bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repair of the Contracted Socket Using RTV Silicone as a Stent for Mucosal Grafting
Authors: Paris George L , Spohn Walter G
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY

The anophthalmic socket is often contracted due to a deficiency of conjunctiva. The use of buccal mucosa to expand the socket is well known to ophthalmologists. However, this material often suffers shrinkage due to excessive scarring following surgery, leading to further contracture of the socket. RTV silicone (Medical Elastomer 382) has been found to be an excellent stent following buccal mucosal grafting. This paper deals with technical aspects of performing this procedure and discusses the complications. The results in 17 of 21 sockets have been excellent in allowing the conjunctival graft to take without further shrinkage and in allowing the patient to wear a prosthetic eye comfortably.
Evaluation and Comparison of Sources of Variability in the Measurement of Corneal Thickness with Ultrasonic and Optical Pachymeters
Authors: Salz James J , Azen Stanley P , Berstein Jonine , Caroline Patrick , Villasenor Richard A , Schanzlin David J
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY

Two studies were carried out to determine and compare the effects of several sources of variation on the measurement of corneal thickness using the standard optical pachymeter and three ultrasonic pachymeters. Sources of variation included: intra- and inter-session variation, inter-observer variation, left/right eye variation, and variations due to alternate settings of ultrasonic sound frequencies. It was found that the optical pachymeter had a) two to three times as much intra-session variation as that of the ultrasound pachymeters, b) significant inter-observer variation (P = 0.015), and c) significant differences between left and right eye thickness determinations (P < 0.005). On the other hand, ultrasonic pachymeters demonstrated a) high reproducibility, b) no inter-observer variation, and c) no left/right eye variation. These results have implications for the use of pachymetry in measuring corneal thickness for radial keratotomy and other refractive surgery.
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Recovery of Lidocaine and Bupivicaine Following Respiratory Arrest Subsequent to Retrobulbar Block
Authors: Kobet Keith A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A 75-year-old man experienced a self-limited respiratory arrest following a retrobulbar injection. The injection was a mixture of bupivicaine and lidocaine. Forty-five minutes after the injection, quantities of both drugs were recovered from the patients cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) obtained via a lumbar puncture. Theoretical evidence is presented to show that the drug levels obtained resulted from a direct intrathecal injection.
Eyelid Necrosis Following Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection for Capillary Hemangioma
Authors: Sutula Francis C , Glover Arthur T
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The intralesional injection of corticosteroids has been employed successfully in treatment of adnexal neonatal hemangiomas since 1979. This form of treatment is easily administered, is repeatable and free from serious complications. We present an exceptional case in which full-thickness eyelid necrosis ensued following intralesional injection of corticosteroids in a capillary hemangioma. After eyelid reconstruction the patients visual axis has remained unobstructed, and amblyopia has been thus far averted.
Portable Battery-Powered Indirect Ophthalmoscope for Field Surveys
Authors: Schwab Larry , Swartwood Jack W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Portable indirect ophthalmoscopy is a useful adjunct to field surveys and rural eye care in developing nations. The method for converting an electricallypowered indirect ophthalmoscope to a portable battery-powered unit is described.
Controlled Enucleation
Authors: Moses Keith C , LaPiana Francis G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Although enucleation is orbit soft tissue surgery, the techniques of the latter are in general not fully applied in the standard enucleation procedure. Controlled enucleation does employ such techniques: identification and suture-tagging of tissues, meticulous hemostasis, dissection under direct visualization, fixation (without crushing) of the optic nerve, and precise closure of tissues. Controlled enucleation can decrease the incidence of post-enucleation complications.
Corneal Wedge Resection for High Astigmatism Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Lugo Miguel , Donnenfeld Eric D , Arentsen Juan J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Fourteen corneal wedge resections performed between April 1980 and January 1986 at the Wills Eye Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Mean preoperative refractive (subjective) astigmatism was 8.13 diopters (D), with a range of 3.75 to 15.0 D. Following wedge resection, the mean residual astigmatism was 3.04 D, with a range of 0 to 5.0 D. Although the mean keratometric astigmatism measurements were generally similar to the astigmatism measured during refraction, there was little correlation between them on a case-by-case basis. Corneal wedge resection appears to remain an effective and moderately predictable technique for managing high astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty.
Iris Reconstruction by Coloboma Repair
Authors: Worst Jan G F , Los Jenny Rubingh Leonoor I
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

If a pupil becomes irreversibly miotic during cataract surgery it is helpful to perform an iridotomy to facilitate lens expression. Reconstructing the pupil with one or two iris sutures is advisable in order to prevent coloboma-related problems. We describe a method of iridoplasty that involves using a vanadium steel suture attached to a long, straight needle. This technique can be used in an eye with surgically low pressure as well as in an eye with elevated vitreous pressure.
Management of Detachment of Descemet's Membrane Caused by Injection of Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Östberg Anders , Törnqvist Göran
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report a case in which, in an attempt to reform a flat anterior chamber, hyaluronic acid inadvertently was injected between Descemet's membrane and the corneal stroma. The surgical repair is described and a way to prevent this complication is recommended.
Comparison Between B-Scan Ultrasound and MRI in the Detection of Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Yoshida Akitoshi , Cheng Hong-Ming , Lashkari Kameran , Kwong Kenneth K , Ogasawara Hironobu , Aguayo James B , McMeel J Wallace
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated and compared with that of B-scan ultrasound in the detection and differentiation of diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Although conventional spin-echo MRI could not locate vitreous hemorrhages, gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) MRI readily did so. The aberrant signals appeared to originate from the interfacing between hemorrhages and the vitreous, and possibly also from the paramagnetic effect of the ferrous ion. The information provided by boundary/susceptibility detection, unique to the GRE sequence, is useful in delineating the extent of vitreous hemorrhage and hemolysis. However, for the diagnosis and follow up of diabetic vitreous hemorrhages, MRI appears no more informative than B-scan ultrasonography.
Evaluation of Silicone Gel as a Long-Term Vitreous Substitute in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Karaçorlu Murat , Soike Kenneth F , Bhatt Nitul , Clark Leland C , Hoffmann Richard E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two preparations of silicone gels were evaluated as long-term vitreous substitutes in the vitrectomized and lensectomized eyes of primates. Both preparations were injected in liquid form and polymerized in the vitreous cavity. There was no toxic effect on the ocular structures up to 13 months after implantation. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were possible through the less rigid gel, whereas the preparation with higher rigidity consistently appeared cloudy.
Encapsulated Filtering Blebs After Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C
Authors: Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Bond J Brent , Wilson Richard P , Moster Marlene R , Schmidt Courtland M
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of encapsulated blebs after guarded filtration procedures with mitomycin-C.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of all patients who had undergone a guarded filtration procedure with mitomycin-C. There were 235 patients (283 cases) who had more than 1 month of follow-up.

* RESULTS: An encapsulated bleb developed in 7 eyes (2.47%) of 6 patients. Identification of bleb encapsulation occurred at a mean follow-up time of 29.7 ± 14.6 days after surgery. The mean intraocular pressure at that point was 24.2 ± 13.5 mm Hg in the affected eyes. Three eyes were treated medically, and needling was performed in 4 eyes.

* CONCLUSION: There is a low frequency of encapsulated bleb formation after guarded filtration procedures with adjunctive mitomycin-C.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:805-809.]
Ablation Dynamics in Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo by Means of Pulsed Lasers in the Mid-Infrared Spectral Range
Authors: Brinkmann Ralf , Dröge Gerit , Schröer Frank , Scheu Manfred , Birngruber Reginald
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sclerostomy ab externo with pulsed laser systems is currently in phase II clinical trials. The authors investigated the ablation dynamics of tissue treated with pulsed laser systems in the mid-infrared range to estimate the extent of thermo-mechanical damage to the sclera and the anterior chamber.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly harvested porcine eyes were used. A bare 400-pm fiber in direct contact with tissue was used for fistulization. Polarization light microscopy, fast-flash photography, as well as optical and acoustic transients were performed for analysis.

* RESULTS: Substantial mechanical tissue deformation and dissections were found during pulsed laser ablation. The mechanical damage range within tissue far exceeds the pure thermal damage zone. Aspheric cavitation bubbles of up to 3 mm in length penetrate the anterior chamber after perforation. The cavitation demonstrates a significantly larger time constant in tissue than in water.

* CONCLUSIONS: Early fistula occlusions due to iris adherences may be attributed to iris trauma caused by cavitation. In response to the findings of this study, the authors propose an automatic feedback system to control the ablation process and minimize secondary ocular tissue effects. With respect to the overall damage zones, a new continuous-wave, mid-infrared diode laser system seems to be superior to pulsed laser systems.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:853-865.]
Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C for Postkeratoplasty Glaucoma: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Kumar Suresh , Ram Jagat , Gupta Amod
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evalu ate the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in the management of postkeratoplasty glaucoma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included in this study were 16 eyes of 16 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C for medically uncontrolled postkeratoplasty glaucoma, each having at least 6 months of follow-up.

* RESULTS: The mean pretrabeculectomy intraocular pressure (IOP) with maximal medical therapy was 34.6 mm Hg (range 24-45 mm Hg). The mean IOP following trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C was 14.2 mm Hg (range 8-36 mm Hg) by the end of a mean follow-up of 14.2 months (range 8-32 months). Fourteen eyes (87.5%) had complete success, 1 eye (6.25%) had qualified success, and 1 eye (6.25%) had failure. AH the patents had the same or better visual acuity, compared with the preoperative value. None of the patients had postoperative complications, such as shallow anterior chamber, epithelial defect, or hypotony.

* CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C is a safe and effective modality in the management of medically uncontrolled postkeratoplasty glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:891-895.]
Treatment of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Before and After the Age of 1 Year
Authors: Zwaan Johan
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction continues to be a subject of controversy. Some authors advocate early probing and irrigation in an office setting, whereas others recommend that the procedure be performed under general anesthesia when the child is at least 1 year old. The focus of this study was to compare the results of probing and irrigation of congenital NLD obstruction among children younger than 1 year of age, those 1 to 2 years of age, and those older than 2 years.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The author reviewed the tecords of 120 patients, ranging in age from 3 weeks to 30 years, with 153 cases of NLD obstruction. Eighty-five patients (110 cases of NLD obstruction) underwent probing and irrigation.

* RESULTS: Complications of NLD obstruction occurred in 12 patients; 75% of these patients were younger than 1 year of age. In group 1 (patient age < 1 year) there were 37 probings with 1 failure (3%). Group 2 (patient age =1-2 years) had 43 probings and 5 failures (12%). In group 3 (patient age > 2 years), 30 NLDs were probed with 2 failures (7%). However, these differences were not significant (P = .13 between groups 1 and 2; P = .42 between groups 1 and 3).

* CONCLUSION: In this study, the postponement of probing and irrigation for congenital NLD obstruction beyond the age of 1 year did not result in an increased rate of failures or complications.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:932-936.]
Does Laser Trabeculoplasty Prevent Steroid Glaucoma?
Authors: Galin Miles A , Hirschman Henry , Gould Herbert , Hofmann Ilan
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of laser trabeculoplasty in the normal myopic eye on steroid intraocular pressure responsiveness in patients undergoing radial keratotomy.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diode laser trabeculoplasty was performed on 94 patients with myopia undergoing radial keratotomy who were then started on dexamethasone drops. Intraocular pressures were measured by applanation tonometry compensated for corneal flattening.

* RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of patients had an intraocular pressure increase of 6 mm Hg or more by the fourth week.

* CONCLUSION: Laser trabeculoplasty does not prevent steroid intraocular pressure increase in patients with myopia.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:107-110]
Improved Retinal Capillary Perfusion Following Treatment of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Scott Ingrid U , Amirikia Arezo , Flynn Harry W
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors report a photodocumented case of improved retinal capillary perfusion accompanied by visual acuity improvement after treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:148-150]
Combined Use of an Amniotic Membrane and Tissue Adhesive in Treating Corneal Perforation: A Case Report
Authors: Su Chuan-Yi , Lin Chang-Ping
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We repon a new method combining the use of an amniotic membrane and cyanocrylate tissue adhesive to seal a corneal perforation. A 47-year-old male suffered from an alkali injury complicated with cornea! melting and perforation in the left eye. We placed an amniotic membrane of optimal size in the anterior chamber directly under the corneal perforation lesion. The cyanocrylate tissue adhesive was then applied over the perforation site and sealed successfully. Three weeks later, the tissue adhesive had dislodged. The amniotic membrane had sealed the perforated lesion and was well adhered to the surrounding corneal tissue with complete epithelial covering. Vision was 20/25 six months after the operation. The combined use of an amniotic membrane and tissue adhesive is a promising method in the treatment of corneal perforation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:151-154.]
Combined Modified Grid and Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Lee Carol M , Olk R Joseph , Akduman Levent
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy.

* MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 52 eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment was performed in two sessions consisting of initial modified grid to the macula and panretinal photocoagulation to the inferior half of the peripheral retina, followed 2 to 4 weeks later by panretinal photocoagulation to the superior half.

* RESULTS: At one year, visual acuity was improved in 8%, stable in 79%, and worse in 13%. At two years, visual acuity was improved in 4%, stable in 72%, and worse in 24%. Macular edema resolved in 43 of 46 eyes (93%), and proliferative retinopathy was reduced in 25 of 29 eyes (86%) at last examination.

* CONCLUSION: Combined macular modified grid and peripheral panretinal photocoagulation is an effective treatment approach in diabetic eyes with both macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Laser photocoagulation in those diabetic eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy can be completed in less number of treatment sessions with this method, compared to conventional treatment techniques.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:292-300]
Bilateral
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(K1 Serotype) Endogenous Endophthalmitis as the Presenting Sign of Disseminated Infection
Authors: Kashani Amir H. , Eliott Dean
Published: April 2021

The authors report a rare presentation of bilateral
Klebsiella pneumoniae
endophthalmitis in an ambulatory patient without other known medical conditions. A 51-year-old Chinese woman presented with severe bilateral reduction in vision, photophobia, pain, and eyelid swelling. Hospital admission and evaluation revealed vitreous, blood, and urine cultures positive for
K. pneumoniae
(K1 serotype). Additional work-up revealed endocarditis, multiple liver abscesses, brain abscesses, and left lobar pneumonia. The patient underwent multiple bilateral intravitreal antibiotic injections. Ultimate visual acuity was no light perception in both eyes.
K. pneumoniae
endogenous endophthalmitis is a severe but potentially subclinical disease. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and recognition of risk factors including Asian ancestry and other sources of systemic infection including, most commonly, liver abscess.
Towards a New Platform Based on Web 2.0 Technologies Supporting Collaborative Clinical Reasoning Behavior Skills
Authors: Gherib Teldja , Bouhadada Tahar
Published: April 2021

Clinical Reasoning (CR) is a complex skill that must be learned by students during their training. However, it is difficult to learn and it is not immediately apparent how training should be organized to develop and improve students' clinical reasoning behavior. The use of Web 2.0 technologies in e-learning and e-health provides opportunities to consider effective teaching and learning methods, with an emphasis on collaboration. The importance of collaboration in medical education and practice is growing, and by working together professionals can build a better future. When a shared information need becomes a collaborative site, it is called Collaborative Information Behavior (CIB). To date, there is no system that fully supports CIB in clinical reasoning learning. This paper focuses on studies conducted in the field of CIB. In addition, research related to the clinical reasoning learning in medical pedagogy is also considered. A model dedicated to the design of a collaborative clinical reasoning behavioral environment in synchronous mode is proposed. The proposed model was concretized by a collaborative environment supporting behavioral competencies in collaborative clinical reasoning based on Web 2.0 technologies (MEDcollab), which aims to make student learning visible and accessible to educators.
Teachers’ Digital Skills Readiness During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Perifanou Maria , Economides Anastasios A , Tzafilkou Katerina
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 crisis revealed the necessity for teachers to have digital skills in order to effectively teach online. Teachers should be able to exploit, use, and apply digital technologies in all educational activities. This paper investigates teachers’ perceptions regarding their digital skills for performing their teaching and professional responsibilities during the pandemic. More than eight hundred teachers participated in a survey regarding the use of digital technologies in their teaching and their professional responsibilities. Indicative digital tools that can be used by digital competent teachers are also presented to cover all areas of the teachers’ professional activities. Their answers revealed that they mostly used digital tools for finding, evaluating, and developing educational resources as well for teaching. They also used digital tools for self-study, students’ assessment, as well as interacting and communicating with students. However, they hardly used digital tools for other teaching activities such as feedback and final evaluation of the students, or revising the educational resources. Finally, they could not deal with long-term planning, management, and development of either their school or education in general. Although it is important for teachers to effectively respond to their daily emergent teaching responsibilities, consideration should also be given to the long-term planning and development of the digital school and digital education in general.
Il genere Duvalius nell’isola di Creta, con descrizione di Duvalius (Duvalius) augusti specie nuova (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechinae)
Authors: Casale Achille , Giachino Pier Mauro , Vailati Dante
Published: April 2021

Gli Autori descrivono Duvalius (Duvalius) augusti nuova specie, con località tipica e unica nota finora: la grotta Spilia Kronio (=Trapeza Cave), sita a 940 m s.l.m. (Lassithi, Tzermiado), nel massiccio orientale del Dikti nell’isola di Creta (Grecia). Il nuovo taxon è attribuibile al gruppo di Duvalius sbordonii Vigna Taglianti, Genest & Sciaky, 1980 come definito dagli Autori in precedenti contributi sul genere Duvalius in Grecia, e presenta in particolare affinità nei confronti di D. passaueri Lebenbauer, 2005, presente nel medesimo massiccio. Da tutte le specie del gruppo è marcatamente distinta per numerosi caratteri esterni e per la diversa struttura dell’edeago e della lamella copulatrice. Tali caratteri sono descritti e illustrati in dettaglio nel presente contributo, con note sul livello di specializzazione delle differenti specie nei confronti dell’ambiente sotterraneo. Alcuni dati sulla paleogeografia e la zoogeografia di Creta sono riportati, che confermano un’origine nord-occidentale di tale gruppo di specie, che trova apparenti affinità nei confronti di D. taygetanus Casale, 1979, specie isolata e localizzata nel massiccio del Taigeto in Peloponneso.
Risultati di trent’anni di ricerche in Piemonte e in Valle d’Aosta sui Dromiini arboricoli: una sintesi (Coleoptera Carabidae)
Authors: Bisio Luigi
Published: April 2021

Vengono esposti i risultati di trent’anni di ricerche sui Carabidi arboricoli dei generi Dromius, Philorizhus e Calodromius in Piemonte e Valle d’Aosta. Nel corso di tali ricerche sono stati raccolti numerosi esemplari lungo il tronco di alcune essenze arboree. Il maggior numero di individui è stato rinvenuto nella stagione invernale soprattutto sugli aceri (Acer sp.) e su alcune conifere. Viene esaminata la distribuzione in queste due regioni di Dromius (Dromius) agilis (Fabricius, 1787), Dromius (Dromius) angustus angustus Brullé, 1834, Dromius (Dromius) meridionalis Dejean, 1825, Dromius (Dromius) fenestratus (Fabricius, 1794), Dromius (Dromius) quadrimaculatus (Linné, 1758), Philorhizus quadrisignatus (Dejean, 1825) e Calodromius spilotus (Illiger, 1798). Inoltre, vengono illustrati alcuni aspetti dell’ecologia di queste specie.
Chelating solvent extraction reagents VI. LIX 63; purification, structure and properties
Authors: Ashbrook A W , Hague K E
Published: April 2021

The pure active constituent of LIX 63, an alpha-acyloinoxime produced by General Mills Inc. as an extractant for copper from acidic aqueous solution, has been isolated. Structural investigations using ir, nmr, and mass spectroscopy strongly suggest that this
constituent is 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxydodecane-6-oxime. It is very weakly acidic, having a PPKOH of 13.30 ± 0.05 in 70 vol per cent ethanol at 25.0 °C.
Comparison of vital capacity rapid inhalation and tidal ventilation induction with sevoflurane in adults
Authors: Viswanath Renjith , Pulickal Raghavan , Chirayath Joe John , Mullapilly Kesavan
Published: April 2021

Vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII) results in faster achievement of desired minimum alveolar concentration while reducing the incidence of excitatory phenomenon compared to conventional incremental technique. This study aimed to determine whether the VCRII can achieve faster induction of anesthesia in adults compared to the traditional tidal ventilation (TV) technique. Following the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, with an approval No. AIMSIEC/07/2017, on July 1, 2017, 51 adults belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II, undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital were prospectively assigned to two groups: 25 in VCRII (38.3 ± 13.3 years old, 20 (80%) females) and 26 in TV inhalation induction (35.2 ± 11.9 years old, 17 (65%) females) using 8% sevoflurane in 66% nitrous oxide. The induction time, such as time (in seconds) to the cessation of voluntary finger tapping, time to loss of eyelash reflex, time to return of regular breathing, the return of conjugate gaze, was measured. The primary outcome was time to induction as defined by time to loss of eyelash reflex. Hemodynamic effects of both methods were compared at baseline and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15-minute intervals from induction. Induction was significantly faster in the VCRII group compared with the TV group in all the measured parameters. Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. VCRII resulted in a faster induction time compared to the TV technique in adults.
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method for Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation Severity
Authors: Krupa Jesu
Published: April 2021

Quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) is important in clinical practice. As fluid approaches a finite circular orifice, concentric hemispherical shells are formed with gradually decreasing surface area and increasing velocity. Severity of MR by the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) can be quantified using this principle. Careful attention to detail needs to be paid in the acquisition and measurement to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the PISA method. The pitfalls of this method are related to geometric assumptions, the limitations of ultrasound, and the shape of the orifice. Some of these can be overcome with a good understanding of the principles and limitations of PISA and also newer three-dimensional techniques for quantification.
Representation of Specific Diagnosis for Low Back Pain Using the 11th Revision of International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
Authors: Chang Anne , Zhao Hong
Published: April 2021

Background:

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) was released on June 18, 2018, by the World Health Organization and will come into effect on January 1, 2022. Apart from the chapters on the classification of diseases in the conventional medicine (CM), a new chapter, traditional medicine (TM) conditions – Module 1, was added. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common reasons for the physician visits. The classification codes for LBP in the ICD-11 are vital to documenting accurate clinical diagnoses.

Methods:

The qualitative case study method was adopted. The secondary use data for 100 patients were randomly selected using the ICD-11 online interface to find the classification codes for both the CM section and the TM Conditions – Module 1 (TM1) section for LBP diagnosis.

Results:

Of the 27 codes obtained from the CM section, six codes were not relevant to LBP, whereas the other 21 codes represented diagnoses of LBP and its related diseases or syndromes. In the TM1 section, six codes for different patterns and disorders represented the diagnoses for LBP from the TM perspective.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that specific diagnoses of LBP can be represented by the combination of CM classification codes and TM1 classification codes in the ICD-11; the CM codes represent specific and accurate clinical diagnoses for LBP, whereas the TM1 codes add more accuracy to the diagnoses of different patterns from the TM perspective.
ДЕЦА ДЕВЕДЕСЕТИХ У ВОЈВОДИНИ: МЕШОВИТИ БРАКОВИ И ЕТНИЧКИ ИДЕНТИТЕТ
Authors: Лендак-Кабок Каролина
Published: April 2021

The 1990s Yugoslav wars avoided armed conflicts in Vojvodina, the multiethnic Northern province of Serbia,but the war still bears its consequences. Some argue that the province avoided escalation partly because of the relatively high rate of ethnic intermarriages in the Yugoslav era, which acted as bonds and bridges between the Serbs and ethnic minorities. The 1990s state-funded (Serbian) nationalist propaganda did have detrimental effects on Vojvodinian ethnic minorities which are facing high emigration rates since the 1990s. Ethnic minority millennials might be the group most adversely affected by the 1990s wars, facing open nationalism, alienation, and sidelining. One milestone event in the lives of intermarriage-born millennials was the choice of language instruction (majority or minority) when enrolling in elementary school and secondary school as well. The research aimed to investigate the education element of the many-faceted framework shaping the decisions of parents and the effects those decisions had on millennials and their identity construction. The analysis was based on semi-structured interviews conducted with millennials born into (Serbian – Hungarian) intermarriages and/or exhibiting high levels of acculturation. The findings show that the respondents who enrolled in elementary school in Serbian departed from the ethnic minority group, and even if they cultivated the ethnic minority language, it became a tool for further career advancement, not a bond with their minority group. Interviewees who enrolled in elementary school in a minority language preserved a stronger bond with the ethnic minority group and essentially built an ethnic minority identity. Both groups, regardless of the language of instructions, faced nationalismfuelled incidents during their schooling, which inevitably made them more insecure and vulnerable.
I am still on my way: The Influence of Motivation in Transforming Identities
Authors: Cheng Zijia
Published: April 2021

This article explores how my identities were transformed from a piano learner and player to a piano teacher and researcher by employing motivation. My musical background, piano learning experience, understanding and knowledge have formed me as a piano learner and player. My musical identities provide motivation which influences the establishment of my new identities. To investigate my background, an autoethnographical method was employed. Through this qualitative study, I found that my identity, interests and choices of research methodologies in music education are influenced by my understandings and beliefs gained from my own learning experience.
A Model of Research Article Writing Sociolinguistic Competence (RAWSC): Evidence From Qualitative Meta-Synthesis and Follow-Up Interviews
Authors: Khany Reza , Mohammadi Saeedeh
Published: April 2021

The knowledge of sociolinguistic factors can be a remarkable component of competence in research article writing for learners’ successful handling of scholarly writing tasks in English for academic purposes (EAP) programs. This study aimed to present a model of Sociolinguistics Competence (SC) in writing EAP research articles. Give this, two stages were followed. Firstly, a meta-synthesis approach was adopted to investigate the available literature on various aspects of SC and extract the latent themes and concepts in the target model. As a result, two categories emerged from the combination of five concepts and 258 codes. Secondly, an introspective stage was followed to explore the perceptions of a sampled number of EAP Iranian researchers of features of research article writing sociolinguistic competence and their difficulties relevant to the sociolinguistic aspects of writing RAs. Data for this stage came from interviews with nine Iranian EAP researchers who have published in highly prestigious journals. Conducting thematic analysis in the introspective stage resulted in 118 codes and four subcategories. The interview findings confirmed the main categories obtained from the meta-synthesis. The combination of the findings of meta-synthesis and interviews yielded a reductionist yet inclusive account of EAP research article writing sociolinguistic competence.
How to Access Elites When Textbook Methods Fail? Challenges of Purposive Sampling and Advantages of Using Interviewees as “Fixers”
Authors: Bakkalbasioglu Esra
Published: April 2021

Social science methods literature identifies gaining access as one of the main challenges of conducting elite interview research. However, the existing literature mostly fails to provide access strategies other than the “textbook” methods of sending email, letters, faxes, or making phone calls. Many researchers, especially the ones who conduct purposive sampling-based in elite interview research encounter various obstacles when they try to gain access to the potential interviewees. Especially in challenging research environments, textbook methods either fail the researchers using purposive sampling or considerably increase the time and energy spent to gain access to elite respondents. Drawing on the author’s own purposive sampling-based research in the Middle East, this article proposes an alternative access strategy adapted from journalism, using interviewees as “fixers.” This free-of-charge strategy not only shortens access time and decreases non-commitment of the potential elite interviewees, but also lends the researcher a partial insider status in the studied elite circle, and thus potentially enhances the quality of interviews.
A Cross-Cultural Qualitative Study on Students’ Attitudes towards Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Tafazoli Dara , Gómez Parra María Elena , Huertas-Abril Cristina A.
Published: April 2021

This cross-cultural qualitative study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of language students towards computer-assisted language learning (CALL). We examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of CALL in language education according to Iranian and Spanish students’ perceptions and attitudes. In addition, we found out the differences between Iranian and Spanish language students’ perceptions and attitudes towards CALL. The participants were 237 language students, and the researchers applied an online 10 open-ended question instrument for data collection and a SWOT analysis for data analysis. The findings of the content analysis revealed that many language students in Iran and Spain approved that CALL provides a wide range of tools, resources and materials for language learning. Among many pedagogical implications, this study suggests more CALL programs in order to enhance students’ CALL literacy.
Cultural Identity Development in Second Language Teacher Education: Toward a Negotiated Model
Authors: Meihami Hussein , Rashidi Naser
Published: April 2021

This is a two-phase study toward understanding the cultural identity development of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers when they participated in cultural negotiation programs and developing a negotiated model of cultural identity development for the second language teacher education programs. To such ends, the analysis of the narratives authored by five experienced and four novice EFL teachers was done by using Wenger’s (1998) community of practice and Pennington’s (2014) TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) teacher identity model to track the cultural identity development of the EFL teachers during the cultural negotiation sessions. Then, by meticulously examining the theoretical and empirical underpinnings about cultural identity including the theories and previous empirical studies along with the results obtained from the first phase of the study, we developed a negotiated model of cultural identity development for the EFL teachers. The model is a theoretical one which can be applied to different second language teacher education programs to develop the cultural identity of the language teachers by participating in negotiation sessions. The study concluded with some implications for second language teacher education programs to develop the cultural identity of the EFL teachers.
On What Autoethnography Did in a Study on Student Voice Pedagogies: A Mapping of Returns
Authors: McDermott Mairi
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I invite you into some considerations of what autoethnography might do in research, what it might teach us as researchers. In doing so, I return to an autoethnographic study I engaged in a few years ago which was contoured through the question: How do teachers experience student voice pedagogies? In that study, I experienced autoethnography as a creative methodology that allowed me to go back to two experiences I had with youth, or student voice projects. The paper embodies a return to the autoethnographic study of my doctoral research, which itself was a return to the previously experienced student voice projects; a return that is being propelled by my new position as a professor, supervising students in the mappings of their research landscapes. Returning, thus, becomes a central motif that invites dwelling in the simultaneity of pastpresentfuture – wherein the present is the folding in of the past and the future through attuning to embodied ways of knowing, sensing, being, and doing -- disrupting colonial epistemological legacies of progress and linearity found in conventional and taken-for-granted research practices. I ask, what does it mean to go back, in efforts oriented towards a future (such as social justice)? What might it mean to conceptualize time differently within our research, teaching, and learning? I argue that autoethnography, when engaged through an active nomadism, opens space for learning about our research practices, ourselves as researchers and pedagogues, as well as deeper understandings of our research topics.
Combining Case Study Design and Constructivist Grounded Theory to Theorize Language Teacher Cognition
Authors: Alzaanin Eman
Published: April 2021

Although second language (L2) teacher cognition has been a sustained area of research in the field of L2 teacher education for the last three decades, designing an appropriate methodology to investigate teacher cognition is still a key challenge due to the unobservable nature of cognition. Teacher cognition is defined as “what teachers know, believe, and think” (Borg, 2003, p. 81). This article seeks to enable researchers who are interested in exploring L2 teacher cognition to design qualitative multiple case study research and to use constructivist grounded theory to data analysis to build theoretical models that capture L2 teachers’ cognitions. I discuss the rationale for the proposed design and outline the processes of data collection, three stages of data analysis, and the processes of constructivist grounded theory conceptualization. I provide examples and draw on my own experience of investigating and mapping out some of the intricate connections between the cognitions and the classroom practices of twelve English as a foreign language (EFL) writing teachers, on the one hand, and consider how their cognitions and pedagogical practices interplay with the ecological contexts where they teach, on the other hand. I highlight the flexibility of the proposed design to enable researchers to build models that effectively capture language teacher cognition and explain their pedagogical practices. In doing so, this article also provides a valuable contribution to the discussion of the research methods which have been used to examine L2 teacher cognition.
“Before alone or (well) accompanied”? The Use of Projective Marketing Techniques
Authors: Campos Alyce , Nascimento Thaísa , Oliveira Frederico , Vilas Boas Luiz Henrique , Rezende Daniel
Published: April 2021

Projective techniques, widely used in marketing research, encourage interviewees to talk about other people so that researchers can discover deep feelings and circumvent psychological prejudices. The present study analyzes empirical publications that involve the use of projective techniques in marketing. For this, two specific objectives were defined: to analyze if the publications are using only projective techniques or are being combined with other techniques and to identify which types of projective techniques are being used. The results were divided into bibliographic analysis and semantic analysis. In the first one, the evolution of the publications per year and the periodicals that most published articles using projective marketing research techniques, as Qualitative Market Research and the International Journal of Market Research, are presented. In the second, a qualitative analysis was performed, observing that half of the publications used only projective techniques while the other part combined with other data collection techniques such as interviews, focus groups, case studies and quantitative studies. The types of projective techniques more frequently employed were word association, sentence completion, Haire’s shopping list, thematic perception test, collages, drawings, scenarios, and third-person technique.
Dinner Table Syndrome: A Phenomenological Study of Deaf Individuals’ Experiences with Inaccessible Communication
Authors: Meek David
Published: April 2021

Conversations at the dinner table typically involve reciprocal and contingent turn-taking. This context typically includes multiple exchanges between family members, providing opportunities for rich conversations and opportunities for incidental learning. Deaf individuals who live in hearing non-signing homes often miss out on these exchanges, as typically hearing individuals use turn-taking rules that differ from those commonly used by deaf individuals. Hearing individuals’ turn-taking rules include use of auditory cues to get a turn and to cue others when a new speaker is beginning a turn. Given these mechanisms, hearing individuals frequently interrupt each other—even if they are signing. When deaf individuals attempt to obtain a turn, they are frequently lost in the ongoing dialogue. This experience, wherein deaf individuals are excluded from the flow of conversations at mealtime, is known as the dinner table syndrome. This study documents deaf adults’ retrospective experiences with dinner table syndrome growing up. Personal interviews and a focus group were used to explore how deaf adults experienced conversations during family dinner gatherings. A phenomenological approach was used for analysis. Developed themes include: Missing out on Communication and Language with Hearing Family Members, Access to Current News and Events, Conversational Belonging and Sense of Exclusion within the Family, and the Realization of Missing Out on Conversations. These themes revealed the essence of Loved, yet Disconnected. Results of this qualitative research study can help identify what happens when participants miss cues during dinner table conversations, leaving them out of the conversation.
Expanding Qualitative Research Interviewing Strategies: Zoom Video Communications
Authors: Gray Lisa , Wong-Wylie Gina , Rempel Gwen , Cook Karen
Published: April 2021

The proliferation of new video conferencing tools offers unique data generation opportunities for qualitative researchers. While in-person interviews were the mainstay of data generation in qualitative studies, video conferencing programs, such as Zoom Video Communications Inc. (Zoom), provide researchers with a cost-effective and convenient alternative to in-person interviews. The uses and advantages of face-to-face interviewing are well documented; however, utilizing video conferencing as a method of data generation has not been well examined. The purpose of this paper is to examine the specific attributes of Zoom that contribute to high quality and in-depth qualitative interviews when in person interviewing is not feasible. While video conferencing was developed to facilitate long-distance or international communication, enhance collaborations and reduce travel costs for business these same features can be extended to qualitative research interviews. Overall, participants reported that Zoom video conferencing was a positive experience. They identified strengths of this approach such as: (1) convenience and ease of use, (2) enhanced personal interface to discuss personal topics (e.g., parenting), (3) accessibility (i.e., phone, tablet, and computer), (4) time-saving with no travel requirements to participate in the research and therefore more time available for their family. Video conferencing software economically supports research aimed at large numbers of participants and diverse and geographically dispersed populations.
Las Fuentes Digitales de la Vergüenza: Experiencias de Ciberacoso entre Adolescentes
Authors: Marín-Cortés Andrés
Published: April 2021

Las emociones son fundamentales para comprender experiencias de ciberacoso de adolescentes implicados como víctimas, espectadores y agresores. Esta investigación se propuso identificar los aspectos generadores de vergüenza en procesos de interacción caracterizados como cibeacoso. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo con método fenomenológico-hermenéutico en el que se entrevistaron 31 adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años, que participaron de situaciones de ciberacoso en los roles de víctimas, espectadores y/o agresores. Los principales resultados revelan que las fuentes de la vergüenza expresadas en los contenidos que pretenden hacer daño están relacionadas con la imagen corporal y la sexualidad. Las victimas suelen sentir vergüenza, pero al momento de identificarla emplean términos inespecíficos que la bordean. Por su parte, los espectadores suelen identificar las situaciones de agresión como generadoras de vergüenza, pero no suelen conectarse compasivamente con las víctimas. Finalmente, los agresores se proponen avergonzar a otros como una suerte acto de justicia cuando perciben que han sido victimizados por otros en escenarios copresenciales. En conclusión, la investigación permitió identificar que la vergüenza es una emoción central en los procesos interactivos de acoso cibernético, que puede ser reconocida por los diversos actores sociales implicados.