bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enrique Fliquete Lliso: Derecho de gracia y Constitución. El indulto en el Estado de Derecho
Authors: Vivancos Comes Mariano
Published: December 2022

Recensión del libro de Enrique Fliquete Lliso: Derecho de gracia y Constitución. El indulto en el Estado de Derecho, Pamplona, Thomson Reuters-Aranzadi, 2021
La mentira entre estados y la seguridad nacional
Authors: Sentí Navarro Carla
Published: December 2022

La creación, difusión y consumo de desinformación y contenidos fabricados en las redes sociales y difundidos a través de Internet es una preocupación creciente, especialmente por la facilidad de acceso a tales fuentes y la falta de conocimiento de la existencia de tal información falsa. Esta preocupación resulta mucho más grande cuando los responsables de la diseminación de fake news guían sus actuaciones con fines políticos y se implican en esta problemática las instituciones y autoridades, incluso los propios Estados. En este trabajo se hace un recorrido de los orígenes de la desinformación como injerencia ilegítima por parte de terceros países, se estudia cómo la mentira es usada con fin político, y, por ende, la desinformación puede utilizarse como arma de guerra, y finalmente se hace un repaso por algunas medidas que al respecto ha tomado la UE.
MİMARİDE ÖLÇEK KAVRAMI İLE ANLAM ÜRETME ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ALTIPARMAKOĞLU SAKARYA Gözde
Published: December 2022

Ölçek, mimaride tasarımları anlaşılır bir biçimde ifade etmek için kullanılan temel aktarım araçlarından biridir. Tasarımlar belli bir ölçek ya da oran ifadesine sahip olduğunda anlaşılır olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte ölçek, mekân algısının oluşmasında da etkin rol oynayan bir araç olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ölçeğin birincil işlevinin yanı sıra, mekânsal algıda bir anlam üretme aracı olarak farklı kullanım biçimlerini saptamaya çalışmaktır. Bu kapsamda, küçük ölçek, büyük ölçek ve insan ölçeği olmak üzere üç temel kullanım biçimi üzerinden ne çeşit anlamlar üretilebileceği örnekler üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ölçeğin; mobilyaları sembolleştirmenin bir yöntemi olarak, mimari mekânların olduğundan daha farklı algılanmasını sağlamak, mekân ve kullanıcı ilişkilerinde mekânı bir iletişim nesnesi olarak ifade etmek gibi anlamlar üretmede kullanılabilecek güçlü bir kavram olduğu sonucuna ulaşmak mümkündür.
Plug-and-play discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution based on non-Gaussian state-discrimination detection
Authors: Wu Xiao-Dong , Huang Duan ,   School of Management, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: December 2022

Plug-and-play discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution can generate local oscillator light locally without using two independent lasers, and both signal light and local oscillator are generated from the same laser, which can effectively ensure the practical security of the system and have a completely identical frequency characteristic. In addition, this scheme has good compatibility with efficient error correction codes, and can achieve high reconciliation efficiency even at low signal-to-noise ratio. However, there exists large excess noise in the plug-and-play configuration based on the untrusted source model, which seriously limits the maximum transmission distance of the discrete modulation scheme. To solve this problem, we propose a plug-and-play discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution based on non-Gaussian state-discrimination detection. That is to say, a non-Gaussian state-discrimination detector is deployed at the receiver. With adaptive measurement method and Bayesian inference, four non-orthogonal coherent states which are based on four-state discrete modulation can be unconditionally distinguished on condition that the error probability is lower than the standard quantum limit. We analyze the security of the proposed protocol by considering both asymptotic limit and finite-size effect. Simulation results show that the secret key rate and maximum transmission distance are significantly enhanced by using no-Gaussian state-discrimination detection even under the influence of the untrusted source noise compared with the original plug-and-play discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution. These results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the negative influence of the untrust source noise on the performance of the plug-and-play discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol. The proposed protocol can not only ensure the practical security of the system, but also achieve more efficient and longer transmission distance quantum key distribution.
Path Analysis of Higher Education Promoting the Construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port
Authors: Lin Chen , Ou Jianmeng , Lin Dongdong
Published: December 2022

In June 2019, the Ministry of Education and the Hainan Provincial Government jointly issued the Implementation Plan on Supporting Hainan to Deepen Education Reform and Opening Up. It clearly proposed to support Hainan to build an international education innovation island and create a new benchmark for China's education opening up and development in the new era, which pointed out the direction and injected new momentum for the opening up and leapfrog development of Hainan's higher education to the outside world. From the perspective of theoretical traceability and practical foundation, this paper finds that the current higher education in Hainan Province has some problems. The regional layout needs to be further optimized and the depth of integration with key industrial parks is not deep enough. Some institutions have lagged behind in setting and adjusting their majors and some majors are not outstanding and the effectiveness of talent training needs to be further improved, etc. In order to promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port with the development of higher education, the paper proposes four specific paths based on whether the potential demand can be predicted and whether the specific real demand is regular in the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port.
El análisis del carácter de la actuación estatal en supuestos de expropiación indirecta de inversiones foráneas, tras una década de práctica arbitral
Authors:   Universidad Finis Terrae, Esis Villarroel Ivette
Published: December 2022

Ante supuestos de expropiaciones ejercidas por Estados anfitriones que afectan intereses de inversionistas extranjeros, el análisis de la actuación estatal constituye un elemento distintivo para determinar su existencia. En las directas, el Estado ha de demostrar la causa expropiandi como uno de los requisitos para considerarla legal bajo el Derecho internacional. En las indirectas, la práctica arbitral inversor-Estado ha evidenciado no ser una tarea de fácil concreción. A partir de esta premisa, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los criterios más importantes utilizados o seguidos por los diferentes tribunales arbitrales frente al examen del carácter de la medida estatal en el marco de litigios inversor-Estado. Con este propósito, utilizando el método inductivo, luego de la revisión de 170 laudos arbitrales dictados entre los años 2010 y 2021, se estudiaron 50 laudos. El estudio arrojó la existencia de cuatro elementos comunes en el examen realizado por los tribunales arbitrales: (a) la identificación de la actuación o conducta atribuible al órgano estatal reclamada por el inversor; (b) la presunción de legitimidad de la actuación del órgano estatal; (c) los supuestos de ilegítima actuación del órgano estatal: (i) discriminación; (ii) arbitrariedad y (iii) falta de proporcionalidad; y, (d) la carga de la prueba. Debido a que la litigiosidad inversor-Estado continua en alza y frente a los intereses contrapuestos de las partes involucradas consideramos que, de todos los aspectos mencionados, la valoración de la proporcionalidad de la medida estatal strictu senso debe ser profundizada por los futuros tribunales arbitrales, tomando en cuenta el objetivo público que el Estado legítimamente pretende proteger versus el sacrificio exigido al inversor foráneo en estos casos.
Una historia interminable: dos siglos de propuestas para solucionar en el clarinete las molestias de una nota indómita
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid / Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid (España), Rubio Olivares Pedro , Sanz-Hervás Alfredo ,   Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (España)
Published: December 2022

Desde que el clarinete apareció en la escena musical a principios del siglo XVIII ha habido una nota que ha importunado a clarinetistas y fabricantes por su dificultad de digitación, emisión y afinación. Se trata del Si bemol de la tercera línea del pentagrama, que, junto a las también problemáticas Sol# y La, constituyen las llamadas “notas de garganta”. El origen del problema hay que buscarlo en el particular comportamiento acústico del clarinete. A partir de mediados del siglo XIX, las propuestas para solucionarlo se incrementaron sustancialmente. Y así ha seguido hasta nuestros días, donde varios constructores ofrecen dispositivos diseñados para proporcionar un buen Si bemol. Entonces, ¿por qué la mayoría de los clarinetes actuales no los llevan incorporados? ¿Qué ha pasado para que no se haya solventado aún este problema? ¿Acaso no es posible solucionarlo de una forma totalmente satisfactoria? Este trabajo presenta un estudio exhaustivo de las propuestas planteadas por los constructores a lo largo de la historia. Para facilitar su análisis, dichas propuestas se han clasificado en varias categorías y, para ilustrarlo, se describen los ejemplos más significativos de cada una de ellas. También se exponen los probables motivos por los que ninguna ha gozado de amplia aceptación.
Esto (sí que) no es Hawaii: radios libres, contracultura, subcultura y música underground en el Madrid de la Movida (1976-1989)
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Pérez Martínez José Emilio
Published: December 2022

Los relatos sobre el escenario cultural madrileño de la década de 1980 han sido tradicionalmente monopolizados por el fenómeno que se conoce como la Movida. El objetivo de este artículo es recuperar una realidad cultural y mediática que ha quedado oculta a lo largo de los años: el movimiento de radios libres y su relación con escenas musicales alternativas ajenas a las lógicas dominantes de mercado. Con este propósito, el presente trabajo plantea un análisis tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo del lugar que la programación musical ocupó dentro de estas emisoras. Se atiende tanto a los porcentajes de emisión dedicados a la música en distintas emisoras como a los posibles significados ideológicos que este contenido pudo tener para sus oyentes. Finalmente, se intenta desvelar qué papel representaron estas emisoras como elementos dinamizadores clave de algunas de las escenas musicales underground madrileñas ajenas a la Movida.
The Extent of School-Industry Collaboration for Achieving Technical Education Graduates’ Industrial Usability in Cross River State
Authors: Ibeneme O. T. , Ashiebi E. U.
Published: December 2022

Aims: This study focused on determining the extent of school-industry collaboration for achieving technical education graduates’ industrial usability in Cross River State.

Study Design: The study adopt a descriptive survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: Technical Education lecturers and industrialist in Cross River State, Nigeria, between February 2017 and November 2018.

Methodology: The population of the study comprises of 2250 respondents, of which 12 respondents are from the school (that is, 8 lecturers from the Cross River University of Technology Calabar and 4 lecturers from the Cross River State College of Education Akamkpa) and 2238 from industry. The sample size for the study comprised 506 respondents. This represents approximately 22% of the total industries population and the entire population from schools. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Extent of School-Industry Collaboration and industrial usability of Technical Education Graduates Questionnaire (ESICAIUTEGQ)”. The Usability scale reads: Very High Extent (VHE) = 5 points, High Extent (HE)= 4 points, Moderate Extent (ME)= 3 points, Low Extent (LE)= 2 points and Very Low Extent (VLE)= 1 point. Cronbach Alpha statistics was used to ascertain the coefficient reliability of 0.86. The researcher administered the graduate usability questionnaire through direct delivery method to Technical Education lecturers and industrialists to be completed. After collection, the administered instrument will be scored in line with instrument scoring guide and analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: The results of the study revealed that School-industry collaboration in curriculum development for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a moderate extent. More so, the study uncovered that School-industry collaboration in curriculum implementation for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a moderate extent. School-industry collaboration in facilities utilization for achieving technical education graduates’ usability by industries was rated to a low extent. Also, the study further revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean response of technical education teachers and industrialist on the extent of school-industry collaboration in curriculum implementation.

Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the study reveals the dangers of the school and industry existing in isolation. As such, school and industries should collaborate in building the technical education of their dreams and desires. Also, the government however would see to it the federal ministry of science, technology and innovation and the ministry of education be given special consideration in budget allocation and existing policies on education be review as to embrace global standards and improve relevance.
Factors Affecting Involvement of Students in the Fraternities and Sororities
Authors: Bello Amelie T. , Palarisan Novie John B.
Published: December 2022

This descriptive survey research design aimed to study the factors affecting involvement of students in fraternities and sororities. Using complete enumeration technique, one hundred and forty-eight (148) members of seven (7) registered fraternities and sororities in the Southern Philippines Agri-Business Marine and Aquatic School of Technology (SPAMAST), answered the validated researcher-made survey questionnaire. The results show that the four (4) factors; peer, personal, school and family, had an overall mean 2.6 which was recognized as a moderate description which entails that students sometimes observed these factors in joining activities related to fraternities and sororities. Furthermore, the results showed p-value of 0.0005 which meant that there was a positive significant relationship between the level of factors and the level of involvement of students in fraternities and sororities. Based on the findings, it was recommended for schools administrations to formulate programs or awareness campaigns to disseminate negative effect student’s involvement in fraternities and sororities, parents to monitor social and academic activities of children at school.
Embracing the Unknown: Adaptability and Resiliency of Out-of-Field Secondary Teachers Teaching English in Public Schools
Authors: Buenacosa Ma. Salvacion A. , Petalla Marisa B.
Published: December 2022

Out-of-Field Teaching (OFT) has become one of the common concerns of different educational institutions in the global arena. Its prevalence worldwide has become a major issue because of its impact on the quality of education and the efficacy of teachers. Due to the shortage of specialized teachers in the field, school heads opted to hire out-of-field teachers to teach English subjects which creates a detrimental effect on professional growth, teachers’ performance, and the well-being of teachers. Thus, this qualitative phenomenological paper explored the lived experiences of out-of-field teachers teaching English in public schools. The data were gathered from the six (6) participants who were chosen using a purposeful sampling technique and determined using the following inclusion criteria: non-English major, public secondary school teacher, and have at least two (2) years of experience in teaching English. The data were collected utilizing the in-depth unstructured interview. Employing a thematic analysis, the findings revealed the challenges encountered by the participants, and how they were able to endure and embrace all of them. Moreover, the findings highlighted the adaptability and resiliency of the participants as essential factors in overcoming the demands of the phenomenon. Thus, the findings imply how the lived experiences of the participants molded them to become a better version of themselves.
Screening of Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) Germplasm for Resistance to Stemphylium Blight Disease Using Qualitative Characters
Authors: Vaishnavi K. , Bhaumik P. , Bhattacharya P. M. , Chowdhury A. K.
Published: December 2022

In terms of both acreage and productivity, lentil is India's second most important pulse crop. Stemphylium blight, caused by Stemphylium botrysum Wallr., is a serious economic problem in eastern parts of India including West Bengal. As most of the cultivated lentil are susceptible to Stemphylium blight disease, the main alternatives for the control of the disease is to use highly toxic fungicides. The objective of this work is to evaluate the responses of 210 numbers of genotype collected from International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in order to support the alternative disease management strategy. The qualitative attributes like days to flowering, height of the plant and leaf area were taken into consideration which were converted to  qualitative attributes by using cluster analysis. Along with that branching pattern and canopy types was also recorded as qualitative parameters. The result clearly indicated that days to flowering,  leaf area, branching habit and canopy temperature significantly influence the disease   development.
Long Term Effect of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Micro Nutrient Uptake under Rice-Rice Cropping System
Authors: Goutami N.
Published: December 2022

A field experiment entitled “Long term effect of different nutrient management practices on micro nutrient uptake under rice-rice cropping system" was conducted  under field conditions during both kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017- 2018 at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, West Godavari district in the ongoing All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment Project. The findings demonstrate that the data regarding influence of long-term use of inorganics, organics and their combination on micronutrient uptake at different growth stages in kharif and rabi during both the years of the study revealed that there was increase significantly with application of 100% RDF in combination with ZnSO4 and FYM @ 5t ha-1. It was on par with that of application of 100 % RDF along with ZnSO4 @ 40 kg ha-1 and significantly superior over other treatments. The application of 50 % NPK + 50 % N through FYM was on par with 100 % RDF. Application of 100 % RDF along with ZnSO4 @ 40 kg ha-1 and application of 100 % NPK though not differ significantly and on par with each other during four seasons of study.
Production of Biogas from Anaerobic Co-digestion of Biosolids from Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Fritz Malina
Published: December 2022

With a growing global population and the constant striving for prosperity, comes a growing demand for energy. Biogas and its upgrading to biomethane are prosperous and sustainable energy sources that even allow the use of the natural gas infrastructure. Biogas production using different bacterial cultures for wastewater treatment can be decentralized and without high costs. This aim of this research is focused on the co-digestion of wastewater biosolids and bacteria from a commercial activated sludge reactor, and customary bacteria used for the treatment of septic systems sludge. The research was performed with a designed laboratory anaerobic fermentation system at 35-40°C (95-104°F).

The biomass-gas turnover rate is on average 170 l/kg for activated sludge reactor bacteria and 100 l/kg septic system bio bacteria.

The application of wastewater treatment bacteria as basis for anaerobic fermentation can be considered beneficial for biogas production within wastewater treatment plants.
Multicellular Effects from Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Cadaba farinosa Forsk on Selective Internal Organs of Wistar Rats
Authors: Gamde Solomon Matthias , Muhammad Abubakar Amali , Umar Mohammed , Avwioro Ovie Godwin , Biambo Ahmed Aminu , Bwede Eugene Samuel , Amina Egbujo Ejike , Halilu Emmanuel Mshelia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Cadaba farinosa Forsk belongs to the family Cappariraceae used in the treatments of snakebite, breast cancer, and retained placenta in African traditional medicine. However, information about the plant toxicity profile and risk awareness are largely unknown.

Aim: To determine the histopathological, biochemical, and hematological effects from aqueous stem bark extract of Cadaba farinosa Forsk on selective internal organs of Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty (20) Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of four rats each. The extract was administered by oral gavage in doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses, while the liver, kidney, spleen, lung, brain, and stomach were harvested and processed histopathologically using standard methods.

Results: Oral administration of the aqueous stem bark extract from Cadaba farinosa Forsk caused a significant increase in hematocrit (P=0.044) and hemoglobin (P=0.046). However, the white blood cell was significantly (P=0.011) reduced at doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg compared to control. The serum albumin of treated animals was also significantly (P=0.017) reduced in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. In addition, histopathological sections of treated animals showed pulmonary hemorrhage, stomach edema, vacuolation in the spleen, and necrosed hepatocytes.

Conclusion: Oral administration of the aqueous stem bark extract from Cadaba farinosa Forsk for 28 days is toxic to the liver, spleen, stomach, and lung. Reducing the therapeutic dose and period of exposure may minimize the deleterious effects of plant drugs.
Distribution of Maternal Red Cell Antibodies and the Risk of Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus and Newborn in Sokoto Nigeria
Authors: Buhari H. A. , Sagir A. , Akuyam S. A. , Erhabor O. , Panti A. A.
Published: December 2022

Background: The incidence is still of clinical importance because sensitization of the mother may occur through the placenta, blood transfusion, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis as well as lack of prophylaxis of alloantibody except RhD.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of clinically significant red blood cell alloantibodies among pregnant women.

Study Design: This was a cross- sectional study.

Duration of Study: The study lasted for a period of one year between January to December, 2021.

Methodology: About 1250 consecutively recruited pregnant women were screened for alloantibody and identification was done to determine the specificity of the antibody using NHSBT reagent with column agglutination card technology.

Results: Among the 1250 apparently healthy pregnant women studied, 73(5.8%) had alloantibodies with specificity as follows: Multiple antibody of C, E 3 (4.1%), D 23 (31.5%), C 6(8.2%), E 5(6.8%), e (1.4%), Jka 2 (2.7%), Jkb 2 (2.7), M 1 (1.4%), S 1 (1.4%), Lea 7 (9.6%), Leb 8 (11%), I 4 (5.5%), and Lu 7 (9.6%).  When the demographic and obstetric characteristics were compared with the presence of alloantibodies, statistically significant differences were observed in gestational age, past history of pregnancy, preeclampsia, and previous baby delivered with jaundice and previous administration of anti-D prophylaxis.

Conclusion: There is high prevalence of alloantibody among pregnant women that may be linked to lack of premarital testing to know couple at risk and lack of standard protocol of alloantibody testing.
Renal Stone Density: Determinant of ESWL Success
Authors: Mahar Abdullah , Fawad Ahmed , Jawaid Atif , Khan Sajan , Rehman Abdul , Soomro Niaz , Bumbia Hira
Published: December 2022

Background: The worldwide prevalence of developing renal stones is as high as 15% with an estimated 1 in every 5 persons being affected with the condition in Pakistan. Among the many treatment options available for renal calculi, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is among the commonest owing to its non-invasive nature, however, it has its drawbacks; one being limitation against dense stones.  

Objective: To assess association between stone density (detected on CT KUB) and ESWL outcome among patients with renal calculi.

Methodology: This clinical trial was conducted upon a sample of 150 patients (of either gender, aged 16 to 70 years) presenting to the Urology out-patient, emergency and lithotripsy department of Ziauddin University Hospital with renal calculi from 30th August 2017 to 30th September 2019. After taking written informed consent, data was recorded onto a prestructured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, and disease history, inferences obtained from C.T KUB, operative notes and the eventual treatment outcome. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0. 

Results: The mean age of the sample stood at 36.7 (SD ± 3.1). 104 (69.3%) patients had multiple calculi and 46(30.7%) have single calculi with mean density of 812 (SD ± 219) HU. A (having stone density <500-HU) group B (having stone density 501 to 1000-HU) and group C (having stone density >1000-HU). The success of group A was 95.34% group B was 88.5% and group C was 80.3%. Major proportion of the sample (39.3%) required up to 3 ESWL sessions. The stone density was observed to be inversely proportional to the success of ESWL. 

Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that higher stone density is associated with a poor ESWL outcome and thus other treatment modalities may be considered among patients with a stone density of more than 900 HU.
Graphic Medicine—The Best of 2022
Authors: Green Michael J.
Published: December 2022

This Arts and Medicine feature reviews 2 books published in 2022: a clinical ethics graphic medicine casebook illustrating how ethical dilemmas in clinical practice play out in real situations; and a graphic public health comics anthology showing how comics meet the needs of risk communication and health promotion.
Depressive Symptoms in Individuals With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lambert Maude , Sheldrake Elena , Deneault Audrey-Ann , Wheeler Anne , Burke Matthew , Scratch Shannon
Published: December 2022

Importance

Approximately 15% to 30% of individuals with a history of concussion present with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). Individuals with PPCS are at greater risk of experiencing depressive symptoms.

Objective

To synthesize the association between depressive symptoms and PPCS in children, adolescents, and adults via meta-analysis and to investigate potential moderators of that association.

Data Sources

Systematic search of Ovid Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Embase from 1995 to January 2022 was performed. Additionally, references from included studies were hand-searched to ensure relevant articles were captured in the search.

Study Selection

Studies that involved participants who experienced PPCS and quantified depressive symptoms were included. The definition of PPCS was limited to physician-diagnosed or self-reported concussion, with symptoms lasting for a minimum of 4 weeks postinjury. Two authors independently screened all articles to determine study eligibility.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Study characteristics were extracted independently by 2 trained investigators. Study data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Exposure

PPCS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The the primary outcome was depressive symptoms.

Results

Data were extracted from 18 studies with a total of 9101 participants. Of the 18 studies, all were cohort studies, and 13 (72%) comprised adult populations. The mean (SD) time since concussion was 21.3 (18.7) weeks. After accounting for potential publication bias, the random-effects meta-analysis found a significant positive association between PPCS and depressive symptoms, (odds ratio, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.82-7.37; P < .001). There were no significant moderators, likely due to the small number of studies included.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this meta-analysis, experiencing PPCS was associated with a higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. There are several important clinical and health policy implications of the findings. Most notably, the development of strategies for effective prevention and earlier intervention to optimize mental health recovery following a concussion should be supported.
Types and Concentrations of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Adults With Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: Fundaun Joel , Kolski Melissa , Molina-Álvarez Miguel , Baskozos Georgios , Schmid Annina B.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Peripheral neuropathies are common conditions and can result in numbness, paresthesia, motor deficits, and pain. There is increasing evidence for the use of biomarkers as clinical indicators of the presence, severity, and prognosis of nerve lesions; however, biomarker identification has largely been focused on disorders of the central nervous system, and less is known about their role in the peripheral nervous system.

Objective

To assess blood-based biomarker concentrations associated with nerve involvement in patients with peripheral neuropathy compared with control participants.

Data Sources

Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from inception to September 23, 2021.

Study Selection

Observational studies reporting on blood biomarkers in patients diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy were included. This review was preregistered on PROSPERO and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data were abstracted by 1 investigator and independently reviewed by a second.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were meta-analyzed when at least 2 studies reported the same biomarker with comparable methodology. Fixed-effects models were used when only 2 studies were included; random-effects models were used when more than 2 studies were included.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was concentration of biomarkers.

Results

This review included 36 studies reporting on 4414 participants, including 2113 control participants and 2301 patients with peripheral neuropathy with 13 distinct peripheral neuropathy diagnoses. Diabetic neuropathy was the most common neuropathy diagnosis (13 studies), followed by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (6 studies) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (6 studies). Overall, 16 different blood-based biomarkers associated with nerve involvement were evaluated. The most used were neurofilament light chain, S100B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuron-specific enolase. Patients with peripheral neuropathy demonstrated significantly higher levels of neurofilament light chain compared with controls (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82 to 1.05];P < .001). There were no significant differences in levels of S100B (SMD, 1.10 [95% CI, −3.08 to 5.28];P = .38), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD, −0.52 [95% CI, −2.23 to 1.19];P = .40), or neuron-specific enolase (SMD, −0.00 [95% CI, −1.99 to 1.98];P = .10) in patients with peripheral neuropathy compared with control participants.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of neurofilament light chain as a blood-based measure associated with the presence of neuronal injury in patients with peripheral neuropathy.
What Parents Should Know About Constipation in Children
Authors: Zuar Lynsey R. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: December 2022

This Patient Page describes the symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and timeline of constipation in children.
Equation discovery using mode extraction via singular value decomposition
Authors: Suzuki Takuya
Published: December 2022

Many studies have been conducted to elucidate unknown input/output systems based on measured data obtained from experiments and observations. Specifically, neural networks, which have been significantly developed in recent years, can be used for equation discovery. However, the identified networks are considerably large and difficult to understand. Many studies have been conducted on mathematical expressions that are easy to understand; however, there is a paucity of studies on methods to determine a simple equation by eliminating unnecessary terms. In this study, we propose a novel method for identifying unknown equations using mode extraction via singular value decomposition. In this method, the “process of improving the precision of an equation” and the “process of deleting unnecessary terms” are alternately iterated based on singular value decomposition. We confirm the applicability of the proposed method via a sample problem on cantilever deflection. Therefore, the proposed method can accurately determine an equation of an input/output system composed of only essential terms (i.e., excluding unnecessary terms) from training data.
ePURE_JSBML: A Tool for Constructing a Deterministic Model of a Reconstituted Escherichia coli Protein Translation System with a User‐Specified Nucleic Acid Sequence
Authors: Shimizu Yoshihiro , Tanimura Naoki , Matsuura Tomoaki
Published: December 2022

A protein synthesis system is one of the most important and complex biological networks, which translates DNA‐encoded information into specific functions. Here, ePURE_JSBML, a tool for constructing biologically relevant large‐scale and detailed computational models based on a reconstituted cell‐free protein synthesis system, is presented; the user can specify the mRNA sequence, initial component concentration, and decoding rule. Model construction is based on Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) using JSBML, a pure Java programming library. The tool generates simulation files, executable with Matlab, that enable a variety of simulation experiments including the synthesis of proteins of a few hundred residues.
Bimetallic‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhou Xiao‐Li , Lv Hua‐Gang , Yu Han‐Qing , Yu Yan
Published: December 2022

The electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a core electrode reaction for the renewable production of high‐purity hydrogen, carbon‐based fuel, synthetic ammonia, etc. However, the sluggish kinetics of the OER result in a high overpotential and limit the widespread application of OER‐based technologies. Recent studies have shown that bimetallic‐based materials with the synergism of different metal components to regulate the adsorption and dissociation energy of intermediates are promising OER electrocatalyst candidates with a lower cost and energy consumption. In the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing OER applications of bimetallic‐based materials with a focus on compositions, phase, structure, etc., to highlight the synergism of different metal components. However, there is a lack of critical thinking and organized analysis of OER applications with bimetallic‐based materials. This review critically discusses the challenges of developing bimetallic‐based OER materials, summarizes the current optimization strategies to enhance both activity and stability, and highlights the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for OER. The relationship between the componential/structural features of bimetallic‐based materials and their electrocatalytic properties is presented to form comprehensive electronic and geometric modifications based on thorough analysis of the reported works and discuss future efforts to realize sustainable bimetallic‐based OER applications.
Implanting of Single Zinc Sites into 2D Metal–Organic Framework Nanozymes for Boosted Antibiofilm Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Wenchao , Xia Xing‐Hua , Wang Chen
Published: December 2022

Design of nanozymes with catalytic active sites at atomic‐scale not only improves the atomic utilization, but also provides a well‐defined coordination structure for nanozymes’ catalytic mechanism research. Herein, a surfactant‐assisted method is reported for preparing 2D metal–organic frameworks based single zinc sites nanozyme (SZN‐MOFs) through assembling preformed Zn single‐atom coordinated porphyrin precursors into ultrathin MOF nanosheets. The Zn atom loading weight ratio in SZN‐MOFs is up to 4.6 wt.%. The SZN‐MOFs exhibit extraordinary peroxidase‐like activity, which can effectively catalyze H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals. The catalytical mechanism is elucidated and the origin of the high peroxidase‐like activity of SZN‐MOFs is rationalized using density functional theory calculations. Finally, it is demonstrated that the SZN‐MOFs present great promises for in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm activity under a low concentration of H2O2. This study not only develops a surfactant‐assisted method for fabricating MOF‐based single sites nanozyme, but also manifests the applications in the field of antibiofilm therapy.
Large‐Area Blade‐Coated Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with a Narrowband and Uniform Emission
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Sun Lili , Zheng Yingying , Zhang Yahui , Yu Ningning , Yang Jinghao , Li Mengyuan , Chen Wenyu , He Liangliang , Liu Bin , Ni Mingjian , Liu Heyuan , Xu Man , Bai Lubing , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: December 2022

Large‐area polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) manufactured by printing are required for flat‐panel lighting and displays. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to fabricate large‐area and stable deep‐blue PLEDs with narrowband emission due to the difficulties in precisely tuning film uniformity and obtaining single‐exciton emission. Herein, efficient and stable large‐area deep‐blue PLEDs with narrowband emission are prepared from encapsulated polydiarylfluorene. Encapsulated polydiarylfluorenes presented an efficient and stable deep‐blue emission (peak: 439 nm; full width at half maximum (FWHM): 39 nm) in the solid state due to their single‐chain emission behavior without inter‐backbone chain aggregation. Large‐area uniform blade‐coated films (16 cm2) are also fabricated with excellent smoothness and morphology. Benefitting from efficient emission and excellent printed capacity, the blade‐coated PLEDs with a device area of 9 mm2 realized uniform deep‐blue emission (FWHM: 38 nm; CIE: 0.153, 0.067), with a corresponding maximum external quantum efficiency and the brightness comparable to those of devices based on spin‐coated films. Finally, considering the essential role of deep‐blue LEDs, a preliminary patterned PLED array with a pixel size of 800 × 1000 µm2 and a monochrome display is fabricated, highlighting potential full‐color display applications.
Regulating Zn Ion Desolvation and Deposition Chemistry Toward Durable and Fast Rechargeable Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Li Guoyu , Feng Saifei , Qin Hongyu , Wang Qiancheng , Shen Fang , Liu Penggao , Huang Yanping , He Huibing
Published: December 2022

The high Zn ion desolvation energy, sluggish Zn deposition kinetics, and top Zn plating pattern are the key challenges toward practical Zn anodes. Herein, these key issues are addressed by introducing zinc pyrovanadate (ZVO) as a solid zinc‐ion conductor interface to induce smooth and fast Zn deposition underneath the layer. Electrochemical studies, computational analysis, and in situ observations reveal the boosted desolvation and deposition kinetics, and uniformity by ZVO interface. In addition, the anti‐corrosion ability of Zn anodes is improved, resulting in high Zn stripping/plating reversibility. Consequently, the ZVO layer renders fast rechargeability and durable life in both Zn symmetric cells (1050 h at 10 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2) and Zn/V2O5 batteries (79.1% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1) with low electrode polarization. This work provides insights into the design of solid zinc‐ion conductor interface to enhance the interface stability and kinetics of Zn metal anodes.
Essential updates 2020/2021: Advancing precision medicine for comprehensive rectal cancer treatment
Authors: Takemasa Ichiro , Hamabe Atsushi , Miyo Masaaki , Akizuki Emi , Okuya Koichi
Published: December 2022

In the paradigm shift related to rectal cancer treatment, we have to understand a variety of new emerging topics to provide appropriate treatment for individual patients as precision medicine. However, information on surgery, genomic medicine, and pharmacotherapy is highly specialized and subdivided, creating a barrier to achieving thorough knowledge. In this review, we summarize the perspective for rectal cancer treatment and management from the current standard‐of‐care to the latest findings to help optimize treatment strategy.
A typical variant in TCF4 exon 18 is not associated with Pitt–Hopkins syndrome but with a familial case of mild and nonspecific neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Aldeeri Abdulrahman A. , Abu‐El‐Haija Aya
Published: December 2022

TCF4 gene encodes a class I helix–loop–helix transcription factor critical for the developing brain. Common polymorphisms in TCF4 and disruptive variants in the proximal region of the gene have been linked to relatively mild neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast, variants impacting distal exons are associated with Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), a severe autosomal dominant condition characterized by profound intellectual disability, developmental delay, limited or absent speech, distinctive facies, and disordered breathing. Although phenotypic variability has been observed in PTHS, intellectual impairment and significant speech and motor delays are invariably present. In contrast to the typical de novo variants causing TCF4‐related disorder and PTHS, we report a familial form of TCF4‐related disorder where the missense variant arose de novo in the father and was inherited by two of his children. Although this family's variant's position in exon 18 predicted a typical PTHS phenotype, none of the affected individuals met the clinical diagnostic criteria for PTHS suggested by Zollino et al. in the first international consensus statement (as in the study by Zollino et al. in 2019). Rather, the three affected family members exhibited remarkably variable and milder phenotypes than would have been predicted from the position of their TCF4 variant. Thus, the clinical spectrum of PTHS‐associated TCF4 variants may be broader than previously reported.
I2‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Ynamides: Chemoselective and Divergent Access to Indole Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Bo‐Han , Ye Sheng‐Bing , Nie Min‐Ling , Xie Zhong‐Yang , Wang Yi‐Bo , Qian Peng‐Cheng , Sun Qing , Ye Long‐Wu , Li Long
Published: December 2022

Herein, an I2‐catalyzed unprecedented cycloisomerization of ynamides is developed, furnishing various functionalized bis(indole) derivatives in generally good to excellent yields with wide substrate scope and excellent atom‐economy. This protocol not only represents the first molecular‐iodine‐catalyzed tandem complex alkyne cycloisomerizations, but also constitutes the first chemoselective cycloisomerization of tryptamine‐ynamides involving distinctively different C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond cleavage and rearrangement. Moreover, chiral tetrahydropyridine frameworks containing two stereocenters are obtained with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. Meanwhile, cycloisomerization and aromatization of ynamides produce pyrrolyl indoles with high efficiency enabled by I2. Additionally, control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that this reaction probably undergoes a tandem 5‐exo‐dig cyclization/rearrangement process.
Am Rande des Bekannten: Extrem elektronenreiche (Di)carboranylphosphane
Authors: Schulz Jan , Clauss Reike , Kazimir Aleksandr , Holzknecht Sieglinde , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: December 2022

Die Synthese der ersten B9‐verbundenen Carboranylphosphane (B9‐Phos) mit zwei Carboranyleinheiten sowie der Zugang zu B9‐Phos‐Liganden mit sperrigen elektronen‐schiebenden Substituenten, die bisher als unerreichbar galten, werden vorgestellt. Die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften der B9‐Phos‐Liganden wurden untersucht und die Fähigkeit der Mesityl‐Derivate, stabilisierte Phosphoniumylradikalkationen zu bilden, wurde gezeigt. Die B9‐Phos‐Liganden weisen einen extrem elektronenschiebenden Charakter auf, der den von Alkylphosphanen und allgemein verwendeten N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen übertrifft. Dies wird durch ihre sehr kleinen elektronischen Tolman‐Parameter (TEP) sowie durch extrem niedrige P−Se‐Kopplungskonstanten belegt. Kegelwinkel und verdeckten Volumina belegen die hohe sterische Hinderung, die von den (Di)carboranylphosphanen ausgeht. Die Dicarboranylphosphan‐AuI‐Komplexe zeigen im Vergleich zu den Monocarboranylphosphan‐Analoga eine bessere katalytische Leistung bei der Hydroaminierung von Alkinen.
Guidelines in Practice: Patient Information Management
Authors: Williams Katherine
Published: December 2022

Patient information management can involve paper and electronic documentation. Because the patient's health care record (HCR) is a legal document, it must provide an accurate representation of care. The record contains protected health information and must be secure. In addition, the documentation must adhere to local, state, and federal regulations and facility policies; it also may incorporate recommendations from national professional guidelines. The AORN “Guideline for patient information management” was recently updated and provides evidence‐based best practices for comprehensive perioperative documentation that aligns with the nursing workflow. This article includes an overview of patient information management and discusses recommendations for health information technology, the patient HCR, perioperative record design, documentation and nursing workflow, informed consent documentation, order documentation, modifying patient HCRs, education, policies and procedures, and quality. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations for patient information management as applicable to their individual roles.
A Nomogram for Predicting Unplanned Intraoperative Hypothermia in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Procedures
Authors: Yan Lupei , Tan Jingxing , Chen Hao , Xiao Han , Zhang Yi , Yao Qin , Li Yuerong
Published: December 2022

Unplanned intraoperative hypothermia is a complication that can lead to a variety of negative outcomes, such as cardiovascular events. We aimed to develop and validate an intraoperative hypothermia risk prediction nomogram for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic colorectal procedures. We conducted a prospective cohort study with 1,091 patients (ie, 765 in the training cohort, 326 in the validation cohort) from October 2020 to November 2021. We included six predictors in the nomogram model: body mass index, diabetes diagnosis, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, duration of surgery, and use of a forced‐air warmer. The model performed well, and the area under the curve was 0.855. These results, together with an external validation value, mean that health care professionals can use the nomogram to calculate the intraoperative hypothermia risk for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal procedures and make clinical decisions based on the results.