bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Returning to the parental home: Boomerang moves of younger adults and the welfare regime context
Authors: Arundel Rowan , Lennartz Christian
Published: February 2017

Returns to the parental home represent a dramatic housing career interruption that can have significant social and economic implications. Interaction of individual characteristics with turning point shocks, such as unemployment or partnership dissolution, are key triggering events; however, housing disruptions are further embedded within variegated social, cultural and institutional contexts. Fundamental is the nature of the welfare regime, explaining norms surrounding co-residence as well as the amount and type of resources available. Through analyses using the Eurostat Longitudinal Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the research establishes a foundational understanding of how factors at both the individual as well as institutional and socio-cultural level moderate young adults’ housing interruptions across Europe. The results showed a significant welfare regime effect in outcomes of returned co-residence as well as evidence of differentiations across regimes in how individual characteristics and the experience of turning points related to returns. Higher return propensities were found among more familialistic contexts of Southern Europe and New Member States, while lower likelihoods were evident in the face of stronger state support and practices of earlier autonomy in Social Democratic and, to a lesser degree, intermediate Conservative regime contexts.
Peeping at the corpus – What is really going on behind the equality and welfare items of the Manifesto project?
Authors: Horn Alexander , Kevins Anthony , Jensen Carsten , Kersbergen Kees Van
Published: February 2017

The Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) data set quantifies how much parties emphasize certain topics and positions and is very popular in the study of political parties. The data set is also increasingly applied in comparative political economy and welfare state studies that use the welfare-specific items rather than the CMP’s left–right scale to test hypotheses on the impact of political parties on social policies, (in)equality and the welfare state. But do these items provide a valid basis for descriptive and causal inferences? What do the items precisely capture? To answer these questions on concept validity, we use the new manifesto corpus data for German parties 2002–2013 and, to provide a further test, for US parties 2004–2012. Corpus data are the digitalized, originally hand-annotated and coded texts of electoral programmes. We assess the validity of the codings directly at the level of quasi-sentences by re-categorizing and subcategorizing the originally coded statements on equality, social justice and welfare state expansion. Although concept validity concerns about the data seem exaggerated, we find that theoretically relevant and meaningful variation is ‘hidden’ behind the original categories. Hence, our approach allows researchers to assess the substantive meaning of the CMP data directly, and we offer an efficient new strategy for testing more specific hypotheses on the impact of political parties on policy.
Innovations in Community-Based and Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Rice Eric , Petering Robin , Stringfellow Erin , Craddock Jaih B.
Published: February 2017

We present a preliminary theory of innovation in social work science. The focus of the piece is two case studies from our work that illustrate the social nature of innovations in the science of social work. This inductive theory focuses on a concept we refer to as transformative innovation, wherein two sets of individuals who possess different expertise and different network connections come together to solve a problem and in so doing transfer ideas from one network and field of expertise to the other. This transfer of ideas inevitably involves the transformation of ideas, such that the final innovation is something new to both groups of people, and as such innovative.
The Relationship Between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Psychotic Disorder in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Bastiaens Tim , Smits Dirk , De Hert Marc , Thys Erik , Bryon Hendrik , Sweers Kim , Teugels Teresa , Van Looy Joeri , Verwerft Tim , Vanwalleghem Dominique , Van Bouwel Ludi , Claes Laurence
Published: February 2017

Recent studies have successfully investigated the validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. In a final sample of 174 psychiatric patients, the present study examined the relationship between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and syndromal psychosis. Results showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on all PID-5 domains except Antagonism. Discriminant function analysis indicated that lower Detachment, lower Negative Affect, lower Disinhibition, and higher Psychoticism best discriminated patients with a psychotic disorder from patients with other psychiatric conditions. Subsequent stepwise discriminant analysis on all facet scales of the contributing PID-5 domains revealed that higher Unusual Beliefs, lower Depressivity, and lower Distractibility contributed the most to this differentiation. PID-5 Psychoticism scores showed moderate correlations with current psychotic symptoms and were not influenced by dose of antipsychotic medication. Our results support the ability of the PID-5 to discriminate between patients with and without psychotic disorder.
Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Transdiagnostic Predictor of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents
Authors: McEvoy Peter M. , Salmon Karen , Hyett Matthew P. , Jose Paul E. , Gutenbrunner Charlotte , Bryson Kate , Dewhirst Mary
Published: February 2017

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process associated with numerous emotional disorders. Most measures of RNT are disorder-specific, limiting utility in comorbid populations. Transdiagnostic measures of RNT have been developed in adults and are associated with anxiety and depression. However, a transdiagnostic measure is needed to assess RNT in adolescents as a potential vulnerability factor for emotional disorders. This study validates a transdiagnostic measure of RNT—Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire–10 (RTQ-10)—in adolescents ( N = 840, Mage = 15.7 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure. The RTQ-10 manifested good internal consistency and measurement invariance across genders and age. RNT was equally associated with anxiety and depression symptoms irrespective of gender or age. Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlations with disorder-specific measures of RNT. These findings support the RTQ-10 as a reliable and valid transdiagnostic measure of RNT in adolescents.
A Spiritual Question
Authors: Johns R. David
Published: February 2017

The author explores spirituality and counseling through research poetry created from in-depth interviews with nine counselor educators. The purpose of the narrative study was to explore the religious and spiritual lived experiences of counselor educators and to recognize the impact these experiences may have when counselor educators teach and supervise counseling students. Because spiritual and religious values are an integral element of humanity and development, continual analysis and increased competency for counselors and counselor educators is essential to better serve clients. Poetry, distilled from counselor educator responses, provides insight into thoughts and feelings related to religion and spirituality and how those thoughts and feelings foster or inhibit counselor training.
After Wilmington
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: February 2017

In developing brevity as a theme, I am motivated by the question: How can we communicate the most information within the tightest spatial boundaries? Autoethnography seems especially well positioned to take up this question within the communication research tradition, because the boundaries within which we communicate (online and offline as well as individually and collectively) seem to be rigid as ever. This short article hopefully carves out a space where, within the boundaries of a specific moment, there is much to consider inside of a tight spatial window. Space, time, and place exist within a socially constructed communication landscape, and I hope this article motivates a dialogue about where and how and why we communicate as we do.
Recurrence of malignancy-associated venous thromboembolism among patients treated with rivaroxaban compared to enoxaparin
Authors: Nicklaus Megan D , Ludwig Shannon L , Kettle Jacob K
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Although low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) remains the standard of care, factor Xa inhibitors such as rivaroxaban may serve as an alternative treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with active malignancy. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate outcomes of VTE management in cancer patients treated with rivaroxaban compared to enoxaparin.

Methods

This single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with malignancy-associated VTE initiated on treatment with either rivaroxaban or enoxaparin. The primary endpoint was the incidence of recurrent VTE. Secondary outcomes included a comparison in rates of bleeding, mean duration of treatment, and mean time to recurrence of VTE.

Results

A total of 45 patients were included in each group. The incidence of recurrent VTE was 8.9% in the rivaroxaban group versus 13.3% in the enoxaparin group ( p = 0.53). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes with the exception of longer mean duration of treatment in the rivaroxaban group compared to the enoxaparin group (169 vs. 110 days, respectively; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

This study provides important preliminary information regarding the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for treatment of VTE in cancer patients. Although LMWH should remain the standard of care, these results provide initial reassurance that rivaroxaban serves as a viable alternative in the event that injectable anticoagulation is not an acceptable approach to VTE management.
Experience with dasatinib and nilotinib use in pregnancy
Authors: Barkoulas Theodora , Hall Philip D
Published: February 2017

Pregnancy in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia presents a therapeutic challenge. Both dasatinib and nilotinib are indicated for first-line treatment as well as for treatment–resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Animal studies with dasatinib or nilotinib demonstrate fetal skeletal malformations as well as significant mortality during organogenesis. The goal of this article is to review the experience to date of dasatinib and nilotinib in human pregnancy, specifically dasatinib and nilotinib dose, length of exposure, trimester of use, as well as patient and fetal outcomes. Based on the limited data, both dasatinib and nilotinib may cause fetal harm. Additionally, thorough analysis of the available literature indicates no correlation between dasatinib nor nilotinib dose, length of exposure, trimester of use, and deleterious patient or fetal outcomes can be concluded. Therefore, health care professionals need to regularly counsel women of child bearing potential with chronic myeloid leukemia regarding the risks of taking dasatinib or nilotinib during pregnancy. The safest potential therapeutic options for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia in pregnancy include temporary discontinuation of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor followed by observation or intervention with interferon alfa and/or leukapheresis.
Rare incidence of tumor lysis syndrome in metastatic prostate cancer following treatment with docetaxel
Authors: Bhardwaj Sharonlin , Varma Seema
Published: February 2017

Tumor lysis syndrome is a serious and sometimes lethal complication of cancer treatment that is comprised of a set of metabolic disturbances along with clinical manifestations. Initiating chemotherapy in bulky, rapidly proliferating tumors causes rapid cell turnover that in turn releases metabolites into circulation that give rise to metabolic derangements that can be dangerous. This syndrome is usually seen in high-grade hematological malignancies. Less commonly, tumor lysis syndrome can present in solid tumors and even rarely in genitourinary tumors. In this report, the authors describe a specific case of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer following treatment with docetaxel.
The first ‘themed’ British journal of music therapy: An introduction to music therapy with families
Authors: Oldfield Amelia
Published: February 2017

This essay introduces the reader to the subject of music therapy with families and explains how this area of clinical practice has developed as well as seeking to understand why it has evolved in this way. It gives an overview of the current literature on the subject and introduces the content of this Special Edition. Scenes from two current clinical vignettes are described, and clinical material is presented that illustrates emerging trends, theories and characteristics of music therapy with families.
Sex scandals, reputational management, and masculinity under neoliberal conditions
Authors: Apostolidis Paul , Williams Juliet A
Published: February 2017

This article presents political sex scandals as a critical site for understanding contemporary formations of masculinity under conditions of neoliberalism. While media coverage of sex scandals typically revolves around a spectacularized failure of a particular man to live up to an idealized image of masculinity, we contend that sex scandals represent momentary ruptures that lay bare historically specific contradictions of neoliberal masculine subjectivities. These inconsistencies reiterate abiding contradictions in dominant constructions of modern masculinity even as they assume unprecedented forms in today’s technoculture. To make this case, we examine several modern political sex scandals, including those involving Elliot Spitzer, Bob Filner, and Anthony Weiner.
Signaling perversion: Senator David Walsh and the politics of euphemism and dysphemism
Authors: Forstie Clare , Fine Gary Alan
Published: February 2017

Discussions of sexual reputation typically involve hints and innuendos, as sexual behavior often cannot be explicitly addressed in public domains. In this article we explore the role of signaling in the creation of reputation, particularly when reputational claims may not be directly articulated. We describe sexual signals in their reach (who learns of the claim) and through their realm (the transparency of meanings). We focus on the publicity of and response to a dramatic sexuality scandal from the Second World War that alleged that a US senator frequented a gay brothel operated by Nazi spies. This scandal – like others involving hidden sexuality – depended on signaling through the discursive forms of euphemism and dysphemism, requiring bounded subcultural knowledge. Signaling relies on local knowledge, often sheltering the powerful by excluding broader publics. Although we focus on the Walsh case, similar dynamics operate in other scandals involving politicians, government officials, and public figures.
Making sense of discourses of sameness and difference in agency responses to abusive LGB and/or T partners
Authors: Donovan Catherine , Barnes Rebecca
Published: February 2017

The success of recent same-sex marriage campaigns worldwide arguably reflects a shift towards recognising parity between lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or trans (LGB and/or T) and heterosexual relationships, whereby LGB and/or T women and men are credited with the same needs and rights regarding intimacy and family life. This contrasts starkly with previous, and to some extent, continuing, discourses of difference, which either celebrate LGB and/or T distinctiveness, or conversely emphasise difference to preserve heterosexual privilege. This article explores how discourses of sameness and difference are reflected in interview data gathered from 23 practitioners who provide perpetrator interventions primarily for domestically violent and abusive heterosexual men. When reflecting on the suitability of these interventions for abusive LGB and/or T intimate partners, discourses of sameness dominated practitioners’ assumptions about the needs of LGB and/or T perpetrators. Our conclusions problematise this emphasis on sameness and argue that the development of interventions for abusive LGB and/or T intimate partners needs to be informed by more nuanced understandings of both difference and sameness within and across LGB and/or T and heterosexual people’s intimate relationships.
Impacts of colonization on Indigenous Two-Spirit/LGBTQ Canadians’ experiences of migration, mobility and relationship violence
Authors: Ristock Janice , Zoccole Art , Passante Lisa , Potskin Jonathon
Published: February 2017

An exploratory, community-based research project examined the paths of migration and mobility of Canadian Indigenous people who identify as Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and/or queer (LGBTQ). A total of 50 participants in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada were interviewed, many of them telling stories about the multiple layers of domestic violence, violence in communities, state and structural violence that they experienced. In order to better respond to relationship violence experienced by Indigenous Two-Spirit/LGBTQ people it is necessary to understand the specific and historical context of colonization in which relationship violence occurs. We further need to align our efforts to end relationship violence with broader anti-violence struggles.
Challenging cisgenderism through trans people’s narratives of domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Rogers Michaela
Published: February 2017

By drawing on empirical research that explored trans people’s experiences of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), this article problematises the ‘gender asymmetry debate’ in DVA discourse. It does so by highlighting cisgenderism and a heteronormative bias, which have led to the invisibility of a trans perspective. Qualitative data was collected via narrative interviews and this was examined using a voice-centred relational technique. A total of 24 interviews were undertaken with trans people ( n = 15) and domestic abuse practitioners ( n = 9). In relation to the presentation and impact of DVA, and in the context of trans and cisgender people’s abuse experiences, the research findings report both similarities and differences. Four narratives are presented here to illuminate both. This article adds new insight and challenges normative and dominant discourses by promoting the need for further theorising about the gendered nature of domestic violence and abuse.
The Threshold Hypothesis revisited: Bilingual lexical knowledge and non-verbal IQ development
Authors: Daller Michael , Ongun Zehra
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectives:

The threshold hypothesis is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks on the relation between bilingualism and cognition. This hypothesis suggests a bilingual cognitive disadvantage at a low proficiency level and a cognitive advantage at a high proficiency level in both languages. The aim of our study is to contribute to the operationalisation of the threshold hypothesis by analysing parental support for L1 and its influence on the cognitive development of bilingual children.

Data and analysis:

We analyse data from 100 Turkish–English successive bilingual children and from their parents, and investigate the relation between bilingualism and cognition. The data from the children are scores on receptive and productive vocabulary tests and a non-verbal intelligence test (Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices). In addition, the parents filled in a questionnaire on language use at home and a questionnaire on language dominance.

Findings and conclusions:

Our study shows a bilingual advantage for those children whose parents use more L1 at home and have higher dominance scores for L1. These children outperform the monolingual control groups in our study in terms of non-verbal intelligence scores.

Originality:

The originality of the present study resides in the fact that, to our knowledge, for the first time parental support for L1 and dominance in L1 is linked to the cognitive development of the children.

Significance and implications:

In this way, we can operationalise the threshold hypothesis and get further insights in the relation between bilingualism and cognition. This will allow informed decisions on the use and support for L1 in bilingual families.

Limitations:

One limitation of the present study is the fact that our sample is only from middle-class families, and conclusions about other bilingual settings are therefore limited.
Reporting on selective voices of ‘resistance’: Secularism, class and ‘Islamist’ rap
Authors: Moreno-Almeida Cristina
Published: February 2017

Since the 2010–11 popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), rap music has served commentators to channel stories of disenfranchisement and oppression among the region’s youth. Accounts that portray rappers as significant political actors, however, reproduce narratives of ‘resistance’ that focus on opposition to governance but overlook social inequalities. Further, the case studies of two Moroccan rappers illustrate that commentators value criticisms of social inequalities as long as they are not framed with a religious ethos. Terms such as Islamist rap serve to discredit dissent, proving that when it comes to reporting on Moroccan rap, journalists and academics disregard local expressions of grievance more related to class issues than to modes of governance. Through discourse analysis, open-ended interviews and ethnography (2011–15), this article argues for the urgency of listening to important voices of social and political dissent silenced due to a disregard for class biases.
Getting into living rooms: NGO media relations work as strategic practice
Authors: Moon Ruth
Published: February 2017

Research on the publicity strategies of non-governmental organizations suggests that they seek out coverage from the news media. In so doing, they typically adopt traditional news values, thus adapting to the institutional demands of journalism in ways potentially harmful to organizational goals. This study suggests that, while employees do court news coverage through events and strategies designed to capture media attention, they do so strategically. The research presented here draws on institutional theories of organizational behavior to understand the strategic behaviors undertaken. Through participant observation and document analysis of the media relations office at World Vision US, a key player among international development non-governmental organizations, I find evidence that media relations employees engage in strategic practices of bargaining and compliance. These behaviors allow them to work within and beyond given institutional parameters to accomplish organizational goals not aligned with traditional news values.
Angiogenesis as a model for the generation of load-bearing networks
Authors: Klemmt Christoph , Bollinger Klaus
Published: February 2017

This research suggests an algorithm to generate structural networks based on discreet elements for given locations of support points and point loads. Previous research attempted to achieve this by using a computational growth simulation of venation systems, which form the structure of leaves. However, such networks always start from a single point and therefore cannot be used to form arches or beams. In order to generate networks that are based on two or three support points, an algorithm has been developed that is inspired instead by angiogenesis, the process by which vascular systems develop. The algorithm is based on a spring system with a variable network graph that connects the support points and is pulled upwards and split sideways into multiple veins by a given set of load points. The algorithm has been used to grow architectural structures. Different networks have been tested using finite element analysis and compared with both venation and column-and-beam structures. The angiogenesis networks as well as the venation network are shown to perform well and may be suitable as architectural structural systems.
Gamma-tocopherol supplementation ameliorated hyper-inflammatory response during the early cutaneous wound healing in alloxan-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Shin Jihyun , Yang Soo Jin , Lim Yunsook
Published: February 2017

Delayed wound healing is one of the major diabetic complications. During wound healing process, the early inflammatory stage is important for better prognosis. One of antioxidant nutrient, gamma-tocopherol (GT) is considered to regulate inflammatory conditions. This study investigated the effect of GT supplementation on mechanism associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis during early cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by alloxan injection in ICR mice. All mice were divided into three groups: non-diabetic control mice (CON), diabetic control mice (DMC), and diabetic mice supplemented with GT (GT). After two weeks of GT supplementation, excisional wounds were made by biopsy punches (4 mm). Diabetic mice showed increases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, hyper-inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and delayed wound closure rate compared to non-diabetic mice. However, GT supplementation reduced FBG level and accelerated wound closure rate by regulation of inflammatory response-related proteins such as nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and c-reactive protein, and oxidative stress-related markers including nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone1, heme oxygenase-1, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and apoptosis-related markers such as sirtuin-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- α, and p53 in diabetic mice. Taken together, GT would be a potential therapeutic to prevent diabetes-induced delayed wound healing by regulation of inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.

Impact statement

Gamma tocopherol has shown ameliorative effect on diabetic wound healing by regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis demonstrated by nuclear factor kappa B, nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, and sirtuin-1.
The physiology of blood loss and shock: New insights from a human laboratory model of hemorrhage
Authors: Schiller Alicia M , Howard Jeffrey T , Convertino Victor A
Published: February 2017

The ability to quickly diagnose hemorrhagic shock is critical for favorable patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the time course and involvement of the various physiological mechanisms that are active during volume loss and that have the ability to stave off hemodynamic collapse. This review provides new insights about the physiology that underlies blood loss and shock in humans through the development of a simulated model of hemorrhage using lower body negative pressure. In this review, we present controlled experimental results through utilization of the lower body negative pressure human hemorrhage model that provide novel insights on the integration of physiological mechanisms critical to the compensation for volume loss. We provide data obtained from more than 250 human experiments to classify human subjects into two distinct groups: those who have a high tolerance and can compensate well for reduced central blood volume (e.g. hemorrhage) and those with low tolerance with poor capacity to compensate.We include the conceptual introduction of arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow oscillations, reflex-mediated autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, and respiration that function to protect adequate tissue oxygenation through adjustments in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Finally, unique time course data are presented that describe mechanistic events associated with the rapid onset of hemodynamic failure (i.e. decompensatory shock).

Impact Statement

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in both civilian and military trauma. The work submitted in this review is important because it advances the understanding of mechanisms that contribute to the total integrated physiological compensations for inadequate tissue oxygenation (i.e. shock) that arise from hemorrhage. Unlike an animal model, we introduce the utilization of lower body negative pressure as a noninvasive model that allows for the study of progressive reductions in central blood volume similar to those reported during actual hemorrhage in conscious humans to the onset of hemodynamic decompensation (i.e. early phase of decompensatory shock), and is repeatable in the same subject. Understanding the fundamental underlying physiology of human hemorrhage helps to test paradigms of critical care medicine, and identify and develop novel clinical practices and technologies for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics in patients with life-threatening blood loss.
Neonatal Acute Paronychia
Authors: Grome Luke , Borah Gregory
Published: February 2017

Background: Paronychia is defined as infection afflicting the eponychial nail folds of the hand or foot. Such infections are rarely reported in the perinatal age group, and not previously described in a neonate younger than 2 weeks. Trauma resulting in inoculation of the nail fold is the most common predisposing factor to paronychia. Oral trauma in the pediatric population from finger sucking predisposes this population to a different set of bacterial pathogens than adults. Contamination can progress to infection and abscess formation within the nail fold with the most prevalent vector in adult infections being Staphylococcus aureus. Comparatively, mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections tend to afflict children with oral soothing habits. Methods: This is a case report will present the rare occurrence of a paronychia in a neonate caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The management and treatment strategies for paronychia in this atypical neonatal patient consisted of incision and drainage and antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Neonates with oral self-soothing behaviors may be more at risk for developing paronychia of mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections. Initial therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanate or clindamycin is suggested. Incision and drainage in the perinatal setting coupled with antibiotics is curative.
Three-dimensional numerical investigation of dendritic self-organizational structure growth on a nanopost surface
Authors: Hsu Hua-Yi , Lin Bo-Ting , Hsu You-Ren
Published: February 2017

Nanopost arrays are generally used in applications of reflection gratings and in changing material surface wettability. Nanopost arrays can be used as a passive component to induce dendritic self-organized hierarchical architectures. In this study, through the use of a phase-field model, we performed a three-dimensional numerical simulation to demonstrate that nanopost structures affect the expanding speed of the surface of a dendritic self-organized structure in the growing path of a hierarchical structure. Additionally, we demonstrated that the nanopost array arrangement on the surface changed the hierarchical structure branching. Finally, introducing an externally applied force to the system enabled the use of a nanopost as an active component. Nanopost surroundings were determined to significantly affect the final distribution of dendritic structures and induce hierarchical structures after an external force was introduced to the system.
Viewing team selection through a temporal lens
Authors: Pinto Jonathan
Published: February 2017

This paper builds synthesized coherence (Locke & Golden-Biddle, 1997) across disciplines such as organizational behavior, personnel psychology, entrepreneurship, project management, and strategic management by developing a temporal team selection framework that delineates three temporal team selection processes (i.e., simultaneous selection, sequential selection, and substitution selection). Of these three processes, sequential selection, which could either be constraint-driven or coevolution-driven, is a new conceptualization. This framework speaks to the broader research stream on membership dynamics, and therefore its key constructs such as arithmetic of membership change (Arrow & McGrath, 1993) and temporal patterning of membership change (Arrow & McGrath, 1993) have been systematically applied to the temporal team selection processes. Finally, the implications of this theorizing for both research and practice are discussed.
Increased mortality from complications of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Parikh Raj , Varghese Benson , Khatoon Huma N. , Kovach Julie A. , Kavinsky Clifford J. , Tandon Rajive
Published: February 2017

Aortic stenosis (AS) leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricle (RV) failure. Our goal was to describe mortality related to postoperative complications in PH patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Ninety‐three TAVR patients were analyzed (controls, sPAP < 50 mmHg; cases, sPAP ≥ 50 mmHg). Significant findings in cases included increased mortality (365 days), post‐TAVR atrioventricular block (AVB) and acute kidney injury (AKI), and increased mean length of stay (LOS). This novel study highlights complications of PH as independent risk factors for death and significant morbidity post TAVR. Optimization of preoperative volume status and RV afterload reduction, while addressing AVB and AKI, may play a vital role in reducing mortality and LOS.
The KRESCENT Program (2005-2015)
Authors: Burns Kevin D. , Levin Adeera , Fowler Elisabeth , Butcher Leah , Turcotte Marc , Makarchuk Mary-Jo , Macaluso Benoît , Larivière Vincent , Sherman Philip M.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The Kidney Research Scientist Core Education and National Training (KRESCENT) Program was launched in 2005 to enhance kidney research capacity in Canada and foster knowledge translation across the 4 themes of health research.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of KRESCENT on its major objectives and on the careers of trainees after its first 10 years.

Methods:

An online survey of trainees (n = 53) who had completed or were enrolled in KRESCENT was conducted in 2015. Information was also obtained from curriculum vitae (CVs). A bibliometric analysis assessed scientific productivity, collaboration, and impact in comparison with unsuccessful applicants to KRESCENT over the same period. The analysis included a comparison of Canadian with international kidney research metrics from 2000 to 2014.

Results:

Thirty-nine KRESCENT trainees completed the survey (74%), and 44 trainees (83%) submitted CVs. KRESCENT trainees had a high success rate at obtaining grant funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; 79%), and 76% of Post-Doctoral Fellows received academic appointments at the Assistant Professor level within 8 months of completing training. The majority of trainees reported that KRESCENT had contributed significantly to their success in securing CIHR funding (90%), and to the creation of knowledge (93%) and development of new methodologies (50%). Bibliometric analysis revealed a small but steady decline in total international kidney research output from 2000 to 2014, as a percentage of all health research, although overall impact of kidney research in Canada increased from 2000-2005 to 2009-2014 compared with other countries. KRESCENT trainees demonstrated increased productivity, multiauthored papers, impact, and international collaborations after their training, compared with nonfunded applicants.

Conclusions:

The KRESCENT Program has fostered kidney research career development and contributed to increased capacity, productivity, and collaboration. To further enhance knowledge creation and translation in kidney research in Canada, programs such as KRESCENT should be sustained via long-term funding partnerships.
Decreased axial coracoid inclination angle is associated with rotator cuff tears
Authors: Torrens Carlos , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Sanchez Juan Francisco , Isart Anna , Santana Fernando
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

Coracoid morphology has been related to coracoid impingement mainly resulting in anterior shoulder pain aggravated by forward flexion and internal rotation. However, the coracoid process morphology can also affect the inclination of the coracoacromial ligament and subsequently the subacromial space in the same way that acromial slope does. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the coracoid body–glenoid surface, coracoid tip–glenoid surface, and coracoid body–coracoid tip angles (coracoid inclination angles) on rotator cuff tears (RCTs).

Methods:

Fifty patients with documented RCT and 50 patients with normal rotator cuff (control) were included. The coracoid inclination angles were determined in both groups by measuring on computed tomography scans the angle created by the coracoid body and the glenoid surface (A1), the angle created by the coracoid tip and the glenoid surface (A2), and the angle created by the coracoid body and the coracoid tip (A3).

Results:

All angles were significantly lower in the RCT group compared to the control group: mean A1 angle of 49.7° and 54.61°, respectively ( p = 0.011); mean A2 angle of 76.45° and 93.6°, respectively ( p < 0.001); and mean A3 angle of 132.33° and 144.34°, respectively ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Decreased coracoid body–glenoid surface, coracoid tip–glenoid surface, and coracoid body–coracoid tip angles are associated with RCT. Decreased angles may reduce subacromial space by projecting the coracoacromial ligament more vertically.
Early results of patellofemoral inlay resurfacing arthroplasty using the HemiCap Wave prosthesis
Authors: Patel Akash , Haider Zakir , Anand Amarjit , Spicer Dominic
Published: February 2017

Background:

Common surgical treatment options for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis include arthroscopic procedures, total knee replacement and patellofemoral replacement. The HemiCap Wave patellofemoral resurfacing prosthesis is a novel inlay design introduced in 2009 with scarce published data on its functional outcomes. We aim to prospectively evaluate early functional outcomes and complications, for patients undergoing a novel inlay resurfacing arthroplasty for isolated patellofemoral arthrosis in an independent centre.

Methods:

From 2010 to 2013, 16 consecutive patients underwent patellofemoral resurfacing procedures using HemiCap Wave (Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, Massachusetts, USA) for anterior knee pain with confirmed radiologically and/or arthroscopically isolated severe patellofemoral arthrosis. Standardized surgical technique, as recommended by the implant manufacturer, was followed. Outcome measures included range of movement, functional knee scores (Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Short Form-36 (SF-36)), radiographic disease progression, revision rates and complications.

Results:

Eight men and eight women underwent patellofemoral HemiCap Wave resurfacing, with an average age of 63 years (range: 46–83). Average follow-up was 24.1 months (6–34). Overall, post-operative scores were excellent. There was a statistically significant improvement in the post-operative OKS, KOOS and SF-36 scores ( p < 0.01). One patient had radiological disease progression. One patient underwent revision for deep infection. Two other minor complications were observed and treated conservatively.

Conclusions:

The HemiCap Wave patellofemoral resurfacing prosthesis has excellent early results in terms of functional outcomes, radiological outcomes and low complication rates. At the very least, early results show that the HemiCap Wave is comparable to more established onlay prostheses. The HemiCap Wave thus provides a safe and effective surgical option in the treatment of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis in selected patients.
Return to Play After Forearm and Hand Injuries in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Morse Kyle W. , Hearns Krystle A. , Carlson Michelle Gerwin
Published: February 2017

Background:

Hand injuries can result in significant time away from competition for professional basketball players. Time to return to play after hand injuries in elite athletes has not been well described.

Purpose:

To report the return to play from metacarpal fractures, phalangeal fractures, and thumb ligament tears in National Basketball Association (NBA) players over a 5-year period.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The NBA transaction report was analyzed from January 2009 to May 2014. Players were identified if they were added to the inactive list (IL), missed games due to their injury, or underwent surgery as a result of hand injury. Number of games missed due to injury, days spent on the IL, and age at injury were calculated by injury type and location.

Results:

One hundred thirty-seven injuries were identified: 39 injuries to the hand and 98 injuries to the finger. Three major injury patterns were identified and analyzed: metacarpal fractures (n = 26), phalangeal fractures (n = 33), and thumb ligament tears (n = 9). The type of injury sustained affected return to play ( P < .05). All thumb ligament tears required surgery and had the longest return to play of 67.5 ± 17.7 days ( P < .05). The return to play for surgically treated metacarpal fractures (56.7 ± 26.3 days) was significantly greater than nonsurgically treated metacarpal fractures (26.3 ± 12.1 days; P < .01). Return to play for surgically repaired phalangeal fractures (46.2 ± 10.8 days) trended greater but was not significantly different than phalangeal fractures treated nonsurgically (33.3 ± 28.5 days; P = .21).

Conclusion:

Hand injuries in professional basketball players can lead to prolonged periods of time away from competition, especially after surgery. This study provides guidelines on expected return to play in the NBA after these common hand injuries.
Effects of Acute Confinement Stress-induced Hypothalamic-pituitary Adrenal Axis Activation and Concomitant Peripheral and Central Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Measures in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Coplan Jeremy D. , Gopinath Srinath , Abdallah Chadi G. , Margolis Jeffrey , Chen Wei , Scharf Bruce A. , Rosenblum Leonard A. , Batuman Olcay A. , Smith Eric L. P.
Published: February 2017

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and neuroprotective properties. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system exert bidirectional influences on each other, via cortisol and TGF-β1, but the exact nature of the interaction is not well characterized. The current study examined the effects, in bonnet macaques ( Macaca radiata), of two consecutive acute confinement stress periods in an unfamiliar room while mildly restrained, first without and then with dexamethasone pretreatment (0.01 mg/kg intramuscular). Preceding the confinement studies, a non-stress control condition obtained contemporaneous levels of cortisol and TGF-β1 in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid to match the confinement stress studies. Subjects were reared under either normative or variable foraging demand conditions. Since there were no rearing effects at baseline or for any of the conditions tested—either for cortisol or TGF-β—the study analyses were conducted on the combined rearing groups. The stress condition increased both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cortisol levels whereas dexamethasone pretreatment decreased cortisol concentrations to below baseline levels despite stress. The stress condition decreased TGF-β1 concentrations only in cerebrospinal fluid but not in serum. Together, the data suggested that stress-induced reductions of a centrally active neuroprotective cytokine occur in the face of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, potentially facilitating glucocortoid-induced neurotoxicity. Stress-induced reductions of neuroprotective cytokines prompt exploration of protective measures against glucocorticoid-induced neurotoxicity.
A SCALE-UP Mock-Up: Comparison of Student Learning Gains in High- and Low-Tech Active-Learning Environments
Authors: Soneral Paula A. G. , Wyse Sara A.
Published: February 2017

Student-centered learning environments with upside-down pedagogies (SCALE-UP) are widely implemented at institutions across the country, and learning gains from these classrooms have been well documented. This study investigates the specific design feature(s) of the SCALE-UP classroom most conducive to teaching and learning. Using pilot survey data from instructors and students to prioritize the most salient SCALE-UP classroom features, we created a low-tech “Mock-up” version of this classroom and tested the impact of these features on student learning, attitudes, and satisfaction using a quasi-­experimental setup. The same instructor taught two sections of an introductory biology course in the SCALE-UP and Mock-up rooms. Although students in both sections were equivalent in terms of gender, grade point average, incoming ACT, and drop/fail/withdraw rate, the Mock-up classroom enrolled significantly more freshmen. Controlling for class standing, multiple regression modeling revealed no significant differences in exam, in-class, preclass, and Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Concept Inventory scores between the SCALE-UP and Mock-up classrooms. Thematic analysis of student comments highlighted that collaboration and whiteboards enhanced the learning experience, but technology was not important. Student satisfaction and attitudes were comparable. These results suggest that the benefits of a SCALE-UP experience can be achieved at lower cost without technology features.
Comparison of diagnostic performance of Two-Question Screen and 15 depression screening instruments for older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsoi Kelvin K. F. , Chan Joyce Y. C. , Hirai Hoyee W. , Wong Samuel Y. S.
Published: February 2017

Background

Screening for depression in older adults is recommended.

Aims

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Two-Question Screen for older adults and compare it with other screening instruments for depression.

Method

We undertook a literature search for studies assessing the diagnostic performance of depression screening instruments in older adults. Combined diagnostic accuracy including sensitivity and specificity were the primary outcomes. Potential risks of bias and the quality of studies were also assessed.

Results

A total of 46506 participants from 132 studies were identified evaluating 16 screening instruments. The majority of studies (63/132) used various versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and 6 used the Two-Question Screen. The combined sensitivity and specificity for the Two-Question Screen were 91.8% (95% CI 85.2–95.6) and 67.7% (95% CI 58.1–76.0), respectively; the diagnostic performance area under the curve (AUC) was 90%. The Two-Question Screen showed comparable performance with other instruments, including clinician-rated scales. The One-Question Screen showed the lowest diagnostic performance with an AUC of 78%. In subgroup analysis, the Two-Question Screen also had good diagnostic performance in screening for major depressive disorder.

Conclusions

The Two-Question Screen is a simple and short instrument for depression screening. Its diagnostic performance is comparable with other instruments and, therefore, it would be favourable to use it for older adult screening programmes.