bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Activism and Its Impact on Civil Society in Hong Kong: A Case Study of the Anti–Falun Gong Campaign
Authors: Chan Cheris Shun-ching , Junker Andrew
Published: July 2020

In this article, we introduce the concept of “anti-activism” and explore the possible impact of anti-activist action in Hong Kong. We define anti-activism as a form of countermovement intended to discredit, distract, and even harass activists in voluntary social movements. Our data and analyses are based on field observations, interviews, and primary documents collected in Hong Kong during 2012–2018. We focus on the case of the protest campaign against the quasi-religious group Falun Gong 法輪功 to develop our argument. We find that anti-activists do not try to win public support for their cause. Instead, they succeed most effectively through the process of disrupting and discrediting voluntary activists to arouse tension, conflict, suspicion, and annoyance in the public. They discredit not just their opponents but even themselves, and, thus by extension, they discredit social movement activism per se, polarize public debate, and in a way undermine the integrity of civil society in Hong Kong.
Nonlinear Granger causality graph method for data-driven target attack in power cyber-physical systems
Authors: Li Qinxue , Xu Bugong , Li Shanbin , Liu Yonggui , Xie Xuhuan
Published: July 2020

Owing to the deep integration of the information and communication technologies, power cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have become smart but are vulnerable to cyber attacks. To correctly assess the vulnerability of power CPSs and further study feasible countermeasures, we verify that a data-driven target attack on a nonlinear Granger causality graph (NGCG) can be constructed successfully, even if adversaries cannot acquire the configuration information of the systems. A NGCG is a unified framework for the processing and analysis of nonlinear measurement data or datasets and can be used to evaluate the significance of power nodes or lines. In addition, an algorithm including data-driven parameter estimation, noise removal and data reconstruction based on symplectic geometry is introduced to make the NGCG a parameter-free and noise-tolerant method. In particular, three new indexes on the weight analysis of the NGCG are defined to quantitatively evaluate the significance of power nodes or lines. Finally, several case studies of a nonlinear simulation model and power systems in detail verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed data-driven target attack. The results show the proposed target attack can select the key attack targets more accurately and lead to physical system collapse with the least number of attack steps.
Interpretation of the translated WISC-V: Caveat venditor and caveat emptor
Authors: Kettler Ryan J.
Published: July 2020

The article is a commentary on Use of Translated and Adapted Versions of the WISC-V: Caveat Emptor. Per online instructions, it has no abstract.
Infrastructuralization of Tik Tok: transformation, power relationships, and platformization of video entertainment in China
Authors: Zhang Zongyi
Published: July 2020

The article contributes to complicate the issue of ‘infrastructuralization of platform’ through an empirical study on China’s video streaming platform, Tik Tok. It aims at exploring how video streaming platform will transform in its infrastructural process and changing powering relationships between different actors in the platform ecosystem. After scrutinizing its technique features, business model, platform discourse, and power relationships with government, it argues that the infrastructural process of Tik Tok is not only embodied in its transformation from an entertainment community to an integrated platform, including services in e-commerce, online education, propaganda, and tourism, but more in its growing power of indispensability entrenched in our society. The main argument will be elaborated in two layers: first, Tik Tok attains its power on commercial monetization, content distribution, and acquisition of data sources through its infrastructural ambition of building a ‘video encyclopedia’ that can be salable, ranked, and archived. Second, Tik Tok has started to engage in fields of propaganda and tourism for city branding in alignment with central and local government. Tik Tok thereby wins its legitimacy in content management and government in turn plays as a role of stakeholder sharing the dividend from its contribution for state’s development goals. Therefore, the article not only fills in the gap of a case study on infrastructural video streaming platform but also intends to highlight changing power relationships between government and platform in the process of infrastructuralization.
Impact of Lymph Node Yield on Survival in Surgically Treated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gomez Ernest D. , Chang Joyce C. , Ceremsak John J. , Brody Robert M. , Brant Jason A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Newman Jason G.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

(1) To estimate the association between neck dissection lymph node yield (LNY) and survival among patients with surgically treated human papilloma virus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). (2) To identify a clinically relevant quality metric for surgical treatment of HPV‐related OPSCC.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National Cancer Database.

Subjects and Methods

From the National Cancer Database, 4130 patients were identified with HPV‐associated OPSCC treated with primary surgery from 2010 to 2016. Based on prior literature, an adequate neck dissection LNY was defined as ≥18 lymph nodes. To determine whether LNY is associated with survival, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed. Analysis was stratified by adjuvant therapy regimen.

Results

A total of 2113 patients (51.2%) underwent surgery with or without adjuvant radiation (S ± RT), and 2017 patients (48.8%) underwent surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation. LNY ≥18 was associated with a 5‐year survival benefit of 7.15% (91.7% for LNY ≥18, 84.5% for LNY <18, P =. 004) for the S ± RT cohort on unadjusted survival analysis. For the S ± RT group, LNY ≥18 was associated with decreased hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.70; P <. 001) after adjustment for patient characteristics, TNM staging, surgical margins, extranodal extension, and treating facility characteristics. For surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation, the adjusted hazard ratio estimate for LNY ≥18 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.41‐1.00), but the result was not statistically significant (P =. 052).

Conclusion

An adequate LNY from a neck dissection may affect survival when HPV‐related OPSCC is treated with up‐front surgery.
The importance of influential users in (re)producing Swedish far-right discourse on Twitter
Authors: Åkerlund Mathilda
Published: July 2020

Using a combination of descriptive statistics, sentiment analysis and close readings of a collection of 74,336 Swedish tweets, this article explores the platform usage patterns of users who are influential in a Swedish far-right discourse on Twitter and how these users help to (re)produce far-right discourse. Specifically, it focuses on their use of platform functions and on language use. The analysis shows that influential users have a narrow focus in terms of the content they post and how they profile themselves. They are highly active, have more followers and produce more original content than other users. Surprisingly, while previous research has found that emotionally charged tweets are retweeted more and that highly popular and influential Twitter users tend to express more emotion while tweeting, influential users in this dataset often posted far-right content concealed as neutral, factual statements. This use of seemingly neutral language creates an inclusive far-right context, lets influential users evade responsibility for their content as well as facilitates more overtly hateful interpretations.
Spontaneous hemopneumothorax after laparoscopy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Zhenyan , Wang Qing , Shi Juntao , Cao Huihua , Wu Yugang , Lu Qicheng
Published: July 2020

Background

Spontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) is defined as the accumulation of >400 mL of blood in the pleural cavity in association with spontaneous pneumothorax. This rare clinical disorder may be life-threatening.

Case presentation

A 71-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of recurrent bloody stool, and electronic colonoscopy suggested a rectal mass. Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer was performed. Two days later, she developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, and slight pain in the left chest. Emergency chest radiography revealed mild left pneumothorax and pleural effusion. SHP was suspected and a thoracic drain was inserted. However, the patient developed hemorrhagic shock 3 hours after drainage. She underwent emergency video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), which revealed left lung tip rupture with bleeding and adhesive band fracture at the top of the left thoracic cavity. The ruptured lung tissue was removed and electrocoagulation at the adhesion band was performed for hemostasis. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 11. At the time of this writing, she had developed no SHP recurrence or any other complications.

Conclusions

This case shows that conservative treatment may have serious consequences in patients with SHP. Thus, chest X-ray examination and VATS should be performed in patients with SHP.
Assessment of two prophylactic fluid strategies in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A randomized trial
Authors: Gál Judit , Fülesdi Béla , Varga Dávid , Fodor Babett , Varga Eszter , Siró Péter , Bereczki Dániel , Szabó Sándor , Molnár Csilla
Published: July 2020

Objective

To compare the effect of two prophylactic euvolemic fluid strategy regimens on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

Ninety-six patients with a basal intravenous intake of 15 mL/kg/day of Ringer’s lactate solution were included, and an additional 15 to 50 mL/kg/day Ringer’s lactate (RL-group) or hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 solution (HES-group) was administered to maintain the targeted mean arterial pressure. The primary end point was the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm during the first 14 days. The secondary end points were case fatality, Barthel’s index, and Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS) at 30 days after SAH.

Results

Cerebral vasospasm developed in 42 patients (43.7%), and nine of these events were severe. The vasospasm rate among the RL- and HES-based groups was 25/48 and 17/48, respectively. For the secondary endpoint, four patients (4%) died by the end of follow-up (two in each group). Unfavorable outcome cases were not different in the RL and HES groups (9 vs. 14, respectively). There was no difference between the Barthel’s scores at 30 days between the two groups.

Conclusions

Using starches in a prophylactic treatment strategy in aneurysmal SAH in not supported by the study. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov under the number NCT02064075
Inverted U-shaped relationship between body mass index and multivessel lesions in Chinese patients with myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Dandan , Li Wei , Zhang Hongmin , Li Yafen , Zhang Qingyun
Published: July 2020

Objective

To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with myocardial infarction.

Methods

This study was performed in 1566 patients with myocardial infarction in the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, China. Independent and dependent variables were BMI measured at baseline and multivessel coronary artery disease, respectively. The covariates examined in this study were age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, left ventricular ejection fraction, sex, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.

Results

A nonlinear relationship was detected between BMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, and this was an inverted U-shaped curve and the cutoff point was 26.3 kg/m2. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 1.10 (1.01–1.20) and 0.85 (0.74–0.97), respectively.

Conclusions

There is an obesity paradox for BMI > 26.3 kg/m2. Future studies should examine the relationship between BMI and prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction, which may be important for improving the prognosis through control of BMI.
Association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and beta-cell function of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yan Li-hui , Mu Biao , Pan Da , Shi Ya-nan , Yuan Ji-hong , Guan Yue , Li Wang , Zhu Xiao-yi , Guo Lei
Published: July 2020

Aims

Previous studies suggest that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the association between SIBO and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether beta-cell function was associated with SIBO.

Materials and methods

One hundred four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Based on the presence of SIBO, the patients were divided into SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative groups. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Insulin sensitivity was measured using 1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1/HOMA-IR) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISIM). Insulin release was calculated by HOMA-β, early-phase insulin secretion index InsAUC30/GluAUC30, and total-phase insulin secretion index InsAUC120/GluAUC120.

Results

Compared with the SIBO-negative group, patients in the SIBO-positive group showed a higher glucose level at 120 minutes, HbA1c, 1/HOMA-IR, and ISIM and a lower HOMA-β level, early-phase InsAUC30/GluAUC30, and total-phase InsAUC120/GluAUC120. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body mass index, glucose at 0 minutes, and SIBO were independently associated with the early-phase and total-phase insulin secretion.

Conclusion

SIBO may be involved in lower levels of insulin release and worse glycemic control.
Non-tropical fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes: case reports and review of recent literature
Authors: Xia Fang , Zhou Weibin , Wang Bin , Hu Yongmei
Published: July 2020

Background

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), an uncommon form of secondary diabetes, is caused by chronic nonalcoholic calcific pancreatitis and primarily occurs in tropical countries.

Objective

To present our first-hand experiences in the diagnosis and management of FCPD in two patients from a non-tropical location.

Case report

Two male Chinese patients (29 and 32 years old) presented with poor insulin function, negative islet cell and glutamate decarboxylase antibodies, and no spontaneous ketosis or abdominal pain. A careful clinical assessment was made and the results were correlated with laboratory findings. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans further revealed pancreatic calcification, calculi, and pancreatic duct dilation. Differential diagnosis confirmed FCPD and excluded the potential misdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. FCPD in these patients was managed with insulin and symptomatic treatment with close monitoring. At the time of submission of this report, the first patient was stable at his last follow-up, but the second had been re-hospitalized for worsening symptoms.

Conclusion

Early differential diagnosis of FCPD based on clinical examination and biochemical and radiological investigations, in tandem with insulin therapy, can help manage FCPD effectively.
Beneficence or Bucks: Focus on Bioethics
Authors: Ahluwalia Rajiv
Published: July 2020

Bioethics is the most appropriate and moral way of dealing with sensitive situations that arise in the field of medicine. This is more so in contemporary times with the advent of technology. Beneficence demands that health care providers develop and maintain skills and knowledge, continually update training, consider individual circumstances of all patients, and strive for patients’ well-being and benefit. Problems arising from unethical approach have now reached global proportions and this has prompted global institutions to work on this and create awareness amongst health care workers toward ethical approach. A pleasing appearance in today’s world has become a necessity, the smile being a prime asset to an individual’s appearance. Feeling attractive is directly related to elevated self-esteem. However, the objectives of cosmetic dentistry need to be met with unscrupulous treatment, keeping in mind dental ethics and adhering to the principles.
Internationalization and destination selection of emerging market SMEs: Issues and challenges in a conceptual framework
Authors: Zhu Ying , Warner Malcolm , Sardana Deepak
Published: July 2020

In this article, we target emerging market small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization by tackling two key questions: (1) What are the issues and challenges facing the emerging market SMEs in the process of internationalization in general and choice of destination in particular? (2) What are the strategies and processes being adopted by SMEs to overcome the challenges and limitations with specific reference to international destinations in developed economies as opposed to emerging markets? As we delve into these twin issues, we develop a conceptual framework, based on our mini case studies of Chinese and Indian SMEs to make complementary contribution to the research on the internationalization of emerging market SMEs. Finally, we pose a number of research questions for future research as the outcome of this article.
Animal geographies II: Killing and caring (in times of crisis)
Authors: Gibbs Leah
Published: July 2020

Humans kill and care for animals in a multitude of contexts. These themes – killing and caring – form the focus of this second report on animal geographies research. Most notably, killing and caring take place through conservation and the production and consumption of food. Other realms of recent research include killing through climate change, formal arrangements of care, how animals are made killable, and the significance of the individual and collective. Further to these two major themes, the review identifies other approaches to animal geographies research in recent years; namely, political and relational. Finally, the propensity for humans to kill and care for animals is highlighted by crisis. I open and close the review by considering connections between animals and two contemporary emergencies: the fires that burned south-eastern Australia over summer 2019–20 and the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Father’s a Cowardly Custard”: Peter Pan and the Crisis of Victorian Fatherhood
Authors: Cuenca Jaime
Published: July 2020

This article deals with the presence of Victorian ideas about fatherhood in Peter Pan’s story. While motherhood in J. M. Barrie’s classic creation has been thoroughly analyzed, the strategic role of the sole father figure has been neglected, mostly because of his alleged identification with the character of Captain Hook. It will be argued that Mr. Darling’s failure as a father is the major plot trigger and is key to understanding some essential aspects of Peter Pan himself. What Barrie created is actually a dramatic embodiment of masculine anxieties around family roles in the late-Victorian and Edwardian periods.
Concussion Symptom Cutoffs for Identification and Prognosis of Sports-Related Concussion: Role of Time Since Injury
Authors: Eagle Shawn R. , Womble Melissa N. , Elbin R.J. , Pan Raymond , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Symptom reporting with scales such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is one of the most sensitive markers of concussed status and/or recovery time, It is known that time from injury until initial clinic visit affects symptom presentation and recovery outcomes, but no study to date has evaluated changes in clinical cutoff scores for the PCSS based on earlier versus later clinical presentation postconcussion.

Purpose:

To evaluate if time since injury after sports-related concussion (SRC) affects clinical cutoff scores for total PCSS and PCSS factors in differentiating athletes with SRC from healthy controls and predicting prolonged recovery (>30 days) after SRC.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A chart review was conducted of clinical data from patients with SRC (age, 13-25 years; n = 588; female, n = 299) who presented to concussion specialty clinics. Participants were categorized on the basis of time from injury: early (≤7 days; n = 348) and late (8-21 days; n = 240). Outcomes were total symptom severity (ie, total PCSS score) and total score for each of 4 symptom factors (cognitive/migraine/fatigue [CMF], affective, sleep, and somatic). Area under the curve (AUC) analyses were conducted using the Youden index to optimize sensitivity and specificity cutoffs.

Results:

In the early group, the CMF factor (cutoff, ≥7; AUC = 0.944), affective factor (cutoff, ≥1; AUC = 0.614), and total PCSS (cutoff, ≥7; AUC = 0.889) differentiated athletes with SRC from controls. In the late group, the CMF factor cutoff was reduced (cutoff, ≥4; AUC = 0.945), while the total PCSS score (cutoff, ≥7; AUC = 0.892), affective factor (cutoff, ≥1; AUC = 0.603), and sleep factor (cutoff, ≥1; AUC = 0.609) remained the same. In the early cohort, the CMF factor was the strongest predictor of protracted recovery (cutoff, ≥23; AUC = 0.717), followed by the total PCSS (cutoff, ≥39; AUC = 0.695) and affective factor (cutoff, ≥2; AUC = 0.614). The affective factor (cutoff, ≥1; AUC = 0.642) and total PCSS (cutoff, ≥35; AUC = 0.592) were significant predictors in the late cohort, but the cutoff threshold was reduced.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that PCSS symptom clinical cutoffs for identifying injury and recovery prognosis change on the basis of time since injury. Specifically, the combination of CMF, affective, and sleep factors is the best differentiator of athletes with SRC from controls regardless of time since injury. Furthermore, the CMF factor is the most robust predictor of prolonged recovery if the patient is within 1 week of SRC, whereas the affective factor is the most robust predictor of prolonged recovery if the patient is within 2 to 3 weeks of SRC.
Gastrocnemius Injuries in Professional Baseball Players: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Hultman Kristi , Szukics Patrick F. , Grzenda Adrienne , Curriero Frank C. , Cohen Steven B.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Gastrocnemius injuries are a common lower extremity injury in elite baseball players. There are no current epidemiological studies focused on gastrocnemius injuries in professional baseball players that provide information on the timing, distribution, and characteristics of such injuries.

Hypothesis:

Gastrocnemius injury in professional baseball players is a common injury that is influenced by factors such as age, player position, and time of season.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Based on Major League Baseball’s (MLB’s) Health and Injury Tracking System (HITS) database, gastrocnemius injuries that caused time out of play for MLB and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players during the 2011-2016 seasons were identified. Player characteristics, including age, level of play, and position at time of injury, were collected. Injury-specific factors analyzed included date of injury, time of season, days missed, and activity leading to injury.

Results:

A total of 402 gastrocnemius injuries (n = 145, MLB; n = 257, MiLB) occurred during the 2011-2016 seasons. MLB players were significantly older at the time of injury (30.1 years, MLB; 23.9 years, MiLB; P < .001). Base running (36.1%) was the most common activity causing the injury, followed by fielding (23.6%), with 50.3% of base-running injuries sustained on the way to first base. In MLB players, gastrocnemius injuries were most common in infielders (48.3%), followed by pitchers (27.6%) and then outfielders (17.9%), while for MiLB players the injuries were more evenly distributed (33.5%, 28.8%, and 30.7%, respectively). The frequency of injuries in MLB players dropped off after the start of the regular season, whereas MiLB players had a consistent injury rate throughout the year.

Conclusion:

Gastrocnemius injuries are a common cause of lower extremity injury in professional baseball players, resulting in significant time out of play. Base running, particularly to first base, was the most common activity during injury. Outfielders had the fewest injuries; however, they required the longest time to recover. This study provides the first investigation to date with the HITS database to examine the characteristics and distribution of gastrocnemius injuries in professional baseball players, offering insight into risk factors, injury prevention, and recovery expectations.
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Can Improve Knee Stability: A Comparison of Medial and Lateral Procedures
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Lee Hyun Woo , Park Soo Yeon , Yeak Raymond D.K. , Kim Jung-Suk , Park Jae-Young
Published: July 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical score and stability after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) after a previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Medial MAT would improve anteroposterior stability, and lateral MAT would improve rotational stability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Method:

We retrospectively investigated 31 cases of MAT after a previous total or nearly total meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction between November 2008 and June 2017. Cases were divided into medial (16 cases) and lateral (15 cases) MAT groups. The patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up.

Results:

In the medial MAT group, the International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm, Lysholm instability, and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, and there were also significant improvements in the anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot-shift tests. In the lateral MAT group, the Lysholm and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, as had the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not the pivot-shift test. The medial MAT group showed significant improvement in side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs, from 6.5 mm (preoperatively) to 3.6 mm (2-year follow-up) ( P = .001), while the lateral MAT group showed no significant change. There was no progression of arthritis in either group.

Conclusion:

Medial MAT improved not only anteroposterior stability but also rotational stability in the meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knee. Lateral MAT showed improvements in the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not in the pivot-shift test or side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees. Instability and pain are indications for MAT in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees.
Posterior Rotational and Translational Stability in Acromioclavicular Ligament Complex Reconstruction: A Comparative Biomechanical Analysis in Cadaveric Specimens
Authors: Morikawa Daichi , Huleatt Joel B. , Muench Lukas N. , Kia Cameron , Berthold Daniel P. , Cote Mark P. , Obopilwe Elifho , Kelolli Denis , Scheiderer Bastian , Mazzocca Augustus D.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Persistent posterior instability of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a reported complication after isolated coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction. Thus, multiple techniques have been proposed attempting to restore biomechanics of the AC ligament complex (ACLC).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to evaluate the posterior translational and rotational stability of an ACLC reconstruction with a dermal allograft (ACLC patch) as compared with 3 suture brace constructs. It was hypothesized that the ACLC patch would better restore AC joint posterior stability.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 28 cadaveric shoulders (mean ± SD age, 57.6 ± 8.3 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 surgical techniques: ACLC patch, oblique brace, anterior brace, and x-frame brace. The force and torque to achieve 10 mm of posterior translation and 20° of posterior rotation of the AC joint were recorded in the following conditions: intact, transected ACLC, ACLC patch/brace repair, ACLC patch/brace repair with dissected CC ligaments, and ACLC patch/brace repair with CC ligament repair.

Results:

For posterior translation, transection of the ACLC reduced resistance to 16.7% of the native. With the native CC ligaments intact, the ACLC patch (59.1%), oblique brace (54.1%), and anterior brace (60.7%) provided significantly greater stability than the x-frame brace (33.2%; P < .001, P = .008, P < .001, respectively). ACLC patch, oblique brace, and anterior brace continued to have significantly higher posterior translational resistance than the x-frame (35.1%; P < .001, P = .003, P < .001) after transection and subsequent CC ligament repair. For posterior rotation, transection of the ACLC decreased the resistance to 5.4% of the intact state. With the CC ligaments intact, the ACLC patch (77.1%) better restored posterior rotational stability than the oblique (35.3%), anterior (48.5%), and x-frame (23.0%) brace repairs ( P < .001, P = .002, P < .001). CC ligament transection and subsequent repair demonstrated the ACLC patch (41.0%) to have improved stability when compared with the oblique (16.0%), anterior (14.0%), and x-frame (12.7%) repairs ( P = .006, P = .003, P = .002).

Conclusion:

ACLC reconstruction with a dermal allograft better restored native posterior rotational stability than other brace constructs, with translational stability similar to the oblique and anterior brace technique at the time of surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

Horizontal stability of the AC joint is primarily controlled by the ACLC. Inability to restore AC joint biomechanics can result in persistent posterior instability and lead to functional impairment.
Revisiting Lukács’ theory of realism
Authors: Tihanov Galin
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on Georg Lukács, for it is in his work, and the attendant debates and disagreements, that an entire constellation of questions around Realism is first compellingly formulated. The purpose of the paper is to revisit Lukács’ theory of realism as a response to a host of mainstream currents shaping the landscape of Continental philosophy in the first three decades of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the problem of form and truth at the core of Lukács’ theory of realism.
Production Regimes and Class Compromise Among European Warehouse Workers
Authors: Dörflinger Nadja , Pulignano Valeria , Vallas Steven P.
Published: July 2020

The orderly functioning of global capitalism increasingly depends on the labor of logistics workers. But social scientists have yet to produce nuanced accounts of the labor process in the many ports, warehouses, and distribution centers that lie at the heart of logistics work. In this study, the authors seek to connect the nascent field of critical logistics studies to theories of the labor process in an effort to understand the production regimes that arise in warehouse work under different economic and regulatory conditions. Using qualitative data gathered at four European warehouses owned by the same third-party logistics firm, the authors identify several distinct types of production regimes at these warehouses and analyze the conditions accounting for each. Even in this globally oriented industry in which firms seek to standardize their international operations, locally rooted conditions play a significant role, generating sharply different forms of labor control even within the same firm.
A low-cost machinability approach to accelerate titanium alloy development
Authors: Dredge Chris , M’Saoubi Rachid , Thomas Ben , Hatt Oliver , Thomas Meurig , Jackson Martin
Published: July 2020

Machining is often the most expensive manufacturing process step when producing titanium alloy components. With a move towards higher metal removal rates to meet aircraft orders, it is important to develop rapid, low-cost methods that assess the machinability of titanium alloys and cutting tool combinations. A cost-effective, small-scale methodology has been developed and validated on the industrial scale using high-speed turning to inform on the machining characteristics of commercial and emerging titanium alloys to aid companies in future developments of new titanium alloys and cutting tool materials. The article demonstrates, using the titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) and TIMETAL 407® (Ti-407), that a series of early stage, small-scale methods can identify key machinability characteristics including chip form, tool wear, cutting force and surface damage. It can be concluded using these low-cost machinability assessment methods that Ti-407 exhibits better machining properties to Ti-64 for the aspects of machinability focused on cutting forces and tool wear, whereas the contrary is found for subsurface microstructural features and chip control.
Product optimization design based on online review and orthogonal experiment under the background of big data
Authors: Liu Hang , Cui Tao , He Mingxin
Published: July 2020

The individuation and diversity of customer demands motivates enterprises to compete in various aspects of services, such as product categories, cost, performance, marketing and after-sales service. Among them, product optimization design is the most important link, which determines whether an enterprise can achieve sustainable development in the market of fierce competition. For this reason, enterprises must implement various competitive strategies in terms of product diversity and characteristics. To solve this challenge, optimizing innovative product design is the key to help enterprises gain competitive advantage in the market. This paper presents a product optimization design based on online review and orthogonal experiment under the background of big data to meet customer needs. First, the big data of online reviews are collected from the web platform through the data collector, and the original data are processed by the apriori algorithm. Secondly, the fuzzy clustering was used to analyze the processed online reviews data to obtain customer needs. Finally, the product is optimized by orthogonal test based on customer needs. This paper analyzes the case of Huawei Honor 9 mobile phone, and obtains that the product appearance is the most concerned and dissatisfied product attribute of customers, and then optimizes the design of product appearance to improve customer satisfaction. Through this method, enterprises can improve the design of products according to the needs of customers in time, effectively overcome the defects of products, and help enterprises to establish a good relationship with customers, so as to promote the sustainable development of enterprises in the competitive market.
Computational modeling of media flow through perfusion-based bioreactors for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Bohlouli Mahboubeh , Adavi Kazem , Paknejad Zahrasadat , Rezai Rad Maryam , khani Mohammad Mehdi , Salehi-Nik Nasim , Khojasteh Arash
Published: July 2020

Bioreactor system has been used in bone tissue engineering in order to simulate dynamic nature of bone tissue environments. Perfusion bioreactors have been reported as the most efficient types of shear-loading bioreactor. Also, combination of forces, such as rotation plus perfusion, has been reported to enhance cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. Mathematical modeling using sophisticated infrastructure processes could be helpful and streamline the development of functional grafts by estimating and defining an effective range of bioreactor settings for better augmentation of tissue engineering. This study is aimed to conduct computational modeling for newly designed bioreactors in order to alleviate the time and material consuming for evaluating bioreactor parameters and effect of fluid flow hydrodynamics (various amounts of shear stress) on osteogenesis. Also, biological assessments were performed in order to validate similar parameters under implementing the perfusion or rotating and perfusion fluid motions in bioreactors’ prototype. Finite element method was used to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic of fluid flow inside the bioreactors. The equations used in the simulation to calculate the velocity values and consequently the shear stress values include Navier–Stokes and Brinkman equations. It has been shown that rotational fluid motion in rotating and perfusion bioreactor produces more velocity and shear stress compared with perfusion bioreactor. Moreover, implementing the perfusion together with rotational force in rotating and perfusion bioreactors has been shown to have more cell proliferation and higher activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme as well as formation of extra cellular matrix sheet, as an indicator of bone-like tissue formation.
Incorporating a resilience lens into the social and urban transformation of informal settlements: the participatory upgrading process in Villa 20, Buenos Aires (2016–2020)
Authors: Almansi Florencia , Motta Jorge Martín , Hardoy Jorgelina
Published: July 2020

Based on the experiences of the socio-urban integration of Villa 20, this article suggests that upgrading processes are inherently complex and challenge traditional public policy implementation practices. The case presented demonstrates that, when complex urban problems are addressed through citizen participation, they contribute to improving urban governance, providing comprehensive responses, and may ensure the long-term sustainability of the introduced changes. Incorporating a climate resilience lens into the upgrading processes of informal settlements has not been a priority in government-led programmes to date. However, when these processes have at their core a deep participatory and collaborative approach, they offer a window of opportunity not only to transform government practices and policies, but also to influence urban designs, bring technological innovation, support alternative construction practices, and adopt a more sustainable and inclusive urban development pathway.
Do energy efficiency building codes help minimize the efficiency gap in the U.S.? A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Koirala Bishwa S , Bohara Alok K
Published: July 2020

This study estimates the effects of energy efficiency policy in the residential sector using panel data of 48 contiguous states starting from 1970 to 2017. To avoid any unobserved heterogeneity and facilitate efficiency in estimation, this study employs a Dynamic Panel Data model with a two-step Generalized Method of Moments technique. The results suggest that energy efficiency policy for the residential sector has saved about 8.6 percent in energy consumption, which is about 22 percent of the total stated saving, leaving an energy efficiency gap of 1.5771 quadrillion Btu. Consistent with previous estimations, this study finds that theoretical saving amounts overestimate energy efficiency output and overinflate the increase in potential energy efficiency by about 32 percent. Since energy efficiency policy has failed to achieve the stated amount of saving in the residential sector, households have no incentive to adopt the energy efficiency policy, which has created an unusual gap in energy efficiency.
Pitch Syntax as an Evolutionary Prelingual Innovation
Authors: Podlipniak Piotr
Published: July 2020

Pitch syntax is an important part of musical syntax. It is a complex hierarchical system that involves generative production and perception based on pitch. Because hierarchical systems are also present in language grammar, the processing of a pitch hierarchy is predominantly explained by the activity of cognitive mechanisms that are not solely specific to music. However, in contrast to the processing of language grammar, which is mainly cognitive in nature, the processing of pitch syntax includes subtle emotional sensations that are often described in terms of tension and resolution or instability and stability. This difference suggests that the very nature of pitch syntax may be evolutionarily older than grammar in language, and has served another adaptive function. The aim of this paper is to indicate that the recognition of pitch structure may be a separate ability, rather than merely being part of general syntactic processing. It is also proposed that pitch syntax has evolved as a specific tool for social bonding in which subtle emotions of tension and resolution are indications of mutual trust. From this perspective, it is considered that musical pitch started to act as a medium of communication by the means of spectral synchronization between the brains of hominins. Pitch syntax facilitated spectral synchronization between performers of a well-established, enduring, communal ritual and in this way increased social cohesion. This process led to the evolution of new cortico-subcortical pathways that enabled the implicit learning of pitch hierarchy and the intuitive use of pitch structure in music before language, as we know it now, began.
Up-to-date review of psychotherapy via videoconference: implications and recommendations for the RANZCP Psychotherapy Written Case during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chherawala Nabil , Gill Shane
Published: July 2020

Objective:

There has been a surge in videoconferencing technology use in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. RANZCP registrars engaged in the Psychotherapy Written Case are met with new challenges in navigating the psychodynamic processes that can occur when transitioning from in-person to videoconferencing psychotherapy. There is also a myriad of videoconferencing platforms to choose from.

Conclusion:

It has become necessary to adapt our clinical practice to the current COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing regulations. The literature recognises videoconferencing psychotherapy as a valid therapeutic medium which can facilitate healthy psychological maturation, but there are theoretical drawbacks. A transition to videoconferencing psychotherapy requires patient agreeability, consistency and reflection upon patient–therapist dynamics; this will aide in the Psychotherapy Written Case submission. Registrars must balance usability, digital security and patient preferences when choosing videoconferencing platforms.
Characterization and modeling of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Ardehali Nader Mohseni , Hemmatian Masoud , Sedaghati Ramin
Published: July 2020

Hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers are novel magnetoactive materials in which, unlike the soft particle–based magnetorheological elastomers, the particles provide magnetic poles inside the elastomeric medium. Therefore, the stiffness of the hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers can be increased or decreased by applying the magnetic field in the same or opposite direction as the magnetic poles, respectively. In the present work, the viscoelastic properties of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers operating in shear mode have been experimentally characterized. For this purpose, hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers with 15% volume fraction of NdFeB magnetic particles have been fabricated and then tested under oscillatory shear motion advanced rotational magneto-rheometer to investigate their viscoelastic behavior under varying excitation frequency and magnetic flux density. The influence of the shear strain amplitude and driving frequency is examined under various levels of applied magnetic field ranging from −0.2 to 1.0 T. Finally, a field-dependent phenomenological model has been proposed to predict the variation of storage and loss moduli of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers under varying excitation frequency and applied magnetic flux density. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the viscoelastic behavior of hard magnetic particle–based magnetorheological elastomers under various working conditions.
Moral emotions when reading quotidian circumstances in contexts of violence: an fMRI study
Authors: Atilano-Barbosa Daniel , Paredes Lorena , Enciso Froylán , Pasaye Erick H , Mercadillo Roberto E
Published: July 2020

The increase of violence in Mexico and consequent suffering during the last decades is evident, but its effects over feelings and moral judgments remain uncertain. We used journalistic news showing real-life situations to investigate the effects of facing violence over the experience of four moral emotions which represent powerful impulses for social actions in situations of suffering linked to violence: Negative Compassion, Positive Compassion, Schadenfreude, and Indignation. We evaluate brain activation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during three cognitive conditions: reading, introspection, and resting. When reading the news, only Indignation-evoking stimuli elicited salient brain activations in the posterior cerebellum, and temporal and parietal cortical regions, whose functions are related to anger experiences and processing of socially relevant circumstances. When introspecting the emotional experience, cerebellar, frontal, parietal, and occipital activations related to self-focused experiences were observed for all emotions. When resting after facing the stimuli, only the Negative Compassion emotion elicited brain activations in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus related to emotional self-reference processing; thus, negative compassion may produce more perdurable cognitive-affective effects related to sadness while perceiving suffering in others. Our results may suggest different emotional-based social decisions to face suffering and violence and to motivate pro-social actions in the collectivistic Mexican culture.
Self-Concept Profiles of Youth at Risk for Maladaptive Behaviors
Authors: Schultz Celeste M. , Corte Colleen
Published: July 2020

Early alcohol use places youth at risk for adverse health, academic, and legal consequences. We examined the content of the total array of self-cognitions in urban youth to determine whether specific self-concept profiles were associated with early drinking, drinking-related self-cognitions, and conduct problems. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study with 9- to 12-year-old predominantly Black and Hispanic youth ( N = 79) who attended urban school and summer youth programs. Measures included an open-ended self-description task and questionnaires to measure presence/absence of a drinking-related self-cognition, alcohol use, and conduct problems. We content analyzed 677 self-descriptors; cluster analysis revealed six unique self-concept profile groups. In a cluster group distinguished by negative self-content, 37% drank alcohol and 42% had a drinking-related self-cognition. Youth in this group also had conduct problems. School nurses are in prime positions to identify and intervene with youth who have at-risk self-concept profiles.