bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carlos Gardel, el patrimonio que sonrie
Authors: Carozzi María Julia
Published: April 2005

Analizando los modos en que los porteños recordaron a Carlos Gardel en el mes del 68 aniversario de su muerte, el artículo intenta dar cuenta de una de las formas en que los habitantes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires conciben aquello que es memorable, identifican aquello en que se reconocen como porteños y singularizan aquello frente a lo cual experimentan sentimientos de pertenencia colectiva. El trabajo señala la centralidad que el milagro, la mimesis y el contacto directo con su cuerpo desempeñan en la preservación de la memoria de Gardel, quien encarna tanto al tango como a su éxito en el mundo. El caso de Gardel se presenta como un ejemplo de la organización de la memoria y la identidad de los porteños en particular y los argentinos en general en torno a personas reales a quienes se les asigna un valor extraordinario. Al sostener su profundo enraizamiento en cuerpos humanos concretos, tornan problemática la adopción local de los conceptos globalmente aceptados de patrimonio histórico y cultural.
O mar por tradição: o património e a construção das imagens do turismo
Authors: Peralta Elsa
Published: April 2005

Tomando por base a argumentação de MacCannell, segundo a qual os turistas são estruturalistas arquetípicos em busca de "imagens autênticas" de um tempo mítico, este artigo analisa a forma como o património é utilizado para fornecer o suporte cenográfico necessário à construção dos destinos turísticos. Ilustrando com um caso de activação patrimonial numa localidade de forte tradição piscatória do litoral português, procura-se simultaneamente acrescentar uma reflexão sobre a reciprocidade existente entre os usos simbólico, político e económico do património quando os vários actores sociais se envolvem na sua activação.
El patrimonio cultural como opción turística
Authors: Alfonso María José Pastor
Published: April 2005

El sistema turístico obliga a tener en cuenta tanto a la sociedad local, como a los visitantes, por lo que todos los estudios deben ir dirigidos a buscar el bienestar de ambos, tratando de minimizar los impactos negativos, ya sean sociales, culturales, físicos o económicos. En cuanto al patrimonio antropológico, puede afirmarse que la única manera de comprender su realidad es acercándose a él para observarlo como producto de la sociedad en permanente estado de cambio, al mismo tiempo que se descifra la interrelación de todos sus componentes. Es necesario interpretar al ser humano en el medio en el que se ha desarrollado y sigue haciéndolo. Sólo de esta forma estaremos en capacidad de planificar una serie de acciones vinculadas al uso del patrimonio con fines turísticos, sin perjudicar el normal desarrollo de la comunidad que lo ha originado.
Turismo cultural e patrimônio: a memória pantaneira no curso do rio Paraguai
Authors: Banducci Jr. Álvaro
Published: April 2005

A lenta ocupação do extremo Oeste brasileiro encontra-se registrada, através de uma série de vestígios arqueológicos e históricos, às margens daquele que foi o caminho natural de penetração humana na região: o rio Paraguai. Ao longo de seu eixo é possível encontrar, ainda hoje, ruínas de saladeiros ou charqueadas, que constituíram o grande empreendimento econômico do Pantanal até meados do século XX; casas-grandes, que foram sedes de importantes fazendas de onde partiram os pioneiros da ocupação pastoril da planície; e sítios arqueológicos, que registram diversas períodos da ocupação indígena da região, entre outros sinais da presença humana no Pantanal. O levantamento desse patrimônio histórico e cultural e a análise de seu potencial mobilizador da memória e da identidade das populações pantaneiras, tendo por base a atividade turística, constituem-se no objetivo deste estudo.
Ecotourism, environmental preservation and conflicts over natural resources
Authors: Kent Michael
Published: April 2005

Ecotourism has profound social impacts through the transformations it generates in the distribution of access to natural resources. At the heart of this transformation stands the paradox of ecotourism: it exploits natural environments while at the same time depending on their preservation. As a result, ecotourism has increasingly become articulated with environmental policies, in particular the creation of protected areas. Such policies have privileged those environments that are of interest to the ecotourism industry. They have also served to restrict competing forms of resource use. Local populations in particular have seen their access to natural resources diminished. This paper explores interest conflicts between local and external user groups in an ecotourism destination in Southern Bahia. Its focus is on strategies through which external groups related to ecotourism and environmental preservation have sought to appropriate control over natural resources.
"O arquivo total da humanidade": utopia enciclopédica e divisão do trabalho na etnologia francesa
Authors: L’Estoile Benoît de
Published: April 2005

O presente artigo mostra como, na primeira metade do século XX, os esforços dos fundadores da antropologia francesa visavam a organizar e racionalizar o sistema de divisão do trabalho do conhecimento pela separação e coordenação entre cientistas acadêmicos e etnógrafos voluntários. Esse sistema contrasta com a imagem romântica e mais corriqueira do antropólogo isolado, e que corresponde ao caso britânico, no qual se deu um esforço no sentido da inserção do cientista no campo e a "profissionalização" foi acompanhada da exclusão dos "amadores", relegados a um estado obsoleto da atividade de investigação. O modelo de divisão do trabalho, dominante na França, exigiu o recrutamento de "multidões de colaboradores" e favoreceu o estabelecimento de uma rede que articulava disciplinarmente os profissionais da antropologia e os auxiliares coloniais.
A heterogenia do mundo on-line: algumas reflexões sobre virtualização, comunicação mediada por computador e ciberespaço
Authors: Jungblut Airton Luiz
Published: April 2005

O artigo analisa algumas das implicações trazidas pelo crescente uso da comunicação mediada por computador no mundo contemporâneo. Analisa, também, a natureza do espaço social cibernético criado através dessa prática comunicacional, o chamado "ciberespaço". Como reflexão de fundo, essas análises são acompanhadas por uma discussão a respeito do processo de virtualização implicado tanto nas questões referentes à comunicação mediada por computador como às questões referentes ao ciberespaço.
De pés descalços no ciberespaço: tecnologia e cultura no cotidiano de um grupo social on-line
Authors: Guimarães Jr. Mário J. L.
Published: April 2005

Certas distinções transcendem o domínio do uso "nativo" e acabam sendo empregadas como categorias analíticas. A família das categorias baseadas na distinção entre tecnologia e sociedade é um bom exemplo desse fenômeno. Este artigo pretende levantar algumas questões quanto ao valor analítico de distinções tais como entre "cultura" e "tecnologia" a partir do caso de avatares, corpos virtuais empregados em ambientes de sociabilidade no ciberespaço. Para tanto, são utilizados os relatos etnográficos de duas circunstâncias de um grupo social on-line, onde o uso criativo de tecnologias e a intervenção nos seus contextos de criação dão suporte à noção de que muitas vezes as fronteiras entre pares dicotômicos, tais como "tecnologia" e "cultura", são indistintas.
Formas de interação entre humanos e dados digitais em ambientes virtuais
Authors: Rocha Luiz Antônio
Published: April 2005

Este texto visa debruçar-se sobre a relação homem/meio digital e sobre as possibilidades dessa interação. Partimos da seguinte questão, quais as chances dessa relação vir a ser um meio que apresente ferramentas de operação e criação, possibilitando a geração de novas informações, a partir daquelas já disponibilizadas em ambiente virtual, e um ciclo contínuo? Que possibilidades que existiriam de se criar informação a partir da operação com a visualização de dados, invertendo a relação de dependência que a representação tem sobre os dados que traduz. No que isto poderia vir a ampliar o fazer artístico.
Cibernética, ciborgues e ciberespaço: notas sobre as origens da cibernética e sua reinvenção cultural
Authors: Kim Joon Ho
Published: April 2005

A teoria cibernética de Wiener, da década de 1940, originou pesquisas e influenciou vários campos científicos, incluindo a antropologia. Atualmente, a cibernética está praticamente esquecida como uma ciência, mas deixou importantes resíduos para a cultura. Esses resíduos, dentre outros provenientes do discurso técnico e cientifico, são meios criativos para as reavaliações do consenso social acerca dos significados das coisas. Resultados de um processo de reinvenção cultural, o ciborgue e o ciberespaço são referências emblemáticas de uma nova ordem do real que projeta o sistema antigo de interpretação da realidade sob novas formas, restringidas pelas dadas possibilidades históricas e culturais de significação.
O Linux e a perspectiva da dádiva
Authors: Apgaua Renata
Published: April 2005

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o surgimento e consolidação do sistema operacional Linux em um contexto marcado pela hegemonia de sistemas operacionais comerciais, sendo o Windows/Microsoft o exemplo paradigmático. O idealizador do Linux optou por abrir o seu código-fonte e oferecê-lo, gratuitamente, na Internet. Desde então, pessoas de diversas partes do mundo têm participado do seu desenvolvimento. Busca-se, assim, através deste estudo, analisar as características desse espaço de sociabilidade, onde as trocas apontam para outra lógica que não a do mercado. A proposta de compreender os laços sociais no universo Linux, a partir da perspectiva da dádiva, acaba remetendo a outra discussão, que também merecerá atenção nesse estudo, qual seja: a atualidade da dádiva. Releituras de Mauss, feitas por Godbout e Caillé, indicam que a dádiva, em seu "sistema de transformações", encontra-se presente nas sociedades contemporâneas, mas não apenas nos interstícios sociais, conforme afirmava o próprio Mauss.
Antropologia e Internet: quando o "campo" é a cidade e o computador é a "rede"
Authors: Dornelles Jonatas
Published: April 2005

Artigo que apresenta uma reflexão sobre a estreita associação que atualmente se processa entre computador/Internet e condutas sociais. Um dos aspectos mais claros está relacionado ao cultivo de um tipo de sociabilidade que podemos denominar como sendo "virtual". Esse conceito surge do encontro de determinadas características. De um lado, temos a presença de práticas de sociabilidade ao "modo clássico", sendo mantida pelo encontro face a face. De outro, está presente a especificidade gerada por tal tecnologia: a presença da interface gráfica como mediador do encontro social.
Caderno de campo digital: antropologia em novas mídias
Authors: Achutti Luiz Eduardo Robinson , Hassen Maria de Nazareth Agra
Published: April 2005

A pesquisa apresenta uma experiência de etnografia e fotoetnografia com equipamento digital. Busca registrar as transformações por que passa uma comunidade rural e pesqueira pertencente a Viamão, na Grande Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Margeada pelo rio Guaíba (na verdade, lago) e pela lagoa dos Patos (na verdade, laguna), com a chegada do asfalto no ano de 2002 e a abertura à visitação de parque de reserva ambiental, a vila, chamada Vila de Itapuã, passou a atrair visitantes e a romper com o isolamento. Tal isolamento foi determinante para que na década de 1940 no local fosse construído o Hospital Colônia, uma prisão-tratamento para leprosos. A pesquisa busca registrar a cultura açoriana ali remanescente e, sobretudo, pensar o moderno que penetra o tradicional e todas as implicações desse entrelaçamento na construção de uma identidade local. Paralelamente à modernização que alcança o campo da investigação, a pesquisa também traz inovações metodológicas, ao testar e ampliar o uso da fotografia digital como um recurso para a fotoetnografia, discutir os seus recursos e limites e também os recursos da Internet, uma vez que o caderno de campo é publicado sistematicamente no site www.ufrgs.br/fotoetnografia, no ar desde o mês de julho de 2003.
Meditação em torno dos usos da narrativa na antropologia contemporânea
Authors: Price Richard
Published: April 2005

Este texto, preparado a partir de um convite para palestrar na abertura da sessão plenária da Associação Americana de História, em janeiro de 2001, refere-se à construção da narrativa histórica pelos antropólogos, e em particular na minha própria trajetória acadêmica. Trato rapidamente da crescente dedicação de antropólogos sobre questões de ética e de epistemologia e dos efeitos desses estudos sobre as estratégias narrativas. Este ensaio igualmente traz um breve panorama sobre minha própria experiência com o estudo das formas narrativas na história.
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]
Authors: Daher Andrea
Published: April 2005

A atitude de tolerância frente ao índio, a herança cultural das relações amigáveis franco-tupi e a conversão gentil são os fundamentos da representação do índio tupinamba docilmente "convertível" contida nos relatos dos capuchinhos Claude d'Abbeville e Yves d'Evreux. A língua indígena aparece transcrita nestes livros sob a forma do diálogo e do discurso, mostrando o "selvagem convertível" dotado de palavra para expressar, em sua língua, seu desejo de conversão e de aliança com os franceses.
"Então se forma a história bonita": relações entre folhetos de cordel e literatura erudita
Authors: Abreu Márcia
Published: April 2005

Autores de folhetos de cordel, muitas vezes, recontam em versos romances da literatura erudita nacional e internacional. Neste artigo é feito um estudo comparativo entre obras da literatura erudita e suas versões para folhetos de cordel, examinando-se as formas de ler e os critérios de avaliação próprios aos leitores de folhetos.
Os livros de sonhos: texto e imagem
Authors: Ferreira Jerusa Pires
Published: April 2005

Este trabalho lida com uma espécie de "incursão etnológica". Livrinhos e outros materiais foram sendo reunidos, ao longo dos últimos anos. Decidimos descrever e apresentar algumas destas Chaves de Sonhos, discutindo e considerando o quanto este tipo de livro popular foi importante para a Interpretação de Freud, de acordo com suas próprias palavras.
Variation in the electrophoretic karyotype of Brazilian strains of Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: Valadares-Inglis Maria Cléria , Peberdy John F.
Published: April 2005

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to separate chromosome-sized DNA molecules of four strains of Metarhizium anisopliae from Brazil. Metarhizium anisopliae isolates from Japan have been reported as possessing seven chromosomes. Variation was observed among the Brazilian strains and the chromosomal DNA was resolved into eight bands for strain CG46. Densitometric analysis of PFGE gels suggested that the other three Brazilian strains also possess eight chromosomes, with two chromosomes migrating as doublets under the electrophoretic conditions used. The genome size was estimated as varying between 23.39 to 31.88 Mb, not including possible doublet chromosomes.
OppA Escherichia coli mutants have osmodependent resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics
Authors: Tsuhako Maria H. , Ferreira Luis Carlos S. , Costa Sérgio Olavo P. da
Published: April 2005

The oligopeptide permease (OppA) protein was found to be missing in the periplasmic fractions of Escherichia coli kanamycin-resistant mutants selected under high osmotic conditions. The growth behavior of one mutant in media containing kanamycin or the toxic peptide triornithine suggests that OppA and another cell envelope component contribute to the osmolarity-dependent aminoglycoside resistance of E. Coli.
The behavior of sympatric Chilean populations of Drosophila larvae during pupation
Authors: Godoy-Herrera Raúl , Silva-Cuadra José Luis
Published: April 2005

The behavioral mechanisms by which the larvae of sympatric Chilean populations of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. hydei and D. busckii select pupation sites are described in terms of larval substrate preferences. These species share the same breeding sites in Central Valley of Chile. It is important to investigate larval substrate preferences to pupate in sympatric natural populations of species of Drosophila because such behavior could contribute to the coexistence of the species in the wild. D. busckii larvae preferred humid substrates with a smooth surface to pupate, whereas D. simulans larvae selected humid substrates with a rough surface. Larvae of D. melanogaster chose dry and humid substrates with a rough surface, whereas D. hydei larvae occupied dry substrates with a smooth surface to form puparia. D. melanogaster larvae dug deeper into dry than into humid sand, whereas D. simulans larvae dug more into humid sand. D. busckii larvae pupated in the upper layers of humid and dry sand, and D. hydei larvae dug more into humid than into dry sand. Pupae of the four Drosophila species showed aggregated distributions on the substrates. Larval prepupation behaviors of D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. hydei and D. busckii could be important to their coexistence in the wild.
Cytogenetic and morphometric differences in populations of Astyanax "scabripinnis" (Pisces, Characidae) from Maringá region, PR, Brazil
Authors: Mizoguchi Sônia Maria Hiromi Nakagawa , Martins-Santos Isabel Cristina
Published: April 2005

A cytogenetic and morphometric study of four populations of characid fish assigned to the "complex" of Astyanax scabripinnis originating from three riverine basins, namely Ivaí (populations A and B), Paranapanema (C) and Paraná (D), was carried out. Karyological analysis showed the diploid chromosome number 2n = 48 for population B and 2n = 50 for the remaining populations. All populations under study differed in the composition of karyotypes and C-banding patterns. Canonical variable analysis used to assess the morphometric data revealed that 1) the four populations under study were entirely discriminated from each other and 2) the coefficients that most contributed to this pattern were standard length, rostrodorsal distance, eye diameter and snout length. The results indicate that the differences in karyotypes were paralleled by the morphological differentiation of the populations under study and contributed to the problem of systematics of A. scabripinnis "complex".
Centric fusion in goats (Capra hircus): Identification of a 6/15 translocation by high resolution chromosome banding
Authors: Mota Lígia Souza Lima Silveira da , Silva Rosana Ap. Bicudo da
Published: April 2005

Nine phenotypically normal Saanen goats (6 males and 3 females) belonging to the goat house of the Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu Campus, were analyzed cytogenetically. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not chromosomes 5 and 15 are involved in a Robertsonian translocation previously observed in a sample of a Brazilian herd using the chromosome pattern described by the ISCNDA (1989). The results suggest the involvement of chromosomes 6 and 15 in the fusion demonstrated by G-banding in prometaphase cells. The Brazilian sample of animals carrying structural rearrangements did not present any reduction in fertility, suggesting the existence of prezygotic selection against unbalanced gametes. Further investigations on the Brazilian herd are necessary to assess the real incidence of Robertsonian translocations and their effects on reproductive performance.
A new karyotype for the genus Cavia from a southern island of Brazil (Rodentia - Caviidae)
Authors: Gava A. , Freitas T.R.O. , Olimpio J.
Published: April 2005

Intraspecific karyotype variation in mammal species is very common and often caused by centromeric fusion of acrocentric chromosomes. We describe here a new karyotype 2n = 62 (FN = 112) for the genus Cavia from the Moleques do Sul Islands, of the southern coast of Brazil. We analyzed two male and four female karyotypes that had twenty-four biarmed pairs and six pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. The sexual pair consisted of a metacentric X-chromosome and a large acrocentric Y. C-bands were found in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of almost all chromosomes, except for some small biarmed and acrocentric ones. Nucleolus organizer regions appeared in two biarmed chromosomes, and G-banding patterns were also seen.
Genetics of in vitro organogenesis and precocious germination of wheat embryos
Authors: Lange Claudia E. , Federizzi Luiz C. , Carvalho Fernando I.F. , Dornelles Ana L.C. , Handel Cristine L.
Published: April 2005

The genetic bases of in vitro organogenesis and precocious germination of embryos in immature wheat embryo culture were investigated using six Brazilian genotypes and their F1, F2, BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations in a generation means analysis. Four parents and one set of F1’s were also analyzed in a diallel experiment. The results indicated a complex gene action controlling both traits, with additive, dominant and epistatic effects. High broad sense heritability values were found, indicating genetic determination. Considering the complexity of gene control, genetic gain could be achieved by selecting for the traits in advanced generations of the segregating population. Low correlation values between organogenesis, precocious germination, regeneration and somatic embryogenesis (data shown in a previous report) indicated the possibility of obtaining recombinant genotypes.
Expression of heterosis for productive traits in F1 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) hybrids
Authors: Sousa João Alencar de , Maluf Wilson Roberto
Published: April 2005

This study was carried out to obtain estimates of heterosis in crosses between seven eggplant cultivars (Embu = E; Santa Genebra = SG; Viserba = V; Aubergine de Barbentane = AB; Florida Market 10 = FM; Black Beauty = BB, and Melitino = M) and two breeding lines (B-14-07 = B1 and B-31-06 = B2). The F1 hybrids used were: E x FM; E x BB; E x M; E x B1; E x B2; SG x FM; SG x BB; SG x M; SG x B1; SG x B2; V x FM; V x B1; V x B2; AB x FM; AB x M; AB x B1; AB x B2 and M x FM. Cultivars, lines and hybrids were evaluated at the ESAL experimental field in Lavras, MG, from February to October 1992. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Significant heterosis relative to the parental means was detected for all traits studied. Their values ranged from +41.23% to +113.31% for total fruit yield, from -11.45% to +26.17% for average fruit weight, and from +27.98% to +141.81% for early production. Heterosis relative to the superior parent ranged from +13.89% to +92.51% for total fruit yield. Hybrid pairs: SG x FM and AB x B1, V x FM and AB x FM, E x M and AB x B1 were the most heterotic relative to the parental mean for total fruit production, mean fruit weight and early production, respectively. The hybrids displaying highest heterosis relative to the superior parent for total yield were AB x B1 and SG x FM.
Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz).: I) RAPD markers
Authors: Colombo Carlos , Second Gérard , Valle Tereza Losada , Charrier André
Published: April 2005

RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil’s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.
Identification of zygotic and nucellar tangerine seedlings (Citrus spp.) using RAPD
Authors: Bastianel Marinês , Schwarz Sérgio F. , Coleta Filho Helvécio Della , Lin Linda Lee , Machado Marcos , Koller Otto C.
Published: April 2005

The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to distinguish nucellar and zygotic seedlings resulting from crosses between the ‘Montenegrina’ (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) and‘ King’ (C. nobilis Loureiro) tangerines. The aim of the present study was to develop tangerine varieties with a reduced number of seeds and organoleptic characteristics similar to the ‘Montenegrina’ tangerine. Embryos were isolated from seeds, cultivated in vitro, and acclimated in a greenhouse. Four random primers were used to identify 54 plants of sexual origin from a total of 202 individuals. The degree of polymorphism of each primer was reflected in the number of zygotic plants obtained per primer. Cluster analysis of parents and progeny separated the individuals into distinct groups with a maximum genetic dissimilarity of 20%.
Programa GENES: Aplicativo Computacional em Estatística Aplicada à Genética (GENES - Software for Experimental Statistics in Genetics)
Authors: Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: April 2005

The main purpose of the GENES software is to help people working with genetic analysis and data processing in breeding programs, using several biometrics models. This software has several help windows that are very friendly to the user. More information about this program is available in the book" Programa GENES - Aplicativo Computacional em Genética e Estatística, 442. 1997". Purchase orders are welcome at the following address: editora@mail.ufv.br. Shareware copies of the GENES software are available at http://www.genetica.dbg.ufv.br.
A useful routine for biochemical detection and diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Leistner Sandra , Giugliani Roberto
Published: April 2005

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) constitute, owing to their biochemical, genetical and clinical characteristics, a large and heterogeneous subgroup among the lysosomal storage diseases (LSD). They are caused by deficiency of specific enzymes, which are responsible for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown during different steps of its degradation pathway. MPS are responsible for about 32% of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and 54% of LSD identified in our laboratory (Regional Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (RLIEM), Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital de Clínicas in Porto Alegre), which is a reference center for LSD diagnosis in Brazil. Therefore, we decided to set up a specific laboratory routine for detection and differential diagnosis of MPS in patients with clinical features suggestive of this group of disorders
A viable fetus presenting 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] triploid mosaicism
Authors: Acosta A.X. , Peres L.C. , Mazzucatto L.F. , Pina-Neto J.M.
Published: April 2005

Triploidy is common in human pregnancies. It is detected in 1 to 2% of clinically recognized pregnancies and in approximately 15 to 20% of spontaneous abortions produced by chromosome anomalies. We report a premature liveborn girl (30 weeks of gestation) with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities who died at one day of age due to respiratory failure. The placenta showed partial hydatiform mole. Autopsy revealed no internal malformations. Cytogenetic analysis of 100 metaphases obtained from renal tissue culture revealed a 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] karyotype. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] mosaicism in a liveborn infant.
A rapid detection method for PAI-1 promoter insertion/deletion polymorphism (4G/5G)
Authors: Annichino-Bizzacchi Joyce M. , Pugliese Luciana , Arruda Valder R.
Published: April 2005

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important inhibitor of fibrinolysis, and increased levels of PAI-1 are associated with atheroma and myocardial infarction. A common 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism located in the promoter region of PAI-1 gene has been described associated with PAI-1 activity in plasma levels. Genotyping of this polymorphism is commonly conducted with an allele-specific oligonucleotide melting technique. In the present study, we describe a quick, easy method for genotyping 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene.
Genetic control of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib. reaction and corona color in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Mendonça H.A. de , Santos J.B. dos , Ramalho M.A.P. , Ferreira D.F.
Published: April 2005

An important trait for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars with Carioca type grain is resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, which causes anthracnose and a pale corona. The present study was conducted to understand the genetic control of common bean reaction to the fungus and of the corona color, to provide guides to future breeding studies. Genotypes P-45, with brown corona, and EMGOPA 201-Ouro, with yellow corona, are resistant to C. lindemuthianum. Cultivar Carioca is susceptible to anthracnose, but it has desirable grain and corona color. Anthracnose resistance and corona color were studied in the F1 and F2 generations of three populations resulting from crosses of P-45, EMGOPA 201-Ouro, and Carioca. The Carioca x P-45 cross indicated that the Mex.2 allele, which conditions resistance to the pathogen, is linked with a recombination frequency of 0.0604 ± 0.0232 to one of the alleles which determines the dark brown corona color. The EMGOPA 201-Ouro x Carioca cross revealed that the resistance allele of EMGOPA 201-Ouro was independent from the alleles which determine the yellow corona. These resistance alleles were also determined to be independent according to EMGOPA 201-Ouro x P-45 cross results.
Karyotype similarity between two sympatric Schizodon fish species (Anostomidae, Characiformes) from the Paraguay River basin
Authors: Martins Cesar , Galetti Jr. Pedro Manoel
Published: April 2005

Fish of the neotropical family Anostomidae generally show low karyotype variability. Nevertheless, karyotype variants have been identified within some genera, providing information about their evolutionary history. Species of the genus Schizodon show a high degree of morphological and ecological similarity compared to other anostomids. In the present study, karyotype characteristics of Schizodon borelli (40 individuals) and S. isognathum (one individual), two sympatric species found in the Paraguay River basin, were studied. C-banding, GC-specific fluorochrome Mitramycin (MM) and Ag staining as well as in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probes were used. The karyotypes of these species were found to be very similar. Only two NORs were detected in a common chromosome pair of both species under Ag, MM and FISH treatments. Similar heterochromatin distribution patterns were also observed. A parallelism between the small karyotype variation and low morphological and ecological divergence observed for this genus is discussed. Their karyotype homogeneity might be related to populational features or, alternatively, might indicate that the maintenance of a symmetric and conserved karyotype structure represents optimal genomic organization among these fish.
The karyotype of Alouatta fusca clamitans from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Evidence for a y-autosome translocation
Authors: Oliveira Edivaldo H.C. de , Lima Margarida M.C. de , Sbalqueiro Ives José , Pissinati Alcides
Published: April 2005

The chromosome complements of four males of Alouatta fusca clamitans, caught in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were analyzed by G-, C-, and NOR-banding techniques. The diploid number found was 49 in all the specimens. The presence of a heteromorphic pair of submetacentric chromosomes in the analyzed specimens, not present in males and females with 2n = 50 previously reported, and its G-banding pattern, led us to assume that this pair is involved in a Y-autosome translocation. Thus, the sex determination system appears modified to X1X1X2X2 /X1X2Y. Heterochromatic segments were found in the pericentromeric region of all the chromosomes, in the telomeric region of the short arm in pair 2, in the complete length of the short arm of pairs 5 and 6 and in the intercalary region of the long arm in pair 17. The nucleolar organizer regions were situated in the intercalary region of the long arm in two small acrocentric pairs.
Interspecific hybridization and inbreeding effect in seed from a Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clonal orchard in Brazil
Authors: Campinhos Eduardo N. , Peters-Robinson Ingrid , Bertolucci Fernando L. , Alfenas Acelino C.
Published: April 2005

We used allozyme markers to estimate the amount of natural hybridization between Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla in a 7.4-hectare commercial hybrid-seed orchard planted in Espírito Santo, Brazil. This orchard was planted in 1982 using a honeycomb design, with each hexagonal plot containing one E. grandis tree surrounded by six E. urophylla trees. There were 267 replicated hexagonal plots in the orchard. Seeds were harvested from the E. grandis clone only. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated for the E. grandis clone averaged 70.2%, ranging from 33.0 to 99.0% among individual trees. Contaminant pollination, inferred from progeny genotypes containing alleles not present in the seven parental clones, accounted for 14.4% of the hybrid seed. Contaminant pollen was attributed to neighboring eucalyptus stands isolated from the orchard by a 400-m wide belt of native forest. Inbred and hybrid progenies were identified by their allozyme genotypes and transplanted to the field. Field growth of inbred progeny was 30% lower than that of hybrid plants at two and three years of age.
Chromosome studies of some Vernonia species (Asteraceae)
Authors: Dematteis Massimiliano
Published: April 2005

Chromosomes of 12 Vernonia species (Asteraceae) from South America were studied. First counts were reported for: V. alpestris Gardn. (n = 17), V. chalybaea Mart. ex DC. (2n = 32), V. cotoneaster Less. (2n = 30), V. fruticulosa Mart. ex DC. (n = 16) and V. lithospermifolia Hieron. (n = 10, 2n = 20). Furthermore, in V. aurea Mart. ex DC. (2n = 32), V. mollissima D. Don (n = 32) and V. saltensis Hieron. (2n = 64) numbers different from those reported in the literature were found. Karyotypes were described for some species. V. aurea contains 24m + 8sm chromosomes, V. chalybaea contains 22m + 10sm chromosomes, V. cincta Griseb. 36m + 16sm + 8st and V. cotoneaster 18m + 12sm. The basic chromosome numbers x = 10, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were confirmed for South American Vernonia species. The results are discussed in relation to previous chromosome studies for the genus.
Micropropagation of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)
Authors: Mendanha Asseara Batista Leitão , Torres Roberto Augusto de Almeida , Freire Adelson de Barros
Published: April 2005

Tissue cultures were established from newly expanded leaves and axillary buds of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Calli formed from these explants, but no regeneration occurred. Shoots were obtained from axillary buds cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium (Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l kinetin, 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 20 g/l sucrose and 4 g/l Difco agar. Formation of a root similar to a tap root was induced on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3.0 mg/l indolylbutyric acid (IBA), 50 g/l sucrose and 4 g/l Difco agar. Several types of explants were used in attempts to recover complete rubber tree plants with well-developed tap roots. Leaf explants and axillary buds formed calli on MS basic medium with different combinations of kinetin, benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-D, IBA, NAA and indolylacetic acid (IAA). The antibiotic tetracycline was also used to control possible bacterial infections. However, no antibiotic effect was noted. Calli formation was abundant, but no regeneration was observed when the calli from different media was transferred to MS medium without growth hormones. On this basic medium, callus cultures became necrotic and died. Shoots developed from axillary buds, rooted vigorously when cultured on MS medium with NAA, IAA, and IBA. Based on these results, further studies with commercially important clones should lead to a feasible micropropagation technique.
Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in the Mapuche Indians of Argentina
Authors: Kaufman Letícia , Carnese Francisco R. , Goicoechea Alicia , Dejean Cristina , Salzano Francisco M. , Hutz Mara H.
Published: April 2005

Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were investigated in 86 chromosomes from the Argentinian Mapuche. These results were integrated with those previously obtained for ten Brazilian Indian tribes. Eight haplotypes were identified, the most frequent being 2 (57%) and 6 (27%). The presence of haplotype 3 in 2% of the Mapuche chromosomes is probably an evidence of admixture with individuals of African ancestry. Due to the high number of haplotypes observed, heterozygosity as measured by the Gini-Simpson index was higher in the Mapuche than in Brazilian Indians. The haplotypic distribution in the Mapuche was also significantly different from those of all Brazilian tribes investigated. This heterogeneity could be at least partially explained by admixture with non-Indian populations.
Early infantile form of galactosialidosis in a female baby with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal ascites: First case in Brazil
Authors: Santos Cláudia Maria Carvalho dos , Correia Patrícia Santana , Rosa Antônio Abílio Santa , Vaniazzi Elde , Coelho Janice Carneiro , Burin Maira Graeff , Giugliani Roberto , Fensom Anthony H. , Oliveira Cesário Paulo Honório de , Oliveira Maria Lúcia Costa de , Llerena Jr. Juan Clinton
Published: April 2005

We present the first case of an early infantile form of galactosialidosis among Brazilians. This very rare and severe lysosomal storage disease has only a dozen patients clearly diagnosed worldwide. Clinical, pathological and biochemical features were consistent with previously published findings. We detected the disorder in a 7-month-old female baby with prenatal diagnosis of ascites. Evolution of the storage disease was monitored through routine thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for urinary oligosaccharides as part of a screening program for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in high-risk children, carried out in Rio de Janeiro.
Say syndrome: A new Brazilian case
Authors: Guion-Almeida M.L. , Kokitsu-Nakata N.M. , Zechi R.M.
Published: April 2005

We report on a Brazilian boy, born to nonconsanguineous parents, who presented short stature, microcephaly, large ears, Robin sequence, hand anomalies, delayed bone age, and developmental delay. Major signs found in this patient are related to the Say syndrome.
Use of lymphocyte cultures for BrdU replication banding patterns in anuran species (Amphibia)
Authors: Kasahara Sanae , Silva Ana Paula Zampieri , Gruber Simone Lilian
Published: April 2005

We describe the standardization of lymphocyte culture procedures in order to improve cytological preparations of anuran species. This methodology permits the use of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment to obtain replication banding patterns in the chromosomes of these species.
Orthogonal projections and bootstrap resampling procedures in the study of infraspecific variation
Authors: Duarte Luiza Carla , Von Zuben Fernando José , Reis Sérgio Furtado dos
Published: April 2005

The effect of an increase in quantitative continuous characters resulting from indeterminate growth upon the analysis of population differentiation was investigated using, as an example, a set of continuous characters measured as distance variables in 10 populations of a rodent species. The data before and after correction for allometric size effects using orthogonal projections were analyzed with a parametric bootstrap resampling procedure applied to canonical variate analysis. The variance component of the distance measures attributable to indeterminate growth within the populations was found to be substantial, although the ordination of the populations was not affected, as evidenced by the relative and absolute positions of the centroids. The covariance pattern of the distance variables used to infer the nature of the morphological differences was strongly influenced by indeterminate growth. The uncorrected data produced a misleading picture of morphological differentiation by indicating that groups of populations differed in size. However, the data corrected for allometric effects clearly demonstrated that populations differed morphologically both in size and shape. These results are discussed in terms of the analysis of morphological differentiation among populations and the definition of infraspecific geographic units.
Molecular biogeography of the Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae:Characiformes) in the Iguaçu, Tibagi, and Paraná Rivers
Authors: Dergam Jorge A. , Suzuki Harumi Irene , Shibatta Oscar A. , Duboc Luiz F. , Júlio Jr Horácio F. , Giuliano-Caetano Lúcia , Black IV William C.
Published: April 2005

Hoplias malabaricus, the common trahira, extended its range into the Iguaçu River sometime in the last decades. To determine levels of genetic differentiation in neighboring basins of this nominal taxon, as well as to unveil the source of the invading population, we analyzed patterns of similarity of RAPD-PCR genomic markers of samples from Paraná, Iguaçu and Tibagi Rivers. The high genetic diversity of samples from the Paraná and Tibagi Rivers suggested strong population structuring or even the occurrence of undescribed species. All alleles of the sample from the headwaters of Tibagi River were present in the sample from the Iguaçu River, which suggests that the former population or another population with similar genetic makeup, may be the source of the trahiras of the Iguaçu River.
Multiple soluble malate dehydrogenase of Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Perciformes)
Authors: Aquino-Silva Maria Regina de , Schwantes Maria Luiza B. , Schwantes Arno Rudi
Published: April 2005

A recent locus duplication hypothesis for sMDH-B* was proposed to explain the complex electrophoretic pattern of six bands detected for the soluble form of malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) in 84% of the Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Perciformes) analyzed (AB1B2 individuals). Klebe's serial dilutions were carried out in skeletal muscle extracts. B1 and B2 subunits had the same visual end-points, reflecting a nondivergent pattern for these B-duplicated genes. Since there is no evidence of polyploidy in the Cichlidae family, MDH-B* loci must have evolved from regional gene duplication. Tissue specificities, thermostability and kinetic tests resulted in similar responses from both B-isoforms, in both sMDH phenotypes, suggesting that these more recently duplicated loci underwent the same regulatory gene action. Similar results obtained with the two sMDH phenotypes did not show any indication of a six-banded specimen adaptive advantage in subtropical regions.
Embryology and cytogenetics of Eupatorium pauciflorum and E. intermedium (Compositae)
Authors: Bertasso-Borges Maristela Sanches , Coleman James Robert
Published: April 2005

The embryology of Eupatorium pauciflorum indicates diplospory with autonomous endosperm development. The embryo sac is of the polygonum type and the polar nuclei mostly fuse before anthesis. The occurrence of precocious embryo and endosperm development in unopened florets, and the total absence of germinated pollen grains on exposed stigmas, as well as the absence of pollen tubes in the ovules, indicate agamospermy to be obligate and embryo and endosperm development autonomous. The study of microsporogenesis revealed the total absence of pollen production in consequence of microsporocyte degeneration before the onset of meiosis, which resulted in absolute male sterility. E. pauciflorum was demonstrated to be an autotriploid with a basic set of 10 chromosomes, each represented three times. Embryological studies showed E. intermedium to undergo reductive meiosis with tetrad formation during megasporogenesis, followed by monosporic embryo sac development of the polygonum type. The polar nuclei fuse before anthesis. The egg cell invariably attains anthesis still undivided, without precocious embryony. Meiosis of microsporogenesis results in the regular formation of 10 bivalents and the subsequent stages of microsporogenesis are normal. Stigmatic loads indicate the regular occurrence of pollination with viable, functional grains. Karyotypic studies revealed a complement of 20 chromosomes separable into 10 pairs. It is concluded that E. pauciflorum, as represented by the material studied, is apomictic while E. intermedium is sexual.
Evidence of apomixis in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Nassar Nagib M.A. , Vieira Marco André R. , Vieira Clibas , Gratapaglia Dario
Published: April 2005

Apomixis maintains heterosis and avoids transmission of systemic pathogens which accompany vegetative propagation of cassava. An embryonic study of cleared ovules of two cassava clones in toto showed them to be of aposporic nature. Cytogenetic analysis of the two clones revealed an aneuploid structure (2n + 1) in apomictic individuals, whereas it was 2n in the sexually reproduced plants.
Use of seed protein polymorphism for discrimination of improvement level and geographic origin of upland rice cultivars
Authors: Montalván Ricardo , Ando Akihiko , Echeverrigaray Sérgio
Published: April 2005

Grain proteins from 58 Brazilian and nine Japanese upland rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) were electrophoretically separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Densitometric scanning of the electrophoretic profiles permitted the estimation of the relative concentration of 16 protein fractions, which were used as variables for the calculation of Fisher's canonical discriminating functions. Significant differences between mean values of protein fractions were useful in distinguishing Brazilian and Japanese cultivars, as well as improved and non-improved Brazilian rice cultivars in scattered plots. Electrophoretically detectable protein polymorphism in rice grain can indicate geographic origin as well as breeding improvement level of a cultivar. Improved cultivars were those released by plant breeding institutes.