bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From invaders to residents: The golden jackal (Canis aureus) expansion in Hungary since the mid-1990s
Authors: Bijl Hanna , Schally Gergely , Márton Mihály , Heltai Miklós , Csányi Sándor
Published: July 2024

The golden jackal has rapidly expanded across Europe in recent decades and was one of the first to reappear in Hungary. Using hunting bag data from the National Game Management Database from 1995 to 2021, we examined the spatial expansion of the species and its population dynamics. Our findings reveal an exponential increase in the golden jackal population since the mid-1990s, with an average annual growth rate of 40% in the hunting bag and an occupancy of 86% of the country. The average speed of the range expansion was 536.9 km2 year-1 until 2007 and increased to an average of 5,289.1 km2 year-1 during the second part of the expansion process. The density of shot golden jackals also shows an increasing trend with a substantial presence of outliers, indicating that nearly 10% of the hunting bag demonstrates exceptionally high numbers, particularly in southwestern Hungary. The spread originated in the southwest and extended towards the northeast and northwest. However, the increase of the hunting bag slowed down and the expansion rate has decreased in the previous two years, leading us to anticipate that the golden jackal population will stabilize soon, as the expansion has reached its maximum in Hungary. This indicates that from the initial settlement to the stabilization of the population, the time span can be two to three decades.
Evaluating the impact of oral hygiene instruction and digital oral health education within cardiac rehabilitation clinics: A protocol for a novel, dual centre, parallel randomised controlled trial
Authors: Church Lauren , Spahr Axel , Marschner Simone , Wallace Janet , Chow Clara , King Shalinie
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Diseases of the periodontal tissues including gingivitis and periodontitis can affect up to 90% and 50% of the population respectively. These conditions are multifactorial inflammatory conditions involving a dysbiotic biofilm that, if left untreated, can lead to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth and have significant systemic implications, specifically on cardiovascular health. The elevation of inflammatory markers, particularly high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HsCRP as well as other inflammatory markers can be detected in blood samples as early as 21 days after ceasing toothbrushing, due to the immune response to stagnant oral biofilm. The most effective way to ensure oral biofilm cannot remain on oral tissues, thus preventing periodontitis and reducing inflammatory CVD risk, is with good oral hygiene. The primary aim of this study is to assess whether individualised oral hygiene instruction (OHI) partnered with a digital oral health education (DOHE) package can improve the oral health of patients living with CVD.

Methods and analysis

A total of 165 participants will be recruited from the Westmead and Blacktown Mt Druitt cardiac rehabilitation out-patient clinics into this dual centre, single blind, parallel design, randomised controlled trial. A baseline oral health clinical examination will be completed, followed by a self-report questionnaire before they are randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio into one of 3 arms as follows: individualised OHI partnered with DOHE (Group A), (Group B) DOHE only (Group B), and control/usual care (no oral health education) (Group C). Groups will have their intervention repeated at the 6-week follow-up. After completing the 12-week follow-up, Group B and Group C will receive tailored OHI. Group C will also receive the DOHE package. The primary outcome is the change in approximal plaque index score between baseline and 6-week follow up.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Ethics Committee 2023/ETH00516. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12623000449639p ANZCTR: https://www.anzctr.org.au/.
Discharge teaching quality positively predicts quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy: The mediating role of readiness for hospital discharge and stoma self-efficacy
Authors: Lin Liying , Fang Yifang , Huang Feifei , Zhang Xiaoying , Zheng Jianwei , Xiao Huimin
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) and stoma self-efficacy (SSE) in the relationship between quality of discharge teaching (QDT) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy, and the gender difference of mediating effect.

Background

It is not clear how RHD, QDT, SSE and HRQOL interact in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy.

Methods

This was a prospective follow-up survey. 221 colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy were conveniently recruited from a general hospital in Southeast China. The Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Stoma Self-Efficacy Scale, and Stoma Quality of Life Scale were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation and structural equation models were used to analyze the data. SPSS 26.0 and Amos 28.0 software were used for analysis the collected data.

Results

Regarding the relationship of QDT and HRQOL, only QDT-T had a direct effect among colorectal cancer patients with stomas (b = 0.233, P<0.001, percentile 95% CI = [0.145, 0.314]). However, both QDT-T and QDT-R can predict HRQOL indirectly through three paths: (1) the mediating role of SSE (b = 0.050, P = 0.009, percentile 95% CI = [0.013, 0.098]; b = 0.077, P = 0.008, percentile 95% CI = [0.021, 0.164]), (2) the mediating role of RHD (b = 0.044, P = 0.004, percentile 95% CI = [0.014, 0.085]; b = 0.044, P = 0.005, percentile 95% CI = [0.010, 0.102]), and (3) the chain mediating role of SSE and RHD (b = 0.030, P = 0.003, percentile 95% CI = [0.011, 0.059]; b = 0.047, P = 0.003, percentile 95% CI = [0.015, 0.103]). The similar chain mediating effect in male stoma patients was also found (b = 0.041, P = 0.002, percentile 95% CI = [0.016, 0.080]; b = 0.046, P = 0.004, percentile 95% CI = [0.011, 0.114]).

Conclusions

Stoma self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge played important intermediary roles in the relationship between quality of discharge teaching and health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with stomas. Health care providers can design SSE-enhancing and RHD-enhancing discharge planning for colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomies.
“I became a person again”: Social inclusion and participation experiences of Ethiopian women post-obstetric fistula surgical repair
Authors: Debele Tibeb Zena , Macdonald Danielle , Aldersey Heather M. , Mengistu Zelalem , Mekonnen Dawit Gebeyehu , Batorowicz Beata
Published: July 2024

Background

Childbirth-related mortality and morbidity affect many women globally, especially in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Obstetric fistula–a preventable condition mainly caused by prolonged and obstructed labor–can lead to physical, psychological, and social challenges, affecting women’s social participation and inclusion.

Objective

This study aims to understand women’s social participation and inclusion experiences post-obstetric fistula surgery.

Methods

This study is part of a larger research project investigating the social inclusion process of women who have had obstetric fistula surgery in Ethiopia. For this study, we conducted a qualitative exploration of women’s experiences, guided by a constructivist grounded theory approach. Twenty-one women discharged from fistula treatment facilities following obstetric fistula surgery were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Data was analyzed using Charmaz’s inductive analysis approach, which involves an initial line-by-line coding followed by focused coding to identify the most significant codes. Subsequently, sub-themes and themes were developed from the focused codes.

Result

The data analysis revealed four themes reflecting the women’s experiences of social participation and inclusion. These are the experience of recovery and the journey toward social participation, participating in expected and meaningful activities, the continued challenge with a romantic relationship, and formal and informal support. Overall, the women who received fistula surgery reported positive life changes, especially regarding their physical well-being. However, they continued to face social challenges such as financial hardship, reproductive health problems, and issues with marriage and family life, which negatively impacted their social participation and inclusion experiences.

Conclusion

While more research is needed, the findings of this study suggest that the social aspects of obstetric fistula are crucial for healthcare professionals to consider. Providing appropriate care and support to address unmet social relationship, employment, and childcare needs could enable women to lead fulfilling lives.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of patients from Thailand with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Woravatin Wipada , Wongkomonched Rattanasak , Tassaneeyakul Wichittra , Stoneking Mark , Makarawate Pattarapong , Kutanan Wibhu
Published: July 2024

Several previous studies have reported that both variation and haplogroups of mitochondrial (mt) DNA were associated with various kinds of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, in different populations, but such studies have not been carried out in Thailand. Here, we sequenced complete mtDNA genomes from 82 patients diagnosed with three types of cardiovascular disease, i.e., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n = 26), Long Q-T Syndrome (LQTS) (n = 7) and Brugada Syndrome (BrS) (n = 49) and compared these with 750 previously published mitogenome sequences from interviewed normal individuals as a control group. Both patient and control groups are from the same geographic region of northeastern Thailand. We found 9, 2, and 5 novel mutations that were not both damaging and deleterious in HCM, LQTS, and BrS patients, respectively. Haplogroup R9c was significantly associated with HCM (P = 0.0032; OR = 62.42; 95%CI = 6.892–903.4) while haplogroup M12b was significantly associated with LQTS (P = 0.0039; OR = 32.93; 95% CI = 5.784–199.6). None of the haplogroups was found to be significantly associated with BrS. A significantly higher density of mtDNA variants in the rRNA genes was found in patients with HCM and BrS (P < 0.001) than in those with LQTS or the control group. Effects of detected SNPs in either protein coding or tRNA genes of all the mitogenome sequences were also predicted. Interestingly, three SNPs in two tRNA genes (MT-TA m.5618T>C and m.5631G>A heteroplasmic variants in two BrS patients and MT-TQ m.4392C>T novel homoplasmic variant in a HCM patient) were predicted to alter tRNA secondary structure, possibly leading to abnormal tRNA function.
An expeditious and facile method of amyloid beta (1–42) purification
Authors: Haque Md. Aminul , Park Il Seon
Published: July 2024

For the study of amyloid beta (Aβ) associated toxicity which is supposed to be the main pathological agent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important to secure Aβ peptide with appropriate biological activity. However, commercial and synthetic Aβ often have some pitfalls like less cell toxicity, prompt aggregation and excess price, using recombinant technology, these issues can be resolved though the method also suffered from some problems such as low yield, aggregation and prolong time to purify. Thus, we previously developed an easy, economic and convenient method for Aβ42 purification using highly expressed GroES-Ubiquitin-Aβ42 fusion protein. The method was efficient, but further development was performed to improve the procedure and increase the yield. Focus was on the isolation of the fusion protein (GroES-Ubiquitin) from Aβ42 peptide. After a series of systematic testing with several chemicals, we found that methanol could precipitate efficiently the fusion protein, while the Aβ peptide was recovered in the supernatant. By this method, Aβ peptide was easily purified without tedious chromatographic steps which are main obstacles to purify the peptide in the previous method. This method yielded ~20 mg highly pure Aβ42 peptide from 1-liter bacterial culture. Different biophysical characterizations and bioactivity assays indicate that the peptide purified using this method was competitive with others which have been previously reported whereas considering the simplicity, final yield and time of purification, this method is the optimal solution.
Clinical and in vitro models identify distinct adaptations enhancing Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis in human macrophages
Authors: Long Dustin R. , Holmes Elizabeth A. , Lo Hsin-Yu , Penewit Kelsi , Almazan Jared , Hodgson Taylor , Berger Nova F. , Bishop Zoe H. , Lewis Janessa D. , Waalkes Adam , Wolter Daniel J. , Salipante Stephen J.
Published: July 2024

Staphylococcus aureusis a facultative intracellular pathogen of human macrophages, which facilitates chronic infection. The genotypes, pathways, and mutations influencing that phenotype remain incompletely explored. Here, we used two distinct strategies to ascertainS.aureusgene mutations affecting pathogenesis in macrophages. First, we analyzed isolates collected serially from chronic cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory infections. We found thatS.aureusstrains evolved greater macrophage invasion capacity during chronic human infection. Bacterial genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 127 candidate genes for which mutation was significantly associated with macrophage pathogenesisin vivo. In parallel, we passaged laboratoryS.aureusstrainsin vitroto select for increased infection of human THP-1 derived macrophages, which identified 15 candidate genes by whole-genome sequencing. Functional validation of candidate genes using isogenic transposon mutant knockouts and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) knockdowns confirmed virulence contributions from 37 of 39 tested genes (95%) implicated byin vivostudies and 7 of 10 genes (70%) ascertained fromin vitroselection, with one gene in common to the two strategies. Validated genes included 17 known virulence factors (39%) and 27 newly identified by our study (61%), some encoding functions not previously associated with macrophage pathogenesis. Most genes (80%) positively impacted macrophage invasion when disrupted, consistent with the phenotype readily arising from loss-of-function mutationsin vivo. This work reveals genes and mechanisms that contribute toS.aureusinfection of macrophages, highlights differences in mutations underlying convergent phenotypes arising fromin vivoandin vitrosystems, and supports the relevance ofS.aureusmacrophage pathogenesis during chronic respiratory infection in CF. Additional studies will be needed to illuminate the exact mechanisms by which implicated mutations affect their phenotypes.
Excedente de visão e exotopia em narrativas sobre violência doméstica no podcast Atena: elas por elas
Authors: Rohling Nívea , Ábila Fernanda
Published: July 2024

Este artigo analisa, sob a ótica dos estudos bakhtinianos, relatos confessionais de mulheres sobreviventes de violência doméstica no podcast Atena: elas por elas. Em seus relatos, essas mulheres tematizam suas vivências situadas no espaço-tempo de seus relacionamentos afetivos, marcados pela violência de gênero. A análise empreendida focalizou o conceito de excedente de visão a fim de observar como sujeitos que mantêm relações de alteridade com mulheres que foram vitimizadas valoram as situações de violência, a partir de seu lugar exotópico - de extralocalização. Os resultados demonstram que os excedentes de visão discursivizados no podcast, por vezes, dão acabamento à mulher como vítima da situação de violência; e, outras vezes, naturalizam a violência doméstica, até mesmo culpabilizando a vítima. Este último caso trata-se de excedentes de visão constituídos no bojo de ideologias machistas legitimadas pela cultura do patriarcado que sustentam as desigualdades entre os gêneros, contribuindo para a perpetuação da violência contra a mulher.
Eficacia de la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica como adyuvante en la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial repentina. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Sánchez-Lozano Jesús , Martínez-Pizarro Sandra
Published: July 2024

Introducción:
La pérdida auditiva neurosensorial súbita es un grave problema de salud social en las sociedades modernas. Aunque la tasa de mortalidad directa es muy baja, su influencia en la calidad de vida es enorme; es por eso que la implementación de las terapias más efectivas y seguras para el paciente es crucial para minimizar el riesgo de complicaciones y reacciones adversas al tratamiento. Los esteroides constituyen la base del tratamiento, sin embargo, recientemente se ha propuesto el uso de la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica en estos pacientes.

Objetivo:
Realizar una revisión sistemática sobre de eficacia de la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica como adyuvante en la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial repentina.

Método:
Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados, realizados en humanos, llevados a cabo en los últimos diez años. La principal base de datos usada ha sido PubMed, a través de la plataforma National Library of Medicine.

Resultados:
La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica es eficaz como tratamiento adyuvante en la pérdida auditiva neurosensorial repentina. La muestra total fue de 806 pacientes de ocho ensayos clínicos. La frecuencia de aplicación la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica fue de una vez por día, durante 28 a 90 minutos por sesión, con un número total de sesiones entre 10 y 20.

Conclusiones:
La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica mejora los umbrales auditivos y conduce a una mejor recuperación auditiva que el tratamiento farmacológico estándar por sí solo en pacientes con pérdida auditiva neurosensorial repentina.
The Transformative Potential of Exosome Research in Cancer Detection and Beyond
Authors: Dhani Harmeet ,   Biological Dynamics
Published: July 2024

In the dynamic field of cancer research, the hunt for breakthroughs in early disease detection is critical for improving patient outcomes. Exosomes are garnering attention for their potential in cancer diagnostics. The emergence of exosomes and their cargo as important biomarkers in disease monitoring, early discovery, and precision medicine may herald a transformative era in patient care.
Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic as a leader in polymer technologies in Central Europe: from contact lenses to 3D printing
Authors: Efmertová Marcela
Published: July 2024

The Czech Republic prides itself on a long-standing tradition in the scientific field of polymer studies and technologies. Seen in this light, the following article seeks to single out this particular tradition and to highlight some of the facts concerning practical applications that have been significantly enhanced by Czech experts such as Otto Wichterle in the latter half of the 20th century. Otto Wichterle, a prominent Czech chemist, revolutionised the field of ophthalmology with his invention of soft contact lenses. Despite the restrictive regime of Communist Czechoslovakia, Wichterle’s innovative work in organic chemistry, plastics, and biomaterials led to the development of hydrophilic soft contact lenses. His home-based experimental setup, which included a children construction set, a bicycle light battery, a phonograph motor, and homemade glass tubing and moulds, resulted in the creation of a transparent and absorbent gel suitable for eye implants. Wichterle’s pioneering work has had a profound global impact, with his invention now used by over 100 million people worldwide. His research has also paved the way for the development of “smart” biomaterials used in various medical devices.
SUBSIDED FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION IN SIDRAP DISTRICT
Authors: Amiruddin Achmad , Ihramsyah Ihramsyah , Fahmid Imam Mujahidin , Muslim Ahmad Imam
Published: July 2024

Subsidized fertilizers have an important and strategic role in increasing agricultural productivity, but there are problems in their distribution that make farmers feel the scarcity of fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers and determine the efficiency of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Sidrap District. Data collection was carried out by interviewing 12 farmers from 6 retailers and 3 distributors using accidental sampling technique. To identify the formulation of the problem, a quantitative descriptive analysis method was used with the percentage of farmers using subsidized fertilizer in accordance with the principles of the right type, amount, price, place, time, quality and to measure the efficiency of distribution can be tested using the marketing margin value. The results of the study showed that the distribution of fertilizers in Sidrap Regency as a whole was effective and efficient. Problems in the distribution of fertilizers in Sidrap Regency include the slowness of farmers in placing orders for fertilizers so that retailers need some time to restock fertilizer according to the needs of farmers, retailers sell fertilizers to other than farmer groups while farmers buy fertilizers not through farmer groups, farmers object to fees to groups farmers so that farmers buy fertilizer directly from retailers. Authors suggested to improve the fertilizer requirements database, socialize the official flow of subsidized fertilizer distribution for retailers and farmers, structure the location or scale of the retailer's business, and set a lower and upper limit for fertilizer distribution transportation costs.
Gambaran Kesadaran, Pengetahuan, Dan Sikap Mahasiswa Keperawatan Terkait Bantuan Hidup Dasar
Authors: Husna Chintya 'aisyah Labibah , Utami Reni Sulung , Ropyanto Chandra Bagus
Published: July 2024

Pendahuluan: Bantuan Hidup Dasar (BHD) merupakan upaya penyelamatan yang pertama kali dilakukan pada korban gawat darurat seperti henti jantung dan henti nafas. Mahasiswa keperawatan merupakan calon tenaga kesehatan yang berpotensi menjadi penolong pada situasi gawat darurat.Tujuan: Penelitian   ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kesadaran, pengetahuan, dan sikap mahasiswa keperawatan terkait BHD. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Sebanyak 295 mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Diponegoro menjadi responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner Kesadaran, Pengetahuan, dan Sikap BHD secara online dan data dianalisis secara univariat.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki kesadaran BHD yang baik. Namun, pengetahuan dan sikap tentang BHD mereka tidak jauh berbeda antara yang baik dan kurang baik. Kesalahan terbanyakyaitu pada bagian rasio, kedalaman pijat jantung dan ventilasi, dan letak defibrillator. Mahasiswa cenderung lebih ingin memberikan pertolongan kepada orang yang dikenal daripada orang yang tidak dikenal. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kompetensi BHD khususnya pada aspek pengetahuan dan sikap, serta dibutuhkan metode pempelajaran yang tepat seperti skenario dan simulasi untukmeningkatkan kompetensi BHD mahasiswa keperawatan.
Wnt5a Influences Viability, Migration, Adhesion, Colony Formation, Eand N-Cadherin Expression of Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SKOV-3
Authors: Jannesari-Ladani F. , Hossein Ghamartaj , Monhasery N. , Shahoei S. H. , Izadimood N.
Published: July 2024

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells express Wnt5a, but its role in ovarian cancer progression is poorly defined. The aims of the present study were two-fold: 1) to determine the Wnt5a role in viability, apoptosis, migration, colony formation and adhesion of human serous epithelial ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3, and 2) to assess the relationship of Wnt5a with Eand N-cadherin in highand low-grade human serous ovarian cancer specimens. Wnt5a over-expression led to 29% increased serum-independent cell viability (P < 0.05) and 35% decreased caspase-3 activity (P < 0.01) compared to SKOV-3 cells. There was 96% (P < 0.001) increased cell motility in Wnt5a-transfected SKOV-3 (SKOV-3/Wnt5a) cells compared to SKOV-3, which was abrogated in the presence of JNK inhibitor. In addition, there was about 42% increased cell adhesion to Matrigel compared to SKOV-3 cells (P < 0.001). Colony-forming assay showed a 4.4-fold increased colony formation in SKOV-3/Wnt5a cells compared to SKOV-3 cells (P < 0.001). Eand N-cadherin levels were reduced by 49 % and 67 % in SKOV-3/Wnt5a cells compared to mock cells, respectively. Wnt5a and E-cadherin immunoexpression was significantly (P < 0.001) different in low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). In HGSC specimens, strong immunoexpression of Wnt5a was detected compared to LGSC. However, E-cadherin showed moderate immunostaining (84 %) in HGSC, whereas 100 % of LGSC specimens showed strong immunoexpression. In both groups no N-cadherin immunoexpression was detected. Moreover, Wnt5a showed a positive relationship with E-cadherin in the LGSC group (r = 0.661, P = 0.027). These results may support important roles for Wnt5a in EOC progression.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine: An anti-constitutional moment in international law?
Authors: Peters Anne
Published: July 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine was the first open and blatant aggression against a sovereign neighbour state in Europe since 1945. Does this war have systemic significance for the legal order as a whole? The contribution singles out legal trends that relate to three fundamental principles of the current international legal order: peace, people (humanity), and the planet. My thesis is that, although Russia has breached a fundamental, even constitutional, principle of international law, namely the prohibition of inter-state military force, this breach has productively – though unintentionally – boosted, firstly, a modest reform of the UN architecture and, secondly, a further humanization of international law. A third trend is the ‘greening’ of the law surrounding war and of the legal status of the individual. These are important positive developments that go to the very heart of international law. With some optimism, the ‘Ukraine moment’ can therefore be seen not only as an anti-constitutional, but at the same time also as a constitutional moment.
The International Olympic Committee as policymaker: Identifying the leading areas of change in candidature, delivery and legacy aspects of the Olympic Games
Authors: Jastrząbek Julia
Published: July 2024

Studies on policy process provide a practical methodological approach for analysing how identified problems are addressed, or how other issues receive special attention from the entities responsible for policy design. In this article, it is argued that the International Olympic Committee (IOC), as an international non-governmental not-for-profit organization, has its own initiative to design policies and reforms aimed at solving problems and challenges that emerge during each stage of the Olympic Games lifecycle: candidature process, event organization, and realization of legacy strategy. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify the leading areas of change in the policy created by the IOC, based on the analysis of strategic documents published by this organization or its appointed commissions. The research applies qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative part is based on a critical literature review, elements of a case study, desk research, and comparative analysis. Quantitative methods are represented by the visualization of statistical data and the ‘text as data’ approach, where the IOC documents are analysed in the integrated development environment R Studio by using functions included in the quanteda R package. The main findings demonstrate the growing importance of sustainability and legacy in all aspects of the Olympic Games lifecycle, along with the implementation of consecutive policy reforms. One interesting conclusion that emerged from the analysis is that some recommendations are very similar or even recurrent. In this study, the research attention is also drawn to the fact that the usefulness and effectiveness of the policies implemented at various stages of the Olympic Games lifecycle are contingent upon the quality of the institutions of the host countries.
Przyszłość instytucji małżeństwa w opiniach małżonków z długim stażem małżeńskim
Authors: Żurek Aldona
Published: July 2024

W Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej, z dekady na dekadę ubywa małżeństw. Jest to spowodowane dwoma zjawiskami: malejącą liczbą zawieranych związków instytucjonalnych oraz wzrastającą liczbą rozwodów. W związku z tym należy zadać pytanie o to, jaka będzie przyszłość tej instytucji społecznej. Próbą odpowiedzi na nie są wyniki badań, których obiektem byli małżonkowie pozostający w długotrwałych związkach małżeńskich. Ogółem przeprowadzono 24 wywiady z osobami pozostającymi w związkach małżeńskich od co najmniej 25 lat. Respondenci z perspektywy własnych doświadczeń oraz decyzji dotyczących życia intymnego ich potomstwa wskazywali na cechy instytucji małżeńskiej, a także na zadania, jakie ta instytucja pełni wobec jednostek i społeczeństwa. Wypowiadali się również na temat przyszłości instytucji małżeństwa. Ich prognozy nie były optymistyczne. Małżeństwo, w ich opinii, jest instytucją, która wymaga wielu wyrzeczeń od partnerów, często nie dając korzyści, których spodziewają się małżonkowie. Współcześnie związek małżeński to alternatywa dla innych postaci życia osobistego, takich jak konkubinaty, samotne rodzicielstwo czy singlostwo.
The Status of AAC Researches and Intervention in Special Education Institutes of Gyeongnam and Busan
Authors: Han Kyung Im ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2024

This study was to survey the status of AAC researches and intervention in special education institutes of Gyeongnam and Busan. The survey institutes were 9 special schools and 3 daycare centers for children with disabilities and 1 special education support center. For surveying the research status, AAC researches written after 2010 in Gyeongnam and Busan were collected from Research Information Sharing Service. Although there were lots of students needing AAC(9.1%-57.7% of total students in the special education institutes), just a little students(0-28% of students needing AAC) used AAC system in those institutes. Most of AAC devices which students used were limited digital recording voice output communication aides. Many teachers requested field training about AAC because they had many difficulties to find appropriate AAC devices and intervention strategies for individual students. It is need to develop field training program so that teachers to learn about AAC intervention easily through cyber space. There are some researches performed to survey the status of AAC utility and perception of teachers and general students about AAC after 2010 in Gyeongnam and Busan. It is need to study about AAC intervention for young children with disabilities and for students with disabilities in the settings of transition and vocation.
‘Daily Oral Motor Exercise for 15 Minutes’ for Cerebral Palsy : A Case Report for the Mobile Application Development
Authors: Lee Soo Bok , Jeong Pil Yeon , Lee Myoung Hee ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2024

Although technological progress has been accelerating, however, person with Cerebral Palsy(CP) has been known to have limited speaking opportunities due to their limited motor function and access to appropriate assistive technology. There is a need for more research on how to improve their communication skills in daily life. Thus, we present an mobile application called ‘daily oral motor exercise for 15 minutes’ for person with CP. We’ve developed it based on our knowledge in speech language pathology. In this case report, we provide an application-development process, including planning, design, programming with Appinventor, and registering an application to a market.
Recuperación de espermatozoides de la orina en hombres con eyaculación retrógrada
Authors: Veiga Álvarez Ernesto , Zopeque García Nuria , Gutiérrez Romero Javier M. , Reimundo Díaz-Fierros Pilar , Lozano Arana María D. , Rodríguez Pérez Tamara , Sánchez Álvarez Javier , Bueno Rodríguez Guadalupe , Castañón Bernardo Vanesa , Moyano Gallego María J.
Published: July 2024

Introducción

La eyaculación retrógrada (ER) es la ausencia total o parcial de emisión del esperma, con la consecuente derivación del semen hacia la vejiga durante la fase de emisión de la eyaculación. Existe un grupo de pacientes en los que la evaluación del eyaculado no es suficiente para su detección. Y, en ocasiones, va a ser necesario recurrir a la utilización de métodos invasivos como la extracción de fluido epididimario, o la biopsia testicular para tratar su infertilidad.

Contenido

El documento define la ER, y los métodos para su diagnóstico. También aborda la detección de espermatozoides en la orina poseyaculado (OPE), la preparación y recuperación de espermatozoides de la orina, y su uso posterior en técnicas de reproducción asistida.

El diagnóstico de ER se basa en la detección de espermatozoides en OPE en pacientes con aspermia o con oligozoospermia y volumen seminal bajo o normal. Aunque la presencia de espermatozoides en OPE podría considerarse por sí misma diagnóstica de ER, existe una falta de consenso en cuanto a definir exactamente los criterios diagnósticos y son muy pocos los estudios que los describen. Un correcto diagnóstico de la ER permite utilizar OPE para la obtención de espermatozoides y su posterior uso en técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, evitando técnicas invasivas.

Perspectivas

Un importante número de pacientes con ER puede permanecer sin diagnosticar. Por ello, es fundamental realizar el estudio de ER en pacientes con sospecha, mediante el estudio de la OPE, siendo necesaria una adecuada interpretación de los resultados para su correcto diagnóstico.
The potential, limitations, and future of diagnostics enhanced by generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Shimizu Taro
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This short communication explores the potential, limitations, and future directions of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in enhancing diagnostics.

Methods

This commentary reviews current applications and advancements in GAI, particularly focusing on its integration into medical diagnostics. It examines the role of GAI in supporting medical interviews, assisting in differential diagnosis, and aiding clinical reasoning through the lens of dual-process theory. The discussion is supported by recent examples and theoretical frameworks to illustrate the practical and potential uses of GAI in medicine.

Results

GAI shows significant promise in enhancing diagnostic processes by supporting the translation of patient descriptions into visual formats, providing differential diagnoses, and facilitating complex clinical reasoning. However, limitations such as the potential for generating medical misinformation, known as hallucinations, exist. Furthermore, the commentary highlights the integration of GAI with both intuitive and analytical decision-making processes in clinical diagnostics, demonstrating potential improvements in both the speed and accuracy of diagnoses.

Conclusions

While GAI presents transformative potential for medical diagnostics, it also introduces risks that must be carefully managed. Future advancements should focus on refining GAI technologies to better align with human diagnostic reasoning, ensuring GAI enhances rather than replaces the medical professionals’ expertise.
Research progress of freeze–thaw rock using bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhao Pengtao , Wang Ying , Xu Zhengxuan , Chang Xingwang , Zhang Yunhui
Published: July 2024

Freeze–thaw cycles significantly impact resource development and construction projects in alpine regions. This study presents a bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science database, spanning the period from 2000 to 2023. This analysis evaluates the status of hotspots and research trends in freeze–thaw rock. Our findings reveal that rock freeze–thaw research is a typical multiauthor, multicounty, and multi-institution cooperative field involved in many research fields. China had the highest number (420) of peer-review publications. According to the number of publications, 28 of the top 30 institutions are in China. The top 30 authors, ranked by their publications, contributed 55.4% of the total publications. The cumulative number of publications has presented an exponential increase over the past 23 years, with maximum annual growth rate of 36.9%. The keyword analysis suggests the emergence of modern technological techniques, including numerical simulation, microscopic rock structure analysis, and machine learning, in recent years augment to traditional methods. This article also identifies three potential areas for future research, thereby aiding in understanding the past developments, current status, and future trends of freeze–thaw rock research. Additionally, it provides a theoretical basis for engineering construction and slope disaster management in alpine regions.
Layout of anatomical structures and blood vessels based on the foundational model of anatomy
Authors: Gröne Niklas , Grüneisen Benjamin , Klein Karsten , de Bono Bernard , Czauderna Tobias , Schreiber Falk
Published: July 2024

We present a method for the layout of anatomical structures and blood vessels based on information from the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA). Our approach integrates a novel vascular layout into the hierarchical treemap representation of anatomy as used in ApiNATOMY. Our method aims to improve the comprehension of complex anatomical and vascular data by providing readable visual representations. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through a prototype developed in VANTED, showing potential for application in research, education, and clinical settings.
Healthy lifestyle perceptions and practices among college students at Yanbu University College for Women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bizzari Ansam , Nasar Farhat
Published: July 2024

Background and aim

This study aimed to assess the healthy lifestyle perceptions and practices among female students enrolled in Yanbu University College for Women.

Methods

This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional descriptive study targeted the entire student body in the academic year 2022–2023 and included a convenience sample of 604 students.

Results

The majority of respondents were healthy, with a mean of 19.5 years of age. Most students thought a healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, and stress management were good for their health (96%), and most stated that their habits needed improvement (64%). Behavior results showed that dietary intake was inadequate, with less than 25% of participants consuming recommended amounts of grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy products, and water. Students with iron deficiency anemia were more likely to follow a vegan diet and consume less of all food groups than healthy participants. Physical activity results showed that 52% of study participants engaged in daily moderate activity, 30% were inactive, and 9% were highly active. Only 25% of participants reported sleeping the recommended daily 7–9 h. The majority of respondents believed managing stress was critical for their health (95%) and stated several methods of dealing with stress, but about 34% did nothing about it.

Conclusion

The study found a gap between knowledge and practice, with physical activity practices showing higher engagement than the other aspects. This gap can be addressed through comprehensive programs targeting behaviors and support practices. Intervention educational programs may significantly improve students’ healthy lifestyle behavior and health outcomes.
Application of KH-RT model in lifting flame of methanol jet atomization
Authors: Wang Qiuyin , Song Wenyan , Lai Zhengxin , Fu Yu
Published: July 2024

For the methanol jet atomization in a co-flow gas lifting flame, the self-developed WAVE model and KH-RT model were employed using the Saturne program to simulate the primary breakup of the jet column and the atomization of spray particles. Additionally, the unsteady flamelet model was utilized to simulate the combustion process. Comparing the calculated flame lifting height, droplet diameter distribution, and velocity distribution with experimental results demonstrates the atomization model’s ability to accurately capture the methanol fuel atomization process. This comparison verifies the reliability of both the atomization and combustion models, indicating their high accuracy. The study shows that upon injection from the nozzle, methanol fuel rapidly diffused, creating a cone-shaped spray structure. The high concentration of OH radicals is located close to the boundary between the regions of OH radical distribution and methanol distribution, gradually spreading downstream of the methanol jet. Furthermore, an increase in fuel flow rate resulted in a reduction in the flame’s lift height.
Synthesis of modified Schiff base appended 1,2,4-triazole hybrids scaffolds: elucidating the in vitro and in silico α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors potential
Authors: Abbasi Shahzad Ahmad , Rahim Fazal , Hussain Rafaqat , Rehman Wajid , Khan Shoaib , Taha Muhammad , Iqbal Tayyiaba , Khan Yousaf , Ali Shah Syed Adnan
Published: July 2024

The current study involves the synthesis of Schiff bases based on 1,2,4-triazoles skeleton and assessing their α-amylase and α-glucosidase profile. Furthermore, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. Using glimepiride as the reference standard, the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in order to determine their potential anti-diabetic properties. All analogues showed varied range of inhibitory activity having IC50 values ranging from 17.09 ± 0.72 to 45.34 ± 0.03 μM (α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42 to 42.31 ± 0.09 μM (α-glucosidase), respectively. Specifically, the compounds 1, 7 and 8 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 17.09 ± 0.72, 19.73 ± 0.42, and 23.01 ± 0.04 μM (against α-amylase) and 16.35 ± 0.42, 18.55 ± 0.26, and 20.07 ± 0.02 μM (against α-glucosidase) respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Glimepiride reference drug having IC50 values of 13.02 ± 0.11 μM (for α-glucosidase) and 15.04 ± 0.02 μM (for α-amylase), respectively. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted based on differences in substituent patterns at varying position of aryl rings A and B may cause to alter the inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding interactions possessed by most active analogues with the active sites of targeted α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.
Comparison between a New Rigid Dilatometer and the Ménard Pressuremeter in a Reconstituted Sand
Authors: Besson Théo , Jacquard Catherine , Rispal Michel , Reiffsteck Philippe , Szymkiewicz Fabien
Published: July 2024

Borehole expansion tests such as the Ménard pressuremeter test (PMT) are widely used in geotechnical testing as they provide a modulus that can be used to estimate settlements under geotechnical structures. This paper describes a new soil investigation apparatus that performs an expansion test in a prebored hole called the dilatometer Fondasol test (DFT). From this test, an in situ load-displacement curve is obtained in the same manner as the PMT. The apparatus is based on the concept of the rigid dilatometer used in rock mechanics with two rigid and semicylindrical shells spread against the borehole walls. Four different prototypes have been developed and successfully tested on Hostun sand reconstituted by vibration in a test chamber at a density index varying from 0.18 to 0.72. Results show that despite the significant differences in the shells’ geometry, they have little impact on the measurement of an apparent modulus. Three different formulas derived from elastic theory have been evaluated for the computation of dilatometer moduli: EDFT;M, EDFT;G, and EDFT;BJ. A comparative study with pressuremeter tests shows that EDFT;M and EDFT;BJ are close to the pressuremeter moduli EPMT;M with a ratio EPMT/EDFT ranging between 1.2 and 0.8 depending on the density of the sand. The moduli EDFT;G are significantly higher than EPMT;M and vary importantly depending on the prototypes. Dilatometer’s load-displacement curves show that global failure occurs at higher stresses than with the pressuremeter.
Predatory Data: Eugenics in Big Tech and Our Fight for an Independent Future
Authors: Chan Anita Say
Published: July 2024

Predatory Data illuminates the connections between the nineteenth century’s anti‑immigration and eugenics movements and today’s sprawling systems of techno-surveillance and algorithmic discrimination. Historical and globally multisited, the book examines how dispossession, misrecognition, and segregation are being magnified by dominant knowledge institutions in the Age of Big Data.

Technological advancement has a history, including efforts to chart a path for alternative futures. Anita Say Chan explores these important parallel stories of defiant refusal and liberatory activism, such as how feminist, immigrant, and other minoritized actors worked to develop alternative data practices. Their methods and traditions, over a century old, continue to reverberate through global justice‑based data initiatives today. Predatory Data charts a path for an alternative historical consciousness grounded in the pursuit of global justice.
Between Household and State: The Mughal Frontier and the Politics of Circulation in Peninsular India
Authors: Dayal Subah
Published: July 2024

Between Household and State departs from dynastic narrations of the Mughal past to highlight the role of elite households and familial networks in peninsular India, the only region of the subcontinent never fully incorporated into the imperial realm. Drawing on rare documentary and literary materials in Persian and Urdu alongside the Dutch East India Company’s archives, this book takes readers on a journey from military forts and regional courts in the Deccan to the ports and weaving villages of the Coromandel Coast. It examines how regional elite alliances, feuds, and material exchanges intersected with imperial institutions to create new forms of affinity, belonging, and social exclusion. Subah Dayal brings attention to the importance of ghar—or home—in the creation of forms of mobility that anchored the Mughal frontier across the variable geography of peninsular India in the seventeenth century.