bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate and basin drivers of seasonal river water temperature dynamics
Authors: Laizé C. L. R. , Meredith C. Bruna , Dunbar M. , Hannah D. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Stream water temperature is a key control of many river processes (e.g. ecology, biogeochemistry, hydraulics) and services (e.g. power plant cooling, recreational use). Consequently, the effect of climate change and variability on stream temperature is a major scientific and practical concern. This paper aimed (1) to improve the understanding of large-scale spatial and temporal variability in climate–water temperature associations, and (2) to assess explicitly the influence of basin properties as modifiers of these relationships. A dataset was assembled including six distinct modelled climatic variables (air temperature, downward shortwave and longwave radiation, wind speed, specific humidity, and precipitation) and observed stream temperatures for the period 1984–2007 at 35 sites located on 21 rivers within 16 basins (Great Britain geographical extent); the study focused on broad spatio-temporal patterns hence was based on three-month averaged data (i.e. seasonal). A wide range of basin properties was derived. Five models were fitted (all seasons, winter, spring, summer, and autumn). Both site and national spatial scales were investigated at once by using multi-level modelling with linear multiple regressions. Model selection used Multi-Model Inference, which provides more robust models, based on sets of good models, rather than a single best model. Broad climate-water temperature associations common to all sites were obtained from the analysis of the fixed coefficients, while site-specific responses, i.e. random coefficients, were assessed against basin properties with ANOVA. All six climate predictors investigated play a role as a control of water temperature. Air temperature and shortwave radiation are important for all models/seasons, while the other predictors are important for some models/seasons only. The form and strength of the climate-stream temperature association vary depending on season and on water temperature. The dominating climate drivers and physical processes may change across seasons, and across the stream temperature range. The role of basin permeability, size, and elevation as modifiers of the climate-water temperature associations was confirmed; permeability has the primary influence, followed by size and elevation. Smaller, upland, and/or impermeable basins are the most influenced by atmospheric heat exchanges, while larger, lowland and permeable basins are least influenced. The study showed the importance of accounting properly for the spatial and temporal variability of climate-stream temperature associations and their modification by basin properties.
The water temperature characteristics of the Lena River at basin outlet in the summer period
Authors: Fofonova Vera , Zhilyaev Igor , Krayneva Marina , Yakshina Dina , Tananaev Nikita , Volkova Nina , Wiltshire Karen  H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The water temperature characteristics of the Lena River at basin outlet during the summer season (June–September) are considered. The analysis is based on a long-term data series covering the period from the beginning of observation (1936) to the present time (2012) at Kusur (Kyusyur) gauging station and complementary data at several stations downstream and one station upstream. These additional data are rarely used, but their analysis is important for understanding processes in the basin outlet area. The differences between the stream surface temperatures at Kusur station and 200 km downstream to the north at Habarova (Khabarova) station have almost always been an anomalously large and negative for the considered period since the beginning of observation during open water season from July to September. The description of this difference and its analysis are presented. To sort the problem out, we consider the observational data in terms of the hydrology and morphology of the Lena River delta and main channel area and apply statistical and deterministic modelling approaches. The inability of water temperature observational data at Kusur station to represent the mean cross-sectional temperature is addressed. The analysis of the water temperature trends at the Kusur and Habarova stations is also presented.
Hydrodynamics of pedestrians' instability in floodwaters
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Oumeraci Hocine , Castelli Fabio
Published: June 2016

Abstract. People safety is the first objective to be fulfilled by flood risk mitigation measures and according to existing reports on the causes of casualties, most of the fatalities is due to inappropriate behaviors like walking or driving in floodwaters. Currently available experimental data on people instability in floodwaters suffer of a large scatter primarily depending on the large variability of physical characteristics of the subjects. This paper introduces a dimensionless mobility parameter θP for people partly immersed in flood flows, which accounts for both flood and subject characteristics. The parameter θP is capable of identifying a unique threshold of instability depending on Froude number thus overcoming the scatter of existing experimental data. Moreover, a 3D numerical model describing a detailed geometry of a human body and reproducing a selection of critical pairs of water depth and velocity is presented. The numerical results in terms of hydrodynamic forces and force coefficients are analyzed and discussed. Both the mobility parameter θP and the numerical results hint the crucial role of Froude number and relative submergence as the most relevant dimensionless numbers to interpret the loss of stability. Finally, the mobility parameter θP is compared with an analogous dimensionless parameter for vehicles instability in floodwaters, providing a new contribution to support flood risk management and people education.
Downstream ecosystem responses to middle reach regulation of river discharge in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Y. , Wei Y. P. , Li S. B. , Wu B. F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Understanding the oasis ecosystem responses to upstream regulation is a challenge for catchment management for ecological restoration. This empirical study aimed to understand how oasis ecosystems including water, natural vegetation and cultivated land responded to the implementation of the Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP) in the Heihe River in China. The annual Landsat images from 1987 to 2015 were firstly used to characterize the spatial extent, frequency index and fractional coverage (for vegetation only) of these three oasis ecosystems and their relationships with hydrological (river discharge) and climatic variables (regional temperature and precipitation) were explored with linear regression models. The results show that river regulation of the middle reaches identified by the discharge allocation to the downstream basin experiences three stages, namely decreasing inflow (1987–1999), increasing inflow (2000–2007) and relative stable inflow (2008–2015). Both the current and previous years' combined inflow determines the surface area of the terminal lake (R2 = 0.841). Temperature has the most significant role in determining broad vegetation distribution, whereas hydrological variables had a significant effect only in near-river-channel regions. Agricultural development since the execution of the EWDP might have curtailed further vegetation recovery. These findings are important for the catchment managers' decisions about future water allocation plans.
Multiple runoff processes and multiple thresholds control agricultural runoff generation
Authors: Saffarpour Shabnam , Western Andrew  W. , Adams Russell , McDonnell Jeffrey  J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Hydrologic connectivity associated with runoff processes is a critical concept for understanding catchment hydrologic response at the event timescale. However, to date, most attention has focused on single runoff response types in individual research catchments. Here we examine how runoff response and the catchment threshold response to rainfall affect a suite of runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. A 1.37 ha hillslope in the Lang Lang River catchment, Victoria, Australia was instrumented and hourly data of rainfall, runoff, shallow groundwater level and isotope water samples were collected. We analyse 60 rainfall events that produced 38 runoff events over two runoff seasons. Our results show that the catchment hydrologic response was typically controlled by the antecedent soil moisture condition and rainfall characteristics. There was a strong seasonal effect in the antecedent moisture conditions that led to marked seasonal scale changes in runoff response. Analysis of shallow well data revealed that streamflows early in the runoff season were dominated primarily by saturation excess overland flow from the riparian area. As the runoff season progressed, the catchment soil water storage increased and the hillslope connected to the riparian area. The hillslope transferred a significant amount of water to the riparian zone during and following events. Then, during a particularly wet period, this connectivity to the riparian zone, and ultimately to the stream, persisted between events for a period of one month. These findings are supported by isotope results which showed the dominance of pre-event water, and increased contributions of new water early (rising limb and peak) in the event hydrograph for wetter conditions. We conclude that event runoff at this site is a combination of subsurface event flow and saturation excess overland flow. However, during high intensity rainfall events, flashy hillslope flow was observed even though the soil moisture threshold for activation of subsurface flow was not exceeded. We hypothesize that this was due to the activation of infiltration excess overland flow and/or fast lateral flow through preferential pathways on the hillslope and saturation overland flow from the riparian zone.
IDENTIFYING SURFACE CHANGES ON HRSC IMAGES OF THE MARS SOUTH POLAR RESIDUAL CAP (SPRC)
Authors: Putri Alfiah Rizky Diana , Sidiropoulos Panagiotis , Muller Jan-Peter
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The surface of Mars has been an object of interest for planetary research since the launch of Mariner 4 in 1964. Since then different cameras such as the Viking Visual Imaging Subsystem (VIS), Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) have been imaging its surface at ever higher resolution. The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board of the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express, has been imaging the Martian surface, since 25th December 2003 until the present-day. HRSC has covered 100 % of the surface of Mars, about 70 % of the surface with panchromatic images at 10-20 m/pixel, and about 98 % at better than 100 m/pixel (Neukum et. al., 2004), including the polar regions of Mars. The Mars polar regions have been studied intensively recently by analysing images taken by the Mars Express and MRO missions (Plaut et al., 2007). The South Polar Residual Cap (SPRC) does not change very much in volume overall but there are numerous examples of dynamic phenomena associated with seasonal changes in the atmosphere. In particular, we can examine the time variation of layers of solid carbon dioxide and water ice with dust deposition (Bibring, 2004), spider-like channels (Piqueux et al., 2003) and so-called Swiss Cheese Terrain (Titus et al., 2004). Because of seasonal changes each Martian year, due to the sublimation and deposition of water and CO2 ice on the Martian south polar region, clearly identifiable surface changes occur in otherwise permanently icy region. In this research, good quality HRSC images of the Mars South Polar region are processed based on previous identification as the optimal coverage of clear surfaces (Campbell et al., 2015). HRSC images of the Martian South Pole are categorized in terms of quality, time, and location to find overlapping areas, processed into high quality Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and Orthorectified Images (ORIs) and projected into polar stereographic projection using DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; German Aerospace Center)’s VICAR and GIS software with modifications developed by Kim & Muller (2009). Surface changes are identified in the Mars SPRC region and analysed based on their appearance in the HRSC images.
NASA’S PLANETARY GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW
Authors: Williams D. A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. NASA’s Planetary Science Division supports the geologic mapping of planetary surfaces through a distinct organizational structure and a series of research and analysis (R&A) funding programs. Cartography and geologic mapping issues for NASA’s planetary science programs are overseen by the Mapping and Planetary Spatial Infrastructure Team (MAPSIT), which is an assessment group for cartography similar to the Mars Exploration Program Assessment Group (MEPAG) for Mars exploration. MAPSIT’s Steering Committee includes specialists in geological mapping, who make up the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS). I am the GEMS Chair, and with a group of 3-4 community mappers we advise the U.S. Geological Survey Planetary Geologic Mapping Coordinator (Dr. James Skinner) and develop policy and procedures to aid the planetary geologic mapping community. GEMS meets twice a year, at the Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March, and at the Annual Planetary Mappers’ Meeting in June (attendance is required by all NASA-funded geologic mappers). Funding programs under NASA’s current R&A structure to propose geological mapping projects include Mars Data Analysis (Mars), Lunar Data Analysis (Moon), Discovery Data Analysis (Mercury, Vesta, Ceres), Cassini Data Analysis (Saturn moons), Solar System Workings (Venus or Jupiter moons), and the Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools (PDART) program. Current NASA policy requires all funded geologic mapping projects to be done digitally using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In this presentation we will discuss details on how geologic mapping is done consistent with current NASA policy and USGS guidelines.
SPECIAL SOFTWARE FOR PLANETARY IMAGE PROCESSING AND RESEARCH
Authors: Zubarev A. E. , Nadezhdina I. E. , Kozlova N. A. , Brusnikin E.S. , Karachevtseva I. P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The special modules of photogrammetric processing of remote sensing data that provide the opportunity to effectively organize and optimize the planetary studies were developed. As basic application the commercial software package PHOTOMOD™ is used. Special modules were created to perform various types of data processing: calculation of preliminary navigation parameters, calculation of shape parameters of celestial body, global view image orthorectification, estimation of Sun illumination and Earth visibilities from planetary surface. For photogrammetric processing the different types of data have been used, including images of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Phobos, Galilean satellites and Enceladus obtained by frame or push-broom cameras. We used modern planetary data and images that were taken over the years, shooting from orbit flight path with various illumination and resolution as well as obtained by planetary rovers from surface. Planetary data image processing is a complex task, and as usual it can take from few months to years. We present our efficient pipeline procedure that provides the possibilities to obtain different data products and supports a long way from planetary images to celestial body maps. The obtained data – new three-dimensional control point networks, elevation models, orthomosaics – provided accurate maps production: a new Phobos atlas (Karachevtseva et al., 2015) and various thematic maps that derived from studies of planetary surface (Karachevtseva et al., 2016a).
CREATION OF A WEB MAP AND MOBILE APPLICATION BASED ON A PRINTED BOOK
Authors: Holubec V. , Valášková T. , Halounová L.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The project describes a process of conversion of printed books into a web map and mobile application. The goal of the project is to make spatial data in the book accessible to wide public using GIS especially on web in order to spread the information about this topic. Moreover, as a result of the analysis and of the new perspectives gained from the data context, historians will be able to find new connections. The books that serve as sources of the project (two books with the scope of about 1400 pages featuring hundreds of locations where each location is associated with more events of different types) refer to places with many addresses in Prague and some villages in the Czech Republic which are related to events that took place during the World War II. The paper describes the steps of conversion, the design of the data model in Esri geodatabase and examples of outputs. The historical data are connected to actual addresses and thanks to such a combination of historical and actual locations, the project will help to discover a part of the history of the Czech Republic and it will show new context in data via GIS capabilities. This project is a continuation of a project which recorded a march of death on a map. This is a unique project created in cooperation with Academia Publishing. The outputs of the project will serve as a core resource for a multimedia history portal. The author of the book is currently writing sequels from the post-war period and at least two other books are envisioned, so the future of the project is ensured.
FLOOR IDENTIFICATION WITH COMMERCIAL SMARTPHONES IN WIFI-BASED INDOOR LOCALIZATION SYSTEM
Authors: Ai H. J. , Liu M. Y. , Shi Y. M. , Zhao J. Q.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we utilize novel sensors built-in commercial smart devices to propose a schema which can identify floors with high accuracy and efficiency. This schema can be divided into two modules: floor identifying and floor change detection. Floor identifying module starts at initial phase of positioning, and responsible for determining which floor the positioning start. We have estimated two methods to identify initial floor based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and BP Neural Network, respectively. In order to improve performance of KNN algorithm, we proposed a novel method based on weighting signal strength, which can identify floors robust and quickly. Floor change detection module turns on after entering into continues positioning procedure. In this module, sensors (such as accelerometer and barometer) of smart devices are used to determine whether the user is going up and down stairs or taking an elevator. This method has fused different kinds of sensor data and can adapt various motion pattern of users. We conduct our experiment with mobile client on Android Phone (Nexus 5) at a four-floors building with an open area between the second and third floor. The results demonstrate that our scheme can achieve an accuracy of 99% to identify floor and 97% to detecting floor changes as a whole.
PRIVATE GRAPHS – ACCESS RIGHTS ON GRAPHS FOR SEAMLESS NAVIGATION
Authors: Dorner W. , Hau F. , Pagany R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. After the success of GNSS (Global Navigational Satellite Systems) and navigation services for public streets, indoor seems to be the next big development in navigational services, relying on RTLS – Real Time Locating Services (e.g. WIFI) and allowing seamless navigation. In contrast to navigation and routing services on public streets, seamless navigation will cause an additional challenge: how to make routing data accessible to defined users or restrict access rights for defined areas or only to parts of the graph to a defined user group? The paper will present case studies and data from literature, where seamless and especially indoor navigation solutions are presented (hospitals, industrial complexes, building sites), but the problem of restricted access rights was only touched from a real world, but not a technical perspective. The analysis of case studies will show, that the objective of navigation and the different target groups for navigation solutions will demand well defined access rights and require solutions, how to make only parts of a graph to a user or application available to solve a navigational task. The paper will therefore introduce the concept of private graphs, which is defined as a graph for navigational purposes covering the street, road or floor network of an area behind a public street and suggest different approaches how to make graph data for navigational purposes available considering access rights and data protection, privacy and security issues as well.
UNDERSTANDING URBAN REGENERATION IN TURKEY
Authors: Candas E. , Flacke J. , Yomralioglu T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In Turkey, rapid population growth, informal settlements, and buildings and infrastructures vulnerable to natural hazards are seen as the most important problems of cities. Particularly disaster risk cannot be disregarded, as large parts of various cities are facing risks from earthquakes, floods and landslides and have experienced loss of lives in the recent past. Urban regeneration is an important planning tool implemented by local and central governments in order to reduce to disaster risk and to design livable environments for the citizens. The Law on the Regeneration of Areas under Disaster Risk, commonly known as the Urban Regeneration Law, was enacted in 2012 (Law No.6306, May 2012). The regulation on Implementation of Law No. 6306 explains the fundamental steps of the urban regeneration process. The relevant institutions furnished with various authorities such as expropriation, confiscation and changing the type and place of your property which makes urban regeneration projects very important in terms of property rights. Therefore, urban regeneration projects have to be transparent, comprehensible and acceptable for all actors in the projects. In order to understand the urban regeneration process, the legislation and projects of different municipalities in Istanbul have been analyzed. While some steps of it are spatial data demanding, others relate to land values. In this paper an overview of the urban regeneration history and activities in Turkey is given. Fundamental steps of the urban regeneration process are defined, and particularly spatial-data demanding steps are identified.
STANDARDS-BASED SERVICES FOR BIG SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA
Authors: Baumann P. , Merticariu V. , Dumitru A. , Misev D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. With the unprecedented availability of continuously updated measured and generated data there is an immense potential for getting new and timely insights – yet, the value is not fully leveraged as of today. The quest is up for high-level service interfaces for dissecting datasets and rejoining them with other datasets – ultimately, to allow users to ask "any question, anytime, on any size" enabling them to "build their own product on the go". With OGC Coverages, a concrete, interoperable data model has been established which unifies n-D spatio-temporal regular and irregular grids, point clouds, and meshes. The Web Coverage Service (WCS) suite provides versatile streamlined coverage functionality ranging from simple access to flexible spatio-temporal analytics. Flexibility and scalability of the WCS suite has been demonstrated in practice through massive services run by large-scale data centers. We present the current status in OGC Coverage data and service models, contrast them to related work, and describe a scalable implementation based on the rasdaman array engine.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, MIGRATION AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Oo Kyaw Sann
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Geospatial data are available in raster and vector formats and some of them are available in open data form. The technique and tools to handle those data are also available in open source. Though it is free of charge, the knowledge to utilize those data is limited to non-educated in the specific field. The data and technology should be promoted to those levels to utilize in required fields with priceless in developing countries. Before utilize open data, which are required to verify with local knowledge to become usable information for the local people as priceless data resources. Developing country, which economic is based in agriculture, required more information about precise weather data and weather variation by the climate change impact for their socioeconomic development. This study found that rural to urban migration occurs in the developing countries such agriculture based country likes Myanmar when the agriculture economic are affected by unpredictable impact by the climate change. The knowledge sharing using open data resources to non-educated local people is one of the curable solutions for the agriculture economy development in the country. Moreover, the study will find ways to reduce the rural to urban migration.
AN INSPIRE-KONFORM 3D BUILDING MODEL OF BAVARIA USING CADASTRE INFORMATION, LIDAR AND IMAGE MATCHING
Authors: Roschlaub R. , Batscheider J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The federal governments of Germany endeavour to create a harmonized 3D building data set based on a common application schema (the AdV-CityGML-Profile). The Bavarian Agency for Digitisation, High-Speed Internet and Surveying has launched a statewide 3D Building Model with standardized roof shapes for all 8.1 million buildings in Bavaria. For the acquisition of the 3D Building Model LiDAR-data or data from Image Matching are used as basis in addition with the building ground plans of the official cadastral map. The data management of the 3D Building Model is carried out by a central database with the usage of a nationwide standardized CityGML-Profile of the AdV. The update of the 3D Building Model for new buildings is done by terrestrial building measurements within the maintenance process of the cadaster and from image matching. In a joint research project, the Bavarian State Agency for Surveying and Geoinformation and the TUM, Chair of Geoinformatics, transformed an AdV-CityGML-Profilebased test data set of Bavarian LoD2 building models into an INSPIRE-compliant schema. For the purpose of a transformation of such kind, the AdV provides a data specification, a test plan for 3D Building Models and a mapping table. The research project examined whether the transformation rules defined in the mapping table, were unambiguous and sufficient for implementing a transformation of LoD2 data based on the AdV-CityGML-Profile into the INSPIRE schema. The proof of concept was carried out by transforming production data of the Bavarian 3D Building Model in LoD2 into the INSPIRE BU schema. In order to assure the quality of the data to be transformed, the test specifications according to the test plan for 3D Building Models of the AdV were carried out. The AdV mapping table was checked for completeness and correctness and amendments were made accordingly.
3-D hydrodynamic modelling of flood impacts on a building and indoor flooding processes
Authors: Gems Bernhard , Mazzorana Bruno , Hofer Thomas , Sturm Michael , Gabl Roman , Aufleger Markus
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Given the current challenges in flood risk management and vulnerability assessment of buildings exposed to flood hazards, this study presents three-dimensional numerical modelling of torrential floods and its interaction with buildings. By means of a case study application, the FLOW-3D software is applied to the lower reach of the Rio Vallarsa torrent in the village of Laives (Italy). A single-family house on the flood plain is therefore considered in detail. It is exposed to a 300-year flood hydrograph. Different building representation scenarios, including an entire impervious building envelope and the assumption of fully permeable doors, light shafts and windows, are analysed. The modelling results give insight into the flooding process of the building's interior, the impacting hydrodynamic forces on the exterior and interior walls, and further, they quantify the impact of the flooding of a building on the flow field on the surrounding flood plain. The presented study contributes to the development of a comprehensive physics-based vulnerability assessment framework. For pure water floods, this study presents the possibilities and limits of advanced numerical modelling techniques within flood risk management and, thereby, the planning of local structural protection measures.
Core operational Sentinel-3 marine data product services as part of the Copernicus Space Component
Authors: Bonekamp Hans , Montagner Francois , Santacesaria Vincenzo , Nogueira Loddo Carolina , Wannop Sally , Tomazic Igor , O'Carroll Anne , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Scharroo Remko , Wilson Hilary
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the marine data available from the Marine Centre, part of the Sentinel-3 Payload Data Ground Segment, located at the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The Marine Centre together with the existing EUMETSAT facilities provides a centralised operational service for operational oceanography. These descriptions of the marine data are produced with a focus on a user service perspective. They include the scientific and operational feedback mechanisms on the performance of the services as well as practical information and user support mechanisms.
Simultaneous disintegration of outlet glaciers in Porpoise Bay (Wilkes Land), East Antarctica, and the long-term speed-up of Holmes Glacier
Authors: Miles B. W. J. , Stokes C. R. , Jamieson S. S. R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The floating ice shelves and glacier tongues which fringe the Antarctic continent are important because they help buttress ice flow from the ice sheet interior. Dynamic feedbacks associated with glacier calving have the potential to reduce buttressing and subsequently increase ice flow into the ocean. However, there are few high temporal resolution studies on glacier calving, especially in East Antarctica. Here we use remote sensing to investigate monthly glacier terminus change across six marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Porpoise Bay (−76° S, 128° E), Wilkes Land (East Antarctica), between November 2002 and March 2012. This reveals a large simultaneous calving event in January 2007, resulting in a total of ~ 2900 km2 of ice being removed from glacier tongues. Our observations suggest that sea-ice must be removed from glacier termini for any form of calving to take place, and we link this major calving event to a rapid break-up of the multi-year sea-ice which usually occupies Porpoise Bay. Using sea-ice concentrations as a proxy for glacier calving, and by analysing available satellite imagery stretching back to 1963, we reconstruct the long-term calving activity of the largest glacier in Porpoise Bay: Holmes (West) Glacier. This reveals that its present-day velocity (~ 1450 m a−1) is approximately 50 % faster than between 1963 and 1973 (~ 900 m a−1). We also observed the start of a large calving event in Porpoise Bay in March 2016 that is consistent with our reconstructions of the periodicity of major calving events. These results highlight the importance of sea-ice in modulating outlet glacier calving and velocity in East Antarctica.
Prolific decades of marine geology at the Geological Survey of Finland: a historical review
Authors: Winterhalter Boris
Published: June 2016

The article presents a short historical review of development of marine geology at the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK). The founder of the marine geology unit at GTK, Dr. Heikki Ignatius, established at an early stage good relations with the Baltic Sea researchers of neighbouring countries. This resulted in joint research cruises, exchange of ideas and close cooperation. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the important steps taken at GTK and to show how cooperation has resulted in the investigations of the Baltic Sea becoming one of the best studied sea areas in the World Ocean.
Sediment geochemistry studies in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea : a retrospective view
Authors: Vallius Henry
Published: June 2016

Our recent knowledge of the chemistry of the seafloor of the Baltic Sea has been gained during the last century only and most of it during the last three to four decades. When thinking about the start of the industrialization it seems unfortunately late. However, fortunately the seafloor archives all environmental changes in the sedimentary column like pages in a book and they can be later observed and interpreted. The Geological Survey of Finland has performed seabed geochemistry studies for decades. The first studies were performed onboard cruises of the old research vessel Aranda and later on the new Aranda as well as on the surveys on our own vessels Geola, Kaita, and Geomari. A great part of the work has been done as collaboration in international research programmes, but especially the Marine Ecogeological Patrol by the A. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute has been of great importance for Gulf of Finland studies and as a trigger for later studies in the Gulf of Finland as well as the Baltic Sea.
Five Windows and a Locked Door: University Accommodation Responses to Students with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Sokal Laura
Published: June 2016

Increasing enrolments of post-secondary students with disabilities are resulting in accessibility services offices reaching capacity levels. This trend has created the ‘perfect storm’ in terms of meeting these students’ needs. While collaboration between accessibility services staff and professors seems a logical solution to maximizing resource management and ameliorating this issue, additional tensions arise when issues of fairness, authority, and roles come into play. Using the constructionist model of disability as a lens, I analyzed the viewpoints of faculty members and accessibility services staff members in order to contribute to our understanding about these tensions as well as to make recommendations for their resolution.
Le nombre grandissant d’étudiants handicapés qui s’inscrivent au niveau post-secondaire a pour résultat que les bureaux offrant des services d’accessibilité atteignent les limites de leurs capacités. Cette tendance a créé une situation explosive pour ce qui est de répondre auxbesoins de ces étudiants. Alors que la collaboration entre le personnel des services d’accessibilité et les professeurs semblerait être une solution logique pour maximiser la gestion des ressources et améliorer ce problème, des tensions supplémentaires surviennent quand des questions d’équité, d’autorité et de rôles entrent en jeu. En me servant du modèle constructionniste du handicap comme une loupe, j’ai analysé les points de vue des professeurs et des employés des services d’accessibilité afin de faciliter notre compréhension de ces tensions et pour faire des recommandations en vue de trouver une solution.
El periodismo de proximidad local: los periódicos burgaleses del siglo XIX en la defensa del Patrimonio Histórico Artístico
Authors: Chomón Serna José María
Published: June 2016

Los periodistas de Burgos del siglo XIX desempeñaron un importante protagonismo en la defensa del patrimonio histórico artístico. En un momento en el que la protección de los monumentos no estaba garantizada ni regulada, estos profesionales demostraron con su pluma tener una mentalidad adelantada a la de su tiempo y defendieron la necesidad de mantener, proteger y rehabilitar los grandes y pequeños monumentos. Su intervención y sus denuncias constituyen una demostración de la importancia del periodismo, y en especial del periodismo local.
“Comulgar con ruedas de molino”: el cierre del Fray Gerundio en 1840
Authors: Garrido Muro Luis
Published: June 2016

Fundado en abril de 1837 por Modesto Lafuente, el Fray Gerundio fue el principal periódico satírico de su tiempo, así como uno de los más populares y vendidos. Su crítica permanente al poder le valió varias amonestaciones por parte de los distintos gobiernos, la última de las cuales acabó con su cierre en marzo de 1840 por desacato, una acusación que luego se comprobó contraria a la ley. El cierre lo hizo aún más popular y convirtió a Modesto Lafuente en una verdadera celebridad por su defensa de la libertad de imprenta.
Ilustración publicitaria y vida cotidiana en las revistas gráficas: La Esfera (1920-1930)
Authors: Arroyo Cabello María
Published: June 2016

En el primer tercio del siglo XX España entra en la modernidad debido a la buena coyuntura económica, cultural y social tras la I Guerra Mundial. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer el rol de la publicidad artística en la transformación de la sociedad española durante los años veinte. El estudio de la revista gráfica La Esfera revela que los anuncios ilustrados difundieron la moda, fomentaron el deporte y la vida al aire libre, crearon el hábito de fumar entre las mujeres y tuvieron tal valor educativo que modificó costumbres higiénicas entre la población infantil.
El impacto de la crisis política y económica sobre la polarización de los medios españoles
Authors: Teruel Rodríguez Laura
Published: June 2016

En este trabajo se analiza la polarización que caracteriza a la prensa española desde los años 90 para, a partir de ello, realizar un análisis prospectivo que plantea algunas dudas sobre su pervivencia en los mismos términos dado el actual contexto crisis política y económica. Se persigue definir el rol desempeñado por los actores políticos y mediáticos centrándonos en las legislaturas en las que la crispación alcanzó mayores cotas (1993-1996 y 2004-2008) y trazar las novedades que afronta este escenario desde 2011, periodo en el que el debate público se encuentra fuertemente polarizado a pesar de que existen notables diferencias -políticas, sociales o económicas- con las anteriores etapas. Para ello, se ha realizado un extenso análisis de los contenidos mediáticos, de fuentes primarias de investigación sociológica y de la literatura científica sobre la polarización política. Se trata de un análisis de casos exploratorio, descriptivo y crítico.
Formatos de publicidad no convencional en televisión versus spots: un análisis basado en el recuerdo
Authors: Reinares-Lara Eva , Reinares-Lara Pedro , Olarte-Pascual Cristina
Published: June 2016

Las cifras de inversión publicitaria y audiencia indican el continuo liderazgo de la televisión como medio masivo. Sin embargo problemas como el zapping, la saturación publicitaria o la fragmentación de audiencias cuestionan su eficacia como medio de comunicación comercial. Este contexto ha propiciado el desarrollo de formatos de publicidad no convencional en televisión. Con el objetivo de proporcionar las necesarias evidencias empíricas se analiza, en un entorno real de audiencia, el recuerdo que generan cuatro formatos de publicidad no convencional: microprogramas, patrocinio televisivo, telepromoción interna y telepromoción externa, frente a la publicidad más convencional, el spot. La metodología empleada ha integrado de forma conjunta datos secundarios de audimetría y datos primarios procedentes de una encuesta ad-hoc telefónica aplicada a una muestra de 2.000 individuos de 16 a 65 años, representativos del total de la audiencia de televisión. Los resultados muestran la eficacia a nivel cognitivo de las formas no convencionales de publicidad ya que proporcionan mayores niveles de recuerdo espontáneo y asistido.
On the Possibility of Mandarin Chinese as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Plumb Christopher
Published: June 2016

Recently there has been an increase in the number of students learning Mandarin Chinese (in mainland China and internationally). This increase has led to speculation that Mandarin Chinese is becoming a mainstream global language to the point of becoming a lingua franca. This paper utilizes research findings from different regions and focal points and argues that Mandarin Chinese could be accepted as a lingua franca within some contexts, but is unlikely to do so in others. It argues that Mandarin Chinese is generally accepted as the lingua franca of China and a possible lingua franca within the East Asian region, while unlikely to become a lingua franca globally. The paper compares a number of different reasons for studying Mandarin Chinese by different stakeholders (i.e. governments, school boards, individual students) as well as comparative numbers of language learners. This paper also examines if Mandarin is the dominant and undisputed form of global Chinese. It concludes by demonstrating that there is a greater need for further research into Mandarin Chinese as a lingua franca.
The Concept of ‘MiOra’ in the Ancient Iranian Mythology
Authors: Mortezaee Mahlagha , Abolqasemi Mohsen
Published: June 2016

MiOra (male) is the name of one of the Ancient Iran’s gods. MiOra, meaning ‘contract’ and keeping it within measure, is the gist of Manichaean ethics and has mighty and theurgic forces. The myth prevalent in Mihr-Yašt is that MiOra observes all the contracts agreed upon in the society, sets people free of troubles, and brings peace and security. The myth has had important consequences for beliefs and behaviors of the people of the time. However, even though MiOra was dignified in Zoroastrianism, Ohrmazd was regarded as God of gods in this religion. Yet, MiOra is close to Soroush and Sun and has a lot in common with them. He was also highly dignified in the eras of Achaemenian, Parthian Empire, and Sasanian and could find its way to Europe in the era of Parthian Empire. The remnants and remainings of the Mithraic religion and temples can also be observed in Iran’s ancient athletics and Zurkhaneh. The purpose of the present paper is to give the readership a review of the concept of MiOra, as it was conceived in the ancient Iran and the relationship the concept has with some other significant concepts that were contemporary to MiOra.
Frequency and Predictors of Non-Compliance to Aspirin Therapy in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Soomro Hala , Aleem Salik , Hussain Mujtaba , Alam Ali , Qadeer Ali , Saand Aisha Rasool , Ein Nur Ul , Ahmad Tahreem , Sultan Ayyaz Alam , Khan Maaz Hasan , Usman Hamza , Bhatti Areesh , Noor Samran , Sarki Hassan , Shujauddin Syed Muhammad , Imran Hiba , Gagai Hasan Alam , Arshad Mohammad Hussham
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND: Aspirin non-adherence or discontinuation is associated with an almost three-fold increase in risk of major adverse cardiac events. Compliance, commonly known as adherence, has been a major health care issue. Some studies have reported non-adherence rates to aspirin as high as fifty percent. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency and predictors of non-compliance to aspirin in post myocardial infarction patients.METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months from May 2015 to July 2015 at Civil Hospital, Karachi. All patients visiting Cardiology out-patient department (OPD) with previously diagnosed myocardial infarction were included in the study. Patients who were not prescribed aspirin or those with contraindication to aspirin therapy such as hemophiliacs and peptic ulcer disease patients, and those with memory problems were excluded from the study. A pre-coded questionnaire was presented to the selected sample of 456 patients. Compliance was assessed through self-report. Chi square test was used as the primary statistical test.RESULTS: Out of 456 patients, 39% (n=178) were non-compliant to aspirin therapy. The most common reported cause for non-compliance was the failure to remember taking the drug reported by 40.7% (n=72) of the people. The second most common cause was the lack of awareness of the importance of the drug and the possible side effects of not taking it 31.4% (n =56).CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that non-compliance to aspirin is a major problem present in Pakistan. With the number of cardiovascular deaths increasing around the globe and in Pakistan, it is vital that non-compliance to aspirin should be taken as a serious issue.
Preliminary Exploration and Management Analysis of the Impact of the Avian Influenza Epidemics from the Point View of Chinese Animal Farmers
Authors: Zhang Kerong , Liu Wuyi
Published: June 2016

In the study, the outbreak of avian influenza was explored analyzed in depth with all the data resources available. It was found that behavior choices and motivations of the animal producers fundamentally depended on their interests and accessing means in the process of animal epidemic disease prevention and control. It was suggested that the government and its sectors should formulate and execute an appropriate compensation system and make compensation timely when there appears an economic impact of major epidemic animal diseases on the producers and the producers’ economic losses are found. Furthermore, the government should take any effective measures to guide and promote the transformation of the conventional modes of livestock production, and lead those farmers and producers to the changed ways of conventional livestock production activities and modes to reduce the probabilities of animal diseases spread and outbreak, especially the infectious diseases like avian influenza.
The Culture of Exile and Narratives of Resistance: A Study of Munif’s Cities of Salt and Naipaul’s the Middle Passage
Authors: Taher Fatma
Published: June 2016

Fictional texts still remain a forceful medium in understanding the turbulent global culture at the end of the millennium. The language of literature is greatly affected by the struggle between two mutually opposed forces: the oppressor and the resisting power of the oppressed. The oppressed and the exploited of the earth maintain their defiance: liberty, through resistance. The biggest weapon against this defiance is to annihilate their belief in their past, roots, culture, or even their names and ultimately in themselves. It makes them want to identify with that which is remote; for example other people’s language. Ideas are implanted that any possibility of success or triumph is a remote ridiculous dream. This in turn creates a collective despair and a wasteland where the oppressor presents himself as the cure.

Remembering, looking back in anger or even imagining are all acts of resistance and of lending coherence and integrity to a history and a homeland interrupted, divided or compromised by instances of loss. Redressing forcibly forgotten experiences, allows the silences of history to come into word, and makes us imagine alternative scripts of the past, hence invariably changes our understanding of the present.

The present paper aims at investigating narratives that recuperate losses incurred in migration, exile and dislocation. Forced or voluntary immigration is discussed as part and parcel in the narratives that originate at border crossings and that cannot be bound by national borders, languages or traditions through Naipaul’s The Middle Passage, and Munif’s Cities of Salt, where the chaotic dynamics of a world constantly on the move creates resistance and possibly confrontations, mirroring the fragmented consciousness of postmodern culture elucidated by HomiBhabha and Frantz Fanon.