bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping Latin American Open-Pollinated Varieties of Popcorn for Environments with Low Water Availability
Authors: Santos Talles de Oliveira , Amaral Junior Antônio Teixeira do , Bispo Rosimeire Barboza , Lima Valter Jário de , Kamphorst Samuel Henrique , Leite Jhean Torres , Santos Júnior Divino Rosa dos , Santos Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz , Oliveira Uéliton Alves de , Schmitt Kátia Fabiane Medeiros , Campostrini Eliemar , Moulin Monique Moreira , Viana Alexandre Pio , Gravina Geraldo de Amaral , Corrêa Caio Cezar Guedes , Gonçalves Gabriel Moreno Bernardo
Published: June 2021

Drought is a common abiotic stress in tropical and subtropical regions that limits the growth and development of agricultural crops, mainly impacting grain yield. Acting through plant breeding is the most viable alternative for obtaining genotypes more tolerant of environments with stress. This work aims to select popcorn genotypes for environments with drought and to identify discriminating traits for the evaluation of drought tolerance in popcorn germplasm. Fifteen Latin American populations of popcorn were evaluated in water stress (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. The evaluated traits were based in morpho-agronomic, physiological and radicular descriptors. Data were submitted to individual and joint ANOVA and GT Biplot analysis. Variability was detected between populations for all traits in both conditions. The drought caused a reduction of 30.61% and 3.5% in grain yield and popping expansion, respectively. Based in GT biplot analysis, 880POP was the most stable in WS and WW, being indicated as a promising population for cultivation in environments with water limitation. This study is going to allow the establishment of a collection of great importance to maize germplasm and to provide information to facilitate the process of selection in breeding programs focused on drought tolerance.
A Review on Cistus sp.: Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Zalegh Imane , Akssira Mohamed , Bourhia Mohammed , Mellouki Fouad , Rhallabi Naima , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Alkaltham Mohammed Saeed , Khalil Alyahya Heba , Mhand Rajaa Ait
Published: June 2021

Resistance to drugs is reaching alarming levels and is placing human health at risk. With the lack of new antimicrobials drugs, infectious diseases are becoming harder to treat. Hence, there is an increasing awareness of active phytochemicals with therapeutic functions. The tremendous research interest on the Cistus L. genus includes numerous plants used in traditional medicine by people living around the Mediterranean Sea, also resulted in some interesting discoveries and written literature. This review aimed at gathering scientific literature about Cistus species, describing phytochemical profiles and the various pharmacological activities. We also extensively reviewed the antimicrobial activities, including antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antibacterial potentials of Essential Oils (EO), raw extracts as well as isolated compounds. Mechanisms of action along with methods used are also investigated in this review. Considering the findings of the Cistus species extracts, this genus offers an adequate reserve of active phytochemicals since many have been used to create drugs. Therefore, this review work can serve society by providing a global view on Cistus L. sp. regarding pharmacological potentials and their chemical profiles.
The Assessment of Agrobiological and Disease Resistance Traits of Grapevine Hybrid Populations (Vitis vinifera L. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) in the Climatic Conditions of Crimea
Authors: Volynkin Vladimir , Vasylyk Irina , Volodin Vitalii , Grigoreva Elizaveta , Karzhaev Dmitry , Lushchay Ekaterina , Ulianich Pavel , Volkov Vladimir , Risovannaya Valentina , Blinova Sofiya , Alekseev Jakov , Gorislavets Svetlana , Likhovskoi Vladimir , Beatovic Aleksandar , Potokina Elena
Published: June 2021

The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.
Cissus verticillata Extract Decreases Neuronal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells and Ischemia in Gerbils by Reducing the Inflammation and Phosphorylation of MAPKs
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Kwon Hyun Jung , Jung Hyo Young , Lim Soon-Sung , Kang Beom-Goo , Jo Yong-Bok , Yu Dong-Sool , Choi Soo Young , Hwang In Koo , Kim Dae Won
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we examined the effects of Cissus verticillata leaf extracts (CVE) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and ischemia-induced neuronal damage in HT22 cells and gerbil hippocampus. Incubation with CVE produced concentration-dependent toxicity in HT22 cells. Significant cellular toxicity was observed with >75 μg/mL CVE. CVE treatment at 50 μg/mL ameliorated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species formation, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in HT22 cells. In addition, incubation with CVE significantly mitigated the increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 induced by H2O2 treatment in HT22 cells. In an in vivo study, the administration of CVE to gerbils significantly decreased ischemia-induced motor activity 1 d after ischemia, as well as neuronal death and microglial activation 4 d after ischemia, respectively. CVE treatment reduced the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α 6 h after ischemia. Furthermore, CVE treatment significantly ameliorated ischemia-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38. These results suggest that CVE has the potential to reduce the neuronal damage induced by oxidative and ischemic stress by reducing the inflammatory responses and phosphorylation of MAPKs, suggesting that CVE could be a functional food to prevent neuronal damage induced by ischemia.
The Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, an Excellent Model Organism for Elucidating Fundamental Molecular Mechanisms and Their Applications in Biofuel Production
Authors: Pancha Imran , Takaya Kazuhiro , Tanaka Kan , Imamura Sousuke
Published: June 2021

Microalgae are considered one of the best resources for the production of biofuels and industrially important compounds. Various models have been developed to understand the fundamental mechanism underlying the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs)/starch and to enhance its content in cells. Among various algae, the red alga Cyanidioschyzonmerolae has been considered an excellent model system to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the accumulation of TAG/starch in the microalga, as it has a smaller genome size and various biotechnological methods are available for it. Furthermore, C. merolae can grow and survive under high temperature (40 °C) and low pH (2–3) conditions, where most other organisms would die, thus making it a choice alga for large-scale production. Investigations using this alga has revealed that the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is involved in the accumulation of carbon-reserved molecules, TAGs, and starch. Furthermore, detailed molecular mechanisms of the role of TOR in controlling the accumulation of TAGs and starch were uncovered via omics analyses. Based on these findings, genetic engineering of the key gene and proteins resulted in a drastic increment of the amount of TAGs and starch. In addition to these studies, other trials that attempted to achieve the TAG increment in C. merolae have been summarized in this article.
Coping with the Challenges of Abiotic Stress in Plants: New Dimensions in the Field Application of Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana , Kumari Arpna , Harish  , Singh Vipin Kumar , Verma Krishan K. , Mandzhieva Saglara , Sushkova Svetlana , Srivastava Sudhakar , Keswani Chetan
Published: June 2021

Abiotic stress in plants is a crucial issue worldwide, especially heavy-metal contaminants, salinity, and drought. These stresses may raise a lot of issues such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, loss of photosynthetic efficiency, etc. that could alter crop growth and developments by affecting biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, causing a significant loss in productivity. To overcome the impact of these abiotic stressors, many strategies could be considered to support plant growth including the use of nanoparticles (NPs). However, the majority of studies have focused on understanding the toxicity of NPs on aquatic flora and fauna, and relatively less attention has been paid to the topic of the beneficial role of NPs in plants stress response, growth, and development. More scientific attention is required to understand the behavior of NPs on crops under these stress conditions. Therefore, the present work aims to comprehensively review the beneficial roles of NPs in plants under different abiotic stresses, especially heavy metals, salinity, and drought. This review provides deep insights about mechanisms of abiotic stress alleviation in plants under NP application.
Dry Matter Gains in Maize Kernels Are Dependent on Their Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Duration during Grain Filling
Authors: Olmedo Pico Lía B. , Vyn Tony J.
Published: June 2021

Progressive N assimilation by maize kernels may constrain dry matter (DM) accumulation and final kernel weights (KW). We sought to better understand whole-plant and kernel N mechanisms associated with incremental DM and N accumulation patterns in kernels during grain fill. Maize was grown with multiple fertilizer N rates and N timings or plant densities to achieve a wide N availability gradient. Whole-plant DM and N sampling enabled determination of apparent N nutrition sufficiency at flowering (NNIR1) and when linear-fill began (NNIR3). Linear-plateau, mixed-effects models were fitted to kernel DM and N accumulation data collected weekly from early R3. Higher N supply, regardless of application timing or plant density, increased grain-fill duration (GFD) and, more inconsistently, effective grain-filling rate (EGFR). Kernels accumulated DM and N for similar durations. Both final KW and kernel N content increased consistently with N availability mostly because of higher kernel N accumulation rates (KNAR) and duration (KNAD). Both NNIR1 and NNIR3 were positively associated with KNAD and KNAR, and less strongly with EGFR. These results confirm the direct role of kernel N accumulation, in addition to prior NNI, in limiting KW gain rates and duration during grain filling.
Assessment of Ensemble Learning to Predict Wheat Grain Yield Based on UAV-Multispectral Reflectance
Authors: Fei Shuaipeng , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , He Zhonghu , Chen Zhen , Shu Meiyan , Wang Jiankang , Li Changchun , Xiao Yonggui
Published: June 2021

Grain yield is increasingly affected by climate factors such as drought and heat. To develop resilient and high-yielding cultivars, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) techniques are essential for precise decisions in wheat breeding. The ability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral imaging and ensemble learning methods to increase the accuracy of grain yield prediction in practical breeding work is evaluated in this study. For this, 211 winter wheat genotypes were planted under full and limited irrigation treatments, and multispectral data were collected at heading, flowering, early grain filling (EGF), and mid-grain filling (MGF) stages. Twenty multispectral vegetation indices (VIs) were estimated, and VIs with heritability greater than 0.5 were selected to evaluate the models across the growth stages under both irrigation treatments. A framework for ensemble learning was developed by combining multiple base models such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process (GP), and ridge regression (RR). The R2 values between VIs and grain yield for individual base models were ranged from 0.468 to 0.580 and 0.537 to 0.598 for grain yield prediction in full and limited irrigation treatments across growth stages, respectively. The prediction results of ensemble models were ranged from 0.491 to 0.616 and 0.560 to 0.616 under full and limited irrigation treatments respectively, and were higher than that of the corresponding base learners. Moreover, the grain yield prediction results were observed high at mid grain filling stage under both full (R2 = 0.625) and limited (R2 = 0.628) irrigation treatments through ensemble learning based stacking of four base learners. Further improvements in ensemble learning models can accelerate the use of UAV-based multispectral data for accurate predictions of complex traits like grain yield in wheat.
Progressive Structure from Motion by Iteratively Prioritizing and Refining Match Pairs
Authors: Xiao Teng , Yan Qingsong , Ma Weile , Deng Fei
Published: June 2021

Structure from motion (SfM) has been treated as a mature technique to carry out the task of image orientation and 3D reconstruction. However, it is an ongoing challenge to obtain correct reconstruction results from image sets consisting of problematic match pairs. This paper investigated two types of problematic match pairs, stemming from repetitive structures and very short baselines. We built a weighted view-graph based on all potential match pairs and propose a progressive SfM method (PRMP-PSfM) that iteratively prioritizes and refines its match pairs (or edges). The method has two main steps: initialization and expansion. Initialization is developed for reliable seed reconstruction. Specifically, we prioritize a subset of match pairs by the union of multiple independent minimum spanning trees and refine them by the idea of cycle consistency inference (CCI), which aims to infer incorrect edges by analyzing the geometric consistency over cycles of the view-graph. The seed reconstruction is progressively expanded by iteratively adding new minimum spanning trees and refining the corresponding match pairs, and the expansion terminates when a certain completeness of the block is achieved. Results from evaluations on several public datasets demonstrate that PRMP-PSfM can successfully accomplish the image orientation task for datasets with repetitive structures and very short baselines and can obtain better or similar accuracy of reconstruction results compared to several state-of-the-art incremental and hierarchical SfM methods.
Toward Sustainable Healthcare Facilities: An Initiative for Development of “Mostadam-HCF” Rating System in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Balabel Ashraf , Alwetaishi Mamdooh
Published: June 2021

Saudi Arabia vision 2030 emphasizes the applications of sustainability concepts in all aspects of life in Saudi society. Accordingly, the Mostadam rating system for existing and new buildings was recently launched to achieve appropriate, sustainable building standards. In the medical field, sustainable healthcare facilities are an extension of the concept of sustainable buildings in terms of important sustainable healthcare parameters. Therefore, the sustainable development of healthcare facilities has great impacts on growing economic, social and environmental issues, which, in turn, improve Saudi society’s public health. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the urgent need for sustainable healthcare facilities to control the outbreak of such dangerous pandemics. Accordingly, the retrofitting of the existing healthcare facilities and the shift toward new sustainable ones have become an important objective of many countries worldwide. Currently, the concepts related to sustainable healthcare facilities are rapidly varying their scopes toward wider perspectives. Therefore, a new local rating system for healthcare facilities based on the potential and resources of sustainable healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia should be developed. The present paper investigates the development of a new version of the Mostadam rating system, known here as “Mostadam-HCF”, in relation to the local Mostadam rating system and in accordance with the LEED version 4.1 (BD + C: Health-care). This important step can help the existing and the new healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia to obtain, firstly, national accreditation and, consequently, to be internationally accredited. Moreover, the initiative of sustainable healthcare facilities can also help in fighting the current COVID-19 pandemic and the other possible future viruses in Saudi Arabia.
Carbon Footprint of Green Roofing: A Case Study from Sri Lankan Construction Industry
Authors: Nadeeshani Malka , Ramachandra Thanuja , Gunatilake Sachie , Zainudeen Nisa
Published: June 2021

At present, the world is facing many hurdles due to the adverse effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. A lot of rural lands and villages are merged into cities by citizens, resulting in high carbon emission, especially in the built environment. Besides, the buildings and the construction sector are responsible for high levels of raw material consumption and around 40% of energy- and process-related emissions. Consequently, the interest in defining the carbon footprint of buildings and their components is on the rise. This study assesses the carbon footprint of a green roof in comparison to a conventional roof in a tropical climate with the aim of examining the potential carbon emission reduction by a green roof during its life cycle. A comparative case study analysis was carried out between an intensive green roof and a concrete flat roof located on two recently constructed commercial buildings in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from interviews, project documents and past literature in addition to on-site data measurements and a comparison of life cycle carbon emissions of the two roof types was carried out. The results revealed that the operational phase has the highest contribution to the carbon footprint of both roof types. In the operational phase, the green roof was found to significantly reduce heat transfer by nearly 90% compared to the concrete flat roof and thereby contributed to an annual operational energy saving of 135.51 kWh/m2. The results further revealed that the life cycle carbon emissions of the intensive green roof are 84.71% lower compared to the conventional concrete flat roof. Hence, this study concludes that the use of green roofs is a suitable alternative for tropical cities for improving the green environment with substantial potential for carbon emission reduction throughout the life cycle of a building.
The Perception of Polish Business Stakeholders of the Local Economic Impact of Maritime Spatial Planning Promoting the Development of Offshore Wind Energy
Authors: Laskowicz Tomasz
Published: June 2021

The recently adopted maritime spatial plan for Polish sea waters promotes offshore wind farm (OWF) development. The study’s identification of the local municipalities affected by offshore development was based on the plan’s provisions. Through the analysis of the plan and literature findings, both positive and negative impacts of future OWF development were identified and examined. Such an analysis seems to be a precondition for the more active engagement of local stakeholders in the debate on the ways in which to best utilize the new opportunities created by the plan and cope with the threats resulting from maritime spatial planning (MSP). The key impacts recognized by the local business stakeholders have been related to landscape pollution and fishing limitations. Stakeholders less frequently have noticed positive impacts of MSP such as development of a new form of tourism. Up to this point, small municipalities have not undertaken sufficient action, and there is a lack of communication between developers, marine planners and coastal communities. Planners have not assessed the impact of their plan on local economic development. The proposed remedies cover standard actions related to communication, education and dialogue, but in addition to that, a consolidated action of local municipalities on how to capitalize on OWF development has been proposed. The first step proposed is preparation of a joint strategy by coastal municipalities addressing this issue.
When Bad Becomes Worse: Unethical Corporate Behavior May Hamper Consumer Acceptance of Cultured Meat
Authors: Rabl Vincent A. , Basso Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Cultured meat is an emerging food innovation that promises to be a more sustainable alternative to conventional meat. However, despite its potential health, environmental and animal welfare benefits, research suggests that consumer acceptance of cultured meat is not assured. Across two pre-registered experimental studies (N = 456), this article investigates the extent to which two different credence characteristics, namely corporate social responsibility (Study 1) and food safety (Study 2), lead to halo-based inferences that may affect the consumer acceptance of cultured meat. Results indicate that, whereas the halo effect of positive corporate behavior is negligible, negative corporate behavior yields a substantial negative halo effect on consumers’ attitudes towards cultured meat, which in turn decreases acceptance of cultured meat. Findings also reveal that these negative halo-based inferences are heightened among consumers who value highly corporate social responsibility (Study 1) and food safety (Study 2). Overall, this article reveals an asymmetric halo effect by showing that people tend to react strongly to negative, but not to positive, information about a cultured meat company. The implications of the present research are discussed in the conclusion.
Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge
Authors: Sánchez-López Rubén , Echeazarra Ibon , Castellano Julen
Published: June 2021

The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this study is to configure and validate an ad-hoc observational tool that allows evaluating the player’s PTK, understood as football competence, from the observation, coding and recording of the roles, the actions of the acquired subroles and the operational and specific principles of football in the attack and defense phases. Based on the Delphi method, a field format coding instrument was designed and validated where each criterion is a system of categories, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. The results showed excellent content validity (9.02 out of 10), and high values of intra-observer stability (k = 0.747) and inter-observer agreement (k = 0.665). Generalizability analysis showed an excellent reliability (G = 0.99). Additionally, the construct validity of the tool was calculated through a small-sided game Gk + 4v4 + Gk, using two independent samples: semi-professional and amateur players. The results reflected significant differences (α < 0.05) between both samples in the variables total score, offensive score and defensive score. Therefore, this study provides a valid and reliable instrument that allows data collection in a rigorous and pertinent way, as well as their analysis and evaluation in attack and defense according to the roles of the players and based on the motor behaviors that they perform using the subroles that they acquired, associated with the technical dimension, along with the principles that they develop in parallel, in support of the tactical dimension.
Organization of educational work in SAHEI TR «Tyumen medical college»
Authors: Khamova Vinera Shaikhullovna
Published: June 2021

The article provides information on the specifics of the organization and content of the educational process at SAHEI TR «Tyumen Medical College».
Research results on leadership and personal efficiency of senior nurses
Authors: Karaseva Larisa Arkadievna , Muntyan Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to study the leadership qualities of senior nurses and to analyze the relationship between leadership and personal effectiveness. Results: the leadership qualities were studied and the leadership abilities of senior nurses were assessed, the level of motivation and personal effectiveness of senior nurses was determined, practical recommendations were developed for the development of leadership abilities and personal effectiveness of nursing personnel. Conclusion: The results of the study made it possible to present objective information on the identification of leadership qualities and the level of personal effectiveness in the activities of nursing leaders.
Analysis of the nursing staff selection system by the example of a stationary medical organization
Authors: Arkhipova Svetlana Viktorovna , Bessonova Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to search for effective forms of selection of nursing personnel and their placement in a medical organization. Results: the analysis and study of the reasons for the turnover of nursing staff were carried out, effective forms of selection and placement of personnel in the organization were recommended. Conclusion: a qualitatively new level of development of the health care system cannot be achieved without the effective use of human resources. The study showed the role of personnel management, effective use of «human resources», rational selection of medical personnel.
Protocol and misusing its name
Authors: Gurgul Józef
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the criteria that are decisive in determining whether a given document can be referred to as Protocol within the meaning of the provisions of Chapter 16 of the Penal Code. From this point of view, the two-staged medico-legal postmortem inspection, consisting of an external inspection and autopsy (opening of the corpse) can be de lege lata documented by drawing up a medico-legal report, which is not considered a Protocol. The autopsy, artificially separated from an inspection (cf. Art. 209, par. 4 of the Penal codc), is carried out “in the presence” of a prosecutor, not under his supervision or with participation, by a forensic pathologist who is not authorized to draw up a Protocol. In the light of the above, Art. 209, par. 4 of the Penal Code should be amended for the sake of truth and justice.
Directions of development of a police information system designed to support documentation of investigations and technical-forensic activities
Authors:   National Police Headquarters, Białęcki Michał
Published: June 2021

The article presents an idea for the development and implementation of a police information system, Electronic Register of lnvestigations (ERCDŚ). The primary legal provisions governing the registration of activities performed by police officers and other employees during the screening and preparatory proceedings are indicated. The main purposes of the application, the scope of data processing as well as the ICT security requirements are discussed. Moreover, the article presents the directions of development of the electronic system, including its new functionalities.
Deborah Beaufort-Moore, Crime Scene Management and Evidence Recovery, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015, wyd. 2
Authors: Hołyst Brunon
Published: June 2021

The author emphasizes the importance of actions taken by police officers, who usually are the first to arrive at the crime scene, for a full explanation of the event. It is essential to provide them with basic knowledge of the types of forensic evidence, methods of its collection and securing. The results of operational activities of the police and other investigation services acting under Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) depend on the work of those police officers.
Preliminary studies of the initial segments of the trajectory of a shell shot load fired from a 12 calibre shotgun
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Bogiel Grzegorz , Ćwik Krzysztof ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

12 calibre guns and ammunition can be subjected to forensic examination, often there is a need to determine the distance a shot was fired. The article presented a new way to carry out such studies and focused on visualization and the determination of parameters forming a fired, shot cluster. The examination uses a high-speed camera and software for the analysis of the recorded films. As a result of the research dimensions and speed of the creation of a cluster of fired shot were achieved.
Use of drone for scene investigation
Authors:   Tomaszów Mazowiecki District Police Headquarters, Rusek Marek
Published: June 2021

This article aims at presenting the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) as tools for producing photomaps of the sites being investigated. This novel technology emerging in the civilian sector can provide additional documentation in the form of orthophotomaps to be included in the case file next to traditional documentation. Subsequently, an actual, horizontally projected, freely scalable image can effectively replace a traditional sketch-plan.
GLOSS to the judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 October 2016, II KK 157/16, Lex/el
Authors:   Warsaw Bar Association, Pawelec Kazimierz J.
Published: June 2021

The glossed decision of the Supreme Court is particularly important for the practice, inasmuch as it addresses two extremely important issues. On one hand, the decision expresses a general principle that the mere fact of a driver approaching a pedestrian crosswalk does not impose on him the obligation to perform excessive defensive maneuvers. On the other hand, it recognizes the need for a timely response, depending on the road conditions and situations. Thus, the decision addresses an important issue of the relationship between a driver and a pedestrian occurring at a crosswalk. Importantly, the provisions in force impose different obligations on drivers and pedestrians, the only common liability being a requirement for a particular caution. However, the above comments do not solve the conflict, because the existing legislation often imposes the obligation to do the impossible on a stronger traffic participant, i.e. the driver, which was recognized by the Supreme Court, which expressed an opinion diverging from the previous jurisprudence, all the more valuable, as it is sound and realistically approaching the issue in question.
A follow-up investigation of the defect of Walther P99 pistol
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Bogiel Grzegorz , Szymanik Paweł ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

This article presents an experimental reconstruction of a failure of the Walther P99 pistol, involving the tearing of a fragment of the breech face and ejecting weapon elements in the shooter’s eye direction. The tests were carried out with the use of a high-speed camera and the software for analysis of video recording. As a result of this experiment, the velocities and energy values of the elements tested were obtained.
Role of anthropological opinion in verification of eyewitness identification result
Authors:   SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Herbowski Piotr , Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska Dorota ,   Karol Marcinkowski Medical University in Poznań
Published: June 2021

Probative value of results obtained in the course of legal proceedings with the participants of the criminal act may vary. This also concerns results of identification by an eyewitness. The exceptional role of its result in the criminal trial derives from the fact that categorical identification of a suspect by the witness becomes directly incriminating evidence. Problems connected with verification of identification parade result, which often occur both in Poland and in other countries, have been presented on the basis of a real criminal case. The main evidence submitted by the prosecutor was identification of several people who had been suspected of theft by an eye witness. Some important doubts relating to their guilt, however, arose in the criminal trial in court several years after the crime. The court decided to use the help of an expert in the field of anthropological identification. Comprehensive analysis of the CCTV recordings from the crime scene and additional examinations carried out by an expert made it possible to verify the results of the identification parade objectively and precisely. For the defendants the anthropological opinion was just exculpatory evidence. However, it opened up new possibilities to obtain information, especially when low quality of CCTV recordings does not allow for a detailed analysis of the characteristics of morphological elements of the head including its front part which is the face.
Cold cases from the past, modern forensic tools and police cold case units, or crimen grave non potest esse impunibile – part I
Authors:   Police Academy in Szczytno, Zubańska Magdalena , Knut Przemysław ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

The article addresses the issues relating to the operations of the police cold case units as well as highlights the role of modern forensic tools in solving cases that were dismissed at the pre-trial stage, due to a failure to detect the perpetrators. The first section presents the genesis of the police X-Files and the phases of their development. In addition, the authors discuss the structure of the cold case units and the manner of conducting investigative analysis. Finally, the entities collaborating with the X-Files are indicated. This article was drawn up on the basis of a master’s thesis entitled: “Role of modern forensic tools in solving undetected crimes”, written under the supervision of dr. Magdalena Zubańskia and defended in 2016 at the Department of Internal Security of the Police Academy in Szczytno.
Recovery of forensic traces with use of state-of-the-art. imaging techniques – system for marking, tracing and maintaining chain of custody
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Frankowski Adam , Dębski Artur ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

The article describes the possibility of using modern techniques for crime scene imaging and a perspective of creating a system for denominating, tracing and maintaining the chain of custody of evidence. In particular, it presents the possibility of reproducing a crime scene based on recorded images and measurements performed with use of special markings. The Authors describe the chain of custody over the evidence and automation of procedures thanks to use of RFiD tags.
Cold cases from the past, modern forensic tools and police Cold Case Units, or crimen grave non potest esse impunibile – part II
Authors:   Police Academy in Szczytno, Zubańska Magdalena , Knut Przemysław ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

The article addresses the issues relating to the operations of the police Cold Case Units as well as the role of modern forensic tools in solving cases that were dismissed at the pre-trial stage, due to a failure to detect the perpetrators. The second part of the article describes selected methods and tools used at different stages of the X-Files investigations. The innovative solutions described are classified according to the place and purpose of application. Exemplary cases which have been solved with the use of innovative technological solutions are indicated.
Responsabilidad social en el sector hotelero de las zonas especiales turísticas de Quito
Authors:   , Avilés León Byron Eduardo
Published: June 2021

La responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) es una tendencia que busca el desarrollo empresarial basado en la sostenibilidad. En Ecuador, la correspondencia existente entre las partes interesadas (PI) y la gestión del sector hotelero de dos y tres estrellas de las zonas especiales turísticas de Quito basada en la RSE son desconocidas. Asimismo, se enfrentan los problemas de entender cuáles son las principales PI y cuál es la importancia atribuida a la RSE mediante la norma ISO 26000 para estos hoteles y sus huéspedes. Por ello, el objetivo general fue analizar los factores que dificultan a estos hoteles su adopción. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva, para la determinación de las PI se aplicó el modelo de Mitchell, Agle y Wood (1997) y modelos matemáticos para la identificación de los principales elementos de la norma ISO 26000 para las organizaciones y sus huéspedes, determinándose las principales limitaciones que enfrentan en su implementación. Esto permitió la identificación de las PI definitivas, cuyos criterios coinciden con la norma ISO 26000. Los factores más importantes para los empresarios fueron la gobernanza y las prácticas laborales, mientras que para los huéspedes todos son de interés; y la principal limitación; fue el tiempo disponible para implementarla.
Modelo de planificación estratégica a partir del análisis prospectivo para la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
Authors:   , Armijos Robles Lorenzo Adalid
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación aborda la temática de la planificación estratégica con base al enfoque prospectivo, y su utilidad para la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. El objetivo de la misma fue diseñar un modelo de planificación estratégica a partir del análisis prospectivo para esta institución de educación superior militar del Ecuador, sobre la base los principales conceptos, teorías y base normativa para este tipo de instituciones. Para el cumplimiento de dicho objetivo se aplicaron tanto métodos teóricos como empíricos, donde, especialmente el método de modelación permitió obtener la representación teórica del modelo propuesto, del cual fue validada su aplicabilidad en la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE mediante la consulta a expertos. La implementación metodológica de dicho modelo permitirá mejorar el proceso de planificación estratégica de esta institución, sobre la base del diseño de actividades que se requieren para aplicar el enfoque prospectivo a la planificación estratégica institucional.
Les champs de perceptions de la neutralité chrétienne des Témoins de Jéhovah au Cameroun : de la perception subversive à une perception civilisée d’un isolat identitaire (1938-2019)
Authors: Issekin Yvan
Published: June 2021

Cette contribution vise à interroger les significations des itinéraires de la neutralité chrétienne du mouvement jéhoviste au Cameroun face à un État ouvertement laïc entre 1938, année de son implantation et 2019, année de la fin de l’étude. Le contexte camerounais colonial et postcolonial correspond en effet aux configurations d’une « co-manipulation » « de la religion par l’État et des structures étatiques » (Njoya, 2006) dans la régulation symbolique du système politique. La structuration d’un quasi concordat entre l’État et les religions dans le vécu local de la laïcité conduit à une hiérarchisation charismatique des cultes au Cameroun par une dialectique étatique de classement et de déclassement des confessions religieuses. C’est dans ces configurations qu’émerge la « neutralité chrétienne » dans une remise en question de cette régulation quasi concordataire des religions au Cameroun. Cette neutralité chrétienne se définit en effet, comme un retrait volontaire des Témoins de Jéhovah des « affaires politiques des nations du monde actuel » (Zion’s Watch Tower, 1882, 8). Elle regroupe un ensemble d’attitudes et de comportements politiques dépendant d’un apolitisme religieux. Celui-ci va du refus de l’allégeance aux emblèmes nationaux (drapeau, hymne national, etc.) à l’abstention lors des scrutins électoraux. La neutralité chrétienne ou apolitisme jéhoviste apparaît transversale aux phases alternées de dissolution et de reconnaissance de ce mouvement messianique par l’État au Cameroun Blanchard, 2008). Quelles sont les différentes perceptions de la neutralité chrétienne au Cameroun ? À l’aide de l’approche socio-historique (Noiriel, 2008) et de la sociologie pragmatique (Lemieux, 2018), nous avons identifié deux grandes perceptions dans les trajectoires de la neutralité chrétienne au Cameroun. Une perception subversive de l’apolitisme jéhoviste sera d’abord dominante au cours des périodes coloniale et monopartisane. Elle précédera une autre perception liée à la relégitimation de la neutralité chrétienne au cours de la période de démocratisation du système politique camerounais. Il ressort de cette analyse que la neutralité chrétienne au Cameroun est un comportement consenti individuellement et collectivement par les Témoins de Jéhovah en vue de la survie de ce mouvement dans un contexte laïc hostile.
Laïcité : enjeux modernistes en Algérie, à l’aube du XXe siècle. Analyse discursive
Authors: El Hassar Abdelkader Salim
Published: June 2021

Cet article porte essentiellement sur le débat religieux et politique suscité, en Algérie, par les éléments de la première élite politique algérienne propulsée par l’élan « Jeune Algérien », au début du XXe siècle. Il développe dans une approche analytique discursive, de nature historisante, une analyse des sujets et leurs discours imprégnés par un environnement hostile marqué par les forces de la colonisation. L’entrée en contact de l’Islam avec l’Occident colonisateur a amené certains intellectuels dont les frères Ben Ali et Larbi Fekar ainsi que leur mentor Si M’hamed Ben Rahal à s’ouvrir au monde moderne celui des sciences et des nouvelles techniques y trouvant là la solution à tous les problèmes de retard du monde musulman d’où une réflexion sur l’évolution de la pensée religieuse, en favorisant notamment la laïcité et la modernité, exigeant des réformes en introduisant la notion de droits et de liberté. Le débat sur la laïcité va entraîner en Algérie en cette période de son histoire un bouillonnement intellectuel sans précédent mettant en avant les forces du renouveau et les idées progressistes d’un âge nouveau. C’est une période charnière, remarquablement intéressante, qui va voir le jour sous l’influence d’idées et de courants qui traversaient au même moment l’Algérie et d’une manière plus générale le monde arabe et musulman sous domination coloniale. Dans le monde musulman, la laïcité, impliquant la séparation de l’Église et de l’État, était perçue comme un processus politique d’assimilation et de désislamisation dans le cheminement constant des mécanismes de la colonisation enfonçant de ce fait, dans les sentiments de la masse musulmane, mais presque sans aucune contre-réaction, le litige historique de la France avec la religion dans ce pays. Le relais « Jeune Algérien », coïncidant avec l’émergence de l’intelligentsia moderne et des premières expressions du dire politique algérien, attachera une forme d’adhésion à la notion libérale de laïcité mais exprimera par le biais de ses figures de proues, Ben Ali et Larbi Fekar, sa pensée en expliquant aussi, que dans le contexte de l’occupation, la loi sur la séparation de l’Église et de l’État véhiculait une idéologie visant l’assimilation question épineuse qui va faire réagir les intellectuels en manifestant leur désaccord. Le climat de méfiance n’était pas aussi, sans témoigner déjà des clivages sur fond même de ruptures entre les Jeunes-Algériens laïques et islamistes, prônant un Islam conservateur. Dans ce fond idéologique, la pensée libérale des premiers intellectuels algériens issus de l’école française tentera constamment, de mettre en évidence et d’expliquer, d’un côté comme de l’autre, les contradictions qui font entorse aux principes à la base des deux civilisations française et musulmane.
MASS CULTURE (MASS ART) IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES
Authors: Besarab Olena
Published: June 2021

The research deals with phenomenon of mass art (mass culture) as one of the components of mass art modern world. An attempt to identify mass culture, mass art as a phenomenon is made and main approaches to its treatment and different aspects of its study in contemporary science are analysed. The first part of the work offers an overview of researchers’ views on the problem of definition of mass culture, mass art phenomenon and reveals ways of self-identification of it in the course of its development. Main features of mass culture, mass art are also studied. The second part of the work is devoted to the analysis of main approaches to the study of mass art and mass culture in early and in modern scientific works. As we see this phenomenon is widely examined by representatives of different research schools and scientific spheres. Philosophers, political scientists, writers, art critics, culturologists are involved in this process. The majority of the twentieth century researchers perceived mass culture as negative aspect of cultural social development because of its low level of quality and as a part of bourgeois culture focused on manipulating the minds of the masses. On the other hand the 21st century researchers realizing all the negative moments (idolatry, personality levelling) consider mass culture and mass art as natural necessary phenomenon of modern life, a base for development of professional art, a product of modern technology, show-business. The analyses of the phenomenon of mass art, mass culture gives us the picture of variety in opinions and approaches to this phenomenon as well as of the great number of aspects of scientific interest to the problem. In the majority of cases researchers’ concepts of mass culture, mass art clearly reflects the ideas of the periods they belong to.
«THE LANGUAGE OF CLOTHES» IN THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF SEMUEL RICHARDSON’S NOVEL «PAMELA»
Authors: Kaliberda Nataliia
Published: June 2021

The research is devoted to exploring the features of reception of Henry Fielding’s dramatic heritage. The aim of the study is to analyze literary critics’ research of Henry Fielding’s creative work. We make the conclusion that Henry Fielding’s unprecedented success was due to the relevance of the topics and issues which the author focuses on. The characters, plots and themes were extremely close to the audience of that time and that is why they gained incredible popularity. In literary criticism, it was thought that the dramatic works served as a kind of start for Fielding to create his further fundamental works. But the writer should be considered in several guises: Fielding as a playwright, Fielding as a journalist, Fielding as a novelist, each of which deserves the detailed study and can help to provide a complete picture of the search that became the key to success in each new round of his creative evolution. We consider the analysis of Fielding’s plays, which can become a material for studying the genre preferences of the writer, the key to the study of his novels and Fielding’s impact on the next generations of playwrights.