bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Dynamic Plasma Thiol -disulfide Homeostasis with a Novel Technique in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Dumlu Ersin Gürkan , Tokaç Mehmet , Özsoy Mustafa , Kılınç İbrahim , Dinçer Nazmiye , Erel Özcan , Kılıç Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a serious life-threatening clinical case. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with oxidative stress plays a key role in I/R pathophysiology.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate dynamic thiol / disulfide hemostasis in intestinal I/R in rats.
Materials and Methods: 24 Winstar albino rats were divided into 3 groups (8 animals in each group: (1) sham (operation without ischemia), (2) ischemia (90 minutes ischemia), (3) ischemia/reperfusion (after ischemia for 30 minutes reperfusion for 60 minutes). At the end of the process, liver samples were evaluated pathologically. Also, in plasma samples, native thiol, disulphide and total thiol levels were measured.
Results: Native thiol levels in ischemia and I/R group were found to be significantly lower compared to the sham group (P<0.001). Disulfide levels in Ischemia group were found to be significantly higher compared to the sham group (P< 0.05). Disulfide / native thiol levels in ischemia and I/R group were found to be significantly higher compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). Disulfide / total thiol levels in both ischemia and I/R group were found to be significantly higher compared to the sham group (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Balance of dynamic thiol/disulfide is a quite suitable indicator for evaluating oxidative stress which occurs as a result of intestinal I/R. As a result, measurement of dynamic thiol/disulfide balance with Erel method is fully automated and practical for evaluating oxidative environment which is formed with ischemia reperfusion.
Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Diagnosed as Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Abbood Ali , Al Salihi Hareer , Otegbeye Olatunji , Madruga Mario , Carlan S. J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) is a rare malignancy of vasculature that carries a very poor prognosis that is often misdiagnosed as a pulmonary embolism due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. It is a very aggressive malignancy with surgery the mainstay of initial management. Chemotherapy is normally given postoperatively, although it is not clear if chemo and radiotherapy bring any improvement, some data report an increase in survival in patients who received multimodality therapy vs single therapy.

Case: A 48 year-old female was initially diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism based on clinical presentation and imaging. She was treated vigorously but continued to show no improvement after two weeks. She underwent an open thrombectomy and a large concurrent pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) was found. The mass was adherent to the intima and extended into the left and right pulmonary arteries. The tumor was not fully resected and tissue results showed poorly differentiated sarcoma. A treatment plan was then initiated to include systemic chemotherapy. She developed metastatic disease despite receiving multimodal therapy and died with within 2 years from the initial diagnosis.

Conclusion: Persistent symptoms in patients diagnosed and treated adequately for pulmonary artery thrombosis should indicate a possible comorbid condition including sarcoma. This is particularly the case in the older age group with imaging that suggests central embolism despite treatment.
Hemodialysis Catheter-related Infections: Incidence, Microbiology and Outcome 5 years of Dubai Hospital Experience
Authors: Yousif Salem Hussein , Ahmed Maseer , Gulzar Kashif , Alalawi Fakhriya , Alhadari Amna
Published: August 2021

Background: The central venous catheters (CVC) has recently become a worldwide commonest technique for vascular access, however; prone to infection and associated with other complications more than other vascular access techniques, such as fistula or graft.

Objective: To investigate the incidence, the types of micro-organism, the most sensitive and suitable antibiotics, the outcomes associated with CVC infection in chronic hemodialysis patients treated through tunneled CVC.in a single-center population.

Methods: The records of hemodialysis patients from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Patients above 14 years of age, on hemodialysis via a permanent tunneled catheter at any time of the mentioned period, were included. The rate of CRBSI (Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections) was calculated as density of incidence and reported per 1000 catheter days. Patient mortality was recorded.

Results: In 5 years, a total of 73 episodes of CRBSI in 49 hemodialysis patients were recorded. 59.2% were male with a mean age of 53.57 years. 40.8% had end-stage kidney disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy. In all, 67.3% episodes grew Gram-positive isolates, among those staphylococci epidermidis (26.4%, n=19) and staphylococci aureus (25%, n=18) were the most common organism, whereas Klebsiella pneumonia (8.3%, n=6), Enterobacter cloacae (8.3%, n=6), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.5%, n=4) and E.coli (5.5%, n=4) were the most common Gram-negative isolates. A total of 6 isolates were multidrug-resistant, which includes Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter, and E. coli. Only 1 out of 18 staphylococci aureus cases were methicillin-resistant and 21% (n=6) of Gram-negative isolates were Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. The average hospital stay was 9 days (2-30 days). The hemodialysis catheter was removed for 19 (38.77%) patients and 4 (8.1%) patients expired due to septic shock despite catheter removal and being on appropriate antibiotics.

Conclusion: The mainstay to reduce CRBSI would be ideal to avoid catheters or decrease the duration of catheters. This can be achieved through more aggressive counseling and fast-track protocols for AV Fistulae creation at the pre-dialysis stage.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Management of Childhood Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Tien Yu Song M. , Ralitera A. , Rasolofoson C. U. , Bemora J. S. , Rasolonjatovo E. C. , Ratovondrainy W. , Mamiarisoa R. , Andriamamonjy C.
Published: August 2021

Primary dural lymphoma is a rare pathology, it is part of the malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system and it can reach the extradural or subdural space. We report a case of a little boy of three years and two months admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery CHU JRA for multiple swellings in the scalp associated with an altered general condition. The CT scan revealed a multiple extra-axial expansive process with retro-orbital extension responsible for an important exophthalmos as well as at the scalp level. Anatomopathological examination of the dura mater biopsy revealed a malignant non-Hodgkin's small cell lymphoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy of 05 sessions and the evolution was marked by the persistence of the symptoms. The post chemotherapy brain scan showed considerable extension of the lesions. The next step would be radiotherapy.
The Influence of Organizational Culture, Leadership Style, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance
Authors: Wahyuni Dewi , Purba Charles Bohlen
Published: August 2021

Purpose of this study is to analyze and understand simultaneously the influence of organizational culture, management style and work discipline on the performance of employees of PT. Don't call it Timur Shakti. The original data of the questionnaire and secondary data in the data were used as probability samples. As a sampling procedure. This study is a quantitative study of seventy-line employees of PT Bintang Timur Sakti. The analytical method used in this study is to use SPSS 24 to perform multiple linear regression. Organizational culture, management style and work discipline all have a positive impact on employee productivity. Corporate culture of PT. Bintang Timur Sakti is a variable that has a significant effect on employee productivity at PT Bintang Timur Sakti.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Merremia Tridentata (Linn) Hallier F.
Authors: Adebiyi Olubodun A. , Ameh Danladi A. , Onyike Elewechi , James Dorcas B.
Published: August 2021

The acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of Ethanol leaf extract of Merremia tridentata (Linn) Halier F. (MTELE) was carried out on albino wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity profile of the extract were determined using standard methods. The animals were assigned into groups and administered varying doses of MTELE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight and 0.2 ml of distilled water) for a period of hundred days (fourteen weeks). The body weight, relative organ weight, haematology, serum biochemical indices and histopathological studies of the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lungs were appropriately carried out to determine propensity of possible toxicity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids while anthraquinone and cyanogenic glycosides were absent. The median lethal dose LD50 was estimated as 2200 mg/kg body weight. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in the percentage change in body weight of rats administered 200 and 400 mg/kg/day dose of the extract for 100days when compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the relative weight of the spleen of rats and significant (p<0.05) increase in the relative weight of the liver, kidney, heart and lungs of rats administered 400 mg/kg/day dose. All serum biochemical parameters studied showed significant (p<0.05) increase in group administered 400 mg/kg body weight dose while alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogesase and potassium ion showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the group administered 200 mg/kg/day. There is no significant change in hematological parameters like RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, monocytes, basophils, MCV, MCH, MCHC, in the extract treated animals except the lymphocyte that showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction only in the group treated with 400 mg/kg body weight dose. Administration of MTELE at 200 mg/kg body weight did not occasioned any histo-architectural change in the liver and spleen but caused varying degree of remarkable histological derangement in the other tissues. Furthermore, there were remarkable pathologies in the liver, kidney, spleen, heart and lungs ranging from vascular congestion, haemorrhage, fibrosis, to renal and myocardial damage in the group treated with 400 mg/kg/day dose for hundred days. However, 100 mg/kg body weight dose showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the parameters evaluated indicating safety at this dosage. Ethanol leaf extract of Merremia tridentata (Linn) Halier F. (MTELE) may not be safe at chronic administration even at dosage as low as 200 mg/kg body weight. The plant should be cautiously employed to avoid unwarranted complication on long term administration.
Adaptive Voltage Regulation Control Strategy in a Stand-Alone Islanded DC Microgrid based on distributed Wind / Photovoltaic / Diesel / Energy Storage Hybrid Energy Conversion System
Authors: Elgammal Adel , Ramlal Tagore
Published: August 2021

An adaptive approach for optimal tuning of a SMC for an automated voltage regulator system is displayed in this study. The approach is centered on hybrid of the GA and MOPSA. In addition, unique objective functions for the controller's parameter optimization are suggested. The performance of the resulting perfect sliding mode controller is confirmed by comparing it to controllers adjusted using various techniques that have been published in the literature. The simulation outcomes indicate that controllers tuned with the projected MOPSO and GA algorithms outperform controllers tuned with existing methods. In addition, a comparison study is performed to select the best controller for use in AVR systems. The suggested algorithm's major benefit is a considerable boost in convergence speed. With step changes and step load modifications in input wind power, the system model with built-in intelligent controller is generated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The benefits of the recommended intelligent control algorithm are confirmed by comparing the outcomes of the sliding mode controller and the projected MOPSO self-tuned controller. The findings show that the hybrid Wind/PV system's reactive power adjustment capabilities. When used in conjunction with BES, it is extremely successful in optimising the voltage profile although providing active energy to local load.
Designs, Experiments, and Applications of Multichannel Structures for Hearing Aids
Authors: Zhang Xubao
Published: August 2021

The structures of common multichannel processing for hearing aids include equal bandwidth (BW) finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank, nonuniform BW FIR filter bank, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) plus inverse FFT (IFFT). This paper analyzes their operation principles, indicates the design methods by means of MATLAB R2018b resources, and describes the main characteristics: synthetical ripple, bank filters’ group delays, and individual filter sidelobe attenuation. Three schemes are proposed: equal BW sixteen-filter bank, logarithmic BW eight-filter bank, and 128-point FFT plus IFFT with overlap-add operation. To build the experimental modules, we introduce the settings of spectrum scopes, the acquirement of realistic speech and noises, and the gain enhancing/reducing needs of hearing aid features; the characteristics of synthetical outputs confirm precise control ability of the multichannel modules and differences between the three schemes. Subsequently, this paper illustrates two applications of the multichannel structures in hearing aids, the equal BW sixteen-filter bank with spectral subtraction (SS) for an artificial intelligence (AI) noise reduction (NR) and 128-point FFT plus IFFT spectral distortion removal for a directional microphone (DM). In Amy’s speech mixed with ringing, milk steamer, and strong wind noises separately, the SS processor improves signal-noise-ratio (SNR) by 6.5 to 15.9 dB. By measuring waveforms and spectra at the DM input and output, the DM system seamlessly removes the spectral distortion.
Obstacles to Education of the Children of Refugees and IDP: Lessons and Policy Options from the European Union’s ‘Education for Life’ Project in Uganda and South Sudan
Authors: Nwokeocha Steve
Published: August 2021

The study documented the obstacles to the education of the children of refugees and internally displaced people (IDP), especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy options. While it reviewed the global situation, it substantially reported the experiences of the European Union’s Education for Life Project which provided Accelerated Education Programme (AEP) for the children of refugees and IDP in Uganda and South Sudan. It gathered data from three keys sources: UNHCR and related literature; reports of the Education for Life Project; and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with key officials of the Project. It revealed the existence of 79.5 million people displaced world-wide (which include 26 million refugees and 45.7 million IDPs). About 7.1 million children of the refugees and IDP are of schooling age with only 3.4 million accessing education. Relying on the United Nations [1] Resilience Framework, the study recommended policies to ensure that the learners, teachers, and education system have the capacity to withstand the COVID-19 pandemic and future emergencies.
Can “Debate” Transform Teaching and Learning in Higher Education?
Authors: Argyropoulou Eleftheria
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine post-graduate students’ perceptions, feelings, attitudes, and evaluation comments of a debate process they experienced in an Educational Policy, Management and Leadership module during their M.A.(Ed.) studies at a well-known Greek university. Furthermore, it aspires to share the perspective of broadening the teaching methodology in Higher Education using level-appropriate and widely appreciated teaching tools. The study was based on a qualitative design. Findings indicated the benefits gained through the learner-centered structured debate approach emphasized on the development of students’ critical, analytical, and communicational skills and stressed their gradual transformation of attitudes. Respondents also stressed active learning and self-driven study, as opposed to the passive learning attained during lectures. Participants’ positive feelings constitute the vehicle to the formation and/or transformation of attitudes and the implications of these transformations for their personal and professional life.
Tracer Study of Teacher Education Graduates of the Eastern Visayas State University-Tanauan Campus, Philippines
Authors: Cornillez Jr. Eduardo Edu C. , Caminoc Sofio Rocky T. , Basas Belinda R. , Militante Jr. Benedicto T. , Paler Ramelito R.
Published: August 2021

The study's purpose was to examine the employment characteristics of teacher education graduates from the classes of 2013 to 2017. Specifically, to explore a graduate's perception of the extent of the relevance of their chosen program curriculum learning areas to employment, and the extent of the use of competencies and values they learned at university. A survey study design that is descriptive was utilized in the study with a random sample of 179 graduates identified as the primary study respondents. Based on the results, the majority of respondents were employed with permanent or regular employment status and worked locally within the region. Graduates' initial and current employment levels were professional, technical, or supervisory, and they were hired within 1 to 6 months of graduation. Salaries and benefits were the major factors in changing the first job careers of graduates. Moreover, graduates perceived the extent of the curriculum offered as relevant, and the general education and teaching practicum learning areas were found to be the most relevant areas that contribute the most to their employment. Communication, human relations, and self-assurance skills are the most useful workplace competencies and values. Students' university preparation has greatly aided their employment. Similar research may be undertaken in the future, which should include other school-related and employability variables not covered in the study.
Why Does Choice Matter?
Authors: Cabanias Juanito O.
Published: August 2021

This study focused on the course and school preference of select high school students, SY 2007-2008 and SY 2018-2019 and answered the following questions: What are the schools and courses preferred by the select high school students from the two batches under study? What are the possible reasons for choosing the school/s and the course/s? What are the factors affecting their decisions? What is the status of the De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute (DLSMHSI) in terms of the level of preference/choice of the respondents from the two batches?; and What is the status of the DLSMHSI in terms of its marketing /positioning / branding? This study involved 1,186 high school students from SY 2017-2018 and 954 senior high school students from SY 2018-2019. Data collected were treated using frequency count; relative frequency or percentage; and ranking. The study reveals that the High school students are indeed sure enough of the school and the course to take on the whole, their choice of course to pursue depends on its perceived applicability to their chosen career, on the other hand, their choice of school where to complete college education depends on who makes the decision in the family, academic program presentations provided by schools, the features, general image and record of a higher education institution. Finally, DLSMHSI is an institution acceptable to the respondents in terms of pursuing health sciences-related courses.
Effective Project Management and the Role of Quality Assurance throughout the Project Life Cycle
Authors: Fakhravar Hengameh , Ouabira Monier Madison
Published: August 2021

Quality is a fundamental requirement in effective project management. Effective project management entails a steady focus on quality management as well as achievement of all user requirements as defined during the requirements engineering phase of project implementation. Quality assurance must be executed throughout the project development cycle as a new normal in reducing errors and challenges during project development. Conducting quality assurance throughout the project development cycle has many benefits to both the project as well as the project development team. Understanding the research approach to use is critical in achieving high-quality findings in projects. There is a need to understand how to utilize deductive, inductive, and abductive research reasoning when conducting project implementation.
Potential Energy Production from Biogas Economically and Environmental Profitable. Case Study: Establishing a Batch Digester in “Fogi” Farm
Authors: Prifti Holta , Floqi Tania , Mico Mirel
Published: August 2021

Recently the use of biomass for biogas production is very limited in Albania. According to data acquistion from the study, the highest share in the entire structure of urban solid waste is that of organic waste 41-61.2%.

A large part of these waste are bio digestible and can used for production or utilized as potential substrate in anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, a renewable source of energy and environment friendly too.

Live stocks waste and especially cow manure farms are concerned in this study because there are a high number 11813 of them are spread all over Albania. In addition, the amount of cow manure exceeds 37,693.92 ton/year.

In this case study is presented a cow farm located near Tirana, capital city of Albania with 200 cow heads which in the future will become 700 cow heads. The total amount of cow manure produced in this farm is 1825 ton/year, a considerable quantity of manure available for biogas production.

This paper presents the type of digester, calculation of the biogas production yield, the optained energy, the pay back period of the initial investment and the net present value of this farm batcher digestor.
Development and Application of Probabilistic Performance Index for Ranking N-1 Contingencies
Authors: Musa Saidu Y. , Madaki Monday A. , Haruna Jinkai
Published: August 2021

Contingency analysis and ranking are important tasks in modern electrical power systems which aim at keeping the power system secure, reliable, and stable. N-1 contingency is the loss of any one component of power system and is obviously the most frequent contingency in power system. Contingency ranking has most often been done using deterministic indices which can be either active power performance index (PIP), voltage performance index (PIV) or the overall performance index (PI). Power system contingencies are ranked based on the calculated Performance index for each contingency. Ranking is from the contingency with the highest performance index first and proceeds in a descending manner which corresponds to the most severe to the least severe contingency. Due to the fact that Contingencies are unpredictable events, researchers of recent have suggested the inclusion of the probability of the occurrence of a contingency in its ranking index. This makes the index probabilistic. In this work, the development and application of probabilistic performance index for ranking N-1 contingencies is considered. It is illustrated with a case study.
Development of Greenhouse with Root Dipping Technique Hydroponics Structure to Test the Performance of Jute Mallow
Authors: Olubanjo Obafemi O. , Adaramola Oluwafemi D. , Alade Adebolu E.
Published: August 2021

An agriculture system known as hydroponic is a modern-day agricultural practice. Since it does not require soil for crops to grow, it is therefore referring to as soilless farming. It is a good alternative for producing healthy crops and vegetables, free from soil-borne pathogens as it is not growing on soil. Does every crop perform well on hydroponic systems? To know this answer, we carried out this experiment to test the performance of jute mallow in a newly developed greenhouse and root dipping hydroponic systems developed at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering experimental farm at Oba-nla, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. To compare its growth, we planted them on raised soil beds even though plants perform better on raised soil beds above on the ground soil. To compare the growth parameter of all plants we collected data of plant height, stem girth, and leaf number. We also measured the yield for each crop at the end of the experiment. The crops performed well on root dipping hydroponic systems than conventional planting systems (soil). The results showed that the root dipping system for jute mallow gave the highest plant height (19.79 cm), the number of leaves (30.93), and stem girth (0.4450 cm) while the soil conventional farming system for this vegetable gave the lowest plant height (17.99 cm,), the number of leaves (27.96) and stem girth (0.4159 cm) respectively. Higher yields were also recorded from the root dipping system for vegetables while conventional farming had the least yield. The root dipping system for this vegetable recorded significantly higher fruit weight (133.52 kg) fresh weight of stem (195.29 kg) and fresh weight of root (79.34 kg) respectively while conventional farming had the least fruit weight (121.81 kg), fresh weight of stem (177.12 kg) and fresh weight of root (72.32 kg) respectively. The different treatment applied affects the physiological appearance and the yields of the crops significantly (p<0.05) couple with its physicochemical features. The fruits and vegetables' mineral and proximate composition were within the recommended range by World Health Organization (WHO) but were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the effects of the treatment as a result of its physicochemical features. From the result of this investigation, it, therefore, suggested that soilless agriculture should be practiced and invested in by farmers and entrepreneurs most especially in environments where there is no availability of arable land.
Development of Soy Milk Based Functional Fruit Yogurt Fortified with Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Ahmed Md. Wadud , Rahman Md. Sharifur
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and obesity are the most increasing world health challenge in recent days. To prevent these health problems, food researchers are intensively focusing to replace animal fat by healthy vegetable item with incorporation of different bioactive compounds. This study was conducted to develop a novel yogurt using different ratio of soy and cow milk. Blueberry pulp, extra virgin olive oil and stevia were used in the bottom portion to enhance functionality of the developed yogurt against CVD. All developed yogurt samples were analyzed for taste, texture and overall acceptability. Sensory analysis showed that, the yogurt developed from 75% soy milk and 25% cow milk had the highest overall acceptability.
Value Chain Analysis of Chilgoza Pine Nut at Southeastern Region of Afghanistan
Authors: Rahman Noorullah , Salari Hedayatullah , Wiar Abdulrashid
Published: August 2021

Chilgoza pine forests offer a significant source of income for owners especially for smallholder farmers in southeastern Afghanistan. In 2019/2020 season, on the basis of kernel, from total global production of the pine nuts (17220 MT), only 9% (1500 MT) was produced in Afghanistan. Southeastern region of the country (Paktia, Paktika and Khost provinces) is a known and rich region of the pine nut where roughly 86% (37,785 hectare) of total forest lands exist and approximately 120600 families take directly advantage from Chilgoza products with 250-360 million US dollars income per year. Therefore, this study was conducted at southeastern region of Afghanistan during 2019-2020 to investigate the entire value chain of chilgoza pine, analyze production capacities and identify main producers and traders. This study was based on interviews, questionnaires, direct observation, and literature reviews. Analysis of community level surveys revealed if the current unsustainable value chain practices not altered will result in continued decline of existing chilgoza forest stands, will lags significantly behind its major global competitors in international market and will lose chilgoza (Black Gold) concept opportunity. The findings of the current study revealed that for better handling of chilgoza pine nut, the forest regeneration and entire value chain program will be effective resolution. Establishing modern chilgoza pine nut processing factories in remote areas needed to be balanced with road conditions, water and electricity are vital requisite and urgent need.
Duck Farming in Coastal Area: Assessing Nutritional Status and Its Contribution to Egg Production
Authors: Paly Muhammad Basir
Published: August 2021

The nutritional status of laying ducks is the balance between the supply of nutrients from the feedstuff consumed with the nutritional needs for maintenance and egg production. Therefore, the nutritional status can be measured through the level of egg production. This study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of laying ducks cultivated in coastal areas and its contribution to egg production. Using a survey method with a Dietary Assessment Approach onto 200 flocks of ducks and their breeders as a sample. Every week for 6 consecutive weeks, the farmers were interviewed about the amount and type of feed stuff that was given to their ducks. Sampling from each feedstuff was carried out to be analyzed in the laboratory for its nutritional content. The results of the analysis were used to calculate the amount and nutritional components consumed by the ducks, then compared with the nutritional requirements of laying ducks according to the Indonesian National Standard (INS). Nutritional status is considered Sufficient Status (SS) if the consumption of ducks from each nutritional component is the same as INS, and Insufficient Status (IS) if < INS. Daily egg production was recorded. To determine the contribution of nutritional status to egg production, the data were analyzed by regression. The results showed that 58.50% of samples were in SS and 41.50% IS. The regression results showed that the contribution of SS to egg production was 72.132% higher than the contribution of IS which was 49.91%. The IS ration contains a high rice brand while the portion of anchovies and abandoned fish is relatively low. The study concluded that the level of egg production was determined by nutritional status, increasing the nutritional status from IS to SS can be done by reducing the portion of bran and increasing the portion of anchovies and fish waste in ration.
A Simple Integration Order Test: An Alternative to Unit Root Testing
Authors: Amaefula C. G.
Published: August 2021

The paper introduces order of integration test (OIT) which serves as a simple alternative to unit root test built generally using auxiliary autoregressive AAR(3) model. The parametric boundary conditions necessary and sufficient for testing the null hypothesis that the non-stationary variable under test is integrated order zero I(0) were estimated via generalized least squares (GLS). The decision on the hypothesis is evaluated using t-statistic. The test procedure was applied to a simulated non-stationary series (y1) of sample size n = 2000 and a known non-stationary time series data (y2) with two unit roots. The results showed that y1 is integrated order one (I(1)) and y2 is I(2). These results were confirmed by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF); Phillips-Perron (PP); Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (KPSS); Elliot, Rothenberg, and Stock Point Optimal (ERS) and Ng and Perron (NP) unit root tests. For logarithm transformed variable, the divergent opinions of other unit root tests in clear-cut solution of the integrated order of such variable makes the new test procedure a better alternative. Nevertheless, the simplicity and aptness of the integration order test give it leverage over conventional methods of unit root test.
Intestinal Parasites Infestation among People Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Therapy in Peri-urban Area of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Taheu Christian Ngounouh , Meliedje Christelle Diane Tchumtchoua , Bong Gilbert Gauthier Bong , Ngo Likeng Julienne Louise , Ghomsi Fabrice Mbakop , Nkoth Abel Fils , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon , Fokam Joseph
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets the body's defense system and leads to a decrease in CD4 T-cells in lymphoid tissues associated with intestinal mucosa, leading to an imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was performed to determine the intestinal parasites infestation among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in peri-urban area in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Methods: A retro-prospective, prospective, and descriptive study was carried out from January-March 2017 to the Care Unit of the Nkolondom II Catholic Medical Center in Yaoundé on 96 PLHIV after providing informed consent. On each stool sample collected, intestinal parasites testing was performed by using direct examination with physiological saline and Lugol's iodine, Ritchie's technique (formol/ether, 10%) and by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 17 software, with all P <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 52.08% (50/96) were infested with various parasites: Cryptosporidium parvum (72.88%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (10.17%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.47%), Entamoeba coli (5.08%), Ascaris lumbricoїdes (1.70%) and Giardia lamblia (1.70%). Parasite’s prevalence was more observed in women (74.00%; 37/50) compared with men (26.00% [13/50]). Depending on immunity, immuno-compromised patients (CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm3) were more infested (82.00%; 41/50) versus (vs) 18.00% (9/50), OR: 1.60 (95%CI: 0.60-4.60).

Conclusion: Intestinal parasites infestation is reported to be high among people under ART in Cameroon's Yaoundé locality, with Cryptosporidium parvum being the predominant circulating species in this locality.
From the 3D Constructions of Gell-Mann’s 1960 to the Higgs Field Constructions with Data of all Elementary Particles
Authors: Scheuber Hermann Josef
Published: August 2021

In 1960 Gell-Mann completed the “Particle Zoo” with pseudo 3D constructions: a Spin-Strangeness plane and an oblique incident charge. In this way he investigated with the crossing Kaon connections (1/2 Spin, -1, 0, 1 Strangeness, -1, 0, 1 Charge) 3 quark-points with simple proper fractions. With the new media the construction can be better detected with a perpendicular charge axis as could be done with the GeoGebra 5 program. But 1960 the Quantum Mechanics didn’t want the Strangeness and prevented a construction for everyman. Only experts were mathematically according to Lagrange allowed to get an idea about the real matter. But according to the Euclid Geometry 3 points lay on a circle line; if twice, then with 6 exact Quark points all other known requirements of the particle physics can be done by construction.
The Rise of Nazism and Militarism
Authors: Yang Anping
Published: August 2021

The essay discusses the rise of Nazism and Militarism during interwar Germany and Japan. It compares the similarities and differences that existed in the social, economic, and political environment of the two countries. The essay approaches the topic by analyzing the cause and effect of economic depression, social upheaval, and unique political propaganda. The paper intends to provide information about circumstances when extremism revives, and thus to avoid similar conditions in the future.
Effects of Negative Societal Reaction to Alcoholism on Alcoholics’ Participation in Development Project in Nyahururu Sub County, Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Ndirangu Gakunga , Mwangi Wokabi , Murenga Hadijah
Published: August 2021

Many societies across the globe have been using alcohol for religious, social, cultural, and recreational purposes for ages. Over the period, societies have come to recognize the negative outcomes of alcohol misuse to individual users, their families, and the society in general. Different societies therefore adopted various ways of controlling alcohol misuse, mainly guided by a society’s cultural and social norms. Norms related to alcohol use and misuse therefore plays an important role in determining how a specific society reacts to alcohol use and abuse. Negative societal reaction to alcoholism and alcoholics influences levels of alcoholics’ interaction with other members of the society as well as their access to information on development projects in their localities. Alcoholics’ reaction on societal sanctions related to alcoholism and alcoholics determines as well determines their level of marginalization. Level of alcoholics’ social interaction and access to information, influences their participation in development project. This article explores effects of negative societal reaction to alcoholism on alcoholics’ participation in development projects in Nyahururu Sub County, Kenya. It outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study with a view of creating awareness on identified effects and recommends ways of minimizing alcoholics’ marginalization in development projects.
Effect of Jihadist Terrorism on the Link Between Entitativisation and Anti-Muslim Attitudes and Behaviors in Cameroon
Authors: Messanga Gustave Adolphe , Lontio Sylvestre Nzeuta
Published: August 2021

Cameroon is facing violent Islamist extremism. The literature reports that there is no link between jihadist terrorism and islamophobia. This study questions this observation by assessing the effect of jihadist terrorism on the link between entitativisation and anti-muslim attitudes and behaviors. First, it proposes that entitativisation of Muslims has weak links with anti-muslim attitudes and behaviors. It then postulates that there is a strong link between these attitudes and behaviors. To test these hypotheses, a survey is conducted among 147 students from the University of Dschang (89 men and 58 women). They are non-muslims of Cameroonian nationality, aged between 17 and 52 years. The data collected provide empirical support for the hypotheses of the study. It is concluded that jihadist terrorism has an impact on the link between entitativisation and anti-muslim attitudes and behaviors.
Revealing the Secret of the Kingdom of Heaven in the Gospel of Matthew Chapter 13
Authors: Daliman Muner , Suparti Hana
Published: August 2021

The God of biblical revelation is present everywhere in the Gospel according to Matthew, but often in a self-effacing way, receding behind Jesus, Emmanuel, God-with-us. God's presence is veiled by divine passives, hidden behind the reverent circumlocution “heavens.” The parable of the Kingdom of Heaven and the Kingdom of God is widely stated in our Gospel of Matthew. Many scholars claim that the Gospel of Matthew reveals more about Jesus as a powerful King.
Legislative regulation of powers of local government bodies in the field of environmental protection
Authors: Slivka M.M. , Lesko N.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of legislative regulation of the powers of local governments in the field of environmental protection and the development of proposals for their improvement.

It is noted that local governments occupy an separate and independent place in the mechanism of public administration, which indicates their special administrative and legal status.

It is emphasized that local self-government bodies should be endowed with a sufficient amount of powers that would allow them to protect the interests of the administrative-territorial community in the field of environmental protection as effectively as possible.

It is stated that the Constitution as the Basic Law of the state, taking into account the global importance of the issue of environmental protection should clearly and without any ambiguity in interpretation contain an article according to which local governments will be empowered to exercise primary control over environmental protection. natural environment at the local level and bringing perpetrators to justice.

It is proposed to supplement Article 15 of the Law of Ukraine «On Environmental Protection», which defines the powers of local councils in the field of environmental protection, paragraph «й» of the following content: "decide to bring to administrative responsibility those guilty of violating legislation in the field of environmental protection environment of individuals and / or legal entities ".

It is highlighted that based on the analysis of Part 4 of Art. 42 of the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine», village, town, city mayor have a wide range of powers, but among these powers there are no ones that would give them the right to monitor compliance with environmental legislation in the region and bring perpetrators to justice.

It is emphasized that local governments are given broad powers in terms of controling the activities of economic entities and they should be included as a subject of a lawsuit in accordance with Art. 16 of the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Impact Assessment" in case of violations in the field of environmental impact assessment.
Transfer of ownership on the basis of a sales agreement: some legal nuances
Authors: Gudima M.M.
Published: August 2021

The publication is devoted to the analysis of some legal nuances of the transfer of ownership under a sales contract. First, the article describes the general characteristics of contracts aimed at the transfer of ownership and determines the place of a sales contract in their system. It is further established that the moment of transfer of ownership on the basis of a sales contract is not always tied to the time of the contract conclusion.

Some special norms on the transfer of ownership, which are contained in the general provisions on purchase and sale, are analyzed and their limitations and superficiality are revealed. The absence of special legal regulation stipulated an appeal to the General Part of the Civil Code of Ukraine, where the general rule enshrines the practice of recognizing the moment of acquisition of ownership at the time of transfer for all contracts. Therefore, the paper further analyzes the requirement that the seller’s obligation to transfer the thing is considered fulfilled, which raised doubts about the success of the legislator to give such importance to the transfer while investing only one-sided meaning. Since the position is expressed and substantiated that the transfer of ownership cannot occur at the time of transfer of the goods by the seller, but in case of non-acceptance by the buyer. An important argument in favor of the latter thesis is the legislator’s diverge of the provisions on the transfer of ownership and the transfer of the risk of accidental destruction or accidental damage to goods in certain rules, correctly assuming the possibility of mismatch of the above moments.

The publication emphasizes that even taking into account the moment of acceptance of the goods by the buyer when determining the moment of transfer of ownership is not always able to solve practical problems that may arise during the transfer of ownership under a sales contract, therefore, a conclusion is formulated on the need to revise the general legislative approach to determining the moment of transfer of ownership and its binding not to a unilateral act (transfer of the thing), but to the moment of action by the other party to the contract aimed at its goal achieving. Given that a sales contract is paid, it is determined that the moment of transfer of ownership should be considered the moment of receipt of counter-satisfaction by the counterparty under the contract (the buyer’s payment of the price for the purchased thing).
The concept and essence of a legal conflict in the field of medical activity
Authors: Zaborovsky V.V. , Nechiporuk L.D. , Horvat T.D.
Published: August 2021

This research is devoted to the disclosure of problematic issues related to the study of the legal nature of legal conflicts between subjects of medical legal relations, primarily to prevent the emergence of conflict situations, or to mitigate their consequences and suppress.Within the framework of this article, a theoretical and applied research was carried out to clarify the essence of the concept of «legal conflict», including in the context of medical activities, as well as the essence of such conflict situations and their specific features were analyzed. The position is argued according to which the occurrence of a legal conflict in the aspect of carrying out medical activities is the basis for protecting the rights of participants in medical legal relations, taking into account, first of all, that medical activity is inextricably linked with a sufficiently large number of potential grounds for patients to be dissatisfied with the provision of medical care, despite for continuous improvement of both the treatment method and the use of the latest treatment methods.To achieve this goal, the author applied methods characteristic of legal science. The study was carried out using the dialectical method of cognition of legal reality, provided an opportunity to analyze the essence of legal conflicts in the field of medical activity, while the use of the systemic-structural method made it possible to determine the general structure of the work, which contributed to the proper disclosure of the research objectives.Based on the study, the author comes to the conclusion that a legal conflict in the aspect of carrying out medical activities is a dynamic process, the existence of which implies the need to study the prerequisites for its occurrence, the essence of the conflict situation itself and the content of such a conflict, in order to prevent the possibility of their occurrence or mitigate their possible negative consequences.
Legal nature of the ivsc international standards
Authors: Shapoval T.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is focused on legal nature of International Valuation Standards Committee (renamed to International Valuation Standards Council in 2008) and implementation of its valuation standards by states and international organizations. The paper concentrates on legal gaps regarding the application aspects of property value calculations in international law. Treaties do not provide substantial determinacy, include no instruction or the appropriate methodology on numerous calculation issues and typically set forth only basic standard of valuation such as standard of fair market value of property for the calculation of compensation. It shows that lack of standards for determining awards of compensation creates a source of uncertainty for protection in international public law. The issue discusses a framework where international valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations are given legal weight and serve as guidelines for the calculation of awards. After establishing the legal basis for an award, tribunals use their impression of valuation best practices as well as discretion to conduct the analysis. The result depends on the assumptions and philosophy of the adjudicating tribunal. It is emphasized that international arbitration practice in measures of compensation should be based on principles of fairness and reasonableness.

Part of the issue is based on Directive of European Union with provisions that valuation standards of states should take into account internationally recognised valuation standards, in particular those developed by the International Valuation Standards Committee, the European Group of Valuers’ Associations or the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Member states of  European Union admitted valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations as reliable standards for the credit purposes after the financial crisis, which has shown that irresponsible behaviour by market participants can undermine the foundations of the financial system leading to potentially severe social and economic consequences.