bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La publicidad alimentaria en la campaña de Navidad
Authors: Piqueiras Conlledo Paloma , Tortosa Vicente Alba
Published: July 2018

In our world, advertising has an undeniable influence: determines the products we choose and our consumer choices, even with regard to food. Therefore, the characteristics of the information provided through advertising will be crucial. This message is of great importance during the Christmas season, shopping triples and family gatherings will mark a period in which foodstuffs acquire, along with gifts, most prominence. That is why many advertisers (both the food industry and other sectors such as perfumes, toys …) try to introduce into their various resources and holiday spots to stereotypes, through the way of excitement, consumers decant for either product. This work aims to determine what patterns, if any, used by advertisers of food products in the Christmas season. For this reason has been done a content analysis on 127 Telecinco ads broadcasted the week before Christmas. The results, which were obtained from the encoding of these broadcasts, conclude that there are similar patterns used in the Christmas campaigns. Among the most used items can be highlighted the use of the Christmas tree or the gathering around a table, still unequal use made of them advertising seasonal and nonseasonal products.
Prescriptores, marcas y tuits. El marketing de influencia
Authors: Castelló Martínez Araceli , del Pino Romero Cristina
Published: July 2018

Advertiser figure has been one of the resources most widely used in advertising throughout its history. However, with the popularization of social networks, power of recommendation of products and brands has spread practically to anybody, insofar individual interacts with other users through these platforms, also talking concerning his/her experiences as buyer and consumer. In addition to this, blogs and platforms such as Twitter or Instagram have motivated the emergence of a new profile of prescribers, opinion leaders who brands resort to with the aim of multiplying the reach of their communication actions. This article focuses on what influence marketing is and which are its characteristics as well as describes the legal and ethical rules advertisers and agencies must take into account to perform advertising campaigns with influencers via social networks.
Funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiência
Authors: Santos Patrícia Domingos dos , Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Sousa Bianca Andrade de , Pires Greicy Kelly Wosniak , Iop Rodrigo Da Rosa , Ferreira Elizandra Gonçalves , Silva Rudney Da
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Professores da educação infantil são capazes de fornecer informações realistas acerca da funcionalidade e da qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiências incluídas nas classes regulares.Objetivo: Analisar a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida de crianças com deficiência inseridas na educação infantil da rede pública de ensino de Capital do Sul do Brasil. Método: Foram selecionados professores de educação especial. professores de sala. professores de educação física. professores auxiliares de educação especial e auxiliares de sala de crianças com deficiência. entre dois e cinco anos de idade. que apresentam comprometimentos motores e estão inseridas na educação infantil da rede municipal de Florianópolis. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e o Questionário Pediátrico sobre Qualidade de Vida versão 4.0. além de uma ficha de identificação.Resultados: Houve semelhanças entre os relatos dos professores sobre funcionalidade e qualidade de vida das crianças. Conclusão: Há diferentes formações acadêmicas. categorias profissionais e carga horária de trabalho. porém os relatos destes professores apresentaram certa homogeneidade. indicando que estão  tentos às tarefas educativas e de cuidados destas crianças. promovendo o processo de inclusão. o desenvolvimento infantil e o bem estar geral da criança.
Unexpected similarities between C9ORF72 and sporadic forms of ALS/FTD suggest a common disease mechanism
Authors: Conlon Erin G , Fagegaltier Delphine , Agius Phaedra , Davis-Porada Julia , Gregory James , Hubbard Isabel , Kang Kristy , Kim Duyang ,   The New York Genome Center ALS Consortium, Phatnani Hemali , Kwan Justin , Sareen Dhruv , Broach James R , Simmons Zachary , Arcila-Londono Ximena , Lee Edward B , Van Deerlin Vivianna M , Shneider Neil A , Fraenkel Ernest , Ostrow Lyle W , Baas Frank , Zaitlen Noah , Berry James D , Malaspina Andrea , Fratta Pietro , Cox Gregory A , Thompson Leslie M , Finkbeiner Steve , Dardiotis Efthimios , Miller Timothy M , Chandran Siddharthan , Pal Suvankar , Hornstein Eran , MacGowan Daniel J , Heiman-Patterson Terry , Hammell Molly G , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A , Dubnau Joshua , Nath Avindra , Phatnani Hemali , Shneider Neil A , Manley James L
Published: July 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent two ends of a disease spectrum with shared clinical, genetic and pathological features. These include near ubiquitous pathological inclusions of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TDP-43, and often the presence of a GGGGCC expansion in the C9ORF72 (C9) gene. Previously, we reported that the sequestration of hnRNP H altered the splicing of target transcripts in C9ALS patients (Conlon et al., 2016). Here, we show that this signature also occurs in half of 50 postmortem sporadic, non-C9 ALS/FTD brains. Furthermore, and equally surprisingly, these ‘like-C9’ brains also contained correspondingly high amounts of insoluble TDP-43, as well as several other disease-related RBPs, and this correlates with widespread global splicing defects. Finally, we show that the like-C9 sporadic patients, like actual C9ALS patients, were much more likely to have developed FTD. We propose that these unexpected links between C9 and sporadic ALS/FTD define a common mechanism in this disease spectrum.
Socioeconomic status is not associated with health-related quality of life in a group of overweight middle-aged men
Authors: Derraik José G.B. , Albert Benjamin B. , de Bock Martin , Butler Éadaoin M. , Hofman Paul L. , Cutfield Wayne S.
Published: July 2018

Socioeconomic status is a known determinant of health. In secondary data analyses, we assessed whether socioeconomic status affected health-related quality of life in a group of overweight (body mass index 25–30 kg/m2) middle-aged (45.9 ± 5.4 years) men, recruited in Auckland (New Zealand). Health-related quality of life was assessed with SF-36v2 three times: at baseline, and 12 and 30 weeks later. Socioeconomic status was determined by geo-coded deprivation scores derived from current address using the New Zealand Index of Deprivation 2006 (NZDep2006), as well as capital value of residence. Univariable and multivariable analyses showed no associations between measures of socioeconomic status and any mental or physical health domains. Our findings may reflect the fact that these men are not currently experiencing comorbidities associated with overweight.
Quantized H∞ filtering for state‐delayed systems with finite frequency specifications
Authors: El Hellani D. , El Hajjaji A. , Ceschi R.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a novel design approach for the finite frequency (FF) H∞ filtering problem for discrete‐time state‐delayed systems with quantized measurements. The system state and output are assumed affected by FF external noises. Attention is focused on the design of a stable filter that guarantees the stability and a prescribed ℓ2 gain performance level for the filtering error system in the FF domain of input noises. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are developed by choosing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional based on the delay partitioning technique and using the FF ℓ2 gain definition combined with the generalized S‐procedure. Then, by means of Finsler's lemma, the derived conditions are linearized and additional slack variables are further introduced to more flexible result. Final filter design conditions are consequently established in terms of linear matrix inequalities in three different frequency ranges, ie, low‐, middle‐ and high‐frequency range. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the merits of the proposed approach.
Precursor Solution Annealing Forms Cubic‐Phase Perovskite and Improves Humidity Resistance of Solar Cells
Authors: Khlyabich Petr P. , Hamill J. Clay , Loo Yueh‐Lin
Published: July 2018

Solar cells with light‐absorbing layers comprising organometal halide perovskites have recently exceeded 22% efficiency. Despite high power‐conversion efficiencies, the stability of these devices, particularly when exposed to humidity and oxygen, remains poor. In the current study, a pathway to increase the stability of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) based solar cells towards humidity is demonstrated, while maintaining the simplicity and solution‐processability of the active layers. Thermal annealing of the precursor solution prior to deposition induces the formation of cubic‐phase perovskite films in the solid state at room temperature. The experiments demonstrate that this improved ambient stability is correlated with the presence of the cubic phase at device operating temperatures, with the cubic phase resisting the formation of perovskite monohydrate—a pathway of degradation in conventionally processed perovskite thin films—on exposure to humidity.
Gate‐Induced Massive and Reversible Phase Transition of VO2 Channels Using Solid‐State Proton Electrolytes
Authors: Jo Minguk , Lee Hyeon Jun , Oh Chadol , Yoon Hyojin , Jo Ji Young , Son Junwoo
Published: July 2018

The use of gate bias to control electronic phases in VO2, an archetypical correlated oxide, offers a powerful method to probe their underlying physics, as well as for the potential to develop novel electronic devices. Up to date, purely electrostatic gating in 3‐terminal devices with correlated channel shows the limited electrostatic gating efficiency due to insufficiently induced carrier density and short electrostatic screening length. Here massive and reversible conductance modulation is shown in a VO2 channel by applying gate bias VG at low voltage by a solid‐state proton (H+) conductor. By using porous silica to modulate H+ concentration in VO2, gate‐induced reversible insulator‐to‐metal (I‐to‐M) phase transition at low voltage, and unprecedented two‐step insulator‐to‐metal‐to‐insulator (I‐to‐M‐to‐I) phase transition at high voltage are shown. VG strongly and efficiently injects H+ into the VO2 channel without creating oxygen deficiencies; this H+‐induced electronic phase transition occurs by giant modulation (≈7%) of out‐of‐plane lattice parameters as a result of H+‐induced chemical expansion. The results clarify the role of H+ on the electronic state of the correlated phases, and demonstrate the potentials for electronic devices that use ionic/electronic coupling.
A Highly Crystalline Fused‐Ring n‐Type Small Molecule for Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells and Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Song Xin , Gasparini Nicola , Nahid Masrur Morshed , Chen Hu , Macphee Sky Marie , Zhang Weimin , Norman Victoria , Zhu Chenhui , Bryant Daniel , Ade Harald , McCulloch Iain , Baran Derya
Published: July 2018

N‐type organic small molecules (SMs) are attracting attention in the organic electronics field, due to their easy purification procedures with high yield. However, only a few reports show SMs that perform well in both organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, the synthesis and characterization of an n‐type small molecule with an indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT) core unit and linear alkylated side chain (C16) (IDTTIC) are reported. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art n‐type molecule IDTIC, IDTTIC exhibits smaller optical bandgap and higher absorption coefficient, which is due to the enhanced intramolecular effect. After mixing with the polymer donor PBDB‐T, IDTIC‐based solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of only 5.67%. In stark contrast, the OSC performance of IDTTIC improves significantly to 11.2%. It is found that the superior photovoltaic properties of PBDB‐T:IDTTIC blends are mainly due to reduced trap‐assisted recombination and enhanced molecular packing coherence length and higher domain purity when compared to IDTIC. Moreover, a significantly higher electron mobility of 0.50 cm2 V−1 s−1 for IDTTIC in OFET devices than for IDTIC (0.15 cm2 V−1 s−1) is obtained. These superior performances in OSCs and OFETs demonstrate that SMs with extended π‐conjugation of the backbone possess a great potential for application in organic electronic devices.
Platelet–Leukocyte Hybrid Membrane‐Coated Immunomagnetic Beads for Highly Efficient and Highly Specific Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Rao Lang , Meng Qian‐Fang , Huang Qinqin , Wang Zixiang , Yu Guang‐Tao , Li Andrew , Ma Weijie , Zhang Nangang , Guo Shi‐Shang , Zhao Xing‐Zhong , Liu Kan , Yuan Yufeng , Liu Wei
Published: July 2018

Biomimetic cell‐membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles with desirable features have been widely used for various biomedical applications. However, the current research focuses on single cell membrane coating and using multiple cell membranes for nanoparticle functionalization is still challenging. In this work, platelet (PLT) and leukocyte (WBC) membranes are fused, PLT–WBC hybrid membranes are coated onto magnetic beads, and then their surface is modified with specific antibodies. The resulting PLT–WBC hybrid membrane‐coated immunomagnetic beads (HM‐IMBs) inherit enhanced cancer cell binding ability from PLTs and reduce homologous WBC interaction from WBCs, and are further used for highly efficient and highly specific isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). By using spiked blood samples, it is found that, compared with commercial IMBs, the cell separation efficiency of HM‐IMBs is improved to 91.77% from 66.68% and the cell purity is improved to 96.98% from 66.53%. Furthermore, by using the HM‐IMBs, highly pure CTCs are successfully identified in 19 out of 20 clinical blood samples collected from breast cancer patients. Finally, the robustness of HM‐IMBs is verified in downstream CTC analysis such as the detection of PIK3CA gene mutations. It is anticipated that this novel hybrid membrane coating strategy will open new possibilities for overcoming the limitations of current theranostic platforms.
Ordered Mesoporous C70 with Highly Crystalline Pore Walls for Energy Applications
Authors: Benzigar Mercy R. , Joseph Stalin , Baskar Arun V. , Park Dae‐Hwan , Chandra Goutam , Umapathy Siva , Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Vinu Ajayan
Published: July 2018

Mesoporous materials with carbon framework structure can offer distinctive functionalities with tunable electronic or catalytic properties. Many synthetic routes including hard or soft templating approaches are developed for the fabrication of various ordered mesoporous carbon based materials which have demonstrated unique catalytic and energy storage properties. So far, most of these techniques deliver only mesoporous carbon with amorphous wall structures which limit their performance in many applications. Fullerenes exhibit unique structure and significant properties including superconductivity, electrochemical stability, and heat resistance. Herein, for the first time, the preparation of highly ordered mesoporous fullerene C70 materials with tunable porous structure and controlled rod‐shaped morphology through the thermal oligomerization of fullerene C70 molecules inside the mesopore channels of SBA‐15 silica as a hard template with the help of chlorinated aromatics, wherein the solubility of fullerenes is high, is reported. It is demonstrated that these metal‐free mesoporous fullerene C70 framework with a high surface area and bimodal pores with multifunctionality exhibit excellent performance in the oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cells and supercapacitors. This simple strategy can also be extended to other fullerene nanostructures with different carbon atoms which can exhibit interesting physicochemical properties and find applications in catalysis and energy storage.
Plasmonic Retrofitting of Membrane Materials: Shifting from Self‐Regulation to On‐Command Control of Fluid Flow
Authors: Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Furini Leonardo N. , Tiu Brylee David B. , Cao Peng‐Fei , Topçu Begüm , Comesaña‐Hermo Miguel , Rodríguez‐González Benito , Baaziz Walid , Ersen Ovidiu , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A.
Published: July 2018

This work calls for a paradigm shift in order to change the operational patterns of self‐regulated membranes in response to chemical signals. To this end, the fabrication of a retrofitting material is introduced aimed at developing an innovative generation of porous substrates endowed with symbiotic but fully independent sensing and actuating capabilities. This is accomplished by transferring carefully engineered plasmonic architectures onto commercial microfiltration membranes lacking of such features. The integration of these materials leads to the formation of a coating surface proficient for ultrasensitive detection and “on‐command” gating. Both functionalities can be synergistically modulated by the spatial and temporal distribution of an impinging light beam offering an unprecedented control over the membrane performance in terms of permeability. The implementation of these hybrid nanocomposites in conventional polymeric porous materials holds great potential in applications ranging from intelligent fluid management to advanced filtration technologies and controlled release.
One‐Step Construction of N,P‐Codoped Porous Carbon Sheets/CoP Hybrids with Enhanced Lithium and Potassium Storage
Authors: Bai Jing , Xi Baojuan , Mao Hongzhi , Lin Yue , Ma Xiaojian , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin
Published: July 2018

Despite the desirable advancement in synthesizing transition‐metal phosphides (TMPs)‐based hybrid structures, most methods depend on foreign‐template‐based multistep procedures for tailoring the specific structure. Herein, a self‐template and recrystallization–self‐assembly strategy for the one‐step synthesis of core–shell‐like cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded into nitrogen and phosphorus codoped porous carbon sheets (CoP⊂NPPCS), is first proposed. Relying on the unusual coordination ability of melamine with metal ions and the cooperative hydrogen bonding of melamine and phytic acid to form a 2D network, a self‐synthesized single precursor can be attained. Importantly, this approach can be easily expanded to synthesize other TMPs⊂NPPCS. Due to the unique compositional and structural characteristics, these CoP⊂NPPCSs manifest outstanding electrochemical performances as anode materials for both lithium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries. The unusual hybrid architecture, the high specific surface area, and porous features make the CoP⊂NPPCS attractive for other potential applications, such as supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening of Cyclic Diaryliodonium with Benzylic and Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Xu Shibo , Zhao Kun , Gu Zhenhua
Published: July 2018

A Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction between cyclic diaryliodonium and benzylic or aliphatic amines has been developed. At low concentration of the amines, realized by either mixing the amines with Lewis acid or slow addition of the amines, the reaction afforded the products in high enantioselectivity.

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Preparation of polymers of intrinsic microporosity composite membranes incorporated with modified nano‐fumed silica for butanol separation
Authors: Lan Yongqiang , Peng Ping , Chen Ping
Published: July 2018

In this work, the modified nano‐fumed silica particles (MNFS) as fillers were incorporated into the polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) matrix to fabricate composite membranes for removing butanol from water. A range of characterization techniques was employed to analyze the properties and pervaporation (PV) performances of the composite membranes. It was found that the addition of MNFS into the PIM‐1 matrix dramatically decreased the swelling degree as compared to pure PIM‐1, implying an increment of the stability of separation performances. Moreover, the PV performances of the composite membranes were significantly enhanced, and the superior PV performances were on account of the following reasons: there was a good compatibility between PIM‐1 and MNFS; and the incorporation of MNFS improved the hydrophobicity of the membranes and disrupted the packing of polymer chains, therefore providing special channels for rapid transport of butanol molecules.
Clinical Informatics Competencies in the Emergency Medicine Specialist Training Standards of Five International Jurisdictions
Authors: Holroyd Brian R. , Beeson Michael S. , Hughes Thomas , Kurland Lisa , Sherbino Jonathan , Truesdale Melinda , Hersh William
Published: July 2018

Background

The field of clinical informatics (CI), and specifically the electronic health record, has been identified as a key facilitator to achieve a sustainable evidence‐based health care system for the future. International graduate medical education (GME) programs have been challenged to ensure that their trainees are provided with appropriate skills to deliver effective and efficient health care in an evolving environment.

Objectives

This study explored how international emergency medicine (EM) specialist training standards address competencies and training in relevant areas of CI.

Methods

A list of categories of CI competencies relative to EM was developed following a thematic review of published references documenting CI curriculum and competencies. Publicly available documents outlining core content, curriculum, and competencies from international organizations responsible for specialty GME and/or credentialing in EM for Australasia, Canada, Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States were identified. These EM training standards were reviewed to identify inclusion of topics related to the relevant categories of CI competencies.

Results

A total of 23 EM curriculum documents were included in the review. Curricula content related to critical appraisal/evidence‐based medicine, leadership, quality improvement, and privacy/security were included in all EM curricula. The CI topics related to fundamental computer skills, computerized provider order entry, and patient‐centered informatics were only included in the EM curricula documents for the United States and were absent for the other jurisdictions.

Conclusion

There is variation in the CI‐related content of the international EM specialty training standards reviewed. Given the increasing importance of CI in the future delivery of health care, organizations responsible for training and credentialing specialist emergency physicians must ensure that their training standards incorporate relevant CI content, thus ensuring that their trainees gain competence in essential aspects of CI.
Control of viscous fingering and mixing in miscible displacements with time‐dependent rates
Authors: Yuan Qingwang , Zhou Xiang , Wang Jinjie , Zeng Fanhua , Knorr Kelvin D. , Imran Muhammad
Published: July 2018

In miscible displacements encountered in enhanced oil recovery processes, the unfavorable viscosity contrast between injected solvent and oil usually leads to viscous fingering (VF), a hydrodynamic instability which may result in a lower sweep efficiency and oil recovery. This phenomenon can be observed in a wide range of flows in subsurface porous media. This study examined a simple cyclic time‐dependent displacement rate and its effects on the onset and longer development of VF. It is found that such varying displacement rate can either stabilize or destabilize VF, depending on the cycle period, amplitude, and displacement scenarios. The most important mechanism is that such time‐dependent rate can effectively change the competition between convection (destabilizing effect) and dispersion (stabilizing effect). This is different from the widely used constant injection rate where the flow instability is actually determined by the Peclet number and mobility contrast for a given scenario. This study therefore provided a new aspect to control VF, either enhance or reduce, with low additional costs. It is therefore both scientifically and practically important for a wide range of flows in subsurface porous media. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 360–371, 2019
Agricultural injuries among farm and non‐farm children and adolescents in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kim Kyungsu , Beach Jeremy , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Yiannakoulias Niko , Svenson Larry , Kim Hyocher , Voaklander Donald C.
Published: July 2018

Background

Understanding of the specific risk of agricultural injury sustained by different populations of children and adolescents is needed for effective safety intervention.

Objective

To compare the rates and patterns of agricultural injury incidence (fatal and non‐fatal injury) between farm and non‐farm children less than 18 years of age in Alberta, Canada.

Methods

A total of 115 378 children (five subgroups: two groups of farm children and three groups of non‐farm children) in Alberta were followed from 1999 to 2010 to examine injury incidence using the linkage of three administrative health databases. A recurrent event survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression was carried out.

Results

A total of 1 849 agricultural injury episodes (1 616 emergency department visits, 225 hospitalizations, and 8 deaths) were identified from 1999 to 2010. The age‐ and gender‐adjusted rate (per 100 000 person years) of agricultural injury was 672.3 for rural‐living farm children, 369.4 for urban‐living farm children, 180.2 for rural non‐First Nations (FN) children, 64.4 for rural FN children, and 23.7 for urban children in descending order.

Conclusion

Specific strategies for different children's populations to prevent agricultural injuries and to extend agricultural injury controls to non‐farming populations are needed.
VCD‐Verstärkung durch chirale Packungseffekte in molekularen Kristallen
Authors: Jähnigen Sascha , Scherrer Arne , Vuilleumier Rodolphe , Sebastiani Daniel
Published: July 2018

Wir zeigen, dass Molekülschwingungen, die für sich genommen ein niedriges bis kein Signal für Schwingungszirkulardichroismus (vibrational circular dichroism, VCD) aufweisen, durch koordinierte Bewegung der Atome Chiralität annehmen. Unsere Ab‐initio‐Molekulardynamiksimulationen des anharmonischen VCD‐Festphasen‐Spektrums von l‐Alaninkristallen offenbaren, wie kollektive Schwingungsmoden die Chiralität der Raumgruppe ausbeuten und so zu nicht‐lokalen, verstärkten VCD‐Signalen führen, insbesondere in der Carbonyl‐Region des Spektrums. Die verstärkten VCD‐Signaturen basieren auf einer helikalen Anordnung von molekularen Oszillatoren in den Kristallebenen. Um die Amplifikation zu erkären, bedarf es keiner Betrachtung struktureller Unregelmäßigkeiten, wohl aber einer akkuraten Beschreibung der Elektronenstruktur zur Berechnung der Ladungspolarisation. Unser Ab‐initio‐Ansatz liefert ein quantitatives, atomistisches Bild von supramolekularem Chiralitätstransfer. Damit erstreckt sich sein Anwendungsfeld über das der molekularen Kristalle hinaus, z. B. zur Beschreibung von VCD in Proteinen und ähnlichen Verbindungen.
Imaging of Enzyme Activity by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Concept and Experiment Using a Paramagnetic Substrate of Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Sanzhaeva Urikhan , Xu Xuan , Guggilapu Priyaankadevi , Tseytlin Mark , Khramtsov Valery V. , Driesschaert Benoit
Published: July 2018

Enzyme activities are well established biomarkers of many pathologies. Imaging enzyme activity directly in vivo may help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of various diseases but remains extremely challenging. In this communication, we report the use of EPR imaging (EPRI) in combination with a specially designed paramagnetic enzymatic substrate to map alkaline phosphatase activity with a high selectivity, thereby demonstrating the potential of EPRI to map enzyme activity.
(P,C) Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes: Highly Active Catalysts for the Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Blons Charlie , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier
Published: July 2018

The first catalytic application of well‐defined (P,C) cyclometalated gold(III) complexes is reported. The bench‐stable bis(trifluoroacetyl) complexes 2 a,b perform very well in the intermolecular hydroarylation of alkynes. The reaction is broad in scope, it proceeds within few hours at 25 °C at catalytic loadings of 0.1–5 mol %. The electron‐rich arene adds across the C≡C bond with complete regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity. The significance of well‐defined gold(III) complexes and ligand design are highlighted in a powerful but challenging catalytic transformation.
A Self‐Digitization Dielectrophoretic (SD‐DEP) Chip for High‐Efficiency Single‐Cell Capture, On‐Demand Compartmentalization, and Downstream Nucleic Acid Analysis
Authors: Qin Yuling , Wu Li , Schneider Thomas , Yen Gloria S. , Wang Jiasi , Xu Shihan , Li Min , Paguirigan Amy L. , Smith Jordan L. , Radich Jerald P. , Anand Robbyn K. , Chiu Daniel T.
Published: July 2018

The design and fabrication of a self‐digitization dielectrophoretic (SD‐DEP) chip with simple components for single‐cell manipulation and downstream nucleic acid analysis is presented. The device employed the traditional DEP and insulator DEP to create the local electric field that is tailored to approximately the size of single cells, enabling highly efficient single‐cell capture. The multistep procedures of cell manipulation, compartmentalization, lysis, and analysis were performed in the integrated microdevice, consuming minimal reagents, minimizing contamination, decreasing lysate dilution, and increasing assay sensitivity. The platform developed here could be a promising and powerful tool in single‐cell research for precise medicine.
Anchoring Ni (II) on Fe3O4@tryptophan: A recyclable, green and extremely efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for one‐pot synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles and chemoselective oxidation of sulfides and thiols
Authors: Moeini Nazanin , Tamoradi Taiebeh , Ghadermazi Mohammad , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash
Published: July 2018

A green, novel and extremely efficient nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized by the immobilization of Ni as a transition metal on Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with tryptophan. This nanostructured material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X‐ray diffraction. The prepared nanocatalyst was applied for the oxidation of sulfides, oxidative coupling of thiols and synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles. The use of non‐toxic, green and inexpensive materials, easy separation of magnetic nanoparticles from a reaction mixture using a magnetic field, efficient and one‐pot synthesis, and high yields of products are the most important advantages of this nanocatalyst.
Oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine to 2,3‐diaminophenazine in the presence of cubic ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) and the application in colorimetric detection of H2O2
Authors: Vetr Fahime , Moradi‐Shoeili Zeinab , Özkar Saim
Published: July 2018

Metal ferrites nanocrystallites, MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) were prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by a combination of physico‐chemical and spectroscopic techniques. MFe2O4 nanoparticles having particle size in the range 10–35 nm were tested as catalysts in the oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) to 2,3–diaminophenazine (DAP) using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant at room temperature. Kinetic data was collected for the catalytic oxidation of OPD to DAP by monitoring the UV–vis absorbance at 415 nm and fit well to the Michaelis–Menten model yielding kinetic parameters Km (Michaelis–Menten constant) and Vmax (maximum rate of reaction). MnFe2O4 nanoparticles provide the highest catalytic activity in the oxidation of OPD to DAP at room temperature. A colorimetric method was developed based on the MnFe2O4/OPD system for the detection of H2O2 in reaction solution. The method has a detection limit of 30 μM for H2O2 and wide linear range.
Synthesis, spectral, structural characterization and biological activity of new palladium(II) complexes containing 3‐acetyl‐8‐methoxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one derived Schiff bases
Authors: Kalaiarasi G. , Aswini G. , Rex Jeya Rajkumar S. , Dharani S. , Lynch Vincent M. , Prabhakaran R.
Published: July 2018

Four different mononuclear palladium(II) complexes of 3‐acetyl‐8‐methoxycoumarin Schiff bases were synthesized and characterized by spectrochemical techniques. Further analysis through X‐ray crystallography confirmed the structures of the complexes. Their interactive ability with Calf Thymus DNA and protein (Bovine Serum Albumin and Human Serum Albumin) were investigated by means of absorption and emission methods. The intercalative mode of binding with DNA was supported by EB displacement studies and viscosity measurements. Configurational changes that occurred in the proteins have been analysed with the help of 3D fluorescence studies. The complexes were shown to have good antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition, antiproliferative activity of the complexes was evaluated on A549 and MCF‐7 cell lines and the complexes were comparatively more active than the standard drug cisplatin. Among the compounds, complex 3 was the most effective against MCF‐7 (IC50 value of 5.20 ± 0.15 μM) and A549 (5.09 ± 0.13 μM) compared with the other complexes 1 (6.48 ± 0.17 μM; 5.98 ± 0.09 μM), 2 (5.53 ± 0.12 μM; 5.85 ± 0.11 μM), 4 (6.73 ± 0.19 μM; 6.63 ± 0.16 μM) and cisplatin (16.79 ± 0.08 μM; 15.10 ± 0.05 μM) respectively. LDH and NO release assays confirmed the cytotoxic potential of the synthesized complexes.
Physical Properties of Candelilla Wax, Monoacylglycerols, and Fully Hydrogenated Oil Oleogels
Authors: da Silva Thais L. T. , Arellano Daniel B. , Martini Silvana
Published: July 2018

Oleogels have been studied in the past decade due to their potential to replace saturated fat in foods. Oleogelators have been mostly studied alone or in binary systems. Sometimes a single oleogelator cannot achieve all the technological properties necessary for a specific food application. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the interaction between candelilla wax (CLX), monoacylglycerols (MAG), and a fully hydrogenated oil (hardfat [HF]) in soybean and high‐oleic sunflower oils and to evaluate their physical properties. The concentration of the total oleogelator was between 5% and 10%, from pure CLX (5%), sample OP, up to many combinations of MAG, HF, and CLX samples O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, and O6. Samples were evaluated according to their microstructure, melting properties, rheological behavior, hardness, oil‐binding capacity (OBC), and thermal stability. Results showed that the addition of MAG and HF to CLX created a softer gel but improved its rheological properties. Changes in the physical properties were related to the various proportions of CLX, MAG, and HF rather than the overall concentration of structuring agents. For example, for a total concentration of 5% of the structuring agent, a decrease in the CLX concentration from 5% to 3% and the addition of HF and MAG resulted in a softer crystalline network. Increasing the overall concentration of oleogelators by increasing the amount of HF and/or MAG and maintaining the concentration of the CLX constant did not improve the hardness of the gel. This study showed that at least 3% of CLX must be added to the system to obtain a semisolid material independently of the amount of MAG and/or HF added.
ADAM15 in Apoptosis Resistance of Synovial Fibroblasts: Converting Fas/CD95 Death Signals Into the Activation of Prosurvival Pathways by Calmodulin Recruitment
Authors: Janczi Tomasz , Böhm Beate B. , Fehrl Yuliya , DeGiacomo Pangrazio , Kinne Raimund W. , Burkhardt Harald
Published: July 2018

Objective

To investigate mechanisms underlying the capability of ADAM15 to transform FasL‐mediated death‐inducing signals into prosurvival activation of Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).

Methods

Caspase 3/7 activity and apoptosis rate were determined in RASFs and ADAM15‐transfected T/C28a4 cells upon Fas/CD95 triggering using enzyme assays and annexin V staining. Phosphorylated Src and FAK were analyzed by immunoblotting. Interactions of ADAM15 and CD95 with calmodulin (CaM), Src, or FAK were analyzed by pull‐downs using CaM–Sepharose and coimmunoprecipitations with specific antibodies. Protein binding assays were performed using recombinant CaM and ADAM15. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate subcellular colocalization of ADAM15, Fas/CD95, and CaM.

Results

The antiapoptotic effect of ADAM15 in FasL‐stimulated cells was demonstrated either by increased apoptosis of cells transfected with an ADAM15 construct lacking the cytoplasmic domain compared to cells transfected with full‐length ADAM15 or by reduced apoptosis resistance of RASFs upon RNA interference silencing of ADAM15. Fas ligation triggered a Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+/calcium release‐activated calcium channel protein 1 (CRAC/Orai1) channel–dependent CaM recruitment to Fas/CD95 and ADAM15 in the cell membrane. Simultaneously, Src associated with CaM was shown to become engaged in the ADAM15 complex also containing cytoplasmic‐bound FAK. Accordingly, Fas ligation in RASFs led to ADAM15‐dependent phosphorylation of Src and FAK, which was associated with increased survival. Pharmacologic interference with either the CaM inhibitor trifluoperazine or the CRAC/Orai inhibitor BTP‐2 simultaneously applied with FasL synergistically enhanced Fas‐mediated apoptosis in RASFs.

Conclusion

ADAM15 provides a scaffold for formation of CaM‐dependent prosurvival signaling complexes upon CRAC/Orai coactivation by FasL‐induced death signals and a potential therapeutic target to break apoptosis resistance in RASFs.
Efficiency consideration of generalized age replacement policy
Authors: Park Minjae , Jung Ki Mun , Kim Jennifer Jae‐Young , Park Dong Ho
Published: July 2018

Under the generalized age replacement policy, the system is replaced either at the predetermined age or upon failure if its corresponding repair time exceeds the threshold, whichever comes first. In this paper, we investigate the optimal choice of the pre‐determined preventive replacement age for a nonwarranted system, which minimizes the expected cost rate during the life cycle of the system from the customer's perspective under certain cost structures. Furthermore, we discuss several properties of such a generalized age replacement policy in comparison with the traditional age replacement policy. An efficiency, which represents the fractional time that the system is on, is defined under the proposed generalized age replacement policy and its monotonicity properties are investigated as well. The main objective of this study is to investigate the advantageous features of the generalized age replacement policy over the traditional age replacement policy with regard to the availability of the repairable system. Assuming that the system deteriorates with age, we illustrate our proposed optimal policies numerically and observe the impact of relevant parameters on the optimal preventive replacement age.
Brandeinwirkung auf Holzbauteile im Prüfofen und bei realen Bränden
Authors: Schmid Joachim , Klippel Michael , Fahrni Reto , Frangi Andrea
Published: July 2018

Brandschutzexperten diskutieren derzeit die Gültigkeit von Brandprüfungen für Holzbauteile. Im Raum steht einerseits die allgemeine Aussage, dass brennbare Bauteile in Prüfungen einer von nicht brennbaren Bauteilen abweichenden thermischen Einwirkung ausgesetzt werden. Andererseits wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die sichere Verwendung von flächigen Holzbauteilen (Massivholzbauteile), z. B. Brettsperrholz, durch Normbrandprüfungen nicht geprüft werden kann, da diese Bauteile die Brandlast erhöhen und somit keine Aussagen im traditionellen Rahmenwerk des Feuerwiderstands getätigt werden können. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede zwischen nicht brennbaren und brennbaren Bauteilen in Normbrandprüfungen auf. Es wird gezeigt, dass die thermische Einwirkung für nicht brennbare und brennbare Bauteile in Normbrandprüfungen gleichwertig ist, auch wenn es sich um – wie im Falle von Brettsperrholz – großflächige Bauteile handelt. Die durch brennbare Bauteile zusätzlich im Brandraum verbrennende Brandlast kann durch Normbrandprüfungen nicht direkt ermittelt werden. Hierfür müssen, falls notwendig, andere Methoden verwendet werden, die zum Teil erst in der Entwicklung stehen. Die durch brennbare raumbildende Tragstrukturen zusätzliche Brandlast führt nicht zu höheren Temperaturen im Brandraum, sondern zu einer veränderten Brandeinwirkung an der Fassade. Diesem Umstand wird im Moment in Bauordnungen durch verschiedene Regeln Rechnung getragen.
Construction of a novel turn‐on–off fluorescence sensor used for highly selective detection of thiamine via its quenching effect on o‐phen‐Zn2+ complex
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Hongyun , Li Hongxi , Pan Shuang , Ran Yalin , Hu Xiaoli
Published: July 2018

In this work, a simple and selective fluorescence sensor approach called ‘turn‐on–off’ for the determination of thiamine (TM) has been developed. As known, the o‐phenanthroline (o‐phen) has inner fluorescence, though when reacted with zinc ions to form the o‐phen–Zn2+ complex the fluorescence intensity was enhanced effectively, while upon addition of TM into the o‐phen–Zn2+ complex solution, the intensity of the system was gently quenched, which was termed the ‘turn‐on–off’ probe. Notably, the method possessed highly selective, sensitive determination for TM with a detection limit of 0.25 μmol L−1 and the reduced fluorescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of TM in the range 0.84–80.0 μmol L−1. Besides, the proposed mechanism was also investigated through exploring the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, this manner was successfully applied into practical samples for TM detection with satisfactory results.
Synthesis, antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic study of 10‐propionyloxy camptothecin in rats
Authors: Zheng Jian , Shao Changmin , Fan Bo , Jing Lijia , Li Siyang , Yan Xiufeng , Wang Yang
Published: July 2018

In the present study, a 10‐position modified of camptothecin, 10‐propionyloxy camptothecin (PCPT) was esterified from 10‐hydroxcamptothecin (HCPT), which could metabolize to HCPT in vivo. PCPT displayed a relatively stronger antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Thereafter a simple, sensitive and rapid HPLC method coupled with a fluorescence detector was developed and validated for the assay of PCPT and its active metabolite HCPT in rat plasma. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity and recovery. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of PCPT in rats after intravenous administration. The results showed that PCPT could be mainly converted to HCPT in plasma with the AUC0‐∞ value of 3.69 ± 4.44 and 311.16 ± 188.81 ng h/mL for PCPT and HCPT, respectively.
A hybrid method for the determination of tubeimoside I in rat plasma after oral administration by LC‐IT‐TOF and UPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Lifang , Yang Xianzhao , Ye Yongan , Tu Pengfei , Wang Jinling
Published: July 2018

Tubeimoside I (Tub) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bolbostemma paniculatum[Maxim]Franquet. A sensitive and validated method was developed to determine Tub in rat plasma. This method combined the qualitative and quantitative advantages from liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid ion trap‐time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC‐DAD‐IT‐TOF‐MS) and a triple quadrupole–linear ion trap mass spectrometer 5500 (Qtrap 5500), owing to the narrow molecular range of Qtrap 5500 relative to the molecular weight of Tub. Initially, ion detection was achieved using negative ionization mode along with full scan on IT‐TOF‐MS. The detected precursor and product ions of Tub with the optimal mass parameters were determined on Qtrap 5500 by an online stepped optimization strategy and operated in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. A simple methanol precipitation was employed with saikosaponin A as internal standard. The method was validated over the range from 20 to 2000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 20 ng/mL for Tub in plasma. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of Tub in rats following oral administration. Moreover, this method has some directive significance for the determination of other drugs whose parent ions exceeding the upper detection limit in Qtrap 5500.
Simultaneous determination of nine analytes related to the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy in diabetic rat cortex and hippocampus by HPLC‐FLD
Authors: Huang Dan , Jiang Qing‐Song , Yang Jun‐Qing , Cui Ting , Wang Nian‐Ru , Du Ting‐Ting , Jiang Xin‐Hui
Published: July 2018

The determination of amino acids and monoamine with actions like neurotransmitters or modulators has become increasingly important for studying the relationship between the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. Here, a high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed to simultaneously determine nine monoamines and amino acids including three excitatory neurotransmitters (aspartate, glutamate, and serotonin), four inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine,γ‐aminobutyric acid, taurine, dopamine), a precursor of 5‐HT (tryptophan) and methionine using homoserine as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a BDS column with methanol‐buffer solution of 35 mmol/L sodium acetate and 5 mmol/L citric acid (pH 6.0) using a simple gradient elution. Several parameters including specificity, precision, and recovery were validated after optimization of the analytical conditions. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the cortex and the hippocampus samples from Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results showed that various neurotransmitters involved in diabetes mellitus may tend to be differentially modulated and present a different alteration tendency at different time course, which might be associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
Between norms and practice: Civil society perspectives on the legitimacy of multistakeholder initiatives to eliminate child labor
Authors: Boersma Martijn
Published: July 2018

Child labor in global supply chains is increasingly addressed through multistakeholder initiatives. However, the participation of stakeholders with distinct views and interests can generate tensions. Based on interviews with civil society actors, this research finds that tensions exist between the normative‐ethical and political‐strategic dimensions of multistakeholder initiatives, which are manifest in the existence of international and national norms and their contextual application, in definitions of child labor, risk and responsibility, and in doubts about corporate incentives to join multistakeholder initiatives. In addition, tensions exist concerning the effectiveness of supply chain auditing, enabling broader labor rights as a means to remediate child labor, and whether standards need to be mandatory or self‐regulation suffices. The success of collaboration depends on the effective navigation of these tensions. Failure to do so can undermine the legitimacy of multistakeholder initiatives from the perspective of civil society actors. The research finds that due diligence, in the shape of human rights risk assessments, is not subject to normative‐ethical/political‐strategic tensions, and can play a key role in the success of multistakeholder initiatives and the fight against child labor.