bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cephalostatin Chemistry. Part 4. Application of the Reich Iodoso syn‐ Elimination for the Preparation of an Intermediate Appropriate for the Synthesis of Both Hexacyclic Steroidal Units of Cephalostatin 7.
Authors: KIM S. , FUCHS P. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Aplyronine A (I), a Potent Antitumor Substance of Marine Origin.
Authors: KIGOSHI H. , OJIKA M. , ISHIGAKI T. , SUENAGA K. , MUTOU T. , SAKAKURA A. , OGAWA T. , YAMADA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminophosphoranes: Useful Building Blocks for the Preparation of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: MOLINA P. , VILAPLANA M. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry of Cyclic Peptides
Authors: ECKART K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The ClOClO, BrOClO, and IOClO Molecules and Their Photoisomerization. A Matrix Isolation Study.
Authors: JOHNSSON K. , ENGDAHL A. , KOELM J. , NIEMINEN J. , NELANDER B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Fibre Materials as Cathodes for Reduction of Chlorobenzene in Non‐Aqueous Solution.
Authors: TSYGANOK A. I. , PLEKHANOV V. P. , KULIKOV S. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Baker′s Yeast Reduction of Prochiral γ‐Nitroketones: Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐4‐Nitroalcohols.
Authors: GUARNA A. , OCCHIATO E. G. , SPINETTI L. M. , VALLECCHI M. E. , SCARPI D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Inter (4 + 2)/Intra (3 + 2) Cycloadditions. Part 6. The Bridged Mode.
Authors: DENMARK S. E. , STOLLE A. , DIXON J. A. , GUAGNANO V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Solvent on the Reaction of p‐Nitrochlorobenzene with Phenylacetonitrile in Strong Basic Medium.
Authors: KOTOV A. D. , ORLOV V. YU. , KOPEIKIN V. V. , MIRONOV G. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Microwave Heating Technique for Rapid Synthesis of . gamma.,δ‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: SRIKRISHNA A. , NAGARAJU S. , KONDAIAH P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids. Part 1.
Authors: BOIVIN J. , ELKAIM L. , ZARD S. Z.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(Hydroxy(sulfonyloxy)iodo)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethanes, CF3CH2I(OH)OSO2R: Stable, Fluoroalkyl Analogues of Koser′s Reagent.
Authors: ZHDANKIN V. V. , KUEHL C. J. , SIMONSEN A. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylamination of 2,4‐Diacetyl(diethoxycarbonyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐3‐ phenyl‐(2‐furyl)‐1‐cyclohexanone.
Authors: SOROKIN V. V. , KUZ'MIN M. V. , SMIRNOVA N. S. , KOZHEVNIKOVA N. I. , KRIVEN'KO A. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenylcyclopropane in the Meerwein‐Reaction.
Authors: OBUSHAK N. D. , KARPYAK V. V. , GANISHCHAK N. I. , LEMESHEV A. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Application of Aryl‐Participated Cyclization Involving Diazomethyl Ketone: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Angularly Ester‐ Substituted trans‐Octahydrophenanthrene Ring System Related to Diterpenes.
Authors: DAS S. , SAHA A. K. , MUKHERJEE D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile‐Induced Cyclization of Silyl‐Substituted 4‐Alken‐1‐ols.
Authors: ADIWIDJAJA G. , FLOERKE H. , KIRSCHNING A. , SCHAUMANN E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Methyl‐3‐alkenylpyrrole from Oximes of Terpenoid Ketones and Acetylene.
Authors: TROFIMOV B. A. , VASIL'TSOV A. M. , SCHMIDT E. YU. , PETROVA O. V. , MIKHALEVA A. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Cyclic Amines by Anionic Cyclization.
Authors: COLDHAM I. , HUFTON R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1,3‐Oxathiolane‐2‐thiones by the Reaction of Oxirane and Carbon Disulfide.
Authors: KIHARA N. , NAKAWAKI Y. , ENDO T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Lithio Derivatives of 1‐ Allenylbenzotriazole.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , VERIN S. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 1,2,4‐Triazolines and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazolines from Bithioureas.
Authors: ERNST S. , RICHTER C. , HOBERT A. , MARIAM G. G. , SCHULZE K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Behavior of 4‐(ω‐Enyl)‐ and 4‐(ω‐Dienyl)‐2‐ pyrones.
Authors: SHIMO T. , UEDA S. , SOMEKAWA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Heterocyclic Ring Systems via Photocyclization. Part 15. (1)Benzothieno(3′,2′:4,5)thieno(2,3‐c) quinoline, (1)Benzothieno(3′,2′:4,5)thieno(2,3‐c) (1,2,4)triazolo(4,3‐ a)quinoline, (1)Benzothieno(3′,2′:4,5)thieno(2,3‐c)tetrazolo(1,5‐a) quinoline, Thieno(3′,2′:4,5)thieno(2,3‐c) (1,2,4)triazolo(4,3‐a) quinoline, and Thieno(3′,2′:4,5)thieno(2,3‐c)tetrazolo(1,5‐a)quinoline.
Authors: LUO J.‐K. , KUDO H. , FEDERSPIEL R. F. , CASTLE R. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of 2,5,7,10‐Tetramethyl‐2,4,8,10‐ tetraazabicyclo(4.4.0)decan‐3,9‐dione.
Authors: DEKAPRILEVICH M. O. , KRAVCHENKO A. N. , KHMEL'NITSKII L. I. , LEBEDEV O. V. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , STRELENKO YU. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of Heterocyclic Isothiocyanates Bearing an ortho Ester Group with N‐Nucleophiles. The Scope and Some Limitations of the Reaction.
Authors: URLEB U.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enolethers. Part 20. Synthesis of Azepino(4,5‐b)quinoxalines and Pyridopyrazino(2,3‐d)azepines.
Authors: BONACORSO H. G. , MACK K.‐E. , EFFENBERGER F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Insertion Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate.
Authors: GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , KOLOMNIKOVA G. D. , KRYLOVA T. O.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Two Ifosfamide Analogues with a Five‐Membered Ring.
Authors: KUTSCHER B. , NIEMEYER U. , ENGEL J. , KLEEMANN A. , HILGARD P. , POHL J. , SCHEFFLER G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Heterocycles. Part 41. Syntheses of Substituted Thiazolo, Selenazolo, 1,2,3‐Thiadiazolo and 1,2,3‐Selenadiazoloquinolines.
Authors: SHAFIEE A. , REZAYAZDI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry in the Cyclization of Pseudoirone by Increased Temperature.
Authors: KRON A. A. , FEDOTOVA E. M. , NOVIKOV N. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure Hydroxylactones from L‐Ascorbic and D‐Isoascorbic Acids. Part 2. Synthesis of (‐)‐(5R,6S)‐6‐Acetoxy‐5‐hexadecanolide (XII) and Its Diastereomers.
Authors: GRAVIER‐PELLETIER C. , LE MERRER Y. , DEPEZAY J.‐C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Metalation‐Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Strategies. A Formal Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid Amphimedine.
Authors: GUILLIER F. , NIVOLIERS F. , GODARD A. , MARSAIS F. , QUEGUINER G. , SIDDIQUI M. A. , SNIECKUS V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Carboline Alkaloids. Part 6. Total Synthesis of the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Infractine.
Authors: BRACHER F. , HILDEBRAND D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐755,805, a New Polyketide Endothelin Binding Inhibitor from an Actinomycete.
Authors: LAM Y. K. T. , HENSENS O. , HELMS G. , WILLIAMS D. JUN. , NALLIN M. , SMITH J. , GARTNER S. , HERRANZ RODRIGUEZ L. , STEVENS‐MILES S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trends in In‐Hospital Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Drug‐Eluting Stents Era
Authors: Liu Sheng Wen , Xu Bo , Chen Jue , Hu Feng Huan , Wu Yong Jian , Li Jian Jun , Yang Yue Jin , Chen Ji Lin , Gao Run Lin , Qiao Shu Bin
Published: August 2010

Background

The introduction of drug‐eluting stents (DES) dramatically changed the practice of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the 2000s. Little is known about trends in in‐hospital outcome after PCI in the DES era.

Hypothesis

The in‐hospital outcomes after PCI might be continuously improved over time.

Methods

We analyzed in‐hospital outcomes of 21 667 patients who underwent PCI at Fu Wai Hospital in the past 5 years. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the time of their intervention: group 1 (June 2004 to May 2005), group 2 (June 2005 to May 2006), group 3 (June 2006 to May 2007), group 4 (June 2007 to May 2008), and group 5 (June 2008 to May 2009).

Results

Procedural success rates for the 5 groups were 93.6%, 95%, 94.4%, 94.2%, and 94.3%, respectively (P = 0.39). Significant reduction in in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (3.1%, 3.4%, 2.8%, 1.6%, and 1.0%, P < 0.001) and need for target‐vessel revascularization (2.0%, 2.2%, 1.5%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, P < 0.001) was noted over time, which was associated with a significant increase in use of DES (from 56.6% to 97.0%, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, use of DES, dissection during procedure, left main lesion, prior myocardial infarction, and age ≥ 65 years were independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

There were substantial reductions in in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events and target‐vessel revascularization over the past 5 years. This reduction was associated with the concurrent increased use of DES. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was performed at the Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Sex and Race Are Associated With the Absence of Epicardial Coronary Artery Obstructive Disease at Angiography in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Chokshi Neel P. , Iqbal Sohah N. , Berger Rachel L. , Hochman Judith S. , Feit Frederick , Slater James N. , Pena‐Sing Ivan , Yatskar Leonid , Keller Norma M. , Babaev Anvar , Attubato Michael J. , Reynolds Harmony R.
Published: August 2010

Background

A substantial minority of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) do not have a diameter stenosis of any major epicardial coronary artery on angiography (“no obstruction at angiography”) of ≥ 50%. We examined the frequency of this finding and its relationship to race and sex.

Hypothesis

Among patients with myocardial infarction, younger age, female sex and non‐white race are associated with the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease at angiography.

Methods

We reviewed the results of all angiograms performed from May 19, 2006 to September 29, 2006 at 1 private (n = 793) and 1 public (n = 578) urban academic medical center. Charts were reviewed for indication and results of angiography, and for demographics.

Results

The cohort included 518 patients with ACS. There was no obstruction at angiography in 106 patients (21%), including 48 (18%) of 258 patients with myocardial infarction. Women were more likely to have no obstruction at angiography than men, both in the overall cohort (55/170 women [32%] vs 51/348 men [15%], P < 0.001) and in the subset with MI (29/90 women [32%] vs 19/168 men [11%], P < 0.001). Black patients were more likely to have no obstruction at angiography relative to any other subgroup (24/66 [36%] vs 41/229 [18%] Whites, 31/150 [21%] Hispanics, and 5/58 [9%] Asians, P = 0.001). Among women, Black patients more frequently had no obstruction at angiography compared with other ethnic groups (16/27 [59%] vs 17/59 [29%] Whites, 17/60 [28%] Hispanics, and 3/19 [6%] Asians, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

A high proportion of a multiethnic sample of patients with ACS were found to have no stenosis ≥ 50% in diameter at coronary angiography. This was particularly common among women and Black patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was supported by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Dr Reynolds is a recipient of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Measurement of the Ascending Aorta: Comparison With Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Kabirdas Deepa , Scridon Cristiana , Brenes Juan‐Carlos , Hernandez Adrian V. , Novaro Gian M. , Asher Craig R.
Published: August 2010

Background

There has been a substantial increase in the number of imaging studies performed to assess thoracic aortic pathology. We sought to determine the accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) compared to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for measuring ascending aortic size.

Hypothesis

Transthoracic echocardiography is reasonably accurate for assessing ascending aortic dimension.

Methods

Fifty‐two patients with or without aortic disease underwent both TTE with nonstandard views and TEE. The ascending aorta was measured at 4 levels by 2 blinded observers for each modality. Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined and Bland‐Altman plots and analyses were constructed. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was determined in a random subgroup of patients.

Results

The mean age of the group was 65.5 years old and 15% had aortic dilation >4.0 cm. A strong positive correlation between the 2 imaging modalities was seen at all levels with the highest correlation for the maximum diameter of the ascending aorta (r = 0.936, P < 0.0001). Interobserver and intraobserver variability showed a good intraclass correlation among readers and among the same reader at all levels.

Conclusions

Transthoracic echocardiography using nonstandard imaging windows is accurate in comparison to TEE for measurement of the ascending aorta at multiple levels in patients with or without aortic pathology. The findings of this study provide support for selected serial follow‐up of patients with aortic disease by TTE only. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Reaching customers at the base of the pyramid—a two‐stage business strategy
Authors: Gollakota Kamala , Gupta Vipin , Bork James T.
Published: August 2010

Two‐thirds of the world's population make less than $2,000 a year. There is increasing attention paid to how private firms can play a role in improving the quality of life of people at the bottom of the economic pyramid in ways that are mutually beneficial. But despite the promise of mutual benefit, many firms have not been able to serve very poor customers profitably. In this article, we present a two‐stage business strategy that will help firms to serve customers at the base of the pyramid. We suggest that in the first stage, firms need a deep cost management strategy, involving a focus on core customer value, and holistic operations reengineering. In the second stage, we suggest that firms need to consider a deep benefit management strategy, involving value reengineering, partnering for excellence, and creating inclusive channels. We support our ideas with examples of successful and unsuccessful cases of firms that have tried to serve the poor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The people dimension in modern international marketing: Neglected but crucial
Authors: Czinkota Michael R. , Samli A. Coskun
Published: August 2010

International marketing has performed extremely well during the second half of the twentieth century. During this period, the role, skills, and performance of marketing professionals have changed. This article examines these dramatic changes.

We examine the changing role of marketing professionals in four distinct periods: 1945–1964, 1965–1984, 1985–2004, and 2005 forward. These periods are labeled as ages of coincidence, confluence, commingling, and creative conflicted collaboration. The role, skills, and performances of marketing professionals are analyzed as they emerged and changed.

The article posits that as globalization continues as an unstoppable movement, the roles of marketing professionals are likely to emerge as a changing strategic tool. We carefully analyze professionals as one of the critical “Ps” of the marketing mix and examine their role in ever‐successful international marketing and its relationship to globalization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing market entry in Oman: The case of Nawras
Authors: Birnik Andreas , Cormack Ross , Moat Richard
Published: August 2010

This article focuses on the challenges faced by the mobile operator Nawras when entering the Omani telecom market in 2005. The source material consists of auto‐ethnographic accounts of two European managers who worked at Nawras during the launch period. The result is a rich and highly personal account of market‐entry challenges and managerial efforts to overcome such challenges in a newly deregulated Gulf country. The Nawras story suggests that entrants into a Gulf market such as Oman need a great deal of flexibility and improvisation capabilities in order to become successful. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Cisco creates new value via global customer service
Authors: Hastings Hunter , Saperstein Jeff , Perman Michael R.
Published: August 2010

In Bust the Silos: Opening Your Organization for Growth, Hunter Hastings and Jeff Saperstein offer a new concept for business growth in today's global economy. It is called “demand creation”: the design of new organizational structures and processes to make managing the demand for a product or service a process‐based, predictable, and repeatable science.

The challenge is how to harness the capabilities of new productivity tools with new business processes for success. Hastings and Saperstein argue that forward‐thinking organizations must work differently: in roles, not just jobs; in new forms of multifunctional teams, not just departments; in networks, not just rigid structures; and in listening to escalate responsiveness, not just communicating to get the message across.

We all now operate in a highly connected, rapidly evolving, customer‐centric, and knowledge‐driven environment. Yet, most of our current management practices, organizational models, and job functions are not effective in serving our customers.

Value is created through relationships with customers. Companies must adopt principles and practices that encourage every individual in the diverse groups of employees to have a shared sense of purpose to engage in more effective ways of working together to build customer intimacy and loyalty.

This article profiles the Cisco Customer Interaction Network and the transformation of its global operations from call centers to customer‐relationship builders. It addresses the following questions:

Why is being adaptive necessary for organizational survival?

How does one design a customer support system that listens and teaches rather than just fixes problems?

How does one take full advantage of the Web for customer support?

How does one give front‐line professionals the training and tools to be consultants rather than mechanistic problem solvers?

How can evolving metrics be a game changer?

The article is adapted from Bust the Silos: Opening Your Organization for Growth by Hunter Hastings and Jeff Saperstein (BookSurge, 2009). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
As the dollar sinks, will the yuan float?
Authors: Castle Kevin
Published: August 2010

Many scholars believe with the United States' increasing debt, the global position of the dollar is weakening. As the dollar declines, China, now the largest holder of U.S. dollars in the world, is understandably concerned. China's controversial peg to the U.S. dollar, combined with its $2.4 trillion in foreign reserves and trade imbalances, is debated daily by politicians and economists. This article presents arguments for and against the current China monetary policy in economic and political contexts. Statements from China's leaders, other global leaders, and economists are reviewed. Economic and political obstacles and incentives in the context of their influence on the China government are considered. Finally, milestones for business leaders to look for are suggested to help determine China's possible path to a fully convertible yuan. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Impact of MMP and TIMP Gene Polymorphisms in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Alakus Hakan , Afriani Noor , Warnecke‐Eberz Ute , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Fetzner Ulrich , Drebber Uta , Metzger Ralf , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Mönig Stefan P.
Published: August 2010

Background

Recent studies suggest that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes and genes of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have an impact on the expression of these genes and on the prognosis for gastric cancer.

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin‐embedded tissues of 135 patients who were treated surgically for primary gastric carcinoma. Genotyping was performed for MMP‐2−1306C>T, TIMP‐2303C>T, and MMP‐7−181A>G. MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 antigen expression in resected tumor tissues was detected immunohistochemically. Genotyping was correlated with antigen expression, histopathologic parameters, and prognosis.

Results

The SNPs did not correlate with tumor differentiation, pT, R category, or the classifications according to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and Laurén and Ming. A significant correlation was observed for TIMP‐2303C>T with higher pN stages (p = 0.01) and more distant metastasis (p = 0.02) for patients with the CC genotypes. In univariate analysis, patients with the TIMP‐2303C>T CC genotype had an inferior survival, that was not significant (p = 0.2). However, among the gastric cancer patients in the present study, MMP‐2−1306C>T significantly correlated with gender, with men having more CC genotypes than women (p = 0.025). There were no significant correlations between genotype and protein levels of MMP‐2 (p = 0.766) and TIMP‐2 (p = 0.684).

Conclusions

The TIMP‐2303C>T CC genotype is associated with higher pN and pM categories and, in contrast to previous studies, with worse survival in gastric cancer.
Combined Use of Contrast‐Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasonography and a Fluorescence Navigation System for Identifying Hepatic Metastases
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Ueno Masaki , Ozawa Satoru , Kiriyama Sigehisa , Shigekawa Yoshinobu , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: August 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the concomitant use of contrast‐enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CE‐IOUS) using the new microbubble agent Sonazoid, and to assess the fluorescence navigation system (Photo Dynamic Eye, or PDE) using indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel tool for identifying colorectal metastatic lesions compared with preoperative contrast‐enhanced multiple row‐detected computed tomography (MDCT) and gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients who underwent a liver resection for colorectal metastatic carcinoma from 2008 to 2009 were included in the present study. ICG was intravenously injected within 2 weeks of the operation. The liver was inspected with CE‐IOUS using Sonazoid and PDE for visualizing small metastatic lesions. A lesion analysis was performed with the postoperative histopathological examination of the resected tissues. The clinical values of CE‐IOUS and PDE to confirm the malignant lesion diagnoses were statistically evaluated.

Results

A total of 56 lesions were identified based on the histopathological findings of the biopsies and resected tissues; of these, 52 were confirmed to be metastases, whereas 4 were benign tumors. The numbers of identified metastases by MDCT/MRI and CE‐IOUS/PDE were 46 and 51, respectively. The use of CE‐IOUS and PDE improved the diagnostic sensitivity compared with the use of MDCT and EOB‐MRI (98.1 vs. 88.5%, respectively; P = 0.050).

Conclusions

The present results suggested that the concomitant use of CE‐IOUS with the Sonazoid and PDE system may be a useful and safe method, in addition to CT or MRI.
What Were You Thinking?: Individuals at Risk for Huntington Disease Talk About Having Children
Authors: Quaid Kimberly A. , Swenson Melinda M. , Sims Sharon L. , Harrison Joan M. , Moskowitz Carol , Stepanov Nonna , Suter Gregory W. , Westphal Beryl J. ,   Huntington Study Group PHAROS Investigators and Coordinators
Published: August 2010

Most of the research on reproduction in those at risk for Huntington Disease (HD) has focused on the impact of genetic testing on reproductive decision‐making. The main goal has been to determine whether discovering one is a carrier of the HD mutation changes an individual's or couple's decision to start a family or to have more children. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine reproductive decision‐making in a sample of individuals at risk for HD who have chosen not to pursue genetic testing. PHAROS (Prospective Huntington At Risk Observational Study) is a multi‐site study that aims to establish whether experienced clinicians can reliably determine the earliest clinical symptoms of HD in a sample of individuals at 50% risk who have chosen not to pursue genetic testing. Data for this article were obtained from unstructured open ended qualitative interviews of a subsample of individuals participating in the PHAROS project. Interviews were conducted at six PHAROS research sites across the United States. In this paper, the research team used qualitative descriptive methods to construct and explore reproduction decision‐making in three groups of people: 1) those who knew of their risk and decided to have children; 2) those who had children before they knew of their risk, and 3) those who chose not to have children based on their risk. We discuss the delicate balance health care professionals and genetic counselors must maintain between the benefits of providing hope and the dangers of offering unrealistic expectations about the time in which scientific advances actually may occur.
The Truth and Evils of Opium: The Anti-Opium Activities of British Missionary to China John Dudgeon (1837–1901)
Authors: Gao Xi
Published: August 2010

In order to purify the environment in which they planned to convert, from the 1860s onwards British Missionaries in late Qing China started to carry out anti opium campaigns. It was these campaigns that became the life work of British Medical Missionary John Dudgeon. Dudgeon was of the opinion that it was the ferocious opium trade that was destroying the morals, traditional culture, society, and economy of the Chinese, turning China into the West’s greatest market and in turn affecting China’s own economic benefits. Based on his surveys made on the wards, from a medical perspective, Dudgeon announced that “an opium-smoker’s family become extinct in the third generation.” Dudgeon drew up the “Dudgeon Plan” in the hope that Sino-British governmental cooperation could bring about the end of the opium trade. Nevertheless, these campaigns met with stiff opposition and suppression, and lost support from the Missionary Society. John Dudgeon’s plan was ultimately a failure.
Reflections on the Crisis of Comparative Literature as a Discipline
Authors: Xiangyu LIU
Published: August 2010

This paper discusses the so-called “crisis” and “death” of comparative literature as a discipline, arguing that the congenital deficiency and internal illogicality are the root causes that make comparative literature lose the disciplinary consciousness in its growth. The theoretical turn, great emergence of cultural studies and the flooding of deconstructive torrent within the past thirty years are the external causes that lead the discipline into “crisis” and “death.” The paper asserts that despite its crises, comparative literature is not dying, but growing rapidly. The paper suggests that only by effectively constructing its disciplinary theory can Chinese comparative literature possibly strive to be the representative of the discipline in its third stage after French and American schools.
The Western Image of Chinese and Its Expression in Poetry: From Victor Segalen’s Stèles to Gérard Macé’s Chinese Lesson
Authors: Haiying QIN
Published: August 2010

This paper presents specific problems posed by the Chinese translation of Victor Segalen’s prose poetry collection Stèles, and reflects on the varied relationships between Western writers and the Chinese language. The author holds that the relationship between Segalen and Chinese is not only empirical, but imaginary. For him, as for other contemporary French poets such as Gérard Macé, the Chinese language has become metaphoric for poetic language.
Old State and New Mission: A Survey of Utopian Literature during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Period of the Republic of China
Authors: Chuanming GENG
Published: August 2010

The prosperity of utopian literature happened under the historical background that China was faced with “the greatest turbulence which had never occurred for the past three thousand years.” The significant changes took place in modern China were not merely a passive response to the outside threats, but an active pursuit of something greater. The utopian literature gave expression to Chinese people’s desire of stepping out of tradition to the new land of civilization. The aesthetic common sense created by the utopian novels filled the vacuum of faith after the decline of tradition and performed the social functions of uniting people and promoting reform. The popularity of utopian literature improved the cultural position of literature and accelerated its change from the traditional form to the modern form.
The Realization of Poetic Composition and Literary Conception: How the Creation and Development of Ye Xiaoluan Imagery Contributes to the Literature History
Authors: Guiping DU
Published: August 2010

Being a real historic personage, Ye Xiaoluan 叶小鸾, a talented lady in late Ming dynasty, not only triggered a literary family’s calamity, but also became into a public topic of discussion by widely circulating Wumengtang ji, 梦堂集 (Collection of Noon Dream hall). She was clever and quick on the uptake, and excessively sentimental. Being romanced by her family, especially by Ye Shaoyuan 叶绍袁, her profile opened up a new outlook of literary conception, while her immortal sense and supernatural power, played up by Jin Shengtan’s 金圣叹 planchette writing, was endowed with romantic charm and rebelling appeal. Since being into Qing dynasty, Ye Xiaoluan had became the element for various literary works, but most of the works could simply simulate fairy tales or copy planchette words, except Honglou meng红楼梦 (Dream of the red chamber) could deeply expand this imagery’s literary grace and core value in light of cultural interest and aesthetics aspect. The development of Ye Xiaoluan’s imagery and its success on aesthetics clearly indicated a literary element’s roadmap and structural feature, also disclosed that writer’s personality, liking, even the ethics level, could make significant effect on the literary conception and compositional structure.
How Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs) Work in Practice in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Survey of Oncologists and Urologists in the UK
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Bahl Amit , Kockelbergh Roger , Troup Janis ,   On behalf of the British Uro-oncology Group (BUG), the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Section of Oncology
Published: August 2010

Objective:

To determine the management practices for advanced prostate cancer amongst oncologists and urologists in the UK and assess the involvement of multi-disciplinary teams.

Methods:

Using a postal and email questionnaire, 51 oncologists and 63 urologists who treat patients with advanced prostate cancer were surveyed in the UK. The questions sought opinions on the role and responsibilities of oncologists and urologists in management decisions, and gave three hypothetical cases to gain insights into current management practices.

Results:

Although most respondents stated that management decisions in advanced prostate cancer were taken jointly by oncologists and urologists, most oncologists expected the sole responsibility to lie within their own specialty. In contrast, 70% of urologists recognised a need for joint responsibility for such decisions. There was no consensus on a clear definition of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) but a view that castration-resistant prostate cancer should replace HRPC. There was greater agreement on the management decisions taken by oncologists and urologists in the hypothetical cases.

Conclusion:

Within an environment where treatment options for advanced prostate cancer continue to evolve, it is important that management approaches are considered by the multidisciplinary team with a focus on the patient's individual needs and circumstances.
Intranasal fentanyl spray for breakthrough cancer pain: An innovative approach to the unmet needs
Authors: Kress Hans G.
Published: August 2010

The treatment of breakthrough pain (BTP) in cancer patients is often sub‐optimal. Normal‐release oral opioid formulations have a slow onset of action, such that the episode of pain has often spontaneously subsided by the time the opioid starts to work. Other oral formulations, such as oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), may be associated with administration problems in many cancer patients who have salivary gland dysfunction or mucositis. Thus, there is the need for a treatment that matches a typical BTP episode and that is easy to use. Intranasal fentanyl spray (INFS) has been developed as a new route of administration with a fast onset of action. INFS has been investigated in four key clinical studies involving cancer patients with BTP. Pharmacokinetic analysis has shown a dose response for maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) of fentanyl and a short venous time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax). A dose‐ranging efficacy study demonstrated a significant improvement in pain intensity difference (PID) over placebo from as early as 10min post‐administration. A later titrated‐dose efficacy study supported these findings. In a head‐to‐head comparative trial between INFS and OTFC, significantly more patients achieved a faster onset of ‘meaningful’ pain relief with INFS than with OTFC, with INFS producing a significantly greater PID as early as 5min post‐dosing. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of patients preferred INFS over OTFC. In all clinical studies, including a 10‐month follow‐up, INFS was well tolerated. INFS should be considered a significant advance for the management of BTP.
Epitope tag‐induced synthetic lethality between cohesin subunits and Ctf7/Eco1 acetyltransferase
Authors: Maradeo Marie E. , Skibbens Robert V.
Published: August 2010

Ctf7/Eco1‐dependent acetylation of Smc3 is essential for sister chromatid cohesion. Here, we use epitope tag‐induced lethality in cells diminished for Ctf7/Eco1 activity to map cohesin architecture in vivo. Tagging either Smc1 or Mcd1/Scc1, but not Scc3/Irr1, appears to abolish access to Smc3 in ctf7/eco1 mutant cells, suggesting that Smc1 and Smc3 head domains are in direct contact with each other and also with Mcd1/Scc1. Thus, cohesin complexes may be much more compact than commonly portrayed. We further demonstrate that mutation in ELG1 or RFC5 anti‐establishment genes suppress tag‐induced lethality, consistent with the notion that the replication fork regulates Ctf7/Eco1.
Induction of growth arrest by miR‐542‐3p that targets survivin
Authors: Yoon Sena , Choi Young-Chul , Lee Suman , Jeong Yongsu , Yoon Jaeseung , Baek Kwanghee
Published: August 2010

Survivin is a protein which functions as a mitotic regulator as well as apoptosis inhibitor. In this study, we show that introduction of synthetic miR‐542‐3p mimetic reduced both mRNA and protein levels of survivin. In A549 cells, luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐542‐3p targeted predicted binding sites in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of survivin. We also demonstrate that ectopic expression of miR‐542‐3p inhibited cell proliferation by inducing Gap 1 (G1) and Gap 2/Mitosis (G2/M) cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these results suggest that survivin is a direct target of miR‐542‐3p and growth inhibition by miR‐542‐3p may have a potential utility as an anti‐cancer therapy.
Loss of Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Eun Young Gyu , Kim Sung Wan , Kim Youn Wha , Kwon Kee Hwan
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein has potential as a molecular determinant of tumor metastasis and may serve as a prognostic marker. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer.

STUDY DESIGN

Immunohistochemical analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty‐nine patients with papillary thyroid cancer underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. Using specimens from total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, we performed immunohistochemistry for Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein and evaluated associations between Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression and lymph node metastasis, tumor size, number of tumors, extrathyroidal invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, and status of the tumor border.

RESULTS

We found significantly low Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression in papillary thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis. However, Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression was not associated with tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, or status of the tumor border.

CONCLUSION

The loss of Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer but not with the progression of primary tumors.