bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V.—The Average Composition of the Igneous Rocks.
Authors: Mennell F. P.
Published: May 2009

The average composition of the igneous rocks is a point of considerable interest in its relation to the problem of their differentiation, and several attempts have been made to solve it by the collation of analyses. Thus, Mr. Clarke estimated the American rocks to average 59.77 per cent. of silica (which may be taken as representative), and Mr. Harker came to very similar conclusions as regards the British rocks, obtaining 58.46 as his figure. The process followed was to add up the results of all the obtainable analyses and take their mean. If each class of rock analysed occupied the same average amount of space—if, for example, the basic intrusions were approximately equal in bulk to the acid ones—such a process would give results of considerable value. As it is, however, very little consideration will show that unless due weight is attached to the relative abundance of the different classes, the results will be very far removed from the truth. Even in Britain, where the development of igneous rocks is comparatively insignificant compared to the sedimentary ones, there are quite enough exposures of the different types to demonstrate this fact. If a geologically coloured map be examined, and the nature of the various patches of igneous rock be enquired into, the immense preponderance of granite becomes obvious, even though the basaltic lavas make a great show on account of their horizontal extension. In fact, the Dartmoor granite mass, if it be assumed to extend to a depth of only one mile, would probably suffice to weigh down the scale against all the other non-granitic igneous rocks combined.
V.—Note on Actinocamax, Miller; Its Identity with Atractilites, Link
Authors: Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

In a paper entitled “Observations on Belemnites,” which was communicated to the Geological Society of London in April, 1823, J. S. Miller defined the genus Belemnites thus: —“A cephalopodous? molluscous animal provided with a fibrous spathose conical shell, divided by transverse concave septa into separate cells or chambers connected by a siphuncle; and inserted into a laminar, solid, fibrous, spathose, subconical or fusiform body extending beyond it, and forming a protecting sheath.” In May of the same year Mr. Miller contributed to the same Society another paper in which he instituted the genus Actinocamax for “spathose bodies which resemble the belemnitic guard in general appearance, but are distinguished from it by presenting, instead of the terminal cavity intended for the reception of the chambered shell, a protruding and convex base.”
VII.—Contributions to the Geology of Ceylon: III. The Balangoda Group
Authors: Coomáraswámy A. K.
Published: May 2009

The name ‘Balangoda group’ is proposed for a series of granitic and pegmatite-like rocks, intrusive in, but distinct from, the Charnockite series; first met with in the Balangoda district, but evidently widely distributed over a large area between Balangoda and Hatton. The rocks are best described as granites, but occur most often in rather narrow dykes, after the manner of pegmatites. Yet there is no reason for separating the smaller from the larger masses, and the term granite is applied to both. The group (of which a more detailed account will ultimately be needed) includes in particular zircon granite, allanite granite, magnetite granite, and granite without conspicuous accessory minerals; as well as the probably similar rocks in which the hitherto unlocated minerals geikielite, baddeleyite, rutile, fergusonite, thorite, thorianite, etc., may be looked for; and the vein of pegmatite at Gampola, which consisted of quartz, felspars, and biotite, with apatite, ilmenite, tourmaline, and the new mineral described as thorianite as accessory minerals.

These granites are intrusive in the Charnockite series, and though frequently occurring in lenticular masses (Denagama) with a disposition parallel to that of the foliation planes of the charnockites, have often been observed to transgress these foliation planes and to behave as intrusive rocks. Contact phenomena have not, however, been observed, except perhaps in a slight tendency to a peripheral fineness of grain in the intrusive rocks. At the junctions granite and charnockite are usually welded together, there being no absolutely hard line of separation, although the junction may be called sharp; in the case of the larger masses no good junctions have been seen.
V. — On the Occurrence of an Opisthocœlian Dinosaur (Algoasaurus Bauri) in the Cretaceous Beds of South Africa
Authors: Broom R.
Published: May 2009

Last year, while the Port Elizabeth Brick and Tile Company were quarrying a clayey rock at Despatch, near Uitenhage, a number of bones were discovered in the rock. Though the discovery created some little interest, no one seems to have appreciated the scientific value of the find, and large numbers of the bones were made into bricks. A few fragments of vertebræ and ribs have been collected by the Port Elizabeth Museum, and recently an attempt has been made to rescue some more of the bones that still remain in the rock. So far a number of very imperfect fragments of vertebræ—cervical, dorsal, and caudal—a fairly good femur, an imperfect scapula, portions of many ribs, and an ungual phalanx, have been discovered. The examination of these remain leaves no doubt that the skeleton is that of an Opisthoeælian Dinosaur of moderate size.
II. —Note on the Barypoda, a New Order of Ungulate Mammals
Authors: Andrews C. W.
Published: May 2009

In a notice published on page 160 of the present volume it was suggested that Arsinoitherium, of which a brief description was there given, must be placed in the order Amblypoda, constituting a new family, the Arsinoitheriidæ. Having further considered the evidence available, and having, moreover, had the advantage of some discussion on the subject with Professors H. F. Osborn and W. B. Scott, I have now come to the conclusion that Arsinoitherium differs from the Amblypoda in so many points that it seems necessary to refer that remarkable mammal to a new subdivision of the Ungulata of equal value with the Amblypoda and Probosoidea, to both of which a certain degree of relationship may exist. For this new order the name Barypoda is proposed, in allusion to the massive character of the limbs in the species at present known. The existence of two orders so marked as the Proboscidea and the Hyracoidea in the Eocene beds of Egypt, and their absence at that period from the rest of the world (with the possible exception of South America), at least make it seem likely that in an area so isolated there were other equally distinct groups which died out before circumstances became favoui'able to allowing them to pass over to other regions. That Arsinoitherium may be the representative of such an order is probable, for its great size and highly specialised character point to its being the closing member of a long line, of which the earlier forms are at present quite unknown, and must be sought in earlier horizons in the Ethiopian region.
IV.—The Penzance Earthquake of March 3, 1904
Authors: Davison Cuabxes
Published: May 2009

During the last fifteen years slight earthquakes have occurred in Cornwall on eight occasions, the dates being Oct. 7, 1889; Mar. 26, 1891; May 16 and 17, 1892; Jan. 26, 1896; and Mar. 29, April 1 and 2, 1898. The Pembroke earthquakes of Aug. 18, 1892 (0.24 and 1.40 a.m.), and Nov. 2, 1893, and the Hereford earthquake of Dec. 17, 1896, were also felt in the county. Local earth-shakes, probably connected with mining operations, occur occasionally, as on June 4 and 10, 1902. Under the same heading should perhaps be included the shock of Aug. 27, 1895, near Blisland, which I was led to class as seismic on account of its very elongated, though small, disturbed area.
VII.—The Glaciation of the Don and Dearne Valleys
Authors: Carter W. Lower
Published: May 2009

In studying the geological history of the rivers of the Don system, my attention was specially directed to the evidences of glacial action in the area, with the object of ascertaining whether glaciation had anything to do with the interesting diversions of the Don, Dearne, and Dove. Certain valleys in the area, also, attracted my attention as possessing abnormal features with respect to the present drainage of the district, and I began to inquire what their relations might be to an altered system of drainage during the Glacial Period. The present paper is an attempt to piece together the scattered glacial evidence, and to ascertain the effect that the advance of a glacier from the north and north-east would have on the drainage of this district, and how far the present valleys would help to explain the water-flow under such conditions.
II.—On a New Crocodilian Genus (Notochampsa) from the Upper Stormberg Beds of South Africa
Authors: Broom R.
Published: May 2009

Mr. A. L. Du Toit, of the Cape Geological Commission, who has been for some months engaged in studying the Stormberg beds in the eastern part of the Colony, has been fortunate in making a number of discoveries of very great interest to the palæontologist. Among Vertebrates his most important finds have been the remains of two small crocodiles.

The first specimen, which was discovered by Mr. A. Isted in the Cave Sandstone at Funnystone, Barkly East, consists of the impressions of the under sides of most of the upper bones of the skull and of most of the dorsal armour. There are also preserved the remains of a scapula, a humerus, a radius and ulna, a femur, and a number of ribs. A restoration of the skull is shown in Fig. 1. When complete it probably measured 130 mm. in length, and the length of the whole crocodile was probably about 600 mm. Though the skull is too imperfectly preserved to show what are the relations to the already known families, enough is preserved to show that the crocodile belongs to the suborder Amphicœlia of Owen (= Mesosuchia, Huxley). The skull is characterised by the very large size of the squamosal bones, by the moderate size of the supra-temporal openings, by the nasals taking little part in the formation of the snout, and by each maxillary having only a few large teeth—’ probably 6 or 8.
III.—On the Homotaxial Equivalents of the Lower Culm of North Devon
Authors: Hind Wheelton
Published: May 2009

I am glad that my paper on the Coddon Hill beds, published in the Geological Magazine, August, 1904, pp. 392–403, has aroused criticism, and could only have wished that Dr. Vaughan had been familiar with the Carboniferous sequence of the Pennine area and Belgium. The matter is not one to be solved by the casual appearance in any definite bed of a few Brachiopods, at one only of the many horizons at which they are known to occur in other localities, for the whole of the fossils, which are quoted by Dr. Vaughan as the foundation for his argument that the Coddon Hill Beds are low down in the Carboniferous sequence, are equivocal as far as their value as zone indices goes. And on the other hand, Dr. Vaughan completely ignores those fossils which are unequivocal and which denote a well-recognised horizon, and curiously enough, too, correspond with a marked change in lithological character of the Carboniferous sequence. In the first place, I do not see where Dr. Vaughan found any statement in Mr. Howe's and my paper on the Pendleside group at Pendle Hill (Q. J. G. S., vol. lvii) that the Pendleside series are the equivalents of the Millstone Grit of South Wales and the Mendip areas. The table on the page quoted (p. 388) distinctly shows that we consider the Pendleside series to lie universally below beds equivalent to Millstone Grit, and we do not mention the series of the Bristol and Mendip area because we were not well enough acquainted with that district to do so.
I.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

In these notes it is my object to describe and figure some of the more imporant Chalk Polyzoa that have not yet been described, or have been described from material less complete than mine.
VI.—Geology and Petrology of the Intrusions of the Kilsyth-Croy District, Dumbartonshire
Authors: Tyrrell G. W.
Published: May 2009

The general appearance of this rock in thin section is of an interlocking framework of plagioclase, augite, and iron-ores, with micropegmatite occupying the interstices. The mutual relations of the felspar and augite vary considerably. The felspar may be entirely enclosed in the augite. In this case it is very basic and only faintly zoned. The most common relation is for the augite to enclose the terminations of the felspar laths, the sub-ophitic structure of Watts. But frequently idiomorphic crystals of augite are found partly or wholly enclosed in felspar. The latter is then more acid than the ophitic felspar, and is broadly zoned. These varying relations may frequently be found within the limits of a single slide.
II.—On some Fossils from the Nubian Sandstone Series of Egypt
Authors: Newton R. Bullen
Published: May 2009

Description.—Specimen consisting of the natural cast of a left valve: form oblong, subtrigonal, mostly compressed; umbo anterior, depressed, incurved, succeeded in front by prominent lunuloid cavity; dorsal margin posteriorly elongate, oblique, continuous with the terminal curvature of margin; anterior region short, deep, slightly inflated on the ventral side of umbonal area; outer margin deeply excavated beneath the umbo, afterwards of oval contour; ventral margin anteriorly inflated, deeply sinuated in rear; posterior region furnished with an obtuse ridge directed obliquely from the umbo to the postero-ventral angle, on each side of which the valve slopes and becomes compressed; lateral face of valve between the anterior inflation and posterior ridge triangularly depressed; sculpture lines obscure.
I.—The Mechanism of Volcanic Action, being the Opening Address to Section III (Vulcanology) of the International Geographical Congress
Authors: Johnston-Lavis H. J.
Published: May 2009

In a discussion of this kind it is advisable to be as concise as possible, eliminating minor details, so as to give prominence to the main outlines of any theory one holds. This communication, which the Council of the Ninth International Congress of Geography have honoured me by asking me to address to you, I propose to put into the form of a ‘credo’. To this I shall add a few fundamental facts upon which, my reasoning was based, leaving minor ones for discussion at greater leisure elsewhere. For convenience I propose to divide my theory into two sections. In the first I shall review what may be conveniently called deep volcanic action, and in the second that group of phenomena that occur when igneous matter nearly reaches the surface or actually finds an exit thereon. Unfortunately, in the first case I am obliged to rely on hypotheses and deductions, whereas in the second section, that of superficial volcanic action, there are a number of fundamental facts and observations upon which to base speculation, and to which. I propose to draw your attention.
IV.—The Physical History of the Norwegian Fjords
Authors: Hull Edward
Published: May 2009

The Scandinavian Promontory. — This remarkable promontory, extending for over a thousand miles from the Naze to the North Cape, is formed mainly of Archæan rocks, consisting of gneiss, crystalline schists, and other metamorphic rocks, penetrated by granite and other igneous dykes of later date. These primeval rocks are overlain throughout a portion of their extent by Cambrian and Lower Palæozoic (or Lower Silurian) beds, between which and the Archaean masses there is entire discordancy, and, as regards their respective ages, a long period of unrepresented time. The Palæozoic beds are themselves highly altered when in contact with the intrusive igneous masses, so that it is difficult to distinguish them from the more ancient masses in some districts.
V.—North American and European Drift Deposits
Authors: Deeley R. M.
Published: May 2009

The classification of the drift deposits is one which has given rise to very divergent views. One school holds that the Glacial Period was marked by increasingly severe conditions of climate followed by a somewhat regular amelioration. Another school holds that it consisted of a series of cold periods separated by warm intervals. It is not contended that in Pleistocene times the ice disappeared completely; for it is pretty certain that on high mountain ranges, and in the Arctic and Antarctic areas, snow-fields and glaciers existed continuously. With cold conditions the ice-covered regions spread from the Polar areas and glaciers descended from the mountains, and with the return of warmer conditions the Polar glaciers and ice-fields decreased in area whilst the mountain glaciers again retreated up the valleys. The problem as to the extent to which such variations in glacial conditions occurred, and the number of times they recurred, can only be settled by a study of the Pleistocene deposits themselves. In this matter theory cannot at present help us.
III.—On some Chalk-pebbles from the Floor of the English Channel
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J.
Published: May 2009

In 1908 Mr. R. H. Worth described a number of stones which had been dredged by Mr. T. R. Crawshay, of the Marine Biological Association, from the floor of the English Channel to the east and south-east of the Lizard. These stones included a great variety of rocks such as granites, felsites, diorites, and other igneous rocks, gneisses, schists, slates, and quartzites, Devonian grits, Permian conglomerate, Triassic marl, sandstones of different kinds, Liassic limestones, hard chalks, and flints.
VI.—The Picrite of Foel lwyd, Carnarvonshire
Authors: Rhodes J. E. Wynfield
Published: May 2009

During a short holiday to North Wales in Whit-week, 1910, I was investigating the igneous rocks to the south of Llanfairfechan, more particularly the intrusive greenstones of the Geological Survey map. Since the publication of this map, over fifty years ago, several districts within it have been investigated in greater detail, especially as to the volcanic rocks, but much remains to be done petrographically. One of these greenstones turned out to be of exceptional interest, being of a type of rock hitherto, I believe, unrecorded in North Wales, so another visit was made to it in August, 1912.
IV.—The Division of the Upper Chalk
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J.
Published: May 2009

The Geological Magazine for February contained a lengthy criticism by Mr. R. M. Brydone of my article on the Recognition of Two Stages in the Upper Chalk, in the volume for last year. It is certainly curious that he should set himself the task of adverse criticism in such a voluminous fashion when he acknowledges at the outset that he sympathizes with my proposal. It appears, however, that he is dissatisfied with my reference to his work, and that he doubts the reliability of my lists of fossils from the new zones of Offaster pilula and Actinocamax quadratus.
III.—On Lanieria, Duncan, a remarkable genus of the Holectypoida; with a preliminary note on the tendencies of Echinoid Evolution
Authors: Hawkins Herbert L.
Published: May 2009

Some time after the year 1850 d'orbigny recognized, among a collection of fossils from Cuba, a species that he referred to the genus Galerites under the name of G. lanieri. The description and figures of the species were to have been included in vol. viii of the Historia física, político, y natural de la isla de Cuba, but the part of that work that should have contained them seems not to have been published.
V.—The Limbs of Lystrosaurus
Authors: Watson D. M. S.
Published: May 2009

Lystrosaurus, Cope = Ptychognathus, Owen (non Stimpson), has long been known from isolated but often perfectly preserved skulls. Quite recently the reception of a magnificent skeleton by the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, enabled me to give a restoration of the animal. In this drawing the hand and foot were drawn from incomplete non-associated remains. Whilst travelling in South Africa, with the aid of a grant from the Percy Sladen Trustees, I collected on the farm Klip-kuil a fragmentary skeleton of Lystrosaurus, much of which was so rotten that it could not be preserved, but which included a complete left fore-limb. This was developed by myself and was found to lie in its natural position with the digits very strongly flexed, except that the metacarpals were slightly separated laterally. It is represented in Text-fig. 1, with the humerus, radius, and ulna in the position in which they were found, and with the fingers extended. The humerus is not very well preserved, but agrees exactly with the excellent example figured by Owen, Catalogue of South African Fossil Reptiles. It is of the usual Anomodont type, with a very powerful deltoid crest extending half-way down the shaft, and a much expanded lower end with a large entepicondyle. There is a large entepicondylar foramen,
VII.—Submerged River-valleys.
Authors: Deeley R. M.
Published: May 2009

Bathymetric surveys have revealed much that is very interesting concerning the ocean floors, not only as regards the deeper portions, but also as concerns the continental shelves. Hull has constructed charts of the North Atlantic and shown that many of the shallower areas are of such a form as to suggest that they were originally portions of existing river-basins, and that the submerged valleys may be traced along the sea bottoms to depths of more than a thousand feet round the present continents. Similar submerged troughs have also been noted along the margin of the Asiatic continent. Two such well-marked channels occur in the ocean at the mouths of the Indus and Ganges. Indeed, the phenomenon would seem to be one common to all the continental shelves.
II.—On Solenopora garwoodi, sp. nov., from the Lower Carboniferous in the North-West of England
Authors: Hinde George J.
Published: May 2009

Some years since Professor E. J. Garwood sent to me for examination some pieces of limestone from the Lower Carboniferous rocks in the Shap and Ravenstonedale districts of Westmorland, in which he had observed the rounded outlines of fossils with a structure which appeared to him to resemble that of Stromatopora. The rock in which the fossils were embedded was so compact and hard that they could not be extracted, and it was necessary to make sections in various directions in order to ascertain their structure, which proved to be identical with that of Solenopora, now well known as one of the calcareous Algæ. It is many years ago since this genus was recognized in the Ordovician rocks in North America, Britain, and Eussia; more recently it was found in the Silurian rocks of the Isle of Gotland, and in 1894 a species was described from the Jurassic rocks of Gloucestershire and Yorkshire. But until this fortunate discovery of its occurrence in the Lower Carboniferous by Professor Garwood, no example of the genus was known in any of the rocks between the Silurian and the Jurassic.
I.—Note on a Process of Fossilization in the Palæozoic Lycopods.
Authors: Kindle E. M.
Published: May 2009

Most collections of fossil plants include specimens of tree-trunks or branches in which the bark is preserved in great perfection, while no trace of the structure of the trunk within the bark remains. Striking examples of this type of fossilization, in which the bark is preserved in exquisite detail while the space within the bark is wholly filled with fine siliceous sediments showing no trace of the original plant structure, occur frequently among the various species of Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. The fossilized armour-like outer cortex of Lepidodendron fails to retain any remnant of the inner woody material about as often as the various molluscan species of Spirifer fail to preserve their delicate internal spires. We know from the silicified specimens which have been found that the greater part of the trunk in Lepidodendron is occupied by a soft middle cortex which is very readily disposed of by micro-organisms. The relatively small cylinder of secondary wood which is found in most species which have attained to a large growth was itself rather susceptible to decay, the tracheids being relatively thin-walled, with the medullary cells very large and the rays voluminous. Innumerable examples of the entire failure of the woody tissue of these Lycopods to survive the processes which left the outer cortex admirably preserved occur in the fine-grained sandstones of Pottsville age in Orange County, Indiana.
I.—Note on the Piltdown Man (Eoanthropus Dawsoni)
Authors: Woodward A. Smith
Published: May 2009

In a communication to the International Medical Congress recently reported in some of the English newspapers, Professor Arthur Keith expressed complete disapproval of my reconstruction of the skull and mandible ofEoanthropus Dawsoni. I concluded that the brain capacity of this skull was comparable only with that of some of the lowest existing savages, while the mandible must have been provided in front with teeth of the ape pattern. Professor Keith, on the other hand, has restored the skull in such a manner as to have a brain capacity of 1,500 cubic centimetres, thus exceeding that of the average modern European. By distorting the curve of the front of the mandible he has also furnished it with completely human teeth. These two views, therefore, need careful examination before any definite conclusions can be drawn from this remarkable fossil.
V.—On Saturated and Unsaturated Igneous Rocks
Authors: Shand S. J.
Published: May 2009

Of the various minerals which enter into the composition of igneous rocks, about one-half are capable of forming in presence of free silica, as is shown by their association in rocks with quartz and tridymite. These may, for the present purpose, be termed saturated minerals; they include some of the most highly silicated compounds of their respective metallic elements. The remaining rock minerals do not appear in association with free silica, and may be presumed to be incapable of stable existence in its presence; they are mostly the less highly silicated compounds of the same metallic elements which, enter into the former group. These may, for the present purpose, be, termed unsaturated minerals. The unsaturated character of any mineral in the latter group is not affected by the temperature and pressure at which crystallization takes place; this is shown by the fact that quartz and the minerals referred to are mutually exclusive both in plutonic and in effusive rocks. In the case of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium the formation of saturated or unsaturated minerals appears to depend only on the amount of silica available in the magma. Aluminium, ferrosum, and ferricum, elements of feebly basic character, have their combinations largely determined for them by the more strongly basic elements, with which they tend to form either complex molecules or mix-crystals.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Judd John Wesley
Published: May 2009

John Wesley Judd was born at Portsmouth February 18th, 1840. His father belonged to a branch of an old Kentish family that had been settled for several generations in the Isle of Wight. His mother was the daughter of a Scotchman who had “come South” from the ancient kingdom of Fife. The Christian name given to the subject of this sketch was the result of an attempt on the part of his parents to find a compromise between the two national religions in which they had been respectively brought up.
I.—Notes on some New Crocodilia from the Eocene of Egypt
Authors: Andrews C. W.
Published: May 2009

During the last few years a considerable number of Crocodilian remains have been collected from the Middle and Upper Eocene beds of the Fayûm, most of these specimens having been obtained by Mr. H. J. L. Beadnell in the course of his excavations in that locality. This material has recently been examined and determined, and it is found that several new species belonging to the genera Crocodilus and Tomistoma are represented by more or less complete remains. In the present note it is proposed to give a preliminary account of these new forms, which will be fully described and figured in the Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayûm now in course of preparation.
III.—Further Note On Cyclus Johnsoni, From the Coal-Measures Near Dudley
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

My friend Professor Lapworth kindly sent me, for identification, in July last the split portions of two nodules containing examples of the interesting little Crustacean genus Cyclus, from the ‘Pennystone’ Ironstone of the Coal-measures near Dudley, obtained by Miss Ethel M. R. Wood, M.Sc., of the University of Birmingham, and I have obtained permission to publish a note thereon, supplementary to my paper in 1894. In that paper I described, among other species, one which I named Cyclus Johnsoni (op. cit., Pl. XV, Figs. 4–7, pp. 537–538), from the Coal-measures, Coseley, near Dudley, which is identical with Miss Wood's specimens. As one of these latter displays some further details of appendages I have given a figure of it here as tending better to elucidate the structure of this curious genus. (See Woodcut on p. 491.)
V.—Rodents from the Pleistocene of the Western Mediterranean Region
Authors: Forsyth Major C. I.
Published: May 2009

Nice.—Among the mammalian remains enumerated by Risso from the bone breccia of the Castle Catinat at Nice, are bones and teeth of ‘Lagomys’. Remains of the same genus have been more recently mentioned by Rivière, from a palæolithic deposit discovered by him in a small cave, Lympia, inside the town of Nice.

Mentone. — On pl. xvii (“Faune des grottes de Menton”), fig. 10, of Rivière's well-known publication, is represented a left mandibular ramus of a “Lagomys d'assez petite taille,” according to the explanation of the plate. In the dimensions, which are by no means small for a member of the family, as well as in the contours of the ramus, it corresponds with the Prolagus from Corsica; it certainly belongs to the latter genus, and not to the recent Ogotona (Lagomys). The text makes no mention of this rodent as occurring in the caves of Mentone, so that further confirmation seemed desirable. This has now been obtained in the most satisfactory manner, Professor Boule having found Prolagus in the “Grotte du Prince,” near Mentone. In his preliminary notice on the results of the excavations, this rodent is stated to occur together with the rabbit, etc., in strata underlying an Upper Quaternary fauna (Rhinoceros tichorhinus, reindeer, ibex, marmot, etc.), and resting on deposits containing a Lower Quaternary fauna (Elephas antiquus, Rhinoceros Mercki, Hippopotamus).
VI.—The Occurrence of Anthracomya Phillipsi in the Durham Coalfield
Authors: Stobbs John T.
Published: May 2009

This important Coal-measure zonal Lamellibranch has already been recorded from the Yorkshire and Nottingham Coalfield (Cadeby and Gedling Colliery respectively), the Lancashire Coal-field (Ardwick, Manchester), the North Staffordshire Coalfield generally, the Forest of Dean and Bristol Coalfields, the South Wales Coalfield; and in all these widely separated districts it is found at the top of that portion of the Coal-measures characterised by the presence of the most valuable seams of coal.
I.—A Century of Geology, 1807–1907
Authors: Geikie Archibald
Published: May 2009

We are glad to be able to present our readers with a portrait of Sir Archibald Geikie, F.R.S., the distinguished President of the Geological Society of London, who, on account of his very large and important contributions to our science, was last year unanimously elected a second time President of the Society in anticipation of its centenary, which will take place on November 13th, 1907, he having been deemed the most fit and proper Fellow to represent the Society as its chief officer upon so important and memorable an occasion in its history.
II.—A Note on Fossil Plants from the Carboniferous Limestone of Chepstow
Authors: Arber E. A. Newell
Published: May 2009

The occurrence of plant-remains in the Lower Carboniferous rocks of England is so rare that the recent discovery of impressions in beds belonging to that series at Chepstow, by my friend and pupil Mr. M. P. Price, B.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, is worthy of record. Mr. Price has obtained several examples of a Sphenopterid frond and other plant fragments from a bed of sandy shale of about 4 feet in thickness, lying between a red sandstone below and lime-stone beds above, in one of the Pen Moel quarries on the left bank of the Wye, immediately to the north of Chepstow. This locality is mentioned in Dr. Vaughan's recent paper on the palæontological sequence in the Carboniferous Limestone of the Bristol area. That author informs me that he refers the beds in question to the lower portion of the Seminula-zone (S1 of his classification) on the evidence of the fauna.
IX.—Notes on some Recent Work on the Bokkeveld Fossils
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

In a recent important article in the “Records of the Albany Museum, South Africa,” vol. i, No. vi (1906), pp. 347–404, pls. vi–x, Professor Schwarz describes some interesting fresh material from the Bokkeveld Beds, and is able to add several new species to the steadily growing list. Incidentally he is led to criticise some previous work done by me on the Brachiopoda and Mollusca from the same beds. Whilst I welcome the new light he is able to throw on several of the obscure fossils with which I had to deal, I must demur to some of his conclusions, cspecially in the case of the Brachiopoda; and accordingly, as my opinion on his paper has been specially asked by other workers on this fauna, a few remarks appear to be requisite. It must not be forgotten that the specimens in all cases are poor and unsatisfactory, but Professor Schwarz has had the advantage over me of more abundant material.
II.—Jurassic Birds and their Allies
Authors: Marsh O. C.
Published: May 2009

About twenty years ago, two fossil animals of great interest were found in the lithographic slates of Bavaria. One was the skeleton of Archæopteryx, now in the British Museum, and the other was the Compsognathus preserved in the Royal Museum at Munich. A single feather, to which the name Archæopteryx was first applied by Von Meyer, had previously been discovered at the same locality. More recently, another skeleton has been brought to light in the same beds, and is now in the Museum of Berlin. These three specimens of Archæopteryx are the only remains of this genus known, while of Compsognathus the original skeleton is, up to the present time, the only representative.
VI.—The Metamorphic and Associated Rocks South of Wexford
Authors: Callaway C.
Published: May 2009

Irish land, which has so long puzzled our statesmen, proves to be equally perplexing to our geologists. The metamorphic rocks have excited much controversy, and new problems are emerging. Prof. Hull claims to have found Laurentians in Donegal, Gaiway, and intermediate localities, while Mr. Kinahan, in this Magazine, sums up the evidence for the old opinions. As I have recently studied one of the areas referred to by the latter, I submit a few comments on a part of his paper. I am much indebted to him for the very kind and courteous manner in which he abridged my work by indicating the most important sections, and regret that I must ungratefully repay the obligation by differing widely from his conclusions.
VII.—Note on the Generic Distinctness of Purpuroidea and Purpura, with Remarks upon the Purpiroid Shells figured in the Geol. Mag. Plate VIII. Decade II. Vol. VII. 1880
Authors: Lycett John
Published: May 2009

The genus Purpuroidea was described by me in 1848 from three species in the Great Oolite of Gloucestershire, and published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, accompanied by woodcuts representing one of the Species. Before that period M. Buvignier had described and figured three species of the same genus from the Coral Rag of France, Mem. Soc. Philomath. Verdun, 1843, accompanied by plates illustrating the Species, which he assigned to the genus Purpura; these figures were for the most part insufficient for the purposes of generic discrimination, and founded upon specimens more or less imperfect; one of them was believed by me to be identical with the species figured in my woodcut, and was accordingly named by me Purpuroidea nodulata, the name of the Species having been adopted from the Murex nodulatus of Young and Bird, which was also believed to be identical with the Gloucestershire species.
II.—Note on a Triassic Estheriella from the Malay Peninsula
Authors: Jones T. Rupert
Published: May 2009

Numerous specimens (having the general aspect of Estheria) lie on the bed-planes of a bluish, slightly micaceous, noncalcareous shale from the “Shale and Sandstone Series” of the Federated Malay States. The valves lie flatwise in the strata, either singly or in still connected pairs; and are not so much compressed but that they show the concavity of the insides, and the convexity and special features of the outsides. There are many examples of valves in different stages of growth, but a striking similarity of character indicates that all belong to one species. The shell itself is absent, but hollow moulds of one valve and solid casts of the other supply material for defining its character. No other organisms have been recognized in the shale.
V.—On a Specimen of Cyrtoceras (Meloceras) Apicale from the Carboniferous Limestone, Kniveton, Derbyshire
Authors: Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

The specimen which forms the subject of the present communication is a fragment of a Nautiloid in the collection of Dr. Wheelton Hind, F.G.S., from the Carboniferous Limestone, Kniveton, Derbyshire, that seems to be referable to Gyrtoceras (Meloceras) apicale. This species, instituted by Dr. Foord in 1898, and based upon examples from St. Doulagh's, co. Dublin, Ireland, was characterized as follows:—
VI.—On a New Tortoise from the Lower Headon Beds of Hordwell, Nicoria Headonensis, Sp. Nov.
Authors: Hooley Reginald W.
Published: May 2009

The bones of the carapace and plastron from which this species has been determined were discovered in a thin seam of grey sand intercalated in the Mammalian band of the Lower Headon Beds at Hordwell, Hampshire. They were lying scattered over an area of about four feet. The broken edge of the entoplastral and right hyoplastral were sticking out of the cliff face. The sea had carried away the missing portions of these bones and probably those lost of the carapace and plastron.
I.—On the Structure of the Frontal Spine and the Rostrolabial Cartilages of Squaloraja and Chimæra
Authors: Reis Otto M.
Published: May 2009

The remarkable frontal spine of Squaloraja has always been described as a dermal structure by those who have referred to it, and has been classed with the shagreen-granules and dentition. After the systematic position of the genus had been determined, its frontal spine was rightly recognized as identical with the spine-like frontal process in Chimæra and fossil Holocephala, with which it was formerly compared by W. Davies and A. S. Woodward. Both these processes were regarded as dermal structures by von Zittel, Jaekel, and A. S. Woodward, and treated as true ichthyodorulites, i.e. as if consisting of dentine or vasodentine. In 1890 the present writer briefly pointed out that the frontal spine of the Jurassic Chimæroid, Ischyodus avita, consisted of extremely calcified fibro-cartilage, resembling that of the so-called “claspers” of all male Elasmobranchs. The microscopical structure of these parts differs conspicuously from that of the calcified granules in the common (hyaline) cartilage of the internal skeleton, and its ontogenetic development is different.
II.—A Short Account of the Ammonites and their Allies, as Exhibited in the Cephalopod Gallery at the British Museum (Natural History)
Authors: Foord Arthur H
Published: May 2009

The great group of the Ammonites (using that term in its general acceptation) is distinguished from all other kinds of chambered shells of the Cephalopod type by the complicated foliations of the margins (sutures) of the partition walls or septa into which such shells are subdivided. Though typically coiled, much in the manner of the flat pond-snail, Planorbis, there are straight and variously curved Ammonites; but all have the common character of a highly foliated “suture-line.”
V.—A Note on the Torbay Raised Beaches and on the Detached Blocks trawled in the English Channel
Authors: Hunt A. R.
Published: May 2009

In Professor Prestwich's important paper on the Raised Beaches of the South of England the following passage occurs: “In Torbay there are small portions of a Raised Beach near Paignton…” As on the strength of this statement the line of Raised Beaches is carried in the map round the extreme present limits of Torbay, and the hitherto universally accepted doctrine, that Raised Beaches do not occur in the softer parts of the coast-line, is thus controverted, the assertion is one of considerable importance.
III.—Review of the Evidence for the Animal Nature of Eozoön Canadense
Authors: Dawson William
Published: May 2009

The writer of these notes had hoped to have been able long ago to let the vexed questions respecting Eozoön repose in peace in so far as he was concerned, and he is now induced to offer a short summary of the evidence in the case only with the view of correcting some misapprehensions that seem to have arisen in regard to points well established, and which, independently of any question as to the nature of Eozoön, belong to the certain data of geology. These misapprehensions lead to the confounding of the structures originally discovered by Logan with things in no way related to them, and from which they had been clearly distinguished by my own original studies, and by those of Hunt, Carpenter, and Rupert Jones. New facts relating to pre-Cambrian life have also been coming to light from time to time, and many of these are connected, either directly or indirectly, with the evidence respecting Eozoön.
I.—Note on some Vertebrate Remains collected in the Fayûm Egypt, in 1906
Authors: Andrews C. W.
Published: May 2009

The collecting expedition to the Fayüm in the Spring of 1906 did not result in the discovery of any striking new forms, but nevertheless a large number of specimens was obtained, some of which add considerably to our knowledge of species already imperfectly described. Of these specimens the most important are: (1) An associated skull and mandible of Palœomastodon wintoni with the upper and lower dentition, including the tusks, in perfect preservation; an atlas, humerus, radius, part of an ulna, and some vertebræ of the same individual were also found, and confirm the determinations that had previously been made from isolated examples. (2) A beautifully preserved mandible of a very young Palœomastodon, probably the same species. In this specimen the two posterior milk-teeth are in position, while the anterior one is represented by its empty alveolus. Beneath the two milk molars are the germs of pm. 3 and pm. 4, almost ready to replace them vertically in the ordinary way.
IV.—Sedgwick Museum Notes
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

The numerous and full accounts of the Crustacea (apart from trilobites) from the Girvan area which Professor Rupert Jones, Dr. H. Woodward, Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., and others have published during the last three or four decades may seem to render any further remarks by me superfluous. But at Dr. Henry Woodward's suggestion Mrs. Gray recently sent to me some fresh material for examination, which, in addition to yielding some new species, throws some interesting light upon previously described forms, and permits some further details to be added to our knowledge of them.
VII.—The Comparative Fertility of the Soil above certain Geological Formations
Authors: Love James
Published: May 2009

While travelling over the country it may be noticed that the land is not uniformly fertile. In some places there is greater luxuriance and greater variety of plant life than in others. The question which such observations call forth is what is the cause of these differences? An attempt has been made to give some sort of answer to this question in the following manner:—A limited area has been selected which is traversed by a number of geological formations, and the plants growing on that area have been catalogued. The area selected in the present instance is the county of Surrey, that being the county which is best known to me. Surrey is too small a county to have any difference of climate. The differences of altitude would probably bring about some variety in the flora, but the differences of latitude could scarcely have any appreciable effect. The county is, however, large enough to include a dozen different rock formations within its boundary, and it seems fair to presume that these may have a considerable influence in determining the distribution and variation of its flora.
I.—Restoration of some European Dinosaurs, with Suggestions as to their Place among the Reptilia
Authors: Marsh O. C.
Published: May 2009

For several years I have been engaged in investigating the Dinosaurs of North America, where these extinct reptiles were very abundant during the whole of Mesozoic time. The results of my study have been published from time to time, and I have already had the honour of presenting some of these to the British Association. In carrying out this investigation so as to include the whole group of Dinosaurs, wherever found, and bringing all under one system of classification, it has been necessary for me to study the remains discovered in Europe, and I have made several visits to this country for that purpose.
III.—On Perlitic Structure
Authors: Watts W. W.
Published: May 2009

I Have received from my friend Mr. W. F. Smeeth a paper entiled “A Perlitic Pitchstone from the Tweed River, New South Wales, with remarks on the so-called Perlitic Structure in Quartz,” published by the Royal Society of New South Wales. While thanking him for his courtesy in making me acquainted with his views, I desire at the same time to express my sense of the kindly way in which he has criticized, though often adversely, certain statements already published by me. It may be of interest to give to the readers of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE an abstract of the excellent piece of work which Mr. Smeeth has done, as well as to draw attention to the points in which he has compelled me to agree with him and to remark on those on which there is still some difference of opinion between us.
VII.—On the Comrie Earthquake of July 12, 1895, and on the Hade of the Southern Border Fault of the Highlands
Authors: Davison Charles
Published: May 2009

In Mallet's great “Catalogue of Recorded Earthquakes,” the name of Comrie first appears under the date September 2, 1789, and, from that time until the present day, the village has been widely known as a centre of earthquake shocks and sounds. For many years past, however, they have become more and more rare: the shocks, when they have occurred, have been exceedingly slight, and the disturbed areas correspondingly small. Several persons living but a few miles from Comrie inform me that they have never felt a shock; and those who reside in the village itself often speak of “hearing” the earthquakes, as if the vibrations did not generally exceed that limiting degree when they are perceptible only to the ear.