bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klasik Hipertrofi İle Kan Akışı Sınırlandırılarak Yapılan Antrenmanların Kas Kuvveti Ve Kalınlığı Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKKOÇ Orkun , GÖZÜBÜYÜK Ömer Batın
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kan
akışı sınırlandırılarak yapılan düşük şiddette kuvvet egzersizleri ve orta
şiddetteki kuvvet egzersizlerinin kas kuvveti ve kas kalınlığına etkisini
araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya 22 denek katılmıştır. Deneklerin 11’i kan akışı
sınırlandırarak (KAS), 11’i klasik hipertrofi (KH) antrenmanı yapmıştır. 8
hafta uygulanan kuvvet egzersizlerinden önce ve sonra deneklerin biseps braki
kas kuvveti ve biseps braki kas kalınlığı ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların
sonuçlarını değerlendirmek için Wilcoxon ve Man Whitney U testi kullanılmış,
anlamlılık p<0,05 kabul edilmiştir. 8 hafta uygulanan kuvvet antrenmanı
sonunda kas kuvveti ve kas kalınlığı her iki grupta da artmış (p<0,05),
ayrıca kuvvet ve kalınlık bakımından gruplar arası fark bulunamamıştır
(p>0,05). Kan akışı sınırlandırılarak yapılan düşük şiddetteki kuvvet
antrenmanı (KAS), kuvveti ve kalınlığını arttırmıştır. KAS antrenmanı klasik
hipertrofi (KH) antrenmanı ile benzer sonuçlar vermiştir ve hipertrofi
antrenmanına alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.
Trabalho e trabalhadores mais próximos ao sol
Authors: Dos Santos Kauan Willian
Published: January 2020

Resenha da obra: OLIVEIRA, Tiago Bernardon de. Trabalho e trabalhadores no Nordeste – Análises e perspectivas de Pesquisas Históricas em Alagoas, Pernambuco e Paraíba. Campina Grande: Eduespb, 2015. 440 p.
Aile Üyelerinin Aile İletişim Kalıpları Algıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ömer
Published: January 2020

Aile iletişimi açıkça farkedilebilir kalıplar ve formlarla karakterize edilir. Aileleri
birbirinden ayıran ve iletişimsel davranışlarla ilişkilendirilen iki temel boyut, diyalog
yönelimi ve uyum yönelimidir. Diyalog yönelimi, tüm aile üyelerinin çok çeşitli konular
hakkında sınırsız etkileşimlere katılmaya teşvik edildiği bir iklim yaratma derecesi
olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Uyum yönelimi ise, aile iletişiminin tutum, değer ve inançların
homojenliği iklimini ne derece vurguladığını ifade eder. Bu kapsamda, yapılan çalışmada
Ritchie ve Fitzpatrick’in (1990) Gözden Geçirilmiş Aile İletişimi Kalıpları Ölçeği
kullanılarak üç temel konu incelenmiştir: ilk olarak, aile üyelerinin diyalog yönelimi ve
uyum yönelimi boyutlarını, algılamaları arasındaki ilişki; ikincisi, ebeveynlerin köken
aileleri ve şimdiki aile iletişim şekilleri algısı arasındaki ilişki; üçüncü olarak köken aile
türlerinin mevcut aile türlerine nasıl yansıdığı. Çalışmanın verileri anket uygulaması ile
toplanmış olup, 2018-2019 yılları arasında 176 aileden toplam 704 katılımcı çalışmaya
katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada aile üyelerinin iki boyutu (diyalog yönelimi ve uyum yönelimi)
algıları arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu ve aynı zamanda aile üyeleri, farklı aile türlerini
benzer şekilde tanımladıkları ve son olarak, çiftler benzer bir aile tipinden geliyorsa,
mevcut aile tiplerinin büyük ölçüde aynı şekilde muhafaza edildiği bulunmuştur. Elde
edilen sonuçlar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde çocukluk dönemi iletişim kalıplarının
ilerleyen yaş dönemlerine aktarıldığı görülmektedir.
Yeni Dönem Alman Gerçekçi Televizyon Dramalarında Postmodern Ögeler
Authors: GÜRKAN Hasan , DOĞAN Betül
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma, “Yeni Dönem Alman Gerçekçiliği” ana başlığı çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır.
Bu kapsamda, çalışmada, Dark (2017), Dogs of Berlin (2018) ve Perfume (2018) dizileri
niteliksel içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmekte ve bu dizilerin postmodernist ögelerle
olan ilişkisi tartışılmaktadır. Bu dizilerde günümüze kadar iktidar, güç temsili, sağduyulu
ve iyi görülen kanun insanı profili incelemelerine yer verilmektedir. Bu dizilerin
incelenmesindeki en önemli faktör üçünün aynı platform üzerinden yayınlanmaları,
birbirlerine yakın tarihli yapımlar olmaları, aynı türde olmaları (polisiye-suç) ve her
birinde kanun insanı karakterinin yer almasıdır. Çalışmanın amacı; yeni dönem Alman
dramalarında kanun insanlarının bu dizilerin olay örgüsünde önemli roller aldığı ve
yakın zamana kadar kabul gören kanun insanı profilinin bu yapımlarda nasıl değişime
uğradığının incelenmesidir. İncelenen dizilerde kanun insanları, kişi-karakter yansıması
çerçevesinde incelenmekte ve geçmiş dönemdeki kanun insanı profilleri ile benzerlikleri/
farklılıkları tartışılmaktadır. Bu incelemeler sonucu söz konusu dizilerde postmodern
kişi-karakter yansıması olarak bakıldığında “kanun insanı profili”nin ana akımda yer alan;
kabul görmüş şeklinden farklı kodlandığı görülmektedir. Kanun insanları “güç temsili,
sağduyulu, iyi insan” kavramlarından çok “aldığı kararlarda duygularının önemli rol
taşıdığı, suç işleyen ve çıkarcı” gibi durumları da kapsayacak şekilde yeniden şekillendiği
görülmektedir.
A marcha do mal (ou a pequenina)
Authors: Klevanskis Juliano
Published: January 2020

A marcha do mal (ou a pequenina)
Coração e museu
Authors: Lopes Luiz
Published: January 2020

Resenha: AMICHAI, Yehuda. Terra e paz: antologia poética. Organização e tradução: Moacir Amâncio. Rio de Janeiro: Bazar do Tempo, 2018. 183p.
Entre memória coletiva e trauma pessoal em Diário da queda, de Michel Laub
Authors: Sinay Isadora
Published: January 2020

Este artigo trata do romance Diário da queda, publicado por Michel Laub em 2011. Trata-se de um livro que se colocou como um marco da literatura brasileira contemporânea por conta de sua complexidade narrativa e, também, pela forma inovadora com que enfocou a memória, a infância e a Shoah.
Informed & Educated
Authors: McMahon Daithí
Published: January 2020

Using the Irish Radio Industry as a case study, this chapter illustrates how the Public Service Broadcaster (PSB), Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), was slow to react to change and the effect this had on the organisation’s competitiveness. This chapter analyses how RTÉ’s youth radio station, RTÉ 2fm, lost its place as the market leader to the competition including commercial station Beat and other stations as it resisted the required technological, social and economic change which ultimately affected its listenership. The author argues that the independent sector led the way in innovation and affected change which greatly benefited the industry as a whole and brought it into the digital age. This research was based on a methodology involving in-depth interviews, online surveys, textual analysis, direct observation and a longitudinal content analysis.
COMPARATIVE MAXIMUM POWER DENSITY ANALYSIS OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON POWER CYCLE
Authors: KARAKURT Asım Sinan
Published: January 2020

The supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) power cycle has been taking into account as one of the most effective alternatives for energy conversion because of its higher efficiency and smaller compressor and turbine sizes for many years. A plenty number of parametric and experimental studies for the different type of s-CO2 cycles have been accomplished in the literature. In this paper, a performance analysis based on a power density criterion has been carried out for a simple s-CO2 Brayton power cycle. The parameters which are obtained from analyzes were compared with those of a power performance criterion that is shown that design parameters at maximum power density give a chance to smaller cycle components and more efficient s-CO2 Brayton power cycle. Due to loses in the cycle, the power and thermal efficiency will reduce by a certain amount, however, the maximum power density conditions will still give a better performance than at the maximum power output conditions. The analysis exemplified in this paper may provide a reference for the finding of optimal operating conditions and the design parameters for real s-CO2 Brayton power cycles.
USO ECONÔMICO DA ÁGUA PARA O FEIJÃO CAUPI NA REGIÃO DO SERTÃO ALAGOANO
Authors: Silva Samuel , Da Silva Carla Sabrina , Souza Jonatas Emanuel , Sousa Amanda Cibele da Paz , Araújo Edmaíris Rodrigues
Published: January 2020

A irrigação na agricultura permite dar condições para que o material genético expresse em campo todo o seu potencial de produção, mas são necessários estudos científicos para otimizar o uso da água em regiões de difícil acesso à mesma, como é o caso das regiões semiáridas. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a lâmina econômica de irrigação para a cultura do feijão caupi na região do Sertão Alagoano. Foi utilizada uma variedade crioula tipo fradinho comumente cultivada pelos agricultores da região, a qual foi submetida a cinco lâminas de irrigação (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura-ETc). O experimento foi desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Alagoas/Campus Piranhas, durante os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2017. A cultura foi irrigada por gotejamento, em que os custos da irrigação mais os custos de plantio e tratos culturais foram utilizados para determinar o nível econômico de água, através da análise da produtividade de grãos. A produtividade agrícola diferiu estatisticamente entre as lâminas aplicadas, conforme o teste F (p<0,05). A lâmina econômica de irrigação por gotejamento para o feijão caupi cultivado no sertão alagoano está situada em torno de 92% da ETc, em que é possível se obter produtividade média de grãos de 1,8 Mg ha-1.
Translation Efficiency and Degradation of ER-Associated mRNAs Modulated by ER-Anchored Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease (PARN)
Authors: Duan Tian-Li , Jiao Han , He Guang-Jun , Yan Yong-Bin
Published: January 2020

Translation is spatiotemporally regulated and ER-associated mRNAs are generally in efficient translation. It is unclear whether the ER-associated mRNAs are deadenylated or degraded on the ER surface in situ or in the cytosol. Here, we showed that ER possessed active deadenylases, particularly the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), in common cell lines and mouse tissues. Consistently, purified recombinant PARN exhibited a strong ability to insert into the Langmuir monolayer and liposome. ER-anchored PARN was found to be able to reshape the poly(A) length profile of the ER-associated RNAs by suppressing long poly(A) tails without significantly influencing the cytosolic RNAs. The shortening of long poly(A) tails did not affect global translation efficiency, suggesting that the non-specific action of PARN towards long poly(A) tails was beyond the scope of translation regulation on the ER surface. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that the ER-anchored PARN trigged the degradation of a small subset of ER-enriched transcripts. The ER-anchored PARN modulated the translation of its targets by redistributing ribosomes to heavy polysomes, suggesting that PARN may play a role in dynamic ribosome reallocation. During DNA damage response, MK2 phosphorylated PARN-Ser557 to modulate PARN translocation from the ER to cytosol. By promoting the decay of ER-associated MDM2 transcripts with low ribosome occupancy, the ER-anchored PARN modulated DNA damage response and thereby cell viability. These findings revealed that a highly regulated communication between mRNA degradation rate and translation efficiency is present on the ER surface in situ and that PARN may contribute to this communication by modulating the dynamic ribosome reallocation between transcripts with low and high ribosome occupancies.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN HARGA ECERAN TERTINGGI (HET) BERAS TERHADAP LAJU INFLASI BERAS DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Marasanti Andi Tiara Putri , Darma Rahim , Fudjaja Letty
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan harga eceran tertinggi untuk pengecer beras yang dirilis oleh Menteri Perdagangan pada September 2017 terhadap laju inflasi beras, terutama di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga kota yang dianggap mewakili Sulawesi Selatan dalam menghitung laju inflasi: Kota Makassar, Kota Pare-pare dan Kabupaten Bone. Semua variabel dianalisa menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda. Variabel-variabel tersebut adalah stok beras, margin harga beras, nilai tukar riil, dan tingkat inflasi dari masing-masing daerah. Data diambil dari April 2016 hingga Desember 2018 dan menggunakan estimasi month-to-month. Kesimpulannya, kebijakan tersebut secara positif meningkatkan laju inflasi. Hal tersebut dibuktikan oleh 4 dari 6 persamaan yang secara harfiah dijelaskan oleh nilai variabel dummy tiap persamaan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus mengevaluasi kembali kebijakan ini sehingga tingkat inflasi dapat dipertahankan di bawah target inflasi tahunan. Kata Kunci: harga eceran tertinggi; kebijakan harga beras; inflasi beras.
Analisis Miskonsepsi pada Materi Larutan Penyangga Menggunakan Two-Tier Diagnostic Test
Authors: Gultom Mian , Fitriyani Dewi , Paristiowati Maria , Moersilah  , Yusmaniar  , Rahmawati Yuli
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada materi larutan penyangga menggunakan instrumen soal two-tier diagnostic test . Instrumen dikembangkan berdasarkan indikator kompetensi materi larutan penyangga menjadi 10 pertanyaan dan dinyatakan valid untuk digunakan. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap siswa dan mahasiswa tingkat I dan III berjumlah 159. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi miskonsepsi pada konsep sifat larutan penyangga sebanyak 24,6%, konsep komposisi larutan penyangga sebanyak 24,1%, konsep prinsip kerja larutan penyangga sebanyak 29,3%, dan konsep pH larutan sebanyak 25,4%. Penyebab miskonsepsi dikarenakan konsep awal responden yang lemah, penjelasan guru yang sering menyederhanakan konsep, kebiasaan responden untuk menghafal, pemahaman bahasa dan konsep matematis yang lemah,  serta model pembelajaran yang belum memberikan kesempatan responden untuk memahami komponen dan prinsip kerja larutan penyangga secara mikroskopis. Pengetahuan tentang miskonsepsi diperlukan sebagai evaluasi terhadap guru dan dosen agar lebih termotivasi untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran yang mampu mengatasi miskonsepsi untuk mencegah timbulnya miskonsepsi lebih luas dalam pembelajaran kimia yang menjadikan kimia dianggap sulit.

Kata kunci

Miskonsepsi, Two-Tier Diagnostic Test, Larutan Penyangga
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning Terhadap Literasi Kimia Peserta Didik Pada Materi Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Darwis Darsef , Permatasari Nur Azmi , Nurjayadi Muktiningsih
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi pengaruh model pembelajaran guided discovery learning terhadap literasi kimia peserta didik pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 53 Jakarta pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi experiment. Sampel pada penelitian ini dipilih melalui teknik sampling purposive random sampling dan didapatkan kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol dan  Kelas XI MIPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Kelas kontrol mendapat pembelajaran dengan metode diskusi dan kelas eksperimen mendapat pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, nilai thitung sebesar 5,568 dan nilai ttabel sebesar 2,001 dengan df= 59 dan taraf signifikansi  = 0,05. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai  thitung  lebih besar dari ttabel (5,568 > 2,001), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif pada penerapan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning terhadap literasi kimia peserta didik pada materi larutan penyangga.

Kata kunci

Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning, Literasi Kimia, Larutan Penyangga
Introducción al estudio de las elites locales de la villa de Belalcázar a través de sus fundaciones piadosas: El caso de la Capellanía de Francisco Murillo Velarde (ss. XVI-XIX)
Authors: Cerro García Alejandro Marco
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Los conceptos de familia, linaje, parentesco fueron elementos claves sin los que no se puede explicar el funcionamiento de la urdimbre social en los reinos de la Monarquía Hispánica. Vínculos de gran relevancia que no quedaban circunscritos a un ámbito meramente nobiliario sino que implicaba a la totalidad de los estamentos sociales. En el presente estudio analizaremos estos lazos centrándonos en el análisis de la capellanía como elemento de memoria y filiación de estirpes más allá de su faceta pía.Palabras Clave: Belalcázar, capellanía, familia, Fundador, capellán.Abstract: The concepts of family, lineage, kinship were key elements without which the functioning of the social warp in the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy cannot be explained. Links of crucial relevance that were not limited to a merely noble field but involved all social groups. In the present study, we will examine these ties focusing on the analysis of "capellanías" as an element of memory and filiation of bloodlines beyond its pious aspect.Key Words: Belalcázar, chaplaincy, family, Founder, chaplain.
Measles and Mumps Outbreaks in Lebanon : Trends and Links
Authors: Zarif Talal El , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Bizri Nazih , Kassir Ghida , Musharrafieh Umayya , Bizri Abdul Rahman
Published: January 2020

Background: Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past twenty years . In this article, the trend of measles outbreaks in Lebanon was studied in an attempt to outline factors contributing to the failure of elimination plans, and to provide potential solutions. The relationship between measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was described and explored. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon between 2003 and 2018 collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database was carried out. The information collected was graphically represented taking into consideration dates of cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status. Results: The mean number of measles cases was 150.25 cases/year in the 1-4 years age group, 87 cases/year in individuals aging between 5 and 14, and 63.68 cases/year in those > 14 years old. In the latter group, only 18.05% were unvaccinated. The mean number of mumps cases was 30.4 cases/year in the <4 year age group and 53.8 cases/year in the 10-19 years age group. During the study period, every spike in measles cases was followed by a similar spike in mumps. 9.66% of measles cases occurred in individuals who received at least 2 doses of the vaccine, 52.26% in the unvaccinated, and 38% in those whose vaccination status was undetermined. Conclusions: Measles in Lebanon is a disease of the pediatric population, but adults remain at risk. Outbreaks of mumps followed those of measles and were mainly among adolescents. Presence of a large number of Syrian refugees in the country may further complicate the situation. Vaccination activities need to be intensified. Keywords: Measles, mumps, elimination, vaccine, Lebanon.
Maternal coffee intake and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Choi Hansol , Koo Seul , Park Hyun-Young
Published: January 2020

Background: Caffeine can easily cross the placenta, and maternal caffeine intake, thus, has an effect on fetal growth. However, it is still unclear whether coffee consumption is an independent risk factor for bleeding in early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption patterns and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 3,510 pregnant women from the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study who underwent baseline examination between 2013 and 2017 and for whom the results of the pregnancy were available. Coffee consumption patterns before pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire. The participants were classified according to the frequency of coffee consumption into seldom (<1 cup/week), light (<1 cup/day), moderate (1 cup/day), and heavy coffee drinker (≥2 cups/day) groups. Bleeding in early pregnancy was defined as the occurrence of vaginal bleeding in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy, after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption behavior, previous and current physical activity levels, stress levels, history of depression, presence of antenatal depressive symptoms during the first trimester, type of emesis, parity, and the number of livebirths, stillbirths, miscarriages, and abortions. Odds ratios among light, moderate, and heavy coffee drinkers were determined through comparisons with the seldom coffee drinker group. Results: Women who were light, moderate, and heavy coffee drinkers before pregnancy had adjusted odds ratios of 1.086, 1.225, and 1.358, respectively, for bleeding in early pregnancy. However, the association between coffee consumption and the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth was not significant. Conclusions: Our results showed that heavy coffee drinking was independently associated with a higher risk of bleeding in early pregnancy among pregnant Korean women, suggesting that caffeine intake before conception and during pregnancy should be reduced. Our study highlights the need for nutritional interventions for healthy coffee drinking among pregnant women in Korea. Keywords: caffeine, coffee consumption, fetus, placenta, pregnancy
Effectiveness of additional thoracic paravertebral block in improving anesthetic effects of regional anesthesia for proximal humeral fracture surgery in elderly patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: wang xiaofeng , Zhang Hui , Xie Zhenwei , Zhang Qingfu , Jiang Wei , Zhang Junfeng
Published: January 2020

Background: The innervation of shoulder-upper extremity area is complicated and unclear. Regional anesthesia with brachial plexus and cervical plexus block is probably inadequate for the proximal humeral surgery. Missing blockade of T1-T2 nerves may be the reason. We conduct this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore whether additional T2 thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) can improve the success rate of regional anesthesia for elderly patients in proximal humeral fracture surgery.
Methods: The patients aged 65 or older, referred for anterior approach proximal humeral fracture surgery, will be enrolled. Each patient will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive IC block (combined interscalene brachial plexus with superficial cervical plexus block) or ICTP block (combined thoracic paravertebral block with brachial plexus and superficial cervical plexus block). The primary outcome is the success rate of regional anesthesia without rescue analgesic methods. The secondary outcomes are as follows: sensory block at surgical area, proportion of patients who need rescue anesthesia (intravenous remifentanil or conversion to general anesthesia), cumulative doses of intraoperative vasoactive medications and adverse events. The total sample size is estimated to be 80 patients.
Discussion: This RCT aims to confirm whether additional T2 TPVB can provide better anesthetic effects of regional anesthesia with brachial and cervical plexus block in elderly patients undergoing proximal humeral surgery.
A partial mediation effect of father-child attachment and self-esteem between parental marital conflict and subsequent features of internet gaming disorder in children: a 12-month follow-up study
Authors: Jeong Hyunsuk , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Seung-Yup , Lee Hae Koo , Potenza Marc N , Jo Sun-jin , Son Hye Jung
Published: January 2020

Objectives

This study evaluated whether parent-child attachment and self-esteem may mediate the relationship between parental marital conflict and increases in features of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in children at one year.

Method

The baseline and one-year follow-up data for 268 children from the iCURE study were collected. The students were “non-cases of high risk of IGD” in the initial self-reported assessment, anyone living with both parents, current game user at baseline, and those who completed a 12-month follow-up assessment. The Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS) was used to identify increases in IGD features at 12 months. To examine a potential mediation effect, structural equation modeling was performed.

Results

The direct effect was statistically significant, and parental marital conflict at baseline significantly predicted the increases in IGD features in children at the 12-month follow-up after adjusting for gender, sex, socioeconomic status, and baseline IGUESS score (ß=0.206, P=0.003). The indirect effect showed that attachment to fathers through self-esteem was a significant mediating effect (ß=0.078, P=0.045). Parental marital conflicts were associated with increases in IGD features in children through poor father-child attachment, and in turn, the lower levels of self-esteem in the children.

Conclusion

Parents, especially fathers, should make an effort to bond with their children to reduce the risk of their children’s developing the IGD features.
Prevalence Of Syphilis, Neurosyphilis And Associated Factors In a Cross-Sectional Analysis Of HIV Infected Patients Attending Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania
Authors: Haule Adeodatus Richard , Msemwa Betrand , Mgaya Evarista , Masikini Peter , Kalluvya Samuel
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND HIV-syphilis co-infection is a combination that enhances rapid progression of early syphilis or late latent syphilis to neurosyphilis and can cause catastrophic neurological complications. In studies in Mwanza, syphilis affects ~8% of healthy outpatients, and older studies have suggested that up to 23.5% of HIV-syphilis co-infected patients also have neurosyphilis
Impacts of contracted endodontic cavities compared to traditional endodontic cavities in premolars
Authors: Juan Xia , weidong Wang , Zhengmao Li , Bingpeng Lin , Qian Zhang , Qianzhou Jiang , Yang xuechao
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aims to compare the percentage of dentin removed, instrumentation efficacy, root canal filling and load at fracture between contracted endodontic cavities, and traditional endodontic cavities on root canal therapy in premolars.
Methods: Forty extracted intact human first premolars were imaged with micro-CT and randomly assigned to the contracted endodontic cavity (CEC) or traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) groups. CEC was prepared with the aid of a 3D-printed template, canals were prepared with a 0.04 taper M-Two rotary instrument, and cavities were restored with resin. Specimens were loaded to fracture in an Instron Universal Testing Machine after a fatigue phase. The data were analyzed by the independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test, appropriate post hoc tests.
Results: In the premolars tested in vitro, the percentage of dentin removed in the premolars with two dental roots in the CEC group (3.85% ± 0.42%) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) than in the TEC group (4.94% ± 0.5%). The untouched canal wall (UCW) after instrumentation for TECs (16.43% ± 6.56%) was significantly lower (P< .05) than the UCW (24.42% ± 9.19%) for CECs in single-rooted premolars. No significant differences were observed in the increased canal volume and surface areas in premolars between the TEC and CEC groups (P > 0.05). CECs conserved coronal dentin in premolars with two dental roots but no impact on the instrument efficacy. There were no differences between the CEC groups and the TEC groups in the percentage of filling material and voids (P > 0.05). In addition, the mean load at failure of premolars did not significantly differ between the CEC and TEC groups and there was no significant difference in the type of fracture (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CEC could not improve the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated premolars. The instrumentation efficacy and the percentage of filling material did not significantly differ between CECs and TECs in premolars.
Keywords: 3D-printed template, contracted endodontic cavities, instrumentation efficacy, root canal filling, fracture resistance
Magnitude of iodine deficiency disorder and associated factors in Dawro zone, southwest Ethiopia: the hidden hunger
Authors: Asfaw Agize , Belachew Tefera
Published: January 2020

Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is continued to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The problem is worse but the data is scarce in some pocket areas of the country. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of IDD and associated factors in southwest Ethiopia by using different biochemical and clinical indicators.
Methods: Both community and school based cross- sectional study was conducted on school age children (6-12 years) from March 1 to 24, 2017. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were applied to select districts and eligible children respectively. Household data was collected from children’s primary care takers by using structured questionnaire. A trained surgeon examined all children (n=652) for goiter. Urine sample was collected from 20% of children (n=130).
Results: A total of 652 school children were participated in the study. Total goiter rate and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 54.8 % and 96.12μg/l respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses student’s age was significantly (P<0 05) associated with both goiter and median UIC. However; sex of students and family income were significantly (P<0.001) associated with goiter and cassava consumption was significantly (P<0.001) associated with UIC.
Conclusion: As indicated by the median UIC, there was mild iodine deficiency in this study community. However; chronic iodine deficiency was still a severe public health problem (high goiter prevalence). In addition, there was low concentration of iodine in the salt and increased cassava cultivation and consumption indicating the potential risk in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify IDD elimination activities along with teaching communities on techniques of cassava processing for household consumption.
Trial registration: PACTR201809544276357. Retrospectively registered on 14, Sept 2018.
Protocol of a short post-surgical antibiotic therapy in spine infections - prospective, randomized, unblinded, non-inferiority trials(SASI trials)
Authors: Betz Michael , Uçkay Ilker , Schüpbach Regula , Gröber Tanja , Botter Sander , Burkhard Jan , Holy Dominique , Achermann Yvonne , Farshad Mazda
Published: January 2020

Background There are several open scientific questions regarding the optimal antibiotic treatment of spine infections (SI) with or without an implant. The duration of post-surgical antibiotic therapy is debated.Methods We will perform and perform two unblinded randomized -controlled RCTs. We hypothesize that shorter durations of systemic antibiotic therapy after surgery for SI are non-inferior (10% margin, 80% power, ɑlpha 5%) to existing (long) treatment durations. The RCTs allocate the participants in two arms of 2 x 59 episodes each: 3 vs. 6 weeks of targeted post-surgical systemic antibiotic therapy for implant-free spine infections (two positive microbiological samples); or 6 vs. 12 weeks for implant-related spine infections. This equals a total of 236 adult SI episodes (randomization schemes 1:1) with a minimal follow-up of 12 months. All participants have a concomitant multidisciplinary surgical, re-educational, internist and infectious diseases care. We perform three interim analyses that are evaluated, in a blinded analysis, by an independent Study Data Monitoring Committee. Besides the primary outcome remission, we also assess adverse events of antibiotic therapy, changes of the patient’s nutritional status, the influence of immune suppression, total costs, functional scores, and the timely evolution of the (surgical) wounds. We define infection as the presence of local signs of inflammation (pus, wound discharge, calor, rubor) together with microbiological evidence of the same pathogen(s) in at least two intraoperative samples; and remission as absence of clinical, laboratory and/or radiological evidence of (former or new) infection.Discussion Provided that there is adequate surgical debridement, both RCTs enable to potentially prescribe less antibiotics during the therapy of SI; with potentially less adverse events and reduced overall costs.
Transcriptomic analysis of dead end knockout testis reveals germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Kleppe Lene , Edvardsen Rolf Brudvik , Furmanek Tomasz , Andersson Eva , Skaftnesmo Kai Ove , Segafredo Frida Thyri , Wargelius Anna
Published: January 2020

Background Sustainability challenges are currently hampering an increase in salmon production. Using sterile salmon can solve problems with precocious puberty and genetic introgression from farmed escapees to wild populations. Recently sterile salmon was produced by knocking out the germ cell-specific dead end (dnd). Several approaches may be applied to inhibit Dnd function, including gene knockout, knockdown or immunization. Since it is challenging to develop a successful treatment against a gene product already existing in the body, alternative targets are being explored. Germ cells are surrounded by, and dependent on, gonadal somatic cells. Targeting genes essential for the survival of gonadal somatic cells may be good alternative targets for sterility treatments. Our aim was to identify and characterize novel germ cell and gonadal somatic factors in Atlantic salmon.Results We have for the first time analysed RNA-sequencing data from germ cell-free (GCF)/dnd knockout and wild type (WT) salmon testis and searched for genes preferentially expressed in either germ cells or gonadal somatic cells. To exclude genes with extra-gonadal expression, our dataset was merged with available multi-tissue transcriptome data. We identified 389 gonad specific genes, of which 194 were preferentially expressed within germ cells, and 11 were confined to gonadal somatic cells. Interestingly, 5 of the 11 gonadal somatic transcripts represented genes encoding secreted TGF-β factors; gsdf, inha, nodal and two bmp6-like genes, all representative vaccine targets. Of these, gsdf and inha had the highest transcript levels. Expression of gsdf and inha was further confirmed to be gonad specific, and their spatial expression was restricted to granulosa and Sertoli cells of the ovary and testis, respectively. Finally, we show that inha expression increases with puberty in both ovary and testis tissue, while gsdf expression does not change or decreases during puberty in ovary and testis tissue, respectively.Conclusions This study contributes with transcriptome data on salmon testis tissue with and without germ cells. We provide a list of novel and known germ cell- and gonad somatic specific transcripts, and show that the expression of two highly active gonadal somatic secreted TGF-β factors, gsdf and inha, are located within granulosa and Sertoli cells.
Qualitative exploration of the acceptability of a postnatal pelvic floor muscle training intervention to prevent urinary incontinence
Authors: Grant Aileen , Currie Sinead
Published: January 2020

Background Childbirth is a major risk factor for urinary incontinence (UI). As a result, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is commonly recommended during and after pregnancy to prevent the onset of UI. PFMT is often classed as a physical activity (PA) behaviour, hence PA guidelines for postnatal women encourage PFMT alongside aerobic activities. However, postnatal lifestyle interventions tend to overlook PFMT which can be detrimental to women’s health and future health risks, including urinary incontinence. This study aimed to explore perceptions and acceptability of a postnatal physical activity and PFMT intervention with postnatal women in Scotland.Methods We recruited women who had given birth within the last five years by displaying posters in health centres and community centres in Stirling and through Facebook. Data was gathered via online and face-to-face focus groups, which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analytic themes were initially organised under related concepts derived from the topic guide and thematic analysis conducted. Subsequent analysis was by the Framework technique.Results A total of seven online and face-to-face focus group discussions with 31 women identified there was a clear intention behaviour gap for engagement in PA with both psychological and logistical barriers identified such as motivation and childcare. This was distinct from PFMT where there was a feeling of helplessness around not knowing how to perform a correct PFMT contraction subsequently resulting in women not adhering to PFMT guidance. Women felt there was no accessible PFMT advice available through the NHS. Some participants had received PFMT advice after childbirth and spoke of the Squeezee app being useful in adhering to a PFMT regimen but they did require additional teaching on how to do correct contractions. There was need for clarity and practical support for PFMT in the postnatal period with an approved intervention incorporating an accessible app being suggested by participants.Conclusions Women would like to be trained on postnatal PFMT but face barriers to accessing adequate information and education on how to do a PFMT contraction. An intervention combining PFMT training and an app would be the most useful for their needs and circumstances.
Comparison of metamizole and paracetamol effects on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities in Wistar rats
Authors: Purnomo Eko , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Agustriani Nunik , Gunadi .
Published: January 2020

Background : Leakage following colorectal anastomosis surgery causes various complications associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatric patients. It might be caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as postoperative analgesics. This study aimed to compare the effect of metamizole and paracetamol on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities, including proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, in Wistar rats. Methods: Rats were divided into control, paracetamol and metamizole groups. The colonic anastomosis was evaluated by determining the integrity of the muscle layers, the formation of granulation tissue, and mucosal anastomosis. Fibroblast activities were analyzed by measuring the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. Results: Metamizole caused more damage to muscle layer integrity, more inhibition of granulation tissue formation in the anastomosis area and lower mucosal anastomosis compared with paracetamol and control groups. Metamizole had a higher cytotoxic effect than paracetamol, which suppressed the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Furthermore, both drugs did not affect the synthesis of collagen. Conclusion: Metamizole shows worse effects on the integrity of muscle layers, inhibition of granulation tissue formation, mucosal anastomosis, fibroblast proliferation, and migration, but not collagen synthesis, than paracetamol in Wistar rat intestines following colonic anastomosis. These findings might indicate that paracetamol is safer than metamizole as analgesic following colonic anastomosis. Key Words: colonic anastomosis; fibroblast activities; metamizole; paracetamol; Wistar rat
Detection of endogenous and drug-modulated CYP3A activity in cells using LC-MS/MS﻿
Authors: Wright William C. , Yang Lei , Chen Taosheng
Published: January 2020

Most currently-prescribed drugs are metabolized by the Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) family. It is therefore critical to know whether drugs or compounds of interest inhibit these enzymes (primarily CYP3A4 and CYP3A5). Here, we describe an LC-MS/MS based method to measure CYP3A catalytic activity in cells. Our method allows for highly sensitive detection of drug-induced modulations in CYP3A activity, as well as endogenous (non-treated) activity. This is accomplished by exploiting the CYP3A-catalyzed hydroxylation of midazolam. We include DMSO and inhibitor controls to obtain a signal window capable of producing normalized dose-response curves. We also obtain tight error bars suitable for statistical interpretation, which highlights the reproducibility of the assay between replicates. While our method is performed in 384-well plates and is amenable to high-throughput screening – an optional plate freezing step allows for storage of samples before metabolite detection, making our protocol suitable for lower throughputs as well. We present a stepwise protocol starting from treatment of cells with a compound of interest to obtaining its IC50 value and determining CYP3A inhibition.
Development & Validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire for use among Kuwaiti healthcare professionals
Authors: ALMughamis Nouf S , Alayoub Abdullah A. , Meraj Hafsa , Waqas Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Objective
This study aims to report the developmental processes and validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Questionnaire in Arabic language.
Results
A total of 173 (response rate= 86.93%) participants responded to the survey. There were a total of 92 (53.2%) nutritionists and 81(46.8%) doctors/surgeons.Principal component analyses revealed followed by visualization of Cattell’s scree plot, suggested a four-factor solution for the 36-itemAttitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire. Itwas found to have an acceptable validity. These four factors cumulatively explained 37.9% of the variance in the factor structure of the ATNQ. Cronbach’s alpha revealed an acceptable level of reliability for each subscale of the ATNQ. The first subscale named “Factual knowledge about nutrition” comprised of nine items. It yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.78. The second subscale “knowledge about nutrition in morbidities” comprised of seven items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.71. The third subscale “counselling of patients” comprised of 11 items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.68. The fourth subscale comprising nine items yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.64 and was named, “Dietary programs and supplementation”.
Keywords
Nutrition, Questionnaire, Scale, knowledge, Dietician, Arabic, Attitude
Current status of integrating oncology and palliative care in Japan: A nationwide survey
Authors: Uneno Yu , Sato Kazuki , Morita Tatsuya , Nishimura Mayumi , Ito Satoko , Mori Masanori , Shimizu Chikako , Horie Yoshiki , Hirakawa Mami , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Tsuneto Satoru , Muto Manabu
Published: January 2020

Background:
Palliative care (PC) is increasingly recognized as essential for oncology care, and several academic societies strongly recommend integrating oncology and palliative care (IOP) in daily practice. Similarly, the Japanese government encouraged the implementation of IOP through the Cancer Control Act of 2007; however, its detailed progress remains unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted to investigate the current status and hospital executive physicians’ perception of IOP.
Methods:
The questionnaire was developed based on IOP indicators with international consensus. It was distributed to executive physicians at all government-designated cancer hospitals (DCHs, n = 399) and matched non-DCHs (n = 478) in November 2017 and the results were compared.
Results:
In total, 269 (67.4%) DCHs and 259 (54.2%) non-DCHs responded. The number of PC resources in DCHs was significantly higher than those in non-DCHs (e.g., full-time PC physicians and nurses, 52.8% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.001; availability of outpatient PC service ≥3 days per week, 47.6% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Routine symptom screening was more frequently performed in DCHs than in non-DCHs (65.1% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.001). Automatic trigger for PC referral availability was limited (e.g., referral using time trigger, 14.9% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.700). Education and research opportunities were seriously limited in both types of hospitals. Most executive physicians regarded IOP as beneficial for their patients (95.9% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.163) and were willing to facilitate an early referral to PC services (54.7% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.569); however, the majority faced challenges to increase the number of full-time PC staff, and <30% were planning to increase the staff members.
Conclusions:
This survey highlighted a considerable number of IOP indicators met, particularly in DCHs probably due to the government policy. Further efforts are needed to address the serious research/educational gaps.
The Prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Salari Nader , Mohammadi Masoud , Vaisi-Raygani Aliakbar , Abdi Alireza , Shohaimi Shamarina , Paveh Behnam Khaledi , Daneshkhah Alireza , Jalali Rostam
Published: January 2020

Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the older adult and one of the most common risk factors for suicide in the older adult. Studies show different and inconsistent prevalence rates in Iran. This study aims to determine the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult through a meta-analysis approach.

Methods: The present meta-analysis was conducted between January 2000-August 2019. Articles related to the subject matter were obtained by searching Scopus, Sciencedirect, SID, magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using I 2 index and the data were analyzed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.

Results : In a study of 3948 individuals aged 50-90 years, the overall prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult was 8.2% (95% CI: 4.14-6.3%) based on meta-analysis. Also, in order to investigate the effects of potential factors (sample size and year of study) on the heterogeneity of severe depression in Iranian older adult, meta-regression was used. It was reported that the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult decreased with increasing sample size and increasing years of the study, which is significantly different (P<0.05).

Conclusion : Considering the high prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult, it is necessary for health policy makers to take effective control measures and periodic care for the older adult.
IgG antibody response against Anopheles salivary gland proteins in asymptomatic infections in Narino – Colombia.
Authors: Montiel Jehidys , Carbal Luisa Fernanda , Tobón-Castaño Alberto , Vásquez Gissella M. , Fisher Michael L. , Londono Berlin L.
Published: January 2020

Background: The humoral immune response against Anopheles salivary glands proteins in the vertebrate host can reflect the intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites and the risk of Plasmodium infection. In Colombia, the identification of exposure biomarkers is necessary due to the several Anopheles species circulating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk of malaria infection by measuring antibody responses against salivary glands extracts from An. (Nys.) albimanus and An. (Nys.) darlingi and also against the gSG6-P1 peptide of An. gambiae in people residing in a malaria endemic area in the Colombian Pacific coast. Methods: We eluted dried blood spots samples to measure the IgG antibodies against salivary gland extracts of An. (Nys.) albimanus strains STECLA (STE) and Cartagena (CTG) and An. (Nys.) darlingi and the gSG6-P1 peptide by ELISA in uninfected people and microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium carriers from the Colombia Pacific Coast. A multiple linear mixed regression model, Spearman correlation, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze IgG data. Results: Significant differences in specific IgG levels were detected between infected and uninfected groups for salivary glands extracts from An. (Nys.) albimanus and for gSG6-P1, also IgG response to CTG and gSG6-P1 peptide were positively associated with the IgG response to P. falciparum in the mixed model. Conclusion: The CTG and STE An. (Nys.) albimanus salivary glands extracts are a potential source of new Anopheles salivary biomarkers to identify exposure to the main malaria vector and to calculate risk of disease in the Colombian Pacific coast. Also, the gSG6-P1 peptide has the potential to quantify human exposure to the subgenus Anopheles vectors in the same area.