bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed semi‐cooperative filter for a nonlinear multi‐agent system with heterogeneous and homologous unknown inputs
Authors: Liu Changqing , Xu Yuan , Li Juan , Tuo Jianyong
Published: July 2020

In this study, the simultaneous estimation of the states and unknown inputs for a nonlinear multi‐agent system with homologous and heterogeneous unknown inputs is performed. The decentralized sub‐filter is used to estimate the states and heterogeneous unknown inputs, whereas the distributed sub‐filter is used to estimate the homologous unknown inputs. The extended Kalman filter is used to solve the estimation problem for nonlinear systems. Compared with previous studies, the distributed solution is improved to relax the existence of the homologous unknown input sub‐filter. Moreover, the updating method of the residual generator is improved to relax the heterogeneous unknown input sub‐filter. The practical problem of estimating the state of charge and temperature of the battery pack is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed filter.
Luminescence Regulation of Silver‐Thiolate Clusters Protected by 1,2‐Dithiolate‐o‐carborane
Authors: Liu Li‐Juan , Mak Thomas C. W. , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: July 2020

Main observation and conclusion

Engineering the surface of the metal clusters with the core structure maintained and tuning their luminescence in a wide range is still a challenge in the nanomaterial research. We modified six mono‐pyridyl ligands with different electronic effects (conjugation effect or induction effect) on a superatomic silver cluster [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)8] (denoted as Ag14) through in situ site‐specific surface engineering, and obtained the corresponding clusters [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)6(L1/L2)2] (denoted as NC‐1, 2, L1/L2 = 4‐acetylpyridine/ 4‐carboxypyridine) and [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(L3/L4/L5/L6)8] (denoted as NC‐3, 4, 5, 6, L3/L4/L5/L6 = 4‐phenylpyridine/4‐(1‐naphthyl)pyridine/9‐(4‐pyridine)anthracene/9‐(4‐pyridine)pyrene). Through the modification of the Ag14 cluster, a wide‐range luminescence from blue to red was realized. This work might provide a practical guide for improving the emission performance of metal clusters via surface engineering.
A Cross‐Linkable Electron‐Transport Layer Based on a Fullerene−Benzoxazine Derivative for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Vittala Sandeepa Kulala , Ravi Remya , Deb Biswapriya , Joseph Joshy
Published: July 2020

The synthesis, optoelectronic characterization and device properties of a cross‐linkable fullerene derivative, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric benzoxazine ester (PCBB) is reported. PCBB shows all the basic photophysical and electrochemical properties of the parent compound [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric methyl ester (PCBM). Thermal cross‐linking of the benzoxazine moiety in PCBB resulted in the formation of cross‐linked, solvent resistive adhesive films (C−PCBB). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopic studies showed dramatic reduction in the roughness and aggregation behaviour of P3HT‐PCBM polymer blend film upon incorporation of C−PCBB interlayer. An inverted bulk heterojunction solar cell based on the configuration ITO/ZnO/C−PCBB/P3HT‐PCBM/V2O5/Ag achieved 4.27 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the reference device ITO/ZnO/P3HT‐PCBM/V2O5/Ag (PCE=3.28 %). This 25 % increase in the efficiency is due to the positive effects of C‐PCBB on P3HT/C‐PCBB and PCBM/C‐PCBB heterojunctions.
A three‐phase inverter circuit using half‐bridge cells and T‐NPC for medium‐voltage applications
Authors: Tirupathi Abhilash , Annamalai Kirubakaran , Veeramraju Tirumala Somasekhar
Published: July 2020

Three‐phase single DC‐source based multilevel inverter topologies play a pivotal role in industrial applications due to the reduced number of components and higher efficiency. This paper emphasizes the inverter for medium‐voltage applications that employ a conventional three‐phase T‐type structure (T‐NPC). The primary circuit of the proposed configuration consists of a T‐NPC structure connected to the half‐bridge cells at the top and the bottom sides of each phase. The secondary circuit consists of DC‐link capacitors whose voltage balancing is attained through a separate voltage balancing circuit (VBC). Using the proposed configuration, the number of components and independent DC supplies are reduced compared with the conventional topologies such as a neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, a flying capacitor (FC) inverter, and a cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter for the same number of output voltage levels. Hence, the proposed topology results in the reduction of weight, volume, and power losses of the inverter. A sine‐triangle comparison method is employed in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform to generate the firing pulses of the circuit switches. The effectiveness of the proposed topology is verified with simulation studies and is experimentally validated with a scaled‐down prototype.
The moderating role of socioeconomic status on level of responsibility, executive functioning, and cortical thinning during adolescence
Authors: Picci Giorgia , Rose Emma J. , VanMeter John W. , Fishbein Diana H.
Published: July 2020

Brain development is exquisitely sensitive to psychosocial experiences, with implications for neurodevelopmental trajectories, for better or worse. The premise of this investigation was that the level of responsibility in adolescence may relate to brain structure and higher‐order cognitive functions. In a sample of 108 adolescents, we focused on cortical thickness (using FreeSurfer) as an indicator of neurodevelopment in regions previously implicated in executive functioning (EF) and examined performance on an EF task outside of the scanner, in the context of level of responsibility. We further investigated whether socioeconomic status (SES) and family stress moderated the relationship between responsibility and brain structure or EF. Findings revealed that greater responsibility was related to thinner left precuneus and right middle frontal cortex. In lower SES adolescents, greater responsibility predicted thinner left precuneus and right middle frontal cortex, which have been consistently implicated in EF. Higher SES adolescents did not show structural differences related to responsibility, however, they did exhibit better EF performance. It may be that circumstances surrounding the need for greater responsibility in lower SES households are detrimental to neurodevelopment compared to higher SES households. Alternatively, responsibility may act as a protective factor that bolsters cortical thinning in regions related to EF.
Finding the proverbial needle: Non‐targeted screening of synthetic opioids in equine plasma
Authors: Klingberg Joshua , Cawley Adam , Shimmon Ronald , Fouracre Chris , Pasin Daniel , Fu Shanlin
Published: July 2020

Synthetic opioids are a class of compounds that are of particular concern due to their high potency and potential health impacts. With the relentless emergence of new synthetic opioid derivatives, non‐targeted screening strategies are required that do not rely on the use of library spectra or reference materials. In this study, product ion searching, and Kendrick mass defect analysis were investigated for non‐targeted screening of synthetic opioids. The estimated screening cut‐offs for these techniques ranged between 0.05 and 0.1 ng/mL. These techniques were designed to not be reliant on a particular vendor's software, meaning that they can be applied to existing drug screening protocols, without requiring the development and validation of new analytical procedures. The efficacy of the developed techniques was tested through blind trials, with spiked samples inserted amongst authentic plasma samples, which demonstrated the usefulness of these methods for high‐throughput screening. The use of a non‐targeted screening workflow that contains complementary techniques can increase the likelihood of detecting compounds of interest within a sample, as well as the confidence in detections that are made.
Perspective on High‐Energy Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Dou Qingyun , Park Ho Seok
Published: July 2020

Supercapacitors based on carbon materials have advantages such as high power density, fast charging/discharging capability, and long lifetime stability, playing a vital role in the field of electrochemical energy storage technologies. To further expand the practical applications of carbon‐based supercapacitors, their energy density, which is essentially determined by the specific capacitance and operating voltage, should be improved. This review provides fundamental knowledge on achieving high energy density of supercapacitors. We first address the relationship of the features of carbon materials, such as the surface area, pore size distribution, and surface functional groups, with their electrochemical performances, such as the gravimetric and volumetric capacitance, surface pseudocapacitance, and operating voltage. Then, we discuss the properties of electrolytes from non‐aqueous and aqueous to hybrid one from the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, and present their effects on capacitance and operating voltage. Finally, we illustrate different cell design strategies and their basic principles for increasing operating voltage. We also highlight the recent advances related to these fields and provide our insight into high‐energy supercapacitors.
Association between glycated haemoglobin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the TECOS randomized clinical trial
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Zheng Yinggan , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Buse John B. , Standl Eberhard , McGuire Darren K. , Van de Werf Frans , Green Jennifer B. , Armstrong Paul W. , Holman Rury R. ,   TECOS Study Group
Published: July 2020

Aims

Whether glycaemic control is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. Consequently, we assessed the relationship between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cardiovascular outcomes in a placebo‐controlled randomized trial which demonstrated no cardiovascular effect of sitagliptin in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Methods and results

Secondary analysis of 14 656 TECOS participants with time to event analyses using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median 3.0 (interquartile range 2.3–3.8) year follow‐up, 456 (3.1% of 14 656) patients had first hospitalization for heart failure (HF), 1084 (11.5%) died, 1406 (9.6%) died or were hospitalized for HF, and 1689 (11.5%) had a non‐HF cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline or time‐varying HbA1c and cardiovascular outcomes were U‐shaped, with the lowest risk when HbA1c was around 7%. Each one‐unit increase in the time‐varying HbA1c above 7% was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.33] for first HF hospitalization, 1.11 (1.03–1.21) for all‐cause death, 1.18 (1.09–1.26) for death or HF hospitalization, and 1.10 (1.02–1.17) for non‐HF cardiovascular events. Each one‐unit decrease in the time‐varying HbA1c below 7% was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.64) for first HF hospitalization, 1.37 (1.16–1.61) for death, 1.42 (1.23–1.64) for death or HF hospitalization, and 1.22 (1.06–1.41) for non‐HF cardiovascular events.

Conclusion

Glycated haemogobin exhibits a U‐shaped association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic vascular disease, with nadir around 7%.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00790205.
Crystallinity Variation in Seeded Growth of Gold@Silver Core‐Shell Nanocrystals: Truncated Right Bipyramids and Their Hollow Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Gongguo , Fu Xiaowei , Luan Xiaoqian , Zhai Xiurong , Qu Fengli , Zheng Yiqun
Published: July 2020

We report the seeded growth of gold@silver (Au@Ag) core‐shell nanocrystals with the shape of truncated right bipyramids (TRB) and their hollow derivatives obtained via a galvanic replacement reaction. In particular, by depositing Ag on single‐crystal Au seeds under kinetic control, the resultant Au@Ag core‐shell products exhibit planar defects. Morphology and structure characterization is performed to confirm the crystallinity variation and the resultant TRB shape. Considering that elemental Au and Ag have similar lattice constants and negligible lattice mismatch, this phenomenon is quite unique, as the crystallinity of product is typically governed by the seed. The size of final product can be controlled in the range of 37–85 nm by varying the volume of the Au seed solution. In addition, by reacting with gold precursor, the as‐prepared Au@Ag TRBs can be converted into Au‐based nanostructures with hollow interiors, showing absorbance properties continuously tuned in the visible range, which could find important use in photocatalysis, sensing, and fluorescence enhancement, among others.
Versatile Coordination Modes of 2,6‐Bis(2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)pyridine in Cu(I) and Au(I) Complexes
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Mague Joel T. , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: July 2020

Synthesis, and copper(I) and gold(I) complexes of imidazole‐based bisphosphine, [2,6‐(PPh2C3H2N2)2C5H3N] are described. Reactions of [2,6‐(PPh2C3H2N2)2C5H3N] with one equivalent of CuX (X = Cl, Br or I) yielded either monomeric [{2,6‐{PPh2C3H2N2}2C5H3N}{CuI}], dimeric [{PPh2C3H2N2}2C5H3N}{CuCl}]2, or one‐dimensional (1D) polymeric [{2,6‐(PPh2‐C3H2N2)2C5H3N}{Cu3Br2}]nCl complexes. Coordination polymer [{2,6‐(PPh2C3H2N2)2C5H3N}{Cu3Br2}]nCl is a rare example containing alternately arranged copper atoms having tetrahedral and linear geometries. The repeating unit consists of imidazolyl nitrogen atoms from two ligands bind to a copper atom in a linear fashion, whereas two phosphorus atoms from the same ligand are chelated to a tetrahedral copper atom, thus ligand displaying tetradentate behavior. Treatment of bisphosphine with two equivalents of [AuCl(SMe2)] yielded digold complex [2,6‐(PPh2C3H2N2)2C5H3N{AuCl}2]. The structures of most of these compounds were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. These complexes show good photoluminescence properties as well.
Spinal manipulation for the management of cervicogenic headache: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fernandez Matthew , Moore Craig , Tan Jinghan , Lian Derrick , Nguyen Jeremy , Bacon Andrew , Christie Brie , Shen Isabella , Waldie Thomas , Simonet Danielle , Bussières André
Published: July 2020

Background

Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is frequently used to manage cervicogenic headache (CGHA). No meta‐analysis has investigated the effectiveness of SMT exclusively for CGHA.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of SMT for CGHA.

Databases and Data Treatment

Five databases identified randomized controlled trials comparing SMT with other manual therapies. The PEDro scale assessed the risk‐of‐bias. Pain and disability data were extracted and converted to a common scale. A random effects model was used for several follow‐up periods. GRADE described the quality of evidence.

Results

Seven trials were eligible. At short‐term follow‐up, there was a significant, small effect favouring SMT for pain intensity (mean difference [MD] −10.88 [95% CI, −17.94, −3.82]) and small effects for pain frequency (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.35 [95% CI, −0.66, −0.04]). There was no effect for pain duration (SMD − 0.08 [95% CI, −0.47, 0.32]). There was a significant, small effect favouring SMT for disability (MD − 13.31 [95% CI, −18.07, −8.56]). At intermediate follow‐up, there was no significant effects for pain intensity (MD − 9.77 [−24.21 to 4.68]) and a significant, small effect favouring SMT for pain frequency (SMD − 0.32 [−0.63 to − 0.00]). At long‐term follow‐up, there was no significant effects for pain intensity (MD − 0.76 [−5.89 to 4.37]) and for pain frequency (SMD − 0.37 [−0.84 to 0.10]).

Conclusion

For CGHA, SMT provides small, superior short‐term benefits for pain intensity, frequency and disability, but not pain duration, however, high‐quality evidence in this field is lacking. The long‐term impact is not significant.

Significance

CGHA are a common headache disorder. SMT can be considered an effective treatment modality, with this review suggesting it providing superior, small, short‐term effects for pain intensity, frequency and disability when compared with other manual therapies. These findings may help clinicians in practice better understand the treatment effects of SMT alone for CGHA.
Secure transmission via random quadrature spatial modulation
Authors: Qi Xuanzhe , Luo Junshan , Wang Hao , Wang Shilian
Published: July 2020

In this article, we propose a random quadrature spatial modulation (RQSM) scheme to achieve secure transmission in multiple‐input multiple‐output multiantenna eavesdropper channels. We consider the case in which the eavesdropper has more antennas than that of the legitimate receiver, leading to a strong wiretap channel. In this case, the conventional secure quadrature spatial modulation schemes based on the artificially interfering signals are vulnerable to eavesdropping. On the contrary, the proposed RQSM scheme is able to achieve the physical‐layer security without transmitting artificial noises. Specifically, the bits‐to‐symbol mapping of the proposed RQSM is randomized according to the instantaneous channel state information of the legitimate link. Since in a rich scattering environment, the legitimate and the wiretap channels are generally independent of each other due to the spatial decorrelation property. Thus, the eavesdropper can be considered ignorant of the legitimate channel and cannot decode the confidential messages correctly. We derive the ergodic secrecy rate of the proposed RQSM scheme and show that the secrecy performance does not degrade as the number of antennas at the eavesdropper increases, which also outperforms the conventional jamming strategies. In addition, the bit error rate of the RQSM is also analyzed, which shows that security is achieved without sacrificing the system's reliability. Numerical results validate the theoretical derivations and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RQSM scheme.
Employing bioactive compounds derived from Ipomoea obscura (L.) to evaluate potential inhibitor for SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease and ACE2 protein
Authors: Poochi Saravana Prabha , Easwaran Murugesh , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Anbuselvam Mohan , Meyyazhagan Arun , Park Sungkwon , Bhotla Haripriya Kuchi , Anbuselvam Jeeva , Arumugam Vijaya Anand , Keshavarao Sasikala , Kanniyappan Gopalakrishnan Velliyur , Pappusamy Manikantan , Kaul Tanushri
Published: July 2020

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and main protease (MPro) are significant target proteins, mainly involved in the attachment of viral genome to host cells and aid in replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronaviruses or SARS‐CoV genome. In the present study, we identified 11 potent bioactive compounds from ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea obscura (L.) by using GC‐MS analysis. These potential bioactive compounds were considered for molecular docking studies against ACE2 and MPro target proteins to determine the antiviral effects against SARS‐COV. Results exhibits that among 11 compounds from I. obscura (L.), urso‐deoxycholic acid, demeclocycline, tetracycline, chlorotetracycline, and ethyl iso‐allocholate had potential viral inhibitory activity. Hence, the present findings suggested that chemical constitution present in I. obscura (L.) will address inhibition of corona viral replication in host cells.
Multimodal single‐cell analysis reveals distinct radioresistant stem‐like and progenitor cell populations in murine glioma
Authors: Alexander Jes , LaPlant Quincey C. , Pattwell Siobhan S. , Szulzewsky Frank , Cimino Patrick J. , Caruso Francesca P. , Pugliese Pietro , Chen Zhihong , Chardon Florence , Hill Andrew J. , Spurrell Cailyn , Ahrendsen Dakota , Pietras Alexander , Starita Lea M. , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Iavarone Antonio , Shendure Jay , Holland Eric C.
Published: July 2020

Radiation therapy is part of the standard of care for gliomas and kills a subset of tumor cells, while also altering the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells with stem‐like properties preferentially survive radiation and give rise to glioma recurrence. Various techniques for enriching and quantifying cells with stem‐like properties have been used, including the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)‐based side population (SP) assay, which is a functional assay that enriches for stem‐like tumor cells. In these analyses, mouse models of glioma have been used to understand the biology of this disease and therapeutic responses, including the radiation response. We present combined SP analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing of genetically‐engineered mouse models of glioma to show a time course of cellular response to radiation. We identify and characterize two distinct tumor cell populations that are inherently radioresistant and also distinct effects of radiation on immune cell populations within the tumor microenvironment.
Evaluation of natural growth rate and recommended age for shaving procedure by volumetric analysis of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Jung Jae Hoon , Park Sun‐June , Lim So Young
Published: July 2020

Background

We evaluated the preoperative natural growth pattern of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and postoperative volume changes in patients undergoing shaving procedures.

Methods

Thirty‐three patients who underwent serial computed tomography (CT) preoperatively and/or postoperatively were identified. The natural tumor growth rate was assessed using preoperative CT scans. The postoperative tumor regrowth rates and relevant variables were analyzed.

Results

The preoperative tumor growth rates were significantly lower in patients aged ≥ 16 years than in those aged < 16 years (P < .001). The postoperative tumor regrowth rates were significantly greater when a shaving operation was performed at age < 16 years than at age ≥ 16 years (P = .04). In patients with clinical recurrence, the postoperative remnant tumor volume was inversely correlated with the tumor regrowth rate.

Conclusions

The tumor growth rate of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia significantly decreased after age 16. This should be considered when conducting functional and aesthetic assessments in planning for the shaving of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.
Transformational leadership and human resource development: Linking employee learning, job satisfaction, and organizational performance
Authors: Akdere Mesut , Egan Toby
Published: July 2020

This large‐scale study (n = 5,349) explores a long‐standing, but rarely validated value chain. Since the inception of human resource development (HRD), the intersection between top organizational leadership, HRD, and organizational performance outcomes has been emphasized by scholars and practitioners. Leadership has been highlighted as the key catalyst both in encouraging employee learning and performance and in formulating an HRD supportive culture toward key organizational outcomes. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies that have focused on the intersection of leadership, HRD, and organizational performance, and virtually no studies have systematically investigated specific leadership practices, such as transformational leadership (TL). We explore the intersection between TL, HRD, and organizational performance by engaging 3,474 employees and 1,875 customers from 69 healthcare locations in the United States. Ideally, transformational leaders encourage followers to enrich their knowledge, skills, and abilities in order to increase individual and shared learning to advance organizational performance. A major organizational support function toward such employee development is HRD and its core domains—learning and performance. Those organizations fostering excellence in learning and performance have been identified as having strong organizational HRD cultures. The study reported herein supported that TL behaviors aligned to support HRD culture through leader support of employee learning and performance in the US healthcare context. Organizational HRD culture was found to align with key positive employee and customer‐reported performance outcomes. Implications for leadership and HRD research, theory, and practice are explicated.
Investigation of the elevation of saltwater wedge due to subsurface dams
Authors: Chang Qinpeng , Zheng Tianyuan , Chen Youyuan , Zheng Xilai , Walther Marc
Published: July 2020

Subsurface dams are rather effective and used for the prevention of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions around the world. We carried out the laboratory experiments to investigate the elevation of saltwater wedge after the construction of subsurface dams. The elevation of saltwater wedge refers to the upward movement of the downstream saltwater wedge because the subsurface dams obstruct the regional groundwater flow and reduce the freshwater discharge. Consequently, the saltwater wedge cannot further extend in the longitudinal direction but rises in the vertical profile resulting in significant downstream aquifer salinization. In order to quantitatively address this issue, field‐scale numerical simulations were conducted to explore the influence of various dam heights, distances, and hydraulic gradients on the elevation of saltwater wedge. Our investigation shows that the upward movement of the saltwater wedge and its areal extension in the vertical domain of the downstream aquifer become more severe with a higher dam and performed a great dependence on the freshwater discharge. Furthermore, the increase of the hydraulic gradient and the dam distance from the sea boundary leads to a more pronounced wedge elevation. This phenomenon comes from the variation of the freshwater discharge due to the modification of dam height, location, and hydraulic gradient. Large freshwater discharge can generate greater repulsive force to restrain the elevation of saltwater wedge. These conclusions provide theoretical references for the behaviour of the freshwater–seawater interface after the construction of subsurface dams and help optimize the design strategy to better utilize the coastal groundwater resources.
Frequency and diagnostic outcome of bilateral recall at screening mammography
Authors: Lameijer Joost R. C. , Nederend Joost , Voogd Adri C. , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Duijm Lucien E. M.
Published: July 2020

Our study was performed to determine the frequency of recall for bilateral breast lesions at screening mammography and compare its outcome with respect to unilateral recall. We included 329 132 screening mammograms (34 889 initial screens and 294 243 subsequent screens) from a Dutch screening mammography program between January 2013 and January 2018. During a 2‐year follow‐up, we collected radiological data, pathology reports and surgical reports of all recalled women. At bilateral recall, the lesion with the highest Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score was used as the index lesion when comparing screening mammography characteristics at bilateral vs unilateral recall. A total of 9806 women were recalled at screening (recall rate, 3.0%). Bilateral recall comprised 2.8% (271/9806) of all recalls. Biopsy was more frequently performed after bilateral recall than unilateral recall (54.6% [148/271] vs 44.1% [4201/9535], P < .001), yielding a lower positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsy after bilateral recall (42.6% vs 51.7%, P = .029). The PPV of recall was comparable for both groups (23.2% [63/271] vs 22.8% [2173/9535], P = .85). Invasive cancers after bilateral recall were larger than those diagnosed after unilateral recall (P = .02), but histological subtype, histologic grading, receptor status and proportions of lymph node positive cancers were comparable. Bilateral recall infrequently occurs at screening mammography. Biopsy is more frequently performed following bilateral recall, but the PPV of recall is similar for unilateral and bilateral recall. Invasive cancers of both groups show comparable pathological features except of a larger tumor size after bilateral recall.
In‐network caching based NBA‐traffic offloading mechanism: A D2D communication mode
Authors: Wang Youyang
Published: July 2020

This letter studies the NBA (National Basketball Association)‐traffic offload mechanism based on in‐network caching and D2D (Device‐to‐Device) communication mode, where the router is enabled with the caching ability and the information exchange is based on the direct communication between two D2D groups. Meanwhile, the DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) is used to do segmentation for the NBA‐video, which can guarantee that all segments have the same size in order to improve the caching efficiency; the clustering analysis based on maximal tree is adopted to divided into some users into several different D2D groups. Furthermore, for each D2D group, the forwarding ability is quantified based on degree centrality and available bandwidth, and it is used to select the group head. The experimental results show that the proposed novel NBA‐traffic offloading mechanism is feasible and efficient.
Deoxyshikonin inhibits cisplatin resistance of non–small‐cell lung cancer cells by repressing Akt‐mediated ABCB1 expression and function
Authors: Zhang Suhong , Wang Yi
Published: July 2020

Drug resistance is a large challenge for the treatment of non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Deoxyshikonin is the naphthoquinol compound with anticancer activity. However, the role and mechanism of deoxyshikonin in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC remain poorly understood. Cell viability was assessed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and caspase‐3 activity. We found that cisplatin‐resistant A549/cis and H1299/cis cells had higher cisplatin resistance than A549 and H1299 cells, respectively. Deoxyshikonin contributed to cisplatin‐induced viability inhibition and apoptosis in A549/cis and H1299/cis cells. Moreover, deoxyshikonin inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and the expression and function of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). Activation of protein kinase B (Akt) pathway attenuated the effect of deoxyshikonin on cisplatin resistance and ABCB1 expression and function in A549/cis and H1299/cis cells. In conclusion, deoxyshikonin suppressed cisplatin resistance in cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC cells by repressing Akt signaling‐mediated ABCB1 expression.
Use of dual lumen ports for red blood cell exchange: A comparison of adults and children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Su Leon , Nizzi Frank , Jamshidi Ramin , Gomez Esteban , Perumbeti Ajay , Mirea Lucia , Shah Sanjay
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Sickle cell patients receiving chronic RBC exchange require a form of long‐term central venous access if peripheral access is inadequate. In adults, dual lumen (DL) ports have been utilized but associated with greater procedure complications and duration when compared to other forms of access. In the pediatric sickle cell population, the use of DL ports for RBC exchange has not been well described. In this retrospective cohort study, RBC exchange procedures utilizing DL ports in the pediatric vs adult sickle cell population were compared.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for 685 RBC exchange procedures performed on 25 patients (11 pediatric and 14 adult) between November 2014 to November 2018. Patient‐level characteristics and outcomes were compared between pediatric and adult patients using the Fisher‐exact and Wilcoxon‐rank sum test. Linear/logistic regression models examined procedure‐level parameters and port characteristics with adjustment for clustering.

Results

Compared to adults, pediatric patients had slower average maximum inlet speed (42 vs 53 mL/min, P < .01), but shorter procedure time (60 vs 75 minutes, P < .01) and lower rate of access alarms (1% vs 11%, P < .01). Overall, 0.29 thrombotic events per 1000 port days and 0.04 infections per 1000 port days were observed.

Conclusion

For adult and pediatric sickle cell patients, a DL port provides a viable option for RBC exchange. In comparison to adults, pediatric procedures with a DL port will typically be shorter and with less procedural complications due to smaller blood volumes and lower flow requirements.
4‐Hydroxy‐2‐nonenal attenuates 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 activity
Authors: Pan Guodong , Deshpande Mandar , Pang Haiyan , Stemmer Paul M. , Carruthers Nicholas J. , Shearn Colin T. , Backos Donald S. , Palaniyandi Suresh S.
Published: July 2020

Elevated cellular oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage are key contributors to impaired cardiac function in diabetes. During chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced lipid peroxidation results in the formation of reactive aldehydes, foremost of which is 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4HNE). 4HNE forms covalent adducts with proteins, negatively impacting cellular protein function. During conditions of elevated oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage such as modification by 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is repaired by 8‐oxoguanine glycosylase‐1 (OGG‐1). Based on these facts, we hypothesized that 4HNE forms adducts with OGG‐1 inhibiting its activity, and thus, increases the levels of 8OHG in diabetic heart tissues. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated OGG‐1 activity, 8OHG and 4HNE in the hearts of leptin receptor deficient db/db mice, a type‐2 diabetic model. We also treated the recombinant OGG‐1 with 4HNE to measure direct adduction. We found decreased OGG‐1 activity (P > .05), increased 8OHG (P > .05) and increased 4HNE adducts (P > .05) along with low aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 activity (P > .05). The increased colocalization of OGG‐1 and 4HNE in cardiomyocytes suggest 4HNE adduction on OGG‐1. Furthermore, colocalization of 8OHG and OGG‐1 with mitochondrial markers TOM 20 and aconitase, respectively, indicated significant levels of oxidatively‐induced mtDNA damage and implicated a role for mitochondrial OGG‐1 function. In vitro exposure of recombinant OGG‐1 (rOGG‐1) with increasing concentrations of 4HNE resulted in a concentration‐dependent decrease in OGG‐1 activity. Mass spectral analysis of trypsin digests of 4HNE‐treated rOGG‐1 identified 4HNE adducts on C28, C75, C163, H179, H237, C241, K249, H270, and H282. In silico molecular modeling of 4HNE‐K249 OGG‐1 and 4HNE‐H270 OGG‐1 mechanistically supported 4HNE‐mediated enzymatic inhibition of OGG‐1. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that inhibition of OGG‐1 by direct modification by 4HNE contributes to decreased OGG‐1 activity and increased 8OHG‐modified DNA that are present in the diabetic heart.
Peptidyl inhibition of Spt4‐Spt5: Protein‐protein inhibitors for targeting the transcriptional pathway related to C9orf72 expansion repeats
Authors: Rayevsky Alexey , Platonov Maxim , Hurmach Vasyl , Yakovenko Anastasia , Volochnyuk Dmitriy
Published: July 2020

Spt4/Spt5 is an useful target as it is likely a transcription factor that has implications for long non‐coding RNA repeats related to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) found in the C9orf72 disease pathology. Inhibitors for Spt4/Spt5 using peptides as a starting point for assays as a means for developing small molecules, which could likely lead to therapeutic development for inhibition for Spt4/Spt5 with CNS characteristics. To elucidate the specific steps of identification and modification of key interacting residues from Spt4/Spt5 complex with further effect prediction, a set of different computational methods was applied. Newly characterized, theoretically derived peptides docked on Spt4/Spt5 models, based on X‐ray crystallography sources, allowed us to complete molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies for peptide libraries that give us high confident set of peptides for use to screen for Spt4/Spt5 inhibition. Several peptides with increased specificity to the Spt4/Spt5 interface were found and can be screened in cell‐based assays and enzymatic assays for peptide screens that lead to small molecule campaigns. Spt4/Spt5 comprises an attractive target for neurological diseases, and applying these peptides into a screening campaign will promote the goal of therapeutic searches for FTD drug discovery.
Halogenation and anomerization of glycopyranoside by TESH/bromine and BHQ/bromine
Authors: Xu Lai , Luo Chin‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Sheng
Published: July 2020

Treatment of peracetylated glycosides and β‐isopropyl glycosides with halogen in the presence of TESH and BHQ has been found to result in the halogenation and the anomerization, respectively. Peracetylatedglycosides treaded with I2/TESH or Br2/TESH leading tothe formation of corresponding glycosyl halides, and b‐isopropyl glycosidesreacted with Br2/BHQ resulting in the formation of a‐glycosides. The anomerizationof glycosidic bond was considered to be catalyzed by in situ formation of hydrogenbromide from the mixing of Br2/BHQ.
High percentage of smudge cells in a patient with COVID19: Rediscovering their utility
Authors: Jerez Joaquín , Ernst Daniel M.
Published: July 2020

We present a patient with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an unexpected presence of lymphocytosis. Examination of blood film revealed mature small lymphocytes associated with high percentage of smudge cells (63%). A peripheral flow cyometry evidenced a CD5 negative CLL. A high percentage of smudge cells is associated with CLL diagnosis and has an important prognostic value: better survival and prolonged time to first treatment. It is a useful index in developing countries with low access to molecular testing.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of published cases reveals the natural disease history in multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Schlotawa Lars , Preiskorn Joana , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca , Schiller Stina , Adang Laura A. , Gärtner Jutta , Friede Tim
Published: July 2020

Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency (MSD, MIM#272200) is an ultra‐rare lysosomal storage disorder arising from mutations in the SUMF1 gene, which encodes the formylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is necessary for the activation of sulfatases, a family of enzymes that are involved in the degradation of sulfated substrates such as glycosaminoglycans and sulfolipids. SUMF1 mutations lead to functionally impaired FGE and individuals with MSD demonstrate clinical signs of single sulfatase deficiencies, including metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and several mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) subtypes. Comprehensive information related to the natural history of MSD is missing. We completed a systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis on data from published cases reporting on MSD. As available from these reports, we extracted clinical, genetic, biochemical, and brain imaging information. We identified 75 publications with data on 143 MSD patients with a total of 53 unique SUMF1 mutations. The mean survival was 13 years (95% CI 9.8‐16.2 years). Seventy‐five clinical signs and 11 key clusters of signs were identified. The most frequently affected organs systems were the nervous, skeletal, and integumentary systems. The most frequent MRI features were abnormal myelination and cerebral atrophy. Individuals with later onset MSD signs and survived longer than those with signs at birth. Less severe mutations, low disease burden and achievement of independent walking positively correlated with longer survival. Despite the limitations of our approach, we were able to define clinical characteristics and disease outcomes in MSD. This work will provide the foundation of natural disease history data needed for future clinical trial design.
Relational Strategies for Teaching Multicultural Courses in Counselor Education
Authors: Dorn‐Medeiros Cort M. , Christensen Jeffrey K. , Lértora Ian M. , Croffie Alexis L.
Published: July 2020

Multicultural courses pose several challenges for counselor educators. This article presents a rationale for using a relational approach to teaching multicultural courses and includes 3 classroom activities based in relational pedagogy and relational‐cultural theory. By using a relational approach, counselor educators can encourage students to become more engaged, more self‐motivated, and more willing to take risks in the pursuit of learning inclusive, competent, and culturally aware counseling practice.

Los cursos multiculturales presentan varios retos para los educadores de consejeros. Este artículo presenta un razonamiento para el uso de un enfoque relacional en la enseñanza de cursos multiculturales e incluye 3 actividades para el aula basadas en la pedagogía relacional y la teoría relacional‐cultural. Mediante el uso de un enfoque relacional, los educadores de consejeros pueden animar a sus estudiantes a estar más involucrados, motivados y dispuestos a asumir riesgos en su esfuerzo por aprender una práctica de la consejería que sea culturalmente inclusiva, competente y consciente.
Ontogeny and potential function of poacher armor (Actinopterygii: Agonidae)
Authors: Kruppert Sebastian , Chu Fabien , Stewart Morgan C. , Schmitz Lars , Summers Adam P.
Published: July 2020

Many vertebrates are armored over all or part of their body. The armor may serve several functional roles including defense, offense, visual display, and signal of experience/capability. Different roles imply different tradeoffs; for example, defensive armor usually trades resistance to attack for maneuverability. The poachers (Agonidae), 47 species of scorpaeniform fishes, are a useful system for understanding the evolution and function of armor due to their variety and extent of armoring. Using publically available CT‐scan data from 27 species in 16 of 21 genera of poachers we compared the armor to axial skeletal in the mid body region. The ratio of average armor density to average skeleton density ranged from 0.77 to 1.17. From a defensive point of view, the total investment in mineralization (volume * average density) is more interesting. There was 10 times the material invested in the armor as in the endoskeleton in some small, smooth plated species, likeAspidophoroides olrikii. At the low end, some visually arresting species likePercis japonica, had ratios as low as 2:1. We categorized the extent and type (impact vs. abrasion) in 34Agonopsis vulsaacross all 35+ plates in the eight rows along the body. The ventral rows show abrasive damage along the entire length of the fish that gets worse with age. Impact damage to head and tail plates gets more severe and occurs at higher rates with age. The observed damage rates and the large investment in mineralization of the armor suggest that it is not just for show, but is a functional defensive structure. We cannot say what the armor is defense against, but the abrasive damage on the ventrum implies their benthic lifestyle involves rubbing on the substrate. The impact damage could result from predatory attacks or from intraspecific combat.
Predictors of Depressive Symptomatology Among Hispanic First‐Year College Students
Authors: Watson Joshua C. , Hernandez Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

The authors examined whether perceptions of self‐esteem, coping self‐efficacy, and emotional intelligence could significantly predict the presence of depressive symptomatology among a sample of 146 Hispanic first‐year college students (53 men, 93 women). The results of a sequential multiple linear regression analysis indicated the 3 predictor variables contributed 43.3% of the variance noted in students’ reporting of depression symptoms through their Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (Spitzer et al., 1999) scores. The authors discuss implications for future research and provide recommendations for college counseling practice.
An Examination of Perceived Therapeutic Bond as a Mediator of Psychological Outcomes
Authors: Tatum Alexander K. , Vera Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

The client's perception of the therapy relationship is an essential component of modern theoretical orientations. To date, there is a lack of quantitative research examining how the therapeutic bond affects therapy outcomes in college counseling. This study used path analysis to examine longitudinal therapy outcomes with 423 college students. Having a stronger therapeutic bond predicted decreased symptoms of depression, social anxiety, and academic distress. Findings support continued attention to developing a working relationship.
Feeling Fat and Depressed? Dimensions of Self‐Concept That Affect Men
Authors: McGregor Carlie C. , Kaminski Patricia L. , McFarland Michael B.
Published: July 2020

Self‐concept (SC), a multidimensional construct, consistently predicts expected outcomes. Of importance, however, having high SC on even one dimension can be protective. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses of the data of 239 college men suggest that feeling positive about one's relationships protects men who feel fat from experiencing symptoms of depression at the intensity of their similarly body‐dissatisfied peers who do not report positive Family or Social SC. The authors discuss implications for college personnel.
Predicting Grit and Resilience: Exploring College Students’ Academic Rational Beliefs
Authors: Warren Jeffrey M. , Hale Robyn W.
Published: July 2020

Data were collected from 289 undergraduate college students at a minority‐serving institution to explore the impact of academic rational beliefs on grit and resilience. Findings from hierarchical regression analyses suggested that academic rational beliefs related to evaluation and work habits accounted for a significant amount of variance in grit. Work habits explained a significant portion of the variance in resilience. On the basis of these results, recommendations for future research and implications for college counselors are offered.
Wellness at Universities: A Group Art Therapy Approach
Authors: Sonnone Ashley , Rochford Jessie Spraggins
Published: July 2020

Art therapy process groups can be used at university counseling centers (UCCs) to treat the mental health needs of higher education students. The authors, art therapists employed at a UCC, developed an art therapy group to engage undergraduate students in creative self‐expression to increase social connection and learn healthy skills to improve insight and emotional well‐being. Such groups offer unique benefits to participants and would be a valuable addition to current UCC services.
Using Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol in College Counseling Centers
Authors: Irish Allen J.
Published: July 2020

Experiencing a traumatic event as a college student can have significant social, emotional, and academic consequences. This article discusses the use of an alternative protocol of eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing, called Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (E. Shapiro & Laub, 2008), and its use to reduce significant psychological distress of a college student who lived through a mass casualty shooting in the United States.
Master's‐Level Counseling Students of Color in Personal Growth Groups: A Phenomenological Study of Congruence
Authors: Varney Melanie A. , Swank Jacqueline M. , Weaver Jo Lauren , Placeres Vanessa
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the phenomenon of congruence for students of color (N = 6) in master’s‐level counseling programs using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The authors identified 3 main themes: (a) congruence‐facilitating experiences (safety and necessity), (b) congruence‐inhibiting experiences (micro‐ and macroaggressions and risks and consequences), and (c) personal and professional influences (microaggressive stress and interpersonal awareness and empathy).