to promote safe tourism for visitors by socializing the implementation of national health protocol standards and health protocol standards based on the Indonesian Rafting Federation using educational videos on new normal tours, inviting local people to participate in supporting new normal tourism, using social media facilities as an effective and efficient means of promotion, and continuing to carry out evaluation stages to realize Bamboo Rafting tourism objects to attract visitors again.
Disponibilidade nutricional e segurança alimentar no Brasil entre os anos de 2000 a 2014
Authors: Paiva Pedro Henrique de Abreu , Ramires Thiago Gentil , Prado Danielle Gonçalves de Oliveira , Nakamura Luiz Ricardo
Published: December 2021

A segurança alimentar, disponibilidade de alimentos eagropecuária no Brasil estão estritamente ligados. Em um país que saiu,em 2014, do mapa da fome, considerar as variáveis mencionadas é deextrema importância para a elaboração de políticas públicas e fomentoà indústria de alimentos. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar aevolução da disponibilidade nutricional e segurança alimentar apartir do ano de 2000 até 2014. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma pesquisadescritiva com análise de dados de fontes secundárias da Organizaçãodas Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO) e daPesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios realizada pelo InstitutoBrasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados indicaramque a insuficiência nutricional diminuiu no período analisado e aoferta de alimentos superou a necessidade média diária dos brasileiros.Ainda assim, existia uma insuficiência média de catorze quilocaloriaspor pessoa ao dia. A segurança alimentar também aumentou de 2004para 2013. Com tudo isso, a população brasileira passou a ter melhorescondições nutricional/alimentar. Cabe destacar que ainda existe umgrau de insegurança e incerteza em relação ao futuro, no que tangea suficiência de fatores que propiciem o bom desenvolvimentonutricional dos indivíduos brasileiros.
ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ СТАНДАРТНЫХ СВЧ-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПО-РУССКИ: КАК ПОДРУЖИТЬ СРПП С JEDEC?
Authors: Красовицкий Д. , Филаретов А. , Фазылханов О. , Чалый В.
Published: December 2021

Приведен сравнительный анализ методологии и нормативной базы в области разработки и постановки на производство СВЧ ЭКБ за рубежом и в России. Предложены решения, позволяющие совместить алгоритмы разработки, рекомендованные в JEDEC, с отечественной нормативной базой.
Effect of Temperature Variation on Oil in Oscillation of Mass/Load
Authors: Mujeeb Mohammed Aman
Published: December 2021

Abstract: In this investigation a model was made to replicate the working of a shock absorber and the liquid that is used in place of the hydraulic fluid was vegetable oil. Hydraulic fluid is composed of a mineral oil base stock [1]. The working of the model of a shock absorber was tested at different temperatures. It is studied that the relation between the temperature and the time taken by the load attached to the spring to stop oscillating and presented in graph. An optimum temperature, at which the time taken by the mass of 1.50 kilograms suspended in the vegetable oil to stop oscillating and it is the least mass used in the study. In addition to this, the freezing point of the vegetable oil will also be found. It is found in this study that the two variables that is temperature of the vegetable oil and the mass of 1.5 kilograms at rest is linear. Keywords: Temperature Variation, Oil, Oscillation, Mass, Load.
Macrofauna evaluation in two coffee agroforestry systems
Authors: Navia Jorge Fernando , Delgado-Gualmatan Wilmer Libey , Lagos-Burbano Tulio César
Published: December 2021

Knowing the soil macrofauna and its distribution is important to predict the degradation state of a soil as well as its physical properties and biological components. This research was carried out in coffee ecotopes 220A and 221A in southern Colombia. Two systems were evaluated, Coffea arabica var Castillo and native forest coffee, during two different seasons, winter and summer. Sampling was carried out using the tropical soil biology and fertility program (TSBF) methodology. The statistical treatment was carried out by means of a non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Wall test. The density of orders present per square meter was evaluated, demonstrating that the highest density occurred in the winter season in the ecotope 220A and 221A forest system, with averages of 9.33 orders/ m2 and 9.67 orders/ m2, respectively. The highest number of density of individuals was obtained in winter, in the forest system and coffee in the 220A and 221A ecotopes with averages ranging between 1808 individuals/ m2 and 1368 individuals/ m2, statistically exceeding the number of individuals/ m2 that appeared in summer season. For biomass, the highest contribution was obtained in the winter season, with averages of 186.5 grams/ m2 in the 220A ecotope and 205.74 grams/ m2 for the 221A ecotope, exceeding the biomass that was presented in coffee winter season time, both in the 220A and 221A ecotopes.
Variedad controlada: el caso de las escuelas prefabricadas de FDE en el estado de São Paulo en la década de 2000
Authors: Guidoux-Gonzaga Mario
Published: December 2021

During the first decade of the 21st century, São Paulo's State Government, in Brazil, promoted the construction of a series of schools designed by different local architectural firms, using a system of prefabricated pieces that allowed adapting the projects to the sites and demands of each region, keeping the budget under control. This initiative allowed building dozens of buildings, relieving the school deficit of the most impoverished regions of the state and promoting the construction of public buildings with great social impact by a whole generation of architects. This paper presents the Prefabricated Schools Program guidelines, promoted by the Foundation for the Development of Education (FDE, in Portuguese) illustrating it with seven projects that showcase the architectural richness achieved by the firms.
Arquitectura común: aprendiendo de los habitantes y sus prácticas cotidianas
Authors: Lange-Valdés Carlos , Amigo-Ahumada María Jesus
Published: December 2021

Over the last decade it has been possible to see growing ties between several architectural groups and urban communities located mainly in territories marked by decay, informality, and inequality. This process has generated a progressive recognition of the value that the daily practices of inhabitants and their communities have in the production of new ways of living, which poses new challenges for the development of the area. Starting from a description and analysis of a neighborhood improvement experience, self-managed by the inhabitants, this article addresses this challenge by proposing the formation of a common architecture, understood as a process of production of spatiality, supported by communalization dynamics that are open to new learnings that incorporate the everyday knowledge of the inhabitants and their communities.
Construcción comunitaria a partir de la resignificación de lugares de culto. Una propuesta para las franjas urbanas de América Latina
Authors: Romero-Torres Edwin Alexander , Ovalle-Garay Jairo Hernán
Published: December 2021

The urban fringes of Latin American cities are the result of the accelerated growth that entails the formation of new settlements, that do not meet the basic needs of their inhabitants, and where the facilities have lost their meaning as a space to build the social and urban fabric. Starting from this problem, this text addresses the development of a place of worship that incorporates the concept of device as a piece of social articulation. The proposal starts from the analysis and diagnosis of the area and proposes two intervention scales under the “option generator model” (Carvajalino-Bayona, 1985) framework. The first consists of the improvement of the neighborhood in its main urban structures, while the second consists of the development of the architectural project that integrates worship activities with the dynamics of the neighborhood, from a multifunctional perspective. In this sense, urban relationships are strengthened, but at the same time, give continuity to the reflection raised from the design, where the participatory process is an opportunity to build dialogue and social fabric between the players involved, which in this case are part of communities in conditions of vulnerability.
Identidad e inclusión. Los conjuntos habitacionales realizados por el arquitecto chileno Luciano Kulczewski (1922-1956)
Authors: Harris-Diez Ronald
Published: December 2021

Luciano Kulczewski was a professional who played a key and distinctive role in the first half of the 20th century, a period considered as crucial for the development of Chilean architecture, since it is the moment that brought the advent of modernity to the country. One of the most eloquent illustrations in this regard is the corpus, that collects more than a dozen housing complexes aimed for the middle and the working classes. Today, we recognize in these solutions not just the fact that they are in sync with the web of social, political, cultural, and economic processes that characterized the beginnings of the past century in Chile, but that they also have, among their most notable merits, having been conceived in terms of what we would understand today by “inclusion”. This article seeks to investigate these parameters, which range from urban proposals - that approached the city in "inclusive" terms - inasmuch as they did not push for these housing proposals to be in the metropolitan peripheries - to more particular issues, such as the stylistic management of homes as a tool to serve identity causes, in order to achieve the integration of the user with their environment.
Eurasian Demotia: Formation of the Concept of Self-government
Authors: Shabaga Andrey V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines one of the key concepts of the Eurasianists - demotia. Despite its theoretical significance, the concept of demotia, like many other Eurasian concepts, has not been developed in detail. Meanwhile, demotia, as a concept proposing new principles of self-government, is of special interest and still has a certain practical potential. In Russia, the introduction of the beginnings of local self-government is associated with the Great Reforms of Alexander II. However, the acquired rights were deemed insufficient. Of the constructive criticism of reforms in the sphere of self-government, the most consistent was the theory of A.I. Herzen (communal socialism). It was in it that the Eurasians saw the basis for the future organization of the Eurasian space, which received its form in the concept of demotia. The article examines the views of a number of Eurasians on demotia. According to their views, demotia is the most important principle of self-government, which implements the method of organic representation of the people at all levels of government (N.N. Alekseev); being a Eurasian demotic system - ί, it is fundamentally different from the Western democratic - ί (Ya.D. Sadovsky). They also pointed to the political homogeneity of the demotic system, which was seen as a huge advantage over the multiparty democratic system of the West (N.S. Trubetskoy). As a result of the study, it is concluded that demotia was a necessary part of the ideocracy-demotia construct, actively promoted in the works of the Eurasians, as a project to create a truly classless and harmonious society. Demotia combines the idea of the Eurasian nationality (the circle of traditional ideas of the Eurasian peoples) and the principle of direct democracy, which reconciles the idea of an ethnos as a people as a whole with its traditional ideas and specific ways of being and the idea of a demos as a political people.
Application of Due Process in Recruitment and Selection of Personnel into the Federal Civil Service. Part 1
Authors: Anayochukwu Ani V. , Anayochukwu Grace I.
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the constraint to the effective application of due process in the recruitment and selection of personnel into the federal civil service. Four objectives and four research questions guided the study. A sampling technique was used in carrying out the work. A total number of three hundred (300) respondents were used for the study. The instruments for data collection were a questionnaire and observation checklist. Three hundred (300) copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the staff of the Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC), Abuja and two hundred and seventy-six (276) were returned representing a 92% return rate. The frequency table and Mean were the statistical measures employed for the data analysis. The findings revealed that there were no strategies or methods of recruitment and selection of staff into the federal civil service. However, the findings also revealed that practices such as political interference and corruption during recruitment and selection in federal civil service tend to undermine the principle of due process. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the federal civil service commission should formulate sound policies and practices that will minimize the degree of politicization and corruption in the recruitment and selection of staff into the federal civil service; make use of modern sources and techniques of recruitment and selection such as, E-recruitment process and Information Communication Technology (ICT)-based selection resources as their source of recruitment and selection; and develop strategies or methods that will result in the effective application of due process in their recruitment and selection exercises.
The Role of Public Participation in Governance towards Achieving Sustainable Development. Part 1
Authors: Nyarangaa Maurice S. , Hao Chen , Hongo Duncan O.
Published: December 2021

Public participation aimed at improving the effectiveness of governance by involving citizens in governance policy formulation and decision-making processes. It was designed to promote transparency, accountability and effectiveness of any modern government. Although Kenya has legally adopted public participation in day-to-day government activities, challenges still cripple its effectiveness as documented by several scholars. Instead of reducing conflicts between the government and the public, it has heightened witnessing so many petitions of government missing on priorities in terms of development and government policies. Results show that participation weakly relates with governance hence frictions sustainable development. Theoretically, public participation influences governance efficiency and development, directly and indirectly, thus sustainable development policy and implementation depends on Public participation and good governance. However, an effective public participation in governance is has been fractioned by the government. Instead of being a promoter/sponsor of public participation, the government of Kenya has failed to put structures that would spur participation of citizens in policy making and other days to activities. This has brought about wrong priority setting and misappropriation of public resources; The government officials and political class interference ultimately limit public opinion and input effects on decision-making and policy formulation, which might be an inner factor determining the failure of public participation in Kenya. The study suggests the need for strengthening public participation by establishing an independent institution to preside over public participation processes.
Cooperative Governance and Local Economic Development in Selected Small Towns: A Case Study of the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Kamara Richard D.
Published: December 2021

This article reports on a study based on cooperative governance and Local Economic Development (LED) in selected small towns in the Western Cape Province. The dearth of an integrative institutional framework to promote collaborative participation negatively influences local municipalities ability to successfully manage LED cooperatively with relevant stakeholders. Promoting such inclusive representation and participation of all relevant stakeholders provides a viable and complementary alternative to the traditional bureaucratic governance mechanism. The study investigated the specific factors involved in designing and implementing cooperative governance for LED in selected, comparable municipalities in the Western Cape. Specifically, the study aims to determine the push and pull factors for the successful functioning of cooperative governance aimed at promoting LED in those municipalities. Data were collected through three data collection instruments, namely, document review, interviews, and focus group discussions. The document review is complemented by data from interviews and focus groups discussion. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on cooperative governance by identifying the specific cooperative governance factors, enabling the efficacy and governance of LED in small towns, aimed at positively influencing municipalities ability to successfully manage LED cooperatively with relevant stakeholders. An in-depth understanding of the relationship and dynamics of these variables helps to offer recommendations as to how to improve the management and responsiveness to socio-economic concerns within the municipalities through improved LED governance.
The Regional Role of Russia after Military Aid to Syria
Authors: Al-Qteishat Ahmad Saher Ahmad
Published: December 2021

One of the most important goals of Russian foreign policy during Vladimir Putins presidency is to strengthen Russian influence in the Caucasus region and Central Asia, as well as to develop relations with such countries as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The Russian government has always expressed concern about the so-called color revolutions that took place in Ukraine, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan, as well as the fact that many of them were supported by Western forces. Russia believes that the events of the Arab Spring are in some way similar to the aforementioned revolutions, and that with the support of the West they could bring Islamists to power, which is a dangerous model not only for the countries of the region and the countries neighboring Russia, but also for Russia itself. For these reasons, in the Syrian conflict, Moscow sought to preserve the Assad regime, because believes that the Western model in solving regional problems can lead to the general chaos, like it was, for example, in the Iraqi and Libyan models. Despite the difficulties faced by government officials in Syria since the beginning of the civil war, and thanks to Russian military assistance and reforms, Syria preserved the legitimate regime and did not allow destroying all state institutions. Participation in the Syrian conflict brought Russia a significant role in the region and allowed it to become a successful mediator in most regional issues, as well as to strengthen its economic and political relations with the most important players in the region, as Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Análise da movimentação de dentes de próteses totais polimerizadas com energia de microondas em função da sorção de água: influência da pressão e temperatura
Authors: Rizzatti-Barbosa Célia Marisa , Nadin Paulo Sérgio
Published: December 2021

The processing of denture base resins may originate dimensional changes that can alter the occlusal position of artificial teeth of the concluded prosthesis. The polymerization method and the water sorption property of the acrylic resin may cause these changes. Pressure, temperature, and time of water sorption may also have influence on the previous alterations. The aim of this research was to verify the alteration of buccal cusps position of first molars on marillary dentures, polymerized by water bath (9 hours at 76ºC) and microwave energy (3 min at 500W), regarding water sorption under different conditions of time, pressure, and temperature of water storage. Sixty dentures were waxed onto metal die simulating an edentulous maxilla and divided into 4 groups (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) of 15 samples each. Four different treatments, as follows, were applied to these samples: processing by water bath and stored in water under environmental pressure for 30 days at 37±2ºC (control -GI); processing by water bath and stored in water under 40 pounds for 1 hour at 60±2ºC (Gll): processing br microrwawe energy and stored in water under environmental pressure for 30 days at 37±2ºC(GIII): and processing by microware enerrgy and stored in water under 40 pounds for 1 hour at 60±2ºC (GIV). The degree diferences obtained between the pre and post water sorption were 0.65 for GI; 0.55 for GII; 0.83 for GIII, and -0.57 for GIV (p>0.05). There was significant alteration in the positioning of the artificial firth maxillary molars among the control and the treated storage groups, when cured by microwave energy or water bath.
Neighbors consistently influence growth and survival in a frequently burned savanna
Authors: Davis Mark , Condit Richard
Published: December 2021

Successful management of savannas is challenging and requires knowledge
of the causes and consequences of the spatial arrangement of the trees.
In savannas, trees are often aggregated, and the ability of trees within
the clumps to survive fires plays a significant role in determining the
savannas landscape dynamics. Whether or not a tree survives a fire is
often dependent on the nature of their interactions with neighboring
trees, positive or negative. In cases where disturbances are episodic,
detecting these interactions is only going to be possible through
long-term studies. Data reported here, from twenty-five years of annual
tree censusing of a large grid-plot in a frequently burned savanna,
showed consistent neighbor facilitated survival, irrespective as to
whether the neighbors were conspecifics or heterospecifics. The positive
interactions likely involve the reduction of both herbaceous and woody
fuel in denser sites, and possibly mycorrhizal sharing among nearby
trees.
Clinical Implications of Airway Anomalies and Stenosis in Patients with Heterotaxy Syndrome
Authors: Wu Mei-Hwan , Wang Ching-Chia , Wu En-Ting , Lu Frank , Chen Shyh-Jye
Published: December 2021

In heterotaxy syndrome, bronchopulmonary situs usually reflects atrial
situs, resulting in either right (RAI) or left atrial isomerism (LAI).
This study determines airway anomalies and its implications in patients
with heterotaxy. This retrospective study included 223 patients with
heterotaxy syndrome who received an integrated cardiac computed
tomography evaluation. Patient database from 1995 to 2020 was reviewed.
The patients were examined by a congenital heart disease team comprising
pediatric cardiologists, radiologists, pulmonologists, and
cardiovascular surgeons. Among the 223 patients, 189 (84.8%, M/F=1.66)
had RAI and 29 had LAI (13.0%, M/F=0.71). Five patients had
indeterminate isomerism (2.2%, M/F=1.5). Discordant bronchopulmonary
and atrial situs occurred in 4% patients, while discordant
bronchopulmonary, atrial, and splenic situs occurred in 23.2% patients.
Lower airway stenosis was observed in 61 patients (27.4%), including
27.5%, 20.7%, and 60% RAI, LAI, and indeterminate isomerism patients,
respectively (p=0.189). One patient had an intrinsic long segment lower
tracheal stenosis and received slide tracheoplasty. Initial cardiac
operation was performed in 213 patients. Higher surgical mortality
occurred in patients with RAI (19.5% vs. none for LAI and indeterminate
isomerism, p=0.038). In patients with RAI, lower airway anomaly/stenosis
increased the duration of ventilator usage (p=0.030) but did not affect
surgical mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return to systemic
veins and pulmonary venous stenosis were major surgical risk factors.
Bronchopulmonary isomerism shares a similar isomeric pattern to cardiac
atrial appendage. Lower airway anomalies/stenosis was common in patients
with heterotaxy, resulting in prolonged ventilator therapy in patients
with RAI.
MENSURANDO A GOVERNANÇA DE ORGANIZAÇÕES NÃO GOVERNAMENTAIS: PROPOSTA DE ÍNDICE DE GOVERNANÇA
Authors: Lacruz Adonai , Nossa Valcemiro , Rosa Lemos Katarina , De Andrade Guedes Thiago
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se propor um Índice de Governança para o Terceiro Setor (IGov3S) que expresse o perfil de governança das Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs). Para tanto, foram coletados dados de 108 ONGs do segmento meio ambiente com atuação no Brasil por meio de levantamento documental. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de correspondência múltipla (dimensões e pesos do IGov3S), análise de cluster (identificação dos níveis do IGov3S) e análise de variância com teste post-hoc Hochberg (validação do IGov3S).  Dessas análises, foram identificadas seis dimensões de governança, a partir das quais foi desenvolvido o IGov3S. Em seguida, foram apurados quatro perfis distintos de governança, resultando na classificação da qualidade do IGov3S em quatro níveis. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem contribuir com pesquisadores interessados nesta temática que podem se valer do IGov3S, como medida composta de governança no setor sem fins lucrativos, seja como variável dependente, independente ou de controle em seus estudos empíricos, contornando restrições metodológicas decorrentes da correlação entre os indicadores geralmente utilizados como proxy para mensuração da governança.
TRANSAÇÃO COM PARTE RELACIONADA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE FRAUDES CORPORATIVAS EM BANCOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Mendonça Júlio César Gomes , Rodrigues Machado Michele Rílany , Zanolla Ercilio , Dantas José Alves
Published: December 2021

Transações com partes relacionadas são transações que auditores, acionistas e acadêmicos temem que sejam utilizadas de maneira destoante do seu propósito econômico. A literatura considera transação com parte relacionada como uma proxy para a oportunidade de se cometer uma fraude. A fraude corporativa pode ser mais bem compreendida e analisada pelo triângulo de Cressey (1953). Este artigo tem por objetivo verificar se transações com partes relacionadas impactam na probabilidade de ocorrência de fraudes corporativas em instituições bancárias brasileiras de capital aberto. Para verificar a probabilidade da ocorrência de fraude foi estimada regressão logística com efeitos aleatórios, com dados de 24 bancos brasileiros de capital aberto, no período de 2010 ao segundo trimestre de 2019. Como principal resultado, verifica-se que transações com partes relacionadas aumentam a probabilidade de ocorrência de fraude corporativa, e o tipo de transação que se mostrou significante foi o propping. Conclui-se que transações passivas (propping) podem se dar de diversas maneiras ou motivos, mas não se deve considerar que todas as transações sejam realizadas para propósitos fraudulentos. O resultado do trabalho dá uma indicação de haver um aumento da probabilidade na ocorrência de fraude nas empresas estudadas. As preocupações dos auditores são válidas e o estudo contribui para pesquisas sobre a importância e o impacto das partes relacionadas nas entidades.
Zidni oslici u crkvi Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice u Koprivni – analiza ikonografije, stila i
naručitelja u kontekstu umjetnosti viteških redova
Authors: Papić Iva
Published: December 2021

U članku se analizira zidni oslik u svetištu romaničke crkve Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice u Koprivni. Oslik su raniji autori datirali u period od sredine 13. pa do ranog 14.
stoljeća. Stilska i ikonografska analiza oslika te analiza pisanih izvora koji se dotiču Koprivne i njezine okolice u vremenu 13.-15. stoljeća omogućile su prepoznavanje ivanovačkog reda kao mogućih naručitelja izgradnje crkve te izvedbe oslika. Oslik iz Koprivne interpretiran je u kontekstu zidnog slikarstva viteških redova, s komparativnim primjerima iz Italije, Francuske te nekadašnjih križarskih država u Svetoj Zemlji.
Osuđenici Valpovačkog vlastelinstva 1812.-1847.
Authors: Kolesarić Petra
Published: December 2021

U radu se na temelju popisa vlastelinskog suda Valpovačkog vlastelinstva opisuju osuđenici Valpovačkog vlastelinstva u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća. Rad donosi kratak
pregled povijesti Valpovačkog vlastelinstva do 1848. godine, kao i odrednice
pravosuđa te sudske prakse na području Banske Hrvatske, odnosno Virovitičke
županije u prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća. Podatci iz izvora o osuđenicima analizirani
su pomoću metoda deskriptivne statistike, a prikazani su broj osuđenika, spolna
i dobna struktura te njihova diferencijacija s obzirom na mjesto rođenja,
godinu počinjenja kaznenog djela, status (bračni status, zanimanje i/ili
narodnost) te konfesionalnu strukturu (isključivo za razdoblje od 1843. do
1847. godine). Također, izneseni su podatci o recidivistima te osuđenicama, s
osvrtom na kaznena djela pobačaja i čedomorstva. Rad je vremenski ograničen zbog nedostatne sačuvanosti izvora o osuđenicima te obuhvaća razdoblje od 1812.,
odnosno 1816. do 1847. godine.