bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of surveillance applications and low-cost drone for mapping and exploitation of forest areas in urban environment
Authors: Stergiadou Anastasia , Kolkos George , Tselepis Asterios
Published: November 2022

Τhe municipalities of big cities utilize public green areas within the urban fabric, in order to create a small-scale natural environment for the community. The methods and the instruments for surveying and implementing topographic projects differ in quality, accuracy, time and cost. The purpose of the present research is to compare three different surveying methods according to these factors, and to test the adequacy of the results for highlighting best available techniques in forest urban areas. The results of measurements derived from a total station and unmanned aircraft were compared. Measurement errors were combined with the time required to complete the survey and the cost of each instrument and associated software for data processing. Based on the results, the time and cost of each application has shown that low-cost methods give sufficient results that can be used for the design and implementation of forest urbanization studies. The prospects for utilizing these methods of measuring and surveying urban forested areas are multiple and constantly improving with the development of technology.
Performance of metal-free carbonaceous catalysts in the removal of paracetamol by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation
Authors: Santos Silva Adriano , Henrique Adriano , Steldinger Hendryk , Diaz de Tuesta Jose , Gläsel Jan , Correia Silva Jose , Etzold Bastian , Gomes Helder
Published: November 2022

The performance of metal-free carbonaceous catalysts was evaluated in the removal of paracetamol, chosen as model pharmaceutical micropollutant, by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). The carbon materials were prepared from pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and divinylbenzene copolymer with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as porogen followed by subsequent carbonization at 900 ºC under N2 atmosphere. The synthesized material was grinded to powder and separated into different samples, according to its granulometry. The sample with particle sizes between 53 and 106 µm (catalyst Mon11) was further functionalized with nitric acid 5 M at 120 °C for 3 h (catalyst Mon11F) to increase the hydrophilicity of the original material. Both catalysts revealed high activity in CWPO, completely removing the pharmaceutical compound within 6 and 24 h of reaction at 80 ºC, when Mon11 and Mon11F were used, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) conversion achieved values of 86.8 and 75.8% with Mon11 and Mon11F, respectively. Adsorption tests at the same operating conditions resulted in removals of paracetamol after 24 h around 29% for Mon11 and 11% for Mon11F, confirming the predominance of catalytic removal of the pollutant in the CWPO runs.
How does presence of microplastics impact biogas production?
Authors: Žgajnar Gotvajn Andreja , Resnik Nina , Griessler Bulc Tjaša
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition on the biogas production caused by microplastics (MPs). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are receptors of MP. After wastewater treating, more than 90% of MP could be retained in the sludge. Anaerobic digestion of the excess sludge can help reduce its volume and operating costs of WWTPs, due to CH4 production. Analysis with OxiTop control system could help to follow anaerobic degradation process to evaluate impact of MP on biogas production with slightly modified standard procedure by adding MP. Comparison of pressures gain of samples with added MP to control sample could determine the impact of added MP on biogas production and give the ratio of methane and carbon dioxide in biogas. Presence of MP mainly negatively affected biogas and CH4 production. Polyamide (PA) had shown the most negative affect and reached even up to 19% less of total biogas produced, while its presence decreased CH4 yield for up to 10% at 2.38 g L-1. Polyacryl inhibited CH4 yield up to 15% at even the lowest added concentration 0.05 g L-1.
Selective denitrification of lipophilic pollutants from oily wastewater by peroxidation using Janus-structured amphiphilic carbon nanotubes as catalysts
Authors: Gomes Helder , Sanches Flávia , Roman Fernanda , Silva Adriano , Diaz de Tuesta Jose , Marin Pricila , Machado Bruno , Serp Philippe , Silva Adrián
Published: November 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were tested as catalysts in the selective denitrification of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from oily wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). The CNTs were prepared by chemical vapor deposition, feeding sequentially ethylene (E) and/or acetonitrile (A) during different times until 20 min, resulting in samples E20, A20 and E10A10, the number denoting the time feeding of each precursor and the order of appearance of the letter indicating the order of each precursor. The synthesized CNTs were tested in the CWPO of 4-NP in aqueous solutions and in simulated oily wastewater (2,2,4-trimethylpentane and water) at 80 ºC, initial pH 3.5, C4-NP = 1 g L-1, CH2O2 = 3.56 g/L and Ccatalyst = 2.5 g L-1. The catalyst A20 promoted a faster decomposition of H2O2 and a lower degradation of 4-NP in the aqueous system, whereas the catalyst E20 displayed the opposite trend, since E20 was able to remove 99% of the pollutant and A20 only 69% after 8 h of reaction. E10A10 in biphasic L-L media presented the highest conversion of 4-NP after 24 h in the oily phase (51%), followed by A20 (38%) and then E20 (25%). This tendency may be ascribed to the formation of Pickering emulsions by E10A10. The amphiphilic carachteristic of this material ensures a closer contact between the liquid phases, allowing higher mass transfer.
Triclosan-induced changes in earthworm Eisenia fetida life cycle under elevated temperature
Authors: Miškelytė Diana , Žaltauskaitė Jūratė
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobials are important for preserving the quality of life and public health. Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, TCS) is one of the most used antimicrobials in both pharmaceuticals and personal care products and it is a frequently detected emerging organic contaminant (EOCs). Earthworms Eisenia fetida, with their thin epithelium and their feeding, are directly exposed to soil pollutants, making them highly important for the assessment of the toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants to soil biota. With potentially far-reaching consequences for life on Earth, climate change is an increasingly urgent issue. There is a growing awareness of the importance of anticipating the interactions between natural and chemical stressors, and the way they affect organisms and their performance. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of elevated temperatures on changes in the life cycle of earthworm E.fetida induced by triclosan. Triclosan-contaminated (10 - 750 mg TCS kg-1) soil studies with E.fetida were performed at different temperatures (20℃ and 25℃). Earthworm lifecycle parameters (mortality rate, weight growth, reproduction) were determined. Results of this study showed that elevated temperature enhanced the negative effect of triclosan on E.fetida mortality at ≥100 mg TCS kg-1 concentrations. Reproduction of E.Fetida was the most sensitive to TCS exposure and the lowest tested TCS concentration severely affected E.Fetida reproduction.
Synthesis and characterization of nanomagnetite for environmental applications
Authors: Mystrioti Christiana , Papassiopi Nymphodora , Xenidis Anthimos
Published: November 2022

Μagnetite (Fe3O4) in nanoscale has been very attractive due to its unique properties which make it ideal for a wide range of applications. Nanomagnetite can be applied as drug delivery medium, as catalyst and as efficient adsorbent and reducing agent for water treatment. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of ferrous and ferric iron salts with the addition of a base under microwave-assisted heating. This is a simple, low cost and quick method which results to uniform shape and size of nanomagnetite particles. The effect of heating time and the microwave power were evaluated for the properties of nanoparticles. The mineralogical composition of prepared nanoparticles was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The performance of nanomagnetite for Cr(VI) removal from contaminated water streams was evaluated by conducting batch tests. Nanomagnetite exhibited good removal performance for chromates and could easily be separated and recovered under magnetic field.
Preparation and characterization of f-MWCNT-GO self-assembled polymeric nanocomposite membrane for wastewater treatment
Authors: Nassar Lobna , Khalil Hiyam , Wadi Vijay , Naddeo Vincenzo , Banat Fawzi , Hasan Shadi
Published: November 2022

Increased population and urbanization have resulted in the generation of significant amounts of wastewater. The integration of membrane technology with nanotechnology has prompted revolutionary advances in the treatment of wastewaters. In this study, functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT)- (GO) nanocomposite was prepared by self-assembly, then incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) membranes. Different concentrations of f-MWCNT-GO ranging from 0% to 8 wt.% were used. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) was performed to confirm the existence of f-MWCNT-GO in the fabricated membranes. In addition, the effect of f-MWCNT-GO incorporation on the performance of the membranes were investigated by carrying out analyses that include, but are not limited to, deionized (DI) water contact angle (CA), porosity, water flux, heavy metals removal, etc. The addition of f-MWCNT-GO resulted in a decrease in the DI water CA from 79.0±3.8° in the pristine PLA membrane to 51.8±2.4° in the 8 wt.% f-MWCNT-GO-PLA membrane. Furthermore, the water flux increased from 1062.8 L/m2·h to 2543.4 L/m2·h in the pristine PLA and 8 wt.% f-MWCNT-GO-PLA membrane, respectively. Such membranes have the potential to be utilized in real wastewater treatment applications.
Integration of negatively charged MWCNT-fGO self-assembled nanomaterials into PLA polymeric membranes for wastewater treatment
Authors: Khalil Hiyam , Hasan Shadi , Nassar Lobna , Wadi Vijay , Naddeo Vincenzo , Banat Fawzi
Published: November 2022

The integration of nanomaterials in membrane’s matrix aims to improve the membrane’s hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, thermal stability and water flux, which are vital membrane properties needed to active efficient removal of contaminants. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized Graphene oxide (fGO) have recently attracted attention, as they have proved to have potential in various applications. The main objective of this work was to fabricate polylactic acid (PLA) membranes incorporated with negatively charged, self-assembled MWCNT-fGO using phase inversion method. Different concentrations of MWCNT-fGO 2,4,6 and 8 wt% of the polymer were fabricated.
Synthesis of Fe3O4-Ag Nanocomposite and Their Performance as Surface Modifiers for TiO2 Membranes in Treating Oily Wastewater
Authors: Hasan Shadi , Aboulella Ahmed , Wadi Vijay , Naddeo Vincenzo , Banat Fawzi
Published: November 2022

Membrane technology has shown extraordinary performance in treating oily wastewater. Yet, more research is focused towards enhancing the performance of the separation process. In this work, Fe3O4-Ag composite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique and applied on the surface of TiO2 ceramic membranes to enhance their performance in terms of oil emulsions separation. The NPs were characterized using the FTIR, XRD, among others. The Fe3O4-Ag NPs were coated on the surface of the ceramic membranes using vacuum coating method by which a uniform layer of the NPs was formed on the surface. Results showed that the contact angle of the pristine ceramic membrane was found to be 75°±2.2°.On the other hand, the modified membrane contact angle was found to be 10.1°±2.2° indicating a super hydrophilic surface. Furthermore, the modified membranes showed water flux of 1065 L·m·h-1 (LMH) which is 2.8 higher than the pristine membrane (380 LMH). Lastly, the surface-coated membranes showed a total oil rejection of 61.8% compared to 56.5% in the pristine membranes. These results showed the potential of using these modified membranes in treating oily wastewater from refineries.
Numerical Modelling of Wave Reflection from Port Structures for Reliable Forecasting of Berth Downtime
Authors: Chondros Michalis , Malliouri Dimitra , Metallinos Anastasios , Papadimitriou Andreas , Karambas Theofanis , Makris Christos , Baltikas Vasilis , Kontos Yiannis , Nagkoulis Nikolas , Androulidakis Yannis , Klonaris Georgios , Tsoukala Vasiliki , Memos Constantine
Published: November 2022

Forecast of wave agitation inside port basins and consequent downtime of berth positions are of utmost importance to make a port “smarter” by efficiently managing its infrastructure. Within Accu-Waves project (http://accuwaves.eu), a decision-making tool is being developed to provide forecast data on prevailing sea states in the vicinity of port entrances and inside harbour basins. The said tool will be based on cooperating hydrodynamic models that derive data from global scale, open sea forecasts. The implementation of the project includes development and application of a hydrodynamic circulation model, a spectral wave propagation model and a phase-resolving wave model for port basins. The latter is based on the hyperbolic mild-slope (HMS) equations, capable of simulating wave propagation and reflection. In order to achieve higher levels of simulation accuracy in the vicinity of waterfront structures, we need to robustly model the reflection of incipient waves from such structures (e.g., quay walls). In the present paper, this need is met through the incorporation of an additional, case-specific eddy viscosity coefficient to the governing mild-slope equations (of the phase-resolving wave model). This coefficient accounts for the energy dissipation on port structures’ fronts and its value is decided based on the corresponding reflection coefficient. A basic set of incident wave scenarios are simulated, required in investigating the numerics of reflection by the corresponding eddy viscosity coefficients in the wave model. Our pilot investigation refers to numerical experiments for several cases of waves approaching an either fully or partially reflective vertical quay wall. The proposed methodology could enhance similar HMS models; its results should be valuable for port operators.
PlomBOX - development of a low-cost CMOS device for environmental monitoring
Authors: Dias A , Aguilar-Arevalo A , Alba Posse E , Alvarez M , Arnaldi H , Asorey H , Bertou X , Colque Α. , Deisting A , D'Olivo J , Favela-Pérez F , Gándola Y , Garcés E , Gasulla J , Gómez Berisso M , González Muñoz A , Guerra-Pulido J , Gutierrez S , Jois S , Lipovetzky J , Lovera J. , Lovino M , Marín-Lámbarri D , Marpegan L , Martín D , Martinez Montero M , Mejía Muñoz S. , Monroe J , Nadra A , Paling S , Pregliasco R , Rumi G , Rossen A , Santos J , Scovell P , Tallis M , Teijeiro A , Triana M. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on the development of a novel CMOS device employing lead-sensing bacteria to assay lead in drinking water. The objective of the PlomBOX project is to develop a low-cost sensor (£10) which can expedite access to on-demand assay methods and thus help mitigate lead intake through contaminated drinking water. The project follows three development paths: a) Certain bacteria can fluoresce or change colour when in the presence of lead. A genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli sensitive to lead concentrations up to 10 ppb is being developed. This constitutes the biosensor that fluoresces in proportion to the presence of lead. b) Bacteria response is imaged using a microprocessor (ESP32) with a camera module. This constitutes the optical metrology component of the PlomBOX. c) Data acquisition and control of the PlomBOX is achieved through a Bluetooth connection with the PlomApp, a custom-developed mobile phone application. Data are sent from the PlomApp to a database where a bespoke automated analysis software provides a result of the lead concentration in a sample of water. This paper reports on the instrumentation challenges of developing the electronics for the PlomBOX and on the first prototype.
Towards a Holistic Approach for Small Island Tourism Analysis: The case of Camiguin, Philippines
Authors: Reyes Edgar, Jr
Published: November 2022

Tropical small islands are perceived paradise destinations for most tourists, however, small islands are critical biosystems with finite, fragile and vulnerable yet unique set of resources. These features are not highlighted as a defining character that captures small islands spatial challenges and context. Using the DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework as an approach to analyze the small island tourism context, a more robust and integrated problem diagnosis was derived from the small island province of Camiguin. The problematic context of tourism activities is centered to the aspect of island sustainability geared towards the understanding of its different sectoral concerns including the socio-cultural, economic, environmental, infrastructural and institutional. Through the DPSIR framework direct and indirect concerns were linked on the problematic context or existing state of tourism activities with insightful relationships to recurring island problems on waste management, marginalization of local communities, food insecurity, unsustainable economic activities, threats in the biodiversity, etc. These problematic conditions were provided with targeted solutions involving a wide-spectrum of activities involving community empowerment and local conservation actions and larger municipal- and provincial-wide policy recommendation encompassing direct and indirect sustainable recommendations all obtained from the careful island tourism analysis guided through the DPSIR framework.
Impact on the effect of acetic acid in its aqueous forms on environments and its separations by solvent extraction method- A review
Authors: Sofiya Karunanithi , Karunanithi Balakrishnan
Published: November 2022

Acetic acid is one of the top twenty commodities used in various industrial processes. Removal of acetic acid in its aqueous forms is a significant problem, and it cannot be discarded directly to the environment because of its acidity nature. The separation of acetic acid from its aqueous phase is challenging because of the formation of azeotrope conditions. Several methods have been studied to recover the acetic acid in its aqueous phase, distillation, solvent extraction, membrane separation, pervaporation, etc. Out of which, solvent extraction is mainly used for feed concentration up to 50%. The efficiency of solvent extraction mostly depends on the solvent which is chosen for the extraction. The current study mainly focused on the review of extraction of acetic acid from aqueous phase using several organic solvents, single and combination of two solvents (dual solvents). The efficiency is studied in terms of distribution coefficient and separation factor. The model available in Aspen plus NRTL, UNIQUAC, UNIFAC was also discussed.
Removal Of Arsenic From Water Using Iron-Coated Pomelo Peel (ICPP)
Authors: Nguyen Tien Vinh , Nguyen Thi Hai , Tran Hai Nguyen , Nguyen Quoc Bien , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu , Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) in aqueous solution using iron-coated pomelo peel (ICPP). Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of initial pH values (2.0–10), contact time (1–1440 minutes), initial concentration (0.05–5 mg/L) on the As(III) and As(V) removal capacity by ICPP. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of ICPP of As(III) and As(V) at pH 7.0, and 25 °C were 1.51 mg/g and 1.64 mg/g, respectively. The capacities were significantly higher than that of raw pomelo peel (PP) material at the same condition (qmax As(III) = 0.032 mg/g and qmax As(V) = 0.036 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics data fitted well with the Elovich model and the adsorption process quickly reached an equilibrium at around 120 min. The results shows that the As(III) and As(V) adsorption performance of ICPP were much better than that of PP, granular activated carbon (GAC) and many iron-based adsorbents. Thus, ICPP has potential as a filter media for efficiently removing toxic arsenic ions from water.
Applying solar distillation for the sustainable management of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Stasinakis Athanasios , Mastoras Petros , Gatidou Georgia , Vakalis Stergios , Fountoulakis Michalis , Haralampopoulos Dias
Published: November 2022

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is a major by-product of olive oil production industry. Its chemical characteristics (high concentrations of COD and TSS, low pH value, existence of total phenols at the range of some ppm) does not allow its efficient treatment using conventional physiochemical or biological wastewater treatment methods. On the other hand, an important number of compounds with bioactive properties have been detected in OMWW increasing the scientific and economical interest for their recovery. In the current study, lab experiments were initially conducted using conventional distillation to study the role of temperature and initial OMWW characteristics to the composition of the distillate. Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of different bioactive compounds in the distillates as well as the positive role of temperature’s increase on their recovery. A pilot-scale solar still system was afterwards constructed to investigate the simultaneous solar drying of OMWW and the recovery of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties in the distillate. The system operated in different experimental cycles and the produced distillates and solid residues were analyzed for the presence of bioactive compounds and the energy content, respectively.
Hydro-Chemical Facies Analysis and Determination of Dominant Water-Type in District Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Zaheer , Abdul Tariq , Iram Gul , Hadayat Ullah , Ghulam Mujtaba Shah , Malik Muhammad Hafeezullah
Published: November 2022

Safe drinking water is a fundamental entity to people and other living things. This study investigates the -chemical facies and determination of dominant water-type along with their suitability for drinking purposes. Aqua-Chem software was used for analysis, interpretation, and hydro-chemical facies assessment. In the piper plot prepared by Aqua-Chem, groundwater was divided into six facies and it showed that most of the samples accumulated in the place where required to identify the quality of water. It was found that the dominant water type in district Zhob is the Calcium Magnesium chloride (Ca+Mg+Cl-) type and the second dominant water type was calcium bicarbonate (CaHCO3) type. It was revealed that Sodium Bicarbonate (Na HCO3) type of water was not present in district Zhob. This study was meant to carry out the detailed hydrochemical facies analysis of drinking water, to help the public and administrations.
The Lombard Dairy Industry in the Perspective of Circular Economy: Degree of Application and Improvement Potentials
Authors: Mehner E. , Fantin V. , Pizzichini D. , Vergalli S. , Vaccari M.
Published: November 2022

Circular Economy is an economic concept, aiming at increasing resource efficiency, recirculating resource streams and minimizing waste of an industrial process. Thereby, ideally, environmental impacts can be decreased while the profitability of the considered process is improved. This concept is growing increasingly popular among the scientific community. Yet, due to the immense variety of potential applications, it can be difficult to assess the degree of application in a particular industrial sector at a given time. For this contribution, a survey is conducted among producers of dairy products, in Lombardy, Italy. The aim of the survey is to investigate the current degree of application of Circular Economy among these producers considering waste recovery, by-product valorization, and renewable energy production. Furthermore, the producers’ perception of Circular Economy is tested, and their interest in an intensified implementation inquired. Considering the most relevant resource streams (i.e., by-products, water, energy, and solid waste), more detailed questions are added, focusing on internal management and recovery strategies.
THE FATE OF MICROPLASTICS DURING THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF THERMALLY PRETREATED SLUDGE
Authors: Cesaro Alessandra , Pirozzi Francesco , Zafirakou Antigoni , Alexandraki Akrivi
Published: November 2022

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the water environment has raised as an issue of great concern, mainly due to their persistence and potential adverse effects on biota. Municipal wastewater treatment plants have been claimed among the most important point source of MPs. Nevertheless, they act as a barrier for the spread of MPs in water, since a significant amount of these pollutants concentrates in the sludge originating from wastewater treatment. This study focuses on the presence of MPs in sewage sludge, with the main aim of assessing their fate during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated sludge. MP abundance in the digestate as well as the anaerobic biodegradability of the pretreated substrates were assessed. Experimental results addressed preliminary considerations on the effects of high temperature on the MPs as well as on their influence on anaerobic degradation processes.
Characterisation of Radioactive Contaminated Waste: Alpha-Induced Air-Fluorescence Detection Under Daylight Conditions
Authors: Gamage Kelum , Crompton Anita
Published: November 2022

Short travel of alpha particles in environments complicated the detection and characterisation of alpha-emitting contamination in mixed radiation fields in nuclear decommissioning sites. As a result, detection of alpha-induced radioluminescence became popular in nuclear decommissioning applications. The detection has to be done under dark conditions or special lighting conditions, in order to prevent interference of alpha-induced radioluminescence with background light. However, stand-off detection even under daylight condition, can be achieved by detecting alpha-induced radioluminescence in the ultraviolet C wavelength range (180-280 nm). We have demonstrated the use of an UVTRON flame sensor, which is solar-blind (developed by Hamamatsu), detecting photons in the ultraviolet C wavelength range. Ultraviolet C radioluminescence from a Po-210 sample was detected in normal lighting conditions using the UVTRON, with very low background counts found in all environments. As the Ultraviolet C radioluminescence signal is small, gas flows of Ar, Xe, Ne, N2, Kr and P-10 were directed over the Po-210 sample to enhance radioluminescence with positive effect. In one instance Xe doubled the count in relation to an air atmosphere.
Risk Evaluation of Community-Based Water Systems from Nonpoint-Source Pollution in Eastern Visayas, Philippines
Authors: GOMBA FELISA , PERANTE WENCESLAO
Published: November 2022

This study evaluated the risk posed by nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution to the 266 community-based water systems (CBWS) in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, together with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was used to develop a Nonpoint-Source Pollution Potential Index (NSPPI) to identify and classify the potential locations of water systems that are at risk from NPS. In developing the NSPPI, this study used three features that contribute to NPS pollution (taken from the original Agricultural Pollution Potential Index (APPI) model) as follows: Runoff Potential Index, Sediment Yield Potential Index, and Nutrient Yield Potential Index. Results showed that 22% (n=59) of the CBWS is at high risk of NPS pollution, 42% (n=111) is categorized as moderate, and 36% (n=96) as low. Using NSPPI as a primary risk evaluation of CBWS from NPS pollution is a cost-effective screening tool in identifying priority sites for environmental management intervention.
Condensate originating from household food waste as a substrate for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Tremouli A. , Kamperidis T. , Pandis P. , Vlachaki E. , Lyberatos G.
Published: November 2022

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioreactor that converts the chemical energy of the bonds of organic compounds to electrical energy, through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. Under anaerobic conditions various substrates have been examined using MFC technology. This study examines the potential use of the liquid fraction of fermentable household waste (source-sorted food waste), which results from condensation of the vapors generated during drying, as a feed to the MFC. The main characteristics of this substrate are: 13 g COD/L, pH=3.5, conductivity=262 μS/cm. Condensate was fed to two single-chamber air cathode MFCs, using mullite and GoreTex as cathodic electrodes, respectively. The oxygen reduction catalyst was MnO2 in both cases, while graphite granules were used as anodic electrodes. The units were operated in batch mode. Linear sweep voltammetry was carried out in order to conduct electrochemical characterization. The maximum power output was 0.52 μW/m3 for the mullite cell and 0.28 μW/m3 for the GoreTex cell, respectively. High COD removal efficiencies (>75%) were achieved for both cells.
Practical Applications of Groundwater Modeling in Contaminated Site Investigation and Remediation
Authors: Toskos Theodoros
Published: November 2022

Modeling is a very useful tool in the investigation and remediation of contaminated sites, that is generally misunderstood and underutilized. Often, modeling is perceived as requiring protracted and expensive efforts, beyond the means of most projects. However, developing a clear set of objectives and understanding the limitations of each modeling effort enables us to develop the information that needed and to obtain regulatory closure. We are providing examples of how the application of these principles allows to obtain valuable results expending only modest effort and cost.
Photocatalytic elimination of water pollutants using innovative titania thin film heterostructures embedding carbon quantum dots
Authors: Falara Penelope , Kordatos Konstantinos , Zourou Adamantia , Ibrahim Islam
Published: November 2022

Titanium dioxide based photocatalysis is a well-established advanced oxidation process (AOP) that recently has expanded its borders comprising advanced reduction processes (ARPs) as well. To enhance the photocatalytic activity, titania heterostructures embedding semiconductors, or clays, or plasmonic metals can be proposed as very promising solutions. In this study, carbon quantum dots (C-QDs) prepared hydrothermally, were successfully combined with titania (TiO2). The photocatalytic activity of the C-QDs/TiO2 heterostructures was successfully tested in the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) pollutants. Moreover, the composite thin films were also effectively used in photocatalytic degradation of characteristic dye contaminants,
thus confirming their high potential for photoinduced oxidation reactions. The mechanisms of the photocatalytic reactions were studied using appropriate scavengers and it was demonstrated that electrons (e-) are at the origin of the photocatalytic reduction of Cr+6 and 4-NP, while holes (h+) are the main active species for the photocatalytic oxidation reactions.
Hydrogen production in a microbial electrolysis cell: the influence of operational parameters
Authors: ANTONOPOULOU GEORGIA , APOSTOLOPOULOS ILIAS , BAMPOS GEORGE , BEBELIS SYMEON , LYBERATOS G
Published: November 2022

In the present study two identical two-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), fed with an acetate synthetic medium, were used for hydrogen production, using different anodic materials, i.e. commercial carbon fiber paper (CP) and graphite granules (GG). The effects of the applied voltage (i.e. 0.7 and 0.9 V) and of the acclimation procedure (direct potentiostatic operation as MEC or galvanostatic as microbial fuel cell, MFC) were assessed and the performance of both MECs was compared in terms of their biochemical and electrochemical characteristics.
Validation of ENVI-met microscale model with in-situ measurements in warm thermal conditions across Athens area
Authors: Pantavou Katerina , Koletsis Ioannis , Tseliou Areti , Lykoudis Spyridon , Tsiros Ioannis , Lagouvardos Kostas , Psiloglou Basil , Founda Dimitra
Published: November 2022

Validation is critical for quantifying accuracy, errors and limitations of models’ results. This study examines the ability of ENVI-met model to simulate thermal conditions in high spatial resolution. Field measurements from 11 central sites (squares and parks) across the greater area of Athens, Greece, incorporating 15 days of campaigns in July and August were used. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, grey globe temperature and total solar radiation were monitored at 1.1 m above the ground using a mobile meteorological station. In addition, Mean Radiant Temperature, Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) were calculated incorporating in-situ measurements. The full force method for ENVI-met initial conditions was applied, using hourly data from the nearest meteorological stations. Validation metrics including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the index of agreement (d) were used to measure the model accuracy. The results showed that air temperature is simulated with adequate accuracy (MAE = 1.6 ⁰C and d = 0.8) while PET and UTCI also present a high percentage of agreement (MAE = 5.3 ⁰C and 3.3 ⁰C; d = 0.7 and 0.8, respectively). Overall, the study provides further confidence that the ENVI-met can be utilized as a reliable model for further research analysis.
Can the seasonal variability affect the BMP of fruit and vegetable waste?
Authors: Scotto di Perta Ester , Lamboglia Rosetta , Cesaro Alessandra , Frunzo Luigi , Esposito Giovanni , Papirio Stefano
Published: November 2022

Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), largely produced in open markets, is characterized by highly putrescible materials, thus being a proper substrate for anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the effect of the seasonal variation of FVW, on the biochemical methane potential (BMP). To this end, FVW with an average composition between the wastes collected from open markets in Amman (Jordan) and Sfax (Tunisia) was considered. Three sets of batch BMP tests were carried out using three seasonal FVW compositions under mesophilic conditions (34°C). The selected fruits and vegetables were chopped until reaching a particle size of 10 mm. Sewage sludge was used as inoculum, and the batch experiments were performed with an inoculum/substrate ratio of 2 (g VS basis). VFAs, TS and VS content, COD, TAN, pH and alkalinity were monitored. Results show a final methane yield of 493.1 ± 27.7, 394.2 ± 69.6 and 373.3 ± 32.4 NmL CH4 g SV-1 for the winter, spring and summer composition, respectively. Due to the high biodegradability of all substrates, more than 80% of the total methane production occurred in the first 7 days, with a simultaneous reduction of the soluble COD and VFAs. For the highest performing substrate, a 40% reduction of VS was observed.
Are emerging contaminants affecting drinking water microbial biofilms?
Authors: Gomes Inês , Simões Manuel , Pinto Isabel , Arruda Vitória , Simões Lúcia
Published: November 2022

The presence of biofilms in drinking water (DW) distribution systems is unavoidable as well as the presence of trace levels of different emerging contaminants (ECs). ECs constitute a potential risk for the “One Health” trilogy. In particular, the presence of antibiotics in the environment has been associated with antibiotic-resistance spread worldwide. However, the information about the pressure caused by non-antibiotic and non-pharmaceutical ECs remains scarce. This study aims to highlight the possible impact of different pharmaceutical and even some non-pharmaceutical ECs on the behavior of bacteria isolated from DW. Few recent works reported the impact of a continuous exposure to specific ECs on DW microbiota; however, this topic still remains unexplored by the scientific community. In order to provide more realistic knowledge about the continuous exposure of DW biofilms to ECs, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from DW, was used to form biofilms. These biofilms were exposed to several pharmaceutical (ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin, carbamazepine) and non-pharmaceutical (caffeine) ECs. The results demonstrated that the presence of these ECs may affect DW bacteria behavior, namely the ability to form biofilms and the tolerance to antibiotics. Additionally, this work demonstrates the possible impact of ECs on DW bacteria behavior and highlights that the impact of ECs on DW microbial community is dependent on the bacterial diversity, environmental conditions and also the time of exposure.
Investigation of the performance of green nano Zero Valent Iron for the removal of emerging contaminants from water
Authors: Panagou Iliana , Noutsopoulos Constantinos , Barka Evridiki , Mystrioti Christiana , Koumaki Elena , Mamais Daniel , Papassiopi Nymphodora , Malamis Simos
Published: November 2022

Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) is considered as a promising nanomaterial for the removal of a wide range of recalcitrant pollutants from contaminated water and soil. Due to its high reactivity, large surface area, its catalytic and reductive properties along with the ability to be produced at low cost using herbal extracts, technologies incorporating nZVI are recently receiving a lot of attention. This study focuses on the utilization of nZVI made of green tea extracts which is supported in a cationic exchange resin, to remove selected emerging contaminants, classified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and endocrine disrupting chemicals from water. The effectiveness of the nZVI resin (R-nFe) and the effect of crucial parameters, as the contact time, initial pH, nZVI resin’s dose, and the pre-treatment of the nZVI resin with NaCl was evaluated through batch experiments. The effect of the resin was also investigated in the removal performance. Results indicate that most of the selected compounds can be removed efficiently in acidic pH values, and the pre-treatment of the nZVI resin with NaCl is optimal for achieving higher removal efficiencies. However, the adsorption capacity of the resin seems to play also an important role in the removal of some targeted compounds.
Pilot-scale membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment using innovative encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane
Authors: Naddeo Vincenzo , Castrogiovanni Fabiano , Borea Laura , HASAN Shadi , Belgiorno Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

The use of membrane bioreactors (MBR) is a promising technique for wastewater treatment that manages to respect the restrictive limits imposed by regulations.
However, during the filtration process membranes are subject to fouling which requires additional costs for cleaning and replacing the modules. This phenomenon severely limits the widespread of this technology on a real scale.
Thanks to many scientific studies, it has been possible to put into practice various fouling mitigation strategies which, at the same time, manage to increase the treatment efficiencies of the system, such as the application of electrochemical processes associated with MBR reactors (e-MBR).
The introduction of low-cost self-forming dynamic membranes (SFDM), to replace the conventional ones, has made MBR technology even more promising. However, the large size of the pores limits their application since the effluents obtained at the beginning of the process are not of good quality.
In the present study the performance of an innovative patented hybrid reactor, which combines encapsulated self-forming dynamic membranes (ESFDM) with an electro-MBR, was studied.
The experiment, conducted at a pilot scale using real wastewater from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, evaluated the efficiency of pollutant removal and fouling formation as a function of the applied current density.
The effect of catalysts MnO2, activated carbon and fly ash on the performance of single-chamber Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Tremouli A. , Kamperidis T. , Pandis P. , Stathopoulos V. , Ieropoulos I. , Argirusis C. , Lyberatos G.
Published: November 2022

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are bioelectrochemical systems that convert the chemical energy contained in waste to electricity, using bacteria as catalysts. In order to boost the power output of MFCs, various approaches are feasible. This study examines the effect of using MnO2, activated carbon and fly ash as catalysts on the performance of three identical single-chamber MFCs. Ceramic (mullite) tubes run through the chamber providing structural support to the catalyst. Graphite granules were used as the anode electrode for all units. The cells operated in batch mode using glucose (1.5 g COD/L) as substrate. High COD removal efficiencies (>75%) were achieved for all units. The best performance in terms of power output was achieved when using MnO2 catalyst (Pmax=2.32 W/m3).
CO2-Uptake Enhances Chromate Release from Fresh Chromium Ore Processing Residues (COPR)
Authors: Lapp F. , Brück F. , Mansfeldt T. , Dohrmann R. , Göske J. , Weigand H.
Published: November 2022

Chromium ore processing residue (COPR) still contains considerable chromate which can lead to groundwater contamination at uncontrolled dumpsites. The alkaline pH and presence of portlandite introduced in the high-lime roasting render COPR a potential CO2-trap. To assess whether this feeds back on chromate mobility, fresh COPR samples from two Indian production sites for leather tanning salts were examined. Carbonation was performed at near atmospheric pressure and 100 vol.-% CO2 for 48 h. The pH, electric conductivity, chromate and bulk anions were determined in aqueous batch leachates of the carbonated and native samples. In addition, the latter were spiked with Na2CO3 and titrated with HNO3 to the pH observed in the carbonated material to distinguish mere pH effects on chromate release from carbonation. The samples sequestered up to 5.0 wt.-% CO2, decreasing the pH and increasing chromate release by up to 270 %. The mobility enhancement was stronger in the carbonated than the pH-adjusted samples. Weathering of COPR and the concomitant uptake of CO2 may thus increase the risk of groundwater contamination at COPR dumpsites.
Changes of Photosynthetic Performance of Brassica napus Affecting Cadmium Phytoextraction Performance under Elevated Temperature, CO2 and Drought
Authors: Dikšaitytė Austra , Žaltauskaitė Jūratė , Kniuipytė Inesa , Januškaitienė Irena , Juknys Romualdas
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the Cd-removal efficiency from the soil by rapes (Brassica napus L.) under changing climate conditions, i.e. elevated temperature and CO2 with or without additional drought stress. As photosynthesis is the most important primary metabolic process, determining plant growth, Cd-phytoextraction performance was evaluated through the changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters that are widely used to quantify abiotic stress responses. The results showed that, with the less affected photochemical quantum yields and better general physiological state of PSII, well-watered rapes grown under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions produced significantly higher harvestable biomass and extracted significantly higher Cd content from the soil than those grown under ambient temperature and CO2 conditions. Drought fully negated this gain; however, Cd-phytoextraction performance by rapes under the combined impact of elevated temperature, CO2 and drought was not related to the changes of selected ChlF parameters, suggesting other restrictions to photosynthesis under additional drought stress than the reduced photochemical activity due to the decrease in electron transport flow.
Studies on the CO2 adsorption onto coal fly ash zeolites at elevated pressures
Authors: Boycheva Silviya , Zgureva Denitza
Published: November 2022

Coal fly ash zeolites (CFAZs) of Na-X type were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted double stage fusion-hydrothermal synthesis from lignite coal fly ash at two different fusion temperatures 550 and 800 C. The detailed surface analyses were performed experimentally using N2 physisorption technique and by applying standardized mathematical models. CFAZs were studied for their carbon capture potential at 5.5 MPa regarding their application in a pressure-swing CO2 adsorption process. CO2 loaded CFAZs were investigated by weight analyses, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analyses (TGA). FTIR reveals vibration modes typical for the zeolite Na-X framework, physically attached CO2 molecules and small amounts of carbonates. The adsorption capacity toward CO2 measured by weight analyses and TGA reaches 385 mgCO2/gCFAZ. Higher carbon capture ability was found at CFAZ prepared with a pre-fusion stage at 800 C, despite its the lowest specific surface area. A favourable effect of the increased content of mesopores in the CFAZ framework on the CO2 adsorption at elevated pressures has been established.
Dairy farms management and carbon storage in the soil fractions
Authors: Ferreiro-Domínguez Nuria , Rigueiro-Rodríguez Antonio , Miranda Marta , Mosquera-Losada María Rosa
Published: November 2022

The dairy sector is one of the main economic activities in the Spanish region of Galicia, located in the northwest of the country. In dairy farms, the type of farm management has a clear effect on climate change mitigation by modifying crucial processes such as carbon storage in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dairy farm management (extensive, intensive and organic) on carbon storage in each soil aggregate fraction in dairy farms of Galicia. A total of 21 dairy farms were selected of which 7 farms were based on intensive conventional production, 7 farms were based on extensive conventional production and 7 farms were based on organic production. In each farm, two plots were selected and for each plot, two composite soil samples were collected. In the laboratory, soil samples were fractionated in macroaggregates (250–2000 μm), microaggregates (53–250 μm) and silt + clay (< 53 μm) to estimate the carbon storage in each soil fraction. The results show that the organic farms implied a higher amount of carbon storage in the different soil fractions than the extensive and intensive farms, being the carbon storage in the smallest soil fractions very stable and maintained in the soil in the long-term.
Performance evaluation of flue gas cured calcium rich fly ash based building blocks
Authors: Usta Mustafa , Adegbile Michael , Gregor Andre , Paaver Peter , Hain Tiina , Yoruk Can , Uibu Mai , Trikkel Andres
Published: November 2022

This work focuses on the local alkaline wastes of Estonia where different waste streams were studied for the performance testing of the fly ash based building blocks. Fly ash from oil shale direct combustion and wood fly ash from district heating plant were considered in the applications for utilizing both CO2 and combustion residues. These types of ashes contain Ca/Mg-oxides, silicates, or other metal oxides as candidate precursor materials for CO2 mineralization. Based on the results obtained from the performance testing of all compacted and carbonated (both with model flue gas and 100%CO2) samples, it can be concluded that flue gas curing can be an effective method for direct mineral carbonation of compacted fly ash blocks. The formation of carbonate phases in compact bodies lead to an increase in compressive strength. The rate limiting impact due to the low CO2 concentration in flue gas curing was negligible on the CO2 uptake level when elevated curing pressures were applied to the fly ash based compacts.