bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hotel Finca Campestre Rosa Blanca: Ejemplo de responsabilidad social empresarial en Costa Rica
Authors: Vasconcelos Vásquez Kattia Lizzett , Marín Gutiérre Claudia
Published: September 2016

Este artículo trata la relación entre la Certificación de Sostenibilidad Turistica (CST) en Costa Rica, el cual ha implantado un sistema de gestión basado en el estándar CST y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). La valoraciónpermitirá encontrar diferencias o similitudes entre la CST y la RSE, con el fin de ver cómo estas favorecen la gestión empresarial y la sostenibilidad, poniendo de manifiesto los principales cambios organizativos que se deben implementar en la institución o empresa, para lograr un resultado eficaz y un mejor servicio al cliente.
La participación de Costa Rica en el marco del Sistema Multilateral de Comercio
Authors: Monge Ureña Deyda María , Valverde Chaves Jeannette
Published: September 2016

Costa Rica ha sido un baluarte en comercio exterior, siempre presente en la Ronda de Uruguay, en el Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) y firmante de la   Organización Mundial del  Comercio (OMC).El artículo describe el proceso de adhesión de Costa Rica al sistema multilateral de comercio, desde la negociación y adhesión al Acuerdo General Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) hasta su ingreso como miembro fundador a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) y la participación que ha tenido el país en este importante foro de comercio mundial.
Temperature and daily emergence of seven genera of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in a cloud forest stream of tropical Andes
Authors: Chacón María M. , Segnini Samuel , Briceño Daniela
Published: September 2016

Daily emergence of mayflies in Neotropical rivers and their causes have been poorly studied. In temperate zones, this process is better known and attributed to several factors. In this work, we studied the daily emergence of subimagines of several Ephemeroptera genera in La Picón River of a Venezuelan Andean cloud forest and its relation with changes of environmental temperature. Four emergence traps were placed along a reach of 50 m of the stream, each one was examined each two hours in a 24 hr cycle to capture the newly emerged subimagos. This procedure was repeated for eight dates between November-2007 and February-2008 for a total of 32 observations in each sampling hour. The subimagos were reared to adults and identified to genus. The relative density of emergence per trap was calculated for each genus and sampling hour. Water and air temperature were measured each hour during the daily cycle of observation, and the averages of temperature and hour-degrees of air and water were calculated for each hour from the eight dates studied. Seven genera were identified: Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 and Haplohyphes Allen 1966 (Leptophlebiidae); Prebaetodes Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, 1996, Andesiops Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, 1999, Baetodes Needham and Murphy, 1924 and Americabaetis Kluge, 1992 (Baetidae); and Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Leptophlebiidae); being the more abundant Leptohyphes (38.4 %) and Thraulodes (20.5 %). The emergence occurred between 11:00 am and 23:00 pm showing the following: a) an emergence initiated during daylight hours by organisms of Leptohyphes, Prebaetodes and Haplohyphes; b) a nocturnal emergence, in Thraulodes, Andesiops, Baetodes and Americabaetis; and c) two peaks: one diurnal produced by Leptohyphes and other nocturnal with predominance of Thraulodes. These results are the first records on the diurnal daily emergence in Andesiops, Prebaetodes, Americabaetis, Haplohyphes, and Leptohyphes, as well as the nocturnal emergence in Thraulodes. It was evidenced that Leptohyphes, with small nymphs (average head width = 1.05 mm) needed to accumulate less hour-degrees to initiate the emergence than those required by Thraulodes whose nymphs are larger (average head width = 2.01 mm). This disparity in the emergence energy requirements must be consequence of differences between the sizes of mature nymphs of both genera; facts which rely on the constancy of sizes shown by these taxa along an altitudinal-thermal gradient and the little daily and seasonal variability of water temperature in La Picón River. In the daily lapse when the emergence occurred, the air and water average temperatures were higher than those registered in the no-emergence lapse; therefore; it is suggested that during the daily lapse, when this process occurs, the environment is thermally favorable for the emergence of subimagos and their survival out of water.
Biomass and total carbon in oak forests of Southern Colombian Andes: contributions to the REDD+ project-wide approach.
Authors: Yepes Adriana , Sierra Andrés , Niño Luz Milena , López Manuel , Garay César , Vargas Diana , Cabrera Edersson , Barbosa Adriana
Published: September 2016

Carbon estimations in tropical forests are very important to understand the role of these ecosystems in the carbon cycle, and to support decisions and the formulation of mitigation and adaptive strategies to reduce the greenhouse emission gases (GHG). Nevertheless, detailed ground-based quantifications of total carbon stocks in tropical montane forests are limited, despite their high value in science and ecosystem management (e.g. REDD+). The objective was to identify the role of these ecosystems as carbon stocks, to evaluate the contribution of the pools analyzed (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and necromass), and to make contributions to the REDD+ approach from the project scale. For this study, we established 44 plots in a heterogeneous landscape composed by old-grown forests located in the Southern Colombian Andes. In each plot, all trees, palms and ferns with diameter (D) ≥ 15 cm were measured. In the case of palms, the height was measured for 40 % of the individuals, following the Colombia National Protocol to estimate biomass and carbon in natural forests. National allometric equations were used to estimate aboveground biomass, and a global equation proposed by IPCC was used for belowground biomass estimation; besides, palms’ aboveground biomass was estimated using a local model. The necromass was estimated for dead standing trees and the gross debris. In the latter case, the length and diameters of the extremes in the pieces were measured. Samples for wood density estimations were collected in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. The mean total carbon stock was estimated as 545.9 ± 84.1 Mg/ha (± S.E.). The aboveground biomass contributed with 72.5 %, the belowground biomass with 13.6 %, and the necromass with 13.9 %. The main conclusion is that montane tropical forests store a huge amount of carbon, similar to low land tropical forests. In addition, the study found that the inclusion of other pools could contribute with more than 20 % to total carbon storage, indicating that estimates that only include the aboveground biomass, largely underestimate carbon stocks in tropical forest ecosystems. These results support the importance of including other carbon pools in REDD+ initiatives’ estimations.
Tolerancia de diez especies de diatomeas (Bacillariophyceae) a los factores físico-químicos del agua en el Río Sarapiquí, Costa Rica
Authors: Céspedes Vargas Edwin , Umaña Villalobos Gerardo , Silva Benavides Ana Margarita
Published: September 2016

Benthic diatoms are the periphyton component most studied in Costa Rican rivers, yet there is still much to be known about their ecology. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge. Periphyton samples from six locations along the middle reach of Sarapiquí river and some of its tributaries were taken and analyzed from 2010 to 2012. A total count of 400 frustules was performed in each sample to obtain relative abundances of each species. Ten species, which were easily recognized at the light microscope, were analyzed here: Achnanthidium exiguum, Coconneis placentula, Cymbella tumida, Luticola goeppertiana, Luticola ventricosa, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzchia clausii, Nupela praecipua, Reimeria sinuata and Synedra goulardi. Their abundance was related to physico chemical data at each site for every sampling date (dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH and alkalinity) with a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that allowed distinguishing three sectors along the river according to altitude. These sectors differed by substrate, riparian vegetation cover, and physic-chemical parameters, all of which resulted in differences in diatom species composition among them. Optimum values and tolerances form each environmental parameter were calculated for each species. Our results showed that A. exiguum, R. sinuata, L. ventricosa and C. tumida, were dominant in clean and well oxygenated waters with low temperatures. The species N. praecipua, S. goulardi, C. placentula, L. goeppertiana, N. clausii and N. symmetrica inhabited warm waters with high turbidity and low oxygen. The species A. exiguum, R. sinuata were dominant in sites with low alkalinity and conductivity, whereas species like N. symmetrica, C. tumida and L. ventricosa showed a positive relationship with conductivity and pH. The studied species showed good characteristics of their value as water quality indicators, yet due to different interpretations by several authors, it is necessary to perform further studies at more river basins in the country.
Anatomía Floral de Peristethium leptostachyum (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Robles Alejandra , Raz Lauren , Marquínez Xavier
Published: September 2016

Peristethium leptostachyum is a hemiparasite species of the family Loranthaceae, distributed in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and Panama. Previously treated as Struthanthus leptostachyus, the species was recently transferred to Peristethium together with other species of Cladocolea and Struthanthus. The present research describes the inflorescence and floral morphoanatomy of Peristethium leptostachyum, detailing the structure of the androecium and gynoecium and the processes of microgametogenesis and megagametogenesis, thus allowing comparison with Struthanthus and Cladocolea. Flowering material was collected in February and August 2012, in Santa María, Boyacá, Colombia. Histological sections were prepared and stained with astrablue-fuchsin and floral dissections were performed under a stereomicroscope. Peristethium leptostachyum shares inflorescence characters with Cladocolea (determinate inflorescence, ebracteate terminal flower), but also with Struthanthus (pairs of triads along the axis, deciduous bracts and actinomorphic flowers). The flowers of P. leptostachyum from Santa María are clearly hermaphrodites with androecium and gynoecium fully developed. This observation contradicts the description by Kuijt who reported this species to be dioecious. The androecium was observed to be similar to that of Struthanthus vulgaris, with a glandular tapetum and simultaneous microsporogenesis; in contrast, Cladocolea loniceroides has a periplasmodial tapetum and successive microsporogenesis. The gynoecium of P. leptostachyum, like that of Cladocolea, Struthanthus and Phthirusa, has a unilocular ovary with a mamelon and arquesporial tissue isoriented towards the style, which in turn is solid and amyliferous. Peristethium leptostachyum is similar to Cladocolea loniceroides and differs from Strutanthus vulgaris in presenting multiple embryo sacs and an unlignified pelvis (hipostase). The presence of a solid stylar canal is proposed as a synapomorphy of the tribe Psittacanthinae. Given that P. leptostachyum shares characters with both Cladocolea and Struthanthus generic placement cannot be clearly determined on the basis of anatomical evidence. Phylogenetic studies that include representative species of all three genera are desirable to test hypotheses of monophyly. The sexual system observed here in P. leptostachyum is different from that reported by Kuijt and more studies are needed to identify the factors (geographic, ecological, etc.) that influence this variation.
Organization maintenance of health related physical culture work with students in out-of-school establishments
Authors: Kogut I.A. , Marynych V.L.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: to substantiate the ways of organization of health related physical culture work with students in establishments of additional education. Material: in the research 12 experts in physical culture and additional education participated. We carried out expert questioning, which included questions about reasons of negative tendencies in children’s health in educational system. Results: we substantiated the role of additional education establishments, as places of health related physical culture work with students, realization. Potential of additional education establishments is optimization of resources by the following criteria: level of organizational changes (regional); place of innovations’ implementation (educational establishment); place of innovations’ realization (content, forms, methods). Realization of the youth’s educational policy is possible on the base of all educational system’s links involvement in process of strengthening and improvement of every citizen’s health. Increase of youth’s motor functioning will permit to significantly shorten expenditures for health protection system. Conclusions: the ways of health related physical culture work with students’ organization are the following: students’ trainings in sports circles, in youth clubs and additional education establishments of physical culture-sports and health related orientation; organization of creative associations on the base of HEEs; promotion of circles of non-Olympic kinds of sports.
GINÁSTICA GERAL PODE MELHORAR A MARCHA E A CAPACIDADE CARDIOVASCULAR DE IDOSOS
Authors: Silva Roginaldo Alves da , Lunardello Luis Fernando Aguiar , Oliveira Glauber Lameira de , Olivera Talita Adão Perini de , Valentim-Silva João Rafael
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Introdução: É bem descrito na literatura que o exercício físico de diferentes naturezas tem vários benefícios para a saúde de diferentes populações, no entanto, os programas de ginástica geral vêm recebendo pouca atenção quanto aos possíveis benefícios para a saúde de seus praticantes, especialmente para medidas de desempenho físico e para a capacidade de marcha. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um treinamento de ginástica geral sobre o VO2máx e a qualidade da marcha de idosos. Métodos: Selecionou-se um grupo de cento e vinte sujeitos com média de idade de 64,81 ± 2,71 anos, massa corporal de 66,97 ± 4,81 kg e estatura de 164,6 ± 4,81 cm de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se o teste de 15 minutos de Balke para determinar o VO2máx e o Dynamic Gait Index para verificar a qualidade da marcha. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado por meio do teste de Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas com significância de 5%. Resultados: Em todos os tratamentos houve diferença de VO2máx e os resultados do Dynamic Gait Index sugerem melhora na qualidade da marcha. Conclusão: Parece que o treinamento de ginástica geral proposto no presente estudo foi eficaz em melhorar o VO2máx e a qualidade de marcha do grupo selecionado.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE ESCOLARES COM UM QUESTIONÁRIO VIA INTERNET
Authors: Jesus Gilmar Mercês de , Assis Maria Alice Altenburg de , Kupek Emil , Dias Lizziane Andrade
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física é um comportamento que se estabelece na infância, tende a se manter na vida adulta e influencia a regulação do balanço energético, do peso e da adiposidade corporal, prevenindo a obesidade. Por isso, criar e validar métodos de avaliação e monitoramento da atividade física de crianças e adolescentes no nível populacional é necessário para formular políticas públicas. Objetivo: Avaliar validade e reprodutibilidade de comportamentos sedentários e atividades físicas autorrelatadas no questionário Consumo Alimentar e Atividade Física de Escolares (Web-CAAFE), um instrumento computacional baseado na internet. Métodos: Escolares do 2º ao 5º ano (n = 390) foram observados durante o horário do recreio e preencheram o questionário no dia seguinte. Uma subamostra (n = 94) preencheu o Web-CAAFE duas vezes com três horas de intervalo. O custo energético, como equivalentes metabólicos (MET), foi calculado para cada atividade física e somado ao nível do indivíduo. O MET individual de atividades físicas e o total de comportamentos sedentários autorrelatados foram os principais desfechos analisados separadamente, utilizando regressão de Poisson e regressão de Poisson hierárquica (aluno no primeiro nível e a repetição dos métodos no segundo nível). Os resultados foram apresentados como razões de incidências (RI). Os resíduos foram analisados graficamente por sexo e idade. Resultados: O Web-CAAFE superestimou o total de comportamentos sedentários (RI = 2,90, IC 95%: 2,05-4,10), principalmente entre as garotas mais jovens (7-10 anos), enquanto as mais velhas (11-15 anos) tenderam à subestimação. A superestimação nos MET de atividades físicas foi menor e não estatisticamente significante. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante no total de comportamentos sedentários ou MET de atividades físicas entre o primeiro e o segundo autorrelato. Conclusão: O Web-CAAFE mostrou boa confiabilidade e maior precisão quando aplicado à avaliação de MET de atividades físicas dos estudantes mais velhos.
Factors associated to clinical learning in nursing students in primary health care: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Serrano-Gallardo Pilar , Martínez-Marcos Mercedes , Espejo-Matorrales Flora , Arakawa Tiemi , Magnabosco Gabriela Tavares , Pinto Ione Carvalho
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the students' perception about the quality of clinical placements and asses the influence of the different tutoring processes in clinical learning. Methods: analytical cross-sectional study on second and third year nursing students (n=122) about clinical learning in primary health care. The Clinical Placement Evaluation Tool and a synthetic index of attitudes and skills were computed to give scores to the clinical learning (scale 0-10). Univariate, bivariate and multivariate (multiple linear regression) analyses were performed. Results: the response rate was 91.8%. The most commonly identified tutoring process was "preceptor-professor" (45.2%). The clinical placement was assessed as "optimal" by 55.1%, relationship with team-preceptor was considered good by 80.4% of the cases and the average grade for clinical learning was 7.89. The multiple linear regression model with more explanatory capacity included the variables "Academic year" (beta coefficient = 1.042 for third-year students), "Primary Health Care Area (PHC)" (beta coefficient = 0.308 for Area B) and "Clinical placement perception" (beta coefficient = - 0.204 for a suboptimal perception). Conclusions: timeframe within the academic program, location and clinical placement perception were associated with students' clinical learning. Students' perceptions of setting quality were positive and a good team-preceptor relationship is a matter of relevance.
Existe diferença na mobilização precoce entre os pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos ventilados mecanicamente em UTI?
Authors: Matos Carla Alessandra de , Meneses Jessica Barbosa de , Bucoski Suzane Chaves Machado , Mora Cintia Teixeira Rossato , Fréz Andersom Ricardo , Daniel Christiane Riedi
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento das práticas relacionadas à mobilização dos pacientes internados em uma UTI geral, comparando-os por tipo de intervenção (clínica ou cirúrgica). Trata-se de análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu (PR), dos quais foram retiradas as seguintes informações: tempo decorrido para sentar fora do leito pela primeira vez, realização de exercícios ativos, desmame da ventilação mecânica, internação em UTI, diagnóstico, gênero e idade. Foram incluídos na pesquisa 105 participantes, sendo 44 (41,9%) pacientes cirúrgicos, 61 (58,1%) do gênero masculino, com média de 61,1 anos (±18,5) para pacientes clínicos e 60,4 (±14,9) para cirúrgicos. Foi observada diferença estatística em relação ao tempo decorrido para sentar fora do leito, transcorrendo 3 ± 4 dias para os clínicos e 3,1 ± 4,5 para os cirúrgicos (p = 0,02). Não foram observadas diferenças entre pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos na realização dos exercícios ativos.
Prospective Study on the Intraoperative Blood Loss in Patients with Cleft Palate Undergoing Furlow's Double Opposing Z-Palatoplasty
Authors: Kim Byung Jun , Choi Tae Hyun , Kim Sukwha
Published: September 2016

Background:

Blood loss during cleft palate surgery has been investigated in previous research, but there is no report regarding blood loss when performing Furlow's double opposing Z-plasty (DOZ). In the present study, we evaluated intraoperative blood loss in patients with cleft palate who underwent the DOZ procedure.

Materials and Methods:

Intraoperative blood loss was prospectively investigated in 59 patients undergoing palatoplasty with DOZ by a single surgeon between August 2012 and July 2013. Demographic factors and clinical status, including cleft type and palatal gap, were recorded. Blood loss was evaluated by measuring the change in weight of a suction bottle, suction line, and gauze balls.

Results:

Mean blood loss was 16.61 ± 10.33 mL, which accounted for 5% of total blood volume. Male sex, older age, severe cleft type, larger palatal gap, relaxed incision, and increased operative time contributed to greater blood loss. The amount of intraoperative bleeding could be predicted by the following equation: Blood loss = -5.64 + 6.18 (male patients) + 7.58 (severe type cleft) + 0.88 X age (months) + 0.84 X palatal gap (mm).

Conclusions:

We found that the DOZ technique causes mild blood loss, but bleeding amount tended to increase in older male patients with a severe cleft and a larger palatal gap. The use of relaxed incisions during palatoplasty and prolonged operation times also contributed to greater blood loss.
Swedish grouting design: hydraulic testing and grout selection
Authors: Fransson Åsa , Funehag Johan , Thörn Johan
Published: September 2016

To ensure successful sealing of rock and soil, an adequate description of the system to be grouted is required as a basis for the grouting design and the selection of the grouting material. In rock, the individual fractures and the hydraulic apertures of these fractures form the basis of the Swedish grouting design concept. The hydraulic aperture is a key parameter when describing grouting behaviour and it is used to determine the extent to which the grout can enter fractures – that is, the penetrability. The hydraulic aperture also determines the penetration length, and therefore the grout parameters (e.g. yield stress and viscosity) as well as the grouting pressure and time needed to be adopted to the hydraulic aperture. Once these parameters are chosen, a suitable grouting technique can be adopted. Simple, practical rock and grout tests are important inputs to ensure correct design and performance. The aim of this paper is to present a testing procedure and provide examples from laboratory and field experience to demonstrate that the approach also works in practice.
More than a House of Cards: Developing a Firm Foundation for Streaming Media and Consumer-Licensed Content in the Library
Authors: Cross William
Published: September 2016

This article will introduce traditional library practice for licensing multimedia content and discuss the way that consumer-licensing and streaming services disrupt that practice. Sections II and III describe the statutory copyright regime designed by Congress to facilitate the socially-valuable work done by libraries and the impact of the move from ownership to licensed content. Collecting multimedia materials has always presented special legal challenges for libraries, particularly as licensed content has replaced the traditional practice of purchasing and circulation based on the first sale doctrine. These issues have grown even more complex as streaming services like Netflix and Amazon and video game downloads through services like Steam have come to dominate the landscape. Section IV will describe the way that consumer-licensed materials, which not only remove the ownership that undergirds library practice, but also the ability to negotiate for library use, imperil the congressionally-designed balance. Section V will present a path forward for libraries to develop robust, cutting-edge collections that reflect a sophisticated understanding of the contractual and copyright issues at play.
Managing an Open Access Fund: Tips from the Trenches and Questions for the Future
Authors: Zuniga Heidi , Hoffecker Lilian
Published: September 2016

The authors describe the process and results of an ongoing Open Access Fund program at the Health Sciences Library of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.  The fund has helped students and other early career researchers pay for the article processing charge or APC to publish their articles in an OA journal since 2013.  In the three years since, the fund has paid the APC for 39 applicants with a total expenditure of $37,576.  Most applicants were students as intended, however the fund supported a surprisingly large number of medical residents and junior faculty.  Individuals associated with the School of Medicine overwhelmingly represented the awardees compared to other units, and the Public Library of Science (PLoS) journals were the most common journal they published in.  While acknowledging the undeniable benefit of the fund to the awardees, the authors also pose challenging questions about the future role of libraries in subsidizing open access journals.
A HIPERINSUFLAÇÃO PULMONAR INDUZIDA PELO VENTILADOR MECÂNICO EM PACIENTE INTUBADOS COMO TERAPIA DE HIGIÊNE BRÔNQUICA
Authors: Chaves Marconi José , Ramalho Pedreira Maria José , Felix José Edmilton , Alcino Filho Carlos , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: September 2016

Introdução: A fisioterapia respiratória na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) visa promover independência respiratória funcional, prevenir complicações e acelerar a recuperação. O objetivo foi verificar o efeito da hiperinsuflacao pulmonar utilizando o ventilador mecânico, na mecânica do sistema respiratório e hemodinâmica. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo envolve um ensaio clínico aberto ondeforam incluídos 18 pacientes em ventilação mecânica. Foram avaliados os parâmetros da mecânica pulmonar, hemodinâmica, saturação de oxigênio, volume corrente inspirado e o pico de fluxo expiratório. Resultados: Não foram evidenciadas alterações nos parâmetros da mecânica do sistema respiratório e hemodinâmica, porém os valores de pico de fluxo expiratório e o volume corrente inspirado aumentaram significativamente durante a técnica (P<0,05). Conclusões: A hiperinsuflação pulmonar com o ventilador mecânico parece ser segura, pois não promoveu impacto clínico em variáveis hemodinâmicas e pode ser utilizada como coadjuvante na terapia de higiene brônquica devido ao seu potencial em aumentar o pico de fluxo expiratório.
ESTUDO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE LESÕES NAS MÃOS DE GOLEIROS DO SEXO MASCULINO E FEMININO E O IMPACTO NO DESEMPENHO DA FORÇA DE PREENSÃO MANUAL E SENSIBILIDADE CUTÂNEA.
Authors: Vianna Denise Loureiro , Ciochetti Enrico Ibanhes , Gomes Aline Lopes , Fernandes Susi Souza
Published: September 2016

As mãos podem sofrer lesões nas diversas modalidades esportivas, em especial os goleiros de futebol. A presença de traumas nas mãos podem comprometer o sistema musculoesquelético e consequentemente a funcionalidade. Objetivo: Investigar a ocorrência de lesões nas mãos de goleiros de futebol de salão de ambos os sexos, a correlação com o tempo de atuação e o desempenho da força de preensão manual e sensibilidade cutânea. Metodologia: Participaram da pesquisa 48 sujeitos, 24 goleiros e 24 sujeitos do grupo controle de ambos os sexos. A coleta de dados utilizou um questionário semiestruturado.Foi avaliada a sensibilidade cutânea com uso dos monofilamentos e a força de preensão manual. Resultados: As principais lesões relatadas pelos grupos foram a luxação e a fratura nos dedos, não houve diferença no número de lesões relatadas entre os gêneros (p=0,798). O tempo médio de atuação na modalidade foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres 16 (+/-6,7) anos, contra 5,0(+/-2,5) anos para os homens (p<0,001). O grupo feminino apresentou forte correlação entre o número de episódios de lesões e o tempo de atuação (r=0,7467). Nenhum dos sujeitos apresentou alteração nos exames de sensibilidade ou força comparados com o controle (p=0,876). Houve diferença significativa nos valores da força de preensão apenas entre os gêneros. Conclusão: Apesar de sofrerem lesões significativa nas mãos estas não promovem alterações na sensibilidade e força de preensão. Entre as mulheres quanto mais tempo na modalidade maior o número das lesões.
COMPORTAMENTO DAS VARIÁVEIS CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIAS DURANTE USO DO CICLOERGÔMETRO ATIVO NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Dantas Júlio César Nascimento , Neves Janmille De Sá , De Andrade Pedro Henrique Cerqueira , Martinez Bruno Prata , Dos Anjos Jorge Luis Motta
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias durante o uso do cicloergômetro em membros superiores e inferiores em pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo onde os dados foram extraídos dos prontuários e ficha de coleta, em momentos diferentes e comparados entre si. As alterações fisiológicas agudas durante o uso do cicloergômetro foram coletadas durante a intervenção(5,15 e 30 minutos de atividade) e após. As variáveis avaliadas foram pressão arterial sistólica(PAS), diastólica(PAD) e média(PAM), frequência cardíaca(FC), duplo-produto(DP), saturação periférica de oxigênio(SpO2), frequência respiratória(FR) e Borg. Essas mensurações foram realizadas conforme o tempo de tolerância do paciente a técnica. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 29 pacientes, sendo que na análise comparativa entre as alterações no cicloergômetro realizado com MMII e MMSS, não foi observado diferença estatística entre as duas formas(8,5±4,9 vs 11,5±9,2 minutos; valor de p>0,05), bem como não teve diferença entre o tempo de tolerância entre a técnica realizada com MMII e MMSS (8,5±4,9 vs 11,5±9,2 minutos; valor de p: 0,281). A maioria dos pacientes tiveram como critério de interrupção a alteração do Borg (91,2%), sendo que quase sempre associada a alteração de outras variáveis cardiorrespiratórias. Conclusão: O uso do cicloergômetro ativo para MMSS e MMII não apresentou diferença nas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias durante o uso em pacientes internados na UTI. Entretanto, o seu tempo de aplicação foi variável de acordo as respostas fisiológicas consideradas dentro dos valores de segurança.
CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DO CORTE DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS
Authors: Beck Filho Jorge Augusto , Amorim Andréa Monteiro , Fraga-Maia Helena
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Estimou-se a prevalência e os fatores associados ao consumo de álcool entre os trabalhadores do corte da cana-de-açúcar por meio de um estudo de corte transversal com canavieiros do município de Amélia Rodrigues, Bahia. Material e Métodos: Dados primários foram coletados com aplicação de formulários. Para identificar uso abusivo de álcool, foi utilizado o Test – AUDIT. A magnitude da associação entre as variáveis estudadas e o uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas foi estimada pela razão de chances (odds ratio, OR), adotando-se o intervalo de confiança a 95% como medida de precisão. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises multivariadas utilizando-se a regressão logística. Resultados: Dos 180 indivíduos selecionados 50,0% apresentaram AUDIT ≥ 8, caracterizando consumo abusivo de álcool. Este se mostrou associado com sentimento de tristeza ao final da jornada de trabalho, insatisfação com o trabalho e com baixa qualidade de vida, mesmo após ajuste por variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e relativas a acidentes. Conclusão: A prevalência de consumo abusivo de álcool entre os canavieiros é elevada e os principais fatores associados ao consumo sãoa insatisfação com o trabalho, o sentimento de tristeza ao final da jornada de trabalho e a baixa qualidade de vida.
Contexts of the Network Communication’s Origin
Authors: Horodenko Lesya
Published: September 2016

The article represents a research of the scientific and theoretical backgrounds of the “network communication” phenomenon, and identifies the contextual relations of network communication in various fields of science. This study examines how information and communication technologies – mobile phones, social networking websites, blogging, instant messaging, and etc. – impacted on formation of theoretical concepts of network communication. We believe that a limited set of technologies promoted a variety of traditional parameters of communication researches. Internet activity and social networks encouraged the personalization of mass communication. We substantiate that the emphasis on the new media in the process of network personalization constitutes the basic context of genesis of network communication. The networks with persistent and pervasive nature of new technologies are more diversified than they have ever been before.
After the Gold Rush: Questioning the “Gold Standard” and Reappraising the Status of Experiment and Randomized Controlled Trials in Education
Authors: Thomas Gary
Published: September 2016

The past few years have seen a resurgence of faith in experimentation in education inquiry, and particularly in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Proponents of such research have succeeded in bringing into common parlance the term gold standard, which suggests that research emerging from any other design frame fails to achieve the rigor or significance of RCT-based research in answering causal questions and cannot reliably tell us “what works.” In this article, Gary Thomas questions the reasoning behind this conclusion, resting his argument on the theory and practice of experimentation in education and on the limitations of RCTs in particular. He suggests that the arguments about the power of particular kinds of experiment reside in inappropriate ideas about generalization and induction and, indeed, what a scientific experiment needs to look like. Drawing from examples of systematic inquiry in education and other fields, Thomas argues for a restoration of respect for the heterogeneity of education inquiry.
Social Red Bull: Exploring Energy Relationships in a School District Leadership Team
Authors: Daly Alan J. , Liou Yi-Hwa , Brown Chris
Published: September 2016

In this article, Alan J. Daly, Yi-Hwa Liou, and Chris Brown explore the idea of positive affective arousal through “energy exchange relationships” within a district leadership team. Education leaders have long been expected to be not only effective leaders but also motivators who can move change efforts forward. Although there has been attention paid to the role of effective leaders, much less work has contributed to the affective relations among education leaders. “Energizers” in social systems have been associated with positive individual and organizational outcomes but are rarely studied in education. Drawing on theories of social networks and using multilevel network modeling, the authors find evidence to suggest that job satisfaction and innovative climate help explain the likelihood of sending and receiving energy relationship nominations. Further, leader efficacy and similarity in work level and gender help explain the likelihood of forming energy relationships.
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment versus Apical Plug in Immature Teeth: Three-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Asgary Saeed , Fazlyab Mahta , Nosrat Ali
Published: September 2016

This report compares and evaluates the treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment and apical plug as two accepted treatment protocols in a pair of necrotic immature maxillary central incisors of a 12-year old female. The patient was referred complaining of a dull pain and swelling in her upper lip area. She had a history of trauma to the anterior maxilla two years earlier. Both teeth were clinically diagnosed with pulp necrosis and periapical radiographs revealed that separate periapical radiolucent lesions surrounded the immature apices of both teeth. The left and right incisors were treated with apical plug and regenerative endodontic treatment, respectively, using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. The patient was followed-up for three years. During this period, both teeth were clinically asymptomatic and showed complete radiographic healing of the periapical lesions. The right central incisor showed root development. No tooth discoloration was evident. Apexification by apical plug placement and pulp regeneration are both reliable treatments for immature non-vital teeth. In order to choose the right treatment the advantages of either technique should be weighed against its drawbacks. CEM cement can be successfully applied for both purposes. This biomaterial causes less discoloration of the tooth.
Visual Schedule System in Dental Care for Patients with Autism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mah Janet WT , Tsang Phoebe
Published: September 2016

Objectives: A pilot study to test whether a visual schedule system using picture communication symbols can help children with autism have successful routine dental cleaning visits. Study Design: 14 boys with autism between three- to eight-years-old presented to the dental clinic for four weekly consecutive dental appointments. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group who received the tell-show-do method (i.e., standard of care), or the test group who received the tell-show-do method plus the visual schedule system. Results: Patients in the test group completed an average of 1.38 more steps, at 35.52 seconds per step faster, and with 18.7% lower levels of behavioral distress than those in the control group. Conclusion: The use of a visual schedule system, along with repeated weekly visits, showed some promise in helping children with autism successfully complete more steps, progress at a quicker rate, and exhibit lower levels of behavioral distress within a dental appointment, compared to a traditional tell-show-do approach.
Polar aircraft Polar5 and Polar6 operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute
Authors: Wesche Christine , Steinhage Daniel , Nixdorf Uwe
Published: September 2016

Due to the remoteness and difficulty to access the snow covered polar regions, ski-equipped aircraft are an indispensable tool for polar research. The Alfred Wegener Institute has a long tradition in airborne polar science – starting with the aircraft Polar1 and Polar2 in 1983. In 2007 the first Basler BT-67 (Polar5) and in 2011 the second Basler BT-67 (Polar6) were brought into service and replaced Polar2 and Polar4. They carry a variety of scientific equipment for investigation of the lithosphere, atmosphere and cryosphere and all their interactions. Beside being deployed for science missions, the aircraft are also part of the Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN), a logistical partnership to transport equipment and personnel to various stations in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica.
Lessons From LEADER – All-round Leadership
Authors: Kalra Sanjay ,   Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
Published: September 2016

The large multinational, randomised, double-blind LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results - A Long Term Evaluation) trial recently reported the cardiovascular (CV) benefits achieved with liraglutide therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This editorial analyses the primary and secondary CV outcomes (CVO) results of the LEADER trial, and discusses the impact these will have on clinical practice of diabetes in specific, and medicine in general. It delves into the evolution of clinical and biochemical outcomes used in diabetes, and discusses the role of liraglutide in shaping future outcomes. The editorial describes the potential role of liraglutide in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of CV disease (CVD), and suggests exaptation of this molecule for use in cardiology, nephrology and neurology.
Inclusión en las aulas de Educación Física. Estudio de casos
Authors: Santamaría Fernández Raúl , Ruiz Sanchis Laura , Puchalt José Manuel , Ros Ros Concepción , Martín Ruiz Julio
Published: September 2016

En poco tiempo hemos pasado del paradigma de la integración donde el alumnado con y sin discapacidad estudian con un currículum diferenciado, al paradigma de la inclusión donde los alumnos comparten el mismo currículum. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar como se lleva a cabo la inclusión en el área de Educación Física en el centro educativoa través de la metodología de estudio de casos centrado en 2 alumnos del centro Juan Comenius con Parálisis Cerebral (PC). El instrumento de investigación ha sido la entrevista semiestructurada. Han sido entrevistadas 7 personas que forman parte del proceso inclusivo; 2 profesores de educación física, la directora, el jefe de estudios de primaria, los padres de los alumnos con discapacidad y los 2 alumnos con PC. Los resultados muestran que la dirección y los docentes apuestan por la inclusión de losAlumnos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales(ACNEE) derivadas de discapacidad en las aulas utilizando adaptaciones curriculares, informes psicopedagógicos y una sensibilización del alumnado. Sin embargo, no existe una oferta de formación para que los docentes amplíen su conocimiento sobre los ACNEE, los padres no mantienen contacto directo con los profesores de Educación Física y desconocen lo que realizan sus hijos/as en estas clases.
Crónica y actitud de un constitucionalista. La tesis de Adolfo Posada sobre la titularidad de la soberanía
Authors: Morán Martín Remedios
Published: September 2016

Las observaciones recogidas en estas páginas pretenden señalar cual fue la preocupación principal que puede deducirse de los escritos de Adolfo Posada acerca de la forma política que la historia constitucional había impuesto a la España de su tiempo. Intentaré también mostrar como, pese a su evidente fracaso real, el peso de su lógica interna fue tal, que los constitucionalistas de 1978 optaron por sortear su tesis, casi al modo en que se «ocultan» algunos de los intérpretes del Derecho musulmán.
Investigating the Effects of Systemically Administered Strontium Ranelate on Alveolar Bone Loss Histomorphometrically and Histopathologically on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Karakan Nebi Cansın , Akpınar Aysun , Göze Fahrettin , Poyraz Ömer
Published: September 2016

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate effects of strontium ranelate (SR) on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats with experimental periodontitis.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) control (n = 8); 2) ligated (n = 8); 3) 300 mg/kg SR (SR300, n = 8); 4) 625 mg/kg SR (SR625, n = 8); and 5) 900 mg/kg SR (SR900, n = 8). To create experimental periodontitis, 4/0 silk ligatures were inserted submarginally around first molars at the right mandible. After 11 days, rats were sacrificed. ABL was calculated by measuring cemento‐enamel junction and alveolar crest distance. Interleukin (IL)‐1β, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathologic analysis was used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) activity.

Results: ABL was significantly lower in SR900 group than in the ligated group (P <0.05). Osteoclast numbers in ligated group were significantly higher than in the control, SR300, and SR900 groups (P <0.05). In ligated, SR625, and SR900 groups, significantly higher osteoblast numbers were detected than in control group (P <0.05). Osteoblast numbers in SR625 group were significantly higher than in the SR300 group (P <0.05). RANKL activities in SR900 and control groups were close to each other (P >0.05). Serum IL‐1β, OPG, and BALP levels revealed no significant difference (P >0.05).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that SR can reduce RANKL activity and osteoclast numbers, as well as ABL.
Ciclosporina A al 1 % en el tratamiento del síndrome de ojo seco moderado y severo
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Martha Fabiola , Mendivelso Alejandra , Medina Carlos
Published: September 2016

Cyclosporine-A is an immunomodulator for topical use in the treatment of dry eye its use has anti-inflammatory therapeutic action and few adverse effects. Objective To determine significant changes in symptomatology, quantity and quality of tear film, and ocular surface status after three months of treatment with cyclosporine-A 1% in patients with moderate to severe dry eye. Materials and methods: A controlled, blind, randomized intervention study was developed with 34 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe dry eye cyclosporine-A 1% was administered in a randomized manner to 18 patients (magistral formula) and carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% to 16 patients. The following pretreatment and post-treatment tests were performed: OSDI questionnaire, Schirmer II test, Tear Break-Up Test (TBUT), lissamine green staining, and conjunctival impression cytology. Results: After treatment with cyclosporine-A 1% statistical differences (p < 0.05) were found in symptomatology, the Schirmer test, lissamine green staining, and impression cytology. In the group treated with carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, significant differences (p < 0.05) after treatment were only evidenced in symptomatology and conjunctival impression cytology. Conclusions: Cyclosporine-A 1% treatment reduces clinical signs and symptoms in patients with moderate to severe dry eye.
Relación entre la ambliopía y el proceso de lectura
Authors: Bermúdez Martha Luz , Camacho Marcela , Figueroa Olarte Luisa Fernanda , Medrano M Sandra Milena , León A Alejandro
Published: September 2016

La ambliopía es la causa más común de pérdida visual en niños y adultos jóvenes; esta condición limita la capacidad para realizar actividades de aprendizaje y desarrollo. La prescripción óptica de las ametropías y un oportuno diagnóstico la previenen y proporcionan las condiciones visuales requeridas para un adecuado desempeño escolar. Objetivo: revisar la relación de la ambliopía refractiva y estrábica y las condiciones visomotoras y visoperceptuales en el proceso de lectura. Se presentan las condiciones y alteraciones visomotoras en la ambliopía y su relación con la lectura. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos e información disponible en textos hasta el 2015, en inglés y español, con palabras de búsqueda como ambliopía, lectura, aprendizaje, condiciones visomotoras, condiciones visoperceptuales. Conclusiones: las ambliopías refractiva y estrábica afectan el desarrollo de las habilidades visomotoras y visoperceptuales, como la fijación, los movimientos oculomotores, el seguimiento y las sacadas, la acomodación, la sensibilidad al contraste y, en algunos casos, las vergencias, todos estos indispensables en el proceso de lectura.