bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polyhalite on growth, yield attributes and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Karthikeyan P. K. , Ranjani R. , Gokul D. , Reddy K. Swetha , Bhuvaneswari R , Muraleedharan Ajish
Published: March 2023

Potassium is involved in a diverse range of processes within plants that are needed for their growth, yield and better quality. The polyhalite as a hydrated evaporate mineral that can be used directly as a source of potassic fertilizer. However, research on polyhalite's appropriateness and effectiveness, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of polyhalite on growth, yield attributes, and yield of blackgram variety ADT 5 at Chinnakandiankuppam village, Vriddhachalam, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, during 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of ten treatments viz., T1 (absolute control), T2 (-K), T3 (12.5 kg K2O ha-1 as muriate of potash (MOP)), T4 (25 kg K2O ha-1as MOP), T5 (37.5 kg K2O ha-1 as MOP), T6 (50 kg K2O ha-1 as MOP), T7 (12.5 kg K2O ha-1 as polyhalite),  T8 (25 kg K2O ha-1 as polyhalite), T9 (37.5 kg K2O ha-1 as polyhalite), T10 (50 kg K2O ha-1 as polyhalite). The experiment revealed that the application of 37.5 kg K2O ha-1 as polyhalite (T9) significantly (5%) enhanced the growth attributes (plant height (38.7 cm), number of branches plant-1 (12.97), leaf area index (2.13), number of nodules plant-1 (18.76) and dry matter production (1972 hg ha-1), yield attributes (pod length (8.21 cm), number of pods plant-1 (20.05), number of seeds pod-1 (7.14) and test weight (3.53 g)) and grain yield (1439 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1876 kg ha-1) of blackgram. Thus the study would be helpful to farmers for yield maximization of blackgram through polyhalite as potassic fertilizer.
Evaluation of macro, micro, and toxic minerals in Dates fodder in Basra, Southern Iraq‏
Authors: Kadhim Kadhim Fadhil , Haseeb Mubeen , Alrubayae Inaam M.N.
Published: March 2023

Mineral concentrations in plants are affected by a number of factors, which in turn affect the amounts available directly or indirectly to animals, so the concentration of some nutrients may be insufficient for the needs of animals. The article aimed to evaluate a wide variety of chemical elements in date fodder often used to feed cows, buffaloes, and sheep in Basra Governorate, Southern Iraq. In addition, it establishes the acceptability of chemical element concentrations in the dates, which included macro-minerals, micro-elements, and hazardous metals. The feed was prepared to be digested and then all minerals were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipment to determine the amounts of macro-minerals, micro-elements, and hazardous elements in the feed. Where macro-minerals included (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur) and micro-elements included (iron, copper, nickel, selenium, chromium, tin, silicon, vanadium, and molybdenum, while toxic elements included (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, uranium, and lead). Most major and minor elements had low values compared to the critical level determined for their presence in fodders, as all elements did not reach the maximum tolerable(4.5% of macro-minerals and 40 ppm of micro-elements) and much less than the minimum limit(<0.06 of macro-minerals and <0.20ppm of micro-elements), whereas the toxic elements in the chosen dates fodder had low and acceptable concentrations compared to the risk index for their presence in fodder(100 mg Kg-1). The current study helps farmers in Basra Governorate in their understanding of the mineral nutritional needs of cattle while relying significantly on this type of fodder.
Spatial-temporal assessment of Norovirus contamination in mussels from Cherrat estuary, Morocco, by real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Bazir Hanaâ , Hassou Najwa , El Mellouli Fatiha , Zekhnini Hasnae , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha
Published: March 2023

Mussels filter large amounts of water to extract nutrients; therefore, they can concentrate and accumulate in their tissues infectious agents, and vectors of enteric diseases. The aim of this study was to assess mussel contamination by Norovirus genogroups I and II  in the Cherrat estuary to determine the public health risk linked to their consumption. Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected (n=52 samples; 12 mussels/sample) at four sites (S1 and S2 located on the right rocky bank / S3 and S4, located on the rocky left bank) in the Cherrat estuary (Casa-Settat region), Morocco, during 13 months, from March 2019 to March 2020. Norovirus was detected and quantified by real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Norovirus genogroups I and II were detected in 17.30% and 94.23% of mussel samples, respectively. Contamination by Norovirus (genogroups I and II) was not correlated with seasonal factors (month and rainfall), and Norovirus prevalence was comparable among the four sampling sites. Consumption of raw or undercooked mussels contaminated with Norovirus can cause gastroenteritis, which represents a potential risk to human health. The present study would be helpful to control and manage the potential risk to the public health of the Moroccan population due to the degradation of water quality continuously impacted by runoff, the urban wastewater treatment system malfunctions, and overflows from nearby sewage systems.
Temporal expression of thyroid hormone regulating genes (tsh-b, tsh-r, dio2 and dio3) and their correlation with annual reproductive cycle of the Indian freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
Authors: Pant Dinesh Raj , Ila Kumari , Sahu Uma Bharati , Sehgal Neeta
Published: March 2023

Photoperiod and temperature are well-established environmental cues for gonadal growth in seasonally reproducing organisms. The photoperiod is known to regulate seasonal reproduction via induction of thyroid hormone regulating genes in the saccus vasculosus (SV) of fishes. However, SV is absent in many seasonally breeding fishes, including Heteropneustes fossilis. H. fossilis is a long-day breeding catfish in which gonadal recrudescence begins six months earlier than spawning. The present study attempted to analyse the expression of thyroid hormone-regulating genes (tsh-b, tsh-r, dio2 and dio3) in the brain, liver and ovary. In the brain, upregulated expression of thyrotropin-beta subunit (tsh-b), deiodinase2 (dio2) and deiodinase3 (dio3) genes is concomitant with the increasing photoperiod and temperature in nature, which may appear to regulate seasonal reproduction. Both deiodinases, dio2 and dio3, were also upregulated in the liver and ovarian tissue during the gonadal growth phase. The upregulation of deiodinases may enhance the metabolism and activity of tissues, thereby facilitating their respective roles. The expression of these genes was also assessed in the brain, liver, ovary, kidney, skin, spleen and gill tissues during the spawning period. The ubiquitous expression of deiodinases may point to enhanced activity in their organ-specific role. The present study speculates that expression of tsh-b, tsh-r, dio2 and dio3 genes during the reproductive phase of H. fossilis might be involved in the regulation of seasonal reproduction.
Impact of rhizobium inoculation and boron application on morphological alterations and biochemical triggers in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Khiangte Zorinawmi , Kalangutkar Akshaya , Sinam Vika , Siddique Anaytullah
Published: March 2023

Rhizobium is a bacterial culture that enhances the speed of biological nitrogen fixation in association with root nodules in pulse crops while boron act as a catalyst for cell division hence the size of nodules and sugar translocation in the plant. An experiment was conducted by considering rhizobium as a seed inoculant and boron as a soil applicant in two peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties Arkel and Azad Pea-3 to know the morphological alterations in plant height (cm), fresh and dry weight g plant-1), number of leaves (plant-1), and days required for the first flowering and picking. However, the biochemical triggers were also observed for soil plant analysis development reading (SPAD), total chlorophyll (mg g-1) and derivative (chlorophyll a and b), protein (mg g-1), and proline content (µg g-1) in both varieties of pea (Arkel and Azad Pea-3). The performance of V2 was superior to V1 for most of the morphological and biochemical parameters. The combination of rhizobium + 2.0 kg boron ha-1 (T5) was observed as the best treatment compared to the rest of the treatments in V1, while the rhizobium + 1.5 kg boron ha-1 (T4) in V2. Among the treatment combinations, T5 and T4 were recorded as minimum days for the first flowering (39.3 and 43.0), while the maximum days for the first picking (75 and 84) in V1 and V2. The highest SPAD reading, total chlorophyll, and protein were also noticed in T5 and T4, while chlorophyll a was recorded at maximum value in T4 for both varieties. However, the value of chlorophyll b was recorded as maximum in T4 and T3 at 50 DAS, while T5 and T4 were at 75 DAS. A trigger of proline content was also noticed in T5 and T4 of both varieties compared to the control set. The positive alteration in morphology and biochemical changes in pea plants due to the application of rhizobium in combination with boron interlink well for the betterment of yield via increasing the rate of photosynthesis.
Factors affecting the ecological habitat of Benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages in Asan wetland, Dehradun in Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Malik D. S. , Chauhan Ruchika , Rathi Prachi
Published: March 2023

The Himalayan region has several freshwater resources, such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands. These freshwater resources have been adversely affected by environmental factors. Freshwater biological systems are defenseless against outcomes of environmental changes that might prompt the irreversible disintegration of these natural surroundings. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the Benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages of the Asan wetland, Dehradun in Garhwal Himalaya. A determination of the physico-chemical health status of the Asan wetland viz., electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nutrients parameters like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus were investigated during this study. Three sampling sites (Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3) of wetland were selected and the water samples were collected seasonally, i.e., summer, winter, and monsoon from April 2021-March 2022. Maximum values of EC(163.75 µS/cm), TDS (232.78 (mg/l),  alkalinity (141.20 mg/l)  and pH(7.8)  were recorded in the monsoon season (June-September) and minimum values of EC( 135.80µS/cm), TDS (196.80 (mg/l),  alkalinity (119.80mg/l)  and pH(7.2) were recorded in the winter season (November–February). An overall total of 18 macrobenthos genera belonging to four classes was identified. Maximum communities of macrobenthos were observed during the winter and minimum communities during the monsoon season. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine whether microbenthic genera and habitat ecological parameters and showed a positive or negative correlation. Thus, the present study contributed to the status of various factors and their impacts on the Benthic macro-invertebrate structure of the Asan wetland.
Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nagaraj S. , Pandian P. Saravana , Mary P. Christy Nirmala , Geetha R. , Gurusamy A.
Published: March 2023

The production of crops in saline and alkali-degraded areas is difficult due to the heterogeneous and spatial variation of soil fertility.  First, their spatial variability was analyzed and maps of the spatial distribution were created using Geostatistical techniques.  The fuzzy k-mean clustering analysis was then used to define Management zones in the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu.  One hundred and fifty geo-referenced soil samples  (30 cm depth) were taken and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saturated paste extract (USSL method), organic carbon (OC) (Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (Rapid titration method) and available phosphorus and extractable micronutrients (Multinutrients extraction method), revealing significant variation in soil characteristics throughout the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district.  The most significant factors, which together accounted for four principal components and 69% of the overall variability, were pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium Carbonate and available zinc.  According to Geostatistical analysis, the Exponential (pH, OC (organic carbon), P, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Stable (ECe) was the best fit semivariogram ordinary kriging model with weak to moderate spatial dependence.  Fuzzy k-mean clustering was also used to identify zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3.  For every soil property, there was a significant difference between MZ1(zone 1), MZ2(zone 2) and MZ3(zone 3).  These results also showed that cluster analysis gave farmers a chance to use location-specific nutrient management strategies by minimizing variability within the zone. The management zones can decrease agricultural inputs and environmental pollutants while increasing crop productivity.
Influence of land preparation on weed dynamics and growth of traditional rice landraces in the diverged location of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Yoganandham N , Lokanadhan Subbalakshmi , Lourduraj A Christopher , Thavaprakaash N , Ramalakshmi A
Published: March 2023

In recent years, traditional landraces are gaining importance due to its many health benefits. But the main drawback of the traditional rice variety is low productivity with increased water consumption. Therefore different rice establishment methods are to be evaluated. But weed infestation occurs in every establishment method. Hence the present study aimed to study the weed dynamics by evaluating the water-saving technologies compared with puddled transplanting using various landraces. The first field experiment was conducted during Samba (Aug-Sept) 2021 in the wetlands of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The second field experiment was at the Research Station, Melalathur in Tamil Nadu during Navara (Nov-Jan) season 2021. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising four establishment methods as main plots viz. Aerobic rice (M1), Puddled transplanting (M2), Unpuddled transplanting (M3), Direct seeded rice (M4) with traditional landraces viz. Karuppu kavuni (V1), Mapillai samba (V2) and Seeraga samba (V3) in sub plots. In this study, weed dynamics like weed density and weed dry weight were recorded along with plant height, leaf area index and total chlorophyll content. Weed density and weed dry weight was 87.82 % and 74.63 % higher in aerobic rice cultivation than puddled transplanting method during all the observations in both experiments. On comparing the land establishment methods, Direct seeded rice performed well with 40.61% of higher plant height, 89.38 % of higher LAI, 38.48 % of increased total chlorophyll content than Aerobic rice cultivation. The landrace mapillai samba showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher plant height of 64.09±7.14 cm, Leaf area index of 2.05±0.992 and total chlorophyll content of 2.56±0.461 mg/g of fresh leaf. Hence this study provides evidence that in the initial stage of rice cultivation, direct seeded rice and the mapillai samba landrace performed well than the other establishment methods and the other two landraces.
Screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) genotypes by inducing systemic resistance against early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani
Authors: B Rex , B Gopu , N Vinothini , S Prabhu
Published: March 2023

Early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) incited by Alternaria solani is highly destructive disease in the world. Environmental factors significantly impact early blight epidemics, leading to the loss of up to 78 per cent of tomato production. Twenty tomato genotypes were used in this study to identify the early blight resistant and susceptible genotypes selected to represent a range of reactions when screened under field conditions. The tomato plants were evaluated for early blight disease by using Per cent Disease Index (PDI). Pusa Uphar (20.18%) and Sankaranti (20.18%) showed resistance to early blight disease among the twenty genotypes. Anaka Kerala (61.25%), Arka Vikas (61.76%), Pusa Rohini (53.65%), Ashoka (50.60%) and Paiyur1 (56.08%) genotypes were found highly susceptible based on early blight disease intensity. Spore inoculation of A. solani was sprayed into tomato plants, it was discovered that the number of defense-inducing compounds viz., total phenols, peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) has increased. Among the genotypes, Pusa Uphar (T2) and Sankaranti (T1) genotypes showed a high level of defense enzyme production. After tomato plants were exposed to pathogens through artificial inoculation, the activity of these defensive enzymes and compounds was highly induced in the resistant and sensitive germplasm than in the control.
Physicochemical evaluation of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions through correlation and regression
Authors: Sajiv G. , Muruganandam C. , Rameshkumar S.
Published: March 2023

It is important to look at the physicochemical qualities of Portulaca, a weed species used as a vegetable and a herb for medical and therapeutic purposes. India has a wide range of variations in this species' morphology and nutraceutical value. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of various purslane accessions from different regions of Tamil Nadu. A total of 15 purslane accessions (PA 1, PA 2, PA 3, PA 4, PA 5, PA 6, PA 7, PA 8, PA 9, PA 10, PA 11, PA 12, PA 13, PA 14 and PA 15) were collected and evaluated. Physical traits like colour of the leaves and stems were quantified as hue angle and chroma value, which showed a degree of variation. Estimates suggested that phytochemical properties related the hue and chroma of leaf and stem to the pigments in plants. Among the accessions, PA 3 has recorded the highest phytochemical properties viz., leaf total chlorophyll content 1.43±0.16 mg g-1, leaf total carotenoid content 0.24±0.03 mg g-1, stem total chlorophyll content 0.49±0.05 mg g-1, stem total carotenoid content 0.12±0.01 mg g-1 and total anthocyanin content 19.25±1.54 µg g-1. The multiple regression model suggested that the values can predict the estimated values. The evaluation of physicochemical properties along with the regression model helps in the breeding programme to select the traits; phytochemical analysis proved the ample supply of chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins, so these wild species could be a cheap source to alleviate several diseases.
Study of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the bioactive compound of Bacillus megaterium L2 strains isolated from the oral cavity of hospital workers and visitors at Dental Health Centre, Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Yazi Abdullah Jassim  , Al-Yassiry Zahraa A.N. , Awadh Eman Fadhel Abbas
Published: March 2023

Because of the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, there is an urgent necessity to search for new antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp., which are characterized by their capability to produce secondary metabolites with high efficacy against numerous types of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 40 Bacillus isolates were isolated from the mouths of 150 volunteers from the Dental Health Center in Babylon and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical and physiological reaction tests with a colorimetric reagent card using the VITEK2 analyzer. The active compounds were extracted from Bacillus megaterium L2 and their antibacterial activity was tested against a group of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was estimated, whereas 16 isolates showed high effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria, with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8-22 mm and the MIC ranging from 0.25–6.25 mg/ml. The active compounds were extracted, purified, and detected by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The  cytotoxic activity of the extracts was studied using the MCF7 cell line. This showed that cytotoxicity effects on valid object count, nuclear morphology, and total nuclear intensity ranged from 17.245-441.24 and the cytotoxic effect on cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C ranged from 49.04-601.79 Among the isolates, Bacillus megaterium L2(B9) was the best isolated strain of bacteria that was the most effective against anti-pathogenic bacterial strains- Gram positive (Staphylococcus pyogenes NCTC 8198 and St. aureus ATCC 29213) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa RW109, Escherichia  coli O157, and Salmonella typhi Ty2) and was non-toxic to human cells (MCF7).
SK Rektor No. 1059A Tahun 2014
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Penghargaan terhadap kinerja dosen sangat diperlukan, sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan pelayanannya.
SK Rektor No. 1057A Tahun 2014
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Penghargaan terhadap kinerja dosen sangat diperlukan, sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan pelayanannya.
Literature around The Matrix (Supplement II:4)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2023

(Supplement to the history of computer science and technology)
Investigating the Visual Utility of Differentially Private Scatterplots
Authors: Panavas Liudas , Crnovrsanin Tarik , Ullman Jonathan , Adams Jane L. , Sarvghad Ali , Tory Melanie , Dunne Cody
Published: March 2023

Increasingly, visualization practitioners are working with, using, and studying private and sensitive data. There can be many stakeholders interested in the resulting analyses—but widespread sharing of the data can cause harm to individuals, companies, and organizations. Practitioners are increasingly turning to differential privacy to enable public sharing of data with a guaranteed amount of privacy. Differential privacy algorithms do this by aggregating data statistics with noise, and this now-private data can be released visually with differentially private scatterplots. While the private visual output is affected by the algorithm choice, privacy level, bin number, data distribution, and user task, there is little guidance on how to choose and balance the effect of these parameters. To address this gap, we had experts examine 1,200 differentially private scatterplots created with a variety of parameter choices and tested their ability to see aggregate patterns in the private output (i.e. the visual utility of the chart). We synthesized these results to provide easy-to-use guidance for visualization practitioners releasing private data through scatterplots. Our findings also provide a ground truth for visual utility, which we use to benchmark automated utility metrics from a variety of fields. We demonstrate how multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM), the metric most strongly correlated with our study’s utility results, can be used to optimize parameter selection. A free copy of this paper along with all supplemental materials is available at https://osf.io/wej4s/.
"The Possible Restraint Imposed on the Activities of the International Criminal Court by Article 98 Agreements, Extradition Treaties, and Status of Forces Agreements (SOFAs): An Analysis of their Consistency with the Rome Statute and the Related Issues of the Law of Treaties (II)," Journal of International Relations and Comparative Culture, Vol. 21, No. 2 (March 2023), pp. 25-37.
Authors: Kitano Yoshiaki
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to explore if and when Article 98 Agreements restrain the ICC’s activities by fully analysing their consistency with the Rome Statute and the related issues of the law of treaties. Moreover, the findings of this analysis can apply, mutatis mutandis, to extradition treaties and status of forces agreements (SOFAs), which were explicitly mentioned in the drafting process of Article 98, paragraph 2, of the Statute. In light of the fact that extradition treaties and SOFAs are quite common, it can be said that this paragraph could have a significant impact on the ICC’s future activities. The table of contents included in this part 2 is as follows: Chapter 2 General Description of Article 98, Paragraph 2, of the Statute and Article 98 Agreements (Continued) (Section 2 Article 98 Agreements (1. Provisions and Parties / 2. EU Guiding Principles) / Section 3 Two Types of Possible Restraints) / Chapter 3 Analysis of Article 98 Agreements’ Consistency with the Statute and the Related Issues of the Law of Treaties (Section 1 Validity of Article 98 Agreements).
Radiation Therapy for Cancer: Types, Side Effects, and Risks
Authors: Iqbal Javaid
Published: March 2023

Radiation therapy is a common treatment option for many types of cancer. It uses high-energyradiation to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors. Radiation therapy can be used alone or incombination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery. In this article, we willdiscuss the types of radiation therapy, side effects, and risks associated with this treatment. Typesof Radiation Therapy: There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiationtherapy and internal radiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy: This is the most commontype of radiation therapy
Immunotherapy for Cancer: Harnessing the Power of the Immune System
Authors: Bashir Danish
Published: March 2023

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that works by harnessing the power of the immunesystem to recognize and attack cancer cells. Unlike traditional cancer treatments likechemotherapy and radiation therapy, which directly target cancer cells, immunotherapy aims toboost the body's natural defenses against cancer. The immune system is a complex network ofcells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body against harmful invaders likeviruses, bacteria, and cancer cells. Normally, the immune system is able to recognize and destroycancer cells as they develop, but sometimes cancer cells can evade detection and continue togrow and spread. Immunotherapy works by stimulating the immune system to recognize andattack cancer cells more effectively.
Bayesian estimation of nonlinear centroid moment tensors using multiple seismic data sets
Authors: Hamidbeygi Mahdi , Vasyura-Bathke Hannes , Dettmer Jan , Eaton David , Dosso Stan
Published: March 2023

Centroid moment tensor (CMT) parameters of earthquakes are routinely estimated to gain information on structures and regional tectonics. However, for small earthquakes (M<4), it is still challenging to determine CMTs due to the lack of high-quality waveform data. In this study, we propose to improve solutions for small earthquakes by incorporating multiple seismic data types in Bayesian joint inversion: polarities picked on broadband signals, amplitude spectra for intermediate frequency bands (0.2--2.0 Hz), and waveforms at low frequencies (0.05--0.2 Hz). Both measurement and theory errors are accounted for by iterative estimation of non-Toeplitz covariance matrices, providing objective weightings for the different data types in the joint parameter estimation. Validity and applicability of the method are demonstrated using simulated and field data. Results demonstrate that combinations of data, such as a single high-quality waveform, a few amplitude spectra, and many waveform polarities, are able to resolve CMT parameters to comparable quality as if many high-quality waveforms were available.Results of 10 induced seismic events that occurred in northeastern British Columbia, Canada, between January 2020 and February 2022 indicate predominantly strike-slip focal mechanisms with low non-double-couple components. These events appear to be located at shallow depths with short time duration, as expected for induced seismicity. These results are consistent with previous studies, indicating that this method reduces the dependence of source inversion on high-quality waveforms, and can provide resolution of CMT parameters for earthquakes as small as Ml 1.6.
Brief exposure increases mind perception to ChatGPT and is moderated by the individual propensity to anthropomorphize
Authors: Jacobs Oliver , Pazhoohi Farid , Kingstone Alan
Published: March 2023

The rapid proliferation of advanced AI chatbots and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have coincided with increased calls to use psychological tools to understand how people perceive interactions with these AI systems. Decades of research into how people perceive minds and anthropomorphize non-humans have led to the development of several prominent frameworks for investigating how people perceive minds in AI systems. Yet, due to the novelty of programs like ChatGPT, mind perception frameworks have not been applied to better understand how exposure to ChatGPT influences the perception of mind in AI. Furthermore, there is an absence of knowledge regarding how individual differences may moderate changes in mind perception as a function of exposure. Here, we reveal the results of a brief exposure manipulation to ChatGPT and its subsequent effect on changing mind perception ratings. We find that even brief exposure significantly increased people’s perceptions of agency and experience in ChatGPT. Moreover, individuals with a higher propensity to anthropomorphize were also more likely to show changes to experiential attributions to ChatGPT (i.e., its ability to feel). These findings suggest that as LLMs like ChatGPT grow in popularity, and people are exposed to them to a greater extent, the degree to which people attribute qualities of mind to AI systems will also increase. This study expands the field’s current understanding of how exposure to LLMs and individual differences may influence attribution of mind to AI.
It’s What I Think You Do That Matters: Comparing Self, Partner, and Shared Perspectives of What a Romantic Partner Does to Regulate Your Emotions
Authors: Walker Sarah A , Pinkus Rebecca , Double Kit S , Xiao Hester , MacCann Carolyn
Published: March 2023

Romantic partners routinely regulate each other’s emotions; this phenomenon is known as extrinsic emotion regulation. Previous research investigating emotion regulation in couples has typically examined self-report of emotion regulation from only one member of the couple. It is therefore unclear how much romantic partners agree on which emotion regulation strategies their partner uses and whether this agreement or the unique perspective of each person is the stronger predictor of relationship quality. In the current study (N=395 romantic couples), we applied a bifactor model to assess the extent to which extrinsic emotion regulation processes (expressive suppression, downward social comparison, humor, distraction, direct action, reappraisal, receptive listening, and valuing) related to relationship quality, comparing: a) the unique perspective of the regulator, b) the unique perspective of the target, and c) the shared perspective (consensus) between the target and regulator. The results indicated that it is the target’s, rather than the regulator’s perspective of emotion regulation that predicts the relationship quality of both members of the romantic couple. Overall, these findings suggest that it is not what the regulator thinks they do to regulate their romantic partner’s emotions that relates to relationship quality, but rather the target’s perceptions of the regulation attempt.
PENTINGNYA INOVASI DALAM PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Azizah Nur
Published: March 2023

Inovasi pendidikan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan mutu dan pentingnya pendidikan di Indonesia. Dengan perkembangan teknologi dan tuntutan global yang semakin kompleks, pendidikan harus terus berkembang dan berkreasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan pasar tenaga kerja. Salah satu bentuk inovasi dalam pendidikan adalah pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran. Dengan menggunakan teknologi,pembelajaran dapat lebih interaktif, efisien dan efektif. Selain itu, inovasi juga dapat diperkenalkan dalam kurikulum dan metode pengajaran agar lebih dapat beradaptasi dan merespon kebutuhan dan perkembangan zamannya.
Pedagogical Use of 21st Century Skills in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Bed Prasad
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a survey study on university faculties in Nepal about the understanding and pedagogical use of 21st century skills. The purpose of the study on use of 21st century skills in pedagogy by teachers is to understand how these skills can be effectively integrated into teaching and learning practices. This research helps to identify the existing practices for incorporating 21st century skills into instruction and can inform for the betterment in the development of teacher training and professional development programs to ensure that teachers are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to effectively prepare students for success in the 21st century world.  Both quantitative and qualitative information are used to investigate how Nepalese university teachers apply 21st century skills into their teaching to support students learning. The data were collected through online survey questionnaire among 309 participants followed by semi-structured interview with 14 participants. Based on the data analysis, it was found that higher education institution teachers in Nepal are using moderately using 21st century skills in pedagogical activities. Supporting with necessary digital tools and applications; institutional policy and guidelines; and continuous professional development programme can further enhance teachers 21st century skills use in pedagogical activities.
Knowledge and Use of Family Planning Services in Pakhribash Municipality
Authors: Pradhan Niraj
Published: March 2023

The main objective of the study was to assess the awareness of family planning services among currently married women of age group 15-49 years and to identify the socio-economic and demographic determinants of use of family planning in Pakhribash Municipality. The study was based on descriptive design in nature using both primary and secondary sources of data; for the convenient of the study, the simple random sampling method was used to collect data likewise; the sample size of this study was 135 numbers of women of reproductive age group who married. The interview schedule was the main tool for collecting the data. In this study all, most all women 96.3% heard about family planning similarly, 90% of women had heard about Depo- Provera. In the same way, 73.1% married women who had ever used a family planning method in the life time but 62.3% women were currently using a family planning method at the time of survey.
Women Empowerment: A Grossly Misunderstood Social Priority
Authors: Joshi Yashoda Kumari Bhatta
Published: March 2023

The globalized world with historically diverse inheritance has carried with it ‘not so good’ side of gender discrimination. Women continue to be ‘unequal half’ of men due to the psychological barrier of patriarchally-structured society that has covertly institutionalized male supremacy and male hegemony. Through the journey of women empowerment, the world has been struggling to offer a gender-free life. This article attempts to analyze the status of women empowerment and highlights the related issues and challenges. This study is a content analysis of literature from secondary source. It reveals that women are relatively disempowered and continue to hold the ‘subordinated statuses compared to men in spite of loud propaganda of the efforts undertaken to achieve gender equality in real life. The article suggests holistic ways to rethink context-driven women empowerment and concludes that changes in social norms and beliefs, access to life-skill education, and equal participation in decision making are the major enabling factors for this.
गणेशमान सिंह बहुमुखी क्याम्पस : नेतृत्व विकासका पाइलाहरु {Ganeshman Singh Versatile Campus: Steps to Leadership Development}
Authors: काफ्ले Kafle ईश्वरी प्रसाद Ishwari Prasad
Published: March 2023

गणेशमान सिंह बहुमुखी क्याम्पसबाट शिक्षा र नेत्तृत्व विकासका क्षेत्रमा महत्वपूर्ण कार्य आरम्भ भएका छन् । यस लेखलाई तयार गर्ने क्रममा विभिन्न पुस्तक, अन्तरराष्ट्रिय स्तरमा प्रकाशित लेख रचना तथा समसामहिक विषयमा पुनरावलोकन गरी गणेशमान सिंह बहुमुखी क्याम्पसबाट शिक्षा र नेत्तृत्व विकासमा भएका योगदानको विश्लेषण सहित प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सामाजिक सुधारका लागि शिक्षा अपरिहार्य शर्त हो । गणेशमान सिंह बहुमुखी क्याम्पस समाज सुधारको नेत्तृत्वदायी भूमिकामा रहेको सामुदायिक क्याम्पस हो । समाज रुपान्तरणमा नेत्तृत्वको महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । नेत्तृत्व विकास विना समाजको रुपान्तरण असम्भव छ । यो जीवन विकासको शुक्ष्म तहबाट आरम्भ हुने र निरन्तरको प्रयासबाट निखारिने भएकाले यस लेखमा गणेशमान सिंह बहुमुखी क्याम्पसबाट नेत्तृत्व विकासकालागि गरेका आयामहरुको शुक्ष्म विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । जसको कारणबाट युवा विद्यार्थीहरुमा नेत्तृत्वदायी भूमिकाको अपेक्षा गर्न सकिन्छ । यस लेखमा नेत्तृत्वविकासका लागि ब्यक्ति स्वंयमको प्रयासमा जोड दिइएको छ । युवा विद्यार्थीहरु समाजको विकासका लागि उच्च मनोवल भएका जनशक्ति हुन् । उनीहरुलाई नेत्तृत्व निर्माण गर्ने अवसर प्रदान गर्न यो क्याम्पस दृढ छ भन्ने कोणबाट यो लेखलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
नयनराज पाण्डेको जियारामाथि नारीवादी चिन्तनः एक अध्ययन {Feminist Reflections on Nayanraj Pandey's Ziara: A Study}
Authors: न्यौपाने Nyaupane दीपा पोख्रेल Deepa Pokhrel
Published: March 2023

नयनराज पाण्डेको कथा जियाराले मधेसका महिला हिंसाको पर्दाफास गरेको छ । यसले पितृसत्तात्मक प्रणालीबाट पीडित मधेसी महिलाहरूको दुर्दशाको उजागर गर्नु का साथै कपटी विरुद्ध साहसपूर्वक लड्ने महिलाहरूलाई पनि चित्रण गर्दछ तसर्थ यो अध्ययनले पितृसत्तात्मक समाजमा मधेसी महिलाले भोग्नुपरेका समस्याहरूको खोजी गर्दै “जियारा” कथामा विशेष ध्यानकेन्द्रित गरेको छ । यसले मधेसी समुदायमा महिलामाथि हुने उत्पीडन, दुर्व्यवहार र हिंसाका कारणहरूलाई चित्रण गर्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले पितृसत्ता विरुद्ध प्रतिक्रिया दिन मधेसी महिलाहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने  तरिकाहरूको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । यी उद्देश्यहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्न, नारीवादी सिद्धान्त, मुख्यतया केट मिलेटले परिकल्पना गरेको कट्टरपन्थी नारीवादीको आलोचनात्मक अन्तर्दृष्टिलाई परीक्षण अन्तर्गत उक्त कथाको विश्लेषण गर्न सैद्धान्तिक मापदण्डहरूको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । पितृसत्तात्मक समाजले महिलामाथि दमन गर्न पनि पुरुषलाई स्वीकृति दिन्छ । केट मिलेटको सिद्धान्त अनु सार पुरुषहरूले पितृसत्ता सिर्जना गर्छन् र यसलाई कायम राख्छन् किनभने तिनीहरूसँग स्रोतहरू छन् । त्यस्तै, पितृसत्ताले महिलालाई दास बनाउन मद्दत गर्छ । तसर्थ, यौन शोषण र उत्पीडनको विरुद्ध लड्न महिलाहरूबाट पितृसत्तात्मक समाजले उनीहरूका लागि तोकेको अधीनस्थ स्थितिलाई अस्वीकार गर्न आवश्यक छ । यस अध्ययनको सान्दर्भिकता पाठकलाई जियारा सङ्ग्रह हेर्नको लागि फरक दृष्टिकोणमा योगदान दिनु हो किनभने यस कथानकमा पाण्डेले पुरुषको वर्चस्वलाई समर्थन गर्ने सामाजिक–सांस्कृतिक अभ्यासका कारण मधेसी महिलाले भोग्नुपरेको समस्यालाई प्रकाश पारेका छन् । ‘जियारा’ मा मुख्य महिला पात्रहरू पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक व्यवस्थाको सिकार भएका छन् ।
Impact of Inventory Management on Profitability of the Manufacturing Company: Empirical Evidence from Himalayan Distillery Limited
Authors: Vaidya Rashesh
Published: March 2023

Better inventory management is essential for preventing excess costs and waste of money for the distillery. The funds used in managing inventory could be used in branding and marketing the products. Hence, the paper tries to find an impact of inventory management on the profitability of one of the listed companies of Nepal, Himalayan Distillery Limited. A paper followed a correlation research design using secondary data for the sampled company. The paper found a high degree of positive correlation between closing stocks and raw materials and also closing stocks with packaging and other materials. A regression analysis reflected no significant relationship or statistical association between the inventory-related variables and the profitability of the sample company.
Perception and Satisfaction of Sociology Graduates
Authors: Basnet Trishana
Published: March 2023

The main aim of this paper is to identify perception and satisfaction of the sociology graduates of Prithvi Narayan Campus Pokhara, regarding their degree in sociology. It attempts to know the educational background of sociology graduates and reason behind selecting the degree as well. Academic happiness is seen to be one of the most crucial variables influencing students' academic success along with their willingness and drive to continue their education. This will ultimately have an impact on their future careers. The population in this study are the Sociology graduates of Masters Level of Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara who had submitted their thesis in year 2073 and 2074 B.S. after the separation of Sociology and Anthropology departments. Attempt was made to do census among 112 graduates but only 55 responses have been collected for the study. The study was completed through descriptive research design. The data collected were analyzed through presenting it into table and graphs. The sociology graduates perceive sociology degree as quite positive and responsible. The study reveals out that they are satisfied with sociological knowledge but majority shows dissatisfaction with the earning of sociology degree.
Association of physical activity and feeding preferences of children with their nutritional status: A school based crosssectional study
Authors: Pant Smriti , Vaidya Abhinav
Published: March 2023

Background: People who are obese have a higher risk of acquiring many severe diseases. Feeding preferences and physical activities are deemed to play an important role in obesity in children.
Objectives: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of over nutrition among primary level children in selected private schools of Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). It also assessed the impact of physical activity level and feeding preferences on their nutritional status.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done among 488 children and their parents, in six schools of KMC between May and August 2016. Children with written permission were included in the study, while absentees or hostel dwellers were excluded. Multistage cluster sampling was used for sampling. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited and informed consent was taken from all participants. The questionnaire contained questions regarding socio-demographic details, modified Child’s Feeding Questionnaire and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS v.20.
Results: The prevalence of overweight was 4.5% (22) and obesity was 2.5% (12). Similarly, 135 (27.7%) children had adequate physical activity per day. Those with adequate physical activity were 1.5 times more likely to be overweight. Parent’s perception of their child’s weight and their concern about their child being overweight were both predictors of the child’s actual weight.
Conclusion: Nutritional status of children was affected by feeding preferences of their parents, so they need to be educated about the importance of healthy eating and physical activities.
Role of anti-craving drugs baclofen and topiramate in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Kaul Vijay , Bahadur Rai Prithi
Published: March 2023

Background: Alcohol craving is psychological condition related to motivation. Craving is risk factor for relapse in alcohol dependence syndrome. No gold standard therapy is available; many therapeutic agents are under various evaluation stages.
Objectives: To evaluate role of anti-craving drugs baclofen and topiramate in maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence syndrome
Methods: From March to October 2018, an open-label interventional study with 70 sample size was conducted at Nobel Medical College, following ethical clearance. Age range for inclusion was 20-60, with no history of psychotropic use, whereas history of psychiatric illness and use of substance, excluding nicotine were excluded. After written informed consent patients were admitted for detoxification, and after detoxification, anti-craving therapy was started with topiramate and baclofen and asked for follow-up at two, four, and six weeks. Clinical withdrawal assessment scale was used for withdrawal symptoms and obsessive-compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) for progress in craving. Baclofen at 20 mgs/day, topiramate at 50 mgs/day, were prescribed and increased as required at follow-up.
Results: Maximum daily dose of baclofen was 24.29 ± 2.19 mg and topiramate 120 ± 33.21 mg. Baclofen group patients had significant improvement in second week (OCDS T score 16.41± 9.52) while topiramate group showed significant improvement (OCDS T score 17.70 ± 7.57) after four weeks. Major side effects were tremors 8.10% in topiramate group, headache was 5.40% in both groups.
Conclusion: Baclofen and topiramate were equally effective at six weeks for controlling cravings. Baclofen started to show significant improvements after two weeks of trial.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Vitamin C Content in Different Fruits and Vegetables Consumed in Tansen, Palpa
Authors: Khadka Devendra , Pathak Krishna
Published: March 2023

Vitamin C plays an important role in metabolism and is found in many fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables available in Tansen, Palpa, Nepal using the spectrophotometric method. In this method, ascorbic acid was oxidised to dehydroascorbic acidat 37°C with bromine water in a solution of acetic acid, which was coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). This solution produced a red-coloured complex with 85% H2SO4. The absorbance of that complex was determined at 530 nm. Fifteen samples of fruits and vegetables (lemon, grapes, orange, tomato, banana, pomegranate, sugarcane, carrot, apple, cucumber, potato, cauliflower, cabbage, sweetlime, and pomelo) were collected from the local market of Tansen to determine vitamin C content. Among fruits, vitamin C content was maximum in lemon (76.122 ppm) and minimum in cucumber (17.90 ppm), whereas, in vegetables, it was maximum in potato (26.107 ppm) and minimum in cabbage (13.106 ppm). The values of vitamin C content in different samples of fruits and vegetables were compared with the available literature values. This study has contributed to understanding the concentration of vitamin C in various fruits and vegetables.
Catch 22 of Common Man’s Masculinity in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman
Authors: Nepali Mukta Bahadur
Published: March 2023

Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” (1949) presents the working-class masculinity under threat. This paper has sought to argue that the threat is posed not only by the protagonist’s inability to assert his working-class masculine identity due to his (fear of) unemployment, but also by the instrumental use of reason by the employer and hegemonic masculinity. It has tried to unfold this threat in terms of R. Connell’s idea of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ and CALM report on crisis of modern masculinity published in 2014. The assumption is that Miller has depicted this threat by presenting the male protagonist in such an unfavorable situation that it relegates him to the vulnerable position of not being able to assert his masculine identity. It is also assumed that this threat is further validated by the presence of dominant masculinity. This research has sought to dramatize the playwright's consciousness of the masculinities in conflict and its outcome in America. This research is critically significant because reading this drama from the perspective of the crisis of subordinate or working-class masculinity is a far cry.