bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance and Interrupted Time Series Approach to Estimate Immediate and Sustained Effects of Oilseeds Mission on Groundnut in India
Authors: Burigi Sushmitha , Selvaraj K. N. , Kumar R. Senthil , Senthilnathan S. , Lavanya S. Moghana , Arulanandu U.
Published: May 2023

Oilseeds are mostly grown in marginal lands with inadequate irrigation facilities (only 10% is irrigated) as a result yields tend to be low leading to a widening gap between domestic production of vegetable oil and demand. Production growth in the early eighties was slow due to insufficient technologies and the turning point was the year 1985-86. Since then, oilseeds production in the country has increased due to implementation of technology mission. The present study was attempted to examine the growth performance of groundnut in the major states of India and assess the immediate and sustained effects of oilseeds mission on groundnut production in order to identify the potentials for future expansion of area and scaling -up the yield of groundnut-based production system. Growth and quasi experimental time series analyses were employed to assess the growth performance and intervention’s effects (oilseeds mission) using time series data. Increase in groundnut production has been contributed mainly by increase in productivity. Though the maximum productivity growth was 6.24% per annum in India, overall growth rate in yield was 2.28 % per annum due to yearly aberrations indicating the high instability.  Groundnut yield grew by 3.84, 3.06 and 2.16 % per annum respectively in Rajasthan, Madya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu for the overall period (1992-93 and 2020-21). However, these states witnessed production shortfalls and production fell by 0.94, 6.42 and 2.05 % per annum, respectively. Except Gujarat the other major states also exhibited negative growth in production and the rate of drop was higher in the Uttara Pradesh (7.91%) followed by Madhya Pradesh (6.42%), Maharashtra (4.94%), Andhra Pradesh (3.69%) and Karnataka (3.03%).  Groundnut production in India also fell by 2.13 % per annum mainly due to fall in area and marginal growth in yield. The estimated yield increase was 450 kg/ha in India, which is higher by 48 % after the intervention.   The estimated positive and significant coefficient of interrupted time series for India (50.36) reveal that the oilseeds mission has created sustained effects as a result there was a yield improvement. Sustained effects of intervention are noticed in most of the states. Sustaining the productivity in those states with high yield potential and improving the productivity in other major states by prioritizing and disseminating the seeds of suitable varieties and production technologies are vital as there is lackluster response from the farmers in adoption of varieties and technologies.
The Attitude of Health Professionals on Electronic Health System in Developing Countries: A Review Article
Authors: Kuffour Emmanuel Anning
Published: May 2023

Objective: It is anticipated that the implementation of electronic medical record systems would improve healthcare infrastructure as well as clinical treatment by making it easier to store and retrieve the medical histories of patients. This study aims to investigate on the attitude of health professionals on electronic health system in developing countries.

Methods: The reviewed studies adopted a cross-sectional study design. A systematic review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the key words in the search query were directed towards the barriers in the attitude of health professionals on electronic health system in developing countries. Areas noted in relation to this study was attitude of health professionals on electronic health system. Therefore, there was linkage of papers pointing out the attitude of health professionals on electronic health system in developing countries.

Results: Of the total respondents, 125 (29.6%) did not utilize the EMR system for their everyday job, whereas 240 (56.7%) had a positive outlook on EMR system use, as reported by Yehualashet et al. in 2015. In 2019, Agyenna et al., The study found that the adoption of e-Health systems among health managers and professionals was significantly influenced by institutional factors.

Conclusion: The research found that e-Health adoption among healthcare institutions was negatively impacted by most parameters, but moderately impacted by performance expectancy variables and effort expectancy variables.
Remote Sensing Indexes Assessment for Drought Monitoring Using Sentinel Satellite Imagery: A Case Study from Natanz County, Iran
Authors: Saravahidi  , Amini Amir Shahrokh , Hatamzadeh Vahid
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the problem of climate change and decrease in rainfall has become a big challenge in Iran, so it’s monitoring and control is very vital and necessary. In addition to the classical methods, nowadays with the progress of the space industry in the world, the use of remote sensing techniques has greatly helped to detect and monitor drought. The science of remote sensing and the use of satellite images is considered a useful and optimal tool for drought monitoring. In this project, we investigated the occurrence of drought using satellite images and remote sensing techniques. In this way, we have calculated the drought-related remote sensing indicators, including NDVI, VCI, TCI, and VHI, in the six-year period between 2015 and 2021 for Natanz county located in Isfahan province. In order to calculate the indicators, Sentinel satellite data was used, and to calculate the Standard Rainfall Index (SPI), data from the synoptic station of Natanz county was used. According to the general results obtained from the indicators, currently the drought situation in the southwestern region of this area has been increasing compared to the last five years, and in other regions we are witnessing the growth and occurrence of drought sporadically. The results of this research show that the best index for calculating and monitoring drought is the VCI index because it has a higher correlation with meteorological data and the SPI index.
Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) (False Basil) as an Alternative to the Chemical Antibiotics Used in Breeding Cobb-500 Broiler Chickens in the Department of Azaguie, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara-Soro F. S. , Camara D. , Acray-Zengbe P. , Djile J. R. , Konan B. Yao
Published: May 2023

In order to propose a plant extract as an alternative to the use of antibiotics used in broiler breeding, an experimental study was carried out in the department of Azaguié and the choice fell on the aqueous extract leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L (EAOG). To achieve this objective, fifty (50) broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strains were divided into two (02) batches of twenty-five (25) each. Thus, batch I received only the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum L., while batch II received the prophylaxis recommended for rearing in this locality. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and catechin tannins in Ocimum gratissimum L. The acute toxicity study carried out on broilers showed that EAOG is not toxic by the oral route in a single dose at a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. The EAOG caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in the live weight of the treated chickens compared to the controls. In addition, the results showed a significant reduction in the mortality rate and feed conversion ratio of chickens treated with EAOG compared to controls. Finally, concerning the biochemical and leukocyte parameters, the results showed a significant increase in the levels of urea and AST, lymphocytes, white blood cells, neutrophils and basophils of chickens treated with the extract compared to those treated with the usual antibiotics. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum could be recommended to poultry farmers as an alternative to the usual antibiotics.
Field Evaluation of Site Specific Drip Fertigation in Tomato
Authors: Khamarunneesa M. , Sajeena S. , Hakkim V. M. Abdul , Prashanth K.
Published: May 2023

Evaluation of site specific drip fertigation system based on GIS integrated nutrient status maps was conducted at Instructional Farm, KCAET, Tavanur, Malappuram, Kerala. Using the spatial variability maps of the soil nutrients, two test plots, one from high fertility zone and one from low fertility zone were identified with the help of GPS for raising the tomato crop. The experimental plot was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The results showed an increase in yield and growth parameters under site specific drip fertigation treatment in low fertility area due to the adequate fertiliser application than general recommendation. In high fertility area, reduction of fertilizer to site specific requirements has produced almost similar result of general recommendation which indicates that site specific dose was sufficient to produce optimum yield from the crop. Site specific drip fertigation helped to achieve a higher water and nutrient use efficiency with a high economic return of agricultural produce. From this study, it could be concluded that, instead of going with blanket nutrient recommendation, a site specific nutrient recommendation may help the farmers who want to achieve higher profit from unit land area by using optimum inputs, thereby reducing environmental stress due to over fertilizer application.
Assessment of Long Term Spatial-Temporal Variability of Wind Speed of Kalaburgi District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Siddharam  , Kambale J. B. , Basavaraja D.
Published: May 2023

Accurate wind power estimates (based on variable wind speeds) are necessary for successful planning and investment in wind power development. In order to inform the development of wind energy, it is essential to acquire a trustworthy quantification and spatiotemporal characteristics of wind speeds. This research used the ArcGIS, Mann-Kendall (MK) test, and Sen's slope to analyze long-term wind speed data from 7 stations in the Kalaburgi District, North Eastern Region of Karnataka State, from 1981 to 2018. The findings of this study contribute to our knowledge of how wind speeds in Kalaburgi District vary and are distributed over long time scales. Over 35 years, there has been a slight and steady rise or decrease in the average wind speed (aveWS). Second, over a span of about 35 years, the annual aweWS varied greatly at various points within the Kalaburgi District. Additionally, the annual aveWS at each station showed a rising tendency. Last but not least, values of wind speeds varied geographically were not very consistent throughout the year, and gradually decreased.
Cross Resistance Patterns Associated with Spinosad Resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in South India
Authors: Upendhar S. , Satyanarayana J. , Sree K. Vani
Published: May 2023

Aim: To study the cross resistance patterns associated with Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in south India.

Study Design: Bioassay.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad,Telangana from February 2010 to May 2011.

Methodology: Spinosad resistant Helicoverpa armigera population in F1 and F2 subjected to different insecticides to know the cross resistance patterns associated.

Results: American bollworm population of Mahaboobnagar has developed 0.308 and 0.646 folds and 0.284 and 0.624 folds in Raichur population as compared with the Nagpur baseline population at F1. Mahaboobnagar population displayed a negative cross resistance ratio of 0.677 fold to cypermethrin, 0.806 fold to methomyl, 0.935 fold to indoxacarb and positive cross resistance of 1.039 fold to spinosad, similar trend was followed in Raichur population with a negative cross resistance ratio of  0.918 fold to cypermethrin, 0.543 fold to methomyl, 0.642 fold to indoxacarb and 1.060  fold to spinosad. Further,  the Nagpur population exihibited  a similar trend with a negative cross resistance ratio of  0.604 fold to cypermethrin, 0.690 fold to methomyl, 0.570 fold to indoxacarb and positive cross resistance ratio of 1.077  fold to spinosad at F3.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that the continuous application of same insecticide across the generations increases the resistance from F1 to F3. Alternating the new chemistries with old conventional chemicals results in no cross resistance development as it was observed in all three populations studied.
Relationship between Soil Fertility Indices under Coffee and Cocoa Fallows in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Bi Zro Ferdinand Gohi , Guéi Martinez Arnauth , Bony Kacou , Soro Dogniméton , Bakayoko Sidiky
Published: May 2023

In the department of Daloa in Côte d'Ivoire, many coffee and cocoa plantations that have fallen into decline and been left fallow are in the process of being reclaimed by their former or new users. In order to prevent the failure of the planned new crops, this study was initiated to determine how the soils under these fallows function, which is essential for developing sustainable management strategies for them. Thus, seven fallows older than ten years were identified. In each of them, a 10,000 m2 plot was delimited and three soil pits were set up. In one pit, three soil samples were taken. After analysis of these samples in the laboratory, correlations and balances between certain physico-chemical soil components were calculated. The results show that organic matter contributes in some places to the constitution of the CEC (r ˃ 0.70) and thus participates in the soil's function as a reservoir of nutrients. On the other hand, when the soils are leached, the organic matter binds to the sand remaining in the profile and, because of its coarse particles, it hardly contributes to the constitution of the CEC (r = -0.70). However, whatever the case, the stability balances between the soil nutrients are globally favourable due to the long duration of the fallows (Ca/Mg close to 2 while K/Mg, (Ca+K)/Mg and C/N varied from 0.10 to 0.50, 15 to 30 and 9 to 12, respectively). Pending consideration of the functioning of the biological component of the soils studied, organic matter appears to be the most determining factor in their overall functioning.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Intention and Behavior of Piracy on Digital Entertainment Platforms in Indonesia
Authors: Lazauardi Luthfan , Hartono Arif
Published: May 2023

Aims: This study aims to identify the factors that influence individual intentions and behavior to pirate digital entertainment platforms by using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Indonesia between January and March 2023.

Methodology: The data in this study were obtained through an online questionnaire using the Google Form which was distributed to 200 respondents who had accessed websites (such as IndXXI, LK21 and others) or entertainment platforms (such as Spotify, Joox, Netflix, Viu, Maxstream and others) illegally. The results will be presented through a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the respondents and PLS-SEM analysis.

Results: The results show that influencing factors such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and moral obligation have a positive and significant influence on digital piracy intentions. These results are also supported by the presence of a positive and significant influence on digital piracy intentions on digital piracy behavior.
One-Year Outcomes Following Intravenous Ketamine Plus Digital Training Among Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Price Rebecca B. , Wallace Meredith L. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Howland Robert H.
Published: May 2023

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines whether automated self-association training can prolong the antidepressant effect of a single infusion of ketamine beyond 1 month in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
IFNγ induces Bcl3 expression by JAK1/STAT1/p65 signaling, resulting in increased IL‐8 expression in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Gaire Bijaya , Padmanabhan Sveta , Zou Yue , Uddin Mohammad M. , Reddy Suprataptha U. , Vancurova Ivana
Published: May 2023

We have recently shown that IFNγ, produced during cancer therapy, induces expression of the Bcl3 proto‐oncogene in ovarian cancer (OC) cells, resulting in their increased proliferation, migration, and invasion, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the IFNγ‐induced Bcl3 expression is dependent on JAK1 and STAT1 signaling, and on p65 NFκB. Furthermore, the IFNγ‐induced Bcl3 expression is associated with an increased occupancy of Ser‐727 phosphorylated STAT1 and acetylated histone H3 at the Bcl3 promoter. Our data indicate that Bcl3 promotes expression of the pro‐inflammatory chemokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in OC cells. These findings identify Bcl3 as a novel target of IFNγ/JAK1/STAT1 signaling and suggest that targeting the JAK1/STAT1 pathway may suppress IFNγ‐induced Bcl3 expression in OC.
Organic Molecular Intercalated V3O7·H2O with High Operating Voltage for Long Cycle Life Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mingying , Zhang Xueqian , Dong Qi , Zhang Shaojie , Xu Zhibin , Hou Zhiguo , Qian Yitai
Published: May 2023

V3O7·H2O (VO) is an attractive cathode material for high‐capacity aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs), but it is limited by slow ion mobility and low working platform voltage. Here, a 1,3‐propane diamine (DP)‐intercalated VO with nanoribbon‐assembled thorn flower‐like structure is fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method, noted as VO‐DP. The study shows that the zinc ion diffusion coefficient in VO‐DP (3.1 × 10−8 cm−2 s−1) is five orders of magnitude higher than that of a pure VO counterpart. Auxiliary density functional theory simulation shows that the embedded energy of zinc ions in VO‐DP significantly decreases from 0.24 to −2.5 eV, thus leading to excellent diffusion kinetics and superior rate performance. Benefiting from these unique properties, AZIBs composed of VO‐DP cathodes exhibit high operating voltage (0.89 V), remarkable capacities of 473 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, excellent rate capability (144 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and long‐term cycling performance (73% capacity retention over 15 000 cycles at 10 A g−1).
Solvent‐Free Electrolyte for High‐Temperature Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Phan An L , Jayawardana Chamithri , Le Phung ML , Zhang Jiaxun , Nan Bo , Zhang Weiran , Lucht Brett L , Hou Singyuk , Wang Chunsheng
Published: May 2023

The formation of lithiophobic inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li anode and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathode is beneficial for high‐voltage Li metal batteries. However, in most liquid electrolytes, the decomposition of organic solvents inevitably forms organic components in the SEI and CEI. In addition, organic solvents often pose substantial safety risks due to their high volatility and flammability. Herein, an organic‐solvent‐free eutectic electrolyte based on low‐melting alkali perfluorinated‐sulfonimide salts is reported. The exclusive anion reduction on Li anode surface results in an inorganic, LiF‐rich SEI with high capability to suppress Li dendrite, as evidenced by the high Li plating/stripping CE of 99.4% at 0.5  mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2, and 200‐cycle lifespan of full LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (2.0 mAh cm−2) || Li (20 µm) cells at 80 °C. The proposed eutectic electrolyte is promising for ultrasafe and high‐energy Li metal batteries.
High‐Pressure Induction and Quantitative Regulation of Oxygen Vacancy Defects in Lithium Titanate
Authors: Yan Lv , Qin Jieming , Liang Benkuan , Wang Qi , Geng Mingchen
Published: May 2023

Inspired by the functional properties of ion defect induction and charge compensation in defect engineering, these methods are expected to be an effective strategy to solve the constraints of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) inherent conductivity and diffusion dynamics, and further improve battery rate performance. The oxygen vacancy (OV) content in LTO can be controlled quantitatively by high‐pressure induction using the high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) method. In addition, the relationship between the electrochemical properties and OV is further explored. The theoretical calculations indicate that the OV defects cause the electrons to delocalize into the conduction band of the LTO, and thus fundamentally improve the intrinsic conductivity. In particular, the high‐pressure quenching strategy of HPHT causes LTO to instantly produce crack holes with massive crystalline layers, which can be regarded as storage for the electrolyte to facilitate ion diffusion. The fabricated LTO anodes containing OVs compensate for the limitation of the poor rate performance with a capacity of 176 mAh g−1 at 20 C. Pressure‐induced OV defects not only open up a new perspective in the field of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but also provide a certain degree of freedom for the functional design characteristics of defect engineering.
Metal Single‐Atom Cocatalyst on Carbon Nitride for the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Effects of Metal Species
Authors: Akinaga Yuki , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Kameko Hinano , Yamazaki Yuki , Yamazaki Kenji , Nakayasu Yuhi , Kato Kosaku , Tanaka Yuto , Hanindriyo Adie Tri , Takagi Makito , Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori , Yamakata Akira , Negishi Yuichi
Published: May 2023

Single‐atom (SA) catalysts exhibit high activity in various reactions because there are no inactive internal atoms. Accordingly, SA cocatalysts are also an active research fields regarding photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution which can be generated by abundant water and sunlight. Herein, it is investigated whether 10 transition metal elements can work as an SA on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4; i.e., gCN), a promising visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst. A method is established to prepare SA‐loaded gCN at high loadings (weight of ≈3 wt.% for Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru) by modulating the photoreduction power. Regarding Au and Ag, SAs are formed with difficulty without aggregation because of the low binding energy between gCN and the SA. An evaluation of the photocatalytic H2‐evolution activity of the prepared metal SA‐loaded gCN reveals that Pd, Pt, and Rh SA‐loaded gCN exhibits relatively high H2‐evolution efficiency per SA. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal the following: i) Pd SA‐loaded gCN exhibits a particularly suitable electronic structure for proton adsorption and ii) therefore they exhibit the highest H2‐evolution efficiency per SA than other metal SA‐loaded gCN. Finally, the 8.6 times higher H2‐evolution rate per active site of Pd SA is achieved than that of Pd‐nanoparticles cocatalyst.
Li‐La‐Zr‐O Garnets with High Li‐Ion Conductivity and Air‐Stability by Microstructure‐Engineering
Authors: Nasir Mohammad , Park Ji Young , Heo Pilwon , Choi Kyoung Hwan , Park Hee Jung
Published: May 2023

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte (SE) is a potential candidate for developing safe and economically all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) owing to its high Li‐ion conductivity and electrochemical stability against lithium anodes. However, poor stability and significant reduction in conductivity when exposed to air, limit its practical use. Herein, a unique two‐step sintering approach is designed to tailor the microstructure of LLZO that can withstand extended air exposure. The record high Li‐ion conductivity (≈1.7 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) is obtained for coarse‐grained Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12 (GLLZO) samples, whereas fine‐grained samples exhibit a relatively lower yet still substantial conductivity (≈1.3 mS cm−1). However, coarse‐grained samples are vulnerable to atmospheric attacks, forming larger Li2CO3 on the surface, leading to spontaneous cracking and significantly reduced conductivity (≈4 order). Despite these limitations, coarse‐grained samples can still be good SE for ASSBs under certain conditions. Interestingly, fine‐grained samples maintain structural integrity and Li‐ion conductivity even after prolonged exposure to air. The differing transport and stability behaviors are attributed to variations in the bulk compositions originating from distinct sintering mechanisms. These findings represent a significant step toward achieving air‐stable, highly conductive solid electrolytes with normal grain growth that will reduce interfacial resistance and improve the power density and cyclability of next‐generation ASSBs.
Sequential Vacuum Evaporated Copper Metal Halides for Scalable, Flexible, and Dynamic X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Qiu Fu , Peng Guoqiang , Xu Youkui , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen
Published: May 2023

Copper metal halides have emerged as a strong contender in the scintillator field due to the self‐trapped excitons (STEs) mechanism. However, their development has been hindered by the preparation process. Single crystals have long growth cycles and cannot achieve large areas and flexibility. Quantum dots have a low yield and can easily cause chemical pollution, and the thickness of films prepared by the spin coating cannot be controlled. To address these challenges, a new method for preparing Cs3Cu2Cl5 using sequential vacuum evaporation is developed. This allows successful preparation of large‐area (≈100 cm2) and flexible films. The STEs mechanism of Cs3Cu2Cl5 gives it unique properties such as a large Stokes shift that reduces self‐absorption effects, and a wide full width at half‐maximum that improves coupling with photodiodes. Therefore, Cs3Cu2Cl5 is applied to X‐ray imaging with a light yield of ≈30 000 photons MeV−1, a spatial resolution of over 10 lp mm−1, and a low detection limit below 0.8 µGyair s−1. In addition, the flexible Cs3Cu2Cl5 film enables effective dynamic imaging and clear imaging on non‐planar objects. It also exhibits good resistance to harsh environments, maintaining good imaging performance after 150 days. It is believed that sequential vacuum evaporation provides an important idea for preparing scintillators.
Domain Distribution Management of Quasi‐2D Perovskites toward High‐Performance Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xia Yu , Li Yu‐Han , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: May 2023

Quasi‐2D perovskites, as one of the promising materials applied in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), have attracted great attention for their superior semiconductor properties. The inherent multiquantum well structure can induce a strong confinement effect, which is especially suitable for blue emission. However, compared to their green counterparts, blue emitters constructed from quasi‐2D perovskites are more sensitive to n domain distribution (where n represents the number of PbX6 inorganic layers). Suffering from inefficient domain distribution management, blue PeLEDs now face a variety of negative issues, including color instability, multipeak emission, and poor fluorescence yield. In this review, the development of blue PeLEDs and the optical properties of quasi‐2D perovskites are overviewed. Then, a classification and summary of strategies for domain distribution management are proposed. Finally, the challenges and potential directions of domain distribution management in quasi‐2D perovskites are summarized. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive perspective and reference on domain distribution management toward efficient blue quasi‐2D PeLEDs.
Highly Reliable Textile‐Type Memristor by Designing Aligned Nanochannels
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhou Xufeng , Yan Hui , Shi Xiang , Chen Ke , Zhou Jinyang , Meng Jialin , Wang Tianyu , Ai Yulu , Wu Jingxia , Chen Jiaxin , Zeng Kaiwen , Chen Lin , Peng Yahui , Sun Xuemei , Chen Peining , Peng Huisheng
Published: May 2023

Information‐processing devices are the core components of modern electronics. Integrating them into textiles is the indispensable demand for electronic textiles to form close‐loop functional systems. Memristors with crossbar configuration are regarded as promising building blocks to design woven information‐processing devices that seamlessly unify with textiles. However, the memristors always suffer from severe temporal and spatial variations due to the random growth of conductive filaments during filamentary switching processes. Here, inspired by the ion nanochannels across synaptic membranes, a highly reliable textile‐type memristor made of Pt/CuZnS memristive fiber with aligned nanochannels, showing small set voltage variation (<5.6%) under ultralow set voltage (≈0.089 V), high on/off ratio (≈106), and low power consumption (0.1 nW), is reported. Experimental evidence indicate that nanochannels with abundant active S defects can anchor silver ions and confine their migrations to form orderly and efficient conductive filaments. Such memristive performances enable the resultant textile‐type memristor array to have high device‐to‐device uniformity and process complex physiological data like brainwave signals with high recognition accuracy (95%). The textile‐type memristor arrays are mechanically durable to withstand hundreds of bending and sliding deformations, and seamlessly unified with sensing, power‐supplying, and displaying textiles/fibers to form all‐textile integrated electronic systems for new generation human‐machine interactions.
Triggering Pt Active Sites in Basal Plane of Van der Waals PtTe2 Materials by Amorphization Engineering for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Wen , Cui Congcong , Xu Yongheng , Liu Qiyuan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Zihan , Lu Shenci , Rong Ziqiang , Li Xinzhe , Fang Yiyun , Huang Wei
Published: May 2023

Exposing active sites and optimizing their binding strength to reaction intermediates are two essential strategies to significantly improve the catalytic performance of 2D materials. However, pursuing an efficient way to achieve these goals simultaneously remains a considerable challenge. Here, using 2D PtTe2 van der Waals material with a well‐defined crystal structure and atomically thin thickness as a model catalyst, it is observed that a moderate calcination strategy can promote the structural transformation of 2D crystal PtTe2 nanosheets (c‐PtTe2 NSs) into oxygen‐doped 2D amorphous PtTe2 NSs (a‐PtTe2 NSs). The experimental and theoretical investigations cooperatively reveal that oxygen dopants can break the inherent Pt‐Te covalent bond in c‐PtTe2 NSs, thereby triggering the reconfiguration of interlayer Pt atoms and exposing them thoroughly. Meanwhile, the structural transformation can effectively tailor the electronic properties (e.g., the density of state near the Fermi level, d‐band center, and conductivity) of Pt active sites via the hybridization of Pt 5d orbitals and O 2p orbitals. As a result, a‐PtTe2 NSs with large amounts of exposed Pt active sites and optimized binding strength to hydrogen intermediates exhibit excellent activity and stability in hydrogen evolution reaction.
Immobilizing Surface Halide in Perovskite Solar Cells via Calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Guo Huanxin , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Chengjie , Hu Honglong , Zhang Huidong , Zhang Lijun , Zhu Wei‐Hong , Wu Yongzhen
Published: May 2023

Halide diffusion across the charge‐transporting layer followed by a reaction with metal electrode represents a critical factor limiting the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a supramolecular strategy with surface anion complexation is reported for enhancing the light and thermal stability of perovskite films, as well as devices. Calix[4]pyrrole (C[4]P) is demonstrated as a unique anion‐binding agent for stabilizing the structure of perovskite by anchoring surface halides, which increases the activation energy for halide migration, thus effectively suppressing the halide–metal electrode reactions. The C[4]P‐stabilized perovskite films preserve their initial morphology after ageing at 85 °C or under 1 sun illumination in humid air over 50 h, significantly outperforming the control samples. This strategy radically tackles the halide outward‐diffusion issue without sacrificing charge extraction. Inverted‐structured PSCs based on C[4]P modified formamidinium–cesium perovskite exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of over 23%. The lifespans of unsealed PSCs are unprecedentedly prolonged from dozens of hours to over 2000 h under operation (ISOS‐L‐1) and 85 °C ageing (ISOS‐D‐2). When subjected to a harsher protocol of ISOS‐L‐2 with both light and thermal stresses, the C[4]P‐based PSCs maintain 87% of original efficiency after ageing for 500 h.
Synthesis of High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanoparticles by a Step‐Alloying Strategy as a Superior Multifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Wenhui , Gong Shen , Luo Liuxiong , Li Yixuan , Zhao Yuyuan , Li Zhou
Published: May 2023

High‐entropy‐alloy nanoparticles (HEA‐NPs) have attracted great attention because of their unique complex compositions and tailorable properties. Further expanding the compositional space is of great significance for enriching the material library. Here, a step‐alloying strategy is developed to synthesis HEA‐NPs containing a range of strongly repellent elements (e.g., Bi–W) by using the rich‐Pt cores formed during the first liquid phase reaction as the seed of the second thermal diffusion. Remarkably, the representative HEA‐NPs‐(14) with up to 14 elements exhibits extremely excellent multifunctional electrocatalytic performance for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), alkaline methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Briefly, HEA‐NPs‐(14) only requires the ultralow overpotentials of 11 and 18 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits ultralong durability for 400 and 264 h under 100 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1 m KOH, respectively, which surpasses most advanced pH‐universal HER catalysts. Moreover, HEA‐NPs‐(14) also exhibits an impressive peak current density of 12.6 A mg−1Pt in 1 m KOH + 1 m MeOH and a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs RHE.) in 0.1 m KOH. The work further expands the spectrum of possible metal alloys, which is important for the broad compositional space and future data‐driven material discovery.
Ionic Gel Based Multifunctional Sensor for Body Temperature Monitoring and Joint Motion Detection
Authors: Li Fan , Xue Hua , Lin Xiuzhu , Zhao Chao , Li Juan , Zhao Hongran , Zhang Tong
Published: May 2023

Flexible temperature and strain sensors are key components of wearable devices for healthcare monitoring. Currently, the insufficient precision, undesirable mechanical properties, and the cross interference between different external stimuli are still bottleneck problems for flexible sensors especially in body temperature and human motion monitoring. Herein, an ionic gel based on ionic liquids (ILs) and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber is fabricated via a feasible and scalable immersion method for temperature and strain multifunctional sensing. Wearable sensor based on ionic gel exhibits high temperature sensitivity (2.73% ◦C−1) and sufficient resolution (0.1 ◦C) in the skin temperature range. Meanwhile, the sensor exhibits linear and stable strain sensing performance and has the ability to respond to tiny strains. More importantly, the multifunctional fiber‐like sensor is easy to integrate with traditional textile, which is beneficial to solve the wearability problems such as discomfort and impermeability in practical applications. Notably, the stimulus caused by strain can be almost avoided by sewing smart fibers into S‐shape during the temperature monitoring, which helps decouple the temperature and strain signals. As prepared intelligent textiles can accurately capture small fluctuations in temperature and detect the action amplitude of the human body, which is important for disease prediction and rehabilitation training of patients.
Boosting Ultrafast Trans‐Cis Photoisomerization and Intersystem Crossing in Nanocrystals of Double‐Bond Photoswitching Molecules
Authors: Pang Junhong , He Jiaxing , Deng Ziqi , Chen Wenbin , Chen Shunli , Ni Shaofei , Phillips David Lee , Dong Zhengya , Dang Li , Li Ming‐De
Published: May 2023

Double‐bond photoswitching molecules typically can undergo trans→cis photoisomerization, but their photoisomerization mechanisms in the solid state have been rarely reported. Herein, the excited‐state evolutions of trans‐azobenzene (AB), trans‐stilbene (TS), and N‐benzylideneaniline (NBA) are studied to unveil the relationship between the double‐bond photoswitching molecules and the photoisomerization kinetics in the solution phase and in nanocrystal suspensions (NCS). The photoisomerization rate of NBA is the fastest among these three molecules in the solution phase due to its most apparent single‐bond feature of the central double bond in the S1 state. The free space ordered crystal configuration boosts the photoisomerization rates of AB and TS in NCS to be faster than that of the solution phase because the hindrance of the wrapping solvent is eliminated in the crystals. In contrast, when NBA is prepared into NCS, it becomes distorted into a nonplanar structure because of the asymmetrical C‐H···π interactions, resulting in NBA having a large spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) value which opens the intersystem crossing channel to generate the triplet state instead of undergoing photoisomerization in solution. Therefore, this work reveals that the crystal configuration and the molecular structure may critically determine the photophysical properties of photoswitching materials.
Chiral TADF Polymers Realizing Highly‐Efficient Deep‐Red Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence Over 660 nm
Authors: Teng Jin‐Ming , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: May 2023

Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been widely reported in recent years. However, a universal strategy for designing deep‐red chiral TADF emitters is still unexplored. Herein, to address the problem, a pair of chiral donor intermediates are designed and synthesized for preparing deep‐red chiral TADF emitters, and two novel chiral TADF polymers R‐P and S‐P are developed through this strategy. The polymers exhibit intense mirror‐image circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals in toluene dilute solution. Besides, a series of solution‐processed circularly polarized polymer light‐emitting diode (CP‐PLED) devices are fabricated with R‐P and S‐P. The corresponding devices achieve persuasive performance with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 6.2% and 5.8% at the wavelength of 662 nm, respectively. Besides, mirror‐image CPEL signals are detected with electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of +1.6 × 10−3 and −1.7 × 10−3 from the corresponding CP‐PLED devices, respectively.
Synergistic Enhancement of Adeno‐Associated Virus‐Mediated In Vivo Direct Neuronal Reprogramming by Spatially Aligned Fibrous Matrices in Spinal Cord Injury Models
Authors: Kim Joowon , Son Yong‐Wook , Hwang Kyujin , Park Hyun‐Woo , Kim Yoojin , Kim Miri , Shin Jeong Eun , Park Kook In , Lee Slgirim , Jang Jae‐Hyung
Published: May 2023

In vivo direct neuronal reprogramming approaches, which convert host glial cells into neurons without using exogenous cellular supplies, have become a powerful strategy for neuronal regeneration. However, their effectiveness in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) models with a physical gap between the injured sites is unclear. This study highlights the important role of physical guidance in increasing the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo reprogramming technologies in SCI hemisection models. Reactive astrocytes are selected as host targets for conversion into neurons. An astrocyte‐tropic adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector, AAVShH19, is used to deliver the neuronal transcription factor NeuroD1 to reactive astrocytes. The infusion of AAVShH19‐NeuroD1 induces astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion, but improvement of locomotive function is not observed due to the physical distance between the rostral and caudal sides, which impedes axonal extension. To address this issue, electrospun fibrous matrices with adhesive and aligned structural features are implanted into the hemisection cavity and designed to release AAVShH19‐NeuroD1. The combination of the AAV‐mediated reprogramming approach and the matrices promoted astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion and coordinated the elongation of neuronal axons along the fibers, leading to improved synaptic connections and motor function. This study demonstrates the potential of physical support to enhance the efficacy of direct neuronal reprogramming.
A One‐Stage Deep Learning Model for Industrial Defect Detection
Authors: Li Zhaoguo , Wei Xiumei , Hassaballah M. , Jiang Xuesong
Published: May 2023

Industrial defect detection is a hot topic in the field of computer vision and industry. Industrial defects are diverse and complex, and well‐known machine learning based methods can often not effectively extract features of industrial defects and achieve good detection results. To address the above problems, this paper introduces a deep learning model for industrial defect detection. First, a two‐branch decoupled head, which can facilitate model training through separating the prediction of category and regression is designed. Also, two inverted bottleneck structures are designed to enhance the ability of the model to extract features. Moreover, an attention‐enhanced feature fusion (AEFF) module is designed and integrated into the neck network to achieve effective feature fusion. Extensive experiments are conducted on three public datasets, namely the DeepPCB dataset, NEU‐DET dataset, and NRSD‐MN dataset. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves competitive results compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The proposed model achieves mAP@0.5:0.95, 71.78%, 36.04%, and 48.69% on the PCB dataset, NEU‐DET dataset, and the NRSD‐MN dataset, respectively.
Learning Hand Kinematics for Parkinson's Disease Assessment Using a Multimodal Sensor Glove
Authors: Li Yu , Yin Junyi , Liu Shuoyan , Xue Bing , Shokoohi Cyrus , Ge Gang , Hu Menglei , Li Tenghuan , Tao Xue , Rao Zhi , Meng Fanye , Shi Hongfeng , Ji Xiaoqiang , Servati Peyman , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jun
Published: May 2023

Hand dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease include rigidity, muscle weakness, and tremor, which can severely affect the patient's daily life. Herein, a multimodal sensor glove is developed for quantifying the severity of Parkinson's disease symptoms in patients’ hands while assessing the hands’ multifunctionality. Toward signal processing, various algorithms are used to quantify and analyze each signal: Exponentially Weighted Average algorithm and Kalman filter are used to filter out noise, normalization to process bending signals, K‐Means Cluster Analysis to classify muscle strength grades, and Back Propagation Neural Network to identify and classify tremor signals with an accuracy of 95.83%. Given the compelling features, the flexibility, muscle strength, and stability assessed by the glove and the clinical observations are proved to be highly consistent with Kappa values of 0.833, 0.867, and 0.937, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients obtained by reliability evaluation experiments for the three assessments are greater than 0.9, indicating that the system is reliable. The glove can be applied to assist in formulating targeted rehabilitation treatments and improve hand recovery efficiency.
Selective NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Healing in Vascular Materials
Authors: Grant Angus J. , Yang Nianji , Moore Matthew J. , Lam Yuen Ting , Michael Praveesuda L. , Chan Alex H.P. , Santos Miguel , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Tan Richard P. , Wise Steven G.
Published: May 2023

Minimally invasive interventions using drug‐eluting stents or balloons are a first‐line treatment for certain occlusive cardiovascular diseases, but the major long‐term cause of failure is neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). The drugs eluted from these devices are non‐specific anti‐proliferative drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX) or sirolimus (SMS), which do not address the underlying inflammation. MCC950 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3‐inflammasome, which drives sterile inflammation commonly observed in NIH. Additionally, in contrast to broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory drugs, MCC950 does not compromise global immune function due this selective activity. In this study, MCC950 is found to not impact the viability, integrity, or function of human coronary endothelial cells, in contrast to the non‐specific anti‐proliferative effects of PTX and SMS. Using an in vitro model of NLRP3‐mediated inflammation in murine macrophages, MCC950 reduced IL‐1β expression, which is a key driver of NIH. In an in vivo mouse model of NIH in vascular grafts, MCC950 significantly enhanced re‐endothelialization and reduced NIH compared to PTX or SMS. These findings show the effectiveness of a targeted anti‐inflammatory drug‐elution strategy with significant implications for cardiovascular device intervention.
Deep Penetrating and Sensitive Targeted Magnetic Particle Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Early‐Stage Glioblastoma Based on a Biomimetic Nanoplatform
Authors: Huang Xiazi , Hui Hui , Shang Wenting , Gao Pengli , Zhou Yingying , Pang Weiran , Woo Chi Man , Tian Jie , Lai Puxiang
Published: May 2023

Early diagnosis can effectively improve the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A specific imaging technique that is simultaneously deep penetrating and sensitive to small tissue changes is desired to identify GBM. Due to its excellent features in signal contrast, detection sensitivity, and none or little attenuation in tissue, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) possesses great potential in cancer diagnosis, especially when the imaging modality is equipped with specifically targeted nanoprobes. However, when gliomas are small, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is complete and prevents nanoprobes from entering the brain, which negates the theranostic effect. This study proposes a biomimetic nanoplatform that assist the MPI tracers in breaking through the BBB and then demonstrate a targeted and sensitive diagnosis of GBM. Afterward, the photothermal therapy and immune regulation show an excellent therapeutic effect on the GBM. It is experimentally confirmed that the MPI signal does not decay with tissue depth and shows excellent sensitivity for thousands‐cells. Only small animals are conducted in this study due to the limitations of the current commercial MPI scanner, however, this research theoretically enables large animal and human studies, which encourages a promising pathway toward the noninvasive diagnosis of early‐stage GBM in clinics.
Interplay between Liposomes and IgM: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Wang Huan , Lin Shiqi , Wu Xiying , Jiang Kuan , Lu Huiping , Zhan Changyou
Published: May 2023

Liposomes have received tremendous attention as a class of versatile pharmaceutical vehicles of great potential over the past several decades. However, the application of liposomes encounters major challenges due to the knowledge gaps in their in vivo delivery process. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) displays both pervasiveness and complexity in regulating the biological functions as well as eliciting adverse effects of liposomes. Understanding, mitigating, and exploiting the duality of IgM are prerequisites for achieving various biomedical applications of liposomes. In this review, the intricate relationship between liposomes and their biological environments has been summarized, with an emphasis on the regulatory effects of IgM on in vivo performance of liposomes. Corresponding solutions have also been discussed to evade IgM‐mediated opsonization for safe and efficient drug delivery.