bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Intelligent Cross-Domain Routing Method in SDN Based on a Proposed Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
Authors: Ye Miao , Huang Linqiang , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Yong , Jiang Qiuxiang , Qiu Hongbing
Published: September 2023

Message transmission and message synchronization for multicontroller interdomain routing in software-defined networking (SDN) have long adaptation times and slow convergence speeds, coupled with the shortcomings of traditional interdomain routing methods, such as cumbersome configuration and inflexible acquisition of network state information. These drawbacks make it difficult to obtain a global state information of the network, and the optimal routing decision cannot be made in real time, affecting network performance. This paper proposes a cross-domain intelligent SDN routing method based on a proposed multiagent deep reinforcement learning. First, the network is divided into multiple subdomains managed by multiple local controllers, and the state information of each subdomain is flexibly obtained by the designed SDN multithreaded network measurement mechanism. Then, a cooperative communication module is designed to realize message transmission and message synchronization between root and local controllers, and socket technology is used to ensure the reliability and stability of message transmission between multiple controllers to realize the real-time acquisition of global network state information. Finally, after the optimal intradomain and interdomain routing paths are adaptively generated by the agents in the root and local controllers, a prediction mechanism for the network traffic state is designed to improve the awareness of the cross-domain intelligent routing method and enable the generation of the optimal routing paths in the global network in real time. Experimental results show that the proposed cross-domain intelligent routing method can significantly improve the network throughput, reduce the network delay and the packet loss rate compared to the Dijkstra and OSPF routing methods.
Expression of Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Genes is Correlated with Immune Microenvironment and Predicts Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gong Wenlin , Gao Fushan , Shao Fei , Chen Leifeng , Gao Yibo , He Jie
Published: September 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that is enough to primes adaptive immune response. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that ICD has the potential to modify the tumor immune microenvironment by release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which may contribute to the immunotherapy. We aimed to explore the expression profile of ICD-associated biomarkers and construct a prognostic signature based on these genes in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we identified two ICD-associated molecular subgroups with significantly different survival. The cluster 1 presented a favorable prognosis and associated with high abundance of immune infiltrating cells and relatively high immune status. Functional analyses revealed that the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between the two subgroups were mainly enriched in immune response signaling. Besides, a risk score signature was established based on eleven ICD-related genes, the signature possessed potent potential for prognosis prediction of LUAD patients, Analysis of immune profiles showed that low-risk groups presented noticeable immune-cell infiltrations and more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. In conclusion, our research established a new classification system of LUAD based on ICD signature. This stratification had significant guide clinical practice for estimating prognosis, as well as the potential immunotherapy for LUAD patients.
The use of X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence in research into historical printing from the 17 th century
Authors: Neoralová Jitka , Kazanskii Andrei , Kindlerová Rita Lyons , Novotná Dana , Vávrová Petra , Vavrik Daniel , Kumpová Ivana , Vopálenský Michal , Kyncl Tomáš
Published: September 2023

This work presents the use of X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence in analyses and expert surveys of historical manuscripts and early prints. Historic early prints and manuscripts retain much information about their origins, owners and creators, or various defects hidden in the book binding or hidden between layers of material. The Department of Research Laboratories of the National Library of the Czech Republic has long been involved in non-invasive methods of making visible and documenting information that is not available during normal historical or restoration research. The book that was selected for the survey was a 17th-century historical print of the collection of the Slavic Library originally from Kiev, with the full title Eukhologīon albo Molitoslov, ili Trebnik. The main purpose of the survey was to confirm whether the book binding is original or whether it is a rebinding, and whether there are no fragments of older texts in the binding. Radiography was unable to provide sufficient quality documents confirming or refuting the binding or the presence of layers in the book binding carrying the text. Computed tomography made it possible to display detailed structure of bookbinding materials, including wooden boards. No fragments or layers with older texts were found in the structure of the book binding therefore, there is no need for invasive intervention. All binding elements were visible and no internal defects in materials and stitching were detected. The possibility of reading text in a closed book based on X-ray computed tomography will be presented, as this option may be advantageous for massively damaged manuscripts. Thanks to a very detailed representation of the wood structure using tomography, it was possible to carry out a dendrochronological survey without invasive intervention. Dendrochronological analysis confirmed the original bookbinding materials corresponding to the age of early printing. As part of the survey, an elemental analysis of the font was also carried out using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The letters in the CT reconstruction have significantly different contrasts. The different elemental composition of the printing inks was verified using XRF analysis.
Meninigovascular syphilis presenting as acute ischemic stroke in an HIV + young adult: A case report and a brief literature review
Authors: Kuma¹ Abera , Tadesse¹ Sinetibeb , Girma Abdulkerim
Published: September 2023

Background
Meningovascular syphilis, a distinct classification of neurosyphilis, has gained attention for its association with cerebral ischemia, particularly among individuals living with HIV. This unique manifestation of syphilis affects the meningeal and vascular structures of the central nervous system, leading to cerebrovascular complications. Notably, in young patients who present with stroke-like symptoms, especially within the context of HIV infection, should prompt suspicion of meningovascular syphilis
Case presentation
A right-handed male patient presented with a sudden paresis of the right upper and lower extremities, along with facial deviation to the left and low verbal output, constructing sentences, and conveying thoughts or ideas effectively. Upon admission, the patient's neurological examination revealed a Glasgow Coma score of 10A. He exhibited motor aphasia, right facial paralysis sparing the forehead, and right upper and lower extremity spastic hemiparesis with a strength of 3 out of 5 on the Medical Research Council scale. The Plantar reflex was positive on the affected side. Brain Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left middle cerebral artery infarction (cortical and lenticulostrial territory acute infarction).
Conclusion:
The authors recommend treating physician to have a high index of suspicion towards meningovascular syphilis as a potential cause of stroke in young individuals. This is crucial, especially when there is also a concurrent HIV infection, as it can significantly affect treatment decisions.
Quantifying Numerical Uncertainty in Background-Oriented Schlieren
Authors: Anand Pranjal , Zhang Jiacheng , Rajendran Lalit , Bane Sally , Vlachos Pavlos
Published: September 2023

Our study presents and evaluates a method for computing the numerical uncertainty in Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS). We use Richardson extrapolation to assess the uncertainty of numerical integration of density gradients, based on residuals of density results across two grid levels. By integrating this numerical uncertainty with the existing random uncertainty, we obtain the final uncertainty of the density field. We assess the method's effectiveness using synthetic fields with artificial noise. Our error analysis shows that the sharpness of the density gradient significantly affects bias error and the prediction of numerical uncertainty. The prediction of numerical uncertainty corresponds to variations in bias error, particularly when the noise level and wavelength of the flow field are altered. By accounting for the numerical uncertainty, our method achieves up to 91% accuracy in predicting total uncertainty, as measured against the root-mean-square of the total error. We further demonstrate the utility of our methodology by applying it to experimental BOS images. Our proposed approach offers a more accurate understanding of uncertainty estimation in the BOS technique, with implications for future experiments.
Stimulation of M2 Macrophage Polarization and Presentation of Tumor Antigens by Hybrid Hydrogel Based on Lysate of M1 Macrophages and Tumor Cells for Activation of Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Meng , Luo Yingli
Published: September 2023

Tumor therapy remains a major challenge in modern medicine. In recent years, autologous cell-derived hydrogels have gained significant attention as an innovative treatment strategy and have been extensively investigated for their potential applications in tumor immunotherapy. They not only directly interact with cells but also provide an ideal scaffold structure, facilitating the restoration of tumor tissue to a normal state. Moreover, hydrogels demonstrate excellent drug loading capacity for targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. As they are derived from the patient's own cells, immunological rejection and safety concerns associated with exogenous materials can be avoided. Here, we prepared the hybrid hydrogel with the combination of tumor cells lysate and M1 macrophages lysate. The M1 macrophages lysate polarized the M2 macrophages, otherwise, the induced M1 macrophages could uptake the tumor antigens from the prepared hybrid hydrogel. Then, they will present the tumor antigens and stimulate the naïve T cells. The activated T cells will specifically kill the tumors. Therefore, the platform of autologous hybrid cells lysate will be helpful for the tumor immunotherapy.
Psoas major muscle mass and upper limb muscle strength are the main factors influencing the rate of HDL-cholesterol within the target in T2DM patients
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Han Zhilin , Cheng Wei , Zhang Zhitian , Liu Jiaojiao , Wang Yongjian , Wang Xiangyu , Yan Hongmei , Wang Ru
Published: September 2023

Background
Achieving lipid control standards is one of the most important measures to slow down the development of diabetic complications. Clinically, effective drugs have been widely used to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). However, there are no effective drugs to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Studies have shown that exercise can improve HDL-c, so this study intends to investigate the association between muscle mass/muscle strength at different sites and HDL-c to provide clinical evidence to develop precise exercise therapy in the future.
Methods
We included 2 populations to analyze the relationship between muscle and HDL-c in two aspects: muscle mass and muscle strength. The first study population, including 218 participants, was recruited from inpatients with T2DM in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between February 2017 and December 2020. The second study population, including 138 participants, was recruited from patients with T2DM in Shanghai Yangpu District Central Hospital from June to December 2021. Both groups were analyzed to determine the relationship between psoas major muscle (PMM) mass and muscle strength at different sites and HDL-c.
Results
The results showed that PMM mass and HDL-c were independently associated and that lower limb muscle strength was not associated with HDL-c. In addition, the odds of achieving the HDL-c target increased with the increase in biceps, triceps and deltoids after adjustment by weight. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions in the trend test for the correlation between PMM mass or upper limb muscle strength and HDL-c between age, sex, and BMI after stratification in the subgroup analysis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that greater PMM mass and upper limb muscle strength are beneficial for reaching HDL-c targets in certain T2DM patients. This suggests that in clinical practice, specific training of PMM mass and upper limb muscle strength can improve HDL-c in those patients.
Exploring Student Experiences of Learning Chemistry Using Holism Evolution Infused Poetry
Authors: Mirkin Philip
Published: September 2023

Holism evolution states that although energy, matter, life, consciousness and the human personality are independent and different substances/levels of evolution, they are holistically and intimately related. This paper presents the findings from teaching chemistry to high school and post-graduate university science-education students using poetry constructed from physical science ideas imbedded in holism evolution. The research findings are from observed student behaviour and written feedback from being taught chemistry using poems on the periodic table and acids and bases. Both poems demonstrate the holism intimacy between various substances/levels of evolution, with the periodic table poem also presenting groups of chemical elements as representing the characteristics of infant, teenager, adult and old age of matter, presenting a holistic relationship between matter and life. The findings indicate that using holism evolution infused content led to a personally meaningful engagement with chemistry even among students with limited previous interest in the subject. Many post-graduate students expressed an awakened new level of engagement with chemistry as well as new insights to enliven their teaching practice.
A new risk model of predicting left atrial thrombus/spontaneous echo contrast using left atrial diameter and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Zhu Junying , Li Guangyu , Hu Feng , Zang Minhua , Pu Jun
Published: September 2023

Objective
To develop a new model for predicting left atrial thrombus (LAT) or spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and explore the influence from left atrial diameter (LAD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to LAT/SEC in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).
Methods
A total of 434 consecutive PAF patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were divided into LAT/SEC group and No LAT/SEC group between January 2019 and December 2021. Then, we retrospectively analyzed the baseline clinical characteristics, routine laboratory and echocardiographic parameters.
Results
Among the 434 PAF patients, 45 patients had LAT/SEC (10.4%, 45/434). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified LAD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.202, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.107–1.305, P < 0.001] and BNP (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000–1.003, P = 0.035) were independent risk factors of LAT/SEC. The optimal cut-off values when predicting LAT/SEC using LAD and BNP were 41.5 mm and 62.6 pg/mL, respectively. A model of combining LAD, BNP and CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved discrimination in LAT/SEC. In medium risk group, the incidence of LAT/SEC (22.6%) rose significantly when LAD or BNP was higher than cut-off values.
Conclusion
LAD and BNP, as independent predictors of LAT/SEC, combine with CHA2DS2-VASc score may better help thromboembolic risk stratification in PAF patients. Especially if LAD or BNP was higher than their cut-off values, the risk of cardioembolic stroke would rise accompanied by the increased incidence of LAT/SEC in patients with medium risk group.
Dihydroartemisinin Enhances the Effects of Oxaliplatin by Activating PDCD5/ARAF mediated Signal Transduction in Colon Cancer
Authors: Peng Yanling , Zheng Yingying , Qiu Juanjuan , Liu Jing , Zou Jiaorui , Liu Chunyan , Chai Zhengbin
Published: September 2023

Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) has been reported to be expressed at low levels in various types of cancers and can be upregulated and rapidly migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when cell death is induced. It is believed to be an important prognostic marker for the response to cancer therapy. Further study of the molecular mechanism by which PDCD5 exerts its antitumour activity and exploration of low toxicity and high-efficiency drugs targeting PDCD5 may reveal a promising strategy for clinical cancer therapy. In this study, the function and molecular mechanism of PDCD5 in colon tumorigenesis were thoroughly studied. PDCD5 was distributed mainly in nontumor tissues and expressed at low levels in colon cancer tissues, and the expression level of PDCD5 was negatively related to cell proliferation and tumour growth. In addition, PDCD5 expression was positively related to the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and dihydroartemisinin (DHA). The molecular mechanism of PDCD5 in colon tumorigenesis was also studied using proteomic analysis, which showed that PDCD5 can downregulate ARAF expression and subsequently impair ARAF/MEK/ERK signal transduction. DHA exerts its antitumour activity via active PDCD5 to suppress the ARAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway and improve the antitumour effects of oxaliplatin. In summary, DHA can enhance the cytotoxic effects of oxaliplatin by regulating PDCD5 expression and subcellular localization to suppress the ARAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway.
Trunk distortion weakens the tree productivity revealed by half-sib progeny determination of Pinus yunnanensis
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Gao Chengjie , Che Fengxian , Li Jin , Wang Lu , Cui Kai
Published: September 2023

Twisted trunks are not uncommon in trees, but their effects on tree growth are still unclear. Among coniferous tree species, the phenomenon of trunk distortion of P. yunnanensis is more prominent. In order to expand the germplasm genetic resources, select families with excellent phenotypic traits and provide materials for advanced generation breeding, the progeny test forest containing 93 excellent families was used as the research material. Phenotypic measurements were performed at 9, 15 and 18 years of age, respectively, and genetic parameters were estimated. The results showed as follows: (1) There were significant differences in phenotypic traits (plant height, diameter breast height, long crown diameter, short crown diameter, height under branches, degree of stem-straightness, and volume) among and within families, indicating that there was abundant variation among families and potential for selection. (2) At half rotation period (18 years old), there was a significant correlation between the traits. The proportion of trees with twisted trunks (level 1–3 straightness) was 48%, and the degree of stem-straightness significantly affected vegetative growth traits, among which plant height and diameter breast height were the most affected, and the volume loss rate caused by twisted trunk was 18.06%-56.75%, implying that trunk distortion could not be completely eliminated after an artificial selection. (3) The influence of tree shape, crown width and trunk on volume increased in turn, and the correlation between plant height, diameter breast height and volume was extremely significant. The range of phenotypic coefficient of variation, genetic variation coefficient and heritability of growth traits (plant height, diameter breast height and volume) were 44.29%-127.13%, 22.88%-60.87% and 0.79–0.83, respectively. (4) A total of 21 superior families were selected by the method of membership function combined with independent selection. Compared with the mid-term selection (18 years old), the accuracy of early selection (9 years old) reached 77.5%, indicating its feasibility. The average genetic gain and realistic gain range of the selected families were 5.79%-19.82% and 7.12%-24.27%, respectively. This study can provide some reference for the breeding of coniferous species.
Exploring the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of Schizochytrium sp. S31
Authors: AL-OGAIDI Doaa Abdullah Hammadi , KARAÇAM Sevinç , GURBANOV Rafig , VARDAR-YEL Nurcan
Published: September 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Decomposition Methods for Monotone Two-Time-Scale Stochastic Optimization Problems
Authors: Rigaut Tristan , Carpentier Pierre , Chancelier Jean-Philippe , De Lara Michel
Published: September 2023

It is common that strategic investment decisions are made at a slow time-scale, whereas operational decisions are made at a fast time-scale. Hence, the total number of decision stages may be huge. In this paper, we consider multistage stochastic optimization problems with two time-scales, and we propose a time block decomposition scheme to address them numerically. More precisely, i) we write recursive Bellman-like equations at the slow time-scale and ii), under a suitable monotonicity assumption, we propose computable upper and lower bounds — relying respectively on primal and dual decomposition — for the corresponding slow time-scale Bellman functions. With these functions, we are able to design policies.We assess the methods tractability and validate their efficiency by solving a battery management problem where the fast time-scale operational decisions have an impact on the storage current capacity, hence on the strategic decisions to renew the battery at the slow time-scale.
Effect of skeletal muscle immobilization in regional anisotropic viscohyperelastic properties change
Authors: SIMON Clément , ZIDI Mustapha
Published: September 2023

Passive mechanical properties in three different zones of biceps brachii immobilized in short position and its free contralateral were investigated. For that, in vitro equibiaxial relaxation tests were performed on samples collected skeletal muscles of immobilized rats during one or two weeks. From data obtained in two plane axes of loading, a viscohyperelastic anisotropic model described by a strain energy function coupled with second order Maxwell’s model, was used to identify the material parameters. It has been shown that the zone influences the material parameters of the hyperelasticity behaviour while the immobilization acts rather on the viscoelasticity response. The muscle atrophy caused by immobilization leads to a more linear mechanical behaviour along the axis of the muscle fibers. Furthermore, fibrosis quantified by histological analysis confirms the highly non-linear behaviour along the other axis. These structural changes also contribute to the increase in relaxation following immobilization along both axes (+ 11.7% and + 15.5% on average with p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively for each axis).
Adolescents’ Strategies to Manage Psychopathology Symptoms: a Mixed Methods Study in a Community Sample
Authors: Huizenga Hilde M. , Ammerlaan Floor E. , Zandstra Indi , Larsen Helle
Published: September 2023

Adolescents' management of psychopathology symptoms is crucial for preventing diagnosed conditions, yet little is known about adolescents’ specific strategies to do so. For instance, it remains unclear how adolescents manage worrying (symptom of emotional problems) or lack of focus (symptom of hyperactivity/inattention).
To address this gap, we created an innovative online tool surveying a community sample of 218 adolescents aged 16 to 19. They shared how they manage specific symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems, and emotional problems, and rated effectiveness of their strategies.
Qualitative inductive analysis uncovered 51 strategies, some mirroring established emotion regulation or coping strategies, while others were novel. Interestingly, strategies varied across symptoms, and the most frequently used strategies were considered effective.
These findings shed light on the wide array of adolescent-specific and symptom-specific strategies that adolescents find helpful. They offer valuable insights for designing prevention programs that resonate with adolescents' unique lives and needs.
Identification of hub genes in vestibular Schwannoma by bioinformatics analyses and machine learning methods
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Zhang Chi , Ma Shuo , Yuan Haining , Zhang Xueli , Cui Yong
Published: September 2023

Background
Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) is one of the causes of severe hearing loss with poor therapeutic effect and low quality of life. Lacking effective biomarkers may result in underdiagnosis. Therefore, by exploring the mechanism of sensorineural hearing loss, applying new technologies to optimize the effect of gene therapy to restore auditory function will be a key scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently.This study aims to identify possible hub genes and pathways that may provide useful insights into the underlying pathogenesis and inform integrated prevention and treatment for VS.
Methods
We performed an integrated analysis using multi-omics data to search biomarkers for VS tumorigenesis. This story starts with two gene expression datasets (GSE108524 and GSE39645) collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen the hub genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to select hub genes. Hub genes were validated by network topology analysis, biological expression analysis, and machine learning methods-two algorithms (KNN and SVC). The functional annotation and potential pathways of hub genes and known biomarkers were further discovered by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. We further performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify functions that varied between normal and tumor tissues. CIBERSORT score was conducted to check the heterogeneity of immune cells among tumor tissues.
Results
We identified 425 DEGs between normal tissue and VS from gene expression data. Three hub genes (EGFR, CAV1, and PPARG) were selected according to the PPI network. The average accuracy of 5 algorithms in machine learning methods is 0.956. GO and KEGG analysis found out signaling pathways were significantly enriched pathways for DEGs. There was obvious Geneset enrichment in the grouping of PPARG and CIBERSORT scores on 107 tumor tissues found that the types of immune cells with high and low expression of PPARG were different.
Conclusion
The dysregulation of three genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of VS, furthermore, they may be used for prognosis and new therapeutic targets. Among these hub genes, types of immune cells with high and low expression of PPARG were different.
Near-surface Azimuthal Magnetic Fields and their Role in Solar Activity Cycles
Authors: Tlatov Andrey
Published: September 2023

Variations of the azimuthal magnetic fields of the Sun in the 23 - 25 activity cycles of the activity cycles are considered. To identify azimuthal magnetic fields, the analysis of daily observations of LOS magnetic fields from the regions near the solar limb was performed. It is shown that with a sufficiently large averaging of the data, large-scale structures are distinguished that can be interpreted by horizontal magnetic fields directed along the East - West direction. Azimuthal magnetic fields are visible both in the low-latitude zone and at high latitudes. Azimuthal fields at the same latitudes have opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres, and also change sign in even and odd cycles of activity.
The mechanism of formation of global azimuthal magnetic fields and their role in the cycle of solar activity is discussed. The near-surface azimuthal magnetic field is closely related to the activity cycle. Apparently, the azimuthal field is formed from U-shaped flux tubes of active regions (AR). Due to the presence of the tilt angle AR during differential rotation, the subsurface magnetic fields are pulled in the azimuthal direction. The role of azimuthal magnetic fields in solar activity cycles is considered. A scheme for generating a magnetic field according to a scheme different from Babcock-Leighton dynamo models is proposed.
Role of anthropogenic and dust aerosols in spatially modulating the rainfall over India
Authors: Verma Shubha , Santra Sauvik , Boucher Olivier , Roxy Mathew
Published: September 2023

An inconsistent prediction of aerosol species distribution over the Indian subcontinent has so far limited our understanding of their potential linkages to Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) measurements inferred spatial modulations (weakening and strengthening) of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall. Our study shows that the modelled aerosol-induced spatial modulations in ISM rainfall can potentially explain the measurements-inferred corresponding changes when adequately accounting for evolving regional aerosol distributions (anthropogenic and dust) and radiative effects in a high-resolution (25×25 km2) weather research and forecasting model (WRF). The weakening of the rainfall (30%–40%) over most of the Indo-Gangetic plain with a maximum deficiency over eastern India (− 48 mm) is found to be primarily driven by changes in regional wind-fields dynamics induced due to larger contrasts (radiative cooling and warming) of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing between the Indian mainland and oceanic region. The rainfall increase (> 50%) strengthened from radiative warming of dust aerosols over most of central India, northwestern India, and the western coast (including the Kerala region) also cautions for proper water management to control the potential flood and crop damage risks.
A bionic bird jumping grasping structure design based on stm32 development board control
Authors: ZHANG Chunpeng , SHAO Weiping , HAO Yongping
Published: September 2023

During takeoff and landing, birds bounce and grab with their legs and feet. In this paper,the lower limb structure of the bionic bird is designed with reference to the function of jumping and grasping, and the PID algorithm based on the development module of stm32 development board is used to speed control the lower limb driving element, so that the motor and the bishaft steering gear move with the rate change of sine wave. According to the speed of grasping response time and the size of grasping force, the structure of the bionic bird paw is designed. Based on the photosensitive sensor fixed in the geometric center of the foot, the grasping action of the lower limb mechanism is intelligently controlled. Finally, the kinematic verification of the lower limb structure is carried out by ADAMS. Experiments show that the foot structure with four toes and three toes is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the body while realizing the fast grasping function. In addition, it can effectively improve the push-lift ratio of the bionic ornithopter by adjusting the sinusoidal waveform rate of the motor speed.
Chinese library classification number：TP242
The Effect of Marketing Mix on Consumer Buying Behaviour of Micro and Small Enterprise in Nekemte City, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hinkosa Jabessa , Eshetu Teshome
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marketing mix on consumer buying behavior of MSEs; the case of Nekemte city administration. To achieve study objective, descriptive and explanatory research design were used combined with qualitative and quantitative research approach. The study was delimited to proportionate convenience and judgmental sampling techniques. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire which has been developed and distributed to a sample of 384 consumers of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) in the Nekemte city. The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential analysis techniques. The findings have shown that the mean score of marketing variables i. e.4p’s inclined to agreement level. All independent variables, marketing mix elements have the significant correlation with the dependent variable, consumer buying behavior of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs). In this case, relatively product had a higher strong relationship with consumer buying behavior. The results also revealed that these independent variables jointly explained Adjusted R square is 0.82.1 of the variance in micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) consumer buying behavior. This summary shows that about 82.1% of the variance in the consumer buying behavior was explained by the independent variables (4p’s), and the ANOVA results shows, it is possible to see the overall significance of the model. Likewise, the empirical findings of the simultaneously by multiple regressions indicated that, three of the predictor variables: product, place, and promotion, have a positive and statistically significant effect on the consumer buying behavior of micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs). But price have negative and significant effect on consumer buying behavior. Finally, the study recommended that micro and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) should produce quality products, charge competitive prices, promote products/services appropriately, and pay attention to enterprises locations.
Association of ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphism with Circulating Adiponectin Level in Iraqi Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alrikabi Rihab , Hussain Da’ad A.
Published: September 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Beyond Therapeutic Potential: A Systematic Investigation of Ketamine Misuse in Major Depressive Disorder Patients
Authors: Juneja Keshav , Afroze Sabah , Goti Zeel , Sahu Sweta , Asawa Shivani , Priya Bhuchakra Hamsa , Natarajan Balaganesh , Pandey Sunayna
Published: September 2023

Ketamine, a pharmacological agent that acts as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, has garnered considerable interest due to its notable and expeditious antidepressant properties observed in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have exhibited resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive and rigorous systematic review was undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of ketamine abuse within the population of individuals who are undergoing ketamine treatment for MDD. A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases to identify pertinent studies published in the period from 2021 to 2023. The present investigation incorporated a comprehensive range of studies encompassing the abuse or misuse of ketamine, comprising case reports, observational studies, and clinical trials. The process of data extraction and quality assessment was conducted in accordance with predetermined criteria. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate the importance of monitoring and addressing ketamine abuse in patients receiving ketamine treatment for MDD. The wide range in reported prevalence rates points out the need for standardized criteria and measures for defining and assessing ketamine abuse.
Ukrainian online magazines for women: types, quantity and their features
Authors: Mudra Iryna , Kitsa Mariana
Published: September 2023

Introduction. With the development of the Internet, traditional women’s magazines created their own web pages and published materials. A women’s magazine is not so much about the magazine as a printed product, but about the content it contains. Therefore, new women’s online magazines appear every year and less popular ones disappear. Women’s online magazines (online publications) include publications that operate only on the Internet and do not have printed counterparts, which are engaged in the preparation and distribution of information addressed to a female audience.
Relevance of the study. During the research, we did not manage to find works that specifically related to the research of Ukrainian online magazines, nor were we able to find any figures about their exact number, which are updated and read by Ukrainian women. Therefore, the topic is relevant.
Methodology. During the research, general scientific methods of analysis and generalization were used. The method of content analysis helped to clarify the topics of Ukrainian women’s online magazines, their genres and specifics were highlighted. The comparison method was also used in the analysis of publications. The grouping method was applied when forming a list of network logs. And with the help of the descriptive method, the research results were formed.
Results. During the research, 30 Ukrainian women’s online magazines were found. These magazines are named as online magazines or women’s magazines. They are different in content and design. The peculiarity and difference of women’s online magazines from traditional ones is that they are updated several times a day, the size of their publications is usually small, 1000-2000 characters, materials up to 3000 thousand characters appear rarely. Publications of online magazines contain several pictures, as well as videos. Regarding the language of the publication, there is a part that is published exclusively in Ukrainian (“Ukrainky”, “Women’s World”, “Your World” and others), and a part only in Russian (“LadyHealth”, “Stringi” and others), and there are bilingual ones (in Ukrainian and Russian). Three magazines on this list stopped being updated in 2022, namely Fragile, Wanna, and Zerept.com.
Conclusions. Women’s online magazines occupy a significant part of the media market in Ukraine. In 2022, 30 Ukrainian online magazines for women were updated. Such editions are different in content, frequency and design, and are also directed for different age categories of Ukrainian women and their social status and preferences. The content varies accordingly: from important socio-political topics to news from the world of fashion and beauty. They are also updated differently: from several times a day to once a month. The genre palette of online women’s magazines is also diverse.
Microbiologia no cotidiano: práticas experimentais no ensino público
Authors: PEREIRA Lucas de Oliveira , VIEIRA Fabiane Luciana da Cruz Ramos , PASSAMANI Greziele Barranco , BACKES Luana Gabriela , PEREIRA Lurdes de Oliveira , MORAIS Ronilce Maria Pires de , SILVA Diego Romário da
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo descreve uma experiência de extensão que teve como objetivo promover atividades práticas experimentais através de uma oficina intitulada "Os microrganismos e a compostagem". O intuito foi aprimorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e despertar o interesse dos estudantes pela microbiologia. O projeto foi dividido em duas etapas: teórica e prática. Ao todo, 41 alunos do Ensino Fundamental, provenientes de uma escola pública, participaram da iniciativa, permitindo-lhes adquirir conhecimento sobre o tema e desenvolver uma maior conscientização sobre a influência dos microrganismos no cotidiano das pessoas. A presente experiência revelou-se como uma oportunidade enriquecedora de aprendizado e sensibilização para os estudantes envolvidos, contribuindo positivamente para o ensino da microbiologia nesse contexto educacional.
Experimental study on waterproof performance of assembled station joints of Shenzhen Rail Transit Line
Authors: Ding Xianli , Yu Deyong , Liu Yongxiang , Ou Feiqi , Deng Yongzhong , Zhang Qian , Du Mingyuan , Cao Shujie , Zhao Yixuan , Zhang Zihang , Ma Yan
Published: September 2023

With the development of underground prefabricated building structure, the influence of waterproof performance on underground engineering construction is becoming more and more important. Based on the analysis of the current situation of waterproof technology of prefabricated subway station joints, this paper conducts similar experiments on the waterproof mechanism and construction characteristics of the water-swelling rubber water-stop selected at the joint, and analyzes the waterproof performance of the assembly joint and the overall performance of the structure. It lays the foundation for the selection of waterproof materials, structural size optimization and opening design of the prefabricated subway station structure, and analyzes the waterproof performance of the rubber water-stop. In order to grasp and record the overall stability and waterproof performance of the assembled subway station structure in time, on the basis of field investigation, the model joint specimens of the assembled subway station joints were made according to the similar theoretical model experiment, and the joints of the assembled subway station joints were watered. The internal seepage, development and deformation convergence of the specimen structure were monitored in real time. The monitoring results will provide data support for the operation safety of the assembled subway station.
A new driving strategy for Lower limb-assisted exoskeleton robot
Authors: Zhu Jin , Huang Qi , Li Xuan , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: September 2023

In this work, a control strategy is developed for a lower limb-assisted exoskeleton. To determine the current motion gait of the human body, the hip and knee joint angles, and plantar pressure values are sensed and analyzed, which are then used to actuate the exoskeleton to provide support for the hip and knee joints. The dual motion systems-the exoskeleton drive system and the human lower limb motion system-are established in this control approach. Without the need to first learn the user's gait, the assistance of the exoskeleton is provided by the motions of the human movement system and is sufficiently flexible to account for changes in step length and walking speed as the user moves through the gait cycle. Throughout this process, the exoskeleton system avoids providing power, providing the freedom to walk and stop in the course of our daily lives.
Real time dynamic inclination identification method based on extended Kalman filtering and vibration monitoring
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Dan Danhui
Published: September 2023

Structural vibration includes both translational and rotational degrees of freedom, but the latter are often ignored. The paper establishes a dynamic inclination measurement model based on the existing accelerometer, and constructs state and measurement equations that comprehensively represent translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Then, the extended Kalman filtering method is used to linearize and discretize the state equation and measurement equation, and the filtering process of dynamic Inclination Identification is derived. The feasibility of the method was verified through an example of a simply supported beam structure.
Effect of an inter-vehicle damper on the dynamics of a high-speed train
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Liu Shiping , Wu Dazhuo
Published: September 2023

It is meaningful to understand the effect of inter-vehicle damper and its parameters on high-speed train dynamics in the context of train inter-vehicle suspension design or optimization. In this study, Multi-body System (MBS) dynamics modelling of a high-speed CRH train with inter-vehicle damper is firstly carried out, in which a simplified-parametric model was proposed and validated to depict damping characteristics of the damper. Simulation results using the MBS model show that inter-vehicle damper devised in high-speed train can obviously reduce lateral vibrations at the connecting passage of adjacent compartments without increasing the wheelset lateral shift force and derailment coefficient, thus it can improve overal ride comfort of the CRH train. In addition, inter-vehicle damper can resist severe lateral shocks and guarantee safety when two high-speed trains pass each other. The developed MBS model of the CRH train is an accurate and useful platform, the obtained results in this study are also valuable in following vibration analysis and inter-vehicle suspension optimization of the CRH train.
Development and investigation of the vibration-driven in-pipe robot
Authors: Korendiy Vitaliy , Kachur Oleksandr , Predko Rostyslav , Kotsiumbas Oleh , Brytkovskyi Vasyl , Ostashuk Mykola
Published: September 2023

Vibratory machines are widely used for monitoring and cleaning various tubes, pipelines, intestines, vessels, etc. The problems of ensuring the prescribed dynamic characteristics of such equipment and simultaneous optimizing the power consumption are currently being solved by numerous researchers. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the locomotion characteristics of the novel vibration-driven design of the pipeline inspecting and cleaning robot actuated by an electromagnetic exciter and equipped with the size-adapting and self-locking mechanisms. The research methodology consists of four main stages: an overview of the enhanced robot design; constructing its dynamic diagram and deriving the differential equations of motion; performing the numerical modeling with the help of the Mathematica software and studying the robot’s kinematic characteristics; conducting virtual experiments by computer simulation of the robot motion in the SolidWorks software. The research results present the time dependencies of the robot’s displacement, speed, and acceleration at different working regimes (excitation forces, disturbing frequencies, etc.). The novelty of the performed investigations consists in substantiating the efficient locomotion conditions of the enhanced vibration-driven in-pipe robot. Further investigations can be focused on developing the full-scale laboratory prototype of the robot and conducting experimental studies. The obtained research results can be interesting for engineers and scientists who deal with similar vibration-driven pipeline robots.
Hydraulic interconnected suspension for rail vehicles: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Isacchi Gioele , Nayir Fazil Enes , Corsi Matteo , Ripamonti Francesco
Published: September 2023

This paper aims at analyzing a preliminary layout for a Hydraulic Interconnected Suspension (HIS) for rail vehicles. The device is intended to replace the primary vertical dampers and its design aims at decoupling the heave and roll responses. HIS solution provides additional tuning possibilities to optimize and refine the primary suspension stage of rail vehicles. A physical numerical model is developed, and the influence of three design parameters on the forces generated by the HIS is studied.
Ride comfort assessment of high-speed rail vehicles: influence of yaw dampers installation angle
Authors: Isacchi Gioele , Corsi Matteo , Ripamonti Francesco
Published: September 2023

High-speed rail vehicles are equipped with yaw dampers to avoid the arising of hunting motion when running at high-speed. Although these suspension components provide a stabilizing effect on the vehicles, they also influence the ride comfort performances by affecting the accelerations perceived by the passengers. In this context, this paper aims to correlate the installation angle on the vertical plane of such suspension components on the ride comfort performances of a generic high-speed train. The proposed methodology is based on multibody simulations of a model with deformable car body. The modal behavior of the model is aligned to the typical mode shapes and natural frequencies reported in literature.