bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi pada Rumah Bangsawan Kraton Yogyakarta, Studi Kasus : Sarana, Prasarana dan Utilitas di Kompleks Dalem Benawan
Authors: Suharno Yohanes Eudes
Published: August 2020

Dalam konsep kewilayahan Kraton Yogyakarta, Dalem Benawan merupakan salah satu bentuk perumahan milik Kraton yang ditempati oleh putra-putri Sri Sultan. Dalam perkembangannya di dalam kompleks Dalem Benawan selain ditempati oleh putra-putri Sri Sultan juga ditinggali oleh penghuni diluar garis keturunan Raja. Keberadaaan sebagian rumah di kompleks Dalem Benawan dengan penghuni â€œorang kebanyakanâ€ tersebut sebagai upaya pihak Kraton untuk mengatasi masalah kebutuhanÂ  rumah bagi sebagian masyarakat di kota Yogyakarta. Permasalahannya yaitu sejauh mana kondisi sarana, prasarana dan utilitas di kompleks Dalem Benawan yang dikatakan sebagai perumahan di kawasan perkotaan memenuhi amanat undang-undangÂ  yaitu sebagai perumahan yang layak huni. Untuk itu diperlukan identifikasi yang terkait dengan program pemerintahÂ  menuju kota layak huni dengan konsep KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh). Program tersebut memiliki 8 indikator utama untuk mengetahui kondisi kompleks Dalem Benawan dalam upaya menuju perumahan layak huni. Diidentifikasi dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dari aspek arsitektural antara lain seperti kecukupan luasan rumah terhadap penghuni, kondisi bangunan, ketersediaan MCK, jalan lingkungan dan sebagainya. Dengan hasil identifikasi tersebut dapat diketahui kelayakan huni perumahanÂ  Dalem Benawan sekaligus sebagai landasan peremajaan lingkungan perumahan.
Analisa kajian literatur Green Building berdasarkan sudut pandang perkembangan ekonomi
Authors: Artha Bhenu , Tyas Nurina Vidya Ayuning , Murti Desy Ayu Krisna , Asri Cahya Purnama
Published: August 2020

Industri konstruksi memiliki dampak berbahaya terhadap lingkungan, ekonomi, dan masyarakat. Sehingga perlu diterapkan pasokan tenaga berkelanjutan dimana hal ini dapat diterapkan pada bangunan dengan konsep green building. Wujud perhatian masyarakat di Indonesia terkait green buildingÂ  saat ini mulai meningkat dan penerapan green building di Indonesia dirasa perlu dilaksanakan. Hal ini dapat dimulai dengan membuat peraturan yang mendorong aplikasi green building, terutama untuk perkantoran, sekolah, universitas, yang dapat dimulai dari kantor-kantor pemerintah, seperti halnya yang telah dilakukan dengan adanya peraturan tentang kendaraan listrik atau bebas emisi.
Data Deduplication Strategies in Cloud Computing
Authors: Begum MD. Jareena , Haritha B.
Published: August 2020

Cloud computing assumes an essential job in the business stage as figuring assets are conveyed on request to clients over the Internet. Distributed computing gives on-request and pervasive access to a concentrated pool of configurable assets, for example, systems, applications, and administrations This guarantees the vast majority of undertakings and number of clients externalize their information into the cloud worker. As of late, secure deduplication strategies have bid extensive interests in the both scholastic and mechanical associations. The primary preferred position of utilizing distributed storage from the clients' perspective is that they can diminish their consumption in buying and keeping up capacity framework. By the creating data size of appropriated registering, a decline in data volumes could help providers reducing the costs of running gigantic accumulating system and saving power usage. So information deduplication strategies have been proposed to improve capacity effectiveness in cloud stockpiles. Also, thinking about the assurance of delicate documents. Before putting away the records into the cloude stockpile they frequently utilize some encryption calculations to ensure them.In this paper we propose stratagies for secure information deduplication
The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability, and Firm Size on the Bond Rating of Banking Sub Sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014 – 2018
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Syarif Andam Dewi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to detect empirical evidence regarding the effect of liquidity, leverage, profitability and firm size on bond ratings. The population in this study uses banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. 10 banking companies that met the criteria were sampled. The data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis. Panel regression analysis model used is the Fixed Effect model. The data used are secondary data in the form of annual financial ratios. The results of this study on the partial test prove that firm size has an effect on bond ratings. The results also showed that liquidity, leverage, profitability had no effect on bond ratings. The simultaneous test results prove that simultaneously liquidity, leverage, profitability and firm size have a significant effect on the bond rating
Fault Detection by Means of UL Passive Threat on Bearings
Authors: Corona José Luis Hernández , Vazquez Ernesto Mendoza , Gayosso Juan Eduardo Arroyo , Colchado Juan Mario Flores , Colchado Juan Mario Flores
Published: August 2020

In the mechanical systems it is important to monitor the state of the components, to avoid breakdowns and cause forced stops in the system. Some of the processes that exist in different companies do not have monitoring and / or vibrations that allow for better inspection quality within a process. The project carried out has the purpose of studying and measuring possible bearing or bearing failures with technological equipment such as EPOCH III from Parametric. Therefore, it helps in training the student in the use of these equipments in order to recognize a fault.
Influence of Application Readiness,Trust and E-Service Quality Against Purchase Interest in E-Commerce Xin Jabodetabek
Authors: Saputra Yendry , Mulia Dipa
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze how much influence the variable Application Readiness (Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness), Trust and E-Service Quality to Purchase Interest in E-commerce X in Jabodetabek. This study used a purposive sampling method with a Hair theory formula amounting to 160 respondents. The data analysis technique used is a Structural equation Modeling (SEM) equation technique using the AMOS version 22 application. The results showed that the Application Readiness, trust, and E-Service Quality significantly affect the Purchase Interest, E-Service Quality has the biggest and most significant contribution to online Purchase Interest.
Value at Risk Analysis towards Automotive Sub Sector Shares and its Components at Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Mulyanah Sri Nurul , Asianto Abitur
Published: August 2020

The purpose from this research was to analyzed those optimum model with Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscsedasticity - Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH-GARCH) from automotive sector shares and estimated the calculation investment risk analysis the Value at Risk method approach used 95% confidence level and holding period which provides information on maximum potential loss towards stock return value. Data From these research was secondary data for time series in form of monthly Shares return value from Astra Internasional, Astra Otoparts, Goodyear Indonesia, Gajah Tunggal, Indomobil Sukses Internasional, and Prima Alloy Steel Universal. Data was obtained from www.idx.co.id, yahoo.finance.com and other sources from December 2013 to August 2019.The risk analysis tool for calculating Value at Risk with Variance-covariance type. The Conclusion from these research results Was the data was stationary which does not had normal distribution and the longer the investment takes, the higher the loss rate. This research was expected to be useful for policy makers to consider decisions regarding investment decisions in automotive sector or related companies to develop Indonesian economy and this research was expected to broaden knowledge, views and information and could provide empirical evidence about Value At risk analysis Through ARCH–GARCH model
Effect of Computer- Simulation on Achievement and Interest in Cell Division Among Male and Female Secondary School Students in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: OKOLO Dr. M.A. , OLUWASEGUN Dr. O. G.
Published: August 2020

This study is aimed at investigating the ‘Effect of Computer Simulation on Achievement and Interest in Cell Division among Male and Female Secondary School Students in Abuja. The study adopted quasi experimental research design. The sample of the study was 72 students consisting of 33 males and 39 females from two intact classes randomly drawn from all the co-educational schools in the six area councils in Abuja. One class was randomly assigned to the experimental group while the other served as the control group.The experimental group was taught cell division using computer simulation teaching strategy while the control group was taught using the conventional teaching method. The study lasted for six weeks. Two research questions were raised and two corresponding null hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Two instruments were used for data collection which were; Cell Division Achievement Test (CDAT) and Cell Division Interest Scale (CDIS). CDIS was based on four point likert rating scale. CDAT had a reliability coefficient of 0.81 using kuder- Richard K-R 21 and CDIS had 0.86 using Cronbach’s alpha. The results revealed that: Computer simulation strategy was found to be better than the conventional method in teaching and learning of cell division; gender was not a determinant factor in Biology students’ interest ratings in teaching cell division. It was recommended among others that Biology teachers should adapt the use of Computer simulation strategy in teaching cell division.
Burnout Syndrome and Drugs Use in the Family Health Strategy Nursing Team Brazilian
Authors: Araújo Adriane Batista de , Teixeira Núbia Fernandes , Giuliani Carla Denari , Ferreira Maria Cristina de Moura , Junqueira Marcelle Aparecida de Barros , Medicina Faculdade de
Published: August 2020

Introduction: This research alludes to Burnout Syndrome within the team of nursing professionals (auxiliaries, technicians and nurses) of the Family Health Strategy (ESF). Objectives: To correlate the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome and drug use among nursing professionals in the Uberlândia Family Health Strategy. Describe the socio-demographic and work characteristics of nursing professionals. To identify the presence of Burnout Syndrome among nursing professionals. To characterize the profile of drug use among nursing professionals. Method: The research has a descriptive-analytical, quantitative character, performed according to CNS Resolution 466/12. Questionnaires were applied in a sample of 112 professionals in the UBSF's of the city of Uberlândia. Simple and applied statistics were used to collect the data. Results: The study showed that the sample was more predominantly female, from the age group of 30 to 49 years (adult phase) that are characteristics of the vulnerability to the disease. The sectors that includes the largest number of professionals are the South and West sectors. It was identified with the MBI - Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire that only 4.5% of the sample presented Burnout Syndrome, although it was found that 19.05% showed professional exhaustion and 7.9%, depersonalization. These last data allude that a significant part of the professionals are more likely to develop the Syndrome. In fact, the relationship between drug use and job satisfaction was evaluated, which resulted in alcohol being the drug that had a greater predominance of use in relation to other drugs. With analysis of the statistics, it is perceived that this consumption rises to the level of the use of risk, which is very prone to develop dependency. Conclusion: The research alluded well to the problem. Situational leadership is a way for the health care team leader to decrease the propensity for Burnout Syndrome in their employees. After all, Burnout Syndrome makes it impossible for nurses to commit to nursing, because of its consequences reaching not only the professionals, but also the caregivers.
AMELİYATHANELERDE İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ AÇISINDAN RİSK POTANSİYELLERİNİN İRDELENMESİ VE AYDINLATMA KOŞULLARININ ÇALIŞANLARIN GÖRSEL DİKKAT DÜZEYİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KEPEKÇİ Ali Bestemi , KEPEKÇİ Haydar
Published: August 2020

İş sağlığı, çalışanların bedensel, sosyal ve ruhsal olarak sağlıklı olmalarını sağlamak gerek çalışma koşullarını gerekse kullanılan araçları insan sağlığına daha uygun hale getirmek; çalışanları çalışma alanından kaynaklanan zararlı etkilerden korumak ve çalışanlar arasında uyumlu çalışmayı sağlamak için yapılan tüm çalışmaları kapsar. Tüm çalışma ortamlarında olası risklere karşı çalışanları korumak temel yaklaşımdır. Ameliyathaneler de çalışanlar için belli risklerin olduğu çalışma alanlarıdır. Ameliyathanelerde daha uzun süre ve vardiyalı çalışan anestezi çalışanları için bu risk daha yüksektir. Bu çalışmada, ameliyathanedeki aydınlatma koşullarının, çalışanların görsel ve sürdürülebilir dikkat düzeyi üzerindeki etkisinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Uygulama kapsamında, periyodik sağlık muayenelerinde herhangi bir sağlık problemi bulunmayan, yaşları 20 ile 47 arasında değişkenlik gösteren 38 i erkek ve 27 si kadın olmak üzere toplam 65 kişiden oluşan bir çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma grubundaki kişilerin her birine farklı zamanlarda sırasıyla 1000, 500, 250, 100 ve 50 lux düzeylerinde 25 soruluk görsel dikkat testi uygulanmış ve her bir katılımcının, her aydınlatma koşulunda vermiş oldukları doğru ve yanlış cevap sayıları elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma grubundaki kişilerin her birine 100 lux seviyesine 8 saatlik bir periyotta maruz bırakılarak, bu süreçte sırasıyla 1., 2., 4. ve 8. saatlerin sonunda görsel dikkat testi uygulandı ve sonuçlar kaydedildi. Analizler, IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Yaş artışının görsel dikkat üzerinde aydınlatma düzeyi ile bağlantılı olarak olumsuz etkisi için bir anlamlılık gözlemlenmişken, cinsiyet faktörü için herhangi bir anlamlılık saptanamamıştır. Aydınlatma düzeyinin görsel dikkat üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi 250 lux ve altındaki seviyelerde anlamlılık göstermişken, 500 ve 1000 lux seviyelerinde bir anlamlılık tespit edilememiştir. Maruziyet süresinin incelenen her dilimde görsel dikkat üzerinde olumsuz etkisi adına bir anlamlılık görülmektedir. Görsel dikkat düzeyinin yapılan işin başarısı ile doğrudan bir ilişkisi mevcuttur. Aydınlatma düzeyinin 250 lux ve altındaki seviyelerde görsel dikkat üzerinde olumsuz etkisi anlamlı bulunmuş ve maruziyet süresi arttıkça bu anlamlılık daha da kesinlik kazanmıştır. Başta anestezi ekibi olmak üzere ameliyathane ortamında uzun süre bulunanların dikkat düzeyi ameliyathanede gelişebilecek iş kazaları ve komplikasyonları etkileyebilir.
Outstanding Achievements in Ocean Technology and Science in the 20th Century
Authors: Sagalevich Anatoly M. , Sagalevich Viacheslav D.
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the development of new technologies that produced incredible scientific discoveries during the 20th century. Implementation of echo sounders and seismic reflection-refraction methods confirmed the theory of plate tectonics (Wegener
revolution). The construction and use of deep-towed vehicles and manned submersibles enabled the discovery of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. This article is an attempt to show close connections between the innovations in ocean technology and discoveries in the ocean sciences.
FishBots: Bio-Inspired Marine Robots Give Students a Hands-On Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Consi Thomas R. , Fan Dixia , Jodin Gurvan
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimple bio-inspired marine robots were used as teaching tools to introduce students to concepts in fluid mechanics, marine robotics, and how biological swimming mechanisms can provide fertile ground for new ideas in underwater propulsion. These robots, termed FishBots, were used in two educational situations. The first was a project for two undergraduate summer interns at MIT Sea Grant. This experience proved that such robots could be developed by undergraduates under the time constraint of a 1-month internship. Building on that success, we used FishBots successfully in an undergraduate freshman seminar class at MIT. In one semester, 29 students built 13 FishBots, all were tested in the water and 11 successfully swam, meaning they moved in a roughly straight line. These educational experiences are described in this paper along with the design of several of the student-built FishBots. The paper concludes with future educational paths for the FishBot idea.
Fuel for Cyclones: Quantification of Ocean‐Atmosphere Energy Exchange during Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal Using Indian Ocean Moored Observatories
Authors: Venkatesan Ramasamy , Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Vengatesan Gopalakrishnan , Weller Robert A. , Tandon Amit , Atmanand Malayath Aravindakshan
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on the in-situ subsurface thermal and salinity measurements from the Ocean Moored Buoy Network for Northern Indian Ocean (OMNI) during the passage of very severe tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal, we have identified that the depth of ocean‐atmosphere
interaction is limited by the depth of the pycnocline. During the TC Vardha and Phailin with cyclone-period-averaged wind speeds of 8 and 21 m/s, respectively, the maximum possible rates of water-vapor generation during the cyclone period, computed based on the salinity changes and considering
precipitation, are 1.0 and 9.3 kg/m2/h, respectively. For the same wind speeds, based on the ocean heat content (OHC) changes, it is quantified that ~78% and 89% of the OHC changes are in the form of latent heat. The real-time availability of the in-situ subsurface parameters can
be used in the ocean-atmosphere coupled models and intensification studies.
Maneuvering Ability-Based Weighted Potential Field Framework for Multi-USV Navigation, Guidance, and Control
Authors: Mina Tamzidul , Singh Yogang , Min Byung-Cheol
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous types of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are currently available for different applications with a wide spectrum of maneuvering capabilities. We present a generalized multi-USV navigation, guidance, and control framework adaptable to specific USV maneuvering response capabilities for dynamic obstacle avoidance. The proposed method integrates offline optimal path planning with a safety distance constrained A* algorithm, and an online extended adaptively weighted (EAW) artificial potential field-based path following approach with dynamic collision avoidance, based on USV maneuvering response times. The framework adaptively weighs inter-USV interaction, waypoint following, and collision avoidance based on USV maneuvering capabilities. The EAW system allows USVs with fast maneuvering abilities to react late and slow USVs to react sooner to oncoming moving obstacles gradually, with a carefully designed series of repulsive potential with diminishing weighting along the predicted path of detected moving obstacles, such that a smooth path is followed by the USV group with reduced cross-track error and reduced maneuvering effort. We emphasize the importance of such requirements in constrained and busy maritime environments such as narrow channels in busy harbors. Simulation results validate the proposed EAW artificial potential field framework for different sized multi-USV teams showing reduced cross-track error and maneuvering effort compared to the unweighted or traditional approach, for both slow- and fast-maneuvering multi-USV teams.
Texture Features and Unsupervised Learning-Incorporated Rain-Contaminated Region Identification From X-Band Marine Radar Images
Authors: Chen Xinwei , Huang Weimin
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel method is proposed for identifying rain-contaminated regions in X-band marine radar images. Due to the difference of texture between rain-contaminated and rain-free echoes, a Gabor filter bank and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are introduced to filter marine
radar images and generate texture features. Feature vectors extracted from each pixel of the training samples are input into a clustering model, which is trained using unsupervised learning techniques such as k-means and a self-organizing map (SOM). After distinguishing between rain-free
and rain-contaminated clusters, the proposed method is able to cluster pixels into rain-free and rain-contaminated types automatically. Images collected from a shipborne marine radar in a sea trial off the east coast of Canada under rain conditions are utilized to validate the proposed method.
Identification results obtained from several clustering models with different combinations of cluster number, texture features, and clustering methods show that rain-contaminated pixels are effectively detected, with an overall identification accuracy of 89.1% for both k-means‐based
(k = 4) and 2 × 2-neuron SOM-based clustering models.
The Effect of Ship Operator-Based Empty Container Imbalance on Container Circulation
Authors: Basarici Ahmet Selcuk , Satir Tanzer , Bamyaci Muhammed
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate that ship operator-based container imbalance (SOBCI) leads to empty container movement (ECM) beyond trade imbalance, which is described as additional ECM (AECM). This demonstration is supported by a feasible suggestion to
overcome additional empty container circulation, critiquing the suggestion of a common container pool and initiating a further discussion to reduce AECM. Two hypotheses examining SOBCI, trade imbalance, and empty container circulation were tested for the container throughputs of Turkish ports
using the Mann-Whitney U test and regression analysis. A thought experiment about how to calculate the potential amount of ECM beyond trade imbalance was conducted. Recently, a substantial amount of container accumulation beyond the trade imbalance in the terminals located in Istanbul-Kocaeli
and Mersin for 20-foot containers and in Istanbul-Kocaeli and Gemlik for 40-foot containers has occurred due to SOBCI. In Turkish container terminals between 2013 and 2016, SOBCI explains 32.78% of AECM originating from the market effect. For 20-foot containers, the percentages of avoidable
AECM are 30% for Istanbul-Kocaeli and 20% for Mersin. For 40-foot containers, the AECM is 50% for Mersin, 20%‐25% for Istanbul-Kocaeli and Gemlik, and 5% for Izmir-Aliaga. The concept of the market effect, its elements, SOBCI, and the magnitude of AECM arising from only the market effect
(AECM-OME) were used for the empirical study. This study demonstrates the relationship between SOBCI and AECM-OME. Additionally, a unique thought experiment and its mathematical notation are presented to calculate the magnitude of AECM that has been released.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS LEAVES ON MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA
Authors: Bilar Ali , Christopher Benedict
Published: August 2020

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 and 1M HCl by leave extract of eucalyptus was studied using gravimetric (weight loss) method at various temperature. The results obtained showed that the efficiency of inhibition increases with increase in the extract concentrations and decreases with rise in temperature. The adsorption of plant extract on the mild steels was found to obey Longmuir adsorption isotherm. This could be due to physical adsorption of cation species on the metal surface.
GREEN SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON (III) COMPLEX OF UREA FROM HUMAN URINE AND IRON RUST
Authors: Uduah V.O. , Gongden J.J. , Kagoro M.L. , Gurumyen K.K. , Lohdip Y.N. , Sase J.T.
Published: August 2020

This work presents a dry synthesis of Iron (III) complex with urea isolated from human urine and Fe (III) obtained from iron rust particles. Iron (III), PI (Purified iron rust), was isolated from iron rust in 10% hydrochloric acid, HCl and distilled water respectively. The complex was synthesized via dry-synthesis method using the melted urea as reaction medium. The isolated Fe (III) was characterized by elemental analysis which was done using XRF Cu-Zn method. The complex was prepared in a 1:4 metal to ligand (M-L) ratio. The stoichiometry of reaction indicate a 1:3 ratio of M-L (Fe-U). The complex was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, XRF and XRD spectroscopic techniques. The Fe (III) isolate and Fe-U complex shows percentage yields of 35.7% and ~92% respectively. The elemental and oxide composition of Fe and Fe2O3 (i.e., PI) were 40.387% and 57.753% respectively. The results obtained from the characterization of the iron-urea complex, IUC, indicate FT-IR result as symmetric and asymmetric frequencies with peaks of a combination band of Vs (NH) and Vas (NH), C=O and V (C-N) all stretched, XRD showed the crystal to be amorphous. The elemental and oxide composition of the Fe and Fe2O3 in IUC were 40.007 and 44.201 respectively. The results obtained revealed that useful complexes can be synthesized easily from waste materials, such as urine and iron rust particles, which complement Green chemistry.
Antioxidant Activity and Assessment of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaf Extract and Fractions
Authors: Ighodaro A. , Ogbeide O.K
Published: August 2020

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the development of many diseases. Indeed, the increase in total antioxidant status is imperative in the recuperation from these diseases. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves were determined in this study. The powdered dried leaves of C. pulcherrima were screened for their effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract and fractions were estimated using established methods. Concentrations of the plant extracts required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect (IC50) were recorded as 3.20, 48.11, 33.12, 9.15, 27.26, 17.90, 272.18 and 55.51μg/ml for Ascorbic acid, 100% n-hexane, 50% n-hexane: 50% ethyl acetate, 100% ethyl acetate, 50% ethyl acetate:50% methanol, 100% methanol, 90% methanol:10% water fractions and crude extract, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest for 100% ethyl acetate fraction. The leaf extract and fractions of C. pulcherrima exhibited notable radical scavenging activity and therefore corroborate its use as a natural plant antioxidant by preventing free radical damage.
Ciprofloxacin loaded castor oil based emulsion: Its antimicrobial, hematotoxicity and soft tissue pathophysiological study in Wister rats
Authors: Bamisaye A. , Eromosele C. O. , Dare E. O. , Akinloye O. A.
Published: August 2020

The emergence of nanocarrier for drug delivery has been flanked with great achievements in the field of nanomedicine. It is however unsafe to assume their toxicological safety. This necessitated examining the toxico-dynamics of ciprofloxacin loaded castor oil based emulsion (COAB+Cp). The emulsions were prepared by mechano-chemical process. The effects of 10 mL per kg of body-weight (BW) of COAB+Cp was estimated in Adult Wistar rats (n=10) for 21 days vis-à-vis a control set up, treated with equal volume of distilled water. The biochemical and haematological parameters were conducted with histopathology of the heart, kidney, spleen and liver. Also, the antimicrobial study on Bacillus. Subtilis (BS) was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. No observable abnormal change in BW gain of both test and control animals. Treatment of animals with COAB+Cp did not cause any observable significant change at P > 0.05 in the blood-chemistry parameters and hematological indices. The photopathological examinations indicates that the histological architecture of vital organs (heart, liver, kidney and spleen) was not compromised in COAB+Cp treated animals. While the recorded value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of COAB+Cp corroborated its mean zone of inhibition (ZI) values, signifying a better bioactivity of COAB+Cp compared to Cp on BS. COAB+Cp has no cardiotoxic, hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects on Wistar rats, with increased potency of the encapsulated Cp thus appears promising as a safe vehicle for oral delivery of ciprofloxacin.
Using GC-MS for natural product analysis in Nigeria: Problems and prospects
Authors: Odjobo B. O. , Ichoron N. , Igoli N. P. , Igoli J. O.
Published: August 2020

The absence or idle state of analytical equipment such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometers and chromatographic techniques has constrained natural products research in Nigeria. Presently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has become the more easily available method in Nigeria for the identification of natural products in extracts. This method is sometimes fraught with non-reproducible results and the identification of non-natural or biosynthesized compounds. Several of the extracts analyzed are not volatile, some of the analysts are not competent and certified reference standards are hardly used. These coupled with poor library or database matches and data processing among others lead to the identification of compounds not recognizable from the extract or plants materials under study. This review discusses some of the problems involved in the use of this method for dereplication studies of plant extracts in Nigeria and makes some suggestions for improvement.
ONE-POT-TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS OF BIOLUBRICANT BASE STOCK FROM RUBBER SEED OIL
Authors: . Madojemu G.O , Elimian E.A. , Ejimadu M.C. , Okieimen C.O. , Okieimen F.E.
Published: August 2020

Biolubricant base stock was synthesized in this work from rubber seed oil in a one-pot-two-step process of epoxidation and hydroxylation. Rubber seed oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The in situ epoxidation of the rubber seed oil with peracid (hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid) was analysed and optimized considering three process variables with their range of values given as temperature of 35-50 , time of 60-180 mins and mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid of 1:0.25-1:1 by applying the central composite design of response surface methodology. The ring opening reaction (hydroxylation) of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (lubricant basestock) with ethanol was carried out using the optimum conditions obtained from the epoxidation process. The rubber seed oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties using standard methods and in terms of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Maximum epoxide content of 4.85% and maximum conversion of 71% of rubber seed oil to epoxide was achieved at a temperature of 50􀀀 , reaction time of 180 mins and 1: 0.39 mol/mol of hydrogen peroxide to acetic acid. The predicted values of the epoxidation process reasonably agreed with the experimental ones and model R-squared value of about 95% showed that response surface method can reasonably predict the epoxidation process using a quadratic polynomial model. There was 75% conversion of the epoxide to polyhydroxylated oil (biolubricant basestock), which represents a very high yield. The formation of epoxides and polyhydroxylated oil lead to modification (improvement) in the properties of rubber seed oil as confirmed by the physico-chemical properties and FTIR spectra analysis of the oil, epoxide and lubricant basestock. The study showed that chemical derivatives of rubber seed oils are an attractive, renewable, and ecofriendly alternative to mineral oils for lubricant formulations.
Globalización y Educación Superior
Authors: Barrera Jimenez Maira Lorena
Published: August 2020

Se presentan los principales resultados de investigación de la tesis "Influencia de la Globalización en la Educación de los Estudiantes de Pedagogía y Administración Educativa de la USAC, Sololá", se proporciona la respuesta a la pregunta de investigación ¿cómo la globalización se evidencia en la educación superior? y de proporcionar información de los tratados, ofertas y garantías vigentes que la internacionalización puede aplicar a la educación superior.La metodología es de corte descriptivo, por medio de estadística descriptiva, las técnicas que se utilizaron son las encuestas, entrevistas a grupos focales y una ficha de observación dirigida a los participantes de la muestra que consistió en la participación de 30 estudiantes, 1 docente de sección y 1 coordinador de la carrera.Con los resultados de campo obtenidos se llegó a la conclusión que el 90% de estudiantes utiliza el auto aprendizaje, por medio del uso adecuado de la tecnología, integrándola en las aulas de la universidad, para una mejor forma de aprendizaje y consideraron muy importante la comunicación, para una educación superior globalizada.
Đường ngọt: thừa cân, béo phì và đái tháo đường
Authors: Trần Bá Thoại
Published: August 2020

Sugary carbohydrates in foods are sweet-tasted carbohydrates of mono or disacchride, most commonly is saccharose (sucrose). This is a disaccharide consisting of two molecules of glucose and fructose.While glucose is completely metabolized in all body cells to produce energy, fructose is metabolized differently in the liver causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and free fatty acids in the blood …. and causing many complications.
Key words: Sugary carbohydrate, diabetes, overweight, obesity
Feasibility of Peritoneal Dialysis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Macchini Francesco , De Carli Agnese , Testa Sara , Arnoldi Rossella , Ghirardello Stefano , Ardissino Gianluigi , Mosca Fabio , Torricelli Maurizio , Leva Ernesto
Published: August 2020

Acute renal injury is common in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with a frequency ranging from 8% to 24%. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used only occasionally in ELBW. We report our experience and share the solutions used to tackle the difficulties rising from the small size of this type of patients. PD was successfully performed in three ELBW infants with acute renal failure. A neonatal, single-cuff, straight Tenckhoff catheter was placed in 2 patients, while a Broviac single cuff vascular catheter was used in another. PD was feasible and effective in all children. Leakage was observed with Tenckhoff catheters, but this didn’t impair the PD efficacy. The technical difficulties were related to the size and shape of the peritoneal catheters, not easily fitting with the very thin abdominal wall of the preterm in­fants. We conclude that PD is feasible and effective, can be considered as the rescue ther­apy in preterm ELBW infants with acute renal failure.
Acute appendicitis causing small intestinal band obstruction in a premature baby: A case report
Authors: Jan Iftikhar Ahmad , Bin Hariz Sarah , Al Zidgali Faisal , Saqi Zahid Latif , Lutf Ghazy Habeeb
Published: August 2020

Background: Bilious vomiting is a common symptom of neonatal intestinal obstruction. The etiology is mostly related to congenital anomalies and other conditions causing intestinal obstruction.
Case Presentation: We report a case of a seven days male premature baby (35 Weeks) that presented with features of intestinal obstruction including bilious vomiting and abdominal distention. X-ray abdomen showed features of complete small bowel obstruction. On laparotomy, the baby had acute appendicitis causing multiple adhesions, and an adhesion band was responsible for intestinal obstruction. Adhesions were divided, and appendectomy performed. Postoperatively the baby had an uneventful recovery and was discharged in a stable condition.
Conclusion: Neonatal appendicitis causing intestinal obstruction is a rare phenomenon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of babies presenting with bilious vomiting.
Managerial Competencies Required to Achieve Sustainable Development Projects: A Proposed Model for Managers
Authors: Hassan Afaf
Published: August 2020

This study deals with the managerial competencies of current managers that are required to achieve sustainable development projects. A comparative literature review is conducted to summarize the critical managerial competencies in general. Then, this is narrowed down to find the managerial competencies that lead to the proper accomplishment of sustainable development projects. Considering these views, the purpose of this exploration is to discover the significance of managerial competencies on the achievement of sustainable development projects. The findings indicate that communication, leadership, development orientation, achievement orientation, motivation, teamwork, innovation, and decision making are the most critical managerial competencies that can enhance the performance of managers towards achieving sustainable development projects. Thus, this article demonstrates a model inclusively for managers to link the found managerial competencies with the realization of sustainable development projects. The model is focused mainly on the specific managerial competencies that will encourage managers to perform outstanding results in recent as well as future sustainable development projects.
Collaboration of Researchers and Stakeholders: Transforming Educator Preparation
Authors: Morgan Bobbette M , Rodriquez Alma D. , Jones Irma , Telese James , Musanti Sandra
Published: August 2020

This study contributes to the literature on first year teachers by identifying complexities and struggles of becoming a teacher and the implications of district-university partnerships to strengthen our educator preparation program. The importance of partnerships with stakeholders, memorandum of agreements to share data, observations of first year teachers by university faculty, employer surveys, and the first year teacher’s perspectives about how well our university prepared them, as well as how they compare with other first year teachers nationally is addressed. Multiple sources of data were used to provide information about completers, individuals that graduated from the educator preparation program. These include state reports, national trends, and review of survey results next to universities across the United States involved in teacher preparation. Graduates of our teacher preparation program have a 93% retention rate after five years of teaching. The national average is 50% after five years.
Demographics and Clinical Presentation of Early-Stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: A Prospective, Multicenter, International Study
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Novotny Susan A. , Tis John E. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Martin Benjamin D. , Kelly Derek M. , Gilbert Shawn R. , Shah Hitesh , Joseph Benjamin , Kim Harry K. W. ,   on behalf of the International Perthes Study Group
Published: August 2020

Background:

Children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) are classically described as small, thin, high-energy children presenting with a painless limp. Epidemiologic studies have historically been retrospective and regional in nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical features of children presenting in the early stages of LCPD in an international, multicenter cohort.

Methods:

Children (6 to 10 years) in the early stages of LCPD (modified Waldenström stage I to IIa) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. Demographic and clinical data at presentation were analyzed. Body mass index percentiles were determined using country-specific growth charts for children in the United States and India, two countries with largest enrollment. Statistical analyses included t-tests and chi-square.

Results:

A total of 209 children (86% males; mean age 7.9 ± 1.2 years) from 25 centers (six countries) were included. Eight-four percent of children presented with pain with or without a limp. Average pain score at presentation was 3 ± 2 (range 0 to 9), and 63% of children (n = 105) used pain medications. Of these children 65% required medication more than once per week. Thirty percent of children missed school due to pain in the past month, and of those, 74% missed at least 1 day per week. Twenty-nine percent of children from the United States and 20% of children from India were overweight or obese. Nineteen percent reported household smoking.

Discussion:

This prospective study provides a new international multicenter representation of early LCPD. The frequency of pain and missed school highlights the substantial morbidity and potential social cost and burden for children and families. The prevalence of being overweight/obese in our LCPD cohort was comparable to rates within the pediatric cohort as a whole, and fewer children have a history of smoke exposure than in previous reports.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative study
Development of Distal Femoral Metastasis is Rare in Cases of Isolated Proximal Femoral Metastases
Authors: Boden Allison L. , Patel Manan , Hoyt Aaron , Subhawong Ty , Conway Sheila , Pretell-Mazzini Juan
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

In the setting of pathologic fractures or impending fractures of the femur, intramedullary nailing or hemiarthroplasty are the common surgical procedures indicated. Traditional teaching has stressed the importance of protecting the entire femur, and thus, it is common for these fractures to be treated with long nails or stems. Recent literature has begun to investigate whether this school of thought is valid and may challenge the perceived need for protection of the entire femur. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of ipsilateral distal femoral metastases after the treatment of proximal femoral metastases.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed that identified 66 patients who presented with completed or impending pathologic fractures of the proximal femur who then underwent either intramedullary nailing or hemiarthroplasty for surgical stabilization. Plain radiographs, in conjunction with CT, MRI, or positron emission tomography-CT when available, were used to determine whether there was disease progression and/or distal metastasis in the femur.

Results:

There was one patient (1.5%) in this series who developed distal femoral metastasis after hemiarthroplasty from metastatic breast carcinoma. There were three patients (4.54%) with local progression of the disease. No patient required further intervention, and there were no cases of hardware failure or periprosthetic fracture after prophylactic fixation.

Discussion:

Our findings show that there is an extremely low likelihood of developing distal femoral metastases when isolated proximal femoral metastases are present and thus protecting the entire femur may not be necessary in this clinical scenario.

Level of Evidence:

IV, therapeutic study.
The Degree of Applying of Standards of Total Quality Management in Jordanian Universities in the Light of the International Standards
Authors: Sulieman Al-Adwan Majd Fayez
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to know the degree of applying standards of total quality management in the Jordanian universities in the light of the international standards. The study population included all the heads of academic departments in the Jordanian universities for the academic year (2015/ 2016). The study sample has been chosen from the study population b using the stratified random method. To achieve the objectives study, the researcher developed the study tool that comprised the following domains: (vision, mission, objectives, operations management, continuous improvement, beneficiaries' satisfaction, evaluation), both the validity and reliability of the tool were verified. The researcher distributed the tool over the sample of the study and carried out the relative statistical processing. The results showed that the degree of applying the standards of total quality management in the Jordanian universities is medium, also it showed that there are no statistically significant differences at the (0.05= α) level attributed to (the gender, the specialization, and the years of experience). While as there are differences attributed to region variable, in favor the southern region. According to the results, the researcher recommended to hold training courses and field workshops in order to activate the standards of total quality management.
Extent of Commitment of Maritime Companies in Lebanon to Implementing the IAS 16
Authors: Shakaroun Rani , El-Mousawi Hasan , Younis Joumana
Published: August 2020

The study examined the extent of commitment of maritime companies in Lebanon to implementing the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 16. It aimed at recognizing the extent to which maritime firms in Lebanon apply the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 16 by explaining the financial statements and their features and constituents. A five-point Likert style questionnaire was constructed as a study tool to collect information from the sample that consisted of 70 people who were accountants at maritime companies in Lebanon in addition to auditors of these companies. From the 70 questionnaires distributed, 63 were retrieved. The research concluded that maritime companies in Lebanon apply the IAS 16 in the income statement and the statement of financial position. The researchers recommended that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) should set up a clear and coordinated approach to deal with the issue of the periodic maintenance for ships, especially that the IAS 16 did not specify a preferred approach to settle this issue; rather, the IASB left it for the companies to choose the most convenient approach. They also recommended increasing disclosure of Lebanese maritime companies using the procedures followed in determining, depreciating and itemizing fixed assets in the financial statements.
Non-retroactivity in Prosecuting Crimes against Humanity and International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh
Authors: Billah Maruf
Published: August 2020

The International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh (ICTB) was set up by Bangladesh through the adaptation of the International Crimes Tribunal Act 1973, as an internal mechanism trying to prosecute and punish Bangladeshi perpetrators who committed international crimes in Bangladesh liberation war in 1971. After a long disappearance from the public eye, the Tribunal was reemerged in 2010. The recent cases decided by the Tribunal have revealed that the international crimes; namely, crimes against humanity, were allegedly committed in 1971, while the relevant Statute was enacted in 1973, and was implemented in 2010. Recently, the ICTB is prosecuting crimes against humanity retroactively, which might have violated the prohibition of penalizing certain conducts committed by the perpetrators before the enforcement of such conduct as a law banning such demeanor as an offense. Therefore, this study firstly analyzes the rule against retroactivity in international criminal law. Secondly, it investigates the justification of the retroactive criminalization of crimes against humanity at the first International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, and its crystallization into the regional and international legal instruments. Thirdly, the study examines the characteristics of crimes against humanity as an international crime, to scrutinize whether the ICTB needs to fulfill such requirements either in 1971 or 2010. Then, it illustrates various judgments of the ICTB, demonstrating that it does not comply with the rule prescribed by international laws either in 1971 or 2010, in prosecuting crimes against humanity retroactively. Lastly, the study concludes by forwarding ways necessary to the ICTB in retroactive prosecution of international offenses.