bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided localization of the radial nerve along the humerus: providing reference points for safer upper arm surgery
Authors: Da Silva T. , Mueck D. , Knop C. , Merkle T.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The close proximity of the radial nerve to the humerus poses a risk during upper arm surgery. Although the general course of the radial nerve is well-known, its exact position in relation to anatomical reference points remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to develop a standardized protocol for the sonographic and clinical identification of the radial nerve in the upper arm. The ultimate goal is to assist surgeons in avoiding iatrogenic radial nerve palsy.

Methods

A total of 76 measurements were performed in 38 volunteers (both sides). Ultrasound measurements were performed using a linear transducer (10 MHz) to identify the radial nerve at two key points: RD (where the radial nerve crosses the dorsal surface of the humerus) and RL (where the radial nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the humerus). Distances from specific reference points (acromion, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, olecranon fossa) to RD and RL were measured, and the angle between the course of the nerve and the humeral axis was recorded. Humeral length was defined as the distance between the posterodorsal corner of the acromion and the lateral epicondyle.

Results

The distance from the lateral epicondyle to RD was on average 15.5 cm ± 1.3, corresponding to 50% of the humeral length. The distance from the lateral epicondyle to RL was on average 6.7 cm ± 0.8, corresponding to 21% of the humeral length. The course of the nerve between RD and RL showed an average angulation of 37° to the anatomical axis of the humerus. Gender, BMI, dominant hand, and arm thickness did not correlate with the distances to RD or RL. Measurements were consistent between the left and right side.

Conclusion

The radial nerve can typically be identified by employing a 1/2 and 1/5 ratio on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the humerus. Due to slight variations in individual anatomy, the utilization of ultrasound-assisted visualization presents a valuable and straightforward approach to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy during upper arm surgery. This study introduces an easy and fast protocol for this purpose.
Analyzing Covid-19 Pandemic Through Cases and Spillover Effect: Cross Wavelet Transformation of Mobility in the Countries
Authors: Dogan Ibrahim , Dogan Aydan , Gurbuz Suleyman , Cirakli Umit
Published: July 2024

This research examines the relationship between daily Covid-19 cases and public mobility for six different places, where mobility can be high, in Brazil, the UK, and the USA. We tried to show how the spreading effect of infectious diseases occurs in places where human mobility is intense. The data consists of daily data covering the periods from 28/02/2020 to 08/02/2021, which includes the database of Our World in Data and Google Mobility Reports. Basically, there is a positive correlation between mobility and case numbers. Results in the paper differ from country to country. That is to say, mobility in grocery stores and pharmacies can be said to have an impact on the number of cases in all three countries. Brazil is the country where mobility in parks has the strongest impact. The country which has the lowest frequency in retail outlets is America.
Accurate approximations of classical and generalized binomial coefficients
Authors: Lampret Vito
Published: July 2024

Several sharp approximations of the generalized-binomial-coefficient function having real arguments are presented on the basis of Stirling’s approximation formula for $$\Gamma $$
Γ
function.
(Levamisole Adulterated) Cocaine-Induced Vasculitis: What Is Known/Current Evidence
Authors: Donkers Johan W. J. , Feijen Robert A. , Rutgers Abraham
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review

(Levamisole adulterated) cocaine can cause a number of symptoms. One of the most severe is cocaine-induced vasculitis, which is hard to both diagnose and treat. We conducted a review to summarize the most recent findings on symptomatology, treatment options, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positivity and pathophysiology.

Recent findings

In the past years multiple large cohort studies have been published extensively describing the symptomology and rates of ANCA positivity in patients with (levamisole-adulterated) cocaine-induced vasculitis. These studies also give more insight into the effects of different treatment strategies.

The mainstay of treatment is abstinence of cocaine supported by antibiotics in case of concomitant infections and/or immunosuppressive medication depending on symptoms. ANCA positivity is a hallmark of more extensive disease and is a characteristic of immune system activation. In cocaine-induced vasculitis, dual positivity for both proteinase 3(PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA is described and some patients are found to have human elastase type (HNE-)ANCA. HNE-ANCA positivity varies in patients with cocaine-induced midline destruction (CIMDL) from 28-84%, but has not been researched thoroughly in patients with cocaine-induced vasculitis. We present our hypothesis of a “sliding-scale” by which CIMDL turns into cocaine-induced systemic vasculitis based upon recent literature and we describe the mechanisms by which cocaine-induced vasculitis develops.
Deep Learning Models for Aorta Segmentation in Computed Tomography Images: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ting-Wei , Tzeng Yun-Hsuan , Hong Jia-Sheng , Liu Ho-Ren , Wu Kuan-Ting , Fu Hao-Neng , Lee Yung-Tsai , Yin Wei-Hsian , Wu Yu-Te
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of deep learning (DL) models for aorta segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods

Adhering to 2020 PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to March 13, 2024, that used DL models for aorta segmentation in adults’ chest CT images. We excluded studies that did not use DL models, involved nonhuman subjects or aortic diseases (aneurysms and dissections), or lacked essential data for meta-analysis. Segmentation performance was evaluated primarily in terms of Dice scores. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify variations related to geographical location and methodology.

Results

Our review of 16 studies indicated that DL models achieve high segmentation accuracy, with a pooled Dice score of 96%. We further noted geographical variations in model performance but no significant publication bias, according to the Egger test.

Conclusion

DL models facilitate aorta segmentation in CT images, and they can therefore guide accurate, efficient, and standardized diagnosis and treatment planning for cardiovascular diseases. Future studies should address the current challenges to enhance model generalizability and evaluate clinical benefits and thus expand the application of DL models in clinical practice.
Magnesium Isotopes Archive the Initial Carbonate Abundances of Metasedimentary Rocks Prior to Thermal Decarbonation
Authors: Shi Qingshang , He Yongsheng , Zhao Zhidan , Rolfo Franco , Groppo Chiara , Harris Nigel , Wu Hongjie , Qi Ningyuan , Ke Shan
Published: July 2024

Investigating the carbonate preservation efficiency (CPE) of continental crust is crucial to understand the global carbon cycle, which requires constraints on initial carbonate abundances (ICAs) of crustal rocks. To link Mg isotopes to ICAs, we present elemental and Mg isotopic data for Himalayan carbonate‐bearing and carbonate‐free metasedimentary rocks. Given no evident melt extraction or external‐fluid infiltration, ICAs of these samples can be independently estimated by elemental data. Despite different carbonate species in the protoliths, all the samples show congruent relationship between their δ26Mg and ICAs, owing to the elevated carbonate δ26Mg and Mg/Ca in protoliths of calcite‐rich samples resulting from diagenetic processes. When collated with literature data, we suggest the observed correlation here can be applied to most carbonate‐bearing (meta‐)sedimentary rocks. Based on a steady state box‐model, we constrained the modern net carbonate accretion flux ( Tmol/year) and the average time‐integrated CPE (∼%) for continental crust.
Solar Radiation Triggers the Bimodal Leaf Phenology of Central African Evergreen Broadleaved Forests
Authors: Liu Liyang , Ciais Philippe , Maignan Fabienne , Zhang Yuan , Viovy Nicolas , Peaucelle Marc , Kearsley Elizabeth , Hufkens Koen , Bauters Marijn , Chapman Colin A. , Fu Zheng , Lin Shangrong , Lu Haibo , Ren Jiashun , Yang Xueqin , He Xianjin , Chen Xiuzhi
Published: July 2024

Central African evergreen broadleaved forests around the equator exhibit a double annual cycle for canopy phenology and carbon uptake seasonality. The underlying drivers of this behavior are poorly understood and the double seasonality is not captured by land surface models (LSM). In this study, we developed a new leaf phenology module into the ORCHIDEE LSM (hereafter ORCHIDEE‐AFP), which utilizes short‐wave incoming radiation (SWd) as the main driver of leaf shedding and partial rejuvenation of the canopy, to simulate the double seasonality of central African forests. The ORCHIDEE‐AFP model has been evaluated by using field data from two forest sites and satellite observations of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which is a proxy of young leaf area index (LAIYoung) with leafage less than 6 months, as well as six products of GPP or GPP proxies. Results demonstrate that ORCHIDEE‐AFP successfully reproduces observed leaf turnover (R = 0.45) and young leaf abundance (R = 0.74), and greatly improve the representation of the bimodal leaf phenology. The proportion of grid cells with a significant positive correlation between the seasonality of modeled LAIYoung and observed EVI increased from 0.2% in the standard model to 27% in the new model. For photosynthesis, the proportions of grid cells with significant positive correlations between modeled and observed seasonality range from 26% to 65% across the six GPP evaluation products. The improved performance of the ORCHIDEE‐AFP model in simulating leaf phenology and photosynthesis of central African forests will allow a more accurate assessment of the impacts of climate change in tropical forests.
A Hydrochemical Method for Identifying Orbital Imprints of Dust in Paleofluvial Sequences
Authors: Yan Zhongyi , Yang Yibo , Han Wenxia , Liu Yudong , Liu Xiaoming , Fang Xiaomin
Published: July 2024

Mineral dust plays an important role in Earth's climate system, yet it is difficult to identify dust imprints in paleofluvial sediments, especially on orbital timescales. Here, we present high‐resolution authigenic carbonate Ca–Mg–Sr compositions in a fluvial sequence under the transport pathway of Asian dust. The Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Sr ratios exhibit distinct transitions in both secular trends and orbital cycles at ∼8 Ma. Before ∼8 Ma, given similar Mg and Sr partitioning behaviors during carbonate formation, hydroclimate changes yielded strong orbital signals in the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios but no detectable signals in the Mg/Sr ratios. After ∼8 Ma, given the strengthened input of Mg‐rich dust during cold‒dry periods, the Mg/Sr and Mg/Ca ratios clearly exhibited orbital signals, but the Sr/Ca ratio did not. Such transitions in carbonate composition corroborate the dust‐induced changes in fluvial hydrochemistry, offering an innovative methodology for detecting orbital dust cycles in paleofluvial systems.
The Spatial Variation of Large‐ and Meso‐Scale Plasma Flow Vorticity Statistics in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere and Implications for Ionospheric Plasma Flow Models
Authors: Chisham G. , Freeman M. P.
Published: July 2024

The ability to understand and model ionospheric plasma flow on all spatial scales has important implications for operational space weather models. This study exploits a recently developed method to statistically separate large‐scale and meso‐scale contributions to probability density functions (PDFs) of ionospheric flow vorticity measured by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). The SuperDARN vorticity data are first sub‐divided depending on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction, and the separation method is applied to PDFs of vorticity compiled in spatial regions of size 1° of geomagnetic latitude by 1 hr of magnetic local time, covering much of the high‐latitude ionosphere in the northern hemisphere. The resulting PDFs are fit by model functions using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the spatial variations of the MLE estimators for both the large‐scale and meso‐scale components are presented. The spatial variations of the large‐scale vorticity estimators are ordered by the average ionospheric convection flow, which is highly dependent on the IMF direction. The spatial variations of the meso‐scale vorticity estimators appear independent of the senses of vorticity and IMF direction, but have a different character in the polar cap, the cusp, the auroral region, and the sub‐auroral region. The paper concludes by discussing the sources of the vorticity components in the different regions, and the consequences for the fidelity of ionospheric plasma flow models.
Changes in the Direct Climate Effect of Black Carbon Aerosols in East Asia Under the “Dual Carbon” Goal of China
Authors: Gao Peng , Gao Yiman , Zhou Yinan , Cao Heng , Hu Yaxin , Li Shu , Liang Shanrong , Wang Tijian , Xie Min , Li Mengmeng , Zhuang Bingliang
Published: July 2024

In the context of China's “dual carbon” goal, emissions of air pollutants are expected to significantly decrease in the future. Thus, the direct climate effects of black carbon (BC) aerosols in East Asia are investigated under this goal using an updated regional climate and chemistry model. The simulated annual average BC concentration over East Asia is approximately 1.29 μg/m3 in the last decade. Compared to those in 2010–2020, both the BC column burden and instantaneous direct radiative forcing in East Asia decrease by more than 55% and 80%, respectively, in the carbon peak year (2030s) and the carbon neutrality year (2060s). Conversely, the BC effective radiative forcing (ERF) and regional climate responses to BC exhibit substantial nonlinearity to emission reduction, possibly resulting from different adjustments of thermal‐dynamic fields and clouds from BC‐radiation interactions. The regional mean BC ERF at the tropopause over East Asia is approximately +1.11 W/m2 in 2010–2020 while negative in the 2060s. BC‐radiation interactions in the present‐day impose a significant annual mean cooling of −0.2 to −0.5 K in central China but warming +0.3 K in the Tibetan Plateau. As China's BC emissions decline, surface temperature responses show a mixed picture compared to 2010–2020, with more cooling in eastern China and Tibet of −0.2 to −0.3 K in the 2030s, but more warming in central China of approximately +0.3 K by the 2060s. The Indian BC might play a more important role in East Asian climate with reduction of BC emissions in China.
Application of polygenic scores to a deeply phenotyped sample enriched for substance use disorders reveals extensive pleiotropy with psychiatric and somatic traits
Authors: Hartwell Emily E. , Jinwala Zeal , Milone Jackson , Ramirez Sarah , Gelernter Joel , Kranzler Henry R. , Kember Rachel L.
Published: July 2024

Co-occurring psychiatric, medical, and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, but the complex pathways leading to such comorbidities are poorly understood. A greater understanding of genetic influences on this phenomenon could inform precision medicine efforts. We used the Yale-Penn dataset, a cross-sectional sample enriched for individuals with SUDs, to examine pleiotropic effects of genetic liability for psychiatric and somatic traits. Participants completed an in-depth interview that provides information on demographics, environment, medical illnesses, and psychiatric and SUDs. Polygenic scores (PGS) for psychiatric disorders and somatic traits were calculated in European-ancestry (EUR; n = 5691) participants and, when discovery datasets were available, for African-ancestry (AFR; n = 4918) participants. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) were then conducted. In AFR participants, the only PGS with significant associations was bipolar disorder (BD), all of which were with substance use phenotypes. In EUR participants, PGS for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SCZ), body mass index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) all showed significant associations, the majority of which were with phenotypes in the substance use categories. For instance, PGSMDD was associated with over 200 phenotypes, 15 of which were depression-related (e.g., depression criterion count), 55 of which were other psychiatric phenotypes, and 126 of which were substance use phenotypes; and PGSBMI was associated with 138 phenotypes, 105 of which were substance related. Genetic liability for psychiatric and somatic traits is associated with numerous phenotypes across multiple categories, indicative of the broad genetic liability of these traits.
Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth
Authors: Johnson Kelsey E. , Hernandez-Alvarado Nelmary , Blackstad Mark , Heisel Timothy , Allert Mattea , Fields David A. , Isganaitis Elvira , Jacobs Katherine M. , Knights Dan , Lock Eric F. , Rudolph Michael C. , Gale Cheryl A. , Schleiss Mark R. , Albert Frank W. , Demerath Ellen W. , Blekhman Ran
Published: July 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus that is often transmitted to the neonate via breast milk. Postnatal CMV transmission can have negative health consequences for preterm and immunocompromised infants, but any effects on healthy term infants are thought to be benign. Furthermore, the impact of CMV on the composition of the hundreds of bioactive factors in human milk has not been tested. Here, we utilize a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding full-term mother-infant pairs to test for differences in the milk transcriptome and metabolome associated with CMV, and the impact of CMV in breast milk on the infant gut microbiome and infant growth. We find upregulation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) tryptophan-to-kynurenine metabolic pathway in CMV+ milk samples, and that CMV+ milk is associated with decreased Bifidobacterium in the infant gut. Our data indicate two opposing CMV-associated effects on infant growth; with kynurenine positively correlated, and CMV viral load negatively correlated, with infant weight-for-length at 1 month of age. These results suggest CMV transmission, CMV-related changes in milk composition, or both may be modulators of full-term infant development.
Single gene analysis in yeast suggests nonequilibrium regulatory dynamics for transcription
Authors: Shelansky Robert , Abrahamsson Sara , Brown Christopher R. , Doody Michael , Lenstra Tineke L. , Larson Daniel R. , Boeger Hinrich
Published: July 2024

Fluctuations in the initiation rate of transcription, the first step in gene expression, ensue from the stochastic behavior of the molecular process that controls transcription. In steady state, the regulatory process is often assumed to operate reversibly, i.e., in equilibrium. However, reversibility imposes fundamental limits to information processing. For instance, the assumption of equilibrium is difficult to square with the precision with which the regulatory process executes its task in eukaryotes. Here we provide evidence — from microscopic analyses of the transcription dynamics at a single gene copy of yeast — that the regulatory process for transcription is cyclic and irreversible (out of equilibrium). The necessary coupling to reservoirs of free energy occurs via sequence-specific transcriptional activators and the recruitment, in part, of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. Our findings may help explain how eukaryotic cells reconcile the dual but opposing requirements for fast regulatory kinetics and high regulatory specificity.
The molecular basis underlying T cell specificity towards citrullinated epitopes presented by HLA-DR4
Authors: Loh Tiing Jen , Lim Jia Jia , Jones Claerwen M. , Dao Hien Thy , Tran Mai T. , Baker Daniel G. , La Gruta Nicole L. , Reid Hugh H. , Rossjohn Jamie
Published: July 2024

CD4+ T cells recognising citrullinated self-epitopes presented by HLA-DRB1 bearing the shared susceptibility epitope (SE) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying T cell receptor (TCR) determinants of epitope specificity towards distinct citrullinated peptide antigens, including vimentin-64cit59-71 and α-enolase-15cit10-22 remain unclear. Using HLA-DR4-tetramers, we examine the T cell repertoire in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice and observe biased TRAV6 TCR gene usage across these two citrullinated epitopes which matches with TCR bias previously observed towards the fibrinogen β−74cit69-81 epitope. Moreover, shared TRAV26-1 gene usage is evident in four α-enolase-15cit10-22 reactive T cells in three human samples. Crystal structures of mouse TRAV6+ and human TRAV26-1+ TCR-HLA-DR4 complexes presenting vimentin-64cit59-71 and α-enolase-15cit10-22, respectively, show three-way interactions between the TCR, SE, citrulline, and the basis for the biased selection of TRAV genes. Position 2 of the citrullinated epitope is a key determinant underpinning TCR specificity. Accordingly, we provide a molecular basis of TCR specificity towards citrullinated epitopes.
Mutational profiling of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease reveals requirements for function, structure, and drug escape
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Go Margareta , Nguyen Julie V. , Kuchel Nathan W. , Lu Bernadine G. C. , Zeglinski Kathleen , Lowes Kym N. , Calleja Dale J. , Mitchell Jeffrey P. , Lessene Guillaume , Komander David , Call Matthew E. , Call Melissa J.
Published: July 2024

Papain-like protease (PLpro) is an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-2 because it is essential for viral replication, cleaving viral poly-proteins pp1a and pp1ab, and has de-ubiquitylation and de-ISGylation activities, affecting innate immune responses. We employ Deep Mutational Scanning to evaluate the mutational effects on PLpro enzymatic activity and protein stability in mammalian cells. We confirm features of the active site and identify mutations in neighboring residues that alter activity. We characterize residues responsible for substrate binding and demonstrate that although residues in the blocking loop are remarkably tolerant to mutation, blocking loop flexibility is important for function. We additionally find a connected network of mutations affecting activity that extends far from the active site. We leverage our library to identify drug-escape variants to a common PLpro inhibitor scaffold and predict that plasticity in both the S4 pocket and blocking loop sequence should be considered during the drug design process.
The silicon vacancy centers in SiC: determination of intrinsic spin dynamics for integrated quantum photonics
Authors: Liu Di , Kaiser Florian , Bushmakin Vladislav , Hesselmeier Erik , Steidl Timo , Ohshima Takeshi , Son Nguyen Tien , Ul-Hassan Jawad , Soykal Öney O. , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: July 2024

The negatively charged silicon vacancy center ($${{\rm{V}}}_{{\rm{Si}}}^{-}$$

V

Si

−

) in silicon carbide (SiC) is an emerging color center for quantum technology covering quantum sensing, communication, and computing. Yet, limited information currently available on the internal spin-optical dynamics of these color centers prevents us from achieving the optimal operation conditions and reaching the maximum performance especially when integrated within quantum photonics. Here, we establish all the relevant intrinsic spin dynamics of the $${{\rm{V}}}_{{\rm{Si}}}^{-}$$

V

Si

−

center at cubic lattice site (V2) in 4H-SiC by an in-depth electronic fine structure modeling including the intersystem-crossing and deshelving mechanisms. With carefully designed spin-dependent measurements, we obtain all the previously unknown spin-selective radiative and non-radiative decay rates. To showcase the relevance of our work for integrated quantum photonics, we use the obtained rates to propose a realistic implementation of time-bin entangled multi-photon GHZ and cluster state generation. We find that up to three-photon GHZ or cluster states are readily within reach using the existing nanophotonic cavity technology.
Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid, FOLFIRINOX, and S-1 as second-line treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel
Authors: Shibuki Taro , Otsuka Taiga , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Nakazawa Junichi , Arima Shiho , Fukahori Masaru , Miwa Keisuke , Okabe Yoshinobu , Koga Futa , Ueda Yujiro , Kubotsu Yoshihito , Makiyama Akitaka , Shimokawa Hozumi , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Nishikawa Kazuo , Komori Azusa , Otsu Satoshi , Hosokawa Ayumu , Sakai Tatsunori , Oda Hisanobu , Kawahira Machiko , Arita Shuji , Honda Takuya , Taguchi Hiroki , Tsuneyoshi Kengo , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Fujita Toshihiro , Sakae Takahiro , Nio Kenta , Ide Yasushi , Ureshino Norio , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuta Toshihiko , Mitsugi Kenji
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to compare second-line treatment outcomes for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine plus nab–paclitaxel (GnP) therapy. We conducted an integrated analysis of two retrospective studies included 318 patients receiving nanoliposomal irinotecan + 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (NFF) (n = 102), S-1 (n = 57), or FOLFIRINOX (n = 14) as second-line treatment. Median overall survival (OS) in the NFF group was 9.08 months, significantly better than S-1 (4.90 months, P = 0.002). FOLFIRINOX had a median OS of 4.77 months, not statistically different from NFF. Subgroup analyses of OS indicated NFF was generally superior, however, a statistical interaction was observed between the treatment regimen in serum Alb < 3.5 g/dL (P = 0.042) and serum CRP ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (P = 0.006). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.93 months for NFF, significantly better than S-1 (2.53 months, P = 0.024), while FOLFIRINOX had a comparable PFS (3.04 months, P = 0.948). Multivariate analysis identified the serum CRP, serum CA19-9, duration of first-line GnP therapy, and use (yes/no) of S-1 for second-line treatment as independent predictors for OS. This study concludes that second-line NFF therapy demonstrated a more favorable OS compared to S-1 therapy, however, it is still important to consider the patient background characteristics while selecting the most appropriate treatment.
Role of Nannochloropsis Oculata supplement in improving performance, antioxidant status, blood metabolites, and egg quality of laying hens under hot environmental conditions
Authors: Emam K. R. S. , Ali Safaa A. M. , Morsy A. S. , Fouda Wafaa A. , Elbaz Ahmed M.
Published: July 2024

The increase in environmental temperature led to economic losses in the poultry industry, urging the use of feed supplements to mitigate the negative effects on chick's welfare and performance. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis Oculata, N. Oculata) additive on commercial Brown Lohmann laying hen's performance, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status under hot environmental conditions. One hundred and eighty birds (34 weeks old with an initial body weight of 1885 ± 23.5 g) were used till 47 weeks. The birds were divided into three equal groups (birds in each group were distributed into four equal replicates 15 hens/ replicate). The 1st group was the control (CON) and was fed the basal diet, while the 2nd (TR1) and 3rd (TR2) groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0% of N. Oculata, respectively. The results showed that total protein and globulin concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in treated groups compared with the control group, whereas, albumin concentration increased (P < 0.05) in TR2 compared to the control group. The concentration of ALT and AST decreased in hens fed N. Oculata. Supplementing with N. Oculata reduced serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations, while glucose concentration increased (P < 0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control group. Serum calcium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Triiodothyronine (T3), and progesterone increased (P < 0.05) in hens fed N. Oculata. N. Oculata supplement improved production performance through a positive effect on egg number, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate. In addition, the overall mean of shell thickness increased (P < 0.05) in hens fed N. Oculata. It can be concluded that the supplementation of 1.0% N. Oculata to the laying hens' diet enhanced productive performance, serum constituents, and antioxidant status under hot environmental conditions.
Shale pore characteristics and their impact on the gas-bearing properties of the Longmaxi Formation in the Luzhou area
Authors: Li Jing , Li Hu , Jiang Wei , Cai Molun , He Jia , Wang Qiang , Li Dingyuan
Published: July 2024

Deep shale has the characteristics of large burial depth, rapid changes in reservoir properties, complex pore types and structures, and unstable production. The whole-rock X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, reservoir physical property parameter testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, high-pressure mercury intrusion testing, CO2 adsorption experimentation, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption testing were performed to study the pore structure characteristics of marine shale reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin. The results show that the deep shale of the Wufeng Formation Longyi1 sub-member in the Luzhou area is superior to that of the Weiyuan area in terms of factors controlling shale gas enrichment, such as organic matter abundance, physical properties, gas-bearing properties, and shale reservoir thickness. SEM is utilized to identify six types of pores (mainly organic matter pores). The porosities of the pyrobitumen pores reach 21.04–31.65%, while the porosities of the solid kerogen pores, siliceous mineral dissolution pores, and carbonate dissolution pores are low at 0.48–1.80%. The pores of shale reservoirs are mainly micropores and mesopores, with a small amount of macropores. The total pore volume ranges from 22.0 to 36.40 μL/g, with an average of 27.46 μL/g, the total pore specific surface area ranges from 34.27 to 50.39 m2/g, with an average of 41.12 m2/g. The pore volume and specific surface area of deep shale gas are positively correlated with TOC content, siliceous minerals, and clay minerals. The key period for shale gas enrichment, which matches the evolution process of shale hydrocarbon generation, reservoir capacity, and direct and indirect cap rocks, is from the Middle to Late Triassic to the present. Areas with late structural uplift, small uplift amplitude, and high formation pressure coefficient characteristics favor preserving shale gas with high gas content and production levels.
A randomised controlled trial of plasma exchange compared to standard of care in the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection (COVIPLEX)
Authors: Arulkumaran Nishkantha , Thomas Mari , Stubbs Matthew , Prasanna Nithya , Subhan Maryam , Singh Deepak , Ambler Gareth , Waller Alessia , Singer Mervyn , Brealey David , Scully Marie
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 disease is associated with a hyperinflammatory, pro-thrombotic state and a high mortality. Our primary objective was to assess the change in inflammatory and thrombotic markers associated with PEX, and secondary objectives were to assess the effects of PEX on progression of respiratory failure and incidence of acute thrombotic events. We conducted a prospective, phase II, non-blinded randomised control trial of plasma exchange compared to standard of care in critically ill adults with severe COVID-19 associated respiratory failure, requiring supplemental oxygen or ventilatory support and elevated thrombo-inflammatory markers (LDH, CRP, ferritin, and D-Dimer). Patients randomised to receive PEX were treated with a daily single volume plasma exchange for a minimum of five days. Twenty-two patients were randomised of who 11 received PEX. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups at presentation. PEX was associated with a significant reduction in pro-thrombotic markers FVIII, VWF and VWF Ag: ADAMTS 13 ratio (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the reduction of inflammatory markers, severity of respiratory failure (p = 0.7), thrombotic events (p = 0.67), or mortality (p > 0.99) at 28 days. PEX successfully reduced pro-thrombotic markers, although was not associated with reduction in inflammatory markers, respiratory failure, or thrombotic events.

Trial registration: (NCT04623255); first posted on 10/11/2020.
Ameliorative effects of sildenafil against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis in rat model through downregulation of osteopontin gene expression
Authors: Nasr Hend Elsayed , Hegazy Ahmed Medhat , El-Shaer Noha Osama , El-shafey Rabab Shaban , Elgendy Salwa A. , Elnoury Heba A. , Gazzar Walaa Bayoumie El , Mohammed Lina Abdelhady
Published: July 2024

The liver carries out many essential tasks, such as synthesising cholesterol, controlling the body’s storage of glycogen, and detoxifying metabolites, in addition to performing, and regulating homeostasis. Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological state characterized by over accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen fibers. Sildenafil (a selective inhibitor of type 5 phosphodiesterase) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. It is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction in male. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate sildenafil’s hepatoprotective potential against liver fibrosis in rats that was caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Liver enzymes and oxidative markers as well as profibrotic genes were determined. The findings showed that sildenafil alleviates the hepatic dysfunctions caused by CCl4 by restoring normal levels of ALT, AST, and GGT as well as by restoring the antioxidant status demonstrated by increased glutathione (GSH), and catalase. In addition, a significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of profibrotic genes [collagen-1α, IL-1β, osteopontin (OPN), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)]. Additionally, sildenafil lessens the periportal fibrosis between hepatic lobules, congestion and dilatation in the central vein, and the inflammatory cell infiltrations. As a result, it is hypothesized that sildenafil may be helpful in the management of hepatotoxicity brought on by CCl4 through suppressing OPN.
Novel lytic bacteriophage AhFM11 as an effective therapy against hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Muliya Sankappa Nithin , Shivani Kallappa Girisha , Kallihosuru Boregowda Kushala , Mandrira Ramakrishna Namrutha , Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar , Shriraje Balakrishna Dheeraj , Ballamoole Krishna Kumar , Thangavel Suresh , Sahoo Lopamudra , Lange Miles D. , Deshotel Michael B. , Abernathy Jason W.
Published: July 2024

Several farmed fish species, including carps, tilapia, salmon, and catfish, have experienced significant economic losses in aquaculture due to motile Aeromonas septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. In the present study, a novel lytic bacteriophage infecting hypervirulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) was isolated and characterized. This is the first report of a phage against vAh. Phage AhFM11 demonstrated lytic activity against both vAh strains and the A. hydrophila reference strain ATCC 35654. The AhFM11 genome was sequenced and assembled, comprising 168,243 bp with an average G + C content of 41.5%. The genome did not harbor any antibiotic resistance genes. Genomic information along with transmission electron microscopy revealed that phage AhFM11 belongs to the Straboviridae family. Therapeutic application of monophage AhFM11 in fish showed 100% survival in injection, 95% in immersion and 93% in oral feeding of phage top-coated feed. Fish and chicken meat spiked with A. hydrophila and phage showed significant reduction of A. hydrophila. These findings support that phage AhFM11 can be used as a biocontrol agent against vAh as an alternative to antibiotics.
Differential but complementary roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the regulation of bone homeostasis
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Kim Su-Jin , Park Ka Hyon , Lee Gyuseok , Oh Youngsoo , Ryu Je-Hwang , Huh Yun Hyun
Published: July 2024

Bone is a highly dynamic tissue undergoing continuous formation and resorption. Here, we investigated differential but complementary roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α in regulating bone remodeling. Using RNA-seq analysis, we identified that specific genes involved in regulating osteoblast differentiation were similarly but slightly differently governed by HIF-1α and HIF-2α. We found that increased HIF-1α expression inhibited osteoblast differentiation via inhibiting RUNX2 function by upregulation of Twist2, confirmed using Hif1a conditional knockout (KO) mouse. Ectopic expression of HIF-1α via adenovirus transduction resulted in the increased expression and activity of RANKL, while knockdown of Hif1a expression via siRNA or osteoblast-specific depletion of Hif1a in conditional KO mice had no discernible effect on osteoblast-mediated osteoclast activation. The unexpected outcome was elucidated by the upregulation of HIF-2α upon Hif1a overexpression, providing evidence that Hif2a is a transcriptional target of HIF-1α in regulating RANKL expression, verified through an experiment of HIF-2α knockdown after HIF-1α overexpression. The above results were validated in an ovariectomized- and aging-induced osteoporosis model using Hif1a conditional KO mice. Our findings conclude that HIF-1α plays an important role in regulating bone homeostasis by controlling osteoblast differentiation, and in influencing osteoclast formation through the regulation of RANKL secretion via HIF-2α modulation.
Mitigating density fluctuations in particle-based active nematic simulations
Authors: Kozhukhov Timofey , Loewe Benjamin , Shendruk Tyler N.
Published: July 2024

Understanding active matter has led to new perspectives on biophysics and non-equilibrium dynamics. However, the development of numerical tools for simulating active fluids capable of incorporating non-trivial boundaries or inclusions has lagged behind. Active particle-based methods, which typically excel at this, suffer from large density fluctuations that affect the dynamics of inclusions. To this end, we advance the Active-Nematic Multi-Particle Collision Dynamics algorithm, a particle-based method for simulating active nematics, by addressing the large density fluctuations that arise from activity. This paper introduces three activity formulations that mitigate the coupling between activity and local density. Local density fluctuations are decreased to a level comparable to the passive limit while retaining active nematic phenomenology and increasing the active turbulence regime four-fold in two dimensions. These developments extend the technique into a flexible tool for modeling active systems, including solutes and inclusions, with broad applications for the study of biophysical systems.
Logic and symbolism of switchable porous framework materials
Authors: Abylgazina Leila , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan
Published: July 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous materials composed of organic linkers and inorganic nodes. A subset of MOFs can switch between at least two structures differing significantly in porosity, offering new opportunities for application technologies. However, network topology, micromechanics of building blocks and their hinges, particle size, defects, agglomeration etc., are convoluted into the responsiveness of the system. Many factors are a consequence of the material’s history, including synthesis, desolvation, and all subsequent handling steps, leading to a complex interplay of factors difficult to express clearly by ordinary language systems, chemical or mathematical symbols without loss of intuitive understanding. Here, we propose a symbolic language for the rationalization of switchability emphasizing the history-dependent responsivity of many dynamic frameworks and their stimuli-induced phase transitions. The system follows a bivalent logic inspired by Freges “Begriffsschrift”, providing a fundamental logic structure for the rationalization of statements and representation of logic gates.
Comparison of different fast gas chromatography – mass spectrometry techniques (Cold EI, MS/MS, and HRMS) for the analysis of pyrethroid insecticide residues in food
Authors: Michlig Nicolás , Amirav Aviv , Neumark Benny , Lehotay Steven J.
Published: July 2024

Comparison of the fast-GC analysis of pyrethroid pesticide residues in food was performed using three different MS technologies: Cold EI, MS/MS, and HRMS. The unique features of each analyzer were demonstrated.
A supramolecular naphthalenediimide radical anion through host–guest interactions for photooxidation of alkylarenes to carbonyls
Authors: Li Xin-Long , Niu Kai-Kai , Yu Shengsheng , Liu Hui , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: July 2024

A supramolecular naphthalenediimide radical anion was developed through host–guest interactions between NDI and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), which can be greatly promoted in the presence of chloride ions to obtain Cl˙ and NDI-2CB[7]˙−.
Surface ligand manipulation enables ∼15% efficient MAPbI3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Zhao Chenyu , Zhao Xinyu , Huang Hehe , Zhang Xuliang , Yuan Jianyu
Published: July 2024

We reported a surface ligand manipulation strategy for hybrid MAPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) using methylamine iodide (MAI), methylamine thiocyanate (MASCN) and methylamine acetate (MAAc) salts.
Synthesis and application of chiral cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts
Authors: Singh Suraj , Kumar Rohtash , Dubey Navneet Nandgopal , Appayee Chandrakumar
Published: July 2024

Novel cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts are developed for the asymmetric Michael addition of nitromethane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with excellent yield (up to 91%) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee).
Analysis of bonding motifs in unusual molecules II: infinitene
Authors: Ferreras Katherine N. , Harville Taylor , Del Angel Cruz Daniel , Gordon Mark S.
Published: July 2024

The bonding structures of infinitene, the Chemical and Engineering News 2021 Molecule of the Year, is studied by means of oriented quasi-atomic orbitals (QUAOs) to assess the degree of aromaticity within the molecule.
Orbital and free energy landscape expedition towards the unexplored catalytic realm of aromatically modified FLPs for CO2 sequestration
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Chakraborty Madhumita , Bana Dinesh , Pawar Ravinder
Published: July 2024

The dominance of the aromatic/antiaromatic modification on the catalytic behavior of the frustrated Lewis pairs has been investigated using metadynamics simulations and detailed orbital analysis.
Thermal properties and radical monitoring after gamma, X-ray, and electron beam irradiation in polyamides
Authors: Krieguer Blanche , Ludwig Nicolas , Dorey Samuel , Dupuy Nathalie , Girard Fabien , Girard-Perier Nina , Kuntz Florent , Marque Sylvain R. A.
Published: July 2024

Ionizing radiation induced transformations in materials were monitored through tracking of the generation and degradation processes of radical species.
Machine learning thermodynamic perturbation theory offers accurate activation free energies at the RPA level for alkene isomerization in zeolites
Authors: Rey Jérôme , Badawi Michael , Rocca Dario , Chizallet Céline , Bučko Tomáš
Published: July 2024

Thanks to Machine Learning Perturbation Theory, a combination of AIMD with RPA was made to accurately predict the activation energy of alkene isomerization into Brønsted acidic zeolite.
Comparison of SiO2-supported molybdena, tungsta and rhenia catalysts for olefin metathesis
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wachs Israel E.
Published: July 2024

The characteristics of supported MOx/SiO2 catalysts (M = Re, Mo, W) for olefin metathesis were compared side-by-side to understand the differences among these catalyst systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of bifunctional DFO2K: a modular chelator with ideal properties for zirconium-89 chelation
Authors: Salih Akam K. , Khozeimeh Sarbisheh Elaheh , Raheem Shvan J. , Dominguez-Garcia Moralba , Mehlhorn Hillary H. , Price Eric W.
Published: July 2024

The synthesis and evaluation of the newest generation of our DFO2 chelator family—DFO2K—is described, including Zirconium-89 radiolabeling and stability assays.
Correction: Emerging investigator series: physicochemical properties of wildfire ash and implications for particle stability in surface waters
Authors: Rodela Mrittika Hasan , Chowdhury Indranil , Hohner Amanda K.
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Emerging investigator series: physicochemical properties of wildfire ash and implications for particle stability in surface waters’ by Mrittika Hasan Rodela et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2022, 24, 2129–2139, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00216G.
Degradation of polycarbonate waste to recover bisphenol A and dimethyl carbonate using urea as a cheap green catalyst
Authors: Hu Nan , Su Lijuan , Li Hongyan , Zhang Ning , Qi Yongqin , Wang Hongliang , Cui Xiaojing , Hou Xianglin , Deng Tiansheng
Published: July 2024

Urea catalyzes the degradation of polycarbonate to bisphenol A and dimethyl carbonate, where urea, methanol and carbonate form a six-membered ring.
3D cellular self-assembly on optical disc-imprinted nanopatterns
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: July 2024

A simple, cost-effective method using optical discs was developed to create nanopatterns that efficiently induce 3D cell self-assembly, offering valuable tools for diverse biological applications.
Plasma synthesis of Ti–O and carbon nanoparticles and their modification with an anionic surfactant to obtain stable dispersions
Authors: Zelentsov Dmitry Olegovich , Petrova Yuliya Yurievna , Egorova Valentina Viktorovna , Povalyaev Pavel Vadimovich , Frantsina Evgeniya Vladimirovna , Ivanova Anastasia Alexandrovna , Cheremisin Alexey Nikolayevich , Sivkov Alexander Anatolyevich , Shanenkov Ivan Igorevich , Nassyrbayev Artur , Nikitin Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

Ti–O Magneli phases and carbon nanoparticles modified in sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions formed stable dispersions in water.
Designing novel benzofuran derived AIE-probes: dual-mode fluorescence turn-off and naked-eye color change for hydrazine detection
Authors: Yashwantrao Gauravi , Tripathi Anjali , Seth Saona , Badani Purav , Saha Satyajit
Published: July 2024

We report the molecular engineering of a benzofuran derivative to construct aggregation induced emissive (AIE) luminogens for hydrazine detection through dual mode fluorescence turn-off and naked eye color change mechanisms.
Macrocycle-based charge transfer co-crystals with specific selective vapochromism to benzene
Authors: Zeng Fei , Tang Lin-Li , Bao Wen-Hu
Published: July 2024

Macrocycle co-crystals consisting of phenanthrene[2]arene and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene have been prepared. The formed macrocycle co-crystals exhibited a specific selective vapochromic response to benzene.
Carrier modulation of one-dimensional MAPbxSr1−x(IyCl1−y)3 core–shell perovskite nanowires
Authors: Fu Pengjie , Liu Mengni , Ge Guixian , Wan Jianguo , Yang Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

Doping with Sr in perovskite nanowires can realize a type-II band alignment, enabling the separation of electron–hole pairs and enhancing light absorption. A transition between type-I and type-II band alignments can be achieved by doping with Cl.
Assessing plasmon-induced reactions by a combined quantum chemical-quantum/classical hybrid approach
Authors: Ehtesabi Sadaf , Richter Martin , Kupfer Stephan , Gräfe Stefanie
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes plasmon reactions on silver nanoparticles, focusing on 4-MPY protonation. It examines molecular orientation effects on kinetics and thermodynamics in varying electromagnetic fields, emphasizing key charge-transfer processes.