bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A homogeneous sample of 34 000 M7−M9.5 dwarfs brighter than J = 17.5 with accurate spectral types
Authors: Ahmed S. , Warren S. J.
Published: March 2019

The space density of late M dwarfs, subtypes M7–M9.5, is not well determined. We applied the photo-type method to iz photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and YJHK photometry from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey, over an effective area of 3070 deg2, to produce a new, bright J(Vega) <  17.5, homogeneous sample of 33 665 M7–M9.5 dwarfs. The typical S/N of each source summed over the six bands is > 100. Classifications are provided to the nearest half spectral subtype. Through a comparison with the classifications in the BOSS Ultracool Dwarfs (BUD) spectroscopic sample, the typing is shown to be accurately calibrated to the BUD classifications and the precision is better than 0.5 subtypes rms; i.e. the photo-type classifications are as precise as good spectroscopic classifications. Sources with large χ2 >  20 include several catalogued late-type subdwarfs. The new sample of late M dwarfs is highly complete, but there is a bias in the classification of rare peculiar blue or red objects. For example, L subdwarfs are misclassified towards earlier types by approximately two spectral subtypes. We estimate that this bias affects only ∼1% of the sources. Therefore the sample is well suited to measure the luminosity function and investigate the softening towards the Galactic plane of the exponential variation of density with height.
Langzeiterfahrung mit Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum
(CCH, Xiapex®) zur Behandlung der Dupuytrenschen Kontraktur: Lessons
learned
Authors: Neuwirth Maximilian , Kalt Lukas , Pipam Wolfgang , Rab Matthias
Published: March 2019

Einleitung Neben den klassischen Therapieverfahren konnte sich CCH
(Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum; Xiapex®) zur Behandlung der
Dupuytrenschen Kontraktur als einfache und zuverlässige Therapiealternative
etablieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Analyse unserer Ergebnisse sowie die
Diskussion der von uns durchgeführten Modifikationen in der Anwendung.

Patienten und Methoden In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden 312 Finger, die
zwischen 2011 und 2018 mittels CCH behandelt wurden (256 Patienten; 225 Männer;
31 Frauen). Bei 157 Fingern (50,3 %) lag eine isolierte Gelenkskontraktur vor,
wohingegen bei 155 Fingern (49,7 %) multiple Gelenke betroffen waren. Das
Durchschnittsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Intervention lag bei 65,8 Jahren. Der
durchschnittliche Nachuntersuchungszeitraum betrug 41,2 Wochen. Im Rahmen einer
retrospektiven Datenanalyse wurden die von uns erzielten Ergebnisse ausgewertet
und der Einfluss der von uns durchgeführten technischen Modifikationen auf den
Therapieerfolg diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Der durchschnittliche, präinterventionelle Kontrakturgrad lag
bei 63,3 Grad. Die durchschnittliche Kontrakturreduktion zum Ausgangsbefund
betrug unmittelbar postinterventionell 94 % sowie 81 % zum Zeitpunkt der letzten
Nachuntersuchung. Hauteinrisse traten in 22,1 % auf. In 99,4 % zeigte sich ein
unauffälliger Behandlungsverlauf (minor Komplikationsrate: 0,6 %). Die
Rezidivrate lag bei 14,4 %. Die Verlängerung des Zeitintervalls zur Aufdehnung
(24 vs. 48 Stunden) zeigte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die unmittelbare
Erfolgsrate sowie die Rate an Hautläsionen.

Schlussfolgerung Bei richtiger Indikationsstellung sowie routinierter
Anwendung ist die Erfolgsrate von CCH mit jener der gängigen
Therapiealternativen vergleichbar.
Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for complete viewing of the esophagus and stomach
Authors: Chen Yi-Zhi , Pan Jun , Luo Yuan-Yuan , Jiang Xi , Zou Wen-Bin , Qian Yang-Yang , Zhou Wei , Liu Xiao , Li Zhao-Shen , Liao Zhuan
Published: March 2019

Background Esophageal capsule endoscopy is reported to be insufficiently accurate to replace esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) because the passage of the capsule through the esophagus is passive and precludes a thorough investigation. We developed a modified capsule endoscopy technique, called detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (DS-MCE), and performed a pilot study to assess the feasibility and safety of this novel technique.

Methods 4 healthy volunteers and 21 patients with suspected esophageal disease first underwent DS-MCE followed by EGD within 1 week. Outcomes included technical success of DS-MCE, adverse events, discomfort, and diagnostic accuracy.

Results DS-MCE was successfully carried out in all 25 participants. No adverse events were observed. Mean overall discomfort score during DS-MCE was 0.96 (range 0 – 3). DS-MCE diagnoses were in accordance with EGD in all 25 participants. The per-patient sensitivity of DS-MCE for esophageal disease detection was 100 %. The accuracy of DS-MCE for grading esophageal varices and reflux esophagitis were 66.7 % and 100 %, respectively.

Conclusions DS-MCE was a feasible, safe, and well-tolerated method for viewing the esophagus and proceeding with gastric examination after string detachment.
Una masa renal poco común en una adolescente – presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Santafé Galvis Jhonatan Sair , Cruz Arévalo Dilma Alexandra , Salgado Tovar Javier Mauricio
Published: March 2019

Introducción Las neoplasias renales en la población pediátrica y adolescente son raras, entre el 6% y el 7% de las masas en pediatría. En adolescentes plantea un desafío clínico importante. Presentan variables manifestaciones sistémicas inespecíficas o cuadros asintomáticos. En la literatura se han identificado el Carcinoma de Células Renales y el Tumor de Wilms como las masas renales más prevalentes en menores de 20 años, el Adenoma Metanéfrico es una entidad muy poco común en esa población.

Presentación de caso Adolescente, con dolor en flanco izquierdo y hematuria macroscópica monosintomática, estudios imagenológicos evidencian lesión de aspecto neoplásico renal izquierda, que al complementarse con estudios de inmunohistoquímica resulta en Adenoma Metanéfrico. Se realiza revisión de literatura publicada en las últimas tres décadas al respecto. La paciente es llevada a nefrectomía radical izquierda, y posteriormente el estudio anatomopatológico sugiere Adenoma Metanéfrico, con marcadores de inmunohistoquímica que corroboran el hallazgo.

Conclusiones Los tumores renales en adolescentes son raros. Se requiere de alta sospecha clínica, un examen físico meticuloso y el apoyo en imágenes diagnósticas. Generalmente, el estudio histopatológico determina el diagnóstico definitivo, no obstante, cuando persiste la confusión, se recurre a la inmunohistoquímica. El Carcinoma de Células Renales es el más prevalente de los tumores renales en adolescentes, pero existen entidades indistinguibles al estudio imagenológico que plantean un desafío clínico; es el objetivo brindar una herramienta de apoyo en el abordaje del Adenoma metanéfrico e instar al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre una entidad patológica en ese grupo etario que ha sido poco documentado que indudablemente redundará en mejores prácticas e impacto científico, social y económico.
Postpartum Depression: Epidemiological Clinical Profile of Patients Attended In a Reference Public Maternity in Salvador-BA
Authors: Araújo Ivan de Sousa , Aquino Karolina Sales , Fagundes Luciana Kelly Amado , Santos Vanessa Cruz
Published: March 2019

Objective To evaluate the clinical epidemiological state of women with suspected postpartum depression (PPD) in a public maternity hospital in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil.

Methods A cross-sectional research was performed with puerperal patients attended at a public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection was performed from June to September 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used as a screening instrument, and, subsequently, women with positive scores answered a questionnaire to identify their clinical and epidemiological status.

Results Out of 151 postpartum women from the research, 30 (19.8%) presented suspicion of PPD. There was a prevalence of single mothers 13 (43.3%), women with complete fundamental education 15 (50.0%), women with black skin color 14 (46.7%), and those with a monthly family income of up to one minimum wage 18 (40.0%).

Conclusion Although PPD is an underdiagnosed disease, a high prevalence of the condition was found in our research. It is, then, considered that these results reinforce its significance as a public health problem, requiring prevention strategies, early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Quality of Life in Women with Defecatory Dysfunctions: Systematic Review of Questionnaires Validated in the Portuguese Language
Authors: Vasconcelos Neto José Ananias , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira , Karbage Sara Arcanjo Lino , Farias Hérdeny Di Cárlly de Almeida Rocha , Machado Stéffany Gadelha de Macêdo , Saboia Dayana Maia
Published: March 2019

Objective To identify the quality of life (QoL) assessment instruments related to the health of women with fecal incontinence (FI) or anal incontinence (AI).

Data Sources Systematic review conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The descriptors used were: Questionnaire, Questionnaires, Quality of life, validation, validation Studies, anal incontinence, fecal incontinence and constipation. The search was performed between December 26, 2017 and the beginning of January 2018. The limits used were female gender.

Selection of Studies Initially, 5,143 articles were obtained in the search. The articles of validation for Portuguese of questionnaires for the evaluation of the impact of FI/AI on the QoL of women were considered eligible.

Data Collection The article search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines.

Data Synthesis Of the 5,143 articles, only 2 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria: Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) and the Wexner scale (WS). The FIQL evaluates the QoL related to FI, not covering flatus incontinence. The WS assesses flatus incontinence and the severity of the AI. The WS obtained an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.932 and a Cronbach α coefficient > 0.90. The FIQL obtained intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility ranging from 0.929 to 0.957 and from 0.944 to 0.969, respectively.

Conclusions The WS and the FIQL have satisfactory reliability and validity for use during gynecological consultations.
Intralabyrinthine Schwannomas: Disease Presentation, Tumor Management, and Hearing Rehabilitation
Authors: Choudhury Baishakhi , Carlson Matthew , Jethanamest Daniel
Published: March 2019

Intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILS) are rare tumors that frequently cause sensorineural hearing loss. The development and increased use of magnetic resonance imaging in recent years have facilitated the diagnosis of these tumors that present with otherwise nondiscriminant symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss. The following is a review of the presentation, pathophysiology, imaging, and treatment with a focused discussion on auditory rehabilitation options of ILS.
Hypothyroidism Increases 90-Day Complications and Cost Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Damodar Dhanur , Vakharia Ajit , Zachwieja Erik , Vakharia Rushabh , Hernandez Victor , Roche Martin W.
Published: March 2019

Hypothyroidism is common, and the incidence has been increasing annually in the United States. Abnormalities in thyroid hormone can have several effects on the endocrine, immune, and musculoskeletal systems of the body. The influence of hypothyroidism on outcomes following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not well reported. The authors hypothesized that hypothyroidism was associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications and 90-day costs following primary THA. A retrospective review from 2005 to 2014 was performed using the Medicare Standard Analytical Files from the Pearl Diver database. Utilizing International Classification of Disease 9th revision (ICD-9) codes, the authors identified patients who underwent THA. Patients with a concurrent diagnosis of hypothyroidism were matched by age, gender, and Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI) to a control group. Ninety-day postoperative complications, readmission rates, complications related to implants, and cost of care were compared and assessed following primary THA between matched cohorts. Statistical analysis was performed using the programming language R (University of Auckland) to calculate odds ratios (OR) along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and p-values. A total of 383,898 patients underwent primary THA. Among them, 191,949 patients were diagnosed with hypothyroidism and 191,949 patients without hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was associated with greater odds of postoperative complications (p < 0.001), 90-day readmission rates (p < 0.001), implant related complications (p < 0.001), and total global 90-day episode of care cost (U.S. $17,549.96 vs. $16,645.01; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated an increased risk of postoperative complications (medical or implant related), increased readmission rates, and higher costs among patients with hypothyroidism following primary THA. Surgeons should counsel patients and determine strategies to medically optimize patients to mitigate risk and decrease cost.
Detection of Anti-Cardiolipin and Anti-β2glycoprotein I Antibodies Differs between Platforms without Influence on Association with Clinical Symptoms
Authors: Chayoua Walid , Kelchtermans Hilde , Moore Gary , Gris Jean-Christophe , Musial Jacek , Wahl Denis , Zuily Stéphane , Gianniello Francesca , Fontana Pierre , Remijn Jasper , Urbanus Rolf , de Laat Bas , Devreese Katrien
Published: March 2019

Background The anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with persistent presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Laboratory criteria include aPL detection by coagulation tests for lupus anticoagulant (LAC) or solid phase assays measuring anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) or anti-cardiolipin (aCL) immunoglobulin (Ig) G/IgM antibodies. External quality control programs illustrate that commercially available aPL assays produce variable results.

Objective We aimed to investigate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of solid phase assays.

Materials and Methods In this multi-centre study, 1,168 patient samples were tested on one site for aCL and aβ2GPI IgG/IgM antibodies by four solid phase test systems. Samples included APS patients, controls and monoclonal antibodies (MoAB) against different epitopes of β2GPI. LAC was determined by the local centre.

Results aCL IgM assays resulted in the most discrepancies (60%), while aCL IgG and aβ2GPI IgM assays resulted in lower discrepancies (36%), suggesting better agreement. Discrepant samples displayed lower median aPL titers. Dependent on the solid phase test system, odds ratios (ORs) for thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity ranged from 1.98 to 2.56 and 3.42 to 4.78, respectively. Three platforms showed lower sensitivity for MoAB directed against the glycine (Gly) 40-arginine (Arg) 43 epitope of domain I of β2GPI.

Conclusion Poor agreement was observed between different commercially available aCL and aβ2GPI IgG/IgM assays, hampering uniformity in the identification of aPL-positive patients. Clinical association was globally concordant between solid phase test systems considering results of the four aPL together. An assay sensitive in detecting the MoAB against Gly40-Arg43 of domain I of β2GPI reached the highest OR for thrombosis.
Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Umbilical Cord Milking in Preterm Multiple Gestations
Authors: Rodriguez Christina E. , Metz Torri D. , Patel Shrena , Abbaszadeh Minda , Yoder Bradley A. , Bardsley Tyler , Clark Erin A. S.
Published: March 2019

Objective Our aim was to evaluate the effect of umbilical cord milking on outcomes for preterm multiples.

Study Design We implemented a policy of cord milking in neonates born at less than 30 weeks' gestation in September 2011. We compared cord milking in multiples with a historical cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the effect of cord milking on a composite neonatal adverse outcome. Secondary outcomes were hematocrit at birth, need for blood transfusion, and inotrope use.

Results We identified 149 neonates (120 twins, 29 triplets), 51 historical controls, and 98 neonates with cord milking. Cord milking was associated with a lower rate of adverse composite neonatal outcome in univariable analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.84). However, in multivariable modeling, the effect was not significant (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23–1.28). Hematocrit was 4.6 unit % (95% CI: 2–7.3) higher in the cord milking group, and cord milking was associated with a lower rate of blood transfusion (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.1–0.74; p = 0.01). There was no difference in inotrope administration.

Conclusion Umbilical cord milking was not associated with a decrease in composite neonatal adverse outcome. However, we observed an increase in hematocrit and decreased need for blood transfusion in neonates with cord milking.
Single-Step Resection of Sphenoorbital Meningiomas and Orbital Reconstruction Using Customized CAD/CAM Implants
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Stavrinou Pantelis , Stranjalis George , Timmer Marco , Goldbrunner Roland , Krischek Boris
Published: March 2019

Objective Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) implants are fabricated based on volumetric analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans and are routinely used for the reconstruction of orbital fractures. We present three cases of patients with sphenoorbital meningiomas that underwent tumor resection, orbital decompression, and orbital reconstruction with patient specific porous titanium or acrylic implants in a single procedure.

Methods The extent of bone resection of the sphenoorbital meningiomas was planned in a virtual three-dimensional (3D) environment using preoperative thin-layer CT data. The anatomy of the orbital wall in the resection area was reconstructed by superimposing the contralateral unaffected orbit and by using the information of the neighboring bony structures. The customized implants and a corresponding craniotomy template were designed in the desired size and shape by the manufacturer.

Results All patients presented with a sphenoorbital meningioma and exophthalmos. After osteoclastic craniotomy with the drilling template, orbital decompression was performed. Implant fitting was tight in two cases and could be easily fixated with miniplates and screws. In the third patient, a reoperation was necessary for additional bone resection, as well as drilling and repositioning of the implant. The postoperative CT scans showed an accurate reconstruction of the orbital wall. After surgery, exophthalmos was substantially reduced and a satisfying cosmetic result could be finally achieved in all patients.

Conclusions The concept of preoperative 3D virtual treatment planning and single-step orbital reconstruction with CAD/CAM implants after tumor resection involving the orbit is well feasible and can lead to good cosmetic results.
The Outcomes of Isolated Distal Realignment Procedures in Patellofemoral Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Lim Sheng Yang , Wong Keng Lin , Doshi Chintan , Lim Andrew Kean Seng , Hui James Hoipo
Published: March 2019

Distal realignment procedures are now commonly performed routinely with proximal realignment procedures. Despite so, only a limited number of publications exist that have looked into the efficacy of isolated distal realignment procedures, and whether there is indeed a need for routine proximal realignment procedures to be added to the distal realignment procedures. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the outcomes of isolated distal realignment procedures in the management of patellofemoral instability. The review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRSIMA) guidelines. All studies that reported the outcomes of isolated distal realignment procedures for patellofemoral instability were included. A total of six publications were included, with 347 knees. All studies consistently reported a decrease in the rates of patellofemoral instability or maltracking (odds ratio [OR]: < 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: < 0.01–0.01) and an increase in the odds of having a good outcome (OR: 0.01; 95% CI: < 0.01–0.02) after distal realignment procedures. A total of 24 out of 306 patients (7.8%) had postoperative instability or maltracking, and a total of 220 out of 303 patients (72.6%) were rated to have good or excellent outcomes postoperatively. Isolated distal realignment procedures can lead to good outcomes when used in the management of patellofemoral instability. These include a significantly decreased rate of patellofemoral instability or maltracking and a significantly increased number of patients with excellent or good outcomes postoperatively. Comparisons between patients with and without additional proximal realignment procedures suggest that additional proximal realignment procedures do not definitely improve the outcomes of distal realignment procedures and, therefore, should not be routinely performed in all patients undergoing distal realignment procedures. The Level of Evidence for this study is IV.
Delayed Achievement of Oral Feedings Is Associated with Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 to 26 Months Follow-up in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lainwala Shabnam , Kosyakova Natalia , Power Kimberly , Hussain Naveed , Moore James E. , Hagadorn James I. , Brownell Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2019

Objective This study aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants at 18 to 26 months corrected age (CA) who did versus did not achieve full oral feedings at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design This retrospective study included infants born between 2010 and 2015 with gestational age <32 weeks and followed between 18 and 26 months CA. Achievement of full oral feedings was defined as oral intake >130 mL/kg/d for >72 hours by 40 weeks PMA. Incidence of cognitive, language, or motor delay, or cerebral palsy at 18 to 26 months CA was compared in multivariable analyses for infants in the two feeding groups.

Results Of 372 included infants, those achieving full oral feedings had lower incidence of any adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (p < 0.001) compared with those who did not achieve full oral feedings. In multivariable analyses, achievement of full oral feedings by 40 weeks PMA was associated with decreased odds of cognitive, language, and motor delays, cerebral palsy, and any adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at follow-up.

Conclusion Achievement of full oral feedings by 40 weeks PMA was associated with better adjusted neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 26 months CA. Inability to fully feed orally at 40 weeks PMA may be a simple, clinically useful marker for risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase-to-Platelet Ratio as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients after Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Ying-Ying , Wu Ting-Ting , Chen You , Hou Xian-Geng , Yang Yi , Ma Xiang , Ma Yi-Tong , Zhang Jin-Ying , Xie Xiang
Published: March 2019

Background Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and liver disease, and it has been reported that the GGT-to-platelet ratio (GPR) is an independent predictor for adverse outcomes from liver fibrosis and hepatic carcinoma. However, the relation between the GPR and adverse outcomes in CAD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been investigated.

Methods A total of 5,636 patients enrolled in Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI, a retrospective cohort study, from January 2008 to December 2016, were divided into two groups according to GPR (GPR < 0.12, n = 2,769 and GPR ≥ 0.12, n = 2,867). The primary outcome was long-term mortality including all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM) after PCI. The average follow-up time was 35.9 ± 22.6 months.

Results We found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of ACM (p = 0.011), CM (p = 0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, p < 0.024), major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs, p = 0.014) and bleeding events (p = 0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that GPR was an independent predictor for ACM (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.536 [95% confidence interval [CI]:1.162–2.032], p = 0.003), CM (HR: 1.763 [95% CI: 1.283–2.424], p < 0.001), MACCEs (HR: 1.269 [95% CI: 1.066–1.511], p = 0.007) and MACEs (HR: 1.308 [95% CI: 1.089–1.570], p = 0.004) in stable CAD patients but that it was an independent predictor for only the incidence of bleeding events (HR: 3.104 [95% CI: 1.680–5.736], p < 0.001) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Conclusion This study indicates that GPR is an independent and novel predictor of adverse long-term outcomes in CAD patients who underwent PCI.
Scalp Reconstruction after Malignant Tumor Resection: An Analysis and Algorithm
Authors: Ehrl Denis , Brueggemann Alexandra , Broer P. Niclas , Koban Konstantin , Giunta Riccardo , Thon Niklas
Published: March 2019

Background An oncologic tumor resection of the scalp can result in complex wounds that result in challenging scalp reconstructions. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of microvascular-based scalp reconstructions (MSR) in oncologic patients and to propose an algorithmic treatment approach.

Methods Within a 5-year period, 38 patients having undergone 41 MSR (15 anterolateral thigh (ALT), 15 gracilis muscle (GM), and 11 latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) flaps) after extensive scalp tumor resections fulfilled inclusion criteria for this study.

Results Malignant skin disease included superficial and/or deep infiltration of the calvarium in 26 and combined intracranial infiltration in 12 patients. In case of bone replacement (24 patients), MSR was done concomitant, otherwise MSR was performed after pathological confirmation of tumor-free margins. LDM flaps were used in cases with defect sizes of 400 to 1250cm2, whereas ALT- and GM flaps were chosen for defects ranging from 40 to 350cm2. The average length of the pedicle was comparable in ALT- and LDM flaps and longer than in GM flaps. Total flap loss with need for revision surgery and minor donor site morbidity occurred in four and three patients, respectively.

Conclusion Microsurgical reconstruction of moderate-to-extensive scalp defects remains a reliable method with overall low risks and satisfactory aesthetic results, while, according to our experience, muscle flaps show the best functional and aesthetic results. However, in cases of central scalp defects and in situations when a long vascular pedicle of the flap is important, the ALT flap seems to be the best solution.
Endovascular Treatment of Aorta-Iliac Aneurysms with a Flared Iliac Limb
Authors: Balezantis Tomas , Duvnjak Stevo
Published: March 2019

Endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR) relies on the quality of the proximal and distal landing zone. Reinterventions are higher in patients with suboptimal landing zone. The study aimed to evaluate reintervention rate after endovascular treatment of an aorta-iliac aneurysm using the flared iliac limbs.

The retrospective study included 179 patients treated with EVAR at a single university hospital institution from January 2011 to January 2014 of which 75 patients (42%) were treated with flared iliac limb stent graft and 104 patients (58%) were treated with a nonflared iliac limb stent graft. There were 165 male patients (92%), mean age was 75.8 ± 6.6 years.

Thirty-six patients underwent secondary treatment accounting for overall reintervention rate of 20%. Endoleak type 1b occurred in 13 patients (7%), followed by endoleak type 1a in six patients (3%). Endoleak type 2 occurred in seven patients (4%) requiring the treatment due to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) enlargement, endoleak type 3 in three patients (2%), and leg stent graft thrombosis in seven patients (4%). In 143 patients (80%), there were no secondary interventions during the follow-up period. Reintervention due to endoleak type 1b was statistically significantly higher in a flared iliac limb group (p < 0.02) with the rate of 7.2% compared with 1.9% rate in nonflared iliac limb group. The mean follow-up was 44.3 ± 20.4. Overall mortality was 33%.

Flared iliac limb with a distal diameter of ≥ 20 mm, show a higher rate of iliac limb reintervention in a follow-up period due to endoleak type 1b.
Optimal errors and phase transitions in high-dimensional generalized linear models
Authors: Barbier Jean , Krzakala Florent , Macris Nicolas , Miolane Léo , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: March 2019

Generalized linear models (GLMs) are used in high-dimensional machine learning, statistics, communications, and signal processing. In this paper we analyze GLMs when the data matrix is random, as relevant in problems such as compressed sensing, error-correcting codes, or benchmark models in neural networks. We evaluate the mutual information (or “free entropy”) from which we deduce the Bayes-optimal estimation and generalization errors. Our analysis applies to the high-dimensional limit where both the number of samples and the dimension are large and their ratio is fixed. Nonrigorous predictions for the optimal errors existed for special cases of GLMs, e.g., for the perceptron, in the field of statistical physics based on the so-called replica method. Our present paper rigorously establishes those decades-old conjectures and brings forward their algorithmic interpretation in terms of performance of the generalized approximate message-passing algorithm. Furthermore, we tightly characterize, for many learning problems, regions of parameters for which this algorithm achieves the optimal performance and locate the associated sharp phase transitions separating learnable and nonlearnable regions. We believe that this random version of GLMs can serve as a challenging benchmark for multipurpose algorithms.
Domain topology, stability, and translation speed determine mechanical force generation on the ribosome
Authors: Leininger Sarah E. , Trovato Fabio , Nissley Daniel A. , O’Brien Edward P.
Published: March 2019

Significance

Mechanochemistry, the influence of molecular-scale mechanical forces on chemical processes, can occur on actively translating ribosomes through the force-generating actions of motor proteins and the cotranslational folding of domains. Such forces are transmitted to the ribosome’s catalytic core and alter rates of protein synthesis, representing a form of mechanical allosteric communication. These changes in translation–elongation kinetics are biologically important because they can influence protein structure, function, and localization within a cell. Many fundamental questions are unresolved concerning the properties of protein domains that determine mechanical force generation; the effect of translation speed on this force; and exactly how, at the molecular level, force is generated. In this study we answer these questions using molecular simulations and statistical mechanical modeling.
Interactive programming paradigm for real-time experimentation with remote living matter
Authors: Washington Peter , Samuel-Gama Karina G. , Goyal Shirish , Ramaswami Ashwin , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H.
Published: March 2019

Recent advancements in life-science instrumentation and automation enable entirely new modes of human interaction with microbiological processes and corresponding applications for science and education through biology cloud laboratories. A critical barrier for remote and on-site life-science experimentation (for both experts and nonexperts alike) is the absence of suitable abstractions and interfaces for programming living matter. To this end we conceptualize a programming paradigm that provides stimulus and sensor control functions for real-time manipulation of physical biological matter. Additionally, a simulation mode facilitates higher user throughput, program debugging, and biophysical modeling. To evaluate this paradigm, we implemented a JavaScript-based web toolkit, “Bioty,” that supports real-time interaction with swarms of phototactic
Euglena
cells hosted on a cloud laboratory. Studies with remote and on-site users demonstrate that individuals with little to no biology knowledge and intermediate programming knowledge were able to successfully create and use scientific applications and games. This work informs the design of programming environments for controlling living matter in general, for living material microfabrication and swarm robotics applications, and for lowering the access barriers to the life sciences for professional and citizen scientists, learners, and the lay public.
Spatiotemporal coupling of attosecond pulses
Authors: Wikmark Hampus , Guo Chen , Vogelsang Jan , Smorenburg Peter W. , Coudert-Alteirac Hélène , Lahl Jan , Peschel Jasper , Rudawski Piotr , Dacasa Hugo , Carlström Stefanos , Maclot Sylvain , Gaarde Mette B. , Johnsson Per , Arnold Cord L. , L’Huillier Anne
Published: March 2019

Significance

In most optics textbooks, one writes the electric field describing an optical wave as a product of temporal and spatial amplitudes. This approximation often breaks down for short optical pulses. An example of such spatiotemporal coupling is chromatic aberrations, where the focal properties of the radiation vary with frequency over the pulse bandwidth. In this work, we point out significant chromatic aberrations of attosecond pulses, which depend on the geometry of the generation process. These aberrations are intrinsic to the generation process and need to be eliminated in applications requiring attosecond pulses to be focused over a small region.
Formylglycine-generating enzyme binds substrate directly at a mononuclear Cu(I) center to initiate O
2
activation
Authors: Appel Mason J. , Meier Katlyn K. , Lafrance-Vanasse Julien , Lim Hyeongtaek , Tsai Chi-Lin , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O. , Tainer John A. , Solomon Edward I. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: March 2019

The formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) is required for the posttranslational activation of type I sulfatases by oxidation of an active-site cysteine to C
α
-formylglycine. FGE has emerged as an enabling biotechnology tool due to the robust utility of the aldehyde product as a bioconjugation handle in recombinant proteins. Here, we show that Cu(I)–FGE is functional in O
2
activation and reveal a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of FGE in complex with its catalytic copper cofactor. We establish that the copper atom is coordinated by two active-site cysteine residues in a nearly linear geometry, supporting and extending prior biochemical and structural data. The active cuprous FGE complex was interrogated directly by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These data unambiguously establish the configuration of the resting enzyme metal center and, importantly, reveal the formation of a three-coordinate tris(thiolate) trigonal planar complex upon substrate binding as furthermore supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Critically, inner-sphere substrate coordination turns on O
2
activation at the copper center. These collective results provide a detailed mechanistic framework for understanding why nature chose this structurally unique monocopper active site to catalyze oxidase chemistry for sulfatase activation.
Disrupting information alters the behavioral response to a mutual signal trait in both sexes of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) burying beetles
Authors: Wormington Jillian D , Luttbeg Barney
Published: March 2019

Effective signals transfer information in a way that enhances the fitness of the sender. Signal traits are often sexually dimorphic. However, in some species, males and females display similar signals, and these mutual signals are less often studied. Competition for resources occurs in both males and females, and mate choice is likely to occur whenever mates vary in quality and reproductive investment is high. Nicrophorus burying beetles compete intrasexually over the carrion resources on which they biparentally raise their young. Nicrophorus species also often have clypeal membranes which scale hyperallometrically with body size, exaggerating the apparent body size of larger individuals. To examine the potential signaling function of clypeal membranes, we examined the behavioral responses of male and female Nicrophorus orbicollis and Nicrophorus pustulatus burying beetles to same- and opposite-sex social partners which had their membranes painted black or clear. We found evidence that blocking the information in clypeal membranes affected intrasexual aggressive interactions for both sexes of both species. Blocking a female’s signal reduced the likelihood of mating attempts for male N. pustulatus, whereas blocking a male’s signal influenced female rejection behaviors in N. orbicollis. Our results show that males and females can experience similar selection pressures, and suggest that examining mutual signals in a broader range of systems will expand our understanding of evolutionary differences and similarities between the sexes.
Conformity in the collective: differences in hunger affect individual and group behavior in a shoaling fish
Authors: Wilson Alexander D M , Burns Alicia L J , Crosato Emanuele , Lizier Joseph , Prokopenko Mikhail , Schaerf Timothy M , Ward Ashley J W
Published: March 2019

Animal groups are often composed of individuals that vary according to behavioral, morphological, and internal state parameters. Understanding the importance of such individual-level heterogeneity to the establishment and maintenance of coherent group responses is of fundamental interest in collective behavior. We examined the influence of hunger on the individual and collective behavior of groups of shoaling fish, x-ray tetras (Pristella maxillaris). Fish were assigned to one of two nutritional states, satiated or hungry, and then allocated to 5 treatments that represented different ratios of satiated to hungry individuals (8 hungry, 8 satiated, 4:4 hungry:satiated, 2:6 hungry:satiated, 6:2 hungry:satiated). Our data show that groups with a greater proportion of hungry fish swam faster and exhibited greater nearest neighbor distances. Within groups, however, there was no difference in the swimming speeds of hungry versus well-fed fish, suggesting that group members conform and adapt their swimming speed according to the overall composition of the group. We also found significant differences in mean group transfer entropy, suggesting stronger patterns of information flow in groups comprising all, or a majority of, hungry individuals. In contrast, we did not observe differences in polarization, a measure of group alignment, within groups across treatments. Taken together these results demonstrate that the nutritional state of animals within social groups impacts both individual and group behavior, and that members of heterogenous groups can adapt their behavior to facilitate coherent collective motion.
The Attentional Blink is Related to the Microsaccade Rate Signature
Authors: Roberts Mark J , Lange Gesa , Van Der Veen Tracey , Lowet Eric , De Weerd Peter
Published: March 2019

The reduced detectability of a target T2 following discrimination of a preceding target T1 in the attentional blink (AB) paradigm is classically interpreted as a consequence of reduced attention to T2 due to attentional allocation to T1. Here, we investigated whether AB was related to changes in microsaccade rate (MSR). We found a pronounced MSR signature following T1 onset, characterized by MSR suppression from 200 to 328 ms and enhancement from 380 to 568 ms. Across participants, the magnitude of the MSR suppression correlated with the AB effect such that low T2 detectability corresponded to reduced MSR. However, in the same task, T1 error trials coincided with the presence of microsaccades. We discuss this apparent paradox in terms of known neurophysiological correlates of MS whereby cortical excitability is suppressed both during the microsaccade and MSR suppression, in accordance to poor T1 performance with microsaccade occurrence and poor T2 performance with microsaccade absence. Our data suggest a novel low-level mechanism contributing to AB characterized by reduced MSR, thought to cause suppressed visual cortex excitability. This opens the question of whether attention mediates T2 performance suppression independently from MSR, and if not, how attention interacts with MSR to produce the T2 performance suppression.
Baseline Chest Computed Tomography for Early Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Hemato-oncological Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bitterman Roni , Hardak Emilia , Raines Marina , Stern Anat , Zuckerman Tzila , Ofran Yishai , Lavi Noa , Guralnik Luda , Frisch Avraham , Nudelman Olga , Paul Mical , Oren Ilana
Published: March 2019

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has dire consequences in hemato-oncological patients. We report our experience with performing routine baseline chest computed tomography for early diagnosis of IPA. We found high rates of proven or probable IPA diagnosed on admission among patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
The Origins of Peter’s Pence
Authors: Naismith Rory , Tinti Francesca
Published: March 2019

Peter’s Pence began as an annual donation from England to the papacy. It was later taken up more widely and lasted until the Reformation in England, but its beginnings are much murkier. This article reassesses the earliest forms of Peter’s Pence in the period before 1066. Offerings made by individual Anglo-Saxon pilgrims to Rome gave rise to more regular gifts from several kings between Offa (757–96) and Alfred (871–99); under the latter, gifts also began to be associated with the people as well as the king. A fully articulated mechanism for raising Peter’s Pence only emerges later, however, in the time of Edgar (959–75) and his successors, especially Æthelred II (978–1016). The nature of the national and local frameworks which were used to extract, channel and safeguard the render are assessed in detail, based on sources from across England. Bishops played a central role in this system, above all the archbishop of Canterbury, who received the collected tribute from the kingdom as a whole. The article, utilising a variety of chronicles, law codes and religious texts, as well as coins, stresses the significance of the emergence of Peter’s Pence for views of late Anglo-Saxon England’s government and religious ideology. Comparisons with gifts to Rome from post-Conquest England and from other parts of early medieval Europe underscore the uniqueness of Anglo-Saxon England’s large and regular offering—a powerful reflection of its close and ongoing relationship with St Peter and his heirs.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Gieles Noor C , Tankink Julia B , van Midde Myrthe , Düker Johannes , van der Lans Peggy , Wessels Catherina M , Bloemenkamp Kitty W M , Bonsel Gouke , van den Akker Thomas , Goosen Simone , Rijken Marcus J , Browne Joyce L
Published: March 2019

Background

Asylum seekers (AS) and undocumented migrants (UM) are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to adverse health determinants and compromised maternal healthcare access and service quality. Considering recent migratory patterns and the absence of a robust overview, a systematic review was conducted on maternal and perinatal outcomes in AS and UM in Europe.

Methods

Systematic literature searches were performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE (until 1 May 2017), complemented by a grey literature search (until 1 June 2017). Primary research articles reporting on any maternal or perinatal outcome, published between 2007 and 2017 in English/Dutch were eligible for inclusion. Review protocols were registered on Prospero: CRD42017062375 and CRD42017062477. Due to heterogeneity in study populations and outcomes, results were synthesized narratively.

Results

Of 4652 peer-reviewed articles and 145 grey literature sources screened, 11 were included from 4 European countries. Several studies reported adverse outcomes including higher maternal mortality (AS), severe acute maternal morbidity (AS), preterm birth (UM) and low birthweight (UM). Risk of bias was generally acceptable, although the limited number and quality of some studies preclude definite conclusions.

Conclusion

Limited evidence is available on pregnancy outcomes in AS and UM in Europe. The adverse outcomes reported imply that removing barriers to high-quality maternal care should be a priority. More research focussing on migrant subpopulations, considering potential risk factors such as ethnicity and legal status, is needed to guide policy and optimize care.
Individual trophic specialization in juvenile European seabass: implications for the management of a commercially important species
Authors: Cobain Matthew R D , Steward Will , Trueman Clive N , Jensen Antony
Published: March 2019

Individual differences in diet can play an important role defining a population's ecological niche and its role within food webs and habitats, but individual trophic specialization is rarely considered in a fisheries context. Stocks of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, have declined in recent years, and policy has focused on managing fishing effort. Inshore nursery grounds represent a critical habitat in terms of recruitment to standing stocks, and improved understanding of the ecology of juvenile seabass at the level of the individual may assist the development of management strategies aimed at maximizing their survival and growth. We quantified levels of individual trophic specialization in juvenile seabass using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses at a monthly resolution over an annual cycle. We found significant, seasonally varying levels of individual specialization in stomach contents, with reduced specialization observed in the spring. This was corroborated by stable isotope analyses, where isotopic variance among seabass individuals was significantly higher compared to that in two other concurrently sampled, sympatric bentho-pelagic predators. Our findings suggest that juvenile seabass form trophic-generalist populations composed of specialized individuals. Considering variation in individual behaviours may improve management strategies aimed at protecting the vulnerable life stages of this commercially important species.