bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton-dynamic therapy following photosensitiser activation by accelerated protons demonstrated through fluorescence and singlet oxygen production
Authors: Grigalavicius M. , Mastrangelopoulou M. , Berg K. , Arous D. , Ménard M. , Raabe-Henriksen T. , Brondz E. , Siem S. , Görgen A. , Edin N. F. J. , Malinen E. , Theodossiou T. A.
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate excitation of photosensitisers (PSs) by accelerated protons to produce fluorescence and singlet oxygen. Their fluorescence follows a pattern similar to the proton energy loss in matter, while proton-derived fluorescence spectra match the photon-induced spectra. PSs excited in dry gelatin exhibit enhanced phosphorescence, suggesting an efficient PSs triplet state population. Singlet oxygen measurements, both optically at ~1270 nm and through the photoproduct of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), demonstrate cytotoxic singlet oxygen generation by proton excitation. The singlet oxygen-specific scavenger 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) abrogates the photoproduct formation under proton excitation, but cannot countermand the overall loss of PpIX fluorescence. Furthermore, in two cell lines, M059K and T98G, we observe differential cell death upon the addition of the PS cercosporin, while in U87 cells we see no effect at any proton irradiation dose. Our results pave the way for a novel treatment combining proton therapy and “proton-dynamic therapy” for more efficient tumour eradication.
Author Correction: Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations
Authors: Daya Michelle , Rafaels Nicholas , Brunetti Tonya M. , Chavan Sameer , Levin Albert M. , Shetty Aniket , Gignoux Christopher R. , Boorgula Meher Preethi , Wojcik Genevieve , Campbell Monica , Vergara Candelaria , Torgerson Dara G. , Ortega Victor E. , Doumatey Ayo , Johnston Henry Richard , Acevedo Nathalie , Araujo Maria Ilma , Avila Pedro C. , Belbin Gillian , Bleecker Eugene , Bustamante Carlos , Caraballo Luis , Cruz Alvaro , Dunston Georgia M. , Eng Celeste , Faruque Mezbah U. , Ferguson Trevor S. , Figueiredo Camila , Ford Jean G. , Gan Weiniu , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Hansel Nadia N. , Hernandez Ryan D. , Herrera-Paz Edwin Francisco , Jiménez Silvia , Kenny Eimear E. , Knight-Madden Jennifer , Kumar Rajesh , Lange Leslie A. , Lange Ethan M. , Lizee Antoine , Maul Pissamai , Maul Trevor , Mayorga Alvaro , Meyers Deborah , Nicolae Dan L. , O’Connor Timothy D. , Oliveira Ricardo Riccio , Olopade Christopher O. , Olopade Olufunmilayo , Qin Zhaohui S. , Rotimi Charles , Vince Nicolas , Watson Harold , Wilks Rainford J. , Wilson James G. , Salzberg Steven , Ober Carole , Burchard Esteban G. , Williams L. Keoki , Beaty Terri H. , Taub Margaret A. , Ruczinski Ingo , Mathias Rasika A. , Barnes Kathleen C. ,   CAAPA, Adegnika Ayola Akim , Arinola Ganiyu , Ateba-Ngoa Ulysse , Ayestas Gerardo , Bjarnadóttir Hrafnhildur , Correa Adolfo , Erazo Said Omar Leiva , Foreman Marilyn G. , Foster Cassandra , Gao Li , Gao Jingjing , Grammer Leslie , Hansen Mark , Hartert Tina , Hu Yijuan , Königsberg Iain , Kim Kwang-Youn A. , Landaverde-Torres Pamela , Marrugo Javier , Martinez Beatriz , Martinez Rosella , Mayorga Luis F. , Mejia-Mejia Delmy-Aracely , Meza Catherine , Musani Solomon , Musharoff Shaila , Oluwole Oluwafemi , Pino-Yanes Maria , Ramos Hector , Saenz Allan , Samms-Vaughan Maureen , Schleimer Robert , Scott Alan F. , Shringarpure Suyash S. , Song Wei , Szpiech Zachary A. , Torres Raul , Varela Gloria , Vasquez Olga Marina , Vega Francisco M. De La , Ware Lorraine B. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Mixing rate in Classical Many Body Systems
Authors: Frenkel Gad , Schwartz Moshe
Published: September 2019

Mixing in many body systems is intuitively understood as the change in time of the set of neighbors surrounding each particle. Its rate and its development over time hold important clues to the behavior of many body systems. For example, gas particles constantly change their position and surrounding particles, while in solids one expects the motion of the atoms to be limited by a fixed set of neighboring atoms. In other systems the situation is less clear. For example, agitated granular systems may behave like a fluid, a solid or glass, depending on various parameter such as density and friction. Thus, we introduce a parameter which describes the mixing rate in many body systems in terms of changes of a properly chosen adjacency matrix. The parameter is easily measurable in simulations but not in experiment. To demonstrate an application of the concept, we simulate a many body system, with particles interacting via a two-body potential and calculate the mixing rate as a function of time and volume fraction. The time dependence of the mixing rate clearly indicates the onset of crystallization
Inducing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in C. elegans via Cavitation-Free Surface Acoustic Wave-Driven Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Miansari Morteza , Mehta Meghna D. , Schilling Jan M. , Kurashina Yuta , Patel Hemal H. , Friend James
Published: September 2019

Mild traumatic brain injury is an all-too-common outcome from modern warfare and sport, and lacks a reproducible model for assessment of potential treatments and protection against it. Here we consider the use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) irradiation ofC.elegansworms—without cavitation—as a potential, ethically reasonable animal-on-a-chip model for inducing traumatic brain injury in an animal, producing significant effects on memory and learning that could prove useful in a model that progress from youth to old age in but a few weeks. We show a significant effect by SAW on the ability of worms to learn post-exposure through associative learning chemotaxis. At higher SAW intensity, we find immediate, thorough, but temporary paralysis of the worms. We further explore the importance of homogeneous exposure of the worms to the SAW-driven ultrasound, an aspect poorly controlled in past efforts, if at all, and demonstrate the absence of cavitation through a change in fluids from a standard media for the worms to the exceedingly viscous polyvinyl alcohol. Likewise, we demonstrate that acoustic streaming, when present, is not directly responsible for paralysis nor learning disabilities induced in the worm, but is beneficial at low amplitudes to ensuring homogeneous ultrasound exposure.
Different Grp94 components interact transiently with the myocilin olfactomedin domain in vitro to enhance or retard its amyloid aggregation
Authors: Huard Dustin J. E. , Jonke Alex P. , Torres Matthew P. , Lieberman Raquel L.
Published: September 2019

The inherited form of open angle glaucoma arises due to a toxic gain-of-function intracellular misfolding event involving a mutated myocilin olfactomedin domain (OLF). Mutant myocilin is recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident heat shock protein 90 paralog, glucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94), but their co-aggregation precludes mutant myocilin clearance by ER-associated degradation. When the Grp94-mutant myocilin interaction is abrogated by inhibitors or siRNA, mutant myocilin is efficiently degraded. Here we dissected Grp94 into component domains (N, NM, MC) to better understand the molecular factors governing its interaction with OLF. We show that the Grp94 N-terminal nucleotide-binding N domain is responsible for accelerating OLF aggregation in vitro. Upon inhibiting the isolated N domain pharmacologically or removing the Pre-N terminal 57 residues from full-length Grp94, OLF aggregation rates revert to those seen for OLF alone, but only pharmacological inhibition rescues co-aggregation. The Grp94-OLF interaction is below the detection limit of fluorescence polarization measurements, but chemical crosslinking paired with mass spectrometry analyses traps a reproducible interaction between OLF and the Grp94 N domain, as well as between OLF and the Grp94 M domain. The emerging molecular-level picture of quinary interactions between Grp94 and myocilin points to a role for the far N-terminal sequence of the Grp94 N domain and a cleft in the M domain. Our work further supports drug discovery efforts to inhibit these interactions as a strategy to treat myocilin-associated glaucoma.
Agent-based modeling and bifurcation analysis reveal mechanisms of macrophage polarization and phenotype pattern distribution
Authors: Nickaeen Niloofar , Ghaisari Jafar , Heiner Monika , Moein Shiva , Gheisari Yousof
Published: September 2019

Macrophages play a key role in tissue regeneration by polarizing to different destinies and generating various phenotypes. Recognizing the underlying mechanisms is critical in designing therapeutic procedures targeting macrophage fate determination. Here, to investigate the macrophage polarization, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed in which the effect of IL4, IFNγ and LPS, as external stimuli, on STAT1, STAT6, and NFκB is studied using bifurcation analysis. The existence of saddle-node bifurcations in these internal key regulators allows different combinations of steady state levels which are attributable to different fates. Therefore, we propose dynamic bifurcation as a crucial built-in mechanism of macrophage polarization. Next, in order to investigate the polarization of a population of macrophages, bifurcation analysis is employed aligned with agent-based approach and a two-layer model is proposed in which the information from single cells is exploited to model the behavior in tissue level. Also, in this model, a partial differential equation describes the diffusion of secreted cytokines in the medium. Finally, the model was validated against a set of experimental data. Taken together, we have here developed a cell and tissue level model of macrophage polarization behavior which can be used for designing therapeutic interventions.
Effects of cultivation management on the winter wheat grain yield and water utilization efficiency
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Liu Huan , Huang Yuan , Wang Jinfeng , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Gu Fengxu , Xin Minghua , Kang Guozhang , Feng Wei , Guo Tiancai
Published: September 2019

The growth of winter wheat consumes a substantial amounts of water, and precipitation in most years cannot meet the water demand for the normal growth of winter wheat. The unsuitable irrigation strategies waste a large number of water resource, and the low water use efficiency has become the main factor limiting wheat yields. This research explored the effects of different cultivation managements on water consumption characteristics, water utilization efficiency, and grain yields of winter wheat. A field experiment, in which 4 cultivation managements including traditional cultivation management (T1), optimized cultivation management compared with T1 (T2), super high-yield cultivation management (T3) and optimized cultivation management compared with T3 (T4), was conducted during 2008–2010 to measure the above parameters. The results showed that different cultivation managements had significant effects on the total water consumption amounts and water source compositions. Total water consumption amounts in T1 and T3 managements were significantly higher than that in T2 and T4 managements, possibly from irrigation water. T2 and T4 managements remarkably increased the uptake and utilization of soil storage water and precipitation amounts. T3 and T1 managements increased and decreased water consumption in upper (0–40 cm) and lower (60–100 cm) soil layers, respectively, while effectively increased the consumption of storage water in middle and lower soil layers (60–100 cm) and yield water use efficiency (WUEY), precipitation water use efficiency (WUEP), soil water use efficiency (WUES), irrigation water use efficiency (WUEI), and irrigation efficiency (IE) in T4 and T2 managements were higher than those in T3 and T1, respectively. Total water consumption amounts markedly raised in T1 and T3 managements, whereas their soil storage water amounts utilization declined. T2 and T4 managements reduced irrigation water amounts and optimized the water and fertilizer supplies, resulting in significant increase in WUES and WUEI. Collectively, our results suggest that synergetic improving the water uptake and utilization of irrigation water and soil storage water can be the primary means to increase the grain yields and WUE.
Omnidirectional Light Capture by Solar Cells Mimicking the Structures of the Epidermal cells of Leaves
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Sim Yeon Hyang , Cha Seung I. , Lee Dong Yoon
Published: September 2019

It is important to develop solar cells that can capture and utilize omnidirectional light in urban environments, where photovoltaic (PV) devices are installed in fixed directions. We report a new design for such light capture, which mimics the structure of a leaf epidermis. First, we analyzed the epidermal structures of different plant species in detail so that we could copy them and fabricate light-trapping layers with different shapes: as lens arrays, pillars, and lens arrays with rough surfaces. Then we analyzed the results of two-dimensional ray-tracing simulations of perfectly aligned and Gaussian-scattered incident light in terms of light-trapping capabilities. Based on these results, we prepared high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells with light-trapping layers that exhibited omnidirectional light capturing functionality. Our layers enhanced the efficiency of obliquely incident light capture by 70%. Therefore, we expect that new possibilities for next-generation PVs, extending beyond the current rigid concepts, will arise upon the application of these results and from findings that build on these results.
Deep Learning for Semantic Segmentation of Defects in Advanced STEM Images of Steels
Authors: Roberts Graham , Haile Simon Y. , Sainju Rajat , Edwards Danny J. , Hutchinson Brian , Zhu Yuanyuan
Published: September 2019

Crystalline materials exhibit long-range ordered lattice unit, within which resides nonperiodic structural features called defects. These crystallographic defects play a vital role in determining the physical and mechanical properties of a wide range of material systems. While computer vision has demonstrated success in recognizing feature patterns in images with well-defined contrast, automated identification of nanometer scale crystallographic defects in electron micrographs governed by complex contrast mechanisms is still a challenging task. Here, building upon an advanced defect imaging mode that offers high feature clarity, we introduce DefectSegNet - a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that performs semantic segmentation of three common crystallographic defects in structural alloys: dislocation lines, precipitates and voids. Results from supervised training on a small set of high-quality defect images of steels show high pixel-wise accuracy across all three types of defects: 91.60 ± 1.77% on dislocations, 93.39 ± 1.00% on precipitates, and 98.85 ± 0.56% on voids. We discuss the sources of uncertainties in CNN prediction and the training data in terms of feature density, representation and homogeneity and their effects on deep learning performance. Further defect quantification using DefectSegNet prediction outperforms human expert average, presenting a promising new workflow for fast and statistically meaningful quantification of materials defects.
The unfolded protein response alongside the diauxic shift of yeast cells and its involvement in mitochondria enlargement
Authors: Tran Duc Minh , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Mai Thanh Chi , Kubo Minoru , Kimata Yukio
Published: September 2019

Upon dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), eukaryotic cells evoke the unfolded protein response (UPR), which, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisaie cells, is promoted by the ER-located transmembrane endoribonuclease Ire1. When activated, Ire1 splices and matures the HAC1 mRNA which encodes a transcription-factor protein that is responsible for the gene induction of the UPR. Here we propose that this signaling pathway is also used in cellular adaptation upon diauxic shift, in which cells shift from fermentative phase (fast growth) to mitochondrial respiration phase (slower growth). Splicing of the HAC1 mRNA was induced upon diauxic shift of cells cultured in glucose-based media or in cells transferred from glucose-based medium to non-fermentable glycerol-based medium. Activation of Ire1 in this situation was not due to ER accumulation of unfolded proteins, and was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of aerobic respiration. Here we also show that the UPR induced by diauxic shift causes enlargement of the mitochondria, and thus contributes to cellular growth under non-fermentative conditions, in addition to transcriptional induction of the canonical UPR target genes, which includes those encoding ER-located molecular chaperones and protein-folding enzymes.
Detecting Crystallographic Lattice Chirality using Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Mongan Sean , Huang Zengye , Datta Trinanjan , Nomura Takuji , Yao Dao-Xin
Published: September 2019

The control and detection of crystallographic chirality is an important and challenging scientific problem. Chirality has wide ranging implications from medical physics to cosmology including an intimate but subtle connection in magnetic systems, for example Mn1−xFexSi. X-ray diffraction techniques with resonant or polarized variations of the experimental setup are currently utilized to characterize lattice chirality. We demonstrate using theoretical calculations the feasibility of indirect K –edge bimagnon resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum as a viable experimental technique to distinguish crystallographic handedness. We apply spin wave theory to the recently discovered √5 × √5 vacancy ordered chalcogenide Rb0.89Fe1.58Se2 for realistic X-ray experimental set up parameters (incoming energy, polarization, Bragg angle, and experimental resolution) to show that the computed RIXS spectrum is sensitive to the underlying handedness (right or left) of the lattice. A Flack parameter definition that incorporates the right- and left- chiral lattice RIXS response is introduced. It is shown that the RIXS response of the multiband magnon system RbFeSe arises both from inter- and intra- band scattering processes. The extinction or survival of these RIXS peaks are sensitive to the underlying chiral lattice orientation. This in turn allows for the identification of the two chiral lattice orientations.
Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Non-cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Shin Beomsu , Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee , Kang Hyung Koo , Chon Hae Ri , Kim Jung Soo , Park Hye Yun , Lee Hyun
Published: September 2019

Despite a substantial population of patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern, few studies have evaluated postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after non-cardiothoracic surgery in these patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 681 adults with a normal or restrictive spirometric pattern who were referred for preoperative evaluation of PPC risk before non-cardiothoracic surgery between March 2014 and January 2015. Overall, 8.7% (59/681) of study participants developed a PPC following non-cardiothoracic surgery. The occurrence of PPCs in patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern was higher than that in those with normal spirometry (12.4% [35/282] vs. 6.0% [24/399],P = 0.003). The occurrence of PPCs increased across the categories of restrictive spirometric pattern severity (6.0% with a normal spirometric pattern vs. 6.5% with a mild restrictive spirometric pattern [60 ≤ forced vital capacity (FVC) < 80% predicted] vs. 21.2% with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern [FVC < 60% predicted], P for trend test < 0.001). The length of hospital stay (Pfor trend = 0.002) was longer, and all-cause mortality at 30 days (Pfor trend = 0.008) and 90 days (Pfor trend = 0.001) was higher across the restrictive spirometric pattern severity. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern was associated with a higher risk of PPCs compared with a normal spirometric pattern (adjusted odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.22–5.67). The incidence of PPCs in patients with a restrictive spirometric pattern was higher than that in those with a normal spirometric pattern, especially in patients with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern. Patients with a moderate-to-severe restrictive spirometric pattern should be regarded as high risk for developing PPCs following non-cardiothoracic surgery.
Some Effects of Different Constitutive Laws on FSI Simulation for the Mitral Valve
Authors: Cai Li , Wang Ying , Gao Hao , Ma Xingshuang , Zhu Guangyu , Zhang Ruihang , Shen Xiaoqin , Luo Xiaoyu
Published: September 2019

In this paper, three different constitutive laws for mitral leaflets and two laws for chordae tendineae are selected to study their effects on mitral valve dynamics with fluid-structure interaction. We first fit these three mitral leaflet constitutive laws and two chordae tendineae laws with experimental data. The fluid-structure interaction is implemented in an immersed boundary framework with finite element extension for solid, that is the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element(IB/FE) method. We specifically compare the fluid-structure results of different constitutive laws since fluid-structure interaction is the physiological loading environment. This allows us to look at the peak jet velocity, the closure regurgitation volume, and the orifice area. Our numerical results show that different constitutive laws can affect mitral valve dynamics, such as the transvalvular flow rate, closure regurgitation and the orifice area, while the differences in fiber strain and stress are insignificant because all leaflet constitutive laws are fitted to the same set of experimental data. In addition, when an exponential constitutive law of chordae tendineae is used, a lower closure regurgitation flow is observed compared to that of a linear material model. In conclusion, combining numerical dynamic simulations and static experimental tests, we are able to identify suitable constitutive laws for dynamic behaviour of mitral leaflets and chordae under physiological conditions.
Roadmap to Local Tumour Growth: Insights from Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kubitschke Hans , Wolf Benjamin , Morawetz Erik , Horn Lars-Christian , Aktas Bahriye , Behn Ulrich , Höckel Michael , Käs Josef
Published: September 2019

Wide tumour excision is currently the standard approach to surgical treatment of solid cancers including carcinomas of the lower genital tract. This strategy is based on the premise that tumours exhibit isotropic growth potential. We reviewed and analysed local tumour spreading patterns in 518 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix who underwent surgical tumour resection. Based on data obtained from pathological examination of the surgical specimen, we applied computational modelling techniques to simulate local tumour spread in order to identify parameters influencing preferred infiltration patterns and used area-proportional Euler diagrams to detect and confirm ordered patterns of tumour spread. Some anatomical structures, e.g. tissues of the urinary bladder, were significantly more likely to be infiltrated than other structures, e.g. the ureter and the rectum. Computational models assuming isotropic growth could not explain these infiltration patterns. Introducing ontogenetic distance of a tissue relative to the uterine cervix as a parameter led to accurate predictions of the clinically observed infiltration likelihoods. The clinical data indicates that successive infiltration likelihoods of ontogenetically distant tissues are nearly perfect subsets of ontogenetically closer tissues. The prevailing assumption of isotropic tumour extension has significant shortcomings in the case of cervical cancer. Rather, cervical cancer spread seems to follow ontogenetically defined trajectories.
Symmetry-protected metallic and topological phases in penta-materials
Authors: Bravo Sergio , Correa Julián , Chico Leonor , Pacheco Mónica
Published: September 2019

We analyze the symmetry and topological features of a family of materials closely related to penta-graphene, derived from it by adsorption or substitution of different atoms. Our description is based on a novel approach, called topological quantum chemistry, that allows to characterize the topology of the electronic bands, based on the mapping between real and reciprocal space. In particular, by adsorption of alkaline (Li or Na) atoms we obtain a nodal line metal at room temperature, with a continuum of Dirac points around the perimeter of the Brillouin zone. This behavior is also observed in some substitutional derivatives of penta-graphene, such as penta-PC2. Breaking of time-reversal symmetry can be achieved by the use of magnetic atoms; we study penta-MnC2, which also presents spin-orbit coupling and reveals a Chern insulator phase. We find that for this family of materials, symmetry is the source of protection for metallic and nontrivial topological phases that can be associated to the presence of fractional band filling, spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry breaking.
Chronic, but not acute, fatigue predicts self-reported attentional driving errors in mothers attending infant children
Authors: Sánchez-García Mar , Valero-Mora Pedro M. , Carvajal Eva , Sanmartín Jaime
Published: September 2019

Mothers attending infant children usually experience high levels of fatigue, and fatigue has been shown to be related to car crashes through attentional errors, among other causes. The current study investigates the effects of fatigue on the attentional errors while driving of women attending infant children. A sample of 112 women—67 attending infant children and 45 not attending—filled out self-report questionnaires assessing acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and attention-related driving errors. A mediational analysis showed that women attending infant children had higher levels of fatigue, and that chronic fatigue, but not acute fatigue, was related to attentional errors while driving.
Hyperoxia but not AOX expression mitigates pathological cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dhandapani Praveen K. , Begines-Moreno Isabel M. , Brea-Calvo Gloria , Gärtner Ulrich , Graeber Thomas G. , Javier Sanchez Gerardo , Morty Rory E. , Schönig Kai , Hoeve Johanna ten , Wietelmann Astrid , Braun Thomas , Jacobs Howard T. , Szibor Marten
Published: September 2019

Constitutive expression of the chemokine Mcp1 in mouse cardiomyocytes creates a model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with death from heart failure at age 7–8 months. A critical pathogenic role has previously been proposed for induced oxidative stress, involving NADPH oxidase activation. To test this idea, we exposed the mice to elevated oxygen levels. Against expectation, this prevented, rather than accelerated, the ultrastructural and functional signs of heart failure. This result suggests that the immune signaling initiated by Mcp1 leads instead to the inhibition of cellular oxygen usage, for which mitochondrial respiration is an obvious target. To address this hypothesis, we combined the Mcp1 model with xenotopic expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX), which provides a sink for electrons blocked from passage to oxygen via respiratory complexes III and IV. Ubiquitous AOX expression provided only a minor delay to cardiac functional deterioration and did not prevent the induction of markers of cardiac and metabolic remodeling considered a hallmark of the model. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific AOX expression resulted in exacerbation of Mcp1-induced heart failure, and failed to rescue a second cardiomyopathy model directly involving loss of cIV. Our findings imply that mitochondrial involvement in the pathology of inflammatory cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and complex.
Application of the deep learning for the prediction of rainfall in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Yen Meng-Hua , Liu Ding-Wei , Hsin Yi-Chia , Lin Chu-En , Chen Chii-Chang
Published: September 2019

Precipitation is useful information for assessing vital water resources, agriculture, ecosystems and hydrology. Data-driven model predictions using deep learning algorithms are promising for these purposes. Echo state network (ESN) and Deep Echo state network (DeepESN), referred to as Reservoir Computing (RC), are effective and speedy algorithms to process a large amount of data. In this study, we used the ESN and the DeepESN algorithms to analyze the meteorological hourly data from 2002 to 2014 at the Tainan Observatory in the southern Taiwan. The results show that the correlation coefficient by using the DeepESN was better than that by using the ESN and commercial neuronal network algorithms (Back-propagation network (BPN) and support vector regression (SVR), MATLAB, The MathWorks co.), and the accuracy of predicted rainfall by using the DeepESN can be significantly improved compared with those by using ESN, the BPN and the SVR. In sum, the DeepESN is a trustworthy and good method to predict rainfall; it could be applied to global climate forecasts which need high-volume data processing.
Real-world data on T-DM1 efficacy – results of a single-center retrospective study of HER2-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Hardy-Werbin Max , Quiroga Vanesa , Cirauqui Beatriz , Romeo Margarita , Felip Eudald , Teruel Iris , Garcia Juan Jose , Erasun Carlos , España Sofia , Cucurull Marc , Montprade Elisabeth , Pardo Juan Carlos , Carballo Dania , Velarde Jose Maria , Margeli Mireia
Published: September 2019

T-DM1 is an antibody drug conjugate that combines trastuzumab with emtansine via a stable thioether linker. In two phase III clinical trials, EMILIA and TH3RESA, T-DM1 was shown to be effective in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who had progressed to taxanes and trastuzumab. We have performed a real-world study to complement the findings of the clinical trials. From 2012 to 2016, 15 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who had progressed to prior treatment received T-DM1 at our center. We have retrospectively analyzed outcomes in these patients and compared our findings with those of the two clinical trials. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 months compared with the 9.6 months of the EMILIA trial and the 6.2 months of the TH3RESA trial, overall survival was 34 months compared with the 29.9 months of the EMILIA trial and the 22.7 months of the TH3RESA trial. PFS was ≥12 months in five patients, three of whom attained a PFS of ≥23 months. Among five patients with metastases of the central nervous system, PFS was six months, OS was not reached, and the objective response rate was 80%. Our findings are in line with those of the EMILIA study and slightly superior to those of the TH3RESA study. In our series of patients, T-DM1 has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Our real-world data thus confirm and support the findings of the two major phase III trials and indicate the usefulness of T-DM1 in routine clinical practice.
Prior physical synchrony enhances rapport and inter-brain synchronization during subsequent educational communication
Authors: Nozawa Takayuki , Sakaki Kohei , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Yamazaki Shohei , Kawata Kelssy Hitomi dos Santos , Kawata Natasha Yuriko dos Santos , Sasaki Yukako , Kulason Kay , Hirano Kanan , Miyake Yoshihiro , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: September 2019

Physical synchrony has been suggested to have positive effects on not only concurrent but also subsequent communication, but the underlying neural processes are unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, we tested the effects of preceding physical synchrony on subsequent dyadic teaching-learning communication. Thirty-two pairs of participants performed two experimental sessions. In each session, they underwent a rhythmic arm movement block with synchronous or asynchronous conditions, and then taught/learned unknown words to/from each other according to a given scenario. Neural activities in their medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured and inter-brain synchronization (IBS) during the teaching-learning blocks was evaluated. Participants rated their subjective rapport during the teaching-learning blocks, and took a word memory test. The analyses revealed that (1) prior physical synchrony enhanced teacher-learner rapport; (2) prior physical synchrony also enhanced IBS in the lateral PFC; and (3) IBS changes correlated positively with rapport changes. Physical synchrony did however not affect word memory performance. These results suggest that IBS can be useful to measure the effects of social-bonding facilitation activities for educational communication.
Optical vacuum cleaner by optomechanical manipulation of nanoparticles using nanostructured mesoscale dielectric cuboid
Authors: Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V. , Cao Yinghui , Liu Zhenyu , Geints Yuri E. , Karabchevsky Alina
Published: September 2019

Here, we propose the concept of an “optical vacuum cleaner” for optomechanical manipulation of nanoparticles. We utilize a dielectric cuboid to generate an optical gradient force exerted on the nanoparticles for particle’s hovering and trapping. We show that the permittivity contrast between the particle and the nanohole leads to the deep subwavelength light confinement and enhancement at the opening of the nanohole located at the shadow surface of the particle. The proposed “optical vacuum cleaner” can be utilized in optomechanical manipulations on particles such as noble metal nanoparticles adsorbed on surfaces or controlling the particles taking part in cellular uptake.
Secured regions of interest (SROIs) in single-pixel imaging
Authors: Ye Zhiyuan , Su Bo , Qiu Panghe , Gao Wenxiang
Published: September 2019

Single-pixel imaging, which is also known as computational ghost imaging, can reconstruct an entire image using one non-spatially resolved detector. However, it often requires a large amount of sampling, severely limiting its application. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of secured regions of interest (SROIs) in single-pixel imaging and illustrate its application using two experiments. Under a limited number of sampling times, we improved the resolution and recovered spectral information of interest in the ROI. Meanwhile, this scheme has high information security with high encryption and has great potential for single-pixel video and compressive multi-spectral single-pixel imaging.
Temporal-specific complexity of spiking patterns in spontaneous activity induced by a dual complex network structure
Authors: Nobukawa Sou , Nishimura Haruhiko , Yamanishi Teruya
Published: September 2019

Temporal fluctuation of neural activity in the brain has an important function in optimal information processing. Spontaneous activity is a source of such fluctuation. The distribution of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) between cortical pyramidal neurons can follow a log-normal distribution. Recent studies have shown that networks connected by weak synapses exhibit characteristics of a random network, whereas networks connected by strong synapses have small-world characteristics of small path lengths and large cluster coefficients. To investigate the relationship between temporal complexity spontaneous activity and structural network duality in synaptic connections, we executed a simulation study using the leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neural network with log-normal synaptic weight distribution for the EPSPs and duality of synaptic connectivity, depending on synaptic weight. We conducted multiscale entropy analysis of the temporal spiking activity. Our simulation demonstrated that, when strong synaptic connections approach a small-world network, specific spiking patterns arise during irregular spatio-temporal spiking activity, and the complexity at the large temporal scale (i.e., slow frequency) is enhanced. Moreover, we confirmed through a surrogate data analysis that slow temporal dynamics reflect a deterministic process in the spiking neural networks. This modelling approach may improve the understanding of the spatio-temporal complex neural activity in the brain.
Quantifying the randomness of the stock markets
Authors: Delgado-Bonal Alfonso
Published: September 2019

Randomness has been mathematically defined and quantified in time series using algorithms such as Approximate Entropy (ApEn). Even though ApEn is independent of any model and can be used with any time series, as the markets have different statistical values, it cannot be applied directly to make comparisons between series of financial data. In this paper, we develop further the use of Approximate Entropy to quantify the existence of patterns in evolving data series, defining a measure to allow comparisons between time series and epochs using a maximum entropy approach. We apply the methodology to the stock markets as an example of its application, showing that the number of patterns changed for the six analyzed markets depending on the economic situation, in agreement with the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis.
Improved calculation of warming-equivalent emissions for short-lived climate pollutants
Authors: Cain Michelle , Lynch John , Allen Myles R. , Fuglestvedt Jan S. , Frame David J. , Macey Adrian H
Published: September 2019

Anthropogenic global warming at a given time is largely determined by the cumulative total emissions (or stock) of long-lived climate pollutants (LLCPs), predominantly carbon dioxide (CO2), and the emission rates (or flow) of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) immediately prior to that time. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), reporting of greenhouse gas emissions has been standardised in terms of CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) emissions using Global Warming Potentials (GWP) over 100-years, but the conventional usage of GWP does not adequately capture the different behaviours of LLCPs and SLCPs, or their impact on global mean surface temperature. An alternative usage of GWP, denoted GWP*, overcomes this problem by equating an increase in the emission rate of an SLCP with a one-off “pulse” emission of CO2. We show that this approach, while an improvement on the conventional usage, slightly underestimates the impact of recent increases in SLCP emissions on current rates of warming because the climate does not respond instantaneously to radiative forcing. We resolve this with a modification of the GWP* definition, which incorporates a term for each of the short-timescale and long-timescale climate responses to changes in radiative forcing. The amended version allows “CO2-warming-equivalent” (CO2-we) emissions to be calculated directly from reported emissions. Thus SLCPs can be incorporated directly into carbon budgets consistent with long-term temperature goals, because every unit of CO2-we emitted generates approximately the same amount of warming, whether it is emitted as a SLCP or a LLCP. This is not the case for conventionally derived CO2-e.
2D WS2 liquid crystals: tunable functionality enabling diverse applications
Authors: Hogan Benjamin T. , Kovalska Evgeniya , Zhukova Maria O. , Yildirim Murat , Baranov Alexander , Craciun Monica F. , Baldycheva Anna
Published: September 2019

A liquid crystal state has been observed for dispersions of tungsten disulfide in various organic solvents, allowing the creation of highly uniform thin films whose wide-ranging applicability is explored.
Dual-functional gold nanoparticles with antimicrobial and proangiogenic activities improve the healing of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected wounds in diabetic mice
Authors: Wei Shih-Chun , Chang Lung , Huang Chih-Ching , Chang Huan-Tsung
Published: September 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor capped gold nanoparticles modified with (11-mercaptoundecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium exhibit superior dual functionality for the treatment of MRSA-infected diabetic wounds.
Primary amides to amines or nitriles: a dual role by a single catalyst
Authors: Das Hari S. , Das Shyamal , Dey Kartick , Singh Bhagat , K. Haridasan Rahul , Das Arpan , Ahmed Jasimuddin , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: September 2019

We report the first earth abundant single mononuclear Mn(iii) complex which can selectively and catalytically transform primary amides to nitriles as well as reduce primary amides to amines.
A water-soluble dual-site fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of cysteine with high sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Wang Bao-Jun , Liu Rui-Juan , Fang Jianguo , Wang Ya-Wen , Peng Yu
Published: September 2019

A water-soluble turn-on fluorescent probe has been developed for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Cys.
Microwave synthesis of ZnIn2S4/WS2 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen production and hexavalent chromium reduction
Authors: Pudkon Watcharapong , Kaowphong Sulawan , Pattisson Samuel , Miedziak Peter J. , Bahruji Hasliza , Davies Thomas E. , Morgan David J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: September 2019

A rapid microwave synthesis route for the fabrication of ZnIn2S4 powder and ZnIn2S4/WS2 composites is presented.
Fluorescent BF2 complexes of pyridyl-isoindoline-1-ones: synthesis, characterization and their distinct response to mechanical force
Authors: Liu Meifang , Han Yi , Yuan Wei , Guo Changxiang , Shi Shiling , Liu Xia , Chen Yulan
Published: September 2019

Three boron-pyridyl-isoindoline-1-one based dyes (B1, B2, and B3) with varied side groups were synthesized and their mechanochromic fluorescence properties were studied.
Mitochondrial targeted osmium polypyridyl probe shows concentration dependent uptake, localisation and mechanism of cell death
Authors: Gkika Karmel Sofia , Byrne Aisling , Keyes Tia E.
Published: September 2019

An osmium(ii)-terpyridine bipeptide conjugate FrFKFrFK was found to target the mitochondria in a concentration dependent manner and mechanism of cytotoxicity was found, in turn, to depend on targeting.
Hierarchical nanostructures derived from cellulose for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Zehao , Huang Jianguo
Published: September 2019

Recent advances in natural cellulose substance derived hierarchical nanomaterials applied as anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries are summarized.
Iridium complexes featuring a tridentate SiPSi ligand: from dimeric to monomeric 14, 16 or 18-electron species
Authors: Cuevas-Chávez Cynthia A. , Vendier Laure , Sabo-Etienne Sylviane , Montiel-Palma Virginia
Published: September 2019

Dimer [Ir{P(o-C6H4CH2SiMe2)2Ph}(μ-Cl)]2 featuring tricoordinate phosphinodisilyl ligands dissociates in solution to the reactive 14 electron monomer [Ir(SiPSi)Cl].
Mechanism and origins of ligand-controlled Pd(ii)-catalyzed regiodivergent carbonylation of alkynes
Authors: Liu Jian-Biao , Zhang Xin , Tian Ying-Ying , Wang Xin , Zhu Xun-Kun , Chen De-Zhan
Published: September 2019

A new type of concerted deprotonation/cyclization model was proposed to rationalize the ligand-tuned chemoselectivity.
Butylated melamine formaldehyde as a durable and highly positive friction layer for stable, high output triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Seong Min , Ryu Hanjun , Kim Jihye , Khan Usman , Yoon Hong-Joon , Jeong Yo Han , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: September 2019

Butylated melamine formaldehyde as a strong candidate to be used as a triboelectric friction layer for the stable high-output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators.
Effect of lemon water soluble extract on hyperuricemia in a mouse model
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Ming , Wu Jin-Long , Li Jin-Xue , Ma Zhao-Cheng
Published: September 2019

Lemon is a healthy fruit with high medicinal value.
Effects of theabrownin on serum metabolites and gut microbiome in rats with a high-sugar diet
Authors: Yue Suijuan , Zhao Dan , Peng Chunxiu , Tan Chao , Wang Qiuping , Gong Jiashun
Published: September 2019

In a high sugar diet mode, TB reduced the body weight and TG and improved HOMA-IR mainly by targeting the gut microbiota. A strong correlation between cecal microorganisms and serum metabolites, obesity and HOMA-IR was observed.
An automated microfluidic system for the investigation of asphaltene deposition and dissolution in porous media
Authors: Chen Weiqi , Guo Tony , Kapoor Yogesh , Russell Christopher , Juyal Priyanka , Yen Andrew , Hartman Ryan L.
Published: September 2019

Design of an automated packed-bed microfluidic system with in situ Raman spectroscopy to better understand the self-assembly of asphaltenes in porous media.
Electrocoalescence of liquid marbles driven by embedded electrodes for triggering bioreactions
Authors: Zhang Yage , Fu Xiangyu , Guo Wei , Deng Yi , Binks Bernard P. , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: September 2019

We present coalescence of liquid marbles in a non-contact approach by applying electrostatics to embedded electrodes.
Insight into the dynamics of APOBEC3G protein in complexes with DNA assessed by high speed AFM
Authors: Pan Yangang , Shlyakhtenko Luda S. , Lyubchenko Yuri L.
Published: September 2019

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that restricts the HIV virus by deamination of dC to dU during reverse transcription of the viral genome.
Impact of Mn-dopant concentration in observing narrowing of band-gap, urbach tail and paramagnetism in anatase TiO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Akshay V. R. , Arun B. , Mandal Guruprasad , Vasundhara M.
Published: September 2019

In addition to the numerous applications of Mn-doped TiO2, it could be a potential candidate as a dilute magnetic semiconductor.
Interfacial charge shielding directs the synthesis of dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres by a dual-templating approach
Authors: Peng Bo , Zong Yu-Xin , Nie Meng-Zhen , Shan Bing-Qian , Yang Tai-Qun , Hao Pan , Ma Shi-Yu , Lam Koon-Fung , Zhang Kun
Published: September 2019

A unique ethylene oxide (EO) layer coated core–shell structured spherical micelle was used as a building unit to synthesize dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) by a dual-templating approach.
The development of a rapid self-healing semiconducting monoethanolamine-based Mg(OH)2 metallogel for a Schottky diode application with a high ON/OFF ratio
Authors: Dhibar Subhendu , Dey Arka , Dey Amiya , Majumdar Santanu , Mandal Amit , Ray Partha Pratim , Dey Biswajit
Published: September 2019

A rapid self-healing Mg(OH)2 metallogel developed by mixing monoethanolamine and an Mg(ii) salt offers a Schottky barrier diode device with a high ON/OFF ratio.
Capability ofAganonerion polymorphumleaf-water extract in protecting hydrochloric acid induced steel corrosion
Authors: Van Hien Pham , Hoai Vu Nguyen Si , Bach Lai Xuan , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Dao Vinh Ai , Trinh Quang Thang , Nam Nguyen Dang
Published: September 2019

A new green water extract as an environmentally friendly and high-performing inhibitor for steel corrosion.
On the structure and chemistry of iron oxide cores in human heart and human spleen ferritins using graphene liquid cell electron microscopy
Authors: Narayanan Surya , Firlar Emre , Rasul Md Golam , Foroozan Tara , Farajpour Nasim , Covnot Leigha , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Shokuhfar Tolou
Published: September 2019

Ferritin is a protein that regulates the iron ions in humans by storing them in the form of iron oxides.
Hybrid plasmonic gold-nanorod–platinum short-wave infrared photodetectors with fast response
Authors: Xiang Hengyang , Hu Zhelu , Billot Laurent , Aigouy Lionel , Chen Zhuoying
Published: September 2019

A new hybrid device combining solution-processed colloidal plasmonic gold nanorods and a resistive platinum microwire is presented for photodetection atλ= 1.5 μm with a response time of 97 μs.
Construction of Mn–Zn binary carbonate microspheres on interconnected rGO networks: creating an atomic-scale bimetallic synergy for enhancing lithium storage properties
Authors: Ruan Songju , Xiao Ao , Zheng Zhufeng , Ma Cheng , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng
Published: September 2019

Single-phase MnxZn1−xCO3 microspheres anchored on rGO exhibit superior lithium storage properties due to the bimetallic synergy.