bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of the electrochemical properties of zinc-rich coating on the base of water sodium silicate
Authors: Quan Le Hong , Chi Nguyen Van , Minh Mai Van , Quang Nong Quoc , Kien Dong Van
Published: November 2020

The study examines the electrochemical properties of a coating based on water sodium silicate and pure zinc dust (ZSC, working title - TTL-VN) using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) with AutoLAB PGSTAT204N. The system consists of three electrodes: Ag/AgCl (SCE) reference electrode in 3 M solution of KCl, auxiliary electrode Pt (8x8 mm) and working electrodes (carbon steel with surface treatment up to Sa 2.5) for determination of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and calculation of equivalent electric circuits used for explanation of impedance measurement results. It was shown that electrochemical method is effective for study of corrosion characteristics of ZSC on steel. We proposed an interpretation of the deterioration over time of the ability of zinc particles in paint to provide cathodic protection for carbon steel. The results show that the value of Ecorr is between -0,9 and -1,1 V / SCE for ten days of diving. This means that there is an electrical contact between the zinc particles, which provides good cathodic protection for the steel substrate and most of the zinc particles were involved in the osmosis process. The good characteristics of the TTL-VN coating during immersion in a 3,5% NaCl solution can also be explained by the preservation of corrosive zinc products in the coating, which allows the creation of random barrier properties.
Research of efficiency of security of cathodic protection from corrosion for pipelines prepared for reconstruction with method «pipe in pipe»
Authors: Nikulin Sergey A. , Aginey Ruslan V. , Seredenok Viktor A.
Published: November 2020

The questions of organization of cathodic protection against corrosion of pipelines laid by the «pipe in pipe» method are considered. The variants of the organization of the cathodic corrosion system for pipelines laid by this method are determined. A laboratory stand simulating a pipe-in-pipe gasket with the installation of coppersulphate electrodes of comparison of small size between the pipes has been prepared. Laboratory studies to verify the protection of the main pipeline under various schemes of organization of cathodic corrosion protection were carried out. The conditions that must be observed when laying the pipeline to ensure the operation of the cathodic protection system, the main ones are the presence of electrolyte in the medium between the pipelines, as well as the absence of direct electrical contact between the pipelines. Negative features of joint protection of both pipelines are revealed. The optimal schemes of organization of cathodic corrosion protection during pipeline laying by this method, which are schemes with the use of extended anode grounding between pipelines or schemes without cathodic protection of external pipe, are determined. Solutions are proposed to eliminate the «failure» of the protective potential in contact with the metal between the pipelines, which consists in laying an extended anode grounding and local displacement of the potential of the internal pipeline relative to the external one.
Comparative analysis and application area of the main materials of anode groundbeds
Authors: Pershukov Vyacheslav V.
Published: November 2020

Anode groundbeds are intended for use as low-soluble elements of cathodic protection systems against corrosion of main pipelines and other underground metal structures. The classification of Anode groundbeds into deep, subsurface and extended ones indicates the features of their construction and the method of installation. At the time their application area is determined primarily by the material of the working electrode of the Anode groundbed. With the development of modern technologies, as well as the ability to purchase working elements for anodes on the world market, a large number of new Anode groundbeds from different materials have appeared. In this case, the declared technical characteristics of even the same type of materials from different manufacturers may vary greatly. This situation makes it difficult for design organizations and anti-corrosion protection specialists to select the most suitable Anode groundbeds for specific operating conditions. This article provides an analysis of the performance properties of the main materials of Anode groundbeds and, based on the limitations inherent in each material, provides the recommended area of their application. The materials such as mixed metal oxide (MMO), manganese dioxide, graphite, silicon iron alloy and magnetite are reviewed.
Aminomethoxy derivatives of norbornenylmethanol as biocorrosion inhibitors
Authors: Hajiyeva Gulsum E.
Published: November 2020

Norbornenylmethanol was synthesized by the reaction of cyclopentadiene and allyl alcohol, on the basis of which aminomethoxy derivatives of norbornenylmethanol were synthesized in the presence of formaldehyde and secondary amines by Mannich condensation. The yield of the target products was 43-71%. On the basis of 5-morpholinomethoxymethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-2-ene and hexylbromide (1:1) in the presence of isopropyl alcohol, its complex was obtained. The physic-chemical properties of the synthesized compounds and the resulting complex were determined, their 1% solutions in isopropyl alcohol and 5% solution of 5-morpholinomethoxymethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-2-ene were prepared. Their influence on the vital activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria of the type «Desulfovibrio desulfuricans» in three concentrations (5; 50; 100 mg/L) was studied. Bactericide inhibitors used in industry – AMDOR IK-7 and AMDOR IК-10 were taken as standards. It was determined that all the synthesized compounds and the resulting complex showed high bactericidal properties, moreover, compounds obtained on the basis of cyclic secondary amines showed a higher bactericidal effect against sulfate-reducing bacteria, unlike compounds obtained on the basis of aliphatic secondary amines. Considering that these aminomethoxy derivatives of norbornenylmethanol affect bacteria at very low concentrations, they can be proposed as effective inhibitors against sulfate-reducing bacteria.
The technology of modeling thermal zones and corridors of the city breeze in a megacity (using the geoecological framework of Moscow as an example)
Authors: Markelov Danila A. , Mineeva Nadezhda Ya. , Akolzin Andrey P. , Kochurov Boris I. , Grigorieva Marina A. , Chukmasova Ekaterina A.
Published: November 2020

The cartographic image of space is represented by a mosaic of halos of the characteristics of the natural framework. The recognition of the characteristics is become an urgent task of any environmental management, both for the purpose of protecting objects and preventing damage from damaging factors such as corrosion. Any natural-technogenic complex is an interconnected functioning paragenetic geosystem, namely, “natural framework – technogenic constructions – heat capacity – wind flow – humidity-biological effect – chemical reactions (corrosion) – cartographic image”. A city is a functioning anthropogenically transformed geosystem in which flows or corridors are involved, barriers are formed that repel and attract flows, and a thermal cushion is formed at different heights. The dynamics, mechanism, factors and patterns of development of dangerous natural and technologically natural processes, the forecast of their development to ensure environmental safety is carried out by “technologies at a glance” or technologies of the geographical industry, built on the principle of recognition or indication. The basis of the methodology is the provision on the city breeze, a phenomenon that causes the compensating movement of air flows in the surface layers of the atmosphere from the outskirts of the city to the center along the corridors for air movement, such as, river valleys, ravine-beam network, radial transport and engineering communications (railway, highways, power lines). The principle of thermogradient, as the driving force of air exchange in a metropolis, becomes the main indicator of determining the paths in the geo-ecological framework on the territory’s photo portrait: an aerial photograph, map, photograph, which forms the basis of “technologies at a glance”.
Electrodeposition of Ni-W-P alloy
Authors: Adilova Sabina S. , Drovosekov Andrey B. , Aliev Ali D. , Shiryaev Andrey A.
Published: November 2020

Influence of sodium hypophosphite admixture to electrolyte for deposition of Ni-W alloy on the coating composition, morphology, structure and microhardness is investigated. Antisymbatic dependence of tungsten and phosphorus content in Ni-W and Ni-W-P alloys on the sodium hypophosphite concentration in the electrolyte is observed, namely, at higher sodium hypophosphite concentration in the electrolyte solution the coatings are become poorer in tungsten whereas phosphorus content is increased. Phosphorus incorporation into the alloy leads to globular morphology of the surface of coatings. The minimal roughness was obtained at high hypophosphite concentrations in the electrolyte (7.5 and 10 g/L). As-deposited Ni-W and Ni-W-P alloys possess nanocrystalline structure manifested in broad X-ray diffraction peaks. Addition of 2.5…5 g/L of hypophosphite markedly weakens Ni reflections (200) and (220), the (111) peaks becomes broader. In addition, a Ni3P phase is appeared in the coatings. Thermal treatment in vacuum at 400 °С induces growth of nickel crystallites. Microhardness of as-deposited coatings is weakly dependent on sodium hypophosphite concentration in the electrolyte and is in the range 3.8…4.2 GPa. Thermal treatment of Ni-W-P alloys at 400 °С during 1 h increases microhardness up to 5.9…8.8 GPa.
Morphology and chemical composition of composite electrochemical coatings Zn-Al2O3 and Zn-PTFE
Authors: Botryakova Inna G. , Aliev Ali D. , Polyakov Nikolay A.
Published: November 2020

The effect is studied of addition of hydrophilic aluminum oxide and hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene on the morphology and chemical composition of zinc coatings from acidic electrolytes. Inclusion of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene particles into zinc coatings from acidic zinc electrolytes in the absence of any surfactants is more facilitated than that of hydrophilic aluminum oxide particles of various dispersion and phase composition. The formation of composite electrochemical Zn-Al2O3 and Zn-polytetrafluoroethylene coatings is determined by the state of the surface of the growing zinc deposit (its comparative hydrophobicity) that facilitates the adhesion of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene particles. Addition of aluminum oxide particles into the electrolyte causes no fundamental changes in the overall surface morphology of the zinc deposits. However, a relatively large number of inclusions of aggregates of nanosized aluminum oxide particles are observed over the entire coating surface. The concentration of aluminum oxide inclusions in Zn-Al2O3 composite coatings reaches 5...7 wt.%. The surface of Zn-polytetrafluoroethylene deposit is represented by globules. The total polytetrafluoroethylene content in the obtained composite coatings reaches 30 wt.%. An increased oxygen content is found in such coatings. It is probably explained by formation of a relatively larger amount of surface zinc oxide due to the significant development of the surface morphology of the deposits.
Determination of the priority of withdrawal to repair of equipment of anti-corrosive protection on the section of the gas pipeline in the conditions of restriction of financing
Authors: Sabanov S.V. , Nikulin S.A. , Karnavskiy E.L.
Published: November 2020

Based on the experience of the operating organizations and results of previous studies, it is determined, that the more rational criterion for the withdrawal in the repair of insulation coating on the section of the pipeline is the reserve of the current from the nominal value, and the criterion of withdrawal in the repair of anode grounding is a reserve of voltage from the nominal value. It has been revealed that with data on changes in the output parameters of the cathode protection station and protection potential at the control point for a certain period, it is possible to predict the change in the factor of influence of the station at this point for a certain period and, therefore, to predict changes in the modes of operation of this station and the technical condition of the anti-corrosion protection system at the specified required range of maintenance level of protective potential. Based on the above conclusions, algorithms have been developed to assess the residual resource of the anti-corrosion protection system on the gas pipeline site and make management decisions on its extension based on the received values in the conditions funding restrictions. Also, an algorithm has been developed to determine the residual resource of the anti-corrosion protection system with the most effective redistribution of parameters between the cathode protection stations and an algorithm that allows to determine the priority of output in the repair of the system elements.
The complexes of synthetic and petroleum acids N-derivatives as steel acidic corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Aliyeva L.I. , Efendiyeva L.M. , Abbasov V.M. , Rustamli G.Y. , Akhmedbekova S.F.
Published: November 2020

Oxy- and petroleum acids were synthesized by liquid-phase oxidation of naphthen-paraffin concentrate, separated from diesel fraction of Azerbaijani oils mixture with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of heterogeneous catalytic systems. As the catalyst aluminum nano-oxide modified by Cr ,Co, Mn transition metals was used. The oxidation was carried out in reactor of bubble type in the interval of temperature 135…140 ºС during 5 h. Their imidazoline derivatives were obtained by the use of the synthesized acids and polyamines, and the complexes were prepared on the basis of them and aliphatic monobasic acids (formic and acetic) at equal molar ratio. Their influence was studied on the kinetics of the corrosion process of C1018 steel samples in 1% solution of NaCl, saturated by CO2 at 50 °С. The complexes were tested as inhibitors of carbon dioxide corrosion at concentration of 25 and 50 ppm in 20 h. According to obtained data, the usage of different concentrations of complexes decreases corrosion rate and metal loss (up to 9…10 times). The values of surface coverage (θ) and the extent of inhibition efficiency (IE, %) of corrosion process of steel example in CO2-medium in presence of prepared complexes were calculated. IR spectra of surface layer of used electrodes were recorded before and after adding prepared complexes into corrosion medium. As a result of the studies it was determined, that the obtained complexes had high prospects for use (protection degree 97…98%) as CO2-corrosion inhibitors in suppressing of carbon dioxide corrosion of steel equipment.
Models and functioning «alive geofilters» based on the geoecological framework
Authors: Markelov D.A. , Mineeva N.Ya. , Akol´zin A.P. , Kochurov B.I. , Grigorieva M.A. , Chukmasova E.A.
Published: November 2020

The territory and its natural frame are the arena of all chemical, biological, technical interactions and processes, and the wind and rain are their natural propellers. The cartographic image of space, as an integral indicator of processes, phenomena, carries the function of a guide mark in the basis of control and regulation of durability and protection of structures in the natural frame. This article presents the results of a city life support system simulation in the light of the concept of forecasting and managing the risk of the danger of air pollution, including in the practice of anti-corrosion protection. Monitoring of the surveillance and control system grows into the life support system of the territory. “Technologies at a glance” provide: an assessment of the fields and halos of danger from air pollution (real and predicted state maps), modeling “alive geofilters”, namely, purification methods, preventive protection measures, formation of city breeze corridors or wind tunnels.
Corrosion state of oil cracking reactors as the main factor of fire and explosion safety during their operation
Authors: Konstantinov A.G. , Lukyanenko N.A. , Reformatskaya I.I.
Published: November 2020

The corrosion and mechanical properties of the oil catalytic cracking reactor vessel made of stainless steel Y1-T (1X18N9T) after its operation for more than 60 years have been determined. The chemical composition of the reactor metal meets the requirements of GOST and involves the isolation of non-metallic inclusions of manganese sulfide in its structure, which cause the development of pitting, and chromium carbides, which are responsible for the propensity to intergranular corrosion. After long-term operation, the mechanical characteristics of the metal (tensile strength σb, yield strength σt, elongation δ, relative contraction Ψ), determined using cylindrical samples at a temperature of 20 °C (GOST 1497-84) and at an operating temperature of 465 °C (GOST 9651), on the breaking machine TC 110M-50, correspond to the standard values. Metallographic studies carried out using an optical microscope “Axio Observer Z1m « at magnifications of X25, X75, x125, X200, X250, X400, X500, x1000, X2000 showed that long – term operation of the metal at a temperature of 375…425 °C with periodic overheating up to 550…650 °C leads to the release of excess phases, namely, chromium carbides and titanium carbonitrides. The metal grain boundaries are enriched with Cr23C6 carbides, which cause a loss of resistance against intergranular corrosion. Corrosion pitting and weakened metal grain boundaries are promoters of the occurrence of corrosion cracks. The most dangerous areas of large-size equipment are welded joints and zones of thermal influence. A mandatory condition for fire and explosionproof operation of the refinery is periodic diagnostics of the corrosion state of the equipment in order to identify and timely eliminate potentially dangerous areas, the probability of which breaching with subsequent spillage and fire of oil and petroleum products is the highest.
Organic inhibitors of steel corrosion (analytical review of publications)
Authors: Teryusheva S.A.
Published: November 2020

Analysis of publications is presented on studies of organic steel corrosion inhibitors in environments with hydrogen sulfide with the participation of microorganisms. A relationship is identified between the structure of organic compounds and the composition of their molecules and their efficiency in inhibition of steel corrosion. The effect of organic compounds (phenols, ketones, and quinones) on the metal corrosion process is discussed. A decrease in the rate of cathodic or anodic processes is studied, as dependent on the structure of molecules of organic compounds and pH of the medium. The choice of inhibitors for suppression of corrosion with participation of microorganisms is considered with account for the specificity of their action on a given microorganism and duration of their inhibiting properties: they must not be activated by other substances in the medium, the microorganism must not develop resistance. The mechanism of action of the inhibitor depends on the composition of its molecules, the nature of the corrosive medium and metal. The general stage is the adsorption of its molecules on the metal, depending, in the first instance, on its electronic structure that determines the possibility of chemisorption on the metal surface, as well as on the charge of the metal surface and particles of organic compounds acting as corrosion inhibitors.
Comparison of corrosion resistance properties of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition
Authors: Drovosekov A.B.
Published: November 2020

Corrosion resistance properties, such as porosity, stability in the atmosphere of NaCl mist, and anodic electrochemical activity in a sulfuric acid solution are studied and compared for Ni-W-P and Ni-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition. The studied coatings were obtained from solutions with glycine as the main ligand and contained 10.2 to 15.6 at.% of phosphorus and up to 3.3 at.% of tungsten. It is shown that Ni-W-P coatings with a tungsten content of 2.3 to 3.3 at.% and a thickness of 15 μm have a significantly lower porosity as compared with nickel-phosphorus coatings of the same thickness. Also, significantly better stability of Ni-W-P coatings in a NaCl mist atmosphere was observed, their corrosion damage degree is less than that of Ni-P coatings, and relatively little depends on the duration of exposure in a corrosive environment. Analysis of anodic polarization curves showed an almost similar electrochemical activity upon dissolution of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings in sulfuric acid. Both these types of electroless coatings showed a markedly better tendency to anodic dissolution than pure nickel. Taking into account the obtained experimental data, a conclusion is made as to the better protective characteristics of Ni-W-P coatings in comparison with nickel-phosphorus coatings. The main reason of the inferior protective properties of Ni-P coatings is their relatively high porosity.
Unilateral Bi-portal Endoscopic Decompression via the Contralateral Approach in Asymmetric Spinal Stenosis: A Technical Note
Authors: Kim Jin-Sung , Park Cheol-Woong , Yeung Yip-Kan , Suen Tsz-King , Jun Su Gi , Park Jung-Hoon
Published: November 2020

We discuss the technical details and operative advantages of approaching pathologies from the contralateral side in cases of asymmetric spinal stenosis. The contralateral approach offers better manipulative freedom and a more accessible target approach along the plane of the pathology, allowing safer decompression and facet preservation; further, this approach is ergonomic for surgeons. We recommend the adoption of this approach in decompressing asymmetric spinal stenosis.
Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Endoscopic Decompression with Destandau Technique for Lumbar Canal Stenosis
Authors: Gupta Saransh , Marathe Nandan , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Destandau Jean
Published: November 2020

Study Design: Retrospective study of patients with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) operated using endoscopic unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression (ULBD).Purpose: This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the technique of endoscopic decompression in LCS along with a description of the surgical anatomy and its advantages. We also discuss the clinical outcomes in patients operated using this technique.Overview of Literature: In 1999, the results with the use of microscopic ULBD were published. Microscopic/microendoscopic decompression using tubular retractor system showed good to excellent results in studies that compared such techniques with midline decompression. The first description of the use of endoscope in spine surgery was in 1988 when it was used for discectomy. With advancements and familiarity with the techniques, full endoscopic surgery has found application in LCS treatment.Methods: The clinical records of 953 patients who were operated between 1998 and 2008 were analyzed in 2018. Along with patient characteristics, information about return to daily activities, complication rates, and functional outcomes using Prolo score was assessed.Results: L4–L5 was the most common level for which surgery was performed. Two-level decompression was performed in 116 patients; 89.5% patients were able to return to their daily activities after 2 weeks. Functional outcomes as per the Prolo score were reported by patients as excellent, good, and poor in 89.85%, 1.59%, and 8.55%, respectively. Repeat surgery was required at same level in 16 patients and at a different level in 21 patients. Total 605 patients (63.49%) were symptom-free during the 70-month followup, while 344 complained of residual back pain, and four complained of persistent leg pain.Conclusions: ULBD using the Endospine system achieves adequate decompression in most cases and is a good alternative to open laminectomy, with the advantage of avoiding damage to the structural integrity of the spine and preserving soft tissue attachments.
Lateral Mass Screw Fixation in the Cervical Spine: Introducing a New Technique
Authors: Rathinavelu Sreeramalingam , Islam Ariful , Shivhare Pankaj , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: November 2020

Study Design: This was designed as a randomized double blind study to compare the classical Magerl technique of insertion of lateral mass screws with the authors’ technique. The observations regarding length, outcome, and radiology was done by a group blinded to the technique used.Purpose: The present study was designed with the objective of identifying the optimal technique for introducing the lateral mass screws that uses the maximum possible dimension of the lateral mass.Overview of Literature: Lateral mass screw fixation is a common surgery that is performed in the cervical spine. Various modifications for the procedure have been described, such as changes in the entry point, angulation of the screws, and modifications in the exit point. These do not allow the insertion of longer screws that can give more purchase on the bone.Methods: From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018, 176 patients who were scheduled to undergo lateral mass screw fixation were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups; we inserted lateral mass screws using our new technique for one group and by using the classical Magerl technique for the other group. Intraoperative measurements were used to assess the bone-screw interface length. Postoperative radiography and postoperative computed tomography were performed to assess the trajectory of the screws.Results: Total 88 patients were included in the study group, including 68 men. The control group included 65 men. The most common indication for surgery was cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The average bi-cortical length that was measured intraoperatively was 19.9 mm in the study group and 16.3 mm in the control group. This was significantly different from the average lengths of screws in the control group.Conclusions: The trajectory that involves an entry point as close as possible to the posterior inferior medial angle of the lateral mass cuboid and traverses a distance of about 20 mm to obtain a bi-cortical purchase in the diagonally opposite angle may provide a much better and firmer bony purchase in the lateral mass than conventional points of entry and trajectories.
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Local Autografts and Allografts in Single Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using a StandAlone Cage
Authors: Kanna Rishi Mugesh , Perambuduri Ashok Sri , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan
Published: November 2020

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.Purpose: To compare the functional and radiological outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using local graft and allograftOverview of Literature: The choice of bone grafts for ACDF varies among different types: iliac crest, allograft, and substitutes. Availability, cost, and donor site morbidity are potential disadvantages. Local osteophyte grafts are then advantageous and shows to have good fusion.Methods: We randomly sampled participants requiring a single level ACDF for degenerative conditions (n=27) between allograft (n=13) and local graft (n=14) groups. Follow-up of patients occurred at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year using Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores for arm and neck pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), 2-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and lateral disk height. We then assessed radiological fusion using computed tomography (CT) scan at 12 months, and graded as F- (no fusion), F (fusion seen through the cage), F+ (fusion seen through the cage, with bridging bone at one lateral edge), and F++ (fusion seen through cage with bridging bone bilaterally).Results: There were no significant differences in the age, sex, duration of intervention, blood loss, and hospital stay between the two groups (p>0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in all functional outcome scores including NPRS for arm and neck pain, NDI, and SF-12 at each visit (p<0.01). We observed a marked improvement in disk height in both groups (p<0.05), but at 1 year of follow-up, there was a significant though slight subsidence (p=0.47). CT at 1 year showed no non-unions. We recorded F, F+, and F++ grades of fusion in 23.2%, 38.4%, and 38.4% in allograft group and 28.6%, 42.8%, and 28.6% in local graft group, respectively, though no significant differences observed (p=0.73).Conclusions: Marginal osteophytes are effective as graft inside cages for ACDF, since they provide similar radiological outcomes, and equivalent improvements in functional outcomes, as compared to allografts.
Pattern of Syringomyelia in Presumed Idiopathic and Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Mohanty Simanchal Prosad , Kanhangad Madhava Pai , Saifuddin Sibin , Narayana Kurup Jayakrishnan K.
Published: November 2020

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the patterns of syringomyelia in patients with presumed idiopathic and congenital scoliosis.Overview of Literature: The incidence of neuraxial anomalies presenting as idiopathic scoliosis ranges from 2% to 14%; the common ones are idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) and Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) with syringomyelia. Some authors have speculated that scoliosis is caused by the asymmetrical compression of anterior horn cells by a syrinx, which causes an imbalance of the trunk musculature. In congenital scoliosis, syringomyelia is the second commonest cord anomaly, and the deformity progression depends upon the underlying vertebral abnormality, the location of the abnormality, and the age of patient, and is independent of the intraspinal anomaly.Methods: We analyzed the radiological records of 44 consecutive patients with scoliosis and syringomyelia. Of these 44 patients, 13 had IS, 12 had CM1, and 19 had congenital scoliosis. The radiographs were evaluated to determine the curve magnitude, sagittal alignment, side of convexity, and type of vertebral anomaly, if any. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine was analyzed to determine the presence of craniovertebral anomalies, syrinx length, syrinx diameter, and syrinx-cord ratio (SCR).Results: The frequency of left convex curves was 26.1%, with no significant differences across the three groups. The mean length of the syrinx was 7.2±4.9 vertebral levels, and the mean SCR was 0.39±0.2. The mean syrinx length was significantly higher in patients with CM1 and IS, compared to patients with congenital scoliosis. The mean SCR was highest in patients with CM1. In congenital scoliosis, syringomyelia was seen most frequently in patients with a failure of formation, and 63.2% had concomitant cord anomalies.Conclusions: Syrinxes were smaller in size and length in patients with congenital scoliosis, and are distinct from those seen in IS and CM1.
Conjoint Nerve Root an Intraoperative Challenge in Minimally Invasive Tubular Discectomy
Authors: Sharma Ayush , Singh Vijay , Agrawal Romit , Mangale Nilesh , Deepak Priyank , Savla Jeet , Jaiswal Ajay
Published: November 2020

Conjoint nerve root (CNR) is an embryological nerve root anomaly that mainly involves the lumbosacral region. The presence of CNR during tubular discectomy raises the chances of failure in spinal surgery and the risk of neural injuries. Tubular discectomy can be challenging in the presence of CNR owing to limited visualization. Here, we present a technical note on two cases of L5–S1 disc prolapse in the presence of conjoint S1 nerve root that was operated via a minimally invasive tubular approach. Any intraoperative suspicion of CNR while using the tubular approach should prompt the surgeon to perform a thorough tubular decompression prior to nerve root retraction. In patients with a large disc, disc should be approached via the axilla because the axillary area between the dura and the medial boarder of the root is very easy to approach in the presence of CNR. Safe performance of tubular discectomy is possible even in the presence of CNR in the lumbar spine.
Does the Surgical Reduction of High Grade Spondylolisthesis Restore Spino-Pelvic Alignment? An Analysis of 35 Patients
Authors: Amritanand Rohit , Arockiaraj Justin , David Kenny S. , Krishnan Venkatesh
Published: November 2020

Study Design: Retrospective case series.Purpose: This study aimed to analyze how the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is influenced by an attempted surgical reduction of the L5–S1 segment in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS).Overview of Literature: Conventional treatment strategies stress the importance of achieving fusion across the lumbosacral junction in patients with HGS. The role of reduction in this subset of patients is controversial.Methods: This is a retrospective case series of 35 patients with Meyerding grades III, IV, or V spondylolisthesis who underwent surgical treatment in our institution. Before and after surgery, we took standing lateral radiographs from L1 vertebra to pelvis, including the femoral heads, and measured the slip grade, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, lumbosacral angle, and lumbar lordosis. Patients were subdivided into “balanced” and “unbalanced” pelvis groups. To determine the effect and correlation of reduction on these spinopelvic parameters, we statistically compared the pre- and postoperative measurements.Results: The average follow-up was 9 months (range, 3–169 months). Slip grade improved from an average 74.0%±13.2% to 30.0%±14.0% (p<0.001), and lumbosacral angle reduced from an average 32.0°±11.6° to 6.0°±0.6° (p<0.001). Although the pelvic tilt was reduced, this was not significant. There was a modest negative correlation between the reduction in slip grade and the increase in sacral slope (r=−0.3, p=0.06). At follow-up, five patients improved, from an unbalanced pelvis to a balanced pelvis. Fusion occurred in 33 patients (95%).Conclusions: Surgical reduction of HGS restores the lumbosacral alignment. However, a similar trend is not noted with the pelvic parameters.
Transtubular Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy for the Treatment of Compressive Cervical Radiculopathy: Surgical Results and Complications in a Consecutive Series of Cases
Authors: Maduri Rodolfo , Cossu Giulia , Aureli Viviana , Wüthrich Sonia Plaza , Bobinski Lukas , Duff John Michael
Published: November 2020

Study Design: This was a retrospective review of patients with compressive cervical radiculopathy treated with a minimally invasive anterior cervical foraminotomy (ACF).Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the results and complication rates of ACF in a consecutive series of patients and to report our clinical results of ACF as a minimally invasive technique in a series of 45 consecutive patients treated for compressive cervical radiculopathy.Overview of Literature: ACF is a motion-sparing procedure and an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical foraminotomy for direct nerve root decompression in patients with compressive cervical radiculopathy.Methods: The chart review recorded clinical and radiological features preoperatively and postoperatively and at follow-up (FU). The effect of prognostic factors was analyzed in relation to the clinical outcome.Results: Between January 2004 and October 2019, 45 patients (15 females and 30 males) with a mean age of 55.9 years (range, 28–78 years) underwent ACF for unilateral cervical radiculopathy. The global clinical outcome according to the MacNab scale was evaluated as excellent in 64.5% of patients (n=29), good in 28.9% (n=13), fair in 4.4% (n=2), and poor in 2.2% (n=1). The radiological FU was available for 73.3% (n=33). The statistical analysis revealed no influence of age, sex, operated level, and side on the clinical outcome. Only one patient (2.2%) exhibited spontaneous bone fusion at the operated level on FU after a right-sided C6–7 ACF with no clinical consequences. No patient presented with signs of delayed segmental instability. The overall reoperation rate of this series was 4.4%.Conclusions: ACF is a feasible and low-cost alternative to ACDF in selected patients with cervical radiculopathy. The use of tubular retractors in ACF may confer an added advantage that creates a safe corridor for direct cervical root decompression yet minimizing surrounding soft tissue retraction and avoiding unnecessary bone removal.
Archives say: Rehabilitation and Memory
Authors:   Candidate in historical science, Head of the Department of external relations, information and scientific cluster of Ch.Valikhanov Institute of history and ethnology SC MES RK, Kazakhstan, Kalybekova M.Ch. , Apendiyev T. A. ,   PhD, Head of the Department of Historical Demography and the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, leading researcher, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2020

. Now, the peoples of Kazakhstan, like the entire post-Soviet space, are experiencing a spiritual awakening and a return to traditional origins. It is important that the processes of searching for national identity are the world's historical and socio-cultural tendencies of the modern world. Also, Kazakhstan cannot be called a legal state and take a leading role in the world community without immortalizing the memory of many millions of its citizens who have become victims of political repression. In this regard, it is especially important to understand the tragedies of the 30-50s of the last century, which is characterized by a rupture of traditions, loss of continuity of cultural experience. The problems under consideration have gone through a complex and contradictory path of formation and development, have experienced a long-term negative impact of political and ideological conditions. Therefore, much of what was done earlier requires a serious rethinking, a number of assessments of past events need to be revised on the basis of new archival materials and documents.
ANALYSIS OF MEDIA EDUCATION CENTRES’ ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Director, College of Press and Television, Mykolaiv, GOLOVCHENKO Glib
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Currently the age of digital society requires its members to freely acquire new skills for the successful use of the possibilities of the new digital reality –media and information literacy. As a result, media education, which is recognized by UNESCO as a separate field of education, is becoming increasingly important. Ukraine has already some positive achie-?ements in the sphere of media education. Purpose. The paper is aimed at systematizing the experience gained by Ukraine through the prism of media education centers’ activity.Methods. A set of theoretical research methods was used to study the areas of Ukrainian media education: a review of the literature, selection and interpretation of results, their systematization and identification of prospects. Results. The activity of 3 recognized domestic centers of media education is described: the Institute of Social and Political Psychology, the Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Ecology of Mass Information. Generalization and systematization of their media educational activities made it possible to distinguish the following criteria: historical, methodological, prognostic. Thanks to their use, 2 new media educational centers were identified: the Academy of Press of Ukraine and the College of Press and Television in Mykolayiv. The history of their creation, peculiarities of development and introduction of scientific, educational and methodical maintenance are analyzed, the directions of their further activity are outlined. Originality of the paper lies in the analysis of media education trends in Ukraine through the activity of the acknowledged media education centres and the new ones. Conclusion. A study of the media educational activities of these centers led to the conclusion that they are all similar in their mission – media education. At the same time, they have unique features that are manifested in the practical implementation of media education. It is planned to investigate the peculiarities of media education activity that was totally conducted in the distant form due to COVID 19 pandemic.
TENDENCIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEED IN TEACHERS’ LEADERSHIP IN PRESENT-DAY TEACHERS
Authors:   PhD in Pedagogy, Associate ProfessorofPedagogy and Psychology of Social Systems Management Department named academician I. Zyazyun,National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», REZNIK Svіtlana
Published: November 2020

Introduction. One of the most urgent issues in the pedagogic theory andpractice is their correlation with the challenges to modern society. The rapid development of technology and dramatic changes in the socio-cultural sphere call for the search for new ways to improve the present-day higher education. The purpose of the article is to generalize the tendencies in the development of higher education and to substantiate on this basis the need in teachers’ leadership in present-day teachers. Result. The tendencies in higher education development have been analyzed and generalized in according with the following socio-cultural determinants: globalization, computerizing, the VUCA-environment, the «clip-thinking» effects, the cognizant society, segregation, ecology problems, the development of the civil society, the demographic ageing of the population, the leisure civilization, etc. Considering the mentioned tendencies, it has been determined that purposeful development of teachers’ leadership in pedagogues should be among the important ways to raise the quality of present-day education. A teacher-leader is a conduit for changes in his/her higher education institution and accepts the responsibility for the wide-scaled introduction of pedagogic innovations, development of new programs, and other sectors of work, thus making an impact on the activity of the whole education institution as such. In Ukraine, hardly any attention is paid to the development of teachers’ leadership in neither higher education institutions’ programs, nor in qualification improvement programs, or in the formal or informal education systems. The authors think it necessary to introduce changes to the content of the pedagogic education in Ukraine and to purposefully develop teachers’ leadership in students and teachers. Conclusion. There have been generalized the tendencies in the development of higher education in accordance with the socio-cultural transformations of the present-day society, and on this basis there were determined the urgency and practical need in teachers’ leadership development in students and teachers within the present-day system of higher education of Ukraine.
STRUCTURE AND METHODS OF USING THE SIMULATOR "TRAINEE" IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Authors:   PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor of Engineering Pedagogy and Psychology Department, Educational-scientific professional-pedagogical institute of Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy (Bakhmut), NEDOSIEKOVA Natalia
Published: November 2020

The article describes the structure of the electronic simulator " Trainee " for students of specialty 015.21 "Professional education (Food technology). Stu-dents of this specialty, according to the scientific plan, undergo industrial training at the workplaces of food industry enterprises. The relevance and expediency of using such a resource which allows you to realize a close relationship between trainees and managers from the production and educational institution in order to coordi-nate actions in accordance with the educational and professional training program for specialists in the food industry are disclosed. Such communication is carried out by means of the “Coordinator of Actions”, where all the actions of partici-pants in industrial training are clearly described. In addition, the technique of using the "Trainee" simu-lator in production conditions is provided. The essence of the sections of the electronic simulator, which is used there is disclosed. The examples of students practicing individual sections of the simulator show the formation of skills that can be acquired by trainees of food industry, which, in turn, helps to shape their read-iness for future professional activities. Thus, the use of an electronic simulator “Trainee” in training in the process of training engineers-educators of food industry provides for subject differentiation and promotes an individual approach to training, taking into account the possibilities of personality. In addition, the introduction of such a simulator into training forms among students: personal statement of the purposes, that means the ability of a person to define the purposes of his activity; learning situation of training, which is based on creation by the teacher of industrial situations (their purpose is a challenge of motivation of the future specialists and a direction of their activities in the knowledge of industrial objects and the decision of problems connected with them) training productivity, consists in creating new previously unknown training products, based on theoretical knowledge disciplines of food industry and the latest achievements of science and technology.
PAVLO HOLUBEV’S VOCAL PEDAGOGY IN MODERN ART EDUCATION
Authors:   PhD inArt History, associate professorof artistic disciplines and methods of teaching Department,SHEI«Pereiaslav-KhmelnytskyiHryhoriiSkovoroda State Pedagogical University», MARTYNIUK Anatolii
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The modern vocal pedagogy is based on the methodological principles of domestic and foreign vocal pedagogy, thorough study of the musical traditions of the Ukrainian people. The issue of preserving the traditions of Ukrainian vocal art and the use of innovative ideas in further development is extremely important. The comprehensive analysis of P.V.Holubev’s artistic and pedagogical activities allows to significantly expand the idea of the the artist' work an at the same time realize its importance for the Ukrainian musical art. The artist left great achievements in the history of the national vocal school, contributing to the process of its formation and development. The purpose of the article is highlighting of vocal pedagogy of the outstanding Ukrainian artist, Professor P.V. Holubev. The methods of analysis of musical and pedagogical activity of Kharkiv singer, teacher, Professor P. Holubev. Results. Pavlo Holubev’s vocal pedagogy has distinctive features. Under his guidance, students learned not only solo, but also ensemble and choral singing. The individual lessons with students had as their main goal the achievement of equality of voice sound and the detection of unique timbre color of the sound and the gradual expansion of the range of voice in the descending and ascending directions starting from the development of the middle register; formation of a diverse palette of sound filled with overtones; performing interpretation of vocal music. It is revealed that in P. Holubev’s vocal pedagogy the following main content lines are traced: development of vocal skills, abilities; the need to introduce them into the system of teaching vocal methodology, which is based on the scientific study of national and world experience of vocal pedagogy; synthesis and constant updating of vocal methods, which takes into account the student’s individual characteristics of the voice and creative talent. Originality. After analyzing the artistic and pedagogical activity of Professor P. Holubev we can define certain scientific approaches to educational process, namely: 1) axiological approach; 2) personality-oriented approach; 3) creative and activity approach. Conclusions. Thus, analyzing the musical and pedagogical activities of the outstanding singer, teacher, Professor P.V. Holubev, we can conclude that the features of his vocal pedagogy played an important role in the Kharkiv vocal school. Scientific study of the musical and pedagogical experience of P.V. Holubev became the basis of national and world vocal pedagogy.