bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Insight on Open‐Structured Sodium Vanadium Oxide as High‐Capacity and Long Life Cathode for Zn–Ion Storage: Structure, Electrochemistry, and First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Jo Jae Hyeon , Aniskevich Yauhen , Kim Jongsoon , Choi Ji Ung , Kim Hee Jae , Jung Young Hwa , Ahn Docheon , Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Lee Kug‐Seung , Song Seok Hyun , Kim Hyungsub , Ragoisha Genady , Mazanik Alexander , Streltsov Eugene , Myung Seung‐Taek
Published: September 2020

Herein, the promising properties of open‐structured NaV3O8 as a cathode material for Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are investigated. First‐principles calculations predict the insertion of Zn2+ (0.74 Å) in NaV3O8 with an interlayer distance of ≈7 Å, enabling delivery of a high discharge capacity of 353 mAh g−1 at 70 mA g−1 (0.2 C) for 300 cycles in the operating window of 0.3−1.5 V in 1 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous solution. Operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and first‐principles calculations validate the insertion of Zn2+ into the NaV3O8 structure within the operation range. Moreover, operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and operando Raman spectroscopy reveal the formation of layered zinc hydroxytriflate (Zn5(OH)8(CF3SO3)2∙xH2O) as a side reaction below 0.8 V on discharge (reduction) and its dissolution into the electrolyte above 0.8 V on charge (oxidation). The formation of the Zn hydroxytriflate interfacial layer increases the charge‐transfer activation energy from 15.5 to 48 kJ mol−1, leading to kinetics fade below 0.8 V. The findings reveal the charge‐storage mechanism for NaV3O8, which may also be applicable to other vanadate cathodes, providing new insights for the investigation and design of ZIBs.
Achieving High‐Performance and 2000 h Stability in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by Manipulating Ionomer Properties and Electrode Optimization
Authors: Ul Hassan Noor , Mandal Mrinmay , Huang Garrett , Firouzjaie Horie Adabi , Kohl Paul A. , Mustain William E.
Published: September 2020

The primary function of the ionomers that are incorporated into fuel cell electrode catalyst layers is to provide pathways for ion transport between the catalyst active sites and the electrolyte. This is influenced by many variables, including the ion‐exchange capacity, water uptake, and molecular weight. In anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), controlling ionomer water uptake is particularly important and tailoring this property in each electrode is an important consideration when looking to maximize cell performance. In this study, three poly(norbornene) tetrablock copolymer ionomers with a range of physical properties are synthesized and incorporated into AEMFC anode and cathode electrodes. Systematic electrode engineering with these ionomers allows the peak power density to be increased by 100% (1.6 W cm‐2 → 3.2 W cm‐2) and the current density at 0.2 V to be increased by 59% (5.9 A cm‐2 → 9.4 A cm‐2). Moreover, the top‐performing electrode configuration is tested in an operating AEMFC at the US Department of Energy defined current density of 600 mA cm‐2 for 2000 h, showing a record‐low voltage decay rate of 15.36 µV h‐1 – only 3.65% –a over 2000 h. This work sets a new bar for AEMFCs, reporting the best combination of performance and durability of any AEMFC to date.
Vacancy‐Driven High Rate Capabilities in Calcium‐Doped Na0.4MnO2 Cathodes for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chae Munseok S. , Chakraborty Arup , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj , Attias Ran , Maddukuri Satyanarayana , Gofer Yosef , Major Dan Thomas , Aurbach Doron
Published: September 2020

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries are expected to be low‐cost, safe, and environmentally friendly systems for large scale energy storage due to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, only a few candidates have been reported for cathodes and there is a need to develop new practical host materials with improved electrochemical performance. Here, tunnel‐type, calcium‐doped, sodium manganese oxide is demonstrated as a novel cathode material, ultrafast rate capabilities and superior high‐rate cycling stability—98.8% capacity retention at the 1000th cycle—for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries. Advanced structural analysis of the Ca0.07Na0.26MnO2 material using X‐ray diffraction and ab initio calculations identify the calcium sites and indicate a plausible sodium diffusion mechanism. Calcium preferentially substitutes at the Na(1) sites among the three different types of Na sites. This substitution creates vacancies at the Na(2) and Na(3) sites. Calculations of the energy barrier for Na ion diffusion indicate that diffusion along the Na(2)‐to‐Na(2) and Na(2)‐to‐Na(3) pathways is the most feasible. These vacancies provide improved diffusion kinetics and show 43% capacity enhancement at 50 C‐rate. The results suggest that Ca0.07Na0.26MnO2 is a promising cathode material for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries, and provide an improved fundamental understanding of sodium storage mechanisms.
EVEN‐PLUS syndrome: A case report with novel variants in HSPA9 and evidence of HSPA9 gene dysfunction
Authors: Younger Georgianne , Vetrini Francesco , Weaver David D. , Lynnes Ty C. , Treat Kayla , Pratt Victoria M. , Torres‐Martinez Wilfredo
Published: September 2020

EVEN‐PLUS syndrome is a rare condition characterized by its involvement of the Epiphyses, Vertebrae, Ears, and Nose, PLUS other associated findings. We report here the fifth case of EVEN‐PLUS syndrome with novel variants c.818 T > G (p.L273X) and c.955C > T (p.L319F) in the HSPA9 gene identified through whole‐exome sequencing. The patient is the first male known to be affected and presented with additional features not previously described with EVEN‐PLUS syndrome. These features include agenesis of the septum pellucidum, a short chest and sternum, 13 pairs of ribs, a single hemivertebra, laterally displaced nipples, hydronephrosis, unilateral cryptorchidism, unilateral single palmar crease, bilateral clubfoot, and hypotonia. qPCR analysis provides supporting evidence for a nonsense‐mediated decay mechanism for the HSPA9 truncating variant. In silico 3D modeling supports the pathogenicity of the c.955C > T (p.L319F) missense variant. The study presented here further describes the syndrome and broadens its mutational and phenotypic spectrum. Our study also lends support to HSPA9 variants as the underlying etiology of EVEN‐PLUS syndrome and ultimately provides a better understanding of the molecular basis of the condition.
Gorilla calcaneal morphological variation and ecological divergence
Authors: Harper Christine M. , Ruff Christopher B. , Sylvester Adam D.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The primate foot has been extensively investigated because of its role in weight‐bearing; however, the calcaneus has been relatively understudied. Here we examine entire gorilla calcaneal external shape to understand its relationship with locomotor behavior.

Materials and methods

Calcanei ofGorilla gorilla gorilla(n= 43),Gorilla beringei graueri(n= 20), andGorilla beringei beringei(n= 15) were surface or micro‐CT scanned. External shape was analyzed through a three‐dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis. Semilandmarks were slid relative to an updated Procrustes average in order to minimize the bending energy of the thin plate spline interpolation function. Shape variation was summarized using principal components analysis of shape coordinates. Procrustes distances between taxa averages were calculated and resampling statistics run to test pairwise differences. Linear measures were collected and regressed against estimated body mass.

Results

All three taxa exhibit statistically different morphologies (p< .001 for pairwise comparisons).G. g. gorillademonstrates an anteroposteriorly elongated calcaneus with a deeper cuboid pivot region and mediolaterally flatter posterior talar facet.G. b. beringeipossesses the flattest cuboid and most medially‐angled posterior talar facets.G. b. graueridemonstrates intermediate articular facet morphology, a medially‐angled tuberosity, and an elongated peroneal trochlea.

Discussion

Articular facet differences separate gorillas along a locomotor gradient.G. g. gorillais adapted for arboreality with greater joint mobility, whileG. b. beringeiis adapted for more stereotypical loads associated with terrestriality.G. b. graueri'sunique posterolateral morphology may be due to a secondary transition to greater arboreality from a more terrestrial ancestor.
Sensitivity–Specificity of Tau and Amyloid β Positron Emission Tomography in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: Ghirelli Alma , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Clark Heather M. , Ali Farwa , Botha Hugo , Duffy Joseph R. , Utianski Rene L. , Buciuc Marina , Murray Melissa E. , Labuzan Sydney A. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Machulda Mary M. , Baker Matthew , Rademakers Rosa , Filippi Massimo , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To examine associations between tau and amyloid β (Aβ) molecular positron emission tomography (PET) and both Alzheimer‐related pathology and 4‐repeat tau pathology in autopsy‐confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Methods

Twenty‐four patients had [18F]‐flortaucipir–PET and died with FTLD (progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], n = 10; corticobasal degeneration [CBD], n = 10; FTLD‐TDP, n = 3; and Pick disease, n = 1). All but 1 had Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)‐PET. Braak staging, Aβ plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts, and semiquantitative tau lesion scores were performed. Flortaucipir standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated in a temporal meta region of interest (meta‐ROI), entorhinal cortex and cortical/subcortical regions selected to match the tau lesion analysis. Global PiB SUVR was calculated. Autoradiography was performed in 1 PSP patient, with digital pathology used to quantify tau burden.

Results

Nine cases (37.5%) had Aβ plaques. Global PiB SUVR correlated with Aβ plaque count, with 100% specificity and 50% sensitivity for diffuse plaques. Twenty‐one (87.5%) had Braak stages I to IV. Flortaucipir correlated with neurofibrillary tangle counts in entorhinal cortex, but entorhinal and meta‐ROI SUVRs were not elevated in Braak IV or primary age‐related tauopathy. Flortaucipir uptake patterns differed across FTLD pathologies and could separate PSP and CBD. Flortaucipir correlated with tau lesion score in red nucleus and midbrain tegmentum across patients, but not in cortical or basal ganglia regions. Autoradiography demonstrated minimal uptake of flortaucipir, although flortaucipir correlated with quantitative tau burden across regions.

Interpretation

Molecular PET shows expected correlations with Alzheimer‐related pathology but lacks sensitivity to detect mild Alzheimer pathology in FTLD. Regional flortaucipir uptake was able to separate CBD and PSP. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1009–1022
Experimental study on ultra‐low NOx emissions from pulverized coal preheating combustion
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhu Jianguo , Lyu Qinggang , Liu Jingzhang , Pan Fei
Published: September 2020

Realizing ultra‐low NOx emissions during coal combustion is currently a development trend and technical bottleneck of coal combustion technology. To further exploit the low‐nitrogen potentialities in preheating combustion technology, the preheating characteristics, combustion characteristics, and NOx emission characteristics of pulverized coal, after changing operating parameters such as the air equivalence ratio of circulating fluidized bed, preheating temperature, combustion temperature, and air equivalence ratio in the reduction zone, are explored. The experimental results show that changing the operating parameters has a great impact on the composition of high‐temperature coal gas, the particle size, apparent morphology, and specific surface area of the high‐temperature preheated char after preheating. Properly adjusting the operating parameters can effectively reduce NOx emissions. Based on the explored principle, experiments were designed, and the goal of reducing the initial NOx emissions from coal combustion to less than 50 mg/m3 (the average emissions were 46 mg/m3 [@ 6% O2]) was successfully achieved. The research of this paper provides the most basic experimental guidance and theoretical support for achieving ultra‐low NOx emissions during the engineering pulverized coal combustion.
Realization of reversible thermochromic polydiacetylene through silica nanoparticle surface modification
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zeng Chanjuan , Ge Fangqing , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia
Published: September 2020

The novel functionalized poly(silanization alcoholamine diacetylene)/silica nanoparticles (poly(SiDGADA)/SiO2 nanoparticles) have been achieved for reversible thermochromism. The silanized alcoholamine diacetylenic monomer (SiDGADA) is condensed with the hydroxyl group of SiO2 nanoparticle via hydrolysis of the SiDGADA siloxy group, followed by fixation after being polymerized upon UV light stimulation. The maximum thermal decomposition rate of the SiDGADA/SiO2 nanoparticles is 0.65%/°C at 460°C, while the maximum thermal decomposition rate of the SiDGADA is 1.92%/°C at 400°C. Poly(SiDGADA)/SiO2 nanoparticles appears a blue phase after photo polymerization and exhibits a distinctive red phase at the discoloration temperature of 65°C, which is 5°C higher than that of the pure poly(SiDGADA). It shows excellent reversible thermochromic properties, undergoing stable reciprocal blue‐to‐red conversion from 25 to 65°C, and returning to bluish violet after cooling. The extension of the SiDGADA alkyl chain length with formation of the covalent bond, to promote the interaction between the alkyl chains of polydiacetylene (PDA). This work provides a strategy to effectively improve the reversibility of thermochromic PDA.
Friendly fire: Shakespeare's accidental enemies, a review of the Shakespeare authorship controversy
Authors: Waugaman Richard M.
Published: September 2020

Some might consider Shakespeare authorship heretics (sometimes called “anti‐Stratfordians”) to be enemies of the author Shakespeare. However, as a Shakespeare authorship dissident myself, I will offer a different and possibly counterintuitive perspective on the topic of “Shakespeare's Enemies.” Namely, that it is mainstream Shakespeare scholars who inadvertently undermine our understanding of the author Shakespeare and prevent us from making vital connections between the works and their true author. They are not enemies of the works of Shakespeare, of course, but unintentional “enemies” of our search for the truth about the author of those works. A core unexamined assumption of the traditional theory is that early references to “Shakespeare” were indisputably references to Shakespeare of Stratford, despite recent scholarship that demonstrates his Elizabethan era was a golden age of pen names and other forms of anonymous authorship. Circular thinking and other manifestations of groupthink follow in the wake of this foundational assumption. I will summarize some of the abundant evidence pointing to Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford, as the actual author of the Shakespeare canon.
Structural detailing of buried Roman baths through GPR inspection
Authors: Bianchini Ciampoli Luca , Santarelli Roberta , Loreti Ersilia M. , Ten Alessandra , Benedetto Andrea
Published: September 2020

This article deals with a geophysical experimental activity carried out in the Maxentius Complex, an archaeological site located in Rome, Italy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the structural detailing of buried roman baths structures. As a result, GPR allowed to confirm the literature‐based information, i.e. to precisely locate the tanks of the thermal area. Their presence was already known through previous excavation but then buried and no longer visible. In addition, the tomographic analysis highlighted the presence of two further tanks, thereby suggesting the possibility of further rooms to be located close to the known ones. This assumption was also confirmed by tomographic analysis, which stressed out a wall pattern that seems to suggest the presence of further rooms in the top‐right side of the area. In general terms, GPR demonstrated a great applicability to archaeological purposes, despite the reliability and productivity of the data interpretation is strongly influenced by the expertise of both the geophysicists and the archaeologists involved.
On the information properties of working used systems using dynamic signature
Authors: Toomaj Abdolsaeed , Chahkandi Majid , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
Published: September 2020

Shannon entropy is a useful criterion for measuring the uncertainty (predictability) of lifetimes of engineering systems. In this work, we provide an explicit expression for the entropy of the residual lifetime of a working used system with exactly i failed components at time t, using dynamic signature. We also present additional results on bounds and ordering properties for the proposed entropy. We find an expression for the Jensen‐Shannon (JS) divergence of the residual lifetime of a working used system, and show that the JS divergence of the system is equal to that of its dual. An improved bound for the JS divergence is also obtained. Finally, based on the proposed entropy, we introduce a criterion using which we can prefer a system. This criterion, a distribution‐free measure that only depends on the dynamic signature, ranks systems based on their closeness to extreme systems.
Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mogensen Rasmine L. H. , Hedegaard Maja B. , Olsen Ludvig R. , Gebauer Line
Published: September 2020

Our memories are made of detailed sensory information representing the puzzle pieces of our personal past. The type of memory integrating sensory features is referred to as relational memory. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether relational memory is affected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) since altered relational memory may contribute to atypical episodic memory observed in ASD. We also examined the association between perceptual style and relational memory abilities. Children with ASD (n = 14) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 16, 9–15 years old) completed a memory task with three conditions: two single‐feature conditions measuring memory for objects and locations, and one relational memory condition measuring memory for objects and their locations combined. The Children's embedded figures test was administered to measure perceptual style. The ASD group selected more incorrect stimuli (false alarms) than the TD group, resulting in a lower proportion of correctly recognized targets across all memory conditions. The ASD group did not display a more local perceptual style than the TD group. However, perceptual style was associated with improved memory abilities across conditions. Our findings indicate that the overall memory performance of children with ASD is less stable, leading them to more incorrect responses than TD children. This may be due to the executive demands of the memory tasks, rather than specific impairments in memory binding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1959‐1969. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC

Lay Summary

The present study shows that children with autism have a less stable memory than typically developed children, which is reflected in a higher amount of incorrect memory responses. Overall, our results indicate that children with autism display difficulties in differentiating previously studied from novel information when solving both single‐feature memory tasks and a relational memory task (requiring memory of combination of features). These difficulties may have implications for how children with autism remember episodes from their personal past.
Age and Location in Severity of COVID‐19 Pathology: Do Lactoferrin and Pneumococcal Vaccination Explain Low Infant Mortality and Regional Differences?
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Robert
Published: September 2020

Two conundrums puzzle COVID‐19 investigators: 1) morbidity and mortality is rare among infants and young children and 2) rates of morbidity and mortality exhibit large variances across nations, locales, and even within cities. It is found that the higher the rate of pneumococcal vaccination in a nation (or city) the lower the COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality. Vaccination rates with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin, poliovirus, and other vaccines do not correlate with COVID‐19 risks, nor do COVID‐19 case or death rates correlate with number of people in the population with diabetes, obesity, or adults over 65. Infant protection may be due to maternal antibodies and antiviral proteins in milk such as lactoferrin that are known to protect against coronavirus infections. Subsequent protection might then be conferred (and correlate with) rates of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) (universal in infants) and pneumococcal vaccination, the latter varying widely by geography among infants, at‐risk adults, and the elderly. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/GODBYRbPL00.
Hydrogel‐Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Abdollahiyan Parinaz , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , de la Guardia Miguel
Published: September 2020

As a milestone in soft and hard tissue engineering, a precise control over the micropatterns of scaffolds has lightened new opportunities for the recapitulation of native body organs through three dimentional (3D) bioprinting approaches. Well‐printable bioinks are prerequisites for the bioprinting of tissues/organs where hydrogels play a critical role. Despite the outstanding developments in 3D engineered microstructures, current printer devices suffer from the risk of exposing loaded living agents to mechanical (nozzle‐based) and thermal (nozzle‐free) stresses. Thus, tuning the rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of hydrogels is a promising solution to address these issues. The relationship between the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels and their printability is important to control printing quality and fidelity. Recent developments in defining this relationship have highlighted the decisive role of main additive manufacturing strategies. These strategies are applied to enhance the printing quality of scaffolds and determine the nurture of cellular morphology. In this regard, it is beneficial to use external and internal stabilization, photocurable biopolymers, and cooling substrates containing the printed scaffolds. The objective of this study is to review cutting‐edge developments in hydrogel‐type bioinks and discuss the optimum simulation of the zonal stratification in osteochondral and cartilage units.
A peroxidase coordinating to Zn (II) preventing heme bleaching and resistant to the interference of H2O2
Authors: Fu Yaqi , Jiang Zhengfeng , Feng Wei
Published: September 2020

Dehaloperoxidase (DHP) catalyzes detoxifying halophenols. It is a heme‐containing enzyme using H2O2 as the oxidant. Heme bleaching from the active site is of great concern. In addition, the interference of DHP by H2O2 leads to the inactivation of the enzyme. To solve these two problems, DHP is coordinated to Zn (II) in PBS buffer to form a biomineralized composite (DHP&Zn‐CP). DHP&Zn‐CP was characterized by measuring SEM and confocal images, as well as energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry mapping. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated that DHP&Zn‐CP can prevent heme bleaching. Two‐dimensional FTIR spectra were measured, dynamically providing insight into the structural change of DHP along the coordination process. Raman spectra were performed to analyze the structural change. The optical spectra confirmed that the forming of DHP&Zn‐CP had a little effect on the structures of DHP. For the dehalogenation of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, DHP&Zn‐CP can tolerate the presence of H2O2 and is resistant to the interference by H2O2. The catalytic efficiency of DHP&Zn‐CP is much higher than that of free DHP.
Transparent object segmentation from casually captured videos
Authors: Liao Jie , Fu Yanping , Yan Qingan , Xiao Chunxia
Published: September 2020

Segmentation of transparent objects from sequences can be very useful in computer vision applications. However, without additional auxiliary information it can be hard work for traditional segmentation methods, as light in the transparent area captured by RGB cameras mostly derive from the background and the appearance of transparent objects changes with surroundings. In this article, we present a from‐coarse‐to‐fine transparent object segmentation method, which utilizes trajectory clustering to roughly distinguish the transparent from the background and refine the segmentation based on combination information of color and distortion. We further incorporate the transparency saliency with color and trajectory smoothness throughout the video to acquire a spatiotemporal segmentation based on graph‐cut. We conduct our method on various datasets. The results demonstrate that our method can successfully segment transparent objects from the background.
Preschoolers with ADHD medicated with stimulants decreasing, A2As increasing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2020

The diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is decreasing among children ages 2 to 5 in Kentucky, but the use of alpha‐2 agonists (A2As, such as clonidine and guanfacine) is increasing, and the use of stimulants is decreasing. The researchers urge long‐term follow‐up of these children, as well as vigilance in checking diagnosis and treatment. For the study, published in Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, which is based on Medicaid claims, the researchers were not able to ascertain whether the diagnoses or the treatments were appropriate.
Effect of agronomic management on rice grain quality Part III: Australian water‐saving irrigation practices
Authors: Wood Rachael M. , Dunn Brian W. , Waters Daniel L. E , Blanchard Christopher L. , Mawson Andrew John , Oli Prakash
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Water availability is a significant issue in rice‐producing regions that are entirely dependent on irrigation and has led to the development of water‐saving (WS) techniques. Delayed permanent water (DPW) and delayed permanent water with a post‐flower flush (DPW + PFF) are WS methods suitable for temperate areas such as southeastern Australia. Currently, the impact of DPW and DPW + PFF on rice grain quality in southeastern Australia is poorly understood. We compared the effect of DPW and DPW + PFF with conventional irrigation methods on grain development and quality over three years.

Findings

Above 60 kg N/ha, head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling) was higher in the WS methods compared to plants grown with conventional irrigation methods. The WS methods reduced grain‐filling duration while prolonging the grain‐ripening phase due to a slower infield grain drying, which had a positive effect on HRY. When analyzing cooking parameters, RVA peak viscosity was lower in DPW + PFF compared to permanent flood, which increased RVA setback despite no differences in amylose and total protein content. DPW and DPW + PFF altered the grain protein composition improving HRY and affected the rice flour pasting properties.

Conclusion

These results indicate that DPW and DPW + PFF do not negatively impact milling quality at N rates above 60 kg/ha. However, changes in protein composition by DPW and DPW + PFF affected the cooking parameters.

Significance and novelty

These results are important for Australian and global rice producers who need to reduce their water inputs due to drought and receive financial penalties for poor quality grain. Our study is the first to provide a multiyear analysis of the effect of DPW and DPW + PFF on grain quality.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Sulfoxonium Ylides and 1,3‐Diynes to Produce Naphthol‐Indole Derivatives: An Arene ortho C−H Activation/Annulation Cascade
Authors: Liu Ruixing , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: September 2020

Synthesis of naphthol‐indoles starting from easily available 1,3‐diynes and sulfoxonium ylides via RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation/hydroamination cascade process in a one pot manner has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a RhIII‐catalyzed arene ortho C−H activation and silver‐catalyzed hydroamination cascade to afford a variety of C2 position functionalized indoles in good yields with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Design, Synthesis and SAR Studies of Novel and Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Luo Na , Fang Xiaoyu , Su Mingbo , Zhang Xinwen , Li Dan , Li Honglin , Li Shiliang , Zhao Zhenjiang
Published: September 2020

Main observation and conclusion

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) is a clinically validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To discover novel and potent DPP‐4 inhibitors, three series of compounds were designed and synthesized in this study based on our previously identified novel scaffold of 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐amine. Among the designed compounds, 41d‐1 was the most potent one with an IC50 value of 16.00 nM. Besides, 41d‐1 (5 mg/kg) displayed a moderate glucose tolerance capability in ICR mice. Structure‐activity‐relationship (SAR) studies were discussed in detail, which is constructive for our further optimization.
Development and migration of the zebrafish rhombencephalic octavolateral efferent neurons
Authors: Beiriger Anastasia , Narayan Sweta , Singh Noor , Prince Victoria
Published: September 2020

In vertebrate animals, motor and sensory efferent neurons carry information from the central nervous system (CNS) to peripheral targets. These two types of efferent systems sometimes bear a close resemblance, sharing common segmental organization, axon pathways, and chemical messengers. Here, we focus on the development of the octavolateral efferent neurons (OENs) and their interactions with the closely‐related facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in zebrafish. Using live‐imaging approaches, we investigate the birth, migration, and projection patterns of OENs. We find that OENs are born in two distinct groups: a group of rostral efferent neurons (RENs) that arises in the fourth segment, or rhombomere (r4), of the hindbrain and a group of caudal efferent neurons (CENs) that arises in r5. Both RENs and CENs then migrate posteriorly through the hindbrain between 18 and 48 hrs postfertilization, alongside the r4‐derived FBMNs. Like the FBMNs, migration of the r4‐derived RENs depends on function of the segmental identity gene hoxb1a; unlike the FBMNs, however, both OEN populations move independently of prickle1b. Further, we investigate whether the previously described “pioneer” neuron that leads FBMN migration through the hindbrain is an r4‐derived FBMN/REN or an r5‐derived CEN. Our experiments verify that the pioneer is an r4‐derived neuron and reaffirm its role in leading FBMN migration across the r4/5 border. In contrast, the r5‐derived CENs migrate independently of the pioneer. Together, these results indicate that the mechanisms OENs use to navigate the hindbrain differ significantly from those employed by FBMNs.
Evaluating climate changes and land use changes on water resources using hybrid Soil and Water Assessment Tool‐DEEP optimized by metaheuristics
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Mizzi Scott
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of land‐use and climate change on the volume of runoff produced and its impact on water resources. It is clear that the more accurate the assessment of runoff in the future, the better the evaluation of the impact of land‐use and climate changes on water resources. Thus, to more accurately predict water sources in the future, runoff is estimated using two Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and SWAT‐DEEP‐IFSO models. The results showed that the SWAT‐DEEP‐IFSO model has a better estimation than the SWAT method. Because Deep Belief Network and an improved optimization algorithm called Improved Fluid Search Optimization (IFSO) algorithm have been utilized in optimizing the hybrid SWAT model that can reduce the error of runoff simulation. After selecting the best model for estimating runoff, the effect of land‐use and climate change is evaluated using different scenarios. Results show that the simulated runoff under the influence of climate and land‐use changes can impact on the average yearly and monthly runoff. These factors have a significant effect on the average yearly runoff changes and are predicted an increasing trend for average yearly runoff. But climate and land‐use changes have a different impact on the different months and for some months of the year the runoff has an increasing trend and for some months the runoff has a decreasing trend. Based on land‐use scenarios, it is found that due to the decrease in rangelands and increase in agricultural lands, there is a possibility of severe floods and drought periods in the region, which reduces the water resources of the study area.
Changing the Clinical Paradigm of Hydroxyurea Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia Through Precision Medicine
Authors: Dong Min , McGann Patrick T.
Published: September 2020

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a common and devastating inherited blood disorder, affecting millions of people across the world. Without treatment, SCA results in tremendous morbidity and early mortality. Hydroxyurea is the primary and most well‐established pharmacologic therapy with proven benefits to ameliorate the clinical course of SCA, primarily due to its ability to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which prevents sickling of red blood cells. The optimal induction of HbF depends upon selection and maintenance of the proper dose that maximizes benefits and minimizes toxicity. Due to the significant interpatient variability in hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dosing, most patients treated with hydroxyurea receive suboptimal doses and have only modest treatment responses. Recognizing this variability, using a precision medicine approach, we developed and prospectively evaluated an individualized dosing model for children with SCA, designed to optimize the hydroxyurea dose and clinical response. We utilize novel laboratory methods and a sparse sampling strategy requiring only 10 μL of blood collected 15 minutes, 60 minutes, and 180 minutes after a test dose. We use Bayesian adaptive control to estimate hydroxyurea exposure and to select an individual, optimal starting dose. This dosing model has resulted in HbF responses >30–40%, levels beyond what is achieved with traditional weight‐based dosing and trial and error dose escalation. This hydroxyurea dosing strategy, if widely implemented, has the potential to change the treatment paradigm of hydroxyurea therapy and improve outcomes for the millions of patients with SCA across the world.
The role of dynamic capabilities in circular economy implementation and performance of companies
Authors: Khan Owais , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: September 2020

Although most companies perceive that they might not be able to implement a circular economy (CE), some scholars perceive that companies may do so by developing dynamic capabilities (DCs). To empirically investigate the role of DCs in CE implementation, we analyzed a sample of 220 companies in Italy through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). Our PLS‐SEM analysis demonstrates that DCs and their underlying organizational activities significantly facilitate CE implementation, which consequently improves the overall performance of companies. Moreover, a circular dynamic environment (CDE) may stimulate companies towards CE implementation. This paper contributes to the literature in the following manner. First, this paper highlights how companies can identify and pursue CE opportunities. Second, this paper contributes to the debate on the role of a dynamic environment and how DCs leads to performance. Third, this paper presents the measurement scales of DCs and shows how to operationalize a hierarchical component model (HCM) in PLS‐SEM.
Optimizing the Carbon Dioxide Reduction Pathway through Surface Modification by Halogenation
Authors: Liu Zailun , Jiang Wenjun , Liu Zhe , Wang Yuhong , Wang Dan , Hao Derek , Yao Wei , Teng Fei
Published: September 2020

Facilitating the charge separation of semiconductor photocatalysts to increase the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity has become a great challenge for sustainable energy conversion. Herein, the surface halogen‐modified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 nanosheets have been successfully prepared to address the aforementioned challenge. Importantly, the modification of surface with halogen atoms is beneficial for the adsorption and activation for CO2 molecules and charge separation. These properties have been analyzed by experimental and theoretical methods. DFT calculations revealed that the modification of the Bi2WO6 surface with Br atoms can decrease the formation energy of the *COOH intermediate, which accelerates CO2 conversion. All halogen‐modified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 nanosheets showed an enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Specifically, Br−Bi2WO6 exhibited the best CO generation rate of 13.8 μmol g−1 h−1, which is roughly 7.3 times as high as the unmodified defect‐rich Bi2WO6 (1.9 μmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, in the presence of a cocatalyst (cobalt phthalocyanine) and a sacrificial agent (triethanolamine), Br−Bi2WO6 exhibited an even further improved CO generation rate of 187 μmol g−1 h−1. This finding provides a new approach to optimize the CO2 reduction pathway of semiconductor photocatalysts, which is beneficial to develop highly efficient CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
Tuning the Proton‐Coupled Electron‐Transfer Rate by Ligand Modification in Catalyst–Dye Supramolecular Complexes for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Yang  , de Groot Huub J. M. , Buda Francesco
Published: September 2020

In view of the considerably high activation energy barrier of the O−O bond formation photocatalytic step in water oxidation, it is essential to understand if and how nonadiabatic factors can accelerate the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) rate in this process to find rational design strategies facilitating this step. Herein, constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate this rate‐limiting step in a series of catalyst‐dye supramolecular complexes functionalized with different alkyl groups on the catalyst component. These structural modifications lead to tunable thermodynamic driving forces, PCET rates, and vibronic coupling with specific resonant torsional modes. These results reveal that such resonant coupling between electronic and nuclear motions contributes to crossing catalytic barriers in PCET reactions by enabling semiclassical coherent conversion of a reactant into a product. Our results provide insight on how to engineer efficient catalyst‐dye supramolecular complexes by functionalization with steric substituents for high‐performance dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
Metal–Acid Synergy: Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole over Pt/Al‐SBA‐15
Authors: Shivhare Atal , Hunns James A. , Durndell Lee J. , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Isaacs Mark A. , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: September 2020

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Karen Wilson and Adam Lee at RMIT University. The image shows platinum nanoparticles and Brønsted acid sites working cooperatively to catalyse the efficient hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic lignin residues to produce sustainable biofuels. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202000764.
A cost‐effective single‐phase semi flipped gamma type magnetically coupled impedance source inverters
Authors: T.N. Gautham , Reddivari Reddiprasad , Jena Debashisha
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a new two winding coupled inductor architecture for a semi magnetically coupled impedance source (SMCIS) inverter by connecting the coupled inductor windings in flipped gamma fashion. The proposed topology is derived from the conventional MCIS inverters. It can produce sinusoidal output voltage/current without using any shoot‐through operation and output LC filter, which improves the system reliability. Further, a doubly grounded feature, no start‐up inrush current, reduced component count, low input current ripple, continuous output currents, and small leakage currents are the major advantages of the proposed inverter. However, the proposed semi flipped gamma MCIS inverters still suffer from limited output voltage gain problem. The voltage‐boosting feature is added to the proposed inverter by connecting two converter modules in differential boost configuration through the embedded structure. The voltage‐boosting ability is the major advantage of this differential boost embedded configuration. It has flexibility in choosing a wide range of duty cycle operation from zero to one (whereas, the duty cycle was limited to 0.666 in case of semi‐Z‐source inverter [ZSI]). The modes of operation, design procedure, and feature comparisons of proposed inverters are discussed in this paper. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed inverters is validated through simulation and experimental results in terms of component count, voltage gain, and feature comparison.
An ultra‐low‐power, low‐noise tunable electrocardiogram amplifier
Authors: Saeidian Farida , Ashraf Mohammadreza
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research work is to propose an innovative low‐power, low‐noise, tunable three‐stage capacitive instrumentation amplifier, capable of receiving and magnifying the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This is done by adding an extra stage to the second stage of the conventional capacitive instrumentation amplifier. The results show similar midband gain with lesser capacitor usage and smaller chip occupancy area with provision of concurrent tunable gain and bandwidth. The proposed amplifier is designed and implemented using TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS technology scale under a 1‐V supply voltage with the simulation process carried out using Cadence Virtuoso tool. Post‐layout simulation results show that the amplifier has a tunable midband gain of 55 to 65.6 dB, low‐cutoff frequency tuned from 377 mHz to 4.5 Hz and high‐cutoff frequency tuned from 86.8 to 263.6 Hz. The simulated value of the input‐referred noise and noise efficiency factor (NEF) of the amplifier are 9.6 μVrms and 6.1, respectively, with the total power consumption of 71.2 nW.
Aberrant expression of TTF1, p63, and cytokeratins in a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , Lin Xiaoqi
Published: September 2020

Pancytokeratins and TTF‐1 are used in working up carcinomas of unknown primary and p63 is expressed in many cell lineages. We present a case of a TTF‐1, p63, and cytokeratins positive small round blue cell lesion presenting in a patient with enlarged right supraclavicular lymph nodes and multiple solid pulmonary nodules. The preliminary report to the clinical team was “suspicious for carcinoma.” However, after a complete work up the final diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, nongerminal center B‐cell phenotype, “double expressor,” was rendered (based on Han's algorithm). This case brings up significant diagnostic dilemma as some lymphoid malignancies can morphologically mimic poorly differentiated carcinoma and stain positive for carcinoma markers. Additionally, the frequently used TTF‐1 SPT23 antibody clone has strong nuclear staining in rare cases of DLBCL, which is a diagnostic pitfall. To our best knowledge this is the first reported case of DLBCL staining positive for three carcinoma markers.
Climate change winners and losers: The effects of climate change on five palm species in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Butler Christopher J. , Larson Matt
Published: September 2020

Palms (Arecaceae) are a relatively speciose family and provide materials for food, construction, and handicraft, especially in the tropics. They are frequently used as paleo‐indicators for megathermal climates, and therefore, it is logical to predict that palms will benefit from predicted warmer temperatures under anthropogenic climate change. We created species distribution models to explore the projected ranges of five widespread southeastern North American palm species (Rhapidophyllum hystrix, Sabal etonia, Sabal minor, Sabal palmetto, and Serenoa repens) under four climate change scenarios through 2070. We project that the amount of habitat with >50% suitability for S. etonia will decline by a median of 50% by 2070, while the amount of habitat with >50% suitability S. minor will decline by a median of 97%. In contrast, the amount of suitable habitat for Rhapidophyllum hystrix will remain stable, while the amount of suitable habitat for Serenoa repens will slightly increase. The projected distribution for S. palmetto will increase substantially, by a median of approximately 21% across all scenarios. The centroid of the range of each species will shift generally north at a median rate of 23.5 km/decade. These five palm species have limited dispersal ability and require a relatively long time to mature and set fruit. Consequently, it is likely that the change in the distribution of these palms will lag behind the projected changes in climate. However, Arecaceae can modify physiological responses to heat and drought, which may permit these palms to persist as local conditions become increasingly inappropriate. Nonetheless, this plasticity is unlikely to indefinitely prevent local extinctions.
Engaging online students by activating ecological knowledge
Authors: Hines Stacy L. , Vedral Anthony J. , Jefferson Amanda E. , Drymon J. Marcus , Woodrey Mark S. , Mabey Sarah E. , Sparks Eric L.
Published: September 2020

The current COVID‐19 pandemic has forced the global higher education community to rapidly adapt to partially or fully online course offerings. For field‐ or laboratory‐based courses in ecological curricula, this presents unique challenges. Fortunately, a diverse set of active learning techniques exists, and these techniques translate well to online settings. However, limited guidance and resources exist for developing, implementing, and evaluating active learning assignments that fulfill specific objectives of ecology‐focused courses. To address these informational gaps, we (a) identify broad learning objectives across a variety of ecology‐focused courses, (b) provide examples, based on our collective online teaching experience, of active learning activities that are relevant to the identified ecological learning objectives, and (c) provide guidelines for successful implementation of active learning assignments in online courses. Using The Wildlife Society's list of online higher education ecology‐focused courses as a guide, we obtained syllabi from 45 ecology‐focused courses, comprising a total of 321 course‐specific learning objectives. We classified all course‐specific learning objectives into at least one of five categories: (a) Identification, (b) Application of Concepts/Hypotheses/Theories, (c) Management of Natural Resources, (d) Development of Professional Skills, or (e) Evaluation of Concepts/Practices. We then provided two examples of active learning activities for each of the five categories, along with guidance on their implementation in online settings. We suggest that, when based on sound pedagogy, active learning techniques can enhance the online student's experience by activating ecological knowledge.