bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of internal structure and resin deformability on drying rate and stress in convective drying of silica–latex coatings
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Komoda Yoshiyuki , Horie Takafumi , Ohmura Naoto
Published: July 2024

Latex paint is an aqueous dispersion of nano-sized polymer particles that can form a thin film by itself or mixed with rigid particles. We have developed an apparatus that can simultaneously measure drying rate and stress generation and have investigated the film formation process of a latex-only coating layer under convection drying. In the present study, we adopted the same method to investigate the film formation process of the silica–latex coating layer. As a result, we were able to systematically correlate the drying rate change by the equivalent thickness of latex particles accumulated with silica particles at the drying surface. Furthermore, it is unveiled that the drying rate in the former stage depends on drying temperature, while the drying rate changed to be dominated by silica content after the particle-packing layer was formed over the entire coating layer. On the other hand, the model we proposed for stress generation, considering the temperature effect on latex deformability, was found to be applicable to the present experimental system by replacing a portion of deformable particles with rigid particles.

Graphical abstract
Soliton resolution for the modified short pulse equation with the weighted Sobolev initial data
Authors: Yan Feiying , Wang Jia , Li Yihao , Geng Xianguo
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the Cauchy problem of the modified short pulse (mSP) equation with initial conditions in weighted Sobolev space is studied by using [Formula: see text]-steepest descent method. Based on the spectral analysis of Lax pair and the transformations of field variables and independent variables, a basic Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP) is established, and the solution of Cauchy problem for the mSP equation is transformed into the corresponding RHP. The asymptotic expansion of the solution of mSP equation is derived in a fixed space-time cone [Formula: see text] According to this, the soliton resolution conjecture of the mSP equation is given, in which the leading term is characterized by an [Formula: see text]-soliton on the discrete spectrum, the second term comes from the soliton–radiation interactions on the continuum spectrum, and the error term [Formula: see text] is generated by the corresponding [Formula: see text]-problem.
INCREASING OR DECREASING FRUGALITY: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DIGITALISATION AND FRUGAL INNOVATION
Authors: VAN TUIJL ERWIN , INTRIAGO ZAMBRANO JUAN CARLO , KNORRINGA PETER
Published: July 2024

Within wider debates on sustainability and digitalisation, frugal innovation (FI) scholars largely assume that digital technologies are important for FI in realising more sustainable outcomes. However, very few studies interrogate this causality. To tackle this challenge, we connect FI with digitalisation. Thereto, we conceptualise digital technologies as and within FIs and discuss three frugality dimensions to analyse three empirical case studies of digitally-enabled FIs. We use these cases to introduce new nuances on how digitalisation affects frugality and scaling. Our results unveil that digitalisation can increase frugality by enabling more accessible and affordable solutions through new flexible funding schemes and pay-as-you-go models. However, our evidence also implies decreasing frugality by an increase in end-user costs and digital exclusion. Likewise, increasing frugality through complexity reduction seems mainly to benefit intermediaries and frugal innovators themselves, whereas benefits of digitalisation in terms of complexity reduction for end-users seem to be limited. Digitalisation can even increase complexity for end-users, thus suggesting decreasing frugality. Finally, just like with non-digital innovations, scaling of digitally enabled innovations is dependent on the quality of logistical infrastructure and local adaptation practices. Moreover, scaling of digitally-enabled innovations is limited to users in regions with a proper ICT infrastructure.
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS IN INNOVATION: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS AND FUZZY SET QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: CASTILLO-VERGARA MAURICIO , HANSEN PETER BENT , SANTOS-DELGADO ANA , DANIELS FERNANDO , INFANTAS KAREM , GONZÁLEZ-MARTINEZ PAULINA , DUARTE DIEGO
Published: July 2024

The quadruple helix model has attracted the attention of various actors seeking to understand the relationships between universities, companies, governments, and civil society. Compared to the triple helix model, this model introduces social and democratic perspectives in knowledge production. The existing literature presents empirical evidence of the participation of civil society actors in innovation processes. Still, there is a lack of research on the specific mechanisms of society’s participation in these ecosystems. This study explores the antecedents that facilitate the participation of society in the development of innovation in a regional ecosystem. For this, representatives of civil society organisations from Brazil, Colombia, and Bolivia were selected. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modelling techniques (Partial Least Squares) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), focusing on the influence of government support and collaboration between ecosystem actors on civil society participation. The results indicate that government support is crucial to facilitate civil society participation in innovation processes. Collaboration between ecosystem actors also plays a significant role, allowing for greater societal participation when the ecosystem is well developed. However, market dynamism did not significantly affect participation in civil society, possibly due to the concentration of markets and economic inequalities in the region. On the other hand, technological dynamism, although crucial for innovation, did not directly influence the participation of society, revealing a mismatch in priorities between the different actors in the ecosystem. These findings underline the importance of effective public policies and cooperation between all ecosystem actors to foster an inclusive, innovative environment. Furthermore, they suggest more aligned strategies to integrate civil society in technological innovation processes, considering technological and trust challenges.
The Impact of Centrality Measures in Protein–Protein Interaction Networks: Tools, Databases, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Parisutham Nirmala
Published: July 2024

Analyzing protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, alongside centrality measures, holds paramount importance in understanding complex biological systems. These advanced computational techniques enable the extraction of valuable insights from intricate network structures, shedding light on the functional relationships between proteins. By leveraging AI-driven approaches, researchers can uncover key regulatory mechanisms, identify critical nodes within the network and predict novel protein interactions with high accuracy. Ultimately, this integration of computational methodologies enhances our ability to comprehend the dynamic behavior of biological systems at a molecular level, paving the way for advancements in drug discovery, disease understanding and personalized medicine. This review paper starts by outlining various popular available PPI network databases and network centrality calculation tools. A thorough classification of various centrality measures has been identified. It primarily delves into the centrality-driven discoveries within PPI networks in biological systems and suggests using edge centrality measures and a hybrid version of node and edge centrality measures in machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms to predict hidden knowledge much more effectively.
Artificial Intelligence Empowered Digital Twins for ECG Monitoring in a Smart Home
Authors: Chen Junxin , Wang Zhiyong , He Tongyue , Fang Bo , Li Chen , Fridenfalk Mikael , Lyu Zhihan
Published: July 2024

Recent years have witnessed the increasing prevalence of smart home applications, where digital twin (DT) is popularly employed for creating virtual models that interact with physical devices in real time. Empowered by artificial intelligence (AI), these DT-created virtual models have more intelligent decision-making capabilities to ensure reliable performance of a smart home system. In this paper, a DT based smart home framework is investigated. It is capable of achieving intelligent control, healthcare prediction and graphical monitoring. First, the human body and device are individually modeled, and then assembled into a DT system, and the corresponding model interfaces are provided for visual monitoring. Then, an intelligent algorithm fusing VGG, LSTM and attention mechanism is developed for healthcare monitoring, i.e., the screening out of the irregular ECG rhythms. The system results are provided, including various high-fidelity interactive DT interfaces as well as the effectiveness and advantages of the intelligent algorithms for arrhythmia detection.
M2SKD: Multi-to-Single Knowledge Distillation of Real-Time Epileptic Seizure Detection for Low-Power Wearable Systems
Authors: Baghersalimi Saleh , Amirshahi Alireza , Forooghifar Farnaz , Teijeiro Tomas , Aminifar Amir , Atienza David
Published: July 2024

Integrating low-power wearable systems into routine health monitoring is an ongoing challenge. Recent advances in the computation capabilities of wearables make it possible to target complex scenarios by exploiting multiple biosignals and using high-performance algorithms, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, there is a tradeoff between the algorithms’ performance and the low-power requirements of platforms with limited resources. Besides, physically larger and multi-biosignal-based wearables bring significant discomfort to the patients. Consequently, reducing power consumption and discomfort is necessary for patients to use wearable devices continuously during everyday life. To overcome these challenges, in the context of epileptic seizure detection, we propose the Multi-to-Single Knowledge Distillation (M2SKD) approach targeting single-biosignal processing in wearable systems. The starting point is to train a highly-accurate multi-biosignal DNN, then apply M2SKD to develop a single-biosignal DNN solution for wearable systems that achieves an accuracy comparable to the original multi-biosignal DNN. To assess the practicality of our approach to real-life scenarios, we perform a comprehensive simulation experiment analysis on several edge computing platforms.
Towards Distributed Flow Scheduling in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time-Sensitive Networks
Authors: Guo Miao , He Shibo , Gu Chaojie , Guo Xiuzhen , Chen Jiming , Gao Tao , Wang Tongtong
Published: July 2024

Flow scheduling plays a pivotal role in enabling Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) applications. Current flow scheduling mainly adopts a centralized scheme, posing challenges in adapting to dynamic network conditions and scaling up for larger networks. To address these challenges, we first thoroughly analyze the flow scheduling problem and find the inherent locality nature of time scheduling tasks. Leveraging this insight, we introduce the first distributed framework for IEEE 802.1Qbv TSN flow scheduling. In this framework, we further propose a multi-agent flow scheduling method by designing Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based route and time agents for route and time planning tasks. The time agents are deployed on field devices to schedule flows in a distributed way. Evaluations in dynamic scenarios validate the effectiveness and scalability of our proposed method. It enhances the scheduling success rate by 20.31% compared to state-of-the-art methods and achieves substantial cost savings, reducing transmission costs by 410× in large-scale networks. Additionally, we validate our approach on edge devices and a TSN testbed, highlighting its lightweight nature and ease of deployment.
Chromium-Free Coating for Al Alloy Corrosion Protection Based on a Novel Ti/Mg Oxyfluoride
Authors: Vajo John J. , Adjorlolo Alain A. , Badaeva Ekaterina A. , Locsin Maribel G. , Badger Jana , Meyer Christopher A. , Ma Lu , Graetz Jason
Published: July 2024

Chromium-free corrosion protection of aluminum alloys comparable to that of chromates (Cr(VI)) is demonstrated using a TiF6
2− fluoro-anion-based coating recipe containing boric acid and a Mg salt. Boric acid drove TiF6
2− hydrolysis enabling up to micrometer-scale thick coatings. The Mg salt led to deposition of a novel crystalline phase Ti/Mg oxyfluoride coating with an approximate composition of Ti5MgO7F8. Corrosion protection performance was characterized by polarization resistance measurements during immersion in 5% aqueous NaCl solution and neutral salt fog exposure following ASTM B.117. The performance is discussed in terms of the presence of fluoride in the coating enabling active behavior during its gradual depletion (in corrosion environments) toward a final composition approaching TiO2. This active corrosion protection mechanism may be more generally applicable for transition metal-based coatings that do not have high oxidation state oxo-anions, but do have stable fluoro-anions.
Combined intermittent hypoxic exposure at rest and continuous hypoxic training can maintain elevated hemoglobin mass after a hypoxic camp
Authors: Peltonen Juha E. , Leppävuori Antti , Lehtonen Elias , Mikkonen Ritva S. , Kettunen Oona , Nummela Ari , Ohtonen Olli , Gagnon Dominique D. , Wehrlin Jon P. , Wilber Randall L. , Linnamo Vesa
Published: July 2024

Sets of 2-h intermittent hypoxic exposure + 1-h continuous hypoxic training, every third day, possess the potential to mitigate the typical decline in Hbmass that is commonly observed during the initial weeks after return to sea level from an altitude camp. Inclusion of IHE + CHT in the training regimen was also accompanied by improvements in V̇o2max and exercise performance in most but not all Tier 3–Tier 5 level endurance athletes during the training season.
The effect of CO2 on the age dependence of neurovascular coupling
Authors: Davies Aaron , Gurung Dewarkar , Ladthavorlaphatt Kannaphob , Mankoo Alex , Panerai Ronney B. , Robinson Thompson G. , Minhas Jatinder S. , Beishon Lucy C.
Published: July 2024

This study describes the effects of age on neurovascular coupling under altered CO2 conditions. We demonstrated that both hypercapnia and hypocapnia suppress neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses. Furthermore, that middle age exhibits an NVC response comparable with younger adults under hypercapnia, and older adults under hypocapnia.
Top Quark Flavor Changing Couplings at a Muon Collider
Authors: Ake Daniel , Bouzas Antonio O. , Larios F.
Published: July 2024

There is growing interest in the development of a muon collider that would make it possible to produce lepton collisions at energies of several TeV. Among others, there can be significant contributions to electroweak gauge boson, Higgs boson, and top quark physics. In this work, we pay attention to the latter, in particular, effective flavor‐changing (FC) top‐quark interactions. We discuss the flavor‐changing production processes that can be a good probe of the dimension‐six top quark four‐fermion and fermion‐boson operators in the SMEFT. We consider all sixteen operators that can generate flavor‐changing top quark couplings. After comparing with the current LHC bounds, we find potential limits three or four orders of magnitude stronger for four‐fermion operators. Concerning fermion‐boson couplings, for the tensor operators QuW and QuB, we obtain the highest sensitivity. We also observe that the effective W approximation (EWA) does not apply with QuB.
Method Development to Assess the Ventilated and Nonventilated Sources of Indoor Dust Deposits, Applied in a Museum
Authors: Grøntoft Terje , Buchwald-Zięcina Oliwia
Published: July 2024

A method was developed to analytically distinguish between the ventilated (v) and nonventilated (nv) fractions of water‐soluble ions in deposits of particle indoors. The indicative method was based on low‐cost passive outdoor and indoor sampling of the particle and ion deposits and NO2 gas and analysis of the regression values and residuals of the correlations between these parameters. The method was applied to measurements in the Pieskowa Skała Castle Museum in Poland. A dominating source of “soil and building dust” was indicated all year round, probably partly from renovation works of the castle, with larger total infiltration in the winter–spring (W‐S) but with a higher proportion of ventilation ingress in the summer–autumn (S‐A). About 60%–80%, by mass, of the water‐soluble ions in the soil and building dust were calcium and probably some magnesium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2) and about 10%–20% sulfates (SO4−−) with calcium (Ca++) and several other cations. The other main source of the ion deposits was indicated to be air pollution, with chloride (Cl−), sulfate (SO4−−), and nitrate (NO3−), from outdoor combustion sources, like traffic, residential heating, and industry. These were mainly v from outdoors in the colder parts of the year, but also to the more open locations in the S‐A. A small source of nv sulfate (SO4−−) was identified inside two showcases in the S‐A. The study showed good enclosure protection of the museum objects against exposure to particle pollution, but also the need to avoid the trapping of particle pollution inside showcases or closed rooms. The identification of the probable different amounts and sources of v and nv ions in the castle aided preventive actions to reduce the pollution exposure.
Incidence and Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Merid Fasika , Getahun Firdawek , Esubalew Habtamu , Gezahegn Tamirat
Published: July 2024

Background. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end‐stage renal disease, and it brings high morbidity and mortality. Globally, the predominant rise in type II diabetes prevalence significantly increases the incidence of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, timely diagnosis and prompt management of diabetic nephropathy and early identification of predictors are essential. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of diabetic nephropathy among type II diabetes mellitus patients. Methods. A retrospective follow‐up study was conducted among 532 type II diabetes patients who enrolled at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The extracted data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by Stata version 14. A bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was fitted to identify predictors of diabetic nephropathy. The Cox proportional hazards assumption was checked using the Schoenfeld residual test, and the goodness of fit of the model was checked using the Cox–Snell residual test. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P values were used to identify statistically significant predictors. Results. The overall incidence rate of diabetic nephropathy was 2.71 cases (95% CI: 2.12, 3.47) per 1,000 person‐months of observation. Age (AHR = 1.027; 95% CI = 1.005, 1.049), fasting blood sugar (AHR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.007, 1.013), and systolic blood pressure (AHR = 1.050; 95% CI = 1.031,1.069) were significant positive predictors of diabetic nephropathy, whereas the duration of diabetes longer than five years (AHR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.44) was a protective predictor for the development of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion. The incidence rate of diabetic nephropathy was high. Age, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, and duration of diabetes were found to be independent predictors of diabetic nephropathy. To overcome this public health problem, prompt and effective strategies should be designed based on identified predictors to prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluating Acute Ischemic Strokes despite Regular Anticoagulation: A Comparative Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin in Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Cakmak Sumeyye , Simsekoglu Ruken
Published: July 2024

Objective. We aim to compare the outcomes between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients under vitamin K antagonist with those under direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Methods. This prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted for one year in a tertiary hospital operating as a stroke center. A total of 135 patients receiving oral anticoagulants (DOACs: 98 and VKA: 37) with AIS were included in the study. The patients’ vital parameters, examination and laboratory findings, acute stroke severity scores, stroke localizations, and 3‐month clinical outcomes were recorded. Results. Of the 135 patients, 98 (mean age: 76.2, 52 women) were on DOACs while 37 (mean age: 69.7, 26 women) were on VKA. The average age was significantly higher in the group of patients receiving DOACs (p = 0.005). Although the mean age of the patient group using DOACs was higher, they did not score worse than patients using VKAs in terms of stroke severity and 3‐month outcomes were equal in both groups. The rates of receiving iv‐tPA (8.2% and 2.7%, respectively) and thrombectomy rates (23.5% and 29.7%, respectively) were low in the DOACs and VKA groups. Conclusion. The equality in stroke severity and 3‐month outcome scores between the DOACs group, characterized by higher average age, and the VKA group is indicative of the comparable efficacy of DOACs in stroke management.
Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Hinton Antentor , Claypool Steven M. , Neikirk Kit , Senoo Nanami , Wanjalla Celestine N. , Kirabo Annet , Williams Clintoria R.
Published: July 2024

Despite clinical and scientific advancements, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Although inflammation is crucial to reparative healing following acute cardiomyocyte injury, chronic inflammation damages the heart, impairs function, and decreases cardiac output. Mitochondria, which comprise one third of cardiomyocyte volume, may prove a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. Known primarily for energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other processes including calcium homeostasis and the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial function is closely related to morphology, which alters through mitochondrial dynamics, thus ensuring that the energy needs of the cell are met. However, in heart failure, changes in substrate use lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired myocyte function. This review discusses mitochondrial and cristae dynamics, including the role of the mitochondria contact site and cristae organizing system complex in mitochondrial ultrastructure changes. Additionally, this review covers the role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, mitochondrial communication via nanotunnels, and altered metabolite production during heart failure. We highlight these often-neglected factors and promising clinical mitochondrial targets for heart failure.
Syllidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida) from Conception, Amanay and Banquete Banks off Canary Islands, with the description of two new species
Authors: NÚÑEZ JORGE , MARTÍN GUILLERMO SAN
Published: July 2024

A study is carried out on the family Syllidae from soft substrates on the marine banks near the Canary Islands. The studied areas were the seamounts Amanay and Banquete Banks (southern off Fuerteventura), and the Conception Bank (north off Lanzarote). Of the 33 species recorded, two are described as new to Science, Exogone martinsosai n. sp. and Syllis guillei n. sp.; ten are cited for the first time for the Canary Islands, Acritagasyllis longichaetous Lucas, San Martín & Sikorski, 2010, Streptodonta exsulis Ramos, San Martín & Sikorski, 2010, Exogone dispar (Webster, 1879), Exogone lopezi San Martín, Ceberio & Aguirrezabalaga, 1996, Parapionosyllis cabezali Parapar, San Martín & Moreira, 2000, Parexogone wolfi San Martín, 1991, Sphaerosyllis boeroi Musco, Çinar & Giangrande, 2005, Plakosyllis brevipes Hartmann-Schröder, 1956, Syllis caeca (Katzman, 1973) and Syllis mercedesae Lucas, San Martín & Parapar, 2012; and two have confirmed their presence in Canary Islands waters, Prosphaerosyllis tetralix (Eliason, 1920) and Sphaerosyllis bulbosa Southern, 1914. The species E. martinsosai n. sp. and S. guillei, n. sp. are described, figured and discussed in detail. Exogone martinsosai n. sp. belongs to a group of this genus sharing some characters: shafts of spiniger-like compound chaetae distally enlarged, spinose and blades relatively short, triangular, which are absent on most anterior segments, and absence of dorsal cirri on the second chaetiger. Syllis guillei n. sp. is defined by its long and slender body, long, thin, whip-shapped dorsal cirri, long pharynx, short proventricle, and compound chaetae with short, bidentate blades with thin, moderately long spines on margin.
Notes on the genus Phlugiolopsis (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) with two new species from China
Authors: ZHENG MENGJIA , ZHANG TAO , SHI FUMING , CHANG YANLIN
Published: July 2024

In this paper, two new species of Phlugiolopsis are described, i.e. Phlugiolopsis hainanensis Zheng, Zhang, Shi & Chang sp. nov. and Phlugiolopsis cangshanensis Zheng, Shi & Chang sp. nov. and three synonyms are proposed as well. All examined specimens are preserved in the Museum of Hebei University.
A remarkable new species of Ateleute Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ateleutinae) from Uganda
Authors: GIOVANNI FILIPPO DI
Published: July 2024

A new species of Ateleute, A. valeriae sp. nov., is described from Kibale National Park, in Uganda. The new species differs from others of the genus in the Afrotropical region by its larger body size, ovipositor relatively long and straight, and presence of the distal abscissa of vein AA in the hind wing. The new species sheds light on the morphological variability and diversity of the genus Ateleute in the Afrotropical region.
Drought intensity and duration effects on morphological root traits vary across trait type and plant functional groups: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Yu , Robert Christelle AM , Thakur Madhav P.
Published: July 2024

The increasing severity and frequency of drought pose serious threats to plant species worldwide. Yet, we lack a general understanding of how various intensities of droughts affect plant traits, in particular root traits. Here, using a meta-analysis of drought experiments (997 effect sizes from 76 papers), we investigate the effects of various intensities of droughts on some of the key morphological root traits. Our results show that root length, root mean diameter, and root area decline when drought is of severe or extreme intensity, whereas severe drought increases root tissue density. These patterns are most pronounced in trees compared to other plant functional groups. Moreover, the long duration of severe drought decreases root length in grasses and root mean diameter in legumes. The decline in root length and root diameter due to severe drought in trees was independent of drought duration. Our results suggest that morphological root traits respond strongly to increasing intensity of drought, which further depends on drought duration and may vary among plant functional groups. Our meta-analysis highlights the need for future studies to consider the interactive effects of drought intensity and drought duration for a better understanding of variable plant responses to drought.
Thyasirid species composition (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) and genetic connectivity of Parathyasira equalis (A. E. Verrill & K. J. Bush, 1898) in deep basins of sub-Arctic fjords
Authors: Kokarev Valentin , Dufour Suzanne C. , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Mailli Amalia A. , Reiss Henning
Published: July 2024

Background

Thyasirid bivalves are often recorded as a dominant component of macrobenthic infaunal communities in depositional environments such as fjord basins. Fjord basins comprise patchy soft-bottom habitats bounded by steep walls and sills; however, little is known how this semi-isolated nature of fjords affects benthic populations. Accordingly, data on the composition and population connectivity of thyasirids can provide valuable information on the ecology of these ecosystems.

Results

The species composition of thyasirid bivalves has been studied in the basins of three sub-Arctic fjords (Nordland, Northern Norway). Overall, six thyasirid species were recorded: Parathyasira equalis, Parathyasira dunbari, Mendicula ferruginosa, Genaxinus eumyarius, Thyasira sarsii, and Thyasira obsoleta. The species composition remained stable within the basins during the sampling period (2013–2020) and suggested the importance of local reproduction over advection of individuals for population dynamics. Only one species, Parathyasira equalis, was common in all fjords. We have further investigated the population genetics of this species by combining two types of genetic markers: a 579 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 4043 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. The latter provided a more in-depth resolution on the population genetics of this species and revealed a weak but significant differentiation of populations within fjords, further indicating limited connectivity between basins.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we conclude that limited dispersal between the basin communities results in weakly connected populations and might be an important structuring factor for macrobenthic communities.
NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors for disease activity and response to methotrexate and adalimumab in psoriasis
Authors: Kamel Fatma Z. , Hoseiny Heba Allah Mohamed , Shahawy Aya A. El , Boghdadi Ghada , Shahawy Alia A. El
Published: July 2024

Background

Psoriasis has a global prevalence of 1–3%, with variations observed across different ethnic groups and geographical areas. Disease susceptibility and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) drugs suggest different genetic regulatory mechanisms which may include NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism. Evaluation of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism, the serum level of CRP and TNFα in psoriasis patients and assessment of the NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism, CRP and TNFα with disease severity and their role as biomarkers for response to Methotrexate and Adalimumab in psoriasis. The study had a total of 75 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris, who were compared to a control group of 75 healthy individuals.

Results

There was a highly significant difference in NLRP3 genotypes and alleles distribution between psoriasis patients and controls (P = 0.002,0.004). The heterozygote genotype GC (OR = 3.67,95%CI:1.75–7.68, P = 0.0006), was linked with increased risk of psoriasis. Additionally, The GC genotype was significantly associated with nonresponse to psoriasis therapy (OR = 11.7,95%CI:3.24–42.28, P = 0.0002). Regarding serum CRP and TNFα levels, there was a highly statistically significant difference between psoriasis patients and controls (P < 0.0001), and there was also a highly statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders in psoriasis patients regarding PASI 50 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The NLRP3 (rs10754558) genotypes GC was associated with the severe form of psoriasis and with nonresponse to psoriasis medication. Therefore, NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism is an important prognostic biomarker in psoriasis patients. The serum TNFα can be used as a predictor for response to therapy in psoriasis patients. More research for evaluation of role of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism in the genetic risks and treatment outcomes associated with psoriasis is still required.
Healthcare use of young Finnish adults with mental disorders – profiles and profile membership determinants
Authors: Väisänen Visa , Linnaranta Outi , Sinervo Timo , Hietapakka Laura , Elovainio Marko
Published: July 2024

Background

Comprehensive, timely, and integrated primary care services have been proposed as a response to the increased demand for mental health and substance use services especially among young people. However, little is known about the care utilization patterns of young people with mental and substance use disorders. Our aim was to characterize profiles of care use in young Finnish adults with mental or substance use disorders, and the potential factors associated with the service use profiles.

Methods

Primary and specialized care visits of young adults (16–29 years) diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder (n = 7714) were retrieved from the national health care register from years 2020 and 2021. K-Means clustering was used to detect different profiles based on the utilization of care services. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with different profiles of care use.

Results

Five different profiles were identified: low care use (75%), and use of principally primary health care (11%), student health services (9%), psychiatric services (5%), or substance use services (1%). Female gender was associated with membership in the primary health care focused profiles (OR 2.58 and OR 1.99), and patients in the primary health care and student health services profiles were associated with a better continuity of care (OR 1.04 and OR 1.05). Substance use disorders were associated with psychiatric service use (OR: 2.51) and substance use services (OR: 58.91). Living in smaller municipalities was associated with lower service use when comparing to the largest city.

Conclusions

Young adults diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder had remarkably different and heterogeneous care patterns. Most of the participants had low care utilization, indicating potential gaps in service use and care needs. Measures should be taken to ensure equal access to and availability of mental health services. The profiles that utilized the most services highlights the importance of integrated services and patient-oriented improvement of treatment.
Insights into the current state of knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians regarding gastrointestinal motility disorders in Egypt
Authors: Al Mowafy Enaam Ali , AboKresha Marwa M. , Elkhadry Sally Waheed , Hashem Mohamed Bassam , Elganzory Ahmed , Sayed Sayed Ahmed , Khaskia Mohammad Almohamady
Published: July 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common in clinical settings, but physicians still lack sufficient understanding and effective management of these conditions.

Methods

This research assessed Egyptian physicians’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards GI motility disorders. A cross-sectional survey employing a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among physicians in Egypt. The questionnaire addressed various aspects of physicians’ understanding, practices, and attitudes regarding GI motility disorders. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results

A total of 462 physicians took part in the study. Although nearly two-thirds of them knew about GI motility studies, a notable proportion lacked adequate knowledge about GI motility disorders. Notably, 84.2% correctly identified dysphagia as a critical symptom suggestive of an upper GI motility disorder. However, 13.4% incorrectly linked hematemesis with an upper GI motility disorder, and 16.7% expressed uncertainty. In terms of practice, around half of the participants encountered a small number of patients with GI motility disorders (less than 5 per week or even fewer). Only 29.7% felt confident in managing patients with motility disorders. Most participating physicians expressed a willingness to participate in training programs focused on motility disorders.

Conclusions

This study underscores a knowledge gap among Egyptian physicians concerning GI motility disorders. It suggests the necessity of tailored education and training programs to improve their competency and practice in this domain.
Sexual activity, vaginal symptoms, maternal perineal hygiene behavior, and constipation on ano-vaginal colonization of group B streptococcus in near term pregnancy
Authors: Esmaon Ruziyati , Lim Boon Kiong , Gan Farah , Hamdan Mukhri , Tan Peng Chiong
Published: July 2024

Background

Maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is influenced by many factors but results are inconsistent. Consideration of antenatal risk factors may help inform decision making on GBS microbiological culture screening where universal screening is not standard of care. We sought to identify independent predictors of GBS colonization at 34–37 weeks gestation incorporating vaginal symptoms, perineal hygiene measures, sexual activity, and a potential novel factor, constipation.

Methods

In this prospective cross-sectional study, 573 women at 34–37 weeks gestation had an ano-vaginal swab taken and sent for selective culture for GBS. Women were asked about vaginal bleeding, discharge, irritation and candidiasis, antibiotic use during pregnancy, ano-vaginal hygiene practices such as douching and perineal cleansing after toileting, sexual intercourse related activities, and a potential novel factor for GBS carriage, constipation. Maternal basic demographics and obstetric-related characteristics were also collected. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify associates of GBS colonization. All variables with p < 0.05 found on bivariate analysis were then included into a model for multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for GBS colonization.

Results

GBS colonization was found in 235/573 (41.0%) of participants. Twenty six independent variables were considered for bivariate analysis. Eight were found to have p < 0.05. Following adjusted analysis, six independent predictors of GBS colonization were identified: ethnicity, previous neonatal GBS prophylaxis, antenatal vaginal irritation, antibiotic use, recent panty liner use, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge and perineal cleansing were not associated after adjustment. Recent douching and constipation were not associated on bivariate analysis.

Conclusion

The identification of independent predictors of GBS colonization in late pregnancy may inform the woman and care provider in their shared decision making for microbiological screening at 35–38 weeks gestation in locations where universal GBS screening is not standard of care.

Ethics oversight

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) on August 9, 2022, reference number 2022328-11120.
Impact of global smoking prevalence on mortality: a study across income groups
Authors: De Silva Roshinie , Silva Disuri , Piumika Lakindu , Abeysekera Isuri , Jayathilaka Ruwan , Rajamanthri Lochana , Wickramaarachchi Colinie
Published: July 2024

Background

Smoking significantly contributes to the mortality rates worldwide, particularly in non-communicable and preventable diseases such as cardiovascular ailments, respiratory conditions, stroke, and lung cancer. This study aims to analyse the impact of smoking on global deaths, and its association with mortality across the main income groups.

Methods

The comprehensive analysis spans 199 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. The study categorises countries into four income groups: high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, and low income.

Results

The findings underscore the profound impact of global tobacco smoking on mortality. Notably, cardiovascular disease mortality is notably affected in both upper-middle-income and high-income groups. Chronic respiratory disease mortality rates show a significant impact across all income groups. Moreover, stroke-related mortality is observed in the lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income groups. These results highlight the pervasive influence of smoking prevalence on global mortality, affecting individuals across various socioeconomic levels.

Conclusion

The study underscores the critical implications of smoking on mortality rates, particularly in high-income countries. It emphasises the urgency of targeted interventions in these regions to address the specific challenges posed by tobacco smoking on public health. Policy recommendations include implementing prohibitive measures extending to indoor public areas such as workplaces and public transportation services. Furthermore, allocating funds for research on tobacco and health, is imperative to ensure policymakers are consistently informed about emerging facts and trends in this complex domain.
Ultrasound quantification of pleural effusion volume in supine position: comparison of three model formulae
Authors: Tang Dachuan , Yi Huiming , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2024

Background

To investigate the accuracy of three model formulae for ultrasound quantification of pleural effusion (PE) volume in patients in supine position.

Methods

A prospective study including 100 patients with thoracentesis and drainage of PE was conducted. Three model formulae (single section model, two section model and multi-section model) were used to calculate the PE volume. The correlation and consistency analyses between calculated volumes derived from three models and actual PE volume were performed.

Results

PE volumes calculated by three models all showed significant linear correlations with actual PE volume in supine position (all p < 0.001). The reliability of multi-section model in predicting PE volume was significantly higher than that of single section model and slightly higher than that of two section model. When compared with actual drainage volume, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) of single section model, two section model and multi-section model were 0.72, 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Significant consistency between calculated PE volumes by using two section model and multi-section model existed for full PE volume range (ICC 0.98).

Conclusion

Based on the convenience and accuracy of ultrasound quantification of PE volume, two section model is recommended for pleural effusion assessment in routine clinic, though different model formulae can be selected according to clinical needs.
A novel technique for NO.253 lymph node dissection and left colic artery preservation to avoid potential postoperative internal hernia in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Li Fugen , Qian Chuan , Lu Tingting , Xiao Yanling , Xu Zhengwen , Jia Yingdong
Published: July 2024

Background

The preservation of the left colic artery (LCA) has emerged as a preferred approach in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. However, preserving the LCA while simultaneously dissecting the NO.253 lymph node can create a mesenteric defect between the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), the LCA, and the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV). This defect could act as a potential “hernia ring,” increasing the risk of developing an internal hernia after surgery. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel technique designed to mitigate the risk of internal hernia by filling mesenteric defects with autologous tissue.

Methods

This new technique was performed on eighteen patients with rectal cancer between January 2022 and June 2022. First of all, dissected the lymphatic fatty tissue on the main trunk of IMA from its origin until the LCA and sigmoid artery (SA) or superior rectal artery (SRA) were exposed and then NO.253 lymph node was dissected between the IMA, LCA and IMV. Next, the SRA or SRA and IMV were sequentially ligated and cut off at an appropriate location away from the “hernia ring” to preserve the connective tissue between the “hernia ring” and retroperitoneum. Finally, after mobilization of distal sigmoid, on the lateral side of IMV, the descending colon was mobilized cephalad. Patients’preoperative baseline characteristics and intraoperative, postoperative complications were examined.

Results

All patients’ potential “hernia rings” were closed successfully with our new technique. The median operative time was 195 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 55 ml (interquartile range 30–90). The total harvested lymph nodes was 13.0(range12−19). The median times to first flatus and liquid diet intake were both 3.0 days. The median number of postoperative hospital days was 8.0 days. One patient had an injury to marginal arterial arch, and after mobolization of splenic region, tension-free anastomosis was achieved. No other severe postoperative complications such as abdominal infection, anastomotic leakage, or bleeding were observed.

Conclusions

This technique is both safe and effective for filling the mesenteric defect, potentially reducing the risk of internal hernia following laparoscopic NO.253 lymph node dissection and preservation of the left colic artery in rectal cancer surgeries.
Effect of two esthetic digitally produced materials used in fabrication of extracoronal attachments on the stresses Induced in removable partial dentures
Authors: Abd Allah Dina Abd El Moez , Nawar Noha Helmy , Abdelfattah Ahmed Mostafa
Published: July 2024

Background

Preservation of the remaining structures while maintaining an esthetic appearance is a major objective in removable partial prosthodontics. So, the aim of the current study was to compare the stresses induced on the supporting structures by two digitally produced esthetic core materials; Zirconia and Polyetheretherketone when used as an extracoronal attachment in distal extension removable partial dentures using strain gauge analysis.

Methods

A mandibular Kennedy class II stone cast with the necessary abutments’ preparations was scanned. The mandibular left canine and first premolar teeth were virtually removed. An acrylic mandibular left canine and first premolar teeth were prepared with heavy chamfer finish line and scanned. Virtual superimposition of the acrylic teeth in their corresponding positions was done. Two strain gauge slots were designed: distal to the terminal abutment and in the residual ridge. Two models and two sets of scanned teeth were digitally printed. The printed teeth were then placed in their corresponding sockets in each model and scanned. The attachment design was selected from the software library and milled out of Zirconia in the model ZR and Polyetheretherketone in the model PE. Five removable partial dentures were constructed for each model. The strain gauges were installed in their grooves. A Universal testing machine was used for unilateral load application of 100 N (N). For each removable partial denture, five measurements were made. The data followed normal distribution and were statistically analyzed by using unpaired t test. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

During unilateral loading unpaired t test showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001) in the microstrain values recorded distal to the abutment between the models ZR (-1001.6 µε ± 24.56) and PE (-682.6 µε ± 22.18). However, non statistically significant difference (p = 0.3122) was observed in the residual ridge between them; ZR (16.2 µε ± 4.53) and PE (15 µε ± 3.74).

Conclusions

In removable partial dentures, Polyetheretherketone extracoronal attachment induces less stress on the supporting abutments compared to the zirconia one with no difference in the stresses induced by them on the residual ridge.