bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological framework for the reversible chemical regeneration of water wells
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus, Amelishko I. E. , Ivashechkin V. V. ,   Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
Published: December 2020

Groundwater is mainly used for water supply of cities, rural settlements and industries in the Republic of Belarus. About 90% of water wells operate at reduced specific production rates as a consequence of biological and chemical clogging. Due to the insufficient efficiency of existing regeneration methods, the average service life of water wells rarely exceeds 18–20 years, which is significantly shorter than the estimated life. In this regard, creation of the effective and simple regeneration methods is becoming an urgent scientific and practical problem of great importance. A reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly has been designed for water wells; it consists of a compressor, hoses and a submersible device in the form of a two-chamber pneumatic displacement pump. The advantage of this assembly is the absence of a circulation pump in its configuration and the possibility of efficient treatment of a limited filter interval. A technology for the regeneration of water wells using the reversible pulse-and-chemical regeneration assembly is proposed. The installation, hoisting and other related operations should be carried out using a truck crane with a telescopic lifting boom. The reagent can be universal acid cleansing agent Deskam TU RB 37430824.001-97. One of the advantages of water well regeneration using the proposed assembly is the reverse movement of the reagent in gravel filter. Two regeneration modes were tested on a laboratory scale: the reversible flow and one-way flow of the reagent. The analysis of the laboratory research data shows that the use of the reversible mode of the reagent movement significantly reduces the cleaning time required for the removal of colmatant from the gravel filter as compared with the one-way flow of the reagent.
Manmade deposit formation and geological environment monitoring at salt dumps and sludge storages
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus, Khalyavkin F. G. , Onika S. G. ,   Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus, Voloshin A. I. ,   Polaykov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnepr, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The integrated subsoil management is currently in the spotlight in the world. In this regard, associated minerals and waste should be widely involved in satisfaction of needs of production. To this effect, it is required to define predictive indicators of the status of provision and consumption, to develop methods of waste piling and storage, to estimate extra expenses connected with arrangement of waste storage facilities and to undertake predictive performance appraisal of new processing technologies for mining waste. In the Republic of Belarus, the most serious adverse impact is exerted on the geological environment by the geographically distributed industries and, for the first turn, by the potash mining industry, which is associated with new manmade formations—salt dumps and sludge storages. This waste represents water-soluble salt, insoluble residue and mother brine. Each component has a harmful influence on the environment. This article presents the studies on justification of geological environment monitoring at such manmade deposits. The research findings are the framework for the protection of adjacent areas of salt dumps and sludge storage facilities from the aggravating impact of this mining waste.
Informal Disaster Governance
Authors: Duda Patrizia Isabelle , Kelman Ilan , Glick Navonel
Published: December 2020

Scholars and practitioners are increasingly questioning formal disaster governance (FDG) approaches as being too rigid, slow, and command-and-control driven. Too often, local realities and non-formal influences are sidelined or ignored to the extent that disaster governance can be harmed through the efforts to impose formal and/or political structures. A contrasting narrative emphasises so-called bottom-up, local, and/or participatory approaches which this article proposes to encapsulate as Informal Disaster Governance (IDG). This article theorises IDG and situates it within the long-standing albeit limited literature on the topic, paying particular attention to the literature’s failure to properly define informal disaster risk reduction and response efforts, to conceptualise their far-reaching extent and consequences, and to consider their ‘dark sides.’ By presenting IDG as a framework, this article restores the conceptual importance and balance of IDG vis-à-vis FDG, paving the way for a better understanding of the ‘complete’ picture of disaster governance. This framework is then considered in a location where IDG might be expected to be more powerful or obvious, namely in a smaller, more isolated, and tightly knit community, characteristics which are stereotypically used to describe island locations. Thus, Svalbard in the Arctic has been chosen as a case study, including its handling of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, to explore the merits and challenges with shifting the politics of disaster governance towards IDG.
Research on Politics of Disaster Risk Governance: Where Are We Headed?
Authors: Hilhorst Dorothea , Boersma Kees , Raju Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

This thematic issue aims at unravelling how the global consensus towards a shift to risk reduction and inclusive disaster governance evolves in everyday governance practices, where roles and responsibilities are evolving and negotiated, permeated by politics of power and legitimacy. It identifies three different dimensions of disaster governance. The first is the formal dimension: the way governance arrangements are designed or meant to work. The second is ‘real’ governance: the way in which formal governance arrangements manifest and evolve in actual practice. The third is invisible governance: an amalgam of household and neighbourhood-level activities and networks for disaster response that happen outside of the gaze of the formalized governance arrangements. The 21 articles in this issue address the politics of governance based on thorough empirical work, while theoretically contributing to several themes relating to the politics of disaster governance. The outcomes of the thematic issue are: 1) The three governance dimensions are useful to reveal what the roles and room for manoeuvre is of different actors, including governments, international community, experts, non-state actors and affected communities; 2) Technical solutions for risk reduction and disaster response crucially rely on socio-technical, political, and administrative systems and processes and hence need to be adjusted to the specific context; and 3) The political nature of disaster governance calls for a deeper understanding to advance accountability to affected populations.
Measurement Strategies for Street-Level SLAM Laser Scanning of Urban Environments
Authors: Keitaanniemi Aino , Kukko Antero , Virtanen Juho-Pekka , Vaaja Matti T.
Published: December 2020

Data collection for street-level mapping is currently executed with terrestrial (TLS) or mobile laser scanners (MLS). However, these methods have disadvantages such as TLS requiring a lot of time and MLS being dependent on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). These are not problems if we use simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based laser scanners. We studied the utility of a SLAM ZEB-REVO scanner for mapping street-level objects in an urban environment by analyzing the geometric and visual differences with a TLS reference. In addition to this, we examined the influence of traffic on the measurement strategy. The results of the study showed that SLAM-based laser scanners can be used for street-level mapping. However, the measurement strategy affects the point clouds. The strategy of walking trajectory in loops produced a 2 cm RMS and 4-6 mm mode of error even in not optimal situations of the sensor in the urban environment. However, it was possible to get an RMS under 2.2 cm and a 32 cm mode of error with other measurement strategies.
Digital Transition Outcomes: From Online Reality to Mixed Reality
Authors: Soldatova G.U. , Rasskazova E.I.
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, when most people are on the Internet and “connected” most time of the day and night, the Internet becomes a place of the socialization of modern children and adolescents, which requires a rethinking of changes in user activity, digital competence and online risks in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare user activity, online risks, and digital competence in adolescents and parents according to three population studies carried out in 2010, 2013, and 2019. The data of 1219 parents of 12—17-year-old adolescents and 1553 adolescents aged 12-17 years from 15 regions of Russia who replied to the research questions in 2019 were compared with the answers of 1203 adolescents aged 12—17 years and 1209 parents in 2013, as well as with the answers of 685 pairs “parent — teenager aged 12—16 years” in 2010. It was shown that a higher level of user activity by 2019 allows suggesting its transformation into experience of a “combined” reality, manifested at an objective level in complementing the online activity with most of daytime activities and at a subjective level — in adolescents’ experience of reality as combined and not divided into online and offline. Compared to 2010, adolescents are significantly less likely to encounter sexual content and malware online, but more often experience cyber-aggression and public revealing of their personal information without their consent. The overall level of digital competency by 2019 is higher than in 2013 for both adolescents and parents, with the largest changes related to responsibility, and the minimum changes — to motivation to improve their knowledge.
Online and Offline Behavior: Does one Predict Another?
Authors: Bovina I.B. , Dvoryanchikov N.V.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship between online and offline behavior by using the online disinhibition effect as an example. A person behaves differently online in comparison with the same situations offline. The two forms of disinhibition are discussed: 1) benign or positive disinhibition, when a person shares very personal information, reveals his secrets, fears, does not hide his emotional state, his experiences, he tries to help the other, showing extreme generosity and care 2) toxic or negative disinhibition — when a person shows rudeness towards the other, expresses sharp criticism or even threats, visits the sites, the content of which is very difficult to understand. Appealing to constructs such as deindividuation, reduced social cues, self-awareness — sheds light on the online disinhibition effect and allows us to talk about how behavior on the network relates towards offline behavior.
History of Personality and Personality in History: On the 20th Anniversary of the Publication of the Monograph by A.V. Tolstykh "The Experience of Concrete Historical Psychology of Personality"
Authors: Ilyin V.A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the main provisions of the original concept of personality development by A.V. Tolstykh, relatively little known today due to the early death of this prominent representative of the cultural-historical tradition in psychology. It is shown that within the framework of A.V. Tolstykh, the process of personality development is a three-phase dynamic structure aimed at integrating the individual with the mankind as a full-fledged subject of ancestral life — “historical, cultural, social”. The article describes the methodology based on a polydisciplinary approach to the study of psychological phenomena used by A.V. Tolstykh which allowed him to successfully solve a number of fundamental problems associated with the study of the phenomenology of personality and, thereby, make a real contribution to the development of cultural-historical psychology. We argue that the monograph by A.V. Tolstykh is an essential and even unique textbook for an in-depth study of personality development, both within the framework of the cultural-historical concept itself, and in a wide personal and socio-psychological context.
On the non-homogeneous effect of financial transaction taxes
Authors: Thöni Patrick
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the impact of a financial transaction tax (FTT) in a classic financial market setting. The benchmark analysis is based on an extension of the model presented in Kyle (1985). Opposed to the existing literature, I am able to find equilibrium values with a linear tax. Results of the benchmark model confirm standard findings of FTTs, such as an increased bid–ask spread and an overall less deep market. Importantly, I find that the introduction of a tax leads to a non–linear pricing function. In turn, the model predicts a decrease in market depth and trading aggressiveness for small trades, whereas for larger trades the introduction of an FTT only leads to increased prices and spreads.
Analysis of providing medical care to patients with diabetes in foreign countries
Authors: Pervyshin Nikolai A. , Lebedeva Inna V. , Lebedeva Elena A.
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article analyzed the publications devoted to the prospects of medical care to diabetic patients abroad. The main attention is paid to gross observational pharmacoeconomical studies as the most effective tool for planning and organization of specialized medical care for patients with diabetes. There is a tendency to increase the role of outpatient care for sufferers, as well as to introduce the elements of standardization, modern information and communication technologies into clinical practice. The challenges of implementation of medical information systems (MIS) to manage the quality of medical care in clinical practice are also pointed out. Proper evaluation of quality parameters is impossible without a complex process of collecting primary medical data with the use of modern computer technology. To ensure the reliability and relevance of information, it is desirable that it is collected and entered into the database by the attending physician directly at the outpatient reception hours. AWPE DM (automated workplace of an endocrinologist for outpatient admission of patients with diabetes mellitus) is a computer program designed to collect medical data of outpatients without additional working time expenditures, followed by a printout of the formalized protocol. Its application in everyday practice allows to solve the local problem of formalization and informational support of primary care to diabetic patients, to systematize the processes of collecting primary medical information. In the future, data provided by AWPE DM can be exported to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus (FRDM) in order to update its database.
Congenital cleft lip and palate in children from Tajikistan in 2009–2019
Authors: Abdurahmonov Abdugafor Z.
Published: December 2020

We analyzed the dynamics of congenital cleft lip and palate in children and studied the archival data of the National Medical Center Shifobakhsh (Dushanbe) of the Republic of Tajikistan on the incidence of outpatient visits due to this abnormality in the Republic of Tajikistan over the period from 2009 to 2019. The number of children born with congenital cleft has been increasing for the last ten years. We found out this pathology to develop in families with in-and-in marriage, it also depends upon the sex of a child. Boys are more prone to maxillofacial anomalies.
Study of the quality of the marginal gap of artificial crown frames made with the use of traditional and digital technologies
Authors: Zhulev Evgenii N. , Vokulova Yuliya A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality of the marginal gap of the frames of artificial crowns made with the use of CAD/CAM system and by casting method.

Materials and methods. The article presents an assessment of the quality of the edge fitting of artificial crown frames made by means of CAD/CAM system KaVo ARCTICA on digital images of dentition created by intraoral laser scanner iTero Cadent and frames made of Co-Cr by the method of casting. The Image J computer program was used to study the quality of the marginal gap of artificial crown frames. For statistical analysis of the obtained data nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for the evaluation of the related samples.

Results. We found that the average value of the marginal gap between the tooth stump of the experimental model and the frames of artificial crowns made in the KaVo ARCTICA Engine milling and grinding machine from the titanium blank Titan-Blank is 21.79 microns. The average value of the cement gap of the frames of artificial crowns made by the traditional casting method is 77.18 microns. The value of the marginal gap of artificial crown frames made by using the CAD/CAM system KaVo ARCTICA was 2.8 times less than the value of the marginal gap of frames made by the traditional casting method with a significance level of р 0.05 (V-Wilcoxon criterion for related samples = 0, р = 0.001).

Conclusion. The results of our study indicate that the frames of artificial crowns made with the use of CAD/CAM system KaVo ARCTICA have a greater dimensional accuracy of the marginal gap compared to the frames of artificial crowns made by the traditional casting method.
La sepultura en el marco de los derechos humanos. Un análisis desde su contextualización en el derecho iberoamericano
Authors: Ortega García Erick , Arias Gayoso Grethel
Published: December 2020

Las prácticas sociales y costumbres determinan la presencia y relación con la muerte. Emerge, así, la necesidad de asegurarse qué tratamiento ha de efectuarse sobre los restos físicos propios. En este contexto, existe ambivalencia de la legitimidad para disponer sobre su propio cadáver. Las normas del derecho público ponderan su tratamiento solo en defensa de la colectividad por cuestiones de salubridad. Es entonces que se enarbola la prominencia de un derecho inalienable al ser humano: el derecho a la sepultura, o derecho del hombre sobre su cadáver. Aunque carece de reconocimiento en los textos constitucionales estudiados, esta ausencia se intenta suplir con leyes sobre cadáveres, cementerios y sanitarias. Sin embargo, por la falta de una ordenación común, no guardan unicidad
Interpretación constitucional y derecho antidiscriminatorio. A propósito del caso Bostock y el futuro del originalismo
Authors: Nuevo López Pablo
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza el reciente pronunciamiento de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos en el caso Bostock v. Clayton County, en el que consideró que la prohibición de discriminación por razón de sexo de la Ley de derechos civiles de 1964 protege también frente a la discriminación por razón de orientación sexual o de identidad de género. Dado que el ponente que refleja la opinión mayoritaria de la Corte es el juez Neil Gorsuch —nombrado por el presidente Trump para el cargo, y defensor del originalismo y el textualismo como métodos de interpretación jurídica—, se presta especial atención al modo en que dicha teoría influye en el razonamiento de la opinión de la mayoría, lo mismo que en los votos particulares de los jueces Alito y Kavanaugh.
Los tribunales constitucionales como órganos fronterizos: una mirada a la experiencia del juez constitucional italiano en las fronteras de la vida humana
Authors: Iadicicco Maria Pia , Laneve Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo propone una reflexión sobre la posición de la Corte Constitucional italiana frente a algunas cuestiones ética y científicamente controvertidas, en particular, la procreación médicamente asistida y el aborto, para comprobar si en este ámbito temático la Corte Constitucional opera efectivamente como «institución fronteriza» entre el legislador y los jueces y entre el ordenamiento jurídico interno y externo.
Role of methotrexate in ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Pandya Munjal J. , Ninama Neha V. , Thummar Chirag V. , Patel Meet K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an acute emergency in obstetric if not timely diagnosed and timely treated. Ectopic pregnancy is leading cause of death in first trimester. Ectopic pregnancy can be managed surgically or medically. Medical management with Methotrexate administration avoids anesthesia in surgery, is cost effective and also offers success rate comparable to surgical management. Aim and objectives were to study the role of methotrexate in ectopic pregnancyMethods: This will be a retrospective observational study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of AMC MET medical college. Study group constitutes of 30 females with ectopic pregnancy. Preliminary blood investigations, ultrasonography and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hcg) level will be tested. Patients will be treated with single dose of methotrexate 50 mg/M2. Follow up b-hcg level will be done after 48 hours. Response and tolerance to methotrexate will be monitored.Results: The success rate of methotrexate therapy in our study was 83.33% (n=25) and 16.66% (n=5) required surgical intervention with tubal ruptured and abdominal pain.Conclusions: Methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancies is safe and effective with no major side effects. It has the advantage of tubal conservation and saves patients from surgical intervention.
Nail changes in construction site workers: an observational study
Authors: Kamra Nidhi , Sardana Sahil
Published: December 2020

Background: Nail changes are common in occupational labourers but no studies have been done pertaining to construction site workers. We studied nail changes in labourers working at various construction sites.Methods: 50 labourers of age group 10-65 years and both sexes were enrolled for the study. Changes in nail apparatus were studied by dividing into nail plate, nail bed and nail fold changes.Results: Males outnumbered females in our study. Most of the labourers were in age group of 10-25 years. Most common nail plate changes were Longitudinal ridging and discoloration of nail plate; nail bed were onycholysis, subungual hemorrhage, onycholysis and nail fold changes were absent cuticle and hang nail.Conclusions: Adequate preventive measures are required at construction site workplace to prevent long standing nail sequalae.
Research and Enlightenment of General Education Curriculum in Columbia University
Authors: Deng Lin
Published: December 2020

At present, the competition for talents in higher education around the world is very fierce. Under the demand of reform and the development trend of global higher education, the development of general education in Chinese universities is very important. As a non-professional, non-utilitarian education, general education The fundamental purpose of education is to cultivate the social responsibility of talents so that they can actively participate in social life and achieve comprehensive development. General education courses are a concentrated expression of the concept of general education. Research on the practice of general education is conducive to the improvement of the quality of talents in Chinese universities.
Thoughts on the Management Mode of Secondary Colleges in Vocational College
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: December 2020

At present, China’s higher education system is undergoing continuous reform. In the development of related higher vocational education, the cost of running a school is also rising, and the complexity of management is also increasing. In relevant higher vocational colleges, the management of secondary colleges The model is gradually being applied. However, judging from the current application of the secondary college management model in the management of higher vocational colleges, the concepts of some higher vocational colleges need to be updated, the related systems are not perfect, and the initiative in resource allocation is not sufficient. In this regard, it is necessary to do a good job of emancipating the mind, promote the continuous improvement of related work systems, promote more scientific and efficient secondary management, and improve the overall management and development level. This article analyzes the basic connotation and content of secondary college management, analyzes the current development status of secondary college management mode in higher vocational colleges, and explores effective countermeasures for the management of secondary colleges in higher vocational colleges.
Research on Innovative Mode of Employment Guidance Service and Entrepreneurship Education for College Students with Financial Difficulties
Authors: Fu Chengcheng
Published: December 2020

Colleges and universities provide students, who have financial difficulties, with employment guidance service and entrepreneurship education. One of the critical problems is to effectively improve the management effectiveness of employment service and entrepreneurship education for these kinds of students. The management of this service and education should be constantly innovated. Based on the practical situation and the current Internet technologies, a new management mode and its details are put forward in this article, and the author seeks to provide reference to who are involved.
A comparative morphological study of the ligamentum lamina nuchae and ligamenta interspinalia reveals enthesis patterns at the sites of attachment from the second to seventh cervical vertebrae in four extant species of Equus
Authors: May-Davis Sharon , Hunter Robert , Brown Wendy
Published: December 2020

Morphological variation in the attachment sites of the ligamentum lamina nuchae and ligamentainterspinalia to the 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae is described in four species of Equus, and enthesis patterns inrelation to these attachment sites are explored. This comparative study provides new insights with respect tothis variation in the zebrine and asinine clades within Equus. In zebrines (Equus caballus, E. quagga boehmiand E. przewalskii), the ligamentum lamina nuchae attaches to the eminence of the cervical dorsal spinesfrom either the 2nd to 5th, and or 2nd to 7th. These attachments resemble digits and between each digit anaperture is apparent. The ligamenta interspinalia attach to the base of each cervical dorsal spine from the 2ndto 7th before progressing caudally onto the thoracic dorsal spines. Three enthesis patterns per cervical dorsalspine correspond to the size and shape of these ligaments. In contrast, in asinines (as represented by Equusasinus), the ligamentum lamina nuchae attaches without digitation to the complete sagittal ridge of the cervicalvertebra including the dorsal spine and exhibits no ligamenta interspinalia. Consequently, the enthesispattern is represented by a raised sagittal ridge only, excluding the 7th cervical dorsal spine. These differencesbetween the ligamentum lamina nuchae and ligamenta interspinalia attachment sites create distinct enthesispatterns that differentiate zebrines from asinines. Findings include: differing ligamentous morphology; associatedenthesis patterns corresponding to attachment sites of the ligaments to the cervical vertebrae; influencesin dorsal spine morphology subject to the presence or absence of the ligaments; and the postulation ofevolutionary functional adaptions in response to environmental influences between the two Equus clades.These results may be useful for palaeontologists in the identification of isolated cervical vertebrae.
Some Practical Issues of Transfer of Cases between General Jurisdiction and Commercial Courts
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University, Baradanchenkova Natalya E.
Published: December 2020

The article raises some practical issues of case referral between courts of general jurisdiction and commercial courts including the aspects of causes for case transferring, consequences of taking interim measures and other procedural actions by an incompetent court, as well as possible prospects for institution development.
On Imperative Jurisdiction in the Modern Civil Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University PhD (Law), Chudinovskaya Natalya A.
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the position on preserving the concept of mandatory jurisdiction in modern civil procedure, taking into account the new procedural legislation under Federal law No. 451 of 28.11.2018. The expediency and effectiveness of strengthening and developing the institution of mandatory jurisdiction is argued on the example of legal relations arising from OSAGO.
New Opportunities for Summary Proceedings
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Procedure Leading Expert of the Mediation Center of the Ural State Law University, Solomeina Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2020

Amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation regarding the regulation of summary proceedings, in particular, changes in the grounds that make it impossible to consider the case in the simplified procedure, opens up new opportunities for the application of this procedure. A number of cases of special procedure are in this sense the most promising.
A New Obligation to Submit Copies of Statements of Claims to Other Parties to a Procedure: The Procedure Theory and the Application Practice
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University (USLU) PhD (Law), Kudryavtseva Vera P.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the practice of interpretation of the new obligation to send a statement of claim and other documents before filing a claim in court. The new version of article 132 of the CPC has given rise to an interpretation that prevents the plaintiffs from exercising their right to appeal to the court. The problem of access to the court has two sides-financial and procedural. The financial side puts the burden on the plaintiff to bear additional costs before the process occurs. The procedural side complicates the solution of the problem, since it does not directly fix the possibility to appeal the judge’s decision to leave the application without movement. A critical view of the interpretation of the text based on the principles of civil procedure is given. A new interpretation cannot be left to the court discretion. The absence of evidence of sending the claim to other participants cannot be considered as an abuse of the right. It is proposed to proceed from the principle of good faith of the plaintiff when initiating a civil case. The necessity to fix the presumption of sending the documents specified in the law to facilitate access to the court is justified. It is proposed to unify the interpretation of the new obligation by adopting A resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
Some Peculiarities of a Consumer Class Action in Russia
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University PhD (Law), Dolganichev Vladimir V.
Published: December 2020

In the world class action is an effective remedy of protecting consumers’ rights. This institution makes it possible to protect the rights and interests of many people who have suffered from mass harm. A class action lawsuit in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation can also be brought for the protection of consumer rights. Moreover, such a claim has a number of features that are analyzed in the article.
Separate Issues of a Civil Law Offset on the Judicial Act Enforcement Stage
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University LL.D., Associate Professor, Abushenko Dmitriy B.
Published: December 2020

This article deals with some problems of civil law set-off at the stage of execution of a judicial act; critical comments are made on some of the recommendations proposed by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
On Some Issues of Understanding and Ensuring of Execution of Judicial Acts of Administrative Procedural Importance
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure named after N.G. Salischeva of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Zyuzin Vitaliy A.
Published: December 2020

The article raises questions of trust between the state and citizens, in terms of the actual restoration of violated rights of a private person. It is concluded that enforcement of a court decision in an administrative case is seen as the most important aspect of judicial protection.
The Object of Administrative Penology
Authors:   Head of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian State University of Justice LL.D., Professor, Deryuga Artem N. , Shaklein Sergey N. ,   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: December 2020

Administrative Penology is a new scientific field, the subject of which is to identify effective administrative penalties, methods of their application and execution. The object of Administrative Penology is broader and covers the processes and patterns of existence and change of administrative tort, which is the totality of all administrative torts in the past, present and future. Special attention is paid to repeatedly committed offenses as an indicator of the low efficiency of the previously applied administrative punishment.
On State Coercion Measures Ensuring Public Security of the Penal System
Authors:   Head of the Law Faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Grishin Dmitriy A.
Published: December 2020

Тhe article deals with the theoretical aspects of state coercion used by employees of bodies and institutions of the criminal Executive system. Based on the analysis of scientific ideas about the system of ensuring state, public, national and personal security, the author’s definition of “public security of the criminal Executive system” is formulated, and its structural elements are defined. The author’s classification of the types of state coercion implemented by UIS officials is proposed.
Issues of Demarcation of the Administrative Liability Stipulated by Part 2 Clause 6.3 Article 20.6.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and Article 3.18.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Moscow in View of the Distribution of the New Coronavirus Infection (part 2)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Pankova Olga V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes complex issues related to the qualification of administrative offenses under part 2 of article 6.3, article 20.6.1 of the administrative Code of the Russian Federation and article 3.18.1 of the administrative Code of Moscow. Some attention is also paid to the procedural aspects of applying administrative liability established in part 4 of article 3.18.1 of the administrative Code of Moscow.
Autonomization of the Administrative Procedure in the Russian Federation as the Key to Understanding of Its Borders and Structure
Authors:   Head of the Department of Administrative Law and Procedure named after N.G. Salischeva Chief Research Scientist (Department Head) of the Center for Study of Justice Issues of the Russian State University of Justice LL.D., Professor, Stakhov Aleksandr I.
Published: December 2020

In the article in strict accordance with the principles and norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation through a special terminology series: 1) shows the specifics of the regulatory impact of administrative legislation and administrative procedure legislation in the Russian Federation; 2) separate independent administrative-legal (non-procedural) and administrativeprocedural forms of activity of Executive authorities and local self-government bodies for the implementation of administrativepublic functions (in this regard, called public administration). Developing an integrative understanding of the administrative process, the concept of administrative cases is revealed, arrays of administrative (non-judicial) cases and judicial administrative cases are identified, and administrative (non-judicial) cases are categorized. Such a special category as “Autonomous administrative process” is introduced into scientific circulation, which covers scientifically based methods of objective isolation of independent (Autonomous) forms of administrative and procedural activity of public administration and courts.
A Review of a Thesis by Tatyana M. Chelpanova The Foreign Experience of the Legal Regulation of the Status and Operations of Chaplains in the Armed Forces: Constitutional Law Research
Authors:   Editor-in-Chief of the Religion and Law Journal Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Tambov State Technical University LL.D., Pchelintsev Anatoliy V.
Published: December 2020

This dissertation article concludes that the study of the experience of legal regulation of military chaplains abroad and the critical reflection of this experience concerning Russian domestic military legislation at the present stage of military developments is of exceptional relevance.
El agroturismo como estrategia de diversificación de la cadena agroalimentaria del amaranto en Natívitas (Tlaxcala, México)
Authors: Flores Barrera Daniel Gabriel Abraham , Ríos Elorza Serafín
Published: December 2020

El cultivo del amaranto tiene gran impor­tancia histórico-cultural y alimentaria, pues fue utilizado por distintas culturas mesoamericanas como alimento y en rituales relacionados con sus deidades. El amaranto ha estado presente en la región central de México desde el año 5000 a. C.; allí se ubica el estado de Tlaxcala, que se encuentra entre los principales productores de la gramínea, donde el municipio de Natívitas destaca por ser su mayor productor local. Actualmente, la producción de amaranto se encuentra en riesgo debido al incremento del precio de los insumos, a la escasez de mano de obra y a la excesiva intermediación. Esta inves­tigación, desarrollada en 2018, evalúa las posibilidades de la cadena agroalimentaria del amaranto como eje de una propuesta de agroturismo municipal a partir de su revalo­ración cultural y productiva. Los resultados indican que existen condiciones favorables para que el agroturismo genere ingresos complementarios que permitan incrementar la rentabilidad del cultivo. La metodología comprendió recorridos de campo, análisis de la cadena agroalimentaria del amaranto y de la situación turística, y fue complemen­tada por entrevistas a los actores locales.
La imposición indirecta de transacciones digitales. La porción que nos falta recaudar en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Arias E. Isaác G. , Zambrano Raúl
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza los riesgos de la economía digital en la tributación indirecta, con especial énfasis en los mecanismos de recaudo, en atención al papel fundamental que desempeñan en época de crisis como la que estamos viviendo actualmente a nivel mundial por el covid-19.
El impacto del covid-19 en Argentina y las medidas adoptadas en consecuencia
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se realizará un análisis de las medidas fiscales implementadas por las administraciones tributarias ante la pandemia del covid-19, partiendo del análisis de una compleja situación económico-social que se vio agravada a causa de la crisis que golpea fuertemente a la región.
Medidas de la Administración Tributaria de Chile y los efectos en la tributación internacional debido a la crisis por el covid-19
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: December 2020

El primer caso de covid-19 en Chile fue reportado el día 3 de marzo del presente año. El 18 del mismo mes, el Gobierno publicó en el Diario Oficial el Decreto Supremo 104, que declara el estado de catástrofe en todo el territorio nacional por 90 días. Desde entonces, se han anunciado y puesto en práctica una serie de medidas de índole sanitaria y económica para controlar o aminorar los efectos que esta crisis ha tenido en el país. En el ámbito económico, un papel fundamental lo han tenido las medidas tributarias, las cuales buscan, en general, aliviar la carga tributaria de los contribuyentes, para darles una mayor liquidez de recursos y, de esa manera, evitar el despido de personal o incluso el cierre de empresas. En el presente artículo se describen someramente las medidas tributarias tomadas por el Gobierno con los objetivos señalados. Debido a que la crisis se encuentra aún en desarrollo, esta no pretende ser una muestra definitiva de todas las herramientas que podrían ser utilizadas, sino solo de aquellas que fueron anunciadas e implementadas en primer lugar.
Principales medidas de gasto público en Colombia adoptadas en el estado de emergencia económica, social y ecológica implementado por el Decreto Legislativo 417 de 2020
Authors: Caicedo Gómez Ana Xiomaryz
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva jurídica y constitucional, las principales medidas sobre gasto público adoptadas por el Gobierno de Colombia para atender el estado de emergencia económica, social y ecológica que generó la pandemia mundial del covid-19, y que se implementó mediante el Decreto 417 de 17 de marzo de 2020.
Los estados de excepción: aspectos conceptuales y su desarrollo constitucional en Ecuador
Authors: González Becerra Liliana
Published: December 2020

En la época contemporánea, los jefes de Estado, motivados por situaciones de emergencia o crisis, han recurrido con frecuencia a un régimen jurídico y político con el fin de obtener facultades extraordinarias que les permitan mantener el statu quo; esto a través de crear e imponer un orden normativo, económico, tributario y social de “anormalidad”. Esa figura, regulada constitucionalmente en casi todos los Estados de este hemisferio, tiene un ancestro remoto, la Roma republicana, y un avance histórico digno de considerarse para entender las dimensiones del concepto. El estado de excepción no puede verse únicamente desde el ángulo político y contemporáneo, más bien, debe ser visto en contexto y a la luz del derecho internacional humanitario que, en últimas, es el sistema que lo nutre, le da forma y límites. El caso de Ecuador, cuestión casi central en este texto, resulta particularmente llamativo, pues, en su historia reciente (13 años) ha vivido más de un centenar de estados de sitio sin control alguno y, a pesar de contar con un esquema de regulación estructurado, debe ser revisado en aras de entender mejor la complejidad del concepto y sus consecuencias.
Control constitucional de los estados de excepción en Ecuador y Colombia: un enfoque comparado
Authors: Quitian Calderón Jairo Andrés
Published: December 2020

La emergencia generada por la pandemia del covid-19 constituye un nuevo capítulo en el debate del control judicial de los denominados estados de excepción. A partir de las recomendaciones efectuadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para que los Estados tomaran acciones urgentes frente la identificación, el aislamiento y tratamiento de los casos confirmados, los gobiernos de Ecuador y Colombia decretaron, cada uno, el estado de excepción. El primero, por medio del Decreto Ejecutivo 1017 de 16 de marzo de 2020; el segundo, mediante el Decreto Legislativo 417 de 17 de marzo de 2020. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto examinar el fundamento y alcance del control constitucional de estos estados de excepción en Ecuador y Colombia. Este artículo privilegia el método descriptivo, a fin de plantear una suerte de paralelismo entre los diferentes elementos de componen el control constitucional de los estados de excepción en los dos ordenamientos jurídicos.
Body Temperature - Personal Data Concerning Health. Legal Aspects in a Pandemic Approach
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi - Faculty of Law, Tataru Stefan Razvan
Published: December 2020

The crisis generated by the emergence of the new coronavirus and its rapid spread at global level has led states to implement measures to prevent and combat the effects of the pandemic. In the context in which the presence of the virus in the human body is manifested by the increase of body temperature, several national authorities, including the Romanian ones, imposed on public and private entities the obligation to organize their activity, so as to ensure, upon the entry of the premises, the mandatory epidemiological triage and measurement of the body temperature. In the present study, we aim at identifying and assessing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the personal data processing and application of the GDPR Regulation provisions. The present study highlights the types of personal data processed with the state of emergency/alert period and seeks to define whether or not the body temperature value may be included in the concept of personal data. Body temperature information is analysed by analogy with the concept of personal data, data concerning health, biological data, and sensitive or special data.
Observance of the Probative Value of the Psychiatric Forensic Expertise - Guarantee of Avoiding Judicial Errors in Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Institute of Legal Medicine/University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania, Damian Simona Irina , Diac Mădălina Maria ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, Iasi, Romania, Knieling Anton ,   Institute of Legal Medicine/University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania, Iov Tatiana ,   Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Bulgaru-Iliescu Diana ,   Institute of Legal Medicine/University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, Iasi, Romania
Published: December 2020

Psychiatric forensic expertise is a type of evidence with a high degree of scientificity, objectivity and credibility, which places it at the top of the evidence hierarchy in criminal proceedings. The practice of the courts reveals a series of cases in which the conclusions of the psychiatric forensic examination were not taken into account at the time when the court issued a verdict, considering that the grounds on which the expertise was eliminated as relevant evidence in those cases is sometimes debatable. This article analyses the probative value of forensic psychiatric expertise from the perspective of the conflict that arises in judicial practice between the principle of scientificity of the evidence and the principle of sovereignty of the judge in assessing the evidence. It analyses the effects that scientificity has on the judge's actual possibility of assessing conclusiveness of the expertise by comparison with other evidence. The conclusions are that the psychiatric forensic expertise has the greatest probative force among all the evidence that could attest to the mental state of the victim or the accused; this evidence can be disregarded by the court at the time of ruling only if there is evidence with equal probative value to combat it; ordering new evidence by the court (supplements to expertise, new expertise, objections, requesting clarifications from the expert) to verify the credibility of the conclusions of the initial expertise should be done only after ensuring a framework that guarantees the compliance with the principle of scientific management of evidence.