bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospun nanofibres with pH‐responsive operational factors for controlling of chemotherapeutic drugs release performance
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Chengshu , Ren Yan , Lu Shaofeng
Published: April 2020

In the present study, the novel keratin‐based 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) releasing nanofibrous system was electrospun. The pH sensitivity releasing performances of the nanofibres were optimised by a full‐factorial matrix design of experiment (DoE) with two significant factors at two levels in different pH environments. This full‐factorial DoE methods was applied to identify the main effects of these composite bio‐functional nanofibres and investigate the interaction effects of multiple factors. The SEM images indicated that a more homogeneous microstructure of the composite nanofibres was observed at the low level of electrospun voltage, which was set at 15 kV. The FTIR test detected the characteristic peaks of keratin at 1630 and 1550 cm−1. The releasing performances were examined by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the ratio between keratin and poly‐L‐lactide is a major factor to control the sustained‐releasing performance. A significant pH sensitivity of the composite nanofibres was achieved after adjusting the operational factors by DoE optimisation. The drug‐loaded nanofibres with high content of keratin (50 wt%) released 48.5% of 5‐FU in pH 7.4 solution while released 83.7% of 5‐FU in pH 6.0 solution. The results indicated that these composite electrospun nanofibres can be used as a candidate of pH‐triggered biomaterials.
Construction of Pseudo CRS frontier for a negative data using RTS model of Allahyar & A modified multiplier BCC model
Authors: Sarkar Subhadip
Published: April 2020

Performance measurement of Decision Making Units (DMU) possessing an array of positive and negative type of input and output data has been an extensively researched topic in Data Envelopment Analysis. However, assessment of Returns to Scale (RTS) under negative data problem has only been attainable after the deliberation of a Variable Returns to Scale assumption. Steps referred earlier were indeed purported a solution around the vicinity of the Decision Making Unit under examination to predict the nature of the Returns to Scale of a firm. The extant investigation extends the research of Allahyar and Malkhalifeh [Comput. Ind. Eng. 82 (2015) 78–81] to identify a Pseudo Constant Returns to Scale Frontier for a negative data problem along with the new origin based on the provided data. However, this approach seems to be ineffective to create a frontier for multiple input output scenario. In this regard, a new variation of Multiplier form of BCC model is proposed here to detect the new origin for the sake of designing the Pseudo CRS frontier. Small examples are added for the elaboration of the CRS efficient DMUs using methods described by Allahyar and Malkhalifeh [Comput. Ind. Eng. 82 (2015) 78–81] to identify the new origin from the Multiplier form of BCC model. This outcome is finally validated with the aid of the multiplier model of Sahoo et al. [Eur. J. Oper. Res. 255 (2016) 545–558].
Wann mit der intensivierten Insulintherapie beginnen? – Der BeAM-Wert zur besseren Abschätzung einer prandialen Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kress Stephan , Borck Anja , Zisman Ariel , Bramlage Peter , Siegmund Thorsten
Published: April 2020

Der BeAM-Wert ist ein kumulatives Maß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie. Er lässt sich aus der Blutglukosekonzentration vor dem Zubettgehen (Be) und der darauf folgenden Nüchternglukose am Morgen (AM) errechnen. In zwei retrospektiven Auswertungen von Daten aus Phase-III- und -IV-Studien wurde der Nutzen des BeAM-Wertes als Entscheidungshilfe für den Beginn der intensivierten Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Patienten unter basalinsulinunterstützter oraler Therapie (BOT) dargelegt. Bei Patienten, deren Therapie von einer oralen antidiabetischen Therapie (OAD) auf eine basalinsulinunterstützte orale Therapie umgestellt wird, steigen Ausmaß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie und der BeAM-Wert an bei gleichzeitig sinkendem HbA1c-Wert und Nüchternglukose. Nach Umstellung auf eine intensivierte Insulintherapie fällt der BeAM-Wert und das Ausmaß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie geht zurück. Insbesondere Patienten mit einem BeAM-Wert > 50 mg/dl profitieren von der Umstellung auf eine intensivierte Insulintherapie. Ein negativer BeAM-Wert spricht gegen den Einstieg in die prandiale Insulintherapie.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Memish Ziad A.
Published: April 2020

Emerging infectious diseases continue to be of a significant importance worldwide with the potential to cause major outbreaks and global pandemics. In 2002, the world had witnessed the appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in China which disappeared abruptly within 6 months. About a decade later, a new and emerging novel coronavirus named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was described in a patient from Saudi Arabia. These two coronaviruses shared multiple similarities in the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and posed challenges in its prevention and management. Seven years since its discovery, MERS-CoV continues to be a lethal zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe pneumonia with high case fatality rates and the ability to cause large health care-associated outbreaks.
Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Prajapati Mukesh Kumar , Dwivedi Deepak , Bajaj Naresh
Published: April 2020

Objective The main aim of this study was to assess quality of life in children with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in Regional Early Intervention Centre of the Department of Pediatrics Tertiary Care Hospital in central India. This study included 120 children with epilepsy aged between 2 and 18 years. In this study, we assessed the quality of life in children with epilepsy with the help of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). We further analyzed the quality of life in various dimensions. For the statistical analyses for SPSS version, 20 was used, chi-squared and Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Student's t-test was used for quantitative variables. Linear regression analysis was done for multivariate analysis.

Result Mean total PedsQL score for total cohort was 70.96. The cognitive dimension of epileptic children was more affected than physical, social, and emotional dimensions. Factors associated with lower PedsQL scores in epilepsy patients were associated with long duration of epilepsy, polytherapy, male gender, low head circumference, presence of intellectual disability, and refractory epilepsy.

Conclusion Epilepsy affects the quality of life in children across all age groups. Among epilepsy indicators, polytherapy, refractory epilepsy, and duration of epilepsy were the most important factors associated with poor quality of life. We can conclude that every effort should be made to decrease the duration of treatment and minimize the number of drugs for improving the quality of life in this patient cohort.
Stability of Poiseuille-type flows in an MHD model of an incompressible polymeric fluid
Authors: Blokhin A. M. , Tkachev D. L.
Published: April 2020

A generalization of the Pokrovskii-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions and melts of incompressible viscoelastic polymeric media to the case of nonisothermic flows in an infinite plane channel under the effect of a magnetic field is considered. A formal asymptotic representation is derived for the eigenvalues of the linearized problem (the basic solution is an analogue of the Poiseuille flow of a viscous fluid in the Navier-Stokes model) as their absolute value increases. A necessary condition for the asymptotic stability of an analogue of the Poiseuille shear flow is deduced.

Bibliography: 22 titles.
Three-webs
Authors: Shelekhov A. M.
Published: April 2020

Local differential-geometric properties of three-webs

formed on a

-dimensional manifold by foliations of codimension

,

and

, respectively, are considered. In particular, three-webs defined by complex analytic functions of

complex arguments belong to this class of webs. The structure equations of a three-web

in an adapted co-frame (in particular, in a natural co-frame) are deduced; the canonical connection

on the manifold of a web

is introduced; formulae are obtained to calculate (in a natural co-basis) the components of the first structure tensor of a three-web

in terms of the derivatives of the function of this web. Three special classes of three-webs

are considered in detail: regular and group three-webs and also three-webs

generated by holomorphic functions.

Bibliography: 17 titles.
A canonical basis of a pair of compatible Poisson brackets on a matrix algebra
Authors: Garazha A. A.
Published: April 2020

Given an arbitrary complex matrix

and a generic matrix

we find a canonical basis for the Kronecker part of the bi-Lagrangian subspace with respect to the corresponding Poisson brackets on the Lie algebra

, and also find a system of functions in bi-involution corresponding to this basis. In particular, for nilpotent matrices

we prove that all nonzero functions obtained by applying the Mishchenko-Fomenko argument shift method to the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial form the Kronecker part of the complete system of functions in bi-involution.

Bibliography: 9 titles.
Functions with universal Fourier-Walsh series
Authors: Grigoryan M. G.
Published: April 2020

We prove results on the existence of functions whose Fourier series in the Walsh system are universal in some sense or other in the function classes

,

, and

. We also give a description of the structure of these functions.

Bibliography: 30 titles.
Spatial and temporal patterns of lodging in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Australia
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Mace Emma , Hunt Colleen , Cruickshank Alan , Hammer Graeme , Jordan David
Published: April 2020

Grown in water-limited environments, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is often exposed to water deficits of varying extent and timing. One of the impacts of water stress on sorghum production is lodging; however, there has been no published study quantifying the temporal and spatial frequency and severity of lodging in grain sorghum in Australia. In this study, we investigated the frequency and severity of lodging, using a dataset of 83 advanced yield-testing trials of the sorghum pre-breeding program grown in the seven major sorghum-production environments in Australia over 14 summer growing seasons. Lodging occurred in most production regions but with varying frequency and severity. Lodging was significantly greater in regions that were more prone to water stress (e.g. Central Highlands in Queensland) and significantly lower in regions that were less likely to suffer from water stress (e.g. Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wale) compared with the overall average across regions. The severity of lodging also varied across regions, with the most severe lodging (>20%) occurring in Central Highlands and Western Downs in Queensland. In addition, seasonal patterns of lodging frequency and severity were also observed. Over the 14 growing seasons, the frequency of lodging varied from 0% to 100%, with the most severe lodging (>20%) observed in 2005, 2016 and 2017. The Southern Oscillation Index explained 29% of the seasonal variation in lodging frequency. The findings of this study clearly support a link between lodging incidence and water stress across regions and seasons. Our data also showed that although there was a substantial turnover of commercial hybrids during the period of this study, the level of resistance to lodging appeared not to have improved. It is possible that this is due to plant breeders trading off improvements in lodging resistance to increase grain yield.
Biological aspects of juvenile great hammerhead sharks Sphyrna mokarran from the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Hsu Hua Hsun , Nazeer Zahid Muhammed , Lin Yu Jia , Panickan Premlal , Al-Abdulkader Khaled , Loughland Ronald , Qurban Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2020

The life history of the critically endangered great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran was examined using samples collected from commercial fisheries operating in Saudi Arabian waters of the Arabian Gulf. In all, 105 specimens (47 males, 58 females), with a total length (TL) ranging from 67.0 to 236.0cm, were examined between April 2016 and November 2019. All individuals were immature. A neonate measuring 67.0cm TL caught in early June suggested the parturition period of this species was during May and June. Vertebrae under the first dorsal fin from 69 individuals (30 males, 39 females) were processed. Three age groups, from 0+ to 2+ years old, were identified by vertebrae analysis. Based on the relationship between vertebral central diameter and TL, the Fraser–Lee approach was used to back-calculate the growth history of TL. A two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit to describe early growth of great hammerheads during 0–2.9 years of age based on observed and back-calculated length-at-age data. The asymptotic lengths and k values were estimated to be 256.8cm TL and 0.449 year–1 respectively. This study provides the first life history information of great hammerhead sharks in the north-western Indian Ocean.
Phylogenetic linguistic evidence and the Dene-Yeniseian homeland
Authors: Yanovich Igor
Published: April 2020

Sicoli & Holton (2014)(PLoS ONE 9:3, e91722) use computational phylogenetics to argue that linguistic data from the putative, but likely, Dene-Yeniseian macro-family are better compatible with a homeland in Beringia (i.e., northeastern Siberia plus northwestern Alaska) than with one in central Siberia or deeper Asia. I show that a more careful examination of the data invalidates this conclusion: in fact, linguistic data do not support Beringia as the homeland. In the course of showing this, I discuss, without requiring a deep mathematical background, a number of methodological issues concerning computational phylogenetic analyses of linguistic data and drawing inferences from them. The aim is to contribute to making computational phylogenetics less of a black box for historical linguists. I conclude with a brief overview of the current evidence bearing on the Dene-Yeniseian homeland from linguistics, archaeology, folklore studies and genetics, and suggest current best practice for linguistic phylogenetics, the use of which would have helped to avoid some of the problems in Sicoli and Holton’s Dene-Yeniseian study, and in turn the percolation of those problems into subsequent synthetic interdisciplinary research.
The history of tense and aspect in the Sogeram family
Authors: Daniels Don
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an overview of the tens-aspect system in the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Taking the Proto-Sogeram reconstruction in Daniels (2015,2020) as a starting point, I outline the innovations that have taken place in daughter languages and discuss the patterns of change that emerge. The study confirms a variety of known cross-linguistic tendencies, such as the common occurrence of the analytic-to-synthetic and aspect-to-tense pathways of change. More notable trends include the diachronic stability of the present and most remote past tenses; the instability of the middle pasts and future; the stability of the relative semantic ordering of tenses; the absence of a pathway leading from relative-tense to absolute-tense marking; and the ability of innovative tenses to be inserted anywhere into the five-way tense system of Proto-Sogeram. The study also illustrates how featural systems can interact over time, at first by introducing a new feature value in one system which can combine with values from another (as with the Manat habitual), and then, if the featural distinction is lost, creating a pattern of distributed exponence (as in Mum).
A two-mode squeezed light based on a double-pump phase-matching geometry*
Authors: He Xuan-Jian , Jia Jun , Jiao Gao-Feng , Chen Li-Qing , Yuan Chun-Hua , Zhang Wei-Ping
Published: April 2020

We theoretically investigate the frequency-nondegenerate and frequency degenerate squeezed lights with a four-wave mixing process (4WM) driven by two pump fields crossing at a small angle. Different from a 4WM process driven by a single pump field, the refractive index of the corresponding probe field, n
p, can be converted to a value that is greater than 1 or less than 1 by an angle adjustment. In the new region with n
p < 1, the bandwidth of the gain is relatively large due to the slow change in the refractive index with the two-photon detuning. In this region with an exchange of the roles of the pump and probe beams, the frequency degenerate and spatial nondegenerate twin beams can be generated, which has potential application in quantum information and quantum metrology.
Optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical system*
Authors: Xiao Yu-Ming , Liu Jun-Hao , Wu Qin , Yu Ya-Fei , Zhang Zhi-Ming
Published: April 2020

We theoretically study the optical nonreciprocity in a piezo-optomechanical microdisk resonator, in which the cavity modes and the mechanical mode are optically pumped and piezoelectrically driven, respectively. For asymmetric optical pumping and different piezoelectrical drivings, our system shows some nonreciprocal optical responses. We find that our system can function as an optical isolator, a nonreciprocal amplifier, or a nonreciprocal phase shifter.
Improved spatial filtering velocimetry and its application in granular flow measurement*
Authors: Kong Ping , Wang Bi-De , Wang Peng , Zivkovic V , Zhang Jian-Qing
Published: April 2020

Spatial filtering velocimetry (SFV) has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, and wide applications. However, the traditional linear CCD-based SFV method requires an accurate angle between the direction of linear CCD and the direction of moving object, so it is not suitable for measuring a complex flow field or two-dimensional speed in a granular media. In this paper, a new extension of spatial filtering method (SFM) based on high speed array CCD camera is proposed as simple and effective technique for measuring two-dimensional speed field of granular media. In particular, we analyzed the resolution and range of array CCD-based SFV so that the reader can clarify the application scene of this method. This method has a particular advantage for using orthogonal measurement to avoid the angle measurement, which were problematic when using linear CCD to measure the movement. Finally, the end-wall effects of the granular flow in rotating drum is studied with different experimental conditions by using this improved technique.
High efficiency sub-nanosecond electro–optical Q-switched laser operating at kilohertz repetition frequency*
Authors: Zhao Xin , Song Zheng , Li Yuan-Ji , Feng Jin-Xia , Zhang Kuan-Shou
Published: April 2020

Based on a theoretical model of Q-switched laser with the influences of the driving signal sent to the Pockels cell and the doping concentration of the gain medium taken into account, a method of achieving high energy sub-nanosecond Q-switched lasers is proposed and verified in experiment. When a Nd:YVO4 crystal with a doping concentration of 0.7 at.% is used as a gain medium and a driving signal with the optimal high-level voltage is applied to the Pockels cell, a stable single-transverse-mode electro–optical Q-switched laser with a pulse width of 0.77 ns and a pulse energy of 1.04 mJ operating at the pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz is achieved. The precise tuning of the pulse width is also demonstrated.
A Solution to VRPTW Based on Improved GA-AMMAS Algorithm
Authors: Han Ming , Wang Ya-Bin
Published: April 2020

Vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a NP difficult problem, and it has important applications in military logistics, especially the distribution of wartime military equipment, materials and spare parts. In the last decade, numerous new methods for VRPTW have sprung up. However, few researches have been made in the study of VRPTW of wartime distribution. Hence, a two-stage solution is proposed in this paper to solve the VRPTW in complex dynamic environment during the war. That is, static route optimization in the pre-planning stage and dynamic route re-planning in the execution stage for sudden or changing enemy threats. An improved hybrid algorithm of Genetic algorithm and adaptive maximum-minimum ant system (GA-AMMAS) is designed in this paper for the solution of the model above.
Intelligent Text Scoring System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Lin Qi
Published: April 2020

In view of the lack of unified standards for emerging local service industries and the impact on users’ reasonable choices, this thesis takes the field of B&B as an example to design an analysis and scoring system based on massive online data. The system first obtains massive online data, including text-type data, through web crawlers. Then analyze and pre-process the captured information to build a corpus; use Chinese word segmentation and label clustering to mine the keywords in the listing introduction and comments. The sentiment polarity of the tenant reviews was analyzed based on the support vector machine (SVM) and sentiment lexicon. Finally, an optimized scoring system was obtained.
Research on collapsed (α, k)-NP-community on signed graph
Authors: Zhang Jiyuan , Yang Yan
Published: April 2020

In social network, the departure of critical users can lead to the disintegration of the entire community, i.e., lead a large number of other users to drop out. This paper aims to find the critical users in the community and prevent the whole community from disintegrating. Most of the other research work is carried out on the unsigned network. In this paper, we study this problem on a signed network and propose a new community model (α, k)-NP-community. Specifically, the nodes in the community model should satisfy the maximum subgraph with no less than ak good friends (positive neighbor) and no more than k enemy (negative neighbor). We propose an effective algorithm to find (α, k)-NP-community. In order to identify the critical users of (α, k)-NP-community, we propose the problem of collapsed (α, k)-NP-community: given a signed graph G, integers α, k, our goal is to find such nodes in graph G, the departure of the best collapser will lead to the smallest (α, k)-NP-community. We prove that the problem is NP-hard. Finally, we present two lemmas to apply the αKCA algorithm, which effectively reduced the number of candidate nodes and accelerated the search process. The results of extensive experiments on four real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.
An Analysis of Macro Effects of Drunk Driving Penalty on Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents in China
Authors: Hui Zhang
Published: April 2020

The effects of the law to punish drunk driving after coming into force in China can be seen in some media reports, while academic statistical analysis and evaluation are rare. In this study, the intervention analysis model of the law was constructed, by which the data of the number of motor vehicle accidents per 10,000 people in China, the number of injuries per 10,000 people and the number of deaths per 10,000 people were fitted, the macro effects of “drunk driving in punishment” on motor vehicle accidents in China were analyzed. The results showed that “drunk driving penalty” did not change the trend of motor vehicle accidents in China statistically.
The Hot-line Work Robot for Power Distribution Network
Authors: Yu Yan , Zhou Zhanfan , Liu Weidong , Yang Yuhang , Xu Xianjin
Published: April 2020

Aiming to solve the problems of safety, low efficiency and large volume of existing distribution network robots, a new distributed live working robot based on the master-slave control algorithm with weak stiffness and large lag is designed in this paper. The smaller robot body is used in the multi-level three-dimensional insulation isolation and shielding measures of the robot which realize the quick replacement of the working end such as the general mechanical, control and electrical interfaces. In the control system, ARM microprocessor is the signal processing terminal, displacement sensor and force sensor are the intermediary of signal measurement and closed-loop feedback respectively, which realizes the remote operation of the operator.
Fermentative quality of silage as affected by protein level in the ensiled material: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jayanegara A , Wardiman B , Kondo M , Ridla M , Nahrowi  , Laconi E B
Published: April 2020

Ensiling of high-protein forages like alfalfa, indigofera, cassava and moringa, however, are characterized by considerable extent of proteolysis. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from various published experiments regarding the effect of protein level on fermentative quality of silage. Papers reported data on protein contents of silages and their fermentative characteristics were collected and integrated in a database. A total of 15 papers and comprised of 155 data points were included. The ensiled materials were peas, wheat, barley, maize, sorghum, alfalfa and mucuna. The ensiling period varied from 20 to 303 days. Data were statistically analyzed by using the mixed model methodology. Studies from different papers were treated as random effects whereas protein level in silage was treated as fixed effect. The model statistics used was p-value. Results revealed that higher protein level led to an increase of DM loss in silage (p<0.01). Protein was negatively correlated with NDF (p<0.001) and ADF (p<0.05). Increasing protein level elevated pH value of the silage (p<0.05) and tended to increase acetate concentration (p<0.1). Ethanol concentration was elevated by increasing silage protein level (p<0.05). Higher silage protein level increased organic matter digestibility (OMD), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, nitrate and ammonia concentrations of the silage (p<0.05). It can be concluded that higher protein level induces proteolysis in the silage and reduces its fermentative quality.
Composting of grass clippings using different commercial microbial activators
Authors: Agustina W , Sriharti
Published: April 2020

A study was conducted on the utilization of biomass organic waste in the form of grass-clippings waste to make compost. The study proposed to determine the effect of different types of activators used on the temperature, duration of composting and the characteristics of the compost produced. The material used for making compost is grass-clipping, mixed with goat manure and rice bran, then inoculated using three types of commercial activators, EM4, Green Phoskko (GP-1) and Agrisimba. Observation of temperature changes during composting was carried out every day. Compost products were then tested for quality including pH, water content, C-Organic, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, and P2O5 levels. The test results showed that the temperature changes of the sample with Green Phoskko and Agrisimba activators were almost the same, but both were different from the sample using EM4 activators. The composting process of all sample treatments lasted for 14 days. The quality of compost produced from the three treatments has met the quality requirements according to the Indonesian National Standard SNI 19-7-30-2004 regarding compost from domestic organic waste.
Nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken fed diets supplemented with probiotics phytase-producing
Authors: Anggraeni A S , Suryani A E , Sofyan A , Sakti A A , Istiqomah L , Karimy M F , Darma I N G
Published: April 2020

Phytic acid is an anti-nutrition substance due to its ability to bind minerals such as Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, and enzyme proteins resulted in decrease in mineral solubility. Phytic acid levels can be reduced by phytase [myo-inositol hexacryphosphate phosphohidrolase]. Microbial phytase can come from fungi, bacteria, and yeast sources. This research was conducted with the aims to evaluate the effect of probiotics phytase-producing supplementation as feed additive on nutrient digestibility of broiler. This study was performed in a completely randomized design for the environmental design, which consist of five treatments. Negative control (without probiotics phytase-producing), LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum A1-E) phytase-producing, yeast (Candida tropicalis TKD-3) phytase-producing, probiotic consortium (L. plantarum A1-E and C. tropicalis TKD-3) and positive control (commercial probiotic). The observed variables are feed intake, energy intake, excreta weight, energy excretion, nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), true metabolizable energy (TME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to distinguish the effect of different treatment mean. The results of variation analysis on AMEn and TMEn showed significant different while another parameter showed no significant difference between treatments. The use of C. tropicalis TKD-3 as probiotics phytase-producing on broiler chicken diet increase nutrient digestibility, especially apparent metabolic energy corrected nitrogen, and true metabolic energy corrected nitrogen.
Effects of spinach tree leaves and high concentrates diets supplemented with micro minerals on in vitro rumen fermentation profiles
Authors: Herdian H , Sofyan A , Sakti A A , Karimy M F , Fitriana E L , Laconi E B
Published: April 2020

The effects of different level Spinach tree leaves Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, and high concentrate diets supplemented with micro minerals on in vitro rumen fermentation profiles were investigated. The basal diets consisted of 30% king grass (Pennisetum hybrid), and 70% concentrate. The mineral mix consists of FeCl2.4H2O; MnCl2.4H2O; CuSO4.5H2O; ZnSO4.7H2O; and CoCl2.6H2O. The treatments were Basal Ration (B), B+5% C. aconitifolius leaf (BC), B+2% mineral mix (BM), and B + 5% C. aconitifolius leaf + 2% mineral mix (BCM). The treatment diets were incubated for 48 h. Completely Randomized Design with one-factor consists of four treatments, and three replications were used in this experiment followed by One Way Analysis of Variance for statistical analysis. The gas production, N-ammonia, propionate, dry matter, and organic matter digestibility decreased significantly (p<0.05) by the treatment of mineral mix BM, BCM with the lowest value was found on BCM. Rumen microbial protein synthesis and pH was not influenced by the treatments of spinach tree alone (BC) (p>0.05) but increased significantly (p<0.05) when mineral mix treatments BM and BCM with the highest value at BCM. No effect (p>0.05) were observed for Protozoa population, methane production, acetate, and butyrate proportion. It was concluded that supplementation of C. aconitifolius leaves to the high concentrate diet has no effect on the fermentation variables whereas it combination with micro minerals reduced the fermentability and increased microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.
Antimicrobial activity of quinine derivatives against human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Antika L D , Triana D , Ernawati T
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, the antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the greatest concern facing human health, as many of bacterial strains had become resistant to available antibiotics. The misuse of antibiotics has potentially reduced the efficacy of drugs, concurrent with the increase of bacterial resistance to commercially available drugs. Therefore, the discovery of effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to overcome this epidemic, especially from traditional medical plants and their derivatives. Quinine is a natural alkaloid from the bark of the cinchona tree that has been used for years as an antimalarial drug. Various literatures also regarded an antibacterial effect of quinine against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms. With this vision, a series of some novel quinine derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities against pathogenic bacteria were assessed. This present study therefore attempted to examine the antimicrobial properties of quinine-derived compounds and their Minimal Inhibitory of Concentration (MIC) against common pathogenic bacteria strains, e.g. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus substillis. Disk diffusion test was performed for screening of antimicrobial activity of quinine derivatives. The results were evaluated and compared with references drug streptomycin. It was found that quinine derivatives showed moderate antimicrobial activity as compared with quinine itself on tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Ester quinine propionate was found to give the highest antibacterial activity among other derivatives, with a range inhibition zone from 9 to 23.5 mm to bacteria strains, compared to streptomycin with a range of inhibition zone from 8 to 12 mm. Further studies are needed to assess the bactericidal mechanisms of those derivative compounds.
The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder addition as natural antibiotic on the quality of milk replacer for lamb during storage
Authors: Devi H , Bachruddin Z , Hanim C , Muhlisin
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder addition as a natural antibiotic, temperature, and storage time on the quality of milk replacer for lam during storage. Turmeric powder addition equal to 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/v), room temperature (28°C) and refrigerator temperature (5°C) stored for 5 days were used in this study. The parameters observed were Total Plate Count (TPC), bacterial growth by Methylene Blue Reduction Time (MBRT) test, resazurin test, organoleptic test (odor and texture), pH, acid number and protein level in milk replacer. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factorial pattern 4x2x2. If there were significant difference on each parameter, Duncan test was performed. The addition of turmeric powder with different levels on E. Coli growth, TPC, acid number, organoleptic, MBRT and resazurin test showed significant difference (P<0.01), but the parameter of pH and protein level does not showed significant difference (P>0.01). Comparison with control, samples with the addition of turmeric levels that are higher can inhibit bacterial growth, more effectively, besides the effect of the storage factor shows the result that the storage of milk replacer with the best quality is at (5°C) and 0 day.
Improvement of nitrogen balance (land budget) in South Korea in terms of livestock manure: a review
Authors: Lee J H , Febrisiantosa A
Published: April 2020

South Korea’s nitrogen (N) balance is the highest among OECD countries. However, this figure is likely to be overestimated. Besides, there is a lack of scientific logic to persuade stakeholders (i.e., fertilizer company, livestock farmer) when these numbers are used as a basis for the N reduction policy. N balance is the residual value after subtracting the amount of N flowing out of the specific boundary from the amount of N entering the boundary. The boundaries of N balance are divided into farm budget, soil budget, and land budget. OECD uses a land budget for N balance calculation. The N inputs consist of mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, livestock manure, crop residues, seed and planting materials, biological N fixation, and atmospheric deposition. The N content in the crops produced corresponds to the N output. The N balance method proposed by the OECD is based on a grazing farming system. This method derives from the agricultural environment in which livestock manure is directly deposited into farmland. However, most of the livestock manure in South Korea is not used directly in farmland but is converted to compost and liquid fertilizer. N loss occurs during composting and liquid fertilizer production, which means that the amount of N loaded on the actual soil can be significantly reduced. Another concern related to N from livestock manure is the source of the N content in the crop. N absorbed by crops is not distinguished from livestock manure N, chemical fertilizer N, or soil N. If policymakers intend to reduce N by limiting mineral fertilizers or livestock manure, the N use efficiency of crops based on N sources will play an important role. Therefore, this paper discusses two uncertainties (N loss rate and crop N uptake) related to N from livestock manure and suggests ways to improve N balance.
Influence of drying method on chemical properties of dried cracker
Authors: Kusumaningrum A , Herawati E R N , Nurhikmat A , Restuti A
Published: April 2020

In Indonesia, crackers are mostly consumed as a snacks or a food condiment. Effect of the drying method and the addition of flavour to the chemical properties of dried crackers were investigated in the present study. The sun drying method carried out for 12 hours, while the oven drying method carried out in various temperatures i.e. 50, 60 and 70°C, RH 88% until achieved a constant weight. The observed flavour variants were garlic, chilli and seaweed. The crackers were observed for their chemical properties including ash, protein, crude fat, carbohydrate and moisture content, subsequently. The result showed that the temperature of oven drying method were significantly affected to ash, crude fat and carbohydrate of dried cracker. The highest protein content was produced by crackers that dried using oven drying method at 70°C, while the highest water content was produced by crackers that dried using oven drying method at 50°C. Afterward, the flavour addition was significantly affected the crude fat content. The addition of seaweed flavour produces crackers with the lowest protein content. While, the addition of chilli flavour produces crackers with the highest carbohydrate and moisture content, but lower ash content. Information about chemical properties of crackers that dried using sun drying method was observed in the present study.
Antioxidant capacity of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus asper) flour produced under fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Putri D P , Iwansyah A C , Desnilasari D , Kumalasari R
Published: April 2020

Bamboo shoot is part of the shoots of bamboo plants that can be consumed. Bamboo shoots can be processed by fermentation. The treatment of fermentation has many advantages such as increasing the fiber content and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation treatment on antioxidant activity, morphological structure of starch, elemental mineral content and spectrum of functional groups of bamboo shoots flour. The treatments carried out in this study were bamboo shoot flour treated with fermentation for 24 and 48 hours spontaneously and using lactic acid bacteria, viz., Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus casei. Antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, SEM, and FTIR were analyzed. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of bamboo shoot flour which experienced 48 hours fermentation had lower antioxidant activity than 24 hours, this was in line with the results of analysis of total phenol and total flavonoids. The morphological form of starch which has been fermented for 48 hours has a smaller granule shape and size and more was broken than 24 hours of fermentation. The elements contained in fermented bamboo shoot flour include carbon, oxygen, potassium and calcium. FTIR results of fermented bamboo shoot flour showed the same spectrum pattern but different absorbance values.
The effect of combination treatment of inhibitor solution and beeswax coating during storage to the quality of Citrus reticulata
Authors: Triyono A , Ardiansyah R C E , Desnilasari D , Kumalasari R , Amalia S
Published: April 2020

The research purposed to determine the effect of the concentration of beeswax and storage time in orange fruit, which the stalk was soaking in the AgNO3 solution. The model of experimental design methods used in the research was a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of AgNO3 10 ppm, 8 hours and concentration of beeswax coating were 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%. The second factor was the storage time. The levels of vitamin C, weight loss, hardness, pH and total dissolved solids of the orange fruit have investigated. The result showed that concentration of beeswax (b) was affected the weight loss and vitamin C. Meanwhile, storage time (t) was affected weight loss, vitamin C, total dissolved solids, hardness, and pH. Beeswax 8% was the best concentration according to less weight loss, total dissolved solids, and pH. On the other hand, using Beeswax 12% was the best concentration according to the levels of vitamin C and hardness.
The analysis of protein, fat and free fatty acid content changes in fried chicken cooked with repeated cooking oil at street vendors in Malang
Authors: Mariana R R , Susanti E , Hidayati L , Rosalia
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to study the changes of protein, fat and free fatty acid contents in fried chicken that was cooked with repeated cooking oil on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th frying from five street vendors in Malang City. The research design used the randomized group design with two factors. The first factor was fried chicken sold by five street vendors, and the second factor was the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th frying frequency. The laboratory test used semi-micro Kjeldahl (protein test), Soxhlet (fat content test), and titration (free fatty acid test) methods. The results showed that: 1) there were decreases of protein contents with the increasing frying frequency, the chickens in the 1st frying had between 19.52–21.68 g per 100 g, the 5th had 18.87–20.98 g, the 10th had 18.15–20.10 g, the 15th had 17.43–19.7 g, and the 20th had 16.60–18.85 g protein; 2) there were increases of fat contents, with the 1st frying resulted in fat contents between 17.71–19.21 g per 100 g, the 5th contained 18.92–20.11 g, the 10th contained 20.47–21.72 g, the 15th contained 20.50–21.72 g, the 20th contained 21.05–22.99 g; 3) there were increases of free fatty acid contents, the chickens in the 1st frying had between 0.56–0.85% free fatty acid, the 5th contained 1.48–2.26%, the 10th contained 2.44–3.30%, the 15th contained 4.41–5.39%, and the 20th contained 5.53–6.66%, all exceeded the SNI standard of maximum 0.3%.
Microbiological and chemical quality of a traditional salted-fermented fish (peda) product of Banten, Indonesia using Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. Cremonis BN12 as starter culture
Authors: Kusmarwati A , Hizamah U , Wibowo S
Published: April 2020

Peda is a traditional salted fermented fish product of natural fermentation of salted mackerel fish of Indonesia. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. Cremonis BN12 as starter culture on the microbiological and chemical quality of peda. Peda was processed by fermentation either with or without Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. Cremonis BN12 2.5; 5.0and 7.5 percent (v/w) with addition of 30% (w/w) salt at room temperature for 9 days. The observation was consist of microbiological analysis {total plate count, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total Coliform}and chemical analysis (pH and total volatile bases-N/TVB-N). The result showed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. Cremonis BN12 could produce a better quality of peda than control, especially on starter concentration 5%. Total bacterial count 5.1 log CFU/g, total LAB count 4.0 log CFU/g, and Coliform 4 log CFU/g, respectively. Moreover, the TVB-N and pH value were 45.12 mgN/100g and 5.79, respectively.
The extended shelf life of aloe vera drink with a modified hot-filling practice for the SME
Authors: Sefrienda A R , Amri A F , Ariani D , Susanto A , Nurhikmat A
Published: April 2020

Aloe vera drink is a drink made by soaking aloe vera gel in a sugar solution that has good tastes and health benefits. Aloe vera drink in SME scale has a short shelf life for about two days and must be stored in cold temperatures which resulted in the limited marketing area. This study aims to extend shelf life by modifying the process production that easy to practice for SME. The hot-filling process was chosen because it is suitable for aloe vera drinks and easily applied in the SME. Total microbial, Brix, and pH testing were carried out to ensure product quality during storage. Aloe vera drink process using the hot-filling process can increase the product shelf life of up to 1 month at room temperature with total microbial 28x101CFU/ml, which below SNI-7388-2009 about the maximum limit of microbial contamination.
A comparative study on engineering properties of three varieties of shallots
Authors: Kurniawan Y R , Hidayat D D , Luthfiyanti R , Andriansyah R C E , Indriati A
Published: April 2020

Shallot is one of the essential vegetables in Indonesia. Besides being consumed by the household, shallots are also potentially usable for industries. Many researchers have done a study on engineering properties of onions, but not in shallots. The information about the physical and mechanical properties of shallots related to handling and processing is still lacking. Therefore, this study conducted to provide the database on physical and mechanical properties of three different varieties of shallots and to find out the similarities and differences among them. Results of the study showed that physically, each type had a typical characteristic which was different from other varieties. The weight of Tuktuk variety was about three times of Bima Brebes variety and nearly six times of Sumenep variety. The similarity showed in the case of particle and bulk densities. Regarding the texture profile, there was a significant difference in skin strength among the three varieties. Otherwise, there was no significant difference in their elasticities. The varieties of shallots and the type of surface material affected the emptying angle of repose and static friction.
Empal gentong and empal asem with packaged cans: traditional foods from Cirebon
Authors: Nurhikmat A , Susanto A , Kusumaningrum A , Amri A F , Masruroh E
Published: April 2020

There has been research on traditional cuisine from Cirebon, empal gentong and empal asem. This empal is one of a variety of Soto cuisine which uses a mixture of beef, tripe, beef spleen and cow innards. The method used was to compare the results of heat adequacy measurement at 121°C for 60 minutes (starting from pushing ON button of the equipment), then the canned product can be analysed, both physical and nutritional value between 2 different variant types of empal gentong and empal asem. The result of the research obtained by empal Gentong Heat adequacy is 21.24 minutes with a net weight of 24.4%, aw 0.882, pH 5.93, water content of 83.9%, Ash 1.53%, 7.82% protein, fat 3.07%, carbohydrate 3.68%, sugar 2.39% with total energy of 220 calories. While the result of heat adequacy empal asem is 20.36 minutes with a net weight of 25.9%, aw 0.884, pH 5.42, water content 86.5%, Ash 1.66%, protein 6.89%, fat 0.84, carbohydrate 4.11%, sugar 2.21% with a total energy of 150 calories. Based on Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency - Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI) Number 24 of the year 2016 concerning Commercial Sterile Food Requirements, Chapter III Requirements for Sterile Commercial Foods Article 3, paragraph 2 that sterility value (F0) is at least 3.0 minutes calculated against Clostridium botulinum spores. Thus, canned empal gentong and empal asem can be declared safe for consumption by consumers.