bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Phosphate on the Adsorption–Desorption Kinetics of Vanadium in an Acidic Soil
Authors: Sun Wenguang , Li Xueping , Padilla Joshua , Elbana Tamer A. , Selim H. Magdi
Published: April 2019

Quantitative understanding of the mechanisms controlling the competitive retention and transport of V and phosphate on soils is essential for accurately evaluating the environmental risks of contaminants in the environment. Batch and stir‐flow chamber experiments were performed to quantify the extent of kinetics of V and phosphate competitive retention in an acidic soil (Sharkey clay). In this study, a stir‐flow model was used to describe tracer and competitive reactive solute adsorption, and desorption processes in soils. Based on optimized and predictive modeling results, a fully reversible–irreversible multi‐reaction model successfully described the time‐dependent competitive V and phosphate retention and transport process in Sharkey soil. Adsorption for V and phosphate were highly nonlinear and time dependent, where V binding affinities were stronger than those for phosphate. Results from batch experiments indicated that that the rate and extent (amount) of V released increased significantly in the presence of phosphate. Breakthrough curves for V, from stir‐flow experiments, were asymmetrical and exhibited slow release or tailing, indicating that nonequilibrium retention on the surface of soil was the dominant mechanism of the time‐dependent adsorption of V. Results of stir‐flow experiments indicated that increased mobility of V was observed in the presence of phosphate caused by direct competition for available retention sites. In conclusion, increased addition of phosphate causes decreasing sorption capacity and increasing mobility of V and needs to be considered in modeling the fate and transport of V in soil.

Core Ideas

Retention mechanisms of V and phosphate were different.

The presence of P results in increased mobility of V.

The stir‐flow multi‐reaction model successfully described time‐dependent V transport.
Impact of Cover Crop Management on Level of Weed Suppression: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Osipitan O. Adewale , Dille J. Anita , Assefa Yared , Radicetti Emanuele , Ayeni Albert , Knezevic Stevan Z.
Published: April 2019

We conducted a previous systematic and meta‐analysis review that showed differences in results from studies that evaluated the effectiveness of cover crops for weed suppression in cropping systems; these differences were largely due to management approaches used in growing the cover crop and main crop. The current meta‐analysis provides a quantitative review on how cover crop and main crop management practices influence the impact of cover crops on weed suppression. The meta‐analysis used observations from 53 studies published from 1990 to 2018. Cover crop biomass was inversely related to the amount of weed biomass (r2 = 0.67) and weed density (r2 = 0.64). In general, the meta‐analysis shows that cover crops provided a range of weed suppression depending on management decisions such as choice of cover crop species, cover crop sowing season (fall or spring), sowing dates within seasons, seeding rate, termination date, delay in main crop planting date after cover crop termination, tillage system under which the cover crop was produced, and integrating the cover crop with other weed control inputs. For example, grass cover crop species provided greater weed suppression than broadleaf species. Fall‐sown cover crops provided greater weed suppression (weighted mean of response ratio [R*] = 0.19) than spring‐sown cover crops (R* = 0.48) by the summer. Weed suppression increased by increasing seeding rate of cover crops from 1× (R* = 0.50) to 2× (R* = 0.27) or 3× (R* = 0.10). In addition, cover crops provided greater weed suppression in reduced tillage systems (R* = 0.19) than no tillage (R* = 0.29). The differential weed suppression provided by these management approaches suggests that a cover crop management approach should be rightly selected for weed suppression benefits.
The displacement of a deformable ellipsoid in a low-viscosity liquid
Authors: Ilgamov M.A. , Fedyaev V.L.
Published: April 2019

We consider the average displacement of an ellipsoid in a viscous fluid caused by given axially symmetric deformations of its surface in the form of traveling waves. Parametric analysis of mean displacement is given.
Mathematical modeling of steady stratified flows
Authors: Ilyasov A.M. , Kireev V.N. , Urmancheev S.F. , Akhatov I.Sh.
Published: April 2019

The work is devoted to the analysis of the flow of immiscible liquid in a flat channel and the creation of calculation schemes for determining the flow parameters.

A critical analysis of the well-known Two Fluids Model was carried out and a new scheme for the determination of wall and interfacial friction, called the hydraulic approximation in the theory of stratified flows, was proposed. Verification of the proposed approximate model was carried out on the basis of a direct numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for each fluid by a finite-difference method with phase-boundary tracking by the VOF (Volume of Fluid) method.

The graphical dependencies illustrating the change in the interfase boundaries of liquids and the averaged over the occupied area of the phase velocities along the flat channel are presented. The results of comparative calculations for two-fluid models are also given, according to the developed model in the hydraulic approximation and direct modeling. It is shown that the calculations in accordance with the hydraulic approximation are more consistent with the simulation results.

Thus, the model of hydraulic approximation is the most preferred method for calculating stratified flows, especially in cases of variable volumetric content of liquids.
The flow of liquids with a temperature anomaly of viscosity
Authors: Kireev V.N. , Urmancheev S.F.
Published: April 2019

For the vast majority of liquids, viscosity is a function that decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. However, a number of substances in which processes of polymerization and depolymerization can occur in a certain temperature range have a viscosity with a nonmonotonic temperature dependence. This dependence, for example, is characteristic of liquid sulfur. In this paper we present the results of a numerical study of the features of the flow of a liquid with a certain model nonmonotonic viscosity dependence on the temperature. The formation of a ”viscous barrier“ that determines the nature of the fluid flow in the channel is established. The main regularities of the flow are determined depending on the parameters of the viscous anomaly and external conditions.
The influence of dissipation on the dynamics of a bubble cluster
Authors: Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: April 2019

The supercompression method, consisting in a nonperiodic change in the external pressure, is applied to a cluster of gas bubbles in an unbound viscous, slightly compressible fluid. The effect of dissipation of the kinetic energy associated with the viscosity of a liquid and acoustic radiation on the dynamics of a bubble cluster is considered. The oscillations of a single bubble and bubble in a monodisperse cluster are compared, as well as a comparison of bubble oscillations in mono- and polydisperse clusters.
The study of the filtration of liquids in the elastic-plastic regime with the integral law of fracture of rocks
Authors: Khudjuyerov B.H. , Shodmonov I.E. , Holier E.C.
Published: April 2019

As experience shows the development of deep oil fields with terrigenous reservoirs along with irreversibility of deformation there is a loss of stability of the formation's skeleton, i.e. he collapses in zones of strong pressure decrease. Particles of rock then are carried out from the formation by a flow of liquid. In this case, the composition of the liquid changes, a two-phase medium consisting of a liquid and a solid particles. In this paper we propose generalized dependencies of the variation porosity and permeability in the elastic-plastic mode of filtration The liquid taking into account the removal of the destroyed particles from the formation, where it is taken into account non-local character of the removal of the destroyed particles in time.
Stability of digital multiply connected control systems
Authors: Liantsev O.D.
Published: April 2019

The problem of theoretical investigation of the stability of digital multiply connected control systems and the influence on the stability of errors of numerical values of the parameters of the model of the control object and ways of implementing the control law are considered.
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Neonatal Rats: An Insight into its Applications to Induce Diabetic Complications
Authors: Baig Mirza Anwar , Panchal Shital Sharad
Published: April 2019

Background:

Diabetic complications are the major contributor in the mortality of diabetic patients despite controlling blood glucose level. In the journey of new drug discovery, animal models have to play a major role. A large number of chemical-induced and genetically modified animal models have been investigated to induce diabetic complications but none of them was found to be mimicking the pathophysiology of the human. Therefore, the search and identification of the appropriate animal model become essential.

Objective:

In the present review, we have made an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of diabetic complication in the neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic rat model and tried to identify the targets for therapeutic agents. The review will help the researchers to explore the animal model to induce diabetic complications, to identify targets and further to find lead molecules for treatment or prevention of diabetic complications.

Methods:

We have compiled the available research work from 1974 by using prominent databases, organized the available information and analyzed the data to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic complications in neonates of rats.

Results:

The neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic rat model is frequently used and well-established animal model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have found that this model has been used to study the pathogenesis of various micro and macrovascular diabetic complications and also investigated for its effects on the liver, thymus gland, and brain. The underlying pathophysiology for complications had a resemblance to the human.

Conclusion:

The neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic rat model may demonstrate symptomatic diabetic complications due to persistent hyperglycemia at the age of approximately 18-24 weeks. Critical interpretations of available research work showed that the researcher can explore split dose STZ (90- 100mg/kg b.w) model to induce Type 2 DM in neonates of rats at 2nd or 3rd postnatal day.
A Novel hybrid approach for Secured Multimedia Big Data Content Protection System (SMBDCPS)
Authors: Velliangiri S.
Published: April 2019

Most of existing work does not ensure the optimal and secured storage maintenance of big data. This is resolved in the proposed research method by introducing the method namely Secured Multimedia Big Data Content Protection System (SMBDCPS). In this work, initially keys are encryption and decryption is generated by introducing the Hybrid AES and SHA-256 algorithm. This method would integrate the key values of AES and SHA-256 together to generate the new key value which would increase the security level of the proposed system. The keys generated using this hybrid algorithm only requires small storage which is computationally efficient. The overall evaluation of the research work is carried out on matlab simulation environment over the medical health care datasets which proves that the proposed research method ensure the optimal and secured handling of multimedia big data.
Life Writing Research Past and Present: Interview with Sidonie Smith and Julia Watson
Authors: Herbe Sarah , Novak Julia
Published: April 2019

On 16 November, 2017, the Austrian “Netzwerk Biographieforschung”,1 a network of life writing scholars and practitioners from various disciplines (history, literary studies, pedagogics, archival work, art, musicology) hosted its twelfth workshop at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna. The organisers (Sarah Herbe, Julia Lajta-Novak and Melanie Unseld) were delighted to welcome two very special guests: Prof. Sidonie Smith and Prof. Julia Watson, whose vital contribution to autobiography theory need hardly be explained in the context of this journal. They had been invited on the occasion of the recent publication of Life Writing in the Long Run: A Smith and Watson Autobiography Studies Reader (Maize Books, 2016, available free online), which features a cross-section of their scholarship in the field over three decades. The following is an excerpt from the interview Sarah Herbe and Julia Lajta-Novak conducted with Sidonie Smith and Julia Watson, which addressed the differences between autobiographical and biographical modes, recent theoretical interventions in the field of life-writing studies, and topical issues such as the impact of “post-truth” on auto/biography scholars and the implications of the #MeToo movement as a massive autobiographical project. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant V543-G23.
Metalepsis in Autobiographical Narrative
Authors: Smith Sidonie , Watson Julia
Published: April 2019

How do fictional tactics operate in what is often simplistically termed the “factual” or referential world of autobiographical discourse? Many narratologists view the rhetorical figure of metalepsis as distinctive to metafictional texts and constitutive of “fictional” narration, which they posit in antithesis to “factual” narration. But regarding autobiographical narrative only within the realm of fact ignores its complexity. While some theorists of autobiographical narrative have read it through the rhetorical figure of prosopopeia, as elaborated by Paul de Man in characterizing its “de-facement” of subjectivity, we argue that the figure of metalepsis operates productively in autobiographical narrative, particularly hybrid and experimental texts. The use of metalepsis shifts levels or layers of narration across temporal and spatial planes in ways that confuse its diegetic and metadiegetic levels. That is, autobiographical narrative, while filtered through the récit factuel, is not consistently fixed in an extratextual, ontologically unified, referential world. We pursue this argument by exploring four cases: the circuit of transfer in incomplete conversion narrative (Rowlandson’s A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson); palimsistic seepage between the Bildungsroman and trauma narrative (Eggers’ A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius); narrative collision of “parallel universes” (Kaysen’s Girl, Interrupted); and unstable witness to collective trauma by a second-generation narrator (Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale). Recent critical studies of metalepsis also probe how it presses at the limits of referentiality in life narratives by J. M. Coetzee, Javier Marías, and Christine Brooke-Rose. In sum, autobiographical narrative is by no means a referential, “monologic” mode easily differentiated from the dialogism and metadiscursivity of the novel; rather, it is a mode unsettled by figural, discursive, and temporal boundary-crossing.
Nuevos registros de plantas vasculares para el departamento Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Parra Sofía , Mendoza-Cifuentes Humberto , Morales-Puentes María Eugenia , Malagón María , Manrique Naisla , Moreno Diego
Published: April 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los páramos albergan una alta diversidad de especies vegetales, muchas de las cuales son endémicas de Colombia. Sin embargo, existen zonas de páramo aún sin explorar, lo que ha generado vacíos de información sobre la distribución de las especies. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es presentar los nuevos registros de especies vegetales para el departamento Boyacá y contribuir al conocimiento de la flora del Páramo de Rabanal.Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos en el Páramo de Rabanal, municipio Samacá (veredas Loma Redonda y La Chorrera), se revisó la distribución de las especies y se realizó una breve descripción de aquellos taxones que son nuevos registros para el departamento.Resultados clave: Se presentan novedades en la diversidad florística del departamento Boyacá. Se identifican ocho nuevos registros de taxa entre angiospermas y pteridofitos, cuatro especies pertenecen a la familia Orchidaceae, dos a Polypodiaceae y las restantes a Bromeliaceae y Campanulaceae, comprendidas en un rango altitudinal de 3200-3301 m.Conclusiones: Esta es la primera aproximación florística para el sector noroccidental del Páramo de Rabanal donde se reportan ocho nuevos registros de distribución de especies vegetales para el departamento Boyacá. Este estudio demuestra la importancia de realizar expediciones botánicas que permitan incrementar el conocimiento de la diversidad, como base para el desarrollo de estrategias para su protección y conservación.
Studying the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Materials Fabricated from Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Oleiwi Jawad Kadhim , Hamad Qahtan Adnan
Published: April 2019

In this research, the effect of adding two different types of reinforcing particles was investigated, which included: nano-zirconia (nano-ZrO2) particles and micro-lignin particles that were added with different volume fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. They were prepared in this research, as a complete prosthesis and partial denture base materials was prepared, by using cold cure poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin matrix. The composite specimens in this research consist of two groups according to the types of reinforced particles, were prepared by using casting methods, type (Hand Lay-Up) method. The first group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by (nano-ZrO2) particles, while the second group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by (micro-lignin) particles.

The mechanical tests performed in this research includedtensile test, compression test, impact test and hardness test. The results of this study showed that the values of tensile modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and hardness properties increased with increasing the volume fraction of these particles in PMMA composite materials. While, the values of tensile strength, elongation and impact strength properties decreased. Also, the addition of (nano-ZrO2) particles showed greater effect than that of (micro-lignin) particles in some properties of PMMA composite materials for prosthesis denture base materials specimens, while they have lower effect for the other properties.
Study the Effect of Cutting Parameters on Temperature Distribution and Tool Life During Turning Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Akbar Ahmed A. , Shwaish Raed R. , Hadi Naba D.
Published: April 2019

This paper is focused on studying the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed and depth of cut) on the response (temperature and tool life) during turning process. The inserts used in this study are carbide inserts coated with TiAlN (Titanum, Aluminium and Nitride) for machining a shaft of stainless steel 316L. Finite difference method was used to find the temperature distribution. The experimental results were done using infrared camera while the simulation process was performed using Matlab software package. The results showed that the  maximum difference between the experimental and simulation results was equal to 19.3 , so, a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results  was achieved. Tool life was decreased when spindle speed and feed were increased.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Similar and Dissimilar Al Alloys Joined using Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Hassan Kharia Salman
Published: April 2019

The influence of pre- shot peening and welding parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar and similar aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 and AA6061-T6 joints using friction stir welding have been studied. In this work, numbers of plates were equipped from sheet alloys in dimensions (150*50*6) mm then some of them were exposed to shot peening process before friction stir welding using steel ball having diameter 1.25 mm for period of 15 minutes. FSW joints were manufactured from plates at three welding speeds (28, 40, 56 mm/min) and welding speed 40mm/min was chosen at a rotating speed of 1400 rpm for welding the dissimilar pre- shot plates. Tow joints were made at rotational speed of 1000 rpm and welding speed of 40m/min from shot and without shot peening plats. Welding temperature was measured in three zones using thermocouple. Micro hardness (HV) and tensile tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristic of the joints. The results show a decay in mechanical qualities when the welding speed was increased and the best result was at (28) mm/min and the opposite result was obtained when rotational speed increased and pre-shot contributed in improving of this decay at 88% of welding speed (40) mm/min and 98%  at the rotational speed of 1000 rpm.
Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Diesel using Biopile system
Authors: Jabbar Noor Mohsen , Kadhim Estabriq Hasan , Mohammed Alaa Kareem
Published: April 2019

This study was focused on biotreatment of soil which polluted by petroleum compounds (Diesel) which caused serious environmental problems. One of the most effective and promising ways to treat diesel-contaminated soil is bioremediation. It is a choice that offers the potential to destroy harmful pollutants using biological activity. The capability of mixed bacterial culture was examined to remediate the diesel-contaminated soil in bio piling system. For fast ex-situ treatment of diesel-contaminated soils, the bio pile system was selected. Two pilot scale bio piles (25 kg soil each) were constructed containing soils contaminated with approximately 2140 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The amended soil: (contaminated soil with the addition of nutrients and bacterial inoculum), where the soil was mixed with 1.5% of sawdust, then supplied with the necessary nutrients and watered daily to provide conditions promoting microorganism growth. Unamended soil was prepared as a control (contaminated soil without addition).  Both systems were equipped with oxygen to provide aerobic conditions, incubated at atmospheric temperature and weekly sampling within 35 days. Overall 75% of the total petroleum hydrocarbons were removed from the amended soil and 38 % of the control soil at the end of study period.

The study concluded that ex-situ experiment (Bio pile) is a preferable, economical, and environmentally friendly procedure, thus representing a good option for the treatment of soil contaminated with diesel.
Optimization and Prediction of Process Parameters in SPIF that Affecting on Surface Quality Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Baden Aqeel Sabree
Published: April 2019

Incremental sheet metal forming is a modern technique of sheet metal forming in which a uniform sheet is locally deformed during the progressive action of a forming tool. The tool movement is governed by a CNC milling machine. The tool locally deforms by this way the sheet with pure deformation stretching. In SPIF process, the research is concentrate on the development of predict models for estimate the product quality. Using simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), Surface quality in SPIF has been modeled. In the development of this predictive model, spindle speed, feed rate and step depth have been considered as model parameters. Maximum peak height (Rz) and Arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) are used as response parameter to assess the surface roughness of incremental forming parts along and across tool path direction. The data required has been generate, compare and evaluate to the proposed models that obtained from SPIF experiments.

Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) is utilized to develop an effective mathematical model to predict optimum level. In simulated algorithm (SA), an exponential cooling schedule depending on Newtonian cooling process is used and by choosing the number of iterations at each step on the experimental work is done. The SA algorithm is used to predict the forming parameters (speed, feed and step size) on surface quality in forming process of Al 1050 based on Taguchi‘s orthogonal array of L9 and (ANOVA) analysis of variance were used to find the best factors that effect on  the surface quality.
High Order Sliding Mode Observer-Based Output Feedback Controller Design For Electro-Hydraulic System
Authors: AL-Samarraie Shibly Ahmed , Mishary Mustafa H.
Published: April 2019

A perturbed linear system with property of strong observability ensures that there is a sliding mode observer to estimate the unknown form inputs together with states estimation. In the case of the electro-hydraulic system with piston position measured output, the above property is not met. In this paper, the output and its derivatives estimation were used to build a dynamic structure that satisfy the condition of strongly observable. A high order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) was used to estimate both the resulting unknown perturbation term and the output derivatives. Thereafter with one signal from the whole system (piton position), the piston position make tracking to desire one with a simple linear output feedback controller after canceling the perturbation term.

The numerical simulation results showed excellent performance of the proposed output feedback controller in forcing the piston position to follow the desired reference position. Moreover, the control effort spent was minimal.
Comparative Study of Performance and Emission Characteristics between Spark Ignition Engine and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine (HCCI)
Authors: Ali Nahedh Mahmood
Published: April 2019

Many researchers consider Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine mode as a promising alternative to combustion in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines. The HCCI engine runs on lean mixtures of fuel and air, and the combustion is produced from the fuel autoignition instead of ignited by a spark. This combustion mode was investigated in this paper. A variable compression ratio, spark ignition engine type TD110 was used in the experiments. The tested fuel was Iraqi conventional gasoline (ON=82).

The results showed that HCCI engine can run in very lean equivalence ratios. The brake specific fuel consumption was reduced about 28% compared with a spark ignition engine. The experimental tests showed that the emissions concentrations were reduced by 91.27% for NOx, 85.99% for CO, 78.91% for CO2, and 83.56% for unburned hydrocarbons compared to the SI engine. HCCI engine produced little noise with about 26.68% less than SI engine.
Experimental and Numerical Research on Flow-Induced Vibration in Valves
Authors: Hussein Asmaa Ali
Published: April 2019

Abstract  

All central air conditioning systems contain piping system with various components, sizes, material, and layouts. If such systems in operating mode, the flow in piping system and its component such as valves can produce severe vibration due to some flow phenomenon’s. In this research, experimental measurements and numerical simulation are used to study the flow-induced vibration in valves. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) concepts are included with one-way and two-way fluid-structure interaction concepts by using finite element software Package (ANSYS 14.57). Detection analysis is performed on flow characteristics under operation conditions and relations with structural vibration. Most of real geometrical, operational, and boundary conditions are simulated to obtain best similarity with real operation conditions. Comparisons performed between experimental data and numerical results (one-way and two-way simulation) to verify the results. The main conclusion was drawn from the study that the dominant source of vibration for valve is the water pulsation in addition to amount of water hammering. In addition, the main source of water pulsation in globe valve is the vortex shedding and pressure difference between upstream and downstream of valve. The vibration amplitude was increased with increasing flow rate until to be maximum when the flow rate around 30% and then decreased until flow rate reaches to around 85% and then trends to be constant.

Keywords: Flow-induced vibration, vortex shedding, pressure pulsation, valve, finite element, ANSYS, fast Fourier transform (FFT).
Simulation Model of Wind Turbine Power Control System with Fuzzy Regulation by Mamdani and Larsen Algorithms
Authors: Aziz Ghada Adel
Published: April 2019

Abstract 

     The aim of this work is to create a power control system for wind turbines based on fuzzy logic. Three power control loop was considered including: changing the pitch angle of  the blade, changing the length of the blade and turning the nacelle. The stochastic law was given for changes and instant inaccurate assessment of wind conditions changes. Two different algorithms were used for fuzzy inference in the control loop, the Mamdani and Larsen algorithms. These two different algorithms are materialized and developed in this study in Matlab-Fuzzy logic toolbox which has been practically implemented using necessary intelligent control system in electrical engineering and renewable energy concepts.

     A comparison was done to access the functionality of  the developed power control system of fuzzy logic and classical control system with PID – control. It can be concluded that the power control system of fuzzy logic allows to accurately maintain production under the control target function for each work area. When switching operation of wind turbines, it has the distinction that from 13.5 m/s  to another wind velocity value, there is no overshoot  and a typical of classical control systems, and when the wind velocity V is less than13.5 m / s, the pitch angle of the blades should be slightly greater than zero, and if it has increased by 5 °, then blade length should be minimal as possible. Simulation program proved the possibility of effective power regulation for the large wind turbines controller fuzzy type on the basis of knowledge production "if - then" rules, which were shown to be effective on these wind turbines control.

 Keywords: Mamdani and Larsen algorithms fuzzy inference, Matlab Fuzzy Logic ,Fuzzy-PID controllers, Wind turbine.
Iraqi Bauxite and Porcalinite Rocks Based Refractory, Preparation and Studying Properties
Authors: Merzah Amel S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract 

Locally natural occurring Iraqi rocks of Bauxite and Porcelanite (after pre calcinations at 1000oC for 1hr) were used, with the addition of different proportions of MgO and Al2O3, to prepare refractory materials. The effects of these additives on the physical and thermal properties of the prepared refractories were investigated.

Many batches of Bauxite/MgO, Bauxite/Al2O3, Bauxite/MgO/Al2O3, and   Porcelanite/ MgO/Al2O3 were prepared. The mixture is milled and classified into different size fractions; fine (less than 45μm) 40%, middle (45-75μm) 40%, and coarse (75-106μm) 20% .                         

X-ray diffraction technique was used to identify the structure of Bauxite and Porcelanite rocks. The samples were formed by semi dry pressing with the addition of few drops of water as a binder. These samples were sintered at 1100oC for 2hrs. Physical properties (linear shrinkage, density and porosity), and the thermal properties (thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat) were measured for all the prepared samples.         

The results show the increasing of density is susceptible to the thermal properties, and also the addition of Al2O3 and MgO to the natural rocks have a limited effect, and the values of the parameters above  for the natural rocks, were in the levels to be used as a refractory material for lining a metal fusion furnaces and other applications.

Keywords: Bauxite, Refractory brick, Porcelanite Stone, Physical properties, Thermal properties.
Design a Vegetative Filter Strips Length Using VFSMOD_W Model for Reducing Sediments and Pesticides
Authors: Shukur Hayat Kareem , Sachit Dawood E.
Published: April 2019

Abstract 

The vegetative filter strips (VFS) are a useful tool used for reducing the movement of sediment and pesticide in therivers. The filter strip’s soil can help in reducing the runoff volume by infiltration. However, the characteristics of VFS (i.e., length) are not recently identified depending on the estimation of VFS modeling performance. The aim of this research is to study these characteristics and determine acorrelation between filter strip length and percent reduction (trapping efficiency) for sediment, water, and pesticide. Two proposed pesticides(one has organic carbon sorption coefficient, Koc, of 147 L/kg which is more moveable than XXXX, and another one has a Koc of 2070 L/kg which is less moveable than XXXX) are presented, where the goal is to prevent 95% of incoming sediment and 85% of the incoming pesticide to reach a receiving stream in still water, Oklahoma from a cultivated field (1250 m²),for 2 hour storm with 5 years return period. Several VFS lengths were simulated including1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 13 m. The results showed that the percent of reduction of sediment, pesticide, and water mainly depends on VFS lengths. Moreover, considering the design storms range, the simulation illustrated that the optimal filter length was13m for silty clay loam. When the value of   was increased from 147 L/kg to 6070 L/kg, the filter length decreased from 13 to 9.5 because of the increase in trapping efficiency. In addition, the results revealed that the trap­ping efficiency was for sediment but not for water orpesticide which was highly impacted by the narrow filter strips. The amount of the rainfall and runoff of the designated field was larger than the infiltration capacity of filter strips, which resulted in low trapping efficiency for pesticide and water.

Keywords: Models ,runoff, sediment, vegetative filter strip, , water quality, watershed planning.
Model Reference Adaptive Control based on a Self-Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network Utilizing Micro Artificial Immune Systems
Authors: Lutfy Omar Farouq , Dawood Maryam Hassan
Published: April 2019

Abstract 

This paper presents an intelligent model reference adaptive control (MRAC) utilizing a self-recurrent wavelet neural network (SRWNN) to control nonlinear systems. The proposed SRWNN is an improved version of a previously reported wavelet neural network (WNN). In particular, this improvement was achieved by adopting two modifications to the original WNN structure. These modifications include, firstly, the utilization of a specific initialization phase to improve the convergence to the optimal weight values, and secondly, the inclusion of self-feedback weights to the wavelons of the wavelet layer. Furthermore, an on-line training procedure was proposed to enhance the control performance of the SRWNN-based MRAC. As the training method, the recently developed modified micro artificial immune system (MMAIS) was used to optimize the parameters of the SRWNN. The effectiveness of this control approach was demonstrated by controlling several nonlinear dynamical systems. For each of these systems, several evaluation tests were conducted, including control performance tests, robustness tests, and generalization tests. From these tests, the SRWNN-based MRAC has exhibited its effectiveness regarding accurate control, disturbance rejection, and generalization ability. In addition, a comparative study was made with other related controllers, namely the original WNN, the artificial neural network (ANN), and the modified recurrent network (MRN). The results of these comparison tests indicated the superiority of the SRWNN controller over the other related controllers.

Keywords: Artificial neural network, micro artificial immune system, model reference adaptive control, self-recurrent wavelet neural network , Wavelet neural network.
Performance Comparison of Different Advanced Control Schemes for Glucose Level Control under Disturbing Meal
Authors: Midhat Bashar Fateh , Humaidi Amjad Jaleel
Published: April 2019

Abstract

In this work, diabetic glucose concentration level control under disturbing meal has been controlled using two set of advanced controllers. The first set is sliding mode controllers (classical and integral) and the second set is represented by optimal LQR controllers (classical and Min-, ax). Due to their characteristic features of disturbance rejection, both integral sliding mode controller and LQR Minmax controller are dedicated here for comparison. The Bergman minimal mathematical model was used to represent the dynamic behavior of a diabetic patient’s blood glucose concentration to the insulin injection. Simulations based on Matlab/Simulink, were performed to verify the performance of each controller. In spite that Min-max optimal controller gave better disturbance rejection capability than classical optimal controller, classical sliding mode controller could outperform Min-max controller. However, it has been shown that integral sliding mode controller is the best of all in terms of disturbance rejection capability.

 

Key words: Optimal LQR control, Optimalminimax control, Sliding mode control, Integral sliding mode control.
Improvement of Dynamic Buckling Behavior of Intermediate Aluminized Stainless Steel Columns
Authors: Al-Khazraji Ahmed Naif , Al-Rabii Samir Ali , Al-Khazaali Hameed Shamkhi
Published: April 2019

This paper experimentally investigated the dynamic buckling behavior of AISI 303 stainless steel aluminized and as received intermediate columns.  Twenty seven specimens without aluminizing (type 1) and 75 specimens with hot-dip aluminizing at different aluminizing conditions of dipping temperature and dipping time (type 2), were tested under dynamic compression loading (compression and torsion), dynamic bending loading (bending and torsion), and under dynamic combined loading (compression, bending, and torsion) by using a rotating buckling test machine. The experimental results werecompared with tangent modulus theory, reduced modulus theory, and Perry Robertson interaction formula. Reduced modulus was formulated to circular cross-section for the specimens of type (1).The experimental results obtained showed an advantageous influence of hot-dip aluminizing treatment on the dynamic buckling behavior of AISI 303 stainless steel intermediate columns. The improvements based on the average value of critical stress were19.4 % for intermediate columns type (2) compared with columns type (1) under dynamic compression loading, 8.7 % for intermediate columns type (2) compared with columns type (1) under dynamic bending loading, and 16.5 % for intermediate columns type (2) compared with columns type (1) under dynamic combined loading.
ptimization the Parameters of Magnetic Abrasive Process Using Taguchi Method to Improve the Surface Roughness
Authors: Mousa Shakir M
Published: April 2019

Abstract  

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process is one of non-traditional or advanced finishing methods which is suitable for different materials and produces high quality level of surface finish where it uses magnetic force as a machining pressure. A set of experimental tests was planned according to Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) L27 (36) with three levels and six input parameters. Experimental estimation and optimization of input parameters for MAF process for stainless steel type 316 plate work piece, six input parameters including amplitude of tooth pole, and number of cycle between teeth, current, cutting speed, working gap, and finishing time, were performed by design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM).These six input parameters in this research were optimized  for all input parameters to improve the surface layer for work piece by using signal-to-noise ratio technique. The obtained results showed that all six input parameters have an influence on the change in surface roughness(∆Ra). In addition, the results showed that the surface roughness of the work piece decreased from 1.130 to 0.370µm that means high level of improvement in the change of surface roughness (0.760)µm.

Keywords: MAF process, MINITAB software, parameters, Signal-to-Noise ratio, surface roughness, Taguchi orthogonal array.
Proposed Hybrid Sparse Adaptive Algorithms for System Identification
Authors: Abdulsattar Mahmood A. K , Ali Samer Hussein
Published: April 2019

Abstract 

For sparse system identification,recent suggested algorithms are  -norm Least Mean Square (  -LMS), Zero-Attracting LMS (ZA-LMS), Reweighted Zero-Attracting LMS (RZA-LMS), and p-norm LMS (p-LMS) algorithms, that have modified the cost function of the conventional LMS algorithm by adding a constraint of coefficients sparsity. And so, the proposed algorithms are named  -ZA-LMS,  -RZA-LMS, p-ZA-LMS and p-RZA-LMS that are designed by merging twoconstraints from previous algorithms to improve theconvergence rate and steady state of MSD for sparse system. In this paper, a complete analysis was done for the theoretical operation of proposed algorithms by exited white Gaussian sequence for input signal. The discussion of mean square deviation (MSD) with regard to parameters of algorithms and system sparsity was observed. In addition, in this paper, the correlation between proposed algorithms and the last recent algorithms were presented and the necessary conditions of these proposed algorithms were planned to improve convergence rate. Finally, the results of simulations are compared with theoretical study (?), which is presented to match closely by a wide-range of parameters..

Keywords: Adaptive filter,  -LMS, zero-attracting, p-LMS, mean square deviation, Sparse system identification.
Study the Characterization of Adding Polymer-Surfactant Agent on the Drag Reduction Phenomena in Pipeline Flow System
Authors: Dawood Sahar A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract    

In this study, the effect of carboxylic methyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium dodcyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as an aqueous solution on the drag reduction was investigated. Different concentrations of (CMC) and (SDBS) such as (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 ppm) were used to analyze the aqueous solution properties, including surface tension, conductivity, and shear viscosity. The optimum four concentrations (i.e., 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) of fluid properties were utilized to find their effect on the drag reduction. Two different PVC pipe diameters (i.e., 1" and 3/4") were used in this work. The  results showed that blending CMC with SDBS gives a good drag reduction percent about (58%) more than using them individually, friction factor decreasing with increasing Reynolds number and gives good agreement with von Karamn equation and maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote. Reynolds number, pipe diameter, and polymer-surfactant concentrations were considered as influencing factors. In addition, critical micelle concentration, the onset of drag reduction, and the interactions between the mixed additives were discussed. 

Keyword: CMC, SDBS, drag reduction, friction factor, blending of additives.
Crack Growth Behavior through Wall Pipes under Impact Load and Hygrothremal Environment
Authors: Khaled Ali Jamal , Hussain Ahmed Abdul
Published: April 2019

This research concerns study the crack growth in the wall of pipes made of low carbon steel under the impact load and using the effect of hygrothermal (rate of moisture 50% and 50℃ temperature). The environmental conditions were controlled using high accuracy digital control with sensors. The pipe have a crack already. The test was performed and on two type of specimens, one have length of 100cm and other have length 50cm. The results were, when the humidity was applied to the pipe, the crack would enhance to growth (i.e. the number of cycles needed to growth the crack will reduce). In addition, when the temperature was increase the number of cycles needed to growth the crack are reduced because the effect of heat on the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, when the test performed on the specimens of length 50cm the number of cycles needed to growth the crack is increase because the effect of bending stress on the pipes.
Vibration Analysis of Cross-Ply Plates Under Initial Stress Using Refined Theory
Authors: Sadiq Ibtehal Abbas , Bawa Kani Hussein
Published: April 2019

Natural frequency under initial stresses for simply supported cross-ply composite laminated plates (E glass- fiber) are obtained using Refind theory (RPT). This theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strain through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The governing equations for Eigen value problem under initial stress are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution for simply supported cross-ply symmetric and antisymmetric laminated plates. The effect of many design factors such as modulus ratio, thickness ratio and number of laminates on the Natural frequency and buckling stresses of orthotropic plates are studied. The results are compared with other researcher.
The Influence of Alkaline Treatment of Recycled Natural Materials on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Kamal Hamza M. , Kadhim Mohammed J. , Mohammed Raeid K.
Published: April 2019

Natural fibers and particles reinforced composites are being broadly used due to their bio and specific properties such as low density and easy to machine and production with low cost. In this work, water absorption and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of recycled jute fibers reinforced epoxy resin were enhanced by treating these fibers with alkaline solution. The recycled jute fibers were treated with different concentration of (NaOH) solution at (25 0C) for a period of (24) hours. From the obtained results, it was found that all these properties are improved when fibers treated with (7.5wt% NaOH) related to untreated fibers. Conversely, the mentioned properties of composites decreased after fibers treated with (10wt% NaOH). In addition, the hybrid composite with recycled jute fibers and recycled walnut shell powder showed obvious enhancement in the above-mentioned properties.