bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Studies of Tamarindus indica Seed Extract and Fractions on Hematological Activities of Bitis arietans Venom
Authors: Baggai B. I. , Yusuf P. O. , Alloh F. T.
Published: July 2020

Envenomation is a serious public health and occupational hazard in tropical and subtropical countries. Antivenom serum treatment has been related to extreme hypersensitivity, high cost, and inaccessibility. Consequently, therapeutic plants have been investigated to give an alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the methanolic extract and fractions of Tamarindus indica seeds to neutralize the hemolytic, anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities of Bitis arietans venom. The powdered form of Tamarindus indica seed was extracted using methanol. The methanol extract was further fractionated using butanol solvent. The aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract inhibited hemolysis caused by crude venom by 95.5%, while methanolic extract significantly reduced the anticoagulant time of crude venom to 10.2%. The in vivo hemorrhagic activity of the crude venom of Bitis arietans was neutralized by both the crude methanolic extract and the subsequent two fractions of Tamarindus indica seed. However, the crude methanolic extract was found to be the most active by reducing the hemorrhage diameter caused by crude venom to 39%. The findings of this present research work demonstrated a very good antivenom properties of the seeds of Tamarindus indica, which suggests that it could be a potential source of effective, and safe compounds with inhibitory activities against Bitis arietans envenomation.
Buddleja asiatica Derived Phytochemicals against Diarrhea
Authors: Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Plants produce nonnutritive compounds that are often extracted to make herbal medicines. It has been reported that extracts of Buddleja asiatica are effective to treat diarrhea. One of the causes of Diarrhea is an infection by Campylobacter jejuni. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Buddleja asiatica capable of curing Diarrhea. ATP-phosphoribosyl transferase enzyme plays an important role in Purine Metabolism. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Lignoceric acid can effectively deactivate the transferase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Cardamom Derived Phytochemicals against Mycoplasma pneumonia Causing Bronchitis
Authors: Palai Bapujee , Patra Bijan Pumar , Ray Sidhartha , Swain Sitaram , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs. Bronchitis is mainly caused by a viral infection and a small number of cases are caused by a bacterial infection like Mycoplasma pneumonia. Cardamom extract is a traditional medicine that is used to treat Bronchitis. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Cardamom capable of curing pneumonia-like bronchitis Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that acetic acid can effectively deactivate glycerophosphodiester phospho diesterase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Cardamom Derived Phytochemicals against Bronchitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Patra Bijan Pumar , Palai Bapujee , Ray Sidhartha , Swain Sitaram , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Cardamom plant extract can cure Bronchitis. One of the causes of Bronchitis is an infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that 4-terpineol can effectively deactivate thymidine phosphorylase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Michelia champaca Derived Phytochemicals against Skin Disease
Authors: Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Michelia champaca plant extract can cure skin disease. Skin disease can be caused by many reasons. Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main reasons for skin disease. This objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Michelia champaca capable of curing skin diseases. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Magnoflorine can effectively deactivate thymidylate synthase thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) Derived Phytochemicals against Aspartate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase of Aspergillus fumigatus Causing Aspergillosis
Authors: Jena Biswajit , Muni Minati Rani , Prusty P. K. , Jha Sunil , Bhatttacharyay Deepankar
Published: July 2020

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of fungus. The illnesses is caused by aspergillosis infection and usually attack the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. It has already been established that plant Cinnamomum zeylanicum belonging to the Lauraceae family has the potential to help controlling aspergillosis. This work is focused on the identification of the particular phytochemical responsible for inhibiting and decreasing the effect of aspergillosis. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that cinnamic acid can effectively deactivate aspergillosis.
Eclipta alba Derived Phytochemicals against Jaundice
Authors: Mohanty Sutapa , Biswal Mukesh Kumar , Nayak Sanchayita , Behera Bhagyeswari , Mandal Ushasree , Pradhan Srimay
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals otherwise known as secondary metabolites means the small organic molecules that are not essential for growth, development and reproduction but can protect from various diseases. Infact these phytochemicals are the key source of medicine. Secondary metabolites from Eclipta alba plant extract are traditionally used to cure Jaundice which is caused by Leptospira interrogans. The curative property of Eclipta alba against Leptospira interrogans was proved by molecular docking method in “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” recommended that pentadecan, heptadecane, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-petadecanone can successfully deactivate the thioredoxin-disulfide reductase enzyme thereby disrupting the cellular function as well as the lifecycle of causative organism.
Bhringraj Derived Phytochemicals against Pneumonia
Authors: Tripathy Debajani , Adhikari Chandana , Pandey Mukundjee , Bhattacharayay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Bhringaraj plant extract are traditionally used to cure Pneumonia. It is caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that glutamic acid can effectively deactivate the dehydrogenase enzyme, thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Derived Phytochemicals against Skin Disease
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprajnya , Naik Chinmayee , Mahanti Ashwini Kumar , Pandey Mukundjee , Mahalik Gyanranjan
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr plant extract are traditionally used to cure skin disease. It is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that P-cymene can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Buddleja asiatica Lour. Derived Phytochemicals against Staphylococcus aureus Causing Skin Diseases
Authors: Patra Sasmita , Mishra Sarthak Siddhant , Behera Manaranjan , Sahoo Ruchi Samparna , Gouda Swetanginee , Palei Sushree Susmita , Mahalik Gyanranjan
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Buddleja asiatica plant extract are traditionally used to cure skin diseases. It is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that lignoceric acid can effectively deactivate the L-lactate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Beet Root Derived Phytochemicals against Escherichia coli Causing Diarrhea
Authors: Nayak Upendra Kumar , Behera Smruti Ranjan , Behera Saswati , Bhattacharyay Dipankar , Pandey Mukundjee
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Beet Root (Beta vulgaris) plant extract are traditionally used to cure Diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that caffeic acid can effectively deactivate the Shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Salvia rosmarinus Derived Phytochemicals against Eczema
Authors: Barik Elora , Swain Selina , Mishra Bibhuprasad , Bhatta Kalpita , Mallick Sasmita , Karmee Pratibha
Published: July 2020

The bioactive or phytochemicals substance from the plant Salvia rosmarinus helps in the prevention of eczema. Staphylococcus aureus is the causal organism for this disease. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” indicates alcohol could deactivate the protein tyrosine phosphatase and thus interrupt enzyme Staphylococcus aureus life cycle.
Moringa oleifera Derived Phytochemicals against Shikimate Dehydrogenase of Helicobacter pylori Causing Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Behera Sonali Suchismita , Suvadarshini Seema , Chhotaray Truptimayee , Sahoo Archita , Satapathy Subhadarshini , Mohapatra Manasi , Behera Bhagyeswari , Pradhan Srimay
Published: July 2020

Moringa oleifera plant extract is traditionally used to cure Peptic ulcer. It is caused by Helicobacter pylori. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that 9-octadecenoic acid can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
A Novel Approach to Power Quality Analysis: Adaptive FEM Algorithm with Sparse Signal Decomposition
Authors: Rahul
Published: July 2020

An adaptive approach of discretized triangular mesh based on finite element method hybrid with type‐2 fuzzy is utilized for detection and classification of power quality events. The concept of sparse signal decomposition is utilized with extraction of disturbances from power signals. An adaptive finite element method is then applied with the concept of stiffness matrix which extracts some relevant features of power quality events that act as input to type‐2 fuzzy classifiers. Finally performance comparison is carried out, the results of which show that the proposed technique has potential to analyze disturbances with high accuracy and minimum computational overhead.
Flexible Thermoelectric Double‐Layer Inorganic/Organic Composites Synthesized by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Du Yong , Chen Jiageng , Meng Qiufeng , Xu Jiayue , Lu Jun , Paul Biplab , Eklund Per
Published: July 2020

This study shows an approach to combine a high electrical conductivity of one composite layer with a high Seebeck coefficient of another composite layer in a double‐layer composite, resulting in high thermoelectric power factor. Flexible double‐layer‐composites, made from Bi2Te3‐based‐alloy/polylactic acid (BTBA/PLA) composites and Ag/PLA composites, are synthesized by solution additive manufacturing. With the increase in Ag volume‐ratio from 26.3% to 41.7% in Ag/PLA layers, the conductivity of the double‐layer composites increases from 12 S cm−1 to 1170 S cm−1, while the Seebeck coefficient remains ≈80 μV K−1 at 300 K. With further increase in volume ratio of Ag until 45.6% in Ag/PLA composite layer, the electrical conductivity of the double‐layer composites increases to 1710 S cm−1, however, with a slight decrease of the Seebeck coefficient to 64 μV K−1. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient vary only to a limited extent with the temperature. The high Seebeck coefficient is due to scattering of low energy charge carriers across compositionally graded interfaces. A power factor of 875 μW m−1 K−2 is achieved at 360 K for 41.7 vol.% Ag in the Ag/PLA layers. Solution additive manufacturing can directly print this double‐layer composite into intricate geometries, making this process is promising for large‐scale fabrication of thermoelectric composites.
Advantages linked to root development enhance rice biomass accumulation under elevated carbon dioxide conditions
Authors: He Jiang , Zhang Weiyang , Zhu Kuanyu , Wang Zhiqin , Wang Weilu , Yang Jianchang
Published: July 2020

To explore the effects of an increased CO2 concentration on the growth and N absorption and utilization of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, the Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) rice cultivars were grown under ambient CO2 (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (600 μmol mol−1) combined with high N (2.5 mM) and low N (0.5 mM) treatments. The effects of elevated CO2 on root morphological and physiological characteristics, N uptake and utilization, and dry matter accumulation and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that the elevated CO2 levels significantly increased the total biomass of LY under different N levels but only significantly increased the total biomass of NJ under high N. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the N concentrations in the organs of LY but had no significant effect on the N concentrations in the organs of NJ. As a result, elevated CO2 significantly increased the N accumulation of LY but decreased the N uptake of NJ under low N. Under elevated CO2 conditions, the total root length and root surface area of LY increased, and the roots also maintained high activity. The larger roots and higher physiological activity and N accumulation of LY were the important reasons for the high levels of dry matter production in response to elevated CO2. Improvements in the root morphology and physiological activity of rice in future breeding efforts should enhance the dry matter production of low‐response rice.
Do plant secondary metabolite‐containing forages influence soil processes in pasture systems?
Authors: Clemensen Andrea K. , Villalba Juan J. , Rottinghaus George E. , Lee Stephen T. , Provenza Fred D. , Reeve Jennifer R.
Published: July 2020

Grazed pastures are susceptible to N loss from urine/manure additions, which increases eutrophication, affecting the global N cycle. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as condensed tannins (CT) and terpenes, influence silviculture soil dynamics by generally decreasing N mineralization. We investigated whether cattle‐grazed pastures of non‐traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips including CT‐containing sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] influenced soil dynamics compared with traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), without tannins, and TF. Throughout the study, CT in sainfoin averaged 58.9 g kg−1 whereas alfalfa saponins averaged 5.7 g kg−1. We observed greater soil microbial respiration (p = .01) in TF strips than legume strips, indicating greater microbial activity, and between legumes we found greater soil NO3 (p = .01) in alfalfa than in sainfoin, although aboveground biomass and N differences were negligible. We also conducted a laboratory soil‐feces incubation study to determine if feces from cattle foraging diets of legumes with or without CT influenced soil dynamics. Both feces treatments showed lower NO3 (p < .001) than without feces, suggesting microbial inhibition. Dehydrogenase activity (DHEA) was lower (p = .03) in sainfoin than alfalfa feces, suggesting CT from sainfoin inhibit DHEA. To our knowledge this study is the first considering whether CT‐containing sainfoin and saponin‐containing alfalfa influence soil dynamics by assessing general differences in soil parameters. More research is needed to determine whether specific PSM mitigate N loss in pasture systems by slowing N mineralization.
Prevalence and risk factors for post‐traumatic stress disorder in Japanese relatives of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients after receiving a pamphlet concerning the grieving process
Authors: Suzuki Megumi , Yanagawa Youichi , Sakamoto Aya , Sugiyama Haruka , Nozawa Yoko
Published: July 2020

Aim

To investigate the prospective frequency of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among relatives of sudden death patients following provision of a pamphlet explaining the stages of the complicated grief process and self‐regulating techniques.

Methods

From May 2017 to February 2018, we prospectively and consecutively provided a pamphlet to relatives of out‐of‐hospital sudden cardiac arrest victims who failed to obtain spontaneous circulation. We investigated the psychiatric status of the bereaved relatives using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‐R). An IES‐R score over 24 was defined as PTSD.

Results

Fifty‐four relatives of the 54 dead patients (victims) provided permission of entry to this research. All subjects and victims were Japanese. Among them, 24 subjects had an IES‐R score of 0 and 5 (9.3%) had PTSD approximately 1 month after their bereavement. There were no relatives who received spontaneous psychiatric treatment. The IES‐R scores for non‐medical cardiac arrest, death inquests, and parent variables were significantly higher compared with medical cardiac arrest, no inquest, and no parent, respectively. The IES‐R scores in those who were a child of the victim were significantly lower than in those who were not.

Conclusion

The present study showed that the frequency of PTSD was 9.3% at 1 month following bereavement among Japanese relatives of sudden death victims after an intervention. This frequency was minimal compared with previous reports.
Evanescent Wave‐Guided Growth of an Organic Supramolecular Nanowire Array
Authors: Su Hua , Niu Ben , Li Haoran , Liu Fei , Yuan Tinglian , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Wang Wei
Published: July 2020

The ordered assembly of molecules within a specific space of nanoscale, such as a surface, holds great promise in advanced micro‐/nanostructure fabrication for various applications. Herein, we demonstrate the evanescent wave (EW)‐guided organization of small molecules into a long‐range ordered nanowire (NW) array. Experiment and simulation revealed that the orientation and periodicity of the NW array were feasibly regulated by altering the propagation direction and the wavelength of EW. The generality of this approach was demonstrated by using different molecule precursors. While existing studies on EW often took advantages of its near‐field property for optical sensing, this work demonstrated the photochemical power of EW in the guided‐assembly of small molecules for the first time. It also provides an enlightening avenue to periodic structure with fluorescence, promising for super‐resolution microscopy and important devices applicable to optical and bio‐related fields.
A Versatile Enantioselective Catalytic Cyclopropanation‐Rearrangement Approach to the Divergent Construction of Chiral Spiroaminals and Fused Bicyclic Acetals
Authors: Zhou Li , Yan Wen‐Guang , Sun Xiu‐Li , Wang Lijia , Tang Yong
Published: July 2020

A highly enantioselective synthesis of various chiral heterobicyclic molecules including spiroaminals and fused bicyclic acetals has been developed via a chiral copper catalyzed cyclopropanation‐rearrangement (CP‐RA) approach under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, the asymmetric CP‐RA for exocyclic vinyl substrates without a pro‐stereogenic carbon at the β‐position has been realized for the first time and a broad substrate scope with excellent results (33 examples; 34–99 % yields; >95/5 dr and 91–99 % ee) has been achieved. An application of a successive enantioselective CP‐RA approach was also described, providing a concise access to complex chiral heteropolycycles.
MWCNTs‐ZrO2 as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N‐heterocyclic scaffolds under green reaction medium
Authors: Halder Bipasa , Banerjee Flora , Nag Ahindra
Published: July 2020

A simple, efficient, and facile heterogeneous multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐zirconia nanocomposite (MWCNTs‐ZrO2) has been synthesized using natural feedstock coconut juice (água‐de‐coco do Ceará). The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The heterogeneous nanocomposite has been used for one‐pot synthesis of various N‐heterocyclic compounds like pyrazoles, 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles, 2‐arylbenzazoles, and 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones under green reaction medium at room temperature. This novel method has several advantages, such as short reaction time, simple work‐up, excellent yield, and green reaction conditions. The catalyst was recycled up to four times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
Star‐Shaped Ferrocene‐Based 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Linear Optical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Rahimpour Keshvar , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza
Published: July 2020

In this study, the star‐shaped ferrocene‐based 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via Huisgen reaction. For this purpose, the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between multi‐(4‐azidobutyl) substituted ferrocene derivatives and ethynylferrocene was carried out in the presence of CuSO4.5H2O as Cu (I) source and ascorbic acid as reluctant for convert the Cu (II) to Cu (I). The optical and electrochemical properties of the final dendrimer‐like ferrocenyl derivatives were evaluated using UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques, respectively. The linear relationship between the cathodic and anodic peak currents and the square root of the scan rate was indicated the diffusion‐limited mechanism for the redox process. Furthermore, ferrocene‐based 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives show good electrochemical behavior (the CV and DPV technique) when immobilized on glassy carbon electrode surface using Nafion. In addition, the quantum chemistry study was performed on the synthesized compounds with the DFT approach. The B3LYP/6‐31G(d) method was applied to do TD‐DFT calculations due to its good agreement with experimental data for prediction of UV–Vis spectra.
Truncated reactive center loop decrease the inhibitory activity of Antheraea pernyi serine protease inhibitor 6
Authors: Wang Guobao , Na Shuang , Qin Li
Published: July 2020

Here, we assessed the effect of a systematic change in reactive center loop (RCL) length, N‐terminal to the reactive center, on the inhibitory activity of the recombinant Apserpin‐6. The domain prediction results indicated that the RCL is located between the amino acid numbered 359–379 at the C‐terminal of Apserpin‐6. The N‐terminal variable region for amino acid positions P7–P1 of the RCL of Apserpin‐6 was truncated or extended by residue deletion or insertion using site‐directed mutagenesis. The recombinant Apserpin‐6 with one or two residues insertion in RCL had no effect on prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity, whereas deletion of one or two residues in RCL lowered the efficiency of inhibition of Apserpin‐6. The results of this study will facilitate the understanding of inhibition mechanism of RCL on proPO activity.
A novel semi‐mechanistic tumor growth fraction model for translation of preclinical efficacy of anti‐glypican 3 antibody drug conjugate to human
Authors: Singh Renu , Kozhich Alexander , Pan Chin , Lee Francis , Cardarelli Pina , Vangipuram Rangan , Iyer Rama , Marathe Punit
Published: July 2020

The growing fraction (GF) of tumor has been reported as one of the predictive markers of the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, a semi‐mechanistic model has been developed that describes tumor growth on the basis of cell cycle, allowing the incorporation of the GF of a tumor in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. Efficacy data of anti‐glypican 3 (GPC3) antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) model was used for evaluation of this proposed model. Our model was able to describe the kinetics of growth inhibition of HCC PDX models following treatment with anti‐GPC3 ADC remarkably well. The estimated tumurostatic concentrations were used in tandem with human PKs translated from cynomolgus monkey for prediction of the efficacious dose. The projected efficacious human dose of anti‐GPC3 ADC was in the range 0.20–0.63 mg/kg for the Q3W dosing regimen, with a median dose of 0.50 mg/kg. This publication is the first step in evaluating the applicability of GF in PK/PD modeling of ADCs. The authors are hopeful that incorporation of GF will result in an improved translation of the preclinical efficacy of ADCs to clinical settings and thereby better prediction of the efficacious human dose.
Efficacy and safety of intracoronary epinephrine versus conventional treatments alone in STEMI patients with refractory coronary no‐reflow during primary PCI: The RESTORE observational study
Authors: Navarese Eliano P. , Frediani Lara , Kandzari David E. , Caiazzo Gianluca , Cenname Angela Marella , Cortese Bernardo , Piva Tommaso , Muçaj Andi , Tumscitz Carlo , Paparoni Francesco , Larosa Claudio , Bisceglia Teodoro , Menozzi Mila , Gurbel Paul A. , Kubica Jacek
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We aimed to compare intracoronary (IC) epinephrine versus conventional treatments alone in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and refractory coronary no‐reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Methods

Thirty consecutive patients with severe refractory coronary no‐reflow (TIMI 0–1, MBG 0–1) during PPCI were prospectively included after initial failure of conventional treatments. Conventional treatments used in both groups included IC nitrates, thrombectomy. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and adenosine. Patients received IC epinephrine or no epinephrine.

Results

Intracoronary administration of epinephrine yielded significantly better coronary flow patterns (28.6% TIMI 3, 64.3% TIMI 2, 7.1% TIMI 1, and 0% TIMI 0), compared to those after treatment with conventional agents alone (18.8% TIMI 3, 12.5% TIMI 2, 37.5% TIMI 1, and 31.3% TIMI 0) (p value between groups = .004). In the IC epinephrine vs. no epinephrine group there was a significant reduction of 30‐day composite of death or heart failure (35.7% vs. 81.25%), improvement of ejection fraction (p = .01) and ST‐segment resolution (p = .01).

Conclusions

The findings of this proof‐of‐concept study suggest that as compared to use of conventional agents alone, IC epinephrine provides substantial improvement of coronary flow in STEMI patients with refractory no‐reflow during PPCI that may result into improved prognosis.
Proximal to distal Y‐stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions using radial access: A modern bifurcation technique
Authors: Ding Patricia Ying Jia , Webber Bruce , Ormiston John , Webster Mark
Published: July 2020

Proximal to distal Y stenting technique is a modified bifurcation technique based on the original Y stenting technique described over 20 years ago. We use a bench top model to illustrate the steps of the technique, which can provide both provisional and full coverage options, using radial artery access. This technique may be applied in clinical settings on a wide range of bifurcation anatomies with a number of unique advantages.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: Karki Bipin , Pun Bishika , Shrestha Amit , Shrestha Pramesh Sunder
Published: July 2020

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, though rare, should be considered in patients with duodenal obstruction with no other causes. History of recent weight loss and imaging modalities help in the diagnosis. Conservative management can be tried before going for surgery.
Microstructural Changes of Prussian Blue Derivatives during Cycling in Zinc‐Containing Electrolytes
Authors: Kasiri Ghoncheh , Glenneberg Jens , Kun Robert , Zampardi Giorgia , La Mantia Fabio
Published: July 2020

The reversible electrochemical insertion of zinc into host materials has been shown to be very promising for large‐scale energy storage applications. In particular, copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) and its derivatives from the Prussian Blue family enable a fast and reversible (de‐)insertion of zinc ions when operated in a zinc‐based aqueous electrolyte. In this work, the effect of the concentration of a zinc sulfate‐containing aqueous neutral solution on the aging of CuHCF and copper‐zinc hexacyanoferrate mixture (CuZnHCF) was studied. The electrochemical and morphological analysis revealed the occurrence of a phase change during the materials aging. Such phase transformation induced morphological changes, different from the ones formed when the materials were cycled in lower electrolyte concentration. In the case of CuZnHCF, the occurrence of a spike‐shaped morphology upon cycling, which appears to be electrochemically inactive, caused a faster capacity fading.
Cationic NHC‐Phosphine Iridium Complexes: Highly Active Catalysts for Base‐Free Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Quan Xu , Kerdphon Sutthichat , Peters Bram B. C. , Rujirawanich Janjira , Krajangsri Suppachai , Jongcharoenkamol Jira , Andersson Pher G.
Published: July 2020

Novel bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene‐phosphine iridium complexes have been synthesized and evaluated in the hydrogenation of ketones. Reported catalytic systems require base additives and, if excluded, need elevated temperature or high pressure of hydrogen gas to achieve satisfactory reactivity. The developed catalysts showed extremely high reactivity and good enantioselectivity under base‐free and mild conditions. In the presence of 1 mol % catalyst under 1 bar hydrogen pressure at room temperature, hydrogenation was complete in 30 minutes giving up to 96 % ee. Again, this high reactivity was achieved in additive‐free conditions. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that balloon pressure of hydrogen was sufficient to form the activate species by reducing and eliminating the 1,5‐cyclooctadiene ligand. The pre‐activated catalyst was able to hydrogenate acetophenone with 89 % conversion in 5 min.
Aerial high‐throughput phenotyping enables indirect selection for grain yield at the early generation, seed‐limited stages in breeding programs
Authors: Krause Margaret R. , Mondal Suchismita , Crossa José , Singh Ravi P. , Pinto Francisco , Haghighattalab Atena , Shrestha Sandesh , Rutkoski Jessica , Gore Michael A. , Sorrells Mark E. , Poland Jesse
Published: July 2020

Breeding programs for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops require one or more generations of seed increase before replicated trials can be sown to assess yield. Extensive phenotyping at this stage is challenging because of the small sizes of plots and large numbers of lines under evaluation, and therefore, breeders typically rely on visual selection to promote lines to yield evaluation. Aerial high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) enables the rapid acquisition of traits that may be useful for selection among early generation lines. With the objective of assessing the potential for aerial measurements recorded on seed increase plots to improve indirect selection for grain yield (GY), two sets of 1,008 early generation bread wheat breeding lines were sown both as replicated yield trials (YTs) and as small, unreplicated plots (SPs) at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center during two breeding cycles. Normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the SPs were observed to be heritable and moderately correlated with GY assessed in YTs. Furthermore, NDVI was more predictive of GY than univariate genomic selection (GS), with still higher overall predictive abilities from multitrait approaches. A related experiment showed that selection based on NDVI would have outperformed visual selection, though this approach would have driven a directional response in phenology because of confounding between phenology, NDVI, and GY. A restricted selection index was proposed to address this issue. These results provide a promising outlook for the use of aerial HTP to improve selection at the early generation, seed‐limited stages of breeding programs.
Genotype‐by‐environment interaction for turfgrass quality in bermudagrass across the southeastern United States
Authors: Gouveia Beatriz Tomé , Rios Esteban Fernando , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Gezan Salvador A. , Munoz Patricio R. , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Unruh J. Bryan , Miller Grady L. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. , Schwartz Brian M. , Raymer Paul L. , Chandra Ambika , Wherley Benjamin G. , Wu Yanqi , Martin Dennis , Moss Justin Q.
Published: July 2020

Estimation of genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) is important in breeding programs because it provides critical information to guide selection decisions. In general, multienvironment trials exhibit heterogeneity of variances and covariances at several levels. Thus, the objectives of this study were (a) to find the best genetic covariance matrix to model GEI and compare changes in genotypic rankings between the best covariance structure against a compound symmetry structure, (b) to define mega‐environments for turfgrass performance across the southeastern United States, and (c) to estimate genetic correlations between drought or nondrought and growing or nongrowing conditions to determine the extent of GEI under specific environments. Three nurseries with 165, 164, and 154 genotypes were evaluated in 2011–2012, 2012–2013, and 2013–2014, respectively. These nurseries were conducted at eight locations (Citra, FL; Hague, FL; College Station, TX; Dallas, TX; Griffin, GA; Tifton, GA; Stillwater, OK; and Jackson Springs, NC). The response variables were averaged turfgrass quality (TQ), TQ under drought (TQD), nondrought TQ (TQND), TQ under actively growing months (TQG), and TQ under nongrowing months (TQNG). This study demonstrated that (a) the best variance structure varied among traits and seasons, and changes in genotype rankings were dependent on GEI; (b) considering TQ and TQND, mega‐environments formed between Jackson Springs and College Station, and between Citra, Dallas, and Griffin, whereas Stillwater, Hague, and Tifton represented unique environments across the southeastern United States; and (c) genetic correlations between drought or nondrought and growing or nongrowing conditions suggested that indirect selection can be efficient in multienvironment trials for contrasting environmental conditions.
The accuracy of different strategies for building training sets for genomic predictions in segregating soybean populations
Authors: Mendonça Leandro de Freitas , Fritsche‐Neto Roberto
Published: July 2020

The design of the training set is a key factor in the success of the genomic selection approach. The nature of line inclusion in soybean [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] breeding programs is highly dynamic, so generating a training set that endures across the years and regions is challenging. Therefore, we aimed to define the best strategies for building training sets to apply genomic selection in segregating soybean populations for traits with different genetic architectures. We used two datasets for grain yield (GY) and maturity group (MG) from two different soybean breeding regions in Brazil. Five training set schemes were tested. In addition, we included a training set formed by an optimization algorithm based on the predicted error variance. The predictions achieved good values for both traits, reaching 0.5 in some scenarios. The best scenario changed according to the trait. Although the best performance was achieved with the use of full‐sibs in the MG dataset, for GY, full‐sibs and a set of advanced lines were equivalent. For both traits, no improvement in predictive ability resulted from training set optimization. Furthermore, the use of advanced lines from the same breeding program is recommended as a training set for GY, so the training set is continually renewed and closely related to the breeding populations, and no additional phenotyping is needed. On the other hand, to improve prediction accuracies for MG, it is necessary to use training sets with less genetic variability but with more segregation resolution.
Interspecific comparisons of C3 turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play
Authors: Ebdon J. S. , James I. , DaCosta M. , Lu J.
Published: July 2020

Previous studies in the evaluation of wear tolerance have been conducted using wear simulators. Research to investigate wear tolerance of C3 turfgrasses under actual playing conditions and their carrying capacity is limited. Three grass tennis courts (replicates) maintained as official size (single) courts were constructed. Eight species and cultivars were randomized within the three courts (blocks): (1) ‘Keeneland’ Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), (2) ‘Rubix’ KB, (3) ‘Villa’ velvet bentgrass (VBG, Agrostis canina L.), (4) ‘Puritan’ colonial bentgrass (CL, Agrostis capillaris L.), (5) ‘007’ creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis stolonifera L.), (6) fine fescue (FF, Festuca spp.) mixture, (7) ‘Karma’ perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and (8) ‘Wicked’ PR. Injury at the baseline was measured by counting healthy grass on four dates in 2017 and 2019 using an intersect grid. Carrying capacity at the baseline was derived as hours of play to sustain 90, 80, 70, and 60% grass cover. After 6 wk of actual tennis play involving >120 participating players in 2017 and 2019, KB and PR were superior to other C3 turfgrass for wear tolerance and carrying capacity. These two species exhibited four times the carrying capacity of FF species and nearly 60% more carrying capacity than bentgrass (BG) species. Species of BG afforded higher shoot density and better traction than KB and PR, with VBG exhibiting the best traction, and FF and PR exhibiting the poorest traction. In 2017, greater cell wall content increased wear tolerance and carrying capacity. Velvet bentgrass was as good as KB and PR in overall wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play.
New psychoactive substances on dark web markets: From deal solicitation to forensic analysis of purchased substances
Authors: Jurásek Bronislav , Čmelo Ivan , Svoboda Jan , Čejka Jan , Svozil Daniel , Kuchař Martin
Published: July 2020

The dark web scene has been drawing the attention of law enforcement agencies and researchers alike. To date, most of the published works on the dark web are based on data gained by passive observation. To gain a more contextualized perspective, a study was conducted in which three vendors were selected on the “Dream Market” dark web marketplace, from whom subsequently several new psychoactive substances (NPS) were ordered. All transactions were documented from the initial drug deal solicitation to the final qualitative analysis of all received samples. From the selected vendors, a total of nine NPS samples was obtained, all of which were analyzed by NMR, HRMS, LC‐UV, and two also by x‐ray diffraction. According to our analyses, four of the five substances offered under already known NPS names contained a different NPS. The selected vendors therefore either did not know about their product, or deliberately deceived the buyers. Furthermore, two of three obtained samples of purportedly novel NPS were identified as already documented substances sold under a different name. However, the third characterized substance sold as “MPF‐47700” was a novel, yet uncharacterized, NPS. Finally, we received a single undeclared substance, later identified as 5F‐ADB. In addition to chemical analysis of the nine obtained NPS samples, the methodology used also yielded contextual information about the accessibility of NPS on the dark web, the associated purchase process, and the modus operandi of three NPS vendors. Direct participation in dark web marketplaces seems to provide additional layers of information useful for forensic studies.
Pollen limitation in the endangered Chinese endemic species Sinocalycanthus chinensis
Authors: Li Junmin , Gu Jingjing , Wang Xinglong , Zhang Wenbiao , Jin Zexin
Published: July 2020

Pollen limitation negatively impacts endangered and endemic plants with small fragmented populations, such as Sinocalycanthus chinensis, an endangered plant endemic to China. In this study, we analyzed the pollen limitation of the S. chinensis Damingshan (DMS) population in 2006, 2009, and 2010, and crossed plants with mates separated by different distances, both within and between populations. The DMS population exhibited strong pollen limitation in fruit set, seed set, and seeds per fruit in 2006, 2009, and 2010. The average accumulated pollen limitation (for fruit set times seeds per fruit) was 0.510 ± 0.180. Progeny crossed with pollen from intermediate neighboring plants within the same population (separated by 30–50 m from pollen recipients) had the lowest fitness. No optimal outcrossing distance was found within the DMS population. Progeny from crosses with the Shunxiwu (SXW) and Daleishan (DLS) populations performed relatively better, while those from crosses with Qingliangfeng (QLF) and Longxushan (LXS) populations performed worse. Compared with average reproductive success, outbreeding depression was found in progeny from crosses with the LXS and QLF populations. Reproductive success from pure self‐pollination indicated S. chinensis is self‐compatible. Geitonogamous selfing increased reproductive success. Based on geitonogamous selfing, the proportion of selfed offspring was relatively high. These results provide basic references for the conservation of this species.
CuCo2S4Deposited on TiO2: Controlling the pH Value Boosts Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Poschmann Michael , Groß Hendrik , Amin Reza , Fritsch Charlotte , Dankwort Torben , Radinger Hannes , Indris Sylvio , Kienle Lorenz , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

Metallic spinel‐type CuCo2S4nanoparticles were deposited on nanocrystalline TiO2(P25®), forming heterostructure nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized in detail by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Variation of the CuCo2S4:TiO2ratio to an optimum value generated a catalyst which shows a very high photocatalytic H2production rate at neutral pH of 32.3 µmol/h (0.72 mL h–1), which is much larger than for pure TiO2(traces of H2). The catalyst exhibits an extraordinary long‐term stability and after 70 h irradiation time about 2 mmol H2were generated. An increased light absorption and an efficient charge separation for the sample with the optimal CuCo2S4:TiO2ratio is most probably responsible for the high catalytic activity.
Techno‐economic feasibility study on electric vehicle and renewable energy integration: A case study
Authors: Schetinger Annelys Machado , Dias Daniel Henrique Nogueira , Borba Bruno Soares Moreira César , Pimentel da Silva Gardenio Diogo
Published: July 2020

This work simulated the economic viability of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy charging integration at a university campus. Homer energy simulation software was used to determine the optimal solution for the power loading, energy dispatch, and economic feasibility of each electricity source. Three scenarios were considered: case 1 (C1) is the baseline that provided the electric parameters considering a grid without renewable energy integration; case 2 (C2) is the addition of solar and wind systems supplying power to the grid and EVs; case 3 (C3) is the same conditions as C2, but EVs operate on vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) scheme supplying energy to grid. Economic output solutions were classified according to the lowest net present value (NPV). The V2G mechanism considered on the C3 offered conditions that decreased the costs of operation of the system, estimating the lowest NPV among the options analyzed. In C2, the simulations recorded higher costs due to the system operation associated with extra local load to power the EVs. In both C2 and C3 scenarios, EVs aided the renewable energy sources' penetration on the system; however, the operation of EVs on a V2G mechanism contributed to the highest rate of renewable energy penetration.
Descriptive sensory analysis and consumer preferences of bean sauces
Authors: Byarugaba Rachel , Nabubuya Agnes , Muyonga John
Published: July 2020

Sensory acceptability of value‐added bean products is a critical determinant of their consumption. This study determined the factors influencing consumer preference of processed beans. Dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) processed by boiling, roasting, and extrusion were milled into flour and used to make bean sauces. The sauces were evaluated by 10 panelists using quantitative descriptive analysis and ranked by 120 consumers for preference. The factors influencing consumer preference were computed by a partial least squares regression model. The results showed that sauces were more distinguishable by appearance, taste, and mouth‐feel than by aroma, flavor, and after‐taste. Sauces that were brown in color, with burnt aroma and burnt after‐taste were preferred to those that were described as lumpy with mashed potato flavor. Oven roasted beans and boiled beans were preferred to traditionally roasted, extruded, and unprocessed beans. Preference was significantly (p < .05) positively influenced by brown color and negatively by lumpiness which were both sensory descriptors of the appearance of sauce. Appearance is therefore the leading influencer of consumer preference in bean sauces and should be prioritized by product developers over other sensory attributes in development of similar products for wider acceptance and utilization of common beans.
Race, gender, and scholarly impact: Disparities for women and faculty of color in clinical psychology
Authors: White Susan W. , Xia Mengya , Edwards Gabrielle
Published: July 2020

Objective

We sought to determine if gender and race are associated with scientific impact, scholarly productivity, career advancement, and prestige.

Methods

Publicly available data on publications, h‐index, advancement, and prestige were assessed across core faculty in all American Psychological Association‐accredited clinical psychology programs at R1 institutions in the United States (87 programs, 918 scientists).

Results

There were significant effects of both gender and race on productivity and impact, which were most apparent among the most senior faculty. Men and white faculty in associate and full professor ranks had higher scholarly productivity and impact. Among associate professors, men were more likely to get tenure earlier, even when controlling for scientific impact (h‐index). Neither gender nor race was associated with prestige among full professors.

Conclusion

These findings, along with under‐representation of non‐White faculty across levels (11.2%) and women at the full professor level (42.8%), suggest disparities in academic clinical psychology that must be addressed.