bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distance Learning of Indonesian Early Childhood Education (PAUD) during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Solekhah Heny
Published: December 2020

The outbreaks of Covid-19 influence the Indonesian education nationally, including early childhood education (PAUD). Since the school closures in March, the teachers have attempted to implement the distance learning. This study is conducted in a school in Kendal. The teacher shared her experiences in conducting the learning based on the emergency curriculum. It is found that the government has given the support by publishing the twelve books for the learning at home policy and providing the internet data. Most of the books are about playing with children and positive communication. Parents’ roles in distance learning have greater proportion than the teachers. Parents in this situation have the duties to supervise the learning, to conduct the learning, and to assist teachers in assessment. The teachers construct the weekly lesson plan, communicate the steps of learning process, and evaluate the students’ progress. However, both teachers and parents experience barriers due to the lack of skills in using technology and inability to provide learning materials to support six aspects of child development.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Kuliah Belajar Dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Rosmalah Rosmalah
Published: December 2020

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes in Learning and Learning Subjects, the purpose of this study is to determine the application of the Cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in improving learning outcomes in Learning and Learning Subjects. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with this type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed that there was an increase in lecturer learning activities and student learning activities and learning outcomes, the increase can be seen from each cycle. The conclusion in this study is through the application of the Cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) can improve learning outcomes in Learning and Learning SubjectsMasalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar Pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bersiklus yaitu meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan aktivitas dalam pembelajaran dosen dan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa  maupun hasil belajarnya, peningkatan itu dapat dilihat dari setiap siklus. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran.
hoaks di teknologi dan informasi dalam hadits
Authors: Samudra Rof-rof Galih
Published: December 2020

hoaks menjadi merajalela dimana-mana karena dukungan dari berbagai media sosial seperti twetter, facebook dan lain sebagainya dan bagaimana cara menyikapinya dalam al-quran dan hadits
Jurnal hadis tentang korupsi
Authors: Gumelar Muhammad Nurdin
Published: December 2020

Abstrak : Jurnal ini adalah hasil dari dasar pemikiran bahwa secara normatif hadis telah memberikan kerangka nilai yang ideal dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintah yang bersih dan bebas dari korupsi (clean government). Kualitas hadis tentang korupsi termasuk kategori sahih lidzatihi, karena hadis tersebut karena hadis tersebut telah memenuhi kaedah kesahihan sanad dan matan. Tema yang lazim di gunakan dalam hadis yang biasa dihubungkan dengan tindakan korupsi ialah “ghulul” (penggelapan). Meski dalam konteks awal kemunculannya, tema ini dihubungkan dengan penggelapan harta rampasan perang, dalam pandangan peneliti maknanya bisa dikembangkan dengan menggelapkan harta kekayaan negara. Dalam perspektif hadis, ancaman bagi para pelaku korupsi (ghulul) antara lain : 1.) Allah akan membelenggu pelaku korupsi, dan sebagai bentuk pertanggung jawaban, ia akan membawa hasil korupsinya pada hari kiamat. 2.) pelaku korupsi akan mendapat kehinaan dan siksa api neraka. 3.) Nabi saw. Tidak akan menshalatkan jenazah yang terlibat korupsi. 4.) Allah tidak akan menerim sadaqah seseorang yang bersumber dari hart korupsi. Untuk konteks hukum indonesia, sanksi hukum bagi pelaku korupsi didasarkan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang pemberntasan korupsi.Kata Kunci : Hadis dan korupsi
Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that short stature homeobox 2, encoded by SHOX2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SHOX2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of short stature homeobox 2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.
Predicting synapse counts in living humans by combining computational models with auditory physiology
Authors: Buran Brad N. , McMillan Garnett , Keshishzadeh Sarineh , Verhulst Sarah , Bramhall Naomi
Published: December 2020

The following article has been submitted to the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. After it is published, it will be found at https://asa.scitation.org/journal/jas. Aging, noise exposure, and ototoxic medications lead to cochlear synapse loss in animal models. As cochlear function is highly conserved across mammalian species, synaptopathy likely occurs in humans as well. Indeed, temporal bone studies demonstrate loss of synapses with advancing age in humans. Synaptopathy is predicted to result in perceptual deficits including tinnitus, hyperacusis, and difficulty understanding speech-in-noise. However, there is currently no method for diagnosing synaptopathy in living humans. This prevents us from determining if noise-induced synaptopathy occurs in humans, identifying the perceptual consequences of synaptopathy, or testing potential drug treatments. Several physiological measures are sensitive to synaptopathy in animal models, including auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitude. However, it is unclear how to translate these measures to synaptopathy diagnosis in humans. In this study, a human computational model of the auditory periphery that can predict ABR waveforms and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) was fit using Bayesian regression analysis to predict synapse counts in individual human participants based on their measured DPOAE levels and ABR wave I amplitudes. Lower predicted synapse numbers were associated with higher noise exposure history, increased likelihood of tinnitus, and poorer speech-in-noise perception. These findings illustrate the utility of this modeling approach in predicting synapse counts from physiological data.
Hadits-hadits tentang aktifis dakwah
Authors: Samhudi Samhudi
Published: December 2020

Islam merupakan agama yang memandang setiap pemeluknya sebagai da’i bagi dirinya dan orang lain, oleh karenanya, seorang muslim yang juga sekaligus sebagai aktivis dakwah seyogyanya memahami seluk beluk dakwah Islam.
Prank dalam persefektif hadis
Authors: Hidayatullah Ahmad
Published: December 2020

In The book of Sunan Abu Dawud is one of the hadith books belonging to the Kutub al Sittah book group (the book of six Imams). The method in compiling this book is adjusted to the systematics of the book of fiqh in general, in the book it does not only include authentic hadiths but also includes several da'if hadiths. If he includes the hadith daif then he will include the reasons why the hadith is daif. This research will raise the title about: "The Prank Phenomenon in a Perspective (Study Ma'ani Kitab al-Hadith Sunan abu dawud) No. Index 5004 through the Socio-Historical Approach) ”with the formulation of the problem of how the quality of the hadith is, how the hujjahan of the hadith is, what are the implications of hadith when it is related to the current Prank Phenomenon. This study used a qualitative method using the Ma'ani Kitab al-Hadist study approach. This study resulted in several conclusions including, hadith has the quality of shaih both in terms of sanad and mind. The authenticity of the hadith is maqbul ma'mulun bihi, which is an acceptable and practiced hadith about the Prank phenomenon which is categorized as a marfu hadith
Kumpulan Hadits Dakwah
Authors: Muhyi Abdul
Published: December 2020

Hadits adalah segala sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada Nasbi SAWbaik mengenai perkataan, pebuatan, taqrir dan sebagainya. Hadits merupakan sumber tasyri’ kedua. Secara global semua ulama mengakuinya, tetapi secara terperinci mereka berpendapat tentang kedudukan hadits sebagai dalil tasyri’, sebab hadits dilihat dari jumlah perawi yang ada yang dinamakan hadits ahad dan hadits mutawatir, sedangkan dilihat dari nilainya ada yang shahih dan ada yang dla’if. Adapun sumber tasyri’ adalah dasar penetapan hukum Islam. Oleh sebab itu pembahasan ini ingin mengetahui pemikiran Ulama atau Kyai Pondok Pesantren Sabilil Muttaqien tentang hadits sebagai sumber tasyri’. Rumusan masalah dalam pembahasan ini adalah; 1). Bagaimana aliran pemikiran Ulama’/Kyai Pesantren Sabilil Muttaqien Takeran tentang hadits sebagai sumber Hukum Islam, 2). Bagaimana pandangan para Ulama’/Kyai Pesantren Sabilil Muttaqien Takeran terhadap hadits dla’if dan hadits ahad sebagai hujjah. Sebagai populasinya yakni semua pengurus pondok yang berjumlah 33 orang, 3 orang pengajar dan 145 santri. Adapun sampelnya menggunakan teknik Purposive Sample. Sumber data dari pembahasan ini adalah dari 1). Literature ( Al-Qur’an, kitab-kitab hadits diantaranya Bulughul Maram, Tanqihul Qaulil Hadits dsb). 2). Data empiris (diperoleh dari pengurus dan pimpinan pondok, pengajar dan para santri). Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisa data menggunakan metode kwalitatif, namun dalam hal-hal tertentu digunakan juga analisa kwantitatif. Pendekatan secara induktif (hasil dari observasi dan wawancara para responden). Dari pembahasan ini dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa; 1). Ulama Pesantren Sabilil Muttaqien Takeran secara prinsip mengakui bahwa hadits merupakan sumber tasyri’ yang kedua setelah Al-Qur’an tanpa membedakan hadits mutawatir dan ahad, 2). Hadits ahad yang shahih dapat dipakai sebagai sumber tasyri’, termasuk dapat mentakhsish ayat yang “ammentafshil ayat yang mujmal serta mentaqyid ayat yang mutlak, 3). Hadits dla’if (ringan) dapat dipakai sebagai dasar adla-ilul “Amal.
Ringkasan teori Drama and Psychodrama Therapy
Authors: Kadju Gaspar Mario
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan drama sebagai bagian dari proses penyembuhan sudah ada sejak lama dalam sejarah. Salah satu waktu terpentingnya adalah pada abad ke-5 SM di Athena, tempat tradisi dramatis berasal dan berkembang selama bertahun-tahun. Drama tragis, yang lebih tua dari bentuk drama Yunani, “menggambarkan tak terpikirkan dan tak terucapkan dengan cara yang memungkinkan anggota penonton untuk berpartisipasi dalam peran ganda penderita-peserta dan empati-pengamat”(Gorelick, 1987a, hal. 38).
Reducing low-value practices A functional-contextual consideration to aid in de-implementation efforts
Authors: Farmer Ryan L. , Zaheer Imad , Duhon Gary J. , Ghazal Stephanie
Published: December 2020

Through innovation in research and self-correction, it is inevitable that some practices will be replaced or be discredited for one reason or another. De-implementation of discredited and low-value practices is a necessary step for school psychologists’ maintenance of evidence-based practices and to reduce unnecessary costs and risk. However, efforts to clarify de-implementation frameworks and strategies are ongoing. The scope of this paper follows McKay et al. (2018) in considering the potential for de-implementation strategies to be informed by applied behavior analysis and operant learning theory. We conceptualize low-value practice as sets of behaviors evoked by their context and maintained by their consequences, and thus de-implementation as behavior reduction. We discuss the need for future research given this perspective.
MONOGRAF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH PADA MATA KULIAH FISIKA DASAR
Authors: RISKAWATI
Published: December 2020

Monograf ini disusun dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran secara garis besar berdasarkan hasil penelitian kepada Pendidik mengenai metode yang tepat digukanan pada mata kuliah yang terintegritasi dengan kegiatan praktikum salah satunya mata kuliah Fisika Dasar. Selain itu buku monograf ini juga diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam dunia pendidikan agar dapat meningkatkan kwalitas pendidikan khususnya kualitas proses pembelajaran.
Political conflicts in the global era (theoretical approach implementation)
Authors: Glukhova Alexandra
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the main political conflict issue in the 21 st century using the «dominant demarcation» approach of K. Marx. The author of the article applies this methodological technique to the analysis of modern European societies that are in the process of globalization and were faced with new contradictions. The basic conflict (fundamentalism / cosmopolitan tolerance) were identified by European and American intellectuals (R. Darendorf, E. Giddens, S. Huntington) at the end of the XX century. Today, European researchers (V. Merkel, M. Tsurn) found out a new cleavage, conditionally designated as a contradiction between the «cosmopolitans» and the «communitarian». This confrontation splits modern democracies along several lines: the attitude to borders, to international structures, to free trade rules, to human rights, to climate change. Relations between the population and cosmopolitan elites are also marked as a deep conflict, which is based not only on the economic dimension (losers / beneficiaries of globalization), but also on the cultural and moral dimension. The severity of the conflict is due precisely to the combination, the imposition of several lines of demarcation (economic, political, cultural and moral). The beneficiaries of this situation are predominantly populist right-wing and left-wing parties, demonstrating electoral success in a number of European countries. Tabulated parties, especially the left flank of the political spectrum (socialists, social democrats), are required to seriously rethink their strategies and tactics in order to return voters who are disappointed in their position. Overcoming the conflict without major reform of European politics at the national and subregional level seems problematic
Ethnicity in political conflicts: ethnicization of politics and politicization of ethnicit
Authors: Avksentev Viktor , Aksiumov Boris , Gritsenko Galina
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the definitions and concepts of ethnopolitical conflict and its contradictory nature is shown. Ethnopolitical conflict can function and evolve as an “ethnized” political conflict and as a politically framed ethnic conflict. Being on the thin line between rational-political and irrational-ethnic regimes of existence, ethno-political conflicts, usually arising as conflicts of interests, as a product of ethnic entrepreneurship, most often drift towards a conflict of identities. That is why ethnopolitical conflicts are among the most intractable types of conflicts, some of them turn into protracted conflicts and are destructive in their manifestations and consequences. The article studies risk-related aspects of the interaction of ethnic and political factors of social development, leading to the ethnicization of politics and politicization of ethnicity, and it is shown that the politicization of ethnicity is a prerequisite and one of the most important factors in the genesis of ethnopolitical conflicts. The process of politicization of ethnicity is caused by ethnopolitical tension objectively established in a particular society or region, but often the main factor of this process is the focused activity of ethnic entrepreneurs, who use conditions, favorable for them, or deliberately increase the level of tension. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the politicization of ethnicity and ethnicization of politics, analyzes the main scholarly approaches to studying the phenomenon of politicization of ethnicity and its impact on social processes. Most authors mainly accentuate the negative consequences of the politicization of ethnicity, although some researchers point to the functionality of ethnicity in regional political systems where there are long-standing and strong traditions of combining politics and ethnicity
Conflicts of values in law-making: the political and legal nature and effectiveness of domestic violence protective orders
Authors: Gurinskaya Anna
Published: December 2020

The paper asserts the existence of a long-term political and legal conflict over the adoption of the law on the prevention of family and domestic violence in Russia. It is argued that this conflict reflects a discrepancy in values related to the limits of state intervention in the lives of citizens in order to ensure security. The protective order is currently considered to be a key object of conflict in the field of domestic violence law-making and criminal law policy. Analysis of the attitudes of the parties of this conflict towards this measure reveals that the initiators of the law are in the position of prioritizing the right to security and state protection for victims, while their opponents give priority to the value of the right to privacy. Based on a review of the literature on the political and legal nature of protection orders, their legislative regulation, as well as their validity, it is concluded that this measure is aimed to be coercive while its application is not accompanied by due process guarantees. Protective orders belong to the category of coercive preventive measures, the widespread use of which as solutions for crime control is of concern to lawyers and criminologists. A significant number of studies on the effectiveness of protective orders do not allow us to conclude unequivocally that this tool reduces the level of recidivism and provides needed protection to the victim. A protective order has a potential to enhance conflict and, in some instances, can lead to an escalation of violence. It is suggested that one of the possible solutions for the resolution of the ongoing law-making conflict is the option of abandoning the protective orders as a staple for preventing family conflicts and domestic violence. The reported study was funded by RFBR (project № 19–111–50667 «Expansion» «Protective order as an instrument of domestic violence prevention: legal nature and effectiveness»).
Discourses of external information pressure in the Crimean and Sevastopol Runet segments: features, addressees, conflict potential
Authors: Brodovskaya Elena , Dombrovskaya Anna , Pyrma Roman
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of an applied study of discourse formations in information flows of external origin, targeted to the Crimean and Sevastopol social media audiences. The features of external information pressure on the Crimea and Sevastopol as target regions, the methods of information aggression, information domination, carried out with the aim of deconsolidating the peninsula community, undermining the trust of its representatives of the Russian government, biasing ideas and stereotyping the motives of the leaders of the Russian state, are studied. The research design is based on a comprehensive, hybrid empirical analysis strategy and includes methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Cognitive mapping of the content of messages of digital communities moderated by external leaders involves a structural analysis of contextual, thematic characteristics of information related information flows, establishing a relationship between the thematic palette of external information pressure and manipulation techniques, message tonality and user resonance on these information flows. The study of discursive practices of selected digital groups is aimed at a meaningful analysis of discourse formations of various genres, discourse techniques focused on the formation of stereotypes of target groups thinking in relation to the problems of the development of Crimea as part of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made about thematic dominants, leading methods for the formation of discourses, the relationship between the leading techniques of stereotyping consciousness of a user audience – a target of external forces and characteristics of public resonance. At the end, as one of the many perspectives of the study, the creation of a program of recommendations aimed at counteracting anti-Russian rhetoric and stopping the negative socio-political effects of external information pressure in the social media of Crimea and Sevastopol is announced
Analysis of Clinicoradiological Profile and Outcome of Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma: A Perspective from Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Dhar Sambuddha , Singh Ashvamedh , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Sahu Anurag , Singh Kulwant
Published: December 2020

Introduction: This study was conducted to analyze clinico-radiological profile of traumatic basal ganglia hematoma and identify its prognostic factors.

Methods and Materials: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of neurosurgery, Trauma center of Banaras Hindu University from September 2016 to March 2020. All patients with traumatic basal ganglia hematoma based on admission CT scan were enrolled and their demographic, clinical, radiological details were maintained till the time of discharge and subsequent follow up. Follow up period was a maximum of two years.

Results: Out of 41 patients of traumatic basal ganglia hematoma, 68% of cases were males in their third decade. Road traffic accident (76%) was the major etiology. 32% had severe head injury, 78% had hemiparesis at admission and 58% patients required ventilatory support. The mean volume of clot was 15.46 millilitres. Only 24% cases had isolated traumatic basal ganglia hematoma. Advance age, associated intraventricular hemorrhage, ventilator dependence, large hematoma (volume >20 millilitres) and poor Glasgow coma score at admission were significant prognostic factors (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Traumatic basal ganglia hematoma is a rare entity. Advance age, large volume of hematoma, associated intraventricular hemorrhage, poor Glasgow coma score at admission and ventilator dependence are poor prognostic factors.
Drepanocitosis en embarazo
Authors: Baralis Aragón Pamela , Bonilla Álvarez Gloriana , Ye Ng Lai Yi Melissa
Published: December 2020

La drepanocitosis o anemia de células falciformes, corresponde a una hemoglobinopatía estructural común en el mundo. La clínica se resume en una serie de eventos desencadenados en primera instancia por oclusión vascular e isquemia tisular. Hoy en día, con instalaciones de atención médica mejoradas, acceso a transfusiones sanguíneas, profilaxis antibiótica, vacunación y disponibilidad de medicamentos como la hidroxiurea, es que la esperanza de vida de los pacientes con drepanocitosis ha mejorado. Cada vez son más las mujeres con drepanocitosis que alcanzan la edad reproductiva y externa el deseo de concebir. La drepanocitosis afecta negativamente el embarazo, lo que lleva a una mayor incidencia de complicaciones maternas y perinatales como preeclampsia, parto prematuro, restricción de crecimiento intrauterino y abortos. La atención adecuada durante el embarazo garantiza un mejor resultado. Además, los avances recientes en los campos del diagnóstico prenatal y el diagnóstico genético previo a la implantación ayudan a las parejas que padecen de drepanocitosis a tener un bebé sano en un contexto de seguridad para el binomio madre e hijo.
Actualización sobre el trastorno depresivo mayor
Authors: Piñar Sancho Gustavo , Suárez Brenes Gabriel , De La Cruz Villalobos Natalia
Published: December 2020

El curso del trastorno depresivo mayor es una enfermedad incapacitante, que requiere de un pronto abordaje para evitar que sus síntomas empeoren. Su fisiopatología esta explicada por distintas teorías, aunque ninguna de ellas es definitiva, es importante conocerlas para entender su abordaje. El diagnostico puede presentar un reto para el tratante ya que existen comorbilidades, otras patologías e inclusive medicamentos que pueden entorpecer el correcto diagnostico. El tratamiento de trastorno depresivo mayor busca la remisión de los síntomas y estudios han demostrado que puede ser farmacológico, psicoterapéutico o bien una combinación de ambos; siempre adecuado de manera individual a las necesidades de la persona con el trastorno depresivo.
MODERN DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE FOREIGN TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF POLAND AND AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Allahmanli Toghrul
Published: December 2020

The collapse of the Soviet empire led countries to gain their independence. Azerbaijan was one of these countries in a country with a very centuries-old history. The Republic of Azerbaijan, which declared its independence in 1991, underwent reforms to restore its economy. The main goal was to change the mechanism of governing the economy left over from Communism. He first signed the Contract of the Century in 1994. At the same time, it stimulated the development of not only economic relations but also international relations. At the same time, the genocide committed by Armenians in 1989 was a great blow to the people of Azerbaijan. It has been 30 years since the occupation of up to 20% of the territory of Azerbaijan and the failure of the Armenians to return the occupied lands.At a time when capitalism is at its peak in the age of globalization, the unexpected COVID-19 virus, which has frightened the whole world, is causing unexpected damage to the world economy. One of them was Azerbaijan. At a time when capitalism is at its peak in the age of globalization, the unexpected COVID-19 virus, which has frightened the whole world, is causing unexpected damage to the world economy. One of them was Azerbaijan. The shrinking of Azerbaijan's economy to 4% will lead to the development of new reforms in one way or another.Azerbaijan's economy, based on a market economy, will be hampered by both a pandemic and the fact that the neighboring country is at war. According to forecasts, the country's economy is expected to shrink by 10%.Azerbaijan's relations with Poland, one of its main Western allies, are helping both in economic and other terms. Azerbaijan is a country with its products in the European market. Relations with Poland, a key partner, are growing stronger.
Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract - misdiagnosis and follow-up in a seven-year-old boy
Authors: Qianyi Deng , Rammal Mustapha , Huini Zhang , Hongwen He , Fang Huang
Published: December 2020

Cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin are relatively rare, but frequently misdiagnosed. In this case report, we present a seven-year-old patient with a cutaneous lesion in the left submandibular region misdiagnosed by a physician as an abscess secondary to suppurative lymphadenitis, and thus incorrectly treated with surgery and systemic antibiotics. Following a detailed dental examination, the patient was correctly diagnosed with an odontogenic sinus tract from a periapical abscess of tooth 36. Treatment of the immature tooth was initiated with apexification combined with nonsurgical endodontic treatment. The cutaneous and the periapical lesions were all resolved after the treatment and there has been no recurrence during an eight-year follow-up.
Safe dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheong Joo Ming
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused widespread public health concerns and many disruptions in our daily life. Dental professionals may encounter patients with COVID-19 infections in their practice. This technical report provides suggestions andrecommendations for implementing infection control in the dental office during COVID-19 pandemic.
ДАТИРОВКА РАЗГРОМА ЯРОСЛАВЛЯ ПО ДАННЫМ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОГО ДАТИРОВАНИЯ
Authors:   Институт археологии РАН, Москва, Россия, Engovatova A. , Zaiseva G. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Cherkinsky A. ,   Университет Джорджии, Афины, США
Published: December 2020

This paper raises methodological issues of radiocarbon dating of historical events basing on the data obtained during the excavations in of the Russian medieval city of Yaroslavl. The city is of special interest to our study because of the precise time of its destruction by troops of Batu Khan mentioned in chronicles – the winter of 1238. To date in Yaroslavl there have been discovered nine sanitary mass-burials of citizens and domestics animals buried sometime after the Mongols massacre. To date in Yaroslavl there have been discovered nine sanitary mass-burials of citizens and domestics animals buried sometime after the Mongols massacre, of which we have dated sixty-five samples. A Bayesian chronological model of the AMS dates narrowed the interval to the range of 1233–1269 cal AD. The synchrony of all burials was confirmed with probability of 95.6%.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ВОЗРАСТЕ СТОЯНОК СТРЕЛЕЦКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В КОСТЁНКАХ
Authors:   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Bessudnov A. , Dinnis R. ,   Университет Эдинбурга, Великобритания, Sinitsyn A. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Reynolds N. ,   Университет Бордо, Франция, Dudin A. ,   Музей-заповедник «Костёнки», Воронеж, Россия, Artyushenko A. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Lada A. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the report is to revise the understanding of the age, duration of existence and assemblage homogeneity of key Streletskian sites at Kostёnki based on the lithics study and new radiocarbon dates.
РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОЕ ДАТИРОВАНИЕ ОСТАТКОВ КРУПНЫХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ЮГА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors:   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия, Vasiliev S. , Parkhomchuk E. ,   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия
Published: December 2020

The most interesting results of radiocarbon dating of 159 bone remains belonging to 23 species of Pleistocene and Holocene megafauna of the south part of Western Siberia are briefly analyzed.
ХРОНОЛОГИЯ СТОЯНОК АЛГАЙ И ОРОШАЕМОЕ В НИЖНЕМ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ
Authors:   Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет, Самара, Россия, Vybornov A. , Gilyazov A. ,   Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет, Самара, Россия, Kulkova M. ,   Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Yudin A. ,   НИЦ по сохранению культурного наследия, Саратов, Россия
Published: December 2020

The radiocarbon dates from the sites of Algay and Oroshaemoe located in the steppe Povoljie region are considering. The comparison of these dates with the radiocarbon dates from the Varfolomeevka site was provided. The dates on the different types of organic materials were analyzed. On this basis the chronological frameworks of the Orlovskaya Neolithic culture were corrected.
ЗАЯЦ И ЧЕЛОВЕК НА ГЕОХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ШКАЛЕ ПАЛЕОЛИТА РУССКОЙ РАВНИНЫ
Authors:   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Zheltova M. , Zaretskaya N. ,   Институт географии РАН, Москва, Россия, Burova N. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2020

We have analyzed the bone remains of hare at the Palaeolithic sites confined to the basins of the main rivers of the Russian Plain (Dnieper, Desna, Seym, Oka, Don), the chronostratigraphic position of which is justified by radiocarbon dates. Correlation of the data with the Late Pleistocene event scale showed the absence of a direct relationship be- tween the number of hare bones in sites with climate changes.
РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЕ ДАТИРОВКИ ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ВЕРХНЕГО ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНА НИЖНЕЙ ОБИ
Authors:   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия, Zolnikov I. ,   Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия, Vybornov A. ,   нститут археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия, Anoikin A. ,   нститут археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия, Postnov A. ,   нститут археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия
Published: December 2020

In the course of studies conducted by IAET SB RAS in the Lower Ob in 2016–2019, the understanding of the conditions for settlement of the Paleolithic population in the north of Western Siberia was significantly supplemented. Dating of a series of paleontological finds was carried out at the "Accelerated mass spectrometer of the Budker Institute of Nucle- ar Physics of SB RAS". The dates obtained show the distribution of the main representatives of the Upper Pleistocene fauna of Subarctica: Mammuthus primigenius – 50,000–15,000 BP, Coelodonta antiquitatis – 43,000–38,000 BP and 27,000–25,000 BP, Rangifer tarandus, Equus ferus – 40,000–10,000 BP, Bison sp. – 50,000–40,000 BP, Ovibos moschatus – 41,000–32,000 BP.
ХРОНОЛОГИЯ МЕЗОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ПАМЯТНИКА ПОГОСТИЩЕ 15 (БАССЕЙН ОЗЕРА ВОЖЕ, ВОЛОГОДСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ) ПО ДАННЫМ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОГО АНАЛИЗА
Authors:   Череповецкий государственный университет, Череповец, Россия, Kosorukova N. , Kulkova M. ,   Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Tihonenko A. ,   Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2020

The 14C dates of the Mesolithic peatbog site of Pogostische 15, which were obtained from wood artifacts and soils are considered in the article.
INTERPRETING 14C AGES OF THE TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT OF PREHISTORIC POTTERY
Authors:   Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA), Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany Christian Albrechts University Leibniz-Laboratory for AMS Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Kiel, Germany, Meadows J.
Published: December 2020

Археологическая хронология для некоторых археологических памятников Восточной Европы основана в основ- ном на прямом керамики. Даты по пищевому нагару на сосудах также были получены, если это было возможно, но гораздо больше 14C датировок было получено по общего содержания органического углерода (TOCC) в че- репках. В статье обсуждается, как интерпретировать возраст 14C TOCC, основываясь на том, как методы про- боподготовки, экстракции концентрируют или удаляют компоненты, которые смещают значения 14C возраста, а также проводится сравнение возраста 14C (TOCC) и дат, полученных по костной ткани.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF ANDRONOVO COMPLEXES IN THE BARABA FOREST STEPPE: DIET, FRESHWATER RESERVOIR EFFECTS AND CHRONOLOGY
Authors:   Eurasia-Department German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany, Reinhold S. , Marchenko Zh. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Molodin V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
Published: December 2020

Радиоуглеродные хронологии археологических памятников и культур часто основаны на датировании антро- пологического материала, который может быть подвержен ПРЭ, вследствие потребления человеком продуктов водного происхождения (рыбы, моллюсков). В разных регионах Евразии ПРЭ имеет значительные вариации (бо- лее 1000 лет), что может существенно удревнить возраст образца и соответственно – исказить хронологию. В ряде исследований была предложена тесная взаимосвязь между пропорцией в диете человека водных ресурсов и величиной ПРЭ. Поэтому изучение структуры питания человека и определение основных ее белковых компо- нентов может помочь скорректировать уже существующие хронологические разработки. Особенно это важно в тех случаях, когда единственным пригодным углеродосодержащим материалом для 14С датирования является кость человека. Одними из основных задач совместного Российско-Германского проекта «ISOSIBERIA» (2018–2021 гг.) является как изучение диеты носителей андроновской (федоровской) культуры из районов лесостепного Обь-Иртышья, так и уточнение хронологии культуры, и выявление величины ПРЭ в регионе по археологическим материалам. В предшествующих работах по археологическим материалам была отмечен низкий уровень ПРЭ для террито- рии Барабинской лесостепи (Marchenko et al., 2015), что подтверждают и новые 14С данные по современным образцам рыб из района. Первые результаты датирования трех парных образцов из погребений на Тартасе по- казали расхождение в возрасте между человеком и травоядным животным (около 200 лет). Для понимания ис- точников происхождения и причин проявления на антропологическом материале ПРЭ и в целях разработки вну- тренней хронологии могильника Тартас мы предложили новую программу по датированию захоронений только по костным образцам травоядных животных. Новые данные в перспективе позволят нам сравнить результаты изотопного и радиоуглеродного анализа и высказать позицию об источниках ПРЭ, повлиявших на андроновские (фёдоровские) антропологические материалы на могильнике Тартас.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ К ХРОНОЛОГИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ АЛТАЯ СКИФО-САКСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ НОВОТРОИЦКОГО МОГИЛЬНИКА)
Authors:   Королевский Университет Белфаста, Белфаст, Великобритания, Svyatko S. , Papin D. ,   Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН, Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия, Seregin N. ,   Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия, Reimer R. ,   Королевский Университет Белфаста, Белфаст, Великобритания
Published: December 2020

This article presents the first results from a multi-scale project aimed to explore the origins and development of nomadism in Altai. We have received the series of 14C dates from the Scythian-Sake burial complex of Novotroitskoye- II, attributed to the Kamen Culture. The cemetery appears one of the major sites of this period in Northern Asia. In general, the obtained 14C results correlate well with the archaeological data for this site and date it to the end of the 5th – beginning of the 4th c. BC.
ВРЕМЯ «ПЕРЕЛОМНЫХ» ЭТАПОВ ВЕРХНЕГО ПАЛЕОЛИТА В СВЕТЕ НОВОЙ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОЙ ХРОНОЛОГИИ
Authors:   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Sinitsyn A. , Bessudnov A. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Sinitsyna G. ,   Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: December 2020

The aim of the paper is the discussion of the time, climatic and demographic context at the «critical» phases of the European Upper Palaeolithic evolution
HISTORY OF LAKE ONEGA AND ITS BOTTOM SEDIMENTS (NW RUSSIA)
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Subetto D. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia, Belkina N. ,   Belkina, Rybalko A. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia,   3 Institute of Earth Sciences of St. Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia,   Seismic Data Analysis Centre (SDAC) at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Strakhovenko V. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia,   V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Potakhin M. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia, Zobkov M. ,   Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
Published: December 2020

Онежское озеро – второе крупнейшее пресноводное озеро в Европе, расположено на периферии Балтийского кристаллического щита, донные отложения которого формируются на протяжении 14000–15000 лет. В рамках проекта РНФ проводятся комплексные палеолимнологические и геологические исследования, затрагивающие вопросы эволюции Онежского озера и особенности формирования донных отложений во времени и простран- стве. В докладе будут представлены реконструкции развития Онежского озера и этапы эволюции озерного осадконакопления.
“Deception begins with trade . . .”
Authors: Turbin Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

The article explores Vladimir Arsen’ev’s rationalization of the economic activities that he observed during expeditions in the Russian Far East, predominantly in the Ussuri region. It analyzes his categorization of the local population, which was derived from nonmatching taxonomies and included concepts such as nationality, religion, race, and subjecthood. Disentangling this categorization helps to outline the main contexts that influenced Arsen’ev, such as postwar political and military concerns, challenges of settler colonialism, and nationalizing empire. The article shows how Arsen’ev’s intertwined life experiences as a military officer and geographer, colonization official, ethnographer, and resource-conscious naturalist outlined the limits of his imagination and provided the ground for his intellectual innovations.
The Proceedings of the Third International and Interdisciplinary Conference about the Tungus
Authors: Goncharov Nikolai S.
Published: December 2020

The Third International and Interdisciplinary Conference about the Tungus “Social Interactions, Languages, Landscapes in Siberia and China (Evenki, Evens, Orochons and Other Groups)” was organized by the Amur Region State University (Blagoveshchensk, Russia) and other coorganizers on June 14–16, 2019. The conference was devoted to the study of Tungus peoples from different standpoints and scientific/theoretical approaches. It demonstrated the vivid interest of researchers from many countries all over the world to the discussed topics. One of the main distinctions of this particular event was the resourceful and multifaceted intercommunication between scholars, indigenous people, and local authorities.
Reduced field of view under the surgical microscope due to personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Celtikci Emrah , Karaaslan Burak , Börcek Alp Özgün , Emmez Omer Hakan
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, neurosurgeons all around the globe continue to operate in emergency cases using new self-protective measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE) use is recommended in all surgeries. The authors have experienced varying degrees of field of view (FOV) loss under the surgical microscope with different PPE. Herein, they aimed to investigate the effects of different PPE on FOV while using the surgical microscope.

METHODS

Fifteen neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents participated in this study. Three kinds of PPE (safety spectacles, blast goggles, and face shields) were tested while using a surgical microscope. FOV was measured using a 12 × 12–cm checkered sheet of paper on which every square had an area of 25 mm2 under the microscope. The surgical microscope was positioned perpendicular to the test paper, and the zoom was fixed. Each participant marked on the test sheet the peripheral borders of their FOV while using different PPE and without wearing any PPE. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in FOV values with the different PPE.

RESULTS

FOV was significantly different between each PPE (F[3, 42] = 6339.845, p < 0.0005). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in the FOV from the naked eye (9305.33 ± 406.1 mm2) to blast goggles (2501.91 ± 176.5 mm2) and face shields (92.33 ± 6.4 mm2). There were no significant FOV changes with the safety spectacles (9267.45 ± 410.5 mm2).

CONCLUSIONS

While operating under a surgical microscope safety spectacles provide favorable FOVs. Face shields increase the eye piece–pupil distance, which causes a severe reduction in FOV.
Preparedness and guidelines for neurosurgery in the COVID-19 era: Indian perspective from a tertiary care referral hospital
Authors: Raheja Amol , Agarwal Nitish , Mohapatra Sarita , Tandon Vivek , Borkar Sachin Anil , Chandra P. Sarat , Kale Shashank S. , Suri Ashish
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted healthcare systems globally. The need of the hour is the development of effective strategies for protecting the lives of healthcare providers (HCPs) and judicious triage for optimal utilization of human and hospital resources. During this pandemic, neurosurgery, like other specialties, must transform, innovate, and adopt new guidelines and safety protocols for reducing the risk of cross-infection of HCPs without compromising patient care. In this article, the authors discuss the current neurosurgical practice guidelines at a high-volume tertiary care referral hospital in India and compare them with international guidelines and global consensus for neurosurgery practice in the COVID-19 era. Additionally, the authors highlight some of the modifications incorporated into their clinical practice, including those for stratification of neurosurgical cases, patient triaging based on COVID-19 testing, optimal manpower management, infrastructure reorganization, evolving modules for resident training, and innovations in operating guidelines. The authors recommend the use of their blueprint for stratification of neurosurgical cases, including their protocol for algorithmic patient triage and management and their template for manpower allocation to COVID-19 duty, as a replicable model for efficient healthcare delivery.