bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of farmers knowledge and perception towards the usage of sugarcane trash and environmental safety
Authors: POWAR RANJIT VASANT , Patil S. B. , POWAR T. R. , Bandgar P. S.
Published: December 2021

Purpose In Maharashtra's Kolhapur district, open field burning of sugarcane trash (ST) is a major concern. This pollutes the environment, loses energy, and has a detrimental effect on biodiversity. As a result, a study was conducted to learn more about the underlying cause of sugarcane trash burning. MethodsThe face-to-face interview of 186 sugarcane growers were carried in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra (India). The impact of age and education on behavior of farmers towards the usage of sugarcane trash were analyzed with help of M.S Excel, and Past-3 software and Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) model. ResultsThe age and education has non-significant effect on burning of sugarcane trash even though at 10% level of significance. The 61.12 % farmers burn the sugarcane trash in the field, whereas 38.70 % used for other purposes. The farmers (95.69 %) are very well know that burning of sugarcane trash has a detrimental effect on the environment. The 80 % farmers reported fear of rats, snakes and scorpion to use sugarcane trash as mulch in field as well as 42 % farmers reported burning of sugarcane trash in field has benefits. Conclusions The study revealed that farmers have knowledge and understanding on how to use sugarcane trash for benefits but due to utilization barriers they burned the sugarcane trash in the field. There is need a robust policy as well as extension activity to address this issue.
Thermodynamic Parameters of Nonisothermal Degradation of A New Family of Organometallic Dendrimer with Isoconversional Methods
Authors: Joraid Ahmad Ali , Okasha Rawda Mohammad , Al-Maghrabi Mahdi A. , Afifi Tarek H. , Agatemor Christian , Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S.
Published: December 2021

The objective of this work is to obtain the thermodynamic parameters, namely, the changes of enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and the entropy of two degradation steps observed in three of a new family of organometallic dendrimers. The isoconversional Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) model was employed to calculate the effective activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The changes of enthalpy and the entropy was consistent with the activation energy, whereas the change of Gibbs free energy remains positive during the entire degradation process, implying that the degradation is non-spontaneous and thus requires external heat supply.
Robust Walking Control of a Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Coupled with a Musculoskeletal Model via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Luo Shuzhen , Androwis Ghaith , Adamovich Sergei , Nunez Erick , Su Hao , Zhou Xianlian
Published: December 2021

Background: Few studies have systematically investigated robust controllers for lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons (LLREs) that can safely and effectively assist users with a variety of neuromuscular disorders to walk with full autonomy. One of the key challenges for developing such a robust controller is to handle different degrees of uncertain human-exoskeleton interaction forces from the patients. Consequently, conventional walking controllers either are patient-condition specific or involve tuning of many control parameters, which could behave unreliably and even fail to maintain balance. Methods: We present a novel and robust controller for a LLRE based on a decoupled deep reinforcement learning framework with three independent networks, which aims to provide reliable walking assistance against various and uncertain human-exoskeleton interaction forces. The exoskeleton controller is driven by a neural network control policy that acts on a stream of the LLRE’s proprioceptive signals, including joint kinematic states, and subsequently predicts real-time position control targets for the actuated joints. To handle uncertain human-interaction forces, the control policy is trained intentionally with an integrated human musculoskeletal model and realistic human-exoskeleton interaction forces. Two other neural networks are connected with the control policy network to predict the interaction forces and muscle coordination. To further increase the robustness of the control policy, we employ domain randomization during training that includes not only randomization of exoskeleton dynamics properties but, more importantly, randomization of human muscle strength to simulate the variability of the patient’s disability. Through this decoupled deep reinforcement learning framework, the trained controller of LLREs is able to provide reliable walking assistance to the human with different degrees of neuromuscular disorders. Results and Conclusion: A universal, RL-based walking controller is trained and virtually tested on a LLRE system to verify its effectiveness and robustness in assisting users with different disabilities such as passive muscles (quadriplegic), muscle weakness, or hemiplegic conditions. An ablation study demonstrates strong robustness of the control policy under large exoskeleton dynamic property ranges and various human-exoskeleton interaction forces. The decoupled network structure allows us to isolate the LLRE control policy network for testing and sim-to-real transfer since it uses only proprioception information of the LLRE (joint sensory state) as the input. Furthermore, the controller is shown to be able to handle different patient conditions without the need for patient-specific control parameters tuning.
WITHDRAWN: Determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births in southern Ethiopia: a matched case-control study
Authors: Woltamo Deginesh Dawit , Koyra Mengistu Meskele , Bitew Shimelash , Badacho Abebe Sorsa
Published: December 2021

Background
The magnitude of fetal macrosomia is high and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, especially among women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Despite the observed burden, there is limited evidence on determinants of fetal macrosomia. This study aimed to identify determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births at Wolaita Sodo town Southern Ethiopia.
Methods
A facility-based matched case-control study design involved 360 singletons deliveries attended at hospitals in Wolaita Sodo town, southern Ethiopia, with 120 cases and 240 controls included. Cases and control were matched by maternal age. Cases were neonates with a birth weight of ≥4000, while controls were neonates with a birthweight between 2500gm and less than 4000gm. Data were collected by interviews, measuring, and reviewing mothers' medical documents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was carried to identify the independent predictor variables. Statistical significance was set using a p-value<0.05 and 95% CI for AOR.
Results
Male neonates were four times more likely to be macrosomia than female neonates AOR=4.0 [95%CI; 2.25-7.11, p<0.001]. Neonates born at gestational age ≥40 weeks were 4.33 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 4.33 [95%CI; 2.37-7.91, p<0.001]. Neonates born from physically active mothers were 7.76 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 7.76 [95CI; 3.33-18.08, p<0.001]. Neonates born from mothers who consumed fruits and dairy products in their diet frequently were 2 and 4.9 times more likely to be macrosomia AOR=2.03 [95%CI; 1.11-3.69, p=0.021] and AOR= 4.91[95%CI; 2.36-10.23, p<0.001] respectively.
Conclusion
Mothers' physical exercise and consumption of fruit and dairy products were significant predictor variables for fetal macrosomia. Hence, health care providers may use these factors as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of fetal macrosomia and its complications.
Timeliness of splenic time-to-peak affects liver tumor CT perfusion measurements
Authors: Hatwar Rajeev , Mirpour Sahar , Attaluri Anilchandra , Stayman J. Webster , Ivkov Robert , Liapi Eleni
Published: December 2021

Aim

In liver CT perfusion, the dual-input maximum slope (DI-MS) method is commonly used to estimate perfusion to aid diagnosis of tumors. The DI-MS method relies on a model that assumes the splenic time-to-peak (TTP) separates arterial and portal venous perfusion, and occurs prior to venous perfusion. In this preclinical study, we examined how the timeliness of splenic TTP affects DI-MS perfusion calculations of liver tumors.
Materials and Methods

We analyzed imaging data obtained from 11 New Zealand White rabbits bearing a single implanted VX2 tumor in liver. A liver 320-slice CT perfusion protocol (5,400 images per study) was used to generate images. Times for arterial and portal slopes were recorded, and hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP), portal perfusion (HPP) and perfusion index (HPI) for liver and tumor were separately calculated using manual and automated methods. T-test comparisons and Bland-Altman plot analyses were performed.
Results

Mean tumor TTP occurred at 9.79 s (SD=3.41) and splenic TTP at 9.75 s (SD=4.47, p=0.98). In 3/11 (27.27%) cases, tumor SP occurred prior to spleen (mean difference=1.33 s, SD=1.15 s). In these cases, mean automated HPP values were 43.8% (SD=52.48) higher compared to manually computed ones. There were statistically significant differences between automated and manual methods for normal liver and tumor HPI and HPP (p<0.01 and p<0.0001, respectively), but not HAP values (p=0.125 and p=0.78, respectively). There was also a statistically significant variation between methods for tumor HPP and HPI (p=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion

In 320-slice CT perfusion of liver in this preclinical model, we observed that tumor TTP occurred prior to splenic TTP in 27.27% of tumors in liver. This temporal relationship affects tumor perfusion calculations and should be identified to address potential deviations of model assumptions.
Cardiac Tamponade as First Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma: a Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: LOUKHNATI Mehdi , KHALIL Khaoula , LAHLIMI Fatim Ezzahra , TAZI Illias
Published: December 2021

Background: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells, mainly in bone marrow. Extramedullary disease is reported in many cases and may occur at diagnosis, at progression, or during relapse phase. Pericardial involvement is a rare condition that usually occurs with advanced-stage disease. We report a rare case of plasma cell-based pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade as a form of presentation of multiple myeloma.Case presentation: A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath, on segmental examination, she had dyspnea, engorged jugulars, muffled heart sounds and lower limb edema. A Chest X-ray demonstrated cardiomegaly with a mild left pleural effusion, laboratory data showed immunoglobulin G lambda, diagnosis of plasma cell-based pericardial effusion was established by pericardial fluid cytology. The patient received systemic chemotherapy, according to Melphalan-Prednisone and thalidomid protocol. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma with cardiac effusion should be considered for differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent and unexplained pericardial effusions.
A Curious “Appendicitis”, Magnetic Foreign Bodies Ingestion In a Five Year Old Girl With Ileal Perforation. Case Report and Review of Literature.
Authors: Ghallab Alaa , Wilkson Alexander , Daniel Rajio
Published: December 2021

BackgroundForeign body ingestion is common in children. Ingestion of multiple magnetic foreign bodies poses a significant risk of complications as they are unlikely to pass spontaneously. Case presentationWe present our interesting case of a 5 Year old girl, complaining of right iliac fossa pain not relieved with paracetamol, associated with 2 episodes of vomiting and one episode of loose bowel motion. Abdominal examination revealed tender right iliac fossa with weak rebound and mild guarding with no rigidity. WBC was 16.9, with 12.68 neutrophils, with normal urea, creatinine, amylase, CRP and liver function tests. Patient was admitted for suspected appendicitis versus gastroenteritis. Abdominal ultrasound showed free fluid in the pelvis, appendix was not seen and there was a mass in the right iliac fossa. The patient was started on intravenous co-amoxiclav and diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a normal appendix with free fluid in pelvis. The omentum was stuck to terminal ileum with two necrotic patches and a perforation in the terminal ileum with magnetic foreign bodies protruding from the perforation site.There was no peritoneal contamination. Laparotomy was performed via right lower transverse incision with resection & anastomosis of necrotic perforated bowel segment and removal of three magnetic foreign bodies from the terminal ileum. Patient had smooth postoperative recovery. ConclusionThe Ingestion of multiple magnets, or a magnet with a metallic object should be considered an impending surgical emergency as it is unlikely to pass spontaneously and complications are more likely. There are no reports where more than one magnet was passed spontaneously. The possibility of foreign body ingestion should always be considered in a young child presenting with abdominal symptoms. Early intervention is indicated if the history, clinical findings and imaging are suggestive of multiple magnetic ingestion to prevent serious life threatening complications.
Relationship of Type D Personality to Adverse Health Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Parallel Mediating Effects of Diabetes Distress and Social Isolation
Authors: Lee Eun-Hyun , Lee Young Whee , Chae Duckhee , Kang Eun Hee , Kang Hyun-Jung
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship of Type D personality to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) directly, and also indirectly via diabetes distress and social isolation in people with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey was used. Data on 524 people with type 2 diabetes from outpatient clinics were obtained from June 2020 to February 2021. The hypotheses of this study were tested using the PROCESS macro with 10,000 bootstrapping iterations to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for indirect (mediating) effects.Results: Type D personality was present in 31.3% of the participants, and exerted a significant direct effect on HRQOL but not on HbA1c. Type D personality exerted a significant indirect effects on HbA1c via diabetes distress and social isolation (95% CI = 0.014 to 0.163 and 0.007 to 0.121, respectively), and on HRQOL via diabetes distress and social isolation (95% CI = -0.335 to -0.178 and -0.056 to -0.008, respectively). The indirect effects of Type D personality on HRQOL via diabetes distress had a greater magnitude than that via social isolation.Conclusion: It is necessary for health professionals to monitor people with type 2 diabetes to determine whether Type D personality is present. Those with Type D personality should be provided with interventions to reduce diabetes distress and alleviate social isolation in order to improve their glycemic control and HRQOL.
Methylation Profiling of Biosynthetic Genes Reveals The Role of D-Galacturonic Acid Reductase In Ascorbic Acid Accumulation In Tomato Fruit
Authors: Wang Yaru , Wang Ying , Li Fangman , Shang Lele , Tao Jinbao , Zhang Xingyu , Dong Haiqiang , Gai Wenxian , Zhang Yuyang , Ren Zongjun
Published: December 2021

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutrient component contributing to major flavor value of tomato fruit and human health. Although transcription regulation of AsA biosynthetic genes have been well demonstrated, epigenetic modification underlying AsA accumulation remains unclear. In this study, we exposed immature tomato fruits to a methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine) and detected the impacts on AsA accumulation. Inhibition of DNA methylation enhanced AsA accumulation in tomato leaves and fruits. We further isolated a AsA biosynthetic gene, SlGalUR5, which encodes a D-galacturonic acid reductase. SlGalUR5 showed reduced DNA methylation levels and higher transcription levels in Slmet1 mutant while have converse pattern in Sldml2 mutant. 5-azacytidine treatment significantly decreased DNA methylation levels of SlGalUR5 in fruits. Conversely, transcription profiles of SlGalUR5 and enzyme activity of GalUR were enhanced in 5-azacytidine–treated fruits. Our finding revealed a new insight into epigenome modiﬁcation of SlGalUR5 involved in ascorbic acid accumulation and provide a potential means of increasing AsA levels for tomato breeding.
Midazolam Increases The Risk of Delirium In Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity Score Analysis.
Authors: Shi He-Jie , Yuan Rui-Xia , Zhang Jun-Zhi , Chen Jia-Hui , Hu An-Min
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Midazolam is commonly administered in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of its limited effect on hemodynamics and stable calming and sleep-induction effects. Recent concerns about an increased risk of delirium associated with midazolam have resulted in decreased midazolam usage in the ICU. However, whether midazolam administration within 24 hours prior is related to the occurrence of delirium is still unknown.METHODS: We used real-world data from MIMIC III v1.4, MIMIC-IV v0.4 and eICU Collaborative Research to perform comparisons and assess the associated outcome effectiveness. We performed a systematic study with two cohorts to estimate the relative risks of outcomes among patients administered midazolam within 24 hours prior to delirium assessment. Propensity score matching was performed to generate a balanced 1:1 matched cohort and to identify potential prognostic factors. The outcomes included mortality, length of ICU stay, length of hospitalization, and odds of being discharged home.RESULTS: Propensity matching successfully balanced covariates for 9,348 patients (4,674 per group). There was no significant difference in hospitalization duration, (P = 0.03). However, compared to no administration of midazolam, midazolam administration was associated with a significantly higher risk for delirium (P<0.001). When compared with no midazolam administration, the use of midazolam, was associated with higher mortality and a longer ICU stay (P<0.001). Patients treated with midazolam were relatively less likely to be discharged home (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with no administration of midazolam, midazolam administration was associated with a difference in the incidence of delirium, mortality, ICU stay and likelihood of being discharged home but was not associated with hospitalization duration. These data suggest that midazolam may not be the preferred sedative drug for patients at risk for delirium.
Environmental and Biological Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides in the City of Salamanca, Mexico
Authors: Castro Israel , Rocha Diana Olivia , Ruiz Tania , Alegria Jorge Alejandro , Cruz Gustavo , Enciso Israel , Costilla Rogelio
Published: December 2021

The former Tekchem Industrial Unit located in the city of Salamanca, Mexico, constitutes an environmental liability in which the presence of high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been reported. In the present study, levels of OCPs were quantified using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry in 52 soil samples and in 88 blood samples from school-age children in the city of Salamanca. A median concentration of 70.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276) was obtained for total OCPs in soil, while for the total sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) the value was 49.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276). In children, the median level of the total sum of OCPs was 390 ng/g lipid (7.34 - 14895), and for the total sum of DDT was 175 ng/g lipid (<LOD - 14802). The OCPs that resulted in highest concentrations in soil were DDT and its metabolites, as well as aldrin and heptachlor epoxide; while in blood the highest levels corresponded to 4,4’-DDT and its metabolites, followed by heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The spatial distribution of the concentrations of OCPs in soil shows that the facilities of Teckchem may be a significant potential source for the dispersion of these compounds towards the metropolitan area of Salamanca. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the presence of OCPs in soil and in child population, providing important bases to study the problem from a broader perspective, while reiterating the importance of continuing efforts to generate resolute and precautionary measures with respect to the environmental liability of Tekchem.
Modeling in the OMNET ++ environment of connection processes in Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Заяц A.М. , Хабаров С.П.
Published: December 2021

Предложен подход к разработке в среде OMNeT++ INET простейшей имитационной модели инфраструктурного режима функционирования Wi-Fi сети, который позволяет проводить подробный анализ функционирования таких сетей, а также строить и анализировать временные диаграммы взаимодействия всех элементов сети. Разработанную модель можно использовать как базовую для формирования более сложных моделей с произвольным числом мобильных клиентов, позволяя определять необходимое количество точек доступа и мест их размещения для обеспечения полноценного покрытия зоны мониторинга лесной территории.

An approach to the development in the OMNeT ++ INET environment of the simplest simulation model of the infrastructure mode of Wi-Fi network operation is proposed, which allows a detailed analysis of the functioning of such networks, as well as to build and analyze the time diagram of the interaction of all network elements. The developed model can be used as a base for the formation of more complex models with an arbitrary number of mobile clients, allowing you to determine the required number of access points and their locations to ensure full coverage of the monitoring area of the forest area.
The Use of Different Technological Methods for Teaching Basic Suturing Skills to Medical Students: A Literature Review
Authors:   Oei Family Clinic, Elias Mall, Singapore, Cai Helen Xinyi , Yew Sarah ,   Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Yap Qi Rou ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Seah Sherry ,   Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Published: December 2021

Suturing skills are usually acquired by medical students through observation and then practice. There is a pressing need to develop more efficient teaching methods as students are often unprepared to perform suturing in clinical practice. This study therefore aims to investigate the benefits and limitations of different technological teaching methods and determine if technological methods are superior to conventional teaching. The search was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus with different combinations of the key terms “suturing”, “suture”, “knot-tying”, “suturing skill”, “surgical skill”, “teaching methods” and “medical students”. Overall, 19 relevant articles were shortlisted, discussing the use of virtual reality, augmented reality, videos and programmes in teaching suturing skills. The use of instructional videos is a good alternative to the traditional lab-based method while video self-reflection was found to be an effective enhancement. Integration of these methods could be a valuable addition to the current curriculum.
Knowledge Acquisition and Satisfaction of Virtual Microscopy Usage Among Medical Students of Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Simok Anna Alicia , Kasim Fazlina ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Abdul Manan@Sulong Husnaida ,   Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Noor Nor Farid ,   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Asari Mohd Asnizam ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

The virtual microscope has been employed as an adjunct tool to teach optical microscopy for histology learning in medical schools. However, there is no reliable evidence in the literature that virtual and optical microscopy impacts students’ learning. This study focuses on comparing two different methods in learning histology in Universiti Sains Malaysia, namely virtual microscopy and optical microscopy, with regard to medical students’ knowledge acquisition and satisfaction levels. A total number of 120 medical students, consisting of 53 first-year and 67 second-year students, were recruited. The students were divided into virtual microscopy and optical microscopy groups. During the one-day intervention, all students attended a pre-requisite lecture on “Histology of the Eye”, a slide demonstration and a hands-on session using a designated microscope. Students’ knowledge acquisition was evaluated through a pre- and post-practical evaluation and their satisfaction level on learning histology using respective learning tools was measured. The study revealed that the optical and virtual microscopy groups showed significant improvement from the pre- to post-practical tests scores with p < 0.001, respectively. However, the mean increment was higher in virtual microscopy (38.51%) than in optical microscopy (35.08%). Furthermore, the virtual microscopy group had a significantly higher satisfaction score towards the learning tool than the optical microscopy group, p = 0.008. The knowledge acquisition of the virtual microscopy group was equal to the optical microscopy group as they were shown to have a similar improvement in the test scores, comprehension level and learning ability. However, students were nonetheless satisfied with the usage of virtual microscopy as a learning tool.
Medical Students’ Mental Health Status and Coping Strategies in Their Quarantine Period During COVID-19 Pandemic in Universiti Putra Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Abas Razif , Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah ,   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Muhamad Saliluddin Suhainizam ,   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Basir Rusliza ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Ab Razak Nur Izah ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad Zainal Nurul Hayati ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Omar Noorkardiffa Syawalina ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Movement control order (MCO) was enforced by the Malaysian government on 18th March 2020 due to sudden increase in the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases. University students, including medical students, were among the group of the population which were significantly affected. This study was conducted among medical students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) to compare the mental health status and coping strategies, between gender and phase of the clinical study related to their quarantine status between 18th March 2020 to 9th June 2020. This was a cross-sectional study involving the undergraduate medical students in UPM in the academic year of 2019/2020 during the MCO. A stratified random sampling method was used; a total of 173 respondents which includes students of Year 1 to Year 5 participated. The study was conducted after five months since the first day of MCO, for one week period of data collection. The mental health status was assessed using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item (DASS-21) questionnaire. Four-point Likert scale was scored to determine the degree of severity. The coping strategies was assessed using Brief-COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) in which four-point Likert scale was used as well, and the total marks were grouped into four coping strategies. This study found higher scores of DASS-21 in the non-quarantined group and approach method was considered as a favourable coping strategy in both groups. In the quarantined group, female and clinical students showed higher scores of DASS-21. In the non-quarantined group, clinical students showed a significantly higher score of stress while male students significantly used their humour as coping strategies.
Restructuring Clinical Dental Specialty Examination: A Call for National Standard
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia, Ismail Ahmad Faisal ,   Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

This commentary encompassed present clinical dental specialty training and assessments in Malaysia. Specifically, no uniform examination and assessment are identified within the dental specialty training programmes provided by local dental schools. Candidates who underwent the same specialty programme might be trained and evaluated differently (depending on the institution). Despite the standard Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) guideline for dental specialty training programmes (initially published in 2019), the aforementioned standards were established as a national reference for present and future Malaysian dental specialty programmes with no indication of standardised national dental specialty programme assessments. As such, a national reference for dental specialty assessments under the guidance of dental and MQA authorities is urgently needed to ensure standard quality and competent graduates of the programmes.
Feto-mone Gender Paradigm in the Culture and Architecture of the Dawan Tribe Settlement in Kaenbaun Village
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, 55281 Yogyakarta, INDONESIA, Purbadi Yohanes Djarot , Lake Reginaldo Christophori ,   Architecture Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira, 85225 East Nusa Tenggara, INDONESIA, Sumardiyanto Bonifasius ,   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, 55281 Yogyakarta, INDONESIA, Taus Yohanes ,   Male Christian Junior High School, Jalan Yos Soedarso, Kefamenanu, 85611 East Nusa Tenggara, INDONESIA
Published: December 2021

This article aimed to show the existence of gender concepts in the culture and settlement of the Dawan tribe in Kaenbaun Village, as indicated with its strong presence in the everyday life of the community, including the formal and ritual aspects. The concept exists in the inner world and mindset of every villager and has also become the guiding element of their world view, behaviour, place arrangement, and living space structures. This study was, there, conducted using participatory observation based on the Husserlian phenomenology paradigm supported by the inductive-empirical and qualitative descriptive methods to discover and understand the gender concept as well as its application and background in the selected tribe. The results showed the fetomone gender concept has become a paradigm of the thought expressed broadly and consistently through words, behaviour, as well as place and spatial arrangements among the villagers. Its function and meaning were further clarified in relation to the life and settlement architecture of the people. The core principle observed to be behind the concept is the separation and integration of life elements in an intense and permanent mutualism symbiotic relationship. Therefore, it was necessary to research the concept, function, and meaning of gender in ethnic cultures throughout Indonesia in order to form a collection of knowledge on gender and spatial planning which is useful to the understanding of ethnic settlements’ uniqueness based on local or ethnic perspectives and their preservation.
Forming expert environment for accreditation of educational programs: A case of Ukraine
Authors: Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Knysh Olena , Oleksiv Ihor , Smyrna Lesia , Panchenko Oksana
Published: December 2021

The new system of educational programs’ accreditation and the establishment of the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA) as an independent regulator has led to the demand for professional experts who can evaluate the educational programs of universities at a qualitatively new level. The paper aims to analyze the formation of the expert environment in Ukraine by conducting numerous training in various formats, as well as to assess the relationship between training and the quality of accreditation visits. The correlation analysis was used to substantiate the conclusions. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the experience of training experts in the accreditation of study programs in Ukrainian higher education institutions, the results of a pro-active approach by the NAQA in 2019–2021 were presented. It is shown that the accreditation system has been working without red tape, the taint of corruption, using transparency mechanisms, and expert advice since the end of 2019. The accreditation format according to the ESG-2015 standards made it possible to form an expert environment in Ukraine in a short time and encourage changes in higher education. Despite many pieces of training and consultations, many experts and representatives of the Sectoral Expert Council (SEC), evaluating study programs, still provide criticism, prejudice, and not advice and assistance. To minimize such negative practices, NAQA regularly conducts online webinars, briefings for expert groups and heads of study programs, and rotates experts and members of the SEC.
Social Mapping for Human Resource Development Planning in Desa Losari Sumowono District, Semarang Regency
Authors: Hadi Imam Anas
Published: December 2021

This research aims to discover a social map in Losari Village, Sumowono District, Semarang Regency and to find out the use of social mapping for human resource development planning in Losari Village, Sumowono District Semarang Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research to describe the research object and uses observation, interviews, and documentation techniques to obtain data. The researcher used the Miles and Huberman technique regarding the data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The mapping results know social problems, including socio-cultural, economic, and infrastructure problems. Then it can uncover the natural and human potential in Losari village, the potential of human resources in the form of farmers, and improve education in Losari Village. No less important are actors who play a role in social relations. Mapping benefits can be obtained first, the actual area of a village, the geographical location of the village and the boundaries of the area, and the village's history. Both the conditions and characteristics of the community, the potential and problems that exist in the village emerged. The third is social mapping to develop or create programs according to the potential and problems that exist in the region.
Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Sürdürülebilirlik Problemleri
Authors: Öncü Fadime
Published: December 2021

Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras; geleneksel mimari, kültürel eserler ile maddi koleksiyonları içerdiği gibi, kültürel ürünleri ve üretim süreçlerini kapsayan bir kavram olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın önemli bir güvencesi olarak göz önünde tutulan, Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras sözleşmesi, 17 Ekim 2003 tarihinde UNESCO tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras 2005 Sözleşmesi’nde ise; kültürel çeşitliliğin, tercihlerin çeşitliliğini arttırıp değerleri besleyerek zengin bir dünya yarattığının ve bu nedenle toplumlar için, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın ana etkeni olduğuna yer verilir.
Turizm, doğal ve kültürel kaynaklara bağlı olarak faaliyet gösteren bir sektör alanı olduğu için, sürdürülebilirlik ile ilgili faktörlere dikkat edilmesi son derece önemlidir. Somut Olmayan Kültürel mirasının belirlenmesi, belgelenmesi ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanıp, farkındalık yaratarak, görünürlüğünün artırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar çerçevesinde; Yalvaç İlçesi’nin SOKÜM Değerleri, kültürel çeşitlilik ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma kapsamında ele alınarak, sürdürülebilirliğe uygunluğu bağlamında araştırılıp, elde edilen verilere göre, tespit edilen bu Kültürel Değerleri koruyup, gelecek nesillere aktarılması için, sürdürebilirliği sağlamaya yönelik tespit ve önerilere yer verilecektir.
Wabi-Sabi Estetiğinin İç Mekân Özelinde Ölçütlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Göksel Nisa Nur , Erbay Muteber
Published: December 2021

Wabi-Sabi Zen felsefesinden izler taşıyan, Japon kültürüne ait tarihi 13. yüzyıla uzanan bir geleneksel
estetik anlayışıdır. Günümüzde iç mekânlarda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan, stil haline dönüşen bu estetik
anlayış, özünde kusurları kabullenmek ve takdir etmek olarak ifade edilmektedir. Ancak Wabi-Sabi filolojik
açıdan ele alındığında daha çok karmaşık kavramları, anlayışları ve düşünceleri kapsayan hem somut hem
de soyut bir olgudur. Bu çalışmada Wabi-Sabi estetiğinin iç mekândaki ölçütlerinin neler olabileceği, bu
ölçütlerin nasıl oluşturulabileceği sorularına cevaplar aranmıştır. Wabi-Sabi estetiği ile ilgili disiplinler arası
bilimsel araştırmalarda içerik analizi yapılarak, kavram haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu kavramlar sonucunda
da Wabi-Sabi estetiğinin iç mekândaki ölçütleri üzerine bir öneri sunulmuştur. Elde edilen ölçütlerle
çalışma kapsamında belirlenen iç mekân projelerinde görsel analiz yapılmıştır.
Estimation of probable maximum precipitation of a high-mountain basin in a changing climate
Authors: Liu Tian , Li Binquan , Jin Luyi , Wang Shiwu , Wen Jinhua , Wang Helong
Published: December 2021

To estimate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) in a changing climate, this study proposes a new PMP estimation framework based on weather research forecasting (WRF) initialed with temperature (predicted by post-processing) for changing climate conditions. First, in order to determine temperature disturbance influencing PMP under climate change, a random forest (RF) model considering error correction is introduced to predict the temperature in the future. Results show that the revised RF model could improve accuracy in temperature prediction. Furthermore, numerical experiments of disturbance amplification of three factors (humidity, wind speed, and temperature) using the WRF model are conducted. This new scheme could consider the effect of three elements (horizontal range, vertical layer, and ratio) of influencing factors’ maximization on PMP. Results indicate that for the most unfavorable precipitation scenario of each factor magnification, the combination of three elements is different. Then, the joint amplification numerical experiments of three factors proved the existence of their interactions when multi-factors changed simultaneously. Finally, this method was tested in a high-mountain basin, the Upper Nujiang River Basin. Results showed that the increase of wind speed plays a leading role in rainfall enhancement, and the rising of relative humidity and temperature has a certain disturbance effect on rainfall.
A multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation
Authors: Hou Jie , Wang Ni , Luo Jungang , Zhang Xu , Wang Zhonghao , Xie Jiancang
Published: December 2021

Water resources allocation is an important technical tool to alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand, improve water resources utilization efficiency, and achieve the control target of total water resources utilization. However, the current water resources allocation theory is immature, and there are few objective and quantitative allocation methods, which leads to the relatively backward allocation practice. Moreover, the amounts of allocable water resources change dynamically, which makes the static and single traditional allocation scheme difficult to adapt to changes. To address the above issues, this research comprehensively integrated multiple types of allocation models to build a multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation. The results show that the system supports visually generated schemes and dynamically simulates water resources allocation. The application of the simulation system enhances the reliability of results. And the dynamic adaptability of allocation results supports allocation decisions.
Physical modelling of energy losses at surcharged three-way junction manholes in drainage system
Authors: Li Qijie , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Deng Shanshan , Zhang Hao , Xie Zhihua
Published: December 2021

Motivated by the observation that vortex flow structure was evident in the energy loss at the surcharged junction manhole due to changes of hydraulic and geometrical parameters, a physical model was used to calculate energy loss coefficients and investigate the relationship between flow structure and energy loss at the surcharged three-way junction manhole. The effects of the flow discharge ratio, the connected angle between two inflow pipes, the manhole geometry, and the downstream water depth on the energy loss were analyzed based on the quantified energy loss coefficients and the identified flow structure. Moreover, two empirical formulae for head loss coefficients were validated by the experimental data. Results indicate that the effect of flow discharge ratio and connected angle are significant, while the effect of downstream water depth is not obvious. With the increase of the lateral inflow discharge, the flow velocity distribution and vortex structure are both enhanced. It is also found that a circular manhole can reduce local energy loss when compared to a square manhole. In addition, the tested empirical formulae can reproduce the trend of total head loss coefficient.
Aspectos que Influenciam a Escolha de Locais de Coleta por Extrativistas de Macaúba no Cerrado Brasileiro
Authors: Cruz Ana Valéria Costa da , Alencar Nélson Leal , Almeida Alyson Luiz Santos de , Lopes Clarissa Gomes Reis
Published: December 2021

As comunidades extrativistas de Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNMs) criam preferências por locais de coleta baseadas na acessibilidade, tempo de transporte e busca, melhor qualidade e na maior disponibilidade dos recursos. Dentre as espécies fornecedoras de PFNMs com uma gama de utilidades e com ampla distribuição, destaca-se a palmeira macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.). Desse modo, realizou-se estudo em localidade no Cerrado com o objetivo de investigar os fatores considerados na escolha de locais de coleta pelas pessoas que extraem os frutos. Para tal foi realizado estudo etnobotânico com a comunidade e avaliada duas populações da palmeira em mata e em pastagem, quanto à estrutura populacional e à morfometria dos frutos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os extrativistas e parcelas foram montadas em ambiente florestal e em pastagem, onde os indivíduos de macaúba foram classificados em estádios ontogenéticos e os frutos e amêndoas foram pesados. Foram entrevistados 23 extrativistas de macaúba. Todos afirmaram que o principal interesse pela planta reside na amêndoa e que preferem coletar frutos mais pesados e em áreas com vegetação mais aberta, como fazendas de gado, não distinguindo divergências entre as populações da palmeira. Os dados da estrutura populacional de ambas as populações de plantas demonstraram que não há diferenças quanto ao número total de indivíduos e em cada estádio ontogenético. Quanto à morfometria dos frutos, as macaúbas coletadas na mata apresentaram-se em média mais pesadas e proporcionaram mais amêndoas, assinalando que a predileção pela pastagem pode estar ligada a outros aspectos, como a facilidade de acesso nesta área em detrimento da floresta.
O Perfil e a Percepção do Aprendizado Significativo dos Alunos do Curso Noturno de Ciências Ambientais de uma Universidade Pública Brasileira
Authors: Krepsky Natascha , Santana Ingrid Monteiro
Published: December 2021

Estratégias de ensino focado no aluno parecem ser mais atraentes para fomentar o aprendizado ativo de estudantes de graduação de turno noturno. Estudos realizados até o início dos anos 2000 revelaram que o perfil do discente de curso noturno era composto na maioria por estudantes-trabalhadores. Contudo, com a expansão das vagas para acesso às instituições federais de ensino superior (IFES) no âmbito do Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais – REUNI, o perfil do jovem ingressante no ensino superior sofreu mudanças importantes. Para suprir a carência de estudos mais recentes abordando esse novo perfil do estudante noturno de universidade pública, o nosso objetivo foi avaliar o perfil e a percepção do aprendizado do alunado de um curso noturno de Ciências Ambientais de uma IFES brasileira. Este artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada mediante análise de questionário estruturado aplicado a 245 alunos regularmente matriculados no curso noturno de Ciências Ambientais de uma IFES brasileira. Com um total de 103 respostas, concluímos que o quadro discente de Ciências Ambientais desta IFES é composto por jovens mulheres (61,2%) entre 18 e 25 anos (75,7%), sem emprego formal (66,9%), que preferem o turno noturno para estudo (56,3%), demoram mais de uma hora no trajeto até o local de estudo (53%). Além disso, a análise de percepção de aprendizado revelou que 75,7% destes alunos preferem o aprendizado ativo em alternativa ao método de ensino passivo tradicional. Apesar destes alunos não serem estudantes-trabalhadores, como tradicionalmente descrito para o turno noturno, o método de ensino expositivo tradicional não foi atraente para estes jovens. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir com dados que atendam às necessidades destes jovens estudantes.
The Production of Metabolites by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and its Application in Biotechnological Processes
Authors: Santos Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas , Batistote Margareth , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima
Published: December 2021

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts are widely known and used in biotechnological processes, as they have an excellent metabolic capacity that results in the formation of natural products with high added value. Thus, this study aims to present a view on the production of metabolites by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their application in biotechnological processes. For this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out on the scientific production regarding the use of yeasts in biotechnological tests for the production of substances by activating their metabolic pathways. The articles found in the range between the years 2014 to 2019 are mostly research articles 57% and the rest 43% review. The analysis of the production of articles per year showed an oscillation for both research and review articles, and the countries with the highest publication rate are the United States and China. The data demonstrate a growing interest in secondary metabolic pathways of S. cerevisiae. These microorganisms can be used for the production of different metabolites that are of industrial interest, as they have a purity content that results in high commercial value.