bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento: do unicamente econômico ao sustentável multidimensional
Authors: Gregolin Graciela Caroline , Gregolin Marcos Roberto Pires , Triches Rozane Márcia , Zonin Wilson João
Published: February 2021

A inserção das discussões sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, tão presentes na atualidade, não se deu de maneira simples e desvinculada de processos históricos carregados de peculiaridades. Retoma-se as primeiras discussões sobre o Desenvolvimento, quando este era a designação de uma simples mudança, de um primeiro estado não adequado para um estado acreditado como superior. Posteriormente, dado os recorrentes fracassos constatados nos projetos de promoção do desenvolvimento, começa a ecoar o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, o qual desde sua primeira recitação, até os dias atuais, evoluiu de uma forma tríade até conceitos multidimensionais complexos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo cotejar o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável apresentado por Ignacy Sachs, explorando e discutindo os aspectos inerentes as dimensões por ele apresentadas. Ressalta-se a pertinência do conceito, bem como de sua multidimensionalidade, a qual se manifesta, por exemplo, na adoção de uma agenda global para a sua promoção, denominada “Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável” também conhecida como “Agenda 2030”, cujos resultados perpassam diversas dimensões da vida no planeta.
O lixo vai falar, e numa boa: não existência e mulheres negras
Authors: Silva de Sousa Igor Thiago
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio busca contribuir com as recentes discussões acerca do racismo, cruzando-as aos debates relativos ao machismo, colonialismo, modernidade, antagonismo estrutural e terror racial e as possibilidades de construção de um outro mundo possível a partir da experiência de mulheres negras em suas vivências, estratégias e produção de conhecimento. Esse debate se mostra crucial na esfera acadêmica, e sobretudo, entre militantes do movimento negro e feminista, por deslocar o sujeito de conhecimento habitual e nos conduzir a outras potências e possibilidades tanto práticas, quanto teóricas e analíticas, as das mulheres negras, ou se preferirmos, das negras mulheres, em suas múltiplas experiências, lutas e desafios.
Território e modo de vida quilombola em São Tomé de Tauçú, no Rio Acutipereira, no Município de Portel (Pará–Brasil)
Authors: Da Silva Christian Nunes , Da Silva Edinael Pinheiro , De Lima Ricardo Ângelo Pereira , De Souza Hugo Pinon , Farias Geovani Gonçalves
Published: February 2021

O artigo objetiva analisar o modo de vida dos quilombolas de São Tomé de Tauçú, no rio Acutipereira, no município de Portel (PA), a partir de seu cotidiano e do uso do território. Assim, verificou-se que, a partir da criação de um assentamento no rio Acutipereira e de sua proximidade com o quilombo de Tauçú, o cotidiano destes quilombolas vem sofrendo alterações. Por meio de observações no local de estudo, foram identificados dados quantitativo e qualitativo. Portanto, a inserção de novos agentes, de políticas públicas e de culturas diversas está gerando modificações na vida dos quilombolas no município de Porte.
A participação popular no processo de Licenciamento Ambiental da exploração petrolífera na costa do Amapá: um estudo de caso sobre a contribuição da audiência pública do bloco FZA-M-59
Authors: Sousa Luis Ribeiro de , Oliveira Marcelo José de
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar as contribuições da participação popular via audiência pública no processo de licenciamento ambiental da exploração petrolífera de um bloco licitado na Bacia da Foz do Amazonas. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, seguida de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da ata e dos cadernos de presença da audiência pública ocorrida em Macapá-AP em novembro de 2017. Por fim, foi analisado o parecer técnico emitido pelo órgão licenciador com a conclusão temporária do processo, o que possibilitou conhecer a efetividade das contribuições. Do ponto de vista quantitativo a participação do público foi baixa, apenas 9% dos presentes se manifestaram uma ou mais vezes, tendo a categoria cidadão com a maior participação:78% e sendo formada principalmente por pessoas ligadas a instituições de ensino. Cerca de 74% das manifestações estavam relacionadas com o EIA-RIMA o que demonstra que os participantes tomaram conhecimento sobre o empreendimento. As principais preocupações foram em relação aos impactos na pesca e geração de empregos na região, além da modelagem da dispersão de óleo e os riscos aos corais da Amazônia. Verificou-se que algumas dessas preocupações foram destacadas no parecer do órgão licenciador, o que de certa forma parece ter influenciando o IBAMA em sua decisão, o qual optou por solicitar mais informações e esclarecimentos para subsidiar sua decisão sobre a licença ambiental para a exploração no bloco FZA-M-59.  Assim, conclui-se pela efetiva contribuição da audiência ao processo de licenciamento em análise.
Contradições sociais e urbanas vistas pela fresta da casa: moradia popular, hábitos tradicionais versus gestão urbana no Território Federal do Amapá (1940-1970)
Authors: Rodrigues Laercio Gomes , Lapa Tomás De Albuquerque
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as contradições sociais e urbanas na cidade de Macapá, advindas da criação do Território Federal do Amapá (TFA), no período de 1940 a 1970. A política governamental procurou implementar uma gestão pública/urbana avessa aos hábitos dos moradores locais, formado sobretudo por negros e caboclos. Famílias negras que residiam na “Macapá Antiga” viram-se excluídas da cidade que se modernizava. As “casas de madeira”, elaboradas por caboclos, foram tomadas como símbolos de uma natureza primitiva e arcaica, que denotavam desordem e impureza; elas foram vistas como expressão espacial dos hábitos rudimentares que conflitavam aos moldes desejáveis que as elites urbanas macapaenses procuravam espelhar, caracterizadas como modernas, civilizadas. “Casas em alvenaria”, tijolos e cimentos, representavam a concretude dos ideais das elites governamentais a respeito de um tempo moderno, em oposição ao tempo pretérito. O governo local tratou, entre outros, de elaborar leis, executar políticas urbanas de remanejamento habitacionais e campanhas locais com vistas a regular a vida, os hábitos e a moradia de famílias negras e de caboclos.
A Ortografia Mundurukú em Questão: uma proposta de adaptação com foco em não falantes
Authors: Pinheiro Edilson , Duarte Maria de Nazaré , Picanço Gessiane
Published: February 2021

A instituição da escrita em comunidades indígenas brasileiras tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, podendo ser uma importante aliada para o fortalecimento, a manutenção e a revitalização dessas línguas, desde que respeitem diversos fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos. Neste artigo, discutiremos a ortografia da língua Mundurukú (Tupí) que, por ter sido elaborada inicialmente com fins religiosos, foi pensada mais para os falantes nativos da língua do que para os não falantes. Por essa razão, traços suprassegmentais da língua falada, não representados na escrita, têm se tornado uma barreira no aprendizado da língua na comunidade Mundurukú da Terra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, no Amazonas, onde todos são monolíngues em Português. Isso nos motivou a elaborar uma proposta em direção à preparação de materiais pedagógicos para o ensino da língua nessa comunidade, cujos descendentes lutam para retomar a língua ancestral. Trata-se da elaboração de um vocabulário que inclui sinais gráficos para marcar os tons e a laringalização, dois traços suprassegmentais contrastivos na língua, que, na ortografia Mundurukú, não são sinalizados. Para falantes nativos, a ausência dessas marcações não parece afetar seu aprendizado; porém, para os Mundurukú do Amazonas, que falam apenas o Português, uma língua acentual, não ter qualquer pista dessas características compromete sua eficácia. Portanto, propomos uma forma de representá-los ortograficamente usando dois diacríticos, o acento agudo, para marcar as vogais de tom alto, e o acento grave, para marcar as vogais laringalizadas. A principal função desta adaptação é promover exclusivamente a aquisição do léxico, portanto, não se trata de uma mudança definitiva na ortografia da língua. Neste assunto, consideramos várias implicações com a decisão de adotar ou não sinais gráficos para essas características suprassegmentais. 
Statistical analysis and estimation of clinical effect based on Bayes factor for otorhinolaryngology
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Korneenkov A. A. , Konoplev O. I. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Fanta I. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Levin S. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Vyazemskaya E. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the use of Bayesian methods for statistical inference as an alternative to the traditional method of testing hypotheses based on the significance level. Illustrative examples of solving traditional statistical problems of hypothesis testing in otorhinolaryngology based on the calculation and interpretation of the Bayes factor are presented. As two tasks for illustration, we used the tasks of assessing the impact of sauna visits on indicators of nasal flow in patients with allergic rhinitis and the task of assessing the association of the season of the year and the frequency of birth of children with hearing impairment. Although in the form of an article it is impossible to fully describe and explain all the mathematical terms and their origin for understanding the logic of Bayesian methods, we tried to explain what they mean without reference to the mathematical manuals. As Bayesian methods are increasingly used in statistical applications, a basic understanding of how to calculate them should be part of the toolkit of every medical researcher, and how to interpret it, of every practitioner who is interested in modern results of clinical trials. All calculations used in the article are accompanied by an R-code, so they can easily be reproduced, the text of the article can be used as step-by-step instructions for their implementation.
A look at the medical history of Prosper Meniere’s patient from modern perspectives
Authors:   Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russia, Egorov V. I. , Sambulov V. I. ,   Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russia, Kozarenko A. V. ,   Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russia, Lilenko S. V. ,   Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Kozarenko M. A. ,   Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: February 2021

The review summarizes information on the stages of independent assessments of the cause of patient death, presented in 1861 by Prosper Menier. The possibility of the presence of a symptom complex unknown to the author, characteristic of intracranial hypotension syndrome, is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the symptomatic similarity of neurological and common ENT diseases different in etiopathogenesis. The rarity of the onset of reduced intracranial pressure syndrome is questioned. Risk factors for intracranial hypotension syndrome are mentioned. A hypothetical justification of the cause of death in Prosper Menier is proposed.
Tutejsi i przybysze. Przyczynek do autoetnografii Lanckorony
Authors: Godula-Węcławowicz Róża
Published: February 2021

Źrodłem rozważań są etnograficzne obserwacje, ktore poczyniłam w Lanckoronie, jednej z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych i popularnych miejscowości Małopolski. Do ich tworzenia i interpretacji wybrałam autoetnograficzną perspektywę jako najbardziej adekwatną do mojej sytuacji badawczej – etnologa mającego osobiste związki z analizowaną rzeczywistością społeczno-kulturową. Lanckorona jest przykładem ścierania się przychodzących z zewnątrz elementow nowoczesnych z tradycyjnymi, ktorych wypadkową jest odmienne doświadczanie, przeżywanie i wartościowanie przestrzeni lokalnej. Prowadzi to do kulturowych napięć ujawniających się w relacjach: autochtoni – przybysze – turyści. W tym kontekście rozważam swoj status w Lanckoronie.
Disco polo jako zasób kontrhegemoniczny wobec metamorficznych praktyk wizerunkowo-estetycznych na przykładzie wybranych narracji medialnych
Authors: Rydlewski Michał
Published: February 2021

W artykule poddaję refleksji niechęć do gatunku muzyki disco polo. Ta niechęć jest widoczna w poglądach wielu członków elity intelektualnej polskiego społeczeństwa, którzy uważają tę muzykę za kicz. Stosunek do tej muzyki, słuchanej głównie przez mieszkańców wsi i małych miasteczek, jest wskaźnikiem gustu kulturowego, a zatem znakiem przynależności klasowej. Jeśli chcesz być lepszy, poniżaj słuchaczy disco polo. W artykule pokazuję, że słuchacze disco polo okazali się silnym zasobem antyhegemonicznym, który nie został dostosowany do gustów wyższej klasy. Dlatego należy nim gardzić, gdyż oparł się nowej władzy – estetyce.
Dieta roślinna i zaangażowanie społeczne w praktykach dyskursywnych społeczności internetowych
Authors: Orszulak-Dudkowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w artykule jest dieta roślinna, której praktykowanie w kulturze współczesnej uwikłane jest silnie w projekty tożsamościowe i światopoglądowe oraz działania na rzecz zmian życia społecznego i kultury jedzenia. Autorka, wykorzystując metodę etnografii wirtualnej i analizę dyskursu, poddaje szczegółowej analizie dyskurs kulinarny, służący wzajemnej komunikacji zwolenników diety roślinnej w przestrzeni polskojęzycznego portalu społecznościowego (Facebook). Tego rodzaju analiza dyskursu służy pokazaniu specyfiki współczesnej diety roślinnej, ale także ukazaniu uwikłania interesujących autorkę praktyk kulinarnych w światopoglądowo zaangażowane działania proekologiczne, gospodarcze i polityczne. Dieta roślinna pojawia się zatem w przedstawionej analizie w szczegółowym kontekście społecznym i środowiskowym, zachowując swoją kulinarną specyfikę i autonomię, ale jednocześnie obrazując ważne procesy aktualnych przemian kulturowych w Polsce.
Patrones de uso de la tierra en la Amazonía central ecuatoriana: Una comparación entre etnias Kichwa, Shuar y colonos
Authors: Vasco Cristian , Huerta Cruz Shirley , Jaramillo María Isabel , Jaramillo Rusbel , Jácome Estefanía
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza los patrones de uso de la tierra de poblaciones colono-mestizas e indígenas (Kichwa y Shuar) en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Con datos de una encuesta de hogar realizada en comunidades colonas, Kichwa y Shuar de la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador, se determinó que los colonos se dedican principalmente a la agricultura comercial y a la ganadería extensiva. Por otra parte, existen diferencias marcadas en los patrones de uso de la tierra de las dos etnias indígenas estudiadas. Como los colonos, los Shuar se dedican a la producción de cultivos comerciales y la crianza de ganado vacuno, en tanto que los Kichwa se dedican casi exclusivamente a la agricultura de subsistencia. Estas diferencias parecen estar relacionadas con las condiciones locales, trayectorias de migración y asentamiento y el grado de integración a la economía de mercado. Más allá de esto, los resultados de este estudio indican que, contrariamente a la creencia general, las estrategias de supervivencia y los patrones de uso de la tierra de los colonos no necesariamente ni en todos los casos difieren de aquellas adoptadas por las poblaciones indígenas.
INSECTOS POLINIZADORES EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE Theobroma cacao L. EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DEL LITORAL ECUATORIANO
Authors: Armijos Vásquez Vivianna , García Cruzatty Luz Cecilia , Vera Luis David , Castro Olaya Jessenia , Martínez Malena
Published: February 2021

Los polinizadores naturales cumplen un rol importante en la eficiencia reproductiva de Theobroma cacao. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la cantidad y diversidad de insectos en T. cacao tipo Nacional, en sistema monocultivo y sistema agroforestal, con énfasis en los polinizadores. El estudio se realizó en finca experimental “La Represa” ubicada en el cantón Quevedo, provincia Los Ríos, Ecuador. Se colocaron trampas de emergencia y captura de insectos en los dos sistemas de cultivo. Además, se realizaron observaciones directas en las flores de T. cacao para registrar la presencia de insectos polinizadores. Los insectos capturados se identificaron con la ayuda de claves entomológicas, lupa, y estereomicroscopio. Se calculó el índice de dominancia y diversidad Simpson e índice de similitud de Jaccard. Los mayores porcentajes de insectos se obtuvieron del orden Hymenóptera (76.99%), Coleóptera (10.21%) y Díptera (7.95%). El índice Simpson fue de 0.58 y 0.42 para dominancia y diversidad, respectivamente. La similitud según Jaccard fue del 24 por ciento de las familias de insectos en los sistemas de producción. Se registró una sola familia (Cecidomyiidae) como un posible polinizador en T. cacao en el área de estudio. Hay baja diversidad y alta dominancia de insectos para los sistemas de producción analizados. Uno de los factores climáticos que influye en la presencia de los insectos capturados en T. cacao es la humedad relativa, pues se encontró una relación directa positiva entre estas dos variables.
ÁREAS VERDES Y ARBOLADO EN LA ZONA URBANA DEL CANTÓN JIPIJAPA
Authors: Cabrera Verdesoto César Alberto , Ponce Macías Carlos Julio , Cantos Cevallos Cristóbal , Morán Morán Jessica Jessenia , Cabrera Verdezoto Rodrigo Paul
Published: February 2021

Las áreas verdes y arbolados urbanos cumplen funciones ecológicas y ambientales indiscutibles, tal es la importancia de ellos que es fundamental una gestión racional y adecuada, especialmente, sobre los árboles de alineación, siendo estos los que sufren las situaciones más hostiles y de descuido. A pesar de su eficacia para aumentar la calidad ambiental existen pocos estudios enfocados en realizar valoraciones a los arbolados y áreas verdes en las zonas urbanas de la provincia de Manabí. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el arbolado en la zona urbana del cantón Jipijapa, con un área de 16,473 m2, donde se realizó un censo de los parques existentes, también se elaboró un inventario de las  especies forestales. Para esto, se consideró que los parques son espacios públicos claramente delimitados, dominados por vegetaciones arbóreas y destinadas como áreas verdes públicas. En el estudio se obtuvo la información dasométrica de los árboles de los 10 parques públicos existentes en el cantón; se aplicó el análisis cartográfico a partir de la elaboración de  mapas, con base en la georreferenciación de las áreas verdes, que nos ayudó a la interpretación total del arbolado por cada parque y se determinó el índice de valor de importancia ecológica de las especies arbóreas encontradas en la zona de estudio, donde la especie Azadirachta indica  A. Juss. (NEEN) fue la más representativa con 52.22 % y el Citrus limon L. (LIMÓN) con 1.68 %, la menos representativa.
EFECTO DE LAS VARIABLES CLIMÁTICAS SOBRE LA FLUCTUACIÓN DEL NIVEL FREÁTICO EN SUELOS FLUVISOLES DEL VALLE DEL RÍO CARRIZAL
Authors: Carreño Stalin
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación se realizó, desde diciembre 2016 a noviembre del 2017, en el Campus Politécnico de la ESPAM MFL, en el sitio El Limón, parroquia Calceta, cantón Bolívar, con el propósito de identificar los efectos de las variables climáticas sobre la fluctuación del nivel freático en suelos fluvisoles del valle del Río Carrizal, se instalaron 16 pozos de observación en todo el campus, cada dos semanas se midió el nivel freático utilizando un flexómetro, se midió en centímetros. Las variables independientes registradas fueron: precipitación (mm), temperaturas (°C máxima, mínima y ambiental), humedad relativa (%), heliofanía (h.s-1), evaporación (mm) y velocidad del viento (m.s-1). El análisis de datos se realizó en dos fases inicialmente: análisis descriptivo, luego para establecer relación entre las variables se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y finalmente un análisis de regresión múltiple, en cuanto a las variables evaluadas estadísticamente, se comprobó que el nivel freático tiene relación con la temperatura máxima, mínima, ambiental, precipitación, evaporación y heliofanía, obteniendo diferencia significativas p<0.05, en cuanto al análisis de regresión entre las variables predictoras y el nivel freático se obtuvieron varios modelos estadístico como alternativas para predecir el comportamiento del nivel freático, siendo el modelo ganador con un R2ajustado= 0,94, por lo tanto, se concluye el 94% del comportamiento del nivel freático se encuentra determinado por factores climáticos siendo estos: la temperatura, precipitación, evaporación y heliofanía, quienes ejercen cambios contundentes en el ascenso y descenso del mismo.
Análisis de Accidentalidad vial de motocicletas mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfico. Caso estudio: Tunja-Boyacá
Authors: Pérez-Cantor Juan Camilo
Published: February 2021

En el trabajo se presentan los resultados al aplicar la técnica del uso de variables de densidades de Kernel para elaborar mapas de densidades de accidentes en motocicletas, empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), en la ciudad de Tunja-Boyacá, la cual está catalogada como una ciudad intermedia según clasificación del DANE, en el periodo correspondiente a 2016-2018. En Boyacá, específicamente en su capital, Tunja, es importante implementar nuevas medidas que sean resultado de investigaciones y se acoplen a las características geográficas, económicas y sociales de la zona en estudio, para así mitigar la situación que se presenta por diversas causas atribuidas a los conductores, principalmente, a los motociclistas, quienes involucran a peatones y a otros usuarios de las vías. Este análisis contempla los corredores viales de Tunja en donde se presenta siniestralidad. Cabe señalar que la investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo; la información se extrajo de bases de datos, obteniendo los parámetros que determinan las variables de densidad de Kernel mediante los SIG; se evaluaron y analizaron los puntos de vista de los actores involucrados, los motociclistas. Finalmente, se concluye el análisis espacial y temporal para identificar los tramos de incidencia crítica en la ciudad, los cuales pueden ser subsanados a partir de intervenciones arquitectónicas, ingenieriles y urbanísticas para mejorar, prevenir y evitar la siniestralidad en la ciudad.
Argumentación científica escolar: modelo para la defensa del medio ambiente
Authors: Valenzuela-González Adriana , Zuñiga-González Laura
Published: February 2021

Esta propuesta de investigación está orientada al planteamiento, validación, implementación y evaluación de un modelo de argumentación científica que promueva el reconocimiento, en estudiantes de básica secundaria de la Institución Educativa Ciudad Verde del municipio de Soacha, de las energías renovables como una estrategia de reducción de los problemas ambientales. Se plantea una metodología de tipo mixto con la intención de aprovechar sus componentes tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos. Como resultado, se describen de forma general los elementos teóricos que permitirán la construcción de la propuesta de modelo argumentativo. Se concluye indicando la importancia de desarrollar procesos argumentativos que contribuyan a la superación de la crisis climática global. Esto a través de acciones educativas que fortalezcan en los ciudadanos el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico para que, de una forma participativa, puedan contribuir en la mitigación de los problemas ambientales actuales.
Plant resilience and physiological modifications induced by curettage of Esca-diseased grapevines
Authors: Cholet Céline , Bruez Émilie , Lecomte Pascal , Barsacq Audrey , Martignon Tommaso , Giudici Massimo , Simonit Marco , Dubourdieu Denis , Gény Laurence
Published: February 2021

The re-emergence of Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs), mainly Esca, has been observed in most of the world’s vineyards during the last two decades. Development of necrosis in grapevine wood, especially white-rot, is typically associated with Esca-diseased plants. One of the different methods being used in attempts to eradicate GTDs is curettage. This old cultural practice, which consists in surgically removing the necrotic wood, specifically white-rot, retaining only the non-necrotic tissue of Esca-diseased grapevine, is used in some European vineyards (Spain, France, Italy, Portugal), and is being increasingly reintroduced since 10 years ago in France. We, therefore, wanted to study the effect of curettage on vigour, fertility and berry quality, and year after year plant recovery. Our study synthetizes a 3-year experiment on Esca-diseased cv. Sauvignon blanc grapevines curetted in a commercial plot in the Bordeaux region. Asymptomatic control grapevines were compared to Esca-diseased grapevines without curettage (with typical foliar symptoms), and with curetted Esca-diseased grapevines (without foliar symptoms). Even if the curetted grapevines recovered lower vigour and fertility than the control plants, their grape berry quality was comparable, unlike for Esca-diseased grapevines. This cultural practice proved particularly effective in helping Esca-symptomatic grapevines to recover asymptomatic after treatment. Over time, curettage induces the resilience of grapevines, allowing them to recuperate their full physiological functioning, thereby compensating for Esca’s detrimental impact on berry quality.
The Negative Impact of Biomass Burning and the Orinoco Low-Level Jet on the Air Quality of the Orinoco River Basin
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez Camila , Echeverry Ghisliane , Jaramillo Alejandro , Ladino Luis Antonio
Published: February 2021

Biomass burning (BB) is a common activity in developing countries and has been identified as a serious air pollution threat. The present work evaluates the air quality of the largest town in the extensive Colombian savannas (250,000 km2) for the first time, from measurements over three consecutive years (2017-2020). Although the air quality in Villavicencio is good in terms of PM10 and O3 for most of the year, the pollution levels for both pollutants exceed the World Health Organization recommended limits during the dry season (February to April). The combination of the Orinoco low-level jet (OLLJ) with the BB emissions from the Venezuelan and the Colombian savannas was identified as the main cause of the poor air quality episodes during the dry season in this city. Organic carbon derived from reanalysis was identified as the main component of the high PM10 concentrations during the dry season. However, mineral dust and sea salt particles were also found to play an important role in the poor air quality observed in Villavicencio and likely along the Orinoco river basin region. Finally, between November and March, the OLLJ was found to be an efficient mechanism for the transport of air pollutants from the Atlantic Ocean and the savannas regions in the Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela and Colombia towards southern regions of Colombia, and in some cases, Ecuador.
Comparing Psychopathy Traits and Behavioral Inhibition Among Smoker and Non-Smoker Teenage Students
Authors: Marandizadehshirvan Navazesh , Marandizadehshirvan Navazesh
Published: February 2021

Aims: Adolescence is a critical period because the brain is involved in the process of maturation that entails cognitive functions. On the way of maturation, an individual’s inhibitory control undergoes many changes and becomes vulnerable to different thrill-seeking like smoking, drinking, and so on. Smoking is highly prevalent among teenagers that are trying to take control of their behaviors in order to join society. They experience antisocial behavior too which is a trait that can lead adolescents to addiction. This trait is an inevitable part of psychopathy. Inhibitory deficits and psychopathy have been widely reported in addiction studies. The current study tried to investigate the relationship between psychopathic traits and behavioral inhibition between male smokers and non-smoker teenage students.Materials & Methods: Statistical sample of this research is 62 teenage students aged 17 years that are divided into smoker and non-smoker groups. The participants have been chosen through random sampling from the population of 10 high schools. The data have been gathered in Kordkoy and Gorgan in Golestan province. Behavioral bias has been measured by Go/NoGo task and psychopathic traits through youth psychopathic traits inventory. Also, the short form of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale test has been executed and used as a control variable.Findings: A meaningful difference has been found between the performance of smoker and non-smoker groups in Go/No Go task and psychopathic traits that are smokers performed weaker in comparison with non-smokers and psychopathic traits of smokers were meaningfully higher than non-smokers. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between these two groups in their Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale scores.Conclusion: The results have shown that smokers have higher psychopathic traits and lower behavioral inhibition when compared with their non-smoker peers. According to the results of current research, smoking can decline the cognitive functions.
Side-Effects of Public Health Policies Against COVID-19: The Story of an Over-Reaction
Authors: Lansiaux Edouard , Tchagaspanian Noe , Arnaud Juliette , Durand Pierre , Changizi Mark , Forget Joachim
Published: February 2021

Let us all take a moment to talk, once again, about this new coronavirus pandemic that the world has been facing since November 2019 and about its global response. After a short period marked by the pandemic underestimation risk by most governments, the Western world went nuts and overreacted, most probably so as not to be accused of inaction. In many cases, the overall benefits of the chosen policies were not sufficiently questioned, which resulted in many side effects on global health .The medical motto “primum non nocere”, a moral principle everyone should at least consider following, was evidently not taken into account. It has been overlooked, and the virus has become an obsession, to the extent that nearly everything else, even the most valuable things in life, is still now under appreciated if not simply ignored. This review highlighted facts against this simplistic, one-dimensional view.
Performance analysis of a 48kWp grid-connected photovoltaic plant in the Sahelian climate conditions of Nouakchott, Mauritania
Authors: Med YAHYA Ahmed , Mahmoud Abdel Kader , DAHER Daha Hassan , GAILLARD Léon , MENEZO Christophe , Youm Issakha , Mellit Adel
Published: February 2021

This paper presents preliminary operational performance results of a pilot grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system designed and installed on the rooftop of the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy and Mining headquarter in Nouakchott (latitude of 18.1°N and the longitude of 16.0°W), Mauritania. The aim is for the government to demonstrate the relevance of using solar energy and to encourage the uptake of solar PV technology for commercial and residential building applications in Mauritania.. In this study, the grid-connected PV system has a peak power of 48 kW and the performance monitoring was carried out during one year, with a system that allow to measure DC power, inverter and system conversion efficiency, energy generated by the PV arrays, solar radiation in the inclination plane of panels, ambient temperature and module temperature. During this period, the PV plant was found to supply 65,668 kWh to the grid. The final yield ranged from 3.91 to 5.09 kWh/kWp/day. The performance ratio was found to vary from 69.69% to 89.35% and the annual capacity factor was found to be 19%. Finally, performance parameters were compared with other PV plants installed in the same region of Northern Africa. The outcome of this work is deemed important in assisting accurate PV system design and decision-making.
Penjadwalan Integer Linear Programming pada Penjadwalan Produksi Tipe Flowshop dan Program Optimasi Waktu dengan Metode Branch and Bound
Authors: Ismawati Khotimah  , Hagni Wijayanti  , Sri Setyaningsih
Published: February 2021

Penjadwalan merupakan pengalokasian sumber daya yang tersedia untuk menyelesaikan sejumlah pekerjaan dengan mempertimbangkan batasan yang ada. Hal yang cukup penting dalam perusahaan adalah menentukan penjadwalan yang optimal agar kegiatan produksi dapat berjalan dengan lancar, efisien, dan sistematis. PT Unitex merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang tekstil. Perusahaan ini menerapkan penjadwalan yang kurang efisien sehingga menyebabkan permasalahan seperti keterlambatan waktu dalam penyelesaian produksi akibat terlalu banyaknya permintaan konsumen yang tidak menentu. Perusahaan melakukan penjadwalan hanya diperkirakan saja dan tidak menggunakan metode ilmiah. Metode Branch and Bound dapat diterapkan pada permasalahan tersebut karena dapat menentukan penjadwalan yang tepat dengan waktu optimal. Metode Branch and Bound adalah metode pencarian dalam menentukan solusi optimal pada penjadwalan dengan menentukan nilai batas atas dan nilai  batas bawah untuk menghasilkan nilai makespan dari tiap job yang dikerjakan. Penjadwalan menggunakan Metode Branch and Bound menghasilkan urutan penjadwalan produksi dengan job 1-5-3-6-7-2-4 dengan makespan sebesar 17290.73 menit. Nilai ini lebih kecil dibandingkan hasil makespan perusahaan yaitu 19278.13 menit. Hal tersebut meminimumkan makespan sebesar 10.31%.
Short-term impact of the COVID-19 confinement measures on health behaviours and weight gain among adults in Belgium
Authors: Drieskens Sabine , Berger Nicolas , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Gisle Lydia , Braekman Elise , Charafeddine Rana , De Ridder Karin , Demarest Stefaan
Published: February 2021

Background: In Belgium, confinement measures were introduced on the 13th of March 2020 to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These measures may affect health behaviours of the population such as eating habits, physical activity and alcohol consumption, which in turn can lead to weight gain resulting in overweight and obesity, increasing the risk of several chronic diseases, but also of severe COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of confinement measures on health behaviours and their associations with weight gain.Methods: Data were derived from the second national COVID-19 health survey. Data were collected between the 16th and the 23rd of April 2020. The recruitment of participants was based on snowball sampling via Sciensano’s website, invitations via e-mail and social media. The study sample includes participants aged 18 years and over with no missing data on the variables of interest (n=28,029). The association between self-reported weight gain and health behaviour changes, adjusted for gender, age group and household composition was assessed through OR’s (95% CI) calculated with logistic regression models, using post-stratification weights.Results: Overall, 28.6% reported weight gain after 6 weeks of confinement. Higher odds of weight gain were observed among participants who increased or decreased their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR=1.39 (1.15-1.68) and 1.29 (1.04-1.60), respectively), among those who increased their consumption of sweet or salty snacks (OR=3.65 (3.27-4.07)), among those who became less physically active (OR=1.91 (1.71-2.13)), and among those who increased their alcohol consumption (OR=1.86 (1.66-2.08)).Conclusions: The most important correlates of weight gain during confinement were an increased consumption of sweet or salty snacks and being less physically active. These findings confirm the impact of diet and exercise on short term weight gain and plead to take more action, in supporting people to achieve healthier behaviours in order to tackle overweight and obesity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Computational Flow Cytometric Analysis to Detect Epidermal Subpopulations In Human Skin
Authors: Zhang Lidan , Cen Ying , Huang Qiaorong , Li Huifang , Mo Xianming , Meng Wentong , Chen Junjie
Published: February 2021

Background
The detection and dissection of epidermal subgroups could lead to an improved understanding of skin homeostasis and wound healing. Flow cytometric analysis provides an effective method to detect the surface markers of epidermal cells while producing high-dimensional data files.
Methods
A 9-color flow cytometric panel was optimized to reveal the heterogeneous subgroups in the epidermis of human skin. The subsets of epidermal cells were characterized using automated methods based on dimensional reduction approaches (viSNE) and clustering with Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events (SPADE).
Results
The manual analysis revealed differences in epidermal distribution between body sites based on a series biaxial gating starting with the expression of CD49f and CD29. The computational analysis divided the whole epidermal cell population into 25 clusters according to the surface marker phenotype with SPADE. This automatic analysis delineated the differences between body sites. The consistency of the results was confirmed with PhenoGraph.
Conclusion
A multicolor flow cytometry panel with a streamlined computational analysis pipeline is a feasible approach to delineate the heterogeneity of the epidermis in human skin.
Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome - Case report 
Authors: Shabani Bujar , Bytyqi Dafina , Bytyqi Cen
Published: February 2021

Background: Clubfeet and constriction band syndrome is a very rare non-idiopathic condition. Treatment is often difficult and the recurrence deformity rate is high. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital constriction band syndrome accompanied by clubfoot deformity and lymphedema. Case presentation: We are presenting an interesting case of bilateral clubfeet and congenital circumferential constriction band syndrome in the lower limb. Ponseti method of correcting the congenital clubfoot deformity was applied. Constriction band release is accomplished by two stages completely excising the fibrous band and multiple two-stage Z-plasties on the right calf. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Ponseti method of gentle, systematic manipulation and weekly cast changes is an effective treatment of non idiopathic clubfoot distal to congenital amniotic constriction band.
Size, composition and distribution of health workforce in India: why, and where to invest?
Authors: Karan Anup , Negandhi Himanshu , Hussain Suhaib , Zapata Tomas , Mairembam Dilip , De Graeve Hilde , Buchan James , Zodpey Sanjay
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Investment in human resources for health not only strengthen the health system but also generates employment and contributes to economic growth. India can gain from enhanced investment in health workforce in multiple ways. This study in addition to presenting updated estimates on size and composition of health workforce, identifies areas of investment in health workforce in India.METHODS: We analyzed two sources of data: i) National Health Workforce Account (NHWA) 2018 and ii) Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18 of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). Using the two sources we collated comparable estimates of different categories of health workers in India, density of health workforce and skill-mix at the all India and state levels.RESULTS: The study estimated (from NHWA 2018) a total stock of 5.76 million health workers which included allopathic doctors (1.16 million), nurses/midwives (2.34 million), pharmacist (1.20 million), dentists (0.27 million), and traditional medical practitioner (AYUSH 0.79 million). However, the active health workforce size estimated (NSSO2017-18) is much lower (3.12 million) with allopathic doctors and nurses/midwives estimated as 0.80 million and 1.40 million respectively. Stock density of doctor and nurses/mid-wives are 8.8 and 17.7 respectively per 10,000 persons as per NHWA. However, active health workers’ density (estimated from NSSO) of doctor and nurses/mid-wives are estimated to be 6.1 and 10.6 respectively. The numbers further drop to 5.0 and 6.0 respectively after accounting for the adequate qualifications. All these estimates are well below the WHO threshold of 44.5 doctor, nurses and midwives per 10,000 population. The results reflected highly skewed distribution of health workforce across states, rural-urban and public-private sectors. A substantial proportion of active health worker were found not adequately qualified on the one hand and on the other more than 20% of qualified health professionals are not active in labour markets.CONCLUSION: India needs to invest in HRH for increasing the number of active health workers and also improve the skill-mix which requires investment in professional colleges and technical education. India also needs encouraging qualified health professionals to join the labour markets and additional trainings and skill building for already working but inadequately qualified health workers.
Overexpressed WDR3 induces the activation of Hippo pathway by interacting with GATA4 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Su Wenjie , Zhu Shikai , Chen Kai , Yang Hongji , Tian Mingwu , Fu Qiang , Shi Ganggang , Feng Shijian , Ren Dianyun , Jin Xin , Yang Chong
Published: February 2021

Background: WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) is involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene regulation, cell cycle progression, signal transduction and apoptosis. However, the biological role of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer and the associated mechanism remains unclear. We seek to explore the immune-independent functions and relevant mechanism for WDR3 in pancreatic cancer.Methods: The GEPIA web tool was searched, and IHC assays were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer patients. MTS, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to determine the biological role of WDR3 in human cancer. Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of specific genes. An immunoprecipitation assay was used to explore protein-protein interactions.Results: Our study proved that overexpressed WDR3 was correlated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer and that WDR3 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, WDR3 activated the Hippo signaling pathway by inducing yes association protein 1 (YAP1) expression, and the combination of WDR3 silencing and administration of the YAP1 inhibitor TED-347 had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the progression of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the upregulation of YAP1 expression induced by WDR3 was dependent on an interaction with GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), the transcription factor of YAP1, which interaction induced the nuclear translocation of GATA4 in pancreatic cancer cells.Conclusions: We identified a novel mechanism by which WDR3 plays a critical role in promoting pancreatic cancer progression by activating the Hippo signaling pathway through the interaction with GATA4. Therefore, WDR3 is potentially a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
VATS right upper posterior segmentectomy with anomalous bronchiand pulmonary vessels: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Zhu Yilv , Li Hongwei , Yu Caihua , Min Weiwei
Published: February 2021

Background: Anatomic variation may increase the difficulty and risk for anatomic segmentectomy. The preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA) can provide a detailed model of the segmental structure, and contribute to precise and safe segmentectomy. Case presentation : We report a case with anomalous bronchi and pulmonary vessels in the right upper posterior segment (RS 2 ), under the guidance of 3D-CTBA, anatomic RS 2 segmentoctomywas performed accurately and safely, the postoperative condition was uneventful. Conclusions: This rare case highlights the importance of 3D-CTBA to guild accurate segmentectomy with anatomic variation.
Deep Learning Based BackCom Multiple Beamforming for 6G UAV IoT Networks
Authors: Qi Fei , Li Wenjing , Yu Peng , Feng Lei , Zhou Fanqin
Published: February 2021

Combining unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with 6G, Internet of Things (IoT) and other emerging communication technologies could better satisfy various IoT applications and create more innovative services. This paper develops a novel hierarchical 6G IoT network with UAVs in the sky and intelligent reflective surface (IRS) equipped. The system employs backscattering communication (BackCom) to transmit data in a free-ride manner. Through beamforming, IRS enhances the energy of the reflectable signal, thereby improving the distance and performance of the BackCom. Simulation results reveal that our approach makes a significant improvement to the performance of the whole system, and takes obvious advantage over traditional solutions.
An Efficient System for Intestinal On-site Butyrate Production Using Novel Microbiome-Derived Esterases
Authors: Jung Dah Hyun , Yong Ji Hyun , Hwang Wontae , Yoon Mi Young , Yoon Sang Sun
Published: February 2021

Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, play beneficial roles in sustaining gastrointestinal health. However, due to limitations associated with direct consumption of butyrate, there has been interest in using prodrugs of butyrate. Tributyrin (TB), a triglyceride composed of three butyrate molecules and a glycerol, is a well-studied precursor of butyrate. We screened a metagenome library consisting of 5,760 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, with DNA inserts originating from mouse microbiomes, and identified two clones that efficiently hydrolyse TB into butyrate. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that inserts in these two clones are derived from unknown microbes. BLASTp analysis, however, revealed that each insert contains a gene homologous to acetylesterase or esterase genes, from Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Predicted structures of these two proteins both contain serine-histidine-aspartate catalytic triad, highly conserved in the family of esterases. Escherichia coli host expressing each of the two candidate genes invariably produced greater amounts of butyrate in the presence of TB. Importantly, administration of TB together with cloned Escherichia coli cells alleviated inflammatory symptoms in a mouse model of acute colitis. Based on these results, we established an efficient on-site and real-time butyrate production system that releases butyrate in a controlled manner inside the intestine