bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of Cr(VI) by immobilized waste biomass from polyglutamic acid production
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ren Hui-Xue , Zhong Chuan-Qing , Wu Daoji
Published: February 2020

Waste biomass from γ-polyglutamic acid production was used as an adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. Waste biomass was entrapped in sodium alginate to enhance performance. Orthogonal array design was used to optimize biosorption of Cr(VI) by immobilized waste biomass. The optimal adsorption conditions for immobilized waste biomass were as follows: pH 7.0, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 200 mg/L, 35 °C, waste biomass of 2 g/L, 60 min. Under these conditions, the absorption efficiency of Cr(VI) was 96.38 ± 0.45%. When the waste biomass was treated with 1 mol/L HCl for 1 h, the desorption rate could reach 94.42 ± 0.87%. It was shown that the adsorption kinetics followed the Freundlich adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by bacteria was mainly based on multi-molecular layer adsorption. The absorption conditions of waste biomass were mild (pH 6.0–7.5, 20–35 °C) and easily operated. These investigations lay a foundation for reducing the pollution of γ-polyglutamic acid production, turning the biomass waste into a useful adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
Engineering a solid-state metalloprotein hydrogen evolution catalyst
Authors: Rapson Trevor D. , Ju HyungKuk , Marshall Paul , Devilla Rosangela , Jackson Colin J. , Giddey Sarbjit , Sutherland Tara D.
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role in decarbonising our energy systems. Crucial to achieving this is the ability to produce clean sources of hydrogen using renewable energy sources. Currently platinum is commonly used as a hydrogen evolution catalyst, however, the scarcity and expense of platinum is driving the need to develop non-platinum-based catalysts. Here we report a protein-based hydrogen evolution catalyst based on a recombinant silk protein from honeybees and a metal macrocycle, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPPIX). We enhanced the hydrogen evolution activity three fold compared to the unmodified silk protein by varying the coordinating ligands to the metal centre. Finally, to demonstrate the use of our biological catalyst, we built a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell using CoPPIX-silk as the hydrogen evolution catalyst that is able to produce hydrogen with a 98% Faradaic efficiency. This represents an exciting advance towards allowing protein-based catalysts to be used in electrolysis cells.
Characterization of the Airflow within an Average Geometry of the Healthy Human Nasal Cavity
Authors: Brüning Jan , Hildebrandt Thomas , Heppt Werner , Schmidt Nora , Lamecker Hans , Szengel Angelika , Amiridze Natalja , Ramm Heiko , Bindernagel Matthias , Zachow Stefan , Goubergrits Leonid
Published: February 2020

This study’s objective was the generation of a standardized geometry of the healthy nasal cavity. An average geometry of the healthy nasal cavity was generated using a statistical shape model based on 25 symptom-free subjects. Airflow within the average geometry and these geometries was calculated using fluid simulations. Integral measures of the nasal resistance, wall shear stresses (WSS) and velocities were calculated as well as cross-sectional areas (CSA). Furthermore, individual WSS and static pressure distributions were mapped onto the average geometry. The average geometry featured an overall more regular shape that resulted in less resistance, reduced WSS and velocities compared to the median of the 25 geometries. Spatial distributions of WSS and pressure of the average geometry agreed well compared to the average distributions of all individual geometries. The minimal CSA of the average geometry was larger than the median of all individual geometries (83.4 vs. 74.7 mm²). The airflow observed within the average geometry of the healthy nasal cavity did not equal the average airflow of the individual geometries. While differences observed for integral measures were notable, the calculated values for the average geometry lay within the distributions of the individual parameters. Spatially resolved parameters differed less prominently.
A developed serum-free medium and an optimized chemical cocktail for direct conversion of human dermal fibroblasts into brown adipocytes
Authors: Takeda Yukimasa , Dai Ping
Published: February 2020

Brown adipocytes coordinate systemic energy metabolism associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and related metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. We have previously reported chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) converted from human dermal fibroblasts without using transgenes. In this study, to reveal a precise molecular mechanism underlying the direct conversion and human adipocyte browning, we developed serum-free brown adipogenic medium (SFBAM) with an optimized chemical cocktail consisting of Rosiglitazone, Forskolin, and BMP7. During the direct conversion, treatment with BMP7 enhanced Ucp1 expression rather than the conversion efficiency in the absence of BMP signalling inhibitors. Moreover, treatment with a TGF-β signalling pathway inhibitor was no longer required in the serum-free medium, likely because the TGF-β pathway was already suppressed. SFBAM and the chemical cocktail efficiently converted human dermal fibroblasts into ciBAs within four weeks. The ciBAs exhibited increased mitochondrial levels, elevated oxygen consumption rate, and a response to β-adrenergic receptor agonists. Thus the ciBAs converted by the serum-free medium and the chemical cocktail provide a novel model of human brown (beige) adipocytes applicable for basic research, drug screening, and clinical applications.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolic Framework for Carbon Metabolism and Plant Hormones Regulation in Vigna radiata during Post-Germination Seedling Growth
Authors: Wang Hong , Guo Xinbo , Li Quan , Lu Yanyan , Huang Wenjie , Zhang Fangyuan , Chen Ling , Liu Rui Hai , Yan Shijuan
Published: February 2020

During mung bean post-germination seedling growth, various metabolic and physiological changes occurred, leading to the improvement of its nutritional values. Here, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of mung bean samples from 6-hour, 3-day and 6-day after imbibition (6-HAI, 3-DAI, and 6-DAI) were performed to characterize the regulatory mechanism of the primary metabolites during the post-germination seedling growth. From 6-HAI to 3-DAI, rapid changes in transcript level occurred, including starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, citrate cycle, amino acids synthesis, and plant hormones regulation. Later changes in the metabolites, including carbohydrates and amino acids, appeared to be driven by increases in transcript levels. During this process, most amino acids and monosaccharides kept increasing, and accumulated in 6-day germinated sprouts. These processes were also accompanied with changes in hormones including abscisic acid, gibberellin, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, etc. Overall, these results will provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the primary metabolic regulation in mung bean during post-germination seedling growth.
Effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range calcium electroporation
Authors: Novickij Vitalij , Rembialkowska Nina , Staigvila Gediminas , Kulbacka Julita
Published: February 2020

In the present study, we report the effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range (100 ns–900 ns) electroporation, calcium electroporation and cell size. The effects of 25 ns and microsecond range (100 μs) pulses were also covered. As a model, three different cancer cell lines of various size (C32, MCF-7/DX and MC38/0) were used and the results indicated different size-dependent susceptibility patterns to the treatment. The applied pulsed electric field (PEF) protocols revealed a significant decrease of cell viability when calcium electroporation was used. The dependence of calcium ion transport and finally the anticancer effect on the external medium conductivity was determined. It was shown that small differences in conductivity do not alter viability significantly, however, mostly affect the permeabilization. At the same, MC38/0 cell line was the least susceptible to calcium electroporation, while the C32 line the most. In all cases calcium electroporation was mostly dependent on the sensitivity of cells to electroporation and could not be effectively improved by the increase of CaCl2 concentration from 2 mM to 5 mM. Lastly, sub-microsecond PEF stimulated aquaporin-4 and VDAC1/Porin immunoreactions in all treated cells lines, which indicated that cell water balance is affected, ions exchange is increased and release of mitochondrial products is occurrent.
Author Correction: Using Gjd3-CreEGFP mice to examine atrioventricular node morphology and composition
Authors: Bhattacharyya Samadrita , Duan Jialei , Wang Lin , Li Boxun , Bhakta Minoti , Fernandez-Perez Antonio , Hon Gary C. , Munshi Nikhil V.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Characterization of oriented microstructures through anisotropic small-angle scattering by 2D neutron dark-field imaging
Authors: Valsecchi Jacopo , Strobl Markus , Harti Ralph Patrick , Carminati Chiara , Trtik Pavel , Kaestner Anders , Grünzweig Christian , Wang Zhentian , Jefimovs Konstantins , Kagias Matias
Published: February 2020

Within neutron imaging, different methods have been developed with the aim to go beyond the conventional contrast modalities, such as grating interferometry. Existing grating interferometers are sensitive to scattering in a single direction only, and thus investigations of anisotropic scattering structures imply the need for a circular scan of either the sample or the gratings. Here we propose an approach that allows assessment of anisotropic scattering in a single acquisition mode and to broaden the range of the investigation with respect to the probed correlation lengths. This is achieved by a far-field grating interferometer with a tailored 2D-design. The combination of a directional neutron dark-field imaging approach with a scan of the sample to detector distance yields to the characterization of the local 2D real-space correlation functions of a strongly oriented sample analogous to conventional small-angle scattering. Our results usher in quantitative and spatially resolved investigations of anisotropic and strongly oriented systems beyond current capabilities.
Bamboo-like nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers encapsulated nickel–cobalt alloy nanoparticles composite material derived from the electrospun fiber of a bimetal–organic framework as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
Authors: Feng Chao , Guo Yuan , Xie Yuehong , Cao Xianglei , Li Shiang , Zhang Liugen , Wang Wei , Wang Jide
Published: February 2020

Bamboo-like nanofibers NiCo-0.8@N-CNFs-800 demonstrated an excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, with a low reversible overpotential of 0.79 V between the ORR (E1/2) and OER (Ej = 10 mA cm−2).
Naphthalimide based smart sensor for CN−/Fe3+ and H2S. Synthesis and application in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish imaging
Authors: Naha Sanay , Wu Shu-Pao , Velmathi Sivan
Published: February 2020

Probe R designed as tailor-fit triple action smart chemosensor for the sequential detection of CN− and Fe3+via colorimetric and fluorometric ‘on–off’ method and H2S through colorimetric method in semi-aqueous conditions.
Review of recent advances in inorganic photoresists
Authors: Luo Chaoyun , Xu Chanchan , Lv Le , Li Hai , Huang Xiaoxi , Liu Wei
Published: February 2020

The current review aims to focus on recent progress and opportunities in inorganic photoresist materials, including their fabrication process, performance and working mechanism.
Ultra-thin NiS nanosheets as advanced electrode for high energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Hailong , Zhu Kejia , Liu Xu , Wang Yinghui , Wang Yangbo , Zhang Deyang , Lu Yang , Peng Tao , Liu Yunxin , Luo Yongsong
Published: February 2020

The NiS electrodes show an ultra-high capacitance of 2587.4 F g−1 and a high energy density of 38.2 W h kg−1.
A novel nanozyme based on selenopeptide-modified gold nanoparticles with a tunable glutathione peroxidase activity
Authors: Zhang Dechen , Shen Na , Zhang Junrong , Zhu Jinming , Guo Yi , Xu Li
Published: February 2020

A tunable glutathione peroxidase nanozyme based on the active center of enzyme functionalized gold nanoparticles.
Highly reproducible, high-yield flow synthesis of gold nanoparticles based on a rational reactor design exploiting the reduction of passivated Au(iii)
Authors: Panariello Luca , Damilos Spyridon , du Toit Hendrik , Wu Gaowei , Radhakrishnan Anand N. P. , Parkin Ivan P. , Gavriilidis Asterios
Published: February 2020

A highly-reproducible, high-yield flow synthesis of gold nanoparticles is developed based on synthesis kinetics from a high-pH gold precursor solution.
Protein corona formation and its influence on biomimetic magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Peigneux Ana , Glitscher Emanuel A. , Charbaji Rawan , Weise Christoph , Wedepohl Stefanie , Calderón Marcelo , Jimenez-Lopez Concepción , Hedtrich Sarah
Published: February 2020

Colloidal stability and cellular uptake of MamC-biomimetic magnetite nanoparticles (BMNPs) incubated with human plasma (PC-BMNPs).
β-Selective xylulofuranosylation via a conformationally-restricted glycosyl donor
Authors: Huang Bo-Shun , Lowary Todd L.
Published: February 2020

Reported is the first stereoselective method for β-xylulofuranosylation, which employs 3,4-O-xylylene-protected thioglycoside donors.
Efficient biodiesel production from oleic acid using metal–organic framework encapsulated Zr-doped polyoxometalate nano-hybrids
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Lei Dandan , Luo Qizhi , Wang Jialu , Deng Taoli , Zhang Yutao , Ma Peihua
Published: February 2020

Zr-doped silicotungstic acid supported on MOFs were synthesized and used as a highly active nanocatalyst for esterification. Meanwhile, the nano-hybrids showed good reusability and may contribute to the economical benefits of biodiesel synthesis.
Electrochemical preparation system for unique mesoporous hemisphere gold nanoparticles using block copolymer micelles
Authors: Lim Hyunsoo , Nagaura Tomota , Kim Minjun , Kani Kenya , Kim Jeonghun , Bando Yoshio , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , You Jungmok , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: February 2020

Mesoporous hemisphere Au nanoparticles using self-assembled micelles, for the first time, are demonstrated by using electrochemical reduction on a Ti substrate.
Nanorod position and orientation in vertical cylinder block copolymer films
Authors: Rasin Boris , Lindsay Benjamin J. , Ye Xingchen , Meth Jeffrey S. , Murray Christopher B. , Riggleman Robert A. , Composto Russell J.
Published: February 2020

Nanorods bridge vertical cylinders in vertical cylinder diblock copolymer films.
Design and synthesis of an amino-functionalized non-fullerene acceptor as a cathode interfacial layer for polymer solar cells
Authors: Luo Peng , An Kang , Ying Lei , Li Guanze , Zhu Chunguang , Fan Baobing , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: February 2020

A non-fullerene acceptor with amino groups can be used as a cathode interlayer to enhance the photovoltaic performance.
Compact closed‐loop resonator filters with wide spurious free band and extended common‐mode noise suppression
Authors: Arbelaez Arcesio , Olvera Jose‐Luis , Corona Alonso , Saavedra Carlos
Published: February 2020

A theoretical analysis is presented for miniaturised filters with an extended stopband and extended common‐mode (CM) rejection, using loaded closed‐loop resonators. A numerical method is presented to solve the equations extracted from the ideal transmission line model. Selection of critical resonator parameters to minimise filter area while simultaneously maximising the differential‐mode (DM) stopband or the CM noise suppression is explored. The trade‐off between size, stopband and CM rejection is presented and used to design three filters at 1 GHz, which are designed to verify the proposed concept. First, a differential second‐order filter with an extended DM stopband ( dB) up to and extended CM noise suppression ( dB) up to 6.42 is realised to show the parameter trade‐offs. Then optimal resonators are used to develop a compact singled‐ended filter () with an extended stopband ( dB) up to and the smallest size. Lastly, a second order filter with an optimal extended CM rejection ( dB) up to is presented. Measured results are presented. All three filters stand out compared to other works by exhibiting the smallest footprint relative to the operating frequency.
Compact dual‐wideband multi‐mode printed quasi‐Yagi antenna with dual‐driven elements
Authors: Liang Zhijian , Yuan Jie
Published: February 2020

The design and analysis of a compact dual‐wideband multi‐mode resonant printed quasi‐Yagi antenna with dual‐driven element is presented. In the design, an orthogonal dual‐bowtie dipole is applied as the driven element to achieve the dual‐band characteristic with minimal size. The dual‐bowtie dipole is designed to operate in the multi‐mode resonance to expand its bandwidth. The structure is 60% smaller than the wideband printed Yagi antennas in the literature. Besides, the designed antenna achieves two wide fractional bandwidths of 44% (0.84–1.31 GHz) and 115% (1.56–5.78 GHz) with a stable high gain of 3.4 ± 0.8 and 3.6 ± 1.6 dBi, respectively. Simulation and measurement results are included.
Communication system effects on the secondary control performance in microgrids
Authors: Tavassoli Babak , Fereidunian Alireza , Mehdi Savaghebi
Published: February 2020

In the most common hierarchical control structure for microgrids, the secondary control layer relies on communication technologies for receiving feedback data and sending control commands. The imperfections of communication such as the delays can cause oscillations during the voltage and frequency restoration which degrade the power quality. This work aims at studying this effect in the case of a typical AC microgrid in the islanded mode. For this purpose, stochastic delay models for industrial communication protocols are combined with a simulation model of the microgrid together with its control system up to the secondary level. The results illustrate how the choice of communication technology can affect the transient response. Additionally, compensation of the control performance for the effects of communication is considered. A simple method is used to improve the control performance only by retuning the controller coefficients, without altering the standard control structure. It is shown that appropriate retuning of the secondary controller can prevent from oscillations caused by the delays and improve the power quality to some extent. The presented framework can be used for designing and verifying the combination of communication and control subsystems in microgrids.
Extended object tracking using random matrix with converted measurements
Authors: Li Zhifei , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Jiegui , Zhou Qingsong
Published: February 2020

The random matrix approach for extended object tracking (EOT) is appealing. This approach assumes that the measurements are linear in the kinematic state and measurement noise. In many practical applications, however, this linear condition cannot always be satisfied. First, this study derives a linearised measurement model. The model first employs a decorrelated unbiased technique to convert the non‐linear measurements into Cartesian coordinates. Then, due to the property of the random matrix as the covariance of the extension noise, the model reformulates the likelihood function by calculating a product of two multivariate Gaussian distributions. The proposed linearised measurement model can be incorporated into existing random matrix approaches. Secondly, to describe a more complicated dynamics without the restriction of the existing random matrix framework, the authors propose a variational Bayesian (VB) approach for EOT. The VB approach minimises the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the true and approximate posterior density to obtain a convergent solution. The effectiveness of the proposed linearised model and the VB approach is illustrated by simulation results.
Universal equipment for determining traction resistance of working bodies and their combinations designed for soil treatment
Authors: Erzamaev Maxim P. , Sazonov Dmitry S. , Afonin Alexander E. , Kurmanova Leila S. , Nesterov Evgeny S.
Published: February 2020

The article describes a strain gauge measuring system designed for measuring the traction resistance of tillage bodies and their combinations. Technical tools measure the traction resistance of the whole machine or one working body which is not an objective and reliable characteristics of combined tillage units. The design and principle of operation of the tensometric measuring system designed and manufactured by Samara State Agrarian University is described. It is used to determine the traction resistance of individual working bodies and their combinations. The results show that the measurement data on traction resistance are in compliance with the calculated values.
Potato productivity against different variants of mineral nutrition and density of planting on irrigated soils in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region
Authors: Vladimirov Vladimir P. , Gaynutdinov Marat T. , Kokrov Aleksandr Yu. , Sitnikova Natalya V.
Published: February 2020

The article studies the reaction of new Bellarosa potato variety on the introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers and the density of planting in the forest-steppe soil of the Middle Volga region. The research shows that increased nutrition appropriately raises the yield of Bellarosa potato variety. The introduction of calculated fertilizer doses aimed at obtaining 30 tons of potato per hectare has increased the yield by 8.17–10.96 t/hectare depending on the planting density. Over 4 years of research the highest yield of 31.18 t/hectare was obtained when the planting density was 66.6 thousand tubers per hectare. It’s worth noting that higher planting density increased the effectiveness of the fertilizer introduced in calculated doses for this level of yield. The increase in potato harvest, in this case, was 4.22 and 5.81 t/hectare. The following increase in planting density with further enhancement of nutrition didn’t show such high effectiveness. For example, in the case of fertilizer dose calculated for the yield of 35 t/hectare the increase of density to 60.6 and 66.6 thousand tubers per hectare (in comparison with 55.5 thousand) gave the rise of 1.62 and 2.62 t/hectare in yield. Over 4 years of research the introduction of the fertilizer dose calculated for the yield of 40 t/hectare gave an additional 1.60 and 2.90 tons of potato per hectare.
Red scarlett potato yield when using elements of a biological agriculture system on gray forest soil of the middle Volga region forest steppe
Authors: Vladimirov Konstantin V. , Kshnikatkina Anna N. , Vladimirov Vladimir P. , Mostyakova Antonina A.
Published: February 2020

The features of the formation of productivity of potatoes of the Red Scarlett variety were studied during cultivation against the background of applying different combinations of organic, mineral, sideral fertilizers and straw in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga. The studies were carried out in the field experiment in 2014–2016 on gray forest soil with medium loam particle size distribution, on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Growing and Horticulture at KSAU. The humus content in the soil of the experimental plot was 3.48-3.65 % (according to Tyurin), labile phosphorus amounted to 128-135, exchange potassium amounted to 152–165 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov), pH of the salt extract was 5.5-5.6. The experiments were performed on eight grounds with mineral nutrition. The potato yield in the reference ground due to natural fertility was 18.26 t/ha. Separate application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K90 over an average of three years increased the tuber yield as compared to the reference of 10.19 ha, while the introduction of 60 t/ha of manure increased the yield by 8.95 t/ha. Using a traditional fertilizer system (N60P60K90 + 60 t of manure), the yield was 34.95 t/ha. As a result of the transition to the biological fertilizer system (background + green manure + straw), the yield increased to 36.26 t/ha, which is 1.31 t/ha higher compared to the traditional fertilizer system. On average, over 3 years, the maximum tuber yield of 37.48 t/ha was obtained by applying mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as straw. Sidereal fertilizers and straw provided an increase in the yield of tubers of 7.81 t/ha. The best results for the dry matter content (22.05 %) and starch (16.04 %) were demonstrated by tubers from the reference variant. More protein (2.95 %) and vitamin C (21.24 mg %) contained in tubers from the variant when mineral fertilizers were applied in a dose (N60P60K90-background) + green manure + straw.
The organization of management accounting as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Kudryashova Yu. N. , Lazareva T. G. , Makushina T. N. , Chernova Yu. V.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses a comparative analysis of full cost systems, “direct cost” and “standard cost”. A comparative characteristic and features of using the accrual method and the cash basis method in management accounting are given. A practical example illustrates the advantages of using the cash method and the accrual method in calculating marginal income. The necessity of reflecting the marginal profit on a separate account 92 “Marginal profit (loss)” is substantiated and, in accordance with this, correspondence of accounts on the formation of marginal income using various methods is proposed. A new methodology for calculating CVP analysis indicators is proposed.
Peculiarities of development of the black poplar (pópulus nígra) in different forestry conditions, Middle Volga, Russia
Authors: Trots Natalia M. , Trots Vasily B. , Obuschenko Sergey V. , Akhmatov Dmitry A. , Abdulvaleev Rishat R.
Published: February 2020

The regularities of growth and development of black poplar in various plantings and forest growing conditions are revealed. It is established that the highest tree stands of black poplar are on average 30 m. With a trunk diameter of 44 cm, a class I bonitet, a fullness of the studied rock in a stands of 0, 5 and a stock of wood per 1 ha of 206 m3 are formed in the nettle. The black poplars that grow in the oak forests of the trees have the lowest productivity. The height of the trees and the diameter of the trunks in these forest conditions are on average 42, 1−57, 0 % and 1, 6—1, 8 times less, respectively, than the stands formed in the nettle and the pine-shrub pine forests, as well as by 31, 5 and 33, 3 % of the trees growing in vegetation near the riverside. The black poplar quality class in this type of forest is IV, and the stock of raw wood per 1 ha was only 54 m3, with the standing tree of the studied species of 0, 4.
Theory and practice of feed silage in containers made of airtight film
Authors: Nekrashevich Vladimir , Mamonov Roman , Torzhenova Tatiana , Vorobyova Irina , Khazimov Marat
Published: February 2020

The article provides a brief analysis of research results in the field of preparation and storage of silage feed. A brief description of the innovative energy – resource saving technology for the preparation and storage of silage in vacuum-processed containers made from an airtight film is given. The theory of compaction of feed in a container due to its self-weight of the silage and vacuum pressure is presented. It is shown that only vacuum gauge pressure acts on the top of a container, and the difference between the gauge pressure and the lateral and axial pressure, respectively act on the side and bottom of it. The practice of using vacuum-processed containers during silage has shown that a compacted layer is formed over the entire surface of the obtained monolith, which prevents the exit of juice and air from silage. With the porosity of the mass approaching zero, the density of grinded mass of plants approaches the density of their stems and further compaction of silage is senseless. Sufficient vacuum for silage is 60–70 kPa. The density of the compressed silage monoliths in this case is 700–800 kg/m3.
Development and application of cereal mycelium supplements in food production
Authors: Blinova Oksana , Trots Aliya , Prazdnichkova Natalya , Alexandrova Ekaterina
Published: February 2020

Development of industrial technologies of production of protein products from plant materials is one of the main directions of increasing food products, improving nutritional and biological values. Protein supplements produced from grain flour enriched with mycelium are promising. When producing bread and pasts from wheat flour, the use of 3% wheat, oat, barley and millet flour enriched with mycelium is optimal. Quality values of yohurt drinks can be improved by adding 2% protein supplements based on oat and buckwheat.
The study of the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in F1 hybrids of winter soft wheat
Authors: Antoshina Olga , Odnodushnova Julia , Fadkin Gennadiy , Kondakova Irina , Fedosova Olga
Published: February 2020

In the conditions of the south of the Nonchernozem Zone, intraspecific hybridization of winter soft wheat was carried out. When selecting parental forms used in crossing, special attention was paid to such economically valuable traits as productive tilling capacity, the number of grains and the mass of grain per spike. The true (Htru) and hypothetical heterosis (Hhyp) on the basis of “plant height”, “length of the lower internode”, “length of the upper internode”, “general tilling capacity”, “productive tilling capacity”, “spike length”, “number of spikelets”, “number of grains” and “grain weight per spike” were determined. It was established that the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of the first generation was distinguished by the complex nature of distribution by types. Studies have made possible to identify 5 hybrid combinations F1, in which the effect of heterosis manifests itself simultaneously on five quantitative characteristics (ear length, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, mass grain from a plant).
Dynamics of variability of the animal heart rhythm and its correlation with economic parameters and age
Authors: Emelyanova A. S. , Kashirina L. G. , Stepura E. E. , Emelyanov S. D. , Borycheva Yu. P.
Published: February 2020

For several years, strengthened state support caused a situation, when domestic livestock has reached the European level on many qualitative and quantitative parameters. At the same time, dairy cattle breeding remains one of the most problematic branches. Intense loads during economic use lead to a decrease in vital energy and functional and physiological reserves of the body. The problem of reducing the economic characteristics of cows with age is relevant. In this regard, many questions related to the need to preserve these functional reserves arise and the latter can be studied using non-invasive methods. One of such methods is cardiointervalometry of heart rate variability. The method allows evaluating the physiological state of the animal, which can be influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors.
Studies on genes expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved into the genetic information implementation in E.coli cells due to the antibiotic resistance against apramycin and cefatoxime
Authors: Fomenko Oleg , Mikhailov Evgeny , Pasko Nadezhda , Grin Svetlana , Koshchaev Andrey , Syromiatnikov Mikhail
Published: February 2020

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is considered a serious problem. The resistance of bacteria against antimicrobial substances becomes important in the repair systems for damage to DNA and RNA molecules. The role of the antioxidant system in the development of bacterial resistance against antibiotics is not yet practically studied. The article studied the expression regulation of the genes of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in the genetic information in E. coli cells with the antibiotic resistance against apramycin and cefatoxime. The study was conducted on bacterial cells resistant against these two antibiotics. The genes blaOXA-1, blaSHV, blaTEM, mdtK, aadA1, aadA2, sat, strA, blaCTX, blaPER-2, tnpA, tnpR, intC1 and intC1c were identified in bacterial cell case. This indicates the presence of plasmids in bacteria with these genes, which provide bacterial resistance to apramycin and cefatoxime. It was established that during the formation of cefotaxime resistance, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase gene: in comparison with the control group, the representation of its transcripts increased 141.04 times for cefotoxime and 155.42 times for apramycin. It has been established that during the formation of resistance to the studied antibiotics in E. coli, an increase in the expression of the end4 and end3 genes is observed. There is tendency toward an increase in the number of transcripts of the pol3E gene observed in the formation of resistance against cefotaxime and apromycin.
The pathogenetic aspects of acute intestinal infections of suckling piglets
Authors: Shakhov Alexey G. , Sashnina Larisa Yu. , Vladimirova Julia Y. , Jeines Maria Y. , Samuilenko Anatoly Y.
Published: February 2020

According to the studies piglets with intestinal infections compared to the clinically healthy animals, have lower the content of total protein, gamma globulins and general immunoglobulins, higher levels of malondialdehyde and endogenous intoxication, low molecular weight circulating immune complexes, lysozyme and complementary blood serum activity, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, their absorption and metabolic ability with a low functional reserve of phagocytes. The revealed changes in the biochemical, antioxidant, and immune status should be considered one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the complex process of inflammation, as well as their diagnostic value in case of intestinal pathology caused by bacteria.
The influence of growth regulators on the productive capacity of spring wheat
Authors: Isaychev Vitaliy , Andreev Nikolay , Bogapova Myariam
Published: February 2020

The author(s) studied the influence of various growth regulators on the yield and grain quality of the spring wheat variety “Zemlyachka” under the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Volga region. The studies have shown that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with growth regulators has a positive effect on the yield of the experimental crop, providing an increase of 0.17–0.40 t/ha. The use of growth regulators in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat has a positive effect on the formation of grain quality indicators, which determine the technological and baking properties of products, such as the content of protein and starch, the quantity and quality of gluten, and the volumetric weight of grain.
Improving the operational efficiency of tractors by ensuring their ability to perform work
Authors: Yahin Sergej , Gabdrafikov Fanil , Khaliullin Farit , Khusainov Rail , Naficov Insaf
Published: February 2020

Development of agriculture in conditions of market relations is accompanied by aggravation of the problem of efficiency of use of technics. In this connection, the task of scientists is to increase the actual volume of work performed by tractor units, reducing the cost per unit of production. The high cost of tractors, the lack of personnel, the reduction of technical equipment of farms and the increase in the volume of products produced in the agro-industrial complex, natural and climatic conditions impose special requirements on technical service to maintain tractors in working conditions. The working state of tractors is the state at which values of parameters, which characterize ability to execute the given functions, correspond to normative-reference and design documents. During the operation of tractors in agriculture under the influence of various factors, wear of their parts and knots. The indicator determining the value of wear is the residual resource of aggregates and knots of technics. In the article the questions of influence of residual resources of basic aggregates and systems of tractor on frequency of failures of various groups of complexity are considered. Experimental research on determination of dependencies of residual resources of tractor units and frequency of failures of different groups of complexity, on the basis of which the rules of replacement of the unit whose resource are exhausted, is carried out, i.e. is replaced with a full of the resource (new) or on the aggregate after overhaul.
Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system
Authors: Kutilkin V. G. , Zudilin S.N. , Shevchenko S. N.
Published: February 2020

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.
Evaluation of variability of agrochemical properties on agricultural lands in precision farming perspective technologies
Authors: Smirnova Elena , Giniyatullin Kamil , Sahabiev Ilnas , Ryzhikh Liudmila
Published: February 2020

Using the example of two crop rotation fields located in the chernozem zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the spatial variability of soils agrochemical properties was assessed in terms of the application of precision farming technologies when applying mineral fertilizers. It is shown that the use of mixed samples of polygons with an area of 5 ha as an elementary sampling site is sufficient detail for a geostatistical description of the spatial heterogeneity of the agrochemical properties of chernozem soils.
Disaggregated control of blood vessels over platelets in milk piglets
Authors: Tkacheva Elena S.
Published: February 2020

The important element in the functioning of hemostasis in the body of a piglet is platelet aggregation activity. The degree of its severity in piglets largely controls the functional state of primary hemostasis and the severity of microcirculation in their tissues, determining the formation of many functional mechanisms. The aggregation activity of platelets in early ontogenesis significantly determines the growth and development of the animal in the future and ultimately the level of its productivity. The examination of 36 healthy piglets of milk nutrition showed a decrease in the content of peroxidation products in their blood as a result of increased activity of their antioxidant potential in plasma. This led to their weak platelet alteration, contributing to their optimal aggregation activity. In piglets during the phase of milk feeding, a gradual increase in the aggregation properties of platelets is noted, regulating blood flow in vessels of the smallest caliber.
Functional properties of hemostasis in piglets after short-term overheating against the background of corrective action
Authors: Zaitsev Vladimir V. , Mekhanikova Marina V. , Shestakova Svetlana V. , Ryzhakina Tatyana P.
Published: February 2020

Catosal is considered to be a highly effective bio-stimulator. It showed his properties in animals, realizing the stimulation of their tissues and organs. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Catosal on hemostatic parameters in piglets that experienced overheating. 58 piglets at the age of 2.5 months, which belonged to a large white breed, were taken into work. All animals as a result of an accidental emergency shutdown of the air conditioning system in the pigsty suffered overheating for 3 hours. These animals were randomly divided into two comparable groups. One was named experimental; the other was called control 1. Pigs of the experimental group (21 heads) received intramuscular injections of 2.5 ml of Catosal daily for 5 consecutive days, from the next day after an overheating episode. The control group 1 consisted of piglets with a total number of 21. After an overheating episode, they were under the usual conditions of a pigsty and did not receive any effects. In experimental piglets and piglets of the control group 1, all indicators were recorded in the outcome and after 30 days. Control group 2 consisted of 32 completely healthy piglets that were kept under standard conditions of a pigsty for their entire lives. They were examined once. Catosal injections in the observed piglets after overheating led to a decrease in spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation to normal levels. Against the background of the use of Catosal in the piglets that made up the experimental group, a weakening of hemocoagulation was found, which improved blood circulation in their tissues. Piglets of control group 1 showed an increase in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. This had a very negative effect on hemorheology in them and weakened their metabolism. We can assume that in piglets after overheating, in the absence of optimizing effects, hemostasis is activated. This adversely affects the course of microcirculation and inhibits growth. Injections in piglets after overheating of the Catosal lead to a weakening of hemocoagulation and platelet activity to optimum values. This normalizes the course of microcirculation in the internal organs of animals.
Changes of the agricultural staff potential in the transition to digital agriculture
Authors: Subaeva Asiya K. , Nizamutdinov Marat M. , Mavlieva Leysan M.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the study of agrarian personnel potential in the digitalization of agriculture. The article provides information on the level of implementation of the digital economy in the agricultural sector; aspects of the introduction of digital agriculture into production are revealed; the level of education of the personnel potential of rural workers is analyzed; the prospects of digitalization of the machine and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex are revealed.
Productivity of crop rotation using fertilizers and herbicides in the Vologda Oblast
Authors: Chukhina Olga , Tokareva Nadezhda , Demidova Anna , Vasilieva Tatyana , Karbasnikova Elena , Shchekutieva Natalya
Published: February 2020

The work shows that in the Vologda region on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, the use of various doses of fertilizers significantly increased the productivity of rotation crops both with and without herbicides. Fertilizer doses calculated by the balance method for the planned yield using the balance coefficients of nutrient utilization from fertilizers and soil increased the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, both by crops and weeds, compared to the control.
Veterinary sanitary assessment of chicken meat using squalene
Authors: Kirillov Igor , Asrutdinova Rezilya , Yakupova Leysan , Gilmutdinov Rustem , Fayzrakhmanova G. A.
Published: February 2020

One of the most promising sectors of agriculture is poultry farming. There are many unresolved problems, such as deaths of young birds during the first weeks of life due to the unstable immune system that develops by the end of the third week. The development and use of new immunomodulators (adjuvants) together with vaccines is a promising direction for enhancing and maintaining the natural resistance of birds and increasing their productive and economic indicators. The authors used a vaccine produced by VNIVIP – a branch of the Federal Scientific Center VNITIP RAS (St. Petersburg, Lomonosov). 45 chickens were divided into 3 groups. The control over the experimental birds was carried out until they are sixteen weeks old. An inactivated, emulsified vaccine with squalene in a dose of 0.5 cm3 was administered. Squalene is a natural unsaturated hydrocarbon which belongs to an extensive group of isoprenoids, which include Pcarotene, ubiquinone, and tocopherol. In its pure form, squalene is colorless oil, odorless and tasteless, characterized by physical and chemical stability and a high boiling point. 15 birds were vaccinated against the Newcastle disease without an adjuvant, and 15 remained intact. According to the results of organoleptic, physico-chemical and microscopic studies of chicken meat, it was found that the carcasses of experimental birds met the veterinary and sanitary requirements for high quality meat obtained from healthy birds and can be sold.
Transformation of the accountancy profession during digitalization of agriculture
Authors: Bakulina Galina , Kalinina Galina , Luchkova Inna , Pikushina Maria , Gracheva Alla
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the changes in the profession of accountant and accounting in the process of digitalization of the agricultural economy. The concept of digitalization of the economy is revealed, its directions in the agricultural sector are determined. The necessity of creating a single information space of an agricultural enterprise that promotes the interaction of structural units is considered. The priority role of accounting in the formation of the information base and in the creation of an analytical platform for the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is highlighted. The robotic system as a tool of the digital economy is presented. The stages of accounting robotization are revealed: organizational and informational, robotic data processing, reporting and analytical, account management. The characteristic of each stage is given. A scheme of the movement of information in a robotic accounting system is proposed. The prerequisites for accounting robots that have developed in the current period and are necessary for future formation are outlined. The transformation of the profession of an accountant in the digital economy into an account manager is defined and its role in the digitalization of agriculture is highlighted.