bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mechanical properties of Al2O3‐cBN‐hBN composites and identification of main influencing factors
Authors: Wu Jiakun , Wang Haikuo , Zhang Zhicai , Hou Zhiqiang , Wu Dazhuan , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: August 2022

Al2O3‐cBN‐hBN self‐lubricating ceramics were synthesized by using a high‐pressure sintering method. The mapping relationships between sintering thermodynamic conditions, component content, and mechanical properties were established using the response surface method. The main factors influencing the mechanical properties are clarified. The formation mechanism of the excellent mechanical properties is explained. It is found that the undesired phase transformation from cBN to soft hBN can be effectively inhibited by using a low‐temperature and high‐pressure sintering process. Sintering temperatures improve the relative densities and elastic modulus of self‐lubricating ceramic but have little effect on the hardness and fracture toughness. cBN content is the main factor affecting the mechanical properties of the composites. The microcracks developed during the high‐pressure sintering process contribute to the fracture toughness of the composites.
Experimental additive manufacturing of green body of SiC/Graphite functionally graded materials by stereolithography
Authors: Ueta Shohei , Imai Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Masashi , Segawa Tomoomi , Yan Xing L.
Published: August 2022

Ceramic stereolithography (CSL)‐additive manufacturing (AM) technology is used to create a functionally graded ceramic (FGC) green body made of silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite. For the SiC/graphite FGC, the mixing parameters of ceramics powders and ultraviolet (UV) curing resin are improved, and correlations of the resultant slurry curing depth with integrated light intensity are discovered. Therefore, the SiC/graphite FGC‐produced green body has no flaws, pores, or cracks on its surfaces. According to the association between cure depth and integrated light density for each slurry's composition, several interfacial collapses discovered in a cracked cross‐section might be decreased.
Writing challenges, causes, and strategies to facilitate the doctoral dissertation‐writing process: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Shaban , Moghees Amnah
Published: August 2022

This study grows out of the absence of literature on an in‐depth understanding of dissertation‐writing challenges, facilitating strategies, and causes to develop a more profound understanding of Pakistani doctoral students. This is primarily qualitative research. One of the largest private universities was selected as a case to collect the data. The data were based on 12 Pakistani doctoral dissertations, 49 evaluation reports from 13 countries, mainly from the state‐run universities, and a survey questionnaire responded to by 12 PhD graduates. The data were codified for commonly emerging categories and themes based on the methodological approach of Clarke and Braun (2017). The data revealed that the doctoral students faced challenges concerning mechanics of writing, developing an argument in a coherent whole, and structural organization of the dissertation. The examiners recommended the doctoral students to copyedit/proofread the dissertation to overcome mechanics of writing problems, build the argument logically, use formal language, write transition sentences to knit the texts coherently, embed citations to support the claims, and uniform the structure of the dissertation. Five causes of writing difficulties emerged from the survey questions. Despite a mismatch between the academic resources and research support provided to Pakistani doctoral students, their research work is deemed par with foreign universities, which encourage native‐like English. It is hoped that this study will help doctoral students improve their dissertation‐writing quality.
Stability of doped zirconia under extreme conditions: Toward long‐term and secure storage of radioactive waste
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Weiss Stephan , Hennig Christoph
Published: August 2022

Extreme temperatures and pressures were applied to systems based on stabilized zirconia, ZrO2, doped with Ce4+ ions as surrogate for tetravalent Actinides in order to conclude on their long‐term stability in deep geological underground. Both tetragonal and cubic yttrium‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) exhibit excellent phase and structural stabilities up to 1150 K. In addition, incorporated guest Ce4+ did not show any increase in their mobility at elevated temperatures. Application of external pressure did not induce any structural or phase changes in cubic YSZ doped with 5 at.% Ce as well. However, a corresponding tetragonal analog with lower yttrium content exhibits a second‐order phase transition toward higher cubic symmetry around 9 GPa. Remarkably, no discharge of the guest Ce4+ ions was observed throughout the transition and further upon increase in pressure. This together with T‐dependent data indicates excellent affinity of guest Ce atoms with the host YSZ matrices. The parent YSZ phases are, therefore, promising candidates as host materials for long‐term underground immobilization for radiotoxic tetravalent elements like U, Th, or Pu.
Fabrication and characteristics of Ce‐doped Y3Fe5O12 ceramics by hot‐press sintering with oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Tao Jianwei , Zou Shun , He Daihua , Zeng Xia , Qiu Pingsun , Ling Liang , He Xiyun
Published: August 2022

Infrared transparent Ce‐doped Y3Fe5O12 (Ce: YIG, CexY3‐xFe5O12, x = 0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.36) ceramics were successfully produced by the solid‐state reaction using a hot‐press sintering process from the Y2O3, Fe2O3, and CeO2 powders. The phase structure, microstructure, infrared transmittance, and magnetic and magneto‐optical properties of the Ce‐doped Y3Fe5O12 ceramics were measured and analyzed. The in‐line transmittances of the Ce‐doped Y3Fe5O12 ceramics with the x = 0, 0.12, 0.24 (L = 0.5 mm) at 1550 nm were about 72%, 66.5%, and 57.6%, respectively. In the state of saturation magnetization, the Faraday rotation angle per centimeter (θF) of CexY3‐xFe5O12 (x = 0, 0.12, 0.24) ceramics measured by the light extinction method was 182.5, −410.4, and −958.3 deg./cm, respectively. The change of the θF was about −142.5 deg./cm when per 1at.% Ce was substituted in the dodecahedral site of YIG materials. The (Ce0.24Y2.76)Fe5O12 ceramics were determined as the optimized composition for its excellent infrared optical and magneto‐optical properties.
Ca3Mn2O7‐layered perovskites: Effects of La‐ and Y‐doping on phase stability, microstructure, and thermoelectric transport
Authors: Azulay Amram , Leibovitz Tohar , Natanzon Yuriy , Zabari Or , Amouyal Yaron
Published: August 2022

We investigate phase stability, microstructure, and thermoelectric transport of polycrystalline bulk Ca3−xRxMn2O7 samples prepared by standard solid‐state reaction, where R = Y or La and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33. Ab‐initio calculations predict that Y‐doping at Ca‐sites should reduce the potential energy barrier for electron transport, as opposed to La‐doping. We find that Y‐doping prompts transformation from Ca3Mn2O7 to Ca2MnO4, whereas La‐doping is accompanied by no phase transformation. La‐doping significantly hinders grain growth, for example, the average grain size decreases from 4.44 ± 0.24 to 1.20 ± 0.03 μm for x = 0 (undoped) and x = 0.33 upon La‐doping, respectively. Electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients are measured for the temperature range of 300–1300 K, and analyzed in terms of the small polaron hopping model. We find that Y‐doping reduces the activation energy for conduction compared to La‐doping, for example, 43 and 63 meV, respectively. This suggests that Y reduces the energy barrier for polaron transport, in accordance with computational predictions. This trend is further supported by calculations of selected electronic, structural, and vibrational properties, highlighting the intriguing correlation between electronic transport governed by small polarons and elastic properties, thereby shedding light on charge transport and thermoelectric properties of such layered perovskites.
Antimicrobial betalains
Authors: Wijesinghe Vindya Nilakshi , Choo Wee Sim
Published: August 2022

Betalains are nitrogen-containing plant pigments that can be red-violet (betacyanins) or yellow-orange (betaxanthins), currently employed as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic sectors. Betalains exhibit antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microbes including multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as single-species and dual-species biofilm-producing bacteria, which is highly significant given the current antimicrobial resistance issue reported by The World Health Organization. Research demonstrating antiviral activity against dengue virus, in silico studies including SARS-CoV-2, and anti-fungal effects of betalains highlight the diversity of their antimicrobial properties. Though limited in vivo studies have been conducted, antimalarial and anti-infective activities of betacyanin have been observed in living infection models. Cellular mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of betalains are yet unknown; however existing research has laid the framework for a potentially novel antimicrobial agent. This review covers an overview of betalains as antimicrobial agents and discussions to fully exploit their potential as therapeutic agents to treat infectious diseases.
Isochoric freezing of foods: A review of instrumentation, mechanism, physicochemical influence, and applications
Authors: Thakur Sheetal , Jha Bhavya , Bhardwaj Naman , Singh Ajay , Sawale Pravin D. , Kumar Ashish
Published: August 2022

This literature survey reveals the extended shelf life of foods when subjected to isochoric freeze processing. All other preservation aspects, thermal or non‐thermal, contribute to food preservation as per their specific functionality. From the given set of available food preservation technologies, shelf life extension by way of isochoric freezing works very well to extend the shelf life of fresh agricultural produce, without any weight loss and browning reaction to occur. Similarly, isochoric freezing of spinach tends to retain the amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds in it. On the other hand, preservation by conventional freezing results in weight loss, flavor, and odor degradation, for example in fish. The isochoric method act as panacea for such types of problems faced during storage. This method works on to the key element wherein maintenance of intracellular osmolarity prevent the passing of solute concentration gradients across bind and free space inside the food.

Practical Applications

This emerging novel processing of foods is applicable for fruits and vegetables to preserve them with minimal fresh harvest produce loss. Isochoric processing is done at a sub‐zero temperature, which keeps the food fresh longer. This sustainability will lead to the minimization of price fluctuation and will also addresses food safety and security, minimize post‐harvest losses, and enhance market appealability. This process has also revealed its potential among poultry and other meat products with enhanced keeping qualities.
Ultrasound assisted slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatment on the protein structure stability of vacuum‐packaged sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas) during refrigerated storage
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Zhang Bingjie , Zhou Dapeng , Xie Jing
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the synergistic effects of ultrasound (US) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) treatment on the myofibril protein structure of vacuum‐packed sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas) during refrigerated storage. Fresh sea bass fillets were treated with US, SAEW, US combined with SAEW treatment (US + SAEW), and sterile water (Control) for 10 min, respectively. Different indexes, such as hardness, myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), water activity (aw), and surface hydrophobicity, which also combined with protein characteristic (intrinsic fluorescence intensity) were analyzed. The results showed that the US treatment increased the MFI and surface hydrophobicity of sea bass. Compared with the control group, the bactericidal effect of US + SAEW treatment made the sample better water holding capacity, water activity, and higher fluorescence intensity. Differential scanning calorimetry spectrum results showed that samples treated by US had loose myofibrillary structure, which was convenient for SAEW to act more effectively. US + SAEW treatment retarded the degradation of protein. These results provided evidence that US + SAEW treatment could maintain the quality of fish.
An insight into the potential of berberine in animal nutrition: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Ghavipanje Navid , Fathi Nasri Mohammad Hasan , Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez Einar
Published: August 2022

In animal nutrition, the interest for novel feed additives has expanded with elevating industry standards and consumer awareness besides the demand for healthy animal‐derived food products. Consumer and animal health are leading concerns dictating the importance of novel animal feed additives. Berberine (BBR) is a natural pentacyclic isoquinoline alkaloid that has exhibited diverse pharmacological properties, including metabolism‐regulating, hepatoprotective, and inflammatory alleviative in addition to its antioxidant activity. Despite detailed information on cellular mechanisms associated with BBR therapeutics, and strong clinical evidence, only a few studies have focused on BBR applied to animal nutrition. However, great pieces of evidence have shown that dietary BBR supplementation could result in improved growth performance, enhanced oxido‐inflammatory markers, and mitigated metabolic dysfunctions in both monogastric and ruminant animals. The data discussed in the present review may set the basis for further research on BBR in animal diets for developing novel strategies aiming to improve animal health as well as products with beneficial properties for humans.
Volatility models for stylized facts of high‐frequency financial data
Authors: Kim Donggyu , Shin Minseok
Published: August 2022

This article introduces novel volatility diffusion models to account for the stylized facts of high‐frequency financial data such as volatility clustering, intraday U‐shape, and leverage effect. For example, the daily integrated volatility of the proposed volatility process has a realized GARCH structure with an asymmetric effect on log returns. To further explain the heavy‐tailedness of the financial data, we assume that the log returns have a finite th moment for . Then, we propose a Huber regression estimator that has an optimal convergence rate of . We also discuss how to adjust bias coming from Huber loss and show its asymptotic properties.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of fosfomycin combined with rifampin against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Liu Y. , Ma W. , Li M. , Wu J. , Sun L. , Zhao W. , Sun S.
Published: August 2022

The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) strains in the hospital setting represents an emerging challenge to clinical treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections, as the range of therapeutic agents active against these pathogens becomes increasingly constrained. This study demonstrated for the first time that fosfomycin (FOS) combined with rifampin (RIF) showed strong synergistic effects against CRPA and carbapenem-susceptible PA, with 100% synergistic rates. Additionally, the time-killing curve further proves the dynamic antibacterial activity of FOS + RIF against CRPA. Further experiments determined that antibacterial mechanisms of FOS + RIF might be inhibition of biofilm formation and eradication of preformed biofilm. The results of the inhibition biofilm formation assay demonstrated that RIF and FOS at 1/8MIC, 1/16MIC and 1/32MIC have better inhibitory effects on CRPA biofilm formation VS FOS alone (96, 90 and 78% vs 29, 24 and 22%) (P < 0·0001) or RIF alone (96, 90 and 78% vs 86, 67 and 29%) (P < 0·01). The rates of eradicating preformed biofilm with combination therapy at 1/2MIC, 1/4MIC and 1/8MIC of both antibiotics, increased 46, 61 and 55% compared with FOS alone (P < 0·001) and 37, 33 and 46% compared with RIF alone (P < 0·01). This finding will provide new insights into the treatment of bacterial infections caused by CRPA, which can be further explored in clinical practice.
The jugular approach for leadless pacing: A novel and safe alternative
Authors: Saleem‐Talib Shmaila , van Driel Vincent J. , Nikolic Tanja , van Wessel Harry , Louman Hellen , Borleffs C. Jan Willem , van der Heijden Jeroen , Cox Moniek , Ramanna Hemanth
Published: August 2022

Aims

To evaluate safety of leadless pacemaker implantation through the internal jugular vein in a larger cohort with longer follow‐up. Moreover, feasibility of non‐apical pacing as well as relation between pacing site and QRS duration were assessed.

Methods

Eighty Two consecutive patients, who received a leadless pacemaker though the internal jugular vein, were included. Electrical parameters were measured at regular follow‐up and any complications were registered. Paced QRS interval was compared for three pacing sites, RVOT, RV mid septum, and RV apical septum.

Results

In all patients, the leadless pacemaker was implanted successfully. In 69 patients, the device was implanted in a non‐apical position. In 71% of cases, the device could be deployed at first attempt. The median fluoroscopy time was 4.4 min (range 0.9−51) The paced QRS interval was significantly narrower for non‐apical pacing sites compared to apical pacing si 156  vs. 179 ms. p = .04, respectively. During mean follow‐up of 16 months (range 0–43 months), electrical parameters remained stable. Two complications occurred, which could be resolved during the implant procedure. There were no access site related complications.

Conclusion

The jugular approach for leadless pacemaker implantation is feasible and may avoid vascular complications. It facilitates non‐apical positioning of leadless pacemakers leading to a narrower paced QRS interval. The jugular approach allows for immediate post procedural ambulation.
Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox
Authors: Vuong Uyen Thi , Iswanto Arya Bagus Boedi , Nguyen Quang‐Minh , Kang Hobin , Lee Jihyun , Moon Jiyun , Kim Sang Hee
Published: August 2022

Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
Optimal probe position for precordial Doppler ultrasound in children
Authors: Nishida Keisuke , Omori Ayaka , Kojima Taiki
Published: August 2022

Background

Precordial Doppler ultrasound technology can be used to confirm correct peripheral intravenous access in children. Changes in precordial Doppler sound from the baseline after injecting normal saline are detected using a correct peripheral intravenous access. However, the location of the precordial Doppler probe has been inconsistent in previous studies. Our study aimed to determine whether the right or left parasternal border is the optimal location for precordial Doppler probe placement.

Methods

This single‐center, prospective interventional study was conducted between July 2021 and January 2022 and included children aged 1–6 years. The Doppler probe was placed under general anesthesia at the most audible site on the right and left parasternal borders of patients. Baseline heartbeat was recorded by the Doppler for 10 s on the right and left parasternal borders. After randomizing the order of the recorded data, two blinded raters separately listened to the data and decided the audibility of the sounds.

Results

A total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study. The proportion of the audible baseline heartbeat was significantly higher on the left parasternal borders than on the right by both rater 1 (96.1%, 22.1%, p < 0.001) and rater 2 (96.1%, 27.3%, p < 0.001). Regarding inter‐rater reproducibility, Cohen's kappa statistics for the left and right parasternal borders were significant (0.65 and 0.79, both p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The baseline heartbeat was more audible on the left parasternal border than on the right parasternal border with acceptably high interrater reproducibility. This is inconsistent with the interpretations of previous reports.
Screen time reduction and focus on social engagement in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Heffler Karen Frankel , Frome Lori R. , Garvin Brigid , Bungert Lindsay M. , Bennett David S.
Published: August 2022

Background

There is growing concern regarding early screen media exposure and its potential effects on developmental delays including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is little research examining whether interventions can decrease screen media exposure and ASD behaviors among children with ASD.

Methods

Participants were nine children, 18 to 40 months old, with an ASD diagnosis who watched screens at least 2 h per day. Screen viewing history and weekly screen viewing and social interaction were assessed. The intervention involved a parent education program followed by weekly 1 h in‐home support visits aimed at replacing screen time with social engagement time over a 6 month period. Child autism symptoms (Brief Observation of Social Communication Change), functional behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), and development (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) were assessed before and after intervention; parents completed questionnaires on parental stress (Autism Parenting Stress Index) and their perceptions of the intervention.

Results

Children's screen viewing decreased from an average of 5.6 h/day prior to intervention to 5 min/day during the study. Significant improvements were observed in core autism symptoms and parental stress from pre‐ to post‐intervention.

Conclusions

Parent education and training/support to minimize screen time and increase social interaction for young children with ASD was tolerated well by parents and children. These promising preliminary results suggest that further research on early screen media viewing, ASD, and screen reduction intervention is warranted.
Crime and credit: The empirical study of how crime affects credit ratings of large U.S. cities
Authors: Guzman Tatyana , Clark Benjamin Y.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

There is abundant research on crime contributors but not the cost of crime to society. In this article, we fill the gap in the literature by studying how crime affects government entities, specifically, their credit worthiness. Issues with crime may shift government expenditures away from education, welfare, and other crucial areas to law enforcement and may necessitate higher overall expenditures. Crime may also create a risk to investment, negatively affect economic development, contribute to higher poverty and unemployment rates, and to racial injustice. All these may damage credit ratings.

Methods

Because of the ordinal nature of the dependent variable (credit ratings), models are estimated by ordered probit.

Results

The findings in this article demonstrate that cities with higher violent (but not property) crime have consistently lower credit ratings. Policing expenses are also negatively correlated with credit ratings, although the association is only marginally significant.

Conclusions

Our goal in this article was to further the literature and discussion on how cities can better recognize the facets of improving or declining credit ratings. We found that violent crime has a visible impact on the perceptions of credit risk.
CT features of subcutaneous, intermuscular, and intramuscular mast cell tumors in dogs
Authors: Farmer Rebecca J M , Poirier Valerie J , Nykamp Stephanie , Jensen Monica , Foster Robert A , Oblak Michelle , Appleby Ryan
Published: August 2022

Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (InterM), and intramuscular (IntraM) mast cell tumors (MCTs). Advanced imaging (CT or MRI) is frequently used for presurgical planning, but InterM and IntraM MCTs can be difficult to identify and delineate on CT. Aims of the current retrospective, diagnostic accuracy, observer agreement study were to describe the imaging features of SC, InterM, and IntraM MCTs on CT and to assess the limitation of CT to identify the full local extent of the MCT. Inclusion criteria for the study were dogs with a cytologically or histologically diagnosed MCTs determined to be SC, InterM, or IntraM MCT based on histology and/or a CT scan performed in the gross disease setting. Two board‐certified veterinary radiologists reviewed the CT images and recorded location, contrast enhancement pattern, and delineation between the normal and abnormal tissue. Sensitivity and specificity of CT for determining location (SC/InterM versus IntraM) was 85.71% and 55.56%, respectively, when compared to consensus location based on surgical pathology report/CT/MRI review. There was a low inter‐rater agreement for delineation (kappa: 0.150 (−0.070 to 0.370) and measurement had a low/moderate correlation (rho: 0.4667 to 0.5792). Upon review by a surgical oncologist, CT findings were deemed insufficient for curative surgical planning in 13 of 16 due to inadequate definition of tumor depth, compartment boundary (fascial plane) or MCT margins. The use of CT for presurgical planning of SC/InterM/IntraM MCT dogs has limitations, especially when differentiating MCT from the adjacent muscle.
Three‐dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs
Authors: Longo Federico , Nicetto Tommaso , Knell Sebastian Christoph , Evans Richard B. , Isola Maurizio , Pozzi Antonio
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To describe a computed tomographic (CT) methodology for planning the correction of femoral and tibial torsion and report the clinical outcomes after femoral (FDO) and tibial (TDO) detorsional osteotomy in dogs affected by torsion malalignment and patellar luxation (PL).

Study design

Multicenter retrospective study.

Animals

Eighteen client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Dogs underwent CT to measure femoral (FTA) and tibial torsion angle (TTA). Abnormal femoral external torsion was defined when FTA <20°, abnormal femoral internal torsion if FTA >35°; abnormal tibial external torsion was defined when TTA < −10°, and abnormal tibial internal torsion when TTA >2°. The cortical arch length (CAL) was measured with CT and used intraoperatively to determine the magnitude of correction. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed and used to report clinical and radiographic outcomes. Radiographs were reviewed to evaluate postoperative limb alignment, patellar position, and bone healing.

Results

Twenty‐two detorsional osteotomies were performed. Mean preoperative FTA was 14° for medial‐PL and 45.2° for lateral‐PL. Mean preoperative TTA was 11° for medial‐PL. Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 22/22 of cases. CAL measurement allowed for correction of abnormal torsion in 19/22 of cases. Seventeen out 18 dogs had full or acceptable functional outcome. The median radiographic follow‐up was 3 months. Major complications occurred in 2/22 cases, which suffered an iatrogenic abnormal femoral internal torsion and a persistent hindlimb lameness.

Conclusions

CAL can be measured with CT and used intraoperatively to guide the correction of abnormal torsion in dogs.

Clinical relevance

Abnormal femoral and tibial torsion are predisposing factors for PL. A higher complication rate is expected when FDO and TDO are performed in the same hindlimb.
Undersaturated Oil Viscosity Based on Multi-Gene Genetic Programming
Authors: Shokir Eissa Mohamed El-M , Ibrahim Azza El-S. B.
Published: August 2022

Undersaturated oil viscosity represents an important physical property for reservoir simulation, enhanced oil recovery, and optimal production. It can be determined either by experimental measurements or by modeling through empirical correlations of appropriate accuracy. As a result of the high cost of its determination experimentally as well as its unavailable in most cases, looking for a high-reliability model is vital. Therefore, in this paper, a new undersaturated crude oil viscosity model using multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) is presented. This model was built using several data points which are distributed as 528 experimental measurements for a broad range of reservoir pressure and oil properties and 276 points were used for validating and testing the new model. Furthermore, the new model was compared to 11 published correlations. The results indicated that the new MGGP-based model is the closest to the experimental measurements and yields a precise prediction of undersaturated oil viscosity.
Thermally Grown Oxide Stress in PS-PVD and EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Observed at Various Lifetimes Via Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Northam Matthew , Fouliard Quentin , Rossmann Lin , Park Jun-Sang , Kenesei Peter , Almer Jonathan , Viswanathan Vaishak , Harder Bryan , Raghavan Seetha
Published: August 2022

The current standard application method for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on turbine blades for jet engines is electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) due to its high strain tolerance and low thermal conductivity. An emerging deposition method, plasma-spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD), presents an opportunity for a tailorable microstructure, and non-line-of-sight deposition that is faster and less expensive. To compare the lifetime behavior of both PS-PVD and EB-PVD coatings, samples subjected to 300 and 600 thermal cycles were measured during a 1 h thermal cycle to determine the strains, which were converted to stress, in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer of the TBCs using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). Room temperature XRD measurements indicated among samples that PS-PVD coatings experienced greater variation in in-plane room temperature strain in the TGO after cycling than the EB-PVD coatings. In-situ XRD measurements indicated similar high-temperature strain and no spallation after 600 thermal cycles for both coatings. Microscopy imaging after cycling showed greater rumpling in PS-PVD coatings that led to different failure modes between the two coatings’ TGO layers. The tailorability of PS-PVD coatings allows for adjustments in the processing parameters to improve their overall performance after aging and bridge the differences between the two deposition methods.
Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Performance of a Conical Solar Water Heater Using Mixed Asphalt Absorber Plate
Authors: Phengpom Tinnapob , Pukdum Jirasak
Published: August 2022

In the present research, an investigational study on thermal performance of a mixed asphalt conical solar water heater (MACSWH) was analyzed under field conditions. The key target of the present research is to evaluate the dynamics of heat and performance of a conical solar collector with an attached mixed asphalt as an absorber plate. In the current experimental test setup, the mixed asphalt as an absorber plate with a diameter of 0.20 m and thickness of 0.05 m was set in the middle of the focal area for accumulating the solar radiation, reflecting from a polished zinc conical reflector. The aperture diameter of the MACSWH was 0.45 m with a concentration ratio of 2.20. The copper pipe had a total length of 2 m, and the inclination angle of the conical was fixed at 15 deg. The experimental results provide evidence that the mixed asphalt set as an absorber plate at the center of the focal area was an effective practical approach to improve the performance of a conical solar collector. This method raises the maximum percentage difference between inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature by approximately 47.27%, while the maximum temperatures of absorber plate, copper pipe, and efficacy are at 82 °C, 62 °C, and 72%, respectively.
Postinterventional ultrasonographic monitoring of the diabetic Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. Case report.
Authors: Perciun Elena Rodica , Petcu Daniel
Published: August 2022

Diabetic Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy is a severe, multifactorial limb-threatening entity with a neuropathic background. It evolves from bones, joints and soft tissue inflammation, to permanent deformity, recurrent ulcerations and amputation, if left untreated. This particular case emphasizes the ultrasound’s conclusiveness in diagnosing inflammatory recurrence and orthopedic hardware behavior after corrective arthrodesis, thus permitting the correct therapeutic decision to offload the foot. Ultrasonography proves its undeniable applicability whenever other imaging-techniques are unavailable, inconclusive, or rejected by the patient.
Elucidating the Effect of Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi on Bread Wheat Growth through Signaling of Immune Response-Related Hormones
Authors: González-Guzmán Adrián , Rey María-Dolores , Froussart Emilie , Quesada-Moraga Enrique
Published: August 2022

Microbial control of insect and mite pests is a key tool to develop integrated pest management (IPM) and sustainable agriculture. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) may have associations with the plants, playing additional ecological roles in the rhizosphere, in the phylloplane, and as plant endophytes.
Beauveria bassiana
04/01TIP and
Metarhizium brunneum
01/58Su are two strains that showed very good results either in pest control or plant growth promotion and would be good candidates to develop mycoinsecticides as an alternative to pesticides.
Precise Regulation of Differential Transcriptions of Various Catabolic Genes by OdcR via a Single Nucleotide Mutation in the Promoter Ensures the Safety of Metabolic Flux
Authors: Chen Kai , Ke Zhuang , Wang Sicheng , Wang Shen , Yang Ke , Jia Weibin , Zhu Jianchun , Jiang Jiandong
Published: August 2022

Prokaryotes use various mechanisms, including improvement of the activity of detoxification enzymes, to cope with toxic intermediates produced during catabolism. However, studies on how bacteria accurately regulate differential transcriptions of various catabolic genes via a single regulator to ensure metabolic safety are scarce.
The PULSE Diversity Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Rubric: a Tool To Help Assess Departmental DEI Efforts
Authors: Brancaccio-Taras Loretta , Awong-Taylor Judy , Linden Monica , Marley Kate , Reiness C. Gary , Uzman J. Akif
Published: August 2022

In an attempt to redesign science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments to be more inclusive of all student populations, institutions of higher learning are reviewing their programs, policies, and the ways they engage students. The Partnership for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education (PULSE) has been working with STEM departments over the past 10 years to improve the student experience by incorporating evidence-based teaching practices and creating curricula with a deeper focus on conceptual understanding of scientific principles, competencies, and the process of science.
Nonstructural Protein 1 of Variant PEDV Plays a Key Role in Escaping Replication Restriction by Complement C3
Authors: Fan Baochao , Peng Qi , Song Shiying , Shi Danyi , Zhang Xue , Guo Weilu , Li Yunchuan , Zhou Jinzhu , Zhu Xuejiao , Zhao Yongxiang , Guo Rongli , He Kongwang , Fan Huiying , Ding Siyuan , Li Bin
Published: August 2022

The complement system acts as a vital link between the innate and the adaptive immunity and has the ability to recognize and neutralize various pathogens. Activation of the complement system acts as a double-edged sword, as appropriate levels of activation protect against pathogenic infections, but excessive responses can provoke a dramatic inflammatory response and cause tissue damage, leading to pathological processes, which often appear in COVID-19 patients.
Plasmodium falciparum and TNF-α Differentially Regulate Inflammatory and Barrier Integrity Pathways in Human Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zuniga Marisol , Gomes Claudia , Chen Ze , Martinez Criseyda , Devlin Joseph Cooper , Loke P’ng , Rodriguez Ana
Published: August 2022

Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of
Plasmodium falciparum
infection that causes the loss of blood-brain barrier integrity and frequently results in death. Here, we compared the effect of
P. falciparum
-infected red blood cells and inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-α, in the loss of BBB integrity.
Dysfunctional Glymphatic System with Disrupted Aquaporin 4 Expression Pattern on Astrocytes Causes Bacterial Product Accumulation in the CSF during Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Generoso Jaqueline S. , Thorsdottir Sigrun , Collodel Allan , Dominguini Diogo , Santo Roberta R. E. , Petronilho Fabricia , Barichello Tatiana , Iovino Federico
Published: August 2022

The lack of solute drainage due to a dysfunctional glymphatic system leads to an increase of the neurotoxic bacterial material in the CSF compartments of the brain, ultimately leading to brain-wide neuroinflammation and neuronal damage with consequent impairment of neurological functions. The loss of function of the glymphatic system can therefore be a leading cause of the neurological sequelae developing post-bacterial meningitis.
The Anticancer Drug Bleomycin Shows Potent Antifungal Activity by Altering Phospholipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Pokharel Mona , Konarzewska Paulina , Roberge Jacques Y. , Han Gil-Soo , Wang Yina , Carman George M. , Xue Chaoyang
Published: August 2022

Invasive fungal pathogens cause significant morbidity and mortality, with over 1.5 million deaths annually. Because fungi are eukaryotes that share much of their cellular machinery with the host, our armamentarium of antifungal drugs is highly limited, with only three classes of antifungal drugs available.
Development of a Glycerol-Inducible Expression System for High-Yield Heterologous Protein Production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Han Laichuang , Chen Qiaoqing , Luo Jie , Cui Wenjing , Zhou Zhemin
Published: August 2022

In this study, a GIES was constructed in
B. subtilis
by employing the antiterminator protein GlpP and the GlpP-regulated promoter P
glpD
. Based on the sequential utilization of glucose and glycerol by
B. subtilis
, the GIES was able to express genes in an autoinducible manner.
Effect of Intragenomic Sequence Heterogeneity among Multiple 16S rRNA Genes on Species Identification of
Elizabethkingia
Authors: Lin Jiun-Nong , Lai Chung-Hsu , Lin Shang-Yi , Lee Ching-Chi , Lee Nan-Yao , Liu Po-Yu , Yang Chih-Hui , Huang Yi-Han
Published: August 2022

Incorrect identification of bacterial species would influence the epidemiology and clinical analysis of patients infected with
Elizabethkingia
. The results of the present study suggest that 16S rRNA gene sequencing should not be considered the gold standard for the accurate identification of
Elizabethkingia
species.
Fault zone architecture and lithology-dependent deformation mechanisms of the Himalayan frontal fold-thrust belt: Insights from the Nahan Thrust, India
Authors: Sarkar Dyuti Prakash , Ando Jun-ichi , Ghosh Gautam , Das Kaushik , Dasgupta Prabir , Tomioka Naotaka
Published: August 2022

Brittle shallow crustal faults typically develop a complex fault zone architecture with distinct structural domains that display diverse microstructures, mineralogy, and deformation mechanisms. The development of such domains is typically controlled by the strength and composition of the protoliths, physical conditions of deformation, fluid ingress, and diachronous fault growth in response to stress accumulation and co-seismic slip. Herein, we studied the microstructure-mineralogy-kinematics of fault rocks in the Nahan Thrust, in the vicinity of the Main Frontal Thrust that represents a tectonically active zone in the Himalayan orogen. The Nahan Thrust is characterized by alternating red and gray gouge layers, and a single black gouge layer. Our results from electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry indicate that the protolith of the red gouge layers is argillaceous sandstone, whereas that of the gray and black gouge layers is sandstone. Microstructures suggest an initially distributed deformation (aseismic creep), followed by a protracted brittle deformation event, and a later aseismic creep stage. The brittle stage is marked by progressive localization of stress, fracture development, cataclasis, frictional sliding, and seismic slips. The black gouge layer acted as the principal slip zone and exhibited ultrafine bands of micrometer-scale slip zones with vapor escape structures and clay clast aggregates, indicating seismic faulting and frictional heating during seismic slips. The preferential seismic rupture nucleation in the black gouge layer indicates a strong lithological dependence on seismic slip in the Nahan Thrust. We also conclude that heterogeneity within the Nahan Thrust resulted from primary lithological variations of the protoliths.
Structure of the Brain of the Smallest Coleoptera
Authors: Makarova A. A. , Polilov A. A.
Published: August 2022

The structure of the brain of the smallest coleopteran,Scydosella musawasensisHall, 1999, is described for the first time. As in other extremely small beetles, the brain ofS. musawasensisdisplays signs of miniaturization: displacement to the thorax, compactization, and a small number and size of the neurons. The body size of the studied smallest beetle is similar to that of the minute hymenopteranMegaphragma, which has a nearly anucleate nervous system. However, the structure of the brain of the studied smallest beetle is similar to that of large representatives of the order and is characterized by a high number of nuclei in the brain and a significant volume of the cell body rind. The neuropil ofS. musawasensisoccupies 60% of the brain volume, confirming the neuropilar constant rule.
Caffeine to prevent intermittent hypoxaemia in late preterm infants: randomised controlled dosage trial
Authors: Oliphant Elizabeth Anne , McKinlay Christopher JD , McNamara David , Cavadino Alana , Alsweiler Jane M
Published: August 2022

Objective

To establish the most effective and best tolerated dose of caffeine citrate for the prevention of intermittent hypoxaemia (IH) in late preterm infants.

Design

Phase IIB, double-blind, five-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Neonatal units and postnatal wards of two tertiary maternity hospitals in New Zealand.

Participants

Late preterm infants born at 34+0–36+6weeks’ gestation, recruited within 72 hours of birth.

Intervention

Infants were randomly assigned to receive a loading dose (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg) followed by 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg/day equivolume enteral caffeine citrate or placebo daily until term corrected age.

Primary outcome

IH (events/hour with oxygen saturation concentration ≥10% below baseline for ≤2 min), 2 weeks postrandomisation.

Results

132 infants with mean (SD) birth weight 2561 (481) g and gestational age 35.7 (0.8) weeks were randomised (24–28 per group). Caffeine reduced the rate of IH at 2 weeks postrandomisation (geometric mean (GM): 4.6, 4.6, 2.0, 3.8 and 1.7 events/hour for placebo, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively), with differences statistically significant for 10 mg/kg/day (GM ratio (95% CI] 0.39 (0.20 to 0.76]; p=0.006) and 20 mg/kg/day (GM ratio (95% CI] 0.33 (0.17 to 0.68]; p=0.003) compared with placebo. The 20 mg/kg/day dose increased mean (SD) pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) (97.2 (1.0) vs placebo 96.0 (0.8); p<0.001), and reduced median (IQR) percentage of time SpO2<90% (0.5 (0.2–0.8) vs 1.1 (0.6–2.4); p<0.001) at 2 weeks, without significant adverse effects on growth velocity or sleeping.

Conclusion

Caffeine reduces IH in late preterm infants at 2 weeks of age, with 20 mg/kg/day being the most effective dose.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12618001745235.
Microgeodic disease in an infant
Authors: Stranks Katrina Frances , Tiller Georgina , Liyanage Neelika , Bao Danielle
Published: August 2022

We describe an infant presenting with intermittent discolouration and swelling of her fingers and toes occurring with changes in ambient temperature. Extensive investigations revealed raised inflammatory markers as well as sclerotic lesions within the phalanges and diffuse marrow oedema. Infectious and inflammatory causes were considered and excluded based on the clinical presentation and investigation findings. The persistence of symptoms prompted further investigation with MRI. Correlation of the MRI findings with previous case reports resulted in a diagnosis of microgeodic disease—an uncommon, self-limiting condition thought to be due to cold-induced vasospasm leading to avascular necrosis of the bone.
Vaginal bleeding in prepubertal females: a case ofShigellavaginitis and review of literature
Authors: Gershman Melanie L , Simms-Cendan Judith
Published: August 2022

Shigellavulvovaginitis is an uncommon aetiology of prepubertal vaginal bleeding that should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients who have travelled to developing countries. A young girl presented with prepubertal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, occasional dysuria and no gastrointestinal symptoms. After a year-long extensive workup, including vaginoscopy and biopsy, genital culture and Gram stain revealed vulvovaginitis due toShigella flexneri. After review of bacterial sensitivity, the patient was given a 30-day course of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The patient returned to the clinic 1 month later with no signs of vaginal bleeding, discharge or pelvic pain. This case prompted review of the indicated evaluation and differential diagnosis of prepubertal vaginal bleeding, including infectious aetiologies such asShigellavulvovaginitis with the authors’ goal to expedite diagnosis and treatment in paediatric patients.