bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal phenomenal experience and the synthetic data hypothesis
Authors: Deane George , Demekas Daphne
Published: October 2024

Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE) refers to the simplest form of conscious experience, characterized by the absence of time, self, and sensory content, where only pure awareness or consciousness remains. In this paper, we present a computational neurophenomenological account of minimal phenomenal experience within the active inference framework. We propose a generative mechanism that allows active inference agents to leverage capacities akin to those in generative adversarial networks, which use a dual framework of data generation and discrimination to improve perceptual accuracy. Our hypothesis posits that the brain continuously generates synthetic data to fill perceptual and cognitive gaps, and we provide a computational mechanism within the active inference framework to support this. We explore how synthetic data generation, when amplified by meditation, psychedelics, or other altered states, can the brain to ‘defabricate’ entrenched conceptual structures and approach pure consciousness at the limit. We provide simulations of an active inference agent embedded in a virtual environment, we demonstrate that recursive loops of synthetic data generation can lead to a breakdown in conceptualization — 'seeing as' — while enhancing the system’s ability to predict its own observation stream. We argue that this model can characterize the essential features of MPE, including contentlessness, epistemic openness, and the unique valence profile associated with minimal phenomenal experiences.
A data-driven approach exploring the entrepreneurial-managerial spectrum
Authors: Booras Alexa , Auernhammer Jan , Monlux Katerina , Bruno Jennifer , Jahanikia Sahar , Xie Hua , Sonalkar Neeraj , Saggar Manish
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurs are responsible for starting new ventures, often with high risk and innovation, while managers oversee existing organizations, optimize operations, and achieve predefined goals. Although frequently seen as a dichotomy, entrepreneurs and managers share responsibilities for building and sustaining a business, and hence, this could also be studied as a spectrum. Previous research has individually examined specific aspects of entrepreneurial (vs managerial) work, but limited studies have examined their effects holistically. Using a wide range of survey instruments, we took an exploratory data-driven approach to explore the entrepreneurial-managerial spectrum. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five latent factors driving variance in our data: Negative Emotions, Fulfillment & Support, Creative Capacity, Collaborative Personality, and Decision-Making Avoidance & Hypervigilance. When explored as a traditional dichotomy, our results found that entrepreneurs scored lower than managers in Decision-Making Avoidance & Hypervigilance and Collaborative Personality. On the other hand, as a spectrum, data suggested an increase in Creative Capacity and a decrease in Decision-Making Avoidance & Hypervigilance with increasing entrepreneurial experience. Emotional health and career success remained similar across groups. Overall, we explored the complex profile of entrepreneurs and managers as a step towards understanding the dynamic and unique combination of personality, cognition, emotional health, and demographics across the entrepreneurial-managerial spectrum.
Labour Market Integration and Institutions: An Anglo-German Comparison
Authors: Hillmert Steffen
Published: October 2024

This paper compares processes of labour market entry and early career stages in Britain and West Germany. It starts by looking at the characteristics of the respective institutional structures in which human capital is formed and allocated. The two national systems of formal institutions can be regarded as generating particular modes of co-ordination between education and the labour market, that is that the labour market integration of young people follows different rules in the two countries. A frame of reference is provided by a general model that distinguishes between a horizontal, a vertical and a temporal dimension of the process of integration into the labour market. These dimensions are further pursued in empirical terms: here, major aims of the paper are to assess the effects of formal qualifications on the quality of first jobs and to analyse the multi-dimensional stability of entry positions in early careers. In Britain, co-ordination is, to a larger extent, achieved by criteria of timing, in addition to the hierarchical grading of qualifications; in Germany the latter, as well as substantive occupational skills, play a major role. There have also been important historical changes in these dimensions, especially in the UK.
Occupational Earning Potential: A new measure of social hierarchy applied to Europe
Authors: Oesch Daniel , Lipps Oliver , Shahbazian Roujman , Bihagen Erik , Morris Katy
Published: October 2024

Social stratification is interested in unequal life chances and assumes the existence of a hierarchy of more or less advantageous occupations. Yet occupations are not easily translated into a linear hierarchical measure. Influential scales combine multiple indicators and lack intuitive interpretation. We present a new scale based on occupations’ earnings potential (OEP). The OEP scale measures the median earnings of occupations and expresses them as percentiles of the overall earnings structure: If machine mechanics earn the national median wage, their OEP is 50. We construct national OEP scales using annual microdata pooled over several decades for Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and US. Consistent with the Treiman constant, these national scales are highly correlated over time (r=0.90) and across countries (r=0.80), justifying the use of one common OEP scale. When applied to another European database, the common OEP scale explains a quarter of the variance in earnings – and performs as well for countries used to construct the scale as for countries not used. Moreover, it is associated with the causes (education) and consequences (social mobility) that theory expects it to be. OEP provides a simple, clear and parsimonious indicator of economic advantage that can be meaningfully interpreted.
Of Bison and Taxidermy: Biography of a Practical Zoologist Augustus Szusterus
Authors: Fedotova Anastasia , Zharova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the biography of Augustus Szusterus (circa 1805 — not earlier than 1871), the keeper of the zoological cabinet at the Vilna Medical and SurgicalAcademy (1835–1841), and then the University of St Vladimir in Kiеv (1842–1870). By using his life as a case-study, we analyse the career of an “invisible technician” in Russian higher education of the 19th century. Szusterus was one of the best taxidermists who worked for the academic community in the Russian Empire in the second third of the 19th century. He was a student of Ludwig Bojanus, a preeminent comparative anatomist, and of Felix Brunner, a skilled taxidermist. His legacy are museum exhibits that were made as skin-mount over sculpture, the technique that was (as it’s believed) developed only in the late 19th and in the early 20th century; in particular, several European bison mounted by him have been preserved till nowadays. The professors with whom Szusterus worked in Vilna and Kiev hardly mentioned his name in their annual reports and other documents, although it is quite obvious that without his assistance, both their educational and scientific activities would have been significantly obstructed. We collected information about Szusterus from scratches by using the documents from four countries. The most informative documents that we managed to find were about his work on European bison that served as valuable objects of museum exchange and even diplomatic gifts in the 1830s and 1840s. It was due to these documents that it became possible to restore Szusterus’ name to the history of zoology.
Less Power to Ya: Materiality and Sublation in Early Christian Rock Music
Authors: Anthony Paul A.
Published: October 2024

In studies of the important contemporary Christian music (CCM) subculture within American evangelicalism, scholars have developed an increasingly robust body of sociological analysis; this article bridges from that scholarship to offer a cultural history of how a decentralized group of ex-hippies coalesced to establish a multimillion-dollar industry. Centring the concept of sublation as used by David Morgan, the article adopts a multimethod approach to study how More Power to Ya by Petra—one of the most popular albums from one of the industry’s most influential bands—exemplified the strategy Christian rock artists employed to move from a place of marginalization within evangelical Christianity to one of acceptance.
Prólogo
Authors: Navarro Federico
Published: October 2024

Los estudios de la escritura en educación superior en Latinoamérica, igualmente potenciados por el interés en la enseñanza y en la investigación sobre lectura y escritura, ya han consolidado al menos un cuarto de siglo de historia. Asociaciones, congresos, revistas, proyectos, programas, centros, iniciativas, artículos, libros y tesis se multiplican a lo largo del continente, con una efervescencia incansable que asombra en otras latitudes. Podemos decir que ya contamos con nuestros propios autores, tradiciones y supuestos, a diferencia de lo que sucedía en el siglo pasado cuando se citaban nombres y marcos teóricos no especializados en la temática provenientes del análisis del discurso, la pedagogía crítica, la didáctica de la literatura, la psicología educativa o la alfabetización inicial.
Introducción
Authors: Rengifo-Mattos Karina , Ochoa-Villanueva Eurídice Minerva
Published: October 2024

En el mundo académico, la comunicación oral y escrita es un componente crucial para el aprendizaje y la generación de saberes, pero también es un desafío para muchos estudiantes, pues en este contexto se exigen ciertas convenciones y rigor que pueden ser difíciles de alcanzar para quienes no han tenido la oportunidad de desarrollar las habilidades necesarias para estos ámbitos a través de recursos y apoyos, como una instrucción adecuada u oportunidades para practicar y recibir retroalimentación en este registro específico. Como actividades socialmente construidas y situadas (Gee, 1991; Barton, 1994; Barton y Hamilton, 2000, 2005), la lectura, escritura y oralidad requieren para su dominio de un cultivo constante e intencionado para que su ejercicio responda a las condiciones de los contextos particulares, en este caso, los académicos y disciplinares.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMENIA AND CHINA
Authors: Arman Arzuman Harutyunyan
Published: October 2024

Throughout their economic and political histories, Armenia and China have pursued different paths in alignment with their respective regional and integration objectives. Despite lacking a common border and not being part of a single integration bloc, these countries have managed to establish and cultivate dynamic trade and economic relations. The evolution of ties with China is significantly influenced by the global One Belt One Road initiative, with numerous countries seeking to engage with this ambitious project. Armenia is no exception, and this article explores the trade and economic interactions between Armenia and China, addressing both the challenges and potential development scenarios.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND CHALLENGES IN SUPPORTING LGBTQI LEARNERS IN RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Londiwe Patience Njapha  , Primrose Ntombehle Khumalo  , Alan B. Buthelezi  , Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani
Published: October 2024

This study explores the perceptions and challenges faced by secondary school teachers in supporting LGBTQI learners within the Nongoma Circuit in South Africa. Adopting a phenomenological approach, the research aims to uncover nuanced understandings and lived experiences of teachers regarding LGBTQI learners. The study employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing purposive sampling to select five Life Orientation teachers for in-depth, semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis reveals varied attitudes among teachers, ranging from supportive to biased, highlighting significant disparities in acceptance and understanding. Key findings indicate that while some teachers recognize the importance of fostering an inclusive environment, others perpetuate misconceptions and biases, contributing to an unwelcoming school atmosphere for LGBTQI learners. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training programmes and policy reforms to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to support LGBTQI learners effectively. Enhanced teacher training on LGBTQI issues, along with a review of school policies, is recommended to promote inclusivity and safeguard the well-being of all learners. These findings are crucial for teachers, policymakers, and stakeholders in developing strategies to create a more supportive and inclusive educational environment in rural areas. The research contributes to the broader discourse on educational equity and the role of teachers in fostering a safe and inclusive learning environment for marginalized groups.
INNOVATIVENESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF THE GERMAN ECONOMY
Authors: Azer Safarov
Published: October 2024

The article considers the role of innovation in construction. The results of a survey of representatives of the construction industry on innovative investments are presented. Theoretical aspects of digitalisation in the construction process are studied, and the passive house concepts are considered. The impact of innovation on the construction sector is analysed, as are the indicators determining the level of innovativeness of construction.
UMA LEI DA DITADURA À LUZ DA DEMOCRACIA: ANÁLISE DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA LEI DE SEGURANÇA NACIONAL
Authors: Campelo Bessa Isabelle , Verbicaro Soares Douglas
Published: October 2024

A Lei n° 7.170, de 14 de dezembro de 1983, também chamada de Lei de Segurança Nacional, criada durante a ditadura militar e raramente utilizada desde a redemocratização, foi aplicada reiteradas vezes como base para instauração de inquéritos policiais e ações criminais nos anos de 2020 e 2021. No entanto, em setembro de 2021 o texto do Projeto de Lei n° 2.108/2021, de autoria do deputado Rogério Carvalho (PT-SE), foi sancionado e criou a Lei n° 14.197, de 1° de setembro de 2021. A nova lei, além de revogar a Lei de Segurança Nacional, adicionou novos delitos ao Código Penal brasileiro, que visam resguardar o Estado Democrático de Direito. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir o descompasso na aplicação da Lei de Segurança Nacional e os fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa está fundamentada na metodologia histórica e dedutiva acerca dos conhecimentos iniciais acerca da Lei de Segurança Nacional para então verificar o contexto de sua aplicação hodiernamente através da análise bibliográfica de obras e artigos publicados, assim como a análise do arcabouço jurídico e de dados fornecidos para atestar o aumento da utilização do referido diploma legal. Concluiu-se, enfim, que a evocação hodierna da Lei de Segurança Nacional foi marcada por excessos e demonstrava incompatibilidade com os princípios pautados pelo Estado Democrático de Direito.
Dynamics of Psychomotor Development Indicators during Medical Habilitation in Infants of the First Year of Life with Impaired Motor Development, Born with Different Gestational Ages
Authors:   Ivanovo Scientific-Research Institute Motherhood and Childhood named after V.N. Gorodkov, Samsonova T.V. ,   Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Krivonogov V.A. ,   Ivanovo Scientific-Research Institute Motherhood and Childhood named after V.N. Gorodkov; Ivanovo, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Aim. To assess the dynamics of psychomotor development indicators during medical habilitation in infants of the first year of life with impaired motor development, born with different gestational ages. Design. Comparative study. Materials and methods. Eighty children of the first year of life were examined. The main group consisted of 64 infants with impaired motor development, the control group — 16 healthy full-term infants. Depending on the gestational age at birth, the infants of the main group were divided into 4 subgroups: very premature (n = 16), moderately premature (n = 16), late premature (n = 16), and full-term (n = 16) infants. Before and after the completion of the medical habilitation course, all patients were assessed for psychomotor development using the L.T. Zhurba and E.M. Mastyukova scale. Results. Before the medical habilitation course, patients in all studied subgroups showed a delay in psychomotor development, which was more pronounced in very premature infaants. Against the background of medical habilitation measures, the most pronounced positive dynamics were noted in premature babies, especially in very premature patients. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to develop a differentiated approach to managing patients of different gestational ages with impaired motor development, which will help to increase the effectiveness of medical habilitation and minimize the severity of motor disorders. Keywords: perinatal central nervous system damage, impaired motor development, infants, premature infants, psychomotor development.
Genetic Polymorphism of Ficolin-2 in Arctic Populations
Authors:   Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, separate division “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”, Afonicheva K.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Kasparov E.V. ,   Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, separate division “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Marchenko I.V. ,   Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, separate division “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Smolnikova M.V. ,   Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, separate division “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the prevalence of polymorphisms rs17549193 and rs7851696 of the ficolin-2 gene FCN2 among the Nenets, Dolgan-Nganasan and Slavic populations using a molecular genetic study of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Design. Comparative population-genetic research. Materials and methods. Newborn infants of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory — Nenets (n = 261) and Dolgan-Nganasan (n = 104) — and Slavic children of Krasnoyarsk aged 8–18 years with and without bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. DNA extraction from venous blood and dry blood stains was performed. The genotyping of polymorphisms rs17549193 and rs7851696 of the FCN2 gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The minor allele of the polymorphism rs17549193 FCN2 in Nenets is significantly less than in Slavs of control group and with asthma — 19.9% vs. 28.8% (p < 0.001) and 27.5% (p = 0.002). The prevalence of the T allelic variant rs7851696 FCN2 in the Nenets and Dolgan-Nganasans is also lower than in the Slavs with and without asthma — 7.3 and 3.8% vs. 14.6 and 12.6% (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Due to the fact that most human diseases are genetic determinism, it is relevant to study the characteristic features in individual populations to draw up recommendations to healthcare organizations. Understanding the role and functions of ficolin-2 as one of the proteins of the lectin pathway of activation of the complement system is of great importance for the development of new methods of disease prevention and evaluation of the functioning of immune protection. Keywords: ficolin-2, FCN2, Nenets, Dolgans, populations, asthma.
Mapping the relationship between innovation, categories of knowledge and institutional context in an organisation
Authors: Varón Parra Mónica Silvana María , Cristancho Pinilla Edwin Arvey , Montoya Restrepo Luz Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Las organizaciones son entidades sociales formadas por individuos con conocimientos en un contexto institucional. La innovación es un fenómeno social y económico (Schumpeter, 1935a) que repercute positivamente en las organizaciones y el crecimiento económico. En este artículo se describe la relación entre innovación, categorías de conocimiento y contexto institucional en una organización. El artículo examina las organizaciones innovadoras como aprovechadoras de oportunidades en un contexto institucional y entiende las innovaciones como el resultado de un proceso multidireccional en el que los individuos de la organización intercambian conocimientos articulados y no articulados. La innovación se convierte en un proceso de toma de decisiones (selección y variación) basado en los conocimientos de un individuo. Ese proceso tiene velocidad y dirección debido a su relación con el contexto institucional y las categorías de conocimiento. El documento concluye presentando un modelo conceptual para explicar la relación entre los conceptos estudiados. En él se integran las teorías de la innovación, la literatura sobre la economía del conocimiento y las perspectivas sociológicas.
Palabras clave: intercambio de conocimiento; codificación del conocimiento; teoría de la innovación; oportunidades de innovación; cambio institucional; contexto institucional.
The Effectiveness of Compassion-focused Therapy on Patients with Bipolar Disorder, A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Behrouzian Forouzan , Boostani Hatam , Mousavi Asl Esmaeil , Sadrizadeh Neda , Nemati Jole Karan Shima
Published: October 2024

Background: Multifarious complications are attributed to the bipolar disorder; while existing treatments are not yet fully effective. we evaluated effects of Compassion-focused therapy (CFT), an integrated psychological technique to include kinder thinking habit. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized trial (IRCT20211206053298N1) on a total of 26 individuals satisfying the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder who were allocated in two study arms by simple random allocation method, first receiving both CFT and conventional therapy (n=13) and seconds receiving traditional therapy alone (n=13). Compassion-focused therapy received consisted of ten sessions of CFT in conjunction with the customary treatment. Various psychological constructs, including self-compassion, self-criticism, shame, and distress associated with bipolar disorder were examined at beginning of study, after finishing the sessions, and 2 months later. Data analysis involved using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) with statistically significant threshold of under 0.05 in SPSS V. 21. Results: There were no differences in educational level, gender, occupation, history of hospitalization, medical illness, and marital status between the study groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in trend of changes of studied variables. Intervention group showed a significant sharp decrease in shame (from baseline value of 12.76±4.38 to 4.46±7.26 two months later), self-criticism scores (26.61±6.57 at baseline and 14.76±5.74 at two-months period), and distress scores (21.0±2.29 at baseline to 11.75 ±2.00 at two-months period) from study beginning to final follow up that also had a more substantial decline than the control group (P<0.05). Both groups showed increased self-compassion score during the time with no differences among their increasing trend (P=0.725). Conclusion: The effect of CFT on the psychological treatment outcomes for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder appears to be significant, while it was not as effective on the self-compassion score. So, further studies would be helpful to draw a more precise conclusion.
Innovative Nursing Care for Patients with Psychological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review on Iranian Versus Global Nursing Interventions
Authors: Malek Mohammadi Parvin , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein , Kyani Fatemeh , Zeydani Maryam , Dokoohaki Roya , Behzadi Soudabeh , Rezapour-Nasrabad Rafat , Nabizadeh Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Psychological disorders (PDs) are one of the most important global challenges that affect a large number of individuals regardless of geographical location. In Iran, similar to other parts of the world, the prevalence of PDs is increasing and requires innovative nursing care (NC) interventions. The present study aims to comprehensively assess the current NC practices for patients with PDs, as well as compare traditional and innovative approaches between Iran and global healthcare systems. Traditional NC practices in Iran emphasize a holistic and culturally sensitive approach, which integrates traditional NCs with evidence-based therapies; however, global practices often focus on evidence-based and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Innovative NC approaches, e.g., technology-assisted interventions and personal care programs, play a fundamental role in improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with PDs. Also, Iranian nurses are integrating complementary therapies with evidence-based practices to provide comprehensive and personalized care for patients. On a global scale, there is an increasing emphasis on collaborative care models and cutting-edge technologies to enhance the availability and effectiveness of care. Previous evidence indicated the roles of technology-based interventions, concentration techniques, and personal care programs in improving Iranian patient outcomes. While there are challenges such as limited resources, cultural stigma, and lack of specialties both in Iran and around the world, preventive efforts to address these barriers can facilitate the widespread adoption of innovative national NCs. Future research directions include remote psychiatry, integration of complementary therapies with traditional NCs, and providing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance patient-centered care for individuals with PDs. Hence, by promoting knowledge exchange and collaboration among healthcare professionals, organizations can create a supportive environment for implementing and maintaining innovative NCs that are ultimately able to provide comprehensive mental health care for individuals around the world.
Compressive Word-formation as an Active Process in the Russian Language in the Coronavirus Age
Authors: Zavadskaya Anastasia V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the compressive word-formation, which is a striking distinctive feature of the coronavirus era language. Based on the action of the economy of speech effort law, it leads not so much to the emergence of information-rich formations, but to the birth of emotionally charged, evaluative, and often humorous neologisms. Using COVID-related vocabulary as research material, the author examines such types of word-formation compression as interword overlap, contamination, univerbation and abbreviation. The choice of this lexical layer is explained by the fact that the coronavirus pandemic, which swept the whole world in the period from 2020 to 2022 and which became a turning point in the life of society, led to the coining of a large number of new words, a significant part of which is the result of compressive word-formation. Among the different types of word-formation compression, the most productive in the word production of COVID neologisms were contamination (kovikuly, karantini, infodemiya) and interword overlap (covideo, pandemiting), while univerbation was less productive (udalenka, distant). Truncation and abbreviation, which act as active methods of word formation in the modern Russian language, on the contrary, were unproductive when it came to coining COVID neologisms. The analysis allowed the author to conclude that the new developments of the coronavirus pandemic era only partially reflect the general trends occurring in the Russian language.
On the Semantic Evolution of Kuda ni Kin’
Authors: Kharlamova Darya S. , Reznikova Tatiana I.
Published: October 2024

The paper concerns the semantic evolution of the Russian expression kuda ni kin’ on the material of the Russian National Corpus. On the synchronous level, this expression has two distinct meanings: visual (1) ‘wherever you look’ and mental (2) ‘whatever you think about’. Corpus data show that more abstract semantics (2) came into use first. This might suggest that, contrary to the widely accepted theories of metaphor, the active usage of the more abstract meaning (2) preceded a more concrete meaning (1). After studying the development of lexically closely related expressions kak ni kin’, kuda ni kin’ glazom/vzgl’ad and the proverb kuda ni kin’, vs’udu klin with the data acquired from Russian corpora, we come to the conclusion that kuda ni kin’ must have inherited its abstract meaning from the proverb, and later on it must have undergone a contamination process with the expression kuda ni kin’ (glazom/vzgl’ad), thus causing both the unexpected homonymy between the expressions and the uncharacteristically late upsurge of contexts with the meaning (1). Initially, kuda ni kin’ began to be used as an independent expression as a result of the omission of the second part of the proverb and inherited mental semantics from it. A new stage of its development was associated with the emergence of an elliptical variant of the construction kuda ni kin’ (glazom/vzgl’ad), which, in turn, was characterized by visual semantics. Thus, the order in which the meanings of kuda ni kin’ were formed reflects not the semantic development from abstract to concrete, but the formal coincidence of different constructions in one expression.
Universality of the Spectra of Multiterminal Josephson Junction
Authors: Posadsky A. F. , Semenov A. G. , Arseev P. I.
Published: October 2024

Andreev bound states are formed in multiterminal structures based on normal metals and superconductors. Their spectrum is determined by the system parameters, in particular the scattering phases and transmission coefficients at the nodes. The article found conditions under which Andreev bound states are universal: they don’t change with any change in the reflection phases. As a consequence, the spectrum is completely determined by the transport characteristics of the system. The result was obtained for a structure in the form of a normal metal M-finite star, each of the rays (terminals) Nk of which is in contact with its superconductor Sk, 1 ≤ k ≤ M. Together they form a multiterminal Josephson junction. At the center of the structure there is a non-magnetic impurity with its some scattering matrix.
Laser-Induced Ablation and Desorption of Deuterium-Containing Tungsten Films
Authors: Smirnova E. V. , Medvedev O. S. , Razdobarin A. G. , Elets D. I. , Snigirev L. A. , Shubin Ya. R.
Published: October 2024

The laser-induced desorption (LID) and laser-induced ablation (LIA) methods are compared with each other regarding the possibility of measurements an absolute quantitative analysis of hydrogen isotopes content in first wall materials of fusion reactors. Deuterium containing tungsten films with a thickness of 300–400 nm on a silicon substrate were used as model samples. To implement the LID, the samples were irradiated with laser pulses with a duration of 200 microseconds and an energy density of 50–150 J/cm2, for LIA – 12 ns and 5–15 J/cm2. The registration of residual gases was carried out by quadrupole mass spectrometry. Computer simulation of laser pulse heating was performed for the LID process. The simulation results and experimental data showed that heating at an energy density of 100–150 J/cm2 is sufficient to degas tungsten films of the studied thickness. A comparison of the amount of desorbed deuterium in the LID (150 J/cm2) and LIA (15 J/cm2) modes shows that it is identical within the measurement error and is equal to 4.15±0.15·1014 cm-2.
Acoustically Induced Transparancy for Gamma-Ray Photons and Some of Its' Applications
Authors: Khairulin I. R. , Radeonychev E. V.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider the effect of the emergence of transparency of a resonantly absorbing medium for electromagnetic radiation due to the excitation of piston-like acoustic oscillations of the medium along the direction of radiation propagation – acoustically induced transparency. The physical mechanism and basic conditions for the implementation of the effect are discussed, as well as its application to reduce the propagation velocity of gamma-ray photons and on-demand recovery of an arbitrary part of a single-photon wave packet resonantly absorbed in the medium.
ОЦІНКА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ГОТОВИХ РІШЕНЬ ПОШУКОВО-ДОПОВНЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ДЛЯ НАДАННЯ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ З ВИБОРУ НАЙКРАЩОГО РІШЕННЯ
Authors: МУСІЄНКО Андрій , ВОРВУЛЬ Данило , БЕЗСМЕРТНИЙ Владислав
Published: October 2024

В даній статті представлено процес розробки застосунка для надання комплексної оцінки існуючих рішень з розширеним пошуком (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) з акцентом на їхню ефективність у фінансовій сфері, зокрема для компаній, що займаються злиттям та поглинанням. Системи RAG, які поєднують механізми пошуку з можливостями генерації, продемонстрували перспективність у наданні точних і контекстно-релевантних відповідей завдяки використанню великих обсягів даних, специфічних для конкретної галузі. Ми створили програмний код, який автоматично оцінює відповіді та дозволяє створити таблицю лідерів для порівняння цих рішень за тринадцятьма ключовими показниками ефективності. Було зібрано датасет з питань та відповідей від дійсних експертів галузі, оцінено здатність кожного рішення обробляти структуровані та неструктуровані фінансові дані. Також порівняно оцінки від експертів та великих мовних моделей, зроблено висновок про ефективність дослідження. Отримані результати висвітлюють сильні і слабкі сторони існуючих систем RAG, надають уявлення про їхню застосовність та потенціал для покращення процесів прийняття рішень у фінансовому секторі. Це дослідження має на меті надання допомоги організаціям у виборі найбільш відповідного рішення RAG для їхніх потреб, а також надати інформацію про майбутні зміни в цій сфері, що швидко розвивається.
КОМПЛЕКСНА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ НА ОСНОВІ МОДИФІКОВАНОЇ ПВП ГОЛДА І RAKE-ПРИЙМАЧІВ
Authors: СЕМЕНКО Анатолій , БОЙКО Юлій , ШПУР Ольга
Published: October 2024

При проектуванні телекомунікаційних систем важливим завданням є забезпечення мінімальної ймовірності бітової помилки приймання сигналу при даній потужності передавача. Для вирішення даної задачі прагнуть зменшити ширину смуги пропускання каналу аби зменшити рівень шумів, які неминуче надходять до каналу із зовнішнього середовища. В роботі запропонована і досліджена телекомунікаційна система (ТКС) з широкосмуговим сигналом, що передається в 2-х окремих антенних каналах. В системі здійснюється кодове розділення сигналів каналів з використанням модифікованої псевдовипадкової послідовності (ПВП) Голда і оптимальна обробка сигналів за допомогою RAKE-приймачів. При цьому досягається мінімальна ширина смуги пропускання каналу та максимальне відношення сигнал/шум.
ВПЛИВ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ (AI) НА РОЗВИТОК ІНТЕРНЕТ-МАРКЕТИНГУ
Authors: БОНДАРЕНКО Валерій , ОМЕЛЬЯНЕНКО Олександр
Published: October 2024

This article is aimed at studying the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the development of online marketing. The aim of the study is to assess how the use of AI technologies helps to increase the effectiveness of marketing strategies, improve customer interaction, and optimize business processes. The article will discuss various aspects of AI in online marketing, such as automation of advertising campaigns, content personalization, user data analysis, consumer behavior forecasting, and chatbot development. The study will demonstrate how artificial intelligence contributes to increasing conversions, improving ad targeting, and increasing the profitability of online marketing campaigns. The scientific novelty consists in analyzing specific examples of successful AI application in marketing strategies of companies from various industries, and also identifying key factors that determine the effectiveness of AI in online marketing. The practical significance is that the results of this study can be used by marketers to implement AI tools to increase the competitiveness of companies in the digital market. Prospects for further research include a deeper analysis of new AI algorithms, their impact on marketing processes, and research on future trends in the use of AI in online marketing.
INVERSE PROBLEM OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION
OF A FREE THICK-WALLED CYLINDRICAL SHELL
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NONLINEAR LAW OF HARDENING
Authors: Andrianov I.K. , Feoktistov S.I.
Published: October 2024

The inverse problem of elastoplastic deformation of a thick-walled cylindrical shell of finite length under internal pressure is solved. For a given displacement of the outer surface of the shell, it was necessary to construct a numerical technique to determine the internal pressure providing this displacement. The problem being solved is a boundary value problem of a mixed type. The cylindrical shell under study is in a plane stress state and a volumetric deformed state. The mathematical formulation of the problem was based on the provisions of the deformation theory of plasticity. The strain state of the shell was described using nonlinear Hencky strains. The constructed model of elastic-plastic deformation of the shell took into account the compressibility of the material and the nonlinear law of hardening. The numerical calculation method is based on the method of variable elasticity parameters using the method of successive approximations, taking into account changes in the geometry of the shell during deformation. To assess the adequacy of the constructed numerical method for solving the inverse problem, a comparative calculation of the direct problem of elastoplastic deformation using the finite element method in the ANSYS 19.0 software package was carried out. The results obtained for radial and circumferential stresses, stress intensity, radial displacements of the boundary surfaces of a cylindrical shell at internal pressure calculated when solving the inverse elastoplastic problem showed sufficient consistency. The stress distribution patterns in the cylindrical shell wall according to the method of variable elasticity parameters and the finite element method are qualitatively the same. The differences in the quantitative results obtained according to the two approaches are no more than 10%. The proposed calculation method can be used in the field of aircraft engineering in order to calculate the required pressure when deforming cylindrical shells to the required geometry, taking into account the physical and geometric nonlinearities of the material under the condition of monotonic loading.
DETERMINATION OF THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE LOAD-LOADING CAPACITY
OF BENDING REINFORCED METAL-COMPOSITE RING PLATES IN CONTACT WITH A LIQUID INCOMPRESSIBLE MEDIUM 1. PROBLEM FORMULATION AND CALCULATION METHOD
Authors: Yankovskii A.P.
Published: October 2024

The problem of determining the load-bearing capacity of a bendable reinforced annular plate resting on an incompressible liquid base is considered. The internal opening of the structure is closed with a continuous, absolutely rigid insert. The connection between the insert and the plate can be rigid or hinged. The structure is supported on the outer edge, and it is possible to move the support in the vertical direction, for example in the case of a movable jamming. In the limiting state, liquid flow from one front surface of the plate to another surface is not allowed. The materials of the components of the composition are isotropic and rigid-plastic, having the same yield limits in tension and compression. Plastic flow in the phases of the composition is associated with piecewise linear yield criteria (such as the Tresk's or Ishlinsky - Ivlev's yield conditions). The limit state of such a composite plate is described within the framework of the classical theory of transverse bending. Reinforcement structures have axial and radial symmetry. Two reinforcement options are considered: laying two families of fibers along radially symmetrical spiral trajectories and reinforcement in the radial and circumferential directions. The rein-forcing fibers are assumed to be continuous and have constant cross sections along their length, which gives rise to significant heterogeneity of the structures under consideration in the radial direction. The plastic flow of a metal-composition is calculated using a structural model that takes into account the presence of a plane stress state in all substructural elements. Structural formulas have been written that make it possible to determine the coordinates of corner points on piecewise linear yield curves of the compositions under consideration, taking into account their dependence on non-uniform reinforcement parameters: angles and densities. An extremal principle has been formulated that makes it possible to obtain an upper (kinematic) estimate of the maximum load for this type of structure. The formulated problem is discretized along the polar radius. Nodal values of the sagging speed and mechanical energy dissipation were used as unknown grid functions. A numerical algorithm for solving the formulated discretized problem has been developed, based on the application of the simplex method of linear programming theory.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW BIMETALLIC MATERIAL BASED ON UNALLOYED TITANIUM AND Ti6Al4V TITANIUM ALLOY OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING
Authors: Gryaznov M.Yu. , Shotin S.V. , Chuvildeev V.N. , Murashov A.A. , Semenycheva A.V.
Published: October 2024

Bimetallic samples based on unalloyed titanium and titanium alloy have been obtained. The main disadvantage of the most common material for medical implants Ti6Al4V alloy is the danger of toxic elements of aluminum and vanadium entering the human body during implant wear. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use bimetallic products designed in such a way that the part interacting with human body is made of unalloyed titanium, and the inner part is made of a high-strength titanium alloy providing high mechanical properties. The technology of selective laser melting allows to produce similar products in one technological cycle. The aim of the research is a comprehensive study of the physical and mechanical properties and structure of the bimetallic material of the system “unalloyed titanium – alloy Ti6Al4V”obtained by selective laser melting. The melting modes have been optimized to achieve high mechanical characteristics. It is shown that the strength characteristics with optimal conditions correspond to the characteristic value of unalloyed titanium – the ultimate tensile strength was 860 MPa. Embrittlement of the micro-welded bimetal compound is not observed: tensile fracture occurs with the least durable component – unalloyed titanium. Metallographic studies have shown the absence of micropores, microcracks and other defects in the interface zone of the two materials and adjacent areas. Thus, selective laser melting makes it possible to obtain a new class of bimetallic medical devices with high physical and mechanical properties, while ensuring that living tissues do not contact with toxic elements.
Percutaneous functional spinal unit cementoplasty versus percutaneous kyphoplasty for severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture complicated with endplate-disc complex injury: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Yang Yuming , Zhao Ben , Xue Youdi , Dai Weixiang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (SOVCF) is frequently complicated by endplatedisc complex (EDC) injury. While percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) can offer rapid analgesia and facilitate early activity, it does not restore vertebral height and may result in intervertebral leakage and untreated EDC injury. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous functional spinal unit cementoplasty (PFSUP) for SOVCF complicated by EDC injury and compare its clinical and imaging outcomes with PKP. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. Patients with SOVCF complicated with EDC injury between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, were recruited and assigned to the PKP group and PFSUP group based on their treatment procedures Back pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and daily life activities were assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). X-rays were employed to observe the presence and location of cement leakage, as well as to measure the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and local kyphosis angle (LKA). Loss of correction was calculated by subtracting the LKA after surgery from that at the final follow-up visit Subsequent vertebral fracture (SVF) was confirmed using the Genant semi-quantitative method and/or MRI. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were included in this study. Among them 41 cases were assigned to the PKP group (28 females, 74.8 years on average), while the remaining 23 cases were assigned to the PFSUP group (15 females, 76.3 years on average). All surgical interventions were successfully completed without major complications. Compared to the PKP group, the PFSUP group had longer operation time (70.28 ± 11.44 vs 44.5 ± 10.12, P< 0.001) higher frequencies of radiation exposure (97.6 ± 19.85 vs 38.6 ± 9.53, P< 0.001), and a lower cement leakage rate (26.1% vs. 41.5%, P< 0.001). One day after surgery and at the final follow-up the PFSUP group had lower VAS and ODI scores, as well as lower LKA and Sva values compared with the PKP group (all P< .001). At the final follow-up visit, the PFSUP group demonstrated a lower loss of correction (4.38 ± 2.71 vs. 10.19 ± 3.41 P< 0.001) and a lower SVF rate compared to the PKP group (21.7% vs. 31.7%, P< 0.001). CONCLUSION: PFSUP outperformed PKP in alleviating pain restoring and maintaining sagittal balance, and lowering the incidence of cement leakage and SVF for SOVCF with EDC injury However, PFSUP was associated with longer operation time and high radiation exposure frequencies.
A spatiotemporal transfer learning framework with mixture of experts for traffic flow prediction
Authors: Chen Junxiu , Xie Weican
Published: October 2024

For traffic management entities, the ability to forecast traffic patterns is crucial to their suite of advanced decision-making solutions. The inherent unpredictability of network traffic makes it challenging to develop a robust predictive model. For this reason, by leveraging a spatiotemporal graph transformer equipped with an array of specialized experts, ensuring more reliable and agile outcomes. In this method, utilizing Louvain algorithm alongside a temporal segmentation approach partition the overarching spatial graph structure of traffic networks into a series of localized spatio-temporal graph subgraphs. Then, multiple expert models are obtained by pre-training each subgraph data using a spatio-temporal synchronous graph transformer. Finally, each expert model is fused in a fine-tuning way to obtain the final predicted value, which ensures the reliability of its forecasts while reducing computational time, demonstrating superior predictive capabilities compared to other state-of-the-art models. Results from simulation experiments on real datasets from PeMS validate its enhanced performance metrics.