bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of amine gas purification technology from acidic components
Authors: Muratova Gulsim , Tarabrin Mikhail
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The relevance of investigating the processes of amine gas purification is manifested in the constant need to improve this technology to effectively reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and in the search for more efficient, energy-saving and environmentally sustainable methods of cleaning gas streams.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of existing methods of amine gas purification from acidic components to determine the most optimal and effective approach to ensure a high degree of purity of the purified gas.

Methodology. To achieve this goal, a statistical method, a comparative method, and analysis were used.

Results. As a result of the study, a detailed assessment of the key problems and disadvantages associated with the amine purification process was carried out. As part of this, the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the existing gas purification technology were identified. Among the proposed solutions, the importance of careful selection of the optimal composition of the alkanolamine mixture was identified. This important discovery highlighted the importance of the composition to ensure that the finished gas product meets quality standards. It is also an important step to maintain optimal conditions of the technological regime, which contributes to the more efficient operation of gas purification systems.

Conclusions. All the suggestions and improvements developed during the research have significant practical applications. Their implementation can reduce energy costs and increase the efficiency of gas purification from acidic components, which allows enterprises to introduce more efficient methods of gas purification and improve production quality.
Ініціативи підтримки ветеранів на регіональному рівні в Україні в умовах соціально-економічної кризи
Authors: Голубєв О. В.
Published: April 2024

Умови соціально-економічної кризи, що склались в Україні внаслідок воєнної агресії з боку рф, потребують комплексного науково обґрунтованого підходу до вирішення проблем ветеранів, особливо на регіональному рівні. У статті висвітлені ініціативи підтримки ветеранів, які можуть бути реалізовані на місцевому рівні в різних областях країни в межах реалізованої реформи децентралізації, що сприятиме впливу на поліпшення життєвих умов ветеранів та членів їх родин. У статті використано кількісні та якісні методи дослідження для оцінки широкого спектру ініціатив, включаючи можливі програми соціальної адаптації, професійної перекваліфікації, психологічної підтримки, а також забезпечення житлом. Особлива увага приділяється удосконаленню взаємодії між державними органами та органами місцевого самоврядування, що сприяє формуванню ефективних стратегій вирішення ветеранських питань. У дослідженні акцентовано, що незважаючи на значні зусилля, багато програм стикаються з проблемами фінансування, координації дій, а також із залученням самих ветеранів до участі у програмах. Запропоновано інтегрований підхід до активізації участі спільноти у забезпеченні адаптації програм підтримки ветеранів до специфічних регіональних умов. Обґрунтовано, що в умовах воєнного стану, який сколихнув Україну, створення ветеранських центрів на рівні регіонів набуває особливої актуальності та важливості. Ці центри відіграють критичну роль у вирішенні комплексу проблем, з якими стикаються ветерани після повернення до цивільного життя. Акцентовано, що цілеспрямоване фінансування та ефективна координація діяльності ветеранських центрів на регіональному рівні може стати ключовим для забезпечення їх успішності. Конкретизовані напрями створення та функціонування ветеранських центрів на рівні регіонів, що сприятиме посиленню їх значущості у відновленні ветеранів, зміцненні національної безпеки та соціальної стабільності. Висвітлено, як регіональні ініціативи можуть слугувати моделлю для національної політики підтримки ветеранів та важливості враховувати особливості кожного регіону для створення дієвих і сталих рішень. Результати дослідження сприятимуть глибшому розумінню механізмів підтримки ветеранів і зміцненню їхньої інтеграції в цивільне суспільство.
Prospects for Improving Administrative and Legal Support for the Application of an Urgent Restraining Order
Authors: Golovko Liudmyla , Vysotskyi Volodymyr , Medvedska Viktoriia
Published: April 2024

The article identifies the prospects for improving the administrative and legal support for the application of an urgent restraining order, which is a type of special measures to respond to manifestations of domestic violence. It is determined that the ratification of the Istanbul Convention and the need to amend the current legislation of Ukraine on combating domestic violence in this regard have a positive impact on the protection of the rights of victims. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for improving the administrative and legal support for the application of an urgent restraining order in Ukraine. In the course of writing this article, the following methods were used: dialectical, comparative and axiological. The author reveals the essence of the concept of an urgent restraining order and identifies its main features. The author emphasizes that it is appropriate to use the phrase "special measures to combat domestic violence" rather than "special measures to combat domestic violence". It is emphasized that the functions of an urgent restraining order are aimed not only at combating but also at preventing domestic violence, since they also aim to influence the personality of the offender in order to prevent the recurrence of domestic violence. A comparative analysis of the UAE and Spanish legislation on the application of an urgent restraining order is made, which may be appropriate for Ukraine to adopt. The author formulates promising directions for improving the administrative and legal support for the application of an urgent restraining order, namely: 1) strengthening of administrative liability for failure to comply with an urgent restraining order; 2) determination at the legislative level of the possibility to extend the term of an urgent restraining order until the end of consideration in court of the affected person's application for a restraining order. The article is of a theoretical nature and identifies the prospects for improving administrative and legal support in accordance with the subject matter of the study.
CNN-Based Object Recognition and Tracking System to Assist Visually Impaired People
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology Virudhunagar, India., C Karthiga
Published: April 2024

Visually impaired peoples (VIPs) are a significant population segment worldwide. A system has been developed to aid mobility and ensure their safety. The system uses artificial voice for real-time navigation, allowing VIPs to perceive their surroundings. A web application is also created for their safety, allowing them to share their location with family. The project focuses on object recognition, converting detected object names (such as person1, person2, Dog, cat) into audio for easier understanding. Keywords— Visually impaired peoples (VIPs), artificial voice, object recognition, object name, audio
A Reappraisal on Link between Goodwill and Financial Performance in Sport Industry of Jalandhar
Authors: Anil, Shinde Ashlesh
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comprehensive reconsideration of the subtle relationship between goodwill and financial performance in the sports industry. Traditionally, goodwill has been linked to intangible assets like brand reputation and consumer loyalty, which are difficult to measure. The study explores how goodwill, which is continuously reflected through brand reputation, fan loyalty, functions as a critical asset in improving financial outcomes for sports companies. By evaluating multiple revenue streams like sponsorships, retail sales, broadcast rights, and match day revenues, the study illustrates the mutually beneficial for a goodwill foundation and improved financial success. Furthermore, the study explores the moderating impacts of external factors such as market dynamics, competitive success, and digital media presence, providing a more nuanced picture of how goodwill contributes to long-term financial growth in the sports industry. It investigates how intangible assets like goodwill can be translated into actual financial rewards such as larger sponsorships, bigger ticket sales, and higher television ratings. The study's findings are especially pertinent for sports business owners and industry experts who want to manage the intricacies of managing a team or event in an increasingly competitive market. This reappraisal intends to broaden the debate on sports management and provide concrete lessons for practitioners seeking to harness goodwill as a strategic asset for financial success. Key words: Goodwill, Financial Performance, Sports Industry, Brand Reputation, Fan Loyalty, Sponsorships.
Survey paper on Face Recognition Based Attendance System
Authors: Yadav Sujit
Published: April 2024

The integration of face recognition technology into attendance management systems has emerged as a transformative solution for monitoring and optimizing attendance processes in educational institutions and organizations. This report presents an in-depth analysis of a project dedicated to the development and implementation of a Face Recognition Attendance System (FRAS) and examines its efficiency and security in various real-world scenarios. The report begins by discussing the significance of attendance tracking systems in educational and corporate environments, highlighting the shortcomings of traditional methods and the potential benefits of face recognition technology. It explores the underlying principles of face recognition, focusing on the algorithms and techniques used to capture and process facial data. The project methodology and implementation details are outlined, covering the hardware and software components used to create the FRAS. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges encountered during the system’s development and the strategies employed to overcome them. A comprehensive evaluation of the system’s performance and efficiency is presented, including accuracy, speed, and scalability, with comparisons to traditional attendance systems. Moreover, the report addresses security concerns associated with the FRAS, such as data protection, privacy, and vulnerability to spoofing. The report concludes with a discussion of the practical implications and future prospects of implementing face recognition technology in attendance systems. It highlights the system’s potential to streamline administrative tasks, reduce errors, and enhance security, while also emphasizing the need for ongoing research and development to address emerging challenges. Overall, this report provides a valuable insight into the evolving landscape of attendance management and the role that face recognition technology can play in revolutionizing these processes, balancing efficiency with security considerations.
Determinant of Probability of Indian Listed Commercial Bank
Authors:   GALGOTIAS University, Chauhan Divanshu
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the determinants of profitability among commercial banks in India over the period from 1999 to 2022, utilizing unbalanced panel data comprising 108 banks. By examining both internal bank-specific characteristics and external macroeconomic factors, we assess how these variables impact profitability across different types of banks. Our findings suggest that liquidity conditions, as measured by the loan-to-asset ratio, do not significantly affect profitability. However, credit risk, represented by the ratio of loan loss provisions to total loans, demonstrates a positive relationship with profitability for foreign and private banks. Diversification has conflicting effects on profitability, with SBI & Associates banks and public banks benefiting from it, while new private banks experience negative impacts. The influence of overhead costs on profitability varies across bank types, positively impacting return on equity for all banks and foreign banks, but negatively affecting return on equity for public banks. Conversely, it positively impacts return on assets for all banks but negatively impacts return on assets for private banks. Capital strength exhibits a negative association with profitability across all banks and a positive association for public banks, with inconclusive results for private banks. Bank size does not show a significant relationship with profitability across all bank types. Regarding macroeconomic factors, while indicators like money supply growth and inflation do not significantly impact return on equity, they positively influence return on assets, albeit with variations across ownership types. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of factors influencing bank profitability in India and underscores the importance of tailored management strategies to navigate these complexities effectively.
Automatic Identification of on Shelf Stock Availability in Retail Shops Using GCN
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Engineering, R.V.R.&J.C. College of Engineering, India, Mohan Bandaru
Published: April 2024

In retail industry ensuring on shelf availability is crucial for customer satisfaction. This project introduces an innovative solution for automated on shelf stock monitoring by Graph Convolution Network (GCN) fundamental algorithm as framework. This particular system will combine computer vision techniques to capture real time shelf images and employees GCN to process the visual data efficiently. Through graph based representation of store shelves and products, the GCN algorithm will analyze the items and their availability status. This project includes in data collection, image preprocessing, object detection. The application of GCN is used to construct a dynamic graph that capture items. This algorithm’s ability to model complex dependencies within the shelf inventory facilitates accurate stock availability. Alerts are generated when low stock or out of stock situations are detected. Keywords—super pixel graph ,Graph convolutional network ,SVM , shelf image and notification alert
Speaker Recognition Using MFCC-BPNN-HHO
Authors:   dept of Electronics and communication engineering  RVR & JC College Of Engineering, Harish Dasari
Published: April 2024

Speaker recognition plays a pivotal role in speech processing. This paper proposes an enhancement to the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) by incorporating Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) for weight optimization, and evaluates its performance compared to the standalone BPNN. Both methods employ Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) for feature extraction from input data. The study assesses the proposed system on a dataset comprising 10 speakers, with each providing 10 utterances. Results demonstrate that the integrated MFCC-BPNN-HHO approach outperforms the standalone BPNN, achieving enhanced accuracy in speaker recognition tasks. Specifically, the accuracy of the BPNN-HHO was found to be significantly higher than that of the BPNN alone, indicating the effectiveness of the HHO optimization technique in improving speaker recognition accuracy. This study underscores the potential of integrating optimization algorithms like HHO with BPNN to further refine speaker recognition systems and contribute to advancements in speech processing technology. This approach has promising applications in access control, identity verification and other security-related domains where biometric authentication is essential. Keywords—MFCC, BPNN, HHO
HOMMIE: CONVERSATIONAL AI ASSISTANT
Authors:   Student,Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj College of Engineering,, Khandave Vrushali
Published: April 2024

Conversational AI assistants have witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, transforming human-computer interaction across a spectrum of applications. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art techniques, methodologies, and challenges in the field. We examine the core components of conversational AI, including natural language understanding, dialogue management, and response generation. Additionally, we address key challenges such as context modeling, personalization, and ethical considerations. The paper serves as a roadmap for researchers and developers, highlighting current achievements and avenues for future advancements in the dynamic domain of conversational AI. keyword - Conversational AI, NLP, Assistant, Machine Learning, Chatbot
Challenges and Opportunities of AI in Banking Sector
Authors:   Student, Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, Panwar Preeti
Published: April 2024

This systematic literature review (SLR) conducts a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities arising from the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the banking sector, in particular Special focus on Indian banks. The review reveals many opportunities to support AI, including the rise of fintech startups providing AI solutions, regulatory support for AI integration, as well as the benefits of personalized services digitalization, smart wallets, and improved decision-making capabilities. However, these opportunities come with notable challenges, such as job mobility, privacy concerns, reduced creativity and adaptability, and gaps in abilities, digital access. The article highlights the need for banking industry stakeholders to develop effective strategies to address these challenges and align AI initiatives with overall business goals. Additionally, the study highlights the lack of empirical research on AI in banking, emphasizing the importance of future research to expand the existing knowledge base and provide insights actionable identity for industry stakeholders. This study aims to provide insights into how Indian banks can leverage AI effectively while navigating the challenges inherent in its adoption. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI adoption, banking sector, challenges, opportunities, fintech, regulatory support, job displacement, privacy concerns, digital access.
AI Driven Applications for Precision Weed Management in Agricultural Crops
Authors:   Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Sethu Institute Of Technology,Virudunagar District,TamilNadu., Selvakumar Dr.R .Rubesh
Published: April 2024

Agriculture plays a most important role in our Indian economy and therefore lowering the cost of production and improving the quality of agricultural products is highly demanded. A weed is a plant which grows in wrong place at the wrong time and doing mostly harm than crops. Weed competes with the crops for water, light, nutrients and space, and therefore it prevents crop yields. This paper proposes a new method in a contrary way, which combines deep learning and image processing technology to prevent these weeds. Machine learning technologies, are becoming crucial in agriculture to increase productivity, where advanced automation and control have been required. Based on large training datasets and pre-trained models, (Deep Learning) DL-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) methods have proven to be more accurate than previous traditional techniques. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) has gained much attention due to its advantages in object detection, classification, and feature extraction. The system implementation of image processing technique for weed detection, a trained image is taken as a sample in order to demonstrate the difference between weed and the crop. Yolo frame work is used for annotate boundary boxes to the image with datasets. The effectiveness of the (You Only Live Once) YOLO-WEED system for real-time Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) weed detection, given its high speed and high accuracy in detection. After certain steps, we get desired output, where the weeds are separated from the crop that has been taken in the sample image. Key Words: DeepLearning,CNN, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Precision Weed Detection.
Merger and Acquisition in Banking Industry
Authors:   GALGOTIAS University, Sharma Shivam
Published: April 2024

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) represent significant strategic maneuvers in corporate finance and management, involving the combination, acquisition, or division of companies to achieve various objectives. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of M&A, focusing on mergers as agreements uniting two companies into one entity. Mergers are pursued to expand reach, enter new markets, diversify offerings, or gain market share, ultimately aimed at creating shareholder value. Two primary types of mergers are discussed: conglomerate mergers, which involve companies in unrelated business activities, and congeneric mergers, where companies operate in the same sector with overlapping factors. Understanding the nuances of these mergers is essential for stakeholders involved in corporate decision-making. Additionally, regulatory frameworks, such as the Companies Act, 1856, play a crucial role in governing M&A transactions, although regulatory landscapes may vary across jurisdictions. By delving into the intricacies of M&A, this paper provides insights into strategic management practices and the dynamic landscape of corporate restructuring.
Performance Analysis of New Hybrid Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Approach for WSNs
Authors:   DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology Jalandhar, Shera Harpreet Kaur
Published: April 2024

One of the biggest obstacles to the development of wireless sensor network (WSN) is achieving energy efficiency. Since transmission accounts for the majority of energy consumption, clustering of the network is adopted by the research community to address this issue. In clustering protocols, the prime focus is given on cluster head selection method to achieve better network lifetime. In this paper, the cluster head selection is optimized by using Firefly method where the attractiveness of the nodes is computed using Firefly which optimizes the head selection process. The protocol was simulated in MATLAB and the performance of the network was analyzed based on energy consumed in the network and number of nodes alive. The proposed protocol showed better performance than the other two indicating the achievement of better network lifetime. Keywords: Wireless sensor network (WSN), Firefly Optimization, Clustering, Energy efficiency
A Qualitative Exploration of Acceptance of a Conversational Chatbot as a Tool for Mental Health Support among University Students in Sudan
Authors:   Alnazir for Research and Consulting, Sudan and CII SBPM Residency Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Mustafa Sara Hassan , Mohammed Elsir Abdelmutaal ,   CII SBPM Residency Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Salih Ahmed Mustafa ,   Alnazir for Research and Consulting, Sudan., Palani Kanagarajan ,   CII SBPM Residency Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Albushra Maha Mohamed Omer ,   Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan., Makkawi Salma Taha ,   CII SBPM Residency Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Mustafa Amgad Hassan ,   Alnazir for Research and Consulting, Sudan.
Published: April 2024

Background: Sudan’s political and economic challenges have increased mental health issues among university students, but access to mental healthcare is limited. Digital health interventions, such as chatbots, could provide a potential solution to inadequate care. This study aimed to evaluate the level of acceptance of a mental health chatbot prototype among university students in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study investigated the perspectives of university students regarding a mental health chatbot prototype designed specifically for this research and deployed on Telegram. Twenty participants aged 18+, owning smartphones, and not receiving mental health treatment tested the prototype. Data was collected through individual, face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using both deductive and inductive content analysis methods. Results: Most of the participants acknowledged the importance of mental health but felt that it was an overlooked issue in Sudan. Participants considered the chatbot to be a unique and innovative concept, offering valuable features. They viewed the chatbot as a user-friendly and accessible tool, with advantages such as convenience, anonymity, and accessibility, and potential cost and time savings. However, most participants agreed that the chatbot has many limitations and should not be seen as a substitute for seeing a doctor or therapist. Conclusion: The mental health chatbot was viewed positively by participants in the study. Chatbots can be promising tools for providing accessible and confidential mental health support for university students in countries like Sudan. Long-term studies are required to assess chatbot’s mental health benefits and risks. Keywords: mental health, chatbots, university students, Sudan, young adults
Identifikasi Dampak Perubahan Suhu Pada Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Krisna Wijaya Michael Gary , Destiyani Ira , Rahayu Rina
Published: April 2024

Dataran Tinggi Dieng merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan keanekaragam flora dan fauna yang melimpah. Fluktuasi suhu sering terjadi pada wilayah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan drastis pada suhu di daerah Dieng Jawa Tengah; 2) menganalisis dampak perubahan suhu terhadap lingkungan, ekosistem hingga makhluk hidup Dieng; dan 3) mencari solusi untuk mengatasi dampak negatif dari perubahan Dieng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dari beberapa jurnal yang kemudian dirangkum, dianalisis serta didukung argument dari peneliti. Kawasan Dieng memiliki suhu yang berbeda-beda pada siang dan malam hari karena adanya curah hujan yang menjadikan berbedaan suhu. Hal ini berdampak pada sektor pertanian masyarakat, pariwisata, kesehatan pada masyarakat. Hal ini dapat ditanggulangi dengan beberapa strategi, seperti pemanfaatan tanaman yang tahan terhadap perubahan suhu, menjaga kesehatan tubuh, serta pengelolaan pariwisata yang baik. Oleh karena itu adanya perubahan suhu yang signifikan berdampak positif dan negatif bagi ekosistem dan masyarakat sekitar. Dampak positifnya seperti pemanfaatan suhu dingin menjadi wisata dan dampak negatifnya kesehatan masyarakat dan pertanian yang buruk.
Penambangan Pasir Ilegal
Authors: Ain Nurahmi  , A Zahid
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Case on of that  research   is to show that the effects of fine crackle exploitation are related to the sustainability of the area on Sumbersari Area, Nglegok Region. Where that  research intends to elaborate that  the effects of fine crackle exploitation are related to the sustainability of the area on Sumbersari Area, Nglegok Region and to respond related to this problem, review use qualitative approach, how to process the data with investigation, interviews, and filing. And the main thing this of the study show that   effects of fine crackle exploitation are related to the sustainability of the area on Sumbersari Area, Nglegok Region, Blitar City, which the main thing this provides good  effect in the form of increased income for miners and the availability of material in the form of natural sand at affordable prices and order times tend to be faster.
‘Het recht op een kind bestaat niet’
Authors: van Beers B.C.
Published: April 2024

‘Het recht op een kind bestaat niet’ De rechten van het kind in het Nederlandse beleid ten aanzien van de internationale adoptie- en voortplantingsmarkt (Miek de Langen-lezing 2023)

Gezinsvorming via de internationale adoptie- en voortplantingsmarkt brengt verschillende risico’s voor de bescherming van kinderrechten met zich. Door gebruik te maken van deze buitenlandse markten omzeilen Nederlandse wensouders regelgeving die er mede op is gericht om de rechten van het kind te beschermen. Met name de inbedding, identiteit en waardigheid van kinderen kunnen onder druk komen te staan in deze commerciële setting. De centrale vraag van deze beschouwing is of de rechten en waardigheid van kinderen in het Nederlandse beleid ten aanzien van de internationale adoptie- en voortplantingsmarkt wel voldoende worden beschermd. Is er sprake van voortschrijdend inzicht? Welke lessen kunnen worden geleerd van interlandelijke adoptie voor internationaal draagmoederschap en gebruik van buitenlandse ei- en zaadcellen?
Avaliação sazonal do aerossol e suas propriedades ópticas na Zona Leste de São Paulo
Authors: Ramos Beatriz Macedo , Miranda Regina Maura de
Published: April 2024

Na cidade de São Paulo, as altas concentrações de material particulado fino (MP2.5) na atmosfera trazem à tona os problemas relacionados à má qualidade do ar e à saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo do MP2.5 e suas propriedades ópticas na Zona Leste da capital. A partir de dados fornecidos pelas estações de monitoramento da qualidade do ar da CETESB, e por um fotômetro pertencente à rede AERONET (https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov), foram analisados a variação temporal do MP2.5, e os parâmetros profundidade óptica do aerossol (AOD), expoente de Ångström (AE) e albedo simples (SSA), no período entre 2017 e 2021. Os resultados mostraram que, ao longo dos 5 anos, as concentrações do poluente estudado ficaram acima do padrão diário de qualidade do ar da CETESB em 19 dias, e acima do valor recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 913 dias. A concentração média do MP2.5 para o período foi de 17,79 μg/m³. As concentrações de MP2.5, assim como os parâmetros AE, AOD e SSA, apresentaram picos em seus valores durante a estação seca, devido às condições meteorológicas desfavoráveis, influenciados pelas fontes locais e por aerossóis provenientes da queima de biomassa. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de atenção por parte dos órgãos competentes para incentivar novas tecnologias e medidas que minimizem a emissão de poluentes, especialmente na Zona Leste de São Paulo, região densamente povoada, com a presença de indústrias e vias de grande tráfego de veículos.
Non-communicable airway disease and air pollution in three African Countries: Benin, Cameroon and The Gambia
Authors: Awokola B. , Lawin H. , Johnson O. , Humphrey A. , Nzogo D. , Zubar L. , Okello G. , Semple S. , Awokola E. , Amusa G. , Mohammed N. , Jewell C. , Erhart A. , Mortimer K. , Devereux G. , Mbatchou-Ngahane B.H.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Air pollution exposure can increase the risk of development and exacerbation of chronic airway disease (CAD). We set out to assess CAD patients in Benin, Cameroon and The Gambia and to compare their measured exposures to air
pollution.

METHODOLOGY
We recruited patients with a diagnosis of CAD from four clinics in the three countries. We collected epidemiological, spirometric and home air pollution data.

RESULTS
Of
the 98 adults recruited, 56 were men; the mean age was 51.6 years (standard deviation ±17.5). Most (69%) patients resided in cities and ever smoking was highest in Cameroon (23.0%). Cough, wheeze and shortness of breath were reported across the countries. A diagnosis of asthma was present
in 74.0%; 16.3% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 4.1% had chronic bronchitis. Prevalence of airflow obstruction was respectively 77.1%, 54.0% and 64.0% in Benin, Cameroon, and Gambia. Across the sites, 18.0% reported >5 exacerbations. The median home particulate matter less
than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) was respectively 13.0 μg/m3, 5.0 μg/m3 and 4.4 μg/m3. The median home carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were respectively 1.6 parts per million (ppm), 0.3 ppm and 0.4 ppm. Home PM2.5 differed significantly
between the three countries (P < 0.001) while home CO did not.

CONCLUSION
Based on these results, preventive programmes should focus on ensuring proper spirometric diagnosis, good disease control and reduction in air
pollution exposure.
A pilot cross-sectional study of non-communicable diseases in TB household contacts
Authors: Hamada Y. , Lugendo A. , Ntshiqa T. , Kubeka G. , Lalashowi J.M. , Mwastaula S. , Ntshamane K. , Sabi I. , Wilson S. , Copas A. , Velen K. , Ntinginya N.E. , Minja L.T. , Abubakar I. , Charalambous S. , Rangaka M.X.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Data on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in TB household contacts (HHCs) are limited, yet important to inform integrated screening and care for NCD within contact investigations. It is also unclear if screening
these contacts reveals more people with NCDs than individuals in the same neighbourhood.

METHOD
We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study in South Africa and Tanzania, enrolling adult HHCs of TB and individuals in neighbourhood
households (controls). We inquired about known NCD and systematically measured blood pressure, and tested for spot blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c.

RESULTS
We enrolled 203 adult contacts of 111 persons with TB and 160 controls.
Among contacts, respectively 12.2% (95% CI 8.3–17.6) and 39.7% (95% CI 33.1–46.7) had diabetes and hypertension, compared to 14.1% (95% CI 9.2–21.0) and 44.7% (95% CI 36.9–52.7) among controls. More than half of NCDs were newly identified. We did not find a significant
difference in the prevalence of at least one NCD between the two groups (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.50–1.45, adjusted for age and sex).

CONCLUSIONS
We found a high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs among contacts, suggesting a potential
benefit of integrating NCD screening and care within contact investigations. Screening in the same community might similarly find undiagnosed NCDs.
TB and poverty: the effect of rifampicin-resistant TB on household income
Authors: Ciobanu A. , Plesca V. , Doltu S. , Manea M. , Domente L. , Dadu A.
Published: April 2024

SETTING
The Republic of Moldova, one of Europe's poorest countries, also bears one of the highest burdens of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB).

OBJECTIVES
To trace the patients’
journey through TB in terms of the relationship with poverty and assess its determinants.

DESIGN
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a survey assessing catastrophic costs in RR-TB-affected households.

RESULTS
Data were obtained from 430 RR-TB patients. The percentage of poor TB-affected households rose from 65% prior to TB to 86% after TB treatment completion (P < 0.001). Social factors leading to poverty were identified for each stage:
diagnostic period (history of incarceration: cOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–5.2); treatment period (being unemployed or unofficially employed: cOR 6.7, 95% CI 4.3–10.0); and post-treatment (being married or cohabiting: cOR 5.7, 95% CI 2.9–11.0). Participants who had ≥3 members in
their households were more likely to be poor at all TB stages: diagnostic period (cOR 5.7, 95% CI 3.7–8.8), treatment period (cOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.5–5.6) and post-treatment (cOR 7.2, 95% CI 3.6–14.3).

CONCLUSION
The
study identified risk factors associated with poverty at each stage of TB. These findings outline that innovative social protection policies are required to protect TB patients against poverty.
TB among refugees from Ukraine in European countries
Authors: de Vries G. , Guthmann J.P. , Häcker B. , Hauer B. , Nordstrand K. , Nowinski A. , Soini H.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Since the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine, millions of refugees have moved to neighbouring European countries. We assessed the burden of TB in these refugees and surveyed screening approaches.

METHODS
We conducted a survey among 30 European Union/European Economic Area and 13 other European countries, requesting population data on migrant residents and refugees with country of birth (COB) Ukraine, the number of TB notifications among people
with COB Ukraine and countries’ screening policies for refugees from Ukraine.

RESULTS
In 2021, the number of migrants born in Ukraine was 1.7 million in the 34 responding countries, and increased with 5.2 million refugees
from Ukraine to 6.9 million in 2022. These countries notified 207 TB cases in people with COB Ukraine in 2021 (TB notification rate 12.0/100,000) and 887 in 2022 (TB notification rate 12.8/100,000), of which 228 (26%) had multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). TB notification
rates were higher in countries advising screening for all (16.9/100,000) or specific groups of refugees from Ukraine (14.7/100,000) compared to those without screening (7.2/100,000).

CONCLUSION
TB rates found in people from Ukraine
were lower than the expected rate of 44 per 100,000, but higher in host countries recommending screening. Our study underscores the need for adequate TB health services for refugees from Ukraine to ensure tailored diagnosis and treatment, especially for MDR/RR-TB.
ICE MODELS FOR ARCTIC OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: April 2024

The Arctic region's extreme climatic conditions, characterized by freezing temperatures, sea ice, and challenging weather patterns, present formidable challenges for offshore structures. These structures, vital for energy exploration, transportation, and scientific research, encounter significant difficulties due to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of ice loads. The article provides an overview of the impact of ice loads on offshore structures in the Arctic, focusing on engineering challenges, technological advancements, and environmental considerations. Ice loads exert immense pressure on offshore structures, posing threats to their integrity and stability. Understanding the complexities of ice behavior, such as thickness variations, ice movements, and load dynamics, is critical for accurately predicting and mitigating ice-induced stresses. Engineering solutions involve specialized design considerations, including robust structural configurations, innovative materials, and mitigation strategies to withstand the diverse forces exerted by ice. Advanced numerical modeling, physical testing, and field observations contribute to a deeper comprehension of ice-structure interactions, aiding in the development of predictive models and guidelines for safer and more resilient offshore installations. However, the unpredictability of ice behavior and the need for continuous improvements in design and operational practices remain ongoing challenges. Balancing industrial progress with environmental sustainability in the Arctic requires stringent regulations, environmental impact assessments, and a commitment to ecologically responsible practices.
SEISMIC SIGNALS, ACQUISITION AND INTERPRETATION METHODS
Authors: Muslim Enis , Jurian Mariana
Published: April 2024

In this article, we will present the types of seismic waves, how their collection is performed and their preparation for analysis and processing. Understanding these aspects can help improve in future any stage of the process, by using new hardware and/or software equipment, in continuous development around the world. There are three steps in seismic exploration of the ground. The first one is seismic data acquisition which is done in a specific location, ground or water, using a seismic source. The seismic wave generated by the source travels thru the layers of rock or sediments and is registered with the use of wave receivers also known as geophones or hydrophones. Data collected by this receivers is made in digital form, making it easier to be stored and analyzed on PC. After acquisition data needs to be processed, that means we need to identify and enhance the desired signal. A good system for processing the collected data will help to interpret the information and have a good image of the distribution of material proprieties of the subsurface.
STOCHASTIC DEM ICE MODELS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: April 2024

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) serves as a crucial computational tool in studying ice-structure interactions pertinent to offshore marine constructions. The article highlights the significance of DEM in simulating and comprehending the complex dynamics of ice loads on offshore structures. Offshore marine constructions face challenges associated with ice loads, especially in regions prone to icy conditions. DEM, adapted to model ice behavior, offers a micro-scale perspective, representing individual ice particles to capture their interactions with offshore structures. This approach enables the assessment of ice-induced forces, structural responses, and failure mechanisms critical for designing resilient offshore installations. We underscore DEM's role in simulating ice-structure interactions, encompassing phenomena such as ice crushing, fracturing, and the dynamic response of offshore structures subjected to varying ice loads. These simulations aid in evaluating the structural integrity and performance of offshore installations, contributing to the design and optimization of platforms, rigs, and offshore wind structures in ice-prone environments. Challenges in DEM modeling for ice calculations for offshore marine constructions include the accurate representation of ice properties, validation against experimental data, and computational demands for simulating large-scale systems. However, ongoing advancements in computational capabilities, refinements in ice modeling techniques, and integration with experimental observations continue to enhance the accuracy and reliability of DEM simulations for offshore structures in icy environments.
ACID AND HEAT TREATMENT OF GEORGIAN NATURAL HEULANDITE
Authors: Tsitsishvili Vladimer , Khutsishvili Bela , Panayotova Marinela , Miyamoto Manabu , Mirdzveli Nato
Published: April 2024

Natural zeolites, a family of hydrated aluminosilicates, are important raw materials for micro and nano technologies due to their molecular-sieve, ion-exchange and catalytic properties. Their porous crystalline framework is built from alternating SiO4 and AlO4 � tetrahedra forming cages and channels, and improvement of zeolite performance is possible by thermal and chemical treatment. The influence of hydrochloric acid and calcination on heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit was studied by the X-ray energy dispersion spectra and diffraction patterns, thermal analysis, adsorption of water, benzene and nitrogen. It was found that an acidic environment leads to significant dealumination and decationization without amorphization, but with gradual dissolution of the sample; there is also a sharp increase in the surface area and volume of micropores available for large molecules, and in the mesoporous system, pores with a diameter of 4 nm become predominant. Heat treatment leads to dehydration proceeding up to ?800 oC, amorphization starting at ?250 oC; the transition to the heulandite B at ?340 oC is not fixed, at ?500 oC wairakite is formed; at temperatures above ?1000 oC, amorphous aluminosilicate contains crystalline inclusions of cristobalite, ?-quartz, albite, hematite and magnetite. It is also shown that heat treatment increases the acid resistance of heulandite by reducing the degree of dealumination of acid-treated samples.
ADVANCED REMOVAL OF GAMMA HCH FROM WATER BY ULTRASONICATION, FENTON AND PHOTO FENTON ULTRASONICATION
Authors: Stefanescu Mihai , Bumbac Costel , Cristea Ionut
Published: April 2024

Historical pollution with hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers of soil and groundwater unfortunately is an unsolved problem, especially in some countries where Lindane is still produced, as also in Europe in the surrounding areas of former production sites or landfilling sites usually due to inadequate long-term storage, treatment or recovery of these wastes. HCH removal technologies are usually dedicated to soil remediation, leachate treatment, water and wastewater treatment. This paper presents the research efforts to develop a treatment technology for gamma HCH removal from water matrices by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on ultrasonication, Fenton and photo Fenton oxidation. Five treatment systems were assessed comparatively: direct ultrasonication, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonication with hydrogen peroxide, Fenton ultrasonication and Fenton ultrasonication followed by photo Fenton oxidation. The energy (25-800 kJ) and amplitude of ultrasonic field, initial concentration of HCH (10 - 89 ?g/L), hydrogen peroxide (1 - 4000 x stoichiometric dose), iron (Fe II) doses (1-15 mg/L) and UV irradiation time (30-60 min.) were the main experimental parameters evaluated. The ultrasonic frequency was constant - 20 kHz in all experiments. Best treatment performance of 99.9% HCH removal efficiency was achieved after application of a treatment train combining Fenton ultrasonication followed by Fenton UV photolysis at the main experimental parameters of: 200 kJ ultrasonic energy, 1000 x s peroxide dose, 5 mg Fe(II)/L and 30 minutes of UV irradiation.
ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN LOCALITY IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION IN TERMS OF RUNOFF AND EROSION CONDITIONS AND IN TERMS OF POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER
Authors: Bursik Lukas , Dumbrovsky Miroslav , Sobotkova Veronika , Pavlikova Marcela
Published: April 2024

Firstly, this paper is focused on the analysis of runoff and erosion conditions in the chosen locality, which is in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. The analysis was made using geographic information systems, mainly the ArcGIS Pro software program. Water erosion endangers more than fifty percent of arable land in the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there is no systematic protection of the majority of soil erosion-threatened areas that would prevent further losses. One of the main causes of this is the fact that the Czech Republic has the largest blocks of arable land in Europe due to agricultural intensification production, which began with collectivization and subsequent consolidation of small fields into large ones. Instead of a colourful landscape mosaic, it is now made up of uniform fields. The consequence is a reduction in the natural resistance of the Czech landscape to water erosion, drought, and floods. Another problem facing agricultural areas is that pollutants are often introduced into the recipient via surface runoff or drainage water. Thus, secondly, this paper deals with the evaluation of water samples taken in the locality from a main drainage facility and a stream with the aim of investigating how agriculture affects water quality. Chemical parameters determining water pollution were selected, such as nitrogen or phosphorus content.
APPLICATION OF GAME THEORY IN FLOOD CONTROL USING FLOODPLAIN
Authors: Kozel Tomas
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the possibility of applying game theory in the decision of the dispatcher regarding the opening of the gates to the floodplain (construction of flood control measures). When the forecast of the flood course is bur ended with a random error from the normalized normal distribution N (0.1). The forecast itself is in the range of flows are capable of causing significant damage. The experiment tested different options for adjusting the probability of betrayal (error) of the forecast model. The probability of betrayal was assessed from 5% to 95%. Furthermore, different ratios between the damage caused when the gates were opened and the actual damage caused within the city flooding when the gates were not opened were tested. The experimental results clearly show that in the long run it is more beneficial to open the gates to the floodplain in the case of pure Nash equilibrium. In the case of mixed equilibria, opening (not opening) depends on the ratio of damages and the probability of betrayal (error) of the prediction model. The probability of controller betrayal (opposite action to the forecast action) alone is less significant compared to the above conditions.