bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Presence in Mixed Reality
Authors: Wagner Ina , Broll Wolfgang , Jacucci Giulio , Kuutii Kari , McCall Rod , Morrison Ann , Schmalstieg Dieter , Terrin Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2009

Previous paradigms for presence research were primarily established in the context of virtual reality (VR). The objective of this paper is to introduce a new agenda for research on presence suitable for the domain of mixed reality (MR). While established assumptions and methods of presence research from VR are applicable to MR experiences, we argue that they are not necessarily meaningful or informative. Specifically, a shift of attention is needed away from psycho-physiological studies coming from a laboratory experiment tradition, toward an ecological-cultural approach that is applicable in real world situations and relies on ethnographic rather than fully controlled methods. We give a series of examples taken from the work on the European integrated research project IPCity, and discuss the implications of our findings.
Surface Wind Regionalization over Complex Terrain: Evaluation and Analysis of a High-Resolution WRF Simulation
Authors: Jiménez Pedro A. , González-Rouco J. Fidel , García-Bustamante Elena , Navarro Jorge , Montávez Juan P. , de Arellano Jordi Vilà-Guerau , Dudhia Jimy , Muñoz-Roldan Antonio
Published: September 2009

This study analyzes the daily-mean surface wind variability over an area characterized by complex topography through comparing observations and a 2-km-spatial-resolution simulation performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the period 1992–2005. The evaluation focuses on the performance of the simulation to reproduce the wind variability within subregions identified from observations over the 1999–2002 period in a previous study. By comparing with wind observations, the model results show the ability of the WRF dynamical downscaling over a region of complex terrain. The higher spatiotemporal resolution of the WRF simulation is used to evaluate the extent to which the length of the observational period and the limited spatial coverage of observations condition one’s understanding of the wind variability over the area. The subregions identified with the simulation during the 1992–2005 period are similar to those identified with observations (1999–2002). In addition, the reduced number of stations reasonably represents the spatial wind variability over the area. However, the analysis of the full spatial dimension simulated by the model suggests that observational coverage could be improved in some subregions. The approach adopted here can have a direct application to the design of observational networks.
The Magnitude of Decadal and Multidecadal Variability in North American Precipitation*,+
Authors: Ault Toby R. , St. George Scott
Published: September 2009

The authors use singular spectrum analysis to investigate the relative magnitude of decadal to multidecadal (D2M) variability in annual and seasonal precipitation anomalies across North America. In most places, decadal (10–20 yr) or multidecadal (20–50 yr) variability makes up less than 10% of the total variance in either annual or seasonal precipitation, with interannual variability or secular trends having much greater importance. Decadal variability is most prominent (contributing 25%–30% of the total variance) in Minnesota and northern California during winter, and the central Rocky Mountains in autumn. Eastern Québec is the only major region where precipitation exhibits significant variance in the multidecadal band. Precipitation across much of Canada exhibits significant variance at extremely low frequencies (greater than 50 yr), but variability at these time scales cannot be separated from secular trends because of the limited length of instrumental climate records. Decadal signals in the discharge of the Sacramento River and, to a lesser degree, the Colorado River are coherent and in phase with similar signals in regional precipitation. Prominent D2M signals do not resemble the low-frequency components of major climate modes such as ENSO or the PDO, which suggests that this behavior is not a product of a simple linear translation of a single climate forcing.
Scale-Dependent Uncertainties in Global QPFs and QPEs from NWP Model and Satellite Fields
Authors: Lu C. , Yuan H. , Tollerud E. I. , Wang N.
Published: September 2009

Global precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models can be verified using the near-global coverage of satellite precipitation retrievals. However, inaccuracies in satellite precipitation analyses complicate the interpretation of forecast errors that result from verification of an NWP model against satellite observations. In this study, assessments of both a global quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) from a satellite precipitation product and corresponding global quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) from a global NWP model are conducted using available global land-based gauge data. A scale decomposition technique is devised, coupled with seasonal and spatial classifications, to evaluate these inaccuracies. The results are then analyzed in context with various physical precipitation systems, including heavy monsoonal rains, light Mediterranean winter rains, and North American convective-related and midlatitude cyclone–related precipitation.

In general, global model results tend to consistently overforecast rainfall, whereas satellite measurements present a mixed pattern, underestimating many large-scale precipitation systems while overestimating many convective-scale precipitation systems. Both global model QPF and satellite-retrieved QPE showed better correlation scores in large-scale precipitation systems when verified with gauge measurements. In this case, model-based QPF tends to outperform satellite-retrieved QPE. At convective scales, there are significant drops in both model QPF and satellite QPE correlation scores, but satellite QPE performs slightly better than model QPF. These general results also showed regional and seasonal variation. For example, in tropical monsoon systems, satellite QPE tended to outperform model-based QPF at both scales. Overall, the results suggest potential improvements for both satellite estimates and weather forecast systems, in particular as applied to global precipitation forecasts.
What Is the True Value of Forecasts?
Authors: Millner Antony
Published: September 2009

Understanding the economic value of weather and climate forecasts is of tremendous practical importance. Traditional models that have attempted to gauge forecast value have focused on a best-case scenario, in which forecast users are assumed to be statistically sophisticated, hyperrational decision makers with perfect knowledge and understanding of forecast performance. These models provide a normative benchmark for assessing forecast value, but say nothing about the value that actual forecast users realize. Real forecast users are subject to a variety of behavioral effects and informational constraints that violate the assumptions of normative models. In this paper, one of the normative assumptions about user behavior is relaxed—users are no longer assumed to be in possession of a perfect statistical understanding of forecast performance. In the case of a cost–loss decision, it is shown that a model of users’ forecast use choices based on the psychological theory of reinforcement learning leads to a behavioral adjustment factor that lowers the relative value score that the user achieves. The dependence of this factor on the user’s decision parameters (the ratio of costs to losses) and the forecast skill is deduced. Differences between the losses predicted by the behavioral and normative models are greatest for users with intermediate cost–loss ratios, and when forecasts have intermediate skill. The relevance of the model as a tool for directing user education initiatives is briefly discussed, and a direction for future research is proposed.
Characterizing environmental and phenotypic associations using information theory and electronic health records
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Hripcsak George , Friedman Carol
Published: September 2009

Background

The availability of up-to-date, executable, evidence-based medical knowledge is essential for many clinical applications, such as pharmacovigilance, but executable knowledge is costly to obtain and update. Automated acquisition of environmental and phenotypic associations in biomedical and clinical documents using text mining has showed some success. The usefulness of the association knowledge is limited, however, due to the fact that the specific relationships between clinical entities remain unknown. In particular, some associations are indirect relations due to interdependencies among the data.

Results

In this work, we develop methods using mutual information (MI) and its property, the data processing inequality (DPI), to help characterize associations that were generated based on use of natural language processing to encode clinical information in narrative patient records followed by statistical methods. Evaluation based on a random sample consisting of two drugs and two diseases indicates an overall precision of 81%.

Conclusion

This preliminary study demonstrates that the proposed method is effective for helping to characterize phenotypic and environmental associations obtained from clinical reports.
Reciprocal regulation by the CepIR and CciIR quorum sensing systems in Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: O'Grady Eoin P , Viteri Duber F , Malott Rebecca J , Sokol Pamela A
Published: September 2009

Background

Burkholderia cenocepacia belongs to a group of closely related organisms called the B. cepacia complex (Bcc) which are important opportunistic human pathogens. B. cenocepacia utilizes a mechanism of cell-cell communication called quorum sensing to control gene expression including genes involved in virulence. The B. cenocepacia quorum sensing network includes the CepIR and CciIR regulatory systems.

Results

Global gene expression profiles during growth in stationary phase were generated using microarrays of B. cenocepacia cepR, cciR and cepRcciIR mutants. This is the first time CciR was shown to be a global regulator of quorum sensing gene expression. CepR was primarily responsible for positive regulation of gene expression while CciR generally exerted negative gene regulation. Many of the genes that were regulated by both quorum sensing systems were reciprocally regulated by CepR and CciR. Microarray analysis of the cepRcciIR mutant suggested that CepR is positioned upstream of CciR in the quorum sensing hierarchy in B. cenocepacia. A comparison of CepIR-regulated genes identified in previous studies and in the current study showed a substantial amount of overlap validating the microarray approach. Several novel quorum sensing-controlled genes were confirmed using qRT-PCR or promoter::lux fusions. CepR and CciR inversely regulated flagellar-associated genes, the nematocidal protein AidA and a large gene cluster on Chromosome 3. CepR and CciR also regulated genes required for iron transport, synthesis of extracellular enzymes and surface appendages, resistance to oxidative stress, and phage-related genes.

Conclusion

For the first time, the influence of CciIR on global gene regulation in B. cenocepacia has been elucidated. Novel genes under the control of the CepIR and CciIR quorum sensing systems in B. cenocepacia have been identified. The two quorum sensing systems exert reciprocal regulation of many genes likely enabling fine-tuned control of quorum sensing gene expression in B. cenocepacia strains carrying the cenocepacia island.
Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count
Authors: Assefa Shimelis , Erko Berhanu , Medhin Girmay , Assefa Zelalem , Shimelis Techalew
Published: September 2009

Background

HIV infection has been modifying both the epidemiology and outcome of parasitic infections. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people with and without HIV infection and its association with diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Teaching and Referral Hospital focusing on HIV positive individuals, who gave blood for CD4 T-cell count at their first enrolment and clients tested HIV negative from November, 2008 to March, 2009. Data on socio-demographic factors and diarrhea status were obtained by interviewing 378 consecutive participants (214 HIV positive and 164 HIV negative). Stool samples were collected from all study subjects and examined for parasites using direct, formol-ether and modified acid fast stain techniques.

Results

The prevalence of any intestinal parasitic infection was significantly higher among HIV positive participants. Specifically, rate of infection with Cryptosporidium, I. belli, and S. stercoralis were higher, particularly in those with CD4 count less than 200 cells/μL. Diarrhea was more frequent also at the same lower CD4 T-cell counts.

Conclusion

Immunodeficiency increased the risk of having opportunistic parasites and diarrhea. Therefore; raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important.
A combination of transposable elements and magnetic cell sorting provides a very efficient transgenesis system for chicken primary erythroid progenitors
Authors: Mejia-Pous Camila , Viñuelas José , Faure Claudine , Koszela Joanna , Kawakami Koichi , Takahashi Yoshiko , Gandrillon Olivier
Published: September 2009

Background

Stable transgenesis is an undeniable key to understanding any genetic system. Retrovirus-based insertional strategies, which feature several technical challenges when they are used, are often limited to one particular species, and even sometimes to a particular cell type as the infection depends on certain cellular receptors. A universal-like system, which would allow both stable transgene expression independent of the cell type and an efficient sorting of transfected cells, is required when handling cellular models that are incompatible with retroviral strategies.

Results

We report here on the combination of a stable insertional transgenesis technique, based on the Tol2 transposon system together with the magnetic cell sorting (MACS) technique, which allows specific selection of cells carrying the transgene in an efficient, reliable and rapid way.

Conclusion

This new Tol2/MACS system leads to stable expression in a culture of primary chicken erythroid cells highly enriched in cells expressing the transgene of interest. This system could be used in a wide variety of vertebrate species.
Proteome analysis of the Escherichia coli heat shock response under steady-state conditions
Authors: Lüders Svenja , Fallet Claas , Franco-Lara Ezequiel
Published: September 2009

In this study a proteomic approach was used to investigate the steady-state response of Escherichia coli to temperature up-shifts in a cascade of two continuously operated bioreactors. The first reactor served as cell source with optimal settings for microbial growth, while in the second chemostat the cells were exposed to elevated temperatures. By using this reactor configuration, which has not been reported to be used for the study of bacterial stress responses so far, it is possible to study temperature stress under well-defined, steady-state conditions. Specifically the effect on the cellular adaption to temperature stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was examined and compared at the cultivation temperatures of 37°C and 47.5°C. As expected, the steady-state study with the double bioreactor configuration delivered a different protein spectrum compared to that obtained with standard batch experiments in shaking flasks and bioreactors. Setting a high cut-out spot-to-spot size ratio of 5, proteins involved in defence against oxygen stress, functional cell envelope proteins, chaperones and proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, the energy metabolism and the amino acid biosynthesis were found to be differently expressed at high cultivation temperatures. The results demonstrate the complexity of the stress response in a steady-state culture not reported elsewhere to date.
Inferring Drosophila gap gene regulatory network: a parameter sensitivity and perturbation analysis
Authors: Fomekong-Nanfack Yves , Postma Marten , Kaandorp Jaap A
Published: September 2009

Background

Inverse modelling of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) capable of simulating continuous spatio-temporal biological processes requires accurate data and a good description of the system. If quantitative relations between genes cannot be extracted from direct measurements, an efficient method to estimate the unknown parameters is mandatory. A model that has been proposed to simulate spatio-temporal gene expression patterns is the connectionist model. This method describes the quantitative dynamics of a regulatory network in space. The model parameters are estimated by means of model-fitting algorithms. The gene interactions are identified without making any prior assumptions concerning the network connectivity. As a result, the inverse modelling might lead to multiple circuits showing the same quantitative behaviour and it is not possible to identify one optimal circuit. Consequently, it is important to address the quality of the circuits in terms of model robustness.

Results

Here we investigate the sensitivity and robustness of circuits obtained from reverse engineering a model capable of simulating measured gene expression patterns. As a case study we use the early gap gene segmentation mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster. We consider the limitations of the connectionist model used to describe GRN Inferred from spatio-temporal gene expression. We address the problem of circuit discrimination, where the selection criterion within the optimization technique is based of the least square minimization on the error between data and simulated results.

Conclusion

Parameter sensitivity analysis allows one to discriminate between circuits having significant parameter and qualitative differences but exhibiting the same quantitative pattern. Furthermore, we show that using a stochastic model derived from a deterministic solution, one can introduce fluctuations within the model to analyze the circuits' robustness. Ultimately, we show that there is a close relation between circuit sensitivity and robustness to fluctuation, and that circuit robustness is rather modular than global. The current study shows that reverse engineering of GRNs should not only focus on estimating parameters by minimizing the difference between observation and simulation but also on other model properties. Our study suggests that multi-objective optimization based on robustness and sensitivity analysis has to be considered.
Brazilian Network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance: a survey of individuals recently diagnosed with HIV
Authors: Inocencio Lilian A , Pereira Anderson A , Sucupira Maria Cecilia A , Fernandez José Carlos C , Jorge Célia P , Souza Denise FC , Fink Helena T , Diaz Ricardo S , Becker Irina M , Suffert Theodoro A , Arruda Monica B , Macedo Olinda , Simão Mariangela BG , Tanuri Amilcar
Published: September 2009

Use of antiretrovirals is widespread in Brazil, where more than 200,000 individuals are under treatment. Although general prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance in Brazil is low, systematic sampling in large metropolitan areas has not being performed.

The HIV Threshold Survey methodology (HIV‐THS, WHO) was utilized, targeting Brazil's four major regions and selecting the six most populated state capitals: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Porto Alegre, Brasilia and Belem. We were able to sequence samples from 210 individuals with recent HIV diagnosis, 17 of them (8.1%) carrying HIV isolates with primary antiretroviral resistance mutations. Five, nine and four isolates showed mutations related to resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs), respectively. Using HIV‐THS, we could find an intermediate level of transmitted resistance (5% to 15%) in Belem/Brasilia, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Lower level of transmitted resistance (<5%) were observed in the other areas. Despite the extensive antiretroviral exposure and high rates of virologic antiretroviral failure in Brazil, the general prevalence of primary resistance is still low. However, an intermediate level of primary resistance was found in the four major Brazilian cities, confirming the critical need to start larger sampling surveys to better define the risk factors associated with transmission of resistant HIV.
Research Commentary—Weighing the Benefits and Costs of Flexibility in Making Software: Toward a Contingency Theory of the Determinants of Development Process Design
Authors: Austin Robert D. , Devin Lee
Published: September 2009

In recent years, flexibility has emerged as a divisive issue in discussions about the appropriate design of processes for making software. Partisans in both research and practice argue for and against plan-based (allegedly inflexible) and agile (allegedly too flexible) approaches. The stakes in this debate are high; questions raised about plan-based approaches undermine longstanding claims that those approaches, when realized, represent maturity of practice. In this commentary, we call for research programs that will move beyond partisan disagreement to a more nuanced discussion, one that takes into account both benefits and costs of flexibility. Key to such programs will be the development of a robust contingency framework for deciding when (in what conditions) plan-based and agile methods should be used. We develop a basic contingency framework in this paper, one that models the benefit/cost economics described in narratives about the transition from craft to industrial production of physical products. We use this framework to demonstrate the power of even a simple model to help us accomplish three objectives: (1) to refocus discussions about the appropriate design of software development processes, concentrating on when to use particular approaches and how they might be usefully combined; (2) to suggest and guide a trajectory of research that can support and enrich this discussion; and (3) to suggest a technology-based explanation for the emergence of agile development at this point in history. Although we are not the first to argue in favor of a contingency perspective, we show that there remain many opportunities for information systems (IS) research to have a major impact on practice in this area.
How do objective and subjective career success interrelate over time?
Authors: Abele Andrea E. , Spurk Daniel
Published: September 2009

The present research is concerned with the direction of influence between objective and subjective career success. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study with five waves of measurement that covered a time span of 10 years. Participants were professionals working in different occupational fields (N=1,336). We modelled the changes in objective success (income, hierarchical position), in other‐referent subjective success (subjective success as compared to a reference group), and in self‐referent subjective success (job satisfaction) by means of latent growth curve analysis. Objective success influenced both the initial level and the growth of other‐referent subjective success, but it had no influence on job satisfaction. Most importantly, both measures of subjective success and both their initial levels and their changes had strong influences on the growth of objective success. We conclude that the ‘objective success influences subjective success’ relationship is smaller than might be expected, whereas the ‘subjective success influences objective success’ relationship is larger than might be expected.
Banksy's Graffiti: A Not-So-Simple Case of Criminal Damage?
Authors: Edwards Ian
Published: September 2009

Graffiti artists are, if caught, most likely to be prosecuted under s. 1 of the Criminal Damage Act 1971. This article explores the extent to which the substantive definition of criminal damage applies to them. There is no separate exculpatory or justificatory defence of ‘aesthetic value’, and so graffiti artists must argue that they either have not ‘damaged’ property, they lacked mens rea or they had lawful excuse. It is argued that the work of artists such as Banksy forces a reappraisal of the precision and applicability of criminal damage.
Expert Opinion Evidence: The Middle Way
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2009

This article assesses the admissibility of expert testimony and suggests that generic principles for admission may, taken in isolation, be more inclined to mislead than assist. Instead, it is preferable to consider each case on an individual basis. This is the current judicial response. The judicial response, whilst broadly correct in approach, may benefit in terms of implementation by greater precision of definition. Judges may benefit from guidance provided by working parties outside the courtroom. A middle path is suggested charting a path between laissez-faire admission, on the one hand, and a call for pervasive principles of admission, on the other.
Police Resources, Demand and the Flanagan Report
Authors: Heaton Robert
Published: September 2009

The Flanagan Report, published in January 2007, was a response to widespread concerns about burgeoning but piecemeal growth of demands upon the police. The Report's key aims were to contribute towards the reduction of bureaucracy, promote better business processes and develop a ‘national debate’ on risk aversion. The article makes a comparison of the growth in police resources with the rise in demand for policing services over the previous decade. It concludes that the bulk of increased demand arose from a variety of government inter-ventions, each of which was made with the aim of improving some aspect of police performance. The conclusion is drawn that a longer-term and more objective view of police capabilities is required by policy makers.
A Callimachean Case of Lovesickness: Magic, Disease, and Desire in Aetia frr. 67-75 Pf.
Authors: Rynearson Nicholas
Published: September 2009

Among its multiple sources and literary models, Callimachus' story of Acontius and Cydippe in Aetia 3 draws on three main discourses of desire in order to create a multilayered erotic narrative: literary topoi of erōs in lyric and tragedy, the conventions of erotic binding magic, and medical notions of the diseased and desiring body. This essay explores Callimachus' playful readings of each of these discourses through the lenses of the others, exposing both continuities and contradictions among them. This conscious manipulation of frames of reference then provides a model for the interpretive sophistication that typifies the Hellenistic poet and his muse.
The Rhetoric of Materials: Thucydides and Lucretius
Authors: Foster Edith
Published: September 2009

In this article, analyses of Thucydides' story of the Spartan siege of Plataea (2.71-78) and of his plague narrative (2.47-54) show that Thucydides' references to natural and man-made materials characterize actors and events and are deployed for the exploration of political, cultural, and scientific themes. At the same time, Thucydides' references respond to his fifth-century reader's knowledge and concerns: Thucydides' readers were not Epicureans. I argue that Thucydidean narrative is therefore less friendly to Epicurean re-use than is sometimes assumed. Lucretius, the poet of the material, perceived this, and his reworking of Thucydides' powerful plague narrative aims to turn it to Epicurean ends.
Palatine Apollo and the Imperial Gaze: Propertius 2.31 and 2.32
Authors: Bowditch Lowell
Published: September 2009

The Propertian speaker's private erotic gaze evolves into Foucault's "panoptic" gaze of state control, illustrating in the process the early and formative years of Augustan social ideology and its relation to urban renewal. Composed almost a decade before the passage of social legislation in 18 B.C.E. ( leges Iuliae ), Propertius 2.31—the ecphrasis of the temple to Apollo on the Palatine—and its companion piece 2.32 anticipate the radical redefinition of imperial power under Augustus, the encroachment of the state into the private domains of family and sexuality, and the eventual use of such legislation as a "strategy of surveillance."
Apollonius, Valerius Flaccus, and Statius: Argonautic Elements in Thebaid 3.499–647
Authors: Stover Tim
Published: September 2009

I argue that Statius appropriated material from the epics of Apollonius and Valerius Flaccus for his depiction of the vatic activity of Melampus and Amphiaraus and the latter's subsequent confrontation with Capaneus in Thebaid 3. I suggest that Statius modeled the confrontation between Capaneus and Amphiaraus on the neikos that erupts between Idas and Idmon in Apollonius' Argonautica . For the consecutive prophecies of Melampus and Amphiaraus, Statius drew inspiration from the dueling prophecies of Mopsus and Idmon in Valerius' poem. In particular, Statius' allusive gestures function to distinguish his epic project from that of his Flavian predecessor.
Odyssean Charisma and the Uses of Persuasion
Authors: Zerba Michelle
Published: September 2009

Challenging recent arguments that the implicit poetics of Homeric epic presents a poetry without rhetoric and a view of bards as independent of the context of performance, this article explores the Phaiakian episode in the Odyssey in an effort to demonstrate that the interactions between Odysseus' tale, the songs of Demodokos, and Homer's treatment of his hero reveal the workings of a rhetorical poetics. The predominance of a rhetorical stance in the poem is closely related to skepticism, the chief cognitive state of agents in the Odyssean world, and to the proto-Machiavellian treatment of aretē as a performative excellence combining practical intelligence, a situational approach to speech, and an appreciation for the relativism of value-traits that link rather than alienate the hero and the bard.
The Developmental Dimensions of Recognizing Racist Thoughts
Authors: Torres Vasti
Published: September 2009

This study focuses on understanding the developmental process that occurs when racist ideas are recognized as a part of college students’ thought processes. Longitudinal data were collected from 29 Latino/a college students in order to illustrate how these students made meaning of racist thoughts when they began to recognize it. The framework of self-authorship is used as an analytic tool to view the different developmental dimensions.
Stability and Change in Parental Attachment and Adjustment Outcomes During the First Semester Transition to College Life
Authors: Hiester Marnie , Nordstrom Alicia , Swenson Lisa M.
Published: September 2009

This study examined the relationship between parental attachment, changes in parental attachment, and psychological functioning and adjustment for college freshmen. Twice during the first semester, 271 freshmen completed self-report measures of parental attachment, psychological distress, self-competence, and college adjustment. Higher attachment security was associated with more positive outcomes for both men and women. Although individual differences in parental attachment remained consistent across the first semester, attachment security decreased for male students who lived at home. Students whose relationships with parents deteriorated over time had higher levels of distress and lower adjustment scores. Implications for college counselors are discussed.
Examining Trends in Intake Rates, Client Symptoms, Hopelessness, and Suicidality in a University Counseling Center over 12 Years
Authors: Hoeppner Bettina B. , Hoeppner Susanne S. , Campbell James F.
Published: September 2009

The question whether levels of psychopathology and symptom severity among university counseling center client populations are increasing or not has received a great deal of attention in professional psychology. We examined 12-year archival intake records of a university counseling center to test for trends regarding: (a) the overall number of student-clients seeking counseling, (b) the frequency with which specific symptoms were reported, (c) the number of times student-clients reported experiencing hopelessness at various levels of intensity, and (d) the number of times student-clients reported suicide ideation at two levels of intensity. The sample ( n = 6,676) was predominantly female (69.2%), White (80.2%), and on average 23.1 years old ( SD = 8.0). Individual intake records were converted into monthly counts, which were checked for linear trends over time using autoregressive models. No significant linear trends were found except for a small decreasing trend regarding the number of intake clients reporting advanced suicide ideation (β = –0.019, p = 0.027). Our findings suggest a long-term (i.e., more than 10-year) stability of student-clients’ self-reported symptoms, and corroborate previous findings of short-term (i.e., 5–8 years) stability of client distress at intake over time.
A Longitudinal Study Examining Changes in Students’ Leadership Behavior
Authors: Posner Barry Z.
Published: September 2009

This study investigated the impact of a leadership development program in students’ first year with the subsequent leadership behaviors of those students in their senior year. Significant changes were reported in the frequency of engaging in leadership behaviors from freshman to senior years. No differences were found on the basis of gender. In addition, significant differences in leadership behaviors were found between seniors who had participated in the leadership development program with a control group of seniors who had not participated. Results supported the impact of a formal leadership program upon students’ leadership development.
Student Development, Student Learning: Examining the Relation Between Epistemologic Development and Learning
Authors: Pizzolato Jane Elizabeth , Hicklen Sherrell T. , Brown Elizabeth Levine , Chaudhari Prema
Published: September 2009

Within the college student development literature, epistemologic development has been studied in the context of academic learning and outside of this context. However, investigation into if and how epistemologic development relates to academic behaviors and outcomes rarely has been studied. This study uses quantitative measures to explore the relationship between epistemologic development and academic performance as well as epistemologic development and academic behaviors and beliefs of high-risk students. Results indicated that a positive correlation existed between epistemologic development and academic achievement (grade point average [GPA]), but that the more explanatory relationship was in the relation between epistemologic development and achievement behaviors.
Sexual Communication, Sexual Goals, and Students’ Transition to College: Implications for Sexual Assault, Decision-Making, and Risky Behaviors
Authors: Lindgren Kristen P. , Schacht Rebecca L. , Pantalone David W. , Blayney Jessica A. , George William H.
Published: September 2009

A qualitative study was conducted to understand college students’ experiences and perceptions of sexual communication and sexual goals, and how they were affected by the transition from high school to college. Participants were heterosexual college students ( N = 29). Single-sex focus groups were conducted and analyzed for themes. Major themes included gender differences in communication of sexual interest, with men reportedly perceiving more sexualized intentions than women intended to communicate. Gender similarities were observed related to preferring indirect and nonverbal communication and to having more freedom to pursue sexual goals in college. Men focused more intently on casual sex goals, whereas women reported more relationship goals and concerns about reputation.
For Better and for Worse (There Again . . .)
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: September 2009

This article maps, across a wide range of works, the coordinates of Derrida's thinking of democracy and its relevance to a series of crucial concepts, from difference to autoimmunity. Distinguishing Derrida's idea of a “democracy to come” from the Kantian ideal, Bennington links it to Aristotle's insistence upon multiplicity and to a thinking of deviance and perversion, an appropriately deconstructive logic for thinking an absence of telos in democracy to come.
Derrida and Democracy
Authors: Culler Jonathan
Published: September 2009

This special issue began as a 2004 conference in honor of Jacques Derrida at Cornell University, organized by Philip E. Lewis. The topic selected for the conference was “Literature and Democracy,” and a citation from Derrida's “Passions: An Oblique Offering” served as point of departure: “No democracy without literature; no literature without democracy” [28]. This issue is a logical extension of that conference, offering a range of papers on various aspects of Derrida's thinking of democracy, some of which deal also with literature.
Time, Desire, Politics: A Reply to Ernesto Laclau
Authors: Hägglund Martin
Published: September 2009

The paper elucidates the author's conception of finitude and the logic of survival, which involves a deconstruction of the opposition between mortality and immortality. Returning to Laclau's deployment of a psychoanalytic conception of lack in his thinking of politics, the paper concludes with a discussion of democracy. Radical atheism does not seek to replace Laclau's approach to politics, as a struggle through articulation for a hegemonic position, but to demonstrate through immanent critique that it requires a different conception of desire.
Rogue Democracy
Authors: Weber Samuel
Published: September 2009

Departing from Derrida's Rogues, this article outlines the political dimensions of Derrida's later work, especially his engagement with Carl Schmitt's concept of the political and the state of exception and his own elaboration of the notions of sovereignty and of autoimmunity.
“The Most Interesting Thing in the World”
Authors: Culler Jonathan
Published: September 2009

The topic of the relation between literature and democracy in Derrida's thinking is introduced, focusing especially on the problem of the secret, which has loomed large in Derrida's late discussions of both literature and democracy.
A Genealogy of Violence, from Light to the Autoimmune
Authors: Haddad Samir
Published: September 2009

This essay explores the treatment of violence in Derrida's ethico-political work, stressing the underlying continuity of Derrida's thinking of politics, from his first reading of Levinas to one of the last notions he developed, autoimmunity. Haddad analyzes the use to which the idea of a “lesser violence” has been put, arguing that it is incompatible with Derrida's other claims.
Passionate Secrets and Democratic Dissidence
Authors: Wills David
Published: September 2009

This essay begins in the mode of exposition of the problem of the secret as the link between literature and democracy but moves to respond to Derrida's text with a “heretical rewriting,” pursuing the notions of heresy and of rhetorical dissidence and the functioning of the anecdote, which illuminate Derrida's account of democracy
Nondialectical Materialism
Authors: Cheah Pheng
Published: September 2009

This article explores the implications of Derrida's suggestion in several texts that, while a classic dialectical materialism partakes of logocentrism, other sorts of nondialectical materialism would be possible. The nondialectical materialisms that emerge from the work of Derrida and that of Gilles Deleuze resist or evade the teleology of the dialectic in different ways. Because Derrida understands material force as the reference to the impossible other and Deleuze views materiality in terms of impersonal and preindividual forces, materiality, even if it is not unfigurable as such, is not easily instantiated by concrete figures that are recognizable by political discourse.
Signed Paine, or Panic in Literature
Authors: Kamuf Peggy
Published: September 2009

Though it reflects on the play of Paine's name and links it can establish, this essay is concerned with the role of fiction in the performativity of texts, both literary and nonliterary, and especially texts which, like Thomas Paine's Common Sense , affect to abjure any literariness for their political efficacy. The author reads Paine with Blanchot in elucidating the power of a certain fictionality, at work for instance in the performatives that found a democratic nation.
Untread and Untried: Nietzsche Reads Derridemocracy
Authors: Ronell Avital
Published: September 2009

Exploiting puns that reveal suggestive conceptual connections, this article incorporates a reading of Derrida on literature and democracy in a Derridean reading of Nietzsche, that antidemocrat, who offers a link by which to explore some of Derrida's more concealed utterances on the related subjects of futurity, political formations, the will to fiction, and acts of promising. Focusing on Beyond Good and Evil , riding the motif of testing , the question is taken up of a new species of philosopher, “the coming philosophers,” and the problem of the feminine in Nietzsche, which should be grafted onto it, as an opening onto the “to come.”
Pulsations of Respect, or Winged Impossibility: Literature with Deconstruction
Authors: Sussman Henry
Published: September 2009

This tribute to Jacques Derrida takes in the sweep of his orchestration of literature with philosophy, as two “counterposed moments” of his interrogation of the working of language and thought. Focusing especially on his reading of Mallarmé, which distills the philosophical resonance of discourse that identifies itself as literary, and on Specters of Marx , which displays the political resonance of deconstruction, Sussman also turns to Derrida's reading of Blanchot as a figure who resumes the tension between the literary and the philosophical but who “inscribes life, in all its impossible conditions.”
Knowledge of the Future: Future Fables
Authors: Klein Richard
Published: September 2009

Derrida's lecture “No Apocalypse, Not Now (Full Speed Ahead, Seven Missiles, Seven Missives)” is linked here to his discussions of 9/11, which share a concern with fables of the future, fictions or fables that condition the political and economic life of the present. This article is a reflection on futurity and the event, including the possibility of the destruction of the archive, in which, as Derrida put it, what is at stake “is nothing less than the existence of the world, of the worldwide itself.” The power of the worst to haunt our unconscious requires the greatest vigilance.
Spectral Gatherings: Derrida, Celan, and the Covenant of the Word
Authors: Levine Michael G.
Published: September 2009

Taking as its point of departure Derrida's essay “Shibboleth: For Paul Celan,” this article is concerned with the relation between the poetic discourse of several Celan lyrics and the problematic of circumcision—as religious operation, wound, inscription, linguistic structure—foregrounded in Derrida's reading, and thus on the relation between the event of Celan's lyric, the critical language with which Derrida and other readers engage it, and the discourse of Jewish identity. Also crucial is the relation to Kafka, since the lyric principally under investigation here, Celan's “Einem, der vor der Tür stand,” alludes to Kafka's parable “Before the Law.”
Is Radical Atheism a Good Name for Deconstruction?
Authors: Laclau Ernesto
Published: September 2009

In Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, Martin Hägglund fails to proceed deconstructively in his conception of radical atheism, opting instead for one term of an opposition, between the desire for immortality and an irreducible mortality that structures all human desire, rather than exploring the contamination of one term of an opposition by the other. The paper also responds to Hägglund's criticism of the author's account of articulation.
Serge Doubrovsky ou « qu’est-ce qu’une écriture originale » ou encore « comment inventer un langage de perroquet » ( f ° 1305)
Authors: Grell Isabelle
Published: September 2009

En écrivant Fils , Serge Doubrovsky a voulu rendre hommage à sa mère qui voulait toujours que son fils soit écrivain. Mais quand il faut écrire pour deux, quand on est soi-même double – ou plus – que faire? Dans les avant-textes de Fils , on découvre ce fils de Maman, mais aussi un intellectuel en psychanalyse, un professeur déchiré mais pas peu fier de sa renommée, le neveu de son oncle-fable, le Juif séquestré, l'homme qui ne peut pas vivre sans femme, sans plaire. L'intellectuel qui doit trouver son propre langage.
Gender Melancholy in Doubrovsky’s autofictions
Authors: Boulé Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2009

Through the theme of gender melancholy, this article explores the gender regime in Serge Doubrovsky’s life and works. A structure of binary oppositions emerges, reflected in the very different relations he entertains with men and women. In writing, the writer feels he can express his bisexuality, aided by the androgynous genre of autofiction. Since gender melancholy involves the act of mourning, the article concludes that mourning and death are omnipresent Doubrovskian themes.
« Le Moi, la fiction et l’Histoire »: la petite et la grande Histoire
Authors: Ponchon Catherine
Published: September 2009

L’autofiction doubrovskienne n’est-elle pas la réponse singulière d’un homme aux douloureuses années de guerre puis sa lente métamorphose par l’alchimie du verbe en une fiction de soi? Puiserait-elle ainsi son origine dans les années 40? Cet article se propose d’analyser leur rôle dans la poétique de l’auteur.
Serge Doubrovsky: Life, Writing, Legacy
Authors: Jones Elizabeth H.
Published: September 2009

This article introduces Serge Doubrovsky’s life and work, emphasising his divided and fractured identity. It outlines his literary achievements, as an author and a proponent of the term ‘autofiction’, and argues that his work has been strongly influenced by the period in which he has lived. The studies of this issue of L’Esprit Créateur are introduced and contextualised.
Mémoire, traumatisme, ressassement dans La Dispersion
Authors: Saveau Patrick
Published: September 2009

‘Je suis fiché à l’an 40’. Que ce soit dans ces livres, ces entretiens ou dans sa correspondance avec l’auteur de cet essai, Serge Doubrovsky a toujours affirmé qu’il était inconcevable de comprendre son œuvre si l’on ne tenait pas compte de cette période de l’Histoire qui constitue un traumatisme dont Doubrovsky n’a jamais pu et ne pourra jamais se débarrasser. Cette étude montre comment La Dispersion explicite ce traumatisme dans toute sa tragique profondeur avant de faire l’objet d’un ressassement dans l’œuvre à venir.
Serge Doubrovsky : le paradoxe d’un homme exporté et d’une œuvre inexportable
Authors: Doubrovsky Serge , Jones Elizabeth H.
Published: September 2009

In this September 2008 interview, Doubrovsky sheds light upon the importance of space in his life and œuvre. He examines his complex relationship with Frenchness, Jewishness and his migration to the United States, and addresses the role of his divided sense of self in his literary writings. His motivation for writing his current and last book is to confront the final chapter of his life. His greatest achievement is to have added the word ‘autofiction’ to the French language.
Le Carnavalesque dans l’écriture critique de Serge Doubrovsky
Authors: Pennanech Florian
Published: September 2009

L’article s’attache à détecter la présence des invariants du carnavalesque dans l’écriture critique de Serge Doubrovsky telle qu’elle apparaît dans La Place de la madeleine , ouvrage consacré à Proust. Les enjeux herméneutiques et esthétiques du renversement carnavalesque sont envisagés à partir d’une réflexion sur l’organicisme omniprésent dans cet essai critique.
Autofiction as Allofiction: Doubrovsky’s L’Après-vivre
Authors: Mortimer Armine Kotin
Published: September 2009

The concept of “allofiction” contributes to the definition of the hybrid, multiple genre of autofiction. In L’Après-vivre , the autofictional narrative is applied to Henri Weitzmann, uncle of the narrator; the role of the other provides a constituent of the autofictive account of the self.