bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney Developing Local Recurrence
Authors: Usuba Wataru , Sasaki Hideo , Yoshie Hidekazu , Kitajima Kazuki , Kudo Hiroya , Nakazawa Ryuto , Sato Yuichi , Takagi Masayuki , Chikaraishi Tatsuya
Published: April 2016

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the kidney is a rare entity and usually displays a favorable prognosis. We herein report a second case of renal SFT developing local recurrence. A 50-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a left renal mass. An abdominal CT detected a large renal tumor and radical nephrectomy was performed with a possible diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The resected tumor size was measured at 17 × 11 × 8 cm. Grossly, necrosis was observed in central lesion of the tumor but hemorrhage was not observed. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells with scant cytoplasm accompanied by hyalinized collagenous tissue, which displayed hemangiopericytomatous patterns. The cellularity was normal and nuclear pleomorphism was not observed. Ki-67 labeling index was less than 3%. The pathological diagnosis of SFT was made without obvious malignant findings. Three years after the surgery, a follow-up CT scan detected a mass lesion in the tumor bed. Surgical resection was performed and the resected tumor was compatible with local recurrence of the SFT without obvious malignant findings. Renal SFT should be carefully monitored even in the absence of obvious malignant findings.
Role of Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport: Reformulated Arrhenius Equation
Authors: Aziz Shujahadeen B.
Published: April 2016

Solid and nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on chitosan have been prepared by solution cast technique. The XRD results reveal the occurrence of complexation between chitosan (CS) and the LiTf salt. The deconvolution of the diffractogram of nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes demonstrates the increase of amorphous domain with increasing alumina content up to 4 wt.%. Further incorporation of alumina nanoparticles (6 to 10 wt.% Al2O3) results in crystallinity increase (large crystallite size). The morphological (SEM and EDX) analysis well supported the XRD results. Similar trends of DC conductivity and dielectric constant with Al2O3concentration were explained. The TEM images were used to explain the phenomena of space charge and blocking effects. The reformulated Arrhenius equation (σ(ε′,T)=σoexp(-Ea/KBε′T)) was proposed from the smooth exponential behavior of DC conductivity versus dielectric constant at different temperatures. The more linear behavior of DC conductivity versus1000/(ɛ′×T)reveals the crucial role of dielectric constant in Arrhenius equation. The drawbacks of Arrhenius equation can be understood from the less linear behavior of DC conductivity versus1000/T. The relaxation processes have been interpreted in terms of Argand plots.
Two-Stage Multiobjective Optimization for Emergency Supplies Allocation Problem under Integrated Uncertainty
Authors: Bai Xuejie
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a new two-stage optimization method for emergency supplies allocation problem with multisupplier, multiaffected area, multirelief, and multivehicle. The triplet of supply, demand, and the availability of path is unknown prior to the extraordinary event and is descriptive with fuzzy random variable. Considering the fairness, timeliness, and economical efficiency, a multiobjective expected value model is built for facility location, vehicle routing, and supply allocation decisions. The goals of proposed model aim to minimize the proportion of demand nonsatisfied and response time of emergency reliefs and the total cost of the whole process. When the demand and the availability of path are discrete, the expected values in the objective functions are converted into their equivalent forms. When the supply amount is continuous, the equilibrium chance in the constraint is transformed to its equivalent one. To overcome the computational difficulty caused by multiple objectives, a goal programming model is formulated to obtain a compromise solution. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the solution method.
Dysautonomia Differentially Influences the Effect of Affective Pain Perception on Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Rada D. , Seco J. , Echevarría E. , Tijero B. , Abecia L. C. , Gómez-Esteban J. C.
Published: April 2016

Background. Our aim was to evaluate the real effect of dysautonomic symptoms on the influence of affective pain perception on quality of life in PD patients.Methods. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out using 105 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients of the Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital de Cruces (Bilbao, Spain) [men 59 (56.2%), women 46 (43.85%)]. Statistical analysis was made in order to evaluate the possible association of pain with life quality.Results. Quality of life measured by PDQ-39 (Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire for quality of life) was statistically associated with affective dimension of pain (PRIA, affective pain rating index). However, the influence of this dimension on PDQ-39 was different in the specific case of PD patients that experimented a high score (>12) in SCOPA-AUT (Scale for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic scale).Conclusions. These results confirm the effect of affective perception of pain in life quality of PD patients, indicating the critical role of autonomic symptoms in the modulation of the influence of pain on quality of life and showing the possible utility of dysautonomia as clinical prognostic indicator of quality of life in PD patients affected by pain.
Effect of the Yield Criterion of Matrix on the Brittle Fracture of Fibres in Uniaxial Tension of Composites
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Erisov Yaroslav , Grechnikov Fedor
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the effect of the yield criterion of the matrix on brittle fracture of the fibre in continuous fibre reinforced metal matrix composites subjected to tension in the direction parallel to the fibres. It is assumed that the matrix obeys quite a general isotropic yield criterion. An approximate approach to predicting the tensile load at which the fibre breaks previously proposed in the literature is adopted. It is shown that this tensile load is practically independent of the yield criterion of the matrix. This is a great advantage for engineering applications since an analytic solution is available in the case of Tresca yield criterion. This solution can be used for a wide range of matrix materials with no loss of the accuracy of the prediction of the tensile load at which the fibre breaks.
Maximum Matchings of a Digraph Based on the Largest Geometric Multiplicity
Authors: Yang Yunyun , Xie Gang
Published: April 2016

Matching theory is one of the most forefront issues of graph theory. Based on the largest geometric multiplicity, we develop an efficient approach to identify maximum matchings in a digraph. For a given digraph, it has been proved that the number of maximum matched nodes has close relationship with the largest geometric multiplicity of the transpose of the adjacency matrix. Moreover, through fundamental column transformations, we can obtain the matched nodes and related matching edges. In particular, when a digraph contains a cycle factor, the largest geometric multiplicity is equal to one. In this case, the maximum matching is a perfect matching and each node in the digraph is a matched node. The method is validated by an example.
Predictive Factors for Medical Consultation for Sore Throat in Adults with Recurrent Pharyngotonsillitis
Authors: Koskenkorva T. , Koivunen P. , Alho O.-P.
Published: April 2016

Objects. To seek patient- and episode-related factors that associate with medical consultation for acute sore throat because these factors may affect the patient being referred to specialist care and tonsillectomy for recurrent pharyngotonsillitis.Methods. In a secondary analysis of two prior randomised controlled trials, sore throat episodes and medical visits were explored among 156 adult patients referred for tonsillectomy because of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis.Results. The 156 patients (104 females, mean age of 26 years) suffered from 208 acute pharyngotonsillitis episodes during 5-6 months of follow-up. Forty (25%) patients visited a physician, and female gender (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval 1.4–8.0) and finding of chronically infected tonsils (HR 2.7; 1.2–6.1) were associated with medical consultation. Thirty-six (17%) episodes led to medical consultation during the first 7 days of symptoms. Presence of severe throat pain was related to medical visit (HR 4.3; 1.0–18.5).Conclusions. Even among patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, the acute sore throat episodes were usually mild and only few resulted in medical consultation, with female gender, chronically infected tonsils, and having severe throat pain increasing the consultation rate.
An Efficient Ranking Technique for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers with Its Application in Chance Constrained Bilevel Programming
Authors: Biswas Animesh , De Arnab Kumar
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to develop a new ranking technique for intuitionistic fuzzy numbers using the method of defuzzification based on probability density function of the corresponding membership function, as well as the complement of nonmembership function. Using the proposed ranking technique a methodology for solving linear bilevel fuzzy stochastic programming problem involving normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is developed. In the solution process each objective is solved independently to set the individual goal value of the objectives of the decision makers and thereby constructing fuzzy membership goal of the objectives of each decision maker. Finally, a fuzzy goal programming approach is considered to achieve the highest membership degree to the extent possible of each of the membership goals of the decision makers in the decision making context. Illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and the achieved results are compared with existing techniques.
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Home Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review
Authors: MacIntyre Erika J. , Asadi Leyla , Mckim Doug A. , Bagshaw Sean M.
Published: April 2016

Background. The prevalence of patients supported with home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for chronic respiratory failure has increased. However, the clinical outcomes associated with HMV are largely unknown.Methods. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating patients receiving HMV for indications other than obstructive lung disease, reporting at least one clinically relevant outcome including health-related quality of life (HRQL) measured by validated tools; hospitalization requirements; caregiver burden; and health service utilization. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane library, clinical trial registries, proceedings from selected scientific meetings, and bibliographies of retrieved citations.Results. We included 1 randomized control trial (RCT) and 25 observational studies of mixed methodological quality involving 4425 patients; neuromuscular disorders (NMD) (n=1687); restrictive thoracic diseases (RTD) (n=481); obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) (n=293); and others (n=748). HRQL was generally described as good for HMV users. Mental rather than physical HRQL domains were rated higher, particularly where physical assessment was limited. Hospitalization rates and days in hospital appear to decrease with implementation of HMV. Caregiver burden associated with HMV was generally high; however, it is poorly described.Conclusion. HRQL and need for hospitalization may improve after establishment of HMV. These inferences are based on relatively few studies of marked heterogeneity and variable quality.
Projective Invariants from Multiple Images: A Direct and Linear Method
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Wang Xingwei , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2016

The projective reconstruction of 3D structures from 2D images is a central problem in computer vision. Existing methods for this problem are usually nonlinear or indirect. In the previous direct methods, we usually have to solve a system of nonlinear equations. They are very complicated and hard to implement. The previous linear indirect methods are usually imprecise. This paper presents a linear and direct method to derive projective structures of 3D points from their 2D images. Algorithms to compute projective invariants from two images, three images, and four images are given. The method is clear, simple, and easy to implement. For the first time in the literature, we present explicit linear formulas to solve this problem.Mathematicacodes are provided to demonstrate the correctness of the formulas.
Balancing Lexicographic Multi-Objective Assembly Lines with Multi-Manned Stations
Authors: Kellegöz Talip
Published: April 2016

In a multi-manned assembly line, tasks of the same workpiece can be executed simultaneously by different workers working in the same station. This line has significant advantages over a simple assembly line such as shorter line length, less work-in-process, smaller installation space, and less product flow time. In many realistic line balancing situations, there are usually more than one objective conflicting with each other. This paper presents a preemptive goal programming model and some heuristic methods based on variable neighborhood search approach for multi-objective assembly line balancing problems with multi-manned stations. Three different objectives are considered, minimizing the total number of multi-manned stations as the primary objective, minimizing the total number of workers as the secondary objective, and smoothing the number of workers at stations as the tertiary objective. A set of test instances taken from the literature is solved to compare the performance of all methods, and results are presented.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Progressively Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes on Smoking Behaviors, Biomarkers of Exposure, and Subjective Ratings
Authors: Mercincavage Melissa , Souprountchouk Valentina , Tang Kathy Z. , Dumont Rachel L. , Wileyto E. Paul , Carmella Steven G. , Hecht Stephen S. , Strasser Andrew A.
Published: April 2016

Background: The U.S. FDA has the authority to reduce cigarette nicotine content if found to benefit public health. Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarette use does not appear to increase harm exposure, but studies have not rigorously assessed smoking behavior or used a comprehensive panel of biomarkers. This study examined the effects of progressively decreasing RNC cigarettes on smoking behaviors, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective ratings.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-eight daily, non–treatment-seeking smokers participated in a 35-day randomized, unblinded, parallel study. After a 5-day baseline period, participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 80) that smoked progressively decreasing RNC cigarettes during three 10-day periods, or control group (n = 78) that smoked their own brand throughout the study.

Results: Daily cigarette consumption significantly increased for the intermediate RNCs (P's < 0.001) but approached baseline rate for the lowest RNC (P = 0.686); in contrast, puffing behavior significantly decreased at intermediate levels and increased for the lowest RNC (P's < 0.001). Cotinine and NNAL significantly decreased by RNC period (P's ≤ 0.001–0.02), whereas CO boost initially increased (P's = 0.001–0.005). 1-HOP did not change by period (P = 0.109).

Conclusions: Smoking behaviors changed by RNC period via CPD and puffing behavior. Biomarkers of exposure generally decreased with nicotine content.

Impact: Findings suggest that RNC use does not ubiquitously reduce smoking behaviors or biomarkers, yet the lowest RNC level tested may reduce harm exposure. This emphasizes the importance of using multiple behavioral and biologic measures to address the impact of RNC cigarette smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1125–33. ©2016 AACR.
WRN Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation Does Not Predict More Favorable Outcomes for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Irinotecan-Based Therapy
Authors: Bosch Linda J.W. , Luo Yanxin , Lao Victoria V. , Snaebjornsson Petur , Trooskens Geert , Vlassenbroeck Ilse , Mongera Sandra , Tang Weiliang , Welcsh Piri , Herman James G. , Koopman Miriam , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , van Criekinge Wim , Meijer Gerrit A. , Monnat Raymond J. , Carvalho Beatriz , Grady William M.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: WRN promoter CpG island hypermethylation in colorectal cancer has been reported to increase sensitivity to irinotecan-based therapies. We aimed to characterize methylation of the WRN promoter, determine the effect of WRN promoter hypermethylation upon expression, and validate a previous report that WRN promoter hypermethylation predicts improved outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with irinotecan-based therapy.

Experimental Design: WRN methylation status was assessed using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing assays. WRN expression was determined using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. WRN methylation status was correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in 183 patients with mCRC. Among these patients, 90 received capecitabine monotherapy as first-line therapy, and 93 received capecitabine plus irinotecan (CAPIRI) therapy as part of the CAIRO phase III clinical trial.

Results: WRN mRNA and WRN protein expression levels were low in colorectal cancer cell lines and in primary colorectal cancer and were largely independent of WRN methylation status. Patients with methylated WRN colorectal cancer had a shorter OS compared with patients who had unmethylated WRN colorectal cancer (HR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.2; P = 0.003). Patients with unmethylated WRN showed a significantly longer PFS when treated with CAPIRI compared with capecitabine alone (HR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32–0.70; P = 0.0001). In contrast, patients did not benefit from adding irinotecan to capecitabine when WRN was methylated (HR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.69–1.77; P = 0.7).

Conclusions: WRN expression is largely independent of WRN promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. Moreover, we could not validate the previous finding that WRN promoter hypermethylation predicts improved clinical outcomes of mCRC treated with irinotecan-based therapy and found instead the opposite result. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4612–22. ©2016 AACR.
Down-Regulation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry and Na+ Ca2+ Exchange in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Pharmacological JAK3 Inhibition
Authors: Yan Jing , Zhang Bingbing , Hosseinzadeh Zohreh , Lang Florian
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims: Oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) participate in the orchestration of tumor cell proliferation. [Ca2+]i could be increased by intracellular Ca2+ release followed by store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). [Ca2+]i could be decreased by Ca2+ extrusion via Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Mechanisms accomplishing SOCE include the pore-forming ion channel unit Orai1 and its regulator STIM1, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoforms include NCX1. In MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells Orai1 and NCX1 have previously been shown to be modified by pharmacological inhibition of Janus activated kinase JAK2. The present study explored whether SOCE and Na+/Ca2+ exchange are similarly sensitive to pharmacological JAK3 inhibition. Methods: MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells were studied in the absence and presence of the JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P154 (22 µM). [Ca2+]i was estimated from Fura-2-fluorescence, SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following Ca2+ re-addition after Ca2+-store depletion with sarcoendoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin (1 µM), and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity from increase of [Ca2+]i following extracellular Na+ removal. Transcript levels were quantified with RT-PCR. Results: Addition of ATP (100 µM) was followed by a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i, which was significantly blunted by WHI-P154. Thapsigargin-induced intracellular Ca2+ release was not appreciably influenced by WHI-P154. Subsequent SOCE was, however, significantly blunted by WHI-P154. WHI-P154 further significantly decreased Orai1 transcript levels. The increase of [Ca2+]i following extracellular Na+-removal and the NCX1 transcript levels were similarly decreased by WHI-P154. Conclusions: The JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P154 decreases both, Orai1 and NCX1 transcript levels and thus impairs SOCE and Na+/Ca2+ exchange.
Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Recurrence and Prognosis after R0 Resection for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Sato Harunobu , Kotake Kenjiro , Sugihara Kenichi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Maeda Kotaro , Uyama Ichiro ,   on behalf of the Study Group for Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer By the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a well-known predictor of poor prognosis. This study aims at identifying factors affecting recurrence and prognosis after R0 resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) with synchronous PM. Methods: A multi-institutional, retrospective analysis of 172 patients with R0 surgery for CRC with PM was conducted. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed for their significance in contributing toward recurrence and prognosis. Results: Lymph node (LN) metastasis was an independent factor affecting recurrence as indicated by logistic regression analyses. The following factors were independent predictors of poor prognostic using the Cox proportional hazard model: LN metastasis, no postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, five or fewer dissected LNs, and preoperative high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. Of the patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, no significant differences were observed in recurrence rate and disease-free interval between those with intensive adjuvant chemotherapy and those with non-intensive chemotherapy. After R0 surgery for PM, 90 patients (76.3%) experienced recurrence by 18 months, and hematogenous recurrence occurred significantly more often than peritoneal recurrence. Conclusion: Harvesting of more than 5 LNs and administration of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after R0 surgery are recommended for prognosis improvement. Intensive follow-up should be performed within 18 months after R0 surgery for CRC with synchronous PM.
The Innate Immune System: A Trigger for Many Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases
Authors: Kamada Nobuhiko , Rogler Gerhard
Published: April 2016

Background: Mononuclear phagocytes, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are important cellular components of the innate immune system that contribute to the pathogenesis of many intestinal inflammatory diseases. Summary: While mononuclear phagocytes play a key role in the induction of inflammation in many different tissues through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1), free oxygen radicals (also termed ‘oxidative burst'), proteases (such as cathepsins) and tissue-degrading enzymes (such as metalloproteinases), resident macrophages as well as dendritic cells in the intestine display an anergic and ‘tolerogenic' phenotype mediating tolerance to commensal bacteria. In recent years many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes mainly expressed in the above-mentioned cell types have been identified to convey an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. SNPs in the NOD2, ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 genes, which are involved in the function of the innate immune cells, are identified as risk factors for Crohn's disease (CD). Of note, these genes are involved in the different functions in the innate immune cells. For example, while NOD2 is required for intracellular recognition of microbial components, ATG16L1 is involved in autophagy responses against intracellular microbes. Likewise, TNFSF15 contributes to the induction of inflammatory responses by innate immune cells. Furthermore, the frequency of mutations in these genes differs by ethnicity. Genetic variations in the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes are associated with CD in Caucasians but much less in Eastern Asian populations, whereas SNPs in TNFSF15 are dominated in Asian populations. Thus, different genetic risks may eventually lead to similar impairments in innate immune cells, thereby developing the same disease in Western and Asian patients with CD. Key Messages: Despite differences in risk genes, similar mechanisms associated with the innate immune system may trigger autoimmune and chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases in East and West.
Retrocolic or Antecolic Roux-en-Y Reconstruction after Distal Gastrectomy: Which Is More Effective in the Prevention of Postoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?
Authors: Hirata Akihiro , Fukaya Masahide , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Miyahara Ryoji , Funasaka Kohei , Nagino Masato
Published: April 2016

Background: It is unclear which reconstructive route (retrocolic or antecolic) is more effective in preventing postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Roux-en-Y reconstruction following distal gastrectomy. Methods: Eighty-one eligible patients (retrocolic, n = 39; antecolic, n = 42) underwent endoscopies before surgery and 1 year after surgery to evaluate reflux esophagitis according to the Los Angeles classifications. The relative anatomical position of gastrojejunostomy to the cardia was measured by CT imaging. Results: The proportion of patients with reflux esophagitis was also significantly higher in the antecolic group than in the retrocolic group (38.1 vs. 10.3%, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that antecolic reconstruction and body mass index (BMI) were independent risk factors for reflux esophagitis. The relative position of gastrojejunostomy to the cardia in the antecolic group was shifted to the left laterally (59.0 vs. 28.8 degree, p < 0.001) and ventrally (65.4 vs. 39.8 degree, p < 0.001) than in the retrocolic group. There was a positive correlation between BMI and left lateral and ventral shifts of gastrojejunostomy in the antecolic group. Conclusion: Retrocolic reconstruction may be superior to antecolic reconstruction in preventing postoperative GERD, especially in obese patients. The left lateral and ventral shifts of gastrojejunostomy after antecolic reconstruction may aggravate the occurrence of GERD.
An expanded pharmacogenomics warfarin dosing table with utility in generalised dosing guidance
Authors: Shahabi Payman , Scheinfeldt Laura , Lynch Daniel , Schmidlen Tara , Perreault Sylvie , Keller Margaret , Kasper Rachel , Wawak Lisa , Jarvis Joseph , Gerry Norman , Gordon Erynn , Christman Michael , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Gharani Neda
Published: April 2016

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) guided warfarin dosing, using a comprehensive dosing algorithm, is expected to improve dose optimisation and lower the risk of adverse drug reactions. As a complementary tool, a simple genotype-dosing table, such as in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Coumadin drug label, may be utilised for general risk assessment of likely over- or under-anticoagulation on a standard dose of warfarin. This tool may be used as part of the clinical decision support for the interpretation of genetic data, serving as a first step in the anticoagulation therapy decision making process. Here we used a publicly available warfarin dosing calculator (www.warfarindosing.org) to create an expanded gene-based warfarin dosing table, the CPMC-WD table that includes nine genetic variants in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2. Using two datasets, a European American cohort (EUA, n=73) and the Quebec Warfarin Cohort (QWC, n=769), we show that the CPMC-WD table more accurately predicts therapeutic dose than the FDA table (51 % vs 33 %, respectively, in the EUA, McNemar’s two-sided p=0.02; 52 % vs 37 % in the QWC, p<1×10−6). It also outperforms both the standard of care 5 mg/day dosing (51 % vs 34 % in the EUA, p=0.04; 52 % vs 31 % in the QWC, p<1×10−6) as well as a clinical-only algorithm (51 % vs 38 % in the EUA, trend p=0.11; 52 % vs 45 % in the QWC, p=0.003). This table offers a valuable update to the PGx dosing guideline in the drug label.

Supplementary Material to this article is available at www.thrombosis-online.com.
O PROCESSO EXPIATÓRIO DE A ROSA DO POVO, DE CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE
Authors: Pasini Leandro
Published: April 2016

Este ensaio tem como objetivo estudar o tema da expiação ritual em A rosa do povo (1945), de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, por meio de cortes transversais temáticos na obra. Desse modo, culpa e autodestruição ritual, expiação noturna e morte vida das palavras se configuram como uma perspectiva de leitura sobre o significado do sujeito lírico, do tempo e da metapoesia no livro, respectivamente. Com isso, busca-se interpretar a relação entre engajamento social e reflexão sobre a forma poética em A rosa do povo no contexto da poesia modernista brasileira.
Cross Talk Pathways Between Coagulation and Inflammation
Authors: Foley Jonathan H. , Conway Edward M.
Published: April 2016

Anatomic pathology studies performed over 150 years ago revealed that excessive activation of coagulation occurs in the setting of inflammation. However, it has taken over a century since these seminal observations were made to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which these systems interact and the extent to which they participate in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. There is, in fact, extensive cross talk between coagulation and inflammation, whereby activation of one system may amplify activation of the other, a situation that, if unopposed, may result in tissue damage or even multiorgan failure. Characterizing the common triggers and pathways are key for the strategic design of effective therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight some of the key molecular interactions, some of which are already showing promise as therapeutic targets for inflammatory and thrombotic disorders.
Evolving Treatments for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Hegedus Janka , Hill Michael D.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this article is to review advances in stroke treatment in the hyperacute period. With recent evolutions of technology in the fields of imaging, thrombectomy devices, and emergency room workflow management, as well as improvement in statistical methods and study design, there have been ground breaking changes in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. We describe how stroke presents as a clinical syndrome and how imaging as the most important biomarker will help differentiate between stroke subtypes and treatment eligibility. The evolution of hyperacute treatment has led to the current standard of care: intravenous thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator and endovascular treatment for proximal vessel occlusion in the anterior cerebral circulation. All patients with acute ischemic stroke are in need of hyperacute secondary prevention because the risk of recurrence is highest closest to the index event. The dominant themes of modern stroke care are the use of neurovascular imaging and speed of diagnosis and treatment.
Low Systolic Blood Pressure and Vascular Mortality Among More Than 1 Million Korean Adults
Authors: Yi Sang-Wook , Mok Yejin , Ohrr Heechoul , Yi Jee-Jeon , Yun Young Duk , Park Jihwan , Jee Sun Ha
Published: April 2016

Background—

The association between low systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular disease is unclear, especially in nonclinical populations.

Methods and Results—

We studied 1 235 246 individuals who participated in routine medical examinations between 1992 and 1995. The hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for potential confounders. During 22.7 million person-years of follow-up, 34 816 individuals died of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. An increase in SBP was directly related to an increase in vascular mortality at SBP above ≈100 mmHg. The group with the lowest SBP (<90 mm Hg) had a higher HR for mortality from atherosclerotic vascular disease (HR, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.03) in comparison with those with an SBP of 90 to 99 mm Hg. The HR associated with the lowest SBP was 2.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.51–4.29) for ischemic heart disease and 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 0.79–1.85) for stroke. Regarding stroke subtype, mortality from hemorrhagic stroke (HR per 10 mm Hg increase, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.96), rather than mortality from ischemic stroke (HR per 10 mm Hg increase, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–1.97), was inversely associated with SBP when SBP fell to <100 mm Hg. Even when excluding the first 5 years of follow-up, the HRs associated with the lowest SBP did not decrease. The inverse association between SBP and vascular mortality in the range <100 mm Hg tended to be apparent in people aged 60 to 95 years in comparison with individuals aged 30 to 59 years.

Conclusions—

J-curve associations exist between SBP and vascular mortality, which reach a nadir at ≈100 mm Hg. SBP of <90 mm Hg may portend death from vascular disease, particularly from ischemic heart disease.
Optics in Hobbes’s Natural Philosophy
Authors: Giudice Franco
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the place that Hobbes assigns to optics in the context of his classification of sciences and disciplinary boundaries. To do this, I will begin with an account of Hobbes’s conception of philosophy or science, and particularly his distinction between true and hypothetical knowledge. I will also show that in his demarcation between mathematics or geometry and natural philosophy Hobbes was influenced by Galileo’s Dialogue. I then analyse the consequences of this distinction for optics, and conclude by clarifying its status among the scientific disciplines.
An Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Teorell Jan , Ziblatt Daniel , Lehoucq Fabrice
Published: April 2016

This article introduces a collection of papers that explore two understudied but critical questions of enduring concern for the study of democratization. Was the secret ballot driven by the same forces that drove the rise of democracy more generally? Did the secret ballot end electoral fraud, or was its effect merely endogenous to economic modernization more generally? This article provides historical context for the rise of the secret ballot, systematizing some of the complexities and ambiguities of the concept of the “secret ballot” itself. Second, we summarize the approach and some of the main findings of the papers in the volume, offering an outline of the broader lessons that emerge from the papers. Finally, we reflect upon the significance of a historical study of the secret ballot for technological and institutional reforms for contemporary democracy.
Feeling ontologically (in)secure: States, traumas and the governing of gendered space
Authors: Kinnvall Catarina
Published: April 2016

This article proceeds from a conceptual analysis of how ontological (in)security is constructed in terms of ‘security-of-being’ in which identity dynamics are explicated in socio-psychological terms. Of particular interest is how such dynamics transcend the boundaries of individual self/other constructions to define communities and states, and how these dynamics are transformed in times of trauma and crises. Narratives of everyday traumas are especially significant in creating notions of gendered space and (in)security, and for securitising subjectivities. This article thus investigates a number of theoretical propositions and developments involved in recent debates on the emotional dimension of ontological (in)security and its relationship to states, traumas and the securitisation of subjectivity. A gendered perspective of these debates allows us to analyse, and perhaps move beyond, some of the problematic aspects of the ontological security literature as originally developed by Laing and Giddens, and later on by sociologists and international relations scholars. Using the case of India as an example, the article shows how narrative reconstructions of traumas and collective memory shape gendered space and the search for ontological security, and how attempts to govern these events and practices impact on notions of gendered space and ontological insecurity.
The Spiritualization of Secular Society: The Challenge of Peace in a World of Diversity
Authors: Helminiak Daniel A.
Published: April 2016

Peace on earth is not to be expected. First, at least in its subhuman form, the law of nature is survival of the fittest, not self-deferential cooperation. Second, a philosophical consensus to provide needed epistemological agreement and ethical criteria for peace is nonexistent in the postmodern world. Third, conflicting beliefs among the world’s religions and a sharp decline in religious affiliation incapacitate the traditional agencies of support for transcendent values, including peace. Thus, the daunting challenge has become the nonreligious and even nontheological spiritualization of secular society. Only this hope remains as history forces humanity to mature: Elaborate and rely on a humanistic basis for lofty values. In evocative terms, philosophers and humanistic psychologists have narrated that hope. More incisively, Bernard Lonergan has detailed the humanistic basis of that hope: distinctively human consciousness or spirit, the self-transcending dimension of the human mind, a bimodal, quadrilevel, epistemologically and ethically normative dynamism. But no agency exists to implement this hope, and peace still, depends ultimately on elusive human goodwill. Still the empirical specification of a philosophical foundation at least provides needed guidance, which, coupled with today’s scientific, medical, psychological, and sociological technology, does sustain hope for peace.
The digital mundane: social media and the military
Authors: Maltby Sarah , Thornham Helen
Published: April 2016

This article draws on empirical data with British military personnel in order to investigate what we call the digital mundane in military life. We argue that social media and smartphone technologies within the military offer a unique environment in which to investigate the ways individuals position themselves within certain axes of institutional and cultural identities. At the same time, the convolutions, mediatory practices and mundane social media rituals that service personnel employ through their smartphones resonate widely with, for example, youth culture and digital mobile cultures. Together, they suggest complex mediations with social and mobile media that draw on and extend non-military practice into new (and increasingly normative) terrains.
The politics of religious freedom
Authors: Mahoney Jon
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to consider the prospects of a liberal conception of religious freedom in some Muslim-majority states. Part I offers a brief sketch of three approaches to religious freedom that inform my view. Part II then presents a liberal framework for religious toleration that draws ideas from Rainer Forst’s Toleration in Conflict, as well as some perennial themes in classical liberal thought. I briefly examine three case studies in Part III: the Turkish Republic; the Arab Spring states; and the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia. This is followed by a short conclusion.
Denying Psychological Properties of Girls and Prostitutes
Authors: Rubini Monica , Roncarati Alessandra , Ravenna Marcella , Albarello Flavia , Moscatelli Silvia , Semin Gün R.
Published: April 2016

This study examines the negative stereotypes of the category of women and their subcategories through the language of insults. Participants produced a list of epithets induced by the same hypothetical scenario in which the protagonist was presented either as a “prostitute” or as a “girl” (i.e., nonprostitute). Findings showed that the prostitute was addressed with taboo-related insults exaggerating sexual behavior, whereas the girl was mainly given warnings and intellectual insults. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the underlying processes.
Approach to the Management of Pediatric-Onset Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (Anti-NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Brenton J. Nicholas , Kim Joshua , Schwartz Richard H.
Published: April 2016

Anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a treatable cause of autoimmune encephalitis. It remains unclear if the natural history of this disease is altered by choice of acute therapy or the employment of chronic immunotherapy. Chart review was undertaken for pediatric patients diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Data obtained included patient demographics, disease manifestations, treatment course, and clinical outcomes. Ten patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis were identified. All patients were treated with immunotherapy in the acute period, and all patients experienced good recovery. Neurologic relapse did not occur in any patient. All patients received varied forms of chronic immunosuppression to prevent relapses. Complications of chronic immunotherapy occurred in 50% of patients. The benefits of chronic immunotherapy and the duration of use should be carefully weighed against the risks. Complications from immunotherapy are not uncommon and can be serious. Clinical trials assessing the benefit of long-term immunotherapy in this population are needed.
A Nationwide Evaluation of Services Provided to Domestic Violence Survivors at Shelters in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Muftić Lisa R. , Deljkić Irma , Fansher Ashley K.
Published: April 2016

The shelter movement in Bosnia-Herzegovina was born out of a tradition of assisting survivors of gender-based violence in the early 1990s during the Bosnian conflict. To date, nine shelters are in existence providing emergency shelter and services to survivors. Little is known about these shelters, or the clients these shelters serve. The purpose of this study is to examine what services are provided to domestic violence survivors by shelters in Bosnia-Herzegovina and who these survivors are. A total of 43 service providers from all existing shelters within the country were surveyed about shelter characteristics, client demographics, and services provided. Findings revealed that the typical Bosnian shelter had been in operation for 11 years and had assisted 64 survivors in the previous year; the majority of whom were married females with minor children who had sought shelter services before. Core services were provided by the majority of shelters, including crisis services, legal and medical advocacy, counseling, and community education. While services were provided to a diverse group of survivors (e.g., children, elderly women, victims of human trafficking), shelters were less likely to be available for male and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender survivors. Implications from these findings, as well as limitations and suggestions for further research, are discussed.
Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Experiences: Psychological and Social Well-Being Consequences for Women
Authors: Sáez Gemma , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca
Published: April 2016

Sexual objectification as a form of sexist discrimination accounts for the higher prevalence of psychological problems among women. More specifically, sexual objectification manifests itself in different ways with different intensities, in turn affecting women’s psychological well-being differently. On one hand, experiences of body evaluation are more subtle and work by perpetuating sexist attitudes among women themselves. On the other hand, more explicit forms of sexual objectification (unwanted explicit sexual advances) are linked to higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. The first study, on a sample of 343 Spanish women, aims to analyze the consequences of different forms of sexual objectification on women’s psychological well-being and the effect of sexism and enjoyment of objectification on these consequences. The second study, on a sample of 144 Spanish women, focuses on analyzing the ideological variables that have an effect on response to acts of sexist discrimination. Both studies reveal the significance of the more subtle experiences of sexual objectification as a mechanism that plays a part in keeping women in a subordinate position, where they end up feeling that this process is positive or pleasing.
Labor Epidural Analgesia and Breastfeeding
Authors: French Cynthia A. , Cong Xiaomei , Chung Keun Sam
Published: April 2016

Despite widespread use of epidural analgesia during labor, no consensus has been reached among obstetric and anesthesia providers regarding its effects on breastfeeding. The purpose of this review was to examine the relationship between labor epidural analgesia and breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for articles published in 1990 or thereafter, using the search term breastfeeding combined with epidural, labor epidural analgesia, labor analgesia, or epidural analgesia. Of 117 articles, 23 described empirical studies specific to labor epidural analgesia and measured a breastfeeding outcome. Results were conflicting: 12 studies showed negative associations between epidural analgesia and breastfeeding success, 10 studies showed no effect, and 1 study showed a positive association. Most studies were observational. Of 3 randomized controlled studies, randomization methods were inadequate in 2 and not evaluable in 1. Other limitations were related to small sample size or inadequate study power; variation and lack of information regarding type and dosage of analgesia or use of other intrapartum interventions; differences in timing, definition, and method of assessing breastfeeding success; or failure to consider factors such as mothers’ intention to breastfeed, social support, siblings, or the mother’s need to return to work or school. It is also unclear to what extent results are mediated through effects on infant neurobehavior, maternal fever, oxytocin release, duration of labor, and need for instrumental delivery. Clinician awareness of factors affecting breastfeeding can help identify women at risk for breastfeeding difficulties in order to target support and resources effectively.
Back to Borders
Authors: Novak Paolo
Published: April 2016

What is a border? Who is a migrant? The paper uses these questions to distinguish between constructivist, Marxist and postcolonial answers provided by critical border scholarship, with three aims. First, identifying common concerns and interrogating divergent trajectories, the paper offers a practical invitation to dialogue between these various positions. Second, it evidences how critical border scholarship follows a social-to-spatial analytical trajectory to answer these questions: borders and migration function as a spatial confirmation of a pre-defined ontology of the social. As this is deemed unsatisfactory, third, the paper proposes turning this analytical trajectory on its head by going back to borders, i.e. by studying the spatial manifestations of borders and migration to investigate how the social is heterogeneously configured in place-specific and embodied settings. The paper argues that what is left after these debates is the need to focus on actual social hierarchies, as opposed to epistemological ones.