bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of drug eluting stent in‐stent restenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goel Sachin S. , Dilip Gajulapalli Rama , Athappan Ganesh , Philip Femi , Gupta Supriya , Murat Tuzcu E. , Ellis Stephen G. , Mishkel Gregory , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: November 2015

Background

The optimal management for coronary drug eluting stent in‐stent restenosis (DES ISR) is unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis of observational and randomized studies to compare the outcomes of management of DES ISR using DES, drug eluting balloon (DEB), or balloon angioplasty (BA).

Methods

Eligible studies (25 single arm and 13 comparative, including 4 randomized studies with a total of 7,474 patients with DES ISR) were identified using MEDLINE search and proceedings of international meetings. Outcomes studied include major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and mortality. Follow‐up ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 years (mean 1.4 years).

Results

The rate of TLR was significantly lower in the DES (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.69) and DEB (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18–0.55) groups compared to BA. Similarly, TVR rate was significantly lower in the DES (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39–0.77) and DEB (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18–0.58) groups compared to BA. All other outcomes were similar between the DES/BA and DEB/BA comparisons. TLR was significantly lower in the DES group compared to BA for vessels < or > 2.75 mm.

Conclusion

Treatment of coronary DES ISR with DES or DEB is associated with a reduction in the risk of TLR and TVR compared to BA alone. The relative risk reduction for TLR with DES is similar to DEB. DEBs have a potential role in the treatment of DES ISR by avoiding placement of another layer of stent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological effect on drug distribution and vascular healing via paclitaxel‐coated balloon technology in drug eluting stent restenosis swine model
Authors: Li Yan , Tellez Armando , Rousselle Serge D. , Dillon Krista N. , Garza Javier A. , Barry Chris , Granada Juan F.
Published: November 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the biological effect of a paclitaxel‐coated balloon (PCB) technology on vascular drug distribution and healing in drug eluting stent restenosis (DES‐ISR) swine model.

Background

The mechanism of action and healing response via PCB technology in DES‐ISR is not completely understood.

Methods

A total of 27 bare metal stents were implanted in coronary arteries and 30 days later the in‐stent restenosis was treated with PCB. Treated segments were harvested at 1 hr, 14 days and 30 days post treatment for the pharmacokinetic analysis. In addition, 24 DES were implanted in coronary arteries for 30 days, then all DES‐ISRs were treated with either PCB (n = 12) or uncoated balloon (n = 12). At day 60, vessels were harvested for histology following angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

The paclitaxel level in neointimal tissue was about 18 times higher (P = 0.0004) at 1 hr Cmax, and retained about five times higher (P = 0.008) at day 60 than that in vessel wall. A homogenous distribution of paclitaxel in ISR was demonstrated by using fluorescently labeled paclitaxel. Notably, in DES‐ISR, both termination OCT and quantitative coronary angioplasty showed a significant neointimal reduction and less late lumen loss (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively) post PCB versus post uncoated balloon. The PES‐ISR + PCB group displayed higher levels of peri‐strut inflammation and fibrin scores compared to the ‐limus DES‐ISR + PCB group.

Conclusions

In ISR, paclitaxel is primarily deposited in neointimal tissue and effectively retained over time following PCB use. Despite the presence of metallic struts, a uniform distribution was characterized. PCB demonstrated an equivalent biological effect in DES‐ISR without significantly increasing inflammation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve‐in‐valve implantation for the treatment of failing pulmonary and tricuspid bioprostheses
Authors: Baig Muhammad , Alli Oluseun , Davies James
Published: November 2015

We report a case of a patient with a history of bioprosthetic pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacement who developed significant stenosis and regurgitation of the bioprosthetic valves. Due to multiple comorbidities, he was deemed high risk for redo‐valve replacement surgery. He subsequently underwent percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve‐in‐valve procedure at the same setting. This is the first of such that is reported in the literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor for patients treated with primary angioplasty: Results of an angiographic randomized pilot study
Authors: Mont'Alverne‐Filho José R. , Rodrigues‐Sobrinho Carlos R.M. , Medeiros Fernando , Falcão Francisco C. , Falcão Joao L. , Silva Rafael C. , Croce Kevin J. , Nicolau Jose C. , Valgimigli Marco , Serruys Patrick W. , Lemos Pedro A.
Published: November 2015

Objetives

The main objective of the present randomized pilot study was to explore the effects of upstream prasugrel or ticagrelor or clopidogrel for patients with ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Administration of clopidogrel “as soon as possible” has been advocated for STEMI. Pretreatment with prasugrel and ticagrelor may improve reperfusion. Currently, the angiographic effects of upstream administration of these agents are poorly understood.

Methods

A total of 132 patients with STEMI within the first 12 hr of chest pain referred to primary angioplasty were randomized to upstream clopidogrel (600 mg), prasugrel (60 mg), or ticagrelor (180 mg) while still in the emergency room. All patients underwent protocol‐mandated thrombus aspiration.

Results

Macroscopic thrombus material was retrieved in 79.5% of the clopidogrel group, 65.9% of the prasugrel group, and 54.3% of the ticagrelor group (P = 0.041). At baseline angiography, large thrombus burden was 97.7% vs. 87.8% vs. 80.4% in the clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor groups, respectively (P = 0.036). Also, at baseline, 97.7% presented with an occluded target vessel in the clopidogrel group, 87.8% in the prasugrel group and 78.3% in the ticagrelor group (P = 0.019). At the end of the procedure, the percentages of patients with combined TIMI grade III flow and myocardial blush grade III were 52.3% for clopidogrel, 80.5% for prasugrel, and 67.4% for ticagrelor (P = 0.022).

Conclusions

In patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI within 12 hr, upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor have varying angiographic findings, with a trend toward better results for the latter two agents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eplerenone use in primary aldosteronism during pregnancy
Authors: Gunganah Kirun , Carpenter Robert , Drake William Martyn
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Primary aldosteronism (PA) in pregnancy is rare. Due to pharmacological limitations and risks associated with surgical intervention during pregnancy, clinical decision making in this area is difficult. We report the short‐term use of eplerenone in the management of hypertension and hypokalemia due to PA in pregnancy.
No personality without experience? A test onRana dalmatinatadpoles
Authors: Urszán Tamás J. , Garamszegi László Z. , Nagy Gergely , Hettyey Attila , Török János , Herczeg Gábor
Published: November 2015

While the number of studies reporting the presence of individual behavioral consistency (animal personality, behavioral syndrome) has boomed in the recent years, there is still much controversy about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms resulting in the phenomenon. For instance, direct environmental effects during ontogeny (phenotypic plasticity) as the proximate mechanism behind the emergence of consistent individual differences in behavior are usually overlooked compared to environmental effects operating across generations (genetic adaptation). Here, we tested the effects of sociality and perceived predation risk during ontogeny on the strength of behavioral consistency in agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in a factorial common garden experiment. Tadpoles reared alone and without predatory cues showed zero repeatability within (i.e., lack of personality) and zero correlation between (i.e., lack of syndrome) activity and risk‐taking. On the other hand, cues from predators alone induced both activity and risk‐taking personalities, while cues from predators and conspecifics together resulted in an activity – risk‐taking behavioral syndrome. Our results show that individual experience has an unequivocal role in the emergence of behavioral consistency. In this particular case, the development of behavioral consistency was most likely the result of genotype × environment interactions, or with other words, individual variation in behavioral plasticity.
IRF5 and IRF8 modulate the CAL‐1 human plasmacytoid dendritic cell line response following TLR9 ligation
Authors: Steinhagen Folkert , Rodriguez Luis G. , Tross Debra , Tewary Poonam , Bode Christian , Klinman Dennis M.
Published: November 2015

Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs stimulate human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to produce type‐1 interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Previous studies demonstrated that interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a central role in mediating CpG‐induced pDC activation. This work explores the inverse effects of IRF5 and IRF8 (also known as IFN consensus sequence‐binding protein) on CpG‐dependent gene expression in the human CAL‐1 pDC cell line. This cell line shares many of the phenotypic and functional properties of freshly isolated human pDCs. Results from RNA interference and microarray studies indicate that IRF5 upregulates TLR9‐driven gene expression whereas IRF8 downregulates the same genes. Several findings support the conclusion that IRF8 inhibits TLR9‐dependent gene expression by directly blocking the activity of IRF5. First, the inhibitory activity of IRF8 is only observed when IRF5 is present. Second, proximity ligation analysis shows that IRF8 and IRF5 colocalize within the cytoplasm of resting human pDCs and cotranslocate to the nucleus after CpG stimulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that IRF5 and IRF8, two transcription factors with opposing functions, control TLR9 signaling in human pDCs.
Optoelectric patterning: Effect of electrode material and thickness on laser‐induced AC electrothermal flow
Authors: Mishra Avanish , Khor Jian‐Wei , Clayton Katherine N. , Williams Stuart J. , Pan Xudong , Kinzer‐Ursem Tamara , Wereley Steve
Published: November 2015

Rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP) is an emerging optoelectric technique that takes advantage of laser‐induced AC electrothermal flow and particle‐electrode interactions to trap and translate particles. The electrothermal flow in REP is driven by the temperature rise induced by the laser absorption in the thin electrode layer. In previous REP applications 350–700 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) layers have been used as electrodes. In this study, we show that ITO is an inefficient electrode choice as more than 92% of the irradiated laser on the ITO electrodes is transmitted without absorption. Using theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that for a given laser power the temperature rise is controlled by both the electrode material and its thickness. A 25‐nm thick Ti electrode creates an electrothermal flow of the same speed as a 700‐nm thick ITO electrode while requiring only 14% of the laser power used by ITO. These results represent an important step in the design of low‐cost portable REP systems by lowering the material cost and power consumption of the system.
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of a 40 ka‐old terrace sequence implies that water discharge was larger than today
Authors: Litty Camille , Duller Robert , Schlunegger Fritz
Published: November 2015

The evolution of landscapes crucially depends on the climate history. This is particularly evident in South America where landscape responses to orbital climate shifts have been well documented. However, while most studies have focused on inferring temperature variations from paleoclimate proxy data, estimates of water budget changes have been complicated because of a lack of adequate physical information. Here, we present a methodology and related results, which allowed us to extract water discharge values from the sedimentary record of the 40 Ka‐old fluvial terrace deposits in the Pisco valley, western Peru. In particular, this valley hosts a Quaternary cut‐and‐fill succession that we used, in combination with beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐based sediment flux, gauging records, channel geometries and grain size measurements, to quantitatively assess sediment and water discharge values c. 40 Ka ago in relation to present‐day conditions. We compare these discharge estimates to the discharge regime of the modern Pisco River and find that the water discharge of the paleo‐Pisco River, during the Minchin pluvial period c. 40 Ka ago, was c. 7–8 times greater than the modern Pisco River if considering the mean and the maximum water discharge. In addition, the calculations show that inferred water discharge estimates are mainly dependent on channel gradients and grain size values, and to a lesser extent on channel width measures. Finally, we found that the c. 40 Ka‐old Minchin terrace material was poorer sorted than the modern deposits, which might reflect that sediment transport during the past period was characterized by a larger divergence from equal mobility compared to the modern situation. In summary, the differences in grain size distribution and inferred water discharge estimates between the modern and the paleo‐Pisco River suggests that the 40 Ka‐old Minchin period was characterized by a wetter climate and more powerful flood events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery: Safety analysis of 400 consecutive electrode probe placements with standardized procedures
Authors: Mangano Alberto , Kim Hoon Yub , Wu Chei‐Wei , Rausei Stefano , Hui Sun , Xiaoli Liu , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Roukos Dimitrios H. , Lianos Georgios D. , Volpi Erivelto , Dionigi Gianlorenzo
Published: November 2015

Background

Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (C‐IONM) is a new technology and it is appropriate to analyze its safety.

Methods

C‐IONM was performed according to a standardized technique to control any adverse events and electrode positioning issues.

Results

Four hundred vagal nerve dissections were analyzed considering vagal nerve diameter, mean time effort for C‐IONM probe positioning, and electrode dislocation rate. A significant superior dislocation rate in case of: (a) when a 3 mm automatic periodic stimulating (APS) electrode size was used in a vagal nerve diameter <2 mm; (b) anterior access; and (c) vagal nerve A subtype in relation (p < .05). No related additional local or systemic morbidity was registered in this series. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between increased diameter of vagal nerve and increased electromyography (EMG) amplitude (p = .03). There was also a significant increase of amplitude between initial and final vagal nerve stimulation in uneventful cases (p = .02).

Conclusion

We analyzed the technical issues to achieve improved vagal nerve critical view of safety dissection, stimulation, and C‐IONM probe placement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1568–E1574, 2016
Degree of nephrotoxicity after intermediate‐ or high‐dose cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Driessen Chantal M. L. , Uijen Maike J. M. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van Opstal Claudia C. M. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Nijenhuis Tom , van Herpen Carla M. L.
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity between concomitant chemoradiotherapy with high versus intermediate‐dose cisplatin.

Methods

One hundred forty‐four patients with locally advanced head and neck or nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were included; 40 patients received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 (high dose) on days 1, 22, and 43, and 104 patients received cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly (intermediate dose) during 6 weeks in combination with radiotherapy.

Results

During treatment with intermediate‐dose cisplatin, 6.7% developed an increase of ≥50% serum creatinine versus 60.0% treated with high‐dose cisplatin (p < .05). Nephrotoxicity (all grades) scored by Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 or CTCAE version 4.03 was 53% and 100% in the high‐dose group and 4.8% and 68% in the intermediate‐dose group, respectively.

Conclusion

Significantly less nephrotoxicity occurs during chemoradiotherapy with intermediate‐dose cisplatin compared with high‐dose cisplatin. The CTCAE version 4.03 seems to be more appropriate in scoring nephrotoxicity than the CTCAE version 3.0. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1575–E1581, 2016
Management of the cervico‐petrous internal carotid artery in class C tympanojugular paragangliomas
Authors: Bacciu Andrea , Prasad Sampath Chandra , Sist Natalie , Rossi Giulia , Piazza Paolo , Sanna Mario
Published: November 2015

Background

Management of the cervical and petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) is frequently required in Fisch class C tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs). The purpose of this study was to discuss the perioperative intervention of the ICA in patients who underwent surgical resection of a TJP.

Methods

A retrospective study of 237 patients surgically treated for Fisch class C TJPs was done to identify cases that required ICA management.

Results

Management of the ICA was required in 176 patients (74.2%). Forty‐two patients required just an ICA decompression, 88 underwent a subperiosteal dissection, 19 underwent subadventitial dissection without intraluminal stenting, 17 underwent subadventitial dissection with intraluminal stenting, and 12 underwent arterial resection after permanent balloon occlusion. There were no complications associated with the endovascular procedures. Gross total tumor resection was achieved in 91.5% of the cases.

Conclusion

Preoperative endovascular intervention, in selected cases, facilitates gross total tumor removal and significantly reduces the risk of an intraoperative ICA injury. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 899–905, 2016
Human papillomavirus and induction chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer: The Dana Farber Experience
Authors: Lorch Jochen H. , Hanna Glenn J. , Posner Marshall R. , O'Neill Anne , Thotakura Vijaya L. , Limaye Sewanti A. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Sher David J. , Tishler Roy B. , Haddad Robert I.
Published: November 2015

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection indicates favorable prognosis in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was for us to assess the impact of HPV in patients treated with sequential therapy versus concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods

Patients with stage III and IVA and B oropharyngeal SCC were reviewed spanning 10 years.

Results

Among 500 cases, 291 (58%) received CRT versus 209 (42%) sequential therapy. HPV status was known in 279 of patients (56%) and positive in 77% (determined by polymerase chain reaction [PCR; 91%], p16 immunohistochemical [IHC], or both). Median follow‐up was 2.8 years. Overall survival (OS) did not differ for sequential therapy versus CRT overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.90; p = .66; 3‐year OS = 86% and 87%) or within HPV‐positive patients (HR = 0.89; p = .81; 3‐year OS = 91% and 91%) or within HPV‐negative patients (HR = 0.55; p = .32; 3‐year OS = 85% and 75%).

Conclusion

Survival for all patients was high and notable for HPV‐negative patients treated with sequential therapy. Further studies in this patient population are warranted. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1618–E1624, 2016
Molecular profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feldman Rebecca , Gatalica Zoran , Knezetic Joseph , Reddy Sandeep , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Javadi Nader , Teknos Theodoros
Published: November 2015

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits high rates of recurrence, and with few approved targeted agents, novel treatments are needed. We analyzed a molecular profiling database for the distribution of biomarkers predictive of chemotherapies and targeted agents.

Methods

Seven hundred thirty‐five patients with advanced HNSCC (88 with known human papillomavirus [HPV] status), were profiled using multiple platforms (gene sequencing, gene copy number, and protein expression).

Results

Among the entire patient population studied, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the protein most often overexpressed (90%), TP53 gene most often mutated (41%), and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) most often amplified (40%; n = 5). With the exception of TP53 mutation, other biomarker frequencies were not significantly different among HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative patients. PIK3CA mutations and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss are frequent events, independent of HPV status. The immune response‐modulating programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) axis was active across sites, stages, and HPV status.

Conclusion

Molecular profiling utilizing multiple platforms provides a range of therapy options beyond standard of care. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1625–E1638, 2016
Psychometric evaluation of the Swallowing Outcomes After Laryngectomy (SOAL) patient‐reported outcome measure
Authors: Govender Roganie , Lee Mary T. , Drinnan Michael , Davies Tarni , Twinn Claire , Hilari Katerina
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swallowing Outcomes After Laryngectomy (SOAL) in a large group of people who underwent a laryngectomy.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional psychometric study of laryngectomy patients (minimum 3 months posttreatment) attending routine hospital follow‐up for the psychometric evaluation of SOAL.

Results

One hundred ten people participated in this study. Thirteen percent of the patients had a laryngectomy, 63% had laryngectomy with radiotherapy, and 24% had laryngectomy with chemoradiation therapy. The SOAL showed good quality of data (minimal missing data and floor effects); good internal consistency (α = 0.91); and adequate test–retest reliability (intra‐class correlation coefficient = 0.73). In terms of validity, it differentiated people by treatment group (F(2,85) = 8.02; p = .001) and diet texture group (t(102) = −7.33; p < .001).

Conclusion

The SOAL demonstrates good validity and has potential for use in research. Further study is required to determine its clinical application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1639–E1645, 2016
Recent advances in optical diagnosis of oral cancers: Review and future perspectives
Authors: Singh S.P. , Ibrahim Ola , Byrne Hugh J. , Mikkonen Jopi W. , Koistinen Arto P. , Kullaa Arja M. , Lyng Fiona M.
Published: November 2015

Optical diagnosis techniques offer several advantages over traditional approaches, including objectivity, speed, and cost, and these label‐free, noninvasive methods have the potential to change the future workflow of cancer management. The oral cavity is particularly accessible and, thus, such methods may serve as alternate/adjunct tools to traditional methods. Recently, in vivo human clinical studies have been initiated with a view to clinical translation of such technologies. A comprehensive review of optical methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. After an introduction to the epidemiology and etiological factors associated with oral cancers currently used, diagnostic methods and their limitations are presented. A thorough review of fluorescence, infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopic methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. The applicability of minimally invasive methods based on serum/saliva is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion on future demands and scope of developments from a clinical point of view. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2403–E2411, 2016
Adjuvant radiotherapy for early head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: A systematic review
Authors: Bur Andrés M. , Lin Alexander , Weinstein Gregory S.
Published: November 2015

Perineural invasion (PNI) is widely regarded as a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Treatment guidelines recommend adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients with adverse pathologic features, including PNI. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine if patients with PNI as their only indication for adjuvant therapy benefit from adjuvant RT. In total, 339 abstracts were reviewed for relevance leaving 85 articles, which were evaluated in detail. Thirteen retrospective studies addressed the role of adjuvant RT for patients with PNI. Evidence is lacking to recommend adjuvant RT for all patients with HNSCC with PNI. However, the literature suggests that large nerve or multifocal PNI may predict worse outcome and may be a more appropriate indication for adjuvant therapy. We advocate that patients decide whether to undergo adjuvant therapy after a discussion of the limitations of current evidence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2350–E2357, 2016
Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate
Authors: Givi Babak , Eskander Antoine , Awad Mahmoud I. , Kong Qin , Montero Pablo H. , Palmer Frank L. , Xu Wei , De Almeida John R. , Lee Nancy , O'Sullivan Brian , Irish Jonathan C. , Gilbert Ralph , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. , Goldstein David P. , Morris Luc G.T.
Published: November 2015

Background

Whether elective lymph neck dissection (ELND) is associated with improved survival in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the maxillary alveolus/hard palate is not known.

Methods

One hundred ninety‐nine patients presenting de novo and receiving treatment for clinically node negative SCC of the maxillary alveolus/hard palate at 2 cancer centers between 1985 and 2011 were analyzed.

Results

Forty‐two patients (21%) received ELND. Occult nodal metastases were present in 29% of the dissected necks. The ELND group had more T3 to T4 status tumors (62% vs 34%; p < .001) and positive‐margin resections (59% vs 38%; p = .019). Patients undergoing ELND experienced lower rates of neck recurrence (6% vs 21%; p = .031), superior 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (68% vs 45%; p = .026), and overall survival (86% vs 62%; p = .043). ELND was associated with a 2‐fold decrease in risk of recurrence in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

ELND was associated with lower rates of recurrence and improved survival in SCC of the maxillary alveolus/hard palate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1688–E1694, 2016
Evaluation of confocal laser endomicroscopy as an aid to differentiate primary flat lesions of the larynx: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Volgger Veronika , Girschick Susanne , Ihrler Stephan , Englhard Anna Sophie , Stepp Herbert , Betz Christian Stephan
Published: November 2015

Background

In this trial, the ability of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), a new imaging modality with a cellular resolution, to further differentiate primary flat lesions of the larynx was evaluated.

Methods

First, an optical coherence tomography was used to filter out normal tissue and carcinoma. All other lesions (30 lesions in 19 patients) were investigated with CLE. The suspected diagnosis was compared to histopathology.

Results

Optical coherence tomography identified all noninvasive lesions. CLE provided further information with cellular resolution. In 2 of 30 cases, low image quality prevented classification. In laryngeal lesions (27 of 30), moderate to high‐grade dysplasia was correctly suspected in 10 of 10 cases (100%). Hyperplasia was overrated as dysplasia in 7 of 15 cases (46.7%). Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 40%.

Conclusion

When used in conjunction with optical coherence tomography, CLE seems helpful for discrimination of noninvasive lesions, although it tends to overrate the severity of the changes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1695–E1704, 2016
Influence of thyroid gland status on the thyroglobulin cutoff level in washout fluid from cervical lymph nodes of patients with recurrent/metastatic papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Lee Hyun Chul , Yi Ha Woo , Kim Bong Kyun , Bae Soo Youn , Lee Se Kyung , Choe Jun‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Han , Kim Jee Soo
Published: November 2015

Background

The influence of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroidectomy status on Tg in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) washout fluid is unclear.

Methods

A total of 282 lymph nodes were prospectively subjected to FNAC, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)‐Tg measurement, and frozen and permanent biopsies. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of several predetermined FNA‐Tg cutoff values for recurrence/metastasis in lymph nodes according to thyroidectomy status.

Results

The diagnostic performance of FNA‐Tg varied according to thyroidectomy status. The optimized cutoff value of FNA‐Tg was 2.2 ng/mL. However, among FNAC‐negative lymph nodes, the FNA‐Tg cutoff value of 0.9 ng/mL showed better diagnostic performance in patients with a thyroid gland. An FNA‐Tg/serum‐Tg cutoff ratio of 1 showed the best diagnostic performance in patients without a thyroid gland.

Conclusion

Applying the optimal cutoff values of FNA‐Tg according to thyroid gland status and serum Tg level facilitates the diagnostic evaluation of neck lymph node recurrences/metastases in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1705–E1712, 2016
Influence of social factors on patient‐reported late symptoms: Report from a controlled trial among long‐term head and neck cancer survivors in Denmark
Authors: Kjær Trille Kristina , Johansen Christoffer , Andersen Elo , Karlsen Randi , Nielsen Anni Linnet , Frederiksen Kirsten , Rørth Mikael , Ibfelt Else , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg
Published: November 2015

Background

The incidence of head and neck cancer and morbidity and mortality after treatment are associated with social factors. Whether social factors also play a role in the prevalence of late‐onset symptoms after treatment for head and neck cancer is not clear.

Methods

Three hundred sixty‐nine survivors completed questionnaires on late symptoms and functioning.

Results

Survivors with short education were more likely to report severe problems than those with medium or long education. In the fully adjusted model, the risk for problems with opening the mouth remained significantly increased (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–8.63). For survivors who lived alone, the adjusted ORs were significantly increased for physical functioning (2.17; 95% CI = 1.01–4.68) and trouble with social eating (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.14–4.47).

Conclusion

Self‐reported severe late symptoms were more prevalent in survivors with short education and in those living alone, suggesting differences in perception of late symptoms between social groups. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1713–E1721, 2016
Nuclear selenoproteins and genome maintenance
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Zhang Li , Zhu Jian‐Hong , Cheng Wen‐Hsing
Published: November 2015

Selenium is an essential metalloid required for the expression of selenoproteins. While cells are constantly challenged by clastogens of endogenous and exogenous origins, genome integrity is maintained by direct repair of DNA damage, redox balance, and epigenetic regulation. To date, only five selenoproteins are experimentally demonstrated to reside in nucleus, exclusively or partially, including selenoprotein H, methionine‐R‐sulfoxide reductase 1, glutathione peroxidase‐4, thioredoxin reductase‐1, and thioredoxin glutathione reductase. All these five selenoproteins have demonstrated or potential roles in redox regulation and genome maintenance. Selenoprotein H is known to transactivate the expression of a couple of genes against oxidative stress. The thioredoxin reductase‐1b isoform delivers estrogen receptor‐α and ‐β to the nucleus. Nuclear glutathione peroxidase‐4 epigenetically and globally inhibits gene expression through the maintenance of chromatin compactness in testes. Continued studies on how these and additional nuclear selenoproteins regulate genome stability will have profound impact on advancing our understanding in selenium regulation of optimal health. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):5–12, 2016
Stratum corneum reservoir as a predictive method for in vitro percutaneous absorption
Authors: Hafeez Farhaan , Chiang Audris , Hui Xiaoying , Zhu Hanjiang , Kamili Faraz , Maibach Howard I.
Published: November 2015

Interaction between drug and proteins and lipids in stratum corneum (SC) is an important pharmacokinetic parameter in early steps of absorption. Previous in vivo studies showed that the total amount of compound, regardless of properties, penetrating over a 96 h period could be predicted by the amount present in SC 30 min after application by a linear relationship. Validating this linear relationship through in vitro study would facilitate testing of transdermal drug delivery platforms. We aimed to determine in vitro penetration behavior across SC of humans by determining the relationship between quantity present in SC reservoir 30 min after application with 24 h skin absorption and penetration. In this study, use of the SC reservoir effect to predict absorption and penetration of topical compounds is reaffirmed with in vitro models involving human skin. These results indicate the amount in short‐term (30 min) SC reservoir predict long‐term (24 h) skin absorption and penetration, as characterized by statistically significant linear relationships determined via regression. This may be explained by the fact that SC is a rate‐limiting barrier to percutaneous drug transport. After molecules diffuse through SC barrier, passage into deeper dermal layers and systemic uptake occur relatively quickly. These results enable one to measure quantity in SC reservoir shortly after topical application as a proxy for absorption and penetration over longer periods. With respect to drug development and risk assessment of toxic substances, this may simplify assays attempting to quantitate penetration capacity. Further investigation with a larger range of compounds is needed to clarify the observations recorded here. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Novel Regulator of Bone Formation Implicated in the Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency
Authors: Grassi Francesco , Tyagi Abdul Malik , Calvert John W , Gambari Laura , Walker Lindsey D , Yu Mingcan , Robinson Jerid , Li Jau-Yi , Lisignoli Gina , Vaccaro Chiara , Adams Jonathan , Pacifici Roberto
Published: November 2015

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter known to regulate bone formation and bone mass in unperturbed mice. However, it is presently unknown whether H2S plays a role in pathologic bone loss. Here we show that ovariectomy (ovx), a model of postmenopausal bone loss, decreases serum H2S levels and the bone marrow (BM) levels of two key H2S-generating enzymes, cystathione β-synthase (CBS) and cystathione γ-lyase (CSE). Treatment with the H2S-donor GYY4137 (GYY) normalizes serum H2S in ovx mice, increases bone formation, and completely prevents the loss of trabecular bone induced by ovx. Mechanistic studies revealed that GYY increases murine osteoblastogenesis by activating Wnt signaling through increased production of the Wnt ligands Wnt16, Wnt2b, Wnt6, and Wnt10b in the BM. Moreover, in vitro treatment with 17β-estradiol upregulates the expression of CBS and CSE in human BM stromal cells (hSCs), whereas an H2S-releasing drug induces osteogenic differentiation of hSCs. In summary, regulation of H2S levels is a novel mechanism by which estrogen stimulates osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in mice and human cells. Blunted production of H2S contributes to ovx-induced bone loss in mice by limiting the compensatory increase in bone formation elicited by ovx. Restoration of H2S levels is a potential novel therapeutic approach for postmenopausal osteoporosis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Applying Creativity Research to Cooking
Authors: Beghetto Ronald A. , Kaufman James C. , Hatcher Ryan
Published: November 2015

What, if any, benefit might there be to applying creativity research to cooking? The purpose of this paper was to address this question. Specifically, we draw on concepts and theories from creativity research to help clarify what is meant by creative cooking. This includes exploring creative cooking through the lens of the 4‐C and Propulsion models of creativity. We close with a brief discussion of why applying creativity research to cooking is both beneficial and an area in need of further work.
Consensual Assessment of Creativity in Teaching Design by Supportive Peers—Its Validity, Practicality, and Benefit
Authors: Cheng Vivian M. Y.
Published: November 2015

Creativity in teaching is a significant and complex construct. However, in the local educational context, creativity in teaching has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the validity, practicality, and benefits of applying a modified consensual assessment technique (CAT) to assess creativity in teaching design. Four hundred and eighty‐five written teaching designs were collected from 167 in‐service and pre‐service primary school teachers in Hong Kong. Instead of expert teachers, “supportive” peers, who had shown support, interest, and initiative in creative teaching were recruited as judges. A warm‐up exercise, with no definition of creativity, was given to the judges before beginning their assessments. The results indicated overall consistency in the judges' assessments of creativity, and that creativity factor could be distinguished from pedagogical skills and other technical factors. Most of the peer judges reported personal gains in creative teaching by engaging in the assessment process. On average, each judge spent approximately only 2 minutes rating each written teaching design. The findings confirm that the modified CAT is a valid and economical assessment method with learning benefits for the judges. The special values and implications of using supportive peer judges in consensual assessment are further discussed.
Do People Really Have Insights in the Shower? The When, Where and Who of the Aha! Moment
Authors: Ovington Linda A. , Saliba Anthony J. , Moran Carmen C. , Goldring Jeremy , MacDonald Jasmine B.
Published: November 2015

While there are well‐known anecdotes and documented insight cases by renowned scientists and inventors, little is known about the experiences of insight in the general population. The present study aimed to determine peoples' self‐reported experience of insight in their daily lives. Using an online questionnaire, responses were obtained from 1,114 respondents. Eighty‐percent reported having insights. These respondents reported demographic information and answered three open‐ended questions on where their insights occur, what insights are and other thoughts on insight. A greater percentage of those who have insights are, female, younger, highly educated, and involved in occupations including, management, sciences, arts and service professions. The qualitative results uncovered eight major themes, reflecting on the places people have insights: At night, work, shower, home, when it is quiet, transport, while exercising, and in nature. Two major themes emerged on what insights are: Something from the subconscious, and a result of (not) thinking. Finally, three major themes emerged from the third question on thoughts they would like to share on insight: The improvement of insight with age, the importance of analyzing the details of the problem, and the unexpectedness of the solution. Results are discussed in the context of the current experimental research on insight.
Creativity Is Life: A Commentary on the Special Issue
Authors: Kaufman James C.
Published: November 2015

In this commentary on the papers in the special issue, I discuss how many of the standard questions and debates in the field of creativity research tend to focus on the individual creator. The welcome recent resurgence of interest in questions of context, interaction, culture, and audience—as on full display in this special issue—is cause to reflect not merely on these specific points but on how the deeper philosophy can resonate in how we study creativity and approach life itself.
Enhanced resolution of Mentha piperita volatile fraction using a novel medium‐polarity ionic liquid gas chromatography stationary phase
Authors: Ragonese Carla , Sciarrone Danilo , Grasso Elisa , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi
Published: November 2015

The evaluation of a novel medium‐polarity ionic‐liquid‐based gas chromatography column, SLB‐IL60, towards the analysis of a complex essential oil, namely, a peppermint essential oil sample, is reported. The SLB‐IL60 30 m column was subjected to bleeding measurements, by means of conventional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The SLB‐IL60 column was then evaluated in the analysis of pure standard compounds, chosen as typical constituents of peppermint essential oil. Resolution and peak symmetry (expressed as tailing factors at 10% of peak height) were measured and the results were compared to those obtained on the most widely used columns in such an application, namely a medium‐polarity [100% poly(ethyleneglycol)] stationary phase, and an apolar 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl siloxane. The final part of the evaluation was dedicated to the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis of a peppermint essential oil sample and again the data were compared to those obtained on the 100% poly(ethyleneglycol) and the 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl siloxane phase. Linear retention indices were determined for all the identified components on the ionic liquid capillary.
Detection of related substances in polyene phosphatidyl choline extracted from soybean and in its commercial capsule by comprehensive supercritical fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry compared with HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Jiang Qikun , Liu Wanjun , Li Xiaoting , Zhang Tianhong , Wang Yongjun , Liu Xiaohong
Published: November 2015

Supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to comprehensively profile polyene phosphatidyl choline (PPC) extracted from soybean. We achieved an efficient chromatographic analysis using a BEH‐2EP column (3 × 100 mm2, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and a cosolvent in gradient combination at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The cosolvent consisted of methanol, acetonitrile, and water (containing 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.2% formic acid). The total single‐run time was 7 min. We used this method to accurately detect ten different phospholipids (PLs) during extraction. The limits of quantification for phosphatidyl choline, lyso‐phosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidic acid (PA), sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol (PI), cholesterol, cardiolipin, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) were 20.6, 19.52, 1.21, 2.38, 0.50, 2.28, 54.3, 0.60, 0.65, and 4.85 ng/mL, respectively. However, adopting the high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection method issued by the China Food and Drug Administration, only PA, LPC, PE, PI, and PPC could be analyzed accurately, and the limits of quantification were 33.89, 60.5, 30.3, 10.9, and 61.79 μg/mL, respectively. The total single‐run time was at the least 20 min. Consequently, the supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was more suitable for the analysis of related PLs.
Disposable microcolumns with welded metal frits
Authors: Hong Sung Hoon , Cheong Won Jo
Published: November 2015

This study reports the preparation of disposable microcolumns with welded metal frits for the first time. First, the bottom of glass‐lined stainless‐steel tubing of 30 cm length, 1.6 mm od, and 0.5 mm id was welded with a stainless‐steel screen frit of 1.6 mm diameter. A micro‐welding machine was used for this. Next, the column was connected to a slurry packer and packed with porous silica particles. Then, the inlet of the column was carefully welded with another frit. The column was tested for separation of a test mix composed of phenol, 2‐nitrophenol, acetophenone, aceanilide, and benzamide. Another column of the same physical dimension was also prepared with frits that were not welded to the column. The chromatographic performances of the two groups of columns (welded frits versus non‐welded frits) were examined. The columns of welded frits showed ca. 18% better separation efficiency (number of theoretical plates) than those of non‐welded frits.
Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid–liquid–gas chromatography with dual detection
Authors: Zoccali Mariosimone , Barp Laura , Beccaria Marco , Sciarrone Danilo , Purcaro Giorgia , Mondello Luigi
Published: November 2015

Mineral oils, which are mainly composed of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, are widespread food contaminants. Liquid chromatography coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection represents the method of choice to determine these two families. However, despite the high selectivity of this technique, the presence of olefins (particularly squalene and its isomers) in some samples as in olive oils, does not allow the correct quantification of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons fraction, requiring additional off‐line tools to eliminate them. In the present research, a novel on‐line liquid chromatography coupled to gas chromatography method is described for the determination of hydrocarbon contamination in edible oils. Two different liquid chromatography columns, namely a silica one (to retain the bulk of the matrix) and a silver‐ion one (which better retains the olefins), were coupled in series to obtain the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons hump free of interfering peaks. Furthermore, the use of a simultaneous dual detection, flame ionization detector and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer allowed us not only to quantify the mineral oil contamination, but also to evaluate the presence of specific markers (i.e. hopanes) to confirm the petrogenic origin of the contamination.
Zinc supplementation induces regulatory T cells by inhibition of Sirt‐1 deacetylase in mixed lymphocyte cultures
Authors: Rosenkranz Eva , Metz Claudia H.D. , Maywald Martina , Hilgers Ralf‐Dieter , Weßels Inga , Senff Tina , Haase Hajo , Jäger Maximilian , Ott Melanie , Aspinall Richard , Plümäkers Birgit , Rink Lothar
Published: November 2015

Scope

Zinc is an essential trace element, regulating immune function. Its deficiency results in immune dysfunction and transplant rejection. In here, a benefit of zinc supplementation for the induction of tolerance was investigated, focusing on the TH1‐dominated allogeneic immune reaction.

Methods and results

Allogeneic immune reaction was modeled by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The effect of zinc supplementation was monitored via expression of cytokines and surface lineage markers using ELISA and flow cytometry. Epigenetic analyses were performed to investigate mechanisms underlying zinc‐induced changes in regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. Results reveal that Tregs are induced when MLCs are treated with 50 μM zinc causing a decrease in IFNγ production. IL‐2 and IL‐10 expression were not affected. The teleology of this effect includes the inhibition of histone deacetylase Sirt‐1‐mediated Foxp3 deacetylation, resulting in its decreased degradation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, zinc should be considered to prevent graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) as it is capable of stabilizing iTregs, resulting in increased numbers of this cell type while not suppressing the immune system.