bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure simulations of open-hole and unnotched IM7/977-3 coupons subjected to quasi-static loading using Autodesk Helius PFA
Authors: Dalgarno Richard W , Action Jason E , Robbins Donald H , Engelstad Stephen P
Published: June 2016

Finite element simulations of three laminates in open-hole and unnotched configurations subjected to tension and compression quasi-static loading are investigated as part of the Damage Tolerant Design Principles program organized by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The coupons are made from unidirectional IM7/977-3 plies, which are a composite material composed of intermediate modulus carbon fibers and a toughened epoxy matrix. Blind simulations of coupon stiffness, nominal coupon stress at failure and damage evolution are benchmarked against experimental measurements and X-rays. The blind simulations are followed by a second round of simulations where the modeling strategy is modified to improve agreement between the simulations and experiments. In the present article, the commercial software Autodesk Helius PFA is used to model the non-linear response of the composite material. Within Helius PFA, failure is evaluated at the constituent level by extracting the fiber and matrix volume average stress state from the homogenized composite stress state. The relationships between the composite and constituents are developed using multicontinuum theory and a high-fidelity micromechanics model.
Postfocal Downstep in German
Authors: Kügler Frank , Féry Caroline
Published: June 2016

This article is a follow-up study of Féry and Kügler (2008. Pitch accent scaling on given, new and focused constituents in German. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 680–703). It reports on an experiment of the F0 height of potential pitch accents in the postfocal region of German sentences and addresses in this way an aspect of the influence of information structure on the intonation of sentences that was left open in the previous article. The results of the experiment showed that, when several constituents are located in this position, they are often in a downstep relation, but are rarely upstepped. In 37% of the cases, the pitch accents are only realized dynamically and there is no down- or upstepping. We interpret these results as evidence that postfocal constituents are phrased independently. The data examined speak against a model of postfocal intonation in which postfocal phrasing is eliminated and all accents are reduced to zero. Instead, the pitch accents are often present, although reduced. Moreover, the facts support the existence of prosodic phrasing of the postfocal constituents; the postfocal position implies an extremely compressed register, but no dephrasing or systematic complete deaccentuation of all pitch accents. We propose adopting a model of German intonation in which prosodic phrasing is determined by syntactic structure and cannot be changed by information structure. The role of information structure in prosody is limited to changes in the register relationship of the different parts of the sentence. Prefocally, there is no or only little register compression because of givenness. Postfocally, register compression is the rule. A model of intonation must take this asymmetry into account.
‘*Why you can’t ask a proper question?’ – The Learning Difficulties of Hong Kong ESL Students
Authors: Lee Jackie F.K.
Published: June 2016

Despite the high frequency of occurrences of wh-interrogatives in daily use, there are repeated negative comments about the poor mastery of the wh-interrogative structure among Hong Kong students. However, so far little attention has been paid to their difficulties in the acquisition of the structure. There is a strong need to understand what linguistic knowledge they possess, and identify the learning difficulties in order to seek ways to address them. This study obtained its quantitative data from three classes of Hong Kong Secondary 3 students through a written test and an oral test. The major learning difficulties found include the word order transfer from the Chinese language, failure to use correct verb phrase structures, and erroneous use of some wh-words ( whose, which, and how) and wh-phrases (e.g. how far, whose bag). The findings also reveal learning difficulties related to learner variables. Students of different English proficiency levels showed wide variation in their understanding of interrogative structures. The pedagogical implications are discussed.
Don’t miss it, it might be a hydatid cyst in the gluteus
Authors: Hasanoglu Imran , Aytekin Mahmut Nedim , Agackiran Yetkin , Ugurlu Mahmut , Guner Rahmet , Tosun Nihat
Published: June 2016

Hydatid cyst is one of the five most diagnosed zoonotic diseases in the Mediterranean region. However, intramuscular localisation is very rare. It is reported that muscular involvement constitutes 1–5.4% of all Echinococcus infections. Here we would like to report an unusual case of hydatid cyst in the gluteus muscle, which had been treated with both surgical and medical treatment.
“They Did It”: The Effects of Emotionalized Blame Attribution in Populist Communication
Authors: Hameleers Michael , Bos Linda , de Vreese Claes H.
Published: June 2016

How can we explain the persuasiveness of populist messages, and who are most susceptible to their effects? These questions remain largely unanswered in extant research. This study argues that populist messages are characterized by assigning blame to elites in an emotionalized way. As previous research pointed at the guiding influence of blame attributions and emotions on political attitudes, these message characteristics may explain populism’s persuasiveness. An experiment using a national sample ( N = 721) was conducted to provide insights into the effects of and mechanisms underlying populist blame attribution with regard to the European and national levels of governance. The results show that emotionalized blame attributions influence both blame perceptions and populist attitudes. Identity attachment moderates these effects: Emotionalized blame attributions have the strongest effects for citizens with weaker identity attachments. These insights allow us to understand how populist messages affect which citizens.
The Contagion of Interstate Violence
Authors: Li Mengyao , Leidner Bernhard , Euh Hyun , Choi Hoon-Seok
Published: June 2016

Five experiments investigated the war contagion phenomenon in the context of international relations, hypothesizing that reminders of past inter- (but not intra-) state war will increase support for future, unrelated interstate violence. After being reminded of the Korean War as an interstate rather than intrastate conflict, South Koreans showed stronger support for violent responses to new, unrelated interstate tensions (Study 1). Replicating this war contagion effect among Americans, we demonstrated that it was mediated by heightened perceived threat from, and negative images of, a fictitious country unrelated to the past war (Study 2), and moderated by national glorification (Study 3). Study 4, using another international conflict in the U.S. history, provided further conceptual replication. Finally, Study 5 included a baseline in addition to the inter- versus intrastate manipulation, yielding further support for the generalized effect of past interstate war reminders on preferences for aggressive approaches to new interstate tensions.
Changes in Individual Sibling Relationships in Response to Life Events
Authors: Spitze Glenna D. , Trent Katherine
Published: June 2016

Data from the first two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households are used to examine how individual sibling relationships change in response to life events in a gendered context. We find union formation is associated with a decline in sibling visits, as is transitioning from part- to full-time work. Becoming a parent increases support from a sibling and remaining childless over time is associated with more exchanges of support. Parental death decreases support to a sibling. Moving farther away lowers the number of visits, exchanges of support, and frequency of phoning or writing. However, for most of the life events examined, we find no significant effects on sibling relationships and little evidence that gender of siblings influences the effects of life events on sibling relationships. We conclude that the nature of individual sibling relationships remains relatively stable in the face of life events.
Shared Vision Among Acute Care Magnet® Hospital Nurses
Authors: Liu Wen , Johantgen Meg , Newhouse Robin
Published: June 2016

Psychometric testing of the Shared Vision (SV) scale that measures team efforts toward common patient-centered goals was initially estimated among rural hospital nurse executives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the scale’s reliability (internal consistency), convergent validity (Pearson correlation with Practice Environment Scale), and structural validity (ordinal confirmatory factor analysis) among acute care Magnet® hospital nurses. The study sample included 289 nurses from 27 acute care Magnet® hospitals. The scale demonstrated acceptable estimates for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .902, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.883, 0.919]), convergent validity ( r = .720, p < .001), and structural validity with a one-factor structure. The findings of this study supported the reliability and validity of the SV scale as a unidimensional construct in measuring SV among nurses in acute care Magnet® hospitals. Further testing among different nursing providers and health care settings is needed to accumulate evidence and expand use of the instrument.
The Rhythm of Echoes and Echoes of Violence
Authors: Vallee Mickey
Published: June 2016

This paper contributes to non-ocularcentric theory and theorizing by way of a methodological application and extension of Henri Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis. It explores the cultural dynamics of echoes and history, using as an instrumental case study Steve Reich’s 1966 tape-loop composition, Come Out, to elucidate the ambivalent and contradictory relations of time, temporality, and possibility. While the focus is primarily on the text of Come Out and its context of police brutality and civil rights, it moreover contributes to an enriched and historically grounded understanding of rhythmanalysis while engaging with rhythmanalysis as a methodology, based on the expanded conception of echoes proposed.
Monastic Records and the Dissolution: A Tudor Revolution in the Archives?
Authors: Harding Vanessa
Published: June 2016

Administrative reform in the 1530s amounted, in Professor Geoffrey Elton’s words, to a ‘Tudor revolution in government’. The Dissolution of the monasteries and the confiscation of their assets played a major part in this. The need to value, survey, document and exploit the monastic estates transformed government record-keeping, necessitating the creation of new offices – such as the Court of Augmentations – and the adoption of new practices and an expanded bureaucracy. The paper traces the response of the bureaucrats to the challenges to record-management resulting from the Dissolution, and the subsequent history of the monasteries’ records of landholding, a task complicated by the activities of later government archivists.
The New Culture of Archives in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Gómez Antonio Castillo
Published: June 2016

What sort of progress took place in the archives of Spain from the late fifteenth to the early seventeenth century? This is the question which this article seeks to answer by reflecting on the nomenclature assigned to various repositories of documentary memory, from ‘chest of privileges’ to ‘archival chamber’, whilst also focusing on the process of ‘archival consolidation’ which took place in different political and institutional spheres, from the Monarchy to municipal government. With this aim in mind, the article will also review a series of official regulations, beginning with the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, which sought both to rein in the disorder and dispersion of royal documents, and to promote the preservation of municipal and notarial papers. Given that no archive can exist without a basic system of order, this study also seeks to address the different forms of organization and control of documentary memory, emphasizing the diverse systems that were adopted and their purposes. This raises a final question, that of the uses of archives, which ranged from serving the needs of different levels of governance and administration, to the organization of an ever-growing body of information and its simultaneous use in the writing of history, as reflected in the work of diverse chroniclers in a period that was increasingly characterized by the practice of local historiography.
Archives of the Mediterranean: Governance and Record-Keeping in the Crown of Aragon in the Long Fifteenth Century
Authors: Silvestri Alessandro
Published: June 2016

From the late medieval period the Crown of Aragon was at the forefront of archival innovation. Culminating in the establishment of the Royal Archive of Barcelona in 1318, this development was not, as is traditionally stated, a mere imitation of external models but the result of an innovative historical process that had its roots in local history and reflected the structure of the Aragonese monarchy. As a result of the later enlargement and decentralization of the Crown, and especially after the advent of the House of Trastámara in 1414, the Aragonese developed an extensive system for record-keeping across the Mediterranean. By focusing on what I describe as a complex archival network, this article analyses a series of administrative developments, which are generally studied in isolation, as interrelated responses to similar needs across disparate and far-flung territories. The results differed within the Iberian dominions (Aragon, Majorca and Valencia) and in the Italian kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, with Sardinia somewhere in between. For all these differences, however, the establishment of a number of financial archives shows that this network had an especially crucial role in defending the royal patrimony in all the territories under the rule of the Crown of Aragon. The authorities also tried to use archives as tools for exercising pressure upon local political elites, as demonstrated, for instance, by the systematic inquiry into feudal possessions and pecuniary rights instigated by King Ferdinand II in early sixteenth-century Sicily. The outcome, however, was totally unexpected.
Caffeine alters the behavioural and body temperature responses to mephedrone without causing long-term neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Shortall Sinead E , Green A Richard , Fone Kevin CF , King Madeleine V
Published: June 2016

Administration of caffeine with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) alters the pharmacological properties of MDMA in rats. The current study examined whether caffeine alters the behavioural and neurochemical effects of mephedrone, which has similar psychoactive effects to MDMA. Rats received either saline, mephedrone (10 mg/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg) or combined caffeine and mephedrone intraperitoneally twice weekly on consecutive days for three weeks. Locomotor activity (days 1 and 16), novel object discrimination (NOD, day 2), elevated plus maze (EPM) exploration (day 8), rectal temperature changes (day 9) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response (day 15) were assessed. Seven days after the final injection, brain regions were collected for the measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and their metabolites. Combined caffeine and mephedrone further enhanced the locomotor response observed following either drug administered alone, and converted mephedrone-induced hypothermia to hyperthermia. Co-administration also abolished mephedrone-induced anxiogenic response on the EPM, but had no effect on NOD or PPI. Importantly, no long-term neurotoxicity was detected following repeated mephedrone alone or when co-administered with caffeine. In conclusion, the study suggests a potentially dangerous effect of concomitant caffeine and mephedrone, and highlights the importance of taking polydrug use into consideration when investigating the acute adverse effect profile of popular recreational drugs.
Interactive Computer Graphics: The Arms Race
Authors: Hafemeister David
Published: June 2016

By using interactive computer graphics (ICG), it is possible to discuss the numerical aspects of some arms race issues with more specificity and in a visual way. The number of variables involved in these issues can be quite large; computers operated in the interactive, graphical mode, can allow exploration of the variables, leading to a greater understanding of the issues. This paper will examine some examples of interactive computer graphics:

(1) The relationship between silo hardening and the accuracy, yield, and reliability of ICBMs;

(2) Target vulnerability (Minuteman, Dense Pack);

(3) Counterforce vs. countervalue weapons;

(4) Civil defense;

(5) Gravitational bias error;

(6) MIRV;

(7) National vulnerability to a preemptive first strike;

(8) Radioactive fallout; and

(9) Digital image processing with charge-coupled devices.
A Study of the Extent and Effectiveness of Incorporating Environmental Topics in the Science Curriculum of Secondary Schools in Dade County
Authors: Hadjilambrinos Constantine , Junco Mario
Published: June 2016

The infusion of environmental topics in science courses has long been considered an especially appropriate method of implementing the STS approach to science teaching. While this claim has been supported by anecdotal accounts and case studies, there are few relevant quantitative studies. To begin filling this void, a survey of science teachers in secondary schools in Dade County, Florida, was conducted to investigate the extent and effectiveness of the infusion of environmental topics in the science curriculum. The results of this study indicate that the responding science teachers are very likely to incorporate environmental topics in their science classes. They do this regardless of their length of tenure, and most have engaged in the practice from the beginning of their careers. Finally, while the experience of a teacher in using environmental topics has some positive effect in increasing student interest, the success of this method depends much more strongly on the frequency of its use. Those teachers routinely using environmental topics as a vehicle for teaching science are most successful with it.
Baseline collateral status and infarct topography in post-ischaemic perilesional hyperperfusion: An arterial spin labelling study
Authors: Bhaskar Sonu , Bivard Andrew , Stanwell Peter , Parsons Mark , Attia John R , Nilsson Michael , Levi Christopher
Published: June 2016

Focal hyperperfusion after acute ischaemic stroke could be of prognostic value depending upon its spatial localisation and temporal dynamics. Factors associated with late stage (12–24 h) perilesional hyperperfusion, identified using arterial spin labelling, are poorly defined. A prospective cohort of acute ischaemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 h of symptom onset were assessed with multi-modal computed tomography acutely and magnetic resonance imaging at 24 ± 8 h. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics curves were used. One hundred and nineteen hemispheric acute ischaemic stroke patients (mean age = 71 ± 12 years) with 24 h arterial spin labelling imaging were included. Forty-two (35.3%) patients showed perilesional hyperperfusion on arterial spin labelling at 24 h. Several factors were independently associated with perilesional hyperperfusion: good collaterals (71% versus 29%, P < 0.0001; OR = 5, 95% CI = [1.6, 15.7], P = 0.005), major reperfusion (81% versus 48%, P = < 0.0001; OR = 7.5, 95% CI = [1.6, 35.1], P = 0.01), penumbral salvage (76.2% versus 47%, P = 0.002; OR = 6.6, 95% CI = [1.8, 24.5], P = 0.004), infarction in striatocapsular (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = [2.6, 34], P = 0.001) and in cortical superior division middle cerebral artery (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = [1.4, 15.7], P = 0.012) territory. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91. Our results demonstrate good arterial collaterals, major reperfusion, penumbral salvage, and infarct topographies involving cortical superior middle cerebral artery and striatocapsular are associated with perilesional hyperperfusion.
The Influence of Age and Sexual Drive on the Predictive Validity of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–Revised
Authors: Wijetunga Charity , Martinez Ricardo , Rosenfeld Barry , Cruise Keith
Published: June 2016

The Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–Revised (J-SOAP-II) is the most commonly used measure in the assessment of recidivism risk among juveniles who have committed sexual offenses (JSOs), but mixed support exists for its predictive validity. This study compared the predictive validity of the J-SOAP-II across two offender characteristics, age and sexual drive, in a sample of 156 JSOs who had been discharged from a correctional facility or a residential treatment program. The J-SOAP-II appeared to be a better predictor of sexual recidivism for younger JSOs (14-16 years old) than for older ones (17-19 years old), with significant differences found for the Dynamic Summary Scale and Scale III (Intervention). In addition, several of the measure’s scales significantly predicted sexual recidivism for JSOs with a clear pattern of sexualized behavior but not for those without such a pattern, indicating that the J-SOAP-II may have greater clinical utility for JSOs with heightened sexual drive. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Case report of an alleviation of pain symptoms in hypnic headache via greater occipital nerve block
Authors: Rehmann Robert , Tegenthoff Martin , Zimmer Christian , Stude Philipp
Published: June 2016

Background

Hypnic headache is a rare primary headache disorder with a few hundred described cases so far. Due to the fact that this headache disease is rare, there are no placebo-controlled oral medication studies. After all reported oral medication failed to control pain symptoms of a hypnic headache disease, we were able to reduce pain intensity and frequency via two greater occipital nerve (GON) blocks.

Case

We report on a 74-year-old patient diagnosed with hypnic headache in our headache outpatient department two years ago. Over a course of nine months none of the recommended oral drugs had an effect in pain alleviation and we decided to try an occipital nerve injection therapy. Two GON-blocks then led to a stable and significant pain reduction over the course of six months during monthly follow-ups.

Conclusion

GON block can be a successful therapeutic approach for the treatment of hypnic headache when oral medication fails.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Byrd J.W. Thomas , Jones Kay S. , Gwathmey F. Winston
Published: June 2016

Background:

Adolescent athletes with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may respond well to arthroscopic intervention.

Purpose:

This study reports the outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic FAI in adolescents.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Included in this study were 104 consecutive athletes (116 hips) younger than 18 years who underwent arthroscopic correction of symptomatic FAI with a minimum 2-year follow-up. All patients were prospectively assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Pincer lesions were defined by acetabular overcoverage or retroversion with an accompanying labral injury, and cam lesions were defined by loss of sphericity of the femoral head with associated acetabular articular failure.

Results:

The average follow-up was 38 months (range, 24-120 months), and the average patient age was 16 years (range, 12-17 years), with 47 male and 57 female patients. There were 67 combined, 33 cam, and 16 pincer lesions. The average improvement on the mHHS was 25 points (average score: 69 preoperatively, 94 postoperatively), with 97% improved and 94% good and excellent results. Athletes returned to their sport after 100 procedures (86%). After 16 procedures, 5 patients were unable to return to sport, 6 chose not to, and 5 had completed their high school athletic careers. There were 2 complications, both transient pudendal nerve neurapraxias, that resolved within 2 weeks. Four patients underwent repeat arthroscopic surgery, and 1 underwent periacetabular osteotomy.

Conclusion:

This study reports favorable outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of FAI among adolescent athletes. A high proportion improved, although only 87% actually returned to their sport. Return to sport may be influenced by factors other than just the success of the procedures.
Examining Motivational Orientation and Learning Strategies in Computer-Supported Self-Directed Learning (CS-SDL) for Mathematics
Authors: Lao Andrew Chan-Chio , Cheng Hercy N. H. , Huang Mark C. L. , Ku Oskar , Chan Tak-Wai
Published: June 2016

One-to-one technology, which allows every student to receive equal access to learning tasks through a personal computing device, has shown increasing potential for self-directed learning in elementary schools. With computer-supported self-directed learning (CS-SDL), students may set their own learning goals through the suggestions of the system based on their e-portfolio and strive for the goals with efforts and mathematics capability. However, unlike adults who hold specific purposes that lead to enhanced motivation for SDL, children’s motivation is crucial for learning individually. Therefore, this study examines the differences in motivational orientation and learning strategies between second graders with different intensities of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. The results indicate that students with high intensity of both intrinsic and extrinsic goals demonstrate significantly higher motivational orientation and learning strategies than those with low intensity of goals. These results provide supportive evidence for the design of CS-SDL at the elementary level and offer a reference for exploring children’s motivational differences in CS-SDL.
Mass or total surface area with aerosol size distribution as exposure metrics for inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidative lung responses in rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Noël A , Truchon G , Cloutier Y , Charbonneau M , Maghni K , Tardif R
Published: June 2016

There is currently no consensus on the best exposure metric(s) for expressing nanoparticle (NP) dose. Although surface area has been extensively studied for inflammatory responses, it has not been as thoroughly validated for cytotoxicity or oxidative stress effects. Since inhaled NPs deposit and interact with lung cells based on agglomerate size, we hypothesize that mass concentration combined with aerosol size distribution is suitable for NP risk assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate different exposure metrics for inhaled 5 nm titanium dioxide aerosols composed of small (SA < 100 nm) or large (LA > 100 nm) agglomerates at 2, 7, and 20 mg/m3 on rat lung inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress responses. We found a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.98, p < 0.01) with the inflammatory reaction, measured by the number of neutrophils and the mass concentration when considering all six (SA + LA) aerosols. This correlation was similar ( r = 0.87) for total surface area. Regarding cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses, measured by lactate dehydrogenase and 8-isoprostane, respectively, and mass or total surface area as an exposure metric, we observed significant positive correlations only with SA aerosols for both the mass concentration and size distribution ( r > 0.91, p < 0.01), as well as for the total surface area ( r > 0.97, p < 0.01). These data show that mass or total surface area concentrations alone are insufficient to adequately predict oxidant and cytotoxic pulmonary effects. Overall, our study indicates that considering NP size distribution along with mass or total surface area concentrations contributes to a more mechanistic discrimination of pulmonary responses to NP exposure.
A Gendered Analysis of the Effects of Social Ties and Risky Behavior on Intimate Partner Violence Victimization
Authors: Policastro Christina , Daigle Leah E.
Published: June 2016

Recent studies have begun to explore how social ties relate to adolescent dating violence. Building upon prior literature that investigates the relationship between lifestyle patterns and dating violence, the current research explores how social ties developed early in life may indirectly affect intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization risk among adults by influencing risky behavior in late adolescence. Furthermore, the study explores the possibility that the relationship between social ties, risk behavior, and IPV may be gendered. To examine the direct and indirect effects, the current study uses data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to estimate multiple mediation models. Peer engagement and adolescent risky behavior have significant direct effects on IPV risk in young adulthood. Tests of indirect effects provide evidence of mediation with the social tie measures indirectly influencing IPV risk via their influence on risky behavior. Finally, there is evidence that the pathways to IPV victimization vary by sex. Implications for theory and policy, and directions for future research are discussed.
Contact characteristic analysis of spindle–toolholder joint at high speeds based on the fractal model
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Xu Jingjing , Cai Ligang , Shi Weimin , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Qiang
Published: June 2016

Due to the influence of centrifugal force, accurate contact stiffness model of spindle–toolholder joint at high speeds is crucial in predicting the dynamic behavior and chatter vibration of spindle–toolholder system. In this paper, a macro–micro scale hybrid model is presented to obtain the contact stiffness of spindle–toolholder joint in high speeds. The hybrid model refers to the finite element model in macro-scale and three-dimensional fractal model in micro-scale. The taper contact surface of spindle–toolholder joint is assumed flat in macro-scale and the finite element method is used to obtain the pressure distribution at different speeds. In micro-scale, the topography of contact surfaces is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Asperities in micro-scale are considered as elastic and plastic deformation. Then, the contact ratio, radial and torsional contact stiffness of spindle–toolholder joint can be calculated by integrating the micro asperities. Experiments with BT40 type toolholder–spindle assembly are conducted to verify the proposed model in the case of no speed. The reasonable intervals of spindle speed and drawbar force can be obtained based on the presented hybrid model, which will provide theoretical basis for the application and optimization of the spindle–toolholder system.
Numerical simulation of the airflow over a military aircraft with active intake
Authors: Triantafyllou T , Nikolaidis T , Diakostefanis M , Pilidis P
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study presented herein is to numerically predict the behaviour of the airflow around a flying military aircraft with an active intake in which the airflow may enter and travel all the way up to the aerodynamic interface plane (the analytical interface between the inlet and engine). Computational fluid dynamics is used as the basic tool. The geometry created consists of a full-scale military aircraft exposed to different flight conditions. The flow results are mainly focused at the aerodynamic interface plane since the present study is a part of a greater research effort to estimate how the airflow distortion induced to the engine’s face due to the aircraft’s flight attitude, affects the embedded gas turbine’s performance. The obtained results were validated through a direct comparison against similar experimental ones, collected from a wind tunnel environment.
Observability of self-calibration and self-alignment for inertially stabilized platform
Authors: Ding Zhijian , Zhang Shifeng , Cai Hong , Yang Huabo
Published: June 2016

The observability of the self-calibration and self-alignment system for an inertially stabilized platform is of vital importance, because it determines the solution existence of the system states. This article provides a straightforward and comprehensible method to investigate the observability of the nonlinear inertially stabilized platform’s self-calibration and self-alignment system. The proposed method is based on a principle that a parameter is observable only if it has a unique solution from the system outputs. The effect of the platform coordinates frame on the system observability is discussed in detail. The demonstration results indicate that the system is completely observable if the platform frame is defined based on the input axes of accelerometer triad. Besides, the analysis processes show that a high performance self-calibration and self-alignment can be accomplished if the inertially stabilized platform is kept stationary with the Earth at different positions and alternately rotated around its each axis. The validation of those results is checked by simulations, and the achieved conclusions make outstanding contributions to the development of the optimal torqueing schemes for the inertially stabilized platform’s self-calibration and self-alignment system.
Affect—or feeling (after Leys)
Authors: Cromby John , Willis Martin E. H.
Published: June 2016

In recent years, the “affective turn” has permeated the arts, humanities, social sciences, and psychology, but like any influential academic movement, has not escaped critique. We outline and agree in general terms with a critique by Leys which emphasises the influence of the basic emotion paradigm; the dualisms that accompany its deployment; and concerns regarding intentionality and meaning. We then propose an alternate approach to affect and feeling, derived from the philosophies of Whitehead and Langer; demonstrate how this avoids the endorsement of cognitivism to which Leys, critique succumbs; illustrate the strengths of this approach with respect to analyses of former U.S. President Reagan; and highlight two strengths of affect theory which are compatible with it. We conclude that our approach closes the intentionality gap that Leys identifies whilst retaining a fruitful emphasis upon the affective realm.
Identity, interpretation, and the moral ecology of learning
Authors: Yanchar Stephen C.
Published: June 2016

Within hermeneutic theory, human identity has been conceptualized as a form of self-interpretation, situated within value-laden practices that offer moral points of reference and standards for cultural engagement. Central to the notion of identity, from this perspective, is a kind of practical-moral position-taking in which a person is an expression of what it means to be human within a particular moral space. This article extends this argument by showing the connection between self-interpretation and situated learning, suggesting that human learning is a type of moral becoming. To do so, the article will, first, offer a review of situated learning scholarship that has drawn a connection between learning and identity; second, show how the adequation of learning and identity is entailed within the broader hermeneutic claim that identity is a moral self-interpretation; and third, argue that learning is fundamentally a moral phenomenon. This argument raises possibilities regarding practical and conceptual issues, such as learning in the service of a cause larger than oneself, the responsibility and resoluteness of learners, and the oft-noted tension between human agency and social structure.
Is there still a place for erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Dima A , Opris D , Jurcut C , Baicus C
Published: June 2016

The inflammatory response during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares is known to be atypical, characterized by a disproportionately lower C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation when compared with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Thus, in these patients, the analysis of inflammatory markers might be challenging in daily clinical practice. Clinicians need frequently to distinguish lupus reactivations and infectious conditions, and the significance of ESR and CRP seems to be different. Even though a non-specific marker of inflammation, ESR utility in SLE should not be neglected and it appears to be a useful biomarker for SLE activity assessment. Describing a specific cut-off for ESR in SLE is important for patients’ follow-up, and levels up to 25–30 mm/h have been proposed as an upper limit of the normal range. Regarding CRP, even though higher baseline levels are described in SLE when compared with controls, including in remission periods, its response during flares seems to be incomplete and not always correlated with disease activity; while CRP values greater than 10 mg/l could be indicative for severe flares, when there is no serositis or arthritis, higher CRP levels above 50–60 mg/l may be associated with infection.
Innovation or ‘Inventions’? The conflict between latent assumptions in marine aquaculture and local fishery
Authors: Martínez-Novo Rodrigo , Lizcano Emmánuel , Herrera-Racionero Paloma , Miret-Pastor Lluís
Published: June 2016

Recent European policy highlights the need to promote local fishery and aquaculture by means of innovation and joint participation in fishery management as one of the keys to achieve the sustainability of our seas. However, the implicit assumptions held by the actors in the two main groups involved – innovators (scientists, businessmen and administration managers) and local fishermen – can complicate, perhaps even render impossible, mutual understanding and co-operation. A qualitative analysis of interviews with members of both groups in the Valencian Community (Spain) reveals those latent assumptions and their impact on the respective practices. The analysis shows that the innovation narrative in which one group is based and the inventions narrative used by the other one are rooted in two dramatically different, or even antagonistic, collective worldviews. Any environmental policy that implies these groups should take into account these strong discords.
Physical Activity of Malaysian Primary School Children
Authors: Wong Jyh Eiin , Parikh Panam , Poh Bee Koon , Deurenberg Paul ,   on behalf of the SEANUTS Malaysia Study Group
Published: June 2016

This study describes the physical activity of primary school children according to sociodemographic characteristics and activity domains. Using the Malaysian South East Asian Nutrition Surveys data, 1702 children aged 7 to 12 years were included in the analysis. Physical activity was reported as a total score and categorized into low, medium, and high levels based on Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Higher overall activity scores were found in boys, younger age, non-Chinese ethnicity, and normal body mass index category. Sex, age, and ethnicity differences were found in structured or organized, physical education, and outside-of-school domain scores. Transport-related scores differed by age group, ethnicity, household income, and residential areas but not among the three physical activity levels. Participation of girls, Chinese, and older children were low in overall and almost all activity domains. Sociodemographic characteristics are important factors to consider in increasing the different domains of physical activity among Malaysian children.
Health Care Practitioners’ Perspectives on Deprescribing Anticholinergic and Sedative Medications in Older Adults
Authors: Kouladjian Lisa , Gnjidic Danijela , Reeve Emily , Chen Timothy F. , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: June 2016

Background: Anticholinergic and sedative (ACh-Sed) medications are commonly prescribed for older adults and are associated with adverse events. Objectives: (1) To investigate perspectives of health care practitioners (HCPs) surrounding deprescribing (withdrawal) of ACh-Sed medications in older adults; (2) to assess HCPs’ perspectives on the design and implementation of a report on a patient’s exposure to ACh-Sed medications using the Drug Burden Index (DBI) pharmacological tool. Methods: This was a qualitative study using focus groups with purposive samples of accredited pharmacists (APs), general practitioners (GPs), and specialist physicians (SPs). Participants were also asked to comment on a sample DBI report of a hypothetical patient and its potential role in practice. The discussions were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed to derive conceptual domains. QSR NVivo Version 10 was used for data management. Results: Several barriers and enablers to deprescribing ACh-Sed medications in older adults were identified. The most noteworthy barrier to deprescribing related to devolving responsibility. Predominantly, APs expressed frustration surrounding disregard by GPs of their recommendations to deprescribe medications. GPs expressed that deprescribing should be conducted by SPs and vice versa. The DBI report supported and addressed some of the identified barriers to deprescribing ACh-Sed medications in older adults. The HCPs also identified several opportunities and considerations for implementing the DBI report in practice, mainly highlighting that ACh-Sed medications are not the only high-risk medications for older people. Conclusions: Although HCPs recognize the harms associated with ACh-Sed medication use, they devolve prescribing and management responsibility to other groups of HCPs.
What Do Citizens Want from Their Member of Congress?
Authors: Lapinski John , Levendusky Matt , Winneg Ken , Jamieson Kathleen Hall
Published: June 2016

What do citizens want from their members of Congress? Do they expect them to be constituent servants? Do they expect them to work on local problems? Or do they expect them to represent them on the national issues of the day? While citizens expect members of Congress to perform all of these roles, we argue that, in the contemporary political environment, citizens especially value members who represent them on the salient national issues of the day. We also argue that such behavior will be especially pronounced among those who are the most educated and partisan. We show, using several recent nationally representative surveys, that citizens prioritize this sort of issue representation, and that such evaluations shape member approval and vote choice. We conclude by discussing the implications of this pattern for related trends such as elite polarization and the nationalization of elections.
Burdensomeness, Belongingness, and Capability: Assessing the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide With MMPI-2-RF Scales
Authors: Anestis Joye C. , Finn Jacob A. , Gottfried Emily D. , Hames Jennifer L. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Hagan Christopher R. , Arnau Randolph C. , Anestis Michael D. , Arbisi Paul A. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: June 2016

Given the emerging body of literature demonstrating the validity of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), and the importance of increasing our understanding of the development of risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, it seems worthwhile both to expand IPTS research via Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2–Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) correlates and to expand the availability of methods by which to assess the constructs of the IPTS. The present study attempted to do so in a large adult outpatient mental health sample by (a) inspecting associations between the IPTS constructs and the substantive scales of the MMPI-2-RF and (b) exploring the utility of MMPI-2-RF scale–based algorithms of the IPTS constructs. Correlates between the IPTS constructs and the MMPI-2-RF scales scores largely followed a pattern consistent with theory-based predictions, and we provide preliminary evidence that the IPTS constructs can be reasonably approximated using theoretically based MMPI-2-RF substantive scales. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Politics or Professionalism? Budgeting for Bilingual Education
Authors: Flink Carla M. , Molina Angel Luis
Published: June 2016

What drives budgetary support for minority-targeted policies? This question is increasingly salient because the public sector serves numerous minority clientele. One perspective suggests that budgetary decisions are grounded in need or demand, while another contends that political pressures will result in the allocation of resources to those with political power. This article presents a theory of budgetary allocation based on the interaction between politics and professionalism, two seemingly disparate perspectives. Furthermore, we separate professionalism into two dimensions—demand and need. Through an analysis of budgeting decisions for bilingual education, we find that political representation leads to more positive budgetary changes for low-demand and, conversely, high-need environments. These findings support not only the interaction between politics and professionalism as a driver of budgetary outcomes but also the theory of two dimensions of professionalism.
Validation of the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale and the Relationship of Mind Wandering to Impairment in Adult ADHD
Authors: Mowlem Florence D. , Skirrow Caroline , Reid Peter , Maltezos Stefanos , Nijjar Simrit K. , Merwood Andrew , Barker Edward , Cooper Ruth , Kuntsi Jonna , Asherson Philip
Published: June 2016

Objective: This study investigates excessive mind wandering (MW) in adult ADHD using a new scale: the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS). Method: Data from two studies of adult ADHD was used in assessing the psychometric properties of the MEWS. Case-control differences in MW, the association with ADHD symptoms, and the contribution to functional impairment were investigated. Results: The MEWS functioned well as a brief measure of excessive MW in adult ADHD, showing good internal consistency (α > .9), and high sensitivity (.9) and specificity (.9) for the ADHD diagnosis, comparable with that of existing ADHD symptom rating scales. Elevated levels of MW were found in adults with ADHD, which contributed to impairment independently of core ADHD symptom dimensions. Conclusion: Findings suggest excessive MW is a common co-occurring feature of adult ADHD that has specific implications for the functional impairments experienced. The MEWS has potential utility as a screening tool in clinical practice to assist diagnostic assessment.
Impact of emergency department visit on disease self-management in adults with depression
Authors: Bhandari Neeraj , Shi Yunfeng , Hearld Larry R , McHugh Megan
Published: June 2016

Unexpected health-endangering events that lead to an emergency department visit may be perceived as “wake-up calls” and induce significant changes in health-related behavior (“health shock” effect). This study uses two waves of a survey of 826 adults with depression and finds that having an emergency department visit(s) increased medication adherence by 7.6 percentage points ( p < 0.05) relative to non-emergency department visitors but had no significant effect on counseling attendance (0.02% points, p = 0.380). Emergency department visits may provide an opportune teachable moment to initiate targeted interventions for positive behavioral change in adults with depression.
‘Knowing me, knowing you’: Disability support worker as emotional mediator?
Authors: Banks Susan
Published: June 2016

The complexities of dating are exacerbated when couples’ getting together happens with the support of another person – the disability support worker. This paper explores the experience of Vic, a worker whose role it was to drive a couple to their dinner or movie dates. Vic’s narrative prompts consideration of how such workers position themselves within the sometimes conflicting role demands of enabler, risk manager, and mentor, negotiating the emotion work and relationship mediation roles they may be expected to perform. His narrative reveals the event as a performance of normalization, surveillance, management and othering, emotion work and feeling rules, and recognition.