bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Épitomé des gestes des rois de France (Lyon, par Balthazar Arnoullet, 1546)
Authors: Lejeune Maud
Published: November 2023

L’Épitomé des gestes des 58 roys de France, paru à Lyon en 1546, est une édition illustrée pionnière sur le plan technique. Dans le royaume de France, c’est la première à associer sur une feuille imprimée caractères typographiques en relief et gravures d’illustration en creux. Cette étude vise à examiner précisément les exemplaires subsistants pour éclairer les difficultés techniques rencontrées par l’imprimeur-libraire Balthazar Arnoullet et son atelier. Arnoullet est en effet intéressé par ce type d’expérimentation technique et graphique, ce que révèle l’examen de sa production éditoriale. De même, la cité de Lyon se singularise dans ce genre d’expérimentation, depuis plusieurs décennies. Elle est, rappelons-le, la première ville à imprimer un livre illustré dans le royaume de France (1478). Cette étude vise aussi à examiner la suite qui sera donnée à cette édition pionnière.
Attitude, awareness and recommendations regarding fortified food usage amongst Health Care Professionals of Punjab.
Authors: Wardah Nisar  , Rabbiya Sarwar  , Shahid Nabi  , Zainab Bilal Malik  , Shamaila Zamir
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Fortification is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of one or more micronutrients i.e., vitamins and minerals in a food or condiment to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health. As well as increasing the nutritional content of staple foods, the addition of micronutrients can help to restore the micronutrient content lost during processing.

Objectives: To assess attitude about fortified foods, awareness regarding usage of fortified food and related recommendations amongst health care professionals of Punjab.

Place and duration of study: All districts of Punjab (Total of 36 districts). The study was carried out from 1st September 2019 to 1st March 2020.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study in which total 360 MBBS doctors, nurses, mid wives, lady health care workers from 36 districts of Punjab were taken as sample. A questionnaire highlighting attitude and awareness regarding fortified food consumption amongst health professionals and their recommendations for selection of vehicle and fortificants were used as data collection tool. Data was entered in SPSS version 26.0. For demonstration of attitude related to fortified food, preferred fortificants along with their vehicle and recommended vehicles for fortification, bar chats were used. For quantitative variables frequency and percentages were applied.

Results: Supplements were preferred over consumption of fortified foods by most of the health care professionals i.e.  MBBS doctors, nurses and lady health workers. Whereas, midwives were of the opinion that fortified food should be used rather than supplements. Furthermore, probiotics, calcium, iodine, iron, omega three, vitamin A and vitamin C were least known fortificants amongst health care professionals.

Conclusion: Food fortification is one of the best tools to prevent micro and macronutrients related diseases and illnesses. Most of the health professionals were only aware about fortification of calcium, iodine, vitamin D and iron and their most preferred vehicle for fortification were oil/ghee, juices, bread and water. It is recommended to opt mandatory fortification approaches to be launched legally and strict check and balance regarding their implementation to minimize the disease burden and to improve the immunity of our population. 

Keywords: Attitude, Awareness, Fortified food, Fortificants, Fortification vehicles, Health Care Professionals.
Technical Considerations and Complication of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage: A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Muhammad Tayyab Zia  , Ahmed Zia ud Din  , Abdullah Saeed  , Sadia Abdullah  , Muhammad Junaid Tahir
Published: November 2023

Introduction: With comparable outcomes, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is the preferred method for relieving biliary obstruction when the gold standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) fails or is not practicable.

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications of PTBD.

Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in Radiology Department of Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan from 29th February 2020 to 1st November 2021.

Material & Methods: In this study, consecutive PTBD procedures performed from 29th February 2020 to 1st November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We collected data including patients' age, gender, diagnosis, indications, prior ERCP performance, preoperative and post operative bilirubin, and complications. Technical success, clinical success, and complications were documented. SPSS Version 26 was used for data entry and analysis, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: A total of 96 procedures were performed in 64 patients with the mean age of 52 years (range: 20 - 91 years). Out of 96, 66 (68.8%) procedures were performed in malignant obstruction with most common cause being cholangiocarcinoma (24%). Technical success was achieved in100% of the cases while clinical success rate was 90.6%. In total 96 procedures, 7 complications were reported. Major complication rate was 5.2%. These included 2 cases of post-procedure cholangitis (2.1%), 2 cases of acute pancreatitis (2.1%), and a case of bilio-venous fistula (1%). Minor complication rate (including 2 cases of pericatheter leakage) was 2.1%.

Conclusion: PTBD is a reliable and effective procedure. In general, complication rate after PTBD is not high, and the patients having malignant disease were more prone to the complications.
Medical Students’ Perception Regarding Community Medicine as a Subject and a Career Option Amongst Medical Colleges of Lahore City
Authors: Hamna Azhar  , Izzah Baig  , Fareha Azam  , Jannat Ehsan  , Danyal Faisal  , Zainab Omer
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Community medicine is an integral part of the healthcare profession, and inculcates the knowledge and skills needed to solve health issues in society.

Aims & Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the perception of medical students about community medicine as a subject and as a career path between government and private sector colleges.

Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at CMH Lahore Medical College and Shaikh Khalifa bin Zayed AlNahyan Medical And Dental College for a dutration of 6 monthsfrom December 2021 till May 2022..

Material & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted on fourth and final-year students from medical colleges in the private and public sectors. The survey was conducted through the “Google Forms” application through a self-made questionnaire with a sample size of 421. The survey consisted of three sections. Section one pertained to the demographic information, whereas section 2 and 3 pertained to the perception of community medicine as a subject and as a career, respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Majority of participants in the study were females (59%). Half of the participants (50%) agreed that community medicine is related to health-related issues and the majority (40%) believed that it is integral for solving problems at a community level. However, most participants (57%) reported that they would not opt for community medicine as a career. The contributing factors were reported to be less fame (66%) and salary (61%).

Conclusion: Students showed a good understanding and perception of community medicine as a subject. However, they are reluctant to pursue it as a career.
Early Postoperative Pain in Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment Versus Open Fistulectomy
Authors: Maham Qazi  , Danyal Anwar Shiraz  , Ch Muhammad Aqeel  , Pir Muneeb Rehman  , Fawad Hameed  , Mohammad Aslam
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Anal fistulas are chronic anorectal infections with constant pus containing discharge from the perianal region which can only be treated surgically.

Aims & Objectives: To compare mean duration of post-operative pain in patients undergoing video-assisted treatment (VAAFT) with patients who were cared for with an open fistulectomy.

Place and Duration of Study: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Surgical Department of Chaudhry Mohammad Akram Hospital, Lahore from 1st March 2022 to 31st August 2022. After necessary permission and approval from Ethics Committee and Research Department of Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. 60 patients who were assessed according to inclusion criteria of this study were taken.

Materials and Methods: 60 patients of both genders who had presenting complaint of anal fistula were randomly assigned to two groups ( n=30) each. Group A were provided video-assisted fistula treatment and Group B with open fistulectomy approach. Physiological parameters as age, BMI and importantly postoperative pain were observed on 2nd day post procedure. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data, P-value<0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: The range of age included was from 18 to 50 years with mean age of 38.6+5.8 years in group A and 40.933+5.4 years in group B (p=0.11), mean duration of anal fistula was 9.13+1.8 weeks in group A and 9.06+2.1 weeks in group B(P=0.89). Patients in group A had a mean BMI of 27.1±1.62 Kg/m² while patients in group B had a mean BMI of 27.5±1.73 Kg/m² (p=0.36). The mean duration of each procedure was 21.4+1.37 minutes in group A and 38.300+1.46 minutes in group B(p<0.001). Mean postoperative pain was 0.333±0.09 on VAS score in group having VAAFT and 2.200±0.18 in group having open fistulectomy (p<0.001).

Conclusion: In comparison with conventional fistulectomy, VAAFT seems to be superior with almost no complications post operatively and less pain.
Diet in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Is There An Association?A Hospital Based Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Zoofishan Imran  , Umer Saeed Ansari  , Shamim Akram  , Shehla Javaid  , Hifza Noor Lodhi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Preeclampsia has been rated amongst leading causes of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality but its etiology still remains not very clear.

Aims & Objectives: To study the association of intake of certain food items with preeclampsia.

Place and duration of study: This was a matched case-control study, carried out in tertiary care hospitals of Lahore during February 2019 to March 2020.

Material & Methods: One hunded and thirty-two subjects were recruited based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Matching was done for age, gestational period, parity, education status, and income status. Information on consumption of various food items was recorded on food frequency questionnaire and results were analyzed to determine risk of developing preeclampsia by computing Odds Ratio. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 20., p value ? 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Milk, meat and fruits consumption in study group did not show statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 0.51, 0.69, 1.75 and p-value=0.194, 0.211, 0.114 respectively), while consumption of green leafy vegetables shows statistically significant difference between Cases and Control. Higher risk of developing preeclampsia was seen in Cases with deficient intake of green leafy vegetables than in Controls with regular intake (Odds ratio=3.51 and p-value=0.001).

Conclusion: Deficient consumption of green leafy vegetables is associated with higher risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Heavy Metal Ion and Haptoglobin Association with Career Duration in Pharmaceutical Industries: A Potential Occupational Hazard?
Authors: Uzma Jabbar  , Muniza Qayyum  , Rukhshan Khurshid  , Maira Mahmood
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Due to the increase growth of industrialization, the problem of environmental pollution has increased worldwide.

Aims & Objectives: A cross-sectional comparative study was designed to find out association between heavy metal ion (lead & nickel), haptoglobin and years of working in Pharmaceutical inddustries.

Place and duration of study: Pharmaceutical industry located at Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate Kot Lakhpat, Lahore, Punjab. Duration of study was January 2019 to June 2019.

Material & Methods: A total of 58 workers of a pharmaceutical industry were included in the study.35 age matched subjects with no history of any disease were taken as controls. A brief questionnaire was filled by each participant. Heavy metals present in serum sample of patients were digested by concentrated Nitric Acid. The digested samples were analyzed to estimate the level of lead and nickel using atomic absorption spectrophotometry available at the Department of IMBB University of Lahore.Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 20, p ? 0.05  was taken as significant.

Results: Mean age of workers was 40.64 years with BMI 23.52 kg/m2. Their work of experience or duration of work in industries was 1-5 years, 6-10 years and > 10 years. Majority had dry cough followed by running nose, breathless end of day and headache. Levels of lead, nickel and haptoglobin was significantly raised compared to controls. Association of lead and nickel exposure with years of working experience showed that with increasing working experience or duration of workers the levels of lead and haptoglobin was markedly raise (5.9 ± 2.8 mg/l) as compared to the level of nickel (2.58 ± 1.05 mg/l).

Conclusion: Exposure of lead and nickel increases the level of haptoglobin and causes health issue in the workers of Pharmaceutical factors. Levels of these heavy metals increased in circulation of workers with the increasing of their duration of work or work experience.
An Indigenous Study on The Palmaris Longus Muscle Anatomical Variations
Authors: Alvia Batool  , Faizia Batool  , Afifa Waseem  , Saira Munawar  , Maryam Fatima
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The Palmaris longus muscle is one of the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm that flexes the hand on the wrist and makes the palmar aponeurosis tense for gripping. It is variable both in number and form like inverted, doubled, split, three-headed or absent palmaris longus. These variabilities may cause clinical features due to abnormal pressure on the median and ulnar nerves. Its tendon can be used as a graft in various transplant surgeries.
Aims & Objectives: This study was conducted to observethe number of cadavers showing anatomical variations of palmaris longus muscle in the Pakistani population.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Anatomy Department of FMHCM&D, Lahore. The duration of the study was January 2019 - January 2022.
Material & Methods: Cadaveric dissected upper limb specimens with normal palmaris longus were listed in Group: A, upper limbs having reversed palmaris longus were listed in Group: B, while upper limbs with absent palmaris longus were listed in Group: C. The RPL (reversed palmaris longus) muscle is the structure that is tendinous proximally and muscular distally (opposite of normal palmaris longus).Results were tabulated and percentages calculated.
Results: It was observed that out of 80 dissected cadaveric upper limbs,77 (96.25%) showed normal palmaris longus while a right cadaveric upper limb (1.25%) showed anomalous palmaris longus with the reversed tendon. Palmaris longus muscle was found absent in two cadaveric left upper limbs (2.5%).
Conclusion: Our study highlighted the percentage of different anatomical variations of the Palmaris longus muscle in terms of its presence with reversed tendons as well as its absence in a few human cadaveric upper limbs. This information may help anatomists, radiologists, physiotherapists and plastic surgeons.
Emblica officinalis Reduces Copper Mediated Inflammation And Preserves Liver Morphology InThe Murine Model
Authors: Zulfiqar Hadia , Muhammad Suhail  , Amna Rehman  , Afifa Waseem  , Faeza Rauf  , Hafiza Sadia Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Copper (Cu) is a metal widely used in agriculture and in industries. Its hepatotoxicity is established in literature. Emblica officinalis, locally known as Amla, has many beneficial health effects and is scientifically reported to be a powerful antioxidant.
Aim & Objective: To determine the role of Emblica officinalis fruit in reducing Cu induced inflammation and distortion of hepatic lobules of adult albino rats.
Place and duration of Study: The study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Medical College, Lahore for a period of 4 weeks.
Material & Methods: 36 Adult male albino rats were equally divided into three groups (A, B, C) by randomization and acclimatized for 1 week. 1.5 ml of normal saline was given to rats of Group A (control) and CuSO4 (200mg/kg b.w./day) was given to those in group B (Cu treated) once daily via orogastric tube. Rats in group C (Cu+EO treated) were given both CuSO4 (200mg/kg bw) and Emblica officinalis fruit extract (300mg/kg bw) once daily by orogastric intubation. The animals were sacrificed after 28 days and livers were dissected out for histological study. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Cu treated rats developed significant distortion of liver architecture and inflammation while Emblica officinalis co-treatment lead to decreased inflammation with preservation of shape of hepatic lobule. These findings were further confirmed by difference in diameters of hepatic lobules between control, Cu-, Cu+EO- treated groups.
Conclusion: Emblica officinalis, by limiting oxidative damage, ameliorates hepatic inflammation and preserves liver architecture. Therefore, its use as a hepatoprotective agent should be encouraged.
Development Of Inhibitors In Hemophilia A Patients Receiving Different Treatment Options
Authors: Imitiaz Isma , Minhas Aiman Mahmood , Ayesha Younus  , Usman Imtiaz  , Hareem Noor  , Ayisha Imran
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in Pakistan. Apart from frequent bleeds and joint deformities, the formation of inhibitors is the major complication of hemophilia. Inhibitors are antibodies formed against the coagulation factor. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of inhibitor development in hemophilia A patient receiving different treatment modalities namely fresh frozen plasma (FFP)/cryoprecipitate, plasma derived FVIII concentrates and long-acting recombinant FVIII concentrates.
Aims & Objectives: To assess the development of inhibitors in hemophilia A patients receiving treatment modalities. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from November 2021 to November 2023.
Material &Methods: A total of 75 registered patients of the Hemophilia Patient Welfare Society, Lahore and Sundas Foundation were initially screened for FVIII inhibitors. Those who were found negative for these inhibitors were included in the study and then divided into three equal groups of 25 patients each. One group received only FFP/cryoprecipitate for treatment, the other group received plasma derived FVIII concentrates and the last group received recombinant factor VIII concentrates. These patients were observed for two years i.e after 15-20 exposures and following this period their inhibitors screening was done again to establish the effect of different treatment modalities on inhibitor development. The data collected was entered and analyzed by SPSS-21, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Our study showed that only 3 patients out of 25, receiving FFP as treatment modality developed inhibitors. Whereas, none of the patients receiving plasma derived FVIII concentrates and recombinant factor VIII concentrates developed inhibitors. The P value calculated is 0.044 which is significant.
Conclusion: Plasma derived FVIII concentrates and recombinant FVIII concentrates are safer as compared to FFP/Cryoprecipitate and have lesser risk for inhibitor development.
Trends Of Respiratory Viral Infections in Punjab Pakistan In The Post COVID-19 Period
Authors: Hajra Farooq  , Waheed Uz Zaman Tariq  , Omar Rasheed Chughtai  , Bushra Iqbal
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Respiratory infections caused by viruses are becoming a global concern, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to massive impact of COVID-19 in the past 3 years globally, other viruses causing respiratory illnesses have largely been ignored. But as the COVID-19 pandemic declined, changing trends were seen in the pattern of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan.

Aims & Objectives: To study the trends of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan in the winter of 2022/2023 after the decline of Covid-19 pandemic.

Material & Methods: A total of 454 samples were evaluated for viral pathogens (Influenza A, Influenza B and Respiratory syncytial virus) by running them on Multiplex Polymerase chain reaction. We received 373 samples from Lahore,46 from Multan,24 from Islamabad,6 from Rawalpindi,4 from Okara and 1 from Sheikhupura. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The prevalence of Influenza A virus was 26.4% (120/454 cases), followed by RSV which showed the prevalence of 10% (46/454 cases) whereas Influenza B showed a prevalence of 6%(27/454cases).

Conclusion: Influenza A and RSV incidence has surged in the year 2022/2023 which is the post Covid -19 period. There is an increased incidence of Influenza A in the elderly population whereas RSV in children.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound For Confirmation Of Endotracheal Tube Placement Taking Capnography As A Gold Standard
Authors: Riffat Saeed  , Mahrukh Hamza  , Tariq Bangash  , Amer Latif  , Tooba Ammar  , Irfan Ali Kakepotto
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Accurate placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is critical for patient safety during medical procedures. The research explores the potential of ultrasound technology to provide a reliable alternative for ETT confirmation, offering insights into its diagnostic performance and the implications for enhancing patient care in surgical settings.

Aims & Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the confirmation of endotracheal tube keeping Capnography as a Gold standard.

Place and Duration of Study: It is a Cross Sectional study and the study was carried out in Operation Theater Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, within 6 months after approval of synopsis i.e. from 5th May, 2020 till 4th November, 2021.

Material & Methods:Total 219 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. After standardization of anesthetic measures all patients were intubated by direct laryngoscopy. ETT placement was assessed by capnometry and by ultrasonography. Endotracheal tube placement was labeled (as per operational definition) on both the techniques.The analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS version 21.0, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age, BMI, neck circumference and thyromental distance of the patients was 39±8.15 years, 27±3.42 Kg/m 2, 29.5±4.63cm and 6.9±0.50cm. There were 58% males and 42% females in the study. Ultrasonography exhibited sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy rates of 98.5%, 90.6%, 98.9%, 86.1%, and 97.7%, respectively, in its ability to detect the accurate placement of endotracheal tubes (ETT).

Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and promptness of recognition for confirmation of tracheal placement of ETT is higher withultrasonography compared to the gold standardcapnography in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Multiple Intracranial Tuberculomas In Immunocompetent Patient: An Uncommon Primary Manifestation Of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis (CNS TB)
Authors: Muhammad Sohail Ajmal Ghoauri  , Fatima Abbas  , Nauman Ismat Butt  , Muhammad Bilal Rasheed  , Abdul Samad  , Farah Naz
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious yet potentially-curable health issue among most developing countries including Pakistan. We report the case of an immunocompetent patient having multiple intracranial tuberculomas without evidence of meningitis which is an uncommon manifestation of CNS tuberculosis. A 50-year old man presented with 5 episodes of tonic-clonic generalized fits for 1 day, right sided body weakness for 2 weeks, generalized headaches and intermittent low-grade fever for 1 month. No contact or past history of tuberculosis was reported. On neurologic examination, there was hypertonia, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and power of 3/5 in both right upper limb and right lower limb with a right plantar extensor response. CT scan (Brain) showed hyperdense areas in left frontal and temporal lobes with surrounding vasogenic edema. ESR was raised at 86 mm/hour. CSF analysis demonstratedRBC 0 cells/uL, WBC 783 cells/uL with 100% lymphocytes, Glucose 39 mg/dl andProtein 81 mg/dl with negative organism microscopy onAFB and Giemsa staining. However, CSF was positive for GeneXpert-PCR-MTB but drug resistance was not detected to rifampicin. Brain MRI with FLAIR demonstrated multiple disseminated, rim enhancing lesions with perilesional edema in bilateral cerebral hemispheres, thalami, left basal ganglia, medulla oblangata and cerebellum having no meningeal enhancement. Workup for immune-suppression was normal. A diagnosis of multiple intracranial tuberculomas was established and Anti-tubercular therapy was commenced. He was asymptomatic and taking ATT with good compliance having no adverse affects by 6-week follow up.
Work Environment, Human Resource Practices, and Organizational Culture: A Causal Model on Service Quality of Employees in Government Agency in Davao Region
Authors: Lerio Rogelio R. , Bandiola Alberto N.
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This quantitative, non-experimental study aimed to establish the best-fit structural model for the service quality of employees in a national government agency, with a specific focus on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Davao Region. Its significance lies in contributing to the existing body of knowledge in the field of public administration, leading to a more efficient and effective delivery of public services. Examining the relationship between factors such as the work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture concerning service quality, this study builds upon the conclusions drawn from international research, which has investigated these factors in other countries but has yet to address the specific context of the Philippines, particularly in the Davao Region. Therefore, this study would address the gap by examining these relationships in the local context, contributing valuable insights to the literature on service quality in the Philippines.

Methodology: A standardized instrument, administered through the Google platform, was used to survey 400 rank-and-file employees selected via stratified sampling in the Davao Region. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods, including mean and standard deviation calculations, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings: The study revealed that the service quality (dependent variable) was very high, while the work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture (independent variables) were all at high levels. A Pearson correlation analysis unveiled a statistically significant and positively correlated relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Multiple regression analysis indicated that work environment, human resource practices, and organizational culture influence service quality. Moreover, organizational culture was found to be the best influencer of service quality of employees. Significantly, Model 5 emerges as the most fitting structural model for assessing service quality. The model demonstrated the direct influence of the work environment on service quality. Additionally, the SEM model identified specific variables that can predict service quality: training and development and evaluation and supervision (for human resource practices), physical and social work environment (for work environment), and adaptability, consistency, and involvement (for organizational culture).

Recommendations: Therefore, the discoveries from this study offer valuable insights with direct relevance to policymakers and managers seeking to improve service quality in national government agencies.
Permainan Tradisional Marampera Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lubis Sartika Eka Fitri
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Aktivitas bermain anak semakin berubah akibat kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat, khususnya bagi mereka yang duduk di bangku sekolah dasar. Anak-anak zaman sekarang lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain video, play station, dan game internet. Saat ini, mudah untuk menemukan permainan digital di lingkungan tempat tinggal  kita. Permainan tradisional yang dulunya populer dan berkembang di lingkungan kita kini tergerus oleh maraknya permainan digital. Permainan tradisional pada umumnya dimainkan secara berkelompok atau minimal dua orang. Permainan anak tradisional dapat mestimulasi anak dalam mengembangkan kerjasama, membantu terhadap teman, menaati aturan, serta menghargai orang lain. Karakter seorang anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh kecanggihan teknologi dan penggunaannya yang tidak dibatasi tanpa pengawasan orang tua. Permainan tradisional dapat meningkatkan fokus, sikap, pengetahuan, dan perkembangan motorik kasar anak selain membantu mereka mempelajari prinsip-prinsip moral usia sekolah dasar  Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian lapangan karena informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk menyusun karya ilmiah tersebut berasal dari lapangan masyarakat, khususnya UPT SPF SDN 104230. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian: Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa permainan tradisional marampera memiliki nilai karakter seperti ketekunan, kecepatan, ketepatan, dan sportivitas dalam permainan ini. Kegembiraan para pemain saat mencoba melompati tali merupakan cerminan dari pentingnya kerja keras. Upaya pemain untuk mengukur ketinggian tali dan lompatan yang akan datang menunjukkan pentingnya akurasi dan ketangkasan. Satu-satunya cara untuk memiliki ketelitian dan ketangkasan dalam bermain adalah dengan sering bermain atau berlatih lompat tali. Sementara itu, pemain yang menjunjung tinggi aturan permainan dan bersedia menggantikan pemegang tali jika terjadi pelanggaran menunjukkan nilai sportivitas. Memainkan permainan ini membantu anak menjadi terampil secara fisik, gesit, lincah, dan dinamis. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bermain permainan tradisional, membantu anak-anak mengembangkan aspek kebajikan seperti pengendalian diri, kemandirian, kepercayaan diri, sportivitas, kesabaran, dan kerja sama. Nilai-nilai karakter dalam permainan tradisional dapat beragam tergantung pada jenis permainan dan budaya tempat permainan tersebut berasal. Permainantradisional dapat membantu mempromosikan moral dan etika yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Identifikasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter yang Terdapat dalam Permainan Tradisional Margala bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rizka Khairunnisa
Published: November 2023

Dari hal terkecil seperti mainan anak hingga hal terbesar seperti perubahan gaya hidup, globalisasi berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan. Permainan modern dapat menggantikan permainan tradisional dalam pola permainan anak, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pembangunan nasional dan pembentukan karakter generasi muda. Permainan tradisional dulunya sangat populer di kalangan anak-anak dari segala usia. Permainan tradisional dapat membantu anak-anak belajar bagaimana bekerja sama, berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar, mengelola emosi, menjadi lebih berempati, mengikuti aturan, dan menunjukkan rasa hormat terhadap orang lain. Pendekatan pendidikan yang inovatif ini berpotensi meningkatkan antusiasme anak-anak untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan pendidikan.

Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan studi kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian: Permainan margala ini dimainkan oleh dua tim yang masing-masing terdiri dari tiga pemain atau lebih. Tim yang menang dalam undian akan menjadi tim bermain, sedangkan tim yang kalah akan menjadi tim penjaga. Tugas yang diberikan kepada setiap anggota tim penjaga adalah menghentikan tim yang bermain agar tidak lewat ke dan dari baris terakhir dalam area lapangan yang telah ditentukan. Agar anggota tim yang bermain dapat melarikan diri dengan menempuh jalur bolak-balik, diperlukan keterampilan dan strategi berlari. permainan margala yang didalamnya terdapat nilai karakter seperi nilai kejujuran, demokrasi dan disiplin yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi siswa dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan karakter pada hakikatnya adalah upaya untuk mengembangkan atau meningkatkan moralitas dan sifat kepribadian pada diri seseorang.
Estimation of Background Radiation from A Soil Sample from A Barley Farm Area and Malt Factory in East Arsi, Ethiopia
Authors: B. S. Goshu T. Y. Haile , Mengistu E.
Published: November 2023

The aim of this work is to estimate the background radiation of a soil sample from the barley farm area and Malt factory in East Arsi, Ethiopia. The technique of gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector and a PC-based MCA was used. The activity concentration levels due to 40K, 137Cs, 238U, and 232Th were measured within the study area at a depth of 30 cm. The soils of the study region are used as construction material by many farmers. The measured specific activity of those radionuclides was compared with the data reported worldwide. The specific activity of radionuclides was estimated in both study locations. The specific activity 238U of soil samples ranged from 41.0 Bq kg-1 to 30.7 Bq kg-1 in the barley farm, with a mean value of 37.7 Bq kg-1, and for malt ranged from 23.8 Bq kg-1 to 40.6 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 32.5 Bq kg-1. The specific activity of 232Th in soil samples ranged from 89.9 Bq kg-1 to 156.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 118.6 Bq kg-1, whereas for the Malt factory ranged from 121.0 Bq kg-1 to 128.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 123.7 Bq kg-1. In barley soil samples, the specific activity of 40K ranged from 401.0 Bq kg-1 to 530.0 Bq kg-1 with a mean value at the Malt plant ranged from 518 Bq kg-1 to 598.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 553.6 Bq kg-1. Similarly, the specific activity of 137Cs was determined in both the barley farm and the malt Factory. In barley farm soil samples, it ranged from 3.3 ±0.6 Bq kg-1 to 5.34±0.6 Bq kg-1, and with a mean value of 4.3 Bq kg-1 whereas, in the Malt factory it varied from 3.1 ±0.7 Bq kg-1 to 5.3 ±0.7 Bq kg-1, and with a mean value of 4.5 Bq kg-1. The absorbed dose rate within the barley farm ranged from 24.6 ±2.9 nGyh-1 to 34.1 ±2.9 nGy h-1, and with a mean value of 30.6 nGyh-1, whereas, in the Malt factory, it varied from 31.3 ±1.3 nGy h-1 to 35.5 ±1.3 nGyh-1, and with a mean value of 33.5 nGy h-1. The annual effective radiation dose for BSS and MFSS was calculated to be 37.6 mSv y-1and 41.1mSv y-1. This study revealed that this region lies within a medium radiation background when compared with the world's average. The marginal value of dose is higher within the Malt factory area because of fertilizer consumption for cultivation. Since these estimated background and radiological impact factors are below the recommended values, it seems that there is no potential radiological health hazard related to the soils from both BSS and MFSS in Arsi Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia.
AS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DAS VIOLAÇÕES DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS POR PARTE DOS POLICIAIS MILITARES E A EDUCAÇÃO COMO COMBATE A ESSAS CONDUTAS
Authors: Zago de Oliveira Gabriel , José da Silva Adilson
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho aborda a polícia militar como órgão constitucional responsável pelo papel de polícia ostensiva e preservação da ordem pública. É o principal braço do Estado no que tange a segurança preventiva e imediatamente repressiva, sendo uma instituição que trabalha diretamente no atendimento à população, quando os cidadãos têm seus direitos e/ou garantias violadas. Entretanto, essa mesma polícia, por uma série de fatores, acaba por violar os Direitos Humanos e tolhendo os cidadãos de sua dignidade e respeito. Este trabalho está imbuído em tentar entender quais são as principais causas dessas violações e propor a educação como possibilidade de evitar tais atitudes e almeje uma polícia militar mais próxima do cidadão e que desenvolva um trabalho de excelência e seja a precursora na defesa dos Direitos Humanos, trabalhando diretamente para uma sociedade mais responsável e cidadã.
Magnetic Field Sensor Using the Magnetic Fluid-Encapsulated Long-Period Fiber Grating Inscribed in the Thin-Cladding Fiber
Authors: Wang Hua , He Qun , Yuan Shuai , Zeng Wei , Zhou Yang , Tan Ruchao , Fan Xiaolong , Ma Yuehui , Zhu Yu
Published: November 2023

Optical magnetic field current sensors could overcome the shortcomings of traditional sensors based on electrical principles, such as large volume, insufficient sensitivity, and limitations of working environment, which can be applied to medical, military, and other fields with higher sensing requirements. We demonstrated experimentally the inscription of the long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in the thin-cladding fiber (TCF). The magnetic field current sensor is fabricated by encapsulating the TCF–LPFG with magnetic fluid (MF) nanoparticles. The principle of the sensor is based on the refractive index tunability of the MF with the magnetic field (current). The measurement of the external magnetic field (current) can be obtained by detecting the wavelength shift of the coated TCF–LPFG, which changes with the applied magnetic field. In the intensity range of 0 ∼ 11 mT, the experimental sensitivity of magnetic field measurement is up to −0.31 nm/mT. The proposed magnetic field current sensor has potential applications in practical measurement of magnetic field.
 
Received: 5 September 2023 | Revised: 3 November 2023 | Accepted: 3 November 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Hua Wang: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Qun He: Investigation, Resources. Shuai Yuan: Data curation. Wei Zeng: Methodology. Yang Zhou: Software, Resources. Ruchao Tan: Validation, Visualization. Xiaolong Fan: Writing – review & editing. Yuehui Ma: Writing – review & editing. Yu Zhu: Supervision.
SISTEM AKUAPONIK CERDAS BERTENAGA SURYA UNTUK KETAHANAN PANGAN MANDIRI
Authors: Al-Fattah Erdiansyah Naufal , Andriya Dimas , Irfan Muhammad , Hanifadinna Hanifadinna
Published: November 2023

Dewasa ini permasalahan lahan untuk bercocok tanam menjadi hal krusial karena dampaknya terhadap kebutuhan pangan. Di Indonesia sendiri lahan sudah banyak yang menurun kualitasnya sehingga membuat lahan yang ada menjadi terbengkalai dan kurang produktif. Hal ini tentu akan menjadi penghambat pembangunan terutama dibidang pertanian, ditambah lagi dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat sulit untuk dikendalikan sehingga semakin sempitnya lahan untuk pertanian karena kebutuhan lahan untuk pemukiman terus bertambah. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kekurangan pangan di Indonesia karena tidak bisa menjamin pasokan pangan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh penduduk. Di samping itu, penggunaan energi di Indonesia terus meningkat juga sejalan dengan pertambahan penduduk. Peningkatan kebutuhan energi di Indonesia dapat dilihat dari pengeksploitasi yang berlebihan terhadap bahan bakar fosil. Sedangkan, ketersediaannya terus mengalami pengurangan dan proses alam memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama untuk dapat menyediakannya lagi. Sementara itu, energi listrik masih mengandalkan bahan bakar fosil sebagai sumber utamanya. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, solusi melalui penelitian ini adalah dilakukannya perancangan sistem akuaponik cerdas bertenaga surya. Akuaponik bertenaga surya menjadi solusi inovatif untuk mengatasi masalah lahan dan energi. Teknologi akuaponik ini dirancang dengan mengkombinasikan antara panel surya dan Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai pengontrol pompa otomatis dan lampu. Listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya dipakai untuk sumber daya pompa serta lampu. Data yang diterima akan dikirim melalui aplikasi yang dirancang menggunakan MIT App Inventor dan dapat dipantau melalui ponsel pintar berbasis android. Teknik akuaponik yang dipakai adalah Deep Flow Technique (DFT) dengan menggenangkan air dalam pipa PVC. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap NodeMCU dan cepatnya reaksi aplikasi adalah 3 detik, dan hasil dari pengujian panel surya dan daya yang dihasilkan adalah dalam satu hari dapat digunakan untuk menyalakan pompa dan lampu selama 8,3 jam.
Studi Efektivitas Hand Sanitizer dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.)
Authors: Aledya Yahya Diyas , Permatasari Intan , Ma’mun Sholeh
Published: November 2023

Sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) mengandung bahan kimia yang bermanfaat seperti saponin, flavonoid, polifenol, dan minyak atsiri yang berfungsi sebagai antisariawan, antibatuk, astringent, dan antiseptik. Hand sanitizer merupakan alternatif lain yang penggunaannya lebih praktis sebagai sediaan antiseptik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi ekstrak daun sirih hijau yang dibuat dengan metode infusa terhadap sifat fisis sediaan dan efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Hand sanitizer dibuat dengan komposisi ekstrak daun sirih hijau antara 10 – 25% dengan dan tanpa penambahan tea tree essential oil. Sifat fisis sampel (viskositas dan pH) diamati dengan uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komposisi terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih hijau 10% tanpa penambahan essential oil dengan pH antara 5,2 – 5,8 dan viskositas antara 1,32 – 1,99 cps dengan warna kuning bening, aroma khas sirih, dan berbentuk gel encer. Sementara itu, hasil sensitivitas hand sanitizer menunjukan bahwa semua sampel tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih di dalam sampel masih belum cukup untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri
Double function of flight in Calopteryx splendens (Odonata: Calopterygidae) males
Authors: Rüppell Georg , Hilfert-Rüppell Dagmar
Published: November 2023

Different flight manoeuvres of males of Calopteryx splendens were analysed by means of slow-motion filming. The wingbeat frequencies of males flying in tandem were higher than those of single flying males. A male exhibited the highest frequencies when carrying a Blue Featherleg tandem over a distance of 20–25 cm. The widest range of variability of values of wingbeat frequencies were recorded in threatening flight, probably due to the simultaneous communicative function of the wings during that behaviour. The upstroke/downstroke ratio of the wings allows to draw conclusions on their aerodynamic effect. It was low in pursuing flight, which is when more thrust is needed, and it was high in flight with an additional load (a Featherleg tandem) when a lot of lift was necessary. Both sexes exhibited wing standstills during forward flight. In males, the variability of the duration of wing standstills was widest, probably due to the communicative function of their blue wings. Because males engage in threatening displays their flight was very irregular and unsteady. In contrast, females were much more regular in their flight, which may explain why they win most pursuit races with males.
Entorno de trabajo cíber-físico para cirugía laparoscópica
Authors: Herrera-López Juan M. , Galán-Cuenca Álvaro , García-Morales Isabel , Rollón Marcos , Rivas-Blanco Irene , Muñoz Víctor F.
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo desarrolla la implantación de un entorno de trabajo cíber-físico para cirugía laparoscópica que permite utilizar un simulador quirúrgico con un brazo robótico, para así facilitar el aprendizaje y la investigación con este tipo de sistemas. Se propone y valida una configuración para cada uno de los elementos del quirófano que permite cumplir todas las restricciones funcionales. También se implanta un Modelo Cinemático Inverso para el brazo robótico redundante que devuelve la solución más adecuada que asegura el cumplimiento de estas restricciones. El entorno de trabajo se ha implementado haciendo uso de ROS y MATLAB, realizando una serie de pruebas a fin de validar el desarrollo de aplicaciones utilizando este framework.
O gênero conto: principais teorias e situação no Brasil
Authors: Scalia Daniele
Published: November 2023

Considerando o conto como parte da história da humanidade e como um meio de acessar os modos de vida e a cultura de um povo, este trabalho se propõe a traçar um panorama do gênero para, em seguida, explorar os principais pressupostos teóricos que embasam a crítica e, por fim, situá-lo no Brasil contemporâneo. A hipótese de leitura, proposta a partir da revisão da literatura, é a de que definir conto é uma tarefa complexa e desafiadora que a crítica ainda não foi capaz de realizar. Passando pelos trabalhos de Gotlib (1988), Lucas (1983), Tavares (2003) e Zumthor (1993), este trabalho se apresenta mais como uma indagação acerca das proposições já feitas a respeito do conto, especialmente por Poe (2016), Cortázar (1993) e Quiroga (1940), do que uma tentativa de defini-lo. No fim das contas, no contexto pós-moderno do Brasil contemporâneo, a pergunta pela essência desse gênero literário se mantém aberta e suscetível de questionamento acerca de sua pertinência.
Índios, caboclos e guardiães da fronteira: a degradação do outro a partir da chegada do europeu na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Sampaio Sonia Maria Gomes , Nongueira Mara Genecy Centeno , Pissinatti Larissa Gotti
Published: November 2023

Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar, a partir da ideia de invenção da Amazônia, os termos utilizados por portugueses e espanhóis para designar o Outro, o nativo, o caboclo, o índio, durante o processo de colonização da Amazônia, e como essas designações são apresentadas nos relatos de viagem e posteriormente na literatura da/na Amazônia. Para tanto, utilizaremos a abordagem crítica dos estudos pós-coloniais, principalmente os argumentos de Henrique Dussel, Neide Gondim, Ana Pizarro, Eduardo Galeano, Hugo Achugar, Albert Memmi, dentre outros, para tratar da colonização da Amazônia, analisando os termos: índio, caboclo e guardião de fronteira, empregados pelos colonizadores na Amazônia. Os resultados apontam que a utilização desses termos revela a estratégia perversa do colonizador em identificar o Outro, o diferente, inferiorizando-o, subjugando-o, justificando assim, a dominação, a exploração. Essas estratégias se estendem até os dias atuais de forma ainda mais refinada, por isso, a urgência em refletir e expor epistemicamente esse processo, a fim de descolonizar o olhar e as práticas em relação aos nativos da/na Amazônia.