bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthur Phillip: Commodore of the Fleet
Authors: Sturgess Gary L
Published: July 2018

The transportation of convicts to New South Wales in the early years of settlement was a great deal more challenging than has generally been recognised. Arthur Phillip's success in bringing a convoy of eleven ships, including six transports carrying more than 750 convicts, on a voyage of eight months duration across the globe means we need to rethink his contribution to fitting out and managing Australia's First Fleet.
Assessment of wood burning versus fossil fuel contribution to wintertime black carbon and carbon monoxide concentrations in Athens, Greece
Authors: Kalogridis Athina-Cerise , Vratolis Stergios , Liakakou Eleni , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The scope of this study was to estimate the contribution of fossil fuel and wood burning combustion to black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) during wintertime, in Athens. For that purpose, in situ measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and CO were simultaneously conducted in a suburban and an urban background monitoring site in Athens during the 3 months of winter 2014–2015. For the deconvolution of eBC into eBC emitted from fossil fuel (BCff) and wood burning (BCwb), a method based on the spectral dependency of the absorption of pure black carbon and brown carbon was used. Thereafter, BCwb and BCff estimated fractions were used along with measured CO concentrations in a multiple regression analysis, in order to quantify the contribution of each one of the combustion sources to the ambient CO levels. For a comparative analysis of the results, we additionally estimated the wood burning and fossil fuel contribution to CO, calculated on the basis of their CO ∕ NOx emission ratios. The results indicate that during wintertime BC and CO are mainly emitted by local sources within the Athens Metropolitan Area (AMA). Fossil fuel combustion, mainly from road traffic, is found to be the major contributor to both eBC in PM2.5 and CO ambient concentrations in AMA. However, wintertime wood burning makes a significant contribution to the observed eBC (of about 30 %) and CO concentrations (on average, 11 and 16 % of total CO in the suburban and urban background sites respectively). Both BC and CO from biomass burning (BCwb and COwb, respectively) present a clear diurnal pattern, with the highest concentrations during night-time, supporting the theory of local domestic heating being their main source.
High gas-phase mixing ratios of formic and acetic acid in the High Arctic
Authors: Mungall Emma L. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Wentworth Gregory R. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Kunkel Daniel , Gute Ellen , Tarasick David W. , Sharma Sangeeta , Cox Christopher J. , Uttal Taneil , Liggio John
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Formic and acetic acid are ubiquitous and abundant in the Earth's
atmosphere and are important contributors to cloud water acidity, especially
in remote regions. Their global sources are not well understood, as evidenced
by the inability of models to reproduce the magnitude of measured mixing
ratios, particularly at high northern latitudes. The scarcity of measurements
at those latitudes is also a hindrance to understanding these acids and their
sources. Here, we present ground-based gas-phase measurements of formic acid
(FA) and acetic acid (AA) in the Canadian Arctic collected at 0.5 Hz with a
high-resolution chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer using
the iodide reagent ion (iodide HR-ToF-CIMS, Aerodyne). This study was
conducted at Alert, Nunavut, in the early summer of 2016. FA and AA mixing
ratios for this period show high temporal variability and occasional
excursions to very high values (up to 11 and 40 ppbv respectively). High
levels of FA and AA were observed under two very different conditions: under
overcast, cold conditions during which physical equilibrium partitioning
should not favor their emission, and during warm and sunny periods. During
the latter, sunny periods, the FA and AA mixing ratios also displayed diurnal
cycles in keeping with a photochemical source near the ground. These
observations highlight the complexity of the sources of FA and AA, and
suggest that current chemical transport model implementations of the sources
of FA and AA in the Arctic may be incomplete.
The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification
Authors: Hoppe Clara Jule Marie , Flintrop Clara M. , Rost Björn
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In the Arctic Ocean, climate change effects such as warming and ocean
acidification (OA) are manifesting faster than in other regions. Yet, we are
lacking a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of these
drivers on Arctic primary producers. In the current study, one of the most
abundant species of the Arctic Ocean, the prasinophyte Micromonas pusilla, was exposed to a range of different pCO2 levels at two
temperatures representing realistic current and future scenarios for
nutrient-replete conditions. We observed that warming and OA synergistically
increased growth rates at intermediate to high pCO2 levels.
Furthermore, elevated temperatures shifted the pCO2 optimum of
biomass production to higher levels. Based on changes in cellular composition
and photophysiology, we hypothesise that the observed synergies can be
explained by beneficial effects of warming on carbon fixation in combination
with facilitated carbon acquisition under OA. Our findings help to understand
the higher abundances of picoeukaryotes such as M. pusilla under OA,
as has been observed in many mesocosm studies.
Improving the strength of sandy soils via ureolytic CaCO3 solidification by Sporosarcina ureae
Authors: Whitaker Justin Michael , Vanapalli Sai , Fortin Danielle
Published: July 2018

Abstract. “Microbially induced carbonate precipitation” (MICP) is a biogeochemical
process that can be applied to strengthen materials. The hydrolysis of urea
by microbial catalysis to form carbonate is a commonly studied example of
MICP. In this study, Sporosarcina ureae, a ureolytic organism, was
compared to other ureolytic and non-ureolytic organisms of Bacillus
and Sporosarcina genera in the assessment of its ability to produce
carbonates by ureolytic MICP for ground reinforcement. It was found that
S. ureae grew optimally in alkaline (pH ∼ 9.0)
conditions which favoured
MICP and could degrade urea (units U mL−1 represent µmol min−1 mL OD600)
at levels (30.28 U mL−1) similar to S. pasteurii (32.76 U mL−1), the
model ureolytic MICP organism. When cells of S. ureae were concentrated
(OD600 ∼ 15–20) and mixed with cementation medium
containing 0.5 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) and urea into a model sand,
repeated treatments (3 × 24 h) were able to improve the confined direct shear
strength of samples from 15.77 kPa to as much as 135.80 kPa. This was more
than any other organism observed in the study. Imaging of the reinforced
samples with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy
confirmed the successful precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
across sand particles by S. ureae. Treated samples were also tested
experimentally according to model North American climatic conditions to
understand the environmental durability of MICP. No statistically significant
(p < 0.05, n= 3) difference in strength was observed for samples
that underwent freeze–thaw cycling or flood-like simulations. However, shear
strength of samples following acid rain simulations fell to 29.2 % of
control MICP samples. Overall, the species S. ureae was found to be
an excellent organism for MICP by ureolysis to achieve ground strengthening.
However, the feasibility of MICP as a durable reinforcement technique is
limited by specific climate conditions (i.e. acid rain).
The importance of tree demography and root water uptake for modelling the carbon and water cycles of Amazonia
Authors: Joetzjer Emilie , Maignan Fabienne , Chave Jérôme , Goll Daniel , Poulter Ben , Barichivich Jonathan , Maréchaux Isabelle , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Guimberteau Matthieu , Naudts Kim , Bonal Damien , Ciais Philippe
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Amazonian forest plays a crucial role in regulating the carbon and water cycles in the global climate system. However, the representation of biogeochemical fluxes and forest structure in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) remains challenging. This situation has considerable implications for modelling the state and dynamics of Amazonian forest. To address these limitations, we present an adaptation of the ORCHIDEE-CAN DGVM, a second-generation DGVM that explicitly models tree demography and canopy structure with an allometry-based carbon allocation scheme and accounts for hydraulic architecture in the soil-stem-leaf continuum. We use two versions of this DGVM: the first one (CAN) includes a new parameterization for Amazonian forest; the second one (CAN-RS) additionally includes a mechanistic root water uptake module, which models the hydraulic resistance of the water transfer from soil pores to roots. We compared the results with the simulation output of the big-leaf standard version of the ORCHIDEE DGVM (TRUNK) and with observations of turbulent energy and CO2 fluxes at flux tower locations, of carbon stocks and stand density at inventory plots and observation-based models of photosynthesis (GPP) and evapotranspiration (LE) across the Amazon basin. CAN-RS reproduced observed carbon and water fluxes and carbon stocks as well as TRUNK across Amazonia, both at local and at regional scales. In CAN-RS, water uptake by tree roots in the deepest soil layers during the dry season significantly improved the modelling of GPP and LE seasonal cycles, especially over the Guianan and Brazilian Shields. These results imply that explicit coupling of the water and carbon cycles improves the representation of biogeochemical cycles in Amazonia and their spatial variability. Representing the variation in the ecological functioning of Amazonia should be the next step to improve the performance and predictive ability of new generation DGVMs.
Developing a decision support tool for assessing land use change and BMPs in ungauged watersheds based on decision rules provided by SWAT simulation
Authors: Qi Junyu , Li Sheng , Bourque Charles P.-A. , Xing Zisheng , Meng Fan-Rui
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Decision making on water resources management at ungauged, especially
large-scale watersheds relies on hydrological modeling. Physically based
distributed hydrological models require complicated setup, calibration, and
validation processes, which may delay their acceptance among decision makers.
This study presents an approach to develop a simple decision support
tool (DST) for decision makers and economists to evaluate multiyear impacts
of land use change and best management practices (BMPs) on water quantity and quality for ungauged
watersheds. The example DST developed in the present study was based on
statistical equations derived from Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
simulations and applied to a small experimental watershed in northwest New
Brunswick. The DST was subsequently tested against field measurements and
SWAT simulations for a larger watershed. Results from DST could reproduce
both field data and model simulations of annual stream discharge and sediment
and nutrient loadings. The relative error of mean annual discharge and
sediment, nitrate–nitrogen, and soluble-phosphorus loadings were −6, −52,
27, and −16 %, respectively, for long-term simulation. Compared with
SWAT, DST has fewer input requirements and can be applied to multiple
watersheds without additional calibration. Also, scenario analyses with DST
can be directly conducted for different combinations of land use and BMPs
without complex model setup procedures. The approach in developing DST can be
applied to other regions of the world because of its flexible structure.
Dynamics of water fluxes and storages in an Alpine karst catchment under current and potential future climate conditions
Authors: Chen Zhao , Hartmann Andreas , Wagener Thorsten , Goldscheider Nico
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Karst aquifers are difficult to manage due to their unique
hydrogeological characteristics. Future climate projections suggest a strong
change in temperature and precipitation regimes in European karst regions
over the next decades. Alpine karst systems can be especially vulnerable
under changing hydro-meteorological conditions since snowmelt in mountainous
environments is an important controlling process for aquifer recharge and is
highly sensitive to varying climatic conditions. Our paper presents the first
study to investigate potential impacts of climate change on mountainous karst
systems by using a combined lumped and distributed modeling approach with
consideration of subsurface karst drainage structures. The study site is
characterized by high-permeability (karstified) limestone formations and low-permeability
(non-karst) sedimentary Flysch. The model simulation under
current conditions demonstrates that a large proportion of precipitation
infiltrates into the karst aquifer as autogenic recharge. Moreover, the
result shows that surface snow storage is dominant from November to April,
while subsurface water storage in the karst aquifer dominates from May to
October. The climate scenario runs demonstrate that varied climate conditions
significantly affect the spatiotemporal distribution of water fluxes and
storages: (1) the total catchment discharge decreases under all
evaluated future climate conditions. (2) The spatiotemporal discharge
pattern is strongly controlled by temperature variations, which can shift the
seasonal snowmelt pattern, with snow storage in the cold season (December to
April) decreasing significantly under all change scenarios. (3) Increased
karst aquifer recharge in winter and spring, and decreased recharge in summer
and autumn, partly offset each other. (4) Impacts on the karst springs are
distinct; the lowest permanent spring presents a “robust” discharge
behavior, while the highest overflow outlet is highly sensitive to changing
climate. This analysis effectively demonstrates that the impacts on
subsurface flow dynamics are regulated by the characteristic dual flow and
spatially heterogeneous distributed drainage structure of the karst aquifer.
Overall, our study highlights the fast groundwater dynamics in mountainous
karst catchments, which make them highly vulnerable to future changing
climate conditions. Additionally, this work presents a novel holistic
modeling approach, which can be transferred to similar karst systems for
studying the impact of climate change on local karst water resources with
consideration of their individual hydrogeological complexity and hydraulic
heterogeneity.
Estimating epikarst water storage by time-lapse surface-to-depth gravity measurements
Authors: Champollion Cédric , Deville Sabrina , Chéry Jean , Doerflinger Erik , Le Moigne Nicolas , Bayer Roger , Vernant Philippe , Mazzilli Naomi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The magnitude of epikarstic water storage variation is evaluated in various
karst settings using a relative spring gravimeter. Gravity measurements are
performed over a 1.5-year period at the surface and inside caves at
different depths on three karst hydro-systems in southern France: two
limestone karst systems and one dolomite karst system. We find that
significant water storage variations occur in the first 10 m of karst
unsaturated zone. The subsurface water storage is also evidenced by
complementary magnetic resonance sounding. The comparison between sites of
the depth gravity measurements with respect to net water inflow suggests that
seasonal water storage depends on the lithology. The transmissive function of
the epikarst on the seasonal scale has been deduced from the water storage
change estimation. Long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months)
transfer times are revealed in the dolomite and in the limestone
respectively.
Low salinity as a biosecurity tool for minimizing biofouling on ship sea chests
Authors: de Castro Maria Cecilia T. , Vance Thomas , Yunnie Anna L. E. , Fileman Timothy W. , Hall-Spencer Jason M.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Biofouling is a major vector in the transfer of non-native species around the
world. Species can be transported on virtually all submerged areas of ships
(e.g. hulls, sea chests, propellers) and so antifouling systems are used to
reduce fouling. However, with increased regulation of biocides used in
antifoulants (e.g. the International Maritime Organization tributyltin ban
in 2008), there is a need to find efficient and sustainable alternatives.
Here, we tested the hypothesis that short doses of low salinity water could
be used to kill fouling species in sea chests. Settlement panels were
suspended at 1.5 m depth in a Plymouth marina for 24 months by which time
they had developed mature biofouling assemblages. We exposed these panels to
three different salinities (7, 20 and 33) for 2 hours using a model sea
chest placed in the marina and flushed with freshwater. Fouling organism
diversity and abundance were assessed before panels were treated, immediately
after treatment, and then 1 week and 1 month later. Some native ascidian
Dendrodoa grossularia survived, but all other macrobenthos were
killed by the salinity 7 treatment after 1 week. The salinity 20 treatment was not
effective at killing the majority of fouling organisms. On the basis of these
results, we propose that sea chests be flushed with freshwater for at least
2 hours before ships leave port. This would not cause unnecessary delays or
costs and could be a major step forward in improving biosecurity.
First evidence of active transpressive surface faulting at the front of the eastern Southern Alps, northeastern Italy: insight on the 1511 earthquake seismotectonics
Authors: Falcucci Emanuela , Poli Maria Eliana , Galadini Fabrizio , Scardia Giancarlo , Paiero Giovanni , Zanferrari Adriano
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We investigated the eastern corner of northeastern Italy, where a system of NW–SE-trending dextral strike-slip faults of western Slovenia intersects the south-verging fold and thrust belt of the eastern Southern Alps. The area suffered the largest earthquakes of the region, among which are the 1511 (Mw 6.3) event and the two major shocks of the 1976 seismic sequence, with Mw = 6.4 and 6.1. The Colle Villano thrust and the Borgo Faris–Cividale strike-slip fault have been here first analyzed by interpreting industrial seismic lines and then by performing morphotectonic and paleoseismological analyses. These different datasets indicate that the two structures define an active, coherent transpressive fault system that was activated twice in the past two millennia, with the last event occurring around the 15th–17th century. The chronological information and the location of the investigated fault system suggest its activation during the 1511 earthquake.
Circumpolar patterns of potential mean annual ground temperature based on surface state obtained from microwave satellite data
Authors: Kroisleitner Christine , Bartsch Annett , Bergstedt Helena
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Gap filling is required for temporally and spatially consistent records of land
surface temperature from satellite data due to clouds or snow cover. Land
surface state, frozen versus unfrozen conditions, can be, however, captured
globally with satellite data obtained by microwave sensors. The number of
frozen days per year has been previously proposed to be used for permafrost
extent determination. This suggests an underlying relationship between number
of frozen days and mean annual ground temperature (MAGT). We tested this
hypothesis for the Northern Hemisphere north of 50∘ N using
coarse-spatial-resolution microwave satellite data (Metop Advanced
SCATterometer – ASCAT – and Special Sensor Microwave Imager – SSM/I; 12.5
and 25 km nominal resolution; 2007–2012), which provide the necessary
temporal sampling. The MAGT from GTN-P (Global Terrestrial Network for
Permafrost) borehole records at the coldest sensor depth was tested for
validity in order to build a comprehensive in situ data set for calibration
and validation and was eventually applied. Results are discussed with respect
to snow water equivalent, soil properties, land cover and permafrost type.
The obtained temperature maps were classified for permafrost extent and
compared to alternative approaches. An R2 of 0.99 was found for correlation between and MAGT at zero annual
amplitude provided in GTN-P metadata and MAGT at the coldest sensor depth. The
latter could be obtained with an RMSE of 2.2 ∘C from ASCAT and
2.5 ∘C from SSM/I surface state records using a linear model. The
average deviation within the validation period is less than 1 ∘C at
locations without glaciers and coastlines within the resolution cell in the case
of ASCAT. The exclusion of snow melt days (available for ASCAT) led to better
results. This suggests that soil warming under wet snow cover needs to be
accounted for in this context. Specifically Scandinavia and western Russia
are affected. In addition, MAGT at the coldest sensor depth was overestimated in
areas with a certain amount of organic material and in areas of cold
permafrost. The derived permafrost extent differed between the used data sets
and methods. Deviations are high in central Siberia, for example. We show that
microwave-satellite-derived surface state records can provide an
estimation of not only permafrost extent but also MAGT without the need for gap
filling. This applies specifically to ASCAT. The deviations among the
tested data sets, their spatial patterns as well as in relation to
environmental conditions, revealed areas which need special attention for
modelling of MAGT.
La genericidad en español: perspectiva contrastiva con el chino
Authors: 鹿秀川 Xiuchuan Lu
Published: July 2018

El concepto de genericidad existe en todas lenguas humanas. En este trabajo estudiamos las diferentes formas genéricas en español. No solo revelamos sus rasgos semánticos y sintácticos sino también la analizamos desde perspectiva contrastiva con el chino. Encontramos que en chino, una lengua sin el sistema de artículos, también existen formas similares para expresar la genericidad, que son el nombre escueto, la estructura con el numeral yī (uno) -- yī + Cl + N y la estructura con los demostrativos y los clasificadores especiales que expresan la clase o especie-- zhè (este)/ nà (aquel) + zhǒng (tipo)/ lèi(especie) + N. Nos damos cuenta de que las distintas formas genéricas, sea en español o en chino, presentan unos matices en su base semántica o cognitiva. Además, sufren limitaciones cuando ocupen diferentes posiciones sintácticas en una oración. Repasando “la Hipótesis de la Universalidad de la Genericidad de los Grupos Nominales Escuetos” de Liu (2002), intentamos plantear nuestra propia propuesta nueva que denominamos como “la Hipótesis de la Genericidad Latente de los SSNN Escuetos en Español”. Con esta teoría se pueda entender mejor y con más facilidad los rasgos semánticos y sintácticos de la genericidad de español.
Análisis sub-léxico de la polisemia del verbo direccional qǐlái (‘levantarse’) en chino
Authors: 邹晓 Xiao Zou
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo pretende realizar un análisis sub-léxico del comportamiento del verbo direccional qǐlái (‘levantarse’) en la lengua china, especialmente cuando este es utilizado como marcador aspectual. Se inscribe en el modelo teórico del Lexicón Generativo formulado por Pustejovsky (1991, 1995), y se sirve de la clasificación de los eventos propuesta por De Miguel y Fernández Lagunilla (2000, 2004, 2007). El análisis demuestra que en la construcción Predicado +qǐlái (‘levantarse’), los rasgos subléxicos de ambas partes interactúan y determinan juntos el significado de la nueva combinación. Por una parte, este estudio demuestra la existencia de una estructura subeventiva y la prominencia relativa entre los subeventos y por otra parte rati ica la hip tesis de ue el contenido léxico de las palabras legitima o excluye sus combinaciones en la sintaxis.
Voces y expresiones del argot juvenil madrileño actual
Authors: Cianca Aguilar Elena , Gavilanes Franco Emilio
Published: July 2018

Precedido de unas notas en las que se señalan algunas de las líneas generales del argot juvenil madrileño actual, este trabajo recoge las voces y expresiones más características de este lenguaje, ordenadas a manera de diccionario, alfabéticamente, proporcionando en cada caso definiciones, explicaciones y ejemplos que permiten conocer su uso, y señalando en muchas ocasiones las diferencias con el argot juvenil de generaciones anteriores.
Diccionario Español de Definiciones
Authors: A. Fuertes-Olivera Pedro , Bergenholtz Henning
Published: July 2018

El artículo se sitúa en el marco teórico de la Teoría Funcional de la Lexicografía al defender que un diccionario, por ejemplo el diccionario español de definiciones que presentamos, es una herramienta de información diseñada para ayudar a un usuario tipo, por ejemplo un ser humano o un programa informático, a solucionar un problema de comprensión en una situación de recepción, es decir, cuando está leyendo o escuchando un mensaje. Este diccionario tiene alrededor de 80.000 entradas y es un integrante de un portal lexicográfico con objetivos comerciales, Diccionarios Valladolid-UVa, financiado y diseñado por el esfuerzo conjunto de varios investigadores de las universidades de Valladolid y Aarhus y de la empresa danesa Odbogen A/S. El diccionario soluciona una de las lagunas observadas en la lexicografía española en donde no hay diccionarios de definiciones sino diccionarios generales definitorios, y para ello defiende ideas novedosas como son las siguientes: (a) la discusión sobre la naturaleza del significado está fuera del ámbito de la lexicografía; (b) los datos lexicográficos deben ser correctos, pero “correcto” no es lo mismo que “verdadero” en lexicografía; (c) la selección de los datos lexicográficos a incluir en el diccionario debe estar basada en las necesidades del usuario evitando en todo momento la sobre carga informativa; (d) un diccionario de internet como el diccionario español de definiciones es un diccionario dinámico con artículos dinámicos necesarios para favorecer el proceso de individualización que se configura como “el Santo Grial” de la lexicografía de internet; (e) para poder hacer este tipo de diccionarios hay que diseñar ex profeso los tres componentes básicos de un diccionario de internet, a saber, la base de datos lexicográfica o editor, el motor de búsqueda y la interfaz del diccionario. Los paquetes informático comerciales existentes en la actualidad no permiten la flexibilidad necesaria para el desarrollo de diccionarios dinámicos.
Factores determinantes de la competencia comunicativa en español de trabajadores inmigrantes residentes en Madrid
Authors: Mavrou Irini , Martín Leralta Susana
Published: July 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la influencia de una serie de variables individuales y sociodemográficas en la competencia comunicativa en español de adultos inmigrantes residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid. Para ello, se utilizaron las puntuaciones de estos informantes en el Diploma LETRA y se optó por un diseño mixto (correlacional y factorial intersujeto). Los principales resultados fueron los siguientes: (a) los informantes más jóvenes tendieron a obtener una mayor puntuación en la prueba de comprensión audiovisual, mientras que los de mayor edad alcanzaron una puntuación más alta en la prueba de comprensión lectora; (b) el tiempo de residencia en España correlacionó de manera positiva y estadísticamente significativa con la nota en las pruebas de comprensión lectora, expresión e interacción orales y nota final en el Diploma LETRA; (c) el nivel educativo tuvo un impacto significativo en casi todas las destrezas evaluadas, a excepción de la expresión e interacción orales; (d) en líneas generales, fueron los informantes de lengua romance, baltoeslava y afroasiática los que obtuvieron una mayor puntuación en las diferentes pruebas del Diploma LETRA; además, en la prueba de expresión e interacción escritas el primer grupo superó de manera significativa a todos los demás.
“The Fixity of Whiteness”: Genetic Admixture and the Legacy of the One-Drop Rule
Authors: Liz Jordan
Published: July 2018

There has been increasing attention given to the way in which racial genetic clusters are constructed within population genetics. In particular, some scholars have argued that the conception of “whiteness” presupposed is such analyses is inherently problematic. In light of these ongoing discussions, this article aims to further clarify and develop this implicit relationship between whiteness, purity and contemporary genetics by offering a Foucauldian critique of the discourse of race within these genetic admixture studies. The goals of this article, then, are twofold: first, to unearth some of the presuppositions operative in this genetics discourse that make possible a biological conception of race; and second, to examine some of the social and historical origins of those presuppositions. To this end, this article provides a brief genealogy of racial purity beginning with its formal legal codification in the one-drop rule.
Fidelity, Betrayals, and Contingent Utopian Solidarity in Thomas Pynchon's Vineland
Authors: Kolbuszewska Zofia
Published: July 2018

This article addresses Thomas Pynchon's examination in Vineland of utopian desire that gives rise to the flawed and contingent solidarity of those victimized and hurt by American history. The Reaganite media appropriations of representations of the 1960s cultural and political revolution and mediated history of the political betrayals that contributed to the failure of political communities in the 1960s and 1970s are coupled in Pynchon's novel with an aesthetic reflection about the relationship between mimesis and fidelity. The utopian promise in Vineland is presented as inseparable from violent irruptions of past traumas into the present. In invoking a spectralized traumatic history of America, Pynchon inscribes the novel in the tradition of cryptomimetic writing. In conclusion it is demonstrated that, according to the writer, contingent and imperfect utopian solidarity with the living and the dead is the only, precarious, mainstay against fascist appropriations of the narrative of America.
Educación y crecimiento inclusivo. Este artículo es el resultado del conversatorio con el Dr. Óscar Cabrera
Authors: González Mauricio
Published: July 2018

No hay resúmenes disponiblesAKADEMOS, Año 11, Vol. 2, No 29, Julio-Diciembre 2017: 25-57
Who Makes the Grade? Research Comparing Self, Peer and Instructor Grades in College
Authors: Atkinson Kayla , Sanchez Carmen E. , Koenka Alison C. , Moshontz Hannah , Cooper Harris
Published: July 2018

With the increase in large college classes and online education, student grading of their own work and that of peers is also increasing in frequency. This meta-analysis of 36 studies and 103 effect sizes examined several questions regarding the relationship between grades assigned by college students (either to themselves or peers) and those assigned by their instructors on the same assessment. On average, students graded themselves .41 standard deviations higher than their instructors. The grade distribution correlation between the two types of graders averaged r=.71. Inter-judge reliability estimates suggested that a range of 2-4 peer-graders are needed in order to attain the same level of reliability achieved by the instructor. Little research was found on the effect of student grading on subsequent student performance. Moderator analyses revealed that differences between graders appeared to be minimized when (a) students are grading a peer’s work rather then their own, (b) they are in their freshman versus sophomore, junior or senior year, (c) some form of training is given, (d) assessment has lower stakes, (e) more objective tests are given, and (f) course content is English, social science, or professional versus science or engineering. These results have implications for what contexts best facilitate the use of students as graders, and bring to light areas where future research is needed.
Compost Biofilters for Protection of Environmentally Sensitive Areas Receiving Roadway Runoff
Authors: McTaggart Duncan , Trenouth William R , Stajowski Stephen , Farghaly Hani , Gharabaghi Bahram
Published: July 2018

Runoff from roads is well recognized as containing a host of heavy metals that may degrade water quality. This awareness has driven a focus towards management strategies intended to attenuate the transport of heavy metals to nearby water bodies. Composted biomass has been shown to have the ability to retain common roadway runoff pollutants, leading to interest in its use as a filter material for the protection of environmentally sensitive areas. Compost biofilters can be constructed in a tubular geometry to intercept surface flow and can be amended with polymers for the targeted removal of specific pollutants. Addressing the need for validation of this concept under field conditions, commercially available tubular biofilters with three different polymeric amendments were studied to assess their efficiency in removing heavy metals and total suspended solids. The filters each contained a mixture of municipal compost and were installed in series as a treatment train adjacent to a busy section of highway 401 in southern Ontario, Canada. Untreated inflow concentrations of chromium, cadmium, copper and lead exceeded Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQO). The biofilter treatment train reduced chromium to below its PWQO, while copper remained above. Results demonstrate removal efficiencies for the treatment train ranging from 15.5% (nickel) to 93.6% (chromium). The low removal efficiency of nickel is attributed in part to its low inflow concentration. Each consecutive filter also reduced TSS concentrations, with an event mean removal efficiency of 50% for the treatment train as a whole.
Characterization of Potential Direct Recharge in the Gold Mining District of South-Western Ghana Using the Hydrus-1D Computer Code
Authors: Sam Frederick , Amoako George , Sefa-Ntiri Baah , Twum Anthony , Mensah-Amoah P. , Tellam John
Published: July 2018

The mean annual potential recharge rate to the ground water system in the Tarkwa gold mining district of South Western Ghana, has been estimated for the period 1977 to 2001 by analyzing precipitation recharge in response to rainfall pattern and distribution for the four main soil types; Huni, Tarkwa Phyllite, Banket and Kawere. Using the Hydrus-1D infiltration computer code model, simulation results of recharge-precipitation exhibited a linear relationship, and gave correlation coefficient values R2 ranging from 0.39 to 0.55 for the four soil types and 0.72 for the composite soil. Variability of annual recharge was assigned to various reasons, including the variation in the weather pattern (rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration etc), topography and hydraulic properties of the aquifer system. The potential direct recharge rate was estimated to range from 269 mm/yr to 611 mm/yr, with an average value of 385 mm/yr. This is as a result of infiltration of about 18% to 36% (average 27%) of the mean annual precipitation. The high average value of 385 mm/yr is reasonable on the basis that it represents the potential maximum value of the actual recharge value of 299±72 mm/yr.
Data confidentiality and computations hiding in cloud services for public administration
Authors: Horubała Aleksandra , Waszkiewicz Daniel , Andrzejczak Michał , Sapiecha Piotr
Published: July 2018

Cloud services are gaining interest and are very interesting option for public administration. Although, there is a lot of concern about security and privacy of storing personal data in cloud. In this work mathematical tools for securing data and hiding computations are presented. Data privacy is obtained by using homomorphic encryption schemes. Computation hiding is done by algorithm cryptographic obfuscation. Both primitives are presented and their application for public administration is discussed.
Modeling of the Cs137 and Sr90 contamination transportation process performed for the vicinity of National Radioactive Wastes Disposal in Różan (NE Poland)
Authors: Miecznik Magdalena , Mietelski Jerzy, Wojciech , Łokas Edyta , Kleszcz Krzysztof
Published: July 2018

This paper contains the results of radionuclides transportation modeling under National Radioactive Waste Disposal (NRWD) grounds in Różan (northeast Poland). The disposal is of the low- and intermediate-level waste (LILW) type. We simulated the radionuclides transportation process through sandy soils. The simulation was performed in a self-written simulator in Scilab using the finite difference method. The model included diffusion, advection and radioactive decay. The model was tested according to convergence and stability. Assuming the hydrological gradient being 0.008, the contamination transportation time was 30–46 years depending on the modeled problem. The modeled distance of 600 m was from underneath the disposal to the exudation in the Narew ravine. Radioactive decay for both cesium (Cs137) and strontium (Sr90) had a significant impact on the results. The model proved to be a useful tool for performing simple scientific simulations. This survey was part of a PhD thesis.
Spanish versión of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS): A Reliability and Validity study in a simple of Spanish Elderly People
Authors: Lomas Martínez Diego , Fernández Muñoz Juan José , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza
Published: July 2018

The psychometric properties of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) were analyzed in a sample of 216 Spanish elderly people with an average age of 73.89 (SD = 6.49). An exploratory factor analysis and confirm­atory factor analysis were developed in order to identify the factorial solution and the best model fit. Just on factor was identified. Regarding reliability and validity, internal consistency index was .757 and the correlation between the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) and measures of others construct, General Health Question­naire (GHQ) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (CESD), were significance. The practical implications of the scale and the index values obtained are discussed.
Adaptación y Validación del Test of Emotion Comprehension en escolares cubanos
Authors: Angulo Gallo Lisandra , Guerra Morales Vivian Margarita , Blanco Consuegra Yipsandra
Published: July 2018

ResumenLa comprensión emocional en los niños incluye todo un conjunto de habilidades para entender las emociones propias y ajenas. Para la evaluación de este constructo fue construido por Pons y colaboradores (Pons, Harris y de Rosnay, 2004) el Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC). El trabajo realizado constituye la adaptación de la prueba para la población de niños cubanos de 8 a 10 años, teniendo como objetivo analizar algunas de sus propiedades psicométricas. Para ello se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo instrumental, con una muestra de 200 escolares seleccionados aleatoriamente. El procesamiento de los datos se hizo mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0, específicamente se determinó la confiabilidad de la prueba a partir del método test-retest, así como la correlación entre la escala y el ítem global, empleándose el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se efectuó el análisis factorial confirmatorio, con el uso del programa AMOS 21.0, utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para determinar la validez de constructo del TEC. Los resultados muestran una elevada correlación entre los resultados de la primera y la segunda aplicación de la prueba que avalan su estabilidad temporal y confiabilidad. Se determinó que el modelo presenta un buen ajuste, según los índices consultados, garantizando su aplicabilidad en los niños cubanos. AbstractEmotional understanding in children includes a whole set of skills to understand one's own and others' emotions. For the evaluation of this construct was constructed by Pons and collaborators (Pons, Harris y de Rosnay, 2004) the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC). The work carried out constitutes the adaptation of the test for the population of Cuban children aged 8 to 10 years, aiming to analyze some of their psychometric properties. For this, a quantitative study, of an instrumental type, was carried out with a sample of 200 randomly selected students. The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS 21.0. The reliability of the test was determined from the test-retest method, as well as the correlation between the scale and the global item, using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the AMOS 21.0 program, using structural equation models to determine the construct validity of the TEC. The results show a high correlation between the results of the first and the second application of the test that support its temporal stability and reliability. It was determined that the model presents a good fit, according to the indexes consulted, guaranteeing its applicability in Cuban children.
Familias numerosas e ira en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física
Authors: González García Higinio , Pelegrín Antonia
Published: July 2018

ResumenLos objetivos fueron: (a) Conocer las diferencias en la ira en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física criados en familias numerosas y no numerosas; (b) Comprobar las di­ferencias en la ira en deportistas criados en familias nume­rosas y no numerosas; (c) Conocer las diferencias en la ira en deportistas criados en familias numerosas y no nume­rosas con éxitos nacionales. La muestra fue 442 deportis­tas y practicantes de actividad física. Se utilizó el Inventa­rio de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-II) y la Es­cala de Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta (INF-OV). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en ira rasgo, temperamento, expresión interna e índice de expre­sión. Cuando se analizó al grupo de deportistas, exclu­yendo a los practicantes de actividad física, se encontraron diferencias significativas en ira rasgo, temperamento, ex­ ex­presión externa e índice de expresión. Por otra parte, los deportistas con éxitos nacionales mostraron diferencias significativas en la reacción de ira. Se concluyó que los deportistas y practicantes de actividad física criados en fa­milias numerosas pueden poseer menores niveles de ira que los de familias no numerosas. Por lo tanto, el número de hermanos ha de ser tenido en cuenta como variable de riesgo en los deportistas que presentan altos niveles de esta emoción.AbstractThe objectives were: (a) To know the differences in anger in athletes and physical activity practitioners raised in large and non-numerous families; (b) Check the differences in anger in athletes raised in large families and not numer­ous; (c) Know the differences in anger in athletes raised in large families and not numerous with national successes. The sample consisted of 442 athletes and physical activity practitioners. To measure the different variables were used, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-II) and the Oviedo Scale of Infrequency of Response (INF-OV). The results showed significant differences in trait an­ger, temperament, internal anger expression and anger ex­pression index. When the group of athletes was analysed separately, excluding the physical activity practitioners’ group, the results showed significant differences in trait anger, temperament, external anger expression and anger expression index. On the other hand, athletes with national successes showed significant differences in anger reac­tion. It was concluded that athletes and physical activity practitioners grown up in large families have lower levels of anger than those of non-numerous families. Therefore, the number of siblings must be considered as a risk varia­ble in athletes who have high levels of this emotion.
Percepciones sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa de las empresas: relación con las actitudes y conductas de sus clientes
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Sergio Antonio , Topa Gabriela
Published: July 2018

ResumenEl presente estudio explora la relación entre las percepcio­nes de una muestra de clientes sobre la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) de las empresas del IBEX 35 y sus actitudes y conductas. Las percepciones de los clientes sobre la RSC de las empresas del IBEX 35 se relacionan con el beneficio percibido, con el valor percibido de los servicios o productos de la empresa y con la intención de compra o adquisición futura del producto o servicio. La muestra ha estado formada por 1011 clientes de las empre­sas cotizantes en el IBEX 35. A partir de los resultados se afirma que las tres dimensiones de la RSC percibida por los clientes son diferentes entre sí, y que se relacionan po­sitiva y significativamente con el beneficio, el valor perci­bido y la intención de compra de los clientes. Las aporta­ciones de este estudio permitirán enlazar las actividades sociales de las empresas y el grado de motivación de los consumidores, relaciones éstas que se convierten en esen­ciales a la hora del diseño de los productos y / o servicios de las empresas.AbstractThe present study aims to empirically explore the relation­ship between perceptions of Corporate Social Responsi­bility (CSR) of IBEX 35 companies’ customers, their atti­tudes and behaviors. The relationship between the custom­ers’ perception of CSR of the IBEX 35 companies with their products or services’ perceived benefit and perceived value and with customers’ buying intention of their prod­ucts or services is empirically analyzed. The sample in­cludes 1011 clients of the IBEX 35 companies. The results supported that the three dimensions of the CSR perceived by the clients are different from each other, and that they are related positively and significantly with the benefit, the perceived value and the customers’ purchase intention. The study contributions will link the Firm’s CSR activities with the degree of motivation of consumers, relationships that become essential when designing companies’ prod­ucts and / or services.
Dimensionalidad y propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego
Authors: Moya Arroyo José Javier , Carrasco Miguel Ángel , Sierra García Purificación
Published: July 2018

ResumenLa Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) es un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego basado en un procedimiento de completar historias. El objetivo principal de este estudio se basa en el análisis de la estructura y las propiedades psicométricas del EAN a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios sobre una muestra constituida por 115 niños y niñas españoles de entre 8 y 13 años (63 % niños). Otras dos muestras procedentes de una población en situación de riesgo psicosocial y de una población clínica fueron comparadas con la muestra principal con el fin de obtener evidencias de validez criterial. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una estructura interna compuesta de 4 factores que se refieren a reacciones del niño (positiva, confiada, negativa y desconfiada) y cinco factores referidos a interacciones niño-figura de apego (empática, confiada, positiva, negativa y desconfiada). Las escalas han demostrada una adecuada consistencia interna. La comparación de las escalas entre el grupo general y los grupos criteriales, y las correlaciones con los constructos relacionados indicaron una buena validez de constructo.AbstractThe Children Attachment Interview (EAN) is a new instrument based on story telling reports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and basic psychometric properties of the EAN through exploratory factor analyses based on a sample of 115 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years (63 % boys). Another two matched samples from the risk social population and clinical population were compared with the main sample in order to obtain criterial validity. Findings reveal a multi-internal structure composed of four factors that refer to children´s reactions (positive, trustful, negative and mistrustful) and five factors that refer to child-attachment figure interactions (empathic, trustful, positive, rivalry and pro-arousal). Scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The comparison of scales between general and criterial groups, and correlations with related constructs indicate good construct validity.