bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childbirth Educators’ Role Regarding Pregnant Women and Cervical Cancer Prevention
Authors: Asamu Olufunmiso Oyetunde , Danawi Hadi
Published: November 2021

Childbirth educators play an important role in educating pregnant women regarding their health. They bridge the gap between pregnant women and healthcare providers. A paucity of information exists on the benefits that pregnant women derive from interactions with childbirth educators regarding early cervical cancer detection. The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to investigate the association among education during early pregnancy offered by the childbirth educators, access to childbirth educators, availability of childbirth educators in the United States and survival from cervical cancer. Secondary data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) on 520,153 women were analyzed using logistic regression. Childbirth education delivered by childbirth educators during early pregnancy was associated with significantly fewer cervical cancer deaths (odds ratio = .917, CI = .896–.939, P = .000). Women with late-stage diagnosis had an increased likelihood of dying when diagnosed with cervical cancer (odds ratio = 1.043, CI = 1.042– 1.044, P = .000). Childbirth educators are effective at increasing awareness of cervical cancer among women in the early stages of pregnancy; this can improve survival and lead to positive social change.
Better to Forgive or to Forget? Marital Transgressions and Forgiveness in Older Couples
Authors: Jensen Jakob , Rauer Amy , Johnson Amanda
Published: November 2021

Navigating romantic transgressions in older adulthood is imperative for both relationship quality and longevity, making forgiveness a critical process. The current study examined marital transgressions and forgiveness among 64 older (age range = 56–89), higher-functioning, primarily White, married couples studied at two time points spaced 16.4 months apart. More than half the spouses did not report a transgression in the past year, and not doing so was associated with better marital functioning at both time points. Of the transgressions reported, thematic analyses revealed they fell into six categories (e.g., spouse behaving badly, financial issues), but were overall relatively minor in nature. If husbands engaged in greater avoidance after a transgression, both spouses were less maritally satisfied a year later. Findings suggest more attention to not only forgiveness approaches employed (avoidance of the issue versus avoidance of the person) but also to the potential role of gender and timing in these associations.
The history of Polish viola literature – the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Stanisławska Dorota
Published: November 2021

After the Romanticism era, when virtuoso music was dominated by the violin, cello and piano, there was a noticeable tendency among composers to search for new and fresh sound inspired by instruments previously functioning mainly in an orchestra. One of the instruments which acquired a new glory back then was the viola. Even though Western European literature earned a permanent place in the repertoire of violists worldwide, Polish pieces representing this genre are lesser-known and performed not as often, except for a few compositions.
The library of Polish 20th century viola works is quite rich, but many compositions did not stand the test of time and we would look for them in vain within the performance canon; others were not published in print or recorded, and their manuscripts are owned by private collections. Some autographs of compositions have gone missing and only their titles have been preserved to this day.
The present article is an attempt to systematise the state of knowledge about Polish viola compositions written before the end of the 20th century.
Bezpieczeństwo imprez sportowych na przykładzie Igrzysk Olimpijskich Tokio 2020
Authors: Socha Izabella
Published: November 2021

W 1896 r. w Atenach po raz pierwszy zostały zorganizowane nowożytne igrzyska olimpijskie,
których propagatorem był baron Pierre’a de Coubertin. W utworze Oda do sportu pisze on
o kulcie pokoju i przyjaźni między ludźmi różnych narodów. W 1914 r. wybucha I wojna
światowa i, w przeciwieństwie do starożytnych igrzysk, już w 1916 r. nie zostają zorganizowane
kolejne igrzyska. Z analogiczną sytuacją mamy do czynienia podwójnie w trakcie II wojny
światowej, tj. w 1940 r. i w 1944 r. Wydarzenia, jakie miały miejsce podczas igrzysk w Monachium
w 1972 r., na zawsze zmieniają świat igrzysk olimpijskich. Lista zagrożeń dla kolejnych
igrzysk organizowanych u progu XX i na początku XX w. systematycznie rośnie, co wymaga
większych nakładów finansowych na ich organizację oraz sięganie po nowe rozwiązania.
Igrzyska Olimpijskie Tokio 2020 to bez wątpienia jedna z największych dotychczasowych
imprez sportowych na świecie. Pojawiają się zatem obawy o prawidłowy przebieg tego wydarzenia.
Największym wyzwaniem dla organizatorów staje się choroba zakaźna ludzi COVID-19.
DZIAŁANIA RATOWNICTWA CHEMICZNEGO PODEJMOWANE PRZEZ PAŃSTWOWĄ STRAŻ POŻARNĄ W CELU MINIMALIZOWANIA SKUTKÓW PO ZAMACHACH TERRORYSTYCZNYCH Z UŻYCIEM MATERIAŁÓW NIEBEZPIECZNYCH
Authors: Pietrusiak Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące użycia w zamachach terrorystycznych materiałów
niebezpiecznych przewożonych transportem drogowym. Omówiono ogólne zasady
prowadzenia działań ratowniczych oraz kompetencje poszczególnych służb biorących udział
w takich zdarzeniach. Przedstawiono możliwości likwidacji skutków tego typu zdarzeń przez
Państwową Straż Pożarną.
SPRAWOZDANIE SEKCJI RATOWNICTWA MEDYCZNEGO
Authors: Kołodziej Krzysztof , Łokietek Ksawery , Miotk Andrzej
Published: November 2021

Sekcja Ratownictwa Medycznego została założona z inicjatywy studentów SP-PC 11
oraz st. kpt. mgr inż. Kariny Jarosławskiej-Kolman. Sekcja rozpoczęła oficjalnie swoją
działalność 4 marca 2015 r., jednak pierwsze działania studentów były podejmowane
już w 2013 r. Sekcja funkcjonuje na Wydziale Inżynierii Bezpieczeństwa i Ochrony
Ludności przy Katedrze Działań Ratowniczych.
Extended Audit Reporting. An insight from the auditing profession in Poland
Authors: Dobija Dorota , Cieślak Iwona , Iwuć Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

The audit-reporting model has been on the agenda of researchers and regulators for a long time. The recent regulatory proposals, consultation papers, discussion and research reports on audit reporting have intensified the discussion regarding whether the current standard audit report communicates the appropri-ate information to the users of the report. The Polish auditing model is an interesting case to study in the context of audit reporting. Poland already has experience in the preparation of an additional report, which is aimed at providing more information to all stakeholders. The paper seeks to address two questions. The first one is to what extent the Polish extended audit re-port contributes to the reduction of the expectation and information gaps, and the second question is about the possibilities of improvements of the audit report in general. Based on our interview findings, we conclude that the auditors perceive the audit report to be general-ly useful for its users. However, analysis of the data provides mixed evidence with regard to the extended audit report. Auditors acknowledge the usefulness of the extended audit report to report on additional issues and concerns but, at the same time, the standard form of the extended audit report as prescribed in the Polish Auditing Standards is found to have little information value to its users.
Impact of economic crisis on earnings management in European listed companies
Authors: Grabiński Konrad
Published: November 2021

The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of global economic crisis 2007–2009 on earnings man-agement in European listed companies. In the first section concepts of economic and financial crisis are explained from the perspective of economic theory. Then the concept of earnings management is present-ed. Hypothesis development constitutes the third part of the paper. The main hypothesis postulates that macroeconomic conditions of crisis restrain earnings management. The next section explains the meth-odology of empirical study. Using adapted Dechow model, earnings management is measured in more than 36 thousand firm-level observations from 27 European countries. Then using panel regression with fixed effects the magnitude of earnings management is investigated from the perspective of crisis and non-crisis period. The last section presents results of the study, which provide evidence that during the crisis period earnings management is curbed. Additionally, the analysis shows that macroeconomic con-ditions associated with economic crisis like GDP drop rates and increase of unemployment affect differ-ently the magnitude of earnings management.
Lehrende als Gatekeeper für externe Förderprogramme im Bildungssystem Eine Analyse von Fremdselektionsprozessen bei der Schülerauswahl anhand einer Bil- dungsintervention
Authors: Erdmann Melinda , Helbig Marcel , Stuth Stefan
Published: November 2021

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmalig den Prozess der Fremdselektion durch Lehrende bei der Auswahl von Schüler/innen für Bildungsinterventionen, die das Ziel haben, soziale Ungleichheit beim Übergang zur Hochschule zu reduzieren. Hierfür wird die Frage diskutiert, inwieweit den Zielen entsprechend Schüler/innen ohne akademischen Hintergrund Zugang zu einer spezifischen Bildungsintervention erhalten. Mittels einer teils explorativen Studie wird untersucht, inwiefern sich die von den Lehrenden für ein Programm ausgewählten Schüler/innen von den nicht ausgewählten Schüler/innen unterscheiden. Dazu werden mithilfe von Entscheidungsbaumanalysen Daten von 1129 Schüler/innen der Sekundarstufe II in 28 Schulen (darunter 23 Gymnasien und 5 Gesamtschulen) betrachtet. Entgegen der Zielstellung der untersuchten Bildungsintervention war der Bildungshintergrund der Eltern kein bedeutendes Differenzierungsmerkmal. So zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass an Gymnasien die schulische Leistung und an Gesamtschulen die schulische Motivation die wichtigsten Indikatoren für die Auswahl durch die Lehrenden sind. Random-Forest-Analysen weisen dennoch daraufhin, dass sich die vorgegebenen Nominierungskriterien zum größten Teil auch bei den Differenzierungsmerkmalen der Schüler/innen wiederfinden. Zudem stellen soziales, kulturelles und ökonomisches Kapital der Eltern relevante Differenzierungsmerkmale dar. Am Ende des Beitrags werden die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Forschungslandschaft zur Wirkungsmessung von Bildungsinterventionen kurz diskutiert.
Drawing the Line – Turning Social Practices of Smartphone Use Into (In)formal Rules and Regulations
Authors: Rademacher Ute , Weber Ulrike , Zinn Cassandra Tyana
Published: November 2021

Today's workplace is strongly influenced by digital information and communication technologies (ICT). Remote work raises new demands regarding employees’ availability as well as work engagement and requires new rules. However, how social practices regulate smartphone use in organisations has seldom been investigated. This paper explores the use of smartphone technology in organisations and how to implement formal rules. The analysis of 12 qualitative in-depth interviews with employees in a profit-oriented and a public service organisation confirms and enriches the types of usage as suggested by Orlikowski’s work on information technologies in organisations. In addition, we suggest reframing the non-enactment of smartphone technology as a constructive practice of ensuring productivity and employee well-being instead of being caused by a lack of technical know-how, or fear of losing power. In addition, three different types of practices for formally governing work-related smartphone use in new work arrangements have been identified: a) formalising the implicit communication etiquette, b) designing rules for specific organisational contexts and c) making use of technical resources. From a practical point of view, we recommend managers introduce a participatory process to design a formal policy that builds on established social practices.
A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on MnO2/Sepiolite Nanocomposite for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Serum Samples
Authors: Hosseinifar AbduRahman , Ghanei-Motlagh Masoud , Fayazi Maryam
Published: November 2021

Background: The reliable and easy-to-operate detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has attracted extensive attention in the fields of biomedicine, food security, and environmental analysis. Objectives: In this work, a novel electrochemical method was proposed for H2O2 monitoring using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with MnO2/sepiolite nanocomposite. Methods: MnO2/sepiolite material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The modified CPE was employed for the amperometric monitoring of H2O2 in human serum samples. Results: Electrochemical data showed that the MnO2/sepiolite-CPE displays a high peak current towards H2O2 oxidation. A linear range from 5 to 700 μM and a low detection limit of 0.8 μM for H2O2 were obtained with the proposed sensor. Besides, the electrode depicted excellent reproducibility and anti-interferant ability, promising the applicability of this electrochemical method in practical analyses. Conclusions: This work introduced a new and effective enzyme-less H2O2 sensor based on the MnO2/sepiolite nanocomposite modified CPE. The suggested sensor showed good sensitivity for the rapid detection of H2O2 in a wide linear range with a low detection limit and satisfactory reproducibility, which made it practical for the analysis of hydrogen H2O2 in real samples.
Unusual Anastomotic Failure in Patients with COVID-19: A Case Report of 2 Patients
Authors: Zeinalpour Adel , Abbasi Maryam , Shams Faezeh , Gholizadeh Barmak
Published: November 2021

Introduction: A newly appeared challenge for the healthcare system is the variety of clinical symptoms of COVID-19. In this research, we report 2 cases admitted to Modarres Hospital with unusual postoperative anastomotic failure. Case Presentation: In a 72-year-old man with a perforated peptic ulcer in D2 and signs of leakage after the first operation and during the second operation due to massive unexpected hemorrhage, we found fully disrupted anastomosis on the second part of the duodenum. Accordingly, the suture ligature of the bleeding ulcer with the closure of the duodenal stump and loop gastrojejunostomy and tube duodenostomy were performed. During the postoperative period, he developed dyspnea, and the diagnostic test of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed him as a case of COVID-19. Unfortunately, 1 week after the second surgery, evidence of anastomotic leakage appeared again by bile discharge from drains; although it was managed conservatively, he died because of respiratory failure. In another case, a 65-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency ward with closed-loop small bowel obstruction. After emergency laparotomy, resection of ischemic bowel with primary anastomosis was performed. The same as the previous case, she developed dyspnea, and the diagnostic test resulted positive for COVID-19. After 2 weeks, she was admitted to the hospital with signs of anastomotic leakage that was subsequently confirmed by abdominal computed tomography (CT); although it was managed conservatively, she died because of respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Conclusions: These cases were unique in that intestinal microangiopathies can cause very severe problems, weaken the body, and eventually death, as we have seen in these 2 cases.
The Brief Review on Telemedicine: New Dream in Developing Countries
Authors: Farzin Haleh , Sakha Hanieh , Eslahi Reza
Published: November 2021

: In the new modern world, technology has a remarkable role in human life and affects all aspects of it. Indeed, the need for rapid counteractions, especially in medical requirements, can lead to interesting innovations. Telemedicine was disregarded for being an unwieldy, unreliable, and unaffordable technology. Rapidly evolving telecommunications and information technologies have provided a solid foundation for telemedicine as a feasible, dependable, and useful technology. Telemedicine has been conceived as an integrated system of healthcare delivery that employs telecommunications and computer technology as a substitute for face-to-face contact between provider and client. It has the potential for ameliorating seemingly intractable problems in healthcare such as limited access to care among segments in the population, especially the geographically disadvantaged, uneven quality of care, and cost of inflation. Its true merit has yet to be determined by systematic empirical studies. In another survey, the authors defined telemedicine as a branch of e-health, which works by communication networks and delivers healthcare and medical educations from remote locations. The main aim of telemedicine is to overcome the improper distribution of human and fundamental resources. Telemedicine could be considered from the viewpoint of two basic conditions: (1) as an alternative way for emergency services in remote locations and (2) it is a better option rather than conventional health services; for example, teleradiology for rural hospitals. It can result in appropriate availability of health services and acceptable efficiency. However, this aspect of medicine was considered in the late 1990, and then, developing countries have a long way for research about it.
Respiratory Failure Following Interscalene Block for the Treatment of Shoulder Dislocation in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Mousavi Elham , Mohseni Masood
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Guidelines recommend the use of regional anesthesia for patients with COVID-19, when possible. Interscalene block (ISB) is the standard care for analgesia of shoulder surgery. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis due to phrenic nerve block is expected in ISB but is usually well-compensated. We present a patient with pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 candidate for the surgery of shoulder dislocation under ISB who experienced respiratory failure after the block. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old female patient with COVID-19 developed a shoulder dislocation following a seizure. Relocating the joint was successfully attempted under intravenous sedation and ultrasound-guided ISB. The patient developed respiratory distress due to hemidiaphragmatic paresis after the block. She was managed using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask for 48 hours until the pulmonary condition improved. Conclusions: Anesthetists should prepare themselves to replace ISB with diaphragm-sparing blocks or apply techniques to reduce the chance of hemidiaphragmatic paresis after ISB in patients with COVID-19.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Internal Acoustic Canal Anatomy and Loops of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Using 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bayav Murat , Sahin Murat
Published: November 2021

Background: Anatomical variations in vascular structures are frequently encountered. In the cerebellopontine region, anatomical variations, especially variations in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in relation to cranial nerves passing through the internal acoustic canal (IAC), are common. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed information for the evaluation of the cerebellopontine region and the IAC anatomy. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the IAC anatomy and AICA loop variations and to investigate the frequency of anatomical variations and its correlation with demographic variables. Patients and Methods: In this study, 253 patients (age > 18 years), who underwent 3-Tesla MRI of the temporal bone between July 2019 and December 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. The exclusion criteria were images of poor diagnostic quality due to technical or patient-related reasons and the presence of a localized tumor that could disrupt the IAC. Four patients were excluded from the study because they had tumors related to IAC. The AICA variations were categorized according to the Chavda classification. The IAC size, canal diameter, canal length, and meatus width were measured, and the canals were characterized as cylindrical, funnel-shaped, and bud-shaped. Results: A total of 249 patients were included in this study. The Chavda type I vascular loop was the most common type on both sides. The mean size measurements of IACs were significantly higher in the group of vascular loops compared to the group without vascular loops. The presence of a vascular loop was significantly more common in funnel- and bud-shaped IACs compared to cylindrical IAC. Also, there was a negative correlation between the patient’s age and all IAC dimensions. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the AICA loop variations were closely related to the size and shape of the IAC.
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran
Authors: Zarghami Moghaddam Parastoo , Azimian Amir , Akhavan Sepahy Abbas , Iranbakhsh Alireza
Published: November 2021

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is one of the major concerns about the various staphylococcal infections. Vancomycin is one the most important effective antibiotics on staphylococcal lethal infections. To date, vancomycin-resistant strains are increasingly isolated in different parts of the world, and it is alerting. Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates in the main tertiary hospital of Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples in Imam Reza Hospital of Bojnurd. After identification of isolates through using conventional methods, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods to determine resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. We also performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB genes. After confirmation of vancomycin resistance, genetic analysis was performed using SCCmec, agr, and spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods on VRSA isolates. Results: We found four vancomycin-resistant isolates (1.29%). Also, 75% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. Using the PCR method, mecA was found in 73%, mecC in 0.64%, and vanA in 1.29% of isolates. Interestingly, we found two mecC positive isolates in MRSA isolates. The alpha-hemolysin (81.81%) and enterotoxin C (27%) had the highest and lowest toxins percentage, respectively. Among mecA positive isolates, SCCmec IV (37%), SCCmec III (31.27%), SCCmec I (14%), SCCmec II (11%), and SCCmec V (5.7%) were the most prevalent SCCmec types, respectively. It should be noted that the two mecC positive isolates belonged to SCCmec XI. Agr I (76.29%) was the highest agr type. We recognized t037 as the dominant spa type, and ST239, ST6, ST97, and ST8 were found in VRSA isolates. Conclusions: In our study, the frequency of mecA genes in MRSA isolates was very high. It seems that the resistant isolates belonged to endemic clones of Iran.
Changing Preferences for Scientific Meetings Platform Among Doctors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Wadwekar Bhagwati , Murugan Magi , Ravichandarn Kandasamy
Published: November 2021

Background: The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID‑19 as a global pandemic in early 2020. Lockdown was declared by the Indian government across the country. No recommendations were laid down for academic scientific meetings. Despite precautions, there is a high risk of infections in the physical meetings. Therefore, the scientific community resorted to virtual meetings. Objectives: This study was done to determine the doctor's preferred platform for scientific meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional survey among doctors using Google forms. It consisted of a questionnaire consisting of 17 validated questions related to the preference of scientific meetings. Results: We had 314 responses from doctors. The virtual meeting was preferred by 154 (49%) doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Convenience (103, 44.2%) was the most important reason for preferring virtual meetings. We did not find a statistical association in preference for the type of meeting with age, gender, and seniority during the pandemic. However, a significantly higher number of doctors practicing super-specialty (P = 0.005) and private practitioners (P = 0.027) preferred virtual meetings. All age groups preferred physical meetings in the future, but it was preferred to large extent by doctors aged more than 50 years (P = 0.059) with broad specialty (P = 0.005) and medical college doctors (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Most doctors preferred virtual meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The super-specialist and private practitioners preferred virtual meetings during the pandemic and even in the future. Hence, the virtual platform should stay along with physical scientific meetings.
Effect of Self-care Training on Upper Limb Function and Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Noura Somayyeh , Kiani Fatemeh , Moulaei Nezarali , Tasbandi Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Tabas Ebrahim
Published: November 2021

Background: Breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy encounter numerous problems, the most annoying of which is lymphedema followed by pain and decreased function in the affected limb. Objectives: This study examined the effect of self-care training on upper limb function and pain after breast surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on two groups of 60 patients with breast cancer in the Oncology Ward of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria and through convenience sampling and were then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The patients in the intervention group attended self-care training and exercise programs implemented in five sessions in addition to the routine care. One and three months after the intervention, upper limb function and pain were measured with DASH and McGill pain questionnaires. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test were used to compare the pre-, and post-intervention mean scores and mean differences in the two groups. Results: The mean scores of upper limb function one and three months after the training program in the intervention group were lower than the mean scores of the control group. In other words, the quality of upper limb function was not significantly different despite the changes in the first month, but upper limb function significantly improved three months after the intervention (P < 0.001 vs. P = 0.06). The mean pain scores before, one month, and three months after the intervention in the intervention group were 10.4, 35.7, and 6.26, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 10.8, 41.7, and 21.1, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups, with the intervention group having lower pain scores than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Since lymphedema and its consequences, including decreased upper limb function and pain, are very serious issues, medical staff can give priority to this training program and implement it to prevent and control these complications.
Description of three new species of frog–biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from the Central Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Feijó Almeida Jessica , Maria Picelli Amanda , Costa Ramires Adriane , Matos Belchior Heliana Christy , Marialva Eric Fabrício , Monteiro Moreira Lima Hannah Inêz , Ríos-Velásquez Claudia María , Costa Pessoa Felipe Arley
Published: November 2021

Three species of Corethrella Coquillett, 1902 from the state of Amazonas, Brazil are described as new to science based on female adult specimens. Corethrella cabocla Feijó, Belchior, Marialva & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses four large setae on the frons between the ventromedial area of ommatidia, a wide clypeus with 1–4 setae, a wing with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M2 and with a midlength band, and with the abdomen entirely dark brown. Corethrella ielemdei Feijó, Ramires, Lima & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses an elongated coronal suture, four large setae on the frons between the ventromedial area of ommatidia, a clypeus squarish with 42–43 setae, a wing with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M1 and with a midlength band and dark scales on the basal and subbasal areas of the anterior margin, legs with dark scales, and with the abdomen entirely dark brown. Corethrella menini Feijó, Picelli, Ríos-Velásquez & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses wings with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M2 and a midlength band, with darker basal scales along all veins, basal band dark scales on C, Sc, R, M, and Cu and the abdomen entirely dark brown. With the addition of the new species, the numbers of frog-biting midges described in the Amazon basin, Brazil and in Neotropical region are now 31, 49 and 80 species, respectively.
ENTRE DOIS GIGANTES: MELODRAMA E RELIGIÃO EM TELENOVELAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Meigre Marcos , Rocha Simone Maria
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta um debate sobre os entrecruzamentos do imaginário melodramático e do imaginário religioso para a construção das chamadas telenovelas espíritas. Partindo da experiência de modernidade latina, com suas próprias nuances secularizantes, o texto se sustenta metodologicamente na televisualidade e na aplicação do estilo televisivo como parâmetro procedimental. Com base nas telenovelas A Viagem, Alma Gêmea e Além do Tempo, o artigo identifica que as marcas estilísticas empregadas nas tramas ressignificam os sentidos da morte para atender a estas duas grandiosas matrizes que formatam a cosmovisão latina: melodrama e religião.
RESPOSTAS DO CAMPO PUBLICITÁRIO ÀS PRÁTICAS DE CONTESTAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO
Authors: Brum Enéias , Piedras Elisa Reinhardt
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem objetivo de explorar repercussões de práticas de contestação ao campo publicitário no contexto mercadológico (agências e anunciantes) e no cenário regulador (Conselho de Autorregulamentação Publicitária - CONAR). A discussão teórica aborda a publicidade como campo articulado ao mundo social e às práticas cotidianas dos sujeitos, entre elas, as práticas de contestação. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa com recursos complementares de quantificação e envolve a técnica de análise documental sobre dados relativos ao contexto brasileiro no período 2011-2019, disponíveis em portais de notícias especializadas em comunicação e no site do CONAR. Os resultados apontam manifestações reativas e empáticas por parte de anunciantes e de agências de publicidade; bem como as ações de sustações, alterações, advertências e arquivamento promovidas pelo CONAR.
NOSFERATO NO BRASIL (1971): VAMPIRO POP NO CINEMA BRASILEIRO
Authors: Cánepa Laura Loguercio
Published: November 2021

Este texto deseja investigar o esconderijo dos vampiros na ficção cinematográfica brasileira. Queremos sugerir que esses monstros importados, após enfrentarem desafios em sua aclimatação ao cinema nacional, acabaram encontrando o abrigo para sua eterna e sanguinária existência no mais frágil dos meios audiovisuais: o Super-8. O foco de nossa análise será o filme Nosferato no Brasil (Ivan Cardoso, 1971), uma das obras mais conhecidas do ciclo superoitista brasileiro dos anos 1970. Pretendemos descrever como o personagem-título desse filme foi criado a partir de um repertório que inclui diversas referências à cultura pop dos anos 1950 e 1960, o que fez dele, talvez, o único vampiro poderoso do cinema brasileiro.
Micro-planning an integrative approach in Serbian language teaching
Authors: Stakić Mirjana
Published: November 2021

The basic concept of this paper is derived from the view that the openness and complex structure of the literary text provide an opportunity for achieving interdisciplinary integration. However, the implementation of interdisciplinary integration requires good planning. For this reason, the paper presents an innovative model for planning an integrative approach in Serbian language teaching. Specifically, it depicts micro-planning for the integrative approach to the children's book Bosonogi i nebo (A Barefoot Boy and the Sky) by Branislav Crnčević in the fourth grade of primary school that allows the Serbian Language and Literature course to be integrated with the following courses within a single school period: Math, Science & Social Studies, Civic Education, Art Education and Music Education. The presented micro-plan encompasses concretized outcomes of all previously mentioned courses, as well as planned activities that contribute to their implementation. Given that the integrative approach is insufficiently represented in teaching practice, one of the basic implications of this paper is to highlight the need for implementation and evaluation of this (and similar) models in teaching practice.
Influence of massmedia on the Covid 19 virus pandemic
Authors: Ševo Bojan
Published: November 2021

Epidemics throughout human history have been an integral part of the struggle of man with the negative impact of the environment, but also a factor that changed the course of development of civilization. The consequences were far-reaching, but with the progress of society and science as a whole and the gradual creation of immunity, the effect of epidemics was less and less threatening to the survival of the human species. The complexity of human society in the conditions of a pandemic necessarily violates traditional values and relations between individuals, social and political groups. The devastating impact caused by the pandemic was used by political groups and individuals to achieve personal goals, but their own prejudices, abusing the mass media. With the mass appearance of misinformation (infodemia), the fight against the suppression of the pandemic is directly endangered, but also the confusion that has gripped the population. The social and political problems we faced before the pandemic now await us in their extreme form, because the resources to solve them are almost exhausted.
The effect of university students’ COVID-19 stress on smartphone addiction: The mediating effects of self-regulation
Authors: Choi Ara
Published: November 2021

This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 stress, self-regulation, and smartphone addiction among university students. It also assessed whether self-regulation mediates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The participants comprised 346 students enrolled in G city university. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS to generate descriptive statistics, perform a correlation analysis, and create a structural equation model. The main findings were as follows. First, COVID-19 stress had a negative correlation with self-regulation, but a positive correlation with smartphone addiction. A negative correlation was observed between self-regulation ability and smartphone addiction. Secondly, self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and smartphone addiction. The results will inform educational and counseling interventions aimed at preventing smartphone addiction among university students living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Art in the Age of Machine Learning
Authors: Audry Sofian
Published: November 2021

An examination of machine learning art and its practice in new media art and music.

Over the past decade, an artistic movement has emerged that draws on machine learning as both inspiration and medium. In this book, transdisciplinary artist-researcher Sofian Audry examines artistic practices at the intersection of machine learning and new media art, providing conceptual tools and historical perspectives for new media artists, musicians, composers, writers, curators, and theorists. Audry looks at works from a broad range of practices, including new media installation, robotic art, visual art, electronic music and sound, and electronic literature, connecting machine learning art to such earlier artistic practices as cybernetics art, artificial life art, and evolutionary art.

Machine learning underlies computational systems that are biologically inspired, statistically driven, agent-based networked entities that program themselves. Audry explains the fundamental design of machine learning algorithmic structures in terms accessible to the nonspecialist while framing these technologies within larger historical and conceptual spaces. Audry debunks myths about machine learning art, including the ideas that machine learning can create art without artists and that machine learning will soon bring about superhuman intelligence and creativity. Audry considers learning procedures, describing how artists hijack the training process by playing with evaluative functions; discusses trainable machines and models, explaining how different types of machine learning systems enable different kinds of artistic practices; and reviews the role of data in machine learning art, showing how artists use data as a raw material to steer learning systems and arguing that machine learning allows for novel forms of algorithmic remixes.
BRAFV600E induces reversible mitotic arrest in human melanocytes via microRNA-mediated suppression of AURKB
Authors: McNeal Andrew S , Belote Rachel L , Zeng Hanlin , Urquijo Marcus , Barker Kendra , Torres Rodrigo , Curtin Meghan , Shain A Hunter , Andtbacka Robert HI , Holmen Sheri , Lum David H , McCalmont Timothy H , VanBrocklin Matt W , Grossman Douglas , Wei Maria L , Lang Ursula E , Judson-Torres Robert L
Published: November 2021

Benign melanocytic nevi frequently emerge when an acquired BRAFV600E mutation triggers unchecked proliferation and subsequent arrest in melanocytes. Recent observations have challenged the role of oncogene-induced senescence in melanocytic nevus formation, necessitating investigations into alternative mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of proliferation arrest in nevi. We compared the transcriptomes of melanocytes from healthy human skin, nevi, and melanomas arising from nevi and identified a set of microRNAs as highly expressed nevus-enriched transcripts. Two of these microRNAs—MIR211-5p and MIR328-3p—induced mitotic failure, genome duplication, and proliferation arrest in human melanocytes through convergent targeting of AURKB. We demonstrate that BRAFV600E induces a similar proliferation arrest in primary human melanocytes that is both reversible and conditional. Specifically, BRAFV600E expression stimulates either arrest or proliferation depending on the differentiation state of the melanocyte. We report genome duplication in human melanocytic nevi, reciprocal expression of AURKB and microRNAs in nevi and melanomas, and rescue of arrested human nevus cells with AURKB expression. Taken together, our data describe an alternative molecular mechanism for melanocytic nevus formation that is congruent with both experimental and clinical observations.
Ovipositor and mouthparts in a fossil insect support a novel ecological role for early orthopterans in 300 million years old forests
Authors: Chen Lu , Gu Jun-Jie , Yang Qiang , Ren Dong , Blanke Alexander , Béthoux Olivier
Published: November 2021

A high portion of the earliest known insect fauna is composed of the so-called ‘lobeattid insects’, whose systematic affinities and role as foliage feeders remain debated. We investigated hundreds of samples of a new lobeattid species from the Xiaheyan locality using a combination of photographic techniques, including reflectance transforming imaging, geometric morphometrics, and biomechanics to document its morphology, and infer its phylogenetic position and ecological role.Ctenoptilus frequenssp. nov. possessed a sword-shaped ovipositor with valves interlocked by two ball-and-socket mechanisms, lacked jumping hind-legs, and certain wing venation features. This combination of characters unambiguously supports lobeattids as stem relatives of all living Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids). Given the herein presented and other remains, it follows that this group experienced an early diversification and, additionally, occurred in high individual numbers. The ovipositor shape indicates that ground was the preferred substrate for eggs. Visible mouthparts made it possible to assess the efficiency of the mandibular food uptake system in comparison to a wide array of extant species. The new species was likely omnivorous which explains the paucity of external damage on contemporaneous plant foliage.
High-resolution structures of the actomyosin-V complex in three nucleotide states provide insights into the force generation mechanism
Authors: Pospich Sabrina , Sweeney H Lee , Houdusse Anne , Raunser Stefan
Published: November 2021

The molecular motor myosin undergoes a series of major structural transitions during its force-producing motor cycle. The underlying mechanism and its coupling to ATP hydrolysis and actin binding are only partially understood, mostly due to sparse structural data on actin-bound states of myosin. Here, we report 26 high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the actomyosin-V complex in the strong-ADP, rigor, and a previously unseen post-rigor transition state that binds the ATP analog AppNHp. The structures reveal a high flexibility of myosin in each state and provide valuable insights into the structural transitions of myosin-V upon ADP release and binding of AppNHp, as well as the actomyosin interface. In addition, they show how myosin is able to specifically alter the structure of F-actin.
Workplace violence against frontline clinicians in emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Yue , An Ying , Zhang Ling , An Feng-Rong , Luo Jia , Wang Aiping , Zhao Yan-Jie , Yuan Anzhe , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Qin Ming-Zhao , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: November 2021

Background

Frontline clinicians working in emergency departments (ED) were at disportionate risk of workplace violence (WPV). We investigated the prevalence of WPV and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in this group of health professionals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional, online study was conducted. The nine-item Workplace Violence Scale measured WPV.

Results

A total of 1,103 ED clinicians participated in this study. The overall prevalence of WPV against ED clinicians was 29.2% (95% CI [26.5%-31.9%]). Having family/friends/colleagues infected with COVID-19 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82,P= 0.01), current smoking (OR = 2.98,P< 0.01) and severity of anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.08,P< 0.01) were independently and positively associated with WPV, while working in emergency intensive care units (OR = 0.45,P< 0.01) was negatively associated with WPV. After controlling for covariates, clinicians experiencing WPV had a lower global QOL compared to those without (F(1, 1103)= 10.9,P< 0.01).

Conclusions

Prevalence of workplace violence against ED clinicians was common in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the negative impact of WPV on QOL and quality of care, timely preventive measures should be undertaken for ED clinicians.
Measles Virus
Authors: Rima Bertus K , Duprex W Paul
Published: November 2021

Measles virus
(MV) is responsible for a childhood infection characterised by a maculopapular rash, dry cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and photophobia. Although mild in developed countries, the infection is associated with significant morbidity in developing countries and still kills more than 140 000 children per annum even though it is a vaccine‐preventable disease. The virus‐replication cycle is well understood, and the molecular description of the virus has progressed to a stage where the main emphasis of research has reverted towards understanding the pathogenesis and molecular basis of virus attenuation. Such knowledge will assist in the development of new vaccines and serve to increase our understanding of epidemiology and transmission. Our ability to make recombinant viruses that express autofluorescent proteins from additional transcription units within the genome has created a paradigm shift in changing our view of MV from simply a ‘respiratory infection’‐causing agent to one that affects the immune system in a serious and potentially dangerous manner. Identification of the early target cells as alveolar macrophages and/or dendritic cells in the deep lung alongside understanding the early events in viral pathogenesis helps shed light on how this highly infectious agent establishes such a profoundly immunosuppressive disease in the host.

Key Concepts

Measles is a relatively simple enveloped, negative‐sensed RNA virus which contains only six genes.

Measles virus is a highly infectious agent, which causes a profound immunosuppression and a severe disease in susceptible individuals.

The molecular basis of the immunosuppression is unknown.

A highly efficacious vaccine has been developed, although the molecular basis of the attenuation remains an enigma.

It is essential to vaccinate 95% of the birth cohort as the virus is so infectious, and when vaccine uptake levels decrease in disease‐free regions importations from endemic parts of the world often occur. Vaccination refusal is a major factor in recurrent outbreaks in the developed world.

The vaccine is exceptionally thermolabile, and this is challenging for those involved in delivering the product to remote areas of the developing world and in areas where conflict is rife.

Recombinant measles viruses have helped to define the early steps in the establishment of an infection.

Measles has been considered for eradication although the potential for cross‐species infection by other morbilliviruses is considered a reason for continuing to administer measles vaccine even after eradication due to the cross‐protective morbillivirus antibodies which it elicits against the threat of zoonoses by the other morbilliviruses.
Statistics of Brexit
Authors: Farrugia David
Published: November 2021

The Brexit events have caused a great deal of volatility on the GBP/EUR forex index and other financial markets. We examine the performance of the GBP/EUR exchange using various statistical methodologies and carry out an investment risk analysis on this exchange. We also assess the association of UK trading data and the GBP strength. The results show significant effects by Brexit on the forex index and the GBP. Further, we show that all major cryptocurrencies experienced a significant positive effect from most Brexit events.
Nested Group Testing Procedures for Screening
Authors: Malinovsky Yaakov , Albert Paul S.
Published: November 2021

This article reviews a class of adaptive group testing procedures that operate under a probabilistic model assumption as follows. Consider a set of items, where item has the probability ( in the generalized group testing) to be defective, and the probability to be nondefective independent of the other items. A group test applied to any subset of size is a binary test with two possible outcomes, positive or negative. The outcome is negative if all items are nondefective, whereas the outcome is positive if at least one item among the items is defective. The goal is complete identification of all items with the minimum expected number of tests.