bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doctrina lingüística en los "Diálogos dela differencia del hablar al escrevir", de Pedro de Albret
Authors: Maquieira Rodríguez Marina AsunciónA.
Published: October 2016

Doctrina lingüística en los "Diálogos dela differencia del hablar al escrevir", de Pedro de Albret
La poesía de Dámaso Alonso
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: October 2016

La poesía de Dámaso Alonso
El latín vivo de los escribas medievales según el "Formulismo contemporáneo" en la documentación castellana de 1158 a 1214
Authors: Pérez González Maurilio
Published: October 2016

El latín vivo de los escribas medievales según el "Formulismo contemporáneo" en la documentación castellana de 1158 a 1214
Semántica y sociología: análisis lexemático del matrimonio romano
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Antonio María
Published: October 2016

Semántica y sociología: análisis lexemático del matrimonio romano
MORFOGÉNESIS, MORFODINÁMICA Y CARACTERIZACIÓN TÉRMICA DE MONTÍCULOS DE HIELO EN LOS PIRINEOS (MACIZOS DE MALADETA Y POSETS)
Authors: González García María , Serrano Cañadas Enrique , González Trueba Juan José
Published: October 2016

Los montículos de hielo son formas periglaciares localizadas en los macizos de la Maladeta y Posets (Pirineos Centrales) entre 2670 y 2900 metros de altitud. Se ha realizado el inventariado y análisis geomorfológico de detalle complementado con registros térmicos continuos del suelo y medidas de la temperatura basal del manto nival (BTS) durante el período 2009-2011. Todo ello permite establecer la dinámica actual de estas formas periglaciares. El seguimiento térmico muestra el comportamiento térmico anual y permite interpretar su morfo-génesis. Los factores topoclimáticos, el permafrost y el hielo estacional determinan su génesis, localización y durabilidad, y se han localizado montículos de hielo en diferentes altitudes, emplazamientos geomorfológicos y condiciones térmicas. En este trabajo se establecen distintos tipos en ambientes morfogenéticos diferenciados: «montículos de hielo en áreas con perma-frost», donde la emisión de frío es directa desde el subsuelo, en este caso el ambiente con permafrost puede proceder de la presencia de un helero enterrado, capaz de emitir una onda de frío y «montículos de hielo en áreas con hielo estacional», donde la emisión de frío es indirecta, con frío procedente de los factores ambientales y topoclimáticos. La localización en un ambiente marginal de alta montaña templada como son los Pirineos, les convierte en un eficaz geoindicador morfoclimático en relación directa con las variaciones térmicas interanuales.
PROCESOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS Y FORMAS DEL RELIEVE EN DOS CUENCAS LACUSTRES DE LA PENÍNSULA BYERS (ISLA LIVINGSTON, ANTÁRTIDA MARÍTIMA): IMPLICACIONES PALEOAMBIENTALES
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Jesús , Oliva Marc , García-Hernández Cristina
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se estudian las cuencas y áreas circundantes de dos cuerpos lacustres situados en el sector oriental de la Península de Byers (isla Livingston, Antártida), Cerro Negro y Domo, con el objetivo de identificar los procesos geomorfológicos y formas de relieve existentes, así como las áreas fuente de sedimentos para los lagos. Para ello, se presenta una cartografía geomorfológica detallada de ambos sectores. En el área de Cerro Negro han sido diferenciadas cuatro unidades geomorfológicas: cerro, ladera Norte, escarpe meridional, y playas levantadas y playa actual. En el área de Domo se han diferenciado otras cuatro: lago y áreas planas adyacentes, laderas de la cuenca, interfluvios y afloramientos rocosos culminantes, y morrena del glaciar Rotch. Las evidencias geomorfológicas detectadas permiten realizar una reconstrucción paleoambiental en la que se diferencian tres fases: una fase de máxima expansión glaciar en la que solamente algunos nunataks sobresaldrían por encima del hielo; una segunda fase holocena de retroceso glaciar, formación de lagos e intensa dinámica periglaciar; y una tercera en la que se completa la deglaciación y la dinámica periglaciar se generaliza en las nuevas áreas libres de hielo, aunque con menor intensidad que en la fase previa.
NIEVE Y RIESGO DE ALUDES EN LA MONTAÑA CANTÁBRICA: EL ALUD DE CARDAÑO DE ARRIBA, ALTO CARRIÓN (PALENCIA)
Authors: Serrano Cañadas Enrique , Gómez Lende Manuel , Pisabarro Pérez Alfonso
Published: October 2016

Los aludes son un elemento primordial de la montaña cantábrica invernal, pero pese a ello, existen pocos estudios sobre la nieve y los aludes. Diferentes figuras de ordenación de Castilla y León consideran la nieve como un recurso y como un riesgo, pero se han realizado pocas iniciativas reales relativas a riesgos nivales hasta este momento. En este trabajo se estudia el alud de Cardaño de Arriba. El método se ha basado en el trabajo de campo y la fotointerpretación para determinar la procedencia, cantidad de nieve movilizada y los daños causados en el medio natural y sobre las infraestructuras. Se ha considerado el volumen, peso de la nieve, geometría, presión de impacto estimada y velocidad estimada como aproximación a la capacidad de transporte y al potencial de daños del alud. El alud tuvo lugar entre el 9 y el 13 de febrero, cuando espesores de nieve > 2 m propiciaron la inestabilidad del manto nival. Se generó un alud de placa y de flujo seco que descendió desde laderas con pendientes de 36,5º a una altitud ~1900-2070 m hasta 1415 m. Movilizó 51000 m3, desplazados a una velocidad estimada de 20,5/29,8 m s-1 que ejercieron una presión de impacto estimada entre 10,2 y 20,8 kg/m2. La masa de nieve causó daños en el fondo de valle, el principal la destrucción total del refugio del Club Espigüete, pero también daños en el camino rural, en el tejado de la iglesia, en el arbolado de la vega, rotura de postes y cables de la luz, y derrumbe de un muro. La importancia de los aludes aconseja realizar estudios detallados sobre riesgo de aludes y una gestión del territorio para la mitigación del riesgo sensible al conocimiento tradicional y científico de la nieve y los aludes.
Little Wish Little Wish (小小的渴望(艺术节版)
Authors: Sun Heng
Published: October 2016

Since 1978, many rural Chinese have migrated to cities for new opportunities. According to national statistics, in 2009 there were about 200 million migrant workers in China, as well as about 100 million children who have been affected by migration, including migrant children and left-behind rural children. The Beijing Migrant Workers Home (Home) is a labour NGO established to make the issue of children affected by migration visible in Chinese society, while empowering migrant children through communication.

Little Wish was produced by Sun Heng, a leader of Home in 2009. In that year Home launched the Cultural and Art Festival for Migrant Workers in January and September, and a Festival for migrant children in June. This video is meant to carry the spirit of this festival to migrant children online.

All pictures and videos from the film come from migrant children who live in Pi village. Pi village, far from Beijing’s City Centre, has 10,000 migrant workers living in 1,600 households. In 2005 Home established an elementary school there and now over 800 migrant children aged 6-12 go there. In 2008, Home launched a photography project for migrant children. They gathered old cameras and trained and encouraged children to express themselves by photographing their lives, families, schools, and dreams. Many children in Pi Village participated in this project, and afterwards Home displayed the photos at an art gallery, while Sun Heng edited the pictures to produce this video.

The song was written by Duan Yu, a music teacher at Home’s school in Pi Village. It reflects her strong feelings for her students. She preformed the song, alongside migrant children at the 2016 Spring Festival Gala for and by Migrant Workers (打工春晚).
Les Perforations D’ulcere Gastro-Duodenal Au Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire (Cnhu) De Cotonou (Benin)
Authors: Kc Vignon , Dk Mehinto , Kr Vignon , Rii Mbele , Nh Natta N’tcha , Ej Hounkpe
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Duodenal or gastric ulcer perforations constitute a medical and surgical emergency. Purpose: Expose its epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Method: About a retrospective study from January 1st 2006 to March 31st, 2012 in visceral surgery at CNHU of Cotonou, records of 86 cases of duodenal or gastric ulcer perforation were analyzed. Results: On average 13.8 cases / year, perforation of peptic ulcer was the most etiological cause of acute generalized peritonitis (25.7%). The average age was 34.2 years, the sex ratio of 16.2. Average admission stay was 6 days and it was observed: undocumented epigastralgia (42cas; 48.8%), no pathological medical history (32 cases; 37.2%). Peritoneal syndrome was in 81 cases (94.2%). Abdomen radiography without preparation (71 patients / 86; 82.6%) showed a pneumoperitoneum (52 cases / 71; 77.6%). The treatment was nonoperative (2 cases / 86; 2.3%) with a favorable outcome. Surgical patients had duodenal perforation (49 cases / 84; 57%), gastric perforation (35 cases / 84; 43%). Suturing with or without other technical devices was achieved in all cases. Postoperative complications were present in 28.5% of cases and parietal abscesses were documented as a priority (14 cases / 84; 16.7%). Mortality rate was 4.7% (4/86) and the average hospital stay was 11.6 days. Conclusion: The perforations of peptic ulcer were common in young men. Clinical examination was especially helpful in the diagnosis by abdomen radiography without preparation. The treatment was medical and surgical and the outcome was mostly favorable.
Efecto De La Fertilizacion Fosforo Azufrada Sobre El Sistema Radical Y El Rendimiento De Soja En El Centro De Argentina
Authors: Bongiovanni M. D. , Cerioni G. A. , Giorgi A. Gonzalez , Dobla E.
Published: October 2016

The objective was to evaluate grain the effect of sulfur and phosphorus fertilization on root growth, nodules and soybean yield. The test was performed at 25 km west of Coronel Baigorria department Río Cuarto; Córdoba, Argentina on a Haplustol entic from the series Alpa Corral. Treatments applied were made different doses of single superphosphate (21% P205 y 12% de S).TO: control treatment, no fertilizerT1: 5,5 Kg ha-1de P y 7,2 Kg ha-1de S; T2: 10,9 Kg ha-1de P y 14,4 Kg ha-1 de S y T3: 16,48 Kg ha-1 de P y 21 Kg ha-1.During crop cycle the following observations and measurements: emerged seedlings, root dry weight, number of nodules, primary root diameter, root length density (DLR), and determine harvest, crop yield (kg/ha) and levels of available soil phosphorus at harvest. In this research project the application of phosphorus-sulfur fertilizer produced changes in soybean root system, by increasing dry weight of roots, generating lateral growth, improving the symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria which result in more number of nodules per root. Fertilization also modified rooting patterns increasing DLR in most fertilizer treatments, effects that resulted in an increase in soybeans yield.
Growth Parameters, Protein Digestibility And Health Status Of Rabbit Oryctolagus Cuniculus Fed With Palatable Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Franck Yao Konan , Athanase Otchoumou Kraidy , Marie Flavienne Wognin Legbe Raïssa , Anselme Konan Konan , Sebastien Niamke
Published: October 2016

This study focused on using vegetable leaves for rabbit feeding. Rabbit fed with leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus, Corchorus olitorius, Ipomea batatas, Vigna unguiculata, Solanum melongena showed positive growth and high feed intake, while rabbits fed with leaves of Amaranthus hybridus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Manihot esculenta, Celosia argentea, Myrianthus arboreus, Basella alba, Talinum triangulare, Colocasia esculenta showed low feed intake and weight loss. The digestibility of treatments supplemented with concentrate was better than that of the diet without fodder. Feed intake (157.62 g / day) and average weight (2081.87g) of rabbits fed with leaves of Ipomea batatas, were the highest while average daily gain (24.38 - 27.29 g/day) remained similar. The feed conversion ratio of the control treatment (3.51) was better than those obtained for treatments supplemented with concentrate (5.31 - 5.71). Urea and creatinine values were similar in all groups. Blood glucose (0.94 ± 0.04 g/L) and total protein (68.40 ± 0.14 g/L) of rabbit fed with leaves of Solanum melongena were the highest. Total cholesterol of rabbit fed with leaves of Ipomea batatas and control diet were the highest. The blood triglycerides of rabbit fed with control diet was the highest and differed to other treatments (p < 0.05).
Complications du Diabète en Côte d’Ivoire chez les Patients Diagnostiques Tardivement
Authors: Kouakou Adjoua Yeboua Florence , Kamagaté Adama , Yapo Angoué Paul
Published: October 2016

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects more and more all social classes. According to the literature this disease have many causes, but some type of diabetes such as Type 2 diabetes is the most linked to a metabolic disorder due to abdominal obesity. To better understand diabetes and its complications, we studied diabetes and its complications in patients who were hospitalized urgently. Our study showed that 95.80% of hospitalized diabetics are type 2 against 3.36% type 1. Among diabetics, there are 56.04% men and 43.86% women. But the rate of abdominal obesity was 60.50% for both men and women. This study also indicated that 60.63% of hospitalized diabetics suffer of macrovascular complications, against 39.27% of microvascular complications. Also patients with macrovascular complications suffer specifically from coma, diabetic foot, amputations, stroke; and those with microvascular complications suffer specifically from erectile dysfunction, chronic renal failure, polyneuropathy, lung infections, and also comas. Our study has shown that many patients are unaware of their diabetic condition before the acute complications of diabetes, which is alarming. So we get on the alarm that measures are taken to reduce the complications of diabetes in Ivory Coast.
Structure, Morphology and Opto-Electrical Properties of Nanostructured Indium Doped SnO2 Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Rahaman Md. Mahafuzur , Hussain Kazi Md. Amjad , Sharmin Mehnaz , Das Chitra , Choudhury Shamima
Published: October 2016

Indium doped Tin oxide (SnO2: In) thin films of various thicknesses (200-600 nm) with fixed 2% indium (In) concentration were prepared by thermal evaporation method onto glass substrates under high vacuum (10-6 Torr). As deposited films were vacuum annealed at 200o C for 60 minutes. The structure, optical, electrical and morphology properties of SnO2: In thin films were investigated as a function of film thickness. The XRD analysis revealed that films were polycrystalline in nature with a tetragonal structure having (110) plane as the preferred orientation. The average crystalline size increased from 34.8 to 51.25 nm with increase of film thicknesses. The surface morphology of the doped films was obtained by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Optical transmittance was obtained from a double beam UV-Vis- NIR spectrophotometer. Maximum transmittance varied from 65-76% in the visible range of the spectrum. Optical band gap (Eg) varied between 2.89 and 3.20 eV. The resistivity of SnO2: In thin films was as high as 105 Ω-cm. Activation energy of the films were found to be 0.18 to 0.47 eV for 300-600 nm film thicknesses. Due to high optical band gap and high electrical resistivity, these nanostructured films can be used in optoelectronic devices especially as opto-insulator.
Évaluation Du Niveau D’efficacité Technique Des Systèmes De Production A Base De Maïs Au Bénin
Authors: Mamam Toléba Séidou , Gauthier Biaou , Afio Zannou , Aliou Saïdou
Published: October 2016

This study estimates the technical efficiency of a sample of 411 maïzicoles farms in the main production areas in Benin. The study proposed an evaluation of the technical performance of these farms and identified factors of inefficiency by using the model of the production stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas to assess the levels of efficiencies of systems production involved in the first step. A truncated regression was used in the second stage in order to establish a relationship between the indices of technical efficiency and some exogenous variables or attributes. The results of the first step shows that the index of technical efficiency varies from 37.37 to 96.22% for all systems, and that of the average technical efficiency is 80.35%. The maximum value of technical efficiency of at least 92.75% obtained shows that there are very efficient producers in the study sample as being close to the production frontier. These producers who obtain such a high productivity can be referred to generally improve the productivity of maize production systems in Benin. The results of the second stage indicate that the variables such as access to fertilizers and herbicides, the use of animal traction and tractor, technical guidance and access to credit influence significantly (p <0.05 to p <0.001) the technical efficiency of maize farms surveyed.
Correlación Mastográfica E Histopatológica En Lesiones De Mama No Palpables
Authors: Ma. Azucena Bello-Sánchez , Enrique Villarreal-Ríos , Leticia Blanco-Castillo , Manuel Medina-Carreón , Danae Reyes-Chávez Prishila , Leticia Martínez-Martínez Martha , Nicolás Camacho-Calderón
Published: October 2016

Globally, breast cancer ranks first in malignancies. It affects women over 40 years. An early diagnosis of no-palpable lesions, in sub-clinical stages, increases the probability of detecting at an early stage with increase survival and disease-free interval. Objective: To determine the correlation between mammography and histopatological lesions non palpable breast. Material and Methods: Study with correlational design. Histopathological records in women with non-palpable lesions and mamography of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Querétaro, Mexico from 2011-2013. Sample size for correlational studies. Data obtained from the medical records of women with mammography BI-RADS 2 to 5 and confirmatory histopathology. Variables analized: sociodemographic data, family history of breast cáncer, histopathological diagnosis and mammography with BIRADS. Descriptive statistical analysis. X2 test and Cramer correlation with confidence level of 95%. Results: 44 cases were analyzed. The average age of women was 52.04 ± años (IC 95%: 40.9 - 63.2). Predominant group of 56 to 70 years, 47.7 % (IC 95%: 36.5-58.9). Diagnosis with breast cancer 22.7% (IC 95%: 13.3 - 32.1), BI-RADS 2 in 4.5% (IC 95%: 0 - 9.1), BIRADS 3 in 29.5% (IC 95%: 19.3 - 39.7), BI-RADS 4 in 56.9% (IC 95%: 45.8 - 68.0) BI-RADS 5 in 9.1% (IC 95%: 2.7 - 15.5). The correlation between mammography and histopathological diagnosis was 0.26, p = 0.43. Conclusions: There was a low, no significant correlation, likely to include women with BI-RADS in early stage.
Alimentation Et Construction De L’idéal Du Corps : Le Culte De La Minceur Chez Les Abidjanais (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Amédée-Pierre Atse Achi , Siméon Goubo , Lewa Hien
Published: October 2016

This study analyzes the weight control strategies in Abidjan and the issues that motivate them. The study covers 400 Abidjanes from 18 to older, including 05 persons mainly from the medical corps. From the quantitative and qualitative approaches focused respectively on a survey and open interviews, focus groups and direct observation, the results show that the cult of thinness gradually became fad, so that young people and adults seniors are the faithful. weight control strategies are structured primarily around food restriction and not sedentary. Implicit issues such efforts are among others seeking health and esthetics or beauty of the body. Despite these efforts, most of the faithful of the thinness of Abidjan lapse back into the overweight and obesity because sport and thought food restriction as effective ways to lose weight can not achieve their objective (thinness) and long term.
Impact Evaluation Design for Community Midwife Technicians in Malawi
Authors: Chimbatata Nathan B.W. , Chimbatata Chikondi M.
Published: October 2016

Maternal Mortality Ratio and neonatal mortality rate are alarmingly high in Malawi. The shortage and poor retention of midwives coupled with poor working conditions have been a major challenge affecting the provision of high-quality maternity care for women. Many women are giving birth without skilled attendants, increasing the risk of maternal and neonatal illness and death. The major driving factor in the shortage of health staff is the limited number of existing training slots and hence the minimum output from the training institutions into service delivery units. Midwifery is a key component of sexual, reproductive, maternal, and newborn healthcare. Responding to the crisis, the Malawi Government has made a commitment in strengthening human resources for health, including accelerating training and recruitment of health professionals to fill all the shortage gaps in the health sector. One mechanism implemented by Malawi Government to increase skilled attendance at birth in rural areas is the introduction of Community midwifery assistants (CMA) training. This program of training community midwives is being piloted and targets the general population of pregnant women and their new born babies in rural areas where the CMAs are deployed. However, there is a great need to have this initiative evaluated and gauge its impact in attaining the desired outcomes.
Clinical Evaluation of Cement Thickness Around Pre- Fabricated vs. Costume-Fabricated Posts
Authors: Zsuzsanna Bardocz Veres , Diana Cerghizan
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation of cement thickness in different regions of the root in case of prefabricated and custom-fabricated posts. Material and methods: Totally twelve extracted human incisors and premolars with single tooth canals were distributed among 3 experimental groups of 4 specimens each. They were treated endodontically and restored with prefabricated fibre posts or custom-fabricated metallic posts, cemented with different adhesive cements. Each sample was immersed in 1% methylene blue solution and after 10 days the teeths were sectioned into horizontal slices,resulting in three slices for each specimen. The distances between the canal wall and the post perimeter were measured on images of each slice with digital caliper. Results: The costume-fabricated post groups (group 2,3) obtained statistically significant lower cement thicknesses,in particular in the apical third. The prefabricated post group (group 1) showed the highest cement thickness. Cement thickness was less for the specimens prepared using direct impression technique.
Neonatal Mortality Rate in Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province From 2011 to 2014
Authors: Al-Muhsen Ali Esraa Abd
Published: October 2016

Background: The neonatal mortality rate is a key outcome indicator for newborn care and directly reflects prenatal, natal, and postnatal care. Early neonatal deaths are more closely associated with pregnancy-related factors and maternal health, whereas late neonatal deaths are associated more with factors in the newborn‘s environment. Objectives: To estimate the neonatal mortality rate in Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province during period (2011-2014). To determine the most common causes of death in the neonatal period. Patients and methods: A hospital-based study was done depending on data collected from records of the Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Missan Province to calculate the number of deaths within the neonatal period (0-28 days) that was conducted from 2011 to 2014. The other line of data was collected from Obstetrical Ward by calculating number of live births for the same period. Then Neonatal Mortality Rate is calculated and conducted for each year according to the method recommended by WHO. Results: The neonatal mortality rates were 12.15, 13.51, 16.37 and16.11 in 2011 to 2014 respectively in which there was an increment in mortality rate. The main causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome, birth asphyxia and congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality rate was high in the Aseptic Neonatal Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, but it was less than the previous period in Iraq since 1990. These results suggest, that to decrease neonatal mortality, improved health service quality is crucial.
The Impact of Brands on Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Akkucuk Ulas , Esmaeili Javed
Published: October 2016

The aim of this research is to understand the factors behind smartphone purchase decisions of consumers. Nowadays companies make use of various strategies in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and differentiate their products from those of their competitors. Perhaps, the most important and effective strategy to influence consumer behavior in the product selection is emphasizing the “brand name” of the products. Our aim in this paper is to investigate how smartphone brands can influence consumers’ buying decisions. Brand equity is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand name and symbol, which add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service. It enhances the customer’s ability to interpret and process information, improves confidence in the purchase decision and affects the quality of the user experience. Using this construct widely discussed in the literature, we use and build our hypothesis based on Aaker model about the brand equity, including perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. The study involved a questionnaire administered to 171 smartphone consumers between December 2015 and March 2016. The consumers were chosen by convenience sampling among the students from a prestigious university in the Istanbul district of Turkey. Our findings indicate that a majority of the smartphone buyers’ decisions are mainly influenced by brand loyalty and brand awareness. Perceived quality and brand association do not seem to influence purchase decisions for the sample of this study.
Brand Switching Behaviour of Muslim Consumers: Development of a Conceptual Model
Authors: Saeed Munazza , Azmi Ilhaamie Binti Abdul Ghani
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a model to investigate the impact of brand image and religious beliefs on Muslim consumers switching intention. Moreover, it also intends to examine, how switching intention affect the customer equity of international branded products. This study seeks to expand the body of knowledge in consumer behaviour research with emphasis on religious beliefs (Islamic beliefs). The benefits that will be yielded from this study will not only provide guidelines to business researchers, but will also enhance the current understanding of Muslim consumers. It studies how the Muslim consumer’s brand switching behaviour is influenced by religious beliefs of Muslim consumers and image of a brand, yet previous studies have only attempted to understand brand switching without considering the religion specifically Islam.
The Management of Political Actors in Institutions
Authors: Omoijiade Peter Odion
Published: October 2016

The argument that the minimization of the dysfunctional consequences of organizational politics is no longer dependent on self-equilibrating mechanism remains valid. This inquiry is therefore framed with a view to establishing suitable strategies for managing political actors. There is a nexus between the diagnosis typology of political actors and the qualitative classes of political actors and their management strategies. In the management of mixed blessing, supportive, non-supportive and marginal political actors; collaborative, involvement, defensive and information strategies respectively were found suitable. This research is based on existing theoretical knowledge on organizational politics and stakeholders management. Data was collected from the literature by means of critical analysis and dialectic reflection on the emerging themes. The study will enhance capability in contexts where the scientific management of political actors is yet to be exemplified.
Demografia e antropologia em contraponto: os Enawene-Nawe e suas derivas matrimoniais
Authors: Silva Marcio
Published: October 2016

Este artigo tem um duplo objetivo – um de caráter documental e outro de cunho teórico. Por um lado, o trabalho visa fornecer informações que permitem esboçar o perfil demográfico de um povo ameríndio da Amazônia Meridional Brasileira e sobrepor informações antropológicas a esses dados quantitativos que retomam, na clave das ideias e valores nativos, aspectos de alguma maneira implicados neste perfil. A expectativa é que tal sobreposição, como nos contrapontos musicais, traga sentidos que estão ausentes nas séries de dados consideradas isoladamente. Por outro lado, o artigo procura chamar a atenção para o interesse analítico de um fenômeno empírico raramente explorado, embora muitas vezes intuído pela pesquisa etnográfica: as redes de “anéis matrimoniais” tecidas por esses povos. O estudo destas redes traz para o primeiro plano uma região de fronteira interdisciplinar que reclama o aprofundamento do diálogo entre a demografia de sociedades de pequena escala e a antropologia do parentesco, ambas interessadas, cada uma a seu modo, nas formas de reprodução desses coletivos.
Avanços na captação de dados sobre a população indígena no Censo Demográfico 2010
Authors: Pereira Nilza de Oliveira Martins
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desta nota de pesquisa é fornecer subsídios para uma discussão acerca dos desafios atuais de análise dos dados censitários no tocante aos indígenas, assim como apresentar algumas perspectivas futuras necessárias para o avanço na produção dessas informações.  Inicialmente, se discorre sobre procedimentos específicos adotados na produção desses dados e se sistematizam algumas inovações metodológicas introduzidas no Censo Demográfico 2010.
VIRUS NILAM: IDENTIFIKASI, KARAKTER BIOLOGI DAN FISIK, SERTA UPAYA PENGENDALIANNYA
Authors: Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah , Noveriza Rita
Published: October 2016

Infeksi virus pada tanaman nilam dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan kualitas minyak. Sembilan jenis virus diidentifikasi menginfeksi tanaman nilam, yaitu Patchouli mosaic virus (PatMoV), Patchouli mild mosaic virus (PatMMV), Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), Peanut stripe virus (PStV), Patchouli yellow mosaic virus (PatYMV), Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), dan Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV). Kesembilan virus tersebut memiliki genom RNA, tetapi panjang dan bentuk partikelnya berbeda. Deteksi dan identifikasi berdasarkan bagian partikel virus dapat dilakukan secara serologi dengan teknik ELISA dan secara molekuler dengan RT-PCR. Gejala awal tanaman nilam terserang virus yaitu mosaik atau belang pada daun pucuk dan pada gejala berat tanaman menjadi kerdil. Infeksi virus dapat bersifat tunggal, tetapi ada pula infeksi oleh beberapa virus. Virus menular secara mekanis dan sebagian melalui penyambungan dan vektor. TNV, BBWV2, dan CMV memiliki kisaran inang yang luas, sedangkan virus yang lain inangnya terbatas. Virus nilam umumnya memiliki titik panas inaktivasi dan titik batas pengenceran yang tinggi, sedangkan ketahanan in vitro tidak stabil. Pendekatan terbaik pengendalian virus ialah menggunakan bahan tanaman bebas virus atau tahan virus dan pengendalian vektor. Tanaman bebas virus dapat diperoleh melalui kultur meristem, sedangkan pengendalian vektor dapat menggunakan pestisida nabati atau kimia.
PENGEMBANGAN KEJU LEMAK RENDAH SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Juniawati Juniawati , Usmiati Sri , Damayanthi Evy
Published: October 2016

Keju merupakan pangan olahan susu sebagai sumber protein dan  kalsium. Namun, kandungan asam lemak jenuh yang tinggi pada keju menjadi penghalang bagi sebagian orang untuk mengonsumsinya. Pengembangan keju lemak rendah merupakan upaya memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan pangan yang menyehatkan. Umumnya, keju lemak rendah memiliki tekstur keras, flavor lemah, dan rasa pahit. Namun, modifikasi proses dan bahan baku dapat memperbaiki kualitas dan meningkatkan nilai fungsional keju lemak rendah. Proses homogenitas krim susu, penambahan fat replacer, adjuct culture dan enzim, serta emulsi minyak nabati dalam skim dapat memperbaiki kualitas keju lemak rendah. Hasil pengujian in vivo dan klinis menunjukkan bahwa keju lemak rendah dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah dan meningkatkan status antioksidan.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN INTEGRASI SAWIT-SAPI DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Suryana Suryana , Yasin Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2013 mencapai 343.749 ha, terdiri atas perkebunan rakyat 59.618 ha (15,95%), perkebunan besar negara 4.906 ha (1,38%), dan perkebunan besar swasta 279.015 ha (87,68%). Dari luas tersebut, terbuka peluang pengembangan ternak sapi potong secara terintegrasi dengan memanfaatkan hijauan berupa rumput dan legum penutup tanah, limbah kebun seperti pelepah sawit, dan limbah pengolahan crude palm oil (CPO) sebagai sumber pakan. Populasi sapi potong di Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2013 mencapai 135.900 ekor, dengan pola pemeliharaan secara tradisional dan semiintensif. Produktivitas sapi potong tergolong rendah, antara lain karena biaya pakan yang tinggi dan efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah. Perbaikan produktivitas sapi potong dapat dilakukan melalui pemeliharaan secara terintegrasi dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pakan. Sementara kotoran ternak dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biogas dan pupuk organik/kompos untuk memperbaiki struktur dan tekstur tanah sehingga produktivitas kelapa sawit meningkat. Perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan sapi potong yang meliputi pemilihan bibit, perkandangan, pemberian pakan yang berkualitas, sistem perkawinan, pemeliharaan pedet dan bakalan, pengendalian penyakit disertai penguatan kelembagaan kelompok tani/ternak atau gabungan kelompok tani/ternak (gapoknak) diharapkan mampu membantu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani secara berkelanjutan.
MANAJEMEN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin
Published: October 2016

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jagung ialah
dengan pemupukan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman dan kondisi lahan.
Umumnya lahan pengembangan jagung di Indonesia defisiensi hara
N sehingga diperlukan tambahan N melalui pemupukan. Manajemen
pemupukan N dilakukan dengan memadukan takaran, waktu dan
cara pemberian sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman dan kondisi lahan.
Takaran pupuk N untuk tanaman jagung hibrida dengan peluang
hasil 9–13 t/ha adalah 160–260 kg N/ha untuk tanah dengan kadar
C-organik rendah, 133–233 kg N/ha untuk tanah dengan kandungan
C-organik sedang, dan 105–205 kg N/ha untuk tanah dengan kadar
C-organik tinggi. Pupuk diberikan secara bertahap, yaitu setengah
atau sepertiga dari takaran rekomendasi pada awal tanam (< 10 HST)
dan sisanya pada 31–52 HST dengan dibenamkan di dalam tanah.
Penggunaan pupuk N perlu mempertimbangkan faktor pembatas
hara lainnya, terutama P dan K. Oleh karena itu, kecukupan dan
keseimbangan pemupukan N, P, dan K sangat penting dalam
meningkatkan efisiensi pupuk N. Apabila menggunakan pupuk Norganik
atau rotasi tanaman jagung dengan kacang-kacangan,
penentuan takaran pupuk N-anorganik perlu mempertimbangkan
N dari pupuk organik atau rotasi tanaman. Pemupukan N dapat
menyebabkan pencemaran udara akibat penguapan NH3, N2O, dan
NO serta pencemaran air tanah akibat pencucian NO3. Untuk
mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut, diperlukan manajemen
pemupukan N yang komprehensif dan pemberian insentif bagi
petani yang menggunakan pupuk N-organik, melakukan rotasi
jagung dengan tanaman kacang-kacangan, atau tumpang sari jagung
dengan kacang-kacangan.
POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI
Authors: Rohimatun Rohimatun , Wiratno Wiratno
Published: October 2016

Daun encok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) merupakan tanaman obat
yang juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati.
Plumbagin merupakan salah satu senyawa sekunder penting yang
terkandung dalam tanaman ini dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan
aktif insektisida (Brontispa longgissima), akarisida (Amblyomma
variegatum), leismanisida (Tripanosoma protozoa dan Leishmania
donovani), nematisida (Aphelenchoides besseyi dan Meloidogyne
incognita), fungisida (Aspergillus sp. dan Fusarium sp.), dan
bakterisida (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus spp.,
Salmonella dan lainnya). Keefektifan senyawa sekunder daun encok
sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati belum dipahami secara lengkap
sehingga perlu diteliti agar dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti dan
petani pengguna. Pemanfaatan daun encok sebagai bahan baku
pestisida nabati diharapkan dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida
kimia sintetis yang cenderung berlebihan sekaligus menciptakan
keseimbangan ekologi secara berkelanjutan. Tanaman daun encok
dapat diperbanyak dengan menggunakan setek dan kultur jaringan.
Pemanfaatan bahan nabati, khususnya daun encok, sebagai pestisida
nabati akan mengurangi ketergantungan petani pada bahan kimia
sintetis sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk yang lebih berdaya
saing, ramah lingkungan, dan aman bagi kesehatan.
PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN BIOGAS DI SENTRA SAPI PERAH
Authors: Dianawati Meksy , Mulijanti Siti Lia
Published: October 2016

Kotoran sapi perah yang tidak diolah dengan benar dapat
mencemari lingkungan serta memengaruhi produksi dan kualitas
susu. Limbah peternakan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber
energi alternatif untuk mensubstitusi kebutuhan energi fosil yang
semakin meningkat dan ketersediaannya makin terbatas. Biogas
merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang dihasilkan dari proses
pengolahan limbah pertanian maupun peternakan. Makalah ini
mengulas alternatif pemanfaatan kotoran sapi perah sebagai biogas.
Pengolahan kotoran ternak menjadi biogas memberikan banyak
manfaat, yakni sebagai sumber energi alternatif, pupuk organik
padat maupun cair, dan pakan ternak, serta dapat memperbaiki
sanitasi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan biogas perlu
dimasyarakatkan terutama di sentra sapi perah. Biogas lebih murah
dibandingkan sumber energi lain sehingga peternak lebih baik
berinvestasi membangun digester secara swadaya dibandingkan
membeli gas elpiji. Pemerintah dapat memberikan subsidi digester
kepada peternak sapi perah untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada
elpiji. Perbaikan teknologi biogas, integrasi sistem biogas dengan
produksi pupuk organik, serta sosialisasi dan bimbingan teknis
produksi dan pemanfaatan biogas dapat memperluas pengembangan
biogas di masyarakat. Peminjaman kredit lunak dari pemerintah
maupun swasta juga dapat mendorong pengembangan biogas.
SAPI KATINGAN SAPI LOKAL KALIMANTAN TENGAH DAN UPAYA PELESTARIANNYA
Authors: Utomo Bambang Ngaji
Published: October 2016

Sapi Katingan merupakan sapi lokal Kalimantan Tengah yang
dipelihara oleh masyarakat Dayak. Ciri umum sapi katingan ialah
bergelambir, berpunuk, bertanduk, dan mempunyai warna bulu yang
bervariasi. Penciri utama dapat dilihat pada sapi betina, yakni
memiliki enam variasi pertumbuhan tanduk, namun yang dominan
ialah melengkung ke depan (78,4%). Pada sapi jantan, tanduk pada
umumnya tumbuh normal ke samping atas (98,3%). Sapi betina juga
memiliki tonjolan di antara tanduk (92,6%). Ada sembilan
kombinasi warna pada sapi betina, namun yang dominan ialah
cokelat kemerahan (27%). Sapi jantan memiliki delapan kombinasi
warna dan yang dominan adalah cokelat keputihan (14,8%). Sapi
katingan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dibanding sapi pesisir
dan sapi aceh, namun lebih kecil daripada sapi bali dan sapi madura.
Sapi lokal Kalimantan Tengah mempunyai keragaman genetik yang
tinggi dan berada satu klaster dengan sapi PO. Untuk meningkatkan
populasi, produktivitas, dan reproduksi sapi lokal Kalimantan
Tengah perlu dilakukan perbaikan mutu genetik melalui seleksi dan
peningkatan kualitas pakan. Upaya pelestarian dilakukan melalui
penetapan wilayah konservasi yakni Desa Buntut Bali. Penetapan
rumpun juga diperlukan agar sapi lokal Kalimantan Tengah mendapat
perhatian yang lebih baik pada level daerah maupun nasional.
IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH SOIL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Agus Fahmuddin , Husnain Husnain , Yustika Rahmah Dewi
Published: October 2016

Climate change affects soil properties and hence crop growth. Several soil management practices potentially reduce vulnerability to unfavorable climate conditions. This paper reviews how climate change affects soil properties and how should soil management be tailored to increase adaptation capacity to extreme climatic conditions. The main symptoms of climate change such as the increase in the global atmospheric temperature, unpredictable onset of the wet and dry seasons and excessive or substantial decrease in rainfall are unfavorable conditions that affect crop growth and production. Several approaches, singly or a combination of two or more measures, can be selected to adapt to the climate change. These include conservation tillage, vegetative and engineering soil conservation, mulching, water harvesting, nutrient management, soil amelioration and soil biological management. Management of soil organic matter is very central in adapting to climate change because of its important role in improving water holding capacity, increasing soil infiltration capacity and soil percolation, buffering soil temperature, improving soil fertility and enhancing soil microbial activities. Organic matter management and other soil management and conservation practices discussed in this paper are relatively simple and have long been known, but often ignored. This paper reemphasizes the importance of those practices for sustaining agriculture amid the ever more serious effects of climate change on agriculture.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI SEKUENSING GENOM UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PROGRAM PEMULIAAN TANAMAN
Authors: Tasma I Made
Published: October 2016

Sumber daya genetik (SDG) tanaman menyediakan materi dasar untuk program pemuliaan tanaman. Namun, baru sebagian kecil (<1%) koleksi SDG yang dimanfaatkan untuk pemuliaan tanaman. Karakterisasi SDG sudah banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan karakter morfologi, namun metode ini lambat, menyita waktu, dan memerlukan banyak tenaga. Teknologi sekuensing modern menghasilkan peta genom rujukan suatu spesies tanaman yang   dapat mempercepat karakterisasi SDG menggunakan teknik next generation sequencing (NGS). Tulisan ini mengulas pemanfaatan teknologi sekuensing genom untuk karakterisasi, proteksi, dan pemanfaatan SDG untuk mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman. Di Indonesia, teknologi NGS telah dimanfaatkan sejak 2010 untuk resekuensing genom komoditas unggulan nasional seperti kedelai, kakao, jagung, dan cabai merah. Jutaan SNP dan Indel telah diidentifikasi pada setiap komoditas sebagai sumber daya pemuliaan yang bernilai tinggi. Sebagian kecil SNP/Indel tersebut berada pada protein coding region yang potensial untuk penemuan gen-gen unggul. Selain SNP yang diidentifikasi pada semua genotipe, ditemukan SNP pada genotipe tertentu (SNP unik). Koleksi SNP dalam jumlah besar ini digunakan untuk mensintesis SNP chip untuk genotyping SDG secara cepat dan komprehensif. Didukung data fenotipe, SNP chip bermanfaat untuk melabel gen-gen unggul. Marka SNP yang berpautan dengan karakter unggul digunakan untuk menyeleksi individu pembawa karakter unggul tersebut. Dengan teknologi NGS, perakitan VUB tanaman dapat dilakukan lebih cepat, akurat, dan efisien. Dengan demikian, teknologi NGS dapat memfasilitasi karakterisasi dan pemanfaatan SDG untuk mem-percepat program pemuliaan tanaman.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK IN VITRO DALAM PERBANYAKAN MASSAL BENIH JERUK BEBAS PENYAKIT
Authors: Devy Nirmala Friyanti
Published: October 2016

Mata tempel yang digunakan sebagai batang atas benih sebar jeruk di Indonesia berasal dari tanaman induk di Blok Penggandaan Mata Tempel (BPMT). Tanaman induk tersebut merupakan turunan dari produk shoot tip grafting (STG) in vitro yang menghasilkan induk jeruk bebas penyakit dan identik dengan induknya. Dengan makin berkembangnya teknologi kultur in vitro, benih sebar yang sehat dan serupa induknya dapat dihasilkan melalui teknologi embriogenesis somatik (ES). ES merupakan suatu proses di mana sel-sel somatik (haploid maupun diploid) berkembang membentuk tumbuhan baru melalui tahap perkembangan embrio tanpa melalui fusi gamet. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan proses tersebut, antara lain genotipe, jenis dan fase perkembangan eksplan, serta komposisi dan jenis media kultur. Tanaman jeruk hasil ES secara genetik identik dengan induknya, namun subkultur berulang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya variasi somaklonal. Teknologi ini juga efektif untuk mengeliminasi penyakit virus dan penyakit Huanglongbing (CVPD) yang terbawa induk. Namun adanya karakter juvenil pada produk tanamannya menghambat upaya penyediaan benih jeruk bebas penyakit di Indonesia secara cepat. Untuk mengatasinya dikembangkan teknik sambung embrio kotiledon atau planlet hasil ES pada batang bawah jeruk secara ex vitro. Dengan cara ini, tanaman yang dihasilkan dapat tumbuh, berbunga, dan berproduksi dengan rentang waktu normal di lapangan. Penggunaan teknologi ES diharapkan dapat mempercepat produksi massal benih jeruk bebas penyakit pada masa mendatang.
PERKEMBANGAN DAN TANTANGAN PERAKITAN VARIETAS TAHAN DALAM PENGENDALIAN WERENG COKLAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Iswanto Eko Hari , Susanto Untung , Jamil Ali
Published: October 2016

Varietas tahan merupakan komponen utama dalam pengendalian wereng coklat pada tanaman padi. Namun, varietas tahan yang ditanam secara luas dan terus-menerus dapat patah ketahanannya karena wereng coklat mampu beradaptasi dengan membentuk biotipe baru. Saat ini lebih dari 70 gen ketahanan terhadap wereng, baik gen utama maupun quantitative trait loci (QTLs), telah diidentifikasi dan beberapa gen telah digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul padi. Keanekaragaman sumber gen ketahanan pada varietas dapat menjadi alternatif pergiliran tanaman dalam upaya meredam serangan wereng coklat. Tantangan perakitan varietas tahan ke depan ialah produktivitas tinggi dan toleran terhadap cekaman abiotik. Perakitan varietas tahan dengan ketahanan lestari (durable resistance) menggunakan marker-assisted selection (MAS) dengan menggabungkan lebih dari dua gen ketahanan (gen utama maupun QTLs) diharapkan dapat menghambat pembentukan biotipe baru wereng coklat. Gen-gen ketahanan pada beberapa varietas diferensial seperti Rathu Heenati (Bph3 dan Bph17) dan PTB33 (bph2 dan Bph3) masih mempunyai ketahanan yang baik terhadap populasi wereng coklat dari daerah endemis dan dapat dijadikan donor dalam perakitan varietas tahan. Deteksi gen ketahanan pada varietas unggul padi yang akan dilepas sangat penting untuk menentukan rekomendasi daerah/lokasi tanam dan pergiliran varietas. Selain itu, manajemen ketahanan varietas juga penting agar varietas tahan yang dilepas dapat bertahan lama di lapangan.