bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analyses of the Sox9a-Amh-Cyp19a1a regulatory Cascade in Autotetraploid fish and its diploid parent
Authors: Huang Xu , Qin Qinbo , Gong Kaijun , Wu Chang , Zhou Yuwei , Chen Qian , Feng Wenjing , Xing Yiying , Wang Chongqing , Wang Yude , Cao Liu , Tao Min , Liu Shaojun
Published: March 2020

Background

Autotetraploid Carassius auratus (4nRCC, 4n = 200, RRRR) was derived from the whole genome duplication of diploid red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2nRCC, 2n = 100, RR). To investigate the genetic effects of tetraploidization, we analyzed DNA variation, epigenetic modification and gene expression changes in the Sox9a-Amh-Cyp19a1a regulatory cascade between 4nRCC and 2nRCC.

Results

We found that the Sox9a gene contained two variants in 2nRCC and four variants in 4nRCC. Compared with that in 2nRCC, DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the Amh and Cyp19a1a genes in 4nRCC was altered by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, which resulted in the insertions and deletions of CpG sites, and the methylation levels of the Sox9a, Amh and Cyp19a1a genes increased after tetraploidization. The gene expression level of the Sox9a-Amh-Cyp19a1a regulatory cascade was downregulated in 4nRCC compared with that in 2nRCC.

Conclusion

The above results demonstrate that tetraploidization leads to significant changes in the genome, epigenetic modification and gene expression in the Sox9a-Amh-Cyp19a1a regulatory cascade; these findings increase the extant knowledge regarding the effects of polyploidization.
Catastrophic stroke burden in a patient with uncontrolled psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Fan Joline M. , Solomon David A. , López Giselle Y. , Hofmann Jeffrey W. , Colorado Rene A. , Kim Anthony S. , Meisel Karl , Halabi Cathra
Published: March 2020

Background

Psoriasis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition involving the T helper cell system. Population studies have demonstrated that patients with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis have an increased risk of developing vascular risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and increased risk of adverse vascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Population studies have generally investigated the individual contributions of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis to development of vascular risk factors; fewer studies have investigated the additive contribution of comorbid inflammatory disorders. We present a case of a woman with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and comorbid vascular risk factors.

Case presentation

A 49 year-old Caucasian woman with a history of severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis since adolescence presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness. She was found to have acute bilateral watershed infarcts and multifocal subacute infarcts. Her evaluation revealed vascular risk factors and elevated non-specific systemic inflammatory markers; serum and cerebral spinal fluid did not reveal underlying infection, hypercoagulable state, or vasculitis. Over the course of days, she exhibited precipitous clinical deterioration related to multiple large vessel occlusions, including the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and the left middle cerebral artery. Autopsy revealed acute thrombi and diffuse, severe atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

Patients with early onset inflammatory disease activity or comorbid inflammatory disorders may have an even higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome and adverse vascular events compared to patients with late-onset disease activity or with a single inflammatory condition. The described case illustrates the complex relationship between inflammatory disorders and vascular risk factors. The degree of systemic inflammation, as measured by severity of disease activity, has been shown to have a dose-response relationship with comorbid vascular risk factors and vascular events. Dysregulation of the Th1 and Th17 system has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and may explain the severe atherosclerosis seen in such chronic inflammatory conditions. Further research will help refine screening and management guidelines to account for comorbid inflammatory disorders and related disease severity.
Sub-perfluoro-n-octane injection of ocular viscoelastic device assisted inverted internal limiting membrane flap for macular hole retinal detachment surgery: a novel technique
Authors: Lai Chi-Chun , Wu An-Lun , Chou Hung-Da , Teh Wee Min , Chen Kuan-Jen , Chen Yen-Po , Liu Laura , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Wu Wei-Chi
Published: March 2020

Background

To evaluate the feasibility of a surgical technique using a sub-perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) injection of ocular viscoelastic device (OVD) to stabilize inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap for the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD).

Methods

This study was a retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. Patients who underwent MHRD surgery with sub-PFO injection of OVD to stabilize inverted ILM flap onto the macular hole (MH) were reviewed. The color fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were collected and evaluated. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery were compared as the functional outcome.

Results

The study included 8 eyes of 8 consecutive patients (mean age: 61.8 ± 7.1 years; mean follow-up period: 9.0 ± 2.5 months). All eyes (100%) achieved successful MH closure; 7 eyes (87.5%) demonstrated complete retinal reattachment, and 1 eye (12.5%) had minimal residual subretinal fluid parafoveally. Of the 8 patients, 7 patients (87.5%) had achieved improvement in BCVA after the primary surgery, whereas 1 eye remained stable. The average BCVA before and after the surgery at the last visit improved from 20/843 (1.63 ± 0.48 logMAR) to 20/200 (1.00 ± 0.39 logMAR) (P = 0.016). Anatomically, near-normal foveal contour was noted in five (62.5%) eyes at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

The use of sub-PFO injection of OVD in MHRD surgery could stabilize inverted ILM flaps, achieve good anatomical results and improve postoperative BCVA.
Delayed diagnosis of lung cancer due to misdiagnosis as worsening of sarcoidosis: a case report
Authors: Shin Hong-Joon , Kim Min-Seok , Kho Bo Gun , Park Ha Young , Kim Tae-Ok , Park Cheol-Kyu , Oh In-Jae , Kim Yu-Il , Kim Young-Chul , Choi Yoo-Duk , Lim Sung-Chul
Published: March 2020

Background

The concurrence of sarcoidosis and primary lung cancer is very rare. We report a very rare case with a delayed diagnosis of primary lung cancer due to its misdiagnosis as worsening of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old man presented to the outpatient department for evaluation of a mass in the right hilar area with lymphadenopathies in subcarinal and both interlobar areas on chest computed tomography (CT). Sufficient core samples were obtained from subcarinal and bilateral interlobar lymph nodes using endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). EBUS could not reach the right hilar lymph node due to its high angle. The pathologic findings were consistent with sarcoidosis. After 5 months, chest CT revealed aggravation of the right upper paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Assuming worsening of sarcoidosis, he was prescribed an oral corticosteroid for 5 months. However, follow-up chest CT showed a newly developed right lower paratracheal lymphadenopathy and worsening right hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy and EBUS were performed once again. Transbronchial lung biopsy from the right upper lobe and EBUS-TBNA from the right lower paratracheal lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma from the lung.

Conclusions

Although coexistence of sarcoidosis and lung cancer is very rare, the clinician should consider the possibility of accompanying lung cancer in sarcoidosis patients who are not responding to initial corticosteroid therapy.
Ca2+ release and buffering effects of synthetic hydroxyapatite following bacterial acid challenge
Authors: Cieplik Fabian , Rupp Christina M. , Hirsch Stefanie , Muehler Denise , Enax Joachim , Meyer Frederic , Hiller Karl-Anton , Buchalla Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Background

Synthetic particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is used as ingredient in oral care products but its effects on cariogenic biofilms are not clear yet. The primary mode of action of HAP may be acting as a calcium phosphate reservoir when deposited in oral biofilms and release Ca2+ and (hydrogen) phosphate ions upon bacterial acid challenge. The aim of this in vitro study was to test this hypothesis by investigating release of Ca2+ ions and potential buffering effects from HAP upon bacterial acid challenge in planktonic cultures and biofilms of Streptococcus mutans.

Methods

Planktonic cultures of S. mutans were grown in BHI broth with 1% sucrose or with additional 5% HAP or 5% silica for up to 48 h. Separately, biofilms of S. mutans were grown in BHI for 72 h in total. After 24 h of this biofilm culture, either BHI alone or BHI with additional 0.5% HAP or 0.5% silica was added. After 48 h, BHI with 1% sucrose was added to allow bacterial acid formation. Ca2+ release was determined colorimetrically and pH measurements were performed using a pH electrode. For statistical analysis, non-parametrical procedures were applied (n ≥ 10; Mann-Whitney U test; α = 0.05).

Results

Relevant release of Ca2+ was only evident in planktonic cultures or biofilms with HAP but not in both other groups (p ≤ 0.001). In suspended biofilms with HAP, median pH was 4.77 after 72 h and about 0.5 pH units higher as compared to both other groups (4.28 or 4.32, respectively; p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

Under the tested conditions, synthetic HAP releases Ca2+ ions upon bacterial acid challenge and may also show some buffering capacity but further studies are needed to investigate whether the concentrations tested here can also be reached clinically in dental biofilms.
Assessment of Maya women’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on sexually transmitted infections in Guatemala: a qualitative pilot study
Authors: Tasnim Noor , Heneine Emma M. , MacDermod Casey M. , Perez Maria L. , Boyd David L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Despite Guatemala’s large indigenous population, indigenous health is often neglected in reported health data and interventions. Although this data is limited in scope, it shows that indigenous people have poorer health outcomes. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are now a growing threat in Guatemala and pose great risk to the wellbeing of its indigenous population.

Methods

This qualitative pilot study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of STIs through semi-structured interviews among a previously unstudied population of indigenous Maya women (n = 35, ages 18–50) in the six municipalities of Santa Cruz La Laguna, Guatemala.

Results

Four key themes were identified: 1) indigenous Maya women have limited factual knowledge about sex and STIs; 2) widespread partner infidelity minimizes women’s control over preventing STI contraction; 3) close-knit communities and the resulting heightened fear of gossip prevents communication and hinders care seeking; and 4) lack of quality medical care and inaccessibility of biomedical healthcare systems pose barriers to seeking care for potential STIs.

Conclusions

To address these findings, we suggest methods to improve sexual education, combat male infidelity, promote condom use, and improve health services to reduce the incidence of STIs in Maya Guatemala.
Hepatitis E genotype 3 virus isolate from wild boar is capable of replication in non-human primate and swine kidney cells and mouse neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Grigas Juozas , Simkute Evelina , Simanavicius Martynas , Pautienius Arnoldas , Streimikyte-Mockeliune Zaneta , Razukevicius Dainius , Stankevicius Arunas
Published: March 2020

Background

Wild boar-derived hepatitis E (HEV) genotype 3 virus has been successfully isolated in cell lines of human origin only. Considering the zoonotic potential and possible extrahepatic localisation of genotype 3 strain, it is important to investigate the viability of cell lines of different animal and tissue origins. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the permissiveness of non-human primate (MARC-145 and Vero) and swine (PK-15) cell lines of kidney origin, and a mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cell line for isolation of wild boar-derived HEV genotype 3.

Results

This study showed that MARC-145, PK-15, Neuro-2a and Vero cell lines were permissive to wild boar-derived HEV genotype 3 subtype 3i harbouring viral genome equivalents of 1.12 × 107 copies/ml, 2.38 × 105 copies/ml, 2.97 × 107 copies/ml and 4.01 × 107 copies/ml after five serial passages respectively. In all permissive cell lines, HEV was continuously recovered from growth medium between five and at least 28 days post-infection. Peak loads of HEV genome equivalents were observed on days 7, 12, 19 and 30 in MARC-145 (2.88 × 107 copies/ml), Vero (4.23 × 106 copies/ml), Neuro-2a (3.15 × 106 copies/ml) and PK-15 (2.24 × 107 copies/ml) cell lines respectively. In addition, successful virus isolation was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay targeting HEV capsid protein and sequencing of HEV isolate retrieved from cell cultures.

Conclusions

This study showed that wild boar-derived HEV genotype 3 subtype 3i strain was capable of infecting cell lines of animal origin, including primate and porcine kidney cells (MARC-145, PK-15 and Vero), and mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a), supporting the notion of the capacity of HEV genotype 3 to cross the species barrier and extra-hepatic localisation of the virus. These findings warrant further studies of tested cell lines to investigate their capacity as an efficient system for HEV propagation. HEV isolates from other wild animal hosts should be isolated on tested cell lines in order to generate more data on HEV transmission between wild animal populations and their role as sources of human infections.
The predictive study of the relation between elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Lin Tong , Xia Xi , Yu Jing , Qiu Yagui , Yi Chunyan , Lin Jianxiong , Mao Haiping , Yang Xiao , Huang Fengxian
Published: March 2020

Background

The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio constitutes a strong risk predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the association between this ratio and cardiovascular death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is uncertain. The study aimed to investigate whether a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could predict both cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities in patients on PD.

Methods

A total of 1616 incident patients on PD included from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2013 were followed up with until 31 December 2018 in this single-center prospective cohort study. Participants were divided into three categories according to LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertile. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular mortality; the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results

The mean age of the study cohort was 47.5 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.6 kg/m2. During a median follow-up period of 47.6 months, 492 patients died, including 246 (50.0%) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A multivariate analysis revealed that the highest LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertile was significantly associated with increased CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24–2.29; P = 0.001] and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18–1.81; P = 0.001) relative to the lowest tertile. After adjusting for covariates, the HRs of cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.25–2.71; P = 0.002) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03–1.77; P = 0.032). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of CVD death rose with a higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio among PD patients who were female, younger than 65 years old, without being malnourished (BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 or albumin ≥35 g/L), and with a history of diabetes or CVD, respectively.

Conclusions

A high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities among PD patients.
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) as a maintenance therapy for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Marçais Ambroise , Cook Lucy , Witkover Aviva , Asnafi Vahid , Avettand-Fenoel Véronique , Delarue Richard , Cheminant Morgane , Sibon David , Frenzel Laurent , de Thé Hugues , Bangham Charles R. M. , Bazarbachi Ali , Hermine Olivier , Suarez Felipe
Published: March 2020

Background

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive mature lymphoid proliferation associated with poor prognosis. Standard of care includes chemotherapy and/or the combination of zidovudine and interferon-alpha. However, most patients experience relapse less than 6 months after diagnosis. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment, but is only feasible in a minority of cases. We previously showed in a mouse model that Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) targets ATL leukemia initiating cells.

Results

As2O3 consolidation was given in 9 patients with ATL (lymphoma n = 4; acute n = 2; and indolent n = 3), who were in complete (n = 4) and partial (n = 3) remission, in stable (n = 1) and in progressive (n = 1) disease. Patients received up to 8 weeks of As2O3 at the dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously in combination with zidovudine and interferon-alpha. One patient in progression died rapidly. Of the remaining eight patients, three with indolent ATL subtype showed overall survivals of 48, 53 and 97 months, and duration of response to As2O3 of 22, 25 and 73 months. The other 5 patients with aggressive ATL subtype had median OS of 36 months and a median duration of response of 10 months. Side effects were mostly hematological and cutaneous (one grade 3) and reversible with dose reduction of AZT/IFN and/or As2O3 discontinuation. The virus integration analysis revealed the regression of the predominant malignant clone in one patient with a chronic subtype.

Conclusion

These results suggest that consolidation with As2O3 could be an option for patients with ATL in response after induction therapy and who are not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping
Authors: Fimognari Lorenzo , Dölker Rebecca , Kaselyte Greta , Jensen Camilla N. G. , Akhtar Saqib S. , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Roitsch Thomas
Published: March 2020

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions significantly accumulate during biotic and abiotic stress and cause oxidative damage and eventually cell death. There is accumulating evidence that ROS are also involved in regulating beneficial plant–microbe interactions, signal transduction and plant growth and development. Due to the relevance of ROS throughout the life cycle and for interaction with the multifactorial environment, the physiological phenotyping of the mechanisms controlling ROS homeostasis is of general importance.

Results

In this study, we have developed a robust and resource-efficient experimental platform that allows the determination of the activities of the nine key ROS scavenging enzymes from a single extraction that integrates posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulations. The assays were optimized and adapted for a semi-high throughput 96-well assay format. In a case study, we have analyzed tobacco leaves challenged by pathogen infection, drought and salt stress. The three stress factors resulted in distinct activity signatures with differential temporal dynamics.

Conclusions

This experimental platform proved to be suitable to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity signature in different tissues of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous model and crop plants. The universal enzymatic extraction procedure combined with the 96-well assay format demonstrated to be a simple, fast and semi-high throughput experimental platform for the precise and robust fingerprinting of nine key antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants.
Outcomes of reducing stigma towards alcohol misuse during adolescence: results of a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention
Authors: Cheetham Ali , Sandral Emma , Lubman Dan I.
Published: March 2020

Background

While it is well-recognized that the stigma associated with alcohol use problems can prevent or delay help-seeking, there is limited research examining stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse, or their consequences, during adolescence. The current study examined the results of a school-based intervention on adolescents’ stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse among their peers, and how changes in attitudes influenced intentions to encourage help-seeking, as well as participants’ personal use and misuse of alcohol.

Methods

Participants (n = 463) were a subset of a larger sample participating in a randomized controlled trial of the MAKINGtheLINK intervention. Of the included participants, 287 (62%) were allocated to the intervention group and 176 (38%) to the control group. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6-weeks, 6-months, and 12-months post-baseline. At each assessment, participants were presented with a vignette describing a peer experiencing alcohol misuse and completed the General Help Seeking Questionnaire as well as a 10-item scale measuring stigmatising attitudes. Alcohol use was also assessed.

Results

The intervention was associated with a greater reduction in ‘weak-not-sick’ attitudes over time, which in turn predicted stronger intentions to encourage help-seeking from family members and formal help sources at the 12-month follow-up. Perceptions of dangerousness did not change significantly as a result of the intervention, however overall perceptions of dangerousness demonstrated a trend towards encouraging help-seeking from formal sources. Changes in stigma were not associated with past-year alcohol use or problems.

Conclusions

School-based interventions such as MAKINGtheLINK can decrease some stigmatising attitudes towards alcohol misuse during adolescence, and increase adolescents’ intentions to encourage help-seeking from both formal and informal help sources. However, results varied depending on both the dimension of stigma examined and the type of help source, highlighting a complex relationship between stigma, intentions, and sources of help that requires further investigation. Importantly, reducing stigma did not appear to result in negative effects due to greater acceptance of drinking (e.g., heavier alcohol use), supporting continued efforts to reduce alcohol-related stigma during adolescence.

Trial registration: Registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR) on the 27th of February 2013 (ACTRN12613000235707)
Variation in disease phenotype is marked in equine trypanosomiasis
Authors: Raftery Alexandra G. , Jallow Saloum , Coultous Robert M. , Rodgers Jean , Sutton David G. M.
Published: March 2020

Background

Equine trypanosomiasis is a severe and prevalent disease that has the greatest impact globally upon working equids due to its distribution across lower income countries. Morbidity and mortality rates are high; disease management strategies in endemic regions are ineffective and cost prohibitive. Individual variation in disease phenotype in other species suggests host factors could reveal novel treatment and control targets but has not been investigated in equids.

Methods

A prospective clinical evaluation of equines presenting for a free veterinary examination was performed in hyperendemic villages in The Gambia. Age, body condition score and body weight were estimated by validated methods, and haematocrit and total protein concentration measured. Animals fulfilling 2 out of 5 clinical inclusion criteria (anaemia, poor body condition, pyrexia, history of abortion, oedema) for a diagnosis of trypanosomiasis received trypanocidal treatment with follow-up at 1 and 2 weeks. Blood samples underwent PCR analysis with specific Trypanosoma spp. primers and results were compared to the subject’s clinical and clinicopathological features. A mixed effects generalised linear model was generated to evaluate the association of infection status with degree of pyrexia and anaemia.

Results

Morbidity was high within examined (n = 641) and selected (n = 247) study populations. PCR status was not associated with a defined disease phenotype; there was intra- and inter-species variability. Donkeys were more frequently Trypanosoma spp.-positive (P < 0.001) and febrile (P < 0.001) than horses, but infected horses were more anaemic (P < 0.001), and in poorer body condition (P < 0.001) than donkeys. Sex was correlated to disease phenotype: males were more anaemic (P = 0.03) and febrile (P < 0.001). Haemoparasite co-infections were more common than a single infection.

Conclusions

There was evidence of diversity in trypanosomiasis clinical signs plus variable disease phenotypes within equid subpopulations that warrant further investigation. The complex co-infection profile of field cases requires greater consideration to optimise disease management.
Two infant cases of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to a duplication cyst: a case report
Authors: Fukazawa Hiroaki , Kajihara Keisuke , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Fujieda Yuki , Uemura Kotaro , Takeuchi Yuki , Samejima Yoshitomo , Kawahara Insu , Morita Keiichi , Iwade Tamaki , Maeda Kosaku
Published: March 2020

Background

Intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage without trauma is extremely rare. We report two infant cases of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to intestinal duplication.

Case presentation

In case 1, a 2-month-old girl experienced sudden intraperitoneal hemorrhage from the middle colic artery with no apparent trauma. Hemostasis was achieved with suturing of the hemorrhage point, but the cause of hemorrhage was still unknown. Computed tomography after the first operation revealed a duodenal duplication cyst and a pseudopancreatic cyst. Percutaneous drainage of the pseudopancreatic cyst was performed, and the contents had high pancreatic amylase. As the size of the duodenal duplication cyst also decreased with this drainage, we suspected that the duodenal duplication cyst was connected to the pseudopancreatic cyst and the arterial hemorrhage. We hypothesized that the pancreatic juice inside the duplication cyst leaked into the intraperitoneal cavity and caused rupture of the arterial wall. Therefore, marsupialization of the duodenal duplication was performed to evacuate the pancreatic juice contained in the cyst toward the native duodenum. The postoperative course was uneventful.

In case 2, a 6-month-old boy experienced sudden intraperitoneal hemorrhage without trauma. The hemorrhage site was identified as the ileocecal artery, and hemostasis was achieved with sutures. Tissue near the hemorrhage point was biopsied, because the cause of arterial wall rupture was still unknown. The biopsied tissue was found to be intestinal mucosa. The patient had recurrent abdominal pain after the first operation, and computed tomography showed a duplication cyst located near the hemorrhage point. Therefore, we resected the intestinal duplication. Pathology results showed that the intestinal duplication contained intestinal mucosa, ectopic gastric mucosa, and pancreatic tissue. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion

Intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage without trauma is an extremely rare condition, and identifying its cause is difficult. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to intestinal duplication. In cases of unexplained intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage in infants, intestinal duplication near the hemorrhage point should be suspected.
Concurrent high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise modulates systemic release of alarmins (HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70) and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young men: a pilot study
Authors: Goh Jorming , Hofmann Peter , Aw Ning Hong , Tan Poh Ling , Tschakert Gerhard , Mueller Alexander , Wong Siew Cheng , Tan Frankie , Gan Linda Seo Hwee
Published: March 2020

Background

Intense exercise is a systemic stressor associated with the release of “danger” molecules – alarmins, by damaged or dying cells into systemic circulation to evoke a sterile inflammatory response. Compared with research in clinical diseases, physiological responses of alarmins to exercise and training are not well studied. Short-term responses to exercise and training using a panel of alarmins – HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70 and sRAGE may reveal unique aspects of stress responses to strenuous exercise, with important ramifications when prescribing exercise to generally healthy adults.

Methods

A 3-week, high-intensity training program was performed by healthy young men (N = 7). Concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises were performed on 3 consecutive days each week. Blood and saliva were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 30 min (30 min) after exercise each week, and 24 h after the final exercise session in week 3 (24 h).

Results

Plasma HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and HSP70 increased from Pre to Post (P < 0.05), although at different timepoints during the study, and displayed different kinetics from IL-10, IL-8 and IFN-γ, suggesting unique mechanisms involved in modulating their release and clearance. CD14+CD16− monocytes increased from Pre to Post across 3 weeks; CD14+CD16+ monocytes increased from Pre to Post in week 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). ΔHMGB1 and ΔHSP70 correlated positively with ΔMCP-1 during 3 weeks of training. As well, ΔHMGB1 correlated positively with CD14+CD16− monocytes, suggesting higher alarmin release after strenuous exercise may involve increase in circulating monocytes.

Conclusions

Perturbations in systemic alarmins are novel biological signatures for assessing the inflammatory milieu of healthy adults during high-intensity exercise.
US-guided Microwave Ablation of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Longer-Term Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Yue Wen-Wen , Qi Lu , Wang Dan-Dan , Yu Shou-Jun , Wang Xi-Ju , Xu Hui-Xiong , Wang Shu-Rong
Published: March 2020

Background

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has become a main cause of the extremely high incidence of thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of low-risk PTMC with a large population.

Methods

This prospective study was approved by ethics committee of our institution. MWA was performed under US-guidance for 119 unifocal PTMC patients without clinically cervical or distant metastasis. The target ablation zone exceeded the tumor edge judged by contrast-enhanced US to avoid marginal residue and recurrence. US and thyroid function evaluation were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Any adverse event associated with MWA was evaluated.

Results

The follow-up duration after MWA was 37.2 ± 20.9 months (range 12-101 months). Tumor volume decreased significantly from 1.87 ± 1.03 mL immediately after MWA to 0.01 ± 0.04 mL at the final evaluation (P < 0.001), with a mean volume reduction ratio of 99.4 ± 2.2% and 107 cases (93.9%) got complete remission. A patient was detected with cervical lymph node metastasis at 26-month follow-up and underwent 1 additional MWA treatment successfully. No distant metastasis was observed. All the acquired histological pathology results confirmed the absence of residual or recurrent tumor cells after MWA. No delayed complications associated with MWA were encountered for all patients.

Conclusions

Percutaneous MWA is technically feasible for complete PTMC destruction and showed well longer-term effectiveness; thus, it seems to be an effective nonsurgical therapy to complement the current recommendation for selected low-risk PTMC patients.
A Clinic-based Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes in High-risk Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lawson Chelsea , Ahmed S Naseeruddin , Brady Cassandra , Shoemaker Ashley H
Published: March 2020

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is increasing in prevalence. Diabetes screening is recommended for at-risk youth but best-practice strategies for management of pediatric prediabetes are unknown. This study leverages a pediatric prediabetes clinic to assess identification of high-risk patients, the rate of clinic follow-up and progression to T2D in youth over time.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of children referred to a single center for evaluation of prediabetes over a 3-year period. Measurements included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) and oral glucose tolerance testing. Patients were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D based on 2019 American Diabetes Association criteria. Patients classified as IGT/T2D were prescribed metformin.

Results

Of the 254 patients included; 25.6% had IGT and 6.7% had T2D. The IGT/T2D groups were older and more obese than the NGT group. There was a moderate correlation between HbA1C and fasting glucose (r = 0.59, P < 0.001); HbA1C and 2-hour glucose (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). Over the 3-year study, 52 of 82 patients with IGT/T2D (63%) returned for follow-up. Four patients regained NGT; 3 of those had isolated impaired fasting glucose (100 to 102 mg/dL). Three patients (4.6%) progressed from IGT to T2D over an average of 13 ± 6.2 months. In those patients, body mass index had increased 1.7 ± 2.3 kg/m2 from baseline.

Conclusions

A pediatric prediabetes clinic may allow for identification of high-risk youth but lost to follow-up rates are high. Continued weight gain is a risk factor for progression to T2D and effective weight management programs are needed.
Seasonal catch composition and catch per unit effort of coastal fishery in Yenişakran (Çandarlı Bay, Aegean Sea)
Authors: Genç Tuğçe Şensurat , Akyol Okan
Published: March 2020

This study presents the catch records of a coastal fisherman during daily fishing trip between 2017 and 2018 in Yenişakran, Çandarlı Bay (Aegean Sea). The trammel net and longline were used at depths of 5-25 m on a sandy bottom and the sea meadows during the year. A total of 39 species were identified from the both trammel netting and the longlining. Mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) values (8.7±0.1 kg/1000 m net and 12.9±0.8 kg/1000 hooks) shown that longlining was more efficient fishing gear than the trammel netting. In terms of mean CPUE values, there is significantly difference between trammel netting and longlining (p<0.05).
Abatement efficiency and fate of EPA-Listed PAHs in aqueous medium under simulated solar and UV-C irradiations, and combined process with TiO2 and H2O2
Authors: Kargar Navid , Amani-Ghadim Ali Reza , Matin Amir Abbas , Matin Golnar , Buyukisik Hasan Baha
Published: March 2020

Photolytic degradation of dissolved compounds of 16 EPA-Listed PAHs in aqueous medium, exposed to ultraviolet/ titanium dioxide (UV-C/TiO2), xenon light/ titanium dioxide (Xe/TiO2), xenon light/ hydrogen peroxide (Xe/H2O2) and ultraviolet/ hydrogen peroxide (UV-C/H2O2) was studied. The compounds which detected above detection limit of applied analytical method and instrument include: naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu), fluoranthene (Fln) and pyrene (Pyr) survived. A time-course experiment (0, 1, 2, 5, 12 min) was performed to determine the fate of PAHs profile along treatments. After accomplishment of the removal process ∑6 PAHs ranked as follow: UV-C/TiO2 > Xe/TiO2 > UV-C > Xe > Xe/H2O2, and UV-C /H2O2 with estimated values of 76.38, 23.02, 22.55, 2.78, 0.00 and 0.00% of the concentration values at the beginning of the treatment, respectively. High efficiency of Xe/H2O2 treatment process (100.00%) at the end of treatment and the structure of residual PAHs which changed to the lighter compounds (2,3-ringed PAHs) before accomplishment of the removal process were proven. Generally, low resistance of Fln to all treatment conditions was observed. Total removal of Nap was considered to be a characteristic PAH compound for completion of the removal of PAHs. Mutate of parent PAH compounds and intermediates were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the results suggest the evaluating the toxicity of the treated water due to by-product formation concerns.
Determination of quorum sensing system via biosensor strains and virulence factors in fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Filik Nurdan , Kubilay Ayşegül
Published: March 2020

Quorum Sensing is a system that produces critical virulence factors, virulent get bacteria and manages the disease as a result, and when they realize that the bacteria reach the majority they want by enabling them to communicate with the signal molecules themselves. In this study, Quorum Sensing system of Aeromonas hydrophila (2 strains) which is the causative agent of fish infection Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease was studied. In the strains, primarily the production of N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (BHL) and N-(3-octododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) signaling molecules was investigated via Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumafeciens NT1 biosensor strains. A. hydrophila produced BHL signaling molecule in assay committed using C. violaceum CV026 strain, producing OdDHL signaling molecule in assay committed using A. tumefaciens NT1 strain. A. hydrophila was investigated as phenotypically by the detection of BHL and OdDHL signaling molecules and in the presence of virulence factors controlled by quorum sensing system such as ramnolipid, elastase, protease, amylase, hemolysis production dependent on these molecules. The ramnolipid, protease, amylase and hemolysis activities of A. hydrophila strains were found to be positive. A. hydrophila has less elastase activity than Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 control strain. Research has emphasizing A. hydrophila strains are within a population and that they have a of quorum sensing system, shown that they act collectively that determined they produces dangerous virulence factors that cause disease in fish.
Comparison on nutritional properties of wild and cultured brown trout and Atlantic salmon
Authors: Erdem Ömer Alper , Alkan Başak , Dinçer Mehmet Tolga
Published: March 2020

Brown trout is a fish species that both is caught and is cultured. This study has presented a comparison on proximate composition, fatty acids profile and lipid quality of wild- and cultured brown trout, and Atlantic salmon. Crude protein and crude oil of Atlantic salmon were found highest than wild and cultured brown trout and significantly differences (P<0.05). Although there is no significantly difference (P<0.05) between cultured brown trout and Atlantic salmon on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), there are significantly differences (P<0.05) between three fish samples on linoleic acid, linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) values. Cultured brown trout has given lowest oleic acid (C18:1n9c) value and ƩMUFAs (Mono unsaturated fatty acids) with 28.05% and 35.43%. Atherogenic index and thrombogenic index of all groups were found low values. Although the highest value h/H was found in Atlantic salmon, the highest value of FLQ (Flesh lipid quality) was found in cultured brown trout.
The effects of nisin used at different concentrations on fatty acids profile of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets under chilled (4±2°C) and vacuum-packed conditions
Authors: Uçar Yılmaz , Özoğul Fatih , Durmuş Mustafa , Kösşker Ali Rıza , Özoğul Yeşim
Published: March 2020

In this study the effects of nisin used at different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% w/v) on the fatty acids profile of vacuum-packed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets were investigated during the 18 day of cold storage period. As a result of the fatty acid analysis throughout storage high concentration saturated fatty acids (SFA) were determined as myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) and high concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were determined as palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1n9), waxenic acid (C18:1n7), eicozenoic acid (C20:1n9). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which were determined at high concentration were linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3). At the end of the storage period, saturated fatty acid levels in the control and nisin treatment groups increased and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels generally decreased. This is thought to be related to the transformation of especially unsaturated fatty acids to peroxides and aldehydes, ketones and alcohols as a result of auto-oxidation reactions. In the present study, lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were found in the control group on the last day of the storage period. Among treatment groups, 0.8% nisin group gave the highest PUFA content. It was thought that the application of nisin delay the auto-oxidation reactions of unsaturated fatty acids. It was thought that the type of oil used to prepare nanoemulsions can have a positive effect on fatty acid compositions. As a result, it is thought that the nisin depending on the dose used can have a positive effect on fatty acid compositions of seabass fillets.
Extraction of trypsin enzyme from visceral organs of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and determination of some functional characteristics
Authors: Erkan Boğaçhan Burak , Çaklı Şükran
Published: March 2020

In this study, nutritional composition analysis of internal organs of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), trypsin activity determination of trypsin enzyme obtained from internal organs, protein solubility and color values of extracted trypsin parameters examined. Nutritional composition of internal organs: the moisture content of the anchovy internal organs 78.92±0.11 %, the ash 2.26±0.55 %, the protein 10.82±2.05 %, the fat 6.49±0.55 % were estimated. The moisture content of the sardine internal organs 81.07±1.03 %, the ash 0.71±0.04 %, the protein 5.08±2.08 %, the fat 2.01±0.17 % were estimated. Enzyme activity and spesicific activity of anchovy trypsin which are 0.064 U/mg, 0.17 U/ml were estimated, respectively. Enzyme activiy of sardine trypsin as 0.051 U/ml and spesific activity as 0.19 U/mg were estimated. In the enzyme purification step, 13.6 g of 1 kg anchovy and 18.9 g of powder trypsin were obtained from 1 kg sardine.
Determination of some population dynamical parameters of Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 for Melendiz River (Konya Endorheic Basin)
Authors: Seçer Burak , Cömertpay Umut , Sungur Sevil , Çiçek Erdoğan
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine population parameters of Squalius cappadocicus in Melendiz River. A total of 357 specimens, collected 2016 June-2017August. Age of the specimens ranged from 0th to 5th age groups and dominant age group was found I (30,53%) followed by 0th (%28,29) and 2nd (%20,44) age groups. Total length varied from 2.6-24.5 cm with the mean of 11.27±3.88 cm, total weight ranged from 0.44 to 202.99 with the mean of 23.57±25.32 g. Length-weight relationship were estimated W=0.0120*L2.9882. Estimated population parameters were calculated as L∞: 44.21 cm, k: 0.098, to: -1.47, Φꞌ: 2.28 and K: 1.13 for the population. Mortality and exploitation rates estimated as Z: 0.37, M: 0.32, F: 0.05 and E: 0.13, respectively. These values suggested that there is no over fishing pressure on the population.
Gutting process in horse mackerel: Relationship between quality, food safety, public health
Authors: Şengör Gülgün F. Ünal , Ceylan Zafer , Yardımcı Remziye Eda , Özturan Samime
Published: March 2020

The preservation of the freshness of seafood until the consumption following the catching is possible by storing in cold storage conditions in compliance with hygiene rules. Fish products purchased for consumption at homes and in the restaurants should be stored under cold storage conditions after being gutted in order to avoid loss of quality if they will not be consumed immediately. In this study, the effect of the gutting process applied to the horse mackerel fish samples on the quality of the fish stored at +4 ° C was revealed. TMAB load in the ungutted fish samples (TB) was found to be lower 21% as compared to the gutted samples (BB). Chemical deterioration (in TVBN and TBARS) between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0,05). In addition to this, the sensory quality difference was detected in both fish groups in parallel with the changes in eye fluid refractive indexes. This study has revealed that the gutting process that may be applied at home or in the restaurants, will delay the sensory, chemical deterioration and microbiological spoilage in the fish samples. Therefore, this food application will have made a significant contribution to the protection of food safety and public health in the mentioned places.
Analyzing the Need to Reinstate the NGT Ban with Respect to Meghalaya’s Rat-Hole Mines
Authors: Moses Antony
Published: March 2020

On 13th December 2018, 15 miners were trapped in a rat-hole mine in the East Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. This incident happened despite the ban imposed and the detailed guidelines laid down by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014, in response to the South Garo Hills incident. As of date, no concrete legislative measures have been implemented by the State Government of Meghalaya, nor by the respective autonomous District Councils to regulate coal-mining. Clothed with the protection conferred by the Sixth Schedule, the State harbors rampant scientific mining practices, and its administration argues that it is a necessity for the economic development of the State. As a result, agriculture has been brought to a standstill and the coal mafia plaguing the State has received an added impetus. Rehabilitation of citizens remains a distant dream and the Sixth Schedule protection afforded to the State, facilitates exploitation instead of protecting the masses. This article will argue strongly for the continuation of the NGT Ban and analyze and counter popular arguments that have been presented for the legalization of coal mining in Meghalaya.
The effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on working memory in the elderly with normal cognitive impairments
Authors: Firouzkouhi Moghadam Mahboubeh , KamaliArdekani Mona , Shamsi Alireza
Published: March 2020

Aim of the study

Reduced cognitive function is one of the problems caused by aging, which leads to reduced performance of the elderly. This is a study to evaluate the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on working memory in the elderly with normal cognitive impairments.

Subject or material and methods

In this clinical trial, 45 elderlies participating in a self-care educational course in Zahedan, Iran, in 2016, were assigned into three groups of F3, F4, and sham stimulation. From all the participants, 2-back, forward and backward digit span, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were taken.

Results

The three groups showed no significant difference in the mean score of 2-back test at different time points.The three groups showed no significant difference in mean score of backward digit span test at different time points. The mean score of backward digit span test was significantly higher in the F3 group after the intervention.

Discussion

Discussion: The results of this study indicate that the score changes in the 2-back and the forward digit span tests were significant only in the F3 group. Also, the F4 group showed a significant difference at all the time points after the intervention, compared to before the intervention, but this change was less than that in the F3 group.

Conclusions

This study shows that tDCS can improve working memory performance via F3method. The tDCS can cause working memory improvement and naming facilitation by stimulation.