bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale sont-ils fortement exposés aux chocs sectoriels et géographiques vis-à-vis de la zone euro ?
Authors: Trotignon Jérôme
Published: January 2011

La décennie 1990 est marquée par le redéploiement du commerce extérieur des PECO vers TUE qu'ils ont ensuite, pour la plupart, intégrée. Leur future adhésion à la zone euro met aujourd'hui en avant le risque de choc asymétrique externe dû à une trop forte dépendance envers un secteur ou un pays client. Nous construisons dans cet article deux indicateurs - sectoriel et géographique - d'exposition aux chocs commerciaux à partir de la symétrie des structures d'exportation d'un futur membre avec l'UEM et de l'ouverture commerciale du futur membre. Cela nous permet d'établir un classement des PECO en fonction de la réalisation du critère de Kenen reformulé, puis transposé à la diversité géographique des exportations. Les résultats, comparés à ceux des deux pays de l'UEM les plus exposés aux chocs sectoriel et géographique (la Finlande et l'Irlande), témoignent d'un risque généralement prononcé. Un inventaire des couples pays/branche et pays/destination susceptibles d'être à l'origine de chocs à fort impact macroéconomique montre que la Bulgarie et la Slovaquie, et plus encore l'Estonie et la Lettonie, concentrent les risques majeurs. Le processus de convergence réelle de la Bulgarie et de la Lettonie avec l'eurozone ne semblant pas être amorcé, ces deux économies pourraient envisager de reporter leur participation à l'UEM ou de créer préalablement un fonds de stabilisation conjoncturel. Cette recommandation est contraire à la thèse de l'endogénéité des ZMO, avancée lorsque le commerce intra- branche s'intensifie. Mais la hausse de la part du commerce intrabranche entre un PECO et l'UEM ne correspond pas nécessairement à une moindre exposition aux chocs étudiés. Ainsi, au cours de la décennie 1990, l'essor de ce commerce se double d'une plus grande vulnérabilité aux chocs sectoriels en Lettonie comme l'atteste l'évolution des ventes de sa filière
Le dialogue russo-européen sert-il un projet ? Une analyse des référentiels discursifs
Authors: Bayou Céline
Published: January 2011

L'élargissement de l'Union européenne, le 1er mai 2004, à huit pays relevant de l'ancienne zone d'influence soviétique a, pour une large part, focalisé le dialogue russo-européen à mesure que l'échéance se rapprochait. Plus d'un an après cet événement, on peut revenir sur l'enjeu de cette nouvelle frontière directe entre Russie et UE qui, pour n'être ni la première ni la plus longue, n'en est pas moins dotée d'une forte puissance symbolique. Si la création de la frontière a cristallisé les échanges russo-européens, c'est qu'elle pose aux protagonistes des questions fondamentales, récurrentes et qui semblent de plus en plus insolubles : où s'arrêtent les frontières de l'Europe ? Et celles de l'UE ? La Russie est-elle européenne ? Quel degré d'intégration au sein de l'UE peut-elle envisager et souhaite-t-elle ? À travers une analyse discursive, plus particulièrement des référentiels auxquels font appel les acteurs du dialogue russo-européen, nous tentons de saisir ce qu'ils nous disent par leurs paroles, mais aussi leurs référentiels, leurs silences et leurs omissions. Ce traçage, sans doute pas définitif, d'une frontière commune, objet du laborieux dialogue russo-européen, a révélé l'absence de définition d'un projet autour duquel pourraient se rassembler les deux protagonistes.
Seed dormancy in Trillium camschatcense (Melanthiaceae) and the possible roles of light and temperature requirements for seed germination in forests
Authors: Kondo Tetsuya , Mikubo Makoto , Yamada Keisuke , Walck Jeffrey L. , Hidayati Siti N.
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Seeds of some temperate plants require multiple treatments to break complex forms of dormancy, such as deep simple double morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), but embryo growth and radicle and cotyledon emergence have not been studied in depth for this level of MPD. Here we studied Trillium camschatcense, a species that is purported to have this MPD and that is sensitive to habitat fragmentation with decreased recruitment at forest edges.

• Methods: Trillium camschatcense seeds were collected and experiments conducted in Hokkaido, Japan over 5 years. Growth of embryos and emergence of radicles and cotyledons were tracked in relation to field temperature to determine specific temperature and light requirements for these stages under laboratory conditions.

• Key results: Low (winter) temperatures overcame dormancy in the underdeveloped embryos, and embryo growth and radicle emergence occurred between July and September, ca. 1 year after seed dispersal. Radicles emerged optimally over a narrow temperature range (20–25°C), in darkness, and at constant temperatures. Roots developed during the second autumn. Cotyledons needed a second low temperature (second winter) to emerge from seeds with roots, doing so in April, slightly over 1.5 years after dispersal.

• Conclusions: Seeds of T. camschatcense have deep simple double MPD and requirements for radicle emergence: darkness and constant temperatures. Ecologically, edges of forests may be deleterious for germination of the species due to increased light and to higher temperature fluctuations as compared to the interiors of forests. Thus, these specific requirements may play an important role in reducing seed germination of this plant at forest edges.
PROTECTING BUILT PROPERTY AGAINST FIRE DISASTERS: MULTI ‐ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING WITH RESPECT TO FIRE RISK
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus Rytas , Šakėnaitė Jurgita
Published: January 2011

The protection of buildings against fire disasters may require a comparison of alternative fire safety designs. The fire safety solutions can be compared by means of a general methodology known as multi‐attribute selection or multi‐criteria decision making. The alternative fire designs can be described by a number of attributes which characterise each of the alternatives. Fire risk expressed in the general form used for the quantitative risk assessment is applied to compose the set of attributes of a multi‐attribute selection problem. It is shown how to accomplish the multi‐attribute selection in the presence of epistemic uncertainties in the elements of fire risk estimate. Epistemic probability distributions assigned to elements of fire risk are specified and propagated though models of the multi‐attribute selection by means of Monte Carlo simulation. An example presented in the paper considers the choice among alternative systems of automatic fire sprinklers. Santruka Norint užtikrinti pastatu gaisrine sauga, gali prireikti lyginti alternatyvius projektinius saugos sprendimus. Tai atlikti galima pasitelkiant daugiakriterinio vertinimo metodologija. Alternatyvieji sprendimai gali būti aprašyti keletu charakteristiku (atributu) ir lyginami vienas su kitu. Straipsnyje atributu sarašas sudaromas naudojant gaisro rizikos išraiška, sudaroma kiekybinio rizikos vertinimo principais. Parodyta, kaip atlikti daugiakriterini vertinima, kai rizikos išraiškos elementai yra neapibrežti epistemine prasme. Episteminio neapibrežtumo skirstiniai priskiriami uždavinio atributams ir propaguojami matematiniais daugiakriterinio vertinimo modeliais pasitelkiant Monte Karlo modeliavima. Pateikiamas pavyzdys, nagrinejantis automatiniu sprinkleriu sistemos parinkima iš keliu alternatyviu variantu.
VULNERABILITY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND WASTEWATER PUMPING STATIONS TO EARTHQUAKES
Authors: Zare Mohammad Reza , Wilkinson Suzanne , Potangaroa Regan
Published: January 2011

Earthquakes are the most common natural hazard in New Zealand which can affect lifelines in populated areas. This research takes into account earthquake effects on treatment plants and pumping stations in wastewater systems as a lifeline. Wastewater treatment plants in four earthquake prone areas in New Zealand were selected for the purpose of assessing their vulnerabilities to earthquakes. Results showed that simple upgraded wastewater treatment plants are the most vulnerable type of wastewater treatment plants in New Zealand. Earthquake vulnerability of 45 wastewater pumping stations in 3 earthquake prone cities in New Zealand was also assessed. The assessment proved that non‐structural components are among the most vulnerable parts in wastewater pumping stations. Since structural vulnerability of some wastewater pumping stations is notable, it requires a need for an immediate rehabilitation plan. Santruka Naujojoje Zelandijoje žemes drebejimai yra labiausiai tiketina stichine nelaime, apgyvendintose teritorijose galinti paveikti gyvybiškai svarbius tinklus. Šiame tyrime nagrinejamas žemes drebejimu poveikis nuoteku tinkluose veikiančioms valymo ir pumpavimo stotims, kurios yra gyvybiškai svarbios. Siekiant ivertinti, kaip žemes drebejimai gali pažeisti nuoteku valymo stotis, buvo pasirinktos valymo stotys iš keturiu seismiškai aktyviu Naujosios Zelandijos zonu. Rezultatai parode, kad Naujojoje Zelandijoje labiausiai pažeidžiamos paprastos atnaujintos nuoteku valymo stotys. Ivertintas ir trijuose seismiškai aktyviuose Naujosios Zelandijos miestuose esančiu 45 nuoteku pumpavimo stočiu pažeidžiamumas per žemes drebejimus. Ivertinus nustatyta, kad nuoteku pumpavimo stotyse labiausiai pažeidžiami yra nestruktūriniai elementai. Kadangi kai kuriose nuoteku pumpavimo stotyse struktūru pažeidžiamumas yra didelis, reikia nedelsiant sudaryti rekonstrukcijos plana.
SUSTAINABILITY MODELS AND INDICATORS / TVARUMO MODELIAI IR INDIKATORIAI
Authors: Sakalauskas Leonidas
Published: January 2011

Achieving goals of sustainable development requires new models and indicators of gathering, sharing, and analyzing information, coordinating work, educating and training professionals, policymakers, and the public. Because of the complexity and the enormous amount of relevant data, the decision makers need effective support for their decisions. The use of a knowledge‐based approach is a solution for reducing this complexity. Nowadays the strategic and operational decisions are facing challenges of economic competition on a global perspective and realization of sustainable development that are the result of a new thinking and recognition of a competitive positioning, ecological and social consequences. Sustainable development is increasingly being seen as a major challenge in global terms. New information and communication systems build the bridge to on‐line and just‐in‐time decision‐making within supply chains and production and logistics networks. Operational Research has yet to be fully utilised in this area. To date, where it has been mostly used, it tends to deal with the relationships between environmental management and product supply chain and also focuses on the social dimension. This article surveys the recent work on sustainability models and indicators to be implemented in sustainability policies and decisions.

Santrauka

Darnusis vystymąsis tampa vis svarbesniu iššūkiu globaliu mastu. Darniojo vystymosi tikslams įgyvendinti reikia sukurti naujus informacijos kaupimo, paskirstymo ir analizės modelius bei indikatorius, skirtus profesionalams, vadybos specialistams ir visuomenei informuoti, koordinuoti bei mokyti. Dabartiniai strateginių ir operatyvinių sprendimų priėmimo metodai turi atsižvelgti į ekonominę konkurenciją globaliomis sąlygomis ir būtinuma įgyvendinti darniojo vystymosi sprendimus. Žinių technologijų naudojimas leidžia sukurti efektyvius dideliu įvairialypes informacijos kiekių apdorojimo metodus. Operaciju tyrimas (OT) gali ir turi būti pritaikomas aplinkosaugos vadyboje, gamybos “žaliose” grandyse ir socialineje sferoje. Naujos informacijos ir komunikacijų sistemos leidžia realizuoti laiku ir vietoje sprendimus, susijusius su tiekimo grandžiu vadyba bei produkcijos ir logistikos tinklais. Šiame darbe apžvelgiami modeliai ir indikatoriai, naudojami darniojo vystymosi politikai bei sprendimams įgyvendinti.
USING SSM FOR STRUCTURING DECISION SUPPORT IN URBAN ENERGY PLANNING / OPERACINĖS SISTEMOS METODOLOGIJOS TAIKYMAS PLANUOJANT MIESTO ENERGETIKĄ
Authors: Coelho Dulce , Antunes Carlos Henggeler , Martins António Gomes
Published: January 2011

This paper describes the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as a tool for problem structuring, which is the first phase encompassed in a methodological approach currently under development to provide decision support based on Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in energy planning problems in an urban context. In order to apply the methodology to a real‐world problem, a medium sized Portuguese city has been chosen as the decision setting. SSM is used for characterizing as precisely as possible the decision problem context, identifying the main stakeholders and their relations, and discerning the relevant criteria at stake for each one. Future work directions based on this phase are also envisaged.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aprašoma operacinės sistemos metodologija (OSM), kuri bus taikoma kaip daugiakriterinės analizės metodais pagrįsta sprendimų paramos sistema miesto energetikos planavimo problemoms spręsti. Siekiant metodologiją pritaikyti realiame gyvenime, eksperimentui buvo parinktas vidutinio dydžio Portugalijos miestas. Operacines sistemos metodologija taikyta kuo tiksliau nustatant pagrindines problemas, identifikuojant pagrindines suinteresuotas šalis ir jų santykius, nustatant vienas kitam įtaka darančius rodiklius. Numatytos būsimos darbo kryptys.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO EXHAUST GAS ENERGETIC UTILISATION
Authors: Török Ádám , Stubán Norbert
Published: January 2011

Sustainable development is a kind of development where the pace of technical development, the satiation of increasing supply and the raw materials and resources of the Earth are poised so that the rate of living and the opportunities of the future generations should not decline. For this reason, transportation systems must be developed and the effectiveness of transportation service must be increased while environmental pollution must be decreased or prevented. Vehicles are burning fuels inefficiently. There are two options of decreasing environmental impacts – one is to reduce fuel consumption while another is to do it in a more acceptable way increasing efficiency. There is justifiable demand put forward by the society to moderate environmental impacts caused by road transportation. This article deals with modelling the energetic utilisation of exhaust gas.
TRACTOR ENGINE LOAD AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Authors: Janulevičius Algirdas , Juostas Antanas , Pupinis Gediminas
Published: January 2011

Tractor load influences engine work parameters having an influence on the working economy and productivity of the complete tractor aggregate. The operational economy and productivity of the tractor is mostly evident when its engine power is utilized at least at 80% and engine speed is as low as possible. The paper analyses the engine parameters of tractor Massey Ferguson MF 8480 during the operational period of road construction works. Control tests on the parameters of the engine load of the tractor engine in combination with the employed milling equipment WS 2500 produced by the company ‘Wirtgen’ were performed. The study was carried out using engine load tables and graphs collected and stored in the so called ECU Load Profileintegrated in Electronic Engine Control Units. Theoretical analysis was made and an equation presented to establish the relation between engine power, engine speed and the quantities of cyclic fuel consumption. The study results present the distribution graphs of work time and fuel consumption at different engine speed during the operational period. The paper also indicates engine load and fuel consumption graphs of the tractor in combination with milling equipment. The article has also disclosed that the analysis of engine speed and load modes using information obtained from tractor‐integrated digital microprocessors reveals the operation quality of the tractor.
A NEW FUZZY ADDITIVE RATIO ASSESSMENT METHOD (ARAS‐F). CASE STUDY: THE ANALYSIS OF FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA IN ORDER TO SELECT THE LOGISTIC CENTERS LOCATION
Authors: Turskis Zenonas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: January 2011

The main approaches which are applied to select the logistic center are the methods of gravity center, analytic hierarchy process, similarity to ideal solution, fuzzy ranking, assessment, etc. Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making (MCDM) combines analytical and inductive knowledge, describing a domain problem, which can be fuzzy and/or incomplete. The fuzzy MCDM (FMCDM) approach can explain the problem more appropriately. The purpose of the paper is to select the most suitable site for logistic centre among a set of alternatives, to help the stakeholders with the performance evaluation in an uncertain environment, where the subjectivity and vagueness of criteria are described by triangular fuzzy numbers. The paper presents a newly‐developed ARAS‐F method to solve different problems in transport, construction, economics, technology and sustainable development.
MALAYSIAN ENERGY DEMAND AND EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR
Authors: Al-Mofleh Anwar , Taib Soib , Salah Wael A.
Published: January 2011

Road transport represents one of the greatest areas of challenge for energy efficiency. A growing percentage of petrol usage is due to consumption in the transportation sector. However, in other sectors, petrol has been recently partially or totally substituted by other fuels. The need for worldwide action to achieve energy efficiency in the transportation sector has been recognized by the agencies of the United Nations and other international governmental and non‐governmental organizations. Transportation is one of the key factors for the growth and development of Malaysian economy. Currently, more than 80% of primary energy consumption based on fossil fuels and demand stays high and is supposed continually grow in the future. Even if technology developments eventually able to reduce specific consumption, world energy demand is likely to increase in line with its population. This sector also accounts for a substantial amount of air pollution in cities and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to analyze factors influencing the pattern and emission level of energy consumption in the transportation sector of Malaysia and extrapolates the total energy demand and vehicular emissions.
Abandons scolaires, marchés du travail urbains, et opportunités de migration
Authors: Piacentini Mario
Published: January 2011

Résumé Les adolescents représentent une fraction très importante des migrants dans les pays en développement. Cet article cherche à déterminer si la migration à l’âge scolaire affecte le niveau de scolarisation des jeunes d’origine rurale. Dans un modèle de migration rurale-urbaine, les contraintes de crédit et l’incertitude sur les rendements de la scolarité peuvent engendrer un piège de sous-éducation pour les familles de migrants, avec des effets négatifs sur les investissements scolaires des jeunes. Des données longitudinales en provenance de la Thaïlande montrent que, en moyenne, les jeunes migrants ont des taux d’abandon scolaire plus élevés que les jeunes de la même génération qui restent dans les villages. Un modèle simultané pour l’abandon scolaire et la migration apporte la preuve que cet écart de scolarisation n’est pas motivé par une sélection négative (préférences inférieures pour l’enseignement secondaire) des migrants ruraux-urbains. Les résultats indiquent que les coûts de l’enseignement supérieur sont élevés pour les jeunes qui migrent des campagnes vers les villes, et suggèrent la mise en place de politiques de marché du travail et d’éducation ciblées sur les familles de migrants à faible revenu. Classification JEL : O15, L14
L'ancêtre de la protection diplomatique : les représailles de l'ancien droit (xiie-xviiie siècles)
Authors: Haggenmacher Peter
Published: January 2011

Résumé La protection diplomatique a pour objet spécifique des intérêts privés enfreints par des agissements illicites survenus à l’étranger et dont l’État d’origine du lésé prend la défense. Devenue institution juridique au xx e siècle dans le sillage de la pratique du xix e , la protection diplomatique est par conséquent distincte de la représentation des intérêts d’États étrangers par une puissance protectrice dont traite ce volume. Elle présente en revanche un lien génétique avec la pratique des anciennes représailles telles qu’elles avaient cours jusqu’au xviii e siècle. Théorisées dès le xiii e siècle, elles remplissaient en fait la fonction de la protection diplomatique, moyennant la « reprise » par le lésé lui-même, muni d’une lettre de représailles obtenue de son État d’origine, de l’équivalent de ces pertes sur l’ensemble de la population de l’État défaillant, coupable de déni de justice.
La protection des intérêts étrangers : origines et signification de l'institution
Authors: Wyler Éric
Published: January 2011

Résumé La protection des intérêts étrangers est une institution spécifique du Droit international ayant pris son essor au xix e siècle, mettant en jeu une relation triangulaire entre trois États liés par des rapports juridiques différents, et consistant en diverses interventions en faveur de ressortissants étrangers ou de biens de nature diplomatique, effectuées sur le territoire d’un État tiers, avec son consentement, par l’agent d’un État mandaté par l’État national de ces personnes. Ses origines remontent à une pratique plus ancienne par laquelle un État recourait aux services d’un consul d’un autre État, aux fins de la sauvegarde des intérêts de ses nationaux sur le territoire d’un État tiers avec lequel il n’entretenait pas de relations. Mais sa spécificité est liée à un contexte particulier, la rupture des relations diplomatiques et consulaires, en temps de guerre comme en temps de paix, circonstance rendant l’aide d’un tiers indispensable.
L'Espagne, puissance protectrice de la fin du xixe siècle à l'aube du xxie siècle
Authors: Delaunay Jean-Marc
Published: January 2011

Résumé L’Espagne, autant que la Suisse, a été un pays utile aux relations des États en rupture. Très fugacement protecteur dès la fin du xix e siècle, ce pays allait multiplier les prises en charge d’intérêts belligérants lors de la Grande Guerre. En concurrence avec d’autres puissances neutres, dans l’illusion d’accueillir la conférence de la Paix, cette attitude lui valut simplement les remerciements polis des vainqueurs. Lors du second conflit mondial, l’Espagne de Franco reparut au premier rang des puissances protectrices, au bénéfice quasi exclusif des pays agresseurs. La décolonisation suscita aussi quelques mandats de protection. Depuis 1975, l’activité protectrice tierce de la diplomatie espagnole semble s’être fixée dans les espaces où elle est historiquement très présente, l’Amérique latine, l’Afrique du Nord et le Moyen-Orient. Sans présence, pas de protection.
Succès et limites des puissances protectrices : le cas des prisonniers civils et militaires dans l'ouest de la France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Richard Ronan
Published: January 2011

Résumé Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, les neutres assumèrent un certain nombre de missions sur les terrains diplomatique et humanitaire. L’une de leurs interventions les plus concrètes fut le secours aux prisonniers. De nombreux délégués suisses ou américains sillonnèrent ainsi les dépôts d’internés et de prisonniers de guerre de l’Ouest de la France afin de vérifier l’application des clauses conventionnelles négociées avant ou pendant le conflit. Ils s’y heurtèrent à la méfiance et parfois à l’hostilité des différents acteurs nationaux de l’emprisonnement et mesurèrent la difficulté du rôle du neutre lorsque celui-ci se trouvait confronté à un contexte d’une violence si extrême que les belligérants considéraient la neutralité même comme impensable.
L'évolution du principe de liberté d'établissement en droit communautaire : un mouvement de libéralisation depuis l'arrêt Cartesio
Authors: Santoro Guillaume
Published: January 2011

Le principe de la liberté d’établissement donne aux sociétés établies dans les différents États membres de l’Union européenne la possibilité de développer leurs activités transfrontalières. Une fois le principe consacré par le Traité de Rome, aucune règle de droit communautaire sur la reconnaissance des sociétés susceptible de mettre en œuvre cette liberté ne fut édictée. Les textes se sont limités à prévoir un renvoi aux droits nationaux et ont établi un principe de neutralité par rapport aux systèmes de rattachement des États membres. Ces derniers ont recours à deux critères de rattachement différents : la théorie du siège réel ou celle du siège statutaire, ce qui génère des difficultés d’application de la liberté d’établissement. Les problèmes se posent non seulement dans le cadre du transfert de siège, mais également dans la création ex nihilo d’un établissement secondaire. Il est donc revenu au juge communautaire de préciser les modalités d’application de la liberté d’établissement au cours des deux dernières décennies. Dans un premier temps, les juges de Luxembourg ont laissé une marge de manœuvre aux États membres. Puis la Cour de justice s’est engagée vers plus de libéralisme en rappelant régulièrement que les règles nationales ne devaient pas constituer une entrave à l’exercice de la liberté d’établissement. En 2008, l’arrêt Cartesio est allé plus loin en affirmant le droit pour une société qui changeait de loi applicable de transférer son siège dans un autre État sans dissolution ni liquidation préalable. Cela a permis d’étendre la liberté d’établissement pour les sociétés migrantes. Un certain équilibre entre le droit international privé des États membres et l’exercice de la liberté d’établissement a donc été trouvé. Mais l’absence de règles communautaires uniformes et la coexistence de règles nationales divergentes ont engendré un law shopping au sein de l’Union européenne et un contentieux sur les conditions de mise en œuvre de cette liberté entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil.
Les mots et les images chez Freud et Pérez Galdós : le dialecte du rêve et la création littéraire
Authors: Lakhdari Sadi
Published: January 2011

Résumé Benito Pérez Galdós fait mention dans Angel Guerra , roman de 1890-1891, à des cauchemars « constitutifs » de son héros. L’étude de ces rêves permet de dégager les conceptions explicites ou implicites que l’auteur a élaborées à propos des rapports entre les images et les mots. Elles offrent une grande similitude avec les théories de Freud qui permettent par ailleurs de mieux interpréter le roman. Les fantasmes originaires identifiables dans Angel Guerra sont représentés au moyen d’œuvres picturales connues qui servent de métaphore à la matière préconsciente du rêve en rapport avec des éléments inconscients.
Quand Hitchcock rencontre Dalí : Spellbound (La maison du docteur Edwardes, 1945)
Authors: Berthier Nancy
Published: January 2011

Résumé Ce texte s’attache à mettre en évidence la manière dont, dans Spellbound (Hitchcock, 1945), les univers du maître du suspense et du surréaliste le plus célèbre de l’époque aux États-Unis, Salvador Dalí, sollicité pour la mise en scène du rêve du protagoniste, se mettent au service d’une « mise en image » de la théorie psychanalytique du rêve, et ce, afin de déterminer les enjeux, dans ce film hollywoodien, de la « cinématographisation de la psychanalyse ».
L'Inconscient structuré comme un théâtre
Authors: Quinet Antonio
Published: January 2011

Résumé En 1900, Freud ouvre le rideau de l’inconscient avec la pièce Œdipe roi , après s’être intéressé au « théâtre privé » – selon l’expression d’Anna O. – des hystériques. Cet inconscient tragique qui secrète les images de rêves et de cauchemars, Freud le situe sur une autre scène ( der andere Schauplatz). La mise en acte de l’inconscient relève de la théâtralisation du langage et met en jeu le réel de la pulsion et les objets de la jouissance, le regard et la voix. Le fantasme en est l’illustration où le sujet est le « metteur en scène de toute la capture imaginaire » (Lacan).
Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Asian Patients Without Prophylactic Anticoagulation
Authors: Chung Lien-Hsiang , Chen Wei-Ming , Chen Cheng-Fong , Chen Tain-Hsiung , Liu Chien-Lin
Published: January 2011

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the incidence of DVT is generally underestimated due to subclinical or minor symptoms and signs. In Western countries, prophylactic agents against DVT are administered routinely after TKA. However, in Asia, no regular prophylaxis is generally given to patients undergoing TKA.

This article presents a prospective study evaluating the incidence of DVT in 724 consecutive Taiwanese patients who underwent TKA without prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. Of these, 328 patients (45.3%) showed positive Homan’s sign with calf swelling >3 cm. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the overall incidence of DVT to be 8.6% (62/724). The incidence of DVT was significantly higher in women (
P
=.035), in patients who underwent bilateral TKA (
P
=.002), and in patients with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
(
P
=.026). The incidence of DVT appeared to be increased in patients with higher tourniquet time; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In all of the suspected cases of DVT, the symptoms subsided after the administration of enoxaparin with uneventful follow-up. No patient developed pulmonary embolism.

Our results showed a relatively high incidence of DVT in an Asian population following TKA. We therefore consider that following TKA, prophylactic anticoagulation therapy should be administered to high-risk patients.
The Use of a Cementless Modular Stem in the Treatment of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures in Conjunction with Ipsilateral Coxarthrosis
Authors: Öztürkmen Yusuf , Üzümcügil Onat , Şükür Erhan , Karamehmetoğlu Mahmut , Caniklioğlu Mustafa
Published: January 2011

Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur below an arthritic hip are uncommon and challenging to orthopedic surgeons. Most of these fractures occur in elderly patients with advanced osteoporosis. The treatment choices consist of treatment of the fracture and the above hip joint versus treatment of the fracture alone. This study evaluates the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroplasties performed to treat both conditions in a single surgery with the use of a cementless modular revision stem. Twelve subtrochanteric femoral fractures of 12 patients (9 women, 3 men) with a mean age of 76.4 years (range, 62–88 years) were treated with cementless modular revision stems. Total hip arthroplasty was performed with cementless femoral and acetabular component fixation. All hips received the same femoral and acetabular implants. All patients had comorbidities and the average American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.3 (range, 1–3). Ten of the 12 hips (83%) required an assistance device for ambulation before the trauma. There were 2 Dorr Type A (17%), 3 Dorr type B (25%), and 7 Dorr type C (58%) femora. The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was 83 (range, 72–92) with a mean follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2–7 years). At final follow-up, 9 hips (75%) were ambulatory without support (
P
=.016). Ten hips (83%) were able to both ambulate and walk up and down stairs. Two hips (17%) were able to ambulate but could not climb and descend stairs. Union was achieved in all femora at an average of 22.3 weeks (range, 16–32 weeks). Radiographic findings demonstrated stable ingrowth of the femoral prosthesis with no evidence of subsidence in 11 hips (92%). The average Engh score for all femora was 20.2 (range, 10–26). There was no relationship between the bone morphology (Dorr type) of the femoral medullary canal and the bone ingrowth scores of Engh (
P
=.639).
Thorough Debridement of the Humeral Head for Osteonecrosis
Authors: Brannon James K.
Published: January 2011

Osteonecrosis of the shoulder is a devastating disease, particularly in the young patient. Published data is replete with vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafting procedures for joint preservation of the hip; however, these same techniques have not been applied to the shoulder. When treating osteonecrosis of the shoulder, endoscopically-guided thorough debridement of the necrotic bone may promote good outcomes by ensuring that the bone graft, vascularized or nonvascularized, is stabilized against a viable host bed. In addition, this new technique facilitates access to the subchondral plate from the osseous side, thereby fully debriding the intraosseous fracture and allowing elevation of the articular surface if needed. When collapse is present, stage 3 disease secondary articular-sided changes may be present and should be addressed during concomitant arthroscopy. This article presents a case of endoscopically-guided thorough debridement of the humeral head combined with nonvascularized bone grafting of the residual cavity and stabilization, and concomitant arthroscopy for a 30-year-old woman with steroid-associated osteonecrosis.
Periprosthetic Femoral Condyle Fracture After Total Knee Arthroplasty and Saline-Coupled Bipolar Sealing Technology
Authors: Ng Vincent Y. , Arnott Lindsay , McShane Michael
Published: January 2011

Saline-cooled bipolar radiofrequency technology has emerged as an effective method to reduce bleeding during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). No significant osseous complications have been previously reported, and animal studies have revealed no difference in bone healing, strength, or osteonecrosis compared to conventional monopolar electrocautery. This article presents 4 cases of early postoperative periprosthetic femoral condyle fractures after extensive use of saline-cooled bipolar radiofrequency requiring revision TKA. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative details from 4 patients who underwent early TKA revision for periprosthetic femoral condyle fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The senior author (M.M.) had not experienced similar condyle fractures postoperatively in over 2,500 primary TKAs performed over 2 decades. The cases described here were performed between July 2009 and November 2009, shortly after increasing the usage of saline-cooled bipolar radiofrequency on the synovium overlying the femoral condyles for hemostasis. No other change in surgical technique or implant that occurred during this time was observed. The senior author has significantly decreased his use of saline-cooled bipolar radiofrequency and has seen no recurrence of these complications.
Human Patient Simulation: State of the Science in Prelicensure Nursing Education
Authors: Shinnick Mary Ann , Woo Mary A. , Mentes Janet C.
Published: January 2011

Nurse educators strive to engage students in an active learning process. Human patient simulation (HPS) may provide an interactive learning experience for nursing students. However, the current literature and research published on HPS is restricted and lacks objective evidence supporting this educational method in prelicensure nursing education. Studies with large numbers of participants and clearly defined, objective, and validated data collection methods are rare. Despite the lack of empirical evidence for HPS, many are embracing a technology and form of education in which the efficacy is still in question. This article reviews the current research in the areas of HPS value perceptions and studies of HPS impact on knowledge and knowledge transfer among nurses.
Using Reflection Strategies to Link Course Knowledge to Clinical Practice: The RN-to-BSN Student Experience
Authors: Asselin Marilyn E.
Published: January 2011

Reflection is viewed as an essential element of professional practice. However, there is limited research exploring practice changes as a result of reflection within the context of new knowledge. In addition, literature suggests that nursing students may have difficulty linking course knowledge to their practice; reflection may facilitate this process. Colaizzi’s phenomenology was used to describe the experience of 10 RN-to-BSN students using reflection strategies to facilitate a change in thinking or practice actions within the context of course knowledge. Seven themes emerged: facing emotional barriers, weighing the choices for reflection, making sense, percolating insights, letting go, blending insights into practice, and looking back and acknowledging growth. Structured reflection facilitated changed perspectives and practice actions. Students were able to transcend emotions to begin reflection. Faculty assumed the role of reflective guide. A consistent reflective structure across courses may facilitate learning and use of reflection.
Visual and Optical Performance With Two Different Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Compared to a Monofocal Lens
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Piñero David P. , Plaza-Puche Ana B. , Amparo Francisco , Jiménez Ramón , Rodríguez-Prats Jose L. , Javaloy Jaime
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE:

To compare the visual acuity outcomes as well as the ocular optical performance of eyes implanted with either a monofocal or one of two diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:

One hundred two consecutive eyes of 51 bilateral cataract patients (age 49 to 80 years) were divided into three groups: 22 eyes were implanted with a monofocal IOL (monofocal group), 40 eyes with the Acrysof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL (ReSTOR group), and 40 eyes with the Acri.Lisa 366D IOL (Acri.Lisa group). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Additionally, ocular optical quality and intraocular aberrations were evaluated postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Significant improvement after surgery in uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuity was observed in all three groups (
P
≤.05). Uncorrected near visual acuity was significantly better in eyes from the ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa groups compared to the monofocal group (
P
≤.01). Photopic contrast sensitivity was significantly better for the spatial frequency of 3 cycles/degree in the monofocal group (
P
<.01). Significantly higher values of the ocular Strehl ratio and cutoff modulation transfer function spatial frequency were also found in the Acri.Lisa group (
P
=.01). An acceptable range of vision between near and distance peaks was observed in the defocus curves of the ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The AcrySof ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa 366D IOLs are able to successfully restore near and intermediate visual function after cataract surgery; however, the Acri.Lisa design seems to provide better optical performance. These results need to be confirmed in a randomized, prospective trial.
The Meaning of Leisure for Older Adults Living with Vision Loss
Authors: Berger Sue
Published: January 2011

Engaging in leisure activities is related to successful aging. Because there are an increasing number of older adults living with vision loss, many of whom struggle to engage in leisure, the aim of this study was to understand the meaning behind leisure activities for older adults who are living with vision loss. Twenty-six individuals with a visual acuity of 20/70 or worse participated in semi-structured interviews and allowed for the observation of engagement in a leisure activity of choice. Three themes regarding leisure and vision loss emerged: a shift in relationships, the influence of vision loss on time use, and achieving meaning through leisure as an important outcome. Discussion focused on implications for practice, emphasizing a need to understand the meaning of an activity to achieve leisure participation outcomes, and the importance of finding ways to enable older adults with vision loss to engage in leisure occupations.
Comparison of 20-, 23-, and 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Pseudophakic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Lewis Shawn A. , Miller Daniel M. , Riemann Christopher D. , Foster Robert E. , Petersen Michael R.
Published: January 2011

Background and Objective:

To compare 20-, 23-, and 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for repair of primary pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred eyes of 94 pseudophakic patients who underwent primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with 20-, 23-, or 25-gauge transconjunctival PPV without scleral buckling were included. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed and the corresponding demographic information, preoperative ophthalmic diagnoses, surgical management, and postoperative course and treatment were recorded.

Results:

Retinal detachment repair was performed by one of four surgeons. All eyes underwent primary vitrectomy using either 20-, 23-, or 25-gauge vitrectomy instruments, a wide-angle viewing system, endolaser photocoagulation, and gas or silicone oil tamponade. Single surgery anatomical success was 25 of 28 eyes (89.3%) for 20-gauge, 24 of 27 eyes (88.9%) for 23-gauge, and 42 of 45 eyes (93.3%) for 25-gauge PPV. There was no statistical difference in single operation success or final visual acuity results between the groups and 100% of patients achieved final reattachment.

Conclusion:

Twenty-, 23-, and 25-gauge instruments are equally effective options for primary repair of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Performance Analysis of Millennium Vitreous Enhancer
™
System
Authors: Matsuoka Naoki , Teixeira Anderson , Lue Jaw-Chyng , Fang Sophia , Kerns Ralph , Bhadri Prashant , Humayun Mark
Published: January 2011

Background and Objective:

This study evaluates water and porcine vitreous flow rates and duty cycle using the Millennium Vitrectomy Enhancer (MVE) system (Bausch & Lomb, St. Louis, MO).

Materials and Methods:

A precision balance measured mass of water or vitreous removed from a vial within a certain time by 20-, 23-, and 25-gauge MVE cutters at 800, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 cuts per minute (CPM) with various aspiration levels was studied. Frame-by-frame analysis of high-speed video was used to determine duty cycle.

Results:

Larger cutter and higher aspiration levels produced greater flow rates. Water flow rate showed a parabolic trend peaking at 1,500 CPM and dropping moderately and vitreous flow rate increased moderately with cut-rate increased. The MVE system maintained a high flow rate and high duty cycle even at high cut-rates.

Conclusion:

Flow rates for the MVE system are stable and predictable for all cutter gauges, which should aid the surgeon to select the optimal parameters for vitrectomy.
Full-Thickness Macular Hole and Macular Telangiectasia in a Child with Coats’ Disease
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Goel Neha , Ghosh Basudeb , Raina Usha Kaul
Published: January 2011

A 9-year-old boy presented with a 6-month history of decreased vision in his left eye. The patient’s retinal examination was significant for telangiectatic vessels involving the posterior pole and the superior and inferior post-equatorial regions, circinate intraretinal exudation at the macula, and a full-thickness macular hole that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Chronic exudation from the anomalous vessels may be involved in the pathogenesis. Full-thickness macular hole formation may occur in conjunction with Coats’ disease in children, which has not been reported to date, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.
Fit and Misfit: Applying Decision Theory to an Older Adult's Experience of Deciding About Cancer Therapy
Authors: Crighton Margaret H. , Lingler Jennifer H. , Happ Mary Beth
Published: January 2011

This article presents an interpretive case analysis of an older adult's experience with treatment decision making for acute myeloid leukemia. Interview and observational data were compared and contrasted with key constructs in behavioral decision theory to analyze theoretical utility and fit. Decision making involved a complex interplay among the patient, treating clinicians, and family members. While some constructs of decision theory, such as trade-offs, avoidance-avoidance, and the certainty effect, showed utility for decision making in geriatric oncology, this case demonstrated that individual preferences for treatment may be expressed in quality of life preferences rather than a specific treatment decision. The Cage, a major theme in this case, represented the trap of two undesirable choices in treatment decision making, as well as the imprisoning consequence of aggressive medical treatment for advanced cancer. Further decision making research is needed to develop practice-level theory that can more effectively support and guide treatment decision making in geriatric oncology.
Die Architektur in der Krippenkunst
Authors: Ficker Friedbert
Published: January 2011

Der Verf. widmet seine Aufmerksamkeit dem bisher unbeachteten Umfeld bei der Aufstellung von Krippen. Der Mittelpunkt des Weihnachtsgeschehens ist die Geburt Jesus Christus wie sie in der Bibel dargestellt wird. Die Aufstellung von Krippen ist ein religiöser Brauch. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Handlung mit ihren Hauptakteuren (Christus Kind, Mutter Maria und Joseph der Zimmermann) und zahlreichen begleitenden Akteuren (die drei Weisen, Hirten, Schaffe, Ochsen und Eselin). Der Autor ist der Meinung, daß das Geschehen erst mit seinem gesamten konkreten Hintergrund verständlich wird, was jedoch vom individuellen Erfassen der Weihnacht und der künstlerischer Fähigheiten der Einzelnen abhängig ist. Dies spiegelt sich wiederum in der landschaftlichen und zeitlichen Charakteristik des Krippenumfeldes wieder, was jedoch eines langjährigen Prozeßes bedarf.
***
Avtor namenja pozornost doslej prezrtemu ozadju oz. kulisam pri postavitvah jaslic. Središče božičnega dogodka, kakor je opisan v Svetem pismu, je Kristusovo rojstvo. Postavljanje jaslic je torej verska šega z osrednjim dogodkom in osebami (dete v jaslih, mati Marija in mizar Jožef) ter številnimi spremljajočimi akterji (Trije modri, pastirji, ovce, volički in oslički). Avtor v prispevku poudarja, da je to dogajanje lahko povsem razumljivo šele, ko ga postavimo v konkretno okolje. Odvisno je od individualnega doživljanja božiča in od umetniške ustvarjalnosti posameznika, ki se izraža v pokrajinskih in časovnih značilnostih jasličnega ozadja, kar pa je rezultat dolgotrajnega razvojnega procesa.
Con le cicale da Corinto all’Istria e verso i fiumi Vipacco – Isonzo – Natisone
Authors: Matičetov Milko
Published: January 2011

Od Korintske ožine v Grčiji, čez kopensko Makedonijo, Črno Goro in Dubrovnik spremljamo nekaj škržadjih semantičnih povezav do Istre in Vipave – Soče – Nadiže.
***
Prendendo le mosse da una poesiola neogreca d’ ispirazione folklorica (benchè di autore – V. Rotas – oriundo dell’ Istmo), dedicata alla cicala, presentiamo alcuni parallelismi semantici emersi nella Macedonia continentale, in Montenegro e a Dubrovnik fino all’ Istria, nonchè tra gli sloveni in riva al Vipacco, oltre l’ Isonzo e il Natisone.
In Vivo Administration of the Recombinant IL-7/Hepatocyte Growth Factor β Hybrid Cytokine Efficiently Restores Thymopoiesis and Naive T Cell Generation in Lethally Irradiated Mice after Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Jin Jingjun , Goldschneider Irving , Lai Laijun
Published: January 2011

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often followed by a prolonged period of T cell deficiency. Therefore, the enhancement of T cell reconstitution is an important clinical goal. We have identified a novel hybrid cytokine containing IL-7 and the β-chain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the supernatant of cultured mouse BM stromal cells. We have cloned and expressed the IL-7/HGFβ gene to produce a single-chain rIL-7/HGFβ protein that stimulates the in vitro proliferation of thymocytes, early B-lineage cell, and day 12 spleen CFUs. In this study, we show that, following syngenic BMT, the in vivo administration of rIL-7/HGFβ supports the rapid and complete regeneration of the thymus and efficiently reconstitutes the pool of naive T cells having a normally diverse TCR repertoire. The rIL-7/HGFβ hybrid cytokine was significantly more effective quantitatively than was rIL-7 and differed qualitatively in its ability to cross-link c-Met and IL-7Rα and to stimulate the expansion of early thymocyte progenitors and thymic epithelial cells. It also supports the maturation and homeostatic expansion of peripheral T cells. Consequently, the in vivo administration of rIL-7/HGFβ may offer a new approach to preventing and/or correcting post-BMT T cell immune deficiency.