bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially structured optical effects in semiconductor quantum dots via biexciton coherence
Authors: Batoo K M , Al-Dolaimy F , Zaid M , Sharif H , Rasen F A , Hussain S , Mohsen K S , Kareem S H , Alawadi A H , Alsaalamy A
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the spatially structured optical effects that occur when weak laser lights interact with coherently prepared semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs). Initially, the SQD is prepared in a coherent superposition of the lower exciton states. By utilizing two weak optical vortex fields that couple to a biexciton state, we observe spatially dependent effects of the absorption of probe fields. Using the well-established Maxwell–Bloch equations, we analyze the generation of composite optical vortex beams within this system. Our investigation revolves around the formation of different types of spatially dependent beams, exploring their properties and characteristics. Additionally, the transfer of optical vortices through the parametric generation process is examined, for the case where only one vortex beam is present at the beginning of the medium. This study provides insights into the spatially structured optical phenomena in coherently prepared SQDs and contributes to the understanding of light–matter interactions in such systems.
Quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase and rutile polymorphs in binary mixtures by Raman spectroscopy: an interlaboratory comparison
Authors: Sacco Alessio , Mandrile Luisa , Tay Li-Lin , Itoh Nobuyasu , Raj Ankit , Moure Alberto , Del Campo Adolfo , Fernandez Jose F , Paton Keith R , Wood Sebastian , Kwon Hyuksang , Adel Tehseen , Hight Walker Angela R , Martins Ferreira Erlon Henrique , Theissmann Ralf , Koch Thomas , Giovannozzi Andrea Mario , Portesi Chiara , Rossi Andrea Mario
Published: September 2023

This article presents an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) on Raman spectroscopy as a technique for relative quantification of the two most common polymorphs of titanium dioxide (TiO2)—anatase and rutile—in binary mixtures. Some standard methods are currently employed internationally for the determination of TiO2 content in samples (ISO 591-1, ASTM D3720-90), but require extensive sample preparation, do not distinguish between the two polymorphs or are accurate only for small fractions of either polymorph. Raman spectroscopy is a well-suited characterization technique for measuring and differentiating TiO2 in a fast, non-invasive way, while requiring no particular reagent or sample preparation. Eleven international participants conducted the study under the framework of Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards. The collected data was analyzed by means of partial least squares regression after spectral preprocessing. The resulting models all show discrepancies of lower than 2% from the nominal values in the quantitative analysis over the concentration range of 5%–95% mixture fractions, with many datasets showing substantial improvement margins on this figure. The results of this ILC provide validation of Raman spectroscopy as a reliable method for quantification of TiO2 phases.
BrainWave-Scattering Net: a lightweight network for EEG-based motor imagery recognition
Authors: Barmpas Konstantinos , Panagakis Yannis , Adamos Dimitrios A , Laskaris Nikolaos , Zafeiriou Stefanos
Published: September 2023

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable a direct communication of the brain with the external world, using one’s neural activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG) signals. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used to perform automatic feature extraction and classification in various EEG-based tasks. However, their undeniable benefits are counterbalanced by the lack of interpretability properties as well as the inability to perform sufficiently when only limited amount of training data is available. Approach. In this work, we introduce a novel, lightweight, fully-learnable neural network architecture that relies on Gabor filters to delocalize EEG signal information into scattering decomposition paths along frequency and slow-varying temporal modulations. Main results. We utilize our network in two distinct modeling settings, for building either a generic (training across subjects) or a personalized (training within a subject) classifier. Significance. In both cases, using two different publicly available datasets and one in-house collected dataset, we demonstrate high performance for our model with considerably less number of trainable parameters as well as shorter training time compared to other state-of-the-art deep architectures. Moreover, our network demonstrates enhanced interpretability properties emerging at the level of the temporal filtering operation and enables us to train efficient personalized BCI models with limited amount of training data.
Technology to solve global problems: an emerging consensus for green industrial policy?
Authors: Victor David G , Carlton Emily K
Published: September 2023

Even as most mainstream policy analysts support the idea of active industrial policy to create new green industries and cut carbon pollution, important dissenting voices still question whether government intervention is possible without extreme waste. We suggest that many of today’s debates, which echo debates of the 1970s, need updating to reflect the reality that a lot has been learned about where and how government can pursue effective industrial policy. The more transformative the goals, the harder it is to know which policies, technologies and business models will work, and the greater the need for ‘experimental’ approaches to policy that put uncertainty as the centerpiece. Creating industrial transformation in the context of deep uncertainty is the central challenge for industrial policy. Solving this problem requires not just attention to policy design and industrial response but also possible reforms to the institutions that design and implement policies. Today’s policy institutions, like today’s firms, are mostly organized for the current industrial system—not necessarily the future.
Variability of spring ecosystem water use efficiency in Northeast Asia and its linkage to the Polar-Eurasia pattern
Authors: Xin Ning , Zhou Botao , Chen Haishan , Sun Shanlei
Published: September 2023

Given that water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator to measure the trade-off between carbon uptake and water consumption within the ecosystem, better understanding the variation of ecosystem WUE and related driving factors is of great interest. In this study, the variability of spring ecosystem WUE in Northeast Asia (NEA) was investigated. The results show that its primary mode exhibits a monosign variation. This mode is directly controlled by the variability of gross primary productivity. The climate conditions also play remarkable roles, featuring that warm surface air temperature (high soil moisture) favors enhanced ecosystem WUE in northern (southern) NEA. Further analysis reveals that the Polar-Eurasia (POL) pattern can significantly impact the variability of spring ecosystem WUE in NEA through changing surface air temperature and soil moisture. When the POL pattern lies in the positive phase during spring, anticyclonic circulation anomalies with an equivalent barotropic structure prevail over northern NEA, concurrent with anomalous easterlies over southern NEA and a weakening of the East Asian jet (EAJ). Accordingly, anomalous downward motion is introduced over northern NEA, resulting in higher surface air temperature which is beneficial for the increase of local ecosystem WUE. Meanwhile, the easterly anomalies help to increase water vapor transport into southern NEA and the weakened EAJ can induce anomalous ascending over southern NEA, favoring the increase of precipitation and hence soil moisture, which consequently enhances the ecosystem WUE in southern NEA.
Numerical approach for the optimal design of dewatering schemes for deep foundation pits
Authors: Si T T , Tan N N , Long T T , Đ Dậu T
Published: September 2023

In recent years, underground spaces have expanded widely in the urban zone. The appropriate estimation number of dewatering well with economical costs and securing soil stability at construction sites is challenging in designing pumping schemes. This paper aims to present the numerical approach for the optimal number of wells for designing a dewatering deep foundation pit. First, the estimated hydraulic conductivity was selected among the Theis, Cooper-Jacod, and reverse groundwater modeling methods. The estimated hydraulic conductivity via reverse groundwater modeling shows the lowest error with the monitoring pumping test. Second, hydraulic conductivity was input to groundwater modeling to estimate the groundwater level of four pumping schemes with the same total pumping rate (20 wells, 17 wells, 14 wells, and 13 wells). The number of wells was optimal from four random pumping schemes concerning the cost and the drawdown outside the pit. As a result, the pumping scheme with 16 wells is suitable, satisfying the cost and safety outside the drawdown of the foundation pit. The numerical approach could apply to estimate the number of wells for dewatering projects with economic costs and less impact on surrounding construction sites.
Reimagining coastal public space: The case study of Da Nang city, Viet Nam
Authors: Linh Dang Ngoc Thao , Son Truong Ngoc
Published: September 2023

Public space has been at the core of urban studies with the meaning of control element in any city planning. The benefit is clearly indispensable for maintaining urban productivity, social cohesion and inclusion, civic identity and quality of life. However, in the context of competing market forces and commercial interests dominating cities’ planning agendas, planning for coastal public space tends to be for economic gain rather than supporting residents’ social needs. This article examines the physical condition of coastal public space, how it is used, and what economic role it plays in city planning regarding tourism development. A comparative analysis of different coastal recreation spaces in Da Nang, Viet Nam is used to create public space design concepts emphasizing the distribution of spatial structure and to different group users. This research defines a future vision of coastal public space development in line with striking a balance between economic needs and the complexities of public space distribution in emerging development cities. Findings can contribute to creating public space design concepts emphasizing the distribution of spatial structure to different group users.
Contamination of microplastics in mangrove sediment cores from Lach Huyen area, Hai Phong city, Vietnam
Authors: Linh Le Thi Khanh , Duong Hoang Anh , Duc Truong Huu , Tue Nguyen Tai , Dung Luu Viet
Published: September 2023

Microplastics have been found in coastal ecosystems since the 1970s, causing many negative impacts on the environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study, we examined the microplastic concentration and sediment grain size in mangrove sediment cores near Lach Huyen Port, Hai Phong city, Vietnam. The microplastic concentration in mangrove sediments varied from 0-3150 particles/kg with an average value of 1309.1±124.8 particles/kg, much higher than in similar regions worldwide. They are mainly secondary microplastics with various colors and sizes. The microplastic types include 80% of microfibers and the rest is a mixture of microfoam, microfragment, and microfilm. Research results showed that the concentration of microplastics tends to decrease from top to bottom of the sediment cores. However, the present study did not find any relationship between sediment grain size and microplastic abundance. Future studies should assess the pollution sources, factors influencing microplastic distribution, and the effects of microplastic contamination on coastal ecosystems in this area.
Status assessment and solutions to improve the efficiency of the aerobic process in seafood wastewater treatment: Case study in Da Nang fisheries service industrial park
Authors: Thuy Phan Thi Kim , Quan Tran Ha , Quang Tran Van
Published: September 2023

This research presents the current status and solutions to improve the efficiency of the aerobic process in seafood wastewater treatment in the Da Nang fisheries service industrial park. The assessment included: (1) After pre-treatment, wastewater from seafood processing plants has a high concentration of organic matter and nutrients. The concentration of nutrients by N-NH4
+ in the influence of biological reactors fluctuates over a large range from 106.5-475.3mg/l with a low ratio of BOD5/N-NH4
+ (1.85-5.17). The ratio of C/N in the influence of the aerobic reactors is lower than 5, which causes the process’s instability. Therefore, it is fairly difficult to maintain the quality of treated water to meet discharge standards. (2) The environmental conditions of the aerobic process in biological reactors are not guaranteed. The concentration of operational activated sludge is 2-3 times higher than the recommended value. The aerobic process is operated with a low organic loading rate of 0.049-0.152gBOD5/gMLVSS.day; 0.073-0.183gCOD/g MLVSS.day; (3) In order to reach organic matter and nutrient values that satisfy column B-QCVN 11-MT:2015/BTNM, some suggestions are: (i) Adjusting the operating MLVSS concentration of 2.5-3.5g/l combined with ensuring environmental conditions of aerobic process in biological reactors; (ii) Operating parameters: HRT ≥ 8h; F/M: 0.25-0.35gCOD/gMLVSS.day (or 0.86-1.04gCOD/m3.day).
Air emission inventory and air quality modelling for developing countries: A case of Vinh Phuc province, Vietnam
Authors: Quynh Pham Huong , Van Do Thi Cam , Viet Vu Nguyen , Mai Chu Tuong , Anh Pham Nguyet , Oanh Le Thi Kim , Bang Ho Quoc
Published: September 2023

Vinh Phuc is a province in the Northern Key Economic Region with a developed industry, a high population rate, and a relatively high traffic density. Along with economic growth, environmental protection in general, and air quality improvement in particular are two challenges that Vinh Phuc authorities must identify in the coming years. To do so, total emission load data must be acquired in order to establish a pollution distribution map for the entire Vinh Phuc province. The paper’s aim is to provide: (i) air emissions inventory, and (ii) the application of the model to build a map of pollution distribution in Vinh Phuc province. Different methods are used in this study, including (i) emission inventory utilizing both bottom-up and top-down techniques [1], (ii) air quality simulation applying the Finite Volume Model - Transport and Air Pollution Model [2] (FVM-TAPOM), and (iii) other approaches such as interview method, statistical tool, geographic information system (GIS), expert method, etc. According to research findings, motorbikes account for more than 90% of the concentration of pollutants for traffic activities. Iron and steel industries has the highest emission among 15 industries and straw burning activities account for more than 70% of total area source emissions. An emissions distribution map for traffic and industry sources was developed based on air quality simulation which showed that Vinh Yen city has the highest emissions among 09 districts and cities in Vinh Phuc province. The study also identified the causes of air pollution in Vinh Phuc province, providing remedies for the management agency to release plans and activities to minimize Vinh Phuc province emissions and ensure the local community’s air quality and health.
Factors controlling groundwater Arsenic concentration in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nhan Pham Quy , Trung Dang Tran , Khai Ha Quang
Published: September 2023

The Red River Delta (RRD) has a high population density with about 19 million inhabitants. Water supply is from surface water and groundwater resources, in which surface water is from rivers and groundwater is mainly taken from aquifers in Quaternary sediments. Last two-decade research’s results show that groundwater in some areas in the RRD are contaminated with high elevated levels of Arsenic. Many research studies investigating Arsenic pollution have found that concentrations in water samples surveyed in Hung Yen, Hanoi, Ha Nam etc exceed the permissible value for domestic use as WHO guideline and Vietnam standard as well. The key factors controlling the distribution of Arsenic in the groundwater from previous studies are formation environment, sedimentary facies, sedimentary age, salinity of pore water and even neo-tectonic activity. However, which factor is more important for controlling groundwater arsenic distribution in the RRD need to be clarified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the degree of controlling factors on the distribution of Arsenic in groundwater in the RRD. An overview of previous studies on the origin of Arsenic in groundwater is the first step to analyse the factors affecting the distribution of Arsenic in groundwater. A method of superposition of the controlling factors on the basis of ArcGIS was applied. Each controlling factor was classified and assigned a certain value. The weights of the factors were determined based on expert opinions and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method. The results of model calibration based on the current distribution of Arsenic concentration map of the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers allow confirming the reliability of the weights of controlling factors. Research results show that the groundwater Arsenic concentration in the RRD depends mainly on the distribution of Holocene alluvium and its age. The remaining factors are very insignificant in this case.
Monitoring of nature-based solution for stabilizing eroded muddy coastline of the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand
Authors: Charoenlerkthawin W , Bidorn K , Panneerselvam B , Sriariyawat A , Otarawanna S , Bidorn B
Published: September 2023

The Chao Phraya Delta (CPD), Thailand’s largest delta and low-lying muddy coast, has experienced shoreline recession for over six decades due to relative sea-level rise. A nature-based solution, bamboo fences, widely used in low-lying tropical areas, have been intensely applied along the CPD coastline during the last two decades. This study evaluated the effectiveness of bamboo fences in protecting eroded CPD coastlines using remote sensing data (aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and LiDAR observation data). Results from this study indicate that the effectiveness of bamboo fences in trapping sediment decreased over time due to the deterioration of bamboo, which generally deteriorates within four years. Additionally, the installation of multiple layers of bamboo fences did not directly increase the effectiveness of the structure in stabilizing the CPD coastline. It was also found that the mangrove shoreline can be successfully regenerated in the CPD coast where the seabed is higher than 0.5 m amsl. Because of the short life of the bamboo fences, the bamboo fence may not be the best solution for coastal protection and sustainable coastal management in a low-lying area with a high rate of shoreline recession and a low rate of sedimentation.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Flow in a Tunnel Drying Kiln System
Authors: Tran Viet Tan , Nguyen Duong Khoa , Dang Nguyen Thanh , Le Khoi Ngoc Minh , Duong Yen Hoang Phi , Le Tan Minh
Published: September 2023

In the present study, we conduct the numerical simulation for a large-scale tunnel drying kiln in a brick factory performance by Ansys Fluent software. The airflow in the dryer was simulated by three-dimensional turbulence model with a domain of tunnel drying kiln is solved for appropriate boundary conditions. The velocity and temperature distribution of the dryer using the Realizable k–ε model. The CFD model is used to simulate the steady stage heat transfer and airflow within the dryer. In addition, the the meshing method for the dryer was investigated and show the influences on both air temperature distribution and air velocity distribution inside the dryer. From the simulation, the highest and the lowest temperature are 1025 K and 670 K respectively.
Heterogeneous Fenton treatment of actual textile and dyeing wastewater by α-Cu-FeOOH nanomaterial
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Thi Ngoc Diem Doan , Phan Phuoc Toan , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Thich Le Tri , Thi Cam Tien Nguyen , Thi Quynh Anh Nguyen , Padungthon Surapol , Nguyen Nhat Huy
Published: September 2023

This work reports the successful synthesis and application of α-Cu-FeOOH in heterogeneous Fenton treatment of actual textile dyeing wastewater. The material characteristics were analyzed by SEM, EDX, BET, FTIR, and XRD methods. In heterogeneous Fenton tests, the highest TOC and color removal efficiencies were found to be 46.88 and 37.98%, respectively, in the suitable conditions of Cu/Fe molar ratio = 5%, [H2O2] = 0.1 M, [α-Cu-FeOOH] = 0.6 g/L, pH = 7, and after 60 min. The values of color and TOC after treatment well met the discharge standard for textile dyeing wastewater (QCVN 13:2015/BTNMT, Column B). The presence of copper in the material enhanced the activation of H2O2 in heterogeneous Fenton reactions under neutral environments. Therefore, α-Cu-FeOOH material has great potential for practical application in textile wastewater treatment with an initial color of 185.6 mg/L and TOC concentration of 72.54 mg/L.
Integration of a numerical model in curvilinear coordinates with sand mining component for bottom morphology simulation
Authors: Kim T T , Huy N D Q , Phuoc N V , Phung N K , Bay N T
Published: September 2023

Numerical models for calculating bottom morphology are increasingly popular because of their long-term forecasting capabilities as well as their ability to identify causes. However, the simulation of bottom morphology, in addition to natural factors, is also governed by economic activities, especially sand mining. In this paper, we propose the development of the numerical model in curvilinear coordinates combined with a sand mining component that simulates the bottom morphology of the Tien river segment in the Mekong Delta as a study area. The modeling theory relies on the Reynolds equation system, which is combined with the suspended sediment transport equation in a two-dimensional curvilinear coordinate system. The process of averaging is performed over the depth. The suspended sediment transport equation incorporates a source function that describes the upward or downward movement of particles. In the model for bottom morphology, a component for sand mining is included, which accounts for the rate at which sand is extracted from the riverbed. This component is integrated into the equation governing the continuity of the bed load. The findings demonstrate that the numerical model effectively captures the changes in the river’s bottom morphology resulting from sand mining. Specifically, when the sand mining component is employed, the model accurately represents the actual development of the bottom morphology in river segments where sand mining occurs. Furthermore, the downstream bed alterations are significantly influenced by sand mining activities. By incorporating the sand mining component into the model, it becomes a valuable tool for simulating the bottom morphology in river segments subjected to sand mining, thus aiding in sand mining planning and the management of disaster risks associated with bank erosion.
A study on the applicability of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on soil-sand stabilization through the bio-cementation process
Authors: Huynh Nguyen Ngoc Tri , Huyen Nguyen Pham Huong , Truong Ho Van , Son Nguyen Khanh
Published: September 2023

Soft or loose sandy soils, particularly in ground slopes and high rainfall zones, are potentially dangerous and have caused many problems such as damage, landfall, or even erosion. Bio-cementation through bacterial mineralization can be considered a “green” and “eco-friendly” solution toward sustainable development. Urelytical bacteria that decompose urea for calcium carbonate precipitation were selected as the primary agent for the bio-cementation process. This study clarifies the effects of particle sizes on bio-cementation. Moreover, the Vietnam isolated species and the commercial one were investigated to compare the biomineralization capability. A simulated rainfall model was set up to evaluate the sand samples by the water prevention and erosion and wash-out tests. Also, the microstructure observations were conducted through optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and phase composition analysis.
Potency of coconut water as raw material for biodegradable plastics
Authors: Barlina Rindengan , Liwu Suzanne , Wungkana Jerry , Alouw Jelfina C.
Published: September 2023

Plastics have contributed to global greenhouse gas emissions as the main cause of climate change. Coconut water has the potential as a good raw material for developing biodegradable plastics, an environmentally friendly alternative. About 22% of the coconut fruit component is coconut water. Based on the conversion results using Indonesian tall coconut varieties, in every coconut processing that produces 1 ton of copra, the by-product of coconut water is 1,158 liters. If coconut water is not used and only thrown away, it will affect the surrounding environment. With the help of Acetobacter xylinum bacteria, saccharose in coconut water is converted into glucose and fructose. A. xylinum has the ability to form cellulose through a coconut water fermentation process called biocellulose (bacterial cellulose). Bacterial cellulose has the same chemical structure as cellulose derived from plants, but bacterial cellulose has advantages, including high purity, high tensile strength, and elasticity. The global Biodegradable Plastics market in 2019 was around USD 3.4 billion and is expected to grow by 13% with a value of USD 8 billion in 2026. Biodegradable plastic made from coconut water has an impact on increasing added value while maintaining environmental sustainability.
Evaluation of low-cost protein substitutes in adult diet of Apertochrysa astur Banks (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Chalapathi Rao N B V , Neeraja B , Govardhan Rao V , Ramani BS
Published: September 2023

The exotic rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW),Aleurodicus rugioperculatusemerged as an important pest on plantation crops, especially coconut. Among the various natural enemies, the predatorApertochrysa asturwas found to be highly promising against RSW due to its amenability for mass production in the laboratory. As part of standardization of adult feed diet of this predator the diet comprising honey, Protein X, glucose, coconut pollen and yeast was found to be most suitable in the development of theA. asturadults and recorded superior biological parameters, especially in fecundity, larval hatching, larval pupation, male and female longevity and hatching too. Among the various protein substitutes evaluated instead of Protein X in the adult feed diet ofA. asturgreen gram, bengal gram and horse gram recorded parameters on fecundity, larval, pupal survival and adult emergence equivalent to Protein X included diet in F0and F1generations thereby providing scope in reduction of production cost of the predator.
Planting Techniques for Climate Resilient and Perceptible Economic Benefits of the Distributed Malayan Yellow Dwarf Coconut Seedlings by the Anambra State Government
Authors: Obianefo Chukwujekwu A. , Okoroji Nma O. , Forster Ezenwa I. , Shah Zahoor A.
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses the plantation techniques and perceptible economic benefits of the Anambra State Government’s distributed Malayan Yellow Dwarf coconut seedlings. Through the distributed seedlings, the government seeks to ensure climate resilience and economic benefits for its people. Data was collected from a cross-section of 384 respondents randomly selected to represent the entire population. The study revealed the recommended planting techniques disseminated as trimming and dressing the seedlings to prepare for planting, ploughing the land to encourage aeration, 6.5 meters apart planting space, and digging a 2-square foot depth, among others. The study also found that 73.2% of the sample is moderately aware of these recommended techniques and that the awareness was determined by gender, educational level, agricultural experience, and household size. The respondents had positive feelings about the investment by the government, and it was recommended that policymakers should intensify efforts to populate the State with high-yielding coconuts that are likely to start producing in the next 3 – 4 years as a way of repositioning the State revenue generation.
Microstructure and properties of plasma cladding Ni-based alloy coated on 40Cr Surface
Authors: Xun Qiwen , Liu Yanhui , Pan Zengren , Wu Ying
Published: September 2023

Three Ni-based alloys (Ni60, Ni65, Ni60W) were selected to be coated on the surface of 40Cr and 20 steel. The microstructure, phase composition and elemental distribution of the coatings were characterised respectively to discuss the effects of different substrates, cladding materials, and processes. The corrosion and thermal fatigue behaviour of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the coatings prepared by plasma cladding have a dense microstructure with few defects and a white bright band of a certain thickness was formed between the coating and the substrate. The white bright band between the coating prepared by flame spraying and the substrate was not obvious. The main phase compositions of the coatings are Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36 and FeNi3 phases, with the W2C phase also present in the Ni60W coating. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the coating is influenced by the coating preparing processes, substrate material and process state of substrates: the size of the HAZ of the plasma cladded coating is smaller than that of the flame sprayed coating, the HAZ of the 40Cr substrate is smaller than that of the 20 steel, and the HAZ of the tempered 40Cr substrate is smaller than that of the annealed 40Cr substrate. The Ni-based alloy coating can effectively improve the surface hardness of the substrate. The Ni65 alloy powder is the most effective (HV0.5992), followed by the Ni60W alloy powder (HV0.5798) and finally the Ni60 alloy powder (HV0.5712). The Ni65 alloy coating has the relatively best thermal fatigue properties, followed by the Ni60W alloy coating and the Ni60 alloy coating is the relatively worst. At the same time, the corrosion resistance of different Ni-based alloy coatings is consistent with the thermal fatigue properties of the coatings.
UV-converted heterogeneous wettability surface for the realization of printed micro-scale conductive circuits
Authors: Shui Ke , Fang Yuxiao , Li Zerui , Wang Zhenguo , Jiang Subin , Yin Ni , Chen Qi , Guo Feng-Qi , Zhao Jian-Wen , Lin Jian , Ma Chang-Qi
Published: September 2023

Achieving high precision in the fabrication of electronic circuits through additive manufacturing requires breaking the resolution limit of traditional printing processes. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel approach that involves preparing a heterogeneous wetting surface using a light-sensitive NBE-acrylate resin. By creating differences in surface energy on the substrate, we can limit the spread of the ink and surpass the limitations of conventional processes, achieving a printing resolution of 5 μm. The NBE-acrylate resin can be cross-linked under white LED light illumination (with λ > 400 nm) to yield a hydrophobic surface, which can be converted to a hydrophilic surface by UV light illumination (λ = 254 nm). The photochemical reaction of the NBE-acrylate resin under different light irradiation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) microforce measurements. In combination with a photomask, patterned heterogeneous wettability surfaces were prepared, which can be utilized for printing precision electronic circuits. Micrometer-scale printed circuits with a low line-to-space (L/S) of 5/50 and 10/10 μm were successfully achieved by optimizing the ink formulation, which is significantly beyond the printing resolution. In the end, fully printed thin film transistor arrays based on semi-conducting carbon nanotubes were achieved, which showed higher charge carrier mobilities of 1.89–4.31 cm2 s−1 V−1 depending on the channel width, demonstrating the application of this precision printed technique.
Simple framework for systematic high-fidelity gate operations
Authors: Rimbach-Russ Maximilian , Philips Stephan G J , Xue Xiao , Vandersypen Lieven M K
Published: September 2023

Semiconductor spin qubits demonstrated single-qubit gates with fidelities up to

99.9
%

benchmarked in the single-qubit subspace. However, tomographic characterizations reveal non-negligible crosstalk errors in a larger space. Additionally, it was long thought that the two-qubit gate performance is limited by charge noise, which couples to the qubits via the exchange interaction. Here, we show that coherent error sources such as a limited bandwidth of the control signals, diabaticity errors, microwave crosstalk, and non-linear transfer functions can equally limit the fidelity. We report a simple theoretical framework for pulse optimization that relates erroneous dynamics to spectral concentration problems and allows for the reuse of existing signal shaping methods on a larger set of gate operations. We apply this framework to common gate operations for spin qubits and show that simple pulse shaping techniques can significantly improve the performance of these gate operations in the presence of such coherent error sources. The methods presented in the paper were used to demonstrate two-qubit gate fidelities with

F
>
99.5
%

in Xue et al (2022 Nature
601 343). We also find that single and two-qubit gates can be optimized using the same pulse shape. We use analytic derivations and numerical simulations to arrive at predicted gate fidelities greater than 99.9% with duration less than,

4

/

(
Δ

E
z

)

where

Δ

E
z

is the difference in qubit frequencies.
Interactive association between insomnia symptoms and sleep duration for the risk of dementia—a prospective study in the Swedish National March Cohort
Authors: Tan Xiao , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lagerros Ylva Trolle , Åkerstedt Anna Miley , Bellocco Rino , Adami Hans-Olov , Ye Weimin , Pei Jin-Jing , Wang Hui-Xin
Published: September 2023

Objective

Given the importance of sleep in maintaining neurocognitive health, both sleep duration and quality might be component causes of dementia. However, the possible role of insomnia symptoms as risk factors for dementia remain uncertain.

Methods

We prospectively studied 22,078 participants in the Swedish National March Cohort who were free from dementia and stroke at baseline. Occurrence of dementia was documented by national registers during a median follow-up period of 19.2 years. Insomnia symptoms and sleep duration were ascertained by Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Compared to participants without insomnia at baseline, those who reported any insomnia symptom experienced a greater incidence of dementia during follow-up (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35). Difficulty initiating sleep versus non-insomnia (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.52), but not difficulty maintaining sleep or early morning awakening was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of dementia (6 h vs. 8 h, HR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11–1.51; 5 h vs. 8 h, HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00–1.57). Stratified analyses suggested that insomnia symptoms increased the risk of dementia only amongst participants with ≥7 h sleep (vs. non-insomnia HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00–1.54, P = 0.05), but not amongst short sleepers (<7 h). Short sleep duration also did not further inflate the risk of dementia amongst insomniacs.

Conclusion

Insomnia and short sleep duration increase the risk of dementia amongst middle-aged to older adults.
Infectious complications among patients receiving ibrutinib for the treatment of hematological malignancies
Authors: Tham Kenneth , Prelewicz Stacy , deHoll Sara , Stephens Deborah M , Gomez Carlos A
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Ibrutinib is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat multiple hematologic malignancies and graft-versus-host disease. Though less myelosuppressive than cytotoxic chemotherapy, increased infections, including invasive fungal infections (IFIs), have been reported with ibrutinib use. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and risk factors for infection associated with ibrutinib at our institution.

Methods

Patients who received ibrutinib between June 2014 and August 2019 were included. Primary endpoints were the incidence of any infection and the incidence of serious infection (defined as hospitalization, parenteral antimicrobial therapy, or pneumonia regardless of hospitalization). Infection risk factors were assessed using logistic regression.

Results

One hundred thirty-two patients were identified (78% male; median age, 71 years). The most common indications for ibrutinib were chronic lymphocytic leukemia (67%) and mantle cell lymphoma (12%). Infection and serious infection occurred in 94 (71%) and 47 (36%) patients, respectively; when pneumonia was excluded as a criterion for serious infection, the serious infection rate was 27%. The median time from ibrutinib initiation to first infection was 125 days. Prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.22-17.4) and corticosteroid use (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.52-20.3) were significant risk factors for serious infection. IFIs were diagnosed in 7 patients (5%): 5 had Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and 2 were infected with invasive molds.

Conclusion

Serious infection and IFI rates are high but similar to those previously described. Risk factors for serious infection included allo-HSCT and corticosteroid use. Targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis should be evaluated in prospective studies in patients on ibrutinib to reduce serious infections and IFI.
miR-146b-5p downregulates IRAK1 and ADAM19 to suppress trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and migration in miscarriage
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Li Xueyu , Tan Xuemei , Deng Lingjie , Zhong Linlin , Wei Changqiang , Ruan Heyun , Lu Yebin , Pang Lihong
Published: September 2023

A large proportion of miscarriages are classified as unexplained miscarriages since no cause is identified. No reliable biomarkers or treatments are available for these pregnancy losses. While our transcriptomic sequencing has revealed substantial upregulation of miR-146b-5p in unexplained miscarriage villous tissues, its role and associated molecular processes have yet to be fully characterized. Our work revealed that relative to samples from normal pregnancy, miR-146b-5p was significantly elevated in villous tissues from unexplained miscarriage patients and displayed promising diagnostic potential. Moreover, miR-146b-5p agomir contributed to higher rates of embryonic resorption in ICR mice. When overexpressed in HTR-8/SVneo cells, miR-146b-5p attenuated the proliferative, invasive, and migratory activity of these cells while suppressing the expression of MMP9 and immune inflammation-associated cytokines, including IL1B, IL11, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CXCL12. Conversely, inhibition of its expression enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Mechanistically, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19 were identified as miR-146b-5p targets regulating trophoblast function, and silencing IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 had similar effects as miR-146b-5p overexpression, while IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 overexpression could partially reverse the inhibitory impact of this microRNA on trophoblasts. miR-146b-5p may inhibit trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion, and implantation-associated inflammation by downregulating IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19, participating in the pathogenesis of miscarriage and providing a critical biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for unexplained miscarriage.
Characterization of TNSALP expression, localization, and activity in ovine utero-placental tissues
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Newton Makenzie G , Moses Robyn M , Sah Nirvay , Suva Larry J , Gaddy Dana , Bazer Fuller W
Published: September 2023

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP; encoded by ALPL gene) has a critical role in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis postnatally. However, the utero-placental expression of TNSALP and the role in phosphate transport in pregnancy is poorly understood. Estrous cycles of ewes were synchronized, and ewes were euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 1, 9, or 14 of the estrous cycle or bred to fertile rams and euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 9, 12, 17, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, or 125 of pregnancy. The expression of ALPL mRNA, immunolocalization of TNSALP protein, and quantification and localization of TNSALP enzymatic activity was performed on ovine endometria and placentomes. Day of the estrous cycle did not alter ALPL mRNA expression or enzymatic activity of TNSALP. TNSALP protein localized to uterine epithelial and stromal cells, blood vessels, myometrium, caruncular, and cotyledonary stroma. TNSALP activity was localized to uterine epithelia, blood vessels, caruncular stroma (from Day 70 of gestation), and the apical surface of chorionic epithelia (from Day 50 of gestation). TNSALP protein and activity localized to the apical surface of uterine epithelia during the estrous cycle and in early pregnancy. Endometrial TNSALP enzymatic activity was downregulated on Days 17 and 30 of gestation (P < 0.05). Expression of ALPL mRNA decreased in late gestation in endometria and placentomes (P < 0.05). TNSALP activity peaked in placentomes on Days 70 and 90 of gestation. Collectively, these results suggest a potential role of TNSALP in the regulation of phosphate transport and homeostasis at the maternal–conceptus interface in ruminants.
Educating Young People about Vulnerability to Sexual Exploitation: Safeguarding Practitioners’ Standpoints at the Intersections of Gender, Sexuality and Risk
Authors: Mythen Gabe , Weston Samantha
Published: September 2023

This article discusses findings from a qualitative study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) awareness-raising programme targeted at young people. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with practitioners involved in a multi-agency team established to reduce vulnerability to CSE, we elucidate that, in addition to being directed by professional codes, practitioners’ perceptions and judgements were also influenced by gendered assumptions and underlying anxieties about childhood sexuality. The empirical data presented suggest that attitudes towards young people and intervention decisions are partially steered by cultural values that connect not only to personal morals but also influence decisions made in conjunction with professional risk analytic frameworks. Our analysis indicates that broader investigation of the commingling of personal and professional values in safeguarding contexts is required, alongside the creation of protected spaces for professional reflection and dialogue amongst practitioners to support decision-making.
Social Workers in Socio-Legal Collaborations: Re-Asserting a Pivotal Role of Influence and Leadership
Authors: Davidson Jennifer , Hall Georgia , Rose David
Published: September 2023

Current legal discourse puts forward socio-legal collaborations, integrated social work and legal practice and medical/legal partnerships as innovations from the legal sector aimed at resolving clients’ intertwined legal and social issues. In doing so it has generalised and diminished the specific contribution in these programmes of highly skilled social work staff. This article sets out a study of Australian socio-legal collaborations to re-establish the significant contribution made by social workers in this sector. It argues that social workers are the dominant social service profession and provide integral practice and leadership contributions. It argues that further research in Australia and internationally is required to support social work to stand in leadership alongside lawyers, not only in these programmes but also in the discourse and sector that surrounds them.
Small interfering RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis
Authors: Gargano Giuseppe , Asparago Giovanni , Spiezia Filippo , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola
Published: September 2023

Background

Osteoporosis results in reduced bone mass and consequent bone fragility. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used for therapeutic purposes, as molecular targets or as useful markers to test new therapies.

Sources of data

A systematic search of different databases to May 2023 was performed to define the role of siRNAs in osteoporosis therapy. Fourteen suitable studies were identified.

Areas of agreement

SiRNAs may be useful in studying metabolic processes in osteoporosis and identify possible therapeutic targets for novel drug therapies.

Areas of controversy

The metabolic processes of osteoporosis are regulated by many genes and cytokines that can be targeted by siRNAs. However, it is not easy to predict whether the in vitro responses of the studied siRNAs and drugs are applicable in vivo.

Growing points

Metabolic processes can be affected by the effect of gene dysregulation mediated by siRNAs on various growth factors.

Areas timely for developing research

Despite the predictability of pharmacological response of siRNA in vitro, similar responses cannot be expected in vivo.
Associations between maternal chronic diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in offspring: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chou Hsin-Hsu , Chen Chih-Chia , Tsai Ching-Fang , Kuo Pao-Lin , Chiou Yuan-Yow
Published: September 2023

Background

The relationship between maternal chronic diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) in offspring still needs elucidation. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the associations between maternal chronic disease and CAKUT in their offspring.

Methods

Data of mothers and children were extracted from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database and National Health Insurance Research Database. The concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) was used to select maternal chronic diseases.

Results

The study cohort included 1 196 175 mothers and 1 628 706 offspring. Analysis showed that maternal chronic diseases, especially type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, connective tissue disorders and CAKUT were highly associated with CAKUT in the offspring. Higher maternal age, abnormal birthweight (>3500 g or <2500 g), gestational age <36 weeks and birth order <2 were all associated with a higher risk of CAKUT. Maternal chronic hypertension and taking angiotensin-related drugs increased the odds ratios of obstructive kidney disease in the offspring. Offspring tended to have the same type of CAKUT as their mothers.

Conclusion

Maternal chronic diseases, older maternal age and abnormal birthweight are risk factors for CAKUT. Also, a percentage of patients with CAKUT were not full-term newborns. Results support prenatal counselling and health management of pregnant women with chronic diseases and extra care for infants with a high risk of anomalies. It is strongly recommended that prevention of CAKUT in offspring should start with care of the mothers’ prenatal chronic diseases.