bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive WLAN Interference Mitigation Scheme for ZigBee Sensor Networks
Authors: Chong Jo Woon , Cho Chae Ho , Hwang Ho Young , Sung Dan Keun
Published: August 2015

We propose an adaptive interference avoidance scheme that enhances the performance of ZigBee networks by adapting ZigBees' transmissions to measured wireless local area network (WLAN) interference. Our proposed algorithm is based on a stochastic analysis of ZigBee operation that is interfered with by WLAN transmission, given ZigBee and WLAN channels are overlaid in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. We assume that WLAN devices have higher transmission power than ZigBee devices. Then, the high transmission power of WLAN devices causes the capture effect when WLAN and ZigBee transmit simultaneously. On the other hand, ZigBee performs backoff during clear channel assessment (CCA) operation if the WLAN is transmitting its frames on the channel. We adopt a widely used WLAN queueing/transmission model that is based on a Markov chain concept. We model a ZigBee device's operation using the Markov chain that includes WLAN interference statistically derived from the WLAN queueing/transmission model. Our proposed algorithm is evaluated in a simulated ZigBee network in the presence of varying WLAN interference. Numerical results show that our WLAN interference mitigation scheme finds the ZigBee control parameters, among a candidate set, which enhances ZigBee network performance compared to the conventional ZigBee operation.
A New Grünwald-Letnikov Derivative Derived from a Second-Order Scheme
Authors: Jacobs B. A.
Published: August 2015

A novel derivation of a second-order accurate Grünwald-Letnikov-type approximation to the fractional derivative of a function is presented. This scheme is shown to be second-order accurate under certain modifications to account for poor accuracy in approximating the asymptotic behavior near the lower limit of differentiation. Some example functions are chosen and numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this new method over some other popular choices for discretizing fractional derivatives.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices among Paediatricians in Private Sector, Mumbai
Authors: Tauro Carolyn Kavita , Gawde Nilesh Chandrakant
Published: August 2015

Majority of children with tuberculosis are treated in private sector in India with no available data on management practices. The study assessed diagnostic and treatment practices related to childhood pulmonary tuberculosis among paediatricians in Mumbai’s private sector in comparison with International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) 2009. In this cross-sectional study, 64 paediatricians from private sector filled self-administered questionnaires. Cough was reported as a symptom of childhood TB by 77.8% of respondents. 38.1% request sputum smear or culture for diagnosis and fewer (32.8%) use it for patients positive on chest radiographs and 32.8% induce sputum for those unable to produce it. Sputum negative TB suspect is always tested with X-ray or tuberculin skin test. 61.4% prescribe regimen as recommended in ISTC and all monitor progress to treatment clinically. Drug-resistance at beginning of treatment is suspected for child in contact with a drug-resistant patient (67.7%) and with prior history of antitubercular treatment (12.9%). About half of them (48%) request drug-resistance test for rifampicin in case of nonresponse after two to three months of therapy and regimen prescribed by 41.7% for multidrug-resistant TB was as per ISTC. The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood pulmonary TB among paediatricians in private sector.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer–Specific Survival
Authors: Szulkin Robert , Karlsson Robert , Whitington Thomas , Aly Markus , Gronberg Henrik , Eeles Rosalind A. , Easton Douglas F. , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Al Olama Ali Amin , Benlloch Sara , Muir Kenneth , Giles Graham G. , Southey Melissa C. , FitzGerald Liesel M. , Henderson Brian E. , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Sipeky Csilla , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. , Neal David E. , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Pashayan Nora , Khaw Kay-Tee , Stanford Janet L. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Schaid Daniel J. , Maier Christiane , Vogel Walther , Luedeke Manuel , Herkommer Kathleen , Kibel Adam S. , Cybulski Cezary , Lubiński Jan , Kluźniak Wojciech , Cannon-Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , Herrmann Volker , Holleczek Bernd , Park Jong Y. , Sellers Thomas A. , Lim Hui-Yi , Slavov Chavdar , Kaneva Radka P. , Mitev Vanio I. , Spurdle Amanda , Teixeira Manuel R. , Paulo Paula , Maia Sofia , Pandha Hardev , Michael Agnieszka , Kierzek Andrzej ,   on behalf of the PRACTICAL consortium, Batra Jyotsna , Clements Judith A. ,   on behalf of the Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Albanes Demetrius , Andriole Gerald L. , Berndt Sonja I. , Chanock Stephen , Gapstur Susan M. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Hunter David J. , Kraft Peter , Le Marchand Loic , Ma Jing , Mondul Alison M. , Penney Kathryn L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Stevens Victoria L. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas H. , Tjønneland Anne , Cox David G. ,   on behalf of the BPC3 consortium, Maehle Lovise , Schleutker Johanna , Lindström Sara , Wiklund Fredrik
Published: August 2015

Background: Unnecessary intervention and overtreatment of indolent disease are common challenges in clinical management of prostate cancer. Improved tools to distinguish lethal from indolent disease are critical.

Methods: We performed a genome-wide survival analysis of cause-specific death in 24,023 prostate cancer patients (3,513 disease-specific deaths) from the PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. Top findings were assessed for replication in a Norwegian cohort (CONOR).

Results: We observed no significant association between genetic variants and prostate cancer survival.

Conclusions: Common genetic variants with large impact on prostate cancer survival were not observed in this study.

Impact: Future studies should be designed for identification of rare variants with large effect sizes or common variants with small effect sizes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1796–800. ©2015 AACR.
Copy Number Changes Are Associated with Response to Treatment with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Sorafenib in Melanoma
Authors: Wilson Melissa A. , Zhao Fengmin , Khare Sanika , Roszik Jason , Woodman Scott E. , D'Andrea Kurt , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Rimm David L. , Kirkwood John M. , Kluger Harriet M. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Lee Sandra J. , Flaherty Keith T. , Nathanson Katherine L.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: Copy number alterations have been shown to be involved in melanoma pathogenesis. The randomized phase III clinical trial E2603: carboplatin, paclitaxel, ± sorafenib (CP vs. CPS) offers a large collection of tumor samples to evaluate association of somatic mutations, genomic alterations, and clinical outcomes, prior to current FDA-approved therapies.

Experimental Design: Copy number and mutational analysis on 119 pretreatment samples was performed.

Results: CPS therapy was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with CP in patients with tumors with RAF1 (cRAF) gene copy gains (HR, 0.372; P = 0.025) or CCND1 gene copy gains (HR, 0.45; P = 0.035). CPS therapy was associated with improved overall survival (OS) compared with CP in patients with tumors with KRAS gene copy gains (HR, 0.25; P = 0.035). BRAF gene copy gain and MET amplification were more common in samples with V600K versus V600E mutations (P < 0.001), which was validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset.

Conclusions: We observed improved treatment response with CPS in patients with melanoma whose tumors have RAF1 (cRAF), KRAS, or CCND1 amplification, all of which can be attributed to sorafenib targeting CRAF. These genomic alterations should be incorporated in future studies for evaluation as biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 374–82. ©2015 AACR.
PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation
Authors: Joseph Richard W. , Millis Sherri Z. , Carballido Estrella M. , Bryant David , Gatalica Zoran , Reddy Sandeep , Bryce Alan H. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Stanton Melissa L. , Castle Erik P. , Ho Thai H.
Published: August 2015

Monoclonal antibodies that target the programmed death-1 (PD-1)–programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis have antitumor activity against multiple cancers. The presence of sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with resistance to targeted therapy and poor responses to IL2 immunotherapy. Given the aggressive nature of RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation and the exclusion of sarcomatoid histology from metastatic RCC clinical trials, less is understood regarding selection of therapies. Here, we characterized the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. We directly compared two PD-L1 antibodies and found concordance of PD-L1 positivity in 89% of tested RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation. Coexpression of PD-L1 on neoplastic cells and the presence of PD-1–positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were identified in 50% (13 of 26) of RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation. In contrast, only 1 of 29 clear cell RCCs (3%) had concurrent expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 (P = 0.002). Our study suggests that RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation may express PD-1/PD-L1 at a higher percentage than RCC without sarcomatoid differentiation, and patients with these tumors may be good candidates for treatment with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1303–7. ©2015 AACR.
Cyclic GMP in Vascular Relaxation
Authors: Krawutschke Christian , Koesling Doris , Russwurm Michael
Published: August 2015

Objective—

In the vascular system, cyclic GMP (cGMP) in smooth muscle cells plays an important role for blood vessel relaxation. Intracellular concentrations of cGMP are thought to be determined by the action of cGMP-generating guanylyl cyclases (sensitive to nitric oxide or natriuretic peptides) and cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterases (PDE1, PDE3, and PDE5). Because functionally relevant cGMP elevations are not accessible to conventional methods, we applied real-time imaging with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cGMP indicator to follow nitric oxide– and natriuretic peptide–induced cGMP signals in living smooth muscle cells and analyzed the contribution of the miscellaneous cGMP-generating and cGMP-degrading enzymes.

Approach and Results—

By comparison of cGMP signals in living smooth muscle cells and vascular relaxation of aortic strips in organ bath experiments, we show for the first time that FRET-based cGMP indicators permit the measurement of functionally relevant cGMP signals. PDE5 was the major cGMP phosphodiesterase responsible for reducing nitric oxide– and natriuretic peptide–induced cGMP signals. In contrast, PDE3—involved in the degradation of lower cGMP concentrations—displayed a preference for natriuretic peptide–stimulated cGMP. Unexpectedly, we found that cGMP is transported out of the cells by the ABC transporter multidrug resistance–associated protein 4 and this export turned out to be of similar importance for intracellular cGMP signals as degradation by PDE5. Functionally, inhibition of cGMP export enhanced vascular relaxation as much as inhibition of PDE5.

Conclusions—

The findings indicate that cGMP export out of smooth muscle cells is a key player in the regulation of smooth muscle cGMP signals and blood vessel relaxation.
Association of Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Acute Infarction in Patients With Basilar Artery Plaque
Authors: Yu Jin Hee , Kwak Hyo Sung , Chung Gyung Ho , Hwang Seung Bae , Park Mi Sung , Park Seong Hoon
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is ideal for serial examination of diseased arterial walls because it is noninvasive and has superior capability of discriminating tissue characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical relevance of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in patients with basilar artery (BA) atherosclerosis using HRMRI.

Methods—

We analyzed HRMRI and clinical data from 74 patients (45 symptomatic and 29 asymptomatic), all of whom had >50% BA stenosis. High-signal intensity within a BA plaque on magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo was defined as an area with an intensity that was >150% of the signal from the adjacent muscle. The relationship between IPH within a BA plaque region and clinical presentation was analyzed.

Results—

Thirty patients were positive for IPH on HRMRI (42.3%, 24 symptomatic and 6 asymptomatic). Symptomatic lesions in the MR-positive IPH group were significantly more prevalent than in the MR-negative group (80.0% versus 48.8%;
P
<0.01). Also, MR-predicted IPH was significantly more prevalent in the high-grade stenosis group (
P
<0.001) than in the low-grade group. The relative risk of an acute focal stroke event among patients who were magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo–positive for IPH compared with patients who were magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo–negative was 1.64.

Conclusions––

IPH within a BA plaque region on HRMRI is highly prevalent and is associated with acute stroke.
PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody Treats Ischemic Stroke by Controlling Central Nervous System Inflammation
Authors: Bodhankar Sheetal , Chen Yingxin , Lapato Andrew , Dotson Abby L. , Wang Jianming , Vandenbark Arthur A. , Saugstad Julie A. , Offner Halina
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Both pathogenic and regulatory immune processes are involved in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of experimental stroke, including interactions involving the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its 2 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Although PD-1 reduced stroke severity, PD-L1 and PD-L2 appeared to play pathogenic roles, suggesting the use of anti-PD-L monoclonal antibody therapy for MCAO.

Methods—

Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single dose of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody 4 hours after MCAO and evaluated for clinical, histological and immunologic changes after 96 hours of reperfusion.

Results—

Blockade of the PD-L1 checkpoint using a single injection of 200 μg anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody given intravenously 4 hours after occlusion significantly reduced MCAO infarct volumes and improved neurological outcomes after 96 hours of reperfusion. Treatment partially reversed splenic atrophy and decreased central nervous system infiltrating immune cells concomitant with enhanced appearance of CD8
+
regulatory T cells in the lesioned central nervous system hemisphere.

Conclusions—

This study demonstrates for the first time the beneficial therapeutic effects of PD-L1 checkpoint blockade on MCAO, thus validating proposed mechanisms obtained in our previous studies using PD-1- and PD-L-deficient mice. These results provide strong support for the use of available humanized anti-PD-L1 antibodies for treatment of human stroke subjects.
Islamic Attitudes towards Environmental Problems and Practices
Authors: Ahmad Azman
Published: August 2015

Brunei Darussalam is rich in natural resources, including fossil fuels and biodiversity, which it uses to develop its economy, while at the same time, conserve them in order to ensure that it maintains a clean and green environment. However, as a developing Islamic nation, Brunei Darussalam cannot escape from creating an undesirable change to its environment. Pollution is considered to be one of the most critical problems facing the environment today. Haze and solid waste are among the most prominent kinds of pollution in the country. The paper will look into the attitudes of the largely-Muslim society in Brunei Darussalam on environmental pollution, and their knowledge and behaviour regarding this issue. Finally, the paper attempts to explain what seems to be uncaring attitude and behaviour among Muslims in Brunei Darussalam towards environmental issues.
The systematic position of Gradsteinia andicola Ochyra (Donrichardsiaceae, Bryopsida) : evidence from nrDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences

Authors: Stech Michael , Frahm Jan-Peter
Published: August 2015

Nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1/2 sequences of the Colombian endemic Gradsteinia andicola were determined and compared with those of 16 other species of the Hypnales (Amblystegiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Hypnaceae, Plagiotheciaceae and Rhytidiaceae). In a maximum parsimony tree Gradsteinia andicola belongs to a well supported clade consisting of Amblystegium, Cratoneuron, Cratoneuropsis, Hypnobartlettia and Palustriella, and seems to be closely related to Cratoneuropsis relaxa from New Zealand. Gradsteinia andicola is therefore transferred to Amblystegiaceae, but the genus Gradsteinia is maintained. The systematic relationship of Amblystegiaceae and Donrichardsiaceae is discussed.
New combinations in the genera Atractylocarpus and Metzleria

Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter
Published: August 2015

The type species of Atractylocarpus has revealed to be a species of a genus which was later introduced as Camylopodiella. To avoid taxonomic confusions, it was proposed to keep the current use of Atractylocarpus and Campylopodiella by amending the genus Atractylocarpus. This proposal was rejected by the ICBN committee. Therefore the valid genus for all species so far comprised in Atractylocarpus is Metzleria and all species so far included in Campylopodiella must be transferred to Atractylocarpus. Accoringly, all necessary new combinations are introduced here: Atractylocarpus himalayanus (Broth.) J.-P. Frahm , Atractylocarpus malagensis (Herz.) J.-P. Frahm Metzleria comosa (Dix.) J.-P. Frahm, Metzleria madagascariensis (Thér.) J.-P. Frahm, Metzleria nana (Williams) J.-P. Frahm, Metzleria patagonica (Herz. et Thér.) J.-P. Frahm.
Occurrence of the neotropical moss Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt. in the Antarctic

Authors: Ochyra Ryszard , Bednarek-Ochyra Halina , Arts Theo , Smith Ronald I. Lewis
Published: August 2015

Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt., a pan-neotropical moss species, is reported for the first time from the Antarctic botanical zone. It was found on geothermally heated ground near fumaroles on Visokoi, Candlemas and Bellingshausen Islands in the volcanic archipelago of the South Sandwich Islands. Dicranella recurvata Ochyra, Arts & Lewis-Smith, nom. nud., is reduced to synonymy with D. hilariana. The Antarctic plants of D. hilariana are briefly described and illustrated, including the rhizoidal tubers which have not previously been reported in this species. The global distribution of D. hilariana is briefly reviewed and mapped. It is suggested that the species reached the Antarctic via long-distance dispersal from South America by the prevailing strong westerly winds.
Some New Additions to the Hepatic Flora (Jungermanniophyta) for the State of Bahia, Brazil.

Authors: Bastos Cid José Passos , Bôas-Bastos Silvana B. Vilas
Published: August 2015

In this paper are recorded 18 taxa of hepatics (Jungermanniophyta) for the first time for the state of Bahia, Brazil. Of these, Harpalejeunea ovata (Hook.) Schiffn. is new for Brazil. Morphological characters, notes on habitat and substrate are given for each species. Illustrations for Harpalejeunea ovata, Pycnolejeunea callosa (Lindenb.) Steph., Pycnolejeunea macroloba (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn., Rectolejeunea berteroana (Gott. ex Steph.) Evans and Trachylejeunea crenata (Mont. & Nees) Schust. are given.
Adaptations of lowland jungle mosses to anthropogenic environments in Guyana

Authors: Kuc Marian
Published: August 2015

Sixteen lowland jungle mosses growing in anthropogenic habitats at Santa and The Bell - Ituni localities on the Demerara River in Guyana were examined in detail with the aim of detecting any features which would indicate their adaptations to new habitats. Amounts of chlorophyll in leaf cells, protective coloration, alterations in leaf morphology, characteristics of old stems, rhizoid tomentum and fertility are considered as the most pronounced adaptive features of these species to new localities. The ecology, general appearance and morpho-anatomical changes of specimens from anthropogenic habitats were observed and compared with their equivalents from habitats occurring in the closest natural environments. No one species grows or has local centers of occurrence only in anthropogenic habitats. Generally, invasion of lowland jungle mosses into anthropogenic environments is considered as difficult, slow and limited.
Cercis usnadzei, a new replacement name for Cercis kryshtofovichii Usnadze (fossil Fabaceae)
Authors: Lin Yan-Xiang , Wong William Oki
Published: August 2015

A new replacement name, i.e., Cercis usnadzei Y.X.Lin & W.O.Wong, nom. nov. (fossil Fabaceae), is proposed here to supersede the later homonym C. kryshtofovichii Usnadze (1971) of C. kryshtofovichii Kornilova (1960). C. usnadzei should be only used for the leaf fossils, which have been reported from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene of Central Eurasia. An emended description of C. usnadzei is given here.
Xestioplexia gen. n. with the description of a new species from China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: GYULAI PETER , RONKAY LÁSZLÓ , SALDAITIS AIDAS
Published: August 2015

The taxonomic interpretation of the phyletic lineages of the Xestia s.l. generic complex is an evergreen problem of the noctuid workers. This very rich and diverse clade includes several clearly separable species-groups the relegation of which has been frequently changed during the last decades. Actually, the lumping trend dominates and the major lineages are all amalgamated into the common and giant genus Xestia Hübner, 1818 counting more than 300 species, which are placed in a number of subgenera. One of these subgenera is Pachnobia Guenée, 1852 which comprises, besides others, the species formerly placed into the genera/subgenera Pachnobia, Anomogyna Staudinger, Schoyenia Aurivillius, and Hyptioxesta Rebel.
Host plants of Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan include Rhododendron (Ericaceae)
Authors: SHINOHARA Akihiko , HARA HIDEHO , PROUS MARKO
Published: August 2015

New host plant records are given for six Empria species from Japan. They are Rosa multiflora [Rosaceae] for E. honshuana Prous & Heidemaa, 2011, Rubus sp. [Rosaceae] for E. japonica Heidemaa & Prous, 2011, Geum japonicum and G. calthifolium var. nipponicum [Rosaceae] for E. loktini Ermolenko, 1971, Rosa multiflora, Potentilla indica and probably Rubus parvifolius [Rosaceae] for E. quadrimaculata Takeuchi, 1952, Rhododendron molle subsp. japonicum [Ericaceae] for E. takeuchii Prous & Heidemaa, 2011, and Geum japonicum and Filipendula camtschatica [Rosaceae] for E. tridentis Lee & Ryu, 1996. This is the first record of Ericaceae as a host plant of Empria. The mode of host shifts in the evolution of Empria is inferred by using a phylogenetic hypothesis proposed by Prous et al. (2011a).
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Milandanielia intermedia (Feider, 1950) (Trombidiformes: Microtrombidiidae) with data on its biology and ecology
Authors: FELSKA MAGDALENA , MĄKOL JOANNA
Published: August 2015

Milandanielia intermedia (Feider, 1950) is re-described. A female from which larvae were obtained by experimental rearing is designated as neotype. Verified diagnoses of active life instars are supplemented with data on habitat preferences, phenology and life cycle. Molecular identification of the species based on its COI sequence is provided.
New species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) from Northeast Region, Brazil
Authors: VILARINO ALBANE , CALOR ADOLFO R.
Published: August 2015

Three new species of Polycentropodidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Northeast Region of Brazil are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. Polycentropus brevicornutus n. sp. of the Polycentropus gertschi Group can be diagnosed mainly by its much reduced, almost vestigial intermediate appendages, and by the inferior appendages, which are deltoid and very linear in lateral aspect. The two new species of Polyplectropus are P. anchorus n. sp. and P. auriplicatus n. sp. in the P. annulicornis and P. bredini Groups, respectively. Polyplectropus anchorus n. sp. is very similar to P. annulicornis Ulmer 1905, but can be distinguished from its congener mainly by the endothecal spines without setae and with their apices directed dorsolaterad. Polyplectropus auriplicatus n. sp. resembles P. brasilensis but can be distinguished mainly by the shorter and deltoid intermediate appendages, the straighter dorsolateral processes of the preanal appendages, and the inferior appendages each with its mesoventral branch more developed and rounded.
An Ensemble Approach to Investigate Tropical Cyclone Intensification in Sheared Environments. Part I: Katia (2011)
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Torn Ryan D. , Davis Christopher A.
Published: August 2015

The mechanisms responsible for tropical cyclone (TC) intensification in the presence of moderate vertical shear magnitudes are not well understood. To investigate how TCs intensify in spite of moderate shear, this study employed a 96-member ensemble generated with the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (AHW) Model. In this first part, AHW ensemble forecasts for TC Katia (2011) were evaluated when Katia was a weak tropical storm in an environment of 12 m s−1 easterly shear. The 5-day AHW forecasts for Katia were characterized by large variability in the intensity, presenting an opportunity to compare the underlying mechanisms between two subsets of members that predicted different intensity scenarios: intensification and weakening. The key difference between these two subsets was found in the lower-tropospheric moisture north of Katia (i.e., right-of-shear quadrant). With more water vapor in the lower troposphere, buoyant updrafts helped to moisten the midtroposphere and enhanced the likelihood of deep and organized convection in the subset that predicted intensification. This finding was validated with a vorticity budget, which showed that deep cyclonic vortex stretching and tilting contributed to spinning up the circulation after the midtroposphere had moistened. Sensitivity experiments, in which the initial conditions were perturbed, also demonstrated the importance of lower-tropospheric moisture, which suggests that moisture observations may help reduce uncertainty in forecasts of weak, sheared tropical storms.
Nonlinear Zonal Wind Response to ENSO in the CMIP5 Models: Roles of the Zonal and Meridional Shift of the ITCZ/SPCZ and the Simulated Climatological Precipitation*
Authors: Choi Kit-Yan , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Wittenberg Andrew T.
Published: August 2015

The observed equatorial Pacific zonal wind response during El Niño tends to be stronger than during La Niña. Most global coupled climate models in phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) exhibit such nonlinearity, although weaker than observed. The wind response nonlinearity can be reproduced by driving a linear shallow water atmospheric model with a model’s or the observed precipitation anomalies, which can be decomposed into two main components: the zonal and meridional redistribution of the climatological precipitation. Both redistributions contribute comparably to the total rainfall anomalies, whereas the zonal redistribution plays the dominant role in the zonal wind response. The meridional redistribution component plays an indirect role in the nonlinear wind response by limiting the zonal redistribution during La Niña and thus enhancing the nonlinearity in the wind response significantly. During La Niña, the poleward movement of the ITCZ/SPCZ reduces the equatorial zonal-mean precipitation available for the zonal redistribution and its resulting zonal wind response. Conversely, during El Niño, the equatorward movement of the ITCZ and SPCZ do not limit the zonal redistribution of precipitation. The linear equatorial zonal wind response to ENSO is found to have a significant linear correlation with the equatorial central Pacific climatological precipitation and SST among the CMIP5 models. However, no linear correlation is found between the nonlinear equatorial zonal wind response and the climatological precipitation.
Targeting Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Birkeland A.C. , Owen J.H. , Prince M.E.
Published: August 2015

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor-initiating cells, comprise a subset of tumor cells with demonstrated ability for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting of CSCs remains an attractive yet elusive therapeutic option, with the goal of increasing specificity and effectiveness in tumor eradication, as well as decreasing off-target or systemic toxicity. Research into further characterization and targeted therapy toward head and neck CSCs is an active and rapidly evolving field. This review discusses the current state of research into therapy against head and neck CSCs and future directions for targeted therapy.
Irritant‐Induced Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder
Authors: Marcinow Anna M. , Thompson Jennifer , Forrest L. Arick , deSilva Brad W.
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To review our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of irritant‐induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (IPVFMD).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐four cases that met IPVFMD criteria and 76 cases of non‐IPVFMD were selected from a database of patients with paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder—the diagnosis of which was made on the basis of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and augmented by an odor challenge. Clinical charts were reviewed to document history of environmental allergies, pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, psychiatric disorder, fibromyalgia, tobacco use, alcohol use, dysphonia, cough, dysphagia, and treatment outcomes.

Results

There were no statistical differences between the IPVFMD and non‐IPVFMD groups. Of the patients who were assigned and attended laryngeal control therapy, 13 (65%) reported improvement of symptoms. Symptom improvement increased to 100% in those patients who attended at least 2 laryngeal control therapy sessions.

Conclusions

IPVFMD should be considered in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms after irritant exposure. Sensitivity of diagnosis can be improved via a standardized approach consisting of a careful history and physical examination, including laryngoscopy in the presence of triggers. Laryngeal control therapy is a well‐tolerated and effective method of managing IPVFMD.
Introduction to Special Collection: Women’s agency at work
Authors: Sayers Janet , Parker Jane , Douglas Julie , Ravenswood Katherine , Cooper Rae
Published: August 2015

This article introduces a Special Collection of four articles that highlight responses by working women collectively and individually to forces accelerated by the recent global crises. It draws out common themes from accounts of African women’s responses to harassment at work, of the links between union representation and pay equity in Brazil and South Africa and of Australian women’s quest for flexible and fair work/family arrangements. From these perspectives, the article sets out a five-point research agenda to help empower women’s collective and individual agency in response to working conditions shaped by global economic and social forces.
Conceptual Scoring of Lexical Organization in Bilingual Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Holmström Ketty , Salameh Eva-Kristina , Nettelbladt Ulrika , Dahlgren-Sandberg Annika
Published: August 2015

The aim was to evaluate conceptual scoring of lexical organization in bilingual children with language impairment (BLI) and to compare BLI performance with monolingual children with language impairment (MLI). Word associations were assessed in 15 BLI and 9 MLI children. BLI were assessed in Arabic and Swedish, MLI in Swedish only. A number of syntagmatic (semantic link, different word class) and paradigmatic associations (semantic link, same word class) were calculated. Arabic and Swedish scores were compared with a conceptual score (total number of concepts from both languages). For BLI, the paradigmatic conceptual score was significantly higher than single language scores, confirming the distribution of lexical knowledge across languages. The BLI group had significantly higher conceptual paradigmatic scores than the MLI group. Conceptual scoring may reduce the over-identification of language impairment (LI) and underestimation of lexical knowledge in bilingual populations.
Intralesional injection treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: a systematic review regarding outcomes
Authors: Trisliana Perdanasari Aurelia , Torresetti Matteo , Grassetti Luca , Nicoli Fabio , Zhang Yi Xin , Dashti Talal , Di Benedetto Giovanni , Lazzeri Davide
Published: August 2015

Background

The aim of this review was to explore the existing body of literature focusing on the intralesional treatments of keloids and hypertrophic scars.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic review of related articles was conducted across multiple databases. Article selection was limited to those published in the English language between 1950 and 2014. Search terms for the on-line research were “scar(s),” “keloid(s),” “hypertrophic,” “injection,” “intralesional,” and “treatment”.

Results

The initial search returned 2548 published articles. After full text review, the final search yielded 11 articles that met inclusion criteria. A total of 14 patient samples in 11 articles were collected. The most frequent intralesional injection treatment studied was triamcinolone (n = 5), followed by bleomycin (n = 3), 5-fluorouracil (n = 2), verapamil (n = 2), cryosurgery, and collagenase. The scar height reduction for all but one study was demonstrated, with acceptable complication and recurrence rate. Only three articles reported a follow-up period longer than 18 months, and only two studies used standardized outcome criteria with a quantitative scale.

Conclusions

Although many treatment options have already been described in the literature, there is no universally accepted treatment resulting in permanent hypertrophic or keloid scar ablation. The lack of adequately long-term powered randomized controlled trials does not permit to establish definitive conclusions with implications for routine clinical practice.

Level of evidence

III/Therapeutic
Potential mechanisms regulating pulmonary pathology in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mateer Sean W , Maltby Steven , Marks Ellen , Foster Paul S , Horvat Jay C , Hansbro Philip M , Keely Simon
Published: August 2015

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a number of comorbidities that arise at extraintestinal sites, including the lung. Pulmonary manifestations reported in inflammatory bowel disease include bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and importantly, a range of subclinical respiratory abnormalities that are often overlooked in routine clinical evaluation. Whereas evidence for the pulmonary manifestations of Inflammatory bowel disease is increasing, little is known about the immunologic and physiologic mechanisms regulating cross-talk between the gut and lung during disease. This review examines reported lung involvement in Inflammatory bowel disease and discusses the possible immune pathways that underlie pulmonary pathologies. These mechanisms include dysfunctional immune-cell homing, systemic inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis; all of which may contribute to Inflammatory bowel disease-induced pulmonary inflammation. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of our current knowledge of the shared mucosal immune system and the immunology of Inflammatory bowel disease.
Essential role of endocytosis for Interleukin-4 receptor mediated JAK/STAT signalling
Authors: Kurgonaite Kristina , Gandhi Hetvi , Kurth Thomas , Pautot Sophie , Schwille Petra , Weidemann Thomas , Bökel Christian
Published: August 2015

Many important signalling cascades operate through specialized signalling endosomes, but a corresponding mechanism has as yet not been described for hematopoietic cytokine receptors. Based on live cell affinity measurements we recently proposed that ligand induced Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex formation and thus JAK/STAT pathway activation requires a local, subcellular increase in receptor density. Here we show that this concentration step is provided by the internalization of IL-4R subunits through a constitutive, Rac1/Pak and actin mediated endocytosis route that causes IL-4R subunits to become enriched by about two orders of magnitude within a population of cortical endosomes. Consistently, ligand induced receptor dimers are preferentially detected within these endosomes. IL-4 signalling can be blocked by pharmacological inhibitors targeting the actin polymerization machinery driving receptor internalization, placing endocytosis unambigously upstream of receptor activation. Together these observations demonstrate a role for endocytosis that is mechanistically distinct from the scaffolding function of signalling endosomes in other pathways.
Electricity Trading and Negative Prices: Storage vs. Disposal
Authors: Zhou Yangfang (Helen) , Scheller-Wolf Alan , Secomandi Nicola , Smith Stephen
Published: August 2015

Electricity cannot yet be stored on a large scale, but technological advances leading to cheaper and more efficient industrial batteries make grid-level storage of electricity surpluses a natural choice. Because electricity prices can be negative, it is unclear how the presence of negative prices might affect the storage policy structure known to be optimal when prices are only nonnegative, or even how important it is to consider negative prices when managing an industrial battery. For fast storage (a storage facility that can both be fully emptied and filled up in one decision period), we show analytically that negative prices can substantially alter the optimal storage policy structure, e.g., all else being equal, it can be optimal to empty an almost empty storage facility and fill up an almost full one. For more typical slow grid-level electricity storage, we numerically establish that ignoring negative prices could result in a considerable loss of value when negative prices occur more than 5% of the time. Negative prices raise another possibility: rather than storing surpluses, a merchant might buy negatively priced electricity surpluses and dispose of them, e.g., using load banks. We find that the value of such a disposal strategy is substantial, e.g., about $118 per kilowatt-year when negative prices occur 10% of the time, but smaller than that of the storage strategy, e.g., about $391 per kilowatt-year using a typical battery. However, devices for disposal are much cheaper than those for storage. Our results thus have ramifications for merchants as well as policy makers.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Assessment of stroke survivors on an inpatient rehabilitation unit
Authors: Gurr Birgit , Dendle Jac
Published: August 2015

Background:

Following a stroke, individuals often experience substantial difficulties, including speech and language problems, mobility, cognitive and emotional problems. Clinical guidelines for stroke care highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring mood and cognitive functioning of stroke survivors, in order to support the individual and guide multidisciplinary teams in holistic rehabilitation. This paper presents how psychological wellbeing assessments combine mood and cognitive screening and inform nursing and rehabilitation activities.

Aim:

Psychological wellbeing assessments were evaluated in view of their suitability for meeting the professional and stroke standards for mood and cognitive assessments. It was aimed to present how such assessments inform nursing care, individual rehabilitation programmes and discharge arrangements.

Methods:

A total of 83 patients were assessed with mood and cognitive screening procedures. As many as 75 patients had a diagnosis of ischaemic stroke and eight patients experienced an intracerebral haemorrhage. All patients were assessed on an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit. More than half of the patients (43) were male, while 40 were female. The average age was 71 years with a range from 23–96 years. Results: Mood assessments were carried out with 76 patients. Among these, 14 patients presented borderline clinical mood symptoms and six patients showed significant psychological disturbances. More than three-quarters of patients (65) completed cognitive assessments. Outcomes informed the clinical team about their baseline functions, capacity issues and the data contributed to specific cognitive skills training and functional occupational therapy programmes.

Conclusions:

Psychological wellbeing assessments offer opportunities for nursing and multidisciplinary teams to cover a range of mood and cognitive issues. Combined mood and cognitive screenings are practical and effective procedures helping to meet service standards and requirements.
Driving with a neurological disorder: the automatism defence
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: August 2015

In this article, Richard Griffith sets out the likely consequences for people with neurological disorders who fail in their duty to ensure that they are able to drive safely because they are unlikely to be affected by the adverse effects of their illness, or the medication taken to control it.
Research Roundup
Authors: Dunkley Steven
Published: August 2015

Steven Dunkley provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting the key points to keep you up to date. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail.
Playing at leadership
Authors: Solly Kathryn
Published: August 2015

Standing up for play is a common theme, but the top down pressures being felt through policy can affect even the most experienced practitioner. We must protect the right for children to be playful.
Flow and reflective cycles
Authors: Sabine Alex
Published: August 2015

Paperwork is not only for the purposes of impressing Ofsted, or for strengthening parent partnerships, the documentation process is a by-product of sustained shared thinking and co-constructive principles.
Levelling the playing field
Authors: Matthewman Ross
Published: August 2015

The childcare system must change if we are to support families with disabled children who want to work, but are prevented from doing so, and if we are to give those of all abilities the best start in life.
Making the most of the EYPP
Authors: Robb Sue
Published: August 2015

The challenge we face of trying to close the learning and development gap between children from disadvantaged backgrounds and their peers has been boosted by the introduction of additional funding.
What we can learn from… Vegetables!
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: August 2015

This month, our focus is on a type of food that all children will be familiar with in some form or another, but which has plenty to offer in terms of learning about wellbeing and about the world at large.
Magic power of words
Authors: Leeper Marion
Published: August 2015

This is the second in a series of articles that will follow one child's individual journey into the complex skills of making meaning out of sounds and expressions, that will soon form the basis of early words.
More than a nice smile
Authors: O'Neill Michaela
Published: August 2015

Thousands of young children are suffering poor dental health because they are not being taught the basic skills needed, which is why visiting professionals can provide a vital service to early years settings.
Making things difficult
Authors: Wilsenski Deb
Published: August 2015

In the third of a series of three articles, that serve to follow up from June's introduction to adventures and emotions in forests, Deb Wilenski explores problems and solutions facing children in the wild woods.
Comentário ao texto “A individualidade da representação nos clássicos, de João Canijo
Authors: Werner Christian
Published: August 2015

Comentário ao texto “A individualidade da representação nos clássicos, de João Canijo.
A vida privada de Helena de Tróia nos loucos anos 20 em Hollywood
Authors: Coelho Maria Cecília
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o filme de Alexander Korda, de 1927, The Private Life of Helen of Troy, baseado no romance homônimo de John Erskine, de 1925, e na peça The Road to Rome, de 1927, de Robert Sherwood, obras que fazem, respectivamente, uma releitura do mito de Helena e do episódio da chegada de Hannibal a Roma. Do filme, temos apenas alguns fragmentos, arquivados no British Film Institute, além de algumas fotos e reportagens de época. Por meio desse material, em um estudo comparativo, discutirei aspectos da recepção do mito de Helena na década de 20 nos Estados Unidos.
FERREIRA, J. R. Eurípides: As suplicantes. 1. ed. Porto Alegre: Movimento, 2012. 78 p. ISBN 978-85-7195-150-1
Authors: Salvador Evandro Luis
Published: August 2015

Resenha de FERREIRA, J. R. Eurípides: As suplicantes. 1. ed. Porto Alegre: Movimento, 2012. 78 p. ISBN 978-85-7195-150-1
Electra-Shock de José María Muscari o de cómo Sófocles sobrevive a una descarga eléctrica
Authors: Fernandez Claudia
Published: August 2015

En 2005, el joven director argentino J.M. Muscari estrena en Buenos Aires su Electra-shock. Tragedia show y alto voltaje, una adaptación de la Electra de Sófocles, concebida para esta época posmoderna. En sincronía con la particular -y bizarra- poética del autor, en la que caben concepciones artísticas globales, como el camp, el kitsch, la parodia, la cultura popular y LGBT, y locales rioplatenses, como el grotesco o el sainete-, sin embargo conserva los trazos esenciales de la tragedia de Sófocles, que logra sobrevivir a esta perturbadora transposición estética. La composición termina siendo un collage, o pastiche, que se autodescompone -o deconstruye- al presentarse como un ensayo de su puesta en escena. La fuerte dosis de autorreferencialidad que exhibe la pieza hacen del teatro y la tragedia un tema fundamental en ella. Por esta razón, el análisis de esta puesta en escena será solo el punto de partida para reflexionar sobre cuestiones más generales y teóricas que siguen preocupando a los estudiosos de la recepción clásica, esto es, el lugar desde donde se posiciona la investigación, los juicios de valor apropiados en vistas de cuestiones de estética, y el interés que guarda para los estudios clásicos tradicionales este campo de estudio tan largamente transitado pero de reciente legitimación académica.