bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birth month and infant gross motor development: Results from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Yasumitsu-Lovell Kahoko , Thompson Lucy , Fernell Elisabeth , Eitoku Masamitsu , Suganuma Narufumi , Gillberg Christopher ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: May 2021

The association between birth month and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders has been investigated in a number of previous studies; however, the results have been inconsistent. This study investigated the association between birth month and child gross motor development at 6 and 12 months of age in a large cohort of infants (n = 72,203) participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). Gross motor development was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). At 6 months and 12 months, 20.7% and 14.2%, respectively, had ASQ-3 indications of gross motor problems. Birth month was strongly associated with gross motor development at both time points, particularly at 6 months. Summer-born infants had the worst outcomes at both 6 months and 12 months of age. This outcome applied to the ASQ-3 score itself and to the adjusted Relative Risk (aRR), with the highest aRRs (relative to January-born) among August-born (aRR 2.51; 95%CI 2.27–2.78 at 6 months), and June-born (aRR 1.84; 95%CI 1.63–2.09 at 12 months). Boys had better scores than girls both at 6 and 12 months of age. We speculate that seasonal factors—such as maternal vitamin D deficiency and influenza infection—affecting the fetus in early pregnancy might account for the findings.
Psychological support in general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in France: Needs and access
Authors: Alleaume Caroline , Verger Pierre , Peretti-Watel Patrick ,   the COCONEL Group
Published: May 2021

Introduction

With France one of the European countries most strongly affected by COVID-19 in the spring of 2020, French authorities imposed a nationwide lockdown for 8 weeks (March 17–May 10). This study explored the perception of the adult population about the need for—and access to—psychological support from health care professionals (HCP) in response to concerns about the psychological needs during lockdown.

Material and method

This online cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the adult general population of mainland France (N = 2,003) took place during the last four days of the French lockdown (May 7–10, 2020).

Results

One in eight respondents (12.2%) perceived a need for psychological support from an HCP during the lockdown; most had symptoms of depression and/or anxiety of at least moderate intensity. Only a third (29.8%, 3.6% of the entire sample) actually obtained this support. Factors associated with this perceived need included: age under 35, economic difficulties due to lockdown, pre-lockdown use of psychological support, infection with COVID-19, serious worries about becoming infected, and heavy media use to obtain information about the disease. Among those who perceived a need for psychological support, the elderly were the most likely not to consult an HCP. People aged 35–64, those with high income, and those seriously worried about developing COVID-19 were the most likely to forgo seeking access to care because of their fear of infection by the coronavirus-2019.

Conclusion

The perceived need for psychological support from an HCP and access to it appeared to be strongly associated with COVID-19 exposure factor. More research about this association is needed to improve the health authorities’ understanding of the population’s psychological needs in this situation and to enhance HCPs’ abilities to meet them. In particular, further research of its specific impact on youth is necessary.
Environmental impacts, water footprint and cumulative energy demand of match industry in Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Najeeb , Bano Syeda Asma , Habiba Ume , Sabir Maimoona , Akhtar Andleeb , Ramzan Samreen , Shoukat Ayesha , Israr Muhammad , Shah Sher , Nizami Syed Moazzam , Hussain Majid
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the matchsticks industry in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan to quantify environmental footprint, water footprint, cumulative energy use, and to identify improvement opportunities in the matchsticks manufacturing process. One carton of matchsticks was used as reference unit for this study. Foreground data was collected from the matchsticks industry through questionnaire surveys, personal meetings, and field measurements. The collected data was transformed into potential environmental impacts through the Centre for Environment Studies (CML) 2000 v.2.05 method present by default in the SimaPro v.9.1 software. Water footprint was calculated using methodology developed by Hoekstra et al., 2012 (water scarcity index) V1.02 and cumulative energy demand by SimaPro v.9.1 software. The results showed that transport of primary material (wood logs), sawn wood for matchsticks, red phosphorous, acrylic varnish, and kerosene fuel oil contributed to the overall environmental impacts. Transport of primary materials and sawn timber for matchsticks contributed significantly to abiotic depletion, global warming, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion, corrosion, human toxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity effects. The total water footprint for manufacturing one carton of matchsticks was 0.265332 m3, whereas the total cumulative energy demand was 715.860 Mega Joules (MJ), mainly sourced from non-renewable fossil fuels (708.979 MJ). Scenario analysis was also conducted for 20% and 30% reduction in the primary material distance covered by trucks and revealed that reducing direct material transport distances could diminish environmental impacts and energy consumption. Therefore, environmental footprint could be minimized through diverting matchsticks industries freight from indigenous routes to high mobility highways and by promoting industrial forestry close to industrial zones in Pakistan. Many industries did not have emissions control systems, exceeding the permissible limit for emissions established by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan. Thus, installation of emissions control system could also diminish emissions from match industry in Pakistan.
Value of quantitative analysis in lung computed tomography in patients severely ill with COVID-19
Authors: Rorat Marta , Jurek Tomasz , Simon Krzysztof , Guziński Maciej
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is used to objectively assess the degree of parenchymal impairment in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and methods

Retrospective study on 61 COVID-19 patients (severe and non-severe; 33 men, age 63+/-15 years) who underwent a CT scan due to tachypnea, dyspnoea or desaturation. QCT was performed using VCAR software. Patients’ clinical data was collected, including laboratory results and oxygenation support. The optimal cut-off point for CT parameters for predicting death and respiratory support was performed by maximizing the Youden Index in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

The analysis revealed significantly greater progression of changes: ground-glass opacities (GGO) (31,42% v 13,89%, p<0.001), consolidation (11,85% v 3,32%, p<0.001) in patients with severe disease compared to non-severe disease. Five lobes were involved in all patients with severe disease. In non-severe patients, a positive correlation was found between severity of GGO, consolidation and emphysema and sex, tachypnea, chest x-ray (CXR) score on admission and laboratory parameters: CRP, D-dimer, ALT, lymphocyte count and lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio. In the group of severe patients, a correlation was found between sex, creatinine level and death. ROC analysis on death prediction was used to establish the cut-off point for GGO at 24.3% (AUC 0.8878, 95% CI 0.7889–0.9866; sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 75.5%), 5.6% for consolidation (AUC 0.7466, 95% CI 0.6009–0.8923; sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 59.2%), and 37.8% for total (GGO+consolidation) (AUC 0.8622, 95% CI 0.7525–0.972; sensitivity 75%, specificity 83.7%). The cut-off point for predicting respiratory support was established for GGO at 18.7% (AUC 0.7611, 95% CI 0.6268–0.8954; sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.4%), consolidation at 3.88% (AUC 0.7438, 95% CI 0.6146–0.8729; sensitivity 100%, specificity 46.7%), and total at 23.5% (AUC 0.7931, 95% CI 0.673–0.9131; sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 57.8%).

Conclusion

QCT is a good diagnostic tool which facilitates decision-making regarding intensification of oxygen support and transfer to an intensive care unit in patients severely ill with COVID-19 pneumonia. QCT can make an independent and simple screening tool to assess the risk of death, regardless of clinical symptoms. Usefulness of QCT to predict the risk of death is higher than to assess the indications for respiratory support.
Acceptability of a nurse-led, person-centred, anticipatory care planning intervention for older people at risk of functional decline: A qualitative study
Authors: Corry Dagmar A. S. , Doherty Julie , Carter Gillian , Doyle Frank , Fahey Tom , O’Halloran Peter , McGlade Kieran , Wallace Emma , Brazil Kevin
Published: May 2021

Background

As the population of older adults increases, the complexity of care required to support those who choose to remain in the community amplifies. Anticipatory Care Planning (ACP), through earlier identification of healthcare needs, is evidenced to improve quality of life, decrease aggressive interventions, and prolong life. With patient acceptability of growing importance in the design, implementation, and evaluation of healthcare interventions, this study reports on the acceptability of a primary care based ACP intervention on the island of Ireland.

Methods

As part of the evaluation of a feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) testing an ACP intervention for older people at risk of functional decline, intervention participants [n = 34] were interviewed in their homes at 10-week follow-up to determine acceptability. The intervention consisted of home visits by specifically trained registered nurses who assessed participants’ health, discussed their health goals and plans, and devised an anticipatory care plan in collaboration with participants’ GPs and adjunct clinical pharmacist. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze interview data. The feasibility cRCT involved eight general practitioner (GP) practices as cluster sites, stratified by jurisdiction, four in Northern Ireland (NI) (two intervention, two control), and four in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) (two intervention, two control). Participants were assessed for risk of functional decline. A total of 34 patients received the intervention and 31 received usual care.

Findings

Thematic analysis resulted in five main themes: timing of intervention, understanding of ACP, personality & individual differences, loneliness & social isolation, and views on healthcare provision. These map across the Four Factor Model of Acceptability (‘4FMA’), a newly developed conceptual framework comprising four components: intervention factors, personal factors, social support factors, and healthcare provision factors.

Conclusion

Acceptability of this primary care based ACP intervention was high, with nurses’ home visits, GP anchorage, multidisciplinary working, personalized approach, and active listening regarded as beneficial. Appropriate timing, and patient health education emerged as vital.
Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome
Authors: NuggedAlla Motaz Ahmed Abdelrahman , Abdulghani Yasser Seddeg , Osman Omer Ahmed Mirghani , Babikir Haydar ElHadi
Published: May 2021

Background
The neonatal morbidity and mortality is very high in the Sudan, the umbilical cord association and contribution to this is planned to be answered. Therefore the present study was designed to provide some information on the morphological variations of human umbilical cord via gross anatomical assessment and their correlation with foetal factors such as foetal weight and length.

Methods
A prospective hospital - based study conducted in Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between July 2014 and March 2018

Results
The mean diameter of the 371 umbilical cords was 2.1±0.24cm. Length was 53.8±3.8 cm length ranging from 48 – 62 cm and 10 (2.7%) of 371 umbilical cords were uncoiled. of which, 1 (0.3%) cords were with absent Wharton’s Jelly. The mean neonatal indices were 2.95 kg, 33.19 cm and 44.42 cm for weight, head circumference and length respectively. There was just significant strong positive correlation between umbilical cord length and length of neonates. Also Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with length of neonates and negative correlation with weight of neonates and APGAR Score.

Conclusion
The present study suggests that ‘normal’ cord length should be between 40 cm and 70 cm in length. Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with fetal length and negative correlation with fetal weight and APGAR score. The diameter range of 1-2 cm suggests that a normal cord must not exceed 2 cm in diameter. However the umbilical cord index had negative correlation with length of neonates.
Wrist Wearable Health Band for COVID-19 Testing
Authors: Kanishkar K. , Raghul V. , Nithish Sai , Raj A. Stanley
Published: May 2021

Testing people for COVID-19 in a country like India with a huge population is a near impossible task therefore the government is using body temperature as a testing parameter to cover the whole population. Infrared thermometers are used to find the temperature because it is a cheaper and faster way. This testing rate can be done even faster, without the need of manpower and with far more accuracy using smart watches and bands. These wrist-wearables are mostly used for fitness purposes which have more measuring equipment that is used for preliminary testing done for COVID. This equipment’s are in the form of electric sensors which are small enough to be used in wearables. So we can get even more insight and accuracy compared to the standard method. In this study an application is created to use an array of sensors (Pulse sensor, Pulse oximeter, Accelerometer and temperature sensor) are being used in these wearables to find the chance, that a person is affected due to COVID-19 and the information can be seen real time in mobile phone through the application. All the information can be sent to the health organization’s if required.
Covid-19 Virus Sterilization Oven Based on Combination Between Ultraviolet and Infrared Emissions
Authors: Shehataa Mohamed , Adel Abdelrahman , Hafez Alaa , El-Hady Ahmed , Youssef Mohamed , Mabrouk Mohamed
Published: May 2021

The world is countering an unexpected wide spread of Covid-19 virus. Among the procedures used to prevent spreading the virus are classical and modern sterilization methods. In this paper, we combine the use of ultraviolet emissions, as a modern method, with the infrared emissions that generates high temperature, as a classical method, to design and implement a sterilization oven. Ultraviolet emissions have the ability to destroy the RNA of the virus while the infrared emissions destroy the virus membrane. Test was performed on indicators contains +ve gram rod bacteria which is stronger than the Covid-19 virus in high temperature and UV emission tolerant. Results showed that the UV emissions killed the microorganism in 15 minutes. However, combination between the UV and IR emissions in a sterilization oven succeeded to kill the under test microorganism in five minutes. The combination between the two sources of emission guarantees an effective sterilization process against bacteria, fungus, and viruses. Moreover, it speeds up the sterilization process time.
Big Data Research: Database and Computing
Authors: Bai Qifeng
Published: May 2021

Big data research has become popular and exciting studies in almost all scientific fields such as biology, chemistry, epidemiology, medicine and drug discovery. The various systems and platforms produce large amounts of data every day. It will be very helpful for the researchers and workers to deal with big data if the practical database and useful software are introduced in time. The Journal of Big Data Research (JBR) supplies an efficient and open access publishing platform for big data research. The first issue of JBR aims to foster the dissemination of high-quality big data studies in the biological, medical and chemical database as well as the new algorithm and software for big data processing. The database and computing framework are selected to introduce the development of big data in the biological, medicine and drug discovery. The mature and functional database can be serviced in big data research of scientific fields. It promotes the scientists to extract the useful and essential dataset from the massive data. The grid computing and cloud computing supplies a new paradigm that offers an effective framework of computing and services. The research papers are welcomed from the scopes of the practical database, new algorithm and software for big data studies. All these kinds of papers not only provide the effective application methods and platforms, but also give a good promising future for big data research.
Emma Frost, the White Queen
Authors: Reynolds Richard
Published: May 2021

Initially a ruthless and hypersexualized operative for the Hellfire Club, Emma Frost has transformed into a core member and leader of the X-Men. Frost engages with the world on her own terms, bypassing many of the stereotypes attached to superheroines. Her challenging personality functions as a dark mirror for other characters in the saga, inscribing emotions and attitudes that implicitly question the values of the X-Men and of the genre to which they belong. Focusing chiefly on her membership of the X-Men and her part in key developments of the Marvel Universe in the 21st Century, this chapter examines Emma Frost as exemplifying Butler’s concept of gender performativity as an explicit aspect of her superpowers. It explores whether the limitations of hegemonic masculinity can offer a way out and asks whether it is possible to consciously exploit hegemonic narratives in order to affect change.
On Violation
Authors: Pizzino Christopher
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the relationship between the marginalized cultural status of comics and the phenomenology of comics reading. When anti-comics discourse was most influential in the middle of the twentieth century, it targeted aspects of the comics reading experience—particularly comic books’ complex relationship to the reader’s body—that strongly distinguished this experience from that of reading conventional print literature. Such differences remain resonant today, and help to explain how and why comics, as a medium that is especially phenomenologically reactive, do not generally evince the same relationship between form and legitimacy that has typified the novel as a genre.
Theological “Seeing” of Law
Authors: Peters Timothy D.
Published: May 2021

This chapter argues that comics involve a form of critical seeing—and, in particular, a critical seeing of law. It analyzes not just what it is that we see when we read or view comics, but a way of ‘seeing’ both law and the world ‘with’ comics. Drawing upon the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the chapter begins to elaborate a phenomenological analysis of comics as encompassing this form of critical legal visuality through a reading of the superhero character Daredevil and his comics. It argues that Daredevil involves an intertwining of legal and theological accounts of the world, which is reflected in the formal aspects of the comics. It demonstrates how the theological ‘seeing with’ the comics form invokes a greater sense of encountering and experiencing the world as real, as actual and with which we should engage, involving a possibility of re-forming our approach to the law.
The Freedom of the Press
Authors: Gray Maggie
Published: May 2021

This chapter engages with important strands of scholarship on comics work, arguing for a critical comics studies that attends to the political economy, social relations, and material processes of production. It examines the relationship between struggles over the organization of cultural labor and the forms of value inscribed in comics, via the case study of a specific site of British comics production that reimagined how comics work could be organized and the artistic value comics could have– the cooperative Birmingham Arts Lab Press (1969-1982) and its Ar:Zak imprint. Bringing together archival inquiry and participant interviews, wider historical research into the arts lab, alternative press, community arts and underground/alternative comics movements, and Marxist political and aesthetic theory, this chapter analyzes how struggles for an autonomous, democratized, participatory creative practice that took place within this context of comics production were embodied in the material and visual form of the comics made.
Women’s Cartoons and Comics in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Streeten Nicola
Published: May 2021

Streeten draws on Simone Lia’s graphic novel Fluffy (2005, Jonathan Cape) to demonstrate how humor combines with the comics form to address and quietly challenge assumptions around childcare, parenting, and masculinity. Streeten’s consideration is part of her wider thesis that the humorous cartoon and comic has been an essential element of feminist activism in the UK, supporting serious political messages. Her claim is that the structures built by feminist activity have made the buoyant position and visibility of women cartoonists in the UK today possible. The role of humor in this history, has been an essential, yet little recognized aspect.
Politicization of Life and Auto-Thanatopolitics in V for Vendetta
Authors: Maksimov Vladislav
Published: May 2021

This chapter offers a biopolitical reading of V for Vendetta using Giorgio Agamben’s topology of sovereign power and bare life. The chapter problematizes the boundaries of sovereign power, arguing that in the zone of indistinction, where bare life and the sovereign come closest to one another in an inextricable bond, by the inability to complete a thanatopolitical act bare life can absorb the potentiality of sovereign violence. Bare life cannot be liberated in the proper sense because its appearance is tied to the politicization of animal life through sovereign power. However, as violence reaches its apogee and biopolitics become thanatopolitics, bare life comes closest to the source of its creation. The chapter concludes by arguing that as the camp encompasses all aspects of life, the dynamics between sovereign power and bare life turn not dis-uniting or emancipatory, but rather “transformative,” “transfigurative” and ultimately, auto-destructive.
“Destructive Interim Formation”
Authors: Giddens Thomas
Published: May 2021

This chapter seeks to invoke the graceful and relentless violence of John Hicklenton’s 100 Months in a bombardment of theoretical elaboration that, with Benjamin, explores the violent quality of critique: created in Hicklenton’s final moments before ending his own life at Dignitas. 100 Months tears down the perception that capitalism has made the world dehumanized, commodified, and godless, and portrays the journey of Mara—the soul of the Earth—in her relentless evisceration of the ‘Longpig paradise’ that represents the cannibalization of the subject under the pursuit of profit, of capital, of coin, and whilst Mara may be the ‘feminine destructive principle’, the ‘end of all things’, amidst the blood and horror, the splatter and sinew, her trajectory presents a change that indicates her temporary form, thus reflecting the violent and temporary quality of critique itself: ‘You may call me … the destructive interim formation’.
Intermission
Authors: Yogerst Chris
Published: May 2021

On September 17, California Governor Culbert L. Olson mailed a letter of protest to the US Senate subcommittee on motion-picture propaganda. Addressing the letter to senator and subcommittee chairman D. Worth Clark, Olson wrote on behalf of the home state of Hollywood that California “looks with disfavor upon the implications of your committee’s investigation, not because this important industry of our state has anything to fear from such investigation, but because the investigation itself is considered an unjustifiable attack upon it.”...
The Authenticating Collaborators of White Jazz Autobiography
Authors: Marin Reva
Published: May 2021

Most white jazz autobiographies credit another author or collaborator in addition to the autobiographical subject. This chapter considers the role of these other voices—the collaborator, amanuensis, or explainer—in shaping the process of authentication that is a central theme of these texts. How and for what purpose do they attempt to legitimate the autobiographical subject, to convince the reader of his worthiness as a jazz musician and also as a figure of cultural and literary significance? White jazz autobiographers represented a unique set of challenges for their collaborators, who responded by establishing ideological positions that resembled (with variations) those drawn by the contestants of the jazz wars of the 1930s to the 1960s. Central to these ideological expressions was an extraordinary concern with contesting the origins, meanings, and performance of jazz along racial and ethnic lines.
Race and Place and the Construction of Jazz Authenticity: New Orleanian Autobiographers Tom Sancton and “Wingy” Manone
Authors: Marin Reva
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers accounts of jazz interracialism offered by New Orleanian-raised musicians Tom Sancton and “Wingy” Manone. Although separated by two generations and sharply divergent socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, Manone and Sancton both foreground the significance of their immersion experiences in New Orleans’ complex multiracial and multicultural environments in shaping their views on race and jazz authenticity. In contrast to Bob Wilber’s colorblind view of jazz history and his geographical distance from New Orleans, Manone and Sancton establish race and place as key to their constructions of their jazz selves. Their rich descriptions of the cultural practices and landmarks of New Orleans—the second line, fish fries, the blackberry woman, Preservation Hall, among others—offer compelling evidence of the city’s unique cultural mixing that was central to the development of jazz.
Don Asher’s Fictional-Real Jazz World
Authors: Marin Reva
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the life and writings of Don Asher, who studied with pianist Jaki Byard before embarking on a career as a New England society band and honkytonk pianist and later as a nightclub pianist in San Francisco, including a long stint at the famed hungry i. Asher was also a novelist, short-story writer, essayist, and collaborator, and analysis of selected works of his fiction and nonfiction uncovers his enduring and sometimes transgressive fascination with African American music and culture. While Asher’s work appears to illustrate “the problem with white hipness” (Ingrid Monson) or “love and theft” (Eric Lott), his ethnic satire was aimed not only at African Americans but also at other groups—Italians, Irish, Jews—as well as at himself and his fictional counterparts. This chapter considers the rich stew of literary and performance traditions in which Asher found models for his satirical, comedic impulses.
Conclusion
Authors: Marin Reva
Published: May 2021

Accounts of interracialism in white jazz autobiography may best be viewed as works in progress toward a more just society, comparable to the growing movement for gender justice in the contemporary jazz world. Unlike the more unsparing critiques of white appropriation and theft that leave little space for the positive elements of interracialism in popular culture, this book resists the cynicism and despair that come from the belief that individuals are powerless in the face of systemic racism; rather, it proposes a reading of jazz autobiography that stresses the importance of individuals in breaking down the social structures upon which racist laws and institutions depend. Finally, it proposes that the accounts of these autobiographers—from the most embracing to the most virulent—provide rich material for teaching and studying twentieth-century US race history and offer paths for resisting the intolerance of our present time.
Legislative Power Weakened
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains how legislative power was weakened after the courts agreed with Attorney General Bill Allain that it was unconstitutional for legislators to serve on executive boards and commissions. This chapter discusses the most important separation of powers case in the state’s history, Alexander v. State of Mississippi by and Through Allain (1983). The court decision in the Alexander case resulted in the passage of the Mississippi Administrative Reorganization Act of 1984, which created a new budget making process. The reorganization act created the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC) and the Fiscal Management Board (FMB).
Executive–Legislative Conflict under Fordice
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

This Chapter discusses, for the most part, Governor Kirk Fordice, the first Republican Governor since Reconstruction, and his struggles with the Democrats that dominated both the Mississippi House and Mississippi Senate. It shows how the legislature disregarded Fordice’s conservative agenda. Chapter 6 looks at how separation of powers became an issue yet again between the executive and legislative branch, which forced the judicial branch to intervene once more in the case Fordice v. Bryan (1995)
Barbour, the Influential Executive
Authors: Pugh Brian
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses how Governor Haley Barbour successfully penetrated the legislatively dominated budget making process. It shows how Barbour did not increase the formal powers of the executive branch of government, but how he did increase the informal executive powers significantly. Chapter 8 explains how Barbour gained budget power through political relationships on the state and federal levels, which ultimately resulted in the state of Mississippi withstanding one of the worst storms in the nation’s history, Hurricane Katrina. Unlike his predecessor discussed in the previous chapter, Governor Barbour did not get a single gubernatorial veto overridden because of the party loyalty that he championed among Republicans.
Conclusion
Authors: Lambert Matthew M.
Published: May 2021

In this conclusion, the author reemphasizes arguments made within the preceding chapters. The Green Depression argues that depression-era American literature (and some films) depict ideas that would become associated with environmentalism in the second half of the twentieth century. She focuses on authors from the period whose work echoes changes in conservationist thought, in three areas in particular. Witnessing the severity of the period’s dust storms, widespread flooding, and use of atom bombs, depression-era authors began to more fully articulate the apocalyptic effects that humans can have on the environment. The conclusion highlights other questions that suggest the abundance of further work that can (and should) be done on the role of environmentalist thought in cultural works of the period.
Zack Snyder and the Professional Toxic Fanboy
Authors: Salter Anastasia , Stanfill Mel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 6 interrogates Snyder’s aspirations to auteur status, arguing that they are in tension with his one-note style that always goes darker, grittier, and more violent, no matter what. Snyder’s self-aggrandizement and unwillingness to move beyond his comfort zone join his strong attachment to a toxic masculinity rooted in extreme violence and his routine misogyny to make him the archetypical toxic fanboy. Despite—or perhaps because of—these characteristics, Snyder has a powerfully invested following, which he engages and cultivates through social media, making him a highly polarizing figure who remains at the center of fannish discourse even years after leaving a franchise behind.
Patty Jenkins, Ryan Coogler, Taika Waititi, and the Fan Auteur as L’autre
Authors: Salter Anastasia , Stanfill Mel
Published: May 2021

Chapter 7 first considers how these auteurs are similar to the norm, deploying the origin story of being fans since their youth. Next, the chapter interrogates how Jenkins and Coogler in particular are the subject of a mountain of superlatives, nearly always framed as being the most, the best, or the first at something. The chapter then explores the ways the auteur as Other tends to be held responsible for the continued success of their entire category. Fourth, the chapter parses out the uneven availability of auteurist opportunity for such figures, despite their successes. Finally, the chapter investigates how representation in these films is presented as tightly interwoven with the identities of the auteurs.
“The Salvation of the Negro”
Authors: Johnson Andre E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the arguments that Turner makes in favor of emigration. In promoting emigration as an option for African American well-being, Turner offered a third way in African American rhetorical discourse in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was through Turner’s prophetic pessimism and bearing witness to the ills faced by many African Americans during this time that gave many African Americans a sense of pride and the necessary courage to face whatever came their way. Though he knew he was fighting a losing cause, it is out of these arguments that Turner helps to lay the foundation of the Black Radical tradition.
Damaged
Authors: Rapport Evan
Published: May 2021

From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, American punk developed as a distinct musical style that reflected the tremendous upheaval in American society during this period. Raw and direct, punk presented an unvarnished view of changing ideas of race, the growth of American suburbia, and the heightened stakes of musical expressions of whiteness and Blackness. Damaged: Musicality and Race in Early American Punk traces the main factors at play in the punk style, including transformations to blues resources, experimental visions of the American musical past, and bold reworkings of the rock and roll and R&B sounds of the late 1950s and early 1960s—all in all, a historically oriented approach to rock that is strikingly different from the common myths and conceptions about punk. Eventually punk became a forum for new versions of older exchanges between the US and the UK, and the style reflected even more changes to American metropolitan areas and a shift from the expressions of older baby boomers to that of younger musicians belonging to Generation X. The book also explores the discourses and contradictory narratives of punk history, which are often in direct conflict with the world that is captured in historical documents and revealed through musical analysis.
Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequalities
Authors: Alrimawi Fadi , Abushaheen Fuad A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we give some Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequalities related to
two finite sequences of real nonnegative numbers. In particular, we prove
two inequalities which in some sense can be regarded as inverse Minkowski’s
inequalities concerning the cases

p
≥
2

{p\geq 2}

and

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

. Moreover, for

1
<
p
<
2

{1<p<2}

we prove another Minkowski–Clarkson’s type inequality.
Higher depth mock theta functions and q-hypergeometric series
Authors: Males Joshua , Mono Andreas , Rolen Larry
Published: May 2021

In the theory of harmonic Maaß forms and mock modular forms, mock theta functions are distinguished examples which arose from q-hypergeometric examples of Ramanujan. Recently, there has been a body of work on higher depth mock modular forms. Here, we introduce distinguished examples of these forms, which we call higher depth mock theta functions, and develop q-hypergeometric expressions for them.
We provide three examples of mock theta functions of depth two, each arising by multiplying a classical mock theta function with a certain specialization of a universal mock theta function. In addition, we give their modular completions, and relate each to a q-hypergeometric series.
The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mehdipour Asieh , Abedi Parvin , Ansari Somayeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of depression. Depression may negatively affect the quality of life of women. An emotional freedom technique (EFT) is an evidence-based therapy combining cognitive and exposure components with acupressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EFT on depression in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial in which 88 women with mild to moderate depression recruited from a menopausal clinic in Ahvaz, Iran, and randomly assigned into two groups of EFT (n=44) and control for sham therapy (n=44). Women in the EFT group received two sessions of training and asked to continue EFT for 8 weeks, one time per day. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2) completed by women before and after the intervention. The control group received training on sham acupressure points similar to the intervention group. Data collected using a demographic and BDI2. Women requested to complete the BDI2 before and after the intervention. The independent t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data.

Results

The mean depression score in the intervention group reduced from 20.93 ± 4.6 to 10.96 ± 4.38 in comparison to the control group that reduced from 19.18 ± 2.79 to 17.01 ± 6.05 after intervention (p=0.001). After the 8 week intervention, the frequency of moderate depression decreased from 56.8 to 9.35% in the intervention and from 50 to 29.5% in the control group. In total, 63.4 and 34.15% in the intervention and control groups were free of depression respectively after the intervention (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that using EFT for 8 weeks could significantly reduce the mean score of depression in postmenopausal women. Using this method in public health centers for postmenopausal women is recommended.
Technical specifications and spectral performance characteristics of dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) in optical fiber systems
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Helmy Ahmed , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: May 2021

This work has clarified the technical specifications and spectral performance characteristics of dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) in optical fiber systems. Effective nonlinear refractive index and first, second order polarization mode dispersion against spectral wavelength with fiber length of 1000 m and coupling length of 20 m are simulated and demonstrated. Total DFF fiber losses/dispersion performance parameters are investigated and simulated by using OptiFiber simulation. Zero DFF fiber dispersion and its dispersion slope are demonstrated clearly in details. The dominant modes and the cutoff data theoretical values based these modes for the proposed DFF fiber is determined and simulated in a clear manner.
Temperature-insensitive intensity-modulation liquid refractive index sensor based on fiber-optic Michelson probe structure
Authors: Zheng Chen , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , Huang Guojia , Wang Lian , Li Bangxing
Published: May 2021

A novel liquid refractive index sensor based on the connected single-mode fiber (SMF), no-core fiber (NCF), four-core fiber (FCF), and silver mirror (SM) to form an SMF–NCF–FCF–SM Michelson probe structure is proposed and fabricated. The change of light field in the probe structure has been simulated by the light-beam propagation method. The theoretical results show that light is excited in the NCF and couples into the cores and cladding of FCF at the junction of NCF and FCF. The interference fringes are generated between the cladding modes and core modes of FCF. The sensitivities of the probe in NaCl, sucrose, and glycerol are 171.75 dB/RIU, 121.41 dB/RIU, and 207.50 dB/RIU, respectively. The temperature sensitivity is 0.05 nm/°C, and the intensity change of temperature (≤0.046 dB/°C) is very small and has little effect on the liquid refractive index. Thus, the cross-sensitivity of temperature for the liquid refractive index can be removed. The proposed probe structure has the advantages of easy fabrication, good stability, and linear response, having potential application in the liquid refractive index monitoring environments.
Attitudes and Perceptions About Disclosing HIV and Syphilis Results Using Smarttest, a Smartphone App Dedicated to Self- and Partner Testing
Authors: Kutner Bryan A. , Pho Anthony T. , López-Rios Javier , Lentz Cody , Dolezal Curtis , Balán Iván C.
Published: May 2021

We explored interest in disclosing test results through a smartphone app dedicated to self- and partner testing for HIV/syphilis. Fifty-nine cisgender men and transgender women each participated in an in-person survey and interview. We examined their interests in sharing test results by audience (e.g., partners, physicians) and by positive versus negative test result. Participants wanted the ability to share results, with notable interest in disclosing negative results to sexual partners and on social media and forwarding positive results to physicians. Participants envisioned smartphone sharing as a means to normalize testing, to notify partners of results, and to expedite linkage to care. Some questioned the authenticity of results shared by smartphone, while others voiced optimism that a personalized, authenticated app could ensure the security and veracity of results. Smartphone testing apps for HIV/syphilis may facilitate disclosure, partner notification, and linkage to care, but need to address concerns about the security and veracity of results.
The Effect of Vacuum Pressure During Fabrication of Zinc Sulphide Thin Film Using Thermal Evaporator
Authors: Muzakir Saifful Kamaluddin , Balkhair Almashgari Bassam Khaleed
Published: May 2021

Zinc sulphide is a remarkable semiconductor material, with its highly demanded optical, electrical properties and its availability, it is used in the field of photovoltaic applications. The objectives are to investigate the effect of vacuum pressure on the glass substrate and the study different cluster models based on its crystal size. The ZnS thin films were fabricated using a thermal evaporator at the pressure of 10-5 Torr, 10-6 Torr, and 10-7 Torr. Four different size cluster models have been characterized theoretically. Each model was built based on the size of crystal structures, optimized to the lowest energy level, and evaluated as realistic clusters. The structural and optical properties of the thin films were studied using X-ray diffractometry, absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. Significant differences were observed in the crystal structure and optical properties of fabricated MoS2 thin films at different pressures.
Determination of The Shortest Route Based on BFS Algorithm for Purpose to Disaster Evacuation Shelter
Authors: Sularno Sularno , Mulya Dio Prima , Astri Renitra , Mulya Dwiki
Published: May 2021

Purus village in Padang City which has an area of 0.86 km2 consisting of 8 RW and 28 RT has a population of 8,075 people with a density of 11,875. As a result, people are always haunted by fear and always feel threatened if an earthquake occurs. If an earthquake and tsunami occur, what the community needs at that time is information about a safe zone that can be reached to save themselves and their families. For this reason, there needs to be an educational process for the community so that they have a culture of disaster awareness in the form of a system that is able to inform the community where the closest safe zone they can reach is the route they must take when a disaster strikes so that it can provide a sense of security because of safety guarantees. This study aims to determine the shortest route that can be taken by the user (community) during a disaster to reduce the risk of a greater number of victims by using the Breadth first search algorithm which is integrated into a web-based GIS application. By determining the starting point which is the user's position when the disaster occurs, and then determining the end point which is the location of the closest shelter, it will be possible to calculate the shortest distance that can be reached by the user at that time. The method chosen in this study is a waterfall because each step of the research carried out must be sequential and structured to avoid the risk of errors in each sequence of processes carried out. The results of this study can be proven by doing manual calculations to determine the shortest distance which will later be compared with the results of applications that have been designed using the BFS algorithm.
Identifying The Common Type of Spelling Error by Leveraging Levenshtein Distance and N-gram
Authors: Hardiyanti Margareta
Published: May 2021

A spelling error commonly occurs during document writing. It probably happens due to the authors’ vocabulary incompetence or they may strike the improper key in the keyboard. The types of errors that mostly appear such as insertion of an extra letter, deletion of one letter, substitution of one letter, or transposition of two adjacent letters. This study aims to identify the common type of spelling error and it uses the list of common misspelling words submitted by Wikipedia contributors.A brief overview of Levenshtein and N-gram distance techniques is provided to describe the technical approaches that support the author to achieve the purpose of this study.Those two techniques are utilised to predict the correct word of misspellings from the English dictionary.This study shows that Levenshtein works well to correct substitution single letter and transposition two sequenced letters, while N-gram operates effectively to fix the word with letter omission.The overall result is then evaluated by recall measurement to see which technique that works well on correcting the misspellings. Since the recall of Levenshtein is higher than N-gram, it is concluded that the frequency of misspelling words which are correctly fixed by Levenshteinoccurs more often.