bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La lucha contra la desinformación sobre la COVID-19 en Brasil: estudio exploratorio de las agencias de verificación Fato ou Fake y Lupa
Authors: Martins Allysson , Teixeira Juliana , Larrondo Ainara
Published: May 2021

Las redes sociales digitales no solo propagan contenido útil, sino que también contribuyen a difundir informaciones falsas que contribuyen a la desinformación de la sociedad en diferentes contextos geográficos, políticos y culturales. Las agencias digitales de verificación de hechos -fact-checking en la terminología anglosajona- son vistas como un remedio eficaz contra este problema, junto con otras posibilidades o estrategias, como la exclusión de contenidos y la desmonetización de los propagadores. En consideración al impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) en Brasil, este artículo investiga la importancia dada por las agencias de fact-checking de ese país, Fato ou Fake y Lupa, a sus verificaciones de noticias falsas sobre la COVID-19. Si durante los períodos iniciales de propagación de la enfermedad en enero y febrero de 2020, las verificaciones no alcanzaron el 20% del material informativo generado, a partir de marzo, las comprobaciones se intensificaron en relación a la pandemia, alcanzando una media de aproximadamente dos publicaciones por día.
La participación de las mujeres en radios comunitarias en India frente al silenciamiento sistémico y la brecha digital
Authors: Landaburu Amaia
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza la participación de las mujeres como grupo subalterno en tres experiencias de radios comunitarias en India. Se centra en los procesos de transformación iniciados por ellas, con un acercamiento a las problemáticas que enfrentan, así como un estudio de su papel como comunicadoras y referentes en contextos de desigualdad y discriminación extremas. 

El reconocido Informe MacBride (1980) recogía entre sus reivindicaciones la necesidad de una comunicación más democrática. En esta línea, la democratización mediática es la principal preocupación de esta investigación que parte, a su vez, de la pregunta planteada por Spivak (1998): “¿Puede hablar el sujeto subalterno?”. 

Presentamos los resultados de un análisis cualitativo, mediante técnicas como la entrevista personal y la observación participante. Analizamos varios relatos de experiencias de mujeres trabajadoras de radios comunitarias en India, con el fin de reflejar la contribución de la comunicación participativa a la realización del derecho a la comunicación en India.
Optimasi jaringan irigasi perpipaan berdasarkan karakteristik hidraulis dan biaya di pertanian lahan kering
Authors: Muhardiono Iman , Kartiwa Budi , Hamdani Adang , Heryani Nani
Published: May 2021

Curah hujan tahunan yang rendah di lahan kering, serta keterbatasan dan atau ketidakseimbangan sebarannya secara temporal dan spasial, menyebabkan usaha tani di lahan kering sangat terbatas. Penggunaan metode irigasi yang tepat guna diperlukan untuk Â menjawab permasalahan keterbatasan pemenuhan air agar pemakaiannya lebih efisien dan efektif. Â Dewasa ini, teknologi irigasi perpipaan pada lahan kering sudah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi irigasi dan produktivitas tanaman. Â Namun demikian dalam pelaksanaannya, desain yang dibuat masih belum optimal dan efisien sehingga keluaran debit yang diharapkan dapat berlebih atau sangat kurang dari yang diharapkan. Optimasi desain diperlukan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik hidraulis dan biaya. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendapatkan desain jaringan irigasi pipa yang optimal melalui analisis skenario dimensi pipa berdasarkan pemodelan hidraulis pada perangkat lunak EPANET 2.0. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan dengan luas area blok penelitian 1 ha. Rangkaian jaringan irigasi dibuat sebanyak 15 skenario, dimana variabel diameter pipa dibuat berbeda tiap skenarionya. Â Â Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skenario kombinasi diameter pipa yang disimulasikan dapat memberikan hasil yang bervariasi terhadap komponen biaya dan kondisi hidraulika air dalam pipa. Kombinasi terbaik adalah Skenario 7 dengan kombinasi pipa utama berdiameter 48 mm dan pipa sub-utama berdiameter 22 mm dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air tanaman secara optimal dengan biaya yang relatif ekonomis.
Fixed Point Results for a Class of Nonexpansive Type Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: PANT Rajendra , PATEL Prashant , SHUKLA Rahul
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we present some new fixed point results for a well-known class of generalized nonexpansive type mappings and associated Krasnosel'ski type mappings in Banach spaces. Further, we consider Mann type iteration for finding a common fixed point of a nonexpansive type semigroup. We also present a couple of nontrivial examples to illustrate facts and show numerical convergence.
Expression of T-cell receptor gamma, delta, and alpha gene segments associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients based on survival at time of analysis: dead or alive. TRAJ27, TRDC, TRDJ1, and TRGV1 emerged as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. TRAJ27, TRDC, TRDJ1, and TRGV1 were all present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of TNBC patients alive. Differential expression of TCR genes TRAJ27, TRDC, TRDJ1, and TRGV1 may be of relevance in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
MEMÓRIAS DE UM GUERRILHEIRO: ZEZINHO DO ARAGUAIA
Authors: da Silva Luiza Helena Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho se inscreve como exercício de literatura de testemunho, tomando como ponto de partida relatos de Michéas Gomes de Almeida (1934 - ), conhecido por seu codinome Zezinho do Araguaia. Zezinho foi militante do PCdoB no contexto de luta contra a ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985), um dos poucos sobreviventes dos confrontos com as forças militares durante a Guerrilha do Araguaia (1972-1975). O relato foi concedido em 2020, por meio digitais audiovisuais (live), em encontro virtual do qual participaram pesquisadores do GESTO – Grupo de Estudos do Sentido/Tocantins – que desenvolvem trabalhos que aliam estudos em semiótica discursiva, ciência política, literatura. Mediante o trabalho errático da memória, sua não linearidade, sua dispersão, optamos por tentar registrar o esforço de narrar o vivido, com os impactos da memória no sujeito que evidencia a construção de sentidos no presente da enunciação.
Over-expression of ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier in human endometrial cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Gynecologic cancers including cancers of the endometrium are a clinical problem (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover genes associated with endometrial cancers by comparing transcriptomes of the normal endometrium and endometrial tumors from humans. We identified ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier, encoded by ISG15, as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, in cancers of the endometrium. ISG15 was expressed at significantly higher levels in endometrial tumor tissues as compared to the endometrium. Importantly, primary tumor expression of ISG15 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with endometrial cancer. ISG15 may be a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of human endometrial cancer.
Over-expression of topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha in human endometrial cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Gynecologic cancers including cancers of the endometrium are a clinical problem (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover genes associated with endometrial cancers by comparing transcriptomes of the normal endometrium and endometrial tumors from humans. We identified topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha, encoded by TOP2A, as among the most differentially expressed genes, transcriptome-wide, in cancers of the endometrium. TOP2A was expressed at significantly higher levels in endometrial tumor tissues as compared to the endometrium. Importantly, primary tumor expression of TOP2A was correlated with overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer. TOP2A may be a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of human endometrial cancer.
Masyarakat di sekitar pelabuhan Trisakti
Authors: Noraidarayanti
Published: May 2021

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, manusia melakukan hubungan sosial dengan individu lain ataupun dengan kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Hubungan sosial yang terjadi antar ndividu ataupun antar kelompok dikenal dengan istilah interaksi sosial. Proses sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat tidak selalu berjalan dengan lancar, hal ini dikarenakan pendukung masyarakat memiliki berbagai macam karakteristik. Keragaman hubungan sosial dalam suatu masyarakat dapat terjadi karena memiliki perbedaan kebudayaan.
Review article
Authors: Usman Safri
Published: May 2021

Sampel sebanyak 16 nelayan aktif, pedagang pengumpul 3 orang, pedangang pengencer 15 orang, exporter 1 orang. Nelayan menjual langsung kepada pedagang besar di kota Gorontalo, kemudian menjual ikan Tuna kepada pedagang eksportir di Bali, Makasar, Palu dan Surabaya. Pedagang eksportir kemudian mengekspor ikan Tuna keluar negri. Harga awal ikan tuna dari nelayan dengan harga Rp 40.000/Kg berdasarkan hasil analisis yang menunjukan bahwa margin masing- masing lembaga pemasaran antara lain pengecer Rp 20.000/Kg, pedagang keliling Rp 30.000/Kg dan pengumpulan pedagang dengan harga Rp 50.000/Kg. Margin tertinggi adalah pedagang sebanyak55,56%.
Belajar membaca islami (membaca hadits bagi putra-putri islam)
Authors: Kusumah Mada Wijaya , bashor wipkil
Published: May 2021

belajar membaca islami (membaca tema hadits bagi putra-putri islam). belajar membaca bertema cinta nabi muhammad
The relationship between closed-mindedness and militant extremism in a post-conflict society
Authors: Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Knezevic Goran , Međedović Janko Mileta , Petrović Boban , Stankov Lazar
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to examine the role of socio-political attitudes and motivational tendencies supposed to mark closed-mindedness, as well as other relevant variables of individual differences (Disintegration, i.e., proneness to psychotic-like experiences/ behaviors and Death Anxiety), in the Militant Extremist Mindset (MEM). A community sample of 600 young respondents (Serbs, Bosniaks, and Albanians, aged 18-30) was recruited within a multiethnic region of Serbia that experienced armed conflict during the break-up of the former Yugoslavia. The best-fitted SEM model, incorporating measurement and structural relationships between the variables, showed that the latent factor of Closed-mindedness predicted all three aspects of MEM as well as Neighborhood Grudge, i.e., resentment toward neighboring ethnicities. The effects of Disintegration and Death Anxiety on MEM were entirely mediated by Closed-mindedness. Compared to previous findings, Closed-mindedness appears to represent the most important set of cognitive and motivational tendencies that channel protracted intergroup tensions into militant extremism.
The Social Consequences of Frequent versus Infrequent Apologizing PREPRINT
Authors: Schumann Karina , Ritchie Emily Grace , Forest Amanda Lynn
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness of interpersonal apologies is well established, but most existing research has examined the benefits of isolated apologies. How do apologies function when considered in the context of a transgressor’s apology baseline—the frequency with which they tend to apologize for their behavior? In three studies using correlational and experimental methods, we examined whether people consider others’ apology baselines when evaluating both their character and specific apologies from them. In Study 1, participants with high (vs. low) apology baselines believed that others judge them as higher in communion and lower in agency, which was consistent with how people actually judged high (vs. low) baseline apologizers (Studies 2 and 3). Having a high apology baseline was also indirectly associated with more favorable reactions to a specific apology via communion judgments. These studies are the first to examine apology baselines, revealing their importance for shaping interpersonal evaluations and conflict resolution processes.
Validation of the Child-version of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire of repetitive negative thinking in young people with diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Hitchcock Caitlin , Brown Renee , Cobham Vanessa E.
Published: May 2021

This paper sought to provide the first validation of a transdiagnostic measure of repetitive negative thinking – the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire-Child version (PTQ-C) – in young people diagnosed with anxiety and depressive disorders. Participants (N = 114) were 11- to 17-year-olds with complex and comorbid presentations seeking treatment through Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Confirmatory factor analyses best supported a three-factor model for the PTQ-C; however, hypotheses of both perfect and close fit were rejected, and a subsequent bifactor model suggested minimal unique variance for each subscale. Results demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity and divergent validity for the total score and three PTQ-S subscales: core characteristics, perceived unproductiveness, and consumed mental capacity of negative repetitive thinking. PTQ-C scores did not account for additional variance in anxiety symptoms once worry was considered, indicating that retention of a content-specific measure may be warranted in clinical samples. Findings emphasize the importance of validating clinically relevant measures which were developed with subclinical populations in samples with diagnosed mental health disorders.
Modes: Cohesive Personality States and their Inter-relationships as Organizing Concepts in Psychopathology
Authors: Lazarus Gal , Rafaeli Eshkol
Published: May 2021

We propose a transdiagnostic approach which centers on modes, state-like manifestations of personality that function as cohesive organizational units. Modes are characterized by specific profiles of affects, behaviors, cognitions, and desires that tend to be co-activated. Each mode is typically experienced as having its own distinct experiential and agentic qualities. A mode-based approach to psychopathology builds on recent analytic and methodological developments which demonstrate the value of modeling personality states dynamically, as well as on longstanding theoretical and empirical traditions that highlight the pragmatic clinical utility of such conceptualizations. We seek to illustrate how the conceptualization of psychopathology in terms of modes and their dynamic inter-relations holds considerable transdiagnostic promise. As background, we review both theory and research from philosophical accounts of selfhood, developmental psychology, social and personality psychology, and diverse psychotherapy models which lay the foundation for this mode-based approach to psychopathology. We elaborate on this foundation and (in Section I of our online supplement) provide examples of the approach’s explicit or implicit relevance to several classes of psychopathology, including dissociative, trauma-related, mood, anxiety, obsessional, substance, psychotic, and personality disorders. After addressing the clinical utility of mode-based conceptualizations, we lay out a research blueprint for assessing and modeling modes, and (in Section II of the online supplement) present a broader research agenda highlighting intriguing empirical questions regarding modes in psychopathology. We conclude by noting that the time seems ripe for modes to be (re-)introduced as an organizing construct for understanding psychopathology and personality.
Bridging the divide: The effect of humanizing information on attitudes toward political outgroup members
Authors: Koetke Jonah , Conrique Beverly , Schumann Karina
Published: May 2021

Liberals and conservatives in the United States dislike and dehumanize those on the other side. This divide leads to political stalemates, destroyed relationships, and even violence. We examined the benefits of humanizing members of the political outgroup by providing people with humanizing information—cues that signal a person’s cognitive and emotional complexity. We examined the effectiveness of humanizing information in three preregistered experiments (N = 1389). Study 1 tested whether learning humanizing information about an outgroup member would reduce bias towards them, relative to a control containing only political information. Study 2 sought to replicate this effect by comparing the humanizing information to a control that contained non-humanizing individuating information. Study 3 tested this effect in the timely context of social media feeds, while also testing whether the benefits of learning humanizing information extended to additional members of the outgroup. Each methodology revealed that, compared to those who read non-humanizing controls, participants who learned humanizing information about a political outgroup member were less hostile and more empathic toward that outgroup member. All three studies also provided evidence that judging the outgroup member as more human contributed to this reduction in bias. Further, Study 3 revealed that the benefits of humanizing information extended to members of the outgroup that were connected to the humanized member. The current studies thus identify a promising avenue for reducing interparty hostility.
Drug markets and COVID-19: A spatiotemporal study of drug offence detection rates in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Payne Jason Leslie , Langfield Cameron Thomas
Published: May 2021

In many parts of the world, the social mobility restrictions and stay-at-home orders introduced during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with significant reductions in crime. However, contrary to this general finding, illicit drug offence detections increased significantly. In this study, we explore the geographical distribution of the increase in Queensland, Australia, using spatiotemporal generalised additive model (GAM) to identify locations in the Local Government Area (LGA) of Brisbane where drug offence detection rates were unusually high during the three months of the COVID-19 lockdown (April-June 2020). Contrary to expectation, we find that the increase in drug offence detection rates appears to have been modest in most places, but widespread and diffuse throughout the city. We conclude that drug offence detections are most likely to have increased incidentally, probably as a consequence of general street policing initiatives which saw an increase in the visibility and vulnerability of drug user communities. We do, however, identify five locations in Brisbane where the drug offence detection rate exceeded the prediction by a considerable margin (in one case, more than double the worst case prediction). We argue that in these locations the increase was likely the result of some spatial displacement of inner-city drug markets coupled with a series of targeted policing activities. Further research is needed to clarify the true mechanism of change in these locations.
How to Increase Survey Response and Manage the Postal and Face-to-Face Field Work of Participant Recruitment during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Note with Preliminary Evidence from Immigrant-Origin and Native Voters in a German Metropolis in Spring 2021
Authors: Goerres Achim , Elis Jonas , Mayer Sabrina Jasmin , Spies Dennis
Published: May 2021

This note presents preliminary evidence from a postal and face-to-face recruitment field for a telephone survey during the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawn from the city register of Duisburg, a metropolis of 500,000 inhabitants, voters eligible for the September 2021 Bundestag elections are the target population. They are stratified into four groups by onomastic classification: native Germans, Germans of Turkish Descent, Germans with a (Post-) Soviet background and Germans of any other immigrant origin. This note presents ten measures of optimising the recruitment of individuals from these four groups under the constraints of an all-encompassing high-incidence pandemic with distance measures and curfews in place, with closed shops and schools and reduced other care facilities. In addition, the report puts forward statistical analyses of some measures applied in an experimental design and estimates the overall and per-person-recruited costs. Overall, the pandemic forced us to make drastic changes to research design and field organisation and to invest much more time and money than planned. Especially overburdened postal deliveries and restrictive policies for public places made the endeavour most difficult. So far, the ongoing fieldwork has produced a response rate of 8.2 % (only individuals willing to participate in telephone interview) with 11.0 % as a likely expected outcome. One individual recruited to take part in the telephone panel survey costs an estimated 53-71 €.Early-bird incentives produced a positive response (meaning the willingness to partake in the survey) of 5.5 % compared to 4.0 % among those without early-bird incentives. The most effective measure to boost overall positive response among initial non-responders was in-person canvassing with unconditional incentive (21.3 %) instead of postal reminders (9.9 %). Canvassing a smaller group of people in person proved to be as costly as reminding a larger group of people in writing: we estimated costs of 60-61 € per additionally recruited survey participants through either channel.
Designing Dispersion Flattened Photonic Crystal Fiber For Wideband Applications
Authors:   Department Of Electrical Engineering, Institute Of Business Management, Karachi Pakistan, Bashir Kubra , Zaman Rabia ,   Department Of Electrical Engineering, Institute Of Business Management, Karachi Pakistan, Ahmed Irfan ,   Department Of Electronic Engineering, NED University Of Engineering And Technology, Karachi Pakistan, Aslam Muhammad Imran ,   Department Of Electronic Engineering, NED University Of Engineering And Technology, Karachi Pakistan
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we proposed a dispersion flattened photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for having very low dispersion for wide bandwidth as well as low confinement loss. The proposed fiber has been numerically analyzed for Silica core as well as Borosilicate crown glass core with square lattice air holes. In the proposed design we have used elliptical air holes in the inner ring whereas outer rings are circular. Finite Element Method based software tool is used to analyze the proposed design. This comparison of core materials deduces that Borosilicate crown glass PCF produces negative dispersion, making it a good candidate to be used as Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF), whereas Silica PCF provides nearly zero dispersion at wavelength range 1.35 µm to 1.70 µm.
The 2014 Israel-Hamas Conflict
Authors: Benhamou Eve
Published: May 2021

The eruption of a new military conflict between Israel and Hamas in the summer of 2014 was at first followed by unequivocal French support for Israel’s right to defend itself. However, the rising death toll in Gaza and the spread of a pro-Palestinian protest movement on French soil altered this position radically, making way for an assertive French peace initiative. This article adopts a historical perspective and relies on a comprehensive analysis of French public sources to examine the impact exerted by this distant conflict over French foreign and domestic policies throughout the war and its aftermath. Ultimately, it shows that, although France’s determination to take action was in part motivated by foreign policy factors, public opinion played an important, if not equivalent, role in the country’s diplomatic activism.
A Postmodernist Critique of Michaelides' The Silent Patient
Authors: Ashraf Ayesha , Zaidi Saba , Aqeel Asim
Published: May 2021

This critique endeavors to analyze Alex Michaelides' novel The Silent Patient (2019) in the light of Lyotard's theoretical philosophy of postmodernism. Postmodernism is a contemporary movement that poses significant challenges to conventional assumptions of knowledge, rationality, truth, and objectivity. The concept of postmodernity also involves the discussion of a complex set of ideas and theoretical discourses which resist a fixed definition and final closure. Jean Francois Lyotard's theory of postmodern metanarratives versus mininarratives was proposed and published in his The Postmodern Condition (1979). For this study, textual analysis as a research method has been used to trace the presence of postmodern characteristics in certain words, dialogues and conversations between the characters. The research ends with findings and recommendations for future research.
Impact of self Esteem in the Context of Higher Education Rawalpindi and Islamabad University Students
Authors: Kanwal Wajiha , Aziz Tahir , Saqib Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2021

Self-esteem describes a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. It is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring. Self-Esteem can involve a variety of beliefs about self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions and behavior. The target population of this study was the students of universities at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected through a stratified random sampling technique. Two universities were selected, and an equal number of students from each university was targeted to constitute a sample of 510 respondents. Data were analyzed with various statistics, which provided an insight that students differ in terms of self-esteem. It was concluded that Younger students (1st and 2nd semester) experience higher self-esteem than the older students; younger students also have higher scores on selfacceptance and self-competence, and academic competence, while older students (3rd & 4th semester) have a higher score on physical and social competence.
Development of Social Skills: A Study Comparing Male and Female Students' Social Skills in Public Schools of Lahore
Authors: Rashid Tallat , Shehzadi Kiran , Yousaf Farzana
Published: May 2021

The study explored the developed social skills between male and female students at the elementary level. A total of 550 Students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling in the district of Lahore. Explored social skills included accepting criticism, showing respect, solving problems, accepting rights & responsibilities and tolerance of individual differences. A scale consisting of sixty-nine items was developed and standardized through factor analysis. The instrument was checked and ensured for reliability measures using Cronbach's Alpha (r = .75, p < .05). Five factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis using the principal component matrix measuring students' level of social skills at the elementary level. Results of the study showed statistically significant difference based on the gender of the student for the subscale "accepting criticism", revealing male students being more developed in social skill compared to their female counterparts, whereas female students were found more mature for the social skill requiring tolerance of individual differences as compared to male students. The study has implications for future researchers and school authorities.
A Study of Genderlect features in "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James
Authors: Ali Akbar Fasiha , Yasmin Khan Mamona , Chaudhary Fariha
Published: May 2021

Gendered language not only focuses on what is said but also includes how to express that thought. This paper attempts to investigate the differences between the speech style of men and women. Data of ten passages have been collected from the novel "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James and analyzed qualitatively by using Deborah Tannen's Difference approach. The results of this study show that there are notable differences that distinguish men's communication pattern from women because of different established norms and culture of that society. Moreover, this study can be helpful to bridge the communication gulf between the two genders. Furthermore, this study can reveal to maintain a healthy atmosphere and raises awareness in society by understanding their different style of utterances. In addition, it also proves very helpful for the language teachers teaching to teach the learners according to their culture.
Uzgoj crnog kima (Nigella sativa L.) kao ljekovite i ukrasne vrste
Authors: Horvat Dijana , Židovec Vesna , Vukobratović Maja
Published: May 2021

Crni kim (Nigella sativa L.) posljednjih godina privlači sve veću pažnju znanstvenika zbog ljekovitih i aromatskih svojstva, te ukrasne vrijednosti. Skromni agrotehnički zahtjevi, otpornost na bolesti i štetnike te višestruka namjena čini ovu vrstu potencijalno isplativom za uvođenje u poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je prikazati taksonomsku pripadnost, morfološka svojstva, upotrebnu vrijednost i tehnologiju uzgoja crnog kima. Rod Nigella je mali rod unutar porodice žabnjaka (Ranunculaceae Juss.), a predstavnici roda su jednogodišnje vrste kratke vegetacije rasprostranjene na području Euroazije, Sjeverne Afrike, istočnog Sredozemlja i Bliskog Istoka. Najpoznatiji predstavnik roda je crni kim (Nigella sativa L.) koji se zbog ljekovitih svojstava komercijalno uzgaja u Turskoj, Indiji, Pakistanu i Jordanu. U Europi sve više raste upotreba sjemena i ulja, ali nema komercijalne proizvodnje zbog nedovoljno istraženih uvjeta uzgoja. U klimatskim uvjetima sjeverozapadne Hrvatske sjetvom u proljetnom roku i gnojidbom dušikom i fosforom postignuti su zadovoljavajući prinosi sjemena čime se otvara put uzgoju ove vrste u komercijalne svrhe, ali potrebno je provesti dodatna istraživanja da bi se točno definirala tehnologija uzgoja na našim prostorima.
Managing Social Studies Education Curriculum for National Development
Authors: Adu Emmanuel O.
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on the roles of the social studies education curriculum in addressing national development in Nigeria. It examines the existing social studies curriculum viz-a-viz its roles in national development and challenges faced by social studies teachers in its implementation. The study advocates that learners should be taught the skill of problem-solving, critical thinking, moral and character education at the early stage of life for self-development of the learner and eventual national development. Nigerian society is the focus of this study. The paper concludes that the young ones are the instrument for national development; Nigeria can attain national development if they acquire the right types of skills (problem-solving skills), values, and attitudes. Part of the recommendations made was that government should set up a conference of curriculum experts to review the social studies curriculum in line with the current realities like insecurity, kidnapping, and other vices amongst others.
Identity crisis and its relationship to depression in adolescents
Authors:   Koya University, Raswl Jwan Nwri
Published: May 2021

The research aims to know the level of depression and identity crisis among high school students of Koisnjaq city and to know the relationship between them as well as to clarify the impact of gender differences on them. To achieve this, a hundred students participated randomly. To collect data, the research adopted the two measures of identity and depression crisis. The validity and reliability of both scales were at a satisfactory level. After collecting and analyzing the information using the statistical package for social sciences (spss), the results showed that the level of depression on its edge as a clinical disease, and that the participants suffer from a certain level of identity crisis, and the results did not show any statistically significant relationship between the level of depression and the identity crisis. Finally, gender differences did not appear to be statistically significant for both depression and identity crisis.
social and cultural issues in ‘The Slave Yards’
Authors:   Arabic Department, Faculty of Ars, Soran University, Younis Abdullah Bairam , Hamad Amin Amir Ahmed ,   Arabic Department, Faculty of Ars, Soran University
Published: May 2021

The novel of ‘The Slave Yards’ by Najwa Bin Shatwan, is not only a biographic of his daughter Atiqa, in which they were lived through depression, and misery. Also, it is not a narration of Libya’s history, while the novel is about the intellectual, social and cultural issues. The author tried to present that matters in a high level. In general, that novel can be distinguished with the other novels in numerous social references, and the ability to identify them in a narrative form, in which the social references are related to the relationships of individuals with each other. The author tried to control the events, and to link the role of the characters to each other. Also, the author presents the events which they are imposed by reality, and in any changes their real social meaning will be changed as well. In this regard, we highlight those issues into two points: the first one is highlighting the traditions and customs, and the second one is highlighting the folklore songs, myths, and religious places. Key Words: Slave Carpets, Social references, Myths, Popular Songs, Customs
The impact of the religious geographical factor on the tourist attraction in Erbil City
Authors:   Tourism Foundation Administration Department, Erbil Administrative Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Hussein Bahzad Hilmi
Published: May 2021

Religious tourism is defined as traveling from one country to another or moving within the borders of a country with its own eyes to visit the holy places. It is tourism that is concerned with the spiritual side of the human being. It is also a mixture of religious and heritage contemplation for the sake of calling and drawing closer to God. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq in general, and the city of Erbil in particular, is a region and a tourist city in which all the elements of natural tourism are available, both human and natural, as the city of Erbil has many tourist elements that depend on it for tourist attraction, whether it is locally from within the region or abroad. Religious tourism has recently emerged as an economic pattern of great use in the budgets of countries and societies. It has become worthy of official and societal attention to the extent that a country is no longer devoid of a religious landmark that strengthens the public tourism system and helps support the national economy. Based on the realization of the utmost importance of the economic viability of religious tourism for the Kurdistan Region and the city of Erbil, this study tries to show that the city of Erbil possesses many places and religious tourist sites, as it has gained an independent personality that can influence the effect of economic change in the study area, after being familiar with the current situation of this economics The vital sector, and then developing an integrated vision for its future, believing in its importance as one of the alternative economic sectors worthy of parallel to oil in the Kurdistan Region, and a sense of the need to move forward in identifying priorities for economic planning, and exploring the financial streams that are more flexible and faster in terms of the ability to strengthen the general budget of the region. For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research and reaching the results of the study, the research was divided into four sections, where the first one deals with the definition of the study area, and the second study deals with the definition of the importance of the religious geographic factor and the components of religious tourism in the study area, and in the third section we deal with the spatial distribution of the variables of the religious tourism components in a city Erbil. As for the fourth topic, it analyzes the reality of religious tourism in the city of Erbil. And then, in the end, to refer to the researcher's conclusions, and the most important recommendations that the researcher recommends for the development and development of religious tourism in the study area.
The ramification of the Corona pandemic on national security and its effects on countries around the world in the light of the rules of international law
Authors:   Department of War Studies, King's College London, Ihsan Mohammed , Aziz Zana Rasheed ,   Law Relations Department, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Management, Soran University
Published: May 2021

This research aims to discuss the national security measures under international law and the threats to peace and security, now-days which include not only wars and conflicts at the international level but also terrorism, environmental breakdown and infectious diseases, etc. Infectious diseases are non-traditional threats to national security while at the same time they are threatening international peace and security. With the emergence and rapid spread of the (Covid-19), it has become noticeable threat to the international community and has political, economic, and health impacts. Therefore, this research focuses on the effects of the Corona-virus and the role of international and regional organizations in confronting it. It also indicates incompatibility of international co-ordination, especially the major countries in facing this epidemic. Consequently, this led to the failure of the political blocs that formed in the second half of the twentieth century and split some of them, as the European and African Union, the Arab League and other formations in other areas of the world. Key words: coronavirus (COVID-19), National Security, International and Peace Security.
The Echo of Political Developments in Kurdistan - Iraq (February 8th - November 18th , 1963) In the Palestinian press (Palestine Newspaper) as a model
Authors:   Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, University of Zakho, Mohamad Sherzad Zakaria
Published: May 2021

Palestine Newspaper is one of the most important Palestinian newspapers, as it was published during (1911-1967). The newspaper attached great importance to the political developments in Iraq and Kurdistan, following the February 8th, 1963 coup, until the November 18th, 1963 coup. Since the first day of the coup, it followed the Kurds' position towards it, and then a Kurdish delegation went to conduct negotiations in Baghdad. Closely, the newspaper kept following the developments of those negotiations. It was constantly relaying the statements of Iraqi and Kurdish officials about negotiations. Until fighting broke out again on June 10th, 1963, when the newspaper published almost daily governmental data regarding its military operations in Kurdistan. The newspaper also followed and published the data and statements of the leadership of the Kurdish revolution. As well as following up on the positions of other countries on the Kurdish issue, especially the Soviet Union and Syria. In fact, the newspaper is one of the good and important sources on the developments of the Kurdish national movement in Iraq at that stage. Keywords: Palestine Newspaper , Iraq, Kurdistan, Ba'ath Party, Soviet Union.
Non-Dualism: Thanatos and Eros in Edgar Allan Poe’s Poetry
Authors:   English Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Murad Ibrahim A.
Published: May 2021

The life drive and its seemingly opposite, death drive, are inherent powers in man’s mind and psyche since the beginning of life on earth and will last for life. These powers, therefore, draw a great deal of attention in every aspect of life, the social, scientific, philosophical, and literary fields being the most prominent among them. The study is an attempt, through three sections and a conclusion, to elucidate the range of the interrelations between the two powers through several poetic works of the American gothic writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). It is supposed that for him as well, they could be complementary power drives. After critical analyses of extracts of some of his poems, the study concludes some main points, the most prominent of which is that Eros and Thanatos complete each other in many of Poe’s poems. The study used some newly disclosed up-to-date sources about the poet’s life and works to help in coming up with valuable conclusions that can help researchers who may be interested in writing about this poet’s works and poems in the future. Keywords: instinct, power, Eros, complementary, elucidate, prominent, Poe
Peer Assessment in EFL Writing Classes: Investigating Kurdish Students’ Attitudes
Authors:   College of Basic Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Zahawi Qismat M.
Published: May 2021

Peer assessment refers to students assessing their peers' work and providing grades and/or feedback. This study investigates Kurdish EFL students' attitudes toward peer assessment. To this end, the peer assessment technique will be utilised in teaching academic writing to second-year students in the English Department, College of Basic Education. Participants will be trained on how to assess their peers' writing by using Jacobs et al 's (1981) writing scale as a descriptor grading model. This scale provides five subscales for evaluating a written paragraph, namely: content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. After implementing this model for 16 weeks, the students have shown positive attitudes toward implementing peer assessment in their writing classes as a practical assessment technique.
The Effect of Administrative Services on Students’ Satisfaction
Authors: Elina Perdawati Radia , Hafulyon Hafulyon
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe the effect of administrative personnel services on students’ satisfaction. This was descriptive quantitative research that involved 110 students of state junior high schools in Solok as the sample. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was constructed based on related theories. The data analysis included testing validity, testing reliability, descriptive analysis, and simple linear regression. The findings described that there was no significant relationship between the quality of administrative services and students’ satisfaction. It indicates that administrative services should pay attention to several aspects including tangibles, reliability, responsibility, assurance, and empathy to achieve students’ satisfaction.
Comparison of high- and low-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty with manipulative reduction for the treatment of Kümmell’s disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Jingcheng , Wang Yongxiang , Feng Xinmin
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes and cement leakage rate between high-viscosity and low-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with manipulative reduction in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease (KD). METHOD: PVP using high-viscosity cement (Group H) or low-viscosity cement (Group L) with manipulative reduction was compared in 86 KD patients. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), vertebral height, kyphosis angle and complications were evaluated and compared preoperative, one day postoperative, and at final follow-up. RESULTS: The VAS score, ODI score, mean anterior and middle vertebral height variation significantly improved in both groups postoperatively. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups considering the above results preoperative and postoperative. Significantly less cement leakage (13.6%) and shorter operative time (35.6 ± 5.1 min) were observed in Group H when compared with Group L (45.2% and 41.1 ± 5.3 min) (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes and radiologic findings of PVP with manipulative reduction was not influenced by cement viscosity. However, high cement viscosity PVP was found to be significant less cement leakage and shorter operative time.
Acute cardiovascular stress induced by shoulder vibratory exercise of different amplitudes
Authors: Lin Wujian , Wang Weiming , Wu Lishan , Andersen Lars Louis , Wang Yuling
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Vibration exercise has been investigated to enhance muscle activation, however, the effect of different amplitude vibratory exercises on cardiovascular stress is less understood. OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to explore the acute effect of shoulder vibratory exercises with different postures and amplitudes on the cardiovascular response in healthy adults. METHODS: Using a repeated measures randomized design, 36 subjects performed three different sessions with FLEXI-BAR exercise (FBE): (1) zero-amplitude, (2) small-amplitude, (3) large-amplitude. Each session included three different shoulder positions: 45-, 90- and 180-degree flexion. Heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored continuously, while systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) were measured before and after each exercise session. RESULTS: Compared with zero-amplitude, both small- and large-amplitude FBE protocols induced higher SBP. By contrast, DBP decreased with small- and large-amplitude. The RPP immediately after the exercise session were higher than at baseline. For high frequency, low frequency of HRV and HR there was a main effect of amplitude. CONCLUSION: Small- and large-amplitude FBE increased significantly SBP, RPE, HRV, HR and induced lower DBP, but the changes were modest, suggesting that FBE impose no extra threats to cardiovascular stress.
Differences in regional and global lumbar angle during slumped sitting and upright sitting among global three subgroups
Authors: Shin Sun-Shil , Yoo Won-Gyu
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in regional lumbar lordosis (RLL) and global lumbar lordosis (GLL) angle during slumped sitting and upright sitting among three global subgroups. METHODS: A total of 48 young asymptomatic volunteers stood in a comfortable posture, sat upright, and sat in a slumped position for 5 seconds, with inertial measurement units attached to the T10, L3, and S2 vertebrae. According to standing measurement, the participants were categorized into flat-back (GLL < 20∘), normal lordosis (20∘⩽ GLL < 30∘), and hyper-lordosis (30∘⩽ GLL < 40∘) groups. RESULTS: Both the GLL and RLL in the flat-back group were reduced lumbar lordosis in the upright sitting posture and increased lumbar kyphosis in the slumped sitting postures compared to the other groups (p< 0.05), but the range of motion during the transition from upright sitting to slumped sitting was lower than that of the normal and hyper-lordosis groups (p< 0.05). GLL in standing was a moderate correlation with GLL and RLL during upright sitting (p< 0.05). However, there was a strong correlation between GLL and RLL kinematics during upright and slumped sitting (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Flat-back posture is a potential source of low back pain during both upright and slumped sitting compared to the normal and hyper-lordosis groups. Posture measurements in a standing and sitting position conducted to assess lordosis should consider the relationship between GLL and RLL.