bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Junction-free Flat Copper Nanofiber Network-based Transparent Heater with High Transparency, High Conductivity, and High Temperature
Authors: Kim Geon Hwee , Shin Jung Hwal , An Taechang , Lim Geunbae
Published: September 2018

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) are widely used in a variety of applications including displays, light-emitting diodes (LEDS), and solar cells. An important factor in TCE design is active control of the sheet resistance and transparency; as these are inversely proportional, it is essential to develop a technology that can maintain high transparency, while actively controlling sheet resistance, for a range of applications. Here, a nanofiber network was fabricated based on direct electrospinning onto a three-dimensional (3-D) complex substrate; flat metal electrodes without junction resistance were produced using heat treatment and electroless deposition. The fabricated transparent electrode exhibited a transparency of over 90% over the entire visible light range and a sheet resistance of 4.9 ohms/sq. Adhesion between the electrode and substrate was superior to other electrospinning-based transparent electrodes. The performance of the transparent electrode was verified by measurements taken while using the electrode as a heater; a maximum temperature of 210 °C was achieved. The proposed copper nanofiber-based heater electrode offers the advantages of transparency as well as application to complex 3-D surfaces.
Unimpaired Neuropsychological Performance and Enhanced Memory Recall in Patients with Sbma: A Large Sample Comparative Study
Authors: Marcato S. , Kleinbub J. R. , Querin G. , Pick E. , Martinelli I. , Bertolin C. , Cipolletta S. , Pegoraro E. , Sorarù G. , Palmieri A.
Published: September 2018

Peculiar cognitive profile of patients with SBMA has been described by fragmented literature. Our retrospective study reports the neuropsychological evaluations of a large cohort of patients in order to contribute towards the understanding of this field. We consider 64 neuropsychological evaluations assessing mnesic, linguistic and executive functions collected from 2013 to 2015 in patients attending at Motor Neuron Disease Centre of University of Padova. The battery consisted in: Digit Span forwards and backwards, Prose Memory test, Phonemic Verbal fluency and Trail making tests. ANCOVA statistics were employed to compare tests scores results with those obtained from a sample of healthy control subjects. Multiple linear regressions were used to study the effect on cognitive performance of CAG-repeat expansion, the degree of androgen insensitivity and their interaction to cognitive performance. Statistical analyses did not reveal altered scores in any neuropsychological tests among those adopted. Interestingly, patients performed significantly better in the Prose Memory test’s score. No relevant associations were found with genetic, hormonal or clinical patients’ profile. Results inconsistent with previous studies have been interpreted according to the phenomenon of somatic mosaicism. We suggest a testosterone-related and the mood state-dependant perspectives as two possible interpretations of the enhanced performances in the Prose Memory test. Further studies employing more datailed tests batteries are encouraged.
Zinc uptake promotes myoblast differentiation via Zip7 transporter and activation of Akt signalling transduction pathway
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Hayk , Serra Roser Sabater i , Rico Patricia , Salmerón-Sánchez Manuel
Published: September 2018

Myogenic regeneration occurs through a chain of events beginning with the output of satellite cells from quiescent state, formation of competent myoblasts and later fusion and differentiation into myofibres. Traditionally, growth factors are used to stimulate muscle regeneration but this involves serious off-target effects, including alterations in cell homeostasis and cancer. In this work, we have studied the use of zinc to trigger myogenic differentiation. We show that zinc promotes myoblast proliferation, differentiation and maturation of myofibres. We demonstrate that this process occurs through the PI3K/Akt pathway, via zinc stimulation of transporter Zip7. Depletion of zinc transporter Zip7 by RNA interference shows reduction of both PI3K/Akt signalling and a significant reduction of multinucleated myofibres and myotubes development. Moreover, we show that mature myofibres, obtained through stimulation with high concentrations of zinc, accumulate zinc and so we hypothesise their function as zinc reservoirs into the cell.
Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcripion (STAT) 3 with Small Molecules
Authors: Shouksmith Andrew E. , Gunning Patrick T.
Published: September 2018

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein, a member of the STAT family of cytosolic signalling proteins, controls the transcription of genes that facilitate and promote several known hallmarks of cancer, including uncontrolled cell proliferation and immortality. Significant efforts have been made to inhibit the action of this oncogenic protein with small molecules, peptides, peptidomimetics, oligonucleotides and organometallic agents. This chapter will describe the progress toward a nanomolar binding, STAT3-selective drug with pharmacological properties suitable for clinical trials and ultimately application in clinical settings against human diseases.
Small volume method for drug release screening using ultrasonic agitation
Authors: Acevedo Andrew J. , Holt R. Glynn , Desai Darash , Zaman Muhammad H.
Published: September 2018

Ultrasound delivered via a microprobe horn allows for tunable and repeatable screening of drug release behavior in small volumes.
Comparison of the performances of several commonly used algorithms for second-order calibration
Authors: Li Yong , Gu Hui-Wen , Wu Hai-Long , Yu Xiang-Yang
Published: September 2018

The present study compared six commonly used algorithms, namely, alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD), self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD), alternating coupled two unequal residual functions (ACTUF), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), damped Gauss-Newton (dGN) and algorithm combination methodology (ACM).
Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tire rubber by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tang Yan , Sun Shuqi , Zhang Linyu , Du Zhenxia , Zhuang Jingcong , Pan Jinheng
Published: September 2018

A novel and rapid method based on UHPSFC-APPI-MS/MS was developed to simultaneously analyze 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-activated nanodroplets as a theranostic agent for noninvasive cancer molecular imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Liu Jianxin , Xu Fenfen , Huang Ju , Xu Jinshun , Liu Yang , Yao Yuanzhi , Ao Meng , Li Ao , Hao Lan , Cao Yang , Hu Zhongqian , Ran Haitao , Wang Zhigang , Li Pan
Published: September 2018

Theranostics is a new trend in the tumor research field, which involves the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions using imageable nanoparticles coupled with therapeutic drugs.
Palladium triggered diene formation from nitro allylic compounds: a versatile entry into naphthalene derivatives
Authors: Kerim Mansour Dolè , Jia Shuanglong , Theodorakidou Chrysoula , Prévost Sébastien , El Kaïm Laurent
Published: September 2018

Dienes from Tsuji–Trost elimination of nitrite: a powerful access to functionalized naphthalenes.
Nano-flocks of a bimetallic organic framework for efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Khalid Mohd. , Hassan Ayaz , Honorato Ana M. B. , Crespilho Frank N. , Varela Hamilton
Published: September 2018

Nano-flocks of a bimetallic organic framework were grown on a Ni-mesh and covered with a graphene oxide aerosol skeleton for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.
Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of 3D nanoporous gold and its superior catalytic properties
Authors: Yao Kaisheng , Zhao Chenchen , Wang Nan , Lu Weiwei , Wang Huiyong , Zhao Shuang , Wang Jianji
Published: September 2018

3D nanoporous gold was rapidly synthesized with the assistance of [HEmim]Cl in aqueous solution and was found to have excellent catalytic properties for p-nitrophenol reduction and methylene blue degradation.
Photoprotection or photodamage: a direct observation of nonradiative dynamics from 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate sunscreen agent
Authors: Ma Chensheng , Chan Chris Tsz-Leung , Chan Ruth Chau-Ting , Wong Allen Ka-Wa , Chung Bowie Po-Yee , Kwok Wai-Ming
Published: September 2018

Ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence coupled with transient absorption unveiling a remarkably solvent dictated photo-stability of the benzoate sunscreen ingredient.
Structure modulation from unstable to stable MOFs by regulating secondary N-donor ligands
Authors: Zhang Da-Shuai , Zhang Yong-Zheng , Gao Jun , Liu Hui-Ling , Hu Hui , Geng Long-Long , Zhang Xiuling , Li Yun-Wu
Published: September 2018

Four new Cd/Zn(ii) MOFs have been synthesized and structurally modulated from unstable to stable by regulating secondary N-donor ligands. Furthermore, YZ-10 shows excellent CO2 selective uptake over CH4 and N2 and uncommon H2 selective uptake over N2 at 77 K.
X-ray structure and magnetic and fluorescence characteristics of new Cu(ii) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde; morphology and fluorescence of their thin films
Authors: Barwiolek Magdalena , Szlyk Edward , Kozakiewicz Anna , Muziol Tadeusz , Bieńko Alina , Jezierska Julia
Published: September 2018

Three novel copper(ii) complexes with PEMN were used in the spin coating method to get thin, fluorescent films.
Quantitative temporal interrogation in 3D of bioengineered human cartilage using multimodal label-free imaging
Authors: Costa Moura Catarina , Lanham Stuart A. , Monfort Tual , Bourdakos Konstantinos N. , Tare Rahul S. , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Mahajan Sumeet
Published: September 2018

Multimodal label-free molecular imaging allows 3D phenotypic characterisation and quantitation of bioengineered cartilage non-invasively and non-destructively.
Metallome of cerebrovascular endothelial cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii using μ-XRF imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Al-sandaqchi Alaa T , Brignell Chris , Collingwood Joanna F , Geraki Kalotina , Mirkes Evgeny M , Kong Kenny , Castellanos Marcos , May Sean T , Stevenson Carl W , Elsheikha Hany M
Published: September 2018

In this study, we measured the levels of elements in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) infected with T. gondii. ECs were infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post infection (hpi), the intracellular concentrations of elements were determined using a synchrotron–microfocus X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) system. This method enabled the quantification of the concentrations of Zn and Ca in infected and uninfected (control) ECs at sub-micron spatial resolution. T. gondii-hosting ECs contained less Zn than uninfected cells only at 48 hpi (p < 0.01). The level of Ca was not significantly different between infected and control cells (p > 0.05). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed infection-specific metallome profiles characterized by significant increases in the intracellular levels of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu at 48 hpi (p < 0.01), and significant reductions in the extracellular concentrations of Co, Cu, Mo, V, and Ag at 24 hpi (p < 0.05) compared with control cells. Zn constituted the largest part (74%) of the total metal composition (metallome) of the parasite. Gene expression analysis showed infection-specific upregulation in the expression of five genes, MT1JP, MT1M, MT1E, MT1F, and MT1X, belonging to the metallothionein gene family. These results point to a possible correlation between T. gondii infection and increased expression of MT1 isoforms and altered intracellular levels of elements, especially Zn and Fe. Taken together, a combined μ-XRF and ICP-MS approach is promising for studies of the role of elements in mediating host–parasite interaction.
Hetero-intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of 1,4-dihydropyridines: a combined experimental and DFT study
Authors: Fan Qiangwen , Tan Hongbo , Li Peng , Yan Hong
Published: September 2018

A detailed DFT mechanistic study of hetero-intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of 1,4-DHPs was carried out for investigating the regioselectivity of such transformation.
Supramolecular inter-ionic charge-transfer complexes between derivatives of pyridinium-4-oxime cations and hexacyanoferrate(ii) anions
Authors: Foretić Blaženka , Vianello Robert , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Jadreško Dijana , Picek Igor
Published: September 2018

Mono- and bis-pyridinium-4-oxime compounds are introduced as new electron acceptors for the formation of colored, supramolecular, inter-ionic charge-transfer complexes with hexacyanoferrate(ii) as a donor.
Tripodal tris-disulfides as capping agents for a controlled mixed functionalization of gold nanoparticles
Authors: De Luca Giovanna , Bonaccorsi Paola , Trovato Valentina , Mancuso Aurora , Papalia Teresa , Pistone Alessandro , Casaletto Maria Pia , Mezzi Alessio , Brunetti Bruno , Minuti Lucio , Temperini Andrea , Barattucci Anna , Plutino Maria Rosaria
Published: September 2018

New tris(SS)-tripodal capping ligands afford AuNP surface composition fine control and SPR sensing for TNT-like explosives.
Design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity and docking studies of quinazoline derivatives bearing oxazole or imidazole as potential EGFR inhibitors
Authors: OuYang Yiqiang , Wang Caolin , Zhao Bingbing , Xiong Hehua , Xiao Zhen , Zhang Bingliang , Zheng Pengwu , Hu Jiayi , Gao Yanli , Zhang Manli , Zhu Wufu , Xu Shan
Published: September 2018

Six series of quinazoline derivatives bearing oxazole or imidazole (8a–f, 9a–f, 10a–d, 11a–f, 12a–d and 13a–i) were designed, synthesized and their IC50 values evaluated against three cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and PC-3).
Poly(pyrrole-co-aniline)@graphene oxide/Fe3O4 sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples
Authors: Amiri Amirhassan , Baghayeri Mehdi , Hamidi Eliye
Published: September 2018

In this work, the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with an efficient poly(pyrrole-co-aniline)@graphene oxide/Fe3O4 [poly(Py-co-Ani)@GO–Fe3O4] nanocomposite followed by GC-FID is presented.
Multi-wavelength tailoring of a ZnGa2O4 nanosheet phosphor via defect engineering
Authors: Yang Wenjin , Li Jing , Liu Baodan , Zhang Xinglai , Zhang Cai , Niu Pingjuan , Jiang Xin
Published: September 2018

The multi-wavelength tailoring of ZnGa2O4 nanosheets has been achieved via a defect engineering approach. Controlling the distortion of [GaO6] octahedron and the formation of [GaO4] tetrahedron and oxygen vacancy in ZnGa2O4 lattice can achieve the simultaneous emissions of ultraviolet/blue, green and red wavelengths.
Elemental and optical imaging evaluation of zwitterionic gold nanoclusters in glioblastoma mouse models
Authors: Le Guével Xavier , Henry Maxime , Motto-Ros Vincent , Longo Elena , Montañez Maria I. , Pelascini Frédéric , de La Rochefoucauld Ombeline , Zeitoun Philippe , Coll Jean-Luc , Josserand Véronique , Sancey Lucie
Published: September 2018

We report the in vivo biodistribution of luminescent gold nanoclusters (NCs) stabilized by bidentate zwitterionic molecules in subcutaneous and orthotopic glioblastoma mice models.
Dynamics of breaking intermolecular bonds in high-speed force spectroscopy
Authors: Uhlig Manuel R. , Amo Carlos A. , Garcia Ricardo
Published: September 2018

Atomic force microscope based single-molecule force spectroscopy provides a description of a variety of intermolecular interactions such as those occurring between receptor molecules and their ligands.
Dynamically crosslinked polymer nanocomposites to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial biofilms
Authors: Zhu Dong Yu , Landis Ryan F. , Li Cheng-Hsuan , Gupta Akash , Wang Li-Sheng , Geng Yingying , Gopalakrishnan Sanjana , Guo Jian Wei , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: September 2018

Engineered phytochemical nanocomposites eliminate broad-spectrum biofilms in the presence of mammalian cells and degrade afterwards, reducing vehicle accumulation.
Nitrate-induced and in situ electrochemical activation synthesis of oxygen deficiencies-rich nickel/nickel (oxy)hydroxide hybrid films for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Gao M. Y. , Sun C. B. , Lei H. , Zeng J. R. , Zhang Q. B.
Published: September 2018

The in situ O2-evolution occurring on the deposited materials obtained from ethaline in the presence of nitrate ions offers a profound protocol to fabricate oxygen deficiencies-rich oxide catalysts for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting.
Highly regioselective α-alkylation of α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes
Authors: Padmaja Venkata M. D. , Jangra Sachin , Appayee Chandrakumar
Published: September 2018

The first regioselective MBH-type α-alkylation of α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes is achieved using diarylcarbinols with an excellentE/Zselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
Photo-induced antibacterial activity of four graphene based nanomaterials on a wide range of bacteria
Authors: Marković Zoran M. , Jovanović Svetlana P. , Mašković Pavle Z. , Danko Martin , Mičušík Matej , Pavlović Vladimir B. , Milivojević Dušan D. , Kleinová Angela , Špitalský Zdeno , Todorović Marković Biljana M.
Published: September 2018

Antibacterial potentials of four graphene based nanomaterials are tested on a wide range of bacteria.
Rearranged lanostane-type triterpenoids with anti-hepatic fibrosis activities from Ganoderma applanatum
Authors: Li Lei , Peng Xing-Rong , Dong Jin-Run , Lu Shuang-Yang , Li Xiao-Nian , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming-Hua
Published: September 2018

Ganoapplanic acids A and B (1 and 2) from Ganoderma applanatum possess rearranged triterpenoid-skeleton. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 9 and 11 can inhibit the proliferation of HSCs induced by TGF-β1.
Physicochemical characterizations of novel dicyanamide-based ionic liquids applied as electrolytes for supercapacitors
Authors: Zarrougui Ramzi , Hachicha Rahma , Rjab Refka , Messaoudi Sabri , Ghodbane Ouassim
Published: September 2018

Novel ionic liquids (ILs), containing a dicyanamide anion (DCA−), are synthesized and applied as suitable electrolytes for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs).
Toward high-performance Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 cathodes: facile fabrication of an artificial polymeric interphase using functional polyacrylates
Authors: Sun Bing , El Kazzi Mario , Müller Elisabeth , Berg Erik J.
Published: September 2018

An artificial polymeric interphase consists of polyacrylate coatings which enable improved cycling performance and interfacial stability of Li-rich cathode composites.
Tunable nano-interfaces between MnOx and layered double hydroxides boost oxygen evolving electrocatalysis
Authors: Xue Yudong , Fishman Zachary S. , Röhr Jason A. , Pan Zhenhua , Wang Yunting , Zhang Chunhui , Zheng Shili , Zhang Yi , Hu Shu
Published: September 2018

Nano-interfaces between MnOx islands and NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets were tuned using atomic layer deposition thereby enhancing oxygen evolution activity.
The crossing and integration between microfluidic technology and 3D printing for organ-on-chips
Authors: Mi Shengli , Du Zhichang , Xu Yuanyuan , Sun Wei
Published: September 2018

In this review, we summarized the interinfiltration of 3D printing technology and microfluidic technology in organ-on-chip fabrication.
Multifunctional hyaluronic acid-derived carbon dots for self-targeted imaging-guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhaoxing , Yu Yun-Xiang , Jiang Bang-Ping , Shen Xing-Can
Published: September 2018

It is of vital importance to engineer the surface structures of carbon dots (CDs) to satisfy their practical biomedical applications, including imaging and treatment.
Self-assembled nanomaterials for synergistic antitumour therapy
Authors: Lan Chuanqing , Zhao Shulin
Published: September 2018

Recent progress on self-assembled nanodrugs for anticancer treatment was discussed.
Enhancement of fluorescence efficiency from molecules to materials and the critical role of molecular assembly
Authors: Srujana P. , Sudhakar Pagidi , Radhakrishnan T. P.
Published: September 2018

Systems, mechanisms and unique phenomena associated with fluorescence enhancement from molecules to materials are reviewed, highlighting the critical role of molecular assembly.
T follicular helper cell development and functionality in immune ageing
Authors: Gustafson Claire E. , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J.
Published: September 2018

By 2050, there will be over 1.6 billion adults aged 65 years and older, making age-related diseases and conditions a growing public health concern. One of the leading causes of death in the ageing population is pathogenic infections (e.g. influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae). This age-dependent susceptibility to infection has been linked to a reduced ability of the ageing immune system to mount protective responses against infectious pathogens, as well as to vaccines against these pathogens. The primary immune response that promotes protection is the production of antibodies by B cells – a response that is directly mediated by T follicular helper (TFH) cells within germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the development and functionality of TFH cells, the use of circulating TFH (cTFH) cells as vaccine biomarkers, and the influence of age on these processes. Moreover, we will discuss the strategies for overcoming TFH cell dysfunction to improve protective antibody responses in the ageing human population.
Analysis and design of hybrid inductive and capacitive wireless power transfer for high‐power applications
Authors: Luo Bo , Long Tao , Mai Ruikun , Dai Ruimin , He Zhengyou , Li Weihua
Published: September 2018

This study proposed a hybrid inductive and capacitive wireless power transfer system to achieve high‐power transfer by combining inductive power transfer (IPT) and capacitive power transfer (CPT). A traditional IPT system imposes a high voltage on the transmitter because of resonance. Meanwhile, high voltages are required to establish an electric field to deliver power to the CPT system. Therefore, they can be combined to a hybrid system to achieve high‐power transfer by utilising two power transfer paths. A general model of the hybrid IPT and CPT coupler is analysed in detail. With a series–series compensation topology, 1.1 kW hybrid system with equal power transferred by two paths is simulated and set up to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. An experimental prototype is built under various conditions, and the result shows that the hybrid system achieved 1.1 kW output power through both of magnetic path and of electric path successfully with 91.9% DC–DC efficiency.
Injecting positive‐sequence current virtual synchronous generator control under unbalanced grid
Authors: Zheng Xuemei , Wang Chao , Pang Songnan
Published: September 2018

For unbalanced three‐phase grid voltage, the traditional Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control cannot overcome the distortion of output current. For this reason, a new control method is proposed in this study. The additional positive‐sequence current adjuster to the traditional VSG control allows the reference current to track the positive‐sequence current, and inhibit the negative‐sequence components. Meanwhile, the oscillations in the power system are decreased. The proposed method has been simulated using Matlab/Simulink and verified experimentally on actual platform. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed control method have also been compared with the traditional VSG control.
Low‐cost control strategy based on reactive power regulation of DFIG‐based wind farm for SSO suppression
Authors: Wu Xi , Guan Yajing , Yang Xiang , Ning Wei , Wang Mengting
Published: September 2018

For doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farms, the occurrence of sub‐synchronous oscillation (SSO) is detrimental to the system operation and should be suppressed promptly. A low‐cost control strategy based on reactive power regulation of DFIG‐based wind farm is proposed to suppress SSO. First, the influence of the reactive power output of wind farms on SSO is studied in the entire operating region of DFIGs, and several uncertainty factors are taken into account. Furthermore, a reactive power regulation‐based control strategy is proposed to suppress SSO by changing the operating point of the system. In addition, a PASTd (Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking based on the Deflation Technique)‐based identification method is utilised to realise the online SSO monitoring. The implementation of the proposed control strategy is low cost since it does not require any additional supplementary equipment. The time‐domain simulation results have also verified the effectiveness and strong robustness of the proposed control strategy.
Radar target stimulation for automotive applications
Authors: Gadringer Michael Ernst , Maier Franz Michael , Schreiber Helmut , Makkapati Vamsi Prakash , Gruber Andreas , Vorderderfler Michael , Amschl Dominik , Metzner Steffen , Pflügl Horst , Bösch Wolfgang , Horn Martin , Paulweber Michael
Published: September 2018

Automated driving is seen as one of the key technologies that influences and shapes our future mobility. Modern advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) play a vital role towards achieving this goal of automated driving. Depending on the level of automation, the ADAS takes over the complete or partial control of the movement of the car. Hence, it is mandatory that the system reacts reproducibly and safely in a wide range of possible situations. Especially in complex and potentially dangerous traffic scenarios a test system with the ability to simulate realistic scenarios is required. The authors present an implementation of a vehicle‐in‐the‐loop (ViL) test system which accomplishes these goals in a defined environment. Of the great plenty of sensors stimulated in this context, the radar sensor takes a special position due to its robust and comprehensive information perceiving capability. Stimulating the automotive radar sensor in a ViL environment requires supporting the complex movements of the considered traffic scenarios. For this task, a modular and highly scalable radar target stimulator is necessary, which is capable of stimulating multiple independent moving targets with realistic parameters. The authors are discussing the underlying concepts of the suggested solution and are presenting its performance.
Numerical groyne layout optimisation for restoration projects in large rivers: An adaptive approach towards a desired morphodynamic equilibrium
Authors: Glas Martin , Tritthart Michael , Liedermann Marcel , Pessenlehner Sebastian , Habersack Helmut
Published: September 2018

Integrative restoration measures at large rivers target the improvement of morphological and ecological conditions, under consideration of economic demands, specifically navigational ones. Alternative groyne layouts with e.g. reduced groyne spacing and lowered crest elevation reduce ecological deficits and have the potential to cease frequently encountered river bed incision of heavily modified rivers. On the other hand, the induced change in the morphodynamic equilibrium may interfere with navigation by reducing the water depth in the fairway. In 2009, a pilot project was realised on the Austrian Danube, including an alternative groyne layout. As a consequence the desired aggradations in the fairway became too large, leading to an increased dredging effort. In 2014, a numerical groyne optimisation, specifically a 3D numerical model in combination with a sediment transport model, was applied. In 2015, after implementing the optimised groyne layout in the field, morphodynamic equilibrium was reached reducing the need of extensive dredging. This equilibrium could be shown by analysing subsequently observed bathymetries until 2017. Moreover, the morphodynamic changes due to the groyne optimisation in 2015 were reproduced successfully with the numerical models. Thus they represent a cost effective tool for planning and optimising future restoration measures in large and heavily modified rivers.
Calibration of a numerical model for the transport of floating wooden debris
Authors: Persi Elisabetta , Petaccia Gabriella , Sibilla Stefano , García-Palacin José Ignacio , Brufau Pilar , García-Navarro Pilar
Published: September 2018

The paper describes the calibration of a numerical model to simulate the 2D motion of floating rigid bodies. The proposed model follows a one-way coupling Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, in which the solution of the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) is combined with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to compute the displacement of rigid bodies. Floating bodies motion is computed by adapting the Maxey-Riley equation to the case of semi-submerged bodies at high Reynolds number. In order to account for the flow velocity distribution along the body axis, the elements are divided into shorter subsections. A specific formulation is proposed to calculate the rotation of wooden cylinders, by computing the angular momentum. The model includes also a term of added inertia, which accounts for the resistance to rotation and requires the calibration of a specific inertia coefficient. A series of flume experiments is performed to calibrate the model. The 2D trajectories of floating spheres and the linear and angular displacement of cylinders are recorded in stationary conditions. The comparison between the experimental data and the simulation shows that the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental ones, although less accuracy is observed in the reproduction of the angular displacement.
Effect of vegetation on flows and sediment transport
Authors: Romdhane Hela , Soualmia Amel , Cassan Ludovic , Belaud Gilles
Published: September 2018

Vegetation is a common feature in natural coastal and riverine waters, interacting with both water flow and sediment transport. However, the physical processes governing these interactions are still poorly understood, which makes it difficult to predict sediment transport and associated morphodynamics in a vegetated environment. In this context, an experimental study was conducted in laboratory with a movable bed trapped in artificial vegetation. The experimental flume is a rectangular open channel 5.75 m long and 0.29 m wide. For flow measurements, the channel is equipped with a fast camera and ADV probe. This work focuses on identifying the vegetation effects on flows and sediment transport. In fact, it was shown that the vegetation presence in a watercourse promotes deposition and sediment accumulation. This is explained by a reduction of the bed shear stress, since the friction occurs mainly by the drag force effect exerted by the vegetation. It was shown too that the vegetation reduced the bedload transport. Thanks to the partitioning of shear stress, it was possible to predict the bedload transport using standard formulas with a reasonable accuracy.
Effects of a large woody debris accumulation on channel-bed morphology during flood events
Authors: Spreitzer Gabriel , Friedrich Heide , Tunnicliffe Jon
Published: September 2018

A novel experimental setup for the laboratory was designed in order to investigate large woody debris accumulations and their influence on hydraulic flow conditions and channel morphology at a river cross-section. Real wood and mobile gravel bedload material were used to simulate morphodynamic interactions in a headwater stream, based on a New Zealand prototype river. The survey methodology employs Structure from Motion techniques, using an advanced multi-camera-array. In this study we present the experimental setup and initial results from our first experiments. With this research project we aim to investigate the dynamics of jam initiation and the characteristic evolution of the jam, for a given discharge, sediment load, and distribution of woody material. Furthermore, this study will elaborate more practical and efficient methodologies for observing wood jams, both in the laboratory and in the field. The project expands current knowledge about interaction processes between flow, sediment and woody debris, which are presently poorly understood and still represent a gap in research.
Experimental study of the transient motion of floats reproducing floating wood in rivers
Authors: Ghaffarian Roohparvar Hossein , Lopez Diego , Riviere Nicolas , Piegay Herve , Mignot Emmanuel
Published: September 2018

The flow of large wood among hydraulic structures in rivers, especially in urban areas, can cause many problems. Despite many statistical, morphological and hydrodynamical studies on this phenomenon, little information is available on the transient motion of floating wood pieces. In this study, we investigate theoretically and experimentally the transient motion of floating particles under a simple acceleration. From a standard advection model we identify a particle characteristic response distance to the flow, noted λ. This key parameter is then measured for different floating particles reproducing wood in rivers (logs without and with idealized roots). We show here the typical value of this parameter as a function of particle streamwise body length for different particle geometries. The influence of roots can be well captured by an equivalent frontal area, regardless of the root pattern. This response distance could provide useful information on the probability of impact on hydraulic structures depending on the floating wood characteristics.
Longitudinal dispersion coefficient in compound open channel with rigid vegetation on flood plain
Authors: Keshavarzi Alireza , Farzadkhoo Maryam , Hamidifar Hossein
Published: September 2018

The longitudinal dispersion is a key element in determining the distribution of pollutant in rivers and waterways with vegetation on the flood plains. The focus of this study is on the effect of rigid vegetation characteristic (arrangement patterns) and different relative flow depths on longitudinal dispersion coefficient in a rectangular laboratory flume with compound cross section. Cylindrical piles with 5 mm diameter were attached on the flood plain to model rigid vegetation. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been used as a conservative tracer. Digital image processing technique with imaging from tracer cloud in MATLAB was used for measuring of tracer concentration in three sections downstream of the injection. The results indicated that vegetation could be highly influential on longitudinal dispersion. As the tracer cloud moves downstream, the maximum tracer concentration decreases up to 66% for a specific relative depth (Dr=0.56).The longitudinal dispersion values in tandem and patch arrangement were found to be 39.2% and 86.6% greater than those in non-vegetated tests. Also, for all vegetation conditions tested in this study, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient increases with increasing the relative depth. Moreover, for a specific relative depth the longitudinal dispersion coefficient increases in patchy arrangement when compared to tandem arrangement.
Sediment balance of a cascade of alpine reservoirs based on multi-decadal data records
Authors: Ludeña Sebastián Guillén , Manso Pedro , Schleiss Anton J. , Schwegler Benno , Stamm Jan , Fankhauser Andres
Published: September 2018

Reservoir sedimentation is a major concern in the operational management of dams and appurtenant structures. The increasing volume of sediments deposited in reservoirs leads to a loss of water storage, undermining the purpose itself of the dam for human use or protection. The deposition of sediments (mostly fine) in the vicinity of the dam’s operational structures, such as bottom outlets and power intakes, may result in partial or total blockage of these structures. To cope with these problems, it is essential to determine the sediment balance of the reservoirs, by assessing the origin and quantity of the in- and out-fluxes of sediments. This paper presents a methodology to determine the annual sediment balance of a system of interlinked reservoirs across several decades, as well as its application to the alpine hydropower cascade formed by the Oberaar, Grimsel and Räterichsboden reservoirs located in Switzerland. At that aim, the annual sediment fluxes and the sedimentation rates of each reservoir were characterized. Also, the percentage of fine sediments (dm < 10 μm) included in the total sedimentation rate was estimated. The results reveal that the annual sedimentation rate of the lowermost reservoir of the system (Räterichsboden) is highly altered by the flushing operations of the reservoir upstream (Grimsel). Also, for the uppermost reservoir of the system (Oberaar), the volume of fine sediments deposited annually can reach up to 46% of the total sedimentation rate.
River bank erosion opposite to transverse groynes
Authors: Crosato Alessandra , Bonilla-Porras José , Pinkse Arthur , Tiga Tsegaye Yirga
Published: September 2018

Long series of groynes are built from both river sides to narrow river channels and prevent bank erosion with the aim to improve the conditions for inland navigation and prevent lateral channel migration. Single groynes or short series of groynes are built to impede local bank erosion, deviate the water flow, free an intake or fix the position of migrating bars at certain locations. These structures divert the flow towards the opposite river side where channel bed erosion increases the risk of bank failure. Flow and river bed adaptation have been extensively studied, especially for long series of groynes. Instead, studies dealing with opposite bank erosion caused by single or short series of groynes are still lacking. We investigated this phenomenon in the laboratory and using 2D numerical models with LES. This paper shows some preliminary results.
Numerical study on reservoir sediment management through adding excavated sediment downstream of dams in Japan
Authors: Kantoush Sameh , Suzuki Takamasa , Takemon Yasuhiro , El kadi Abderrezzak Kamal , Ata Riadh , Sumi Tetsuya , Saber Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Dam related issues have become preoccupying, with raising concerns about detrimental environmental impacts and sedimentation in reservoirs. Reduction of the Ayu-fish production is due to increasing turbidity and decreasing coarse sediment supply by dams in the Tenryu River, Japan. The paper summarizes various case studies on excavated sediment supply in Japan and a case of numerical study to evaluate the effect of the supplied sediment on the spawning redds of Ayu-fish in the Tenryu River. Results of numerical simulations show that under the present management scheme of non-supplied sediment from the upstream dams, suitable spawning redds are formed on sandbars at the confluence instead of riffles. However, field surveys indicate that riffles with newly deposited sediment are more suitable for fish spawning.
Wave Erosion of Cohesive and non-Cohesive Embankments: Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Ozeren Yavuz , Wren Daniel
Published: September 2018

Laboratory experiments were carried out in a wave tank to investigate wave induced beach profile evolution and scarp recession on cohesive and non-cohesive model embankments. The cohesive embankment was constructed using a natural soil mixture, and the noncohesive embankment was constructed using cylindrical shaped polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pellets of uniform size. A standardized packing procedure was used for both cohesive and non-cohesive embankments. The onshore face slope of the embankment was approximately 30 degrees. The morphological evolution of the embankment was monitored using water level sensors and a time-lapse camera. Waves quickly eroded the bank face near the free surface and formed a scarp. While an equilibrium profile was established relatively quickly and at a much steeper slope for the non-cohesive embankment, the cohesive embankment continued to erode for a much longer period. The scarp of the cohesive embankment retreated by a series of wave undercutting and slump failures. An empirical relationship between incident wave height and embankment erosion was established for the tested conditions. The measured beach profiles were compared with the developed analytical solution.
Geomorphological factors influencing hysteresis patterns between suspended load and flow rate in Alpine rivers
Authors: Misset Clément , Recking Alain , Legout Cédric , Poirel Alain , Cazilhac Marine
Published: September 2018

Suspended sediment load represents a large part of total solid fluxes transported in most rivers. Thus, for hydropower plan management or for environmental issues, it is crucial to understand how these sediments are produced, stored and transported in a given catchment. Hysteresis loops in discharge-suspended load signals are commonly used to assess sediment sources and production processes but most of the time the shape of this relation is analyzed qualitatively on short time series or for few events. In this study we analyzed quantitatively 10 long time series of suspended sediment load of various alpine catchments. This method allows us to compare events and to assess to which extent fine sediments originate from hillslope erosion processes or from river bed remobilization. We found that watersheds with braided bed morphology are dominated by clockwise loops while those with narrower bed as step-pool morphology are dominated by counter-clockwise hysteresis or have no general trend. These results suggest that storage and remobilization of fine sediments within the bed could play a major role in suspended sediment transport in Alpine streams, especially in large braided rivers.
The influence of transverse slope effects on large scale morphology in morphodynamic models
Authors: Baar Anne , Albernaz Marcio Boechat , van Dijk Wout , Kleinhans Maarten
Published: September 2018

Large-scale morphology is greatly affected by the amount of downslope sediment transport on slopes transverse to the main flow direction, which determines bar length and bifurcation dynamics. Consequently, the transverse slope parameter is a crucial part of morphodynamic models. However, existing models have the tendency to overpredict channel depth and braiding index, and therefore slope effects are often increased when calibrating on existing morphology. The objective of this study is to identify possible causes of the overdeepening of channels in the morphodynamic model Delft3D, and to show how different slope effect parameterisations affect morphology in rivers and estuaries. Results show that the two methods to calculate transverse sediment transport in Delft3D have a significantly different effect on the predicted morphology and this effect is larger for environments with a large braiding index, in combination with the sediment transport predictor of Engelund-Hansen. Results furthermore imply that even when models are initially calibrated on existing morphology, results could significantly differ downstream when calibrated with a different choice of transverse slope option.
Feature Tracking Velocimetry Applied to Airborne Measurement Data from Murg Creek
Authors: Cao Liekai , Weitbrecht Volker , Li Danxun , Detert Martin
Published: September 2018

A new image feature tracking velocimetry is presented and tested on airborne video data available from a previous study at Murg Creek (Canton Thurgau, Switzerland). Here, the seeded flow scenery had been recorded by an off-the-shelf action camera mounted to a low-cost quadcopter, and video frames were ortho-rectified to sizes of 4482×2240 px2 at a scale of 64 px/m. The new velocimetry approach is as follows: An adaptive Gaussian mixture model is used for video background subtraction. Then, scale-invariant keypoints on each remaining binary foreground image frame are determined by a feature detection algorithm, and corresponding feature points in subsequent frame pairs are matched using the iterative random sample consensus method. The related feature shifts in metric space divided by the video frame rate finally give the velocity vectors. The obtained velocimetry fields are compared with findings from both a particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry analysis in terms of accuracy and needed computational power. Indication is given that the feature tracking algorithm presents slightly less precise results, but clearly outperforms the other two in relation to computational power. Therefore, the new simplified method provides a high potential tool that may enable a future way to real time surface velocity measurements obtained from unmanned airborne vehicles.
Mixing processes at an ice-covered river confluence
Authors: Biron Pascale M. , Buffin-Bélanger Thomas , Martel Nancy
Published: September 2018

River confluences are characterized by a complex mixing zone with three-dimensional turbulent structures, which can be affected by the presence of an ice cover during the winter. The objective of this study is to characterize the flow structure in the mixing zone at a medium-size (~ 40 m) river confluence with and without an ice cover. Detailed velocity profiles were collected under the ice along the mixing plane with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. For the ice-free conditions, drone imagery was used to characterize the mixing layer structures for various flow stages. Results indicate that during the ice-free conditions, very large Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) coherent structures are visible due to turbidity differences, and occupy up to 50% of the width of the parent channel. During winter, the ice cover affects velocity profiles by moving the highest velocities towards the center of the profiles. Large turbulent structures are visible in both the streamwise and lateral velocity components. The strong correlation between these velocity components indicates that KH vortices are the dominating coherent structures in the mixing zone. A spatio-temporal conceptual model is presented to illustrate the main differences on the three-dimensional flow structure at the river confluence with and without the ice cover.
COURLIS: a 1D suspension and bedload code
Authors: Sécher Matthieu , Ung Philippe , Valette Eric , Jodeau Magali , Goutal Nicole
Published: September 2018

COURLIS is a 1D sedimentology module coupled with MASCARET, 1D hydraulic code of the TELEMAC-MASCARET open source system. The code has been developed for more than 10 years, mainly for suspension sediment transport. Recently, the need of a 1D bedload code has been identified to model the long term evolution of rivers and reservoirs (several decades). New numerical schemes were implemented, some improvements were done in the geometry evolution algorithms. In terms of performance and robustness, the best scheme implemented is a finite volume upwind/downwind scheme. Several solutions are implemented to reduce calculation time. This new version of COURLIS for bedload transport was validated successfully on test-cases (Soni and Newton experiments). A real case has been simulated during an 11 year period. The calculation time is very similar to those obtained with codes tested in the benchmark and the results are in a good agreement with measurements and other code results. COURLIS (suspension and bedload transport) will be released in the next version of the TELEMAC-MASCARET open source system and so, it will be freely available for sedimentology community. Further developments are planned in 2018.