bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES TO MORINGA-BANANA PEEL-MAIZE STALK FERTILIZER AND GRAIN YIELD MODELLING
Authors: Lawal Oluwafemi Oluwatosin , Moji Yusuf T. , Mashood Aliyu O. , Olowoake A. , Kayode Subair S. , Babatunde Nofiu N.
Published: August 2022

Background. Low soil nutrient limit maize production in Nigeria, and inorganic fertilizer used in augmenting yield are expensive and hazardous. Objective. In search for a sustainable alternative, the effect of methods of application (foliar and incorporated) of different levels of moringa-banana peel-maize stalk fertilizer (MBPF) on the growth and yield of different maize varieties was investigated. Methodology. Pot and field experiments were conducted. Each experiment consisted of 2 x 4 x 6 factorial combinations. In the pot experiment, the treatments were laid out in CRD while RCBD was used in the field experiment. All treatments were replicated three times. Data collected on agronomic, aesthetic and yield traits were subjected to ANOVA using SAS 9.4 version. PCA was done, thereafter, structural equation model (SEM) was constructed, and GGE biplot used to cluster treatment interaction using GEA-R 4.1 version. Result. The results of both pot and field experiments had similar trend except that pot experiment had reduced height, poor phenotypic appeal and reduced grain yield. The result showed that mode of application, fertilizer treatments and maize varieties had significant (p<0.05) mean square for grain yield. 120N+50P+40K and 100N+40P+30K rate of MBPF applied to single cross hybrids (SCH) with grain yield of 1.85 t/ha clustered with standard national recommended rate of NPK fertilizer. Grain yield was in the order of SCH LY1312-11 > SCH check > Double-cross hybrid > Three-way hybrid > Top-cross hybrid > OPV-STR. Implication. MBPF was most effective when incorporated into the soil a week before planting. Conclusion. Therefore, MBPF at 120N+50P+40K and 100N+40P+30K are sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to inorganic fertilizer.
ANATOMÍA DE UN CENOTE CON EL USO DE DRON
Authors: Gijón-Yescas Gonzalo Neftaly , Aguilar-Duarte Yameli Guadalupe , Frausto-Martínez Oscar , Bautista-Zuñiga Francisco
Published: August 2022

Background: Detailed geomorphological analysis of the karst depressions in Yucatán has received little attention because the measurement of morphometric parameters taken in the field involves a lot of work, time and costs. A pioneering exercise is presented that arose with two questions. What would be the characteristics of the relief that can be observed and / or measured in a cenote through images acquired with a drone? Would they be features similar to those seen with Google Earth images? Objective: To identify the units of the relief and morphometry of a cenote using images from two different platforms. Methodology: An open cenote located in the municipality of Chapab, Yucatán, was studied. A flight was carried out with a drone obtaining 259 images in 14 minutes, with which an orthomosaic, a digital elevation model and a point cloud were generated. We proceeded to the analysis of the data of the visible range (RGB), work with filters in ArcMap; the same spatial analysis procedure was performed with an image from Google Earth. Results: Nine units of the relief were identified in detail (permanent lake, intermittent lake, an area subject to flooding, beach, mouth, flooded slope, upper slope, scarp and lake coast); the differences between inputs are mainly in the morphometric parameters and in the values of the elevations. Implications: Drones facilitate imaging that allows detailed characterization of karst depressions to represent attributes that cannot be expressed on small scales. Conclusion: The anatomy of the Polol cenote technically corresponds to a sinkhole that houses a karst lake; nine relief units were identified that reveal limnological processes generating a karst-lacustrine environment that leads to the geomorphological enrichment of this region.
¿PUEDEN LAS MEDIDAS OSTEOMÉTRICAS PREDECIR EL PESO VIVO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA CANAL EN CONEJOS NUEVA ZELANDA BLANCA EN CRECIMIENTO?
Authors: Arbez-Abnal Tomas Alexander , Sanginés-García José Roberto , Piñeiro-Vazquez Angel Trinidad , Aguilar-Urquizo Edgar , Chay Canul Alfonso Juventino
Published: August 2022

Background: The identification of the relationship between the particular traits of the body development of the rabbit could help the understanding of the biological growth and the application in different areas of livestock and veterinary study. Objective. To evaluate the relationship between osteometry of the limbs, live weight (LW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and anatomical cuts; and generate equations to predict PV, PCC and anatomical cuts in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits at different ages. Methodology. A total of 113 rabbits of seven different ages (9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24 and 28 weeks) were used. The data obtained were LW, carcass characteristics: PCC and anatomical cuts (front, middle and back); and osteometry: length and diameter of the humerus (LH and DH), radio-ulna (LR-C and DR-C), femur (LF and DF) and tibia-fibula (LT-P and DT-P). The information was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and linear and multiple regression models. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using the coefficients of determination (r2) and the square root of the mean square error (RCCME). Results. The correlations expressed between LW, carcass characteristics and bone lengths were higher (r= 0.90 – 0.95; p= < 0.0001) compared to diameters (r= 0.38 – 0.72; p= < 0.0001). The regression equations for PV had a RCCME that varied from 186.86 to 197.70 g using LR-C and LF. While for the PCC it presented RCCME from 130.4 to 138.58 g with LH, LR-C and DH. Regarding the anatomical cuts, the progressive order of rear, middle and front using LF and LH was RCCME= 21.66 to 25.67. The LF and LH explained 92 and 91% of the variation of the PV and PCC, although it decreased slightly in the anatomical cuts from 85 to 92%. Implications. The osteometry of the extremities reflects security in the application of equations to calculate general and particular data of body mass in the rabbit, this contribution of knowledge can be extrapolated for animal production and forensic veterinary studies. Conclusion. The close associations obtained between limb lengths (exception LT-P) with PV, PCC and anatomical cuts gave equations with high capacity to estimate these body changes of growing NZB rabbits.
PENYULUHAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Maizul Rahmizal  , Aminar Sutra Dewi  , Habibatul Hidayati  , Suci Handayani  , Winda Yuliastuti  , Venny Gusmainy
Published: August 2022

Dampak pandemi covid-19 dirasakan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Permasalahan ekonomi yang dihadapi masyarakat semakin komplek dan berat dengan naiknya harga–harga kebutuhan pokok seperti beras per kilo gramnya sudah lebih dari Rp.10.000, harga cabai terus meningkat, bahan bakar gas elpiji yang tidak stabil di pasaran, dan lain-lain. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan harga– harga lainnya. Hal ini memaksa setiap individu harus lebih berhemat dan lebih pandai dalam mengelola ekonomi keluarga. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan kegiatan penngabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan menyadarkan masyarakat (terutama kaum ibu, sebagai pelaku dan pengelola ekonomi keluarga) dan membuka wawasan mereka tetang arti pentingnya dan cara pengelolaan ekonomi keluarga yang baik (meski sederhana) sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sekarang dan masa yang akan datang. Khalayak sasaran adalah masyarakat khususnya Ibu-Ibu di Pasir Jambak Kelurahan Pasir Nan Tigo Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang. Hasil kegiatan:  Secara umum peserta penyuluhan belum pernah melakukan menejemen ekonomidan keuangan keluarga secara baik, mereka melakukan penghitungan keuangan keluarga apa adanya. Pengetahuan dan kemampuan pengelolaan ekonomi dan keuangan keluarga mereka sangat terbatas. Tidak mudah bagi mereka untuk membedakan antara kebutuhan dan keinginan mereka menabung tidak di lembaga keuangan dan perbankan tapi dalam bentuk arisan. Susahnya ketika mendapat arisan kemudian digunakan untuk keperluan konsumsi yang sifatnya emosional yang sifatnya cenderung merupakan pemborosan. Investasi yang mereka lakukan dalam bentuk barang yaitu ternak atau sawah.
Serangan Universal Forgery pada Skema Fungsi Hash Ft, LightMAC_Plus, dan LightMAC_Plus2 Berbasis Algoritme DLBCA
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Adi Lestari Andriani
Published: August 2022

Liu dan Liu membuat serangan pemalsuan pesan pada tahun 2017. Serangan pemalsuan pesan yang dibuat oleh Liu dan Liu dikenal sebagai serangan universal forgery yang dapat diterapkan pada beberapa skema fungsi hash dan authenticated encryption. Fungsi hash yang merupakan variasi dari skema LightMAC dan/atau PMAC diklaim tidak aman oleh Liu dan Liu. Skema  merupakan variasi dari fungsi hash LightMAC apabila skema  menggunakan skema LightMAC sebagai basis fungsi hash-nya. Berbeda dengan skema , LightMAC_Plus dan LightMAC_Plus2 merupakan variasi dari skema LightMAC dan PMAC. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuktian dari klaim yang dibuat oleh Liu dan Liu dengan menerapkan serangan universal forgery pada skema fungsi hash , LightMAC_Plus, dan LightMAC_Plus2. Metode serangan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu menerapkan serangan universal forgery dengan menggunakan sepuluh sampel pesan acak yang dikombinasikan dengan lima himpunan kunci. Hasil penerapan serangan universal forgery yaitu tidak ditemukan satu pun pesan palsu dari keseluruhan serangan yang dilakukan. Hal ini diperkuat dengan pembuktian secara matematis bahwa strategi serangan universal forgery tidak dapat diterapkan pada ketiga skema fungsi hash tersebut. Berdasarkan data hasil serangan universal forgery dan pembuktian secara matematis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa skema fungsi hash , LightMAC_Plus, dan LightMAC_Plus2 tahan terhadap serangan universal forgery.
Penilaian Kapabilitas Tata Kelola Keamanan Teknologi Informasi dan Rekomendasi Perbaikan Menggunakan COBIT 5
Authors: Andayani Ade Dwi , Briliyant Obrina Candra
Published: August 2022

Penilaian kapabilitas tata kelola TI penting untuk dilakukan guna mengetahui kondisi penerapan tata kelola TI serta mengidentifikasi permasalahan kegiatan TI. Tata kelola keamanan teknologi informasi pada proses pengelolaan data yang kurang baik akan menimbulkan permasalahan yang merupakan kelemahan (vulnerabilities) sehingga dapat menimbulkan ancaman seperti kehilangan, pencurian, perusakan, dan penyadapan data penting perusahaan atau organisasi. Atas dasar tersebut, diperlukan penilaian kapabilitas tata kelola keamanan teknologi informasi untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi perbaikan sehingga proses pengelolaan data terhindar dari ancaman. Unit XYZ merupakan instansi pemerintah pengelola teknologi informasi di lingkungan instansi ABC. Layanan data berbasis teknologi informasi yang disediakan unit XYZ bersifat strategis. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan penilaian kapabilitas untuk mengetahui kondisi tata kelola keamanan TI organisasi saat ini. Selain itu disusun pula rekomendasi perbaikan tata kelola keamanan teknologi informasi menggunakan COBIT 5 serta ISO 27001:2013 dan ISO 27002:2013 pada unit XYZ. Proses pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, studi literatur, kuisioner dan observasi. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa tata kelola keamanan TI pada unit XYZ berada pada level 0. Hasil penelitian berupa nilai kapabilitas dan rekomendasi tata kelola meliputi aspek struktur, proses, dan komunikasi internal.
Security Assessment Pada Aplikasi Mobile Android XYZ Dengan Mengacu Pada Kerentanan OWASP Mobile Top Ten 2016
Authors: Candra Kurniawan  , Trianto Nanang
Published: August 2022

Aplikasi XYZ merupakan aplikasi unggulan pemerintah Provinsi X yang digunakan untuk pelayanan publik. Aplikasi ini menjadi penjembatan antara pemerintah Provinsi dengan Ketua RW. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan security assessment pada aplikasi XYZ untuk mengidentifikasi kerentanan dan dampak kerentanan, nilai kerentanan, serta memberikan rekomendasi keamanan pada kerentanan yang teridentifikasi. Kerentanan yang diidentifikasi mengacu pada kerentanan dari OWASP Mobile Top Ten 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode security assessment berdasarkan SANS yang terdiri dari tiga langkah yaitu reviewing, examination, dan testing. Tahap reviewing dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi terkait aplikasi XYZ, kebijakan Pemprov, dan terkait dengan NDA. Tahap examination disebut juga analisis statis, di sini dilakukan analisis statis otomatis menggunakan scanner MobSF dan MARA Framework. Kemudian tahap testing atau analisis dinamis dilakukan pengujian kerentanan dengan menjalankan aplikasi. Berdasarkan hasil security assessment teridentifikasi enam kerentanan pada aplikasi XYZ di mana enam kerentanan tersebut termasuk dalam lima kerentanan OWASP Mobile Top Ten 2016. Rincian kerentanan yang ditemukan insecure data storage (manipulatability backup dan aplikasi membuat file temp) kategori kerentanan medium, insecure communication (insecure implementation WebView) kategori kerentanan high, insufficient cryptography (static key) kategori kerentanan medium, client code quality (manipulatability activity) kategori kerentanan none, dan reverse engineering kategori kerentanan medium. Kerentanan yang ditemukan ini berdampak pada hilangnya aspek kerahasiaan seperti data sensitif pengguna, password default dan kunci konfigurasi aplikasi dengan server backend yang terdapat pada kode sumber. Berdasarkan kerentanan tersebut, diberikan rekomendasi keamanan berupa penerapan enkripsi data, penerapan teknik obfuscation, serta melakukan manajemen kunci untuk tujuan mengatasi kerentanan dan mencegah dampak yang terjadi.
OTOMATISASI KARMA ATTACK
Authors: Santoso Shandika Dianaji , M. Yusuf Bambang Setiadji
Published: August 2022

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) merupakan salah satu bentuk telekomunikasi tanpa kabel yang memiliki perkembangan cukup pesat. WiFi dapat dijumpai di tempat-tempat umum seperti rumah makan, warung kopi, pusat perbelanjaan, dan tempat umum lainnya. Namun, kenyamanan WiFi juga disertai dengan kerawanan yang dimiliki. Komunikasi antara klien dan access point rentan terhadap man in the middle attack seperti sniffing atau spoofing. Salah satu serangan yang menggunakan teknik spoofing adalah KARMA attack. Dengan adanya kerawanan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan pengujian menggunakan alat uji manual atau otomatis agar dapat menjadi rekomendasi untuk pengamanan WiFi. Penggunaan alat uji otomatis dinilai memberikan efektifitas terhadap proses uji tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dibuat purwarupa aplikasi otomatisasi KARMA attack dengan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) menggunakan pendekatan waterfall. Pengujian dan analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan purwarupa otomatisasi KARMA attack pada kondisi tertentu. Hasil pengujian dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa purwarupa otomatisasi KARMA attack berjalan dengan baik
Perbandingan Nilai Akurasi Snort dan Suricata dalam Mendeteksi Intrusi Lalu Lintas di Jaringan
Authors: Adam Dwi Ralianto  , Cahyono Setiyo
Published: August 2022

Seiring bertambahnya pengguna internet, semakin canggih juga serangan siber yang terjadi. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan dari Honeynet Project BSSN, tahun 2018 telah terjadi 12.895.554 serangan yang masuk ke Indonesia dan 513.863 berupa aplikasi berbahaya. Serangan-serangan ini apabila tidak terdeteksi dan dicegah, maka dapat menurunkan kredibilitas layanan, seperti kerahasiaan data, integritas, dan ketersediaan data. Sehingga dibutuhkan aplikasi yang mampu mendeteksi banyaknya serangan tersebut, yaitu Instrusion Detection System (IDS). Terdapat beberapa aplikasi IDS yang ada, seperti Snort dan Suricata. Dari banyak aplikasi yang ada, perlu dilakukan analisis terhadap kemampuannya dalam mendeteksi intrusi di jaringan. Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dianalisis yaitu akurasi. Akurasi adalah sebuah metrik yang mengukur seberapa benar IDS bekerja dengan mengukur persentase deteksi dan kegagalan serta jumlah peringatan palsu yang dihasilkan suatu sistem. Akurasi dalam mendeteksi serangan-serangan ini menjadi tantangan untuk aplikasi IDS. Dalam melakukan analisis diawali dengan melakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan Pytbull terhadap aplikasi Snort dan Suricata. Pytbull dikonfigurasi dengan 70  serangan yang dikelompokkan dalam 11 modul serangan. Pengujian dilakukan dalam 3 skenario, yaitu menggunakan rules asli, rules dari Emerging Threat, dan rules yang dibuat sendiri. Penelitian ini, memberikan penjelasan terkait bagaimana melakukan pengujian menggunakan Pytbull terhadap Snort dan Suricata menggunakan 3 skenario yang telah ditentukan yang kemudian dilanjutkan analisis dengan menghitung nilai akurasinya untuk dibandingkan mana yang lebih baik. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa Suricata versi 5.0.2 dengan pengujian menggunakan Pytbull dalam 3 skenario, memiliki akurasi lebih tinggi daripada Snort versi 2.9.15.1 karena memiliki rules yang lebih banyak. Walaupun rules lebih banyak, namun penggunaan memory Suricata lebih stabil karena menggunakan fitur multi-threading yang dimilikinya.
Analisis Malware Menggunakan Metode Analisis Statis dan Dinamis untuk Pembuatan IOC Berdasarkan STIX Versi 2.1
Authors: Puji Rahayu Yunike Dwi , Nanang Trianto
Published: August 2022

Malware atau malicious software adalah kode atau program berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian bagi individu ataupun organisasi. Kerugian yang disebabkan oleh malware dapat berupa kerugian finansial maupun material. Pencegahan terhadap insiden malware dapat dilakukan dengan analisis pada malware untuk mengetahui cara kerja dan karakteristik dari malware tersebut. Analisis malware dapat dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu analisis statis dan analisis dinamis. Menggabungkan kedua metode analisis ini dapat memberikan informasi dan hasil yang lebih lengkap. Informasi yang diperoleh berupa karakteristik dan indikator identik yang menunjukkan adanya keberadaan malware tersebut dalam sistem atau komputer. Selanjutnya, informasi tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan dan didefinisikan pada sebuah Indicator of Compromise (IOC). IOC adalah suatu kumpulan informasi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sistem atau komputer yang terinfeksi oleh malware. IOC ini disimpan pada suatu sistem Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) untuk digunakan sebagai sumber informasi CTI dalam mendeteksi keberadaan dari malware di masa yang akan datang. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis malware menggunakan metode analisis statis dan dinamis pada 5 spesimen malware. Spesimen malware diperoleh dari sensor Honeynet milik Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) yang dipilih secara acak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis,  diketahui bahwa kelima malware tersebut berjenis trojan yang beraktivitas pada latar belakang sistem dan menghubungi beberapa domain berbahaya untuk mengunduh program atau file berbahaya. Indikator dari masing-masing malware selanjutnya didefinisikan ke dalam IOC dan telah divalidasi sehingga dapat disimpan dan digunakan sebagai sumber informasi sistem CTI
Analisis Formal Lightweight Mutual Authentication RFID Protocol Menggunakan Scyther
Authors: Putri Dinda , Dini Annisa
Published: August 2022

Salah satu faktor penting dalam protokol komunikasi adalah adanya autentikasi. Autentikasi merupakan suatu metode untuk memastikan bahwa entitas yang berkomunikasi merupakan entitas yang benar. Protokol yang memanfaatkan autentikasi salah satunya adalah protokol yang ada dalam Radio Frequency and Identification (RFID). RFID merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan pengambilan data menggunakan gelombang radio. RFID menggunakan beberapa komponen dalam penerapannya, yaitu tag, reader, dan server (database). Dalam implementasi protokol pada RFID, dibutuhkan mekanisme autentikasi antar entitas yang berkomunikasi. Salah satu protokol RFID yang telah menerapkan mekanisme autentikasi adalah Lightweight Mutual Authentication RFID Protocol yang diajukan oleh Kang. Protokol milik Kang terdiri dari 3 varian, yaitu Single-tag, Double-tag, dan Multi-tag. Ketiga varian protokol ini diklaim aman terhadap serangan replay, relay, dan eavesdropping, serta memenuhi anonimitas tag dan forward security. Meskipun demikian, klaim keamanan tersebut belum dilengkapi dengan tingkat autentikasi yang dipenuhi oleh protokol milik Kang. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian pemenuhan tingkat autentikasi pada protokol Kang, khususnya varian Single-tag dan Double-tag menggunakan alat uji Scyther. Tingkat autentikasi yang diuji terdiri dari aliveness, weak-agreement, non-injective agreement, dan non-injective synchronization. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa protokol Kang memenuhi keempat klaim keamanan dan tanpa serangan untuk varian Single-tag, serta memenuhi keempat klaim keamanan dan tanpa serangan dalam batasan untuk varian Double-tag.
Pencarian Karakteristik Truncated Differential pada 8 Iterasi Algoritme Design 32 Bit Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm (DLBCA)
Authors: Muhammad anis  , Nadia Paramita Retno Adiati
Published: August 2022

Algoritme DLBCA merupakan algoritme block cipher dengan struktur feistel yang terdiri dari 15 iterasi dan memiliki plaintext sepanjang 32 bit dan kunci sepanjang 80 bit. Serangan diferensial telah diterapkan pada algoritme DLBCA dengan hasil jumlah s-box cenderung lebih sedikit ketika dibandingkan dengan beberapa algoritme lainnya. Serangan diferensial dapat dikembangkan menjadi serangan truncated diferential dengan menggabungkan n buah karakteristik truncated. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pencarian karakteristik truncated untuk delapan iterasi algoritme DLBCA. Penentuan karakteristik truncated terbaik didasarkan pada probabilitas diferensial dari masing-masing karakteristik truncated. Input pada karakteristik truncated yang dipilih adalah A0={2, 8, a} dan A1={1, 4, 5}, serta banyak nibble aktif pada input difference adalah dua nibble.  Pada penelitian ini terdapat dua karakteristik truncated terbaik untuk delapan iterasi algoritme DLBCA denga probabilitas 2-67,0922814695. Probabilitas terbaik untuk empat iterasi adalah 2-33,9744694257 dan telah melebihi kompleksitas brute force attack yaitu 232. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka algoritme ini tahan terhadap serangan truncated mulai dari empat iterasi. Seranagn truncated dapat diterapkan pada empat iterasi algoritma DLBCA menggunakan distinguisher tiga iterasi. Pasangan plaintext dan ciphertext yang dibutuhkan untuk menerapkan serangan truncated diferential pada  empat iterasi algoritme DLBCA yaitu c.222,4682840384. Serangan ini mengembalikan subkunci sebanyak 16 bit.
İdeal Eğitimde Önemli Bir Etken: Yönetici Ahlâkı
Authors: TÜYSÜZ Harun , YİĞİT Selim , OKUDAN Ahmet Yasin
Published: August 2022

Eğitim; bireysel, toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasal işlevleri açısından önemli bir güce sahiptir. Eğitim sistemleri, toplumların kültürleri ve kazandırılmak istenilen tutum ve davranışlar doğrultusunda şekillendirilmektedir. Eğitim sistemimizin ana gayesi; “iyi bir vatandaş”, “dengeli bir kişi” ve “meslek sahibi bir birey” olarak insanı hayata kazandırmaktır. Ahlak, insanın insan olarak yaşayabilme çabasıdır. Ahlaki norm ve etik ilkeler genel olarak eğitimin konusudur. İnsan için eğitim, hayatın her alanında farklı form ve şekillerde bulunmaktadır. Bu minval üzere okullar ise, tüm eğitimsel hedeflerimizde olduğu gibi ahlak eğitimi açısından da birtakım görevleri yerine getirmesi gereken örgütlerdir. Bir eğitim örgütü olarak yöneticinin okullardaki öncelikli görevi, eğitim ve öğretimin amacına uygun olarak yürütülmesini sağlamaktır. Yöneticinin kararları sadece yönettiği kişileri değil dolaylı olarak etkileşim içinde olduğu tüm tarafları etkiler. Okul yöneticilerinin ahlaki ve mesleki değerlere sahip olması, öğrencilerini uygun bir ahlak anlayışıyla yetiştirilebilmeleri açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede; eğitim, ahlak, yönetici, kavramları ile eğitim ve ahlak ilişkisi hakkındaki yazılı kaynaklara başvurmak suretiyle eğitimde yönetici ahlakının önemi teorik kapsamda incelenerek yönetici ahlakının ideal eğitim anlayışındaki yeri tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, etik ilkeleri ve değerleri hatırlatmanın yönetici için bir görev, örgüt için bir ihtiyaç olduğu, eğitim kurumlarının temel amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi için yüksek ahlaki değerlere sahip yöneticilerin var olması gerektiği, yönetici ahlakının örgütteki önceki yöneticinin ahlakı üzerine bina edilerek kurumsallaşacağı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, yöneticinin ve diğer çalışanların örgüt içindeki etiğin önemini kabul etmesinin, yüksek ahlaki değerlerin, kurumsal refah üzerindeki olumlu etkilerine inanan sayısını artıracağı, yöneticinin idaresi altındakileri iyi idare etmek gibi bir sorumluğunun olduğu, yöneticilerin sadece milli kültür ve değerleri değil aynı zamanda evrensel kültür ve değerleri de dikkate almak zorunda oldukları, etik değerlere bağlı yöneticileri seçmek amacı ile yapılacak planların toplumun geneli tarafından kabul görmüş normlar üzerinden ve yönetim bilimi konusunda ehil olan akademisyenler ile sivil toplum kuruluşlarının desteği alınarak belirlenmesi gerekliliği çıkarsamalarına ve bazı önermelere yer verilmiştir.
Standardization of procedure for assessing terminal drought stress tolerance induced by foliar spraying of potassium iodide and identification of promising castor germplasm using the developed procedure
Authors: P LAKSHMAMMA  , LAKSHMI PRAYAGA  , K ALIVELU  , A VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY
Published: August 2022

Castor cultivated as a rainfed crop in southern India experiences terminal drought stress with cessation of monsoon. Stem reserves act as an important source of carbon for the seeds getting filled when photosynthesis is inhibited by drought and therefore, the ability to mobilize stemreserves towards economic yield is an important trait in selection for terminal drought tolerance. Potassium iodide (KI), a chemical contact canopy desiccant induces leaf desiccation by reducing chlorophyll content and can be used to simulate the conditions of terminal drought stress. This property could be employed for assessing the genotypic variability for stem reserve mobilization trait. During kharif 2015-16, in RG 1826, a genotype that had been identified earlier for root and drought tolerance, KI was sprayed @ 0.2-1.0% at 50% filling of capsules on primary spikes or 1.0-3.0% at 50% filling of capsules on tertiary spikes separately as two sets of foliar sprays. KI spray @1.0% at both the stages recorded total leaf desiccation, less seed yield reduction in primary (16%) and tertiary (29%) order spikes. Hence, 1.0% KI was taken as the optimum concentration to screen castor genotypes for terminal drought stress tolerance. During late rabi 2016-17, 12 germplasm lines with known drought tolerance (moisture stress induced between 30 and 90 DAS) ability and better root growth characters along with two checks were sown and at 100 DAS, KI was sprayed @ 1.0%. Four genotypes, viz., RG82, RG89, RG111, RG1437 with high stem reserve mobilization characterized by <30% reduction in total seed yield and <20% reduction in HI were identified as promising for terminal drought tolerance.
Oviposition deterrent activity of different botanicals against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean
Authors: NAVYA MATCHA  , BAND S S  , SUNDAR B  , A K BHOWMICK
Published: August 2022

Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) is a polyphagous pest widely distributed in south east Asia which is an economically important pest as it can cause 25 to 100 per cent crop loss by defoliation. Heavy use of insecticides caused it to gain resistance over almost all groups of insecticides. Use of botanicals is a conventional approach for pest management as it is a two-tier approach by being eco-friendly and also manages the pest population. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of botanicals viz., Datura leaf extract 5%, Annona leaf extract 5%, Marigold leaf extract 5%, Neem oil 5%, Pongamia oil 5% and Eucalyptus oil 2% against S. litura in soybean. The study revealed that the Eucalyptus oil 2 % was least preferred for oviposition as the number of eggs laid in this treatment were 71.20, out of which 31.50 per cent eggs hatched and it also possessed the lowest oviposition index 0.20, followed by Neem oil 5% as the number of eggs laid in this treatment were 157.20, among which 46.28 per cent eggs hatched having an oviposition index of 0.23. Hence, the results indicate that eucalyptus oil and neem oil were least preferred, hence the botanicals are reliable source for eco-friendly management of S. litura in soybean.
Screening backcross derived population of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for resistance to rust and late leaf spot diseases
Authors: P RAMAKRISHNAN  , N MANIVANNAN  , A MOTHILAL  , L MAHALINGAM
Published: August 2022

A set of 88 groundnut backcross derived progenies in BC1F2 generation of the cross CO 7 × GPBD 4 were evaluated during kharif 2016 against rust and late leaf spot. Field evaluation identified 19 progenies with rust and late leafspot resistance. These backcrossed progenies may be subjected to yield assessment for further release as an improved variety
Evaluation of crop establishment methods and foliar nutrition for enhancing productivity of rice fallow/follow sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: C HARISUDAN  , NISHA SAPRE
Published: August 2022

Field experiment to evaluate crop establishment methods and foliar nutrition for rice fallow/follow sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was conducted for two consecutive years during rabi/summer 2015-16 and 2016-17 at TNAU, Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam under All India Coordinated Research Project on Sesame. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice, with three crop establishment techniques in main plots and four foliar nutrition techniques in sub plots. Among the different crop establishment methods, sowing ofsesame after harvest of rice under till condition recorded higher final plant stand, maximumnumber of branches/plant (5.3), more number of capsules/plant (49) and maximum sesame seed yield (627 kg/ha). Similarly, sowing ofsesame after harvest of rice under till condition recorded maximum gross return (`51,828/ha), net return (` 29,653/ha) and B:C ratio (2.34). Poor crop stand and low yield was recorded under sowing 5 days before harvest of rice under moist condition. Among the foliar nutrition, combined foliar spray of 1% urea and 2% DAP at 35 DAS recorded more number of branches/plant (6.3) and capsules/plant (54) but it was on par with other foliar nutrition. The combined foliar spray of 1% urea and 2% DAP at 35 DAS showed its superiority by recording a maximum sesame seed yield (584 kg/ha), gross return (` 48,238/ha), net return (` 26,738/ha) and B:C ratio (2.24).
Influence of intercropping systems and sulphur on yield and quality of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Y K GHILOTIA  , R N MEENA  , ASHVIN KUMAR MEENA  , Y V SINGH  , SUNIL KUMAR
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 at BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the growth, yield and quality parameters influenced by different sulphur levels and intercropping systems. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand having pH 7.35, organic carbon (0.37%), available nitrogen (205 kg N/ha), phosphorus (25 kg P2O5 /ha) and potash (216 kg K2O/ha). The treatments consisted of five intercropping systems [castor + mungbean (1:1), castor + mungbean (1:2), castor + mungbean (1:3), castor + mungbean (2:2 paired row) and castor + mungbean (2:3 paired row)] and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha) were taken in strip plot design with three replications. Intercropping system (castor + mungbean, 1:1 ratio) resulted in taller plants which was at par with castor + mungbean (1:2) ratio. Application of sulphur @ 60 and 40 kg/ha producedstatistically similar plant height, but significantly higher than application of sulphur @ 0 and 20 kg/ha. Dry weight of castor was higher in castor + mungbean (1:1 and 1:2 ratios) than castor + mungbean (2:2 and 2:3 ratios) of castor and mungbean crops. The highest dry matter accumulation was recorded with the application of 60 kg S/ha which was at par with 40 kg S/ha, while dry matter accumulation was lowest with no S application. During the year 2013, significantly higher seed yield (1428 kg/ha), stalk yield (2548 kg/ha) and biological yield (3977 kg/ha) ofmungbean was recorded in castor + mungbean (1:1) intercropping and gradually reduced with increase in row proportion. Similar trend was followed in year 2012. The highest grain, stalk and biological yields of castor and mungbean were recorded with application of 60 kg S/ha (1045, 1740, 2786 and 1364, 2408, 3771 during 2012 and 2013 respectively) which was statistically similar with S40 during both years of study. Higher carbohydrate per cent,protein yield and protein per cent were recorded with castor + mungbean (1:1) which was statistically similar with castor + mungbean (1:2) during both the years of study.
Impact of improved production technology and mechanized decortication of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on productivity and income of farmers in Ramanagara district of Karnataka
Authors: S KAMALA BAI  , SYED MAZHAR ALI  , G KESHAVAREDDY  , K H NAGARAJ  , LATHA R KULKARNI  , S C RANGANATHA
Published: August 2022

The major production constraints in groundnut cultivation in Ramanagara district, Karnataka are low seed replacement, growing old varieties with less productivity and high susceptibility to leafspots and tikka diseases, lack of awareness on the use of micronutrients and manual decortication leading to drudgery of farm woman. Krishi Vignana Kendra, Ramanagara has conducted FLDs to show the productivity potential and profitability of improved technologies of groundnut and mechanical shelling in farmers' fields. The results revealed that the mean yield increased by 29.1 per cent over farmers' practice in FLD plots. Mechanized power operated shelling decorticator, shelled 62.5 kg/h, at an efficiency of 90.9 per cent. The efficiency was 50 per cent higher than manually peeling, which made the groundnut shelling faster and more thorough in manual operated shelling decorticator. Exclusive shelling performance of power andmanual operated decorticator was evaluated. Power operated sheller was efficient than manual operated sheller recording higher shelling efficiency of 77 per cent and less mechanical damage 1.1 percent over manual operated sheller which recorded 66 and 2.9 per cent, respectively.
Safflower as an alternate crop to chickpea under rainfed black soils of Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: SAHAJA DEVA  , G M V PRASADA RAO  , CH VARAPRASADA RAO
Published: August 2022

Chickpea is a major rabi season crop in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh but suffers from moisture stress if there is less (<350 mm) rainfall during crop growth. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), commonly known as kardi is one ofthe important rabi oilseed crops ofthe country and is expected to withstand moisture stress better with a requirement of around 250 mm rainfall. Earlier study had indicated that safflower could be an alternative crop to chickpea in Prakasam district. Under the present investigation, on-farm-trials were conducted with farmers to compare the performance of safflower improved varieties against the chickpea local variety. Two year study has indicated that safflower could be an alternate crop to chickpea in the rainfed black soils of Prakasam district. Therefore, safflower can play an important role in crop diversification in low rainfall areas and in areas like Prakasam district where rabi crops suffer from terminal moisture stress.
Influence of environment on quality hybrid seed production in castor : A case study of participatory seed production
Authors: T MANJUNATHA  , C LAVANYA  , K T RAMYA  , J JAWAHARLAL  , A VISHNUVARDHAN REDDY
Published: August 2022

This paper highlights the observations made regarding the influence of environmental factors on genetic purity of hybrid seed produced during the participatory seed production oftwo castor hybrids viz., DCH 177 (DPC 9 x DCS 9) and DCH-519 (M 574 x DCS 78) in two villages of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana. Preliminary observations indicated that development of environmentally sensitive interspersed staminate flowers (ISF) on pistillate lines was influenced by their genetic nature, soil and agronomic management of crop as well as weather parameters. Higher incidence of ISF was observed in shallow and red soils irrigated by furrow method compared to medium/deep, clay loamy and black soils irrigated and fertigated by drip method, leading to higher number ofselfed female plants, low genetic purity of certified hybrid seed (<85%) and rejection of seed lots during certification. Abiotic stress factors like maximum temperature (>32°C temperature) increased the number of ISF in primary spike order itself and later decreased in subsequent spike orders owing to decreased temperatures. Incidence of whiteflies and Spodoptera wasparticularly high in intensively cultivated agro-ecosystems. Small and marginal farmers depending on family labour were better suited for hybrid seed production of castor. Selection of suitable agro-ecosystem, farmers and their training, and genetic nature of parents proved to be critical requirements for hybrid seed production in castor.
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in fastigiata and hypogaea sub-species of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: SIMA SINHA  , M H RAHMAN  , ANIL KUMAR VERMA  , CHANDAN KISHORE
Published: August 2022

The investigations on the genotypic and phenotypic variability, correlations and path coefficient analysis were conducted for nine characters in twenty genotypes each for two sub species of groundnut namely fastigiata (Spanish/Valencia) and hypogaea (Virginia). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters except per cent ofsound mature kernel in fastigiata (Spanish) group. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was larger for number of primary branches and 100 kernel weights in hypogaea than fastigiata sub-species. Number of pods per plant in hypogaea showed greater heritability than fastigiata. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for number of pods per plant, 100 kernel weight and pod yield per plant displayed better estimates in hypogaea whereas length of primary branches, height of main axis and 100 kernel weight were higher in fastigiata sub-species. Number of pods per plantwas highly significant and positive with pod yield per plant in both sub-species while number of primary branches and percentage of oil was positive and highly significant only in case of hypogaea sub-species. Path coefficient analysis exhibited that the length of primary branches, number of pods per plant, 100-kernel weight and percentage of oil were important for yield improvement in both sub-species of groundnut.
Mythos Alfred Herrhausen. Ethische Positionierungen als Selbstverpflichtung oder Verbrämung von Gewinnzielen?
Authors: Hecker Christian
Published: August 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet das unternehmerische Handeln und das wirtschaftspolitische Engagement von Alfred Herrhausen, Vorstandssprecher der Deutschen Bank zwischen 1985 und 1989, vor dem Hintergrund seiner öffentlichen Stellungnahmen zu ethischen Themen. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass sich insbesondere Herrhausens Engagement für eine Lösung der internationalen Staatsschuldenkrise auf moralische Maximen zurückführen lässt, die wesentliche Inhalte moderner Konzepte zur Unternehmensverantwortung vorwegnahmen.
Creativity in Science as a Social Phenomenon
Authors: Kasavin Ilya T. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The philosophical understanding of scientific creativity cannot be limited to the analysis of cognitive abilities or ways of solving problems. It is always anthropologically-laden, based on a historically specific image image of a human being that acquires knowledge. The problem of creativity also articulates a well-known paradox of novelty: the new does not arise from the old, since it is significantly different from it, but it cannot arise from nothing, because then it remains incomprehensible. Paul Feyerabend criticizes such a “mysterianic” concept of scientific creativity, which emphasizes its emergent character, i.e. its suddenness and inexplicability. The distance between subject and object, man and nature, knowledge and reality in this case remains insurmountable. To solve this problem, it is necessary to place creativity in the space between the uniqueness of the creative personality and the mechanisms of social recognition. This, in turn, requires rethinking of the ontological content of creativity, as well as the concept of “labor” with reference to its treatment by Karl Marx’ rethinking of it as the production of not only material goods, but also of the person itself. Moreover, creativity does not just form a person: it is a way of cultivating the entire social space. An unexpected move is provided by an appeal to a new social group – the precariat, which in science gives a lesson in openness to novelty and theoretical freedom. As a result, a deeper understanding of the social base of creativity arises, and a new strategy for the interaction of the scientific community with extra-paradigm groups and marginal individuals is being built.
Scientific Precariat: Individualism versus Collectivism
Authors: Astashova Nadezhda D. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article is a reply to Ilya T. Kasavin’s “Creativity as a social phenomenon” and is devoted to the phenomenon of the scientific precariat. A systematic analysis of the relations between the scientific precariat and the academic community as a dialectical opposition of the individual and the collective is undertaken. The method of critical analysis is aimed at rethinking the stable ideas that have developed in science about the collectivity of scientific work. The concepts of labor and employment in science are considered. It is concluded that the global development of digital technologies has led to the disappearance of the boundaries between physical and intellectual labor, against which there is an elevation of creative activity. The availability of information on the Internet, opening up incredible opportunities for research, destroys the monopoly of professional scientific communities on the possession of scientific knowledge. Scientific precarious loudly declare themselves in the public space, demonstrating the boldness and unusual nature of the ideas expressed. Inspired seekers of scientific truth embark on a free voyage through the vastness of the unknown. Traditional scientific communications, while retaining their significance, are enriched with new, non-standard ideas of precarious scientists who, ignoring rules and hierarchies, bring the creative spirit of freedom into modern science. However, the activities of such scientists may have an ambiguous assessment: a precarious scientist completely loses touch with the existing methods and approaches of classical science, and flight from work standards instead of expanding the horizons of scientific creativity turns into new problems caused by “multi-task” and instability of the labor activity of a “free” scientist. Despite the fact that in the conditions of the development of modern society and technology, the opposition of the pair of individual and collective is leveled, many scientists need common structures that determine the development of science, which at the present stage of the development of scientific knowledge are rather represented not by a social organization, but by an intellectual, linguistic and methodological unity focused on the creative development of the world.
Epistemic Autonomy, Authority and Trust: In Defense of Zagzebski’s Theory
Authors: Maslov Denis K. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

Epistemic authority, according to L. Zagzebski’s theory, is essentially based on deliberative or first-personal reasons, which originate from epistemic admiration. In what follows, I shortly reconstruct her theory and try to defend it against two critical arguments. The first argument calls attention to circular relation of epistemic autonomy and authority. In order to determine the authoritative person for me, I always have to possess epistemic autonomy, which is understood as knowledge in the given domain. Thus I myself have to have authority in the given domain in order to invest authority. I try to show that the investment of trust is based upon autonomy interpreted as an ability to exercise epistemic actions, accompanied by normative foreknowledge, that allows us to assess epistemic abilities and invest our trust without having sufficient propositional knowledge. The second argument insists on theoretical control for authoritative evidence and testimony. That contradicts preemptive character and content-independence inherent to authoritative testimony. Hence, this argument entirely misses the point of epistemic authority. Instead, as I argue, one can control epistemic authority by future reflexion on its conscientiousness and epistemic exercise as well as on origins of my admiration for authority. As a consequence, the trust invested in authority can be withdrawn and redistributed.
Les restes de Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) du gisement Pléistocène inférieur de Montoussé 5 (Hautes-Pyrénées, France)
Authors: THABARD Camille , FOURVEL Jean-Baptiste
Published: August 2022

Le gisement paléontologique de Montoussé (Montoussé, Hautes-Pyrénées, France), découvert par Édouard Harlé en 1892, est daté du Pléistocène inférieur (1,2-1,5 Ma) pour la brèche 5. Elle renferme un grand nombre d’espèces de petite à moyenne taille, dont une série homogène et importante en terme de restes de petits mustélidés. Cet article se concentre sur leur analyse morphologique et ostéométrique à travers un corpus de 52 restes. Nous proposons ici une analyse morphologique et métrique, afin de produire des clefs d’identification discriminant la belette Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 de l’hermine Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, ainsi que leurs formes fossiles respectives Mustela praenivalis Kormos, 1934 et Mustela palerminea Pétenyi, 1864. Cette identification spécifique est discutée à la lumière du contexte chrono-climatique. En effet, ces petits carnivores sont particulièrement sensibles aux variations climatiques et une corrélation est établie entre leur taille et l’environnement. Une meilleure connaissance de la variabilité inter et intraspécifique de ces espèces pourrait conduire à en faire des marqueurs paléoenvironnementaux valables. L’étude de la variabilité chez les formes anciennes remet en question leur valeur spécifique.