bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Relationship between Financial Depth and Economic Growth in Iraq during the Period (2004-2020)
Authors: Abdullah Gailan Ismael
Published: August 2022

The research aims to study the relationship between financial depth and economic growth in Iraq during the period (2004-2020) by identifying the direction of each of the indicators of financial depth and economic growth, analyzing their developments, and measuring them using the ARDL model. Given that financial depth is an important indicator that shows the extent of the financial sector's contribution to economic activity by mobilizing savings and directing them towards investment to achieve added value from the activity of the various economic sectors. The research found the limited contribution of the financial sector in stimulating economic growth due to several subjective and objective factors that characterize the financial sector in the Iraqi economy.
Grasp the Trend of Distance Education and Push the Development of Rural English Learning
Authors: Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2022

The research is about online English education in rural areas, which constitutes a relatively new area that has emerged from online education. Due to the superiority of urban regionality over rural areas, the inequality of English education, teacher resource shortage, and the backward thinking of people living in rural areas, rural English education lags behind. However, online education is a new trend in the education industry, and it is also a new opportunity for rural English education. Intuitively, Internet connection solves difficulties for that student who lives in remote areas without roads or funds to pay for tuition to attend a school far away. Therefore, this appears a more straightforward problem is how online English education reshapes rural English education. Aiming to understand this problem, this study principally conducts a research methodology of literature review and contrastive analysis. There has been less previous evidence for online English education. So this research aims at finding a solution to online English classes for this challenging problem of backward rural English education. Finally, the main achievements, including contributions to the field, can be summarized as follows: helping rural students to receive quality English education and promoting the equality of English education in urban and rural areas. On this basis, the concept of social distance should be taken into account when bridging rural online English classes.
CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR RELATIONSHIP WITH MOTHER'S ANXIETY IN CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA AT PUSKESMAS KUNIR
Authors: Mas'uda Imroatul
Published: August 2022

Diarrhea
The Determinants of the Individual Absorptive Capacity in the Context of the SME: The Case of Tourism Small or Medium-sized Enterprises in the City of Agadir
Authors: SOUSSI Nour Eddine , AMAKHIR Hicham , KOUIRI Khalil EL
Published: August 2022

Individual absorptive capacity is the individual's ability to innovate in his or her work. It is determined by the individual's ability to acquire, assimilate, transform and exploit information into knowledge and applicable skills. This work proposes to study the contribution of each of these dimensions to absorption capacity. From a sample of 37 tourism SMEs in the city of Agadir, and by controlling the different associations between the dimensions as well as the endogeneity of these dimensions concerning the absorptive capacity, our results show that the innovation of the individual in his work depends essentially on his ability to turn the information received into knowledge and to make it applicable knowledge. As both dimensions are essentially based on training and experience, this suggests the importance of specific professional training and experience in the company's innovation. Moreover, the exercise of an evolving job, characterized by non-repetitive tasks, reinforces the individual's knowledge and makes him more capable of innovating in his work.
Assignment of Absolute Configuration to Enantiomers of Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidate Blarcamesine
Authors: Szokol Zsuzsanna , Lozsi Károly , Virág Attila , Dancsó András , Szlávik László , Simig Gyula , Volk Balázs
Published: August 2022

Blarcamesine is a promising investigational drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The international nonproprietary name blarcamesine refers to a racemic compound, although it seems likely that it will be marketed in an enantiopure form. A resolution process has been described in the literature, but the absolute configurations of the enantiomers have not yet been disclosed. In the present study, crystals of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-mandelate salts of (+)- and (-)-blarcamesine and also that of (R)-(+)-blarcamesine itself, suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement were prepared and the absolute configurations of (+)- and (-)-blarcamesine have been determined.
Integrated Smart System for the Coordination of Traffic Light Traffic Management and Intelligent Public Lighting in Hungary
Authors: Nikolett Fecser , Árvai Tamás , Hausel István , Könözsy László , Lakatos István
Published: August 2022

In our study, the operation of a smart system in current operation and the implementation plan of traffic management by traffic lights of a junction are presented. Public lighting has a major effect on the efficacy of cities and the well-being and safety of their inhabitants. The energy consumed for public lighting entails significant costs for the urban management. In our constantly evolving world, there is an ever-growing demand for lighting, leading to the increase in expenses, as well. Smart cities are dedicated to apply the most energy-efficient solution in order to decrease expenses in respect of the safety of all road users.
Unambiguous Identification of Objects in Different Environments and Conditions Based on Holographic Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bryndin Evgeny
Published: August 2022

Unambiguous provision of results in different environments and conditions by machine learning algorithms is an unresolved problem until now. Solving the problem of machine learning with unambiguous provision of results in different environments and conditions can be approached by focusing on the psychophysical holographic process of human learning. A person, with a mental concentration of attention, experimentally teaches vision, hearing, psyche and mind in a holographic way and in a resonant way to perceive, recognize and recognize phenomena, processes, objects, subjects, meanings, music and other entities in various environments and conditions. A person experimentally teaches the psyche and feelings to rationally navigate in various environments and conditions. Holographic algorithms of experienced machine learning will help neural network ensembles to unambiguously recognize objects, subjects, music, texts in various environments and conditions using a model of recognizing their own or someone else's. Machine learning simulates holographic processes of human communication memorization of entities. Searching for objects in different environments in different conditions based on experienced machine learning simulates resonant associative processes of human entity detection. By simulating holographic processes of the human psyche based on artificial intelligence of machine learning with Fourier transformation, using full parametric sequences of necessary and sufficient data of holograms of target objects, it is possible to solve the problem of their unambiguous detection in different environments and in different conditions.
A cross-sectional study: farmer’s perceptions, practices, and knowledge (PPK) on antimicrobial drug (AMD) and antimicrobial drug resistance (AMDR) at rural households in selected areas of Cumilla district, Bangladesh
Authors: Sayed Abu , Akter Sabiha , Roni Ali Hossain , Ansari Wahedul Karim
Published: August 2022

In response to unwise and inappropriate antimicrobial drug (AMD) use, antimicrobial drug resistance (AMDR) is rising globally. The present research was performed to find out and evaluate the perceptions, practices, and knowledge (PPK) of the farmers regarding AMD use and AMDR propagation in rural households. The study was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire upon 200 respondents with a duration of 5 months in selected areas of Cumilla district, Bangladesh. The correlation analysis showed a significant (p<.01) relationship between farmers’ knowledge and practicing proper administration of drugs in the animal. The sex of the respondents was also found to be correlated with the understanding of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) (p<.01), AR transmission (p<.05), and propagation from livestock to humans (p<.01). Additionally, through the qualitative analysis, we found the powerful impacts of media availability and accessibility, participation in the training program, and good quality education on the improvement of farmers' PPK. Therefore, the government must need to emphasize this topic and educate the farmers about AR to control the spread of AR in order to secure both animal and public health.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2022, 7(2), 57-74
Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in layer flocks of selected districts in Bangladesh: molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Arif Mohammad , Sultana Nigar , Islam Sk Shaheenur , Tresha Arunima Oarin , Abdullah-Al-Mamun Sayed , Nobi Md Ashiquen , Khan Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman , Kabir SM Lutful
Published: August 2022

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the important enteric diseases in poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens which leads to considerable economic losses for poultry raisers. The present research was carried out to estimate prevalence, risk factors and to confirm molecular pattern, antimicrobial susceptibility status of Clostridium perfringens in layer flocks in Mymensingh and Gazipur districts of Bangladesh, where a total of 287 samples were collected that comprised of water (30), workers’ hand washing (30), and feed (30) as environmental pooled samples; cloacal swab (150) and post mortem sample (intestine) (47) as individual samples, and evaluated by basic (culture, biochemical test), and finally toxinotyping multiplex PCR assays. The flock-level data on potential risk factors were collected through semi-structured interviews with the farm owners and evaluated via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses where a p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Overall flock-level prevalence of Clostridium perfringens was confirmed to be 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-9.7%). The occurrence of C. perfringens was found to be higher in the intestine samples (12.8%, 95% CI: 4.8- 25.7%) followed by feed (6.7%, 95% CI: 0.8-22.1%), cloacal swabs (6.0%, 95% CI: 2.8-11.1%) and workers’ hand washing (3.3%, 95% CI: 0.1- 12.2%). History of immune-suppressive disease (like New castle disease/egg drop syndrome/infectious bursal disease) [Odds Ratio (OR) = 22.16, 95% CI: 1.40-349.36, P = 0.027] and flock size more than 3000 birds (OR = 11.16, 95% CI: 1.26-98.25, P = 0.029) were found to be associated with C. perfringens infection status in the layer flocks. In this study, C. perfringens toxinotype A is circulating in layer flocks with 72.2% of isolates were established as multidrug-resistant as they demonstrated resistance between 3 to 6 antimicrobial agents. Evidence-based control measures to be taken namely use of probiotics, prebiotic, organic acids, and plant extracts as natural alternatives including control of immune-suppressive diseases are needed to minimize the NE infection and antimicrobial resistance in low biosecurity layer flocks.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2022, 7(2), 36-49
Motion characteristics and plasma integrity evaluation of Murrah buffalo semen
Authors: Miraz Md Faizul Hossain , Deb Gautam Kumar , Hossain SM Jahangir , Akter Shahrina
Published: August 2022

Buffalo semen collected from Murrah bull were cryopreserved and evaluated for different motility parameter, kinematics and plasma membrane integrity. Buffalo bulls were maintained uniform standard management and nutritional practices. Semen was collected regularly twice a week semen collection schedule from four (04) Murrah bull. Collected semen was immediately transported to laboratory and evaluated for different macroscopic parameter (color, volume and thickness). Fresh semen was then diluted with saline solution and evaluated for sperm concentration, motility, sperm kinematics and morphology. Semen samples that fill all the standard were selected for freezing and diluted with Tris-egg yolk citrate diluter. Diluted semen was equilibrated, cryopreserved and finally evaluated for post thaw sperm quality. Different motility parameter (total, progressive, static and slow motility) varied significantly (p<0.01) irrespective of different freezing stages. Significantly higher progressive sperm motility and viability of buffalo spermatozoa were observed at fresh semen whereas lower progressive sperm motility and viability was found at post thaw stage. Total and progressive motility reduced by 2.5 and 2.12% following equilibration, whereas following cryopreservation, total and progressive motility reduced by 35.7 and 28.51% and static motility increases accordingly (35.4%). Significantly higher plasma membrane integrity of sperm was observed at fresh semen followed by pre freeze and post thaw semen. Following freezing, integrity of plasma membrane reduces at the rate of 10.81% and 26.7% at pre freezing and post thaw stages. Significantly higher average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness (STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were found for fresh semen followed by pre-freeze and post-thaw semen. Frozen buffalo semen with higher progressive motility and motion characteristics may be produced if motility losses can be reduced during freezing stage as this stage results higher motility losses.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2022, 7(2), 75-81
Importance of measuring Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in the management of asthma
Authors: Mamun SM AA , Haque Ziaul , Jahan Rowshne , Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: August 2022

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation leading to respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness and cough). So direct measure of the level of inflammation can be of paramount importance in the proper understanding of severity of asthma. Nitric oxide (NO) isa product of inflammation in the airways and an important regulator of immune responses that is overproduced in asthma. For this purpose, the measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) has been used since the early years of the current century as a non-invasive, easy-to-assess tool useful for diagnosing and managing asthma. In this narrative review we extended our effort to explain the usefulness of FeNO as a predictor of response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), to monitor adherence and as a diagnostic tool in asthma management.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 241-246
A Study of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Liver Disease and Its Correlation with Development of Esophageal Varices
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Rahman Siddiqui Md Mahmudur , Hossain Ahmed , Hossain S Fahmida
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate relationship of platelet count and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease (CLD) admitted in the medicine unit and gastroenterology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 100 randomly selected, clinically diagnosed patients of chronic liver disease were studied from June 2010 to November 2010 (6 months). All patients were assessed as per Child-Pugh class and had full blood count, HBsAg, Anti-HCV antibodies by ELISA, abdominal ultrasound and Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients were divided into Group A (Platelet count <1,50,000) and Group B (platelet count>1,50,000).
Result: 73 male (73%) and 27 female patients (27%) with age range of 16 to 75 years were evaluated. 24% patient were in between 45-55 years age group. 63% patient fall in child Pugh class A group, 32% fall in child Pugh class B &5% fall in child Pugh class C. Esophageal varices were present in 32 patients (32%) and absent in 68 patients (68%). Group A had 31 patients (31% of the total) with 26 patients (83.87%) having esophageal varices. Group B had 69 patients (69% of the total) with 6 patients (8.70%) having esophageal varices. Sensitivity of thrombocytopenia as a marker of esophageal varices was 81.25% and specificity 92.64%, positive predictive value 83.87% and negative predictive value 91.3% and Odds ratio was 54.6. P value is <0.001.
Conclusion: In this study, It was attempted to find out the relationship between thrombocytopenia and esophageal varices in CLD. In Group A that is platelet count <1,50,000, the incidence of EV was more than Group B (platelet count >1,50,000). Hence, thrombocytopenia is a good surrogate marker for the presence of esophageal varices in CLD.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 247-251
A long term study on Effectiveness and safety of Ivabradine versus Metoprolol on Heart rate and LVEF in post myocardial infarction patients- A tertiary hospital based study
Authors: KS Abseer , M Midhun , K Venkatesh Bhat , Surendran PK
Published: August 2022

Background: Tachycardia and heart failure are a major concern in post myocardial infarction (PMI) patients and a therapeutic challenge. Beta blockers, the first choice drugs used have certain disadvantages. Ivabradine known to reduce heart rate was compared with Metoprolol for their benefits and side effects. The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of Ivabradine on heart rate and LVEF in comparison with Metoprolol at fixed doses over a period of 12 months from the time of discharge.
Methods: 278 MI patients were grouped and observed for 12 months for the effect of Ivabradine and Metoprolol drugs on their heart rate (HR) and LVEF values. Patients with acute inferior wall STEMI, HR above 70/minute were included. All patients were on treatment for 12 months. Patients likely to develop cardio-pulmonary complications excluded. MI was confirmed on ECG and serial CK-MB/ troponin T measurements and 2D ECHO. Patients were with Holter monitors.
Results: 278 patients were grouped as Ivabradine group wherein 138 patients (Ivabradine 5mg twice daily) and Metoprolol group 140 patients (Metoprolol 25 mg twice daily). All the risk factors were similar in both the groups. The mean HR and LVEF values were similar in both the groups. The range of HR was 64 to 86 beats per minute in all patients. The symptomatologies among the patients of both the groups were also similar. Reduction of HR was from 76.43±7.3 to 62.55±1.05 and in Metoprolol group from 77.51±4.50 to 61.45±2.35 beats per minute 13 (09.24%) patients from Ivabradine group and 19 (13.57%) patients from Metoprolol group showed a heart rate less than 60/bpm, others had heart beats > 60/mt.
Conclusion: Ivabradine was a competitive bradycardic drug in comparison to Metoprolol in early Post MI patients. It had similar action on LVEF as Metoprolol. It could be potentially used an alternative anti-tachycardia drug with no other cardiovascular side effects and wherever â-blockers are contraindicated.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 252-258
Analysis of Blood Request Form and Blood Utilization Pattern in a Tertiary Care Specialized Hospital
Authors: Quader Md Abdul , Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: August 2022

Background: The growing demands for blood products are vital resources to health care facilities. If requested blood is not transfused, this causes blood wastage. Minimal utilization of requested blood squanders technical time, reagent and imposes extra expenses on patients. This study was conducted to evaluate blood requisition and utilization pattern in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This retrospective study was conductedin the transfusion medicine dept. of a tertiary care specialized hospital from1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Blood request forms were reviewed and blood utilization indices were computed from blood bank registries. Blood utilization was calculated determining cross match to transfusion ratio (C:T), transfusion probability (%T), transfusion index (TI) and non-utilization pattern i.e. wastage.
Results: A total of 9,841 recipients were requested to prepare cross match. A total of 13,965 units of blood were cross matched and among these 10316 units were transfused to 9,291 recipients. The overall C:T, %T, and TI were 1.35, 94.41% and 1.05 respectively. The wastage implying in this study was 26.13%.
Conclusion: The overallblood utilization was encouraging, but excessive cross matching with minimal transfusion practice was observed implying wastage of blood. Blood transfusion services should adopt blood conserving policies.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 259-262
Bowel preparation for colonoscopy with Mannitol and Sodium Phosphate: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Chowdhury Md Nahian Faruque , Mahbub Imteaz , Uddin Mohammad Kamal , Habib Md Rehan , Saifullah Md ANM , Uddin Md Royes , Saha Modhusudhan , Shil Bimal Chandra , Salam Farhana
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim and objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness between mannitol and sodium phosphate as a colonoscopic bowel cleansing agent conducted in the department of Gastroenterology of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 108 cases were randomly selected, who underwent colonoscopy from November 2019 to June 2020 in the department of Gastroenterology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on received bowel preparations agent, either mannitol (Group MN) or sodium phosphate (group NaP).
Results: Out of 108 patients 57 received mannitol and 51 received sodium phosphate. Thirty-two males and twenty-two females received mannitol, while 28 males and 23 females received sodium phosphate. Excellent bowel preparation was observed in 32(55%) cases of MN group and 26(45%) cases of group NaP. No statistically significant difference between two groups by Chi-square (X2) test (p=0.793).
Conclusion: This cross-sectional, randomized study did not show any significant statistical difference between the two agents regarding effectiveness of bowel preparation. So, both mannitol and sodium phosphate are almost equally effective in achieving excellent or good quality of bowel preparation.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 263-268
Breast feeding practice in a selected peri urban area of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Subhasish , Dey Soma Rani , Islam Khandaker Tarequl
Published: August 2022

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) offers optimum growth and development up to first six month of life. In Bangladesh, 55% of children less than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed according to BDHS 2014.the aim of the study is to assess the exclusive breast feeding practice and associated factors among children in peri- urban area of Bangladesh.
Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted at Jhalkuri under Narayanganj districts during the period of July to December 2014. Total 109 mothers having infants aged 6-12 months interviewed and included in this study.
Results: It was found that only 26(24%) mother went for regular antenatal checkup and remaining 83 (76%) had irregular antenatal check up. But none of them got breastfeeding advice during antenatal visit. Knowledge about breast milk as first food in 44(40%) mother. Mother informed to breast feeding exclusively upto six months only 53 (48%).Breastfeeding was initiated with in 1 hour of birth in 42(39%) cases and 67 (61%) cases after 1hour of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was found in 43 (40%) children. Among them 34 (79%) were children of housewife mothers. Mixed feeding (breast milk plus formula/ cow’s milk) was given to 52 children among them 25 (49%) were the children of housewife mothers. Only formula milk was given to 14 children of them 5(35%) were the children of housewife mothers. Exclusive breast milk was not given by 26(39%) mothers due to job or other occupation whereas 40(61%) mother did not give EBF due to insufficient breast milk.
Conclusion: In the study rate of exclusive breast feeding was 40%. This is lower compare to national level. This study also showed that frequency of exclusive breast feeding practice was lower in working mothers than housewife mothers. This study also showed that the speculation of not getting sufficient milk was one of the main reasons for not giving exclusive breastfeeding.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 274-279
Comparison of Disease Severity and In-hospital Outcome of COVID-19 among Non-vaccinated versus Vaccinated (1st dose) Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: an Observational Study
Authors: Rishad Mahbub Mayukh , Reza Ishrat Binte , Noor Nawsabah , Chowdhury Tasmina , Tahseen Homayra , Zahiruddin Mohammad , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 vaccines have a high rate of success in averting hospitalization and mortality. However, COVID-19 infection is still being detected among immunized patients, although with blunted severity. This study aimed to compare the severity and outcome of COVID-19 among immunized versus non-immunized individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 179 COVID-19 patients in Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. All the methods in the present study were carried out following the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. Data were collected from both hospital record and direct interview. Data were recorded in separated case record form and analyzed by STATA version 14.
Results: Mean age of the study patients was 55.42±14.20 (SD) years wherein maximum were male (61.5%). Fever (88.8%), cough (81.6%), dyspnea (47.5%) and sore throat (30.2%) were most common symptoms. Maximum patients werehypertensive (60.9%) and diabetic (58.7%). About 35.8% of patients had mild severity, while 27.9% had moderate, 23.4% had severe, and 12.8% had critical stage. Maximum patients (n=122, 68.2%) were nonvaccinated and rest (n=57, 31.8%) had received 1st dose of vaccine. Vaccinated patients had significantly higher frequency of having mild COVID-19 (57.9% vs 31.1%, p<0.001) and getting discharge with full recovery (94.7% vs 76.2%, p=0.003) compared to non-vaccinated patients. Moreover, non-vaccinated patients were more prone to develop critical clinical syndrome (10.6% vs 1.8%, p=0.039) and had died or referred to higher center (11.4% vs 1.8%, p=0.029) than vaccinated individuals.
Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with mild severity and lower rate of adverse outcome.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 293-299
Young boy having Enteric Fever passed through ICU due to Acute respiratory distress syndrome luckily survived
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Salim Mohammad , Tasnim Refaya , Mihi Tangila Jahan
Published: August 2022

Being part of a developing world, most of our population suffers from various infectious diseases, enteric fever is one of the commonest of all. A greater percentage of affected children and young adults recover without any complications. As its initial symptoms are very benign, sometimes proper treatment is delayed and that can lead to morbid situation. Our presented case is important to get reported because here a young man was about to die due to one of the rarest respiratory complications of enteric fever that very rapidly led to MODS. Fortunately, he survived for all the prompt clinical judgements were taken in time.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 304-307
A Case of Blood Group A2B with Anti A1 Antibody Reactive at 37°C
Authors: Chowdhury Fahmida Sharmin , Siddiqui Md Ali Ehsan , Burmon Tonmoy , Md Musa Chowdhury Fazal Mustakim Ameer , Banik Pulak Nath , Saha Prianka , Islam Mir Kamrul
Published: August 2022

Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group system. It is most important for transfusion medicine. Blood group A has several subtypes and most important are A1 and A2, upon which further groups of A and AB have been classified as A1, A2 and A1B, A2B. Of individuals with A antigen, approximately 20% belong to A2 while rest 80% belong to A1. Anti-A1 Lectin, a cold agglutinin which destroys A1 cells is clinically significant when they react at 37°C, causing transfusion reactions.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 312-316
Answer to Medical Quiz Vol. 33(3)
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Medicine 2022; 33: 320-321
SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI AWAL KERUSAKAN SERVER LINUX DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Wicahyo Budi , Basar Abdul Rohmad , Suryadi Agus
Published: August 2022

Abstract: An expert system that is able to identify the initial malfunction of a server with the linux operating system at BP Batam at the application layer based on the knowledge provided directly from experts / experts and through literature studies. This study uses the calculation method of Certainty Factor (CF) in calculating the level of expertise. This research data consists of indication data and data of server errors or problems, as well as data on rules. Expert systems in organizations, especially in BP Batam are aimed at adding value, increasing productivity and managerial areas that can draw conclusions quickly. The benefits obtained from an expert system that is able to diagnose and identify quickly, precisely and accurately to the indication of errors or problems caused are expected to be able to help server administrators in anticipating more severe system damage and can disrupt system operations at BP Batam.            Keywords: Certainty Factor; Expert System.  Abstrak: Sistem pakar yang mampu mengidentifikasi kerusakan awal server dengan sistem operasi linux di BP Batam pada layer aplikasi berdasarkan pengetahuan yang diberikan langsung dari pakar/ahlinya dan melalui studi literatur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perhitungan Certainty Factor (CF) dalam menghitung tingkat kepakaran. Data penelitian ini terdiri dari data indikasi dan data error atau permasalahan server, serta data aturan. Sistem pakar pada organisasi khususnya di BP Batam ditujukan untuk penambahan value, peningkatan produktivitas serta area manajerial yang dapat mengambil kesimpulan dengan cepat. Manfaat yang diperoleh dari sistem pakar yang mampu melakukan diagnosis dan identifikasi dengan cepat, tepat dan akurat terhadap indikasi error atau permasalahan yang ditimbulkan diharapkan mampu membantu para administrator server dalam mengantisipasi kerusakan sistem yang lebih parah dan dapat mengganggu operasional sistem di BP Batam.  Kata kunci: Certainty Factor; Sistem Pakar.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menentukan Kinerja Karyawan Menggunakan Metode SMART Dan SAW (Studi Kasus PT. RAPP Estate Mandau)
Authors: Akbar Fachreza , Nasution Nurliana
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Advances in information technology are growing in all aspects of life which in its application can facilitate human work. Humans in everyday life often encounter problems in making decisions. Problems that arise can be large or small in scale which greatly influences the outcome of the decision. Now humans are starting to develop systems that can help determine the best alternative in a problem, namely decision support system (DSS). PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (PT. RAPP) is a company engaged in the supply of pulp raw materials on an international scale and marketing at a global level but currently still uses the manual method to determine employee performance where the assessment is carried out indirectly, namely through the supervisor concerned. with each of his subordinates so that there is the possibility of inaccurate results due to doubts in providing non-objective judgments. From the results of the assessment to get the best employees, it becomes less targeted, a decision support system is needed with several methods, including the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods in order to get more precise results so that the assessment can be right on target and not detrimental to the employees being assessed. Keywords: Decision Support System; SMART Method; 9SAW Method; Employee Perfor-mance; Evaluation  Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi informasi semakin berkembang dalam segala aspek kehidupan yang pada penerapannya dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia. Manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sering menemui masalah dalam pengambilan keputusan. Masalah yang muncul dapat berskala besar atau kecil yang sangat berpengaruh dalam hasil keputusan. Sekarang ini manusia mulai mengembangkan sistem yang dapat membantu menentukan alternatif terbaik dalam suatu permasalahan, yaitu sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK). PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (PT. RAPP) adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri penyediaan bahan baku pulp berskala internasional dan pemasaran di tingkat global namun saat ini masih menggunakan dengan metode manual untuk menentukan kinerja karyawan dimana penilaian dilakukan secara tidak langsung yakni melalui atasan yang bersangkutan dengan masing-masing bawahannya sehingga adanya kemungkinan hasil yang tidak akurat akibat keraguan dalam memberikan penilaian yang tidak objektif. Dari hasil penilaian tersebut untuk mendapatkan karyawan terbaik pun menjadi kurang tepat sasaran maka dibutuhkan sistem pendukung keputusan dengan beberapa metode, diantaranya metode Simple Multi – Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) supaya mendapatkan hasil yang lebih tepat sehingga penilaian dapat tepat sasaran dan tidak merugikan terhadap karyawan yang dinilai. Kata kunci: Sistem Pendukung Keputusan;Metode SMART; Metode SAW; Kinerja Karyaw-an; Penilaian
Implementasi MCDM dengan Metode MOORA Pemilihan Guru Terbaik di SMKN PP 1 Kualuh Selatan
Authors: Wulandari Desi , Syah Arridha Zikra , Apridonal M Yori
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Education is one of the most important aspects in the world. Education continues to change and continues to develop in an orderly and logical manner. The world of education cannot be separated from the role of a teacher. The teacher is one of the most important aspects in the process of teaching and learning activities in the classroom to shape the character of students. Therefore, a teacher is expected to be able to create human resources who have the knowledge and abilities. Based on this, the selection of the best teachers needs to be done selectively so that the learning outcomes obtained by students are as expected at SMKN PP 1 Kualuh Selatan. already determined. With the implementation of the moora method in selecting the best teachers at SMKN PP 1 Kualuh Selatan, the selection of the best teachers becomes fast and precise where the results of the calculation of the web-based assessment system are 0.3099.            Keywords: MCDM; MOORA; Best Teacher Selection  Abstrak: Pendidikan adalah salah satu aspek yang sangat penting di dunia. pendidikan terus mengalami perubahan dan terus berkembang secara teratur dan logis. Dunia pendidikan tidak terlepas dari peran seorang guru. Guru adalah salah satu aspek yang sangat penting dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar dikelas untuk membentuk karakter siswa. Oleh karena itu, seorang guru diharapkan mampu menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai pengetahuan dan kemampuan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pemilihan guru terbaik perlu dilakukan secara selektif agar hasil pembelajaran yang diperoleh siswa sesuai dengan yang diharapkan pada  SMKN PP 1 Kualuh Selatan belum pernah melakukan pemilihan guru terbaik secara cepat dan tepat, pemilihan tersebut masih secara manual yaitu menilai berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Dengan diimplementasi metode moora dalam pemilihan guru terbaik pada SMKN PP 1 Kualuh Selatan maka pemilihan guru terbaik menjadi cepat dan tepat dimana hasil dari perhitungan sistem penilaian berbasis web adalah 0,3099. Kata kunci: MCD; MOORA; Pemilihan Guru Terbaik
Penerapan Metode Single Moving Average (SMA) Persediaan Jarum Suntik Pada Puskesmas Air Joman
Authors: Hasibuan Azura Rahmadani , Ramdhan William , Latiffani Chitra
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The Air Joman Health Center is a community health center that provides services in the form of medical services to the Air Joman community and its surroundings. Based on the observations made by the author, the use of syringes at the Air Joman Health Center fluctuates every month consisting of 1 ml  syringes, 2.5 ml syringes, 3 ml syringes, 5 ml syringes and 10 ml syringes. After use, the syringe should not be reused and must be discarded. However, sometimes there are obstacles in serving patients, this is due to the limitations of syringes. The number of needles data can only be estimated from the number of available medical devices (stock), because the need for each month is different. This resulted in not all the needs of medical devices were met and there was often additional stock. To overcome problems regarding the processing of medical device stock data, assistance with forecasting is needed, which is the process of estimating future demand. The forecasting system is designed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. Forecasting the supply of syringes at the Air Joman Health Center speeds up the cashier's work process to make reports because the forecasting system automatically produces forecasting results when the calculate button is clicked and prints the report. Keywords: Single Moving Average Method; Syringe Supplies; Joman Water Health Center.  Abstrak: Puskesmas Air Joman merupakan pusat kesehatan masyarakat yang memberikan pelayanan dalam bentuk jasa pengobatan kepada masyarakat Air Joman dan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan penulis, adapun penggunaan jarum suntik di Puskesmas Air Joman setiap bulan berfluktuasi yang terdiri atas jarum suntik 1 ml, jarum suntik 2,5 ml, jarum suntik 3 ml, jarum suntik 5 ml dan jarum suntik 10 ml. Setelah pemakaian, jarum suntik tidak boleh dipakai kembali dan harus dibuang. Namun, terkadang terjadi kendala dalam melayani pasien, hal ini disebabkan karena keterbatasan jarum suntik. Banyaknya data jarum suntik hanya bisa diperkirakan dari banyak atau sedikitnya alat kesehatan yang ada (stok), dikarenakan kebutuhan setiap bulan berbeda-beda. Hal ini mengakibatkan tidak semua kebutuhan alat kesehatan terpenuhi dan sering terjadi stok tambahan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan mengenai pengolahan data stok alat kesehatan, maka dibutuhkan bantuan dengan peramalan (forecasting) yang merupakan proses pengestimasian permintaan di masa mendatang. Sistem peramalan tersebut dirancang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Peramalan persediaan jarum suntik pada Puskesmas Air Joman mempercepat proses kerja Kasir untuk melakukan pembuatan laporan karena sistem peramalan secara otomatis menghasilkan hasil peramalan ketika diklik tombol hitung dan cetak laporan. Kata Kunci: Metode Single Moving Average; Persediaan Jarum Suntik; Puskesmas Air Joman.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Ketua Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Pada Kampus Stit Batu Bara Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Sugeno
Authors: Kalsum Umi , Helmiah Fauriatun , Afrisawati Afrisawati
Published: August 2022

Abstract: In research at the STIT Batu Bara Campus, where researchers have to decide and compare the quality of one candidate with another to select the students who volunteer to become a candidate who will have the opportunity to be selected later. And sometimes the emergence of a partial attitude towards one of the candidates. Therefore, a system designed to overcome these problems. In the problem above, the researcher uses a fuzzy logic solution using the Sugeno fuzzy method. The selection of the program to be made will use the fuzzy Sugeno method, because this method is able to group berkas based on the input that has been selected and apply predetermined rules so that it can determine who is more entitled to the opportunity as Chair of the BEM at the STIT Batu Bara Campus.Keywords:  Student Executive Board; Fuzzy Sugeno Method.  Abstrak: Pada penelitian di Kampus STIT Batu Bara, dimana peneliti harus memutuskan dan membandingkan kualitas calon yang satu dengan yang lain untuk menyeleksi para mahasiswa yang mengajukan diri untuk menjadi seorang calon yang akan berkesempatan untuk dipilih nanti. Dan terkadang timbulnya sikap memihak terhadap salah satu pencalon. Oleh karena itu, Suatu sistem yang dirancang untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dalam masalah di atas, peneliti menggunakan penyelesaian dengan logika fuzzy metode fuzzy sugeno. Untuk penyeleksian program yang akan dibuat akan menggunakan metode fuzzy sugeno, karena metode ini mampu mengelompokkan data berdasarkan input yang telah dipilih dan menerapkan aturan yang telah ditetapkan sehingga dapat menentukan siapa yang lebih berhak mendapat kesempatan sebagai Ketua BEM di Kampus STIT Batu Bara. Kata Kunci: Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa; Metode Fuzzy Sugeno.
Wuthering heights’ three Chinese translated versions’ reception in China: Translation, publication, and dissemination
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Lee Charity , Halim Huzaina Abdul
Published: August 2022

This study aims to explore the reception of Wuthering Heights in China by conducting comparative study on its three Chinese-translated versions, which were published in three periods, to examine how these versions have been translated, published, and disseminated. This study applies historical and archival research methods, close reading methods and comparative methods. The researchers collected the data from the original text of Wuthering Heights and its three Chinese-translated versions, relevant monographs, academic papers and information about the three versions. The academic papers were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the most authoritative database in China for scientific publications. The information of the three versions was obtained from the Chinese online Chaoxing database, which is the most extensive database that provides information on books based on big data. First, the researchers explored the translation journey of Wuthering Heights in China and the information of its three representative versions that appeared at different times. Second, the researchers investigated the publication route of the three versions, concentrating on the information of the publishing houses, the formats of the three versions and the reprint edition. Third, the researchers analyzed the dissemination of the three versions in the Chinese literary field, focusing on the library collections, citations and academic circle comments. This paper concludes that the translation and circulation process of the three versions promoted the dissemination of Wuthering Heights in China to a great extent. The reasons for the extensive dissemination of Wuthering Heights in China are its excellent charm, translators and scholars’ efforts and Chinese readers’ passion for it.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Penemuan Terbimbing Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas VIII SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sari Purnia , Hanifah Hanifah , Susanta Agus
Published: August 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan LKPD berbasis Penemuan Terbimbing pada materi bangun ruang sisi yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan memodifikasi prosedur 4-D Thiagarajan menjadi 3 Tahapan yaitu tahap pendefinisian, tahap perancangan dan tahap pengembangan yang terdiri dari uji validitas, uji kepraktisan dan uji efektifitas. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar validitas, lembar kepraktisan, dan lembar efektifitas LKPD. Hasil penelitian pengembangan LKPD ini menunjukan bahwa LKPD Berbasis Penemuan Terbimbing Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas VIII SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kriteria: sangat valid dengan skor rata-rata 4,56, sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 4,46, dan sangat efektif dengan skor rata-rata 4,72.Kata Kunci : Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Penemuan Terbimbing,  Pengembangan. AbstactThis research aimed to produce student worksheet based on guided discovery for Polyhedrons lesson that is valid, practical, and effective. This research was a developmental research (Research and Development) by modifying Thiagarajan 4D procedure into 3 phases which are defining, designing, and developing phase consisting of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The instruments of this research study were the validated sheet, the practicality sheet, and the effective sheet. The result of Student worksheet (LKPD) based on Guided Discovery  for Polyhedrons lesson at SMPN 20 Bengkulu City was very valid with an average score about 4,56, very practical with an average score about 4,46, and very effective with an average score about 4,72.Keywords : Student Worksheet, Guided Discovery, Development.
Pengembangan LKPD Menggunakan Pendekatan PMRI Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter Pada Materi Segitiga dan Segiempat di SMP Negeri 15 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Alamsyah Novryan , Hanifah Hanifah , Muchlis Effie Efrida
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lembar kerja peserta didik matematika dengan pendekatan PMRI pada materi segitiga dan segiempat yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan prosedur pengembangan 4-D yang dibatasi sampai tahap ketiga yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perancangan (design), dan tahap pengembangan (develop) terdiri dari uji validitas, uji kepraktisan dan uji efektifitas LKPD.  Kepraktisan LKPD diujikan kepada 29 peserta didik kelas VII.E. Efektifitas LKPD diuji pada peserta didik kelas VII.C berjumlah 30 peserta didik. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah lembar validitas, lembar kepraktisan dan lembar efektifitas LKPD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LKPD menggunakan pendekatan PMRI berbasis pendidikan karakter pada materi segitiga dan segiempat di kelas VII SMP Negeri 15 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kategori: (a) sangat valid dengan skor rata-rata 4,36, (b) sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 4,47, dan (c) sangat efektif dengan skor rata-rata 4,57.Kata Kunci : Penelitian Pengembangan, LKPD, PMRI ,Pendidikan Karakter