bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de modelo de gestión para disminuir la deserción de estudiantes de un Instituto Técnico Superior de Comunicaciones en el Perú
Authors: Ruiz-Loayza Marleni Dorothy , Valdiviezo-López Raúl , Martínez-Quintanilla Roy Fernando
Published: January 2022

Durante el año 2020 los institutos técnicos públicos y privados en el Perú, tuvieron un incremento importante en la deserción de sus estudiantes, como consecuencia del impacto de la pandemia Covid-19, el cual afectó el desempeño de sus estudiantes y la continuación de sus estudios. Esta realidad fue ocasionada por diversos factores: educacionales, psicológicos, económicos, sanitarios, entre otros; que requieren ser resueltas por las autoridades educativas, proponiendo soluciones efectivas para revertir la problemática de la deserción. La investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer modelo de gestión que permita disminuir la deserción estudiantil en un Instituto Técnico Superior de Comunicaciones. El estudio se planteó bajo un enfoque mixto, de nivel comprensivo y de tipo proyectiva, la cual incluyó como instrumentos una encuesta aplicada a 31 estudiantes y 4 entrevistas a colaboradores del instituto: administrador, secretario académico, docente y asistente administrativo. Los resultados de los principales hallazgos, muestran que el instituto requiere mejorar su servicio académico y administrativo, así como desarrollar los programas de estudios de manera adecuada. Asimismo, la investigación identifica alumnos con bajo nivel de formación educativa y desinterés por continuar sus estudios. Se concluye que es ineludible aplicar una gestión administrativa y pedagógica eficaz, implementando actividades de seguimiento, monitoreo y reforzamiento a los estudiantes, brindándoles apoyo psicológico de competencias y mejorando la gestión administrativa de la institución, a fin de disminuir la deserción de estudiantes de un instituto técnico superior de comunicaciones en el Perú.
Propuesta de mejora de la satisfacción laboral en el área administrativa de una empresa importadora en Lima (2020)
Authors: Chinchay-Tisoc Luis Alberto , Cusicanqui-Zavaleta Iris Samanta Siu , Martínez-Quintanilla Roy Fernando , Valdiviezo-López Raúl
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio se planteó con la finalidad de mejorar la satisfacción laboral del área administrativa de una empresa importadora en Lima, (Perú), realizando un diagnóstico y explicando los factores que componen dicha satisfacción. El estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque mixto, considerando el sintagma holístico y los métodos inductivo y deductivo. La muestra total de la población fue de treinta (30) empleados del área administrativa, debido al número limitado de personas existentes. Las unidades informantes que accedieron a participar en la entrevista fueron tres ejecutivos de la empresa. Como instrumento se empleó el cuestionario de Sonia Palma, que consta de siete (07) subcategorías y treinta y seis (36) ítems de preguntas. Asimismo, se utilizó el diagrama de Pareto y el software IBM SPSS Statistics para procesar los datos cuantitativos, y para los datos cualitativos se empleó el software Atlas.ti; Con dicha información se procedió a realizar el diagnóstico a través de la triangulación. Finalmente, se identificaron los factores que inciden en la satisfacción laboral los cuales son la remuneración no acorde con las labores realizadas, el deterioro de las relaciones humanas y la falta de reconocimiento al mérito. Por ello, se propone mejorar la satisfacción laboral a través de la aplicación de un modelo integral que comprende entre otras herramientas, la elaboración de un informe de la escala salarial, un manual que permita identificar las habilidades de los colaboradores, un taller de relaciones humanas y un manual de reconocimiento al mérito.
Emprendimiento femenino: características, motivos de éxito, limitantes, involucrados y consecuencias
Authors: Orihuela-Ríos Natividad Carmen
Published: January 2022

El Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Perú 2017 - 2018 explicó que Perú ocupa el primer lugar en América Latina y el Caribe y el quinto en el Índice de Emprendimiento. La presencia de mujeres emprendedoras por oportunidad es de 0,92 por cada hombre, por lo que se incorporaron a la economía del país y están generando empleo directa e indirectamente. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el emprendimiento femenino e identificar las características, motivos de éxito, limitaciones, implicaciones y consecuencias. El estudio se desarrolló bajo el paradigma interpretativo, enfoque cualitativo, método analítico, sintético e inductivo. La categoría de estudio se dividió en cinco subcategorías, y se codificó cada indicador, luego se trianguló la información de la entrevista con el apoyo del software Atlas.ti 8. La principal característica de las mujeres emprendedoras es la perseverancia y siempre están atentas a las oportunidades del mercado. Una limitación es el acceso al financiamiento para el capital inicial, así como los trámites, son burocráticos. A pesar del carácter exigente del negocio, las mujeres no descuidan sus tareas como madres. La familia apoya el crecimiento y desarrollo de la actividad económica, lo que se traduce en rentabilidad económica y riqueza personal, lo que permite la emprendedora independencia económica y estatus social.
Producción y consumo de manera responsable de alimentos y bebidas en la ciudad de Quito
Authors: Salazar-Duque Diego Alfredo , Portugal-Morejón Elizabeth Carolina , Fierro-Mosquera Daniel Gonzalo
Published: January 2022

La producción y el consumo son fuerzas que aportan al impulso económico a nivel mundial que requieren, de manera continua, de varios recursos naturales que se encuentran en el medio ambiente. El uso inadecuado y excesivo de estos pueden generar a futuro efectos destructivos sobre los sistemas de los que depende el desarrollo del planeta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las acciones que realizan tanto los establecimientos y empresas del sector de servicios de alimentos y bebidas para una producción responsable como del consumo por parte de los consumidores de la ciudad de Quito. Se consideró una investigación cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo y transversal donde se levantó dos tipos de encuestas; una dirigida a los establecimientos gastronómicos y otra a los consumidores. Como resultado general se obtuvo que las empresas que se dedican a este servicio generan significativamente actividades relacionadas con las dimensiones ambientales y económicas, y en menor medida a nivel social. En cuanto a los resultados afines con el consumo responsable, un gran porcentaje del mercado conoce los motivos porqué adquiere un producto, pero no los usa o desecha correctamente. Se concluye que, los establecimientos poseen puntos débiles que deben ser ajustados en cuanto a producción, comercio y distribución de sus alimentos y bebidas y para que se genere un consumo responsable es necesario proponer estrategias y acciones que minimice el impacto negativo que puede sufrir el medio ambiente al minimizar el desperdicio, eso quiere decir, aumentar la eficiencia de recursos y promover estilos de vida sostenibles.
Estrategia didáctica mediada por el aprendizaje autorregulado para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en educación artística
Authors: Puerta-Vásquez Sandra Milena , Suárez-Molina Veronica Johana
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito diseñar una estrategia didáctica mediada por el aprendizaje autorregulado para el desarrollo de habilidades del pensamiento crítico en el área de educación artística en la disciplina de artes plásticas y visuales. Partiendo de un enfoque mixto, se inició, desde un estudio cuantitativo a través de un diseño no experimental, con la identificación de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico y las competencias de autorregulación de los estudiantes. Luego, se dio desarrollo al estudio cualitativo, en el que, por medio de un diseño fenomenológico, se determinaron los componentes de la estrategia didáctica y se analizaron los factores de la autorregulación del aprendizaje en esta. Para la recolección de los datos cuantitativos se aplicó un cuestionario autodoligenciable a 27 estudiante, mientras que para la obtención de los datos cualitativos se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 5 docentes. Entonces, con base en un análisis descriptivo, se evidenció que, si bien existen habilidades del pensamiento crítico y competencias de autorregulación en los estudiantes, estas no están desarrolladas en gran medida y requieren de un fortalecimiento. Además, se señaló que para el desarrollo de la estrategia didáctica los docentes proponen plantear actividades artísticas que contengan elementos motivadores y de autorreflexión. Así, es de gran importancia el rescate que se realizó en esta investigación a las virtudes del arte y el cómo a través de la autorregulación se desarrollan habilidades del pensamiento crítico, lo que puede llevar a la transformación personal y social de los jóvenes.
Responsabilidad Social: Cumplimiento de directrices ISO 26000 frente a los requerimientos legales de seguridad y salud en el trabajo
Authors: Freire-Constante Luis Fernando , Yandún-Burbano Edison Daniel , Castro-García Erick Alberto , Castro-García Sebastián Ricardo
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo no experimental de corte transversal, cuyo propósito es evidenciar el cumplimiento de Responsabilidad Social y prevención de riesgos laborales a través de las directrices de la Guía ISO 26000 para identificar los estándares de implementación en empresas ecuatorianas. Se utilizó la encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos en los meses de marzo y abril del año 2021, contando con una participación de 388 profesionales y al ser un estudio de variables cualitativas se analizó las frecuencias y porcentajes de cumplimiento de las directrices del numeral 6.4.6 Asunto 4 sobre prácticas laborales: salud y seguridad ocupacional de la norma ISO 26000 Guía de Responsabilidad Social. El nivel de cumplimiento de las variables analizadas en gestión documental y buenas prácticas universales como entrega de equipos de protección personal, colectiva y exámenes ocupacionales son aceptables. La gestión en equidad y protección a personas vulnerables, el generar nuevas políticas que garantice la no persecución a empleados por evidenciar acciones y condiciones inseguras en sus lugares de trabajo y la falta de compromiso en la no participación y toma de decisiones de los organismos paritarios es menos frecuente en su cumplimiento. Se observa debilidades en la consecución de las directrices emitidas por la Guía de Responsabilidad Social en el contexto del compromiso, protección y equidad de todos los grupos de interés de las organizaciones. Debe ser reformulado el compromiso de gestionar integralmente los riesgos laborales ya que es una de las aristas principales de la Responsabilidad Social empresarial.
Responses of Cereal Yields and Soil Carbon Sequestration to Four Long-Term Tillage Practices in the North China Plain
Authors: Chen Suying , Yang Peipei , Zhang Yuming , Dong Wenxu , Hu Chunsheng , Oenema Oene
Published: January 2022

Current tillage practices in the important winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system of the North China Plain are under debate because of negative effects on soil quality and crop yield. Therefore, a long-term experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2018 to determine the effects of soil conservation practices on crop yield and soil quality. The treatments were imposed following maize harvest and prior wheat seeding, and were defined as follows: (1) moldboard ploughing (0–20 cm) following maize straw removal (CK); (2) moldboard ploughing (0–20 cm) following maize straw return (CT); (3) rotary tillage following maize straw return (RT); and (4) no tillage with maize straw covering the soil surface (NT). Wheat straw was chopped and spread on the soil in all treatments and maize seeded without prior tillage. Wheat yields were higher in CT than RT and NT treatments (p < 0.05); NT had 18% lower wheat yields than CT. No significant differences were found between treatments in summer maize yields. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the surface layer (0–5 cm) was higher in NT and RT compared to CT and CK. However, SOC content in the 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers was lower in NT and RT compared to CT and CK. Similarly, available phosphorus in the surface soil was higher in NT and RT than in CT and CK. but the opposite was true for the lower soil layers. SOC stocks (0–30 cm) increased in all treatments, and were initially faster in NT and RT than in CT and CK. However, SOC stocks were higher in CT than in other treatments at the end of the experiment. This finding indicates that no tillage and reduced tillage decreased both wheat yields and soil C sequestration over time; it also indicates that CT was the most robust in terms of crop yields and soil C sequestration.
Plumage Response of Young Turkeys to Diets with Increased Methionine to Lysine Ratios at Three Dietary Arginine Levels
Authors: Mróz Emilia , Jankowski Jan , Skowroński Marek , Mikulski Dariusz
Published: January 2022

A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two dietary methionine levels (Met; 30% and 45% of Lys content) and three arginine levels (Arg; 90%, 100%, and 110% of Lys content) on plumage development in 4- and 16-week-old female turkeys. One-day-old turkey poults were assigned to six groups (eight replicate pens per group and 18 birds per pen) and fed experimental diets containing 1.6%, 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.0% of Lys in four successive four-week periods. After weeks 4 and 16 of feeding, eight turkeys per group were selected for plumage evaluation. Feathers were collected from the outer side of one thigh and from an area of 4 cm2 in the interscapular region. Plumage was evaluated based on an established pattern of five feather development stages in turkeys, from stage I (pinfeathers covered in sheaths) to stage V (mature feathers). An increase in the Met inclusion rate to 45% of Lys content had no significant effect on feather growth in 4-week-old turkeys, but it accelerated the development of feathers in 16-week-old birds. A lower percentage of stage II (p = 0.035), stage III (p = 0.019), and stage IV (p = 0.003) immature feathers, and a higher percentage of stage V (mature) feathers (p = 0.001) were observed. Methionine exerted a greater effect on the development of thigh feathers (p = 0.001) than interscapular feathers (p = 0.074). Unlike Met, different Arg concentrations had no influence on plumage development in turkeys. Overall, the present results indicate that supplemental Met has a potential for accelerating feather development in 16-week-old turkeys via an increased supply of total sulfur amino acids.
Alteration in Activity Patterns of Cows as a Result of Pain Due to Health Conditions
Authors: Mainau Eva , Llonch Pol , Temple Déborah , Goby Laurent , Manteca Xavier
Published: January 2022

The main conditions and diseases considered painful in dairy cows are mastitis, lameness, calving (including dystocia and caesarean section) and metritis. The cattle literature reports that deviation from normal daily activity patterns (both increased and/or reduced daily lying time) can be indicative of painful conditions and diseases in cows. This narrative review discusses on how pain due to several health conditions in dairy cows modifies its activity pattern and explores if non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are capable of restoring it. Divergent outcomes may differ depending upon the painful cause, the severity and the moment, and consequently its interpretation should be properly explained. For instance, cows with clinical mastitis reduced their time lying and increased the number of lying bouts and stepping due to pain caused by the swollen udder when cows are lying. However, lame cows show longer lying times, with a lower number of lying bouts and longer and more variable lying bouts duration, as compared to non-lame cows. When the relationship between painful disorders and daily activity patterns is studied, factors such as parity, bedding type and severity of disease are important factors to take into consideration. The potential benefits of the NSAIDs treatment in painful health disorders depend upon the type of drug administered, its dosage and administration mode, and the time of administration relative to the painful health disorder. This narrative review can be used as a tool to properly interpret and grade pain in cows through behavioural activity patterns and proposes directions for future investigations.
Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and Their Mode of Action
Authors: Tran Charlie , Cock Ian E. , Chen Xiaojing , Feng Yunjiang
Published: January 2022

The agricultural industry utilizes antibiotic growth promoters to promote livestock growth and health. However, the World Health Organization has raised concerns over the ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance transmission in the populace, leading to its subsequent ban in several countries, especially in the European Union. These restrictions have translated into an increase in pathogenic outbreaks in the agricultural industry, highlighting the need for an economically viable, non-toxic, and renewable alternative to antibiotics in livestock. Probiotics inhibit pathogen growth, promote a beneficial microbiota, regulate the immune response of its host, enhance feed conversion to nutrients, and form biofilms that block further infection. Commonly used lactic acid bacteria probiotics are vulnerable to the harsh conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system, leading to novel research using spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus. However, the exact mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics remain unexplored. This review tackles this issue, by reporting antimicrobial compounds produced from Bacillus strains, their proposed mechanisms of action, and any gaps in the mechanism studies of these compounds. Lastly, this paper explores omics approaches to clarify the mechanisms behind Bacillus probiotics.
NDM-1 Introduction in Portugal through a ST11 KL105 Klebsiella pneumoniae Widespread in Europe
Authors: Novais Ângela , Ferraz Rita Veiga , Viana Mariana , da Costa Paula Martins , Peixe Luísa
Published: January 2022

The changing epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Southern European countries is challenging for infection control, and it is critical to identify and track new genetic entities (genes, carbapenemases, clones) quickly and with high precision. We aimed to characterize the strain responsible for the first recognized outbreak by an NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Portugal, and to elucidate its diffusion in an international context. NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized patients (2018–2019) were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, molecular typing, whole-genome sequencing, and comparative genomics with available K. pneumoniae ST11 KL105 genomes. FT-IR spectroscopy allowed the rapid (ca. 4 h after incubation) identification of the outbreak strains as ST11 KL105, supporting outbreak control. Epidemiological information supports a community source but without linkage to endemic regions of NDM-1 producers. Whole-genome comparison with previous DHA-1-producing ST11 KL105 strains revealed the presence of different plasmid types and antibiotic resistance traits, suggesting the entry of a new strain. In fact, this ST11 KL105 clade has successfully disseminated in Europe with variable beta-lactamases, but essentially as ESBL or DHA-1 producers. We expand the distribution map of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Europe, at the expense of a successfully established ST11 KL105 K. pneumoniae clade circulating with variable plasmid backgrounds and beta-lactamases. Our work further supports the use of FT-IR as an asset to support quick infection control.
Separation of Albumin from Bovine Serum Applying Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems
Authors: Rufino Ana F. C. S. , Almeida Mafalda R. , Sharma Mukesh , Coutinho João A. P. , Freire Mara G.
Published: January 2022

In this work, the extraction and separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from its original matrix, i.e., bovine serum, was performed using a novel ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic system (IL-based ABS). To this end, imidazolium-, phosphonium-, and ammonium-based ILs, combined with the anions’ acetate, arginate and derived from Good Buffers, were synthesized, characterized, and applied in the development of ABS with K2HPO4/KH2PO4 buffer aqueous solutions at pH 7. Initial studies with commercial BSA revealed a preferential migration of the protein to the IL-rich phase, with extraction efficiencies of 100% obtained in a single-step. BSA recovery yields ranging between 64.0% and 84.9% were achieved, with the system comprising the IL tetrabutylammonium acetate leading to the maximum recovery yield. With this IL, BSA was directly extracted and separated from bovine serum using the respective ABS. Different serum dilutions were further investigated to improve the separation performance. Under the best identified conditions, BSA can be extracted from bovine serum with a recovery yield of 85.6% and a purity of 61.2%. Moreover, it is shown that the BSA secondary structure is maintained in the extraction process, i.e., after being extracted to the IL-rich phase. Overall, the new ABS herein proposed may be used as an alternative platform for the purification of BSA from serum samples and can be applied to other added-value proteins.
An Immersive Virtual Reality Training Game for Power Substations Evaluated in Terms of Usability and Engagement
Authors: Mondragón Bernal Iván F. , Lozano-Ramírez Natalia E. , Puerto Cortés Julian M. , Valdivia Sergio , Muñoz Rodrigo , Aragón Juan , García Rodolfo , Hernández Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Safety-focused training is essential for the operation and maintenance concentrated on the reliability of critical infrastructures, such as power grids. This paper introduces and evaluates a system for power substation operational training by exploring and interacting with realistic models in virtual worlds using serious games. The virtual reality (VR) simulator used building information modelling (BIM) from a 115 kV substation to develop a scenario with high technical detail suitable for professional training. This system created interactive models that could be explored using a first-person-perspective serious game in a cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE). Different operational missions could be carried out in the serious game, allowing several skills to be coached. The suitability for vocational training carried out by utility companies was evaluated in terms of usability and engagement. The evaluation used a System Usability Scale (SUS) and a Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ) filled by 16 power substation operators demonstrating marginally acceptable usability, with improvement opportunities and high acceptance (by utility technicians) of this system for operation training focused on safety in such hazardous tasks.
Vibration and Stress Response of High-Speed Train Gearboxes under Different Excitations
Authors: Zhu Wangang , Sun Wei , Wu Hao
Published: January 2022

The vibration data of the gearbox on a high-speed train was measured, and the vibration characteristics were analyzed in this paper. The dynamic stress of the gearbox under the internal and external excitation was examined by a railway vehicle dynamic model with a flexible gearbox and a flexible wheelset. The ideal 20th polygonal wear was considered, and dynamic stresses of the gearbox under different polygonal wear amplitudes were calculated. The gear transmission model was established to study the dynamic stress of the gearbox under the influence of the time-varying stiffness of the gear meshing. Based on the rigid–flexible coupling model, and considering the influence of wheel polygonization, gear meshing time-varying stiffness, and wheelset elastic deformation, the dynamic stress of the gearbox was investigated with consideration of the measured polygonal wear and measured rail excitation. The results show that the dynamic stress of the gearbox is dominated by the wheel polygonization. Moreover, not only the wheel polygonization excites the resonance of the gearbox, but also the flexible deformation of the wheelset leads to the deformation of the gearbox, which also increases the dynamic stress of the gearbox. Within the resonant bandwidth of the frequency, the amplitude of the dynamic stresses in the gearbox will increase considerably compared with the normal case.
A Co-Embedding Model with Variational Auto-Encoder for Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Xie Luodi , Huang Huimin , Du Qing
Published: January 2022

Knowledge graph (KG) embedding has been widely studied to obtain low-dimensional representations for entities and relations. It serves as the basis for downstream tasks, such as KG completion and relation extraction. Traditional KG embedding techniques usually represent entities/relations as vectors or tensors, mapping them in different semantic spaces and ignoring the uncertainties. The affinities between entities and relations are ambiguous when they are not embedded in the same latent spaces. In this paper, we incorporate a co-embedding model for KG embedding, which learns low-dimensional representations of both entities and relations in the same semantic space. To address the issue of neglecting uncertainty for KG components, we propose a variational auto-encoder that represents KG components as Gaussian distributions. In addition, compared with previous methods, our method has the advantages of high quality and interpretability. Our experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate our model’s superiority over the state-of-the-art baselines.
Interference Spectral Imaging Based on Liquid Crystal Relaxation and Its Application in Optical Component Defect Detection
Authors: Yuan Jiajia , Fan Wei , Cheng He , Huang Dajie , Du Tongyao
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose a fast interference spectral imaging system based on liquid crystal (LC) relaxation. The path delay of nematic LC during falling relaxation is used for the scanning of the optical path. Hyperspectral data can be obtained by Fourier transforming the data according to the path delay. The system can obtain two-dimensional spatial images of arbitrary wavelengths in the range of 300–1100 nm with a spectral resolution of 262 cm−1. Compared with conventional Fourier transform spectroscopy, the system can easily collect and integrate all valid information within 20 s. Based on the LC, controlling the optical path difference between two orthogonally polarized beams can avoid mechanical movement. Finally, the potential for application in contactless and rapid non-destructive optical component defect inspection is demonstrated.
Evaluation of Symmetrical Exercises in Scoliosis by Using Thermal Scanning
Authors: Vutan Ana-Maria , Lovasz Erwin-Christian , Gruescu Corina-Maria , Sticlaru Carmen , Sîrbu Elena , Jurjiu Nicolae-Adrian , Borozan Ion-Silviu , Vutan Călin
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: Scoliosis affects about 3% of the population and the number of children diagnosed with this condition is increasing. Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to observe the effectiveness of rehabilitation specific exercises for this condition. In the present study we aim to observe if symmetrical exercises activate the back muscles in the same way in the case of children with mild scoliosis and those without postural deviations; (2) Methods: We used the thermal imaging camera, which allows a non-invasive, painless investigation that provides real-time information about muscle activity. The study qualitatively assessed muscle activation during exercises. In this study, 30 children were divided into two groups: 15 children diagnosed with mild scoliosis and 15 children without postural deviations; (3) Results: Acquisition of images after each exercise revealed an imbalance in the functioning of the back muscles in children with scoliosis, with areas of higher temperature after exercise on the convexity side of the scoliotic curve. In the second experiment in which children with scoliosis performed the required exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, they showed a symmetrical activation of the back muscles on the right and left side of the back; (4) Conclusions: In children without postural deviations, symmetrical exercises activate the muscles equally on the right and left sides of the back. In the case of children with scoliosis, the symmetrical exercises indicated in the rehabilitation programs should be performed only under the supervision of a physiotherapist to properly activate the back muscles.
Thermodynamics Modeling for Actinide Monocarbides and Mononitrides from First Principles
Authors: Söderlind Per , Moore Emily E. , Wu Christine J.
Published: January 2022

The high-temperature thermodynamical properties for the actinide monocarbides and mononitrides ThC, ThN, UC, UN, PuC, and PuN are calculated from first-principles electronic-structure theory. The electronic structure is modeled with density-functional theory (DFT) and is fully relativistic, including the spin-orbit interaction. Furthermore, the DFT is extended to account for orbital–orbital interactions, by means of a parameter-free orbital-polarization (OP) technique, that has proven to be essential for the 5f electrons in plutonium. Strong anharmonicity and the temperature dependence of the lattice vibrations are captured with the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD) method. The calculated free energies and heat capacities are compared to published results from quasi-harmonic (QH) theory, and experiments, where available. For the uranium and plutonium compounds, we make use of CALPHAD assessments to help evaluate the theory. Generally, our anharmonic relativistic approach compares well with both CALPHAD and experiments. For the thorium compounds, our theory is in good accord with QH modeling of the free energy at lower temperatures but for the heat capacity the comparison is less favorable.
Silver Isotopes in Silver Suggest Phoenician Innovation in Metal Production
Authors: Eshel Tzilla , Tirosh Ofir , Yahalom-Mack Naama , Gilboa Ayelet , Erel Yigal
Published: January 2022

The current study presents Ag isotopic values of 45 silver artifacts with known Pb isotopic composition from the Southern Levant. These items originate from seven pre-coinage silver hoards, dating from the Middle Bronze Age IIC to the end of the Iron Age (~1650–600 BCE). These are the earliest silver artifacts analyzed for Ag isotopes; all former studies were performed on coins. All the sampled silver in this study contains relatively unfractionated Ag (−2 ≤ ε109Ag ≤ 1.5) that was more likely produced from hypogene, primary Ag-bearing minerals (e.g., galena and jarosite) and not from native, supergene silver. Four of the sampled hoards containing silver from Anatolia and the West Mediterranean (Iberia and Sardinia) are associated with the Phoenician quest for silver (~950–700 BCE). A significant amount of this Phoenician silver (12/28 items) plots within a narrower range of −0.5 ≤ ε109Ag ≤ 0.5. This is in contrast to non-Phoenician silver, which mostly underwent some degree of fractionation (16/17 items ε109Ag ≥ I0.5I). The results suggest that while all silver was exploited from primary ore sources, the Phoenicians dug deeper into the deposits, reaching ore minerals that did not undergo any weathering-associated fractionation. The results also call for further investigation regarding the influence of sealing and bundling in silver hoards on post-depositional fractionation of Ag isotopes.
A Review on Connecting Research, Policies and Networking in the Area of Climate-Related Extreme Events in the EU with Highlights of French Case Studies
Authors: Quevauviller Philippe
Published: January 2022

The increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather and climate events (e.g., floods, heat and cold waves, storms, forest fires) resulting from climate change-compounded vulnerabilities and exposure require a specific research focus. Climate-related extreme events are part of disaster risk reduction policies ruled at international, EU, and national levels, covering various sectors and features such as awareness-raising, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, monitoring and detection, response, and recovery. A wide range of research and technological developments, as well as capacity-building and training projects, has supported the development and implementation of these policies and strategies. In particular, research and innovation actions support the paradigm shift from managing “disasters” to managing “risks” and enhancing resilience needs. In this respect, a huge body of knowledge and technology has been developed in the EU-funded Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013) and Horizon 2020 (2014–2020), for example in the area of measures and technologies needed to enhance the response capacity to extreme weather and climate events affecting the security of people and assets. In addition, networking initiatives have been developed to connect scientists, policy-makers, practitioners, and industry and civil society representatives in order to boost research uptake, identify gaps, and elaborate research programs at EU level. Research and networking efforts are pursued within the newly starting framework program Horizon Europe (2021–2027), with a focus on supporting civil protection operations. This paper provides a general overview of relevant EU policies and examples of past and developing research in the area of weather and climate extreme events and highlights current networking efforts in this area.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Patients Who Recovered Normal Postural Control Have Dissimilar Brain Activation Patterns Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: An Yong Woo , Kang Yangmi , Jun Hyung-Pil , Chang Eunwook
Published: January 2022

Postural control, which is a fundamental functional skill, reflects integration and coordination of sensory information. Damaged anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may alter neural activation patterns in the brain, despite patients’ surgical reconstruction (ACLR). However, it is unknown whether ACLR patients with normal postural control have persistent neural adaptation in the brain. Therefore, we explored theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha-2 (10–12 Hz) oscillation bands at the prefrontal, premotor/supplementary motor, primary motor, somatosensory, and primary visual cortices, in which electrocortical activation is highly associated with goal-directed decision-making, preparation of movement, motor output, sensory input, and visual processing, respectively, during first 3 s of a single-leg stance at two different task complexities (stable/unstable) between ACLR patients and healthy controls. We observed that ACLR patients showed similar postural control ability to healthy controls, but dissimilar neural activation patterns in the brain. To conclude, we demonstrated that ACLR patients may rely on more neural sources on movement preparation in conjunction with sensory feedback during the early single-leg stance period relative to healthy controls to maintain postural control. This may be a compensatory protective mechanism to accommodate for the altered sensory inputs from the reconstructed knee and task complexity. Our study elucidates the strategically different brain activity utilized by ACLR patients to sustain postural control.
Afamin Levels and Their Correlation with Oxidative and Lipid Parameters in Non-diabetic, Obese Patients
Authors: Juhász Imre , Ujfalusi Szilvia , Seres Ildikó , Lőrincz Hajnalka , Varga Viktória Evelin , Paragh György , Somodi Sándor , Harangi Mariann , Paragh György
Published: January 2022

Background: Afamin is a liver-produced bioactive protein and features α- and γ-tocopherol binding sites. Afamin levels are elevated in metabolic syndrome and obesity and correlate well with components of metabolic syndrome. Afamin concentrations, correlations between afamin and vitamin E, afamin and lipoprotein subfractions in non-diabetic, obese patients have not been fully examined. Methods: Fifty non-diabetic, morbidly obese patients and thirty-two healthy, normal-weight individuals were involved in our study. The afamin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined with gel electrophoresis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to measure α- and γ tocopherol levels. Results: Afamin concentrations were significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the healthy control (70.4 ± 12.8 vs. 47.6 ± 8.5 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between afamin and fasting glucose, HbA1c, hsCRP, triglyceride, and oxidized LDL level, as well as the amount and ratio of small HDL subfractions. Negative correlations were observed between afamin and mean LDL size, as well as the amount and ratio of large HDL subfractions. After multiple regression analysis, HbA1c levels and small HDL turned out to be independent predictors of afamin. Conclusions: Afamin may be involved in the development of obesity-related oxidative stress via the development of insulin resistance and not by affecting α- and γ-tocopherol levels.
The Molecular Mechanism of Human Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 Blockade by the Metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22: An In Silico Study
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Yang Nan , Su Juan , Wu Chenchen , Liu Shengtang , Chang Lei , Plant Leigh D. , Meng Xuanyu
Published: January 2022

The endohedral metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 has been identified as a possible antineoplastic agent that can inhibit both the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. Despite these potentially important effects, our understanding of the interactions between Gd@C82(OH)22 and biomacromolecules remains incomplete. Here, we study the interaction between Gd@C82(OH)22 and the human voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (hVDAC1), the most abundant porin embedded in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), and a potential druggable target for novel anticancer therapeutics. Using in silico approaches, we observe that Gd@C82(OH)22 molecules can permeate and form stable interactions with the pore of hVDAC1. Further, this penetration can occur from either side of the MOM to elicit blockage of the pore. The binding between Gd@C82(OH)22 and hVDAC1 is largely driven by long-range electrostatic interactions. Analysis of the binding free energies indicates that it is thermodynamically more favorable for Gd@C82(OH)22 to bind to the hVDAC1 pore when it enters the channel from inside the membrane rather than from the cytoplasmic side of the protein. Multiple factors contribute to the preferential penetration, including the surface electrostatic landscape of hVDAC1 and the unique physicochemical properties of Gd@C82(OH)22. Our findings provide insights into the potential molecular interactions of macromolecular biological systems with the Gd@C82(OH)22 nanodrug.
Numerical Assessment of Zebra-Stripes-Based Strategies in Buildings Energy Performance: A Case Study under Tropical Climate
Authors: Chen Austin Miguel , Araque Kevin , Palacios Paola , Rodríguez Maure Katherine , Mora Dafni
Published: January 2022

Urban growth has increased the risk of over-heating both in the microclimate and inside buildings, affecting thermal comfort and energy efficiency. That is why this research aims to evaluate the energy performance of buildings in terms of thermal comfort (operative temperature (OP) levels, satisfied hours of natural ventilation SHNV, thermal lag), and energy efficiency (roof heat gains and surface temperatures) in an urban area in Panama City, using superficial-heat-dissipation biomimetic strategies. Two case studies, a base case and a proposed case, were evaluated using the Designbuilder software through dynamic simulation. The proposed case is based on a combined biomimetic strategy; the reflective characteristics of the Saharan ant applied as a coating on the roofs through a segmented pattern such as the Zebra’s stripes (one section with coating, and another without). Results showed that the OP decreased from 8 to 10 °C for the entire urban zone throughout the year. A reduction of 3.13% corresponding to 8790 kWh per year was achieved for cooling energy consumption. A difference of 5 °C in external surface temperature was obtained, having a lower temperature in which the biomimetic strategy was applied. Besides, it was evidenced that a contrasted-reflectivity-stripes pitched roof performed better than a fully reflective roof. Thus, the functionality of Zebra stripes, together with the reflective characteristics of the Saharan ant, provide better performance for buildings’ thermal regulation and energy needs for cooling.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO–CdS Composite Nanostructures towards the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Solar Light
Authors: Gurugubelli Thirumala Rao , Ravikumar R. V. S. S. N. , Koutavarapu Ravindranadh
Published: January 2022

A simple chemical precipitation route was utilized for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), CdS NPs and ZnO–CdS nanocomposites (NCs). The synthesized nanostructures were examined for the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties and photodegradation activity of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The ZnO–CdS NCs showed a mixed phase of hexagonal wurtzite structure for both ZnO NPs and CdS NPs. Pure ZnO NPs and CdS NPs possessed bandgaps of 3.2617 and 2.5261 eV, respectively. On the other hand, the composite nanostructures displayed a more narrow bandgap of 2.9796 eV than pure ZnO NPs. When compared to bare ZnO NPs, the PL intensity of near-band-edge emission at 381 nm was practically suppressed, suggesting a lower rate of photogenerated electron–hole (e−/h+) pairs recombination, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity. Under solar light, the composite nanostructures displayed a photodegradation efficiency of 98.16% towards of RhB dye. After four trials, the structural stability of ZnO–CdS NCs was verified.
2-PMAP Ameliorates Cerebral Vasospasm and Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Regulating Neuro-Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Wu Chieh-Hsin , Tsai Hung-Pei , Su Yu-Feng , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Lu Ying-Yi , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: January 2022

A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), leading to severe disability and high fatality in survivors, is a devastating disease. Neuro-inflammation, a critical mechanism of cerebral vasospasm and brain injury from SAH, is tightly related to prognoses. Interestingly, studies indicate that 2-[(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol (2-PMAP) crosses the blood–brain barrier easily. Here, we investigated whether the vasodilatory and neuroprotective roles of 2-PMAP were observed in SAH rats. Rats were assigned to three groups: sham, SAH and SAH+2-PMAP. SAHs were induced by a cisterna magna injection. In the SAH+2-PMAP group, 5 mg/kg 2-PMAP was injected into the subarachnoid space before SAH induction. The administration of 2-PMAP markedly ameliorated cerebral vasospasm and decreased endothelial apoptosis 48 h after SAH. Meanwhile, 2-PMAP decreased the severity of neurological impairments and neuronal apoptosis after SAH. Furthermore, 2-PMAP decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes, expressions of TLR-4 and p-NF-κB, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and reactive oxygen species. This study is the first to confirm that 2-PMAP has vasodilatory and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of SAH. Taken together, the experimental results indicate that 2-PMAP treatment attenuates neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress and cerebral vasospasm, in addition to ameliorating neurological deficits, and that these attenuating and ameliorating effects are conferred through the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway.
Microtubular TRIM36 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in Embryonic Development and Spermatogenesis
Authors: Mascaro Martina , Lages Inês , Meroni Germana
Published: January 2022

TRIM36 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of RING-containing proteins, also known as Haprin, which was first discovered for its abundance in testis and found to be implicated in the spermatozoa acrosome reaction. TRIM36 is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a role in cytoskeletal organization, and according to data gathered in different species, coordinates growth speed and stability, acting on the microtubules’ plus end, and impacting on cell cycle progression. TRIM36 is also crucial for early developmental processes, in Xenopus, where it is needed for dorso-ventral axis formation, but also in humans as bi-allelic mutations in the TRIM36 gene cause a form of severe neural tube closure defect, called anencephaly. Here, we review TRIM36-related mechanisms implicated in such composite physiological and pathological processes.
Fluorescence Molecular Targeting of Colon Cancer to Visualize the Invisible
Authors: Lwin Thinzar M. , Turner Michael A. , Amirfakhri Siamak , Nishino Hiroto , Hoffman Robert M. , Bouvet Michael
Published: January 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer and cancer-related death. Surgery is the only curative modality. Fluorescence-enhanced visualization of CRC with targeted fluorescent probes that can delineate boundaries and target tumor-specific biomarkers can increase rates of curative resection. Approaches to enhancing visualization of the tumor-to-normal tissue interface are active areas of investigation. Nonspecific dyes are the most-used approach, but tumor-specific targeting agents are progressing in clinical trials. The present narrative review describes the principles of fluorescence targeting of CRC for diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery with molecular biomarkers for preclinical or clinical evaluation.
The Role of OXT, OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1a Gene Expression in the Course of Schizophrenia
Authors: Broniarczyk-Czarniak Marta , Szemraj Janusz , Śmigielski Janusz , Gałecki Piotr
Published: January 2022

Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness, the symptoms of which usually appear for the first time in late adolescence or early adulthood. To date, much research has been conducted on the etiology of schizophrenia; however, it is still not fully understood. Oxytocin and vasopressin as neuromodulators that regulate social and emotional behavior are promising candidates for determining the vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of OXT, OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1a genes at the mRNA and protein levels in patients with schizophrenia. Due to the neurodegenerative nature of schizophrenia, the study group was divided into two subgroups, namely, G1 with a diagnosis that was made between 10 and 15 years after the onset of the illness, and G2 with a diagnosis made up to two years after the onset of the illness. Moreover, the relationship between the examined genes and the severity of schizophrenia symptoms, assessed using PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and CDSS scales (Clinical Depression Scale for Schizophrenia) was evaluated. The analysis of the expression of the studied genes at the mRNA and protein levels showed statistically significant differences in the expression of all the investigated genes. OXT and AVPR1a gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in the schizophrenia group, and OXTR and AVP gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was higher in the schizophrenia subjects than in the controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation of OXT gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels with the severity of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia as assessed by CDSS was found.