bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Power System Defense Strategies in an Isolated Microgrid System with High Renewable Power Generation
Authors: Wu Yuan-Kang , Tang Kuo-Ting , Lin Zheng Kuan , Tan Wen-Shan
Published: May 2020

This work develops an underfrequency preventive control strategy for an islanded power system with a high penetration of wind power generation. First, the preventive control strategy uses the frequency nadir forecasting module to analyze the frequency stability under largest diesel generator tripping (N-1) contingency events. If predicted frequency nadir is too low, four frequency support methods are then analyzed and used for preventing potential frequency stability problem. They include generator rescheduling (GR), the use of battery energy storage system (BESS), direct load control (DLC) and emergency demand response program (EDRP). In terms of the GR method, the optimal diesel generator dispatch is obtained, with sufficient frequency stability and minimal fuel cost and start-up cost. In the BESS method, the optimal instantaneous power output from BESS is obtained based on its frequency support capability. With the DLC or EDRP method, the optimal contract-based load-shedding or the load-reduction to provide frequency support is obtained, respectively. Then, the operating costs of each method to support frequency are analyzed. The research methods and simulation results are very useful to the low-frequency protection of actual power systems with high renewable power generation. This work proposed a complete defense strategy in a microgrid system. It combines GR, BESS, DLC and EDRP. Therefore, the system operators have many options to implement their defense strategies, based on the operating costs of various methods. In other words, the proposed defense strategy provides a more flexible solution for the protection of micro grids with a high renewable power penetration. Therefore, the solution considers the system safety and economical aspects.
Morphological Changes in H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells Following W-Band Millimeter-Wave Irradiation
Authors: Komoshvili Konstantin , Becker Tzippi , Levitan Jacob , Yahalom Asher , Barbora Ayan , Liberman-Aronov Stella
Published: May 2020

Efficiently targeted cancer therapy without causing detrimental side effects is necessary for alleviating patient care and improving survival rates. This paper presents observations of morphological changes in H1299 human lung cancer cells following W-band millimeter wave (MMW) irradiation (75–105 GHz) at a non-thermal power density of 0.2 mW/cm2, investigated over 14 days of subsequent physiological incubation following exposure. Microscopic analyses of the physical parameters measured indicate MMW irradiation induces significant morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis and senescence. The immediate short-term responses translate into long-term effects, retained over the duration of the experiment(s), reminiscent of the phenomenon of accelerated cellular senescence (ACS), and achieving terminal tumorigenic cell growth. Further, results were observed to be treatment specific in an energy (dose)-dependent manner and were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, or thermal ablation employed in conventional methods, thereby overcoming the associated side effects. Adaptation of the experimental parameters of this study for clinical oncology concomitant with current developmental trends of non-invasive medical endoscopy alleviates MMW therapy as an effective treatment procedure for human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Application of a Novel Film Sealant Technology for Penetrating Corneal Wounds: An Ex-Vivo Study
Authors: Tan Jackie , Foster Leslie John Ray , Watson Stephanie Louise
Published: May 2020

Aim: To compare the burst pressures of corneal wounds closed with a laser-activated, chitosan-based thin film adhesive against self-seal, sutures and cyanoacrylate. Methods: 2, 4 or 6 mm penetrating corneal wounds were created on 100 freshly enucleated bovine eyes. The wounds were closed using a laser-activated chitosan adhesive (n = 30), self-sealed (control) (n = 30), sutures (n = 20) or cyanoacrylate glue (Histoacryl®) (n = 20). The corneoscleral rim was dissected and mounted onto a custom burst pressure testing chamber. Water was pumped into the chamber at 9ml/hr. The fluid pressure prior to wound leakage was recorded as the ‘burst pressure’. Results: The burst pressure for the 2, 4 and 6 mm wounds were 239.2 mmHg (SD = ±102.4), 181.7 mmHg (SD = ±72.8) and 77.4 mmHg (SD = ±37.4) (p < 0.00001), respectively, for chitosan adhesive. Burst pressure was 36.4 mmHg (SD = ±14.7), 4.8 mmHg (SD = ±4.9) and 2.7 mmHg (SD = ±1.3) (p < 0.00001), respectively, for the self-sealed group. For 4 and 6mm wounds, burst pressures with sutures were 33.0 mmHg (SD = ±19) and 23.5 mmHg (SD = ±17.4) (p = 0.0087), respectively. For cyanoacrylate, burst pressures for 2 and 4 mm wounds were 698 mmHg (SD = ±240.3) and 494.3 mmHg (SD = ±324.6) (p = 0.020087), respectively. Conclusion: This laser-activated chitosan-based adhesive sealed bovine corneal wounds up to 6 mm in length. Burst pressure was higher for the adhesive than sutured or self-sealed wounds, but lower than for cyanoacrylate.
Characteristics of Effervescent Tablets of Lactobacilli Supplemented with Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and Polygonatum sibiricum
Authors: Zhao Feng , Li Meng , Meng Lingling , Yu Jinhan , Zhang Tiehua
Published: May 2020

Development of probiotic products has always been popular in the food industry. Considering the advantages of effervescent tablets, developing probiotic products in effervescent tablet form was conducted in this study. Besides three Lactobacillus species, whole root powders of two medicine food homology herbs, Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and Polygonatum sibiricum, were added to the formulation in equal amounts for multiple health care functions. Using the plate counting method, the viability of lactobacilli was measured. After tabletting, lactobacilli viability in tablets containing the two herbs, L-group (20 mg herbs/tablet), M-group (60 mg herbs/tablet), and H-group (100 mg herbs/tablet) was higher than that in the control (containing no herbs). After tablet disintegration, the survival rate of lactobacilli after gastrointestinal fluids treatment was measured; it was higher for the L-group and the H-group than for the control. After incubation with dissolved tablets for 1 h, the lethal rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 for tablets containing the herbs was lower than that for the control. In the organoleptic assessment test, the L-group and the control were preferred to the M-group and the H-group. During storage at 25 °C for two months, the viability of lactobacilli in tablets containing the herbs was similar to that in the control. In conclusion, the formulation of the L-group has the best characteristics.
Influence of Plasma Characteristics on the Inactivation Mechanism of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms
Authors: Govaert Marlies , Smet Cindy , L. Walsh James , Van Impe Jan F. M.
Published: May 2020

This research aimed to take a next step towards unravelling the CAP inactivation mechanism for mature (Listeria monocytogenes (Gram positive) and Salmonella Typhimurium (Gram negative)) model biofilms, which will support the further optimization this novel technology. More specifically, we examined how the inactivation mechanism was influenced by the applied processing conditions, i.e., by the electrode configuration, the composition of the gas flow, and the power of the discharge. For each combination of plasma characteristics, we examined if the applied CAP treatment had an effect on (i) the cell membrane, (ii) the intracellular DNA, and (iii) the EPS matrix. In addition, we assessed which (reactive) CAP species were responsible for this lethal/damaging effect and whether these species were able to diffuse into the deeper layers of the biofilms. The results indicated that the inactivation mechanism was indeed influenced by the applied processing conditions. Nevertheless, the bactericidal effect of CAP was always a combination of both damage to the membrane and the DNA, caused by (i) the generation of (intracellular) ROS and RNS, (ii) a drop in pH, and/or (iii) the potential generation of a small amount of UV photons. Moreover, the plasma species were able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the model biofilms and some treatment conditions resulted in an increased biofilm porosity.
The Influence of the Expansive Grout on Theoretical Bandwidth for the Measurement of Strain Waves by Borehole Tensor Strainmeters
Authors: Zhang Kanghua , Tian Jiayong , Hu Zhifei
Published: May 2020

The scattering model of incident seismic waves by an empty borehole has been presented to investigate the theoretical frequency response and the corresponding bandwidth of borehole tensor strainmeters. Inner-diameter changes of the stainless steel instrument casing are measured by horizontal extensometers (gauges), after the borehole tensor strainmeter is installed at a certain depth of the borehole and boned by expansive grout with the surrounding rock. There is, however, no answer for the difference between this case and the empty case. In this paper, the scattering model of incident elastic seismic waves by a two-ring borehole is introduced to investigate the influence of the expansive grout on theoretical bandwidth for the measurement of strain waves by borehole tensor strainmeters. The calculation of wave fields in the surrounding rock and the two rings by wave function expansion gives the inner-diameter changes of the stainless steel instrument casing. Several cases show that the mechanical parameters of the expansive grout have great influence on the frequency responses of borehole tensor strainmeters for different gauge combinations, but little influence on the bandwidth, which means that the high-frequency bandwidth promises the quantitative measurability of strain waves in the acoustical frequency range for borehole tensor strainmeters.
The Implications of Titanium Alloys Applied in Maxillofacial Osteosynthesis
Authors: Riviș Mircea , Roi Ciprian , Roi Alexandra , Nica Diana , Văleanu Adina , Rusu Laura-Cristina
Published: May 2020

Titanium alloys are known for their biological, mechanical and chemical properties, which have successfully expanded their use in the maxillofacial field. The internal fixation using titanium miniplates and screws offer a new perspective for the treatment of trauma and in orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial oncology. Although, titanium is highly recommended for its excellent biocompatibility, recent research has focused on identifying the potential local and general implications of the interactions between the human tissue and the metallic particles. This present review aims to outline the existing tissue changes, cellular alterations and future perspectives regarding the use of titanium-based alloys as osteosynthesis materials, taking into consideration the existing present debate whether the routinely removal of these materials should be an indication.
Nonlocal Fractional Boundary Value Problems Involving Mixed Right and Left Fractional Derivatives and Integrals
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Broom Abrar , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Ahmad Bashir
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for nonlocal single and multi-valued boundary value problems involving right-Caputo and left-Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives of different orders and right-left Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. The existence of solutions for the single-valued case relies on Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. The first existence results for the multi-valued case are proved by applying Bohnenblust-Karlin’s fixed point theorem, while the second one is based on Martelli’s fixed point theorem. We also demonstrate the applications of the obtained results.
Curcumin Sensitizes Kidney Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis via ROS Mediated Activation of JNK-CHOP Pathway and Upregulation of DR4
Authors: Obaidi Ismael , Cassidy Hilary , Ibáñez Gaspar Verónica , McCaul Jasmin , Higgins Michael , Halász Melinda , Reynolds Alison L. , Kennedy Breandan N. , McMorrow Tara
Published: May 2020

Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a selective anticancer cytokine capable of exerting a targeted therapy approach. Disappointingly, recent research has highlighted the development of TRAIL resistance in cancer cells, thus minimising its usefulness in clinical settings. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells can be sensitised to TRAIL through the employment of a combinatorial approach, utilizing TRAIL in conjunction with other natural or synthetic anticancer agents. In the present study, the chemo-sensitising effect of curcumin on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells (RCC) was investigated. The results indicate that exposure of kidney cancer ACHN cells to curcumin sensitised the cells to TRAIL, with the combination treatment of TRAIL and curcumin synergistically targeting the cancer cells without affecting the normal renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1) cells. Furthermore, this combination treatment was shown to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis, inhibition of the proteasome, induction of ROS, upregulation of death receptor 4 (DR4), alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. An in vivo zebrafish embryo study demonstrated the effectiveness of the combinatorial regime to inhibit tumour formation without affecting zebrafish embryo viability or development. Overall, the results arising from this study demonstrate that curcumin has the ability to sensitise TRAIL-resistant ACHN cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
Temperature Decreases Spread Parameters of the New Covid-19 Case Dynamics
Authors: Demongeot Jacques , Flet-Berliac Yannis , Seligmann Hervé
Published: May 2020

(1) Background: The virulence of coronavirus diseases due to viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV decreases in humid and hot weather. The putative temperature dependence of infectivity by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or covid-19 has a high predictive medical interest. (2) Methods: External temperature and new covid-19 cases in 21 countries and in the French administrative regions were collected from public data. Associations between epidemiological parameters of the new case dynamics and temperature were examined using an ARIMA model. (3) Results: We show that, in the first stages of the epidemic, the velocity of contagion decreases with country- or region-wise temperature. (4) Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures diminish initial contagion rates, but seasonal temperature effects at later stages of the epidemy remain questionable. Confinement policies and other eviction rules should account for climatological heterogeneities, in order to adapt the public health decisions to possible geographic or seasonal gradients.
An Array of MOX Sensors and ANNs to Assess Grated Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese Packs’ Compliance with CFPR Guidelines
Authors: Abbatangelo Marco , Núñez-Carmona Estefanía , Sberveglieri Veronica , Zappa Dario , Comini Elisabetta , Sberveglieri Giorgio
Published: May 2020

Parmigiano Reggiano cheese is one of the most appreciated Italian foods on account of its high nutrient content and taste. Due to its high cost, these characteristics make this product subject to counterfeiting in different forms. In this study, an approach based on an array of gas sensors has been employed to assess if it was possible to distinguish different samples based on their aroma. Samples were characterized in terms of rind percentage, seasoning, and rind working process. From the responses of the sensors, five features were extracted and the capability of these parameters to recognize target classes was tested with statistical analysis. Hence, the performance of the sensors’ array was quantified using artificial neural networks. To simplify the problem, a hierarchical approach has been used: three steps of classification were performed, and in each step one parameter of the grated cheese was identified (firstly, seasoning; secondly, rind working process; finally, rind percentage). The accuracies ranged from 88.24% to 100%.
Impact of Films: Changes in Young People’s Attitudes after Watching a Movie
Authors: Kubrak Tina
Published: May 2020

Nowadays films occupy a significant portion of the media products consumed by people. In Russia, cinema is being considered as a means of individual and social transformation, which makes a contribution to the formation of the Russian audience’s outlook, including their attitudes towards topical social issues. At the same time, the question of the effectiveness of films’ impact remains an open question in psychological science. According to the empirical orientation of our approach to the study of mass media influence, our goal was to obtain new data on the positive impact of films based on specific experimental research. The task was to identify changes in the attitudes of young people, as the most active viewers, towards topical social issues after watching a specifically selected film. Using a psychosemantic technique that included 25 scales designed to identify attitudes towards elderly people, respondents evaluated their various characteristics before and after watching the film. Using a number of characteristics related to the motivational, emotional and cognitive spheres, significant changes were revealed. At the same time, significant differences were found in assessments of the elderly between undergraduate students and postgraduate students. After watching the film, postgraduate students’ attitudes towards elderly people changed in a positive way, while undergraduate students’ negative assessments only worsened. The revealed opposite trends can be explained by individual differences of respondents, which include age, educational status as an indicator of individual psychological characteristics, the experience of interaction with elderly people and, as a result, attitudes towards elderly people at the time before watching the movie. The finding that previous attitudes mediate the impact of the film complements the ideas of the contribution of individual differences to media effects. Most of the changes detected immediately after watching the movie did not remain over time. A single movie viewing did not have a lasting effect on viewers’ attitudes, and it suggests the further task of identifying mechanisms of the sustainability of changes.
Comparative Study on Enzyme Immobilization Using Natural Hydrogel Matrices—Experimental Studies Supported by Molecular Models Analysis
Authors: Labus Karolina , Wolanin Kamila , Radosiński Łukasz
Published: May 2020

Currently, great attention is focused on conducting manufacture processes using clean and eco-friendly technologies. This research trend also relates to the production of immobilized biocatalysts of industrial importance using matrices and methods that fulfill specified operational and environmental requirements. For that reason, hydrogels of natural origin and the entrapment method become increasingly popular in terms of enzyme immobilization. The presented work is the comparative research on invertase immobilization using two natural hydrogel matrices—alginate and gelatin. During the study, we provided the molecular insight into the structural characteristics of both materials regarding their applicability as effective enzyme carriers. In order to confirm our predictions of using these hydrogels for invertase immobilization, we performed the typical experimental studies. In this case, the appropriate conditions of enzyme entrapment were selected for both types of carrier. Next, the characterization of received invertase preparations was made. As a final experimental result, the gelatin-based hydrogel was selected as an effective carrier for invertase immobilization. Hereby, using mild conditions and a pro-ecological, biodegradable matrix, it was possible to obtain very stable and reactive biocatalyst. The choice of gelatin-immobilized invertase preparation was compatible with our predictions based on the molecular models of hydrogel matrices and enzyme used.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kumaravel Vignesh , Kang Misook
Published: May 2020

Solar energy conversion is one of the sustainable technologies that tackles the global warming and energy crisis [...]
Current Trends in MXene-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion System: A Mini Review
Authors: Kannan Karthik , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Kumar Bijandra
Published: May 2020

MXene is deemed to be one of the best attentive materials in an extensive range of applications due to its stupendous optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Several MXene-based nanomaterials with extraordinary characteristics have been proposed, prepared, and practiced as a catalyst due to its two-dimensional (2D) structure, large specific surface area, facile decoration, and high adsorption capacity. This review summarizes the synthesis and characterization studies, and the appropriate applications in the catalysis field, exclusively in the energy storage systems. Ultimately, we also discussed the encounters and prospects for the future growth of MXene-based nanomaterials as an efficient candidate in developing efficient energy storage systems. This review delivers crucial knowledge within the scientific community intending to design efficient energy storage systems.
Co-immobilization of an Enzyme System on a Metal-Organic Framework to Produce a More Effective Biocatalyst
Authors: Ahmad Raneem , Shanahan Jordan , Rizaldo Sydnie , Kissel Daniel S. , Stone Kari L.
Published: May 2020

In many respects, enzymes offer advantages over traditional chemical processes due to their decreased energy requirements for function and inherent greener processing. However, significant barriers exist for the utilization of enzymes in industrial processes due to their limited stabilities and inability to operate over larger temperature and pH ranges. Immobilization of enzymes onto solid supports has gained attention as an alternative to traditional chemical processes due to enhanced enzymatic performance and stability. This study demonstrates the co-immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzyme system on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2, that produces a more effective biocatalyst as shown by the oxidation of pyrogallol. The two MOFs utilized as solid supports for immobilization were chosen to investigate how modifications of the MOF linker affect stability at the enzyme/MOF interface and subsequent activity of the enzyme system. The enzymes work in concert with activation of HRP through the addition of glucose as a substrate for GOx. Enzyme immobilization and leaching studies showed HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 immobilized 6% more than HRP/GOx@UiO-66, and leached only 36% of the immobilized enzymes over three days in the solution. The enzyme/MOF composites also showed increased enzyme activity in comparison with the free enzyme system: the composite HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 displayed 189 U/mg activity and HRP/GOx@UiO-66 showed 143 U/mg while the free enzyme showed 100 U/mg enzyme activity. This increase in stability and activity is due to the amine group of the MOF linker in HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 enhancing electrostatic interactions at the enzyme/MOF interface, thereby producing the most stable biocatalyst material in solution. The HRP/GOx@UiO-66-NH2 also showed long-term stability in the solid state for over a month at room temperature.
Investigation of the Synergistic Effect of Sonolysis and Photocatalysis of Titanium Dioxide for Organic Dye Degradation
Authors: Choi Yunseok , Lee Daein , Hong Sungje , Khan Sovann , Darya Burak , Lee Jae-Young , Chung Jaewon , Cho So-Hye
Published: May 2020

Herein, we report the effect of sonoluminescence and an initial dye concentration on the sonophotocatalysis of TiO2 for the degradation of eosin B, a textile dye. We first investigated the light illuminated during ultrasound irradiation (sonoluminescence) by photographic images, a radical indicator (luminol), and photoluminescence spectra of the detection range of 300–1050 nm. Next, we examined the synergistic effect of sonolysis on photocatalysis by comparing the dye degradation of sonophotocatalysis to that of individual contributions of sonolysis and photocatalysis. Since it was found that the synergist effect is highly engaged with a dye concentration and sonication power, we conducted the comparison test in different concentrations of eosin B (5 and 20 mg/L) and ultrasound powers (35.4, 106.1, and 176.8 W/cm2). When the concentration of dyes was low, negative synergistic effects were found at all ultrasound powers, whereas at the high concentration, positive synergistic effects were observed at high ultrasound power. This difference in synergistic effects was explained by the influence of ultrasound on dynamics of dye adsorption on the TiO2 surface.
Selective Production of Acetic Acid via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Hexoses over Potassium Salts
Authors: Kang Wenyue , Zhang Zhijun
Published: May 2020

Glucose and fructose are widely available and renewable resources. They were used to prepare acetic acid (AA) under the catalysis of potassium acetate (KAc) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA result showed that the KAc addition lowered the glucose’s thermal decomposition temperatures (about 30 °C for initial decomposition temperature and 40 °C for maximum mass loss rate temperature), implying its promotion of glucose’s decomposition. The Py-GC/MS tests illustrated that the KAc addition significantly altered the composition and distribution of hexose pyrolysis products. The maximum yield of AA was 52.1% for the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of glucose/KAc (1:0.25 wt/wt) mixtures at 350 °C for 30 s. Under the same conditions, the AA yield obtained from fructose was 48% and it increased with the increasing amount of KAc. When the ratio reached to 1:1, the yield was 53.6%. In comparison, a study of in situ and on-line catalytic methods showed that KAc can not only catalyze the primary cracking of glucose, but also catalyze the cracking of a secondary pyrolysis stream. KAc plays roles in both physical heat transfer and chemical catalysis.
Synthesis of a 5-Carboxy Indole-Based Spiropyran Fluorophore: Thermal, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Bovine Serum Albumin Interaction Investigations
Authors: da Costa Duarte Rodrigo , da Silveira Santos Fabiano , Bercini de Araújo Bruno , Cercena Rodrigo , Brondani Daniela , Zapp Eduardo , Fernando Bruno Gonçalves Paulo , Severo Rodembusch Fabiano , Gonçalves Dal-Bó Alexandre
Published: May 2020

In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately 300 nm, demonstrating slight solvatochromism (~3 nm). A fluorescent emission around 360 nm was observed with a higher solvatochromic effect (~12 nm), indicating higher electronic delocalization in the excited state. The photoreversibility of the open and closed forms of spiropyran excited at 300 nm and 365 nm was not observed, indicating that the absence of the nitro group plays a fundamental role in this equilibrium. Theoretical calculations were also applied for better understanding the photophysics of these compounds. Electrochemical characterization revealed the values of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels at −1.89 eV (electron affinity) and −5.61 eV (ionization potential), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed excellent thermal stability of the spiropyran, with 5% weight loss at approximately 250 °C. Finally, the photophysical features were used to explore the interaction of spiropyran with bovine serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution, where a significant suppression mechanism was observed.
Male Breast Cancer: Results of the Application of Multigene Panel Testing to an Italian Cohort of Patients
Authors: Tedaldi Gianluca , Tebaldi Michela , Zampiga Valentina , Cangini Ilaria , Pirini Francesca , Ferracci Elisa , Danesi Rita , Arcangeli Valentina , Ravegnani Mila , Martinelli Giovanni , Falcini Fabio , Ulivi Paola , Calistri Daniele
Published: May 2020

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. In MBC, genetic predisposition plays an important role; however, only a few studies have investigated in depth the role of genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2. We performed a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis with a panel of 94 cancer predisposition genes on germline DNA from an Italian case series of 70 patients with MBC. Moreover, we searched for large deletions/duplications of BRCA1/2 genes through the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique. Through the combination of NGS and MLPA, we identified three pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 gene and six in the BRCA2 gene. Besides these alterations, we found six additional pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, RAD51C, BAP1 and EGFR genes. From our study, BRCA1 and BRCA2 emerge as the main genes associated with MBC risk, but also other genes seem to be associated with the disease. Indeed, some of these genes have already been implicated in female breast cancer predisposition, but others are known to be involved in other types of cancer. Consequently, our results suggest that novel genes could be involved in MBC susceptibility, shedding new light on their role in cancer development.
Paper-Based Detection Device for Alzheimer’s Disease—Detecting β-amyloid Peptides (1–42) in Human Plasma
Authors: Sung Wei-Hsuan , Hung Jung-Tung , Lu Yu-Jen , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: May 2020

The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is frequently missed or delayed in clinical practice. To remedy this situation, we developed a screening, paper-based (P-ELISA) platform to detect β-amyloid peptide 1–42 (Aβ42) and provide rapid results using a small volume, easily accessible plasma sample instead of cerebrospinal fluid. The protocol outlined herein only requires 3 μL of sample per well and a short operating time (i.e., only 90 min). The detection limit of Aβ42 is 63.04 pg/mL in a buffer system. This P-ELISA-based approach can be used for early, preclinical stage AD screening, including screening for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. It may also be used for treatment and stage monitoring purposes. The implementation of this approach may provide tremendous impact for an afflicted population and may well prompt additional and expanded efforts in both academic and commercial communities.
Immunohistochemical Features of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) in Various Types of Lymphoma: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Kim Mee-seon , Park Tae In , Son Shin-Ah , Lee Hyoun Wook
Published: May 2020

Indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes amino acid tryptophan to L-kynurenine. IDO is overexpressed in various cancers and several IDO inhibitors have been assessed in multiple clinical trials. If an IDO inhibitor is to be commercialized, IDO immunohistochemistry will be an important method. In this study, 80% (28/35) of mature T- and natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms showed positivity for IDO protein (score 1: five, score 2: one, score 3: seven, score 4: fifteen). In addition, 29.9% (23/77) of mature B-cell lymphomas showed positivity for IDO protein (score 1: three, score 2: tewelve, score 3: four, score 4: four). In mature B-cell lymphomas, 95.7% (22/23) of IDO positive cases were diffuse B-cell lymphomas. Our study includes various types of lymphoma that were previously unreported and shows various patterns of IDO stain according to the type. When the results are accumulated, IDO immunohistochemistry will be a useful tool to diagnose lymphomas and to predict their prognosis.
Do Remittances Promote Economic Growth and Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Latin American Countries
Authors: Ekanayake E. M. , Moslares Carlos
Published: May 2020

In this study, we explore the hypotheses that (a) workers’ remittances enhance economic growth in Latin American countries, and (b) workers’ remittances help reduce poverty in Latin American countries. In recent decades, workers’ remittances have become an important source of income for many developing countries and, as a global aggregate, workers’ remittances are the largest source of foreign financing after foreign direct investment. This paper analyzes the effects of workers’ remittances on economic growth and poverty in 21 Latin American countries. The study uses annual data covering all Latin American countries for the period 1980–2018. We employ panel least squares and panel fully-modified least squares (FMOLS) methods. In addition, we estimate the short-run and long-run effects of workers’ remittances on economic growth and poverty on individual countries with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL-ECM) approach to co-integration analysis. The results reveal that workers’ remittances have a positive effect on long-run economic growth in the majority of the countries studied, but have mixed effects in the short-run. They also suggest that workers’ remittances tend to lower poverty rates in Latin America.
Concept Mapping in Magnetism and Electrostatics: Core Concepts and Development over Time
Authors: Thurn Christian M. , Hänger Brigitte , Kokkonen Tommi
Published: May 2020

Conceptual change theories assume that knowledge structures grow during the learning process but also get reorganized. Yet, this reorganization process itself is hard to examine. By using concept maps, we examined the changes in students’ knowledge structures and linked it to conceptual change theory. In a longitudinal study, thirty high-achieving students (M = 14.41 years) drew concept maps at three timepoints across a teaching unit on magnetism and electrostatics. In total, 87 concept maps were analyzed using betweenness and PageRank centrality as well as a clustering algorithm. We also compared the students’ concept maps to four expert maps on the topic. Besides a growth of the knowledge network, the results indicated a reorganization, with first a fragmentation during the unit, followed by an integration of knowledge at the end of the unit. Thus, our analysis revealed that the process of conceptual change on this topic was non-linear. Moreover, the terms used in the concept maps varied in their centrality, with more abstract terms being more central and thus more important for the structure of the map. We also suggest ideas for the usage of concept maps in class.
Social Network Analysis Based Localization Technique with Clustered Closeness Centrality for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ahmad Tanveer , Li Xue Jun , Seet Boon-Chong , Cano Juan-Carlos
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we proposed a new wireless localization technique based on the ideology of social network analysis (SNA), to study the different properties of networks as a graph. Centrality is a main concept in SNA, so we propose using closeness centrality (CC) as a measurement to denote the importance of the node inside the network due to its geo-location to others. The node with highest degree of CC is chosen as a cluster heads, then each cluster head can form its trilateration process to collect data from its cluster. The selection of closest cluster based on CC values, and the unknown node’s location can be estimated through the trilateration process. To form a perfect trilateration, the cluster head chooses three anchor nodes. The proposed algorithm provides high accuracy even in different network topologies like concave shape, O shape, and C shape as compared to existing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) techniques. Matlab simulation results based on practical radio propagation data sets showed a localization error of 0.32 m with standard deviation of 0.26 m.
A Survey on LiDAR Scanning Mechanisms
Authors: Raj Thinal , Hashim Fazida Hanim , Huddin Aqilah Baseri , Ibrahim Mohd Faisal , Hussain Aini
Published: May 2020

In recent years, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology has gained huge popularity in various applications such as navigation, robotics, remote sensing, and advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). This popularity is mainly due to the improvements in LiDAR performance in terms of range detection, accuracy, power consumption, as well as physical features such as dimension and weight. Although a number of literatures on LiDAR technology have been published earlier, not many has been reported on the state-of-the-art LiDAR scanning mechanisms. The aim of this article is to review the scanning mechanisms employed in LiDAR technology from past research works to the current commercial products. The review highlights four commonly used mechanisms in LiDAR systems: Opto-mechanical, electromechanical, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and solid-state scanning. The study reveals that electro-mechanical scanning is the most prominent technology in use today. The commercially available 1D time of flight (TOF) LiDAR instrument is currently the most attractive option for conversion from 1D to 3D LiDAR system, provided that low scanning rate is not an issue. As for applications with low size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements, MEMS scanning is found to be the better alternative. MEMS scanning is by far the more matured technology compared to solid-state scanning and is currently given great emphasis to increase its robustness for fulfilling the requirements of ADAS applications. Finally, solid-state LiDAR systems are expected to fill in the gap in ADAS applications despite the low technology readiness in comparison to MEMS scanners. However, since solid-state scanning is believed to have superior robustness, field of view (FOV), and scanning rate potential, great efforts are given by both academics and industries to further develop this technology.
Face Attribute Modification Using Fine-Tuned Attribute-Modification Network
Authors: Islam Naeem Ul , Park Jaebyung
Published: May 2020

Multi-domain image-to-image translation with the desired attributes is an important approach for modifying single or multiple attributes of a face image, but is still a challenging task in the computer vision field. Previous methods were based on either attribute-independent or attribute-dependent approaches. The attribute-independent approach, in which the modification is performed in the latent representation, has performance limitations because it requires paired data for changing the desired attributes. In contrast, the attribute-dependent approach is effective because it can modify the required features while maintaining the information in the given image. However, the attribute-dependent approach is sensitive to attribute modifications performed while preserving the face identity, and requires a careful model design for generating high-quality results. To address this problem, we propose a fine-tuned attribute modification network (FTAMN). The FTAMN comprises a single generator and two discriminators. The discriminators use the modified image in two configurations with the binary attributes to fine tune the generator such that the generator can generate high-quality attribute-modification results. Experimental results obtained using the CelebA dataset verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FTAMN for editing multiple facial attributes while preserving the other details.
A Quadratic Fractional Map without Equilibria: Bifurcation, 0–1 Test, Complexity, Entropy, and Control
Authors: Ouannas Adel , Khennaoui Amina-Aicha , Momani Shaher , Grassi Giuseppe , Pham Viet-Thanh , El-Khazali Reyad , Vo Hoang Duy
Published: May 2020

Fractional calculus in discrete-time systems is a recent research topic. The fractional maps introduced in the literature often display chaotic attractors belonging to the class of “self-excited attractors”. The field of fractional map with “hidden attractors” is completely unexplored. Based on these considerations, this paper presents the first example of fractional map without equilibria showing a number of hidden attractors for different values of the fractional order. The presence of the chaotic hidden attractors is validated via the computation of bifurcation diagrams, maximum Lyapunov exponent, 0–1 test, phase diagrams, complexity, and entropy. Finally, an active controller with the aim for stabilizing the proposed fractional map is successfully designed.
The Need for Cooperative Automated Driving
Authors: Mertens Jan Cedric , Knies Christian , Diermeyer Frank , Escherle Svenja , Kraus Sven
Published: May 2020

In this paper we describe cooperation and social dilemmas in multiagent systems, with an analogy applied to road traffic. Cooperative human drivers, based on their perception of trust and fairness, find efficient solutions for such dilemmas. In the development of automated vehicles (AVs) it is therefore important to ensure that this cooperative ability is maintained even without a human driver. Therefore, the topic of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) is discussed in detail and different characteristics of cooperation and their implementation are derived. Further, three planning levels with the corresponding communication techniques are discussed and several methods for maneuver planning are listed. All in all, we hope that this paper will allow us to better classify different cooperative scenarios, develop novel approaches for cooperative AVs (CAVs), and emphasize the need for cooperative driving.
Automated Spatiotemporal Classification Based on Smartphone App Logs
Authors: Kang Shinjin , Kim Youngbin , Kim Sookyun
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a framework for user app behavior analysis using an automated supervised learning method in smartphone environments is proposed. This framework exploits the collective location data of users and their smartphone app logs. Based on these two datasets, the framework determines the apps with a high probability of usage in a geographic area. The framework extracts the app-usage behavior data of a mobile user from an Android phone and transmits them to a server. The server learns the representative trajectory patterns of the user by combining the collected app usage patterns and trajectory data. The proposed method performs supervised learning with automated labeled trajectory data using the user app data. Furthermore, it uses the behavioral characteristics data of users linked to the app usage data by area without a labeling cost.
A Very Low Complexity QRD-M MIMO Detection Based on Adaptive Search Area
Authors: Kim Bong-seok , Kim Sang-Dong , Na Dongjun , Choi Kwonhue
Published: May 2020

We propose a low complexity QR decomposition (QRD)-M multiple input multiple output (MIMO) detection algorithm based on adaptive search area. Unlike the conventional QRD-M MIMO detection algorithm, which determines the next survivor path candidates after searching over the entire constellation points at each detection layer, the proposed algorithm adaptively restricts the search area to the minimal neighboring constellation points of the estimated QRD symbol according to the instantaneous channel condition at each layer. First, we set up an adaptation rule for search area using two observations that inherently reflect the instantaneous channel condition, that is, the diagonal terms of the channel upper triangle matrix after QR decomposition and Euclidean distance between the received symbol vector and temporarily estimated symbol vector by QRD detection. In addition, it is found that the performance of the QRD-M algorithm degrades when the diagonal terms of the channel upper triangle matrix instantaneously decrease. To overcome this problem, the proposed algorithm employs the ratio of each diagonal term and total diagonal terms. Moreover, the proposed algorithm further decreases redundant complexity by considering the location of initial detection symbol in constellation. By doing so, the proposed algorithm effectively achieves performance near to the maximum likelihood detection algorithm, while maintaining the overall average computation complexity much lower than that of the conventional QRD-M systems. Especially, the proposed algorithm achieves reduction of 76% and 26% computational complexity with low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and high SNR, compared with the adaptive QRD-M algorithm based on noise power. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves both low complexity and lower symbol error rate compared with the fixed QRD-M algorithms.
Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality in a 7-Year Rotation of Willow Cultivated on Marginal Soil
Authors: Stolarski Mariusz Jerzy , Szczukowski Stefan , Krzyżaniak Michał , Tworkowski Józef
Published: May 2020

Bioenergy plays a major role as a renewable energy source in the European Union. Solid biomass is derived mainly as wood from forests and wood processing plants. Willow plantations set up on marginal lands can be a supplementary source of wood for energy generation. This study aimed to determine the energy value of yield and the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of the biomass of 7-year rotation willow harvested on marginal soil. Three varieties and three clones were cultivated in the Eko-Salix system on three marginal soils in northern Poland: riparian, alluvial soil, classified as heavy complete humic alluvial soil (Obory); organic, peat–muck soil formed from peat (Kocibórz); very heavy mineral clay soil (Leginy). Favourable conditions for obtaining high energy value biomass were at Kocibórz and Obory with a high groundwater level. The energy value of biomass at Leginy was lower than at Kocibórz and Obory (by 33% and 26%, respectively). The Ekotur variety had the significantly highest yield energy value (217 GJ ha−1 year−1) among the varieties and clones under study. This feature at Kocibórz and Obory was 288 and 225 GJ ha−1 year−1, respectively, and 139 GJ ha−1 year−1 at Leginy. Moreover, the biomass of this variety contained less ash (1.1% d.m.), sulphur (0.03% d.m.) and nitrogen (0.28% d.m.), which is beneficial from the energy-use perspective. Notably, the yield energy value of the UWM 095 clone biomass was also high (167 GJ ha−1 year−1). This study showed that willow grown in the Eco-Salix system can be a significant source of energy contained in good-quality woody biomass.
Energy Disaggregation Using Two-Stage Fusion of Binary Device Detectors
Authors: Schirmer Pascal A. , Mporas Iosif , Sheikh-Akbari Akbar
Published: May 2020

A data-driven methodology to improve the energy disaggregation accuracy during Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring is proposed. In detail, the method uses a two-stage classification scheme, with the first stage consisting of classification models processing the aggregated signal in parallel and each of them producing a binary device detection score, and the second stage consisting of fusion regression models for estimating the power consumption for each of the electrical appliances. The accuracy of the proposed approach was tested on three datasets—ECO (Electricity Consumption & Occupancy), REDD (Reference Energy Disaggregation Data Set), and iAWE (Indian Dataset for Ambient Water and Energy)—which are available online, using four different classifiers. The presented approach improves the estimation accuracy by up to 4.1% with respect to a basic energy disaggregation architecture, while the improvement on device level was up to 10.1%. Analysis on device level showed significant improvement of power consumption estimation accuracy especially for continuous and nonlinear appliances across all evaluated datasets.