bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From revelation to modern Islamic finance: Islamic commercial law in the UAE as a case study
Authors: Alkhan Ahmed Mansoor , Hassan M. Kabir
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Islamic finance segment within the Updated Commercial Transactions Law in the UAE and opine whether the new alterations will have a significant impact on the Islamic financial industry in the UAE.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative methodology, and the UAE as a case study. A single/embedded case study design is adopted, to analyse several chapters within the Updated Commercial Transactions Law in the UAE (multiple units of analysis).

Findings

The study revealed that the introduction and incorporation of fiqhi and Islamic financial principles within the Updated Commercial Transactions law in the UAE was done so in its rudimentary form, indicating that its purpose was to enhance the UAE’s position as a leading global Islamic financial hub – as opposed to the sole purpose of its usage during disputes between counterparties.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited to the UAE as a case study and thus does not provide a comparative analysis with other GCC countries. A separate study would be required for a comparative analysis.

Originality/value

Given that the Updated Commercial Transactions Law in the UAE is relatively new, limited research papers have analysed this segment of the updated law in particular. This research, thus, contributes to knowledge by paving the way for future research pertaining to the same matter.
Effect of spinning for different nose shape projectiles undergoing normal impact on Al 7075-T651 target
Authors: Vaggu Pranay , Panigrahi S.K.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The effect of spinning has been studied and analysed for different projectile shapes such as ogive, blunt, cylindrical and conical by using numerical simulations.

Design/methodology/approach

Projectile shape is one of the important parameters in the penetration mechanism. The present study deals with the failure mechanisms and ballistic evaluation for different nose-shaped projectiles undergoing normal impact with spinning. Materials characterization has been made by Johnson–Cook strength and failure models, and LS-DYNA simulations are used to analyse the impact of steel projectiles on an Al 7075-T651 target at different impact velocities under normal impact conditions. The experimental results from the literature are used to validate the model. Based on the residual velocity values, the Recht-Ipson model has been curve-fitted and approximate ballistic limit velocity has been evaluated. The approximated ballistic limit velocity is found to be 3.4% higher than the experimental results and compared well with the experimental results. Subsequently, the validated model conditions are used to study and analyse the effect of spinning for different nose-shaped projectiles undergoing normal impact conditions.

Findings

The ductile hole failure is observed for the ogive nose projectile, petals are formed and fragmented for the conical projectile, and plugging is observed for cylindrical projectiles. A Recht-Ipson curve is presented for each spinning condition for each projectile shape and the ballistic limit has been evaluated for each condition.

Originality/value

The proposed research outputs are original and innovative and, have a lot of importance in defence applications, particularly in arms and ammunition.
The moderating role of face and attribution on service recovery quality, postrecovery satisfaction and repurchase intention: a study of collectivist consumers in service recovery
Authors: Lee Joseph Lok-Man , Siu Noel Yee-Man , Zhang Tracy Junfeng , Wong Shun Mun Helen
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of cultural factors (concern for face and stability of attribution) in the relationships among service recovery quality, postrecovery satisfaction and repurchase intention. Based on the politeness theory, this paper proposes a theoretical model for understanding how concern for face and stability of attribution may affect collectivists’ consumption behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in a field survey of 600 Hong Kong consumers who had experienced a telecommunications service failure. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the theoretical hypotheses.

Findings

A cultural factor of concern for face is found to negatively moderate the relationship between service recovery quality and postrecovery satisfaction. Face also positively influences the relationship between postrecovery satisfaction and repurchase intention. Another cultural factor, stability of attribution, is found to negatively moderate the relationship between service recovery quality and postrecovery satisfaction and to negatively moderate the relationship between postrecovery satisfaction and repurchase intention.

Practical implications

This study contributes to the understanding of the relevance of concern for face and stability of attribution in collectivists’ consumption behavior. The findings have significant implications for managers in a position to exploit the cultural value mechanisms of collectivist consumers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this has been the first research to examine the impact of concern for face and stability of attribution among service recovery quality, postrecovery satisfaction and repurchase intention.
A person-centered approach to individual people analytics adoption
Authors: Bentvelzen Margriet , Boon Corine , Den Hartog Deanne N.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to add to the currently limited research on individual level people analytics (PA) adoption by focusing on a vital resource in the implementation of PA, namely the technology used for PA. We draw on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to examine antecedents of the use of technology for PA.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses latent profile analysis to examine how different antecedents of PA (technology) adoption jointly act among 279 users of a specific PA technology.

Findings

This study identifies four user profiles, that we labeled the skeptic diplomats, the optimistic strugglers, the optimists, and the enthusiasts. These profiles relate to differences in user satisfaction and the frequency and versatility of PA technology use. This study demonstrates that performance benefits, social influence, required effort, and facilitating conditions jointly affect the use of PA technology, but that the latter two might be the most influential factors.

Practical implications

This study offers recommendations to practitioners and organizations on which actions by managers and the organization can be taken to support the use of PA technology.

Originality/value

Compared to previous research, we take a different approach by applying latent profile analysis to examine the combined effect of antecedents on user behavior and user satisfaction. In addition to a different analytical approach, we also extend existing research on individual PA adoption by focusing on actual behaviors and behavioral intention.
A comprehensive framework for optimizing workplace innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises: an emerging economy perspective
Authors: Khan Naveed R. , Gul Irum , Khan Mustafa Rehman , Khan Ismail , Umar Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study examines direct effect of leader-member exchange (LMEX) and learning orientation (LEOR) on workplace innovation (WPIN) and indirect effect between underline relationships in presence of mediators such as creative self-efficacy (CRSE), thrive at work (THAW), task interdependence (TAIN) work significance (WOSI) and creative performance (CRPE). Moreover, this study investigates the serial mediating effect of CRSE, WOSI, THAW, TAIN and CRPE between LMEX, LEOR and WPIN in entrepreneurial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected a total of 286 usable responses from entrepreneurial SMEs in three major business cities in Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, data were gathered through self-administered surveys using purposive sampling approach and tested hypotheses using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The findings suggested insignificant direct effect of LMEX and LEOR on WPIN in the presence of mediators. Interestingly, CRSE, THAW, TAIN and CRPE were identified as significant mediators between LMEX, LEOR and WPIN. However, WOSI was found to be an insignificant mediator in the observed context. Moreover, the results revealed significant serial mediating effect of CRSE and CRPE with work context elements such as THAW and TAIN between LMEX, LEOR and WPIN, while serial mediating effect of WOSI in underline relationships found insignificant.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes that chief executive officers (CEOs) of entrepreneurial SMEs should prioritize individual, team and organizational factors to improve WPIN for competitiveness. Entrepreneurial management should focus on building strong relationships with employees to foster creativity and create a learning-oriented work environment that improves motivation and collaboration, thereby boosting employees' CRSE and CRPE, leading to enhanced WPIN.

Originality/value

This research offered a novel research framework and identified critical mediators and serial mediators between LMEX, LEOR and WPIN for entrepreneurial SMEs in developing countries, a domain grossly underrepresented in the literature.
Urban carrying capacity of industrial cities to typhoon-induced Natechs: a cloud Bayesian model
Authors: Wang Qiuhan , Pu Xujin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This research proposes a novel risk assessment model to elucidate the risk propagation process of industrial safety accidents triggered by natural disasters (Natech), identifies key factors influencing urban carrying capacity and mitigates uncertainties and subjectivity due to data scarcity in Natech risk assessment.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing disaster chain theory and Bayesian network (BN), we describe the cascading effects of Natechs, identifying critical nodes of urban system failure. Then we propose an urban carrying capacity assessment method using the coefficient of variation and cloud BN, constructing an indicator system for infrastructure, population and environmental carrying capacity. The model determines interval values of assessment indicators and weights missing data nodes using the coefficient of variation and the cloud model. A case study using data from the Pearl River Delta region validates the model.

Findings

(1) Urban development in the Pearl River Delta relies heavily on population carrying capacity. (2) The region’s social development model struggles to cope with rapid industrial growth. (3) There is a significant disparity in carrying capacity among cities, with some trends contrary to urban development. (4) The Cloud BN outperforms the classical Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) gate fuzzy method in describing real-world fuzzy and random situations.

Originality/value

The present research proposes a novel framework for evaluating the urban carrying capacity of industrial areas in the face of Natechs. By developing a BN risk assessment model that integrates cloud models, the research addresses the issue of scarce objective data and reduces the subjectivity inherent in previous studies that heavily relied on expert opinions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the classical fuzzy BNs.
Bridging climate change mitigation policies and shadow price of undesirable outputs: a systematic literature review on applications
Authors: Kamali Saraji Mahyar , Streimikiene Dalia , Balezentis Tomas
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study seeks to shed light on the estimates of the carbon shadow price in the literature relying on frontier techniques. The shadow price of undesirable outputs, such as greenhouse gas emissions, assists policymakers in determining the most cost-effective methods for reducing emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study relies on the PSALSAR and PRISMA approaches for a systematic literature review. The Web of Science and Scopus databases were used for the references.

Findings

Both parametric and nonparametric methods have been employed in the literature to estimate the shadow prices of undesirable outputs. Also, results were discussed according to the methodological and application aspects, and broad conclusions on obtained results were provided, bridging climate change mitigation policies and the shadow price of undesirable outputs.

Originality/value

The present study applies an integrated method, PSALSAR, to conduct a systematic review of 53 studies published between 2014 and 2023 in which efficiency models were applied to estimate the shadow price of undesirable outputs, especially CO2. After presenting the most applicable parametric and nonparametric estimation models, a systematic summary of included articles was provided, highlighting the key features of publications.
Impact of porosity on free vibration and limit analysis of power-law-based functionally graded disks
Authors: Madan Royal , Khobragade Pallavi , Bhowmick Shubhankar
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the free vibration of a radially graded Ni-Al2O3-based functionally graded (FG) disk with uniform thickness.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the energy method, natural frequencies of rotating and non-rotating disks were determined at the limit elastic angular speed. Material properties were estimated using a modified rule of mixture. Both even and uneven porosity variation effects were considered in the material modeling. Finite element analysis validated the analytical approach.

Findings

The study explored limit angular speeds and natural frequencies across various grading indices, investigating the impact of porosity types and grading indices on these parameters.

Practical implications

Insights from this research are valuable for researchers and design engineers involved in modeling and fabricating porous FG disks, aiding in more effective design and manufacturing processes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of free vibration behavior in radially graded Ni-Al2O3-based FG disks. The incorporation of material modeling considering both even and uneven porosity variation adds originality to the research. Additionally, the validation through finite element analysis enhances the credibility of the findings.
The effect of cold plasma treatment on the fruit quality and aroma components of winter jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’)
Authors: Jia Sitong , Zheng Pufan , Li Mo , Chen Cunkun , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Na , Ji Haipeng , Yu Jinze , Dong Chenghu , Liang Liya
Published: September 2024

Cold plasma (CP) is a novel environmental‐friendly preservation technology that causes minimal damage to fruits. The flavor and quality of winter jujubes have decreased with the extended storage time. Currently, the research on the use of CP on winter jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’) mainly focuses on the effect of the treatment on storage quality. There is limited research on the effect of CP treatment on the flavor of winter jujubes. This study used different CP (80 kV) treatment durations (0, 5, and 10 min) to treat winter jujubes. The appropriate treatment time was selected by observing the changes in color, respiratory intensity, soluble sugar content, total acid content, and vitamin C (VC) content of winter jujubes. Amino acid analyzer and headspace solid‐phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection were used to analyze the effect of CP treatment on the flavor compounds of winter jujubes. The results showed that the 5‐min CP treatment could significantly slow down the red coloration of winter jujube while maintaining high soluble sugar, total acid, and VC content. At the respiration peak, the respiratory intensity of the 5‐min CP treatment group was 0.74 mg CO2·kg−1·h−1 lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). CP treatment slowed down the decrease in the content of amino acids and volatile organic compounds (such as 2‐methyl‐4‐pentenal, 2‐hexenal, and 3‐hexenal) in winter jujubes. This study will provide basic data for applying CP preservation technology in postharvest winter jujubes.
Dual Control of Macrolithotype and Coal Structure on the Pore Parameters of Middle Jurassic Coals in the Southern Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: HOU Haihai , LIANG Guodong , SHAO Longyi , TANG Yue , YAN Zhifeng
Published: September 2024

Coal pore parameters are closely related to macrolithotypes and coal structures, having a large influence over the gas potential and productivity of coalbed methane (CBM). The Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, located in the southern Junggar Basin of northwestern China, has geological conditions with rich CBM resources. The 46 Xishanyao coal samples gathered from the drilling cores and coal mines cover 4 types of macrolithotypes (bright coal 1, semi‐bright coal 2, semi‐dull coal 3, and dull coal 4) and 2 types of coal structures (primary coal I and cataclastic coal II). Based on a range of pore testing experiments and analytical methods, the dual effects of different macrolithotypes and coal structures on pore structures were intensely studied. The results showed that the specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume (TPV) of coal samples increased gradually from bright to dull coals. For the same macrolithotypes, the SSA and TPV of the primary coals were lower than those of the cataclastic coals. Generally, the pore structures of bright and semi‐bright coals are simpler when compared to semi‐dull and dull coals with the same coal structure, whereas cataclastic coals have more complicated pore structure systems than primary coals with the same macrolithotypes. The bright and semi‐bright coals have higher vitrinite contents and more endogenous fractures, whereas well‐developed structural fractures were identified in cataclastic coals. Therefore, bright and semi‐bright coals have better pore connectivity than semi‐dull and dull coals with the same coal structure, the pore connectivity of cataclastic coals being slightly better than that of primary coals under the same macrolithotypes. In terms of the CBM adsorption conditions, the eight type samples formed a descending order: II‐4 > I‐4 > II‐3 > I‐3 > II‐2 > I‐2 > II‐1 > I‐1, while they ranked as follows when consideration was given to the CBM seepage capacities: II‐2 > II‐1 > I‐2 > I‐1 > I‐3 > I‐4 > II‐3 > II‐4. As a result, it could be determined that the bright and semi‐bright coals had stronger adsorption capacities, whereas the cataclastic coals had better pore connectivity and seepage capacities. Pore structure characteristics should be analysed under the dual control of different macrolithotypes and coal structures, so that they can provide greater value for guiding CBM exploration and exploitation, as along for preventing underground gas accidents.
Introducing a unique animal ID and digital life history museum for wildlife metadata
Authors: Wikelski Martin , Quetting Michael , Bates John , Berger‐Wolf Tanya , Bohrer Gil , Börger Luca , Chapple Taylor , Crofoot Margaret C. , Davidson Sarah C. , Dechmann Dina K. N. , Ellis‐Soto Diego , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Fiedler Wolfgang , Flack Andrea , Fruth Barbara , Franconi Novella , Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe , Hirt Julian , Hussey Nigel E. , Iannarilli Fabiola , Landwehr Matthias , Müller Maximilian E. , Mueller Thomas , Mueller Uschi , Oliver Ruth Y. , Partecke Jesko , Pokrovsky Ivan , Pokrovskaya Liya , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Rutz Christian , Safi Kamran , Santangeli Andrea , van Schalkwyk O. Louis , Sequeira Ana M. M. , Sherub Sherub , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Viljoen Pauli , Wasik Kaja A. , Wild Timm A. , Yanco Scott , Kays Roland
Published: September 2024

Over the past five decades, a large number of wild animals have been individually identified by various observation systems and/or temporary tracking methods, providing unparalleled insights into their lives over both time and space. However, so far there is no comprehensive record of uniquely individually identified animals nor where their data and metadata are stored, for example photos, physiological and genetic samples, disease screens, information on social relationships.

Databases currently do not offer unique identifiers for living, individual wild animals, similar to the permanent ID labelling for deceased museum specimens.

To address this problem, we introduce two new concepts: (1) a globally unique animal ID (UAID) available to define uniquely and individually identified animals archived in any database, including metadata archived at the time of publication; and (2) the digital ‘home’ for UAIDs, the Movebank Life History Museum (MoMu), storing and linking metadata, media, communications and other files associated with animals individually identified in the wild. MoMu will ensure that metadata are available for future generations, allowing permanent linkages to information in other databases.

MoMu allows researchers to collect and store photos, behavioural records, genome data and/or resightings of UAIDed animals, encompassing information not easily included in structured datasets supported by existing databases. Metadata is uploaded through the Animal Tracker app, the MoMu website, by email from registered users or through an Application Programming Interface (API) from any database. Initially, records can be stored in a temporary folder similar to a field drawer, as naturalists routinely do. Later, researchers and specialists can curate these materials for individual animals, manage the secure sharing of sensitive information and, where appropriate, publish individual life histories with DOIs. The storage of such synthesized lifetime stories of wild animals under a UAID (unique identifier or ‘animal passport’) will support basic science, conservation efforts and public participation.
Serious adverse events reporting in recent randomised clinical trials in intensive care medicine – A methodological study protocol
Authors: Jensen Marie Qvist , Munch Marie Warrer , Granholm Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Bahrenkova Marina , Perner Anders
Published: September 2024

Background

Serious adverse events (SAEs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Reporting of SAEs in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) varies why underreporting is likely. We aim to describe the reporting of SAEs from 2020 onwards and to illustrate the recent reporting of SAEs published in major medical journals.

Methods

We will conduct a methodological study assessing pharmacological interventions in RCTs including adult ICU patients. We will search 10 general medical and critical care journals in PubMed. We will include all RCTs published from 2020 onwards. The primary research question is how many RCTs report SAEs in the primary publication. Secondary research questions include how SAEs are reported in the primary publication either as (1) proportion of patients experiencing one or more SAE, (2) all single events occurred, or (3) both strategies combined. We will assess the association between the proportion of patients with reported SAEs and the following trial characteristics: multicentred versus single‐centre RCTs, industry‐sponsored versus academic‐sponsored, published trial protocol versus unpublished work, blinding, trials sample size, and RCTs focusing on COVID‐19 patients versus other populations.

Discussion

The outlined methodological study will provide important information on the reporting of SAEs in recent drug trials in adult ICU patients.
Opossums as opportunistic visitors of chiropterophilous flowers: Interaction between Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia) and Hymenaea cangaceira (Fabaceae)
Authors: Domingos‐Melo Arthur , Albuquerque‐Lima Sinzinando , Machado Isabel C. , Milet‐Pinheiro Paulo
Published: September 2024

Bat‐pollinated plants feature open flowers, facilitating easy access to their abundant nectar for various animal groups. The Caatinga, a Brazilian Seasonally Tropical Dry Forest, stands out globally as a hotspot for bat‐pollinated plants. This study presents the first documentation of the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia) engaging in the consumption of nectar on flowers of Hymenaea cangaceira (Fabaceae), a bat‐pollinated tree species within the Caatinga. The observation spanned five nights and occurred unexpectedly during an experiment involving bagged flowers to assess nectar dynamics. Initially, torn bags were discovered containing flowers, which nectar had been consumed. Subsequent nights revealed the opossum actively exploring bagged flowers, likely guided by the fragrant nectar of H. cangaceira, and unmanipulated flowers located in the canopy's upper reaches. Given the opossum's contact with reproductive structures during these visits, it emerges as a potential pollinator. Following this observation, a comprehensive literature review on Didelphis interactions with other plants was conducted, leading to the construction of a meta network. This network unequivocally illustrates that the majority of plants visited by Didelphis indeed have bats as their primary pollinators. Owing to the nocturnal, arboreal and stealthy nature of opossums, documenting their interactions with flowers proves highly challenging. Consequently, our record highlights significant knowledge gaps in comprehending the interplay between opossums and chiropterophilous flowers. These gaps include the under‐sampling of this process in the Caatinga, the role of olfactory signalling and the broader consequences of this unique interaction.
Establishment of a prediction model of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Yan Tianhui , Ma Qiang , Li Xin , Shen Qing , Liu Xiuxiu , Zhang Xia
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/PASP ratio as a potential indicator for predicting the probability of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in hyperthyroidism patients. A nomogram model will be developed based on our findings, as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Methods

The study involved 166 hyperthyroid patients treated at Yijishan Hospital, and the period covered August 2021 to August 2022. Patients were divided into two groups according to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mmHg. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed on the two groups' demographic and laboratory data to identify potential diagnostic markers. These parameters were evaluated using ROC curves to determine their precision in forecasting PAH. The findings were validated by plotting a calibration curve based on a line chart model.

Results

In the study, eventually, 80 patients were enrolled: 30 in the PAH group and 50 in the No PAH group. Multipleistic regression analysis predicted the occurrence risk of developing PAH. When paired with other conventional echocardiographic parameters (such as TAPSE, MPI, and SV) and serological markers (such as FT3 and FT4), the developed model demonstrated outstanding predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.985, a Youden index of 0.971, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 97.1%.

Conclusions

The nomogram model constructed by combining the TAPSE/PASP ratio with FT3 and FT4 serum markers, as well as conventional ultrasound parameters SV and MPI in hyperthyroidism patients, demonstrates robust discriminatory ability and consistency.
Rural general surgical provision from the perspective of twenty‐two rural general surgeons: a thematic analysis
Authors: Paynter Jessica A. , Qin Kirby R. , Hunter‐Smith David , Brennan Janelle , Rozen Warren
Published: September 2024

Background

Australia continues to suffer from a geographical maldistribution of general surgical services with only 20% of general surgeons working rurally despite 29% of Australia's population residing outside major metropolitan centres. This qualitative study explored the impact of human capacity and infrastructure upon rural general surgery provision.

Methods

This qualitative study employed semi‐structured interviews of rural general surgeons. Participants were recruited via the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Rural newsletter and purposive sampling. All interviews were conducted between January 2023 and April 2023. Transcripts were transcribed, de‐identified, and thematically analysed.

Results

Two female and 20 male rural general surgeons were interviewed from seven of the eight Australian State or Territories. Four main themes were identified which reflected the impact of human capacity and infrastructure upon Australian rural general surgery provision: (1) small hospital syndrome – and the impact, (2) the rural general surgeon identity, (3) infrastructure and disempowerment and (4) over‐reliance on visiting surgeons.

Conclusion

Improving access to equitable general surgical care for rural Australians requires appropriate infrastructure and a well‐trained, sustainable multidisciplinary surgical team (human capacity). A greater understanding of the issues may help drive rational, long‐term supportive solutions.
Harnessing the power of child development records to detect early neurodevelopmental disorders using Bayesian analysis
Authors: Hatakenaka Yuhei , Hachiya Koutaro , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Gillberg Christopher
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aims to analyse the developmental data from public health nurses (PHNs) to identify early indicators of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in young children using Bayesian network (BN) analysis to determine factor combinations that improve diagnosis accuracy.

Methods

The study cohort was 501 children who underwent health checkups at 18 and 36‐month. Data included demographics, pregnancy, delivery, neonatal factors, maternal interviews, and physical and neurological findings. Diagnoses were made by paediatricians and child psychiatrists using standardised tools. Predictive accuracy was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

We identified several infant/toddler factors significantly associated with NDD diagnoses. Predictive factors included meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, 1 min Apgar score, and early developmental milestones. ROC curve analysis showed varying predictive accuracies based on evaluation timing. The 10‐month checkup was valid for screening but less reliable for excluding low‐risk cases. The 18‐month evaluation accurately identified children at NDD risk.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the potential of using developmental records for early NDD detection, emphasising early monitoring and intervention for at‐risk children. These findings could guide future infant mental health initiatives in the community.
Delaying post‐exercise carbohydrate intake impairs next‐day exercise capacity but not muscle glycogen or molecular responses
Authors: Díaz‐Lara Javier , Reisman Elizabeth , Botella Javier , Probert Bianka , Burke Louise M. , Bishop David J. , Lee Matthew J.
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate how delayed post‐exercise carbohydrate intake affects muscle glycogen, metabolic‐ and mitochondrial‐related molecular responses, and subsequent high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) capacity.

Methods

In a double‐blind cross‐over design, nine recreationally active men performed HIIE (10 × 2‐min cycling, ~94% W˙peak) in the fed state, on two occasions. During 0–3 h post‐HIIE, participants drank either carbohydrates (“Immediate Carbohydrate” [IC], providing 2.4 g/kg) or water (“Delayed Carbohydrate” [DC]); total carbohydrate intake over 24 h post‐HIIE was matched (~7 g/kg/d). Skeletal muscle (sampled pre‐HIIE, post‐HIIE, +3 h, +8 h, +24 h) was analyzed for whole‐muscle glycogen and mRNA content, plus signaling proteins in cytoplasmic‐ and nuclear‐enriched fractions. After 24 h, participants repeated the HIIE protocol until failure, to test subsequent HIIE capacity; blood lactate, heart rate, and ratings of perceived effort (RPE) were measured throughout.

Results

Muscle glycogen concentrations, and relative changes, were similar between conditions throughout (p > 0.05). Muscle glycogen was reduced from baseline (mean ± SD mmol/kg dm; IC: 409 ± 166; DC: 352 ± 76) at post‐HIIE (IC: 253 ± 96; DC: 214 ± 82), +3 h (IC: 276 ± 62; DC: 269 ± 116) and + 8 h (IC: 321 ± 56; DC: 269 ± 116), returning to near‐baseline by +24 h. Several genes (PGC‐1ɑ, p53) and proteins (p‐ACCSer79, p‐P38 MAPKThr180/Tyr182) elicited typical exercise‐induced changes irrespective of condition. Delaying carbohydrate intake reduced next‐day HIIE capacity (5 ± 3 intervals) and increased RPE (~2 ratings), despite similar physiological responses between conditions.

Conclusion

Molecular responses to HIIE (performed in the fed state) were not enhanced by delayed post‐exercise carbohydrate intake. Our findings support immediate post‐exercise refueling if the goal is to maximize next‐day HIIE capacity and recovery time is ≤24 h.
Maternal physical activity in healthy pregnancy: Effect on fetal oxygen supply
Authors: van Poppel Mireille N. M. , Kruse Annika , Carter Anthony M.
Published: September 2024

Aim

We review evidence for effects of physical activity before and during gestation on the course of pregnancy and ask if there are circumstances where physical activity can stress the fetus due to competition for oxygen and energy substrates.

Results

We first summarize physiological responses to exercise in nonpregnant people and known physiological adaptations to pregnancy. Comparing the two, we conclude that physical activity prior to and continuing during gestation is beneficial to pregnancy outcome. The effect of starting an exercise regimen during pregnancy is less easy to assess as few studies have been undertaken. Results from animal models suggest that the effects of maternal exercise on the fetus are transient; the fetus can readily compensate for a short‐term reduction in oxygen supply.

Conclusion

In general, we conclude that physical activity before and during pregnancy is beneficial, and exercise started during pregnancy is unlikely to affect fetal development. We caution, however, that there are circumstances where this may not apply. They include the intensive exercise regimens of elite athletes and pregnancies at high altitudes where hypoxia occurs even in the resting state.
Subordinates' perceptions of the need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors used by their supervisors: A person‐centered investigation
Authors: Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi Tiphaine , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Thomas Jérémy , Gillet Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Adopting a recent tripartite operationalization of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors, anchored in self‐determination theory (SDT), this person‐centered study considers the co‐existence of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors. Moreover, we also consider how these various combinations (or profiles) of perceived supervisor behaviors relate to subordinates' levels of work motivation, well‐being, attitudes, behaviors, and work–home functioning. A sample of 596 French employees (Mage = 31.22; 73.5% women) participated in this study. Our results revealed six profiles of subordinates characterized by distinct configurations of perceived need‐related behaviors from supervisors (globally unfavorable, globally favorable and supportive, moderate‐indifferent, moderately favorable and involved, moderately unfavorable, and moderately favorable). Consistent with our expectations, these profiles displayed well‐differentiated patterns of associations with all of the outcomes considered in this study. These findings underscored the key role of subordinates' specific perceptions of need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors, over and above their global perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors, in determining how beneficial or harmful supervisory profiles are. In particular, our results also highlighted the critical role played by need‐indifferent behaviors, which prove to be a very important, and yet typically neglected, component of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors.
Hedging mortality risk over the life‐cycle—The role of information and borrowing constraints
Authors: Andersen Torben M.
Published: September 2024

Many pension schemes offer annuities pooling mortality risk across members. Such pooling has been criticized for having a regressive bias benefitting risk classes with the longest expected longevity. However, knowledge on mortality risk unfolds over the life‐course, and it is optimal for risk averse households to annuitize all old‐age consumption already as young buying pooled contracts, even if fair annuities are available later in life or risk class is private information. Borrowing constraints impair such frontloading but are lessened by a mandated pooled annuity targeting the middle‐aged, improving welfare for all risk classes and the first‐best allocation may be implementable.
Understanding Teachers' Practices of Implementing Collaborative Writing in L2 Classrooms: A Case Study
Authors: Zheng Yao , Yu Shulin
Published: September 2024

Despite the burgeoning research interest in collaborative L2 writing, it is underrepresented in the literature regarding how teachers use such activities within real‐world classroom settings. This case study seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of the practices adopted by two EFL teachers in implementing collaborative writing within Chinese university contexts. Drawing upon Activity Theory, the study delineates the teachers' practices into two distinct activity systems, elucidating the production, distribution and exchange aspects of their activities taken in implementing a collaborative writing project. The findings reveal that while both teachers utilised a variety of instructional tools and pursued similar outcomes, they exhibited different features in the exchange and distribution aspects of their activity systems. The differences were manifested in their adherence to the norms, regulations and principles governing collaborative writing in their teaching environments, wherein the teacher, students and university each assumed distinct roles. Implications are provided for the effective integration of collaborative writing practices in language education.
Enhancement of 3D‐printability of zucchini puree by rice flour addition
Authors: Başoğlu Eda İlhan , Özgeçen Ayşegül Beşir , Yavuz Nihat
Published: September 2024

This study explored the feasibility of 3D food printing with zucchini puree‐rice flour mixtures, focussing on factors impacting print quality for home‐based applications. The effects of printing variables, including fill ratio (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and printing bed temperature (65 °C, 75 °C and 85 °C), were assessed on the print quality of the samples, along with rice flour ratio and a freeze‐thaw step commonly employed by general consumers. Increasing rice flour content enhanced water retention, leading to improved printability in terms of shape retention and dimensional accuracy. Higher printing surface temperatures promoted starch gelation in the initial layers, resulting in better shape retention and improved print scores at moderate rice flour ratios. The highest print quality, determined by dimensional accuracy and visual observations, was achieved with a rice flour puree ratio of 5:10, printed at a 100% infill ratio and 85°C printing bed temperature. While freeze‐thawing the mixtures preserved printability, it weakened the structure, leading to increased syneresis and spreading. Cooking fresh samples at 170 °C for 20 min after printing caused surface cracks, whereas freeze‐thawed samples retained their smooth surface. Further research is needed to optimise printing parameters, considering typical preparation steps that may be applied to vegetable flour mixtures before and after 3D printing.
Hybrid high‐protein yogurt made with partial replacement of milk proteins by pea proteins
Authors: Silva Túlio Henrique Batista , Baptista Débora Parra , Silva Kívea Kássia de Paiva e , Marfil Paulo Henrique Mariano , Gigante Mirna Lúcia
Published: September 2024

Milk proteins are known for their exceptional nutritional and technological attributes, making them a staple in the food industry. Nonetheless, the partial substitution of milk proteins with plant‐based proteins in dairy products may be an effective strategy to meet the increasing consumer demand for a reduction in the consumption of animal‐derived proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partial substitution (25% and 50%) of milk proteins with pea protein on the manufacturing and technological attributes of high‐protein yogurt during refrigerated storage. The replacement of up to 50% of the milk proteins with pea protein did not alter the fermentation time and all yogurts had a total lactic acid bacteria count greater than 107 CFU g−1 after manufacturing. However, replacing 50% of milk proteins with pea protein affected the pH, syneresis, water holding capacity, consistency, firmness, viscosity index, and cohesiveness of the yogurts. In turn, no effect was observed on the pH, syneresis, water holding capacity, firmness, and cohesiveness of the product after replacing 25% of the dairy base with pea protein (P >0.05). Hence, the findings indicate that substituting 25% of the milk protein with pea protein in high‐protein yogurts can be achieved without compromising the product's stability.
Technological and multi‐sensory analysis approach to holistically understand the quality and consumer perception of gluten‐free breads with alternative flours
Authors: Irigoytia Karen F. , Espósito Nancy N. , de Escalada Pla Marina F. , Parodi M. Belén , Genevois Carolina E.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to characterise gluten‐free breads formulated with alternative flours through technological and sensory (ultra flash profiling, hedonic tests) properties, and to correlate both methodologies for holistically understanding how these variables affect the consumer preference and product quality. Gluten‐free breads formulated by replacing 20% with brown rice, lupine, millet, quinoa, sorghum, teff, buckwheat, rice bran and carob flours were evaluated. The dough hydration and fermentation times were optimised. The formulations presented differences in centesimal composition, specific volume, texture and colour. Significant correlations were established between fermentation time, specific volume, centesimal composition, texture (hardness, gumminess), alveolar structure (porosity, uniformity, cell density), colour (L*), sensory descriptors and overall acceptability. The ultra flash profiling test confirmed different sensory profiles, showing that some descriptors have a high impact in overall acceptability. Multiple factor analysis contributed to understand the interrelationships between technological and sensory properties, identifying the relevant technological parameters that affect the consumer preferences and the final product quality.
Liposomal black mulberry extract loaded‐nanofibers: preparation, characterisation, and bioaccessibility of phenolics by simulated in vitro digestion combined with the Caco‐2 cell model
Authors: Kalintas Caglar Nagihan , Saroglu Oznur , Karakas Canan Yagmur , Tasci Cansu Ozel , Catalkaya Gizem , Yildirim Rusen Metin , Gultepe Eyup Eren , Gulec Sukru , Sagdic Osman , Capanoglu Esra , Karadag Ayse
Published: September 2024

Black mulberry extract (BME) is rich in phenolics; however, their health benefits are restricted by their instability and poor absorption in the small intestine. Liposomal BME‐loaded pullulan/pectin nanofibers were developed to enhance the in vitro bioaccessibility of BME. The liposomes with BME (0.8%, w/v), were produced by the thin‐film hydration and ultrasonication method with a size of 76.41 ± 1.23 nm and encapsulated 79.40 ± 0.99%.of the BME. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed that the uniform distribution of liposomes within the defect‐free fiber structure. Liposomal BME loading elevated the mucoadhesiveness of the nanofibers compared to free BME loading. Liposomal BME‐loaded nanofiber demonstrated a nearly two‐fold increase in the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. The cellular release of all four different anthocyanins by Caco‐2 cells was significantly higher (3.92%–10.50%) in liposomal BME‐loaded nanofiber. Therefore, liposomal nanofibers show great potential as a method for delivering phenolics, specifically anthocyanins.
Physicochemical, enzymatic and fermentation modifications improve resistant starch levels and prebiotic properties of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) flour
Authors: Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo , Adyeni Wayan Dewi , Puspawati Ni Nyoman , Wardana Ata Aditya , Anshory Lutfi , Khusniati Tatik
Published: September 2024

Porang tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) are one of the Araceae family plants, which naturally contain resistant starch (RS). The RS is able to provide health impacts such as reducing the glycaemic index (GI), preventing the formation of gallstones and cardiovascular disease, and increasing mineral absorption. This research aims to improve the RS and prebiotic properties of porang flour through physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological modifications. Research methods include modification with physical treatment of autoclaving‐cooling one and two cycles (AC‐1S and AC‐2S), microwave‐cooling (MWC), heat moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), chemical treatment with acid hydrolysis (HA), enzymatic treatment with pullulanase debranching (DP) and microbiological treatment with combined heating and cooling fermentation (FAC). The results showed that physical, chemical, enzymatic and fermentation modification techniques increased the characteristics of RS and the prebiotic properties of porang flour. The best modification method for porang flour was obtained in the DP treatment with the morphological characteristics of sharp‐surfaced granules, total starch 39.81%, amylose content 3.73%, amylopectin content 36.08%, reducing sugar content 16.31%, power digestibility 43.81%, very rapidly digestible starch (VRDS) 8.59%, rapidly digestible starch (RDS) 11.08%, slowly digestible starch (SDS) 23.60%, RS 56.73%, resistance to gastric acid 98.60%, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability 11.87 log cfu/ml, prebiotic effect 3.07, prebiotic index 2.46 and prebiotic activity 1.77.
The preservative effect of the black rice's cold, hot and ultrasonic ethanol extracts on the storage quality of beef patties
Authors: Soyocak Hilal , Proestos Charalampos , Brennan Charles , Wahab Rizwan , Oz Fatih , Turhan Sadettin
Published: September 2024

This work aimed to determine the total anthocyanin and phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of extracts of the black rice's cold, hot and ultrasonic‐assisted extracts and their preservative effect on the storage quality of beef patties. The three extracts exhibited high anthocyanin, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, and they were used in beef patties at five treatments (negative control without extract, positive control with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 7.5% cold extract, 7.5% hot extract and 7.5% ultrasound‐assisted extract). Raw and cooked beef patties were tested at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of cold storage in aerobically packaged polyethylene containers regarding pH, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity and microbial quality. While adding black rice extracts did not influence the proximate composition of raw samples (P > 0.05), it slowed down the pH and lipid oxidation during storage and provided pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) stability in all final products. The BHT and treatments with extract indicated a higher 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value than the negative control. Also, the incorporation of black rice extracts slightly retarded bacterial growth. These results suggest that the black rice extracts at 7.5% can be used effectively to protect beef patties from microbial spoilage and oxidation during cold storage for 12 days.