bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Italian public interest in online and in‐person psychological support during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Insights from Google Trends
Authors: Lo Moro Giuseppina , Giacomo Scaioli , Francesco Conrado , Carola Linot , Fabrizio Bert , Roberta Siliquini
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the interest in online and in‐person psychological support services in Italy during the COVID‐19 pandemic, stimulated by the implementation of the government‐issued ‘bonus psicologo’ for psychotherapy sessions.

Methods and Measures

Public interest was measured using data from Google Trends, a resource that offers open access to actual search requests, within the time frame of 2 July 2017 to 13 November 2022. These data were stratified for Italian regions to explore regional differences. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess changes in interest before, during and after the lockdown.

Results

Results indicated a significant increase in interest in online psychological support during the lockdown, which was sustained over time and was positively correlated with the implementation of the ‘bonus psicologo’ (p < .001). Interest in in‐person support decreased during the lockdown but began to rise post‐lockdown (p = .028), with no notable impact from the economic incentive. High interest in online support continued in certain regions even 1 year post‐lockdown, warranting further analysis.

Conclusion

The study underscores a heightened post‐pandemic interest in psychological support, both online and in person, in comparison with pre‐pandemic levels. Google Trends emerges as a valuable tool for monitoring public interest during specific events, though the findings must be interpreted with care, given the study's time frame and reliance on relative search volume as a measure. Future research is needed to validate these findings and to compare them against epidemiological data.
Clients' perceptions of motivational interviewing with couples: A qualitative examination of male couples' statements to counsellors in session
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Cruse Carolyn , Kyre Kory D. , Bosco Stephen C. , Ingersoll Karen S.
Published: November 2023

Background

The past two decades have seen expanding interest in the application of motivational interviewing (MI) with couples. Thus far, the literature detailing the development of MI with couples has focused primarily on elucidating counselling processes and techniques or on evaluating intervention effects. To date, no published studies have examined client perceptions of the counselling process in MI with couples.

Methods

This study involved qualitative analysis of 55 sessions from 24 couples (48 individuals) who received short (three‐session) courses of MI with couples in the context of a randomised controlled trial. All participants identified as cisgender male and were 18 or older. In each couple, at least one partner was aged 18–29, HIV negative and reported drug use in the past 30 days.

Results

Analysis revealed that client couples attributed the benefits of MI with couples to expectancy‐related effects (merely structuring time to talk) and common factors (the presence of the counsellor as a non‐judgmental observer). Clients also conveyed appreciation for techniques and activities that enhanced dyadic functioning through communication skill building and the identification of shared values. Finally, clients appreciated the opportunity to discuss drug use and sexual behaviour in an integrated way.

Discussion

Findings indicated the utility of counsellor‐delivered behavioural interventions. They also align with recent formulations of the counsellor's role in MI with couples and the introduction of facilitating dyadic functioning as a distinct process. Finally, they highlight the potential value of training counsellors to address the intersection of drug use, sexual risk and sexual pleasure in sessions. These dimensions of practice receive inconsistent attention across counselling training programme curricula.
What Can be Learned from Proton Relays in Photosystem II toward Complete Biomimicking of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis?
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Pashabadi Afshin
Published: November 2023

How to put together a comprehensive water oxidation design is the long‐term problem for the generation of sustainable fuels. In nature, plants are equipped with a complex mechanism (the Calvin cycle) in the stroma that, over the billions of years, efficiently takes CO2 and converts it to sugar. This reductive process needs electrons from an oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) in the core of photosystem II, where a water oxidation reaction (WOR) releases molecular oxygen. The initial function of proton relays in natural WOR happens when Tyrosine Yz is oxidized by light harvested P680 through a proton‐coupled electron transfer reaction. The second and main one, is composed of water‐included polypeptide channels from and to CaMn4O5. These channels were created utilizing hydrogen‐bonded networks (HBN). HBN is crucial in providing water substrate and removing the released protons to prevent the accumulation of protons and preserve the stability of the catalytic center. This concept summarizes the challenges in employing biomimicry to create artificial leaves from the viewpoint of proton relays, with the main purpose being providing structural functionality to assist the quick proton hopping.
ortho‐Boronic Acid Carbonyl Compounds and Their Applications in Chemical Biology**
Authors: Haggett Jack G. , Domaille Dylan W.
Published: November 2023

Iminoboronates and diazaborines are related classes of compounds that feature an imine ortho to an arylboronic acid (iminoboronate) or a hydrazone that cyclizes with an ortho arylboronic acid (diazaborine). Rather than acting as independent chemical motifs, the arylboronic acid impacts the rate of imine/hydrazone formation, hydrolysis, and exchange with competing nucleophiles. Increasing evidence has shown that the imine/hydrazone functionality also impacts arylboronic acid reactivity toward diols and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Untangling the communication between C=N linked functionalities and arylboronic acids has revealed a powerful and tunable motif for bioconjugation chemistries and other applications in chemical biology. Here, we survey the applications of iminoboronates and diazaborines in these fields with an eye toward understanding their utility as a function of neighboring group effects.
Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐Plasma Membrane Interaction in Live Cells and the Influence of GPI Glycan Structure on the Interaction
Authors: Kundu Sayan , Jaiswal Mohit , Babu Mullapudi Venkanna , Guo Jiatong , Kamat Manasi , Basso Kari B. , Guo Zhongwu
Published: November 2023

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) need to interact with other components in the cell membrane to transduce transmembrane signals. A bifunctional GPI probe was employed for photoaffinity‐based proximity labelling and identification of GPI‐interacting proteins in the cell membrane. This probe contained the entire core structure of GPIs and was functionalized with photoreactive diazirine and clickable alkyne to facilitate its crosslinking with proteins and attachment of an affinity tag. It was disclosed that this probe was more selective than our previously reported probe containing only a part structure of the GPI core for cell membrane incorporation and an improved probe for studying GPI‐cell membrane interaction. Eighty‐eight unique membrane proteins, many of which are related to GPIs/GPI‐anchored proteins, were identified utilizing this probe. The proteomics dataset is a valuable resource for further analyses and data mining to find new GPI‐related proteins and signalling pathways. A comparison of these results with those of our previous probe provided direct evidence for the profound impact of GPI glycan structure on its interaction with the cell membrane.
Cyano Decoration of π‐Bridge to Boost Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Quantum Yields of Triazine/Carbazole Based Blue TADF Emitter
Authors: Li Huiting , Ren Huicai , Wang Jiahui , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan
Published: November 2023

In general, a large donor‐acceptor dihedral angle is required to guarantee sufficient frontier molecular orbitals separation for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, which is intrinsically unfavorable for the radiative transition. We present a molecular design method favoring both reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and radiative transitions even at a moderate D−A angle. A blue TADF emitter TrzBuCz‐CN was designed with triazine/tert‐butylcarbazole as donor/acceptor and cyano (CN) incorporated on the phenylene bridge. In comparison with the methyl decoration in similar way (TrzBuCz−Me), CN decoration reduced the D−A dihedral angle from 70° to 60°, which is intrinsically not favorable for sufficient FMO separation, but unexpectedly reduced the singlet and triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and thus facilitated TADF feature by pulling down the lowest singlet state energy. While the reduced distorsion instead improved the HOMO‐LUMO overlap and boosted the fluorescence quantum yield from 41 % to 94 %. The blue organic light‐emitting diode of TrzBuCz‐CN exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 13.7 % with emission peak at 466 nm, greatly superior to 6.0 % of TrzBuCz−Me. The result provides a feasible design strategy to facilitate both RISC and radiation processes by CN decoration of the linking bridge of TADF emitters.
Automated nanofibre sizing by multi‐image processing and deep learning with revised UNet model
Authors: Yu Hesheng , Gao Erqian , Tan Zhongchao
Published: November 2023

Nanofibres have been widely used in many chemical engineering applications and their performance greatly depends on the size distribution of the nanofibres. Researchers have developed automated tools to determine nanofibre diameters, primarily using commercial MATLAB software package. However, no researchers have reported automatic processing of multiple images, which is essential to the consistency and accuracy of results. Nor has anyone reported nanofibre sizing using deep learning. Therefore, this paper reports an automated tool to measure the size distribution of electrospun nanofibres by simultaneous multi‐image processing. This tool determines the diameters of nanofibres using deep learning based on UNet model. Results show that the UNet‐based deep learning approach is more accurate than those obtained using existing methods, compared to experimental data.
Evaluation of neural network models and quality forecasting based on process time‐series data
Authors: Wang Zhu , Liu Laize , Dong Xiujuan , Liu Jiaxuan
Published: November 2023

Complex industrial process modelling is critically important within the context of industrial intelligence. In recent years, soft sensor techniques based on neural networks have become increasingly popular for modelling nonlinear industrial processes. This paper proposes an integrated framework of neural network modelling and evaluation for nonlinear dynamic processes. This framework achieves an integrated solution for modelling, prediction, evaluation, and network structure parameter selection. It can be applied to noisy sensors and dense data in the time domain. The framework's proposed evaluation mechanism employs two novel evaluation metrics, the variational auto‐encoder (VAE)‐based Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence metric and the maximum likelihood estimation‐based J metric, which both evaluate the model by mining the statistical properties of the residuals. The framework models the dynamic process with a model order based‐gated recurrent units (MOb‐GRU) neural network and a modified transformer model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the evaluation mechanism functions properly in scenarios with multiple signal‐to‐noise ratios and multiple noise statistical properties and that the framework produces accurate modelling results.
A low power‐area low pass Gm‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition
Authors: Vafaei Mehrnoosh , Parhizgar Ali , Abiri Ebrahim , Salehi Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a low‐power transconductor‐capacitor (Gm‐C) filter with programmable cutoff frequency is designed for electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and surface electromyography (sEMG) biosignals. The second‐order Butterworth low pass filter (LPF) is designed as an interface between an instrumentation amplifier (IA) and an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC). The proposed Gm‐C filter suppresses out‐of‐band components and also plays an anti‐aliasing role. With the variable transconductance based on flipped voltage follower (FVF), the cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz are obtained for EEG, ECG, and sEMG, respectively. This structure is highly accurate by using a robust and low‐power common mode feedback (CMFB). With 0.8 V supply voltage, the total power consumption of the filter is only 56 nW, 100 nW, and 221 nW for cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz, respectively. The proposed Gm‐C filter is simulated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 0.12 mm2. The figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed filter is equal to 1.9 pW/pole.
Utility of GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry for the assessment of fine‐needle aspiration in breast cancer patients with suspicious axillary lymph nodes at ultrasound
Authors: Lan Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Li Jianping , He Rongfang
Published: November 2023

Background

Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a routine preoperative method for evaluating suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in patients with breast cancer. However, a range of reasons such as morphological pitfalls, technical artifacts, and sampling errors restrict the sensitivity and accuracy of FNAC. This retrospective study investigated the diagnostic value of GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3) immunocytochemistry for FNAC.

Methods

Breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative FNAC for suspicious ALNs, relevant GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry, and postoperative status of ALNs were reviewed from the period of March 2020 to February 2022. Altogether, 102 patients were included in the study. FNAC material smears stained with hematoxylin and eosin was initially assessed by two cytopathologists and categorized into five groups: nondiagnostic, negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy. Only group of cells positive for malignancy was considered positive. For each case, two selected slides were digitized (whole slide imaged) at ×40 magnification and decolored for GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry. The expression of GATA‐3 was scored ranging from 0 to 9 (Score ≥3: Positive, Score ≤2: Negative). If either FNAC or GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry was positive or the combined test positive, then the case was considered positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC, GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry, and combined FNAC/GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry were analyzed by χ2 and Fisher's tests.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 50.62 (ranging: 30–73 years). Invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified) accounted for most histological subtypes, and grade 2 was the leading Nottingham grade. Sixteen cases directly underwent mastectomy while the other 86 patients had neoadjuvant therapy. A more serious diagnosis was made based on GATA‐3 detection in 22.5% (n = 23) of 102 cases. Of the 23 cases, metastasis was confirmed by GATA‐3 detection in 21 cases, and an uncertain diagnosis was ascertained based on GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry in 2 with nondiagnostic FNAC results. The sensitivity (77/87, 88.5%) of GATA‐3 detection for distinguishing malignancies from benign lesions was higher than that of FNAC alone (62/87, 71.3%) (p < .05).

Conclusions

GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry exhibited high diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing malignant breast cancer cells. Moreover, combined FNAC and GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry achieved optimal results in terms of reducing the false‐negative rate and promoting accuracy.
Teledentistry content in Canadian dental and dental hygiene curricula
Authors: Bakhshaei Anahita , Donnelly Leeann , Wallace Bruce , Brondani Mario
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To explore the extent to which teledentistry (TD) content is incorporated into Canadian dental and dental hygiene curricula.

Methods

An anonymous survey was distributed among all 10 dental and 35 dental hygiene programs across Canada in June and July 2022. The survey focused on TD teaching (methods employed, content taught, and barriers to TD education), with descriptive (frequency, maximum, minimum, mean) and inferential (Pearson chi‐square for odds ratio test) data analyses using SPSS. A ρ − value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty‐four programs responsed to the survey, including all dental (n = 10) and 68% (n = 24) of dental hygiene programs; eighteen reported having TD content, including three dental programs. An average of 9.22 ± 4.86 h was reported for teaching TD, with lecture format as the most employed approach and using TD in dental practice as the most covered topic. While 53% of the dental hygiene programs employed formative and summative assessments, only one dental program reported having assessment for this content. Moreover, programs that dedicated less than 9 h to teaching this content were less likely to address more than seven topics (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.14).

Conclusion

The dental and dental hygiene programs in Canada differ in their offering TD education, and 30% of the dental and 62.5% of the surveyed dental hygiene programs addressed TD content. This scarcity emphasizes the necessity for incorporating such content in future curriculum planning to consequently decrease the lack of knowledge, an identified barrier to TD implementation in education and practice, as today's students will be future educators.
Research participants' perspectives regarding the feedback of secondary findings–A cohort from the DDD‐Africa study, South Africa
Authors: Shingwenyana Barry , Rossouw Bianca , Thom Jamey , Louw Nadja , Krause Amanda , Lombard Zané ,   for the DDD‐Africa Research Group, as members of The H3Africa Consortium
Published: November 2023

Genomic researchers face an ethical dilemma regarding feedback of individual results generated from genomic studies. In the African setting, genomic research is still not widely implemented and, coupled with this, the limited African‐specific guidelines on how to feedback on individual research findings. A qualitative study was performed to assess participants' expectations and preferences regarding the feedback of secondary findings from genomic research. Participants were parents of children with a developmental disorder, enrolled in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders in Africa (DDD‐Africa) research project, and were purposefully selected. Three deliberative focus group discussions were conducted with 14 participants. Each deliberative focus group consisted of two separate audio‐recorded interviews and presented different case scenarios for different types of secondary findings that could be theoretically detected during genomic research. We aimed to explore participants' preferences for the extent, nature, timing, and methods for receiving individual study results, specifically pertaining to secondary findings. Thematic content analysis was done, with a deductive approach to coding. Four themes emerged which included participants' perception of readiness to receive secondary findings, queries raised around who has access to research findings and feedback of findings consent, responsibilities of the researcher, and reasons for not wanting/wanting secondary findings. Overall, participants expressed that they want to receive feedback on secondary findings irrespective of disease severity and treatment availability. Lifestyle changes, early prevention or treatment, impact on future generations, and preparedness were strong motivations for wanting feedback on results. Participants felt that when the research involved minors, it was the parents' right to receive results on behalf of their children. This study provides new insights into participants' preferences around feedback on genomic research results and could serve as an important basis for creating guidelines and recommendations for feedback on genomic results in the African context.
“Learning with each other, about each other”: Interdisciplinary learning among genetic counseling students and clinical health psychology residents
Authors: Hartley Jessica N. , Holmqvist Maxine
Published: November 2023

Interprofessional collaborative healthcare is known to improve provider satisfaction and retention, as well as patient safety and quality of care. The specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to work in these environments are best taught interprofessionally. Despite having considerable overlap in training, orientation, and populations served, it is rare for trainees from genetic counseling and clinical health psychology to interact and learn together. In 2017, we developed an innovative week‐long clinical health psychology rotation for students in the University of Manitoba MSc in Genetic Counselling Program, which aims to enrich psychotherapeutic/counseling knowledge and skills, as well as gain familiarity with the work of clinical psychologists. This rotation incorporates didactic teaching, observation, and structured reflection. Didactic teaching includes topics such as psychological assessment, adaptation to life‐altering news, skills for managing intense emotional responses, and counseling for change. Observations of clinical health psychologists and clinical health psychology residents occur in a range of health settings. Structured reflection is practiced in both oral and written formats. Finally, both groups of trainees participate in an interprofessional case seminar series. Feedback from this experience has been very promising, and it was identified as a strength in the program's accreditation review. Adaptations over time include refining the clinical exposures to increase breadth and relevance, increasing the contact between the trainees from the two professions and enhancing the case seminar series to be more learner‐driven and to focus on explicit interprofessional skills and themes. In addition to expected results, this rotation has led to some unanticipated findings, including an emergent emphasis on the social determinants of health and the need to work collaboratively for systemic change. Further, psychology residents have identified that it benefits them to learn more about genetic counseling and expressed interest in potential reciprocal learning opportunities in genetics clinics.
Application of whole‐genome tiling array at Shanghai port, China: An alternative method for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance
Authors: Liu Danlei , Wang Zhiyi , Mao Mao , Zhang Zilei , Ding Xun , Zheng Huajun , Li Shenwei , Zhang Zilong , Tian Zhengan
Published: November 2023

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), highlights the critical role of genomic surveillance in tracking rapidly spreading viruses and their evolving lineages. The emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 tiling array, a comprehensive tool capable of capturing the entire viral genome, has presented a promising avenue for variants. This study introduces the SARS‐CoV‐2 tiling array as a novel method for port inspection. Using next‐generation sequencing as a benchmark, 35 positive samples underwent sequencing through both methodologies, including the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7), Delta variants (AY.120, AY.122, AY.23.1), and Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.4, BA.5, BE.1, BF.7, BN.1, BQ.1, XBB.1) within the sample set. The whole‐genome tiling array demonstrated successful identification of various sublineages of SARS‐CoV‐2. The average sequencing coverage rates were 99.22% (96.82%−99.92%) for the whole‐genome tiling array and 98.56% (92.81%−99.59%) for Illumina sequencing, respectively. The match rates of these two methods ranged from 92.81%−99.59%, with an average rate of 98.56%. Among the benefits of the whole‐genome tiling array are its cost‐effectiveness and equipment simplification, making it particularly suitable for identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in the front‐line inspection department. The aforementioned findings provide valuable insights into the surveillance of COVID‐19 and present a pragmatic solution for improving quarantine measures at entry points.
Clinical characteristics and pathogenic analysis of lower respiratory tract infections in advanced lung cancer patients with different treatment modalities
Authors: Guo Ruinan , Zhang Dan , Jin Jingjing , Liu Baiyi , Li Xuejuan , Huang Yan
Published: November 2023

Objective

To clarify the clinical characteristics and pathogenic analysis after lower respiratory tract infection in patients with advanced lung cancer under different treatments.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was adopted to collect 94 cases of patients with advanced lung cancer combined with lower respiratory tract infection from January 1, 2018 to December 1, 2020. Seventy‐four cases were male and 20 cases were female. According to the different treatments, the patients were divided into 43 cases in the chemotherapy group and 51 cases in the chemoradiotherapy group. The pathogenic and serological indexes were compared between the two groups to provide ideas for the application of antibiotics.

Results

In the comparison of general clinical data, the chemotherapy group had a shorter hospital stay than the chemoradiotherapy group and a higher body mass index level than the chemoradiotherapy group (p < 0.05). In the comparison of serological indicators, procalcitonin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil percentage were lower in the chemotherapy group, and the lymphocyte was higher than that in the chemoradiotherapy group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, and alanine transaminase between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the comparison of pathogenicity, the chemotherapy group was more likely to have combined viral infections, while the chemoradiotherapy group was more likely to have Gram‐negative bacterial infections (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of fungal infections (p > 0.05). Besides, the chemoradiotherapy group was more likely to have combined infections (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with advanced lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy have a relatively poor prognosis after developing lower respiratory tract infections and are more likely to have mixed infections. Antibiotics need to be applied as early as possible. The common pathogens should be covered. Antiviral and antifungal drugs can be added as appropriate, and drug sensitivity tests should be completed as early as possible.
Analysis of the thenar muscles with ultrasound shear wave elastography: Reliability and preliminary findings
Authors: Iida Naoya , Kuroiwa Tomoyuki , Amadio Peter
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Aims

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) of the thenar muscles has the potential to provide a simple and noninvasive assessment of the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but its reliability is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of SWE measurements of the elastic modulus of individual thenar muscles, to assess their suitability for clinical application.

Methods

Fourteen healthy volunteers, seven male and seven female, participated in this study. The elastic modulus of the thenar muscles was measured with SWE, with two independent examiners to assess inter‐rater reliability. The first examiner also performed a second measurement after an interval of least 1 day to assess intra‐rater reliability. Reliability was evaluated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

For the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and opponens pollicis (OPP), the CI of ICC in intra‐rater reliability was 0.47–0.85 and 0.56–0.88, respectively. The CI of ICC in inter‐rater reliability was 0.27–0.78 for the APB and 0.22–0.76 for the OPP. The ICCs of intra‐ and/or inter‐rater reliability of other thenar muscles were less than 0.5.

Discussion

In this study, SWE evaluations of thenar muscles were quite variable in terms of their reliability. A larger study will be needed to determine the source of this variability, improve reliability, and assess the value of SWE in the evaluation of the severity of CTS.
Laser joining of CFRTP to metal: A review on welding parameters, joint enhancement, and numerical simulation
Authors: Hu Shuangxi , Li Fang
Published: November 2023

As a lightweight material with high performance, carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic plastic (CFRTP) is being implemented increasingly in aerospace, automotive, new energy, and so forth. The connection between CFRTP and metals, which are still used in these areas, is an inevitable problem. Among the various connection techniques, laser welding of CFRTP to metal is attractive due to high efficiency, excellent strength, and no contact. This paper presents the most recent research on laser welding CFRTP and metals in three aspects: (a) the principle of laser welding CFRTP to metals and the influence of process parameters on joint quality including laser power, defocus distances, scanning speed, clamping pressure, and beam shape, (b) the joint enhancement mechanisms and methods, and (c) numerical simulations of temperature and stress fields of laser‐connected CFRTP to metals. The findings show that joint strength is significantly influenced by process parameters and that the maximum joint strength can be achieved by choosing the right parameters. Apart from the conventional techniques of texturing the metal surface, applying a suitable layer of resin, and applying chemical treatment, other novel joint improvement measures have also been used, including the use of blue laser and CFRTP embedded in the metal. The temperature field and residual stresses can be successfully simulated by finite elements, which can be useful when studying new processes and choosing parameters for metal laser welding and CFRTP.

Highlights

We review the progress from parameters, simulations, and enhancements.

The main parameters have essential effects on the dimensions and strength of joints.

FEM (Finite Element Method) is applied to simulate the temperature and stress of the laser welding.

Joints can be reinforced by surface pre‐texturing, adding resin, and grafting.
Sensor performance and computational study of polyaniline film in ethylenediamine detection
Authors: Khor Shu‐Hui , Tan Rachel Sze‐Huey , Kerk Chiu‐Yiat , Lee Michelle Li‐Yen , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Phang Sook‐Wai
Published: November 2023

The incorporation of computational chemistry toward the assessment of polyaniline (PAni) performance as ethylenediamine (EDA) sensor is first explored in this study. Through chemical oxidative polymerization, PAni is synthesized at different temperatures and applied as chemical sensor for EDA detection. PAni(0°C) exhibits higher electrical conductivity (1.486 × 10−2S/cm) and better sensitivity (0.0529) with R2 of 0.8419 compared to PAni(25°C). The presence of branches in PAni(25°C) hinders EDA from approaching the reactive sites of PAni and hence resulted in low sensitivity of 0.0022. Besides, 0.5 ppm limit of detection was obtained by using 3 layers of PAni(0°C). PAni(0°C) showed good recyclability of up to 10 cycles with 7 s short response time and 5 s fast recovery time. Meanwhile, good recoveries of 110% and 95% were obtained for real sample analysis for PAni(0°C). The high electrical conductivity of PAni(0°C) is supported by its low band gap energy of −0.2803 eV that was obtained by computational data. Based on the computational data, PAni(0°C) possesses the highest sensitivity in EDA detection with the short response time of 7 s which shows good agreement with the high interaction energy of 294 kcal/mol. Thus, a simple and effective EDA sensor is successfully developed.

Highlights

PAni(0°C & 25°C) were successfully characterized by FTIR and UV–Vis analysis.

PAni(0°C) shows higher conductivity due to formation of longer polymer chain.

Higher sensitivity toward EDA (slope = 0.0529) is obtained for PAni(0°C).

PAni(0°C) tetramer shows higher interaction energy and lower band gap energy.

PAni(0°C) shows 7 s response time, 5 s recovery time, and up to 10 recycling cycle.
Morphology control of conjugated microporous polymer networks for visible‐light‐driven oxidative coupling of amines
Authors: Jiang Sheng Hong , Li Xue , Zhang Xi Juan , Ding Qiong , Cai Tao
Published: November 2023

Morphology control of conjugated microporous polymer networks (CMPs) has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic efficiency and alleviating product contamination in photocatalytic organic transformations. In this contribution, we present the rational design and synthesis of hollow CMPs (hPorSTZ and hPorDTZ) featuring benzothiadiazoles linkages via Sonogashira‐Hagihara cross‐coupling reaction onto the surface of SiO2 microspheres, followed by the elimination of the SiO2 inner templates. By comparing the catalytic performance of hollow and nonhollow materials, we demonstrated the impact of substrate diffusion pathway on visible‐light‐driven oxidative coupling of amines to imines. With a larger specific surface area and variable surface catalytically active sites, the hollow CMPs exhibited efficient reusability, which reduced the consumption of precious resources and achieve faster conversion rates while maintaining reliable recyclability, competing with their nonhollow counterparts. This morphology‐controlled strategy outlines a promising route for diverse organic transformations utilizing stable, efficient, and recyclable metal‐free CMPs.
Distribution, frequency and molecular basis of clethodim and quizalofop resistance in brome grass (Bromus diandrus)
Authors: Busi Roberto , Goggin Danica , McKenna Nicholas , Taylor Candy , Runge Fabian , Mehravi Shagheyegh , Porri Aimone , Batley Jacqueline , Flower Ken
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Brome grass (Bromus diandrus Roth) is prevalent in the southern and western cropping regions of Australia, where it causes significant economic damage. A targeted herbicide resistance survey was conducted in 2020 by collecting brome grass populations from 40 farms in Western Australia and subjecting these samples to comprehensive herbicide screening. One sample (population 172‐20), from a field that had received 12 applications of clethodim over 20 years of continuous cropping, was found to be highly resistant to the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides clethodim and quizalofop, and so the molecular basis of resistance was investigated.

RESULTS

All 31 individuals examined from population 172‐20 carried the same resistance‐endowing point mutation causing an aspartate‐to‐glycine substitution at position 2078 in the translated ACCase protein sequence. A wild‐type susceptible population and the resistant population had similar expression levels of plastidic ACCase genes. The level of resistance to quizalofop, either standalone or in mixture with clethodim, in population 172‐20 was lower under cooler growing conditions.

CONCLUSION

Target‐site resistance to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides, conferred by one ACCase mutation, was selected in all tested brome plants infesting a field with a history of repeated clethodim use. This mutation appears to have been fixed in the infesting population. Notably, clethodim resistance in this population was not detected by the farmer, and a high future incidence of quizalofop resistance is anticipated. Herbicide resistance testing is essential for the detection of evolving weed resistance issues and to inform effective management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of High Al Content AlGaN Buffer Layer on the Properties of GaN‐on‐Silicon Materials
Authors: Liu YuQi , Wang Kai , Nie Zuorong , Wang Hong
Published: November 2023

The lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the silicon substrate and GaN lead to high tensile stress, which makes the GaN epitaxial layer prone to cracking. Effective compensation of tensile stress on GaN to prevent cracking is an important issue in GaN epitaxial growth. In this work, GaN‐on‐silicon materials with different AlGaN buffer layer structures are prepared by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The GaN epitaxial material with a smooth and crack‐free surface is fabricated by inserting 7 AlGaN buffer layers. The crystal quality of GaN is characterized using high resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD). The full‐width half maximum (FWHM) value of GaN(002) and GaN(102) crystal plane is 398 and 780 arcsec, respectively. The surface root mean square (RMS) roughness of GaN material is 0.31 nm, and the vertical breakdown voltage (BV) of the epitaxial wafer reaches 918 V. The results show that high Al content of the AlGaN buffer layer can effectively reduce the tensile stress and dislocation density of the GaN layer when the entire AlGaN layer thickness remains constant. Suppressing the generation of surface cracks and improving the crystal quality can improve the vertical breakdown voltage and two‐dimensional electron gas (2‐DEG) characteristics of GaN epitaxial wafers.
Integral sliding mode‐based event‐triggered nearly optimal tracking control for uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Shunchao , Wang Yonghua , Liu Dacai , Zhuang Jiawei , Zhang Yongwei
Published: November 2023

In this paper, an event‐triggered nearly optimal tracking control method is investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems by integrating adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) and integral sliding mode (ISM) control techniques. An ISM‐based discontinuous control law with a neural network (NN) adaptive term is designed to eliminate the influence of the uncertainties and obtain the sliding mode dynamics which is equivalent to the tracking error dynamics without uncertainties, and relax the known upper‐bounded condition of uncertainties. In order to guarantee the stability of tracking error system and the considerable optimality, under the ADP technique, a critic NN is applied to approximate the optimal value function for solving the event‐triggered Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation and the event‐triggered nearly optimal feedback control is obtained. The feedback control law is updated and transmitted to plant only when events occur, thus both the communication and the computational resources can be saved. Furthermore, the stability of tracking error is proven thanks to Lyapunov's direct method. Finally, we provide two simulation examples to validate the developed control scheme.
Surface analysis insight note: An example of a cluster analysis of spectra from an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy image
Authors: Moeini Behnam , Linford John M. , Gallagher Neal , Linford Matthew R.
Published: November 2023

Identification of similar and dissimilar spectra is an important part of analyzing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) images. Cluster analysis (CA) is a commonly used exploratory data analysis (EDA) method that groups similar spectra in a data set. CA can be performed in either an agglomerative fashion, for example, using Ward's method, which involves successively linking together/clustering the most similar spectra in a data set, or in a divisive fashion, for example, using the K‐means approach, which involves partitioning all the data into a specified number of clusters. In this note, we show the application of CA to an XPS image dataset. The use of Ward's method identified two major clusters in the image, where one of the clusters appeared as two subclusters. The K‐means image based on two clusters agrees well with previous analyses of the same image. The average spectra corresponding to clusters helped confirm the assignments made by the CA algorithms, as did a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of the interior region identified in our cluster analysis. “Elbow” plots can help determine the number of clusters to keep in K‐means clustering. The combination of the agglomerative and divisive forms of CA, where the first informs the second, can be effective in revealing the structures of XPS image datasets. The Procrustean bed is a metaphor for overfitting and underfitting in EDA.
Synthesis, XRD/HSA‐Interactions, QTAIM Analysis, Optical and Nonlinear Optical Responses Studies of Cu(II) Complex with the Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 5‐Bromosalicylaldehyde
Authors: Lamiri Wafa , Djaafer‐Moussa Raziqa , Merabet Layachi , Setifi Fatima , Kaboub Lakhemici , Hannachi Douniazed
Published: November 2023

In this study, we efficiently synthesized a new Schiff base ligand (H2L) along with its mononuclear complex Cu(II) (1). The chemical structures of these compounds were rigorously determined using various analytical techniques, including UV‐ Vis., FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR CHN elemental analysis, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and quantum calculations. The X‐ray diffraction analysis of the complex revealed the presence of intermolecular interactions characterized by C−H…Br hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of 2D layers. We conducted a systematic investigation of these intermolecular interactions using HS and QTAIM analysis. Additionally, we affected a comprehensive analysis of H2L, 1, and 2, focusing on their structural, electronic, and optical properties using DFT and TD‐DFT calculations in gas and solvent. The computed parameters closely matched the experimental data, demonstrating good agreement. Reactivity parameters indicated that complex 2 exhibited lower hardness (~1.7 eV) compared to 1 (~1.8 eV) and H2L (~4.4 eV). NLO analysis revealed substantial α and β values for compound 2 in both static and dynamic regimes. Notably, the β values of the title complexes increased with higher solvent polarity. In summary, our investigation highlights the potential of the title complexes as promising candidates for second‐order nonlinear optical materials.
A New Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Fused [1,2,5]Thiadiazoles and Their Dearomatization with C‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Fedorenko Alexey K. , Ivanova Victoria V. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Bastrakov Maxim A. , Starosotnikov Alexey M.
Published: November 2023

General method for the annulation of [1,2,5]thiadiazole ring to pyridine and benzene cycle has been developed using sulfur monochloride as a sulfur source. On this basis a number of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3‐b]pyridines and benzo[c]thiadiazoles were synthesized. The most π‐deficient [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3‐b]pyridines readily react with neutral carbon nucleophiles such as CH‐acids, indoles, pyrrole and phloroglucinol to give 1,4‐adducts.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Silver Closo‐Dodecaborate Film for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Khan Majharul Haque , Han Chao , Wang Xuefei , Li Weijie , Zhang Guojin , Huang Zhenguo
Published: November 2023

The icosahedral closo dodecaborate cluster [B12H12]2− is gaining increasing interest due to its unique properties including the ease of functionalization, 3D aromaticity, and formation of metal salts with high ion conductivity. In this work, simple and effective preparation of silver closo dodecaborte (Ag2B12H12) films is reported by an electrochemical route. The size of the Ag2B12H12 particles in the films can be tuned from nanometers to micrometers by varying the electrochemical parameters. Ag nanoclusters with controllable sizes are successfully generated via electrochemical reduction reactions or thermal anneal of the Ag2B12H12 films. When tested for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acidic solution, the as‐prepared Ag nanoparticles deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 376 mV overpotential. This research sheds light on a new synthesis of [B12H12]2− based thin films, the generation of metal nano‐powders, and their application in HER or other applications.
Dopant Engineering of Hafnia‐Based Ferroelectrics for Long Data Retention and High Thermal Stability
Authors: Kim Ik‐Jyae , Lee Jang‐Sik
Published: November 2023

Hafnia‐based ferroelectrics have gained much attention because they can be used in highly scaled, advanced complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory devices. However, thermal stability should be considered when integrating hafnia‐based ferroelectric transistors in advanced CMOS devices, as they can be exposed to high‐temperature processes. This work proposed that doping of Al in hafnia‐based ferroelectric material can lead to high thermal stability. A ferroelectric capacitor based on Al‐doped hafnia, which can be used for one‐transistor‐one‐capacitor applications, exhibits stable operation even after annealing at 900 °C. Moreover, it demonstrates that the ferroelectric transistors based on Al‐doped hafnia for one‐transistor applications, such as ferroelectric NAND, retain their memory states for 10 years at 100 °C. This study presents a practical method to achieve thermally stable ferroelectric memories capable of enduring high‐temperature processes and operation conditions.
Colorimetric Detection of HER2‐Overexpressing‐Cancer‐Derived Exosomes in Mouse Urine Using Magnetic‐Polydiacetylene Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Ryunhyung , Mun Byeonggeol , Lim Seongjae , Park Chaewon , Kim Jinyoung , Lim Jaewook , Jeong Hyein , Son Hye Young , Rho Hyun Wook , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Haam Seungjoo
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health problem, with ≈20–25% of patients overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), an aggressive marker, yet access to early detection and treatment varies across countries. A low‐cost, equipment‐free, and easy‐to‐use polydiacetylene (PDA)‐based colorimetric sensor is developed for HER2‐overexpressing cancer detection, designed for use in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). PDA nanoparticles are first prepared through thin‐film hydration. Subsequently, hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles and HER2 antibodies are sequentially conjugated to them. The synthesized HER2‐MPDA can be concentrated and separated by a magnetic field while inheriting the optical characteristics of PDA. The specific binding of HER2 antibody in HER2‐MPDA to HER2 receptor in HER2‐overexpressing exosomes causes a blue‐to‐red color change by altering the molecular structure of the PDA backbone. This colorimetric sensor can simultaneously separate and detect HER2‐overexpressing exosomes. HER2‐MPDA can detect HER2‐overexpressing exosomes in the culture medium of HER2‐overexpressing BC cells and in mouse urine samples from a HER2‐overexpressing BC mouse model. It can selectively isolate and detect only HER2‐overexpressing exosomes through magnetic separation, and its detection limit is found to be 8.5 × 108 particles mL−1. This colorimetric sensor can be used for point‐of‐care diagnosis of HER2‐overexpressing BC in LMICs.