bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigration, Disability and Healthcare Access in Brazil
Authors: Serrano Samantha , Martin Denise
Published: June 2021

Immigration and refugee status protection are growing phenomena in Brazil and the city of São Paulo is one of the largest hubs in the country for this heterogeneous population. Various studies reveal barriers faced by immigrants and refugees in Brazil to receive quality public healthcare services including linguistic issues, cultural differences, socioeconomic barriers, xenophobia and racism. People with disabilities are another heterogeneous group that encounters barriers in healthcare services in Brazil. Studies reveal that people with disabilities face physical, architectural and ableist attitudinal barriers in healthcare services in the country. This text seeks to highlight the necessity for qualitative research at the intersection of disability, immigration and healthcare in Brazil using international and domestic studies and ethnographic observations of the healthcare experiences of a Bolivian immigrant woman with temporary disabilities and the mother and caregiver of a Bolivian immigrant woman with disabilities in São Paulo, Brazil.
Examining Liver Function in Adults with Diabetes in the United States
Authors: Sakharkar Prashant , Deb Subrata
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of various types of diabetes and considered to be a risk factor for several chronic disorders including liver function. Though liver is a dynamic organ, incessant glucotoxicity can lead to altered liver function. The goals of the present study were to examine the association between diabetes with liver functions amongst adults in the United States. Methods: We analyzed 14,948 adults with diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2016. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined in accordance with the American Diabetes Association 2021 guidelines. The association of demographic characteristics with glycemic levels was analyzed using the Chi-square test. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the associations of glycemic levels with abnormal liver enzyme levels. Regression model was adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA ver. 14. A p value of ≤0.05 or≤0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 14,948 adults (20 years and above) were included in this study. Sample mean age was 45.5±0.33 yrs., 54% were female, 53% were non-Hispanic White, and 60% had some college or graduate level education. In the overall sample, 19% adults were diabetic and 34% were pre-diabetic. Pre-diabetic glycemic levels were associated over one and half times higher odds of ALT (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.60, p<0.001) and over 1.3 times of higher odds AST (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.49,p<0.001). On the other hand, diabetic glycemic levels were associated with close to one and half times higher odds of ALT (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.59,p<0.001) and AST (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.76, p<0.001). On regression analysis, after adjustment, pre-diabetic and diabetic status was associated with high ALT (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.32, p<0.001), AST (OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.27, p<0.05), ALP (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.68, p<0.001) and GGT (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.24, 1.63, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that diabetes is significantly associated with liver function. This observed association deserves further exploration to understand the longitudinal impact of diabetes on liver function.
Economic sanctions against Iran as an important factor in threatening the health of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Moghadas Abdorreza Naser , Eskandarieh Sharareh
Published: June 2021

Background: After intensified economic sanctions against Iran, decreased welfare of patients were more recognizable. The present study was aimed at identifying the challenges and stress level experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) regarding treatment and health care services in 2018-2019 after strengthening of economic sanctions against Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on MS patients in Tehran, Iran. A structured questionnaire was designed to measure the main variables addressing the challenges and stress level of MS patients with respect to receiving care and treatment services.
Results: In total, 1039 MS patients were enrolled into the study. Among the patients who answered yes to the questions, 873 (85.8%) and 837 (86%) were concerned about medicine unavailability and supply and purchase of internationally branded medicine, respectively. Moreover, 671 (70.3%) subjects were concerned about replacing their medicines with cheaper alternatives due to financial problems and 427 (41.4%) were unwilling to continue their treatment due to the economic burden of MS. In total, 795 (82%) were concerned about the effectiveness of Iranian drugs in comparison with internationally branded drugs. Generally, 970 (93.53%) subjects had experienced increased current living costs and 711 had experienced (68.82%) reduced nutrition quality, which (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.99, 3.60) was significantly higher among subjects who had an income of less than or equal to 250 US$ per month.
Conclusion: The sanctions can impose greater stress and hardship on patients due to the unavailability and costs of medicines. Iran should manage health care quality and provide services to prevent the adverse effects of sanctions on MS patients and guarantee patients’ right to receive well-established medication and health services.
Evaluation of sexual self-efficacy and sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis in Mashhad, Iran, in 2019: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Manouchehri Elham , Saeedi Morteza , Mirzaei Najmabadi Khadijeh
Published: June 2021

Background: In chronic illnesses, sexual dysfunction (SD) is one of the most prevalent complaints. Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) is an individual’s beliefs about his/her ability to perform an effective sexual function and be favorable to their partner. The aim of the present study was to assess SSE and sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on 260 married women referring to the MS clinic and MS society of Khorasan-Razavi in Mashhad, Iran. The research population was selected using convenience sampling. The Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were completed by the participants who had the inclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient in SPSS software.
Results: The participants had a mean age of 35.2 ± 8.4 years and their mean duration of MS was 4.46 ± 3.71 years. The findings showed a negative correlation between SSE and SD (r = -0.606; P = 0.001) and a positive correlation between SSE and sexual function (r = 0.644; P = 0.001). Moreover, MSISQ-19 and FSFI scores supported each other (r = -0.675; P = 0.001).
Conclusion: SD is prevalent among women with MS. Moreover, sexual function is substantially associated with SSE in these women.
Mortality and morbidity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A single-center experience
Authors: Faghih-Jouybari Morteza , Taghi Raof Mohammad , Abdollahzade Sina , Jamshidi Sanaz , Padegane Tahereh , Ehteshami Saeid , Fateh Soroush
Published: June 2021

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common cause of non-ischemic strokes. Considering high mortality and poor functional status following ICH, we investigated factors that can predict short-term outcome and affect recovery of these patients.
Methods: In this prospective descriptive study, 100 patients with non-traumatic ICH were included. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and extent of disability was measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after discharge.
Results: 32 of 100 cases died at hospital and 6 more expired during 3-month follow-up. Risk factors of in-hospital mortality were warfarin use, surgical intervention, and high ICH score. Functional status of patients significantly improved 3 months after discharge. Factors associated with poor recovery were age older than 70, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP), longer hospitalization, and high ICH score.
Conclusion: ICH was associated with high rate of mortality (36%). Warfarin use, surgical intervention, and high ICH score were predictive of mortality during hospitalization and 3-month follow-up. Improvement of functional status began after 1 month and significantly improved 3 months after discharge.
Validating the Persian version of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-specific quality of life-revised instrument
Authors: Afrakhteh Motahareh , Esmaeili Sara , Shati Mohsen , Shojaei Seyedeh Fahimeh , Bahadori Maryam , Zamani Babak , Almasi-Doghaee Mostafa , Haghi-Ashtiani Bahram
Published: June 2021

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Specific Quality of Life-Revised (ALSSQOL-R) encompasses 50 items which assess quality of life (QOL) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in six major domains. This study aims to translate the ALSSQOL-R into Persian and evaluate its reliability and validity among Iranian patients.
Methods: ALSSQOL-R was translated by the standard multi-step forward-backward method. Content validity was calculated using item content validity index (I-CVI). Three items in the “intimacy” domain were deleted considering Iranian culture. Cronbach’s alpha was used for all 6 dimensions to calculate the internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with one-month interval. Concurrent validity was measured by the validated version of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire.
Results: Sixty-three patients with ALS were enrolled in the study. I-CVI was 70%, promoted to 85% after modifications (acceptable). Regarding internal consistency reliability, Cronbach’s alpha in all six domains was  0.70 and total Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89 which is assumed as good. In terms of test-retest reliability, ICC [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 0.91 (91%) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0.90 (P < 0.001), all indicating an excellent reliability. The concurrent validity was established based on a strong correlation with SF-36 (r = 0.744, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The findings show that the modified
Molecular epidemiology of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sanikhani Rahimeh , Moeinirad Mohammad , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh , Lari Arezou , Fereshteh Sepideh , Sepehr Amin , Salimi Afsaneh , Badmasti Farzad
Published: June 2021

Classical (CKp) and hypervirulent (hvKp) Klebsiella pneumoniae are two different circulating pathotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, epidemiology and molecular relatedness of hvKps using a systemic review and meta-analysis. The data extracted from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science and finally 14 studies met the eligible criteria. To combine prevalence proportions of all studies, we performed the metaprop command embedded in the Meta package software. Totally, of 1814 K. pneumoniae isolates, 21.7% (394/1814) were hvKp. The molecular typing showed that all hvKp isolates were grouped into 50 different sequence types (STs) of them ST23, ST11, ST65 and ST86 were common. K1, K2 and K64 were dominant capsule serotypes that strongly related to ST23, ST65 and ST11, respectively. It seems that clonal group 23 (CG23) is associated with liver abscess and CG11 related to various clinical sources.
Current-proven neonatal sepsis in Indonesian tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: a hematological and microbiological profile
Authors: Utomo Martono Tri , Sumitro Khadijah Rizky , Etika Risa , Wahyu Widodo Agung Dwi
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death in the world. The patterns of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis varies in many countries. This study was aimed to identify hematological and microbiological profile of culture-proven neonatal sepsis in Indonesian tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Materials and Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in all inborn neonates that were suspected sepsis neonatal over a period of six months from April to September 2019. Complete blood count, c-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture were examined before antibiotic administration. Statistical analysis were calculated based on Chi-Square’s Test and Mann-Whitney U test and p <0.05 considered significant.
Results: One hundred four inborn neonates admitted to NICU and diagnosed with suspected neonatal sepsis were recruited. Culture-proven neonatal sepsis were confirmed in 52 (50%) neonates, 13 (25%) in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and 39 (75%) in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). The most common abnormal hematological profile were anemia and thrombocytopenia, with amount of 61.5% and 75%, respectively. High CRP only detected in 36.4% and only 18.5% experienced leukopenia. Gram negative bacteria responsible in 75% from total isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 48.1% followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) for 17.3% and Enterobacter cloacae for 11.5%.
Conclusion: Anemia and thrombocytopenia were the top two hematological profile of culture-proven neonatal sepsis. Most causes of culture-proven neonatal sepsis were Gram negative bacteria and the dominant pathogen was K. pneumoniae.
Anaerobic infections in patients admitted in various surgical units of a tertiary care hospital of north India: neglected but important
Authors: Singh Charu , Sood Anshul , Tandup Cherring , Ray Pallab , Angrup Archana
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Anaerobic infections are usually caused by the host’s endogenous flora due to a breach in the anatomical barriers and Bacteroides spp. are the most notorious organisms associated with anaerobic infections. The identification of anaerobes has been a challenge since times. MALDI-TOF-MS is a boon for aiding the rapid detection of anaerobic organisms and has helped us to enlist the distribution of various anaerobic pathogens.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis (January 2018 to December 2019) was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in North India, in which the anaerobic microbiological profile of all patients admitted to surgical wards, ICU, and OPD of various departments (Orthopedics, Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics) was reviewed. Samples received were immediately processed aerobically (5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkeyagar) as well as anaerobically (RCM and freshly prepared sheep blood agar) as per the laboratory protocols.
Results: Bacteroides fragilis (19.12%) was the most common anaerobe whereas among aerobes Escherichia coli (30.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.34%) were most commonly isolated. The majority of patients were males (56%) and the most common presentation was with abscesses (21.4%). Polymicrobial infections (69.51%) outnumbered monomicrobial ones (30.48%).
Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature on anaerobe isolation from surgical infections from our country which motivated us to study anaerobic infections and the high sample size in our institute enabled us to study surgical infections from an anaerobic perspective. This will add to the knowledge of microbiologists and clinicians. MALDI-TOF MS helped in rapid and accurate identification and hence we could report a wider spectrum of organisms in our study
Serological and molecular investigation of human brucellosis in participants of Famenin brucellosis cohort study, Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Adabi Maryam , Karami Manoochehr , Keramat Fariba , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef , Bakhtiari Somaye
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that causes brucellosis in humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the results of brucellosis seroprevalence among participants of the Famenin brucellosis cohort with molecular investigation technique and determine Brucella-approved species.
Materials and Methods: Following the first phase of the Famenin brucellosis cohort in 2016 which investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis among 2367 participants in Famenin city, a total of 575 people including all seropositive and some seronegative people were examined again by wright serological tests in 2019. The PCR assay was accomplished on all cases that have wright titers ≥ 1/20 for tracing Brucella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus.
Results: Out of 575 studied cases, 145 people had wright titers ≥ 1/20. The PCR reactions of these 145 blood samples were positive in 63/145 (43.44%) tested samples using primers (B4/B5) for Brucella genus detection. In the second PCR assay using specific-primers for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, 18/63 (28.57%) of the samples were diagnosed as B. abortus, and 18/63 (28.57%) were diagnosed as B. melitensis.
Conclusion: In this study, using the selected specific genes for the diagnosis of Brucella in the genus and species levels, the PCR technique was evaluated as a promising method for the rapid and safe detection of brucellosis besides the serological test for more accurate detection of brucellosis especially in cases that are not definitive.
The tracheal virome of broiler chickens with respiratory disease complex in Iran: the metagenomics study
Authors: Hojabr Rajeoni Ali , Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash , Khalesi Bahman , Madadi Mohammad Sadegh , Hosseini Hossein
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Avian respiratory disease complex (RDC) is one of the most detrimental economic diseases that affected different parts of the world. Various pathogens cause the disease, but the most significant viral pathogens include avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are the most prevalent. To detect these pathogens, various methods have been discovered in the last decades. Detection and characterization of viruses by metagenomics methods have improved our knowledge about the role of virome in the avian complex respiratory disease.
Materials and Methods: This research investigates the viral pathogen populations that mostly participate in emerging these diseases using the NGS method RNA-sequencing. In surveillance of ten broiler farms from different cities with respiratory symptoms, trachea samples were collected to determine the pathogenic virome causing the disease.
Results: In this metagenomics analysis, nine viral families were identified, comprising 72.82% of RNA viruses, 24.32% of RT viruses, and 2.86% of DNA viruses. RNA viruses had the highest contribution to the respiratory disease complex instead of disease, including paramyxoviridae, orthomyxoviridae, coronaviridae, and picornaviridae viruses. Other viruses from the RNA viruses and DNA virus families were also identified in addition to these results.
Conclusion: This research suggests that studies of pathogenic viromes in different diseases can help monitor different diseases and predict their future occurrence.
Therapeutic effects, immunogenicity and cytotoxicity of a cell penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugate against cagA of Helicobacter pylori in cell culture and animal model
Authors: Nodeh Farahani Narges , Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Mirkalantari Shiva , Montazer Fatemeh , Sholeh Mohammad , Javanmard Zahra , Irajian Gholamreza
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori causes several gastrointestinal diseases, including asymptomatic gastritis, chronic peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and gastric adenocarcinoma. In recent years, failure to eradicate H. pylori infections has become an alarming problem for physicians. It is now clear that the current treatment strategies may become ineffective, necessitating the development of innovative antimicrobial compounds as alternative treatments.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated peptide nucleic acid (CPP-PNA) was used to target the cagA expression. cagA expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR assay after treatment by the CPPPNA in cell culture and animal model. Additionally, immunogenicity and toxicity of the CPP-PNA were assessed in both cell culture and animal models.
Results: Our analysis showed that cagA mRNA levels reduced in H. pylori-infected HT29 cells after treatment with CPPPNA in a dose-dependent manner. Also, cagA expression in bacterial RNA extracted from stomach tissue of mice treated with PNA was reduced compared to that of untreated mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokines also decreased in cells and tissue of H. pylori-infected mice after PNA treatment. The tested CPP-PNA showed no significant adverse effects on cell proliferation of cultured cells and no detectable toxicity and immunogenicity were observed in mice.
Conclusion: These results suggest the effectiveness of CPP-PNA in targeting CagA for various research and therapeutic purposes, offering a potential antisense therapy against H. pylori infections.
Isolation and identification of the bacterium producing antitumor and antimicrobial compounds derived from Iranian swamp frog (Rana ridibunda) skin
Authors: Asadi Sepideh , Soleimani Neda , Khosravi Babadi Zahra , Ebrahimipour Gholam Hossein
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Cancer incidence and recurrence, antibiotic resistance, and overuse of antibiotics have become a global concern. The purpose of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria from the skin of the Rana ridibunda, Iranian swamp frog, which has produced antimicrobial compounds, and investigate its cytotoxic activity on the breast (MCF7) and glioblastoma (U87) cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: An antibiotic-producing bacterium was isolated from the frog skin. The bacterium was identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical and morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of the culture supernatant was examined by disc diffusion and MIC methods. Cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts of bacteria were prepared by sonication. SDS-PAGE was then used to examine protein contents of them. The cancer cell lines were treated with cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts at different concentrations. The effects of cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h intervals. Finally, the results were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The isolated bacterium was identified as a new strain of Bacillus atrophaeus. MIC and disc diffusion methods showed that the Bacillus atrophaeus antimicrobial activity was broad spectrum. MTT assay showed IC50 values 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml for U87 and MCF7 cells after 24-48 h exposure, respectively.
Conclusion: The cytoplasmic extracts of Bacillus atrophaeus has anticancer potential and can be used as an alternative or complementary candidate in the treatment of cancer. Further in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies are suggested to confirm the biological activities.
Effect of giving probiotic supplement Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 as an immunomodulator to maintain a respiratory system in Mus musculus
Authors: Artanti Dita , Sispita Sari Yeti Eka , Azizah Fitrotin , Puwaningsih Nur Vita , Rohmayani Vella , Nasrullah Dede
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: In 2020 the whole world is experiencing a pandemic condition due to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can cause the COVID-19 disease. This condition results in “Panic Buying”, because everyone tries to avoid the spread and transmission of the COVID-19 disease by doing various ways, one of which is by taking additional supplements such as vitamin C and probiotic supplements.
Materials and Methods: The materials used were mice Mus musculus male DDY strain aged 1-2 months. Probiotic supplement Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 with a viability of 1 × 108 CFU/ml. with a weight of 0.16 grams dissolved in 0.25 ml 0.9% NaCl. Vitamin C used is a commercial vitamin C tablet, weighing 0.06 grams in 0.25 ml 0.9% NaCl. Meanwhile, the feed for mice (Mus musculus) is a complete feed from Pokphand with the code BR1 CP511B. Lung histology preparations data were analysed descriptively and statistically through the test Chi square while the data on the number of lymphocytes were analysed descriptively.
Results: The histological observations of lungs of Mus musculus showed that in the treatment of ML, MV, and MKA test was carried out chi square ratio between the groups that did not have lymphocyte infiltration and those that had lymphocyte infiltration showed a significant difference (p <0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the lymphocyte count showed that ML and MV treatment was higher than that of MK treatment.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the administration of probiotics can stimulate and modulate the respiratory immune system.
Soil yeast abundance and diversity assessment in a hot climatic region, semi-arid ecosystem
Authors: Khalid Al-Atrash Mohammed , Khadur Zwida K. , Khadim Anwar A.
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Yeasts are an important portion of microbial communities of soil due to their bioactivity for ecosystem safety. Soil yeast abundance and diversity are likely to be affected under harsh environmental and climatic conditions. In Iraq, human activity and climatic changes especially high temperature which may alter microbial communities in soil. Very little is known about yeast abundance and diversity in a hot climatic region.
Materials and Methods: By PCR technique, soil yeast abundance and diversity were investigated under extreme environmental and climatic conditions, as well as the effects of soil properties and vegetation cover in semi-arid lands.
Results: In all, 126 yeast strains were isolated and identified as belonging to 13 genera and 26 known species. The maximum quantity of yeast was 0.8 × 102 CFU g -1 of soil, with significantly varied in abundance and diversity depending on soil properties and presence of vegetation.
Conclusion: The results show that soil yeast abundance in these regions was significantly decreased. However, semi-arid lands are still rich in yeast diversity, and many species have adapted to survive in such conditions.
Distribution and antimicrobial resistance pattern of pathogens causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis at Namazi hospital, southern Iran
Authors: Taherifard Erfan , Hosseini-Asl Mohammad Kazem , Mosayebi Mohammad Amin
Published: June 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Devices of Textual Illusion: Victimization in Romance Scam E-Letters
Authors: Dreijers Guntars , Rudziša Valda
Published: June 2021

Virtual communication transcends national boundaries and allows establishing and maintaining contacts efficiently. However, it also poses threats to integrity and ethical online conduct. In particular, dating sites and unsolicited e-messages often prey on vulnerable unsuspecting people with an intention to extort financial means. The internet is a medium where anonymity, disguise and fraud are widespread. Scammers use linguopsychological devices to lure potential victims into the scam scenario. Devices were screened and categorized from seven letter-sets (each set containing 18–23 letters) including correspondence with scammers. The sets revealed similar lexical and macrostructural patterns common in e-romance scam. Frequently employed devices appeared to signal scammers’ malicious intents often potentially detrimental to a victim. Persuasion, flattering, appeal to trust, core human drives such as bonding, greed, altruism are among the most popular scammers’ devices. The method of structural reduction allowed establishing functional stages in the macrostructure of letter-sets.
The Influence of Level of Proficiency in the L2 and L3 on the Production of the L3 Spanish Apico-alveolar Sibilant
Authors: Sypiańska Jolanta , Cal Zuzanna
Published: June 2021

Current Third Language Acquisition research has traditionally focused on the L2 status (e.g. Hammarberg 2001, Bardel & Falk 2007) or linguistic proximity (e.g. Cenoz 2001, Westergaard, Mitrofanova, Mykhaylyk & Rodina 2016). Limited research has been conducted on the influence of the potentially significant factor of level of proficiency, and particularly where proficiency in both the L2 (Tremblay 2006, Woll 2016) and the L3 (Hammarberg 2001, Wrembel 2010) may be considered as a conditioning factor for the shape of the L3. The aim of the current study was thus to determine the influence of L2 and L3 level of proficiency (L2LoP and L3LoP) and the interaction of the two factors on the production of the L3 Spanish apico-alveolar sibilant in a group of L1 Polish, L2 English and L3 Spanish trilinguals who had different levels of overall proficiency in the two foreign languages. The parameters of the sibilant under analysis were spectral moments: centre of gravity (M1), standard deviation (M2), skewness (M3) and kurtosis (M4) in intervocalic position in two-syllable words with initial stress. The results point to the influential role of both L2LoP and L3LoP as well as their interaction on the production of the L3 Spanish sibilant. When the level of proficiency in one of the languages was low, it allowed the other language with a higher level of proficiency to exert influence on the values of the spectral moments in the L3 sibilant. This interplay of factors furthers the understanding of how levels of proficiency in the L2 and the L3 condition the developing L3.
Od pomysłu do realizacji. Retoryczna analiza telewizyjnego filmu dokumentalnego Michała Fajbusiewicza i Waldemara Piaseckiego pt. „Moja Misja”
Authors: Grzegorzewski Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Rozdział stanowi analizę filmu dokumentalnego Moja Misja w reżyserii Michała Fajbusiewicza i Waldemara Piaseckiego. Autor zdecydował się analizować film z wykorzystaniem narzędzi retoryki klasycznej, koncentrując uwagę Czytelnika na kompozycji. Tekst został podzielony na trzy zasadnicze części: inwencję, dyspozycję oraz elokucję. Inwencja obejmuje zbieranie materiału dziennikarskiego na potrzeby publikacji poprzez: szeroko i wąsko rozumiany wywiad dziennikarski, kwerendę źródeł w postaci opracowań książkowych, tekstów prasowych, dokumentów historycznych, dokumentów życia społecznego oraz dostępnych tekstów kultury. Dyspozycja oznacza porządkowanie materiału według zasad sztuki dziennikarskiej oraz zgodnie z artystyczną wizją autorów filmu. Elokucja wyraża się w przekazie językowym, wizualnym oraz audialnym filmu, sprowadzonym do klasycznych tropów i figur retorycznych.
Dokument(alność) a kreacyjność artystycznych audycji radiowych autorstwa Katarzyny Michalak i Marty Rebzdy
Authors: Bachura-Wojtasik Joanna , Sygizman Kinga
Published: June 2021

W rozdziale analizuje  się audialne narracje: słuchowiska, reportaże, feature autorstwa Katarzyny Michalak i Marty Rebzdy w oparciu o kategorię artystycznego przetworzenia faktów i klasyfikacji montażu. Odpowiada na pytanie o stosunek autorów do faktów oraz wskazuje relacje, w jakich pozostają względem siebie elementy dokumentalne i fikcyjne. Twórcza organizacja materii audialnej może przybierać różne formy wyznaczane przez treść opowieści oraz idiostyl autora.
Eklektyzm ideologiczny partii politycznych, czyli profil ideologiczny w praktyce
Authors: Filipczak-Białkowska Anita
Published: June 2021

Rozdział prezentuje przebieg i wyniki projektu, którego celem była diagnoza polskiego dyskursu politycznego. W badaniu poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie: „Czy polski system partyjny wykazuje dyferencjację ideologiczną?”. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły sformułowaną hipotezę badawczą, zgodnie z którą partie funkcjonujące w polskim systemie politycznym w okresie tzw. IV RP były zróżnicowane pod względem reprezentowanej ideologii. Prace analityczne prowadzono na podstawie rozbudowanej bazy materiałowej, złożonej z tekstów debat parlamentarnych. W projekcie wykorzystano metodę analizy dyskursu ideologicznego opartą na założeniach gramatyki komunikacyjnej i uwzględniającej wspólny obszar badawczy językoznawstwa i nauk politycznych.
Investigation of Various Influencing Factors of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime Zeolite
Authors: Mamedova Gunel , Nasirli Gunel
Published: June 2021

This study presents an investigation of the use of the natural mineral of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic to produce analcime zeolite of potential practical importance. The influence of temperature and crystallization time, the concentration of alkaline solution and mineralizer on the process of synthesis of analcime has been evaluated. The optimal conditions established for the synthesis of pure analcime with a 100% degree of crystallinity are as follows: temperature of 180°C, alkaline and mineralizer solution of 10-15% KOH and 5-10% KCl and processing time of 50 hours. It has been shown that the presence of the KCl mineralizer promotes the production of pure analcime with a 100% crystallinity, and the natural mineral of Nakhchivan represents a good source for the synthesis process.
La Educación ambiental en los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Retos y perspectivas de desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas, Llopiz Guerra Karel , Santos Abreu Ismael ,   Consejo Universitario Municipal Sagua la Grande, Marín Llaver Leonardo ,   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ramos Vera Rosario Pilar ,   Universidad Norbert Wiener, Ramos Vera Mercedes Josefina ,   Instituto Pedagógico Nacional Monterrico, Tejada Arana Aristides Alfonso ,   Universidad César Vallejo, Núñez Lira Luis Alberto ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Alberca Pintado Nancy Elizabeth ,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Published: June 2021

En el nuevo siglo urge el papel protagónico de la educación como fenómeno social y transformador para la supervivencia de la especie humana, atendiendo al surgimiento de problemas ambientales como resultado de la interacción agresiva del hombre con la naturaleza y la sociedad en que se desenvuelve, con la existencia de graves problemas ecológicos expresado en el empeoramiento del entorno causado por hechos y desastres naturales, la explotación irracional de los recursos naturales, el incremento de la industrialización, la excesiva urbanización, migraciones y la explosión demográfica.
Distance Education for Students with Special Needs in Primary Schools in the Period of CoVid-19 Epidemic
Authors: Karasel Ayda Nedime , Bastas Meryem , Altinay Fahriye , Altinay Zehra , Dagli Gokmen
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine what had been done in distance learning applications to enable special education students to continue their education during the Covid-19 epidemic period and how students and their families could benefit from these applications. The research was prepared using a qualitative method and semi-structured interview questions were used to collect the data. In the research ten special education teachers affiliated to MNE (Ministry of National Education), the sample group was analyzed by using content analysis method. The research results revealed that distance education and face to face education were not provided and family education is not given importance; special education teachers expressed both positive and negative opinions about distance education practices in primary education; there is not a sufficient distance education application for students with special needs and no IEP(Individual Education Program) applications in distance education for students with different developmental characteristics; the use of materials suitable for students' needs is inadequate.
Management model to become a teacher during university education
Authors: Kozhushkova Natalia V. , Soldatchenko Aleksandr L. , Rudakova Svetlana V. , Ovcharova Svetlana V. , Velikanova Svetlana S. , Terenteva Nina G.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the problem of becoming a teacher, training of a teacher with a high intellectual level of self-awareness, capable of conceptual thinking, creative activity and ready for independent management of his own professional activity, which will allow him to interact with the learning environment more effectively, to be an active subject of professional and pedagogical activity.
Organized Online Learning of Students in Universities and Schools: Didactics and Methodology
Authors: Gadzaova Lyudmila Petrovna , Goverdovskaya Elena Valentinovna , Alisultanova Esmira Dokuevna , Moiseenko Natalia Anatolievna
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the urgent aspects of online learning didactics. They are comprised of, for instance, organization and methods of organized learning, main principles of actions aimed at practical orientation; their objective is combination of the methods of distance learning, formation of efficient skills of students with social mediation, analysis of reasons of errors and their correction, pursuance of success in relevant areas. Organized online learning also provides opportunity for students to use all advantages of digital technologies: flexibility, individual distribution of learning duration, compatibility with other forms of occupation. In addition to digital know-how, organization of learning and independent work of distant students can develop self-discipline, sustainability of acquired skills. Students can use various digital sources of information available under various conditions in addition to that organized under the management of distance learning teacher.
The meaning of cash flow management for the non-bank housing developers
Authors: Sofyan Mochammad Syarif , Ludigdo Unti , Mulawarman Aji Dedi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate in more depth the meaning of cash flow management carried out by bank-less housing practitioners. This research, which uses Islamic phenomenology, involves Muslim practitioner informants trying to operate their business to comply with various sharia provisions and scholars informant who knows the bank-less housing business both in practice and the Islamic law. The findings indicate that cash flow means; (1) both material and non-material; (2) obedience to the implementation of cash flow management solutions in Islam; (3) creativity in cash flow management activities based on priority (compulsory, sunna, permissible); (4) justice obtained through muamalah contracts; (5) sharia oriented through the obligation to continue to communicate with the scholars.
The influence of store image on repurchase intention: the mediation role of perceived value and customer satisfaction
Authors: Ananda Angelia , Mugiono Mugiono , Hussein Ananda Sabil
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of store image on the repurchase intention of Matahari Department Store Mojokerto, Indonesia either directly or indirectly, by involving perceived value and customer satisfaction as mediating variables. This research is a quantitative study with data collection methods using a questionnaire. This study uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling type. This research was conducted on 175 respondents. The data analysis technique used SEM   (Structural   Equation   Modeling)   PLS with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.7 software. The results of the study provide empirical evidence that store images have not been able to affect the repurchase intention. Meanwhile, the perceived value and customer satisfaction can positively affect the repurchase intention significantly. Perceived value and customer satisfaction as mediating variables were able to strengthen the effect of store image on repurchase intention. Based on the results of mediation testing, shows that perceived value and customer satisfaction provide a full mediation on the effect of store image on repurchase intention.
Longitudinal associations between dispositional mindfulness and addictive behaviors in adolescents
Authors: Cortazar Nerea , Calvete Esther
Published: June 2021

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of addictive behaviors, and substance use (SU) and problematic Internet use (PIU) typically start during this developmental stage. Dispositional Mindfulness (DM) has been proposed as a protective factor for adolescents against numerous psychological problems. Previous studies have suggested that the Observing facet of DM may moderate the other facets’ roles. The objective of this study was to longitudinally analyze whether the facets of DM could predict lower levels of PIU and SU among adolescents, and to assess whether the Observing facet moderated the associations between the other facets of DM and addictive behaviors. A total of 836 participants aged 11 to 18 completed measures of PIU, SU, and the five facets of DM. The results indicated that Acting with Awareness predicted lower SU, Describing predicted an increase in both PIU and SU, and Non-judging marginally predicted lower PIU. Furthermore, Observing was beneficial against PIU when combined with high levels of Acting with Awareness, but was not when combined with high levels of Describing. The implications and future directions for the empirical study of DM against addictive behaviors are discussed.
Metodología utilizada para estimar la mortalidad atribuible a alcohol en España, 2001-2017
Authors: Donat Marta , Sordo Luis , Guerras Juan Miguel , Politi Julieta , Pulido José , Barrio Gregorio
Published: June 2021

El objetivo es describir y discutir los métodos y asunciones para estimar la mortalidad atribuible a alcohol en España en 2001-2017. Se estimó el nº medio anual de muertes atribuibles a alcohol (MAAs) basándose en 19 grupos de causas de muerte relacionadas con alcohol (18 parcialmente atribuibles y uno directamente atribuible), y 20 fracciones atribuibles poblacionales al alcohol (FAPs) para cada grupo de causas, resultantes de combinar sexo, 5 grupos de edad, y los períodos 2001-2009 y 2010-2017. Las muertes por causa se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Para las causas parcialmente atribuibles se calcularon FAPs específicas para España, usando la fórmula de Levin con datos de exposición al alcohol procedentes de encuestas de salud y estadísticas de ventas, y riesgos relativos procedentes de metanálisis internacionales. Se consideraron las prevalencias anuales de exbebedores y de siete niveles de consumo diario de alcohol. Se corrigió la subestimación del consumo medio diario autoinformado con respecto a las estadísticas de venta, multiplicando por un factor de 1,58-3,18, dependiendo del año-calendario. Se calcularon tasas de MAA y porcentajes de la mortalidad general atribuibles a alcohol estandarizados por edad, según sexo, grupo de edad, periodo-calendario, tipo de bebedor y comunidad autónoma. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad observando cómo cambiaban las estimaciones de MAA al hacerlo algunas opciones metodológicas, como el criterio de exbebedor o la introducción de un período de latencia.
Mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco en España: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Rey-Brandariz Julia , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Santiago-Pérez María Isolina , Varela-Lema Leonor , Giraldo-Osorio Alexandra , Mourino Nerea , Ruano-Ravina Alberto
Published: June 2021

La mortalidad atribuida (MA) al consumo de tabaco es un indicador que refleja la evolución de la epidemia tabáquica a nivel poblacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y describir los estudios publicados que hayan estimado MA al consumo de tabaco en España. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y EMBASE de los trabajos publicados hasta el 15/04/2021. Se incluyeron estudios que estimaron MA en España en su conjunto o en unidades territoriales. Se identificaron 146 estudios y 22 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La primera estimación de MA en España data de 1978 y la última de 2017. En 12 estudios se estimó la MA a nivel nacional, 8 en comunidades autónomas, 1 a nivel provincial y 1 en una ciudad. La mayoría de estimaciones se realizaron en adultos mayores de 34 años categorizados como fumadores, exfumadores y nunca fumadores. La mortalidad observada derivó en todos los estudios de registros oficiales y los riesgos relativos mayoritariamente del Cancer Prevention Study II. En el periodo analizado se observó una disminución en la carga de MA en relación con la mortalidad total. En España se dispone de estimaciones de MA a nivel global, pero no tienen periodicidad regular y es infrecuente que se realicen en unidades territoriales. Debido a variaciones en la metodología y en las fuentes de datos es difícil evaluar de forma precisa cambios en la MA. Sería necesario disponer de estimaciones periódicas globales y regionales para monitorizar correctamente la epidemia tabáquica en España.
Economic evaluations of interventions aimed at the prevention, treatment and/or rehabilitation of alcohol-related disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Trapero-Bertran Marta , Gil-Doménech Dolors , Vargas-Martínez Ana Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify economic evaluations of programmes or interventions aimed at the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of alcohol use disorders, as well as to determine those types of programmes, treatments or interventions that are efficient. The systematic literature review was conducted by searching the following databases: National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Health Technology Assessment (HTA), MEDLINE Ovid and PubMed. The search terms used were in English. No time restriction was applied. A data extraction form was used to draw information. The systematic review follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) on reporting systematic reviews. The interventions were classified into three categories: “A” treatments for people with alcohol use disorders (tertiary prevention); “B” treatments for people at risk for alcohol-related problems (secondary prevention); “C” policy legislation and enforcement interventions (primary prevention). Furthermore, the “A” interventions were subclassified into psychological, pharmacological and combined interventions. The review included 63 papers. In terms of treatments for people with alcohol use disorders, any psychosocial intervention compared to no intervention appeared to be a dominant strategy. In terms of treatments for people at risk of alcohol-related problems, brief intervention appears to be dominant or cost-effective when compared to no intervention. Advertising controls, tax increases, licensing, legal drinking age, and mass media campaigns seem to be dominant or cost-effective strategies compared to no intervention or random breath testing. Previous reviews have been extended by depicting alcohol programmes according to their efficiency. Despite this, the available studies in this regard have heterogeneous approaches and most do not adequately define the costs included in their analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the evaluation of the efficiency of these types of interventions to aid decision-making in public health.
Hiperemesis por cannabis vs vómitos cíclicos
Authors: Burillo-Putze Guillermo , Hernández-Ramos Iván , Isorna-Folgar Manuel
Published: June 2021

El síndrome de hiperemesis cannabinoide (SHC) es todavía bastante desconocido entre los clínicos españoles de cualquier especialidad, como el trabajo de Ochoa-Mangado y Madoz-Gúrpide (2021) pone de manifiesto y al que nos gustaría aportar otros aspectos a tener en cuenta.