bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for assessing the completeness of seed treatment of wheat and barley
Authors: Chervyakova L. , Panchenko T. , Tsurkan O. , Adamenko N.
Published: August 2020

Goal. To develop a method for the determination of imidacloprid, clothianidin, prothioconazole and tebuconazole in the treatment seeds of wheat and barley.

Methods. Active substances were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Mathematical-statistical method for evaluate the linear range of the dependence of the area of the chromatographic zone on the amount of active substance was used.

Results. The determination of pesticides includes a number of basic stage: characteristic the matrix by the ratio of the content of coextracting substances, that interfere with the determination, and the content of pesticides; classification of pesticides by polarity in according to the dipole moment (µ, D); extraction from the analyzed sample by organic solvent with corresponding of the dielectric constant, ε; purification; qualitative and quantitative determination. In the case of the analysis of treatment seeds, in which the amount of pesticides is much greater than coextracting compounds, the stages of classification and purification are excluded from the analysis. The extraction is carried out with ethanol. Qualitative determination of pesticides is carried out on plates with a thin layer of adsorbent (silicagel) in the mobile phase (mixture of hexane and ethanol, ε = 7.49) with using corresponding reagents. Silver ammonia (AgNO3) solution and followed by UV irradiation of the chromatogram is used for identification halogen-containing pesticides (zones of localization of compounds are formed dark spots of reduced silver). Pesticides containing donor atoms of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, identify by bromphenol blue (BPB) and subsequent bleaching of the background with an solution of citric acid (zones of localization of compounds are formed blue spots form on a light background). The active substances are identified with the corresponding Rf of the zones localization. Quantitatively of active substances is determined by the calibration dependence of the area of compound’ chromatographic zone on its quantity. For all four compounds, this dependence is linear in the concentration range of 0.20 — 0.80 µg and is described by the regression equation for: imidacloprid y = 6.25x + 5.45; for clothianidine y = 11.65x + 6.70; for prothioconazole y = 28.7x + 2.05; for tebuconazole y = 13.00x + 7.00. In all cases, the correlation between the indicators is estimated as strong (r = 0.99).

Conclusions The algorithm for assessing the completeness of the treatment of wheat and barley seeds is an express control method and using the thin layer chromatography method allows to determine four active substances in one sample during one analysis with high accuracy (relative error of less than 5% at n = 5, P = 0.95) excluding laborious experiment.
Evaluation of efficacy of modern fungicides against fusarium head blight on winter wheat
Authors: Dzham M.
Published: August 2020

Goal. To study the influence of modern biological and chemical preparations on the development of fungi of the genus Fusariumunder conditions of artificial inoculation.

Methods. The efficacy of fungicides was studied in 2018—2019 in the Zhytomyr region, Pulinsky district under the conditions of artificial inoculation on winter wheat of the Bogdan variety. Mixture of conidia of the fusarium fungi (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum) was used for ear inoculation. The plot area was 2 m2 in four replications, the plot placement was randomized. The inoculation of winter wheat ears was carried out at the phase of mass flowering. At the phase of milky-wax maturity, records were taken to determine the spread and development of the disease. The following fungicides were used to protect wheat crops: Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha, Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha, Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha, Alliot 250 EC, 0.5 l/ ha, Bumper Super EC, 1.2 l/ha and mixtures of Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Haupsin 0.2 l/ha, Magnello350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha.

Results. The results obtained during the years of investigationsindicate that the used preparations are efficient for the protection of crops from fusarium head blight on winter wheat. However,not all fungicides tested had high enough efficacy. The most effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceumunder conditions of Zhytomyr region were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation (Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha). Efficacy of fungicides used against these pathogens ranged from 69.2% to 75.2%. After fungicide application the weight of 1000 grains increased by 7.3—13.6 g. Significant difference between experimental variants and untreated check on 1000 grain weight was noted. With the use of fungicides, the yield increased by 22.3—24.8%.

Conclusions. The analysis of the protection against fusarium head blight convinces the need to apply chemical protection measures when weather conditions are favorable for the development of the disease. In the growing seasons of 2018—2019, under conditions of the Zhytomyr region, the most promising and effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha.
Polymorphism of Ukrainian common winter wheat cultivars with respect to the molecular marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance against Fusarium head blight
Authors: Kozub N. , Sozinova O. , Karelov A. , Sozinov I. , Kucheriavyi I. , Tishchenko V. , Batashova M. , Gusenkova O. , Blume Ya.
Published: August 2020

Goal. The goal of the work was to evaluate the genetic potential of resistance to Fusarium head blight of collections of winter common wheat cultivars based on the allelic state of the TDF_076_2D gene conferring moderate resistance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. fungi.

Materials and methods. We studied 68 winter common wheat cultivars developed in different scientific-breeding institutions of Ukraine (the Myronivka Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS, the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (PBGI), the Рlant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuryev of NAAS, Poltava State Agrarian Academy (PSAA)). A silica-based commercial kit was used for DNA extraction. To detect the allelic state of the resistance gene, the INDEL1 marker cosegregating with the TDF_076_2D gene was used. Amplified fragments obtained as a result of PCR were separated in 3% agarose gel and visualized with use of ethidium bromide.

Results. The frequency of the resistance allele according to the INDEL1 marker for the gene conferring moderate resistance to the Fusarium fungi ranged from 0.682 in the sample of PBGI cultivars to 0.882 in the PSAA group; the frequency of the resistance allele in the total sample made up 0.782. It was found that the cultivar ‘Poliovyk’ showed a non-typical pattern of amplified bands, which possibly indicates the allele for susceptibility to Fusarium head blight.

Conclusions. The majority of the common wheat cultivars from the studied sample carry the resistance allele of the marker for the gene of interest. The data obtained are consistent with the results of the previous research of the wider sample of the winter and spring common wheat cultivars. The cultivars with the resistance allele might show a lower infection level in the field and serve as a source of the gene in marker assisted selection. The cultivar ‘Poliovyk’ is worth more detailed studying with use of other molecular markers for the TDF_076_2D gene and (or) sequencing to find out a precise allelic state of the gene.
Odontometrí­a y variantes morfológicas dentales en piezas dentarias del maya prehispánico del Museo Nacional de Arqueologí­a y Etnologí­a de Guatemala (MUNAE)
Authors: Fernández Rodas Francisco René , Rosales Escribá Guillermo , Zuleta Mejí­a Sergio José
Published: August 2020

uatemala es conocida mundialmente por sus volcanes, lagos, flora y fauna, por sus colores, su cultura, sus tradiciones y por su gente amable y trabajadora; además de todo eso Guatemala tiene la dicha de ser llamada ”La Cuna de la Civilización Maya”. Por todo lo descrito anteriormente, nace la inquietud de realizar un estudio que reúna por primera vez datos sobre variantes morfológicas y odontométricas de los dientes de la población maya del perí­odo prehispánico. En la presente investigación fueron estudiadas, analizadas y medidas todas las piezas dentales permanentes evaluables (apico-coronalmente), así­ como las variantes morfológicas tales como: diente en pala, enanismo radicular, tubérculo de carabelli, tubérculo sextum, etc., que se encontraron en la población maya estudiada. Para la elaboración de esta investigación se contó con el apoyo profesional del Dr. Guillermo Rosales Escribá, quien con su experiencia en el campo de la Morfologí­a y Anatomí­a Dental aportó su conocimiento para poder completar este estudio, así­ como la colaboración de las autoridades y personal del ”Museo Nacional de Arqueologí­a y Etnologí­a de Guatemala (MUNAE)”, quienes prestaron las piezas dentales que se utilizaron para esta investigación. El MUNAE es una institución pública guatemalteca encargada de la conservación, investigación y difusión de los bienes arqueológicos y etnológicos, pertenecientes al Patrimonio

Cultural de la Nación de Guatemala
Do Japanese University Students Want to Study Abroad?
Authors: Burden Peter
Published: August 2020

Despite the global importance of English, whether Japanese university students want to study English abroad is unclear. Questionnaire responses from 559 students at a Global B university in Japan show some nuanced views on English related to studying overseas which were linked to perceived ability level, anxiety, and confidence issues. The findings suggest teachers need to decrease anxiety in classrooms, encourage positive images of overseas locations, and shape future expectations of success for learners’ English-learning selves to help them focus their learning.

昨今のグローバル化時代では、英語は当然もっているべきほぼ普遍的な基礎的スキルになっている。とはいえ、実際に日本の大学生は海外留学をしたがっているのだろうか？本研究では、「グローバルB」指定の日本の大学で５５９名の学生を対象にアンケート調査を実施した。その調査は、自己の能力レベル・不安・自信と留学に関して抱く英語に対する考え方を調査したものだ。分析結果から、教師は学生の不安を軽減するような教室の雰囲気作りや、海外留学のイメージを良くし、学習者自身の英語学習がうまくいく期待感を形成させたりする必要があることが示唆できる。
Estudio de propiedades fotofísicas de sensores del tipo bis-fluoroforicos y su aplicación en la detección de iones metálicos
Authors: Aguilar-Martínez Xiomara Elizabeth , Martínez-Quiroz Marisela , Oropeza-Guzmán Mercedes Teresita
Published: August 2020

Las ciudades industrializadas como Tijuana desechan gran cantidad de agua con contenido de elementos metálico, resultado de los subproductos, que representan un riesgo para la salud. Una alternativa propuesta es el uso de sensores químicos basados en diferentes mecanismos. El enfoque de este proyecto es el estudio de macromoléculas bis-o-aminobenzamida, como sensores selectores de iones metálicos con aplicación en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Se estudió una serie de cinco compuestos bis-o-aminobenzamidas como sensores químicos capaces de seleccionar y coordinar con metales disueltos en el agua, además de poder remover estos metales en presencia del coagulante natural Pectina la cual fue extraída de la penca del nopal. Para ello se preparó distintas concentraciones de los cinco compuestos, se seleccionó la más adecuada para los análisis y se puso en contacto con soluciones de distintos iones. Los compuestos y su coordinación fueron evaluados por espectroscopias de fluorescencia, UV-Visible y potencial Zeta. Además, se obtuvo micrografías SEM a la remoción obtenida. Los cinco sensores evaluados presentan distintas intensidades de fluorescencia, al estar en contacto con algunos iones metálicos se formaba una coordinación que abate la emisión de fluorescencia. Se estudiaron las propiedades fluorescentes en solución variando la concentración de ligando y se realizó el estudio de su interacción con diferentes metales de interés ambiental. Se determinó la influencia de la naturaleza de la cadena central de interconexión en las propiedades fluorescentes de la biblioteca estudiada. Estos ligandos presentan características fluorescentes interesantes, lo que les confiere un valor potencial como sensores para metales, presentando una sensibilidad para el ion Cu+2 en todos los casos.
Benito Pérez Galdós, Cuentos fantásticos, Madrid, Cátedra, 1996; ed. de Alan E. Smith, 298 pp
Authors: Álvarez Castro Luis
Published: August 2020

Reseña del libro "Cuentos fantásticos".
Prospects for the development of Mongolia’s Coal export
Authors: Sokolov A. , Takaishvili L. , Punsalmaagiin O.
Published: August 2020

In recent years, Mongolian coal export has grown and gained great importance for the country. The significant resources of high-quality coal and demand for coal in the international market contribute to the augmentation of Mongolian coal export. The expanding coal supplies to the international market affect greatly the development of coal mining in Mongolia. The paper presents the status of coal resources and the characteristics of the most ambitious projects for the development of coal export. The most significant coal development projects are mainly related to the development of deposits in the South Gobi region. Foreign companies that hold licenses for the development of deposits take part in the development of coal deposits. Current and potential future restrictions on the development of coal export are given. The main of them are the lack of access to the seacoast, as Mongolia is a landlocked country; state of transportation infrastructure; the availability of resources for the development of production, and the geopolitical conditions affecting the demand for coal in the world market. Coal exports can be delivered to the international market from the seaports of China and Russia, through the territories of these countries. Further increase in coal export from Mongolia depends on the development of transportation and production infrastructures; the situation in the international coal market; the availability of resources for the development of deposits; and opportunities to increase the volume of exploration. In the future, Mongolia could become one of the world's major coal exporters.
Reliability Assessment of Electric Power System with Distributed Generation Facilities
Authors: Papkov B. , Osokin V.
Published: August 2020

Modern power supply systems that have distributed generation and are connected to the electric power system, renewable energy sources, and storage devices, require changes in the assessment of their reliability indices. The complexity of the energy, technological, and organizational structures of power systems with distributed generation does not allow the traditional concept of "failure" to be used to assess their reliability. Many technological solutions used in the distributed generation projects can become sources of vulnerabilities in the infrastructure of an intelligent electrical network. The study shows that power systems with distributed generation are the structures with overlapping service areas, which determines their specific features represented by an integral characteristic - efficiency. It characterizes the extent to which the use of distributed generation facilities in various operating conditions is feasible. The paper proposes an approach to quantifying the efficiency of such systems. The presented examples demonstrate the calculation of relatively simple power systems with the distributed generation that perform several tasks simultaneously.
Reducing gender bias in STEM
Authors: Kong Stephanie M. , Carroll Katherine M. , Lundberg Daniel J. , Omura Paige , Lepe Bianca A.
Published: August 2020

Women continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Gender discrimination and gender bias reinforce cultural stereotypes about women and their ability to perform in male-dominated STEM fields. Greater policy intervention can bolster national response to gender-based harassment and discrimination. There are four major efforts that individual institutions, local governments, and the federal government can support to combat gender discrimination in STEM: (1) invest in early education initiatives for increasing female representation,(2) institute stronger state and federal policies around gender discrimination, (3) foster workplace practices that promote diversity, and (4) develop better quantification and metrics for assessing gender discrimination to enact more meaningful policies.
Institutions and governments can slow climate change by regulating and reducing halocarbon refrigerant use
Authors: Wolf Martin , Meier Adam , Nyland Bridget , Youn Sejong
Published: August 2020

Halocarbon refrigerant emissions are the fastest-growing source of greenhouse gas emissions around the globe. The continued use of these refrigerants poses serious environmental threats. In the absence of strong federal regulation on halocarbon use, state and local governments and institutions can commit to reducing halocarbon refrigerant emissions. Here, we outline policies that governments and users of these refrigerants can adopt to minimize their emissions. These policies include cataloging and maintaining their climate control equipment and committing to alternative refrigerants with lesser environmental impacts.
Antibiotic resistance: How to prevent the next public health emergency
Authors: Yee Emma H. , Cheng Steven S. , Knappe Grant A.
Published: August 2020

Antibiotics are a vital component of global health. By killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, antibiotics treat infections like pneumonia, staph, and tuberculosis. By preventing infections, they enable major medical procedures such as surgeries and chemotherapy. However, bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to current antibiotics, causing an estimated 34,000 deaths annually in the US. Left unchecked, antibiotic resistance will have major public health consequences, causing over 5 million deaths each year by 2050. Major causes of this crisis are the misuse of existing antibiotics and the slow development of new antibiotics. To incentivize responsible use, governments and institutions are initiating education programs, mandating comprehensive hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, and funding the development of rapid diagnostics. To bring new antibiotic drugs to market, the US government and other non-governmental organizations are funding scientific research toward antibiotic development. Additional incentives are being pursued to improve the commercial viability of antibiotic development and protect drug developers from the unique challenges of the antibiotic market. With diligent efforts to improve responsible use and encourage novel antibiotic drug discovery, we can decrease the global disease burden, save money, and save lives.
Coral reefs are critical for our food supply, tourism, and ocean health. We can protect them from climate change
Authors: Rivera Hanny E. , Chan Andrea N.
Published: August 2020

As many as 1 billion people across the planet depend on coral reefs for food, coastal protection, cultural practices, and income. Corals, the animals that create these immensely biodiverse habitats, are particularly vulnerable to climate change and inadequately protected. Increasing ocean temperatures leave corals starved as they lose their primary source of food: the photosynthetic algae that live within their tissue. Ocean warming has been impacting coral reefs around the globe for decades, with the latest 2014-2016 heat stress event affecting more than 75% of the world’s corals. Here, we discuss the benefits humans derive from healthy reefs, the threats corals face, and review current policies and management efforts. We also identify management and policy gaps in preserving coral habitats. The gain and urgency of protecting coral reefs is evident from their vast economic and ecological value. Management and restoration efforts are growing across the globe, and many of these have been influential in mitigating local stressors to reefs such as overfishing, nutrient inputs, and water quality. However, the current trajectory of ocean temperatures requires sweeping global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to effectively safeguard the future of coral reefs. The U.S. should stand as a world leader in addressing climate change and in preserving one of the planet’s most valuable ecosystems.
A self driving license: Ensuring autonomous vehicles deliver on the promise of safer roads
Authors: Bradley Christopher
Published: August 2020

Upon maturation, autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to provide significant benefit to society. A breadth of partially autonomous systems are already commercially available, and vehicles with advanced capabilities are tested and deployed on public roads. Although the advancement of AV technology is highly anticipated, the future of the industry currently rests on uncertain ground with respect to regulatory oversight. The current industry standards and legal regulations which apply to AVs are only equipped to fully ensure that simple autonomous capabilities are safe. As vehicles become more autonomous, and as driving decisions are shifted from human to computer, a regulatory paradigm shift will be necessary. This article reviews the present state of AV safety standards and regulations, and discusses the potential for regulatory evolution.
Federal R&D funding: the bedrock of national innovation
Authors: Mandt Rebecca , Seetharam Kushal , Cheng Chung H. M.
Published: August 2020

The U.S. government’s financial commitment to scientific research has significantly declined in the past few decades. Recent research has also revealed a lack of public awareness of the importance of federal research and development (R&D) funding; only one in four Americans believe that the government’s role in science is indispensable. In this paper, we argue that federal funding provides the bedrock for the U.S.’s innovation infrastructure while guiding the national research agenda to benefit society. We first examine which projects the federal government chooses to fund, concluding that federally-funded R&D focuses heavily on use-inspired basic research and supporting work which is in line with the missions of federal agencies, missions that prioritize societal needs. Next, we examine how federal science funding uniquely addresses market failures of private sector R&D while catalyzing innovation more broadly. We close by proposing specific tailored communication strategies to galvanize public excitement about science, thereby mustering sustained public support for federal R&D funding.
An Assessment of Measures Medical Imaging Personnel Use to Avoid the Breakdown of Diagnostic Radiologic Equipment in Some Health Facilities in Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon
Authors: Daki Awo Macclevis , Mugop Ndzi Sandry , Berinyuy Fondzenyuy Claudia , Mbinkong Soweh Raymond
Published: August 2020

The proper and correct diagnosis of diseases is the primary necessity before the treatment and so sophisticated equipment are needed for better diagnosis. Frequent breakdown of these equipment faced by personnel during service delivery lead to movement of patients to other health facilities, failure to attend to patients for which in case of emergency will lead to death of patients. This was an investigative cross sectional study aimed at assessing measures to avoid equipment breakdown.This study was carried out in some selected health facilities in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon which lasted for 1 month (from the 22ndJanuary to 21st February 2019). Semi-structured questionnaires were designed and used to collect primary data from 20participants in the sampled hospitals. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 23.0 by the research analyst. The results obtained showed thatout of the 20 participants, (15)75% were males while(5)25% were females. The most represented age group was the 20-30 years age group, and the least represented age group was in the 42-52. The most common cause of equipment breakdown was electrical faults (75%), 45% of participantsdid not carry out quality control programs and the measures to avoid this breakdown was the use of appropriate parameters (80%).Based on results obtained, it was concluded that the major cause of equipment breakdown was electrical faults.
Analysis of Poultry Litter as a Fuel Source in Cogeneration
Authors: Dhavane Nilesh C. , Chitragar Dr. Parashuram R.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research work is to utilize the available poultry litter as a substitutional fuel in cogeneration power plant in the sugar factory. In India, tons of poultry litter is damaging the fields due to uncontrolled disposal of poultry litter as fertilizer. It also contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases namely methane and carbon dioxide thus polluting the atmosphere. About 100 tons per day manure can be collected which can be used as fuel source at the location selected. With this amount of fuel available, energy can be generated in the cogeneration power plant. ost feasible of this work that can be implemented in cogeneration power plant in sugar factory.
Designing Open-Ended Instruction for Improving Elementary School Student’s Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Fitriyah Ludiana , Amin Siti Maghfirotun , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko
Published: August 2020

The ability to think critically is an important ability that elementary school students must have. The ability to think critically helps students make the right decisions about what to believe and what actions to take in the present or in the future. The ability to think critically can be developed by an open-ended approach to learning mathematics. The open-ended approach uses open-ended problems that have more than one correct answer and various ways of solving. Open-ended problem is expected to motivate students to find solutions independently so that in the process students' critical thinking ability will increase. This study aims to describe the process of developing mathematics learning tools using an open-ended approach for fourth-grade elementary school students to improve critical thinking ability. The learning tools development model consists of 3 phases, namely preliminary research (needs and context analysis, review of literature, development of a conceptual or theoretical framework for the study), prototyping phase (syllabus design, lesson plans, worksheets and expert validation) and assessment phase (limited trials). The trial in this study used a one-group pretest-posttest design with the research subjects of 19 fourth-grade students at Kedungdoro I/306 elementary school. The data collection technique used a device validation sheet, an observation sheet for the implementation of lesson plans and student activities, a student response questionnaire and a critical thinking ability test. The data obtained were analyzed using the average score which was converted according to the defined categories. The results show that the learning tools developed are valid based on the assessment of the two validators, practical based on the implementation of the lesson plan and student activities in the "very good" category, and effective based on the responses of students who are in the "strong" category and student's critical thinking ability that significantly increased with medium category based on paired sample t-test and N-Gain analysis.
Socio-Demographic Attributes, Religious Practice and Treatment Adherence among the Mentally–Ill Attending Out- Patient Clinicofa Neuropsychiatric Hospital, South West, Nigeria
Authors: E.O Ogbebor , T. R Ogunfowokan , E. O Omitogun , I. D Owoeye , O. Z. Soyinka-Ayodele
Published: August 2020

Treatment Adherence is as important as the air a mentally-ill person breathes, and it’s a long term issue while religious practices is a factor that may influence either positively or negatively. To determine the influences of religious practices on treatment adherence among the mentally-ill attending the out-patient clinic of a Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta. Both quantitative (cross sectional survey) and qualitative (focus group discussion) designs was utilized for the study. The target populations for the study were the patients attending the out-patient clinic of Neuropsychiatric hospital, Abeokuta. The sample included 167 participants that answered the questionnaires and four focus group discussions consisting of 40 participants. Simple random sampling was used to select the participants.  Results: The overall treatment adherent level reveals that majority of the respondents where adherent (63.7%), 6.6% were non adherent while 28.7% were neutral. 86.8% agreed that their religious practices do not affect their treatment adherence but 13.2 said religious practices influence their treatment adherence. Despite the fact that 59.3% of the participants were unemployed, the rate of treatment adherence was still high among the respondents and 55.7% said side effect of the drug do not affect their drug compliance. The study concluded that the respondents were adherent and that religious practice do not influence their treatment adherence.
Design and Analysis of Remote Operated Water Bodies Cleaning Machine
Authors: K M Harikrishnan , Tom Livin , Fahim P H Mohammed , Shameer A A Muhammed , Anto Rinto K
Published: August 2020

This project demanded to clean the water debris by reducing the man work and time consumption using the electronic embedded system. Mainly project pointed to easy handling and eco-friendly machine. The collected wastage can be used in recycle platforms. The project aimed is mainly to seventy percentage of impurities cleaned in water bodies by this project.
Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Atherosclerosis Among Young Adults
Authors: Prabhukumar Y , . Subhashini
Published: August 2020

Atherosclerosis is responsible for 50% of all death in Weston societies and it is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries1 . Heart attacks, stroke and peripheral arterial diseases are developed by atherosclerotic diseases. The incidence is difficult to measure accurately due to its asymptomatic condition. Over 370,000 death occurs annually due to coronary heart disease in the modernized society. Men over 45 years are more predominant to develop plague rupture and it contributes 75% of myocardial infarctions1 . 90% cardiovascular disease related death can be prevented by lifestyle changes. A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of younger adults on prevention of atherosclerosis in outpatient department, Baptist hospital, Bangalore. Hundred voluntaries are enrolled to the study and prior consent was taken. The mean age of the study participant are 29.4 ± 5.2 years and 53.0% were males and 47.0% were females. 34.0% are graduates. In the regards to level of knowledge it was classified as adequate, moderate and Inadequate and the result is 27.0%, 56.0% and 17.0% respectively. The chi-square value of χ 2 = 4.29 (p=0.116) between Educational status and level of knowledge and χ 2 = 4.76 (p=0.092) between gender and level of knowledge shows, there is no statistically significant associations. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for age and income with knowledge. The r = 0.08 (p=0.434) of age and knowledge, r = -0.05 (p=0.632) of income and knowledge both shows negligible correlation with no significance.  Conclusion This study concludes that the knowledge on prevention of atherosclerosis among young adults are moderate and there is no relationship was observed with knowledge and educational status, gender, age and income. This result may suggest to have awareness programme on prevention of atherosclerosis among young adults to improve their lifestyle by enhancing the knowledge.
COVID-19 İÇİN MOLEKÜLER TANI YÖNTEMLERİNE GENEL BAKIŞ
Authors: SEMEN Zeynep , EKİCİ Seda , MALAS Büşra
Published: August 2020

Bu derleme, kısa bir süre içinde pandemiye sebep olan, yeni bir koronavirüs SARS-CoV-2’nin moleküler tanı yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Global olarak ciddi bir tahribata yol açan COVID-19 pandemisini önleyebilmek adına, hassas ve spesifik laboratuvar teşhis metotlarının geliştirilmesi, vakaların hızlı ve güvenilir şekilde tanımlanabilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Diyagnostik testler COVID-19 pandemisinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır ve oynamaya devam edecektir. COVID-19 için şüphelenilen vaka tanımını karşılayan hastalardan hızla numune alınması ve test edilmesi klinik yönetim ve salgın kontrolü için bir önceliktir. Solunum sekresyonlarında SARS-CoV-2 saptama yeteneği, bireyin enfekte olma zamanını ve diğer kişilere bulaştırma potansiyelini belirlemek için gereklidir. Viral tespit, bireysel hastaların tanımlanması, pandemi yönetimi ve ayrıca virüsün bir topluluğa ne zaman bulaştığını ve ne kadar hızla yayıldığını belirlemek için kullanılır. Topluluklar, kapanma dönemlerinin ardından yeniden açılmaya çalıştıkça, hem SARS-CoV-2'nin hem de virüsü tanıyan spesifik antikorların saptanması, bireylerde ve topluluklarda enfeksiyon ve bağışıklığın değerlendirilmesi için bir araç olarak giderek daha önemli hale gelecektir. Bu amaçla, SARS-CoV-2 genomunu tespit etmeye yönelik nükleik asit amplifikasyon testleri ve serolojik testler kullanılmaktadır.
The Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated With Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Pedro Sofia , Michaud Kaleb
Published: August 2020

Objective

To examine the comparative effects of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) and tofacitinib against conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

RA patients with ≥ 1 year of participation in the FORWARD study, from 1998 through 2017, were assessed for incident composite CVD events (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and CVD-related death validated from hospital/death records). DMARD were categorized into 7 mutually exclusive groups: (1) csDMARD-referent; (2) tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi); (3) abatacept (ABA); (4) rituximab; (5) tocilizumab; (6) anakinra; and (7) tofacitinib. Glucocorticoids (GC) were assessed using a weighted cumulative exposure model, which combines information about duration, intensity, and timing of exposure into a summary measure by using the weighted sum of past oral doses (prednisolone equivalent). Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for confounders.

Results

During median (IQR) 4.0 (1.7–8.0) years of follow-up, 1801 CVD events were identified in 18,754 RA patients. The adjusted model showed CVD risk reduction with TNFi (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.93) and ABA (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.83) compared to csDMARD. While higher GC exposure as weighted cumulative exposure was associated with increased CVD risk (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11–1.19), methotrexate (MTX) use was associated with CVD risk reduction [use vs nonuse HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, and high dose (> 15 mg/week) vs low dose (≤ 15 mg/week) HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99].

Conclusion

ABA and TNFi were associated with decreased risk of CVD compared to csDMARD. Minimizing GC use and optimizing MTX dose may improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with RA.
Evaluation of Bone Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Ultrasound Score for Erosions Versus the Modified Sharp/van der Heijde Score for Erosions
Authors: Grosse Julien , Allado Edem , Albuisson Éliane , Pierreisnard Audrey , Couderc Marion , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle , Loeuille Damien
Published: August 2020

Objective.

To evaluate the relationship between the UltraSound Score for Erosions (USSe) and the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score for erosions (SHSe).

Methods.

One hundred eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were included. On radiography, SHSe was evaluated by 2 or 3 blinded readers (in case of discordance). On ultrasonography, erosions were scored on 6 bilateral joints (metacarpophalangeal joints 2,3,5; metatarsophalangeal joints 2,3,5) with a 4-point scale to calculate the USSe.

Results.

The Pearson correlation was good (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and the agreement illustrated by a Bland-Altman plot was excellent (91%) between the 2 scores, which were complementary in detecting erosions.

Conclusion.

The USSe seems to be a valuable tool for assessing erosive damage in RA.
IgA Vasculitis With Underlying Liver Cirrhosis: A French Nationwide Case Series of 20 Patients
Authors: Elhani Ines , Pillebout Evangéline , Terrier Benjamin , Hankard Antoine , Vrtovsnik François , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Greillier Sophie , Groh Matthieu , Belfeki Nabil , Bigot Adrien , de Boysson Hubert , Pageaux Georges-Philippe , Raffray Loïc , Urbanski Geoffrey , Ollivier Isabelle , Maillot Francois , Aouba Achille , Audemard-Verger Alexandra ,   Alexandra Audemard-Verger on behalf of the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) and the HSPrognosis Group
Published: August 2020

Objective

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) and nephropathy (IgAN) share common immunological mechanisms. Liver cirrhosis is well known to be associated with IgAN. Here, we aimed to describe the presentation and outcome of IgAV patients with underlying cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a French nationwide retrospective study of adult patients presenting with both IgAV and cirrhosis. Baseline characteristics were compared to those of the 260 patients included in the French nationwide IgAV registry (IGAVAS).

Results

Twenty patients were included, and 7 (35%) were female. The mean ± SD age was 62.7 ± 11 years. At baseline, compared with IGAVAS patients, patients with underlying cirrhosis were older (62.7 ± 11 vs 50.1 ± 18, P < 0.01) and displayed more constitutional symptoms (weight loss 25% vs 8%, P = 0.03). Patients with underlying cirrhosis were also more likely to exhibit elevated serum IgA levels (5.6 g/L vs 3.6 g/L, P = 0.02). Cirrhosis and IgAV were diagnosed simultaneously in 12 patients (60%). Cirrhosis was mainly related to alcohol intake (n = 15, 75%), followed by nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis (n = 2), chronic viral hepatitis (n = 1), hemochromatosis (n = 1), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 1). During follow-up with a median of 17 months (IQR 12–84), 10/13 (77%) exhibited IgAV remission at Month 3. One patient presented a minor relapse. Six patients died, but no deaths were related to IgAV.

Conclusion

We report the first case series of IgAV patients with underlining cirrhosis, to our knowledge, which was mainly alcohol related. The liver disease did not seem to affect baseline vasculitis characteristics. Physicians should investigate the existence of liver cirrhosis at IgAV diagnosis, especially in the context of alcohol abuse.
Epidermal Neurite Density in Skin Biopsies From Patients With Juvenile Fibromyalgia
Authors: Boneparth Alexis , Chen Shan , Horton Daniel B. , Moorthy L. Nandini , Farquhar Ian , Downs Heather M. , Lee Hang , Oaklander Anne Louise
Published: August 2020

Objective

Fibromyalgia (FM) is defined by idiopathic, chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. In adults with FM, a metaanalysis of lower-leg skin biopsy demonstrated 45% pooled prevalence of abnormally low epidermal neurite density (END). END < 5th centile of the normal distribution is the consensus diagnostic threshold for small-fiber neuropathy. However, the clinical significance of END findings in FM is unknown. Here, we examine the prevalence of small-fiber pathology in juvenile FM, which has not been studied previously.

Methods

We screened 21 patients aged 13–20 years with FM diagnosed by pediatric rheumatologists. Fifteen meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria (modified for juvenile FM) underwent lower-leg measurements of END and completed validated questionnaires assessing pain, functional disability, and dysautonomia symptoms. The primary outcome was proportion of FM patients with END < 5th centile of age/sex/race-based laboratory norms. Cases were systematically matched by ethnicity, race, sex, and age to a group of previously biopsied healthy adolescents with selection blinded to biopsy results. All 23 controls matching demographic criteria were included.

Results

Among biopsied juvenile FM patients, 53% (8/15) had END < 5th centile vs 4% (1/23) of healthy controls (P < 0.001). Mean patient END was 273/mm2 skin surface (95% CI 198–389) vs 413/mm2 (95% CI 359–467, P < 0.001). As expected, patients with FM reported more functional disability, dysautonomia, and pain than healthy controls.

Conclusion

Abnormal END reduction is common in adolescents with FM, with similar prevalence in adults with FM. More studies are needed to fully characterize the significance of low END in FM and to elucidate the clinical implications of these findings.
Quel(s) format(s) pédagogique(s) pour la lecture analytique en classe de Seconde ?
Authors: Berneron Christelle
Published: August 2020

Les démarches pour aborder l’étude des textes littéraires au lycée ont connu des mutations ces vingt dernières années impliquant une reconfiguration du format pédagogique du cours. En effet, le cours magistral dialogué, longtemps employé pour mener une explication de texte ne convient plus aux prescriptions induites par la lecture analytique. A-t-il disparu pour autant ? Des éléments de réponse émergent de l’analyse des autocaptations vidéo de séances de lectures analytiques en classe de Seconde réalisées en 2015-2016 par une enseignante engagée dans la recherche sur les Pratiques effectives de la lecture analytique dans le secondaire (PELAS). Cette analyse, qui prend appui sur les définitions des formats pédagogiques, sur les conclusions des recherches menées sur le cours magistral et ses dialogismes et sur l’histoire de l’étude des textes littéraires, démontre la persistance du format pédagogique du cours magistral dialogué dans les pratiques effectives de la lecture analytique observées.
Lectures analytiques et étude d’une œuvre intégrale : articulations et enjeux
Authors: Eugène Maïté , Gennaï Aldo
Published: August 2020

L’article examine, dans une perspective descriptive et compréhensive, la manière dont les lectures analytiques menées dans le cadre de l’étude d’une œuvre intégrale s’articulent avec les autres modalités d’étude de l’œuvre, articulation, dont le nouveau programme de français de première des voies générales et technologiques, signale la nécessité : « l’interprétation d’une œuvre suppose en effet un travail d’analyse interne alternant l’explication de certains passages et des vues plus synthétiques et transversales ». Comment, dans deux classes de lycée (Seconde et Première scientifique), la lecture analytique des extraits s’agence-t-elle avec l’étude de l’œuvre intégrale et de son « économie » générale ? La lecture analytique y constitue-t-elle un outil puissant pour dire quelque chose du tout à partir d’extraits ? Il apparait que, tout en permettant la construction de savoirs sur l’œuvre intégrale, les lectures analytiques dispensent des connaissances qui transcendent l’extrait et l’œuvre.
« Hélas ! » d’Antiochus : l’émergence d’une relation esthétique
Authors: Augé Claire
Published: August 2020

Dans le cadre de la formation d’un lecteur autonome et expert, de jeunes lecteurs sont amenés à émettre un avis personnel esthétique sur le « Hélas » d’Antiochus qui clôt la tragédie racinienne de Bérénice , objet d’une dispute littéraire séculaire. La recherche, s’appuyant sur les travaux de C.  Gabathuler et de V. Larrivé, part d’une double hypothèse : les interactions entre pairs, associées à un lâcher prise de l’enseignant, permettent de faire naitre une relation esthétique personnelle au texte littéraire ; la lecture empathique aide à faire émerger une lecture experte au sein de ces interactions. Elle rend ainsi compte d’une expérimentation menée dans une classe de première. Dans un premier temps, une lecture empathique et parcellaire est proposée : chaque élève est associé à l’un des trois personnages principaux et ne lit que les scènes où son personnage apparait. Dans un deuxième temps, réunis en « cercles de personnage », les élèves écrivent collaborativement un « journal de personnage ». La lecture de l’œuvre devient coopérative au cours d’échanges menés avec tous les élèves de la classe permettant de faire naitre une relation esthétique.
En passant par l’approche analytique de la peinture…
Authors: Claude Marie-Sylvie
Published: August 2020

Les programmes de français du secondaire, en France, prescrivent l’étude d’œuvres picturales en lien avec les œuvres littéraires. Cette étude, nommée lecture de l’image , est présentée comme un contenu disciplinaire complémentaire de celle des textes littéraires, voire comme une propédeutique. L’article cherche à interroger l’approche analytique des textes en faisant un détour par cette autre approche analytique que, d’après nos recherches, les élèves réussissent mieux. La comparaison avec la peinture est prise comme un révélateur pour comprendre certaines difficultés didactiques posées par l’analyse des textes, et pour faire apparaitre des pistes pour y remédier. L’étude s’appuie sur une enquête consacrée aux attendus des enseignants et aux pratiques des élèves sur les deux arts. Les références théoriques croisent la didactique de la littérature, les sciences des arts et, en sociologie des apprentissages, la compréhension de ces apprentissages scolaires comme configurant trois registres : cognitif, culturel et identitaire symbolique.
Le verbe et son « voisinage combinatoire » : acquisition et réemploi chez des élèves de cinq ans
Authors: Sardier Anne
Published: August 2020

L’article s’intéresse à l’enseignement-apprentissage du lexique verbal chez de jeunes élèves du préscolaire. Les verbes sont en effet moins étudiés chez les jeunes apprenants que les noms. Afin qu’ils comprennent le fonctionnement de cette classe d’unités lexicales, la recherche opte pour une approche qui se fonde sur les cooccurrents, qui sont aussi souvent des noms, mieux connus des élèves. L’étude a été menée dans deux classes de grande section de maternelle auprès d’élèves de cinq ans. L’analyse des échanges langagiers montre de quelle façon les enfants se saisissent des lexies étudiées et les réutilisent dans les constructions abordées, voire dans de nouvelles constructions.
Pour une description plurielle de la phrase (second volet). Les enjeux syntaxiques
Authors: Taous Tatiana
Published: August 2020

Née du désir de confronter deux ouvrages récemment parus (2019) sur la question de la phrase, la présente chronique poursuit la réflexion amorcée dans un travail antérieur, sur les variations diamésiques comme concept opératoire pour apprécier la phrase, et se présente donc comme complémentaire du précédent. La phrase est abordée ici en tant qu’unité graphique et fait état des enjeux syntaxiques qui en découlent. L’étude se focalise tout d’abord sur les difficultés syntaxiques rencontrées dans les copies d’apprenants, tant en productions d’écrit (énoncés agrammaticaux) que dans le cadre d’analyses syntaxiques de phrases. L’idée qui ressort est alors une tendance des apprenants à cliver les approches et à accorder la primeur aux versants typographique et morphologique en méconnaissant totalement les dimensions sémantico-logique, énonciative et pragmatique. L’étude montre ensuite, à partir d’un déroulé de cours et de quelques supports, en quoi une approche plurielle de la phrase – et une conscientisation de cette pluralité – permet de renouveler linguistiquement et didactiquement le concept de phrase.
Le confinement à Mayotte : récit d’expérience dans un espace français singulier
Authors: Cottereau Victoire
Published: August 2020

Cet article est un récit d’expérience personnelle du confinement au sein du département français de Mayotte. Je montre comment les mesures sanitaires ont amené mon quotidien et mon « espace vécu » à se métamorphoser dans ce territoire singulier.
Mes 3,14 kilomètres carrés en Covidie : j’en connais un rayon
Authors: Gay Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2020

Mon confinement a engendré un pays éphémère, ma Covidie, où aventure, surprises et découvertes furent quotidiens.