bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CircSLC7A2 protects against osteoarthritis through inhibition of the miR‐4498/TIMP3 axis
Authors: Ni Weiyu , Jiang Chao , Wu Yizheng , Zhang Haitao , Wang Lili , Yik Jasper H.N. , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Fan Shunwu , Shen Shuying , Hu Ziang
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that compete against other endogenous RNA species, such as microRNAs, and have been implicated in many diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of a new circRNA (circSLC7A2) in osteoarthritis (OA).

Materials and Methods

The relative expression of circSLC7A2 was significantly lower in OA tissues than it was in matched controls, as shown by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Western blotting, RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence experiments were employed to evaluate the roles of circSLC7A2, miR‐4498 and TIMP3. The in vivo role and mechanism of circSLC7A2 were also conformed in a mouse model.

Results

circSLC7A2 was decreased in OA model and the circularization of circSLC7A2 was regulated by FUS. Loss of circSLC7A2 reduced the sponge of miR‐4498 and further inhibited the expression of TIMP3, subsequently leading to an inflammatory response. We further determined that miR‐4498 inhibitor reversed circSLC7A2‐knockdown‐induced OA phenotypes. Intra‐articular injection of circSLC7A2 alleviated in vivo OA progression in a mouse model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).

Conclusions

The circSLC7A2/miR‐4498/TIMP3 axis of chondrocytes catabolism and anabolism plays a critical role in OA development. Our results suggest that circSLC7A2 may serve as a new therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
Retinoic acid induces NELFA‐mediated 2C‐like state of mouse embryonic stem cells associates with epigenetic modifications and metabolic processes in chemically defined media
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Na Qin , Li Xihe , Tee Wee‐Wei , Wu Baojiang , Bao Siqin
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst‐stage embryos and cultured in different culture media with varied pluripotency. Sporadically, a small population of ESCs exhibit 2‐cell stage embryonic features in serum containing medium. However, whether ESCs can transit into 2‐cell embryo‐like (2C‐like) cells in the chemically defined media remains largely unknown.

Materials and Methods

We established a robust in vitro induction system, based on retinoic acid (RA) containing chemically defined media, which can efficiently increase the subpopulation of 2C‐like cells. Further test the pluripotency and 2C features of ESCs cultured in RA. 2C reporter‐positive cells were selected by FACS; the level of protein was detected via immunofluorescence staining and western blot; the level gene expressions were measured by RNA‐seq.

Results

Retinoic acid drives a NELFA (negative elongation factor A)‐mediated 2C‐like state in mouse ESCs, characterized with 2C‐specific transcriptional networks and the ability to contribute trophectoderm (TE) when injected into developing embryos. In addition, RA treatment triggers DNA hypomethylation, active histone modification, suppressed glycolysis metabolism and reduced protein synthesis activity of ESCs.

Conclusions

We showed that RA has a broader role in 2C‐like cells state, not only is one of the upstream regulators of the 2C‐like state in chemically defined media but also illuminates genetic and epigenetic regulations that govern ESCs to 2C‐like transition.
Transplantation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid–inducing M2‐phenotype macrophages promotes an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Han Gong Ho , Kim Seong Jun , Ko Wan‐Kyu , Lee Daye , Han In‐Bo , Sheen Seung Hun , Hong Je Beom , Sohn Seil
Published: May 2021

Objectives

In this study, we study the transplantation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)‐induced M2‐phenotype (M2) macrophages and their ability to promote anti‐neuroinflammatory effects and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model.

Methods

To this end, compared to the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), we evaluated whether TUDCA effectively differentiates bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) into M2 macrophages.

Results

The M2 expression markers in the TUDCA‐treated BMDM group were increased more than those in the GM‐CSF‐treated BMDM group. After the SCI and transplantation steps, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were significantly decreased in the TUDCA‐induced M2 group more than they were in the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and in the TUDCA group. Moreover, the TUDCA‐induced M2 group showed significantly enhanced tissue volumes and improved motor functions compared to the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and the TUDCA group. In addition, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)–labelled corticospinal tract (CST) axons and neuronal nuclei marker (NeuN) levels were increased in the TUDCA‐induced M2 group more than those in the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and the TUDCA group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the transplantation of TUDCA‐induced M2 macrophages promotes an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect and motor function recovery in SCI. Therefore, we suggest that the transplantation of TUDCA‐induced M2 macrophages represents a possible alternative cell therapy for SCI.
Prognostic factors of clot resolution on follow‐up computed tomography angiography and recurrence after a first acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Aranda Carlos , Gonzalez Paula , Gagliardi Lidia , Peralta Luisa , Jimenez Angel
Published: May 2021

Background

Recent studies seem to confirm the relationship between residual pulmonary obstruction (RPO) in pulmonary embolism (PE) and risk of recurrent thrombosis and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, the prognostic factors associated with PE resolution on follow‐up computed tomography angiography (CTA) are not clear.

Objectives

To determine the prognostic factors of resolution of PE diagnosed and monitored by CTA and the impact of RPO on late complications.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 241 patients with PE who had undergone a 12‐month follow‐up and CT scan evaluation at 6 months. Factors related to resolution and the impact of RPO on the outcome were analyzed.

Results

Resolution was achieved in 74.3% of all cases after 6 months of treatment. Absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR, 3.22 [1.35–7.71]; p = 0.009), provoked PE (OR, 2.02 [1.08–3.79]; p = 0.028), early initiation of treatment (<7 days) (OR, 2.42 [1.22–4.78]; p = 0.011), and degree of obstruction caused by the initial PE as indicated by a Qanadli score lower than 16 (OR, 2.12 [1.03–4.37]; p = 0.043) were associated with complete resolution. RPO was associated with recurrent PE as well as the combined endpoint consisting of recurrent VTE and/or CTEPH (4.67 [95% CI, 1.26–17.26]; p = 0.02) and (OR 6.4 [95% CI, 1.9–21.2]; p < 0.005), respectively.

Conclusions

Resolution of PE is associated with a lower risk of recurrent thrombosis. Earlier initiation of treatment improves prognosis as measured by resolution on follow‐up CTA.
Verifying the predicted risk of extinction based on ecological characteristics
Authors: Komonen Atte , Kotiaho Janne S.
Published: May 2021

Red List status of species should reflect species extinction risk. Because data are limited and species response has a time lag, species may be threatened by extinction even if they are not Red‐Listed. The ability to predict species risk of extinction from ecological characteristics holds promises for proactively targeting conservation measures to species at high risk. In 2005, the risk of extinction from ecological characteristics was predicted for 81 species of Finnish butterflies. Now, after 15 years and two additional national Red List assessments, these predictions are verified. Species with a higher risk of extinction according to the original ecological extinction risk rank (EERR) have indeed deteriorated further as judged by their Red List status, whereas species with a smaller risk of extinction according to EERR retained their Red List status or became more viable. The analysis confirms that predicting the risk of extinction based on ecological characteristics works in practice, and such a complementary approach to Red Listing could help us to advance conservation biology from the crisis discipline toward prognostic conservation practice.
Diet quality in adults with cerebral palsy: a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease prevention
Authors: Brown Meagan C , Marciniak Christina M , Garrett Ariane M , Gaebler‐Spira Deborah J
Published: May 2021

Aim

To assess diet quality and its relationship with cardiovascular health measures for adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A convenience sample of 45 adults with CP (26 females, 19 males; mean age 35y 10mo [SD 14y 9mo]). were recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Demographic, medical, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) information were obtained through in‐person visits. Participants completed two 24‐hour dietary recalls using the Automated Self‐Administered 24‐hour Dietary Assessment Tool. Specific macronutrient intake was compared to 2015 to 2020 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines. Other data included body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c;n=43).

Results

Adults across GMFCS levels I to V were enrolled, 20 participants were in GMFCS levels IV or V. Mean calorie intake was 1777.91/day (SD 610.54), while sodium intake was 3261.75mg/day (SD 1484.92). Five participants met USDA vegetable and seven fruit guidelines. None met whole grain targets. Sixteen were overweight/obese by BMI. Sixteen participants without hypertension diagnoses had elevated blood pressure and nine had abnormal HgA1c without prediabetes/diabetes history. Percent calories from saturated fat was inversely associated with WHR in unadjusted and adjusted models (p=0.002 and p=0.003 respectively); all other dietary recommendations assessed (total calories, sodium, and sugar) were non‐significant. Post hoc analyses were unchanged using 2020 to 2025 USDA guidelines.

Interpretation

Assessment of nutrient intake and diet quality is feasible and warrants further study in adults with CP, as USDA guidelines are largely unmet.

What this paper adds

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) do not meet US Department of Agriculture dietary quality recommendations.

Prediabetes and hypertension may be common, but unrecognized, in adults with CP.

Screening for nutrient intake and diet quality should be performed to facilitate nutritional counseling.
The Bern Early Recognition and Intervention Centre for mental crisis (FETZ Bern)—An 8‐year evaluation
Authors: Michel Chantal , Kaess Michael , Flückiger Rahel , Büetiger Jessica R. , Schultze‐Lutter Frauke , Schimmelmann Benno G. , Gekle Walter , Jandl Martin , Hubl Daniela , Kindler Jochen
Published: May 2021

Aim

Early detection of, and intervention for, psychosis during its prodromal phase has the potential to alter the course of the disease and has therefore become a major objective of modern clinical psychiatry. An increasing number of early detection and intervention services have been established in Europe and worldwide. This study aims to describe and evaluate an early detection and intervention service for children, adolescents and adults (FETZ Bern) aged from eight to 40 years with a population catchment area of 1.035 million in Bern, Switzerland.

Methods

Routine demographic, diagnostic and service usage data were collected upon admission to the service. Using a retrospective, descriptive and naturalistic study design, data was analysed for different age groups (children, adolescents and adults) and where available, outcome data after 12 and 24 months was evaluated.

Results

The FETZ Bern has received 827 referrals with full diagnostic data available for 353 patients. The majority of the assessed patients were young males. While 40% met criteria for a clinical high‐risk state of psychosis, 20% were diagnosed with fully manifest psychosis at time of admission, and another 40% had one or more non‐psychotic axis‐I diagnoses.

Conclusions

The FETZ Bern is the first early detection centre worldwide assessing children aged younger than 12 years, as well as adolescents and young adults in one service. Given that developmental peculiarities are important in understanding and ultimately treating psychosis, the FETZ Bern, with its emphasis on developmental peculiarities, should be considered as a model for other similar services.
Lacosamide‐induced personality changes: An unexpected adverse effect
Authors: Hamard Jacques , Rigal Mathieu , Gony Mireille , Bagheri Haleh
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To describe an ‘unexpected’ case of abrupt personality following the introduction of lacosamide.

Methods

A description of an 82‐year‐old male receiving neurological follow‐up since 2010 due to epilepsy secondary to haemorrhagic stroke. We report a case of abrupt personality change in an 82‐year‐old male following the introduction of lacosamide with a return to the previous state after its discontinuation. We explored possible mechanisms and pharmacokinetic concerns explaining this personality change.

Results

In fact, a few days after introducing lacosamide, the patient was described as ‘gentle’, ‘calm’ and apologetic for his past aggressions against his family and caregivers which was in complete contrast to his usual personality. There was also marked insistence and the use of sexualised language towards women in his close circle, especially his home nurses. In view of his insistent behaviour towards his nurses and unusual sexualised language, lacosamide was withdrawn. A few days later, the patient displayed his usual, vindictive, aggressive and forceful character. He no longer made any sexualised remarks to his home nurses.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first case of a sudden behavioural and personality change reported by family, friends and carers following the introduction of lacosamide.
Reconsidering movement and exposure: Towards a more dynamic health geography
Authors: Campbell Malcolm , Marek Lukáš , Hobbs Matthew
Published: May 2021

Acknowledging a paucity of emerging research, and some variation by sub‐field, the geographical measures of exposure used in health and medical geography have largely stagnated often focusing on residence‐based (‘static’) conceptualisations to define an individuals mobility or exposure. Detailed spatiotemporal data, such as smartphone data, allow richer understandings of the influence of the environment, or more broadly of place, on individual health outcomes and behaviours. However, while researchers are increasingly aware of such ‘dynamic’ definitions of place these are seldom employed in empirical evidence. Moreover, there may be differences in mobility by population groups which has not to our knowledge been examined fully. The main aim of this article is to provide a critical review of progress in the conceptualisation of location in health‐related geospatial research to understand the evolution of key concepts and to provoke the reader into considering the utility of a (more) dynamic health geography. We explore the origins of time geography, activity spaces, before moving to recent developments in the area of the exposome and the linked dynamic conceptualisations of exposure in health geography. To illuminate and operationalise findings from our review for readers, we provide a small case study to demonstrate how ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ approaches differ. Moreover, we consider why understanding heterogeneity in mobility could be particularly salient in the field of health geography, and to the discipline of geography more broadly. To conclude, we help readers understand the practical considerations of data privacy, the process of data collection, data processing, and interpretation, and dissemination of findings to offer practical assistance for those who are grappling with ‘dynamic’ definitions of mobility and conceptualisations of exposure.
Chemical and Mineralogical Mapping of Platinum‐Group Element Ore Samples Using Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Micro‐X‐Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Mohamed Nessrine , Rifai Kheireddine , Selmani Samira , Constantin Marc , Doucet François R. , Özcan Lütfü Ç. , Sabsabi Mohamad , Vidal François
Published: May 2021

Standard techniques for geochemical and mineralogical characterisation are time‐consuming, they can involve significant sample preparation and they are prone to error. The aim of this work is to show how the emerging fast laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique can be valuable for mineral exploration. For this purpose, the well‐established micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (µ‐XRF) technique was used to validate the LIBS data. Two ore samples from the platinum‐group elements (PGE) Lac des Îles mine (Ontario, Canada) were analysed both by LIBS and µ‐XRF. The fast mineralogical and elemental mapping provided by LIBS allowed the identification of four major silicate phases (chlorite, bytownite, actinolite, hornblende) and four minor sulfide phases (Pd‐bearing pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite). Multi‐element chemical mapping and mineral characterisation using µ‐XRF corroborated the LIBS analyses for the composition, distribution and abundance of minerals in PGE ore samples. These findings demonstrate the ability of the LIBS technique to perform direct fast high‐resolution mapping of the chemical and mineralogical composition of PGE ore samples. This work highlights the advantages of LIBS for this application of being much faster and more sensitive to trace elements (e.g., Pd), as well as to low atomic number elements.
Meflin defines mesenchymal stem cells and/or their early progenitors with multilineage differentiation capacity
Authors: Hara Akitoshi , Kato Katsuhiro , Ishihara Toshikazu , Kobayashi Hiroki , Asai Naoya , Mii Shinji , Shiraki Yukihiro , Miyai Yuki , Ando Ryota , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Takefuji Mikito , Murohara Toyoaki , Takahashi Masahide , Enomoto Atsushi
Published: May 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the likely precursors of multiple lines of mesenchymal cells. The existence of bona fide MSCs with self‐renewal capacity and differentiation potential into all mesenchymal lineages, however, has been unclear because of the lack of MSC‐specific marker(s) that are not expressed by the terminally differentiated progeny. Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein, is an MSC marker candidate that is specifically expressed in rare stromal cells in all tissues. Our previous report showed that Meflin expression becomes down‐regulated in bone marrow‐derived MSCs cultured on plastic, making it difficult to examine the self‐renewal and differentiation of Meflin‐positive cells at the single‐cell level. Here, we traced the lineage of Meflin‐positive cells in postnatal and adult mice, showing that those cells differentiated into white and brown adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and skeletal myocytes. Interestingly, cells derived from Meflin‐positive cells formed clusters of differentiated cells, implying the in situ proliferation of Meflin‐positive cells or their lineage‐committed progenitors. These results, taken together with previous findings that Meflin expression in cultured MSCs was lost upon their multilineage differentiation, suggest that Meflin is a useful potential marker to localize MSCs and/or their immature progenitors in multiple tissues.
Relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhu Xiaodan , Jiang Xiaojian , Li Meizhi , Chang Ru , Chen Bing , Liu Juan
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to explore the relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse. The sample for this study included 248 patients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hunan Province, China. Stressful life events, occurrence of schizophrenia relapse, and coping style were assessed by the Scale for the Social Readjustment Rating, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted to explore the relationships among coping styles, schizophrenia relapse, and stressful life events. Stressful life events and negative coping exhibited significant positive association with schizophrenia relapse, while positive coping exhibited a significant negative association with schizophrenia relapse. Stressful life events and positive coping exerted significant effects on schizophrenia relapse, while negative coping did not. We also found that both positive coping and negative coping have moderating effects on the relationship between stressful life events and schizophrenia relapse, but the relationship is weak. The study highlighted the importance of interventions designed to reduce stressful life events, promote positive coping, and address negative coping in patients with schizophrenia.
Effectiveness of skin cleanser and protectant regimen on incontinence‐associated dermatitis outcomes in acute care patients: A cluster randomised trial
Authors: Glass George Frederick , Goh Cheng Cheng Karine , Cheong Run Qi , Ong Zhi Lei , Khong Peck Chui Betty , Chan Ee‐Yuee
Published: May 2021

Skin cleansers and protectants protect skin from incontinent matter to reduce the risk of incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD), but their effectiveness treating established IAD in the tropics is unknown. We conducted an open‐label cluster randomised trial to compare the effectiveness of a combined regimen of (1) specialised skin cleansers with disposable body wipes and (2) either an acrylic terpolymer (T1) or zinc oxide (T2) skin protectant against disposable body wipes and zinc oxide protectant (control) in promoting IAD healing and reducing the risk of deterioration. Eighty‐four patients were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Singapore between April 2019 and January 2020 (T1: n = 23; T2: n = 37; Control: n = 24). Although not statistically significant, patients treated with T1 and T2 were 1.5 times as likely to experience IAD healing within seven days compared with the control (P = .66). Healing was more pronounced in participants with skin loss treated with T1 or T2. No treatment was superior in preventing IAD deterioration, the prevalence of which remained small (8%‐14%). While skin cleaning and protectants reduced the overall risk of skin deterioration, the addition of skin cleansers enhanced IAD healing within a short period, an important consideration for future research examining IAD treatment in acute care.
Revisiting the Conceptual Domain: Educational Knowledge and the Visual Arts
Authors: Green Bridget
Published: May 2021

In modern Western education, the visual arts have come to hold a problematic position in the school curriculum. Art is often classified by school leaders, students, parents and even teachers as different from other subjects; sometimes viewed as almost magical, enabling students to explore and develop an innate creativity; sometimes simply unimportant, a therapeutic respite from the more demanding academic subjects. In this article, I trace the problematic relationship between visual arts and educational knowledge. I propose that this dynamic prevents the function of robust assessment systems and constrains equal access. I investigate how my subject has been thus marginalised, with reference to curriculum and policy documents that influence my immediate situation, and turn to the work of educational sociologist Basil Bernstein and his followers, to define the problem and plot a possible future for art education. Bernstein’s model of the pedagogic device, his work on the recontextualisation of knowledge and his concept of pedagogic rights assist me in formulating a case for an articulated conceptual grammar in visual arts education.
The colonization of the Puna and Atacama Biogeographic Province by sister clades of Psectrascelis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Synchronous expansion without spatial overlap
Authors: Zúñiga‐Reinoso Alvaro , Ritter Benedikt , Predel Reinhard
Published: May 2021

Aim

We investigated the biogeographic pattern of the species‐rich genus Psectrascelis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Central Andes and the Chilean Atacama Desert as an example for insect evolution in such a geologically and climatically highly dynamic arid region. The main aim was to test two alternative hypotheses about the main drivers of diversification of biotas from deserts in the region: Andean uplift versus Pleistocene fragmentation/dispersal.

Location

South America, Central Andes, Atacama Desert.

Taxon

Psectrascelis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Methods

A phylogenetic tree based on cytochrome oxidase I, 16S and Wg genes was prepared for multiple individuals from 36 populations of the region representing 14 species or subspecies. Divergence times, ancestral ranges and biogeographic events that may have led to the current distribution and species diversity were estimated.

Results

The first split within the genus is not directly related to the Andean uplift but began at the time of global cooling at ~3.5 Ma, when the Andes had already reached their current altitude. Further differentiations of Psectrascelis lineages were mostly caused by common and more global drivers resulting in major clusters of diversifications at ~2.6–2.2 Ma, ~1.3–0.7 Ma and several subsequent events during the mid‐ to late Quaternary. Today, the two main clades of Psectrascelis almost meet each other after presumably synchronous range expansions along the Western Cordillera.

Main conclusions

Diversification of Psectrascelis has primarily been affected by global climate changes since the mid‐Pliocene and has involved multiple vicariance and jump dispersal events. We hypothesize that jump dispersal events have occasionally been accompanied by adaptation to stronger aridity, which paved the way for range expansion into previously unsuitable habitats and eventually led to synchronous colonizations without spatial overlap along different isohyets in the Western Cordillera during the late Pleistocene.
RAS‐association domain family 1A regulates the abnormal cell proliferation in psoriasis via inhibition of Yes‐associated protein
Authors: Jia Jinjing , Wang Ning , Zheng Yan , Mo Xiumei , Zhang Yu , Ye Siqi , Liu Junfeng , Yan Fenggen , Li Hongyi , Chen Dacan
Published: May 2021

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a high incidence and recurrence; however, its exact pathogenesis and aetiology remain unclear. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the upstream negative regulator RAS‐association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) on Yes‐associated protein (YAP) in psoriasis. Skin lesions of 22 patients with psoriasis and 19 healthy controls were used. Human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated by M5 (IL‐1α, IL‐17, IL‐22, TNF‐α and oncostatin M) were used to establish a psoriatic cell model. BALB/c mice treated with topical imiquimod were used to establish a psoriatic mouse model. As the methylation level of RASSF1A increased, its expression in psoriatic patients and mice model decreased. Addition of the methylation inhibitor 5‐Aza‐CdR or RASSF1A‐overexpressing lentivirus vector increased RASSF1A and reduced YAP expression; meanwhile improved skin lesions, reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, increased apoptosis, reduced inflammatory cytokines and activities of ERK, STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling pathways. The results indicated that RASSF1A could play a role in the treatment of psoriasis by inhibiting YAP expression. Based on these findings, targeted drugs that can inhibit the methylation or increase the expression of RASSF1A may be useful for treating psoriasis.
ZEB1 serves as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia via regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by combining with P53
Authors: Li Lanlan , Feng Yubin , Hu Shuang , Du Yan , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Meiju , Peng Xiaoqing , Chen Feihu
Published: May 2021

Acute myeloid leukaemia is a complex, highly aggressive hematopoietic disorder. Currently, in spite of great advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for AML patients with initial treatment failure is still poor. Therefore, the need for novel and efficient therapies to improve AML treatment outcome has become desperately urgent. In this study, we identified the expression of ZEB1 (a transcription factor) and focused on its possible role and mechanisms in the progression of AML. According to the data provided by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), high expression of ZEB1 closely correlates with poor prognosis in AML patients. Additionally, the overexpression of ZEB1 was observed in both AML patients and cell lines. Further functional experiments showed that ZEB1 depletion can induce AML differentiation and inhibit AML proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was negatively correlated with tumour suppressor P53 expression and ZEB1 can directly bind to P53. Our results also revealed that ZEB1 can regulate PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The inhibitory effect of ZEB1 silencing on PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway could be significantly reversed by P53 small interfering RNA treatment. Overall, the present data indicated that ZEB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for AML treatment or a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.
Adverse obstetric outcomes in early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Yasuda Shun , Murata Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Toma , Yamaguchi Akiko , Kanno Aya , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: May 2021

Aims/Introduction

To examine adverse outcomes in women with early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus using data from a large birth cohort study in Japan.

Materials and Methods

This study analyzed data from singleton pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study including births during 2011–2014. Mothers with an HbA1c level ≥6.5% in the first trimester, a history of diabetes mellitus, or steroid use during pregnancy were excluded. The participants were divided into three groups: control (without gestational diabetes mellitus), early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (diagnosed before gestational week 24), and late‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (diagnosed after gestational week 24). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the risk of early‐diagnosed and late‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus for adverse obstetrics outcomes.

Results

In total, 100,376 eligible participants were included in this study. The number of individuals in control cases, early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus cases, and late‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus cases was 98,090 (97.7%), 751 (0.7%), and 1,535 (1.5%), respectively. When control cases were used as reference, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus increased the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 2.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.51–2.86), early‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–3.65), and late‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–2.86).

Conclusion

Early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with serious obstetric complications. Our findings indicate the necessity of further investigations to validate the benefit of early screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women.
Institutionalization of older French adults with dementia: Role of the informal carer's degree of kinship
Authors: Huvent‐Grelle Dominique , Ficheur Grégoire , Beuscart Jean Baptiste , Genin Michaël , Vaudreuil Claire , Boulanger Eric , Puisieux François
Published: May 2021

Background

The institutionalization of a patient with Alzheimer's disease or other dementia (ADOD) is the last resort for the latter's family and/or caregivers. We hypothesized that the degree of kinship between the patient and his/her caregiver would influence the likelihood of institutionalization.

Objective

To assess the association between institutionalization of patients with ADOD and the degree of kinship with the family caregiver.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of patients with ADOD aged 75 or over attending a memory center in France for the first time between 2011 and 2014, as recorded in the French National Alzheimer Database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with institutionalization after adjustment for age, sex, the Mini‐Mental State Examination score, educational level, and type of dementia.

Results

A total of 52,874 patients were included. The primary caregiver was most often a child (54.8%) or the spouse (36.7%). Compared with the “spouse” reference category, all the other caregiver categories were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of institutionalization; the odds ratio [95% confidence interval] was 4.68 [3.67–5.92] when the carer was a grandchild, 5.48 [4.93–6.09] for a child, 4.93 [4.11–5.91] for a daughter‐/son‐in‐law, 8.76 [7.15–10.70] for a sibling, and 8.93 [7.48–10.65] for a niece/nephew.

Conclusion

The likelihood of institutionalization of older patients with ADOD varied with the degree of kinship. Compared with the “spouse” reference category, the likelihood was higher for all other types of caregivers but was especially high when the caregiver was not a direct descendant of the patient.
Therapy outcomes for neurodiverse couples: Exploring a solution‐focused approach
Authors: Parker Michele L. , Mosley Marissa A.
Published: May 2021

The need for clinical approaches that address romantic relationship concerns of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been essentially overlooked. There are a growing number of recommendations in the available literature to increase the availability and evaluation of treatment approaches that are appropriate for couples that include an adult with ASD. The aim of the present study was to explore clinical outcomes of a neurodiverse couple who participated in twelve sessions of solution‐focused brief therapy. Our findings indicated both partners experienced improvement in the target complaints, communication and emotional awareness. On the other hand, each partner had a different trajectory of change in relationship satisfaction over the course of treatment. Directions for future research and implications for couple therapy with adults diagnosed with ASD are discussed.
The neuropathy in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: A narrative review
Authors: Tozza Stefano , Severi Daniele , Spina Emanuele , Iovino Aniello , Aruta Francesco , Ruggiero Lucia , Dubbioso Raffaele , Iodice Rosa , Nolano Maria , Manganelli Fiore
Published: May 2021

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a condition with adult onset, caused by mutation of the transthyretin (TTR) gene and characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in tissue, especially in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and heart. PNS involvement leads to a rapidly progressive and disabling sensory‐motor axonal neuropathy. Although awareness among neurologists increased in recent years thanks to new treatment options, ATTRv is frequently misdiagnosed, and thus a correct diagnosis can be delayed by several years. This review aims to draw the history and features of polyneuropathy in ATTRv based on pathological and electrophysiological correlates. We assessed original articles and case reports based on their relevance to ATTRv neuropathy and we included those appropriate for the scheme of this narrative review. Amyloid fibrils initially deposit in ganglia, causing an axonal neuropathy without amyloid deposits in distal segments (eg, sural nerve biopsy). Over time, amyloid fibrils spread along the nerves, leading to some demyelinating features in the context of severe axonal loss. This review highlights how the features of neuropathy change based on type of ATTRv (early vs late onset) and stage of disease.
Invitro effect of pine bark extract on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, production of endothelin‐1, and PPAR in cultured melanocytes exposed to Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Visible light radiation
Authors: Leis Ayres Eloisa , dos Santos Silva Jonadab , Eberlin Samara , Facchini Gustavo , Vasconcellos Cidia , Da Costa Adilson
Published: May 2021

Background

French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster) extract (PBE), the registered trade name of which is Pycnogenol®, has been studied for its depigmenting action due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐melanogenic activity. However, the mechanisms through which PBE are still not fully clear.

Objective

Evaluate the impact of PBE on four in vitro parameters closely associated with cutaneous pigmentation, including melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, endothelin‐1 (ED1), and production of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α, δ, and γ (PPAR α, δ, and γ), by studying the modulation of action of ultraviolet radiation A (UVA)/ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), infrared‐A (IR‐A), visible light (VL), and association of UVA/UVB, IR‐A, and VL (ASS).

Methods

Human melanocytes were incubated in a dry extract solution of PBE, exposed to UVA/UVB, IR‐A, VL, and ASS for subsequent quantification of melanin, ED1, and PPAR α, δ, and γ. The effects of PBE on inhibition of tyrosinase activity were also performed by monophenolase activity assay.

Results

UVA/UVB, IR‐A, VL, and ASS radiation caused significant increases in the synthesis of melanin, ED1, and PPAR α, δ, and γ when compared to baseline control. However, PBE significantly reduced the production of melanin, ED1, and PPAR α, δ, and γ, as well as reducing about 66.5% of the tyrosinase activity.

Conclusions

PBE reduces in vitro melanin production by downregulating tyrosinase and reducing pigmentation‐related mediators, such as ED1 and PPAR α, δ, and γ, therefore contributing to the inhibition of pathways associated with skin hyperpigmentation.
The Effect of Showing Images of the Foetus with the Virtual Reality Glass During Labour Process on Labour Pain, Birth Perception and Anxiety
Authors: Akin Bihter , Yilmaz Kocak Mine , Küçükaydın Zehra , Güzel Kübra
Published: May 2021

Aim and objectives

This study was conducted to determine the effect of showing images of the foetus to the pregnant women with the virtual reality glass during labour process on labour pain, childbirth perception and anxiety level.

Background

Virtual reality is an effective and inexpensive method that allows the creation of simulated scenarios in which it interacts with the virtual environment with multisensory stimuli.

Design

This is a randomised controlled experimental study. This study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The study was enrolled in the Clinical Trials database (NCT04664114).

Methods

The study included 100 pregnant women (50 intervention group and 50 control group). Ultrasound images of the foetus were recorded on the 28th week of pregnancy of the women in the intervention group. These images were shown to the women with the virtual reality glass during labour process. Routine procedures were carried out for the women in the control group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was applied to both groups when cervical dilatation was 4 cm and 9 cm. The Women's Perception for the Scale of Supportive Care Given During Labor (POBS) and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) were applied almost two hours after labour.

Results

The VAS scores of the women in the intervention group with 9 cm dilatation and their PASS mean scores were significantly lower than women in the control group while their POBS score were significantly higher (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that showing images of the foetus to women with virtual reality decreased labour pain and anxiety level.

Relevance to clinical practice

It is known that supportive care given during labour is important both for the mother's and baby's health. Therefore, it is important that nurses and midwives, who spend the most time with women and provide the most support, reduce the pain and anxiety of the woman with nonpharmacological practices and make them feel positive feelings about delivery.
Occupational stressors in oncology nurses: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Soheili Mozhgan , Taleghani Fariba , Jokar Fariba , Eghbali‐Babadi Maryam , Sharifi Mehran
Published: May 2021

Aim and objectives

The present study aims at exploring oncology nurses’ perceptions regarding work‐related stressors.

Background

Oncology nurses work in an environment with a high degree of stress, which can negatively affect their health. There is limited research on work‐related stressors from the oncology nurses’ perspective.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Fifty‐two oncology nurses were selected purposefully from eight cancer treatment centres in different cities of Iran. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and analysed using conventional content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to document the report of the study.

Results

The extracted contents were classified into four main categories. The first category involved personal ability with two subcategories (person‐job fit and psychological competencies). The second category included physical environment arrangements with two subcategories (physical working conditions and equipment and facilities). The third category involved psychosocial safety in the workplace with four subcategories (creating a safe work environment, overcoming the challenges of providing care to cancer patients, work/life balance and social recognition of the nursing status). The fourth category holds an organisational context with four subcategories (organisational support, interpersonal relations, justice at work and human resources).

Conclusion

It is necessary to find measures attenuating work‐related stresses in oncology nurses. These measures should be in line with developing personal abilities in nurses and creating a safe environment in terms of optimising physical, psychosocial and organisational conditions. It is also important to develop programmes protecting the oncology nurses’ occupational health.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of this study can help improve nursing work conditions, attenuate work‐related stresses in nurses and introduce efficient interventions reducing occupational stressors.
Pediatric home confinement due to COVID‐19: Somatic and anxiety spectrum consequences
Authors: Garcia‐Adasme Salvador I. , Cárdenas‐Rebollo José M. , Jimenez‐Perianes Ana , Lalinde Margarita , Jimeno Sara , Ventura Paula S. , Díaz Alvaro , López‐Escobar Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Aims and Objectives

We aimed to determine the impact of COVID‐19 related home confinement on the paediatric population by focusing on anxiety, behavioural disturbances and somatic symptoms.

Background

To limit the spread of the COVID‐19 outbreak, governments have imposed nationwide lockdowns to prevent direct contact; this has affected everyday lives and activities such as attending school classes. Such isolation may have impacted children’s anxiety levels.

Design and Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using a web‐based anonymous questionnaire from 22–26 April, 2020, among children (N = 2,292) in Spain. For children below 7 years of age, parents reported the children’s behavioural, emotional and somatic symptoms and family environment data on a questionnaire designed by the researchers. Children over 7 years answered the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale either independently or with their parents’ assistance.

Results

Children over 7 years, boys in particular, scored high on the anxiety spectrum. Moreover, participants who knew someone who had suffered from COVID‐19 at home or whose parent was directly involved in the pandemic, obtained higher Total Anxiety scores. Significantly high values were found in all aspects of anxiety among those who feared infection or whose parents been unemployed. Of the children below 7 years, 56.3% had four or more anxiety‐related symptoms, the most frequent of which were tantrums, emotional changes, restlessness and fear of being alone. The number of symptoms reported was significant when someone in the family home had been infected with COVID‐19.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 home confinement had a significant impact on children, causing anxiety, behavioural problems and somatic manifestations.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses play a key role in screening children who have experience confinement owing to the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to detect early anxiety symptoms using tele‐health. Suitable direct interventions can then be implemented or interdisciplinary manage could be started.
Genome‐wide identification, phylogeny and transcriptional profiling of SNARE genes in Cytospora chrysosperma
Authors: Li Xueyan , Xiong Dianguang , Tian Chengming
Published: May 2021

Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are the central components involved in membrane vesicle trafficking to target membranes. The SNARE‐mediated vesicle fusion machinery is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. With the increasing availability of genome sequences, many complete sets of SNAREs have been identified in different organisms. However, SNAREs are still enigmatic in Cytospora chrysosperma, a notorious plant pathogenic fungus that can infect more than 80 forest tree species and cause canker disease. In this study, we identified 22 SNARE candidate genes in C. chrysosperma by using bioinformatics methods. Based on structural and phylogenetic analyses, the members of the SNAREs repertoire of C. chrysosperma were highly conserved as other fungal species, which could be divided into four main subfamilies: Qa‐, Qb‐, Qc‐ and R‐SNAREs. The expression profiles revealed that several of these genes exhibited differential expression during the initial infection stages. For example, CcVam7 was significantly upregulated at 3 days post‐infection (dpi), while CcSec22 was significantly downregulated at 1 and 3 dpi, indicating their putative roles of SNAREs in the infection process. The systematic identification and expression analysis of SNAREs provide insights into the functions of the SNARE genes in C. chrysosperma.