bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism control of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation product via mechanochemistry leads to accelerated microbial degradation
Authors: Shingwekar Deepika , Lutz Nicholas , Botes Delbert S. , Cabrera-Vega Elani J. , Campillo-Alvarado Gonzalo , Mellies Jay L. , Loya Jesus Daniel
Published: August 2024

Here, we optimized a chemo-microbial degradation of polyethylene terephthalate. Developed a path to mechanochemically interconvert between BHET polymorphs and established that BHET polymorphism influences bacterial biodegradation rate.
HF-free microwave-assisted synthesis of MXene as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Mahabari Kajal , Mohili Ranjit D. , Patel Monika , Jadhav Arvind H. , Lee Kwangyeol , Chaudhari Nitin K.
Published: August 2024

Boosting the HER evolution process by adopting a microwave-assisted method to synthesize HF-free two dimensional (2D) MXene as an electrocatalyst in alkaline media.
Processes to enable hysteresis-free operation of ultrathin ALD Te p-channel field-effect transistors
Authors: Kim Minjae , Lee Yongsu , Kim Kyuheon , Pham Giang-Hoang , Kim Kiyung , Jun Jae Hyeon , Lee Hae-won , Yoon Seongbeen , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Sung Myung Mo , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: August 2024

This study proposes an ultrathin tellurium (Te) atomic layer deposition process with a TeOx seed layer to overcome large electrical hysteresis. It also identifies causes of defects, aiding high-performance p-type inorganic transistors.
Facile preparation of Hf3N4 thin films directly used as electrodes for lithium-ion storage
Authors: Shi Zhengguang , Yu Geng , Li Jing , Jia Zhenggang , Zhang Xuexi , Lin Cheng-Te , Lin Qianru , Chen Zhaoyu , Tsai Hsu-Sheng
Published: August 2024

Transition-metal nitride thin-film electrodes are potential electrode materials for all-solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries.
Ru incorporated into Se vacancy-containing CoSe2 as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Ziyi , Gao Weibo , Shi Jianghuan , Ma Jieyun , Liu Zongjian , Wang Lin , Wang Yichao , Chen Zhengfei
Published: August 2024

Through a strategy of Ru doping and introduction of Se vacancies, a Ru-doped CoSe2 catalyst for alkaline hydrogen precipitation has been developed.
A chiral sodium lanthanum sulfate for second-order nonlinear optics and proton conduction
Authors: Fu Hao , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Peiyu , Li Bo , Wu Baolin , Tao Ye , Lu Qianshuang , Li Yingjie , Huang Jiaxi , Zhang Fangfang , He Tingchao , Chen Zhi , Wang Heng , Su Chenliang , Zang Hong-Ying , Yu Xiujun , Li Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

We have rationally synthesized a chiral sodium lanthanum sulfate, NaLa(SO4)2(H2O), through the complementary integration of alkali and rare-earth cations. The compound exhibits a high proton conductivity and SHG response with a high birefringence.
Modulation of the near-infrared-I and -II luminescence of thulium-incorporated lead-free double perovskites
Authors: Nie Jingheng , Ying Weitao , Cao Renping , Liu Sijie , Qiu Shaobin , Liao Chaohong , Yun Xiangyan , Lan Bang , Wang Jing
Published: August 2024

High-performance NIR emission was observed in Cs2NaInCl6:Tm3+, where the sensitizer Sb3+ achieved high-efficiency NIR emission and Te4+ enabled blue-light excitation.
Selective halide ion binding templation effect for a quadruple-stranded-helicate enabling the activation of C–Br bonds
Authors: Fu Lei , Liu Yang , Jiang Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhe , Bai Qixia , Li Yu-Qing , Chen Zhi , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Pingshan , Wu Tun
Published: August 2024

Here, we report the study on mechanism of anion-induced templation effect, in which nucleophilic anions serving as ligand competitors to destroy partial coordination bonds in a library of metallo-macrocycles and form quadruple-stranded helicates.
Recent advances in solid phase microextraction with various geometries in environmental analysis
Authors: S. Keerthana , Illanad Gouri , Saket Swikriti , Ghosh Chiranjit
Published: August 2024

Application of solid-phase microextraction technique in environmental research.
Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles and PLD-deposited thin film forms: structure, optical properties and nature of magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Khlifi N. , Ihzaz N. , Toulemonde O. , Dandre A. , Labrugère-Sarroste C. , Bessadok M. N. , Lemine O. M. , El Mir L.
Published: August 2024

Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a modified sol–gel method.
Comparative study of metal–organic frameworks synthesized via imide condensation and coordination assembly
Authors: Liu Qiao , Hilliard Jordon S. , Cai Zhongzheng , Wade Casey R.
Published: August 2024

Imide condensation with amine-functionalized metal clusters was used to prepare zinc benzotriazolate MOFs with a high degree of connectivity and porosity.
Review of hydrogen ortho–para conversion: experimental data and reaction kinetics
Authors: Jiao Fuyu , Al Ghafri Saif , O'Neill Keelan T. , Stanwix Paul S. , Sellner Guinevere M. , Fridjonsson Einar O. , Robinson Neil , May Eric F. , Johns Michael L.
Published: August 2024

This work reviews ortho–para hydrogen conversion data for various types of catalysts at cryogenic temperatures and evaluates different reaction kinetic expressions employed to describe these experimental data.
Acylhydrazone-based reversibly photoswitchable ion pair transporter with OFF–ON cotransport activity
Authors: Chattopadhayay Sandip , Wanjari Paras , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: August 2024

Reversibly photo-switchable acylhydrazone-based synthetic ion transporters with OFF–ON transport activity are reported. The involvement of H-bond forming and lone pair donating groups facilitate its function as a cation–anion symporting carrier.
Nickel-catalyzed selective disulfide formation by reductive cross-coupling of thiosulfonates
Authors: Yuan Tingting , Chen Xiang-Yu , Ji Tengfei , Yue Huifeng , Murugesan Kathiravan , Rueping Magnus
Published: August 2024

A mild and straightforward synthetic route has been established for the preparation of disulfide, enabling the selective and efficient synthesis of both symmetric and unsymmetrical disulfide compounds.
Dinitrogen reduction chemistry with scandium provides a complex with two side-on (NN)2− ligands bound to one metal: (C5Me5)Sc[(µ-η2:η2-N2)Sc(C5Me5)2]2
Authors: Queen Joshua D. , Rajabi Ahmadreza , Goudzwaard Quinn E. , Yuan Qiong , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Ziller Joseph W. , Furche Filipp , Xi Zhenfeng , Evans William J.
Published: August 2024

A new structural type in dinitrogen chemistry has been obtained by the attempted one electron reduction of a bridging (NN)2− complex of scandium.
Optimisation of sparse deep autoencoders for dynamic network embedding
Authors: Tang Huimei , Zhang Yutao , Ma Lijia , Lin Qiuzhen , Huang Liping , Li Jianqiang , Gong Maoguo
Published: August 2024

Network embedding (NE) tries to learn the potential properties of complex networks represented in a low‐dimensional feature space. However, the existing deep learning‐based NE methods are time‐consuming as they need to train a dense architecture for deep neural networks with extensive unknown weight parameters. A sparse deep autoencoder (called SPDNE) for dynamic NE is proposed, aiming to learn the network structures while preserving the node evolution with a low computational complexity. SPDNE tries to use an optimal sparse architecture to replace the fully connected architecture in the deep autoencoder while maintaining the performance of these models in the dynamic NE. Then, an adaptive simulated algorithm to find the optimal sparse architecture for the deep autoencoder is proposed. The performance of SPDNE over three dynamical NE models (i.e. sparse architecture‐based deep autoencoder method, DynGEM, and ElvDNE) is evaluated on three well‐known benchmark networks and five real‐world networks. The experimental results demonstrate that SPDNE can reduce about 70% of weight parameters of the architecture for the deep autoencoder during the training process while preserving the performance of these dynamical NE models. The results also show that SPDNE achieves the highest accuracy on 72 out of 96 edge prediction and network reconstruction tasks compared with the state‐of‐the‐art dynamical NE algorithms.
Adaptive polynomial Kalman filter for nonlinear state estimation in modified AR time series with fixed coefficients
Authors: Sivaraman Dileep , Ongwattanakul Songpol , Pillai Branesh M. , Suthakorn Jackrit
Published: August 2024

This article presents a novel approach for adaptive nonlinear state estimation in a modified autoregressive time series with fixed coefficients, leveraging an adaptive polynomial Kalman filter (APKF). The proposed APKF dynamically adjusts the evolving system dynamics by selecting an appropriate autoregressive time‐series model corresponding to the optimal polynomial order, based on the minimum residual error. This dynamic selection enhances the robustness of the state estimation process, ensuring accurate predictions, even in the presence of varying system complexities and noise. The proposed methodology involves predicting the next state using polynomial extrapolation. Extensive simulations were conducted to validate the performance of the APKF, demonstrating its superiority in accurately estimating the true system state compared with traditional Kalman filtering methods. The root‐mean‐square error was evaluated for various combinations of standard deviations of sensor noise and process noise for different sample sizes. On average, the root‐mean‐square error value, which represents the disparity between the true sensor reading and estimate derived from the adaptive Kalman filter, was 35.31% more accurate than that of the traditional Kalman filter. The comparative analysis highlights the efficacy of the APKF, showing significant improvements in state estimation accuracy and noise resilience.
Extended correlations between diffuse interstellar bands
Authors: Omont Alain
Published: August 2024

The systematic analysis of the correlations between diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) is extended to weak DIBs through the comprehensive catalogue of the Apache Peak Observatory (APO) of 559 DIBs in 25 lines of sight with diverse interstellar properties. The main results are the following: 1) An extension of the number of DIBs identified to be related to C2, that is, those that need very shielded interstellar regions for their carriers to survive UV photo-dissociation. Based on the correlations with the reference C2 and ζ DIBs, anticorrelations with UV-favoured (σ) DIBs, and the strength ratios in shielded and unshielded sight lines, we propose 12 new C2 candidates and 34 possible “C2-related” DIBs (mostly at λ <5950 Å) in addition to the ~20 known confirmed C2 DIBs. With these additions, the census of C2 DIBs might approach completion. 2) We discovered that the intensities of a large set of poorly studied DIBs are strongly enhanced in one or two of the sight lines of HD 175156 and HD 148579. This tentative class, denoted χ for the time being, extends over the whole wavelength range of visible DIBs. It might include up to 50–100 members, half at λ > 6000 Å, and a number of C2 DIBs. These possible enhancements might reflect specific formation processes of their carriers that are yet to be identified in the interstellar medium of these two sight lines. The possible matches of the wavelength of five very broad DIBs, including three χ DIBs, with the strong bands that were recently measured by action spectroscopy might favour some long carbon chains and rings as carriers of some DIBs. These correlations and findings justify further theoretical and laboratory efforts for improving our understanding of the complex physics, spectroscopy, and chemistry of the various carbon chains and rings, and their possible formation and destruction in the diffuse interstellar medium.
Quality criterion and errors of corrected negative SEA loss factors
Authors: Nieradka Paweł , Dobrucki Andrzej , Chmielewski Bartosz
Published: August 2024

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a well-known numerical method for predicting vibroacoustic phenomena in complex systems. The accuracy of SEA models relies on the precise determination of coupling loss factors and damping loss factors. Experimental SEA (E-SEA) methods, such as the Power Injection Method are commonly employed to measure these parameters. However, these techniques may yield negative loss factors, which are considered measurement errors. Monte Carlo Filtering (MCF) is one of the procedures, that allows the correction of negative loss factors, but the quality of the results remains unknown. The knowledge of the loss factors’ quality is directly related to the practical applications of SEA, where good quality of the input model parameters (coupling and damping loss factors) correspond to good quality and precise simulations of complex vibroacoustic systems (like trains, vehicle, airplanes, buildings) responses. In a previous study, a total loss factor (TLF) criterion was proposed as a quality indicator for the corrected loss factors. The current paper validates the TLF criterion through a comprehensive analysis of various numerical examples. By expanding the Monte Carlo sample’s value range (search area) and using different probability density functions, we intentionally introduced errors in the loss factors. The TLF criterion demonstrated resilience to increasing errors in certain scenarios, raising concerns about its sensitivity. Nevertheless, it seems, that the TLF criterion remains a good indicator of population stability and large error occurrence.
Utilization of Black Soldier Fly larvae juice as a probiotic supplement for broiler chickens: Effect on performance, immunity, haematology, and economic feasibility
Authors: Utari Tazkiyah Annisa , Nugroho Jovano Erris , Erlangga Kevin , Martin Rima Shidqiyya Hidayati , Shofiah Maya , Nahrowi
Published: August 2024

Currently, various types of feed additives are being explored as alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics, and larvae juice is emerging as a promising candidate. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of microorganisms contained in larvae juice as probiotics and determine the optimal dose for male broiler chickens. A total of 250 male Cobb broiler chickens were randomly divided into five treatments with five replications, each containing 10 chickens placed in separate cages. The treatments given included: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), larvae juice 1 mL/L (LJ1), larvae juice 3 mL/L (LJ3), larvae juice 5 mL/L (LJ5). Analysis revealed the predominance of gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus and Actinomyces, in the larvae juice probiotics. Giving probiotic larvae juice at a dose of 5 mL/L in drinking water significantly increases body weight and average daily gain, thereby providing a positive effect on saving feed costs. In conclusion dosage 5 mL/L are considered safe for broilers and do not adversely affect their physiological vital organs, immune system, digestive organs, or blood profile.
Profile of Bromelain Enzyme Extracts by Different Precipitation Methods and Effect of pH and Temperature on Protease Activity
Authors: Suherman Christian , Natsir Muhammad Halim , Widodo Eko , Djunaidi Irfan H.
Published: August 2024

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme in pineapple that can be processed into a feed additive. This research used pineapple peel to obtain bromelain through extraction and precipitation, with twelve treatments: crude extract (T0), bromelain precipitation with ethanol 90%(T1), 80%(T2), 70%(T3), 60%(T4), 50%(T5), 40%(T6), 30%(T7), and ammonium sulfate 60%(T8), 50%(T9), 40%(T10), 30%(T11), 20%(T12). The results showed significant differences in total protein and enzyme activity. Treatments of T0 and T1 produced the highest total protein (p>0.05) but had considerable effect with other treatments (p<0.05). The results of the enzyme activity test showed treatments T0, T1, T2, and T8 did not have a significant effect (p>0.05) but had a considerable effect with other treatments (p<0.05). The crude enzyme extract has greater potential to be used as a feed additive because it is more efficient and affordable and has almost the same quality as 80%, 90% ethanol, and 60% ammonium sulfate treatment in terms of total protein and enzyme activity.
Classification of linear properties of participated cow body used in progeny test in east java
Authors: Larasati Rizka , Susilorini Tri Eko , Surjowardojo Puguh , Wahyuni Rini Dwi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to classify the linear characteristics of the lactation cow's body as Participated Cow used in the progeny test of dairy cows at KAN Jabung, Malang, East Java. Linear body traits, such as udder characteristics reflect milk production capability. The study involved 180 lactating cows. The research method employed a survey approach with data collection through purposive sampling, focusing on lactating cows based on specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, calculating mean value, maximum and minimum values, value of diversity and standard deviation. The results indicated that the Participated Cow linear characteristics including front leg strength, rear leg position, body depth, buttock angle, front randomized angle, rear randomized angle, udder height, udder width, udder depth, front nipple length and back nipple length respectively had a score of 5; 5; 5,5; 4; 5,5; 5; 7; 3; 5; 5; 4. In conclusion, linear classification on PC that meets the ideal score is only 3 variables: hind legs, udder depth and nipple length with a percentage of 27.27%, so further research is needed to evaluate linear properties of PC so that it can be used as a guideline for the selection of PC in the progeny test.
Composition and properties of industrial wastewater and its electrochemical treatment
Authors: Erkabaev Furkat , Muhammadieva Dilrabo , Rabbimkulova Shakhlo
Published: August 2024

In the paper, the focus is on the electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater containing chromium ions. Hexavalent chromium compounds, commonly used in industry, are known to be poisonous and carcinogenic. The study examines the composition of industrial wastewater containing chromium ions and compares it with the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). The research also investigates the purification process's dependency on various factors such as time, initial concentrations of chromium ions, current density, and pH of the medium. Model solutions of industrial wastewater and actual samples are used for this analysis. Based on the results, a basic technological scheme for the electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater is developed. This scheme aims to reduce the concentration of chromium ions to levels that comply with safety regulations. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of effective methods for treating industrial wastewater containing toxic chromium compounds, ensuring environmental safety and regulatory compliance in industrial settings.
Ultimate limit state design of wind turbine tower: A review
Authors: Adiputra Ristiyanto , Dhaneswara RAU , Prabowo AR , Carvalho H.
Published: August 2024

Global demand for a more sustainable energy production continues to increase as the fossil fuel reserves is depleting and the effect of its pollution keeps degrading the environment. Wind energy is emerging as the most promising sustainable energy for its abundant resources and cleanliness. Offshore wind harvesting is a particularly attractive option for wind harvesting as wind speeds are typically higher than on onshore. This means that offshore wind farms can generate more electricity per unit of capacity than onshore wind farms. Offshore wind turbine is subjected to more harsh condition of the marine environment, especially the tower as it must sustain the weight of the rotor nacelle assembly and all the loads in those condition. Based on this condition, the tower construction of a wind turbine system is a critical subject that is worth to be studied further. Therefore, this paper is focused on the study of the applied loads that act upon the wind turbine tower and its influence on the ultimate limit state of the tower.
Comparison of Denoising Methods in Improving V2V/V2X Communication
Authors: Annor Emmanuel , Karottukoikal Chris , Philip Sandeep , Liu Sophie X.
Published: August 2024

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V/V2X) communication is essential to our current transportation systems; it enables vehicles to exchange crucial data for better efficiency and safety. However, communication channels in these networks are susceptible to different forms of interference and noise, which causes a deterioration in signal quality and communication reliability. This paper compares different signal denoising techniques for V2V communication channels, focusing on four prominent methods: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), machine learning, and deep residual networks. We evaluate the denoising performance of each method using simulated signals corrupted by different noises and interference. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of each approach in mitigating noise and possibly improving communication reliability. Specifically, we observe that FFT and DWT offer efficient frequency and time-frequency domain representations for denoising signals. Traditional machine learning methods and residual networks (ResNets) demonstrate superior denoising performance. Our analysis provides insights into the strengths of each denoising technique, and the advantages one can have over the other. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of signal processing techniques for improving the reliability of V2V communication systems in real-world scenarios.
A procedural and technical experimental review on material tensile and impact properties under cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Ahzhan M. F. A. , Muttaqie Teguh , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Fajri Aprianur , Suryanto Suryanto , Do Quang Thang , Djordjevic Branislav , Baek Seung Jung
Published: August 2024

In this paper, research and comparison of tensile and impact properties were conducted on several materials broadly categorized as Steel and Alloys at cryogenic temperature of 77 K or -196°C. Tensile and impact properties exhibit an inverse relationship due to the nature of metals, where if a material has high strength, its ductility will decrease, and if it has high ductility, its strength will decrease. Generally, cryogenic treatment will result in periodic strength enhancement of materials, but a significant reduction in ductility occurs when the temperature surpasses the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT). However, some materials can be processed to achieve desired property advantages, such as high toughness, high ductility, or a balanced combination of ductility and toughness without significant reduction in either property.
Environmental impacts caused by fire and explosion accidents in maritime activities: A review
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Adiputra Ristiyanto , Ehlers Sören , Braun Moritz , Yaningsih Indri , Tjahjana Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija , Muhayat Nurul , Budiana Eko Prasetya
Published: August 2024

Over the past few years, marine transportation accidents have decreased significantly. Marine transportation accidents are complex events often caused by multiple factors through the interaction of multiple parties. These accidents can cause loss of human life and property and ecological and environmental damage. They could disrupt the balance of the industrial and economic situation. This paper comprehensively reviews Fire and Explosion (F.E.) accidents in maritime activities. The subject is narrated through a brief history and the resulting impact on the surrounding marine ecosystem. Then, the study summarizes the policies and regulations derived from international maritime agencies that have governed prevention and countermeasures. Therefore, preliminary research on enhancing the safety and security of composite-based structures is summarized in this review to highlight protection and prevention programs in the maritime scope. Overall, this study covers the current state of the global maritime industry and the policies and regulations for protection from fire and explosion accidents.
Study on the main damaging pests in rice germination period in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kholmurodov Erkin , Avazov Sardor
Published: August 2024

Rice pest, disease, and weed control measures play a crucial role in ensuring the successful cultivation of rice and achieving high yields. In Uzbekistan, where rice cultivation is an important agricultural activity, it has been observed that approximately 5-6% of the rice harvest is lost due to pests. This loss underscores the importance of effective pest management strategies in rice farming. Pests, diseases, and weeds can significantly impact rice crops, leading to reduced yields and lower quality. Pest infestations can cause direct damage to rice plants, while diseases can weaken the plants and make them more susceptible to other stresses. Weeds compete with rice plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight, further reducing yields. To address these challenges, farmers in Uzbekistan and elsewhere employ various pest, disease, and weed control measures. These may include the use of chemical pesticides, biological control methods, and cultural practices such as crop rotation and mulching. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches, which combine multiple strategies to manage pests, are also gaining popularity among rice farmers. Analyzing and studying the impact of pests, diseases, and weeds on rice crops can help farmers make informed decisions about pest management strategies. By understanding the specific challenges faced by rice farmers and the factors contributing to pest and disease outbreaks, researchers and policymakers can develop targeted interventions to improve rice yield and quality.
Efficiency of seed production in growing sesame variety in the southern region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Isabaev Kasimbek , Kurbonova Oftoboyim , Zakirova Sanoatkhon , Abdukhakimova Khusnidakhon , Sotiboldieva Guzalkhon
Published: August 2024

In this article, various cultivation periods and standards for the "Tashkent-122" variety of sesame were examined in the conditions of historically irrigated, moderately loamy, and slightly saline sandy loam soils in the Kashkadarya region. Compared to the control, the variations resulted in a reduction in soil bulk density by 0.02–0.03 g/cm3, an increase in soil fertility by 0.2–0.4%, and a decrease in soil moisture retention to 23.8–23.6 m3/ha. When sown with 2.0 million seeds per hectare on May 15th, preceded by irrigation (HCSPP), soil moisture remained at 65-65-60% relative to field capacity. Additionally, mineral fertilizers were applied at a rate of N100P80K60 kg/ha, and seasonal irrigation totaled 1250 m3/ha. This resulted in a sesame yield of 12.3 quintals per hectare, or an additional 2.1 quintals per hectare compared to the control. When sown on June 15th, with the same variety and seed rate, soil moisture was maintained at 75-75-60% relative to field capacity, with the same application of mineral fertilizers (N100P80K60) and seasonal irrigation (HCSPP). This led to a sesame yield of 8.7 quintals per hectare, or an additional 2.3 quintals per hectare compared to the control. Each hectare yielded a net profit of 578,200 UZS, achieving a profitability level exceeding 28.3 percents.
Morphological structures and properties of typical irrigated gray soils: A case study of Tashkent province
Authors: Burkhanova Dilnavoza , Urmanova Munisa , Sodikova Gulchekhra
Published: August 2024

The research detailed in the article offers a comprehensive examination of typical irrigated gray soils, focusing on their morphological features and fundamental physical and agrochemical characteristics. A critical observation from the study is the variation in bulk density and porosity among these soils. Specifically, it was noted that in typical gray soils, there is a marked decrease in bulk density coupled with an increase in porosity, suggesting a structure that, while dense, allows for significant air and water movement within the soil matrix. The mechanical composition of these soils is primarily characterized by large dust particles and a texture classified as heavy sand. This specific composition impacts both the soil's water-holding capacity and its aeration, factors crucial for plant root development and microbial activity. From an agrochemical standpoint, the research underscores a variance in nutrient levels within typical irrigated gray soils. The humus content, a key indicator of soil fertility, was found to range from low to medium levels, with percentages between 0.35% and 1.13%. This range signifies a modest capability of the soil to sustain plant life, impacting agricultural productivity and necessitating careful soil management practices to enhance organic matter content. The study highlights the nutrient availability in these soils, particularly pointing out the very low levels of mobile phosphorus (ranging from 4.0 to 13.46 mg/kg) and the low to moderate supply of exchangeable potassium (100-213 mg/kg).
Joint application of entomopatogenic fungi against pests
Authors: Zuparov Mirakbar , Ablazova Mokhichekhra
Published: August 2024

The research presented in the article focused on the combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and insecticides to control plant-sucking pests, specifically targeting greenhouse whitefly and cotton aphid. The insecticide Fufanon was applied at a rate of 2.5 L/ha, and a suspension of the entomopathogenic fungus P.varioti with a titer of 6·107 cfu/ml was added to enhance its effectiveness against these pests. The results indicated that when the P.varioti fungus suspension was used in conjunction with Fufanon, the mortality rate of greenhouse whitefly and cotton aphid reached 96.7% and 93.6%, respectively. These figures represented a significant increase in pest mortality compared to using the fungus suspension alone, where the mortality rates were 54.7% and 50.6% for greenhouse whitefly and cotton aphid, respectively. The combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and insecticides offers a promising approach to pest control in agriculture. By harnessing the natural capabilities of fungi to infect and kill pests, farmers can reduce their reliance on chemical insecticides, which can have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Additionally, the use of fungi can help manage resistance issues that may arise with prolonged use of chemical pesticides. The research highlights the potential of integrated pest management strategies that combine biological and chemical control methods to effectively manage plant-sucking pests in agricultural settings.
Effect of irrigation regimes on the growth and development of seed plants of smooth licorice plant
Authors: Urmanova Munisa , Burkhanova Dilnavoza , Namozov Normamat
Published: August 2024

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a valuable medicinal plant with various uses in agriculture and traditional medicine. In Uzbekistan, licorice cultivation has a long history and plays a significant role in the agricultural sector. The plant requires specific cultivation facilities and methods to thrive. One of the key considerations in licorice cultivation is its water requirements. During the first year of growth, licorice plants need a significant amount of water to establish their root system and develop properly. However, as the plants mature, their water needs decrease, although they still require regular irrigation, especially in dry climates like Uzbekistan. The planting scheme and methods for licorice cultivation are also important factors to consider. Proper spacing between plants is necessary to ensure optimal growth and yield. Additionally, licorice plants benefit from well-drained soil and sufficient sunlight. Licorice cultivation offers several benefits, including soil improvement, biodiversity support, and economic opportunities. With proper care and management, licorice can be a valuable crop for farmers in Uzbekistan and contribute to sustainable agriculture practices in the region.
Unlocking Business Sustainability: Investigating the Influence of Humanic Clues in Nigeria's Organic Agricultural Industry
Authors: Aremu Fisayo , Ogunnaike J Olaleke , Oluwakemi O. Onayemi
Published: August 2024

This study examines the significance of human factors in the sustainability of indigenous agricultural enterprises in Nigeria, specifically in terms of customer experience management. The research used a mixed-method, gathering comprehensive data from both customers and workers through surveys and interviews. A structured online questionnaire was made available to 103 workers of selected local agricultural enterprises using a multi-stage sampling approach. The study utilises Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-Smart-PLS) to ascertain the significant roles of mechanical and human inputs in sustainability. The findings underscore the imperative of prioritising employee training to ensure effective customer engagement, with a focus on key aspects such as authentic greetings, pleasant demeanour, and addressing customer needs. This study provides valuable insights into the interplay between sustainability, customer experience management, and the agriculture industry, as well as practical recommendations for enhancing company operations.
Analysis of wastewater treatment methods from pesticide treatment
Authors: Aliyev Makhmud , Makhmudova Dildora , Tulbayev Bakhtiyor , Shamsiyeva Nargis
Published: August 2024

The widespread application of pesticides on crops leads to the rapid contamination of groundwater and surface water bodies. This article explores various techniques for treating wastewater generated during pesticide application in agricultural fields and orchards. It emphasizes the high toxicity of chlorinated benzene, a component extensively used in pesticides, fungicides, and deodorants. The study investigates the effectiveness of combined ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis methods for purifying pesticide-contaminated wastewater. Additionally, the use of nanophotocatalysts is recommended to enhance environmental protection. The impact of pesticide usage on groundwater and surface water bodies in Uzbekistan's agricultural regions is also analyzed. The findings underscore the need for advanced treatment methods to mitigate the environmental risks posed by pesticide pollution..
Teaching Data Science through an Interactive, Hands-On Workshop with Clinically Relevant Case Studies
Authors: Jeffery Alvin D. , Sengstack Patricia
Published: August 2024

Background In this case report, we describe the development of an innovative workshop to bridge the gap in data science education for practicing clinicians (and particularly nurses). In the workshop, we emphasize the core concepts of machine learning and predictive modeling to increase understanding among clinicians.

Objectives Addressing the limited exposure of health care providers to leverage and critique data science methods, this interactive workshop aims to provide clinicians with foundational knowledge in data science, enabling them to contribute effectively to teams focused on improving care quality.

Methods The workshop focuses on meaningful topics for clinicians, such as model performance evaluation and introduces machine learning through hands-on exercises using free, interactive python notebooks. Clinical case studies on sepsis recognition and opioid overdose death provide relatable contexts for applying data science concepts.

Results Positive feedback from over 300 participants across various settings highlights the workshop's effectiveness in making complex topics accessible to clinicians.

Conclusion Our approach prioritizes engaging content delivery and practical application over extensive programming instruction, aligning with adult learning principles. This initiative underscores the importance of equipping clinicians with data science knowledge to navigate today's data-driven health care landscape, offering a template for integrating data science education into health care informatics programs or continuing professional development.
Pseudoephedrine-Induced Risks of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Shanmugam Arun , Gobinath Mirunalini , Hussain Mohamed Harshath Jahir
Published: August 2024

Background Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug used as a nasal/sinus decongestant in common cold remedies.

Objective The purpose of this review article is to discuss the pseudoephedrine-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), which have been reported to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) of United Kingdom and Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) and Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Materials and Methods The aim is to review the literature pertinent to PRES and RCVS linked to the use of pseudoephedrine; the literature was searched in databases such as Medline/PubMed/PMC, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and reference lists.

Results The review by MHRA of the United Kingdom and PRAC and CHMP of EMA, all available evidence, including postmarketing safety data, and a few case reports, have confirmed the rare risk of PRES and RCVS associated with the use of pseudoephedrine.

Conclusion Health care professionals should be aware of pseudoephedrine-associated PRES and RCVS. Patients with severe or uncontrolled hypertension or those with severe acute or chronic renal disease should avoid using products containing pseudoephedrine.
Effect of probe structure on wave transmission spectra of microwave cutoff probe
Authors: Lee Jae-Heon , Yeom Hee-Jung , Chae Gwang-Seok , Kim Jung-Hyung , Lee Hyo-Chang
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examined the potential errors in plasma-density measurements using the cutoff probe method under various structural conditions, such as tip distance and length. Our studies indicate that under conditions of thin sheath thickness, the length or distance of the metal tips on the cutoff probe has a slight effect on the plasma transmission spectrum or cutoff frequency. However, under conditions with a notably thick sheath, the structure of the probe tip can cause an error of up to 2% between the measured cutoff frequency and actual plasma frequency. Consequently, for precise measurements of plasma density using the cutoff probe method, it is imperative to maintain a probe tip distance exceeding five times the sheath width and utilize a sufficiently long probe tip length. This finding is anticipated to provide essential guidelines for the design and fabrication of effective cutoff probes and enhance the accuracy of plasma-density measurements using a cutoff probe.
Joint estimation of noise and nonlinearity in Kerr systems
Authors: Notarnicola Michele N. , Olivares Stefano , Paris Matteo G. A.
Published: August 2024

We address the characterization of lossy and dephasing channels in the presence of self-Kerr interaction using coherent probes. In particular, we investigate the ultimate bounds to precision in the joint estimation of loss and nonlinearity and of dephasing and nonlinearity. To this aim, we evaluate the quantum Fisher information matrix and compare the symmetric quantum Cramér–Rao bound to the bound obtained with Fisher information matrix of feasible quantum measurements, i.e., homodyne and double-homodyne detection. For lossy Kerr channels, our results show that the loss characterization is enhanced in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, especially in the relevant limit of small losses and low input energy, whereas the estimation of nonlinearity itself is unavoidably degraded by the presence of loss. In the low energy regime, homodyne detection of a suitably optimized quadrature represents a nearly optimal measurement. The Uhlmann curvature does not vanish; therefore, loss and nonlinearity can be jointly estimated only with the addition of intrinsic quantum noise. For dephasing Kerr channels, the quantum Fisher information of the two parameters is independent of the nonlinearity, and therefore, no enhancement is observed. Homodyne detection and double-homodyne detection are suboptimal for the estimation of dephasing and nearly optimal for nonlinearity. Also in this case, the Uhlmann curvature is nonzero, proving that the parameters cannot be jointly estimated with maximum precision.
Embedding FBG sensors for monitoring vital signs of the human body: Recent progress over the past decade
Authors: Krizan Daniel , Stipal Jiri , Nedoma Jan , Oliveira Sandro , Fajkus Marcel , Cubik Jakub , Siska Petr , Schena Emiliano , Lo Presti Daniela , Marques Carlos
Published: August 2024

Fiber optic sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology have the potential to revolutionize the way vital signs of the human body are measured and monitored. By leveraging their unique properties, these sensors can provide accurate and reliable data, thus enhancing the effectiveness of wearable devices. The integration of FBG sensors into different materials not only broadens their application scope but also improves user comfort and device practicality. However, some challenges remain in optimizing the embedding process to ensure sensor performance and durability. This review provides an overview of FBG technology employed for measuring vital signs of the human body reported in the past decade. The focus of the review is on the FBG embedding strategies into different materials, categorized into these three main groups (i.e., 3D printed, textiles, and polymers) and explores the implications of embedding fiber optic sensors in each category. Furthermore, it discusses the potential impact of these embedded sensors on the accuracy, comfort, and practicality of wearable devices designed for monitoring vital signs, highlighting the potential of these sensors to transform the field of health monitoring. Future research directions may include exploring new materials for embedding and refining sensor design further to improve the accuracy and comfort of these wearable devices. Ultimately, the evolution of fiber optic sensors could significantly advance the field of human vital sign monitoring, paving the way for more sophisticated and user-friendly health monitoring systems.
Study on temperature noise suppression characteristics of passive thermal control materials in gravitational wave detection
Authors: Chen Hua , Kang Jia-He , Zhao Rui , Yang Chang-Peng , Zhao Xin , Cheng Wen-Long
Published: August 2024

Space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector requires high detection sensitivity in millihertz band. Temperature noise characterized by temperature amplitude spectral density (TASD) in target frequency band (0.1 mHz–100 mHz) must be limited to μK Hz−1/2 level. However, TASD at ultra-low frequency ascends sharply, leading to temperature noise suppression failure of passive thermal control material (PTM). In this paper, we proposed ‘frequency barrier’ to denote the sharply TASD transition at ultra-low frequency and developed temperature noise transmission model to study the effect of heat flow spectral characteristics and PTM thermophysical properties on TASD and frequency barrier. The results showed that reducing PTM thermal conductivity could decrease TASD apparently at certain heat flow frequency, but minimum TASD limit exist which increases with decreasing heat flow frequency. Frequency barrier decreases with decreasing thermal conductivity and increasing specific heat capacity of PTM. High heat capacity materials accumulate more heat, while low thermal conductivity materials attenuate more temperature fluctuations, enabling effective temperature noise suppression at low heat flow frequency and broadening PTM’s temperature noise suppression range. The obtained frequency barrier correlation provides guidance for the material selection criterion of temperature noise suppression in space-borne GW detection.
Strategy to enhance the performance of spin field effect transistors-insert effective intermediate layer graphene
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Zhu Si-Cong , Liu Fangqi
Published: August 2024

Novel spin field effect transistors (FETs) with metal contacts are designed to reduce the high Schottky barrier height (SBH) due to Fermi pinning, reducing energy consumption and increasing their performance. Herein, we effectively enhance the conductivity (106 orders of magnitude) and current threshold of the FETs by introducing interlayer graphene in the contact interface between the semiconductor blue phosphorus and the metal, thereby reducing the interlayer resistance. Electronic structure analysis shows that Blue Phosphorus–Graphene–Cu modulates the lowest SBH, yielding a larger FETs conductance compared to other metal systems. The spin injection further enhances the efficiency of FETs as rectifiers (enhanced 13%). This theoretical work provides rational guidance for realizing innovations in next-generation high-performance transistor technology, demonstrating the inherent potential of the regulatory mechanism.
Investigation of pedestal parameters and divertor heat fluxes in small ELM regimes in DIII-D
Authors: Traverso P.J. , Knolker M. , Austin M. , Lasnier C. , Leonard A.W. , Osborne T. , Wang H.
Published: August 2024

Divertor heat flux and its correlation with pedestal parameters within various small edge localized mode (ELM) regimes, including high beta poloidal, type-II and ELMs with negative triangularity H-modes were investigated in DIII-D. The parallel energy fluences of type-II and high beta poloidal small ELM regimes fall below the linear scaling with pedestal electron pressure for type-I ELMs put forward in Eich et al 2017 (Nucl. Mater. Energy
12 84–90). The negative triangularity of H-mode ELMs follow the Eich scaling for type-I ELMs. The parallel heat flux and total heat loads to the divertor were determined using high-time resolution infrared thermography, while pedestal parameters were obtained through self-consistent kinetic equilibrium reconstructions. Linear regressions for the type-II and high beta poloidal regimes demonstrate that an equivalent 7.5 MA small ELM scenario in ITER would fall below the ~5 

MJ

m

−
2

leading edge melting limit for tungsten (Gunn et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion
57 046025). Utilizing fast thermography, the scrape-off layer power fall-off length for both inter-ELM and intra-ELM was determined and compared to the Eich scaling with poloidal magnetic field in Eich et al (ASDEX Upgrade Team and JET EFDA Contributors 2013 Nucl. Fusion
53 093031). Except for the high beta poloidal scenario, all the small ELM regimes during both inter- and intra-ELM periods had power fall-off lengths

(

λ
q

)

larger then would be expected from the

B

pol

,

MP

−
1

scaling associated with type-I ELMs, signifying their potential in managing heat loads and offering a solution for core–edge integration.
Geospatial Mapping of Occupational Safety and Health Risks of an Aquaculture Enterprise
Authors: Saulia L , Hanif F , Herwanto R
Published: August 2024

Intensive aquaculture businesses that have large areas with certain work environment characteristics need to implement policies to ensure occupational safety and health (OSH). One of the stages in the OSH management system that must be implemented is monitoring and evaluation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enables spatial representation of data to support monitoring and evaluation. This research was carried out to develop integrated system of OSH risk of an aquaculture enterprise into GIS. Methodology employed was data collection, hazard identification and risk analysis (HIRA), and geospatial mapping and data integration. The results presented the implementation of OSH risk analysis within the GIS, as GIS providing locations of potential hazards from work activities with their corresponding risk levels.