bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perianal Disease Onset Age is Associated with Need for Abdominal Surgery in Perianal Crohn’s Disease: A Ten-year Observational Study in China
Authors: Wang Haichao , Wu Yaling , Ye Chen , Liu Zhanju , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2021

Background and aims: The significance of different ages of perianal disease (PD) onset in patients with perianal Crohn’s disease (PCD) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the impact of paediatric-onset PD (POP, <18 years) and adult-onset PD (AOP, ≥18 years) on the Crohn’s disease (CD) course in a Chinese cohort.Methods: The medical records of the diagnosed PCD patients from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The cumulative incidence of abdominal surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier, and independent predictors of surgery were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results: Complex perianal fistulas (71.7% vs 50.0%, p=0.011) and infliximab (IFX) treatment (33.3% vs 22.0%, p=0.044) were more common among the POP patients (n=84). A younger PD onset age (15.1±2.9 vs 30.2±10.5 years, p<0.001) and shorter PCD diagnostic delay (12 vs 24 months, p =0.033) was seen in the POP cohort. AOP patients (n=209) had a higher rate of current smoking (12.9% vs 4.8%, p=0.040), stricturing behaviour (42.1% vs 27.4%, p=0.024) and abdominal surgery (21.1% vs 4.8%, p=0.001). The cumulative probability of abdominal surgery in AOP patients was higher than that in POP patients (p=0.007). In multivariable analysis, AOP (odds ratio [OR]: 2.915, 95% CI: 1.479-5.744, p=0.002) and stricturing behaviour (OR: 8.374, 95% CI: 1.055-66.488, p=0.044) were predictive factors for CD-related abdominal surgery in all PCD patients, complex perianal fistula was associated with the increased incidence of abdominal surgery in the AOP cohort (OR: 2.257, 95% CI: 1.041-4.891, p=0.039). The IFX administration significantly decreased the rate of abdominal surgery in AOP patients (r=-0.900, p=0.037). Conclusions: This Chinese cohort suggested that AOP indicate a later disease course and a higher risk of abdominal surgery than POP. Early diagnosis and positive IFX treatment could improve the prognosis of CD patients with AOP.
Two-Volume Dynamic CT Pulmonary Perfusion: Contrast Timing Optimization
Authors: Zhao Yixiao , Hubbard Logan , Malkasian Shant , Abbona Pablo , Molloi Sabee
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo develop and validate an optimal timing protocol for a low-radiation-dose CT pulmonary perfusion technique using only two volume scans.MethodsA total of 24 swine (48.5 ± 14.3 kg) underwent contrast-enhanced dynamic CT. Multiple contrast injections were made under different pulmonary perfusion conditions, resulting in a total of 147 complete pulmonary arterial input functions(AIF). Using the AIFs, an optimal timing protocol for acquisition of two-volume scans was developed for the first-pass CT perfusion technique. Specifically, the first volume scan was obtained at the base of the AIF using bolus-tracking and the second volume scan was obtained at the peak of the AIF using a time-to-peak relation derived by regression analysis. Additionally, a subset of 14 swine with 60 CT acquisitions were used to validate the prospective timing protocol. The prospective perfusion measurements using the two-volume scans, were quantitatively compared to the retrospective perfusion measurements using the entire AIF with t-test, linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. The CT dose index(CTDI32vol) and size-specific dose estimate(SSDE) of the two-volume perfusion technique were also determined.ResultsThe pulmonary artery time-to-peak (TPA) was related to one-half of the contrast injection duration(TInj/2) by TPA = 1.06 TInj/2+0.090 (r=0.97). Simulated prospective two-volume perfusion measurements (P­­PRO) in ml/min/g were related to the retrospective measurements (PRETRO) by PPRO= 0.87PRETRO + 0.56 (r=0.88). The CTDI32vol and SSDE of the two-volume CT technique were estimated to be 28.4 and 47.0mGy, respectively.ConclusionThe optimal timing protocol can enable an accurate, low-radiation-dose two-volume dynamic CT perfusion technique.
The Effects of Weight Fluctuation on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: a 16-year Prospective Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Chin Young Ran , So Eun Sun
Published: February 2021

Background: Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of WF on the risk of MS in Koreans.Methods: This study analyzed secondary data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a 16-year prospective cohort study, on 8,150 individuals using time-dependent Cox regression.Results: WF did not increase the risk of MS in either normal-weight or obese subjects. In an analysis of the components of MS, greater WF significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02-1.07, p=.002) in normal-weight individuals. However, WF did not increase the risk of hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, or raised fasting glucose in normal-weight individuals, and it did not influence any of the components of MS in obese individuals.Conclusion: Since WF was found to be a risk factor for abdominal obesity, which is the most reliable predictor of MS, it should be considered when addressing weight control. Further studies on cut-off points for the degree of weight loss in a certain period need to be conducted to help clinicians provide guidance on appropriate weight control.
Adapting the Sudden Landslide Identification Product (SLIP) and Detecting Real-Time Increased Precipitation (DRIP) algorithms to map rainfall-triggered landslides in the West-Cameroon highlands (Central-Africa)
Authors: MFONDOUM ALFRED HOMERE NGANDAM , Nguet Pauline Wokwenmendam , Mfondoum Jean Valery Mefire , Tchindjang Mesmin , Hakdaoui Sofia , Cooper Ryan , Gbetkom Paul Gérard , Penaye Joseph , Bekoa Ateba , Moudioh Cyriel
Published: February 2021

Background – NASA’s developers recently proposed the Sudden Landslide Identification Product (SLIP) and Detecting Real-Time Increased Precipitation (DRIP) algorithms. This method uses the Landsat 8 satellite images and daily rainfall recordings for a real-time mapping of this geohazard. This study adapts the processing to face the issues of data quality and unavailability/gaps for the mapping of the recent landslide events in west-Cameroon’s highlands. Methods – The SLIP algorithm is adapted, by integrating the inverse NDVI to assess the soil bareness, the Modified Normalized Multi-Band Drought Index (MNMDI) combined with the hydrothermal index to assess soil moisture, and the slope inclination to map the recent landslide. Further, the DRIP algorithm uses the mean daily rainfall to assess the thresholds corresponding to the recent landslide events. Their probability density function (PDF) curves are superimposed and their intersections are used to propose sets of dichotomous variables before (1948-2018) and after the 28 October 2019 landslide event. In addition, a survival analysis is performed to correlate the occurrence date of the landslide with the rainfall since the first known event in Cameroon, through the Cox model. Results – From the SLIP model, the Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) map gives an overall accuracy of 96%. Further, the DRIP model states that 6/9 ranges of probability are rainfall-triggered landslides at 99.99%, between June and October, while 3/9 ranges show only 4.88% of risk for the same interval. Finally, the survival probability for a known site is up to 0.68 for the best value and between 0.38 and 0.1 for the lowest value through time. Conclusions – The proposed approach is an alternative based on data (un)availability, completed by the site’s lifetime.
Clopidogrel versus ticagrelor in the treatment of Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: effects on platelet function assessed by platelet function tests and mean platelet volume
Authors: Zhang Yang , Peng Rui , Li Xiaojuan , Cheng Gaowa , Wang Ximing , Yu Jinxing , Hua Muxing , Chen Xi , Zhou Zhou
Published: February 2021

Background: Knowledge on the pharmacodynamic effects of antiplatelet drugs including clopidogrel and ticagrelor on Asian patients is scarce. We aim to evaluate the effects of the two drugs on platelet reactivity in the treatment of Chinese patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), using two platelet function tests (PFT). Meanwhile, the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV), a routine index of platelet size, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) is also investigated.Methods: Patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) were scheduled for the assessment of platelet reactivity at 2–3 days after PCI. Two PFTs, light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)-FCM assay, were applied in the evaluation of platelet reactivity. The MPV was measured simultaneously with EDTA plasma using a Sysmex XN 2000 automated hematology analyzer.Results: The final study population included the aspirin + clopidogrel group (n = 46) and the aspirin + ticagrelor group (n = 66). In the aspirin + ticagrelor group, the maximal light transmittance (LT) changes in response to 5 µM ADP assessed by LTA was obviously lower than that in the aspirin + clopidogrel group (P < 0.001). The platelet reactivity index (PRI) level in the VASP test was also markedly lower in the group given aspirin and ticagrelor (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in HPR between the two groups. MPV showed a potent ability to predict the presence of HPR at VASP assay (AUC = 0.788, 95% CI: 0.701–0.875, P < 0.001) in receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.Conclusions: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor has dramatically greater antiplatelet effect, with a superiority in suppressing platelet function and a lower HPR rate. In addition, there existed a significant independent association between MPV and high prevalence of HPR in the VASP assay.
A cost-analysis study of using adult red cell packs and Pedi-Packs in Newborn Intensive Care Units in Southern Iran
Authors: Haghpanah Sezaneh , Miladi Shima , Zamani Ali , Abadi Ali Mohammad Keshtvarz Hesam , Gholami Marjan , gholami maryam
Published: February 2021

Background and objective: Saving blood products is an important public health issue especially in developing countries with limited financial resources. We aimed to suggest a new hypothetical model to make a change in the current blood transfusion policy in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) to reduce wastage of blood supplies as well as the risk of exposure to multiple donors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all transfused neonates (n=70) who were admitted to NICU of Nemazee Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Southern Iran, were evaluated between March and June 2019. Based on the information of neonates’ transfusion during this study period and determined transfusion indices, a specific pediatric pack was suggested and the related total costs per transfusion, as well as the donor-exposure rate of the hypothetical and the current transfusion method, were compared. Results: Considering the mean number of transfusions per neonate: 4 and mean volume of transfused packed red cells: 20 ml per transfusion, the cost-analysis of pediatric and the adult pack was presented. Arithmetically, we proved a higher total cost per transfusion for using adult pack comparing to pediatric pack. Additionally, using a pediatric pack set leads to a 24% reduction in RBCs wastage per transfusion and a 68.13% reduction in donor-exposure rate.Conclusions: The assignment of a dedicated pediatric pack for neonates will be able to improve the cost-effectiveness by a substantial reduction in donor-exposure rate and blood wastage. This finding should be taken into consideration to generate economic growth and make improvements in child health status.
Application of modified green algae Nannochloropsis sp. as adsorbent in the simultaneous adsorption of methylene blue and Cu(II) cations in solution
Authors: Buhani  , Wijayanti Tri Agus , Suharso  , Sumadi  , Ansori Muslim
Published: February 2021

Biomass of algae is a very potent adsorbent for absorbing liquid waste containing heavy metals and organic dyes. This study purposes to confirm the ability of adsorbents from green algae Nannochloropsis sp. modified with silica (ASN) and followed by coating magnetite particles (ASN-MPs) to absorb simultaneously the mixture of methylene blue (ME) and Cu(II) cations in aqueous solution. Simultaneous sorption of ME and Cu(II) cations to ASN and ASN-MPs was carried out by the Batch method with the interaction pH condition 7, contact time 90 minutes, and initial concentrations of ME and Cu(II) cations (0.1 - 1.0 mmol L-1). Based on adsorption data, Cu(II) cations have a greater adsorption rate and capacity (qm) compared to ME at the same contact time and initial concentration. The adsorption capacity (qm) values of the bi-component ME and Cu(II) cation mixture in ASN and ASN-MPs were 1.385 x 10-1 and 5,319 x 10-1 mmolequiv g-1, respectively, with the binary Langmuir adsorption isotherm constant for Cu(II) cations greater than ME. Modified adsorbent from algae Nannochloropsis sp. with silica matrix and magnetite particle coating, is an adsorbent that has a high effectiveness in the collective sorption of ME and Cu(II) cations. Therefore, these adsorbents can be used for the adsorption of cation mixtures of heavy metals and organic dyes that are cationic in solution.
Abnormal WBC Scattergrams by Sysmex XN550, A Supplementary Diagnostic Tool for Malaria to the Conventional Methods
Authors: Bute Rajeshwar Suresh , Bharambe Bhavana Madhukar , Pawar Ravikiran , Jadhav Asawari Bharat
Published: February 2021

Background: In India, malaria has a major impact on health system. It is usually diagnosed based on symptomatology, parasite detection in the peripheral smear (PS) or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) such as malaria antigen test (MAT). Detection of malaria by MAT is considered as the gold standard. A rapid, cost effective screening of malaria can be done with the automated analyzers. The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of WBC scattergram generated by Sysmex XN 550 hematology analyzer to diagnose malaria.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 4 months from August to November 2019, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. All cases diagnosed as Plasmodium vivax / Plasmodium falciparum infections on malaria antigen test (MAT) were included. Their hemogram and WBC scattergrams obtained from Sysmex XN 550 were studied. Thick & thin Smears were made and stained with Leishman’s stain for microscopy.

Results: A total of 101 cases were diagnosed as malaria positive by MAT and thick smear. Ninety-seven were positive by Leishman’s stain. Abnormal scattergrams were 81 out of 101 malaria positive cases. The commonest pattern was double neutrophil zone (n=22) followed by double neutrophil with less space between neutrophil and eosinophil (n=17). An abnormal event on X axis was observed in 16 patients. Gray zone and double eosinophil areas were observed in 11 and 4 cases respectively. The sensitivity of the analyzer was found to be 80.19%.

Conclusion: Scattergram of automated haematology analyser (Sysmex XN 550) has good sensitivity, which can be increased to a better level if combined with thrombocytopenia and symptomatology of the patients.
Rumiación cognitiva y afecto negativo como predictores diferenciales de los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes
Authors: Toro Tobar Ronald Alberto , Alfaro Medina Diana Marcela , Juyó Mosuca Erika Viviana , Sandino Serrano Valentina
Published: February 2021

Los modelos transdiagnósticos para los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y somatización han tenido evidencia para variables como la rumiación cognitiva y el afecto negativo; sin embargo, las asociaciones diferenciales entre estas dos variables en la explicación psicopatológica requiere aún ser investigada. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la rumiación cognitiva según las dimensiones de la rumiación: reproche y reflexión, con el afecto negativo y los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes depresivos, ansiosos y psicosomáticos en adultos colombianos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño transversal explicativo, en el que se definió una red estructural de relaciones entre constructos mediante un diagrama de senderos y ecuaciones estructurales. Se contó con una muestra final de 640 personas, con una edad media de 31.07 años (DE = 11.27). Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas parciales y de orden cero entre las variables transdiagnósticas y las sintomáticas internalizantes, mediante un modelo ajustado que permitió explicar en un 74 % estas problemáticas a partir de la rumiación cognitiva y la función mediadora parcial del afecto negativo. En los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos se obtuvo que están mediados parcialmente por el afecto negativo, mientras que la medida de somatización obtuvo un coeficiente de regresión significativo con el afecto negativo como predictor independiente. Estos resultados aportan a la comprensión de la interacción de la rumiación y el afecto en la aparición de los síntomas internalizantes de manera diferencial. Se recomendó contar con una muestra clínica que ayudaría a identificar con mayor precisión la varianza explicada del modelo obtenido, lo que favorecerá los actuales tratamientos transdiagnósticos disponibles.
Editorial
Authors: Hewitt Ramírez Nohelia
Published: February 2021

En el volumen 14 (2) de 2020 de nuestra revistaPsychologia: Avances de la disciplina, el lector encontrará unconjunto de artículos de investigadores de Colombia,Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, que son producto de unproceso investigativo cooperativo y colaborativo
Assessment of infrastructure entities’ activity on the insurance market
Authors: Ignatyuk Anzhela , Sholoiko Antonina , Syzenko Anastasiia
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an approach to assessing insurance market infrastructure entities’ activity that allows identifying gaps and weaknesses and seeking ways of addressing them in the context of revitalization of such emerging insurance markets as Ukrainian. To determine the impact of costs of insurance market infrastructure entities on the financial performance before taxes resulting from insurance activity, the regression formula is used. It demonstrates significant dependence between financial performance before taxes of insurers and costs of accident commissioner services. Based on this, an assessment approach for groups of insurance market infrastructure entities is created. The assessment results suggest that the efficiency of insurance market infrastructure entities in Ukraine is unsatisfactory (135 points out of 390). To develop infrastructure entities of the insurance market in Ukraine, it is expedient to ensure an effective regulatory framework for all insurance infrastructure entities, including registers, reporting, and a requirement to disclose information on their performance.
Resilience of Bruneian economy amidst Covid-19 based on the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) framework
Authors: Yaacob Hakimah , Ali Qaisar , Anissa Sarbini Nur , Nasir Rani Abdul , Zaini Zaki
Published: February 2021

The outbreak of Covid-19 is the second most devastating event over a century. The pandemic, alongside deep health crises, has ushered the largest economic shocks, which require governments’ attention to ameliorate to avoid an economic downturn. The aim of this study is to measure the economic impacts of Covid-19 in Brunei by estimating the exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the economy. This study deployed the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction framework to examine the economic impact empirically. The data related to variables of gross domestic product, oil prices, international merchandise trade, tourism, unemployment, consumer price index, money supply, and national accounts were collected from September 2019 to July 2020 and analyzed through the fixed effects panel regression technique. The findings show that the news of the Covid-19 outbreak has exposed the weaknesses in energy sectors by having a significant negative impact. Additionally, analysis discloses that the energy and tourism sectors are vulnerable to the shocks of Covid-19. During the peak of the pandemic outbreak, unemployment in Brunei has also escalated. Additionally, the energy and tourism sectors are less resilient to pandemic shocks. The findings indicated that the consumer price index has significantly escalated during the economic recovery process. The findings elucidate that the overall GDP growth rate, international merchandise trade, and the financial sector continue exhibiting better performance amid Covid-19. The findings of this study contribute to developing policy implications for the emerging economies concerned with the economic recovery process during the pandemic.
Visual Recognition to Identify Helmet on Motorcycle Rider Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Alexander Kevin , Dwantara Rayhan Ardiya , Naufal Raihan Muhammad , Suhartono Derwin
Published: February 2021

The amount of motorcycle accidents is increasing each year. The main reason is that the riders do not wear a helmet. The research aims to minimize the accident by training the machine learning using the IBM Watson Studio. It trains the data about “wearing helmet” and “not wearing helmet”. The used method is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). About 170 image datasets are used. CNN is conducted on the input image using a kernel or filter. The filter will multiply its values with the overlapping values of the image while also sliding and adding them all to produce a single value for each of them until the entire images have passed and finished. After CNN method is done, the researchers can classify the images by using supervised learning. It can identify whether the rider is wearing a helmet or not simply by scanning a picture on the street. The result shows high accuracy of 92.87%. The method can be used to minimize the percentage of motorcycle accidents caused by not wearing a helmet.
Investigation of the Gifted Students’ Education Based on Its Cost
Authors: ÇAM TOSUN Figen , TAN Sema
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the cost parents paid for their gifted and non-gifted children, the type of expenses they made for their children’s education and their opinions regarding the financial demands of their gifted children.Method: In this qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, the data were collected from 20 parents of gifted and non-gifted students using structured interview forms. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.Findings: The findings indicated that the parents spent the most on school supplies for both gifted and non-gifted children for in-school environment. However, for out-of school expenditures parents spent the most on books, movies, and intelligence games for their gifted children while they spent the most on field trips and movies for their non-gifted children.Discussion: Parents could not fully support the development of their children (especially gifted ones) due to their financial conditions. Also, parents reported that opportunities in regular schools were not enough to help their children realize and fulfill their own potential. It was concluded that gifted children needed environments enriched with more materials, sources, mentors, and facilities to reveal their true potential.
Definições dos termos deficiência múltipla e deficiência múltipla sensorial: uma revisão sistemática em teses e dissertações brasileiras
Authors: Pereira Josilene Domingues Santos , Oliveira Sabrina David de , Costa Maria da Piedade Resende da
Published: February 2021

A deficiência múltipla (DMu) vem sendo tratada como um quadro complexo de definição e caracterização. Esse tipo de deficiência tem sido pouco estudado no Brasil, principalmente no âmbito educacional. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever e analisar as definições dos termos DMu e deficiência múltipla sensorial (DMS) em teses e dissertações brasileiras. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática na base de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), no recorte temporal de 1999 a 2018. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo temática das definições dos termos adotados nos trabalhos acadêmicos. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma produção exígua (n=18) de teses e dissertações sobre essa temática no contexto brasileiro, sendo maior a quantidade de dissertações (n=12) do que de teses (n=6). Além disso, observou-se a adoção de definições diversas para os termos DMu e DMS, produzindo flutuações conceituais ao longo do tempo. Notou-se também que a definição de DMu varia entre dois aspectos: a quantidade de manifestações das condições e a qualidade de funcionamento do indivíduo. Foi possível perceber ainda que a DMS é um subtipo no âmbito da DMu que engloba as deficiências visuais ou auditivas associada a outras condições. Conclui-se que esse tema tem sido pouco estudado pelos pesquisadores da Educação Especial e que há necessidade de compartilhar uma definição comum para permitir o avanço nas pesquisas sobre a temática no Brasil. Por fim, sugere-se que esse tipo de deficiência, a partir do panorama apresentado, seja mais contemplado, especialmente em pesquisas na área da Educação Especial.
Um olhar para a dimensão infraestrutura como uma das condições objetivas possibilitadoras da qualidade em escolas públicas
Authors: Sabia Claudia Pereira de Pádua , Sordi Mara Regina Lemes de
Published: February 2021

As avaliações externas e seus indicadores vêm responsabilizando unilateralmente a escola e seus profissionais pelos resultados atingidos por estudantes, desconsiderando o peso das condições objetivas para o desenvolvimento do trabalho escolar, o que afeta a autoestima dos professores e gestores. Objetiva-se com este estudo, identificar e analisar as condições objetivas das escolas públicas do ensino fundamental de uma diretoria de ensino, com destaque à dimensão infraestrutura. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada envolve abordagem quanti-qualitativa e conjuga pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental e aplicação de questionários. A coleta de dados consistiu em questionário google docs encaminhado aos professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental de uma Diretoria de Ensino do oeste paulista. Como resultados, identificamos que das 47 escolas pesquisadas, 22 (46,80%) possuem infraestrutura elementar e 24 (51,06%) podem ser enquadradas como infraestrutura básica; nenhuma adequada e nenhuma avançada, que seria o nível mais elevado da escala de infraestrutura proposta por Soares Neto, Jesus, Karino e Andrade (2013). Os indicadores da dimensão infraestrutura evidenciam que as condições objetivas são predominantemente precárias, o que compromete o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente. Entretanto, as condições objetivas são subestimadas nos processos avaliativos, que culpabilizam apenas um dos polos, ou seja, a escola e seus profissionais, pelos resultados das avaliações externas, e não responsabilizam o Estado pelo seu não oferecimento. Consideramos a necessidade da discussão dos resultados avaliativos na perspectiva de uma responsabilização compartilhada, ou seja, participativa, em que o poder público se reconheça no processo de melhoria da qualidade, assumindo a parte que lhe cabe.
Dificuldades de leitura, escrita e numeramento na educação superior: discussões acerca da reprodução das desigualdades sociais
Authors: Donida Lais , Blanco Soeli Francisca Mazzini Monte
Published: February 2021

Este artigo objetiva compreender como as desigualdades sociais originam dificuldades de leitura, escrita, aritmética e como essas questões de ordem social são transformadas em supostos diagnósticos clínico-biológicos em estudantes da Educação Superior. Os contornos metodológicos envolvem um estudo de caso de uma estudante encaminhada para a clínica fonoaudiológica para avaliação clínica. Os dados demonstram que as dificuldades acadêmicas da universitária são consideradas como “alterações de cunho patológico” por que refletem mecanismos de manutenção e reprodução de desigualdades sociais. A Universidade, por sua vez, não consegue fazer com que o apoio pedagógico institucional dê conta das dificuldades da acadêmica, devido às especificidades do curso de graduação. A partir disso, conclui-se que um possível caminho a ser construído no contexto da Educação Superior seja (trans)formar os cursos a partir da perspectiva do Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA).
Implementação da educação remota em tempos de pandemia: análise da experiência do Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Oliveira Breynner Ricardo de , Oliveira Ana Cristina Prado de , Jorge Gláucia Maria dos Santos , Coelho Jianne Ines Fialho
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa a implementação da educação remota na Rede Estadual de Minas Gerais por meio do “Regime de Estudo não Presencial” (REANP) em tempos de pandemia. A pesquisa se deu em três fases: levantamento dos marcos institucionais do programa; análise dos eixos de ação e dos comentários nos canais de comunicação disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Educação (SEE). Os dados foram organizados em sete dimensões: (1) o acesso ao programa; (2) a receptividade ao REANP; (3) percepções sobre o aplicativo e suas funcionalidades (4) questões associadas à tecnologia; (5) conteúdo; (6) adesão à educação remota e (7) conexão entre os eixos do REANP. Os dados mostram a dificuldade que a SEE tem enfrentado para criar vínculos e estratégias de adesão multinível entre os atores institucionais, os instrumentos, os processos, as tecnologias, os territórios e seus profissionais. Os dados indicam que a educação pública remota vincula e potencializa questões sociais e econômicas e que a SEE as minimizou em seu desenho, linearizando a oferta. Não foram encontradas ações ou estratégias destinadas aos alunos da educação especial, quilombola, indígena e de jovens e adultos. As percepções dos usuários apontam para duas questões: os riscos de a educação remota aprofundar as desigualdades sociais e educacionais e a adoção de estratégias de formação virtual, apoiadas pelas tecnologias, pós pandemia.
İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ Teknolojileri ve Uygulamaları
Authors: Tiftik Canan
Published: February 2021

In the competitive time, there has been a great deal of progress in the industry. It is one of the most serious obstacles to the industry in many industries that adopt contemporary technologies to manage continuous development and faster than ordinary jobs. Many of the scientists and researchers recommend using AI tools and digital technologies for industries. Machine language and artificial intelligence are used by many organizations in the human resources unit, where it undertakes an integrated task in recruiting, performance analysis, personnel selection, data collection for employees, providing real-time information and obtaining the right information. Artificial intelligence-based Human Resources (HR) applications have a solid potential to increase employee productivity and support HR experts to become knowledge and trained consultants that increase the success of the employee. HR applications authorized by artificial intelligence have the ability to analyze, predict, diagnose and seek and find more robust and capable resources.
Stylistic hallmarks of Obama's (2009) and Al-Maliki's (2006) inaugural addresses
Authors: Hassan Moayad Mohammad , Hussein Abbas Lutfi
Published: February 2021

In inaugural addresses, presidents (e.g. Obama and Al-Maliki) intend to convey their intentions and plans and to announce their new political strategies in order to convince the public to accept and support them. To attain such purposes, they have often recourse to shrewd selection of linguistic elements and manipulation of rhetorical devices. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the stylistic hallmarks utilized in Obama's and Al-Maliki's Inaugural Addresses, focusing on the roles realized by these hallmarks in delivering the intended messages. Obama's (2009) and Al-Maliki's (2006) Inaugural Addresses have been selected to be the data of the study. For the data analysis, a qualitative method involving the identification of the most prominent stylistic features is followed. The paper concludes that both Obama and Al-Maliki resort to different stylistic features and devices with relatively different degrees. This slight diversity of this use seems to be due to the nature of the two languages and to the different goals sought by the two speakers. Moreover, metaphor, repetition, parallelism and metonymy are the more dominant devices in Obama's Address than in Al-Malik's. Simile is only observed in Obama's address.
To the Theological Discourse on the Caliph and God's Vicegerency on Earth
Authors:   University of Allame Tabatabi, Mohammad Sedgi Alanag , Hesam Aldin Halatbari , Musa Abdollahi
Published: February 2021

The question of the viceroyalty of man on Earth, to which the thirieth ayat of Al-Baqarah Surah is dedicated, is one of the problems in Islamic studies that many interpreters have debated and are still debating. As part of this discussion, the authors have analyzed four points of view, namely Rukh al-Maani and al-Manar of the Sunni brand, al-Mizan and Tasnim of the Shiite brand in order to determine the theological position on the presence of the Viceroy on Earth before the day of judgment and the purpose of his presence after the death of Muham-mad. The authors turned to the thematic interpretation of the Quran in the works of selected the-ologians, analyzed their content and investigated the question of the presence of the Viceroy as a perfect human being, as the Caliph. The opinions of the selected interpreters are similar on most questions about the Caliphate, especially on the need to continue the Viceroyalty of the Caliphate in all epochs until the day of judgment. Some discrepancies in the Shiite and Sunni traditions in Islam, in some issues, including the definition of the Caliph in the period after the prophets have been identified
Implementação dos parâmetros da quitosana no campo de força OPLS-AA para simulações da quitosana por dinâmica molecular
Authors: Sousa Neto Lourival Rodrigues de , Faria Roberto Ribeiro , Batista Victor de Sousa , Reis Keli Cristina Barbosa dos , Franca Eduardo de Faria
Published: February 2021

In this work, the molecular dynamics of the finite biopolymer of chitosan in the force field OPLS-AA was made. DFT calculations for structural optimization were performed in the ORCA program with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G base function. The partial atomic charges of Chitosan were obtained by the RESP methodology. The molecular structure of chitosan was structurally evaluated in terms of RMSD and ring overlap. A comparison between the chitosan parameters in OPLS-AA and GROMOS53a6 force-field indicated that in OPLS-AA energy and structural stability are achieved more quickly. The results obtained are in accordance with reports in the literature for this molecule in the GROMOS53A6 force field.
Deconstructing then Priming Gut Microbiota Resilience
Authors:   Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada, Reid Gregor ,   Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,   Seed Health, Venice, California, USA, Gadir Azza A. , Barragan Scarlett Puebla , Dhir Raja
Published: February 2021

The human intestinal microbiota represents a complex microbial community that plays an essential role in the maintenance of host health. Over the last decade, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have revealed the influence of intestinal microbial diversity and composition on a range of biological functions in the host. While overall taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiome is informative, changes in spatial dynamics within the community also have profound biological significance as microbial functions are influenced by neighbouring community members and the microenvironment. Critical gaps remain in our understanding of microbiota structure, co-dependences, resilience and response to antimicrobial agents. In this review, we discuss alternative strategies to deconstruct the microbiome to yield better designed and more clinically effective therapies.
A Novel User Utility Score for Diabetes Management Using Tailored Mobile Coaching: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Min-Kyung , Lee Da Young , Ahn Hong-Yup , Park Cheol-Young
Published: February 2021

Background

Mobile health applications have been developed to support diabetes self-management, but their effectiveness could depend on patient engagement. Therefore, patient engagement must be examined through multifactorial tailored behavioral interventions from an individual perspective.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of a novel user utility score (UUS) as a tool to measure patient engagement by using a mobile health application for diabetes management.

Methods

We conducted a subanalysis of results from a 12-month randomized controlled trial of a tailored mobile coaching (TMC) system among insurance policyholders with type 2 diabetes. UUS was calculated as the sum of the scores for 4 major core components (range 0-8): frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose testing, dietary and exercise records, and message reading rate. We explored the association between UUS for the first 3 months and glycemic control over 12 months. In addition, we investigated the relationship of UUS with blood pressure, lipid profile, and self-report scales assessing diabetes self-management.

Results

We divided 72 participants into 2 groups based on UUS for the first 3 months: UUS:0-4 (n=38) and UUS:5-8 (n=34). There was a significant between-group difference in glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c) levels for the 12-months study period (P=.011). The HbA1c decrement at 12 months in the UUS:5-8 group was greater than that of the UUS:0-4 group [–0.92 (SD 1.24%) vs –0.33 (SD 0.80%); P=.049]. After adjusting for confounding factors, UUS was significantly associated with changes in HbA1c at 3, 6, and 12 months; the regression coefficients were –0.113 (SD 0.040; P=.006), –0.143 (SD 0.045; P=.002), and –0.136 (SD 0.052; P=.011), respectively. Change differences in other health outcomes between the 2 groups were not observed throughout a 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions

UUS as a measure of patient engagement was associated with changes in HbA1c over the study period of the TMC system and could be used to predict improved glycemic control in diabetes self-management through mobile health interventions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03033407; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03033407
Mobile Remote Monitoring of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Patients During the COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Order: Quality Improvement Pilot Study
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Davis Alexander L , Quinn Beth , Castillo Anabel F , Martin Kelly L , Simhan Hyagriv N
Published: February 2021

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related death. Prenatal health care providers can offer critical screening and support to pregnant people who experience IPV. During the COVID-19 shelter-in-place order, mobile apps may offer such people the opportunity to continue receiving screening and support services.

Objective

We aimed to examine cases of IPV that were reported on a prenatal care app before and during the implementation of COVID-19 shelter-in-place mandates.

Methods

The number of patients who underwent voluntary IPV screening and the incidence rate of IPV were determined by using a prenatal care app that was disseminated to patients from a single, large health care system. We compared the IPV screening frequencies and IPV incidence rates of patients who started using the app before the COVID-19 shelter-in-place order, to those of patients who started using the app during the shelter-in-place order.

Results

We found 552 patients who started using the app within 60 days prior to the enforcement of the shelter-in-place order, and 407 patients who used the app at the start of shelter-in-place enforcement until the order was lifted. The incidence rates of voluntary IPV screening for new app users during the two time periods were similar (before sheltering in place: 252/552, 46%; during sheltering in place: 163/407, 40%). The overall use of the IPV screening tool increased during the shelter-in-place order. A slight, nonsignificant increase in the incidence of physical, sexual, and psychological violence during the shelter-in-place order was found across all app users (P=.56). Notably, none of the patients who screened positively for IPV had mentions of IPV in their medical charts.

Conclusions

App-based screening for IPV is feasible during times when in-person access to health care providers is limited. Our results suggest that the incidence of IPV slightly increased during the shelter-in-place order. App-based screening may also address the needs of those who are unwilling or unable to share their IPV experiences with their health care provider.
Risks and Benefits of Using Social Media in Dermatology: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Bressler Moshe Y , Grudnikoff Eugene , Bressler Yaakov , Tamez Rebecca , Zampella John G
Published: February 2021

Background

Dermatological information on social media is often presented by nondermatologists. Increasing the online engagement of trained dermatologists may improve information quality, patient education, and care.

Objective

Our study assesses dermatologists’ perceptions of social media and patterns of use to identify barriers limiting engagement.

Methods

In our cohort study, a 36-item online survey was distributed to dermatologists in the United States; responses were captured on a 1-100 sliding scale.

Results

Of 166 initiated surveys, 128 valid responses were submitted. Dermatologists showed greater concern for social media risk-related issues (mean 77.9, SD 15.1) than potential benefits (mean 61.8, SD 16.4; P<.001). Leading concerns were poor patient care, nonevidence-based information, and breaching patient privacy. Benefits included interphysician collaboration, patient education, and public health awareness. The most avid and enthusiastic social media users were millennials (mean total optimism score 67.5, SD 14.9) and baby boomers (mean total optimism score 63.1, SD 11.2) compared with Generation X dermatologists (mean total optimism score 52.2, SD 16.3, P<.001). Of 128 dermatologists, 103 (82.4%) plan on increasing their social media use (P=.003). Predictors showing an intent to increase future social media use were younger age, integration into professional use, and an optimistic view (r2=.39; P<.001).

Conclusions

Dermatologists perceive the risk of social media to be considerable but still intend to increase its use, likely recognizing the value and importance of social media to the field.
Early Crowdfunding Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saleh Sameh Nagui , Lehmann Christoph U , Medford Richard J
Published: February 2021

Background

As the number of COVID-19 cases increased precipitously in the United States, policy makers and health officials marshalled their pandemic responses. As the economic impacts multiplied, anecdotal reports noted the increased use of web-based crowdfunding to defray these costs.

Objective

We examined the web-based crowdfunding response in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States to understand the incidence of initiation of COVID-19–related campaigns and compare them to non–COVID-19–related campaigns.

Methods

On May 16, 2020, we extracted all available data available on US campaigns that contained narratives and were created between January 1 and May 10, 2020, on GoFundMe. We identified the subset of COVID-19–related campaigns using keywords relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored the incidence of COVID-19–related campaigns by geography, by category, and over time, and we compared the characteristics of the campaigns to those of non–COVID-19–related campaigns after March 11, when the pandemic was declared. We then used a natural language processing algorithm to cluster campaigns by narrative content using overlapping keywords.

Results

We found that there was a substantial increase in overall GoFundMe web-based crowdfunding campaigns in March, largely attributable to COVID-19–related campaigns. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic persisted and progressed, the number of campaigns per COVID-19 case declined more than tenfold across all states. The states with the earliest disease burden had the fewest campaigns per case, indicating a lack of a case-dependent response. COVID-19–related campaigns raised more money, had a longer narrative description, and were more likely to be shared on Facebook than other campaigns in the study period.

Conclusions

Web-based crowdfunding appears to be a stopgap for only a minority of campaigners. The novelty of an emergency likely impacts both campaign initiation and crowdfunding success, as it reflects the affective response of a community. Crowdfunding activity likely serves as an early signal for emerging needs and societal sentiment for communities in acute distress that could be used by governments and aid organizations to guide disaster relief and policy.