bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLICATIVO PARA AUXILIAR A PRÁTICA DOCENTE NO ENSINO DE PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR DE DUAS VARIÁVEIS
Authors: Comelli Caio Francisco , Sprovieri Paulo Franciisco
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo pretende destacar a importância do papel das representações semióticas gráficas no ensino de um algoritmo determinístico, puramente lógico e algébrico, para a resolução de problemas de programação linear de duas variáveis. Para facilitação da prática docente foi construído um software aplicativo que cria, a partir de um problema de programação linear, PPL, fornecido pelo usuário, uma tela contendo três representações semióticas gráficas que buscam oferecer a compreensão do algoritmo determinístico e, ao mesmo tempo, comparar com a resolução gráfica previamente estudada. Com isso, cria-se uma oportunidade para que os alunos possam desenvolver programas de computador para a resolução de problemas de programação linear de duas variáveis sem a necessidade de conhecer bibliotecas gráficas oferecidas pelo ambiente de programação utilizado, o que permite o desenvolvimento de programas que implementem algoritmos de otimização mesmo por alunos com pouca experiência na prática de programação de computadores. Serão apresentadas algumas vantagens na utilização do aplicativo proposto por parte do professor responsável por apresentar tais conteúdos em disciplinas oferecidas em cursos na área de tecnologia de informação, cursos na área de produção e cursos na área de administração.
LIDERANÇA FEMININA NAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Francisco Ingrid Andressa , Ricci Luisa , Rodrigues Lilian Segnini
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar aspectos da liderança feminina no mercado de trabalho, como os desafios e as barreiras que elas enfrentam e as suas percepções em relação às desigualdades em comparação com os homens. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com três mulheres que ocupam cargos de lideranças em empresas distintas. Os resultados demonstram que as mulheres ainda convivem com diversos desafios e barreiras no ambiente de trabalho, especialmente quando ocupam cargos de liderança, no entanto, pode-se afirmar que elas conseguem lidar com esses desafios e barreiras a partir do momento que ocupam esses cargos. Tabulados e sintetizados os resultados, chega-se à conclusão que ainda têm que lidar com o teto de vidro que muitas vezes não as deixam ocupar cargos de liderança, mas, quando conseguem ocupar esses cargos, cumprem bem esse papel.
Drug Resistance and Cardiovascular Safety of Second-Generation Anti-Androgens in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shahabi Raberi Venus , Shariati Akram , Abbasnezhad Mohsen , Aslanabadi Naser , Abbasnezhad Amirreza , Bahmani Amir
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer is recognized as one of the most common cancers affecting the male population. The prostate is revealed to be a hormone-dependent tissue as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone could bind to the androgen receptor, activate it, and initiate the nuclear translocation of this receptor which is followed by subsequent signaling cascades. Regarding this androgen dependency of the prostate, it is believed that androgen deprivation therapies are able to confront aggressive prostate cancer as first-line treatment. However, prostate cancer could overcome hormone deprivation strategies through a number of cellular mechanisms, such as intratumoral androgen production and the production of ligand-independent androgen receptor splice variants, which are known clinically as castration-resistant prostate cancer. Due to the limited efficacy of first-generation antiandrogens in complete blockage of androgen receptor activity, recently, four second-generation anti-androgens, including abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and considered standard of care for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Nevertheless, prostate cancer cells may acquire drug-resistance mechanisms to overcome these novel chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, potential adverse effects on nontargeted organs such as the cardiovascular system, are possible. Hence, the current study aimed to review the efficacy and cardio-safety of these novel therapeutical strategies.
Responsible Innovation and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Riaz Adil , Ali Fouzia Hadi
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the impact of Shared Vision (SV) on Responsible Innovation (RI) and Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Moreover, the level of education is used as a moderator between SV and RI. RI is the process of taking into account the potential ethical, social, and environmental impacts of new technologies and innovations and making sure they are developed and used in a way that is beneficial to society. This can include considering how new products and services will affect different groups of people, and taking steps to mitigate any negative impacts they may have. It also involves engaging with stakeholders and considering their perspectives in the innovation process. SEM technique was used, and data were collected from 1018 respondents from the manufacturing sector. The results explain that SV is significantly related to RI, and RI determines SCA. Furthermore, the level of education moderates the relationship between SV and RI. Moreover, this study provides the general public and various policyholders with an overview of the various levels to which manufacturing SMEs are embracing RI.
Impact of Customer Relationship Management, Technological Turbulence, and Customer-Centric Management on Financial Performance
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Asad , Abid Suhail , Rana Muhammad Waqas
Published: January 2023

CRM improves competitiveness. To adopt CRM, you must know client wants and trends. Technological Turbulence plays a vital role in the adoption of CRM. The research examines how internal/external information integration and supply chain performance affect corporate finances. Primary data was collected from the service sectors in Lahore. Questionnaires were spread around 150 and collected 121 valid responses. The demographic analysis was performed on SPSS. Regression and correlation analysis were performed on Smart-PLS (3.0). From B2C perspective, CRM adoption has a significant positive impact on organizations performance in the service industry. CRM adaptation is primarily focused and should be discussed within the organisation for a more effective approach. Thus, technological turbulence and internal/external information integration have a bad impact on the financial performance of a company. The results show that IEII doesn’t have an influence on financial performance. This study is valuable for the industry, such as banks or other business-to-customer (B2C) firms.
Investigating Factors Towards Adoption of Mobile Wallet Payment Services
Authors: Mahboob Faraz , Talpur Arifa Bano , Khaskhely Mahvish Kanwal
Published: January 2023

The goal of this study is to look at the effect of "perceived ease of use" (PEOU), "perceived usefulness" (PU), "perceived service cost" (PSC), "perceived credibility" (PC) and "customers' satisfaction" (CS) on consumers' intention to adopt mobile wallet payment services. "Customer satisfaction" (CS) was the mediator between PEOU, PU and IU. The study model is based on the model of "technology acceptance model" (TAM). The study involves 300 respondents and the data was obtained via an online questionnaire. - Convenient sampling method. Smart PLS (partial least squares) regression using the "structural equation" technique has been applied to review and analyze the data. The data analysis findings are supported with several previously published hypotheses. All independent variables influence the dependent variable IU, indirect effect of PU is positive and significant to IU, further it was found from analysis that the PEOU has not significant effect to the mediator CS and the IU indirectly.
Collaboration Trend and its Impact on the Research Productivity in Computer Science Research
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Arshad Alia
Published: January 2023

Apart from a few bibliometric studies of limited scope, the Pakistani scientific system is a scantly researched area requiring large-scale empirical evidence-based studies. This study aims to explore various features of collaboration in research and its impact on the performance of computer scientists in Pakistan. Over 15,494 SCOPUS-indexed publications in the area of computer science for the period 1997 to 2017, having at least one Pakistani author, were analyzed. The findings of the study disclosed the important role of collaboration in the citation count of the publications. International collaborative works and the more countries in collaboration significantly impacted the number of citations. The study's findings revealed that collaborative publications are more frequently cited and considered of high quality. This study is the first large-scale quantitative analysis of research collaboration, represented by co-authorship in computer science research in Pakistan.
Sjećanja na prof. dr. sc. Josipa Kolanovića, djelatnika i ravnatelja Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva
Authors: Jelinčić Jakov
Published: January 2023

Članak koji je nastao iz predavanja održanoga u Velikoj dvorani Državnoga arhiva u Pazinu prigodom Međunarodnog dana arhiva (9. lipnja 2022.), posvećen je preminulom povjesničaru i arhivistu dr. sc. Josipu Kolanoviću (Zadar, 6. ožujka 1938. – Zadar, 7. svibnja 2020.). Autor je članak podijelio u tri cjeline. U prvoj su opisani život i djelo pokojnoga prof. dr. sc. J. Kolanovića, a potom slijede dvije u kojima su objavljenja sjećanja na njega. Autor, dakle, donosi sjećanja niza arhivista i povjesničara (Zvonimira Baričevića, Joze Ivanovića, Silvije Babić, Miljenka Pandžića, Tatjane Mušnjak, Ornate Tadin, Tajane Ujčić, Ante Gverića, Ivice Mataije, Marine Grgičević, Vide Pavliček, Nataše Bajić Žarko i Nevena Budaka), a potom i svoja osobna sjećanja o susretima, suradnji u profesionalnom radu te prijateljskim, a ne samo kolegijalnim odnosima s pok. Josipom Kolanovićem.
Pomoc społeczna w starzejącym się społeczeństwie
Authors: Ziębińska Beata
Published: January 2023

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, że starzenie się społeczeństwa polskiego stanowi proces coraz bardziej intensywny, a grupa ludzi starszych – charakteryzująca się silną feminizacją, singularyzacją oraz narastającą subpopulacją osób najstarszych – wymaga większego wsparcia w ramach pomocy społecznej, m.in. ze względu na wzrost odsetka osób korzystających ze świadczeń z powodu niepełnosprawności i długotrwałej choroby. Prezentowane analizy powstały na bazie monografii i artykułów naukowych, dokumentów Ministerstwa Rodziny i Polityki Społecznej oraz raportów i sprawozdań Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego zawierających dane liczbowe o pomocy społecznej oraz obrazujących krajowe przemiany demograficzne. Ustalenia badawcze prowadzą do wniosku, że na realizację i formy udzielanego wsparcia wpływają propagowane w polityce społecznej paradygmaty wielosektorowości i deinstytucjonalizacji.
Supremacja kozła ofiarnego w pracy socjalnej. Interpretacja roli ofiary w świetle antropologii René Girarda
Authors: Adamczyk Tomasz
Published: January 2023

Artykuł przedstawia zjawisko supremacji kozła ofiarnego w świetle antropologii René Girarda. Francuski uczony opisywał mechanizmy radzenia sobie z kryzysami i mechanizmy kanalizujące przemoc w społeczeństwach pierwotnych. Jego koncepcja pozwala – w pewnym zakresie – na zrozumienie współczesnych zachowań jednostokowych i społecznych obejmujących działania przemocowe oraz proces kreowania kozłów ofiarnych. Część teoretyczną prowadzonych analiz dopełniają wnioski wypływające z doświadczeń praktyków, m.in. pracowników socjalnych, psychologów i terapeutów. Na ich podstawie opisano i zdefiniowano zjawisko supremacji kozłów ofiarnych, czyli odgrywania specyficznych ról związanych z czerpaniem korzyści materialnych i pozamaterialnych z sytuacji bycia ofiarą.
Description of Levels of Lead (Pb) in Hair of Motorcycle Workshop Workers (Mechanical) in Padang City
Authors: Marisa Marisa , Susilawati Suci
Published: January 2023

Human hair can absorb elements that enter the body through food/digestion, respiration and skin. The presence and concentration of an element in the hair can reflect the state/health status in which a person lives and works. The sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in hair are able to bind trace elements that enter the body and then are bound in the hair.  This study aims to determine the levels of Lead (Pb) in the hair of motorcycle workshop workers (mechanics) in the city of Padang.  The type of research used in this study is a descriptive survey, which is to describe the levels of Lead (Pb) in the hair of motorcycle mechanical in Padang City. Laboratory examination using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method to determine quantitatively lead (Pb) levels using are 10 samples. Based on result show that there are 8 respondents who were positively exposed to lead (Pb) but still in normal levels. And the highest lead (Pb) value was in hair sample 6, which was 0.9404 mg/kg. The benefits of this research are input and information about the dangers of lead pollution which can harm health.
Analysis of the Behavior of Breastfeeding Mothers in Providing Exclusive Breastfeeding during the Covid 19 Pandemic in Surabaya (mix method)
Authors: Masruroh Nur , Rizki Lailatul Khusnul , Ashari Nadia Ayu , Irma Irma , Laili Dzikriatul
Published: January 2023

The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding include increasing the baby's immune system, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior and self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in providing exclusive breastfeeding. The research method used is a mix method with a concurrent embedded strategy. The first stage is carried out with a quantitative method to determine the behavior and self-efficacy of breastfeeding mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The second stage is a qualitative method to determine the supporting factors, barriers to breastfeeding practices during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The population and samples in this study were breastfeeding mothers, midwives and breast milk counselors who were taken purposively as samples. The results of the study on knowledge that the p value of 0.001 (0.05) means that knowledge affects the behavior of mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. On the attitude of the analysis results obtained p value of 0.005 (0.05) which means that attitudes affect the behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. Then from the breastfeeding pattern, the results of the p value analysis were 0.001 (0.05), which means that the breastfeeding pattern affects the mother's behavior in giving exclusive breastfeeding. At the qualitative stage, it was found that the supporting factors for exclusive breastfeeding include the support of family and health workers, high knowledge and ease of accessing information. While the inhibiting factors are wrong perceptions about breastfeeding, there is no intention and inappropriate cultural practices about breastfeeding.
Topical Application of Olive Oil and Aloe Vera Gel on Pregnant Women's Striae Gravidarum
Authors: Intanwati Intanwati , Wulandari Dyah Ayu , Gurnita Fauziah Winda
Published: January 2023

One of the physical changes that often occur in 50-90% of pregnant women is the appearance of striae gravidarum. Striae gravidarum is caused by stretching of the skin during pregnancy.  The impact is a decrease in confidence, itchy, hot, and dry sensations, and cause emotional distress that can interfere with pregnancy. Olive oil and Aloe vera gel are good natural ingredients for skincare. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of the topical application of Olive oil and Aloe vera gel against the incidence of pregnant women’s striae gravidarum in the Working Area of Puskesmas Kedungmundu 2020. This research was a quantitative study with a quasi-experiment control group design with pretest-posttest. Sampling techniques use purposive sampling. The results of bivariate olive oil analysis with the Wilcoxon test showed P-value (0.647 α 0.05), so there was no effect of topical application of olive oil on the incidence of striae gravidarum.  The results of bivariate analysis of Aloe vera gel with Wilcoxon test showed a P-value (0.642 α 0.05), so there was no effect of topical application of Aloe vera gel on the incidence of striae gravidarum. Based on the Independent Test T-Test the difference between the two groups pre-post obtained P-value (1 α 0.05), then there was no difference in the effectiveness of the topical application of olive oil and aloe vera gel to the incidence of striae gravidarum in pregnant women in The Region of Puskesmas Kedungmundu 2020.
The Effect of Assessment Mean Arterial Pressure and Body Mass Index as an Early Detection of Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Lushinta Lidia , Patty Fara Imelda Theresia , Virawati Dini Indo , Anggraini Eliza
Published: January 2023

Pre-eclampsia or hypertension in pregnancy is a disease that can be detected early so that prevention can be done so that complications do not occur. One way to detect the presence of eclampsia is to carry out early detection using measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure of pregnant women on a regular basis. Examination of mean arterial pressure in pregnant women with age in the first trimester as a strong predictor in cases of hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. To determine the effect of the assessment of body mass index and mean arterial pressure as early detection of hypertension in pregnancy in the work area of the Trauma Center Health Center, Samarinda City. The method in this study combines two cross-sectional and prospective cohort time approaches. Sampling technique with Accidental Sampling as many as 50 people. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of MAP and BMI assessment with the incidence of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia with a value (p-value = 0.000 = 0.05). There is an effect of the assessment of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Body Mass Index with the incidence of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in the work area of the Trauma Center Health Center in Samarinda City.
Estrategia de retiro de instrumentos fracturados en la práctica endodóntica: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Quispe Ramos Dania , Sacoto Figueroa Fernanda , Pacheco Ramírez Luis Armando , Claure Venegas Denisse
Published: January 2023

La separación de instrumentos durante el tratamiento endodóntico dificulta los procedimientos de limpieza quimicomecánica,la correcta conformación y obturación hermética del sistema de conductos radiculares. En consecuencia, el avance tecnológicoha hecho posible contar con sistemas de retiro de instrumentos separados, incluidos dispositivos ultrasónicos y otros sistemasespeciales de extracción, además del microscopio quirúrgico dental que minimizan los tiempos procedimentales y el desgasteexcesivo de dentina del conducto radicular. El objetivo de la presente revisión narrativa fue analizar y comparar las estrategiasrespecto al tipo de resolución clínica en la separación de instrumentos, brindando a los clínicos evidencia e información clararespecto a la estrategia más adecuada de tal manera que los resultados sean predecibles durante el procedimiento. Se realizó labúsqueda de información en bases de datos: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Scopus y Google Académico; fueron seleccionados 30artículos después de una evaluación según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, abarcando estudios experimentales in vitro,ensayos clínicos y reportes de casos. Se evidenció resultados con una variación en la tasa de éxito de retiro entre el 47% y el100% en relación con las técnicas utilizadas, factores anatómicos del conducto radicular, el tipo y ubicación del fragmentoseparado en el interior del conducto. Se concluyó que, la incorporación de sistemas de extracción conservadores de tejidodentario, tiempos menores de resolución y el uso de magnificación fueron las variables más importantes, sin embargo, algunosde estos sistemas están asociados a complicaciones por lo que se debe evaluar su uso
Uso de láser de diodo 940 nm como complemento del tratamiento endodóntico.
Authors: Fernández-Alemán Jesús Eduardo , Chaintiou-Piorno Romina , Casadoumecq  Ana Clara , Rodríguez Pablo Alejandro
Published: January 2023

La contaminación bacteriana del sistema de conductos radiculares en las piezas dentarias es el factor principal de lesiones pulpares y perirradiculares. El éxito del tratamiento endodóntico está basado en una serie de factores entre los que se incluyen un correcto diagnóstico, la planificación del tratamiento, el conocimiento de la anatomía, la preparación químico-mecánica, la medicación intraconducto si el caso lo requiere, la obturación y el correcto sellado coronario; para lograr que el mismo se mantenga a corto y largo plazo.

Con los avances tecnológicos y la evidencia científica se implementó el uso de láser en la terapia endodóntica. Uno de los láseres más utilizados y estudiado es el de diodo 940 nm, con la finalidad de descontaminar el sistema de conductos.

El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer cómo trabaja la energía del láser de diodo de 940 nm, como interacciona con los tejidos, y la desinfección del sistema de conductos  radiculares.
Corrección de la clase III mediante protracción maxilar y rotación del plano oclusal
Authors: Rios Gabriela , Rojas Manrique Ramiro
Published: January 2023

El síndrome de maloclusión de Clase III de Angle es una alteración severa y se considera como una posición más adelantada del cuerpo mandibular en relación a la base ósea maxilar, ya sea por una deficiencia o retrusión maxilar o por un prognatismo o macrognatismo mandibular. La etiología de esta alteración se debe a factores hereditarios y ambientales. Se presenta el caso clínico que se trató a un paciente que cursa la primera década de vida, con la finalidad de corregir su mordida. Para el tratamiento se planteó realizar protracción maxilar mediante el uso de una férula tipo Mc Namara cementada en el maxilar superior, una máscara facial de Pettit y finalmente se realizó la rotación del plano oclusal por medio del desgaste oclusal de la férula, para permitir la erupción de los molares inferiores, logrando finalmente corregir el resalte y el sobrepase vertical, modificar el perfil antero-posterior y la orientación del plano oclusal.
Propozycja nowelizacji art. 18 Kodeksu karnego
Authors: Pohl Łukasz
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a proposal to amend Art. 18 of the Criminal Code by adding a provision which would determine that organising or directing the commission of an offence are both non-accessory in character. These proposals find their theoretical basis in normological analyses within the derivational paradigm of statutory interpretation. These analyses reveal in particular that each form of co-perpetration is based on a dedicated, exclusive norm relating to the sanction, whose normative scope covers only the behaviour of that single type. An important factor in support of this approach is the principle of liability only for what a person has done, that is, independently of the effectiveness of the perpetrator’s act.
sistema económico internacional entre 1977 y 2022: la visión de Francesc Granell
Authors: Estudios y Evaluación de Instrumentos de Política Comercial Subdirección General de
Published: January 2023

La economía mundial ha superado, desde el año 1977, etapas muy diversas determinadas por eventos económicos y políticos muy variados. Ha conocido shocks energéticos, reconstrucciones del sistema monetario, fases de crecimiento y de crisis, los avances en la construcción de la Unión Europea. la caída de las economías centralizadas, el auge de las economías emergentes del Sudeste Asiático, el triunfo del multilateralismo comercial; la apertura de China al mundo y su posicionamiento entre las grandes potencias económicas; la Gran Recesión, la vuelta a los regionalismos y bilateralismos, el Brexit, pandemias y guerras, y nuevas preocupaciones, como la gestión de los bienes públicos globales.
El profesor Francesc Granell, a través de las páginas de esta revista, nos proporcionó su visión, la de un testigo privilegiado, sobre todos estos acontecimientos. Escribió un total de 45 artículos, de periodicidad anual, dedicados a estudiar la evolución del sistema económico internacional entre 1977 y 2021.
Como homenaje, y desde el agradecimiento por su extensa colaboración con la familia de revistas ICE, el equipo de redacción del Boletín Económico de Información Comercial Española ha elaborado este artículo en el que se sintetizan los análisis del profesor Granell para el período 1977-2021 y se destacan algunos de los eventos más notables de 2022.
Últimos desarrollos en economía internacional: resumen de los principales aspectos tratados en el «Workshop in International Economics 2022»
Authors: Poyo-Guerrero Rodríguez (coordinador) Julio Manuel , Agúndez (coordinadora) Carmen
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es acercar al lector los últimos desarrollos académicos en el campo de la economía internacional, a través de un resumen de los mensajes más destacados del Workshop in International Economics 2022. Se presentaron diez ponencias de investigadores de primer nivel sobre cuestiones tan diversas como impacto de la COVID-19 en la formación de expectativas, ruptura de las cadenas de suministro e inflación, reenfoque de la globalización, economía del desarrollo, política urbanística, correlación entre avances tecnológicos y bienestar, percepción de la política fiscal por parte de los individuos, efectos desbordamiento del conocimiento, paternalismo del Estado o índices de complejidad económica. Las ponencias y el diálogo con los asistentes han permitido constatar como elementos comunes principales las posibilidades que el big data abre para todos los subcampos de análisis y la dificultad añadida en la formación de expectativas y en la toma de decisiones en el complejo contexto geopolítico actual.
Chemical Constituents from Macaranga lowii King ex Hook.f. (Euphorbiaceae) and Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity
Authors: KAMAROZAMAN AISYAH SALIHAH
Published: January 2023

The genus Macaranga comprises about 300 species worldwide and is commonly distributed in the tropical region of Africa, Southeast Asia, China and India. The plant of this genus was reported to possess various medicinal properties which have been traditionally used to treat various illnesses such as fungal infection, malaria, stomachache, and diarrhoea. This genus also contains many phenolic compounds, particularly prenylated flavonoids and stilbenoids, followed by terpenoids and tannins. The phytochemical study on the crude acetone extract from the stem bark of Macaranga lowii was carried out to isolate chemical constituents using several chromatographic techniques and characterise the structure of the isolated compounds using various spectroscopic methods. The powdered stem bark of M. lowii (2.05 kg) was macerated in acetone for 24 hours at room temperature and repeated three times. The crude extract (38.8 g) was dissolved in methanol (200 mL) and fractionated with diethyl ether to reduce tannin and yield a crude extract with less tannin (10.9 g). The crude extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) to give nine semi-purified fractions (ML1-9). Fractionation and purification of fraction ML2 (448 mg) yielded compound 1 (6.2 mg) and 3 (0.3 mg). Fraction ML7 (220 mg) was subjected to radial chromatography (RC) to give a pure compound 2 (2.1 mg). The compounds were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Infrared (IR) and Mass spectrometry (MS), as well as comparison with the previous literature. Two phenolic compounds namely pentadecyl ferulate (1) and scopoletin (2) together with a sterol known as stigmasterol (3) were purified successfully from the stem bark of M. lowii. Scopoletin (2) exhibited moderate activity against DPPH radical scavenging with the IC50 value of 34.82 mM.
Neural Network Model in Forecasting Malaysia’s Unemployment Rates
Authors: WAN HUSIN WAN ZAKIYATUSSARIROH , Abdullah Noor Syameera ‘Aina , Young Rockie Nurul Anies Suraya , Mohd Sabri Siti Sarah
Published: January 2023

Neural networks (NN) have been widely applied in time series forecasting. This study aims to develop basic NN models for forecasting the unemployment rate in Malaysia by gender. The yearly unemployment rate of thirty-eight years from the year 1982 to 2019 was obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. In addition, datasets of gross domestic product, inflation and population rates extracted from the World Bank Data website were used as input variables in developing the NN models. Several NN models with different number of hidden nodes were developed and evaluated. Results showed that the best model for the male population was the NN model with four hidden nodes in one hidden layer whereas the NN model with two hidden nodes in one hidden layer was the best for the female population. Additionally, it can be concluded that the trend for the future unemployment rate in Malaysia for male and female population in the next ten years will be gradually constant throughout the year starting from 2020 to 2030.
Severity Impact of a Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) – Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Road Tanker Accident
Authors: Rashid Zulkifli Abdul
Published: January 2023

An explosion accident from a road tanker while carrying hazardous materials can have a dangerous effect on road users and the surrounding area through which the road tanker passes. Based on the evidence of the accident case involving the road tanker reported, it shows that this accident case can cause death and destruction to the surrounding property. In Malaysia, several cases of accidents involving road tankers have also occurred. Among the methods used to determine the impact of a road tanker explosion is the use of the consequences analysis method. Currently, there is limited number of software that can be used to determine the impact of a road tanker explosion accident that carries explosive chemicals such as butadiene, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), etc. However, there are weaknesses in the display of the impact results plotted on the map. Where the impact of the explosion is only shown to the 3 main zones, namely building damage, serious injury, and glass breakage. In this paper, the enhanced contour profile method on the impact of an LPG road tanker explosion on human and structural damage is shown.
COST OF GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENCY, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND JUDICIARY EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunsola Adebowale
Published: January 2023

It is expected that increase in cost of governance by government should bring about a commensurate increase in the level of economic development of a country, but this seems not to be the case in Nigeria. It is on this premise that the study investigated how cost of governance is related to economic development in Nigeria. The focus of the study is on how presidency expenditure, national assembly expenditure and federal judiciary expenditure are related to economic development (unemployment rate, gross domestic product per capita and inflation rate). The study used time series methodology and it covered a period of five years (2016-2020). The data for the study were obtained from Central bank of Nigeria Website and analyzed using inferential statistics. Findings from regression analysis showed that presidency expenditure and national assembly expenditure have negligible and insignificant relationship with unemployment rate. It was also found that judiciary expenditure is insignificantly and negatively related to unemployment rate. Moreover, results revealed that presidency expenditure and national assembly expenditure are negatively related to gross domestic product per capital, whereas there is a positive relationship between judiciary expenditure and gross domestics product per capital, although these relationships are significant. Besides, results showed that presidency expenditure is positively and significantly related to inflation rate. It was also found that there is insignificant positive relationship between national assembly expenditure and inflation rate. However, the study found that the relationship between judiciary expenditure and inflation rate is positive and significant. The study concludes that increase in presidency expenditure and national assembly expenditure tends to worsen economic development, while increase in judiciary expenditure may improve economic development in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that government should reduce budget allocations to presidency and national assembly, while there should be increase in budget allocation to the judiciary to improve economic development.
THE IMPACT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING ON TAX PAYER ATTITUDE AND COMPLIANCE TOWARDS TAX EVASION WITHIN SMES IN THE NORTH EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Haruna Haruna Tijjani , Ibrahim Abdulrazaq Suleiman , Yusuf Abubakar Usman , Ardo Abu Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Income tax has contributed to a considerable amount of Nigeria's revenue generation, despite the fact that it is fraught with difficulties in both collection and execution. This study examines the impact of forensic accounting on tax payer attitude and compliance towards tax evasion within SMEs in the north east Nigeria. The study is cross-sectional, with data collected using simple random sampling. With the help of Smart PLS 3, partial least square structural equation modelling PLS-SEM on 102 responses was utilized to evaluate the data. The findings revealed that a forensic accounting check is required to address the issue of tax evasion in Nigeria to ensure a good attitude and compliance. Forensic Accounting (FA) improves Tax payers Attitude (TA) and Tax Compliance (TC) when they interact. Hence, when a taxpayer develops a positive attitude and comply with the tax laws, they are more likely to have a good financial record and the state would have better control over the tax evasion scale. In other words, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Northeast are more inclined to tax commitment if they are checked, and if the government use their contributions toward improving their standard of living, this will develop a positive attitude toward the behaviour of taxpayers in the region. Therefore, the government should provide awareness on the uses of tax revenue through sustainable enterprise support, infrastructure, and social welfare.
KEBIJAKSANAAN DAN STRATEGI KEUSAHAWANAN ISLAM PASCA COVID-19
Authors: Abdullah Syahrina , Hj. Rofie Mohamad Khadafi
Published: January 2023

Pandemik Covid-19 yang melanda pada awal tahun 2020 telah memberi impak besar kepada majoriti usahawan di Malaysia. Situasi pandemik yang berlarutan sejak tahun 2020 ini telah mencetuskan kelembapan ekonomi negara terutama kepada peniaga dan usahawan mikro, kecil dan sederhana. Pendekatan strategik dan dinamik yang ditekankan dalam agama Islam dilihat dapat memberi penyelesaian kepada individu dan usahawan yang berhadapan dengan kemelut ekonomi ketika dan pasca pandemik Covid-19. Kajian konseptual digunakan bagi mengenal pasti konsep kebijaksanaan strategi tokoh Islam iaitu dari sudut prinsip, etika, pengetahuan dan spiritual bagi menyelesaikan permasalahan pengurusan perniagaan dalam mendepani isu pandemik Covid-19. Kaedah dokumentasi digunakan untuk mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan kebijaksanaan strategi tokoh Islam dengan merujuk kepada Al-Quran, Hadis dan sejarah Islam sebagai sumber autentik dalam membina konsep ini. Strategi yang dibentuk ini mengutarakan kebijaksanaan tindakan usahawan Islam berteraskan panduan Illahi melalui prinsip, etika, pengetahuan dan spiritual. Kesimpulannya, konsep strategi yang diketengahkan dalam kajian ini wajar diikuti oleh para usahawan Muslim masa kini untuk menempa kejayaan berteraskan perspektif Islam dalam menguruskan diri, organisasi serta perniagaan.
CREATING AIR TEMPERATURE MODELS FOR HIGH- ELEVATION DESERT AREAS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Forooshani Massoud , Gegov Alexander , Pepin Nick , Adda Mo
Published: January 2023

The standard way to measure the air temperature (Ta) as the key variable in climate change studies is at 2m height above the surface at a fixed location (weather station). In contrast, the surface temperature (Ts) can be measured by satellites over large areas. Estimation of Ta from Ts is one potential way of overcoming shortages due to uneven or irregular distributions of weather stations. However, whether this is successful has not been assessed in high-elevation regions. This is particularly important in high-elevation regions. In this study, we estimate Ta in the high-elevation desert zone of Kilimanjaro (>4500m) using four models (five models including the benchmark model) with unique sets of inputs using five machine learning (ML) algorithms. Note that different combinations of Ta and Ts were tested as inputs to evaluate the potential of Ts as a proxy for Ta. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for each model was compared with a benchmark model and ranked according to their RMSE. Similarly, models and algorithms were ranked in terms of reliability and consistency. Correspondingly, results were compared with the benchmark model. Three models out of four outperformed the benchmark model in the consistency ranking, while two out of four models outperformed the benchmark model in the reliability ranking. Therefore, ML algorithms are efficient tools for estimating Ta from Ts in this high-elevation desert environment. However, models using Ts only as inputs were not as accurate as models that used Ta from an earlier time period as one of the inputs. This highlights the amount of de-coupling between Ta and TS at high elevations, which provides a challenge for using Ts alone as a proxy for Ta in this zone.
TEXT STEGANOGRAPHY USING THE SECOND QUOTIENT REMAINDER THEOREM AND DARK COLOUR SCHEMES
Authors: Osman Baharudin , Yahya Noor Izzah , Mohd Zaini Khuzairi , Abdullah Azizol
Published: January 2023

Data communication over the Internet has increased significantly, resulting in high data traffic and concerns over data security. Information sent over the Internet always gets the attention of intruders, which causes the effort to increase the security of sensitive data and the need to prevent leakage. Steganography is one of the techniques to protect the confidentiality of data that can be accomplished by hiding secret information within the medium of text, images, audio, and video. Hiding a secret message using text steganography can be done on character properties such as size, colour, style, etc. Colour- based steganography has always raised suspicions about the generated stego text, which is a major issue in this study. Therefore, the Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) colour technique and the Second Quotient Remainder Theorem (SQRT) were introduced in this study to perform the hiding process. RGB (0,0,0) to RGB (15,15,15) colours were used for the hiding process to avoid colour suspicion. In addition, the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) was also used to generate dynamic hidden messages with Homophonic table generation. The results showed that the secret message can be represented dynamically and has increased the hiding capacity to 77.4%. Other than that, the selected colour has successfully avoided the suspicion of the generated stego text. Hence, the results suggested that SQRT could be employed as a method in text steganography for securing information.
Qualification of Oil-spill Treatment Products: Protocol for efficacy testing
Authors: Suehring Roxana , Smith Andy , Emerson Heather
Published: January 2023

[Introduction]: "Oil spills from offshore oil and gas production as well as ship traffic can have disastrous effects on the marine environment (Pezeshki et al., 2000, Helle et al., 2016). Hazardous short-term effects include toxic effects from the oil itself, reduction of light in the water column and therefore reduction of primary production from algae, as well as choking of local fauna such as marine mammals (Albers, 2003, NRC 2003, Penela-Arenaz et al., 2009). 

The use of dispersants can help in the mitigation of these acute effects by dispersing the oil through the water column, thereby breaking oil layers that have formed on the surface of the water close to the spill side (Brakstad et al., 2015). This effect can potentially increase the biodegradation rate of the spilled oil, reduces the risk of animals choking on the oil or starving due to low primary production (Hazen et al., 2010, Silva et al., 2015).  

However, dispersants can be hazardous to the environment if they themselves have harmful 

ecotoxicological properties (Rahsepar et al., 2016). Furthermore, dispersants do not reduce the amount of oil entering the environment and can add to the toxic effects of the spill underwater since dispersants and dispersed oil under the surface can still be hazardous for marine life (Rahsepar et al., 2016). 

In the UK, the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (Great Britain- Parliament, 2009) requires any substance to be licensed before it can be discharged into UK waters. Therefore, no dispersant can be used in the UK unless it has been approved by the appropriate UK authority, the Secretary of State for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the Scottish Executive, the Welsh Assembly Government, or the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland (DoE(NI)). To be 

approved, a dispersant has to meet criteria regarding its efficacy (effectiveness) as well as toxicity. 

The presented method for testing dispersant efficiency was adopted from the ‘Baffled Flask Test’ (BFT) 

method used by the US EPA for the determination of the efficiency of oil spill dispersants (Venosa et al., 2002, Holder et al., 2015)."
Perfluorinated compounds in offshore fire-fighting foams – a source for marine contamination?
Authors: Suehring Roxana , Phillips Claire , Gioia Rosalinda , Rowles R. , Abdoellakhan I.
Published: January 2023

[Introduction]: "Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of applications as surface treatments, paper protectors and performance chemicals [1]. PFCs have the unique ability to repel both oil and water making them ideal candidates for surface protection of e.g. textiles or paper [2]. Their applications also include their use as speciality surfactants, for example, in cosmetics and electronics, as well as their use in Aqueous Film Forming Foamers (AFFF) [2,3]. Since the early 2000s, increasing evidence has been published that PFCs and, particularly, the historically used perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), are persistent in the environment and can fulfil the Stockholm Convention criteria for bioaccumulative and toxic, leading to the listing of PFOS as persistent organic pollutant (POP) under the Stockholm Convention in 2010 [4]. The restriction of PFOS was successfully implemented, however, replacement PFCs were quickly introduced and have since been increasing in production and use [5]. A variety of potential sources have been investigated as potential emission pathways for PFOS and its replacement PFCs to the marine environment. Potential sources include releases during manufacturing and application processes [6], leaching from products and long-range atmospheric transport [7]. However, there has, so far, been limited research regarding the potential impact of direct discharge of PFC containing products into the marine environment; through e.g. the use of fire-fighting foams on offshore platforms."
#MySTEMJob (25 stories of women in various STEM careers)
Authors: Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

Imogen Coe, Professor of Chemistry and Biology, speaks of her career in STEM.
Policy Change Towards Equity and Inclusion is Good for Science in Canada
Authors: Campbell Lesley , Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

[para.1.]: "In 2019, the Canadian post-secondary education (PSE) sector, and particularly the research enterprise, saw the implementation of significant initiatives relating to increasing equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in research, across all disciplines, including all scientific research supported by the three tri-councils. Overall, research culture in Canada has historically moved toward equity at a glacial pace and is behind other jurisdictions such as the US, UK and Australia in adopting policy-driven approaches to improved EDI in PSE. In 2019, there are now a number of policy changes that include (but are not limited to) the requirement for all Canadian PSE institutions to develop equity plans, increased accountability in the CRC program, expectations of applicants to integrate EDI and SGBA+ analysis in grant applications, and mandatory peer-review training on implicit bias. Canadian institutions can now also voluntarily participate in the recently launched Dimensions: EDI charter, which expected organizations to develop, implement and assess multi-year action plans which address their own institutional policies and programming initiatives towards identifying individual structural and systemic biases that limit full participation of members of the federally designated groups (women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities) and other under-represented communities (e.g., LGBTQ2S+).”
Researchers’ Response to Canada’s Fundamental Science Review
Authors: Woodgett Jim , Coe Imogen , Hariri Mehrdad
Published: January 2023

Report produced following summit organized by Dr. Imogen R. Coe (Ryerson University), Dr. Jim Woodgett (Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute) and Dr. Mehrdad Hariri (CSPC).
Advancing women in science, medicine and global health
Authors: Clark Jocalyn , Zuccala Liz , Verma Ravi , Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

Discussion of a special themed issue introduced by Lancet Editors Jocalyn Clark and Liz Zuccala, with contributions from #LancetWomen advisory group members Ravi Verma (International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India), and Imogen Coe (Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada). 
How diversity makes science work better
Authors: Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

[p.1]: " 

Just over 25 years ago, the Canadian Journal of Physics published an article by Dr. Gordon Freeman, a chemistry professor, in which he asserts that “women who work outside the home contribute to the moral degeneration of their children.”

This piece was submitted as a scientific paper (it wasn’t) and published after (alleged) rigorous peer-review by experts in the field (physics?), which is the gold standard for the reporting of science. Not surprisingly, this misogynistic opinion piece published as “science” generated considerable debate across the country. In the last half of the 20th century, some scientists in Canada were still remarkably sexist, which probably doesn’t surprise anyone — and even unethical, which should surprise everyone."
Equity & Excellence are Mutually Conducive; A response to Ms. Wente, Globe & Mail June 10th
Authors: Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

[p.1]: "Dear Ms Wente

I read with interest your opinion piece in the June 10th issue of the G & M. The piece was, I assume, intentionally provocative. I am compelled to respond because yours is a voice of privilege, on a national platform. You suggest that academia operates within a system that is fair and equal but surely you know that, like the rest of society, this is a falsehood. But the most privileged are the last to see inequities because they have benefited the most."
Women in Science: Dr. Imogen Coe
Authors: Boon Sarah , Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

Originally from the United Kingdom, Imogen Coe can’t remember a time when she wasn’t interested in science and how the natural world works. 
Social media for social change in science
Authors: Yammine Samantha Z. , Liu Christine , Jarreau Paige B , Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

Letter to the editor, 13 April 2018.