bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Extraction of Teeth without Alteration in Aspirin Therapy: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Almuntashri Ahmed Ali , Kaur Manpreet , Verghese Yohan , Azad Abdul Kalam , Dalai Radha Prasanna , Bhasin Ritasha , Sonkar Tanu Priya
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The study was done to evaluate extraction of teeth without altering the aspirin therapy.

Materials and Method:

Hundred patients taking aspirin therapy requiring extraction of teeth were separated into two groups with 50 samples in each. Group I continued the aspirin therapy during extraction of teeth on one occasion, and the same patients who discontinued the aspirin therapy 72 hours before extraction of teeth on another occasion become Group II.

Result:

The mean blood loss showed slightly increased bleeding in Group I in comparison to Group II. The average bleeding time and mean INR was statistically significant among both groups. The mean clotting time and mean platelet count were not statistically significant among groups.

Conclusion:

There was no alteration in bleeding after extraction in patients with low doses of aspirin therapy.
Oral Pyogenic Granuloma at Different Spots: A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Phull Tanvi , Dadhwal Hima , Kaur Rajpreet , Malhotra Ritu , Jyoti Divya , Kaur Ravneet
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory non-neoplastic lesion of the oral cavity. Chronic, mild, local irritation, trauma, hormonal variables, and certain medications are typical causes of pyogenic granulomas. Women have a higher prevalence than men. The risk is greatest in the second to fifth decades of life. Clinically, the lesion appears smooth, with soft to firm consistency and nontender with a pedunculated or sessile base. Various modalities have been proposed for the treatment of lesion, which include the conventional approach, the use of laser, cryotherapy, and electrocauterization. This case series discusses three cases of pyogenic granuloma in female patients at different locations in the oral cavity. The lesion was subsequently treated with electrosurgery and surgical convention methods. No recurrence of the lesion has been seen in either of the cases.
Evaluation of the Periodontal Inflammatory Effect on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Clinical Study
Authors: Yadav Bipin K. , Thakur Rajesh K. , Kannaujia Sanjay K. , Mishra Rahul , Maurya Geeta , Dixit Ashutosh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

The link between oral infections and systemic disease is a well-proven hypothesis in the current literature. This relationship is the result of interaction between periodontal microbe that triggers inflammatory processes leading to the secretion of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation resulting in the systemic effects of pathogenesis.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), probing pocket depth, plaque index, gingival index, and the parameters were assessed initially and 1 month after scaling and root planing (SRP).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The paired t-test and the Pearson correlation were needed to examine and compare measured data.

Results:

The data from the study reveal that all the clinical parameters like the plaque index, the gingival index, and the probing pocket depth were statistically significantly reduced after 1 month of SRP with respect to baseline. While ESR mean value was also reduced, that is, 3.27 ± 1.24 mm/hr which was also considered statistically significant.

Conclusions:

The findings from the study showed a positive correlation between periodontal inflammation and ESR.
Evaluation of Patient Acceptance and Compliance with Clear Aligners vs. Lingual Braces: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Alfawzan Ahmed A.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The efficacy of orthodontic treatments is often influenced by patient acceptance and compliance. This study aims to compare patient acceptance and compliance between clear aligners and lingual braces in a randomized clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients requiring orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated into two groups: clear aligners (n = 50) and lingual braces (n = 50). Data on patient acceptance and compliance were collected through self-reported questionnaires and clinical observations over a period of 12 months.

Results:

Patient acceptance was significantly higher in the clear aligner group, with 80% reporting high levels of comfort, compared to 60% in the lingual braces group (P < 0.05). Compliance rates were 92% for clear aligners and 85% for lingual braces (P = 0.1).

Conclusion:

Clear aligners showed a higher level of patient acceptance and a slightly better compliance rate, although the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that clear aligners may be a preferable option for patients prioritizing comfort.
To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin B Complex on Wound Healing – A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Kalsi Rupali , Bhushan Kala S. , Mathur Mohit K. , Gupta Vineeta , Gupta Deepesh K. , Pandey Sandeep K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation following periodontal flap surgery on clinical and microbiological parameters.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial on 10 patients with periodontitis in split-mouth design was undertaken to find the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation with open flap debridement on periodontal wound healing. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Tannerella forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis was done using subgingival plaque samples at 0 and 90th day.

Results:

The results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of clinical (plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level) and microbial profile in both treatment groups, whereas on intergroup analysis, more reduction in all clinical parameters were observed in the test group, but statistically, the results were insignificant.
Al-Based Detection of Dental Caries: Comparative Analysis with Clinical Examination
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Alanazi Nawadir H. , Alazmi Mona S. , Nagarajappa Anil K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Dental caries pose a significant public health concern, affecting a vast population globally. Traditional clinical examination methods, although reliable, can be subject to human error and time-consuming. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have emerged as promising tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. This study explores the potential of AI in revolutionizing dental caries detection.

Materials and Methods:

A cohort of 50 patients with varying degrees of dental caries participated in this comparative analysis. Clinical examination by dental professionals served as the gold standard for caries detection. AI algorithms were trained using dental images, and their performance was evaluated against the clinical examination results.

Results:

The AI-based detection system demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 85% in identifying dental caries, with an overall accuracy of 88%. The clinical examination yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 90%, resulting in an overall accuracy of 88%. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between AI-based detection and clinical examination (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

AI technology exhibits promise as an adjunctive tool for dental practitioners, potentially reducing diagnostic errors and improving efficiency. Integrating AI into routine dental practice may aid in early caries detection and promote better oral health outcomes.
Comparative Evaluation of Quality Management Practices in the Public and Private Hospitals in Visakhapatnam District: An Original Research
Authors: Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Sharma Sandesh K. , Sahoo Sujit R. , Velthuru Srujan K. , Basavarajaiah Jeevan Matada , Kazi Madiha , Dixit Heena
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In the Visakhapatnam District, this study compares the quality management procedures used by public and private hospitals. Knowing how these practices are similar and different from one another can help inform policy decisions and improve the quality of health care.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was used, and 100 hospitals from both public (50 hospitals) and private (50 hospitals) were included in the sample size. A standardized questionnaire that evaluated different aspects of quality management practices was used to gather the data. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were used in the quantitative analysis.

Results:

Significant variations in quality management procedures between public and private hospitals were found. In terms of patient happiness, service responsiveness, and technological use, private hospitals scored better. Regarding accessibility, cost, and equity of healthcare services, public hospitals fared better.

Conclusion:

The report emphasizes the necessity of focused initiatives to improve quality management procedures in both public and commercial institutions. Collaboration between the two sectors can make it easier to deploy evidence-based tactics and share best practices to raise overall healthcare quality in the Visakhapatnam area.
Evaluation of Prosthodontic Complications in Screw-Retained and Cement-Retained Crowns in Dental Implants: An Original Research
Authors: Rajput Mansi , Kohli Arshdeep S. , Abdul Hina N. , Sandhu Sunpreet K. , Thakkar Radhika , Karre Shivani
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Single-tooth implant restorations, whether screw-retained or cement-retained, are essential for prosthodontic rehabilitation despite having low design flexibility, cosmetic appeal, and high 5-year survival rates.

Materials and Methods:

A study involving 14 patients with missing mandibular first molars used 28 implants and cement-retained and screw-retained prostheses. Patients had a single edentulous gap, adequate dental hygiene, and sufficient bone volume at the implant site. The study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration, followed WHO 2007 safety guidelines, and evaluated soft tissue, bone height, and bone loss. Data analysis included the Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:

In patients between the ages of 17 and 46, single-implant restorations were compared with cement- and screw-retained at 6 months. Abutment screw loosening and peri-implant soft-tissue traits did not differ significantly from one another.

Conclusion:

The study compared screw- and cement-retained implant restorations in 28 single-tooth implant-supported prostheses over a 6-month functional loading period, finding no significant improvement in either approach.
Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study
Authors: Shaik Izaz , Dasari Bhargavi , Alapati Satish , Dhavala Padma C. , Tiwari Rahul , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Materials and Methods:

The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I—Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II—ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III—Mtwo (VDW), and group IV—iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A—control (new rotary file), subgroup B—subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C—immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D—immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness.

Results:

Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups.

Conclusion:

AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Interventions Using Braille on Oral Health among Visually Impaired Children: Proposal for a Systematic Review
Authors: Shankar Kiran S. , Arumugham Meighana , Mohammed Minhaj Ahmed Amer , Kaur Sandhu Sunpreet , Bennadi Darshana , Verma Jeetu , Pulluri Saraswathi Sravani
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

To assess how oral health education (OHE) techniques using braille affect visually impaired children’s awareness of oral health, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival health, and dental caries status. From 2010 to 2020, a thorough literature search will be conducted for studies in the English language using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Open Grey. Data extraction will be done after two reviewers extensively evaluate the papers for qualifying requirements. In accordance with the research designs, a quality evaluation of the chosen studies will be conducted. With the use of the program Review Manager 5.3, a meta-analysis will be completed.
Morphological Variation of Mandibular Molars in Rohilkhand Population: An Original Research
Authors: Singh Tanu , Bathla Saurav , Dutta Saurav Kumar , Mohammed Minhaj Ahmed Amer , Jethi Navdeep , Chansoria Harsh , Pulluri Saraswathi Sravani
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In-depth knowledge of common and aberrant pulp morphology is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning before commencing root canal treatment. The radicular morphology of mandibular molars has been extensively studied. Considerable variation in the number of canals and roots found in these teeth has been reported.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the root canal morphology of the mandibular molars among the Rohilkhand population using Dentascan.

Materials and Methods:

Dentascan images of mandibular molar were taken from 99 extracted teeth that were collected from the Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, and private clinics. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci’s classification.

Results:

The mandibular molar (n = 99) were taken. Out of the 99 teeth examined, three canals were seen in 60 (60.6%) teeth, four canals in 39 (39.4%) teeth, 3% had extra distal roots, and 6% with C-shaped canals.

Conclusion:

Among mandibular first molars, only 3% had three roots. Mesial roots of the first molar typically present with two canals and two apical foramina with type IV or II canal configuration. Most distal roots of the first molar presented with a type I canal configuration. The remainder were distributed mainly between types II, IV, III, and V. Among 99 mandibular molars, 6% had single C-shaped roots.
The Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Periodontal Health and Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bagde Hiroj S. , Alam Mohammad K. , Alhamwan Abdullah Khalid A , Aljubab Hamed Muhanned H , Alrashedi Faisal Fraih A , Aljameeli Dhari Hameed M , Sghaireen Mohammed G.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The interaction between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease underscores the importance of exploring dietary interventions that could mitigate inflammation and improve periodontal health in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who were equally divided into two groups: Group A (low-carbohydrate diet) and Group B (control group). Patients in Group A followed a low-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks, while Group B maintained their regular dietary habits. Periodontal health was assessed using clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and inflammation was measured by analyzing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests.

Results:

After 12 weeks, Group A exhibited significant improvements in periodontal health compared to Group B. The mean PD reduction was 0.5 mm in Group A and 0.1 mm in Group B, with a corresponding mean CAL gain of 0.3 mm in Group A and no significant change in Group B. Inflammatory markers also showed favorable outcomes in Group A, with a decrease of 1.2 mg/L in CRP levels and 20% reduction in IL-6 levels. In contrast, Group B demonstrated minimal changes in inflammatory markers. The differences in PD, CAL, CRP, and IL-6 levels between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The adoption of a low-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks demonstrated significant improvements in periodontal health and reduction of inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence and Association of Calcified Pulp Stones with Periodontitis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study in Saudi Arabian Population
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah Saad
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and association of periodontitis and pulp stone (PS) along with the clinical variables. This study assessed the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records to identify the presence of PS and clinical periodontitis records were used to determine the stages of periodontitis. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between study parameters. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between PS and periodontitis. A total of 228 CBCT records were conveniently selected for this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cohen’s kappa analysis showed near to perfect scores for both examiners. The Chi-square test showed that CBCT records from the age range 41–50 years, male patients, and stage II of periodontitis prevalently showed pulp stones; however, there were no significant differences observed between the PS and clinical variables. However, gender, involvement of tooth, and stages of periodontitis showed significant distribution of the PS. Logistic regression showed that the stages of periodontitis showed no significant association with PS in patients with periodontitis. Moreover, multivariate odds ratio adjustment did not alter the outcome. Periodontitis is not associated with the presence of PS in the current population.
Comparison of Different Suturing Techniques in Post-Extraction Socket Healing
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Enamur , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Akhter Khaleda , Abdelghani Abedalla , Babkair Hamzah Ali , Sghaireen Mohammed Ghazi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The process of post-extraction socket healing is critical for ensuring proper tissue repair and minimizing complications in dental practice. Suturing techniques play a pivotal role in this process, influencing wound closure, hemostasis, and overall healing.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective clinical trial involved 80 participants who required single-tooth extractions. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving a distinct suturing technique: simple interrupted sutures, horizontal mattress sutures, vertical mattress sutures, and continuous sutures. Standardized assessments, including clinical examination and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, were performed at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks post-extraction. Wound dehiscence, soft tissue healing, and bone preservation were evaluated.

Results:

At 1-week post-extraction, the continuous suture group exhibited the lowest rate of wound dehiscence (5%) compared to other groups (simple interrupted, 15%; horizontal mattress, 10%; vertical mattress, 12%). Soft tissue healing scores at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the continuous suture group (8.7 ± 0.5) than in the other groups (simple interrupted, 7.2 ± 0.8; horizontal mattress, 7.8 ± 0.7; vertical mattress, 7.5 ± 0.6). CBCT analysis revealed superior bone preservation in the continuous suture group (98% remaining bone volume) compared to the other groups (simple interrupted, 92%; horizontal mattress, 95%; vertical mattress, 94%).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the continuous suturing technique offers advantages in post-extraction socket healing, including reduced wound dehiscence, improved soft tissue healing, and better bone preservation.
A Light Microscopic Study Comparing Pulp Histological Alterations Following Tooth Preparation Using a High-speed Handpiece and an Er:YAG Laser
Authors: Keshav Vanita , Brar Gursimrat , Tuli Saransh , Sodhi Asmita , Kesarwani Damini
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Histological alterations were evaluated in this study after tooth preparation with carbide burs using a traditional handpiece and Er:YAG laser.

Methods:

Tooth preparation was done on 30 intact maxillary first premolars of healthy patients. Ten maxillary first premolars were used as control, wherein no tooth preparation was done. Box-shaped tooth preparation was done on the occlusal surface of maxillary first premolars using carbide bur in the handpiece and Er:YAG laser (n = 10). After performing the recommended procedure for different groups, each tooth was extracted and 4–5 μm thick sections were prepared and stained using H and E stains. A 4–40× microscope was used to examine the morphological alterations in the odontoblasts. The Chi-square test was used to compare the outcomes.

Results:

The high-speed drill group and the control group had statistically significant differences (P = 0.05). High-speed drill and laser group differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05)

Conclusion:

The histological findings as seen with laser tooth preparation were nearly identical to those of control or nonmanipulated teeth under light microscope, whereas disruption of odontoblastic layer was seen with high-speed drills.
Educational Paradigms in Islamic Medical History: A Review
Authors: Asad Mohammad R. , Almansour Mohammed , Kazmi Syed Y. , Alzahrani Raed E. , Ahmed Mohammad M. , Nazeer Mohammed
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The rise of Islam in Arabia witnessed a scientific pursuit from 8th CE to 14th CE in its vast dominion. Medicine was one among many disciplines that was reshaped during the golden ages of Islamic world. Physicians and scholars from diverse faiths and background flocked in learning centers of Baghdad, Cordoba, and other cities. A multicultural environment of medical research was evolved with fundings from state. From medical teaching and clinical training to the licensing of physicians, many of the modern attributes of medical education were pioneered in Islamic world. The scholarly transfusion from European territories of Islamic world to the Western world in medieval era laid the foundation of modern medical education.
Cissus Extracts in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review on its Untapped Potential
Authors: Shinkre Rohan , Rodrigues Edlyn , Mukherji Ishan , Pandya Divya , Naik Rashmi , Banerjee Anwesha
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Natural products have received a lot of attention in a variety of medical sectors, including dentistry. Cissus, a flowering plant genus, has long been used for its therapeutic benefits. The purpose of this review is to thoroughly investigate the possibilities of Cissus extracts in dentistry. To that end, we used specific selection criteria for the selection of pertinent scientific articles published in the scientific information databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest. We found that the diverse array of bioactive compounds found in varied species of Cissus holds promise for applications ranging from oral wound healing to periodontal health. This review summarizes known studies on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerative characteristics of Cissus extracts, shedding light on their potential significance in modernizing modern dental practices. It exerts that Cissus extracts have the potential to supplement established dentistry therapies by providing all-natural remedies for a variety of oral health conditions.
Impact of Demographic and Work-Related Variables on Job Engagement of Dental Faculty Members of Kerala, India
Authors: Suresh Babu Laxmi , Pillai M. Janarthanan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to examine the association of job engagement among dental faculties in Kerala with certain sociodemographic and job-related factors. Job engagement levels were assessed using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test. The findings revealed significant differences in job engagement based on the type of college, level of autonomy, and provision for time-bound cadre promotions. It also provided insights into the nonsignificant effects of gender, age, experience, and income on job engagement. The study contributes to the existing literature on employee engagement and provides valuable insights for organizations aiming to improve employee productivity and overall performance. Future research can build upon these findings to explore additional factors influencing job engagement and expand the understanding of work engagement in different contexts.
Assessment of the Capability to Accurately Capture the Vertical Relationship by the Various Bite Registration Materials
Authors: Rani Priya , Ranjan Madhu , Sinha Tushar , Singh Ananya , Keshri Mritunjay , Prakash Jayant
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This research study aimed to evaluate and compare the capability of four various bite registration materials to reproduce precise interocclusal relationships in the vertical dimension

Materials and Methods:

Ideal maxillary and mandibular casts were mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator in maximum intercuspation after mock tooth preparation on 46, 47, and 48. Models were scanned by the Medit T500 Dental Lab Scanner, and initial reading was noted at the predetermined points. Ten interocclusal bite registrations were made using four materials (CADbite, Jet Bite, Ramitec, and Aluwax). The mandibular model was demounted and again remounted using the interocclusal records, and the final reading was noted after scanning.

Results:

Ramitec showed superior results when compared to polyvinyl bite registration material and Aluwax, but the differences between Ramitec, CADbite, and Jet Bite were nonsignificant.

Conclusions:

Although all four materials are suitable for clinical use, elastomeric materials showed superior results. In that, polyether was found to be the best.
Effect of aqueous-alcoholic extract of Ducrosia Anethifolia Boiss on the fetal liver of diabetic rats
Authors: Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Ghasemi Farangis , Mikaeiliagah Elmira
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Moshgak (Ducrosia anethifolia) is a wild plant with medicinal value. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moshgak on the liver tissue of the diabetic rat fetus.

Materials and Methods:

In this animal study, the aqueous-alcoholic extract of Moshgak was prepared in the standard method. Forty rats were divided randomly into five groups, including control, sham, and three diabetic groups. The rats were diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (80 mg) and 2 diabetic groups were treated with Moshgak extract (280 and 560 mg/kg/bw) for 19 days. The rats were anesthetized and their blood was taken to measure the blood glucose, insulin, and malondialdehyde. Then, their fetuses were removed. The fetal liver sections were obtained by using the stereological methods. The micrometry of the liver tissue was performed and data were analyzed.

Results:

The finding showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.01) in the total volume of liver, connective tissue, sinusoid, and hepatocytes in diabetic rats compared to control rats, while these parameters decreased significantly in treated groups with Moshgak. Hepatic cell count hepatic decreased in the treated groups. Furthermore, the changes in blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and insulin in diabetic rats were improved significantly by Moshgak treatment. The dilation of sinusoids, hepatocyte vacuolation, and mild lymphocytosis was observed in all diabetic groups except the treatment group with Moshgak 560 mg/kg/bw.

Conclusions:

According to obtained results, Moshgak extract was able to compensate partially the changes induced by diabetes in the fetal liver tissue. Therefore, due to the side effects of diabetes during pregnancy, further research on anti-diabetic properties of Moshgak is suggested.
Hausdorff operators on some classical spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Xie Huayou , Lin Qingze
Published: February 2024

In this note, we start on the study of the sufficient conditions for the boundedness of Hausdorff operators
$$ \begin{align*}(\mathcal{H}_{K,\mu}f)(z):=\int_{\mathbb{D}}K(w)f(\sigma_w(z))d\mu(w)\end{align*} $$
on three important function spaces (i.e., derivative Hardy spaces, weighted Dirichlet spaces, and Bloch type spaces), which is a continuation of the previous works of Mirotin et al. Here,
$\mu $
is a positive Radon measure, K is a
$\mu $
-measurable function on the open unit disk
$\mathbb {D}$
, and
$\sigma _w(z)$
is the classical Möbius transform of
$\mathbb {D}$
.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Possible Predictor of Decline in Kidney Function in Older People
Authors: Yoon Sukmin , Ko Nak Gyeong , Lee Yu-Ji
Published: February 2024

Background The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is associated with morbidity and mortality in older individuals. Our study explored the relationship between GNRI, decline in kidney function, and all-cause mortality in older individuals.Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from participants aged ≥60 years who underwent a general health checkup between 2002 and 2018. The primary exposure was the GNRI, divided into quartiles. The primary and secondary outcomes were a decline in kidney function assessed using the 5-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality, respectively. Results The analysis included a total of 1,599 participants (median age, 63 years; interquartile range [IQR], 61–67; 54% males). The mean±standard deviation of GNRI was 114±7. Compared with the highest GNRI quartile, the lower GNRI quartiles were associated with steeper 5-year slopes in eGFR, with a fully adjusted beta coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of −0.50 (−0.86, −0.14), −0.29 (−0.63, 0.05), and −0.19 (−0.53, 0.14) for the first, second, and third GNRI quartiles, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 7.4 years (IQR, 4.6–12.4). During this period, we identified 108 deaths (7.8 per 1,000 person-years). The first GNRI quartile was associated with all-cause mortality compared to the highest GNRI quartile (hazard ratio of 2.20; 95% CI 1.23, 3.95). Conclusion: Nutritional status, as evaluated using the GNRI, was associated with 5-year changes in kidney function and all-cause mortality in older individuals.
Liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Ha Tae Sun , Oh Dong Kyu , Lee Hak-Jae , Chang Youjin , Jeong In Seok , Sim Yun Su , Hong Suk-Kyung , Park Sunghoon , Suh Gee Young , Park So Young
Published: February 2024

Background: Successful liberation from mechanical ventilation is one of the most crucial processes in critical care because it is the first step by which a respiratory failure patient begins to transition out of the intensive care unit and return to their own life. Therefore, when devising appropriate strategies for removing mechanical ventilation, it is essential to consider not only the individual experiences of healthcare professionals, but also scientific and systematic approaches. Recently, numerous studies have investigated methods and tools for identifying when mechanically ventilated patients are ready to breathe on their own. The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine therefore provides these recommendations to clinicians about liberation from the ventilator.Methods: Meta-analyses and comprehensive syntheses were used to thoroughly review, compile, and summarize the complete body of relevant evidence. All studies were meticulously assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method, and the outcomes were presented succinctly as evidence profiles. Those evidence syntheses were discussed by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in mechanical ventilation, who then developed and approved recommendations. Results: Recommendations for nine PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) questions about ventilator liberation are presented in this document. This guideline includes seven conditional recommendations, one expert consensus recommendation, and one conditional deferred recommendation. Conclusions: We developed these clinical guidelines for mechanical ventilation liberation to provide meaningful recommendations. These guidelines reflect the best treatment for patients seeking liberation from mechanical ventilation.
Contextual Factors Obstructing the Effective Implementation of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy in the Lesotho Education Sector
Authors: Rakolobe Kelello Alicia , Teise Kevin L.G
Published: February 2024

Policy implementation is the most crucial phase in the policy-making cycle. If not implemented, policy aims and objectives cannot be achieved, and the quality of education can subsequently not be improved. The Lesotho Ministry of Education (MoET) adopted the Curriculum and Assessment Policy, 2009 (CAP 2009) to localise its curriculum. With this curriculum, MoET intends to make education relevant to Basotho and improve equal and equitable access to quality education for all Basotho. However, a persistent policy gap caused by failing to implement the CAP 2009 effectively renders this curriculum ineffective. MoET now plans to replace CAP 2009 with a new curriculum called the Lesotho Basic Education Curriculum Policy (LBECP), which is intended to close the implementation gap witnessed with the CAP 2009 and counter the contextual factors that led to the failure of CAP 2009. In this article, we argue that the Lesotho education policy context obstructed the implementation of CAP 2009. We, therefore, explore certain contextual factors that negatively impacted the effective implementation of CAP 2009. We argue that the persistent policy gap regarding the implementation of CAP 2009 results from a policy process that is not sensitive to or does not reflect the unique Lesotho education context. Findings suggest that poverty, rurality, HIV/AIDS, corruption, and political instability severely hampered the effective implementation of the CAP 2009. Following this, specific recommendations are made to improve and ensure effective curriculum implementation within the Lesotho education sector.
The Effect of Online Gambling on Mental Health: Study on Teenagers in Panimbang District, Banten
Authors: Sidiq Fahmi , Binti Abdullah Suhaimi Nurnisaa , Kalfin
Published: February 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effect of online gambling on mental health in a group of teenagers in Panimbang District, Banten. The research was conducted to understand the impact of online gambling activities on the mental well-being of teenagers, focusing on factors such as stress, anxiety, depression and impulsive behavior. Survey and interview methods were used to collect data from selected samples, which included teenagers aged 15-19 years who were involved in online gambling activities. The results of this research indicate that engaging in online gambling has a negative impact on the mental health of adolescents in Panimbang District. Respondents who were involved in online gambling tended to experience higher levels of stress and anxiety than those who were not involved. Apart from that, the level of depression was also found to be higher in the group of teenagers who were involved in online gambling. This research also shows a positive correlation between online gambling activities and impulsive behavior. Teenagers who engage in online gambling tend to exhibit higher levels of impulsive behavior, which can impact their decisions in everyday life. These findings underscore the importance of awareness of the negative impact of online gambling on adolescent mental health. Preventive and intervention steps need to be taken to reduce the risk of these negative impacts.
The role of nuclear weapons in modern global politics
Authors: Musin Kuat , Zheksekin Almaz
Published: February 2024

The place of nuclear weapons in current world politics remains an important issue due to the threat of nuclear war, strategic relations between countries with nuclear capabilities, and the impact on international stability and security. However, this issue is becoming increasingly relevant in light of the growing confrontation between countries with significant nuclear capabilities, in particular between China and the United States. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of nuclear weapons on international relations, the preservation of peace and security in the modern world, and the use of nuclear weapons as a deterrent and/or threat tool. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of documents and legislation, historical analysis, structural and functional method, and system method. The results of the study highlight the history of the emergence and development of nuclear weapons, and attempts to regulate their volumes. The current state of nuclear arsenals of states, the location of nuclear weapons, their modernisation and role in modern international relations are investigated, and statistics on nuclear warheads of nuclear countries are provided. The role of diplomacy and international agreements in the management of nuclear weapons is also analysed. They recalled the current geopolitical conflicts and tensions between states, and manipulations by nuclear countries that can lead to an increase in the risks of nuclear escalation. As a result of the study, key factors and aspects that determine the role of nuclear weapons in international politics were identified, such as deterrence, threats, proliferation, and international agreements, their impact on international stability, international diplomacy, terrorism, and technological challenges related to nuclear issues. Research on this topic is of practical importance for shaping political strategies, ensuring world peace and security, and raising awareness of possible threats and challenges associated with nuclear weapons
Foreign interference in electoral processes as a factor of international politics: Mechanisms and counteraction
Authors: Çifligu Maia Chechelashvili , Berikashvili Lia , Malania Elisabed
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to better understand the mechanisms and ways of foreign interference in electoral processes in North America and Europe. This is necessary to develop effective measures to counter attempts to undermine democratic processes and improve them in accordance with the challenges of the digital media era. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current policy of China and the Russian Federation in the sphere of influence on electoral processes in democratic countries, to analyse possible measures to counteract this interference. The following methods were used in the study: heuristic, induction, synthesis, abstract and logical. According to the results of the study, electoral processes in North America and European countries are subject to constant interference from China and Russia, since each of these countries has its own motives for dismantling democracy in these countries. There is an increase in these manipulations due to digitalisation processes. Based on the results of the analysis of manipulation mechanisms, a classification of the types of interference of these states in electoral processes is developed, in particular, three main scenarios of such influence and five types of interference are indicated. It is determined that Russia mostly resorts to manipulating information, implementing the concepts of “post-truth”, and China – to subversive activities in society. There are many measures in both the EU and the US to counter such interference, but most of these measures consist of exposing the interference, spreading such information to the public, and taking technological action. It is concluded that the defence of democracy should be based solely on open and democratic ways of countering foreign interference, and the violation of citizens’ rights will only further undermine faith in democratic values. It is concluded that countering interference in electoral processes, first of all, should be based on informing citizens about the risks of manipulation, media literacy, critical thinking, and readiness for constant political activity. The practical significance of this study is that it will help in developing a strategy for countering foreign interference in democratic processes
Inteligencia artificial (ia) en la investigación científica: Sistematización y reflexiones sobre experiencias educativas
Authors: Morantes Carvajal Irma Candelaria
Published: February 2024

Este estudio tuvo los siguientes propósitos: describir de manera sistemática la experiencia, comprenderla a través de la identificación e interpretación de los aprendizajes significativos vivenciados, y generar aportes críticos que permitan movilizar la reflexión hacia las buenas prácticas en el uso de la IA en la producción de artículos científicos e investigaciones en el contexto universitario. El método utilizado fue la sistematización de experiencias educativas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron organizar la experiencia en el uso de la IA para la producción de artículos científicos e investigaciones en tres categorías de uso: (a) comunicación científica, para realizar búsquedas sistemáticas y generar artículos científicos / investigaciones, (b) construcción de redes referenciales sobre el objeto de estudio y (c) el análisis de contenido. La comprensión permitió generar algunas reflexiones sobre los beneficios, aportes, limitaciones y aspectos éticos relacionados con el uso de la IA en la investigación.
Prevalence and Gender Differences of Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Children with Down Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Pakistan, Shahzad Ruhaba , Iqbal Ayesha , Motiwala Oruba
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to shed some light on the emotional and behavioral issues faced by down syndrome children and their gender differences. Based on evidence gathered from past research following two hypotheses were formed: There will be emotional and behavioral problems among children with down syndrome; there will be significant gender differences in emotional and behavioral problems faced by children with down syndrome. A total of 18 down Syndrome children were through snowball sampling on whom the strength and difficulties questionnaire were used. The findings showed no significant gender differences in emotional and behavioral problems of children with down syndrome. However, comparatively, females were shown to have slightly elevated levels of conduct issues.
Friction Angle Prediction of Carbonate Rocks: A Case Study, Rumaila Oil Field
Authors: Mahdi Doaa , Alrazzaq Ayad
Published: February 2024

Friction angle (𝜑) and Cohesion (𝑐) are the most important factors to depict rock's shear strength. The friction angle (φ) expresses a unit of rock's capacity to endure shear stress. For the optimization of drilling operations, monitoring of the reservoir, and production of hydrocarbons, the prediction of friction angle is essential. From laboratory measurements or wireline logging data, this parameter can be empirically predicted. The main goal of this study is to develop a new correlation for predicting friction angle for carbonate formations from well logs using the typically accessible well log data (i.e. neutron porosity, gamma ray, bulk density, and sonic logs) and core data. A total of 5197 well log data points were collected from carbonate formation with depth interval of (1920 m to 2711 m) from Rumaila oil field. For all 5197 data points neutron porosity, and gamma ray logs were recorded as a function of depth, and the corresponding shale volume and total porosity were estimated. In addition to these well log data, 20 data core points with 9 different values of friction angle were collected. The developed correlation's estimated friction angle has been contrasted with measured ones. The results show that the new correlation is able to predict the friction angle of carbonate rocks with high accuracy (i.e. R coefficient of the new correlation was 90% and average absolute error of 1.6%).Thus, we conclude that the new correltion can be used to estimate the friction angle for carbonate formation. The new correlation helps in providing continues profile for friction angle with depth and leads to reduce the cost of estimating the rock strength.
The Practicality of Resistivity Method for Recognizing Vertically Distributed Anomalies Using Simulated Models
Authors: Eissa Raad
Published: February 2024

In brownfield sites, two proposed shallow horizontal targets were numerically modelled to mimic variable underground conditions; these targets were sequenced vertically in a different manner. Synthetic 2D electrical resistivity datasets were generated using the RES2DMOD and then inverted by using RES2DINVx64. These targets have different lengths, one with a higher and the second with a lower resistivity value relative to the background resistivity. The effectiveness of dipole-dipole, Wenner, and Wenner-Schlumberger configurations was tested by conducting a qualitative comparison. The inverted resistivity images suggest that the target sequence has a significant effect on the configuration detectability. The high resistivity target was conveniently recognized when it overlies a low resistivity target. Dipole-dipole configuration showed optimum results in recognizing complicated underground conditions.
Petrography and Heavy Minerals as Tools for Provenance Identification of the Injana Sandstone (Upper Miocene), Al-Habbaniyah City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Salmani Nazar , Mohammad Osama , Alhadaithy Abdulhameed , Al-Kubaisi Mahmood
Published: February 2024

This study deals with the petrography and heavy mineral analysis of the Injana sandstone at Al-Habbaniyah City. Thirteen samples are collected from the Injana Formation. A petrographic study is achieved on ten samples while all samples are analyzed for heavy minerals. The petrographic analysis showed that the common components of the Injana sandstone are rock fragments, especially sedimentary fragments. Quartz grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) and feldspars (k-feldspar and plagioclase), bounded by matrix and carbonate cement. The suggested provenance for the Injana Formation is mainly sedimentary and igneous sources and the less dominant metamorphic source. These sandstones are considered to be mineralogically submature-immature and classified as litharenites. Heavy minerals analysis showed two sets of minerals including opaque and transparent minerals, the opaque minerals are significant components of the heavy mineral assemblages, then chlorite, epidotes, amphiboles, garnet, pyroxenes (ortho and clino), zircon, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, rutile, and others. This assemblage implies that the dense minerals are typically found in basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with less frequent occurrences in acidic igneous and reworked sediments. According to QLF and QmFLt classifications, the tectonic provenance of the Injana sandstone is described as recycled orogen. The MF-MT-GM classification showed that the sandstone of Injana is derived primarily from active continental margins. The result of maturity MI and ZTR revealed low values of maturity, the MI value ranges between 0.6 to 1.5 with an average of 0.9 and ZTR Maturity ranges between 0.7% and 9% with an average of 3.9%, these low values of maturity indicate sub-mature to immature sandstone.