bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making a just transition toward environmental sustainability a reality for SMEs
Authors: Biesalski Dominik , Chan Cheryl ,   International Labour Organization. Enterprises Department,,   SCORE (Programme, ILO)
Published: January 2025

This brief provides an overview of the approach and impact of the SCORE4Climate Training and takes stock of two years of experience in implementing it. In particular, it zooms into the experience from Kyrgyzstan, Bolivia and Mauritius and highlights the good practices and lessons learned for operationalizing a just transition at the enterprise level.
Een Stralende Toekomst in het Vooruitzicht?
Authors: Arslan Ildeniz
Published: January 2025

Dit proefschrift biedt inzicht in hoe individuele en contextuele factoren samenhangen met (mal)adaptief functioneren van kindertijd tot en met jongvolwassenheid. Gedrags- en emotionele problemen, persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling en ouder-adolescent conflict hingen samen met maladaptief én adaptief functioneren later in het leven. De bevindingen tonen aan dat we al vroeg in het leven tekenen kunnen zien van een positieve, stralende toekomst van kinderen. Het wordt aanbevolen om in onderzoek en praktijk niet alleen te richten op het voorkomen en herstellen van klachten bij kinderen, opvoeders en gezinnen, maar óók op het duurzaam versterken van krachten.
Petrov-Galerkin Lucas polynomials approach for solving the time-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Abdelghany Esraa Magdy , Abd-Elhameed Waleed Mohamed , Moatimid Galal Mahrous , Youssri Youssri Hassan , Atta Ahmed Gamal
Published: January 2025

In this research paper, a spectral method is used for numerically solving the time-fractional diffusion equation as the time fractional diffusion equations are a powerful tool for simulating physical systems. We employ the Lucas polynomials (LPs) with Petrov-Galerkin for the linear combination basis. The main idea of the proposed technique is to convert the governed boundary-value problem into a system of linear algebraic equations by applying the Petrov-Galerkin method. Many procedures can solve the resulting linear system. The method’s accuracy is shown through several examples.
Decoding impact of human papillomavirus in gynecological oncology: a narrative review
Authors: Sarker Md. Safiullah , Pervez Mohammed Moshtaq
Published: January 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key factor in gynecological oncology. This narrative review investigates the complex connection between HPV and various gynecological cancers. For a comprehensive exploration, we examined the association between persistent HPV infection and cervical cancer and its global prevalence. Beyond the cervix, we navigated the linkages between HPV and other gynecological malignancies, shedding light on vulvar, vaginal, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. The narrative extends to discuss the critical role of HPV vaccination in preventing these cancers and exploring challenges, controversies, and future perspectives in the field. As we have described the impact of HPV, this review underscores the significance of ongoing research and public health endeavors in shaping the trajectory of gynecological oncology.
Los marcos políticos de la violencia de género en España durante la XIV Legislatura (2019-2023)
Authors: Revilla-Blanco Marisa , Garrido-Ortolá Anabel
Published: January 2025

Durante la XIV Legislatura se desarrollaron propuestas legislativas que han abordado distintos aspectos de la violencia contra las mujeres, algunas de ellas avanzando en el reconocimiento de derechos y de diferentes tipos y efectos de la violencia. Las dos preguntas que guían este artículo abordan la consideración de los contenidos de los diferentes marcos políticos de la violencia hacia las mujeres y la comprensión de los factores clave que permiten definirlos. Para avanzar en su respuesta, se aplica un análisis de marcos a los debates sostenidos en la Comisión de Igualdad del Congreso que permite distinguir tres marcos en interacción que sustentan tres posiciones: la impugnatoria, la que mantiene el estado actual y la transformadora.
El consumo de carne en España. ¿Nos estamos haciendo vegetarianos?
Authors: García Espejo Isabel , Díaz Méndez Cecilia , Álvarez Rodríguez Adrián
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se aborda la evolución del consumo de carne en España con datos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (2006-2022) y la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2014- 2020). Por medio de regresiones logísticas se determinan las diferencias sociodemográficas y de estilos de vida que se ajustan más a la norma de alimentación saludable y de aquellos que comen más y menos carne. Los resultados indican que no se han producido cambios relevantes en el consumo de carne y verduras que puedan estar apuntando a nuevas tendencias de consumo. Al contrario de lo que sucede en otros países, en España prevalece el consumo de carne vinculado a grupos sociales con niveles ocupacionales y educativos altos. Las dietas vegetarianas tienen poca implantación y hay resistencias culturales para el cambio alimentario.
AI Farming Revolution and Machine Learning Approaches to Government Schemes and Subsidies
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Presidency University, Ganesh, Koniki
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence made our lives easy. By Emerging in different fields/sectors such as Education, banking, Marketing, Financial and in many E commerce Additionally, farmers can use it to help them obtain more yields &  schemes applicable. This article details a web-based tool that helps farmers. , weather forecasting and suitable crops based on the type of soil. Here we can make use of a WEKA software-based tool consisting of different AI & ML techniques. Which makes the job easier to reach every customer & it predicts whether the decision chosen by the farmers regarding crops are Suitable for their farming land. Using a Recommendation System that leverages historical data (demographics, crop type, location, income level) to recommend schemes/subsidies tailored to each farmer's needs. ML Techniques: Collaborative filtering or content-based filtering can be used to match schemes based on similar farmer profiles.

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed many sectors, which include education, banking, marketing, finance, and e-commerce. Agriculture, this lifeblood of the planet's sustenance, is being revolutionized by AI-driven inventions as well. This paper looks at the use of AI and Machine Learning to change farming practices and enhance accessibility to government schemes and subsidies.

The proposed system brings forth a web-based platform that utilizes AI and ML technologies to help farmers improve crop yield, find the best farming practices, and get government schemes relevant to their needs. The system allows farmers to make informed decisions by combining weather forecasting, soil analysis, and crop selection. The platform uses WEKA, a data mining and ML software, to implement a range of AI and ML techniques that streamline data analysis and predictive modeling.

One of the most important aspects of this system is the recommendation engine, which recommends to the farmers personalized suggestions. The recommendation system bases its suggestion on historical data, such as farmer demographics, crop types, location, and income levels, to suggest relevant government schemes and subsidies. Utilizing ML approaches such as collaborative filtering and content-based filtering, the system identifies the patterns and relationships between the farmers who have similar profiles, ensuring accurate and relevant recommendations.

KEY WORDS

Agriculture, Subsidies, Finance, Technology, Fertilizers, Government agriculture schemes,  n
Electoral Voting System Using Blockchain
Authors:   Students (Computer Science & Engineering), Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ali Filza
Published: January 2025

The integrity and transparency of electoral systems are critical to maintaining public trust in democratic processes. However, traditional voting systems face challenges such as voter fraud, lack of transparency, and delays in result verification. This paper explores the design and implementation of an electoral voting system leveraging blockchain technology to address these challenges. Blockchain offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant ledger that ensures the security, anonymity, and transparency of votes. The proposed system integrates cryptographic algorithms for voter authentication, smart contracts for vote recording, and consensus mechanisms for result validation. A comparative analysis highlights the advantages of the blockchain-based system over traditional and electronic voting systems in terms of security, efficiency, and scalability. The paper also discusses potential limitations, including scalability concerns, voter accessibility, and regulatory considerations, proposing solutions for real-world adoption. This research demonstrates that blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize electoral processes, paving the way for more secure and transparent elections.

KEYWORDS - Electoral integrity, Transparency, Public trust, Blockchain technology, Cryptographic algorithms, Voter authentication Real-world adoption, Revolutionizing elections, Secure elections.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF HR PLANNING AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Val'des Tat'yana
Published: January 2025

HR planning is the most important element of HR management (especially in industrial production) and has a direct impact on the efficiency of production processes. Theoretical and methodological foundations of HR planning, as a set of principles, methods and tools, are the initial basis for strategic HR management. Their use in HR management practice allows for long-term compliance of HR potential with the needs of industrial enterprises. The paper reveals the place of HR planning in the HR management system, systematizes the basic terminology, considers the directions and components of HR planning in the context of the specific functioning of industrial enterprises. The object of the study is the HR planning system. The purpose of the study is to generalize the basics of HR planning at industrial enterprises. Research methods: documentary analysis, systematization, induction, deduction. Scientific novelty of the research: development of conceptual approaches to personnel planning taking into account the specifics of industry as a sector, clarification of theoretical provisions, author's formulation of individual terms.
For a Multiple Decentering of the History of Knowledge
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel
Published: January 2025

In this overview, I argue that the history of knowledge needs a decentering, not only with regard to geography and to the disciplines under scrutiny, but also with regard to the relations between knowledge ‘proper’ (i.e., discursive and secular knowledge) and religious or mystical forms of knowledge. Given the importance that religious practices and institutions have historically had for the development of different forms of knowledge, the changing religious articulation of the very notion of knowledge deserves more systematic attention. I will also argue that categories like ‘knowledge’ and ‘truth,’ and norms of correctness, display a more radical historical contingency and variability than is allowed for in many exercises in the history of knowledge.
Contact Zones for a Global History of Knowledge
Authors: Vélez-Posada Andres
Published: January 2025

Among the various research and writing challenges that a global history of knowledge entails, the geographical question of how to assess the global knowledges from its local contexts requires particular attention. By considering different and recent historiographical backgrounds, in this article I contend that the concept of “contact zones” holds significant profitability, since it provides a valuable framework for writing compelling stories about the dynamics of the multifaceted processes involved in the creation, transmissions, and transformation of knowledges in a world characterized by diversity and interdependence. Early modern Spanish America is highlighted here as an exemplar case for analyzing the practices of exchange, translation, and negotiation emerging in contact zones of knowledges.
Traveling Mermaids, Traveling Materials
Authors: Podgorny Irina
Published: January 2025

This article—which is mostly based on secondary literature following the questions suggested by a visit to the Victoria & Albert Museum—proposes how a decentering of the history of knowledge can be achieved by thinking with museum objects. I chose a particular Leitmotiv, distributed through international trade and scientific networks, which, in the longue durée, brought together a variety of people and connected the most diverse geographies. It follows the itineraries of the Mediterranean mermaid transformed in Latin America into a mermaid musician/guitarist, a character displayed in textiles, ceramics, and furniture and which is featured today in collections of popular culture, ethnography, and decorative arts. Using this example, this paper explores the cross-cultural transfers that shaped and cross-linked cultures to remind us that such objects were the result of multiple exchanges happening in several places and that, to understand them, historians have to cross national and disciplinary borders, languages, and, finally, those chronological periods that make us forget the centrality to history of change and continuity.
Who Knows?
Authors: Ito Kenji
Published: January 2025

This essay explores some aspects of the future of the history of knowledge by reflecting on my ongoing research concerning the historical study of scientific journals in Japan. It places particular emphasis on the posthumanist approaches and uses of new digital technologies within the history of knowledge.
Ignoring the Obvious About the World
Authors: Tilley Helen
Published: January 2025

This essay takes up four kinds of “not knowing” that have been central to knowledge-making in African Studies. I chose ignorance and African history to open a dialogue with the other authors in this issue. The essay deals with therapeutic non-systems, cultural ignorance, disappearing knowledge, and sovereign forms of community care. It uses a now-classic article by Murray Last, on the health-seeking practices of Hausa speakers in northern Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s, as its anchor. Embedded in the essay is a tacit question about the history of anarchic modes of collective organization in places under-served by states.
Gerakan #Blokirkominfo: Kebebasan Berpendapat sebagai Penanda Mengambang dalam Perspektif Content Creator
Authors: Purnama Finsensius Yuli
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini menganalisis reaksi publik terhadap kebijakan pemblokiran platform digital oleh Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika (Kominfo) Indonesia yang memicu kontroversi luas di media sosial, terutama Twitter, dengan tagar #blokirKominfo menjadi trending pada 30 Juli 2022. Studi ini menggunakan analisis wacana politik dari Ernesto Laclau dan Chantal Mouffe untuk menggali makna kebebasan berekspresi di kalangan content creator muda. Metode penelitian meliputi wawancara mendalam dengan tiga content creator yang aktif di berbagai platform digital seperti YouTube dan TikTok. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemblokiran oleh Kominfo memicu rasa tidak aman dan ketidakpastian di kalangan pekerja online, terutama terkait penggunaan platform transaksi seperti PayPal dan aplikasi streaming. Selain itu, ada peningkatan praktik self-censorship di kalangan content creator untuk menghindari potensi konflik hukum berdasarkan UU ITE. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebebasan berekspresi yang diatur dalam konstitusi Indonesia dan standar internasional sering kali terganggu oleh kebijakan pemerintah yang tidak konsisten. Implikasi dari studi ini menunjukkan perlunya kebijakan yang lebih mendukung ekosistem digital yang inklusif dan aman bagi para content creator, serta pentingnya pemahaman mendalam terhadap dinamika wacana kebebasan berekspresi dalam konteks politik dan budaya Indonesia.
Pendekatan Humas Dispendukcapil Kota Surabaya dalam Mengatasi Gap Komunikasi antar Generasi melalui Instagram
Authors: Rizkiyana Hikmah , Alviaro Samanda Glen , Mega Handika Winih
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pendekatan yang digunakan Humas Dispendukcapil Kota Surabaya dalam mengatasi gap komunikasi antar generasi pada penyebaran informasi melalui platform media sosial Instagram. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, serta dokumentasi terhadap aktivitas komunikasi Dispendukcapil di Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori two-way symmetrical communication untuk menganalisis bagaimana Humas Dispendukcapil Surabaya berkomunikasi dengan audiens yang terdiri dari berbagai generasi, khususnya Generasi Z dan milenial. Pendekatan komunikasi Dispendukcapil dianalisis melalui tiga aspek utama: kredibilitas, keterbukaan, dan konsistensi.  Dalam kredibilitas, Dispendukcapil memastikan informasi yang disampaikan melalui Instagram berasal dari sumber yang dapat dipercaya dan mudah dipaham. Dalam aspek keterbukaan, Dispendukcapil menunjukkan keterbukaannya dengan menyediakan ruang bagi audiens untuk berinteraksi melalui fitur Instagram. Sedangkan dalam hal konsistensi, Dispendukcapil menjaga konsistensi informasi yang disampaikan di berbagai konten Instagram, baik itu terkait dengan jadwal pelaksanaan program maupun dalam penyampaian pesan yang jelas dan konsisten agar dapat diterima oleh semua generasi.
Comparison of disease activity by disease activity score-28 C-reactive protein and disease activity score-28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate in established rheumatoid arthritis patients – A comparative study
Authors: Butt Amna , Raja Khalid Mehmood , Awan Fahad Javed , Khan Wajahat Ahmed , Zaid Farhan , Fahad Ul Hassan
Published: January 2025

Objective. To compare disease activity in patients of established Rheumatoid Arthritis estimated by Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) C-reactive protein (CRP) and Disease Activity Score-28 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Department of Rheumatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, May 2022 to Oct 2022. Using consecutive non probability sampling, patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) of 30 to 65 years age of either gender were selected who had the disease for at least 1 year, never received biologics Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or immunosuppressive therapy and no signs of active infective etiology. DAS28 score was calculated using ESR and CRP to assess disease severity. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement comparison was done between DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP and κ -coefficient was calculated with discordance proportion.
Results. Out of 70 patients, 50 (70%) were female and 20 (28%) were male with mean age of included patients 49.9 ± 7.5 years. Mean disease activity score, calculated using ESR was 4.1 ± 1.25 SD was higher than mean DAS28 score of 3.5 ± 1.12 SD with CRP. Twenty (28.6%) patients had High Disease Activity (HDA) (DAS28 > 5.1) when assessed by DAS28-ESR score as compared to 8 (11.4%) patients by DAS28-CRP score with 17.1% discordance and κ Coefficient of 0.402 corresponding to minimal agreement amid DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP for HDA (p < 0.005). DAS28 score using ESR as evaluating tool had 35% sensitivity and 98% specificity of detecting RA patients with High Disease Activity.
Conclusion. DAS28-ESR was preferable as compared to DAS28-CRP for monitoring disease activity and treatment decision.
Keywords. C-reactive protein (CRP), Disease activity score (DAS), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Joint pain, Rheumatoid arthritis, Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Stratification in lymph node cytology using the novel Sydney classification system: A cross sectional study
Authors: Khan Hina , Qadir Abdul , Khan Sadia , Shehla Akbar
Published: January 2025

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (LN-FNAC) using the Sydney System in a clinical setting, specifically focusing on patients with suspected lymphoma.
Material and Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both retrospective and prospective analyses. This study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar, Pakistan. The duration of study was from January 2021 to December 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Review Board Committee prior to the commencement of the study. LN-FNAC Cases meeting inclusion criteria were identified and corresponding histopathology specimens were included whenever available. Sydney System of lymph node classification was applied to categorize FNAC results in real-time. Histopathology served as the gold standard for diagnosis. Standard statistical tests were applied to calculate diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of LN-FNAC. Risk of malignancy (ROM) for each Sydney System diagnostic category was also computed.
Results: Most prevalent category according to Sydney classification was Benign, L2 (39.6%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 98.2%, 84.3%, 93.2% and 95.6% respectively. The ROM was highest for malignant category (98%) and lowest for benign category (4.5%). Discrepancies between FNAC and histopathology were noted, particularly in Hodgkin lymphoma cases.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the high diagnostic accuracy of Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (LN-FNAC) using the Sydney System, especially in the context of suspected lymphoma. The study contributes essential data to the ongoing validation of the Sydney System, emphasizing its role in standardized and effective diagnostic protocols for lymphoma management.
Keywords: Lymph node FNAC, Lymphoma, Risk of malignancy, Sydney system classification
Assessment of altitude induced effects on serum liver function, renal function and lipid profile within the population of Gilgit Baltistan’s District Gamba, reporting to Combined Military Hospital Skardu
Authors: Alam Mustajab , Hunain Habib  , Asif Naveed , Anwar Bushra , Asad Tahir , Hameed Khizar
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of high altitude on various parameters of Liver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests, and Lipid profiles in local population reporting to CMH Skardu.
Material and Methods: This Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of pathology of CMH Skardu from January 2023 to August 2023. Participants underwent a comprehensive medical examination. Serum samples were obtained for the assessment of Liver Function Tests (LFTs), Renal Function Tests (RFTs) and lipid profiles of patients in clot activator vaccutainers and analyzed on Selectra Pro XI by their respective spectrophotometric methods. One way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used to statistical analysis between different groups according to altitude and p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The study involved 150 participants, with ages ranging from 28 to 71 years with the mean age of 46.5 ±10.71 years. Altitude varied between 1700 and 2500 meters among participants with mean altitude of 2018.6±21.9 meters. A total of 105(70%) participants were male, and 45(30%) participants were female. Significant negative correlations were observed between altitude and ALT (-0.227, p = 0.005) and AST (-0.212, p = 0.009) For ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, TGs, HDL, and LDL, there are significant differences among groups (p-values < 0.05). For BIL and Creatinine, there are no significant differences among groups (p-values > 0.05)
Conclusion: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of altitude's impact on human physiology, highlighting the need for comprehensive research to optimize health and performance in high-altitude environments.
Keywords: Altitude, Gilgit, Liver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests, Lipid
Estimation of donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Qureshi Iqra Zeb , Mushtaq Hina , Iqbal Hamid , Siddiqi Fuad Ahmad , Khan Imran , Zeb Bilal
Published: January 2025

Objective: To estimate the donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Blood Bank Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from November 2021 to August 2023. However, since FFP and CP prepared in August 2023 will not expire until August 2024, their data cannot be fully assessed for wastage within this study period.
 Written consent was obtained before enrolling all donors. Depending on the need from various departments, the collected units of whole blood are fractionated into various components. The donors' names, ages, genders, contact information, and kinds of donors (voluntary or replacement) were recorded using a structured proforma. The donors who were selected had to meet a few requirements, including their age (≥ 18 years old), weight (≥ 50 g/dL), having hemoglobin levels of at least 12.5 g/dL, a hematocrit level (PCV) of at least 38%, and having normal blood pressure and a pulse rate between 50 and 100 beats per minute. Various reasons for the blood wastage were noted and recorded.
Results: A total of 18397 blood donations were received. Out of which 12870 (69.95%) units were utilized as whole blood and 5527 (30.04%) were separated into different components. Among 12870 blood bags (whole blood), 661(5.13%) were wasted. 655(99.1%) wasted whole blood bags were of male donors and 6 (0.9%) blood bags were of female donors. 202 (30.56%) wasted blood bags were of blood group B+ TTI positivity accounting for the majority of whole blood bag wastage, making up 85.17% of cases. Among the total number of cases that were TTI positive, VDRL was detected in 20.78% of the blood bags, while HBsAg was found in 50.44% of them. The highest percentage of discarded components was platelets (7.99%), followed by RCC (4.84%), CP (3.23%), and FFP (2.11%).
Conclusions: To ensure the proper utilization of blood, it is important to establish and adhere to appropriate blood transfusion guidelines. Collaborative efforts between hospital and blood bank personnel should also be made to reduce blood wastage.
Keywords:  Blood discarded, Blood components. Expired blood, Blood products.
Iron deficiency unveiled: Exploring its intersection with beta thalassemia trait
Authors: Faisal Alizah , Zulfiqar Aayet , Waqas Hooria , Masood Hania , Ashraf Hadiah , Waheed Alia
Published: January 2025

Objective: To identify the coexistence of iron deficiency anaemia in patients of beta thalassemia trait in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Thalassemia Centre of Holy Family Hospital and Pakistan Thalassemia Center Rawalpindi from September 2023 to February 2024 including 136 patients, comprising patients diagnosed as beta-thalassemia trait and parents and siblings of patients with beta-thalassemia major. CBC and serum ferritin tests were analysed. Patients suffering from other causes of anaemia, acute infections, or recent oral iron intake were excluded. Data was collected using convenience sampling and analysed using SPSS version 27.0. The association between the serum ferritin level groups and gender was analyzed using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Mean haemoglobin concentrations and ranges were calculated for each group.
Results: During the study, 136 patients with beta-thalassemia trait participated. 75% were males and 25% were females, with an average age of 22.26±14.26 years. Their average haemoglobin level was 11.750±1.78 g/dl. Serum ferritin levels ranged from 3.33 to 488.0 ng/ml. IDA was diagnosed in 12.6% of participants, while 65.4% had normal ferritin levels, and 22% were at risk of iron overload. There was a significant association between iron stores and gender (p=0.002). Haemoglobin concentrations varied across groups: Group 1 (9.406 g/dl), Group 2 (11.845 g/dl), and Group 3 (12.013 g/dl).
Conclusion: Our study reveals a notable occurrence of iron deficiency (12.6%) among individuals with BTT. This represents a manageable clinical problem. It emphasizes the importance of accurately assessing iron levels in BTT patients and initiating appropriate treatment to improve their overall well-being.
Keywords: B-Thalassemia trait, Iron deficiency anaemia, Haemoglobin
Early diagnosis of oral cancer - A narrative review
Authors: Haroon Azka
Published: January 2025

Oral cancer (OC) is a common malignancy in Asian countries. Early diagnosis is crucial because of its high mortality rate. Patients and physicians both contribute to the delay in oral cancer diagnosis.  Improved knowledge of the disease, its risk factors and symptoms would have a positive influence upon the early diagnosis. Majority of the risk factors such as alcohol consumption, tobacco, betel nut, viral infections, chronic irritation and inflammation if identified timely can mostly avoid the cancer.  Prevention and anticipation of diagnosis begin with identification of potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and local conditions promoting chronic inflammation. Each lesion needs to be identified quickly and given the proper care. The clinical recognition and evaluation of oral mucosal lesions can detect up to 99% of oral cancers/ pre-malignancies. The World Health Organization states that a biopsy is required for any suspicious lesion that does not go away after two weeks of local causes of irritation have been identified and removed. Surgical biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of oral cancer. However oral brush biopsy, toluidine blue vital staining, auto-fluorescence imaging, and other non-invasive techniques have been created and researched to aid physicians in the diagnostic process. Currently, artificial intelligence is a key component in the early detection of oral malignancies. Present review was written to highlight various factors resulting in delayed diagnosis of oral cancer as well as to discuss different non-invasive techniques that can easily be used in early categorization of oral pre-malignant and malignant lesions.
Keywords: Oral cancer, Early diagnosis, Noninvasive techniques, Salivary biomarkers, Biopsy, Artificial intelligence.
Employing Foreign Workers in The Current Iraqi Labor Law
Authors:   Collage of Administration and Economics, Department of Banking and Finance Sciences,BUniversity Of Babylon , Iraq, Al Imari Mustafa Habeeb Obaid , AL-Obaidi Dhuha Dhulfiqar Ali ,   Collage of Administration and Economics, University of Babylon, Iraq
Published: January 2025

It is one of the essential topics related to regulating the labour market in Iraq, especially in light of the increasing need for foreign workers in various sectors such as oil, construction, and industry. The Iraqi Labor Law No. 37 of 2015, which aims to guarantee the rights of workers in general, including foreigners, regulates them, as it requires their employment according to certain conditions. The most prominent of these conditions is obtaining a work permit from the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and that the local worker cannot fill the available job.

The law also protects the rights of the foreign worker in several aspects, such as determining working hours, fair wages, and his right to obtain annual leave. It also requires employers to provide a safe and healthy work environment according to approved standards. In addition, the law obliges foreign companies investing in Iraq to employ a certain percentage of local workers while allowing them to employ foreigners when necessary.

However, implementing these laws faces several challenges, most notably weak oversight in some sectors, which leads to some employers exploiting foreign workers. Some companies also prefer to employ foreigners due to the low cost of labour, which creates tensions with local workers. However, the law shows great interest in balancing the local market's needs and attracting foreign investments.
The Russian-Ukrainian War and Its Economic Impact on The Middle East
Authors:   Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf Technical Institute, Iraq, Jassim Ibtisam Kadhim
Published: January 2025

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a substantial impact on the stability of the world economy, particularly in the Middle East. This study examines the conflict's complex economic effects on the area, with a particular emphasis on trade dynamics, food security, and energy markets. The war's disruption of global supply lines and subsequent changes in gas and oil prices impacted both Middle Eastern nations that import and sell oil.

Disruptions in grain shipments from Russia and Ukraine also presented significant difficulties for the area, increasing food shortages and putting pressure on the economies of import-dependent countries. The paper examines the ways in which Middle Eastern countries responded to these shocks, emphasizing policy initiatives including broadening strategic reserves, boosting domestic output, and diversifying trading partners.
Opolnomočenje pacientov z antifosfolipidnim sindromom za samokontrolo in samovodenje antikoagulacijskega zdravljenja
Authors: Hrovat Bukovšek Andreja , Filej Bojana
Published: January 2025

Opolnomočenje je temeljnega pomena za paciente z antifosfolipidnim sindromom, za njihovo razumevanje bolezni in za varno ter učinkovito antikoagulacijsko zdravljenje. Strukturirana edukacija, ki je del zdravstvene vzgoje, lahko izboljša opolnomočenje pacienta in ga usposobi za izvajanje samokontrole in samovodenja antikoagulacijskega zdravljenja v domačem okolju. Namen raziskave je bil, da se ugotovi stopnja opolnomočenosti pacientov o antikoagulacijskem zdravljenju na osnovi znanja, ki so ga pridobili v procesu zdravstvene vzgoje na primarni in sekundarni ravni. V raziskavo smo vključili 192 pacientov z antifosfolipidnim sindromom, ki so vodeni v antikoagulacijskih ambulantah. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Pri pacientih smo ocenili stopnjo opolnomočenja in jih razdelili v štiri kategorije. Ugotovili smo, da je porazdelitev pacientov v kategorije med primarno in sekundarno ravnjo obravnave povsem primerljiva. Raziskava je potrdila, da pacienti tako na primarni kot sekundarni ravni izkazujejo visoko stopnjo opolnomočenja in interes za opolnomočenje za izvajanje samokontrole in samovodenja antikoagulacijskega zdravljenja.
Vloga ekoterapije v sodobni preventivni in kurativni medicini
Authors: Kristanc Luka , Kregar Velikonja Nevenka
Published: January 2025

Na zdravljenje z naravo oz. ekoterapijo lahko gledamo kot na eno izmed ekosistemskih storitev, ki jih ponuja narava, pojmujemo pa jo lahko tudi kot pomembno komplementarno metodo v sklopu integrativnega medicinskega pristopa. Koncept ekoterapije v globalnem smislu ni nov, v slovenskem prostoru doslej o tem še ni bilo veliko napisanega, vključevanje različnih ekoterapevtskih metod v naše zdravstvo pa je šele v povojih. Pregled znanstvene literature na temo ekoterapije za obravnavo nekaterih pogostih motenj telesnega in duševnega zdravja je bil izveden v spletni podatkovni bazi PubMed. V izbranih člankih smo pregledali tudi navedene reference in izmed njih izbrali dodatne članke, relevantne za obravnavano temo. Tako smo v analizo vključili skupno 58 člankov. Izbrani članki so bili pregledani in urejeni glede na hierarhijo dokazov ter analizirani glede na obravnavano komponento zdravja oz. klinično indikacijo. Zbrani dokazi kažejo učinkovitost in uporabnost ekoterapevtskih pristopov pri različnih skupinah bolnikov, čeprav je še veliko vrzeli v razumevanju osnovnih fizioloških mehanizmov, ki se odvijajo v človeškem telesu ob različnih ekoterapevtskih intervencijah.
The impact of the war in Ukraine on the prevalence of MDR/RR-TB in Poland
Authors: Nowinski A. , Augustynowicz-Kopeć E. , Garnczarek J. , Halicka A. , Koszela M. , Litwiniuk W. , Maj D. , Mazur I. , Niestrój-Ostrowska J. , Podlasin R. , Regulska A. , Wielopolska M. , Wyrwiński J. , Wesołowski S. , Korzeniewska-Koseła M.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The 2022 invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation triggered a refugee crisis, affecting the multidrug-/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) prevalence in neighbouring countries. This study examines the epidemiological trends and
characteristics of MDR/RR-TB patients in Poland, focusing on the relative contribution of Ukrainian refugees.

METHODS
Data from the Polish National Tuberculosis Registry and EPIC Project database, covering MDR/RR-TB cases reported between
2010 and Q1 2024, were analysed.

RESULTS
The study included 794 MDR/RR-TB cases, showing a demographic shift post-2022. During the 10-year period up to 2021, a median of 48 MDR/RR-TB cases were reported annually in Poland. After 2022, these
numbers doubled: 104 cases were reported in 2022 and 101 cases in 2023. Simultaneously, the number of Ukrainian MDR/RR-TB patients increased from 77 (13%) during 2010–2021 to 127 (58%) from 2022 to Q1 2024.

CONCLUSION
Poland is observing
an increased number of cases of MDR/RR-TB associated with the large number of displaced Ukrainian citizens who are now residing in Poland. There is a need to monitor the epidemiology of MDR/RR-TB and seek optimal screening and management strategies for TB among refugees from countries with
high MDR/RR-TB incidence in Poland and Europe.
A year in review – evaluating the launch of IJTLD OPEN
Authors: Blackbourn H.D. , Migliori G.B.
Published: January 2025

One year on from the launch of our new open access (OA) journal, IJTLD OPEN, we review its impact. Similar to our flagship journal, the IJTLD, articles published in IJTLD OPEN span a range of topics related to lung health and the majority focus on TB in low- to middle-income countries
(LMICs). Interestingly, there has been no lag period in readers accessing the content, with downloads for IJTLD OPEN soon matching and exceeding those for the IJTLD. This demonstrates that OA is helping us to achieve our goal of improving knowledge dissemination in LMICs, where there is restricted
access to subscription journals. Citation analysis of the first few issues of IJTLD OPEN also suggests that this higher level of downloads is leading to articles being cited at an accelerated rate.
O ensino de ciências através de modelos tridimensionais: a transição da vida aquática para a vida terrestre
Authors: Rohlfs Igor Andrade Correia , Oliveira Carolina Souza , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: January 2025

O artigo em tela tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o desenvolvimento de uma atividade didática para ensino de Ciências, que abordou o tema da transição dos seres vivos do ambiente aquático para o terrestre, utilizando como recurso didático modelos tridimensionais confeccionados em biscuit. A proposta foi desenvolvida a partir da disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino de Biologia, parte do curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e contou também com a participação dos integrantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). Ao final da atividade, os estudantes participantes escreveram uma avaliação destacando os pontos positivos e os pontos a seres melhorados da aula. Essas avaliações escritas foram analisadas a partir do método de análise de conteúdo e as principais questões destacadas foram discutidas a fim de aprofundar a análise sobre a atividade desenvolvida. A disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino de Biologia, ao instigar que os estudantes desenvolvam uma aula que não esteja voltada para o modelo tradicional exigem que o professor em formação se coloque no desafio de planejar uma atividade que desperte o encantamento dos estudantes e possibilite a eles a apropriação dos conhecimentos.
Synthesis of the hybrid composite 2,4-D/LDH (herbicide/layered double hydroxides): influence of pH on the synthesis
Authors: Câmara João Luiz Martins Mattoso , Cardoso Julia Ismério , Sanches Sabrina Guimarães , Souza Bruno Muniz e , Ramos Vitor Santos , Henriques Cristiane Assumpção , Huertas Jhonny
Published: January 2025

Hybrid composites based on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) encapsulated in Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) have been synthesized by direct method at three different pH values (7, 9, and 11). It was found that with a decrease in pH, the formation of the 2,4-D/LDH hybrid composite was favored. At pH 9 and 11, the predominant phases were ZnO and Zn-Al-LDH. At pH 7, 2,4-D was inserted into the LDH structure, increasing basal spacing from 7.8 Å, the value without the herbicide, to 19.2 Å, the basal spacing of LDH with herbicide. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of 2,4-D mainly in sample synthesized at pH 7. The morphology of the particles in the sample synthesized at pH 7 was different. pH influenced the thermal and textural properties of the samples. Our results have significant implications for understanding 2,4-D/LDH hybrid composite synthesis and properties.
Caminhos trancados: o labirinto dos desafios burocráticos e legais nas concessões florestais Federais no Brasil
Authors: Santos Antonio Nacílio Sousa dos , Felippe José Neto de Oliveira , Silva Kadja Lemos , Marchesini Renato , Dezem Lucas Teixeira , Assunção Ismael Duarte , Farias Alisson Eduardo Maul de , Júnior Paulo Roberto de Souza , Xavier Túlio da Silva , Martins Leonardo de Souza , Silva Davison Arruda da , Glavam Rafael Bianchini , Guimarães Adalton Ferreira , Zappalá Luíza Oliveira , Sales Douglas Blasius de , Santos Ricardo Feliciano dos
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as concessões florestais públicas no Brasil, em nível federal, buscando identificar os principais fatores que dificultam sua implementação bem-sucedida. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo (Minayo, 2016), realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica (Gil, 2011), analisando a produção científica, a legislação pertinente e documentos oficiais disponíveis. Inicialmente, destaca-se que a ausência de participação de atores locais tem ocasionado sérios problemas na delimitação das áreas concedidas, podendo, em alguns casos, resultar na suspensão dos contratos. Além disso, a viabilidade financeira das concessões é um ponto crítico, sendo impactada por fatores como alterações na produtividade da exploração, o rendimento no processamento da madeira e a competição com atividades ilegais de exploração florestal. A burocracia também se apresenta como um entrave significativo, gerando morosidade e falhas de comunicação entre os diferentes atores envolvidos no processo. Outro aspecto a ser considerado são os encargos financeiros atribuídos às concessionárias, que têm causado altos índices de inadimplência junto ao órgão gestor. Essa situação tem forçado a criação de estratégias de negociação para regularizar os débitos das empresas. Conclui-se que as concessões florestais enfrentam dificuldades principalmente relacionadas ao planejamento inadequado e à inadimplência nas obrigações financeiras associadas à outorga de exploração. Outras questões levantadas, embora relevantes, são características comuns ao setor florestal. Assim, tornam-se necessárias políticas complementares que incentivem e protejam o setor, além de adaptações participativas no processo de concepção das concessões. Apesar dos desafios, as concessões florestais públicas configuram uma ferramenta essencial para o manejo sustentável no Brasil, exigindo ajustes específicos para aumentar sua atratividade e reduzir a burocracia.
Desafios da inclusão na educação infantil: o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) em foco
Authors: Silva Silvio Luiz Rutz da , Pessutti Silvana Zancanella
Published: January 2025

O artigo explora os desafios da inclusão de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na Educação Infantil no município de Ivaiporã, Paraná. A pesquisa parte da questão-problema sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores para implementar práticas inclusivas para alunos com TEA, considerando a carência de formação continuada e suporte especializado. O objetivo é analisar as necessidades dos professores e as práticas inclusivas adotadas, visando propor estratégias de apoio educacional e reforçar a importância de uma rede intersetorial. A base referencial do estudo fundamenta-se em estudos sobre inclusão, legislação educacional, metodologias adaptadas (como a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada - ABA) e experiências de países com avanços na educação inclusiva. Os principais resultados indicam que os professores enfrentam desafios significativos, como o diagnóstico tardio do TEA e a falta de formação específica. Identificou-se que programas de apoio, como o “Autismo em Rede,” que integra saúde, educação e assistência social, contribuem para melhorar o acolhimento escolar e o desenvolvimento de metodologias inclusivas. As conclusões ressaltam a necessidade de políticas públicas que priorizem a formação contínua e ofereçam recursos adequados, a fim de capacitar os professores para atender às demandas dos alunos com TEA e promover um ambiente escolar equitativo. O estudo sugere que, para alcançar uma inclusão efetiva, é imprescindível um esforço conjunto entre diferentes setores, garantindo apoio multidisciplinar e condições de trabalho que favoreçam práticas inclusivas.
Avaliação dos conhecimentos sobre a saúde bucal de professores e alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) de uma escola públi-ca de Manaus – AM
Authors: Freitas Ana Carolina da Rocha , Souza Bruna Chagas de , Queiroz Hemily Bezerra de , Santana Yargilla Oliveira , Pereira Natália Stefany da Silva , Pereira Kleber Maia , Rocha Márcia Lopes , Silva Jefter Haad Ruiz da
Published: January 2025

Introdução: A saúde bucal nas escolas, apesar de ser amplamente abordada nos anos iniciais do ensino público, ainda é pouco difundida na grade curricular da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal de alunos e professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e sua aplicabilidade na sala de aula de uma escola pública de Manaus – AM. Metodologia: Questionários foram aplicados com alunos e professores de um Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJA), contendo perguntas sobre conhecimentos em saúde bucal bem como a aplicabilidade desta temática na rotina escolar. Resultados: Dos 100 alunos entrevistados, 97% relataram acreditar na importância de escovar os dentes, mas apenas 45% entendem o conceito de placa bacteriana. Além disso, 67% afirmam conhecer o papel do flúor na prevenção da cárie. Sobre a inclusão de palestras e ações educativas na escola, 93% dos alunos manifestaram interesse. Em relação aos 08 professores entrevistados, 100% consideraram essencial trabalhar conteúdos sobre saúde bucal com os alunos, mas 66,67% nunca participaram de capacitações sobre o tema. Conclusão: Compreende-se que, embora alunos e professores reconheçam a importância de perpetuar bons hábitos de saúde bucal em sala de aula, a falta de capacitação de docentes ainda é uma fragilidade na consolidação de práticas salutares.
Manganese ore processing: heat and mass transfer coefficients for drying of pellets
Authors: Hidalgo Letícia Ferraresi , Pádua Thiago Faggion de , Béttega Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

In order to meet the moisture specifications required for transportation and marketing of solid bulk cargoes, this study ascertained the heat and mass transfer coefficients for drying of manganese ore pellets. The results indicated that the requirements could be met by drying at a constant rate. This period constituted between 44 and 54% of the total drying time, during which 66 to 73% of the initial amount of water was removed. The convective mass transfer coefficients were found to be between 1.71 x 10-2 and 3.40 x 10-2 m/s, while the heat transfer coefficients were between 18.0 and 29.2 J/(m²s°C). The experimental values exhibited acceptable variations of less than 16% in comparison to the theoretical estimates. The effective diffusivity range was from 4.6 x 10-9 to 7.8 x 10-9 m²/s. The parameters obtained provide necessary information for further research in the fields of process modelling and large-scale equipment design for manganese ore.