bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An RF hyperthermia electrode which generates no edge effect
Authors: Uchida N. , Moriyama M. , Kawaguchi A. , Yokokawa M. , Ikeda S. , Kitagaki H. , Kato H.
Published: August 2020

e22229

Background: For local hyperthermia cancer therapy, radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating with a pair of electrodes is one of the most effective methods. RF hyperthermia with a conventional 2-dimensional square plate electrode produces an ‘edge effect‘ - the focusing of the RF current resulting in focal overheating. We designed and propose a novel hemispherical-shaped RF capacitive heating electrode that generates no edge effect. Methods: A CAD simulation (COMSOL Multiphysics 3.4) was done, and current and specific absorbance ratio (SAR) distributions of both the hemispherical and the conventional square plate shape electrodes were obtained by a 3-D finite element method. Results: The hemispherical electrode generated no focusing of current distribution, nor overheating with SAR elevation, while the square plate electrode produced an edge effect with local SAR elevation. Conclusions: The hemispherical electrode showed no edge effect from focal overheating. Our new electrode may be useful for local heating in the oral or vaginal cavity in clinical use. Phantom studies with a prototype electrode should be carried out for further confirmation.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Randomized multicenter phase III trial comparing two neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) regimens (RT45-Cap versus RT50-Capox) in patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): Results of the ACCORD 12/0405 PRODIGE 2
Authors: Gerard J. , Azria D. , Gourgou-Bourgade S. , Martel-Laffay I. , Hennequin C. , Etienne P. , Vendrely V. , Conroy T. , Francois E. , Montoto-Grillot C.
Published: August 2020

LBA4007

The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II)
Authors: James R. , Wan S. , Glynne-Jones R. , Sebag-Montefiore D. , Kadalayil L. , Northover J. , Cunningham D. , Meadows H. , Ledermann J. ,   National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) ACT II Trial Management Group
Published: August 2020

LBA4009

The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[Table: see text]
Bevacizumab plus interferon-alpha versus interferon-alpha monotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results of overall survival for CALGB 90206
Authors: Rini B. I. , Halabi S. , Rosenberg J. , Stadler W. M. , Vaena D. A. , Atkins J. N. , Picus J. , Czaykowski P. , Dutcher J. , Small E. J.
Published: August 2020

LBA5019

The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[Table: see text]
First results of a phase III multicenter randomized controlled trial of intensity modulated (IMRT) versus conventional radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck cancer (PARSPORT: ISRCTN48243537)
Authors: Nutting C. , A'Hern R. , Rogers M. S. , Sydenham M. A. , Adab F. , Harrington K. , Jefferies S. , Scrase C. , Yap B. K. , Hall E. ,   on behalf of the PARSPORT Trial Management Group
Published: August 2020

LBA6006

The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[Table: see text]
Sex Hormone Relations to Histologic Severity of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mueller Noel T , Liu Tiange , Mitchel Elana B , Yates Katherine P , Suzuki Ayako , Behling Cynthia , Lavine Joel E
Published: August 2020

Context

Sex hormones have been linked with presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults, but it is unknown if they affect severity of pediatric NAFLD.

Objective

To examine associations of circulating SHBG, estrogens, and androgens with key histologic features of pediatric, biopsy-confirmed NAFLD.

Design

Baseline assessment of longitudinal cohorts and randomized clinical trials.

Setting

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network.

Patients

Children and adolescents ≤18 years with liver biopsy-confirmed NAFLD in the United States.

Main Outcome Measures

We assayed SHBG, estrone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), androstenedione, and testosterone in relation to grade/stage of steatosis, portal inflammation, hepatic ballooning, fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) severity using linear regression.

Results

Mean age of 573 children at the time of biopsy was 13.1 years (SD 2.8). Lower SHBG was inversely associated with steatosis severity in boys and girls (P = 0.001), and with portal inflammation in girls only (P for sex interaction <0.001). Higher testosterone was related to improved features of steatosis and fibrosis (P for sex interaction = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively) in boys, but detrimental in girls. In boys and girls, higher estrone, estradiol, and testosterone were associated with lower portal inflammation grade; higher estradiol was positively associated with hepatic ballooning severity; DHEAS was inversely associated with hepatic ballooning and NASH severity (all P < 0.05). Androstenedione was not associated with NAFLD features.

Conclusions

Largely consistent with findings in adults, sex hormones are associated with distinct histologic features of NAFLD in children and adolescents. These hormone levels relate to differences with gender and pubertal change.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Estimated Insulin Resistance in Obese Youth: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Morandi Anita , Di Sessa Anna , Zusi Chiara , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , El Mazloum Dania , Fornari Elena , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Targher Giovanni , Maffeis Claudio
Published: August 2020

Context

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and predicts type 2 diabetes. Currently, it is uncertain whether NAFLD may directly cause IR or vice versa.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that NAFLD is causally related to IR.

Design and Methods

We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) in 904 obese children/adolescents using an NAFLD-related genetic risk score (GRS) as an instrumental variable. We assessed NAFLD by ultrasonography and IR by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). We also interrogated the MAGIC Consortium dataset of 46 186 adults to assess the association between PNPLA3 rs738409 (ie, the most robust NAFLD-related polymorphism) and HOMA-IR, and we performed a 2-sample MR with 2 large datasets to test reverse causation (HOMA-IR increasing the risk of NAFLD).

Results

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence increased by 20% for every increase in the GRS (β-coefficient = 0.20, P < 0.001), and NAFLD was associated with ln-HOMA-IR (β-coefficient = 0.28, P < 0.001). Thus, the expected increase in ln-HOMA-IR for every increase in the GRS (expected β-coefficient) was 0.056 (0.28*0.20) in the case of complete NAFLD-HOMA-IR causal association, and 0.042 in the case of 75% causality. In our cohort, the GRS did not predict ln-HOMA-IR (β-coefficient = 0.007, P = 0.75). In the MAGIC cohort, the PNPLA3 rs738409 did not associate with ln-HOMA-IR. The 2-sample MR failed to show a causal association between ln-HOMA-IR and NAFLD.

Conclusions

Our study shows that genetically-influenced NAFLD does not increase HOMA-IR, and genetically-influenced HOMA-IR does not increase the risk of NAFLD. Shared pathogenic pathways or NAFLD subtypes not “captured” by our MR design might underpin the association between NAFLD and HOMA-IR.
Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Truncating PAX8 Mutations: A Case Series and Molecular Function Studies
Authors: Iwahashi-Odano Megumi , Nagasaki Keisuke , Fukami Maki , Nishioka Junko , Yatsuga Shuichi , Asakura Yumi , Adachi Masanori , Muroya Koji , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Narumi Satoshi
Published: August 2020

Context

PAX8 is a transcription factor required for thyroid development, and its mutation causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). More than 20 experimentally verified loss-of-function PAX8 mutations have been described, and all but one were located in the DNA-binding paired domain.

Objective

We report the identification and functional characterization of 3 novel truncating PAX8 mutations located outside the paired domain.

Methods

Three CH probands, diagnosed in the frame of newborn screening, had thyroid hypoplasia and were treated with levothyroxine. Next-generation sequencing-based mutation screening was performed. Functionality of the identified mutations were verified with Western blotting, intracellular localization assays, and transactivation assays with use of HeLa cells. Luciferase complementation assays were used to evaluate the effect of mutations on the interaction between PAX8 and its partner, NKX2-1.

Results

Each proband had novel truncating PAX8 mutations that were I160Sfs*52, Q213Efs*27, and F342Rfs*85. Western blotting showed destabilization of the I160fs-PAX8 protein. Q213fs-PAX8 and F342fs-PAX8 showed normal protein expression levels and normal nuclear localization, but showed loss of transactivation of the luciferase reporter. By luciferase complementation assays, we showed that PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction was defective in Q213fs-PAX8. We also characterized the recombinant PAX8 proteins, and found that the protein sequence corresponding to exon 10 (363-400 aa residues) was essential for the PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction.

Conclusions

Clinical and molecular findings of 3 novel truncating PAX8 mutations located outside the paired domain were reported. Experiments using cultured cells and recombinant proteins showed that the C-terminal portion (ie, 363-400 aa) of PAX8 is required for the PAX8-NKX2-1 interaction.
Clinical Adverse Events of High-Dose vs Low-Dose Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of 51 Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Shi Fang-Hong , Li Hao , Yue Jiang , Jiang Yi-Hong , Gu Zhi-Chun , Ma Jing , Lin Hou-Wen
Published: August 2020

Aims

The aims of this work are to assess the clinical adverse events (AEs) of high-dose vs low-dose sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2006 to March 10, 2020, for identifying eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported AEs by high-dose and low-dose SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients. Random-effects models was used to obtain summary relative risks (RRs) with associated 95% CIs. Prespecified subgroup analyses according to individual SGLT2 inhibitors and follow-up duration, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 51 RCTs involving 24 371 patients (12 208 received high-dose and 12 163 received low-dose SGLT2 inhibitors) were included. Overall, the heterogeneity among included studies was relatively low (I2 < 50% for each outcome). No significant differences between high-dose and low-dose SGLT2 inhibitors were observed for overall safety (including any AEs, serious AEs, AEs leading to discontinuation, and death) and specified safety (including infections and infestations, musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, osmotic diuresis-related AEs, volume-related AEs, renal-related AEs, and metabolism and nutrition), except for a mild increase in risk for AEs related to study drugs (RR: 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16) that mainly derived from canagliflozin (RR: 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30). Subgroup analyses were consistent with the primary outcomes.

Conclusions

This study provided substantial evidence that AEs of SGLT2 inhibitors were not dose related.
Testicular Involvement is a Hallmark of Apo A-I Leu75Pro Mutation Amyloidosis
Authors: Delbarba Andrea , Facondo Paolo , Fisogni Simona , Izzi Claudia , Maffezzoni Filippo , Pezzaioli Letizia Chiara , Di Lodovico Elena , Facchetti Fabio , Cappelli Carlo , Scolari Francesco , Ferlin Alberto
Published: August 2020

Context

Apo A-I Leu75Pro is a rare hereditary form of amyloidosis that mainly involves the kidney, the liver, and the testis.

Objective

To define the characteristics of organ damage and testis impairment in the largest cohort collected to date of men with Apo A-I Leu75Pro amyloidosis.

Design, Setting, and Patients

Retrospective study from a prospectively collected database of 129 male subjects >18 years with Apo A-I Leu75Pro amyloidosis from a reference center at the University Hospital of Brescia, Italy.

Main outcome measures

We evaluated liver and renal function, scrotal ultrasound, reproductive hormone levels, testis biopsy, hypogonadal symptoms, and fertility.

Results

Progressive involvement of testis, kidney, and liver was observed in 96/129 (74.4%) cases. Testis impairment was found in 88/129 patients (68.2%), liver in 59 (45.7%) and renal in 50 (38.8%). Testis damage was often the first manifestation of the disease and the only dysfunction in 30% of younger patients (<38 years). Testicular involvement was characterized mainly by primary (73/88 patients, 83.0%) and subclinical (8/88, 9.1%) hypogonadism. Almost all (85/88, 96.6%) also had high follicle-stimulating hormone, suggesting a primary global damage of endocrine and spermatogenic functions, and 30% of them did not conceive. Macroorchidism was found in 53/88 (60.2%) patients, especially in men <54 years (30/33, 90.9%). Apo A-I amyloid deposits were found in Sertoli cells, germinal epithelium, and vessel walls.

Conclusion

In men with Apo A-I Leu75Pro amyloidosis, testicular involvement is the hallmark of the disease, characterized by global primary testicular dysfunction and macroorchidism due to amyloid deposits.
Rabgap1 promotes recycling of active β1 integrins to support effective cell migration
Authors: Samarelli Anna V. , Ziegler Tilman , Meves Alexander , Fässler Reinhard , Böttcher Ralph T.
Published: August 2020

Integrin function depends on the continuous internalization of integrins and their subsequent endosomal recycling to the plasma membrane to drive adhesion dynamics, cell migration and invasion. Here we assign a pivotal role for Rabgap1 (GAPCenA) in the recycling of endocytosed active β1 integrins to the plasma membrane. The phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of Rabgap1 binds to the membrane-proximal NPxY motif in the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrin subunits on endosomes. Silencing Rabgap1 in mouse fibroblasts leads to the intracellular accumulation of active β1 integrins, alters focal adhesion formation, and decreases cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Functionally, Rabgap1 facilitates active β1 integrin recycling to the plasma membrane through attenuation of Rab11 activity. Taken together, our results identify Rabgap1 as an important factor for conformation-specific integrin trafficking and define the role of Rabgap1 in β1-integrin-mediated cell migration in mouse fibroblasts and breast cancer cells.
An indispensable role for dynamin-related protein 1 in beige and brown adipogenesis
Authors: Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy , Mukhi Dhanunjay , Chen Zhonghe , Buckner Nia , Ramakrishnan Sadeesh K.
Published: August 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that proper mitochondrial dynamics are critical for adipocyte differentiation and functional thermogenic capacity. We found that the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1, also known as DNML1) is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue compared to expression in white adipose tissue, and these expression levels increase during brown adipocyte differentiation. Our results reveal that the inhibition of DRP1 using mdivi-1 mitigates beige adipocyte differentiation and differentiation-associated mitochondrial biogenesis. We found that DRP1 is essential for the induction of the early-phase beige adipogenic transcriptional program. Intriguingly, inhibition of DRP1 is dispensable following the induction of beige adipogenesis and adipogenesis-associated mitochondrial biogenesis. Altogether, we demonstrate that DRP1 in preadipocytes plays an essential role in beige and brown adipogenesis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The colour of success: does female mate choice rely on male colour change in the chameleon Furcifer pardalis?
Authors: Dollion Alexis Y. , Herrel Anthony , Marquis Olivier , Leroux-Coyau Mathieu , Meylan Sandrine
Published: August 2020

Colour change is involved in various functions ranging from thermo- and hydroregulation to camouflage and communication. The role of colour change in communication has received increased attention over the past few decades, yet has been studied predominantly in the context of intrasexual competition. Here, we investigate the role of colour change in mate choice in an animal that can change its colour, the panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis). We conducted behavioural experiments and colour analysis to investigate whether colour changes, including in the UV range, are involved in mate choice. This study presents evidence of female mate choice for specific aspects of colour change in courting males, both in the visible and the UV range. Females chose males exhibiting more saturation changes regardless of the body region and spectral range. In addition, females chose males showing fewer brightness changes at the level of the lateral line and males showing lower hue changes at the level of the bands and the interbands, in the visible range. In the UV, selected males showed more brightness changes and higher maximum brightness. These results suggest that male colour change is important in female mate choice in the panther chameleon.
High dose oral rifampicin to improve survival from adult tuberculous meningitis: A randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded phase III trial (the HARVEST study)
Authors: Marais Suzaan , Cresswell Fiona V , Hamers Raph L. , te Brake Lindsey H.M. , Ganiem Ahmad R. , Imran Darma , Bangdiwala Ananta , Martyn Emily , Kasibante John , Kagimu Enock , Musubire Abdu , Maharani Kartika , Estiasari Riwanti , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Kusumadjayanti Nadytia , Yunivita Vycke , Naidoo Kogieleum , Lessells Richard , Moosa Yunus , Svensson Elin M. , Huppler Hullsiek Katherine , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Boulware David R. , van Crevel Reinout , Ruslami Rovina , Meya David B.
Published: August 2020

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), results in death or neurological disability in >50%, despite World Health Organisation recommended therapy. Current TBM regimen dosages are based on data from pulmonary TB alone. Evidence from recent phase II pharmacokinetic studies suggests that high dose rifampicin (R) administered intravenously or orally enhances central nervous system penetration and may reduce TBM associated mortality. We hypothesize that, among persons with TBM, high dose oral rifampicin (35 mg/kg) for 8 weeks will improve survival compared to standard of care (10 mg/kg), without excess adverse events.

Protocol: We will perform a parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind, phase III multicentre clinical trial comparing high dose oral rifampicin to standard of care. The trial will be conducted across five clinical sites in Uganda, South Africa and Indonesia. Participants are HIV-positive or negative adults with clinically suspected TBM, who will be randomised (1:1) to one of two arms: 35 mg/kg oral rifampicin daily for 8 weeks (in combination with standard dose isoniazid [H], pyrazinamide [Z] and ethambutol [E]) or standard of care (oral HRZE, containing 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin). The primary end-point is 6-month survival. Secondary end points are: i) 12-month survival ii) functional and neurocognitive outcomes and iii) safety and tolerability. Tertiary outcomes are: i) pharmacokinetic outcomes and ii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. We will enrol 500 participants over 2.5 years, with follow-up continuing until 12 months post-enrolment.

Discussion: Our best TBM treatment still results in unacceptably high mortality and morbidity. Strong evidence supports the increased cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high dose rifampicin, however conclusive evidence regarding survival benefit is lacking. This study will answer the important question of whether high dose oral rifampicin conveys a survival benefit in TBM in HIV-positive and -negative individuals from Africa and Asia.

Trial registration: ISRCTN15668391 (17/06/2019)
Partial catalytic Cys oxidation of human GAPDH to Cys-sulfonic acid.
Authors: Lia Andrea , Dowle Adam , Taylor Chris , Santino Angelo , Roversi Pietro
Published: August 2020

Background: n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyses the NAD+-dependent oxidative phosphorylation of n-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphospho-n-glycerate and its reverse reaction in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Methods: Four distinct crystal structures of human n-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsGAPDH) have been determined from protein purified from the supernatant of HEK293F human epithelial kidney cells.

Results: X-ray crystallography and mass-spectrometry indicate that the catalytic cysteine of the protein (HsGAPDH Cys152) is partially oxidised to cysteine S-sulfonic acid. The average occupancy for the Cys152-S-sulfonic acid modification over the 20 crystallographically independent copies ofHsGAPDH across three of the crystal forms obtained is 0.31±0.17.

Conclusions: The modification induces no significant structural changes on the tetrameric enzyme, and only makes aspecific contacts to surface residues in the active site, in keeping with the hypothesis that the oxidising conditions of the secreted mammalian cell expression system result inHsGAPDH catalytic cysteine S-sulfonic acid modification and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme.
Improving the quality of hospital care provided to people aged 11–25 years with a mental health condition
Authors: Freeth Heather , Wood Sophie , Allsopp Mark , Wilkinson Kathy
Published: August 2020

The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death undertook a detailed analysis of data from 1269 patients aged 11–25 years, admitted to hospital with intentional injury, affective disorder, or eating disorders, to assess the quality of physical and mental healthcare provided. This article summarises the findings and associated recommendations relevant for the general hospital setting.
Research Roundup
Authors: Heggs Karen
Published: August 2020

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Survey of satisfaction regarding palliative care provided to patients who died at home or in a hospital
Authors: Katsuki Masaaki , Nakamata Momoka , Ezaki Arisa , Yamanaka Sayaka , Imamura Sakiko , Honda Chika , Kubota Toshio , Moriuchi Hiroshi , Irikura Mitsuru
Published: August 2020

Background:

Improvement in quality of life (QoL) of patients is one of the most important goals of palliative care, but evaluation of QoL of patients is difficult.

Aim:

To evaluate QoL of patients who died at home or in a hospital.

Methods:

We administered the Good Death Inventory (10 core and 8 optional domains) to the bereaved families of patients who died at home or in a hospital. A total of 107 bereaved families undertook a survey.

Findings:

If a bereaved family chose ‘somewhat agree’, ‘agree’ or ‘absolutely agree’, the answer was regarded as a ‘satisfactory answer’. Regarding the 10 core domains, of patients who died in a hospital, <50% respondents gave a ‘satisfactory answer’ to three questions, whereas of patients who died at home, >60% of respondents gave a ‘satisfactory answer’ to seven questions. Regarding the eight optional domains, of patients who died in a hospital, <50% respondents gave a ‘satisfactory answer’ to five questions, whereas of patients who died at home, >60% of respondents gave a ‘satisfactory answer’ to four questions.

Conclusions:

QoL of patients who died at home appeared higher than that of those who died in a hospital. Patients prefer to remain at home rather than in a hospital, probably because at home they are surrounded by familiar things and can live according to their usual habits.
Living with uncertainty and the reality of death
Authors: Quinn Barry
Published: August 2020

The role of death and dying can play a central role in illness and in health care, and yet the reality of death in making sense of illness is often overlooked. Guided by the philosophy of Martin Heidegger (1962) and the works of Viktor Frankl (1959) , this article, which is part of a larger study ( Quinn, 2018 ), reveals the presence of death in the lives of people trying to make sense of having cancer. This article demonstrates that facing up to death is a core part of the personal experience of living with cancer for many people. Amid the diagnosis and the uncertainty it brought, the reality of death is never far away. While the 15 participants who took part in this study in 2015 wanted to survive, some acknowledged that death was very close. Paying attention to the presence of death in these personal stories may help improve the support healthcare professionals give to those living with advanced disease.
Care homes, COVID-19 and legal liability
Authors: Finch John
Published: August 2020

The UK response to the pandemic has been characterised by a focus on the NHS, to the detriment of the adult social care sector. Official guidance has often been muddled and opaque, and legal action regarding duty of care and equipment provision may be on the horizion. John Finch explains
How to … support staff with online conferencing and training
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: August 2020

Remote working has become an integral part of the professional landscape in the last few months, but it has been accompanied by many unfamiliar tools, software and technologies. Adrian Ashurst provides useful tips for supporting staff and maintaining good teamwork through these new challenges
Why is Alzheimer's disease more common in women?
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: August 2020

Alzheimer's disease is common in residential care settings. As care staff may have noticed from their practice, it is most common in older women. Mark Greener reviews some of the research exploring possible reasons for these sex-related differences
Innovation in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: August 2020

While there has, naturally, been a focus on the devastating impact of COVID-19 on adult social care, it is worth celebrating the sector's small victories in a time of unprecedented pressure. Amanda Halliwell shares examples of good practice to cheer and inspire
Dielectric properties of crystalline BiOCl in the terahertz region
Authors: Unuma Takeya , Sasaki Takumi , Yamaki Kazuhiro , Irie Akinobu , Ishida Hiroki , Kato Takahiro
Published: August 2020

We perform terahertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy to investigate the refractive index of crystalline BiOCl, which appears as a dielectric by-product during a certain process of fabricating superconducting Bi-based THz oscillators. We find that the refractive index is 4.8 or more for THz polarization parallel to the (001) plane; this value is substantially larger than the optical refractive index for parallel light polarization and also than the square root of the static dielectric constant for perpendicular electric field. Our experimental results can be interpreted from a strong dielectric anisotropy of crystalline BiOCl at low frequencies as predicted previously by a few theoretical studies.
A push from the bush: An introduction to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Remote Communities Project
Authors: Fulton Janet , Scott Paul , Koutsoukos Christina
Published: August 2020

In early 2018, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) launched a ‘slow journalism’ initiative, funded by the ABC’s Remote Communities Project (RCP). Reporters and producers from regional and local ABC radio stations were invited to pitch for funding that would facilitate up to two weeks in remote, rural and regional communities to create stories that would provide audiences with insight into life outside of metropolitan cities. The ABC labelled this project ‘slow journalism’ because the reporters were working without the time constraints highly influential in contemporary work practices associated with delivering bulletins, online updates and fast turnarounds of workflows. Through interviews undertaken with personnel involved in the initiative, including reporters, producers and ABC management, this article analyses the pilot project carried out in December 2017. The article also examines the pilot project’s influence in shaping project implementation as well as its relationship to ‘slow journalism’, as defined in previous academic studies. We contend that while the RCP contains elements commonly associated with slow journalism, it also adds to the understanding of slow journalism as both a practice and a concept by discovering characteristics specific to public broadcasting models such as that reflected by the ABC.
Trauma Reporting: A Journalist’s Guide to Covering Sensitive Stories, Jo Healey (2019)
Authors: Gearing Amanda
Published: August 2020

Review of: Trauma Reporting: A Journalist’s Guide to Covering Sensitive Stories, Jo Healey (2019)

London: Routledge, 206 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13848-210-4, p/bk, $52.99,

ISBN 978-1-13848-209-8, h/bk, $231.00,

ISBN 978-1-35105-911-4, ebk, $43.16
Investigative Journalism, Democracy and the Digital Age, Andrea Carson (2020)
Authors: Mocatta Gabi
Published: August 2020

Review of: Investigative Journalism, Democracy and the Digital Age, Andrea Carson (2020)New York and London: Routledge, 252 pp.,ISBN 978-1-13820-052-4, h/bk, $252.00,ISBN 978-1-31551-429-1, ebk, $204.30
Governing media information through a Green New Deal: History, theory, practice
Authors: Seijo Maxximilian
Published: August 2020

The Green New Deal (GND) aims to cultivate a ‘just transition’ from an economy based in fossil fuel production to an economy based in sustainable production. Its fate is not just dependent on a material struggle for power, but also what mediates this struggle. In addressing America’s historically ambivalent relationship with governmental media, this article links, historicizes and re-theorizes these mediated relations to cultivate a sustainable media practice for the GND. In doing so, it looks to the memory of the New Deal, critiques mid-century debates over media regulation and offers a path forward underwritten by public entertainment and information media production for a GND imaginary. By bringing these themes into a dialogue with the overlapping political economic and legal traditions of neochartalist (Modern Monetary Theory) and constitutional theories of money, this article roots the modern West’s flawed conception of state ‘intervention narratives’ to ‘states of nature’ conceptualized in classical liberal philosophy.
The ecopoetic potential of a citizen science audio database: Uploading John Clare to Xeno-canto
Authors: Smith Jacob
Published: August 2020

This article explores the potential for an online database to facilitate modes of environmental communication above and beyond the collection and display of scientific data. That database is Xeno-canto (https://www.xeno-canto.org), a website where users upload and share recordings of wild birds. I consider Xeno-canto as a platform for what Jonathan Bate calls ‘ecopoetry’, through a focus on one of Bate’s key examples: the poet John Clare, a writer known for the close description of birds. In this multimodal project, I develop a dialogue between ecopoetry, as defined by Bate and enacted by Clare, and the architecture of the Xeno-canto platform. The project is multimodal in that it takes the form of a critical essay that works in tandem with a user account on Xeno-canto that I set up under the name ‘John Clare’.
Lassa fever: History, causes, effects, and reduction strategies
Authors: Tewogbola Promise , Aung Norah
Published: August 2020

Lassa fever is a disease that is not well-known worldwide, particularly due to the inability of the multimammate rat, the primary vector of the Lassa virus, to breed in temperate regions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the disease and its modus operandi while also providing information about trends in the past decade, as well as proven strategies that have been used to manage its spread.
Interval-Based Simulation of Zélus IVPs using DynIbex
Authors: Brown Jason , Pessaux François
Published: August 2020

Modeling continuous-time dynamical systems is a complex task. Fortunately some dedicated programming languages exist to ease this work. Zélus is one such language that generates a simulation executable which can be used to study the behavior of the modeled system. However, such simulations cannot handle uncertainties on some parameters of the system. This makes it necessary to run multiple simulations to check that the system fulfills particular requirements (safety for instance) for all the values in the uncertainty ranges. Interval-based guaranteed integration methods provide a solution to this problem. The DynIbex library provides such methods but it requires a manual encoding of the system in a general purpose programming language (C++). This article presents an extension of the Zélus compiler to generate interval-based guaranteed simulations of IVPs using DynIbex. This extension is conservative since it does not break the existing compilation workflow.
Energy Conservation Measures in Heavy Trucks Freight Transport
Authors: Ahmed Suhail Tageldin Hago , Rabah Ali Abdelrahman
Published: August 2020

Since the independence of South Sudan, Sudan lost 75% of its oil reserves, this led to major fuel shortages country wide, the fuel shortage raised the fuel prices and the overall transport prices. Scarcity led to black market trade of fuel specially in states away from the Capital City (Khartoum).

Managing the available stock comes first before increasing the supply amount in order to solve the problem, one of the major fuel consumers to be managed is the transport sector specially the long haulage freight transport. Moving freight in Sudan is constrained by inadequate infrastructure and high costs. This paper covers specifically the long haulage freight transport between Khartoum State and Western side of the country (Darfur Region), Contributing to manage fuel consumption for trucks, taking into account trucks types used, roads, environmental impacts and mitigation measures applicable to save fuel .

The results showed that the primary reason for the excessive fuel consumption is the usage of the rigid trucks (lorries) for transport specially the Hino700 series, this truck type, overload and absence of weight stations and control policies contributed significantly to deterioration of roads and transport efficiency decreasing.

First step towards the solution would be in upgrading roads infrastructure assuring high quality along with enforced weight regulations and weight stations to protect roads from damages. High quality roads shall ease the usage of different truck types with different configurations. Then stablish a policy to force replacement of the low efficiency lorry truck types with high quality tractor semi-trailer combinations.
Hypersensitivity to IV Ustekinumab but Tolerance to Subcutaneous Ustekinumab in a Patient With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Krugliak Cleveland Noa , Masching Alexandra , Rubin David T.
Published: August 2020

Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody against the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for plaque psoriasis, moderately to severely active Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. We describe a case of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to ustekinumab infusion with no reaction to subsequent ustekinumab subcutaneous maintenance therapy. We identify ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a unique excipient found in the intravenous formulation compared with the prefilled syringe used for subcutaneous injections, which is likely to account for this observation. No similar cases have been reported in the literature.
Anthropometric Measurements Of The Ventrogluteal İnjectıon Area: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tuğrul Emel , Khorshıd Leyla , Tunçyürek Özüm
Published: August 2020

Research Problem / Aim: The ventrogluteal injection area is one of the areas most frequently used by nurses in intramuscular injection applications. The thicknesses of the subcutaneous tissue and the muscle tissue in this area are important for a safe injection. The aim of this study is the determination of the subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses on the ventrogluteal injection area and the anthropometric data about it.

Method: The study has designed a cross-sectional study. 150 individuals who applied to the ultrasound unit of the hospital and accepted to participate in the study were included in the study. The ventrogluteal injection area was determined with the ‘’V’’ method by the researcher. The subcutaneous and muscle tissue thicknesses from the areas on the injection area and the areas 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were determined using the ultrasound device. Moreover, the relation between the anthropometric measurements of the individuals (height, weight, waist, hip and crista iliaca circumferences, distance between the large trochanter and crista iliaca and crista iliaca anterior) and the tissue thicknesses on the injection area were evaluated. The data of the research were evaluated with definitive statistics, ANOVA test and posthoc Tukey test, t test and correlation analysis. The p<0.05 value was accepted as statistically significant for all results.

Findings: The average subcutaneous tissue thickness in the injection area was determined as 15.44±8.01 mm and the average tissue thickness there was determined as 31.75±11.86 mm. The subcutaneous tissue thickness in women was found more than the subcutaneous tissue thickness in men. When the tissue thicknesses 2 and 4 cm around the injection area were analyzed, it was found that the area where the total tissue thickness was the least was over 2 cm (41.67±14.83) and over 4 cm (35.79±15.55) of the injection area. It was determined that the average total thickness 4 cm around the injection area was less than 38 mm in underwight individuals.

Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the study, the weight and body mass index of the individual should be considered in the choice of the injection area and the length of the needle to be used when the ventrogluteal injection area was used in intramuscular injections. Especially in obese individuals, longer needles can be preferred. Besides, it must be thought that there may be the risk of bone injury 4 cm around the injection area in asthenic individuals and individuals with normal weight. Moreover, since the individuals’ having a large waist and hip circumference is related to their subcutaneous tissue thickness, it is recommended that long needles should be chosen in these individuals.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP DELIK PERBUATAN TIDAK MENYENANGKAN
Authors: Sari Indriana Dwi Mutiara , Gita Handias , Lumbanraja Anggita Doramia
Published: August 2020

Delik Perbuatan Tidak Menyenangkan diatur dalam KUHP, mengandung unsur adanya paksaan dan kekerasan. Pasal KUHP mengenai delik ini sering dijadikan sebagai dasar hukum penuntutan pada kasus penghinaan atau pencemaran nama baik. Namun seiring waktu dalam penerapan hukum dari pasal ini sering dianggap sebagai pasal karet, karena untuk menjelaskan pengertian perbuatan tidak menyenangkan sangatlah subjektif tergantung dari masing-masing individunya. Artikel ini membahas tentang kebijakan hukum pidana mengenai delik perbuatan tidak menyenangkan saat ini (ius constitutum) dan dimasa mendatang (ius constituendum) dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi penelitian berupa deskriptif analisis. Kebijakan hukum pidana mengenai delik perbuatan tidak menyenangkan yang saat ini telah diatur dalam KUHP telah mengalami pengurangan frasa pada isi pasalnya berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi karena tidak bisa diukur secara pasti perbuatan apa saja yang masuk dalam delik tersebut, sehingga dapat menimbulkan peluang kesewenang-wenangan baik dari pelapor maupun pihak penegak hukum. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi ini tidak serta merta membuat perubahan besar pada kebijakan hukum pidana mengenai delik perbuatan tidak menyenangkan. Hal ini terlihat dari belum diaturnya delik ini secara khusus dalam RUU KUHP. Maka demi kepastian hukum, perlu adanya perbaikan pada kebijakan hukum pidana mengenai delik perbuatan tidak menyenangkan yang perlu diakomodir di dalam RUU KUHP.
TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA SEBAGAI TRANSNASIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME
Authors: Raja Gukguk Roni Gunawan , Jaya Nyoman Serikat Putra
Published: August 2020

Tindak pidana narkotika adalah suatu perbuatan melanggar hukum dan merupakan kejahatan yang terorganisir. Tindak pidana narkotika merupakan suatu kejahatan transnasional yang merupakan suatu bentuk kejahatan lintas batas negara. Hal ini menyebabkan perkembangan kejahatan narkotika yang terjadi di negara-negara didunia perlu untuk diberantas secara tuntas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kejahatan narkotika sebagai salah satu kejahatan transnasional dan untuk mengetahui langkah yang dilakukan negara dalam menangani kejahatan narkotika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Penyalahgunaan narkotika pada saat ini sangat meresahkan semua umat manusia, karena pada saat ini narkotika adalah sebuah momok bagi seluruh bangsa pada umumnya dan bangsa Indonesia pada khususnya.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN NEGARA TERKAIT PERMASALAHAN HUKUM YANG TIMBUL AKIBAT INSIDEN TERORISME MARITIM
Authors: Putra Try Satria Indrawan , Setyawanta Lazarus Tri
Published: August 2020

Ancaman yang dihadapi keamanan maritim dewasa ini salah satunya adalah Maritime Terrorism atau Terorisme Maritim. Berbagai permasalahan hukum dapat menyebabkan perselisihan antarnegara terkait insiden terorisme maritim, termasuk yang timbul dari tindakan negara pantai, negara bendera kapal dan/ atau negara lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertanggungjawaban negara terhadap permasalahan hukum yang timbul akibat dari insiden terorisme maritim baik bagi negara pantai maupun negara bendera kapal. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu menggunakan bahan kepustakaan sebagai data utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Negara pantai dianggap bertanggungjawab apabila terdapat kelalaian dalam insiden terorisme maritim di wilayah perairannya, sedangkan negara bendera kapal juga bertanggung jawab jika kapalnya digunakan untuk serangan teroris terhadap kapal, pelabuhan, atau instalasi maritim negara lain ketika negara bendera dianggap lalai dalam membangun kontrol yang tepat atas kapal yang akan mengibarkan benderanya.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PENUSUKAN DALAM PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: Magistri Nur Rima Cessio
Published: August 2020

KUHPidana dan Undang-undang hingga saat ini  belum ada yang mengatur secara khusus dan jelas mengenai sanksi atau pun denda yang diterapkan kepada pelaku tindak pidana penusukan.Hal ini lah yang memerlukan pembaharuan hukum pidana dalam hal pengaturan secara khusus mengenai tindak pidana penusukan.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mengkaji dan menjelaskan bagaimanakah Perlindungan Hukum Korban Tindak Pidana khususnya Tindak Pidana Penusukan dalam Peradilan Pidana. Hasil penilitiian menyatakan bahwa Penusukan dapat dikategorikan dalam pembunuhan berencana sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 340 KUHPidana yang menyatakan diancam karena pembunuhan dengan rencana (moord), serta diatur dalam Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 2018 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme yang menyatakan Ancaman Kekerasan yang menimbulkan rasa takut atau teror.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Perubahan Tarif PPH Final Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Pelaku UMKM
Authors: Kumaratih Cinantya , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: August 2020

Di Indonesia, dana untuk pembangunan dapat diperoleh atas pemungutan pajak sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan utama negara. Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) adalah salah satu sektor perekonomian yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber pendapatan negara melalui pemungutan pajak. Untuk itu pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah yang mengatur tarif Pajak Penghasilan yang bersifat final kepada UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan penurunan pajak penghasilan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan UMKM sebagai Wajib Pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya kebijakan mengenai tarif pajak penghasilan UMKM sebesar 1% melalui Peraturan Pemerintah No. 46 tahun 2013. Namun, berlakunya peraturan ini mengalami pro dan kontra dikalangan masyarakat. Akibatnya pada tahun 2018 pemerintah merubah besaran tarif pajak sebesar 0,5% melalui Peraturan Pemerintah No. 23 Tahun 2018. Kebijakan mengenai penurunan tarif pajak penghasilan bagi UMKM ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap tingkat kepatuhan UMKM sebagai Wajib Pajak. Penelitian yang dilakukan di  Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Semarang Barat menunjukan adanya peningkatan kepatuhan pelaku UMKM dalam melakukan kewajiban pajaknya.
Diskursus Hukum: Alternatif Pola Pengisian Jabatan Kepala Daerah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kennedy Richard , Suhendarto Bonaventura Pradana
Published: August 2020

Pandemi covid-19 menyebabkan Pilkada 2020 mengalami penjadwalan ulang. Pemerintah bersama KPU dan DPR sepakat menunda Pilkada 2020 hingga bulan Desember 2020, melalui Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2020. Sayangnya, kondisi covid-19 di Indonesia hingga kini belum menunjukan tanda-tanda akan berakhir. Konsekuensinya, Pilkada 2020 berpotensi kembali dijadwalkan ulang dan berada pada ketidakpastian. Jabatan kepala daerah di beberapa wilayah berpotensi mengalami kekosongan. Padahal, peran kepala daerah dalam penanggulangan pandemi covid-19 cukup vital. Karenanya, artikel ini hendak memberikan alternatif pola pengisian jabatan kepala daerah di masa pandemi covid-19. Ada 3 usulan pola yang diajukan, yaitu penunjukan Penjabat sementara atau Pelaksana Tugas, Pilkada tidak langsung, dan Pilkada menggunakan sistem elektronik. Ketiga pola alternatif ini memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya masing-masing, dengan disertai argumentasi yuridis dan logis yang kuat. Namun sepertinya, Pemerintah melalui Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2020 lebih berkeinginan untuk menyelenggarakan Pilkada langsung secara konvensional. Karenanya, bagian akhir artikel ini mencoba mendiskursuskan hukum untuk menjamin pelaksanaan Pilkada ditengah pandemi covid-19 dengan memperhatikan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat.