bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Development at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1962-1986
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the relationship between technology and discovery in oceanography, examining examples of instrumentation development at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO). Between 1962 and 1986, BIO researchers and technicians initiated a wave of rapid technological development, while also adopting technology developed elsewhere. These developments were abridge into the digital age as BIO staff incorporated computer hardware and software into instrument development. This paper summarizes these developments, their impact on the work of the Institute, and factors that influenced this work, and how they changed over time BIO emerged as a world-class oceanographic institution.
Children’s Dances at First Nation Powwows in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Tulk Janice Esther
Published: October 2017

In this article, based on ethnographic research conducted at Mi’kmaw powwows throughout Atlantic Canada between 2004 and 2010, I will begin to address the lacuna in literature on First Nation children’s dances. I will describe the various children’s dances observed at powwows in Eastern Canada, as well as songs that are specifically used for children’s dances, contextualizing them within the traditional powwow event and in relation to emcee stage talk. I will also illuminate the socio-cultural functions of children’s dance at powwows and the relationship between dance and play. Finally, by focussing specifically on the living dance tradition of Mi’kmaq at cultural events in the Atlantic provinces, I will elucidate some of the forces that act upon informal culture, shaping and re-shaping it through time. This approach will highlight the relationship between popular culture and tradition in this context, revealing the emergent nature of lived traditions.
Le studio d’enregistrement comme terrain en ethnomusicologie
Authors: Barnat Ons
Published: October 2017

À partir des conclusions tirées de notre thèse (consacrée à l’étude du phénomène de l’enregistrement en studio de la paranda garifuna en Amérique centrale), cet article soulève certaines des préoccupations théoriques et méthodologiques qui apparaissent quand l’ethnomusicologue contemporain décide de faire du studio d’enregistrement son principal terrain de recherche. Dans ces studios où se créent les musiques à vendre, des relations de pouvoir se déploient en permanence autour d’un enjeu principal : le contrôle de la manipulation électronique des sons enregistrés. S’il fait office de laboratoire expérimental pour ses acteurs (musiciens, ingénieurs du son, réalisateurs…), le studio d’enregistrement offre à la recherche ethnomusicologique un microcosme au sein duquel un appareillage technique sophistiqué se trouve manipulé en fonction d’interactions entre des individus. En se basant sur une revue de littérature interdisciplinaire, cet article propose une base théorique et méthodologique pour toute recherche ethnomusicologique portant sur le rôle et la place du studio d’enregistrement dans l’analyse de phénomènes musicaux contemporains.
The challenge of creative tourism
Authors: Richards Greg
Published: October 2017

Creativity is both the glue that binds together the fundamental building blocks of tourism and also the lubricant that makes the tourism system evolve into new dimensions. In this paper, the authors attempt to show how creativity is vital to our understanding of tourism. In particular, it is demonstrated how even traditionally ‘given’ tourism products like culture and nature are not accepted passively by tourists: creative tourists actively engage in the co-production of their natural-cultural experiences as tourists. For ‘the creative class’, authenticity is in the co-created experiences; it is not something residing inherently in the objects of consumption. However, for the tourism system to remain sustainable, the need for change in creativity should be tempered with a corresponding need for continuity. Successful tourism enterprises, thus, embody a dynamic equilibrium between continuity and change.
Les origines d’un modèle touristique
Authors: Poulot Dominique
Published: October 2017

Le Grand Tour européen – du XVIIIe siècle surtout – fait figure à la fois d’origine du tourisme et de modèle de référence. A l’encontre de l’image présente de « l’idiot du voyage », selon la formule de Jean-Didier Urbain, le « touriste » des récits et des romans de l’époque semble incarner un idéal de jouissance des lieux. Toute une construction érudite s’est ainsi attachée à faire l’éloge des Touristes du passé, ce que les historiens ont critiqué depuis une génération en s’attachant à une histoire précise de leurs représentations, littéraires et artistiques, et en mettant en évidence à leur côté toutes les formes de déplacement concurrentes ou parallèles d’autres populations. Plus récemment les médias, à travers les séries TV et les films, ont souvent donné des interprétations anachroniques des attitudes du Tour, diffusant les images de conduites exemplaires en oubliant leurs enjeux sociaux et culturels. Les pratiques privilégiées de ce tourisme correspondaient à des savoirs et à des ambitions dont les médiations actuelles sont fort éloignées, même si elles s’en réclament. Leurs évocations contemporaines dessinent au contraire un idéal imaginaire de consommation individualiste et romantique.
Les nouvelles formes de médiation du patrimoine environnemental en contexte saharien
Authors: Gélard Marie-Luce
Published: October 2017

Dans ce texte, je propose de détailler les différentes créations, inventions et re-créations d’activités autour du patrimoine environnemental saharien afin de pallier la baisse notoire des pratiques du tourisme du désert depuis la crise économique de 2007, les « printemps arabes » et les récents attentats dans le Maghreb et en Europe. Quelles sont les implications locales et relationnelles de ce déplacement d’une offre touristique internationale en direction d’un tourisme intra-national aujourd’hui en pleine expansion ? Ce tourisme du désert devenu « tourisme thérapeutique » métamorphose littéralement la région saharienne du Sud-Est marocain durant les mois d’été par la pratique quotidienne des « bains de sable ».
Renouveler la promesse touristique
Authors: Navarro Nicolas
Published: October 2017

Cet article s’intéresse aux stratégies mises en oeuvre par les professionnels du tourisme pour renouveler la promesse touristique de la ville d’Annecy à partir de l’analyse des outils de communication (sites Internet, dossiers de presse, etc.) destinés à diffuser cette promesse aux publics cibles, ainsi que d’entretiens menés avec les professionnels. Il envisage ainsi l’activité touristique moins au regard des pratiques effectives des touristes qu’au travers des discours produits par les acteurs du tourisme et des pratiques pensées qu’ils transmettent et construisent. Afin d’enrichir les attractions traditionnelles de la ville – le lac, la vieille ville et ses monuments – on relève ainsi deux tendances principales. La première est celle de la construction d’une alternative culturelle au tourisme urbain qui passe notamment par la création d’un nouveau pôle culturel dans la ville. La seconde consiste en la singularisation de l’expérience au travers de la production d’un tourisme éco-responsable, du développement d’activités qualifiées d’insolites et d’une événementialisation de l’offre touristique. Ces résultats tendent à montrer que le renouvellement du tourisme dans la ville d’Annecy s’inscrit dans une dynamique de changement d’image de la ville parallèle au développement de nouveaux champs de l’économie. Mais surtout, ils mettent en avant la singularité de l’expérience touristique comme valeur symbolique et marchande.
Créativité et territoire(s) en mouvement
Authors: Viel Annette
Published: October 2017

Au cours des dernières décennies, un grand vent de renouveau a soufflé sur les territoires d’ici comme d’ailleurs, entraînant dans son sillage de multiples changements qui ont généré de nouveaux paradigmes sociétaux. Les musées et lieux patrimoniaux n’y ont pas échappé : que ce soit au niveau conceptuel ou opérationnel, « l’esprit des lieux » a, assurément, bénéficié de cette mouvance contemporaine au sein de laquelle l’acte créateur s’est taillé une place signifiante. Cette métamorphose interprétative a stimulé des mises en valeur innovantes qui ont marqué tout autant le sens et les mémoires que les visions et manières de faire qui en émergent. Ce grand mouvement de transformation a dynamisé la venue d’expériences, en majeure partie empreintes d’une créativité offrant une variété d’approches. Ainsi, lorsque l’on aborde la patrimonialisation d’un lieu, il ne s’agit plus de demeurer sur les acquis et les traditions qui ont signé la mise en valeur qui s’est imposée au cours du siècle passé, mais de proposer une offre culturelle, certes adaptée aux différents publics mais également porteuse d’originalité et d’inventivité. Les multiples acteurs de projets ont senti l’importance de renouveler l’offre touristico-patrimoniale et donc de stimuler la vitalité d’ancrages signifiants au sein des communautés locales, nationales et internationales, favorisant un dialogue renouvelé entre soi et l’autre, un dialogue où l’interprétation ressentie occupe une place de choix, du côté des acteurs autant que de celui des nombreux publics.
Children’s Fan-Play, Folklore and Participatory Culture
Authors: Small Contessa
Published: October 2017

The study of children’s play activities has not only been historically trivialized, but numerous widely held misconceptions about kids, their play, folklore and popular culture continue to persist today despite evidence to the contrary. For example, some adults believe that mass media and popular culture has contributed to the decline of kids’ traditional play activities, while others argue that traditional play objects are being replaced by “media culture artifacts”; however, the child-centred fan-play research I present in this paper reveals that popular culture encourages and activates children’s traditional and creative competences, rather than destroy them. The Harry Potter “phenomenon”, as a contested site where youth struggle for visibility and power, serves as the case study for this paper. Based on ethnographic observation of several local events, surveys, and interviews with child and teenage fans of Harry Potter, I examine several emergent, participatory, fan-play activities (including costuming, role-playing, make-believe and spells) and discuss the many ways children manipulate, appropriate, adapt and combine popular culture and folklore, using both creativity and tradition as expression of their lives, identities and power struggles. I conclude by discussing the heart of contemporary children’s culture and play – the conservative/creative nature of children, hybrid play forms and the activation of traditional and creative competencies in the face of popular culture influences.
Saint-Denys Garneau dans le prisme de ses traducteurs hispano-américains
Authors: Stratford Madeleine
Published: October 2017

Des quatre « grands aînés » de sa génération (les autres étant Alain Grandbois, Anne Hébert, et Rina Lasnier), le poète québécois Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau est de loin le plus traduit en espagnol. Les premières versions circulent en Amérique latine dès les années 1990. Au cours des années 2000, deux recueils bilingues consacrés à son oeuvre paraissent, traduits par Luis Vicente de Aguinaga. De tous les poèmes traduits, deux l’ont été à quatre reprises : « Accompagnement » et « Cage d’oiseau ». Nous nous intéressons ici à la façon dont le vers libre du poète a été reproduit. Nous déterminerons sous quel angle les traducteurs ont abordé la forme des poèmes pour évaluer, s’il y a lieu, la fréquence des combinaisons traductives. Notre analyse permettra de constater comment le vers libre de Saint-Denys Garneau est donné à lire au public hispano-américain et à quel point son style correspond aux originaux.
Traduire au Québec la poésie étrangère : départager le rêve de la réalité
Authors: Rivet Mélanie
Published: October 2017

Le milieu de l’édition de poésie au Québec est intrinsèquement lié au contexte canadien et à son système de subventions publiques, à son bilinguisme français-anglais et à son bassin de lecteurs de poésie plutôt réduit. Dans ce contexte, les maisons d’édition sont susceptibles d’entretenir un rapport fragile avec la publication de poètes étrangers en traduction, et ce, même si cette activité a le potentiel d’enrichir le patrimoine culturel canadien. La présente recherche s’inscrit dans une réflexion pancanadienne sur la portée de la traduction littéraire dans l’éclosion, le maintien et la redéfinition de l’identité de la nation. Nous dressons ici un premier constat de la présence des poètes étrangers traduits en français et publiés au Québec entre janvier 2000 et octobre 2014. Nous avons cherché à répondre aux questions suivantes : 1) Quels poètes étrangers traduit-on? 2) Quelles sont les tendances qui se dessinent en matière de langue et de lieu d’origine? 3) Quelles maisons d’édition sont les plus engagées? 4) Qui traduit les poètes étrangers? 5) Quelles sont les sources de financement associées aux publications du corpus? Cette étude exploratoire pourra servir de base à d’autres études sur la traduction et l’édition de poésie étrangère au Québec.
« These foreign c*nts’ve goat trouble wi the Queen’s f*ckin English, ken », ou ré-énoncer la voix scots de Trainspotting au moyen du Québec et de la (socio-)linguistique1
Authors: Gauthier Alex
Published: October 2017

En 1993, au lendemain du règne thatchérien, Irvine Welsh, auteur écossais alors inconnu, était propulsé au firmament des vedettes littéraires grâce à Trainspotting, un texte coup de poing mettant en scène de jeunes héroïnomanes écossais qui s’opposent au système de la seule manière qu’ils le peuvent : à coup d’injections. En les faisant s’exprimer dans une version extrêmement codée du scots, Welsh déployait un système discursif unique et volontairement difficile à déchiffrer, véritable doigt d’honneur à l’élite littéraire anglophone et aux conventions de l’écriture. Dans cet article, j’aborde premièrement l’importance du sociolecte scots dans l’oeuvre de Welsh, au moyen d’une analyse du contexte sociohistorique de l’oeuvre et de sa réception. Deuxièmement et à contresens des traducteurs français (Lindor Fall en 1996, Étienne en 2011), qui livrent des versions qui répriment l’insubordination de l’original aux normes de la langue, je présente une « systématique de la déformation » basée sur des études sociolinguistiques du français québécois, qui permet de ré-énoncer, pour le lecteur francophone, la puissance expressive et la portée politique de la voix de ce texte culte. Par l’utilisation d’une variante du français québécois vernaculaire comme outil de traduction, j’espère ménager dans l’espace littéraire francophone une ouverture qui permette d’éviter la notion d’intraduisible lorsque l’on parle des sociolectes.
Inter-species population dynamics enhance microbial horizontal gene transfer and spread of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Cooper Robert M , Tsimring Lev , Hasty Jeff
Published: October 2017

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a major role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Of particular concern are Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria, which recently emerged as global pathogens, with nosocomial mortality rates reaching 19–54% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013; Joly Guillou, 2005; Talbot et al., 2006). Acinetobacter gains antibiotic resistance remarkably rapidly (Antunes et al., 2014; Joly Guillou, 2005), with multi drug-resistance (MDR) rates exceeding 60% (Antunes et al., 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Despite growing concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013; Talbot et al., 2006), the mechanisms underlying this extensive HGT remain poorly understood (Adams et al., 2008; Fournier et al., 2006; Imperi et al., 2011; Ramirez et al., 2010; Wilharm et al., 2013). Here, we show bacterial predation by Acinetobacter baylyi increases cross-species HGT by orders of magnitude, and we observe predator cells functionally acquiring adaptive resistance genes from adjacent prey. We then develop a population-dynamic model quantifying killing and HGT on solid surfaces. We show DNA released via cell lysis is readily available for HGT and may be partially protected from the environment, describe the effects of cell density, and evaluate potential environmental inhibitors. These findings establish a framework for understanding, quantifying, and combating HGT within the microbiome and the emergence of MDR super-bugs.
Land snails ofLeptopomaPfeiffer, 1847 in Sabah, Northern Borneo (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae): an analysis of molecular phylogeny and geographical variations in shell form
Authors: Phung Chee-Chean , Heng Pooi-San , Liew Thor-Seng
Published: October 2017

Leptopomais a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented. Species-level identification in this group has been based on shell morphology and colouration, as well as some anatomical features based on small sample sizes. However, the implications of the inter- and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy ofLeptopomaspecies and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its molecular phylogeny are still unclear. There are fourLeptopomaspecies found in Sabah, Borneo, and their taxonomy status remains uncertain due to substantial variation in shell forms. This study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships and geographical variation in shell form of threeLeptopomaspecies from Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of these species was first estimated by performing Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA and COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). Then, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e., shell height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height to width) and three qualitative shell characters (i.e., shell colour patterns, spiral ridges, and dark apertural band) of the specimens were mapped across the phylogenetic tree and tested for phylogenetic signals. Data on shell characters ofLeptopoma sericatumandLeptopoma pellucidumfrom two different locations (i.e., Balambangan Island and Kinabatangan) where both species occurred sympatrically were then obtained to examine the geographical variations in shell form. The molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that each of the threeLeptopomaspecies was monophyletic and indicated congruence with only one of the shell characters (i.e., shell spiral ridges) in the current morphological-based classification. Although the geographical variation analyses suggested some of the shell characters indicating inter-species differences between the twoLeptopomaspecies, these also pointed to intra-species differences between populations from different locations. This study onLeptopomaspecies is based on small sample size and the findings appear only applicable toLeptopomaspecies in Sabah. Nevertheless, we anticipate this study to be a starting point for more detailed investigations to include the other still little-known (ca. 100)Leptopomaspecies and highlights a need to assess variations in shell characters before they could be used in species classification.
Profile analyses in front of the breakwater in Ensenada, B.C.
Authors: Cruz-Falcón A , Jiménez-Pérez M
Published: October 2017

Four bathymetric surveys were conducted in front of the breakwater in Ensenada, B.C., during 1990 and 1991. Five profiles were projected perpendicular to the structure for each survey. A seasonal pattern of erosion was found in winter and deposition in summer. The bathymetry shows an accumulation of sediment in the adjacent beach in December, and at the base of the deflection during the entire year, due to the rocks that have fallen from the structure’s support. The bathymetric profiles of December and February (winter) show greater erosion from 15 to 20 m seaward than in the other months. The December profiles A, B and C show sediment accumulation near the breakwater. These processes of erosion in the deeper depths and sediment accumulation at the base of the breakwater cause the storm waves that are produced in this season to maintain their energy when approaching the breakwater, and upon reaching this zone, the sediment bed serves as a ramp for them to slip over the armor stone and flood the harbor. In comparing the profiles of 1984 and 1987 with those from this study (1990), an increase in depth is observed from the base of breakwater to approximately 200 m seaward, allowing the waves to reach the breakwater with more strength, than if that decrease in depth were more gradual. This increase in depth extends from the beginning up to half of the breakwater.
Gonadal development of Crassostrea gigas in Bahía San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Paniagua-Chávez CG , Acosta-Ruiz MJ
Published: October 2017

The reproductive cycle of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), presents significant differences (S [α = O.OS]) in September and October in the La Boca and Mina Vieja locations. The maximum gonadal index (GI) occurred in May and August at Mina Vieja with 32 and 34%, respectively and the minimum of 8% in October. In La Boca, the highest GI value of 37% was obtained in September and October while the lowest, 7%, was observed in April. Partial spawnings were observed from July through October in La Boca and from July to September in Mina Vieja, located in the internal area of Bahía San Quintín. An asynchrony was observed in both spawning and maturation between male and female oysters. The male:female ratio was 7:3 and hermaphroditism was less than 3%.
One-dimensional tidal model of the Ría San Julián, Argentina
Authors: Caviglia FJ , Dragani WC , Mazio CA
Published: October 2017

A one-dimensional numerical model for a system of interconnected channels was implemented to simulate the tidal hydraulics of the Ría San Julián, Argentina. Free surface displacement and discharge were computed from predetermined locations throughout the system using an implicit, finite-difference technique. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with fíeld measurements, and a satisfactory correlation was obtained between observed and predicted tides and currents.
Distribution of BOD and bacteria along the coast of the Us-Mexico border
Authors: Segovia-Zavala JA , Delgadillo-Hinojosa F , Orozco-Borbón MV , Muñoz-Barbosa A , Canino-Herrera SR
Published: October 2017

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliform bacteria (TCB) from the Tijuana municipal outfall were analyzed from six surface samplings (5-7 February and 30 June to 2 July 1987), conducted along the coast between the US-Mexico border and north of Rosarito, Baja California. This study was carried out under two oceanographic conditions: with a littoral transport towards the South (February) and north (July). Results indicate that BOD and TCB surface distribution patterns remained relatively constant during the sampling periods, indicating a short-term (three-day) stationary plume. However, spatial distribution showed seasonal differences, with the highest concentrations of BOD (55 mg 1–1) and TCB (1,350,000 MPN 100 ml–1) occurring in summer. The surface distribution of the variables identifies a long- and offshore dispersion of matter, predominantly towards the South-southeast, indicating that the outfall is the principal source of BOD and TCB. Based on the physicochemical factors associated with the dispersion and degradation of the organic-bacteriological matter, it is unlikely that the surface outfall of the effluent from the San Antonio de los Buenos treatment plant, 9 km South of the border, affects the coasts of San Diego, California. The relatively high concentrations of BOD (2.0 mg 1–1) and TCB (1,000 MPN 100 ml–1) at the US border are due to sources from the north and non-point outfalls along the coast of Playas de Tijuana.
Systematic list of the marine fishes from Ojo de Liebre and Guerrero Negro lagoons, BCS and BC, Mexico
Authors: De-Cruz-Agüero J , Arellano-Martínez M , Cota-Gómez VM
Published: October 2017

In this work, the first check-list of fishes from Ojo de Liebre (Scammon) Lagoon and Guerrero Negro Lagoon in Baja California Sur and Baja California, Mexico, is presented. These areas belong to Mexico’s largest protected area: El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve. Despite the outstanding features of this lagoon complex, there are no studies on its inhabitant fishes nor is there a systematical field collection with records in museums or collections in North America or any other place. The list includes 59 species of 50 genera and 36 families. The 11,864 specimens collected were cured and catalogued in the ichthyological collection of the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN) in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Seven of the species here reported extend their known distribution range northward. One of them was registered for the first time for the Pacific west coast. The presence of tropical and temperate species in these areas confirms the idea of alternate boundaries between zoogeographic regions of California and the Eastern Pacific and establishes these limits with an icthyological mixture at latitude 28ºN. The importance and value of scientific collections is discussed.
Bostrychiu calliptera (Montagne) Montagne (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), a new record for the central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Collado-Vides L , West JA
Published: October 2017

Bostrychia calliptera (Montagne) Montagne, collected from the mangroves of Sontecomapan Lagoon (Veracruz, Mexico), is a new record for the central Gulf of Mexico. Bostrychia calliptera differs from its closest ally, Bostrychia pinnata J. Tanaka et Chihara, in the presente of axial cortication and interna1 hyphae in the former and their absence in the latter. This record extends the known distribution of B. calliptera from Central America (Panama) to the Gulf of Mexico.
Bilateral Multiple Metacarpal Head Avascular Necrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Li Wengang , Liu Biao , Song Jun , Liu Yan , Liu Haoyu , Pei Shijie , Wei Zhuang , Zhang Jun , Dong Mingqin
Published: October 2017

Avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head is a rare disease. We herein report a case with varying degrees of lesions in the third and fourth metacarpal heads of the right hand and the third metacarpal head of the left hand. The patient was a 37-year-old male right-handed mechanical worker who presented with persistent dull pain in the right hand after labor work for more than a year. The 3 lesions in this patient were treated differently based on their clinical imaging manifestations. The neurologic function of the right hand recovered by the 18-month follow-up; only a slight limitation remained in the right middle finger. This is the first report of 1 patent who received 2 different treatment methods simultaneously and both provided a satisfactory clinical result.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Fluid‐Induced Seismicity
Authors: Broccardo M. , Mignan A. , Wiemer S. , Stojadinovic B. , Giardini D.
Published: October 2017

In this study, we present a Bayesian hierarchical framework to model fluid‐induced seismicity. The framework is based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a fluid‐induced seismicity rate proportional to the rate of injected fluid. The fluid‐induced seismicity rate model depends upon a set of physically meaningful parameters and has been validated for six fluid‐induced case studies. In line with the vision of hierarchical Bayesian modeling, the rate parameters are considered as random variables. We develop both the Bayesian inference and updating rules, which are used to develop a probabilistic forecasting model. We tested the Basel 2006 fluid‐induced seismic case study to prove that the hierarchical Bayesian model offers a suitable framework to coherently encode both epistemic uncertainty and aleatory variability. Moreover, it provides a robust and consistent short‐term seismic forecasting model suitable for online risk quantification and mitigation.
Climatic Influences on Southern Makassar Strait Salinity Over the Past Century
Authors: Murty S. A. , Goodkin N. F. , Halide H. , Natawidjaja D. , Suwargadi B. , Suprihanto I. , Prayudi D. , Switzer A. D. , Gordon A. L.
Published: October 2017

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a globally important ocean current that fuels heat and buoyancy fluxes throughout the Indo‐Pacific and is known to covary in strength with the El Niño Southern Oscillation at interannual time scales. A climate system with a less well‐quantified impact on the ITF is the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM), which drives less saline surface waters from the South China Sea (SCS) into the Makassar Strait, obstructing surface ITF flow. We present a subannually resolved record of sea surface salinity (SSS) from 1927 to 2011 based on coral δ18O from the Makassar Strait that reveals variability in the relative contributions of different source waters to the surface waters of the Makassar Strait during the boreal winter monsoon. We find that the EAWM (January–March) strongly influences interannual SSS variability during boreal winter over the twentieth century (r = 0.54, p << 0.0001), impacting surface water circulation in the SCS and Indonesian Seas.
Electrostatic Potential Radiated by a Pulsating Charge in a Two‐Electron Temperature Plasma
Authors: Gilet N. , Henri P. , Wattieaux G. , Cilibrasi M. , Béghin C.
Published: October 2017

Mutual impedance experiments have been developed to constrain the plasma bulk properties, such as density and temperature, of ionospheric and later space plasmas, through the electric coupling between an emitter and a receiver electric antennas. So far, the analytical modeling of such instruments has enabled to treat ionospheric plasmas, where charged particles are usually well characterized by Maxwellian electron distributions. With the growth of planetary exploration, mutual impedance experiments are or will be used to constrain space plasma bulk properties. Space plasmas are usually out of local thermodynamic equilibrium; therefore, new methods to calibrate and analyze mutual impedance experiments are now required in such non‐Maxwellian plasmas. To this purpose, this work aims at modeling the electric potential generated in a two‐electron temperature plasma by a pulsating point charge. A numerical method is developed for the computation of the electrostatic potential in a sum of Maxwellian plasmas. After validating the method, the results are used to build synthetic mutual impedance spectra and quantify the effect of a warm electron population on mutual impedance experiments, in order to illustrate how the method could be applied for recent and future planetary space missions, such as Rosetta, BepiColombo, and JUICE. In particular, we show how it enables to separate the densities and temperatures of two different electron populations using in situ measurements from the RPC‐MIP mutual impedance experiment on board Rosetta.
Prediction of foamability of polyethylene terephthalate using viscous and elastic parameters
Authors: Yang Zhaoping , Xin Chunling , Mughal Waqas , Wang Zeming , Bai Xue , He Yadong
Published: October 2017

Rheological behavior and foamability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different molecular structures were investigated. The aim of this study was to find out the viscous and elastic parameters which can predict the foaming properties of PET. It is found that the foams of strain hardening PET have high expansion ratios and fine cell morphologies. This is correlated with the contribution of strain hardening to the improvement of melt strength and failure strain during elongational experiments. Basing on the fact that foamability of a material is governed by its strain hardening (a pure elastic behavior), a viscous parameter (complex viscosity), and an elastic parameter (loss tangent) obtained from dynamic shear rheology are well linked to the expansion ratios of foams. These two parameters formed an optimized viscoelastic window, which is suitable for foaming. This means the foamability of PET can be determined by viscous and elastic parameters without consideration of molecular constitution.
Unlocking the Potential of Poly(Ortho Ester)s: A General Catalytic Approach to the Synthesis of Surface‐Erodible Materials
Authors: Tschan Mathieu J.‐L. , Ieong Nga Sze , Todd Richard , Everson Jack , Dove Andrew P.
Published: October 2017

Poly(ortho ester)s (POEs) are well‐known for their surface‐eroding properties and hence present unique opportunities for controlled‐release and tissue‐engineering applications. Their development and wide‐spread investigation has, however, been severely limited by challenging synthetic requirements that incorporate unstable intermediates and are therefore highly irreproducible. Herein, the first catalytic method for the synthesis of POEs using air‐ and moisture‐stable vinyl acetal precursors is presented. The synthesis of a range of POE structures is demonstrated, including those that are extremely difficult to achieve by other synthetic methods. Furthermore, application of this chemistry permits efficient installation of functional groups through ortho ester linkages on an aliphatic polycarbonate.
Tunable elasticity and thermodynamic parameters of hydroxypropyl methacrylate‐based gels with varying extents of monomer concentration: Statistical mechanics treatments of physical observations
Authors: Orakdogen Nermin , Sanay Berran
Published: October 2017

The present article reports the scaling laws relating the preparation conditions with the equilibrium swelling degree and the crosslinking density of a new family of hydroxyl functional hydrogels (Hgs) prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in aqueous solution with tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. For comparison of physical properties, chemical and mechanical stability, HPMA cryogels (Cgs) were also prepared using the cryotropic gelation technique by conducting the gelation reactions at subzero temperatures. The measurements of the equilibrium swelling degree and the elastic properties of poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) gel samples having different initial monomer concentration were treated according to the scaling theory to explain the rubbery behavior of the resulting Hgs. The obtained scaling relation between the reduced modulus and the swelling degreeindicated limiting chain extensibility which is neglected in the Flory–Rehner theory. The effective crosslink density and polymer–solvent interaction parameter of PHPMA Hgs were used to interpret the observed deviation. Results showed that the properties of PHPMA Hgs and Cgs can be controlled by varying the HPMA and TEGDMA content. Increase of total monomer concentrations causes a pronounced decrease in the equilibrium swelling degree, and an increase in the elastic response of PHPMA Hgs and Cgs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45889.
High cycling stability and well printability poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites via in situ polymerization applied on electrochromic display
Authors: Chen Ting , Chen Qifeng , Liu Guhong , Chen Guangxue
Published: October 2017

A high cycling stability material and an additive manufacturing method are reported for the fabrication of solid electrochromic devices. The poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT) nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ polymerization. A carboxymethyl cellulose gel was used as the ink vehicle for screen printing. The electrochromic (EC) performance of films patterned by screen printing was also examined. The results of characterization indicate that strong interfacial interactions occurred between PEDOT:PSS and the MWCNTs and the MWCNTs formed a network in these conducting polymers film, so the composite was more conductive than pure PEDOT:PSS. Devices containing PEDOT:PSS/MWCNTs were more stable after 1000 cycles, exhibited higher rate of ion exchange and faster increases in current. The composite containing 0.3 wt % MWCNTs also had a 23% higher color contrast (ΔE*) than pure PEDOT:PSS at 2.5 V applied voltages. The EC inks with well printability not only can be used to print large area films, but also can print fine lines and pixel‐type dots in displays. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45943.
Quantitative Analysis of the Self‐Assembly Process of a Pd12L24 Coordination Sphere
Authors: Kai Shumpei , Shigeta Taro , Kojima Tatsuo , Hiraoka Shuichi
Published: October 2017

The self‐assembly process of a Pd12L24 sphere was revealed by a quantitative approach (quantitative analysis of self‐assembly process: QASAP) quantifying all the substrates, the products, and the observable intermediates, indicating that the Pd12L24 sphere is produced through several pathways. Firstly, PdnL2n (n=6, 8, and 9), which are perfectly closed structures smaller than the Pd12L24 sphere, and a mixture of intermediates not observed by NMR (Int) were produced. Next, the sphere was assembled from intra‐/intermolecular reaction of a certain class of Int (path A) and from the coordination of free pyridyl groups in Int to the PdII center of PdnL2n (n=6, 8, and 9) (path B). While capping the free pyridyl groups in Int with PdII ions perfectly inhibited the sphere formation, the addition of free L to Int accelerated the formation of the sphere.
Benziodoxole Triflate as a Versatile Reagent for Iodo(III)cyclization of Alkynes
Authors: Wu Bin , Wu Junliang , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: October 2017

The utility of benziodoxole triflate, derived from α,α‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐iodobenzyl alcohol, as a versatile reagent for iodo(III)cyclization via electrophilic activation of alkyne, is reported herein. The reagent promotes cyclization of alkynes tethered to a variety of nucleophilic moieties, affording benziodoxole‐appended (hetero)arenes such as benzofurans, benzothiophenes, isocoumarins, indoles, and polyaromatics under mild conditions. This unprecedented class of (hetero)aryl‐IIII compounds proved easy to purify, stable, and amenable to various synthetic transformations.
Proteomics analysis of altered proteins in kidney of mice with aristolochic acid nephropathy using the fluorogenic derivatization–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Lin Chia‐En , Chang Wen‐Shin , Lee Jen‐Ai , Chang Ting‐Ya , Huang Yu‐Shen , Hirasaki Yoshiro , Chen Hung‐Shing , Imai Kazuhiro , Chen Shih‐Ming
Published: October 2017

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes interstitial renal fibrosis, called aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). There is no specific indicator for diagnosing AAN, so this study aimed to investigate the biomarkers for AAN using a proteomics method. The C3H/He female mice were given ad libitum AA–distilled water (0.5 mg/kg/day) and distilled water for 56 days in the AA and normal groups, respectively. The AA‐induced proteins in the kidney were investigated using a proteomics study, including fluorogenic derivatization with 7‐chloro‐N‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole‐4‐sulfonamide, followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a MASCOT database searching system. There were two altered proteins, thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) and G protein‐coupled receptor 87 (GPR87), in the kidney of AA‐group mice on day 56. GPR87, a tumorigenesis‐related protein, is reported for the first time in the current study. The renal interstitial fibrosis was certainly induced in the AA‐group mice under histological examination. Based on the results of histological examination and the proteomics study, this model might be applied to AAN studies in the future. TSP1 might be a novel biomarker for AAN, and the further role of GPR87 leading to AA‐induced tumorigenesis should be researched in future studies.
Microfluidic device‐assisted etching of p‐HEMA for cell or protein patterning
Authors: Kung Frank H. , Sillitti David , Shreiber David I. , Zahn Jeffrey D. , Firestein Bonnie L.
Published: October 2017

The construction of biomaterials with which to limit the growth of cells or to limit the adsorption of proteins is essential for understanding biological phenomena. Here, we describe a novel method to simply and easily create thin layers of poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p‐HEMA) for protein and cellular patterning via etching with ethanol and microfluidic devices. First, a cell culture surface or glass coverslip is coated with p‐HEMA. Next, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic is placed onto the p‐HEMA surface, and ethanol is aspirated through the device. The PDMS device is removed, and the p‐HEMA surface is ready for protein adsorption or cell plating. This method allows for the fabrication of 0.3 µm thin layers of p‐HEMA, which can be etched to 10 µm wide channels. Furthermore, it creates regions of differential protein adhesion, as shown by Coomassie staining and fluorescent labeling, and cell adhesion, as demonstrated by C2C12 myoblast growth. This method is simple, versatile, and allows biologists and bioengineers to manipulate regions for cell culture adhesion and growth. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:243–248, 2018
Biotransformation of β‐hydroxypyruvate and glycolaldehyde to l‐erythrulose by Pichia pastoris strain GS115 overexpressing native transketolase
Authors: Wei Yu‐Chia , Braun‐Galleani Stephanie , Henríquez Maria José , Bandara Sahan , Nesbeth Darren
Published: October 2017

Transketolase is a proven biocatalytic tool for asymmetric carbon‐carbon bond formation, both as a purified enzyme and within bacterial whole‐cell biocatalysts. The performance of Pichia pastoris as a host for transketolase whole‐cell biocatalysis was investigated using a transketolase‐overexpressing strain to catalyze formation of l‐erythrulose from β‐hydroxypyruvic acid and glycolaldehyde substrates. Pichia pastoris transketolase coding sequence from the locus PAS_chr1‐4_0150 was subcloned downstream of the methanol‐inducible AOX1 promoter in a plasmid for transformation of strain GS115, generating strain TK150. Whole and disrupted TK150 cells from shake flasks achieved 62% and 65% conversion, respectively, under optimal pH and methanol induction conditions. In a 300 μL reaction, TK150 samples from a 1L fed‐batch fermentation achieved a maximum l‐erythrulose space time yield (STY) of 46.58 g L−1 h−1, specific activity of 155 U
, product yield on substrate (Yp/s) of 0.52 mol mol−1 and product yield on catalyst (Yp/x) of 2.23g
. We have successfully exploited the rapid growth and high biomass characteristics of Pichia pastoris in whole cell biocatalysis. At high cell density, the engineered TK150 Pichia pastoris strain tolerated high concentrations of substrate and product to achieve high STY of the chiral sugar l‐erythrulose. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:99–106, 2018
Impact of fly ash pretreatment on aerobic treatment of thermomechanical pulping spent liquor
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Si Chuanling , Fatehi Pedram
Published: October 2017

This study investigated the impact of biomass‐based fly ash (FA) pretreatment on the biodegradability of a thermomechanical pulping spent liquor (TMPL) in an aerobic system. In this study, FA was mixed with TMPL under the conditions of 6 wt.% based on TMPL, 25°C and 10 h, which removed a part of recalcitrant organic materials and resulted in 68.0, 40.0, 60.1, 81.2 and 48.3% reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), lignin and sugar, respectively. FA‐pretreated TMPL pressate (FA‐TMPL) was biologically treated in an aerobic system of sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The performance of the biological treatment with and without FA pretreatment was studied in two parallel SBRs over three months. The combination of FA and biological treatments removed 97.3% of COD, 98.3% of BOD, 96.3% of lignin, 99.5% of sugar, and 98.1% of TOC. Without FA pretreatment, the biological system removed 87.3% of COD, 89% of BOD, 81.6% of lignin, 98.6% of sugars, and 90.5% of TOC. The results also confirmed that the settling ability of sludge, which was indicated as a sludge volume index, was reduced from 109.3 mL/g to 53.5 mL/g. In addition, the advantages of using FA pretreatment in aerobic systems were discussed in detail. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:370–378, 2018
Modeling of microalgal shear‐induced flocculation and sedimentation using a coupled CFD‐population balance approach
Authors: Golzarijalal Mohammad , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Dabir Bahram
Published: October 2017

In this study, shear‐induced flocculation modeling of Chlorella sp. microalgae was conducted by combination of population balance modeling and CFD. The inhomogeneous Multiple Size Group (MUSIG) and the Euler–Euler two fluid models were coupled via Ansys‐CFX‐15 software package to achieve both fluid and particle dynamics during the flocculation. For the first time, a detailed model was proposed to calculate the collision frequency and breakage rate during the microalgae flocculation by means of the response surface methodology as a tool for optimization. The particle size distribution resulted from the model was in good agreement with that of the jar test experiment. Furthermore, the subsequent sedimentation step was also examined by removing the shear rate in both simulations and experiments. Consequently, variation in the shear rate and its effects on the flocculation behavior, sedimentation rate and recovery efficiency were evaluated. Results indicate that flocculation of Chlorella sp. microalgae under shear rates of 37, 182, and 387 s−1 is a promising method of pre‐concentration which guarantees the cost efficiency of the subsequent harvesting process by recovering more than 90% of the biomass. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:160–174, 2018
Effect of propeptide amino acid substitution in γ‐carboxylation, activity and expression of recombinant human coagulation factor IX
Authors: Vatandoost Jafar , Zarei Sani Omid
Published: October 2017

The production of recombinant vitamin K dependent (VKD) proteins for therapeutic purposes is an important challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. These proteins are primarily synthesized as precursor molecules and contain pre–propeptide sequences. The propeptide is connected to γ‐carboxylase enzyme through the γ‐carboxylase recognition site for the direct γ‐carboxylation of VKD proteins that has a significant impact on their biological activity. Propeptides have different attitudes toward γ‐carboxylase and certain amino acids in propeptide sequences are responsible for the differences in γ‐carboxylase affinity. By aiming to replace amino acids in hFIX propeptide domain based on the prothrombin propeptide, pMT‐hFIX‐M14 expression cassette, containing cDNA of hFIX with substituted −14 residues (Asp to Ala) was made. After transfection of Drosophila S2 cells, expression of the active hFIX was analyzed by performing ELISA and coagulation test. A 1.4‐fold increase in the mutant recombinant hFIX expression level was observed in comparison with that of a native recombinant hFIX. The enhanced hFIX activity and specific activity of the hFIXD‐14A (2.2 and 1.6 times, respectively) were further confirmed by comparing coagulation activity levels of substituted and native hFIX. Enrichment for functional, fully γ‐carboxylated hFIX species via barium citrate adsorption demonstrated 2‐fold enhanced recovery in the S2‐expressing hFIXD‐14A relative to that expressed native hFIX. These results show that changing −14 residues leads to a decrease in the binding affinity to substrate, increase in γ‐carboxylation and activity of recombinant hFIX. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:515–520, 2018