bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open Science Infrastructure as a key component of Open Science
Authors: Stojanovski Jadranka
Published: November 2022

The Open Science movement is a response to the accumulated problems in scholarly communication, like the "reproducibility crisis", "serials crisis", and "peer review crisis". The European Commission defines priorities of Open Science as Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reproducible (FAIR) data, infrastructure and services in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), Next generation metrics, altmetrics and rewards, the future of scientific communication, research integrity and reproducibility, education and skills and citizen science. Open Science Infrastructure is also one of four key components of Open Science defined by UNESCO. Mainly represented among Open Science Infrastructures are institutional and thematic repositories for publications, research data, software and code. Furthermore, the Open Science Infrastructure services range may include discovery, mining, publishing, the peer review process, archiving and preservation, social networking tools, training, high-performance computing, and tools for processing and analysis. Successful Open Science Infrastructure should be based on community values and responsive to needed changes. Preferably the Open Science Infrastructure should be distributed, enabling machine-actionable tools and services, supporting reusability and reproducibility, quality FAIR data, interoperability, sustainability, long-term preservation and funding.
Best French Android-Based Educational Game For Beginner-Level French Language Learners
Authors: Sembiring Pengadilen , . Baharuddin , Rahmadani Reni , Fibriasari Hesti , Nasution Rizki Fadila
Published: November 2022

In this study, the product that will be produced is in the form of an android-based "Best Frech" Educational Game Media Application designed to make it easier for beginner-level learners in learning, especially learning vocabulary intended for French is a language that is in great demand after English. In addition, French is one of the languages studied in many schools and universities in Indonesia. Although it is in great demand by many people, in the early stages of introducing linguistic rules, it is still difficult to learn French because the grammatical structure and vocabulary are very different from Indonesian. French learning in the early semester, especially in vocabulary learning, needs to be optimized. Therefore, to improve vocabulary mastery, it is necessary to have more interesting learning supported by an appropriate learning medium, namely the maximum use of technology accompanied by interesting material. One of the developments of learning media that can help beginners in learning French is educational games. This study aims to: (1) to design and implement the Best French Android-Based Educational Game. (2) to find out the user's response to the Best French Android-Based Educational Game. The research method used is research and development with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluations) model. The features contained in the Best French Educational Game include learning and playing features. In the learning feature, there are letter recognition materials, vocabulary, and conversation patterns while in the playing feature, the material studied is tested in game mode.
Juana Inés de la Cruz, Winétt de Rokha: del modernismo a la vanguardia
Authors:   New York University (Estados Unidos), Paredes Micaela
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de la primera etapa de la obra poética de Winétt de Rokha, con el fin de identificar el tránsito que se produce del modernismo a la vanguardia y los elementos formales que la poeta utiliza en la búsqueda y desarrollo de una voz poética propia. Para dicho fin se hace una selección de fragmentos representativos de sus tres primeros libros: Lo que me dijo el silencio (1915), Horas de sol (1915), ambos firmados como Juana Inés de la Cruz, y Formas del sueño (1927), firmado con su seudónimo definitivo, Winétt de Rokha. Este último libro funciona como punto de inflexión en los temas y tonos que su escritura adquiere en los siguientes poemarios.
Equilibrio y embriaguez en "Ayer" de Juan Emar: la pintura como instinto de supervivencia
Authors:   Universidad de Aconcagua (Chile), Acero Nibaldo
Published: November 2022

Nuestro objetivo central es reflexionar sobre dos conceptos estéticos que cruzan el tercer capítulo de la novela Ayer, de Juan Emar. Nos referimos a los términos de equilibrio y al de embriaguez. La reflexión busca poner en discusión ambas nociones con cuatro materiales a mano: el discurso narrativo de Rubén de Loa (metalepsis de Juan Emar) en la novela Ayer; una pintura de Emar, “Maternidad”; una versión teatral de Ayer, homónima; y algunas de sus “notas de arte”, sistematizadas en un estu-dio realizado por Patricio Lizama. Para que el análisis y la interpretación propicien un desborde de las disciplinas y formatos, estimulando una lectura-tejido, proponemos la herramienta de análisis denominada mise en abyme. Asimismo, el trabajo se relacionará con algunas de las apreciaciones estéticas de Friedrich Nietzsche. De esta manera, esperamos orbitar lo que llamaremos aquí como “paisaje interno” de un artista.
De Rimbaud a Lalo Cura en la narrativa de Bolaño: la herida que no cierra
Authors:   Seoul National University (Corea), Macías María Claudia
Published: November 2022

Este artículo considera la influencia de Arthur Rimbaud sobre Roberto Bolaño, la cual reconoció en sus obras de ficción, en sus ensayos y entrevistas. Dicha influencia ha sido ampliamente citada en estudios precedentes. Sin embargo, este artículo revisa la particular manera en que el poeta francés alimentó el imaginario de Bolaño en cuanto a la temática de la violencia, comparando con la influencia de Rimbaud en los escritores chilenos que admiraba Bolaño. La vida y obra del poeta maldito incide en la configuración del personaje Lalo Cura, en una historia que conecta tres de las novelas más importantes de Bolaño. La reflexión de Gilles Deleuze sobre acontecimiento y herida, a partir de Joe Bousquet, nos permitirá com-prender todas las violencias como una sola experiencia que se repite y se hereda a través de la historia.
Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network Based Early Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases using Electrocardiogram Signals for Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tamilselvan T , Sharma Om Prakash
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is important for early diagnosis of heart abnormalities. Type 2 diabetic individuals’ ECG signals provide pertinent data about their heart and are one of the most important diagnostic techniques used by doctors to identify Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifies the features linked to normal and abnormal stage ECG signal. Aim: To analyse ECG signals of type 2 diabetic patients for early prediction of CVDs using feature extraction and bidirectional RNN based classification. Materials and Methods: This was a secondary data-based modelling study at Shri Ramasamy Memorial University Sikkim, India from December 2020 to January 2022. Different noises were removed by hybrid preprocessing filter made up of a Median and Savitzky-Golay filter. Undecimated Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (UDTCWT) along with Detrended fluctuation (DA) analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis were then used to extract features. These features were classified with Bidirectional RNN. Results: The proposed method was tested on the MIT-BIH, Physionet and DICARDIA databases, and the findings showed that it achieves an average accuracy of 97.6% when compared to the conventional techniques. Conclusion: The proposed method proves to be the most effective way for detecting anomalies in ECG signals in both the early and pathological stages. This method is also effective to diagnose the early intervention of cardiovascular symptoms.
Aesthetic and Functional Rehabilitation with Prosthetic Approach and Vertical Dimension Occlusion Increase: A Case Report
Authors: Ã–zi?Ã§i Ã–zlem
Published: November 2022

Prosthetic rehabilitation of severely worn teeth with loss of vertical dimension is difficult due to limited space and the need for complex treatments. To improve aesthetics, maintain anterior tooth relationships, and provide space for the prosthesis, effective treatment alternatives are needed to increase the Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD). This will reduce the need for invasive procedures and endodontic treatments. For optimum treatment, accurate measurements of the OVD, interocclusal resting area, and central relationship recordings are needed. The contours of the facial soft tissues should be examined. Before beginning the full mouth rehabilitation, it should be kept in mind that severe abrasion does not always result in the loss of vertical dimension, and it does not necessarily eliminate all defective occlusal interactions. In preventive and restorative dentistry, managing tooth wear and attrition is a fascinating subject. One of the treatment alternatives after a confirmed diagnosis is full mouth reconstruction along with identifying the sources. It is complex and difficult to manage dental attrition. A clinical evaluation of the patient following the cementation of temporary fixed restorations or the use of a diagnostic splint or temporary removable prosthesis can assist in determining the OVD. It is recommended to utilise fixed restorations rather than a removable appliance to increase OVD since patient adaptation is predictable. In the present case, the vertical dimension was restored with an improvement in both function and aesthetics, providing a satisfactory clinical outcome.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Career Choice among Medical Postgraduate Aspirants in Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saravanan Raghul , Swetha NB , Thatiparthi Stephen , Eashwar VM Anantha
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Many frontline workers including doctors and nurses have succumbed to the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID19) pandemic. In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical postgraduate (PG) aspirants had to deal with a variety of problems, including an increased workload, delay in National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) PG test and counselling. Aim: To assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and various factors influencing career choice among medical PG aspirants in Chennai. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from August 2021 to September 2021 among 272 medical Postgraduate (PG) aspirants. A Google form questionnaire was sent to students who were in an internship in the past six months or had completed their internship in the past one year. There were 28 multiple choice questions comprising of socio-demographic details (with exception of age) and various factors related to career choice. Five questions were scored yes/no, and 15 questions were scored using 5-point Likert scale. Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.41±1.81 years and there were 129 males and 143 females in total among the study participants. Change in career choice was observed in 39.33% of the participants. The top two choices prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic was General Surgery and General Medicine. Among the participants who had a change in career choice, the mean score of four questions in COVID-19 pandemic domain was higher when compared with participants who had no change. Conclusion: Most of the participants believed that the COVID-19 pandemic limited the learning opportunities for postgraduates and the violence against doctors had an impact on their decision to pursue a particular career. Due to the present pandemic, participants interest in community medicine and infectious diseases has increased.
Export Competitiveness of Mango in India
Authors: Muthulakshmi K. , Thilagavathi M. , Shivakumar K. M. Shivakumar , Duraisamy M. R. , Kavino M. , Gowri M. Uma
Published: November 2022

India is one of the leading producers of mango in the world, contributing more than half of the global mango supply. India exported 27,872.77 MT of mangoes in 2021–2022. Due to the Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary issues, India's export share in recent years was insignificant. Hence, this study focussed on estimating the export competitiveness of mango from the year 2006 to 2020 for India and major exporting countries. The study analysed the time series data of mango and total agricultural commodity export for India and major competitive countries at world level, which have arrived from Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority and UN Comtrade. This have been resulted in positive value where Thailand, Pakistan and Brazil had Revealed Comparative Advantages values greater than one throughout the period. It indicated that, these countries had comparative advantages of mangoes. The RCA value of India was below one. However, by following Good Agricultural practices (GAPs), Indian mangoes might still find a market on a worldwide scale.
A Note on the New Method of Computing the Inverse of 3 x 3 Square Matrices and Its Applications
Authors: Lassong Binandam Stephen , Adu Isaac , Dasumani Munkaila , Sarfo Kwesi Frempong
Published: November 2022

Computing the inverse of 3 x 3 square matrices using known methods such as Gauss-Jordon Method needs more time. During examination, candidates need to go through long process to find the inverse of 3 x 3 square matrices. Some students also find it very difficult and confusing when using Gauss-Jordon and Adjugate methods to find the inverse of the matrix. In this note, we present a new method that is simple and easy way of finding the inverse of 3 x 3 square matrices. We further give some applications of matrices in the real world phenomenon. Many other challenging problems can be addressed surprisingly by applying this strategy.
Success Factors Informing the Choice of a Builder for Owner-Build Incremental Housing in the Global South: A Study from Ghana
Authors: Somiah Matthew Kwaw , Manu Isaac Yaw , Kissi-Asare Frank , Cudjoe Francis
Published: November 2022

Whereas the factors informing the choice of a builder in public sector procurement are known, there is a lack of country-specific studies that investigated the factors informing the choice of a builder for owner-build incremental housing although it had been the dominant means of homeownership in the Global South. This current study determined the underlying success factors informing the choice of a builder for owner-build incremental housing in Ghana and, established the relative influence of each of the underlying factors. A structured questionnaire and structured interview helped in data collection. Data were analysed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Relative Importance Index (RII). Thirty-five (35) underlying factors, organized under six main factors, informed the choice of a builder for owner-build incremental housing in Ghana. Each recorded a significant RII value from 0.80 to 0.94. Adequacy factors, Cost-based factors, Time-based factors, and Quality-based factors were consistent with the theoretical framework that underpinned the study. Client-builder relationships and Ghana-specific factors were unique to this Ghana study. In terms of civil and construction engineering practices, this study has offered an understanding of how owner-builders choose builders for owner-build incremental housing.
Alkaline Diuresis as Treatment for 2, 4-D Dimethylamine Herbicide Intoxication: A Case Report
Authors: Jindal Nitesh , Sirohi Tanu Raj , Kumar Patamsetti Anil , Shoeb Mohammad , Shabarish Gali , Sowmya Pediredla Sri
Published: November 2022

The use of 2, 4-D dimethylamine is expanding as a result of the rise in glyphosate and paraquat resistance in weeds [1]. Instances of 2,4D dimethylamine intoxication have been on the rise. This herbicide exhibits a range of dose-dependent harmful mechanisms, including cell membrane destruction, disruption of acetyl coenzyme A metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling [2]. The neurological system, heart, lungs, liver, muscles, and endocrine system may all be affected by toxic effects [3]. Results in male cases are fatal [2,4]. The usefulness of alkaline diuresis as a life-saving treatment for 2,4-D dimethylamine poisoning with severe symptoms is discussed in this paper. 2, 4-D dimethylamine intoxication can be fatal if not treated promptly.  There is no particular antidote and alkaline diuresis shows good result in the patient who present with severe intoxication of 2, 4-D dimethylamine.
Front Line Demonstration of Paddy Drum Seeder (8 Row) under Well Irrigated Rice in Nalgonda District, Telangana
Authors: Bharath T. , Ramya V. Sri , Shankaraiah M. , Shankar M. , Pallavi S. , Himabindu T. , Ramulamma A. , Kiran A. Sai
Published: November 2022

Front line demonstration was conducted on drum seeding technology the farmers, assessment of drum seeder implement was done with the assistance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar, Nalgonda under Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana for consequently three years during Kharif, from 2018-19 to 2020-21. The comparison was made between drum seeding technology and manual transplanting with an objective to reduction of cost of cultivation and subsequently increase farmer’s net returns. Frontline Demonstrations revealed that, there were more number of tillers (395) and panicles (370)/m2 in direct seeded technology with drum seeder compared to farmer’s practice (365 and 346/ m2). Drum seeder technology influence plant height (68.2cm), number of tillers/m2 (395) and yield attributes viz., Number panicles m-2 (370), length of panicle (16.9 cm) and Number of grains / panicle (182). Direct seeded technology with drum seeder has recorded higher grain yield (6,512 kg ha-1) which was 6.4 per cent over farmer’s practice (6,094 kg ha-1) with a net saving of Rs. 8,990/- on the cost of cultivation ha-1. The Gross returns and net returns (Rs.1, 20,795and Rs. 69, 265/ha) by the drum seeder method were more compared to farmer’s practice (Rs.1, 13,036/ha and Rs. 52, 516/ha).
Increasing Greengram Productivity with ICM Practices under Rice Fallow Conditions through CFLD in Srikakulam District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Amarajyoti P. , Mounika B. , Kumar G. Naven , Naidu D. Chinnam
Published: November 2022

The Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) on Greengram was conducted in 50 locations during two consecutive years 2019-20 and 2020-21 in 3 villages namely K. P. Valasa, Kongaram and Ambavilli of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, during Rabi season 2019-20 and 2020- 21 under rice fallow conditions to demonstrate yield and economic benefit of improved technology in crop management and taking up of complete package of practices for greengram. The findings of the study discovered that enhanced technology (ICM) recorded the mean yield of 494 kg/ha which was 30.8 per cent increased than obtained in farmers’ practice (377.5 kg/ha). Superior mean net income of Rs.19390/ha with a Benefit : Cost ratio of 2.2 was obtained with ICM technologies in contrast to farmers’ practices (Rs. 12758/ha). Further, it was also revealed that the taking up of enhanced technologies notably augmented the yield as well as yield attributing characters of greengram crop and also the net returns of the farmers. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to spread the enhanced technologies among the farmers with efficient extension methods like training and demonstrations. The farmers’ be supposed to be encouraged to take on the recommended package of practices for realizing higher net returns.
A Study of Cancer Antigen-125 as a Diagnostic Marker in Tuberculous and Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Allah Abeer Gamal Gab , Mohamed Ahmed Shawky , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey El-Din , El-Shimy Wafaa Saleh
Published: November 2022

Background: Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) was first identified as an ovary-specific tumor indicator but subsequently shown that inflammation exists even in the absence of polymorphism leads to this marker to rise. Multiple locations of tuberculosis (TB) produce an increase in serum antigen levels. This research objects to estimate the diagnostic value of CA-125 and to establish the cut-off value, distinguishing tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion.

Methods: This prospective analytic case control study involved 90 subjects above 18 years old and with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and parapneumonic effusion (PPE). Subjects were equally allocated into 3 groups: group I "Tuberculous": subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of TPE, group II "Malignant": subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of MPE and group III "Control": subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of PPE.

Results: There was positive significant correlation among CA-125 in serum and pleural fluid in tuberculous effusion group (group I) and in malignant effusion group (group II).

Conclusions: For reliable detection of pleural effusion cause, serum and pleural fluid CA-125 might be included to the pleural fluid diagnostic workup.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility in Men
Authors: Halpern Joshua A. , Davis Andrew M. , Brannigan Robert E.
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes guidelines on identifying and addressing infertility in men from the American Urological Association and American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Role Reversal
Authors: Brekke-Riedl Julia
Published: November 2022

In this narrative essay, a medical student discusses how observing a patient interacting with her adult daughter was a reminder of the ways in which the roles will eventually be reversed in her relationship with her own young daughter.
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines With Development of Autism Spectrum and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
Authors: Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Wu Shu-I , Lin Chiao-Fan , Lu Mong-Liang , Chen Yi-Lung , Stewart Robert
Published: November 2022

Importance

Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines is reported to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders among children, but associations of maternal genetic confounding with neurodevelopmental disorders among children have not been taken into consideration.

Objective

To ascertain whether prenatal benzodiazepine exposure was associated with development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used linked data from birth certificate registration and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2017, on 1 138 732 mothers with 1 516 846 live births between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2021, and September 19, 2022.

Exposure

Benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy (first trimester to third trimester) was defined as having at least one benzodiazepine prescription dispensed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were ADHD and ASD.

Results

There were 1 516 846 children (mean [SD] gestational age, 38.5 [1.8] years; 789 455 boys [52.0%]) born full term who were younger than 14 years of age and followed up to 2017; 5.0% of the children (n = 76 411) were exposed to a benzodiazepine during pregnancy. Benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy was associated with increased risks of ADHD (first trimester exposure: hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.20-1.28]; second trimester exposure: HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.21-1.34]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.14-1.37]) and ASD (first trimester exposure: HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.21]; second trimester exposure: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.98-1.22]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.00-1.47]). However, no differences were found with unexposed sibling controls during the same time frame for ADHD (first trimester exposure: HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.00]; second trimester exposure: HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.78-1.01]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.83-1.41]) or ASD (first trimester exposure: HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.75-1.14]; second trimester exposure: HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71-1.33]; third trimester exposure: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.53-2.16]). Similar findings were also noted in the stratification analysis of short-acting and long-acting benzodiazepines.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that previously described adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy were likely to be accounted for by maternal genetic confounding.
Risk of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Following Postmastectomy Implant Reconstruction in Women With Breast Cancer and Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Authors: Kinslow Connor J. , DeStephano David M. , Rohde Christine H. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Cheng Simon K. , Neugut Alfred I. , Horowitz David P.
Published: November 2022

This cohort study examines the risk of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) following postmastectomy implant reconstruction among US women with breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Near‐Infrared Mechanoluminescence of Cr3+ Doped Gallate Spinel and Magnetoplumbite Smart Materials
Authors: Liu Shengqiang , Zheng Yuantian , Peng Dengfeng , Zhao Jing , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: November 2022

Mechanoluminescence (ML), as an optical response to deformation stimuli, shows great potential in high‐end stress sensing, ultrasonic field visualization, and multidimensional anti‐counterfeiting. However, processive practical applications in bio‐medicine are constrained by the discovery of near‐infrared (NIR) ML materials. Unlike lanthanides (Ln3+) with sharp multiplets, two kinds of Cr3+‐doped NIR ML materials, gallate spinel (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+, Zn3Ga2GeO8:Cr3+) and gallate magnetoplumbite (SrGa12O19:Cr3+) are here reported. Owing to the intrinsic cation antisite defects and cation vacancies in the matrix, these materials exhibit bright NIR ML under a relatively low load (20 N). In particular for SrGa12O19:Cr3+ (750 nm, peak; 100 nm, FWHM) with low persistent luminescence (PersL) interference, the ML behavior can be further rejuvenated under UV and sunlight irradiation. SrGa12O19:Cr3+ also shows bright NIR emission under photo‐ and thermo‐stimulation. Owing to their excellent tissue penetration and concealment capability, NIR ML materials show great potential in the fields of bio‐medicine and anti‐counterfeiting.
Room‐Temperature Metal‐Catalyzed Ultrafast Gasification of Ultrathin Boron Flakes
Authors: Liu Shizhuo , Liao PeiChi , Wei Wei , Han Erxun , Wang Yunkun , Tian Huifeng , Li Ruijie , Pan Jiaqi , Zhang Chi , Li Hao , Li Yifei , Yao Zhixin , Li Zhenjiang , Yang Zhang Lina , Li Zhiyun , Huang Rong , Gao Yunan , Guo Junjie , Chen Ji , Cui Yi , Liu Lei
Published: November 2022

The trivalent outer shell of boron renders this element electron‐poor but chemically rich, exhibiting more than one dozen allotropes. Its 2D polymorph has been recently synthesized on metal substrates under ultrahigh vacuum and has attracted intense interest. However, probing its properties ex situ has been challenging due to the quality degradation—surface oxidation—that occurs upon exposure to ambient environments. Herein, this surface chemistry is investigated in regard to the air stability of ultrathin boron flakes on metals prepared by atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapor deposition. The characteristic Volmer–Weber growth is recognized by the stacking of polygon‐shaped, thin flakes as isolated islands. Significantly, the metal‐catalyzed, ultrafast gasification of boron flakes at room temperature, exemplified by the complete, spontaneous vanishment of 200 nm‐thick boron islands in 3 h is observed. A two‐step mechanism, first oxygen‐involved surface oxidation and then subsequent reactions with water forming a highly volatile boric acid layer, is unambiguously revealed by combined surface characterizations. The catalysis by metal substrates, corroborated by theoretical calculations, is attributed as the crucial cause of the unprecedented gasification. The concept of oxygen‐free growth is thereby proposed for air‐sensitive material growth by introducing in situ oxygen scavengers. These findings significantly expand the fundamental understanding of the surface chemistry of boron and pave the way for the chemical vapor deposition growth of hydrophobic materials.
Within or Without You? A Perspective Comparing In Situ and Ex Situ Tissue Engineering Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair
Authors: O'Connell Cathal D. , Duchi Serena , Onofrillo Carmine , Caballero‐Aguilar Lilith M. , Trengove Anna , Doyle Stephanie E. , Zywicki Wiktor J. , Pirogova Elena , Di Bella Claudia
Published: November 2022

Human articular cartilage has a poor ability to self‐repair, meaning small injuries often lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and debilitating condition which is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Existing clinical strategies generally do not regenerate hyaline type cartilage, motivating research toward tissue engineering solutions. Prospective cartilage tissue engineering therapies can be placed into two broad categories: i) Ex situ strategies, where cartilage tissue constructs are engineered in the lab prior to implantation and ii) in situ strategies, where cells and/or a bioscaffold are delivered to the defect site to stimulate chondral repair directly. While commonalities exist between these two approaches, the core point of distinction—whether chondrogenesis primarily occurs “within” or “without” (outside) the body—can dictate many aspects of the treatment. This difference influences decisions around cell selection, the biomaterials formulation and the surgical implantation procedure, the processes of tissue integration and maturation, as well as, the prospects for regulatory clearance and clinical translation. Here, ex situ and in situ cartilage engineering strategies are compared: Highlighting their respective challenges, opportunities, and prospects on their translational pathways toward long term human cartilage repair.
Where Microneedle Meets Biomarkers: Futuristic Application for Diagnosing and Monitoring Localized External Organ Diseases
Authors: Himawan Achmad , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Permana Andi Dian , Sudir Sumarheni , Nurdin Airin R. , Nislawati Ririn , Hasyim Rafikah , Scott Christopher J. , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: November 2022

Extracellular tissue fluids are interesting biomatrices that have recently attracted scientists' interest. Many significant biomarkers for localized external organ diseases have been isolated from this biofluid. In the diagnostic and disease monitoring context, measuring biochemical entities from the fluids surrounding the diseased tissues may give more important clinical value than measuring them at a systemic level. Despite all these facts, pushing tissue fluid‐based diagnosis and monitoring forward to clinical settings faces one major problem: its accessibility. Most extracellular tissue fluid, such as interstitial fluid (ISF), is abundant but hard to collect, and the currently available technologies are invasive and expensive. This is where novel microneedle technology can help tackle this significant obstacle. The ability of microneedle technology to minimally invasively access tissue fluid‐containing biomarkers will enable ISF and other tissue fluid utilization in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of localized diseases. This review attempts to present the current pursuit of the application of microneedle systems as a diagnostic and monitoring platform, along with the recent progress of biomarker detection in diagnosing and monitoring localized external organ diseases. Then, the potential use of various microneedles in future clinical diagnostics and monitoring of localized diseases is discussed by presenting the currently studied cases.
Antitumor Activity of Anti‐miR‐21 Delivered through Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zhongkun , Huang Yirui , Li Jing , Su Fei , Kuo Jimmy Chun‐Tien , Hu Yingwen , Zhao Xiaobin , Lee Robert J.
Published: November 2022

The ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver nucleic acids have shown a great therapeutic potential to treat a variety of diseases. Here, an optimized formulation of QTsome lipid nanoparticles (QTPlus) is utilized to deliver an anti‐miR‐21 (AM21) against cancer. The miR‐21 downstream gene regulation and antitumor activity is evaluated using mouse and human cancer cells and macrophages. The antitumor activity of QTPlus encapsulating AM21 (QTPlus‐AM21) is further evaluated in combination with erlotinib and atezolizumab (ATZ). QTPlus‐AM21 demonstrates a superior miR‐21‐dependent gene regulation and eventually inhibits A549 non‐small cell lung cancer growth in vitro. QTPlus‐AM21 further induces chemo‐sensitization of A549 cells to erlotinib with a combination index of 0.6 in inhibiting A549 cell growth. When systemically administers to MC38 tumor‐bearing mouse model, QTPlus‐AM21 exhibits an antitumor immune response with over 80% tumor growth inhibition (TGI%) and over twofold and fourfold PD‐1 and PD‐L1 upregulation in tumors and spleens. The combination therapy of QTPlus‐AM21 and ATZ further shows a higher antitumor response (TGI% over 90%) and successfully increases M1 macrophages and CD8 T cells into TME. This study provides new insights into the antitumor mechanism of AM21 and shows great promise of QTPlus‐AM21 in combination with chemotherapies and immunotherapies.
Self‐Healing Electronics for Prognostic Monitoring of Methylated Circulating Tumor DNAs
Authors: Fang Peilin , Ji Xianglin , Zhao Xi , Yan‐Do Richard , Wan Youyang , Wang Ying , Zhang Yuanting , Shi Peng
Published: November 2022

Methylated circulating DNAs (ctDNAs) have recently been reported as a promising biomarker for early cancer diagnostics, but limited tools are currently available for continuous and dynamic profiling of ctDNAs and their methylation levels, especially when such assays need to be conducted in point‐of‐care (POC) scenarios. Here, a self‐healing bioelectronic patch (iMethy) is developed that combines transdermal interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction and field effect transistor‐based (FET‐based) biosensing for dynamic monitoring of methylated ctDNAs as a prognostic approach for cancer risk management. The projection micro‐stereolithography‐based 3D patterning of an Eutectic Gallium‐Indium (EGaIn) circuit with an unprecedented 10 µm resolution enables the construction of self‐healing EGaIn microfluidic circuits that remain conductive under 100% strain and self‐healing under severe destruction. In combination with continuous transdermal ISF sampling of methylated ctDNAs, iMethy can detect ctDNAs as low as 10−16 m in cellular models and is capable of phenotypic analysis of tumor growth in rodent animals. As the first demonstration of a wearable device for real‐time in vivo analysis of disease‐indicative biomarkers, this proof‐of‐concept study well demonstrated the potential of the iMethy platform for cancer risk management based on dynamic transdermal surveillance of methylated ctDNAs via a painless and self‐administrable procedure.
Tension‐Induced Cavitation in Li‐Metal Stripping
Authors: Wang Chunyang , Lin Ruoqian , He Yubin , Zou Peichao , Kisslinger Kim , He Qi , Li Ju , Xin Huolin L.
Published: November 2022

Designing stable Li metal and supporting solid structures (SSS) is of fundamental importance in rechargeable Li‐metal batteries. Yet, the stripping kinetics of Li metal and its mechanical effect on the supporting solids (including solid electrolyte interface) remain mysterious to date. Here, through nanoscale in situ observations of a solid‐state Li‐metal battery in an electron microscope, two distinct cavitation‐mediated Li stripping modes controlled by the ratio of the SSS thickness (t) to the Li deposit's radius (r) are discovered. A quantitative criterion is established to understand the damage tolerance of SSS on the Li‐metal stripping pathways. For mechanically unstable SSS (t/r < 0.21), the stripping proceeds via tension‐induced multisite cavitation accompanied by severe SSS buckling and necking, ultimately leading to Li “trapping” or “dead Li” formation; for mechanically stable SSS (t/r > 0.21), the Li metal undergoes nearly planar stripping from the root via single cavitation, showing negligible buckling. This work proves the existence of an electronically conductive precursor film coated on the interior of solid electrolytes that however can be mechanically damaged, and it is of potential importance to the design of delicate Li‐metal supporting structures to high‐performance solid‐state Li‐metal batteries.
Advances in Materials and Technologies for Gas Sensing from Environmental and Food Monitoring to Breath Analysis
Authors: Milone Angelo , Monteduro Anna Grazia , Rizzato Silvia , Leo Angelo , Di Natale Corrado , Kim Sang Sub , Maruccio Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Gas sensing research experiences a worldwide revival in the last years. From one side, the emergence of novel sensing materials enables unprecedented capacities for improving the device performances. From the other, the increasing opportunities for applications impacting current societal priorities highly motivate further studies. Herein, this field is reviewed with special attention to the emerging approaches and the most recent breakthroughs, challenges, and perspectives. In particular, this study focuses on: 1) the sensing layers analyzing recent trends toward nanostructured, low‐dimensional and composite materials; and 2) the latest achievements and targets in terms of applications, from environmental monitoring to food aroma identification and quality control up to the healthcare sector with breath analysis and diseases diagnosis.
Submicron Vertical Channel Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Ultrahigh Transconductance
Authors: Koutsouras Dimitrios A. , Torricelli Fabrizio , Blom Paul W.M.
Published: November 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) belong to the class of electrolyte gated organic transistors (EGOTs) that offer a smooth interface with biology in combination with high transconductance values of typically a few mS. Fabrication‐wise, though, most of the up‐to‐date reported devices are limited to two dimensional structures, where the transistor channel is patterned on the same plane as the source and drain electrodes. Here, a method is introduced for the fabrication of integrated vertical channel OECTs (vOECTs) with submicron channel length. By employing electrodeposition, a vertical channel sandwiched between the source and drain electrodes is created. Channel lengths down to 60 nm are demonstrated, giving rise to ultrahigh transconductance of up to 275 mS. Accounting for the voltage loss on the device connection tracks, an intrinsic transconductance of vOECTs of 500 mS is found. The vOECTs are three‐dimensional transistors finding relevant application in “organ‐on‐a‐chip” and implantable devices, where high amplification and small footprint are demanded.
Simulation of high‐concentration self‐interactions for monoclonal antibodies from well‐behaved to poorly‐behaved systems
Authors: Forder James K. , Ilott Andrew J. , Sahin Erinc , Roberts Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

Attractive self‐interactions of therapeutic proteins are linked to problematic solution behaviors at high protein concentrations such as reversible or irreversible aggregation, high viscosity, opalescence, phase separation, and low solubility. Prediction of attractive self‐interactions early in development can improve the processes of formulation development and candidate selection. To that end, a coarse‐grained model with explicit representation of charged sites was used to accurately predict a broad range of protein self‐interactions at high protein concentrations (up to 160 mg/ml) for multiple monoclonal antibodies and formulations, including strong electrostatic attractions, with static light scattering measurements at low protein concentrations as the only experimental input. In addition, Mayer‐weighted electrostatic energies for charged residues from these simulations can contribute to understanding of electrostatic interactions and guide the development of protein variants.
Improved graph‐based multitask learning model with sparse sharing for quantitative structure–property relationship prediction of drug molecules
Authors: Hu Haoyang , Bai Yunke , Yuan Zhihong
Published: November 2022

The quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) is a fundamental technique for evaluating and screening potentially valuable molecules in the field of drug discovery. There is an urgent need to speed up pharmaceutical research and development and a huge chemical space to explore, which necessitate effective and precise computer‐aided QSPR modeling methods. Previous studies with various deep learning models are limited because they are trained on separate small datasets, known as the small‐sample problem. Using transfer learning, this article describes a sparse sharing method that uses advanced graph‐based models to construct an efficient and reasonable multitask learning workflow for QSPR prediction. The proposed workflow is systematically and comprehensively tested with four benchmark datasets containing different targets, and several precisely predicted molecular examples are illustrated. The results demonstrate that an obvious improvement in the prediction of molecular properties is achieved, along with the ability to predict multiple properties simultaneously.
A novel octamolybdate‐based organic–inorganic hybrid as photo‐Fenton‐like catalyst for degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Qian‐Qian , Cui Zi‐Wei , Shi Shuang , Long Jian‐Ying , Wang Xiu‐Li , Fei Bao‐Li
Published: November 2022

A γ‐Mo8O26‐based organic–inorganic hybrid [Cu2(L)2(γ‐Mo8O26)0.5(H2O)]•H2O (CuLMo8) [L = 5‐(pyrimidyl)tetrazolate] was hydrothermally synthesized and fully characterized by various spectral techniques. In the crystal structure of CuLMo8, the μ2‐bridging γ‐Mo8 anion coordinates with Cu ions to extend into a 2D network. CuLMo8 displayed excellent photo‐Fenton‐like catalyst properties for MB degradation under UV light irradiation. Complete decolorization of MB solution was finished in 5 min, and the degradation rate reached 97.9% in 7 min. The degradation rate of the present system was much higher than that of similar systems in the literature. The synergistic effect of CuLMo8 and H2O2 was the fundamental reason for the high degradation rate. Initial pH value and concentration of MB solution, catalyst dosage, and concentration of H2O2 were the main factors to affect the degradation rate. Hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2H/O2•‐) radicals were the major reactive species to degrade MB molecules. Moreover, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was about 37.5% in 3 h, indicating mineralization and decolorization did not take place at the same time. The possible MB degradation pathway was deduced depending on the data gained. In view of the high catalytic efficiency, repeated use, and no need to adjust the pH value of MB solution, this heterogeneous catalyst might have potential to deal with practical wastewater.
What is the ecological footprint of aquaculture after 5 decades of competition between mangrove conservation and shrimp farm development?
Authors: Ofori Samuel A. , Kodikara Sunanda K. A. , Jayatissa Loku P. , Madarasinghe Sanduni K. , Nijamdeen T. W. G. F. Mafaziya , Dahdouh‐Guebas Farid
Published: November 2022

Among the several threats to the conservation of mangrove ecosystems in most South Asian countries, shrimp farming is predominant. Since the introduction of shrimp farming in Sri Lanka in the 1980s, mangroves on the island’s north‐western coast have been continually cleared to create new shrimp farms, leading to a decline in the social‐ecological services provided by the mangrove ecosystems.

Using aerial (1973) and satellite (1996–2020) images, this study assessed areal changes in mangroves and shrimp farms in the Pambala‐Chilaw lagoon complex and Ihala Mahawewa, as well as the ecological footprint of shrimp farming in the study area.

Mangroves around the Chilaw lagoon had decreased in areal extent by 45% from 1973 to 2020 of which 92% of this change was attributed to shrimp farming. There was, however, a decrease in the areal extent of shrimp farms from 2001 to 2020, and a corresponding increase in mangroves from 2006 to 2020.

The ecological footprint of shrimp farming was assessed by comparing the expected surface ratios with those recorded for shrimp farms with mangroves and surface water bodies in the study area from 1973 to 2020. The results showed that the current shrimp farming was unsustainable (i.e. high ecological footprint).

While the results support the current view that there is cause for cautious optimism with mangrove conservation (as evidenced by an increase in mangrove areal extent), it also reveals that semi‐intensive shrimp farming in Sri Lanka and probably other similar tropical countries is unsustainable.

If immediate actions such as effective regulation of shrimp farming activities and mangrove restoration are not taken, the mangrove ecosystem will continue to decline.
A single‐cell surgery microfluidic device for transplanting tumor cytoplasm into dendritic cells without nuclei mixing
Authors: Okeyo Kennedy Omondi , Hiyaji Ryuta , Oana Hidehiro
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of generating tumor cell vaccine models by single‐cell surgery in a microfluidic device that integrates one‐to‐one electrofusion, shear flow reseparation, and on‐device culture. The device was microfabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and consisted of microorifices (aperture size: ∼3 μm) for one‐to‐one fusion, and microcages for on‐device culture. Using the device, we could achieve one‐to‐one electrofusion of leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC‐like cells) and Jurkat cells with a fusion efficiency of ∼ 80%. Fusion via the narrow microorifices allowed DC‐like cells to acquire cytoplasmic contents of the Jurkat cells while preventing nuclei mixing. After fusion, the DC‐like cells were selectively reseparated from the Jurkat cells by shear flow application to generate tumor nuclei‐free antigen‐recipient DC‐like (tarDC‐like) cells. When cultured as single cells on the device, these cells could survive under gentle medium perfusion with a median survival time of 11.5 h, although a few cells could survive longer than 36 h. Overall, this study demonstrates single‐cell surgery in a microfluidic device for potential generation of dendritic cell vaccines which are uncontaminated with tumor nucleic materials. We believe that this study will inspire the generation of safer tumor cell vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.