bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synoptic patterns of South Atlantic Convergence Zone episodes associated with heavy rainfall events in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Rodovia Dutra, km 39, Cachoeira Paulista - SP, CEP 12630-000, Brazil Tel: 55 (12) 3186-8400, Escobar Gustavo Carlos Juan , de Almeida Marques Ana Clara ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Meteorologia Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Bloco G, 21941-916, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Dereczynski Claudine Pereira ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da NaturezaInstituto de Geociências, Departamento de MeteorologiaAvenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Bloco G, 21941-916, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Published: December 2020

The present study provides a synoptic characterization of South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) episodes that caused heavy rainfall events (HRE) in the city of Rio de Janeiro (CRJ) between 2006 and 2016. A total of 77 SACZ episodes were identified in the CRJ (SCRJ), which represented 81% of the total SACZ events in Brazil. At least one day of HRE during the SACZ period (SHRE) was found in 37 SCRJ episodes, representing almost half (48%) of the SACZ events in the CRJ. In 68.6% of these cases, the heavy rainfall occurred on the first two days of the SHRE period. The mean synoptic pattern of SHRE showed a cold front in the Atlantic Ocean connected with a low-pressure system located near the coast of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ). The 850 hPa specific humidity showed a dipole pattern with positive anomalies in southeastern Brazil and negative anomalies in southern Brazil since the day before the occurrence of SHRE. An anomalous upper-level ridge in southeastern Brazil was relevant to intensifying the heavy rainfall in the CRJ. The synoptic classification showed four main surface synoptic patterns associated with SHRE. The two most frequent patterns were associated with a cold front close to the coast of RJ, and the other two were related to the presence of an anticyclone with blocking characteristics and to the presence of a weak extratropical cyclone near the coast of RJ.
Extracellular Polysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum (purpureum) Stimulates the Non-Specific Immune Activities on White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Risjani Yenny , Mutmainnah Nurul , Wulan Siti Narsito , Yunianta Yunianta
Published: December 2020

White shrimps are susceptible to outbreaks of vibriosis because they do not have any adaptive immune system, they only have a non-specific innate immune system. The administration of EPS from microalgae Porphyridium cruentum (synonym: P. purpureum) on shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated to determine the effect of this immunostimulant on their non specific immune response and to test if EPS can be used as a protective agent for shrimp related to Vibrio infection. EPS was given to shrimps by immersion method on day 1 and booster on day 8. Shrimp hemocytes were taken on day 1 (EPS administration), day 7 (no treatment), day 8 (EPS booster) and day 9 (Vibrio infection) and tested for their immune response on each treatment. Result shows an increase in values ​​of all immune parameters in line with the increasing EPS concentration, except the Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC). In detail, an increase was noted in total hemocytes (THC) value, Phagocytotic Activity (PA), Respiratory Burst (RB) in line as the EPS concentration increase. Although there is a decrease after the infection, the value obtained is not lower than the control value. These results indicate that EPS from Porphyrydium enhances immune parameters in shrimp rapidly and has the ability as an immunostimulant or an immunomodulator. It is a good modulator for the non specific immune cells of Pacific white shrimps, and it can be used as a preventive agent against Vibrio.
Making Historical Gyroscopes Alive – 2D and 3D Preservations by Sensor Fusion and Open Data Access
Authors: Fritsch Dieter , Wagner Jörg F. , Ceranski Beate , Simon Sven , Niklaus Maria , Zhan Kun , Mammadov Gasim
Published: December 2020

Gyroscopes are fascinating instruments with a history of about 200 years. When J.G.F. Bohnenberger presented his machine to his students in 1810 at the University of Tuebingen, Germany, nobody could have foreseen that this fascinating development would be used for complex orientation and positioning. At the University of Stuttgart, Germany, a collection of 160 exhibits is available and in transition for a sustainable future. Here, the systems are digitized in 2D, 2.5D and 3D and are made available for a world-wide community using OpenAccess platforms. The technologies being used are Computed Tomography, Computer Vision, Endoscopy and Photogrammetry. The workflows for combining voxel representations and colored point clouds are described, to create Digital Twins of the tangible assets. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed und work for near future is outlined in this new and challenging field of Tech Heritage digitization.
EL DERECHO HUMANO AL TRABAJO Y EL EJERCICIO PROFESIONAL DE LOS EXTRANJEROS. EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LOS TRIBUNALES MEXICANOS
Authors: Silva Silva Jorge Alberto
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se presenta un panorama retrospectivo describiendo cómo los tribunales mexicanos han visto y tratado a los extranjeros en torno al derecho al trabajo y su ejercicio profesional. La perspectiva es la de los derechos humanos. Este apartado ha sido reformulado por medio de las resoluciones de los tribunales federales en torno a ese derecho, que les ha sido negado a los destinatarios, generalmente, médicos, deportistas y artistas, vulnerando sus derechos humanos. Se presenta el recorrido habido en torno a tal tema a partir de la Constitución de 1917, partiendo de las resoluciones de los más altos tribunales judiciales, procurando explicar cómo han apreciado ese derecho, razonado y resuelto. Aunque, como se observará, el respeto no ha sido favorable.
REPERCUSIONES ACADÉMICAS Y SOCIALES DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA MEDIACIÓN EN LA FORMACIÓN DEL ALUMNO UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Borrego Gallegos Marisol
Published: December 2020

Las necesidades de la sociedad respecto a las relaciones nos han obligado a establecer nuevas formas de solución de conflictos de manera pacífica, amigable, cercana y fuera de las instancias gubernamentales. Por esto, es necesario reforzar una enseñanza de los métodos autocompositivos desde la formación de los futuros profesionistas a través de una revisión de las opciones y consecuencias de la enseñanza y aplicación de los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos (comúnmente conocidos y así se denominarán en el presente artículo, por sus iniciales como MASC) en las aulas, no únicamente para la comunidad escolar, si no de todas las instituciones socializadoras, desde la perspectiva académica, legal y social.
The thematic cartography of Galicia as a promoter of cultural tourism and as a teaching aid for Geography
Authors: Pérez Guilarte Yamilé , Armas Quintá Francisco Xosé , Macía Arce Xosé Carlos
Published: December 2020

The article presents a sample of the thematic cartography that will be integrated into the Observatory of the Cultural Heritage of Galicia platform, a digital application in a website and App format. The proposed thematic cartography provides relevant information about the region’s heritage, demographics, and socioeconomic aspects for visitors undertaking cultural tourism in Galicia. Moreover, it provides a vital didactic resource for the teaching-learning of geography from an active, reflective and critical perspective, at all levels of education from primary education through to university.
Explaining the impact of mHealth on maternal and child health care in low- and middle-income countries: A realist synthesis
Authors: Kabongo Eveline Muika , Mukumbang Ferdinand , Delobelle Peter N/A , Nicol Edward N/A
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the growing global application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in maternal and child health, contextual factors, and mechanisms by which interventional outcomes are generated, have not been subjected to a systematic examination. In this study, we sought to uncover context, mechanisms, and outcome elements of various mHealth interventions based on implementation and evaluation studies to formulate theories or models explicating how mHealth interventions work (or not) both for health care providers and for pregnant women and mothers.Method: We undertook a realist synthesis. An electronic search of six online databases (Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, and Health Systems Evidence) was performed. Using appropriate Boolean phrases terms and selection procedures, 32 articles were identified. A theory-driven approach, narrative synthesis, was applied to synthesize the data. Thematic content analysis was used to delineate elements of the intervention, including its context, actors, mechanisms, and outcomes. Abduction and retroduction were applied using a realist evaluation heuristic tool to formulate generative theories.Results: We formulated two configurational models illustrating how and why mHealth impacts the implementation and uptake of maternal and child care services. Implementation-related mechanisms include buy-in from health care providers, perceived support of health care providers’ motivation, and perceived ease of use and usefulness. These mechanisms were influenced by adaptive health system conditions including organization, resource availability, policy implementation dynamics, experience with technology, network infrastructure, and connectivity. For pregnant women and mothers, mechanisms that trigger mHealth use and consequently uptake of maternal and child health care include perceived satisfaction, motivation, and positive psychological support. Information overload was identified as a potential negative mechanism impacting the uptake of maternal and child health care. These mechanisms were influenced by health system conditions, socio-cultural characteristics, socio-economic and demographics characteristics, network infrastructure and connectivity, and awareness.Conclusion: Models developed in this study provide a detailed understanding of the implementation and uptake of mHealth interventions and how and why they impact maternal and child health care in low- and middle-income countries. These models provide a foundation for the ‘white box’ of theory-driven evaluation of mHealth interventions and can improve rollout and implementation where required.
The genetic control of leaf and petal allometric variations in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yaohua , Yang Suxin , Wu Chunxia , Shao Qun , Feng Xianzhong
Published: December 2020

BackgroundOrgan shape and size covariation (allometry) are essential concepts for the study of evolution and development. Although ample research has been conducted on organ shape and size, little research has considered the correlated variation of these two traits and quantitatively measured the variation in a common framework. The genetic basis of allometry variation in a single organ or among different organs is also relatively unknown.ResultsA principal component analysis (PCA) of organ landmarks and outlines was conducted and used to quantitatively capture shape and size variation in leaves and petals of multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. The PCA indicated that size variation was a major component of allometry variation and revealed negatively correlated changes in leaf and petal size. After quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, five QTLs for the fourth leaf, 11 QTLs for the seventh leaf, and 12 QTLs for petal size and shape were identified. These QTLs were not identical to those previously identified, with the exception of the ER locus. The allometry model was also used to measure the leaf and petal allometry covariation to investigate the evolution and genetic coordination between homologous organs. In total, 12 QTLs were identified in association with the fourth leaf and petal allometry covariation, and eight QTLs were identified to be associated with the seventh leaf and petal allometry covariation. In these QTL confidence regions, there were important genes associated with cell proliferation and expansion with alleles unique to the maximal effects accession. In addition, the QTLs associated with life-history traits, such as days to bolting, stem length, and rosette leaf number, which were highly coordinated with climate change and local adaption, were QTL mapped and showed an overlap with leaf and petal allometry, which explained the genetic basis for their correlation.ConclusionsThis study explored the genetic basis for leaf and petal allometry and their interaction, which may provide important information for investigating the correlated variation and evolution of organ shape and size in Arabidopsis.
Response of phytohormone mediated plant homeodomain (PHD) family to abiotic stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum spp.)
Authors: Wu Huanhuan , Zheng Lei , Qanmber Ghulam , Guo Mengzhen , Wang Zhi , Yang Zuoren
Published: December 2020

Background: The sequencing and annotations of cotton genomes provide powerful theoretical support to unravel more physiological and functional information. Plant homeodomain (PHD) protein family has been reported to be involved in regulating various biological processes in plants. However, their functional studies have not yet been carried out in cotton.Results: In this study, 108, 55, and 52 PHD genes were identified in G. hirsutum, G. raimondii, and G. arboreum, respectively. A total of 297 PHD genes from three cotton species, Arabidopsis, and rice were divided into five groups. We performed chromosomal location, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and conserved domain analysis for GhPHD genes. GhPHD genes were unevenly distributed on each chromosome. However, more GhPHD genes were distributed on At_05, Dt_05, and At_07 chromosomes. GhPHD proteins depicted conserved domains, and GhPHD genes exhibiting similar gene structure were clustered together. Further, whole genome duplication (WGD) analysis indicated that purification selection greatly contributed to the functional maintenance of GhPHD gene family. Expression pattern analysis based on RNA-seq data showed that most GhPHD genes showed clear tissue-specific spatiotemporal expression patterns elucidating the multiple functions of GhPHDs in plant growth and development. Moreover, analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that GhPHDs may respond to a variety of abiotic and phytohormonal stresses. In this regard, some GhPHD genes showed good response against abiotic and phytohormonal stresses. Additionally, co-expression network analysis indicated that GhPHDs are essential for plant growth and development, while GhPHD genes response against abiotic and phytohormonal stresses may help to improve plant tolerance in adverse environmental conditions.Conclusion: This study will provide useful information to facilitate further research related to the vital roles of GhPHD gene family in plant growth and development.
Use of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis of unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence areas: A prospective analysis of 601 cases
Authors: Yang Xinting , zhang jing , Liang Qingtao , Pan Liping , Duan Hongfei , Yang Yang , Li Hua , Guo Chao , Sun Qi , Jia Hongyan , Du Boping , Wei Rongrong , Xing Aiying , Zhang Zongde , Chen Xiaoyou
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation and may have lasting effect on lung function. However conventional diagnostic tests for TPE register multiple limitations. This study estimates diagnostic efficacy of the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA: T-SPOT.TB) in TPE patients of different characteristics.METHODS: We performed a prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively enrolled from June 2015 to October 2018. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, technical cut-offs and the utility of T-SPOT on pleural fluid (PF) were determined and analysed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the independent risk factors for TPE, and evaluated the performance of the T-SPOT assay stratified by risk factors in comparison to ADA.RESULTS: A total of 601 individuals were consecutively recruited. The maximum spot-forming cells (SFCs) of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in the PF T-SPOT assay had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, which was equal to ADA (0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior to peripheral blood (PB), with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1% (The cut-off value was 466 SFCs/106 mononuclear cells). Among the TPE patients with low ADA (<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT were still 87.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The utility of ADA was negatively related to increasing age, but the PF T-SPOT test had a steady performance at all ages. Age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) = 5.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.59-8.78; P<0.001), gender (male; OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.75-2.88; P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (<22; OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.30-2.88; P=0.001) were independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Notably, when stratified by risk factor, the sensitivity of PF T-SPOT was superior to the sensitivity for ADA (76.5% vs. 23.5%, P=0.016) and had noninferior specificity (84.4% vs. 96.9%, P=0.370).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the PF T-SPOT assay can effectively discriminate TPE patients whose ADA is lower than 40 IU/L and is superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients (age≥45 yrs, female or BMI≥22). The PF T-SPOT assay is an excellent choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.
Monitoring the evolution of posttraumatic symptomatology, depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilians (COVIDPsiq)
Authors: Calegaro Vitor Crestani , Negretto Bianca Lorenzi , Weber Leopoldo Pompeo , Kerber Natalia , Zoratto Gustavo , Rodrigues Leonardo , Braun Luiza Elizabete , Kochler Julia , Girardi  , Picinin Vitor Daniel , Maciel Luísa , Labre Gabriel Salomão , Costa Fernanda Coloniese Dala
Published: December 2020

In view of the evolution of the pandemic by COVID-19 in Brazil, and the adoption of social restriction measures, an increase in cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorder and depression is expected. In epidemic situations, mental health services can become overloaded; however, the evolution of these disorders over time is not known. This study aims to monitor the evolution of PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilians, and to investigate sociodemographic risk factors related to psychiatric history and contagion, as well as maladaptive personality traits and posttraumatic growth. It will be a longitudinal study, conducted through online questionnaires, with a sample of non-probabilistic convenience. The inclusion criteria are: being brazilian born or living in Brazilian territory; be over 18 years old; have access to digital devices; and be literate. A sample of at least 2000 people is expected. The instruments applied are a research questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Checklist 5 (PCL-5), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 – brief form (PID-5-BF), and the PostTraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The study will be carried out in four stages: entry, one month, three months, and six months after the entry. The study relies on voluntary participation, with the agreement through the Free and Informed Consent Form. Data collection will be conducted in 2020, and the study will be completed in 2021. It will be financed with its own resources, and encouragement will be sought through research funding agencies.
Changes in physicochemical, heavy metals and air quality in life episode of Aplocheilus panchax along Mahanadi industrial belt of India as a function of social lockdowns
Authors: Paital Biswaranjan , Agrawal Pawan
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 induced lockdowns have many positive effects on the environment. However, a preplanned experiment explaining the impacts of such lockdowns on environmental markers and appearance of fish species is lacking. We hypothesize that spotting the fish Aplocheilus panchax along the industrial belt of Mahanadi River near Cuttack in a never seen manner could be due to the regenerated environment. Heavy metals, water quality and air qualities along with spotting A. panchax in up, mid and down stations in Mahanadi River at Jagatpur industrial basins were analysed at pre-lockdown (end of March 2020) and after 60 days of lockdown (last week of May 2020). Here we show that an overall reduction of 45, 61, 79, 100, 97 and 90% of Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively, was recorded in the studied area after lockdowns. Similarly, dissolved oxygen and pH was elevated by 26 and 7%, respectively. Water temperature, conductivity and total dissolved solute levels were reduced by 7, 46 and 15%, respectively. Air NO2, SO2, NH3, PM2.5, PM10 and CO levels were alleviated by 58.75, 80.33, 72.22, 76.28, 77.33 and 80.15%, respectively. Finally, for the first time we documented about 12 numbers of the A. panchax per 100 m shore line in the area. The observed lockdown induced environmental healing at the studied area could contribute to this and therefore a stringent environmental audit is suggested during post-COVID-19 periods to make the regenerated environmental status long lasting at several places of the planet.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the accessibility of multidisciplinary diagnostics of neurodevelopmental disorders in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Cloet Eva , Jansen Anna , Leys Mark
Published: December 2020

Background Neurodevelopmental disorders start in early childhood and may restrict personal, scholastic, social and professional development and functioning. Early detection and smooth trajectories of diagnostics, rehabilitation and support affect the child's development and opportunities. A specialized multidisciplinary team must do a diagnostic evaluation. While accessibility to multidisciplinary diagnostics for all children in Flanders (Belgium) is problematic in regular times, the lockdown measures taken by the end of March 2020 in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could amplify this problem. This article aims to explore the impact of lockdown policy measures on the accessibility of multidisciplinary diagnostics of developmental disorders.Methods This “rapid response” study was commissioned by the Flemish authorities, as a follow up of a broader study on accessibility of multidisciplinary diagnostics. A questionnaire with open-ended questions was sent out to respondents of three key types of facilities: the Centers for Ambulatory Rehabilitation, Autism Reference Centers and Centers for Developmental Disorders. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed in an iterative process by researcher triangulation.Results Measures taken in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic negatively impacted on waiting periods which lengthened with at least three months and even longer for certain target groups. Specific guidelines to minimize the risk of virus contamination, impact on planning, time management and the quality of the diagnostic assessments. Respondents reported them as being time consuming, uncomfortable, with an increasing workload and leading to a reduction in the number of daily diagnostic activities. Suggested catching-up strategies were increase of public funding, a less rigid application of regulations and a complete or partial assignment stop.Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reinforced the existing problem of accessibility because of a general shortage of diagnostic capacity. On a shorter term accessibility problems can be tempered by providing “bridging care” during waiting periods. On the longer term, strengthening regional interorganisational collaboration is required, to enhance more efficient and effective diagnostic trajectories in facilities providing adapted services to the needs of the children.
A chromosomal-level genome assembly and the diet habit-specific amino acid mutation identification of the Cyprinidae fish Ancherythroculter nigrocauda
Authors: Sun Yanhong , Wang Guiying , Gui Jianfang , Chen Jian , Li Pei , Zhu Dongmei , Liu Yingwu , Zhang Zongqun , Li Wei , Li Qing
Published: December 2020

Background

Ancherythroculter nigrocauda is an endemic Cyprinidae fish in China, it has many desirable traits for genetic breeding, including strong disease resistance, unusual stress tolerance and high efficiency in nutrition update, which have made it an emerging commercial aquaculture fish. With the publication of its close-related species’ genome sequence, we can study the diet-specific genomic mutations within Cyprinidae.
Results

Here we report whole genome assembly of a female A. nigrocauda individual constructed using the single molecule DNA sequencing platform PacBio Sequel. With the help of Hi-C anchoring, we successfully placed contigs to chromosome level (2n = 48), yielding a genome size of 1054.05 Mb with contig N50 of 3.40 Mb and scaffold N50 of 42.68 Mb. This genome assembly, which has reached a high base-level accuracy of 99.999%, harboring 33,606 annotated protein-coding genes. We also found 582 genes hold diet-specific amino acid mutation between herbivorous and carnivorous fishes and 26 of them showed significant different expression patterns in liver tissue of these two types of fishes.
Conclusions

The availability of the chromosome-level genome assembly of A. nigrocauda provides valuable resources for future in-depth comparative genomics studies and applications including genetic breeding. The diet-specific amino acid mutation can be used in breeding of new strains of carnivorous fishes which feed on herbivorous fodder.
Is mild hypernatremia an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome in neurocritically ill patients?
Authors: Lee Yun Im , Ahn Joonghyun , Ryu Jeong-Am
Published: December 2020

We investigated the impact of hypernatremia on mortality of neurocritically ill patients. Among neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to December 2019, the patients who were hospitalized in the ICU for more than 5 days included. Hypernatremia was defined as the highest serum sodium level exceeding 150 mEq/L observed. Among 1,146 patients, 353 patients (30.8%) showed hypernatremia. Based on propensity score matching, 290 pairs were analyzed. Hypernatremia group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality compared with non-hypernatremia group in overall and matched population (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis of propensity score-matched population, moderate and severe hypernatremia were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15 – 9.75 and adjusted OR: 6.93, 95% CI: 3.46 – 13.90, respectively) compared with the absence of hypernatremia. However, in-hospital mortality was not significantly different between non-hypernatremia and mild hypernatremia groups (p = 0.720). Interestingly, mild hypernatremia group of matched population showed the best survival rate. Eventually, moderate and severe hypernatremia were associated with poor clinical outcomes in neurocritically ill patients. However, prognosis of the patients with mild hypernatremia was similar with those without hypernatremia.
Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function(PFMF) in Cervical Cancer Patients with Querleu-Morrow type C Hysterectomy：A Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Wen Hongwu , Gao Yunong , Lv Qiubo , Li Hongyu , Wang Sumei , Wang Yanlong , Liu Qing , Han Jinsong , Wang Haibo , Li Yi , Yu Na , Wang Qing , Cao Tingting , Wang Sha , Sun Huaxin , Sun Xiuli , Wang Jianliu , Wang Zhiqi
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Hypothesis To evaluate the pelvic floor muscle function (PFMF) of cervical cancer patients after type QM-C hysterectomy and to explore the relationship between decreased PFMF and related factors.. Methods This was a multi-centered retrospective cohort study. 181 cervical cancer patients underwent type QM-C hysterectomy were enrolled from 9 tertiary hospitals. Strength of PFMF were measured by using neuromuscular apparatus (Phenix U8, French). Risk factors contributed to decreased PFMF was analyzed by univariate and multivariate ordinal ploytomous logistic regression. Results Totally 181 patients were investigated in this study.0-3 level of type I muscle fibre strength(MFSI) was 52.6%(95/181),0-3 level of type ⅡA muscle fibre strength(MFSⅡA) was 50%(91/181). Subjective stress urinary incontinence was 46%(84/181),urinary retention was 27.3%(50/181),dyschezia was 41.5%(75/181),fecal incontinence was 9%(18/181).①MFSI：Multivariate ordinal ploytomous logistic regression shows that the follow-up time(p<0.05),chemotherapy and radiotherapy (p=0.038) are independent risk factors of MFSI’s reduction after type QM-C hysterectomy.② MFSⅡA：Multivariate ordinal ploytomous logistic regression shows that the follow-up time(p<0.05) are independent risk factors of MFSⅡA’s reduction after type QM-C hysterectomy. The pelvic floor muscle strength(PFMS) increased after 9 months than in 9 months after operation, which showed that the PFMS could be recovered after operation. Conclusions We advocate for more attention and emphasis on the PFMF of Chinese female patients with cervical cancer postoperation. Contribution of the Paper The key messages of the article is that PFMF after QM-C hysterectomy have not been analyzed by current study.The new knowledge added by this study is that 3 months after radical hysterectomy patients’ should do pelvic floor rehabilitation exercises.
Immunisation Status of Children and Adolescents with a New Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ford Timothy , Danchin Margie , McMinn Alissa , Perrett Kirsten , Alex George , Crawford Nigel
Published: December 2020

Background:Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, including vaccine preventable diseases. Current evidence suggests uptake of additional recommended special risk vaccinations is low. Identification of IBD patients prior to commencing immunosuppressive therapy allows for optimisation of vaccination, including timely administration of live-attenuated and additional recommended vaccines, such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Methods:Paediatric patients (0-18 years) seen at the tertiary Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with a recent diagnosis of IBD were referred by the Gastroenterology Unit to our Specialist Immunisation Clinic (SIC) for assessment and provision of routine and special risk vaccines. Data was collected via a standardised REDCap questionnaire completed in or post attendance at the SIC and included serology results where available. Results:Sixty-nine paediatric patients were recruited to the study between 2014 and 2017. Median age at IBD diagnosis was 11.25 years (IQR 4.64 years), with median time between diagnosis and SIC review of 0.88 years (IQR 2.84 years). At initial review 84.1% (58/69) of patients were up to date with vaccines on the Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP) schedule. Of those who were tested, serological evidence of immunity was demonstrated in 38.3% (23/60) of patients for Hepatitis B, 66.7% (36/54) for measles, 51.9% (28/54) for rubella and 41.9% (26/62) for Varicella Zoster Virus. Prior to SIC review 47.8% (33/69) had additional vaccinations and 92.8% (64/69) had vaccinations administered in the 12 months following SIC assessment. The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (76.8%, 53/69) was the most commonly administered vaccine after SIC review, followed by influenza vaccine (69.6%, 48/69). Within 12 months of SIC review 43.5% (30/69) of patients had completed the schedule and were up-to-date as recommended by the SIC.Conclusions:Children with IBD and other special risk groups can benefit from early referral to a SIC team to ensure optimal administration of routine and additionally recommended vaccines, especially live and additional special risk vaccines. The value of optimising immunisations could also be applied to other special risk groups, including adult IBD cohorts, particularly those commencing newer biologic immunosuppressive medications.
High-Efficiency, Flexibility and Lead-Free X-ray Shielding Multilayered Polymer Composites
Authors: Li Zefeng , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xianlong , Gao Yue , Guo Shaoyun
Published: December 2020

To overcome the severe toxicity and blind absorption zone of conventional lead-based shielding materials for X-rays in the 70-90 keV range, the lead-free multilayered polymer composites were designed and fabricated. The effects of the direction of incidence of the X-rays and number of layers as well as layer thickness ratio of the (tungsten/ethylene-octene copolymer)/(bismuth/ethylene-octene copolymer) layered composites on their shielding efficiency were studied systematically. Compared to the traditional polymer blending, the multilayered polymer composites exhibited the improved photon attenuation. The multilayered polymer composites (layer thickness ratio was 3:7) with 6 layers had the best X-ray shielding ability. Moreover, the X-ray shielding provided by the multi-layered interfaces and the multiple complementary effect of the absorption within the multilayered structure were firstly proposed based on computer simulations. The multilayered structural design effectively weakened the probability of the X-ray penetration. Therefore, the X-ray shielding capability can be effectively enhanced through increasing number of layers and the synergistic effect of multi-layered interfaces. The experimental results of this study can serve as guidelines for the fabrication of flexibility, lead-free, lightweight and high-efficiency X-ray shielding materials.
Responsiveness of The EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) Questionnaire in Patients with Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tsang Helen Hoi Lun , Wong Carlos King Ho , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Lau Chak Sing , Chung Ho Yin , Cheung Jason Pui Yin
Published: December 2020

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life due to functional impairments. Generic health instruments like the EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) is important for cost-utility analysis of health care interventions and calculation of quality-adjusted life-years. It has been validated in patients with SpA. However, its responsiveness property has yet to be determined. Hence, the aim of study is to test the responsiveness properties of the EQ-5D health measure for Chinese patients with SpA.Methods: Prospective and consecutive recruitment of 151 Chinese patients with SpA was conducted with follow-up assessments 6 months later. Demographic data including smoking and drinking habits, education level, income and occupation was collected. Disease-associated data including disease duration, presence of back pain, peripheral arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis, uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease was also recorded. Questionnaires regarding disease activity and functional disability (BASDAI, BASFI, BASGI, BASMI, ASDAS), mental health (HADS) and the EQ-5D scores were recorded. Responsiveness was tested against the global rating of change scale (GRC) and changes in disease activity using BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP. Results: A total of 113 (74.8%) patients completed the follow-up assessments. Most patients (61.6%) had low disease activity level with BASDAI <4 and 39.7% of patients had inactive disease by ASDAS-CRP. EQ-5D scores was well discriminated between improved and worsened BASDAI scores. EQ-5D scores also correlated well with HADS. The GRC was not able to discriminate adequately. No significant ceiling or floor effect was observed. Conclusions: EQ-5D demonstrates satisfactory responsiveness property for assessment of changes in SpA disease activity.
Tetraploid Citrumelo 4475 (Citrus paradisi L. Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) Rootstocks Improve Common Clementine Tolerance to Long-term Nutrient Deficiency (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan)
Authors: Oustric Julie , Herbette Stéphane , Quilichini Yann , Morillon Raphaël , Giannettini Jean , Berti Liliane , Santini Jérémie
Published: December 2020

Nutrient deficiency alters growth and the production of high-quality nutritious food. In Citrus crops, rootstock technologies have become a key tool for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress. The use of doubled diploid rootstocks can improve adaptation to lower nutrient inputs. This study investigated leaf structure and ultrastructure and physiological and biochemical parameters of common clementine scions (C) grafted on diploid (2x) and doubled diploid (4x) Carrizo citrange (C/CC2x and C/CC4x) and Citrumelo 4475 (C/CM2x and C/CM4x) rootstocks under optimal fertigation and after seven months of nutrient deficiency. Rootstock ploidy level had no impact on structure but induced changes in the number and/or size of cells and some cell components of common clementine leaves under optimal nutrition. Rootstock ploidy level did not modify gas exchanges in Carrizo citrange but induced a reduction in the leaf net photosynthetic rate in Citrumelo 4475. By assessing foliar damage, changes in photosynthetic processes and malondialdehyde accumulation, we found that C/CM4x were less affected by nutrient deficiency than the other scion/rootstock combinations. Their greater tolerance to nutrient deficiency was probably due to the better performance of the enzyme-based antioxidant system. Nutrient deficiency had similar impacts on C/CC2x and C/CC4x. Tolerance to nutrient deficiency can therefore be improved by rootstock polyploidy but remains dependent on the rootstock genotype.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Selected MicroRNAs in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Aslanabadi Naser , Asadi Milad , Zafari Venus , Shanebandi Dariush , Zarredar Habib , Enamzadeh Elgar , Taghizadeh Hamed , Badalzadeh Reza
Published: December 2020

Background: Measurement of the level of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) has been introduced as a convincing diagnostic modality in a variety of diseases including acute heart failure (AHF). There are also a few encouraging results that advocate the prognostic value of miRNAs in AHF. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of selected miRNAs in patients with AHF. Method: Forty-four patients were randomly selected from AHF patients attending the Madani Heart Center of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 1st April 2018 to 31st August 2018. 58 healthy participants were included as the control group. The plasma level of selected miRNAs including miR -1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p were measured in both groups. In the second phase, patients were followed for one year and several outcomes were recorded including in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality, and the number of readmissions. Result: An overall 102 plasma samples were evaluated. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups (p> 0.05). Mean levels of miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p in AHF patients were significantly higher than the control group (p values=0.001, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). All selected miRNAs demonstrated high diagnostic power. The highest sensitivity and specificity were seen in miR-423-5-p which were 90% and >99%, respectively (p = 0.001, AUC = 0.909). The follow-up data demonstrated these miRNAs had no significant association with prognostic outcomes (p>0.05 for all variables). Conclusion: The result of our study demonstrated that miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p can be considered as biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity in AHF. However, we found no evidence supporting the efficacy of these miRNAs as prognostic factors.
Active Surveillance in 2020: A modified Delphi study to develop a practical guide for selecting patients with prostate cancer for Active Surveillance
Authors: Merriel Samuel , Moon Daniel , Dundee Phil , Corcoran Niall , Carroll Peter , Partin Alan , Smith Joseph , Hamdy Freddie , Moore Caroline , Ost Piet , Costello Tony
Published: December 2020

Background Active surveillance (AS) is a management option for men diagnosed with lower risk prostate cancer. There is wide variation in all aspects of AS internationally, from patient selection to investigations and follow-up intervals, and a lack of clear evidence on the optimal approach to AS. This study aimed to provide guidance for clinicians from an international panel of prostate cancer experts. Methods A modified Delphi approach was undertaken, utilising two rounds of online questionnaires followed by a face-to-face workshop. Participants indicated their level of agreement with statements relating to patient selection for AS via online questionnaires on a 7-point Likert scale. Factors not achieving agreement were iteratively developed between the two rounds of questionnaires. Draft statements were presented at the face-to-face workshop for discussion and consensus building. Results 12 prostate cancer experts (9 Urologists, 2 academics, 1 radiation oncologist) participated in this study from a range of geographical regions (4 USA, 4 Europe, 4 Australia). Complete agreement on statements presented to the participants was 29.4% after Round One and 69.5% after Round Two. Following robust discussions at the face-to-face workshop, agreement was reached on the remaining statements. Conclusions The lack of consistency in the practice of AS for men with lower risk prostate cancer between and within countries was reflected in this modified Delphi study. There are, however, areas of common practice and agreement from which clinicians practicing in the current environment can use to inform their clinical practice to achieve the best outcomes for patients.
How the First Years of Motherhood Impact the Cardiac Autonomic Profile of Female Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Vecchia Laura Adelaide Dalla , De Maria Beatrice , Cassetti Giuseppina , Clementi Letizia , De Grazia Valeria , Perego Francesca , Porta Alberto
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe conciliation between career and family is a relevant issue for working women, in particular during the first years of motherhood. Data about the state of the cardiac autonomic regulation in working women with preschoolers are lacking.AimTo compare the cardiac autonomic profile of women with and without preschoolers via the analysis of the variability of the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) from standard 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods and ResultsFifty healthy active female healthcare professionals were enrolled: 25 with at least one preschooler (W_KID) and 25 without (W_NOKID). A standard Holter ECG was obtained during a regular working day. Segments of 5000 consecutive RRs were selected during daytime (DAY) and nighttime (NIGHT). Heart rate variability analysis was performed and the following parameters were considered for comparison between the two groups: mean (μRR), variance (σ2RR), and the absolute power in high frequency component (HF) of RR series. HFRR was considered as a marker of vagal cardiac modulation. Only µRR significantly increased from DAY to NIGHT in both groups, W_KID and W_NOKID. Instead, σ2RR and HFRR increased from DAY to NIGHT only in W_NOKID. W_KID showed lower σ2RR and HFRR during NIGHT, compared to W_NOKID.ConclusionThe presence of preschoolers lowered nocturnal cardiac vagal modulation of female mothers. This might represent a finalistic adaptation to facilitate reactivity to demanding tasks.
Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Modulate Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae
Authors: Xavier Maria , Conceição Luís , Valente Luisa , Colen Rita , Rodrigues Andreia , Rocha Rui , Custódio Luísa , Carballo Carlos , Manchado Manuel , Engrola Sofia
Published: December 2020

Oxidative stress has a direct impact on fish production, affecting both growth and health status. Plant based extracts, such as those from green tea, curcumin and grape seeds, are known for their abundant content and diversity of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have a high antioxidant capacity making such extracts good additives to include in fish diets potentially improving the oxidative status of fish, and therefore enhancing growth and stress resistance of farmed fish. A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 DAH) fed with four experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and three supplemented with natural antioxidants, namely curcumin (CC), green tea (GT) and grape seed (GS) extracts, was performed during 25 days to check if these supplements could improve growth performance and fish oxidative status. Moreover, a thermal stress was applied at the end of the growth trial, to assess the effect of these supplemented diets in stress resistance of sole juveniles.Sole growth was improved by the dietary inclusion of CC and GS compared to CTRL. Juveniles from CC and CTRL present the lowest values of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PC)). Moreover, the fish fed CC showed a decrease in stress related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) compare to CTRL, which might be due to direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast the supplementation of GT and GS increased the content of oxidative damage in sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress exposure both GT and GS treatment seem to prevent the increase of PC and decrease of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in sole and depending on the time of exposure. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with these natural extracts modulates oxidative status and stress response after a short/long term temperature increase. The incorporation of curcumin seems to be a safe additive to include in sole diets, enhancing growth and oxidative status. The supplementation of the studied doses of green tea and grape seed extracts in fish diets needs further research as they may act as pro-oxidant depending of the culture conditions.
Decoding Location-specific and Location-invariant Stages of Numerosity Processing in Subitizing
Authors: Wurm Moritz , Tagliabue Chiara , Mazza Veronica
Published: December 2020

Extracting the number of objects in perceived scenes is a fundamental cognitive ability. Number processing is proposed to rely on two consecutive stages: an early object location map that captures individuated objects in a location-specific way and a subsequent location-invariant representation that captures numerosity at an abstract level. However, it is unclear whether this framework applies to small numerosities that can be individuated at once ("subitized"). Here we used EEG-based multivariate pattern decoding to test for location-specific and location-invariant stages of numerosity processing in the subitizing range. In two experiments, 1-3 targets were presented in the left or right hemifield, which allowed for decoding target numerosity within each hemifield separately (location-specific) or across hemifields (location-invariant). Experiment 1 indicated the presence of a location-specific stage (180-200 ms post-stimulus), followed by a location-invariant stage (300 ms post-stimulus). Experiment 2 showed that both location-specific and invariant components are engaged only during tasks that explicitly require numerosity processing, ruling out automatic, passive recording of numerosity. Overall, the results suggest that numerosity coding in subitizing is strongly grounded on an attention-based, location-specific stage. This stage remains active in parallel with the subsequent activation of a location-invariant stage, where a full representation of numerosity is finalized.