bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Solidarity not alms’: Civil rights movements contesting the evictions and denial of social rights from vulnerable European Union citizens in Sweden
Authors: Morell Ildikó Asztalos
Published: May 2018

The chief aims of the Swedish municipality-based Facebook network SEM, ‘Solidarity with EU migrants’ [Solidaritet med EU migranter!] are to fight for better conditions and humane treatment of migrants primarily from Romania, who came to Sweden in hope of finding work and the ability to provide for their families. The site is to transmit relevant news, actions, organise money collections, political actions and alike.

Those volunteers active in the group believe that ‘righteousness and solidarity’ should apply, even those who are in the grip of European Union bureaucracy. 1 Using theories of civil movements in the IT age, I elaborate on how the activists on the site respond to the challenges of the criminalisation of vulnerable European Union citizens, by balancing their engagement between the dimensions of ‘pragmatic voluntarism’ versus ‘subversive humanitarianism’. Furthermore, I explore how the site counteracts hegemonic master narratives on Roma as both idle and victims, who need to be saved from begging, by providing alternative narratives of subjectivities and identities to the Roma men and women they work with and for, seeing them as agents struggling to improve the lives of their families.
The future(s) of open science
Authors: Mirowski Philip
Published: May 2018

Almost everyone is enthusiastic that ‘open science’ is the wave of the future. Yet when one looks seriously at the flaws in modern science that the movement proposes to remedy, the prospect for improvement in at least four areas are unimpressive. This suggests that the agenda is effectively to re-engineer science along the lines of platform capitalism, under the misleading banner of opening up science to the masses.
Influence of Thermal Sweep on Girder Stability during Construction
Authors: Honig Jeffrey M. , Harper Zachary S. , Consolazio Gary R.
Published: May 2018

During construction, girder stability of precast, prestressed concrete bridge girders is adversely affected by fabrication imperfections. Consequently, limits on lateral sweep imperfection caused by fabrication tolerances are imposed by design standards, thus reducing the possibility of girder instability and rollover. However, thermal sweep, induced by solar heating during early stages of construction, can add to pre-existing fabrication tolerances thereby amplifying girder imperfections and reducing stability. In the present study, lateral thermal gradients available in the literature were adopted and enhanced for purposes of computing thermal girder sweep. A variety of girder types—PCI BT-63, Florida-I Beams, and AASHTO Type-V—were then investigated to quantify the influence that lateral thermal sweep has on the stability of individual precast concrete bridge girders under lateral wind load. Previously validated finite element analysis modeling and analysis techniques were used to conduct a parametric study that included 10 girder types, varying span lengths, and five geographic locations. Results revealed that thermal sweep may cause wind carrying capacity reductions of the order of 30 to 60% for typical span lengths, and even greater reductions at span lengths that approach maximum design limits. Consequently, it is crucial that thermal sweep, caused by environmental solar-heating conditions, be considered in construction-stage girder stability analyses.
Utilization of Gaps at Single-Lane Roundabouts
Authors: Belz Nathan P. , Yang Addison
Published: May 2018

The study of gap acceptance behavior at roundabout entries is important for both capacity and safety analysis. Although considerable research exists on the relative size of vehicular gaps that are accepted during the driver decision process when entering a roundabout, the effective use of accepted gaps has not been adequately addressed. In the same way as follow-up time between entering vehicles is deemed to be a critical component in the entry capacity of a roundabout and considered in gap-acceptance derived capacity models, it is proposed here that the temporal distribution associated with when drivers enter into usable gaps is of equal importance. Approximately 60 hours of video were collected at six single-lane roundabouts located in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and Alaska, from which the gap decision processes of drivers were extracted and analyzed. A total of 1,181 accepted gaps were observed under saturated conditions and were included in the final dataset. The data show statistically significant temporal variations in the utilization of usable gaps by drivers, as well as between-site differences across the study locations. These findings suggest potential merit in the consideration of this factor in the calibration and capacity analysis process for single-lane roundabouts.
Midterm Outcomes and Return to Sports Among Athletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Perets Itay , Craig Matthew J. , Mu Brian H. , Maldonado David R. , Litrenta Jody M. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Hip arthroscopy is an established surgical treatment for pathologic hip conditions in athletes. There is a paucity in the literature regarding outcomes and return to sport for athletes in the midterm.

Purpose:

To report minimum 5-year outcomes, return to sport, and level of sport among athletic patients who underwent hip arthroscopy. In addition, we compared 2- and 5-year outcomes to evaluate whether there is a deterioration in functional status.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected on all patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between February 2009 and November 2011 at 1 institution. Athletes at the high school, collegiate, or professional level who underwent hip arthroscopy and had preoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores were considered for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were preoperative Tönnis grade >1 or prior ipsilateral hip conditions or surgery. Data on sports participation, competition level, and ability were collected. At a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, PROs, visual analog scale (VAS), iHOT-12 (short version of International Hip Outcome Tool), satisfaction, and postoperative complication data were collected.

Results:

Seventy-seven hips met all criteria, among which 66 (85.7%) had a minimum 5-year follow-up and were included. There were 37 high school, 20 collegiate, and 9 professional athletes. Mean ± SD improvements at a minimum of 5 years were as follows: modified Harris Hip Score, 66.8 ± 16.3 to 87.0 ± 14.8 ( P < .001); nonarthritic hip score, 66.2 ± 19.9 to 87.2 ± 15.2 ( P < .001); Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, 47.0 ± 22.4 to 79.1 ± 23.0 ( P < .001); and VAS, 5.4 ± 2.5 to 1.8 ± 2.1 ( P < .001). At latest follow-up, mean iHOT-12 was 78.8 ± 22.7, and satisfaction was 8.2. A total of 50 athletes (53 hips, 80.3%) reported that they returned to sports; 71.2% reported “same” or “higher” sport ability as compared with a year before surgery. Postoperative complications included 3 cases (4.5%) of numbness and 1 case (1.5%) of pulmonary embolism. Ten hips (15.2%) required secondary arthroscopies, and no hips were converted to total hip arthroplasty. There were no significant differences between 2- and 5-year PROs, VAS, or satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Midterm results of hip arthroscopy in athletes are shown to be safe and favorable. Most athletes return to sports and continue to play after 5 years with the same or higher ability.
Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on recyclability of blends prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Suresh Sunil S , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K
Published: May 2018

The current investigation deals with the recycling possibilities of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Recycled blends of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) are successfully formed from the plastic constituents, those are recovered from waste computer products. However, lower impact performance of the blend and lower stability of the poly(vinyl chloride) phase in the recycled blend restricts its further usage in industrial purposes. Therefore, effective utilisation acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in a recycled blend was considered for improving mechanical and thermal performance. Incorporation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber resulted in the improvement in impact performance as well as elongation-at-break of the recycled blend. The optimum impact performance was found in the blend with 9 wt% acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, which shows 363% of enhancement as compared with its parent blend. Moreover, incorporated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber also stabilises the poly(vinyl chloride) phase present in the recycled blend, similarly Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicate the interactions of various functionalities present in the recycled blend and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. In addition to this, thermogravimetric analysis indicates the improvement in the thermal stability of the recycled blend after the addition of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber into it. The existence of partial miscibility in the recycled blend was identified using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.
The Romantic Relationship Experiences of Young Adult Women Exposed to Domestic Violence
Authors: Haselschwerdt Megan L. , Carlson Camille E. , Hlavaty Kathleen
Published: May 2018

Guided by a review of the literature on intergenerational transmission of violence, or “the cycle of violence”, and Johnson’s typology of domestic violence, the current study qualitatively examined the romantic relationship experiences of 23 young adult women who were exposed to father-mother-perpetrated domestic violence (DV) during childhood and adolescence. Findings are partially consistent with the hypothesis that DV exposure is associated with an increased risk of later experiencing dating violence, such that half of the sample reported having abusive partners or relationships during high school. However, none of the young women reported violence or abuse during the early years of college, suggesting the salience of developmental timing when examining transmission of violence. Beyond whether the women experienced dating violence, they described how their earlier DV exposure experiences influence how they entered into, managed, and exited romantic relationships. By comparing their potential, former, and current romantic relationships with their fathers’ violence and abuse, their mothers’ victimization, and high school relationship partners’ behaviors, the young women actively and strategically managed their relationship involvement over time. Although women exposed to both situational couple and coercive controlling violence reported experiencing abuse during high school, only women with coercive controlling exposure experienced reported having nonabusive, healthy, and supportive relationships. Findings suggest that the romantic relationship experiences of DV-exposed young adult women are complex, warranting a holistic approach that takes into consideration the full range of potential relationship experiences, the role of former relationships, and developmental timing when seeking to prevent and intervene in intergenerational transmission processes.
A Typology of Crowdwork Platforms
Authors: Howcroft Debra , Bergvall-Kåreborn Birgitta
Published: May 2018

Despite growing interest in the gig economy among academics, policy makers and media commentators, the area is replete with different terminology, definitional constructs and contested claims about the ensuing transformation of work organisation. The aim of this positional piece is to provide a timely review and classification of crowdwork. A typology is developed to map the complexity of this emerging terrain, illuminating range and scope by critically synthesising empirical findings and issues from multidisciplinary literatures. Rather than side-tracking into debates as to what exactly constitutes crowdwork, the purpose of the typology is to highlight commonalities rather than distinctions, enabling connections across areas. The framework serves as a heuristic device for considering the broader implications for work and employment in terms of control and coordination, regulation and classification, and collective agency and representation.
Investigation of the hardness improvement for Al-A380 alloy using the controlled atmosphere in the mechanical stirring casting method
Authors: Kolahdooz Amin
Published: May 2018

This work studied the semisolid (SSM) Al-A380 alloy formed by mechanical stirring under the circumstances of controlled atmosphere with argon gas. The A380 aluminium alloy produced due to this process can be used instead of the forging processes or die casting with better mechanical properties. In this paper, first, the effects of the solid fraction, the stirring speed and the mold temperature on the hardness and microstructure are studied using a mechanical stirrer. Then some tests such as XRD and ultrasonic test are done to investigate the effect of using the controlled atmosphere system. By optimizing the forming parameters and with the breaking of primary a phase dendrites, the microstructure will be changed to the spherical form, therefore the mechanical properties will be improved. The results showed that the hardness of the billets has increased significantly due to the uniform grains distribution at the condition of 580 ℃ stirring temperature, 300 r/min stirring speed and mold temperature of 100 ℃. Also, the process properly optimized with the controlled atmosphere. In this condition, the results illustrated that the mechanical properties of the alloy increased around 30%.
Carry distance of top-of-rail friction modifiers
Authors: Khan Saad Ahmed , Lundberg Jan , Stenström Christer
Published: May 2018

Rail issues such as corrugation, rolling contact fatigue, noise and wear have been increasing with the increase in railway traffic. The application of top-of-rail friction modifiers (TOR-FMs) is claimed by their manufacturers in the railway industry to be a well-established technique for resolving the above-mentioned issues. There are various methods for applying friction modifiers at the wheel–rail interface, among which stationary wayside systems are recommended by TOR-FM manufacturers when a distance of a few kilometres is to be covered. TOR-FM manufacturers also claim that by using wayside equipment, the TOR-FM can be spread over a minimum distance of 3 km, over which it maintains a coefficient of friction of µ = 0.35 ± 0.05. To determine the carry distance of TOR-FMs, some researchers use tribometers to measure the coefficients of friction. However, moisture and deposits from the environment and trains can alter the top-of-rail friction and give a misleading indication of the presence of a friction modifier. Therefore, the coefficient of friction itself is not a clear indicator of the presence of TOR-FMs. In the present study, cotton swabs dipped in a mixture of alcohol and ester were used to collect surface deposits (a third body) from both the wheel and rail at various distances from the point of application. Subsequently, the third body collected on the cotton swab was analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The results have shown that the maximum carry distance of TOR-FMs on the top of the rail is limited to 70 m when using a TOR-FM from one manufacturer and to 450 m when using a TOR-FM from another manufacturer. The carry distance on the contact band of the wheel is limited to 100 m and 340 m. The friction modifier on the edges of the contact band was detected over a distance of up to 3 km; however, this will not minimise the damage or friction at the wheel–rail interface.
Relationship Between Expectation of Death and Location of Death Varies by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Romo Rafael D. , Cenzer Irena S. , Williams Brie A. , Smith Alexander K.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Older black and Latino Americans are more likely than white Americans to die in the hospital. Whether ethnic differences in expectation of death account for this disparity is unknown.

Objectives:

To determine whether surviving family members’ expectation of death has a differential association with site of death according to race or ethnicity.

Methods:

We conducted an analysis of decedents from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative study of US older adults. Telephone surveys were conducted with family members for 5979 decedents (decedents were 55% were women, 85% white, 9% black, and 6% Latino). The outcome of interest was death in the hospital; the predictor variable was race/ethnicity, and the intervening variable was expectation of death. Covariates included sociodemographics (gender, age, household net worth, educational attainment level, religion) and health factors (chronic conditions, symptoms, health-care utilization).

Results:

Decedents’ race/ethnicity was statistically related to the expectation of death and death in the hospital. When death was not expected, whites and Latinos were more likely to die in the hospital than when death was expected (49% vs 29% for whites and 55% vs 37% for Latinos; P < .001). There was no difference in site of death according to family’s expectation of death among blacks.

Conclusion:

Expectation of death did not fully account for site of death and played a greater role among whites and Latinos than among black Americans. Discussing prognosis by itself is unlikely to address ethnic disparities. Other factors appear to play an important role as well.
Impact of Positive Pressure Treatment of the Airway on Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Serrano Merino Jesús , Pérula de Torres Luis Ángel , Bardwell Wayne A. , Muñoz Gómez Rafaela , Roldán Villalobos Ana , Feu Collado Nuria , Ruiz-Moral Roger , Jurado-Gámez Bernabé
Published: May 2018

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic illness that increases in prevalence with age. Treatment includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. Studies about the use of CPAP in the elderly are scarce. The main objective of this study is to determine whether CPAP contributes to improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQL) in elderly patients with OSA.

Method:

This was a prospective, pre-/postintervention assessment of a cohort of patients ≥65 years of age with OSA diagnosis by polysomnography who were being treated with CPAP and were physically independent and had good cognitive status. We determined HRQL before and after 3 months of CPAP treatment using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36, a 36-item, patient-reported survey) and Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI). The effect of CPAP on daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Results:

Of the 103 participants with a mean age of 71.5 ± 4.19 years, 66% were male. After 3 months of therapy, the mean CPAP usage was 6.3 ± 1.41 hr/day. The effectiveness of CPAP in controlling the OSA was demonstrated (mean difference pre- and posttherapy: 34.30 ± 18.52 events/hr, p < .001). Postintervention, the categories of the SF-36 improved meaningfully ( p < .001). Moreover, all categories of SAQLI improved ( p < .001) with the exception of “symptoms” ( p = .073). ESS scores also improved significantly (difference = 5.2 ± 4.47, p < .001) postintervention.

Conclusion:

Therapy with CPAP in elderly patients with OSA helps improve their HRQL and reduces daytime sleepiness.
Coincidence by design
Authors: Stockbridge Germaine , Wooffitt Robin
Published: May 2018

In this article we develop an approach to coincidences as discursive activities. To illustrate the range of empirical questions that can be explored in the analysis of coincidence accounts, we examine one single written account, which was submitted to a website of a research project to investigate the statistical dimensions of coincidence experiences. Our analysis is broadly ethnomethodological in that we examine this single case to identify how structural and narrative components work to constitute the recognizably coincidental quality of the events so described. The analysis identifies a mirror structure that resembles chiasmus, a figurative device found in classical texts. The analysis also describes how the account is designed to address inferential matters related to the site to which it was submitted. In the discussion we reflect on the implications of this approach for other approaches to coincidence.
Articulating virtue: Planning ethics within and beyond post politics
Authors: McClymont Katie
Published: May 2018

Post-foundationalist political theories have provided some of the most radical tools of critique in recent years. As well as challenging the dominant orthodoxy of achieving consensus in decision-making, they give voice to claims that the world can be conceived differently than how it is expressed in contemporary neoliberal hegemony by the reassertion of disagreement as fundamental to democratic politics. However, this conflict itself is a means not an end: it provides the intellectual tools to dissemble the dominant qua hegemonic version of contemporary society and its concomitant framing of values, but it does not provide a way in which to assess the validity of any counterclaims to the contemporary hegemony. Post-foundationalist approaches can critique the status quo for its practice and ontology, but do not offer substantive grounds for an alternative. This is of particular importance for planning as an outcome-based activity; engaging daily with ideas of better or worse developments. If planning is to be conceived as ‘the art of situated ethical judgement’, questions of value judgement are central to any theoretical conceptualisation or critique. The article develops this argument by considering the contribution that Alasdair MacIntyre’s ethical and political thought could make to this debate. MacIntyre’s notion of virtue ethics demonstrates how ethical judgement can be made without the need for an enlightenment foundationalist ontology to underpin its claims. The article demonstrates how this approach allows for new ways of thinking through the ethical questions implicit in much of the post-foundationalist critiques of planning practice and, in turn, offers a situated way of judging outcomes, which is not constrained by the post-political condition.
Leveraging a design of experiments methodology to enhance impacts of modeling and simulations for engineered resilient systems
Authors: MacCalman Alex D , Goerger Simon R
Published: May 2018

System engineers rely on a variety of models and simulations to help understand multiple perspectives in several domains throughout a system’s life-cycle. These domain models include operational simulations, life-cycle cost models, physics-based computational models, and many more. Currently, there is a technical gap with regard to our ability to untangle system design drivers within system life-cycle domains. This article provides a procedural workflow that addresses this technical gap by leveraging the methods of experimental design in order to clearly identify tradable variables and narrow the search for viable system variants. Our purpose is to illuminate trade decisions across several different viewpoints by integrating metamodels that approximate the behavior of multiple domain models; a metamodel is a statistical function that acts as a surrogate to a model. Model inputs often represent value properties that define a system alternative configuration or environmental conditions that represent uncertain factors within the system boundary. Model outputs represent measures of performance or effectiveness that allow us to compare alternatives and understand the tradeoffs among several objectives. In order to illuminate the tradeoffs that exist in a complex system design problem we propose an approach that approximates model input and output behavior using the functional form of statistical metamodels. After performing an experimental design, we can fit a metamodel with a functional form known as a response surface. We utilize contour profilers that show horizontal cross sections of multiple response surfaces to visualize where key trade decisions exist. Our research supports the tradespace analytics pillar for the development of the engineered resilient system (ERS) architecture. The article concludes with instructions on how to perform simulation experiments to construct a dynamic dashboard that illuminates system tradeoffs.
Dural arteriovenous fistula of the lateral foramen magnum region: A review
Authors: Li Chao , Yu Jing , Li Kailing , Hou Kun , Yu Jinlu
Published: May 2018

The lateral foramen magnum region is defined as the bilateral occipital area that runs laterally up to the jugular foramen. The critical vasculatures of this region are not completely understood. Dural arteriovenous fistulas that occur in this region are rare and difficult to treat. Therefore, we searched PubMed to identify all relevant previously published English language articles about lateral foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas, and we performed a review of this literature to increase understanding about these fistulas. Four types of dural arteriovenous fistulas occur in the lateral foramen magnum region. These include anterior condylar confluence and anterior condylar vein dural arteriovenous fistulas, posterior condylar canal dural arteriovenous fistulas, marginal sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas, and jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistulas. These dural arteriovenous fistulas share similar angioarchitectures and clinical characteristics. The clinical presentations of lateral foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas include pulsatile tinnitus, intracranial hemorrhage, myelopathy, orbital symptoms, and cranial nerve palsy. Currently, head computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are useful for diagnosing dural arteriovenous fistulas, and of these, DSA remains the “gold standard.” Most lateral foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas need to be treated due to their aggressive symptoms, and transvenous embolization presents the best options. During treatment, it is critical to accurately place the microcatheter into the fistula point, and intraoperative integrated computed tomography and DSA data are very helpful. Other treatments, such as transarterial embolization, microsurgery or conservative treatment, can also be chosen. After appropriate treatment, most patients with lateral foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistulas achieve satisfactory outcomes.
Simulation and experimental research of hydraulic pressure and intake valve lift on a fully hydraulic variable valve system for a spark-ignition engine
Authors: Chen Fei , Chang Yingjie , Xie Zongfa , Zhang Kaiyu , Sun Tingting , Li Xiaorui , Huang Yuzhen
Published: May 2018

A fully hydraulic variable valve system based on spark-ignition engine BJ486EQ is introduced in this article, which can provide fully variable valve lifts, valve timing, and valve opening duration. A simulation model of fully hydraulic variable valve system is established, which is verified through experimental intake valve lift and hydraulic pressure. It is found that pressure fluctuation in hydraulic system of fully hydraulic variable valve system becomes greater with the increase in engine speed, which even leads to “lift distortion.” The cam profile of fully hydraulic variable valve system and the structure of the throttling valve which is used to reduce valve seating speed are optimized by simulation. The lift distortion and rebound do not occur in the optimized fully hydraulic variable valve system, which is indicated by the results of simulation and experiments when the engine speed is 5000 r/min, and valve seating characteristics become stable and soft.
Mobile robot path planning using an improved ant colony optimization
Authors: Akka Khaled , Khaber Farid
Published: May 2018

Ant colony algorithm is an intelligent optimization algorithm that is widely used in path planning for mobile robot due to its advantages, such as good feedback information, strong robustness and better distributed computing. However, it has some problems such as the slow convergence and the prematurity. This article introduces an improved ant colony algorithm that uses a stimulating probability to help the ant in its selection of the next grid and employs new heuristic information based on the principle of unlimited step length to expand the vision field and to increase the visibility accuracy; and also the improved algorithm adopts new pheromone updating rule and dynamic adjustment of the evaporation rate to accelerate the convergence speed and to enlarge the search space. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the conventional algorithms.
The role of technology-mediated music-making in enhancing engagement and social communication in children with autism and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kossyvaki Lila , Curran Sara
Published: May 2018

Very little research has explored the impact of interventions combining music and technology on children with a dual diagnosis of autism and intellectual disabilities (ID) incorporating the active involvement of school staff. Video recordings and group interviews were used to collect data in this study. Video recordings of five children with autism and ID were conducted as they engaged with a technology-mediated music-making intervention over a period of 5 weeks. Additionally, five group interviews with classroom staff were carried out. This study is the first to explore the impact of a technology-mediated music-making intervention on the engagement levels and social communication skills of children with autism and ID at school. Some positive outcomes, especially regarding social communication skills, are reported, which are of significant value to educational researchers and school staff.
Patient reported adverse events among epileptic patients taking antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Ayalew Mohammed Biset , Muche Esileman Abdela
Published: May 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess patient reported adverse events and associated factors among epileptic patients taking antiepileptic drugs on follow-up at University of Gondar Referral Hospital.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study was done on 354 adult epileptic patients. Patients who were on antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy treatment for less than a year, those who were below 18 years old, patients with incomplete information on the chart and those who were involuntary or uncooperative were excluded from the study. Data were entered in to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was done to see factors associated with antiepileptic drugs adverse effect. Level of statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05.

Result:

Generalized tonic clonic seizure was the most common (86.2%) type of epilepsy. A total of 79 adverse events were reported. The most frequently encountered adverse events were fatigue (5.08%), gastrointestinal disturbance (4.24%) and sedation/depression (4.24%). Adverse drug effect of antiepileptic drugs was significantly associated with illiterate educational status, increased number of antiepileptic drugs, no seizure during last follow-up and last year, and 1–5 seizures for the last year.

Conclusion:

About one-sixth of epileptic patients reported adverse drug effects. Adverse drug effects were more commonly seen in patients with low educational status, increased number of antiepileptic drugs, absence of seizure during last follow-up and last year, and 1–5 seizures for the last year. So clinicians should give emphasis for patients with these characteristics to counsel on how to minimize or prevent adverse drug events from antiepileptic drugs or giving reassurance about it if it is minor.
Selections From the ABC 2017 Annual Conference, Dublin, Ireland: Finding a Pedagogical Pot o’ Gold
Authors: Whalen D. Joel
Published: May 2018

This article, the first of a two-part series, offers readers 13 teaching innovations debuted at the 2017 Association for Business Communication’s annual conference in Dublin, Ireland. Assignment topics presented here include communication strategy and message-packaging skills, deep communication insights, and career and personal development. Additional assignment support materials—instructions to students, stimulus materials, slides, grading rubrics, frequently asked questions, and sample student projects—are downloadable from the Association for Business Communication and DePaul University Center for Sales Leadership websites: http://www.businesscommunication.org/page/assignments and https://salesleadershipcenter.com/research/business-professional-communication-quarterly-my-favorite-assignment
B-cell differentiation and IL-21 response in IL2RG/JAK3 SCID patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Miggelbrink Alexandra M. , Logan Brent R. , Buckley Rebecca H. , Parrott Roberta E. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Kapoor Neena , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Prockop Susan E. , Shyr David , Decaluwe Hélène , Hanson Imelda C. , Gillio Alfred , Dávila Saldaña Blachy J. , Eibel Hermann , Hopkins Gregory , Walter Jolan E. , Whangbo Jennifer S. , Kohn Donald B. , Puck Jennifer M. , Cowan Morton J. , Griffith Linda M. , Haddad Elie , O’Reilly Richard J. , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Pai Sung-Yun
Published: May 2018

Key Points

IL2RG/JAK3-deficient B cells remain intrinsically defective posttransplant despite follicular helper T-cell reconstitution. In vitro response of B cells to IL-21 is a potential biomarker for humoral immunity in patients with IL2RG/JAK3 SCID after transplantation.
Immune regulatory cell infusion for graft-versus-host disease prevention and therapy
Authors: Blazar Bruce R. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Hill Geoffrey R.
Published: May 2018

Current approaches to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after stem cell transplantation rely principally on pharmacological immune suppression. Such approaches are limited by drug toxicity, nonspecific immune suppression, and a requirement for long-term therapy. Our increased understanding of the regulatory cells and molecular pathways involved in limiting pathogenic immune responses opens the opportunity for the use of these cell subsets to prevent and/or GVHD. The theoretical advantages of this approach is permanency of effect, potential for facilitating tissue repair, and induction of tolerance that obviates a need for ongoing drug therapy. To date, a number of potential cell subsets have been identified, including FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) and FoxP3negIL-10+ (FoxP3-negative) regulatory T (Tr1), natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, innate lymphoid cells, and various myeloid suppressor populations of hematopoietic (eg, myeloid derived suppressor cells) and stromal origin (eg, mesenchymal stem cells). Despite initial technical challenges relating to large-scale selection and expansion, these regulatory lineages are now undergoing early phase clinical testing. To date, Treg therapies have shown promising results in preventing clinical GVHD when infused early after transplant. Results from ongoing studies over the next 5 years will delineate the most appropriate cell lineage, source (donor, host, third party), timing, and potential exogenous cytokine support needed to achieve the goal of clinical transplant tolerance.
Narrative medicine educational project to improve the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cappuccio Antonietta , Sanduzzi Zamparelli Alessandro , Verga Massimo , Nardini Stefano , Policreti Alessandro , Porpiglia Pasquale Alberto , Napolitano Silvia , Marini Maria Giulia
Published: May 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive loss of pulmonary function. Often patients do not adhere to inhaled therapies and this leads clinicians to switch treatments in order to improve control of the symptoms. Narrative medicine is a useful approach that helps healthcare professionals to think over the doctor–patient relationship and how patients live with their disease. The aim of this training project was to teach pulmonologists the basics of narrative medicine: to carefully listen to patients and to practice reflective writing in their relationship with them.

Training on narrative medicine and parallel charts was provided through a webinar and a weekly newsletter.

Across 362 narratives, written by 74 Italian pulmonologists, 92% of patients had activity limitations at their first visit. The main factor influencing the effectiveness and adherence to therapy was a positive doctor–patient relationship; indeed, if such relationship is difficult, only 21% of patients are able to resume all their activities.

After learning the narrative approach, clinicians became aware of the need to spend more time listening to patients, to reflect through writing and to understand more deeply the motivations that lead people towards adherence to new therapies.
Somatic mutation landscape of a meningioma and its pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Du Yaran , Lu Ting , Huang Song , Ren Fangfang , Cui Gang , Chen Jian
Published: May 2018

Background

Extracranial metastasis (ENM) of meningiomas is extremely rare, and typically occurs several years after a primary tumor is diagnosed. However, the genetic changes underlying ENM events have not yet been investigated.

Case presentation

A 58‐year‐old male patient was sent to the emergency room of our hospital because of a sudden fall. Magnetic resonance imaging detected a mass at the right frontal sagittal sinus. He underwent tumor resection and recovered well, but post‐operative computed tomography revealed three lumps on the right side of his chest. Thoracic surgery was performed to remove two of the lumps. Pathological findings revealed that the brain and lung tumors were grade I meningiomas. The patient received no additional radiation or chemotherapy post‐surgery, and there was no sign of tumor recurrence in the brain or progression of the remaining lump in the chest 1 year after surgery. We performed whole exome sequencing of the patient's blood, primary brain tumor, and lung metastatic tumor tissues to identify somatic genetic alterations that had occurred during ENM. This revealed that a frameshift deletion of the neurofibromin 2 gene likely drove formation of the meningioma. Surprisingly, we found that the brain tumor was relatively homogeneous and contained only one dominant clone; both the pulmonary metastasis and the original brain tumor were derived from the same clone, and no obvious additional driver mutations were detected in the metastatic tumor.

Conclusion

Although ENM of meningiomas is very rare, brain tumor cells appear to be more adaptable to tissue microenvironments outside of the central nervous system than was commonly thought.
Neoliberalismo, desigualdade e democracia: discussão fundamentada nos conselhos econômicos e sociais
Authors: Carneiro André Pereira , Gambi Thiago Fontelas Rosado
Published: May 2018

Este artigo procura alinhavar o contexto econômico e político da segunda metade do século XX à discussão sobre democracia e participação social, a fim de analisar criticamente arranjos institucionais, como os conselhos econômicos e sociais, que é uma alternativa para a ampliação do diálogo social. As políticas neoliberais implementadas no final do séc. XX e início do séc. XXI têm levado a democracia representativa à crise de legitimidade, que é um problema, porque tende a distanciar a sociedade de seus governantes e, ao mesmo tempo, viabilizar a implementação de políticas favoráveis à elite influente. Uma das alternativas frequentemente apontadas para resolver ou amenizar essa questão é a maior participação social e, dentro disso, a criação de um diálogo social institucionalizado. Com base na experiência dos conselhos econômicos e sociais, este artigo questiona essa saída para superar a crise da democracia representativa. Argumenta-se que sua raiz está no neoliberalismo porque, ao reduzir a regulação estatal e aprofundar a desigualdade social, libera o poder econômico para capturar de diversas maneiras os representantes políticos. Isso pode contaminar os espaços democráticos representativos e os diálogos alternativos, além de ampliar a possibilidade de torná-los instâncias meramente legitimadoras de seus interesses, como parece ser o caso dos conselhos econômicos e sociais.
Instrumentos de ação pública no Vale do Ribeira: casos do CONSAD e do CODIVAR
Authors: Archipavas Julianne Alves Naporano
Published: May 2018

O Consórcio de Desenvolvimento Intermunicipal do Vale do Ribeira (Codivar) e o Consórcio de Segurança Alimentar e Desenvolvimento Local (Consad) são instrumentos criados com o objetivo de promover ações para o desenvolvimento local por meio de estratégias de cooperação entre os municípios do Vale do Ribeira paulista. Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender a dinâmica de apropriação e dominação deste espaço a partir destes instrumentos e observar os efeitos gerados por eles em sua relativa autonomia. Fundamentou-se na literatura sobre instrumentos de ação pública, com ênfase na interação e na retroalimentação de politics e policies ao longo do tempo. Observou-se que o movimento de apropriação e dominação pelos atores determinou a construção social de dois territórios concorrentes e sobrepostos, organizados por conexões e lógicas de atuação distintas, que passaram a ser guiadas por novos interesses e representações ao longo de sua trajetória. No caso do Consad, a dinâmica delineou os caminhos que levaram ao esvaziamento do fórum; no caso do Codivar, explica sua capacidade de permanência legitimada no espaço de ação pública do Vale do Ribeira paulista.
E fez-se a rede
Authors: Jayo Martin
Published: May 2018

A GVexecutivo conversou com Demi Getschko, o engenheiro eletricista que se tornou um dos personagens mais importantes da história da internet brasileira.
O executivo-universitário: sociedade de controle e formação
Authors: Fontenelle Isleide Arruda
Published: May 2018

Em tempos de informação instantânea surge um novo modelo de educação. Em que o questionável cede lugar ao prático. Voltada à transmissão rápida de conhecimentos e à inserção do aluno no mercado de trabalho. Nasce a "Universidade Operacional", que adestra pessoas, mas não estimula reflexão crítica.
Todo mundo deveria [entrevistado por Martin Jayo e Thais Aleixo]
Authors: Grajew Oded
Published: May 2018

Em entrevista para a revista GVexecutivo, Oded Grajew, fundador e principal articulador da Rede Nossa São Paulo, relembra a sua transição da vida empresarial para a de defesa de causas públicas e comenta as conquistas recentes da entidade que atualmente coordena
Princípio de uma nova era [entrevistado por Eduardo Diniz e Thaís Aleixo]
Authors: Hohagen Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Em entrevista a revista GVexecutivo, Alexandre Hohaden, vice-presidente do Facebook na América Latina, compartilha um pouco de sua carreira e conta como foi trilhar o caminho que fez com que ele chegasse ao lugar onde chegou.
Saúde e trabalho podem caminhar juntos?
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro Fernando
Published: May 2018

Muitas vezes, os problemas de saúde são associados à má qualidade de vida e ao estresse do trabalho. Transformar a realidade e fazer a diferença em uma atividade com a qual a pessoa se identifica pode ser a chave para a conquista da saúde.
Segurança da informação na era digital
Authors: Pinheiro Patricia Peck
Published: May 2018

A evolução tecnológica acarretou grandes mudanças no modo como as empresas conduzem seus negócios, levando-as a investir cada vez mais no ambiente digital. Assim, o cuidado com a blindagem da informação se tornou um ponto determinante para o sucesso ou o fracasso de um empreendimento.
Comércio eletrônico: da evolução para as novas oportunidades
Authors: Albertin Alberto Luiz
Published: May 2018

As compras pela internet revolucionaram as relações de comércio na economia brasileira. Conhecer as transformações e a evolução deste setor é imprescindível para entender o mercado atual e apontar futuras tendências sobre os negócios na era digital.
Liderança feminina no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Fleury Maria Tereza Leme
Published: May 2018

A árdua ascensão da mulher para cargos de liderança nas organizações destaca sua capacidade de flexibilidade e ampla visão sobre o sistema gerencial.
Articulações intrapartidárias e desempenho eleitoral no Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Rosana Córdova
Published: May 2018

Estudo realizado pelo Centro de Política e Economia do Setor público (CEPESP), da FGV, mostra que a vitória de um candidato a prefeito está diretamente relacionada a evolução dos membros de seu partido nas eleições para cargos legislativos estaduais e federais
2013: crescimento ou estagnação?
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: May 2018

O crescimento dependerá da expansão dos investimentos, os quais as condições externas não ajudam, e as internas, em certa medida, atrapalham.
Uma luz para as cidades
Authors: Gabrielli Marcio Fernandes , Turolla Frederico Araujo
Published: May 2018

A modernização da iluminação das cidades brasileiras, pela conversão em luminárias a LED, pode trazer inúmeros benefícios. Que modelos de negócios podem propiciar essa transformação?
Envelhecimento nas empresas
Authors: Cepellos Vanessa Martines , Pereira Filho João Lins
Published: May 2018

Os profissionais mais velhos são taxados como mais resistentes às novas tecnologias, menos produtivos e mais custosos.
Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry
Authors: SYMEONIDOU I. , BONOS E. , MOUSTAKIDIS K. , FLOROU-PANERI P. , CHRISTAKI E. , PAPAZAHARIADOU M.
Published: May 2018

Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.