bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-peritoneal versus retropubic implantation of three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis: Patient-reported outcomes and complications
Authors: Natali Alessandro , Grisanti Caroassai Simone , Tasso Giovanni , Cito Gianmartin , Gemma Luca , Cocci Andrea , Sessa Francesco , Verrienti Pierangelo , Serni Sergio , Carini Marco , Delle Rose Augusto
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

The role of reservoir position was investigated in this series of patients treated with three-pieces penile prosthesis implantation (PPI). The outcomes and the patients’ reported quality of life after insertion of the balloon in the retropubic space, or the Retzius’s space (SOR), were compared with the outcomes of patients who received an intraperitoneal implantation (IP). The study aimed to analyze how the anatomy of the SOR influenced the long-term results of PPI, especially in patients who have been previously exposed to pelvic surgery or radiotherapy. The SOR has usually been identified as ideal for concealing and protecting the reservoir; nevertheless, an increasing rate of patients that ask for a PPI do not conserve the typical favorable characteristic of the SOR. In these cases, the tissue alteration can cause a higher rate of undesired events and can impair the satisfaction from device use. In the recent literature, few articles focus on the topic of reservoir position and very poor information is available about the results of the IP insertion.

Materials:

Our cohort of patients was retrospectively inspected; the two different subgroups, according to the reservoir position (SOR or IP) were evaluated considering the pre-operative condition, the post-operative complication, the development of undesired events or uncomfortable sensations during the follow-up. The quality of life after PPI was observed as well, with a questionnaire specifically developed for patients treated with PPI. The surgical technique adopted for the intraperitoneal implantation was described.

Results:

The results of penile prosthesis functionality and patients’ and partners’ reported quality of life (QoL) showed similar results between the two groups but greater satisfaction in the relational domain of the questionnaires adopted was described in the IP subgroup.

Conclusion:

According to our observations, the IP reservoir insertion guarantees good functionality and lower rates of undesired events after PPI.
When Knowing is Caring: Examining the Relationship Between Diversity Exposure and PSM
Authors: Holt Stephen , Choi Heasun
Published: October 2020

While public service motivation (PSM) provides an important theory for understanding the motivations that underpin public sector worker behavior, theoretical connections to the institutional forces that produce and shape PSM remains underexamined. Given other-orientated motives that define part of PSM, exposure to peers from a variety of social backgrounds presents an input that may shape PSM earlier in life. Drawing on insights from intergroup contact theory, we use a nationally representative dataset of high school sophomores to examine the effect of school-level diversity along demographic and socioeconomic dimensions on students’ PSM-related values. Specifically, we use a fixed-effects approach to isolate the contribution of 10th grade exposure to students of a different race or socioeconomic background on 12th grade measures of PSM-related values. We find attending schools with a balanced mix of different-race students has a large and statistically significant impact on students’ PSM-related values by the end of secondary school.
Students With Disabilities in Social and Emotional Learning Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Daley Samantha G. , McCarthy Michael F.
Published: October 2020

This systematic review examines the social and emotional learning (SEL) intervention literature to address questions of whether and how students with disabilities are considered in studies of universal SEL interventions in middle and high schools. From the articles identified for initial review ( n = 4,355), 166 met the inclusionary criteria. Among these, 19 studies explicitly mentioned including students with disabilities. Five studies included analyses of students with disabilities as a subgroup, with varying results. Additional analyses focus on evidence of attention to varied learning needs in curricular materials or training of facilitators. Findings demonstrate scant attention to students with disabilities in reports of universal SEL interventions, leaving open questions about their inclusion and effects of participation. Opportunities for addressing these questions in future research are described.
Sexual Assault Prevention With Student-Athletes: Exploring Perceptions of the Campus Climate and Awareness of Sexual Assault Policies and Resources
Authors: Tredinnick Lorin
Published: October 2020

Increasing awareness of school sexual assault policies and resources is a central component of sexual assault prevention. Research suggests that the state of the campus climate impacts an individual’s level of awareness, particularly for at-risk groups like student-athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine how macro factors such as participation in sexual assault prevention, perceptions of the institutional response to addressing sexual assault, and perceptions of campus staff (i.e., campus police, athletic staff, and administration) are associated with awareness of sexual assault policies and resources. Student-athletes at five National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools participated in a web-based survey to assess their perceptions of the campus climate and awareness of sexual assault policies and resources. The results from an ordinary least squares multiple regression model revealed that past participation in sexual assault prevention, more positive perceptions of the institutional response, and more positive perceptions of campus police and administration were associated with a greater awareness of sexual assault policies and resources while controlling for race, ethnicity, and gender. Perceptions of athletic staff was not significantly related to awareness of policies and resources. These findings demonstrate that delivering consistent messaging and engaging campus staff in sexual assault prevention provides a foundation for building a positive campus climate which, in turn, may reduce campus sexual assault.
Academic Safety Planning: Intervening to Improve the Educational Outcomes of Collegiate Survivors of Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Voth Schrag Rachel J. , Wood Leila G. , Hairston Dixie , Jones Cynthia
Published: October 2020

Demonstrated impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA) for college students include negative outcomes related to mental, physical, emotional, and academic well-being. As a result of increasing awareness of the long-standing epidemic of IPV and SA on college campuses, Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) are expanding the services provided to survivors of IPV and SA, including campus-based advocacy services that are adapted from community models. Like community advocacy, campus-based advocacy services focus on empowerment, support, resource provision, and addressing safety needs. However, the unique context of higher education produces specific student-centered needs, including an increased focus on educational goals, academic accommodations, and safety planning. The current study seeks to shed new light on the specific foci and tasks of advocacy in the context of IHEs, related to what we call “academic safety planning,” and to highlight the experience of student service recipients utilizing these forms of advocacy. Thematic analysis of 48 qualitative interviews with advocates ( n = 23) and service users ( n = 25) from five programs at three universities was used to discover practices applied by campus-based advocates and to understand student-survivor needs and preferences within academic safety planning. Findings reveal the core components of academic safety planning, which are: (a) Advocating for emotional and physical safety in the university context, (b) Assessing and identifying needed academic accommodations, and (c) rebuilding connections and institutional trust at school. These interviews reveal that academic safety planning has the potential to enhance the academic outcomes of survivors, which in turn could lead to important improvements in long-term personal safety, well-being, and economic security for student-survivors.
A Body to Die for: Body Measurements and BMI Values Among Female and Male Runway Models
Authors: Jestratijevic Iva , Rudd Nancy A. , Ilic Sanja
Published: October 2020

Runway models play a central role in creating and promoting cultural beauty and body ideals. However, little is known about body measurements (BMs) and anthropometric health parameters among this modeling population. The main purpose of this quantitative study is to describe BMs and anthropometric health parameters to understand the severity of thinness among models. Secondary industry-reported data were analyzed to quantify female and male models’ BMs and to assess anthropometric health parameters over seven consecutive fashion-week seasons. Low and decreasing BMs and body mass index values, over these years, provide alarming evidence that extreme thinness seriously affects models’ lives and general health. Considering the reach of fashion images and their detrimental effects on consumers, as well as the commonality of eating disorders among professional models, this study implores scholars in the field of clothing and textiles to consider feasible and compelling scholarly initiatives and cross-disciplinary collaborations to uncover problem solutions
Caregiver Burden in Late-Stage Parkinsonism and Its Associations
Authors: Kalampokini Stefania , Hommel Adrianus L. A. J. , Lorenzl Stefan , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Meissner Wassilios G. , Odin Per , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Dodel Richard , Schrag Anette-Eleonore
Published: October 2020

Background:

Patients in the late stages of parkinsonism are highly dependent on others in their self-care and activities of daily living. However, few studies have assessed the physical, psychological and social consequences of caring for a person with late-stage parkinsonism.

Patients and methods:

Five hundred and six patients and their caregivers from the Care of Late Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) study were included. Patients’ motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed using the UPDRS and Non-motor symptom scale (NMSS), Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI-12), and caregivers’ health status using the EQ-5D-3 L. Caregiver burden was assessed by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).

Results:

The majority of caregivers were the spouse or life partner (71.2%), and were living with the patient at home (67%). Approximately half of caregivers reported anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort (45% and 59% respectively). The factors most strongly associated with caregiver burden were patients’ neuropsychiatric features on the total NPI score (r = 0.38, p < 0.0001), total NMSS score (r = 0.28, p < 0.0001), caring for male patients and patients living at home. Being the spouse, the hours per day assisting and supervising the patient as well as caregivers’ EQ-5D mood and pain scores were also associated with higher ZBI scores (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The care of patients with late stage parkinsonism is associated with significant caregiver burden, particularly when patients manifest many neuropsychiatric and non-motor features and when caring for a male patient at home.
Reassignment Policies and School Stratification
Authors: Hammond Robert G. , Wu Sui
Published: October 2020

School choice is expanding, but the majority of students in countries like the United States still attend the school associated with their residential address. We study assignment policies and reassignments of students, where students apply to attend a magnet school or request to transfer to another school within the public school system. Policymakers and researchers have expressed concerns that these type of reassignment programs could increase racial and socioeconomic stratification and cause an imbalance of resources across schools. We provide evidence from the Wake County Public School System in North Carolina. Our focus is on changes in racial and socioeconomic stratification across schools relative to the existing degree of stratification that exists in the district through its assignment via schools’ attendance boundaries. The reassignment programs available in this district reduce stratification in terms of race, socioeconomic status, student need, and student ability. To place our results in context, we conduct several simulations to compare the observed changes in stratification to what changes are possible. The effects on stratification are similar to what would be expected if students move between schools without regard to school composition, and the effects are small relative to the largest increases or decreases in stratification that could be expected given the volume of reassignments observed in these data. Thus, the reassignment programs we study do not increase stratification in terms of race, socioeconomic status, or student need/ability, but they also do not reduce stratification to a particularly large degree. Our results speak to school choice programs that can be characterized as controlled choice programs in which the district places constraints on moves between schools.
Are You Ready: Financial Management, Operating Reserves, and the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on Nonprofits
Authors: Kim Mirae , Mason Dyana P.
Published: October 2020

Scholars and practitioners have argued that effective financial management, particularly the development of operating reserves, can help nonprofits survive economic shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on the nonprofit sector, provides an opportunity to test whether nonprofits have followed that recommendation, and if so, whether nonprofits with operating reserves were better prepared for the pandemic. Using data from an original survey of more than 600 nonprofit human service and arts organizations, administered when most states had stay-at-home restrictions, we show that most nonprofits experienced an immediate impact on their programs and financing. Yet, those nonprofits with more reserves were less likely to reduce operating hours, lose staff, or experience difficulty acquiring supplies or vendor services. Our study provides rare empirical data on the benefits of operating reserves for nonprofits. Our results also confirm that arts and culture nonprofits were more severely affected than human service nonprofits.
Philanthropic Foundation Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Finchum-Mason Emily , Husted Kelly , Suárez David
Published: October 2020

Philanthropic foundations are critical actors in the nonprofit sector—funding the programs of social and human service charities, fostering innovation, and serving as patrons of the arts. However, the dramatic growth of foundations and their endowments in recent decades has intensified charges of plutocracy—the claim that foundations are more interested in protecting their power and privilege than in contributing to the public good. The COVID-19 crisis has brought this critique into sharp focus, leading to the question, “How are large foundations acting to stem COVID-19’s impact and help in the process of recovery?” Our descriptive study leverages data from a nationwide survey of the 500 largest philanthropic foundations (by total assets) in the United States to characterize foundations’ (a) changes to internal strategy or giving, (b) shifts in relationships with grantee organizations, (c) prioritization of communities most affected by the COVID-19 crisis, and (d) collaboration across organizations and sectors.
Interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber to special engineering plastics: Effect of the functional groups in the matrix
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Ke , Wang Shuai , Wang Daming , Zhao Xiaogang , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Chunhai
Published: October 2020

We studied the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in carbon fiber (CF) and special engineering plastics matrix, with an emphasis on the effect of the functional group in the matrix. The IFSS was analyzed to quantify the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. To obtain the apparent IFSS of the composites, microdroplet test was measured at single-fiber composites. Results of the microdroplet test displayed that the apparent IFSS in the composites was directly determined by their inherent surface properties and the functional groups in the matrix. Compared with other matrices, polyetherimide (PEI) exhibited relatively strong mechanical bonding and interfacial adhesion, showing that the imide groups had good interfacial compatibility with the pristine CF surface. Based on the results of this study, polymers containing imide groups were one of the best candidates for sizing agent of CF used as reinforcement of high-temperature thermoplastics.
Design and analysis of a strain gauge based eight-shaped elliptical ring dynamometer for milling force measurement
Authors: Mohanraj T , Deepesh T , Dhinesh R , Jayaprakash S , Sai Krishna S
Published: October 2020

This study describes the design, analysis, and development of a strain gauge-based dynamometer for measuring the cutting force during the milling process. The objective is to increase the deformation of the ring with an applied load so that it can be measured more easily. Based on the analysis and test results, the eight-shaped (ES) rings with an elliptical hole were finalized. It was shown that the ring has a higher deformation of 0.02822 mm for a normal load and 0.2136 mm for a tangential load. Also, the induced von Mises stress is 39.63 MPa for axial and 194.8 MPa for tangential load, each of which is less than half of the yield strength. Hence, for the finalized design the metallic ring was fabricated, and sensors were bonded. Then, the calibration and metrological characterization was performed. Overall, the designed dynamometer is found as suitable for measuring the cutting force in the milling process.
Dynamic mechanical behavior of different coral sand subjected to impact loading
Authors: Dong Kai , Ren Huiqi , Ruan Wenjun , Huang Kui
Published: October 2020

The mechanical performance of coral sand exhibits significant variation due to the different physical properties of coral sand sampled from individual coral reefs. In this paper, a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus is used to conduct impact tests on two types of coral sand to investigate mechanical behavior. Using this approach, compressive stress-strain curves of the one-dimensional strain state are obtained, with strain rates ranging from 460 s−1 to 980 s−1. The results show that the internal porosity of particles is the main influence factor on strain rate dependency of coral sand subjected to impact loading. Various crushing patterns of the two coral sands will result in different strength performance and friction effects, directly creating variations in the dynamic mechanical properties of moist coral sand. Crushing patterns also have a significant influence on yielding stress and the bulk modulus of the pseudo-elastic response but have little effect on the bulk modulus after yielding. In this paper, the varying dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed on typical brittle coral sand by investigating the dominant crushing pattern of the two sand varieties. The conclusions obtained also provide insight into the strain rate dependency of quartz sand.
Investigation of the turning process of the TC21 titanium alloy: Experimental analysis and 3D simulation
Authors: Pei Lei , Shu Xuedao
Published: October 2020

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their superior properties such as high strength and low density. As a new titanium alloy with higher strength and lower heat conductivity, titanium alloy TC21 is very difficult to cut and the cutting mechanism of this alloy needs to be investigated deeply. In the paper, to observe the cutting phenomenon in the turning process of TC21 alloy, a series of turning experiments have been performed to investigate the turning process of TC21 alloy. Further, the influence of some important turning parameters (cutting speed, feed speed, depth of cut and rake angle) on cutting force and chip morphology is well analyzed through the experiments. In addition, a 3D finite element model for turning was established using the software ABAQUS for helping to analyze the turning process of TC21. Through simulation, cutting force, chip formation and temperature distribution of TC21 alloy in the turning process have been achieved. At the same time, simulated cutting forces and chip morphology were compared with the results of experiment. The results of experiments showed that the chip of TC21 alloy in turning process is serrated and the rake angle of tool has the obvious effect on the chip morphology.
Calibration of the CFD code based on testing of a standard AGARD-B model for determination of aerodynamic characteristics
Authors: Kostić Čedomir , Bengin Aleksandar , Rašuo Boško , Damljanović Dijana
Published: October 2020

The goal of this work is to build a unique numerical method to obtain the basic aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and to enable a wide application of the method in the analysis of some aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, without use of empirical methods. The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method was being calibrated based on test results of the standard AGARD-B (Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development) test model, which were obtained in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel facility of the Military Technical Institute (VTI) in Belgrade, Serbia.The paper presents the CFD simulation through a description of the conditions of flow, geometry of the computer domain, grid density and mesh strategy, boundary conditions, initial strategy and turbulence model. The CFD simulation was carried out for flow cases with similarity parameters M = 0.6, M = 0.85 and M = 1.6 and Re = from 7.7(x106) to 9.9(x106) . The results of calculations were compared with the appropriate experimental ones and presented in the form of comparative diagrams for the drag, lift and pitching moment coefficients. The results of investigation presented in divergence diagrams show very good agreement between numerical and experimental ones. Simulated flows are illustrated by the distribution of pressure and velocity components on the surface of the tested model and the computational domain. This CFD simulation will be applied to other similar aerodynamic designs for a wide range angles of attack and Mach numbers and can be a strong point for the development of different aerodynamic designs.The ultimate aim of the work is to use the previous calibrated CFD simulation method as the basis for future determination of the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in non-stationary flight modes, caused by motion of the aircraft and/or by changing the free-velocity vector.
Nonlinear dynamic modeling and fluid–mechanism interaction analysis of reciprocating pump–pipeline system
Authors: Gu Zhenjie , Bai Changqing , Zhang Hongyan
Published: October 2020

The dynamic characteristics of reciprocating pump–pipeline system are directly affected by the fluid–mechanism dynamic interaction related to the slider-crank mechanism, valves and pipes conveying fluid. In this article, the fluid–mechanism interaction and nonlinearities involved in the kinetic of slider-crank mechanism, the motions of pump valves and the dynamic transmission in pipeline are explored for the nonlinear dynamic modeling of reciprocating pump–pipeline interaction systems. The nonlinear fluid–mechanism coupling model and corresponding analysis procedure are presented for investigating the system dynamic characteristics at all operating conditions. An experiment platform consisting of a simplex plunger reciprocating pump and suction and discharge pipes with a flow control valve is established to validate the proposed model. By the comparisons of pressure pulsations under multi-working conditions, the results obtained from the proposed model show good agreement with the test data. The dynamic characteristic of pump, as well as the effects of interaction and nonlinearity on the flow pulsation, are studied with the proposed model. It is found that nonlinear factors such as joint clearance and nonlinear spring stiffness are of great importance to the lag characteristics of pump valves and the pressure pulsation of pump–pipe system. The amplitudes of pressure pulsation increase with the decrease of control valve opening nonlinearly, and the effect of flow control valve becomes significant when the opening is less than 40%.
Application of Taguchi and response surface methodology approach to a sustainable model developed for a compression-ignition engine using polanga biodiesel/diesel blends
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Singh Yashvir , Tyagi Avdhesh , Singh Nishant Kumar , Singla Amneesh
Published: October 2020

The exhaustive and irresponsible use of fossil fuels has created numerous public and environmental health issues in the past few decades. To address this issue, this work has investigated the use of polanga ( Calophyllum inophyllum) biodiesel/diesel blends in a diesel engine. This study focuses primarily on the optimization of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with polanga-based biodiesel blends. The engine input factors were also investigated for desired optimal thermal performance. In this study, four input parameters, namely, engine loads, blends of polanga-based biodiesel, fuel injection pressure, and fuel injection timing were chosen for analysis. The corresponding engine output responses, namely, brake thermal efficiency, CO, NOx, and smoke emissions, are selected for their optimization by Taguchi method and response surface methodology. The results show that the best setting of above-mentioned input factors is reported at 44% engine load, 13% mixing of polanga biodiesel with diesel, 180 bar injection pressure of fuel, and 21.5 °bTDC injection timing of fuel. The comparison between results obtained by the optimization process and experimental results showed that the deviations were always found to be within the acceptable range of errors.
State-of-charge estimation based on model-adaptive Kalman filters
Authors: Locorotondo Edoardo , Lutzemberger Giovanni , Pugi Luca
Published: October 2020

This article presents a set of algorithms for the estimation of state of charge, specifically deployed for lithium-ion batteries. These algorithms are based on appropriate battery models. These models can be developed having different levels of accuracy, also including the possibility to correctly represent the hysteresis voltage behaviour of the selected lithium cells. In addition, different identification methods of the battery model parameters may also be considered, considering tabulated parameters, calibrated in previous tests, or online parametrization tools. State of charge is then evaluated using non-linear Kalman filter techniques. Effectiveness of identification methods, also with the performance offered by Kalman filter itself, has been accurately evaluated through experimental tests. To verify the robustness of the proposed algorithms, some disturbances were introduced and evaluation was also conducted at different state of charge initial conditions and sampling times.
Fuzzy logic–based decision support system for selection of optimum input shaping techniques in point-to-point motion systems
Authors: Huseyin Bilgic Hasan , Conker Caglar , Yavuz Hakan
Published: October 2020

In this study, a novel fuzzy logic–based decision support system approach to provide assistance in the selection of suitable input shaping techniques is presented. The proposed approach selects the suitable input shaping technique for point-to-point motion type of systems such as precise positioning, crane operations, flexible robotic systems and so on. The problem solution addressed is the selection of the input shaping technique and the settings for the selection of the input shaper. Some of these design issues require extensive expertise in command shaping and system modeling studies. To overcome these problems and the necessity for such an expertise in these application areas, the proposed technique is provided as a solution. The presented study also provides a review of input shaping methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages in terms of vibration elimination performance, traveling time and robustness features. In the final section of the study, the details of the simulations, as well as experimental results, are provided to validate the achieved high performance of the proposed technique. The experimental studies are conducted on a Quanser IP02 Gantry Crane experimental setup.
Improving sensitivity of the connective tissue disease screening questionnaire: A comparative study of various scoring methods
Authors: Xiang Ling , Low Andrea Hsiu Ling , Leung Ying Ying , Fong Warren , Gandhi Mihir , Xin Xiaohui , Uy Elenore JB , Sparks Jeffrey A , Karlson Elizabeth W , Thumboo Julian
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Early detection of autoimmune rheumatic diseases is crucial given their high morbidity and mortality and short window of opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Self-administered screening questionnaires such as the connective tissue disease screening questionnaire (CSQ) have been shown to promote early detection of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. However, optimal scoring of screening questionnaires may differ with prevalence of clinical features and changes in classification criteria. We compared the performance of 3 scoring methods for the CSQ for early detection of autoimmune rheumatic diseases in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Methods

Patients who were newly referred for evaluation of possible autoimmune rheumatic diseases were invited to answer the cross-culturally adapted CSQ. Detection of autoimmune rheumatic diseases using 1) the original CSQ scoring, 2) a modified CSQ scoring and 3) a scoring based on current classification criteria, were compared to classification of autoimmune rheumatic diseases by classification criteria.

Results

Of 819 participants, 85 were classified as having autoimmune rheumatic diseases screened for by the adapted CSQ. The original CSQ scoring yielded relatively lower sensitivities in detecting both any and individual autoimmune rheumatic diseases (67% and 20-57%, respectively) compared to the modified CSQ scoring (81% and 60-73%, respectively) and the scoring based on current classification criteria (89% and 50-88%, respectively).

Conclusion

The adapted CSQ with the classification criteria-based scoring achieved relatively high sensitivities in detecting autoimmune rheumatic diseases, suggesting this could be employed as the first step in population screening.
Evaluation of prognostic prediction models for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lo Yat Hei , Siu Yuet Chung Axel
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Accurate prognostic prediction of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is challenging but important for the emergency team and patient’s family members. A number of prognostic prediction models specifically designed for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are developed and validated worldwide.

Objective:

This narrative review provides an overview of the prognostic prediction models out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients for use in the emergency department.

Discussion:

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognostic prediction models are potentially useful in clinical, administrative and research settings. Development and validation of such models require prehospital and hospital predictor and outcome variables which are best in the standardised Utstein Style. Logistic regression analysis is traditionally employed for model development but machine learning is emerging as the new tool. Examples of such models available for use in the emergency department include ROSC After Cardiac Arrest, CaRdiac Arrest Survival Score, Utstein-Based Return of Spontaneous Circulation, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis and Cardiac Arrest Survival Score. The usefulness of these models awaits future studies.
Entrepreneurial Disappointment: Let Down and Breaking Down, a Machine-Learning Study
Authors: Williamson Amanda Jasmine , Drencheva Andreana , Battisti Martina
Published: October 2020

Despite its importance, our understanding of what entrepreneurial disappointment is, its attributions, and how it relates to depression is limited. Drawing on a corpus of 27,906 semi-anonymous online posts, we identified entrepreneurial disappointment, inductively uncovered its attributions and examined how depression differs between attributions. We found that posts with internal, stable, and global disappointment attributions (e.g., not fitting entrepreneurial norms) are, on average, higher in depression symptoms than posts with external, unstable, and specific disappointment attributions (e.g., firm performance). Our findings offer novel theoretical and methodological avenues for future research on entrepreneurs’ affective experiences and mental health.
Impact of Obesity on Warfarin Reversal With Fixed-Dose Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (aPCC)
Authors: McKinney Amanda L. , Dailey Lindsey M. , McMillen James C. , Rowe A. Shaun
Published: October 2020

Background:

Data are limited addressing anticoagulant reversal in obese patients using activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC).

Objective:

Assess the impact of obesity on INR reversal with fixed aPCC dosing.

Methods:

Institutional review board–approved, retrospective cohort conducted in a large academic medical center. Patients 18 years or older who received fixed-dose aPCC for warfarin-associated hemorrhage were included. Patients who received aPCC for any other indications or who had no follow-up INR after aPCC administration were excluded. Patients with an INR of 5 or greater received 1000 units aPCC, whereas those with INR less than 5 received 500 units aPCC, per institutional protocol. Patients were stratified into obese and nonobese based on body mass index. Primary end point was INR reversal, defined as repeat INR of 1.4 or less within 4 hours following aPCC treatment, without a repeated dose. Secondary end points included percentage change in INR, proportion of patients requiring an additional dose of aPCC, bleeding complications, thrombotic complications, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

259 patients were included, of whom 83 were obese (32%). A significantly higher proportion of nonobese patients achieved an INR of 1.4 or less within 4 hours of treatment (169 [96.02%] vs 69 [83.13%]; P = 0.0004). There were no differences in any secondary end points.

Conclusion and Relevance:

When fixed-dose aPCC is used for warfarin reversal, obesity is associated with a significantly lower rate of INR reversal, without increased bleeding. This study adds to the limited amount of literature on aPCC dosing in obesity.
Ticagrelor Does Not Protect Against Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Verouhis Dinos , Ekström Mattias , Settergren Magnus , Sörensson Peder , Pernow John , Saleh Nawzad
Published: October 2020

Background:

Ticagrelor is a recommended P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Its superiority has been suggested to rely on pleiotropic effects beyond platelet inhibition. Experimental studies indicate that ticagrelor may protect from ischemia-reperfusion injury but no data are available from such studies on patients. This study aimed to determine if chronic ticagrelor treatment protects against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with a previous ACS.

Methods:

Patients with a previous ACS were studied with flow mediated dilatation of the left brachial artery to determine the degree of endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury before and after discontinuation of ticagrelor treatment, which had been continuous since 1 year. Each patient underwent 3 identical examinations. The first examination (Visit A) was at the end of ticagrelor treatment and the following 2 (Visit B and C) were after cessation of this treatment with an interval of 2 to 4 weeks.

Results:

Ischemia and reperfusion induced significant impairment of endothelial function at all 3 occasions (absolute decline in flow mediated dilatation 3.0% ± 0.7 at Visit A ( P < 0.001), 1.9% ± 0.9 at Visit B ( P < 0.05) and 1.9% ± 0.4 at Visit C ( P < 0.0001)). However, there was no difference in the degree of endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury or baseline endothelial function between the visits.

Conclusion:

Chronic ticagrelor treatment in patients 1 year after an ACS does not protect against endothelial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Nor is it associated with better basal endothelial function compared to after discontinuation of treatment.
Response of an oncology unit in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Liontos Michalis , Kastritis Efstathios , Migkou Magdalini , Koutsoukos Konstantinos , Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou Evangelos , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Zagouri Flora , Terpos Evangelos , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an emergency in health systems worldwide. Apart from its apparent morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 has also imposed unique challenges in the management of cancer patients. We report here measures taken by a major oncology Unit in Greece to continue operation of the department while ensuring safety of the patients and health care professionals. The efficacy of these measures could serve as guidance for Oncology departments in view of a second wave of COVID-19 cases.
Influence of Maternal Exposure to Malaria Social and Behavioral Change Messages and Effectiveness of Communication Media on Bed Net Use and Malaria Infection in Malawi
Authors: Nkoka Owen , Chuang Ting-Wu , Chen Yi-Hua
Published: October 2020

Background

Malawi is a malaria-endemic country. A national malaria communication strategy was adopted to disseminate malaria messages with the aim of improving knowledge and adoption of malaria interventions.

Objective

To examine the effect of maternal exposure to malaria messages and the medium through which such messages are delivered on insecticide-treated net (ITN) use and malaria infection among children under 5 years of age in Malawi.

Methodology

Utilizing the data from the 2017 Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey, 2,055 children (aged under 5 years) and 1,886 children (aged 6–59 months) were analyzed for ITN use and malaria infection outcomes, respectively. Components of exposure to malaria messages were tested for association with ITN use and malaria infection outcomes using multiple logistic regression models.

Results

Children whose mothers had reported hearing any malaria-related message in the past 6 months were more likely to sleep under an ITN and less likely to have malaria infection compared with those whose mothers had not heard any malaria-related message. Region and sex of the child were effect modifiers on the relationship between exposure to any malaria-related message and malaria infection. Knowledge regarding cause or protection methods partially mediated the relationship between exposure to any malaria message and malaria infection.

Discussion and Conclusion

Health workers were an effective communication channel. Strengthening topic-specific malaria messages and building the capacity of health workers while alternately strengthening other message outlets may prove vital for effective malaria communication.
Partnering Up: Including Managers as Research Partners in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Sharma Garima , Bansal Pratima (Tima)
Published: October 2020

Systematic reviews of academic research have not impacted management practice as much as many researchers had hoped. Part of the reason is that researchers and managers differ significantly in their knowledge systems—in both what they know and how they know it. Researchers can overcome some of these challenges by including managers as knowledge partners in the research endeavor; however, doing so is rife with challenges. This article seeks to answer, how can researchers and managers navigate the tensions related to differences in their knowledge systems to create more impactful systematic reviews? To answer this question, we embarked on a data-guided journey of the experience of the Network for Business Sustainability, which had undertaken 15 systematic reviews that involved researchers and managers. We interviewed previous participants of the projects, observed different systematic review processes, and collected archival data to learn more about researcher-manager collaborations in the systematic review process. This article offers guidance to researchers in imbricating academic with practical knowledge in the systematic review process.
Reduced fluence corneal cross-linking in mild to moderate keratoconus: One year-follow-up
Authors: Ghaffari Seyed Reza , Khaheshi Saeed , Alipour Fateme , Mashhadi Farahani Somayye , Beheshtnejad Amir-Hooshang , Hafezi Farhad
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of reduced fluence CXL (lower dose of UV-A irradiation) in mild to moderate keratoconus.

Setting:

Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Design:

Non-randomized prospective comparative interventional case series. Every eligible patient included in the study (mild to moderate progressive keratoconus) was randomly allocated to case (reduced fluence) and control (standard) groups, except for bilateral patients. In these patients the eye with more advanced disease was allocated to control group and the other eye was randomly assigned in either case or control group. Operators performing refraction and images and the data analyst were masked, but patients and physicians were not.

Methods:

Forty-six eyes of 38 patients were recruited. Group 1 received 7 min (fluence of 3.8 J/cm2), while group 2 received 10 min of 9 mW/cm2 UV-A (fluence of 5.4 J/cm2). Visual, keratometric and biomechanical outcomes were compared between groups.

Results:

At last follow-up (mean12 months, range 6–24 months), there were no statistically significant differences in changes in uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected distance visual acuity, Kmax, Kmean, corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, endothelial cell counts, demarcation line depth, and intraoperative pain scores between groups (all p-values < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of this study show comparable one-year outcomes between 3.8 and 5.4 J/cm2 accelerated CXL in mild to moderate keratoconus. Should the results of this study be confirmed in longer follow-ups, using a reduced fluence setting could be considered as an alternative to standard treatment in these patients.
Intergroup contact fosters more inclusive social identities
Authors: Reimer Nils Karl , Kamble Shanmukh Vasant , Schmid Katharina , Hewstone Miles
Published: October 2020

We examined how people construct their social identities from multiple group memberships—and whether intergroup contact can reduce prejudice by fostering more inclusive social identities. South Indian participants ( N = 351) from diverse caste backgrounds viewed 24 identity cards, each representing a person with whom participants shared none, one, two, or all of three group memberships (caste, religion, nationality). Participants judged each person as “us” or “not us,” showing whom they included in their ingroup, and whom they excluded. Participants tended to exclude caste and religious minorities, replicating persistent social divides. Bridging these divides, cross-group friendship was associated with more inclusive identities which, in turn, were associated with more positive relations between an advantaged, an intermediate, and a disadvantaged caste group. Negative contact was associated with less inclusive identities. Contact and identity processes, however, did not affect entrenched opposition to (or undermine support for) affirmative action in advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
Just ‘students, old timers, and sammies’? Exploring the role of stewards and private matchday security in the plural policing of Scottish football
Authors: Atkinson Colin , Graham William
Published: October 2020

Football clubs in Scotland employ stewards to help to provide a safe and enjoyable matchday experience for spectators. However, stewarding at football matches in Scotland has recently been subject to criticism, particularly in regard to the professionalism of stewards. This article makes an original contribution to scholarship by exploring the role of stewards and private matchday security in Scottish football, drawing upon qualitative data from interviews with 35 participants who have a professional or personal interest in stewarding and the provision of safety and security at football events. The analysis traces the rise of stewarding in Scottish football, noting both challenges and improvements in event safety. Conceptually, we refract this rise, and the concomitant decline in policing resources, through the lens of plural policing, arguing that the policing of football events in Scotland represents a paradigm example of this shift within a reconfiguring field of policing provision and security governance.
Beyond positive or negative: Understanding the phenomenology, typologies and impact of incidental news exposure on citizens’ daily lives
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Demeter Marton
Published: October 2020

The ubiquitous nature of online news, especially in social media, increasingly exposes readers to news even when they are not seeking it. Based on 50 semi-structured interviews with Spanish incidental news consumers, we inductively explore the effects of incidental news consumption and problematize the phenomenology of encountering news passively on social media. Our results first question previous quantitative analysis on the potential positive effects of incidental news exposure, evidencing its minimal or null effects on how citizens make sense of, and are informed about, public affairs and politics. Second, our findings indicate that citizens appraisals of incidental news content varies according to the producers involved, the topics addressed and the interest triggered. Our study contributes to current discussions of incidental news exposure, arguing that both quantitative and qualitative studies should consider the direct and indirect impact of structural, cognitive and situational variables to holistically account for incidental news effects.
“Frappés, friends, and fun”: Affective labor and the cultural industry of girlhood
Authors: Coulter Natalie
Published: October 2020

In the cultural industries of girlhood, tween girls are almost always shown to be having fun. This article focuses mainly on tween retailer Justice, its corporate communications materials, the images in its online retail spaces, and the slogans on the T-shirts that the company sells. I argue that fun is a commercial epistemology that reaffirms the boundaries between the separate market segments of youth and legitimates market incursions into girlhood. As a result, fun becomes a political action that functions as a means to depoliticize girlhood. This article builds upon Sara Ahmed’s work on the happy housewife as a fantasy figure that obscures the unequal divisions of labor in patriarchal capitalism in its assertion that the tween girl is a fantasy figure of the 21st century consumer culture whose fun is a form of commodified, depoliticized girl-power that reifies girls as productive economic subjects.