bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catholic Social Teaching as an Explanation of Firm Environmental Impact
Authors: Hetson Anne , Saxton Brian M. , Webinger Mariah ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Environmental sustainability in business has become a highly debated topic as societies decide how best to meet their economic needs and care for the earth. Catholic social teaching (CST) may add theoretical richness to the discussion. We examine solidarity, subsidiarity, and pursuit of the common good as dimensions of a heavy manufacturing, U.S.-based firm’s CST orientation. We find that measures of subsidiarity and common good predict a firm’s environmental performance consistent with CST principles. Results are of interest to academics, policymakers, and citizens who wish to advance the implementation of CST, environmental sustainability, or both.
A Brief Comment on American Exceptionalism
Authors: Varacalli Joseph A. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

This Comment concerns itself with the concept of “American Exceptionalism.” More specifically, following Stephen M. Krason, this Comment lays out the different variations of American Exceptionalism (religious, secular, utopian, and realistic) and provides a preliminary critique of these options from the perspective of the Natural Law and Catholic social science. It also addresses its outright rejection by such modern worldviews as Marxism and radical feminism. This Comment also includes a brief discussion of the long range viability of the American Experiment and the prospects of American civilization developing and sustaining a realistic version of American Exceptionalism. This Comment is intended as an initial foray into the topic, hopefully leading eventually, I hope, to a fuller and more adequate treatment.
Folklore and Crime
Authors: Conn Joel
Published: July 2020

The folklore related to crime and its perpetrators forms a diverse body of lore. This paper proposes that this variation arises principally from the different actors and their interaction. A method of examination is set out that considers which folk group is telling or practicing the folklore and in relation to which group it is told or practiced (such as victims about perceived perpetrators; or accused about the judiciary). This is followed by a general examination of folklore within these categories before undertaking a case study of a large body of folklore regarding a single form of crime (Advance Fee Fraud, also known as the “419” or “Nigerian Prince” scam).
Compound biogenic structures resulting from ontogenetic variation: An example from a modern dipteran
Authors: Muñiz Guinea Fernando , Mángano María G , Buatois Luis A , Podeniene Virginija , Gámez Vintaned José A , Mayoral Alfaro Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Several families of Diptera are known to be active burrowers. Fly larvae of the genus Symplecta (family Limoniidae) were observed in a sandy substrate of an orange grove in Lepe, SW Spain. Traces produced by Symplecta display: (1), a proximal segment characterized by a winding furrow trail; (2), an intermediate part consisting of burrow segments arranged in zigzag; and (3), a distal part formed by a complex U-shaped burrow. The most complex morphology is present in the intermediate zigzag burrow system, which varies from irregularly sinuous and curved in its most proximal part to spiraled. In the fossil record, the trace would be ascribed to different ichnotaxa depending on the part preserved. In fact, this is a compound trace recording multiple behavioural patterns. The winding furrow shows affinities with Helminthopsis, the zigzag burrows with Treptichnus, and the U-shaped burrow with Arenicolites. Furthermore, the spiral portion shows some similarities with Spirophycus and Spirodesmos. Interestingly, formation of these compound traces is connected with different ontogenetic stages of the producer. The winding and zigzag segments are produced, respectively, by Symplecta larvae and pupae for feeding purposes, whereas the U-shaped burrow is excavated during the end of pupal stage for protection until adulthood. In the fossil record, this incipient compound trace potentially may occur in lake-margin, fluvio-estuarine and overbank deposits, including levee, crevasse splay and pond deposits, forming part of the Scoyenia or the Mermia ichnofacies. Structures similar to those produced by modern diptera are known from freshwater ichnofaunas since the Devonian
TRIBUTE TO JORDI MARIA DE GIBERT ATIENZA
Authors: Domènech Arnal Rosa , Ekdale Allan A. , Gámez Vintaned Jose A. , Martinell Callicó Jordi
Published: July 2020

On September 23rd 2012, Jordi Maria de Gibert Atienza, an innovative explorer of the fossil record, passed away suddenly in Barcelona. He left behind interesting scientifi c contributions in the areas of invertebrate ecology, palaeoecology, evolutionary ecology, taphonomy and ichnology. Jordi Maria was only 44 and had a whole life in science ahead of him. The 2014 volume of the Spanish Journal of Palaeontology is dedicated to his memory.
Popularization of Russian sign language as one of the conditions for inclusion of deaf people in the modern Russian society
Authors: Nagornaya Lyubovy Aleksandrovna , Nagornyi Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the importance of timely overcoming of language barrier between a deaf person and the society for formation and functionality of such component of the psyche of a deaf person as image of the world. A question is raised on the need for elapse of socialization process of the people with severe hearing impairments in the environment of verbal-gesture bilinguality. The subject of this research is interrelation between the process of popularization of Russian sign language and the process of inclusion of deaf people in the modern Russian society. The scientific novelty  consists in revealing mutual determinacy of the process of popularization of Russian sign language and the process of inclusion of deaf people in the modern Russian society from the socio-philosophical perspective. It is proven that full inclusion of deaf people in the society is impossible without a significant increase in the number of the hearing socialization agents who know the Russian sign language. The author underlines that there are certain prerequisites in the modern Russian society for popularization of sign language, as well as indicates the main methods for its popularization. The presented materials can be applied in further research of the various aspects of socialization processes and inclusion of deaf people in socio-philosophical aspect; linguistics (first and foremost psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics), and linguistic philosophy for better understanding of psychosocial component of sign languages; as well as serve as the theoretical framework for solution of practical questions of interaction between deaf people and the society.
Feelings experienced by the comrades of women undergoing mastectomy
Authors: Pinto Keli Regiane Tomeleri da Fonseca , Lima Nara de Morais , Santos Izabel Dayana de Lemos , Mattias Silvia Regina , Bernardy Cátia Campaner Ferrari , Sodré Thelma Malagutti
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados pelos companheiros de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo e descritivo, realizado com cinco companheiros. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista em agosto de 2015. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Ao analisar as entrevistas emergiram três categorias: “O momento do diagnóstico”, “A fé como suporte” e “Nada mudou após a mastectomia”. O diagnóstico de câncer de mama da mulher traz ao companheiro sentimentos de medo, insegurança e desespero, eles buscam força na religião e na fé em Deus. A imagem corporal não foi uma preocupação masculina e a vida sexual permaneceu a mesma vivida antes da doença. Conclusão: É de extrema importância criar redes de apoio capacitadas para atender o companheiro de mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer, a fim de entender seus reais sentimentos e ajudar nesse processo difícil.
Repercussions of motorcyclical accident in the life of workers and their families
Authors: Oliveira Juliana da Silva , Rocha Roseanne Montargil , Nery Adriana Alves , Constâncio Jocinei Ferreira
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Descrever as repercussões do acidente motociclístico na vida do trabalhador e dos seus familiares. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Para a coletada de dados foram aplicados formulário, entrevista semiestruturada e a observação sistemática no domicílio do trabalhador. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Identificou-se que devido o acidente de trânsito o trabalhador teve repercussões definitivas, levando-o a viver em estado vegetativo e a aposentadoria por invalidez. A partir da entrevista emergiram as categorias: Abdicação da vida: mudança na rotina familiar; Apoio (ou não) encontrado; Dificuldade financeira e Esperança e a fé que se renovam. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram que houve diversas repercussões na vida do trabalhador vítima de acidente motociclístico e da sua família, o que demonstra a necessidade do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que observem para além dos custos originados dos acidentes de trânsito.
A hospitalização como espaço para educação em saúde às pessoas com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Arruda Cecilia , Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da
Published: July 2020

Objective: The study’s purpose has been to further understand how nurses implement the nursing care towards diabetes bearing people, by taking into consideration the health education approach in hospital setting. Methods: It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. A total of 13 nurses were interviewed in a general hospital, where a conventional data analysis was then carried out. Results: Based on the findings, the following two categories appeared: obstacles in the educational care to the hospitalized person with diabetes, citing: lack of professionals, excessive work demands, structure and inadequate materials, lack of health education routines and failures in continuing education; and the possibilities for developing the educational dimension of nursing care in a hospital, including: education in individual and collective health; diabetes nurse specialist and communication between health services. Conclusion: Hospitalization is a propitious moment to implement the health education to people with diabetes and nurses must be proactive and identify themselves as organizers of educational activities for hospitalized people with diabetes.
A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda
Authors: Zeller Anja C. , Conrad Daniela , Schneider Anna , Behnke Alexander , Pfeiffer Anett , Blum Gerrit F. , Wilker Sarah , Elbert Thomas , Kolassa Iris‐Tatjana
Published: July 2020

Individuals who perpetrate violence may likely perceive violence as appealing and infliction of violence to derive pleasure is termed as appetitive aggression. Individuals who were abducted as children into an armed group often experience a higher number of traumatic event types, that is traumatic load and are usually socialized in a violence‐endorsing environment. This study aims to investigate the interaction between age at initial abduction with that of traumatic load, and their influence on appetitive aggression along with perpetration of violent acts by former members of an armed rebel group of both sexes. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted among a target group of formerly abducted rebel‐war survivors (including participants with and without combat experience) from Northern Uganda. Participants included 596 women and 570 men with N =  1,166 (Mage  =  32.58, SDage  =  9.76, range: 18–80 years). We conducted robust linear regression models to investigate the influence of age at initial abduction, traumatic load, combat experience, and biological sex on appetitive aggression as well as their perpetrated violent acts. Our study shows, appetitive aggression and the number of perpetrated violent acts were specifically increased in individuals who were abducted young, experienced several traumatic events in their lifetime, and with previous combat experience. For perpetrated violence men showed increased levels whereas for appetitive aggression the association was independent of biological sex. Therefore, early abducted individuals with a higher traumatic load, who have combat experience, need to be given special intervention to prevent any further violence.
Additively Manufactured Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with Carbon Nanostructure Reinforcement for Biomedical Structural Applications
Authors: Alam Fahad , Varadarajan Kartik M. , Koo Joseph H. , Wardle Brian L. , Kumar Shanmugam
Published: July 2020

This study is focused on carbon nanostructures (CNS), including both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), reinforcement of medical‐grade polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and in vitro bioactivity for biomedical structural applications. CNS/PEEK scaffolds and bulk specimens, realized via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing, are assessed primarily in the low‐strain linear‐elastic regime. 3D printed PEEK nanocomposites are found to have enhanced mechanical properties in all cases while maintaining the desired degree of crystallinity in the range of 30–33%. A synergetic effect of the CNS and sulfonation toward bioactivity is observed—apatite growth in simulated body fluid increases by 57% and 77%, for CNT and GNP reinforcement, respectively, doubling the effect of sulfonation and exhibiting a fully‐grown mushroom‐like apatite morphology. Further, CNT‐ and GNP‐reinforced sulfonated PEEK recovers much of the mechanical losses in modulus and strength due to sulfonation, in one case (GNP reinforcement) increasing the yield and ultimate strengths beyond the (non‐sulfonated) printed PEEK. Additive manufacturing of PEEK with CNS reinforcement demonstrated here opens up many design opportunities for structural and biomedical applications, including personalized bioactivated surfaces for bone scaffolds, with further potential arising from the electrically conductive nanoengineered PEEK material toward smart and multifunctional structures.
Silicon‐Based Self‐Assemblies for High Volumetric Capacity Li‐Ion Batteries via Effective Stress Management
Authors: Shi Jiewen , Zu Lianhai , Gao Hanyang , Hu Guoxin , Zhang Qing
Published: July 2020

Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have been considered as promising anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, but the practical issues such as mechanical structure instability and low volumetric energy density limit their development. At present, the functional energy‐storing architectures based on Si NPs building blocks have been proposed to solve the adverse effects of nanostructures, but designing ideal functional architectures with excellent electrochemical performance is still a significant challenge. This study shows that the effective stress evolution management is applied for self‐assembled functional architectures via cross‐scale simulation and the simulated stress evolution can be a guide to design a scalable self‐assembled hierarchical Si@TiO2@C (SA‐SiTC) based on core–shell Si@TiO2 nanoscale building blocks. It is found that the carbon filler and TiO2 layer can effectively reduce the risk of cracking during (de)lithiation, ensuring the stability of the mechanical structure of SA‐SiTC. The SA‐SiTC electrode shows long cycling stability (842.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1), high volumetric capacity (174 mAh cm−3), high initial Coulombic efficiency (80.9%), and stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This work provides insight into the development of the structural stable Si‐based anodes with long cycle life and high volumetric energy density for practical energy applications.
Hematologic and spirometric characteristics of Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains
Authors: Sulaiman Xierzhatijiang , Xu Wei‐fang , Cai Liu‐Hong , Huang Xiao‐Yang , Cheng Lu‐Feng , Zhang Ya‐Ping
Published: July 2020

Objectives

In this study, we measured the hematologic and spirometric parameters of native Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains to investigate adaptations to high altitude stressors.

Methods

Hematological parameters including arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured on Sarikoli Tajik (n = 80; 3100 m), Wakhi Tajik (n = 48; 3500 m), and Kyrgyz (n = 64; 3250 m) in comparison to lowland Uyghurs (n = 50; 1300 m). Spirometric parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), the first second of forced expiration (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25‐75) were measured. We also reported mountain sickness symptoms in these highlanders and conducted a multivariate regression analysis to analyze the association between these symptoms and the measured parameters.

Results

SaO2 of Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (91%‐93.5%) are significantly lower than lowland Uyghurs, yet are comparable to other native highlanders at a similar altitude. RBC counts and Hb concentrations of all three highland populations are significantly increased compared to Uyghurs. FVC is lower in Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (male: 3.48‐3.86 L, female: 2.47‐2.78 L) compared to Uyghurs. Combined with normal FEV1, elevated FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF25‐75, the spirometric patterns of these highlanders indicate restrictive lung disease. A high prevalence of mountain sickness symptoms such as headache and nausea was found in all three highland populations, and are attributed to low FVC and aging by regression analysis.

Conclusion

Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders showed adaptation in SaO2, RBC, and Hb level, but poor performance in spirometry, which causes mountain sickness.
Clinical, radiological, and genetic characteristics in patients with Huntington's disease in a Taiwanese cohort
Authors: Chen Szu‐Ju , Lee Bo‐Chin , Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Chin‐Hsien
Published: July 2020

Characteristics of Huntington's disease (HD) differ among various ethnicities. Few studies have explored the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes of HD in Asians. We evaluated the relationship between integrated clinical and imaging phenotypes and genotypes in a Taiwanese HD cohort, enrolling 123 HD patients genetically diagnosed between August 1994 and February 2019. The clinical presentations and brain magnetic resonance imaging characteristics were analyzed from 67 patients and examined the correlation with genetic findings. Chorea was the most common initial manifestation (66.1%), especially in patients with late‐onset disease (onset age > 60 years old), followed by psychiatric symptoms (25%) and cognitive impairment (14.3%). Compared to patients with adult‐onset HD, the prevalence of parkinsonism was significantly higher in juvenile‐onset HD patients (onset age < 20 years old, p = .007). Disease burden, which was measured by CAG repeats and age, was significantly associated with atrophy in caudate nucleus (p = .004), followed by putamen (p = .029), nucleus accumbens (p = .002), thalamus (p = .003), and total cortical volume (p = .001) after correcting for total intracranial volume. Our findings, that provided the first series of Taiwanese HD patients, delineated the clinical, radiological, and genetic characteristics in Asian HD patients.
Unravelling the Enigma of Nonoxidative Conversion of Methane on Iron Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Liu Yuan , Liu Jin‐Cheng , Li Teng‐Hao , Duan Zeng‐Hui , Zhang Tian‐Yu , Yan Ming , Li Wan‐Lu , Xiao Hai , Wang Yang‐Gang , Chang Chun‐Ran , Li Jun
Published: July 2020

The direct, nonoxidative conversion of methane on a silica‐confined single‐atom iron catalyst is a landmark discovery in catalysis, but the proposed gas‐phase reaction mechanism is still open to discussion. Here, we report a surface reaction mechanism by computational modeling and simulations. The activation of methane occurs at the single iron site, whereas the dissociated methyl disfavors desorption into gas phase under the reactive conditions. In contrast, the dissociated methyl prefers transferring to adjacent carbon sites of the active center (Fe1©SiC2), followed by C−C coupling and hydrogen transfer to produce the main product (ethylene) via a key −CH−CH2 intermediate. We find a quasi Mars–van Krevelen (quasi‐MvK) surface reaction mechanism involving extracting and refilling the surface carbon atoms for the nonoxidative conversion of methane on Fe1©SiO2 and this surface process is identified to be more plausible than the alternative gas‐phase reaction mechanism.
Effects of mitochondria‐associated Ca2+ transporters suppression on oocyte activation
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Ang , Li Qian‐Nan , Fan Li‐Hua , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Meng Tie‐Gang , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Ou Xiang‐Hong
Published: July 2020

Oocyte activation deficiency leads to female infertility. [Ca2+]i oscillations are required for mitochondrial energy supplement transition from the resting to the excited state, but the underlying mechanisms are still very little known. Three mitochondrial Ca2+ channels, Mitochondria Calcium Uniporter (MCU), Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCLX) and Voltage‐dependent Ca2+ Channel (VDAC), were deactivated by inhibitors RU360, CGP37157 and Erastin, respectively. Both Erastin and CGP37157 inhibited mitochondrial activity significantly while attenuating [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]m oscillations, which caused developmental block of pronuclear formation. Thus, NCLX and VDAC are two mitochondria‐associated Ca2+ transporter proteins regulating oocyte activation, which may be used as potential targets to treat female infertility.

Significance of the Study

NCLX and VDAC are two mitochondria‐associated Ca2+ transporter proteins regulating oocyte activation.
Predicting the Substrate Scope of the Flavin‐Dependent Halogenase BrvH
Authors: Neubauer Pia R. , Pienkny Silke , Wessjohann Ludger , Brandt Wolfgang , Sewald Norbert
Published: July 2020

The recently described flavin‐dependent halogenase BrvH is able to catalyse both the bromination and chlorination of indole, but shows significantly higher bromination activity. BrvH was annotated as a tryptophan halogenase, but does not accept tryptophan as a substrate. Its native substrate remains unknown. A predictive model with the data available for BrvH was analysed. A training set of compounds tested in vitro was docked into the active site of a complete protein model based on the X‐ray structure of BrvH. The atoms not resolved experimentally were modelled by using molecular mechanics force fields to obtain this protein model. Furthermore, docking poses for the substrates and known non‐substrates have been calculated. Parameters like distance, partial charge and hybridization state were analysed to derive rules for predicting activity. With this model for activity of the BrvH, a virtual screening suggested several structures for potential substrates. Some of the compounds preselected in this way were tested in vitro, and several could be verified as convertible substrates. Based on information on halogenated natural products, a new dataset was created to specifically search for natural products as substrates/products, and virtual screening in this database yielded further hits.
Reconceptualizing Midlevel Leadership
Authors: Amey Marilyn J. , Garza Mitchell Regina L. , Rosales Jesenia , Giardello Katherine J.
Published: July 2020

A cumulative reading of this volume indicates the need to rethink what it means to be in the organizational middle. In this final chapter, we draw from the lived experiences, research, and scholarly perspectives described throughout the volume to posit a reconceptualization of midlevel leadership and considerations for its future.
Defect and Interface Engineering on Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets for the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Liu Baojun , Qin Jiangzhou , Ke Jun , Yu Lanlan , Hu Xia
Published: July 2020

Reducing dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) under mild conditions is a very significant nitrogen cyclic process, which plays a vital role in agricultural, biological and industrial fields. The Haber‐Bosch process as a current mainstream way of N2 fixation has particularly high energy consumption, occupying about 1 % of the world energy production. In contrast, the photocatalytic N2 reduction reaction provides a green route almost without energy consumption and environmental pollution. However, there are many challenges that needs to be solved urgently, such as, for example, low quantum yield, inefficient N2 adsorption and activation and an unclear N2 fixation mechanism. Nowadays, tactics for improving the catalytic performance mainly focus on producing more active sites via defect or interface engineering. Generally, two‐dimensional materials with defect or interface engineering can not only accelerate photon‐exciton interactions, but also enhance sufficient N2 binding, activation and hydrogenation. In this Minireview, we will first summarize the principles of photocatalytic N2 fixation, and then discuss progress in the development two‐dimensional (2D) materials with defect and interface engineering for photocatalytic N2 fixation. Finally, we describe ammonia detection methods and recent important developments and challenges in this field.
Low testosterone is associated with dysregulated eating symptoms in young adult men
Authors: Culbert Kristen M. , Shope Megan M. , Sisk Cheryl L. , Klump Kelly L.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Extant animal and human data indicate that natural variation in circulating levels of testosterone may contribute to differential risk for dysregulated eating among males. Indeed, testosterone ablation in postpubertal male rodents results in stimulatory effects on sweet‐taste preferences, and lower levels of circulating testosterone in adolescent boys have been found to predict dysregulated eating symptoms during mid‐to‐late puberty. Nonetheless, no prior study has examined whether lower testosterone is associated with dysregulated eating in adulthood. The current study examined this possibility.

Method

Participants were 154 young adult men (ages = 18–33) from a large Southwestern University. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, and Loss of Control Over Eating Scale were used to assess three types of dysregulated eating symptoms: eating concerns, binge eating, and loss‐of‐control eating. Afternoon saliva samples were assayed for testosterone using high‐sensitive enzyme immunoassays.

Results

Consistent with animal data and prior research in adolescent boys, men with lower testosterone reported significantly higher levels of dysregulated eating symptoms even after controlling for depressive symptoms, body mass index, and age.

Discussion

Lower testosterone concentrations might serve as a sex‐specific biological factor that contributes to dysregulated eating among men.
Parameter estimation for multiple post‐wildfire hydrologic models
Authors: Ebel Brian A. , Moody John A.
Published: July 2020

Predictions of post‐wildfire flooding and debris flows are needed, typically with short lead times. Measurements of soil‐hydraulic properties necessary for model parameterization are, however, seldom available. This study quantified soil‐hydraulic properties, soil‐water retention, and selected soil physical properties within the perimeter of the 2017 Thomas Fire in California. The Thomas Fire burn scar produced catastrophic debris flows in January 2018, highlighting the need for improved prediction capability. Soil‐hydraulic properties were also indirectly estimated using relations tied to soil‐water retention. These measurements and estimates are examined in the context of parameterizing post‐wildfire hydrologic models. Tension infiltrometer measurements showed significant decreases (p < .05) in field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) and sorptivity (S) in burned areas relative to unburned areas. Wildfire effects on soil water‐retention were dominated by significant decreases in saturated soil‐water content (θS). The van Genuchten parameters α, N, and residual water content did not show significant wildfire effects. The impacts of the wildfire on hydraulic and physical soil properties were greatest in the top 1 cm, emphasizing that measurements of post‐fire soil properties should focus on the near‐surface. Reductions in Kfs, θs, and soil‐water retention in burned soils were attributed to fire‐induced decreases in soil structure evidenced by increases in dry bulk density. Sorptivity reductions in burned soils were attributed to increases in soil‐water repellency. Rapid post‐fire assessments of flash flood and debris flow hazards using physically‐based hydrologic models are facilitated by similarities between Kfs, S, and the Green–Ampt wetting front potential (ψf) with measurements at other southern CA burned sites. We suggest that ratios of burned to unburned Kfs (0.37), S (0.36), and ψf (0.66) could be used to scale unburned values for model parameterization. Alternatively, typical burned values (Kfs = 20 mm hr−1; S = 6 mm hr−0.5; ψf = 1.6 mm) could be used for model parameterization.
Far Apart and Close Together: Fritz Haber and Chaim Weizmann
Authors: Bielik Tom , Friedrich Bretislav
Published: July 2020

Fritz Haber (1868–1934) and Chaim Weizmann (1874–1952) were both prominent German‐speaking Jewish chemists with rather divergent views on Jewish assimilation and Zionism that only converged upon the rise of the Nazis to power in Germany.  While Haber converted to Protestantism and followed the calling of a German patriot during World War One and the turmoil of the Weimar Republic, Weizmann became the leader of the Zionist movement whose efforts led to the founding of Jewish academic institutions in British Mandate Palestine and eventually to the creation of the State of Israel. Weizmann won the support of the British political establishment for the Zionist cause through his invaluable services to the British military as a chemist during World War One. Guided by the timeline of their encounters as well as their mutual correspondence, we trace the ever‐closer relationship between these two towering figures of the 20th century. Had it not been for his ill health, Haber would have likely assumed a leading position at what is today the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot as well as played a direct role in shaping other academic institutions, including The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in the future State of Israel.
Asset‐Liability Management and bank profitability: Statistical cost accounting analysis from an emerging market
Authors: Owusu Freeman Brobbey , Alhassan Abdul Latif
Published: July 2020

This paper employs the Statistical Cost Accounting (SCA) model to examine the relationship between profit and Asset‐Liability Management (ALM) structure of 27 banks in Ghana over the period 2007–2015. The findings confirm the central hypothesis of the SCA model and provide evidence that profitability is linked to balance sheet items in Ghana. It also documents evidence that domestic banks have higher rate of return on assets than foreign banks over the study period. In addition, high profit banks were observed to have higher rate of return on assets as well as higher rate of cost on liabilities than low profit banks. These findings provide useful insights to bank management through the identification of the assets items that generate highest return on bank profitability.
Changing the nervous mind of small‐scale farmers who are reluctant to invest for their development*
Authors: Yamaoka Kazumi , Ofori Joseph
Published: July 2020

Recent increases in rice consumption in Sub‐Saharan Africa are noteworthy. Most of the rice production in these countries depends on an enormous number of small‐scale rice farmers. Because they have a poor investment capacity to follow the green revolution, that is, high‐yield variety with fertilizer and irrigation, it is necessary to raise the annual production by increasing the number of annual cropping and to improve the water productivity drastically. Salibu rice ratooning technology allows harvesting paddy rice seven times in two years by cultivating ratoon crops with high yield and dramatically low consumption of irrigation water. The authors have conducted a series of cultivation tests in Ghana for over a year and found that the average annual production of rice under the Salibu system was higher than that of the conventional rice cultivation system with much higher water productivity. The authors have also conducted a social experiment on commercial finance by rural banks to farmer‐based organizations (FBOs), organized by small‐scale rice farmers. The first target of the scheme is group purchasing of small agricultural machinery, which most of the members of the group eagerly want to obtain. We introduced special collateral systems in order to persuade rural banks reluctant to make finance to rice farmers. After realizing the first commercial finance by rural bank to FBO the path to realizing future investment in irrigation was set out in a scenario of gradual solidarity and development.
Photodentistry – an innovative approach to improving students’ empathy and learning experiences in comprehensive patient care
Authors: Ahmad Mas Suryalis , Radhi Diana Syazwani Muhammad , Rusle Farah Farhana , Zul Muhammad Fakhruddin , Jalaluddin Jamizan , Baharuddin Izyan Hazwani
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Preparing future dental school graduates to provide comprehensive patient care with empathy requires the completion of adequate training in such practice. This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the Photodentistry learning activity, which uses visual arts, in improving dental students' empathy and learning experience in comprehensive patient care.

Methods

All fourth‐year undergraduate dental students (n = 69, response rate = 100%) participated in the Photodentistry learning activity developed by specialists from the areas of dentistry, arts, education, and psychology. A survey using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) was conducted both pretest and posttest, followed by an open‐ended written survey of their reflection towards the learning activity. Quantitative data were analyzed via paired t‐test (P < 0.05), while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

There was a significant increase in both students' total mean empathy score and the individual scores for 8 (out of 16) items of the TEQ after the learning activity. Students stated that they had an improved understanding of managing patients in a comprehensive manner (e.g., managing medically compromised patients, performing treatment planning, communication with patients who have special health care needs). Students also reported the development of skills (e.g., observation, critical thinking) and positive attitudes (e.g., empathy, responsibility) towards patients.

Conclusion

Photodentistry is an effective learning approach for improving dental students' empathy and learning experience in comprehensive patient care.
The neuro-immune microenvironment of acupoints—initiation of acupuncture effectiveness
Authors: Gong Yinan , Li Ningcen , Lv Zhongxi , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Yanfang , Yang Tao , Wang Hui , Zhao Xue , Chen Zelin , Dou Baomin , Chen Bo , Guo Yongming , Guo Yi , Xu Zhifang
Published: July 2020

Acupuncture is a centuried and unfading treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to exert curative effects on various disorders. Numerous works have been put in to uncover the effective mechanisms of acupuncture. And the interdependent interaction between acupuncture and acupoint microenvironment is a crucial topic. As a benign minimally invasive stimulation, the insertion and manipulation of needle at acupoint could cause deformation of local connective tissue and secretion of various molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 and ATP. The molecules are secreted into extracellular space and bind to the corresponding receptors thus active NF-κB, MAPK, ERK pathways on mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, among others. This is supposed to trigger following transcription and translation of immune factors and neural active substance, as well as promote the free ion movement (such as Ca2+ influx) and the expansion of blood vessels to recruit more immune cells to acupoint. Finally, acupuncture could enhance network connectivity of local microenvironment at acupoints. The earlier mentioned substances further act on a variety of receptors in local nerve endings, transmitting electrical and biochemical signals to the CNS, and giving full play to the acupuncture action. In conclusion, we portrayed a neuro-immune microenvironment network of acupoints that medicates the acupuncture action, and would lay a foundation for the systematic study of the complex network relationship of acupoints in the future.
Chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Ferreira António , Oliveira‐e‐Silva António , Bettencourt Paulo
Published: July 2020

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is being scrutinized for repositioning in the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. This antimalarial drug is also chronically used to treat patients with autoimmune diseases. By analyzing the Portuguese anonymized data on private and public based medical prescriptions we have identified all cases chronically receiving HCQ for the management of diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we have detected all laboratory confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and all laboratory confirmed negative cases in the Portuguese population (mandatorily registered in a centrally managed database). Cross linking the two sets of data has allowed us to compare the proportion of HCQ chronic treatment (at least 2 grams per month) in laboratory confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with laboratory confirmed negative cases. Out of 26 815 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients, 77 (0.29%) were chronically treated with HCQ, while 1215 (0.36%) out of 333 489 negative patients were receiving it chronically (P = .04). After adjustment for age, sex, and chronic treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, the odds ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for chronic treatment with HCQ has been 0.51 (0.37‐0.70). Our data suggest that chronic treatment with HCQ confer protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
MicroRNA‐532‐5p is a prognostic marker and inhibits the aggressive phenotypes of osteosarcoma through targeting CXCL2
Authors: Ma Yong , Zhao Hai‐Xia , Shi Yin‐Ju , Cheng Ming‐Guo
Published: July 2020

The dysregulation of miR‐532‐5p is involved in the development of several cancers. Nevertheless, the roles of miR‐532‐5p in osteosarcoma (OS) have yet to be illuminated. In the present study, we found that miR‐532‐5p was significantly downregulated in both OS tissues and cell lines. The low level of miR‐532‐5p was associated with advance clinical stage and poor overall survival in patient with OS. The functional experiments implied that upregulation of miR‐532‐5p restrained OS U2OS cell growth and metastatic ability in vitro; induced apoptosis, and impaired OS cell growth in vivo. Mechanistically, chemokine (C‐X‐C Motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) was proved as a target gene of miR‐532‐5p. The inhibitory effects of miR‐532‐5p on OS cell were rescued by CXCL2 overexpression. Altogether, we demonstrated that miR‐532‐5p exerted tumor‐inhibitory functions in OS cell via regulating CXCL2.
Low specific absorption rate and gain‐enhanced meandered bowtie antenna utilizing flexible dipole‐like artificial magnetic conductor for medical application at 2.4 GHz
Authors: Othman Nazirah , Samsuri Noor Asmawati , Rahim Mohamad Kamal A. , Kamardin Kamilia
Published: July 2020

A flexible meander bowtie antenna incorporated with dipole‐like artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. Two different types of AMC design are presented for comparison. A new medical transdermal patch is used as the dielectric substrate for both antenna and AMC. The gain enhancement is achieved using a modified dipole‐like unit cell of the AMC. The effect of the substrate thickness and separation distance between the antenna and the AMC is investigated. The results show that the antenna is operating at its original frequency (as in free space) when the antenna‐AMC separation distance is more than one‐eighth of the wavelength. The directive radiation pattern with high gain is obtained when the flexible antenna is placed above the AMC structure. The AMC increases the antenna's gain by 4.15 and 4.931 dB for single‐dipole AMC and double‐dipole AMC, respectively. The 10 g specific absorption rate is reduced by 98% and 68% for both simulated and measured results, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed flexible antenna‐AMC is suitable for on‐body application specifically for continuous health monitoring.
Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers
Authors: Yang Kaiji , Chen Jinghuan , Liang Shuaibo , Wang Yanyun , Yao Chunli
Published: July 2020

A super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion (CPAME‐uhc) was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. The influence of its cationic degree and molecular weight on flocculation property was discussed. Then, the chemical structure and micromorphology of the obtained CPAME‐uhc were characterized by Fourier infrared spectrum (FT‐IR), NMR hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the synergistic flocculation effects of CPAME‐uhc respectively with polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), poly methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (PDMC), cationic starch (CS), cationic guar gum (CHPG), cationic chitosan (CTS), and polyamine (PA) on the CPAME‐uhc were investigated. The results showed that the optimum cationic degree and molecular weight of CPAME‐uhc were 25% and 12 million, respectively. FT‐IR and 1H NMR analysis showed that the product was a copolymer of acryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide. GPC analysis confirmed that the molecular weight distribution of CPAME‐uhc product was very narrow. SEM shows that the latex particles of CPAME‐uhc are regular spheres with a diameter of 200 to 500 nm. When CPAME‐uhc is respectively combined with five cationic polymers in a certain proportion, all of them show good synergistic flocculation to papermaking wastewater. The order of synergistic flocculation effect is: CPAME‐uhc/PDADMAC > CPAME‐uhc/PDMC > CPAME‐uhc/CTS > CPAME‐uhc/CS > CPAME‐uhc/CHPG > CPAME‐uhc/PA. Finally, the mechanism of synergistic flocculation was proposed. This study provides a theoretical and research basis for the preparation of CPAME‐uhc and its application in the treatment of papermaking wastewater.
Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon Cover‐Enhanced Stability and Wettability of Au Nanocrystals on Core‐Shell Fe3O4@N‐Carbon Particles for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Wang Junyan , Tian Kesong , Cao Ling , Guo Wanchun , Li Ruifei , Wang Hongchao , Xu Zhaopeng , Zhou Yunchun , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2020

We report a core‐shell Fe3O4@nitrogen‐doped carbon@Au@nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe3O4@N‐Carbon@Au@N‐Carbon) nanocatalyst based on a combined strategy, layer‐by‐layer deposition of aminophenol‐formaldehyde (APF) resin and subsequent pyrolysis. Isolated Au nanocrystals were sandwiched between ultrathin nitrogen‐enriched carbon cover and core‐shell Fe3O4@N‐Carbon. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractor, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other analysis methods were used to characterize the catalyst. Ultrathin nitrogen‐enriched carbon cover could stabilize Au nanocrystals, enhance their wettability with liquid polar organic substrates, and offer a relatively short transfer route of substrates towards active Au sites during catalytic transformations. For the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, 2‐nitrophenol, 4‐nitroaniline and 2‐nitroaniline, the catalyst exhibits corresponding high turnover frequency of 378, 522, 834 and 846 h−1, respectively. The catalyst also shows high stability over 20 cycles almost without obvious structural damage and activity loss for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Preparation Of Perovskite‐Type Lanthanum Nickelate Nanostructures and Its Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Maridevaru Madappa C , Wu Jerry J , Viswanathan Mangalaraja Ramalinga , Anandan Sambandam
Published: July 2020

In the present investigation, the perovskite‐type Lanthanum Nickelate (LaNiO3, LNO) nanostructure samples with the incompatible surface morphology were successfully synthesized by a single step ultrasonication processes followed by annealing at various temperatures in the range of 500–800 °C. The phase identification and chemical composition of the perovskite‐type LaNiO3 nanostructure was inspected by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Besides, the physical and chemical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance (UV‐vis DRS) studies, and microscopic studies (SEM and TEM) revealed the nature of the LNO samples. Moreover, as a result of calcination and phase transformation, a significant comparative bandgap around 1.78‐2.12 eV observed, which was fascinating to examine their visible photons induced photocatalytic degradation of Orange‐G azo dye (OG). The impact of various experimental circumstances inclusive of initial dye concentration, catalyst amount, pH of the reaction medium, and the effect of different oxidants was optimized. Under the optimum context, the photodegradation efficiency of the OG dye with LNO‐800 was 96 % whereas LNO‐800 with oxidant peoxodisulphate (PDS) shows 98 % activity within the 240 min and 150 min, respectively. After each photocatalytic experiment, photocatalyst samples can be effortlessly separated from the reaction mixture and shows almost equivalent photocatalytic effectiveness after multiple cycles intimated the superior photostability of LNO samples.
Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Grafted by Polyvinyl Alcohol and Its Demulsification Performance in Oily Wastewater
Authors: Jiang Xia , Ye Fan , Zheng Lihua , Mi Yuanzhu , Zhang Zejun , Yuan Huaikui , Liu Wangfu , Kuang Jiazhe , Luo Yue
Published: July 2020

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes grafted by polyvinyl alcohol (CNTs@PVA) were synthesized via free radical reaction process under ultrasonic condition and used in oily wastewater for the demulsification. FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, SEM and TGA were employed to characterize the as‐prepared CNTs@PVA. The demulsification performance in oily wastewater was estimated by bottle test. When the CNTs@PVA dosage was 80 mg/L, the light transmittance of separated water and the oil removal rate of the emulsions at room temperature for 30 min could reach 84.2% and 97.1%, respectively. In addition, the demulsification mechanism was systemically investigated by dynamic interfacial tension, interfacial activity, wettability, zeta potential and optical microscope. It suggested that PVA could tune the wettability of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by the surface modification. The change of the wettability is beneficial to the migration of CNTs@PVA to the oil‐water interface, and accelerate the coalescence of oil droplets. The current finding provides a new non‐toxic and high efficiency demulsifier for the oily wastewater.