bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: liver and kidney injury from remdesivir—an issue not as much as its purpose. Authors' reply
Authors: Wong Carlos K. H. , Au Ivan C. H. , Cheng Wing Yiu , Man Kenneth K. C. , Lau Kristy T. K. , Mak Lung Yi , Lui Sing Leung , Chung Matthew S. H. , Xiong Xi , Lau Eric H. Y. , Cowling Benjamin J.
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16894 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16921
Editorial: safety in numbers—cycling of biologics does not increase risk of adverse outcomes
Authors: Faye Adam S. , Axelrad Jordan E.
Published: May 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Moens et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16928
Reaching people receiving opioid agonist therapy at community pharmacies with hepatitis C virus: an international randomised controlled trial
Authors: Byrne Christopher J. , Radley Andrew , Inglis Sarah K. , Beer Lewis , Palmer Nicki , Duc Pham Minh , Allardice Kate , Wang Huan , Robinson Emma , Hermansson Monika , Semizarov Dimitri , Healy Brendan , Doyle Joseph S. , Dillon John F.
Published: May 2022

Background

Conventional healthcare models struggle to engage those at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This international study evaluated point‐of‐care (PoC) HCV RNA diagnostic outreach and direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in community pharmacies.

Aims

We assessed the effectiveness of a roving nurse‐led pathway offering PoC HCV RNA testing to OAT clients in community pharmacies relative to conventional care.

Methods

Pharmacies in Scotland, Wales, and Australia were randomised to provide PoC HCV RNA testing or conventional referral. Pharmacists directed OAT clients to on‐site nurses (intervention) or local clinics (control). Infected participants were treated with DAAs, alongside OAT. Primary outcome was the number of participants with sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR) and analysed using mixed effects logistic regression in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population.

Results

Forty pharmacies were randomised. The ITT population contained 1410 OAT clients. In the conventional arm (n = 648), 62 (10%) agreed to testing, 17 (27%) were tested, 6 (35%) were positive and 5 (83%) initiated treatment. In the intervention arm (n = 762), 148 (19%) agreed to testing, 144 (97%) were tested, 23 (16%) were positive and 22 (96%) initiated treatment. SVR was obtained by 2 (40%; conventional) and 18 (82%; intervention). Intervention arm participants had higher odds of testing, OR 16.95 (7.07–40.64, p < 0.001); treatment, OR 4.29 (1.43–12.92, p = 0.010); and SVR, OR 8.64 (1.82–40.91, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Nurse‐led PoC diagnosis in pharmacies made HCV care more accessible for OAT clients relative to conventional care. However, strategies to improve testing uptake are required. Trial registration: NCT03935906.
Effect of timing of paddock allocation in tropical grass on performance, nitrogen excretion, and enteric methane emissions from dairy cows
Authors: Batalha Camila Delveaux Araujo , Franklin de Souza Congio Guilhermo , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , Berndt Alexandre , Frighetto Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi , Santos Flávio Augusto Portela , Da Silva Sila Carneiro
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of timing of paddock allocation (AM or PM) in tropical grass on nutritive value of the herbage, dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen excretion, and enteric CH4 emissions of dairy cows. Twenty cows were grouped in pairs and randomly distributed within pair to one of two treatments. PM herbage had greater contents of dry matter (DM), soluble carbohydrates, starch, and nonfibrous carbohydrate to protein ratio and lower contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. There was no treatment effect on DMI, N excretion, milk yield, and CH4 emissions. However, milk protein and casein yields tended to be greater for PM than AM, while milk urea nitrogen concentration was lower for PM than AM. The increase in nutritive value of the afternoon relative to the morning herbage within the framework of this study was not large enough to increase DMI and milk yield or to decrease CH4 emission intensity by the dairy cows as hypothesized. The findings indicate that PM treatment can be a simple and useful grazing strategy that results in an herbage harvest with greater nutritional value and in lower excretion of urea N into milk.
Comparison of thrombocytopenia between patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and those with hepatitis C virus‐related chronic liver disease
Authors: Kinoshita Naohiko , Shima Toshihide , Terasaki Kei , Oya Hirohisa , Katayama Takayuki , Matsumoto Junko , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Mizuno Masayuki , Mizuno Chiemi , Hirohashi Rina , Sakai Kyoko , Okanoue Takeshi
Published: May 2022

Aim

Thrombocytopenia is widely recognized as a simple surrogate marker of liver fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thrombocytopenia of NAFLD has not been compared with that of hepatitis C virus‐related chronic liver disease (CLD‐C). Here, we examined whether there is any difference in the platelet counts between patients with NAFLD and CLD‐C and investigated the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A total of 760 biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD and 1171 CLD‐C patients were enrolled. After stratification according to the liver fibrosis stage, platelet counts between NAFLD and CLD‐C patients were compared. The platelet count, spleen size, serum albumin level, serum thrombopoietin level, and immature platelet fraction (IPF) value were also compared after covariate adjustment using propensity score (PS) matching.

Results

The median platelet counts (×104/μL) of NAFLD and CLD‐C patients were 20.2 and 18.7 (p = 2.4 × 10−5) in F1; 20.0 and 14.5 (p = 2.1 × 10−12) in F2; 16.9 and 12.3 (p = 8.1 × 10−10) in F3; and 11.1 and 8.1 (p = 0.02) in F4, respectively. In the F3 group, NAFLD patients had a significantly higher platelet count and significantly smaller spleen volume than CLD‐C patients. Although the serum thrombopoietin levels were comparable between NAFLD and CLD‐C patients, the IPF value of NAFLD patients was significantly higher than that of CLD‐C patients.

Conclusions

NAFLD patients had a significantly higher platelet count than CLD‐C patients following stratification according to the liver fibrosis stage. The milder hypersplenism and higher platelet production in NAFLD than CLD‐C may have contributed to this difference.
The effects of a mobile application for patient participation to improve patient safety
Authors: Lee Nam‐Ju , Ahn Shinae , Lee Miseon
Published: May 2022

Background

Patient participation in patient safety activities in care processes is a fundamental element of safer care. Patients play an important role in preventing patient safety incidents and improving health outcomes. Therefore, healthcare providers need to develop and provide educational materials and actionable tools for patient participation.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a mobile application for health consumers' participation and evaluate the effect of the mobile application on improving health consumers' participation in patient safety.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental design was adopted. We developed a mobile application on the basis of a needs assessment, literature review, compilation of patient safety topics, and validity testing of the application. The target population included Korean adults aged between 30 and 65 years who had visited a medical institution more than once within the most recent 6 months. The intervention group received patient participation training by using the mobile application, Application for Patient Participation in Safety Enhancement, for 2 months. The primary outcome variables were patient safety knowledge, self‐efficacy of participation, willingness to participate and experience of patient participation in patient safety activities. End‐user satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire. To assess participants' experiences with the intervention, qualitative data were collected through a focus group interview and open‐ended responses to an end‐user satisfaction survey.

Results

The intervention group (n = 60) had significantly higher overall average scores than the control group (n = 37) with regard to patient safety knowledge (p < .001), self‐efficacy of participation (p = .001), willingness to participate (p = .010) and experience of participation (p = .038) in the post‐survey. The total mean end‐user satisfaction score was 3.56 ± 0.60. The participants expressed the realization that patients could play an important role in improving patient safety.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that educating health consumers through a mobile application with useful information improves patient participation in patient safety activities. Educational materials and patient participation tools could motivate health consumers' health‐related behaviours.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were involved during the programme development and evaluation.
Effects of home‐based telehealth on the physical condition and psychological status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Chun‐Yu , Liu Xin , Wang Ya‐Qing , Cao Hui‐Ping , Yang Zhuo , Ma Rui‐Chen , Yin Ying‐Ying , Xie Jiao
Published: May 2022

Aims

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of home‐based telehealth compared with usual care on six‐minute walking distance (6MWD), health‐related quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods

We identified randomized controlled trials through a systematic multidatabase search. Titles and abstracts were assessed for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence. Meta‐analyses were conducted using Review Manager and Stata.

Results

We included 32 randomized controlled trials (n = 5232). Devices used for home‐based telehealth interventions included telephones, videos, and combined devices. The quality of the evidence was downgraded due to high risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency. Home‐based telehealth significantly increased 6MWD by 35 m (SD = 30.42) and reduced symptom burden by 3 points (SD = −2.30) on the COPD assessment test compared with usual care. However, no significant differences in anxiety and depression were noted between the home‐based telehealth group and the standard care group. In subgroup analysis, home‐based telehealth significantly improved 6MWD and health status after 6–12 months and >12 months.

Conclusion

Low quality evidence showed that home‐based telehealth interventions reduce symptom burden and increase walking distance to a clinically meaningful extent in patients with COPD. However, no effects on depression and anxiety were observed.
Social network analysis: Understanding nurses’ advice‐seeking interactions
Authors: Kantek Filiz , Yesilbas Hande , Yildirim Nezaket , Dundar Kavakli Bahar
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study aimed to determine advice‐seeking interactions of nurses in a private hospital by using social network analysis.

Design

This study was designed as a cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

The study was conducted in a private hospital with 70 nurses. The data were collected with a social network analysis questionnaire. The social network analysis (SNA) focused on certain values such as network density, component, degree centrality, and betweenness centrality. The SNA was carried out using UCINET, and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 23.0.

Results

The network density was reported to be 0.062, and it was composed of three components. It was further noted that nurse Y1 was found to have the highest scores of degree and betweenness centrality. Chi‐Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis indicated that the most common variables that affected degree centrality score were education, department, and position.

Conclusion

It was concluded that social network analysis was a useful instrument to delineate strengths and weaknesses of seeking advice relationships among nurses.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Top‐ and middle‐level nursing managers occupy a significant position in advice‐seeking networks. Nursing managers with higher education degrees will absolutely improve advice‐seeking networks.
In situ separation and characterization of britholite crystals in RE‐bearing slag via supergravity
Authors: Lan Xi , Gao Jintao , Xu Huanhuan , Guo Zhancheng
Published: May 2022

Bayan Obo ore has abundant rare earth (RE) reserves, and RE elements (REEs) are mainly transferred into the RE‐bearing slag. However, the utilization of RE‐bearing slag is greatly limited due to the serious lack and ambiguity of RE crystals. In this study, in situ separation of RE crystals from RE‐bearing slag via supergravity was developed, and the high‐purity crystals of britholite with various REEs contents were selectively separated from the CaO–SiO2–CaF2–P2O5–Ce2O3 system with a high REEs recovery ratio of 95.58%–98.65%. On this basis, the chemical formula, the crystal structure, and the formation mechanism of britholite were characterized from the high‐purity crystals through a combination of the Rietveld refinement and DFT calculation. It was found that the britholite was verified to be evolved from Ca5(PO4)3F, there would be an SiO44− instead of a PO43− when a Ce3+ replaced a Ca2+, the chemical formula changed from Ca5(PO4)3F to Ca4.377Ce0.623Si0.6P2.4O12F, Ca3.956Ce1.044Si1.01P1.99O12F, and Ca3.176Ce1.824Si1.93P1.07O12F with the increase of REEs content, and the substitution range of REEs was between 0 and 2. This study supplements some necessary basic data of RE crystals, which provides the theoretical reference for efficient recovery of RE resources and sustainable utilization of RE‐bearing slag.
Ultralow‐threshold wideband‐tunable single‐mode ultraviolet lasing from lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanomaterials
Authors: Jin Limin , Yang Xiaoli , Yu Siufung , Zheng Puran , Chen Xian , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai
Published: May 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) lasers with dynamic wavelength‐tunability and high monochromaticity are crucial in a multitude of practical applications yet still remarkable challenges. Here, we show wide wavelength‐tuning of single‐mode UV lasing based on lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The rationally designed Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Gd3+/Ce3+ co‐doped multilayer UCNPs, which exhibits a broad gain spectrum with the full width of half maximum of around 57 nm in the UV regime, are developed. More importantly, by taking advantages of a diffraction grating as the tuning component, stable single‐mode emission can be achieved in the UCNPs‐based external‐cavity‐extended Fabry–Pérot laser at room temperature. Specifically, the lasing threshold is around 137 µJ cm–2, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that in the previously reported articles. Precise wavelength‐tuning from 310 to 363 nm can be realized by adjusting the Littrow angle. This achievement highlights a portable alternative to continuously wideband‐tunable UV lasers and opens up new opportunities for constructing compact solid‐state UV photon sources.
Putative therapeutic impacts of cardiac CTRP9 in ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Sadat‐Ebrahimi Seyyed‐Reza , Amini Hassan , Rahbarghazi Reza , Habibollahi Paria , Ghaderi Shahrouz , Rajabi Hadi , Rezabakhsh Aysa
Published: May 2022

Recently, cytokines belonging to C1q/tumour necrosis factor‐related proteins (CTRPs) superfamily have attracted increasing attention due to multiple metabolic functions and desirable anti‐inflammatory effects. These various molecular effectors exhibit key roles upon the onset of cardiovascular diseases, making them novel adipo/cardiokines. This review article aimed to highlight recent findings correlated with therapeutic effects and additional mechanisms specific to the CTRP9, particularly in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Besides, the network of the CTPR9 signalling pathway and its possible relationship with IRI were discussed. Together, the discovery of all involved underlying mechanisms could shed light to alleviate the pathological sequelae after the occurrence of IRI.
Historical Perspectives on Score Comparability Issues Raised by Innovations in Testing
Authors: Baldwin Peter , Clauser Brian E.
Published: May 2022

While score comparability across test forms typically relies on common (or randomly equivalent) examinees or items, innovations in item formats, test delivery, and efforts to extend the range of score interpretation may require a special data collection before examinees or items can be used in this way—or may be incompatible with common examinee or item designs altogether. When comparisons are necessary under these nonroutine conditions, forms still must be connected bysomethingand this article focuses on these form‐invariant connectivesomethings. A conceptual framework for thinking about the problem of score comparability in this way is given followed by a description of three classes of connectives. Examples from the history of innovations in testing are given for each class.
Gill area explains deviations from body size–metabolic rate relationship in teleost fishes
Authors: Kuparinen Anna , Gielewski Darby , Hutchings Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2022

Whether gill area constrains fish metabolism through oxygen limitation is a debated topic. Here, the authors provide insights into this question by analysing mass‐specific metabolic rates across 44 teleost fishes extracted from FishBase. They explore whether species deviations from metabolic rates predicted by body mass can be explained by species gill area. They show that the gill area explains c. 26%–28% of species‐level deviations from mass‐specific metabolic rates. Their findings suggest that gill area might indeed be one of the factors limiting metabolic rate in fishes.
A matter of timing: System requirements for repair and their temporal dimensions
Authors: Russell Jennifer D. , Svensson‐Hoglund Sahra , Richter Jessika Luth , Dalhammar Carl , Milios Leonidas
Published: May 2022

Research into repair within the circular economy (CE) typically focuses on technical aspects of design, policy, and markets, and often assumes simplified conditions for the user/owner and the product system to explain the barriers to scaling repair activities. However, factors occurring at pre‐use stages of the product's life cycle can significantly influence whether, and to what extent, repair is viable or possible, that is, warranty duration, after‐sale service provision, and access to necessities. The passing of time can directly and indirectly affect the ability, difficulty, and thus, the likelihood of repair activities being performed at each stage of the product's life cycle. Drawing from the literature and applying inductive systems‐thinking tools, we propose a framework for considering the “System of Repairability.” We delineate how the passing of time (temporal dimensions) affects one's ‘‘ability to repair,’’ as a product progresses through different life cycle phases (i.e., breakdown vs. repair vs. disposal), and the point(s) at which the repair is considered or attempted (i.e., year of usage). By integrating life cycle and temporal (time‐based) dimensions into a broad System of Repairability framework, we clarify relevant interconnections, iterations, sequences, and timing of decision points, stakeholders, and necessary conditions to facilitate an outcome of successful repair at the individual level, and thus intervention strategies for scaling repair within CE. We discuss how a policy mix can address the life cycle of products and the repair system more holistically. We conclude with a future outlook on how temporal dimensions can inform policy strategies and future research.
F‐35 Crisis: Will Turkish‐US Defense Cooperation Continue?
Authors: Özgen Cenk , Yılmaz Eren Alper , Örmeci Ozan
Published: May 2022

Although Turkish‐American defense cooperation goes back many years, recent steps taken by Turkey have led to a serious crisis. Following the decision to withdraw Patriot air‐defense batteries deployed in the south of Turkey by Germany and the United States after 2015, Ankara turned to Russia for the S‐400 missile‐defense system, citing national security. Turkey was then excluded from the F‐35 program, in which it had been involved for years. Moreover, it was sanctioned by the White House. In this context, the background of Turkish‐American defense cooperation, the F‐35 program, the removal of Turkey from the program after the S‐400 purchase decision, and the subsequent exposure to sanctions are discussed, and the sanctions analyzed for compliance with international law. It is emphasized that the revival of close defense cooperation between Turkey and the United States is essential for the future of the relationship, and that the parties should find an intermediate formula for compromise.
The Other Saudi Transformation
Authors: Saab Bilal Y.
Published: May 2022

This article describes Saudi Arabia's historic and arduous journey to national‐defense transformation, launched around 2015. It analyzes the challenges and opportunities of defense reform in the kingdom while highlighting the role of the United States in this process. Last, the article discusses the future of US‐Saudi defense relations.
The protective effect of peanuts, pine nuts and almonds on gastric intestinal metaplasia in Korean men
Authors: Park Sung Keun , Oh Chang‐Mo , Ryoo Jae‐Hong , Jung Ju Young
Published: May 2022

There are reports that nut consumption provides potential benefit for gastric pathologies including stomach cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection. However, there are no studies investigating the effect of nut consumption on gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). In a Korean cohort of 53 424 men (average age 38.7 ± 7.0 years) and 33 024 women (average age 38.0 ± 7.0 years), we analysed the risk of GIM according to the frequency of nut consumption (peanuts, pine nuts and almonds only) as the following: rare (<1 serving/month), ≤1 serving/month and <1 serving/week, ≤1 serving/week and <3 serving/week, ≤3 serving/week and <5 serving/week and ≥5 serving/week where one serving is 15 g. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for GIM and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) in each group (adjusted HR [95% CI]). Subgroup analysis was conducted by body mass index (BMI, non‐obesity <25 and obesity ≥25). The models were adjusted for age, regular exercise, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake (g/day), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dietary fibre intake, sodium intake and total calorie intake. After 5.3 years (median 5.9 years) of follow‐up, GIM was observed in 5073 subjects. In men, compared with rare nuts consumption, greater nuts consumption was associated with a lower risk of GIM (rare consumption: reference, 1/month–1/week: 0.85 [0.79–0.91], 1–3/week: 0.81 [0.72–0.91], 3–5/week: 0.70 [0.57–0.86] and ≥5/week: 0.59 [0.48–0.73]). Subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse relationship between nuts consumption and the risk of GIM is more distinct in men without obesity (rare consumption: reference, 1/month–1/week: 0.83 [0.76–0.91], 1–3/week: 0.78 [0.67–0.91], 3–5/week: 0.68 [0.51–0.89] and ≥5/week: 0.51 [0.37–0.69]). However, this association was not observed in women. In conclusion, increased nuts consumption was associated with a decreased risk of GIM in working aged Korean men.
Carbon supply and water status regulate fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis at transcriptional level in the olive mesocarp
Authors: Perez‐Arcoiza Adrián , Luisa Hernández M. , Dolores Sicardo M. , Hernandez‐Santana Virginia , Diaz‐Espejo Antonio , Martinez‐Rivas José M.
Published: May 2022

The relative contribution of carbon sources generated from leaves and fruits photosynthesis for triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the olive mesocarp and their interaction with water stress was investigated. With this aim, altered carbon source treatments were combined with different irrigation conditions. A higher decrease in mesocarp oil content was observed in fruits under girdled and defoliated shoot treatment compared to darkened fruit conditions, indicating that both leaf and fruit photosynthesis participate in carbon supply for oil biosynthesis being leaves the main source. The carbon supply and water status affected oil synthesis in the mesocarp, regulating the expression ofDGATandPDATgenes and implicatingDGAT1‐1,DGAT2,PDAT1‐1, andPDAT1‐2as the principal genes responsible for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. A major role was indicated forDGAT2andPDAT1‐2in well‐watered conditions. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acid content together withFAD2‐1,FAD2‐2andFAD7‐1expression levels were augmented in response to modified carbon supply in the olive mesocarp. Furthermore, water stress caused an increase inDGAT1‐1,DGAT1‐2,PDAT1‐1, andFAD2‐5gene transcript levels. Overall, these data indicate that oil content and fatty acid composition in olive fruit mesocarp are regulated by carbon supply and water status, affecting the transcription of key genes in both metabolic pathways.
Situating nursing science and public health within a shared context
Authors: Sinko Laura , Montgomery Tiffany , Terhaar Mary , Schroeder Krista
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the opportunities associated with situating nursing science and public health within a shared context as an avenue for nursing to capitalize on its strong foundation for promoting health equity and mitigating the many social and structural determinants of poor health. We highlight one example of how this might be done, by housing departments of nursing in larger colleges of public health. Conducting nursing science within a college of public health presents both opportunities and challenges which are discussed here. Considering the benefits and challenges of collectively situating nursing and public health with a shared context creates numerous natural starting points for productive conversation, collaboration, and discovery that can benefit both public health and nursing's ability to interrogate past harms and transform our approach to move towards a more healthy and equitable future for all.
Psychophysiological and affective reactivity to vicarious police violence
Authors: Sosoo Effua E. , MacCormack Jennifer K. , Neblett Enrique W.
Published: May 2022

Little is known about how vicarious police violence, or instances of police violence observed but not directly experienced, impacts health among Black individuals. Using a lab‐based paradigm in a sample of young adults (N = 101), this study examined: (a) psychophysiological reactivity to instances of vicarious police violence, particularly the assault and shooting of Black individuals; (b) affective reactivity to instances of vicarious police violence; and (c) how racial identity, one important moderator, influences psychophysiological and affective responses to vicarious police violence. Using electrocardiography and impedance cardiography, participants' cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic physiological responses were continuously monitored. Three sets of high‐quality color photographs (neutral, non‐violent distress, violence) were viewed on a computer. Participants rated their affect after each set using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Following this task, racial identity was assessed using the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity‐Short Form. Findings indicated that vicarious police violence was associated with greater sympathetic reactivity and negative affect relative to the neutral and non‐violent distress conditions. Additionally, higher levels of racial centrality exacerbated the association between vicarious police violence and negative affect. Findings suggest that Black individuals may wish to limit their consumption of media depicting the assault and shooting of other Black individuals, with the caveat that the best solution is ultimately the cessation of police violence.
The hidden costs of living with systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Parfrey Helen
Published: May 2022

See related article
Serum immunoglobulin profiles in Chinese children with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura
Authors: Ruan Jin Wei , Fan Guo Zhen , Niu Man Man , Jiang Qi , Li Rui Xue , Qiu Zhen , Hu Peng
Published: May 2022

The present study focuses on the associations of serum immunoglobulin with disease activity, relapse/recurrence and renal involvement in Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) children. 1683 Chinese children with HSP were recruited from January 2015 to January 2021. Laboratory data of blood samples and urine tests were collected. Renal biopsy was performed by the percutaneous technique. Patients' histories associated with HSP onset were obtained by interviews and questionnaires. (1) IgA and IgE were dramatically elevated in HSP patients as compared to their normal values and subject to a 1.75–3.09 fold and a 1.97–2.61 fold increase, respectively. (2) No significant correlation of the disease activity with IgA and IgE was determined, respectively. (3) The serum IgA levels were significantly lower in patients with relapse/recurrence than that in patients without relapse/recurrence, which may be attributed to the transmission of IgA‐mediated immune complexes from blood to vessel walls. (4) No significant correlation was found between serum IgA, IgE levels and the pathological classification. HSP children have marked disorders of serum immunoglobulin profiles, characterized by significant increases in IgA and IgE. The detection of serum IgA may be applicable to predict relapse/recurrence of HSP whereas not associated with disease activity and renal involvement.
Feasibility of a Wearable Cold-Gas Thruster for Fall Prevention
Authors: Baimyshev Almaskhan , Finn-Henry Michael , Goldfarb Michael
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the feasibility and control authority of an electronically controlled cold-gas thruster (CGT) as a backpack-worn device for fall prevention for individuals at fall risk. The CGT is comprised of a pressurized air tank combined with a custom electrically actuated high-flow-capacity valve and servo-controlled nozzle, which are employed together to create a thrust intended to arrest an impending fall. In this paper, the authors present the design of the CGT prototype and experimentally investigate its prospective control authority for the purposes of correcting an impending fall.
Tankyrase-mediated ADP-ribosylation is a regulator of TNF-induced death
Authors: Liu Lin , Sandow Jarrod J. , Leslie Pedrioli Deena M. , Samson Andre L. , Silke Natasha , Kratina Tobias , Ambrose Rebecca L. , Doerflinger Marcel , Hu Zhaoqing , Morrish Emma , Chau Diep , Kueh Andrew J. , Fitzibbon Cheree , Pellegrini Marc , Pearson Jaclyn S. , Hottiger Michael O. , Webb Andrew I. , Lalaoui Najoua , Silke John
Published: May 2022

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key component of the innate immune response. Upon binding to its receptor, TNFR1, it promotes production of other cytokines via a membrane-bound complex 1 or induces cell death via a cytosolic complex 2. To understand how TNF-induced cell death is regulated, we performed mass spectrometry of complex 2 and identified tankyrase-1 as a native component that, upon a death stimulus, mediates complex 2 poly–ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). PARylation promotes recruitment of the E3 ligase RNF146, resulting in proteasomal degradation of complex 2, thereby limiting cell death. Expression of the ADP-ribose–binding/hydrolyzing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 macrodomain sensitizes cells to TNF-induced death via abolishing complex 2 PARylation. This suggests that disruption of ADP-ribosylation during an infection can prime a cell to retaliate with an inflammatory cell death.
The scale of a martian hydrothermal system explored using combined neutron and x-ray tomography
Authors: Martell Josefin , Alwmark Carl , Daly Luke , Hall Stephen , Alwmark Sanna , Woracek Robin , Hektor Johan , Helfen Lukas , Tengattini Alessandro , Lee Martin
Published: May 2022

Nakhlite meteorites are igneous rocks from Mars that were aqueously altered ~630 million years ago. Hydrothermal systems on Earth are known to provide microhabitats; knowledge of the extent and duration of these systems is crucial to establish whether they could sustain life elsewhere in the Solar System. Here, we explore the three-dimensional distribution of hydrous phases within the Miller Range 03346 nakhlite meteorite using nondestructive neutron and x-ray tomography to determine whether alteration is interconnected and pervasive. The results reveal discrete clusters of hydrous phases within and surrounding olivine grains, with limited interconnectivity between clusters. This implies that the fluid was localized and originated from the melting of local subsurface ice following an impact event. Consequently, the duration of the hydrous alteration was likely short, meaning that the martian crust sampled by the nakhlites could not have provided habitable environments that could harbor any life on Mars during the Amazonian.
Evolution of Enterococcus faecium in Response to a Combination of Daptomycin and Fosfomycin Reveals Distinct and Diverse Adaptive Strategies
Authors: Supandy Adeline , Mehta Heer H. , Tran Truc T. , Miller William R. , Zhang Rutan , Xu Libin , Arias Cesar A. , Shamoo Yousif
Published: May 2022

Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecium
(VREfm) are an important public health threat. VREfm isolates have become increasingly resistant to the front-line antibiotic daptomycin (DAP). As such, the use of DAP combination therapies with other antibiotics like fosfomycin (FOS) has received increased attention.
Development of a gRNA Expression and Processing Platform for Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-Based Gene Editing and Gene Silencing in Candida tropicalis
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Lihua , Yang Haiquan , Xia Yuanyuan , Liu Liming , Chen Xianzhong , Shen Wei
Published: May 2022

In the nonmodel yeast
Candida tropicalis
, a lack of available RNA polymerase type III (Pol III) promoters hindered the development of guide RNA (gRNA) expression platforms for the establishment of CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing and silencing strategies. Here, a tRNA:gRNA platform was constructed.
Growth of ɣ-Proteobacteria in Low Salt Cucumber Fermentation Is Prevented by Lactobacilli and the Cover Brine Ingredients
Authors: Rothwell Madison A. R. , Zhai Yawen , Pagán-Medina Christian G. , Pérez-Díaz Ilenys M.
Published: May 2022

While the abundance of specific ɣ-proteobacteria species varies among vegetable type, several harbor
Enterobacteriaceae
and
Pseudomonadaceae
that benefit the plant system. It is documented that such bacterial populations decrease in density early in vegetable fermentations.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ UTR of follistatin-like 4 and scavenger receptor class B member 1 are associated with Dazu black goat litter size
Authors: Zhu Ji-Yuan , E Guang-Xin , Wang Jia-Bo , Xu Shan-Shan , Yang Xiu-Qin
Published: May 2022

The untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes play crucial roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level such as affecting mRNA stabilization. In this study, 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion located in UTR were genotyped from 186 Dazu black goats via SNaPshot, and the correlation between genotype and litter size was analyzed. The results indicated that two SNP loci, SNP_chr17-20182525 and SNP_chr7-65652612, which were located at the 3′ UTR of scavenger receptor class B member 1 and follistatin-like 4, were significantly ( P < 0.05) correlated with the litter size of first parity goats. SNP_chr7-65652612 was also significantly associated with the total litter size of first and second parity offspring ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, SNP_chr7-65652612 and SNP_chr17-20182525 have correlation with the litter size of Dazu black goat and they are potential genetic markers for litter size breeding.
Efficient Uncertain Sequence Pattern Mining Based on Hadoop Platform
Authors: Wu Jimmy Ming-Tai , Liu Shuo , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: May 2022

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, information is collected by sensor devices, resulting in data loss or uncertain data and other consequences. We need to represent the uncertain data collected using probabilities to extract the useful information for production and application from a huge indeterminate data warehouse. The data in the database has a particular order in time or space, so the High-Utility Probability Sequential Pattern Mining (HUPSPM) has become a new investigation and analysis topic in data processing. After the progress of timestamp, many efficient algorithms for sequential mining have been developed. However, these algorithms have a limitation: they can only be executed in a stand-alone environment and are only suitable for small datasets. Therefore, introducing an advanced graph framework for processing large datasets addresses the shortcomings of the existing methods. The proposed algorithm can avoid repeated database searching, splitting the database, and improve the parallel computing capability. The initial database is pruned according to the existing pruning strategy to effectively reduce the number of candidate sets effectively. Experiments show that the algorithm presented in this paper has excellent advantages in mining high-utility probability sequences in large datasets.
A High Speed Phase Detection Circuit with No Dead Zone Suitable for Minimal Jitter and Low Power Applications
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Gaurav Kumar , Varma Tarun , Boolchandani Dharmendar
Published: May 2022

A novel phase frequency detector design is introduced in this study, which removes dead and blind zone issues by eliminating reset path, therefore accelerating the acquisition process. High speed, low power and minimal phase noise are all characteristics of the proposed circuit. The circuit is designed in the Cadence Virtuoso environment and is implemented in CMOS GPDK 180 nm library using a 1.8 V supply voltage. Post-layout simulations have been conducted to ensure that the findings are accurate. The circuit’s robustness is tested over process, voltage and temperature fluctuations.

The suggested PFD achieves a phase noise of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBc/Hz, which is significantly lower than other published circuits. This PFD dissipates 10.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W of power at its maximum operating frequency of 10 GHz. The PFD encompasses an area of 275[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2. The proposed PFD outperforms other PFD circuits in the literature, making it ideal for applications requiring minimal jitter, low power, etc.
Knot complement problem for L-space ℤHS3
Authors: Ravelomanana Huygens C.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we look at the knot complement problem for L-space [Formula: see text]-homology spheres. We show that an L-space [Formula: see text]-homology sphere [Formula: see text] cannot be obtained as a non-trivial surgery along a knot [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we prove that knots in an L-space [Formula: see text]-homology sphere are determined by their complements.
DECODING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BRAIN AND HEART ACTIVATIONS IN THE COMBINATION OF MENTAL WORKLOAD AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: RAMADOSS JANARTHANAN , PAKNIYAT NAJMEH , RAJAGOPAL KARTHIKEYAN , NAMAZI HAMIDREZA
Published: May 2022

Decoding of the coupling among the brain and heart activations is an important research area in network physiology. We studied the coupling of brain and heart activations for 48 subjects who performed the NASA Revised Multi-Attribute Task Battery II under three different activity level conditions. During the experiment, the physical activity of subjects was manipulated by changing the speed of a stationary bike (including no movement, 50[Formula: see text]rpm, and 70[Formula: see text]rpm) or a treadmill (including no movement, 3[Formula: see text]km/h, and 5[Formula: see text]km/h), while their physiological signals were recorded. We analyzed the complex structure of electroencephalogram (EEG) and R-R signals using fractal theory and sample entropy. The results demonstrated that the alterations of the complex structures of EEG and R-R signals are strongly correlated, which indicates the coupling between brain and heart activations. This method of analysis can be applied to evaluate the coupling between different organs.
Failure Mode Analysis for Compressive Uncertain S-Glass Fabric Using Thermal Array Data Acquisition Recorder
Authors: Chevuru Rajya Lakshmi , Rao G. V. Subba
Published: May 2022

This paper presents experimental results of S-glass fabric prepreg composite material to determine the compressive strength of uncertain S-glass fabric prepreg coupons along warp and weft direction at room temperature environment. A coupon is a small sample of the material under test that has been prepared in such a way that the failure mechanism will be representative of the larger production. Universal testing machine (UTM) was used for experiment. One of the hydraulic grips was fixed on the crosshead and the other grip was fixed on the hydraulic piston of the UTM. A load cell was provided on the crosshead for measuring the applied load. Uncertainty in the manufacturing process of S-glass is very important. Reducing the rejection rate of parts by selecting the right reinforcement, matrix and controlled process during the manufacturing process is very important which ensures the quality and performance of the manufactured parts as per application.
Persistent Memory Allocation
Authors: Kelly Terence
Published: May 2022

A lever multiplies the force of a light touch, and the right software interfaces provide formidable leverage in multiple layers of code: A familiar interface enables a new persistent memory allocator to breathe new life into an enormous installed base of software and hardware. Compatibility allows a persistent heap to slide easily beneath a widely used scripting-language interpreter, thereby endowing all scripts with effortless on-demand persistence.
Enterprise E-Commerce Management Strategies Based on Light Weight Deep Learning Model in the Context of New Retail
Authors: Song Lin , Li Xin
Published: May 2022

The advancement of information technology has changed traditional manufacturing and business methods, resulting in the emergence of a new business mode known as electronic commerce (E-Commerce). Owing to its obvious benefits, E-Commerce has been extensively employed in a short time, creating a group of E-Commerce enterprises. Establishing financial management strategies that are appropriate for E-Commerce enterprises is critical since it not only aids executors in formulating better financial policies but also benefits enterprises’ administration and market competitiveness. Most of the retail stores in the technological environment are taking different dimensions in their performance through this enterprise E-Commerce. In this study, an E-Commerce system is implemented for retail marketing using lightweight deep learning technology. The deep Lagrangian multiplier approach is used to promote the user’s purchase behavior and to determine whether the estimated optimal transaction quantity is achieved. The user can utilize the mobile application with the internetworking facility to place the order for required products. The proposed system showed the highest performance achieving 98.78% accuracy as compared to the existing system with 92.46% accuracy.
Assignment Computations Based on Cexp Average in Various Ladder Graphs
Authors: Kannan A.Rajesh , Manivannan P. , Loganathan K. , Prabu K. , Gyeltshen Sonam
Published: May 2022

This study introduces the Cexp average assignments and investigates its properties using various ladder graphs. The ladder graphs can be found in every communication networks. Ladder networks are increasingly being used in everyday life for monitoring and environmental applications such as domestic, military, surveillance, industrial, medical applications, and traffic management. These datasets are afflicted by the average representation of the graph structure. It aids in the visualisation and comprehension of data analysis. The Cexp labeling is used in sensor networks, adhoc networks, and other applications. It also efficiently creates a communication network after using noise reduction methods to remove salt and pepper noise.
Study on Seismic Performance of Connecting Prefabricated Coupling Beam and Shear Wall with Equivalent Bars
Authors: Zheng Bo , Li Ming , Liu Xuyi , Wang Zhen , Wang Chunyan
Published: May 2022

This study proposes a new type of method for the connection of the prefabricated coupling beam and shear wall to solve the problems in the construction of assembled frame‐shear wall structures. To investigate the seismic properties of this new type of assembled coupling beam, experiments with 2 groups of test pieces under low‐period cycling loads were completed. Furthermore, this study studied some important influence factors. Results show that this novel coupling beam has a similar performance to the cast‐in‐place coupling beam. The bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of cast‐in‐place structures increase with the increase in end block thickness and the ductility inversely, yet the bearing capacity, seismic energy dissipation capacity, and ductility of assembled coupling beam structure decrease with the increase in end block thickness. Numerical simulation shows that increasing the area of equivalent steel bars will increase its yield load but will also reduce the seismic energy dissipation capacity and ductility. The thicker the shear wall thickness, the higher specimen’s bearing capacity, the stronger the seismic energy dissipation capacity, and the worse the ductility is.
Hybrid Role-Engineering Optimization with Multiple Cardinality Constraints Using Natural Language Processing and Integer Linear Programming Techniques
Authors: Sun Wei
Published: May 2022

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a widely popular access control mechanism because of its convenience for authorization administration, as well as various security policies, such as separation-of-duty constraints and cardinality constraints. In recent few years, role-engineering technology has emerged as an efficient approach to construct optimal RBAC systems. However, the top-down approaches are labor-intensive and error-prone; the bottom-up approaches lack flexibility and scalability as the organizational requirements change dynamically, and cannot generate valuable or meaningful roles that are relevant to actual application scenarios. Furthermore, most conventional methods do not consider multiple cardinality constraints. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel hybrid role-engineering method. First, to develop an initial access control system while alleviating manual workloads, we use the natural language processing techniques to extract machine-readable and machine-enforceable access control policies from the top-down natural language requirement documents. Second, to flexibly meet diverse organizational requirements while enhancing the security of role-engineering processes, according to different evaluation measures or optimization objectives, we define several variants of the optimization problem with multiple cardinality constraints via Boolean matrix decomposition and present a unified modelling framework for these variants using integer linear programming technique. Third, to verify whether the constraints can be satisfied in the constructed access control system, we present the heuristic optimization algorithms in the bottom-up ways. The experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.