bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Arah dan Tebal Irisan Rimpang Terhadap Rendemen Flavonoid, Berat Kering dan Performa Simplisia Umbi Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) Setelah Pengeringan
Authors: Ermawati Devi , Prihastanti Erma , Hastuti Endah Dwi
Published: October 2021

Simplisia merupakan bahan alami sebagai bahan pembuatan obat yang belum mengalami pengolahan. Pengirisan merupakan salah satu tahap penting dalam pembuatan bahan simplisia untuk mempermudah dalam proses pengepakan, penyimpanan dan penggilingan. Pengirisan dapat dilakukan secara melintang atau membujur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh arah dan tebal irisan rimpang terhadap rendemen flavonoid, berat kering dan performa simplisia umbi garut (Maranta arundinaceaL.) setelah pengeringan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium BSF Tumbuhan UNDIP. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2X2 dengan perlakuan kombinasi ketebalan (3 mm dan 5 mm) dan arah irisan (membujur dan melintang). Parameter penelitian meliputi berat kering dan performa simplisia yang meliputi warna, kekerasan, dan aroma pada simplisia kering. Analisis data menggunakan Anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arah irisan berpengaruh terhadap berat kering simplisia, sedangkan interaksi antara tebal dan arah irisan tidak berpengaruh terhadap berat kering simplisia umbi garut. Arah irisan berpengaruh terhadap berat kering dan performa simplisia umbi garut, tebal irisan berpengaruh terhadap rendemen flavonoid. Crude simplisia is natural material for making medicine, which has not undergo processing, packing, drying and saving. Slicing is an important step in making medicine because in this process the loss of some parts could ease the process of packing and milling. Slicing could be done diagonally or longitudinally. A Different way of slicing could affect this simplisia. This study aimed to examine the influence of slicing direction, the thickness of slices, and its combination on the dry weight and the performance of arrowroot. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of BSF Tumbuhan UNIDIP. The design used was Completely Randomized Design with combination treatment of thickness (3mm and 5mm) and slice direction (diagonally and longitudinally). The parameter of this research used dry weight by weighing after the drying process and the performance (by measuring color, hardness, and the aroma of dried simplisia). The data analysis used Analysis of Variance. The findings showed that slice direction influenced the weight loss on simplisia, but the interaction did not influence on the dry weight of arrowroot simplisia. Slice direction affects dry weight and performance of arrowroot simplicia, slice thickness affects flavonoid yield.
Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Beralkohol (Ciu) Terhadap Histomorfometri Ren Mencit (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Yusuf Aida Ridwanah , Tana Silvana , Saraswati Tyas Rini
Published: October 2021

Ciu merupakan salah satu minuman beralkohol yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Konsumsi Ciu dapat merusak jaringan dan organ tubuh, karena hasil metabolisme alkohol merupakan molekul reaktif yang berupa Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi Ciu terhadap perubahan histomorfologi ren. Penelitian menggunakan 15 ekor mencit jantan dengan Desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 kelompok perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu T0: mencit tidak diberikan perlakuan Ciu, T1: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 1 x 0,2ml/hari, dan T2: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 2 x 0,2ml/hari. Parameter pengukuran antara lain bobot ren, diameter glomerulus, lebar ruang Bowman, ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus distal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncanpada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Ciu memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot ren, ukuran sel epitel tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus distal. Kesimpulan, pemberian Ciu pada mencit dapat merubah histomorfometri dan menurunkan bobot ren. Ciu is one of an alcoholic beverages that widely consumed by Indonesian people. Ciu consumption could damage body tissues and organs, because the result of alcohol metabolism is a reactive molecule that forms Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The study aims to analyze the effect of Ciu consumption on ren histomorphometry changes. The study used 15 male mice with Completed Random Design with 3 treatment groups and 5 repetitions, i.e. T0: mice were not given Ciu treatment, T1: mice were treated with Ciu 1 x 0,2ml/day, T2: mice were treated with Ciu 2 x 0,2ml/day. The measurement parameters are ren weight, glomerular diameter, Bowman space width, epithelial cell size and lumen diameter of proximal tubules, and epithelial cell size and lumen diameter of distal tubules. Data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The result of the study showed that giving Ciu had a significant effect on ren weight (P<0,05), epithelial cell size of proximal tubule, and lumen diameter of distal tubule. In conclusion, Ciu given to mice could change the histomorphometry and decrease weight of its ren.
Efek Serbuk Kunyit dan Kurkumin pada Spermatogenesis Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diberi Minuman Beralkohol
Authors: Hanisa Helena Chika Valencia , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang dapat digunakan sebagai zat antiinflamasi dan membantu memperbaiki sel-sel yang rusak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin pada jumlah dan ukuran sel spermatogonium; spermatosit primer; dan spermatosit sekunder; bobot testis serta diameter tubulus seminiferus Mus musculus yang diberi minuman beralkohol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 12 ekor Mus musculus jantan yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 kontrol alkohol, R2 pemberian serbuk kunyit sebanyak 0,1 mg/hari, R3 pemberian kurkumin sebanyak 0,01 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 30 hari. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0.05) pada jumlah spermatogonium dan ukuran sel (spermatogonium, spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder), namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada (P<0,05) pada bobot testis, diameter tubulus seminiferus dan jumlah sel (spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder). Turmeric contains curcumin compounds that can be used as anti-inflammatory substances and help repair damaged cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of turmeric powder and curcumin on the number and size of spermatogonia cells; primary spermatocytes; and secondary spermatocytes; testicular weight and diameter of the seminiferous tubules of Mus musculus given alcoholic beverages. This study is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD), using 12 male Mus musculus which were divided into 4 treatment groups and 3 replications. R0 is control, R1 is alcohol control, R2 is 0.1 mg/day of turmeric powder, R3 is 0.01 mg/day of curcumin. The treatment was given for 30 days. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of spermatogonia and cell size (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes), but there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in testicular weight, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of cells (primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes).
Bobot Karkas dan Morfometri Serabut Muskulus Pektoralis Itik Pengging Periode Layer Setelah Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor Dalam Pakan
Authors: Gibran Muhammad Alvin , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: October 2021

Kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan tanaman fungsional yang mengandung nutrisi dan antioksidan. Daun tanaman ini digunakan sebagai bahan pakan karena nutriennya yang lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh substitusi tepung daun kelor dalam pakan itik pengging periode layer pada bobot karkas dan ukuran serabut muskulus pektoralis. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan 60 ekor itik dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan. Pengulangan tiap perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali dengan 4 ekor itik setiap ulangan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol (K0) menggunakan pakan standar; K1 menggunakan 97,5% pakan standar dan 2,5% tepung daun kelor; K2 menggunakan 95% pakan standar dan 5% tepung daun kelor; K3 menggunakan 92,5% pakan standar dan 7,5% tepung daun kelor; K4 menggunakan 90% pakan standar dan 10% tepung daun kelor. Analisis data menggunakan one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa substitusi pakan dengan tepung daun kelor tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap bobot karkas, bobot muskuli pektoralis, dan ukuran serabut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung daun kelor pada pakan itik pengging periode bertelur tidak memberikan dampak pada bobot karkas, muskulus pektoralis, dan diameter serabut otot. Nutrien lebih banyak diarahkan untuk produksi telur daripada sintesis karkas.Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a functional plant that contains lots of nutrients and antioxidants. The leaves on this plant are often used as a feed ingredient because of their potential to increase growth and cells development. The objective of the study is to examine moringa leaf inclusion meal on carcass weight and size of pectoral musculus fibrils of sexually mature laying ducks. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments. Treatment was repeated 3 times. Feeding were carried out at 07.00 WIB and 16.00 WIB. Treatment Control (K0) used standard feed; treatment 1 (K1) used 97.5% standard feed and 2.5% moringa leaf meal; treatment 2 (K2) used 95% standard feed and 5% Moringa leaf meal; treatment 3 (K3) used 92.5% standard feed and 7.5% Moringa leaf meal; treatment 4 (K4) used 90% standard feed and 10% moringa leaf meal. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression test using SPSS version 25. The results showed that feed substitution on Moringa leaves did not have a significant effect on carcass weight and fibril size of treated and control ducks. In conclusion, substitution of Moringa leaf meal in pengging ducks feed on layer period had no impact of carcass and pectoral muscles weight, and could not change the diameter of pectoral muscles fibril. Nutrient and energy leads to egg production than carcass synthesis.
The Disciplinary and Criminal Liability of Judges in Poland. A Criminalistics Study of Cases of Disciplinary and Criminal Liability of Judges in the Years 2010–2018
Authors: Hrehorowicz Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

The article presents basic findings about the disciplinary and criminal liability of common courts judges in Poland. These findings are presented from a criminalistics perspective. The article provides data on the following issues: the basics of the disciplinary and criminal liability of judges, the number of disciplinary cases of judges in the years 2010–2018 and the number of criminal cases of judges in the years 2001–2017, categories of the disciplinary violations and crimes committed, decisions taken in cases of disciplinary violations, and imposed penalties. The article is based on an examination of Supreme Court verdicts issued in disciplinary cases of judges and data provided by the Ministry of Justice
Effects of sea urchin and herbivorous gastropod removal, coupled with transplantation, on seaweed forest restoration
Authors: Hong Seokwoo , Kim Junsu , Ko Young Wook , Yang Kwon Mo , Macias Daniela , Kim Jeong Ha
Published: October 2021

This study aims to investigate the relative effects of urchin removal, non-urchin gastropod herbivores removal, and transplantation on macroalgal forest restoration using an additive manipulation design. A field experiment was conducted in subtidal urchin barren rocks in the eastern coast of South Korea from August 2017 to June 2020 with three experimental treatments: no urchins (NU), NU plus no herbivorous gastropods (NH), NH plus Ecklonia bicyclis transplant (NHT). Six months after experiment initiation, seaweed abundance rapidly increased in all three experimental treatments. The highest peak was found in the spring season of the first year (2018). The year-to-year variations became smaller throughout the survey period. The results of comparing NU and control site indicated that urchin removal had an exclusive effect on algal recovery while additional removal of herbivorous gastropods did not affect algal recovery quantitatively. With the successful establishment of E. bicyclis, the community assemblages of the three treatments became more distinct in the subsequent years, showing diverse dominance in NU, red algal dominance in NH, and dominance of E. bicyclis canopy and understory groups in NHT. This study provides evidence that urchin removal on its own from barren grounds can lead to rapid restoration of seaweed forest in subtidal habitats.
Lexical richness development in Chinese second language writing: empirical research based on Cambodian Chinese learners
Authors: Zhang Huan
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the developmental features of lexical richness in Chinese compositions by Cambodian native speakers (n = 40) and the relationship between lexical richness and writing quality in Chinese Second Language (CSL) writing from three dimensions of lexical variation, lexical sophistication and lexical error rate.The results show that with the improvement of Chinese level, there are notable increases in lexical variation (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and lexical sophistication (p = 0.000 < 0.05). As for lexical errors, the overall lexical error rate is decreasing. Among which, the form error rate is decreasing obviously (p = 0.000 < 0.05), while the usage error rate is increasing, but not significantly (p = 0.039 > 0.005). Multiple regression analysis shows that lexical sophistication and lexical error rate are more closely related to CSL writing quality, which can predict writing quality well, while lexical variation has less impact on writing quality.
漢語移動事件中「來」與「過來」之探究
Authors: 惠貞 蕭 , 吟玲 魏
Published: October 2021

提要

漢語指示動詞「來」與「過來」皆表示移動主體朝向指示中心之移動 (齊滬揚，1996)，反映說話者與移動主體之間的參照關係,但兩者存在細微的差異。據此, 本文旨在考察移動事件中「來」與「過來」各別側重的認知概念, 以釐清兩個動詞所指涉的移動事件有何異同。透過語料庫分析研究與漢語母語者實證調查,本研究結果顯示:「來」與「過來」分別突顯不同的認知概念,「來」強化終點參照, 弱化路徑概念, 可用於描述較抽象的移動事件; 相較之下, 「過來」則突顯過程路徑, 多用於表示具體移動路徑的移動事件。然而, 由於「過來」受限於強化過程路徑的概念,無法用於抽象移動事件中,因此「來」的使用範圍較「過來」廣。
Appling the computational fluid dynamics studies of the thermogravitational column for N2-CO2 and He-Ar gas mixtures separation
Authors: Salimi Hesam , Hashemipour Neda , Karimi-Sabet Javad , Amini Younes
Published: October 2021

In the present work, three-Dimensional stationary numerical simulations were accomplished for a deeper understanding of the gas mixtures separation by the thermogravitational column. To address the optimum condition and examine the limitation of the process, the thermogravitational column behavior has been thoroughly analyzed. First, the simulation model was validated by the experimental results of Youssef et al. then the model was developed for the pilot column. The mixture of helium-argon was chosen as feed composition. It was concluded that the variation of the separation factor in relation to pressure for both columns was almost the same. The optimum condition verified as

p
=
0.2
 atm
,
θ
=
0.4
,
m
°
=
4
 
SCCM

$p=0.2\text{atm},\theta =0.4,m{}^{\circ}=4\hspace{0.17em}\text{SCCM}$

.
Automatisiertes klinisches Codieren
Authors: Illing Susan
Published: October 2021

Die in diesem Artikel vorgestellte Bachelorarbeit behandelt die Ergebnisse einer Shared Task im Bereich eHealth. Es wird untersucht, ob die Klassifikationsgenauigkeit ausgewählter klinischer Codiersysteme durch den Einsatz von Ensemble-Methoden verbessert werden kann. Entscheidend dafür sind die Werte der Evaluationsmaße Mean Average Precision und F1-Maß.
Complementary mechanisms of modulation of spontaneous phasic contractions by the gaseous signalling molecules NO, H2S, HNO and the polysulfide Na2S3 in the rat colon
Authors: Pouokam Ervice , Vallejo Adriana , Martínez Emma , Traserra Sara , Jimenez Marcel
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may be produced during inflammation leading to the formation of NO, H2S or HNO. Enzymes such as iNOS, CSE and CBS might also be responsible for polysulfide production. Since these signalling molecules might have an impact on colonic motility, the aim of this study was to compare their effect on rat colonic slow phasic contractions (SPC).

Methods

Organ bath measurements with strips obtained from rat proximal colon were performed using the polysulfide Na2S3, sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), Angeli’s salt as NO, H2S, and HNO donors, respectively. TTX (1 µM) was used to block neuronal activity.

Results

All four molecules, concentration-dependently, inhibited the amplitude and frequency of SPC both in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer. The relative potency was NaNP>Angeli’s salt>NaHS>Na2S3. The inhibitory response induced by NaNP (1 µM) and Angeli’s salt (50 µM) was reversed by ODQ (10 µM) whereas the inhibitory effect of NaHS (1 mM) was reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). Na2S3 (1 mM) response was partially reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). High concentrations of Na2S3 caused an increase in tone. Low concentrations of NaHS or Na2S3 did not potentiate NaNP responses.

Conclusions

All signalling molecules inhibit SPC in both muscle layers. The effect is independent of neural activity and involves guanylyl cyclase (NO and HNO) and SKCa and KATP channels (NaHS or Na2S3). Other pathways might also be involved in Na2S3 responses. Accordingly, complementary mechanisms of inhibition might be attributable to these signalling molecules.
The effects of saffron petals and damask rose petals on biochemical and inflammatory measurements
Authors: Majidi Nazanin , Kosari Monfared Mahboubeh , Mazaheri-Eftekhar Fatemeh , Movahedi Ariyo , Karandish Majid
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by high blood sugar greatly affected by diet. The chemical medicines applied to treat diabetes usually have side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron petals, damask rose petals, and saffron-damask rose petal herbal teas on weight loss, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and the inflammatory factors of diabetic rats.

Methods

In this study, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats with an average age of four weeks received a high-calorie, high-fat, high-sugar diet for nine weeks. The rats were then randomly assigned to five groups, including normal, control, saffron petal, damask rose petal, and saffron plus damask rose petal groups. For nine weeks, 3 mL of the herbal tea was administered to the intervention groups daily through oral gavage. The levels of FBS, lipid profile, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were measured following the intervention.

Results

Saffron petals reduced weight gain, Triglyceride (TG), and HbA1c and increased hs-CRP and IGF-1 (all p < 0.05). The damask rose petal reduced weight gain, FBS, hs-CRP, and HbA1c and increased the IGF-1 (all p < 0.05). Saffron plus damask-rose petals reduced the weight gain, TG, hs-CRP and HbA1c, and increase IGF-1 factor (all p < 0.05) compared to the control group. No significant effect was found on visceral fat, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Compared with the normal group, saffron petals and damask rose petals increased the FBS, HDL, and LDL levels. Damask rose and the combination of saffron petals and damask rose decreased IGF-1 compared with the normal group (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Saffron and damask rose petals could have beneficial effects on improving the status of biochemical markers. The simultaneous use of saffron and damask rose may counteract the adverse effects of saffron on inflammatory indices.
Is discourse made up of sentences? Focusing on dependent grafted speech in modern standard Japanese
Authors: Sadanobu Toshiyuki
Published: October 2021

The idea that discourse is made up of sentences has been widespread among linguists. Does this traditional discourse perspective (“sententialism”) apply to casual language in daily communication? This paper examines the validity of sententialism by focusing on a type of speech called “dependent grafted speech” in Japanese conversation. Close examinations of various words, phrases, and sentences reveal that dependent grafted speech is different from sentences on two points: (i) Generally, the lexical accent of the copula at the beginning of dependent grafted speech is a high tone; and (ii) the interaction particle at the end of dependent grafted speech is not uttered with a falling intonation unless it is proceeded by a very abrupt rising intonation (“leaping” intonation). These findings cast doubt on the status of dependent grafted speech as a sentence. Moreover, they demonstrate a new conception of discourse as a mixture of diverse constituents, including sentences, dependent grafted speech, and other utterance types.
The interrogative intonation in the Kunigami dialect of Okinoerabu, Ryukyu
Authors: Yokoyama Akiko
Published: October 2021

Cross-linguistically, intonation patterns for yes/no questions rise in many languages. However, there are multiple reports of interrogative sentences with falling intonation in Japanese dialects. It is said that five types of interrogative intonation exist in Japanese dialects: rising, where the end of the sentence always rises; falling 1, where the end of the sentence always falls; falling 2, where the interrogative appears morphologically in the sentence, and the sentence falls; complement, where tone in the sentence falls if the interrogative morphologically appears and rises if it does not; and gradual rise, where the tone gradually rises until the end of the sentence. However, the Kunigami dialect does not adhere to these patterns. In Kunigami yes/no questions, the tone falls if an interrogative morphologically appears but reveals a distinctive intonation from a declarative sentence if it does not. Therefore, in the case of Kunigami, the interrogative intonation typology should not be reconstructed on the basis of absolute rise or fall but on the basis of contrast with a declarative sentence.
Barbatoriam facere. Distinktion und Transgression in der römischen Kaiserzeit
Authors: Degelmann Christopher
Published: October 2021

While clothing issues of the Romans have been researched in recent years, the examination of facial hair has so far been rather unexplored. Therefore, little attention has been paid to the ceremonial first shave of young Romans (barbatoria), although beard growth, shaving and care provided information about hierarchies and identity, alleged sexual practices or periods of life cycle. The ritual of barbatoria was hence accompanied by assumptions about the character of a person.The article shows these dimensions of barbatoria using the examples of Octavian/Augustus, Caligula, Nero and Elagabalus. In doing so, it aims at pointing to the possibilities of distinction as well as transgression for staging the status as a young, wealthy Roman citizen that is becoming a ‘real man’.
The Emperor at the Council. Imperial Interventions in Late Antique Church Councils in Literary Sources and Documentary Records
Authors: Andriollo Luisa
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the modes of imperial interactions with Church councils, focusing on the emperor’s participation in episcopal meetings and its representation in late antique sources, both literary and documentary. The author argues that the availability and strategic dissemination of conciliar records could affect, for better or worse, the understanding of the imperial religious policy and attitude towards Church institutions. This is most clearly illustrated by Marcian’s behaviour at Chalcedon, and by the active steps he took to produce an official and imperially endorsed edition of the conciliar acts. The significance of Marcian’s initiatives emerges more clearly when placed in the context of developing practices with respect to conciliar procedure (and the imperial role therein) and the circulation of conciliar information. After considering possible precedents in both these fields, the article reconstructs the early circulation and reception of the Chalcedonian acts, focusing particularly on the records of the sixth session, which was presided by the emperor himself. The author discusses the role played by the imperial initiative at the council and in its aftermath, and how it contributed to shape the reception of Marcian’s image as a Christian ruler.
Grayscale-patterned metal-hydrogel-metal microscavity for dynamic multi-color display
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Dandan , Ying Yunbin , Zhou Hao , Liu Xiaokai , Hu Xin , Chen Yingxin , Li Qiang , Zhang Xuefeng , Qiu Min
Published: October 2021

Dynamic structural color based on tunable optical resonance plays a key role in applications including encryption visualization, camouflage and colorimetric sensing. However, the current design requires either complex growth processes of the high-quality tunable materials or complicated circuit designs. This work makes a humidity-swelling hydrogel layer for metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure in the dynamic multi-color display. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel structure is patterned through grayscale e-beam lithography and the controlled PVA thickness leads the programmable reflective resonance covering the entire visible range. By varying the ambient humidity between 9.8 and 90.1% RH, the reflective resonance of the structure is tailored across a wavelength range over 100 nm. Our materials platform of humidity-sensitive hydrogel resist presents a novel approach of the stepwise and reversible optical tunability for photonic devices.
Plasmonic nanocrystals on polycarbonate substrates for direct and label-free biodetection of Interleukin-6 in bioengineered 3D skeletal muscles
Authors: Lopez-Muñoz Gerardo A , Fernández-Costa Juan M , Ortega Maria Alejandra , Balaguer-Trias Jordina , Martin-Lasierra Eduard , Ramón-Azcón Javier
Published: October 2021

The development of nanostructured plasmonic biosensors has been widely widespread in the last years, motivated by the potential benefits they can offer in integration, miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities, and enhanced performance label-free biodetection in a wide field of applications. Between them, engineering tissues represent a novel, challenging, and prolific application field for nanostructured plasmonic biosensors considering the previously described benefits and the low levels of secreted biomarkers (≈pM–nM) to detect. Here, we present an integrated plasmonic nanocrystals-based biosensor using high throughput nanostructured polycarbonate substrates. Metallic film thickness and incident angle of light for reflectance measurements were optimized to enhance the detection of antibody–antigen biorecognition events using numerical simulations. We achieved an enhancement in biodetection up to 3× as the incident angle of light decreases, which can be related to shorter evanescent decay lengths. We achieved a high reproducibility between channels with a coefficient of variation below 2% in bulk refractive index measurements, demonstrating a high potential for multiplexed sensing. Finally, biosensing potential was demonstrated by the direct and label-free detection of interleukin-6 biomarker in undiluted cell culture media supernatants from bioengineered 3D skeletal muscle tissues stimulated with different concentrations of endotoxins achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of ≈ 0.03 ng/mL (1.4 pM).
Recent developments and future perspectives on neuroelectronic devices
Authors: Rinklin Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Neuroscientific discoveries and the development of recording and stimulation tools are deeply connected. Over the past decades, the progress in seamlessly integrating such tools in the form of neuroelectronic devices has been tremendous. Here, we review recent advances and key aspects of this goal. Firstly, we illustrate improvements with respect to the coupling between cells/tissue and recording/stimulation electrodes. Thereafter, we cover attempts to mitigate the foreign body response by reducing the devices’ invasiveness. We follow up with a description of specialized electronic hardware aimed at the needs of bioelectronic applications. Lastly, we outline how additional modalities such as optical techniques or ultrasound could in the future be integrated into neuroelectronic implants.
Computational and traveling wave analysis of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations: An exact and analytical study
Authors: Durur Hülya , Yokuş Asıf , Abro Kashif Ali
Published: October 2021

Computational and travelling wave solutions provide significant improvements in accuracy and characterize novelty of imposed techniques. In this context, computational and travelling wave solutions have been traced out for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations by means of (1/G′)-expansion method. The different types of solutions have constructed for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations in hyperbolic form. Moreover, solution function of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations has been derived in the format of logarithmic nature. Since both equations contain exponential terms so the solutions produced are expected to be in logarithmic form. Traveling wave solutions are presented in different formats from the solutions introduced in the literature. The reliability, effectiveness and applicability of the (1/G′)-expansion method produced hyperbolic type solutions. For the sake of physical significance, contour graphs, two dimensional and three dimensional graphs have been depicted for stationary wave. Such graphical illustration has been contrasted for stationary wave verses traveling wave solutions. Our graphical comparative analysis suggests that imposed method is reliable and powerful method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.
CompVision: An open-source five-compartmental software for biokinetic simulations
Authors: Beni Mehrdad Shahmohammadi , Watabe Hiroshi , Yu Kwan Ngok
Published: October 2021

Simulations and numerical analysis of physical problems are important steps toward understanding underlying mechanisms of the processes. Important examples would be medical physics and medical imaging. Compartmental modeling has been found useful for estimating the transport and temporal variations of drugs/contaminants (commonly used in medical physics and medical imaging) in different organs, given that different organs would be modeled as compartments. Recycling among these modeled compartments (i.e., organs) was allowed through defining sets of constant transfer rates. In order to mathematically define these systems, one needs to use sets of differential equations (depending on the number of compartments) which would in fact be time-consuming and prone to mathematical error. Considering these issues, there is a need for a versatile computer program that is accurate, robust, and user-friendly to perform the required computations automatically. In the present work, we developed and benchmarked an open-source computer program entitled CompVision that was able to simulate five-compartmental systems. The present software had an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) for the users. The executable program and the source codes were made available publicly under GPLv3 license, which would allow everyone to use, modify, and distribute without any restriction. The present program would be useful in a variety of research fields and applications.
An electrically switchable wideband metamaterial absorber based on graphene at P band
Authors: Wang Liansheng , Xia Dongyan , Fu Quanhong , Ding Xueyong , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2021

Graphene has the capability of dynamically tuning its conductivity through gate voltage. Based on this fact, an electrically switchable wideband metamaterial absorber at low frequencies is presented and investigated in this paper. Our calculated results show that its absorption is over 90% from 400 to 1,000 MHz with the Fermi level of graphene being at 0 eV and the absorption band can be switched by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene without changing its physical structure. Moreover, the surface current distribution enables us to reveal the switchable wideband absorption characteristics of our designed metamaterial absorber. At last, we prove that its absorption property is polarization-insensitive due to the rotational symmetry of the structural unit. This work may provide a further step in the development of switchable sensors and absorbers at low frequencies.
Study on the adaptability of binary flooding in a certain oil field
Authors: Ma Liping , Liu Xiaochun , Yang Qing , Lu Wei , Wang Shitou , Ren Jianke , Fan Zhenzhong , Wang Biao
Published: October 2021

To explore the synergistic mechanism of polymer and surfactant in the binary combination flooding of low-permeability reservoirs, the adaptability experiment of polymer salt-resistant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and nonionic surfactant was carried out in the indoor system. Experiments at different ratios are also performed. The results show that the selected poly/surface binary flooding system increases with the concentration of polymer or surfactant, the viscosity of the poly/surface binary system also increases and, at the same time, has better temperature and salt resistance. The viscosity of the binary system will decrease when the salinity increases. When the surfactant concentration CS = 0.2% and the polymer concentration CP = 0.2%, the viscosity of the system is the highest. The viscosity of the poly/table binary system at different concentrations decreases when the temperature rises: pure polymer (CP = 0.2%), poly/table binary system displacement fluid CP = 0.1% + CS = 0.2% and CP = 0.2% + CS = 0.2%; and the injection pressure first rises and then drops. The final recovery rate is 51.8%, which meets the development of most oil reservoirs.
Numerical investigation of tubular expansion and swelling elastomers in oil wells
Authors: Qamar Sayyad Zahid
Published: October 2021

Solid expandable tubular technology and swelling elastomer seals find extensive use in the repair of aging reservoirs. To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness, they have also become an integral part of new developments such as slim wells and completions with reduced or no cementing. This work reports the use of numerical simulation to investigate the joint use of expandable tubulars and swell packers in various petroleum drilling applications. Material properties of steel tubular and five different swelling elastomers are obtained through mechanical testing. Simulations are performed to study the sealing pressure at the elastomer-formation boundary. Different parameters are studied, such as elastomer material, expansion or compression ratio, seal length, seal thickness, tubular end condition, and formation type. Higher values of rubber elasticity, tubular expansion (expansion ratio), and elastomer compression result in higher seal contact pressure. Contact pressure is higher when the elastomer is pressing against wellbore formation as compared to steel outer casing (zero friction vs. friction), and when the formation is assumed to be rigid as compared to elastic or elastic-plastic. Results of this investigation can be used both for performance evaluation and design enhancement of coupled solid-expandable-tubular and swellable-packer applications.
Rapid sensitive bioscreening of remdesivir in COVID-19 medication: Selective drug determination in the presence of six co-administered therapeutics
Authors: Abdel Moneim Mona M. , Kamal Miranda F. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A.
Published: October 2021

The widespread coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, has resulted in global lockdowns and excess mortality. Remdesivir (RM) is the first and only antiviral drug that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved so far for COVID-19. The treatment protocol involves multidrug combinations, basically depending on RM, in addition to antimicrobials, antipyretics, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. This study develops and validates sensitive and selective RM screening in spiked human plasma in the presence of commonly co-administered drugs. Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, paracetamol, dexamethasone, and anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and edoxaban) have been detected simultaneously with RM in the same biological matrix. Separation has been efficiently achieved by simple reversed phase HPLC with dual detectors. Diode array detector and fluorimetric detection have been used to compare their sensitivity and selectivity. Both assays have been validated according to bioanalytical FDA validation parameters. Chromatographic separation and quantitation of RM along with concomitant drugs instantly bioscreen COVID-19 multiple therapy medication in 10 min run time. Furthermore, the proposed in vitro study takes the lead for prospective testing of possible drug–drug interactions that alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs.
Von Umwelt zu Corona: Der Schwerpunktwechsel in der Berichterstattung während der ersten Welle der Coronapandemie in Deutschland
Authors: Krug Maximilian , Kuhn Paula , Lauschner Leonie , Mercsak Aylin , Schulte-Zweckel Nora
Published: October 2021

Die Coronapandemie hat als globale Krise die Gesellschaft stark beeinflusst. Fraglich bleibt allerdings, ob sie in der medialen Berichterstattung ähnlich intensiv behandelt wird wie die langjährige Klimakrise oder sogar stärker als diese thematisiert wird. Diese Arbeit untersucht im Rahmen eines medienframebasierten Ansatzes den thematischen Wettstreit zwischen Corona und Umwelt während der ersten Welle der Coronapandemie in Deutschland. In diesem Zusammenhang fokussieren wir neben medienübergreifenden auch medienspezifische Framingprozesse und stellen Verbindungen zu politischen Praktiken her. Datengrundlage sind 15.038 Beiträge der Tageszeitungen FAZ, SZ und BILD und Nachrichtenformate auf Social-Media-Plattformen (Tagesschau, RTLaktuell, rbb24). Die Auswertung der Beiträge zeigt, dass die Berichterstattung von Corona das Thema Umwelt sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ verdrängt. Thematische Verdrängungsprozesse bergen die Gefahr einseitiger Berichterstattung und werden im Beitrag hinsichtlich ihrer gesellschaftspolitischen Implikationen diskutiert.
Langzeitpflege und -betreuung: Über Bedarfsgerechtigkeit und chancengerechten Zugang am Beispiel Österreich
Authors: Schmidt Andrea E. , Waitzberg Ruth , Blümel Miriam
Published: October 2021

Während im Zentrum der medialen Aufmerksamkeit vielfach das Thema Kosten für Langzeitpflege und -betreuung (LTC) steht, wird dem Thema der innerstaatlichen, bedarfsgerechten Verteilung öffentlicher Mittel für LTC üblicherweise wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Vor dem Hintergrund eines internationalen Vergleichs werden zwei Kriterien der Bedarfsgerechtigkeit in Österreich in der LTC analysiert: regionale Anspruchsvoraussetzungen und faire Kriterien
für die regionale Umverteilung. Die Analyse veranschaulicht, dass in Österreich insbesondere im Bezug auf die Verteilung der Mittel für die Erbringung professioneller Pflege- und Betreuungsdienste Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Sinnvoll wäre daher die Entwicklung eines nachhaltigen Finanzierungssystems sowie einer koordinierten Gesamtsteuerung und einer klaren Zuordnung der Verantwortungen über die Gesamtkosten der LTC unter Einbeziehung der Pflegebedürftigen.
Neolitización y modo de vida. El aprovechamiento de moluscos en los primeros grupos neolíticos del este de la Península Ibérica
Authors: LUJÁN NAVAS ALICIA , JOVER MAESTRE FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: October 2021

A partir de la información proporcionada por varios asentamientos excavados, emplazados en la misma línea de costa –Caserna de Sant Pau, Costamar, Barranquet, Cova de les Cendres, Tossal de les Basses–, a escasa distancia de la misma –Minas de Can Tintorer (minas 68 y 70), Cova Bolumini– o bastante alejados –La Draga, Cova del Toll, Cova Fosca, Cova de l’Or, Cova de Sant Martí, Benàmer, Cova dels Calderons, Abric de la Falguera–, se valora la importancia de la recolección, consumo y circulación de exoesqueletos de moluscos por parte de los primeros grupos neolíticos implantados en el Este de la península ibérica. El análisis de las evidencias arqueomalacológicas permite concluir que las prácticas fueron habituales de forma exclusiva entre las poblaciones neolíticas costeras, no así para aquellas alejadas a pocos kilómetros, que, en algunos casos, sí incluyeron en su dieta el consumo de moluscos terrestres. Aprovechar de forma sostenible los recursos naturales existentes en el entorno de los lugares de hábitat, configura uno de los rasgos de la racionalidad de la economía del modo de vida campesino, lo que nos conduce a la consideración de que aquellos grupos captarían los moluscos a través de prácticas de laboreo superficial en las inmediaciones de los asentamientos, empleando escasos medios humanos e instrumentales. Al mismo tiempo, las poblaciones costeras también efectuarían labores de recolección de caparazones en los cordones arenosos del litoral con el fin de ser intercambiados y/o transformados en adornos, ampliándose su demanda a medida que las comunidades neolíticas se fueron consolidando.
Comment, Rating, Opinion, Review – the Preliminary Research
Authors: Jaworska Monika
Published: October 2021

The article focuses on functional speech genres used on the Internet to assess the level of customer satisfaction after purchasing goods and services on portals with various offers. It attempts to define what genre is used in the texts called commentaries, evaluations, opinions and consumer reviews. Both Internet users and providers of goods and services use these terms interchangeably. The situation may result from the fact that in the ordinary mind, they constitute one genre. The text introduces the research on the statements of internet users expressing their opinion on the transaction, the purchased products, and the service provided. Nowadays, the Internet has such a large social impact that it is important to examine the changes in speech genres existing in the Internet space in relation to their prototypes derived from the literary tradition.
Uriel Weinreich’s “Languages in Contact” in the Soviet Union: Treading a Dangerous Ground
Authors: Litvinyak Oleksandra
Published: October 2021

In a democratic society with a market economy, editorial policy is often a matter of financial feasibility rather than anything else. Meanwhile, totalitarian societies approach it from a different angle, frequently putting political considerations in the centre. Living behind the Iron Curtain, Soviet scholars had very limited access to Western publications – very few of them were translated into the languages of Soviet republics. What is more, research shows that they were subject to censorship, just like literary works. Besides, the work of a translator, being invisible to the majority of readers, could be quite dangerous and ruin one’s scholarly career. Thus, a scholar embarking on a translation journey to acquaint their colleagues with the best samples of world research had to be very considerate. Such was the case of the Russian translation of Uriel Weinreich’s seminal book Languages in Contact done by the Ukrainian linguist, translator, lexicographer, and educator Yuriy Zhluktenko. The present paper explores the matter of censorship and self-censorship in this translation and its paratexts.
The Concept of “Thrownness” in Algis Budrys's Short Story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night”
Authors: Poštič Svetozar
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the concept of thrownness and the related notions of immediacy and actuality in a 1961 short science fiction story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night” by Algis Budrys. It first defines the concept of thrownness (Geworfenheit), created and coined by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his classic book Being and Time, and it explains how this notion can be employed in literary analysis in general and applied to this work in particular. The article then analyses how certain stylistic devices in the short story, namely similes, change of pace and the presentation of an inner conflict in the main character, contribute to the feeling of authenticity. In other words, it attempts to exhibit the means used in a prose work to make it seem more realistic and immediate. Finally, the work also argues that science fiction is in many ways more real than other fictional works. Although it belongs to the genre that has traditionally been denied serious literary merit, the novel view and interpretation of this story aims to disclose new horizons of artistic expression that illuminate human mental and physical frailty and stimulate a valuable inquiry into the meaning of life.
Michał Kaziów: the Way to Independence of the Blind Writer in the Context of Selected Issues of Narrative Medicine and Human Rights
Authors: Bolińska Marta , Zieliński Patryk
Published: October 2021

The article undertakes constructive reflection on the loss of human health in the context of the issue of disability, with an indication that it is a state of mind rather than actual, physical impotence. The main subject of considerations is the attitude of the writer, Michał Kaziów, perceived as a way to independence and creativity developed as a result of his health condition in the light of selected issues of narrative medicine and human rights. The paper presents the difficult fate of Kaziów after a permanent loss of fitness (L. Kowalewski, M. Czerwińska) under the model of social disability (P. Hunt, M. Oliver) and an autobiographical attitude (M. Czermińska). The views of R. Charon (a doctor and a literary scholar) and her co-workers were also taken into account, according to which narrative medicine is a specific, well thought and described in the literature on the subject form of clinical (and didactic) practice that supports the process of diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, a review of laws and regulations on the creation of legal norms that supported people with disabilities and their evolution was undertaken. The whole text correlates with the thesis that the change in approach to disability is a living testimony to overcoming difficulties and their consequences, both in an individual and collective experience.