bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summary Points and Consensus Recommendations From the International Protein Summit
Authors: Hurt Ryan T. , McClave Stephen A. , Martindale Robert G. , Ochoa Gautier Juan B. , Coss‐Bu Jorge A. , Dickerson Roland N. , Heyland Daren K. , Hoffer L. John , Moore Frederick A. , Morris Claudia R. , Paddon‐Jones Douglas , Patel Jayshil J. , Phillips Stuart M. , Rugeles Saúl J. , Sarav, MD Menaka , Weijs Peter J. M. , Wernerman Jan , Hamilton‐Reeves Jill , McClain Craig J. , Taylor Beth
Published: April 2017

The International Protein Summit in 2016 brought experts in clinical nutrition and protein metabolism together from around the globe to determine the impact of high‐dose protein administration on clinical outcomes and address barriers to its delivery in the critically ill patient. It has been suggested that high doses of protein in the range of 1.2–2.5 g/kg/d may be required in the setting of the intensive care unit (ICU) to optimize nutrition therapy and reduce mortality. While incapable of blunting the catabolic response, protein doses in this range may be needed to best stimulate new protein synthesis and preserve muscle mass. Quality of protein (determined by source, content and ratio of amino acids, and digestibility) affects nutrient sensing pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin. Achieving protein goals the first week following admission to the ICU should take precedence over meeting energy goals. High‐protein hypocaloric (providing 80%–90% of caloric requirements) feeding may evolve as the best strategy during the initial phase of critical illness to avoid overfeeding, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain body protein homeostasis, especially in the patient at high nutrition risk. This article provides a set of recommendations based on assessment of the current literature to guide healthcare professionals in clinical practice at this time, as well as a list of potential topics to guide investigators for purposes of research in the future.
pH Sensitive phosphorylated chitosan hydrogel as vaccine delivery system for intramuscular immunization
Authors: Wei Jianye , Xue Wei , Yu Xifei , Qiu Xiaozhong , Liu Zonghua
Published: April 2017

In the field of immunotherapy, immune vaccinations have received more and more attention for disease prevention and treatment. In immune vaccination, efficient vaccine adjuvants are necessary due to the weak immunogenicity of vaccines. Some traditional vaccine adjuvants have been widely used but have shown obvious limitations such as poor biosafety. Therefore, researchers make a great effort to develop more functional novel immune adjuvants such as chitosan-based immune adjuvants. However, chitosan is poorly water soluble, which greatly limits its application as immune adjuvants, regardless of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other biological activities. In this work, we prepared a water-soluble chitosan derivative phosphorylated chitosan (PCS) and evaluated its potential as a novel immune adjuvant. PCS was found to be pH sensitive: specifically, it was water soluble at pH < 7.0 but began to gel at pH >7.0. By virtue of this, neutral PCS aqueous solutions containing ovalbumin (OVA) antigen was intramuscularly injected into test mice, which would transform to an OVA-containing gel network for OVA immunization. The results showed that the use of 30 mg/mL PCS-based hydrogel as vaccine delivery system contributed to significantly higher level of antigen-specific immune responses, including higher level of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines secretion by splenocytes, as well as memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vivo imaging and immunohistochemistry assays suggest that the improved immunization efficacy may be attributed to the controlled release of antigen from injection site by PCS gel network, and then prolonged antigen stimuli to the immune system. From the results, PCS could be developed as a promising vaccine delivery system for immunotherapy.
Towards a standard approach for the wear testing of wheel and rail materials
Authors: Lewis Roger , Magel Eric , Wang Wen-Jian , Olofsson Ulf , Lewis Stephen , Slatter Tom , Beagles Adam
Published: April 2017

An examination of the literature for the wear testing methodologies for wheel and rail materials reveals that while only a few different techniques have been used, there is a wide variety in exactly how the tests have been conducted and the resulting data reported. This makes comparison of the data very difficult. This work, carried out as part of the International Collaborative Research Initiative which is aiming to bring together the wheel–rail interface researchers from across the world to collate data and knowledge to try to solve some of the common problems that are faced, has examined the different approaches used and has attempted to pull together all the good practice used into a test specification for future twin-disc testing for wheel and rail materials. The adoption of the method will allow data to be compared reliably and eventually enable data to be compiled into wear maps to use as input, for example, to multi-body dynamics simulation wear prediction tools.
Subchronic exposure to palladium nanoparticles affects serum levels of cytokines in female Wistar rats
Authors: Iavicoli I , Fontana L , Leso V , Corbi M , Marinaccio A , Leopold K , Schindl R , Lucchetti D , Calapà F , Sgambato A
Published: April 2017

Recently, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been increasingly used in many industrial sectors, and this has led to a significant release of nano-sized palladium particles into the environment. However, despite the increase in occupational and general population exposure, information on the potential adverse effects of these PdNPs is still limited and their impact on the immune system constitutes a major health concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential adverse effects induced by subchronic intravenous administration of PdNPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats by evaluating alterations in Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interferon (INF)-γ, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α serum levels. Exposed and control animals were randomly divided into five groups (0, 0.012, 0.12, 1.2, and 12 μg PdNPs per kg body weight) which were treated with repeated intravenous injections of vehicle or PdNPs (on day 1, 30, and 60). Subchronic exposure to PdNPs induced a decreasing trend in serum levels in most of the cytokines investigated, with the highest concentration (12 μg/kg) determining significant inhibitory effects. Overall, these results showed that PdNPs are able to alter cytokine serum levels in subchronically treated Wistar rats, suggesting a possible impact of these xenobiotics on the immune system after long-term exposures.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shulman S , Shorer R , Wollman J , Dotan G , Paran D
Published: April 2017

Background

Cognitive impairment is frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus. Atrophy of the corpus callosum and hippocampus have been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and diffusion tensor imaging studies have shown impaired white matter integrity, suggesting that white matter damage in systemic lupus erythematosus may underlie the cognitive impairment as well as other neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as assessed by optical coherence tomography, has been suggested as a biomarker for white matter damage in neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning may occur early, even in patients with mild clinical symptoms.

Aim

The objective of this study was to assess the association of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as a biomarker of white matter damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations, including cognitive impairment.

Methods

Twenty-one consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent neuropsychological testing using a validated computerized battery of tests as well as the Rey-Auditory verbal learning test. All 21 patients, as well as 11 healthy, age matched controls, underwent optical coherence tomography testing to assess retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and results in eight cognitive domains assessed by the computerized battery of tests as well as the Rey-Auditory verbal learning test were assessed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with and without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, and compared to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in healthy controls.

Results

No statistically significant correlation was found between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as compared to healthy controls. When evaluating by subgroups, no correlation was found between patients with or without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus or cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Conclusion

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of systemic lupus erythematosus patients was not found to be statistically different compared to controls. Within systemic lupus erythematosus patients there was no correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and cognitive impairment or other neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations.
Surveillance at sea: The transactional politics of border control in the Aegean
Authors: Dijstelbloem Huub , van Reekum Rogier , Schinkel Willem
Published: April 2017

The relationship between vision and action is a key element of both practices and conceptualizations of border surveillance in Europe. This article engages with what we call the ‘operative vision’ of surveillance at sea, specifically as performed by the border control apparatus in the Aegean. We analyse the political consequences of this operative vision by elaborating on three examples of fieldwork conducted in the Aegean and on the islands of Chios and Lesbos. One of the main aims is to bring the figure of the migrant back into the study of border technologies. By combining insights from science and technology studies with border, mobility and security studies, the article distinguishes between processes of intervention, mobilization and realization and emphasizes the role of migrants in their encounter with surveillance operations. Two claims are brought forward. First, engaging with recent scholarly work on the visual politics of border surveillance, we circumscribe an ongoing ‘transactional politics’. Second, the dynamic interplay between vision and action brings about a situation of ‘recalcitrance’, in which mobile objects and subjects of various kinds are drawn into securitized relations, for instance in encounters between coast guard boats and migrant boats at sea. Without reducing migrants to epiphenomena of those relations, this recalcitrance typifies the objects of surveillance as both relatable as well as resistant, particularly in the tensions between border control and search and rescue.
Football fans and contentious politics: The role of Çarşı in the Gezi Park protests
Authors: Turan Ömer , Özçetin Burak
Published: April 2017

This article problematizes the role played by a football fan club—Çarşı—in one of the largest social movements in Turkish political history, the Gezi Park protests of June 2013. The authors suggest that as “unusual suspects” in social movements, Çarşı’s role in the Gezi Park protests can be understood with the conceptual toolbox provided by theories of contentious politics. Since action repertoires, or “known sequences for acting together,” are key to contentious politics and social movements, Çarşı’s organized and effective performance during the Gezi Park protests shows how previous encounters with the police can be decisive in terms of social upheavals. This study suggests that Çarşı members, who were already accustomed to making ethical judgments on a variety of issues both political and non-political, should be taken as a prominent example of how supporters on terraces and fan clubs facilitate the framing processes described by the social movement literature.
Brexit: Towards a new global phase of organized capitalism?
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: April 2017

The main argument in the article is that the Brexit vote and strategy of the government of the UK post-Brexit should be seen as part of wider developments in global capitalism. It is suggested that there is a counter-movement against liberal capitalism that was triggered by the economic crisis of 2008 and the stagnating incomes that set in as austerity policies were widely pursued. The new direction is termed as organized capitalism, with a stronger focus on the national level. This is reflected in the election of Donald Trump in the US, the rise of right-wing populist parties in Continental Europe and the erosion of global liberal institutions. Organized capitalism does not have to be reactionary as it may open up wider options for societal influences on the economy that can be a source of social reforms.
Start-Up Nation
Authors: Fraiberg Steven
Published: April 2017

This study focuses on start-up entrepreneurs on the move—in coordination with an array of other actors—as they weave and are woven into transnational networks. Central to this study is a shift from activity to mobility systems. Building on technical communication scholarship, the frame integrates actor networks and activity theory knotworks. Disrupting workplace and national container models (methodological nationalism), the analysis is grounded in a study of Israeli start-up entrepreneurs. Dubbed the Start-Up Nation, Israel contains more start-ups per capita than any other country in the world, with its high-tech industry made up of a dense ecosystem of conferences, accelerators, meetups, social media, and coworking spaces. Tracing actants’ trajectories across this social field, the author argues for a conceptualization of entrepreneurs as knotworkers who mobilize genres, modes, languages, and spaces.
Assessment of ductile failure models in single-pass wire drawing processes
Authors: González Alvaro A , Celentano Diego J , Cruchaga Marcela A
Published: April 2017

The present work reports a comparative study of ductile failure models applied to an Al-2011 aluminum alloy single-pass wire drawing process using different reductions. The material damage experienced in the wire after passing through the die is evaluated using the well-known Rice and Tracey, Cockcroft and Latham, Brozzo and Modified Chaouadi models. Due to the fact that nonrealistic damage predictions are found for the highest studied wire reduction, an alternative uncoupled failure criterion combining the effect of deformation and triaxility is proposed. The ability of these five models in predicting the formation of chevrons in the process is the main focus of this research. First, the model parameters are characterized by means of numerical simulations of the tensile test. Then, the predictions of the numerical analyses of the drawing process are compared with available experimental results where physical evidence of chevrons was found. Relevant variables are analyzed to determine their incidence in the formation of central bursts. Finally, the performance of this new model is assessed for the full reduction scenarios.
Optimal distributed interconnectivity of multi-robot systems by spatially-constrained clustering
Authors: Macktoobian Matin , Aliyari Sh Mahdi
Published: April 2017

A spatially-constrained clustering algorithm is presented in this paper. This algorithm is a distributed clustering approach to fine-tune the optimal distances between agents of the system to strengthen the data passing among them using a set of spatial constraints. In fact, this method will increase interconnectivity among agents and clusters, leading to improvement of the overall communicative functionality of the multi-robot system. This strategy will lead to the establishment of loosely-coupled connections among the clusters. These implicit interconnections will mobilize the clusters to receive and transmit information within the multi-agent system. In other words, this algorithm classifies each agent into the clusters with the lowest cost of local communication with its peers. This research demonstrates that the presented decentralized method will actually boost the communicative agility of the swarm by probabilistic proof of the acquired optimality. Hence, the common assumption regarding the full-knowledge of the agents’ primary locations has been fully relaxed compared to former methods. Consequently, the algorithm’s reliability and efficiency is confirmed. Furthermore, the method’s efficacy in passing information will improve the functionality of higher-level swarm operations, such as task assignment and swarm flocking. Analytical investigations and simulated accomplishments, corresponding to highly-populated swarms, prove the claimed efficiency and coherence.
Evidence-Based Review of Pharmacotherapy Used for Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis
Authors: Wilby Kyle John , Johnson Eric G. , Johnson Hannah E. , Ensom Mary H. H.
Published: April 2017

Objective: To summarize and evaluate the existing literature regarding medications to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) psychosis. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1946 to March 2017), EMBASE (1980 to March 2017), CINAHL (1982 to March 2017), and PsychInfo (1887 to March 2017) were searched using the following terms: Parkinson disease, Parkinson’s disease, psychotic disorders, psychosis, delusions, and hallucinations.Study Selection and Data Extraction: The search was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting human outcomes. Data extracted included the following: study design, population, setting, intervention, control, outcomes related to psychosis and safety, and potential biases assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Data Synthesis: After assessment, 16 of 235 studies were included; 11 articles reported comparisons between active drug and placebo, whereas 5 compared clozapine and an active comparator. Placebo-controlled trials demonstrated benefit for clozapine (n = 2) and pimavanserin (n = 2), with no firm benefits observed for quetiapine (n = 4) or olanzapine (n = 3). Comparative studies demonstrated improved efficacy in symptom scores when clozapine or comparator agent (n = 2, quetiapine; n = 1, olanzapine; n = 1, risperidone; and n = 1, ziprasidone) was assessed alone. However, no comparator data suggest that one agent is better than another, and none are yet available for pimavanserin. Overall risk of bias across all studies was moderate to high. Conclusions: Despite lack of rigor in study designs, published data to date suggest that clozapine and pimavanserin should be considered drugs of choice to treat PD psychosis.
Malignant Triton Tumor (Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor With Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation) Occurring in a Vascularized Free Flap Reconstruction Graft
Authors: Ram Roopa , Gardner Jerad , Alapati Sindhura , Jambhekar Kedar , Pandey Tarun , Montgomery Corey , Nicholas Richard
Published: April 2017

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare form of sarcoma arising from Schwann cells or pluripotent cells of the neural crest. Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a subtype of MPNST with a component of malignant rhabdomyoblasts in addition to malignant Schwann cells. MPNST and MTT are both aggressive malignancies that most commonly arise from large deep neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). However, sporadic non-NF-1 cases of MTT have also been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 50-year-old African American male with no stigmata of NF-1 who developed a large mass in a free flap on the right calf. The free flap had been placed by plastic surgery 15 years previously following open right tibial and fibular fractures associated with a large soft tissue defect. Biopsy of the enlarging mass, followed by wide surgical excision, confirmed the pathology to be MTT. Although the development of a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma has been previously reported as a late complication of radiation therapy following free flap reconstructions, we believe this is the first reported case of sarcomatous transformation arising in a vascularized, free muscle transfer.
Review of Mechanical, Processing, and Immunologic Factors Associated With Outcomes of Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Talus
Authors: Okeagu Chikezie N. , Baker Erin A. , Barreras Nicholas A. , Vaupel Zachary M. , Fortin Paul T. , Baker Kevin C.
Published: April 2017

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are an increasingly implicated cause of ankle pain and instability. Several treatment methods exist with varying clinical outcomes. Due in part to successful osteochondral allografting (OCA) in other joints, such as the knee and shoulder, OCA has gained popularity as a treatment option, especially in the setting of large lesions. The clinical outcomes of talar OCA have been inconsistent relative to the positive results observed in other joints. Current literature regarding OCA failure focuses mainly on 3 factors: the effect of graft storage conditions on chondrocyte viability, graft/lesion size, and operative technique. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability for bone and cartilage tissue to invoke an immune response, and a limited number of clinical studies have suggested that this response may have the potential to influence outcomes after transplantation. Further research is warranted to investigate the role of immunological mechanisms as an etiology of OCA failure.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
On adaptive sliding mode control for improved quadrotor tracking
Authors: Nadda Sudhir , Swarup A
Published: April 2017

The tracking control of a quadrotor has been considered in this paper. The application of sliding mode control provides robustness against parametric uncertainties, but it requires knowledge of the upper bounds of uncertainties. An adaptation strategy has been proposed to implement sliding mode control, which does not require the upper bound of the uncertainties. The adaptive control law is derived on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory, which guarantees the tracking performance. The adaptation can be tuned faster by proper tuning, and convergence with good tracking can be achieved. The proposed adaptive method has improved robustness and provided simpler implementation. Through an illustrative simulation example, the performance of the proposed control method is presented and also compared with classical sliding mode control from the literature. It is demonstrated that the performance of quadrotor altitude tracking and convergence has been considerably improved while maintaining stability, even in presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties.
Influence of grain activation conditions on functional characteristics of brown rice flour
Authors: Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Singh Baljit
Published: April 2017

Grain activation is a natural processing technique that can be used to produce modified flours without chemical modification. Functional characteristics of brown rice flour as influenced by grain activation time and temperatures were investigated. Germination temperatures at 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ and time for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h significantly influenced the functional properties of flour with modification of starch, protein and high enzymatic activity. Significant decrease in the bulk density, water absorption and swelling power of brown rice flour was observed in comparison to non-germinated flour. Gel consistency and oil absorption capacity of brown rice flour increased as the grain activation time and temperature were increased. Native flour had lowest emulsion and foaming properties, while increase in grain activation time and temperature enhanced the emulsifying and foaming properties of flour. Paste clarity of native flour was 54% which was reduced to 25.17%; however, increase in germination time and temperature increased the % synersis values of germinated flour. Native flour had least gelation concentration of 12% which increased to 25% after 48 h of germination at 35 ℃. Overall, germination can be used as a natural way to modify the functional properties of brown rice flours for their utilization in variety food products.
Evaluating Supported eText to Teach Science to High School Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability
Authors: Knight Victoria F. , Creech-Galloway Carey E. , Karl Jennifer M. , Collins Belva C.
Published: April 2017

Preliminary research shows promise for the use of supported electronic text (eText) combined with explicit instruction in facilitating comprehension for students with intellectual disability. Researchers used a multiple probe across participants design to evaluate effects of supported eText including explicit instruction on measures of vocabulary, literal comprehension, and application questions of four high school students with moderate intellectual disability. Authors found a functional relation between supported eText using embedded, explicit instructional supports (i.e., animated coaches to deliver the model-lead-test procedure and use of examples and nonexamples) and the number of correct responses on the probe. In addition, students generalized to untrained exemplars, and social validity indicated the program as practical and useful.
Whakatipu rawa ma ngā uri whakatipu: optimising the “Māori” in Māori economic development
Authors: Awatere Shaun , Mika Jason , Hudson Maui , Pauling Craig , Lambert Simon , Reid John
Published: April 2017

One of the great challenges for indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs in the twenty-first century is to move beyond profit maximisation as an acceptable modality for doing business and gravitate towards the concept of socially optimal outcomes, where maximising community well-being and minimising externalities to the natural environment and social justice are paramount. We present findings from a case-study analysis of Māori enterprises that demonstrate a wealth of successfully kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology)-attuned strategy and policy. The case studies provide practical examples of the incorporation and expression of kaupapa Māori values into strategy and policy of Māori enterprises. We also identify the numerous challenges to implementing kaupapa Māori in the management of Māori Asset Holding Institutions and offer a way forward. Although the case studies are context specific, they provide some key principles and learning that can guide the greater uptake of kaupapa Māori entrepreneurship.
Vaping Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Novel Preclinical Model of E-Cigarette Use in Mice
Authors: Lefever Timothy W , Marusich Julie A , Thomas Brian F , Barrus Daniel G , Peiper Nicholas C , Kevin Richard C , Wiley Jenny L
Published: April 2017

Smoking is the most common route of administration for cannabis; however, vaping cannabis extracts and synthetic cannabinoids (“fake marijuana”) in electronic cigarette devices has become increasingly popular. Yet, most animal models used to investigate biological mechanisms underlying cannabis use employ injection as the route of administration. This study evaluated a novel e-cigarette device that delivers aerosolized cannabinoids to mice. The effects of aerosolized and injected synthetic cannabinoids (CP 55,940, AB-CHMINACA, XLR-11, and JWH-018) in mice were compared in a battery of bioassays in which psychoactive cannabinoids produce characteristic effects. The most potent cannabinoids (CP 55,940 and AB-CHMINACA) produced the full cannabinoid profile (ie, hypothermia, hypolocomotion, and analgesia), regardless of the route of administration. In contrast, aerosolized JWH-018 and XLR-11 did not produce the full profile of cannabimimetic effects. Results of time course analysis for hypothermia showed that aerosol exposure to CP 55,940 and AB-CHMINACA produced faster onset of effects and shorter duration of action than injection. The ability to administer cannabinoids to rodents using the most common route of administration among humans provides a method for collecting preclinical data with enhanced translational relevance.
The impact of childhood autism spectrum disorder on parent’s labour force participation: Can parents be expected to be able to re-join the labour force?
Authors: Callander Emily J , Lindsay Daniel B
Published: April 2017

Parental employment is a significant factor in ensuring financial ability to access care for children with autism spectrum disorder. This article aimed to identify the influence of autism spectrum disorder on parental employment and whether childcare access may effect labour force participation using the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children, with 12 years of follow-up data (2004–2015). Parental employment when the child was aged between 0 and 11 years was assessed. A significantly larger percentage of parents whose children had autism spectrum disorder were not in the labour force when their child was aged between 2–3 and 10–11 years. However, between the ages of 2 and 5 years, these differences were not significant after accounting for maternal and paternal age, education attainment, marital status and mother labour force status prior to birth. Childcare access did not moderate the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and maternal labour force participation. Once children were of schooling age, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder had up to two times the odds of being not in the labour force compared to other mothers, after adjusting for confounders. Evaluations of new interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder should consider how the proposed service impacts on the labour force participation of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, particularly when the children are of schooling age.
Gender differences in subjective health complaints in adolescence: The roles of self-esteem, stress from schoolwork and body dissatisfaction
Authors: Aanesen Fiona , Meland Eivind , Torp Steffen
Published: April 2017

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine subjective health complaints among Norwegian adolescents and assess the development of gender differences in subjective health complaints between age 14 and 16; to investigate whether self-esteem, stress from schoolwork or body dissatisfaction affected adolescents’ subjective health complaints; and determine whether these factors could explain the excess of subjective health complaints among girls. Methods: We used multiple linear regression analyses to analyse longitudinal survey data from 751 Norwegian adolescents at the ages of 14 and 16. The results from various cross-sectional and prospective analyses were compared. Results: Girls reported more subjective health complaints than boys, and gender differences increased from age 14 to 16. Self-esteem and stress from schoolwork had cross-sectional and prospective associations with subjective health complaints. Stress from schoolwork at age 14 was also associated with changes in subjective health complaints from age 14 to 16. The cross-sectional mediation analyses indicated that self-esteem and stress from schoolwork accounted for 61% of the excess of subjective health complaints among girls at age 16. The same variables measured at age 14 accounted for 24% of the gender differences in subjective health complaints two years later. The investigated factors could not account for the increase in gender differences in subjective health complaints between ages 14 and 16. Conclusions: The findings showed that self-esteem and stress from schoolwork were associated with subjective health complaints during adolescence. These factors could partially explain the excess of subjective health complaints among girls.
Ideal thermophysical properties of building wall: Method based on impedance and interpretation mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tao Wenqing
Published: April 2017

Thermal resistance is commonly defined as the ratio of the temperature difference to the heat flow, and it is only valid for one-dimensional, steady heat conduction without an internal source. This work extends the application scope of the thermal resistance to the multi-dimensional, unsteady conditions based on the entransy dissipation rate, which is called impedance. It provides an approach to optimize the heat transfer process of complex problems. For example, it can be used to analyse the unsteady heat transfer of building envelope: when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is given, the extremum of building envelope thermal resistance is corresponding to the extremum of heat input to the interior from envelope, which is determined by the ideal volumetric specific heat distribution versus temperature of building envelope. Based on this, the relationship between thermal resistance and volumetric specific heat of building envelope is developed, and according to the extremum of thermal resistance, the ideal volumetric specific heat can be obtained. In this paper, applications are presented for active and passive conditions. The results show that, for active or passive condition, the ideal volumetric specific heat of the external wall should be a δ function in summer or winter.
Combined effects of short-term noise exposure and hygrothermal conditions on indoor environmental perceptions
Authors: Yang Wonyoung , Moon Hyeun Jun , Kim Myung-Jun
Published: April 2017

Realistic thermal conditions with various humidity levels have been considered to examine the combined effects of noise and thermal conditions on indoor environmental perceptions. Subjective assessments of temperature, humidity and psychoacoustics were conducted with 26 subjects under combined environments of seven thermal conditions (18℃: RH 30, 60%, 24℃: RH 27, 43, 65%, 30℃: RH 30, 60%), two noise types (fan and babble noises) and five noise levels (45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 dBA). Three-minute moderate noise exposure did not affect temperature or humidity sensations. However, the temperature and humidity levels affected loudness, annoyance and acoustic preferences when noise was presented as babble. Fan noise perceptions were found to be independent of thermal conditions. Gender differences were clearly found in terms of thermal and psychoacoustic perceptions. Men were more sensitive to hot sensations than women, and women were more sensitive to arid sensations than men. Women were more sensitive to noise levels than men. Gender differences were also found in terms of different types of noise. Men were found to be significantly less sensitive to fan noise than women. Even though psychoacoustic parameters were affected by indoor thermal conditions, thermal parameters were not affected by short-term moderate noise. The combined effect of various types of noise and temperature is still unclear, and this will be considered in a future larger cohort study.
Walking in Memphis: revisiting the street politics of Ms Jacqueline Smith
Authors: Wang Sean H
Published: April 2017

This piece revisits the street politics of Ms Jacqueline Smith and her two-plus decades of protest outside the former Lorraine Motel, where civil rights leader Rev Dr Martin Luther King, Jr, was assassinated. Now the National Civil Rights Museum, the Motel is part of a growing heritage tourism industry in the American South, where landscapes of civil rights memorialization are often contested publicly and exist alongside other landscapes of racism. More recently, projects like the Museum have become central to urban redevelopment schemes and vehicles of gentrification. This piece introduces Ms Smith’s protest in relation to such themes in cultural geography, followed by the reproduction of a blog post documenting the author’s encounter with Ms Smith in June 2015. It urges cultural geographers to engage with Ms Smith’s street politics in their writings on landscape and their teachings in the classroom.
Neglected but Exciting Concepts in Developmental and Neurobiological Psychology
Authors: Jordan Evan M. , Thomas David G.
Published: April 2017

This review provides an evaluative overview of five concepts specific to developmental and neurobiological psychology that are found to be largely overlooked in current textbooks. A sample of 19 introductory psychology texts was surveyed to develop a list, including glial cell signaling, grandmother cells, memory reconsolidation, brain plasticity, and moral judgements by infants. These topics are relatively new, have proven to be of high impact in their respective fields, but are rarely discussed in psychological textbooks or by instructors in the classroom. In addition to a brief, but detailed background on each of the concepts, potential textbook chapters and classroom topics that would benefit from a discussion of these concepts are identified. Finally, this review briefly addresses possible ways for textbook authors to incorporate these new topics in future editions of texts without drastically increasing the overall length of the text.
The Federal Spending Paradox: Economic Self-Interest and Symbolic Racism in Contemporary Fiscal Politics
Authors: Krimmel Katherine , Rader Kelly
Published: April 2017

We show how symbolic politics condition public opinion on federal spending and how this helps to explain an important puzzle in contemporary American politics. Using multilevel regression and poststratification to estimate state-level opinion on federal spending, we show that, curiously, opposition to federal spending is higher in states receiving more federal money, per tax dollar paid. Belying the popular narrative surrounding so-called “red state socialism,” we find that simple hypocrisy does not explain this paradox—individuals who are likely to benefit from spending tend to support it. But, income is a more powerful predictor of opinion on spending in “taker” states than “giver” states, heightening state-level opposition in the former. There is also more to the story than economic self-interest. Symbolic racism is four times more powerful than income in explaining opposition to spending, and there are more people with such attitudes in states receiving more federal money.
Roots and Development of the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education (1985–2015)
Authors: Jorgensen Estelle R.
Published: April 2017

This history traces the roots and development of the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education (1985–2015). Taking a cross-disciplinary approach to historiography based on autobiographical reflection grounded in documentary evidence, it focuses on the people, events, and contributions of the society and the symposia out of which it grew and with which it was associated. Among the themes in this account are the American roots of the symposia, their growing internationalization and institutionalization, the founding of the Philosophy of Music Education Review and the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education, evolving symposia structures, a democratic process of governance, the mentoring of philosophers and leaders in the community, and initiatives to strengthen the philosophical preparation of doctoral students in music education.
Predictive Factors for the Migration of Endoscopic Self-Expanding Metal Stents Placed in the Foregut
Authors: Singer Jordan L. , Aryaie Amir H. , Fayezizadeh Mojtaba , Lash Jon , Marks Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2017

Background. With recent advancements in endoscopy, self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have been used to treat gastrointestinal leaks, perforations, and strictures. Stent migration frequently complicates management and often requires additional treatments to reach resolution. Our study aimed to determine predictive factors for stent migration. Methods. Consecutive procedures involving SEMS placed with and without fixation after upper gastrointestinal surgery between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, surgical history, rate of stent migration, and stent characteristic data were collected. Rates of stent migration were compared. Results. We reviewed 214 consecutive procedures involving stents placed in the foregut. Median duration of stent placement was 4.0 ± 10.3 weeks. Forty-three (20%) stents migrated after placement. Of those, 27 (63%) required stent replacement. Eleven (5%) procedures utilized stent fixation and 203 (95%) did not. Fixation techniques included endoscopic clips (9%), endoscopic sutures (73%), and transnasal sutures (18%). Stent migration rate was not different between those with and those without fixation ( P = .2). Rate of migration was significantly higher in procedures involving fully covered stents ( P < .001). Migration occurred after esophagectomy and gastric bypass ( P < .001 and P < .05, respectively) and in patients with diabetes ( P < .01). Conclusions. A challenge with SEMS use is stent migration. Diabetes and using fully covered stents were associated with migration as were SEMS used to treat complications of esophagectomy and gastric bypass. Stent fixation was not associated with the prevention of stent migration. No pattern was found that favors an approach to reduce stent migration.
Mixed Methods and Multisited Migration Research: Innovations From a Transnational Perspective
Authors: Fauser Margit
Published: April 2017

This article discusses the use of mixed methods design for transnational migration research. It draws on two currently expanding strategies that can form part of an integrated framework that reveals multiple complementary perspectives: (a) the incorporation of quantitative data and methods in what has been a largely qualitative field and (b) the use of multisited research that investigates individuals and families connected across borders. This framework can be supported by collaboration of researchers across methodologies and state borders, which is addressed as a third strategy. By drawing on one research project that investigates the role of transnationality in the reproduction of social inequalities, this article explores the benefits and challenges of this approach.
Biomechanical Assessment of the Dorsal Spanning Bridge Plate in Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: Implications for Immediate Weight-Bearing
Authors: Huang Jerry I. , Peterson Bret , Bellevue Kate , Lee Nicolas , Smith Sean , Herfat Safa
Published: April 2017

Background: The goal of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of a 2.4-mm dorsal spanning bridge plate with a volar locking plate (VLP) in a distal radius fracture model, during simulated crutch weight-bearing. Methods: Five paired cadaveric forearms were tested. A 1-cm dorsal wedge osteotomy was created to simulate an unstable distal radius fracture with dorsal comminution. Fractures were fixed with a VLP or a dorsal bridge plate (DBP). Specimens were mounted to a crutch handle, and optical motion-tracking sensors were attached to the proximal and distal segments. Specimens were loaded in compression at 1 mm/s on a servohydraulic test frame until failure, defined as 2 mm of gap site displacement. Results: The VLP construct was significantly more stable to axial load in a crutch weight-bearing model compared with the DBP plate (VLP: 493 N vs DBP: 332 N). Stiffness was higher in the VLP constructs, but this was not statistically significant (VLP: 51.4 N/mm vs DBP: 32.4 N/mm). With the crutch weight-bearing model, DBP failed consistently with wrist flexion and plate bending, whereas VLP failed with axial compression at the fracture site and dorsal collapse. Conclusions: Dorsal spanning bridge plating is effective as an internal spanning fixator in treating highly comminuted intra-articular distal radius fracture and prevents axial collapse at the radiocarpal joint. However, bridge plating may not offer advantages in early weight-bearing or transfer in polytrauma patients, with less axial stability in our crutch weight-bearing model compared with volar plating. A stiffer 3.5-mm DBP or use of a DBP construct without the central holes may be considered for distal radius fractures if the goal is early crutch weight-bearing through the injured extremity.
Case Report: Angiosarcoma in the Upper Extremity Related to a Nonfunctioning Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Gale Andrea L. , Marco Rex A. W. , Liberman Shari R. , Zavlin Dmitry , Echo Anthony
Published: April 2017

Background: Angiosarcoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy with a high predilection for the head and neck. There have been few case reports of the development of angiosarcoma in a nonfunctional arteriovenous fistula in a hemodialysis patient. Methods: After institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart analysis is conducted to present the case of a patient who received plastic surgical treatment at our hospital. Results: We present the case of a 44-year-old male who presented with ischemic changes and paresthesias of the upper extremity associated with the development of angiosarcoma in an arteriovenous fistula. Conclusions: Angiosarcoma remains a rare but important diagnosis to include in the differential diagnosis for upper extremity pain and paresthesias in chronic renal failure and nonfunctioning arteriovenous fistula.
Do beliefs make a difference? Exploring how principal self-efficacy and instructional leadership impact teacher efficacy and commitment in Iran
Authors: Hallinger Philip , Hosseingholizadeh Rezvan , Hashemi Nooriyah , Kouhsari Masoumeh
Published: April 2017

Although the knowledge base on instructional leadership is quite well developed in Western societies empirical studies have only recently begun to emerge in the developing societies of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The current study was undertaken to fill a gap in leadership research in Iran, where there have been no prior studies of principal instructional leadership (PIL). The current study sought to understand the relationship between principal self-efficacy, instructional leadership, teacher collective efficacy and teacher organizational commitment in Iranian primary schools. Survey data collected from 111 principals and 345 teachers were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results confirmed the proposed conceptual model affirming the impact of both principal and teacher beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy) on their behaviors and on teacher commitment. More specifically, the SEM results identified robust, positive and statistically significant relationships among the constructs. These findings extend prior research by revealing how leader self-efficacy beliefs and instructional leadership behaviors interact to shape collective teacher efficacy and commitment. This research makes a distinct contribution not only to school leadership research in Iran, but also to the growing body of research on the effects of PIL in non-Western, developing societies.