bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Triple Arthrodesis Equivalent for Complete Extruded Missing Talus with Associated Midfoot Instability
Authors: Metcalf Kathryn B. , Ochenjele George
Published: June 2020

Case:

Complete extrusion of the talus is rare and associated with high rates of complications including infection, osteonecrosis, persistent pain and stiffness, and post-traumatic arthritis. Less well described is associated midfoot instability. We report a case of a complete extruded missing talus that resulted in significant midfoot instability treated with a modified triple arthrodesis of the tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints.

Conclusions:

This approach resulted in a radiographic fusion at 3 months without complication, acceptable subjective and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) scores at the 18-month follow-up, and presents a viable treatment strategy in the case of a complete extruded missing talus.
Orthopaedic Trauma-Induced Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Hoelscher Skyler , Hunter Abigail , Barcak Eric , Wheeler Michael , Mapula Steven
Published: June 2020

Case:

We present a case of a 60-year-old polytraumatized man who developed postoperative pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) after his initial stabilization procedures, mimicking a postoperative infection. This caused a delay in diagnosis, leading to progression of his wounds and a delay in initiation of the appropriate treatment. Once his PG was appropriately treated, his clinical status and wounds improved. He underwent successful wound coverage by plastic surgery and has been recovering from his injuries.

Conclusion:

Prompt identification and initiation of treatment for postoperative PG is critical to avoid exacerbation of wounds and subsequent morbidity to the patient.
Unlocking Unconventional Reservoir for Optimum Production Through Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Approach - A Case Study
Authors: M. Faskhoodi Majid , Damani Akash , Kanneganti Kousic , Zaluski Wade , Ibelegbu Charles , Qiuguo Li , Xu Cindy , Mukisa Herman , Ali Lahmar Hakima , Andjelkovic Dragan , Perez Michi Oscar , Zhmodik Alexey , Rivero Jose A. , Ameuri Raouf
Published: June 2020

To unlock unconventional reservoirs for optimum production, maximum contact with the reservoir is required; however, excessively dense well placement and hydraulic fractures interconnection is a source of well-to-well interaction which impairs production significantly. The first step to have successful and effective well completion is to understand the characteristics of the hydraulic fractures and how they propagate in reservoir. This paper demonstrates an integrated approach with a field example in the Montney formation for how modern modeling techniques were used to understand and optimize hydraulic fracture parameters in unconventional reservoir.

Advanced logs from vertical wells and 3D-seismic were used to build an integrated geological model. Lamination index analysis was performed, using borehole imagery data to account for interaction of hydraulic fracture with vertically segregated rock fabric and to provide additional control on hydraulic fracture height growth during modeling process. A non-uniform Discrete-Fracture-Network (DFN) model was constructed. 3D-geo-mechanical model was built and initialized, using sonic log and seismic data.

Fluid friction and leak-off was calibrated, using treatment pressure and DFIT data. Hydraulic fracture modeling was done for pad consists of 6 horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing treatments, by utilizing actual pumped schedules and calibrating it against microseismic data.

High-stress anisotropy led to planar hydraulic fractures despite presence of natural fractures in area. Fracturing sequence, i.e., effect of stress shadow, is seen to have major impact on hydraulic fracture geometry and propped surface area. Heatmaps were generated to estimate average stimulated and propped rock volume in section. It was also observed that rock fabrics, i.e., natural fracture and lamination has considerable impact on propagation of hydraulic fracture. Multiple realizations of natural fracture and lamination distribution were generated and used as an input in modeling process.

High resolution unstructured simulation grids were generated to capture fracture dimensions and conductivities, as well as track propped and unpropped regions in stimulation network. Dynamic model was constructed and calibrated against historical production data. History matched model was then used as predictive tool for pad development optimization and to evaluate parent-child interaction in depleted environment.
ESP Operational Challenges in Complex Mature Oilfield in the North Sea
Authors: Bisso Bi Mba Edna Michelle , Diker Göktug , Frohberg Andree
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the well under consideration is a horizontal oil production well located in the northern part of the Mittelplate oilfield, Germany’s largest oilfield. The well production started in July 2017 via electrical submersible pump (ESP) at an average initial liquid rate of 115 m³/d with no water production. One year after production start, the ESP performance decreased resulting to a significant drop in oil production. Since then, the well has been operated as an intermittent producer to prevent severe damages at the ESP. The objective of this study is to describe the different measures carried out to restore well productivity and present results achieved. Based on previous field experiences, it was assumed that the ESP performance reduction was due to asphaltene precipitations in the pump. The well was therefore regularly treated with aromatic washouts to dissolve asphaltene depositions. An attempt to achieve a more suitable and cost-effective alternative to the aromatic washouts was tested with asphaltene dispersant injection through the chemical injection line (CIL) of the well. After several months of field test, the aromatic washouts as well as dispersant injection could not improve the well performance. An additional measure to increase well productivity was to support the reservoir pressure in the northern part of the reservoir. This was implemented in late 2018 whereby, a nearby production well was converted into an injection well with a steady increase in injection rate. Increased bottom hole flowing pressures are being observed currently at production wells. However, it is challenging to evaluate the effect of the injection at the target well without downhole pressure data. At present, the well is still operated as an intermittent producer with prolonged downtime periods allowing stronger pressure buildups at the perforations. It is planned to further increase injection rate to enhance pressure support in the region. An interwell water tracer campaign, currently in design for the field, is aimed to determine water breakthrough times and sources and establish reservoir flow patterns within the reservoir.
Compaction Drive Characterization for Field Development Screening
Authors: Ali Amna , Bacci Giacomo , Da Cruz Mauro , Harrison Peter
Published: June 2020

Evaluation of reservoir drive mechanisms is an important part of the field development planning process as it underpins recovery and defines project scope. Optimization of project scope (and resulting CAPEX) and the associated recoverable resource requires understanding of the natural reservoir energy and contribution of Improved Oil Recovery techniques such as water injection. This paper describes the evaluation of compaction drive for deep water fields for a development screening study. Pore volume compressibility has been characterized based on field burial depth, core analysis, tidal analysis and log data. Integration of this data provides a valuable knowledge base for regional screening and to bridge data gaps by enabling the use of more readily available log data for fields where a specific core laboratory test is not available.

The primary source of information for pore volume compressibility is the laboratory testing on core. For the three fields included in the development screening study, only two have core testing results available for PV compressibility. A comprehensive analysis is undertaken to verify the core test results and to deduce the expected range of PV compressibility for the third field. The connected volume of the field (oil and aquifer zones) is an essential consideration for compaction drive. This is illustrated with material balance analyses of fields with limited vs significant aquifer support and implications on recoverable resource.

Uniaxial tests on core samples are used to quantify static PV compressibility but these measurements are not available for all reservoirs. The effectiveness of establishing analogue trends and correlations for the characterization of PV compressibility is also demonstrated. Burial depth can be an initial indicator but may not be valid in all cases and an example of a geologically uplifted field is considered to help illustrate this. Reservoir pressure response to sea tide loading gives an indication of dynamic pore volume compressibility. The P wave modulus derived from sonic and density log data is shown to be very effective for the characterization. Even if a field is proved to have high pore volume compressibility, sufficient connected volume is required to benefit from the compaction drive and achieve sufficient recovery. Connected volume for the three fields included for the screening study is evaluated with aquifer mapping, comparison of pressure gradients with regional trends and consideration of potential barriers including faults and heavy oil at the oil water contact which is observed for one of the fields. The implications of these observations for field development planning are reviewed.
The bacteriostatic effect and mechanism of berberine on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Fangfang , Xu Minyi , Lu Pei , Lin Ming , Zhu Xueyuan , Gong Wei , Ji Shuiying
Published: June 2020

Background: To observe the bacteriostatic effect of berberine (BBR) and BBR combined with gentamicin (GEN), levofloxacin (LEV) and amikacin (AMI) on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while also exploring the bacteriostatic mechanism of BBR on MRSA. Results: The MICs range of BBR on 26 strains of MRSA was 32-256 µg/mL. BBR combined with GEN, LEV and AMI had obvious bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. After co-culturing MRSA with BBR at 512 µg/mL, 64 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively, the electrical conductivity increased, compared with the control group, by 8.14%, 13.08% and 12.01%, respectively. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that low concentration of BBR (8 µg/mL; 1/8 MIC) caused no significant damage to MRSA, and the bacterial structure of MRSA remained intact, while high concentration of BBR (512 µg/mL; 8 MIC) induced the destruction and dissolution of MRSA cell wall structure and the leakage of bacterial contents, leading to bacterial lysis. RNA-sequencing results showed that there were 754 differentially expressed genes in the high concentration group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the low concentration group, there were 590 differentially expressed genes in the high concentration group. Compared with the control group, only 19 genes were differentially expressed in the low concentration group. The up-regulated genes are mainly related to the cell wall hydrolysis regulatory genes, while the down-regulated genes are mainly related to the serine protease family. Conclusions: BBR displayed an excellent bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR combined with GEN and AMI significantly enhanced the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA, while BBR combined with LEV showed no significant change in the bacteriostatic effect on MRSA. BBR inhibited bacteria by destroying and dissolving the structure of MRSA cell wall. RNA-sequencing results further demonstrated that the expression of cell wall hydrolysis genes ssaA, lytM and virulence factor serine protease genes were significantly differentially expressed when high concentration BBR treated on MRSA.
DICOM segmentation and STL creation for 3D Printing: A Process and Software Package Comparison for Osseous Anatomy
Authors: Kamio Takashi , Suzuki Madoka , Asaumi Rieko , Kawai Taisuke
Published: June 2020

Background: Extracting and three-dimensional (3D) printing an organ in a region of interest in DICOM images typically calls for segmentation as a first step in support of 3D printing. The DICOM images are not exported to STL data immediately, but segmentation masks are exported to STL models. After primary and secondary processing, including noise removal and hole correction, the STL data can be 3D printed. The quality of the 3D model is directly related to the quality of the STL data. This study focuses and reports on the DICOM to STL segmentation performance for nine software packages. Methods: Multidetector row CT scanning was performed on a dry human mandible with two 10-mm-diameter bearing balls as a phantom. The DICOM image file was then segmented and exported to an STL file using nine different commercial/open-source software packages. Once the STL models were created, the data (file) properties and the size and volume of each file were measured, and differences across the software packages were noted. Additionally, to evaluate differences between the shapes of the STL models by software package, each pair of STL models was superimposed, with the observed differences between their shapes characterized as the shape error. Results: The data (file) size of the STL file and the number of triangles that constitute each STL model were different across all software packages, but no statistically significant differences were found across software packages. The created ball STL model expanded in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions, with the length in the Z-axis direction (body axis direction) being slightly longer than that in the other directions. The mean shape error between software packages of the mandibular STL model was 0.11 mm, but there was no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusions: Our results revealed that there are some differences between the software packages that perform the segmentation and STL creation of the DICOM image data. In particular, the features of each software package appeared in the fine and thin areas of the osseous structures. When using these software packages, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of each.
Occupational injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels among fitness and swimming instructors.
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Merati Giampiero , Agnello Luca , Grevers Dorothée , Maggioni Martina Anna
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Few data has been published on occupational disorders among sport instructors, especially regarding those who are expected to continuously practice while teaching. As the number of sport instructors is increasing, new specific information about their possible injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels is needed. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess occupational disorders, cardiorespiratory fitness, and daily workload of fitness (FI) and swimming instructors (SI). Methods. An online survey addressing occupational disorders was conduct among 435 instructors (256 FI and 179 SI). In a subgroup, cardiorespiratory fitness level was evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an indicator. Daily workload was monitored by heart rate (HR) and perception of exertion.Results. Of the two groups, FI exhibited a higher 2-year prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and SI experienced more upper respiratory tract infections. O2max ranged from 47.0±4.0 to 51.9±3.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, and was similar between FI and SI. Regarding the daily workload, female SI had significantly higher HRmean and HRmean/HRmax compared to female FI, but no significant differences between male FI and SI were found. No significant differences were observed between the perceived exertion of FI and SI.Conclusions. Preventive strategies for the reduction of occupational disorders in FI and SI are needed.
Self-monitoring of blood pressure to improve hypertension management in a middle-income country: A proof of concept study
Authors: Akl Christelle , Rashidi Nadine , Akik Chaza , Hitti Eveline , Hamadeh Ghassan , Badr Kamal , Romani Maya , Mallat Samir , Ghassani Ali , Ohanian Serop , Wafaie Fawzi , Ghattas Hala , Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf
Published: June 2020

Background

Self-monitoring of blood pressure has been shown to optimize the management of blood pressure in high-income settings, but there is less evidence from low-to-middle income countries. We designed a proof-of-concept pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention built around self-monitoring of blood pressure and health education, and to measure its association with reduced blood pressure among hypertensives. The study was conducted in Lebanon, a country where the management of hypertension presents challenges similar to those faced in countries of the Arab region and other middle-income countries.
Methods

We conducted a parallel two-arm pilot trial with a mixed-method approach to investigate the effect of the intervention on patient experience. Hypertensive patients (n = 80) were recruited at two primary and one tertiary health centers in Beirut, and were randomly allocated (1:1) to either an intervention group where patients received blood pressure devices, diaries and educational sessions, or a control group where patients received standard of care as practiced in their health centers. The main outcomes were feasibility (recruitment, retention and adherence), acceptability, and changes in systolic blood pressure. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained at baseline and 6 weeks later.
Results

The recruitment rates for the study was 52% and retention was 95%. Most participants in the self-monitoring group (33/38) reported that the device was convenient and easy to use. Complete case analysis showed that blood pressure monitoring was associated with a greater reduction in systolic (-6.3 mmHg, 95%CI [-12.4; − 0.17]) and diastolic (-1.9 mmHg, 95%CI [-6.34; 2.58]) blood pressure in the self-monitoring group (n = 36) as compared to the standard of care group (n = 36). Improved knowledge of hypertension was also observed in the self-monitoring group. There were no adverse events related to study participation.
Conclusions

Self-monitoring is acceptable and feasible and has the potential to improve hypertension management. Our results should be further tested in trials with adequate statistical power and longer follow-up periods to examine the effectiveness of the intervention on blood pressure levels.
Trial Registration and funding:

Retrospectively Registered on April 3, 2020. ISRCTN 16450193. Funded by the Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery.
Evaluation of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Compost Produced from Coffee Pulp and Locally Available Organic Matter at Dale District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hirpa Giche Yadesa
Published: June 2020

Background: Inadequate disposal of coffee waste have led to serious environmental problems, and requiring efficient measures to recycling these wastes. Composting is thus, environmental friendly option for utilization of this waste. Therefore this study was to evaluate some physicochemical parameters of compost produced from coffee pulp with cow dung and enset leaf (Ensete ventricosum).Results: Treatments were built in randomized complete block design with proportions of treatment one (90% of coffee pulp and 10% of top soil), treatment two (65% of coffee pulp, 25% of cow dung and 10% of top soil), treatment three (65% of coffee pulp, 25% of enset leaf and 10% of top soil) and treatment four (50% of coffee pulp, 20% of cow dung, 20% of enset leaf and 10% of top soil). It conducted for 80 days, from December 28, 2018 to March 17, 2019. Some physicochemical parameters were determined at 25, 55 and 80 days of composting and mean value of bulk density, moisture content, pH, electric conductivity, organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total potassium and C/N ratio were 483.6 kg/m3–487.11 kg/m3, 50.74–52.43%, 7.45–8.36, 3.08mS/cm-3.42mS/cm, 45.26%-46.99%, 26.19%-27.27%, 1.54%-1.61%, 0.41%-0.59%, 0.75%-1.15% and 17.5-18.44 respectively.Conclusions: pH of treatment four was more neutral than from all and total potassium of treatment four was more nutrient content than the rest. Thus, experimental results showed that treatment four was better for quality compost preparation and provides baseline information for coffee pulp waste management simultaneously.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Specimens of Inpatients, Covert Infectors and Discharged Persons
Authors: Yang Xiaorong , Zeng Linzi , Huang Yulan , Ye Ping , Tian Zicheng , Zhou Jiushun , Li Wei
Published: June 2020

With emergence of pandemic COVID-19, the detection of virus in clinical samples is important. This study compared different clinical samples detectd from inpatient, covert infector and discharged persons, Overall, Some new possible transmission of the virus by patient,covert or discharged person were unknown..
Correlativity between osteocalcin and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly population
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Zhimian
Published: June 2020

Background and Objective: With the increase of aging, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between osteocalcin and coronary calcification.Methods: A total of 150 middle-aged and elderly physical examination subjects who had undergone coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) were selected as the research objects. The calcification score of the coronary artery was calculated according to the Agatston (AS) integral method, and the total score was divided into the coronary artery calcification group and the non-calcification group. The indexes of N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), routine biochemical indexes and basic conditions of each patient were recorded.Results: In the comparison of general data between the non-calcification group and the calcification group, the differences in age(P＜0.001), pressure difference (P = 0.01)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)(P＜0.001)were statistically significant, the differences in smoking history (P＜0.001)and drinking history (P＜0.001)were statistically significant, and the differences in N-MID (P＜0.001)were statistically significant. Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) was correlated with age, pressure difference, LDL-C, N-MID, smoking history and drinking history. The four variables, age, LDL, N-MID, and smoking history, have certain effects on coronary artery calcification (CAC).Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examination, N-MID is correlated with CAC and can be used as a predictive indicator.
Negative association between antibiotics and clinical activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Jin Hui , Jing Boya , Lai Ruixue , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Qun , Guo Zhanjun
Published: June 2020

Background

Antibiotics (ATBs) induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota by altering the diversity and composition of the microbiota, which mediates the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapy. The influence of dysbiosis induced by ATB administration on primary resistance to chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) has rarely studied. We evaluated the effect of ATB administration on chemotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced GC.
Methods

Patients with GC were divided into two groups according to the statues of ATB administration: ATB-treated and control groups. Tumor responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed.
Results

We found that the incidence of progressive disease in the ATB-treated group was significantly higher when compared with that in the control group that received no ATB treatment (72.73% vs. 29.55%, p = 0.007). In addition, ATB administration was associated with shorter PFS [median PFS: 1.47 vs. 4.97 months, hazard ratio (HR): 2.296, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.214–4.342, p = 0.011] and reduced OS (median OS: 9.97 vs. 13.3 months, HR: 2.101, 95% CI: 1.030–4.286, p = 0.041) based on univariate analysis. Subsequent multivariate analysis also indicated that ATB administration was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR: 3.361, 95% CI: 1.592–7.097, p = 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.042–4.991, p = 0.039).
Conclusions

ATB administration is associated with reduced chemotherapy efficacy and poor prognosis in patients with advanced GC. Modulations in ATB-related dysbiosis and gut microbiota composition improve the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy.
Effects of phages on the gut microbiota and their impact on probiotic efficacy in broiler chickens
Authors: Tan Geok Hun , Asrore Mohd Shaufi Mohd , Omar Abdul Rahman , Chong Chun Wie
Published: June 2020

Background

Probiotics are the most recognised alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for poultry production. They adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells to exert their beneficial effects on the host. However, this is often restricted by indigenous gut microbes that compete for adhesion sites and nutrients. Therefore, phage application has been proposed to reduce the competition of probiotics with gut microbiota. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phages on the gut microbiota and their impact on probiotic efficacy in chickens.

Results

Four best Escherichia coli lytic phages were selected and characterised. The in vivo trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary treatments of phage cocktail at 0.1% (1ɸ) and 0.2% (2ɸ), 0.1% PrimaLac ® probiotic (P) and their combinations (1ɸP, 2ɸP) on growth performance and gut microbiota of chickens. The results from the in vivo trial showed that chickens in the 1ɸP group had significantly (P < 0.05) better body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), lower serum triglycerides and higher ileal villus height than the control. Chickens in the 1ɸP group also had higher (P < 0.05) ileal villus height, and lower crypt depth than those in the probiotic group. The gut microbiota profiles revealed that 1ɸP supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli population, increased (P < 0.001) short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, and improved (P < 0.001) gene expressions that are related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, and nutrient uptake.

Conclusions

The results from this study showed that 1ɸP treatment could modulate the gut microbiota and enhance growth performance in chickens. This finding could be considered as a potential alternative to AGPs for poultry.
Effects of dietary lysine levels on production performance, milk composition and plasma metabolites of the high-producing lactating sows
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhouyuanfei Yuanfei , Xia Xiong , Wang Chao , Wei Hongkui , Peng Jian
Published: June 2020

Background

Modern genotype sows require better nutrition because of larger body size and higher reproductive performance. Especially primiparous sows not only meet the needs of lactation, but also meet the needs of their own growth and development. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine over two consecutive lactations on lactation and subsequent reproductive performance in primiparous sows.
Results

A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Lactation diets were formulated to contain 0.84, 0.94, 1.04, and 1.14% SID Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp and Val. There were no dietary effects on sows body weight and backfat change and feed intake of sows during lactation. However, WEI (P = 0.07) tended to be a quadratic effect by increasing dietary Lys level. Compared with the primiparous, sows had greater body weight (P < 0.01) and backfat thickness (P < 0.01) of sows at farrowing and at weaning, and weight loss (P = 0.01) during the second lactation period. Higher Lys level during lactation increased survival rate of piglets (P = 0.03), weight of piglets (P = 0.04), and weight gain of piglets at weaning (P = 0.05). Dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, fat (P = 0.04), protein (P = 0.03), solid not fat (P = 0.03), total solids content (P = 0.04), and moisture (P = 0.04) in milk increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of Lys. Likewise, PUN level was increased (P = 0.04). There were significant linear increases in plasma Lys (P = 0.02), Met (P = 0.05), and Val (P = 0.04) levels as dietary Lys level increased at weaning. Furthermore, there were significant linear increases in milk Asp, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp and Val levels as dietary lysine level increased (P < 0.05) at 21 d of lactation.
Conclusions

These results indicated that primiparous sows need higher dietary lysine levels than multiparous sow. Moreover, impacts of dietary amino acids on reproductive performance could be mediated through milk compositions change and increasing amino acid concentration.
Plasma-treated water affects Listeria monocytogenes vitality and biofilm formation
Authors: Handorf Oliver , Pauker Viktoria Isabella , Weihe Thomas , Schnabel Uta , Freund Eric , Bekeschus Sander , Riedel Katharina , Ehlbeck Jörg
Published: June 2020

Plasma-generated compounds (PGCs) such as plasma-processed air (PPA) or plasma-treated water (PTW) offer an increasingly important alternative for the treatment of microorganisms in hard-to-reach areas found in several industrial applications including the food industry. To this end, we studied the antimicrobial capacity of plasma-treated water on the vitality and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes, a common food spoilage microorganism. Using a microwave plasma (MidiPLexc), 10 ml of deionized water was treated for 100 s, 300 s and 900 s (pretreatment time) and the bacterial biofilm was subsequently exposed to the PTW for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min (posttreatment time) for each pretreatment time separately. Colony-forming units (CFU), metabolic activity, and cell vitality were reduced for 4.7 log10, 47.9%, and 69.5%, respectively. Live/dead staining and fluorescence microscopy showed a positive correlation between treatment and incubation times and reduction in vitality. Atomic force microscopy indicated a change in the plasticity of the bacteria. These results suggest a promising antimicrobial impact of plasma-treated water on Listeria monocytogenes, which may lead to more targeted applications of plasma decontamination in the food industry in the future.
Fecal Carriage and Molecular Epidemiology of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia Coli from Children in Southern China.
Authors: Mai Jialiang , Xiong Zhile , Yao Shuwen , Chen Xiangtang , Liang Bingshao , Gao Fei , Long Yan , Huang Zhouhong , Ai Xiaolan , Liang Zhuwei , Gao Xiurong , Gong Sitang , zhou Zhenwen
Published: June 2020

Objective: The increase of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria has led to reintroduction of colistin for clinical treatments, and colistin has become a last resort for infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene are majorly related to colistin resistance, which may be the main reason for continued increase in the colistin resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequence type and prevalence of bacteria harboring mcr-1 gene in the gut flora of children in Southern China. Method: Fecal samples (n=2632) of children from 3 medical centers in Guangzhou were cultured for Escherichia coli (E. coli). The mcr-1-harboring isolates were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The colistin resistance transfer frequency was studied by conjugation experiments. DNA sequencing of seven housekeeping genes were used for multi locus sequence typing analysis (MLST).Result: PCR indicated that 21 isolates from the 2632 E. coli (0.80%) were positive for mcr-1; these strains were resistant to colistin. Conjugation experiment indicated that 18 of the mcr-1-harboring isolates could transfer colistin resistance phenotypes to E. coli J53. MLST analysis revealed that the 21 isolates were divided into 18 sequence types (STs); ST69 was the most common (14.3%), followed by ST58 (9.5%). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the colonisation dynamics and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-harboring E. coli in the gut flora of children in Southern China, and the mcr-1 gene can be horizontally transmitted within species, it is necessary to monitor the mcr-1-harboring bacteria in children.
ABO Blood Type Has No Impact on Survival in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma – A cohort study of 1074 patients
Authors: Li Yibing , Wu Qijun , Huo Jianing , He Junjian , Ma Haining , Ma Xiaoxin
Published: June 2020

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology. ABO blood type is associated with the prognosis of a variety of malignancies. This study assessed the relationship between ABO blood type and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between ABO blood type and endometrial carcinoma prognosis in patients with primary endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgery from Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from January 2012 to February 2017. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and stratified analysis were performed.Results: In the multivariate analysis, 2009 FIGO stage (HR=2.806, 95% CI=1.289, 6.109), Pathological tissue type (HR=0.199, 95% CI=0.079, 0.503) was an independent and important risk factor for OS. We divided the ABO blood type into A and non-A groups, B and non-B groups, O and non-O groups, AB and non-AB groups, and failed to measure the significant results of OS. After we excluded 9 patients who had recurrence, metastasis, or death within 1 year of enrollment, the OS-significant results were similar to those described above.Conclusions: Our study suggest that there is no association between ABO blood type and EC prognosis, and additional cohort studies are needed for validation.
Caregiver Burden and Coping Strategies in Caregivers of Elderly Patients with Stroke
Authors: Kazemi Azar , Azimian Jalil , Mafi Maryam , Allen Kelly-Ann , Motalebi Seyedeh Ameneh
Published: June 2020

Background

Coping strategies play a key role in modulating the caregiving burden. The present study was aimed to determine the severity of the burden of care and its relationship with coping strategies among caregivers of post-stroke elderly patients in Zanjan City, Iran.
Methods

A total of 110 caregivers of elderly patients who had previously had a stroke participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. A demographic checklist, Zarit Burden Interview, and Lazarus and Folkman questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by the caregivers, who were selected using convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and independent t-tests.
Results

The mean age of 110 caregivers participated in the study was 32.09 ± 8.70 years. The most commonly used coping strategies were reappraisal and seeking social support. Results of the independent t-test showed that male caregivers used the reappraisal strategy (t(110) = 2.76; p = 0.007) and responsibility (t(110) = 2.26; p = 0.026) significantly more than female caregivers. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant positive correlation between caregiver burden and emotional-focused strategies including escaping (r = 0.245, P = 0.010) and distancing (r = 0.204, P = 0.032).
Conclusions

Based on the results, caregivers with higher burden care used more negative coping strategies, such as escape and distancing. In order to encourage caregivers to utilize effective coping skills, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to support caregivers. Use of effective coping skills to reduce the level of personal burden can improve caregiver physical health and psychological well-being.
CD73 positive adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance cardiac repair with experimental myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Li Qiong , Hou Huifang , Li Meng , Yu Xia , Zuo Hongbo , Gao Jianhui , Zhang Min , Guo Zhikun
Published: June 2020

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. The lack of effective regenerative therapies in the treatment of ischemia‐related diseases requires new therapies to improve clinical outcomes. Thus, MSCs have become a focus in stem cell treatment of myocardial injury. At present, most studies use mixed MSCs in vivo and in vitro. A promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial injury should be using the dominant subgroup with essential biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to utilize the dominant CD73 + subgroup of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Adult mix gender SD rats, with a body weight of 230±18g, were randomly divided into sham operation group (SHAM), MI group (MI), mixed ADMSCs transplantation group (MI+ADMSCs), CD73 + ADMSCs transplantation group (MI+CD73 + ADMSCs) and CD73 - ADMSCs transplantation group (MI+CD73 - ADMSCs). CD73 + ADMSCs were isolated using flow cytometry and then cultured. Overexpression and inhibition of CD73 gene of ADMSCs using lentiviral vectors. Differential genes analysis of CD73 + ADMSCs vs. CD73 - ADMSCs were based on GO analysis. The effect of CD73 on the secretion of cytokines was measured by ELISA. Myocardial infarction model and cell transplantation model were replicated. Detection of cardiac function of rats by color doppler ultrasound after operation. The expression of VEGF and factor VIII and neovascularization were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting. Results: We demonstrated that, compared to mixed ADMSCs and CD73 - ADMSCs, CD73 + ADMSCs were more effective in the promotion function of cardiac recovery in a rat model of MI. CD73 + subset promoted vascular regeneration in myocardial injured regions. We also showed that expression of CD73 promoted secretion of VEGF, HIF-1α and HGF factors in ADMSCs. CD73 + ADMSCs displayed significantly different transcription profile compared to CD73 - ADMSCs, in particular, concerning VEGF pathways. Conclusions: Overall, CD73 + ADMSCs were the dominant subgroup and the presence of the surface marker CD73 can be used as a MSCs cell quality control for treatment of myocardial injury by angiogenesis.
Nature and outcome of malignant goiter: a single institutional experience from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daoud Mohamed Yasser Ibrahim , Zakaria Ossama M , Suwaigh Abdul Mohsen Al
Published: June 2020

Background: Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of malignant goiters among adolescents and adults.Aim: The aim of this work is to review patients with goiter, as regards, their nature, demographic characterization, clinical presentation and preoperative histopathological data obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). It also aimed to review; the operative data and post-operative histopathological pattern of all patients from a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the current retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nature, line of management and outcomes of malignant goiter in the same geographical region.Patient and Methods: The study took place in a period of 4 years from December 2015 to January 2019. Patients demographic data, clinical presentation, Intra-operative findings. Pre and postoperative histopathological staging and grading were all recorded. postoperative follow up whether early or late were also included.Results: A total of 65 patients underwent surgery. The female to male ratio was found to be 5:1 (48 females and 17 males). Patients’ age ranged from 8 to 70 year with the mean of 34.4 ±11.7 (mean ± SD). Solitary nodule was the main presentation in 80% of cases while 20% were multinodular swellings. Symptoms of increased thyroid hormone functions were recorded in 13 patients (20%). Papillary carcinoma was recorded in 52 patients (80%) while 10 patients were having follicular carcinoma. The remaining three patients (4.6%) suffered of lymphoma, no medullary or anaplastic tumors were recorded.Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is quiet high among Saudi patients within the Eastern Province, the reason needs to be thoroughly investigated. Papillary type of carcinoma is the most commonly encountered pathological type of malignancy followed by follicular carcinoma and lymphoma. Further prospective and meta analytic studies may be needed for a more accurate and thorough assessment of the reasons that led to the increasing number of thyroid malignancies and their correlation to environmental factors.
Relationship of Lifestyle Habits to Health-Related Quality of Life of Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer Between Younger and Older Women in China
Authors: Zheng Chao , Yu Li-Xiang , Jia Hong-ying , Cui Shu-De , Tian Fu-Guo , Fan Zhi-Min , Geng Cui-Zhi , Cao Xu-Chen , Yang Zhen-Lin , Wang Xiang , Liang Hong , Wang Shu , Jiang Hong-Chuan , Duan Xue-Ning , Wang Hai-Bo , Li Guo-Lou , Wang Qi-Tang , Zhang Jian-Guo , Jin Feng , Tang Jin-Hai , Li Liang , Zhu Shi-Guang , Zuo Wen-Shu , Wang Fei , Zhou Fei , Xiang Yu-Juan , Guo Ming-ming , Wang Yong-Jiu , Huang Shu-ya , Liu Liyuan , Yu Zhi-Gang
Published: June 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in China. Hence, how best to live with and improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of this growing population of women is thus becoming of great public health importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of lifestyle habits to HRQoL among younger and older women who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer within the first two weeks, determine the contribution of lifestyle habits factors on HRQoL.Methods: A multi-center, hospital-based, case control study was conducted among breast cancer women from 22 hospitals in 11 provinces or municipalities in northern and eastern China from April 2012 to April 2013. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer (FACT-B) simplified Chinese version 4 was used to measure HRQoL. Chi-square test, ANOVA and Multivariable generalized linear models were conducted to verify differences in HRQoL between two groups and to evaluate the contribution of lifestyle habits factors ( including smoking, passive smoking, alcohol intake, Tea, Coffee, Sleep satisfaction, Current life satisfaction, Physical activity, BMI) on HRQoL of breast cancer patients.Results: 1199 eligible breast cancer patients were used for analysis. Younger women (age < 50 years) appeared to show lower scores than older women (age ≥ 50 years) in HRQoL subscales including emotional well being (p = 0.003), functional well being (p = 0.006), breast cancer subscale (p = 0.038), and FACT-B Total scores (p = 0.028). Tea and alcohol consumption, very satisfied with sleep and current life were the strongest predictors of higher HRQoL in younger group. Meanwhile, no coffee consumption, frequent participation in physical activities, high sleep satisfaction and current life satisfaction were the key predictors of higher HRQoL in older breast cancer women.Conclusion: The relationship of the nine lifestyle habit items to HRQoL were different between younger and older women. Associated variable of low HRQoL can help clinicians take intervention early in order to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Utilizing network pharmacology to explore the underlying mechanism of Cinnamomi Ramulus in Zika Fever induced by Zika Virus
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Lin Xuemei , Lai Yanni , Xu Jiangtao , Chen Yuting , Wang Xiao , Liu Xiaohong , geng Li
Published: June 2020

Background: Zika fever is a mosquito-borne infection induced by Zika virus (ZIKV),effective drug and vaccine against ZIKV infection is still unavailable. Cinnamomi ramulus (CR) is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history ,can stimulate secretion of sweat and relieve exterior syndrome. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of CR against ZIKV and uncover its mechanism of action by network pharmacology.Methods: Cell viability assay, qRT-PCR assay and western blot assays were perfermed to evaluate anti-ZIKV activity in vitro. Survival rate, body weight were observed and viremia was detected in AG6 mice. Drug- target-disease networks, GO enrichment, and KEGG pathway analysis was established to clarify the therapeutic mechanismsits. Results: In this study, we find that CR can alleviate CPE after Zika virus infection. In the premixed administration mode, CR showed superior activity to inhibit viral RNA replication and protein expression in cells. Orally administered CR effectively protected AG6 mice infected with lethal doses of ZIKV, conferring 50% or 20% survival rate at a dosage of 900mg/ml or 450mg/ml, reducing body weight loss, inhibiting viral RNA replication. Beta-sitosterol, DBP, α-Longipinen, (-)-alpha-cedrene, ()-alpha-Longipinene may the main active compound and PTGS2, GABRA1, PTGS1, PTGES and CCR5 may the main targets. 176 biological processes, 16 cell components, 27 molecular functions, and 37 pathways were significantly identified in GO enrichment and pathway analysis. Conclusions: These results reveal that CR treatment of Zika fever is mainly related to PTGS1 and PTGS2 regulated prostaglandin release, metabolism, and inflammation response.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in an Indigenous Vedda Community in Sri Lanka: Do These Communities Need a Targeted Health Promotion Strategy?
Authors: Dalpatadu Kaluthanthri Patabndi Chamila , Katulanda Prasad , Katulanda Gaya , Herath Priyanka , Wanninayake Leonard , Niroshan Chrishantha , Jayasinghe Saroj
Published: June 2020

Background: The indigenous population in Sri Lanka called “Veddas” estimated to be around 0.05% of the total population in the island. This population is unique that they used to live mostly in jungles with primitive lifestyles. The objective was to study the cardiovascular risk factors in this indigenous (Vadda) community.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with convenience sampling method, by inviting all adults (> 18 years) in the indigenous village Pollebedda. Height, weight and blood pressure was measured, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipids and haemoglobin. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22)0.Results: Response rate was approximately 39%. Out of total 121 participants 47 were males and 74 were females. The mean age was 44.29 +14.75 years and 12 were elders> 65 years of age. In the sample 17.3% were obese (BMI>27.5) while 24.8%% were overweight (BMI 23-27.5). The crude prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and raised total cholesterol were 7.2%, 12.4% 7.7% respectively. Prevalence of low HDLC (< 40mg/dL in men,< 50 mg/dL in women), high LDLC (>160 mg/dL) and elevated triglycerides (>150mg/dL) were 75.2%, 7.7% and 25.6% respectively. Isolated hypertriglyceridemia was present in 20.5%.Conclusions: There is a rising trend of obesity and diabetes in this indigenous community compared to previous study. This highlights that the indigenous peoples in Sri Lanka share the relatively high rates of coronary artery risk factors observed among other indigenous groups around the world. Changes in lifestyle and diet, poverty, poor health seeking behavior and limited access to health care due to limitation in transport are possible risk factors for this trend which needs to be further evaluated. A local and global initiative is required to control cardiovascular disease risk factors among indigenous groups.
Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers: a Case Series
Authors: Jain Parul , Thakur Anup , Kler Neelam , Garg Pankaj
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel viral infection is currently a global pandemic. Primarily transmitted by aerosols and fomites, limited information exists on its vertical transmission from mother and clinical outcomes in neonates. We report two neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive women.