bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones via Biginelli Reaction by Using Molecular Iodine as Environmentally Friendly Catalyst
Authors: Fadlan A , Pratama L Y , Ilfahmi Y A , Seviani W , Masitoh H
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-ones has been the focus of much interest since they exhibited various biological activities with pharmacology potentials (antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory). Dihydropyrimidinones could be produced straightforwardly through a one-pot three-component Biginelli reaction involving β-ketoester, aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde, and urea in ethanol under strong acidic conditions with reflux. However, this reaction has drawbacks and pollutes the environment due to the use of strong mineral acids and the production of hostile and toxic wastes that are environmentally unfriendly. Molecular iodine emerges as an environment-benign catalyst, which is non-toxic, mild, inexpensive, and readily available. The present paper reports the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones by using molecular iodine via Biginelli multicomponent reaction under reflux. The reaction between benzaldehyde or vanillin, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea produced ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4a and ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 4b in 50 and 54% yields, respectively. This protocol provides an alternative route to access dihydropyrimidinones using commercially available iodine as a catalyst. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR, HRMS).
Comparative Analysis of Concrete and Asphalt Pavement Damage on Trengguli-Kudus Road Using 2D-Resistivity and GPR Methods
Authors: Jannah A N , Narinda A P , Warnana D D , Lestari W
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the Trengguli-Kudus Road in Demak, Central Java, Indonesia has frequently experienced damage, even after repeated repairs. This road is located on one of the main transportation routes on the island of Java, so it requires more attention and maintenance. This study aims to identify and compare road damage of concrete and asphalt pavement using geophysical methods, 2D-resistivity with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) at KM 39+600 and 39+850. Secondary data from borehole logs and pit test results were also used as validation in the interpretation process. The types of damage identified from GPR processing results indicate that asphalt pavement showed signs of rutting, distortion, cracking, and settlement, while concrete pavement exhibited cracking and settlement. This settlement is also supported by the 3D resistivity cross-section, where the clay layer appears to dip southward, suggesting material movement toward the river. The suspected causes of recurrent damage at the study site are the characteristics of the soft subgrade and overloading. From the radargram response comparison, it is concluded that damage in concrete pavement is more clearly visible, consistent with field conditions and the stiffer nature of concrete, which is more prone to cracking. For national road with high traffic load, suggested that it is better to use concrete pavement as it is more rigid than asphalt. In this road, the subgrade maintaining also should be done to strengthen the pavement above it.
Eco-cultural mapping for the sustainable development of the historical-cultural tourism area of Sumberawan temple
Authors: Titisari E Y , Antariksa  , Firsandy B A , Paramadhyaksa I N W
Published: January 2025

The Sumberawan Temple should be developed as a tourism destination in a sustainable paradigm, incorporating various factors such as nature, history, and culture. This requires the creation of an eco-cultural mapping database that includes information about ecology, history, and culture. The purpose of this research is to identify, compile, and map Sumberawan Temple’s eco-cultural data. The research was carried out in stages, beginning with field observations, followed by compilation and categorization using the Cultural Heritage Indicator and the Terraphilia model. Data were gathered through asset and community identification mapping, field surveys, and community interactions. The data collected includes both permanent cultural materials (spatial fixes) and new elements that add to Sumberawan Temple’s cultural landscape (spatial flows). The map was created using ArcGIS, and the data was compiled on it. The results of the study show that Sumberawan Temple has a number of assets where spatial fixes and spatial flows have formed a cultural landscape that supports its function as a ‘angel’s paradise garden’ as well as water resource preservation. The element of spatial flows shows the strengthening of the recreative function. The preparation of eco-cultural mapping also increases public awareness and stakeholders of the ecological and cultural assets of Sumberawan Temple.
Exploring Green Libraries Innovation toward Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Putra D D
Published: January 2025

This study explored green library innovations in Indonesia and their contributions to environmental sustainability. Through a systematic literature review, the research identified and analyzed key practices that had been implemented, as well as the challenges faced in promoting sustainable library models. The review highlighted three significant areas of innovation: climate-responsive and locally adapted architectural designs, the use of advanced technologies for energy efficiency and user comfort, and holistic, participatory approaches that engaged communities in sustainable practices. The findings indicated that, while progress had been made, there remained a pressing need for stronger policy frameworks, increased funding, and enhanced public awareness to fully realize the potential of green libraries in supporting environmental conservation. This study provided valuable insights into the role of libraries in addressing global sustainability challenges and offered recommendations for future development in the Indonesian context. The research not only contributed to the growing body of literature on green libraries but also served as a foundational resource for future studies in sustainability and library science.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation Activity of Methyl Violet Dyes Utilizing TiO2/Natural Zeolite Composite
Authors: Ulya L H , Setiawan A P , Setyaputra I A E , Maghfiroh
Published: January 2025

For boosting the degradation activity of methyl violet employing photocatalyst, titanium dioxide modified by natural zeolite (TNZ) was successfully produced by sonication method. TiO2 is a photocatalyst that can be used to degrade methyl violet. TNZ was characterized using XRD to determine crystal structure, XRF to determine the elemental composition, and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis/DRS to determine band gap energy and absorbance in the long wavelength region. Furthermore, TNZ was examined its photodegradation activity, including the effect of irradiation time, optimum catalyst mass, and optimum dye concentration for dye degradation. The XRD characterization results show that TiO2 has an anatase phase, zeolite has a modernite phase. The XRF results indicate that some impurities in zeolite have been successfully removed after the activation process. Ti content in TNZ is 63.64%. Natural zeolite can decrease the band gap of TiO2 from 3.31 eV to 3.29 eV. The optimum time for the photodegradation process is found to be 150 minutes with a degradation percentage of 98.27%. The optimum catalyst mass for the photodegradation process is 20 mg with a degradation percentage of 99.47%. The optimum dye concentration for the photodegradation process is 10 ppm with a degradation percentage of 99.74%.
Optimization of Bagasse Fiber Mixture in the Manufacture of Precast Concrete Based on Pressure Test
Authors: Subaqin A , Gautama A G , Wismantara P P , Putra P E
Published: January 2025

The World Cement Association reported in 2024 that global demand for cement continues to rise, despite the material’s non-renewable nature and significant environmental impact, contributing to 8% of total CO₂ emissions. This research explores the use of bagasse fiber as a partial substitute for cement in concrete production to reduce cement consumption, produce eco-friendly concrete, and repurpose sugar industry waste. The study aims to determine the optimal composition of bagasse fiber in precast concrete by evaluating compressive strength. Using a quantitative, experimental method, 30 concrete samples with varying bagasse fiber content—0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 30%—were tested for compressive strength, with six samples per variation. Bagasse fiber content was the independent variable, while compressive strength was the dependent variable, measured in accordance with SNI-7394-2008 standards. Results indicated that increasing bagasse fiber content decreased concrete compressive strength. Samples with 30% bagasse fiber achieved 0.62 MPa at 14 days and 0.91 MPa at 28 days, meeting the criteria for lightweight, low-strength concrete (0.35-7.00 MPa) suitable for heat-retaining walls. This study contributes to sustainable construction by reducing bagasse waste and promoting accessible, eco-friendly concrete production for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Hydrogel Extract Combination of Centella asiatica and Moringa oleifera using Simplex Lattice Design Method
Authors: Muchtaromah B , Majid A F , Aqila H , Hayati A , Rehan M M
Published: January 2025

This research aims to develop an optimal hydrogel formula using Design Expert 13.0 and the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The hydrogel combines Centella asiatica and Moringa oleifera extracts with carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and triethanolamine (TEA) as an alkalizer. Hydrogels were chosen due to their ease of use, cooling effect, and superior biocompatibility compared to other topical formulations like ointments or creams. The study focused on optimizing the formula to meet Indonesian National Standards (SNI). After eight hydrogel formula trials using the SLD method, physical evaluations were conducted, including organoleptic tests, pH measurements, spreadability, and viscosity tests. The optimal formula contained 0.6% Carbopol and 0.4% TEA, validated with three replications. The hydrogel exhibited a deep green color, a distinctive extract aroma, and a thick texture, meeting SNI standards with an average pH of 7.1±0.29, spreadability of 5.7±0.21 cm, and viscosity of 20,080±0.35 cPs. Stability tests confirmed its quality after cycling and centrifugal evaluations. This study promotes sustainable and eco-friendly practices by utilizing natural extracts, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals, and contributing to environmentally conscious topical drug innovations. The development of such hydrogels aligns with sustainability goals, offering biodegradable and safe formulations that minimize environmental impact.
Valosin-containing protein p97 extracts capping protein CP110 from the mother centriole to promote ciliogenesis
Authors: Dewanji Rahit , Naslavsky Naava , Caplan Steve
Published: January 2025

The primary cilium is a crucial signaling organelle that can be generated by most human cells, and impediments to primary ciliogenesis lead to a variety of developmental disorders known as ciliopathies. The removal of the capping protein, CP110, from the mother centriole is a key early step that promotes generation of the ciliary vesicle and ciliogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that CP110 undergoes polyubiquitination and degradation in the proteosome, but the mechanisms of unfolding and removal from the mother centriole remain unknown. Herein we demonstrate that p97/Valosin-containing protein (VCP or Cdc48), a member of the ATPase Associated with diverse Activities (AAA) protein family, is responsible for removal of CP110 from the mother centriole. We show that use of p97 knockdown or inhibition impairs ciliogenesis, in a mechanism dependent on CP110. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for p97 in the process of primary ciliogenesis, and support a mechanism by which ubiquitinated CP110 is degraded in a process that requires p97-mediated unfolding and removal from the mother centriole.
Sciences (in)Action
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: January 2025

After positing the conditions for applying disciplinary science to problems that cross disciplines, this chapter illustrates those conditions with examples of one application that was a success and one that was a failure. The former is the time- and politics-stressed development of an ethical and practical national policy (in the US) for allocating COVID-19 vaccine, before it was even known when, or if, a vaccine would be found. The latter is the collapse of an effort (in the US) to incorporate management science as a core climate science discipline, forty-plus years ago. The chapter analyses the sources of these experiences, and how the world and the disciplines might have been different had those outcomes been different. It proposes five factors that determine the success (or failure) of such ventures. It also proposes that management science, broadly defined, could play a leadership role in satisfying them. In that vision, decision science provides one essential component, bridging analytical and behavioral approaches to problem solving.
Management Science as a Bonding Discipline
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: January 2025

A natural arc for new disciplines is to begin as novel collaborations, filling gaps in the research world, followed by a period of consolidation that gradually isolates them in a boundedly rational world of their own creation. This chapter illustrates that arc with behavioral decision research. It tracks how the field was incompletely absorbed by psychology (which does not have its analytical perspectives) and economics (which does not have its behavioral expertise). The chapter argues that schools of management science are the natural home for behavioral decision research, where it can avoid isolation and provide a platform for those schools to realize the strategy for bonding bounded disciplines. It discusses the internal incentives that those schools must provide, in rewarding faculty, and the external incentives that they need, in terms of research funding and student enrolments. It concludes by arguing that the state of the world and academia make the strategy an urgent and attractive option.
Modernist Poetics of Ageing
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

This book explores a ‘poetics of ageing’ in the creative, biographical, and archival materials of H.D. (1886–1961), Mina Loy (1882–1966), and Djuna Barnes (1892–1982). A ‘poetics of ageing’ indicates the ongoing inner creative life of older people, by which we all actively ‘grow’ (rather than passively ‘get’) older. Using this definition, the book offers a new approach to the late works of each author as they ‘report back’ on their experiences of ageing through poetry, prose, visual art, and photography. After fulfilling their role as the youthful modern woman of the 1920s, H.D., Loy, and Barnes continued to create rich, avant-garde works that go well beyond the paradigms of late modernism. I focus on the late reception of each author, as well as thematic representations of ageing in their work, to examine the tensions of ageing against the backdrop of the latter half of the twentieth century. Pairing cultural gerontology with modernist studies provides a conceptual vocabulary to consider works written about and in later life, allowing this book to approach ageing as an embodied experience using material cultures to expand on each authors’ late lives. By surveying life writing, archives, and publication history, the book attends to the intersection of old age as lived and as well as written to argue that modernist late writing embodies the realities of ageing and transforms them through avant-garde aesthetics.
Semblans: automated assembly and processing of RNA-seq data
Authors: Woodcock-Girard Miles D , Bretz Eric C , Robertson Holly M , Ramanauskas Karolis , Hampton-Marcell Jarrad T , Walker Joseph F
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Recent advancements in parallel sequencing methods have precipitated a surge in publicly available short-read sequence data. This has encouraged the development of novel computational tools for the de novo assembly of transcriptomes from RNA-seq data. Despite the availability of these tools, performing an end-to-end transcriptome assembly remains a programmatically involved task necessitating familiarity with best practices. Aside from quality control steps, including error correction, adapter trimming, and chimera filtration needing to be correctly used, moving data between programs often requires manual reformatting or restructuring, which can further impede throughput. Here, we introduce Semblans, a tool for streamlining the assembly process that efficiently and consistently produces high-quality transcriptome assemblies.

Results

Semblans abstracts the key quality control, reconstitution, and postprocessing steps of transcriptome assembly from raw short-read sequences to annotated coding sequences. Evaluating its performance against previously assembled transcriptomes on the basis of assembly quality, we find that Semblans produced higher quality assemblies for 98 of the 101 short-read runs tested.

Availability and implementation

Semblans is written in C++ and runs on Unix-compliant operating systems. Source code, documentation, and compiled binaries are hosted under the GNU General Public License at https://github.com/gladshire/Semblans.
Maximizing Energy Savings in Smart Homes through Artificial Neural Network Based Artificial Intelligence Solutions
Authors: Alayed Walaa , Akhtar Aamir , ul Hassan Waqar , Zeeshan Ahmed
Published: January 2025

In designing a modern home with focus on comfort of resident and energy usage optimization simultaneously, the rise of the Internet of Things and incorporation with sensors technology plays a vital role these days. The first and foremost task is to predict the energy consumption in based on available data. This study investigates the integration of artificial neural networks in smart home technology to improve energy usage prediction and efficiency, with compromising the comfort of occupant. A dynamic model based on an artificial neural network model is designed in this study which artificially controls light, heating process and cooling to cut down energy wastage. Data from 114 single-family apartments for energy consumption is collected from year 2014 to 2016. Energy consumption is predicted by current model with an accuracy of up to 99.9% for energy usage patterns. Which helps to optimizing resource management in real time. A robust modeling approach i.e. multi-layer perceptron networks was implemented along with energy usage data. 70% of data is used for training the neural networks and rest for testing and validation purpose. The current defined model shows a significant improvement in prediction accuracy of energy usage and efficiency when compared to state-of-the-art models. Metrics such as R-values and mean square error are employed to check accuracy. These results show the essential role of artificial intelligence in improving energy management for smart buildings, with potential benefits including significant energy usage and loss management to help improve sustainable living.
News, diplomacy and the 1655 Piedmont massacre in Cromwellian England
Authors: Greenspan Nicole
Published: January 2025

This study advances a microhistory of news of the 1655 massacre of the Waldenses at Piedmont. The breadth and volume of source materials afford a rich opportunity to trace the composition, circulation, alteration and impact of news. It also enables close examination of the exercise of public diplomacy. As subjects of the duke of Savoy, the Waldenses did not have their own formal diplomatic capacity, instead utilizing informal networks of agents and supporters. The Protectorate government leveraged publicity of the massacre to pressure France to intervene on the Waldenses’ behalf and manage the pace and timing of Anglo-French diplomatic negotiations.
Host-seeking and exophilic-endophilic activities of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with notes on two trapping methods
Authors: Maitra Mazumdar Shuddhasattwa , Banerjee Nabanita , Mondal Biswajit , Pal Arjun , Kar Surajit , Harsha Rupa , Mazumdar Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Host-seeking behavior of Culicoides species was examined from 2018 to 2019 in West Bengal, India, which elucidated diel activity, feeding success, attack rate, biting rate, and preferential landing of adult Culicoides on the cattle. A comparative assessment was done between the light trap and the aspirator. The host-seeking experiment involved a substantial timeframe of 297 h of catch collections over 27 nights. The number of adult Culicoides captured in the light trap was 1.3 times higher than the aspirator collections. The species in light trap catch were Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer, and Culicoides fulvus Sen and Das Gupta (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). However, only C. oxystoma and C. peregrinus were collected using the aspirator. The findings related to feeding success, attack rate, and biting rate carried significant implications for the vectorial potential of C. oxystoma and C. peregrinus. The light trap data suggest that Culicoides species displayed crepuscular behavior, while the aspirator collections peaked 1 h before sunrise, between 04:00 and 05:00 h, and gradually declined. A separate study evaluated the exophily and endophily of Culicoides in 2016 at Memari in West Bengal. To delve into the indoor–outdoor activity, 264 trap collections were made in 4 combinations: Light trap operated in the presence and absence of cattle, placed outdoors and indoors. The study revealed that the outdoor prevalence of midges was 14 times higher than the indoor. There was a 6-time increase in the prevalence of adult Culicoides in the presence of cattle, indicating a preference for outdoor locations for feeding.
Characterizing Parental and Provider Beliefs on Antimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing Practices: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Hamilton Shannon , Schneider Jack G , Boyd LaKeisha , Enane Leslie , Wood James B
Published: January 2025

Corresponding Author: Shannon Hamilton, DO. Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Email: shhami@iu.edu

Abbreviations: primary care center (PCC),

Sources of funds: This work was supported by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Health Disparities Fellowship funded by Sanofi Pasteur.

No conflict of interest

Background

There are few studies investigating the drivers of health disparities in pediatric antimicrobial prescription. The purpose of this study is to assess baseline knowledge, parental expectations and provider bias in relationship to antimicrobial prescription and resistance.

Methods

This is an anonymous, voluntary exploratory survey of parents of pediatric patients at a primary care center (PCC) and healthcare providers at a pediatric emergency department and PCC in Indianapolis, IN between April and June 2023. Parents were enrolled in the waiting room of the PCC and completed a paper survey. Providers completed a unique, electronically delivered survey. The survey collected demographic/ socioeconomic data and information on knowledge/expectations of antibiotic use and resistance.

Results

A total of 100 parents and 54 providers participated. Overall, parents disagreed that a doctor’s decision to prescribe antibiotics could be influenced by bias based on race/ethnicity or a family’s level of income (74.4% and 75.9%, respectively). Over 80% had heard the term “antibiotic resistance” and 54.9% agreed that it is a “big problem.” In multivariable analyses controlling for age and place of birth, parents born in the United States were less likely to agree with being worried about the impact of antibiotic resistance on personal/family’s health (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03, 0.41, p=0.001).

For physician respondents, about 85% agreed that antimicrobial resistance is a significant problem for children in their community while only about 52% agreed that there are disparities in antibiotic prescribing across racial/ethnic groups and income levels. Eighty-seven percent of physicians agreed that parental expectations to receive an antibiotic may influence provider decision-making.

Conclusions

This exploratory survey revealed that most parents and providers were not concerned about disparate antimicrobial prescription practices, while most parents had heard of the term antimicrobial resistance and most providers agreed it is a significant problem. Larger studies are needed to further investigate the role of provider bias and parental perception in antimicrobial prescription and resistance.
Bacterial versus Viral Score Test: Evaluating potential for antibiotic stewardship in pediatrics
Authors: Niles Denver T , Binns Heather C , Chokkalla Anil K , Devaraj Sridevi
Published: January 2025

Corresponding author contact: Denver T. Niles, M.D., 832-824-1873, dxniles@texaschildrens.org, 6621 Fannin St, Mc Wb 1100, Houston, TX 77030

Alternate corresponding author contact: Sridevi Devaraj, Ph.D., 832-826-1717, sxdevara@texaschildrens.org, 6621 Fannin Street, West Tower B110.06, Houston, TX 77030

No conflicts of interest.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from the electronic medical records of pediatric patients who received a BVT. For each patient, we extracted the following information: demographics, clinical presentation, microbiology test results, ancillary inflammatory markers (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte counts), and the course of antibiotics received. An infectious disease specialist, in collaboration with a clinical chemist, adjudicated the infectious etiology (viral or bacterial) for each patient using clinical parameters, microbiology results, and radiological findings. Finally, we analyzed antibiotic use patterns among patients with a BVT indicating a viral infection, comparing it to the adjudicated diagnosis.

Results

Our study cohort included 38 pediatric patients. Of these, 17 received a viral score, 7 an equivocal score, and 14 a bacterial score. Among those with a viral score, clinical adjudication confirmed a viral etiology in 15 patients (88.2%), while 2 were adjudicated as bacterial. Excluding equivocal scores, the BVT demonstrated a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 88%, and negative predictive value of 86% for viral infections. Notably, despite having both a viral score and adjudicated viral etiology, 53% of patients (9/17) still received a complete course of antibiotics.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the BVT demonstrates good sensitivity and high positive predictive value for identifying viral infections in our pediatric cohort. This suggests its potential as a valuable tool to guide clinical decision-making and promote antibiotic stewardship. Even when the BVT indicated a viral infection, a significant proportion of patients received unnecessary antibiotics. Further studies are needed to explore how the BVT can be best integrated into clinical practice to optimize antibiotic use and improve patient outcomes.
Impact of vaginoplasty on sexual health and satisfaction in transgender women
Authors: Kitic Alexandre , Pozzo Victor , Kitic Nicolas , Atlan Michael , Rausky Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Background

Demand for gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is rising. The main objective of this surgery is the creation of a perineo-genital complex that appears and functions as femininely as possible, with a sensitive clitoris and a vagina capable of receptive intercourse. Penile skin inversion is currently regarded as the gold standard technique. Although previous research indicates positive subjective outcomes following GAS procedures in transgender women, comprehensive data concerning their sexual satisfaction and health remains limited.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of vaginoplasty on sexual health and satisfaction in transgender women using the penile inversion technique.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study on 56 patients who underwent primary penile skin inversion vaginoplasty. The survey was made of two validated questionnaires in cis-women (Female Genital Self-Image Scale and Female Sexual Function Index) and one custom questionnaire, which explored various aspects of sexual health and satisfaction.

Outcomes

Improvement in overall sexual life and satisfaction.

Results

Mean FGSIS score was 22.8 and mean FSFI score was 22.1. Sexual health after vaginoplasty was significantly improved. Around 70% (n = 39) of patients rated their post-operative self-confidence >7/10. Furthermore, 82% of our patients reported orgasm after vaginoplasty. Clitoral stimulation emerged as the primary method for achieving sexual arousal post-surgery. Upon asking: “Would you decide to have vaginoplasty again today? ”, 93% patients answered “agreed or totally agreed”.

Clinical implication

Using patient-reported data, these findings highlight the importance of vaginoplasty within multidisciplinary gender transition processes and its efficacy in perceived sexual health.

Limitations

Limitations of this study include reliance on patient-reported outcomes prone to recall bias and the use of non-validated questionnaires.

Conclusion

This study underscores the positive impacts of penile inversion vaginoplasty on sexual health, satisfaction, and functional outcomes, supported by patient-reported data; further studies will be necessary to provide questionnaires validated in transwomen.
Assessing the influence of recurrent urinary tract infections on sexual function: a case–control study
Authors: Medina-Polo José , Guntiñas-Castillo Alicia , Arrébola-Pajares Ana , Juste-Álvarez Silvia , de la Calle-Moreno Ana , Romero-Otero Javier , Rodríguez-Antolín Alfredo
Published: January 2025

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) significantly impact quality of life and can also lead to changes in sexual function.

Aim

This study aims to assess the symptoms associated with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) and their influence on both quality of life and sexual activity.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted, involving 383 patients with rUTIs and 161 healthy controls. The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires were utilized, with all surveys completed online through Google Forms.

Outcomes

The ACSS and FSFI were collected using online surveys designed through Google Forms.

Results

A higher prevalence of constipation was observed in the rUTI group compared to controls (37.6% vs 31.7%). rUTIs caused moderate to severe interference with work activities in 55.5% of cases, while 59% reported interference with social life. Sexual life assessment revealed that all FSFI domains were significantly affected in patients with rUTIs. Sexual desire was rated as low or very low in 61.9% of rUTI cases compared to 48.1% of controls (P < .001). Additionally, 35.3% of rUTI patients reported low or very low confidence in becoming sexually aroused, compared to 7.5% of controls (P < .001). Difficulty reaching orgasm was reported by 29.6% of rUTI patients versus 20.7% of controls (P < .001). Pain or discomfort following vaginal penetration was reported more than half the time by 43.9% of rUTI patients, compared to 19.6% of controls (P < .001). Dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse was noted in 53.6% of rUTI patients versus 15.8% of controls (P < .001).

Clinical Implications

The assessment of sexual health should be integrated into the management of patients with rUTIs. Interventions targeting UTI management must also address strategies to improve sexual function and satisfaction.

Strengths and Limitations

This study provides insight into the impact of rUTIs on sexual function across both pre- and post-menopausal women, allowing for an evaluation of how sexual perceptions evolve with age. However, the study's limitations include the lack of assessment of sexual practices, which may influence the risk of rUTIs and affect FSFI results.

Conclusions

Women with rUTIs report significantly lower sexual satisfaction and higher rates of sexual dysfunction. It is essential to evaluate the sexual function of patients with rUTIs, and management strategies must consider ways to improve sexual health as part of the overall treatment plan.
Comparison of the effectiveness of 2 shockwave therapy protocols for the treatment of vascular erectile dysfunction: a randomized, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority, phase 4 clinical trial
Authors: Corredor Hector A , Sandoval-Salinas Carolina , Martinez Juan M , Barba Jorge , Patrón Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background

Shockwave therapy is an optional adjuvant treatment for vascular erectile dysfunction (ED). There is variability in treatment protocols and challenges with patients adherence to the weekly protocol, which is the most commonly used.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the noninferiority of a monthly shockwave therapy protocol compared to the weekly protocol for treating vascular ED.

Methods

A randomized, open-label, control active, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 184 men diagnosed with vascular ED, without comorbid conditions associated with secondary dysfunction or active treatment for ED, were included across 5 clinics in Mexico and Colombia. Patients were randomized to receive either 6 sessions of weekly or monthly shockwave therapy, applying the same parameters for both groups.

Outcomes

The primary outcome was the change in the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EF) Questionnaire score at 24 weeks after treatment, assessed using a noninferiority approach. Secondary outcomes included clinical improvement, erection hardness, and self-esteem (SEAR Questionnaire) at posttreatment, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of follow-up.

Results

At 24-week posttreatment, the average change in IIEF-EF was 1.93 (± 6.55; 95% CI 0.49-3.38) in the weekly group and 4.30 (± 6.78; 95% CI 2.69-5.9) in the monthly group, demonstrating noninferiority of the monthly protocol (difference −2.36; 95% CI −4.4 to −0.2; noninferiority P < .0001). At the end of treatment, clinical improvement was achieved by 55.2% of participants in the monthly protocol and 30.9% in the weekly (P = .042). No significant differences were found in other outcomes.

Clinical Implications

A 6-session monthly shockwave therapy regimen could improve erectile function in men with ED.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the largest clinical trial to date evaluating shockwave therapy regimens for ED. The principal limitations were the absence of objective vascular assessment of the changes produced by shockwaves, and the absence of a placebo control group.

Conclusion

A monthly protocol of 6 shockwave therapy sessions is noninferior to a weekly protocol up to 6 months after therapy, in men with vascular ED.
The Immunopeptidomic Landscape of Ependymomas Provides Actionable Antigens for T Cell-Based Immunotherapy
Authors: Mühlenbruch Lena , Rieger David , Becker Hannes , Santos Leite Ana Maia , Mäurer Irina , Schittenhelm Jens , Dubbelaar Marissa , Bichmann Leon , Kohlbacher Oliver , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Tatagiba Marcos , Walz Juliane S , Tabatabai Ghazaleh
Published: January 2025

Background

Ependymoma are primary tumors of the nervous system. Due to their growth pattern, many ependymomas can be managed with neurosurgical resection alone. A substantial proportion of these tumors recurs or displays infiltrative growth patterns. Further established therapeutic options include radiation therapy. Systemic treatment options include platinum-based therapeutic regimes or a combination of lapatinib and temozolomide. Peptide-based immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy relying on the induction of tumor-specific T cells targeting human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-presented peptides. Our work aimed to analyze the landscape of naturally presented HLA class I and II ligands of primary ependymomas (EPN) to delineate EPN-associated antigens.

Methods

We investigated 22 EPN tissue samples using a comparative mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomic approach. Additionally, EPN-specific antigens were functionally characterized in T cell-based immunogenicity assays.

Results

We discovered a subset of EPN-exclusive peptides including HLA-A*02 and HLA-A*25/HLA-A*26–restricted HLA ligands and identified a small panel of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs)-derived HLA ligands. Furthermore, we outlined immunopeptidomic alterations in different ependymoma subgroups and progressive ependymoma. Subsequently, we performed functional characterization of the previously identified HLA-A*02:01 restricted peptide FLDS to demonstrate immunogenicity in vitro.

Conclusion

The immunopeptidome landscape of EPNs provides actionable targets that could further be explored as a T-cell-based immunotherapeutic strategy in this tumor entity.
Identification of fibrosis-related genes and biomarkers in diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Deng Wenjia , Cui Lingang , Li Teng , Meng Qingjun , Sun Taotao , Yuan Penghui
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) has a high incidence and is poorly treated.

Aim

This study investigates fibrosis’s genetic profiling and explores potential mechanisms for DMED.

Methods

The DMED model was constructed in rats using streptozotocin. Erectile function was quantified using cavernous nerve electrostimulation. Fibrosis was evaluated using Masson’s staining. RNA-seq was employed to analyze differentially expressed genes and fibrosis-related genes (FRGs) were acquired. Function enrichment analyses were performed, and genetic interaction was analyzed. Hub FRGs were screened using machine learning algorithms and Cytoscape tools and validated in Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Moreover, biological roles and subpopulation distribution of hub FRGs were determined.

Outcomes

Fibrosis–related genetic functions may play a vital role in DMED.

Results

Based on comprehensive analysis, 45 differentially expressed FRGs were identified. These genes participate in regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation, vasoconstriction, and collagen-associated activities. Final analyses identified and validated a core gene signature comprising TIMP1, BMP7, and POSTN. They were closely associated with diabetic complications-related signaling pathways and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction.

Clinical Translation

The identified fibrosis-related gene signature may serve as the novel biomarkers for treating DMED.

Strengths and Limitations

The study is the first to investigate the genetic profiles behind fibrosis and DMED using comprehensive approaches. However, the validation is not adequate and more animal experiments are needed.

Conclusion

The gene profiling and biological functions of FRGs in DMED were identified. These results broaden the understanding of fibrosis in DMED.
Physicochemical characterization and 16S rRNA analysis of a direct-fed microbial from calf ruminal fluid and its protective effect on Sprague–Dawley rat gut barrier function
Authors: Gómez-Velázquez Haiku D J , González-Dávalos Laura , de los Ríos Erika A , Figueroa-Cárdenas Juan de Dios , Vázquez-Durán Alma , Méndez-Albores Abraham , Shimada Armando , Mora Ofelia
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and microbiota composition of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) and evaluate its protective effect on intestinal permeability in Sprague-Dawley rats using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) as a biomarker. The DFM was further characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and cell surface hydrophobicity (MATH assay). The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using short-read sequencing. In general, the DFM exhibited the characteristic FTIR bands associated with probiotic cells with a protein/carbohydrate ratio of 1.3:1. It was also found from the DLS analysis that the average particle size and surface electrical potential of the probiotic cells were 1,062 ± 77 nm and -32.6 ± 3.7 mV, respectively. ESEM studies confirmed the size of the cells (1,010-1,060 nm), showing a quasi-spherical cocci-type morphology, whereas EDS spectroscopy revealed a higher Nitrogen/Carbone ratio on the cell surface. Moreover, the MATH assay showed the hydrophobic character of the DFM (92 % adhesion). Furthermore, based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, the predominant genus in the DFM was Streptococcus (99 %). Regarding the protective effect on the gut barrier, animals supplemented with 1011 CFU/mL exhibited a significantly reduced intestinal permeability compared with the control group. DFM supplementation also increased villi and crypt dimensions and Goblet cells (P < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum. These results demonstrate that the DFM presented adequate surface and colloidal properties that help maintain the functionality of the gut barrier.
Comparison of Intubating Conditions Between Direct Laryngoscopy and C-MAC Video-laryngoscopy in Patients With Simulated Cervical Spine Immobilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pathak Sharmishtha , Kumar Niraj , Purohit Aanchal , Bindra Ashish , Bandyopadhyay Anjishnujit
Published: January 2025

Intubation of patients requiring cervical spine immobilization can be challenging. Recently, the use of C-MAC video laryngoscopes (VL) has increased in popularity over direct laryngoscopy (DL). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of C-MAC VL as compared with DL for intubation in C-spine immobilized patients. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Time taken to intubate was the primary outcome whereas the use of optimization maneuvers, laryngoscopy view, first-pass success rates, and difficulty of intubation were secondary outcomes. Seven trials involving 490 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of time taken to intubate, standardized mean difference 0.65 (95% CI, −2.55, 3.86). The certainty of evidence for the primary outcome, time taken to intubate, was low, with high heterogeneity (I2=97%). The C-MAC VL group had higher first-pass success rates (odds ratio 2.92 [95% CI, 1.14, 7.49]) and a lower incidence of a poor laryngoscopy view (odds ratio 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07, 0.66]). There was no difference in terms of the difficulty of intubation and the use of optimization maneuvers. Overall, C-MAC VL did not reduce the time taken to intubate, although the strength of this finding is limited by wide confidence intervals. C-MAC VL significantly improved laryngoscopy views and first-pass success rate as compared with DL.
Was the ultrasound examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip performed correctly? Introduction of a rapid training tool for nonexpert practitioners
Authors: Lampasi Manuele , Lucchesi Giovanni , Bettuzzi Camila , Bonforte Salvatore , Canavese Federico
Published: January 2025

Pediatricians and general practitioners are involved in the newborn screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip. They often rely on the quality of the ultrasound (US) examination to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Therefore, the professional must be able to assess its quality. The aim of our work is to present a new system to evaluate the quality of a neonatal hip US and to assess the effectiveness and reproducibility of this tool among professionals involved in the evaluation of the neonatal hip but not experts in the radiological examination of hip US. In a 15-min training session, 135 professionals involved in neonatal hip US screening with limited or no experience in evaluating the quality of hip US were taught to recognize the basic landmarks of hip US using evocative descriptions (Christmas ball) despite the technical terms. Before and after training, participants were given a test of 10 hip US images presented in random order and asked to identify incorrect images. One hundred thirty-five physicians participated in the study. In the first and second evaluation, participants answered 1.46 ± 2.49 and 8.64 ± 1.51 questions correctly on average (P < 0.05); analysis of the individual questions showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) for all questions. A simple and relatively quick training tool can help professionals with little or no experience in interpreting neonatal hip US to understand when a hip US exam has been performed incorrectly and improve their diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Level of evidence: III.
Intramalleolar triplane ankle fractures in adolescents
Authors: Faggion Heloisa Z. , Masquijo Javier , Valenza Weverley R. , Soni Jamil F. , Lange Gabriel J. S.
Published: January 2025

This article aims to describe a multicenter cohort of atypical triplane ankle fractures with intramalleolar involvement of the epiphysis, providing insights into the affected population, treatment outcomes, and complications. In addition, we propose a treatment strategy for such fractures based on our findings. A retrospective analysis was conducted on adolescent patients diagnosed with triplane ankle fractures. Data from three participating centers in Brazil and Argentina were collected and analyzed. Treatment strategies, including surgical and nonsurgical approaches, were evaluated. Clinical outcomes such as pain levels, functional scores (AOFAS), and return to normal activities were assessed. Radiographic evaluations were performed to evaluate fracture healing and alignment. Data were collected from seven patients with an average age of 13 years. The sample consisted predominantly of male patients (6/7), with the left side affected (6/7) and Shin type 3 fractures. Two cases were treated conservatively, with consolidation within the expected period without subsequent displacements or negative functional repercussions (AOFAS score, 100). In surgical cases, starting fixation from the metaphysis made it possible to avoid fixation of the epiphyseal fragment in all cases, except one. All surgically treated cases had consolidation within the expected time, without subsequent deviations or complications. This multicenter evaluation offers valuable insights into the presentation of fractures, diverse treatment approaches employed, and their respective clinical and radiographic outcomes. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these findings and to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines for this specific fracture pattern in the adolescent population.
Revolutionizing Cardiac Care: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Heart Failure Management
Authors: Fareed Areeba , Vaid Rayyan , Moradeyo Abdulrahmon , Sohail Afra , Sarwar Ayesha , Khalid Aashar
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of heart failure (HF). AI models have demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing healthy individuals from those at risk of congestive HF by analyzing heart rate variability data. In addition, AI clinical decision support systems exhibit high concordance rates with HF experts, enhancing diagnostic precision. For HF with reduced as well as preserved ejection fraction, AI-powered algorithms help detect subtle irregularities in electrocardiograms and other related predictors. AI also aids in predicting HF risk in diabetic patients, using complex data patterns to enhance understanding and management. Moreover, AI technologies help forecast HF-related hospital admissions, enabling timely interventions to reduce readmission rates and improve patient outcomes. Continued innovation and research are crucial to address challenges related to data privacy and ethical considerations and ensure responsible implementation in healthcare.