bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Northern Winter Stratospheric El Niño–Southern Oscillation Teleconnection by the PDO
Authors: Rao Jian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Ren Rongcai
Published: June 2019

Using the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble (MME) historical experiments, the modulation of the stratospheric El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection by the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is investigated in this study. El Niño (La Niña) significantly impacts the extratropical stratosphere mainly during the positive (negative) PDO in the MME. Although the composite tropical ENSO SST intensities are similar during the positive and negative PDO in models, the Pacific–North American (PNA) responses are only significant when the PDO and ENSO are in phase. The local SST anomalies in the North Pacific can constructively (destructively) interfere with the tropical ENSO forcing to influence the extratropical eddy height anomalies when the PDO and ENSO are in (out of) phase. The difference between the positive and negative PDO in El Niño or La Niña winters filters out the tropical SST forcing, permitting the deduction of the extratropical SST contribution to the atmospheric response. The composite shows that the cold (warm) SST anomalies in the central North Pacific associated with the positive (negative) PDO have a similar impact to that of the warm (cold) SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific, exhibiting a positive (negative) PNA-like response, enhancing (weakening) the upward propagation of waves over the western coast of North America. The composite difference between the positive and negative PDO in El Niño or La Niña winters, as well as in eastern Pacific ENSO or central Pacific ENSO winters, presents a highly consistent atmospheric response pattern, which may imply a linear interference of the PDO’s impact with ENSO’s.
Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy with Charge-Shifting Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Lock-In Detection
Authors: Sowoidnich Kay , Towrie Michael , Maiwald Martin , Sumpf Bernd , Matousek Pavel
Published: June 2019

Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) can provide effective, chemically specific information on fluorescent samples. However, the restricted ability for fast alternating detection (usually < 10 Hz) of spectra excited at two shifted laser wavelengths can limit its effectiveness when rapidly varying emission backgrounds are present. This paper presents a novel charge-shifting lock-in approach permitting fast SERDS operation (exemplarily demonstrated at 1000 Hz) using a specialized dual-wavelength diode laser (emitting at 829.40 nm and 828.85 nm) and a custom-built charge-coupled device (CCD) enabling charge retention and shifting back and forth on the CCD chip. For six selected mineral samples (moved irregularly during spectral acquisition), results demonstrate superior reproducibility of the fast charge-shifting read-out over the conventional read-out (operated at 5.4 Hz). Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed improved classification performance of charge-shifting (four latent variables, sensitivity: 99%, specificity: 94%) versus conventional read-out (six latent variables, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 92%). The charge-shifting concept was also successfully translated to sub-surface analysis using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). Charge-shifting SERDS-SORS spectra recorded from a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, concealed behind a 0.25 mm thick, opaque, heterogeneous layer, matched reference spectra much more closely and exhibited a signal-to-background-noise (S/NB) ratio two times higher than that achieved with conventional CCD read-out SERDS-SORS. The novel approach overcomes fundamental limitations of conventional CCDs. In conjunction with the inherent capability of the charge-shifting lock-in technique to suppress rapidly varying ambient light interference demonstrated by us earlier it is expected to be particularly beneficial with heterogeneous fluorescent samples in field applications.
Raman Spectroscopic and Chemometric Investigation of Lipid–Protein Ratio Contents of Soybean Mutants
Authors: Ogruc Ildiz Gulce , Celik Ozge , Atak Cimen , Yilmaz Ayberk , Kabuk Hayrunnisa Nur , Kaygisiz Ersin , Ayan Alp , Meric Sinan , Fausto Rui
Published: June 2019

Seeds belonging to fourth generation mutants (M4) of Ataem-7 cultivar (A7) variety and S04-05 (S) breeding line salt-tolerant soybeans were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, complemented by chemometrics methods, in order to evaluate changes induced by mutations in the relative lipid–protein contents, and to find fast, efficient strategies for discrimination of the mutants and the control groups based on their Raman spectra. It was concluded that gamma irradiation caused an increase in the lipid to protein ratio of the studied Ataem-7 variety mutants, while it led to a decrease of this ratio in the investigated S04-05 breeding line mutants. These results were found to be in agreement with data obtained by reflectance spectrum analysis of the seeds in the full ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral region and suggest the possibility of developing strategies where gamma irradiation can be used as a tool to improve mutant soybean plants targeted to different applications, either enriched in proteins or in lipids. Ward's clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination between mutants and controls and, in the case of the studied S-type species, discrimination between the different mutants. The grouping scheme is also found to be in agreement with the compositional information extracted from the analysis of the lipid–protein contents of the different samples.
Rheo-Optical Near-Infrared (NIR) Characterization of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Polypropylene (PPOH)-Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites Using Two-Trace Two-Dimensional (2T2D) Correlation Analysis
Authors: Watanabe Ryota , Hagihara Hideaki , Sato Hiroaki , Mizukado Junji , Shinzawa Hideyuki
Published: June 2019

A rheo-optical characterization technique based on the combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and mechanical analysis was applied to the nanocomposite consisting of hydroxyl-functionalized polypropylene (PPOH) and mesoporous silica (MPS) to probe the deformation behavior. Substantial levels of spectral changes of NIR spectral features were captured when the polymer samples underwent tensile deformation. Sets of spectra were subjected to projection treatment to remove the effect of baseline fluctuations and thickness change inevitably caused by the tensile deformation of the sample. Then, two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation spectroscopy was applied to the pretreated spectra to elucidate spectroscopic signature associated with the difference between the initial and deformed samples. An asynchronous correlation peak appears between the bands at 1720 and 1700 nm respectively reflecting the contributions of predominantly amorphous and crystalline component of the PPOH, indicating the predominant variation of amorphous structure followed by that of crystalline structure. In addition, the predominant spectral change related to the amorphous band becomes even more acute by including the MPS with large pores. It is hence likely that the larger pore size of the MPS confines the more amorphous structure, which, in turn, causes simultaneous reorientation of the polymer chains in the amorphous region during the elastic deformation. Consequently, the incorporation of the MPS selectively restricts the deformation of the amorphous structure which eventually provides the obvious increase in the mechanical property of the PPOH polymer.
Identifying Ancient Ceramics Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with a Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: He Jiao , Liu Yongbin , Pan Congyuan , Du Xuewei
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the rapid identification of ceramics via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to realize the identification of ancient ceramics from different regions. Ceramics from different regions may have large differences in their elemental composition. Thus, using LIBS technology for ceramic identification is feasible. The spectral intensities of 11 common elements, namely, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, Mn, Na, K, Sr, and Ba, in ceramics were selected as classification indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) combined with the back propagation (BP) neural network were used to identify ceramics. Furthermore, the effects of the PCA and KPCA data processing methods were compared. Finally, this work aimed to select a suitable method for obtaining spectral data on ceramics identified by LIBS through experiments. Results revealed that LIBS technology could aid the routine, rapid, and on-site analysis of archeological objects to rapidly identify or screen various types of objects.
Framing Local Attitudes to a Modern Health Intervention in the Neoliberal Order – Culturalism and Malaria Control in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu Chidi
Published: June 2019

Interventionists usually blame cultural factors and traditional attitudes for non-compliance of target populations, a framework Didier Fassin terms as culturalism. Despite their efforts, what the Roll Back Malaria employees find in southeastern Nigeria is a ‘troubling’ nonchalance towards the programme because target populations’ perceptions of malaria differ from the donor/programme perspective. The RBM employees cast the local attitude as culturalism, accordingly framing their exhortations in terms of this discourse. How the Roll Back Malaria employees deployed culturalism to fit with the neoliberal individualizing framework of current international health practices is one more nuanced analytical perspective the article brings to intervention literature.
Mutuality and the study of suicide: Psychological notions on military suicides in Israeli courts
Authors: Rothem Nitzan , Ben-Ari Eyal
Published: June 2019

This article addresses the complementary work of psychological notions and courts in handling suicides occurring in the course of military service. We suggest the category of mutuality between individuals and social settings as an analytic perspective for the study of suicide, illuminating not only how suicide is constructed, but also theorizing the effects of this construction. Our findings rest on content analysis of 34 verdicts on cases of suicide occurring within the Israeli military. In these verdicts, mostly issued to resolve disputes between bereaved parents and state authorities, Israeli courts decided on the causes of death and the responsibilities of the military and state for soldiers’ suicides. Courts base their decisions on the ambiguous psychological concept of suicidal individuals, explaining self-demise as the result of an internal malaise and avoid addressing the coercive circumstances within which Israeli soldiers operate. By conclusively linking self-demise to suicidality, courts produce an idea of death-seeking soldiers, who fail to ensure their own well-being as well as to defend the common good. Courts render the difficulties encountered during military service mental and personal, thereby contracting, standardizing, and individualizing the idea of mutuality between soldiers, families, and state. To explain these repercussions of juridification and psychologization processes, we draw attention to Durkheim’s conceptualization of contractual obligations and non-contractual sentiments. We elaborate on the Durkheimian connection between solidarity and suicide, by highlighting the outcomes of their interrelated management, especially the courts’ shaping of thin mutuality when arbitrating suicide disputes. Adopting psychological reasoning and assessing personal responsibility, courts potentially fail in their constitutive role of discussing matters of collective concerns.
From compassion to critical resilience: Volunteering in the context of austerity
Authors: Monforte Pierre
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the political dimension of volunteering in the context of austerity. It explores how the economic recession and the austerity measures taken by governments in the UK in recent years affect how volunteers define their engagement and whether they relate it to more political forms of collective action such as protest. The article analyses the narratives and life trajectories of volunteers active in five charities in the field of poverty alleviation in Leicester. It shows how the context of growing inequalities and austerity leads these actors to construct hybrid – ‘in-between’ – forms of engagement in which compassionate action is mixed with social and critical resilience based on collective empowerment processes. Furthermore, it shows that participants’ narratives about their own engagement are also ambivalent: they are based on a criticism of the disempowering consequences of austerity, but they sometimes tend to reproduce dominant discourses that blame the poor for their suffering. It argues that these ambivalences are inherent to narratives based on empowerment processes. The article concludes by suggesting how the focus on these ‘in-between’ forms of engagement – and their ambivalences – can reveal some of the changing features of collective action in contemporary societies.
Ancient and current resilience in the Chengdu Plain: Agropolitan development re-‘revisited’
Authors: Abramson Daniel B
Published: June 2019

The Dujiangyan irrigation system, China’s largest, is one of the world’s most important examples of sustainable agropolitan development, maintained by a relatively decentralised system of governance that minimises bureaucratic oversight and depends on significant local autonomy at many scales down to the household. At its historic core in the Chengdu Plain, the system has supported over 2000 years of near-continuously stable urban culture, as well as some of the world’s highest sustained long-term per-hectare productivity and diversity of grain and other crops, especially considering its high population density, forest cover, general biodiversity and flood management success. During the past decade, rapid urban expansion has turned the Chengdu Plain from a net grain exporter into a grain importer, and has radically transformed its productive functioning and distinctive scattered settlement pattern, reorganising much of the landscape into larger, corporately-managed farms, and more concentrated and infrastructure-intensive settlements of non-farming as well as farming households. Community-scale case studies of spatial-morphological and household socio-economic variants on the regional trend help to articulate what is at stake. Neither market-driven ‘laissez-faire’ rural development nor local state-driven spatial settlement consolidation and corporatisation of production seem to correlate well with important factors of resilience: landscape heterogeneity; crop diversity and food production; permaculture; and flexibility in household independence and choice of livelihood. Management of the irrigation system should be linked to community-based agricultural landscape preservation and productive dwelling, as sources of adaptive capacity crucial to the social-ecological resilience of the city-region, the nation and perhaps all humanity.
Alternative paths to refugee and asylum seeker protection in Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Prabandari Atin , Adiputera Yunizar
Published: June 2019

This article explores how refugees in non-signatory countries in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, have some protection through alternative paths under international refugee law. These two countries provide forms of protection even if they are not States Parties to the Refugee Convention. These two case studies show that the governance of protection for refugee and asylum seekers is provided through alternative paths, even in the absence of international law and statist processes. These alternative paths offer a degree of meaningful protection, even if this is not tantamount to resettlement. Alternative paths of protection are initiated mainly by non-state actors. The states try to manage alternative protective governance to secure their interests by maintaining their sovereignty, on the one hand, and performing humanitarian duties on the other. In this regard, Indonesia and Malaysia have resorted to meta-governance to balance these two concerns.
3D optimal defensive guidance strategy with safe distance
Authors: Fang Feng , Cai Yuanli , Jabbari Faryar
Published: June 2019

This work investigates the active defense problem wherein a target aircraft launches a defending missile (i.e. a defender) to intercept an attacking missile in three-dimensional (3D) space. The novelty of this work includes: adding a safe distance for the target, which protects the target from being influenced by defensive interception, and designing a new 3D defensive guidance strategy without linearization to meet different guidance requirements. The defensive guidance strategy combines the approach of analyzing 3D pursuit-evasion engagement and the optimal control to obtain the guidance law. The approach derives the analytical solutions of 3D pursuit-evasion engagement, and a fast algorithm to predict the trajectory of attacking missile is proposed based on these analytical solutions. The advantages of this guidance strategy include incorporation of the added safe distance requirement directly without hindering the ability of the optimal guidance law to meet other requirements, and straight-forward extension for advanced scenarios where multi-defenders intercept the attacking missile simultaneously from different directions. The performance of the 3D defensive guidance law is evaluated via simulations.
Element concentration and enrichment patterns in Carboniferous coal from coal-burning endemic area, Yunnan province
Authors: Long Jie , Zhang Shixi , Luo Kunli
Published: June 2019

With the principal aim of understanding the element variations in Carboniferous coal from eastern Yunnan province of China, the concentration of 48 elements in 16 coal samples were determined. It was found that, (1) Se (0.76–5.13 mg/kg), Mo (0.29–46.71 mg/kg), As (0.96–25.38 mg/kg), Cr (3.89–1152 mg/kg), Li (2.92–109.00 mg/kg), and U (0.09–39.23 mg/kg) in the studied coal samples are 2–43 times more than those of the upper continental crust (UCC). (2) Arithmetic mean of Cr, Sc, Mo, As, Ga, U, V, and Cu are higher than those in China coals average, while Na, P, Al, Ti, Ba, Bi, Tl, and Sr are lower. The average content of Cr in the studied coals is 352 mg/kg, which is 22.49, 20.37, and 23.09 times higher than that of China coals average, World hard coals and USA coals average, respectively. (3) In terms of the correlation between element concentration and ash yield, all the elements were accordingly divided into five groups. In addition, three coal samples (No. KM50, KM64 and LM61) were found to have relatively high Cr concentration as 1055, 1072, and 1152, respectively. Analysis of these three coal samples shows an M-type REE enrichment pattern (UCC normalized), with positive Eu abnormlies of 2.96, 2.52, and 3.96, respectively. This pattern is similar to that in Carboniferous ophiolite and primitive mantle, suggesting that they may have the same source of matter. High Cr coal has a potential harmful impact on the environment and human beings during the coal combustion and utilization. Besides, Se and Mo are 2.12 and 8.65 mg/kg on average, respectively, which are 7.31 and 5.08 times more than those in Chinese soil average, thus Carboniferous coal with low Cr-As but high Se-Mo should be considered as potential fertilizer for local crops.
The Behavior of Child Behavior Ratings: Measurement Structure of the Child Behavior Checklist across Time, Informants, and Child Gender
Authors: Konold Timothy R. , Walthall Johanna C. , Pianta Robert C.
Published: June 2019

Standardized rating scales are the most often used part of the multidimensional assessment of children's behavior. However, low cross-informant correlations raise concerns about the reliability and validity of the resulting scores. This study examined whether the manner in which behavioral constructs are measured differs across informants, across time, and across child gender for the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 4–18 (CBCL/4–18) and the Teacher Response Form (TRF). Measurement models using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were examined for child behavior ratings obtained, for the same child, at 54 months and first grade from mothers, fathers, and teachers. Model contracts were also evaluated to determine whether the measurement of behavioral problems was different for boys and girls. This study involved approximately 700 children from the prospective, longitudinal database of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The general form and factor loadings of the CBCL 4–18 and TRF were invariant across mothers, fathers, and teachers and held regardless of the target child's gender. These results suggest that the low correlations between parent and teacher ratings of behavior problems appear more likely to result from differences in situation-specific behavior than from the manner in which they are measured.
A School-Based Examination of the Efficacy of Function-Based Intervention
Authors: Payne Linda Donica , Scott Terrance M. , Conroy Maureen
Published: June 2019

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) was developed and researched in clinical settings as an effective strategy to identify interventions that both manage inappropriate behavior and teach appropriate replacement behavior, but is it equally effective in school settings, which typically involve much less structure and much greater social complexity? This study investigated the efficiency and efficacy of function-based interventions as compared to traditional interventions that were not function-based. Interventions were compared across 4 students in a multitreatment single-subject design; results demonstrated clear and immediate decreases in problem behavior with the introduction of function-based interventions and similarly strong increases with each introduction of non-function-based intervention. These results add a more stringently controlled example in support of the efficacy of function-based intervention.
Supporting Middle School Students with Academic and Behavioral Concerns: A Methodological Illustration for Conducting Secondary Interventions within Three-Tiered Models of Support
Authors: Robertson E. Jemma , Lynne Lane Kathleen
Published: June 2019

This article provides a methodological illustration of how to conduct scientifically rigorous secondary interventions within the context of three-tiered models of support. Specifically, the authors demonstrate one approach for using schoolwide data to identify middle school students (N = 65) with both academic and behavioral concerns. Then, they describe how to conduct a group design treatment outcome study that compares two interventions (study skills [n = 34] versus study skills plus conflict resolution [n = 31]). Finally, they discuss features of this study that adhere to the core quality indicators recommended by Gersten et al. (2005) and provide recommendations for conducting scientifically rigorous secondary investigations within the context of three-tiered models of support.
Canadian School Programs for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders: An Updated Look
Authors: Dworet Don , Maich Kimberly
Published: June 2019

Canada is a country composed of 10 provinces and three territories with very limited federal control over the public K-12 education system. This lack of consistent direction has led to a range of diverse educational policies for educating students with emotional/behavioral disorders (E/ BD). This article investigates the current state of policies related to the education of students with E/ BD. A mail-out survey was submitted to provincial/territorial departments of education and directed to individuals responsible for E/BD programs, composed of questions regarding their government's policies and regulations concerning the education of students with E/BD. A 100% rate of return was achieved. This study found discrepancies across Canada in most areas surveyed, including differences in definitions, diagnosis, identification, prevalence, eligibility, placement, services, administration, funding, and teacher training. Trends toward noncategorization and inclusion exist. Conclusions include the need to balance an inclusive model with consistent identification and service provision, to consider the potential for difficulties in regular classroom placement, to provide population-specific teacher education, and a call for national consistency in the provision of effective identification and programs across Canada for students with E/BD.
The National Reading Panel Guidepost: A Review of Reading Outcome Measures for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Kostewicz Douglas E. , Kubina Richard M.
Published: June 2019

In 2000, the National Reading Panel compiled a definitive report of effective methods for reading instruction. As a population that generally demonstrates numerous problems with reading, students with emotional and behavioral disorders may benefit from the National Reading Panel's published findings. This review examined and compared the number and outcomes of published reading studies for students with emotional and behavioral disorders before and after the release of the panel's report. Results from the 21 studies meeting inclusion criteria indicated a fivefold increase in publication rate since 2000 and a shift from single to multiple reading measures as study outcomes. Additional results appear consistent with reading conclusions drawn by the National Reading Panel. This review also addresses future directions for researchers.
Integrating Research, Policy, and Practice to Bring Science to the Classroom: New Leaders’ Perspectives on the Field of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Maggin Daniel M. , Robertson Rachel , Oliver Regina M. , Hollo Alex , Partin Tara C. Moore
Published: June 2019

In 1991, the Peacock Hill Working Group provided the field of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) a roadmap for improving the quality of services provided to students with EBD. The working group considered issues at every level of the educational system, from the classroom to federal policy. Although many strides have been made in the past 20 years regarding the education and treatment of students with EBD, the gap has persisted between empirically validated practices and the classroom routines of teachers serving students from this population. In the authors’ view, the field of EBD would benefit greatly from conceptual and empirical developments to improve the mechanisms required to bring science to the classroom. Using the theoretical underpinnings of implementation science, the authors describe a transactional model for integrating research, policy, and practice to close the research-to-practice gap. Recommendations for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners are provided.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey in people with serious mental illness
Authors: Prat Gemma , Ribot Arantxa , Recoder Sílvia , Muñoz Francisco
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Facilitating engagement in meaningful activities is a key intervention in the recovery process of people with serious mental illness. This study validates the use of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey in the Spanish mental health population for the purposes of measuring such engagement.

Method

Two hundred and ninety-five people with serious mental illness (68.3% were male; M = 47.5, SD = 9.7 years) participated voluntarily and anonymously in the study. All gave written informed consent. A translation into Spanish and back-translation to English was made. Reliability and validity of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey was assessed by the internal consistency, temporal stability and dimensionality of the scale.

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey scale was 0.91 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.76. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of the scale (χ2 = 93.906, p < .001; comparative fit index = .96, Tucker–Lewis index = .95, root-mean-square error of approximation (90% confidence interval) = .05 (.03–.07) and standardized root mean square residual = .04). All the items showed significant standardized factor loadings above .59. Correlation between the two factors was .97 ( p < .001).

Conclusion

The instrument could be useful for assessing engagement in meaningful activities and helpful for recovery process interventions focused on enhancing community adjustment in people with serious mental illness.
Frontal Plane Loading Characteristics of Medial Collateral Ligament Strain Concurrent With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Failure
Authors: Schilaty Nathan D. , Bates Nathaniel A. , Krych Aaron J. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Both the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) bear load during athletic tasks of landing, cutting, pivoting, and twisting. As dynamic knee valgus is a purported mechanism for ACL injury, the MCL should bear significant strain load with valgus force.

Hypothesis:

The intact MCL will demonstrate a significant increase in strain upon failure of the ACL at 25° of knee flexion.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In vivo kinetics/kinematics of 44 healthy athletic participants were measured to determine stratification of injury risk (ie, low, medium, and high) in 3 degrees of knee forces/moments (knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation). These stratified kinetic values were input into a cadaveric impact simulator to assess ligamentous strain during a simulated landing task. Uniaxial and multiaxial load cells and differential variable reluctance transducer strain sensors were utilized to collect mechanical data for analysis. Conditions of external loads applied to the cadaveric limbs were varied and randomized.

Results:

ACL strain increased with increased dynamic knee abduction moment (χ2[5] = 14.123, P = .0148). The most extreme dynamic knee abduction moment condition demonstrated significantly higher ACL strain compared with lower loaded trials ( P≤ .0203). Similarly, MCL strain increased with dynamic knee abduction moment (χ2[5] = 36.578, P < .0001). Matched-pairs analysis compared ACL strain with MCL strain (maximum ACL strain – maximum MCL strain) and demonstrated high strain for the ACL versus the MCL ( S177 = 6223.5, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Although significant, MCL strain had minimal increase with increased dynamic knee abduction moment, and the event of ACL failure did not significantly increase MCL strain when compared with high dynamic knee abduction moment conditions in the cadaveric model. The ACL bears more strain than the MCL at increasing amounts of dynamic knee abduction moment at 25° of knee flexion, which may explain the limited concomitant MCL injury rate that can occur during a dynamic valgus collapse of the knee.

Clinical Relevance:

These characteristics of ACL and MCL strain are important to understand the mechanisms that drive these injuries at the knee and will improve rehabilitation and injury prevention techniques.
Predictors of Healthy Youth Relationships Program Implementation in a Sample of Canadian Middle School Teachers
Authors: Exner-Cortens Deinera , Spiric Vanja , Crooks Claire , Syeda Maisha , Wells Lana
Published: June 2019

Implementation of evidence-based, Tier 1 social-emotional learning (SEL) programming that supports healthy relationships skills is recognized as a key mental health promotion and violence prevention strategy for youth. However, work specifically exploring how to support the high-quality implementation of such programming with Canadian teachers and schools is just beginning to emerge. Drawing on implementation frameworks that emphasize the importance of setting, provider, and implementation process characteristics for understanding program implementation outcomes, this prospective, longitudinal study explores implementation of the Fourth R, a SEL-based healthy relationships program, in a Western Canadian province using a sample of middle school teachers. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to illuminate relationships among teachers’ attitudes toward evidence-based programming, perceptions of organizational climate, and training experience with program implementation outcomes (dosage, quality, fidelity). Findings of this exploratory study identified that these characteristics influenced implementation dosage, quality, and fidelity in differential ways. Qualitative data drawn from teacher interviews supported quantitative findings and highlighted the importance of organizational support for high-quality implementation. We discuss areas for further study, given that there are significant gaps in knowledge about teachers’ attitudes toward evidence-based programming, school climate, and other systemic factors in the Canadian context, as well as relevance of study findings to the field of school psychology.
A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives of Domestic Violence Survivors on Behavior Change Programs With Perpetrators
Authors: McGinn Tony , Taylor Brian , McColgan Mary
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the process of change in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators through in-depth interviews with their (ex-)partners. Programs designed to help perpetrators change their behavior, have yet to be endorsed by rigorous evaluation. In this context, this study explored survivors’ perspectives for direction on how these programs might be further developed. Interviews were conducted with 18 IPV survivors, who had recently had the experience of having a (ex-)partner complete a perpetrator program. The study employed iterative data collection and analysis, in keeping with the grounded theory approach to qualitative research. Researchers used secondary coding to enhance study rigor. Lines of enquiry which were relevant to perpetrator program development were identified in an expert review of interim findings, after nine interviews. Survivors described change on a spectrum, from highly significant change, through uncertainty about change, to harmful change. Some survivors described their subscription to new standards of family safety, following the support and time-out they had been afforded during their partners’ treatment. Study findings give us pause to consider what we can realistically hope to achieve through traditionally formatted psycho-educative group-work programs with perpetrators. Survivors described the need for long-term sustained change in perpetrators and genuine feelings of safety for themselves and their children. We discuss the role the current perpetrator programs might play in achieving these aims and point toward the inadequacy of commonly used behavior-counting tools in program evaluations. Based on the current study findings, we suggest that perpetrator programs can become perpetrator centric, and stray from their original conceptualisation as just one part of an integrated response to IPV. We lend support to calls for the use of survivor safety, and well-being measures, in program evaluations.
Statin Effects on Incidence, Treatment Success, and Mortality of Clostridium difficile Infections
Authors: Gaviola Marian L. , Scribe Emily C. , Leverett Haley N. , Howard Meredith L.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

To review the effects of statin use in patients at risk for or diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on CDI incidence, treatment success, and mortality.

Methods

A literature search was performed through January 2019 using the following terms: statins, HMG-CoA inhibitors, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, and Clostridium difficile infection. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Studies evaluating statin effects on C difficile-related outcomes were included.

Results

A total of 8 studies were identified for inclusion in this review. All studies were retrospective. Five studies reported the association between statin use and the development of CDI, suggesting that statins may decrease risk of CDI development in patients already on statin. In one study, there was an improved treatment response against CDI with the use of statin. Three retrospective studies evaluated statin use and mortality from CDI and only one study found significant mortality benefit in statin users.

Conclusions

Statin use may have a protective effect against the development of CDI and improve CDI treatment success; however, it is unclear if use confers a mortality benefit. Current data remain sparse and larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm current results and identify the specific population that may benefit the most from this intervention.
Evaluation of the Two-Bag System in Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients
Authors: Cho Nam , Bushell Tommy , Choi Mia , Moussavi Kayvan
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was designed to assess if the two-bag (TB) system, which utilizes 2 intravenous (IV) fluid bags, one containing sodium chloride and the other containing sodium chloride and dextrose, is an effective and safe alternative to the traditional one-bag (OB) system in adults with DKA.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed at an academic medical center. Adults with DKA were included if treated with the OB or TB system. The primary outcome was time to anion gap closure. Secondary outcomes included duration of insulin infusion, time to serum bicarbonate correction, number of continuous IV fluid orders, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and rates of hypoglycemia and hypokalemia.

Results:

One hundred twenty-two patients were included. Sixty-eight were treated with the OB system and 54 with the TB system. There were no differences in time to anion gap closure, duration of insulin infusion, ICU LOS, or hospital LOS. Time to bicarbonate correction was shorter in the OB group (13.5 [IQR: 7-29] vs 25 [IQR: 11-50] hours; P = .03). There were no differences in rates of hypoglycemia or hypokalemia between groups.

Conclusion:

The TB system had similar efficacy and safety when compared to the OB system. Both approaches can be considered in adults with DKA.
Synthesis and characterization of siloxane-containing benzoxazines with high thermal stability
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Jilei , Zeng Kai , Li Yuntao , Li Chunxia Zhao Gaoxu
Published: June 2019

To understand the influence of phenyl substituents on silicon and to improve the glass transition temperature ( T g) and thermal stability, phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) dimethylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-adms), phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) methylphenylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-amps), and phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) diphenylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-adps) were designed and synthesized. The structure of the siloxane-containing benzoxazines were confirmed by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The curing reaction of the obtained benzoxazines was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ infrared spectra. The influence of the aromatic content on the T g and thermal stability were investigated by modulated DSC and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared to aminopropylsiloxane-based benzoxazines, the bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) siloxane-based benzoxazines possessed relatively higher T g about 140°C due to the replacement of flexible propyl chain by phenoxyl chain. With increasing phenyl substituents on silicon, the polybenzoxazines possessed lower T g and higher thermal stability. It is notedthat the phenol/bis ( p-aminophenoxyl) diphenylsiloxane-based benzoxazine (P-adps) still has low viscosity despite high aromatic content due to the flexible ether linkage (Ar–O–Si).
Multi-chamber tyre designing for fuel economy
Authors: Aldhufairi Hamad Sarhan , Olatunbosun Oluremi Ayotunde , Essa Khamis
Published: June 2019

Rolling resistance plays a major role in tyre development due to its significant influence on energy consumption and environmental impact. Numerous efforts to minimise the tyre’s rolling resistance have met with no or minor success because of the tyre’s complexity and the involved compromises. This paper explores a novel design solution of the multi-chamber tyre, as a potential alternative, for low rolling resistance while meeting other driving requirements – a multi-purpose generalised solution (design-for-all). A novel multi-chamber design (base design) with a validated finite element model was used to create the different novel designs. Statistical analysis based on the design of experiment was conducted to identify the best cavity volumes and inflation settings. The ‘design-for-all’ solution offered a 28% reduction in rolling resistance, an enhanced cornering performance, a matching grip and a satisfactory cushioning.
Evaluation of the aeroengine performance reliability based on generative adversarial networks and Weibull distribution
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wang Huawei , Yan Xiaojing
Published: June 2019

Evaluating the reliability of aeroengines with few or zero failures through the use of the Weibull distribution has become a key problem in aviation, as the difficulty of obtaining sufficient sample sizes of monitoring data limits the reliability of evaluations. This paper aims to solve this problem by using generative adversarial networks to generate aeroengine condition monitoring data and increase the volume of usable data. The experimental results show that after a large number of network training epochs, the generated data can reflect the regularity of empirical monitoring data. The relationship between monitoring parameters and Weibull distribution parameters is determined, the generated data are used to estimate Weibull parameters, and the Weibull distribution reliability function for aeroengines is established. The results indicate that the combined use of generative adversarial networks and the Weibull distribution reliability function can indeed solve the problem of limited data volume, and that this method can improve the accuracy of aeroengine reliability assessment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analyzing monitoring data and time on wing data of 30 aeroengines, calculating engine reliability, and comparing the results with those yielded from the generated data.
My Presidency of the Academy of Management: Moral Responsibility, Leadership, Governance, Organizational Change, and Strategy
Authors: McGahan Anita M.
Published: June 2019

I was the President of the Academy of Management (AOM) in 2016-2017 when U.S. President Donald Trump issued an Executive Order banning immigration and travel to the United States by citizens of seven predominantly Muslim countries (EO13769). While I immediately sought to condemn EO13769 as immoral and as a threat to the AOM, I was only able to issue a condemnation in my own name and not in the name of the AOM because the Board’s Executive Committee correctly determined that a condemnation would have violated the AOM Constitution. This put me in the untenable position of leading an organization operating under principles that conflicted with my personal beliefs about an immoral act of government. The article is a case study on this situation. In it, I explain how EO13769 and other attacks on science threaten the purpose and functioning of the AOM. The case explores a relatively understudied aspect of leadership: the identity of an organization as distinct from the identity of its leader. It also underscores the importance of strengthening democratic institutions of science. I argue that the issuance of statements of condemnation—while important—does not exhaust our responsibilities in society as scholars for investigating, reporting, defending, and protecting the truth about what is going on in the world around us. I conclude by calling us to redouble our commitment to a defining purpose of the AOM, which is to support the scholarship necessary to overcome polarizing politicization of complex social issues.
Dialogue as Renounced Aggression: JMI and the Case of AOM’s President’s Response to EO13769
Authors: Stackman Richard W. , Martin de Holan Pablo , Argyres Nicholas , Cabral Sandro , Moliterno Thomas P. , Stoner James , Walsh James P.
Published: June 2019

Dialogue and debate are at the core of the social sciences. In this piece, the Journal of Management Inquiry ( JMI) editors-in-chief discuss their position and decisions pertaining to the publication of Professor Anita McGahan’s response to Professor Hardimos Tsoukas. A key decision—given JMI’s commitment to dialogue and exchange in its scholarly form—included publishing three curated pieces where renowned scholars applied their scholarly voice and expertise to McGahan’s historical narrative. To conclude this piece and the entire Editors’ Choice collection, five scholars speak to needed qualitative research standards or address McGahan’s leadership directly. Specific corrections to Tsoukas are also provided.
Value-Based Provider Payment Initiatives Combining Global Payments With Explicit Quality Incentives: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cattel Daniëlle , Eijkenaar Frank
Published: June 2019

An essential element in the pursuit of value-based health care is provider payment reform. This article aims to identify and analyze payment initiatives comprising a specific manifestation of value-based payment reform that can be expected to contribute to value in a broad sense: (a) global base payments combined with (b) explicit quality incentives. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, consulting four scientific bibliographic databases, reference lists, the Internet, and experts. We included and compared 18 initiatives described in 111 articles/documents on key design features and impact on value. The initiatives are heterogeneous regarding the operationalization of the two payment components and associated design features. Main commonalities between initiatives are a strong emphasis on primary care, the use of “virtual” spending targets, and the application of risk adjustment and other risk-mitigating measures. Evaluated initiatives generally show promising results in terms of lower spending growth with equal or improved quality.
Sunscreen Application, Safety, and Sun Protection: The Evidence
Authors: Li Heidi , Colantonio Sophia , Dawson Andrea , Lin Xing , Beecker Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Recently in Canada, there has been an effort to create consistent messaging about sun safety as there is a lack of up-to-date evidence-based guidelines regarding sun-protection measures. This review aimed to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations on sunscreen application, safety, and sun protection regarding the following topics for which there is clinical uncertainty: physical barriers, sunscreen properties, sunscreen application, and risk-benefit analysis.