bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the path to improve the quality of graduation projects of construction engineering majors based on digital background
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: April 2024

In the digital age, the enhancement of graduation project quality within the field of architectural engineering is of paramount importance. This paper presents well-structured solutions to tackle the prevalent management challenges encountered in the digital execution of these projects. The goal is to notably improve the effectiveness of teaching methodologies. Employing a scientific approach to managing graduation projects enables students to not only comprehend and apply their theoretical knowledge more effectively but also to cultivate an in-depth understanding and proficient practical skills in digital technology.
Thoughts and Countermeasures for High-quality Development of Scientific Research in Police Colleges
Authors: Sun Xingsheng
Published: April 2024

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, especially since the issuance of the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Scientific Research of Education in the New Era, the reform measures of the domestic scientific research mechanism have been continuously taken, and the social governance problems faced by public security education are diversified.
Research on the Sustainable Development Guarantee System for International Cooperation and Exchange of Vocational Colleges in Chongqing
Authors: Han Yangqi , Wang Jing , Chen Yajuan , Hu Jing
Published: April 2024

The self-construction of the sustainable development guarantee system for international cooperation and exchange in vocational colleges is an activity that draws on the advanced experience of domestic and foreign vocational colleges, combines reality with the school situation, and localizes and innovates international experience. Each country has its own national conditions, and each vocational college has its own specific situation. International experience cannot be blindly copied, and all universities cannot operate in a homogeneous manner according to a single model, let alone turn internationalization into Westernization. The prerequisite for maintaining vitality through internationalization is localization. Vocational colleges selectively absorb good concepts, ideas, and practices from foreign education, integrate their own characteristics and culture, extract methods and models suitable for national conditions and school conditions, and transform and innovate them. They compile normative institutional documents for implementation, thereby promoting the integration of internationalization and localization.
Wiederholte Anaphylaxie nach pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln bei regelmäßigem Alkoholkonsum
Authors: Bergmann Anika , Wolters Paula , Balakirski Galina , Hofmann Silke C.
Published: April 2024

IgE-vermittelte Nahrungsmittelallergien beruhen in Deutschland überwiegend auf Kreuzreaktionen mit pollenassoziierten PR10-Proteinen im Sinne einer sekundären Nahrungsmittelallergie. Seltener werden Allergien gegen Speicherproteine (in z.B. Nüssen oder Hülsenfrüchten) oder gegen Lipid-Transfer-Proteine (LTP) diagnostiziert. Letztere stellen in Mittelmeerländern dagegen die häufigste Ursache für Anaphylaxien nach Verzehr pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel dar.

Hier berichten wir über eine 40-jährige Patientin mit über Jahre wiederholt auftretenden Anaphylaxien nach Verzehr von bspw. Wal- oder Haselnüssen sowie Weintrauben. Die Reaktionen traten oft im Zusammenhang mit zeitgleichem Alkoholkonsum auf und konnten auf eine LTP-Allergie zurückgeführt werden.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: April 2024

Das vorliegende Heft der Aktuellen Ernährungsmedizin ist umfangreicher als
sonst aufgrund einer umfassenden S3-Leitlinie zum Thema „Heimenterale und
heimparenterale Ernährung. Es handelt sich dabei um eine grundlegende Überarbeitung
und Aktualisierung der Leitlinie von 2013. Es ist die zweite Leitlinie der DGEM
(nach „Klinische Ernährung in der Chirurgie“, die in Heft 4/2023 erschienen ist),
welche jetzt aktualisiert wurde. Damit hat das Aktualisierungsprogramm an Fahrt
aufgenommen. In den nächsten 12 Monaten werden weitere Aktualisierungen erwartet,
darunter CED, Pankreas, Leber und Geriatrie.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Efficiency and Early Hematopoietic Reconstruction Indicators during Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shi Hao , Duan Yaya , Bu Xinting
Published: April 2024

Purpose To analyze the factors affecting the mobilization efficiency of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic reconstruction indicators during autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods The clinical data of 54 patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and transplantation at Xuzhou Central Hospital from May 2016 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The gender, age, disease type, mobilization regimen, number of chemotherapy sessions, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) dosage, and platelet number at the time of collection were also collected. Moreover, the relationship between these indicators with mobilization results and hematopoietic reconstruction was analyzed.

Results Results showed that age, disease type, and number of collections were significantly related to the mobilization results (number of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the number of collections was an independent factor affecting mobilization efficiency. Similarly, age, platelet value at the time of collection, CD34+ stem cell value during collection, white blood cell count, and number of chemotherapy times were significantly related to the time of megakaryocytic hematopoietic reconstruction. Multifactor analysis found that age and platelet count were independent factors affecting the reconstruction time of the megakaryocytic system. However, no factor was related to the time of granulocyte hematopoietic reconstruction.

Conclusion Platelet count and age when collecting hematopoietic stem cells are closely related to megakaryocytic hematopoietic reconstruction and are key indicators of early hematopoietic reconstruction after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Lymphatic Interventional Radiology for Postoperative Lymphatic Leakage
Authors: Sato Yozo , Matsueda Kiyoshi , Inaba Yoshitaka , Tsuchiya Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Abe Tetsuya
Published: April 2024

Lymphatic leakage is a relatively rare complication following various surgical procedures. Occasionally, conservative treatments fail to control postoperative lymphatic leakage. Refractory lymphatic leakage causes severe morbidities, including malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and impaired wound healing. Lymphangiography is a useful method for identifying various types of lymphatic leakage. Recently, lipiodol lymphangiography has been popular for its potential therapeutic effects on refractory lymphatic leakage, but this technique remains underdeveloped. This review discusses lymphatic interventional radiology for postoperative lymphatic leakage.
A method for identifying different types of university research teams
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Zou Yihuan , Zheng Yueyang
Published: April 2024

Identifying research teams constitutes a fundamental step in team science research, and universities harbor diverse types of such teams. This study introduces a method and proposes algorithms for team identification, encompassing the project-based research team (Pbrt), the individual-based research team (Ibrt), the backbone-based research group (Bbrg), and the representative research group (Rrg), scrutinizing aspects such as project, contribution, collaboration, and similarity. Drawing on two top universities in Materials Science and Engineering as case studies, this research reveals that university research teams predominantly manifest as backbone-based research groups. The distribution of members within these groups adheres to Price’s Law, indicating a concentration of research funding among a minority of research groups. Furthermore, the representative research groups in universities exhibit interdisciplinary characteristics. Notably, significant differences exist in collaboration mode and member structures among high-level backbone-based research groups across diverse cultural backgrounds.
New technique maps out electrical conductivity at a microscopic level
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: April 2024

Researchers image a range of materials using quantitative thermoacoustic microscopy.
Unsteady, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) analysis of Casson fluid flow in a porous cavity with heated cylindrical obstacles
Authors: Cham Bai Mbye , Shams-ul-Islam  , Saleem M. , Talib Shaiza , Ahmad Shafee
Published: April 2024

This research presents an analysis of entropy generation during natural convection in a porous medium using triangular heated cylindrical obstacles with equal spacing. The study consists of three cylindrical obstacles arranged in a triangular pattern. Each cylinder is uniformly spaced from its neighboring cylinders, creating equilateral triangles throughout the arrangement. All of these cylindrical obstacles are heated. The triangular arrangement guarantees an even distribution of obstacles across the experimental space. The governing equations, with entropy, are numerically solved using the finite element method. The study aims to investigate the interactions between several key elements in fluid dynamics: Casson fluid, magnetohydrodynamics, the Darcy–Forchheimer model, entropy, and natural convection. The goal is to gain insights into the individual behaviors of these elements and their interactions in combined systems. The results indicate that the Casson fluid parameter has an impact on the flow and heat transfer characteristics, while the Hartmann and Nusselt numbers exhibit control mechanisms for the intensity of natural convection and affect the patterns of isotherms, streamlines, and entropy.
Automated dual olfactory device for studying head/tail chemosensation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Karimi Shadi , Gat Asaf , Agazzi Costanza , Oren-Suissa Meital , Krieg Michael
Published: April 2024

The correct interpretation of threat and reward is important for animal survival. Often, the decisions underlying these behavioral programs are mediated by volatile compounds in the animal's environment, which they detect and discriminate with specialized olfactory neurons along their body. Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans senses chemical stimuli with neurons located in the head and the tail of the animal, which mediate either attractive or aversive behaviors. How conflicting stimuli are processed in animals navigating different chemical gradients is poorly understood. Here, we conceived, created, and capitalized on a novel microfluidic device to enable automated and precise stimulation of head and tail neurons, either simultaneously or sequentially, while reading out neuronal activity in sensory and interneurons using genetically encoded calcium indicators. We achieve robust and programmable chemical pulses through the modulation of inlet pressures. To evaluate the device performance, we synchronized the flow control with microscopy data acquisition and characterized the flow properties in the fabricated devices. Together, our design has the potential to provide insight into the neural circuits and behavior of C. elegans simulating the experience of natural environments.
Learning to see high-density random images long-term transmitted in multimode fiber
Authors: Li Xueqing , Song Binbin , Wu Jixuan , Lin Wei , Huang Wei , Liu Bo , Gao Xinliang
Published: April 2024

An improved multi-channel symmetric network (MCSNet) is proposed to reconstruct high-channel-density random images after long-term transmission through multimode fibers (MMFs). Temporal correlation within a period of 25 minutes is calculated to investigate the time-varying characteristics of speckles. The results demonstrated that due to noise accumulation along the MMF path, the quality of speckles deteriorates significantly after long-term transmission. The MCSNet integrates U-Net and ConvNeXt Block, which enables to more fully extract the features of each channel within the entire speckle. After being trained by different random image datasets within the initial moment, tests on random images and realistic scenes of endoscopic surgery after 25 min of transmission are carried out, and all of them demonstrate a near-perfect reconstruction performance and superior scalability, which indicates that MCSNet is suitable for long-term imaging demodulation of endoscopes.
Direct neutron-diffraction-based measurement of magnetic order in brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 and La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.5 thin films
Authors: Postiglione William M. , Liang Jierui , Nandakumaran Nileena , Figari Lucca , Aczel Adam A. , Leighton Chris
Published: April 2024

Epitaxial cobaltites have emerged as exemplary materials for electrochemical gating, in large part due to their topotactic perovskite (P) ↔ brownmillerite (BM) transformations. SrCoO3−δ, for example, can be cycled between metallic ferromagnetic P SrCoO3 and insulating BM SrCoO2.5, realizing exceptional modulation of electronic, thermal, and optical properties. It is often presumed that such cycling also generates ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic (F-AF) modulation due to the G-type AF order in bulk SrCoO2.5. Little is understood about magnetism in thin-film BM SrCoO2.5, however, meaning that the true magnetic property modulation is unclear. We address this here through a neutron diffraction study of BM La1−xSrxCoO2.5 films at x = 0.5 and 1.0. Lightly compressively strained SrCoO2.5 films are shown to retain G-type AF order, albeit with suppressed Néel temperature (∼340 K). Of high interest for AF spintronics, room-temperature F–AF cycling is thus possible across the SrCoO3-δ P ↔ BM transformation. At x = 0.5, however, BM La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.5 films are found to exhibit no detectable G-type AF order but instead weak F order (Curie temperature ∼115 K), unveiling a La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ phase diagram with two distinct F phases. These results thus uncover new, unanticipated magnetic phase behavior in these materials, in addition to being directly relevant to cobaltite-based magnetoionics.
Identification of material parameters at high strain rates using ballistic impact tests and inverse finite element analysis
Authors: Levadnyi Ievgen , Liu Fujia , Gu Yaodong
Published: April 2024

Material models play a crucial role in finite element analysis, especially for evaluating deformations under high strain rates. This study introduces a straightforward method that combines experiments, numerical simulations, and optimization to identify the parameters of a ductile material model at high strain rates. We conduct ballistic impact tests using a single-stage light gas gun and spherical projectiles on Q235 steel at velocities ranging from 160 to 476 m/s to determine its properties. An iterative inverse finite element analysis helps to refine the Johnson–Cook material model constants, aligning them with the observed crater dimensions on the specimens caused by impacts at various speeds. The model’s predictions for the crater profiles show a good match with the experimental findings across all tested velocities. Simulation outcomes reveal high strain values up to 3.81 and strain rates reaching 41 872 s−1. Moreover, we assess the model’s failure behavior under high strain rates through both perforation resistance tests and simulations on Q235 steel plates of varying thicknesses under ballistic impacts. The successful validation of the Johnson–Cook model for Q235 steel at these rates confirms the efficacy and reliability of our characterization method. This approach can be applied to develop model parameters for different materials under similar strain conditions.
Role of range of interaction potential on structure and dynamics of a one-component system of particles interacting via Mie potential
Authors: Suvarna Saumya , Priya Madhu
Published: April 2024

The thermodynamic and transport properties of a fluid depend significantly on the particle interactions at the molecular level. The range of these interparticle interactions thus plays a crucial role in determining its phase behavior. In the present work, we study the role of the range of particle–particle interaction potential on the structure and dynamics of a two-dimensional fluid in the proximity of the liquid–solid phase transition using molecular dynamics simulations. The particles are considered to interact via a Mie (2n, n) potential, and the range of this potential is varied by changing the attractive exponent n from 4 to 20. As the range of interaction potential is increased, a decrease in the local structural order is observed, while the sixfold orientational order remains almost invariant. Some exceptions are observed for the longest range of interaction potential at the liquid–solid phase transition temperature. Furthermore, we observe a temperature-dependent crossover in the relaxation of the nearest-neighbor correlations and the self-diffusion coefficient with a change in the interaction range. This results in a similar crossover in the Stokes–Einstein relation of the two-dimensional system of particles. In addition, we observe a deviation from the conventional Stokes–Einstein relation in systems interacting via these Mie potentials.
A Spitzer Model-C Stellarator fusion reactor
Authors: Mazzucato Ernesto
Published: April 2024

Tokamaks are affected by two serious problems. The first problem is the radiation damage to the internal reactor structures by energetic neutrons carrying 80% of the total fusion energy that are generated by the deuterium–tritium fusion cycle that tokamaks are planning to use. The second problem is a loss of plasma control because of the onset of instabilities, causing the sudden shutdown of the tokamak itself. Certainly, no electric utility knowing about these disruptive events would dare to use a tokamak reactor for powering the turbines of its power plant! This paper describes a new fusion reactor based on the Model-C Stellarator that would not be affected by these fatal phenomena.
Maximizing solar water pump efficiency: Exploring MPPT strategies for optimization
Authors: Lilhare Atul S. , Kadwane Sumant G.
Published: April 2024

This article addresses the contemporary challenges associated with the generation of electricity from solar panels, considering the diverse environmental conditions affecting efficiency. In response, various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are explored to optimize power generation. The study focuses on three MPPT techniques—perturb and observe, incremental conductance, and the beta method—in the context of solar water pump systems. Utilizing MATLAB software for analysis, this research compares the performance of these MPPT techniques to identify the most suitable approach for enhancing power generation in solar water pump applications. The findings highlight incremental conductance and the beta method as highly effective for operating solar water pump systems, providing valuable insights for enhancing their efficiency in real-world scenarios. This emphasizes the significance of utilizing optimized control strategies to improve the performance and reliability of solar water pumping technologies, thereby advancing sustainable water management practices across agricultural and rural environments.
Soil aluminum saturation threshold for subtropical crops in no-tillage system
Authors: Santos Rheinheimer Danilo dos , Troian Alexandre , Camotti Bastos Marília , Pesini Gustavo , Tiecher Tales
Published: April 2024

Context Neutralising native soil Al3+ is crucial in subtropical agriculture before implementing no-tillage (NT). Aims The aim of this study was to monitor variations in soil Al saturation and crop yields over 34 years in a field trial under NT, to define the best rate and frequency of lime reapplication for maximum productivity of grain and forage crops. Methods We measured the soil Al3+ saturation in 11 soil sampling seasons in three soil layers (0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm). From these 11 soil samplings, the Al saturation was extrapolated for the harvesting day of each crop by fitting a sigmoid model with five parameters. Then, Al saturation values of each year were plotted against the relative crop yields. From that, the critical Al saturation at which crop yield declined by more than 5% was estimated by a linear plateau model. Key results We observed that the yields of six of the 10 soybean crops, and all corn, millet, and black oat crops were not decreased even though the soil had been cultivated for 34 years without reapplying lime. The critical Al saturation values in the 10–15 cm soil layers for soybean, wheat, and cover crops were 44, 24 and 20%, respectively. Conclusions The soybean, corn, and wheat varieties available for Brazil’s subtropical region are tolerant to high Al3+ saturation, but responsive to liming. It is possible to maintain high crop yields in the long term by reapplying limestone on the soil surface. Implications It is imperative to establish an agronomic soil profile without Al3+ when adopting NT for a diverse crop rotation system. The combination of NT, Al-tolerant varieties, and reapplication of surface limestone is a suitable strategy to optimise both grain and forage yields.
WAV E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate degradation of IAA32/34 in the TMK1-mediated auxin signaling pathway during apical hook development
Authors: Wang Jun-Li , Wang Ming , Zhang Li , Li You-Xia , Li Jing-Jing , Li Yu-Yang , Pu Zuo-Xian , Li Dan-Yang , Liu Xing-Nan , Guo Wang , Di Dong-Wei , Li Xiao-Feng , Guo Guang-Qin , Wu Lei
Published: April 2024

Auxin regulates plant growth and development through downstream signaling pathways, including the best-known SCF
TIR1/AFB
-Aux/IAA-ARF pathway and several other less characterized “noncanonical” pathways. Recently, one SCF
TIR1/AFB
-independent noncanonical pathway, mediated by Transmembrane Kinase 1 (TMK1), was discovered through the analyses of its functions in
Arabidopsis
apical hook development. Asymmetric accumulation of auxin on the concave side of the apical hook triggers DAR1-catalyzed release of the C-terminal of TMK1, which migrates into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and stabilizes IAA32/34 to inhibit cell elongation, which is essential for full apical hook formation. However, the molecular factors mediating IAA32/34 degradation have not been identified. Here, we show that proteins in the CYTOKININ INDUCED ROOT WAVING 1 (CKRW1)/WAVY GROWTH 3 (WAV3) subfamily act as E3 ubiquitin ligases to target IAA32/34 for ubiquitination and degradation, which is inhibited by TMK1c-mediated phosphorylation. This antagonistic interaction between TMK1c and CKRW1/WAV3 subfamily E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates IAA32/34 levels to control differential cell elongation along opposite sides of the apical hook.
Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles trigger age-related neurodegeneration upon DNA damage
Authors: Arvanitaki Ermioni S. , Goulielmaki Evi , Gkirtzimanaki Katerina , Niotis George , Tsakani Edisona , Nenedaki Electra , Rouska Iliana , Kefalogianni Mary , Xydias Dionysios , Kalafatakis Ilias , Psilodimitrakopoulos Sotiris , Karagogeos Domna , Schumacher Björn , Stratakis Emmanuel , Garinis George A.
Published: April 2024

DNA damage and neurodegenerative disorders are intimately linked but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that persistent DNA lesions in tissue-resident macrophages carrying an XPF-ERCC1 DNA repair defect trigger neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in mice. We find that microglia accumulate dsDNAs and chromatin fragments in the cytosol, which are sensed thereby stimulating a viral-like immune response in

Er1
Cx/−

and naturally aged murine brain. Cytosolic DNAs are packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released from microglia and discharge their dsDNA cargo into IFN-responsive neurons triggering cell death. To remove cytosolic dsDNAs and prevent inflammation, we developed targeting EVs to deliver recombinant DNase I to

Er1
Cx/−

brain microglia in vivo. We show that EV-mediated elimination of cytosolic dsDNAs is sufficient to prevent neuroinflammation, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and delay the onset of neurodegenerative symptoms in

Er1
Cx/−

mice. Together, our findings unveil a causal mechanism leading to neuroinflammation and provide a rationalized therapeutic strategy against age-related neurodegeneration.
Doubling in Hong Kong Sign Language
Authors: Koenders Emily
Published: April 2024

The present paper provides a copy-movement analysis for doubling in Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL). HKSL allows for the doubling of heads and phrases in an XYX pattern with the doubled element occurring clause-finally. I argue that doubled elements undergo A’-movement into Spec,FocP, attracted by a focus-feature on Foc0. The moved element then fuses with the abstract focus feature head of FocP and becomes morphologically distinct from the lower element. This research provides a uniform account of two related phenomena, namely doubling and right dislocation, by considering head-to-spec movement. Finally, doubling in HKSL has not been previously described, and therefore my account adds to the typological picture of doubling in sign and spoken languages. This is especially important because HKSL allows for the doubling of both heads and phrases, which sets it apart from earlier accounts on doubling in other sign languages.
Identification of an avian schistosome recovered from Aythya novaeseelandia and infectivity of its miracidia to Lymnaea tomentosa snails
Authors: Davis N.E.
Published: April 2024

A partial life cycle involving miracidia hatched from the eggs of Trichobilharzia sp. recovered from New Zealand scaup (Aythya novaeseelandia) to the release of furcocercariae by laboratory snails (Lymnaea tomentosa) was accomplished. Challenges with five and ten miracidia per snail were lethal. Challenge with three miracidia resulted in development to the daughter sporocyst stage and death in five, development to furcocercarial stage and death in one, and shedding of furcocercariae in one of seven snails. Observed lethality of schistosome miracidia to L. tomentosa may explain the low infection prevalence observed in the wild. Future work should plan challenge exposures of three or fewer miracidia to ensure snail survival and successful recovery of furcocercariae. The Trichobilharzia sp. found in the New Zealand scaup does not key morphologically to the literature. It may be a new species and further work is needed.
Patterns of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus from the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
Authors: Apio A. , Palth M. , Wronski T.
Published: April 2024

Seasonal, host sex and age-related variations in helminth egg and coccidian oocyst counts were investigated in a naturally infected wild bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) population in Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda from April 2000 to February 2002. The prevalence and mean intensity quantified as the number of eggs and oocysts per gram of faeces were taken as a measure of parasite burdens. Host sex and age-related differences in prevalence values were not found but the overall prevalence of Eimeria sp. was significantly higher during the rainy season, and peak counts were recorded either during or soon after a peak rainfall. A similar trend was observed for Moniezia spp., although the results were marginally not significant. There were also no significant differences in mean intensity values, relative to host sex, age or season.
Two-Phase Flow Patterns of Air – Water and Oil in Mini Channel Against Horizontal Position
Authors: Sukamta  , Faiz Z A , Sudarja  , Sundari S
Published: April 2024

Two-phase flow is the simplest form of multi-phase flow or multi-component flow. Inside a two-phase flow, two phases or components flow simultaneously. The most important thing to ensure is not to let a flow pattern occur that can increase the flow pressure to increase very extremely so that it will damage the piping system or channel, both on the mini, small channels, and large channels. The flow pattern’s main parameters include superficial velocity, fluid density, and viscosity. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how influential these parameters are in forming flow patterns. This experimental study used an acrylic pipe 160 mm long with a diameter of 1.6 mm in a horizontal position. The liquid solution used is a water-coconut oil emulsion of 350 mg/dl and a water-oil emulsion of 500 mg/dl. The superficial velocity of the gas (JG) = 0.083 m/s - 76.604 m/s and the superficial velocity of the liquid (JL) = 0.041 m/s - 4.145 m/s. The resulting Flow Pattern is Plug, Slug Annular, Annular, and churn. Changes in the mixture of water emulsions and coconut oil have little effect on the flow pattern of a plug, slug annular, and annular and significantly affect the flow pattern of churn. This significant influence occurs because the variation in the mixture of water and oil emulsions greatly affects the difference in viscosity of liquids, namely 130.00 Cp and 161.66 Cp, thus affecting the type of flow pattern. In this study, a bubbly flow pattern was not found. This case was due to the absence of laminar to turbulent transitions because higher oil concentrations resulted in lower Reynolds values.
Microchannel-based Droplet Generation Using Multiphase Flow: A Review
Authors: Raynaldo K , Whulanza Y , Irwansyah R
Published: April 2024

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that allows for precise control of fluids at a micrometer scale, with the goal of generating encapsulated structures or droplets for specific purposes. However, producing monodispersed droplets remains a challenge, making it necessary for researchers to investigate optimal microchannel geometries and parameters for controlling droplet size. Channel-based geometries, including T-junction, flow-focusing, co-flowing, membrane, and step emulsification, are the most commonly used geometries, each with its own advantages and weaknesses. This literature review aims to highlight assessment methods of microfluidic device performance and physical phenomenon in droplet generation for each channel-based geometry, including recent findings by researchers. Output parameters such as microchannel geometries, flow patterns, and flow regime maps with interpretations can be used to evaluate the optimum input for generating droplets that are suitable for a certain application. With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world, there is an opportunity to use microfluidic devices to study SARS-CoV-2 and develop post-pandemic therapeutics. The next challenge in microfluidic device development is producing high-throughput double emulsion droplets with monodispersed size using optimum input parameters to satisfy the drug delivery purpose.
Thermal Performance of Hybrid PV/T-TEC Air Collector with Perforated-Finned Absorber Plate
Authors: Amrizal  , Amrul  , Akram M H , Yonanda A , Irsyad M
Published: April 2024

PV/T-TEC collector is a device that can produce thermal energy and electrical energy at the same time. The electrical performance may be increased by absorbing residual heat from the PV surface. Due to the temperature difference available between the hot and cold sides of this collector, additional electrical energy can be also generated by using the TEC to increase the total efficiency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the thermal effect of using both fins and TECs acting as a heatsink. Thus, the perforated zone with a dimension of 100 x 50 x 2 mm was manufactured by lancing and bending processes. Furthermore, 44 pieces of TECs were placed inside the perforated-finned zone and were attached underneath the PV surface to allow a convection heat transfer process. The model collector was then tested by using a solar simulator under 1100 W/m2 with different fluid mass flow rates ranging from 0 to 0.339 kg/s. To meet the test requirements, environmental fluid flow was also implemented and simulated by a fan with an air velocity of 1 m/s. The results showed that increasing the air mass flow rate as a working fluid by five times can reach the operating temperature of the model collector by about 64 °C (24% decrease) and 74 °C (26% decrease) for both with and without environmental fluid flow, respectively. Meanwhile, under the same test conditions, the maximum value for the temperature difference of TEC sides is found to be 5.6 °C for both with and without ambient fluid flow.
High-Speed Train Running Characteristics Assessments Using Multibody Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Putra E D J , Handoko Y A , Wikaranadhi P , Valentino J M
Published: April 2024

The development of railway transportation in Indonesia in recent years has increased the number of new vehicles with various types and specifications. These new vehicles should pass a series of running characteristics assessments against standards to ensure safety and comfort in operation. Before the field testing, the assessments using numerical simulation in the design stage need to be done. This study aims to assess the high-speed train running characteristics through modeling and testing using multibody dynamics simulation software. The standards used for the assessments refer to EN 14363 – Testing and Simulation for The Acceptance of Running Characteristics of Railway Vehicles. The high-speed train model was built and validated through four methods with comparative values calculated analytically. The validated model was then run in the simulation to get the parameters for assessment. The parameters include the coefficient of flexibility, critical speed, safety against derailment with various methods, ride comfort, and vibration mode. The parameters obtained from the simulation are compared to the acceptance criteria specified in the standard. The results show that the vehicle performance fulfills the requirement prescribed by EN 14363 standard. After the vehicle and the track infrastructure are ready, they need to be confirmed by a series of testing performed on the main line. This study supports the development of high-speed trains in Indonesia and is expected to give more insight into the usefulness of numerical simulation to predict the characteristic of dynamic performances of railway vehicles in actual operating conditions.
Wavelet scattering transform and entropy features in fluorescence spectral signal analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis
Authors: Deo Bhaswati Singha , Nayak Sidharthenee , Pal Mayukha , Panigrahi Prasanta K , Pradhan Asima
Published: April 2024

Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the female reproductive system and is regarded as a prominent cause of female mortality on a global scale. Timely and precise detection of various phases of cervical cancer holds the potential to substantially enhance both the rate of successful treatment and the duration of patient survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for detecting the biochemical changes that arise during cancer progression. In our study, fluorescence spectral data is collected from a diverse group of 110 subjects. The potential of the scattering transform technique for the purpose of cancer detection is explored. The processed signal undergoes an initial decomposition into scattering coefficients using the wavelet scattering transform (WST). Subsequently, the scattering coefficients are subjected to computation for fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, phase entropy, and spectral entropy, for effectively characterizing the fluorescence spectral signals. These combined features generated through the proposed approach are then fed to 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to classify them into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous categories, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. We obtained mean classification accuracy of 97% using 5-fold cross-validation. This demonstrates the potential of combining WST and entropic features for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy signals using 1D CNN classifier that enables early cancer detection in contrast to prevailing diagnostic methods.
Household biogas technology in the cold climate of low-income countries: a review of sustainable technologies for accelerating biogas generation
Authors: Lohani Sunil Prasad , Shaw Taniya Kumari , Shrestha Sujesh , Dhungana Bipasyana , Jha Navin Kumar , Chen Haoran , Mohamed Abeer , Cheng Shikun , Raghuvanshi Smita
Published: April 2024

Low-income countries (LICs) have long benefitted from household biogas plants for the extraction of clean energy and fertilizers. Despite their popularity, such ordinary plants do not have heating systems and suffer from low biogas production in cold regions or during winter. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research and development of household biogas technology in cold climates. This review specifically highlights the influence of temperature on biogas production and technologies, as well as recent advances in psychrophilic biogas production. These measures include the introduction of adapted inocula, maneuvering operational parameters (such as hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate), co-digestion approach and additives, and digester designs. In addition, this review shows that the adoption of low-cost heating arrangements, including the construction of a greenhouse over biodigesters, digester insulation, and integration of solar heating, is crucial for enhancing biogas production. Furthermore, this review identified gaps in the operation of biodigesters under psychrophilic temperature in LICs and recommends operational consistencies in full-scale psychrophilic biogas plants through the development of standards, operational guidelines, and user training.
Warm reactive autoantibodies detected by solid phase technology: Patient characteristics, laboratory features, and clinical significance
Authors: Blackall Douglas P , Little Jennifer T
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study focused on the serology, clinical characteristics, and hemolytic potential of warm reactive autoantibodies detected by solid phase red cell adherence.

Methods

Ninety-seven patients with warm autoantibodies were evaluated. Serologic characteristics included the strength of solid phase reactivity, the results of tube-based ancillary testing, direct antiglobulin test and eluate results, and an assessment for contemporaneous alloantibodies. Clinical characteristics of the patients included age, sex, and primary diagnosis. Each patient was also assessed for evidence of hemolysis.

Results

Most of the 97 study patients were female (63.9%), and the average age was 66 years. Hematologic disorders were the most common diagnosis. A majority (70.1%) of the warm autoantibodies had 3 to 4+ reaction strengths, and approximately 90% had negative testing with at least 1 test tube method. There was an even distribution of direct antiglobulin test reaction strengths, with 74% reactive with anti–immunoglobulin G only. Alloantibodies were identified in 20% of patients. Evidence of hemolysis was identified in only 13 patients (13.4%).

Conclusions

Warm reactive autoantibodies are more likely to be hemolytic, have strongly reactive indirect and direct antiglobulin tests, remain reactive in tube-based ancillary testing methods, and are seen primarily in patients with hematologic disorders.
MRI findings in 1 case of primary gallbladder lymphoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Sun Min , Kang Liqing
Published: April 2024

We describe a case of gallbladder extra-nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-ML). MALT-ML is rare, and its clinical manifestations are lack of specificity. A few cases have been reported, and no characteristic imaging features have been described. We discussed the challenges of MRI in diagnosing MALT-ML of gallbladder, especially in differentiating it from gallbladder cancer. We found a “comb-like” sign in the inner wall of gallbladder on T2WI, which may be helpful in diagnosing gallbladder MALT-ML.
Use of artificial intelligence for the prediction of lymph node metastases in early-stage colorectal cancer: systematic review
Authors: Thompson Nasya , Morley-Bunker Arthur , McLauchlan Jared , Glyn Tamara , Eglinton Tim
Published: April 2024

Background

Risk evaluation of lymph node metastasis for early-stage (T1 and T2) colorectal cancers is critical for determining therapeutic strategies. Traditional methods of lymph node metastasis prediction have limited accuracy. This systematic review aimed to review the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed of papers that evaluated the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers. Studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The primary outcome was summarizing artificial intelligence models and their accuracy. Secondary outcomes included influential variables and strategies to address challenges.

Results

Of 3190 screened manuscripts, 11 were included, involving 8648 patients from 1996 to 2023. Due to diverse artificial intelligence models and varied metrics, no data synthesis was performed. Models included random forest algorithms, support vector machine, deep learning, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Artificial intelligence models’ area under the curve values ranged from 0.74 to 0.9993 (slide level) and 0.9476 to 0.9956 (single-node level), outperforming traditional clinical guidelines.

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence models show promise in predicting lymph node metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancers, potentially refining clinical decisions and improving outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023409094.
Pathophysiology in cortico-amygdala circuits and excessive aversion processing: the role of oligodendrocytes and myelination
Authors: Poggi Giulia , Klaus Federica , Pryce Christopher R
Published: April 2024

Stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, present with alterations in emotional processing, including excessive processing of negative/aversive stimuli and events. The bidirectional human/primate brain circuit comprising anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala is of fundamental importance in processing emotional stimuli, and in rodents the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit is to some extent analogous in structure and function. Here, we assess the comparative evidence for: (i) Anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala bidirectional neural circuits as major contributors to aversive stimulus processing; (ii) Structural and functional changes in anterior cingulate cortex<->amygdala circuit associated with excessive aversion processing in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, and in medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuit in rodent models of chronic stress-induced increased aversion reactivity; and (iii) Altered status of oligodendrocytes and their oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuits in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and stress models. The comparative evidence from humans and rodents is that their respective anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuits are integral to adaptive aversion processing. However, at the sub-regional level, the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex structure-function analogy is incomplete, and differences as well as similarities need to be taken into account. Structure-function imaging studies demonstrate that these neural circuits are altered in both human stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and rodent models of stress-induced increased aversion processing. In both cases, the changes include altered white matter integrity, albeit the current evidence indicates that this is decreased in humans and increased in rodent models. At the cellular-molecular level, in both humans and rodents, the current evidence is that stress disorders do present with changes in oligodendrocyte lineage, oligodendrocytes and/or myelin in these neural circuits, but these changes are often discordant between and even within species. Nonetheless, by integrating the current comparative evidence, this review provides a timely insight into this field and should function to inform future studies—human, monkey and rodent—to ascertain whether or not the oligodendrocyte lineage and myelination are causally involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Heterogeneous genetic patterns in bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria: insights from a Finnish family cohort
Authors: Järvelä Irma , Paetau Ritva , Rajendran Yasmin , Acharya Anushree , Bharadwaj Thashi , Leal Suzanne M , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Palomäki Maarit , Schrauwen Isabelle
Published: April 2024

Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria is the most common form of regional polymicrogyria within malformations of cortical development, constituting 20% of all malformations of cortical development. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria is characterized by an excessive folding of the cerebral cortex and abnormal cortical layering. Notable clinical features include upper motoneuron dysfunction, dysarthria and asymmetric quadriparesis. Cognitive impairment and epilepsy are frequently observed. To identify genetic variants underlying bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria in Finland, we examined 21 families using standard exome sequencing, complemented by optical genome mapping and/or deep exome sequencing. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 5/21 (24%) of families, of which all were confirmed as de novo. These variants were identified in five genes, i.e. DDX23, NUS1, SCN3A, TUBA1A and TUBB2B, with NUS1 and DDX23 being associated with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria for the first time. In conclusion, our results confirm the previously reported genetic heterogeneity of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria and underscore the necessity of more advanced methods to elucidate the genetic background of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.