bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Silent Shapers of our Thoughts: The Relevance of the Concept of “Vision” in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Koch Paul R.
Published: May 2024

This essay is an exploration of the meaning and significance of the concept of "vision" in economic analysis. It includes a definition of the term and its use by previous economists, its importance for the form and structure of economic inquiry, its relevance to an understanding of the debate over the future of the global economy in the wake of the financial crisis, and an examination of the nature of Christian reflection on this topic, particularly with respect to its significance for instructional design and the ongoing conversation about these issues within the church.
Case Study: When the Golden Rule Yields No Gold
Authors: Zigarelli Michael , Page Gary
Published: May 2024

Zach Jordan (a real person but not his real name), the owner of a small business in Connecticut, may not be able to compete any longer in the spring manufacturing industry. Overseas competition has put him at a significant cost disadvantage, and the losses continue to mount year after year. At the same time, he’s deeply committed to care for his handful of employees — people who are dependent on him and who he considers “family.” Now at a crossroads, he faces an apparent dilemma: (1) gamble $200,000 on rent to extend the jobs of his employee family or (2) liquidate the business while it’s still worth something, sending his employees to the unemployment line during a bad economy. There may be other, more attractive options and identifying them and selecting from among them is largely what this case is about. Framed from a Christian worldview, the case comes down to this: In an intensely competitive environment, how can we faithfully serve employee needs while effectively stewarding the business?
Biblical Orthodoxy Requires the S.N.A.P. of Scripture
Authors: Chewning Richard C.
Published: May 2024

In this paper prepared for the October 1997 Christian Business Faculty Association Annual Fall Conference in Nashville, Tennessee, Dr. Chewning advocates maintaining an orthodox view of the Bible through beliefs in the sufficiency, necessity, authority, and perspicuity of Scripture.
A Christian Perspective on Accounting: Making the Invisible Visible
Authors: White Lynn Spellman
Published: May 2024

White encourages accountants to maintain biblical standards in their work while recognizing their responsibilities towards society.
Charging Interest: Is It Biblical? A Response
Authors: Porter Brian E.
Published: May 2024

“The Biblical Prohibition Against Charging Interest: Does It Apply To Us?” concludes that “The biblical prohibition against charging interest was not a blanket prohibition for all people at all times” and “we need to discover what part of the prohibition, if any, applies to us” (Elder). Elder’s thesis is popular and expected. Subsequent to the 16th century, charging interest for money has received little criticism. However, widespread acceptance of a practice does not constitute an adherence to God’s will.
Trust and Trustworthiness: A Response to “Organizational Control Through Trust: A Biblical System?”
Authors: Dyck Bruno
Published: May 2024

I very much enjoyed reading this article, and especially appreciated the way it was situated in the mainstream literature and the care with which it was written. I agree wholeheartedly that we must not allow a “genuine trust” to be replaced by a “counterfeit trust.” Indeed, it is precisely because the paper is so well-done that I feel compelled to comment on certain elements highlighted in its conclusion, which I found lacked the careful attention that characterizes the rest of the paper.
Some Observations on Understanding and Managing the Conflict of Ideas in Christian Higher Education
Authors: Mackey II R. W.
Published: May 2024

Reading Richard Halberg’s article, “Fostering Faculty and Administration Cooperation,” in the Spring 1999 CBFA Newsletter caused this writer to reconsider the application of biblical principles, management theories, and personal observations to the understanding and management of conflict in Christian higher education. Some thoughts follow.
Management by Proverbs: Applying Timeless Wisdom in the Workplace by Michael A. Zigarelli
Authors: Smith Virgil O.
Published: May 2024

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Response to “Stewardship-Leadership: A Biblical Refinement of Servant-Leadership”
Authors: Smith Virgil O.
Published: May 2024

According to Beadles, the purpose of his article is to “examine servant-leadership and to propose an extension that would bring the theory into better alignment with the Scriptures” (Beadles, 2000). Even the title of the article would lead the reader to suppose that his purpose is extension of the theory. However, if Beadles is correct and the theory is not biblical, there is no point extending it—one can only start over. I believe this is what Beadles’ work actually leads us to. Rather than being an extension of servant-leadership, Beadles’ work attempts to point out a fatal flaw in the theory as it stands and then describes what a replacement theory should look like.
The Christian Business Scholar and the Great Commission: A Proposal for Expanding the Agenda
Authors: Rundle Steven L.
Published: May 2024

According to Rundle, missionary work has evolved from a donorsupported work to workplace evangelism. Rundle presents a number of implications of this change and suggests some topics for further research and discussion.
The “Dogged” College Professor vs. The “King” of Charitable Giving: A Lesson in Professional Stewardship from The Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
Authors: Logue Niles C.
Published: May 2024

CASE A–FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN ACTIONCASE B–THE PUBLIC FACE OF FRAUD DETECTIONCASE C–WHO WILL CALL THE EMPEROR NAKED?
Ubisoft’s Notre-Dame
Authors: Hanussek Benjamin
Published: May 2024

In 2019, the Notre-Dame de Paris was devastated by a fire. The importance of the Notre-Dame as world heritage was underlined by the countless contributions, donations and solidarity all around the world that pledged to help to rebuild the cathedral. Among all contributions Ubisoft’s idea to offer its game Assassin's Creed: Unity for free to the public was arguably most celebrated as innovative and creative measure to secure heritage in case of its destruction. This case opens up new perspectives and roles of heritage management as also the development and distribution of video games in the twenty first century. The case of Ubisoft’s Notre-Dame is discussed in this paper under a comparative analysis to the game Never Alone and a critical inquiry towards the benefits, consequences and repercussions of the growing importance of synchronising heritage protection with video game production. Also, the perceptive aspect of connecting to heritage as player through a game and its spatial aspects will be explained under Chapman’s concept of narrative gardens.
Participatory Arts-based Game Design: Mela, a Serious Game to Address SGBV in Ethiopia
Authors: Sadati S M Hani , Mitchell Claudia
Published: May 2024

The emerging body of work on participatory game design (PGD) highlights the significance of working with end-users’ voices as the starting point. This is particularly critical in serious games that seek to impact social change in areas such as sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). This article, which is based on fieldwork with 16 college instructors in four agricultural colleges in rural Ethiopia, draws together concepts of participatory visual methods (particularly cellphilming), PGD and a game universe perspective to offer an engaging and interactive approach to the design of serious games. We refer to this as ‘Participatory Arts-based Game Design’ (PAGD), an approach that was used to create Mela, a serious game to address SGBV in Ethiopian agriculture colleges. Exploring Mela game’s participatory and engaging design process, this article offers a framework for serious game development to address critical social change issues that go beyond the game itself. It has the potential to not only place the end-users at the centre but to recognize the critical role of engagement and immersivity in a field oriented towards impact and sustainability.
Genome concentration limits cell growth and modulates proteome composition in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mäkelä Jarno , Papagiannakis Alexandros , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Lanz Michael Charles , Glenn Skye , Swaffer Matthew , Marinov Georgi K , Skotheim Jan M , Jacobs-Wagner Christine
Published: May 2024

Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding and manipulating cellular systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration is known to be a constraining factor of cell growth rate, while gene concentration is usually assumed not to be limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, and modeling, we show that genome dilution in Escherichia coli cells arrested for DNA replication limits total RNA polymerase activity within physiological cell sizes across tested nutrient conditions. This rapid-onset limitation on bulk transcription results in sub-linear scaling of total active ribosomes with cell size and sub-exponential growth. Such downstream effects on bulk translation and cell growth are near-immediately detectable in a nutrient-rich medium, but delayed in nutrient-poor conditions, presumably due to cellular buffering activities. RNA sequencing and tandem-mass-tag mass spectrometry experiments further reveal that genome dilution remodels the relative abundance of mRNAs and proteins with cell size at a global level. Altogether, our findings indicate that chromosome concentration is a limiting factor of transcription and a global modulator of the transcriptome and proteome composition in E. coli. Experiments in Caulobacter crescentus and comparison with eukaryotic cell studies identify broadly conserved DNA concentration-dependent scaling principles of gene expression.
Spacing, Fertilizer and PGPR on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) and Chemical Properties of Soil
Authors: Meghana, H. R.  , Maruthi Prasad, B. N.  , Dhananjaya, B. N.  , Shankarappa, T. H. . , Sirupa. Harshaavardhan Redi
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of spacing, fertilizer levels and PGPR on yield and primary nutrients accumulation in different parts of industrial hemp and on chemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, spacing and fertilizers levels with or without PGPR were the factors. The results revealed, plants spaced at 15cm × 10cm registered significant yield of leaves, stems and roots (7.84, 9.80 and 4.20 t ha-1 respectively). The uptake of nitrogen and potassium (450.32 and 159.13 kg ha-1 respectively) was highest in this spacing, while, the phosphorous uptake (75.74 kg ha-1) was maximum in 10cm × 5cm spacing. Among nutrition, 125 percent RDF plus PGPR recorded a significant yield of stem and seed, also, this treatment resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus (440.33 and 72.58 kg ha-1 respectively) by the plants. It can be inferred that spacing of 15cm × 10cm and application of 10 tonnes FYM with 250:125:250 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 (125% RDF) plus PGPR consortia (Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium @ 5kg each) was found to be optimum to produce higher yields.
Effect of Zinc and Panchagavya on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Jitarwal Jitendra , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek , Mahala Gograj , Mund Rishi Kumar
Published: May 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) on the topic “Effect of Zinc and Panchagavya on Growth and Yield of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)”, to study treatments consisting of three levels of Zinc viz. 10, 15 and 20 kg/ha and three levels of Panchagavya viz. 3, 4 and 5%. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.6), low in organic carbon (0.25 %), available N (183.8 kg/ha), available P (11.50 kg/ha) and available K (87 kg/ha). There were 10 treatments each being replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that treatment 9 (ZnSO4 20 kg/ha + Panchagavya- 5%) recorded significantly higher plant height (158.97 cm), plant dry weight (65.16 g) and length of ear (32.18 cm), No. of grains/ear (1824.66), test weight (8.02 g), grain yield (2.12 t/ha), stover yield (7.33 t/ha), gross return (INR 66509.00), net return (INR 46709.90) and B:C ratio (2.36) compared to other treatments.
Deciphering Nature’s Secret of Seaweed Extract as a Biostimulant on Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Tejasree Akkiraju , Mirza Anis , Joka Venkata Sriram
Published: May 2024

Seaweed extracts have gained significant attention in horticultural practices due to their diverse range of beneficial effects on plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. The presence of antioxidants and Osm-protectants in seaweed extracts helps mitigate oxidative damage and maintain cellular integrity under adverse conditions. It also holds great promise as a valuable input in horticultural systems, offering a range of benefits including enhanced soil health, and sustainability. This review aims to summarize and analyze the benefits of seaweed extract application on horticultural crops. The extracts derived from seaweed are rich in essential nutrients which are available from through which plants can absorb easily and promote growth. It also contains numerous bioactive compounds including cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, and betaines, which act as plant growth regulators. The application of seaweed extracts can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, triggering defense mechanisms against pathogens and pests, which can reduce the need for synthetic pesticides and fungicides, promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly horticultural practices. In addition to its direct effects on plants, seaweed extract enhances soil health and microbial activity. It serves as a natural biostimulant, promoting beneficial microbial populations in the rhizosphere, which facilitate nutrient uptake and cycling. Moreover, the humic substances present in seaweed extract contribute to soil structure improvement, water retention, and nutrient availability, fostering a conducive environment for plant growth.
Türkiye İktisat Kongresi’ni Lozan Görüşmeleri Üzerinden Okumak
Authors: Türkan Coşkun
Published: May 2024

I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun çözülmesi ve işgallerin başlaması, Anadolu’da yerel ve bölgesel direniş örgütlerini gündeme getirdi. Bu durum, mücadeleyi ulusal boyuta taşımaya çalışan Mustafa Kemal Paşa liderliğindeki askerî-bürokratik kadronun kitleyle bütünleşmesini kolaylaştırdı. Diğer bir ifadeyle, millî burjuvazinin ve etkin bir işçi sınıfının bulunmadığı Anadolu’da, askerî bürokratik kadro, geleneksel bir söylem ve dinsel bir ideolojinin kitle seferberliğinde etkili olduğunun bilinciyle hareket etti. Anadolu’da millî egemenliğe dayalı bağımsız bir Türk ulus-devletinin kurulmasına yönelik anti-emperyalist bir mücadele yürütülürken, bir yandan da mücadele edilen devletlerin siyasal-toplumsal-ekonomik sisteminin benzeri bir yapı inşa edilmeye çalışıldı. Nitekim Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Başkomutan sıfatıyla dile getirdiği “Ordular İlk hedefiniz Akdeniz’dir, ileri!” emri, Yunan ordularının Anadolu’dan atılması dışında Akdeniz üzerinden mücadele edilen dünyayla buluşma iradesinin de bir göstergesiydi. Bu makalenin amacı, Millî Mücadeleyi yürüten koalisyonun niteliği ve ideolojisinin, mücadelenin gidişatını tayin ettiğini ortaya koymak ve bunu Lozan Görüşmelerinin ilk devresi ve İzmir’de toplanan iktisat kongresi üzerinden ele almaktır.
Personality in nonhuman primates: a review and evaluation of past research
Authors: Freeman Hani D. , Gosling Samuel D.
Published: May 2010

Scientific reports of personality in nonhuman primates are now appearing with increasing frequency across a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, endocrinology, and zoo management. To identify general patterns of research and summarize the major findings to date, we present a comprehensive review of the literature, allowing us to pinpoint the major gaps in knowledge and determine what research challenges lay ahead. An exhaustive search of five scientific databases identified 210 relevant research reports. These articles began to appear in the 1930s, but it was not until the 1980s that research on primate personality began to gather pace, with more than 100 articles published in the last decade. Our analyses of the literature indicate that some domains (e.g., sex, age, rearing conditions) are more evenly represented in the literature than are others (e.g., species, research location). Studies examining personality structure (e.g., with factor analysis) have identified personality dimensions that can be divided into 14 broad categories, with Sociability, Confidence/Aggression, and Fearfulness receiving the most research attention. Analyses of the findings pertaining to inter‐rater agreement, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, generally support not only the reliability of primate personality ratings scales but also point to the need for more psychometric studies and greater consistency in how the analyses are reported. When measured at the level of broad dimensions, Extraversion and Dominance generally demonstrated the highest levels of inter‐rater reliability, with weaker findings for the dimensions of Agreeableness, Emotionality, and Conscientiousness. Few studies provided data with regard to convergent and discriminant validity; Excitability and Dominance demonstrated the strongest validity coefficients when validated against relevant behavioral criterion measures. Overall, the validity data present a somewhat mixed picture, suggesting that high levels of validity are attainable, but by no means guaranteed. Discussion focuses on delineating major theoretical and empirical questions facing research and practice in primate personality. Am. J. Primatol. 72:653–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chimpanzee responses to researchers in a disturbed forest–farm mosaic at Bulindi, western Uganda
Authors: McLennan Matthew R. , Hill Catherine M.
Published: May 2010

We describe the behavior of a previously unstudied community of wild chimpanzees during opportunistic encounters with researchers in an unprotected forest–farm mosaic at Bulindi, Uganda. Data were collected during 115 encounters between May 2006 and January 2008. Individual responses were recorded during the first minute of visual contact. The most common responses were “ignore” for arboreal chimpanzees and “monitor” for terrestrial individuals. Chimpanzees rarely responded with “flight”. Adult males were seen disproportionately often relative to adult females, and accounted for 90% of individual responses recorded for terrestrial animals. Entire encounters were also categorized based on the predominant response of the chimpanzee party to researcher proximity. The most frequent encounter type was “ignore” (36%), followed by “monitor” (21%), “intimidation” (18%) and “stealthy retreat” (18%). “Intimidation” encounters occurred when chimpanzees were contacted in dense forest where visibility was low, provoking intense alarm and agitation. Adult males occasionally acted together to repel researchers through aggressive mobbing and pursuit. Chimpanzee behavior during encounters reflects the familiar yet frequently agonistic relationship between apes and local people at Bulindi. The chimpanzees are not hunted but experience high levels of harassment from villagers. Human‐directed aggression by chimpanzees may represent a strategy to accommodate regular disruptions to foraging effort arising from competitive encounters with people both in and outside forest. Average encounter duration and proportion of encounters categorized as “ignore” increased over time, whereas “intimidation” encounters decreased, indicating some habituation occurred during the study. Ecotourism aimed at promoting tolerance of wildlife through local revenue generation is one possible strategy for conserving great apes on public or private land. However, the data imply that habituating chimpanzees for viewing‐based ecotourism in heavily human‐dominated landscapes, such as Bulindi, is ill‐advised since a loss of fear of humans could lead to increased negative interactions with local people. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:907–918, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect in the presence of a topological defect
Authors: Bakke K. , Furtado C.
Published: May 2010

In this paper we study the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect for a neutral particle possessing a magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a cosmic string. We study the phase shift acquired by the wave function of the neutral particle in the presence of this topological defect, investigate this phase shift within nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum descriptions considering two distinct magnetic field configurations and find that the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect is composed by two contributions, with the first one arises due to the interaction of a magnetic dipole with an external field, and other one arises due to the presence of the cosmic string. The nondispersivity of this effect is also discussed.
Quantitative Computed Tomography of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Mandibles: Mechanical Implications for Rorqual Lunge‐Feeding
Authors: Field Daniel J. , Campbell‐Malone Regina , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Shadwick Robert E.
Published: May 2010

Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) lunge at high speed with mouth open to nearly 90 degrees to engulf large volumes of prey‐laden water. This feeding process is enabled by extremely large skulls and mandibles that increase mouth area, thereby facilitating the flux of water into the mouth. When these mandibles are lowered during lunge‐feeding, they are exposed to high drag, and therefore, may be subject to significant bending forces. We hypothesized that these mandibles exhibited a mechanical design (shape and density distribution) that enables these bones to accommodate high loads during lunge‐feeding without exceeding their breaking strength. We used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to determine the three‐dimensional geometry and density distribution of a pair of subadult humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mandibles (length = 2.10 m). QCT data indicated highest bone density and cross‐sectional area, and therefore, high resistance to bending and deflection, from the coronoid process to the middle of the dentary, which then decreased towards the anterior end of the mandible. These results differ from the caudorostral trends of increasing mandibular bone density in mammals, such as humans and the right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, indicating that adaptive bone remodeling is a significant contributing factor in establishing mandibular bone density distributions in rorquals. Anat Rec 293:1240–1247, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna and Androgen Suppression
Authors: May Hila , Peled Natan , Dar Gali , Abbas Janan , Medlej Bahaa , Masharawi Youssef , Hershkovitz Israel
Published: May 2010

Although hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) has been documented in the medical literature for over 300 years, its etiology remains undetermined. It is generally assumed to be associated with hormonal disturbances of the gonads. The aim of this study was to examine the association between androgen deprivation and development of HFI in males. Two groups of males over 60‐years old were compared: a control group that included 180 healthy males, 45 suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and a study group of 127 males with prostate cancer: 67 who received complete androgen block treatment, and 60 who received different treatments or none at all. CT head scans were used to identify and classify HFI (Brilliance 64, Philips Medical Systems, slice thickness 3 mm × 1.5 mm). It was found that males who received a complete androgen block manifested significantly higher prevalence of HFI compared to healthy males. However, no significant difference in HFI prevalence was found between males suffering from BPH and healthy males or males with prostate cancer who had not received a complete androgen block. A positive association between length of hormonal treatment and manifestation of HFI was shown. It can be concluded that BPH does not promote development of HFI; males who are hormonally treated for prostate cancer are at a higher risk of developing HFI compared to healthy males; the longer the duration of hormonal treatment, the higher the risk of developing HFI. Anat Rec 293:1333–1336, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microanatomy of the Mandibular Symphysis in Lizards: Patterns in Fiber Orientation and Meckel's Cartilage and Their Significance in Cranial Evolution
Authors: Holliday Casey M. , Gardner Nicholas M. , Paesani Sylvia M. , Douthitt Mallory , Ratliff Jack L.
Published: May 2010

Although the mandibular symphysis is a functionally and evolutionarily important feature of the vertebrate skull, little is known about the soft‐tissue morphology of the joint in squamate reptiles. Lizards evolved a diversity of skull shapes and feeding behaviors, thus it is expected that the morphology of the symphysis will correspond with functional patterns. Here, we present new histological data illustrating the morphology of the joint in a number of taxa including iguanians, geckos, scincomorphs, lacertoids, and anguimorphs. The symphyses of all taxa exhibit dorsal and ventral fibrous portions of the joints that possess an array of parallel and woven collagen fibers. The middle and ventral portions of the joints are complemented by contributions of Meckel's cartilage. Kinetic taxa have more loosely built symphyses with large domains of parallel‐oriented fibers whereas hard biting and akinetic taxa have symphyses primarily composed of dense, woven fibers. Whereas most taxa maintain unfused Meckel's cartilages, iguanians, and geckos independently evolved fused Meckel's cartilages; however, the joint's morphologies suggest different developmental mechanisms. Fused Meckel's cartilages may be associated with the apomorphic lingual behaviors exhibited by iguanians (tongue translation) and geckos (drinking). These morphological data shed new light on the functional, developmental, and evolutionary patterns displayed by the heads of lizards. Anat Rec 293:1350–1359, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Divergent Development of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in the Marsupial Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Doroba Carolyn K. , Sears Karen E.
Published: May 2010

Marsupials give birth after short gestation times to neonates that have an intriguing combination of precocial and altricial features, based on their functional necessity after birth. Perhaps most noticeably, marsupial newborns have highly developed forelimbs, which provide the propulsion necessary for the newborn's crawl to the teat. To achieve their advanced state at birth, the development of marsupial forelimbs is accelerated. The development of the newborn's hind limb, which plays no part in the crawl, is not accelerated, and is likely even delayed. Given the large differences in the rate of limb outgrowth among marsupials and placentals, we hypothesize that the pathways underlying the early development and outgrowth of marsupial limbs, especially that of their forelimbs, will also be divergent. As a first step toward testing this, we examine the development of one of the two major signaling centers of the developing limb, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), in a marsupial, Monodelphis domestica. We found that, while both opossum limbs have reduced physical AER's, in the opossum forelimb this reduction has been taken to the extreme. Where the M. domestica forelimb should have an AER, it instead has only a few patches of disorganized cells. These results make the marsupial, M. domestica, the only known amniote (without reduced limbs) to exhibit no morphological AER. However, both M. domestica limbs normally express Fgf8, a molecular marker of the AER. Anat Rec 293:1325–1332, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of Enzymatically Recyclable Hydrogels Through the Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Amylose in a Vine‐Twining Polymerization
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiro , Fujisaki Kazuya , Kyutoku Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Hidemitsu , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2010

In this paper, we describe the preparation of hydrogels through the formation of an inclusion complex of amylose in a vine‐twining polymerization. This is achieved by the phosphorylase‐catalyzed polymerization of α‐D‐glucose 1‐phosphate from maltoheptaose primer, in the presence of a water‐soluble copolymer having hydrophobic graft‐chains (poly(acrylic acid sodium salt‐graft‐δ‐valerolactone)). The mixture turns into a gel during the polymerization process. Evaluation of the hydrogels is conducted by shear‐viscosity measurements of the products. For the hydrogels with relatively high viscosities, fast relaxation modes of the cooperative diffusions are observed by scanning microscopic light scattering measurements, which indicate the nanometer‐size network structures of the hydrogels. In addition, we found that the enzymatic disruption and reproduction of the hydrogels are achieved by the combination of the amylase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the amylose component and the formation of amylose by the phosphorylase‐catalyzed polymerization.
A new approach to ammonium sulphate feeding for fed‐batch Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactor
Authors: Ferreira Lívia S. , Rodrigues Mayla S. , Converti Attilio , Sato Sunao , Carvalho João Carlos M.
Published: May 2010

Arthrospira platensis was cultivated in tubular photobioreactor using different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and protocols of (NH4)2SO4 fed‐batch supply. Results were evaluated by variance analysis selecting maximum cell concentration (Xm), cell productivity (Px), nitrogen‐to‐cell conversion factor (YX/N) and biomass, protein and lipid contents as responses. At PPFD of 120 and 240 μmol‐photons/m2 s, a parabolic profile of (NH4)2SO4 addition aiming at producing biomass with 7% nitrogen content ensured Xm values (14.1 and 12.2 g/L, respectively) comparable to those obtained with NaNO3. At PPFD of 240 μmol‐photons/m2 s, Px (1.69 g/Ld) was 36% higher, although the photosynthetic efficiency (3.0%) was less than one‐half that at PPFD of 120 μmol‐photons/m2 s. Biomass was shown to be constituted by about 35% proteins and 10% lipids, without any dependence on PPFD or kind of nitrogen source. These results highlight the possible use of (NH4)2SO4 as alternative, cheap nitrogen source for A. platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactors. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
A novel dermal tissue construct: Development and in vitro characterization
Authors: Deshpande Manisha S. , Kuchroo Pushpa V.
Published: May 2010

A dermal tissue construct composed of human dermal fibroblasts and a chitosan sponge has been developed, targeted towards the treatment of diabetic nonhealing ulcers. The construct has been designed in a way that the dermal fibroblasts are arranged as a three‐dimensional sheet adhered entirely on one side of the chitosan sponge. This design would allow maximal diffusion of growth factors from the cells to the wound bed when the construct is applied on the wound with the cellular sheet side making contact with the wound bed. The diffusion of secreted growth factors would take place directly from cells to the wound bed without being impeded by a matrix. The cells are present at a high density in the dermal construct, which would aid in accelerated wound healing. The construct has a porous chitosan sponge base, which would allow gas exchange, and renders the dermal construct very flexible so that it would take the shape of the wound contours well, while having mechanical integrity. The viability of cells in the construct is greater than 90%. The dermal construct produces a high amount of vascular endothelial growth factor, from 42 ng to 31 ng in 24 h. The construct also produces high amounts of Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), from 375 ng to 1065 ng in the first 24 h. Both VEGF and IL‐8 have important roles in the healing of chronic diabetic ulcers. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
An FPGA‐based integrated environment for computer architecture
Authors: Bulić Patricio , Guštin Veselko , Šonc Damjan , Štrancar Andrej
Published: May 2010

We present a new, integrated environment used in computer‐architecture education. The environment consists of a hardware platform and GUI software running on a PC. The hardware platform is entirely implemented in Xilinx Spartan‐3 FPGA. The main part of the hardware platform is a 32‐bit pipelined RISC processor with a trace/debug unit. This trace/debug unit is a hardware unit that enables debugging and transfers the pipeline contents to the PC. It also enables communication between the GUI application on the PC and the microprocessor core. Such a system makes it possible to download the students' programs to the FPGA‐based microprocessor and graphically depicts the processor's internal state on the PC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 26–35, 2013
Quinaphos and Dihydro‐Quinaphos Phosphine–Phosphoramidite Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Pullmann Thomas , Engendahl Barthel , Zhang Ziyun , Hölscher Markus , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Dyke Alan , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: May 2010

New derivatives of the Quinaphos ligands and the related Dihydro‐Quinaphos ligands based on the more flexible 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline backbone have been prepared and fully characterised. A general and straightforward separation protocol was devised, which allowed for the gram‐scale isolation of the Ra,Sc and Sa,Rc diastereomers. These new phosphine–phosphoramidite ligands have been applied in the Rh‐catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalised olefins with the achievement of excellent enantioselectivities (≥99 %) in most cases and turnover frequency (TOF) values of up to ≥20 000 h−1. These results substantiate the practical utility of readily accessible Quinaphos‐type ligands, which belong to the most active and selective category of ligands for Rh‐catalysed hydrogenation known to date.
Active Transport of Amino Acids by a Guanidiniocarbonyl–Pyrrole Receptor
Authors: Urban Christian , Schmuck Carsten
Published: May 2010

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of a transporter 9 for N‐acetylated amino acids. Transporter 9 is a conjugate of a guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole cation, one of the most efficient carboxylate binding motifs reported so far, and a hydrophobic tris(dodecylbenzyl) group, which ensures solubility in organic solvents. In its protonated form, 9 binds N‐acetylated amino acid carboxylates in wet organic solvents with association constants in the range of 104 M−1 as estimated by extraction experiments. Aromatic amino acids are preferred due to additional cation‐π‐interactions of the amino acid side chain with the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole moiety. U‐tube experiments established efficient transport across a bulk liquid chloroform phase with fluxes approaching 10−6 mol m−2 s−1. In experiments with single substrates, the release rate of the amino acid from the receptor–substrate complex at the interface with the receiving phase is rate determining. In contrast to this, in competition experiments with several substrates, the thermodynamic affinity to 9 becomes decisive. As 9 can only transport anions in its protonated form and has a pKa value of approximately 7, pH‐driven active transport of amino acids is also possible. Transport occurs as a symport of the amino acid carboxylate and a proton.
Affinity and selectivity of C2‐ and C5‐substituted “chiral‐box” PNA in solution and on microarrays
Authors: Manicardi Alex , Calabretta Alessandro , Bencivenni Mariangela , Tedeschi Tullia , Sforza Stefano , Corradini Roberto , Marchelli Rosangela
Published: May 2010

Two peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) containing three adjacent modified chiral monomers (chiral box) were synthesized. The chiral monomers contained either a C2‐ or a C5‐modified backbone, synthesized starting from D‐ and L‐arginine, respectively (2D‐ and 5L‐PNA). The C2‐modified chiral PNA was synthesized using a submonomeric strategy to avoid epimerization during solid‐phase synthesis, whereas for the C5‐derivative, the monomers were first obtained and then used in solid‐phase synthesis. The melting temperature of these PNA duplexes formed with the full‐match or with single‐mismatch DNA were measured both by UV and by CD spectroscopy and compared with the unmodified PNA. The 5L‐chiral‐box‐PNA showed the highest Tm with full‐match DNA, whereas the 2D‐chiral‐box‐PNA showed the highest sequence selectivity. The PNA were spotted on microarray slides and then hybridized with Cy5‐labeled full match and mismatched oligonucleotides. The results obtained showed a signal intensity in the order achiral >2D‐chiral box >5L‐chiral box, whereas the full‐match/mismatch selectivity was higher for the 2D chiral box PNA. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective desymmetrization of meso‐epoxides with anilines catalyzed by polymeric and monomeric Ti(IV) salen complexes
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Kumar Manish , Agrawal Santosh , Khan Noor‐Ul H. , Dangi Balchand , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: May 2010

The active catalysts for the enantioselective ring opening (ARO) of meso‐stilbene oxide, cis‐butene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, and cyclooctene oxide with various substituted anilines were generated in situ by the reaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with poly‐[(R,R)‐N,N′‐bis‐{3‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐5‐methylene salicylidene} cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine]‐1 and (1R,2R)‐N,N′‐bis[3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)salicylidene] cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine‐2. These catalysts in the presence of nonracemic imine as an additive provided β‐amino alcohol in excellent yield (99%) and chiral purity (enantiomeric excess (ee) up to 99%) for the ARO of meso‐stilbene oxide with aniline. The same protocol was less effective for the ARO of cyclic epoxides; however, when triphenylphosphine was used as an additive, there was a significant improvement in catalyst performance for the ARO of cyclohexene oxide (yield, 85–90%; ee, 63–67%). Both in situ generated polymeric and monomeric catalysts performed in a similar manner except that the polymeric catalyst Ti(IV)‐1 was more active and recycled several times with retention of enantioselectivity when compared with the monomeric catalyst Ti(IV)‐2, which was nonrecyclable. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circular dichroism eigenspectra of polyproline II and β‐strand conformers of trialanine in water: Singular value decomposition analysis
Authors: Oh Kwang‐Im , Lee Kyung‐Koo , Park Eun‐Kyung , Yoo Dong‐Geun , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Cho Minhaeng
Published: May 2010

Despite that a number of experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out to determine the structure of trialanine in water, the reported populations of polyproline II (PPII) and β‐strand conformers vary and were found to be dependent on which spectroscopic method was used. Such discrepancies are due to limitations of different spectroscopic methods used. Here, the temperature‐ and pH‐dependent circular dichroism (CD) and NMR experiments have been carried out to develop a self‐consistent singular value decomposition procedure. The temperature‐dependent CD spectra indicate the presence of two conformers, but due to the two peptide bonds in a trialanine, one should take into consideration of four different conformers to fully interpret the NMR results. From the pH‐dependent NMR coupling constant measurements, the conformation of zwitterionic trialanine is little different from that of cationic one. The strong pH dependency of CD spectrum is likely due to charge transfer transitions between carboxylate and nearby peptide groups or internal field effects not to pH‐dependent conformational change. To simultaneously analyze the temperature‐dependent CD and NMR data, a self‐consistent procedure was used to newly determine the reference NMR coupling constants required to estimate one of the peptide dihedral angles. From the estimated enthalpy and entropy changes associated with the transition from enthalpically favorable PPII conformer to entropically favorable β‐strand conformer, the relative populations of the four possible conformers of trialanine were determined and compared with the previous experimental findings. We anticipate that the present experimental results and interpretation procedure would be of use in determining the solution structures of small oligopeptides in the future. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparin‐induced circular dichroism of an achiral, bicyclic species
Authors: Stanley Floyd E. , Warner Andrew M. , McWilliams Kayla M. , Stalcup Apryll M.
Published: May 2010

Antimalarial drugs have shown potential in suppressing the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the pathology of prion protein conformational disorders (e.g. “Mad Cow” disease) by competing for sites of electrostatic interaction. In this study, circular dichroism (CD) and UV/Visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the interactions between N‐methyl‐N′‐(7‐chloro‐4‐quinolyl)‐1,3‐diaminopropane (QD), an achiral, bicyclic compound similar to previously investigated antimalarial drugs, and heparin, a complex GAG that is frequently used as a clinical anticoagulant. Relatively intense heparin‐induced CD features were observed for QD and were noted to be radically different from previous studies using related chiral drugs, underscoring the importance of the Pfieffer effect on this and similar heparin research. Additionally, the induced CD for QD was observed to be highly dependent upon drug concentration, heparin concentration, system pH, equilibration time, and ionic strength. These results, in connection with recent work, provide new insight into the nature of the association between GAGs and antimalarial species. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thiazolopyrimidine Inhibitors of 2‐Methylerythritol 2,4‐Cyclodiphosphate Synthase (IspF) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Geist Julie G. , Lauw Susan , Illarionova Victoria , Illarionov Boris , Fischer Markus , Gräwert Tobias , Rohdich Felix , Eisenreich Wolfgang , Kaiser Johannes , Groll Michael , Scheurer Christian , Wittlin Sergio , Alonso‐Gómez José L. , Schweizer W. Bernd , Bacher Adelbert , Diederich François
Published: May 2010

A library of 40 000 compounds was screened for inhibitors of 2‐methylerythritol 2,4‐cyclodiphosphate synthase (IspF) protein from Arabidopsis thaliana using a photometric assay. A thiazolopyrimidine derivative resulting from the high‐throughput screen was found to inhibit the IspF proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and A. thaliana with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Synthetic efforts afforded derivatives that inhibit IspF protein from M. tuberculosis and P. falciparum with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Several compounds act as weak inhibitors in the P. falciparum red blood cell assay.
Can we better select patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma for cytoreductive nephrectomy?
Authors: Culp Stephen H. , Tannir Nizar M. , Abel E. Jason , Margulis Vitaly , Tamboli Pheroze , Matin Surena F. , Wood Christopher G.
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

The benefits of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) should outweigh surgical morbidity. Even when the generally agreed upon selection criteria for CN are met, some patients do poorly after surgery. The objective of this study was to identify preoperative factors that were prognostic of outcome in patients who were being considered for CN.

METHODS:

The authors conducted a retrospective study to investigate the overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent CN using the OS of patients with mRCC who did not undergo CN as a referent group. Patients who underwent CN were divided into 2 groups based on when their OS diverged from that of nonsurgical patients. Chi‐square analysis was used to identify variables that differed between the 2 surgical groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze those variables for the entire CN cohort. Risk factors were defined as preoperative variables that remained significant on multivariate analysis. The median OS and the overall risk of death were calculated based on the number of risk factors.

RESULTS:

From 1991 to 2007, 566 patients who were eligible for or received systemic therapy underwent CN, and 110 patients received medical therapy alone. On multivariate analysis, independent preoperative predictors of inferior OS in surgical patients included a lactate dehydrogenase level greater than the upper limit of normal, an albumin level less than the lower limit of normal, symptoms at presentation caused by a metastatic site, liver metastasis, retroperitoneal adenopathy, supradiaphragmatic adenopathy, and clinical tumor classification ≥T3. Inferior OS and an increased risk of death were correlated positively with the number of risk factors. Surgical patients who had ≥4 risk factors did not appear to benefit from CN.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors of this report identified 7 preoperative variables that permitted them to identify patients who were unlikely to benefit from CN. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Trends in PSA, age and prostate cancer detection among black and white men from 1990‐2006 at a tertiary care center
Authors: Potts Jeannette M. , Lutz Megan , Walker Esteban , Modlin Charles , Klein Eric
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men in the United States, with even higher prevalence and death rates among black men. The authors sought to compare trends in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), age, and prostate‐cancer detection among black and white men in our region during a 16‐year period.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective study of patient archives between 1990 through 2006. Data collection was accomplished by examining patients' charts and electronic medical records. Data from 5570 patients, of whom 911 were black, were analyzed statistically by testing and comparing parameters over time.

RESULTS:

During this 16‐year period, mean age at the time of initial diagnostic prostate biopsy did not change in either group, despite what we had believed about the effects of patient education and screening campaigns. However, prostate‐cancer detection rates did decrease during the time period studied. Over time, the authors also observed significant decreases in the sensitivity and specificity of PSA as a screening tool. Indeed, analysis of more recent cases demonstrated a positive predictive value comparable to a coin toss. While Gleason scores remained relatively stable over time, reporting of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and inflammation increased.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using lower PSA thresholds, promoting younger screening age, and increasing efforts to educate the public have not seemed to influence age at time of diagnostic testing, which may reflect other factors such as usefulness of screening, physician referral patterns, patient compliance, and other sociodemographic issues. The usefulness of PSA as a screening tool appears to be diminishing. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.