bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Patient Outcomes and Pediatric Resident Performance With a Parent and Faculty Communication Coaching Curriculum
Authors: Hill Elizabeth , Rao Priyanka , Eidelsafy Amged , McCaffery Harlan , Waanders Katherine , Cousino Melissa
Published: July 2023

Communication skills are an important part of patient care, but an often neglected part of residency training. Longitudinal active coaching of communication has the potential to effectively improve communication curricula. A novel communication coach curriculum was implemented with approximately half of a pediatric residency class. Residents were coached by both a parent and faculty coach on multiple occasions throughout their intern year. Effectiveness was evaluated through self-assessment, direct observation, chart review, and follow-up phone calls with families. This longitudinal communication coach curriculum was well-received and resulted in increased self-awareness of communication skills. Coachable behaviors improved in intervention residents, and their patients spoke more positively of their experiences with communication. Additionally, these patients were less likely to be readmitted than patients cared for by control residents. A longitudinal communication coaching model is a feasible and effective curriculum for pediatric residents.
WINGOs as conduits of world culture, their relationships with emancipative values, and women’s political empowerment worldwide, 1981–2020
Authors: Lavrinenko Olga
Published: July 2023

Women’s International Non-Governmental Organizations (WINGOs) are a major force in spreading world culture at the national level. At the same time, women’s political empowerment is one of the spaces in which world culture manifests itself. WINGOs, often in conjunction with emancipative values, may potentially have an impact on a country’s level of women’s political empowerment. However, scholars rarely integrate them into theory and empirical tests. Using the world culture approach as the larger frame, I build this framework and test it. Specifically, Hypothesis 1 tests whether there is a potential positive association between women’s political empowerment and the number of WINGO ties. Hypothesis 2 examines the potential interaction between emancipative values and WINGOs. Employing mixed-effects linear regression on the aggregated World Values Survey/European Values Survey (WVS/EVS) dataset and administrative data, I observe that WINGOs and emancipative values have separate effects on women’s political empowerment. However, there is no significant evidence that emancipative values interact with WINGOs.
Is Major Minor? The Relationship Between Music Major Status and a Measure of Musical Sophistication
Authors: Morrison Steven J. , Himes Aaron D. , Montemayor Mark , Springer D. Gregory
Published: July 2023

Although music education researchers often utilize music major status as a single-item proxy variable for musician status—and with this designation presume musical competencies or abilities of research participants—there is a lack of research demonstrating links between status as a music major and those assumed competencies. In this study, we compared undergraduate music majors and non-music majors ( N = 237) at the group and individual levels using Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), a well-established measure of multiple ways in which people report engaging with music. Comparing group means, we found that music majors scored higher than non-music majors on each Gold-MSI subscale. Moderate distribution overlap suggested that these results should be considered cautiously. A logistic regression analysis further suggested the complexity of using music major status as a single-item measure, given that music major status was only strongly predicted by the musical training subscale. Measures such as Gold-MSI may provide a viable and psychometrically sound way of determining musical sophistication that will allow more granular and refined analyses of studies relating to musical competencies.
Muslim women’s perspectives on honor
Authors: Simon Louise
Published: July 2023

The concepts of honor and shame have been extensively explored in cultural anthropology, psychology, biblical studies, and missiology. Yet there is still comparatively little written about how Muslim women, as distinct from Muslim men, experience honor and shame, and even less that amplifies the voices of Muslim women themselves. This article examines how honor is perceived and experienced by Muslim women around the world, based on their discussions with Christian women. It then explores implications for Christian engagement with Muslim women.
Criminality, chaos and corruption: Analyzing the narratives of labor migration dynamics in Malaysia
Authors: Foley Laura
Published: July 2023

This paper analyzes how policy-relevant actors understand the causes and effects of labor immigration to Malaysia, the country that receives the highest number of migrant workers in Southeast Asia. Whereas most research on international migration governance has focused on governance system outputs, this paper adopts an actor-centered perspective to investigate how actors narratively construct labor migration dynamics in Malaysia and how they conceptualize the drivers and impacts of labor migration policies and practices. The empirical material comes from 41 in-depth interviews with government officials, policymakers, international and regional organizations, nongovernmental organizations, employers’ organizations, trade unions, and embassy representatives. The study found that Malaysia’s migration governance system was perceived as “chaotic” due to the seemingly inconsistent, unclear “ad hoc” policy measures implemented, and that the governance system is perceived as “corrupt.” Economic incentives were also seen as the primary driver of labor immigration, yet the main impact on Malaysian society was perceived as the spread of criminality, violence and disease, a narrative centered on migrant men. This paper argues that this discourse is problematic as it may drive types of policy measures that target migrant men.
Affective Polarization and Political Belief Systems: The Role of Political Identity and the Content and Structure of Political Beliefs
Authors: Turner-Zwinkels Felicity M. , van Noord Jochem , Kesberg Rebekka , García-Sánchez Efrain , Brandt Mark J. , Kuppens Toon , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Smets Lien , Gorska Paulina , Marchlewska Marta , Turner-Zwinkels Tomas
Published: July 2023

We investigate the extent that political identity, political belief content (i.e., attitude stances), and political belief system structure (i.e., relations among attitudes) differences are associated with affective polarization (i.e., viewing ingroup partisans positively and outgroup partisans negatively) in two multinational, cross-sectional studies (Study 1 N = 4,152, Study 2 N = 29,994). First, we found a large, positive association between political identity and group liking—participants liked their ingroup substantially more than their outgroup. Second, political belief system content and structure had opposite associations with group liking: Sharing similar belief system content with an outgroup was associated with more outgroup liking, but similarity with the ingroup was associated with less ingroup liking. The opposite pattern was found for political belief system structure. Thus, affective polarization was greatest when belief system content similarity was low and structure similarity was high.
The Social Inclusion of Migrants Between Policy and Practice: Lessons from Uruguay
Authors: Wang Aeneas Zi , Prieto Rosas Victoria , Márquez Scotti Clara , Bengochea Soria Julieta
Published: July 2023

Extant research on international migration in English overwhelmingly focuses on migration to and in Europe and North America. Yet major migration movements occur outside of these regions. This mismatch leads to a neglect of the multi-faceted migration dynamics beyond the global North. Uruguay is a case in point for two reasons. First, the country has become both a significant destination for inter-regional movements and a crucial albeit unexpected stop along an extended international route. Second, both the country's migration policies and research agenda have promptly responded to the surge in migration by examining recent migrants’ quality of life and issues of social inclusion. In this country report, we use the hitherto understudied case of Uruguay as an illustrative example to showcase potential policy and scholarship lessons for international migration. We argue that Uruguay constitutes an important case for future migration scholarship and policy outlook, because it enhances our understanding of how host countries can promote migrants’ social inclusion and well-being, even in the face of significant structural inequalities affecting both native and migrant populations. Hence, Uruguay's experiences against the backdrop of recent migration in-flows have implications for migration scholarship and policy in regional (Latin America and Caribbean) and global contexts.
Advice Resistance in Undergraduate Supervision Meetings: The Competing Relevance of Expertise and Experience
Authors: West Marion
Published: July 2023

This study uses conversation analysis to explore advice delivery, resistance and its management in undergraduate face-to-face supervision, an under-explored setting. Its main focus is the tension between two different forms of knowledge: the supervisor's expertise and the student's experience. While the supervisor's efforts to help the student see where he has made a mistake succeed, when the student pushes back by invoking a vague authority or with his own perspectives, the supervisor backs down. An important contribution is its analysis of the teetering between advice delivery and joint orientations to preserving the student's competence, and the use of question tags and lived stories to resist rather than deliver advice. One implication is for supervisors to reflect on when persisting with advice, and when desisting with advice, is in the best interests of their students.
“We’ll deal with it as it comes”: A qualitative analysis of romantic partners’ dyadic coping in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lau Nancy , Ramos Kathleen J. , Aitken Moira L. , Goss Christopher H. , Barton Krysta S. , Kross Erin K. , Engelberg Ruth A.
Published: July 2023

Background

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, life-limiting, genetic disease, recent advances have extended survival, allowing persons with CF the time and physical and mental health to form romantic relationships. Previous studies have shown the importance of dyadic coping to positive psychosocial functioning and relationship satisfaction for people with serious chronic illness and their romantic partners, but little work has been done with persons with CF and their partners. The present study examines dyadic coping processes in persons with CF and their romantic partners.

Methods

16 adults with moderate to severe CF (Mage = 42.3, 43.8% identified as cisgender male, 56.2% identified as cisgender female) and their romantic partners (Mage = 43.8, 56.3% identified as cisgender male, 43.7% identified as cisgender female) participated in individual semi-structured interviews focused on topics related to quality of life, communication, and palliative care. We conducted a directed content analysis utilizing Berg and Upchurch’s (2007) developmental-contextual theoretical model to examine dyadic coping processes in persons with CF and their romantic partners.

Results

Consistent with the developmental-contextual model of dyadic coping, couples described adapting to health and functional declines that occurred over time. Dyads were aligned in their appraisals of illness representation, illness ownership, and perspectives of illness as a shared stressor; they used shared coping mechanisms that included supportive and collaborative actions rather than uninvolved or controlling strategies.

Conclusions

We recommend family-based approaches to medical decision-making and goals of care conversations with persons with CF and their partners, aligning those approaches with supportive and collaborative coping configurations. This may improve psychosocial outcomes for patients and their partners.
The Work of Many Bodies: Wet Nurses and Dynastic Reproduction at German Courts, c. 1650–1750
Authors: Amsler Nadine
Published: July 2023

This article suggests studying princely nurseries as social spaces where important contributions were made to the work of ‘dynastic reproduction’. Given that children born to the ruling house were a highly precious asset for dynastic politics, ensuring their survival was a task of great political impact. The article draws on material from the nurseries of three South German princely courts of different sizes – the imperial court of Vienna, the electoral court of Munich, and the ducal court of Stuttgart – to show how wet nurses engaged in the work of dynastic reproduction at princely courts from c. 1650 to 1750. These women were usually of modest social origin and present in the princely nursery only during the first year of the dynastic offspring's lives. However, they were extremely close to the princely infants and, by sharing their milk with them, were physically involved in their upbringing. This makes the women an interesting focus for a study of the care arrangements established for dynastic offspring. By analysing how court physicians chose the wet nurses of princely children, how courts regulated their work in the princely nursery, and how they remunerated the wet nurses for their service, the article shows that wet-nursing was an important, physical contribution to dynastic continuity at early modern princely courts.
Physical learning spaces in Kenyan academic libraries
Authors: Ateka Azenath , Bosire Emily , Maseh Elsebah
Published: July 2023

Libraries form an integral part of the university physical learning landscape. Advances in technology, the emergence of student-centred pedagogy and the changing campus demography have caused academic libraries across the world to reconsider the design of their spaces. This study undertook a qualitative assessment of physical library learning spaces in selected Kenyan universities with regard to their suitability for twenty-first century learning. Data collected through interviews with librarians and student library users, indicates that the spaces provided are basic and barely support student learning needs and expectations. The spaces are modelled around collections with the traditional view of libraries as information repositories taking centre stage. The study recommends a repurposing of Kenyan academic library spaces to enable support for a wider spectrum of learning needs and preferences. Specifically, academic libraries should consider managing their collections differently with a view to expand learner spaces, they should develop a good understanding of students and their needs, and work towards infusing variety in the learning spaces for increased inclusivity and sustained relevance.
On Speed Management, Public Health, and Risky Behaviors: Examining the Side Effects of Automated Speed-Enforcement Cameras on Traffic Crashes in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Valderrama Segundo Lopez , Palacios Manuel Santana , Botello Valentina Perdomo , Perez-Barbosa David , Arrieta Juliana Vega , Kisner Jessica , Adriazola-Steil Claudia
Published: July 2023

Automatic speed-enforcement cameras are considered a highly reliable technology that produces returns on investment through reduced social and economic costs associated with traffic crashes. Drawing from open data and behavioral theory, we test whether fixed speed cameras in urban areas, while reducing traffic crashes, induce compensatory behaviors such as speeding downstream—referred to as the kangaroo effect. We use a quasi-experimental research design that compares intervention and control segments before and after installing 90 fixed speed cameras in selected arterial road segments of Bogotá, followed by a confirmatory spatial statistical analysis. Our statistical tests strongly suggest that fixed speed cameras induce compensatory behaviors, noticeably reducing the overall effect of these investments. Despite this finding, fixed speed cameras in Bogotá have satisfactory results for reducing fatal and non-fatal injuries overall, and more so for pedestrians and motorcyclists.
Increased circulating levels of MIP-1α and CD14 are associated with the presence of severe stenosis and hypoechoic plaques in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Profumo Elisabetta , Buttari Brigitta , Tosti Maria Elena , Salvati Bruno , Capoano Raffaele , Riganò Rachele
Published: July 2023

Objective

Carotid atherosclerosis, a major cause of ischemic cerebrovascular events, is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant vascular microenvironment. The current risk score models based on traditional risk factors for cardiovascular risk assessment have some limitations. The identification of novel blood biomarkers could be useful to improve patient management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of selected inflammation- and oxidative stress-related markers with the presence of severe stenosis and/or vulnerable plaques.

Methods

Circulating levels of soluble CD40 ligand, interleukin-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, endoglin, CD163, CD14, E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-Reactive protein, CD40 L + T lymphocytes, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase activity, and protein carbonyl content were determined in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.

Results

Multiparametric analysis showed significantly higher levels of MIP-1α in patients with stenosis ≥70% than in patients with stenosis <70%, and significantly higher levels of CD14 in patients with hypoechoic (vulnerable) lesions compared to those with hyperechoic (stable) ones. The area under the curve obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.7253 for MIP-1α and 0.6908 for CD14.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that circulating MIP-1α and CD14 levels are associated with the presence of advanced stenosis and of vulnerable carotid plaques.
Experimenting with experiments: a ‘Shandean’ approach
Authors: Sniderman Paul M.
Published: July 2023

An autobiography of the introduction of a method, computer-assisted survey experiments, and an attitude towards science, as iterative, at each step figuring out the next best step to take, learning as you go are the topics. Along the way, Paul M Sniderman presents thoughts on the distinction between prejudice and discrimination, strangers as partners, and a new model of sequential testing.
A Socioecological Approach to Understanding Secondary Trauma in Professionals Working with Survivors of Sex Trafficking: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Whitt-Woosley Adrienne , Wozniak Jessica , Gusler Stephanie , Hood Caitlyn , Kinnish Kelly , Stroup Hannah
Published: July 2023

Individuals who are trafficked for sex have high rates of trauma exposure prior to and while being trafficked; therefore, professionals who work with this population are potentially exposed to high levels of trauma details increasing their risk of developing secondary traumatic stress (STS). This study investigated the STS symptoms of professionals working with survivors of sex trafficking utilizing a socioecological framework to guide the design and analysis. An online survey was completed by 583 respondents from a broad range of organizational settings who completed measures tapping into STS symptoms, lifetime trauma exposures, history of being sex-trafficked, dose of direct and indirect trauma exposure at work, use of emotional and instrumental support to cope, state report cards on sex trafficking policies, and organizational-level practices toward being STS informed. STS scores among professionals working with survivors of sex trafficking were high, with those in child welfare settings reporting the highest levels of STS. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates higher STS was associated with variables at all levels of the socioecological model except the macrosystem, with fewer years of experience, a history of being sex trafficked, higher dose of indirect exposure, less use of emotional support, and lower organizational STS scores predictive of higher distress. Together, study findings indicate that STS is a significant concern in the anti-trafficking workforce and that a socioecological framework is useful for understanding STS impacts, highlighting the value of multiple response strategies across levels. This analysis suggests that organizational-level strategies to ameliorate/buffer impacts of occupation-related trauma exposure among these professionals can be especially impactful.
Non-invasive and Locally Invasive Hypercellular Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma in 20 Dogs
Authors: Kim Inshil , Volker Mary K. , Powers Barbara , Sánchez Melissa
Published: July 2023

Medical records of dogs with an initial histopathological diagnosis of odontogenic sarcoma were reviewed for information on signalment, body weight, medical history, clinical signs, physical examination and diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedure performed, and histologic characteristics. Twenty dogs were deemed to fit the criteria following the rigorous histology review process. These tumors were characterized by hypercellularity of the spindle cell component with less intervening stroma, mitotic activity, and variable presence of odontogenic epithelium and hard substance (cementum/dentin/bone). Non-invasive or locally invasive hypercellular peripheral odontogenic fibroma is suggested by the authors to describe these tumors. There were no signs of recurrence of any of the masses following surgical excisions with varying margins.
Investigation of unsteady conjugate heat transfer for a radial turbine with impingement cooling
Authors: Ma Chao , Zhang Han , Zhu Zhifu , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Jianjian
Published: July 2023

For radial flow turbines, raising the temperature before the volute is also an important means of improving their thermal efficiency. As with axial flow turbines, excessive thermal load requires the application of cooling technology. In the study, impingement cooling technology was applied to a radial turbine, and the cooling effect of the turbine was investigated using conjugated heat transfer (CHT) simulations and experiments. The results showed that some of the coolant moved down into the back-disc heat shield cavity and impinged onto the back-disc. Most of the coolant eventually flowed into the rotor flow passage and stayed close to the blade suction side. The blade leading-edge shroud was the worst cooled area, but some temperature reduction was achieved. An experimental investigation was conducted with a high-speed infrared camera at much-reduced turbine speeds of 5000 and 10,000 rpm. The experimental results confirmed the numerical findings, and it was also found that cooling becomes more effective with the increase of turbine speed and of coolant relative mass flow. A 30°C reduction of blade leading-edge temperature was achieved with 3% relative coolant mass flow at 10,000 rpm.
Finite element analysis of the underslung carrier rocket effect on stress and strain distribution in a structure of the MiG-29 aircraft
Authors: Olejnik Aleksander , Kachel Stanisław , Zalewski Piotr , Rogólski Robert , Jędrak Michał , Szcześniak Michał
Published: July 2023

The paper presents selected aspect of the analytical-conceptual research project entitled: Airborne-Rocket Launch System for Delivering Satellite Payloads into Low Earth Orbit – Feasibility Study. The aim of the project is to conduct series of aerodynamic, strength, and aeroelastic simulations of Polish aging combat aircraft (Mig-29 and Su-22) to explore applicability of both fighters as an airborne platform for carrying out carrier rockets with a detachable satellite payload. This work presents exemplary analyses in the area of airframe loads and structural strength and deformability of MiG-29 for predicted operational variants with carrier rockets put to the hardpoints under fuselage. The numerical simulations were conducted for a structural discrete model of the aircraft prepared for finite element analysis in MSC Software. Model development involved such aspects as precise discretization of geometric model, declaration of material constants, identification of structural properties, introduction of suitable merging connections for included airframe assemblies, and final validation of model mass and stiffness. The model was analyzed in MSC Nastran software with application of linear “Statics” solution. External flight loads introduced into the model were calculated for specific points of the flight envelope—the highest values of load factor were taken into consideration ( n=9). The counterpart aerodynamic force distribution in a form of a set of equivalent lumped forces was calculated. Then, the aerodynamic and weight loads were added to the model as a set of forces applied to specific structural nodes. Additionally, weights of applicable carrier rockets were taken into account as concentrated forces applied to under-fuselage suspension hardpoints. Calculations were performed for several rockets of mass values between 250 and 1200 kg. Parametric dependencies were investigated as an effect of missile mass and size on stress and strain distribution over the whole structure. The areas of stress cumulations were identified. On the basis of static structural deformation, maximum wing tip displacements were assessed.
Stakeholder Group Differences on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perspectives of Coordinated Community Response Teams for Domestic Violence
Authors: Hetzel-Riggin Melanie D.
Published: July 2023

The goal of the mixed methods parallel design observational study was to examine belief, attitude, and knowledge differences among stakeholder groups in a coordinated community response team (CCRT). A second purpose was to assess the perceived strengths, weaknesses, and barriers to success of a CCRT for domestic violence (DV). Participants were members of a CCRT from victim advocacy, law enforcement, and court-affiliated agencies. Results demonstrate differences among stakeholder groups on myth acceptance, knowledge of DV, diversity beliefs, cultural competence, and trauma knowledge. The results provide guidance on how to improve CCRTs for DV, focusing on cross-training, cultural competence, and clarification of roles and procedures.
Fludarabine-induced bradycardia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Çelik Serhat , Güven Zeynep Tuğba , Altınsoy Abdullah , Tubay Şaziye Esra , Keklik Muzaffer , Ünal Ali
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Fludarabine, a purine analog, is getting more attention with the increasing use of reduced intensive conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The side effect of bradycardia was observed in only a few cases reported in the literature. In clinical practice, bradycardia can be asymptomatic or cause syncope and cardiac arrest. This study aimed to evaluate the bradycardia side effect of fludarabine used in the conditioning regimen in allo-HSCT recipients and to increase awareness of this issue.

Methods

This retrospective study included 73 patients who received fludarabine in the allo-HSCT conditioning regimen between January 2015 and January 2021. Patients with and without bradycardia were compared regarding demographic data, allo-HSCT characteristics, electrolyte values, fludarabine administration dose and duration, and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to evaluate independent predictors for fludarabine-induced bradycardia.

Results

Fludarabine administration doses and days were higher in the bradycardia group, but no statistically significant difference was observed. In the multivariate analysis, age was the only independent predictor of fludarabine-induced bradycardia (odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–0.98, p = 0.007). The median age in the group with bradycardia was 19 years younger than those without bradycardia (34 (19–49) vs 53 (19–69), p = 0.005). In 11 (84.6%) of the patients who had bradycardia, bradycardia improved with the discontinuation of fludarabine alone, but atropine was administered in 2 (15.4%) patients.

Conclusion

Age was the only independent predictor of fludarabine-induced bradycardia; therefore, close heart rate monitoring is recommended during fludarabine administration, especially in younger patients.
Effect of Cognitive Training Programs Based on Computer Systems on Executive Functions in Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robledo-Castro Carolina , Lerma-Castaño Piedad Rocio , Bonilla-Santos Gisella
Published: July 2023

Background:

The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the existing literature reporting the effects of computerized cognitive trainings on the executive functions of children with ADHD.

Method:

A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement; the primary sources used were five electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer, Taylor & Francis).

Results:

20 articles met the eligibility criteria, data on the training characteristics and the effects on executive functions were extracted, followed by an analysis of bias and the methodological quality of the studies. The results of the studies were widely heterogeneous, largely associated with the variety of training programs and the measurement instruments used. The most studied executive functions were working memory and inhibitory control. Some of the studies reported that the intervention led to significant effects on working memory and attention ( N = 7), and improvements in inhibitory control ( N = 5) and planning ( N = 4) were also reported. At the same time, others did not report the effects of the intervention on these processes. The assessment of the quality of the evidence showed important risk biases among the reviewed studies.

Conclusion:

Some training based on computer systems showed positive effects on the executive functions of working memory, attention, and inhibitory control in children with ADHD. However, other training sessions did not show significant effects. In general, the evidence shows mixed results, a high diversity of measurement instruments, and high risks of bias between the studies. Therefore, the evidence has not been consistent about the general benefits of computerized training on the executive functions of children with ADHD.
The impacts of Covid-19 lockdowns on professional and personal lives of freelance creative collaborative musicians
Authors: Zhukov Katie , Barrett Margaret S , Creech Andrea
Published: July 2023

The global pandemic has severely disrupted the performing arts sector, with research documenting economic, professional, and health impacts on musicians. The psychological effects of lockdowns have been recognized, but little is known regarding their impact on freelance creative collaborative artists. This qualitative case study uses a resilience lens to report the perspectives of freelance creative collaborative musicians from the city of Melbourne, the Australian city which experienced the greatest period of lockdown in the country. Three main themes were identified: professional impacts (loss of work, loss of artistic identity, professional coping strategies), personal impacts (lockdown stressors, personal coping strategies, relationships), and future professional outlook (developing new professional skills and directions, positive and negative future outlooks). The findings demonstrate these musicians’ resilience in spite of difficult circumstances, resulting in positive adaptations and personal growth.
Explaining media trust among journalists and recipients: Different experiences, different predictors?
Authors: Steindl Nina , Obermaier Magdalena , Fawzi Nayla , Lauerer Corinna
Published: July 2023

Media trust has been studied particularly from the audience perspective so far, while journalists’ trust has been neglected. Therefore, based on representative survey data of journalists and recipients in Germany, we investigated media trust levels of both groups, and we examined political factors driving their trust. Our findings suggest that journalists indicate higher trust levels than recipients and their levels of political trust and political satisfaction increase it. In comparison, social and political trust, along with perceived political influences on journalistic work, are decisive for the level of media trust among recipients.
Performance analysis of a horizontal axis current turbine blade section with inserted tube
Authors: Kundu Parikshit , De Ashoke
Published: July 2023

Generating more usable power annually from the river and tidal currents is essential to improving cost-effectiveness. Among various alternative options, the performance improvement of the blade foil has been considered in this work. When the fluid over the blade surface loses kinetic energy, flow separation occurs. The lift forces are reduced by flow separation, which finally results in less power production by the horizontal axis current turbine. To extract more power, it is necessary to overcome this flow separation. This paper presents a passive flow control method using tubes at regular intervals on the blade section to improve its performance considering its application on a horizontal axis current turbine. The tube inlet and outlet positions are determined by analyzing the force coefficients, glide ratio, and stall angle for a specific angle of attack. Finally, the performance characteristics are compared between the baseline and the modified hydrofoil. The maximum lift coefficient of the hydrofoil is increased by 15.7%. Also, the maximum glide ratios are considerably increased beyond the stall of the baseline profile. From the numerical results, it can be concluded that tubes inserted at regular intervals on the hydrofoil significantly increase its performance at a higher angle of attack.
A ‘good’ neoliberal citizen: A policy analysis of conceptions of young Singaporean citizens
Authors: Thaiyalan Siva Gopal , Choo Liyun Wendy
Published: July 2023

Globalisation has driven the pursuit of more active citizenship forms. Many governments see educational policies as critical to preparing young citizens with the necessary skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours to thrive in a changing global context. However, what active citizenship education is and means varies across countries. Little is known about how active citizenship is conceptualised in educational policies in Singapore and the kinds of citizens these policies and programmes aim to nurture. This article draws on an analysis of 20 Singapore policy texts, such as political speeches, press releases, and curriculum documents, to examine the kind of Singaporean citizens the Singapore government seeks to nurture. We argue that globalisation provides a critical context for local conceptualisations of citizenship, but the active Singapore citizen is not an individualistic nor a universal neoliberal citizen subject. In line with Asian conceptions of citizenship, which posit that ‘good’ people make good citizens, active citizenship in Singapore has a prevailing focus on ‘good’ character and an active citizen who prioritises the well-being of the collective, yet caught in a paradoxical pursuit of a neoliberal citizen.
Workplace Violence Against Nurses: Challenges and Solutions for Europe
Authors: de Raeve Paul , Xyrichis Andreas , Bolzonella Francesco , Bergs Jochen , Davidson Patricia M.
Published: July 2023

We report the results of a mapping exercise by the European Federation of Nurses (EFN) on challenges and solutions related to violence against nurses. This is an issue of growing international concern, with the problem accentuated during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a cross-sectional observational design, an online questionnaire was distributed among 35 national nurses’ associations across Europe in March 2021. Face validity was achieved through an expert panel. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, including counts, percentages, and tabulation. Qualitative data analysis followed thematic synthesis techniques. Three main findings are noted. First, violent incidents against nurses are under-reported due to fear of victimization, employer discouragement, and the perception that reporting will not make any difference. Second, perpetrators of violent acts extend beyond patients and families to include health professionals of different ranks. Third, violent incidences have a significant adverse effect on nurses’ health and retention, leading to nurses reducing their working hours or opting for part-time work. Violence against nurses is an expression of a broader problem that is rooted in the failure to recognize and manage violence at the level of the healthcare organization, and the absence of appropriate legislation to maintain minimum standards of safe working environments. This is partly the result of inadequate European Union-wide legislation targeting workplace violence in the health professions. Nurses need more institutional support through dedicated funding aimed at targeted interventions, more legislative commitment to ratify policies against discrimination, and an opportunity to voice the needs to the appropriate policymakers with the ability to bring significant change to existing conditions. Given the severity of the situation, inaction could lead to irreplaceable damage to the nursing workforce, compounding pressures resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, this situation can further drive existing nurses out of the profession, weakening health systems worldwide.
Opening Treatment Windows for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Improving Emotion Regulation Strategies Using the Unified Protocol in a Case Study in Spain
Authors: Grasa Eva , Corripio Iluminada , Peris-Baquero Oscar , Roldán Alexandra , Selma Judit , Osma Jorge
Published: July 2023

Approximately 30%-50% of people with schizophrenia worldwide have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Currently available standard psychopharmacological and psychological treatments have proven insufficient to achieve full recovery in these patients. Alternative psychological interventions focused on improving emotion regulation, such as the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), could potentially improve treatment outcomes in this difficult to treat population. The aim of the present case study is to demonstrate how the UP can be adapted for the treatment of TRS. We decided to use UP to treat this particular patient due to the presence of intense unpleasant emotions, aversive reactions, and emotional avoidance strategies. After completing the full treatment protocol, the patient showed significant decreases in scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), including total and emotional rejection, life interference, and emotional lack of control. A significant reduction was also observed in anxiety (OASIS) and depressive symptoms (ODSIS). The intervention had a positive impact on auditory hallucinations, with decreased severity, less intense anxiety, and less interference in life. The treatment led to greater control over voices and the patient reported feeling more confident in her relationship with those voices. These results provide preliminary support for the use of UP for the treatment of TRS.
The influence of irrelevant emotionally negative stimuli on early and late retrospective metacognitive judgements
Authors: Geurten Marie , Lemaire Patrick
Published: July 2023

It is well established that negative emotions influence a range of cognitive processes. How these emotions influence the metacognitive judgement individuals make about their own performance and whether this influence is similar depending on the conditions under which metacognition is assessed, however, is far less understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to emotional stimuli could influence metacognitive judgements made under short or long time constraints. A total sample of 144 young adults (aged 18–35 years) was recruited and asked to complete an arithmetic strategy selection task under emotional or neutral condition. Following each strategy selection trial, participants also provided a retrospective confidence judgement (RCJ). Both strategy selection and RCJ were collected under short or long time constraints (1,500 vs. 2,500 ms for strategy selection and 800 vs. 1,500 ms for RCJ). In addition to replicating previous findings showing lower rates of better strategy selection under negative emotions compared with neutral condition, an effect of negative stimuli on the accuracy of participants’ confidence judgements was found, but only if participants had a short time limit to make their second-level evaluation. Such findings are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to emotional stimuli disturbs early, but not late metacognitive processes and have important implications to further our understanding of the role of emotions on metacognition.
Linkage of NAMPT promoter variants to eNAMPT secretion, plasma eNAMPT levels, and ARDS severity
Authors: Lynn Heather , Sun Xiaoguang , Casanova Nancy G. , Bime Christian , Reyes Hernon Vivian , Lanham Clayton , Oita Radu C. , Ramos Nikolas , Sun Belinda , Coletta Dawn K. , Camp Sara M. , Karnes Jason H. , Ellis Nathan A. , Garcia Joe G.N.
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives:

eNAMPT (extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), a novel DAMP and TLR4 ligand, is a druggable ARDS therapeutic target with NAMPT promoter SNPs associated with ARDS severity. This study assesses the previously unknown influence of NAMPT promoter SNPs on NAMPT transcription, eNAMPT secretion, and ARDS severity.

Methods and design:

Human lung endothelial cells (ECs) transfected with NAMPT promoter luciferase reporters harboring SNPs G-1535A, A-1001 C, and C-948A, were exposed to LPS or LPS/18% cyclic stretch (CS) and NAMPT promoter activity, NAMPT protein expression, and secretion assessed. NAMPT genotypes and eNAMPT plasma measurements (Days 0/7) were assessed in two ARDS cohorts (DISCOVERY n = 428; ALVEOLI n = 103).

Results:

Comparisons of minor allelic frequency (MAF) in both ARDS cohorts with the 1000 Human Genome Project revealed the G-1535A and C-948A SNPs to be significantly associated with ARDS in Blacks compared with controls and trended toward significance in non-Hispanic Whites. LPS-challenged and LPS/18% CS–challenged EC harboring the -1535G wild-type allele exhibited significantly increased NAMPT promoter activity (compared with -1535A) with the -1535G/-948A diplotype exhibiting significantly increased NAMPT promoter activity, NAMPT protein expression, and eNAMPT secretion compared with the -1535A/-948 C diplotype. Highly significant increases in Day 0 eNAMPT plasma values were observed in both DISCOVERY and ALVEOLI ARDS cohorts (compared with healthy controls). Among subjects surviving to Day 7, Day 7 eNAMPT values were significantly increased in Day 28 non-survivors versus survivors. The protective -1535A SNP allele drove -1535A/-1001A and -1535A/-948 C diplotypes that confer significantly reduced ARDS risk (compared with -1535G, -1535G/-1001 C, -1535G/-948A), particularly in Black ARDS subjects. NAMPT SNP comparisons within the two ARDS cohorts did not identify significant association with either APACHE III scores or plasma eNAMPT levels.

Conclusion:

NAMPT SNPs influence promoter activity, eNAMPT protein expression/secretion, plasma eNAMPT levels, and ARDS severity. NAMPT genotypes are a potential tool for stratification in eNAMPT-focused ARDS clinical trials.
Advanced technology in shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Zhong Jack , Boin Michael , Zuckerman Joseph D.
Published: July 2023

Background

Glenoid component positioning is an important and challenging aspect of total shoulder arthroplasty. The use of freehand technique with standard instrumentation or preoperative planning based on 2-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans provides an opportunity for improvement in terms of component accuracy, precision, and deformity correction. These techniques have produced varying outcomes.

Methods

Preoperative planning software (PPS), patient specific instrumentation (PSI), and intraoperative navigation (NAV) have been developed to improve the accuracy of implant placement and deformity correction with the ultimate goals of improved patient outcomes and implant longevity. Literature search was conducted on published and available studies comparing the accuracy of glenoid component placement and improvements in surgical and patient outcomes amongst the aforementioned techniques.

Results

PPS, PSI, and NAV have demonstrated improved accuracy over freehand techniques with standard instrumentation. However, data demonstrating the clinical benefit and cost effectiveness of these new technologies are lacking.

Discussion

In this paper, we reviewed the evidence available to answer the question of whether or not advanced shoulder arthroplasty technologies have been beneficial and reviewed future technologies in development such as virtual/mixed-reality and robotic assisted shoulder surgery.

Level of Evidence

4.
Oral paclitaxel and encequidar in patients with breast cancer: a pharmacokinetic, safety, and antitumor activity study
Authors: Dai Ming-Shen , Chao Ta-Chung , Chiu Chang-Fang , Lu Yen-Shen , Shiah Her-Shyong , Jackson Christopher G. C. A. , Hung Noelyn , Zhi Jianguo , Cutler David L. , Kwan Rudolf , Kramer Douglas , Chan Wing-Kai , Qin Albert , Tseng Kuan-Chiao , Hung Cheung Tak , Chao Tsu-Yi
Published: July 2023

Background:

Paclitaxel is widely used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, it has a low oral bioavailability due to gut extrusion caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Oral paclitaxel (oPAC) may be more convenient, less resource-intensive, and more tolerable than its intravenous form. Encequidar (E) is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed, gut-specific oral P-gp inhibitor that facilitates the oral absorption of paclitaxel.

Objectives:

To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), overall response rate (ORR), and safety of weekly oral paclitaxel with encequidar (oPAC + E) in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Design:

This is a multicenter, single-arm, open-label study in six medical centers in Taiwan.

Methods:

Patients with advanced breast cancer were administered 205 mg/m2 oPAC and 12.9 mg E for 3 consecutive days weekly for up to 16 weeks. Plasma samples were collected at weeks 1 and 4. PK, ORR, and safety were evaluated.

Results:

In all, 28 patients were enrolled; 27 had MBC; 23 had prior chemotherapy; and 14 had ⩾2 lines of prior chemotherapy. PK were evaluable in 25 patients. Plasma paclitaxel area under the curve (AUC)(0–52 h) at week 1 (3419 ± 1475 ng h/ml) and week 4 (3224 ± 1150 ng h/ml) were equivalent. Best overall response in 28 evaluable patients was partial response (PR) in 11 (39.3%), 13 (46.4%) stable disease (SD), and 1 (3.6%) with progressive disease (PD). No patient achieved complete response (CR). The clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD) was 85.7%. Major adverse events among the 28 treated patients were grade 3 neutropenia (25%), grade 4 neutropenia (18%), with febrile neutropenia in 4%, and grade 3 diarrhea (4%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 1 (4%) patient and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy in 1 (4%) patient.

Conclusions:

oPAC + E produced a consistent therapeutic plasma paclitaxel exposure during treatment. There was a high rate of radiologically assessed clinical benefit, and a low rate of neurotoxicity which may provide advantages over IV paclitaxel.

Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03165955