bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic signatures improve risk prediction for common and rare diseases
Authors: Carrasco-Zanini Julia , Pietzner Maik , Davitte Jonathan , Surendran Praveen , Croteau-Chonka Damien C. , Robins Chloe , Torralbo Ana , Tomlinson Christopher , Grünschläger Florian , Fitzpatrick Natalie , Ytsma Cai , Kanno Tokuwa , Gade Stephan , Freitag Daniel , Ziebell Frederik , Haas Simon , Denaxas Spiros , Betts Joanna C. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Hemingway Harry , Scott Robert A. , Langenberg Claudia
Published: July 2024

For many diseases there are delays in diagnosis due to a lack of objective biomarkers for disease onset. Here, in 41,931 individuals from the United Kingdom Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, we integrated measurements of ~3,000 plasma proteins with clinical information to derive sparse prediction models for the 10-year incidence of 218 common and rare diseases (81–6,038 cases). We then compared prediction models developed using proteomic data with models developed using either basic clinical information alone or clinical information combined with data from 37 clinical assays. The predictive performance of sparse models including as few as 5 to 20 proteins was superior to the performance of models developed using basic clinical information for 67 pathologically diverse diseases (median delta C-index = 0.07; range = 0.02–0.31). Sparse protein models further outperformed models developed using basic information combined with clinical assay data for 52 diseases, including multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, motor neuron disease, pulmonary fibrosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. For multiple myeloma, single-cell RNA sequencing from bone marrow in newly diagnosed patients showed that four of the five predictor proteins were expressed specifically in plasma cells, consistent with the strong predictive power of these proteins. External replication of sparse protein models in the EPIC-Norfolk study showed good generalizability for prediction of the six diseases tested. These findings show that sparse plasma protein signatures, including both disease-specific proteins and protein predictors shared across several diseases, offer clinically useful prediction of common and rare diseases.
On exploiting nonparametric kernel-based probabilistic machine learning over the large compositional space of high entropy alloys for optimal nanoscale ballistics
Authors: Gupta K. K. , Barman S. , Dey S. , Naskar S. , Mukhopadhyay T.
Published: July 2024

The large compositional space of high entropy alloys (HEA) often presents significant challenges in comprehensively deducing the critical influence of atomic composition on their mechanical responses. We propose an efficient nonparametric kernel-based probabilistic computational mapping to obtain the optimal composition of HEAs under ballistic conditions by exploiting the emerging capabilities of machine learning (ML) coupled with molecular-level simulations. Compared to conventional ML models, the present Gaussian approach is a Bayesian paradigm that can have several advantages, including small training datasets concerning computationally intensive simulations and the ability to provide uncertainty measurements of molecular dynamics simulations therein. The data-driven analysis reveals that a lower concentration of Ni with a higher concentration of Al leads to higher dissipation of kinetic energy and lower residual velocity, but with higher penetration depth of the projectile. To deal with such conflicting computationally intensive functional objectives, the ML-based simulation framework is further extended in conjunction with multi-objective genetic algorithm for identifying the critical elemental compositions to enhance kinetic energy dissipation with minimal penetration depth and residual velocity of the projectile simultaneously. The computational framework proposed here is generic in nature, and it can be extended to other HEAs with a range of non-aligned multi-physical property demands.
Circulating extracellular vesicular microRNA signatures in early gestation show an association with subsequent clinical features of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Ghosh Shubhamoy , Thamotharan Shanthie , Fong Jeanette , Lei Margarida Y. Y. , Janzen Carla , Devaskar Sherin U.
Published: July 2024

In a prospective cohort of subjects who subsequently developed preeclampsia (PE, n = 14) versus remaining healthy (NORM, n = 12), early gestation circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a panel of microRNA signatures were characterized and their biological networks of targets deciphered. Multiple microRNAs of which some arose from the placenta (19MC and 14MC) demonstrated changes in association with advancing gestation, while others expressed were pathognomonic of the subsequent development of characteristic clinical features of PE which set in as a late-onset subtype. This panel of miRNAs demonstrated a predictability with an area under the curve of 0.96 using leave-one-out cross-validation training in a logistic regression model with elastic-net regularization and precautions against overfitting. In addition, this panel of miRNAs, some of which were previously detected in either placental tissue or as maternal cell-free non-coding transcripts, lent further validation to our EV studies and the observed association with PE. Further, the identified biological networks of targets of these detected miRNAs revealed biological functions related to vascular remodeling, cellular proliferation, growth, VEGF, EGF and the PIP3/Akt signaling pathways, all mediating key cellular functions. We conclude that we have demonstrated a proof-of-principle by detecting a panel of EV packaged miRNAs in the maternal circulation early in gestation with possibilities of biological function in the placenta and other maternal tissues, along with the probability of predicting the subsequent clinical appearance of PE, particularly the late-onset subtype.
Reconciling shared versus context-specific information in a neural network model of latent causes
Authors: Lu Qihong , Nguyen Tan T. , Zhang Qiong , Hasson Uri , Griffiths Thomas L. , Zacks Jeffrey M. , Gershman Samuel J. , Norman Kenneth A.
Published: July 2024

It has been proposed that, when processing a stream of events, humans divide their experiences in terms of inferred latent causes (LCs) to support context-dependent learning. However, when shared structure is present across contexts, it is still unclear how the “splitting” of LCs and learning of shared structure can be simultaneously achieved. Here, we present the Latent Cause Network (LCNet), a neural network model of LC inference. Through learning, it naturally stores structure that is shared across tasks in the network weights. Additionally, it represents context-specific structure using a context module, controlled by a Bayesian nonparametric inference algorithm, which assigns a unique context vector for each inferred LC. Across three simulations, we found that LCNet could (1) extract shared structure across LCs in a function learning task while avoiding catastrophic interference, (2) capture human data on curriculum effects in schema learning, and (3) infer the underlying event structure when processing naturalistic videos of daily events. Overall, these results demonstrate a computationally feasible approach to reconciling shared structure and context-specific structure in a model of LCs that is scalable from laboratory experiment settings to naturalistic settings.
Structure based functional identification of an uncharacterized protein from Coxiella burnetii involved in adipogenesis
Authors: Mamun Tajul Islam , Bourhia Mohammed , Neoaj Taufiq , Akash Shopnil , Azad Md. A. K. , Hossain Md. Sarowar , Rahman Md. Masudur , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Ibenmoussa Samir , Sitotaw Baye
Published: July 2024

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an intracellular pathogen posing a significant global public health threat. There is a pressing need for dependable and effective treatments, alongside an urgency for further research into the molecular characterization of its genome. Within the genomic landscape of Coxiella burnetii, numerous hypothetical proteins remain unidentified, underscoring the necessity for in-depth study. In this study, we conducted comprehensive in silico analyses to identify and prioritize potential hypothetical protein of Coxiella burnetii, aiming to elucidate the structure and function of uncharacterized protein. Furthermore, we delved into the physicochemical properties, localization, and molecular dynamics and simulations, and assessed the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures employing a variety of bioinformatics tools. The in-silico analysis revealed that the uncharacterized protein contains a conserved Mth938-like domain, suggesting a role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Subcellular localization predictions indicated its presence in the cytoplasm, implicating a significant role in cellular processes. Virtual screening identified ligands with high binding affinities, suggesting the protein’s potential as a drug target against Q fever. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these complexes, indicating their therapeutic relevance. The findings provide a structural and functional overview of an uncharacterized protein from C. burnetii, implicating it in adipogenesis. This study underscores the power of in-silico approaches in uncovering the biological roles of uncharacterized proteins and facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. The findings provide valuable preliminary data for further investigation into the protein’s role in adipogenesis.
Energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using multi-strategy fusion snake optimizer and minimum spanning tree
Authors: Yang Le , Zhang Damin , Li Lun , He Qing
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the widespread adoption of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has resulted in the growing integration of the internet of things (IoT). However, WSN encounters limitations related to energy and sensor node lifespan, making the development of an efficient routing protocol a critical concern. Cluster technology offers a promising solution to this challenge. This study introduces a novel cluster routing protocol for WSN. The system selects cluster heads and relay nodes utilizing the multi-strategy fusion snake optimizer (MSSO) and employs the minimum spanning tree algorithm for inter-cluster routing planning, thereby extending the system’s lifecycle and conserving network energy. In pursuit of an optimal clustering scheme, the paper also introduces tactics involving dynamic parameter updating, adaptive alpha mutation, and bi-directional search optimization within MSSO. These techniques significantly increase the algorithm convergence speed and expand the available search space. Furthermore, a novel efficient clustering routing model for WSN is presented. The model generates different objective functions for selecting cluster heads and relay nodes, considering factors such as location, energy, base station distance, intra-cluster compactness, inter-cluster separation, and other relevant criteria. When selecting cluster heads, the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is integrated into MSSO to improve the optimization performance of the algorithm. When planning inter-cluster routing, the next hop node is selected for the relay node based on distance, residual energy, and direction.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protocol reduces energy consumption by at least 26.64% compared to other cluster routing protocols including LEACH, ESO, EEWC, GWO, and EECHS-ISSADE. Additionally, it increases the network lifetime of WSN by at least 25.84%, extends the stable period by at least 52.43%, and boosts the network throughput by at least 40.99%.
Resonant noise amplification in a predator-prey model with quasi-discrete generations
Authors: Giannakou M. , Waclaw B.
Published: July 2024

Predator-prey models have been shown to exhibit resonance-like behaviour, in which random fluctuations in the number of organisms (demographic noise) are amplified when their frequency is close to the natural oscillatory frequency of the system. This behaviour has been traditionally studied in models with exponentially distributed replication and death times. Here we consider a biologically more realistic model, in which organisms replicate quasi-synchronously such that the distribution of replication times has a narrow maximum at some $$T>0$$

T
>
0

corresponding to the mean doubling time. We show that when the frequency of replication $$f=1/T$$

f
=
1
/
T

is tuned to the natural oscillatory frequency of the predator-prey model, the system exhibits oscillations that are much stronger than in the model with Poissonian (non-synchronous) replication and death. These oscillations lead to population instability and the extinction of one of the species much sooner than in the case of Poissonian replication. The effect can be explained by resonant amplification of coloured noise generated by quasi-synchronous replication events.
Dynamics of PM2.5 and network activity during extreme pollution events
Authors: Bashan Nail F. , Li Weiyu , Wang Qi R.
Published: July 2024

In an era where air pollution poses a significant threat to both the environment and public health, we present a network-based approach to unravel the dynamics of extreme pollution events. Leveraging data from 741 monitoring stations in the contiguous United States, we have created dynamic networks using time-lagged correlations of hourly particulate matter (PM2.5) data. The established spatial correlation networks reveal significant PM2.5 anomalies during the 2020 and 2021 wildfire seasons, demonstrating the approach’s sensitivity to detecting regional pollution phenomena. The methodology also provides insights into smoke transport and network response, highlighting the persistence of air quality issues beyond visible smoke periods. Additionally, we explored meteorological variables’ impacts on network connectivity. This study enhances understanding of spatiotemporal pollution patterns, positioning spatial correlation networks as valuable tools for environmental monitoring and public health surveillance.
A unique warm–water oasis in the Siberian Arctic’s Chaun Bay sustained by hydrothermal groundwater discharge
Authors: Charkin Alexander N. , Kosobokova Ksenia N. , Ershova Elizaveta A. , Syomin Vitaly L. , Kolbasova Glafira D. , Semkin Pavel Yu. , Leusov Andrey E. , Dudarev Oleg V. , Gulenko Timofey A. , Yaroshchuk Elena I. , Startsev Anatoly M. , Fayman Pavel A. , Krasikov Vladislav A. , Zverev Sergey A. , Bessonova Elena A. , Ulyantsev Alexander S. , Elovsky Evgeny V. , Yurikova Daria A. , Kobyakov Kirill A. , Zimina Olga L. , Gerasimova Alexandra V. , Tishchenko Peter P. , Didov Alexander A.
Published: July 2024

Chaun Bay, located on the fringe of the East Siberian Sea, has been described since the mid-20th century to support a unique marine ecosystem that is atypical for the local Siberian Arctic. Here we use ship-board physical, biogeochemical and geological measurements taken in October 2020, along with hydrographic observations taken from land-fast ice in April 2023, to demonstrate that these warm-water biological communities are supported by hydrothermal submarine groundwater discharge that delivers heat, salinity, nutrients, and trace elements to the bay. We identify a cyclonic eddy that mixes the warm nutrient-rich groundwater with oxygen-rich surface water, resulting in a water mass within Chaun Bay that has similar physical and chemical properties to the highly productive waters of the North Pacific and Southern Chukchi Sea. The bay showed elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a and zooplankton, and the abundance and species diversity of epibenthos significantly exceeded values observed elsewhere in the East Siberian Sea. The benthic communities contained a number of boreal species that are not typically found in the Arctic Ocean. We also observed Thysanoessa krill populations, a pelagic species generally considered an expatriate in Arctic waters.
A megaton-scale industrial demonstration study on hydrothermal mineralization enabled silty waste upcycling
Authors: Du Yao , Liu Chuang , Qiu Qihan , Zhang Haidong , Li Bo , Chen Xincai , Lou Honghai , Zeng Qiang
Published: July 2024

The continual large-scale urbanization and urban renewal in coastal cities of China have accumulated massive silty residue (SR) that may alter the coastal lines and always exerts high stresses to local environments. To meet China’s sustainable development policy, the need for green and high-efficient industrial treatments and reuse of SR is urgent. In this work, we may, for the first time, report a megaton-scale industrial project to upcycle low-quality SR and recycled aggregate (RA) to manufacture construction materials with hydrothermal mineralization (HM). In-situ pilot tests on five batches of SR-RA blocks were conducted. Results demonstrate that the produced blocks possess the compressive strengths of 11.4–15.8 MPa, densities of 1280–1430 kg/m3, porosities of 35–44%, CO2 emissions of 170.22–187.29 kg e-CO2/m3 and costs of 126.49–156.51 CNY/m3, comparable with or superior than the commercial blocks. The silica in SR could react with lime to produce tobermorite with stable pseudohexagonal plate under HM treatment, which improved the microstructure of the material. The findings validate the industrial practicability of upcycling low-quality SR and RA with HM for valuable construction block manufacture.
Fam134c and Fam134b shape axonal endoplasmic reticulum architecture in vivo
Authors: Iavarone Francescopaolo , Zaninello Marta , Perrone Michela , Monaco Mariagrazia , Barth Esther , Gaedke Felix , Pizzo Maria Teresa , Di Lorenzo Giorgia , Desiderio Vincenzo , Sommella Eduardo , Merciai Fabrizio , Salviati Emanuela , Campiglia Pietro , Luongo Livio , De Leonibus Elvira , Rugarli Elena , Settembre Carmine
Published: July 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remodeling is vital for cellular organization. ER-phagy, a selective autophagy targeting ER, plays an important role in maintaining ER morphology and function. The FAM134 protein family, including FAM134A, FAM134B, and FAM134C, mediates ER-phagy. While FAM134B mutations are linked to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy in humans, the physiological role of the other FAM134 proteins remains unknown. To address this, we investigate the roles of FAM134 proteins using single and combined knockouts (KOs) in mice. Single KOs in young mice show no major phenotypes; however, combined Fam134b and Fam134c deletion (Fam134b/cdKO), but not the combination including Fam134a deletion, leads to rapid neuromuscular and somatosensory degeneration, resulting in premature death. Fam134b/cdKO mice show rapid loss of motor and sensory axons in the peripheral nervous system. Long axons from Fam134b/cdKO mice exhibit expanded tubular ER with a transverse ladder-like appearance, whereas no obvious abnormalities are present in cortical ER. Our study unveils the critical roles of FAM134C and FAM134B in the formation of tubular ER network in axons of both motor and sensory neurons.
Dysfunctional VLDL metabolism in MASLD
Authors: Marigorta Urko M. , Millet Oscar , Lu Shelly C. , Mato José M.
Published: July 2024

Lipidomics has unveiled the intricate human lipidome, emphasizing the extensive diversity within lipid classes in mammalian tissues critical for cellular functions. This diversity poses a challenge in maintaining a delicate balance between adaptability to recurring physiological changes and overall stability. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), linked to factors such as obesity and diabetes, stems from a compromise in the structural and functional stability of the liver within the complexities of lipid metabolism. This compromise inaccurately senses an increase in energy status, such as during fasting-feeding cycles or an upsurge in lipogenesis. Serum lipidomic studies have delineated three distinct metabolic phenotypes, or “metabotypes” in MASLD. MASLD-A is characterized by lower very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and triglyceride (TG) levels, associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In contrast, MASLD-C exhibits increased VLDL secretion and TG levels, correlating with elevated CVD risk. An intermediate subtype, with a blend of features, is designated as the MASLD-B metabotype. In this perspective, we examine into recent findings that show the multifaceted regulation of VLDL secretion by S-adenosylmethionine, the primary cellular methyl donor. Furthermore, we explore the differential CVD and hepatic cancer risk across MASLD metabotypes and discuss the context and potential paths forward to gear the findings from genetic studies towards a better understanding of the observed heterogeneity in MASLD.
Concepts of Dehydration and Drying for Small-scale Food Processors
Authors: Mercer Donald G
Published: July 2024

Looking for instructional material to help extend the shelf life of your crops? Look no further.

Drying is one of the main preservation techniques available for extending the useful storage life of food products such as fruits and vegetables. Its origins pre-date recorded history and it can be performed on a small-scale without the need for massive quantities of fruits and vegetables and continuous conveyor belt dryers. By providing explanations of the basic concepts of food drying and techniques useable at the small-scale, this book outlines why various procedures in the process are followed. Coverage includes:

This book is written in a non-scientific style that would be suitable for food processors and urban gardeners amongst others. Whether you are drying food at home or as a small-scale producer, you will find information to help you extend the shelf life of your crops and foods in this book.
Investigating the behavior of diffusion models for accelerating electronic structure calculations
Authors: Rothchild Daniel , Rosen Andrew S. , Taw Eric , Robinson Connie , Gonzalez Joseph E. , Krishnapriyan Aditi S.
Published: July 2024

For organic molecules, diffusion models learn about the shape of the potential energy surface near local minima, even when trained only on geometries at the local minimum.
Molecular basis for non-invasive diagnostics of cardiac amyloids using bone tracers
Authors: Lewkowicz Emily , Jayaraman Shobini , Gursky Olga
Published: July 2024

Cardiac deposition of amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) can be lethal. Radioactive bone tracers like Tc-labeled diphosphonates (yellow) are taken up by ATTR fibrils (gray). Acidic residue arrays (red) can bind calcium (blue) that can bind tracers.
A dual DNA-binding conjugate that selectively recognizes G-quadruplex structures
Authors: Ooga Mitsuharu , Sahayasheela Vinodh J. , Hirose Yuki , Sasaki Daisuke , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

The hybrid compounds we synthesized can recognize both a G-quadruplex (G4) structure and its proximal duplex region concurrently, which enables the selective recognition of a specific G4.
A H2@C601H NMR probe for sensitively detecting the supramolecular interactions between a molecular tweezer and C60
Authors: He Yixing , Yu Zhi , Jiang Yanzi , Zhu Jinjie , Yao Selina X. , Liang Wenjie , Diederich François , Saunders Martin , Xu Hai
Published: July 2024

Herein, we firstly utilized H2@C60 to monitor the supramolecular interaction between a pH-driven resorcin[4]arene molecular tweezer and C60 with a notable 1H NMR chemical shift change (ca. 0.34 ppm).
Fabrication of oxygen vacancy-rich BiO2−x/multi-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced photothermal catalytic antibacterial performance
Authors: Wang Aijia , Wang Shuyun , Zhang Chen , Luo Haopeng , Chen Zihan , Jiang Fang , Chen Huan
Published: July 2024

A composite material of oxygen-rich vacancy BiO2−x and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (BiO2−x/CNTs) was prepared for killing E. coli under NIR light.
Complexation and conjugation between phenolic compounds and proteins: mechanisms, characterisation and applications as novel encapsulants
Authors: Wang Bo , Pham Loc B. , Adhikari Benu
Published: July 2024

Food phenolic compounds (PCs) and proteins interact and react via non-covalent and covalent routes to form phenolic compound–protein (PCP) complexes and conjugates.
Optimized microfluidic formulation and organic excipients for improved lipid nanoparticle mediated genome editing
Authors: Palanki Rohan , Han Emily L. , Murray Amanda M. , Maganti Rohin , Tang Sophia , Swingle Kelsey L. , Kim Dongyoon , Yamagata Hannah , Safford Hannah C. , Mrksich Kaitlin , Peranteau William H. , Mitchell Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Our work elucidates the importance of LNP formulation parameters, including microfluidic flow rate and organic excipient identity, for in vivo gene editing and presents an optimized delivery platform for the treatment of metabolic liver disease.
Tunable synaptic behaviors of solution-processed InGaO films for artificial visual systems
Authors: Li Pengsheng , Song Honglin , Sa Zixu , Liu Fengjing , Wang Mingxu , Wang Guangcan , Wan Junchen , Zang Zeqi , Jiang Jie , Yang Zai-xing
Published: July 2024

Large-scale, uniformly distributed amorphous InGaO thin films are prepared by a low-cost environmentally friendly solution process for constructing artificial visual systems.
Self-diffusion and shear viscosity of pure 1-alkanol unary system: molecular dynamics simulation and review of experimental data
Authors: Jaradat Adnan , Al-Salman Rakan , Obeidat Abdalla
Published: July 2024

Self-diffusion coefficients and shear viscosity coefficients of pure 1-alkanol liquids from methanol to 1-hexanol were predicted using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Two-dimensional architecture of N,S-codoped nanocarbon composites embedding few-layer MoS2 for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Ren Jintao , Yang Dandan , Chen Lei , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: July 2024

Two-dimensional hybrid nanosheets with intimately coupled carbon substrate and few-layer MoS2 are prepared through a universal pyrolysis method, exhibiting a high capacity of 781 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 for lithium ion batteries.
Degradation of humic acid by UV/PMS: process comparison, influencing factors, and degradation mechanism
Authors: Shen Qingchao , Song Xiaosan , Fan Jishuo , Chen Cheng , Guo Zili
Published: July 2024

UV/PMS degradation mechanism of humic acid in water.
Host-design strategies of zinc anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuanyu , Ruan Tingting , Xu Jie , Li Chenhao , Huang Shixuan , Zhou Jianping , Lu Shengli , Song Rensheng , Li Ruhong
Published: July 2024

Host-design optimization strategies for zinc anode are systematically summarized. Reasonable structural regulation can control interfacial mass transfer, uniform zinc nucleation, and regulate crystal growth, thereby stabilizing the zinc anode.
Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the roots of Casearia barteri Mast.
Authors: Tabekoueng Georges Bellier , Fomo Fozing Franck Armand , Mas-Claret Eduard , Langat Moses K. , Frese Marcel , Bissoue Achille Nouga , Wansi Jean Duplex , Kamdem Waffo Alain François , Sewald Norbert , Lenta Bruno Ndjakou
Published: July 2024

A study of diterpenoids as active ingredients against cancer from the active roots extract of Casearia barteri Mast.
The influence of Michael acceptors on the structural reactivity of renewable fuels
Authors: Deehan Timothy , Hellier Paul , Ladommatos Nicos
Published: July 2024

Decarbonising heavy-duty transport relies on understanding how chemical structures present in biomass may improve the combustion of otherwise overlooked biofuels.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated aromatic molecules using a molecular palladium catalyst covalently bound to a solid SiO2 support
Authors: Tillou Jake G. , Kuchta Joseph J. , Thornburg Nathan , Balijepalli Santosh K. , Vannucci Aaron K.
Published: July 2024

Completely selective hydrodeoxygenation achieved using a hybrid molecular/heterogeneous catalyst.
N/O coordinated s-block potassium atoms as highly active sites for electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Qu Yafei , Wang Peichen , Zheng Wei , Duan Naiyuan , Yang Yang , Hou Tianxin , Bi Chenyang , Wang Dongdong , Chen Qianwang
Published: July 2024

The synthesized K–N, O/C catalyst demonstrates remarkable CO selectivity with over 90% Faraday efficiency (FE) in a wide potential window between −0.5 V and −0.9 V vs. RHE and the FE of CO is nearly unchanged during 24 h stability experiment.
A smart microporous block copolymer membrane containing fluorescent europium complexes reports drug release through fluorescence changes
Authors: Xu Rui , Wang Jingjing , Li Zengkun , Wang Boying , Shen Wenfei , Wang Yao , Wang Wei , Wang Yanxin , Li Jun , Snow Christopher D. , Kipper Matt J. , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo
Published: July 2024

A novel microporous fluorescence membrane of PS-b-PAA doped with Eu3+-complexes and loaded with piperine was developed. It can display the drug content as fluorescence intensity, and can both cure wounds and track drug release.
Evaluation analysis of electromagnetic wave absorption for self-assembled 3D graphene skeleton-supported BN/SiC composites
Authors: Zhang Qiuqi , You Xiao , Ouyang Huiying , Yang Yuanhang , Xing Zhenzhong , Gu Haodong , Tian Li , Shan Qingliang , Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Jinshan , Dong Shaoming
Published: July 2024

A 3D-graphene/BN/SiC microwave absorber with a hierarchical structure is prepared, whose absorbing performance can be easily regulated by oxidizing in air.
The Development of Gesture Skills in Chinese Autistic Children: The Predictive Roles of Age and Language Ability
Authors: Zhang Xin , Song Xue-Ke , So Wing-Chee
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Gesture delay in autistic infants and toddlers has been widely reported. The developmental trajectory of gesture production during early childhood is understudied. Thus, little is known about the possible changes of gesture production over time. The present study aimed to document the development of gesture production in autistic children and examine whether child-based factors (chronological age and initial language skills) predicted gesture development.

Method:

A total of 33 Chinese-speaking autistic children (
M
age
= 56.39 months,
SD
= 8.54 months) played with their parents at four time points over a 9-month period. Their speech was transcribed, and their gestures were coded from parent–child interaction. Multilevel modeling analysis was used to investigate the development of gesture and its associated factors.

Results:

The total number of gestures produced by autistic children decreased over time. Among different factors, children's initial age significantly and negatively predicted children's gesture production, while initial language positively predicted children's gesture production.

Conclusions:

Gesture delay persists in preschool age. The decline in gesture production was associated with children's age and initial language ability. These findings shed light on the difficulties surrounding gesture use in autistic children.
Equality‐embedded augmented Lagrangian neural network for DC optimal power flow
Authors: Han Jiayu , Yang Chao , Yan Lei , Niu Mengyang , Zhang Yupeng , Yang Cheng
Published: July 2024

Direct current optimal power flow (DC‐OPF) problems need to be solved more frequently to maintain safety and economic power system operation. Traditional solvers take too much time to get optimal results. To overcome it, a new self‐supervised augmented Lagrangian neural network (ALNN) is proposed to solve DC‐OPF problem. The proposed ALNN consists of two neural networks: the control net and the penalty net. The control net predicts active power of generators; the penalty net updates the Lagrangian multipliers. The equality constraints are embedded into the control net to guarantee no equality violations. The generalized reduced gradient method is used to reduce theviolations of inequality constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated on IEEE 118‐bus. The results show that with the help of equality embedding, the equality constraints are always satisfied, which in turn improves the feasibility of ALNN. Compared to the state‐of‐art models, the proposed model has higher feasibility and less constraint violations without comprising optimality. What is more, most of the inactive constraints can be found during the training process and then they are used to speed up the post‐processing part.
Optimized DBN‐based control scheme for power quality enhancement in a microgrid cluster connected with renewable energy system
Authors: Sivakumar Narendiran , Selvaraj Jaisiva , Jayaprakash Karthika , Fante Kinde Anlay
Published: July 2024

The increasing energy consumption and changing load variations place a significant burden on the sophisticated utility grid, which affects the source's dependability and quality. Researchers examining modern power networks must focus on those factors to prevent grid breakdowns. Superior power quality (PQ) is still intended to make sure everything runs smoothly under diverse organizations. The main cause of PQ problems, however, is now renewable energy used in power electronic converters that are integrated into the electrical grid. Even though new, better solutions are still being developed, adhering to international standards have been strongly advised. Consequently, microgrid clusters powered through renewable energy and incorporating multiple structures in an urban area has been proposed in this paper. This increases the dependability of the power sources by managing the energy that is available inside the cluster instead of having it focused around the utility grid. Additionally, a deep belief network model based on Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization is recommended for regulating the inverter by generating optimal pulse‐width modulated signals that increases the quality of the power supplies. When compared to other conventional techniques, the suggested technique possesses less real power and reactive power setting duration of 0.8 ms and 0.75 ms, respectively.
Xanthan gum production using Xanthomonas campestris B6720: Fermentation process and application in fermented soymilk
Authors: Asase Richard , Seredovich Dimitriy , Selezneva Irina , Glukhareva Tatiana
Published: July 2024

The production of xanthan gum using Xanthomonas campestris B6720 was investigated. The fermentation process, encompassing substrate consumption, bacteria growth, gum yield, explored and compared the produced gum with a commercially gum using FTIR. The study also explored application of xanthan gum in fermented soymilk. Investigating the addition of xanthan gum to fermented soymilk aims to assess its impact on sensory attributes, microbial stability, and overall stability of the product during storage. About 8.837 ±0.199 g/L of xanthan gum was obtained and 7.093 ±0.267 g/L of reducing sugars residuals at the end of the fermentation period. FTIR results revealed the similarities between the gum produced and the commercial gum. The inclusion of 0.020% of xanthan gum could have a positive effect on the physicochemical and microbial stability of fermented soymilk during storage and hence increasing consumer acceptability. The findings from this research hold promise for optimizing the production of xanthan gum using
X. campestris B6720 and offer insights into its potential application in enhancing the sensory attributes and stability of fermented soymilk. This could have significant implications for the food industry, providing a valuable avenue for the utilization of xanthan gum as a functional ingredient in dairy alternative products.
Standard and experimental drilling fluids’ effect on the response of the larvae of bivalve Hiatella sp.
Authors: Malavenda Sergey , Martynova Daria , Belukhin Alexander
Published: July 2024

Behavior of the larvae of common genus of marine bivalve mollusk Hiatella sp. was tested at the presence of the standard drilling fluid and the water-based drilling fluid containing brown alga Saccharina latissima as biodegradable component. Standard drilling fluid (based on polyanionic cellulose and xanthan gum) is currently used at Prirazlomnaya offshore ice-resistant oil platform. A series of experiments have been performed with live larvae (young and elder stages, ~250 µm and ~350 µm, respectively) at 6.7 and 20 mL/L concentrations of the drilling fluids and in control. Larvae tended to spend more time with closed valves when exposed to standard drilling fluid. Larvae exposed to drilling fluid with Saccharina latissima extract were characterized by significantly higher activity comparing both to control group and to standard drilling fluid solution. Elder larvae were more sensitive to standard drilling fluid, being under stress from the very beginning of the experiment (3 hours of exposure) to the end (48 hours of exposure + 24 hours in native sea water). Young larvae tend to be more resistant both to standard drilling fluid and drilling fluid with Saccharina latissima extract; this may promote their better survival. Possible biological consequences of using natural and environmentally friendly extract of brown algae on pelagic larvae of benthic species is discussed.
Modulating effect of irisin on the functional state of inhibitory afferent inputs to the suprachiasmatic nucleus from the arcuate nucleus
Authors: Inyushkin Alexey , Pavlenko Snezhanna , Isakova Tatiana , Konashenkova Anastasia , Inyushkina Elena
Published: July 2024

In vitro experiments on viable hypothalamic slices of male Wistar rats, the modulating effect of the myokine irisin on the parameters of inhibitory responses of neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to stimulation of the arcuate nucleus was studied. In 25% of cases, applications of 4 nM irisin caused a qualitative change in reactions, expressed in the appearance of a new reaction phase, or in the disappearance of a pre-existing inhibitory phase. In remaining cases, there was a quantitative change in the inhibitory response to stimulation in the form of a decrease in its duration. The reactions were characterized by complete reversibility: 15 minutes after “washing” the slice from irisin with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, the parameters of inhibitory reactions did not differ from the initial ones. The results obtained show that in addition to directly influencing the spike activity of neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, irisin has an indirect effect on the circadian biological clock, modulating the functional state of inhibitory afferent inputs from the region of the arcuate nucleus.
Economic security through technological advancements in agriculture: A pathway to sustainable agro-industrial growth
Authors: Nazarov Anton , Kulikova Elena , Molokova Elena
Published: July 2024

The agro-industrial complex plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security, economic stability, and sustainable development. As global challenges such as climate change, population growth, and resource depletion intensify, the need for innovative technological solutions in agriculture becomes increasingly critical. This article explores the multifaceted relationship between economic security and technological advancements in the agro-industrial sector. It examines how emerging technologies, including precision farming, biotechnology, and digital agriculture, can enhance productivity, optimize resource use, and mitigate environmental impacts. By integrating advanced technologies, agro-industrial systems can achieve greater efficiency and resilience, thus securing economic benefits for both producers and consumers. The study highlights case examples where technological interventions have successfully transformed agricultural practices, leading to improved crop yields, reduced waste, and increased profitability. Additionally, it addresses the socio-economic implications of adopting these technologies, emphasizing the importance of supporting smallholder farmers and ensuring equitable access to innovations. The findings suggest that a strategic approach to incorporating technological advancements in agriculture can create a sustainable pathway for agro-industrial growth, fostering economic security and contributing to broader socio-economic development goals. This article provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the complexities of modern agriculture and build a resilient, future-ready agro-industrial complex.
Content analysis of anticancer drugs of the pharmaceutical market of the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Meliboeva Shokhista , Boltaev Mizrob , Narzulaeva Umida
Published: July 2024

In the article, the analysis of anti-cancer drugs: 2018 №22, 2019 №23, 2020 №24, 2021 №25, 2022 №26 in the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the State Registers of drugs and medical products and drug forms was carried out. The results of the distribution of the dynamics of penetration of anticancer drugs into the pharmaceutical market by producing countries are presented. From this article, we can conclude that although the production of anti-cancer drugs has increased in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, the number of drugs imported from abroad and the Commonwealth of Independent States has also increased.
Prognostic significance of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of nephropathy in diabetes mellitius II type
Authors: Akhmedova Nilufar , Sulaymanova Gulnoza , Boltayev Kamol
Published: July 2024

Clinical and laboratory markers evaluating the development of nephropathy were studied in 62 patients in the compensation period of type II diabetes. A comparative analysis of the relationship between the results of laboratory biomarkers and the duration of the disease was carried out. 62 patients (including 30 men, 32 women) in the compensation stage of type II diabetes were involved in the research work. Their average age is 48.4 ± 1.2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 154.1 ± 1.8 and 99.8 ± 1.5 mmHg, respectively. above average blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin values were 8.4 ± 1.6 mmol/l and 8.0 ± 1.5%, respectively. All patients had an average GFR of 71.8 mL/min or more per 1 minute per 1.73 m 2 body surface area. The results of the analysis showed that in the early years of diabetes, patients had a clear nephrinuria, without the appearance of clinical symptoms of nephropathy. Currently, MAU is detected in the 3-4th year of the disease. Hyperfiltration was observed in 30.6% of patients, and 24.1% of these patients had no renal functional reserve at all during the 4-5 years of the disease.
Nutritional status analysis in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Abdullaeva Umida , Ismatova Mekhriniso , Mukhamedjanova Mastura , Safarova Gulnoz , Ubaydova Dilafruz , Jumaeva Madina
Published: July 2024

The study included 128 patients treated ulcerative colitis in the Gastroenterology Department of Bukhara regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center during 2021-2023 and 20 health professionals as a control group. Nutritional status has been studied in patients with ulcerative colitis on the basis of anthropometry. When nutritional indicators were analyzed in patients with ulcerative colitis, depending on the activity levels of the disease, it was noted that the incidence of the disease is obvious, that is, in the type of high activity, all indicators are relatively low.
Assessment of the severity of ulcerative colitis: An effective pathway from invasive to non-invasive diagnosis
Authors: Abdullayeva Umida , Ismatova Mekhriniso , Ubaydova Dilafruz , Jumaeva Madina , Narzullaeva Dildora , Ergashov Bobir
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the Diagnostic and prognostic importance of TGF-β2 in patients with ulcerative colitis with different severity. The study received 82 patients with stasionar and outpatient treated ulcerative colitis in the Gastroenterology Department of Bukhara regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center during 2021-2023 and 20 health professionals as a control group. Patients were diagnosed with serum immunoferment analysis using IL-6 and TGF-β2, and its importance was studied. The results of the study showed an increase in IL-6 and a decrease in TGF-β2 in severe types of ulcerative colitis, and found that it could be used in diagnosis as a poor prognostic marker.
Clinical changes in the gastrointestinal system as a result of the influence of Covid-19
Authors: Nurbayev Farmon
Published: July 2024

Research shows that, in addition to primarily presenting as a lung infection, coronavirus infections have been re-established to have significant extrapulmonary complications that affect multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were noted to have clinical manifestations such as anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. As the active period of the disease increased, the symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract became more apparent, especially the high rate of patients hospitalized with symptoms of anorexia was 41.7%. Our study showed that patients with COVID-19 showed gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea (25%), anorexia (41.7%) and nausea (18.3%), abdominal pain (15%).
Significance of HLA-associated genetic factors for primary prevention in the development of type 1 Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sherov U.N. , Badrdinova B.K. , Akhmedova Sh.M. , Rizaeva M.A. , Zhurakulova Z.A.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, diabetes mellitus remains one of the most pressing problems in clinical medicine. Along with, this scientific research illustrates this is due to its wide distribution, the severity of complications, and the lack of clear ideas about the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease so far. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM type 1) is 20% of the total incidence of diabetes in the population. However, this form of the disease has a particularly high social significance, since it develops at a young age, and its numerous complications, especially vascular ones, affect patients in the most socially active period of their lives. In this regard, the urgent task of clinical medicine is the timely diagnosis and prevention of this disease, the successful solution of which depends primarily on the skillful use of modern diagnostic tools. In recent years, in connection with scientific and technological progress, it has become possible, on the basis of immunophenotyping, to determine the risk of a person's predisposition to many pathological conditions, including type 1 diabetes.
Comparison of Clinical Endotracheal Tube Depths with Standard Estimates for the Stabilization of Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Young Allison C. , Hagan Joseph L. , Parmekar Shweta S. , Ketwaroo Pamela M. , Sundgren Nathan C.
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare the clinical endotracheal tube (ETT) depth after initial stabilization of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to weight and gestational age-based depth estimates.

Study Design This retrospective analysis included 58 inborn infants with left-sided CDH. We compared a standard anatomic ETT depth calculated from initial chest radiographs and the clinical depth of the ETT after adjustments to predicted depths using weight and gestational age-based estimates.

Results The standard anatomic depth was deeper than age (standard deviation 1.29 ± 1.15 cm, p < 0.001) and weight-based (standard deviation 0.59 ± 0.95 cm, p < 0.001) estimates. The clinical ETT depth was also deeper than age (standard deviation 1.01 ± 0.77 cm, p < 0.001) and weight-based (standard deviation 0.26 ± 0.50 cm, p < 0.001) estimates.

Conclusion Established strategies to predict ETT depth underestimate the ideal depth in infants with left-sided CDH. These data suggest utilizing caution during initial ETT placement based on standard depth estimates for patients with CDH.

Key Points