bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the genetic distances of bovids and cervids using BovineSNP50k BeadChip
Authors: Kasarda R. , Moravčíková N. , Židek R. , Mészáros G. , Kadlečík O. , Trakovická A. , Pokorádi J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This study presents the application of BovineSNP50 BeadChip for genome-wide screening of two taurine breeds (Bos primigenius taurus) and Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus), and two species from the family Cervidae: red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). The aim of the paper was to evaluate the use of bovine array for cross-species genotyping and analyse single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distribution, diversity within groups of animals and genetic distance among analysed species. The number of polymorphic SNPs decreased with the increase of phylogenetic distance between species, which also reflected a decrease in call rate (from 99.54 to 61.19%). The minor allele frequency (MAF) values were significantly different between species and ranged from 0.18 ± 15 (Zebu) to 0.26 ± 0.14 (Pinzgau). The subsequent analyses of genetic diversity were based on the polymorphic loci detected in cervids. Differences in the expected heterozygosity was low (0.06), on average 0.34. In analysed groups the FIS values were close to zero, which suggested low SNP variance within them. The value of FIT indicated homozygote excess in evaluated individuals. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most of the variability was distributed within all individuals. Observed genetic distances within and across groups of animals suggested that taurine cattle and cervids were more distant. The study results showed that genotyping array prepared for model species can be applied not only to organisms for which was developed, but can be also successfully used in closely related and more phylogenetically divergent species.
The effect of naked oats (Avena nuda L.) used in feeding gilts on their sexual activity
Authors: Szostak B. , Stasiak A. , Przykaza Ł.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The study was carried out on 180 Polish Landrace gilts. Three gilts were selected from each of 60 litters. When their body weight had reached about 30 kg, the gilts were divided into three groups, two experimental and one control, with 60 individuals per group. The mixture fed to the experimental groups contained 40 % (D1) and 20 % (D2) naked oats of the Akt variety. Sexual activity was observed in the gilts during the first, second and third oestrus. The occurrence of the standing reflex was tested twice a day, in the morning and afternoon, and its duration was determined by timing the positive reaction to a boar, to touch and to mounting. The first oestrus occurred earliest in the experimental gilts (group D1) at an average age of 178.2 days, i.e. 8.7 days earlier than in the control group. Analysis of the 17-β-estradiol level in the blood serum of the experimental gilts showed that the feed rations containing naked oats had a beneficial effect on the secretion of this hormone.
Oxidant production from source-oriented particulate matter – Part 1: Oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay
Authors: Charrier J. G. , Richards-Henderson N. K. , Bein K. J. , McFall A. S. , Wexler A. S. , Anastasio C.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Recent epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that health effects from inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) are governed by more than just the mass of PM inhaled. Both specific chemical components and sources have been identified as important contributors to mortality and hospital admissions, even when these end points are unrelated to PM mass. Sources may cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce reactive oxygen species in the body, possibly due to the transition metal content of the PM. Our goal is to quantify the oxidative potential of ambient particle sources collected during two seasons in Fresno, CA, using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. We collected PM from different sources or source combinations into different ChemVol (CV) samplers in real time using a novel source-oriented sampling technique based on single-particle mass spectrometry. We segregated the particles from each source-oriented mixture into two size fractions – ultrafine Dp ≤ 0.17 μm) and submicron fine (0.17 μm ≤ Dp ≤ 1.0 μm) – and measured metals and the rate of DTT loss in each PM extract. We find that the mass-normalized oxidative potential of different sources varies by up to a factor of 8 and that submicron fine PM typically has a larger mass-normalized oxidative potential than ultrafine PM from the same source. Vehicular emissions, regional source mix, commute hours, daytime mixed layer, and nighttime inversion sources exhibit the highest mass-normalized oxidative potential. When we apportion DTT activity for total PM sampled to specific chemical compounds, soluble copper accounts for roughly 50% of total air-volume-normalized oxidative potential, soluble manganese accounts for 20%, and other unknown species, likely including quinones and other organics, account for 30%. During nighttime, soluble copper and manganese largely explain the oxidative potential of PM, while daytime has a larger contribution from unknown (likely organic) species.
Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012
Authors: Visser S. , Slowik J. G. , Furger M. , Zotter P. , Bukowiecki N. , Dressler R. , Flechsig U. , Appel K. , Green D. C. , Tremper A. H. , Young D. E. , Williams P. I. , Allan J. D. , Herndon S. C. , Williams L. R. , Mohr C. , Xu L. , Ng N. L. , Detournay A. , Barlow J. F. , Halios C. H. , Fleming Z. L. , Baltensperger U. , Prévôt A. S. H.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Ambient concentrations of trace elements with 2 h time resolution were measured in PM10–2.5, PM2.5–1.0 and PM1.0–0.3 size ranges at kerbside, urban background and rural sites in London during winter 2012. Samples were collected using rotating drum impactors (RDIs) and subsequently analysed with synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). Quantification of kerb and urban increments (defined as kerb-to-urban and urban-to-rural concentration ratios, respectively), and assessment of diurnal and weekly variability provided insight into sources governing urban air quality and the effects of urban micro-environments on human exposure. Traffic-related elements yielded the highest kerb increments, with values in the range of 10.4 to 16.6 for SW winds (3.3–6.9 for NE) observed for elements influenced by brake wear (e.g. Cu, Sb, Ba) and 5.7 to 8.2 for SW (2.6–3.0 for NE) for other traffic-related processes (e.g. Cr, Fe, Zn). Kerb increments for these elements were highest in the PM10–2.5 mass fraction, roughly twice that of the PM1.0–0.3 fraction. These elements also showed the highest urban increments (~ 3.0), although no difference was observed between brake wear and other traffic-related elements. All elements influenced by traffic exhibited higher concentrations during morning and evening rush hours, and on weekdays compared to weekends, with the strongest trends observed at the kerbside site, and additionally enhanced by winds coming directly from the road, consistent with street canyon effects. Elements related to mineral dust (e.g. Al, Si, Ca, Sr) showed significant influences from traffic-induced resuspension, as evidenced by moderate kerb (3.4–5.4 for SW, 1.7–2.3 for NE) and urban (~ 2) increments and increased concentrations during peak traffic flow. Elements related to regional transport showed no significant enhancement at kerb or urban sites, with the exception of PM10–2.5 sea salt (factor of up to 2), which may be influenced by traffic-induced resuspension of sea and/or road salt. Heavy-duty vehicles appeared to have a larger effect than passenger vehicles on the concentrations of all elements influenced by resuspension (including sea salt) and wearing processes. Trace element concentrations in London were influenced by both local and regional sources, with coarse and intermediate fractions dominated by traffic-induced resuspension and wearing processes and fine particles influenced by regional transport.
An investigation of how radiation may cause accelerated rates of tropical cyclogenesis and diurnal cycles of convective activity
Authors: Nicholls M. E.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Recent cloud-resolving numerical modeling results suggest that radiative forcing causes accelerated rates of tropical cyclogenesis and early intensification. Furthermore, observational studies of tropical cyclones have found that oscillations of the cloud canopy areal extent often occur that are clearly related to the solar diurnal cycle. A theory is put forward to explain these findings. The primary mechanism that seems responsible can be considered a refinement of the mechanism proposed by Gray and Jacobson (1977) to explain diurnal variations of oceanic tropical deep cumulus convection. It is hypothesized that differential radiative cooling or heating between a relatively cloud-free environment and a developing tropical disturbance generates circulations that can have very significant influences on convective activity in the core of the system. It is further suggested that there are benefits to understanding this mechanism by viewing it in terms of the lateral propagation of thermally driven gravity wave circulations, also known as buoyancy bores. Numerical model experiments indicate that mean environmental radiative cooling outside the cloud system is playing an important role in causing a significant horizontal differential radiative forcing and accelerating the rate of tropical cyclogenesis. As an expansive stratiform cloud layer forms aloft within a developing system the mean low level radiative cooling is reduced while at mid levels small warming occurs. During the daytime there is not a very large differential radiative forcing between the environment and the cloud system, but at nighttime when there is strong radiative clear sky cooling of the environment it becomes significant. Thermally driven circulations develop, characterized by relatively weak subsidence in the environment but much stronger upward motion in the cloud system. This upward motion leads to a cooling tendency and increased relative humidity. The increased relative humidity at night appears to be a major factor in enhancing convective activity thereby leading in the mean to an increased rate of genesis. It is postulated that the increased upward motion and relative humidity that occurs throughout a deep layer both aids in the triggering of convection, and in providing a more favorable local environment at mid-levels for maintenance of buoyancy in convective cells due to a reduction of the detrimental effects of dry air entrainment. Additionally, the day/night modulations of the environmental radiative forcing appear to play a major role in the diurnal cycles of convective activity in the cloud system. It is shown that the upward velocity tendencies in the system core produced by the radiative forcing are extremely weak when compared to those produced by latent heat release in convective towers, but nevertheless over the course of a night they appear capable of significantly influencing convective activity.
Field-deployable diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for profiling water vapor
Authors: Spuler S. M. , Repasky K. S. , Morley B. , Moen D. , Hayman M. , Nehrir A. R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A field-deployable water vapor profiling instrument that builds on the foundation of the preceding generations of diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) laboratory prototypes was constructed and tested. Significant advances are discussed, including a unique shared telescope design that allows expansion of the outgoing beam for eye-safe operation with optomechanical and thermal stability; multistage optical filtering enabling measurement during daytime bright-cloud conditions; rapid spectral switching between the online and offline wavelengths enabling measurements during changing atmospheric conditions; and enhanced performance at lower ranges by the introduction of a new filter design and the addition of a wide field-of-view channel. Performance modeling, testing, and intercomparisons are performed and discussed. In general, the instrument has a 150 m range resolution with a 10 min temporal resolution; 1 min temporal resolution in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere is demonstrated. The instrument is shown capable of autonomous long-term field operation – 50 days with a > 95% uptime – under a broad set of atmospheric conditions and potentially forms the basis for a ground-based network of eye-safe autonomous instruments needed for the atmospheric sciences research and forecasting communities.
An enhanced procedure for measuring organic acids and methyl esters in PM2.5
Authors: Liu F. , Duan F. , He K. , Ma Y. , Rahn K. A. , Zhang Q.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. We have developed an enhanced analytical procedure to measure organic acids and methyl esters in fine aerosol with much greater specificity and sensitivity than previously available. This capability is important because of these species and their low concentrations, even in highly polluted atmospheres like Beijing, China. The procedure first separates the acids and esters from the other organic compounds with anion-exchange solid- phase extraction (SPE), then, quantifies them by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This allows us to accurately quantify the C4-C11 dicarboxylic and the C8-C30 monocarboxylic acids. Then the acids are separated from the esters on an aminopropyl SPE cartridge, whose weak retention isolates and enriches the acids from esters prevents the fatty acids and dimethyl phthalate from being overestimated. The resulting correlations between the aliphatic acids and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) suggest that FAMEs had sources similar to those of the carboxylic acids, or were formed by esterifying carboxylic acids, or that aliphatic acids were formed by hydrolyzing FAMEs. In all, 17 aromatic acids were identified and quantified using this procedure coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including the five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) acids 2-naphthoic, biphenyl-4-carboxylic, 9-oxo-9H-fluorene-1-carboxylic, biphenyl-4,4´-dicarboxylic, and phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid, plus 1,8-naphthalic anhydride. Correlations between the PAH-acids and the dicarboxylic and aromatic acids indicated that the first three acids and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were mainly secondary, the last two mainly primary.
MIRROR IDENTIFICATION AND CORRECTION OF 3D POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Käshammer P.-F. , Nüchter A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), the surface geometry of objects is scanned by laser beams and recorded digitally. This produces a discrete set of scan points, commonly referred to as a point cloud. The coordinates of the scan points are determined by measuring the angles and the time-of-flight relative to the origin (scanner position). However, if it comes to mirror surfaces laser beams are fully reflected, due to the high reflectivity. Mirrors do not appear in the point cloud at all. Instead, for every reflected beam, a incorrect scan point is created behind the actual mirror plane. Consequently, problems arise in multiple derived application fields such as 3D virtual reconstruction of complex architectures. The paper presents a new approach to automatically detect framed rectangular mirrors with known dimensions and to correct the 3D point cloud, using the calculated mirror plane.
A NEW APPROACH FOR SEGMENTATION-BASED TEXTURING OF LASER SCANNING DATA
Authors: Lari Z. , Habib A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In recent years, laser scanning systems have been recognized as a fast and accurate technology for the acquisition of high density spatial data. The advent of these systems has reduced the cost and increased the availability of accurate 3D data for mapping, modelling, and monitoring applications. The original laser scanning data does not explicitly provide meaningful information about the characteristics of the scanned surfaces. Therefore, reliable processing procedures are applied for information extraction from these datasets. However, the derived surfaces through laser scanning data processing cannot be effectively interpreted due to the lack of spectral information. To resolve this problem, a new texturing procedure is introduced in this paper to improve the interpretability of laser scanning-derived surfaces using spectral information from overlapping imagery. In this texturing approach, individual planar regions, derived through a laser scanning data segmentation procedure, are textured using the available imagery. This texturing approach, which aims to overcome the computational inefficiency of the previously-developed point-based texturing techniques, is implemented in three steps. In the first step, the visibility of the segmented planar regions in the available imagery is checked and a list of appropriate images for texturing each planar region is established. An occlusion detection procedure is then performed to identify the parts of the segmented regions which are occluding/being occluded by other regions in the field of view of the utilized images. In the second step, visible parts of planar regions are decomposed into parts which should be textured using individual images. Finally, a rendering procedure is performed to texture these parts using available images. Experimental results from real laser scanning dataset and overlapping imagery demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for texturing laser scanning-derived surfaces using images.
REMOTE VISUALIZATION AND NAVIGATION OF 3D MODELS OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES
Authors: Callieri M. , Dellepiane M. , Scopigno R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The remote visualization and navigation of 3D data directly inside the web browser is becoming a viable option, due to the recent efforts in standardizing the components for 3D rendering on the web platform. Nevertheless, handling complex models may be a challenge, especially when a more generic solution is needed to handle different cases. In particular, archeological and architectural models are usually hard to handle, since their navigation can be managed in several ways, and a completely free navigation may be misleading and not realistic. In this paper we present a solution for the remote navigation of these dataset in a WebGL component. The navigation has two possible modes: the ”bird’s eye” mode, where the user is able to see the model from above, and the ”first person” mode, where the user can move inside the structure. The two modalities are linked by a point of interest, that helps the user to control the navigation in an intuitive fashion. Since the terrain may not be flat, and the architecture may be complex, it’s necessary to handle these issues, possibly without implementing complex mesh-based collision mechanisms. Hence, a complete navigation is obtained by storing the height and collision information in an image, which provides a very simple source of data. Moreover, the same image-based approach can be used to store additional information that could enhance the navigation experience. The method has been tested in two complex test cases, showing that a simple yet powerful interaction can be obtained with limited pre-processing of data.
3D INTEGRATED METHODOLOGIES FOR THE DOCUMENTATION AND THE VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
Authors: Balletti C. , Guerra F. , Scocca V. , Gottardi C.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Highly accurate documentation and 3D reconstructions are fundamental for analyses and further interpretations in archaeology. In the last years the integrated digital survey (ground-based survey methods and UAV photogrammetry) has confirmed its main role in the documentation and comprehension of excavation contexts, thanks to instrumental and methodological development concerning the on site data acquisition. The specific aim of the project, reported in this paper and realized by the Laboratory of Photogrammetry of the IUAV University of Venice, is to check different acquisition systems and their effectiveness test, considering each methodology individually or integrated. This research focuses on the awareness that the integration of different survey’s methodologies can as a matter of fact increase the representative efficacy of the final representations; these are based on a wider and verified set of georeferenced metric data. Particularly the methods’ integration allows reducing or neutralizing issues related to composite and complex objects’ survey, since the most appropriate tools and techniques can be chosen considering the characteristics of each part of an archaeological site (i.e. urban structures, architectural monuments, small findings). This paper describes the experience in several sites of the municipality of Sepino (Molise, Italy), where the 3d digital acquisition of cities and structure of monuments, sometimes hard to reach, was realized using active and passive techniques (rage-based and image based methods). This acquisition was planned in order to obtain not only the basic support for interpretation analysis, but also to achieve models of the actual state of conservation of the site on which some reconstructive hypotheses can be based on. Laser scanning data were merged with Structure from Motion techniques’ clouds into the same reference system, given by a topographical and GPS survey. These 3d models are not only the final results of the metric survey, but also the starting point for the whole reconstruction of the city and its urban context, from the research point of view. This reconstruction process will concern even some areas that have not yet been excavated, where the application of procedural modelling can offer an important support to the reconstructive hypothesis.
ACCURATE 3D SCANNING OF DAMAGED ANCIENT GREEK INSCRIPTIONS FOR REVEALING WEATHERED LETTERS
Authors: Papadaki A. I. , Agrafiotis P. , Georgopoulos A. , Prignitz S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In this paper two non-invasive non-destructive alternative techniques to the traditional and invasive technique of squeezes are presented alongside with specialized developed processing methods, aiming to help the epigraphists to reveal and analyse weathered letters in ancient Greek inscriptions carved in masonry or marble. The resulting 3D model would serve as a detailed basis for the epigraphists to try to decipher the inscription. The data were collected by using a Structured Light scanner. The creation of the final accurate three dimensional model is a complicated procedure requiring large computation cost and human effort. It includes the collection of geometric data in limited space and time, the creation of the surface, the noise filtering and the merging of individual surfaces. The use of structured light scanners is time consuming and requires costly hardware and software. Therefore an alternative methodology for collecting 3D data of the inscriptions was also implemented for reasons of comparison. Hence, image sequences from varying distances were collected using a calibrated DSLR camera aiming to reconstruct the 3D scene through SfM techniques in order to evaluate the efficiency and the level of precision and detail of the obtained reconstructed inscriptions. Problems in the acquisition processes as well as difficulties in the alignment step and mesh optimization are also encountered. A meta-processing framework is proposed and analysed. Finally, the results of processing and analysis and the different 3D models are critically inspected and then evaluated by a specialist in terms of accuracy, quality and detail of the model and the capability of revealing damaged and ”hidden” letters.
NEW CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE DOME OF THE PANTHEON IN ROME: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE IDEAL MODEL AND THE SURVEY MODEL
Authors: Aliberti L. , Canciani M. , Alonso Rodriguéz M. A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This work proposes an integrated survey and a study of the intrados of the dome of the Pantheon in Rome. An actualized architectural survey of the interior of the dome can generate useful material for future studies. The survey has been realized by using in a first stage the digital photogrammetry and in a second stage the three-dimensional laser scan technology. The compared analysis between different methods applied in the same object is useful towards a closer approximation to real dimension. Among several aspects that arise in dealing with the Pantheon this work focuses mainly on the study of the geometry of the inner surface of the dome. The specific goal of the research is to verify the spherical form of the surface and the coffers' distribution. In this sense it takes an important place the extracting data system. In order to realize the analysis it was applied a critical treatment of selected information contained in the point cloud. The use of plan and section drawings connects to the study of three dimensional models. The research is based on the construction of an ideal geometrical model that derives from the theoretical model described in the historical documents. The survey points model, which keeps the irregularities of the actual form, determines the creation of an average sphere, that is a regular model defined by clarifying geometrical laws. The direct comparison between the survey model and the ideal model contributes to the building understanding. It detects irregularities or deformities where they exist, and provides objective and quantifiable data.
A versatile and low-cost 3D acquisition and processing pipeline for collecting mass of archaeological findings on the field
Authors: Gattet E. , Devogelaere J. , Raffin R. , Bergerot L. , Daniel M. , Jockey Ph. , De Luca L.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In recent years, advances in the fields of photogrammetry and computer vision have produced several solutions for generating 3D reconstruction starting from simple images. Even if the potentialities of the image-based 3D reconstruction approach are nowadays very well-known in terms of reliability, accuracy and flexibility, there is still a lack of low-cost, open-source and automated solutions for collecting mass of archaeological findings, specially if one consider the real (and non theoretical) contextual aspects of a digitization campaign on the field (number of objects to acquire, available time, lighting conditions, equipment transport, budget, etc...) as well as the accuracy requirements for an in-depth shape analysis and classification purpose. In this paper we present a prototype system (integrating hardware and software) for the 3D acquisition, geometric reconstruction, documentation and archiving of large collections of archaeological findings. All the aspects of our approach are based on high-end image-based modeling techniques and designed basing on an accurate analysis of the typical field conditions of an archaeological campaign, as well as on the specific requirements of archaeological finding documentation and analysis. This paper presents all the aspects integrated into the prototype: - a hardware development of a transportable photobooth for the automated image acquisition consisting of a turntable and three DSLR controlled by a microcontroller; - an automatic image processing pipeline (based on Apero/Micmac) including mask generation, tie-point extraction, bundle adjustment, multi-view stereo correlation, point cloud generation, surface reconstruction; - a versatile (off-line/on-line) portable database for associating descriptive attributes (archaeological description) to the 3D digitizations on site; - a platform for data-gathering, archiving and sharing collections of 3D digitizations on the Web. The presentation and the assessment of this prototype is based on an interdisciplinary experience carried out on the study of the Tholos in Delphi within the framework of the CNRS's Eloquentia project and the EFA's archaeological program.
A HAND-FREE SOLUTION FOR THE INTERACTION IN AN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF THE AGORA OF SEGESTA
Authors: Olivito R. , Taccola E. , Albertini N.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The paper illustrates the project of an interdisciplinary team composed of archaeologists and researchers of the Scuola Normale Superiore and the University of Pisa. The synergy between these Centres has recently allowed for a more articulated 3D simulation of the agora of Segesta. Here, the archaeological excavations have brought to light the remains of a huge public building (stoa) of the Late-Hellenistic Period. Computer graphics and image-based modeling have been used to monitor, document and record the different phases of the excavation activity (layers, findings, wall structures) and to create a 3D model of the whole site. In order to increase as much as possible the level of interaction, all the models can be managed by an application specially designed for an immersive virtual environment (CAVE-like system). By using hands tracking sensor (Leap) in a non-standard way, the application allows for a completely hand-free interaction with the simulation of the agora of Segesta and the different phases of the fieldwork activities. More specifically, the operator can use simple hand gestures to activate a natural interface, scroll and visualize the perfectly overlapped models of the archaeological layers, pop up the models of single meaningful objects discovered during the excavation, and obtain all the relative metadata (stored in a dedicated server) which are visualizable on external devices (e.g. tablets or monitors) without further wearable devices. All these functions are contextualized within the whole simulation of the agora, so that it is possible to verify old interpretations and enhance new ones in real-time, simulating within the CAVE the whole archaeological investigation, going over the different phases of the excavation in a more rapid way, getting information which could have been ignored during the fieldwork, and verifying, even ex-post, issues not correctly documented during the fieldwork. The opportunity to physically interact with the 3D model of the agora increases drastically the level of affordance between operator and 3D simulation, and to verify with a completely new approach, issues which can be hardly investigated by using traditional 2D documentation.
3D MODELLING: CROSSING TRADITIONAL BOUNDARIES BETWEEN DIFFERENT RESEARCH AREAS
Authors: Opgenhaffen L. , Sepers M. H.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A 3D reconstruction of complex architecture will never be complete nor constructively sound without the combination of knowledge and expertise from different scientific branches. Yet, how should all the different perspectives from these diverse disciplines, leading to different ideas and views on material, be approached, in order to convert the knowledge to a coherent model? It is the goal of this paper to contribute to the development of a common approach to diverse datasets, ideas and interpretations that are involved in the creation of 3D reconstructions. The outline of our suggested approach is demonstrated though two case-studies differing in time and region, but revolving around the same research topics, showing that the approach is universally employable. Therefore, interdisciplinarity - one of the key principles of the Seville Charter - will be the leitmotif of this paper.
EXTENDING A MOBILE DEVICE WITH LOW-COST 3D MODELING AND BUILDING-SCALE MAPPING CAPABILITIES, FOR APPLICATION IN ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Ancona M. , Clini P. , Dellacasa A. , Falzone P. , La Camera A. , Quattrini R. , Sommariva E. , Stephens J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. One of the most challenging problem in architecture is the automated construction of 3D (and 4D) digital models of cultural objects with the aim of implementing open data repositories, scientifically authenticated and responding to well accepted standards of validation, evaluation, preservation, publication, updating and dissemination. The realization of such an ambitious objective requires the adoption of special technological instruments. In this paper we plan to use portable devices (i.e. smartphones, tablets or PDAs eventually extended to wearable ones), extended with a small plug-in, for automatically extracting 3D models of single objects and building-scale mapping of the surrounding environment. At the same time, the device will provide the capability of inserting notes and observations. Where the instrument cannot be directly applied, for example for exploring the top of a complex building, we consider mounting our device, or using equivalent existing equipment, on a drone, in a modular approach for obtaining data de-facto interchangeable. The approach based on the expansion packs has the advantage of anticipating (or even promoting) future extensions of new mobile devices, when the spectrum of possible applications justify the corresponding increased costs. In order to experiment and verify this approach we plan to test it in two specific scenarios of the cultural heritage domain in which such devices seem particularly promising: Strada Nuova in Genoa and Palazzo Ducale in Urbino, both located in Italy.
BUILT BY ALGORITHMS – STATE OF THE ART REPORT ON PROCEDURAL MODELING –
Authors: Schinko C. , Krispel U. , Ullrich T. , Fellner D.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The idea of generative modeling is to allow the generation of highly complex objects based on a set of formal construction rules. Using these construction rules, a shape is described by a sequence of processing steps, rather than just by the result of all applied operations: Shape design becomes rule design. Due to its very general nature, this approach can be applied to any domain and to any shape representation that provides a set of generating functions. The aim of this report is to give an overview of the concepts and techniques of procedural and generative modeling as well as their applications with a special focus on Archaeology and Architecture.
EMERGENCY SURVEY OF REMOTE AND ENDANGERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Authors: Fassi F. , Rossi C. , Mandelli A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The paper describes the survey activities of the late Roman archaeological site of Umm al-Dabadib (Egypt). The interesting casestudy can be taken as an example in case of emergency surveys, as this method allows the complete 3D acquisition of a vast and complex area in a very short time and with the aid of simple instruments.
FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH KINECT V2 SENSOR FOR CLOSE RANGE 3D MODELLING
Authors: Lachat E. , Macher H. , Mittet M.-A. , Landes T. , Grussenmeyer P.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. RGB-D cameras, also known as range imaging cameras, are a recent generation of sensors. As they are suitable for measuring distances to objects at high frame rate, such sensors are increasingly used for 3D acquisitions, and more generally for applications in robotics or computer vision. This kind of sensors became popular especially since the Kinect v1 (Microsoft) arrived on the market in November 2010. In July 2014, Windows has released a new sensor, the Kinect for Windows v2 sensor, based on another technology as its first device. However, due to its initial development for video games, the quality assessment of this new device for 3D modelling represents a major investigation axis. In this paper first experiences with Kinect v2 sensor are related, and the ability of close range 3D modelling is investigated. For this purpose, error sources on output data as well as a calibration approach are presented.
Brief Communication: The effect of submerged vents on probabilistic hazard assessment for tephra fallout
Authors: Tonini R. , Sandri L. , Costa A. , Selva J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Many volcanic systems are partially or entirely submerged, implying that vents may open underwater. The effect of submerged vents on probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (PVHA) for tephra fallout has always been neglected, introducing potentially uncontrolled biases. We present a strategy to quantify the effect of submerged vents on PVHA for tephra fallout, based on a simplified empirical model in which the efficiency of tephra production decreases as a function of the water depth above the eruptive vent. The method is then applied to Campi Flegrei caldera, comparing its results to those of two reference end-member models and their statistical mixing.
Effects of rodent-induced land degradation on ecosystem carbon fluxes in an alpine meadow in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Peng F. , Quangang Y. , Xue X. , Guo J. , Wang T.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The widespread land degradation in an alpine meadow ecosystem would affect ecosystem carbon (C) balance. Biomass, soil chemical properties and carbon dioxide (CO2) of six levels of degraded lands (D1–D6, according to the number of rodent holes and coverage) were investigated to examine the effects of rodent-induced land degradation on an alpine meadow ecosystem. Soil organic carbon (SOC), labile soil carbon (LC), total nitrogen (TN) and inorganic nitrogen (N) were obtained by chemical analysis. Soil respiration (Rs), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were measured by a Li-Cor 6400XT. Gross ecosystem production (GEP) was the sum of NEE and ER. Aboveground biomass (AGB) was based on a linear regression with coverage and plant height as independent variables. Root biomass (RB) was obtained by using a core method. Soil respiration, ER, GEP and AGB were significantly higher in slightly degraded (D3 and D6, group I) than in severely degraded land (D1, D2, D4 and D5, group II). Positive values of NEE average indicate that the alpine meadow ecosystem is a weak C sink during the growing season. The only significant difference was in ER among different degradation levels. Rs, ER and GEP were 38.2, 44.3 and 46.5% higher in group I than in group II, respectively. Similar difference of ER and GEP between the two groups resulted in an insignificant difference of NEE. Positive correlations of AGB with ER, NEE and GEP, and relatively small AGB and lower CO2 fluxes in group II, suggest the control of AGB on ecosystem CO2 fluxes. Correlations of RB with SOC, LC, TN and inorganic N indicate the regulation of RB on soil C and N with increasing number of rodent holes in an alpine meadow ecosystem in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP).
Recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alt Palància, del Camp de Morvedre i per la plana baixa: des de Sot de Ferrer i Algimia de la Baronía a Algar de Palància, Azuébar, Xóvar i a Eslida
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 6 de desembre de 2013. Aquest itinerari geològic i mineralògic, discorrerà íntegrament dintre del Sistema Ibèric. Tot i així, malgrat trobar-se força lluny de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, encara es troba afectada per fractures de direcció catalana. Efectivament, al llarg del recorregut, anirem trobant diverses estructures d´arrumbament clarament català.Per d´altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut es situarà dintre dels denominats relleus triàsics de Sagunt (RIBA et altri, 1976), del Sistema Ibèric. Així, en la major part dels trajectes anirem trobant afloraments dels diferents materials triàsics.Al principi, per les immediacions de Sot de Ferrer, predominaran els materials del Keuper (amb afloraments de guixos i argiles); mentre que a la part central del recorregut, entre Xóvar i Eslida, predominaran els materials del Buntsandsteim (amb gresos rogencs). Tot i així, durant la major par del recorregut, anirem trobant uns i altres. Tanmateix trobarem afloraments carbonatats del Muschelkalk. Tot i així, en aquest recorregut, també trobarem afloraments dels materials carbonatats del Juràssic, prop d´Alfara d´Algimia, situats entre aquests relleus triàsics de Sagunt.Finalment, cal dir que aquest itinerari transitarà per tres comarques del País Valencià. S´iniciarà a la comarca de l´Alt Palància (per les immediacions de Sot de Ferrer), continuarà per la del Camp de Morvedre (pel voltants d´Algar d´Algimia). Posteriorment, tornarà a entrar a la comarca de l´Alt Palància (per on s´efectuarà el recorregut més llarg, entre Soneja i Chovar). Tot i així, el recorregut finalitzarà a la comarca de la Plana Baixa, per les immediacions d´Eslida.
Recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alt Palància: des de Sot de Ferrer i Segorbe/Sogorb a la vall de Almonacid, Navajas, Jérica / Xérica, Caudiel, a Higueras / Figueres i a Pavías / Pavíes
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 8 de desembre del 2103. Aquest itinerari geològic i mineralògic, discorrerà íntegrament dintre del Sistema Ibèric. I més concretament, bona part del recorregut es situarà dintre dels denominats relleus triàsics de Sagunt (RIBA et altri, 1976), del Sistema Ibèric. Així, en la major part dels trajectes anirem trobant afloraments dels diferents materials triàsics. Tot i això, també trobarem afloraments dels materials del Juràssic i del Cretàcic. Ocasionalment, cap a la fi del recorregut. També trobarem afloraments dels materials paleozoics del Carbonífer.Per d´altra banda, cal dir que tot i així, malgrat trobar-se força lluny de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, aquesta zona encara es troba afectada per fractures de direcció catalana. Efectivament, al llarg del recorregut, anirem trobant diverses estructures d´arrumbament clarament català, de direccions predominants NE – SW i NNE – SSW. Aquestes direccions són perpendiculars amb les ibèriques (NW – SE).Al principi, per les immediacions de Sot de Ferrer, predominaran els materials del Keuper (amb afloraments de guixos i argiles). Després anirem trobant afloraments dels altres trams del Triàsic, així com del Juràssic i del CretàcicFinalment, cal dir que aquest itinerari transitarà per una sola comarca del País Valencià, concretament per la de l´Alt Palància. Així s´iniciarà a Sot de Ferrer per a finalitzar al terme de Pavías / Pavíes, molt prop de les comarques de la Plana Baixa i de l´Alt Millars, també valencianes.
Recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques dels Ports i del Matarranya: des del Port de Torre Miró a Mont-roig/Monroyo i a Valjunquera
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 16 de març del 2014. També en aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica.Així, en el primer tram del recorregut, entre el Port de Torre Miró i les immediacions de la Pobla d´Alcolea, el recorregut transitarà per la Serralada Ibèrica., encara que dintre de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç de la Serralada Ibèrica amb la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana. La resta del recorregut, es farà per la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, encara que dintre de la denominada Zona de l´Avant País Plegat, en els primers trams d´aquest recorregut, pels voltants de Mont-roig / Montroyo. Tot i així, entre la Sorollera i Rafels, tallarem de nou el Sistema Ibèric, concretament la làmina d’encavalcament de Foz- Calanda – Serra de la Ginebrosa.Per d’altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari, es realitzarà per dues comarques: s´iniciarà a la dels Ports (de la Regió de Castelló), per a finalitzar a del Matarranya (de la Regió de Tortosa).
Revalidation of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 with description of three new species and discovery of a remarkable male palpal character (Araneae, Zodariidae)
Authors: Jocqué Rudy , Henrard Arnaud
Published: March 2015

The genus name Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 is considered available and valid, with A. spinulosum Denis, 1966 as its type species. The genus is characterized by the presence of ventral rows of long setae on the femora, large anterior median eyes and a large, dorsal, crater-like pit on the cymbium. Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyschenko, 1968 is removed from its synonymy and now only contains its type species Z. surprisum Andreeva & Tyschenko, 1968. Three new Acanthinozodium species are described: A. crateriferum sp. nov. (♂♀) from Ethiopia, A. sahelense sp. nov. (♂♀) from a wide range in the Sahel region and A. quercicola sp. nov. (♂) from Morocco. The genus appears to have a large distribution in and around the Sahara. The possible function of the cymbial pit is discussed.
Unusually loud ambient noise in tidewater glacier fjords: A signal of ice melt
Authors: Pettit Erin Christine , Lee Kevin Michael , Brann Joel Palmer , Nystuen Jeffrey Aaron , Wilson Preston Scot , O'Neel Shad
Published: March 2015

In glacierized fjords, the ice‐ocean boundary is a physically and biologically dynamic environment that is sensitive to both glacier flow and ocean circulation. Ocean ambient noise offers insight into processes and change at the ice‐ocean boundary. Here we characterize fjord ambient noise and show that the average noise levels are louder than nearly all measured natural oceanic environments (significantly louder than sea ice and nonglacierized fjords). Icy Bay, Alaska, has an annual average sound pressure level of 120 dB (referenced to 1 μPa) with a broad peak between 1000 and 3000 Hz. Bubble formation in the water column as glacier ice melts is the noise source, with variability driven by fjord circulation patterns. Measurements from two additional fjords, in Alaska and Antarctica, support that this unusually loud ambient noise in Icy Bay is representative of glacierized fjords. These high noise levels likely alter the behavior of marine mammals.
Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Freissinet C. , Glavin D. P. , Mahaffy P. R. , Miller K. E. , Eigenbrode J. L. , Summons R. E. , Brunner A. E. , Buch A. , Szopa C. , Archer P. D. , Franz H. B. , Atreya S. K. , Brinckerhoff W. B. , Cabane M. , Coll P. , Conrad P. G. , Des Marais D. J. , Dworkin J. P. , Fairén A. G. , François P. , Grotzinger J. P. , Kashyap S. , ten Kate I. L. , Leshin L. A. , Malespin C. A. , Martin M. G. , Martin‐Torres F. J. , McAdam A. C. , Ming D. W. , Navarro‐González R. , Pavlov A. A. , Prats B. D. , Squyres S. W. , Steele A. , Stern J. C. , Sumner D. Y. , Sutter B. , Zorzano M.‐P. ,   the MSL Science Team
Published: March 2015

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is designed to conduct inorganic and organic chemical analyses of the atmosphere and the surface regolith and rocks to help evaluate the past and present habitability potential of Mars at Gale Crater. Central to this task is the development of an inventory of any organic molecules present to elucidate processes associated with their origin, diagenesis, concentration, and long‐term preservation. This will guide the future search for biosignatures. Here we report the definitive identification of chlorobenzene (150–300 parts per billion by weight (ppbw)) and C2 to C4 dichloroalkanes (up to 70 ppbw) with the SAM gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) and detection of chlorobenzene in the direct evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode, in multiple portions of the fines from the Cumberland drill hole in the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay. When combined with GCMS and EGA data from multiple scooped and drilled samples, blank runs, and supporting laboratory analog studies, the elevated levels of chlorobenzene and the dichloroalkanes cannot be solely explained by instrument background sources known to be present in SAM. We conclude that these chlorinated hydrocarbons are the reaction products of Martian chlorine and organic carbon derived from Martian sources (e.g., igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological) or exogenous sources such as meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles.