bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influências do pragmatismo filosófico sobre a adjudicação pragmática de direitos
Authors: Zanon Junior Orlando Luiz , Raupp Daniel
Published: March 2023

O objetivo do artigo é examinar as possíveis influências do pragmatismo filosófico sobre a filosofia jurídica e, ainda, a sua potencial utilidade na adjudicação pragmática de direitos. Para isso, (1) discorre sobre o pragmatismo filosófico clássico de Charles Sanders Peirce, William James e John Dewey, e (2) o pragmatismo filosófico contemporâneo de Richard Rorty e Susan Haack; (3) examina os principais eixos do pragmatismo filosófico, consistentes em experiência, verdade e consequências; e, como resultado, (4) apresenta as três principais características do pragmatismo filosófico, quais sejam, antifundacionalismo, contextualismo e consequencialismo, assinalando que esses pontos influenciam a filosofia jurídica e, assim, podem servir à adjudicação de direitos. Quanto à metodologia, realizou-se pesquisa científica em cuja fase de investigação operou-se com o método dedutivo. Na fase de análise de dados, utilizou-se o método analítico. No relatório dos resultados, consolidado neste artigo, trabalhou-se com o método indutivo. As técnicas utilizadas foram do referente, da categoria, do conceito operacional e da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Technology of Tomorrow
Authors: Dyble Jonathan
Published: February 2023

To progress advanced air mobility prototypes to commercially viable aircraft demands more development in avionics and automation
Incidence and risk factors for five-year recurrent disc herniation after primary single-level lumbar discectomy
Authors: Geere Jonathan H. , Swamy Girish N. , Hunter Paul R. , Geere Jo-Anne L. , Lutchman Lennel N. , Cook Andrew J. , Rai Amarjit S.
Published: March 2023

Aims

To identify the incidence and risk factors for five-year same-site recurrent disc herniation (sRDH) after primary single-level lumbar discectomy. Secondary outcome was the incidence and risk factors for five-year sRDH reoperation.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using prospectively collected data and patient-reported outcome measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), between 2008 and 2019. Postoperative sRDH was identified from clinical notes and the centre’s MRI database, with all imaging providers in the region checked for missing events. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate five-year sRDH incidence. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent variables predictive of sRDH, with any variable not significant at the p < 0.1 level removed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Complete baseline data capture was available for 733 of 754 (97.2%) consecutive patients. Median follow-up time for censored patients was 2.2 years (interquartile range (IQR) 1.0 to 5.0). sRDH occurred in 63 patients at a median 0.8 years (IQR 0.5 to 1.7) after surgery. The five-year Kaplan-Meier estimate for sRDH was 12.1% (95% CI 9.5 to 15.4), sRDH reoperation was 7.5% (95% CI 5.5 to 10.2), and any-procedure reoperation was 14.1% (95% CI 11.1 to 17.5). Current smoker (HR 2.12 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.56)) and higher preoperative ODI (HR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.03)) were independent risk factors associated with sRDH. Current smoker (HR 2.15 (95% CI 1.12 to 4.09)) was an independent risk factor for sRDH reoperation.

Conclusion

This is one of the largest series to date which has identified current smoker and higher preoperative disability as independent risk factors for sRDH. Current smoker was an independent risk factor for sRDH reoperation. These findings are important for spinal surgeons and rehabilitation specialists in risk assessment, consenting patients, and perioperative management.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):315–322.
A comparison of different selective ultrasound screening strategies for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Pakarinen Oskari , Ponkilainen Ville , Uimonen Mikko , Haapanen Marjut , Helenius Ilkka , Kuitunen Ilari
Published: March 2023

Aims

To analyze whether the addition of risk-based criteria to clinical examination-based selective ultrasound screening would increase the rates of early detected cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and decrease the rate of late detected cases.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The initial search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2021. The following search terms were used: (hip) AND (ultrasound) AND (luxation or dysplasia) AND (newborn or neonate or congenital).

Results

A total of 25 studies were included. In 19 studies, newborns were selected for ultrasound based on both risk factors and clinical examination. In six studies, newborns were selected for ultrasound based on only clinical examination. We did not find evidence indicating that there are differences in the incidence of early- and late-detected DDH, or in the incidence of nonoperatively treated DDH between the risk-based and clinical examination-based groups. The pooled incidence of operatively treated DDH was slightly lower in the risk-based group (0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 0.7)) compared with the clinical examination group (0.9 per 1,000 newborns, (95% CI 0.7 to 1.0)).

Conclusion

The use of risk factors in conjunction with clinical examination in the selective ultrasound screening of DDH might lead to fewer operatively treated cases of DDH. However, more studies are needed before stronger conclusions can be drawn.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):247–253.
Evaluation of at-home physiotherapy
Authors: Boyer Philip , Burns David , Whyne Cari
Published: March 2023

Aims

An objective technological solution for tracking adherence to at-home shoulder physiotherapy is important for improving patient engagement and rehabilitation outcomes, but remains a significant challenge. The aim of this research was to evaluate performance of machine-learning (ML) methodologies for detecting and classifying inertial data collected during in-clinic and at-home shoulder physiotherapy exercise.

Methods

A smartwatch was used to collect inertial data from 42 patients performing shoulder physiotherapy exercises for rotator cuff injuries in both in-clinic and at-home settings. A two-stage ML approach was used to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data (to remove non-exercise data) and subsequently for classification of exercises. We evaluated the performance impact of grouping exercises by motion type, inclusion of non-exercise data for algorithm training, and a patient-specific approach to exercise classification. Algorithm performance was evaluated using both in-clinic and at-home data.

Results

The patient-specific approach with engineered features achieved the highest in-clinic performance for differentiating physiotherapy exercise from non-exercise activity (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) = 0.924). Including non-exercise data in algorithm training further improved classifier performance (random forest, AUROC = 0.985). The highest accuracy achieved for classifying individual in-clinic exercises was 0.903, using a patient-specific method with deep neural network model extracted features. Grouping exercises by motion type improved exercise classification. For at-home data, OOD detection yielded similar performance with the non-exercise data in the algorithm training (fully convolutional network AUROC = 0.919).

Conclusion

Including non-exercise data in algorithm training improves detection of exercises. A patient-specific approach leveraging data from earlier patient-supervised sessions should be considered but is highly dependent on per-patient data quality.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):165–177.
Combating Physician Moral Injury Requires a Change in Healthcare Governance
Authors:   Phoenix Pulmonary and Critical Care Research and Education Foundation, Gilbert, AZ USA, Robbins Richard
Published: March 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. One of our associate editors, Mike Gotway, emailed me an editorial titled “Burnout versus Moral Injury and the Importance of Distinguishing Them” from Radiographics authored by Sara Sheikhbahaei and colleagues (1). It is well worth reading the full text. However, since Radiographics is not an open access journal and the full text is not available to everyone, I will do my best to summarize Sheikhbahaei’s editorial and expand where appropriate. Nearly every journal (including the SWJPCCS) has published an article and/or editorial on physician burnout. Sheikhbahaei (1) points out that physician burnout is different than moral injury. She uses Talbot and Dean’s (2) definition of burnout as “a pattern of exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased productivity often accompanied by anxiety, cognitive impairment, and diminished functional capacity”. Her editorial points out that “the consequences of burnout are serious and include depression, stress, increased risk of substance abuse, poor self-image, lack of motivation …
Gradient index effect assisted anisotropic broadband absorption in α-MoO3 metamaterial
Authors: Liu Haotuo , Wu Biyuan , Yang Bing , Ai Qing , Xie Ming , Wu Xiaohu
Published: March 2023

As an excellent natural hyperbolic material (HM), α−MoO3 has a larger hyperbolic bandwidth and
longer polariton lifetime than other HMs, which makes it an ideal
candidate for broadband absorbers. In this work, we theoretically and
numerically investigated the spectral absorption of an α−MoO3 metamaterial using the gradient index
effect. The results show that the absorber has an average spectral
absorbance of 99.99% at 12.5–18 µm at transverse electric
polarization. When the incident light is transverse magnetic
polarization, the broadband absorption region of the absorber is
blueshifted, and a similar strong absorption is achieved at
10.6–12.2 µm. By simplifying the geometric model of the
absorber using equivalent medium theory, we find that the broadband
absorption is caused by the refractive index matching of the
metamaterial to the surrounding medium. The electric field and power
dissipation density distributions of the metamaterial were calculated
to clarify the location of the absorption. Moreover, the influence of
geometric parameters of pyramid structure on broadband absorption
performance was discussed. Finally, we investigated the effect of
polarization angle on the spectral absorption of the α−MoO3 metamaterial. This research
contributes to developing broadband absorbers and related devices
based on anisotropic materials, especially in solar thermal
utilization and radiation cooling.
Dual-wavelength absorption technique for dryness measurement of wet steam
Authors: Chandra Manish , Seshadri Satyanarayanan , Vasa Nilesh J.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a dual-wavelength absorption-based approach for measuring and validating the steam dryness fraction of wet steam. A thermally insulated steam cell with a temperature-controlled measurement window (up to 200°C) is designed and fabricated to minimize condensation during water vapor measurements at different operating pressures (1–10 bars). Water vapor’s measurement sensitivity and accuracy are limited due to other absorbing and non-absorbing species in wet steam. The measurement accuracy is significantly improved with the proposed dual-wavelength absorption technique (DWAT) measurement method. The influence of modifying factors—namely, pressure and temperature—on water vapor absorbance is minimized by a non-dimensional correction factor. The dryness is measured with the help of the water vapor concentration and wet steam mass present in the steam cell. The DWAT dryness measurement approach is validated using a four-stage separating and throttling calorimeter combined with a condensation rig. The accuracy of the dryness measurement system using this optical method is determined to be ±1% for the range of dryness and operating pressure (1–10 bars) of wet steam.
Rapid determination of the main components of corn based on near-infrared spectroscopy and a BiPLS-PCA-ELM model
Authors: Xu Lili , Liu Jinming , Wang Chunqi , Li Zhijiang , Zhang Dongjie
Published: March 2023

To evaluate corn quality quickly, the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with chemometrics was analyzed to detect the moisture, oil, protein, and starch content in corn. A backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS)-principal component analysis (PCA)-extreme learning machine (ELM) quantitative analysis model was constructed based on BiPLS in conjunction with PCA and the ELM. The selection of characteristic spectral intervals was accomplished by BiPLS. The best principal components were determined by the prediction residual error sum of squares of Monte Carlo cross validation. In addition, a genetic simulated annealing algorithm was utilized to optimize the parameters of the ELM regression model. The established regression models for moisture, oil, protein, and starch can meet the demand for corn component detection with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.996, 0.990, 0.974, and 0.976; the prediction root means square errors of 0.018, 0.016, 0.067, and 0.109; and the residual prediction deviations of 15.704, 9.741, 6.330, and 6.236, respectively. The results show that the NIRS rapid detection model has higher robustness and accuracy based on the selection of characteristic spectral intervals in conjunction with spectral data dimensionality reduction and nonlinear modeling and can be used as an alternative strategy to detect multiple components in corn rapidly.
Versatile OSCAT time-domain THz spectrometer
Authors: Molteni Lisa M. , Manzolli Jacopo , Pirzio Federico , Agnesi Antoniangelo , Piccinno Giuliano , Laporta Paolo , Galzerano Gianluca
Published: March 2023

We report on a compact and versatile time-domain spectrometer operating in the THz spectral region from 0.2 to 2.5 THz based on ultrafast Yb:CALGO laser and photo-conductive antennas. The spectrometer operates with the optical sampling by cavity tuning (OSCAT) method based on laser repetition rate tuning, which allows at the same time the implementation of a delay-time modulation scheme. The whole characterization of the instrument is presented and compared to the classical THz time-domain spectroscopy implementation. THz spectroscopic measurements on a 520-μm thick GaAs wafer substrate together with water vapor absorption measurements are also reported to further validate the instrument capabilities.
Automated design of freeform imaging systems for automotive heads-up display applications
Authors: Fan Rundong , Wei Shili , Ji Huiru , Qian Zhuang , Tan Hao , Mo Yan , Ma Donglin
Published: March 2023

The freeform imaging system is playing a significant role in developing an optical system for the automotive heads-up display (HUD), which is a typical application of augmented reality (AR) technology. There exists a strong necessity to develop automated design algorithms for automotive HUDs due to its high complexity of multi-configuration caused by movable eyeballs as well as various drivers’ heights, correcting additional aberrations introduced by the windshield, variable structure constraints originated from automobile types, which, however, is lacking in current research community. In this paper, we propose an automated design method for the automotive AR-HUD optical systems with two freeform surfaces as well as an arbitrary type of windshield. With optical specifications of sagittal and tangential focal lengths, and required structure constraints, our given design method can generate initial structures with different optical structures with high image quality automatically for adjusting the mechanical constructions of different types of cars. And then the final system can be realized by our proposed iterative optimization algorithms with superior performances due to the extraordinary starting point. We first present the design of a common two-mirror HUD system with longitudinal and lateral structures with high optical performances. Moreover, several typical double mirror off-axis layouts for HUDs were analyzed from the aspects of imaging performances and volumes. The most suitable layout scheme for a future two-mirror HUD is selected. The optical performance of all the proposed AR-HUD designs for an eye-box of 130 mm × 50 mm and a field of view of 13° × 5° is superior, demonstrating the feasibility and superiority of the proposed design framework. The flexibility of the proposed work for generating different optical configurations can largely reduce the efforts for the HUD design of different automotive types.
High-speed and wide-field nanoscale table-top ptychographic EUV imaging and beam characterization with a sCMOS detector
Authors: Eschen Wilhelm , Liu Chang , Penagos Molina Daniel S. , Klas Robert , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: March 2023

We present high-speed and wide-field EUV ptychography at 13.5 nm wavelength using a table-top high-order harmonic source. Compared to previous measurements, the total measurement time is significantly reduced by up to a factor of five by employing a scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) detector that is combined with an optimized multilayer mirror configuration. The fast frame rate of the sCMOS detector enables wide-field imaging with a field of view of 100 µm × 100 µm with an imaging speed of 4.6 Mpix/h. Furthermore, fast EUV wavefront characterization is employed using a combination of the sCMOS detector with orthogonal probe relaxation.
Climate warming erodes tropical reef habitat through frequency and intensity of episodic hypoxia
Authors: Lucey Noelle M. , Deutsch Curtis A. , Carignan Marie-Hélène , Vermandele Fanny , Collins Mary , Johnson Maggie D. , Collin Rachel , Calosi Piero
Published: March 2023

Climate warming threatens marine life by increasing metabolic oxygen demand while decreasing oxygen availability. Tropical species living in warm, low oxygen environments may be most at risk, but their tolerances and exposures to these stressors remain poorly documented. We evaluated habitat restrictions for two brittle star species from Caribbean coral reefs by integrating field observations, laboratory experiments and an ecophysiological model. The absence of one species from the warmest reefs results from vital activity restrictions during episodic low oxygen extremes, even though average conditions are well within physiological tolerance limits. Over the past decade, warmer temperatures have been significantly correlated with a greater frequency and intensity of hypoxic events. Continued warming will progressively exclude hypoxia-tolerant species, even if average oxygen remains constant. A warming-driven increase in frequency or intensity of low oxygen extremes could similarly accelerate habitat loss across other marine ecosystems.
Novel strains of Campylobacter cause diarrheal outbreak in Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Napit Rajindra , Manandhar Prajwol , Poudel Ajit , Rajbhandari Pragun G. , Watson Sarah , Shakya Sapana , Pradhan Saman M. , Sharma Ajay N. , Chaudhary Ashok , Johnson Christine K. , Mazet Jonna K. , Karmacharya Dibesh
Published: March 2023

Campylobacter spp. is often underreported and underrated bacteria that present real health risks to both humans and animals, including non-human primates. It is a commensal microorganism of gastrointestinal tract known to cause gastroenteritis in humans. Commonly found in many wild animals including non-human primates (monkeys- Rhesus macaques) these pathogens are known to be a common cause of diarrhea in humans in many parts of developing and under developed countries. Rhesus macaques from the two holy sites in Kathmandu (Pashupati and Swoyambhu) were included in this cross-sectional study. Diarrheal samples of monkeys were analyzed to detect and characterize the pathogen using 16S rRNA-based PCR screening, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Out of a total 67 collected diarrheal samples,Campylobacter spp. were detected in the majority of the samples (n = 64; 96%). DNA sequences of the amplified PCR products were successfully obtained from 13 samples. Phylogenetic analysis identifiedCandidatus Campylobacter infans(n = 10, Kimura-2 parameter (K2P) pairwise distance values of 0.002287). Remaining three sequences might potentially belong to a novel Campylobacter species/sub-species- closely relating to known species ofC.helviticus(K2P pairwise distance of 0.0267). BothCandidatus Campylobacter infansandC.helvitucusare known to infect humans and animals. Additionally, we also detected the bacteria in water and soil samples from the sites.Campylobacter spp. caused the 2018 diarrhea outbreak in Rhesus macaques in the Kathmandu valley.Campylobactermight be one of the important contributing pathogens in diarrheal outbreaks-both in humans and animals (monkeys) in Nepal. Due to close interactions of these animals with humans and other animals, One Health approach might be the most effective way to prevent and mitigate the threat posed by this pathogen.
Transcriptome profiling for developmental stages Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis with focus on wing development and metamorphosis
Authors: Hwang Jihye , Choi Eun Hwa , Park Bia , Kim Gyeongmin , Shin Chorong , Lee Joon Ha , Hwang Jae Sam , Hwang Ui Wook
Published: March 2023

A white-spotted flower chafer Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis widely distributed in Asian countries is traditionally used in oriental medicine. This study explored gene expression abundance with respect to wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis based on the large-scale RNA-seq data. The transcriptome assembly consists of 23,551 high-quality transcripts which are approximately 96.7% covered. We found 265 wing development genes, 19 metamorphosis genes, and 1,314 candidates. Of the 1,598 genes, 1,594 are included exclusively in cluster 4 with similar gene co-expression patterns. The network centrality analyses showed that wing development- and metamorphosis-related genes have a high degree of betweenness centrality and are expressed most highly in eggs, moderately in pupa and adults, and lowest in larva. This study provides some meaningful clues for elucidating the genetic modulation mechanism of wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis.
Career self-efficacy disparities in underrepresented biomedical scientist trainees
Authors: Chatterjee Deepshikha , Jacob Gabrielle A. , Varvayanis Susi Sturzenegger , Wefes Inge , Chalkley Roger , Nogueira Ana T. , Fuhrmann Cynthia N. , Varadarajan Janani , Hubbard Nisaan M. , Gaines Christiann H. , Layton Rebekah L. , Chaudhary Sunita
Published: March 2023

The present study examines racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in career self-efficacy amongst 6077 US citizens and US naturalized graduate and postdoctoral trainees. Respondents from biomedical fields completed surveys administered by the National Institutes of Health Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (NIH BEST) programs across 17 US institutional sites. Graduate and postdoctoral demographic and survey response data were examined to evaluate the impact of intersectional identities on trainee career self-efficacy. The study hypothesized that race, ethnicity and gender, and the relations between these identities, would impact trainee career self-efficacy. The analysis demonstrated that racial and ethnic group, gender, specific career interests (academic principal investigator vs. other careers), and seniority (junior vs. senior trainee level) were, to various degrees, all associated with trainee career self-efficacy and the effects were consistent across graduate and postdoctoral respondents. Implications for differing levels of self-efficacy are discussed, including factors and events during training that may contribute to (or undermine) career self-efficacy. The importance of mentorship for building research and career self-efficacy of trainees is discussed, especially with respect to those identifying as women and belonging to racial/ethnic populations underrepresented in biomedical sciences. The results underscore the need for change in the biomedical academic research community in order to retain a diverse biomedical workforce.
Winning! Election returns and engagement in social media
Authors: Calvo Ernesto , Ventura Tiago , Aruguete Natalia , Waisbord Silvio
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes social media engagement when elections are adjudicated to one of the contending parties. We extend existing models of political dialogue to explain differences in social media engagement (i.e. time-to-retweet) when users support the winner or losers of an election. We show that users who support the winning candidate are more engaged and have a lower time-to-retweet. We also show heterogeneity in Twitter engagement conditional on the number of followers, with accounts with more followers being less sensitive to the election result. We measure the effect of electoral adjudication using a regression discontinuity design, with estimates by winning or losing status, and for accounts with many followers (high authority) or with few followers (low authority). Analyses use Twitter data collected in Argentina (2019), Brazil (2018), the United Kingdom (2019), and the United States (2016).
Evaluating the impact of Hazelwood mine fire event on students’ educational development with Bayesian interrupted time-series hierarchical meta-regression
Authors: Gao Caroline X. , Broder Jonathan C. , Brilleman Sam , Campbell Timothy C. H. , Berger Emily , Ikin Jillian , Smith Catherine L. , Wolfe Rory , Johnston Fay , Guo Yuming , Carroll Matthew
Published: March 2023

Background

Environmental disasters such as wildfires, floods and droughts can introduce significant interruptions and trauma to impacted communities. Children and young people can be disproportionately affected with additional educational disruptions. However, evaluating the impact of disasters is challenging due to difficulties in establishing studies and recruitment post-disasters.

Objectives

We aimed to (1) develop a Bayesian model using aggregated school-level data to evaluate the impact of environmental disasters on academic achievement and (2) evaluate the impact of the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire (a six-week fire event in Australia).

Methods

Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression was developed to evaluate the impact of the mine fire using easily accessible aggregated school-level data from the standardised National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) test. NAPLAN results and school characteristics (2008–2018) from 69 primary/secondary schools with different levels of mine fire-related smoke exposure were used to estimate the impact of the event. Using an interrupted time series design, the model estimated immediate effects and post-interruption trend differences with full Bayesian statistical inference.

Results

Major academic interruptions across NAPLAN domains were evident in high exposure schools in the year post-mine fire (greatest interruption in Writing: 11.09 [95%CI: 3.16–18.93], lowest interruption in Reading: 8.34 [95%CI: 1.07–15.51]). The interruption was comparable to a four to a five-month delay in educational attainment and had not fully recovered after several years.

Conclusion

Considerable academic delays were found as a result of a mine fire, highlighting the need to provide educational and community-based supports in response to future events. Importantly, this work provides a statistical method using readily available aggregated data to assess the educational impacts in response to other environmental disasters.
Defining paleoclimatic routes and opportunities for hominin dispersals across Iran
Authors: Shoaee Mohammad Javad , Breeze Paul S. , Drake Nick A. , Hashemi Seyyed Milad , Vahdati Nasab Hamed , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Stevens Thomas , Boivin Nicole , Petraglia Michael D.
Published: March 2023

Fossil and archaeological evidence indicates that hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia occurred throughout the Pleistocene, including the expansion of Homo sapiens populations out of Africa. While there is evidence for hominin occupations in the Pleistocene in Iran, as evidenced by the presence of Lower to Upper Paleolithic archaeological sites, the extent to which humid periods facilitated population expansions into western Asia has remained unclear. To test the role of humid periods on hominin dispersals here we assess Paleolithic site distributions and paleoenvironmental records across Iran. We developed the first spatially comprehensive, high-resolution paleohydrological model for Iran in order to assess water availability and its influence on hominin dispersals. We highlight environmentally mediated routes which likely played a key role in Late Pleistocene hominin dispersals, including the expansion of H. sapiens and Neanderthals eastwards into Asia. Our combined analyses indicate that, during MIS 5, there were opportunities for hominins to traverse a northern route through the Alborz and Kopet Dagh Mountains and the Dasht-I Kavir desert owing to the presence of activated fresh water sources. We recognize a new southern route along the Zagros Mountains and extending eastwards towards Pakistan and Afghanistan. We find evidence for a potential northern route during MIS 3, which would have permitted hominin movements and species interactions in Southwest Asia. Between humid periods, these interconnections would have waned, isolating populations in the Zagros and Alborz Mountains, where hominins may have continued to have had access to water.
Therapeutic implications of transcriptomics in head and neck cancer patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Lee Rex H. , Roy Ritu , Li Hua , Hechmer Aaron , Zhu Tian Ran , Izgutdina Adila , Olshen Adam B. , Johnson Daniel E. , Grandis Jennifer R.
Published: March 2023

There are currently no clinical strategies utilizing tumor gene expression to inform therapeutic selection for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). One of the challenges in developing predictive biomarkers is the limited characterization of preclinical HNSCC models. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are increasingly recognized as translationally relevant preclinical avatars for human tumors; however, the overall transcriptomic concordance of HNSCC PDXs with primary human HNSCC is understudied, especially in human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) disease. Here, we characterized 64 HNSCC PDXs (16 HPV+ and 48 HPV-) at the transcriptomic level using RNA-sequencing. The range of human-specific reads per PDX varied from 64.6%-96.5%, with a comparison of the most differentially expressed genes before and after removal of mouse transcripts revealing no significant benefit to filtering out mouse mRNA reads in this cohort. We demonstrate that four previously established HNSCC molecular subtypes found in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) are also clearly recapitulated in HNSCC PDXs. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering yielded a striking natural division of HNSCC PDXs by HPV status, with C19orf57 (BRME1), a gene previously correlated with positive response to cisplatin in cervical cancer, among the most significantly differentially expressed genes between HPV+ and HPV- PDXs. In vivo experiments demonstrated a possible relationship between increased C19orf57 expression and superior anti-tumor responses of PDXs to cisplatin, which should be investigated further. These findings highlight the value of PDXs as models for HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC, providing a resource for future discovery of predictive biomarkers to guide treatment selection in HNSCC.
Parkinsonian phenotypes induced by Synphilin-1 expression are differentially contributed by serotonergic and dopaminergic circuits and suppressed by nicotine treatment
Authors: Carvajal-Oliveros Angel , Dominguez-Baleón Carmen , Sánchez-Díaz Iván , Zambrano-Tipan Diego , Hernández-Vargas René , Campusano Jorge M. , Narváez-Padilla Verónica , Reynaud Enrique
Published: March 2023

Synphilin-1 is a protein encoded by the human SNCAIP gene whose function has yet to be fully understood. However, it has been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Synphilin-1 is a major component of the Lewy bodies found in neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of PD patients. Synphilin-1 expression in serotonergic and/or dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila melanogaster induces neurodegeneration, as well as motor and non-motor PD like symptoms. In this work, we examined the contribution of the serotonergic and dopaminergic circuits in the development of PD-like phenotypes. We found that olfactory and visual symptoms are majorly contributed by the serotonergic system, and that motor symptoms and reduction in survival are mainly contributed by the dopaminergic system. Chronic nicotine treatment was able to suppress several of these symptoms. These results indicate that both the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems contribute to different aspects of PD symptomatology and that nicotine has beneficial effects on specific symptoms.
Virus transmission via honey bee prey and potential impact on cocoon-building in labyrinth spiders (Agelena labyrinthica)
Authors: Schläppi Daniel , Chejanovsky Nor , Yañez Orlando , Neumann Peter
Published: March 2023

Interspecies transmission of RNA viruses is a major concern for human and animal health. However, host-range, transmission routes and especially the possible impact of these viruses on alternative hosts are often poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the labyrinth spider, Agelena labyrinthica, as a potential alternative host of viruses commonly known from western honey bees, Apis mellifera. Field-collected spiders were screened for Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Black queen cell virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, Deformed wing virus type A and B (DWV-B), Israeli acute paralysis virus, Lake Sinai virus and Sacbrood virus. In a laboratory experiment, labyrinth spiders were fed with ABPV and DWV-B infected honey bees or virus free control food. Our results show that natural infections of A. labyrinthica with these viruses are common in the field, as 62.5% of the samples were positive for at least one virus, supporting their wide host range. For DWV-B, the laboratory data indicate that foodborne transmission occurs and that high virus titres may reduce cocoon building, which would be the first report of clinical symptoms of DWV in Araneae. Since cocoons are tokens of fitness, virus transmission from honey bees might affect spider populations, which would constitute a concern for nature conservation.
The institutional origins of vaccines distrust: Evidence from former-Soviet countries
Authors: Costa-Font Joan , Garcia-Hombrados Jorge , Nicińska Anna
Published: March 2023

How is vaccines scepticism related to the exposure to Soviet communism? Using individual level evidence on vaccine trust with regards to its efficiency and safety in 122 countries that differ in their exposure to communism, we document that past exposure to Soviet communism is associated with lower trust in vaccination. We show that exposure to socio-political regimes can negatively affect trust in vaccines, which is explained by weak trust in both government and medical advice from doctors as well as in people from the neighbourhood. These results suggest that roots of vaccine scepticism lie in a wider distrust in public and state institutions resulting from the exposure to Soviet communism.
The level of adherence to best-practice guidelines by interprofessional teams with and without acute care nurse practitioners in cardiac surgery: A study protocol
Authors: Audet Li-Anne , Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie , Tchouaket Éric , Kilpatrick Kelley
Published: March 2023

Background

Acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) in postoperative cardiac surgery settings provide significant benefits to patients and organizations. Recent studies have suggested that ACNPs increase the level of adherence to best-practice guidelines by interprofessional teams. It is however, unknown whether interprofessional teams with ACNP are associated with higher levels of adherence to best-practice guidelines compared to interprofessional teams without ACNPs. Furthermore, no extraction tool is available to measure the level of adherence to best-practice guidelines by interprofessional teams in postoperative cardiac surgery settings. This project aims to measure and examine the level of adherence to best-practice guidelines of interprofessional teams with and without ACNPs in a postoperative cardiac surgery setting in Québec, Canada.

Methods

A retrospective observational study will be conducted of 300 patients hospitalized between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 in a postoperative cardiac surgery unit in Québec, Canada. Data will be collected from patient health records and electronic databases. An extraction tool will be developed based on systematic review of the literature, and will include best-practice guidelines and confounding variables related to patient and interprofessional teams’ characteristics. Content and criterion validation, and a pilot-test will be conducted for the development of the tool. A multivariate linear regression model will be developed and adjusted for confounding variables to examine the association between interprofessional teams with and without ACNPs, and level of adherence to best-practice guidelines by those teams.

Discussion

This project represents the first study to measure and examine the level of adherence to best-practice guidelines by interprofessional teams with and without ACNPs in a postoperative cardiac surgery setting. The findings of this project will generate empirical data focusing on the contribution of ACNPs within interprofessional teams, and ultimately enhance the delivery of high quality and evidence-based care for patients and families.
A decade of journalism and media studies from a practical and applied perspective
Authors: Barkho Leon , Lugo-Ocando Jairo
Published: March 2023

The Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies celebrates a decade of disseminating original research that advances the understanding of journalism and media studies from a practical and applied perspective – not only for academics, but also to journalists, media practitioners, media owners and scholars. Our role continues to foster dialogue and exchange while underpinning academic collaboration and thus this edition brings together groundbreaking works from across different regions, providing a convergence point for both North and South dialogue and exchanges.
Trauma, queer sexuality and symbolic storytelling in Joachim Trier’s Thelma
Authors: Laine Tarja
Published: March 2023

This article analyses Joachim Trier’s Thelma () through the concept of trauma, brought on by the title character’s perception of her sexuality as ‘deviant’ and reinforced by her rigidly religious parents’ efforts to tame it by force. Their symbolic enactment of bad parenting manifests itself in a form of Foucauldian biopower on the father’s part and as a Kristevan monstrous-feminine attitude on the mother’s. To heal from trauma, Thelma must free herself from parental control. By focalizing the narrative through Thelma’s mental subjectivity and with religious and supernatural imagery, the film expresses this process symbolically rather than figuratively.
From Genocide to Ecocide. Essentials of a new category of international crime against humanity
Authors: Nowak Ewa
Published: February 2023

The recent legislative initiative for the adoption of an amendment to the Rome Statute on ecocide as a new category of crime against humankind has an impressive normative background in the classical doctrine of international criminal law pioneered by Raphael Lemkin, in the prescriptions of the ethics, and in the discourse of an international community aware that the protection of the totality of life together with the ecosphere is currently the most urgent priority. Between 2019 and 2021, the Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide at the European Parliament developed a legal definition of ecocide. In the following article, I discuss 1) the nexus between genocide and ecocide, 2) the prescriptions of the ethics of responsibility for the future of all life on earth, further justifying the need to prosecute the perpetrators of ecocide, 3) specificities of ecocide as a comprehensive and expectedly effective category of international criminal law in comparison to the human right "to" a healthy and legally protected environment and in comparison to constitutional ecocentric rights, as more declarative but less effective. When adopted into the Rome Statute, the new category of crimes against humankind may equip the International Criminal Court in The Hague with an effective legal tool to prosecute perpetrators of ecocides.
European Union as an International Actor: Peace and Security in Narratives and Practices
Authors: Freire Maria Raquel , Nascimento Daniela
Published: March 2023

This volume analyses the European Union as an international actor, focusing on its role in peace and security. In an international context where the challenges to peace and security are diverse, including the current context of war in Ukraine, this volume theoretically contextualizes the EU in peace and security studies, explores the institutional dimension of its functioning, and interprets the narratives and policies this actor pursues. A set of illustrative case studies seeks to reflect on the dynamics of peace and security within the framework of the EU and its actions/interventions, such as in the Eastern Partnership or in relations with Russia, and in contexts such as growing disinformation or through its presence on a mission on the ground.
Addressing Online Violence Against Women and Girls in the Commonwealth Caribbean and the Americas: The Role of Bystanders
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this report is to map the prevalence of online violence against women and girls, with a particular focus on so-called innocent bystanders and the state of laws, institutions, policies and practices within the Caribbean and Americas region of the Commonwealth (Canada).

Cyberviolence against women and girls in the Commonwealth countries of the Caribbean and Americas (Canada) is recognised as a serious problem, and measures are being taken to address it. The prevalence of cyberviolence in terms of its root causes and impacts is gender based, with a disproportionate impact on females and marginalised individuals where there is also intersectionality of race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, poverty, disability and other socioeconomic factors. Similar types of violence against women and girls often occur in both offline and online spheres or originate in one sphere and carried through into the other. In the most serious cases, cyberviolence can lead to physical assaults and even suicide.
Lama Pemberian Air Susu Ibu pada Bayi Kurang Bulan dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi
Authors: Wibowo Tunjung , Anggraini Alifah , Safrida Elysa Nur , Wandita Setya , Haksari Ekawaty Lutfia
Published: March 2023

Latar belakang. Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan nutrisi yang penting untuk bayi kurang bulan. Pemberian ASI pada bayi kurang bulan mempunyai banyak kendala yang akan memengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI. Tujuan. Mengetahui durasi pemberian ASI pada bayi yang lahir kurang bulan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhiMetode. Rancang bangun penelitian adalah potong lintang. Data diambil dari registri bayi kurang bulan yang dirawat di bangsal Perinatologi RSUP Dr. Sardjito, yang lahir antara 1 Januari 2018 – Desember 2018. Bayi yang tidak mendapatkan ASI karena alasan medis, misal ibu menderita HIV, ibu mendapatkan kemoterapi atau karena ibu meninggal dunia dikeluarkan dari penelitian ini. Analisis simple dan multiple linear regression dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel bebas terhadap lama pemberian ASI. Hasil. Sebanyak 79 bayi kurang bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi direkrut ke dalam penelitian. Rerata ± SD lama pemberian ASI pada bayi kurang bulan adalah 10,8±8,1 bulan dengan median 7 bulan. Bayi yang mendapatkan ASI sampai usia 2 bulan adalah 96,2%, usia 4 bulan 89,9%, 6 bulan 81%, 8 bulan 45,6 %, 10 bulan 34,2%. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang secara independent terbukti bermakna memengaruhi lama menyusui adalah usia pertama kali bayi diberikan susu formula (?=0,66; p=<0,001) dengan adjusted R2= 0,34.Kesimpulan. Waktu pertama kali diberikan susu formula memengaruhi lama pemberian ASI. Semakin akhir pemberian susu formula akan semakin lama pemberian ASI.
Pengaruh Stimulasi Oromotor dalam Memperbaiki Refleks Isap Bayi Prematur
Authors: Juliawan Nadya Gratia , Kristianto Alexander Kelvyn , Apriastini Ni Komang Tri
Published: March 2023

Latar belakang. Masalah menyusu sering kali ditemukan pada bayi prematur akibat refleks isap dan menelan yang belum berkembang dengan sempurna. Intervensi berupa stimulasi oromotor diberikan dengan harapan dapat membantu perkembangan refleks isap dan menelan bayi prematur. Namun begitu, peran dan efektivitas stimulasi ini harus dievaluasi lebih lanjut.Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian stimulasi oromotor terhadap perbaikan refleks isap bayi prematur (parameter. kemampuan/efisiensi menyusu, waktu yang transisi yang diperlukan untuk berhasil minum susu per oral sepenuhnya, kenaikan berat badan, lamanya waktu rawat inap)Metode. Penelusuran studi melalui database elektronik yang mencakup Cochrane, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect dengan strategi pencarian literatur (“oral stimulation” OR “oral motor” OR “oral motor stimulation”) AND (“preterm infant” OR “premature” OR “preterm”)Hasil. Melalui penelusuran literatur didapatkan 6 artikel terpilih untuk dilakukan telaah kritis. Sebagian besar studi menemukan pemberian stimulasi oromotor secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan/efektivitas menyusu bayi prematur, serta mempersingkat waktu transisi yang diperlukan untuk berhasil menyusu secara per oral. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam aspek durasi rawat inap dan kenaikan berat badan antara bayi yang diberikan stimulasi dan yang tidak diberikan stimulasi.Kesimpulan. Stimulasi oromotor bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan/efektivitas menyusu bayi prematur, dan mempersingkat durasi transisi dari minum susu melalui selang orogastrik menjadi per oral.
Classification of fruits ripeness using CNN with multivariate analysis by SGD
Authors: Sumathi K. , Vinod Viji
Published: March 2023

Ripeness estimation of fruits is an essential process that impact the quality of fruits and its marketing. Nearly 30% to 35% get wasted from the harvested fruits due to lack of skilled workers in classification and fruit grading. Although it can be executed by human assessment, it is time consuming, costlier and error prone. Lot of research is carried to automate the quality assessment of fruits. Several hyper-parameters have been considered which have liven up by providing robust convolutional neural network (CNN). This paper has focused on image resizer stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm for computing the loss. It updates the parameter by concentrating channels with respect to red, green, and blue (RGB) to identify and classify the images as ripen and rotten. The real time dataset (6702 images) of oranges, papaya and banana is collected. Using SGD optimizer, learning rate of 0.01 and nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm as resizer, the proposed model has achieved accuracy rate of 96.56% after 38 epochs in classifying the fruits as ripen and rotten. It is also observed that it is possible to use small dataset on visual geometry group with 16 layer (VGG) with the above specification and good accuracy rate can be achieved.