bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PARSIMONIOUS MODEL OF LONGEVITY, FERTILITY, HIV TRANSMISSION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gori Luca , Manfredi Piero , Sodini Mauro
Published: July 2019

A central policy issue in the battle against HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is whether and when high-prevalence countries might become autonomous in designing and implementing their own intervention policies against the disease. The aim of this research is twofold. First, it develops a framework for explaining economic development in a general equilibrium growth model with endogenous fertility and endogenous mortality forced by the threat of a persistent, deadly infectious disease, such as HIV/AIDS in SSA. Second, it aims to shed light on the interplay between foreign aid and endogenous domestic public policies in SSA countries severely afflicted by HIV. Consequently, it investigates the demographic and macroeconomic implications of an intervention against HIV/AIDS whose total amount is the sum of an exogenous component representing foreign aid and an endogenous public expenditure. On the assumption that these policies allow the same degree of HIV control, we show the emergence of quite different responses in terms of key demo-economic variables. These effects mainly pass through the fertility response to the evolving epidemic conditions.
Palliative care for older South Asian migrants: A systematic review
Authors: Shabnam Jahan , Timm Helle , Nielsen Dorthe S. , Raunkiaer Mette
Published: July 2019

Objective

South Asian migrants have a higher burden of life-threatening diseases and chronic diseases compared to other ethnic groups. Yet, knowledge gaps remain around their palliative care needs in the host countries. The aim of the review was to present results from a systematic literature review of available international evidence on experiences with and perspectives on palliative care among older South Asian migrants, relatives, and healthcare providers.

Methods

A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted in February 2018, searching PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and EMBASE databases. PROSPERO #CRD42018093464. Studies included empirical research, providing international evidence on experiences and perspectives on palliative care of South Asian migrants and were published between 2000 and 2018. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze data.

Results

A total of 30 articles were included: qualitative (24), quantitative (5), and mixed methods (1). Three main themes were discovered: 1) palliative care practice within the family, 2) trust as a precondition of palliative care, and 3) the importance of knowledge and cultural competency. All the themes, to a greater or lesser extent, are related to access to and use of palliative care services by South Asian migrant families.

Significance of results

Involvement of family members in palliative care decision making could improve the satisfaction of South Asian migrant families toward the service. For example, Advanced Care Planning involving family members could be a possible way to engage family members in palliative care decision making. Supportive interventions, e.g. providing knowledge, aimed at patients and their family members might improve knowledge and increase awareness among South Asian migrant families of palliative care. Knowledge gained from this review could be implemented with other ethnic minority groups.
Editing the firstJournal of World History: global history from inside the kitchen
Authors: Goldin Marcovich Gabriela , Markovits Rahul
Published: July 2019

This article offers the first study of theCahiers d’Histoire Mondiale, theJournal of World Historypublished under the auspices of UNESCO from 1953 to 1972 as a by-product of the ‘History of mankind’ project. Drawing on material in the UNESCO archives, it delves into what Lucien Febvre, the first editor of theCahiers, called his ‘kitchen’, in order to understand world history as a practice. Data on author origin and article subject matter point to the journal’s mitigated success in overcoming Eurocentrism. The article ultimately contends that theCahierswas at once a laboratory that experimented with new forms of relational history, and a forum where the very nature of world history was discussed by scholars from around the world (mainly from the West, but also from the East and the South). It suggests that today’s epistemological discussion on global history might benefit from the reflection offered by this now largely forgotten experiment.
A compact four-port UWB MIMO antenna with connected ground and wide axial ratio bandwidth
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Lee Gwan Hui , Kim Dong Hwi , Mohyuddin Wahab , Choi Hyun Chul , Kim Kang Wook
Published: July 2019

A new design method of an ultra-wideband circularly-polarized planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four unit cell antennas, being comprised of a microstrip feed line and a square slotted ground plane. In the proposed unit cell design, a circular stub is protruded from the ground plane strip for achieving circular polarization. The unit cell of the MIMO antenna is optimized by adjusting design parameters. The compact four-port MIMO antenna prototype is designed on the FR4 substrate with the overall dimensions of 45 × 45 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed four-port MIMO antenna design provides an impedance bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) of 112% (3.1–11 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 36% (4.8–6.9 GHz). The performance of the fabricated MIMO antenna shows good agreement between the EM simulation and measurement results.
The Seismically Active Lobate Scarps and Coseismic Lunar Boulder Avalanches Triggered by 3 January 1975 (MW 4.1) Shallow Moonquake
Authors: Kumar P. Senthil , Mohanty Rupali , Lakshmi K. Jaya Prasanna , Raghukanth S. T. G. , Dabhu Anjali C. , Rajasekhar R. P. , Menon Rajeev
Published: July 2019

On 3 January 1975, the largest shallow moonquake (MW 4.1) occurred at Laue impact crater on the Moon. The fault responsible for the moonquake and origins of coseismic boulder avalanches are unknown. Our study reveals a set of previously unreported, seismically active, young lobate scarps near the epicenter. In addition, hundreds of boulder falls are observed on the interior walls of two impact craters on either side of the lobate scarps. The varying preservation levels and crater size‐frequency distributions of impact craters superimposed on the boulder falls indicate their episodic origins at 1.6 Ma and during the 1975 shallow moonquake. Our ground motion simulations confirm that the MW 4.1 moonquake along the lobate scarp at 1‐ to 5‐km focal depths produced strong ground shaking that triggered the boulder avalanches. Also, the fault slip along the Lorentz basin wall beneath the Laue crater floor produced the lobate scarps and the shallow moonquakes.
Noxa mitochondrial targeting domain induces necrosis via VDAC2 and mitochondrial catastrophe
Authors: Han Ji-Hye , Park Junghee , Myung Seung-Hyun , Lee Sung Hang , Kim Hwa-Young , Kim Kyung Sook , Seo Young-Woo , Kim Tae-Hyoung
Published: July 2019

Noxa, a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only protein of the Bcl-2 family, is responsive to cell stresses and triggers apoptosis by binding the prosurvival Bcl-2-like proteins Mcl1, BclXL, and Bcl2A1. Although the Noxa BH3 domain is necessary to induce apoptosis, the mitochondrial targeting domain (MTD) of Noxa functions as a pronecrotic domain, an inducer of mitochondrial fragmentation, and delivery to mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrate that the extended MTD (eMTD) peptide induces necrotic cell death by interaction with the VDAC2 protein. The eMTD peptide penetrates the cell membrane, causing cell membrane blebbing, cytosolic calcium influx, and mitochondrial swelling, fragmentation, and ROS generation. The MTD domain binds VDACs and opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in a CypD-independent manner. The opening of mPTP induced by eMTD is inhibited either by down-regulation of VDAC2 or by the VDACs inhibitor DIDS. These results indicate that the MTD domain of Noxa causes mitochondrial damage by opening mPTP through VDACs, especially VDAC2, during necrotic cell death.
A spacetime area law bound on quantum correlations
Authors: Kull Ilya , Allard Guérin Philippe , Brukner Časlav
Published: July 2019

Area laws are a far-reaching consequence of the locality of physical interactions, and they are relevant in a range of systems, from black holes to quantum many-body systems. Typically, these laws concern the entanglement entropy or the quantum mutual information of a subsystem at a single time. However, when considering information propagating in spacetime, while carried by a physical system with local interactions, it is intuitive to expect area laws to hold for spacetime regions. In this work, we prove such a law for quantum lattice systems. We consider two agents interacting in disjoint spacetime regions with a spin-lattice system that evolves in time according to a local Hamiltonian. In their respective spacetime regions, the two agents apply quantum instruments to the spins. By considering a purification of the quantum instruments, and analyzing the quantum mutual information between the ancillas used to implement them, we obtain a spacetime area law bound on the amount of correlation between the agents’ measurement outcomes. Furthermore, this bound applies both to signaling correlations between the choice of operations on the side of one agent, and the measurement outcomes on the side of the other; as well as to the entanglement they can harvest from the spins by coupling detectors to them.
A ParDE-family toxin antitoxin system in major resistance plasmids of Enterobacteriaceae confers antibiotic and heat tolerance
Authors: Kamruzzaman Muhammad , Iredell Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were initially discovered as plasmid addiction systems on low-copy-number plasmids. Thousands of TA loci have since been identified on chromosomes, plasmids and mobile elements in bacteria and archaea with diverse roles in bacterial physiology and in maintenance of genetic elements. Here, we identified and characterised a plasmid mediated type II TA system in Enterobacteriaceae as a member of the ParDE super family. This system (hereafter, ParDEI) is distributed among IncI and IncF-type antibiotic resistance and virulence plasmids found in avian and human-source Escherichia coli and Salmonella. It is found that ParDEI is a plasmid stability and stress response module that increases tolerance of aminoglycoside, quinolone and β-lactam antibiotics in E. coli by ~100–1,000-fold, and thus to levels beyond those achievable in the course of antibiotic therapy for human infections. ParDEI also confers a clear survival advantage at 42 °C and expression of the ParEI toxin in trans induces the SOS response, inhibits cell division and promotes biofilm formation. This transmissible high-level antibiotic tolerance is likely to be an important factor in the success of the IncI and IncF plasmids which carry it and the important pathogens in which these are resident.
A silica-supported titanium catalyst for heterogeneous hydroamination and multicomponent coupling reactions
Authors: Aldrich Kelly E. , Odom Aaron L.
Published: July 2019

A highly dehydrated silica gel, when exposed to Ti(NMe2)4, gives a fast, high-yielding catalyst for multicomponent coupling of an amine, alkyne, and isonitrile to form 1,3-dimine tautomers, iminoamination.
Near-infrared to violet triplet–triplet annihilation fluorescence upconversion of Os(ii) complexes by strong spin-forbidden transition
Authors: Wei Yaxiong , Zheng Min , Chen Lin , Zhou Xiaoguo , Liu Shilin
Published: July 2019

Three Os(ii) complexes were synthesized and applied as triplet photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) fluorescence upconversion.
Tridentate diarylamido-based pincer complexes of nickel and palladium: sidearm effects in the polymerization of norbornene
Authors: You Fen , Liu Hui , Luo Gen , Shi Xiaochao
Published: July 2019

The sidearm effects were found in the polymerization of norbornene catalyzed by the Ni and Pd complexes bearing new diarylamido based unsymmetrical quinolino [NNNox] and phenylthio [SNNox] pincer ligands.
Regiospecific formation of sugar-derived ketonitrone towards unconventional C-branched pyrrolizidines and indolizidines
Authors: Massicot Fabien , Messire Gatien , Vallée Alexis , Vasse Jean-Luc , Py Sandrine , Behr Jean-Bernard
Published: July 2019

The synthesis of unprecedented branched pyrrolizidines and indolizidines was accomplished via nitrone chemistry.
Effect of lithium ions on the catalytic efficiency of calcium oxide as a nanocatalyst for the transesterification of lard oil
Authors: Ambat Indu , Srivastava Varsha , Haapaniemi Esa , Sillanpää Mika
Published: July 2019

The present work encompasses the effect of Li+ ions on CaO nanoparticles for the transesterification of lard oil.
Semitransparent organic solar cells based on PffBT4T-2OD with a thick active layer and near neutral colour perception for window applications
Authors: Duan Leiping , Yi Haimang , Wang Zhimeng , Zhang Yu , Haque Faiazul , Sang Borong , Deng Rong , Uddin Ashraf
Published: July 2019

Semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) are of great interest in both academic and industrial fields since they can be easily used as building windows to achieve solar power generation in building façades.
2D chemical evolution model: The impact of Galactic disc asymmetries on azimuthal chemical abundance variations
Authors: Spitoni E. , Cescutti G. , Minchev I. , Matteucci F. , Silva Aguirre V. , Martig M. , Bono G. , Chiappini C.
Published: July 2019

Context. Galactic disc chemical evolution models generally ignore azimuthal surface density variation that can introduce chemical abundance azimuthal gradients. Recent observations, however, have revealed chemical abundance changes with azimuth in the gas and stellar components of both the Milky Way and external galaxies.

Aims. Our aim is to quantify the effects of spiral arm density fluctuations on the azimuthal variations of the oxygen and iron abundances in disc galaxies.

Methods.We developed a new 2D Galactic disc chemical evolution model that is capable of following not just radial but also azimuthal inhomogeneities.

Results. The density fluctuations resulting from a Milky Way-like N-body disc formation simulation produce azimuthal variations in the oxygen abundance gradients of the order of 0.1 dex. Moreover, the azimuthal variations are more evident in the outer Galactic regions, which is in agreement with the most recent observations in external galaxies. Using a simple analytical model, we show that the largest fluctuations with azimuth result near the spiral structure co-rotation resonance where the relative speed between the spiral and gaseous disc is the slowest.

Conclusion. We provide a new 2D chemical evolution model capable of following azimuthal density variations. Density fluctuations extracted from a Milky Way-like dynamical model lead to a scatter in the azimuthal variations of the oxygen abundance gradient, which is in agreement with observations in external galaxies. We interpret the presence of azimuthal scatter at all radii by the presence of multiple spiral modes moving at different pattern speeds, as found in both observations and numerical simulations.
Rotational spectroscopy of imidazole: improved rest frequencies for astrophysical searches
Authors: Giuliano B. M. , Bizzocchi L. , Pietropolli Charmet A. , Arenas B. E. , Steber A. L. , Schnell M. , Caselli P. , Harris B. J. , Pate B. H. , Guillemin J.-C. , Belloche A.
Published: July 2019

Context. Organic ring compounds play a key role in terrestrial biochemistry, and they were also most likely pivotal ingredients in Earth’s prebiotic chemistry. The five-membered ring imidazole, c-C3N2H4, is a substructure of fundamental biological molecules such as the purine nucleobases and the amino acid histidine. An unsuccessful search for imidazole in a sample of cold-core clouds and massive star-forming regions was performed almost 40 years ago. At that time, the spectroscopic knowledge of this species was scarce: the existing laboratory study was limited to the centimetre-wave region, and the precision of the rest frequencies in the millimetre regime was not adequate.

Aims. The goal of the present work is to perform a comprehensive investigation of the rotational spectrum of imidazole in its ground vibrational state from the microwave region to the 1 mm wavelength regime.

Methods. The rotational spectrum of imidazole was recorded in selected frequency regions from 2 to 295 GHz. These intervals were covered using various broadband spectrometers developed at DESY (Hamburg) and at the University of Virginia. High-level ab initio calculations were performed to obtain reliable estimates of the quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. We used the EMoCA imaging spectral line survey to search for imidazole towards the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2).

Results. About 700 rotational transitions spanning a J interval from 0 to 59 and Kc interval from 0 to 30 were analysed using the Watson S-reduced Hamiltonian. These new data allowed the determination of a much extended set of spectroscopic parameters for imidazole in its vibrational ground state. The improved spectral data allow us to set an upper limit to the column density of imidazole in Sgr B2(N2). Its non-detection implies that it is at least 3400 times less abundant than ethyl cyanide in this source.

Conclusions. With the new set of spectroscopic constants, it has been possible to compute reliable rest frequencies at millimetre wavelengths. We suggest a search for imidazole towards TMC-1, where the aromatic molecule benzonitrile was recently detected.
3C 294 revisited: Deep Large Binocular Telescope AO NIR images and optical spectroscopy
Authors: Heidt J. , Quirrenbach A. , Hoyer N. , Thompson D. , Pramskiy A. , Agapito G. , Esposito S. , Gredel R. , Miller D. , Pinna E. , Puglisi A. , Rossi F. , Seifert W. , Taylor G.
Published: July 2019

Context. High redshift radio galaxies are among the most massive galaxies at their redshift, are often found at the center of protoclusters of galaxies, and are expected to evolve into the present day massive central cluster galaxies. Thus they are a useful tool to explore structure formation in the young Universe.

Aims. 3C 294 is a powerful FR II type radio galaxy at z = 1.786. Past studies have identified a clumpy structure, possibly indicative of a merging system, as well as tentative evidence that 3C 294 hosts a dual active galactic nucleus (AGN). Due to its proximity to a bright star, it has been subject to various adaptive optics imaging studies.

Methods. In order to distinguish between the various scenarios for 3C 294, we performed deep, high-resolution adaptive optics near-infrared imaging and optical spectroscopy of 3C 294 with the Large Binocular Telescope.

Results. We resolve the 3C 294 system into three distinct components separated by a few tenths of an arcsecond on our images. One is compact, the other two are extended, and all appear to be non-stellar. The nature of each component is unclear. The two extended components could be a galaxy with an internal absorption feature, a galaxy merger, or two galaxies at different redshifts. We can now uniquely associate the radio source of 3C 294 with one of the extended components. Based on our spectroscopy, we determined a redshift of z = 1.784 ± 0.001, which is similar to the one previously cited. In addition we found a previously unreported emission line at λ6749.4 Å in our spectra. It is not clear that it originates from 3C 294. It could be the Ne [IV] doublet λ2424/2426 Å at z = 1.783, or belong to the compact component at a redshift of z ∼ 4.56. We thus cannot unambiguously determine whether 3C 294 hosts a dual AGN or a projected pair of AGNs.
Optimal distributed and tangential boundary control for the unsteady stochastic Stokes equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Trautwein Christoph
Published: July 2019

We consider a control problem constrained by the unsteady stochastic Stokes equations with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions in connected and bounded domains. In this paper, controls are defined inside the domain as well as on the boundary. Using a stochastic maximum principle, we derive necessary and sufficient optimality conditions such that explicit formulas for the optimal controls are derived. As a consequence, we are able to control the stochastic Stokes equations using distributed controls as well as boundary controls in a desired way.
Lebensstilintervention aha!2.0 zur Reduktion von modifizierbaren Risikofaktoren des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 bei Risikopersonen: Eine Longitudinalstudie im Hausarztsetting in Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Binder Sebastian , Püschner Franziska , Bertram Nick , Weber Valeria , Amelung Volker Eric , Göhl Martin , Petersen Carsten
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund Lebensstilveränderungen können das Risiko, an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zu erkranken, senken. Das evaluierte aha!2.0-Programm („ab heute anders!“) fokussiert einerseits auf die Erkennung des Diabetes-mellitus-Typ-2-Risikos und anderseits auf die Modifizierung des Lebensstils zur Reduktion bekannter Risikofaktoren. Ziel von aha!2.0 war es deshalb, zunächst die Punktprävalenz der teilnehmenden Personen mit einem sehr hohen Diabetes-mellitus-Typ-2-Risiko in Schleswig-Holstein zum Zeitpunkt des Studienbeginns mittels FINDRISK zu schätzen. Des Weiteren wurde die Entwicklung der relevanten Endpunkte Körpergewicht, Taillenumfang und Body Mass Index untersucht.

Methodik Die Studie wurde zwischen dem 01.07.2014 und dem 31.12.2016 in einem einarmigen longitudinalen Studiendesign und 15-monatigem Follow-up (davon 12 Wochen Intervention) mit insgesamt fünf Kontrollzeitpunkten (t–1 bis t3) durchgeführt. Die Rekrutierung der Studienteilnehmer erfolgte in Hausarztpraxen in Schleswig-Holstein. Es wurden gesetzlich Versicherte ab 18 Jahren eingeschlossen, die eine erkennbare abdominelle Adipositas und/oder eine relevante Familienanamnese und/oder einen bewegungsarmen Lebensstil aufwiesen. Die Intervention bestand zum einen aus dem FINDRISK-Test (Modul 1), der das Zehn-Jahres-Risiko, an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zu erkranken, mittels eines Scores abschätzt, und zum anderen aus der Lebensstilintervention selbst (Modul 2). Aufbauend auf einem Arzt-Versicherten-Gespräch erhielten Teilnehmer das aha!-Startset, bestehend aus einer Chip-Liste©, einem Ernährungs- und Bewegungstagebuch, einem Trainingsband mit Übungsposter und einem Maßband zur Messung des Taillenumfangs.

Ergebnisse Die Punktprävalenz für Personen mit einem sehr hohen Risiko (50 % laut FINDRISK), in den nächsten zehn Jahren an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zu erkranken, lag bei 12,2 % [95 %-CI: 10,3, 14,5] in der Population von in Hausarztpraxen in Schleswig-Holstein rekrutierten Personen mit einem hausärztlich vermuteten Diabetes-mellitus-Typ-2-Risiko. Die 205 Teilnehmer, die das Programm über den 15-monatigen Follow-up-Zeitraum durchliefen, konnten ihr Körpergewicht um 4,5 kg [CI-95 %: –5,6, –3,4], ihren Taillenumfang um –5,7 cm [95 %-CI: –6,5, –4,7] und ihren Body Mass Index um 1,6 kg/m² [95 %-CI: –2,0, –1,2] senken.

Schlussfolgerung aha!2.0 erwies sich in Schleswig-Holstein als implementierbar. Teilnehmer konnten modifizierbare Risikofaktoren für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 im 15-monatigen Follow-up reduzieren. Von 205 der ursprünglich 935 Teilnehmer (21,9 %) konnten zum letzten Follow-up Daten ausgewertet werden. Zukünftige Studien zu Lebensstilinterventionen in Bezug auf Reduktion von verhaltensbedingten Risikofaktoren von DMT2 im Hausarztsetting sollten die Wirkung von adhärenzsteigernden Maßnahmen evaluieren.
No Difference in Recovery of Patient-Reported Outcome and Range of Motion between Cruciate Retaining and Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van den Boom Lennard G. H. , Brouwer Reinoud W. , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Reininga Inge H. F. , de Vries Astrid J. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M. A. , van Raay Jos J. A. M.
Published: July 2019

Both from the perspective of the individual and from a socioeconomic point of view (e.g., return to work), it is important to have an insight into the potential differences in recovery between posterior cruciate ligament retaining (PCR) and posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants. The primary aim of this study was to compare the speed of recovery of patient-reported outcome between patients with a PCR and PS TKA during the first postoperative year. The secondary aim was to compare the effect on range of motion (ROM). In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, single-center trial, 120 adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized into either the PCR or PS group. Primary outcome was speed of recovery of patient-reported pain and function, measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), with a follow-up of 1 year. Main secondary outcome measure was ROM. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis was used to assess whether there was a difference over time between groups (“p-value for interaction”). Between 2008 and 2011, 59 participants received a PCR TKA (mean age, 70.3 years [SD = 7.7]; mean body mass index [BMI], 30.5 kg/m2 [SD = 5.4]) and 55 participants a PS TKA (mean age, 73.5 years [SD = 7.0]; mean BMI, 29.2 kg/m2 [SD = 4.4]). Six patients (two PCR and four PS) were excluded because of early drop-out, so 114 patients (95%) were available for analysis. In between group difference for total WOMAC score was −1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.6 to 3.1); p-value for interaction was 0.698. For ROM, in between group difference was 1.1 (95% CI: −2.6 to 4.7); p-value for interaction was 0.379. These results demonstrated that there are no differences in speed of recovery of WOMAC or ROM during the first postoperative year after PCR or PS TKA.
Gender-affirming healthcare experiences and medical transition among transgender women living with HIV: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Lacombe-Duncan Ashley , Newman Peter A. , Bauer Greta R. , Logie Carmen H. , Persad Yasmeen , Shokoohi Mostafa , O'Brien Nadia , Kaida Angela , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Loutfy Mona
Published: July 2019

Background Transgender (trans) women are overrepresented among people living with HIV, yet trans women living with HIV (WLWH) experience lower access to HIV care. Access to medical transition may facilitate access to HIV care among trans WLWH. This study sought to describe barriers and facilitators to access to medical transition among trans WLWH. Methods: This convergent parallel mixed-methods study drew on cross-sectional quantitative data from 48 trans WLWH analysed using descriptive and bivariate analyses, as well as qualitative semistructured interview data from a subsample of 11 participants analysed using framework analysis. The primary outcome was self-reported transition experience (completed or in the process of medical transition vs planning to but have not begun medical transition). Quantitative and qualitative results were merged and analysed for convergence, divergence and/or expansion of understanding. Results: Just over half the participants reported being fully completed medical transition or in the process of medical transition (52.1% (25/48); 95% confidence interval (CI) 37.5–67.6%), with one-fifth reporting planning to but not having begun medical transition (18.8% (9/48); 95% CI 8.3–29.2%). Factors significantly associated with not having begun one’s medical transition included housing instability, transphobia, HIV-related stigma and barriers in access to care. Qualitative findings revealed varied transition experiences, influenced by community norms, passing and class privilege, HIV and structural barriers. Mixed-methods results showed positive relationships between trans WLWH and HIV care providers in terms of trans and HIV health care. Conclusions: HIV-related stigma and social determinants of health limit access to medical transition for trans WLWH. Stigma must be addressed in a broad range of healthcare settings, in addition to structural barriers, to increase access to gender-affirming HIV care and medical transition for trans WLWH.
A review of the major drivers of the terrestrial carbon uptake: model-based assessments, consensus, and uncertainties
Authors: Tharammal Thejna , Bala Govindasamy , Devaraju Narayanappa , Nemani Ramakrishna
Published: July 2019

Terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks together sequester >50% of the anthropogenic emissions, and the major uncertainty in the global carbon budget is related to the terrestrial carbon cycle. Hence, it is important to understand the major drivers of the land carbon uptake to make informed decisions on climate change mitigation policies. In this paper, we assess the major drivers of the land carbon uptake—CO2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, climate change, and land use/land cover changes (LULCC)—from existing literature for the historical period and future scenarios, focusing on the results from fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The existing literature shows that the LULCC fluxes have led to a decline in the terrestrial carbon stocks during the historical period, despite positive contributions from CO2 fertilization and nitrogen deposition. However, several studies find increases in the land carbon sink in recent decades and suggest that CO2 fertilization is the primary driver (up to 85%) of this increase followed by nitrogen deposition (∼10%–20%). For the 21st century, terrestrial carbon stocks are projected to increase in the majority of CMIP5 simulations under the representative concentration pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6), RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, mainly due to CO2 fertilization. These projections indicate that the effects of nitrogen deposition in future scenarios are small (∼2%–10%), and climate warming would lead to a loss of land carbon. The vast majority of the studies consider the effects of only one or two of the drivers, impairing comprehensive assessments of the relative contributions of the drivers. Further, the broad range in magnitudes and scenario/model dependence of the sensitivity factors pose challenges in unambiguous projections of land carbon uptake. Improved representation of processes such as LULCC, fires, nutrient limitation and permafrost thawing in the models are necessary to constrain the present-day carbon cycle and for more accurate future projections.
Generalized additive models fitting with autocorrelation for sea surface temperature anomaly data
Authors: Ananda S , Miftahuddin
Published: July 2019

Climatic conditions in Sumatra Island are affected by Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) in the Indian Ocean or more commonly referred to as Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Extreme climate events also closely related to SSTA. Several climate features that affect SSTA such as air temperature, precipitation rain, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. SSTA is an increase or decrease in the mean of Sea Surface Temperature so required the analysis to assess extreme climatic events to the risk due to the occurrence of anomalies. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) with autocorrelation can be used to model this phenomenon. GAM method accommodates the nonlinear influence between response variables and predictor variables. The data used in this research is the time series data, daily data from 2006-2017 and there are gaps in it, where there is an autocorrelation value. The purpose of this research is to get a representative model and to know the factors that influence to SSTA. The results show that GAM’s best model with autocorrelation is GAM model by including month and year variables with the monthly autocorrelation structure. Factors that affecting SSTA are the air temperature, month and year as time covariates.
Development of bioplastic from wheat Janeng starch for food packaging
Authors: Saiful  , Helwati H , Saleha S , Iqbalsyah T M
Published: July 2019

Agricultural and industrial products need a high performance of packaging that can preserve its properties in a long period. A high-performance bioplastic was developed in this study from wheat Janeng starch. The bioplastics were prepared by casting on the glass plate and formed by phase inversion method. Bioplastics are made from a mixture of starch and glycerol provides transparent films with high tensile strength and elongation value. The optimum bioplastics compositions were 12 % (w/w) of starch and 5 % (w/w) of glycerol as plasticizer. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer to modify its mechanical properties. The addition of glycerol with the concentration of 5 % (w/w) produced a bioplastic with a high tensile strength of 20.95 kgf/mm2 and 42.69 % of elongation. The bioplastics are made from janeng starch can be used for packaging apples and tomatoes slice with a high protective barrier.
Sensory evaluation with descriptive method on Aceh local rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant M6 using Gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Hayati R , Efendi  , Yunita F
Published: July 2019

Aceh is the richest province in Indonesia in the context of diversity with the local rice varieties. Therefore, it requires conservation efforts within this issue. The weakness parameters of local rice are long-lived and low production. One of the technologies that are been used to obtain the characteristics of short-lived local rice and high production is by using gamma-ray irradiation technology. This research aims to know the quality of sensory evaluation with descriptive method on Aceh local rice Mutant M6 by gamma-ray irradiation. The Aceh local rice Mutant M6 that has been used in this study were I-CKU-6, UF1 B4-9-2017, O-SGP, O-10D, S-103, S-97, S-01 (conventional and organic cultivation), O-39 e, O-10 d, O-57 e (organic cultivation), S-97, S-84 dan UFi-B (conventional cultivation). The approach that has been used in this research was using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) non factorial with three replicates. The result showed that local rice with irradiated gamma-ray (M6) had a very significant effect on the flavour, color, texture, shape, and overall acceptance of rice by conventional and organic cultivation. The local rice O-SGP (5.82) is the local rice that has been received by panelists, followed by local rice S-103 (5.75), O-10D (4.95) and S-97 (4.70), while the aroma was favored by panelists is O-SGP (4.92). The S-84 local rice which was grown conventionally was preferred by panelists with a value of 9.85.
Changes in the unit price of work for reinforced concrete construction based on building sites
Authors: Mubarak  , Abdullah  , Riza M , Hayati Y
Published: July 2019

The unit price of work is the price required to complete each unit of quantity of work that consists of the unit price for the wage of labour, materials, and equipment used. Changes in unit prices are possibly determined by the different sites in which a building is constructed. For budget planners or construction executors, a good understanding of the changes in the unit price of work is required to identify the reasonable amount of budget needed. Given these circumstances, this study was conducted to analyse and identify the pattern of changes in the unit price of work based on the locations of a building in the Province of Aceh. This research focuses on the unit price of reinforced concrete work for the building structure components, as the work that has the most significant proportion of cost in building construction. The pattern of change is described in the form of price indexes by applying the price in Banda Aceh City as a reference for other cities/districts. The analysis results in two patterns of the unit price index, which is below or above of the reference index. This condition follows the pattern of the unit price of materials and wages. The ease of access to a region also determine the changes in the price index.
The potential utilization of natural materials as a wall covering of the building in heat reduction
Authors: Jeumpa K
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to examine the potential of natural coco fibre to be utilized as a wall covering in building construction for sun radiation protection. Engineering innovation in building construction to control the building’s temperature is important. Lowering the building’s room temperature can be carried out by modifying the wall construction materials. Thus, the usage of an air conditioner which is not environmentally friendly can be reduced. The wall modification can give more protection and dampen the sun’s heat, hence the thermal comfort can be obtained. Natural materials, moreover, can be used in the wall modification to reduce the room temperature. In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out between two materials: (1) the coco fibre coated with cement mixture; (2) the mixture of cement and sand, both were used as materials to plaster the wall. The cement mixture acted to bind the compacted coco fibre sheets. The material was evaluated after the cement mixture had been hardened. The test was carried out by providing heat on one side and measuring the temperature on the other side of the material. The results were significant between the two materials. This indicates the potential of coco fibre as a heat insulation in the wall construction materials that can minimize solar thermal radiation into the room.
The design of road conditions mapping system by utilizing openstreetmap spatial data
Authors: Syaifudin Y W , Puspitasari D , Ariyanto Y , Ariyanto R
Published: July 2019

Land transportation still becomes a vital role in human and material mobility to date. In developing countries, like Indonesia, the development of land transportation infrastructure is growing very fast, but the level of road damage is also still quite high. Therefore, road users need information on road conditions that will be passed. This research proposes the use of openstreetmap data to develop spatial data of road conditions dynamically and inexpensively, because it is open access and free editable. The focus is to design spatial data of road conditions and to present a visualization of road condition maps based on Openstreetmap. The raw data will be exported to the Spatial Database Management Systems (SDBMS) and then redesigned the data so that the system can add the status of road condition on each road segments. The result is a system design that can store spatial data and present a visualization of the road condition map. With this system, anyone can update the condition data of a road and can access the road condition map through the web and mobile applications.
Creating atmosphere in hotel interior space with material roles: Bata Pejaten
Authors: Lathifa J , Kusuma N R , Arvanda E
Published: July 2019

As a major tourist destination in Indonesia, Bali possesses hospitality industries that are competing to present the best experience for guests. One of the hotels, Katamama, offers a specific spatial experience through the use of Bata Pejaten, handmade bricks traditionally made from mixtures of clay and paras sand—a fine stone powder of volcanic material sourced locally in Bali. Meticulous selection of Bata Pejaten applied on the 5-star quality hotel became its own uniqueness as these bricks are generally seen as a simple inexpensive material and mainly used for temples construction. As an interior space, it should be recognized not only related to the usability to meet human needs, but also the emotional effect of giving experience. Those spatial experiences are the atmosphere of space that exists between human and their built environment. It is understood through the senses of human, creating an impression and significant meaning to the person. In this case, the material becomes one of the important aspects of spatial atmosphere production. For Bata Pejaten, it is their craftsmanship, composition, and organic transformation. The paper aims to explore how Bata Pejaten and its properties and qualities generate atmosphere of space. This paper presents a case study analysis on interior spaces characterized by its specific material and authentic substances from volcanic eruptions as the core investigation. This paper demonstrates a design approach from the material perspective. In particular, this study introduces the concept of using materials attentively in creating spatial atmosphere characterized by modest material yet rich in its values.
The relationship between data skewness and accuracy of Artificial Neural Network predictive model
Authors: Larasati A , Hajji A M , Dwiastuti Anik
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between data skewness in the output variable and the accuracy of artificial neural network predictive model. The artificial neural network predictive model is built using multilayer perceptron and consist of one output variable and six input variable, and the algorithm used is back propagation. Data used in this study is generated by conducting the simulations in 1000 cycles. Three categories of skewness used in the output variables are positive skewness, neutral, and negative skewness. The results show that data skewness does not have a significant effect on the accuracy of the artificial neural network predictive model. These results imply that artificial neural network predictive model has a higher capability to cope with skewed data due to its complexity in the hidden layer.
Monte Carlo simulation for predicting the reliability of a boiler in the Nagan Raya steam power plant
Authors: Pamungkas I , Arhami  , Dirhamsyah M
Published: July 2019

The Nagan Raya steam power plant 2x110 Megawatt is one of the power plants owned by PT. PLN (Persero) located in Aceh. The Nagan Raya steam power plant that operates continuously is often failure. An overhaul of maintenance activities that lasted only six months was the cause of frequent disruptions or failures. Performance evaluation in terms of reliability is urgently needed to minimize the failure. This study aims to determine the level of reliability and preventive maintenance time based on Monte Carlo simulation to the nine critical components of the boiler section. Monte Carlo simulations are used to predict precise maintenance time and future reliability values. Monte Carlo simulation results on nine important components of the boiler section, maintenance time is required within 40 days to 86 days of maintenance with a reliability value of 31% to 38%.
Increase the heating capacity of solar water heaters through two conditions of placing paraffin in copper tubes
Authors: Harun D , Maulana M I , Akhyar
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, Energy is an essential requirement for daily activities. Indonesians use solar energy for various activities such as electricity, water heaters, and dryers. Solar collectors are devices that absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy. Solar energy heats copper pipes and water passes through heat tubes induces an increase in water temperature. The increase in heating capacity in this experiment was carried out by adding paraffin (as thermal storage material) into a tube in a solar collector. Solar water heaters equipped with solar collectors (called cylindrical trough collectors) have been developed in this experiment. Paraffin placed in the copper tube with two conditions. They are called Collector A and Collector B. The effect of two conditions of placing paraffin in copper tubes on the water-out temperature has been studied in this experiment. The result shows that the highest water temperature found with 56°C in collector A. It is due to the highest solar radiation intensity also record at 1,289 W/m2 (1:00 PM). While Collector B only produces the water-out temperature of 52°C at 1:00 PM. The conclusion shows that the position of paraffin in tubes with Collector A can increase the water-out temperature in the solar water heating system if compared with the collector.
Investigation of defect levels in BaSi2 epitaxial films by photoluminescence and the effect of atomic hydrogen passivation
Authors: Benincasa Louise , Hoshida Hirofumi , Deng Tianguo , Sato Takuma , Xu Zhihao , Toko Kaoru , Terai Yoshikazu , Suemasu Takashi
Published: July 2019

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out on 0.5-μm thick BaSi2 epitaxial films grown on Si(111) substrates with various Ba-to-Si deposition rate ratios (R
Ba/R
Si) in the range of 1.7–5.1. The samples were excited from both the frontside (BaSi2) and the backside (Si substrate), at temperatures in the range of 8–50 K. These measurements have highlighted the existence of localized states within the bandgap that result from defects in the BaSi2 films. The PL intensity is highly dependent on the excitation power, temperature, and R
Ba/R
Si. Of those studied, the BaSi2 film at R
Ba/R
Si = 4.0 showed the most intense PL and weak photoresponsivity, whereas the PL intensity was weaker for the other samples. Therefore, we chose this sample for a detailed PL investigation. Based on the results we determined the energy separation between localized states, corresponding to PL peak energies. The difference in PL spectra excited from the BaSi2-side and Si-side is attributed to the difference in kinds of defects emitting PL. The photoresponsivity of the BaSi2 was drastically enhanced by atomic hydrogen passivation, and the PL intensity of the sample decreased accordingly.
The Unspeakable Speculative, Spoken
Authors: Wanzo Rebecca
Published: July 2019

Exploring various absences—what is or should not be represented in addition to the unspeakable in terms of racial representations—is the through line of three recent books about race and speculative fictions. Mark C. Jerng’s Racial Worldmaking: The Power of Popular Fiction (2018) argues racial worldmaking has been at the center of speculative fictions in the US. In Posthuman Blackness and the Black Female Imagination (2017), Kristen Lillvis takes one of the primary thematic concerns of black speculative fictions—the posthuman—and rereads some of the most canonical works in the black feminist literary canon through that lens. Lillvis addresses a traditional problem in the turn to discussions of the posthuman and nonhuman, namely, what does it mean to rethink black people’s humanity when they have traditionally been categorized as nonhuman? Sami Schalk’s Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women’s Speculative Fiction (2018) speaks to the absence of a framework of disability in African American literature and cultural criticism. In addressing absence—or, perhaps silence—Schalk offers the most paradigm-shifting challenge to what is speakable and unspeakable: the problem of linking blackness with disability and how to reframe our treatment of these categories.
Lyric Reading Revisited: Passion, Address, and Form in Citizen
Authors: Skillman Nikki
Published: July 2019

This article makes the case for a revised model of lyric reading. While theorists have thus far identified lyric reading with a monolithic, expressive model of lyric, the more capacious model I propose involves bringing the signature entanglements that have endowed the term lyric with historical freight and analytical richness to bear on the analysis of literary works—particularly on generically ambiguous contemporary works written during the era of what Virginia Jackson and Yopie Prins have called “lyricization.” The essay presents three recurring sites of debate in lyric theory, using each to bring distinct aesthetic and political dimensions of Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric (2014) into focus. Meditating on contested, rather than putatively universal, features of lyric and their imprint upon Rankine’s “American lyric” reveals the urgent matters of value that such features comprehend. To explore them is to explore the racial subconscious of the lyric tradition and recover how lyric has been multiply and alternatively conceived.