bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Converter COMI-B Technology: A New Way of CO2 Utilization
Authors: Feng Chao , Dong Jianfeng , Zhu Rong , Yang Huapeng
Published: May 2023

CO2 has characteristic properties and reactions at the converter smelting temperature, and the chemical reaction between CO2 and elements such as C and Si in the molten pool has bubble proliferation and cooling effects, which can effectively improve the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions of converter smelting. Here, an experimental study and industrial test on the application of CO2 in converter smelting were carried out. The smelting effects of Mode-1 and Mode-2 with total CO2 injection amounts of 229 Nm3 and 196 Nm3, respectively, were compared, and the changes in molten steel and slag compositions, dust removal, and gas were analyzed. The test results show that converter top and bottom blowing CO2 technology (COMI-B) technology had significant metallurgical advantages over the N-Mode; the dephosphorization rate increased by 4.2%, slag (FeO) content was reduced by 2.04%, end point nitrogen content of molten steel was reduced by 20%, gas recovery increased by 8.29 Nm3/t, and soot production was reduced by 14.7%. The results of the study provide a reference for the application of COMI-B technology in converters in the iron and steel industry and develop a new path for resource utilization of CO2.
Studying the Factors Affecting Tool Vibration and Surface Quality during Turning through 3D Cutting Simulation and Machine Learning Model
Authors: The Ho Quang Ngoc , Do Thanh Trung , Minh Pham Son
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, machining products, especially by turning methods, are more and more popular and require high-quality. With the development of science and technology, especially numerical computing technology and control technology, the application of these technological achievements to improve productivity and product quality has become increasingly essential. This study applies a simulation method considering the affecting factors of the vibration of the tool and the surface quality of the workpiece during turning. The study simulated and analyzed the characteristics of the cutting force and oscillation of the toolholder when stabilizing; at the same time, the study also simulated the behavior of the toolholder under the effect of cutting force and determined the finished surface quality through simulation. Additionally, the study utilized a machine learning model to examine the relationship between the toolholder length, cutting speed, feed rate, wavelength and surface roughness. The study found that tool hardness is the most crucial factor, and if the toolholder length exceeds the critical length, it leads to a rapid increase in roughness. In this study, the critical toolholder length was determined to be 60 mm, and this resulted in a corresponding surface roughness (Rz) of approximately 20 µm.
High-Efficiency Single-Cell Containment Microdevices Based on Fluid Control
Authors: Tanaka Daiki , Ishihara Junichi , Takahashi Hiroki , Kobayashi Masashi , Miyazaki Aya , Kajiya Satsuki , Fujita Risa , Maekawa Naoki , Yamazaki Yuriko , Takaya Akiko , Nakamura Yuumi , Furuya Masahiro , Sekiguchi Tetsushi , Shoji Shuichi
Published: May 2023

In this study, we developed a comb-shaped microfluidic device that can efficiently trap and culture a single cell (bacterium). Conventional culture devices have difficulty in trapping a single bacterium and often use a centrifuge to push the bacterium into the channel. The device developed in this study can store bacteria in almost all growth channels using the flowing fluid. In addition, chemical replacement can be performed in a few seconds, making this device suitable for culture experiments with resistant bacteria. The storage efficiency of microbeads that mimic bacteria was significantly improved from 0.2% to 84%. We used simulations to investigate the pressure loss in the growth channel. The pressure in the growth channel of the conventional device was more than 1400 PaG, whereas that of the new device was less than 400 PaG. Our microfluidic device was easily fabricated by a soft microelectromechanical systems method. The device was highly versatile and can be applied to various bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.
Double and Square Bessel–Gaussian Beams
Authors: Abramochkin Eugeny G. , Kotlyar Victor V. , Kovalev Alexey A.
Published: May 2023

We obtain a transform that relates the standard Bessel–Gaussian (BG) beams with BG beams described by the Bessel function of a half-integer order and quadratic radial dependence in the argument. We also study square vortex BG beams, described by the square of the Bessel function, and the products of two vortex BG beams (double-BG beams), described by a product of two different integer-order Bessel functions. To describe the propagation of these beams in free space, we derive expressions as series of products of three Bessel functions. In addition, a vortex-free power-function BG beam of the mth order is obtained, which upon propagation in free space becomes a finite superposition of similar vortex-free power-function BG beams of the orders from 0 to m. Extending the set of finite-energy vortex beams with an orbital angular momentum is useful in searching for stable light beams for probing the turbulent atmosphere and for wireless optical communications. Such beams can be used in micromachines for controlling the movements of particles simultaneously along several light rings.
Research Status of Manufacturing Technology of Tungsten Alloy Wire
Authors: Cao Jun , Sun Yongzhen , Wu Baoan , Tang Huiyi , Ding Yong , Song Kexing , Cui Chengqiang
Published: May 2023

In light of the fact that tungsten wire is gradually replacing high-carbon steel wire as a diamond cutting line, it is particularly important to study tungsten alloy wire with better strength and performance. According to this paper, in addition to various technological factors (powder preparation, press forming, sintering, rolling, rotary forging, annealing, wire drawing, etc.), the main factors affecting the properties of the tungsten alloy wire are the composition of the tungsten alloy, the shape and size of the powder, etc. Combined with the research results in recent years, this paper summarizes the effects of changing the composition of tungsten materials and improving the processing technology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten and its alloys and points out the development direction and trend of tungsten and its alloy wires in the future.
Exploitation of a Type 1 Toxin–Antitoxin System as an Inducible Counter-Selective Marker for Genome Editing in the Acetogen Eubacterium limosum
Authors: Millard James , Agius Alexander , Zhang Ying , Soucaille Philippe , Minton Nigel
Published: May 2023

Targeted mutations in the anaerobic methylotroph Eubacterium limosum have previously been obtained using CRISPR-based mutagenesis methods. In this study, a RelB-family toxin from Eubacterium callanderi was placed under the control of an anhydrotetracycline-sensitive promoter, forming an inducible counter-selective system. This inducible system was coupled with a non-replicative integrating mutagenesis vector to create precise gene deletions in Eubacterium limosum B2. The genes targeted in this study were those encoding the histidine biosynthesis gene hisI, the methanol methyltransferase and corrinoid protein mtaA and mtaC, and mtcB, encoding an Mttb-family methyltransferase which has previously been shown to demethylate L-carnitine. A targeted deletion within hisI brought about the expected histidine auxotrophy, and deletions of mtaA and mtaC both abolished autotrophic growth on methanol. Deletion of mtcB was shown to abolish the growth of E. limosum on L-carnitine. After an initial selection step to isolate transformant colonies, only a single induction step was required to obtain mutant colonies for the desired targets. The combination of an inducible counter-selective marker and a non-replicating integrative plasmid allows for quick gene editing of E. limosum.
Biocontrol of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Maize over a Six-Month Storage Period
Authors: Saeed Mohamed Baha , Laing Mark D.
Published: May 2023

Food security is contingent upon increasing crop yields but also upon reducing crop losses to post-harvest pests and diseases. Weevils are particularly important agents of post-harvest losses in grain crops. A long-term evaluation of a biocontrol agent, Beauveria bassiana Strain MS-8, at a single dose of 2 × 109 conidia kg−1 of grain was formulated in kaolin as a carrier at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 g kg−1 of grain and screened against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. After six months, the application of B. bassiana Strain MS-8 at all levels of kaolin significantly reduced the maize weevil populations compared to the untreated control (UTC). The best control of maize weevil was observed in the first 4 months after application. Strain MS-8 applied in a kaolin level of 1 g kg−1 performed the best, resulting in the lowest number of live weevils (36 insects/500 g of maize grain), the lowest level of grain damage (14.0%), and the least weight loss (7.0%). In the UTC the number of live insects was 340 insects/500 g of maize grain, the level of grain damage was 68.0%, and weight loss was 51.0%.
The Structural Combination of SIL and MODAG Scaffolds Fails to Enhance Binding to α-Synuclein but Reveals Promising Affinity to Amyloid β
Authors: Di Nanni Adriana , Saw Ran Sing , Bowden Gregory D. , Bidesi Natasha S. R. , Bjerregaard-Andersen Kaare , Korat Špela , Herth Matthias M. , Pichler Bernd J. , Herfert Kristina , Maurer Andreas
Published: May 2023

A technique to image α-synuclein (αSYN) fibrils in vivo is an unmet scientific and clinical need that would represent a transformative tool in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Several classes of compounds have shown promising results as potential PET tracers, but no candidate has yet exhibited the affinity and selectivity required to reach clinical application. We hypothesized that the application of the rational drug design technique of molecular hybridization to two promising lead scaffolds could enhance the binding to αSYN up to the fulfillment of those requirements. By combining the structures of SIL and MODAG tracers, we developed a library of diarylpyrazoles (DAPs). In vitro evaluation through competition assays against [3H]SIL26 and [3H]MODAG−001 showed the novel hybrid scaffold to have preferential binding affinity for amyloid β (Aβ) over αSYN fibrils. A ring-opening modification on the phenothiazine building block to produce analogs with increased three-dimensional flexibility did not result in an improved αSYN binding but a complete loss of competition, as well as a significant reduction in Aβ affinity. The combination of the phenothiazine and the 3,5-diphenylpyrazole scaffolds into DAP hybrids did not generate an enhanced αSYN PET tracer lead compound. Instead, these efforts identified a scaffold for promising Aβ ligands that may be relevant to the treatment and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Inhibition Studies on Human and Mycobacterial Carbonic Anhydrases with N-((4-Sulfamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl) Amides
Authors: Abdoli Morteza , Bonardi Alessandro , Paoletti Niccolò , Aspatwar Ashok , Parkkila Seppo , Gratteri Paola , Supuran Claudiu T. , Žalubovskis Raivis
Published: May 2023

A library of structurally diverse N-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl) amides was synthesized by selective acylation of easily accessible 4-thioureidobenzenesulfonamide with various aliphatic, benzylic, vinylic and aromatic acyl chlorides under mild conditions. Inhibition of three α-class cytosolic human (h) carbonic anhydrases (CAs) (EC 4.2.1.1); that is, hCA I, hCA II and hCA VII and three bacterial β-CAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtCA1-MtCA3) with these sulfonamides was thereafter investigated in vitro and in silico. Many of the evaluated compounds displayed better inhibition against hCA I (KI = 13.3–87.6 nM), hCA II (KI = 5.3–384.3 nM), and hCA VII (KI = 1.1–13.5 nM) compared with acetazolamide (AAZ) as the control drug (KI values of 250, 12.5 and 2.5 nM, respectively, against hCA I, hCA II and hCA VII). The mycobacterial enzymes MtCA1 and MtCA2 were also effectively inhibited by these compounds. MtCA3 was, on the other hand, poorly inhibited by the sulfonamides reported here. The most sensitive mycobacterial enzyme to these inhibitors was MtCA2 in which 10 of the 12 evaluated compounds showed KIs (KI, the inhibitor constant) in the low nanomolar range.
Reviewing Simulation Technology: Implications for Workplace Training
Authors: Sanchez Diana R. , Rueda Amanda , Kawasaki Kentaro , Van Lysebetten Saar , Diaz Daniel
Published: May 2023

Organizations have maintained a commitment to using simulation technology for training purposes because it prepares employees for realistic work scenarios they may encounter and provides a relevant method for teaching hands-on skills. One challenge that simulation technology has faced is the persistent threat of obsolescence, where investment in an up-to-date solution can rapidly become irrelevant in a matter of months or years as technology progresses. This can be particularly challenging for organizations who seek out the best solutions to help develop and train employees while facing the constraints of limited resources and lengthy acquisition times for tools and equipment. Some industries and organizations may benefit from anticipating which technologies might best serve employees and stakeholders in the future. In this manuscript, we took a historical approach, looking at the history of training and the use of simulation-like experiences over time, which helps us identify historical themes in workplace training. Next, we carried out a systematic review of the recent training research using simulation technology to understand how these recent findings help us understand the identified historical themes. Lastly, we summarized the research literature on simulation technology used for training, and highlighted future directions and made recommendations for practitioners and researchers.
Improved Endurance of Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Using Laminated-Structure Interlayer
Authors: Chen Meiwen , Lv Shuxian , Wang Boping , Jiang Pengfei , Chen Yuanxiang , Ding Yaxin , Wang Yuan , Chen Yuting , Wang Yan
Published: May 2023

In this article, the endurance characteristic of the TiN/HZO/TiN capacitor was improved by the laminated structure of a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film. Altering the HZO deposition ratio, the laminated-structure interlayer was formed in the middle of the HZO film. Although small remanent polarization reduction was observed in the capacitor with a laminated structure, the endurance characteristic was improved by two orders of magnitude (from 106 to 108 cycles). Moreover, the leakage current of the TiN/HZO/TiN capacitor with the laminated-structure interlayer was reduced by one order of magnitude. The reliability enhancement was proved by the Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) test, and the optimization results were attributed to the migration inhibition and nonuniform distribution of oxygen vacancies. Without additional materials and a complicated process, the laminated-structure method provides a feasible strategy for improving HZO device reliability.
Evaluation of Poly(N-Ethyl Pyrrolidine Methacrylamide) (EPA) and Derivatives as Polymeric Vehicles for miRNA Delivery to Neural Cells
Authors: Soto Altea , Nieto-Díaz Manuel , Martínez-Campos Enrique , Noalles-Dols Ana , Barreda-Manso María Asunción , Reviriego Felipe , Reinecke Helmut , Reigada David , Muñoz-Galdeano Teresa , Novillo Irene , Gallardo Alberto , Rodríguez-Hernández Juan , Eritja Ramón , Aviñó Anna , Elvira Carlos , M. Maza Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short RNA oligonucleotides that regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins to control cells’ function in physiological and pathological conditions. miRNA therapeutics are highly specific, reducing the toxicity associated with off-target effects, and require low doses to achieve therapeutic effects. Despite their potential, applying miRNA-based therapies is limited by difficulties in delivery due to their poor stability, fast clearance, poor efficiency, and off-target effects. To overcome these challenges, polymeric vehicles have attracted a lot of attention due to their ease of production with low costs, large payload, safety profiles, and minimal induction of the immune response. Poly(N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide) (EPA) copolymers have shown optimal DNA transfection efficiencies in fibroblasts. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of EPA polymers as miRNA carriers for neural cell lines and primary neuron cultures when they are copolymerized with different compounds. To achieve this aim, we synthesized and characterized different copolymers and evaluated their miRNA condensation ability, size, charge, cytotoxicity, cell binding and internalization ability, and endosomal escape capacity. Finally, we evaluated their miRNA transfection capability and efficacy in Neuro-2a cells and rat primary hippocampal neurons. The results indicate that EPA and its copolymers, incorporating β-cyclodextrins with or without polyethylene glycol acrylate derivatives, can be promising vehicles for miRNA administration to neural cells when all experiments on Neuro-2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons are considered together.
10-Hydroxy Decanoic Acid-Based Vesicles as a Novel Topical Delivery System: Would It Be a Better Platform Than Conventional Oleic Acid Ufasomes for Skin Cancer Treatment?
Authors: Atef Bassant , Ishak Rania A. H. , Badawy Sabry S. , Osman Rihab
Published: May 2023

10-hydroxy decanoic acid (HDA), a naturally derived fatty acid, was used for the preparation of novel fatty acid vesicles for comparison with oleic acid (OA) ufasomes. The vesicles were loaded with magnolol (Mag), a potential natural drug for skin cancer. Different formulations were prepared using the thin film hydration method and were statistically evaluated according to a Box–Behnken design in terms of particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE). The ex vivo skin permeation and deposition were assessed for Mag skin delivery. In vivo, an assessment of the optimized formulae using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer in mice was also conducted. The PS and ZP of the optimized OA vesicles were 358.9 ± 3.2 nm and −82.50 ± 7.13 mV compared to 191.9 ± 6.28 nm and −59.60 ± 3.07 mV for HDA vesicles, respectively. The EE was high (>78%) for both types of vesicles. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed enhanced Mag permeation from all optimized formulations compared to a drug suspension. Skin deposition demonstrated that HDA-based vesicles provided the highest drug retention. In vivo, studies confirmed the superiority of HDA-based formulations in attenuating DMBA-induced skin cancer during treatment and prophylactic studies.
Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer
Authors: Jo Hyein , Shim Kyeonghee , Jeoung Dooil
Published: May 2023

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family in Annual Alfalfa (Medicago polymorpha)
Authors: Liu Nana , Wei Zhenwu , Min Xueyang , Yang Linghua , Zhang Youxin , Li Jiaqing , Yang Yuwei
Published: May 2023

SWEET (Sugars will eventually be exported transporter) proteins are a group of sugar transporters that are involved in sugar efflux, phloem loading, reproductive development, plant senescence, and stress responses. In this study, 23 SWEET transporter members were identified in the Medicago polymorpha genome, heterogeneously distributed on seven chromosomes. These MpSWEET genes were divided into four subfamilies, which showed similar gene structure and motif composition within the same subfamily. Seventeen MpSWEET genes encode seven transmembrane helices (TMHs), and all MpSWEET proteins possess conserved membrane domains and putative serine phosphorylation sites. Four and three pairs of MpSWEET genes were predicted to be segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively, which may have contributed to their evolution of M. polymorpha. The results of microarray and RNA-Seq data showed that some MpSWEET genes were specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages (including seedling stage, early flowering stage, and late flowering stage) or tissues such as flower and large pod. Based on protein network interaction and expression patterns of MpSWEET genes, six MpSWEET genes were selected for further quantitative real-time PCR validation in different stress treatments. qRT-PCR results showed that MpSWEET05, MpSWEET07, MpSWEET12, MpSWEET15, and MpSWEET21 were significantly upregulated for at least two of the three abiotic stress treatments. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of MpSWEET genes, which facilitates future research to elucidate the function of MpSWEET genes in M. polymorpha and other legume crops.
6mA DNA Methylation on Genes in Plants Is Associated with Gene Complexity, Expression and Duplication
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Qian , Yang Xingyu , Gu Xiaofeng , Chen Jinming , Shi Tao
Published: May 2023

N6-methyladenine (6mA) DNA methylation has emerged as an important epigenetic modification in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the evolution of the 6mA methylation of homologous genes after species and after gene duplications remains unclear in plants. To understand the evolution of 6mA methylation, we detected the genome-wide 6mA methylation patterns of four lotus plants (Nelumbo nucifera) from different geographic origins by nanopore sequencing and compared them to patterns in Arabidopsis and rice. Within lotus, the genomic distributions of 6mA sites are different from the widely studied 5mC methylation sites. Consistently, in lotus, Arabidopsis and rice, 6mA sites are enriched around transcriptional start sites, positively correlated with gene expression levels, and preferentially retained in highly and broadly expressed orthologs with longer gene lengths and more exons. Among different duplicate genes, 6mA methylation is significantly more enriched and conserved in whole-genome duplicates than in local duplicates. Overall, our study reveals the convergent patterns of 6mA methylation evolution based on both lineage and duplicate gene divergence, which underpin their potential role in gene regulatory evolution in plants.
Reshifting Na+ from Shoots into Long Roots Is Associated with Salt Tolerance in Two Contrasting Inbred Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines
Authors: Zhao Zhenyang , Zheng Hongxia , Wang Minghao , Guo Yaning , Wang Yingfei , Zheng Chaoli , Tao Ye , Sun Xiaofeng , Qian Dandan , Cao Guanglong , Zhu Mengqian , Liang Mengting , Wang Mei , Gong Yan , Li Bingxiao , Wang Jinye , Sun Yanling
Published: May 2023

Maize, as a glycophyte, is hypersensitive to salinity, but the salt response mechanism of maize remains unclear. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two contrasting inbred lines, the salt-tolerant QXH0121 and salt-sensitive QXN233 lines, were investigated in response to salt stress. Under salt stress, the tolerant QXH0121 line exhibited good performance, while in the sensitive QXN233 line, there were negative effects on the growth of the leaves and roots. The most important finding was that QXH0121 could reshift Na+ from shoots into long roots, migrate excess Na+ in shoots to alleviate salt damage to shoots, and also improve K+ retention in shoots, which were closely associated with the enhanced expression levels of ZmHAK1 and ZmNHX1 in QXH0121 compared to those in QXN233 under salt stress. Additionally, QXH0121 leaves accumulated more proline, soluble protein, and sugar contents and had higher SOD activity levels than those observed in QXN233, which correlated with the upregulation of ZmP5CR, ZmBADH, ZmTPS1, and ZmSOD4 in QXH0121 leaves. These were the main causes of the higher salt tolerance of QXH0121 in contrast to QXN233. These results broaden our knowledge about the underlying mechanism of salt tolerance in different maize varieties, providing novel insights into breeding maize with a high level of salt resistance.
Unveiling the Mysteries of Non-Mendelian Heredity in Plant Breeding
Authors: Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi Mohsen , Hesami Mohsen , Rajcan Istvan
Published: May 2023

Mendelian heredity is the cornerstone of plant breeding and has been used to develop new varieties of plants since the 19th century. However, there are several breeding cases, such as cytoplasmic inheritance, methylation, epigenetics, hybrid vigor, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), where Mendelian heredity is not applicable, known as non-Mendelian heredity. This type of inheritance can be influenced by several factors besides the genetic architecture of the plant and its breeding potential. Therefore, exploring various non-Mendelian heredity mechanisms, their prevalence in plants, and the implications for plant breeding is of paramount importance to accelerate the pace of crop improvement. In this review, we examine the current understanding of non-Mendelian heredity in plants, including the mechanisms, inheritance patterns, and applications in plant breeding, provide an overview of the various forms of non-Mendelian inheritance (including epigenetic inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance, hybrid vigor, and LOH), explore insight into the implications of non-Mendelian heredity in plant breeding, and the potential it holds for future research.
Exogenous Selenium and Biochar Application Modulate the Growth and Selenium Uptake of Medicinal Legume Astragalus Species
Authors: Ma Shengjun , Zhu Guangwei , Parhat Rozi , Jin Yuanyuan , Wang Xueshuang , Wu Wenping , Xu Wanli , Wang Yanling , Chen Wenfeng
Published: May 2023

Astragalus species have a certain capacity to enrich selenium (Se) and are the strongest Se hyperaccumulator legumes known globally at present. The biochar application to medicinal plants has been reported to affect plant metabolites. In this study, we aimed to employ hyperaccumulating Astragalus species in the plant growth of selenium-lacked soil, while also investigating the impact of varying selenium doses and biochar application on legumes growth, selenium content, and secondary metabolite production. Applying biochar to soil, along with a Se concentration of 6 mg/kg, significantly enhanced the growth, Se content, total polysaccharide content, and calycosin-7-glucoside content of Astragalus species (p < 0.05). Importantly, the Se and biochar application also led to a significant improvement in Se content in ABH roots (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the content of total flavonoids in ABH roots could be promoted by a Se concentration of 3 mg/kg and biochar application in soil. Additionally, the Se enrichment coefficients of Astragalus species under Se treatments were significantly higher than those under control treatment, with a marked difference observed across all treatments, whether roots or above-ground (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the Se transport coefficients of Astragalus species were observed to be lower than one, except for the transport coefficient of AB in the Se concentration of the control treatment (0 mg/kg). This result showed that a medium concentration treatment of Se and biochar application in soil not only promotes the growth of Astragalus species and the uptake of exogenous Se but also increases the active component content, meanwhile enhancing the Se enrichment and transport capacity. Taken as a whole, the present findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between distinct Se levels, as well as the addition of biochar in soil, providing valuable insight for the cultivation of Se-rich Astragalus in Se-deficient soil-plant systems.
Optimizing the Rheological and Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene-Based Composites for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Bernagozzi Giulia , Battegazzore Daniele , Arrigo Rossella , Frache Alberto
Published: May 2023

In this study, composites based on a heterophasic polypropylene (PP) copolymer containing different loadings of micro-sized (i.e., talc, calcium carbonate, and silica) and nano-sized (i.e., a nanoclay) fillers were formulated via melt compounding to obtain PP-based materials suitable for Material Extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing processing. The assessment of the thermal properties and the rheological behavior of the produced materials allowed us to disclose the relationships between the influence of the embedded fillers and the fundamental characteristics of the materials affecting their MEX processability. In particular, composites containing 30 wt% of talc or calcium carbonate and 3 wt% of nanoclay showed the best combination of thermal and rheological properties and were selected for 3D printing processing. The evaluation of the morphology of the filaments and the 3D-printed samples demonstrated that the introduction of different fillers affects their surface quality as well as the adhesion between subsequently deposited layers. Finally, the tensile properties of 3D-printed specimens were assessed; the obtained results showed that modulable mechanical properties can be achieved depending on the type of the embedded filler, opening new perspectives towards the full exploitation of MEX processing in the production of printed parts endowed with desirable characteristics and functionalities.
Superior Enhancement of the UHMWPE Fiber/Epoxy Interface through the Combination of Plasma Treatment and Polypyrrole In-Situ Grown Fibers
Authors: Yang Xiaoning , Zhang Zhongwei , Xiang Yuhang , Sun Qingya , Xia Yilu , Xiong Ziming
Published: May 2023

Obtaining a robust fiber/matrix interface is crucial for enhancing the mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced composites. This study addresses the issue by presenting a novel physical–chemical modification method to improve the interfacial property of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber and epoxy resin. The UHMWPE fiber was successfully grafted with polypyrrole (PPy) for the first time after a plasma treatment in an atmosphere of mixed oxygen and nitrogen. The results demonstrated that the maximum value of the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the UHMWPE fiber/epoxy reached 15.75 MPa, which was significantly enhanced by 357% compared to the pristine UHMWPE fiber. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the UHMWPE fiber was only slightly reduced by 7.3%, which was furtherly verified by the Weibull distribution analysis. The surface morphology and structure of the PPy in-situ grown UHMWPE fibers were studied using SEM, FTIR, and contact angle measurement. The results showed that the enhancement of the interfacial performance was attributed to the increased fiber surface roughness and in-situ grown groups, which improved the surface wettability between the UHMWPE fibers and epoxy resins.
Properties of FAPbI3-Based Alloy Perovskite Thin Films and Their Application in Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Chia-Lung , Manjunatha S. N. , Chang Sheng Hsiung , Jeng Ming-Jer , Chang Liann-Be , Chang Chun-Huan , Sharma Mukta , Yuan Chi-Tsu
Published: May 2023

Surface morphologies, light harvesting abilities, crystal structures, and excitonic properties of the formamiminium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) based alloy perovskite thin films were investigated by using the scanning electron microscopic images, absorbance spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved PL decaying curves. Our experimental results show that the fresh CsxFA1−xPbI3, RbxFA1−xPbI3, and FAPb(SCNxI1−x)3 alloy thin films are a pure α-phase perovskite crystal, a α-phase: δ-phase mixed perovskite crystal, and a PbI2 crystal/α-phase: δ-phase mixed perovskite crystal at room temperatures, respectively. Among the three FAPbI3 based alloy perovskite solar cells, the CsxFA1−xPbI3 solar cells have the better photovoltaic responses. It is noted that the high photocurrent density is mainly due to the formation of cube-like surface morphology and the long carrier lifetime of 368 ns when the CsxFA1−xPbI3 alloy perovskite thin film is used as the light-absorbing layer. Our findings provide the relation between the properties of the FAPbI3 based alloy perovskite thin films and the photovoltaic responses of the resultant solar cells.
Progress on the Microwave-Assisted Recycling of Spent Lithium Battery Graphite
Authors: Sun Jing , Chen Wenxin , Jia Kexin , Li Su , Jia Pingshan , Wang Wenlong , Song Zhanlong , Zhao Xiqiang , Mao Yanpeng , Chen Shouyan
Published: May 2023

The robust development of electric vehicles has driven a surging decommission stream of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their limited service life. The recycling of spent LIBs has become an urgent and essential task for the sustainable development of the LIB industry. However, the prevailing recycling methods focus only on recycling valuable metal, whilst the graphite anode materials are usually discarded or burned as fuels, leading to great waste of valuable carbon material. A facile strategy to obtain value-added products in an efficient manner is of great significance for the recycling of spent graphite. As graphite has excellent microwave absorption capability and electrical conductivity, microwave radiation on spent graphite can induce a Joule heat–discharge–plasma coupled effect, leading to a rapid heating process, especially when discharge occurs, exhibiting a thermal shock effect with the generation of a large number of high-energy electrons and active materials. This special feature facilitates microwave heating that is tailored for assisting the removal of impurities, structure repair, and graphite intercalation and exfoliation in an efficient manner. Therefore, different from the conventional graphite recycling route that is associated with energy/solution-intensive processes, this paper reviews the progress on microwave-assisted removal of impurities, repair of damaged graphite structure, and innovatively discusses the breakthroughs in microwave-assisted preparation of graphite intercalation compounds, expanded graphite, graphene and graphene-based materials, and porous graphene, with an aim to provide a scientific reference for the value-added resource utilization of spent graphite and preparation of new energy storage materials.
Prediction in Catalytic Cracking Process Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm Optimization of LSTM
Authors: Hong Juan , Tian Wende
Published: May 2023

Deep learning can realize the approximation of complex functions by learning deep nonlinear network structures, characterizing the distributed representation of input data, and demonstrating the powerful ability to learn the essential features of data sets from a small number of sample sets. A long short-term memory network (LSTM) is a deep learning neural network often used in research, which can effectively extract the dependency relationship between time series data. The LSTM model has many problems such as excessive reliance on empirical settings for network parameters, as well as low model accuracy and weak generalization ability caused by human parameter settings. Optimizing LSTM through swarm intelligence algorithms (SIA-LSTM) can effectively solve these problems. Group behavior has complex behavioral patterns, which makes swarm intelligence algorithms exhibit strong information exchange capabilities. The particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm are two excellent algorithms in swarm intelligent optimization. The PSO algorithm has the advantage of being a simple algorithm with fast convergence speed, fewer requirements on optimization function, and easy implementation. The CS algorithm also has these advantages, using the simulation of the parasitic reproduction behavior of cuckoo birds during their breeding period. The SIM-LSTM model is constructed in this paper, and some hyperparameters of LSTM are optimized by using the PSO algorithm and CS algorithm with a wide search range and fast convergence speed. The optimal parameter set of an LSTM is found. The SIM-LSTM model achieves high prediction accuracy. In the prediction of the main control variables in the catalytic cracking process, the predictive performance of the SIM-LSTM model is greatly improved.
A Marked Absence: Pneumatic Abandonment as Desert Hermeneutic
Authors: Hogan Micah
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the ways in which the Letters of Ammonas, John Cassian’s Conference IV, and the corpus of Macarius-Symeon appropriate and develop the motif of divine abandonment found in St. Antony and shifts it into a distinctly pneumatological key through Scriptural exegesis. Correcting a misconception popularized by Vladimir Lossky, this paper argues for a normative experience of divine abandonment in the Eastern Christian tradition via sustained engagement with the experience of those practitioners of desert spirituality. Engaging with the hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer and following the previously established trajectories of Douglas Burton-Christie, I argue that the desert fathers, despite initial hesitation and eventual qualification, accepted the reality of pneumatic abandonment due to the interlocking pressures of Scripture and monastic experience. The paper concludes with some implications for contemporary pneumatological discussions by drawing critical parallels between the pneumatological tradition of the desert and the contemporary pneumatic doctrine of Ephraim Radner. Radner is affirmed in his insistence on individual pneumatic abandonment but is critically questioned regarding his articulation of the pneumatic abandonment of the Church through the vantage of Macarius-Symeon’s stabilized pneumatology.
Predicting Multidimensional Poverty with Machine Learning Algorithms: An Open Data Source Approach Using Spatial Data
Authors: Muñetón-Santa Guberney , Manrique-Ruiz Luis Carlos
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a methodology to estimate the multidimensional poverty index using spatial data at the street block level. The data used in this study were obtained from Open Street Maps and ESA’s land use cover, which are freely available sources of spatial information. The study employs five machine-learning algorithms, including Catboost, Lightboost, and Random Forest, to estimate the multidimensional poverty index with spatial granularity. The results indicate that these models achieve promising performance in predicting poverty levels in Medellín, Colombia. The results showed that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest performance, with an MAE of 0.07504. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the multidimensional poverty estimate was highly correlated with the true values of the distribution. This work contributes to predicting multidimensional poverty by demonstrating the potential of machine learning algorithms to utilize accessible spatial data. By providing evidence of the feasibility of estimating poverty levels at a granular spatial level, this methodology offers a powerful tool for policymakers to make poverty social interventions with low-cost evidence. Furthermore, this study has important implications for poverty eradication efforts in developing countries, where access to reliable data remains challenging.
Prediction of Soil Salinity/Sodicity and Salt-Affected Soil Classes from Soluble Salt Ions Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Andrade Foronda Demis , Colinet Gilles
Published: May 2023

Salt-affected soils are related to salinity (high content of soluble salts) and/or sodicity (excess of sodium), which are major leading causes of agricultural land degradation. This study aimed to evaluate the performances of three machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting the soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity (ECe), and salt-affected soil classes, from soluble salt ions. The assessed ML models were Partial Least-Squares (PLS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forests (RF). Soil samples were collected from the High Valley of Cochabamba (Bolivia). The explanatory variables were the major soluble ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, CO32−, SO42−). The variables to be explained comprised soil ECe and ESP, and a categorical variable classified through the US Salinity Lab criteria. According to the model validation, the SVM and RF regressions performed the best for estimating the soil ECe, as well as the RF model for the soil ESP. The RF algorithm was superior for predicting the salt-affected soil categories. Soluble Na+ was the most relevant variable for all the predictions, followed by Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and HCO3−. The RF and SVM models can be used to predict soil ECe and ESP, as well as the salt-affected soil classes, from soluble ions. Additional explanatory features and soil samples might improve the ML models’ performance. The obtained models may contribute to the monitoring and management of salt-affected soils in the study area.
The Effect of a Home-Based Tele-Exercise Training Program on the Quality of Life and Physical Performance in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Andrioti Andreana , Papadopetraki Argyro , Maridaki Maria , Philippou Anastassios
Published: May 2023

The number of breast cancer (BCa) survivors has been steadily increasing due to advances in anti-cancer treatments, though these individuals suffer from various cancer- and treatment-related long-term side effects. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a home-based tele-exercise training intervention on physical- and mental health-associated parameters in BCa survivors. A total of 13 female BCa survivors (age: 58.31 ± 3.13 years, BMI: 25.68 ± 0.62 kg/m2, waist circumference: 96.54 ± 1.84 cm) participated in a two-month group tele-exercise program twice per week which included aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises. The results of the study revealed that the tele-exercise intervention improved participants’ body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (6 min walk test) (p < 0.001) and muscle function (sit to stand (p < 0.01), sit ups (p < 0.001) and push-ups (p < 0.001)). Beneficial effects were also observed on perceived anxiety (Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) (p < 0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PCL-C) (p < 0.01), self-reported fatigue (p < 0.001), quality of life (QoL) (p < 0.05) and physical (p < 0.05), cognitive (p < 0.01) and emotional (p < 0.05) functioning (EORTQ-QLQ-C30). Our findings suggest that common cancer- and treatment-related adverse effects on physical performance, mental health and the overall QoL can be ameliorated through tele-exercise training programs in BCa survivors.
Evaluating the Impact of Workplace Friendship on Social Loafing in Long-Term Care Institutions: An Empirical Study
Authors: Yang Feng-Hua , Shiu Fang-Jie
Published: May 2023

In light of the aging population and the rapid growth of people with mental and physical disabilities, the demand for long-term care has increased significantly. In order to meet the massive need for long-term care, the government of the Republic of China has accelerated the training of manpower for care services, and the number of qualified staff and institutions in the long-term care industry has increased accordingly. Although the need for long-term care employees has increased, they face problems such as low pay, low levels of decent work feelings, and high work pressure. Moreover, the increase in employee numbers in the organization does not improve the overall efficiency of long-term care workers. Instead, it has a social loafing effect. Not only in Taiwan, but other countries worldwide, such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and the United Arab Emirates, are experiencing a staff shortage, a lack of training, and social loafing in long-term care institutions due to the aging of their populations. Therefore, in this study, workplace friendship as the independent variable, organizational commitment and psychological safety as the mediating variables, and service climate as the moderating variable were used to investigate the effects of social loafing on the employees of long-term care institutions in Taiwan. The results showed that workplace friendship between employees positively and significantly affects organizational commitment and psychological safety. Moreover, organizational commitment and psychological safety will negatively and significantly affect their social loafing. Second, organizational commitment and psychological safety have mediating effects between workplace friendship and social loafing. Furthermore, the service climate of employees in long-term care institutions will positively moderate the impact of their workplace friendship on psychological safety. The results will be provided to those in charge of the long-term care service industry, training institutions, long-term care business-related organizations, and government agencies, as well as for reference in subsequent studies.