bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ernst Kris
Authors: Thompson Nellie L.
Published: September 2011

In 1956, the year before his death, Ernst Kris published a trilogy of papers on memory—”The Personal Myth,” “On Some Vicissitudes of Insight in Psychoanalysis,” and “The Recovery of Childhood Memories”—and was planning to publish a monograph on the subject. In his papers on memory, by juxtaposing his clinical work with adult patients and his research on very young children, Kris sketched a trajectory of the dynamic relationship between preoedipal ego development and object relations, against the backdrop of psychosexual stages and the defenses that mediate memory. Kris was firmly committed to the premise that “the development of ego functions and object relations . . . are of equal and intrinsic importance.” This paper explores how Kris’s papers on memory may also be read as delineating his thinking on the role of object relations in infants and young children. In his last paper, the posthumously published “Decline and Recovery in the Life of a Three-Year-Old” (1962), his interest in ego development and object relations shifts to object relations, but the role of memory remains crucial. The paper concludes with some observations about the omissions and distortions that characterize how the history of psychoanalysis is recalled, orally transmitted, and written.
Measuring Child Rhythm
Authors: Payne Elinor , Post Brechtje , Astruc Lluïsa , Prieto Pilar , Vanrell Maria del Mar
Published: September 2011

Interval-based rhythm metrics were applied to the speech of English, Catalan and Spanish 2, 4 and 6 year-olds, and compared with the (adult-directed) speech of their mothers. Results reveal that child speech does not fall into a well-defined rhythmic class: for all three languages, it is more ‘vocalic’ (higher %V) than adult speech and has a tendency towards lower variability (when normalized for speech rate) in vocalic interval duration. Consonantal interval variability, however, is higher in child speech, particularly for younger children. Nevertheless, despite the identification of common, cross-linguistic patterns in child speech, the emergence of language-specific rhythmic indices is also clearly observable, even in the speech of 2 year-olds.
The Role of Fundamental Frequency in Phonetic Accommodation
Authors: Babel Molly , Bulatov Dasha
Published: September 2011

Previous research has argued that fundamental frequency is a critical component of phonetic accommodation. We tested this hypothesis in an auditory naming task with two conditions. Participants in an Unfiltered Condition completed an auditory naming task with a single male model talker. A second group of participants was assigned to a Filtered Condition where the same stimuli had been high-pass filtered at 300 Hz, thereby eliminating the fundamental frequency. Acoustic analysis of f0 revealed that participants assigned to the Unfiltered Condition imitated the pitch of the model talker more than those assigned to the Filtered Condition. Although accommodation was statistically significant, the effect was small, so we followed with a perception study to examine listeners’ abilities to detect differences in accommodation across conditions. Shadowed tokens from participants in the Unfiltered Condition were indeed judged by listeners to be more similar to the model talker’s productions that those from participants in the Filtered Condition. However, acoustic measurements and listener judgments of accommodation were not significantly correlated, enforcing the intuitive concept that accommodation and listeners’ judgments of similarity are holistic and do not hone in on singular features in the acoustic signal.
Language Universals and Misidentification: A Two-way Street
Authors: Berent Iris , Lennertz Tracy , Balaban Evan
Published: September 2011

Certain ill-formed phonological structures are systematically under-represented across languages and misidentified by human listeners. It is currently unclear whether this results from grammatical phonological knowledge that actively recodes ill-formed structures, or from difficulty with their phonetic encoding. To examine this question, we gauge the effect of two types of tasks on the identification of onset clusters that are unattested in an individual’s language. One type calls attention to global phonological structure by eliciting a syllable count (e.g., does medif include one syllable or two?). A second set of tasks promotes attention to local phonetic detail by requiring the detection of specific segments (e.g., does medif include an e?). Results from five experiments show that, when participants attend to global phonological structure, ill-formed onsets are misidentified (e.g., mdif→ medif) relative to better-formed ones (e.g., mlif). In contrast, when people attend to local phonetic detail, they identify ill-formed onsets as well as better-formed ones, and they are highly sensitive to non-distinctive phonetic cues. These findings suggest that misidentifications reflect active recoding based on broad phonological knowledge, rather than passive failures to extract acoustic surface forms. Although the perceptual interface could shape such knowledge, the relationship between language and misidentification is a two-way street.
Effects of ultrasound on the flow field in molten steel and solidification structure
Authors: Kong Wei , Cang Da-qiang
Published: September 2011

This research was based on FLUENT (a Computational Fluid Dynamics software). The handling process of molten steel with ultrasonic treatment was simulated by inserting volume force into the Navier–Stokes (N-S) momentum equation, and volume force was calculated through programming a User-defined Function. Accordingly, with ultrasonic treatment at constant temperature (1843 K), the flow of liquid steel was driven by a main whirlpool and its maximum velocity was 0.259 m s−1, conforming to the data in previous literature. The best characteristic insertion depth was 0.056. Moreover, conditions of other virtual force were calculated. The coupling phenomenon between the temperature field and the flow field was explained. The corresponding contrast test was carried out. Some simulation results were proved by the contrast test. The porosity of steel with ultrasonic treatment was reduced when held at 1843 K. With ultrasonic treatment, the equiaxed crystal ratio of steel increased, its grain was refined and its porosity was reduced more obviously during the initial stage of solidification.
“Heterodox Religiousness” in Today’s Russia: Results of an Empirical Study
Authors: Belyaev Demyan
Published: September 2011

The author presents a selection of important results from a new representative population survey on the attitudes and experiences with various forms of heterodox (also sometimes called non-institutionalised, “eclectic” or “esoteric”) religiousness, conducted in the Russian Federation in 2006 – the first survey in this country to have focused specifically on this kind of religiousness. The author shows that heterodox religiousness appears to have become the dominant form of religiousness in contemporary Russia and involves a larger proportion of the population than traditional Christian religiousness.
Téléprédication et port du voile en Tunisie
Authors: Ben Salem Maryam , Gauthier François
Published: September 2011

The newly widespread and highly popular presence of Islamic TV-preaching on Arab satellite channels has accompanied the re-composition of religious practice in the Arab and Muslim world, becoming the primary means of religious transmission. The authors define and illustrate the re-composition in terms of personal ethics and identity affirmation, which are implied by this new mode of marketing strategy in a Tunisian society already shaped by the global market economy and its consumer ethos. On the basis of an empirical study consisting of participant observation and interviews with 48 veiled Tunisian women, the authors propose two religious ideal-types, corresponding to two different interpretations of mega-star TV-preacher Amr Khaled’s preachings and two different types of religiosity, which are the express of different ways of legitimizing the wearing of the Muslim veil.
Consuming the Self: New Spirituality as “Mystified Consumption”
Authors: Dawson Andrew
Published: September 2011

Using the analytical lens provided by late-modern social theorists (e.g. Bauman, Beck, Bourdieu and Giddens), the author explores the hermeneutical value of regarding particular forms of new religiosity/spirituality as typically commoditized expressions of contemporary consumer society. Regarded as modes of self-assertion, new spiritualities are first held to promote the cosmic aggrandizement of the late-modern self. Second, new spiritualities may be seen as discontinuous with certain contemporary dynamics and, thereby, to comprise a reflexively orchestrated rejection of modern consumer society. Synthesizing these opposites, it is argued that new religiosities neither wholly affirm nor entirely reject late-modern society and might best be regarded as forms of “mystified consumption”.
Boom économique et déclin des pratiques religieuses en Irlande: quand le tigre celtique dévore le sens
Authors: Matte Isabelle
Published: September 2011

Ireland’s Celtic Tiger years are a spectacular example of the passage from a traditional society to one where the market becomes the new reference point. That sociological mutation took place during the economic boom of 1995–2005, when a whole new generation, born during the Irish baby-boom of the 1970s and 1980s, experienced their coming of age. It is within that period that the major religious/economic change took place, making Ireland’s Celtic Tiger a fascinating anthropological case study for the passage from traditional modalities of life to consumerist ones. The culture shock felt by the author when returning to the field after the economic boom becomes the core of the comprehension of that passage: that culture shock informs the anthropologist looking at the profound religious mutation that propelled the market to become the transcendent reference, while the Catholic Church of Ireland was losing power and social meaning and significance.
Religious Socialization and Church Attendance in the Netherlands from 1983 to 2007: a Panel Study
Authors: Vermeer Paul , Janssen Jacques , De Hart Joep
Published: September 2011

The authors explore the effect of a religious upbringing on church attendance later in life. To this purpose, people who had been interviewed in 1983 as secondary students about their upbringing as well as other characteristics, were interviewed again in 2007 about the same topics. Comparisons between the 1983 and the 2007 data reveal that church attendance dropped significantly among these people during this period. Furthermore, it is shown that a religious upbringing is not a good predictor of church attendance later in life. These conclusions apply to Protestants and Catholics alike, as separate analyses for Catholics, Dutch Reformed and Re-Reformed reveal.
Metallization of inert polyethylene terephthalate textile materials: Wet-chemical silvering with natural and synthetic polyamine, part I
Authors: Onggar Toty , Cheng Tong , Hund Hieke , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri
Published: September 2011

The wet-chemical functionalization and modification of the inert textile fiber surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was metalized by using natural and synthetic polyamine with new coating procedures. The developed wet-chemical procedures in this research are based on the use of short- and long-chain amines, which consist of at least two amine groups, and which are well-suited to form a silver diamine complex. The silvered PET was coated by cationic silver. After the chemical reduction, the cationic silver turns into metallic particles on the surface of PET.

The surface morphology, that is, homogeneity of the layer, cracking, casing, and the fiber surface with metallic silver particles was determined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particle size, as well as the layer thickness, was calculated by the SIS program. The adhesion characterization of the applied silver layers on the PET was tested by a washing fastness check.
Ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid; Part I – Effect of laminating sequence
Authors: Park Jong Lyoul , Yoon Byung Il , Paik Jong Gyu , Kang Tae Jin
Published: September 2011

The objective of this research was to characterize the ballistic performance of p-aramid fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) focusing on the laminating sequence of the layers. A panel of all neat Kevlar fabrics and two hybrid panels of neat and STF impregnated Kevlar fabrics were tested against 9 mm bullets at 436 m/s for body armor application. When the STF impregnated fabrics were laminated behind the neat Kevlar layers (N/S-panel), the backface signature decreased compared to the panel of all neat fabrics (N-panel) and the hybrid panel with neat Kevlar layers placed on the backside of the panel (S/N-panel). The enhanced ballistic performance of the N/S-panel was assumed to be due to the synchronized (or coupled) elongation of the facing yarns in the frontal layers and those in the following rear layers during the impact. Analysis was carried out, by adapting the method of accumulating successive line segments, to present the energy dissipation route of each panel during the impact.
A new method in fabric drape measurement and analysis of the drape formation process
Authors: Al-Gaadi Bidour , Göktepe Fatma , Halász Marianna
Published: September 2011

In this paper we present the Sylvie three-dimensional (3D) Drape Tester, developed for fabric drape measurements, and its special auxiliary device that exerts dynamical impact on fabrics during draping. In addition, a new draping characteristic, namely the Drape Unevenness Factor, was defined to describe the evenness of the shape of draped textile material numerically. Three special cotton fabrics were woven exclusively for this work. The three fabrics differ only in the twist direction of their weft yarns. The effect of twist directions in woven fabrics and the influence of the applied dynamical impact on drape test results were analyzed. Based on the test results, we also analyze the process of drape formation, offering proposals for modification of fabric behavior models to contribute to better fabric simulations.
The shyness of God: Recovering a strand of Anglican theology
Authors: England Frank
Published: September 2011

In the midst of the current dissension within the Anglican Communion, this article invokes the ‘shyness of God’ as an impetus to pursue and maintain dialogue, and also appeals for more attention to be given to the arts of speaking and listening.
A mediating model of relational aggression, narcissistic orientations, guilt feelings, and perceived classroom norms
Authors: Onishi Ayako , Kawabata Yoshito , Kurokawa Masayuki , Yoshida Toshikazu
Published: September 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between narcissistic orientations (grandiose sense of self-importance, interpersonal exploitation, and narcissistic rage) and relational aggression (self-satisfactory and punishment type) and the mediating effects of guilt feelings toward and perceived classroom norms against relational aggression. The sample consisted of 240 5th-grade and 6th-grade students (10- to 12-years-old) from two public elementary schools and 307 7th-, 8th-, and 9th-grade students (12- to 15-years-old) from two public middle schools in Japan. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that narcissistic rage was positively associated with relational aggression (punishment type). Moreover, interpersonal exploitation was related to more relational aggression (self-satisfactory and punishment type); however, guilt feelings toward and perceived classroom norms against relational aggression mediated this association. Age and gender did not largely affect these effects. Social and developmental processes involving relational aggression, narcissistic orientations, and guilt feelings and perceived classroom norms were discussed.
Effects of an Individualized Caregiver Training Intervention on Self-Efficacy of Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Hendrix Cristina C. , Landerman Richard , Abernethy Amy P.
Published: September 2011

Caring for older cancer patients after hospital discharge is challenging and many of their caregivers lack confidence to do so. This study investigated the effects of an individualized caregiver training program on self-efficacy in home care and symptom management. A total of 120 patient–caregiver dyads were randomly assigned to either the treatment ( n = 60) or control group ( n = 60). The training focused on prevention of infection, pain control, maintenance of nutrition and adequate elimination, and specific care issues identified by the caregiver. Control group received information about community-based resources. Results revealed a significant increase in self-efficacy after the training in the treatment group but not in the control group. No intervention effect was seen on caregiver’s psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, and quality of life) and patient’s physical symptoms.
Relationship benefits: Conceptualization and measurement in a business-to-business environment
Authors: Kelly Stephen , Scott Don
Published: September 2011

This article offers both a conceptually valid measure of the relationship benefits derived from the relationship marketing, networks, services marketing and strategy literature and demonstrates the concept’s effect on business-to-business bonds. Four types of relationship benefit labelled cost, service, flexibility and image benefits are identified and their measures tested for reliability and validity. A structural model incorporating associations between a second-order relationship benefits construct and other salient relationship concepts is also tested, with significant direct associations between relationship benefits, trust and relationship investments evident, together with indirect associations between relationship benefits and instrumental, affective and normative commitment, absence of conflict, acquiescence, satisfaction and switching. The article calls for further refinement of the concept and evaluation of its associations in other contexts and in light of noted shortcomings in the literature.
Modern Retailers in Transition Economies
Authors: Maruyama Masayoshi , Trung Le Viet
Published: September 2011

This article reports the findings of a study on modern domestic retailers in Vietnam. The authors based this study on (1) a survey of fifty-six firms that control almost all the modern retail format stores in Vietnam, (2) in-depth interviews with chief executive officers (CEOs) and government officials, and (3) store visits and observations that were carried out by the authors. The authors discuss the operation and retail renovations of local modern retailers, the structure and the background of competitors, the problems retailers face, and their prospects for future development. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of modern retailers in Vietnam and have significant implications for policy makers as well as for local and foreign retailers.
Human Trafficking Law and Social Structures
Authors: Wooditch Alese
Published: September 2011

Human trafficking has only recently emerged at the forefront of policy reform, even in developed nations. Yet, heightened awareness of the issue has not translated into effective policy as the majority of nations have ineffective antitrafficking practices; many countries have failed to criminalize human trafficking, whereas others do not actively enforce statutes in place. By applying Black’s theory of law, this study offers a preliminary understanding into the variation of global prosecutorial efforts in human trafficking and adequacy of antitrafficking law. To isolate this relationship, the effects of trafficking markets are controlled. As with prior research, the study finds limited support for the theory. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications of the quantity of antitrafficking law and morphology association for policy development.
A Comparison of Rape and Molest Offenders in Prison Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Young Myla H. , Justice Jerald , Erdberg Philip
Published: September 2011

Differences in offense history, brain functioning, and psychological functioning of rape ( n = 45) and molest offenders ( n = 15) who were receiving psychiatric treatment while in prison were evaluated. Significant differences were found in each of these domains. Rape offenders were more likely to have histories of high violence offenses other than sexual offense, including murder, serious juvenile offenses, and both juvenile and adult sexual offenses. Rape offenders were more likely to show lower intellectual functioning and diffuse brain dysfunction associated predominantly with temporal and prefrontal brain cortices. Rape offenders were also more likely to display psychological functioning associated with illogical thinking and disordered attachment but less immature self-focus and fewer feelings of alienation than demonstrated by molest offenders. Implications for treatment and social policy for sexual offenders are suggested. Logistic regression demonstrated that these neuropsychological measures resulted in 71.7% accurate prediction and Rorschach measures resulted in 79.2% accurate prediction in differentiating rape from molest offenders. Implications for theoretical understanding of sexual offending are discussed.
Parole Officers’ Experiences of the Symptoms of Secondary Trauma in the Supervision of Sex Offenders
Authors: Severson Margaret , Pettus-Davis Carrie
Published: September 2011

The work of parole officers who supervise sex offenders rarely comes to the public’s attention unless something goes wrong. Research suggests that those providing postrelease supervision of convicted sex offenders likely experience trauma as a result of their work and that little support is available to respond to their emotional needs. This manuscript explores parole officers’ and parole officer supervisors’ experiences of the symptoms of secondary trauma, defined as the emotional and cognitive experiences of hearing stories that recount one or more traumatic events. The qualitative study described here builds on existing literature by providing a detailed exploration, presented in their own words, of the experiences of specialist parole officers, about how they cope with the symptoms of secondary trauma, and about what they need to help them continue to do the job that the public and the politic want done well. Recognizing and understanding the symptoms of secondary trauma among supervising officers have important implications for maintaining a healthy workforce and for providing effective management of sex offenders in the community.
Toward Needs Profiles of Shelter-Based Abused Women
Authors: Jonker Irene E. , Sijbrandij Marit , Wolf Judith R. L. M.
Published: September 2011

Shelter-based abused women report a variety of needs across different domains (e.g., housing, finances, relationships, health, safety, and empowerment). This diversity of needs underscores the necessity for different types of services. In the current study, the authors constructed profiles of Dutch shelter-based abused women ( N = 218) based on their reported needs. Further, the authors compared their needs profiles with respect to sociodemographic and social–economic characteristics, abuse type, symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general life satisfaction, social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the attuning of the shelter services to the needs reported. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified four needs profiles: a High Needs class, a Practical Needs class, an Empowerment Needs class, and a Low Needs class. The classes differed with respect to migration, mental health, well-being variables, and the attuning of care needs. The results of this study underline the necessity for specifically tailored interventions for these four subgroups in women’s shelters.
Why Can’t a Family Business Be More Like a Nonfamily Business?
Authors: Stewart Alex , Hitt Michael A.
Published: September 2011

The authors survey arguments that family firms should behave more like nonfamily firms and “professionalize.” Despite the apparent advantages of this transition, many family firms fail to do so or do so only partially. The authors reflect on why this might be so, and the range of possible modes of professionalization. They derive six ideal types: (a) minimally professional family firms; (b) wealth dispensing, private family firms; (c) entrepreneurially operated family firms; (d) entrepreneurial family business groups; (e) pseudoprofessional, public family firms; and (f) hybrid professional family firms. The authors conclude with suggestions for further research that is attentive to such variation.
Institutional features of inter-municipal cooperation: Cooperative arrangements and their national contexts
Authors: Hulst J.R. (Rudie) , van Montfort A.J.G.M. (André)
Published: September 2011

Inter-municipal co-operation is a widespread phenomenon throughout Europe. But in spite of its wide spread, inter-municipal co-operation has not been subject to systematic comparative research. This article presents some of the findings of a joint research project concerning inter-municipal co-operation in a series of European countries. A comparative analysis shows that inter-municipal co-operation comes in all shapes and sizes. Nevertheless it is possible to distinguish four basic types of co-operation: quasi-regional governments, planning forums, service delivery organizations and service delivery agreements. Research shows that the national institutional context to a large extent explains the presence or absence of the different types in a country.
Numerical simulation of angular injection of hydrogen fuel in scramjet combustor
Authors: Chandra Murty M S R , Chakraborty D
Published: September 2011

Angular injection of hydrogen fuel in a scramjet combustor is explored numerically. Three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with turbulence and combustion models are solved using commercial computational fluid dynamics software. Both infinitely fast kinetics and single-step finite rate H2–air kinetics are used to find out the effect of chemical kinetics in the thermochemical behaviour of the flow field. Grid independence of the results is demonstrated and gridconvergence index-based error estimate provided. k- ω turbulence model performs better, in comparison to k– ϵ and shear stress transport models, in predicting the surface pressure. Single-step finite rate chemistry (SSC) performs extremely well in predicting the flow features in the combustor. Computed temperature and species mole fraction and wall pressure distributions with SSC match better with the experimental results compared to fast chemistry calculation and detailed chemistry calculation of other workers. It has been observed that simple chemistry can describe H2–air reaction in scramjet combustor reasonably well.
Active flow control at a 1.5-stage low-speed research compressor with varying rotor tip clearance
Authors: Künzelmann M , Urban R , Mailach R , Vogeler K
Published: September 2011

The stable operating range of axial compressors is limited by the onset of rotating stall and surge. Mass injection upstream of the tip of an axial compressor rotor is a stability enhancement approach which can be effective in suppressing stall in tip-critical rotors, and thus increasing the operating range of compressors. In this article, investigations on active flow control related to the rotor tip gap sensitivity are discussed. The experiments were performed in a 1.5-stage low-speed research compressor. Measurements at part speed (80 per cent) and full speed (100 per cent) with varying injection rates are discussed. These tests were performed for two rotor tip clearances of 1.3 per cent and 4.3 per cent of rotor blade tip chord. Results on the compressor map, the flow field as well as transient measurements to identify the stall inception are discussed. Supplementary, the numerical results are compared to the experiments based on the configuration with the greatest benefit in operating range enhancement.
Antinucleosome antibodies as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of renal pathological activity in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Hung WT , Chen YM , Lan JL , Chen HH , Chen YH , Chen DY , Hsieh CW , Wen MC
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between antinucleosome antibodies and renal pathological activity in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). We evaluated 36 patients with proliferative LN, 14 non-renal lupus patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Lupus activity was assessed using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 (BILAG 2004) index, serum anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels, serum complement levels and daily urinary protein levels. All 36 lupus nephritis patients received renal biopsy. Antinucleosome antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that levels of serum antinucleosome antibodies were significantly higher in LN patients (median 90.35 units/ml, interquartile range [IQR] 37.38–135.23) than in non-renal SLE patients (median 5.45 units/ml, IQR 2.6–28.93, p <0.05) and in healthy volunteers (median 3.35 units/ml, IQR 2.95–5.23, p <0.001). Serum levels of antinucleosome antibodies were positively correlated with BILAG index (Spearman’s r = 0.645, p <0.001) and serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels ( rs = 0.644, p <0.01), while serum levels of antinucleosome antibodies were negatively correlated with serum levels of C3 ( rs = -0.400, p <0.01) and C4 ( rs = -0.300, p <0.05). Serum levels of antinucleosome antibodies were positively correlated with the histological activity index of LN ( rs = 0.368, p <0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between serum levels of antinucleosome antibodies and the histological chronicity index. In conclusion, the serum level of antinucleosome antibodies is a potential biomarker for early recognition of renal involvement and evaluation of disease activity in SLE. Our preliminary results suggested that serum levels of antinucleosome antibodies might be a potential biomarker in evaluating pathological activity of LN.
Model-based approaches to synthesize microarray data: a unifying review using mixture of SEMs
Authors: Martella F , Vermunt JK
Published: September 2011

Several statistical methods are nowadays available for the analysis of gene expression data recorded through microarray technology. In this article, we take a closer look at several Gaussian mixture models which have recently been proposed to model gene expression data. It can be shown that these are special cases of a more general model, called the mixture of structural equation models (mixture of SEMs), which has been developed in psychometrics. This model combines mixture modelling and SEMs by assuming that component-specific means and variances are subject to a SEM. The connection with SEM is useful for at least two reasons: (1) it shows the basic assumptions of existing methods more explicitly and (2) it helps in straightforward development of alternative mixture models for gene expression data with alternative mean/covariance structures. Different specifications of mixture of SEMs for clustering gene expression data are illustrated using two benchmark datasets.
Learning Our Way to Sustainability
Authors: Wals Arjen E.J.
Published: September 2011

Should environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD) try to change students’ behaviours or should it focus on capacity building and critical thinking? The latter is more likely to lead to a citizenry that can examine new challenges and act wisely. New forms of learning are entering the arena of EE and ESD such as ‘social learning’, learning by mirroring one’s own ideas, views, values and perspectives with those of others, and ‘transformative social learning’, which requires the integrative switching back and forth among a set of mindsets. Four areas of research in new learning methods are identified.
Reviving the Mediterranean Olive Community
Authors: Zaferatos Nicholas C.
Published: September 2011

This article presents the findings of a collaborative investigation by six nongovernment organisations (NGOs) from five European-Mediterranean countries to identify a framework for reversing rural marginalisation in Mediterranean communities through sustainable forms of community-based agricultural development. The project brought together knowledgeable community organisations, farming communities and experts to address systemic problems that continue to threaten the survival of rural agricultural communities. The investigation resulted in a framework for community revitalisation based on the principles of fair trade. The framework is intended as a guide to developing individual community economies as well as to foster effective linkages among Mediterranean olive oil producer communities and consumer markets.
Characteristics of ESD-Promoting Strategies in China’s Basic Education
Authors: Qiaoling Wang
Published: September 2011

This article describes how education for sustainable development (ESD) has been integrated into education in China over the past decade through the efforts of the secretariat of a national steering committee working with UNESCO in conjunction with the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. ESD is now part of a new national education plan in China.

The author found six principal methods that successfully promoted ESD in China: (a) Using a theoretical framework as the driving force; (b) Public educational policies made on the basis of education research; (c) Regional educational reform that meets the needs of local sustainable development; (d) Curriculum teaching methods constituted with features of ESD; (e) ESD characteristics integrated in the physical plant of the campus; and (f) Chinese–foreign exchange and cooperation in ESD at various levels.
Legal Education for Sustainability
Authors: Dernbach John C.
Published: September 2011

This article is an overview of sustainability efforts in US law schools. It describes two sets of drivers for these efforts—inside and outside the legal profession. Drivers from within the legal profession include the American Bar Association as well as several state and local bar associations; law firms and other law organisations; and current and prospective law students. Drivers from outside the legal profession include clients, universities and colleges, nongovernmental organisations, and government. This article then describes what US law schools are now doing in the areas of curriculum, research, buildings and operations, community outreach and service, student life, and institutional mission, policy and planning. More generally, it suggests that law schools need to play a leading role in the national and global effort to achieve sustainability.
Measuring the Long-Term Effectiveness of a Compulsory Approach to Behaviour Change
Authors: Mustafa Hasrina , Yusoff Ronzi Mohd
Published: September 2011

This research looked into the effectiveness of a campaign at the Universiti Sains Malaysia for a compulsory ban on disposable plastics. Although there was high awareness of the ‘Say No to Plastic Bags- bags campaign, and moderate compliance on campus, we wondered whether a compulsory approach would maintain the desired behaviours off campus and over time. We surveyed a sample of 300 first-year students and conducted in-depth interviews after two years with eight students who were involved in the earlier survey. The impacts of the campaign were moderate based on the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of the students. The compulsory approach caused a minimal level of cognitive dissonance, inconsistent practice outside the campus and the possibility of discontinuation of practice in the long run, but the differences were not significant. Based on the follow-up interviews, the study concludes that knowledge alone is insufficient to motivate long-term behaviours. More important to maintain behaviour change is a strong positive attitude towards the issue and continuous sup-port from family and friends.
Smart Switch Metamaterials for Multiband Radio Frequency Antennas
Authors: Wolcott Paul J. , Hopkins Christopher D. , Zhang Lanlin , Dapino Marcelo J.
Published: September 2011

We investigate metal–matrix composite metamaterials with embedded electrical switches made of shape memory nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) for use in broadband radio frequency (RF) antennas. Experiments show that a Ni–Ti ribbon can form an electrical contact that opens and closes depending on the Ni–Ti phase being austenite or martensite. Finite element modeling of thermal gradients illustrates the phase change within the ribbon. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM), a solid-state additive manufacturing process, was utilized for embedding a Ni–Ti switch in an aluminum matrix. The aluminum matrix must have structural-grade strength for use in load-carrying antennas; thus, mechanical testing was conducted to quantify the longitudinal tensile, transverse tensile, and shear strength of the UAM matrix. Reconfiguration using a Ni–Ti switch was proven using a shape memory switch on a monopole RF antenna producing an operating frequency shift from 270 to 185 MHz when the switch is connected. A planar microstrip line was used to demonstrate signal transmission and reflection efficiency in a smaller, second switch. Transmission tests yielded less than −10 dB signal reflection proving the feasibility of reconfigurable planar antenna arrays using smart switches.
Biologically inspired damage tolerance in braided pneumatic muscle actuators
Authors: Davis S , Caldwell Darwin G
Published: September 2011

As the operation of robotic systems moves away from solely manufacturing environments to arenas where they must operate alongside humans, so the essential characteristics of their design has transformed. A move from traditional robot designs to more inherently safe concepts is required. Studying biological systems to determine how they achieve safe interactions is one approach being used. This then seeks to mimic the ingredients that make this interaction safe in robotics systems. This is often achieved through softness both in terms of a soft fleshy external covering and through motor systems that introduce joint compliance for softer physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI). This has led to the development of new actuators with performance characteristics that at least on a macroscopic level try to emulate the function of organic muscle. One of the most promising among these is the pneumatic Muscle Actuator (pMA). However, as with organic muscle, these soft actuators are more susceptible to damage than many traditional actuators. Whilst organic muscle can regenerate and recover, artificial systems do not possess this ability. This article analyzes how organic muscle is able to operate even after extreme trauma and shows how functionally similar techniques can be used with pMAs.
Bringing Regulatory Agencies Into Organizational Studies
Authors: Cavazos David E. , Rutherford Matthew A.
Published: September 2011

The management literature has typically taken a relatively narrow view when considering the relationships between firms and state actors by conceptualizing regulatory agencies simply as a source of external pressure for firms. The literature has, accordingly, tended to emphasize the strategies that firms adopt in efforts to influence and control public policy. The authors argue that future research needs to go beyond the traditional understanding of the firm–regulator relationship and should instead focus more attention on other sources of influence on regulator behavior. Specifically, further research is needed that focuses on other external sources of influence, such as the media and public opinion, as well as research that helps identify how issues within the regulatory body itself, such as intraorganizational politics and leadership turnover, affect agency behavior. In this essay, the authors examine the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) Office of Defects Investigation’s (ODI) actions regarding unwanted acceleration in Toyota vehicles in an effort to illustrate the dramatic influence that external events, public activism, and political power shifts have in influencing regulatory behavior. The results of this analysis support the notion that the role of firms in the regulatory process has been somewhat overstated and that future research examining the state would benefit from focusing on additional internal and external issues that may influence government agency action.
The Relevance of Institutional Theory for the Study of Organizational Culture
Authors: Zilber Tammar B.
Published: September 2011

In this paper I attend to the ways current developments within institutional theory—namely the discursive and practice based schools—may contribute to the study of organizational culture. I suggest that the two theories have enough in common to allow fruitful dialogue, and focus on three areas in which we can apply some of the conceptual tools and questions developed in institutional theory to the study of organizational culture. In particular, institutional theory may help students of organizational culture to explore how cultures within organizations are worked out in relation to cultures outside organizations, how organizational cultures are being transformed and translated through time, and what are the roles of actors in the work of organizational cultures.
Connections Between Institutional Logics and Organizational Culture
Authors: Hinings Bob
Published: September 2011

The relationship between institutional logics and organizational culture is explored. Institutional logics have become an important research theme in institutional theory. There are elements of the concept that have strong associations with culture especially through ideas of meaning. Also, institutional logics operate at multiple levels, in ways that are informative for discussions of organizational culture. The paper examines these relationships.
The Wilderness Years at JMI
Authors: Glassman Alan M. , Cummings Thomas G.
Published: September 2011

We reflect on JMI’s creation and first five years of publication. This “wilderness” period was marked with a good deal of ambiguity, challenge, and delight. We discuss JMI’s genesis in the innovative and collegial culture of the Western Academy of Management. We identify key founding events that fortuitously pushed the idea of a “nontraditional” journal towards reality. We describe critical decisions that shaped the journal’s initial structure and operations, and reveal our own thoughts and feelings in dealing with those thorny, start-up issues. We highlight how JMI’s practices challenged conventional thinking about management journals at the time. We discuss letting go of JMI and transitioning to a new leadership team.
Applying child specific knowledge in reflective dialogues: Presentation of an approach
Authors: Mæhle Magne , Haugen Iren , Tømmerås Ine
Published: September 2011

The vantage point of this article is the growing body of knowledge about how the child’s interaction with its caregivers impacts on later development. With reference to the Transaction Model it is argued that knowledge about child specific and parental premises for developmentally supportive relationships is both applicable and necessary for therapists working with troubled children. The article, furthermore, argues that the parents’ understanding of their child’s behaviour and developmental characteristics is an obvious target when we face families with troubled children in therapy. The relevance and applicability of three fields of research; attachment, temperament and narrative development is explored and a model for applying knowledge from these fields in a family therapy context using participant observation and reflecting dialogues is presented.
Incorporating electronic monitoring feedback into clinical care: A novel and promising adherence promotion approach
Authors: Herzer Michele , Ramey Christina , Rohan Jennifer , Cortina Sandra
Published: September 2011

This paper presents case examples that document the preliminary clinical utility of using electronic monitoring (EM) feedback to tailor empirically validated adherence-promoting interventions, delivered in standard clinical practice. Challenges of utilizing EM in standard clinical practice as well as future directions are also discussed. Two adolescents referred for behavioral adherence promotion intervention are described. Each youth was provided a MEMS® bottle and one oral medication was chosen jointly by the therapist, family, and medical provider for adherence monitoring. Graphical MEMS® feedback was provided to families during intervention visits and subsequently used to tailor adherence interventions to target each family’s unique needs. EM feedback was a feasible and clinically rich supplement to adherence-promoting interventions. EM facilitated identification of adherence barriers and successes, and open and non-adversarial discussions regarding adherence between patients, families, and clinicians, and provided real-time representations of patients’ medication administration. These case presentations suggest that EM feedback can be a clinically useful tool when used as a supplement to an empirically supported intervention delivered in standard psychological practice aimed at adherence promotion among chronically ill youth.
Why clinical psychology needs process research: An examination of four methodologies
Authors: Rhodes Paul
Published: September 2011

This paper advocates for process research as a valid source of evidence in clinical psychology, research that focuses on why and how therapy works, both across the course of treatment and in the minutiae of interactions between therapist and client. Process research is consistent with the aims of the scientist-practitioner model, supporting the provision of practical and realistic guidance to clinicians. Specific examples of methods are provided, including the analysis of mechanisms of change, patient-focused research, conversational analysis and interpersonal process recall.
Bodily pain and coping styles among four geriatric age groups of women
Authors: Laganà Luciana , Hassija Christina Marie
Published: September 2011

No research is available regarding the association between coping styles and bodily pain by age-specific sub-groups in non-clinical older populations. To address this research gap, we recruited 317 older women (age 55–105, mainly from minority ethnic backgrounds) and divided our sample into sub-groups by decade. Regression analyses on the total sample and the age group of 65–74 demonstrated that denial and venting were inversely related to pain. Findings for the age groups 55–64 and 75–84 were non-significant. Among women age 85 or older, seeking emotional support was inversely associated with pain, while active coping was related to higher pain reports.