bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GÜZEL SANATLAR FAKÜLTELERİNE ÖĞRENCİ SEÇİMİNDE ÖZEL YETENEK SINAVI MI YKS Mİ? ÖĞRENCİ AİDİYETİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KAYAPINAR Umut , KİRİŞCAN Bekir
Published: January 2024

Güzel sanatlar fakülteleri, Türkiye yükseköğretim sistemi içerisinde, okula öğrenci kabulü açısından diğer fakülteler ile farklılıklar barındırmaktadır. Diğer birçok fakülte ÖSYM tarafından yapılan YKS sınavı ile öğrenci alırken, güzel sanatlar fakülteleri gibi bazı yükseköğretim kurumları özel yetenek sınavı adı verilen, kendilerine özgü sınavlarla öğrenci kabul etmektedir. Ancak Türkiye’de bu fakültelere girişte uygulanan sınavlarla ilgili tartışmalar ve değişiklikler sürekli olagelmiştir. Bu çalışma, güzel sanatlar fakültelerini iki farklı sınavla kazanmış olan iki ayrı grup öğrencinin aidiyetlerine yönelik tutumlarını incelemeyi ve bu tutumların çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Covid 19 pandemi sürecinde YKS puanı ile öğrenci alan Türkiye’den üç güzel sanatlar fakültesinden toplam 202 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Bu öğrencilerden 89’u YKS, 113’ü özel yetenek sınavı ile bu okulları kazanmışlardır. Araştırma kapsamında bu öğrencilere anket çalışması olarak “okula aidiyet duygusu ölçeği” (Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale / PSSM) uygulanmıştır. Genel olarak üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılmış olan PSSM çalışmaları, okula aidiyet duygusu ile eğitim süreçleri arasında pozitif bir bağ olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen veriler, cinsiyet, yaş, okula girmeye karar verme süresi, okulda geçirdiği yıl ve okulu kazandığı sınav türü değişkenlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin yaşları büyüdükçe ve okulda geçirdikleri yıl arttıkça okula aidiyet duygularının arttığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın en önemli bulgusu ise, bu fakültelere özel yetenek sınavıyla giren öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duyguları YKS ile girenlere göre belirgin biçimde daha fazladır.
The Contributions of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of Economics
Authors: Moudgil Anita
Published: January 2024

Dr. Ambedkar was a development and welfare economist   who had a vision for the for the welfare of the masses. His contributions as an economist remained unnoticed. His economic ideas are well expressed in his master pieces on Economics. He focused on varied measures for economic development and welfare of the masses. The present paper is an attempt to understand the economic ideas of Dr. B.R. Ambdekar. The analysis is based on his books, papers and speeches. His biggest strength was his vision regarding establishment of a happy and progressive society. He discussed all real major impediment and tried to provide the possible solutions for development of Indian economy. His views on public finance including fiscal system, centre state relations, monetary system, exchange rate system, agriculture, industry and various development issues like khoti system, agriculture, industry, poverty, surplus labour, unemployment reflect the brilliant mind of an economist.
The Rapid Emergence of Autonomous Weapons (AWS) and its ethical challenges
Authors:   Korea Association for Public Value, f f
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This article aims to derive ethical challenges for the Republic of Korea (ROK) military in response to the rapid emergence of Autonomous Weapons (AWS) and propose development strategies.
Method: To identify previous research on AWS and ethical challenges regarding AWS in the international community, this research proposed ethical challenges and development strategies for AWS in the ROK military.
Results: The ethical challenges regarding AWS in the ROK military include controllability, accountability, reliability, transparency, data management, and human rights protection. To overcome the ethical challenges associated with the development of AWS, active collaboration with not only the Ministry of National Defense but also relevant agencies, industry-academia partnerships, and other stakeholders is necessary to promote their advancement.
Conclusion: The ethical issues related to the dignity of life, control over decision-making, and other aspects must be continuously improved in the process of utilizing AWS for ROK military purposes in cooperation with the international community.
Harnessing K-means Clustering to Decode Communication Patterns in Modern Electronic Devices
Authors: Gonzales Leonid Alemán , S Kalaivani , S S Saranya , M Anto Bennet , B Srinivasarao , Osorio Alhi Jordan Herrera
Published: January 2024

From smart home devices to wearable devices, electronics have become an indispensable part of modern life. Vast volumes of data have been collected by these electronic devices, revealing precise information about device communications, user behaviours, and more. Improvements to device features, insights into the user experience, and the detection of security risks are just some of the many uses for this information. However, advanced analytical methods are required to make sense of this plethora of data successfully. The K-means clustering algorithm is used in the present research to analyse the data sent and received by different types of electronics. The first step of the research is collecting data, intending to create a representative sample of people using various devices and communication methods. After collecting data, preprocessing is necessary to ensure it can be analysed successfully. In the next step, the K-means algorithm classifies the information into subsets that stand for distinct modes of interaction. The primary objective of the research is to gain an improved understanding of these groups by demonstrating how users communicate, device communication, and possibilities for enhancing functionality and security.
A Comparative Analysis of IoT based Network Anomaly Detection and Prediction Using Vector Autoregressive Models
Authors: Cho Ok Hue , Cho Ok Hue
Published: January 2024

This research provides a comparative analysis of the use of Vector Autoregressive models for network anomaly detection and prediction. It starts by giving a brief overview of the models and going over the two versions that are available for network anomaly detection. Ultimately, the study offers an empirical assessment of the two types of models, just considering how well they detect and forecast anomalies overall. The results show that the unmarried-node anomaly detection performance of the model is superior. Simultaneously, the Adaptive Learning version is particularly effective in identifying anomalies among a few nodes. The fundamental reasons for the differences in the two fashions' overall performance are also examined in this research. This work provides a comparative analysis of two widely utilized algorithmic approaches: vector autoregressive models and community anomaly detection and prediction. Each method's effectiveness is assessed using two different network datasets: one based on real-world global measurements of latency and mobility ranges, and the other focused on a fictional community. The study also examines the trade-offs between employing the versus other modern and classic techniques, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and Artificial Neural Networks for network anomaly detection. Finally, it provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique as well as suggestions for improving performance.
Do direito nazifascista ao “neo”constitucionalismo à brasileira: método jurídico, não-direito e outras reflexões
Authors: Bielschowsky Raoni Macedo
Published: January 2024

Não é raro se encontrar no discurso teórico-dogmático brasileiro certa tentativa de relacionar o positivismo jurídico com regimes autoritários, especialmente com o nazismo. Essa argumentação muitas vezes é utilizada com a intenção de justificar posturas antiformalistas, várias delas autoidentificadas como neoconstitucionalistas, que são, pelo menos em tese, metodologicamente marcadas por forte comprometimento valorativo, pela prevalência de normas do tipo princípios e por certa fluidez na aplicação do Direito. Contudo, a historiografia do direito contemporânea aponta no sentido de que a pretensa identificação entre a experiência normativa nazista com algum formalismo jurídico é, no mínimo, imprecisa, como imprecisa é também a própria definição de neoconstitucionalismo. O presente trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa teórica e tem o objetivo de dialogar criticamente com alguns dos argumentos que se pretendem justificadores de posturas autodenominadas neoconstitucionalistas, sobretudo no quadro brasileiro. Para tanto, primeiro se atentará para o que diz a historiografia do direito contemporânea sobre a relação entre experiência normativa do nazifascismo e o método jurídico; para na sequência voltar os olhos a alguns problemas das posturas identificadas com o neoconstitucionalismo e sua relação com certo déficit de controlabilidade das racionalidades decisórias e seus os riscos.
Freedom of expression and the metaverse: on the importance of content creation for the emergence of a complex environment
Authors: Fornasier Mateus De Oliveira
Published: January 2024

This research analyzes the importance of the freedom of expression in the creation of the metaverse, in a context of increasing power of Big Techs in the digital environment. As its results, technical knowledge related to many areas and creativity are fundamental for the creation of the metaverse. Thus, its creation must be democratized. Public policies ensuring ways to access content creation must be developed, and such a democratization must be based on freedom of expression. And limitations to the exercise of such freedom must not be subjected to private interests of huge corporations, nor moderated solely by technological tools. Methodology: hypothetical-deductive method of procedure, with a qualitative and transdisciplinary approach, and a bibliographic review research technique.
Constitucionalismo abusivo e fulanização de julgamentos: os problemas da atuação circunstancial de uma Corte Constitucional
Authors: Lunardi Fabrício Castagna
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar se o constitucionalismo tem sido utilizado abusivamente para encobrir decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal com motivações ideológicas ou que favorecem determinados atores políticos, o que se denomina de fulanização de julgamentos. Para atingir seu escopo, a pesquisa se desenvolve com base em uma linha crítico-metodológica e a partir de uma metodologia de investigação histórico-jurídica, a partir do marco teórico do constitucionalismo abusivo, com base em casos julgados pela Corte no período de 2013 a 2018. Ao final, conclui-se que, em diversas situações, o direito constitucional foi utilizado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal apenas para justificar ou dar aparência de legitimidade a decisões, que, em verdade, possuem natureza eminentemente política, bem como que a fulanização de julgamentos pode minar a própria razão democrática da atuação judicial em matéria de política e corroer a expectativa de que a Corte Constitucional brasileira seja a guardiã da ordem constitucional, do Estado de Direito e da democracia.
Decisão judicial assistida por inteligência artificial e o Sistema Victor do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Valle Vivian Cristina Lima López , Fuentes i Gasó Josep Ramón , Ajus Attílio Martins
Published: January 2024

A digitalização dos processos judiciais e a modernização dos sistemas dos tribunais impulsionaram o uso de inteligência artificial no Poder Judiciário, especialmente devido à sobrecarga de processos nas cortes superiores. O projeto Victor, liderado pelo STF e em colaboração com a Universidade de Brasília, busca automatizar a separação de Recursos Extraordinários por Tema de Repercussão Geral. No entanto, a aplicação da IA no setor público requer consideração dos princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência estabelecidos na Constituição. O estudo aborda o conflito entre os princípios da eficiência e da legalidade em relação ao uso do programa Victor. A pesquisa incluiu histórico e tipos de IA, métodos de aprendizado de máquina e análise de softwares de IA em tribunais brasileiros. Os resultados destacam a eficiência do programa Victor, embora ressaltem problemas como resumos inadequados de decisões. A conclusão enfatiza a necessidade de transparência perante o uso de IA, propondo a adição de movimentações nos processos eletrônicos para indicar intervenção do Victor, permitindo revisões quando necessário.
Utopía trascendental y anomia del Estado
Authors: Campos García-Calderón Rafael
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo intenta estudiar la concepción del mundo que subyace a la modernidad política peruana. Según nuestro punto de vista, esta concepción del mundo está caracterizada por lo que llamaremos ethos barroco. Aunque no es la única, su manifestación más importante es el fenómeno de la corrupción, desarrollado en el marco de la relación entre una forma de pensar y una forma de actuar: la utopía (derivada de una visión fantasiosa de la sociedad) y la anomia (resultado del incumplimiento de las normas sociales). En este sentido, queremos mostrar la paradójica doble relación entre ambos elementos, consistente, por un lado, en la contradicción discursiva entre el pensamiento utópico y la anomia política, y, por otro lado, en su articulación complementaria en el fenómeno de la corrupción. Debido a esta enigmática y compleja relación, en el Perú se ha instaurado un Estado que promueve la anomia y una Constitución que carece de legitimidad, en lugar de un verdadero Estado de Derecho.
negativa a obedecer la declaratoria de inamovilidad ciudadana para Lima y Callao del 05 de abril de 2022
Authors: Sigüenza Victoria Brenda
Published: January 2024

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo evaluar un caso de desobediencia civil en el Perú: el desacato al decreto supremo que estableció la inamovilidad ciudadana el 5 de abril de 2022 en Lima y Callao. Para este propósito, se presentará el contexto en el que fue decretada y comunicada dicha medida. Luego se examinarán los argumentos a favor de la desobediencia expuestos en los textos Critón de Platón y Del deber de la desobediencia civil de Henry Thoureau para considerar este acto moralmente justificado y necesario. Finalmente, se reflexionará sobre la relevancia de la puesta en práctica de este acto de desobediencia civil.
Acerca de culpabilidad y la posibilidad de reproche para una teoría de la culpabilidad en el Gorgias de Platón
Authors: Ubal Ebert Jonathan
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar cuenta de la posibilidad de establecer una noción de culpabilidad y de reproche en relación al sujeto que actúa injustamente, mediante un análisis de la responsabilidad y castigo en el ámbito moral en el Gorgias de Platón. Para abordar este tratamiento, se profundizará en el intelectualismo moral socrático, según el cual los seres humanos no hacen lo que quieren, sino lo que consideran correcto. De esta manera, se dará tratamiento a cómo la influencia de los apetitos y las pasiones desempeñan un rol fundamental en el dominio sobre sí mismo y, consiguientemente, en los diversos cursos de acción que los sujetos puedan adscribir. Finalmente, se establecerá cómo la educación y el conocimiento cumplen un rol sustancial al momento de la constitución de un juicio de reproche hacia el sujeto.
Development of Green Banking Concept in Banking Policy for Considering Environmental Protection
Authors: Hatikasari Siti , Ganefi Ganefi
Published: January 2024

The principles of green banking can strengthen bank risk management strategies, especially related to the environment, and encourage banks to increase investment in environmentally friendly financing. Green banking has developed in its practice with the emergence of regulations, changes, or reconstruction of policies in the banking sector in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine and analyze the development of the application of green banking in banking policies. Then, it will also find out and analyze the importance of green banking in banking policies in fulfilling banking responsibilities in considering environmental protection in Indonesia. This chapter uses doctrinal legal research methods and is analyzed analytically and qualitatively. The role played by banking corporations is very significant in having a broad impact on the application and efforts to achieve the goals of the green banking concept. The weakness of policies in the banking sector and other implementing regulations in Indonesia has resulted in not a few violations occurring and resulting in damage to the existing environment. Clear regulations as legality in regulating the implementation of green banking and supervision and evaluation are needed to have a broad positive impact on the sustainability and preservation of nature.
İstanbul İli Yüzey Araştırmaları (İstYA) Projesi 2021–2022 Yılı Çalışmaları: Şile
Authors: Güldoğan Emre
Published: January 2024

İstanbul İli Yüzey Araştırmaları (İstYA) Projesi, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı izni ile
2013 yılında başlatılan, İstanbul’un Anadolu ve Avrupa yakalarında on beş ilçede (Sarıyer,
Beylikdüzü, Büyükçekmece, Silivri, Çatalca, Gaziosmanpaşa, Kartal, Maltepe, Beykoz, Şile,
Çekmeköy, Pendik, Tuzla, Sultanbeyli, Sancaktepe) çalışma izni bulunan arkeolojik yüzey
araştırmasıdır. Üç uygulama alanında araştırmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir: Arazi çalışmaları,
sözlü tarih çalışmaları ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri çalışmaları. Arazi çalışmaları, sistematik
yüzey araştırması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Araştırılan bölgenin buluntu durumuna
göre gerekli durumlarda yoğun yüzey araştırması da yapılmaktadır. Sözlü tarih çalışmaları,
arkeolojik projelerde yıllar içerisinde kullanıldığı bilinmekle birlikte tarihöncesi dönemleri
kapsayan bir arkeolojik yüzey araştırması projesine ilk kez İstYA projesi ile eklenmiş bir
uygulama alanıdır. Çalışılan ilçelerde ağırlıklı 70 yaş üzeri olan ve en az iki kuşaktır orada
ikamet eden kişiler ile bölgenin geçmişi hakkında yapılan sözlü mülakatlar video çekimi ile
kayıt altına alınıp sonrasında da deşifre edilmektedir. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri çalışmaları ise
arazi çalışmalarını destekleyen bir uygulama alanıdır. Gezilen tüm alanların koordinatları
belirlenerek çalışmalar sonrası çeşitli içeriklerde haritaları hazırlanmaktadır. Proje
kapsamında 2013 yılında Silivri’de, 2014–2015 yıllarında Çatalca’da, 2016–2017 yıllarında
Büyükçekmece’de, 2018–2019 yıllarında da Beykoz’da araştırmalar tamamlanmıştır.1 2021–
2022 yıllarında ise çalışmalar Şile ilçesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu yazı kapsamında İstYA
Projesi Şile çalışmalarına dair bir ön değerlendirme sunulacaktır.
The Long-Term Course of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Melnik Evgeniya A. , Arestova Alina S. , Berdalina Irina A. , Gnedovskaya Elena V. , Grishinа Darya  A. , Suponeva Natalia A. , Piradov Michail A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by long-term progressive or relapsing course, neurological deficit, and disability of varied severity. The course of CIDP after specific therapy and, if necessary, long-term maintenance treatment are to be studied.
Objective: To evaluate CIDP clinical and history characteristics over the long-term follow-up ( 5 years), to compare long-term CIDP course in a number of clinical variants and onset types, and to determine clinical predictors of unfavorable CIDP course.
Materials and methods. The study included 45 patients diagnosed with CIDP based on EAN/PNS 2021 criteria lasting for 5 or more years. Retrospective collection and analysis of medical records and clinical history were performed. Internationally accepted scales were used to assess neurological deficit (NIS, MRCss), disability (INCAT), and disease activity status (CDAS). The criteria of unfavorable course were developed to evaluate factors affecting CIDP course.
Results. Among the patients with CIDP history of 5 years, each third (34%) had no neurological deficit and remained in long-term clinical remission (CDAS 1). The vast majority (90%) responded to first-line therapy in early disease, while only 53% of patients required maintenance treatment in 5 or more years of the onset. With the developed criteria (poor response to glucocorticosteroids (GCS), need for maintenance therapy, and CDAS 3–5), unfavourable CIDP course was detected in 24 (53.3%) participants. Its probability increased in later onset (47 [30; 50] years), the chronic type of onset, and delayed specific therapy. The most significant predictors included low total NIS score at onset (60 points) and multifocal CIDP.
Conclusions. The course of typical CIDP is relatively favorable if timely diagnosed, and pathogenetic treatment initiated. Patients with acute and subacute onset demonstrate the best long-term status. The predictors of unfavourable disease course include mild neurological deficit at onset (NIS total score 60 points) and multifocal CIDP.
Relapsing Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Case Report
Authors: Chekanova Ekaterina O. , Shabalina Аlla А. , Simaniv Taras O. , Konovalov Rodion N. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Kalashnikova Lyudmila A. , Gubanova Maria V. , Zakharova Maria N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate astrocyte filaments. In 2016, anti-GFAP antibodies (Ab) were identified as the specific biomarker for the first established CNS inflammatory disorder subsequently called autoimmune astrocytopathy associated with anti-GFAP Ab (A-GFAP-A). Since GFAP is localized intracellularly, GFAP Ab do not appear to be directly pathogenic though serve as a biomarker of immune inflammation. Although presence of GFAP-Ab in the serum (but not in the CSF) could be observed in various CNS immune-mediated diseases, detection of GFAP-Ab in CSF is only characteristic for A-GFAP-A. A-GFAP-A usually develops after the age of 40 and mostly manifests acutely or subacutely with symptoms of meningoencephalomyelitis or its focal forms. Linear perivascular radial cerebral white matter enhancement is a specific MRI finding of A-GFAP-A. Concomitant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders, as well as co-expression of other antineuronal antibodies are not uncommon in A-GFAP-A. Usually, disease responds well to immunotherapy, and prolonged remission could be achieved, however recurrent disease course and fulminant cases are also described in the literature. In these cases, long-term immunosuppression is required. Data on epidemiology, etiological factors, and precise pathogenesis of A-GFAP-A are still limited. Due to the lack of long-term follow-up data, diagnostic criteria, generally accepted treatment strategies or prognostic risk factors for relapse and outcome of the disease have not yet been established and precised. We present the first description of a case of relapsing A-GFAP-A in Russia and an analysis of the current data on the pathogenesis, clinical features, as well as the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches for A-GFAP-A.
MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Galimova Rezida M. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Buzaev Igor V. , Sidorova Yulia A. , Krekotin Dmitriy K. , Safin Shamil M. , Nabiullina Dinara I. , Akhmadeeva Gulnara N. , Teregulova Dinara R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is approved for management of various movement disorders, primarily essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with favorable long-term outcomes in numerous patients worldwide. However, few case studies describe the use of this modality for symptomatic treatment of dystonias that, as the third most common movement disorder, may be rather disabling.
Objective: To improve outcomes in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) using MRgFUS.
Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 13 cases of various CD types managed with MRgFUS in single or multiple sessions. The mean age of the patients was 42 [39; 53] years. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) was used to assess patients' statuses and severity of CD symptoms during therapy and the last available observation period. The targets included the pallidothalamic tract and the thalamic ventral oralis complex nucleus or their combination.
Results. The mean follow-up period was 13.3 ± 3.4 months (July 2021 to April 2023). The mean CD severity sum score (TWSTRS score) was 22 [16; 25] before MRgFUS and 6 [4; 9] in the last observation. Therefore, we report 70.6% [55.6; 76.5] improvement (paired samples t-test p = 0.0025).
Conclusion. Available data evidence that MRgFUS is efficient and sufficiently safe for symptomatic treatment in pharmacoresistant CD patients. A number of vital aspects of MRgFUS have to be specified in larger CD cohorts in the long-term follow-up.
Copper Ions Reduced Toxicity of Sodium Azide and Lipopolysaccharide on Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons
Authors: Stelmashook Elena V. , Alexandrova Olga P. , Genrikhs Elizaveta E. , Verma Yeshvandra , Salmina Alla B. , Isaev Nickolay K.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Copper ions (Cu2+) are structural elements of proteins such as cytochrome с oxidase (Complex IV), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of electron transfer to oxygen during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. With Cu2+ homeostasis being of utmost importance, its disturbances in the central nervous system are involved in the mechanisms of many neurodegenerative and other brain disorders.
This study aimed to assess the effects of non-toxic copper ion levels on death of cerebellar granule neurons associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; in vitro inflammation model) or azide sodium (NaN3; cytochrome с oxidase inhibitor).
Materials and methods. LPS (10 μg/mL) or NaN3 (250 μM) was added on day 7 to 8 to the culture medium with rat cerebellar cells for 24 hours in vitro. Nitrite concentrations were measured in the culture medium by Griess assay; absorbance was recorded with a spectrophotometer at 540 nm, and morphologically intact cells were counted as survived neurons.
Results. Added to the culture medium, LPS or NaN3 reduced neuron survival to 15 ± 2% or 20 ± 3% vs. control, respectively. Cu2+ (0.5 to 5.0 μM) increased neuron survival in a dose-dependent manner to 78 ± 4% with toxic levels of LPS and to 86 ± 6% with NaN3 with 5 μM Cu2+. The concentration of nitrites in the control culture medium was 2.0 ± 0.2 μM. Added to the cell cultures, LPS increased the concentration of nitrites to 8.5 ± 0.5 μM. Cu2+ 5 μM did not show any significant effects on nitrite accumulation in the culture medium.
Conclusions. We showed that copper ions can exert protective effects on neurons against LPS-induced or NaN3-induced toxicity. This protection is likely to be associated rather with Cu2+ interaction with Complex IV of the electron transfer chain in the mitochondria than with inhibition of NO production. Effects of Cu2+ on apoptosis pathway proteins also cannot be ruled out.
Assessment of Mitochondrial Gene Activity in Dopaminergic Neuron Cultures Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Obtained from Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Vetchinova Anna S. , Kapkaeva Marina R. , Mudzhiri Natalia M. , Illarioshkin Sergey N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) culturing allows modelling of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and discovering its early biomarkers.
Our objective was to evaluate the activity of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and functions in genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) using cultures of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs.
Materials and methods. Dopaminergic neuron cultures were derived by reprogramming of the cells obtained from PD patients with SNCA and LRRK2 gene mutations, as well as from a healthy donor for control. Expression levels of 112 genes regulating mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and functions were assessed by multiplex gene expression profiling using NanoString nCounter custom mitochondrial gene expression panel.
Results. When comparing the characteristics of the neurons from patients with genetic forms of PD to those of the control, we observed variations in the gene activity associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities, biosynthesis of amino acids, oxidation of fatty acids, steroid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and free radical quenching. Several genes in the cell cultures with SNCA and LRRK2 gene mutations exhibited differential expression. Moreover, these genes regulate mitophagy, mitochondrial DNA synthesis, redox reactions, cellular detoxification, apoptosis, as well as metabolism of proteins and nucleotides.
Conclusions. The changes in gene network expression found in this pilot study confirm the role of disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in the molecular pathogenesis of PD. These findings may contribute to the development of biomarkers and to the search for new therapeutic targets for the treatment of SNCA- and LRRK2-associated forms of the disease.
Membingkai Kisah Syafaat Abraham dari Perspektif Spritualitas Pentakostal
Authors: Manurung Kosma
Published: January 2024

Not everyone can write down his life story but the Bible gives a special place to the story of Abraham's life to be passed on to today's believers. The story of Abraham's intercession for the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 18:16-33 is an interesting story to study. It is said that God had determined to destroy the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah, but Abraham tried to negotiate with God so that if possible God would keep His punishment against the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. However, in reality the only survivors of this tragedy were Lot and his two daughters. This research intends to frame the story of Abraham's intercession from the perspective of Pentecostal spirituality. By using the method of narrative interpretation and literature review, it is hoped that it will provide a clear overview of the life lived by Abraham, provide a strong meaning about Abraham's intercession, and frame it from the perspective of Pentecostal spirituality. In conclusion, the Pentecostals view that the story of Abraham's intercession is a story of perseverance in faith, the courage to act out of compassion for others, and is a picture of the mission of the church empowered by the Holy Spirit.          

Tidak semua orang bisa menuliskan kisah hidupnya namun Alkitab memberikan tempat khusus pada kisah kehidupan yang dijalani oleh Abraham untuk diwariskan pada orang percaya masa kini. Kisah syafaat Abraham untuk kota Sodom dan Gomora di Kejadian 18: 16-33 adalah kisah yang menarik untuk dikaji. Diceritakan bahwa Allah telah berketetapan untuk membinasakan penduduk Sodom dan Gomora, namun Abraham mencoba upaya bernegosiasi dengan Allah agar sekiranya mungkin Allah menjauhkan hukumanNya terhadap kota Sodom dan Gomora. Walaupun, pada kenyataannya yang selamat dari tragedi ini hanyalah Lot dan kedua anak perempuannya. Penelitian ini bermaksud membingkai kisah syafaat Abraham ini dari perspektif spritualitas Pentakostal. Dengan menggunakan metode tafsir naratif dan kajian literatur diharapkan bisa memberikan ulasan yang jelas tentang kehidupan yang dijalani oleh Abraham, memberikan makna yang kuat tentang syafaat Abraham, dan membingkainya dari perspektif spritualitas Pentakostal. Disimpulkan, kaum Pentakostal memandang bahwa kisah syafaat Abraham merupakan kisah tentang ketekunan iman, keberanian untuk bertindak karena belas kasihan terhadap sesama, serta merupakan gambaran misi gereja yang diberdayakan Roh Kudus.
Analisis Perubahan Nama Gereja Dayak Evangelis Menjadi Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis: Studi Histografi
Authors: Saputra Hadi
Published: January 2024

So far, the history of the Kalimantan Evangelical Church (GKE) has always been associated with the efforts of the Dayak Evangelical Church (GDE) to become GKE, only looking at it from an ecumenical perspective, despite the fact that there is something very important, namely the removal of the Colonial roots behind the embedded Dayak word. In the struggle for independence that existed at that time, the word "GDE" was identified with the role of the Dayak people, who were considered to be supporting the Dutch colonial government. Historical research is classified in the "Historical Method,", which is a research method specifically used in historical research that passes through certain stages. Heuristics, data collection, and (historical) criticism, namely investigating whether historical traces are genuine both in form and content, Interpretation, and history. Historiography or presentation, namely presenting the synthesis obtained in the form of a narrative, The removal of the name Dayak was an attempt by the church to wash from the burden of past history, which identified Dayak and Colonial power. The church also tried to transform so that the ideals of the church's struggle were no longer just tribal interests but also those of a nationalist church.
Scale(s) of Sexuate Difference
Authors: Karlson-Carp Luara , Hondroudakis Geoffrey
Published: January 2024

Technofeminism has long known that it must be a multi-scalar feminism, that is, able to think, encounter, and negotiate these increasing scales of complexity that comprise our world, from the pharmacological to the planetary-computational. We read technofeminism as constitutively defined by its commitment to both realism and anti-essentialism, and contemporary technofeminisms to be epitomised by, on the one hand, the flat vitalist ontology of new materialism, and on the other, the trans-scalar rationalism of Xenofeminism. By examining these contemporary technofeminisms through contemporary theorisations of the concept of scale, we show that they have a problem with what the latter identify as ‘scalar collapse’; these technofeminisms conceptualise the multi-scalarity of reality, in the last instance, via a collapse into either the ‘master scale’ of new materialist ‘matter’, or via the ‘trans-scalar zoom’ of Xenofeminist rationalism. As such, they recoil from the reality of scalar differences, undermining their commitment to realism (and therefore technics), as well as reducing scalar difference to one unitary, ‘metaphysical’ ground, placing them back within an essentialist collapse. Through examining contemporary theorisations of scale, we claim that in order to avoid such scalar collapse, any truly multi-scalar theory must think difference as both ontogenetic, in the Simondonian sense, and irreducibly at-least-two, in the sense of Irigaray’s concept of sexuate difference. Against any concerns that Irigaray’s notion of sexuate difference may be essentialist or determinist, we show that the ontogenetic character of this difference means it is irreducible and yet also open-ended, that is, open to multiply complex, topologically scalar transformations throughout subsequent individuations. It is this thinking of difference as this ontogenetic ‘at least two’ that can enable contemporary technofeminisms to be truly multi-scalar feminisms.
Advanced Decision-Making Techniques with Generalized Close Sets in Neutrosophic Soft Bitopological Spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kastamonu University, Turkey, Dadaş Hasanş
Published: January 2024

In recent years, neutrosophic soft bitopological spaces have emerged as a promising framework for handling uncertainty and imprecision in various domains, particularly in the context of decision-making problems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of advanced decision-making techniques using generalized close sets in neutrosophic soft bitopological spaces. The primary objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of generalized close sets and their practical applications in decision-making under uncertain conditions. We begin by providing a detailed introduction to the key concepts of neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic soft sets, and neutrosophic soft bitopological spaces. Subsequently, we introduce generalized close sets and discuss their properties and interrelationships with other relevant constructs in the field. The paper then delves into the decision-making aspect, presenting various methodologies for solving decision-making problems using generalized close sets in the context of neutrosophic soft bitopological spaces. Numerous illustrative examples and case studies are provided throughout the paper to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed techniques in handling complex decision-making problems in real-world scenarios. The results of this research not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field but also offer valuable insights for practitioners and researchers seeking to employ advanced decision-making techniques in uncertain environments.
Analyzing Geely's Acquisition of Volvo in Terms of Motivation, Risk and Competitive Markets
Authors: Li Wen , Liu Ruomu , Ye Yiwen
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the global automobile industry continues to develop, and mergers and acquisitions between enterprises have become an important strategic means of the industry. Geely's acquisition of Volvo has become one of the focal points of the global auto industry. This paper examines the Geely acquisition of Volvo, analyzing its motivation of acquisition and strategic goal, financing, potential risk, competition, and achievement. The study found that Geely's acquisition of Volvo enhanced Geely's position in the global market, strengthened the competitiveness of Chinese automakers, and accelerated the development of its own brands. At the same time, Volvo also gained a broader market and resources from Geely's acquisition, which helped to enhance brand value and market share. The research offers empirical insights for the automotive industry, guiding decision-making and providing policy recommendations. Investors should monitor industry dynamics, while leaders should evaluate strategies and enhance cross-cultural management capabilities. Governments can support domestic firms' global competitiveness and promote industry sustainability. In summary, this paper contributes to the understanding of the Geely-Volvo acquisition and offers guidance for stakeholders.
Micro-Mechanism Analysis of Computer Industry Division of Labor Modularization Based on Supramarginal Models
Authors: Liu Hanyang
Published: January 2024

After the modularization of computer production technology in the last century, market value gradually dispersed from the integrated enterprise IBM, leading to a gradual transformation in the organizational structure of the industry. However, the implementation of technological modularization does not necessarily result in the modularization of industrial division of labor. This paper addresses the evolutionary problem of organizational modularization by constructing a supramarginal model and transforming it into a choice problem for division of labor structures. The modularization of product production technology provides a uniform standard for interfaces between various components of complex products, leading to positive transaction efficiency between module manufacturers and module integrators. As transaction efficiency improves, the production organizational structure shifts from integration to modularized division of labor. Based on this foundation, the paper analyzes the impact of industry modularized division of labor on individual welfare and market expansion.
Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain-Taking Wal-Mart as an Example
Authors: Yan Xiaocan
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, people are more concerned about the origin and traceability of the products in their daily lives. As China is a major food safety country. We will use FOOD as an example to launch our research on the application of blockchain in the supply chain.There are two problems that appears in the food : one is The origin of food,the other one is The problem of manufacturing and sales data tampered. Blockchain is suitable for the supply chain requirement.Take Walmart China as an example. The platform uses blockchain technology to create a 'source-to-shelf' model that tracks food as it moves through the supply chain. It will allow Walmart to seamlessly deploy its trackable strategy and use this distributed technology at scale.Actually, Walmart is not the first company to take action.
Mechanism and Hints Behind the Anchoring Effect in Sales, Auction, and Willingness to Pay
Authors: Li Xiang
Published: January 2024

The anchoring effect, a cognitive bias, has substantial implications in various fields, including behavioural economics. It influences individuals' assessments and choices by anchoring them to specific initial values and causing insufficient adjustments. This article explores the anchoring effect's mechanisms and its impact on B2B sales, auctions, and willingness to pay. It also offers guidance for business owners, price-setters, and auctioneers to leverage the anchoring effect to their advantage. In B2B sales, results indicate that when salespeople are informed of higher reference discounts, they tend to offer significantly higher discounts to new customers, which leads to conservatism and cause a systematic distortion in various economic contexts. This demonstrates the positive impact of reference discounts on pricing decisions, driven by a tendency to avoid risk. Auction item sequences influencing bidding outcomes. Auctions featuring more valuable items first yield higher revenues, as buyers anchor their expectations to the initial prices. Sellers can strategically position items to maximize profits, particularly when the initial auction prices are set lower than market expectations. Studies also reveal that Lower anchoring prices may decrease willingness to pay (WTP) while higher initial reference points can lead to higher WTP. Additionally, the use of "up to" in advertising discounts can positively affect WTP due to an asymmetry effect.
The Development Path and Challenges of Digital Transformation of Small and Medium Sized-Enterprises-Taking Fat East and FAW-Volkswagen as Examples
Authors: Luo Min , Zhang Haoxiang
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the digital economy and artificial intelligence have relied on some digital technologies to develop rapidly. The world is also in the post-pandemic era of gradual economic recovery, and many companies want to achieve their own transformation through unique pathways. Being a significant driver of China's employment and economy, small and medium-sized enterprises should take the lead in completing digital transformation. This paper analyzes in detail from the three dimensions of development status, development path, obstacles and challenges, and selects some examples and real data queried from China Metrology and Testing Network for investigation. The survey results show that small and medium-sized businesses are still in the first half of the digital transformation road. In the meantime, they will encounter many problems in the process of transformation, such as weak digital technology foundation, talent shortage, capital chain obstacles, and low general awareness. In addition, the study finds that the government's collaboration with enterprises is an important measure to encourage the digital transformation of small and medium-sized companies. With the goal to encourage the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, the government and relevant departments should issue and implement corresponding policies to pave the way further effectively for enterprises. Enterprises should also actively exert their subjective initiative and take every step down-to-earth.
Exploring the Economic Development Model of Culture and Tourism Integration--Taking Beijing Hutong Tour as an Example
Authors: Qin Yilu
Published: January 2024

The integrated development of cultural and tourism industry has become one of the important trends in the development of tertiary industry in various countries, which can effectively stimulate the vitality of related industries, give full play to resource advantages, and promote the high-quality economic development of the region. This paper analyzes the economic development mode of cultural and tourism industry integration, and analyzes its influencing factors and effects in detail. There are four main factors affecting the development of the integration model of culture and tourism: resource elements, technological innovation, consumer demand and government regulation. And its effects include positive and negative effects, which can be analyzed from three aspects: economy, society and environment. At the same time, this paper analyzes the cultural and tourism integration of Shichahai Hutong in Beijing, China, and puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions according to its integration status, effects and problems, so as to promote the efficient development of cultural and tourism integration of Shichahai Hutong.
Marketing Strategy Analysis Based on Consumer Psychology-Taking Tiffany as an Example
Authors: Zhu Lelan
Published: January 2024

Tiffany, an iconic American jewelry brand established in 1837, has become emblematic of luxury and sophistication. As the digital age has ushered in new modes of communication, luxury markets face increased competition, necessitating a deep understanding of consumer needs, preferences, and motivations. This paper delves into Tiffany's consumer demographics and psychology, revealing that the majority of its buyers are females aged 25-34. Yet, the over-45 demographic struggles to adapt to Tiffany's online marketing approaches, perhaps due to their unfamiliarity with online luxury shopping. To cater to younger consumers, Tiffany has revamped its marketing strategies, choosing younger brand ambassadors and launching youth-centrism products. Despite the brand's rejuvenation, it maintains its high-end luxury profile, targeting mid to upper-income groups, many of whom prioritize product quality over price. David Dubois's concept of the psychology of luxury consumption highlights the tensions between personal interpretations and societal definitions of luxury. This dynamic is evident in Tiffany's strategic use of narratives and interactive digital campaigns to foster deep consumer connections. To further distinguish itself from competitors, Tiffany emphasizes product craftsmanship and uniqueness. The brand can expand its reach through regionalization, tailoring its marketing strategies to resonate with local cultures and values. Employing consumer psychology insights, such as encouraging customer storytelling and leveraging modern technology for personalized shopping experiences, can further solidify Tiffany's position in the luxury market.
Evidence from Empirical Studies: Which Groups of Individuals Experience More Severe Income Hardship Due to COVID-19 Infection?
Authors: Nan Zhang
Published: January 2024

There is a lack of evidence on whether a pandemic exacerbates economic inequalities among disadvantaged groups. This study examined whether the income of single households was affected by sample adults who were infected with COVID-19. I used NHIS data, compared the average income between infected sample adults and uninfected for each of the sub-groups, and constructed the difference in the difference graph based on the mean value. Also, using a difference-in-difference model to confirm statistically significant differences in mean income between the different groups. The results show that full-time sample adults infected with COVID-19 have significantly lower incomes than those uninfected; the sample adults with hypertension, low education, or non-metropolitan residents groups, who were not infected with COVID-19 were the most disadvantaged financially. The main reason for these unexpected results may be that the unemployment of infected persons instead qualifies them for high benefits.