bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viraemic-time predicts mortality among people living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mesic Anita , Decroo Tom , Mar Htay Thet , Jacobs Bart K. M. , Thandar Moe Pyae , Thwe Thin Thin , Kyaw Aung Aung , Sangma Mitchell , Beversluis David , Bermudez-Aza Elkin , Spina Alexander , Aung Darli Po Po , Piriou Erwan , Ritmeijer Koert , Van Olmen Josefien , Oo Htun Nyunt , Lynen Lutgarde
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Despite HIV viral load (VL) monitoring being serial, most studies use a cross-sectional design to evaluate the virological status of a cohort. The objective of our study was to use a simplified approach to calculate viraemic-time: the proportion of follow-up time with unsuppressed VL above the limit of detection. We estimated risk factors for higher viraemic-time and whether viraemic-time predicted mortality in a second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) cohort in Myanmar.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who received second-line ART for a period >6 months and who had at least two HIV VL test results between 01 January 2014 and 30 April 2018. Fractional logistic regression assessed risk factors for having higher viraemic-time and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association between viraemic-time and mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to illustrate survival probability for different viraemic-time categories.

Results

Among 1,352 participants, 815 (60.3%) never experienced viraemia, and 172 (12.7%), 214 (15.8%), and 80 (5.9%) participants were viraemic <20%, 20–49%, and 50–79% of their total follow-up time, respectively. Few (71; 5.3%) participants were ≥80% of their total follow-up time viraemic. The odds for having higher viraemic-time were higher among people with a history of injecting drug use (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.30–3.10, p = 0.002), sex workers (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11–4.00, p = 0.02) and patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (vs. atazanavir; aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12–2.10, p = 0.008). Viraemic-time was strongly associated with mortality hazard among those with 50–79% and ≥80% viraemic-time (aHR 2.92, 95% CI 1.21–7.10, p = 0.02 and aHR 2.71, 95% CI 1.22–6.01, p = 0.01). This association was not observed in those with viraemic-time <50%.

Conclusions

Key populations were at risk for having a higher viraemic-time on second-line ART. Viraemic-time predicts clinical outcomes. Differentiated services should target subgroups at risk for a higher viraemic-time to control both HIV transmission and mortality.
Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib for steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised studies
Authors: Zhang Meng-yun , Zhao Peng , Zhang Yan , Wang Ji-shi
Published: July 2022

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for haematological disorders. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a cause of morbidity and mortality is treated with corticosteroids. However, patients with steroid-refractory GVHD after HSCT have a poor prognosis. Ruxolitinib, a selective Janus kinase inhibitor, is a novel treatment strategy for steroid-refractory GVHD.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of ruxolitinib for the treatment of steroid-refractory GVHD and analyse its adverse effects.

Study design

Meta-analysis.

Search methods

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of ruxolitinib-based therapy in patients with steroid-refractory GVHD were found in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science in March 2021. Outcomes included overall response rate, survival, and adverse effects. The Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies (MINORS) and the Cochrane collaboration risk-of-bias tool were used to assess methodological quality. Funnel plots, Egger’s test, and the trim and fill method were used to assess publication bias.

Results

In total, 1470 studies were identified; 19 studies (17 non-RCTs, 2 RCTs) involving 1358 patients met our inclusion criteria. Survival rates at the longest follow-up in non-RCTs, were 57.5% (95% CI 46.9–67.4) and 80.3% (95% CI 69.7–87.9) for acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), respectively. In non-RCTs, the overall response was 74.9% (95% CI 66.6–81.8, I2 = 49%) in aGVHD and 73.1% (95% CI 62.5–81.6, I2 = 49%) in cGVHD. In aGVHD, the response rates were gastrointestinal, 61.4–90.2%; skin, 52.5–80.6%; and liver, 41.8–71.8%. In cGVHD, the response rates were gastrointestinal, 30.1–70.4%; skin, 30.1–84.4%; lung, 27.0–83.0%; and mouth 3.5–98.1%. In addition, a lower aGVHD grade and moderate cGVHD were associated with a better clinical response. Common adverse events were cytopenia and infectious complications.

Conclusions

Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that ruxolitinib therapy could be a potentially effective and safe treatment for patients with steroid-refractory GVHD.
Starch-based NP act as antigen delivery systems without immunomodulating effect
Authors: Fasquelle François , Dubuquoy Laurent , Betbeder Didier
Published: July 2022

The nasal route of immunization has become a real alternative to injections. It is indeed described as more efficient at inducing immune protection, since it initiates both mucosal and systemic immunity, thus protecting against both the infection itself and the transmission of pathogens by the host. However, the use of immunomodulators should be limited since they induce inflammation. Here we investigated in vitro the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of antigen immunogenicity by starch nanoparticles (NPL) delivery systems in H292 epithelial cells, as well as the NPL’s immunomodulatory effect. We observed that NPL had no intrinsic immunomodulatory effect but enhanced the immunogenicity of an E. coli lysate (Ag) merely by increasing its intracellular delivery. Moreover, we demonstrated the importance of the NPL density on their efficiency by comparing reticulated (NPL) and non-reticulated particles (NPL·NR). These results show that an efficient delivery system is sufficient to induce a mucosal immune response without the use of immunomodulators.
Performance and muscle lipogenesis of calves born to Nellore cows with different residual feed intake classification
Authors: Paz Ana Carolina Almeida Rollo de , Ladeira Márcio Machado , Teixeira Priscilla Dutra , Canesin Roberta Carrilho , Batalha Camila Delveaux Araujo , Mercadante Maria Eugênia Zerlotti , Figueiredo Martins Bonilha Sarah
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to evaluate relationships among maternal residual feed intake (RFI) with growth performance and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in offspring of Nellore cattle. Fifty-three cows classified as negative or positive RFI by genomic prediction were exposed to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols at 2 and 3 years of age using semen from the same bull. In the first year, cows gestated under grazing conditions and nursed their calves in the feedlot. In the second year, the opposite occurred. Cows were weighed every 28 days during pregnancy and calves were weighed at birth and every 28 days until weaning. Ultrasound images were collected from the carcass of cows and calves. Muscle gene expression was evaluated in calves at birth and weaning. Data were analyzed by year considering the fixed effects of RFI class and FTAI protocol for variables measured in cows, and RFI class, FTAI protocol and sex for variables measured in calves. There was no effect of maternal RFI on calves performance in the first year. Lower expression of FABP4 gene and trend towards lower expression of SREBF1 and LPL genes were detected in samples collected after birth from calves born to negative RFI cows, indicating that adipogenesis was reduced during the fetal and neonatal period. In the second year, negative RFI cows had greater subcutaneous fat thickness than positive RFI cows, and their calves tended to be heavier at birth and to have less rump fat thickness at weaning. No significant differences in expression of genes studied were detected between cow RFI classes. Nellore cows classified as negative RFI consume less feed and produce calves whose growth potential is similar to that of calves produced by positive RFI cows.
Machine learning-based predictive modeling of depression in hypertensive populations
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Kim Heewon
Published: July 2022

We aimed to develop prediction models for depression among U.S. adults with hypertension using various machine learning (ML) approaches. Moreover, we analyzed the mechanisms of the developed models. This cross-sectional study included 8,628 adults with hypertension (11.3% with depression) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2020). We selected several significant features using feature selection methods to build the models. Data imbalance was managed with random down-sampling. Six different ML classification methods implemented in the R packagecaret—artificial neural network, random forest, AdaBoost, stochastic gradient boosting, XGBoost, and support vector machine—were employed with 10-fold cross-validation for predictions. Model performance was assessed by examining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score. For an interpretable algorithm, we used the variable importance evaluation function incaret. Of all classification models, artificial neural network trained with selected features (n = 30) achieved the highest AUC (0.813) and specificity (0.780) in predicting depression. Support vector machine predicted depression with the highest accuracy (0.771), precision (0.969), sensitivity (0.774), and F1-score (0.860). The most frequent and important features contributing to the models included the ratio of family income to poverty, triglyceride level, white blood cell count, age, sleep disorder status, the presence of arthritis, hemoglobin level, marital status, and education level. In conclusion, ML algorithms performed comparably in predicting depression among hypertensive populations. Furthermore, the developed models shed light on variables’ relative importance, paving the way for further clinical research.
Addressing racism and restoring justice: A theatre and education-based approach to community mental wellness
Authors: Chamblin Michelle , Sarju Shalinie , Wood Laura L. , Uddin-Schmidt Nafeeza
Published: July 2022

This mixed-methods study explored the impact of a theatre-based community mental health and education initiative to address racism. Comparisons were examined between participants who either just saw a musical that centred on the theme of racism, or who saw the same musical and partook in a post-show experiential workshop that used restorative justice practices and drama therapy/applied theatre exercises. The results established that participants who saw the show and attended the post-show workshop (n = 38), in comparison to participants who only saw the show (n = 69), significantly (p = .001) agreed that the combined experience allowed them to reflect on biases and other forms of discrimination. Researchers also discovered that age and gender yielded considerable differences across groups. Additionally, there were five themes that were derived from the applied thematic analysis. Participants reported: (1) increased knowledge; (2) that they felt emotions; (3) that they connected with others; (4) that they experienced personal transformation in the here and now; and (5) that they were inspired to enact change. These qualitative themes supported quantitative analysis, which concluded that, while the theatre experience alone was impactful, the workshop augmented the central message and cultivated participants’ deeper reflections.
Habitar el pasado. Del barrio a las islas residenciales peruanas
Authors: Gamarra Sampén Agustin , Tenorio Pairazamán Rita De Fátima , Carrasco Aparicio Jorge Carlos
Published: July 2022

Habitar el pasado es una metáfora de lo que actualmente significa adquirir una vivienda social en el Perú. Es un concepto que hace referencia a “Herramientas para Habitar el presente. Vivienda en España: sociedad, ciudad, tecnología y recursos”, una publicación dirigida por Zaida Muxi y Josep María Montaner. La presente investigación reinterpreta las técnicas y metodología utilizadas en dicho modelo, para adaptarlas a la realidad problemática de la vivienda social, específicamente en Chiclayo, ciudad ubicada estratégicamente como punto de intercambio comercial del eje nororiental del país. Para esto, se seleccionaron cuatro proyectos del siglo XX, construidos por el Estado entre los años sesenta y ochenta, y otros cuatro del siglo XXI, construidos por empresas constructoras inmobiliarias a quienes el Estado escoge para formar parte de los programas “Mi Vivienda” y “Mi Vivienda Verde”. Sobre estos proyectos se realizaron los respectivos estudios de campo para indagar, contrastar y obtener resultados sobre los puntos analizados: tipología, sociedad, ciudad y sostenibilidad. Los resultados evidencian que el sistema de financiamiento aplicado por el Estado roza los límites de la exclusión, discriminación y endeudamiento para los diferentes tipos de familias en el país, considerándose insostenible en el tiempo.
Social Exchange Approach and Happiness at Work: Exploring the Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment
Authors: García-Contreras Rigoberto , Muñoz-Chávez J. Patricia , Pineda-Celaya Lourdes C. , Rodríguez-Morales Julia I.
Published: July 2022

This article aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of social exchange relationships Leader Member Exchange and Team Member Exchange (LMX and TMX) on organizational commitment and happiness at work. Based on the literature review and relying on the Social Exchange Theory perspective, the authors constructed the hypothetical structure, including the four variables under study. The sample comprised 177 employees from Mexican firms, and the proposed hypotheses were under examination through a path analysis. Results show that LMX, TMX, and happiness at work have a direct effect on organizational commitment. We also found an organizational commitment to be a partial relationship mediator between LMX and happiness at work.
¿Entre héroes y deidades? Actos de sacrificio de la Edad del Hierro grabados en la Roca 6 del Monte de Porreiras (Noroeste de Portugal)
Authors: Coutinho Luis , M. S. Bettencourt Ana , A. S. Sampaio Hugo , Henriques Renato
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es publicar los grabados rupestres del Monte das Porreira 6, situado en Paredes de Coura, en el no de Portugal. El estudio se ha basado en un levantamiento fotogramétrico y el posterior contraste con la determinación de la distancia geométrica.
Se trata de una roca profusamente decorada con una larga diacronía de grabados. La fase inicial incluye el arte atlántico clásico, integrado en el Calcolítico Reciente. La segunda fase incluye la representación de équidos, jinetes y puñales con mango de antenas. Basándose en los paralelos de dichas armas, es posible integrar estos motivos entre la Edad de Bronce Final y la Edad de Hierro Inicial.
También es posible observar el paso de una gramática abstracta, durante la primera fase, a una gramática figurativa, en la que se puede identificar una narrativa relacionada con los sacrificios humanos y de animales, asociada al uso de puñales con mango de antenas. Estas representaciones evocan un simbolismo que recuerda a los textos de Estrabón y objetos de bronce que contienen escenas de sacrificio. La última fase del grabado indica nuevos cambios simbólicos, con la valorización de acciones aisladas perpetradas por un jinete, portando un arma arrojadiza, que pueden representar a una divinidad o a un héroe.
A review of Modelling approaches for Ecological Risk Assessment of Pesticides
Authors: LARRAS Floriane , CHARLES Sandrine , CHAUMOT Arnaud , PELOSI Céline , LE GALL Morgane , MAMY Laure , BEAUDOUIN Rémy
Published: July 2022

A wide diversity of plant protection products (PPP) is used for crop protection leading to the contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have ecotoxicological impacts on living organisms. It is inconceivable to study the effects of each compound on each species from each compartment, experimental studies being time consuming and cost prohibitive, and animal testing having to be avoided. Therefore, numerous models are developed to assess PPP ecotoxicological effects. Our objective was to provide an overview of the modeling approaches enabling the assessment of PPP effects (including biopesticides) on the biota. Six categories ofmodels were inventoried: (Q)SAR, DR and TKTD, population, multi-species, landscape, and mixture models. They were developed for various species (terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, primary producers, micro-organisms) belonging to diverse environmental compartments, to address different goals (e.g., species sensitivity or PPP bioaccumulation assessment, ecosystem services protection). Among them, mechanistic models are increasingly recognized by EFSA for PPP regulatory risk assessment but, to date, remain not considered in notified guidance documents. The strengths and limits of the reviewed models are discussed together with improvement avenues (multigenerational effects, multiple biotic and abiotic stressors). This review also underlines a lack of model testing by means of field data and of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Accurate and robust modeling of PPP effects and other stressors on living organisms, from their application in the field to their functional consequences on the ecosystems at different scales of time and space, would help going toward a more sustainable management of the environment.
Defensa y protección de la honra femenina a finales del virreinato novohispano: dos instituciones de caridad
Authors: Hernández-Torres Yolopattli
Published: July 2022

Este ensayo analiza cómo la práctica de la sexualidad extramatrimonial fue determinante para crear instituciones que protegieran la honra femenina como la Casa de Niños Expósitos o la Sala de Partos Ocultos en la Ciudad de México. Estas instituciones resguardaban, más que a las mujeres, a la sociedad de atestiguar actitudes consideradas indeseables. Ambos lugares encarnan la alianza de sistemas religiosos, legales y médicos que ocultaban el resultado de prácticas sexuales furtivas. Este artículo contrasta los libros de estas instituciones con querellas donde las mujeres filtraban sus voces a través del escribano y los recados dejados con los niños expósitos.
Sobre un desfamiliarizado juego cubano: cine deportivo e infelicidadqueerenLa partida(2013)
Authors: Isea Antonio
Published: July 2022

La partida, segundo largometraje del cineasta español Antonio Hens, ofrece un relato que aúna fútbol y deseo erótico entre atletas varones en la Cuba del siglo xxi. En una nación que presume de ser beisbolera y extremadamente heteropatriarcal, este filme es una producción cultural que destacó por romper con la ortodoxia del cine deportivo cubano. Este trabajo analiza la identidad de género textual (genre) en La partida y sugiere que este rasgo del filme consigue crear una obra reivindicadora de lo que Sara Ahmed y Heather Love, respectivamente, han llamado infelicidad queer.
Transcrição e anotação de dados linguísticos usando as ferramentas ELAN e LancsBox
Authors: Sousa Marta Deysiane Alves Faria , Souza Victor Renê Andrade
Published: July 2022

Objetiva-se com este trabalho demonstrar como as ferramentas de transcrição de dados ELAN 5.9 (2020) e de análise de corpora LancsBox 5.1.2 (BREZINA; WEILL-TESSIER; MCENERY, 2020) têm contribuído para a transcrição de entrevistas sociolinguísticas realizadas no escopo do Grupo de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Sociedade (GELINS) da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, bem como para extração automatizada de fenômenos linguísticos variáveis. Para tanto, apresenta-se as normas pelas quais as entrevistas são transcritas, formas de utilizar o ELAN 5.9 (2020) para transcrição, e por fim, a maneira de fazer a etiquetagem morfológica dos dados e buscas por fenômenos variáveis nos dados de fala utilizando-se a ferramenta LancsBox 5.1.2 (BREZINA; WEILL-TESSIER; MCENERY, 2020). As duas ferramentas têm se mostrado eficientes para uma transcrição alinhada com áudio, para anotação morfológica e buscas automáticas em grandes volumes de textos orais.  Este texto contribui para exploração de ferramentas que permitam uma transcrição mais rápida e acurada de dados orais bem como buscas mais automatizadas de grandes volumes de dados.
Origem, difusão e estabilidade da gramática tradicional
Authors: Batista Lucielma de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Resenha da obra "A gramática tradicional: história crítica", de autoria do pesquisador e professor Francisco Eduardo Vieira, publicada pela Parábola Editorial, no ano de 2018.
América Latina
Authors: Santos Liviane Nascimento dos , Matos Doris Cristina Vicente da Silva
Published: July 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como são representadas as identidades sociais e os grupos sociais latino-americanos nos projetos sugeridos pelos nove livros didáticos das três coleções aprovadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2018 (Cercanía Joven, Sentidos en lengua española e Confluencia). A pesquisa está inserida no campo teórico da Linguística Aplicada, partindo das categorias epistemológicas da decolonialidade e da interculturalidade. A metodologia seguida é de natureza qualitativa e documental por método descritivo e interpretativista. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que os projetos das coleções analisadas contribuem positivamente com a construção de identidades latino-americanas não marginalizadas, pois permitem observar a existência de trabalhos voltados para a uma visão decolonial e intercultural, além disso, sugerem que os próprios materiais didáticos promovam reflexões e debates acerca da luta conta as desigualdades e a favor das diferenças, como pretendem os estudos em Linguística Aplicada na contemporaneidade.
Aula de português
Authors: Araújo Andreana Carvalho de Barros
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho busca apresentar algumas discussões acerca da relação entre língua e gramática e seu ensino nas aulas de língua materna. Tem-se como objetivo apresentar formas de trabalhar conteúdos gramaticais, abordando um ensino reflexivo. Considera-se a capacidade dos estudantes de refletir sobre o funcionamento da língua, buscando apresentar alternativas para explorar a atividade de linguagem em sala de aula. Autores como Antunes (2003), Bagno (2002) e Travaglia (2006), Franchi (1991) nos auxiliam na discussão sobre o ensino de língua materna. Na perspectiva enunciativa, o estudo da atividade de linguagem é um conceito básico da Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas (TOPE) e será embasado por Culioli (1990), Romero (2019), Rezende (2011). Estes autores veem a linguagem como uma atividade criativa de construção de experiências e que se deve, portanto, buscar desenvolver, em sala de aula, métodos eficientes de exploração da língua sem se deter em elementos classificatórios e regras normativas. Parte-se de uma atividade tradicional realizada em sala de aula e, em seguida, propõe-se formas de trabalhar o mesmo conteúdo proposto na atividade, porém tendo como suporte os autores supracitados. Esse tipo de atividade resulta em um aluno muito mais independente que manipula a língua sem se preocupar em aprender classificações e, em resposta, há um nível de compreensão muito maior bem como um rendimento interessante em termos de participação, aprendizagem e produção.
Mapping of an occupation
Authors: Derman Ozge
Published: July 2022

This paper offers a sociological analysis of a performative experience of mapping in New York's Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement in 2011. It delineates the transformation of the declaration of the OWS into a graphically rendered "list of grievances" by the artist Rachel Schragis through a participatory process in the occupied space of Zuccotti Park. Drawing on the continuous transition between the ideas, the three-dimensional lived space, and the two-dimensional flat surface of graphical cartography, it demonstrates the ways in which the collective-performative map-making embodied and transcribed the interconnection between the perceived, conceived, and lived space-time(s) (Lefebvre 1974, Harvey 2006) within the occupied space of the OWS.
Destapume-se! Ou dança de explosivos
Authors: Carvalhedo Ierê Fraga , Dodecafônico Coletivo Teatro
Published: July 2022

Destapume-se! ou dança de explosivos é uma vídeo-performance criada a partir de uma intervenção urbana realizada na Avenida Paulista, em São Paulo. Em frente aos tapumes da obra de um grande shopping center, pessoas caminham em diferentes ritmos. Batem com seus corpos nos tapumes. Um confronto direto à tentativa de apagar ou esconder. Tapume como dispositivo da especulação X tapume como dispositivo de jogo.
Ficha Técnica:
Performers: Beatriz Barjud, Beatriz Cruz, Caio Zanuto, Fernanda Toscano, Hideo Kushiyama, Juliana Rodrigues, Luisa Hokema, Monica Lopes, Pedro Galiza, Ricardo Silva
Câmeras: Luiza Fagá, Marina Hungria, Ierê Papá
Montagem: Ierê Papá
Finalização: Marina Hungria
Implicação socioambiental do agronegócio no Brasil
Authors: Farias Cavalcanti Natália Thaynã , Rodrigues Gilberto Gonçalves
Published: July 2022

O agronegócio se apresenta em pleno desenvolvimento no Brasil, ocupando posição de destaque na produção e exportação de produtos agrícolas, como implicação o país ocupa, há mais de uma década, o primeiro lugar em consumo de agrotóxico. O modelo de agricultura praticado de forma predatória tem impactos adversos sobre o meio ambiente e na saúde humana, ocasionando contaminação do solo e da água, perda da biodiversidade, intoxicações e mortes. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir as principais questões da expansão do agronegócio no Brasil e os seus impactos socioambientais. Por outro lado, a agroecologia se apresenta como possibilidade de mudança de paradigma desse modelo de produção agrícola praticado. Essa breve revisão oferece considerações que contextualizam a necessidade de integração do crescimento econômico com a promoção do desenvolvimento social e ambiental, no tocante ao agronegócio brasileiro, sendo dever do Estado efetivar ações que conciliem essas dimensões.
Agricultura familiar camponesa
Authors: Coelho Borges Anderson , Theóphilo Folhes Ricardo
Published: July 2022

Agricultores familiares camponeses buscam solucionar seus problemas produtivos e reprodutivos por meio da produção rural extrativa, agrícola e não agrícola. Objetiva-se analisar o processo de tomada de decisão da família camponesa em buscar ou não o trabalho não agrícola. Para isso, por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, lançou-se mão de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para a análise do fenômeno da pluriatividade na comunidade de Terra de Areia, município de Mojuí dos Campos, na região do Baixo Amazonas paraense. Á luz da teoria do investimento camponês identificou-se um padrão entre as famílias camponesas que acionam atividades não agrícolas. Estas possuem restrição de terra, trabalho ou ambos.
Percepciones de los emprendedores sobre la calidad del servicio de Punto De Retiro (PDR)
Authors: Corbalan Parada Victoria Agostina , Koch Emiliano , Cuozzo Mauricio
Published: July 2022

Este informe trata sobre la percepción de los emprendedores respecto de la calidad del servicio de la empresa «Punto de retiro (PDR)». El presente trabajo tiene un enfoque mixto, bajo un diseño explicativo secuencial (DEXPLIS) con el fin de obtener una perspectiva más amplia y profunda del fenómeno. Se utiliza la herramienta SERVPERF que mide la calidad del servicio, mediante las percepciones de los clientes, en base a cincodimensiones. Como instrumento de recolección de datos empleado para el enfoque cuantitativo se recurrió a la aplicación de una encuesta dirigida a los emprendedores que contratan el servicio de PDR y a los dueños de la empresa. También se toma el enfoque cualitativo con el propósito de examinar la forma en que los emprendedores y los dueños perciben y experimentan el fenómeno bajo estudio, se recolectanestos datos mediante entrevista y focus group, para así poder auxiliar la interpretación y explicación de los descubrimientos cuantitativos iniciales y la relación que existe entre ellos.Los resultados esperados pretenden comparar las perspectivas de los emprendedores y los dueños con el fin de entender los aspectos a mejorar en la calidad del servicio de PDR.
Penyebab dan Resiko Stunting: Implikasi Terhadap Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Darnis Syefriani
Published: July 2022

Stunting is caused by multidimensional factors and not only caused by malnutrition experienced by pregnant women and children under five years. This research is library research. The results of the study stated that the stunting problem occurs starting from the womb and will be seen when the child reaches the age of two years, some of the effects of stunting can be seen, among others, impaired child height and weight growth, child growth and development is not optimal, does not have a good effect. on children's intelligence and learning abilities, and children are susceptible to disease. The most decisive intervention to reduce the prevalence of stunting, therefore, needs to be carried out in the first 1,000 days of a toddler's life, including good nutrition for pregnant women which of course is also needed by the baby in the womb, healthy food intake and nutrition as a complementary food for breast milk for children - children (make sure children get good nutrition, especially during pregnancy until the age of 1000 children), maintain a clean environment and most importantly provide awareness to parents, especially mothers to have the knowledge and apply good parenting for children.
Noise Reduction in the Cab of a Special Vehicle
Authors: Stodola Jiří , Stodola Petr
Published: July 2022

Noise is highly associated with adverse effects on health, the human psyche and performance. Current special vehicles do not possess sufficient technologies to suppress the transmission of noise or vibration, which typically results in loss of control, comfort, driving safety, the performance of tasks, etc. At the same time, noise reduces attention and work efficiency while increasing fatigue, leading to hazards, dangerous situations, and missions that may not be completed. This article briefly presents selected parts of a project which included additional soundproofing of a special armoured mobile vehicle on a TATRA wheeled chassis. Basic theoretical, experimental, and practical information about this project is presented. To reduce noise, a selected damping material was used, which is a combination of recycled PUR foam and black rubber with a rough structure. The damping material was selected based on repeated experimental testing of sound absorption measurements from several damping materials. The material was chosen for suitable damping effects and corresponding technological properties (resistance to high temperatures, non-flammability, etc.). In the engine compartment and the cab of the vehicle, the damping properties were experimentally verified after retrofitting, while the noise was significantly reduced.
A Distance Vector Hop and Differential Evolution based Interception Strategy for detecting Cross Border Infiltration in Underground Tunnel
Authors: Venkatesh S. , Bhalaji N.
Published: July 2022

Securing the external border of a nation through potential surveillance is considered to be highly essential for safeguarding them from terrorists and other national armies that intentionally try to conquer regions. The infiltration of trespassers and terrorists into a territory is considered to greatly influence the harmony and peace of a nation. In this context, conventional border surveillance systems safeguard the border regions based on the pre-determined routes at various time intervals. However, the intensive involvement of human in patrolling is determined as the major challenge in the process of safeguarding longer border areas. Moreover, detecting the infiltration of terrorists through the underground tunnel is considered to be the other challenge. At this juncture, wireless sensor networks are considered to be the best suitable candidate for safeguarding the external borders through real-time monitoring to attain maximized accuracy, efficiency in the detection and least human intervention. In this paper, Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) and Differential Evolution (DE)-based Interception Strategy (DV-Hop-DE-IS) is proposed for accurate detection of cross border infiltration in the underground tunnel. This proposed DV-Hop-DE-IS includes the merits of converting the discrete values of hop count into a highly accurate continuous value depending on the information received from the number of shared one-hop nodes that exists between neighbouring nodes. This problem of intruder detection is formulated as the minimum optimization problem that could be optimally solved through the utilization of the Differential Evolution algorithm with maximized efficiency. The simulation results of the DV-Hop-DE-IS confirmed better detection rate, accuracy with a reduced false positive rate compared to the benchmarked intruder detection approaches.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Potentiometric Sensor for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Nerve Agent Simulant Parathion
Authors: Yağmuroğlu Ozan
Published: July 2022

In this study, a potentiometric sensor was developed for the analysis of the parahtion which is a nerve agent simulant and pesticide. A molecularly imprinted polymer was used as the recognition layer in the electrode used in the potentiometric sensor. Parathion is also used as both an organophosphorus pesticide and a nerve agent simulant. For this reason, analysis methods to be developed for parathion are very important. The most important advantages brought by MIP-based sensor systems are; fast analysis, sensitive analysis, and the ability to analyze at very low concentrations. The sensor developed in our study was validated for parathion adsorption. In our study, first, Parathion imprinted polymers were synthesized. The synthesized MIPs are used as the recognition layer in the potentiometric sensor. The characterization of parathion imprinted polymers was done by FESEM, FT-IR, and zeta-sizer measurements. Optimization of the working conditions was carried out for the developed sensor system. The working pH was found to be 7.4.Measurements were taken for parathion samples with different concentrations under optimum operating conditions. When the results obtained were examined, a large linear range (10-8-10-4 mol L-1) and a satisfying detection limit against parathion (1.86 × 10-8 mol L-1) were calculated. Interference effect analysis was carried out within the scope of the performance tests of the potentiometric sensor. The analysis showed that interference did not affect the experimental results. In order to examine the matrix effect of the real sample environment, analyses were carried out in tap water and lake water. The recovery values in the analysis results are quite good. The results of the experiments show that the sensor we have developed can be used successfully in complex matrix environments.
Camouflage Assessment of Aluminium Coated Textiles for Woodland and Desertland Combat Background in Visible and Infrared Spectrum under UV Vis IR Background Illumination
Authors: Hossain Md. Anowar
Published: July 2022

Aluminium powder (AP) formulated polyamide 6, 6 (PA 6, 6), cotton fabric and hollow tubular polyester beg (HTPB) were experimented for spectral, chromatic and imaging principle of woodland and desertland camouflage textiles in visible (Vis) and infrared (IR) spectrum under three-dimensional background illumination of ultraviolet (UV)-Vis-IR for concealment and detection of target signature, AP formulated fabric practiced by defense professional. Cotton and polyamide 6, 6 fabric, HTPB were coated and padded with AP powder formulated polyurethane (PU) based binder. Reflection profile of woodland combat background (CB) and coated-padded textiles have been depicted in terms of multidimensional illumination properties of Vis imaging such as chromatic intensity, spectral reflection, Kubelka-Munk (K-M) reflectance, color rendering and photonic response. A symmetrical chromatic value (L*, a*, b*) of AP coated fabric has been portrayed for concealment of target signature against woodland CB. Spectral reflection, chromatic illumination, K-M reflectance and scanning electron microscopy have also been critically confirmed five-time durability of color fastness to wash, tested by AATCC method 61-2013. HTPB-phase change material (PCM) formulation has been found temperature controllable effect of target object (TOB) in terms of heat energy at limited temperature, 30°C. Heat energy versus target concealment of IR imaging principle can be implemented for high-performance camouflage textiles design. The reflection profile of AP coated fabric can be applied for multidimensional camouflage coloration/patterning/HTPB-PCM based IR camouflage technology and direct applications of defence pavilion/tents/clothing against woodland/desertland CB. Therefore, the key phenomenon of this article has been focused on remote sensing properties of eucalyptus tree, scientific name, Eucalyptus Mannifera, a common CB of woodland and AP formulated fabric for defence application against woodland and desertland CB in terms of concealment of defence surveillance under consideration of laboratory and field trialling of woodland and desertland camouflage textiles assessment in Vis-IR spectrum. Therefore, a standardised methodology of camouflage textiles assessment for CDRI has been established under a new technique with conformist machine and technology which may be a new contribution to carry out further research and development for the fighting protection in combat environment under maintaining a standardized sequence from laboratory trialling to field experimentation in a limited timeframe of research.
Response of a Thin Flat Scored Metallic Disc Under Pressure Impulse
Authors: Gopinath K. , Narayanamurthy V. , Rao Y.V.D.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the large deformation, and failure response of a thin flat scored metallic disc (FSMD) subjected to a pressure impulse as experienced in a break-away disc or an explosion vent. The response of this thin FSMD is numerically simulated for a loading rate and validated with an experiment, where a good agreement is found on plastic strains, burst pressure, and deformation pattern. The loading rate and several geometric parameters of FSMD significantly influence its response. Therefore, the influence of loading rate ( P& ), score depth and width-todisc thickness ratio (t 1 /t and b/t), diameter-to-disc thickness ratio (D/t), score length-to-disc radius ratio (l/R), score pattern, and score geometry on the deformation and failure response of the thin FSMD is thoroughly investigated. The studies demonstrate that 1) the failure initiation point shifts from disc centre to between 1/5th and 1/3rd radius for loading rates ≤ 25 MPa/s; 2) the responses such as burst pressure, burst time, central deflection, and equivalent strain are i) sensitive to the loading rates up to 100 MPa/s, ii) sensitive to score’s depth, only up to 0.6t and insensitive to score’s width, iii) significantly unaffected for the number of scores N > 8, iv) stabilised for l/R > 0.5 and D/t > 250, v) almost the same for semi-circular, rectangular and triangular score geometries, and vi) very minimal for the number of scores N = 3; and 3) the failure do not initiate and propagate along all scores for N > 4 in the disc.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS CONDITIONS FOR SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS IN THE CLASSES OF LEBESGUE FUNCTIONS ANTIDERIVATIVES ON A SIMPLE SMOOTH CURVE
Authors:   South Ural State University, Dilman V.L. , Komissarova D.A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: July 2022

The article describes linear functional equations on simple smooth curves with a shift function and fixed points only at the ends of the curve. The case when the shift function has a nonzero derivative satisfying the Hölder condition is considered. The objective of the article is to find the conditions of the existence and uniqueness of such equations solution in the classes of Lebesgue functions antiderivatives with a coefficient and the right-hand part belonging to the same classes. These conditions depend on the values of the equation coefficient at the ends of the curve. It is shown that if the coefficient and the right-hand side of a functional equation belong to the class of Lebesgue functions antiderivatives, then its solution also belongs to this class. The indicators of Hölder and of classes of Lebesgue functions antiderivatives are determined for the solutions. The research method is based on F. Riesz’s criterion of a function’s belonging to the class of antiderivatives of Lebesgue integrable functions. The possibilities of applying linear functional equations for studying and solving singular integral equations with logarithmic singularities are shown.
Analysis of Wake Turbulence for a Savonius Turbine for Malaysia’s Slow-Moving Current Flow
Authors: Rahman Anas Abdul , Rajendran Kumaran , Abdul-Rahman Ayu , Suhri Gisrina Elin , Dass Lakshuman
Published: July 2022

With Malaysia being surrounded by water bodies, tidal energy could be used for energy extraction. While several turbine designs and technologies have been used for tidal energy extraction, information on the use of vertical-axis tidal turbines (VATTs) for shallow-water applications is scarce. However, implementing horizontal-axis tidal turbines (HATTs) is not feasible due to Malaysian ocean depths. Hence, examining the wake-flow characteristics of VATTs in a shallow water-working environment in Malaysia is essential. The wake turbulence of the Savonius turbine model was compared with that of a hypothetical ‘actuator' cylinder, a VATT representation. Subsequently, the wake turbulences of a Savonius turbine model in static and dynamic simulations were compared to understand the flow distinction. Compared with that exhibited by the hypothetical actuator cylinder of 2.5 m, the hypothetical actuator cylinder of 5 m exhibits greater velocity deceleration. Additionally, the modelled Savonius turbine exhibits significantly more deceleration than that exhibited by the hypothetical actuator cylinder. Finally, the analysis of the static model of the Savonius turbine shows deceleration that is greater than that of the dynamic model.
Influence of the Field of View on Shear Wave Velocity Estimation
Authors: Grube Sarah , Neidhardt Maximilian , Latus Sarah , Schlaefer Alexander
Published: July 2022

Tissue elasticity contains important information for physicians in diagnosis and treatment, and, e.g., can help in tumor detection because tumors are stiffer than healthy tissue. Ultrasound shear wave elastography imaging (US-SWEI) can be used to estimate tissue stiffness by measuring the velocity of induced shear waves. Commonly, a linear US probe is used to track shear waves at a high imaging frequency in 2D. Realtime US-SWEI is limited by the required time for data processing. Hence, reducing the imaging field of view (FOV) is beneficial as it decreases the size of the acquired data and thereby the acquisition, transfer and processing time. However, a decrease in the FOV has the disadvantage that shear waves are tracked over a smaller distance and thus, also fewer sampling points are available for velocity estimation. This trade-off between a smaller FOV and thus, a smaller data size, and the accuracy of shear wave velocity estimation is investigated in this work. For this purpose, shear waves were tracked with a linear US probe in gelatin phantoms with four different stiffness values. During data processing, we reduced the FOV virtually from 38.1mm to 2.1mm. It was found that a reduction of the FOV to 4.5mm leads to an overestimation of up to five times larger shear wave velocities but still allows to distinguish between phantoms of different stiffness. However, not all estimated velocity values could be clearly assigned to the correct stiffness value. The smallest studied FOV of 2.1mm was not sufficient for distinguishing between the phantoms anymore.
Robotic Sensorized Gastroendoscopy with Wireless Single-Hand Control
Authors: García Gabriela , Fischer Nikola , Marzi Christian , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska
Published: July 2022

The manipulation of flexible endoscopes is a procedure that requires great dexterity since it requires the synchronization and use of both hands in parallel. Imprecise handling during gastroendoscopy could harm the digestive tract. Our solution allows the physician to use only one hand to wirelessly control the forward, backward, and tip bending motion. The proposed system provides endoscopic vision and tactile impact force sensing at the tip to detect the force applied to tissue and thus avoid damage. We experimentally evaluate the handling of the robotic system in open space and inside a medical phantom. The results revealed a training effect with less time demand for task completion and reduction of average impact force after only 5 runs. The proposed system was successfully controlled using one hand and, together with the force information, could enhance the physician’s experience during endoscopy. Future work will address axial control and an intensive user study with clinical experts.
Hybrid Offspring of C57BL/6J Mice Exhibit Improved Properties for Neurobehavioral Research
Authors: Sloin Hadas E. , Bikovski Lior , Levi Amir , Amber-Vitos Ortal , Katz Tomer , Spivak Lidor , Someck Shirly , Gattegno Roni , Sivroni Shir , Sjulson Lucas , Stark Eran
Published: July 2022

C57BL/6 is the most commonly used mouse strain in neurobehavioral research, serving as a background for multiple transgenic lines. However, C57BL/6 exhibit behavioral and sensorimotor disadvantages that worsen with age. We bred FVB/NJ females and C57BL/6J males to generate first-generation hybrid offspring (FVB/NJ x C57BL/6J)F1. The hybrid mice exhibit reduced anxiety-like behavior, improved learning, and enhanced long-term spatial memory. In contrast to both progenitors, hybrids maintain sensorimotor performance upon aging and exhibit improved long-term memory. The hybrids are larger than C57BL/6J, exhibiting enhanced running behavior on a linear track during freely-moving electrophysiological recordings. Hybrids exhibit typical rate and phase coding of space by CA1 pyramidal cells. Hybrids generated by crossing FVB/NJ females with transgenic males of a C57BL/6 background support optogenetic neuronal control in neocortex and hippocampus. The hybrid mice provide an improved model for neurobehavioral studies combining complex behavior, electrophysiology, and genetic tools readily available in C57BL/6 mice.
CUREs
Authors: Bucklin Carrie Jo , Mauger Laurie
Published: July 2022

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are one way instructors can increase engagement and learning of material. One of the goals in the report Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education: A Call to Action is to increase active learning activities. By implementing a CURE or CURE-type model, instructors provide students with the opportunity to develop a better understanding of science content, to apply what they have learned, and make an impact in real-world science. Our classes replicated a subset of the work being completed in Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique. We had students complete biodiversity surveys through collection and classification of ant species using field and lab techniques. DNA barcoding analyses are commonly used techniques in biology labs worldwide. Polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing will be taught to illustrate how the extracted DNA can be amplified at different markers and used to identify species. We utilized the CURE model to have students complete a biodiversity survey of both a southern intermountain-west and a southeastern state through collection, classification, and genotyping and barcoding of ant species.