bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLAP: Uma Ferramenta para a Implantação de Aplicações de HPC nas Nuvens Computacionais
Authors: Napoli Otávio Oliveira , Borin Edson
Published: August 2021

Com o grande aumento do uso da computação em nuvem em diversas áreas de pesquisa, novos desafios para a comunidade de computação de alto desempenho emergem. Desta forma, ferramentas para automação de todo o fluxo de trabalho, incluindo a implantação e execução das aplicações em máquinas virtuais e a coleta de resultado das mesmas se mostram cada vez mais necessárias. Neste contexto, introduzimos o CLAP (Cloud Application Platform), uma ferramenta projetada para automatizar a criação de aglomerados em múltiplas nuvens computacionais e a implantação de aplicações de alto desempenho nos mesmos, de maneira simples, rápida e eficiente, utilizando tecnologias atuais do estado da arte.
Análises iniciais para otimização da técnica GARN
Authors: Silva Jhonatan , Cordeiro Daniel , Cohen Johanne
Published: August 2021

GARN é uma técnica desenvolvida para prever estruturas 3D de RNAs, e utiliza conceitos de teoria dos jogos em seu algoritmo. Os autores do estudo sugerem uma otimização da técnica, realizando novas análises. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar os passos iniciais desenvolvidos para essa otimização. Foram realizadas análises sobre estruturas 3D obtidas em laboratório, e aplicadas nas configurações do jogo. Estão presentes nesse artigo alguns resultados preliminares decorrentes dessas alterações.
Darwin: uma framework de otimização clusterizável
Authors: Rusa Henrique A. , Kruger Kleber , Azevedo Rodolfo
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos Darwin, uma ferramenta de otimização de aplicações a partir do uso de algoritmos meta-heurísticos. A ferramenta dispõe de três otimizações: algoritmo genético, particle swarm e evolução diferencial. Conta também com dois backends para execução, o primeiro focado no uso de um cluster e o segundo no uso de recursos computacionais locais. Utilizou-se o simulador de arquitetura x86 Sniper com o benchmark Parsec, otimizando-se parâmetros de cache, para validar a ferramenta desenvolvida. Ao final, avalia-se que a ferramenta permite a otimização utilizando somente algoritmos de forma simplificada e paralelizável.
Unlawful Content Online
Authors: Ullrich Carsten
Published: August 2021

Illegal content remains a persistent and growing issue on the internet. This book reviews seven problematic areas - defamation, hate speech, terrorist content, copyright, counterfeit, unsafe products and food - to illustrate that the fight against unlawful content on online platforms in the EU is hampered by fragmented and outdated laws. Meanwhile, the global internet companies that govern our digital spaces enforce their own policies, based on commercial objectives, and with secondary regard for public values and individuals’ rights. The book subsequently charts out a solution of how EU lawmakers can bring social media and the like to take on adequate responsibilities for protecting users and public interests. The author argues that a safety-by-design approach, supported by technical standards, can be an effective way for implementing these new duties. Carsten Ullrich is a legal researcher at the University of Luxembourg, where he works on the regulation of digital technologies.

The doctoral thesis on which this book is based was awarded the Rolf Tarrach Prize 2021 for the best dissertation in Luxembourg.
Nonverbal Communication through Facial Expression in Diverse Conditions
Authors: Goyani Mahesh
Published: August 2021

In this chapter, we investigated computer vision technique for facial expression recognition, which increase both - the recognition rate and computational efficiency. Local and global appearance-based features are combined in order to incorporate precise local texture and global shapes. We proposed Multi-Level Haar (MLH) feature based system, which is simple and fast in computation. The driving factors behind using the Haar were its two interesting properties - signal compression and energy preservation. To depict the importance of facial geometry, we first segmented the facial components like eyebrows, eye, and mouth, and then applied feature extraction on these facial components only. Experiments are conducted on three well known publicly available expression datasets CK, JAFFE, TFEID and in-house WESFED dataset. The performance is measured against various template matching and machine learning classifiers. We achieved highest recognition rate for proposed operator with Discriminant Analysis Classifier. We studied the performance of proposed approach in several scenarios like expression recognition from low resolution, recognition from small training sample space, recognition in the presence of noise and so forth.
The Development Biology Authentic Learning of Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Secondary), Thailand
Authors: Bunnaen Wutthisak
Published: August 2021

This chapter presents the “Development of Authentic Biology Learning Activities, Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Secondary)” research study. The study included a sample group of 160 students in Grade 10 at Mahasarakham University (MSU) Demonstration School (Secondary), Thailand, divided via purposive sampling into an experimental group of 80 students and a control group of 80 students. The experimental group used authentic learning techniques to study biology, whereas the control group used normal learning to study the same subject. The study used a quasi-experimental design to assess biology knowledge after learning in both groups as well as the experimental group’s attitude towards the active learning method. The instruments used include a set of authentic biology learning activities, biology knowledge tests, and an attitude questionnaire. Results show that students in the experimental group increased their knowledge of biology after engaging in authentic learning and had a positive attitude about learning via this method. Authentic learning activities in biology give students a better understanding of the subject, evidenced by higher knowledge test scores after authentic learning, and thus is an effective way to organize learning activities for students not only in biology but in other courses of study as well.
A New Paradigm in the Delivery of Modernizing Agricultural Technologies across Africa
Authors: L. Woomer Paul , M. Mulei Welissa , M. Zozo Rachel
Published: August 2021

This Chapter describes the approach and impacts of the Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation (TAAT) Program. TAAT is an operational framework based upon collaboration between the African Development Bank, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and many other partners. This Program is designed to deliver modernizing agricultural technologies as a means of achieving food and nutritional security, and to boost employment and agricultural exports across Africa. TAAT consists of nine Commodity Compacts that have assembled technology toolkits for use in development programs and six specialized Enablers that help them to do so. These commodities are rice, maize, wheat, sorghum, millet, cassava, sweet potato, common beans, fish, and small livestock. The Enablers provide policy support, youth empowerment, capacity development, irrigation and soil fertility expertise, and control of invasive pests. Together these Compacts and Enablers design and conduct collaborative agricultural development projects in partnership with national counterparts. To date, TAAT has staged 88 interventions in 31 African countries, including the incorporation of customized technology toolkits within country loan projects of major development banks. Over three years, these efforts have reached about 10.6 million adopter households and increased food supply by 12 million tons worth over US $763 million, resulting in substantial improvements in smallholder farmer’s food supply (0.75 MT yr.−1) or income ($128 yr.−1). Environmental gains in terms of carbon offset average 0.74 MT CO2e yr.−1 per adopter household, an outcome indicative of positive combined rural development and climate actions. This Chapter describes how these technology toolkits are designed, deployed and evaluated, and how TAAT is becoming a leading mechanism for agricultural innovation delivery across Africa. This evaluation is limited to eight critical field crops and does not consider animal enterprises or the strategic roles of TAAT Enablers, two other important activities within the larger Program.
Innovation Methodologies to Activate Inclusive Growth in the Organization
Authors: Carranza Ruiz de Loizaga Garazi , Sanchez Gonzalez Begoña
Published: August 2021

Digitalization is transforming the way we move and produce, encouraging the industry to use the best available technologies focusing on people. Non technological innovations, especially, Workplace Innovation (WI) will play a key role in the digital revolution and acceleration of the technological advances, improving the competitiveness of the companies. This draws attention to the importance of the innovation culture and employee engagement focused on improving employee motivation and working conditions, thereby improving labor productivity, organizational efficiency, innovation capacity, market reactivity, and, as a result, business competitiveness. WI is a combination of structural and cultural practices that boosts employees’ participation, improving the quality of work and organizational performance. These strategies aim to promote innovative work behavior to create, introduce and apply new ideas, processes and products. To address these issues this chapter analyses WI in rail sector and defines WI Scheme for rail sector. A theoretical background is presented based on a sample of 203 railway entities across European Union (EU). Then, data analysis and results are examined and the guide to implement WI scheme is defined. Finally, the results of the research, including limitations and concluding remarks are discussed.
Climate Smart Crops for Food Security
Authors: Rashid Saima , Bin Mushtaq Muhammad , Farooq Iqra , Khan Zulqurnain
Published: August 2021

After ensuring the food security for over 50 years, the green revolution is eventually reaching its biological limits which are very much reflected by the ongoing stagnancy in yield increased over the past few decades. Meeting the increasing food demands due to increasing population is the greatest challenge for today’s plant scientists. Changing climatic conditions are posing additional threats to crop growth, productivity and yield. After successfully deploying gene editing to modify simple traits, scientists are now embarked on more ambitious adventures in genomics to combat challenges of food security in the wake of increasing population and climate change adversaries. The chapter outlines use of new technologies in tailoring crops beyond simple traits aiming to harvest the desired diversity lost during domestication and manipulating complex traits, which evolved over evolutionary timescale with special emphasis on the development of climate smart crops.
Novel Ways of Discovering, Capturing and Experiencing Cultural Heritage: A Review of Current State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Pappa Dimitra , Makropoulos Constantin
Published: August 2021

The present chapter investigates the emerging paradigm of cultural heritage experience, as shaped by the continuous advances in information technologies. Recent years have seen the growing digitisation of cultural heritage, leveraged by innovative information technologies (imaging technologies, multimedia, virtual reality etc.). Advanced digitisation, and digital preservation and accessibility have been instrumental in transforming conservation and scientific research methods in the field of cultural heritage, as well as people’s experience of cultural heritage assets, relics, and monuments. Digitisation and immersion technologies are already in use in the context of cultural tourism in museums and on location. At the same time, a manifold of new applications and services can be generated from the adoption and adaptation of relevant technologies already applied in other sectors (e.g. 2D/3D digital scanning technologies applied in the construction industry). The present chapter will provide a thorough review of relevant digital technologies and existing work in the field, highlighting important research efforts and achievements; and will discuss the current challenges and promising avenues for future work. Following a literature review methodology, our research will provide a critical appraisal of carefully selected work from recent scientific literature and contribute to the systematisation of the current knowledge in the field towards the identification of key challenges and the extraction of new insights in terms of potential for practical applications and future research directions in the area.
Effect of Different Metals Doped in Nickel Oxide Nanomaterials on Electrochemical Capacitive Performance
Authors: Laxman Jadhav Amar , Laxman Jadhav Sharad , Vitthal Kadam Anamika
Published: August 2021

Recently, the various porous nano metal oxides used for the electrochemical energy storage supercapacitor applications. Some researchers focus on the binary as well as ternary metal oxides and more metal oxide complex composite materials used for the supercapacitors. In the review article focused on the effect of different metals doped in a nickel oxide nano material on the electrochemical capacitive performance, discussion on methodologies, charge storage mechanism, latest research articles and prepared nanostructures. Nowadays nickel oxide is developing electrode material for storage of charge due to its higher thermal stability, excellent chemical stability, cost effective materials, higher theoretical values of specific capacitance, naturally rich and environment friendliness material. The various metals doped in NiO and their composite oxides have shown good structural stability, reversible capacity, long cycling stability and have been also studied nano structured electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.
Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Dhayalan Manikandan , Karikalan Priadharsini , Riyaz Savaas Umar Mohammed , Srinivasan Nalini
Published: August 2021

Nanotechnology is a branch of science and engineering dedicated to materials, having dimensions in the order of nanometer scale and it has been widely used for the development of more efficient technology. Nanoparticles offer many benefits to bulk particles such as increased surface-to-volume ratio, and increased magnetic properties. In recent years, nanotechnology has been embraced by industrial sectors due to its applications in the field of electronic storage systems, biotechnology, magnetic separation and pre concentration of target analytes, targeted drug delivery, and vehicles for gene and drug delivery. Over the year’s nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanoreods, nanoshells, and nanocages have been continuously used and modified to enable their use as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in biomedical applications. Thus, In this chapter, introduction to metal nanoparticles, synthesis (Chemical and green synthesis) and biomedical application silver nanoparticles are presented.
Semi-Intrinsic Luminescence in Marine Organisms
Authors: Mirza Jeremy , Oba Yuichi
Published: August 2021

Light emission is widespread in the oceans, with over three quarters of all observed marine species exhibiting bioluminescence. Several organisms such as the copepod Metridia pacifica and the ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii have been proven to synthesise their luciferin and luciferase to facilitate light emission. However, many luminescent species lack the capability to do this and instead it is possible that they acquire some of the components for their luminescence through predation or filter feeding on organisms that produce luciferins or precursors to these molecules. This has resulted in many organisms using certain luciferins, such as coelenterazine, as their substrate without possessing a clear mechanism to synthesise these. This chapter will review several examples of these semi-intrinsic luminescent systems and how the substrates and enzymes can be obtained for these reactions. Moreover, it will look at why particular luciferins, such as coelenterazine, are more widespread and utilised in this manner compared to other substrates.
A Call to Action: Incentivizing Arsenic Remediation
Authors: K. Bancewicz Bartlomiej
Published: August 2021

Arsenic is a threat to human health. Long-term Arsenic exposure can lead to numerous cancers and non-carcinogenic diseases. Over 230 million across 107 countries are drinking groundwater Arsenic concentrations above the maximum concentration limit of 10 μg/L. The number of affected individuals is expected to rise in parallel with a growing dependence on groundwater, driven by diminishing surface water quality and quantity. A growing number of people will come in contact with Arsenic-contaminated water at new locations, while excessive pumping, geogenic processes, and industrial sources raise Arsenic concentrations at active groundwater sites. It is time to begin implementing Arsenic remediation techniques to save human lives, boost the global economy, and instill the foundations of a global collaborative framework. The continued research and development of remediation technologies is crucial, but these technologies will remain ineffective unless implemented. This chapter reviews the ongoing Arsenic crisis and suggests a simplified plan of action for resolving this problem. This is a transcontinental endeavor, which must begin with world leaders identifying and engaging new stakeholders. This will require education and awareness campaigns to boost involvement of the public sector, private sector, and the general public.
Bricolage and Growth Hacking: Two Smart Concepts of Creating a Business Lacking Resources
Authors: Baaken Thomas , Liu Liguang , Lapornik Lea
Published: August 2021

The chapter presents two smart concepts of creating a new business without or with only low budget. Thus, it applies particularly e.g., for either students, refugees and/or people from developing countries. “Bricolage” stands for a behaviour in which the actor solves problems using only available resources. Contrary to the resource-creating mentality, only the resources of the repertoire at hand are used. “Growth Hacking” as a new method, using digital approaches in particular, can achieve high sales in a short time. The relevance of data-driven marketing within the framework of a growth strategy. Working primarily with data is a promising strategy for companies that can effectively, efficiently and cost effectively using online tools or online-offline combinations to achieve their growth objectives. Thus, the two concepts are complementing each other by dedication to two different stages of a start-up process. Bricolage for creating the start-up and Growth Hacking for getting it successfully to the market and make it grow sustainably. The Chapter is describing the two concepts and their interdependence by offering a conceptual framework.
Incorporation of Novel Elements in Bioactive Glass Compositions to Enhance Implant Performance
Authors: N. Oliver Joy-anne , Akande Olanrewaju , Ecker Melanie
Published: August 2021

Increasing popularities of bioactive-glasses and their potential medical applications have led to countless studies into improving their material characteristics and overall performance. Some scientists hope to create new bioactive-glass compositions, while others seek to merely modify existing ones such as the novel 45S5 bioactive-glass composition; created by Dr. Larry Hench. These modifications aim to address potential complications that may arise at a site following implantation such as bacterial infections. In other cases, the incorporation of a selected element or compound may aim to improve the implant functioning by increasing cell proliferation. Although possibilities are plentiful, researchers avoid compromising the typical bioactive glass characteristics when doping with elements such as silver, or gold to achieve additional properties. This chapter elaborates on the incorporation of popular elements by doping bioactive-glass compositions to introduce desired properties based on the implant application.
Perceptual Attributes of Human-Like Animal Stickers as Nonverbal Cues Encoding Social Expressions in Virtual Communication
Authors: Jiang Xiaoming
Published: August 2021

Communicative expression is a cross-species phenomenon. We investigated the perceptual attributes of social expressions encoded in human-like animal stickers commonly used as nonverbal communicative tools on social media (e.g. WeChat). One hundred and twenty animal stickers which varied in 12 categories of social expressions (serving pragmatic or emotional functions), 5 animal kinds (cats, dogs, ducks, rabbits, pigs) and 2 presented forms (real animal vs. cartoon animal) were presented to social media users, who were asked to rate on the human likeness, the cuteness, the expressiveness and the matchness of each intended expression against the given label. The data shows that the kind of animal that is expected to best encode a certain expression is modulated by its presented forms. The “cuteness” stereotype towards a certain kind of animal is sometimes violated as a function of the presented forms. Moreover, user’s gender, interpersonal sensitivity and attitudes towards the ethic use of animals modulated various perceptual attributes. These findings highlight the factors underlying the decoding of social meanings in human-like animal stickers as nonverbal cues in virtual communication.
Personalised Precision Medicine - A Novel Approach for Oral Cancer Management
Authors: Jatti Patil Deepa , Nagaraju Rakesh
Published: August 2021

Oral Cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck region. Despite technological advancements and improvements in Oral cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate remains low and is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate especially when detected at a later stage. The empirical therapy followed for the treatment of oral cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The treatments are not equally efficacious for all patients, are associated with side effects and poor prognosis. The need of the hour is early diagnosis and tailored treatment therapies for individual patients. With the advent of immunotherapy, the cancer treatment has moved toward personalised precision medicine which tailors’ treatments to each individual. Personalised precision medicine incorporates, molecular profiling of tumours with OMICS technology, biomarkers and companion diagnostics to build databases of patients and devise tailor made treatment approaches for individual patients. This article discusses the role of precision medicine in OSCC prevention, detection, and management by reviewing our understanding of OC from both genetic and OMICS perspectives.
Behavioral Modeling Paradigm for More Electric Aircraft Power Electronic Converters
Authors: Ali Husan
Published: August 2021

To control the power flow among various energy sources and loads of a power system of modern more electric aircrafts, power electronics converters are employed. The integration of multiple sources into distribution system and their interconnection with variety of loads through power electronic converters results in a complex dynamic system. Modeling of these systems prior to implementation becomes necessary to analyze and predict system’s behavior. The classical modeling approaches require detail knowledge about the topology and parameters of the active and passive components of the power electronics converters. While in modern system, most of the power electronics converters are ready to use power electronics modules. These modules come from different manufacturers, lacking the necessary information to build the conventional switch or average models. The chapter would cover dynamic behavioral modeling technique for power electronics systems to be employed in more electric aircrafts, which do not require any prior information about the internal details of the system.
Cryopreservation and Its Application in Aquaculture
Authors: Betsy C Judith , C Siva , Sampath Kumar J Stephen
Published: August 2021

Aquaculture is the major aquatic animal production segment. Problems like inbreeding depression, genetic drift, introgressive hybridization, etc. have been influencing the production of quality seeds negatively. Cryopreservation serves as a way-out for these problems and a possible answer to produce quality seeds and genetically improved varieties. It has been considered as a major strategy for conservation of fish genetic resources. Cryopreservation of fish gametes has been in vogue since 1953 and the technology is well studied and validated for many species. So far the milt of 200 fish species has been cryopreserved successfully. In this chapter, the importance of aquaculture in overcoming malnutrition, genetic issues affecting quality seed production, cryopreservation protocol employed for various fish species, problems faced in cryopreserving fish eggs and embryos and future of cryopreservation in aquaculture have been discussed.
Fabrication of Multi-Layered Zn-Fe Alloy Coatings for Better Corrosion Performance
Authors: S. Bhat Ramesh
Published: August 2021

Zn-Fe compositionally modulated multilayer alloy (CMMA) coatings were developed onto low carbon steel from acid sulphate bath; and their corrosion resistance was calculated using Tafel polarization and impedance methods. The deposit layers were formed galvanostatically by single bath technique (SBT), using square current pulses. An optimal configuration for the growth of most corrosion resistant Zn-Fe coating was proposed and discussed. At maximum switching cathode current density (SCCD) (2.0–5.0 A dm−2), the deposit with 300 layers showed ~43 times superior corrosion resistance than the same thickness of monolayer coating. The improved corrosion resistance of multilayered coatings is due to small change in iron content, leading to change the phase structure of the alternate-layers of the alloy coatings. The surface morphology and structure of film and roughness of the deposit were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Thus, superior corrosion resistance of Zn-Fe multilayer coatings was used for industrial applications including defense, machinery and automobile etc.
Condições socioeconômicas de pescadoras artesanais e agricultoras familiares: o caso do lago Maicá, Santarém, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Wandicleia Lopes de , Serrão Elizabete De Matos , Vieira Thiago Almeida
Published: August 2021

O estudo objetivou descrever as condições socioeconômicas das pescadoras artesanais e agricultoras familiares dos bairros Maicá e Pérola do Maicá, em Santarém, Pará, Brasil. A pesquisa se deu a partir de uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. A média de idade das pescadoras artesanais e das agricultoras familiares foi de 48,4 (±8,6) anos e 46,3 (±6,4) anos (respectivamente). A maioria é oriunda de comunidades rurais de Santarém e das cidades vizinhas e possui apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto, o que corrobora a fragilidade do acesso à educação nessas comunidades. Além disso, as mulheres descreveram que vivem em ambiente com infraestrutura vulnerável e de pouco acesso às políticas públicas. Possuem renda média de R$ 1.124,50 entre as pescadoras, e entre as agricultoras uma média de R$ 1.800,30. Essa pesquisa subsidia discussões sobre modelos de desenvolvimento adotados na região amazônica e para elaboração de políticas públicas que ordenem o desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental desse território.
Segurança alimentar de famílias extrativistas de açaí na Amazônia oriental brasileira: o caso da Ilha das Cinzas
Authors: Dos Santos Erick Silva , Ramos Claudia Azevedo- , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro
Published: August 2021

A vulnerabilidade de povos extrativistas da Amazônia à insegurança alimentar (IA) ainda é invisível nas estatísticas oficiais. Este estudo determinou o nível de IA e suas causas em famílias extrativistas de açaí da Ilha das Cinzas, Gurupá, Pará, Brasil. A IA foi avaliada na entressafra do fruto açaí (dezembro a fevereiro de 2019), usando a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. De 31 famílias amostradas, cerca de 65% possuíram segurança alimentar e cerca de 35% das famílias apresentaram insegurança leve a severa. A variável “produção/consumo agrícola familiar local” foi negativamente relacionada com a IA. O açaí continua prevalente na dieta e na geração de renda das famílias. A presença de alimentos industrializados e ultraprocessados (ricos em gordura, em conservantes artificiais, em açúcar e em sal) na dieta de populações extrativistas espelha as mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, também observadas, de forma geral, na população brasileira. Populações extrativistas amazônicas devem ser mais bem acompanhadas, quanto à incidência de IA.
Efficacy of Donepezil in Improving Cognitive Impairment Induced by Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Mood Disorders: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Zarean Elham , Sedehi Morteza , Heshmati Yalda
Published: August 2021

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective strategy in the treatment of mood disorders; however, it is associated with some cognitive complications. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of donepezil as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in improving cognitive impairment induced by ECT in mood disorder patients. Methods: Ninety-six mood disorder patients were randomly assigned to the donepezil (5mg/day) or placebo groups. The Persian versions of the Mini-Mental Status examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) were used to evaluate cognitive performance before the first ECT session, after the fourth ECT session, and four weeks after the last ECT session. Results: The mean scores of MMSE and ACE-R revealed significant improvement in the donepezil group over time (P < 0.001). All ACE-R subscales increased significantly following the intervention implementation in the donepezil group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the donepezil group reported no remarkable complications and completed the study. Conclusions: Donepezil co-administration with ECT may improve the ECT-induced cognitive disturbances.
Notes on Miki Kiyoshi’s Anthropological Humanism and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Stromback Dennis ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: August 2021

This article argues for the importance of using Miki Kiyoshi’s anthropological humanism as a theoretical resource for confronting the unfolding ecological crisis. What makes Miki’s anthropological humanism valuable towards this end, in particular, is in the way he blends multiple theoretical discourses—particularly Nishida and Marx—which speak to the concerns espoused by Deep Ecology and Marxist approaches to environmental philosophy. Unlike other Kyoto School thinkers deployed in the service of building an environmental ethics in recent years, Miki’s philosophical work offers social-economic alternatives to the problem of capitalism within a non-dual framework that seeks to be non-dogmatic. This article will discuss how Miki’s anthropological humanism can enrich those conversations taking place within the “green” and “red” movements by providing them with insights by which to contest and overcome anthropocentric views of reality and the system of capitalism believed to be responsible for the environmental destruction we see today.
Begging the Question Against a Peer?
Authors: Kotilainen Konsta ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

A dialectical conception of justification helps conciliationists about peer disagreement establish the symmetry considerations on which their account is premised. On this conception, appeals to personal or hidden forms of evidence fail to provide a symmetry breaker that would allow one to dismiss a conflicting peer opinion. Furthermore, the act of citing the same evidence repetitively tends to illegitimately beg the question against the peer, no matter how accurate one’s own overall assessment of this evidence. However, the dialectical conception of justification does not automatically vindicate conciliationism. In many of the most interesting cases of peer disagreement there are vast bodies of dialectically sharable evidence that can ultimately provide enough non-question-begging epistemic resources to settle the dispute, even if appealing to those resources violates the independence requirement—a further premise of conciliationism. Absent modifications to the independence requirement, it would therefore be premature to embrace conciliationism.
Daily Life Activities of Children during the Pandemic
Authors: Yersel Beyhan Özge , Gunes Lugen Ceren , Durualp Ender
Published: August 2021

The aim of this descriptive study was to examine the views of parents with children between the ages of 3-6 on their children's daily life activities during the pandemic. The study sample was composed of 65 parents, among whom 60 were mothers, and five were fathers, who were selected with the snowball method and who had children between the ages of 3-6 and voluntarily participated in the study. The data were collected through the General Information Form and the Family Interview Form, which were developed in line with expert opinions. The collected data were analyzed using percentage and frequency values. The findings suggested that, during the pandemic, the children's family relationships were positively affected; the duration of using technological tools increased; the children started to wash their hands more carefully; and duration of activities, such as drawing and chores, and plays increased. It was also found that the children mostly preferred piece assembly games; their physical movement needs were not fully satisfied; and there was no change in their health conditions, self-care skills, diet, sleep patterns, interactive book reading, and purposes of using technology. In line with the findings, parents, experts were given specific recommendations.
A Qualitative Meta-Study of a Decade of the Holistic Ecological Approach to Talent Development
Authors: Feddersen Niels B. , Morris Robert , Ronkainen Noora , Sæther Stig Arve , Littlewood Martin , Richardson David
Published: August 2021

The Holistic-Ecological Approach (HEA) was introduced in 2010, and it is now important to provide a critical review after a decade of research elaborating on the framework. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the methodological and theoretical trends in research using the HEA in the study of athletic talent development environments (ATDE). We used a qualitative meta-study to review twelve studies published from 2010 to the first quarter of 2021. Our meta-theory analysis found that future studies should consider the use of Bronfenbrenner’s work on development and address previous critiques on its use since it can limit the potential of the HEA re-search. In the meta-methods, we found that all studies used multiple and varied data collection strategies (e.g., interviews, observations, organisational documents). We also found a high degree of transparency and rigour exemplified by using multiple validity strategies. Method weaknesses were an underrepresentation of neutral or negative cases. The meta-data analysis showed that most ATDEs were classified as successful or unsuccessful ahead of data collection, suggesting potential confirmation bias. We also found that all ATDEs had competing findings, which suggests a need for exploring negative or ambiguous findings. Future research could benefit from clarifying the use of underlying theoretical assumptions; contrasting findings with neutral cases, outliers, and negative cases to clarify the definition of successful ATDEs; and expanding on the methodological approach.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of earth materials in a weathering profile over the Kuantan Basalt, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Kuna Raj John
Published: August 2021

Three broad morphological zones can be differentiated at the weathering profile; the top, 3.80 m thick, pedological soil (zone I with sub-zones IA, IB and IC) comprising soft to stiff, brown clays and the bottom bedrock (zone III) being an outcrop of vesicular olivine basalt. The intermediate zone II (saprock) is 1.12 m thick and consists of brown, very stiff, sandy clayey silt with many lateritic concretions. Laboratory constant head permeability tests show the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to vary with depth; sub-zone IB having a conductivity of 0.007 cm/hr, and sub-zone IC (saprolite), and zone II (saprock), having conductivities of 0.147, and 0.447, cm/hr, respectively. The conductivity values show no correlation with physical properties of the earth materials, but increase with increasing sand, gravel, and silt, contents. The conductivity values also decrease with increasing clay and colloid contents. The low hydraulic conductivity of sub-zone IB will lead to surface runoff and ponding over natural ground surfaces during rainfall events, though over disturbed ground surfaces, infiltration is anticipated in view of exposed saprolite and saprock earth materials with relatively high conductivity
Problems of establishing facts by the courts necessary for making a procedural decision in pretrial stages
Authors: Nikitina Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: August 2021

The subject of this research is the problems caused by the absence of explicit regulations in the criminal procedure law on the rules for establishing facts by the courts necessary for decision-making, as well as recommendations for their solution. These problems include thee difficulties in determining the proper and acceptable procedural behavior of the court and the parties to criminal proceedings in pretrial stages, intricacies of making a procedural court decision in cases of failure of proof, ambivalence of the court's approaches demonstrated by the legislator and the highest judicial bodies (the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation ) pertinent to regulation of judicial activity in pre-trial stages, etc. Special attention is turned to the procedure of establishing facts by the court in pretrial stages in view of the special legal and social significance of the procedural decisions made by the court, which restrict the constitutional rights of the citizens and require most full guarantees of their justness. The result of the conducted research is reflected in the author’s recommendations for solution of the indicated issues. The conclusions lies in theoretical provisions on the possible legislative approaches towards determining the judicial activity in pre-trial proceedings based on the following principles: personalization (differentiation of the form depending on procedural status of the actors), simplification (no excessive formalization), variability (presence of several variants of the procedure, the application of which depends on the procedural situation and the purpose of activity of the court), application of actions regulate by the Criminal Procedure Code among other procedural acts available to the court and parties to the court hearing.
ZAGROŻENIA OSUWISKOWE W POLSKICH ODKRYWKOWYCH KOPALNIACH WĘGLA BRUNATNEGO, PRZYKŁADY PRZECIWDZIAŁANIA ORAZ MOŻLIWOŚCI ZASTOSOWANIA ZDALNEGO MONITORINGU W CELU OGRANICZENIA RYZYKA
Authors:   Poltegor-Instytut Instytut Górnictwa Odkrywkowego, ul. Parkowa 25, 51-616 Wrocław, Bednarczyk Zbigniew
Published: August 2021

Osuwiska w kopalniach odkrywkowych węgla brunatnego zmniejszają efektywność eksploatacji i mogą zagrażać środowisku. Przeciwdziałanie jest trudne ze względu na duże objętości osuwisk, prędkości przemieszczeń oraz głębokość eksploatacji. Szczególne znaczenie może mieć monitoring z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych metod pomiarowych. W celu przedstawienia specyficznych uwarunkowań geologiczno-inżynierskich oraz skali występujących zagrożeń, w pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano przykłady osuwisk w największych polskich kopalniach węgla brunatnego oraz metody przeciwdziałania. W drugiej części zaprezentowano rezultaty badań w projekcie UE RFCS Slopes „Inteligentne metody inżynierskie w kopalniach odkrywkowych węgla brunatnego”. W ramach projektu, realizowanego w sześciu krajach europejskich, autor wykonał badania na zachodnim zboczu Pola Bełchatów. W grudniu 2016 r. zainstalowano tam pierwszy w polskiej kopalni odkrywkowej zdalny system monitoringu osuwisk. Zlokalizowana na poziomie 42 m n.p.m. stacja umożliwia monitoring do głębokości 100 m. W ciągu 2,5 roku zaobserwowano przemieszczenia 280 mm do głębokości 45 m. Prace obejmowały wiercenia rdzeniowe, badania podstawowych parametrów fizycznych i wytrzymałościowych gruntów oraz modelowanie numeryczne. Stwierdzono tam niskie wartości Fs = 0,83–1,14. Interferometria satelitarna PSI w wysokiej rozdzielczości wykryła przemieszczenia do 60 mm. Partnerzy projektu Slopes wykonali skanowanie lotnicze LiDAR z użyciem drona oraz naziemne skanowanie laserowe TLS. W podsumowaniu określono możliwości wczesnego ostrzegania oraz uwarunkowania dotyczące zastosowania poszczególnych rodzajów pomiarów monitoringowych.
PERSPEKTYWY LOKOWANIA KAWERN MAGAZYNOWYCH WODORU W POKŁADOWYCH WYSTĄPIENIACH SOLI KAMIENNYCH GÓRNEGO PERMU (CECHSZTYN) W POLSCE – OCENA GEOLOGICZNA
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Czapowski Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

Podziemne magazynowanie wodoru jest opłacalną i bezpieczną formą magazynowania nośników energii, szczególnie przy fluktuacjach związanych z produkcją energii przez OZE. Instalacje wykorzystujące ten gaz do produkcji energii są przyjazne środowisku, gdyż źródłem jego pozyskiwania i spalania jest woda. Jednym z optymalnych miejsc takiego magazynowania są kawerny magazynowe, ługowane w grubych warstwach soli kamiennej, budujących wysady solne oraz wystąpienia pokładowe. Kawerny magazynowe wodoru, w odróżnieniu od tych magazynujących np. gaz ziemny, mogą mieć stosunkowo niewielkie wymiary i objętości, co pozwala lokować je w obrębie pokładowych wystąpień soli kamiennej. Zaletą pokładów solnych jest ich stosunkowo prosta budowa geologiczna, ułatwiająca ługowanie licznych kawern. Na podstawie danych dotyczących perspektywicznych wystąpień soli kamiennych górnego permu (cechsztynu) w Polsce wskazano w obrębie pokładowych wystąpień soli w północnej i południowo-zachodniej Polsce wiele obszarów i otworów wiertniczych, w których pokład soli sprzyja ulokowaniu kawern magazynowych wodoru. Przyjęto, że dla miejsc optymalnych miąższość pokładu soli wynosi >100 m, głębokość występowania jego stropu do 1 km, dla miejsc perspektywicznych zaś miąższość pokładu soli to >145 m, głębokość występowania stropu mieści się w przedziale 1–1,5 km. Łącznie wyróżniono i scharakteryzowano w wystąpieniach pokładowych cechsztyńskich soli kamiennych cyklotemów PZ1, PZ2 i PZ3 cechsztynu 9 obszarów optymalnych i 9 obszarów perspektywicznych, sprzyjających lokowaniu kawern magazynowych wodoru oraz 27 rozproszonych otworów optymalnych i 4 otwory perspektywiczne.
PIERWIASTKI ZIEM RZADKICH W WYBRANYCH SKAŁACH OBSZARU STRZELIN–GŁUCHOŁAZY
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Górnośląski, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Lasoń Krzysztof , Markowiak Marek ,   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Górnośląski, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec
Published: August 2021

W trakcie poszukiwań mineralizacji kruszcowej w morawsko-śląskiej strefie tektonicznej przebadano 312 próbek z 28 odkrywek. Wydzielono cztery odkrywki (Gierałcice, Górka Sobocka, Gęsiniec i Doboszowice), w których stwierdzono najwyższe zawartości REE. Szczegółowe badania wykazały, że granitoidy, aplity i żyły kwarcowe z Gierałcic oraz granitoidy z Górki Sobockiej charakteryzują się przeciętną zawartością pierwiastków ziem rzadkich, a podwyższone zawartości tych pierwiastków wykazują pojedyncze próbki pegmatytów, skał zmetasomatyzowanych i granitoidów pozostających na różnych etapach przeobrażeń hipergenicznych. Stosunkowo wysokie zawartości sumy REE stwierdzono w granitoidach z Gęsińca – maksymalnie 681 ppm, średnio 169 ppm. Występuje tam allanit, na którego kryształach utworzyły się skupienia wtórnych minerałów ziem rzadkich z grupy bastnäsytu: parisytu i prawdopodobnie thorbastnäsytu. Najwyższe zawartości REE oznaczono w 7 próbkach iłów wypełniających szczeliny tektoniczne w kamieniołomie gnejsu w Doboszowicach. Suma REE waha się w nich w granicach 591–1868 ppm, a średnia arytmetyczna zawartość przekracza 0,1%. Wskazuje to na możliwość wykrycia stosunkowo wysokich zawartości REE w skałach ilastych na terenie Sudetów.
GEOCHEMIA I WYKSZTAŁCENIE SKAŁ ZUBROWYCH GÓRNEGO PERMU (CECHSZTYN) Z OBSZARU POLSKI
Authors:   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Tomassi-Morawiec Hanna , Wachowiak Jacek ,   Polskie Stowarzyszenie Górnictwa Solnego, al. Mickiewicza 30, A-0/p. 128, 30-59 Kraków, Czapowski Grzegorz ,   Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa
Published: August 2021

Praca prezentuje wyniki szczegółowych badań składu chemicznego skał zubrowych dwu głównych wydzieleń litostratygraficznych w cyklotemowej sukcesji osadów polskiego cechsztynu: zubra brunatnego (Na3t; cyklotem PZ3) i zubra czerwonego (Na4t; cyklotem PZ4) oraz innych cechsztyńskich ogniw i formacji zubrowych wyróżnionych na obszarze Polski. Skały te opróbowano w 2 wysadach solnych (Kłodawa i Mogilno) oraz w profilach 7 otworów wiertniczych. Utwory Na3t w wysadzie Kłodawa cechuje wyższy udział halitu w porównaniu ze skałami Na4t, które zawierają więcej materiału terygenicznego (materiał detrytyczny i substancja ilasta) co wyraża się większą średnią zawartością SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 i K2O oraz wzbogaceniem w Mn, Rb, Zn i Zr w porównaniu z osadami Na3t. Skały Na3t w obu wysadach (Kłodawa i Mogilno) charakteryzują się wyższą średnią zawartością CaO, MgO i Sr w porównaniu z wydzieleniem Na4t, przede wszystkim dzięki wyższemu udziałowi węglanów Ca i Mg (głównie magnezytu) i podrzędnie kalcytu i dolomitu. Zawartość bromu w profilach Na3t w obu wysadach jest wyższa niż w osadach Na4t i jest charakterystyczna dla pierwotnych chlorków wytrącanych z morskiej solanki. Podobną zawartość bromu stwierdzono tylko w niektórych partiach sukcesji Na4t. W niektórych skałach profili Na4t zarejestrowany udział bromu <40 ppm sugeruje, że są one mieszaniną pierwotnych i wtórnych chlorków, powstałych wskutek recyklingu (rozpuszczanie i ponowne wytrącanie) wcześniej osadzonych morskich soli. Zmiany zawartości bromu w profilach opisanego wyżej wydzielenia Na4t oraz w profilach skał zubrowych subcyklotemów cyklotemu PZ4, opróbowanych w wybranych otworach wiertniczych z obszaru Niżu Polskiego wskazują, że środowisko depozycji zubrów ewoluowało od basenu morskiego (dolna część profilu Na4t i osady subcyklotemów PZ4a do PZ4b) do kontynentalnego jeziora solnego (górna część sukcesji Na4t i osady subcyklotemów PZ4c do PZ4e), w którym następowała kumulacja materiału terygenicznego i chlorków wytrąconych głównie z wtórnych, recyklingowych solanek. Udział takich składników jak: SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, K2O i Fe2O3, Rb, Zn i Zr, związanych głównie z obecnością substancji ilastej i materiału detrytycznego jest wyższy w przypadku skał typu zubra bezteksturalnego i warstwowanego w porównaniu z solami kamiennymi i zailonym, warstwowanymi i bezteksturalnymi. Obecność Sr i CaO, związanych z węglanami i siarczanami, jest częściej wyższa w solach kamiennych warstwowanych, gdzie pojawiają się laminy ilasto-anhydrytowe.