bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in using Electrocoagulation Process in Removal of Nickel Metal in Wastewater: a Literature Review
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Ghozali , Abfertiawan Muhammad Sonny , Syafila Mindriany
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the surge in nickel production, driven by the growing demand for electric vehicle batteries, has raised concerns regarding environmental consequences. The nickel mining and processing industries contribute to increased nickel levels in wastewater, presenting a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This article emphasizes the urgency of developing effective technologies for treating nickel-contaminated wastewater. Electrocoagulation emerges as a promising method, providing high efficiency, minimal sludge production, and cost-effectiveness. The article critically and systematically reviews the potential of the electrocoagulation process in nickel removal from wastewater. In the review, we identify and analyze nearly 32 studies published from 2013 to 2023. We discuss contaminant removal mechanisms and analyze trends in the use of operational parameters. This article identifies the most commonly applied conditions: aluminum electrodes, inter-electrode spacing ≥ 1 cm, current density ≤ 10 mA/cm², initial pH 6 ≤ pH < 11, electrolysis time < 60 min, batch operation, and initial nickel concentration > 50 mg/L. This comprehensive review serves as a foundational resource for advancing electrocoagulation technology in the removal of heavy metals from nickel wastewater.
EM4 Addition Effect with Eisenia foetida Worms on Compost Characteristics as a Soil Improver
Authors: Nindyapuspa Ayu , Setiani Vivin , Astuti Ulvi Pri , Azam Muhammad Abdulloh
Published: August 2024

A lot of fish waste is produced by the community, both from the marketing sector and the fisheries sector, which is caught by fishermen. Almost 35% of the fish waste produced is in the form of heads, bones, innards and also fish remains that are not the main catch which are thrown away directly. Vermicomposting is one of method to reduce the amount of fish waste. The adding of livestock manure in vermicomposting will increase the quality of compost. The purpose of this research is to analyze the compost quality with the mixture of fish waste and livestock manure. The results showed that The compost that has the best quality based on SNI 19-7030-2004 is B2 with 45% fish waste, 20% cow dung and 35% sawdust with a dose of EM4 10 ml, which has a final temperature of 29ºC, pH 7, water content 41%, C-organic 19.83%, nitrogen 1.34%, phosphorus 0.36%, potassium 1.15%, and C/N ratio 14.85. Then, after incubating the soil improvement, it was found that the addition of compost can improve the chemical characteristics of the soil according to the dose given. This indicates that compost application can affect soil quality. Soil quality that has C-organic and nitrogen content according to BPT in 2009 is with the addition of a dose of 5.2 grams of vermicompost. The shortcomings of this study are that the phosphorus and potassium levels are too high.
Groundwater Potential of the Jakarta Groundwater Basin using the Darcy Equation Method
Authors: Priyono Imsak Aditya Respati , Putranto Thomas Triadi , Setiawan Taat
Published: August 2024

The annual increase in population leads to a growing demand for water. To control groundwater utilization in a directed manner is to extract groundwater according to groundwater potential. The research aims to analyze the groundwater potential in the Jakarta Groundwater Basin in terms of quantity and quality. The method used is primary data analysis by determining quantity potential using the Darcy equation method with additional calculations of groundwater volume and quality potential based on drinking water quality standards from the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation no. 2 of 2023 and WHO of 2022. The dynamic potential for unconfined aquifers ranges from 2,663–1,372,901 m³/year, while for confined aquifers range from 184,991–1,895,288 m³/year. The static potential for unconfined aquifers ranges from 266,852–3,252,654 m³, while for confined aquifers ranges from 1,317,862–30,620,266 m³. Based on groundwater quality standards for drinking water from the Minister of Health and WHO for the parameters pH, TDS, Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻, there are 15 samples from 53 samples of unconfined aquifer and 36 samples from 75 samples of confined aquifer that meet standards.
Water Quality Identification and Analysis of Saguling Reservoir, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Maranata Dhoni , Asmaranto Runi , Sudaryanti Sri
Published: August 2024

The Saguling Reservoir in West Bandung Regency is crucial for local water supply and biodiversity. However, water quality has significantly declined due to human activities, environmental changes, and poor waste management. This degradation jeopardizes the reservoir's clean water supply and the ecological health of surrounding communities. This research used the STORET (Storage and Retrieval) method to assess water quality through purposive sampling in the most affected zones, analyzing physical, chemical, and biological parameters at multiple depths. Key indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, and heavy metal presence, were measured. Results show severe water quality deterioration, especially in deeper sections with less sunlight and aeration. Elevated nitrate and phosphate levels, mainly from agricultural runoff and residential waste, exceeded environmental safety standards. Toxic heavy metals like lead and mercury were also detected, posing serious risks to aquatic life and human health. The study highlights that deeper water zones are critically impacted by pollutants, stressing the need for better regulatory frameworks and waste management. Immediate strategic interventions are crucial to restore and protect the Saguling Reservoir's water quality for future generations.
Determination of Fine Particulate Matter Episode Periods in Jakarta by Incorporating Meteorological Conditions
Authors: Firdaus Zidan Fachreza , Permadi Didin Agustin
Published: August 2024

The analysis of observed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Jakarta, Indonesia, was conducted from January 2021 to October 2023 using hourly monitoring data from AirNow, managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data were collected from two air quality monitoring stations in Central and South Jakarta. Meteorological data, including wind speed, temperature, humidity, and rainfall, were obtained from NASA's global forecasting database. The objective was to understand the correlation between PM2.5 formation and meteorological conditions to identify favorable meteorology during high air pollution episodes. During the dry season (May to August), there was a notable increase in PM2.5, linked to higher temperatures, lower humidity, slower wind speeds, and minimal rainfall. The results showed that meteorological conditions significantly affected PM2.5 concentrations, influenced by seasonal changes. In contrast, the rainy season had lower PM2.5 concentrations due to higher rainfall, humidity, and wind speed, and lower temperatures. Further modeling studies are required to assess the combined impacts of emission build-up and meteorology on recurring PM2.5 episodes in Jakarta.
Association of Obesity Susceptibility Gene Variants with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Traits in 1,443 Czech Adolescents
Authors: Dušátková Lenka , Zamrazilová H. , Sedláčková B. , Včelák J. , Hlavatý P. , Aldhoon Hainerová I. , Korenková V. , Bradnová O. , Bendlová B. , Kunešová M. , Hainer V.
Published: August 2024

Genome-wide association studies have revealed several gene variants associated with obesity; however, only a few studies have further investigated their association with metabolic syndrome. We performed a study of eleven variants in/near genes TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R, and FTO in Czech adolescents and analysed their association with obesity, metabolic syndrome and related traits. Genotyping was performed in 1,443 adolescents aged 13.0–17.9 years. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical parameters and blood pressure were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. The FTO rs9939609 variant was associated with overweight/obesity (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21–1.63, P < 0.001). The minor allele of TMEM18 rs7561317 was related to underweight (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.79, P = 0.015). BDNF rs925946 and MC4R rs17782313 were associated with metabolic syndrome (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.04, P = 0.005; 1.51, 95% CI 1.12–2.04, P = 0.009). The PCSK1 rs6235 variant was negatively related to increased blood glucose (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97, P = 0.040). In conclusion, the FTO variant was associated with overweight/obesity in Czech adolescents. Moreover, MC4R and BDNF variants increased the risk of metabolic syndrome, probably through their effect on abdominal obesity. The PCSK1 variant may have a protective role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Retraction: DNA Analysis of Ancient Skeletal Remains
Authors: Eliášová I. , Mazura I. , Smejtek L.
Published: August 2024

Following publication of the report: Eliášová I., Mazura I., Smejtek L.: DNA analysis of ancient skeletal remains, Folia Biologica (Praha), 2010; 56(2): 47-50, Folia Biologica was notified by Dr. Daniel Vaněk with the request to retract the publication for the reasons of plagiarism (inappropriate use of data and of the intellectual content of a former coauthor, who was eliminated from the published report) and strong accusation that the data are incorrect and do not support the conclusions of the report. Folia Biologica notified the institutions of all authors with the request to carry out an investigation concerning the work leading to the publication. The investigation was conducted at the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, the main institution linked to the reported work.

The investigation concluded that there were no signs of plagiarism or inappropriate use of data, but certainly the input of Dr. Vaněk was inappropriately acknowledged and there were some indications of data over­interpretation. Folia Biologica offered the Authors to publish a Correction and Addendum, which appeared in Folia Biologica 2013; 59(1): 51.

Folia Biologica was contacted again by Dr. Vaněk with the request to retract the original publication and reject the acknowledgement.

Folia Biologica therefore invited all authors and Dr. Vaněk to settle the dispute. Only the first author of the original publication and Dr. Vaněk accepted the invitation.

This debate pointed out possible inaccuracies of data in the original publication, especially concerning the Father – Son relationship and the frequency of investigated alleles in the studied material. The investigation also showed that Dr. Vaněk was inappropriately removed from the list of authors in the final stages of manuscript preparation.

Folia Biologica requested reexamination of the potentially erroneous or insufficient data with the aim to publish their appropriate correction. One party of the dispute, Dr. Vaněk, agreed to this solution, but the other party stated that the cooperation after almost two years of continuing allegations and investigations was not possible.

Since there is no indication that the situation may be clarified in a foreseeable time frame, and Folia Biologica cannot support the full content of the publication, the original publication as well as the Correction and Addendum are retracted by the journal.
Bottom-up PBPK modeling of phenytoin brain disposition in postpartum newborns after intrauterine dosing
Authors: Alsmadi Mo’tasem M.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The antiepileptic phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic window, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, and can cross the placenta causing apathy and jitteriness in postpartum newborns. Further, the sudden decay of phenytoin concentration can cause withdrawal seizures. This work aimed to assess the brain toxic exposure to phenytoin in newborns after transplacental transfer using neonatal saliva-brain correlations.

Methods

The phenytoin dose that the newborn receives transplacentally at birth was estimated using verified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model simulations in third-trimester pregnancy (pregnancy T3). Such doses were used as an input to the newborn PBPK model to estimate the neonatal levels of phenytoin and their correlations in brain extracellular fluid (bECF), plasma, and saliva.

Results

The PBPK model-estimated neonatal plasma and bECF concentrations of phenytoin were below the necessary thresholds for anticonvulsant and toxic effects. The neonatal salivary thresholds for phenytoin anticonvulsant and toxic effects were estimated to be 1.3 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively using the plasma-saliva-bECF correlations established herein.

Conclusions

The salivary TDM of phenytoin can be a more convenient option for avoiding phenytoin brain toxicity in newborns of epileptic mothers. Still, the appropriateness of using the same adult values of phenytoin anticonvulsant and toxic effects for infants needs investigation.
Network and cybersecurity applications of defense in adversarial attacks: A state-of-the-art using machine learning and deep learning methods
Authors: Khaleel Yahya Layth , Habeeb Mustafa Abdulfattah , Albahri A. S. , Al-Quraishi Tahsien , Albahri O. S. , Alamoodi A. H.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to perform a thorough systematic review investigating and synthesizing existing research on defense strategies and methodologies in adversarial attacks using machine learning (ML) and deep learning methods. A methodology was conducted to guarantee a thorough literature analysis of the studies using sources such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. A question was shaped to retrieve articles published from 2019 to April 2024, which ultimately produced a total of 704 papers. A rigorous screening, deduplication, and matching of the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed, and hence 42 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The considered papers were categorized into a coherent and systematic classification including three categories: security enhancement techniques, adversarial attack strategies and defense mechanisms, and innovative security mechanisms and solutions. In this article, we have presented a systematic and comprehensive analysis of earlier studies and opened the door to potential future studies by discussing in depth four challenges and motivations of adversarial attacks, while three recommendations have been discussed. A systematic science mapping analysis was also performed to reorganize and summarize the results of studies to address the issues of trustworthiness. Moreover, this research covers a large variety of network and cybersecurity applications of defense in adversarial attack subjects, including intrusion detection systems, anomaly detection, ML-based defenses, and cryptographic techniques. The relevant conclusions well demonstrate what have achieved in defense mechanisms against adversarial attacks. In addition, the analysis revealed a few emerging tendencies and deficiencies in the area to be remedied through better and more dependable mitigation methods against advanced persistent threats. The findings of this review have crucial implications for the community of researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in network and cybersecurity using artificial intelligence applications.
Adapting and extending multimodal (inter)action analysis to investigate synchronous multimodal online language teaching
Authors: Wigham Ciara R. , Satar Müge
Published: August 2024

Multimodal (inter)action analysis offers a powerful and robust methodology for the study of action and interaction between social actors, their environment, and the objects and tools within. Yet its implementation in the analysis of synchronous multimodal online data sets, e.g. (inter)actions via videoconferencing, is limited. Drawing on our research in understanding teacher-learner (inter)actions in instruction-giving fragments in synchronous multimodal online language lessons, we describe and illustrate the ways in which we adapted and extended some of the methodological and analytical tools. These include (1) the use of a grounded theory approach in delineating and identifying higher-level actions, (2) the embodiment and disembodiment of frozen actions, (3) electronic print mode, (4) semiotic lag, (5) semiotic (mis)alignment, (6) modal density (mis)alignment, and (7) how modal density can be achieved by brisk modal shifts in addition to through modal intensity and complexity. We conclude by a call for further educational research in online teaching platforms using the framework to have richer understandings of the (inter)actions between social actors with particular roles and identities (teachers-learners), their environment, and the objects and tools within, which bring their “own material properties, feel and techniques of use, affordances and limitations” (Chun, Dorothy, Richard Kern & Bryan Smith. 2016. Technology in language use, language teaching, and language learning. The Modern Language Journal 100. 64–80: 65).
A comprehensive study of laser irradiated hydrothermally synthesized 2D layered heterostructure V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5%) nanocomposites for photocatalytic application
Authors: Jameel Muhammad Hasnain , Yasin Aqeela , Samia  , Bin Mayzan Mohd Zul Hilmi , bin Roslan Muhammad Sufi , Bin Esa Fahmiruddin , Bin Agam Mohd Arif , Mohd Zaid Mohd Hafiz , Althubeiti Khaled , Aljohani Mohammed
Published: August 2024

It has been studied that both two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and V2O5, which are classified as transition metal dichalcogenides and transition metal oxides, are good photocatalyst materials. For this purpose, the hydrothermal method was practiced to synthesize V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites with different 1–5% w/w weight percent of MoS2 as a prominent photocatalyst under laser irradiation for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min to tune photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastage water. The surface of the 2D molybdenum nanolayered matrix was efficaciously decorated with V2O5 nanoparticles. The crystal phase and layered structures of the V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites samples were verified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. In the range of the UV visible spectrum, the increment in light absorption from 3.6 to 14.5 Ω−1 cm−1 with an increase of active surface from 108 to 169

μ
m

2

{{\rm{\mu }}{\rm{m}}}^{2}

with increased MoS2 doping percentage. Furthermore, dielectric findings like the complex dielectric function, tangent loss, electrical conductivity, quality factors, and impedance of V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites are studied. According to photoluminescence studies, the intensity of peaks decreases when laser irradiation time and doping percentages of MoS2 are increased. As a result, a small peak indicates a decrement rate of electron–hole pair recombination, which increases the capacity for separation. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results revealed that weight loss decreased from 0.69 to 0.35 mg and thermal stability increased with increased doping concentrations. Methylene blue was degraded in 150 min, proving that the prepared MoS2-doped V2O5 material was a stable and economically low-cost nanocomposite for photocatalytic activity.
Cisplatin-induced pyroptosis: a double-edged sword in cancer treatment
Authors: Lei Wenyang , Yu Wenting , Zhong Yu , Li Ti , Xiao Hongjun , Zong Shimin
Published: August 2024

Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and a serious threat to human health. Cisplatin, a widely used first-line chemotherapeutic agent for various solid tumors, is renowned for its efficacy but is limited by significant cytotoxicity. Cisplatin triggers pyroptosis in tumor cells by activating Gasdermin proteins, thereby enhancing its anticancer efficacy. However, this same mechanism can induce pyroptosis in normal cells, causing inflammation and toxicity in healthy tissues, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The objective of this review is to identify the major molecular targets for optimizing the cisplatin treatment window by summarizing recent advances in the pyroptosis caused by cisplatin in different cancer types and normal tissues. Among them, gasdermin D and gasdermin E are the main molecular targets involved in cisplatin-induced pyroptosis, and GSDMB also has similar effects. Future research directions include exploring targeted drug delivery systems and target regulating GSDMs (gasdermin protein family) to selectively modulate pyroptosis, thereby maximizing cisplatin’s anticancer effects while minimizing its side effects. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of cisplatin-induced pyroptosis, offering new insights into therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
Significant influence of La2O3 content on radiation shielding characteristics properties of bismuth sodium borosilicate glasses
Authors: Mahrous Eman M. , Al-Baradi Ateyyah M. , Shaaban Kh. S.
Published: August 2024

Melt-quenching was used to create high density glasses with a chemical composition of (15-x) Na2O–45B2O3–20Bi2O3–20SiO2–xLa2O3, where, x = (0 ≤ x ≥ 15) mol%. Through the use of (XRD) analysis, the amorphous status of these glasses was ascertained. We examined on the synthetic glasses physical attributes as well as their ability to shield against gamma radiation. The density increased from 4.913 g/cm3 for BBSNLa0 glass to 6.497 g/cm3 for BBSNLa15 glass. The study employed the Phy-X/PSD code to explore the radiation shielding properties of these glasses. As the mol% of La2O3 increases, the MFP decreases. This indicates that glass samples with a higher concentration of La2O3 have a greater ability to attenuate or absorb photons, resulting in a shorter average distance traveled before interaction. The BBSNLa-15 glass sample is the best choice for applications in radiation protection.
Comprehensive review of metal-based coordination compounds in cancer therapy: from design to biochemical reactivity
Authors: Omer Peshang Khdir , Aziz Nazk M. , Omer Rebaz Anwar
Published: August 2024

Throughout history, metal-based coordination compounds have been used for medical purposes, including the treatment of various illnesses like cancer. Since the discovery of cisplatin in 1965, many other metal coordinating complexes have been developed and evaluated, involving metals such as platinum, iron, zinc, ruthenium, gold, silver, titanium, and copper. The goal behind these efforts is to create effective and safe medications. At the moment, there are a lot of studies talking about the use of cytostatic metal complexes, mainly on promising platinum- and non-platinum-based drugs in both preclinical and clinical trials. However, there is a lack of recent comprehensive studies that cover both the chemical and biological aspects of metal-based coordinating molecules in the context of cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the coordination chemistry of existing and innovative cytostatic substances. It will include a description of their design and synthesis, as well as a summary of the biochemical reactivity and physicochemical features of potential metal-containing complexes.
Thyroid hormone T3 induces Fyn modification and modulates palmitoyltransferase gene expression through αvβ3 integrin receptor in PC12 cells during hypoxia
Authors: Kvergelidze Elisabed , Barbakadze Tamar , Bátor Judit , Kalandadze Irine , Mikeladze David
Published: August 2024

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential in neuronal and glial cell development and differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelin sheath formation. In addition to nuclear receptors, TH acts through αvβ3-integrin on the plasma membrane, influencing transcriptional regulation of signaling proteins that, in turn, affect adhesion and survival of nerve cells in various neurologic disorders. TH exhibits protective properties during brain hypoxia; however, precise intracellular mechanisms responsible for the preventive effects of TH remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of TH on integrin αvβ3-dependent downstream systems in normoxic and hypoxic conditions of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Our findings reveal that triiodothyronine (T3), acting through αvβ3-integrin, induces activation of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and suppression of the SHP2 in hypoxic PC12 cells. This activation correlates with the downregulation of the expression palmitoyltransferase-ZDHHC2 and ZDHHC9 genes, leading to a subsequent decrease in palmitoylation and phosphorylation of Fyn tyrosine kinase. We propose that these changes may occur due to STAT5-dependent epigenetic silencing of the palmitoyltransferase gene, which in turn reduces palmitoylation/phosphorylation of Fyn with a subsequent increase in the survival of cells. In summary, our study provides the first evidence demonstrating the involvement of integrin-dependent JAK/STAT pathway, SHP2 suppression, and altered post-translational modification of Fyn in protective effects of T3 during hypoxia.
O ALTRUÍSMO EFICAZ DE PETER SINGER APLICADO NA PREVENÇÃO DE DESASTRES E CRISES HUMANITÁRIAS
Authors: Oliveira Wesley Felipe de
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o “altruísmo eficaz” aplicado em desastres e crises humanitárias. Peter Singer desenvolve essa abordagem tendo em vista a pobreza absoluta. Neste trabalho, no entanto, busca-se ampliar esse escopo para outros problemas compreendidos a partir do conceito de desastres e crises humanitárias. O artigo é dividido em três partes. Primeiramente, são apresentados os conceitos centrais desta pesquisa: desastre, crise humanitária e altruísmo eficaz. Em seguida, é analisado como algumas propensões da natureza humana limitam ou impedem o altruísmo. Essa parte descreve alguns fatores da psicologia humana sobre como desastres e crises humanitárias são percebidas. Na última parte, o artigo desenvolve uma perspectiva mais prescritiva, isto é, analisando o que deve ser feito para potencializar atos altruístas e ampliar a cultura da doação de dinheiro. Isso parte da concepção de que a ética é uma superação das tendências naturais do ser humano, evitando, assim, o naturalismo na ética. O artigo analisa como o altruísmo eficaz está fundamentado no utilitarismo e que ele deve ser praticado na prevenção e diminuição dos riscos de desastres e crises humanitárias, pois isso exige menos custos e geram resultados melhores no alívio do sofrimento das vítimas e na proteção da vida.
ROBUST ETHICAL REALISM AND THE MORAL COINCIDENCE PROBLEM
Authors: Vogelmann Rafael Graebin
Published: August 2024

I present an objection to robust ethical realism, the view that there are mind-independent moral facts with normative import. I argue that if we combine robust ethical realism with a traditional conception of morality, according to which persons are especially relevant from a moral point of view, the result is that there is a remarkable coincidence between the content of normative facts and the kind of beings that actually exist. On the one hand, the normative facts single out persons as anespecially relevant kind of being and, on the other hand, persons happen to exist. This match amounts to a coincidence because, according to robust ethical realism, normative facts cannot explain why there are persons and the fact that there are persons cannot explain why the normative facts are what they are. To the extent that commitment to unexplained coincidences counts against a view, robust ethical realism faces a problem. Although there are important similarities between this objection and other objections to normative realism that appeal to remarkable coincidences (such as Street’s evolutionary debunking argument and Bedke’s cosmic coincidence argument), I argue that the moral coincidence poses a different problem for robust ethical realism.
SUBDETERMINAÇÃO E FECHO EPISTÊMICO: UM ENSAIO EM BUSCA DO ARGUMENTO CÉTICO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Cibils Samuel Vicente Basso , Posselt Vinícius Felipe
Published: August 2024

A discussão contemporânea sobre ceticismo radical – a categoria de ceticismo que defende a tese de que conhecimento é impossível – é apresentada em dois diferentes argumentos: argumentos céticos do fecho epistêmico (AFE) e da subdeterminação epistêmica (ASE).1 Pretendemos, inicialmente, descrever como é construído o paradoxo cético. Em seguida, como as duas classes de argumento estão relacionadas aos princípios de subdeterminação e fecho epistêmico (ou fecho do conhecimento). E, por último, será apresentada a prova lógica que mostra que AFE implica ASE e não o contrário; seguiremos as etapas de prova apresentadas por Duncan Pritchard (2005), no intuito de reforçar alguns aspectos com respeito à estrutura do argumento cético para a tese de que ASE é o argumento padrão do ceticismo radical.
CARNAP, QUINE E O EMPIRISMO SEM DOGMAS
Authors: Pizzutti Pedro Henrique Nogueira , Liston Gelson
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo, analisamos a contenda entre Rudolf Carnap e Willard van Orman Quine em torno do empirismo, tendo como foco a discussão acerca dos chamados dois dogmas do empirismo. Especificamente, Carnap e Quine são dois dos principais nomes da Filosofia da Ciência no século XX e, embora tenham sido amigos próximos, Quine foi um dos maiores críticos de Carnap. Nesta empreita, Quine atribuiu à obra carnapiana dois dogmas, a saber, os chamados dogmas da distinção analítico-sintético e do reducionismo. Esta imagem dogmática da obra de Carnap, não obstante, perpetuou-se de modo a constituir um retrato padrão da obra carnapiana dentro da Filosofia da Ciência. Contrários a esta interpretação de Quine, neste artigo, defendemos que o empirismo de Carnap não é dogmático, sendo alheio aos dogmas referidos por Quine. Consequentemente, argumentamos que, longe de discordarem no que tange a aspectos centrais do empirismo, Carnap e Quine estão de acordo em pontos decisivos acerca da concepção empirista da Ciência. De tal forma que, a principal divergência se encontra, não no empirismo, mas em suas respectivas propostas para a própria Filosofia da Ciência.
UMA CRÍTICA ÀS FORMULAÇÕES DO PERFECCIONISMO POLÍTICO DE JOSEPH CHAN E JONATHAN QUONG: DO EQUÍVOCO DO PERFECCIONISMO MODERADO À INCONSISTÊNCIA DA POSSIBILIDADE FORMAL
Authors: Araujo Ricardo Corrêa , Mauricio Junior Alceu , Matedi Barreira Carolina , Kretle Edson
Published: August 2024

Este artigo analisa e compara os modos como Joseph Chan e Jonathan Quong relacionam liberalismo e perfeccionismo, mostrando que nenhum deles consegue formular adequadamente uma das possibilidades dessa relação, o perfeccionismo político. Inicialmente, será mostrado que aquilo que Chan apresenta e defende é um perfeccionismo liberal abrangente e intuicionista, que ele classifica adequadamente como moderado, mas nomeia equivocadamente como político. Em seguida, a análise constata que Quong consegue apontar a possibilidade formal do perfeccionismo político, mas de modo inconsistente, na medida em que recua repetidamente para uma posição em que ele se confunde com um perfeccionismo abrangente. Como conclusão, busca mostrar que o perfeccionismo político ainda precisa ser adequadamente formulado como uma possibilidade concreta e promissora para as democracias liberais.
CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DO ESTATUTO DOS CURSOS NO CORPUS BERGSONIANO
Authors: Fróes Henrique , Sampaio Evaldo
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo procuramos apresentar um panorama da publicação dos cursos do filósofo francês Henri Bergson, iniciada ao final da década de 1980 e ainda inconclusa, e de algumas questões filológicas, metodológicas e hermenêuticas suscitadas por esse material. Em primeiro lugar, fazemos uma breve apresentação da obra publicada e autorizada por Bergson, bem como de sua trajetória enquanto docente. Em seguida, recenseamos todas as publicações dos cursos em língua francesa e discutimos alguns dos problemas filológicos já detectados. Na sequência, abordamos questões como a problemática da autoria dos textos, a suposta impessoalidade do ensino de Bergson, a sua articulação entre pesquisa e ensino, dentre outras. Por fim, apresentamos diferentes visões a respeito da relevância filosófica e das possibilidades de uso desse material.
HANNAH ARENDT, DESABRIGO E DESENRAIZAMENTO – CONDIÇÃO HUMANA, CONDIÇÃO DE CRISE
Authors: Castanheira Nuno
Published: August 2024

O propósito deste artigo é explorar o modo como Hannah Arendt compreende a condição de crise como condição subjacente à existência humana no mundo moderno. Para esse fim, serão analisadas passagens de obras arendtianas, bem como algumas noções nelas presentes, de modo a traçar um caminho da condição de crise de uma perspectiva de senso comum até uma perspectiva ontológico-politicamente fundada.
A CONCEPÇÃO DE PODER COMO UM PRESSUPOSTO DOS PROCESSOS ÉTICO-POLÍTICOS NOS PENSAMENTOS DE HANNAH ARENDT E MICHEL FOUCAULT
Authors: Krüger Junior Dirceu Arno
Published: August 2024

Este texto investiga a questão do poder nas concepções teóricas expostas pela filósofa alemã Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) e pelo filósofo francês Michel Foucault (1926-1984) como um pressuposto dos processos ético-políticos. Arendt e Foucault delineiam o poder em suas respectivas obras de formas distintas: enquanto Arendt defende que o poder surge com a ação política, ou seja, quando o indivíduo vivencia a própria liberdade ao que, por estar em uma comunidade, participa dos “negócios humanos” objetivando agir conjuntamente, engajando-se junto aos seus respectivos pares na esfera público-política, Foucault, em seus escritos, subescreve o poder de maneira a analisar os processos de individualização que recobrem e que produzem um protótipo de sujeito, com cada indivíduo possuindo as potencialidades de multiplicar e de maximizar a força que detém. O intuito é a manutenção e o suporte das bases econômicas e da moralidade axiomática do corpus social. Nesse contexto, uma das diferenças mais consideráveis e marcantes acerca das noções de poder, entre ambos, é que, enquanto Arendt sedimenta uma ideia de ação política comprometida e vinculada aos outros agentes, estes situados no mesmo espaço político, expondo as suas ideias e submetendo-as ao debate público e ao confronto necessário à consecução da liberdade, Foucault concebe o poder como uma rede de relações intercambiáveis e estrategicamente posicionadas.
MORAL E POLÍTICA EM HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Da Fonseca Costa Evandro
Published: August 2024

A atual cena política nacional e sul-americana inspiram cuidados. Nelas, a extrema direita e os seus militantes insistem em simular um poder que não possuem. Nesse contexto, os tipos humanos, que se autoproclamam “cidadãos de bem”, tornam-se mais politicamente perigosos quanto mais convencidos estão do valor moral dos próprios motivos ou motivações. No intento de vislumbrar os elementos que visam a uma leitura mais consequente desse cenário, o texto objetiva revisitar o problema do fundamento da obrigação política, em companhia da original abordagem de Hannah Arendt. Na provisoriedade que instiga o debate, chega-se à preliminar conclusão, a partir do suporte teórico-conceitual arendtiano, que é inadequada a tentativa de fundar a obrigação política na consciência (moral) individual ou nos imperativos da moralidade subjetiva, o que permite que se recoloque em questão a onda dos fundamentalismos de coloração moral, quaisquer que sejam as vertentes ideológicas que assumem.
SOBRE A MENTIRA NA POLÍTICA E SUAS MANIFESTAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS:
Authors: Souza da Silva Kelly Janaína
Published: August 2024

Arendt tinha ciência de que a dissidência entre moral e política é tão antiga e complexa que se torna inviável encetar qualquer debate conclusivo, denunciar os abusos em nome dela ou esperar alterações e soluções. Sendo assim, é possível afirmar que tratar sobre a questão da “mentira na política” em sua obra não se refere, necessariamente, a fazer uma denúncia moral, mas antes, realizar um exame sobre as decorrências dela no domínio político. Tendo isso em mente, o objetivo desse ensaio é propor reflexões sobre a mentira na política a partir dos preceitos arendtianos, aditando, no entanto, como a mentira organizada se desenvolve em contextos contemporâneos. A cena política atual se compõe, na maioria dos países da civilização ocidental, por democracias deliberativas, e um governo que se pretende democrático deve ter, por regra, a transparência, e a mentira como exceção. Assim, o objetivo da verdade, – aqui compreendida enquanto verdade fatual, e não objetiva – é informar da melhor maneira a sociedade, a conduzindo à ordem, enquanto a mentira a dirige para a desorientação, o descrédito e o cinismo. Junte-se a isso o fato de que as mentiras contemporâneas podem contar com o auxílio das modernas mídias e redes sociais, e tem-se que a troca de informações, organização e formação de grupos de opinião, além do desenvolvimento de novas maneiras de divulgação e contestação da realidade dada, assumem proporções e velocidade desmedidos. Dessa forma, acredita-se que a obra de Arendt permita traçar um retrato contemporâneo no qual muitas de suas análises sobrevivem, revelando-se em caráter atual, e talvez de forma ainda mais perniciosa e assustadora. Nesse contexto, considera-se que olhar a questão da mentira na política em Arendt ajudará a reivindicar uma perspectiva crítica também em relação a acontecimentos políticos presentes, trazendo o assunto para o debate contemporâneo e destacando algumas de suas diversas manifestações atuais.
Apresentação
Authors: Schio Sônia Maria
Published: August 2024

não é necessário.
Small Differences and Big Changes: The Many Variables of MicroRNA Expression and Function in the Brain
Authors: Parkins Emma V. , Gross Christina
Published: August 2024

MicroRNAs are emerging as crucial regulators within the complex, dynamic environment of the synapse, and they offer a promising new avenue for the treatment of neurological disease. These small noncoding RNAs modify gene expression in several ways, including posttranscriptional modulation via binding to complementary and semicomplementary sites on target mRNAs. This rapid, finely tuned regulation of gene expression is essential to meet the dynamic demands of the synapse. Here, we provide a detailed review of the multifaceted world of synaptic microRNA regulation. We discuss the many mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate gene expression at the synapse, particularly in the context of neuronal plasticity. We also describe the various factors, such as age, sex, and neurological disease, that can influence microRNA expression and activity in neurons. In summary, microRNAs play a crucial role in the intricate and quickly changing functional requirements of the synapse, and context is essential in the study of microRNAs and their potential therapeutic applications.
Credit assess and welfare status of smallholder: evidence from farmers in Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Osasona Kehinde Kikelomo , Salami Mercy Funke , Rotimi Olamide Faith , Belewu Kafayat Yemisi , Bonire John Oluwaseun
Published: August 2024

Lack of proper access to credit poses a major threat to agricultural production and food security globally, yet commercial bank, co-operative societies, microfinance banks, agricultural development programs, non- governmental organizations, government agricultural schemes offer loans to low-income individuals who have need of it despite the challenges encountered in accessing and managing it by farmers. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of credit programs in improving the welfare of smallholder farmers in Kwara state, Nigeria. Therefore, the nexus between credit assess and welfare status of smallholder farmers in Kwara state, Nigeria was analyzed. Quantitative data was collected from 120 smallholder farmers selected through a three multi-stage sampling techniques. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, per capita expenditure, per capita income, and ordinary least square. Results showed that most respondents were middle-aged married males engaged primarily in farming, with moderate education, experience and income levels. It was also revealed that there is high awareness and use of credit. The major source of credit for the respondents was cooperative societies (60%) with least of agricultural development programs (3.92%). Overall, 58.93% of smallholder farmers had access to credit. Key perceived benefits were investment in agriculture (32.50%) and increased productivity (31.67%), and diversification of farming activities (20.83%). The significant factors influencing the welfare status of smallholder farmers include credit amount, age and household size. Based on these findings, it is recommended that both formal and informal sources of credit be established for farmers within the farmers’ vicinity.
ELLIPSOMETRY EQUATION FOR THE STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF A SUBSTRATE AND A UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPIC FILM WITH THE OPTICAL AXIS IN THE PLANE OF INCIDENCE
Authors: ШВЕЦ В.А. , АЗАРОВ И.А. , СПЕСИВЦЕВ Е.В.
Published: August 2024

Представлено решение прямой задачи эллипсометрии для однослойной модели изотропная подложка - анизотропная плёнка в случае ориентации оптической оси плёнки в плоскости падения. Получены аналитические выражения для расчёта эллипсометрических параметров такой структуры. Предложен простой численный алгоритм определения обыкновенного ( no ) и необыкновенного (ne ) показателей преломления объёмного кристалла при различных условиях измерения. Рассматривается обратная задача определения no , ne и толщины плёнки d при изменении азимута оптической оси. Обсуждается проблема корреляции искомых параметров для такой задачи.

A solution to the direct ellipsometry problem is presented for a single-layer model consisting of an isotropic substrate and an anisotropic film in the case of the orientation of the optical axis of the film in the plane of incidence. Analytical expressions for calculating the ellipsometric parameters of such a structure are obtained. A simple numerical algorithm is proposed for determining the ordinary ( no ) and extraordinary ( ne ) refractive indices of a bulk crystal under various measurement conditions. The inverse problem of determining no, ne, and film thickness d when changing the azimuth of the optical axis is considered. The correlation of the required parameters for such a problem is discussed.
MODERN METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FORMING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES
Authors: КОТЛЯР П.Е. , ПОТАТУРКИН О.И.
Published: August 2024

Рассмотрены методы и системы формирования гиперспектральных данных на базе спектрального сканирования и без сканирования изображений. Это обусловлено переходом во многих практических задачах от аэрокосмических к «наземным» методам гиперспектральной съёмки. Представлены варианты реализации спектроразделительных устройств - ключевого элемента современных смотрящих гиперспектрометров. Приведены основные параметры и технические характеристики абсорбционных, интерференционных и жидкокристаллических фильтров, показаны их принципиальные возможности. Сечение фильтруемого светового пучка и его угловая апертура в таких устройствах могут быть весьма велики, что делает их пригодными для исследования объектов слабых излучений. Рассмотрены перестраиваемые фильтры без механических перемещений элементов конструкции на базе быстродействующих акустооптических устройств и планарных интерферометров Маха - Цендера с электростатическим управлением. В настоящее время их предельное спектральное разрешение составляет величину менее 1 нм для видимого и ближнего инфракрасного диапазонов.

Methods and systems for generating hyperspectral data based on spectral scanning and without image scanning are considered. This is due to the transition in many practical problems from aerospace to “ground-based” hyperspectral imaging methods. Options for implementing spectrum separation devices, a key element of modern viewing hyperspectrometers, are presented. The main parameters and technical characteristics of absorption, interference, and liquid crystal filters are presented, and their fundamental capabilities are shown. The cross section of the filtered light beam and its angular aperture in such devices can be very large, which makes them suitable for studying objects of weak radiation. Tunable filters without mechanical movements of structural elements based on high-speed acousto-optical devices and planar Mach-Zehnder interferometers with electrostatic control are considered. Currently, their maximum spectral resolution is less than 1 nm for the visible and near-infrared ranges.
SPATIAL-SPECTRAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUT SUPERCONDUCTING CONVERTER OF A MAGNETOCARDIOGRAPH
Authors: МОТОРИН С.В. , ГОЛЫШЕВ Н.В. , ГОЛЫШЕВ Д.Н.
Published: August 2024

В процессе проведения биомагнитных (магнитокардиографических) исследований приходится учитывать пространственные особенности структуры входной преобразователь - сердце: глубину залегания, местоположение и ориентацию токового диполя, геометрическую конфигурацию входного преобразователя. Пространственная спектральная плотность источника имеет ярко выраженную зависимость от глубины его залегания. В работе рассмотрены вопросы вывода и анализа пространственно-частотных преобразований входного преобразователя и его пространственных фильтрующих свойств.

In the process of conducting biomagnetic (magnetocardiographic) studies, it is necessary to take into account the spatial features of the input converter-heart structure: the depth of occurrence, location and orientation of the current dipole, and the geometric configuration of the input converter. The spatial spectral density of the source has a pronounced dependence on the depth of its occurrence. Various issues of derivation and analysis of the spatial frequency transformations of the input converter and its spatial filtering properties are considered in the present study.
COMPARISON OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR REGRESSION ESTIMATION OF PROBABILITY DENSITY OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLE
Authors: ЛАПКО А.В. , ЛАПКО В.А.
Published: August 2024

Исследуются методы выбора коэффициента размытости ядерных функций регрессионной оценки плотности вероятности одномерной случайной величины. Регрессионная оценка плотности вероятности является модификацией статистики Розенблатта - Парзена и используется при обработке статистических данных большого объёма. Её синтез основан на сжатии исходной выборки путём декомпозиции области значений случайной величины. Элементами полученного массива данных являются центры интервалов дискретизации и частоты принадлежности им значений случайной величины из исходной выборки. Эта информация является достаточной для оценивания плотности вероятности случайной величины в виде непараметрической регрессии. Поэтому появляется возможность выбора коэффициента размытости ядерных функций регрессионной оценки из условия минимума её ошибки аппроксимации искомой плотности вероятности. Традиционный подход оптимизации непараметрической оценки плотности вероятности основан на минимизации её среднего квадратического отклонения. Анализируются аппроксимационные свойства регрессионной оценки плотности вероятности при использовании рассматриваемых методов её оптимизации.

The methods of bandwidth selection of the kernel functions of the regression estimation of the probability density of a one-dimensional random variable are investigated. Regression estimation of the probability density is a modification of the Rosenblatt-Parzen statistics and is used in processing of large-volume statistical data. Its synthesis is based on compression of the initial sample by means of decomposition of the range of values of the random variable. The elements of the resulting data array are the centers of the sampling intervals and the frequency of belonging of the values of the random variable chosen from the initial sample to them. This information is sufficient to estimate the probability density of the random variable in the form of a nonparametric regression. Therefore, it becomes possible to select the bandwidths of the kernel functions of the regression estimate from the condition of the minimum error of the desired probability density approximation. The traditional approach to optimizing nonparametric estimation of the probability density is based on minimizing its mean square deviation. The approximation properties of regression estimation of the probability density are analyzed when using the considered methods of its optimization.