bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Be Uncomfortable with Me for a Moment”: Performing an Uneasy Solidarity in the New Black Fest’s Hands Up: 7 Playwrights, 7 Testaments
Authors: Duffly Catherine Ming T’ien
Published: February 2018

Hands Up: 7 Playwrights, 7 Testaments is a performance inspired by the events of Ferguson, Missouri in 2014. Composed of seven monologues by Black playwrights, Hands Up explores the experiences of being Black in America in a context of racialized violence and institutionalized racism.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla resistance in a recombinant inbred line population of soybean
Authors: Li Chunjie , Wang Jialin , You Jia , Wang Xinpeng , Liu Baohui , Abe Jun , Kong Fanjiang , Wang Congli
Published: February 2018

A recombinant inbred line population of soybean (Glycine max) was utilised to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining the response to infection by two root-knot nematode species,Meloidogyne incognitaandM. hapla, in glasshouse assays. QTL analysis detected seven major and four minor QTLs on seven soybean chromosomes ((Chrs) 1, 7, 8, 10, 14, 18, 20) explaining 6-41% phenotypic variance (PVE) forM. incognitaroot response and nematode reproduction. Three of the major QTLs, on Chrs 7, 10 and 18, were confirmed in previous reports and two major QTLs on Chrs 14 and 20 were detected for the first time. The QTL analysis withM. haplaprovides the first report of a major QTL region mapped on Chr 7, explaining 70-82% PVE inM. haplaroot response and nematode reproduction. These novel identified QTLs with flanking markers will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for nematode resistance in soybean.
Tolerance to oxidative stress of inbred strains of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, differing in terms of virulence
Authors: Ekino Taisuke , Tanaka Suguru E. , Kanzaki Natsumi , Takeuchi-Kaneko Yuko
Published: February 2018

The virulence ofBursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wood nematode, varies greatly among different populations. Two inbred strains, called P3 and P9, were recently establishedviarepeated full-sib mating. They exhibited remarkable differences in pathogenicity-related traits. Although their propagation did not differ when cultured on fungal lawns, P9 reproduced better in host seedlings and exhibited higher virulence. In the present study, we obtained fundamental information about P3 and P9 in terms of tolerance to oxidative stress and examined this tolerance and the cuticular ultrastructure. P9 survived better under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stressed conditions than did P3. In addition, P9 had a thicker cuticle than P3. Although further studies are needed, these results suggest that the difference in tolerance in P3 and P9 was due not only to physiological features, such as H2O2-degrading ability, but also to physical factors (cuticle thickness).
Imperial Waqfs within the Ottoman Waqf System
Authors: Orbay Kayhan
Published: February 2018

This paper defines the category of imperial waqfs in the Ottoman waqf system. This category comprises the waqf complexes founded by the sultans, dynasty members and high-ranking state servants. A distinctive feature of imperial waqfs is the amount and variety of sources of income devoted to these institutions, so that consequently their huge budgets outweighed the budgets of thousands of ordinary waqfs. Their financial resources allowed them to provide diverse and costly charitable services and to emerge as economic and social institutions extending their influence over several towns and wide rural regions. Their economic, financial, and even charitable activities created a field of economic influence through the redistributive mechanisms of waqfs. This economic field and its influence are called the waqf economy in this paper. Some of the largest imperial waqfs were under the supervision of central offices and their institutional organization and administration was more sophisticated than the other waqfs. Organizational and administrative hierarchy and the delegation of authority over multiple levels of this hierarchy in the imperial waqfs, in the centrally-controlled waqfs in particular, gave rise to an agency problem. The imperial waqfs designated additional control and monitoring systems and an efficient incentive mechanism in order to solve the agency problem.
Concepts of Charity: The Habsburg Empire and the South Moravian Example, 1750–1800
Authors: Malý Tomáš
Published: February 2018

The article deals with the concept of charity (almsgiving, philanthropy) in the context of the changing religious and social situation in the Habsburg Empire between 1750 and 1800. The intellectual discussions, the administrative reforms and the testamentary practices of charity (charitable bequests) are followed in order to delineate the relationship between discourse and social practice. Although paradoxes can be observed, there was a clear common point for all three areas: the differentiation of the poor according to a new definition of “needs” and a tendency towards “practical” (and obligatory) charity. This shift from the post-Tridentine Catholic concept was accompanied – mainly in towns – by a significant transformation of the social space and structure.
Hyobanche hanekomii (Orobanchaceae), a New Species from the Western Cape of South Africa.
Authors: WOLFE ANDREA D.
Published: February 2018

The new species Hyobanche hanekomii is described and illustrated.  It is somewhat intermediate in appearance between H. sanguinea and H. atropurpurea, but can be distinguished from both in several morphological characters that are presented. The new species occurs in the Cape Fold Belt Mountains of the northwest part of the Western Cape.
Telipogon sonia-juaniorum (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) a new species from Southwestern Ecuador
Authors: ZAMBRANO ROMERO BOSCO JAVIER , BOGARÍN DIEGO , SOLANO RODOLFO
Published: February 2018

A new species, Telipogon sonia-juaniorum, from the semi-deciduous montane forests from Southwestern Ecuador is described and illustrated. Information about distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status for the new species is provided. The new proposed taxon is morphologically similar to T. standleyi from which it differs by its elliptic-ovate leaves, marginally crenulate, petals obliquely orbicular-ovate, elliptic lip, and column shortly pilose at the base. Telipogon sonia-juaniorum is further compared with T. alexii, T. amoanus, T. boylei, T. lankesteri, T. morganiae, and T. morii.
A study of the genus Cyrtosia Perris (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Platypyginae) in Yazd province, Iran, with description of a new species
Authors: HAKIMIAN SAEEDEH , NOZARI JAMASB , GHARALI BABAK , EVENHUIS NEAL
Published: February 2018

The genus Cyrtosia Perris (Mythicomyiidae: Platypyginae) was studied in Yazd province in the center of Iran. Three species were collected and identified. A new species, Cyrtosia trivitta sp. nov., is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. This species is clearly different from all described species of Cyrtosia in Iran by presence of three black longitudinal stripes on mesonotum, leaving prescutellar area yellow opposite to the other species that have a large seamless black mark.
Three new species of Harttia (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Northern Brazil
Authors: OYAKAWA OSVALDO T. , FICHBERG ILANA , PY-DANIEL LUCIA RAPP
Published: February 2018

Three new species of Harttia from the Rio Xingu basin in the region of Serra do Cachimbo, Pará State, Brazil, are described. Harttia rondoni n. sp., H. panara n. sp. and H. villasboas n. sp. were collected in the Rio Curuá, a tributary of Rio Iriri, Rio Xingu drainage. Harttia rondoni was additionally recorded from the Rio Fresco basin, a tributary of the middle Rio Xingu. The three new species represent the first records for the genus in this drainage. Harttia rondoni differs from H. panara and H. villasboas by having the abdomen partially covered by plates. Harttia panara differs from H. rondoni and H. villasboas by having a larger body depth and interorbital distance. Harttia villasboas differs from H. rondoni and H. panara by having the anterior profile of the head elliptical in dorsal view and a more elongated snout. Additionally, the 26 species of Harttia described are organized in three species group based on the pattern of abdominal covering.
Review of the steatiticus-species group of the cuskeel genus Neobythites (Ophidiidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with description of two new species
Authors: UIBLEIN FRANZ , NIELSEN JØRGEN G.
Published: February 2018

This review was motivated by the recent collection of a specimen of the specious cuskeel genus Neobythites (Ophidiidae) off Myanmar and difficulties to identify it based on the available literature. This specimen has an ocellus consisting of a dark oval spot and a concentric white ring placed on the dorsal fin at mid-body, typical for many Neobythites species. It belongs to a group of single-ocellus bearing species which have no or only one weakly developed, flat preopercular spine which we term here the “steatiticus-species group”. Before this study, the steatiticus group consisted of six Indo-Pacific species, N. longipes, N. malhaensis, N. malayanus, N. meteori, N. steatiticus, and N. stefanovi, and the Atlantic N. monocellatus. From 136 specimens representing the six Indo-Pacific steatiticus-group species counts or measurements of 12 meristic, 14 body shape, five ocellus and six otolith characters were obtained and compared, revealing two undescribed species. We describe N. gloriae n. sp. from the Arabian Gulf and inner Gulf of Oman based on nine specimens that had been previously misidentified as N. steatiticus and N. stefanovi. The latter species differ from the new species and from each other in the combination of five characters, head length, orbit length, gill-filament length, ocellus-spot distance, and ocellus-spot size. The second new species described is N. lombokensis n. sp. which consists of a single specimen from off SE Lombok, southern Indonesia. It differs from all other steatiticus-group species in having a larger ocellus spot and in several meristic and morphometric characters. The specimen from off Myanmar, eastern Bay of Bengal, was found to belong to N. steatiticus, providing new information on distribution and colour. Diagnoses, updated distribution information, and a key for the eight Indo-Pacific steatiticus-group species are here presented. We discuss our findings with special emphasis on the variation and possible function of colour patterns in Neobythites, being important for understanding the ecology and evolution of this specious genus.
Revision of the Chinese species of the genus Grouvellinus Champion, 1923 (Coleoptera: Elmidae). The G. acutus species group
Authors: BIAN DONGJU , JÄCH MANFRED A.
Published: February 2018

The Grouvellinus acutus species group is established. In China, it includes three species, Grouvellinus acutus sp. nov. (Fujian, Guangxi), G. denticulatus sp. nov. (Yunnan), and G. fujianensis sp. nov. (Fujian, Guangxi), which are described herein. A possible case of hybridization is reported. Habitus photographs and detailed line drawings of the genitalia are provided.
First record of Naushonia sp. (Decapoda: Laomediidae) larva from the Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: DE ALBUQUERQUE LIRA SIMONE MARIA , DE SANTANA CLAUDEILTON SEVERINO , SCHWAMBORN RALF
Published: February 2018

The first zoeal-stage larva of a possibly new species of mud shrimp Naushonia (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) was described from plankton samples taken off the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, being the first occurrence at the oceanic islands of the Equatorial Atlantic. Five zoea I larvae were obtained and dissected for observation of mouthparts. This zoea I of Naushonia sp. is well distinguished from the first larvae of N. portoricensis (Rathbun 1901) from the Caribbean and N. cangronoides (Kingsley 1897) from the Northwest Atlantic in terms of development and setation of appendages, and possibly belongs to a new, undescribed species. The present study widens the knowledge on tropical oceanic decapod larvae and provides detailed drawings and new photographic illustrations with extended depth of field of these organisms.
Déjà vu? Polarization and Endangered Democracies in the 21st Century
Authors: Somer Murat , McCoy Jennifer
Published: February 2018

As political and societal polarization deepens, democracies are under stress around the world. This article examines the complex relationship and causal direction between democracy and polarization and posits three theoretical possibilities: (1) polarization contributes to democratic backsliding and decay, (2) polarization results from democratic crisis, and (3) polarization contributes to democratic deepening. We argue “politics” is central to polarization and identify as a key feature of the process of polarization the manner in which it simplifies the normal complexity of politics and social relations. Polarization does so by aligning otherwise unrelated divisions, emasculating cross-cutting cleavages, and dividing society and politics into two separate, opposing, and unyielding blocks. As such, it often has pernicious consequences for democracy, emerging as an intended or unintended consequence of political interest–based and purposeful political mobilization. Polarization over the very concept of democracy may also be the product of democratic crisis. Finally, in certain circumstances, polarization may strengthen democratic institutions and citizen choice. The article then introduces the articles in this issue that address these three theoretical and empirical possibilities.
Sustaining quality learning abroad opportunities in Australian schools of social work
Authors: Zuchowski Ines , Miles Debra , Howard Elise , Harris Nonie , Francis Abraham
Published: February 2018

Student learning abroad experiences are encouraged to develop students’ intercultural understanding and global citizenship. This article reports internationally collaborative research exploring social work student short-term mobility programmes and international field education placements. Findings from interviews with staff from Australian schools of social work are presented. Themes developed from the data explore the establishment and ongoing resourcing and sustainability of international exchange programmes, including implications for risk and safety, relationships and partnerships, and reciprocity. The complex landscape of student international experiences is discussed, and it is proposed that the lack of adequate resourcing of learning abroad opportunities threatens their sustainability.
Upstream Enhancer Elements of Shh Regulate Oral and Dental Patterning
Authors: Seo H. , Amano T. , Seki R. , Sagai T. , Kim J. , Cho S.W. , Shiroishi T.
Published: February 2018

Sonic hedgehog ( Shh) is important in pattern formation during development. Shh transcription is modulated by a long-range regulatory mechanism containing a number of enhancers, which are spread over nearly 850 kb in the mouse genome. Shh enhancers in the nervous system have been found between intron and 430 kb upstream of Shh. Enhancers in the oral cavity, pharynx, lung, gut, and limbs have been discovered between 610 kb and 850 kb upstream of Shh. However, the intergenic region ranging from 430 to 610 kb upstream of Shh remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found a novel long-range enhancer located 558 kb upstream of Shh. The enhancer showed in vivo activity in oral cavity and whiskers. A targeted deletion from the novel enhancer to mammal reptile conserved sequence 1 (MRCS1), which is a known enhancer of Shh in oral cavity, resulted in supernumerary molar formation, confirming the essential role of this intergenic region for Shh transcription in teeth. Furthermore, we clarified the binding of Lef1/Tcfs to the new enhancer and MRCS1, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Shh signaling in the oral cavity via these enhancers.
Transillumination and HDR Imaging for Proximal Caries Detection
Authors: Lederer A. , Kunzelmann K.H. , Hickel R. , Litzenburger F.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro model for the validation of near-infrared transillumination (NIRT) for proximal caries detection, to enhance NIRT with high-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI), and to compare both methods, using micro-computed tomography (µCT) as a reference standard. Both proximal surfaces of 53 healthy or decayed permanent human teeth were examined using the Diagnocam (DC) (KaVo) and NIRT with HDRI (NIRT-HDRI). NIRT was combined with HDRI to improve the diagnostic performance by reducing under- and overexposed image areas. For NIRT-HDRI, an exposure series was captured and merged into a single HDR image. A classification was applied according to lesion depth. All surfaces were assessed twice by 2 trained examiners, and additionally with µCT for validation. The Kappa statistic was used to calculate inter-rater reliability and agreement between DC and NIRT-HDRI. Inter-rater reliability (weighted Kappa, wκ) showed very good agreement for the DC (0.90) and NIRT-HDRI (0.96). The overall agreement (wκ) was almost perfect (0.85). In the individual categories (0 to 4), the agreement (simple Kappa) ranged from almost perfect (category 4) to moderate (1 and 2) to substantial (categories 0 and 3). Sensitivity and specificity of sound surfaces, enamel, and dentin caries ranged from 0.57 to 0.99 and were similar for both methods in the different categories. NIRT-HDRI had a higher sensitivity for sound surfaces and enamel caries, as well as a higher specificity for dentin caries. Regarding the obtained images, HDRI allowed for the detection of caries within a greater range of luminance levels, resulting in a more detailed visualization of structures without under- or overexposure. However, HDRI this did not improve the diagnostics significantly. Distinguishing between a processed demineralized enamel and dentin lesions appears to be a problem specific to NIRT and cannot be balanced using HDRI.
Why we need a new approach to teaching digital literacy
Authors: Breakstone Joel , McGrew Sarah , Smith Mark , Ortega Teresa , Wineburg Sam
Published: February 2018

In recent years — and especially since the 2016 presidential election — numerous media organizations, newspapers, and policy advocates have made efforts to help Americans become more careful consumers of the information they see online. In K-12 and higher education, the main approach has been to provide students with checklists they can use to assess the credibility of individual websites. However, the checklist approach is outdated. It would be far better to teach young people to follow the lead of professional fact-checkers: When confronted by a new and unfamiliar website, they begin by looking elsewhere on the web, searching for any information that might shed light on who created the site in question and for what purpose.
Leadership
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: February 2018

There is much to admire about community schools, which provide students and their families with wrap-around services focusing on mental health, nutrition, college counseling, and other needs. However, says PDK’s Joshua Starr, the community schools movement needs to address a couple of problems that could undermine its work over the long term — one problem has to do with its use of resources and the other with its use of data.
The case for introducing pre-registered confirmatory pharmacological pre-clinical studies
Authors: Kiwanuka Olivia , Bellander Bo-Michael , Hånell Anders
Published: February 2018

When evaluating the design of pre-clinical studies in the field of traumatic brain injury, we found substantial differences compared to phase III clinical trials, which in part may explain the difficulties in translating promising experimental drugs into approved treatments. By using network analysis, we also found cases where a large proportion of the studies evaluating a pre-clinical treatment was performed by inter-related researchers, which is potentially problematic. Subjecting all pre-clinical trials to the rigor of a phase III clinical trial is, however, likely not practically achievable. Instead, we repeat the call for a distinction to be made between exploratory and confirmatory pre-clinical studies.
‘A matter for conjecture’: leucotomy in Western Australia, 1947–70
Authors: Martyr Philippa , Janca Aleksandar
Published: February 2018

Very little has been published on the rise and fall of psychosurgery in Australia. In the mid-twentieth century, Western Australia was the largest but most sparsely-populated of the six Australian States, and its local psychiatry practice was, as one commentator put it, ‘backward’. Nonetheless, electroconvulsive therapy was introduced in 1945, and leucotomy in 1947. This paper will explore the introduction of leucotomy to Western Australia in the context of wider national and international trends in psychiatry, and posit some reasons for its decline and abandonment in the 1970s. It will present a narrative reconstruction of the local introduction and practice of leucotomy, using retrieved, reconstructed and previously unpublished data.
Markov Switching International Capital Asset Pricing Model, an Emerging Market Case: Mexico
Authors: Valencia-Herrera Humberto , López-Herrera Francisco
Published: February 2018

The article shows how the international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) with Markov regime switching can model the asset returns in the emerging market of Mexico. For most assets, although significant, the international risk premium factor is not subject to regime switching, but the domestic factor is. The probabilities of regimes are correlated with the volatility of assets. A GARCH(1,1) Markov regime switching model offers better adjustment than a non-GARCH.

JEL Classification: C58, F36, F65, G12, G15
Speed of Price Adjustment towards Market Efficiency: Evidence from Emerging Countries
Authors: Kayal Parthajit , Maheswaran S.
Published: February 2018

The speed with which stock markets adjust to information and news flow into asset prices is of importance to investors, regulators and policymakers. In this article, we provide a simple and uniform empirical framework involving the use of a volatility measure to compare the speeds of adjustment in index prices in response to all available market information. The stock indices of 23 major emerging economies are compared with 10 mature stock indices from developed countries with reference to the speed of their price adjustments. We find that the index prices of developed countries adjust faster when compared to those of emerging countries. Our findings are independent of any GARCH specification and are also robust to potential mistakes in the model specification because we make use of a fully empirical bootstrap procedure to compute the standard errors. We also rank the countries in terms of the speed of index price adjustment. The results show that the random walk effect is generic and exists in all price indices.
Micro-entrepreneurship Development in the Handloom Industry
Authors: Hazarika Bhabesh , Goswami Kishor
Published: February 2018

Women entrepreneurship is gaining importance all over the world for addressing the development issues of women. Since the inception of the five-year plans, the Government of India has been giving attention towards mitigating the development issues of women such as labour force participation, empowerment, education and gender inequality. Women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are contributing significantly towards the economic development of the nation through employment and income generation, poverty eradication, and by bringing entrepreneurial diversity in the economic activities. The handloom industry offers an appropriate setting to analyse the significance of the rural women-owned micro-enterprises towards local economic development. With archaic hand-operated looms, the production mechanism takes place mostly in the rural areas. The present article analyses the factors that affect tribal women to own a handloom micro-enterprise. It is based on primary data collected at firm level from two major tribes in Assam, namely Bodo and Mising. The data were collected from five different districts in Assam where tribal communities are operating handloom businesses. Within the framework of random utility model of economic choice, the findings of the probit model show that age, knowing other handloom micro-entrepreneurs, past history of family business, access to borrowing and risk-taking behaviour have significant and positive influences on the decision of a woman in becoming a handloom micro-entrepreneur. The study suggests for an all-inclusive policy approach for the overall development of handloom industry in the tribal areas.
Football and the ‘mysterious nature of global capital’: A case study of Birmingham City FC and Birmingham International Holdings
Authors: May Anthony
Published: February 2018

This article utilises English professional football club Birmingham City FC as a case study to examine the place of football within the globalised economy. In October 2009, the Hong Kong based businessman Carson Yeung led a takeover of Birmingham City (BCFC). The Birmingham International Holdings (BIH) group that he led aimed to develop the club’s business profile and support in China by importing Chinese players to BCFC and signing deals with Chinese companies. Yeung was arrested and charged with money laundering in 2011, and was unable to directly fund the club he bought. BCFC were negatively affected by many of the decisions made during Yeung’s reign. The case study analyses the consequences of poor planning for a football club in the globalised economy. It utilises the ideas of Appadurai on globalisation, and examines how the business of football exemplifies what Appadurai terms the mysterious and complex nature of global capital.
Outcomes for Treatment of Hypersexual Behavior Provided by Specialized Social Welfare Units
Authors: Kjellgren Cecilia
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

This study explores outcomes of treatment provided by specialized units within the social welfare sector in Sweden to clients seeking help with hypersexual behavior.

Method:

The participants were 27 males and 1 female ( M = 40.3 years) who sought help from one of the three specialized units within social welfare in Sweden. A pretest–posttest group design was used to assess changes after treatment. Quantitative data were collected through interviews and self-report forms.

Results:

At posttreatment stage (on average a 10-month follow-up), mental health was significantly improved and hypersexual behavior reportedly reduced. The treatment at the specialized units appeared to help the clients.

Conclusions:

The specialized units seemed to deliver favorable service without shaming and stigmatizing participants. As this study can be considered a pilot study, it needs to be replicated.
England Policy in Gifted Education: Current Problems and Promising Directions
Authors: Koshy Valsa , Smith Carole Portman , Casey Ronald
Published: February 2018

This article presents and analyzes policies in identification and provisions in England with respect to gifted education. England has developed a national policy to provide services to identified students. Surveys and interviews with teachers illustrate how implementation of both identification and provision policy elements were handled. Although policy evaluation was conducted by an external ministry agency, it appears to have had little impact on practice. The article suggests that policy implementation, if left to local schools in the absence of monitoring controls, results in lack of services to gifted children in local school environments.
Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use
Authors: Colombo Silvia , Sartori Roberta
Published: February 2018

Practical relevance:

Ciclosporin (CsA) is a systemic immuno-modulatory drug widely used to treat immune-mediated diseases in humans and veterinary species. CsA was registered for use in cats in the USA and Europe in 2011, and is indicated for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis at a recommended daily dose of 7 mg/kg PO.

Audience:

This review will be of interest to all veterinarians working with cats, given the wide range of potential applications of CsA and its safety profile. Although the drug is currently only licensed to treat chronic allergic dermatitis in cats, a small number of reports describe its use in non-dermatological conditions.

Evidence base:

This article reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse effects and clinical use of CsA, both for the licensed indication and for off-label use in the feline patient. Information presented has been summarised from the existing literature on CsA, with specific interest in studies carried out in cats. For its licensed indication, chronic allergic dermatitis, evidence provided includes randomised, placebo or prednisolone-controlled studies (EBM grade I) and prospective or retrospective open trials.
Different Sickness Responses in Adult and Aged Rats Following Lipopolysaccharide Administration
Authors: Kupferschmid Barbara J. , Therrien Barbara , Rowsey Pamela J.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Immune challenges result in sickness responses such as decreased activity, fever, and spatial learning deficits. While these responses occur simultaneously, they are not usually evaluated concurrently or for an extended time. The purpose of this study was to examine how an immune challenge affected activity and temperature responses in animals tested concurrently in the Morris water maze (MWM) over 5 days and how aging interacts with such responses.

Method:

An accepted model of aging, adult ( n = 10; 5–6 months) and aged ( n = 7; 22 months) male Brown-Norway rats were implanted with a telemetry device (Mini Mitter, Oakmont, PA) to continuously monitor temperature and activity following an immune challenge. These animals were injected with either 250 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 0.9% sodium chloride and then assessed in the MWM for 5 days.

Results:

Temperature responses varied by age. Initial temperatures decreased in both experimental groups followed by an increase (fever) in the adult group, while the temperatures of the aged animals remained decreased. Although both age groups were sedentary at baseline, activity decreased after LPS only in the adult group.

Conclusion:

An LPS immune challenge resulted in age-dependent temperature and activity changes. There was an absence of fever and no effect on activity in aged LPS-treated animals. These results may suggest the need to assess a broader spectrum of sickness responses when monitoring elderly individuals for infection and not rely on the presence of fever. Activity may not be a sensitive indicator of sickness in some aging models.
Comparative study of visual outcome between open- and closed-globe injuries following surgical treatment of traumatic cataract in children
Authors: Shah Mehul A , Shah Shreya M , Gosai Siddharth R , Gupta Satyam S , Khanna Raubaq R , Patel Kashyap B , Rathod Chetan D
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To compare final visual outcomes of surgically treated traumatic cataract between open-globe and closed-globe injuries in children, as classified by the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system.

Methods:

This is an observational cohort study with permission from Hospital Ethical Committee. We enrolled children meeting specific inclusion criteria, examined their eyes to review any co-morbidities due to trauma, performed surgery for traumatic cataracts, and implanted lenses. The patients were re-examined postoperatively. We classified the cases of traumatic cataract as either open-globe (Group 1) or closed-globe (Group 2) according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system and compared visual acuity.

Result:

Our study cohort of 1076 eyes with traumatic cataracts included 405 eyes in Group 1 and 671 in Group 2. Postoperatively, the visual acuity was >20/60 in 223 (55.3%) and 377 (56.3%) operated eyes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively ( p < 0.001, analysis of variance). With further follow-up, >20/60 vision was significantly higher in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval = 0.85–3.02). Overall, 600 eyes (55.7%) regained final visual acuity >20/60.

Conclusion:

Closed-globe injury has more favourable prognosis for the satisfactory (>20/60) visual recovery after effective management of traumatic cataracts in children.
Chonis and pijas: Slut-shaming and double standards in online performances among Spanish teens
Authors: Willem Cilia , Araüna Núria , Tortajada Iolanda
Published: February 2018

In a context of demonization of the working class in Western societies, the choni has become an epitome of the female incarnation of the failed underclass in Spain. During our focus group discussions with 16- to 20-year-olds, girls evoked clear-cut images of the tasteless and sexualized choni as a stigma to avoid, in contrast with the more classy pija. This article deals with gender and class regarding sexual scrutiny on social media in Spain. Youngsters’ readings of the choni/ pija eluded a socio-economic explanation, pointing to the ‘moral standards’ that chonis supposedly fail to attain. We argue that online spaces make it more difficult for chonis to avoid this omnipresent ‘double’ double standard.
Identification of the Differential Expression Profiles of Serum and Tissue Proteins During Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Sheng Xia , Huang Tao , Qin Jianmin , Yang Lin , Sa Zhong-qiu , Li Qi
Published: February 2018

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is complex and not fully known yet. This study aims to screen and identify the differentially expressed proteins in peripheral blood and liver tissue samples from rat hepatocellular carcinoma and to further clarify the pathogenesis and discover the specific tumor markers and molecular targets of hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatocellular carcinoma model of Wistar rats were induced by chemical carcinogen. The serum and liver tissue samples were obtained after induction for 2, 4, 8, 14, 18, and 21 weeks. The results showed that the clusterin (IPI00198667), heat shock protein a8 (IPI00208205), and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-2 (IPI00382069) being closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis were eventually identified from the 30 different proteins. As the time progressed, the serum levels of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 increased gradually during induced liver cancer in rats. However, the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level in induced liver cancer in rats underwent biphasic changes, and the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased at the 8th week, increased at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly. Statistical difference occurred in protein expression of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 in liver tissues at the different time points. In the liver tissues, the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased gradually at the 8th week, increased gradually at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly after 14 weeks. The study demonstrated that heat shock protein a8, clusterin, and N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 participated in the process of abnormal cell division, proliferation, and carcinogenesis of liver cells during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Breaking the generic mould? Grayson Perry, Channel 4 and the production of British arts television
Authors: Noonan Caitriona , Genders Amy
Published: February 2018

This article examines Channel 4’s critically acclaimed series, Grayson Perry: Who Are You? (2014). Using interviews with those involved in making the series and textual analysis, we argue that the elements that contributed to the success of the series are inherently difficult to replicate due to the political economy of contemporary television production, thereby threatening the sustainability of the genre. However, while arts television rarely constitutes a commercial success in a traditional ratings sense, we outline the strategic value of the genre in contributing to Channel 4’s identity as Britain’s alternative public service broadcaster.
Writing refugees into television history
Authors: Liarou Eleni
Published: February 2018

This article examines the work of playwright Leo Lehman for British television in the 1950s and 1960s. Originally from Poland, Lehman came to England as a refugee during the Second World War. The study of Lehman’s work, and particularly his stories about refugees and asylum, opens a window to a still largely unmapped history of remarkable cultural diversity on British screens and beyond. This case study also sheds light on the ways in which the history of British television cuts across national borders and intersects with European history.
The benefits of narratology in the analysis of multimodal legitimation: The case of New Democracy
Authors: Chaidas Dimitrios
Published: February 2018

Previous studies on legitimation, multimodality and political discourse by researchers, such as Van Leeuwen, Van Dijk and Mackay, have suggested different but supplementary methods of legitimation analysis by providing a number of analytical frameworks. Multimodal legitimation research, however, seems to be in need of a better conflation of the theoretical backgrounds of disciplines, such as narratology. This article focuses on the multimodal discourse of three political advertisements of the political party New Democracy, filmed for the needs of the Greek legislative election of January 2015. What is investigated is the multimodal means by which New Democracy’s president, and Prime Minister at the time, Antonis Samaras attempted to legitimise his candidacy. In this article, I use the six-layer framework proposed by Mackay for multimodal legitimation analyses and I argue that multimodal legitimation research can benefit and get enhanced from the use of narratology and its analytical categories, such as perspective.
Endoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatment in patients with very low FEV1: an observational study
Authors: Simon Marcel , Harbaum Lars , Oqueka Tim , Kluge Stefan , Klose Hans
Published: February 2018

Background:

Endoscopic lung volume reduction coil (LVRC) treatment is a therapeutic option for selected patients with advanced emphysema. The effects and the safety of endoscopic lung volume reduction in patients with very low forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) remain to be determined. This study was conducted to assess the effects and the safety of LVRC treatment in patients with very low FEV1.

Methods:

The study was performed as a retrospective observational study in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf on patients with very low FEV1, defined as an FEV1 ⩽ 20% of predicted at baseline in whom LVRC treatment was performed between 1 April 2012 and 28 February 2017.

Results:

LVRC treatment was performed in 33 patients with very low FEV1. Of these, 45.5% were female and 54.5% were male. At baseline, mean FEV1 was 0.46 ± 0.12 liters (15 ± 3% of predicted), mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 1.61 ± 0.62 liters (42 ± 13% of predicted), mean residual volume (RV) was 6.03 ± 0.81 liters (275 ± 51% of predicted) and 6-minute walk distance was 229 ± 102 m. Bilateral LVRC treatment was completed in 21 of these patients (63.6%). Bilateral LVRC treatment led to significant improvements in functional parameters with an increase in mean FEV1 from 0.44 ± 0.11 liters to 0.54 ± 0.12 liters ( p = 0.001), equivalent to a relative improvement of 24.5 ± 26.9%, an increase in mean FVC from 1.49 ± 0.54 liters to 1.84 ± 0.49 liters ( p = 0.001), a decrease in mean RV from 6.27 ± 0.83 liters to 5.83 ± 1.09 liters ( p = 0.004) and an improvement in 6-minute walk distance from 218 ± 91 m to 266 ± 96 m ( p = 0.01). There were no cases of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and no deaths.

Conclusions:

LVRC treatment was effective and safe in patients with very low FEV1.
Aquablation: a novel and minimally invasive surgery for benign prostate enlargement
Authors: Taktak Samih , Jones Patrick , Haq Ahsanul , Rai Bhavan Prasad , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: February 2018

Aquablation is a minimally invasive surgical technology for benign prostate enlargement, which uses high-pressure saline to remove parenchymal tissue through a heat-free mechanism of hydrodissection. Early results show this to be a promising surgical strategy with a strong morbidity profile and reduced resection time. This review serves to provide an overview of the technique and evaluate its safety and efficacy.
Topical Anesthesia in 27-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Jeroudi Abdallah M. , Shieh Wen-Shi , Chen Yicheng , Connors Daniel B. , Blinder Kevin J. , Shah Gaurav K.
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

To explore the safety, comfort, and feasibility of topical anesthesia in 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy surgery.

Methods:

A prospective, observational case series of 37 nonconsecutive patients undergoing 3-port, 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy under topical anesthesia with lid block from July 2016 to March 2017 with a single surgeon was performed. Topical anesthesia was achieved with proparacaine 0.5% drops and 2% lidocaine gel. Surgery was performed for select indications with carefully selected patients amenable to topical anesthesia. Patients were queried and observed to identify the most painful steps of the case and to rate their intraoperative and postoperative pain scores on a 1- to 10-point pain scale.

Results:

The mean intraoperative pain score was 2.1 with the most painful steps rated as scleral depression (37.8%), trocar/cannula insertion (24.3%), and conjunctival coaptation (24.3%). When correlating the overall intraoperative pain score with the self-identified most painful step, the mean pain scores were highest for endolaser (2.6), scleral depression (2.1), conjunctival coaptation (2.1), and trocar/cannula insertion (1.6). Supplemental intravenous anesthesia was requested once by the surgeon in 54% of the cases. No rescue with local infiltrative anesthesia was required. The mean pain scores were 0.7 and 0 at postoperative day 1 and week 1. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered.

Conclusions:

Topical anesthesia for 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy is a safe and feasible anesthesia option for carefully selected patients for certain surgical indications.
Effective Treatment of Choroidal Metastasis With ALK Inhibitor Chemotherapy That Crosses the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Possin Michael , Altaweel Michael
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

We report a case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with choroidal metastasis, which responded to oral ensartinib.

Methods:

Retrospective case report on a 44-year-old male with a past medical history significant for metastatic NSCLC with a positive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation that was treated for 4 years with oral crizotinib systemically, and bevacizumab intravitreal injections for management of subretinal fluid associated with a left macular choroidal metastasis. The vision was maintained at 20/25 to 20/40, but there was steady growth in the breadth and thickness of the choroidal lesion.

Results:

Two months after starting daily oral ensartinib, his vision improved from 20/40 to 20/20. His lesion decreased significantly in size, with resolution of his subretinal fluid, and has not required any additional bevacizumab intravitreal injections in the 8 months since starting ensartinib.

Conclusion:

Ensartinib may be beneficial in the treatment of choroidal metastases in patients with NSCLC with ALK mutations.
Depth and durability of response to ibrutinib in CLL: 5-year follow-up of a phase 2 study
Authors: Ahn Inhye E. , Farooqui Mohammed Z. H. , Tian Xin , Valdez Janet , Sun Clare , Soto Susan , Lotter Jennifer , Housel Stephanie , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M. , Maric Irina , Calvo Katherine R. , Nierman Pia , Hughes Thomas E. , Saba Nakhle S. , Marti Gerald E. , Pittaluga Stefania , Herman Sarah E. M. , Niemann Carsten U. , Pedersen Lone B. , Geisler Christian H. , Childs Richard , Aue Georg , Wiestner Adrian
Published: February 2018

Key Points

With 5-year median follow-up, continuous single-agent ibrutinib therapy was well tolerated with deepening of response. Previously untreated patients, even those with TP53 aberration, achieved durable responses.
Cyber-physical-system-based smart water system to prevent flood hazards
Authors: Yang Tsun-Hua , Yang Sheng-Chi , Kao Hong-Ming , Wu Ming-Chang , Hsu Hao-Ming
Published: February 2018

Background

Extreme weather and climate events such as super typhoons and unprecedented recorded high intensity rainfall events have increased in recent years due to climate change. Such extreme weather events generate floods and cause loss of life and property. Therefore, efficient strategies and measures for flood mitigation and prevention are essential. Computer-aided techniques can increase the speed of emergency response and reduce the impacts of a flood.

Methods

This study applied the cyber-physical system concept to develop a smart flood information system, called Dayu Smart Water System. The system includes an on-site monitoring network and software for rapid flood modeling to provide updated information. With the utilization of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the system not only provides forecast information but also plays an active role by enabling users to take emergency response measures before, during, and after a flood. The system is aimed at accelerating emergency responses during a flood without requiring any human intervention.

Results

The system was deployed in a high-tech industrial park in central Taiwan. Experimental results revealed that the system could increase the response efficiency of the emergency operations center during a few extreme events in 2017. To enable the system to respond to a wide range of flood induced threats in a more effective manner, a few advanced functions are under development and discussed in this paper.

Conclusions

This study utilized Dayu Smart Water System that integrates on-site monitoring sensors and advanced modeling tools to provide optimal flood forecasts. However, the proposed system has implemented only the first three levels—connection, conversion, and cyber levels. The higher the number of levels is, the more added value is the system provides. The fourth and fifth levels, namely the cognition and configuration levels, were not discussed in the study. Further developments in these two levels will be conducted.