bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph Feature Fusion‐Driven Fault Diagnosis of Complex Process Industrial System Based on Multivariate Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Zhang Fengyuan , Liu Jie , Lu Xiang , Li Tao , Li Yi , Sheng Yongji , Wang Hu , Liu Yingwei
Published: March 2024

The stable operation of the process industrial system, which is integrated with various complex equipment, is the premise of production, which requires the condition monitoring and diagnosis of the system. Recently, the continuous development of deep learning (DL) has promoted the research of intelligent diagnosis in process industry systems, and the sensor system layout has provided sufficient data foundation for this task. However, these DL‐driven approaches have had some shortcomings: (1) the output signals of heterogeneous sensing systems existing in process industry systems are often high‐dimensional coupled and (2) the fault diagnosis model built from pure data lacks systematic process knowledge, resulting in inaccurate fitting. To solve these problems, a graph feature fusion‐driven fault diagnosis of complex process industry systems is proposed in this paper. First, according to the system’s prior knowledge and data characteristics, the original multisource heterogeneous data are divided into two categories. On this basis, the two kinds of data are converted to physical space graphs (PSG) and process knowledge graphs (PKG), respectively, according to the physical space layout and reaction mechanism of the system. Second, the node features and system spatial features of the subgraphs are extracted by the graph convolutional neural network at the same time, and the fault representation information of the subgraph is mined. Finally, the attention mechanism is used to fuse the learned subgraph features getting the global‐graph representation for fault diagnosis. Two publicly available process chemistry datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Current Status of Stroke Thrombolysis in the Mission Thrombectomy 2020+ Caribbean Region
Authors: Gordon Perue Gillian , Segura Esmeralda , Crandon Domini , Gayle Francene , Charles Jude , Joseph Nycole , Saint Croix Garly , Then Ryna , Inoa Violiza ,   MT2020+ Caribbean Investigators
Published: March 2024

Background

Low‐ to middle‐income countries have limited access to thrombolytic therapy. To our knowledge, there is no validated tool available to objectively measure access to thrombolytic agents or barriers to routine clinical use.

Methods

We developed the 17‐item tissue plasminogen activator Spot Check tool to assess usage of acute stroke thrombolysis regarding local experience, financial constraints, and perceived barriers to care; evaluating the current state of clinical practices in the Mission Thrombectomy 2020+ Caribbean region. The survey was disseminated via an online link, and the information was collected and analyzed via SPSS.

Results

The tool was validated by 3 international experts with an Average Content Validity Index of 1 and a Universal Agreement Index of 1 across 3 domains: local experience, financial constraints, and barriers to usage. The participant survey response rate was 64%, representing 15 of 44 Mission Thrombectomy 2020+ Caribbean countries. There was limited or no access to thrombolytic agents in 40% of countries surveyed. Among cases treated with thrombolytics, 43% of patients had to pay out of pocket before treatment was provided, and l<10% were covered by insurance/government. Among 51% of countries surveyed, no acute thrombolytic treatment was provided for acute stroke in the 2021 calendar year. Only 1 center treated >100 cases per year. Most respondents (88%) agreed there were barriers to acute stroke thrombolysis in the region. The tissue plasminogen activator Spot Check tool was able to identify barriers impacting the number of cases per year, including absence of stroke protocol (
P
<0.001), upfront cost of alteplase (
P
= 0.003), restricted the amount of thrombolytics (
P
= 0.002), neurology intensive care unit or stroke unit monitoring of patients following thrombolytics (
P
= 0.017), cost of thrombolytic agents to the hospital (
P
= 0.042), and access to computed tomography scan (
P
= 0.03).

Conclusion

This survey brings light to an enormous disparity in the care of stroke patients around the world, specifically in the Mission Thrombectomy 2020+ Caribbean region.
Door to Puncture in Large Vessel Occlusions Pre‐ and Postimplementation of an Automated Image Interpretation and Communication Platform: A Single Center Study
Authors: Frost Emma , Penckofer Mary , Zhang Linda , Sprankle Kenyon , Vigilante Nicholas , Elgendy Omnea , Ackerman Jiyoun , Kalladanthyil Abyson , Koneru Manisha , Yi Zixin , Khalife Jane , Hester Taryn , Schumacher Hermann Christian , Bonner James , Love Christopher J. , Siegler James E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence platforms, like Viz.ai with large vessel occlusion detection, have been used for disease detection and interprovider communication. Whether this software expedites patient transfer and evaluation for treatment needs further exploration.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective registry was queried for patients with acute large vessel occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid, middle cerebral M1 or M2 segments, or basilar artery treated in a comprehensive stroke network (8 spokes, 1 hub) for 6 months pre‐ and post‐implementation of the Viz large vessel occlusion platform (excluding a 1‐month “washout” period). Robust regression was used to summarize time from initial hospital contact to arterial puncture (primary outcome) between periods, with prespecified subgroup analyses, which were assessed using interaction terms.

Results

Of the 132 patients (n = 58 preintervention), there were nonsignificantly fewer patients undergoing endovascular therapy in the postintervention period (86.2% preintervention versus 73.0% postintervention;
P
 = 0.07). Among patients who underwent endovascular therapy (n = 50 preintervention, n = 54 postintervention), there was a nonsignificant reduction in time from first contact to arterial puncture (median 155 minute preintervention versus 116 minute postintervention;
P
 = 0.10); however, this became significant in adjusted robust regression accounting for stroke severity, age, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scale score, daytime versus nighttime and weekend versus weekday arrival, and use of perfusion imaging (β −20.9 [95% CI, −40.5 to −1.4)]. There was also a significant interaction observed for the association between spoke versus hub arrival and the Viz large vessel occlusion period, with shorter intervals observed for transferred patients (n = 32 preintervention with a median of 169 versus 142 minutes for n = 33 postintervention;
P
interaction
<0.01).

Conclusion

Implementation of the artificial intelligence platform was not associated with shorter intervals between initial hospital contact and neurointervention among all‐comers. A meaningful difference in time to treatment was observed among transferred patients. Larger data sets are needed to validate these observations.
Unlocking the Power of Listening
Authors: Maggi Stefania , Pocchi Sebastiano , Bendo Daniella
Published: March 2024

In this paper we situate the act of listening in the context of children’s rights whilst highlighting the benefits of this practice on the psychological and neurological development of children. After unpacking the concept of listening and the role it plays in adult-child communication, we share the results of a scoping review where we examined neuroscientific studies pointing to the benefits of listening and what relevance such evidence has for children’s rights implementation. As such, this paper shows that when adults listen to children in the context of safe, nurturing, and empathic interactions, children draw tangible benefits to many areas of their development. We conclude proposing enhancing adults’ capacity for listening as a strategy to contribute to the fulfillment of the rights of children of all ages.
The Forcible Transfer of Children from Ukraine as Genocide
Authors: Moodrick-Even Khen Hilly
Published: March 2024

On 17 March 2023, Pre-Trial Chamber ii of the International Criminal Court (icc) issued secret warrants of arrest for President Putin and the Commissioner for Children’s Rights in the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Ms. Lvova-Belova, for the commission of the war crime of forcible transfer of children. This article argues that there are “reasonable grounds to believe”, as the icc Statute requires for the arrest warrant stage, that both Putin and Lvova-Belova bear individual criminal responsibility for the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children as a crime of genocide; however, two types of considerations – general and particular – prevented the issuing of arrest warrants for genocide crimes.

In Section 2, after a short historical-legal review of the formulation of Article 2(e) of the Genocide Convention (gc), the article notes that despite the significant number of cases of children being transferred and removed from their families that have taken place since the gc was adopted, the provision has been dormant and considered anachronistic and was rarely applied by an international or a local court. Section 3 proceeds with a legal analysis of the elements of the crime of the forced transfer of children and the genocidal special intent. Section 4 parses the case study of the forcible transfer of children from Ukraine as a crime of genocide. Section 5 analyses the litigation of the crime of genocide in the icc through the only case of genocide the court has addressed so far: the arrest warrant for Sudan’s former president, Omar al-Bashir. Section 6 concludes with a forecast that despite the sufficient legal basis for issuing arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova, practical and political considerations would impede the icc from doing so.
The effect of fire on tree-ring width and tracheid dimensions of Pinus nigra
Authors: Keleş Seray Özden , Ünal Sabri
Published: March 2024

Forest fires play a significant role in the growth and development of trees because they can damage the phloem and cambium. Fire injury induces the formation of fire scars that can cause xylem dysfunction. The study area is located in Taşköprü, Kastamonu (Western Black Sea of Turkiye), where two forest fires occurred in 1957 and 2020. In this study, the effect of the 1957 fire on the tree-ring widths and tracheid dimensions of Pinus nigra trees was investigated. We measured tree-ring widths and tracheid dimensions of fire-scarred (FS) and unscarred (UF) trees during four different periods: the pre-fire period (1947–1956), fire event year (1957), and post–fire periods (1958–1967 and 2011–2020). In this study, UF trees showed almost 2.5–3 times wider tree–ring widths (TRWs) than FS trees. FS and UF trees also showed great variation in tracheid dimensions in the four different periods; the average tracheid diameter (TD), lumen area (TLA), and wall thickness (TWT) values increased significantly in UF trees compared to FS trees during the fire event and post-fire periods. The average TD, TLA, and average tracheid lumen diameter (TLD) decreased during the fire and post-fire years in the FS trees. In this study, we suggest that fire injury significantly affects the tracheid dimensional traits of FS Pinus nigra trees. Our results also suggest that although Pinus nigra trees experienced serious fire damage, they continued to grow but with a decrease in tracheid size.
Cartographies of the Able School
Authors: Infante Marta , Navarro Martín
Published: March 2024

Using a cartographic approach, this article addresses ableism in the Chilean educational system. By analyzing audiovisual production, and specifically, the creation of storyboards, theoretical-methodological tools are provided for mapping desire flows and micro-movements produced in and about the public school toward and against the production of able educational institutions. Thus, the analysis stresses how human and nonhuman materialities mutually affect each other in an educational context. By focusing on the analysis of videos and storyboards, new discursive-material relationships appear in the school, which allow us to recognize and problematize ableist practices, and at the same time, open spaces for new creative approaches to challenge the able school norm.
Governance As a Delicate Balance: On the Concept of Luṭf in Islamic Mirrors for Princes
Authors: Zatari Fadi , Fili Omar
Published: March 2024

This article is concerned with Islamic works on political ethics as a practical guide for competent governance. The article primarily focuses on the concept of luṭf (gentleness) in the works of al-ādāb al-sulṭāniyya (the ethics of government, i.e., Islamic mirrors for princes). The main argument is that Muslim writers of al-ādāb al-sulṭāniyya literature warned rulers against depending on coercive power as the basic mode of governance. Instead, the majority emphasized that the most practical way to govern a state was to practice governance based on a balance between rewards and punishments. Based on their advice, rulers should avoid cruelty in favor of an interdependent political order based on social cooperation between the different classes. The article first explains the concept of luṭf and the importance of avoiding cruelty. Second, the article relates how luṭf operates in the realm of public policy, ruler-people relations, and the responsibility of rulers. Finally, the article highlights how luṭf dictates a functional elite structure based on loyalty and mutual respect. The methodology of this article relies on primary sources, mostly analyzing the presence of luṭf as a concept and the details of governance surrounding the concept. The article seeks to show the intricacies of the state through understanding the concept of luṭf and its relation with practicing politics in a cohesive Muslim social structure.
COVID-19 and Management Scholarship: Lessons for Conducting Impactful Research
Authors: George Gerard , Ertug Gokhan , Bapuji Hari , Doh Jonathan P. , Mair Johanna , Prasad Ajnesh
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for management scholars to address large-scale and complex societal problems and strive for greater practical and policy impact. A brief overview of the most-cited work on COVID-19 reveals that, compared with their counterparts in other disciplines, leading management journals and professional associations lagged in providing a platform for high-impact research on COVID-19. To help management research play a more active role in responding to similar global challenges in the future, we propose an integrative framework that emphasizes a phenomenon’s impact, the conditions that the phenomenon creates at multiple levels, and the responses of actors to such conditions, as well as the dynamic relationships and interactions among these actors. By shifting attention to phenomena and their overall impact, this framework can help scholars better position their work to address large-scale and complex problems and also to assess research for its contribution to generate impact beyond academia.
Mediating Effects of Guilt and Shame on the Helping Behavior of People who Have Witnessed Ostracism
Authors: Tsumura Kenta
Published: March 2024

Social connections are fundamental to human well-being, yet ostracism can lead to mental and physical maladjustment. Ostracized individuals often attempt to reconnect, but their efforts can be hindered by feelings of helplessness and depression. This study examines factors that facilitate helping behavior toward ostracized individuals by third parties who witness the ostracism, that is, the mediating effects of guilt and shame on the effects of witnessing ostracism on subsequent helping behavior. Participants ( n = 161) read scenarios depicting ostracism or inclusion situations and reported their likelihood to engage in helping behaviors and their feelings of guilt and shame after witnessing the events. Results indicated that guilt mediated a positive relationship between witnessing ostracism and subsequent helping behavior, whereas shame mediated a negative relationship. These findings are consistent with existing research on the prosocial motivation of guilt and the avoidance tendencies of shame. The results highlight the complex interplay of emotions in shaping bystander responses to ostracism and shed light on potential interventions to promote inclusive behaviors. By influencing the emotions of bystanders, prosocial actions based on guilt can be encouraged and avoidance based on shame can be discouraged, ultimately promoting a more inclusive society.
A prosodic account of complex predicate acquisition in Mam: A Mayan language
Authors: Pye Clifton
Published: March 2024

The Mayan language Mam uses complex predicates to express events. Complex predicates map multiple semantic elements onto a single word, and consequently have a blend of lexical and phrasal features. The chameleon-like nature of complex predicates provides a window on children’s ability to express phrasal combinations at the one-word stage of language development. The ubiquity of complex predicates in the adult language insures that children will produce complex predicates as some of their first words. The verb complex in Mam has obligatory inflections for aspect, person, and to a degree direction. The inflections vary in degree of attachment between syllable segments, affixes, and clitics. Inflections with vowels are phonologically free, while inflections without vowels attach as either syllable segments or affixes. The Mam verb complex requires the addition of a phrasal layer to prosodic models of lexical acquisition. The paper used this extended version of prosodic theory to make five predictions for the acquisition of the verb complex. The paper analyzes production data for three children between 2;0 and 2;8 acquiring the northern variety of Mam spoken in San Ildefonso Ixtahuacán, Guatemala. The children’s production data for both the intransitive and transitive verb complexes support all five predictions to some degree. The children produced prefixes more frequently on vowel-initial stems than on consonant-initial stems, and they produced imperative suffixes more frequently than prefixes on consonant-initial stems. The children exhibited developmental differences and produced phrasal contractions that the prosodic theory did not predict. The results underline the need to integrate prosody into models of morphosyntactic development, and highlight the significance of complex predicates for theories of language acquisition.
Knowledge Flows Within Chinese Administrative Provinces: The Role of Regional Research Structures
Authors: Liu Jia , Pénin Julien , Rondé Patrick
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the determinants of knowledge flows, proxied by patent citations, within 31 Chinese administrative provinces. Relying on patent data from the US Patent and Trademark Office during the period 1995-2019, we are able to identify 27118 patent citation pairs (focusing only on USPTO patents with first inventors residing in China). In order to explain the number of citations from a Province to another, in addition to geographic and technological proximity, we use factor analysis in order to capture the effect of regional research structure. In particular, we measure the private versus public research intensity of each Chinese administrative province. Our econometric results show that, as expected, geographical and technological distance between Provinces are negatively correlated with patent citations. In addition, we find that Chinese administrative provinces that show bigger intensity with regard to public and to private research both receive more patent citations and cite more other patents in other Provinces. This effect is particularly significant when the two regions are specialized in private research, which indicates a strong effect of cognitive proximity. Finally, and at odds with prior research, we find that controlling for social proximity between Provinces does not impact the effect of geographical and technological proximity. These results, if confirmed by further studies, might have significant policy implications.
The third Ukraine: A case of civic nationalism
Authors: Hrytsak Yaroslav
Published: March 2024

To some extent, the current Russian-Ukrainian may be described as a conflict between two visions of nation, respectively, ethnic and civic models. Putin believes that a language defines a nation. In his understanding, since many Ukrainians are Russian speakers, they are Russians. His perception of Ukraine is anachronistic. He has failed to notice Ukraine's radical transformation since it gained independence. The current Ukrainian identity has a strong civic component. Its core is represented by a new urban middle class with a new set of values. Sustainability of this identity largely depends on longevity and results of the war.
The effectiveness and safety of human urinary kallidinogenase in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Guo Changwei , Yang Jie , Li Jing , Hu Jinrong , Peng Zhouzhou , Guo Meng , Zhang Lingyu , Li Fengli , Yang Qingwu , Zi Wenjie , Wang Pengfei
Published: March 2024

The effectiveness and safety of human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) was unclear. A pooled analysis was performed using individual data from the DEVT and RESCUE BT trials. Patients were divided into two groups based on HUK treatment. The primary outcome was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Safety outcomes included 90-day mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 hours. A total of 1174 patients were included in the study. Of these, 150 (12.8%) patients received HUK. The adjusted common odds ratio (OR) of the mRS score was 1.458 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.072–1.983; p = 0.016) favoring HUK. The incidence of sICH (2.0% vs. 8.6%; adjusted OR: 0.198; 95% CI: 0.061–0.638; p = 0.007) and mortality (11.3% vs.18.5%; adjusted OR: 0.496; 95% CI: 0.286–0.862; p = 0.013) was lower in HUK group than non-HUK group. This association was consistent with propensity score-matching and the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis. In conclusion, HUK was safe and associated with a preferable prognosis in AIS patients due to LVO in the anterior circulation.
Predictors of congenital anomalies among neonates admitted to public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Belama Nano , Desalew Assefa , Lami Magarsa , Keneni Mulualem , Roba Kedir Teji
Published: March 2024

Objective

Over 8 million newborns worldwide have congenital anomalies; 3.2 million have resultant disabilities. Ethiopia has a high burden of neonatal congenital anomalies, but research on predictors is limited. This study investigated predictors of neonatal congenital anomalies in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based unmatched case–control study on 387 mother–infant pairs (129 cases, 258 controls) in public hospitals was conducted. Data were obtained using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a medical record review. Binary logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to identify predictors of congenital anomaly.

Results

Nervous system anomalies were most common 84 (65.1%), followed by gastrointestinal system anomalies 20 (15.5%). Maternal anemia (AOR: 4.37, 95% CI: 2.48–7.69), alcohol consumption during index pregnancy (AOR: 4.01, 95% CI: 1.88–8.54), khat chewing (AOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.04–2.85), rural residence (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04–2.85) and antenatal care attendance (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.84) were significant predictors of congenital anomaly.

Conclusion

Several risk factors for congenital anomalies were identified. To reduce risk, antenatal care services should be improved and mothers encouraged to avoid harmful substances during pregnancy and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Intervention strategies are needed to target these risk factors.
Stability study of the compressible Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model
Authors: Fodor Balázs , Kossa Attila
Published: March 2024

The unstable behavior of the isotropic, compressible Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model is investigated and described. The constitutive equation is parameterized with the help of the ground-state Poisson’s ratio and the dimensionless ratio of the material parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Transverse stretch solutions are obtained for standard homogeneous loading modes, and the stress solutions are computed numerically for the physically permitted range of the ground-state Poisson’s ratio. We introduce a numerical technique to isolate subdomains with non-unique transverse stretch responses. Our analysis revealed some limitations of the model and allowed us to make critical observations about the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The analyses we present are essential to understand the characteristics of this widely used hyperelastic model. The novel results have important implications for the application of the isotropic, compressible Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model.
Two-Stage Allocation Model for Parking Robot Systems Using Cellular Automaton Simulation
Authors: Ni Xun-You , Sun Daniel(Jian) , Zhao Jing , Chen Qian
Published: March 2024

With increasing vehicle ownership and utilization in urban areas, parking robot systems have become a promising tool to cope with both the parking difficulties and hazards in parking lots. With assistance of the parking robot systems, vehicles are not human-operated in parking lots but fetched by a parking robot to the target places. This study starts by depicting the parking robot allocations and movements consisting of empty-loaded and loaded trips as well as picking-up and setting-down operations. Then, with multi-stage processes aiming to minimize the empty-loaded and loaded travel time, respectively, a two-stage allocation model was proposed to assign parking robots to vehicles and allocate the vehicles with target places. Furthermore, a cellular automaton (CA) simulation was introduced and extended with additional priority rules to solve potential travel conflicts occurring in parking lots. Basing on a campus parking lot in Shanghai, China, the flowchart of the CA simulation was proposed to implement and validate the proposed allocation model. The results demonstrate that, compared with the one-stage allocation model, the proposed allocation model has the potential to decrease queue length and waiting time both at parking lot entrances and parking spaces, which may assist in design and operation of future parking lots.
Geographic Information System-Based Comprehensive Shared Micromobility Station Siting Optimization for Small Urban Areas
Authors: DeBruin Hannah , Khani Alireza
Published: March 2024

Shared micromobility travel modes such as dockless e-scooters and bikeshare programs have become increasingly popular in the U.S. in the last decade because of their potential to improve multi-modal accessibility within communities. Smaller urbanized areas with lower population densities and fewer resources for system planning, operation, and maintenance present unique challenges with siting optimal station/service area locations. This research develops a comprehensive geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology for optimizing micromobility stations/service area locations using available and rasterized geospatial data to capture bikeshare demand indicators. Inputs are prioritized by overall importance according to the results of a survey of transportation professionals, with weights calculated by an analytic hierarchy process. These different factors are combined to create a new spatial index value to identify hotspots for candidate station/service area locations, which can be further analyzed to choose optimal locations based on the budgeted quantity of station/service area locations and ideal spacing between stations/service areas. The case study of the methodology is presented on a bikeshare station siting study in Iowa City, Iowa, U.S., using data from the Metropolitan Planning Organization of Johnson County. This research seeks to improve shared micromobility station/service area planning to better orient service to a variety of transportation goals including regular/commuting use, recreational use, equity, first/last mile connection to transit, and operational partnership opportunities. Multimodal travel times and job accessibility in the study area are evaluated both before and after the introduction of bikeshare, and both greatly improve with the introduction of optimal stations. Public agencies could expect to benefit from this comprehensive methodology because it uses easily obtainable data sources and provides the flexibility to weight the importance of factors differently to fit their communities’ specific transportation goals.
Modern Hip Arthroscopy for FAIS May Delay the Natural History of Osteoarthritis in 25% of Patients: A 12-Year Follow-up Analysis
Authors: Ramkumar Prem N. , Olsen Reena J. , Shaikh Hashim J.F. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Kelly Bryan T.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Little is known about the effect of modern hip arthroscopy on the natural history of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with respect to joint preservation.

Purpose:

To (1) characterize the natural history of FAIS and (2) understand the effect of modern hip arthroscopy by radiographically comparing the hips of patients who underwent only unilateral primary hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between 2010 and 2012, 619 consecutive patients were reviewed from the practice of a single fellowship-trained hip arthroscopic surgeon. Inclusion criteria were FAIS, bilateral radiographic findings of femoroacetabular impingement, primary unilateral hip arthroscopy (labral repair, femoroplasty, or capsular closure), and minimum 10-year follow-up. The preoperative and minimum 10-year postoperative radiographs of patients were evaluated at each time point. Both operative and nonoperative hips were graded using the Tönnis classification or the presence of hip arthroplasty by 2 independent reviewers. Subgroup analyses were performed.

Results:

A total of 200 hips from 100 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 12.0 years. Preoperatively, 98% and 99% of operative and nonoperative hips were evaluated as Tönnis grades 0 and 1, respectively; 5% of nonoperative hips had worse Tönnis grades than operative hips. The nonoperative hip advanced to a worse Tönnis grade in 48% (48/100) of cases compared with 28% (28/100) among operative hips. At follow-up, Tönnis grades between hips were equal in 70% (70/100) of the cases, the operative hip had a better grade 25% (25/100) of the time, and the nonoperative hip had a better grade 5% (5/100) of the time. Modern hip arthroscopy was associated with a relative risk reduction of 42% in osteoarthritis progression. Impingement with borderline dysplasia, age, preoperative Tönnis grade, and alpha angle >65° were key risk factors in the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

Although the majority of patients (70%) undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS did not experience differences between operative and nonoperative hips in terms of the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis, the natural history may be favorably altered for 25% of patients whose Tönnis grade was better after undergoing arthroscopic correction. Modern hip arthroscopy indications and techniques represent a valid joint-preservation procedure conferring a relative risk reduction of 42% in the progression of osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy for mixed patterns of impingement and instability were the fastest to degenerate.
Knee Biomechanics During Cutting Maneuvers and Secondary ACL Injury Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study of Knee Biomechanics in 756 Female Elite Handball and Soccer Players
Authors: Mausehund Lasse , Krosshaug Tron
Published: March 2024

Background:

An athlete who returns to sport after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has a substantially high risk of sustaining a new secondary ACL injury. Because ACL injuries most frequently occur during cutting maneuvers, such movements should be at the center of research attention.

Purpose:

To investigate whether knee biomechanical parameters during side-step cutting maneuvers differ between female elite athletes with and without a history of ACL injury and to evaluate whether such parameters are associated with future secondary ACL injury.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 756 female elite handball and soccer players, of whom 76 had a history of ACL injury, performed a sport-specific cutting task while 3-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were measured. ACL injuries were registered prospectively over an 8-year follow-up period. Seven knee-specific biomechanical variables were the basis for all analyses. Two-way analyses of variance were applied to assess group differences, whereas logistic regression models served to evaluate associations between the knee-specific variables and future secondary ACL injury.

Results:

When players with a previous ACL injury performed the cutting maneuver with their ipsilateral leg, they exhibited lower knee abduction angles (mean difference [MD], 1.4°-1.5°; 95% CI, 0.2°-2.9°), lower peak knee flexion moments (MD, 0.33 N·m/kg-1; 95% CI, 0.18-0.48 N·m/kg-1), lower peak knee abduction moments (MD, 0.27 N·m/kg-1; 95% CI, 0.12-0.41 N·m/kg-1), and lower peak knee internal rotation moments (MD, 0.06 N·m/kg-1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12 N·m/kg-1) compared with injury-free players. When players performed the cut with their contralateral leg, no differences were evident ( P < .05). None of the 7 knee-specific biomechanical variables was associated with future secondary ACL injury in players with an ACL injury history ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Approximately 4 years after ACL injury, female elite team-ball athletes still unloaded their ipsilateral knee during cutting maneuvers, yet contralateral knee loading was similar to that of injury-free players. Knee biomechanical characteristics were not associated with future secondary ACL injury.
Rubber mandrel design suitable for manufacture co-cured hat-stiffened composite panel with large curvature by auto fiber placement technique
Authors: Huang Chunxu , Wang Shan , Liu Yang , Li Yang
Published: March 2024

Producing advanced composite part with complex contour and configuration by automated manufacture process is a challenging research field ever since composite materials have been widely used in aerospace industry. In this study, three potential rubber mandrel designs suitable for producing integral hat-stiffened co-curing panel with large curvature by automatic fiber placement (AFP) technique were discussed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to study the mechanical behavior of these mandrels during the AFP process. Based on the FEA result, a mandrel design with an outer rubber bladder and a corset inner rubber mandrel enhanced with a flexible steel supporter was selected out. An actual experimental part was manufactured to study the feasibility of such design. Magnetic thickness measurement, ultrasonic defect test, and cross-section examination by metallographic microscope were conducted to study the quality of the experimental part. The results revel that producing hat-stiffened co-curing large curvature panel with desirable quality could be achieved by applying the refined rubber mandrel designed in this research.
Assessing the Performance of Teachers of Students With Significant Disabilities: Establishing Content Validity for the TRAIT-SD
Authors: Westling David L. , Cooper-Duffy Karena , Huggins-Manley A. Corinne
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to collect validity evidence to support the use of an observation instrument to evaluate the performance of special education teachers (SETs) of students with significant disabilities (SWSD). In the study, a purposive sample of 49 SETs of SWSD, who were appropriately credentialed and experienced, evaluated the content of the Teacher Rating and Assessment Instrument for Teachers of Students with Significant Disabilities (TRAIT-SD) to determine each item’s importance for teaching SWSD. To do this, the participants were presented with the 37 items on the current version of the TRAIT-SD and asked to rate the importance of each using a 5-point Likert-type scale that ranged from very important to not important. They were also requested to provide narrative statements about the items and to recommend any relevant changes to the items, or recommend any new items they deemed to be missing from the current instrument. The results of the study showed that all participants, regardless of degree level, experience, or geographical location, rated all items between important and very important, resulting in all items being retained on the instrument. Additional comments resulted in a small number of items being reworded for clarity, and one new item being recommended for a subsequent version of the instrument.
APOE Genotype Disclosure Influences Decisions About Future Planning but not Adoption of Healthy Lifestyle Changes in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals
Authors: Popescu Dominique L. , Lee Athene K. , Arthur Edmund , Thompson Louisa I. , Alber Jessica
Published: March 2024

Background

Studies have shown apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype disclosure to be safe and well-tolerated in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. This study aimed to examine the effect of the disclosure process on decisions about future directives and health behaviors in community-dwelling CU older adults from the Butler Alzheimer’s Prevention Registry (BAPR).

Methods

CU APOE E4 non-carriers (n = 106) and carriers (n = 80) aged 58-78 completed in-person psychological readiness screening to undergo APOE disclosure. Follow-up assessments were completed online 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-disclosure. The primary outcomes were future directives, dietary habits, and physical activity scores.

Results

Disclosure was associated with decision making on future directives in E4 carriers ( t = 3.59, P = .01) at 6 months compared to baseline, but not non-carriers. Family history of memory impairment, SCD endorsement, and education consistently predicted scores on future directives. A significant interaction between E4+ and SCD endorsement on future directive scores was noted (OR = 163.06, 9.5-2,799.8). E4 + carrier status was associated with physical activity ( W = 60,148, P = .005) but not dietary habits scores.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that disclosure led to a change in future directives but not protective health behaviors, specifically in E4 carriers. Future work will explore whether pairing disclosure with education about the role of lifestyle factors in AD risk and providing guidelines on making risk-lowering lifestyle modifications as an intervention approach leads to positive change.
Spatial Patterns of Nonprofit Founding: Toward a Local Ecology
Authors: Mayer Duncan J.
Published: March 2024

Nonprofit organizations are vital to the implementation of social policy and provide myriad benefits to those nearby, yet few studies consider founding patterns in small areas. Conceptualizing ecological processes at the local level and in the context of developmental regimes, this article investigates nonprofit founding events among neighborhoods with a unique data set aggregated by census tract from 2010 to 2016 in one northeast Ohio county (United States) using a hierarchical Bayesian model. The results broadly support the density dependence hypothesis, however, suggest high density is required to reduce founding rates in small areas. The results indicate nonprofit founding rates are lower in tracts with higher levels of economic disadvantage and higher shares of Latino residents. The paper calls for further research into nonprofit population dynamics among small areas and for policymakers to closely consider nonprofit founding events, as founding determines the future of a region’s nonprofit infrastructure.
Effect of elastic deformation on lubrication characteristics in different clearances and head size of metallic artificial hip joint
Authors: Mohd Suri Mohd Syafiq , Mohd Yusof Ab Aziz , Syahrom Ardiyansyah , Latif Mohd Juzaila Abd. , Harun Muhamad Noor
Published: March 2024

The issue of lubrication in metallic artificial hip joints is discussed to prevent the two bearing surfaces from contacting each other. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and investigate the effect of radial clearance and head size on the tribological performance of metallic artificial hip joints under steady-state conditions using the Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) method. The average load in the z-direction and flexion-extension motion around the y-axis were used to represent normal walking. This study demonstrates that the film thickness profile from the validation study aligns with the findings of the previous study. The contour of the fluid pressure in the central contact zone changes with different time steps – the direction of fluid movement corresponds to the solid-fluid reaction. Additionally, the deformation of the cup surfaces contributes to the continuous fluid film that separates the contact surfaces. Furthermore, design parameters also influence EHL performance. It has been discovered that less radial clearance and a larger head size led to an increase in fluid film thickness.
Construction and forward kinematics of a novel reconfigurable parallel mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yuankai , Li Duanling , Dong Kaijie , Fan Longjie , Wu Bo , Li Jiahao
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a kind of hybrid kinematics chain with variable constraints is constructed by using a 6R spatial bifurcated chain and 4-DOF serial limbs, by using them, a 3-DOF Reconfigurable Parallel Mechanisms (RPM) was constructed, which has four motion modes: 3T, 2T1R, 2R1T, and 3R motion modes. Using screw theory, the change of wrench system in the hybrid kinematics chain caused by the reconfiguration of the 6R bifurcated chain is analyzed, which affects the wrench system of the moving platform (MP), and thus causes the reconfiguration of the parallel mechanism (PM). The triangular pyramid fixed to the MP was found as auxiliary geometry and used to intuitively describe the constraint relationship between joint axes in limbs. The latter was used to establish a unified forward kinematics model of the RPM in four motion modes. The general forward kinematics solution procedure for this type of RPM is given. The overall Jacobian matrix was obtained by screw theory for singularity analysis. The condition number of the Jacobian matrix measures the degree to which the mechanism is close to the singular configuration. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, point cloud images representing the workspace of RPM were obtained.
An empirical study on the factors influencing the new product development process in Indian automobile industries
Authors: Rajeev Sharma , Prashant Pareek , Malay R Patel
Published: March 2024

Automobile manufacturing industries are looking at innovative ways to improve their company processes globally to maintain profitability in an increasingly complicated and competitive global market. There is fierce competition in the automotive business, which is evolving quickly. A crucial constituent of an organization’s success, survival, and vitality in such industries is the process of new product development. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the success factors of the new product development process in the Automobile industry. This research work tested the hypothesis that factors influence the process of new product development in the Automobile manufacturing industries of Maharashtra. The evidence was collected from higher officials of respective industries. The findings show that market orientation, market competition, and organizational culture have a significant impact on the New Product Development Process in the Automobile Manufacturing industry. The result of this study also shows that the role of governance and organization competence and resources do not impact the New Product Development Process. This suggests that management in the Automobile manufacturing industry strategy should focus on all the possible influential factors during the process of product development.
Rethinking Barriers and Enablers in Qualitative Health Research: Limitations, Alternatives, and Enhancements
Authors: Haynes Abby , Loblay Victoria
Published: March 2024

Explorations of barriers and enablers (or barriers and facilitators) to a desired health practice, implementation process, or intervention outcome have become so prevalent that they seem to be a default in much health services and public health research. In this article, we argue that decisions to frame research questions or analyses using barriers and enablers (B&Es) should not be default. Contrary to the strengths of qualitative research, the B&Es approach often bypasses critical reflexivity and can lead to shallow research findings with poor understanding of the phenomena of interest. The B&Es approach is untheorised, relying on assumptions of linear, unidirectional processes, universally desirable outcomes, and binary thinking which are at odds with the rich understanding of context and complexity needed to respond to the challenges faced by health services and public health. We encourage researchers to develop research questions using informed deliberation that considers a range of approaches and their implications for producing meaningful knowledge. Alternatives and enhancements to the B&Es approach are explored, including using ‘whole package’ methodologies; theories, conceptual frameworks, and sensitising ideas; and participatory methods. We also consider ways of advancing existing research on B&Es rather than doing ‘more of the same’: researchers can usefully investigate how a barrier or enabler works in depth; develop and test implementation strategies for addressing B&Es; or synthesise the B&Es literature to develop a new model or theory. Illustrative examples from the literature are provided. We invite further discussion on this topic.
ASD-Modified Interaction Therapy: Effects on Fathers’ and Mothers’ Responsiveness, Affect, and Attachment
Authors: Weinstein Nitza , Zloof Golombick Adi
Published: March 2024

This study evaluated the effects of short-term manualized autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-modified “interaction therapy” (IT) for 42 parents, comprising both fathers and mothers of 21 preschoolers with ASD, while comparing father and mother outcomes. Intervention features included parents’ focus on self-reflection and “here-and-now” investigation of live parent–child interaction, both parents’ equal participation, spousal observation, and nonhierarchical parent-therapist collaboration. Pretest and posttest data included analysis of videotaped father–child and mother–child interactions to assess parental responsiveness and affect, and questionnaires on parents’ perceived attachment to child. Results following ASD-modified IT showed both parents’ increases in responsiveness and affect during parent–child interaction, with a larger increase in mothers’ affect. No change emerged in father’s perceived attachment, but mothers increased their perceived attachment quality and pleasure from interaction. Findings extended prior research, which had mostly examined mothers’ improvements following caregiver-mediated intervention, by pinpointing the ASD-modified IT’s efficacy for promoting not only mothers’ but also fathers’ responsive and affective interaction abilities.