bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas IX SMP Ditinjau Dari Gender
Authors: Rizki Nopia , Prayitno Sudi , Hikmah Nurul , Turmuzi Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the differences of students' problem-solving abilities in completing mathematics problem in the form of story-based problems in terms of gender difference. The type of research used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive research using research instruments, namely tests of problem-solving abilities and interview. Selection of subjects using a random cluster random technique, based on teacher considerations. The subjects in this study were 26 students of class IX of SMPN 8 Mataram in the academic year of 2020/2021. The data collection method started from making observations at school, then distributing the problem-solving ability test which contains 2 problems in the form of elaborative questions. AT the last stage, the researcher conducted interviews with 6 people who were obtained from each representative of the criteria for the test results of the problem-solving abilities that had been given. The data analysis technique in this study was conducted by looking at the test scores of mathematics problem-solving abilities seen from the criteria of high, moderate, and low. The results obtained were: (1) the ability of female students in grade IX at SMPN 8 Mataram to solve mathematics problems related to the statistical topic in form of story-based problems was in moderate criteria with the average score obtained was 73.44, (2) the ability of male students in grade IX at SMPN 8 Mataram to solve mathematics problems related to the statistical topic in form of story-based problems was in moderate criteria with the average score obtained was 77,64, and (3) the difference in problem-solving abilities of male and female students lies on the steps used in solving mathematics problems based on Polya problem solving stages.
Pembentukan Grup Matriks Singular 2×2
Authors: Nurjayanto Ery , Amrullah Amrullah , Arjudin Arjudin , Prayitno Sudi
Published: September 2021

The study aims to determine the set of the singular matrix 2×2 that forms the group and describes its properties. The type of research was used exploratory research. Using diagonalization of the singular matrix  S, whereas a generator matrix, pseudo-identity, and pseudo-inverse methods, we obtained a group singular matrix 2×2  with standard multiplication operations on the matrix, with conditions namely:    (1) closed, (2) associative, (3) there was an element of identity, (4) inverse, there was (A)-1 so A x (A)-1 = (A)-1 x A = Is. The group was the abelian group (commutative group). In addition, in the group, Gs satisfied that if Ɐ A, X, Y element Gs was such that A x X = A x Y then X = Y and X x A = Y x A then X = Y. This show that the group can be applied the cancellation properties like the case in nonsingular matrix group. This research provides further research opportunities on the formation of singular matrix groups 3×3 or higher order.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Pada Soal Open Ended Materi Lingkaran Berdasarkan Kemampuan Awal Matematika Siswa
Authors: Agustina Tri Rahayu , Subarinah Sri , Hikmah Nurul , Amrullah Amrullah
Published: September 2021

The research was aims to describe the problem solving in mathematics ability on open ended with circle material based on the early mathematical ability of the students at 9th grade junior high school 8 mataram. The type of the research is a descriptive study with quantitative approach. The research subject are 28 students which selected with purposive sampling. The subject is grouped according to early abilities of high, moderate, and low mathematics using the midterms. The data-collection method used is an open-ended problem-solving test on a loop of 2 terms of description and interview methods. The results were analyzed based on an indicator of problem solving capability according to Polya. Based on the data analysis, student problem solving capabilities with advanced mathematical abilities fall into good category, averaged 79.69. The student problem-solving capability with the early math skills is in good category, with an average score of 77.50. Student problem solving with early abilities of low math falls in the less category, with an average value of 48.30. The students with advanced math skills and are filling indicators of understanding the problem, planning a settlement and carrying out a completion plan, but have not yet met the checking indicator.
Postura e Articulações: Fisioterapia e Epistemologia
Authors: Filipe dos Santos Coelho Luís
Published: September 2021

O trato das articulações, em especial da condição degenerativa, faz apelo a modelos de “causa-efeito” que dualizam a Fisioterapia e a caracterizam epistemologicamente. Identificá-los é antecipar a unidade, tanto da arte como da ciência.[...]
O ressurgimento do tradicionalismo na teologia latino-americana
Authors: Comblin José
Published: September 2021

No decorrer do século XIX a teologia católica foi submergida pelo pensamento tradicionalista. Apenas no final do século, sobretudo sob o impulso de Leão XIII, a teologia conseguiu libertar-se do tradicionalismo redescobrindo a teologia medieval, especialmente o tomismo. Pouco a pouco o neotomismo foi substituindo o tradicionalismo. O neotomismo forneceu a base teológica dos teólogos que puseram os alicerces do Concílio Vaticano II: Rahner, Metz, Chenu, Congar, de Lubac. O tradicionalismo parecia superado definitivamente.
A implosão do socialismo autoritário e a Teologia da Libertação
Authors: Boff Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Nos inícios de fevereiro fomos convidados Frei Betto e eu para participarmos de distintos debates na Alemanha Oriental acerca da nova situação criada com a derrocada do regime socialista. Primeiramente foram três dias de conferências seguidas de vivas discussões na Humboldt-Universität Berlin. O tema geral era: simpósio ecumênico sobre questões da paz. Tudo foi enfocado, seja por nós, seja pelos oradores alemães, na perspectiva da crise do socialismo e do Terceiro Mundo. Aliás lá se criou uma expressão feliz que somente pode ser dita em alemão: Zweidrittelwelt (o mundo dos dois terços que são pobres). Em seguida foram sucessivos encontros com grupos de igreja, católicos e luteranos, mas com a presença também de jovens e estudantes; depois vieram encontros com marxistas e cientistas sociais. Por fim foram as entrevistas para a imprensa e para a televisão. Ao invés de um relatório mais ou menos minucioso dos encontros, prefiro ressaltar alguns pontos mais significativos...
Participação dos leigos nas decisões da Igreja à luz do Vaticano I e II
Authors: Pereira Antônio da Silva
Published: September 2021

Após o estudo da “Participação dos fiéis nas decisões da Igreja à luz do Novo Testamento” viria naturalmente a análise desse tema ao longo da História. E era meu desejo elaborar um capítulo sobre a participação dos leigos nas decisões da Igreja ao longo dos séculos. Face, porém, à exiguidade das fontes sobre tal assunto aqui no Brasil, resolvi, a contragosto, suprimir esse capítulo da pesquisa em curso...
Investigación, gestión y procesos formativos en educación
Authors: López Zamora Julieta , Islas Cervantes Dennise , Santillán Anguiano Ernesto Israel
Published: September 2021

El libro Investigación, gestión y procesos formativos en educación es resultado de la suma de esfuerzos de estudiantes y miembros del núcleo académico de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC). A través de seis capítulos, presenta las experiencias de aplicación teórico metodológicas para el diseño de proyectos de intervención educativa en el ámbito de la gestión y los procesos formativos, donde convergen distintas miradas disciplinares que permiten ver la complejidad de la realidad en los contextos educativos, así como la necesidad constante de analizar, reflexionar y transformar la propia práctica profesional.
Psychlogical Well- Being pada Janda Dewasa Awal Karena Perceraian
Authors: Cahyani Ardia Indah , Dwiyanti Retno
Published: September 2021

The psychological well-being of widows can be seen from how they can have good self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, good independence, life goals, and also environmental mastery and good self-development. The study aimed to determine the psychological well-being of widowed early adult women because of divorce. The subjects in this study were 3 informants who are all widows and are in the young adult development phase in which the age range of the subjects was 22 years to 40 years and supported by three secondary subjects. The subjects were widowed because of the death of the spouse and divorce due to conflicts in the household. This research was qualitative with a case study. The data in this study were collected using interviews and observation. The result of this research illustrated that a widowed woman in the early adult phase because of the divorce did not have full psychological well-being yet. A good psychological well-being happened when aspects of psychological well-being could be achieved by the subject. However, the subject in this study did not fully feel good in self-acceptance when being left by her partner. Furthermore, independence was also closely related to its status, particularly when the widow did not have a permanent job. In addition, there were differences and similarities between the three subjects found in this study, the lack of psychological well-being of the three subjects was mostly due to their past experience, the relationship of the subjects with the people around them and the independence of the subject in dealing with life problems. The environmental mastery of the three subjects was also considered as low.
PELAKU PEDOFILIA (Tinjauan Dari Faktor Penyebab dan Aspek Dinamika Psikologis)
Authors: Rahardjo Pambudi , Puri Kaniya
Published: September 2021

This study aims to find out the psychological dynamics in pedophiles. The focus of research is the factors causing pedophile behavior in perpetrators. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results showed that the perpetrator was a person known by the victim, namely the neighbor and the teacher. In general, the three participants have similarities in the factors causing pedophile behavior. The main common factors of the three participants in this study are the lack of affection from the family, especially the father figure, low self-esteem, failure to have a relationship with a partner, feeling disappointed or frustrated, consumption of pornographic content, and the inability to control sexual desire. Meanwhile, the different factors of the three participants were poor environment, having a less harmonious family background, relatively low level of economy, and education. Having-teen sexual experiences or have been victims of sexual harassment, having been physically abused or the victims of bullying and having sexual disorders can also be the factors. In addition, all three participants had a lack of sex education or understanding related to participants' cognitive aspects. There are also some factors related to affective aspects, namely feelings of guilt or even feeling of satisfaction after these three participants engage in inpedophile behavior. The conative aspect includes other factors such as the consumption of pornographic content, and the way participants give the lure to the victims and their threats, as well as how to perform pedophile behavior by inserting genitals into the victim's anus and then touching, pressing down the victim's genitals.
THE EFFECT OF GRIT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION THROUGH ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS OF MTS N 1 BANYUMAS
Authors: Maghfiroh Nikmatul , Akbar Zaldhi Yusuf
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to determine the effect of grit and learning motivation on academic procrastination on students of Mts N 1 Banyumas who were doing online learning. The respondents for this study were eighth-grade students from Mts N 1 Banyumas, consisted of 84 students. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regression revealed that grit obtained an effect on academic procrastination, with t obs= -15.306 and the probability value of sig. (p) = 0.000 (p0.05), indicating that the hypothesis was accepted and the regression equation y = 141,415+(-607x) indicating that there was a significant effect. The result of the regression equation was y =121,697 +(- 0,597). The regression analysis of the effect of grit and learning motivation on academic procrastination obtained f obs= 131.445 and probability sig (p) = 0.000 (p0.05), indicating that grit and learning motivation had an effect on academic procrastination among Mts N 1 Banyumas students. The research obtained an R square of 0.764, indicating that grit and learning motivation successfully contributed 76.4% to academic procrastination, whereas 23.6% was a contribution from other factors not examined.
The Use of Indirect Corrective Feedback to Eliminate Grammatical Errors in Students' Writing
Authors: Hannum Yusna , Kardena Absharini
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to find out the effect of using indirect corrective feedback to eliminate grammatical errors in students' writing. This research was conducted at SMKN 1 Padang Panjang because most of students still encounter problems in mastering writing text especially grammatical aspect. Most of the students' writing was founded many of grammatical error. Then, the students still did not get the appropriate feedback of the teacher toward their errors. And, the teacher also did not give the spesific feedback or treatment to help the students in reducing the error. This research used pre-experiment research. The researcher used one-group pretest posttest design. To determine sample, the researcher used purposive sampling technique. The data got from the pre-test and post-test in experiment class. To analyze the data, the resercher used the normality test and homogeneity test by using SPSS Statistics20 and to test the hypothesis the researcher used t-test formula and consulted the result into t-table with level of significant a=0.05. From the result and accounting the post-test of experiment class,it was founded that using indirect corrective feedback in eliminate grammatical error had better result than without indirect coreective feedback. It can be seen by comparing the t-obtained (2) that higher than the t-table (1.706).
THE SPIRIT OF SPORT: EXPLORING SPORTSMANSHIP AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Giray Louie Galvez
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted to explore the perception of physical education students in a Philippine school about sportsmanship. It particularly dealt with respect (1) for the opponent, (2) for rules and officials, and (3) for social conventions. This research used a qualitative descriptive method of research, with survey-questionnaire as the main data gathering tool. It was adapted from a valid and reliable instrument known as multidimensional sportspersonship orientations scale. In regard to respect for social conventions, participants perceived themselves as people who rarely congratulate the opponent, and infrequently shake hands with the opponent’s coach when they lose. Respect for the rules and the officials got good scores. Respect and concern for the opponent got low scores. They professed that they rarely do necessary actions when an opponent is unjustly penalized, hurt, or forgets his or her equipment. To achieve victory does not solely undermine character. It can be a good avenue to harness physical improvement and love for the sports. However, when the virtue of sportsmanship is discounted and forgotten, the result can be disadvantageous or even disastrous. Conclusions and recommendations were presented.
FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON A THREE-YEAR-OLD CHILD
Authors: Friska Yuliana , Syafi'i Moh. Thoyib
Published: September 2021

Studying children’s language acquisition is quite fascinating to be conducted because as we know     that the astonishing advancement of their language obtaining from 0 to 3 years or more. The aim of the study is to obtain deep understanding about language acquisition on a three-year old child "Gadis Mardhiyah" and to observe language development of her. Besides, this study uses qualitative approach. In this case, researcher observes her daily conversation in her surrounding in order to get the natural result without any setting. This study was conducted at her house in Bintaro sector 9 Pd. Pucung Tangerang Selatan. Regarding this, the study was conducted for four weeks and preliminary study was done for a month before the researcher doing her observation. Data analysis was carried stage by stage in accordance prior to the focus of the problems. After the data obtained through observation and document inductively processed, then the next step is to define the meaning on the basis of phonological analysis, morphological analysis, syntactical analysis, and discourse analysis. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that Gadis was able to communicate properly and appropriately according to her age.
Social Stratification on This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Novel
Authors: Miranda Hesti
Published: September 2021

This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer is a historical novel about Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. This paper was aimed to find and describe the social stratification in the past that is written in the This Earth Mankind novel. This paper carried out with only one research question: How is social stratification of This Earth Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel?. This paper was qualitative research, specifically in document analysis. The main source of this paper was This Earth of Mankind, the 9th edition publishes by Hasta Mitra in 2002. The total page of this novel was 405. In addition, secondary sources are also needed such as online information about the writer and previous researcher who has been conducted similar research. This paper found that there were three social classes of society in the Dutch era, the Dutch group with privilege, enjoyed the lavish life, and live comfortably. The Native group with privilege, who was born from regent or governor, they can attend education where Dutch and Indo attended to such as E.L.S and H.B.S and the last, native group without privilege, they had low status in the society.
Hamsters as a Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
Authors: Braxton Alicia M , Creisher Patrick S , Ruiz-Bedoya Camilo A , Mulka Katie R , Dhakal Santosh , Ordonez Alvaro A , Beck Sarah E , Jain Sanjay K , Villano Jason S
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapidly spread across the world in late 2019, leading to a pandemic. While SARS-CoV-2 infections predominately affect the respiratory system, severe infections can lead to renal and cardiac injury and even death. Due to its highly transmissible nature and severe health implications, animal models of SARS-CoV-2 are critical to developing novel therapeutics and preventatives. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)are an ideal animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infections because they recapitulate many aspects of human infections. After inoculation with SARS-CoV-2, hamsters become moribund, lose weight, and show varying degrees of respiratory disease, lethargy, and ruffled fur. Histopathologically, their pulmonary lesions are consistent with human infections including interstitial to broncho-interstitial pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage and edema, and granulocyte infiltration. Similar to humans, the duration of clinical signs and pulmonary pathology are short lived with rapid recovery by 14 d after infection. Immunocompromised hamsters develop more severe infections and mortality. Preclinical studies in hamsters have shown efficacy of therapeutics, including convalescent serum treatment, and preventatives, including vaccination, in limiting or preventing clinical disease. Although hamster studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection, additional studies are required to better characterize the effects of age, sex, and virus variants on clinical outcomes in hamsters. This review aims to describe key findings from studies of hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to highlight areas that need further investigation.
Lebensführung am Leitfaden der Natur
Authors: Sichler Ralph
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag thematisiert ein kulturgeschichtlich frühes Beispiel für die Konzeption bewusst gestalteter Lebensführung am Leitfaden der Natur. Es zeigt sich, dass die Stoa und in diesem Kontext insbesondere die Philosophie Senecas Natur in mehrerlei Hinsicht zur Orientierung im Handeln heranzieht. Dabei tritt vor allem die der Natur innewohnende Ratio als Grundlage einer auf Einsicht und Vernunft ruhenden Lebensführung hervor. Anschließend werden die Auswirkungen der stoischen Naturphilosophie auf das Menschenbild und die moderne Psychologie diskutiert.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКРАНУЮЧИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ЩОДО ДІЇ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ
Authors: Арабулі С. І. , Арабулі А. Т. , Труба В. С. , Левицька Д. Р.
Published: September 2021

Study the possibility of using textile materials for shielding against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental researchs are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. The UV shielding ability of textiles was assessed by the UV protection factor (UPF). The UV  protection  factor  was  evaluated  on  a  UV-Vis  spectrophotometer  (Cary  50,  Varian,  Australia)  in accordance with AS / NZ 4399: 1996 in the wavelength range 280-400 nm. According to AS / NZ 4399: 1996, textiles are classified according to the value of the UV protection factor (UPF) as those that provide "excellent UV protection", "very good UV protection", "good UV protection", "does not protect against UV radiation." Results. The main sources of UV radiation are analyzed and the features of the conditions of human exposure when working indoors and outside are considered. It has been established that the degree of human exposure depends on the intensity of UV radiation, and can be reduced by using protective equipment. Flexible textile screens can be one of the effective means of protection against UV radiation. The advantages of textile screens are the possibility of their modification and the ability to create shielding products of various shapes. The level of protective properties of textile screens depends on many factors, namely: the chemical nature of the polymer of textile materials, structural characteristics, modification by certain substances, color, moisture, etc. The results of the study of the coefficient of protection against ultraviolet radiation of textile materials, depending on their color are presented. Scientific novelty. It is proved that the optical properties are not only important for the evaluation of appearance of the textile and garment aesthetic perception, they can control the shielding properties of the textile  to  the  action  of  UV  radiation.  It  was  found  that  dark  saturated  colors  of  textile  fabrics,  all  other conditions being equal, provide shielding properties at the level of "very good protection" compared to light unsaturated colors (the UPF level varies from 10 to 35 with increasing color saturation). Practical value. The possibility of using textile materials for UV protection has been confirmed.
ЕРГОНОМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ТРИКОТАЖУ ТА ЇХ ЗВ'ЯЗОК З ГЕОМЕТРИЧНИМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ
Authors: Єліна Т. В. , Галавська Л. Є.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ergonomic properties of knitwear, that form sense of thermophysiological comfort of a person and their connection with the geometric characteristics of the knitted structure to study the prospects of comfort predicting using computer-aided design systems. Methodology. During the research methods of theoretical analysis, basics of the theory of knitting, theories of thin elastic shell, basic concepts of mechanics and the basics of hydrodynamics were used. Findings.  In  the  course  of  the  work  a  theoretical  analysis  of  scientific  works  and  normative  and technical documentation on various aspects of the definition and provision at the required level of ergonomic properties of knitwear that characterize the level of its convenience and comfort has been carried out. It was found  that  many  researchers  refer  as  most  influencing  the  sense  of  comfort  such  properties  as:  air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal resistance, hygroscopicity, electrical resistance, as well as stiffness and stretchability, that most affect the ability of knitwear to keep shape and fit the size of the human body. It was found that all abovementioned knitwear properties depend on the geometric characteristics of the knitted structure, such as yarn diameter; the loop length; wale spacing; course spacing; the thickness of the knit and others. Theoretical models of mechanical and physical properties of knitwear are functions of the geometrical characteristics of its structure, therefore the quality prediction of physical behaviour of knitwear depends on the quality of the 3D geometric model of the yarn, knitted in the knit. Scientific novelty. As a result of an analytical review of scientific publications and normative and technical documentation, the ergonomics of knitwear that form a feeling of thermophysiological comfort were determined, and their connection with the geometric characteristics of the knitwear structure was established. Practical  value.  Theoretical  models  of  air  permeability,  thermal  conductivity  and  stretchability, published  in  scientific  journals,  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  possibility  of  their  use  as  the  basis  for mathematical support of the computer-aided design system of knitted clothing are analyzed.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ІНТУМЕСЦЕНТНИХ ЕПОКСИДНИХ ПОКРИТТІВ СПОЛУКАМИ ІНТЕРКАЛЬОВАНОГО ГРАФІТУ
Authors: Вахітова Л. М. , Плаван В. П. , Шологон В. І. , Калафат К. В. , Таран Н. А. , Бессарабов В. І.
Published: September 2021

Investigation of the effect of nitrate oxide graphite on the parameters of char layer, obtained from the system of ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol / epoxy resin under the influence of temperatures of 200–800 °С.  Methodology.  A  fire  retardant  mixture  was  chosen  as  a  model  intumescent  system  ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol. As a polymer component was used bisphenols A / F epoxy resin together with a polyamidoamine hardener. Nitrate oxide graphite was obtained by oxidation of natural scaly graphite  with fuming  nitrogen  acid.  The  effect  of  impurities  of  nitrate  oxide  graphite  was  determined  by thermogravimetry  on  the  intumescence  coefficient  of  intumescent  compositions  and  the  mass  of  the  char residue intumescent compositions in temperature range of 200–800 °С.  Findings. The influence of nitrate oxide graphite on the characteristics was studied of char layer of epoxy intumescent system ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol / epoxy resin. The study of thermal  oxidative  degradation  was  carried  out  intumescent  compositions  in  the  temperature  range  200–800 °С. It was shown that intercalated graphite compounds increase the thermal stability of the formed char layer at temperatures > 600 °С. Determined intumescence coefficients and thermogravimetric analysis of modified intumescent systems was performed nitrate oxide graphite with different degrees of intercalation, in the conditions of 200–800 °С. It was established that the optimal parameters of the char layer are in terms of volume intumescence coefficient and mass of the char residue are provided by graphites, which contain 15–25% of intercalant in its composition. But the results obtained allow us to determine nitrate oxide graphite as a promising modifier of epoxy intumescent systems to increase its fire protection efficiency. Originality.  The  influence  of  degree  of  intercalation  of  nitrate  oxide  graphite  was  studied  on  the characteristics of char layer of epoxy intumescent system for the first time.  Practical value. The optimal content of intercalant in nitrate oxide graphite was established for the development of formulations of intumescent epoxy coatings with increased fire retardant properties.
The Rise of the French Doctrine of Informed Consent: Criminal Responsibility for an Unauthorised Medical Experiment – The Case of the Antiquaille Hospital and Subsequent Notable Judgments
Authors: Lytvynenko Anatoliy A.
Published: September 2021

The French doctrine regarding a patient’s informed consent has a long and very rich history, dating back at least to the mid-nineteenth century. Medical malpractice had become a frequent subject of criminal trials and civil litigation against physicians and surgeons in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, resulting in French medical case law and its academic scholarship becoming one of the most prominent throughout all the civil law jurisdictions. Simultaneously, medical malpractice lawsuits were not rare in civil or common law jurisdictions. The uniqueness of French jurisprudence lies in the development of a robust body of case law, which formed the basis for patients’ rights, and specifically informed consent and the right to medical data confidentiality. The right to informed consent is a reflection of the patient’s right to their own bodily integrity, which may not be violated for the purpose of treatment, except in an emergency. Moreover, the rule of consent is even stricter if physicians are administering experimental treatment (which is not generally banned, as it may benefit the patient), or conducting certain methods of treatment for purely scientific purposes – as was in the case of the Antiquaille Hospital in Lyon, where a dangerous and experimental method of treatment was used to treat a ten-year-old minor suffering from dermatophytosis, which was not authorised by his guardians. The case, which was adjudicated by the criminal court of Lyon, is historically one of the first legal cases to deal with unconsented treatment conducted for the purpose of a scientific experiment. Over the twentieth century, similar legal cases became more frequent in France. Keywords: informed consent, medical experiments, patient autonomy, right to bodily integrity, medical law, French law.
Contractual Unpredictabiliy in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Patraus Mihaela Elvira , Ofrim Ionita Maria
Published: September 2021

The new realities require a revitalisation of the legal system to overcome the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The current health crisis is, at the same time, a challenge not only for public authorities, but also for the scientific community and legal practitioners, concerned with finding viable solutions for the adaptation of legal institutions. For the legal system, the contract is an essential factor from a theoretical and practical point of view, an indispensable element for the sphere of private law; it is an essential piece of evidence that lawyers will support in the face of new challenges posed by the current pandemic context. In this article we have in view an objective analysis of the contractual contingency, starting from the jurisprudential consecration that was conferred under the previous regulation and until the introduction of this institution in the national legislation with the entry into force of the new Romanian Civil Code in 2011. We intend to present a brief retrospective on the theory of unpredictabiliy and will discuss the regulation found in national law, as well as the existence of this institution in comparative law. In a dynamic social and economic context, it is essential to clarify the relationship between the binding force of contracts and the possibility of invoking unpredictabiliy, in situations where certain changes affecting the contractual balance occur in the performance of obligations. At the same time, as a case study, we will try to answer the question whether this institution finds its applicability in the most debated issue at legal, national and international level in the current period, namely the effects on contractual relations, generated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the measures taken by public authorities to limit the effects of the virus on human health. In the sphere of performance of contractual relations, in progress at the time of the pandemic, a multitude of controversies have been created, regarding the possibility of invoking, as the case may be, force majeure, fortuitous event or unpredictabiliy and in this article we will highlight to what extent the parties have these remedies at hand. Last but not least, the study will highlight the jurisprudential orientation due to the significant changes suffered in the current social and economic context amid the Covid-19 pandemic, respectively if the institution of unpredictabiliy comes to help the contracting parties to save the contracts concluded before the pandemic which have been affected in the context of the measures and restrictions taken by each state. Keywords: Unpredictabiliy; Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic; contractual relations; force majeure; fortuitous event; rebus sic stantibus; pacta sunt servanda.
Factories` Observance to the Legal Framework for the Protection of the Environment: A Case Study in Debre Berhan Town
Authors: Fanta Choramo Petros
Published: September 2021

This study mainly focused on industrial pollution in Debre Berhan town and observance of the legal frameworks concerning industrial pollution. The researcher gives more emphasis to identify the cause and effect of pollution in the town. It is also given due attention to various measures being taken by factories, pertinent government bodies, and the society based on relevant laws and observance of legal frameworks by them, in order to prevent pollution. This study used the primary and secondary source of data. The sampling technique which was selected for the study was purposive sampling. At the end, the research intended to address the extent of pollution and the overall challenges that are impediments which limit the achievement of creating a healthy environment that suits for the life of human being, fauna and flora. Accordingly, some of the final findings of the study are; the extent of pollution in Debre Berhan Town is increasing from time to time, while such pollution is mainly emanated from the fault of concerned government bodies, factories, societies. Keywords: Environment; Factories; Pollution; Pollutants; Legal Framework and Institutional Frameworks.
Personality Rights – A Universal Tool for the Recovery of Non-Pecuniary Loss
Authors: Kasperska Martyna
Published: September 2021

As society develops, the concept of personality rights and their legal protection gain significance over the years. Naturally, this concept is evolving as society changes, and it should protect new personal interests against infringement. At the same time, there are reported instances of granting legal protection with doubtful legal justification. In Poland, many commentators and scholars point out that the courts, in some cases, seem to use the concept of personality rights as a universal tool in order to compensate for nearly any mental distress. In this paper, I wish to present interesting examples of this "search" for new personality rights as tools to compensate the plaintiffs for non-pecuniary damages, along with some controversial cases of granting non-pecuniary damages based on questionable legal justification. Following, I will attempt to clarify the notion of non-pecuniary loss and examine whether the courts try to expand its meaning to grant legal protection to plaintiffs. My analysis will be based on Polish law, with some comparative remarks. As the problem is complex and varies according to the jurisdiction, this paper provides a general illustration of the issue at hand. Keywords: Tort law; Personality rights; Non-pecuniary damage; Non-pecuniary loss; Compensation
The Case of “Mafia Capitale”: The Judicial Proceedings Prosecuted by the Anti-Mafia District Office of Rome against Massimo Carminati and Salvatore Buzzi
Authors: Jucan Sicignano Gaspare
Published: September 2021

The “Mafia capitale” trial marked a significant point in the interpretation of the specific elements of mafia-style association valid in Italian law. This paper will examine the various stages of the trial proceedings, focusing in particular on the final ruling of the Court of Cassation. This study thus further develops the structure of the crime referred to by art. 416 bis Italian criminal code, discussing in order the externalization methods of the so-called “mafia method.” Keywords: Mafia; Rome; Italian law; Corruption.
ANALISIS RISIKO USAHATANI JERUK PAMELO (Kasus di Desa Tambakmas Kecamatan Sukomoro Kabupaten Magetan)
Authors: Yanti Damay , Nahraeni Wini , Masithoh Siti , Rahayu Arifah
Published: September 2021

Jawa Timur merupakan provinsi penghasil jeruk pamelo terbesar kedua di Indonesia, setelah Sulawesi Selatan (Pangkajene dan Kepulauan).  Produksi jeruk pamelo berfluktuasi, yang mengindikasikan adanya risiko produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber risiko produksi pada jeruk pamelo, tingkat risiko produksi dan merekomendasikan alternatif penanganan risiko jeruk pamelo. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Tambakmas Kecamatan Sukomoro Kabupaten Magetan. Penarikan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling dengan jumlah petani sebanyak 50 orang. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis variance, standard deviation dan coefficient variation. Sumber risiko dianalisis dengan skala likert 1-5 dan dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani mempersepsikan sumber risiko yang paling tinggi adalah kerusakan akibat serangan hama dan penyakit, ketergantungan pada cuaca dan musim dan kurangnya curah hujan/kekeringan. Jumlah expected return berdasarkan produksi sebanyak 6.739,55 buah dengan tingkat risiko sebesar 0,64 artinya tingkat risiko yang dihadapi sebesar 64%. Nilai expected return berdasarkan penerimaan adalah sebesar Rp33.589.163,87 Penanganan yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko adalah pengendalian hama dan penyakit dan pemeliharaan secara intensif seperti sanitasi kebun, pemeriksaan berkala buah yang terkena hama dan penyiraman.
OS DESAFIOS DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA PESPECTIVA DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO FUNDAMNETAL SANTA SANTOS, NO ANO DE 2019.
Authors: COSTA DE FREITAS DARCY
Published: September 2021

Este artigo buscou investigar os desafios da pratica pedagógica no processo de alfabetização sobre a perspectiva da formação docente nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Santa Santos, no ano de 2019? O método investigativo fez uso do estudo Misto com desenho DITRAS, tendo o enfoque qualitativo direcionado pelo alcance exploratório descritivo. Tendo como objetivos específicos: Identificar os desafios no proceso de alfabetização. Verificar se as práticas pedagógicas, têm conseguido sanar as dificuldades de aprendizagem no proceso de alfabetização. Relatar o processo de alfabetização atraves das metodologias propostas na ação do professor alfabetizador. Conclui-se que muitos são os desafios enfrentado pelo docente sobre o processo de alfabetização, como as contribuições significativas em termo do processo formativo do professor alfabetizador, auxiliando a pratica docente no direcionamento de novas ações metodologicas e avaliativas, que buscam (re)significar a pratica do professor alfabetizador. As inovações metodologicas, a inserção da prática lúdica, a disponibilidade de jogos, resalta-se que apesar dos avanços ainda há muitos desafios e dificuldades a ser sanadas no processo de alfabetização, para que de fato a criança seja alfabetizada na idade certa.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to aerosols containing nanoparticles: inflammation and phenotype features
Authors: Zenkova Marina A. , Saprykin Anatoly I. , Logashenko Evgeniya B. , Shpagin Ilya S. , Kotova Olga S. , Tsygankova Alfiya R. , Kuznetsova Galina V. , Anikina Ekaterina V. , Kamneva Natalya V. , Gerasimenko Dmitriy A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Influence of incidental nanoparticles of industrial aerosols on occupational lung diseases development is not studied enough. As nanoparticles has properties to induce inflammation and fibrosis, it is hypothesized that they affect occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotype. The aim was to establish monocyte subsets, airway inflammation, clinical and functional features in occupational COPD due to aerosols containing nanoparticles exposure. Materials and methods. Study design was a single center prospective cohort observational. Subjects with occupational COPD (GOLD 2011-2021 criteria) exposed to aerosols containing nanoparticles (n=50) enrolled. Comparison group - COPD in tobacco smokers (n=50), control group - healthy people (n=50). Groups were matched by demographics and COPD duration. Nanoparticles at workplaces air were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and by scanning electron microscopy. Of participants 26 were exposed to maximal concentrations of metal nanoparticles and 24 - of silica nanoparticles. Spirography, body pletysmography, lung diffusing capacity (DLco/Va), Doppler-ehocardiography, induced sputum cytology, COPD exacerbations assessment were done. Monocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Linear regression model was used to explore relationships. Results. COPD due to aerosols containing metal nanoparticles was characterized by most severe airflow limitation, lung hyperinflation, pulmonary hypertension, most prominent decrease in DLco/Va, frequent and severe COPD exacerbations, eosinophilic inflammation. The largest proportion of «classical» CD14+CD16- monocytes subset, 96,4% (90,3%; 97,2%), high level of CCR5 expression were seen in this group. The features of COPD due to aerosols containing silica nanoparticles were substantial decrease in DLco/Va, the least airflow limitation, mild lung hyperinflation, rare COPD exacerbations, paucigranulocytic inflammation. The largest proportion of «non-classical» CD14DimCD16+ monocytes with high level of CCR2 expression revealed. Mass concentration of metal nanoparticles was associated with «classical» monocytes, (B=1,5), silica nanoparticles - with «non-classical» monocytes (B=1,4). On their turn, «classical» monocytes were associated with DLco (B=-1,6), functional residual volume (B=1,2), mean pulmonary artery pressure (B=-1,4), eosinophilic inflammation. «Non-classical» monocytes were associated with DLco (B=-1,5) and paucigranulocytic inflammation (B=1,2), p<0,015. Conclusions. Exposure of incidental nanoparticles was associated with circulated monocyte subsets, airway inflammation and occupaitonal CODP phenotype.
Improving the performance of filters for personal respiratory protection
Authors: Kaptsov Valery A. , Chirkin Alexander V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. To adequately protect workers from gaseous air pollution using air purifying respiratory protective devices (RPD), it is necessary to periodically replace filters. The aim of the study was the analyze the methods of monitoring the performance of workers’ RPD. Materials and methods. Nowadays the subjective reaction of smell to an increase in the concentration of gas in the mask is widely used. This practice is compared with the available scientific information on the subjective ability of humans to detect gases. Results. The requirements for filter replacement in the legislation of foreign countries are analyzed. It has been established that for most hazardous substances there is no available information on the thresholds of odor (irritant) perception, and the available data show a high probability of exceeding the odor perception thresholds over the maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in the working area. for getting used to it, distraction of attention, low individual sensitivity, etc. The existing approach in Russia leads to the belated replacement of part of the filters and, as a consequence, to the deterioration of the professional health of workers. Conclusion. Recommendations are formulated on the measures, the implementation of which is necessary to improve the protection of personnel used air purifying RPD.
How Far the Digital Marketing Innovation done by Natural Raw Material MSMEs during the Pandemic? Case of Magelang Region, Central Java Region, Indonesia
Authors: Leong Hironimus , Retnawati Berta Bekti , Irmawati B.
Published: September 2021

There are various steps taken by Natural Raw Materials MSMEs in Magelang Region in facing the economic downturn during the pandemic for their business continuity. The effort to adapt to the difficulties during the pandemic period is by utilizing information technology to encourage the economy to continue growing and developing. The use of social media and e-commerce is an example of marketing adaptation from a traditional form to a more modern model. Participation in virtual exhibitions is also another example of how MSMEs adopt digital transformation. The study aims to determine how far the natural raw material MSMEs actors can utilize the digital marketing during the pandemic and prepare for the adaptation in the new normal period. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach involving 30 MSMEs. The result shows that MSMEs who are transitioning away from traditional marketing techniques and attempting to be innovative in response to environmental changes have a chance to sustain themselves. Marketing via e-commerce, social media, and virtual product introduction can help to increase markets and enhance the economy. Those that are not prepared for the adaption process, on the other hand, will choose to operate other businesses or even close them.
PENYELESAIAN DEBITUR WANPRESTASI DENGAN JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Siregar Tania Tri Dewi
Published: September 2021

Fidusia berasal dari bahasa romawi fides yang berarti kepercayaan. Pengertian fidusia adalah pengalihan hak kepemilikan suatu benda atas dasar kepercayaan dengan ketentuan bahwa benda yang hak kepemilikannya dialihkan tetap dalam penguasaan pemilik benda. Fidusia melahirkan Fidusia telah berdasarkan kepercayaan terhadap debitor karena barang yang menjadi jaminan tetap berada dibawah tangan penguasaan debitor. Pada transaksi perbankan khususnya dalam bidang perkreditan, lembaga jaminan yang banyak digunakan oleh debitor adalah jaminan fidusia. Dalam hal tersebut jaminan fidusia banyak digunakan pada transaksi utang- piutang yang disebabkan karena proses pembebanan atas jaminan fidusia yang sederhana, cepat dan mudah. Dalam perjanjian kredit, jika debitur tidak mau atau tidak mampu membayar kredit atau utangnya, debitur akan wanprestasi atau ingkar janji. Seseorang dinyatakan wanprestasi apabila sama sekali tidak memenuhi prestasi, prestasi yang dilakukan tidak sempurna, lalai memenuhi prestasi, dan melakukan apa yang dalam perjanjian dilarang untuk dilakukan. Apa akibat terjadinya wanprestasi dan bagaimana cara agar penyelesaian wanprestasi bisa menimbulkan perlindungan bagi para pihak. Agar terbentuk apa yang menjadi keinginan tujuan dari penciptaan perjanjian, dibutuhkan solusi yang bisa membuat perlindungan bagi para pihak terutama pihak yang dirugikan. Kata kunci: Fidusia, Perjanjian, Wanprestasi.
Javandra.19421066.sister.1
Authors: Savinsaka Javandra
Published: September 2021

Javandra.19421066.sister.1
Afandi.19421058.CloudComputing.1
Authors: Akbar Afandi
Published: September 2021

Afandi.19421058.CloudComputing.1
Feby.19421057.Cloud Computing.1
Authors: Riani Feby
Published: September 2021

Feby.19421057.Cloud Computing.1