bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Doses of Systemic UVB 310nm Irradiation in Gingivitis Rat Model
Authors: Diah Diah , Prahasanti Chiquita , Puji Rahayu Retno
Published: January 2025

Gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases that affects people worldwide. The primary treatment for gingivitis is scaling and root planing. However, despite this therapy, the problem may still recur. New strategies for treating periodontal diseases aim to maintain the natural oral microbiota while modifying the host immune response.The ultraviolet B (UVB) influences the innate and adaptive immune system. This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of systemic ultraviolet B radiation at 310 nm in the gingiva using gingivitis rat model by observing the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and interleukin (IL)-4 expression. In this study, twenty-five gingivitis Wistar rats were divided into five groups consisting of control group P0 (without UVB irradiation), and irradiation groups P1, P2, P3, and P4 (with UVB irradiation of 12.5, 25, 50, 100mJ/cm2 respectively) every day for ten days. All groups were sacrificed on day 21st, and then the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and interleukin (IL)-4 expression were compared via Hematoxyline Eosin (HE), and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The statistical results showed that group P2 had the highest number of lymphocytes, new blood vessels, and fibroblasts were significantly different from groups P0, P1, and P4, but not significantly different from P3. P2 also had the highest IL-4 expression, significantly different from P4 and not significantly different from P0, P1, and P3. Group P3 showed the highest number of macrophages, significantly different from groups P0 and P1 but not significantly different from groups P2 and P4. It was concluded that systemic UVB 310 nm irradiation in different doses affects the count of gingiva lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and IL-4 expression in the gingivitis rat model. The number or expression of each variable does not always increase with increasing UVB dose. At the dose of 25 mJ/cm2, almost all parameters were increased and then decreased at the higher dose.
Application box Behnken design for the optimum cream formula of M. calabura fruit extract: In vitro and In vivo studies as an antiaging product
Authors: Nur Syamsu , J. Sami Fitriyanti , Sapra Amriani , N. Aisyah Andi , Burhan Asril , Megawati Megawati , Marwati Marwati , A. Yusuf Nurul , Mislia Mislia , Nursamsiar Nursamsiar
Published: January 2025

Muntingia calabura fruit, with its local name (Indonesia), is Kersen, a plant with phenolic compounds that have the potential to be formulated as antiaging with antioxidant mechanisms and inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activity. The purpose of this study was to formulate extracts of Kersen fruit into a stable cream preparation based on an experimental box Behnken design approach to determine the concentration of phytocream as an emulsifier and isopropyl myristate as an enhancer and further evaluate for in vitro and in vivo performance. Kersen fruit was extracted and then formulated into an o/w cream at a concentration of 5%. The obtained cream was evaluated for stability in a thermodynamics study based on the standard parameters, followed by the effectiveness based on the penetration profiles, the ability as antioxidants using the β-carotene bleaching method, and antiaging effectivity by tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory. The effective formula was then subjected to in vivo safety testing (anti-irritation) using rabbits and volunteers. The results showed no specific change in the cream, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and type of cream parameters. The cream also delivered phenolic compounds through the side circum membrane with the highest cumulative amount calculated as gallic acid at 90 and 120 minutes with flux in the range of 0.594 - 1.688 g/cm2hour. The effectiveness of the preparation as an antiaging candidate with antioxidant activity and inhibition of the tyrosinase and elastase showed that the Kersen fruit cream had antioxidant activity >70% and classified as high category and proved to be more effective at inhibiting the tyrosinase and elastase enzyme. Irritation studies showed negligible category in rabbits and non-irritant in humans. The cream formula with the active raw ingredient kersen fruit extract has good characteristics and effectiveness to develop it as a natural skin care product.
Optimizing Ocular Therapy: A Synergistic Approach with Thermosensitive Poloxamer 407 and Chitosan in In Situ Gel Formulation
Authors: Nakhil Umaimatun , Seftian Muhammad , Adhyatmika Adhyatmika , Martien Ronny
Published: January 2025

Thermosensitive in situ gels in ocular drug delivery present a breakthrough in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Responsive to physiological temperature, these gels undergo a transition from liquid to gel upon contact with the ocular surface. This unique property enhances drug bioavailability and extends retention time, overcoming challenges posed by rapid tear turnover. The gel viscosity promotes sustained drug release, minimizing the need for frequent administrations. In this study, a thermosensitive polymer base of poloxamer 407 was combined with chitosan to produce an in situ levofloxacin gel. Characterisation was carried out to see the effect of both polymers on the physicochemical properties of the resulting gel such as appearance, pH, gelation time and temperature, viscosity, and drug release. Attenuated Total Reflector (ATR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the molecular interactions. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity was comparatively evaluated with a market product. This study aimed to develop Levofloxacin (LFX) in situ gel using poloxamer 407 (PLX407) and chitosan (CHT). Both polymers significantly influenced gelation characteristics, aligning with physiological eye mucosa temperature (34°C). PLX407's thermosensitivity played a vital role in gelation, decreasing solubility with temperature rise. Synergistic involvement of PLX407 and CHT resulted in lower gelation temperatures and times with higher PLX407 concentrations. At low CHT concentrations (<0.4%), increased concentration decreased gelation time. CHT's ability to accelerate dehydration and form crosslinks enhanced gel strength. The drug release profile followed a first-order model, suggesting controlled release, but the Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicated a super case II mechanism. In practice, shear forces and dilution lead to dissolution and erosion, but the dialysis membrane may restrict observation. This highlights the importance of practical relevance in experimental design.
Natriuretic and Saluretic effects of Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb Seed Extracts in Rats
Authors: S. Mathapati Sunil , S. Kalshetti Mallinath
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to explore the diuretic effects of extracts of Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb seed, a member of the Caesalpiniaceae family, using an acute rat model. Dehydrated rats were administered single dose of the extracts, prepared in both aqueous and ethanol forms, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally. Additionally, rats were given 25 mg/kg of frusemide and hydrochlorothiazide as standard diuretic drugs orally, for comparative analysis. A control group received oral administration of normal saline at a dose of 25 ml/kg. The metabolic cages were used to house the rats in pairs and urine output was measured at intervals of 5 hours and 24 hours. The results showed that higher doses of both extracts substantially raised the volume of urine output. This diuretic effect was observed gradually within 5 hours and sustained throughout the 24 hour study period. Furthermore, the 400 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract exhibited a diuretic effect comparable to that of frusemide. Analysis of urine samples revealed a significantly elevated Na+, K+ and Cl- with the ethanolic extract of C. bonduc seeds. However, neither dose of the extracts significantly altered the pH nor specific gravity of urine during routine urinalysis. The findings suggest that extracts from C. bonduc seeds possess diuretic properties, supporting their traditional use in managing urinary problems. Further exploration is necessary to pinpoint the active phytoconstituents accountable for these observed effects.
Synthesized Nanostructured Dendrimer’s Proposal of a Practical Strategy to Improve the Solubility of Domperidone
Authors: Patel Vidhi , Patel Princy , M. Patel Pravinkumar , Patel Snehal , V Patel Jigar
Published: January 2025

An antiemetic drug called domperidone (DMP) is used to treat dyspepsia, indigestion, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting in both adults and children. DMP is class II medication, which indicates that it has a high permeability and a low solubility in water. One major obstacle to the successful development of effective dosage forms for domperidone is its poor solubility in water. Dendrimers have shown to be useful as solubilizers in recent decades. Because of these unique properties, dendrimers are a useful tool for drug solubilization. These characteristics include good drug encapsulation, high water solubility, excellent host-guest chemistry, versatile geometry, and customizable surface design. The current study showed that synthesized dendritic macromolecules outperformed commercially available PAMAM dendrimer in novel nanostructure Dendrimer's cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests were performed on lung cancer cell lines, A-549. Using a phase solubility method, reported nanostructured dendrimers are used to increase the solubility of domperidone. The impact of dendrimer concentration and generation on domperidone solubility was investigated. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrated that domperidone's solubility was roughly correlated with dendrimer generation and concentration. Infrared spectroscopy is used to confirm the drug containing dendrimer. The current work indicates that the TG3.0 dendrimer exhibits significant promise for improving domperidone solubility. For increasing domperidone solubility, dendrimer worked better than beta-cyclodextrins. This research demonstrates that the hydroxyl-terminated nanostructured dendrimer system may serve as a promising delivery system for hydrophobic drugs.
Antidiabetic and Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Formulation Sarkaraikolli on Rats
Authors: Susmitha P. , Sundar S. , Reddy A. Jayarami , Priya T. Pavani , Manasa K. , Geetha S. , Sree CH. Divya
Published: January 2025

Aim: To investigate the anti-diabetic and wound healing activity of polyherbal formulation sarkaraikolli on rats. Materials and Method: In this model, animals were administered with test and standard samples by oral route. Frequently blood samples were taken and examined for blood glucose levels, which were assessed using a glucometer. The animals were sacrificed by 2 hours on the 21st day after the treatment by cervical dislocation and biochemical studies were performed. The blood samples were collected and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes after a retro-orbital puncture. Different procedures were performed for the determination of liver enzyme tests. In the model of anti-diabetic animals were evenly divided into 5 groups. Group-1 and Group-2 served as untreated and model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4, and 5 were the treatment groups which were simultaneously treated with standard, 250 and 500 mg/kg extract respectively after glucose loading. Results: Sarkaraikolli possesses significant anti-diabetic, and wound healing activity when compared to the conventional medicine like Glibenclamide. Significant anti-diabetic action is visible due to lower blood glucose levels and maintenance of steady body weights. Sarkaraikolli wound healing activity is demonstrated by higher wound healing activity as compared to the standard medication.
Study of Lipid Complex Composition of Portulaca oleracea L. Herbs
Authors: Khakim Nasser Raudas Abdul , Hajjar Fadi , Vladimirovich Goryainov Sergey , Vladimirovich Nikulin Alexander , Alexandrovich Ivlev Vasilii , Georgievna Potanina Olga , Gennadievich Vasiliev Vasilii , Valerievna Sheremeta Anzhelika , Anatolyevna Kovaleva Svetlana , Alexandrovna Abramovich Rimma , Alexandrovich Kalabin Gennady
Published: January 2025

The lipid complex of the aboveground part of Portulaca oleracea L., which constitutes around 2.0% of the plant material, was thoroughly analyzed using a combination of advanced techniques including GC-MS, GC-FID and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The study delved into the qualitative and quantitative composition of various components such as fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, and triterpene alcohols present in the lipid complex. The primary structural element identified in the complex is wax, with prominent percentages of α-linolenic (23.5%), linoleic (24.7%), and palmitic (25.3%) acids. The tocopherol content in the lipid complex was found to be approximately 0.02%, with β- and γ-tocopherols making up to 40% of the fraction. Additionally, δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol were present in roughly equal amounts, each constituting about 30% of the tocopherol content. The lipid complex also contains sterols and triterpene alcohols, with a total content of 691.3 mg/100g (0.7%) in the fraction. The main components of this fraction included β-sitosterol (44.0%), Δ7-sitosterol (13.2%), and cycloartenol (7.7%). These detailed analyses highlight the potential of Portulaca oleracea L. as a promising raw material for the extraction of a lipid complex, offering opportunities for further pharmacotherapeutic research and applications.
Influence of Endogenous carbohydrate content on Initiation of adventitious roots in stem cuttings of Coleus blumei L.
Authors: Kumar Das Mrinal
Published: January 2025

Several internal and externally administered substances may stimulate or prevent the development of adventitious roots. The present study was conducted to analyze the role of endogenous carbohydrate content on the initiation of adventitious roots during the culture of Coleus blumei L. stem cuttings. The stem cuttings of the plant were cultured at various inclinations viz., 22.50, 450, 67.50, 900 and 1800 to the soil surface. The endogenous carbohydrate content in water was analyzed from stem cuttings (4cm length) on the initial day and after 4 days of culture of Coleus blumei L cuttings. At the base of the cultured cuttings, up to the 2 cm area of root initiation, the carbohydrate (glucose) amount exhibited variations along with inclinations. Additionally, a substantial relationship was found between the gravity component and the endogenous glucose level. Although the maximum amount of carbohydrate accumulation (325µg/g F.W.) was recorded at a 22.50 inclination, its subsequent accumulation at 450 inclination (256µg/g F.W.) exhibited a fast genesis of adventitious roots. This presumably indicated that the components of gravity (g), viz. pgsinθ and pgcosθ had a significant influence on the rate of transportation of endogenous carbohydrate content to the basal terminal part of the cultured cut sections that are maintained at varied inclinations. Accumulating carbohydrates at the base of cultured cuttings influences the development and maturation of adventitious roots in stem cut sections. Nonetheless, the research showed that the beginning of the rooting process in stem cuttings of Coleus blumei L. necessitates a certain quantity of endogenous carbohydrates.
The Activity of Trisindoline 5 Compound againsts c-Myc and FoxO1, 3, 4 Gene Expression on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: P. D. Nurhayati Awik , Fatoni Muhammad , I. Salsabila Yofinta , Salispriaji Sholeh , Setiawan Edwin , Jadid Nurul , A. Wati First , Santoso Mardi , S. Ghaissani Shabrina
Published: January 2025

Unoptimum curing and controlling proliferation of cancer cells in breast is due to the presence of BCSCs (Breast cancer stem cells), which are associated with stemness, self-renewal, tumour initiation and metastasis. Similarly, overexpression of c-Myc (oncogenic transcription factor) in breast cancer has become potential as target of cancer therapy. Inhibition of c-Myc in cancer cells can increase the transcription factors FoxO family members including FoxO1, 3, 4 and their target genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Trisindoline is an indole timer alkaloid natural compound, which is toxic to cancer cells. For this reason, we aim to decide the activity of one of derivate compound of trisindoline, namely as trisindoline 5 on BCSCs MDA-MB-231 through cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and gene expression of c-Myc and FoxO1, 3, 4. As a result, MTT assay showed trisindoline 5 can decrease the viability of BCSCs MDA-MB-231 with IC50 13.127µg/ml. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis shown that trisindoline 5 can induce apoptosis 5.23% at concentration of 25µg/ml. Similarly, qPCR analysis showed the highest decrease in c-Myc was found in trisindoline 5 concentration of 25µg/ml with 0.0746-fold. Meanwhile, the highest increase FoxO1, 3, 4 expression was found in trisindoline 5 concentration of 25µg/ml, 20.6452-fold, 26.4709-fold, and 12.8341-fold respectively. Therefore, we conclude that trisindoline 5 concentration of 25µg/ml was able to decrease the expression of c-Myc and increase the expression of FoxO1, 3, 4 despites, it was not effective enough in reducing the population of BCSCs MDA-MB-231.
Chemical Reaction Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: R. Ahmad Adnan
Published: January 2025

A significant revolution in organic chemistry is being driven by artificial intelligence. A number of platforms, including applications for planned synthesis and reaction prediction Machine learning has successfully integrated itself into the daily work of organic chemists, enabling in synthetic issues with a specific domain. Contrary to retrosynthetic models and reaction prediction, the Despite the huge potential of response yield prediction, it has gotten less attention. accurately forecasting the rates of response conversion. Reaction generates models that specify the proportion. Chemists to choose high produced reactions and score synthesis methods, decreasing the number of tries. The reactants transformed to the wanted products. For high-capacity studies, yield estimates have primarily been made using a firm encoding of reactants, focused molecular patterns, or calculated chemicals used to describe.
Most Prevalent Cancer Subtypes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: M. Aljameeli Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The most prevalent cancers are those in Saudi Arabia (oral, thyroid, lung, breast, liver, and colorectal). Males have a greater chance than females to develop prostate, lung, liver, colorectal, and stomach cancers, whereas females are more likely to advance breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, as well as thyroid cancers. A few cancer cases in Saudi Arabia have doubled in frequency over the past few years. The most prevalent cancers being liver, lungs, colorectal, stomach, and the prostate. The Saudi population's changing way of life, early diagnosis program, screening campaign, a lack of preventing cancer, as well as social pressures to cancer research are all to blame for this. Obesity, genetics, living a bad diet, smoking, exposure to infectious diseases, as well as a deficiency in iodine as well as vitamin D all appear to raise the risk of getting cancer in Saudi Arabia.
Comprehensive Approaches to Pharmaceutical Marketing: Balancing Innovation and Regulation
Authors: Kumar Rathore Yogesh , Dewangan Narendra , Kumar Swarnkar Suman
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive analysis investigates ethical concerns in pharmaceutical marketing, including consumer-facing advertisements and physician-targeted marketing through a systematic review of cross-disciplinary quantitative research from 1990 to 2021. The study reveals inconsistencies in findings due to variations in research designs and populations, compounded by discipline-specific biases. A detailed taxonomy of ethical concerns is introduced, supplemented by insights from scholarly and industry publications and expert interviews. The research advocates for rigorous designs, testing causal inferences, exploring under-researched areas, reconciling conflicting findings, and integrating ethical theories to improve future research. Additionally, the study scrutinizes the ethical dimensions of direct-to-consumer communications in the pharmaceutical industry, presenting ethical practice standards for marketing professionals and proposing an oath to distill essential ethical imperatives related to these communications. Furthermore, it addresses the decline in ethical standards of advertising for pharmaceuticals and explores the connection between advertising for pharmaceuticals strategies, healthcare quality, and patient satisfaction, particularly within the context of Islamic marketing mechanisms. The research emphasises the importance of pharmaceuticals ethical advertising in conjunction with Islamic marketing strategies., with the latter partially mediating healthcare quality and influencing patient satisfaction. The developed framework provides valuable insights for Muslim entrepreneurs, contributing to the understanding of pharmaceutical marketing ethics, Islamic marketing mechanisms, and healthcare quality.
Safety Evaluation of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.) on Kidney Organs in Male White Rats
Authors: Aldi Yufri , Permatasari Dita , Afdalanita Sera , Alqamal Alianta Aditya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Moringa oleifera Lam. is widely used in medicine by the community to increase body endurance. Aim: The study aimed to determine the safety of Moringa leaf extract against kidney histology on repeated use. Material and Methods: A total of 36 male white rats aged 2-3 months were divided into four groups, namely one control group, which was given 1% Na CMC and three treatment groups, which were given Moringa leaf ethanol extract at doses of 7, 21, and 140mg/kg BW for 7, 14, and 21 days. Animals were sacrificed on days 8, 15, and 22; their kidneys were collected. The parameters namely descriptively presented renal histology and the ratio of kidney organs were analysed, using two-way ANOVA. Result: The results demonstrated that the group with the highest dose (140mg/kg BW) showed an average increase in damage scores, including 1.4, 1.6, and 2.4 (minimal-moderate damage). Accordingly, based on the duration of administration, the histology scores showed increasing numbers on days 7, 14 and 21 with successive averages of 0.55, 0.7 and 1.25. The results of the ratio of kidney parts showed a decrease which was influenced by the duration of administration (p<0.05) and was not affected by the dose (p>0.05). The results of Duncan's follow-up test showed no significant difference between each group for the duration of administration (p>0.05). Based on this, it can be concluded that the Moringa leaves did not significantly damage the kidney.
Harnessing Solubility Parameter-based Approaches to Predict Aripiprazole’s Solubility in Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Sambhakar Sharda , S. Kamath K Shwetha , J. Thimmasetty , Nayak N. Shashank , Hebbar Srinivas , Jayesh Pravin Shah , Singh Bishambar
Published: January 2025

Solutions of drugs may behave as ideal solutions, real solutions, or irregular solutions. It is necessary to understand the behaviour of these solutions before attempting to handle them. Various theories/models are reported in the literature to explain their behaviour. The importance of models in predicting the solubility of aripiprazole is demonstrated using its solubility in dioxane-water blends. The method utilizes theoretical and semiempirical approaches to predict solubility. The experimental solubility data for aripiprazole are validated using both ideal and nonideal solutions, focusing on the Scatchard-Hildebrand equation for regular solutions. Furthermore, the Extended Hildebrand Solubility approach is employed to identify the most suitable equation that yields calculated solubility data in agreement with experimental results. Interestingly, a method that directly correlates the solubility parameter of solvent combinations with the logarithm of the mole fraction solubility produces findings comparable to those obtained with the Extended Hildebrand Solubility approach. The results imply that aripiprazole solutions behave as irregular solutions. The solubility profile of aripiprazole may be precisely determined using a quartic equation developed based on regression of activity coefficient versus solubility parameter of the solvent blends. This method saves time and money compared to experimental methods.
Technology of Application Dosage Form with Extract of Xanthium strumarium L. for use in Dental Practice
Authors: Itzhanova Kh.I. , Remetova N.S. , Zakareyeva A.K. , Abdrakhmanova G.M. , Murzaliyeva G.T. , Orazbayeva P.Z.
Published: January 2025

Currently, the development of new means for delivering active substances is considered as the most promising direction in the creation of original application drugs - phytofilms. Phytofilms are intended for application to the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, etc. The herb Xanthium strumarium L. is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing agent. In this regard, the use of a thick extract of Xanthium strumarium L. as a medicinal agent will increase the range of finished drugs for use in dental practice.The article presents the results of a study on the development of a dental phytofilm composition using an alcohol extract of Xanthium strumarium L. with the addition of ascorbic acid substance. In the course of experimental studies, we obtained various models of dental films containing active and auxiliary substances. Standardization of dental phytofilm was carried out, quality indicators were established such as: organoleptic properties, identification of main components, pH of the environment, quantitative determination of active ingredients, solubility, elasticity, adhesion and moisture absorption parameters of the developed dosage form.
SIMULASI DEFORMASI PADA CASING WEAR RING MENGGUNAKAN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FREECAD
Authors: Dhimas Pramudya Dewanata  , Regan Rahadian P  , Susilo Handoko
Published: January 2025

Energi kinetik yang diberikan oleh impeller dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan dalam sistem kerja pompa. Kegagalan dalam kinerja pompa dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya masa kerja pompa tersebut. Casing wear ring digunakan sebagai pencegah kebocoran pompa, dan deformasi yang terjadi dapat mengakibatkan kebocoran pada pompa. Analisis deformasi pada wear ring menjadi penting untuk memahami dampak perubahan wear ring berdasarkan beban yang diterimanya, hal ini diakibatkan oleh perubahan bentuk yang berlebih dapat menurunkan kinerja dan menyebabkan kegagalan operasional. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) digunakan untuk mensimulasikan deformasi yang terjadi pada pompa. FreeCAD merupakan software Open Source yang dapat melakukan simulasi FEA dengan pendekatan secara komputasi. Berdasarkan kondisi yang telah ditentukan. Hasil analisis FEA menunjukan deformasi maksimal yang terjadi sebesar 0,00000035 mm dengan stress maksimal yang terjadi sebesar 0,0064 MPa. Hasil ini menunjukan kemampuan OSS FreeCAD dalam melakukan FEA pada komponen casing wear ring di pompa sentrifugal.
ANALISIS PENGHEMATAN DAYA LISTRIK PADA MOTOR UNTUK POMPA PENDINGIN 3 FASA KAPASITAS 6 KV 920 KW MENGGUNAKAN VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE
Authors: Meichelia Ledyna
Published: January 2025

Pada era modern, perkembangan kemajuan teknologi tumbuh sangat pesat khususnya di bidang sistem tenaga listrik. Pada umumnya mesin listrik digunakan untuk mengubah energi listrik menjadi energi gerak, sebagai contohnya yaitu motor induksi. Motor induksi 3 fasa banyak digunakan sebagai penggerak peralatan dengan kecepatan penuh atau relatif konstan. Konsumsi daya pada motor induksi dengan kecepatan konstan lebih besar, hal tersebut menyebabkan pemborosan energi listrik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan suatu cara untuk untuk melakukan rekayasa teknologi menghemat energi listrik. Salah satu cara untuk menghemat pemakain energi listrik pada saat pengoperasian motor induksi 3 fasa yaitu menggunakan Variable Speed Drive. Variable Speed Drive dapat mengatur kecepatan motor tersebut dengan cara mengubah frekuensi yang masuk pada motor induksi yang dihubungkan langsung dengan motor induksi 3 fasa. Kecepatan putaran motor dapat diubah-ubah yang menyebabkan konsumsi listrik menjadi lebih kecil. Oleh karena itu pemasangan Variable Speed Drive pada motor listrik 3 fasa yang difungsikan sebagai pompa pendingin di PT. Krakatau Chandra Energi yang diambil data-data nya untuk melakukan penelitian masalah ini, sehingga didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar ± 30-33%.
ANALISA EFISIENSI KERJA SCREW COMPRESSOR MM 45 DI UNIT BOILER PPSDM MIGAS CEPU
Authors: Miqdad Dzakkiy Nur Ahmad  , Soegiarto Toegas Soegeng
Published: January 2025

Minyak bumi merupakan sumberdaya mineral yang mempunyai peran vital dalam kebutuhan en-ergi di Indonesia, bahkan pada tahun 2015 energi yang berasal dari minyak bumi menyumbang 95% dari total konsumsi energi di Indonesia. Salah satu Lembaga pemerintah yang bergerak di idang minyak bumi adalah Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak dan Gas Bumi (PPSDM Migas), PPSDM Migas sendiri dilengkapi dengan unit kilang untuk memproduksi minyak bumi mentah menjadi BBM. Dalam kilang ini peralatan harus dalam keadaan baik demi kelancaran produksi, sehingga analisa terhadap efisiensi kinerja suatu alat perlu diperhatikan. Salah satu alat yang terdapat di kilang PPSDM Migas Cepu adalah kompresor screw MM45 dimana kompresor ini berfungsi untuk menunjang alat - alat pneumatic yang ada dalam kilang ini. Karena peranan kompresor yang sangat besar maka diperlukan adanya analisis efisiensi, beradasarkan perhitungan di ketahui bahwa ketika kompresor sedang loading atau runing, kapasitas kompresor adalah 212,0455 CFM, putaran kompresor adalah 2047,4 rpm, dan daya yang digunakan adalah sebesar 21,669 KW, yang mana mengalami penurunan daya sebesar 51,8602 % dibanding kondisi desain, hal ini dapat terjadi karena perbedaan pressure antara aktual dan desain dan karena menyesuaikan kebutuhan operasi sehingga kompresor tidak dioperasikan secara maksimal.
PRARANCANG PABRIK ETHYLENE DARI GAS ALAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE THERMAL CRACKING
Authors: Wibowo Muhamad Zaidan , Aulia Haris Numan
Published: January 2025

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan keanekaragaman SDA yang melimpah. Gas alam merupakan salah satunya dengan pasokan cadangan mencapai 142,72 TCF diindonesia. Salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan ketersediaan gas alam yang melimpah ini ialah pembangunan pabrik ethylene dengan memanfaatkan gas alam sebagai bahan baku utamanya. Ethylene merupakan hidrokarbon olefin rantai dua yang biasa digunakan dalam industri kimia menghasilkan hasil akhir yang sangat beragam, seperti plastik, dan polyethylene. Pada tahun 2021 konsumsi ethylene mencapai 1.480.578 Ton. Sedangkan produksi ethylene hanya sebesar 860 ribu ton, sehingga dilakukan kegiatan impor ethylene sebesar 687.660 ton. Dengan pertimbangan tersebut, dicanangkan pembangunan pabrik ethylene dengan kapasitas 150.000 ton/tahun untuk menutupi kebutuhan impor sebesar 21%. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di daerah Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Dengan pasokan feed gas alam dari PT.Medco Lematang. Terdapat 2 unit utama dalam pabrik ini, yaitu acid gas removal unit dan purification & reaction unit dengan metode thermal cracking. Produk akhir yang didapatkan berupa Ethylene 99,8% dengan produk samping LPG dan sales gas. Dari Analisa perhitungan ekonomi perancangan pabrik ethylene ini memerlukan Fixed capital investment sebesar $ 128.733.763,40, total production cost sebesar $ 554.830.257,82/Tahun, penghasilan bersih sebesar $ 23.438.040,99/Tahun, BEP 43%, POT 6,87 tahun, dan IRR 13,38%.
RANCANG BANGUN SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM PADA METERING REGULATING STATION
Authors: Pradana Mochamad Rizky , Ramadhan Rahmat Friandi , Putra M Syauqi Sada
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun Safety Instrumented System (SIS) yang efisien dan adaptif guna meningkatkan keselamatan operasional di Metering Regulating Station (MRS). Sistem ini menggunakan dua sensor utama, yaitu flame detector dan gas detector, untuk mendeteksi ancaman kebakaran dan kebocoran gas yang berpotensi menimbulkan kecelakaan atau kerusakan serius. Prototipe sistem terdiri dari dua Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) yang didukung oleh kontroler PLC Outseal Mega V2, yang memproses data dari sensor dan menghasilkan output berupa alarm, indikator, solenoid valve, dan pompa sesuai dengan program yang diprogram menggunakan Outseal Studio. Evaluasi kinerja sistem SIS dilakukan dengan metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) untuk menilai Safety Integrity Level (SIL) prototipe. Data maintenance seperti Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) diperoleh dari OREDA 22 HANDBOOK dan digunakan untuk menghitung Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) dari setiap komponen SIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi SIS dengan karakteristik operasional MRS sangat kompleks, dan penggunaan teknologi terbaru seperti sensor flame dan gas sangat penting untuk meningkatkan responsivitas terhadap ancaman keamanan. Meskipun implementasi SIS menawarkan manfaat signifikan dalam meningkatkan keselamatan operasional, tantangan seperti biaya implementasi dan pemeliharaan harus diperhatikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem SIS yang dikembangkan efisien dan adaptif, dengan nilai PFD 0,192 dan SIL 1.
OPTIMASI YIELD SWEET NAPHTA DENGAN PENGATURAN BOTTOM TEMPERATURE PADA KOLOM STRIPPER DI UNIT NHT PT XYZ
Authors: Herawati Agna Tri , Tun Sriana
Published: January 2025

Kolom stripper merupakan kolom yang memisahkan impurities beserta komponen light key (cyclopentane) dengan heavy key (n-hexane) yang masih terbawa dalam umpan sebelum masuk ke unit selanjutnya atau unit platforming di PT XYZ. Kolom ini berisi tray dengan tipe sieve dengan jumlah tray sebanyak 25 tray, dengan kondisi operasi pada tekanan 9,4 kg/cm2 dan pada suhu 139-209°C. Feed akan masuk pada tray ke-6 dengan laju alir sebesar 273,029 T/jam. Refluks minimum yang dihasilkan adalah 1,0468. Hasil evaluasi perfoma kolom menunjukan efisiensi sebesar 68%. Dengan data tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan optimasi dengan bantuan simulasi Aspen hysys. Optimasi Hysys diharapkan dapat me-maksimalkan bottom produk agar tidak terikut bersama produk top produk perlu dilakukan pengaturan pada variabel temperature untuk meningkatkan yield bottom produk dalam pemisahan kolom. Dengan menggunakan simulasi ASPEN HYSYS kondisi optimum bottom temperature menjadi 205°C dan menghasilkan yield sweet naphta sebesar 5.837,305 T/hari. Dari hasil tersebut didapatkan keuntungan pada kondisi optimum sebesar Rp 2.393.904.169.892,75/Tahun.
OPTIMALISASI SISTEM FEEDBACK CONTROL FLOW PADA WATER TREATMENT PACKAGE DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Wiranto Fauzi , Handaja Suka
Published: January 2025

Stasiun kompresor PT XYZ adalah stasiun yang berfungsi untuk menaikkan tekanan gas suplai yang dicampur dengan gas yang berasal dari Conoco-Phillips dan dikirim ke Jawa melalui pipa transmisi South Sumatera-West Java (SSWJ). Beberapa penunjang operasi pada utility system, diantaranya air instrument system, water system, dan power system. Water system mengolah air tanah menjadi air yang layak pakai dan minum. Dalam pengolahannya, water system dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu water treatment package dan potable water package. Water treatment package pengolahan awal yang menggunakan multimedia filter dan activated carbon filter. Sedangkan potable water package adalah bagian pengolahan air lanjutan. Dalam operasinya, water treatment package ini mempunyai kapasitas 34 gallons per minute (GPM). Namun kapasitas flow yang mampu diolah terbatas, maka dipasanglah sistem kontrol aliran. Sistem kontrol ini mempunyai parameter awal Kp : 0,3 dan Ti 0,5 menit. Optimalisasi dilakukan mengubah default opening dari 20% menjadi 15% yang menurunkan overshoot 40 GPM menjadi 36,65 GPM, dan mempercepat waktu steady state dari 240 detik menjadi 42 detik. Menggunakan tuning PID metode Chien (Kp : 0,29 dan Ti : 0,15 menit) dengan bukaan 15% menghasilkan overshoot terendah 35,78 GPM dan waktu steady state hanya 25 detik. Optimalisasi ini dapat meningkatkan kinerja sistem kontrol aliran.
EVALUASI REMAINING LIFE TANGKI TIMBUN T-111 TYPE CONE ROOF DI KILANG PPSDM MIGAS CEPU
Authors: Yudistia A Alrio Gilang , Aji Ferro
Published: January 2025

Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak dan Gas Bumi (PPSDM Migas) Cepu mempunyai beberapa tangki timbun, tangki T-111 adalah salah satunya dari tangki yang ada di PPSDM Migas Cepu dengan tipe Cone Roof. Tangki ini sebagai penampung sementara solar yang selanjutnya didistribusikan ke SPBU atau Industri. Tangki ini memiliki diameter 5,992 m, tinggi 2,640 m, dan ka-pasitas penampung sebesar 73 KL. Dalam pengoperasian jangka panjang pastinya unjuk kerja tangki akan menurun, salah satu penyebab yaitu corrosion rate. Corrosion rate dapat terjadi pada shell dan roof sehingga dapat memperpendek remaining life dari tangki tersebut. Berdasarkan perhitungan tangki T-111 seharusnya telah dilakukan inspeksi pada tahun 2022 karena dari hasil perhitungan diketahui sisa umur shell pertama 5 tahun dan shell kedua 4 tahun dari data inspeksi terakhir tahun 2016, sehingga pada saat PKL (tahun 2023) terdapat kebocoran 30 cm pada shell kedua di bawah roof yang mengaki-batkan unjuk kerja tangki menurun sebesar 1,8375% dari 90,9375 % kapasitas penampung tangki.Untuk menunjang kelancaraan operasi tangki T-111 supaya tidak cepat mengalami korosi diperlukan pemeli-haraan secara rutin dan untuk memperlambat laju korosi dapat dilakukan dengan cara coating dan me-masang catodic protection. Tangki T-111 memiliki beberapa alat safety untuk meminimalisir kerusakan tangki jika mengalami emergency. Pada pengoperasian dan perawatan, operator wajib menggunakan APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) untuk melindunginya dari bahaya dan kecelakaan kerja.
The Efficacy of E-learning in English Tertiary Level Classes: The Case of the Oxford iQ Online Platform
Authors: Alhusban Hamdallah Abdulkarim , Mazen Mazen , Alshehri Norah
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the perspective of Saudi learners at a tertiary level on the role of the Oxford iQ Platform in improving English language skills where English is learned in a foreign language (EFL) context. The purpose of the study was to reveal the frequency of using e-learning components and its impact on developing students' language skills from their point of view. Additionally, it explored the role of gamification especially in learning vocabulary and grammar. Furthermore, the study highlighted some of the challenges faced by the learners while using the platform. The instrument used in the study was a survey which allowed learners to comment on selected questions. It was completed by 2,491 first year participants who belonged to the Humanities, Science, Engineering, and Health tracks. The study found that the learners pointed out the positive impact of the platform on their language skills. The gamification aspects also made learners more engaged, motivated, and built a sense of competition. The intermediate groups across all tracks as well as Science Track students across all proficiency levels expressed a higher level of satisfaction more than other participants. Some of the challenges mentioned by the learners were related to the compatibility of the used browsers with Oxford iQ and the inaccessibility to some of the videos and listening audios.
Konsep Fitrah dan Pengembangannya dalam Perspektif Alquran dan Hadis
Authors: Rosita  , Iskandar  , Barni Mahyuddin
Published: January 2025

Merujuk pada tujuan penelitian dengan menggunakan desain metode kajian literature review yang mana berfokus pada pembahasan mengenai konsep fitrah dan pengembangannya dalam persepektif alquran dan hadis. Dari literature yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa temuan, yaitu: kata fitrah (fathara) yang berarti menciptakan, yaitu untuk menyatakan penciptaan sesuatu, seperti khalaqallahus samawati wal ard dan khalaqal insana min alaq, baik secara al-jism maupun an-nafs, ayat tersebut menggunakan kata khalaqa, artinya menisbatkan pelakunya kepada Allah Swt. Makna fithrah (فطر) juga bisa diartikan kejadian, agama, kesucian, potensi dasar atau tabiat. Dalam pandangan pendidikan Islam fitrah diartikan sebagai potensi manusia yang meliputi kekuatan hidup, akal manusia dan kekuatan spritual keagamaan. Pengembangan fitrah dalam perspektif alquran tidak lepas dari penjelasan ayat alquran dalam QS. Ar-Rum (30): 30 dan penafsirannya memaparkan dengan tegas tentang fitrah manusia, yaitu agar manusia hanya beribadah kepada Allah Swt. Dan beberapa redaksi hadis salah satunya menyebutkan bahwa fitrah berarti kesucian jasmani dan rohani. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan dalam proses perkembangan dapat menjadikan anak tergelincir kearah yang jauh dari ajaran Islam, sebab didikan yang salah. Oleh sebab itu, pengembangan fitrah manusia yang hanif dalam pendidikan Islam, salah satunya yaitu dapat dilakukan dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai dan mengolah potensi fitrah anak. Pendidik juga mampu menjadi fasilator bagi pelaksanaan seluruh pengaktualisasian potensi yang dimiliki anak dan didukung dengan kurikulum yang dapat membina seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia dan disusun berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip.
ANALISIS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DENGAN DISIPLIN ILMU PSIKOLOGI MODERN MELALUI NALURI BERAGAMA
Authors: Rosadi Khumaini , M. Abzar Duraesa
Published: January 2025

Dalam kajian Islam, khususnya pendidikan Islam, artikel ini mengkaji psikologi sebagai bidang keilmuan. Karena psikologi dan pendidikan Islam memiliki banyak ide dan tujuan yang sama ketika mengkaji permasalahan kehidupan yang berbeda, teori psikologi diperlukan agar studi Islam menjadi lebih tepat dan tepat sasaran. Esai ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, artinya ditulis menggunakan metodologi ilmiah kualitatif dan informasi dari perpustakaan. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan yang diambil dalam artikel ini melibatkan eksplorasi berbagai data, termasuk data primer dan sekunder, dengan menggunakan tindakan spesifik berikut ini: membaca dan menganalisis dengan cermat sumber-sumber primer, seperti buku-buku hasil psikologi dan pendidikan Islam. makalah, tesis, atau disertasi terkait. Oleh karena itu, psikologi sebagai ilmu.
The Phenomenological Study on the Graduate School Experiences of Christian Related to Counseling
Authors:   Inst Futur Soc Christ, Park Sung-Chul , Park Jong-Hwan , Zheng Cheng-Zhe
Published: January 2025

This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of christian attending graduate school for counseling. The study participants were 12 christian members currently enrolled in a graduate program at a university in Seoul. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews using a questionnaire.The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis, resulting in approximately 130 significant statements that were organized into 42 concepts. These concepts were then integrated into 17 categories and 6 overarching themes, leading to the following results. First, the study participants entered graduate school with the desire to become professionals who help people both spiritually and psychologically,while maintaining their faith-based values and principles. Despite experiencing emotional difficulties, discomfort, and academic burdens in their graduate studies, they found their growth and development as counselors, psychological understanding and application of faith, and positive perceptions of their aspirations and dreams to be beneficial experiences. Furthermore, the participants recognized the academic value of studying counseling psychology in that it provides a concrete understanding and development of practical aspects in terms of faith,expressing their hope that it can be utilized in church missionary work. However, it was revealed that they recognize the need for more learning opportunities regarding the development of counseling skills and competencies, as well as the integration of faith and counseling, from the perspective of majoring in counseling psychology.
Religion and Health: Interactions Between Physical, Mental, and Social Well-being and Methodological Considerations
Authors:   Inst Futur Soc Christ, Cho Byonghee , Sohn Aeree
Published: January 2025

This study aims to systematically review the relationship between religion and health and derive implications for the Korean context. Religion contributes to health by (1) promoting healthy behaviors such as smoking cessation, moderation in alcohol consumption, and physical activity; (2) reinterpreting stress through religious beliefs, thereby enhancing mental stability and resilience; and (3) expanding social networks and providing support, which improve both physical and mental health.
Research findings indicate that participation in religious activities reduces the risks of major chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders. For example, Mormon men exhibit lower mortality rates from heart disease and cancer compared to non-Mormons, while Mormon women have lower breast cancer incidence due to higher breastfeeding rates and less frequent use of oral contraceptives. Religious teachings encourage individuals to value their bodies, leading to earlier detection and treatment of illnesses and greater adherence to medical care.
Moreover, religious beliefs play a crucial role in supporting healthy behaviors, and activities like prayer and meditation provide mental comfort. Studies on depression suggest that individuals with stronger religious involvement tend to have fewer depressive symptoms, with approximately 60% of related research confirming this negative correlation. Religion enables individuals to reinterpret stress as divine will, fostering positive coping strategies. Religious networks further contribute by enhancing social connections and access to resources that support health.
However, the effects of religion can vary based on cultural and individual differences, and overly strict religious regulations may provoke resistance or adverse reactions. In conclusion, religion extends beyond mere faith to serve as a significant mechanism for promoting healthy behaviors, managing stress, and providing social support, ultimately enhancing overall health.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Transmigran Melalui Intensifkasi Ternak Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Terintegrasi Peningkatan Budaya Literasi, Kesehatan Dan Pendapatan Masyarakat di Kelurahan Tandebura
Authors: Syarifuddin Tundreng , Roslina Roslina , Jannah Raodatul , Naim Rosani , Hafid Harapin , Aku Selamet , Sumarana Nana , Ramlah Ramlah , Amin Muhtar , Salam La Ode Muhammad Aswad , Nursamsir Nursamsir
Published: January 2025

Program Kosabangsa bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan kesehatan masyarakat di Kelurahan Tandebura melalui pemberdayaan dalam manajemen peternakan dan literasi kesehatan. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat terkait peternakan dan tingginya angka stunting. Metode yang digunakan meliputi sosialisasi, pelatihan intensif, penyediaan alat, dan monitoring berkala. Dalam kegiatan ini melibatkan mitra Pemerintah Daerah Kelurahan Tandebura Kecamatan Watubangga, kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara.  Sedangkan kelompok mitra sasaran adalah kelompok Petrenak Harapan Jaya dan Tim PKK Kelurahan Tandebura.  Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam keterampilan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ternak dan pembuatan pupuk organik. Masyarakat juga mulai memahami pentingnya pola makan sehat untuk anak-anak. Infrastruktur seperti pojok baca kesehatan dan fasilitas fermentasi pupuk juga telah terbentuk. Program ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi pemberdayaan serupa di wilayah lain.