bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Mental Health Counselor in the Psychiatric Liaison Service of the General Hospital
Authors: Shochet Bernard R.
Published: May 2005

A substantial number of patients admitted to the medical and surgical services of the general hospital experience significant and obvious psychological difficulties associated with their acute illness. This is more likely to be recognized overtly on a medical than on a surgical service; on both, a significant number of patients need psychological services during their acute illness and convalescence.

The mental health counselor serves an important function on the medical and surgical units: screening new admissions and identifying those patients in need of psychosocial services, providing supportive psychotherapy to selected patients and consulting with the nursing staff and house staff concerning day to day management. By participating in walking rounds with the medical staff, the counselor is also able to facilitate the request and use of formal psychiatric consultative services.

As demonstrated through statistics and case reports, the mental health counselor, trained to operate in the general hospital setting, makes a valuable contribution in the care of medical and surgical patients in the general hospital.
Suicidal Behavior in African-American Slaves
Authors: Lester David
Published: May 2005

Reports of suicides by African-American slaves are reviewed, and rates calculated from the available data. Severe punishment appeared to be the most common precipitant for suicide, and explanations for the possible variations in suicide rates by status are proposed.
“Something in Motion and Something to Eat Attract the Crowd”: Cooking with Science at the 1893 World's Fair
Authors: Lippincott Gail
Published: May 2005

Studying past examples of successful technical communication may offer insight into strategies that worked with technologies and audiences in an earlier time. This article examines the texts documenting a controversy before and during the Chicago World's Fair of 1893. Ellen Swallow Richards, chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Bertha Honore Palmer, president of the Fair's Board of Lady Managers, had distinctly different visions of how cooking technology should be presented. Palmer invited Richards to create a Model Kitchen in the Woman's Building, but Richards wanted to avoid gendering the new knowledge of nutrition and she fought to control her exhibit. The multimedia Richards used in her resulting Rumford Kitchen exhibit reminds us that sometimes an entertaining but familiar atmosphere might be the best way to introduce threatening new knowledge and technology, particularly to our increasingly international and intergenerational audiences.
Teaching Pronunciation with a Visual Display Device: Amateur Radio Equipment in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Richmond Edmun B. , Wallace-Childers La Donna
Published: May 2005

The pedagogical issue under examination was the inability of foreign language students to produce acceptable approximations of sounds which do not appear in their native language. An attempt was made to develop a visual display device which would produce a phonemic standard representation of foreign speech sounds to which the language learner could match his productions. A system utilizing commercially-built amateur radio equipment was developed to produce such a standard.
Ultimate Coping Strategies: The Differences among Parents of Murdered or Abducted, Long-Term Missing Children
Authors: DeYoung Robert , Buzzi Barbara
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess, through naturalistic inquiry, the differences between and relationships among coping strategies of parents of murdered or abducted, long-term missing children, where the offender was non-familial. Multiple data sources were used to examine two areas: the perceptive differences of coping among parents of murdered children in contrast to parents of abducted, long-term missing children; and the ways in which coping strategies of parents of murdered children differ from the coping strategies of parents of abducted, long-term missing children. A single dominant theme emerged when analyzing the similarities and differences among the groups: the duration of expected coping was dependent upon the likelihood of the resolution of the ambiguity of the situation. The analysis identified that both groups suffered comparable bereavement manifestations and utilized similar coping strategies during times of ambiguous loss. The two groups mirrored each other emotionally until the time that parents of murdered children attained clarification of the ambiguous loss through outcome determination. At this point, parents of murdered children were then able to embark on the different emotional and physiological tracks toward the identifiable phases of resolution, which is grieving the loss of their child.
A Closer Examination of the Questionnaire about Dreams and its Relation to Creativity
Authors: Livingston Glenn , Levin Ross
Published: May 2005

The relationship between attitudes towards dreams and creativity, (ideational fluency) was investigated in ninety-six subjects utilizing Domino's Questionnaire About Dreams (QAD) and a modified Wallach-Kogan battery. Although item analyses failed to replicate earlier findings regarding the discriminative utility of the QAD with regards to creativity, a subsequent factor analysis revealed two dominant factors accounting for 52 percent of the variance. These factors correspond roughly to educated versus mystical beliefs regarding dream origin. Mystical dream origin correlated negatively with one measure of ideational fluency. Results are discussed with regard to the future utility of the QAD in identifying creative individuals, and in clarifying the relationship between dreams and both creativity and psychopathology.
On the Psychometric Properties of Retrospective Dream Content Questionnaires
Authors: Bernstein Daniel M. , Belicki Kathryn
Published: May 2005

The present study examined the psychometric properties of retrospective questionnaires as measures of dream experience. One hundred and six university students filled out a dream content questionnaire and kept a fourteen-day dream diary on two separate occasions, in addition to completing two trait personality inventories and measures of spatial ability and imaginativeness. The dream content questionnaire's reliability was acceptable, as was its discriminant and construct validity. In contrast, dream diary content was inconsistent over time and unrelated to personality traits. The questionnaire's concurrent validity could not be adequately appraised due to this inconsistency in diary content. The results suggest that greater attention must be paid to the psychometric properties of all measures of dream content. In addition, prior problems with mapping the relationship between personality and dream content may be due to measurement issues.
A Case for Diagnosis in Technical Writing
Authors: Sullivan Patricia A. , Roberts David D.
Published: May 2005

Since technical writing is changing from a course for the scientific elite to one with a much broader base, the need to diagnose in technical writing classes is growing too. The right diagnostic tools can allow the instructor to set class goals more effectively, structure the course more efficiently, and discover and deal better with student expectations. The diagnostic we have designed, asking students to compose a memo which discusses their projected needs as aspiring technical writers, yields useful information about the stylistic strengths and weaknesses of the students. But more important, the diagnostic provides guidelines for choosing among the flexible units of study at the instructor's disposal, and also reveals student attitudes, preconceptions, and prejudices — data which aid the instructor in laying the proper groundwork in the early phases of the course.
The Attitudes of Men and Women concerning Gender Differences in Grief
Authors: Versalle Alexis , McDowell Eugene E.
Published: May 2005

Attitudes concerning gender and grief were investigated using a convenience sample of 106 men and women ages 23 to 82 years. Participants rated conjugal grief behaviors of target figures for sympathy and appropriateness on the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale, rated their own sex-role type on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and provided demographic information and a brief grief history. Results from factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale showed evidence for the construct validity of the scale by yielding three factors: sympathy, appropriateness of instrumental grief, and appropriateness of intuitive grief. The hypothesis that factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale would show that vignettes describing gender-stereotypical grief behavior would load positively on factors for sympathy and appropriateness was not confirmed. However, the hypothesis that female participants would give more sympathy to grieving people than males was confirmed. Contrary to expectation, participants did not give female target figures more sympathy than male figures; women did not give the most sympathy to female target figures; and men did not give male target figures the least sympathy. As hypothesized, feminine sex-typed and androgynous participants gave more sympathy to grieving people than masculine sex-typed participants. Findings were discussed in terms of evolutionary, developmental, and sex-role socialization theories.
Dietary Tryptophan Ratio and Suicide in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Authors: Kitahara Michio
Published: May 2005

It was hypothesized that when relative dietary intake of tryptophan per capita is low compared to certain other amino acids, less serotonin is formed in brain neurons, and suicide rates tend to be high. The hypothesis was supported for males and for both sexes combined.
Footprints of a Giant
Authors: Chander Jaysi
Published: May 2005

The chemical accident at the Union Carbide factory in Bhopal, India in 1984 has killed 16,000 people so far and tens of thousands of others are still seriously ill. A physician reviews some of their ailments and comments on the lack of medical services available to them and of knowledge about long-term health effects of the exposures. Documenting observed effects also is underway, aiming to define the symptoms, propose effective management, and help direct research efforts. Information may be provided to relief and rehabilitation efforts and may even be helpful in the ongoing criminal suit against Union Carbide. The Indian government, meanwhile, suspended its research efforts in 1994, even though many health effects may not develop for years.
Occupation-Related Differences in Levels of Death Anxiety
Authors: Lattanner Betsy , Hayslip Bert
Published: May 2005

In order to ascertain the validity of the sentence completion method in the measurement of death anxiety, ten randomly selected items from the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank, Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Collett-Lester Attitude toward Death Scale, and a metaphoric image task were administered to forty volunteers in death-related occupations (firemen, funeral personnel) and forty individuals in non-death related occupations (secretaries, accountants, teachers, etc.). While Templer DAS scores (measuring conscious death anxiety) did not differ across groups, a conscious concern for the deaths of others, and two of four dimensions of covert/subconscious death fear, differentiated those in death-related occupations and those with non-death-related jobs. Substantial between-group differences in relationships among measures of age and conscious, fantasy, and covert levels of awareness were consistent with the notion of an occupation X sex X levels of death anxiety interaction in the present study. Implications of these data for occupational choice and for the measurement of death anxiety are discussed.
Putting Trauma Care in Writing: Parallels between Doctors' and Nurses' Responsibilities and Textbook Presentations
Authors: Kesselring Linda J.
Published: May 2005

The roles of physicians and nurses working in trauma centers are mirrored in their writing. Physicians must focus intensely on patients' injuries if lives are to be saved. Their professional prose is correspondingly, and appropriately, focused, with attention given to injuries and their repair. The doctors' partners in the admitting area, trauma nurses, adopt a holistic view, caring for patients' physiologic and psychologic stability. Nurses tend to be more comprehensive in their writing, describing patients as individuals, the families involved, and the threatening and encouraging events that emerge during recovery. Although the distance and impersonal nature of medical writing, as a subset of technical writing, is criticized by technical writing scholars, published works by trauma surgeons may require exactly those characteristics. Perhaps a reflection of that disparity, medical publishers give mixed messages regarding style to physicians and nurses who choose to be authors.
An Investigation of the Effect of Learning Style on Student Success in an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Terrell Steven R. , Dringus Laurie
Published: May 2005

Ninety-eight information science students were tracked during an online masters degree program. At their initial orientation, each student completed a demographic data form and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory. Because of their major, it was hypothesized that students would fall into Kolb's Converger and Assimilator categories and these learning styles would be predictive of success in the program. Results indicated that 79.6 percent ( n = 78) of all students graduated from the program. Seventy-three students (74.5%) fell into the predicted categories and maintained an 83.6 percent ( n = 61) graduation rate. Students not falling into the predicted categories maintained a 68 percent ( n = 17) graduation rate. The implications are clear. First, the majority of students can succeed in an online learning environment regardless of their learning style. Care has to be taken, however, since a trend existed in this study for students with learning styles different from predicted to drop out in higher numbers. Institutions offering online programs should be aware of this and be prepared to address learning style issues.
Principles for Development of a 21st Century Distance Learning Program on the College and University Level
Authors: Springer Stephen , Pevoto Barbara
Published: May 2005

The Occupational Education program at Southwest Texas State University was established in 1973 to serve military personnel at four bases in San Antonio, Texas. During the 1980s, the program moved toward a broader clientele and has currently evolved into serving a 90 percent civilian population. In addition to shifts of population served, the program has evolved due to private college competition, employers' demands, and changes in the program focus. The program's success has rested on seven principles: 1) understand the organization's structure; 2) think “outside the box” as challenges occur; 3) select and motivate staff and faculty in change models; 4) examine underserved populations; 5) report program successes often; 6) provide alternative student support services, which complement distance learning; and 7) assure quality indicators as courses are designed. In retrospect, the principles of sound program development point toward faculty preparation and establishing obtainable goals related to distance education.
Persuasiveness and Audience Focus in a Nonacademic R&D Setting
Authors: Brown Vincent J.
Published: May 2005

Participants in a qualitative case study of nonacademic R&D authors were uncomfortable with the idea of persuasion in their writing. The participants thought their reports were more informative than persuasive. Three definitions for “persuasion” emerged: discourse intended to push a reader toward an action; discourse written in a clear, compelling style; and shady, manipulative discourse. When asked whether they owed a greater debt to their audience or to their subject matter, most participants chose subject matter. However, some participants argued that my question posed a false dichotomy, in that serving subject matter was the best way to serve audience.
Linking Trajectories of Illness and Dying
Authors: Olson Karin L. , Morse Janice M. , Smith Jane E. , Mayan Maria J. , Hammond David
Published: May 2005

Despite the large number of theories regarding illness and dying, there is an absence of theoretical work that follows the trajectory from the onset of illness to death. This qualitative study expanded the illness constellation model to include the experience of dying. Following unstructured interviews with 41 individuals (15 ill individuals receiving palliative care, 13 family members of individuals receiving palliative care, and 13 palliative care nurses), data were transcribed and analyzed using NUD*IST 4.0 and the constant comparative method. Until they begin to experience rapid physical deterioration, the response of individuals receiving palliative care to illness is remarkably similar to the experience of other ill individuals. As the ability to maintain self-integrity is lost, however, ill individuals enter a new phase (enduring to die), characterized by progressive withdrawal, not previously outlined in the illness constellation model.
Psychogeriatrics and General Practice in Australia
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Draper Brian M. , Lie David C.
Published: May 2005

We describe the interface between general practice and psychogeriatrics in Australia. While aged care services are complex and there are serious deficiencies in the management of the elderly, several initiatives appear set to improve the level of care. Economic considerations, mutual education of general practitioners and psychogeriatricians, and social factors are strong determinants of good primary care of the mental health needs of older people.
Clinical Differences between Subjects with Familial and Non-Familial Tourette's Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Párraga Humberto C. , Párraga Marianela I. , Spinner Laura R. , Kelly Desmond P. , Morgan Suzanne L.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

As many as 35 percent of Tourette's Syndrome patients do not acquire this disorder genetically. Since there has been little research conducted in this area, the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical differences between two groups of patients with Tourette's Syndrome (TS), one with family history of TS and one without.

Method:

Using data of eight previously diagnosed TS patients, the authors made comparisons of clinical and sociodemographic variables between a group of three patients with family history of TS and five with no family history.

Results:

There were no differences in clinical presentation, current age, age at diagnosis, gender, and socioeconomic status. There were differences in birth history, developmental milestones, I.Q., and neurological findings between patients with family history and no family history of TS.

Conclusions:

Our findings support the need for testing the hypothesis of a multidetermined origin of TS, a disorder in which hereditary, neuropsychological, and environmental factors play a role.
Genomics, Health, and Society
Authors: Chan Chee Khoon
Published: May 2005

On June 27, 2001, the World Health Organization conducted hearings in Geneva for a Special Report on Genomics & Health. Initially intended as a document to address the ethical, legal, and social implications of the gathering genomics resolution (ELSI), the terms of reference of the report were significantly modified to give primary emphasis to a scientific and technological assessment of the implications of genomics for human health. The Citizens' Health Initiative, one of two NGOs invited to make submissions at these consultations, suggested that no less important than the scientific and technical assessment was a perspective which gave due attention to the social context and political economy of scientific/technological development and its deployment. The article below touches upon neglected health priorities of poor countries, intellectual property rights and patents, risk management, insurance and discrimination, and predictive (prenatal) testing, reproductive choice, and eugenics.
Intravenous Biperiden in Akathisia: An Open Pilot Study
Authors: Hirose S. , Ashby C. R.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Antipsychotic-induced akathisia can be distressing and unendurable for prolonged periods. It has been shown that intramuscular biperiden is a relatively rapid and effective treatment for akathisia. However, the intravenous administration of biperiden may provide a more rapid effect, although this remains to be definitively proven.

Method:

The subjects obtained for this study met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The therapeutic effect of i.v. and i.m. biperiden was studied in an open clinical trial in twenty-three (12 male and 11 female) patients who developed antipsychotic-induced acute akathisia as defined by the research criteria of the DSM-IV. Following the development of akathisia, 5 mg of biperiden was intravenously injected in seventeen patients and intramuscularly in six patients. The therapeutic effect of biperiden on akathisia was clinically assessed by using the rating scale of Barnes.

Results:

Following i.v. administration on biperiden, the mean time to onset and maximum effect occurred 1.6 ( SD = 1.9) and 9.2 minutes ( SD = 6.0), respectively. Furthermore, at the time of maximal effect, akathisia was completely ameliorated in all patients. The side effects reported were mild and transient. Following i.m. administration, the mean time to onset and maximum effect were 30.5 ( SD = 5.9) and 50 minutes (SD = 7.4), respectively. Thus, the time to maximal effect was significantly less (40 minutes) after i.v. compared to i.m. administration.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that i.v. administration of 5 mg of biperiden could be used to provide a rapid and effective treatment for patients with severe akathisia.
Learning Systems Requirements
Authors: Katz Milton S.
Published: May 2005

Discussion of opportunities and requirements for graduates of advanced degree and certificate programs in applied learning systems within the United States Army's learning research and technology development programs.
Health Education in U.S. Medical Care Settings: History and Future Prospects
Authors: Mullen Patricia Dolan
Published: May 2005

This article traces the extraordinary transfer of control over an increasingly broadly defined sphere of living known as “health” to medical institutions and personnel in the U.S.A.—and examines the role of federal policy and secular trends in shaping the future of medical care. Changes in the prevalence and quality of health education in these settings are described in relationship to these organizational structures, and the “leading edges” of health education in medical care are identified.
Graduate Engineers Evaluate Their in-House Oral Presentation Course
Authors: Estrin Herman A.
Published: May 2005

Graduate engineers who took an eight-week course-Effective Oral Presentation of Scientific Information-evaluated their course according to the following aspects of the course: selection of students, size of the class, number of sessions, conferences, and their reactions to the presentations made on closed-circuit television.
The Depression in Primary Care Tool Kit
Authors: Brody David S. , Dietrich Allen J. , deGruy Frank , Kroenke Kurt
Published: May 2005

Objective:

A tool kit was developed to help primary care physicians overcome some of the barriers to recognition and management of depression.

Method:

Tools were collected from a variety of sources, categorized by function, and evaluated on the basis of previously established criteria, with the best tools selected for inclusion in the tool kit. New tools were developed when an adequate tool for a desired function was not available. The tool kit was reviewed and then revised based on the feedback from eleven experts on depression in primary care, five medical directors from health care systems or managed care companies, and eighteen primary care physicians. All eighteen primary care physicians completed a questionnaire after reviewing the tool kit as part of the evaluation process.

Results:

Only five of the eighteen physicians were using any kind of tool for depression prior to reviewing the tool kit. All eighteen physicians indicated that they were likely to use one or more of the components of the tool kit. On average, physicians indicated they were likely to use 6.5 of the ten types of tools included in the kit.

Conclusions:

A depression tool kit containing screening, diagnostic, management planning, and outcomes assessment questionnaires as well as treatment and counseling guidelines, information tables, flow charts, and patient education materials is likely to be well received by primary care physicians. However, its effectiveness may have as much to do with how its use is organized and implemented as it does with the intrinsic value of its components.
Doctoral Dissertations in Technical Writing: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Murdock Phil
Published: May 2005

This bibliography of thirty dissertations summarizes doctoral research in technical writing since 1975. It is intended as the first step in an on-going abstracting service to be performed by the ERIC system. The dissertations range widely, from theoretical pronouncements to classroom how-to's. The collection provides an overview of the kinds of research being done and the institutions sponsoring it.
A Weekly Group Meeting for Children on a Pediatric Ward: Therapeutic and Practical Functions
Authors: Frank John L.
Published: May 2005

The multiple sources of psychological stress to the hospitalized child are reviewed with references to the literature. The Hahnemann Pediatric Ward and patient population are described as are the functions of a weekly group meeting for school aged hospitalized children led by a child psychiatrist. Efforts are made to use knowledge gained from the children for therapeutic purposes within the group as well as for teaching the inpatient pediatric staff how the hospitalized child's behavior reflects his inner thoughts and feelings.

Aspects of the children's behavior and verbal productions in the group are discussed from a psychodynamic viewpoint. Conflict, ambivalence, fantasy distortion, denial and displacement are exemplified, as is the children's ever-present need to simultaneously express, defend against and master anxiety. Questions are raised about outcome and future avenues of investigation.
The Parents' Response to a Child's Murder
Authors: Dannemiller H. Christine
Published: May 2005

Although the response to loss has been a prevalent area of inquiry, limited research exists on how or whether the context of violent death affects the response of parents to the loss of a child. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to enhance the theoretical understanding of the parents' bereavement response to the violent death of the child. The public response to the death emerged as the most troublesome and unique issue when a child is murdered. Parents contended with this problem by synthesizing their own response to the death with that of the public in an attempt to recreate the scenario surrounding the death. As the number of young who are murdered continues to increase, more professionals will care for parents bereaved under these circumstances and have the opportunity to incorporate the implications from this research into their practice.
Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Loewenstein Richard J. , Sharfstein Steven S.
Published: May 2005

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a newly described, highly virulent, idiopathic syndrome characterized by lymphocyte dysfunction, multiple opportunistic infections and lymphoma, which primarily affects previously healthy, promiscuous homosexual males. Dementia and delirium due to infection and/or disseminated lymphoma may frequently occur in these patients, especially as the illness progresses. Consulting and liaison psychiatrists must be particularly alert to the possibility of organicity in these patients, in addition to the psychological distress caused by the AIDS syndrome itself.
St. John's Wort (Hypericum Perforatum) as a Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Huang Kai-Lin , Tsai Shih-Jen
Published: May 2005

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a menstruous dysfunction, is characterized by profoundly depressed mood, and studies have shown that antidepressants are effective for PMDD. The authors describe a case of PMDD who was initially treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Due to intolerable gastrointestinal side effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, St. John's wort (900 mg/day) was substituted and much improvement in PMDD symptoms was noted for at least five-month follow-up. The authors propose that St. John's wort could be an alternative medication for PMDD, especially for patients experiencing intolerable side effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Stability and Change in Positive Self-Appraisal from Midlife to Later Aging
Authors: Holahan Carole K.
Published: May 2005

This research investigated stability and change in the self-appraisal of having lived up to one's abilities from midlife to later aging. The subjects were 185 participants in the Terman Study of the Gifted, who had been asked to rate themselves with respect to living up to their abilities in 1960 (at an average age of 48) and in 1996 (at an average age of nearly 85). While there was a positive relation between self-appraisal at the 2 times, net change favored a more positive appraisal in aging. Those who rated themselves positively at both times had more positive personality characteristics in early to mid-adulthood, more education, better self-rated health in midlife, somewhat higher ambition in early adulthood and midlife, and greater satisfaction with their achievement in early aging. Those who changed positively in their self-appraisal, as compared with those with a negative later self-appraisal, had somewhat better education, better self-rated health in midlife, higher level occupations, and greater satisfaction with their achievement in early aging. Self-appraisals in later aging were related to current life satisfaction. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the self-concept and the self-narrative in life-span development.
Final Committee Report of Nato's Special Program for Advanced Educational Technology
Authors: Pontecorvo C. , Balacheff N. , Kaye A. , Bouma H. , Liao T. , Orhun E. , Cunha L. Da
Published: May 2005

This report of NATO's Advanced Educational Technology (AET) advisory committee is written to provide a summary as well as a vision of the role of technology in education. Over fifty ARW's (Advanced Research Workshops) and ASI's (Advanced Study Institutes) have provided a forum for hundreds of AET professionals to interact and collaborate. The published books and reports have had an impact on thousands of educational designers and planners. The summary of position and thematic papers that were presented at the final capstone workshop provide a framework for future research, development, and effective implementation of AET systems.
Psychophysiology of Pain
Authors: Sternbach Richard A.
Published: May 2005

The recent literature on pain states shows: pain thresholds are relatively constant for an individual, but pain tolerance is influenced by psychological state; the expression of pain is a function partly of ethnic membership and degree of extroversion; pain complaints are determined as well by cultural and extroversive factors, and also degree of neuroticism. Studies of pain patients reveals that those with acute pain tend to show normal personality profiles, but the degree of pain experienced is related to the degree of anxiety present. Most chronic pain patients, like those with psychogenic pain, show somatic preoccupations and reactive depression.

The treatment and/or rehabilitation of pain patients has developed in three areas. In cases of peripheral neuropathy and some spinal cord lesions, electrical stimulation with “neural pacemakers” can often “close the gate” to pain signals and provide significant reduction or abolition of pain. Psychotropic medications, particularly the tricyclic antidepressants, sometimes in combination with phenothiazines and antihistamines, are effective in many instances of central pain, and help increase the pain tolerance and decrease the need for narcotics in other pain states. Operant conditioning, including the use of biofeedback, extinguishes pain behavior and increases pain-incompatible behaviors, with good long-term results.
The Organization of Recall during Hypnotic Suggestions for Complete and Selective Amnesia
Authors: Bertrand Lorne D. , Spanos Nicholas P.
Published: May 2005

Hypnotic subjects learned a nine item list that contained three words in each of three categories. Afterwards, they were instructed to forget either the entire list, the items in one category, or one item from each category. Clustering of recall was measured on the recall trials immediately before the suggestion, during amnesia testing, and after cancelling the suggestion. Partial amnesics asked to forget the entire list clustered significantly less during amnesia testing than before or after the suggestion, and testified that they shifted attention away from the recall task during amnesia testing. Subjects in the two selective amnesia treatments showed high levels of clustering during amnesia testing. Instead of disattending from the recall task at this time, these subjects devised strategies for segregating the to-be-forgotten and to-be-remembered items. These findings support the hypothesis that hypnotic amnesia involves strategic enactment, and that amnesic subjects maintain control over their memory processes.
The Effects of Closed-Captioned Television on the Listening Comprehension of Intermediate English as a Second Language (ESL) Students
Authors: Huang Hsin-Chuan , Eskey David E.
Published: May 2005

This study investigated the effects of closed-captioned TV (CCTV) on the listening comprehension of intermediate English as a second language (ESL) students. Thirty students with intermediate levels of ESL proficiency participated in this study. Since vocabulary/phrase acquisition and comprehension are main factors that influence the success/failure of listening comprehension, this research also examined the effects of CCTV on these two subscales. The correlations between the listening comprehension and other factors—starting age of ESL instruction, length of time in the United States, length of ESL instruction, length of time in private language schools, length of time with tutors, and length of time traveling in English speaking countries—were inspected as well. Subjects' perceptions of the effects of CCTV on ESL learning were also covered in the study. The results of the research showed that CCTV helped ESL students' general comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and listening comprehension. However, all other factors examined in the study, such as age of starting ESL instruction, length of ESL instruction, etc., did not correlate with the listening comprehension test.
Chest Pain in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Carter Cameron S. , Maddock Richard J.
Published: May 2005

Objectives:

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the prevalence of chest pain and related medical utilization in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and to investigate the possible relationship between the occurrence of chest pain in these patients and the episodes of excessive worry which characterize this disorder.

Method:

The presence of a history of chest pain in patients with generalized anxiety disorder was investigated in an outpatient psychiatric sample using a structured interview which also assessed related medical utilization and the relationship of chest pain to panic attacks and episodes of excessive worry.

Results:

Of fifty sequentially evaluated patients meeting DSM-IIIR criteria for G.A.D., twenty-four (48%) reported a history of chest pain. Seven of these patients also had a history of panic attacks, however, four of the seven reported that their pain occurred independently of their panic attacks. Sixteen patients with G.A.D. reported that their chest pain episodes were associated with episodes of excess worry. Eleven had sought medical evaluation for their pain. Patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries are frequently found to have panic disorder. The pattern of utilization of medical care was comparable in this sample of patients with G.A.D. and a group of patients with panic disorder recruited in a similar manner.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that in addition to panic disorder, G.A.D. may also be a common diagnosis in chest pain patients with no demonstrable coronary disease. Future studies of coronary artery disease negative patients with chest pain should include assessments for the presence of G.A.D. Our results also suggest that chest pain may be a common symptom in G.A.D. The possibility that chest pain should be included in the diagnostic criteria for this disorder should be the subject of further investigation.
The Meaning Behind Popular Myths about Suicide
Authors: Neuringer Charles
Published: May 2005

The realization that another person chooses to end his life is both horrifying and mysterious to most human beings, because suicide defies the prime law of nature (i.e., survival) and raises doubts about the worth of living. In order to reduce psychological perturbation, we develop a set of myths (or false beliefs) about suicide which serve to deflect us from facing basic issues about life and death and thus maintain a sense of inner comfort. Several common human-serving fallacies about suicide are examined as to their validity and are discussed in terms of how they operate to reduce anxiety about questions of life and death.
The Style Guide as a Cost Reduction Tool
Authors: Sparks Luther C.
Published: May 2005

This paper explains the usefulness of the style guide as a cost reduction tool. The major areas of technical manual production are listed, and examples are provided of how the style guide can reduce costs in each area.
The Biochemistry of Bereavement: Possible Basis for Chemotherapy?
Authors: Fredrick Jerome F.
Published: May 2005

The effect of acute grief on the pituitary-adrenal axis and the hypersecretion of cortisol is reviewed. Particular attention is devoted to the immunosuppressive effects of this hypersecretion. The increased susceptibility to infectious disease agents—bacterial, fungal and viral—is explored in terms of the altered biochemistry of the bereaved individual. The probable increased susceptibility towards oncogenic “passenger” viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus and the Herpes Virus, is discussed as a possible mechanism for the increased incidence of malignancies in the bereaved. The use of dexamethasone in preventing hypersecretion of cortisol in the bereaved, as well as the use of L-dopa and clonidine to control A.C.T.H. levels in such individuals, has given rise to much conflicting data in recent studies. The use of antibiotics in a prophylactic sense, to bolster falling immunity during the grief period, remains a distinct possibility. However, until the basic reactions of grief are defined and the altered biochemistry established, it appears that psychological methods offer the best therapeutic means.
Alternative Conceptions of Class and Status and Symptoms of Psychological Distress
Authors: Dowdall George W. , Meudell M. Bonner
Published: May 2005

One of the most widely reported generalizations in medical sociology and psychiatric epidemiology links social class with mental illness and psychological distress. Using national survey data, this paper compares the ability of measures of social status and class that reflect functionalist, conflict, and Marxist approaches to explain variation in a 26-item scale of symptoms and psychological distress. The measures are found to be somewhat independent of one another. Although the functionalist conceptualization of status is used in almost all research in this area, the authors' findings indicate that Marxist and conflict conceptualizations are equally useful in explaining the variability in psychological distress. These findings should imply greater attention to theoretical perspectives such as Marxism and conflict theory by social epidemiologists and medical sociologists than has been current practice. Of equal importance, it also was found that no measure, including the functionalist measure of occupational prestige, explains more than a few percentage points of the variation in the symptoms measure. Possible explanations for this are discussed, including sample characteristics, measurement issues, and the possibility of a dissociation between social class and mental illness in the United States over the past few decades.
Plasma Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Panic Disorder
Authors: Sweeney Donald R. , Gold Mark S. , Pottash A. L. C. , Martin David
Published: May 2005

Five patients with panic disorder were placed on low doses of imipramine. All patients had shown dramatic improvement after three weeks of treatment, when plasma levels of imipramine and desipramine were measured. Plasma levels corresponded to the low doses being administered. This result implies that the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants is different in patients with panic disorder than in patients with depressive disorder.
The Sickness Impact Profile: Conceptual Formulation and Methodology for the Development of a Health Status Measure
Authors: Bergner Marilyn , Bobbitt Ruth A. , Kressel Shirley , Pollard William E. , Gilson Betty S. , Morris Joanne R.
Published: May 2005

The development of a health status measure, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), is described in terms of both its conceptualization and methodology. The need for a health status measure that is sensitive and appropriate, based on sickness-related behavior, and culturally unbiased, is discussed. A model of sickness behavior is presented as a guide for methodological development. The description of the initial developmental stage of the SIP includes detailed discussion and documentation of the collection, sorting and grouping of items that comprise the SIP, scaling of the items, scoring of the instrument, and testing and revision of the prototype instrument. Results of preliminary tests of reliability, validity, and administrative feasibility are presented. Subsequent steps in revision and finalization, now under way, are outlined.
Collaborative Aesthetics in the Feature Film: Cinematic Components Predicting the Differential Impact of 2,323 Oscar-Nominated Movies
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith
Published: May 2005

Unlike most forms of artistic expression, the feature film is the collaborative product of many individuals. The comparative impact of these separate contributions was assessed in 2,323 movies nominated for Academy Awards in the major categories. Two criteria of a film's impact were defined (best picture honors and movie guide ratings) along with 16 potential predictor variables (direction, male and female leads, male and female supporting roles, screenplay, art direction, costume design, makeup, cinematography, film editing, score, song, visual effects, sound effects editing, and sound) and five control variables (release date and the genre of drama, comedy, romance, and musical). Multiple regression analyses indicated that between 30 percent and 75 percent of the variance in impact could be explained using a subset of these factors.
Concerning the Unity of Consciousness: Part I. Varieties of Conscious Unity
Authors: Natsoulas Thomas
Published: May 2005

Everyone agrees on one thing about consciousness—it possesses some sort of unity. Theorists of consciousness do not always give the same account of what this property amounts to, or of that from which they believe unity derives. In the present article, the unity of consciousness is discussed with reference to authors who have given to it some, larger or smaller, quantity of theoretical attention. Four main kinds of conscious unity emerge from the discussion, though these are not all uncontroversial. William James's treatment of one of these—called here “personal conscious unity”–is addressed in the greatest detail; but there remains a great deal more that needs to be said about all four kinds of conscious unity. The article is published in two parts.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Response to Icelandic and Italian Folktales
Authors: Morra Sergio , Lazzarini Simona
Published: May 2005

This study investigated, in a cross-cultural context, broad issues in response to literature, such as the relationships among comprehension processes, cognitive and emotional variables, appraisal of story endings, familiarity, interest, and liking. An Icelandic and an Italian folktale were presented to 55 Icelandic and 55 Italian undergraduates for reading, oral recall, and evaluation on a set of rating scales. The results revealed major similarities, but also a number of differences, between Icelandic and Italian readers' responses to the two stories. Both groups liked better the same story; this difference between stories was largely accounted for by ease of comprehension, happy end and just outcome, final resolution, elicited emotions, and imagery. Different understanding of the two stories was detected at the level of mental models, not of propositional representations. Cognitive processes strongly affected emotional response and interest, rather than vice versa. A number of interaction effects between story and readers' nationality revealed cross-cultural differences in structural recall, rated visual imagery, ratings of various aspects of the story endings, and some aspects of emotional response. Familiarity with similar stories accounted for only some of these cultural differences.
Community Involvement in Social Marketing: Guineaworm Control
Authors: Brieger William R. , Ramakrishna Jayashree , Adeniyi Joshua D.
Published: May 2005

Social marketing as a health education strategy has the potential for encouraging the adoption of new health technologies. The focus on the individual, though, holds the risk of victim blaming. This can be overcome if the consumers/community are involved in the four major components of the marketing strategy-product design, price, distribution and promotion. The community of Idere, Nigeria, has recently been involved in marketing a monofilament nylon cloth filter to prevent the water-borne helminthic disease, guineaworm. Local tailors produced the filters. Volunteer primary health workers debated pricing, sold the product and educated each consumer. Coverage in those neighborhoods and farm settlements where primary health workers were resident was nearly double that of other sections showing the value of local action to market health changes.