bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type and degree of co-occurrence of the educational communication in a community of inquiry
Authors: Gutiérrez-Santiuste Elba , Gallego-Arrufat Maria Jesus
Published: January 2021

The study analyzes the type and quantity of co-occurrence of social, cognitive, and teaching presence in a Community of Inquiry (CoI). Content analysis of the virtual educational communication shows units of analysis that must be assigned to more than one category. By crossing the categories of the CoI model, we observe that Social Presence is involved in all of the crossings and that graphic, linguistic, and paralinguistic elements change the meaning of the communication in the social, cognitive, and teaching interaction. We demonstrate the communicative richness of the educational encounters in which Social Presence interacts with the other elements and draw conclusions about the importance of support for communication in virtual communication. We stress the need to analyze co-occurrences to achieve a full analysis of computer-mediated communication (CMC).
JALAN DAKWAH SAREKAT ISLAM
Authors: Rizkianto Anggit
Published: January 2021

Sarekat Islam sebagai suatu organisasi yang bergerak di jalan dakwah masih belum banyak dikaji, baik dalam ruang lingkup keagamaan maupun kesejarahan Indonesia. Sejauh ini, kajian mengenai Sarekat Islam banyak terfokus pada pergerakan politiknya, perjuangannya sebagai organisasi pergerakan nasio- nal, maupun kemampuannya dalam menyelesaikan konflik- konflik di internal organisasi. Maka, mengkaji Sarekat Islam melalui “kaca mata” pergerakan dakwah Islam akan menjadi kajian yang menarik dan tergolong baru. Itulah dasar pemikiran dari penulisan buku ini.
PUBLIC DEBT: NEW RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS. PART 2
Authors:   INION RAN, Semeko Galina
Published: January 2021

The crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented fiscal interventions in all affected countries, including Russia. A sharp increase in unplanned budget expenditures, in the face of a collapse of tax and export revenues, has created a threat of public finances destabilisation and debt spiral launch. The article presents expert opinions on the impact of debt growth on the economy, the threshold of debt towards GDP, and strategies that can prevent a debt crisis. Forecasts of growth in budget expenditures and public debt, as well as fiscal incentives applied in some countries are discussed.
Assessment of tooth wear and its associated factors in adult patients visiting a dental hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Rojin , Gautam S , Joshi B
Published: January 2021

Tooth wear is a universal consequence of aging. It is an irreversible, multifactorial and destructive loss of dental hard tissues caused by either a mechanical or chemical process in the absence of caries or trauma. It can be a physiological and age dependent process. The risk factors that contribute to tooth wear are diet, bruxism, environment, occupation, oral health behaviour, acid regurgitation and use of tobacco. This study was done to find out if there is an association between tooth wear and its associated factors. So that we can educate the patients about the various factors causing tooth wear and minimise it. This cross sectional study was done amongst 339 patients. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. All patients were categorised into one of the following groups: Low Tooth Wear group, Moderate Tooth Wear group, Severe Tooth Wear group based on their individual tooth wear surface scores. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and descriptive statistics were calculated. We can see that the severity of tooth wear increases with age i.e, p≤0.05 which is statistically significant. Patients with self reported tooth sensitivity (60.5%) had a higher total tooth wear score than those who didn’t (39.5%) and the result was statistically significant. The results of our study show that tooth wear is a consequence of aging and there is an association between tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity.
Livestock Movement in Gaurisankhar Valley, Dolakha, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Payaswini , Chapagain Prem Sagar
Published: January 2021

Animals are an integral part of subsistence farming system. They are considered as assets and are the source of food and manure. In mountains of Nepal, transhumance ruminant production system is practiced this practice of herding of cattle like Yak (Nak, Chauri)/ sheep has been practiced for generation in the mountains of Nepal. This study is based on household questionnaire survey, FGD and interview in Gaurishankar gaupalika shows the movement of sheep ranged from 1,200m to 4,500m elevation and the movement of Yak ranged from 2,000m to 3,500masl. The agricultural fields around the settlements are cultivated when the herds remained in high mountain pasture. After returning to the village, they are tied to the field and their waste is used for manuring the agricultural lands. The types and size of livestock has also undergone a significant change. The number of sheep and buffalo have decreased due to lack of market while the Yak farming has been gaining popularity because of increase in national and international demand for Yak products.
Morphometric Analysis of a Drainage Basin: A Study of Ghatganga River, Bajhang District, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Sandeep
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to study the morphometric characteristics of the Ghatganga basin by using Geographical information system (GIS). This analysis has shown that the relation of stream order (U) and stream number (Nu) which gives a negative linear pattern that order increases with a decreasing number of stream segment of a particular order. Different morphometric parameters such as stream length (Lu), bifurcation ratio (Rb), drainage density (D), stream frequency (Fs), texture ratio (T), elongation ratio (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), form factor ratio (Rf), relief ratio (Rh) and river profile have revealed the basin has a dendritic pattern of drainage, indicating high relief and steep ground slope with less elongated young and mature landforms in which geological structures don’t have a dominant influence on the basin.
Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of extracts from endophytic fungi Colletotrichum dianesei and Xylaria sp. isolated from Palicourea corymbifera (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Da Silva Weison Lima , Lima Laísley Martins , Nunez Cecilia Veronica
Published: January 2021

The allelopathic action can be verified by the presence of phytotoxic substances, molecules that are directed to the agribusiness sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the methanolic extracts from Colletotrichum dianesei and Xylaria sp., and phytotoxic potential on Lactuca sativa. The fungi were grown in Sabouraud liquid medium supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract, under stirring. The mycelia were subjected to solvent extraction in order of increasing polarity, but methanol extracts were used in this investigation. The allelopathic activity was evaluated at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL in quadruplicate, evaluating: percentage and speed of germination, and growth of lettuce seedlings under laboratory conditions. C. dianesei extract reduced germination percentage by 36% and delayed germination speed by 63.8%, while Xylaria sp. didn't interfere with the germination percentage, it only delayed the germination rate by 43.9%. Root growth was negatively affected in 30.5% and 51.1% under the influence of extracts from Xylaria sp. and C. dianesei, there was also a reduction of 33.1 and 31.8% in the aerial part length, respectively. The thin layer chromatography showed the presence of aromatic substances and terpenes in both extracts, and alkaloids only in C. dianesei extract. The 1H nmr spectra showed signals between 6 and 8.5 ppm (aromatic substances), being relatively more intense for Xylaria sp., signals between 3 and 4 ppm (sugars, showing anomers only for Xylaria sp.) and methyl groups between 0.7 and 1.3 ppm, suggesting terpenes. The results suggest that the fungal species evaluated have phytotoxic potential, and produce terpenes and aromatic substances.
We Have Always Been Here: Pelau MasQUEERade Disturbing Toronto Pride History
Authors: Lord R. Cassandra
Published: January 2021

This article addresses the uneasy tensions and overlaps between race, sexuality, and citizenship, by focusing on the moments when queer diasporic people of colour slip “in” and “out” of Pride Toronto—the organization that hosts the annual Toronto lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Pride Parade. Drawing on Pride Toronto’s thirtieth anniversary promotional material, released in 2010, and the organization’s 2002 five-year strategic direction plan, the author applies a queer feminist diaspora reading practice to problematize how the documents, taken together, presents Pride’s queer history in Canada, which continues to be narrated by the organization in ways that de-racialize queer subjects and invoke white gays and lesbians as central to its story. Pelau MasQUEERade, a Caribbean queer diasporic group that participates in the Pride Parade, reveals how the histories of queer diasporic people of colour are strategically appropriated and belatedly visible only in sporadic moments in the documents. Pelau MasQUEERade’s presence works to disturb normative accounts of Pride, while simultaneously opening the door to overlapping histories of queer diasporic people in the event. The group reworks Pride Toronto’s de-racialized narrative of sexuality by gesturing to the ways in which race, sexuality, and notions of citizenship operate in multiple and contradictory ways.
“Missing” Racialized Violence, Disturbing Continuities: Countertopographies of Violence in the Bruce McArthur Murders
Authors: Seitz David K.
Published: January 2021

This article argues that media coverage of the 2010–17 Toronto gay village homicides avoids one of the central patterns in the case: the murderous aggression of a white gay man, Bruce McArthur, against racialized men, most of them from the Middle East or South Asia. It argues that even coverage that is sensitive to intersectionality tends to treat race, class, and immigration status as secondary to sexual orientation, making racialized queer migrants a “sub-group” of a normatively white lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer community. The article calls for sustained engagement with the specific, racialized character of much of the violence in the McArthur case. With inspiration from queer diasporic, transnational feminist, and feminist geographical methods, it points to continuities between McArthur’s racialized violence and the effects of Canadian white supremacy, imperialism, and capitalist inequality on Afghan and Sri Lankan refugees across diasporas. These effects notably include Canada’s 2002–14 role in the occupation of Afghanistan and the 2010 detainment of Sri Lankan Tamil passengers on the MV Sun Sea. The article concludes that critical reckoning with racialized violence as racialized violence is crucial to any hope of reparation in the wake of the McArthur case.
Our Lives: Scribal Activism, Intimacy, and Black Lesbian Visibility in 1980s Canada
Authors: Wallace Belinda Deneen
Published: January 2021

What is at stake when queer Black women dare to make tangible their longings to belong? More importantly, what is at stake when they dare to do something about those desires? This article explores Canada’s first Black women’s newspaper, Our Lives, as part of a Black, feminist, scribal activism tradition in Canada. Through the trope of intimacy, this article investigates the counter-narratives found in Our Lives and employs them as a means to gain insights into 1980s queer Black women’s experiences. More precisely, intimacy is used to highlight the importance of scribal activism in bringing forth Black lesbian visibility as both a political and personal enterprise. Consequently, we are able to gain knowledge about the ways in which these counter-narratives gave not only visibility but also voice and validation to queer Black women.
Skin as Ecstatic Surface: Listening to Queer Diaspora in the work of Patrick Cruz
Authors: Mecija Casey
Published: January 2021

Patrick Cruz is a Toronto-based painter whose artistic practice is informed by his experience of migrating from the Philippines to Canada. The Filipinx diaspora in Canada is large but often not given adequate attention in queer theories of nationhood. This article makes the argument that the textures or “skin” of Patrick Cruz’s canvases are an extension of his interior world and insist on the complex psychic, corporeal, and sonic contours of Filipinx migration and diasporic subjectivity in Canada. It proposes a queer theory of listening to suggest that Cruz’s paintings are important for their expression of Filipinx diaspora. Bringing sound studies to bear on notions of skin, surface, and queer affect, this article makes the case that when one listens closely to a painting a new intimacy with the work and the Filipinx artist is forged. Central to arguments made is scholarship produced in the fields of queer diaspora studies and Filipinx studies.
Une perspective canadienne sur le retrait définitif de l’homosexualité du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux : un entretien avec Pierre Ritchie, Ph.D.
Authors: Daigle Marie-Pierre
Published: January 2021

Entre 1952 et 1987, l’Association américaine de psychiatrie a catégorisé l’homosexualité de trouble mental sous différentes formes au sein du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM). Ce système de classification des troubles psychologiques est régi par l’Association américaine de psychiatrie. Bien que cette dernière chapeaute le DSM, l’Association américaine de psychologie est l’une des parties prenantes impliquées dans sa révision. Le DSM est utilisé autant par les psychiatres que les psychologues aux États-Unis et au Canada. Ainsi, ces institutions ont contribué à perpétuer des préjugés sur les personnes gaies et lesbiennes dans ces deux pays. Bien que l’homosexualité ait été retirée du DSM-II en 1973, elle a été remplacée, jusqu’en 1987, par une série de diagnostics qui ont contribué à voir l’homosexualité comme pathologique. Alors que des psychiatres américains ayant contribué au retrait de l’homosexualité du DSM-II en 1973 ont été interviewés, aucun entretien n’a été mené auprès de représentants canadiens, qu’ils soient psychiatres ou psychologues, en ce qui concerne la période des années 1980. Cet entretien représente une archive historique importante de l’histoire queer au Canada. Le Dr Ritchie, psychologue, commente le déroulement des débats ayant eu lieu au sein de l’Association américaine de psychologie sur le retrait définitif de tout diagnostic lié à l’homosexualité du DSM. À l’époque, le Dr Ritchie était le seul représentant canadien au Conseil des représentants de l’Association américaine de psychologie. Sa situation unique lui permet de rapporter les prises de position et les débats ayant eu lieu de chaque côté de la frontière. Il discute également des efforts de plaidoyer de l’Association américaine de psychologie avant le retrait du diagnostic et les ressources qui ont ensuite été déployées par celle-ci afin de sensibiliser les professionnels de la santé mentale aux mesures à prendre à la suite du retrait du diagnostic.
THE OBJECT TRACKING ALGORITHM USING DIMENSIONAL BASED DETECTION FOR PUBLIC STREET ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Matveev I. G.
Published: January 2021

The paper proposes an approach to object tracking for public street environments using dimensional based object detection algorithm. Besides the tracking functionality, the proposed algorithm improves the detection accuracy of the dimensional based object detection algorithm. The proposed tracking approach uses detection information obtained from multiple cameras which are structured as a mesh network. Conducted experiments performed in a real-world environment have shown 10 to 40 percent higher detection accuracy that has proved the proposed concept. The tracking algorithm requires negligible computational resources that make the algorithm especially applicable for low-performance Internet of things infrastructure.
PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION WITH INDIVIDUALLY BIASED PARTICLES FOR RELIABLE AND ROBUST MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING UNDER PARTIAL SHADING CONDITIONS
Authors:   National Company ", Baktybekov K. ,   Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary",   , Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2021

Efficient power control techniques are an integral part of photovoltaic system design. One of the means of managing power delivery is regulating the duty cycle of the DC to DC converter by various algorithms to operate only at points where power is maximum power point. Search has to be done as fast as possible to minimize power loss, especially under dynamically changing irradiance. The challenge of the task is the nonlinear behavior of the PV system under partial shading conditions. Depending on the size and structure of the photovoltaic panels, PSC creates an immense amount of possible P-V curves with numerous local maximums - requiring an intelligent algorithm for determining the optimal operating point. Existing benchmark maximum power point tracking algorithms cannot handle multiple peaks, and in this paper, we offer an adaptation of particle swarm optimization for the specific task.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemilihan Kontrasepsi Tubektomi Wanita Usia Subur
Authors: Utami Istri , Trimuryani Efi
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the selection of tubectomy contraception in women of childbearing age. The type of this research is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach. The results of the study of 72 female respondents of childbearing age showed that the factor that was proven to be related to the choice of tubectomy contraception was Parity (p = 0.021). While the unrelated factors are Age (p = 0.732), Education (p = 0.896), and Knowledge (p = 0.086). In conclusion, the factors that have been proving to be related to the choice of tubectomy contraception is parity, whereas unrelated factors are age, education, and knowledge.

Keywords: Contraception, Tubectomy, Fertile Age Women
Pemberdayaan Ibu untuk Perbaikan Pola Konsumsi Ikan terhadap Peningkatan Asupan Protein, Kalsium, Zink dan Z-Score Tinggi Badan Menurut Umur pada Anak Stunting
Authors: Martony Oslida , Lestrina Dini , Amri Zul
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal empowerment on improving fish consumption patterns to increase protein intake, calcium, zinc, and Z-score height by age when stunting children. The type of this research is Quasi-Experimental with pre and post-test control group design. The results showed an increase in maternal knowledge, increased intake of protein, calcium, and zinc as well as an increase in TB scores / After the intervention in the case group, compared to the control group, there were no differences in protein, calcium intake and Z-score TB / U, an increase in maternal empowerment increased intake of children stunting and the same as intake of children not stunting. Conclusion There is a significant difference in the average value of protein intake, calcium, zinc, and Z-score before and after providing maternal empowerment interventions to improve fish consumption patterns in children aged 13-36 months.

 

Keywords: Intake, Calcium, Maternal Empowerment, Protein, Zinc, Stunting, Z-Score TB / U
Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Siswa SD sebagai Kader Cilik Pengawas Jajanan Anak Sekolah melalui Pelatihan
Authors: Martony Oslida
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the training in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of elementary school students as a cadre of school hawker supervisors in Lubuk Pakam. The method in this study uses the action research method, using the student facilitator and explaining the training model. The results of the empowerment research with the student facilitator and teaching training model can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the young cadres, there are significant differences in the values of knowledge, attitudes and activities based on cycle I namely (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001), and in the second cycle (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001). In conclusion, the training carried out on Muhammadiyah elementary school students is useful as a cadre of child food supervisors of school snacks.

 

Keywords: Snacks for School Children, Young Cadres, Knowledge, Behavior, Attitudes
Persepsi Perilaku Caring oleh Perawat Berhubungan dengan Stres Kerja
Authors: Umam Roisul
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the relationship between nurses' job stress and perceptions of caring behavior. The method in this study used a correlation analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach. The analysis results using the Spearman correlation test obtained the calculated r-value of 0.876 and a significance value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.001 (<0.05). In conclusion, nurses' work stress has a significant relationship with the perception of caring behavior at RSI Sakinah Mojokerto.

 

Keywords: Nurse, Perceptions of Caring Behavior, Stress
Perangkat Edukasi Pasien dan Keluarga dengan Media Booklet (Studi Kasus Self-Care Diabetes Melitus)
Authors: Pranata Lilik , Indaryati Sri , Daeli Novita Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to see the effect of education with the booklet on self-care diabetes knowledge. The method in this research is quantitative research with one group pretest-posttest queasy experimental design. The results showed that the Wilcoxon statistical test obtained p-value = 0.000 <0.05, which means a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test knowledge of 22 respondents. The average change in intervention before the intervention was 12.80, and intervention was 16.32. In conclusion, patient and family education using booklets provides a shift in knowledge of diabetes mellitus self-care.

 

Keywords: Booklet, Diabetes Mellitus, Knowledge, Personal Care
ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA SÍFILIS GESTACIONAL E SUA PREVALÊNCIA EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Damiana Maria Minhaqui da Conceição , Joyce Santana do Nascimento , Angela Maria Leal de Moraes Vieira
Published: January 2021

A sífilis, causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, transmitida através da relação sexual e também de forma vertical (mãe-filho), sofre influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos para a não adesão do tratamento em virtude da ausência ou do início tardio do pré-natal, como é o caso do município de Recife, no estado de Pernambuco. Nesta visão, o objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar a relação do perfil epidemiológico da sífilis gestacional (SG) no município de Recife e a influência das principais variáveis encontradas. Tratando-se de um estudo de carácter descritivo, a análise dos dados ocorreu a partir de dados secundários com base no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN. O universo foi composto pela região do município de Recife-Pe, dispondo critérios de inclusão apenas mulheres acometidas, sendo excluídos as demais classificações da doença, outras localidades não correspondentes a região em estudo e anos anteriores a 2009 no Sinan. Após a coleta e análise dos dados entre os anos de 2009-2019, a variável relacionada a faixa etária da SG no município do Recife demonstrou uma maior prevalência de casos entre 20 a 29 anos de idade. A idade gestacional apresentou uma grande necessidade para a detecção oportuna das mulheres acometidas, sendo observado no 1º trimestre uma taxa de detecção de apenas 52 casos em 2019, diferentemente do que acontece no 3º trimestre do mesmo ano, o qual apresentou o registro de 177 casos. Quanto ao padrão raça/cor da pele, houve a maior prevalência entre mulheres autodeclaradas pardas, apresentando o total de 1.396 casos. Com relação ao nível de escolaridade, foi possível notar que quanto maior o nível escolaridade, menor o número de mulheres gestantes diagnosticadas com sífilis. Já a notificação de acordo com a classificação clínica, o estágio primário da doença foi apontado como o de maior registro de notificação, correspondendo a um total de 639 casos. Dessa forma, pode-se perceber que o registro de casos notificados no ano de 2019 apresentou uma queda em comparação ao ano de 2018. Assim, são necessárias a captação precoce e a adesão da gestante ao pré-natal, assim como uma assistência de qualidade, fazendo com que haja a continuidade da redução dos casos de gestantes com sífilis no município de Recife-PE.
Data Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) For Business Leaders post COVID-19 Outbreak: A COSTA-webQDA Technique Proposition
Authors: Costa King
Published: January 2021

Business leaders with aptitude for using data intelligibly will be able to perform better post COVID-19 outbreak era (McAfee & Brynjolfsson, 2012). Businesses can no longer ignore the role data plays in making crucial decisions about the next major step to be taken, particularly during the time of disaster or facing potential threats resulting from COVID-19 or similar occurrences. Data informed decision-making will be beneficial to leaders who need to be at the vanguard of knowledge generation within the realm of ideation. COSTA Technique on the webQDA software provides organisations with cutting-edge technology using mix-media applications and web-based strategies to keep up with current trends, insights and muti-perspectival stakeholder analysis in real-time with high levels of efficiency and integrity. This paper presents ideas adapted to the capabilities framework developed by Jia, Hall and Song (2015), addressing five key dimensions in decision-making, such as data governance, data analytics, insights exploitation, performance management and data integration. Using the COSTA Model technique with webQDA, we present how large volumes of textual data, also known and referred to as “big qualitative data” may be transformed to structured, coherent, meaningful and timely decision-making enablers.
Wiersze Tomasza Augusta Olizarowskiego (Ze zbiorów Ukraińskiej Biblioteki Narodowej im. Wołodymyra Wernadskiego w Kijowie
Authors: Nowacki Albert Sławomir
Published: January 2021

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono sylwetkę polskiego romantyka, przedstawiciela „ukraińskiej szkoły” w literaturze polskiej, a zarazem wybitnego działacza społeczno-kulturalnego na emigracji, Tomasza Augusta Olizarowskiego. W pierwszej części pracy autor przedstawia wybrane elementy biografii pisarza, jego sylwetkę twórczą oraz najważniejsze dzieła literackie. Druga część niniejszego artykułu zawiera rozważania na temat rękopisu wierszy, odnalezionego w Dziale Rękopisów Ukraińskiej Biblioteki Narodowej im. Wołodymyra Wernadskiego w Kijowie. Konfrontacja znaleziska z istniejącym stanem wiedzy pozwoliła na skorygowanie kilku nieścisłości, zwłaszcza odnośnie do tytułów wspomnianych wierszy. Praca stanowi skromny wkład do badań nad spuścizną literacką T.A. Olizarowskiego.
Lwów wieku XX-XXI. Dorastanie i konflikt pokoleń w dobie przemian społecznych i rewolucji (na podstawie "Domu z witrażem" Żanny Słoniowskiej
Authors: Jakubowska-Krawczyk Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

W artykule przeanalizowano powieść Żanny Słoniowskiej Dom z witrażem pod kątem relacji pomiędzy zamieszkującymi go czterema pokoleniami kobiet. Skoncentrowano się na procesie kształtowania się tożsamości najmłodszej bohaterki. Przeanalizowano wpływ, jaki wywarły na nią doświadczenia terroru i wojny, które spotkały jej prababkę i babkę, a także zaangażowanie polityczne oraz śmierć matki. Poszukiwano także odpowiedzi na pytanie o miejsce, jakie w procesie kształtowania się jej tożsamości zajmuje Lwów i jego pejzaż semantyczny.
Olfactory Identification in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jobin Benoît , Zahal Rayane , Bussières Eve-Line , Frasnelli Johannes , Boller Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Background:

Recently, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been considered to be one of the first signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since this potential early marker is sensitive but not specific to AD, combining it with other markers could ensure higher accuracy when predicting which persons with SCD will convert to AD. Since olfactory dysfunction is observable in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), it is a promising marker that could help improve the early diagnosis of AD.

Objective:

The aim of this meta-analysis was to verify whether the presence of SCD is associated with a decrease in olfactory identification ability.

Methods:

We collected articles from the following databases: PsychNet, PubMed, Ebsco, and ProQuest using the keywords: “SCD”, “subjective cognitive decline”, “subjective cognitive impairment”, “subjective memory impairment”, “subjective memory decline”, “cognitive complaints”, “memory complaints”, “cognitive concerns”, “memory concerns”, “olfac*” and “smell”. We included articles according to the following criteria: 1) participants aged 50 and over; 2) presence of an SCD group or a conceptual equivalent; 3) presence of a healthy control group with the same age range; and 4) assessment of olfactory identification ability.

Results:

Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Small and homogeneous effects were observed for olfactory identification alteration in individuals with SCD relative to controls ( g = –0.16, 95% CI [–0.46, 0.14]).

Conclusion:

Despite the low number of studies included, the findings suggest that odor identification is slightly altered in SCD compared to healthy older adults. This alteration in individuals with SCD could be an early marker of AD.
AD Resemblance Atrophy Index as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Retrospective Clinical and Biological Validation
Authors: Mai Yingren , Yu Qun , Zhu Feiqi , Luo Yishan , Liao Wang , Zhao Lei , Xu Chunyan , Fang Wenli , Ruan Yuting , Cao Zhiyu , Lei Ming , Au Lisa , Mok Vincent C.T. , Shi Lin , Liu Jun
Published: January 2021

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides objective information about brain structural atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This multi-structural atrophic information, when integrated as a single differential index, has the potential to further elevate the accuracy of AD identification from normal control (NC) compared to the conventional structure volumetric index.

Objective:

We herein investigated the performance of such an MRI-derived AD index, AD-Resemblance Atrophy Index (AD-RAI), as a neuroimaging biomarker in clinical scenario.

Method:

Fifty AD patients (19 with the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) results assessed in cerebrospinal fluid) and 50 age- and gender-matched NC (19 with ATN results assessed using positron emission tomography) were recruited in this study. MRI-based imaging biomarkers, i.e., AD-RAI, were quantified using AccuBrain®. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of these MRI-based imaging biomarkers were evaluated with the diagnosis result according to clinical criteria for all subjects and ATN biological markers for the subgroup.

Results:

In the whole groups of AD and NC subjects, the accuracy of AD-RAI was 91%, sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 96%, respectively, and the AUC was 92%. In the subgroup of 19 AD and 19 NC with ATN results, AD-RAI results matched completely with ATN classification. AD-RAI outperforms the volume of any single brain structure measured.

Conclusion:

The finding supports the hypothesis that MRI-derived composite AD-RAI is a more accurate imaging biomarker than individual brain structure volumetry in the identification of AD from NC in the clinical scenario.
Lateralized Deficits in Motor, Sensory, and Olfactory Domains in Dementia
Authors: Schonfeld Ethan , Schonfeld Elan , Aman Casey , Gill Navroop , Kim Dami , Rabin Sydney , Shamshuddin Bushraa , Sealey Lloyd , Senno Ricardo Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Background:

There exist functional deficits in motor, sensory, and olfactory abilities in dementias. Measures of these deficits have been discussed as potential clinical markers.

Objective:

We measured the deficit of motor, sensory, and olfactory functions on both the left and right body side, to study potential body lateralizations.

Methods:

This IRB-approved study (N = 84) performed left/right clinical tests of gross motor (dynamometer test), sensory (Von Frey test), and olfactory (peppermint oil test) ability. The Mini-Mental Status Exam was administered to determine level of dementia; medical and laboratory data were collected.

Results:

Sensory and olfactory deficits lateralized to the left side of the body, while motor deficits lateralized to the right side. We found clinical correlates of motor lateralization: female, depression, MMSE <15, and diabetes. While clinical correlates of sensory lateralization: use of psychotherapeutic agent, age ≥85, MMSE <15, and male. Lastly, clinical correlates of olfactory lateralization: age <85, number of medications >10, and male.

Conclusion:

These lateralized deficits in body function can act as early clinical markers for improved diagnosis and treatment. Future research should identify correlates and corresponding therapies to strengthen at-risk areas.
Seeding-Competent Tau in Gray Matter Versus White Matter of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
Authors: Wu Ruozhen , Gu Jianlan , Zhou Dingwei , Tung Yunn Chyn , Jin Nana , Chu Dandan , Hu Wen , Wegiel Jerzy , Gong Cheng-Xin , Iqbal Khalid , Liu Fei
Published: January 2021

Background:

Neurofibrillary pathology of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau spreads along neuroanatomical connections, underlying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The propagation of tau pathology to axonally connected brain regions inevitably involves trafficking of seeding-competent tau within the axonal compartment of the neuron.

Objective:

To determine the seeding activity of tau in cerebral gray and white matters of AD.

Methods:

Levels of total tau, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and SDS- and β-mercaptoethanol–resistant high molecular weight tau (HMW-tau) in crude extracts from gray and white matters of AD frontal lobes were analyzed by immuno-blots. Tau seeding activity was quantitatively assessed by measuring RIPA buffer–insoluble tau in HEK-293FT/tau151-391 cells treated with brain extracts.

Results:

We found a comparable level of soluble tau in gray matter versus white matter of control brains, but a higher level of soluble tau in gray matter than white matter of AD brains. In AD brains, tau is hyperphosphorylated in both gray and white matters, with a higher level in the former. The extracts of both gray and white matters of AD brains seeded tau aggregation in HEK-293FT/tau151–391 cells but the white matter showed less potency. Seeding activity of tau in brain extracts was positively correlated with the levels of tau hyperphosphorylation and HMW-tau. RIPA-insoluble tau, but not RIPA-soluble tau, was hyperphosphorylated tau at multiple sites.

Conclusion:

Both gray and white matters of AD brain contain seeding-competent tau that can template aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, but the seeding potency is markedly higher in gray matter than in white matter.
Potential Impacts of Extreme Heat and Bushfires on Dementia
Authors: Farugia Taya L. , Cuni-Lopez Carla , White Anthony R.
Published: January 2021

Australia often experiences natural disasters and extreme weather conditions such as: flooding, sandstorms, heatwaves, and bushfires (also known as wildfires or forest fires). The proportion of the Australian population aged 65 years and over is increasing, alongside the severity and frequency of extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. Extreme heat can affect the entire population but particularly at the extremes of life, and patients with morbidities. Frequently identified as a vulnerable demographic in natural disasters, there is limited research on older adults and their capacity to deal with extreme heat and bushfires. There is a considerable amount of literature that suggests a significant association between mental disorders such as dementia, and increased vulnerability to extreme heat. The prevalence rate for dementia is estimated at 30%by age 85 years, but there has been limited research on the effects extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals living with dementia. This review explores the differential diagnosis of dementia, the Australian climate, and the potential impact Australia’s extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals from vulnerable communities including low socioeconomic status Indigenous and Non-Indigenous populations living with dementia, in both metropolitan and rural communities. Furthermore, we investigate possible prevention strategies and provide suggestions for future research on the topic of Australian bushfires and heatwaves and their impact on people living with dementia. This paper includes recommendations to ensure rural communities have access to appropriate support services, medical treatment, awareness, and information surrounding dementia.
Life with Parkinson’s Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Pressure Is “OFF”
Authors: HØrmann Thomsen Trine , Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Winge Kristian , Bergquist Filip
Published: January 2021

People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) have been suggested to be more vulnerable to negative psychological and psycho-social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in PwP. A Danish/Swedish cohort of 67 PwP was analysed. Health-related quality of life (HRQL), depression, anxiety, apathy, sleep and motor symptom-scores were included in the analysis. Additionally, the Danish participants provided free-text descriptions of life during the pandemic. Overall, the participants reported significantly better HRQL during the COVID-19 period compared with before. Reduced social pressure may be part of the explanation. Despite worsened anxiety, night sleep improved.
Digital Health Technology to Measure Drug Efficacy in Clinical Trials for Parkinson’s Disease: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Sacks Leonard , Kunkoski Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Digital health technology (DHT), including wearable and environmental sensors, video cameras and other electronic tools, has provided new opportunities for the measurement of movement and functionality in Parkinson’s disease. Compared to current standards for evaluation of the disease (MDS-UPDRS), DHT may offer new possibilities for more frequent objective measurements of the duration, severity and frequency of disease manifestations over time, that may provide more information than periodic clinic visits. However, DHT measurements are only scientifically and medically useful if they are accurate, reliable and clinically meaningful. Verification and validation, also known as analytical validation and clinical validation, of DHT performance is important to ensure the accuracy and precision of measurements, and the specificity of findings. Given the wide range of clinical manifestations associated with Parkinson’s disease and the many tools and metrics to assess them, the challenge is to identify those that may represent a standard for use in clinical trials, and to confirm when digital measurements succeed or fall short of capturing meaningful benefits during drug development.
Attitudes toward people with physical disabilities: An examination of social context, discipline, disability type, and demographics
Authors: Kalargyrou Valentini , Pettinico William , Chen Po-Ju
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of studies examining attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWDs) in a workplace context, little is known about attitudes in other social contexts such as dating and marriage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is threefold. First, the study seeks to examine how social context (i.e., work, dating, marriage) influences attitudes toward people with physical disabilities (PWPDs). Second, it examines potential influence of participant characteristics (i.e., gender, major, disability education, and frequency of contact). Third, it explores whether attitudes vary across different disability types. METHODS: To measure the influence of social context on attitudes toward PWPDs, the study used the Disability Social Relationship Scale (DSR), which was completed by 395 undergraduate students in Austria. RESULTS: Participants demonstrate more positive attitudes toward PWPDs in the workplace than in the social contexts of dating and marriage. Participants who had more frequent contact with PWDs (i.e., in a workplace/service setting or in a personal relationship) demonstrate more positive attitudes toward PWPDs. Participants have more positive attitudes toward some disability types (i.e., deafness/hardness of hearing) than others (blindness/visual impairment). CONCLUSION: We offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at creating awareness of biases toward PWDs while promoting social justice.
The development and validation of the workplace acceptance scale: Evidence from a sample of workers with disabilities
Authors: Vornholt Katharina , Uitdewilligen Sjir , van Ruitenbeek Gemma , Zijlstra Fred
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Recent trends in demographics and the labor market, such as an aging workforce, bring forth a significant societal transformation and force organizations to conform to new circumstances. Diversity management strategies may help to counteract negative outcomes of these developments. However, organizational diversity triggers various reactions among the established workforce, evoking positive as well as negative social dynamics. OBJECTIVE: In order to better understand the dynamics that arise from workplace diversity, specifically from workplace disability, the present paper outlines the development of an eleven-item measure of perceived workplace acceptance. METHODS: Three independent samples of employees with disabilities (including multisource data) were used to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the scale. RESULTS: The scale shows good psychometric properties and exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses indicate that workplace acceptance is a unidimensional construct. The study shows that the scale is significantly related to constructs such as health and productivity, self-esteem, intent to leave, motivation, organizational commitment, and attitudes of colleagues, providing evidence for criterion-related validity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the present study provides evidence for the validity of the Workplace Acceptance Scale and suggests that the workplace acceptance construct has important implications for both individuals with disabilities and groups of colleagues.
Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of job-seeking self-efficacy scale for people with disabilities: A preliminary study
Authors: Cheung Mike K.T. , Chan Sam C.C.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is a key psychosocial factor influencing the outcome of vocational rehabilitation programs. There is lack of a validated job-seeking self-efficacy measure for Chinese persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Job-Seeking Self-Efficacy Scale (C-JSS) developed by Barlow, Wright, and Cullen (2002) and to examine its psychometric properties using a Chinese sample of persons with disabilities. METHODS: JSS was first translated into Chinese and reviewed by vocational rehabilitation practitioners and persons with disabilities. Ninety-seven Chinese participants with disabilities were recruited to fill in the questionnaire of JSS and other questions. The internal consistency, structural and coverage validities of C-JSS were evaluated. RESULTS: C-JSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95) and unidimensional factorial structure. For concurrent validity, there were significant correlations between C-JSS with the score of WHODAS 2.0 (p = 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), job-seeking behavior (p = 0.031), and self-reported professional skills (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that C-JSS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the self-efficacy of job-seeking behavior among a Chinese sample of persons with disabilities.
Assessing employers’ stigmatizing attitudes toward people with disabilities: A brief report
Authors: Bezyak Jill , Iwanaga Kanako , Moser Erin , Chan Fong
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are one of the most marginalized groups in society, and having a disability significantly increases the likelihood of unemployment or underemployment. The reluctance to hire individuals with disabilities is significantly influenced by the longstanding, negative stereotypes of people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To better understand employers’ negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, assessment tools must properly capture factors contributing to this stigma. METHODS: The Employers’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities Scale (ESATPD) was validated in the current study. RESULTS: Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate a strong, unidimensional structure of the scale accounting for 47.14% of the total variance with a sample. The single ESATPD factor was labeled employment stigma. In addition, higher levels of employers’ stigma were related to negative attitudes toward disability, decreased support of recruitment efforts, as well as decreased intentions of hiring people with disabilities. CONCLUSION: Results support the implementation of tailored interventions directed at specific areas of concern for employers and employees in hiring positions.
Spontaneous intestinal perforation associated with premature twin infants
Authors: Prasad U. , Mohnani A. , Hussain N.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: Identify perinatal risk factors associated with SIP STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective case-control study of SIP in infants born at ≤28 weeks of gestation and admitted between 1995 and 2016 at a tertiary care NICU. Infants with NEC or other GI abnormalities were excluded. Cases of SIP were matched with gestational age-matched controls with the closest birth date. Maternal, infant and birth related factors were evaluated using univariate analyses and significant factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. RESULT: 25 cases of SIP were matched with 25 controls. No maternal factors reached statistical significance. Being one of twins increased the odds of SIP 29-fold. Birth-order or weight-discrepancy in twin had no association of SIP within twin pairs. CONCLUSION: Twins are at significantly higher risk for SIP. The association of SIP and twin gestation was independent of previously reported risk factors of perinatal indomethacin or magnesium sulfate and merits further study.