bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in the Dentate Nucleus Following Kindling-induced Seizures in
Rats
Authors: Luna Rudy , Taddei Elisa , Rosiles Artemio , Hernandez Leonardo , Rubio Carmen
Published: December 2021

Background:

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by abnormal
and recurrent neuronal discharges that result in epileptic seizures. The dentate nuclei of the cerebellum
receive excitatory input from different brain regions. Purkinje cell loss due to chronic seizures
could lead to decreased inhibition of these excitatory neurons, resulting in the activation of apoptotic
cascades in the dentate nucleus.

Objective:

The present study was designed to determine whether there is a presence of apoptosis
(either intrinsic or extrinsic) in the dentate nucleus, the final relay of the cerebellar circuit, following
kindling-induced seizures.

Methods:

In order to determine this, seizures were triggered via the amygdaloid kindling model.
Following 0, 15, or 45 stimuli, rats were sacrificed, and the cerebellum was extracted. It was posteriorly
prepared for the immunohistochemical analysis with cell death biomarkers: TUNEL, Bcl-2,
truncated Bid (tBid), Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase 3 (active form). Our findings reproduce
results obtained in other parts of the cerebellum.

Results:

We found a decrease of Bcl-2 expression, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the dentate nucleus
of kindled rats. We also determined the presence of TUNEL-positive neurons, which confirms the
presence of apoptosis in the dentate nucleus. We observed the expression of tBid, Bax, as well as
cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3, the main executor caspase of apoptosis.

Conclusion:

There is a clear activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in the
cells of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum of rats subjected to amygdaloid kindling.
Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma to the larynx
Authors: Vrebac Ilinko , Braut Tamara , Velepič Marko , Maršić Matej , Vukelić Jelena , Dekanić Andrea , Zahirović Dag , Marijić Blažen
Published: December 2021

Renal clear cell metastatic carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely rare diagnosis with poor survival. The objective of this short review is to provide insight into current state of literature on this rare neoplasm. Additionally we include the case of a patient with metastatic process of the thyroid cartilage that was treated with novel targeted therapies which enabled prolonged survival and good quality of life. These findings support their inclusion in treatment protocols of patients with metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma of the larynx, especially in those refusing surgery which is the main treatment option in literature so far.
Small bowel perforation with iliac artery prosthesis stump
Authors: Figl Josip , Škorak Ivan , Papeš Dino , Romić Ivan , Lojo Nermin , Pavić Predrag , Petrović Igor
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this case we report an unusual complication after retroperitoneal formation of an iliac artery prosthesis-stump – a bowel perforation and sepsis. Case report: During the open urology surgery a right external iliac artery was iatrogenic injured and iliofemoral bypass grafting was performed. Eight months thereafter, due to an inguinal site graft infection and graft occlusion, the distal part of the prosthesis was transacted and removed, and the proximal, retroperitoneal part, was closed and over sewn in the zone without any sign of infection present. This prosthesis-stump caused a very unusual complication – a small bowel perforation three months thereafter. Conclusion: The whole retroperitoneal graft should always be removed with no stump formation to avoid this complication.
The Use of Food Images and Crowdsourcing to Capture Real-time Eating Behaviors: Acceptability and Usability Study
Authors: Harrington Katharine , Zenk Shannon N , Van Horn Linda , Giurini Lauren , Mahakala Nithya , Kershaw Kiarri N
Published: December 2021

Background

As poor diet quality is a significant risk factor for multiple noncommunicable diseases prevalent in the United States, it is important that methods be developed to accurately capture eating behavior data. There is growing interest in the use of ecological momentary assessments to collect data on health behaviors and their predictors on a micro timescale (at different points within or across days); however, documenting eating behaviors remains a challenge.

Objective

This pilot study (N=48) aims to examine the feasibility—usability and acceptability—of using smartphone-captured and crowdsource-labeled images to document eating behaviors in real time.

Methods

Participants completed the Block Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener to provide a measure of their typical eating behavior, then took pictures of their meals and snacks and answered brief survey questions for 7 consecutive days using a commercially available smartphone app. Participant acceptability was determined through a questionnaire regarding their experiences administered at the end of the study. The images of meals and snacks were uploaded to Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing distributed human intelligence platform, where 2 Workers assigned a count of food categories to the images (fruits, vegetables, salty snacks, and sweet snacks). The agreement among MTurk Workers was assessed, and weekly food counts were calculated and compared with the Screener responses.

Results

Participants reported little difficulty in uploading photographs and remembered to take photographs most of the time. Crowdsource-labeled images (n=1014) showed moderate agreement between the MTurk Worker responses for vegetables (688/1014, 67.85%) and high agreement for all other food categories (871/1014, 85.89% for fruits; 847/1014, 83.53% for salty snacks, and 833/1014, 81.15% for sweet snacks). There were no significant differences in weekly food consumption between the food images and the Block Screener, suggesting that this approach may measure typical eating behaviors as accurately as traditional methods, with lesser burden on participants.

Conclusions

Our approach offers a potentially time-efficient and cost-effective strategy for capturing eating events in real time.
One-Year Postfracture Mortality Rate in Older Adults With Hip Fractures Relative to Other Lower Extremity Fractures: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dimet-Wiley Andrea , Golovko George , Watowich Stanley J
Published: December 2021

Background

Hip fracture in older adults is tied to increased mortality risk. Deconvolution of the mortality risk specific to hip fracture from that of various other fracture types has not been performed in recent hip fracture studies but is critical to determining current unmet needs for therapeutic intervention.

Objective

This study examined whether hip fracture increases the 1-year postfracture mortality rate relative to several other fracture types and determined whether dementia or type 2 diabetes (T2D) exacerbates postfracture mortality risk.

Methods

TriNetX Diamond Network data were used to identify patients with a single event of fracture of the hip, the upper humerus, or several regions near and distal to the hip occurring from 60 to 89 years of age from 2010 to 2019. Propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier, and hazard ratio analyses were performed for all fracture groupings relative to hip fracture. One-year postfracture mortality rates in elderly populations with dementia or T2D were established.

Results

One-year mortality rates following hip fracture consistently exceeded all other lower extremity fracture groupings as well as the upper humerus. Survival probabilities were significantly lower in the hip fracture groups, even after propensity score matching was performed on cohorts for a variety of broad categories of characteristics. Dementia in younger elderly cohorts acted synergistically with hip fracture to exacerbate the 1-year mortality risk. T2D did not exacerbate the 1-year mortality risk beyond mere additive effects.

Conclusions

Elderly patients with hip fracture have a significantly decreased survival probability. Greatly increased 1-year mortality rates following hip fracture may arise from differences in bone quality, bone density, trauma, concomitant fractures, postfracture treatments or diagnoses, restoration of prefracture mobility, or a combination thereof. The synergistic effect of dementia may suggest detrimental mechanistic or behavioral combinations for these 2 comorbidities. Renewed efforts should focus on modulating the mechanisms behind this heightened mortality risk, with particular attention to mobility and comorbid dementia.
How is the State Perceived as Fair? A Literature Review of Social Identity-Based Procedural Justice in the National Context
Authors: Larasati Andina Mega , Hudiyana Joevarian , Muluk Hamdi
Published: December 2021

Justice is relevant in various domains of life, including the state. The social identity-based procedural justice theories (Group Value Model and Group Engagement Model) emphasize the importance of procedural justice from the authority in signaling the group’s inclusion and respect, thus increasing individuals’ cooperation and compliance. This article aims to critically review published literature using the two models in a national context, of which there were inconsistent findings regarding the role of group identification. Three issues are underlying this inconsistency. First, both models could be applied when national identity was salient, such as legal compliance (to taxation and traffic law). Second, perceived police legitimacy is a better mediator when the national identity was not salient (e. g. cooperation in counter-terrorism and crowd policing). Third, the effect of procedural justice depends on the motivation to secure identity (which is generally higher among minority/marginalized groups). As both models are strongly bound by context, the author suggests controlling police-national identity prototypicality on studies about police procedural justice, attitude toward outgroup and relational identification with the police on studies involving intergroup conflict, and uncertainty about membership status on studies toward minority groups. Hopefully, this article could contribute references and encourage related studies in Indonesia.
La difusión de la producción científica en el ámbito de las Humanidades: el caso de la Universidad de León
Authors: Fernández-Ramos Andrés , Barrionuevo Leticia
Published: December 2021

La difusión de la producción científica se ha convertido en un nuevo quehacer de los investigadores. Además de los tradicionales, han surgido otros canales para dar a conocer esas publicaciones al resto de la comunidad científica, como las redes sociales académicas, los identificadores de autores o los repositorios institucionales. Se compara el uso que hacen los investigadores del área de Humanidades de la Universidad de León de cinco plataformas de difusión de producción científica: ORCID, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, y el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de León. Se analiza la presencia de los investigadores en estas plataformas y la producción científica depositada o vinculada a su perfil. Se observa una gran presencia de estos investigadores en ORCID y en el repositorio institucional, aunque en muchos casos con perfiles incompletos y desactualizados. La presencia en redes sociales académicas es menor y los perfiles creados tampoco recogen toda la producción científica de sus autores; sin embargo, para depositar copias en acceso abierto, los investigadores prefieren las redes sociales al repositorio institucional. Es necesario fomentar el uso de las plataformas de difusión de producción científica, especialmente de los repositorios institucionales, siendo la biblioteca un agente fundamental en esta labor.
Resistencias pacíficas en la sierra de la Nueva Vizcaya, siglo XVII
Authors: Delgadillo Galindo Sergio
Published: December 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo es mostrar la diversa gama de acciones no armadas que efectuaron grupos de acaxees, xiximes y tepehuanes contra la imposición de la cultura occidental desde el periodo de transición hasta el siglo XVII. De igual forma, se abordarán sus repercusiones y trascendencia en el orden colonial y social tanto a nivel administrativo como en el aspecto ideológico. Debido a que las fuentes en fechas tempranas sobre este tema son escasas, se recurrió al análisis del poder mediante discursos ocultos. Se ha dividido el estudio en tres tipos de resistencias no armadas denominados como rostros: el religioso, el cotidiano y el de supervivencia.
protagonismo de Tetzcoco en la Conquista a través del lente de Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl
Authors: Battcock Clementina , Vásquez Galicia Sergio Ángel
Published: December 2021

Integrante de un núcleo de autores nahuas de finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII, descendientes de los antiguos grupos gobernantes de la cuenca de México, Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl hizo en sus obras una importante valoración de la historia prehispánica considerando narrativas que partían de Tetzcoco y los tetzcocanos como centrales en los procesos políticos de la región, además de presentarlos como aliados  fundamentales de las tropas capitaneadas por Hernán Cortés. Este estudio presenta discusiones en torno a la intencionalidad de su escritura y el contexto político de la época como ejes centrales de su marco interpretativo, y busca contribuir con una serie de reflexiones críticas a los argumentos dados sobre la visión explicativa del autor sobre su pasado y su linaje. Además, destaca el papel medular de Ixtlilxóchitl como fuente en las consideraciones historiográficas que líneas de discusión recientes, como la “historiografía novohispana de tradición indígena” y la “conquista indígena de Mesoamérica”, han hecho sobre nuestras percepciones respecto del colapso de Tenochtitlan y del desarrollo del periodo  novohispano.
Idolatría en el Manual de ministros de indios de Jacinto de la Serna
Authors: Ávila Ávila Víctor , López Ridaura Cecilia
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo atenderemos el concepto de idolatría utilizado por el religioso secular Jacinto de la Serna en su Manual de ministros de indios para el conocimiento de sus idolatrías y extirpación de ellas, escrito en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII en la Nueva España. El concepto de idolatría mantuvo una gran fuerza en esa centuria y uno de los autores más  representativos de estos temas es Jacinto de la Serna. Consideramos que la obra, a pesar de ser muy utilizada, no ha tenido un acercamiento con la profundidad que merece. Para ello se acudió a diversas fuentes, entre las que destacan documentos del Archivo General de la Nación de México, del Archivo General de Indias y del Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de México. También se revisaron fuentes primarias de manuscritos e impresos de la época, así como las obras de algunos de los padres de la Iglesia. Además, nos hemos valido de la revisión de historiografía para la realización de este trabajo.
Sobre Edmundo O'Gorman, El Diablo en la conquista, edición de Manuel Ramos Medina
Authors: Ciaramitaro Fernando
Published: December 2021

Reseña sobre Edmundo O’Gorman, El Diablo en la conquista, edición de Manuel Ramos Medina. México: Centro de Estudios de Historia de México-Carso, 2018.
Estimation of Possibilities of Using Fractal Dimension and Information Entropy of Elastic Waves for Assessment of Damage to Steel 20 at Low Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Khlybov A.A. , Kabaldin Y.G. , Anosov M.S. , Ryabov D.A. , Shatagin D.A. , Kiselev A.V.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of specimens made of steel 20 for low-cycle fatigue (cantilever bending). A fatigue curve was obtained for the material under study in the range of stress amplitudes from 210 to 380 MPa. In logarithmic coordinates, this dependence is linear. According to the research results, it has been shown that one of the structure-sensitive characteristics is the shape of an elastic wave pulse transmitted through the medium under study. To analyze the pulse shape of an elastic wave, an algorithm is proposed for assessing the damage of materials, using the values of the fractal dimension of the attractor and the information entropy in the process of fatigue loading. It was found that according to the obtained dependences, the process of fatigue damage accumulation can be conditionally divided into 2 phases. In the first phase, the entropy of the ultrasonic signal practically does not change and remains within the range of 0.05-0.1 nat. The fractal dimension of the attractor of the ultrasonic signal increases from 1.5 to 1.8. During the transition to the second phase, the maximum values of the fractal dimension of the attractor of the ultrasonic signal are observed, the values of which decrease in the second phase to 1.4 before the destruction of the sample. The information entropy values in the second phase increase monotonically up to 0.55 nat. Studies have shown that the obtained dependences practically do not change with a change in the stress amplitude. The results of studies at various stress amplitudes have shown that the characteristics of the fractal dimension of the attractor and the information entropy of elastic wave pulses that have passed through the zones of accumulated damage in the metal expand and supplement the capabilities of acoustic methods in the problems of assessing the performance of materials with low-cycle fatigue and make it possible to identify the stage of destruction of steel 20.
Calculation of Pyrolysis Zone in Installation of Activated Carbon Production
Authors: Safin R.G. , Ziatdinov R.R. , Sotnikov V.G. , Ryabushkin D.G. , Timerbaeva A.L.
Published: December 2021

Activated carbon can be obtained in a variety of ways. The most promising in terms of resource conservation and economic benefits is the method of producing activated carbon from organic waste. The production of activated carbon by this method is based on the process of pyrogenetic decomposition of pre-crushed and dried waste. As a result of thermochemical processing, activated carbon and pyrolysis gas are formed. Conductive waste pyrolysis is a high-temperature process that runs without oxygen. The temperature regimes of the pyrolysis process are described by the differential heat transfer equation. The calculation of the specific masses of the waste, coal and steam-gas mixture formed during the decomposition is carried out according to the differential equations of mass transfer by complicated ongoing chemical reactions. The hardware design of the pyrolysis process is a set of complex design and technological solutions. When developing equipment designed for the pyrolysis of crushed waste, it is necessary to carry out calculations related to the optimization of the hardware design and operating parameters of the process of thermal decomposition of waste particles, which make it possible to obtain a high-quality product. A pyrolysis zone of crushed waste has been developed for an energy- and resource-saving continuously operating unit for the production of activated carbon. Heating of waste to a temperature of 450-550 ° C is carried out by non-condensing combustible gases obtained during the separation of the steam-gas mixture. Waste flue gases enter a recuperative heat exchanger, and then serve as a heat carrier for drying a new batch of waste. The paper describes a method for calculating the pyrolysis zone in an activated carbon production unit. A mathematical model of the pyrolysis process is presented, by which it is possible to determine the optimal height of the layer of waste particles and the specific mass of the formed coal and gases during the decomposition of organic waste. An algorithm for calculating the pyrolysis zone has been developed. The following characteristics are shown: the dependence of the heating temperature of the layer of wood particles in the pyrolysis chamber on the layer thickness and the kinetic dependence of the specific mass of the solid residue of wood particles during pyrolysis. The calculation of the coal pyrolysis zone for the activated carbon production unit is presented.
Determination of the Influence of Ventilation Device Geometry on Inertia of the Brake Disc
Authors: Litvinov A.E. , Yaitskov I.A. , Polyakov P.A. , Fedotov E.S. , Golikov A.A.
Published: December 2021

The variety of brake discs is determined by the presence of different geometries of the ventilation device. Modern brake discs are subdivided according to the geometry of the ventilation device by the presence of fins, which form channels and studs for heat transfer to the cooling air. In turn, ventilation channels can be radial and curved. Studs are subdivided by geometry into cylindrical, prismatic and complex configuration. The paper proposes the calculation of the power required to overcome the inertial forces of the brake disc for various variants of the ventilation device. The power expended to overcome the inertial forces of a brake disc with radial channels is 44 % less than that of a brake disc with curved channels. Brake discs with a ventilation device with prismatic studs have 1.22 times less power required to overcome inertial forces than with cylindrical studs and 1.31 times with DBA studs. When comparing the results of the method for determining the moments of inertia of brake discs with various ventilation devices and CFD models of similar brake discs created in the ANSYS Workbench Mechanical program, the discrepancy was 5.52 %. The study shows the dependence of the power of overcoming inertia forces on the number of ribs. With an increase in the number of ribs by 60, the power to overcome the inertial forces of the radial channels of the disk increased by 1.16 times, while the power of the curved channels of the disk increased by 1.07 times. With an increase in the number of studs by 50 pieces for a disc with cylindrical studs of the apparatus, the power expended to overcome inertial forces increases by 1.15 times, while for prismatic studs there is an increase of 1.05 times. With an increase in the number of studs by 50 pieces, the power to overcome the inertial forces of the ventilated brake disc from DBA increases by 1.17 times. When designing ventilation brake discs, in addition to the heat dissipation parameters, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the power to overcome the inertial forces of the brake discs, which affect the operational parameters of the braking system as a whole.
Student Result Management System
Authors: Sarkar Koyel
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The purpose of Student Result Management System is to create a better method for storing the result of students in a computerized form so that the result can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same. The required hardware and software are easily accessible, and we can easily work with it. As mentioned above, the project can lead to error free, secure, reliable, and fast management system. Reporting of results of college student will be more proper.
Study of Rainwater Harvesting in University of Petroleum and Energy Studies in Support of the Eco-Campus Initiative
Authors: Soni Yash
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Rainwater harvesting is a technique for collecting rainwater that would otherwise be wasted, mainly in metropolitan settings. There is essentially no infiltration and percolation due to the completely different land use compared to the metropolitan region. As a result, groundwater levels have been steadily depleted. Rainwater harvesting is nearly completely unknown among the general public. There is a lack of community planning that may result in widespread participation and so replenish the groundwater table. The current research looks at several rainwater gathering techniques and how they may be implemented at the chosen location. The research is being conducted on the Dehradun campus of UPES. The focus is mostly on the water collected on the rooftop, which will be filtered and used for cleaning and gardening. Because it is a hilly location, the region receives a lot of rain, which provides excellent opportunities for rainwater gathering. The total runoff from the entire rooftop is calculated using a rational formula and then distributed to various uses. The paper's main goal is to advocate the wise use of this valuable resource while keeping in mind the economics of the method used. Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, rational formula, groundwater.
A diagrammatic approach to variational quantum ansatz construction
Authors: Herasymenko Y. , O'Brien T.E.
Published: December 2021

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are a promising class of quantum algorithms for preparing approximate ground states in near-term quantum devices. Minimizing the error in such an approximation requires designing ansatzes using physical considerations that target the studied system. One such consideration is size-extensivity, meaning that the ground state quantum correlations are to be compactly represented in the ansatz. On digital quantum computers, however, the size-extensive ansatzes usually require expansion via Trotter-Suzuki methods. These introduce additional costs and errors to the approximation. In this work, we present a diagrammatic scheme for the digital VQE ansatzes, which is size-extensive but does not rely on Trotterization. We start by designing a family of digital ansatzes that explore the entire Hilbert space with the minimum number of free parameters. We then demonstrate how one may compress an arbitrary digital ansatz, by enforcing symmetry constraints of the target system, or by using them as parent ansatzes for a hierarchy of increasingly long but increasingly accurate sub-ansatzes. We apply a perturbative analysis and develop a diagrammatic formalism that ensures the size-extensivity of generated hierarchies. We test our methods on a short spin chain, finding good convergence to the ground state in the paramagnetic and the ferromagnetic phase of the transverse-field Ising model.
Toxic Effect Of Monocrotophos On Various Blood Parameters In Edible Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia)
Authors: A.Solaiappan  , Prakash Sahaya Leon
Published: December 2021

In modern agriculture, farmers are using the authenticity of pesticides for agricultural activities. Water bodies are often polluted with various harmfull chemical substances. Fishes are very important for human nourishment. In this study, the effect of Pesticide monocrotophos on various hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, and Hemoglobin was observed in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish were exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20, and 1/30) of Monocrotophos for 10, 20, and 30 days. The blood samples were analyzed at the end of every exposure period. Increased count of WBC observed in Lower Sub lethal concentration (21.25, 21.76, 22.01), Medium Sub-lethal concentration (21.69, 22.48, 22.89), and Higher Sub lethal concentration (22.47, 23.54, 23.69) of monocrotophos at various monocrotophos exposure periods on experimental fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Decreased count of RBC observed in Lower Sub-lethal concentration (3.58,3.21,3.08), Medium Sub-lethal concentration  (2.97,2.35,2.19)  and  Higher  Sub-lethal  concentration  (2.41,2.16,2.02)  and  decreased  level  of  Hemoglobin  were observed in Lower Sub-lethal concentration (21.25,21.76,22.01), Medium Sub-lethal concentration (21.69,22.48,22.89) and Higher Sub-lethal concentration (22.47,23.54,23.69) of monocrotophos at various exposure period on fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The 1/10 sub-lethal concentration of monocrotophos showed a high level of variation on 30th-day exposure. Reduction of RBC indicates hemolysis in fish and increased WBC count has been considered to be an adaptation of animals to meet stressful conditions. In the present study, it was found that the effect of monocrotophos alters the activity of various blood parameters in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Therefore, the experiment is an attempt to study the toxicity of the pesticide Monocrotophos concerning blood parameters of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. It is concluded from this study that exposure to Monocrotophos affects the hematological parameters of fish.
Toxic Effect Of Cypermethrin On Enzymes In Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia)
Authors: K. K. Kalpana Devi  , J.Prakash Sahaya leon
Published: December 2021

In agriculture, excessive use of various pesticides had increased in developing countries. These pesticides may be highly toxic, not only to aquatic organisms like fishes but also to humans. In recent years, synthetic pyrethroids were developed for major uses in various agriculture practices and public health purposes. We aim to find the toxic Effect of Cypermethrin on Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus(Tilapia). The fish Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed for 30    days to various sub lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20, and 1/30) of cypermethrin. After completion of a 30 days exposure, the fish Oreochromis mossambicus was sacrificed and tissue samples of muscle, liver, and kidney were analyzed. Decreased value of ALP, ACP, and Increased value of AST, ALT was observed in all the sub lethal exposure of cypermethrin on treated freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus at 30 days on comparing with the control group. High variation of AST and ALT were observed in the liver at 1/10th concentration of cypermethrin and elevated variation of ALP and ACP was observed in the liver at 1/10th  concentration of sub lethal level for 30 days exposure. While comparing with the control group, the effects of cypermethrin on experimental fish showed increased levels of AST, ALT in the tissues of muscle, liver, and kidney of O. mossambicus, and the level of ACP and ALP were found in a decreased manner. Increased levels of ALT and AST activity observed in freshwater fishes may be due to the reduction of metabolic activity and concentration of ACP and ALP in various tissues due to cellular necrosis. In the present study, we found that the effect of cypermethrin alters the activity of various enzymes in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. It is concluded from this study that exposure to cypermethrin affects the enzyme activities of fish.
The Connection Between Depression And Chronic Pain. A Cross-Sectional Study For Individuals With Chronic Pain In Hail Region
Authors: Salma Alyaqoub  , Marwa Alhejail  , Ebtesam Alharbi  , Dalal Alshammari  , Kholoud Alawad  , Mai Alshammari  , Weiam Hussein  , Fawaz Alheibshy  , Farhan Alshammari
Published: December 2021

Chronic pain is a physical disorder and a critical factor in determining depression. Their synchronicity tends to worsen the risk of both disorders. The research to date has found little information about the relationship between them. This research aimed to provide new insights into the understanding of the relationship between chronic pain and depression among the residents of Hail city, to free patients from chronic pain-induced depression. Statistical data in this paper confirmed that more than half of patients with pain also suffer from depression or mood swings. Data were collected with an online, semistructured questionnaire; the obtained data were converted into statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2013. It was found that women are more likely than men to develop depression due to chronic pain. The main cause of depression in patients was a chronic headache, colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis respectively, and it was found that the most commonly used pain relief medications were NSAIDs and painkillers & on the other hand, the most frequently used antidepressants were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to our findings, the type of chronic disease and its link to the patient's gender, education level, and the type of pain relief drug taken are the major elements that determined this association. We must also remember the patient's extensive medical history with a chronic pain condition, which played a significant influence among our patients who took part in our survey. Moreover, it was noticed that most patients received adequate information from the pharmacist about their antidepressant medication. Finally, depression still ranks high as a major factor affecting an individual's life in general; therefore, this research could promote the identification of new causes and targets for chronic pain-induced depression.
Diseño de techos verdes y jardines verticales como sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible en edificaciones
Authors: Bonilla Granados Carlos Alexis , Sánchez Delgado Alba Yajaira , Sanchez Tapiero Diego Ivan
Published: December 2021

La urbanización reduce las áreas verdes en entornos construidos que producen el aumento de la escorrentía, promoviendo las inundaciones en eventos de precipitación. En este trabajo se desarrolló un diseño de techos verdes y jardines verticales en las edificaciones de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia, como alternativa útil del sistema urbano de drenaje sostenible. En este sentido, se realizó el análisis estructural de las edificaciones con el software Etabs ®, en donde se comparó el diseño original con las cargas que generan las distintas categorías de techos. También, se revisaron las condiciones climáticas y ambientales para establecer las características adecuadas de los componentes de las cubiertas verdes. Se obtuvo mediante los análisis que los edificios “Bienestar” y “Civil” se encuentran capacitadas para resistir las cargas añadidas por un sistema de techo verde extensivo, siendo factible su implementación. En el diseño se generaron imágenes de los techos verdes y jardines verticales. La implementación de los sistemas de cubierta verde en las edificaciones representa una herramienta para mitigar los impactos de la urbanización y mejorar las condiciones paisajística.
Influence of vegetation structure, seasonality, and soil physical properties on rodent species diversity and community assemblages on West Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Authors: THOMAS SUZANA , MULUNGU LOTH , SOKA GEOFREY
Published: December 2021

A study on rodent species diversity and community assemblages in West Mt
Kilimanjaro was conducted in seven different habitats, covering two dry
and wet seasons. Data were collected using a combination of medium-sized
Sherman’s live traps, snap and Havarhart traps, for three consecutive
nights. General Linear Models (GLM) were used to analyze the effects of
predictors (vegetation attributes, seasonality, soil physical
properties, disturbance and altitude) on rodent species richness and
abundance. Community structure analysis was conducted in the Primer v6
program and Canonical correspondence analysis for habitat association in
PAST. A total of 1,393 individuals from 14 species of rodents were
trapped. The most dominant rodent species were Rhabdomys
pumilioPraomys delectorum, and Lophuromys verhageni which
contributed to 68.86% of the total captures. Lophuromys
verhageni occurred across all the habitats and seasons. Moreover,
habitat types, seasonality, soil texture, ground cover, and altitude
significantly influenced rodent species abundance (P< 0.05).
Furthermore, habitat types, seasonality and altitude significantly
influenced rodent species richness (F8, 759 = 629.7, p< 0.001,
R2 = 0.87). In addition to that, two major rodent communities were
formed in different habitats. The results show that rodent species
richness, abundance, and community assemblages in Mt Kilimanjaro, are a
result of change in vegetation structure along the altitudinal
gradients. Therefore, information on habitat requirements of multiple
species is crucial for the management and conservation of these
communities.
Osteomyelitis infection disguised as Reiter’s Syndrome in a child: A case report
Authors: Opara Nnennaya
Published: December 2021

This is a case of a 16-year-old African boy with Osteomyelitis
presenting with symptoms of reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome)
KEYWORDS Osteomyelitis, Reiter’s syndrome, Fever, Bone pain, Erythema,
Ewing sarcoma
easyfm: An easy software suite for file manipulation of Next Generation Sequencing data on desktops
Authors: Jung Hyungtaek , Jeon Brendan , Ortiz-Barrientos Daniel
Published: December 2021

Storing and manipulating Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) file formats
for understanding biological phenomena is an essential but difficult
task in the life sciences. Yet, most methods for analysing NGS data
require complex command-line tools in high-performance computing (HPC)
or web-based servers and have not yet been implemented in comprehensive,
easy-to-use software. Here we present easyfm (easy file manipulation), a
free standalone Graphical User Interface (GUI) software with Python
support that can be used to facilitate the rapid discovery of target
sequences (or user’s interest) in NGS datasets for novice users (more
accessible to biologists). It enables them to perform end-to-end
reproducible data analyses using a desktop application (Windows, Mac and
Linux). Unlike existing tools, the GUI-based easyfm is not dependent on
any HPC system and can be operated without an internet connection. For
user-friendliness and convenience, easyfm was developed with four work
modules and a secondary GUI window, covering different aspects of NGS
data analysis, including post-processing, filtering, format conversion,
generating results, real-time log, and help. In combination with the
executable tools (BLAST+ and BLAT) and Python, easyfm allows the user to
set analysis parameters, select/extract regions of interest, examine the
input and output results, and convert to a wide range of file formats.
To help augment the functionality of existing web-based and command-line
tools, easyfm, a self-contained program, comes with extensive
documentation (https://github.com/TaekAndBrendan/easyfm). This specific
benefit allows easyfm to seamlessly integrate visual and interactive
representations of NGS files, supporting a wider scope of bioinformatics
applications in the life sciences.
2021 Media Credibility, Misinformation, and Communication Patterns during
Authors: Arandas Mohammed Fadel , ling loh yoke , Chaing Loh Yu
Published: December 2021

During Movement Control Order (MCO) of COVID-19, many information has
been disseminated through both traditional and social media. Some of
that information was credible and came from reliable sources while other
information was fake and included misinformation, disinformation, and
infodemic. The people needed credible information rather than fake one
in this critical time. This study aimed to explore the credibility of
media, information sources, the main issues, and preferred communication
patterns and method of works perceived by Malaysians during MCO. A total
of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 210 were returned. The
results of this study showed that the majority of respondents 69%
relied on new media as their main source of information compared to
30.9% who relied on traditional media. However, a total of 64.8% of
respondents considered traditional media as more credible and accurate
compared to 35.2% for new media. Additionally, the main concerns and
issues followed by respondents on media were health, economic, social,
education and others. Finally, a total of 55.7% preferred face to face
communication compared to 44.3% who preferred online communication. A
total of 51% of respondents preferred to work from the workplace or
office compared to 49% who preferred to work from home. Television
played a significant role during the pandemic period due to its high
credibility as perceived by Malaysians. The main intriguing implication
of this study is considering the traditional media as more credible than
social media by the Malaysians although the social media was their main
source of information.

Keywords: Communication patterns; COVID-19; credibility; infodemic;
misinformation
Frank's sign with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Nishiori Hironobu , Hirano Yuichi , Otsu Masayoshi , Watanabe Hiroyuki
Published: December 2021

A 59-year-old man with a long smoking history presented with sudden back
pain. Frank’s sign was noticed in his bilateral ears, and computed
tomography revealed Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. If young
patients have Frank’s sign, attention should be paid to atherosclerotic
disease including aortic disease.
COVID-19-associated spontaneous subacute subdural haematoma: report of one case
Authors: Khacha anass
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerged pandemic disease
caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute
respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2).
Hikâye Kahramanlarının Gözünden Sosyolojik Bir Simge: Marşal Katırı Hikâyesinde
Authors: Uğuzman Tülay
Published: December 2021

Traktör, teknolojik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak icat edilmiş ve tarım alanında pek çok yenilik ve değişimin öncüsü olmuştur. Ekonomi bağlamında kalkınma ve üretim için ana etken olabilecek nitelikte dönüşümlerin yaşanmasını sağlayan bu teknolojik aracın, sosyolojik açıdan da birçok alanda etkisi ortaya çıkmış ve sosyolojik olgular bağlamında da çokça çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Türkiye, Marshall Yardımlarının ardından 1950’li yıllarda traktör ile tanışmış, etkilerini ise kısa ve uzun vadede görmüştür. Bu çalışmada, edebiyat sosyolojisi özelinde toplumcu gerçekçiliğin niteliklerini yansıtan Fahri Erdinç’in Marşal Katırı hikâyesinde tema olan traktör, hikâye kahramanlarının gözünden toplumsal görünürlük açısından incelenmiş ve nitel araştırma yoluyla metin-içerik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, toplumcu gerçekçilik akımından söz edilmiş ve Marşal Katırı hikâyesinin söz konusu akımın bir örneği olduğu açıklanmıştır. Ardından traktörün sosyolojik bir olgu olarak değişim kavramına etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir. Sonrasında hikâye içinde var olan kahramanların traktör ile ilgili bakış açıları, sosyolojik bakımdan aktarılmıştır. Değişime kapalı köy toplumu özelliği, söz konusu hikâyede tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, farklı sosyal bilimlerde yapılan köy çalışmalarının yanında, edebiyatın yazınsal bir türüne örnek olan Marşal Katırı hikâyesinde de aynı niteliğin varlığına erişildiği gösterilmiştir. Traktörün, tarım ile uğraşan sosyal tabakada ortaya çıkardığı olumsuz sonuçlar, çalışmanın temel bulgusunu oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, çalışma, toplumsal açıdan başka incelemelerin de yapılması gerektiğini gösterir sorular ile tamamlanmıştır.
The Horse behind the Text: Animal Agency in Early Medieval Historiography
Authors: Röben Marieke
Published: December 2021

Early medieval authors frequently used horses as narrative devices. Therefore, when working with historiographical sources, one is confronted with a vital question: how can we reconstruct the horses’ agency without knowing whether their depiction is a mere narrative device? Combining praxeological approaches with the analysis of narrative structures, this paper offers a glance “beyond the text.” It shows how analysing the underlying knowledge of the medieval reader contributes to reconstructing a contemporary image of early medieval horses and their (perceived) agency in human society and thereby develops a new perspective for the future of historical human-animal studies.
Al-Khamsa: The Prophet’s Mares - Or Were They Stallions?
Authors: Hettema Hylke
Published: December 2021

Arab(ian) horse enthusiasts perpetuate an origin legend for the breed that counts five foundational mares in relation to Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Challenging both the concept of a gender preference for mares among Bedouin and/or Arab people in the early Islamic empire as well as the popular historiography of the Arab horse as a Bedouin breed promoted by Islam and in particular its prophet, this paper contextualises Al-Khamsa (the five) as evidence of matrilineal horse breeding strategy by surveying premodern Arabic material on horses.
Riding for Health and for Pleasure: A Brief Historical Overview with Reference to Latvia in the Baltic Region
Authors: Ropa Anastasija , Malahova Ludmila
Published: December 2021

Throughout premodern history, horses were used primarily for labour and transportation, as well as in the military sphere. With the advent of motorized vehicles and other means of transport, the emphasis shifted to using horses in sport as well as for leisure. This article begins by examining briefly the few pre-modern European sources that mention riding as health-promoting and pleasurable activity, continues with a discussion of the more numerous and detailed references to the benefits of riding in the eighteenth and nineteenth-century sources and concludes with an overview of the rise of riding therapy and recreational riding in Germany and the Baltics in the twentieth century.
The Role of TRAPγ/SSR3 in Preproinsulin Translocation Into the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Xu Xiaoxi , Huang Yumeng , Li Xin , Arvan Peter , Liu Ming
Published: December 2021

In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the translocation-associated protein complex (TRAP), also called signal sequence receptor (SSR), includes four integral membrane proteins TRAPα/SSR1, TRAPβ/SSR2, and TRAPδ/SSR4 with the bulk of their extramembranous portions primarily in the ER lumen, whereas the extramembranous portion of TRAPγ/SSR3 is primarily cytosolic. Individually diminished expression of either TRAPα/SSR1, TRAPβ/SSR2, or TRAPδ/SSR4 mRNA is known in each case to lower TRAPα/SSR1 protein levels, leading to impaired proinsulin biosynthesis, whereas forced expression of TRAPα/SSR1 at least partially suppresses the proinsulin biosynthetic defect. Here, we report that diminished TRAPγ/SSR3 expression in pancreatic β-cells leaves TRAPα/SSR1 levels unaffected while nevertheless inhibiting cotranslational and posttranslational translocation of preproinsulin into the ER. Crucially, acute exposure to high glucose leads to a rapid upregulation of both TRAPγ/SSR3 and proinsulin protein without change in the respective mRNA levels, as observed in cultured rodent β-cell lines and confirmed in human islets. Strikingly, pancreatic β-cells with suppressed TRAPγ/SSR3 expression are blocked in glucose-dependent upregulation of proinsulin (or insulin) biosynthesis. Most remarkably, overexpression of TRAPγ/SSR3 in control β-cells raises proinsulin levels, even without boosting extracellular glucose. The data suggest the possibility that TRAPγ/SSR3 may fulfill a rate-limiting function in preproinsulin translocation across the ER membrane for proinsulin biosynthesis.
Adipose Tissue Inflammation is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans
Authors: Ycaza Ana Elena Espinosa De , Søndergaard Esben , Morgan-Bathke Maria , Lytle Kelli , Delivanis Danae A. , Ramos Paola , Leon Barbara Gisella Carranza , Jensen Michael D.
Published: December 2021

The
role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation on AT function in humans is unclear. We
tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression and senescent
cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured
as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50).
We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline, and a
subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a
strong, positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal
subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate
relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers:
CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were
not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced
IC50, however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content,
senescent cells or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly
used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin
resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect
to lipolysis.