bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency Modulation System and speech perception in the classroom: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bertachini Ana Lívia Libardi , Pupo Altair Cadrobbi , Morettin Marina , Martinez Maria Angelina Nardi , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília , Moret Adriane Lima Mortari , Balen Sheila Andreoli , Jacob Regina Tangerino de Souza
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: This review aimed at presenting the benefits regarding the speech perception in noise shown by children who wear hearing aid devices and/or cochlear implants with the Frequency Modulation (FM) System at school. RESEARCH STRATEGY: A bibliographic survey was conducted in an electronic database with standardized search until the year 2012, and a manual search was performed by using specific keywords. SELECTION CRITERIA: For the selection and evaluation of the scientific studies chosen in the search, criteria were established covering the following aspects: type of study, participants, adopted intervention, and evaluation of results. DATA ANALYSIS: The FM system was verified to improve speech perception and speech threshold in noise in all studies. RESULTS: Regarding the performance as to type, the best results were obtained when children used the personal FM system, followed by the table and the sound field systems. CONCLUSION: After extensive review of national and international literature, it was concluded that the studies indicate the need for further research concerning mainly the impact of the FM system on the school performance of children who have sensory devices coupled to the FM system. Findings in the literature with relation to the publications focused on speech perception in noise did not relate educational and auditory aspects.
Characteristics of the acquisition of sonorant consonants orthography in Brazilian children from a São Paulo municipality
Authors: Vaz Suellen , Pezarini Isabela de Oliveira , Paschoal Larissa , Chacon Lourenço
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To describe the spelling performance of children with regard to the record of sonorant consonants in Brazilian Portuguese language, to verify if the errors in their records were influenced by the accent in the word, and to categorize the kinds of errors found. METHODS: For this current survey, 801 text productions were selected as a result of the development of 14 different thematic proposals, prepared by 76 children from the first grade of primary school, in 2001, coming from two schools of a city from São Paulo, Brazil. Of these productions, all words with sonorant consonants in a syllabic position of simple onset were selected. They were then organized as they appeared as pre-tonic, tonic, and post-tonic syllables, unstressed and tonic monosyllables. RESULTS: The following was observed: the number of hits was extremely higher than that of errors; higher occurrence of errors in non-accented syllables; higher occurrence of phonological substitutions followed by omissions and, at last, orthographic substitutions; and higher number of substitutions that involved graphemes referring to the sonorant class. CONCLUSION: Considering the distribution of orthographic data between hits and errors, as well as their relationship with phonetic-phonological aspects, may contribute to the comprehension of school difficulties, which are usually found in the first years of literacy instruction.
Acoustic reflex on newborns: the influence of the 226 and 1,000 Hz probes
Authors: Jacob-Corteletti Lilian Cássia Bórnia , Duarte Josilene Luciene , Zucki Fernanda , Mariotto Luciane Domingues Figueiredo , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To analyze the occurrence of acoustic reflex and its threshold on newborns using the 226 and 1,000 Hz probes. METHODS: Thirty-six newborns with "PASS" results in newborn hearing screening and tympanogram with one or two peaks for both probe tones were included. Group I comprised 20 full-term newborns without risk indicator for hearing loss, and Group II comprised 16 newborns with at least one risk indicator. The study about ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds was conducted in 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. RESULTS: The groups presented the acoustic reflex thresholds between 50 and 100 dB for both probe tones. In the comparison between the probes, there were differences in all frequencies evaluated in Group I, with the lowest threshold mean for the 1,000 Hz probe. In Group II, differences were detected at 2,000 Hz. The mean acoustic reflex thresholds were similar in both groups for the 226 Hz probe. There was a difference for the 1,000 Hz probe in all tested frequencies. The percentage of response was higher in both groups for the 1,000 Hz probe. The kappa test showed extremely poor agreement in the comparison of results between both probes. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of acoustic reflex was higher in newborns and its thresholds were lower with the 1,000 Hz probe both for healthy newborns and for newborns at risk.
The impact of noise exposure on workers in Mobile Support Units
Authors: Oliveira Rafaella Cristina , Santos Juliana Nunes , Rabelo Alessandra Terra Vasconcelos , Magalhães Max de Castro
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To investigate the presence of auditory and nonauditory symptoms in professionals working in ambulances. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. Thirty-six professionals working in mobile support units, including drivers and nursing technicians from two private urgency and emergency services in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, participated in the study. A questionnaire containing 17 multiple-choice questions was applied to the participants with questions regarding life history and occupation, family history of hearing loss, use of medications, and presence of auditory and nonauditory symptoms, among others. The professionals answered the questionnaire individually, in their workplaces, and received help from the researcher to understand the content of questions, if needed. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16.0. RESULTS: The most reported auditory symptoms were tinnitus, intolerance to intense sounds, and ear plenitude. The most reported nonauditory symptoms were irritability, headache, talking difficulties in noisy environments, and sleep alterations. A difference (p≤0.05) was observed when the relation between self-perception of drivers and nursing technicians on hearing acuity, presence of tinnitus, irritability, and communication difficulty was analyzed. CONCLUSION: Auditory and nonauditory symptoms are frequent in workers from mobile support units. An association between the worker's symptoms and the performed function was also observed. The results indicate a need of developing preventive actions regarding general health, which are aimed at the preservation of hearing health and quality of life of these professionals.
Relationship between clinical and instrumental assessment of the tongue in healthy young adults
Authors: Rezende Bárbara Antunes , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Casas Estevam Barbosa de Las , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To verify the association of tongue clinical evaluation aspects with quantitative evaluation of tongue force. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 48 healthy adults, 13 men and 35 women (ages 20-44 years; mean - M=24.8 years; standard deviation - SD=5.3 years). By clinical evaluation, the following aspects were checked: tongue force, alternate movements, snap, suction and vibration of the tongue. The evaluator also checked if the floor of the mouth elevated during tasks of tongue elevation and sucking tongue on palate and the occurrence of lingual tremor. Quantitative evaluation was accomplished using the FORLING instrument. It is composed of a piston/cylinder assembly attached to a mouthguard and to a drive shaft. The force applied by the tongue to the drive shaft is hydraulically transmitted to a pressure sensor. Mann-Whitney's test was used to verify whether there were differences in average and maximum forces according to the characteristics assessed. The test was performed at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The aspects with the most frequent alteration were sucking tongue on palate and tongue vibration. Tremor had a higher occurrence during tongue movements. Elevation of the floor of the mouth in sucking tongue on palate was the only aspect associated with quantitative evaluation. CONCLUSION: The association between elevation of the floor of the mouth during sucking tongue on palate and quantitative evaluation can provide insight into the higher participation of the suprahyoid muscles in some participants in both tasks.
Orofacial functions and quality of life in oral health in subjects with dentofacial deformity
Authors: Migliorucci Renata Resina , Sovinski Silmara Regina Pavani , Passos Dannyelle Christinny Bezerra de Oliveira Freitas , Bucci Ana Carolina , Salgado Manoel Henrique , Nary Filho Hugo , Abramides Dagma Venturini Marques , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of the facial pattern in orofacial functions (OFFs) and quality of life (QoL), and their relationship in individuals with dentofacial deformities (DFD). METHODS: As approved by the Research Ethics Committee, 36 subjects, aged between 18 and 40 years, divided into three groups of seven female and five male participants, i.e., facial pattern I (n=12), pattern II (n=12) and pattern III (n=12), participated in this study. The OFFs were assessed using the MBGR protocol and QoL by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Comparisons between OFFs and facial patterns were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the correlation between the facial pattern and QoL by means of Spearman's test, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS: A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed when comparing patterns I and II, and patterns I and III, with no difference between patterns II and III, neither in the OHIP-14 nor in the MBGR. A significant linear correlation (r=0.666; p<0.05) was verified between the MBGR and the OHIP-14, showing that the worse the OFFs, the worse the QoL. CONCLUSION: The facial pattern influenced the performance of the OFFs and the QoL in individuals presenting DFD, with a greater occurrence of changes for patterns II and III, and the worse the OFFs, the worse the QoL in cases with DFD.
Auditory-perceptual evaluation of the degree of vocal deviation: correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale and Numerical Scale
Authors: Martins Priscila Campos , Couto Thalita Evaristo , Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To analyze the intra- and inter-rater agreement for visual analog scale and numerical scale in task of sustained vowel and to determine numerical cutoff points to visual analog scale corresponding to the degrees of the numeric scale. METHODS: We selected 205 samples of the usual task of the sustained vowel /a/. Six voice specialists rated the overall degree of vocal deviation, first by visual analog scale and, after two days, by the numeric scale. The results obtained by both scales were compared and the intra- and inter-rater agreement, the correlation between the scales, and the estimated cutoff points using the intraclass correlation and concordance Kappa coefficients, the Spearman coefficient, and analysis of variance, and the values of sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: A strong correlation was observed between the scales. The following numerical cutoff values were found for visual analog scale corresponding to the numerical scale: neutral (degree zero) - 0 to 34 mm; mild (degree one) - 34.1 to 51 mm; moderate (degree two) - 51.1 to 63.5 mm; intense (degree three) - 63.6 to 77.5 mm; and extreme (degree four) - above 77.5 mm. CONCLUSION: The visual analog scale and numerical scale showed a strong correlation, being observed the greater intra- and inter-rater agreement in visual analog scale. Numerical cutoff values for visual analog scale were found. This correlation enables the comparison between the results found in the evaluation of the overall degree of vocal deviation by both scales, which are widely used in research and in the clinical speech therapy routine.
Phonemic discrimination and the relationship with other linguistic levels in children with typical phonological development and phonological disorder
Authors: Freitas Carolina Ramos de , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa , Vidor Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To compare children with typical language development (TLD) and evolutional phonological disorder (EPD) regarding the phonemic discrimination and the linguistic performance of language levels (morphological, syntactic, semantic, and perceptual and productive vocabulary). METHODS: The sample comprised 36 children, aged between 5 years and 7 years and 11 months, with TLD and EPD. Children with EPD were awaiting care in the speech units of two higher education institutions and children with TLD were screened in public schools. For inclusion in the study, the criteria were the following: being authorized by the informed consent and being within the required age group. After the inclusion of children, all subjects underwent the phonemic discrimination test with figures, to the average phrase value test, which assesses the morphosyntactic and semantic/lexical aspects, and the expressive vocabulary test. For statistical evaluation of the influence of variables, Spearman's nonparametric correlation coefficient was used, and for comparison between the groups regarding evaluation performance, Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS: Only children with EPD showed influence of phonemic discrimination in other linguistic levels. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the performances of both groups in relation to the phonemic discrimination, vocabulary, and all levels assessed in the questions and description modality. CONCLUSION: The comparison between both groups showed a statistically significant difference in phonemic discrimination and morphosyntactic and lexical/semantic development, with better performance in the TLD group.
Self-perception, complaints and vocal quality among undergraduate students enrolled in a Pedagogy course
Authors: Fabron Eliana Maria Gradim , Regaçone Simone Fiuza , Marino Viviane Cristina de Castro , Mastria Marina Ludovico , Motonaga Suely Mayumi , Sebastião Luciana Tavares
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To compare the vocal self-perception and vocal complaints reported by two groups of students of the pedagogy course (freshmen and graduates); to relate the vocal self-perception to the vocal complaints for these groups; and to compare the voice quality of the students from these groups through perceptual auditory assessment and acoustic analysis. METHODS: Initially, 89 students from the pedagogy course answered a questionnaire about self-perceived voice quality and vocal complaints. In a second phase, auditory-perceptual evaluation and acoustic analyses of 48 participants were made through voice recordings of sustained vowel emission and poem reading. RESULTS: The most reported vocal complaints were fatigue while using the voice, sore throat, effort to speak, irritation or burning in the throat, hoarseness, tightness in the neck, and variations of voice throughout the day. There was a higher occurrence of complaints from graduates than from freshmen, with significant differences for four of the nine complaints. It was also possible to observe the relationship between vocal self-perception and complaints reported by these students. No significant differences were observed in the results of auditory-perceptual evaluation; however, some graduates had their voices evaluated with higher severity of deviation of normalcy. During acoustic analysis no difference was observed between groups. CONCLUSION: The increase in vocal demand by the graduates may have caused the greatest number and diversity of vocal complaints, and several of them are related to the self-assessment of voice quality. The auditory-perceptual evaluation and acoustic analysis showed no deviations in their voice.
Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of Dyslexia Early Screening Test - Second edition: preliminary findings
Authors: Matta Tatiana Ribeiro Gomes da , Befi-Lopes Debora Maria
Published: July 2015

The assessment of language skills in early childhood can provide important information about the future of literacy and academic performances. Children with reading difficulties should be identified early in their education, before they suffer from shortcomings and experience failures and feel discouraged at school. Considering the importance of early identification of language disorders and the shortage of standardized instruments for the Brazilian scenario, the overall objective of this study was to translate and adapt the Dyslexia Early Screening Test - Second Edition (DEST-2) to, subsequently, verify its applicability and efficacy in preschoolers who had Brazilian Portuguese as their native language. The study was composed of 20 children of both genders, regularly enrolled in a public school in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, none had any complaints related to learning and no indicators of sensory, neurological, cognitive, or behavioral disorders. It was observed that there was no need for significant changes to the original structure of the DEST-2 or in their administration instructions format. The performance of the children in the translated and in the national exams that were used as a benchmark was compatible, suggesting that the adjustments made met the equivalences needed to utilize this instrument with Brazilian children. A randomized study that will complement the preliminarily data obtained is in progress. Taking into consideration the linguistic and cultural diversity of Brazil, it is imperative that the translated version of the DEST-2 can be applied on a large scale and in several states of the country, in order to allow the use of this instrument as a language assessment tool in Brazil.
Profile of reading accuracy acquisition of students from elementary school
Authors: Soares Aparecido José Couto , Cárnio Maria Silvia , Wertzner Haydée Fiszbein
Published: July 2015

PURPOSE: To characterize the profile of reading accuracy acquisition of children from the elementary school, considering word extension and syllabic structure. METHODS: This study counted on 29 children from the third grade and 28 from the fourth grade of the Brazilian elementary school, with mean age of 8:5 and 9:3 years, respectively, who did not present learning disorders. All participants underwent oral reading assessment through texts according to each school level. The texts were analyzed considering the range of word length and syllabic structure. The performance of the students was analyzed according to the accuracy percentage concerning word length and syllabic structure. All data underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS: We noticed that the variability in the percentage increased due to the number of syllables, with more incidences of error in students from the third year. Furthermore, data pointed out greater accuracy of students from the fourth year with regard to word length and syllabic structure. Analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated interaction effect between both groups and the studied variables. CONCLUSION: This study showed evidence that word length is a strong factor to reading accuracy acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese. In addition, words with syllabic structure different from the pattern commonly seen in the Portuguese language are more difficult to be read by children of lower schooling levels.
Remoção de fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos em estações de tratamento de esgoto: revisão da literatura
Authors: Aquino Sérgio Francisco de , Brandt Emanuel Manfred Freire , Chernicharo Carlos Augusto de Lemos
Published: July 2015

O monitoramento ambiental dos chamados microcontaminantes ou micropoluentes vem ganhando grande interesse da comunidade científica desde os anos 1970. Nesse grupo de contaminantes estão incluídos fármacos de diversas classes, produtos de limpeza e higiene pessoal, substâncias aplicadas na produção de plásticos e resinas, pesticidas, hormônios naturais e seus subprodutos, entre outros compostos. A principal via de contaminação do meio ambiente com fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos (DE) é o lançamento de esgotos in natura e tratado. Nesse contexto, este artigo compila dados de ocorrência de fármacos e DE no afluente e efluente de estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE), discute os mecanismos envolvidos na sua remoção em ETE e faz uma análise comparativa da remoção de tais compostos em diferentes sistemas de tratamento
Biodegradação da hepatotoxina(D-Leu1)-microcistina-LR por bactérias presentes em filtros biológicos de carvão
Authors: Minillo Alessandro , Freitas Sarah Caetano de , Isique William Deodato , Prado Heloiza Ferreira Alves Do , Dimitrov Maurício Rocha , Paixão Douglas Antonio Alvaredo , Lemos Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo , Tangerino Edson Pereira
Published: July 2015

A persistência das microcistinas (MCs) em ambientes aquáticos e sua difícil remoção no tratamento convencional de água representam um desafio às companhias de saneamento. Contudo, as MCs são susceptíveis à degradação por bactérias presentes na água, sedimentos e efluentes de esgotos. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a biodegradação de MCs por microrganismos presentes em filtros de carvão com atividade biológica (CAB) e sua identificação filogenética pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S RNA. Foi utilizada uma água de estudo contendo MCs com diferentes composições, acrescida de efluente de filtros CAB. Os resultados demonstraram que as MCs foram biodegradadas por microrganismos presentes no biofilme. Este estudo infere sobre a capacidade de biodegradação de MCs por bactérias presentes em filtros CAB e o possível uso destes microorganismos como alternativa de remoção de MCs no tratamento de água potável.
Degradação parcial de 17β-estradiol por cloração aplicada ao tratamento da água
Authors: Pereira Renata de Oliveira , Carminato Vivian Maria , Vieira Eny Maria , Daniel Luiz Antonio
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a degradação do hormônio 17β-estradiol com doses de cloro e tempos de contato comumente utilizados em estações de tratamento de água. A aplicação de cloro levou a pequenas alterações na maioria das variáveis analisadas. A concentração inicial de 17β-estradiol influenciou a remoção pelo cloro, e observou-se que o aumento da dose de cloro aumentou a remoção do 17β-estradiol até a dose de 2 mg.L-1. A maior remoção de hormônio obtida foi de 99%, e a inativação dos microrganismos indicadores, E. coli e coliformes totais foi de até 5,6 log para valores de CT maiores que 14 mg.min.L-1
Tratamento de lixiviado por infiltração rápida como alternativa para cidades de pequeno porte
Authors: Couto Maria Claudia Lima , Braga Florindo dos Santos , Lange Liséte Celina
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo experimental de viabilidade técnica do processo de Infiltração Rápida (IR) no tratamento de lixiviado de um aterro sanitário para a remoção de matéria orgânica e nutrientes. O estudo foi realizado em escala piloto com leitos filtrantes de areia e tijolo cerâmico triturado. O monitoramento do desempenho dos reatores foi feito por meio dos parâmetros Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST), Fósforo Total (PTotal), nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK), N-NH3, N-NO3-, N-NO2-, alcalinidade, pH e temperatura. A redução média nos reatores com leito de areia média foi 32% de DQO e 43% de NTK, com leito de areia fina 27% de DQO e 47% de NTK e no reator com leito de tijolo cerâmico triturado 70% de DQO e 54% de NTK. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são parâmetros para elaboração de projetos com processo IR em escala real para tratamento de lixiviado de aterros sanitários, especialmente para cidades de pequeno porte.
Remoção de demanda química de oxigênio e nitrogênio total Kjeldahl de efluente de indústria de vegetais congelados por Reator em Batelada Sequencial
Authors: Betto Thaís Luciana , Hemkemeier Marcelo , Koetz Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o tratamento biológico de efluente de indústria de vegetais congelados em Reator em Batelada Sequencial (RBS), verificando o efeito da concentração de Sólidos Suspensos Voláteis (SSV), Demanda Química de Oxigênio inicial (DQOi) e aeração na remoção biológica de carbono e nitrogênio, a fim de obter um efluente tratado que atenda aos padrões de lançamento recomendados pela legislação ambiental brasileira. Nesta pesquisa, o tratamento dos efluentes foi feito em um RBS, utilizando concentração de SSV variando entre 2000 mg.L-1 e 4000 mg.L-1, DQOi variando entre 300 mg.L-1 e 600 mg.L-1, e quantidade de aeração variando entre 3 L.min-1 e 6 L.min-1. Os resultados mostram que a maior eficiência de remoção para DQO foi de 88%, e para nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK) foi de 74,9%. As condições otimizadas para remoção de DQO e NTK do efluente estudado foram: DQO inicial de 600 mg.L-1, aeração de 4,5 L.min-1 e concentração de SSV de 2000 mg.L-1
Avaliação ambiental estratégica de planosde bacias hidrográficas
Authors: Pizella Denise Gallo , Souza Marcelo Pereira de
Published: July 2015

A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) é um instrumento de avaliação de impactos ambientais de Políticas, Planos e Programas (PPPs). Tendo em vista o planejamento dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar as contribuições da AAE para a elaboração de Planos de Bacias Hidrográficas no país, tendo como objeto de estudo a Bacia do Rio Pardo, no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, realizaram-se entrevistas com colaboradores do Comitê e acompanhou-se o Grupo de Trabalho do Relatório de Situação dos Recursos Hídricos. Verificou-se que a aplicação da AAE permitiria a incorporação dos princípios de sustentabilidade ambiental no desenvolvimento dos Planos; a integração com outros PPPs correlatos; o levantamento e avaliação de impactos de alternativas de desenvolvimento na Bacia e a identificação de indicadores para o monitoramento do Plano de forma contínua
Avaliação da biotratabilidade do efluentede branqueamento de polpa celulósicapor processos aeróbios e anaeróbios
Authors: Amaral Míriam Cristina Santos , Andrade Laura Hamdan de , Lange Liséte Celina , Borges Cristiano Piaseck
Published: July 2015

Os efluentes da planta de branqueamento da produção de pasta celulósica apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) e cor, compostos com elevada toxicidade, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de branqueamento ácido e alcalino de polpa celulósica kraft por processos aeróbios e anaeróbios por meio da caracterização, utilizando parâmetros convencionais e coletivos. Os resultados de DQO inerte, biodegradabilidade aeróbia e anaeróbia, distribuição de massas molares, produtos microbianos solúveis e substâncias poliméricas extracelulares indicaram a baixa biotratabilidade dos efluentes
Geotecnologias aplicadas ao planejamentode sistemas de abastecimento de água urbanos:uma proposta metodológica
Authors: Cordão Maria José de Sousa , Rufino Iana Alexandra Alves , Araújo Ester Luiz de
Published: July 2015

A modelagem e otimização da disposição espacial de unidades de reservação que constituem os Sistemas Urbanos de Distribuição de Água (SUDA) são abordadas neste estudo sob a perspectiva do apoio à decisão no planejamento desses sistemas. Tendo em vista os avanços e técnicas encontrados nos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e a possibilidade de utilizá-los como Sistema de Apoio a Decisão Espacial (SADE), este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia que viabiliza a tomada de decisão em planejamento de SUDA. Utilizando critérios espacializados, são gerados mapas de riscos de desabastecimento em lotes urbanos que podem servir como indicadores em ações de planejamento e gestão, assim como são mapeadas zonas consideradas como ótimas para a localização de novas unidades de reservação, as quais constituem diretrizes no planejamento para expansão dos SUDA
Implementação do conceito Capacidade de Diluiçãode Efluentes no modelo de qualidade da água QUAL-UFMG: estudo de caso no Rio Taquarizinho (MS)
Authors: Teodoro Anderson , Ide Carlos Nobuyoshi , Ribeiro Maria Lúcia , Broch Synara Aparecida Olendzki , Silva Jhonatan Barbosa da
Published: July 2015

A plataforma em Excel QUAL-UFMG é uma ferramenta de fácil utilização e grande aplicabilidade na modelagem da qualidade da água de rios. Para uma melhor integração do modelo com o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos, o objetivo do trabalho foi incorporar às planilhas de simulação algumas equações para determinação de vazão de diluição e cobrança pelo lançamento de efluentes. Foram simulados cenários hipotéticos de qualidade da água para estimar a capacidade de autodepuração e diluição de efluentes em um estudo de caso no Rio Taquarizinho. O modelo foi capaz de estimar as vazões de diluição requeridas pelos lançamentos e contabilizar os custos dos mesmos variando-se as vazões de referência, enquadramento e carga orgânica lançada no rio. Concluiu-se que o Rio Taquarizinho possui uma elevada capacidade de autodepuração e que suas águas são capazes de suportar a instalação de empreendimentos de grande porte, como matadouros e curtumes.
Aplicação da técnica por cromatografia a gás para investigação da formação de sub produtos da desinfecção em água potável
Authors: Paschoalato Cristina Filomêna Pereira Rosa , Rosário Genuino , Lopes Carmen Silvia Gonçalves , Afonso Márcia Maísa Freitas , Silva Bruno Moreira da , Dias Talita Rafaella Silva Boldrin
Published: July 2015

O uso do cloro para a desinfecção e/ou oxidação nas estações de tratamento de água favorece a formação de subprodutos orgânicos halogenados (SOH), muitos deles carcinogênicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi validar uma metodologia analítica proposta para a quantificação simultânea de 12 subprodutos da desinfecção por cromatografia a gás com detector de captura de elétrons (CG-DCE). O método apresentou linearidade (r>0,998), repetibilidade menor que 0,15%, limites de detecção de 1 a 6 µg.L-1 e de quantificação de 3 a 21 Î1/4g.L-1, precisão (<10%), exatidão (93-120%) e recuperação (87-117%). Os resultados indicam que o método pode ser empregado para a investigação de SOH em água, garantindo confiabilidade analítica nos resultados
EFFECTIVENESS OF POSTHARVEST SOLUTIONS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF CUT Oncidium varicosum (ORCHIDACEAE) INFLORESCENCES
Authors: Mattiuz Claudia Fabrino Machado , Mattiuz Ben-Hur , Rodrigues Teresinha de Jesus Deléo , Marques Kelly Magalhães , Martins Ramilo Nogueira
Published: July 2015

The orchid Oncidium varicosum is a tropical plant with significant commercial value due to the beauty of its yellow inflorescences. Several authors have observed a reduction in the water content of cut flowers, consequently, wilting and senescence of petals are the main reasons for the termination of the decorative life of cut flowers. In this research, we studied the effects of several chemical compounds on the postharvest life of cut inflorescences of Oncidium varicosum 'Samurai'. These chemicals are as follows: sucrose (5%) plus 8-hidroxiquinoline citrate (8-HQC) (100 mg L-1) plus silver nitrate (AgNO3) (50 mg L-1); sucrose (5%) plus citric acid (75 mg L-1); quaternary ammonia at 30% (50 mg L-1); and sucrose (5%) plus quaternary ammonia at 30% (50 mg L-1). The highest values for average of relative water content, reducing carbohydrates and soluble sugars were recorded in the flowers treated with the sucrose (5%) plus 8-HQC (100 mg L-1) plus AgNO3 (50 mg L-1) solution. A reduction in color intensity occurred at 12 days postharvest in all treatments and the carotenoid content was reduced to the greatest extent in flowers maintained in distilled water. The lowest numbers of open flowers were observed at 12 and 15 days in the distilled water and quaternary ammonium treatments, being that the others treatments favored the anthesis. The Oncidium inflorescences treated with sucrose plus HQC plus AgNO3 demonstrated a higher number of open flowers and reached the longest longevity (22 days).
INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON Fusarium WILT, NEMATODE INFESTATION, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN WATERMELON PRODUCTION
Authors: Álvarez-Hernández Juan Carlos , Castellanos-Ramos Javier Zaragoza , Aguirre-Mancilla César Leobardo , Huitrón-Ramírez María Victoria , Camacho-Ferre Francisco
Published: July 2015

Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstock are used to prevent infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon production; however, this rootstock is not effective against nematode attack. Because of their vigor, the grafted plants can be planted at lower plant densities than the non-grafted plants. The tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in watermelon plants grafted onto a hybrid of Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta or the Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza rootstocks. The densities of plants were 2083 and 4166 plants ha-1. Non-grafted watermelons were the controls. The Crunchy Red and Sangría watermelon cultivars were used as the scions, it the latter as a pollinator. The experiments were performed for two production cycles in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was significantly greater in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants. The grafted plants presented similar resistance to Fusarium regardless of the rootstock. The root-knot galling index for Meloidogyne incognita was significantly lower in plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta than onto the other rootstock. The yields of plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta grown at both plant densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments.
PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR WATER RETENTION IN THE MAIN SOILS FROM THE BRAZILIAN COASTAL PLAINS
Authors: Silva Elidiane da , Curi Nilton , Ferreira Mozart Martins , Volpato Margarete Marin Lordelo , Santos Walbert Júnior Reis dos , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho
Published: July 2015

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are equations used to estimate soil characteristics difficult to determine from other easily obtained ones. Water retention in soil is used in several agronomic and environmental applications, but its direct determination is time consuming and onerous, therefore PTFs are alternatives to obtaining this information more quickly and economically. The aims of this study were to generate a database and develop PTFs for water retention at potentials of -33 kPa (field capacity) and -1500 kPa (permanent wilting point) for Yellow Argisol and Yellow Latosol from the Brazilian Coastal Plains region. The Coastal Plains soils are mostly developed from Barreiras formation (pre-weathered sediments) and their main uses are sugarcane, livestock, forestry and fruticulture. The database to generate the PTFs was composed from the selection of information derived from scientific works and soil survey reports of the region. Specific PTFs were generated for each soil class, in their respective A and B horizons and for solum, through multiple regression by stepwise package of R language programming. Due to the small pedological variability (small number of soil classes containing great geographical expression) and mineralogical uniformity, usually observed in this environment, non-stratification of soil classes to create general PTFs presented similar or superior results compared to equations for each soil class. The adjustment of data demonstrated that water retention values at -33 kPa and -1500 kPa potentials can be estimated with adequate accuracy for the main soils of the Brazilian Coastal Plains through PTFs mainly from particle size distribution and secondarily from organic matter data.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITIES OF MAIZE LANDRACE SEEDS STORED UNDER TWO CONDITIONS
Authors: Stefanello Raquel , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Dutra Cláudia Braga , Somavilla Iana
Published: July 2015

The preservation of seed quality during the storage period depends not only on the conditions during production and harvesting but also on the storage and maintenance of appropriate storage product conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary qualities of maize landrace seeds stored under two conditions. The maize seed batch varieties Oito carreiras, Cabo roxo and Lombo baio were used. Tests included germination, first count, cold test, accelerated aging and sanity. Based on the results it was concluded that the physiological quality of these seed varieties decreased with the storage period. The major fungi identified in the maize seeds during storage were from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, which caused deterioration and reduction of the physiological quality. Storage using a paper bag at a temperature of 10 °C did not prevent the deterioration of maize seeds but was more effective at preserving the quality of the seed compared with a plastic bag at room temperature.
THERMAL STABILITY OF Pinus oocarpa AND MAIZE COB PARTICLEBOARDS
Authors: Scatolino Mário Vanoli , Protásio Thiago de Paula , Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Mendes Lourival Marin
Published: July 2015

Agricultural waste materials are generated in large quantities in Brazil. These can accumulate and cause serious environmental problems. One of the most commonly generated wastes in the brazilian agricultural culture is the maize cob. Being lignocellulosic in nature, the maize cob can find use as the raw material in the production of particleboards mainly concerned with furniture making. Therefore, studies regarding its thermal stability and fire resistance would be interesting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combustibility and thermal stability of the particleboards produced from maize cob and Pinus oocarpa wood. The percentages in which maize cob was associated with Pinus oocarpa were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde and 1% paraffin. The pressing cycle parameters included: temperature 150 °C, pressure of 3.92 MPa during 10 min. The combustibility curve analysis showed that the panels containing 25% content of maize cob had higher resistance to combustion. In general, the thermal stability decreased as the wood substitution by maize cob increased.
CAROTENOID RETENTION IN MINIMALLY PROCESSED BIOFORTIFIED GREEN CORN STORED UNDER RETAIL MARKETING CONDITIONS
Authors: Barbosa Natália Alves , Paes Maria Cristina Dias , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira , Pereira Joelma
Published: July 2015

Storing processed food products can cause alterations in their chemical compositions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate carotenoid retention in the kernels of minimally processed normal and vitamin A precursor (proVA)-biofortified green corn ears that were packaged in polystyrene trays covered with commercial film or in multilayered polynylon packaging material and were stored. Throughout the storage period, the carotenoids were extracted from the corn kernels using organic solvents and were quantified using HPLC. A completely factorial design including three factors (cultivar, packaging and storage period) was applied for analysis. The green kernels of maize cultivars BRS1030 and BRS4104 exhibited similar carotenoid profiles, with zeaxanthin being the main carotenoid. Higher concentrations of the carotenoids lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene, the total carotenoids and the total vitamin A precursor carotenoids were detected in the green kernels of the biofortified BRS4104 maize. The packaging method did not affect carotenoid retention in the kernels of minimally processed green corn ears during the storage period.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Capsicum GENUS PEPPERS
Authors: Sora Gisele Teixeira de Souza , Souza Aloisio Henrique Pereira , Zielinski Acácio Antônio Ferreira , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro , Matsushita Makoto , Peralta Rosane Marina
Published: July 2015

Fatty acids have a great metabolic and structural importance. Evaluation of fatty acid composition of peppers is still incomplete. Pulps and seeds from six varieties of the genus Capsicum were evaluated in this work with respect to their contents in fatty acids. A total of 25 different fatty acids, including some with odd number of carbons were identified in the samples. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids. The polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios for all peppers were high due to the elevated amounts of polyunsaturated acids, particularly linoleic acid. In the pulps, the omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 1.28 to 4.33, were relatively adequate if one considers that ratios between 0.25 and 1.0 in the human diet are regarded as highly appropriate. In the seeds, the levels of omega-3 were very low whereas the levels of omega-6 were high, leading to very inadequate omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 74.2 to 279.6. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 93.49% of the total variance of the data. Considering the PUFA/SFA ratio and omega-6/omega-3 ratio, our data suggest that, among the peppers of the genus Capsicum evaluated in this work, the bell pepper and orange habanero pepper present the best nutritional characteristics concerning fatty acid composition.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AVOCADO OILS
Authors: Jorge Tamara de Souza , Polachini Tiago Carregari , Dias Liara Silva , Jorge Neuza , Telis-Romero Javier
Published: July 2015

Avocado oil is rich in bioactive compounds, which can improve human health by acting as an antioxidant. It may be extracted from different varieties of avocado, such as Margarida and Hass varieties, each of them with particular characteristics. Aiming to evaluate the differences between them, avocado fruits and pulps from these were analyzed according to their physicochemical characteristics. After extracted, the oils had their bioactive characteristics studied and rheological behavior determined through a rotational rheometer. They were then compared to commercial avocado oil. The fruits of Margarida variety had greater size, higher weight (664.51 g), and higher pulp yield (72.19%) than Hass variety, which showed higher lipid content (65.29 g/100 g dry basis). The commercial oil showed less primary oxidative degradation, whereas Margarida variety had a lower level of secondary degradation products as well as a higher content of bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols (999.60 mg/kg) and tocopherols (36.73 mg/kg). The rheological behaviors of both oils were appropriately described through Newton model, with R2 > 0.999 for all temperatures. By an Arrhenius type equation, it was verified that Hass's rheological parameters are more influenced by temperature than Margarida and commercial oil, presenting activation energy of 33.6 kJ/mol.
RICE PARBOILING WASTEWATER IN THE MAXIMIZATION OF CAROTENOIDS BIOPRODUCTION BY Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Rios Danielle Alves da Silva , Borba Thais de Matos de , Kalil Susana Juliano , Burkert Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros
Published: July 2015

The interest in carotenoid production from natural sources has increased based in their possible use as dyes and their powerful biological antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the use of rice parboiling wastewater (RPW) as an alternative substrate for the bioproduction of carotenoids using the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and found it to be promising as the only source of nutrients, reaching a concentration of 0.6 μg mL-1 (259.1 μg g-1) in 48 h. To increase the potential use of this industrial effluent, a study of supplementation was carried out to enhance the production of carotenoids using the methodology of experimental design (a 2IV 6-2 fractional factorial design sequenced by a 24 central composite design). The conditions for maximizing the production of carotenoids were (g L-1) malt extract (16.25), peptone (8.75), sucrose (15) and rice parboiling wastewater (87.5), with a pH of 5 at 25 °C and 150 rpm for 144 h, which produced a concentration 5.3 μg mL-1 (628.8 μg g-1).
Práticas de apoio das avós à amamentação: revisão integrativa
Authors: Angelo Bárbara Helena de Brito , Pontes Cleide Maria , Leal Luciana Pedrosa , Gomes Márcia de Souza , Silva Thais de Almeida da , Vasconcelos Maria Gorete Lucena de
Published: July 2015

Resumo Objetivos: investigar as práticas das avós de apoio à amamentação. Métodos: esta revisão integrativa buscou responder a seguinte questão norteadora: “Quais as práticas das avós de apoio à amamentação?”. Com o cruzamento dos descritores “rede social”, “aleitamento materno” e “relações familiares”, em agosto de 2012, nas bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de Datos de Enfermería em Español (CUIDEN), Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Revisões Sistemáticas da Colaboração Cochrane (Cochrane) e na biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), 4092 artigos foram encontrados. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 20 artigos compuseram a amostra do estudo. Os resultados dos estudos foram agrupados por similaridade temática. Resultados: as avós reconhecem a importância do aleitamento materno; representam um modelo a ser seguido; auxiliam nos afazeres domésticos e na prestação de cuidados; fornecem informações e, por vezes, desestimulam o aleitamento materno. Conclusões: as práticas de apoio das avós são influenciadas por suas próprias experiências e pelo contexto sociocultural que estão inseridas.
Estrutura e processo de trabalho na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero na Atenção Básica à Saúde no Brasil: Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade – PMAQ
Authors: Tomasi Elaine , Oliveira Talita Fischer , Fernandes Pedro Agner Aguiar , Thumé Elaine , Silveira Denise Silva da , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: July 2015

Resumo Objetivos: descrever e analisar a adequação da estrutura e processo das equipes do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ-AB) na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero na Atenção Básica no Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal conduzido em todas as unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), entre 2012 e 2013. Estimou-se a prevalência da adequação da estrutura (insumos/materiais) e do processo de trabalho para o exame de Papanicolau. A associação da adequação com características das unidades e equipes foi estimada pela razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: foram estudadas 38.812 UBS e 17.202 equipes de saúde. A prevalência de adequação da estrutura e do processo de trabalho foi 49% e 30%, respectivamente. A adequação da estrutura e o processo estiveram associados ao maior porte do município e IDH. A prevalência de adequação da estrutura foi maior nas unidades da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (RP=1,35; IC95%:1,33-1,38), cuja adequação do processo de trabalho esteve associada à população adscrita <4.000 pessoas e equipe mínima completa. Conclusões: a estrutura e o processo de trabalho para o rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino necessitam ser aprimoradas. As equipes de saúde carecem de maior qualificação das ações relacionadas a esta ação programática.