bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation
Authors: YAHERWANDI YAHERWANDI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Yaherwandi. 2012. Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 22-26. Parasitoids Hymenoptera has an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult parasitoids Hymenoptera require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wildflowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study communities of parasitoid Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae field and non-crop vegetation around Brassicaceae fields. Samplings were conducted at two different landscape structures, i.e. Kayu Tanduak and Padang Laweh representing complex landscapes, whereas Alahan Panjang and Sungai Nanam representing simple landscapes. Insects were sampled by three trapping techniques (farm crop, sweep net, and yellow pan traps) in one line of transect for each landscape. A total of 84 species from 17 families of parasitoids Hymenoptera were collected in Brassicaceae field and in non-crop vegetation. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of parasitoids Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae fields and non-crop vegetation.
Adult mangrove stand does not reflect the dispersal potential of mangrove propagules: Case study of small islets in Lampung, Sumatra
Authors: SEDAYU AGUNG , ISYADINYATI NOVITA FARAH , SIGIT DIANA VIVANTI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Sedayu A, Isyadinyati NF, Sigit DV. 2011. Adult mangrove stand does not reflect the dispersal potential of mangrove propagules: Case study of small islets in Lampung, Sumatra. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 57-61. Most mangrove species are dispersed by water current with distance being a major constraint. We tried to demonstrate that distance is indeed the dispersal limiting factor in mangrove, and perhaps other marine plant species. Secondly, we also tried to clarify whether landmass is a real blockade for mangrove dispersal. Lastly, we argued that in order to study plant dispersal potential, one should not study the later stage of plant population, as normally plant ecologist would do, rather at their early life stage. Cluster analyses were used to test those hypotheses and confirmed our research hypotheses.
Review: Mycoendophytes in medicinal plants: Diversity and bioactivities
Authors: RAI MAHENDRA , GADE ANIKET , RATHOD DNYANESHWAR , DAR MUDASIR , VARMA AJIT
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Rai M, Gade A, Rathod D, Dar M, Varma A. 2012. Review: Mycoendophytes in medicinal plants: Diversity and bioactivities. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 86-96. Endophytes are microorganisms that reside in internal tissues of living plants without causing any negative effect. These offer tremendous potential for the exploitation of novel and eco-friendly secondary metabolites used in medicine, the pharmaceutical industry and agriculture. The present review is focused on diversity of endophytes, current national and international bioactive secondary metabolite scenario and future prospects. Endophytic fungi as novel source of potentially useful medicinal compounds are discussed along with the need to search for new and more effective agents from endophytes to combat disease problems
Review: Biological fertilization and its effect on medicinal and aromatic plants
Authors: KHALID KHALID ALI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Khalid KA. 2012. Review: Biological fertilization and its effect on medicinal and aromatic plants. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 124-133. The need to increase food production in most developing countries becomes the ultimate goal to meet the dramatic expansion of their population. However, this is also associated many cases with a reduction of the areas of arable land which leaves no opinion for farmers but to increase the yield per unit area through the use of improved the crop varieties, irrigation, and fertilization. The major problem facing the farmer is that he cannot afford the cost of these goods, particularly that of chemical fertilizers. Moreover, in countries where fertilizer production relies on imported raw materials, the costs are even higher for farmer and for the country. Besides this, chemical fertilizers production and utilization are considered as air, soil, and water polluting operations. The utilization of bio-fertilizers is considered today by many scientists as a promising alternative, particularly for developing countries. Bio-fertilization is generally based on altering the rhizosphere flora, by seed or soil inoculation with certain organisms, capable of inducing beneficial effects on a compatible host. Bio-fertilizers mainly comprise nitrogen fixes (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Azolla or blue-green algae), phosphate dissolvers or vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and silicate bacteria. These organisms may affect their host plant by one or more mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, production of growth promoting substances or organic acids, enhancing nutrient uptake or protection against plant pathogens. Growth characters, yield, essential oil and its constituents, fixed oil, carbohydrates, soluble sugars and nutrients contents of medicinal and aromatic plants were significantly affected by adding the biological fertilizers compared with recommended chemical fertilizers.
Short Communication: Effects of temperature on growth, pigment composition and protein content of an Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune
Authors: TRIPATHI RANJANA , DHULDHAJ UMESH P. , SINGH SURENDRA
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Tripathi R, Dhuldhaj UP, Singh S. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of temperature on growth, pigment composition and protein content of an Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 134-137. Effect of temperature variation on biomass accumulation, pigment composition, and protein content was studied for the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune, isolated from Antarctica. Results confirmed the psychrotrophic behavior (optimum growth temperature 250C) of the cyanobacterium. Low temperature increased the duration of lag phase and exponential growth phase. Maximum increase in biomass was recorded on 24th day at 250C and on 12th day at 50C. The downshift from 25 to 50C had almost negligible effect on chl a content. Maximal protein content was recorded for cultures growing at 50C on 12th day. The carotenoids/chl a ratio was maximum (2.48) at 50C on 9th day. It remained almost constant for cultures growing at 5 and 350C. There was an induction in protein synthesis following downshift in temperature from 25 to 5◦C.
Response of Silybum marianum plant to irrigation intervals combined with fertilization
Authors: HENDAWY SABER F. , HUSSEIN MOHAMED S. , YOUSSEF ABD-ELGHANI A. , EL-MERGAWI REYAD A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Hendawy SF, Hussein MS, Youssef AA, El-Mergawi RA. 2013. Response of Silybum marianum plant to irrigation intervals combined with fertilization. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 22-29. This study was investigated to evaluate the influence of different kinds of organic and bio fertilization under different irrigation intervals on the growth, production and chemical constituents of Silybum marianum plant. Data indicated that all studied growth and yield characters were significantly affected by the duration of irrigation intervals. Fertilizer treatments had a primitive effect on growth and yield characters. The interaction between irrigation intervals and fertilizer treatments has a clear considerable effect on growth and yield characters. The obtained results indicated the favorable effect of organic and bio fertilizers which reduce the harmful effect of water stress. Different treatments had a pronounced effect on silymarin content.
Effect of ectomycorrhizae on growth and establishment of sal (Shorea robusta) seedlings in central India
Authors: PYASI ABHISHEK , SONI KRISHNA KANT , VERMA RAM KEERTI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Pyasi A, Soni KK, Verma RK. 2013. Effect of ectomycorrhizae on growth and establishment of sal (Shorea robusta) seedlings in central India. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 44-49. The aim of the present study was to develop ectomycorrhiza in sal sapling outside the sal growing areas. For this purpose sal seedling were raised at Jabalpur which is around 80 km away from natural sal forest (Motinala, Madhya Pradesh, India). Seed sowing was done with inoculation of ectomycorrhizal inocula prepared by isolating the fungi from surface sterilized young basidiocarp of Lycoperdon compactum and Russula michiganensis. The inocula of ectomycorrhizal fungus were prepared in wheat grains treated with gypsum. The synthesis of ectomycorrhiza was observed in the sapling planted in the experimental field at Jabalpur with production of basidiocarp of Lycoperdon compactum near saplings. The mycorrhized saplings also showed higher growth indices.
Effects of autoclaving on the proximate composition of stored castor (Ricinus communis) seeds
Authors: NEGEDU ANTHONY , AMEH JOSEPH B. , UMOH VERONICA J. , ATAWODI SUNDY E. , RAI MAHENDRA K.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Negedu A, Ameh JB, Umoh VJ, Atawodi SE, Rai MK. 2013. Effects of autoclaving on the proximate composition of stored castor (Ricinus communis) seeds. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 51-56. The effect of autoclaving on the proximate composition, free fatty acids and peroxide value of castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds in storage were studied. Seeds of castor were surface sterilized, dried and divided into two equal sets of 300g each. One set was autoclaved at 15 1b pressure for 30 minutes at 121oC and the other set served as control. Each set was prepared in triplicates and both sets were stored under same room temperature conditions for a period of 180 days and agitated intermittently. Analysis of the proximate composition showed that autoclaving treatment caused an increased total fat content, reduced moisture, protein, nitrogen-free extract (soluble sugar) and ash contents of the seeds in storage, as well as a non-significant increase in crude fiber (non-soluble sugar) content. It increased the free fatty acid content and decreased the peroxide value of seed oil.
Effect of water regime on the growth, flower yield, essential oil and proline contents of Calendula officinalis
Authors: METWALLY SAMI ALI , KHALID KHALID ALI , ABOU-LEILA BEDOUR H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Metwally SA, Khalid KA, Abou-Leila BH. 2013. Effect of water regime on the growth, flower yield, essential oil and proline contents of Calendula officinalis. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 65-69. The effects of water regime on the growth, content of essential oil and proline of Calendula officinalis L. plants were investigated. Water regimes of 75% of field water capacity increased certain growth characters [i.e. plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), flower diameter (cm) and spike stem diameter] and vase life (day). Water regime promoted the accumulation of essential oil content and its main components as well as proline contents.
Phenotypic recurrent selection on herb growth yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) grown in Egypt
Authors: IBRAHIM MOHAMED M. , KHALID KHALID A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Ibrahim MM, Khalid KA. 2013. Phenotypic recurrent selection on herb growth yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) grown in Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 70-74. This investigation was conducted in four generations: base population (G0, G1, G2) and G3 (clone selection generation) to evaluate the genetic variability of citronella clones. Thirteen clones were selected from base population to study the herb growth yield characters and oil production as well as genetic parameters, correlation, and regression. Results were recorded for herb growth characters (i.e. plant high (PH), no. of tillers (NOT), dry yield (DY), viability percentage (VP) and oil production. Significant variation was observed among citronella clones in base population for most studied traits. Wide range of mean values was observed among the characters for generations and cuts in most traits. High heritability values (0.95, 0.93, 0.89 and 0.72) were estimated in NOT, LG, HY and VP., respectively. Clone code no. 39/3, 17/4 and 8/1 gave highest values of dry weight, oil yield, and viability percentage. Selected clones showed significant positive regression and correlation between dry weight and each of number of tillers and linear growth. On the contrary, viability percentage had significant negative correlation and regression with other characters. These results raveled high yielding selected citronella clones will be utilized in medicinal plant breeding program.
Hydrophysical, chemical and microbial properties of imported green waste composts
Authors: EL-NAGAREABI SAIFELDIN A.F. , ELSHAFIE ABDULKADIRI E. , ALBURASHDI HUDA
Published: July 2014

Abstract. El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE, Alburashdi H. 2014. Hydrophysical, chemical and microbial properties of imported green waste composts. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 13-18. To study the hydrophysical, chemical and microbial properties of the imported green waste composts (GWCs) and their suitability as an alternative to agrochemicals, four types of GWCs (Florabella, Mikskaar, Potgrond, and Shamrock) were selected. All composts showed normal physical properties, except weed seeds in Shamrock. The germination indexes comparable to the standard (90%) were 100% for Mikskaar followed by Florabella (97%), Potgrond (95%), and Shamrock (92%). Variations in physicochemical properties were shown as acidic pH 5.1-6.5 (standard 5-8), electrical conductivity (EC) 0.8-1.8 mScm-1 (standard 0.0-4.0 mScm-1), moisture content (MC) 54-70.5% (standard 35-60%) and water holding capacity (WHC%) 400-800%. The chemical properties were expressed as ammonia concentrations 2871-6565 mg kg-1 (standard <500 mg kg-1), organic matter 53.3-66.2% (standard 35%). The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg, As, Cd, and Cr) were lower than the recommended levels. The bacterial colony forming unit per gram compost ranged between 330-2870 cfu/g, the most probable number (MPN) for coliform bacteria was 23-460 cfu/g, whereas the fungal cfu were 30-1800 cfu/g. Aspergillus niger was the predominant fungus recovered from all compost samples (100%), followed by A. fumigatus (75%), whereas A. sparsus, A. versicolor and yeasts (50%), and the remaining species of the genus Acremonium sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. restrictus, Cladosporium spp., and Penicillium spp. recovered from 25% of the samples. Generally, these composts revealed normal hydrophysical properties with obvious variation in moisture contents and elevated chemicals and microbial contamination. Therefore, there is an urgent need for quality control measurements and restrict abide to legislations and quarantine regulations.
Six unrecorded species of Russula (Russulales) from Nagaland, India and their nutrient composition
Authors: KUMAR RAJESH , TAPWAL ASHWANI , PANDEY SHAILESH , RISHI RAJA , MISHRA GAURAV , GIRI KRISHNA
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Kumar R, Tapwal A, Pandey S, Raja-Rishi R, Mishra G, Giri K. 2014. Six unrecorded species of Russula (Russulales) from Nagaland, India and their nutrient composition. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 33-38. The young and matured carpophores of mushrooms were collected from the forests of Puliebzie, Zakhama, Pherma, Mankoi, Chungtia, and Tigit located in different districts of Nagaland, one of the north-eastern states of India. All the species were found associated with Pinus khasya, P. caribaea, P. patula, Cryptomeria japonica, Canarium resiniferum, Dipterocarpus macrocarpus, and Shorea assamica. The collected mushrooms were identified as Russula species on the basis of their macro and microscopic characteristics. The identified Russula species were also screened for their nutrient content. The protein and carbohydrate content was found to vary between 28.12 to 42.86, and 49.33 to 55%, respectively. These species [Russula aeruginea Lindblad; -Fr., R. alnetorum Romagnesi, R. brevipes Peck, R. fragrantissima Romagnesi, R. nobilis Velen. and R. ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr Gray.] are a new record from Nagaland state of India.
Using and comparing two nonparametric methods (CART and RF) and SPOT-HRG satellite data to predictive tree diversity distribution
Authors: KALBI SIAVASH , FALLAH ASGHAR , HOJJATI SEYED MOHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Kalbi S, Fallah A, Hojjati SM. 2014. Using and comparing two nonparametric methods (CART and RF) and SPOT-HRG satellite data to predictive tree diversity distribution. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 57-62. The prediction of spatial distributions of tree species by means of survey data has recently been used for conservation planning. Numerous methods have been developed for building species habitat suitability models. The present study was carried out to find the possible proper relationships between tree species diversity indices and SPOT-HRG reflectance values in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran. Two different modeling techniques, Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Random Forest (RF), were fitted to the data in order to find the most successfully model. Simpson, Shannon diversity and the reciprocal of Simpson indices were used for estimating tree diversity. After collecting terrestrial information on trees in the 100 samples, the tree diversity indices were calculated in each plot. RF with determinate coefficient and RMSE from 56.3 to 63.9 and RMSE from 0.15 to 0.84 has better results than CART algorithms with determinate coefficient 42.3 to 63.3 and RMSE from 0.188 to 0.88. Overall the results showed that the SPOT-HRG satellite data and nonparametric regression could be useful for estimating tree diversity in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran.
Poverty and social policy in Europe 2020: ungovernable and ungoverned
Authors: Copeland Paul , Daly Mary
Published: July 2014

This article examines the latest iteration of EU social policy – the target to reduce poverty and social exclusion by 20 million. The application of a three-part conceptual matrix – focused on ideas, politics and governance – indicates key weaknesses. The target is ungovernable because it melds different approaches to poverty and social exclusion and because of the leeway to Member States to adopt an approach of their own choice. And the target is ungoverned because of low political priority and uncertainty around its legal status, as well as ambiguity over how it fits into the Europe 2020 governance process.
International governmental organisations and global youth unemployment: the normative and ideational foundations of policy discourses
Authors: Fergusson Ross , Yeates Nicola
Published: July 2014

This article compares policy discourses concerning youth unemployment of seven international governmental organisations (IGOs). We classify the discourses according to broadly neoliberal and social democratic positions across labour market and social welfare domains, regarding causes of and responses to youth unemployment. We relate evidence of hybrids and shifts in IGOs’ discourses to wider institutional contexts of global social policy and to debates about IGO responses to the global financial crisis. Our analysis addresses a neglected sphere of global social policy and youth policy research and opens a window on the contested politics of the determination of a new policy field.
Need and poverty
Authors: Cárthaigh Seosamh Mac
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an account of ‘need’ and teases out some of the implications of that account for discussions of ‘poverty’. It makes two main claims: that ‘poverty’ involves unmet need and that ‘needs’ are necessary conditions for end-states. If these claims are accepted, several things follow. One is that statements about poverty will only be fully intelligible when the end-states for which the ‘poor’ lack the necessary conditions are clearly understood. Since much research fails to make clear what it is that the ‘poor’ lack the necessary conditions to do or be, this point is not without significance.
MDGs in Nigeria, communication and the media
Authors: Udoakah Nkereuwem , Negrine Ralph
Published: July 2014

This article takes a look at the African perspective of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and examines Nigeria’s communication strategy for its implementation. Against the backdrop of endemic corruption in Nigeria and her news commercialization policy, the article examines the extent to which the media have been mobilized or motivated to be partners in the MDGs campaign. Also, it tries to bring to the fore how the citizens have been carried along in the campaign and what roles (if any) they have been made to play.

Sources used for the data for this article include public communication and media advocacy literature, interviews with key informants with knowledge about Nigeria’s MDGs and a survey of Nigerian editors. Some information also came from the Conference on MDGs campaign organized at the University of Uyo in November 2011.

It was found that, because government media dominate the Nigerian media environment, a paternalistic relationship seems to be the expectation of the MDGs’ implementers in their dealings with the media. That is, the MDGs’ implementers tend to expect the media to go after them rather than them looking for the media. Besides, the MDGs’ implementers expect the Federal Ministry of Information and the National Orientation Agency to handle the publicity of the programmes for them. The result is that the MDGs’ campaign roadmap, which promised a behavioural change communication, has not been implemented and the attempt at the campaign lacks design and strategies. Neither are new media used for the campaign nor are the editors and journalists impressed by the awareness level about MDGs among Nigerians.
Using Public Service Broadcasting to promote development
Authors: Smith Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

Broadcasting, in order to assist development, has its roots in the aspirations of Public Service Broadcasters. It is likely to increase in the years ahead because broadcasting is the most effective and cheapest way to influence mass opinion and attitudes. It fits with the basic objectives of Public Service Broadcasting. Proving its effectiveness is difficult, but methodologies are improving.
The representation of the environmental crises on Lake Victoria in Uganda’s media: A critical analysis of the Victoria Voice radio documentaries
Authors: Jjuuko Margaret , Prinsloo Jeanne
Published: July 2014

This article is concerned with how the environmental crises on Lake Victoria is addressed by the media in Uganda, while confining its focus on a single radio case study, and presents a critical textual analysis of the discourses and discursive practices of the Victoria Voice environmental radio documentaries aired on Uganda’s Central Broadcasting Service (CBS) radio in 2005. The analysis focuses on two representative episodes of the Victoria Voice radio series relating to the situation on Lake Victoria. It argues that the framing and construction of the situation on Lake Victoria tend to privilege the wealthy or powerful elite rather than address the root causes of environmental degradation. The marginalization of the powerless (or ordinary people) recurs in these episodes, and while their voices are included in the programmes, they are framed by the more socially powerful.
Film review
Authors: Adeleye Ifedayo
Published: July 2014

Tango With Me: A Step Forward with the New Nollywood Film: Tango With Me (2010). 104mins Release Date: 24 August 2012 (UK) Producer/Director: Mahmoud Ali Balogun Author: Dapo Oshiyemi Talking Drum Entertainment Stars include: Joseph Benjamin, Bimbo Manuel, Genevieve Nnaji Production Company: Brickwall Communications Production Cost: 50 Million Naira (estimated cost) Website: http://www.tangowithmefilm.com
The Value of Postponing Pregnancy: California’s Paid Family Leave and the Timing of Pregnancies
Authors: Lichtman-Sadot Shirlee
Published: July 2014

Conditioning a monetary benefit on individuals’ family status can create distortions, even in individuals’ seemingly personal decisions, such as the birth of a child. Birth timing and its response to various policies has been studied by economists in several papers. However, pregnancy timing – i.e. the timing of conception – and its response to policy announcements has not been examined. This paper makes use of a 21-month lag between announcing California’s introduction of the first paid parental leave program in the United States and its scheduled implementation to evaluate whether women timed their pregnancies in order to be eligible for the expected benefit. Using natality data, documenting all births in the United States, a difference-in-differences approach compares California births to births in states outside of California before the program’s introduction and in 2004, the year California introduced paid parental leave. The results show that the distribution of California births in 2004 significantly shifted from the first half of the year to the second half of the year, immediately after the program’s implementation. While the effect is present for all population segments of new mothers, it is largest for disadvantaged mothers – with lower education levels, of Hispanic origin, younger, and not married. These results shed light on the population segments most affected by the introduction of paid parental leave and on the equitable nature of paid parental leave policies.
Testing a long-standing hypothesis on the relation between the auditory bulla size and environmental conditions: a case study in two jird species (Muridae: Meriones libycus and M. crassus)
Authors: Yazdi Fatemeh Tabatabaei , Colangelo Paolo , Adriaens Dominique
Published: July 2014

Variation in mammalian auditory bulla size has been linked to environmental conditions, and has even been claimed to provide a habitat-specific survival value. Enlarged bullae are typically shared among species adapted to living in arid habitats. Previous studies suggest that jirds also exhibit this adaptive enlargement of the bulla. However, such claims are based on the observation on a limited number of specimens, and thus they provide no quantitative support for this hypothesis. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis using a combination of geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical techniques on a large sample of two jird species that exhibit a wide and partially overlapping geographical (and hence climatic) range, i.e.,
Alleyne on the Ground
Authors: King Nancy J. , Applebaum Brynn E.
Published: July 2014

This article addresses the impact of Alleyne v. United States on statutes that restrict an offender’s eligibility for release on parole or probation. Alleyne is the latest of several Supreme Court decisions applying the rule announced in the Court’s 2000 ruling, Apprendi v. New Jersey. To apply Alleyne, courts must for the first time determine what constitutes a minimum sentence and when that minimum is mandatory. These questions have proven particularly challenging in states that authorize indeterminate sentences, when statutes that delay the timing of eligibility for release are keyed to judicial findings at sentencing. The same questions also arise, in both determinate and indeterminate sentencing jurisdictions, under statutes that limit the option of imposing either probation or a suspended sentence upon judicial fact finding. In this Article, we argue that Alleyne invalidates such statutes. We provide analyses that litigants and judges might find useful as these Alleyne challenges make their way through the courts, and offer a menu of options for state lawmakers who would prefer to amend their sentencing law proactively in order to minimize disruption of their criminal justice systems.
IgG4-related thyroiditis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Abo Salook Mahmud , Benbassat Carlos , Strenov Yulia , Tirosh Amit
Published: July 2014

A 55-year-old male, with a positive medical history for hypothyroidism, treated with stable doses for years was admitted with subacute thyroiditis and a feeling of pain and pressure in the neck. Laboratory tests showed decrease in TSH levels, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and very high antithyroid antibodies. Owing to enlarging goiter and exacerbation in the patient's complaints, he was operated with excision of a fibrotic and enlarged thyroid lobe. Elevated IgG4 plasma levels and high IgG4/IgG plasma cell ratio on immunohistochemistry led to the diagnosis of IgG4-mediated thyroiditis. We concluded that IgG4-thyroiditis and IgG4-related disease should be considered in all patients with an aggressive form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Learning points

IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease that includes several syndromes; IgG4-related thyroiditis is one among them.

IgG4-thyroiditis should be considered in all patients with an aggressive form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Patients with suspected IgG4-thyroiditis should have blood tested for IgG4/IgG ratio and appropriate immunohistochemical staining if possible.
ROHHADNET Syndrome Presenting as Major Behavioral Changes in a 5-Year-Old Obese Girl
Authors: Sethi Karen , Lee Yi-Horng , Daugherty L. Eugene , Hinkle Andrea , Johnson Mahlon D. , Katzman Philip J. , Sullivan John S.
Published: July 2014

Behavioral issues are a frequent problem in the pediatric population. Often, these are evaluated and considered to be psychiatric in origin. We report on a pediatric patient who presented with severe behavioral disturbance and developed organic symptoms including hypoventilation and dysautonomia and who was ultimately diagnosed with ROHHADNET syndrome, a syndrome of rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation associated with a neuroendocrine tumor. Autopsy findings revealed novel findings of the syndrome, including hypothalamic encephalitis.
Opening dialogue and fostering collaboration: Different ways of knowing in fisheries research
Authors: Duggan Greg L. , Rogerson Jennifer J.M. , Green Lesley J.F. , Jarre Astrid
Published: July 2014

We set out to explore some of the impediments which hinder effective communication among fishers, fisheries researchers and managers using detailed ethnographic research amongst commercial handline fishers from two sites– one on the southern Cape coast and the other on the west coast of South Africa. Rather than assuming that the knowledge of fishers and scientists is inherently divergent and incompatible, we discuss an emerging relational approach to working with multiple ways of knowing and suggest that this approach might benefit future collaborative endeavours. Three major themes arising from the ethnographic fieldwork findings are explored: different classifications of species and things; bringing enumerative approaches into dialogue with relational approaches; and the challenge of articulating embodied ways of relating to fish and the sea. Although disconcertments arise when apparently incommensurable approaches are brought into dialogue, we suggest that working with multiple ways of knowing is both productive and indeed necessary in the current South African fisheries research and management contexts. The research findings and discussion on opening dialogue offered in this work suggest a need to rethink contemporary approaches to fisheries research in order to mobilise otherwise stagnant conversations, bringing different ways of knowing into productive conversation.
Influence of Application Timings and Sublethal Rates of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides on Soybean
Authors: Solomon Craig B. , Bradley Kevin W.
Published: July 2014

Synthetic auxin herbicides have long been utilized for the selective control of broadleaf weeds in a variety of crop and noncrop environments. Recently, two agrochemical companies have begun to develop soybean with resistance to 2,4-D and dicamba which might lead to an increase in the application of these herbicides in soybean production areas in the near future. Additionally, little research has been published pertaining to the effects of a newly-discovered synthetic auxin herbicide, aminocyclopyrachlor, on soybean phytotoxicity. Two field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effects of sublethal rates of 2,4-D amine, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, clopyralid, dicamba, fluroxypyr, picloram, and triclopyr on visible estimates of soybean injury, height reduction, maturity, yield, and yield components. Each of these herbicides was applied to soybean at the V3 and R2 stages of growth at 0.028, 0.28, 2.8, and 28 g ae ha−1. Greater height reductions occurred with all herbicides, except 2,4-D amine and triclopyr when applied at the V3 compared to the R2 stage of growth. Greater soybean yield loss occurred with all herbicides except 2,4-D amine when applied at the R2 compared to the V3 stage of growth. The only herbicide applied that resulted in no yield loss at either stage was 2,4-D amine. When applied at 28 g ae ha−1at the V3 stage of growth, the general order of herbicide-induced yield reductions to soybean from greatest to least was aminopyralid > aminocyclopyrachlor = clopyralid = picloram > fluroxypyr > triclopyr > dicamba > 2,4-D amine. At the R2 stage of growth, the general order of herbicide-induced yield reductions from greatest to least was aminopyralid > aminocyclopyrachlor = picloram > clopyralid > dicamba > fluroxypyr = triclopyr > 2,4-D amine. Yield reductions appeared to be more correlated with seeds per pod than to pods per plant and seed weight. An 18- to 26-d delay in soybean maturity also occurred with R2 applications of all synthetic auxin herbicides at 28 g ae ha−1except 2,4-D. Results from this research indicate that there are vast differences in the relative phytotoxicity of these synthetic auxin herbicides to soybean, and that the timing of the synthetic auxin herbicide exposure will have a significant impact on the severity of soybean height and/or yield reductions.
Hairy Nightshade Critical Interference Period in Potatoes
Authors: Hutchinson Pamela J. S.
Published: July 2014

Field research trials were conducted in Idaho at the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center in 2006 and 2007 to determine the critical interference period of hairy nightshade in potatoes. ‘Russet Norkotah’ variety was planted both years in plots three rows wide by 12 m long. When the potatoes had emerged, one- to two-leaf hairy nightshade plants that had been germinated and grown in the greenhouse were transplanted at a 2 m−1row density and allowed to grow for 10, 20, 30, or 40 d after emergence (DAE) before removal, or the potatoes were maintained weed-free for 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 DAE before transplanting. Potatoes were harvested from the center row at the end of each growing season and yield and grade was determined. Russet Norkotah is a small-canopied potato variety and often does not completely close canopy in Idaho. Russet Norkotah U.S. No. 1 and total tuber yield were similar to weed-free yield when hairy nightshade transplanting was delayed up to 22 or 24 DAE, respectively, or planted at emergence and allowed to remain for only 6 or 11 d, respectively. Otherwise, yield decrease was 5% or greater. Therefore, the critical weed-free period for Russet Norkotah potato U.S. No. 1 or total tuber yields was 6 to 22 or 11 to 24 DAE, respectively.
Effect of PRE and POST-Directed Herbicides for Season-Long Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Control in Bell Pepper
Authors: Miller M. Ryan , Dittmar Peter J.
Published: July 2014

Fomesafen and imazosulfuron are two recently registered herbicides for use in Florida bell pepper. Field studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate PRE, POST-directed (POST-DIR), and PRE followed by (fb) POST-DIR control programs utilizing these new herbicides for nutsedge control in Florida bell pepper. PRE treatments included: S-metolachlor at 0.71 and 1.07 kg ai ha−1, fomesafen at 0.28 and 0.42 kg ai ha−1, S-metolachlor at 0.71 kg ha−1 + fomesafen 0.28 kg ha−1, and S-metolachlor at 1.07 kg ha−1 + fomesafen at 0.42 kg ha−1. POST-DIR treatments included imazosulfuron at 0.21 and 0.34 kg ai ha−1. PRE fb POST-DIR treatments included S-metolachlor at 0.71 or 1.07 kg ha−1 fb imazosulfuron at 0.21 kg ha−1 and fomesafen at 0.28 or 0.42 kg ha−1 fb imazosulfuron at 0.21 kg ha−1. Nutsedge control in both years at 28 d after planting was similar among all PRE treatments providing ≤ 60% control. The addition of imazosulfuron POST-DIR following S-metolachlor or fomesafen PRE provided greater control compared to S-metolachlor or fomesafen alone 14, 21, and 28 d after the POST-DIR application. Plots treated with S-metolachlor resulted in lower marketable weight and marketable fruit count compared to fomesafen in 2012; however, this was not observed in 2013. The results for these studies indicate the importance of a PRE fb POST-DIR herbicide for nutsedge control and that fomesafen or S-metolachlor PRE fb imazosulfuron POST-DIR provides growers with a viable tool capable of achieving season-long control of nutsedge in bell pepper.
Impact of Exposure to 2,4-D and Dicamba on Peanut Injury and Yield
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Ferrell Jason A. , Brecke Barry J.
Published: July 2014

The potential widespread adoption of cotton and soybean varieties with 2,4-D and dicamba resistance traits in the southeastern US will increase the risk of accidental exposure of peanut to these herbicides because of drift or application errors. When such accidents occur, growers must decide between continuing the crop and terminating it. In order to make this decision, growers need to estimate the potential yield reduction caused by 2,4-D or dicamba. Dose-response studies were conducted under field conditions in Citra and Jay, FL in 2012 and 2013 to determine peanut injury and yield reduction after exposure to 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1120 g ae ha−1of 2,4-D or to 35, 70, 140, 280, and 560 g ae ha−1of dicamba at 21 and 42 d after planting (DAP). Only herbicide by rate interactions were significant (P < 0.04). Dicamba caused 2 to 5 times higher peanut injury and 0.5 to 2 times higher yield reductions than 2,4-D. Injury ranged from 0 to 35% when peanut plants were treated with 2,4-D and from 20 to 78% with dicamba. The maximum yield reduction was 41% with 1,120 g ha−1of 2,4-D and 65% with 560 g ha−1of dicamba. Linear regression indicated that the intercept for yield reduction was 12% for 2,4-D and 23% for dicamba, and there was a 2.5% and 7.7% increase in yield reduction per additional 100 g ha−1, respectively. Although high variability was observed for the different variables, there was a positive correlation between injury and peanut yield reduction (P < 0.0001) with Pearson's Rho values ranging from 0.45 to 0.59 for 2,4-D and from 0.27 to 0.55 for dicamba, suggesting that growers can use injury data to make rough projections of yield reduction and decide if they continue their crop, especially when injury is evident.
Simplified Rolled Technique at Implant‐Uncovering Surgery for Correcting Horizontal Ridge Defect
Authors: Jordan Eboné , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Saglik Berna , Fu Jia‐Hui , Oh Tae‐Ju , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Ridge deficiencies are major esthetic challenges for the rehabilitation of edentulous ridges with fixed prostheses. Depending on the severity of the defect, it may be corrected through either hard‐ and soft‐tissue augmentation or soft‐tissue augmentation alone. The second‐stage surgery for implant uncovering offers an opportunity to surgically correct remaining ridge defects. This case presents an alternative approach to correct a facial soft‐tissue deficiency at the implant‐uncovering surgery.

Case Presentation: A 34‐year‐old white female with high esthetic expectations was seen for extraction of tooth #9. Five months after extraction, an implant was placed with simultaneous bone augmentation. Six months later, a mild horizontal ridge deficiency was observed. It was subsequently corrected at the time of implant uncovering using a simplified roll technique, featuring minimal surgical trauma and patient discomfort. The implant restoration, peri‐implant bone, and soft tissue were stable after 6 months of functional loading.

Conclusion: Mild ridge deficiencies in the esthetic zone can be corrected through the use of a simplified roll technique during implant uncovering.
Adult-Onset Still’s Disease Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hu Yingchun , Wang Han , Deng Juelin
Published: July 2014

To our knowledge, the possible unveiled interaction between adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has never been reported although it is well established that systemic autoimmune disease may usually occur in relation to AITD. As increasingly clear links of AITD with other autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) have been reported, and the incidence of AOSD concurrent AITD draws our attention rapidly. In this study, we searched relevant literatures published in the past 30 years to explore that condition.
Experimental Degradation of Nonylphenol (Endocrine Disruptor) by Using Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kouakou Yao Salomon , Zhang Cai Xiang , Wang Yan Xin , Liao Xiao Ping , Le Li Jia
Published: July 2014

The photodegradation of nonylphenol under UV irradiation was investigated in an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the photochemically active substance was investigated. Influences of pH, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and the initial concentration of nonylphenol were studied. The following conditions were determined as optimal for nonylphenol removal: pH 1, H2O2 concentration of 40 mg/L, and an initial nonylphenol concentration of 15 of mg/L. Under these conditions, the removal of nonylphenol reached about 80% after 2 hours of irradiation. Identification of degradation products was done by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and analyses revealed Benzaldehyde, 4‐methoxy and Diisobutyl phthalate as the main products of nonylphenol photodegradation.
Chemical Species of Metallic Elements in the Aquatic Environment of anEx‐Mining Catchment
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Ahmad Mushtaq , Akib Shatirah , Balkhair Khaled S. , Abu Bakar Nor Kartini
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical speciation of dissolved and particulate elements (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, arsenic, and tin) in the mining wastewater of a former tin‐mining catchment. The speciation patterns of dissolved elements were estimated by an adsorptive stripping voltammeter (ASV), while particulate elements were analyzed by using a newly developed sequential‐extraction leaching procedure. The procedure has been operationally defined among five host fractions, namely exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, organic bound, and residual fractions. A total of six elements (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, arsenic, and tin) were analyzed in thirty samples at ten locations (P1‐P10), with three samples taken from each of the ten locations, to get the average value from the former tin‐mining catchment. The results showed that the heavy metal pollutions in locations P4 and P8 were more severe than in other sampling sites, especially tin and lead pollution. In the water samples from locations P4 and P8, both the total contents and the most dangerous non‐residual fractions of tin and lead were extremely high. More than 90% of the total concentrations of arsenic and chromium existed in the residual fraction. Concentrations of copper and zinc mainly occurred in the residual fraction (more than 60%), while lead and tin presented mostly in the non‐residual fractions in surface water. For all of the six dissolved elements, the less‐labile species formed the predominant fraction in their speciation patterns. The speciation patterns of particulate elements showed that most of the concentrations of zinc, copper, chromium, and arsenic were found in the reducible fraction; whereas lead and tin were mainly associated with the organic fraction.
Assessment of Herbicide Transport and Distribution in Subsurface Environments of an Orange Field
Authors: Wu Lei , Ma Xiao‐yi , Liu Xia
Published: July 2014

The demand for assessing both the variability of risk areas and the intensity of pollutant load rates on pesticide transferring to waters in China has been increasingly vigorous in recent decades. Therefore, to explore the transport of linuron with rainfall and irrigation in canopy‐soil systems, an integrated pesticide transport modeling system has been selected and verified for simulating the three‐phase linuron environmental fate in an orange field of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area. Results demonstrate that spatio‐temporal distributions of linuron in surface soil primarily depend on its properties, rainfall, irrigation, and its applications; the peak levels of linuron in subsurface and deep soil are closely related to the cumulative and delayed effects. The findings may be used for policy supporting of soil–water–crop–pesticide management in an agricultural field of the TGR area.
Three-dimensional simulations of the surface topography evolution of niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: Radjenovic Branislav , Belicev Petar , Radmilovic-Radjenovic Marija
Published: July 2014

This paper contains results of the three-dimensional simulations of the
surface topography evolution of the niobium superconducting radio frequency
cavities during isotropic and anisotropic etching modes. The initial rough
surface is determined from the experimental power spectral density. The
simulation results based on the level set method reveal that the time
dependence of the root mean square roughness obeys Family-Viscek scaling law.
The growth exponential factors b are determined for both etching modes.
Exponential factor for the isotropic etching is 100 times lower than that for
the anisotropic etching mode reviling that the isotropic etching is very
useful mechanism of the smoothing. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
Srbije, br. O171037 i br. III45006
Effects of ion beams on flash memory cells
Authors: Obrenovic Marija , Lazarevic Djordje , Dolicanin Edin , Vujisic Milos
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the flash memory reliability in terms of the ionizing
radiation effects. In fact, the reliability of flash memory depends on
physico-chemical restrictions of electrostatic nature due to the effects of
ionizing radiation. The presented results are actual as a high degree of
integrated components miniaturization affects the memory sensitivity, while
the role of memories in the solar cells management system for space flights
is increasing, so that the effects of ionizing radiation may cause changes in
the stored data or the physical destruction of the flash memory components.
The Ukrainian pilot project “Stop radon”
Authors: Pavlenko Tatyana , German Olga , Frizyuk Miroslava , Aksenov Nikolay , Operchyuk Anatoliy
Published: July 2014

In 2010 one area of Ukraine (Kirovograd area) was selected for a pilot
project to reduce radon risks. The project consists of several stages: radon
risk training for the public health professionals, measurements of radon
concentration in schools and nurseries (more than 1000 buildings were
examined), justifications of radon countermeasures and their implementation.
The lognormal frequency distribution for equivalent equilibrium concentration
was authentically established. The geometric mean of the indoor radon
equivalent equilibrium concentration was established to 63 Bq/m3, and
standard deviation is equal to 82 Bq/m3. The indoor radon equivalent
equilibrium concentration ranged from 22 Bq/m3 to 809 Bq/m3. It was found
that the national regulatory limit for this type of buildings was exceeded in
more than 50% of the cases. The second phase of the project has a goal to
remediate radon levels and reduce radon risks. Calculated exposure doses and
radon risk were used to justify the remediation and assess the economic loss
for the region caused by radon irradiation of the population.