bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of English Punctuation in Improving Students’ Writing Skills at The Sixth Semester of Letters of UMI Makassar
Authors: Hasyim Sunardi , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Hafid Sumarni
Published: January 2021

The research entitled The use of English Punctuation in improving Students writing skills at the sixth semester of Faculty of Letters of UMI Makassar. This study aims to describe student`s error of using punctuation in English text. The study is conducted to students at the semester six of English Department. The researcher analyzed the error in the use of punctuation itself, because good punctuation is essential in clear and effective writing especially in academic writing. It was correlated to Jeremy’s theory (2004,p.49) stated that using punctuation correctly is one of the important skill in writing.. There are two problems of this study; how the students’ errors of using punctuation in English text are and what cause of error in using punctuation. The researcher used qualitative method in this study. Punctuation marks that are presented in this research are comma, full stop, hyphen, apostrophe, question mark, quotation mark, and exclamation mark. As a result, the researcher found that comma is most common error made by the English Department student during the sixth semester.  In the data analysis, the writer described that the sixth Semester Students’ of the English Department have low achievement in using English Punctuation. The low achievement they have is primarily caused by their errors that are still made by students’ in using English Punctuation, they are also influenced by the following factors : 1. The students’ basic knowledge in using English punctuation is not sufficient, 2. The interest of the students’ in learning and doing the exercises of the use of English punctuation is low, and 3. The English punctuation is very complex and difficult to the students’.
A Semiotic Analysis Of Lariangi Dance in Wakatobi Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Halija Sitti , Bastian Dewi
Published: January 2021

The reseach objectives are to know what symbols are performed in Lariangi dance and what meaning are conveyed in the symbols performed in Lariangi dance. This study used descriptive qualitative method to take information. The writer obsereved the experiences’s house in Liya village and took some informations from them and interviewed and documentated by using recorded and camera. This research also took the datum from some books, articles, internet which associat with the symbols in Lariangi dance in Wakatobi Southeast Sulawesi. The research resulted the part of symbols in Lariangi dance start from dress, accessories, movement of the dance and the songs of Lariangi dance. The result of this study were the symbols performed and the meaning are conveyed in Laariangi dance. The symbols performed in Lariangi dance and their meanings are found in four part. First the symbols found in dress there are six namely Kombo Monihi, Kombo Meha, Punto/Wuray Nibelo Biru, Laka/Wuray Meha, Kambero, and Lenso/Saputangan symbolyzes sweat rag of King Buton. The second, there are eight symbols and their meaning found in accessories, namely Panto and Pintoru, Hepupu/Konde, Kamba Konde, Toboy Kamba, Hebindu/Sangi-Sangi, Kalo, Naga,  Sekori Keponto Posusu symbolyzes degrees nobility. The third, there are four symbols found in movement of Lariangi dance namely, Hematu kepooli le..le, Pajogi/Nyibing/Ngifi,  Nabu/Tau,  and Lariangi symbolyzes Lighting. The last is symbols found in song of Lariangi dance there are nine songs namely Mangu-Mangu, Ole-Ole,  Doumaraia, Denda Aule, Sailila, Waindi-Indi, Rongande, Jojongana, and Salatu symbolyzes as thankful to Allah SWT.
Authentic Assessment: Portfolio-Based Assessment in Literacy Learning in Indonesian Schools
Authors: Haliq Abdul , Sakaria Sakaria
Published: January 2021

Comprehensive evaluation and emphasis on the student activity process as well as providing broad wiggle room for students is needed in learning    assessment. Literacy assessment with such a model is necessary to improve students' literacy skills.  One assessment model that puts pressure on student activity and provides ample space for everyone to respond to an assignment in its own way is the assessment of portfolio. This paper aims to explore portfolio assessments as part of an authentic assessment for use in literacy assessments.  This research uses literart research study method to provide an overview of the use of portfolios in literacy assessments in Indonesian schools. Portfolio assessment on students’ literacy skills is carried out through Indonesian language learning, especially on the efficacy of writing. The portfolio assessment adopted uses models offered by Hamp-Lyons and Condon (2000) consisting of collection, selection, and reflection. Assessments are carried out by combining formative and summative assessments. To balance the summative aspects of portfolio assessment, several formative strategies can be adopted (Lee & Lam, 2009), including (1) ongoing teacher feedback, (2) conferences, and (3) peer reviews.
The influence of weather factors on the efficiency of malt barley production
Authors: Kuzina V.
Published: January 2021

Cultivation of malt barley is the direction of production activity is intensively developing as a result of formation of raw material base for malt production in brewing industry by joint efforts of malt corporations-investors and agricultural enterprises. Modernized to European standards malt production in Ukraine required barley compliant with these quality standards and the mechanism of relations, based on the introduction of innovative technologies, completely subordinated to the cultivation of grain products competitive in quality and volume. Brewing barley quality, as the main component of its added value, is formed by metabolic processes occurring in the plant as an integrated result of biological, technological and climatic factors influence. However, the efficiency of production in some years does not meet the producer expectations and the funds invested in production due to the negative impact on the quality of grain products of the third of them. Therefore, the systematic investigation is carried out in accordance with the following chain: weather – technology – crop structure – quality – economic efficiency of production. The author analyzes in detail the decadal indicators of weather conditions, linking their impact on barley vegetation and formation of productivity and brewing quality. According to the results of volumetric system analysis, the meteorological factors of negative influence on the formation of brewing quality of barley grain and their optimal values for the realization of genetically determined potential are defined. By means of detailed synthesis of technological information concerning barley cultivation, obtained directly from producers and data from specialized laboratories for the brewing quality determination, calculations of economic efficiency of barley production for different areas of use due to the negative impact of hydrometeorological conditions during the current year are carried out. Finally, we conclude that the direction of production activities aimed at malt barley cultivation, despite weather conditions, remains economically attractive to farmers with risk diversification due to quality management system by improving technology and optimizing costs.
Organisational-economic mechanism of energy-saving at the enterprises
Authors: Pulka Ch. , Dzyadykevych Yu.
Published: January 2021

The essence of the organizational-economic mechanism formation at the enterprises and its treatment are investigated. It is determined, that at present the unified scientific approach to the treatment of the notion «economic mechanism» and «organizational-economic mechanism» is not available. Being based on the analyses of the literature devoted to the problem of investigation the essence of the organizational economic mechanism of energy-saving, the statement of the notion of the organizational-economic mechanism of energy-saving has been proposed. It includes the system of interconnected economic and organizational components affecting the power recourses consuming and their application in industry, the latest achievements being taken into account. The proposed organizational-economic mechanism will facilitate the reduction of energy dependence, the growth of the production output competitiveness and the effectiveness of the innovation technologies application at the enterprises. The energy-saving was considered to be the kind of the power-resources saving activity at the enterprises which results in the fuel-energy resources consuming decrease or replacing of one type of power resource by the other. The main tasks of the mechanism are presented. It is shown, that the organizational-economic mechanism of energy-saving at the enterprises combines organizational and economic measures affecting both economic and organizational factors of energy-saving for productions of the product unit. It results in raising activity efficiency. In order to obtain the project level of energy efficiency the economic stipulation and financial inducement are expected by the mechanism. It is found that essence of the organizational economic mechanism of energy-saving at the enterprises provides the effective application of economic, engineering and organizational measures of the energy- saving, which will ultimately affect the significant economic effect at the enterprise. The essence of the organizational and economic mechanism of energy saving ensures effective use of economic, technical and organizational measures for energy saving.
Strategic accounting paradigm
Authors: Vakun O. , Zarudna N. , Fursa T.
Published: January 2021

The necessity of carrying out scientific researches of theoretical and practical direction in the field of strategic accounting is substantiated. The historical development of the paradigmatic concept application in accounting by domestic and foreign scientists is analyzed. Groups of factors influencing the emergence of new accounting paradigms (economic, technological, technical, systemic, social, environmental) are identified. It is proved that accounting is a multiparadigmatic science, which assumes the possibility of the simultaneous existence of a significant number of accounting paradigms. The model of paradigmatic development of accounting systems is developed. The proposed in this paper model provides gradual transition from the paradigm of operational and tactical accounting to the paradigm of strategic accounting due to changes in approaches to enterprise management under modern conditions. The historical aspects of the strategic accounting paradigm are investigated. Based on profound analysis of the historical development of the process of forming the strategic accounting paradigm, the need to apply the work of scientists in the field of philosophy of such science in order to analyze the dynamics of scientific knowledge in the field of accounting is substantiated. The existing problems of forming the strategic accounting paradigm are analyzed. The need of using the concept of accounting engineering in the process of forming the strategic accounting paradigm is substantiated. The main elements of the strategic accounting paradigm based on the application of the paradigmatic concept of T.S. Kuna (symbolic generalizations, metaphysical assumptions, values, exemplary research results) are highlighted. The perspective direction of scientific researches in the field of strategic accounting is determined. Particularly, the future development of the system of specialized engineering strategic reports, which will take into account the changing demands of strategic management, in order to improve the effective implementation of thee selected strategies and strategic policies of the enterprise, as well as to support the selection process of available strategic alternatives is of great importance.
Taxonomy of financial reporting in compliance with international standards: practical aspects
Authors: Khoma S. , Chuchuk Yu. , Savchuk T. , Stepanyuk O.
Published: January 2021

Financial reporting is an important part of economic life. The order of preparation and submission of financial reporting is formed under the influence of various factors, including the following ones: the state of the economy, the level of information technology development, the needs of stakeholders, and others. Strengthening of the trends in digital transformation of economy resulted in the emergence of new trends in financial reporting or certain modification of existing ones. The place and role of electronic format for submitting the financial recording according to XBRL Taxonomy in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards are investigated in this paper. Creation of digital, unambiguous, accurate, and multiple versions of financial reporting is one of the main features of XBRL standard. Theoretical and methodological statements of XBRL format application for reporting based on IFRS Taxonomy are determined, its defining features and advantages are investigated. The prospects of XBRL technology use are proved, since business reports in this format facilitate the search of data for financial reporting on the Internet and the possibility of their automatic analysis. IFRS Taxonomy improves communication between compliers and users of financial reporting that comply with IFRS Standards. The distinctive feature of financial reporting based on XBRL electronic format is its flexibility, and therefore XBRL reporting is becoming more popular. The transition of domestic companies that are required to report under IFRS to statutory report in the XBRL Taxonomy format requires the assessment of their technical and resource capacities. Problematic issues on the way of introduction the taxonomy of financial reporting UA XBRL IFRS are outlined. Particularly, the need to develop software products adapted to the Ukrainian taxonomy is highlighted. Therefore, in Ukraine there is the growing need to train specialists with sufficient level of knowledge in both XBRL and IFRS. Further maintaining the trend of priority of the electronic reporting format will contribute.
Theoretical fundamentals of the concept of enterprise sustainable development management
Authors: Lazorenko T. , Sholom I.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the study and investigation of various theoretical approaches to the interpretation of “management” and “sustainable development” concepts, as well as the features of the sustainable development formation concept. It deals with the diversity of views concerning the sustainable development concept in terms of commercial enterprise. The importance of concept implementation is explained by the possibility of balancing the sustainability of all activity components, which provides the growth of socio-economic indicators while preserving the environment and natural resources. The purpose of the investigation is the theoretical substantiation of rationale of the meaning of enterprise sustainable development management concept and the principles of its provision. In the investigation process the following complex methodological approach are applied: theoretical generalization, synergetic, abstract-logical and graphical methods for more synthesized image of the investigated object. The main approaches for determining the enterprise sustainable development are studied and clarified. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of the integrated approach for ensuring the concept of sustainable development management as that one which takes into account the features of all components development and provides an overall assessment of the enterprise sustainability subsystems. The characteristics of the group of stability indicators are defined in this paper. Their definition makes it possible to carry out the detail analysis of activity aspects. Directions for the improvement of the organization conditions due to the implementation of sustainable development management concept are formulated. The importance of the chosen problem is caused by permanent search for effective management mechanisms focusing the management activity on current problems and factors of changing environment negatively affecting the enterprise sustainability. This means that the shifts in enterprise sustainable management provide the opportunity to implement an integrated management policy by required changes resulting in the optimization of business processes, the increase of the level of transparency in operation and the compliance with the principles of sustainable development while preserving the environment.
建筑工程大体积混凝土施工技术要点的探究
Authors: 徐 亲
Published: January 2021

随着现代建筑的发展，大体积混凝土的应用越来越普遍，但也给工程质量控制带来了很大的困难，大体积混凝土施工程序不仅更加复杂，而且更容易出现裂缝等问题，对大体积混凝土施工工艺的要求也更加严格，介绍了大体积混凝土的施工特点，详细分析了大体积混凝土施工技术要点，以期对大体积混凝土施工有所帮助。
Minęło lato...
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

Powoli jesień się zbliża, ptactwo zbiera się do odlotu do ciepłych krajów, a ja myślami wracam do pierwszych wiosennych dni, kiedy to letnie plany zaczynały dopiero nabierać rumieńców. Kalendarz stopniowo zapełniał się imprezami, zarówno tymi, które sami planowaliśmy, jak i tymi, na które nas zaproszono. Przyznam, że wszystkie propozycje wydawały się kuszące: Troki – nasza letnia stolica i Bachczysaraj – stolica Chanów i samo centrum półwyspu Krymskiego, magiczne Kale przyciągało z magnetyczną siłą, gdzieś w oddali majaczyła Turcja, a w Wilnie już planowali obchody 610. rocznicy sprowadzenia Tatarów i Karaimów do Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego.
Новогодний праздник в Мидраш
Authors: Шпаковска Олександра
Published: January 2021

28 декабря 2008 года во вновь отстроенном здании мидраша состоялся новогодний концерт. По уже сложившейся традиции его подготовили и провели участники караимского ансамбля "Сандугач".
Крымская тематика в «Карай Авазы»
Authors: Сулимович Анна , Фиркович Виолета
Published: January 2021

Среди караимских журналов «Карай Авазы» (Караимский Голос») занимает особое место. Является единственным журналом, публикуемым исключительно на караимском языке.
O Grygulewiczu inaczej
Authors: Bezekowicz Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

W końcu lutego 2009 roku od pana Michała Zajączkowskiego – częstego gościa na łamach „Awazymyz” – otrzymałam kopię artykułu z polskiego pisma „Wprost” z dnia 25.01.2009 r. pod tytułem „Cyngiel Stalina”. Nie wszystko w nim jest zgodne z rzeczywistością, zaczynając chociażby od miejsca urodzenia człowieka, o którym mowa w artykule.
Ze starego albumu – odpowiedzi
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola , Sulimowicz Anna
Published: January 2021

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Hazzan, poeta, tłumacz
Authors: Sulimowicz Anna
Published: January 2021

Potomek rodu wójtów, pełnił posługę w Wilnie i Łucku. Jego pasją była literatura.
Niestrudzony w podtrzymywaniu karaimskich tradycji
Authors: Pilecki Adam Owidiusz
Published: January 2021

W tym roku przypada setna rocznica urodzin mojego Ojca, Eliasza Pileckiego – z tej okazji chciałbym przypomnieć jego sylwetkę.
Od Berdiańska do Cambridge
Authors: Pilecki Konstanty
Published: January 2021

Mieszkam w pałacu Możliwości –Piękniejszy to dom od Prozy –O wiele więcej Okien –Drzwi można szerzej otworzyć…E. E. Dickinson (tłum. St. Barańczak)
Początek drogi. Z autobiografii nauczyciela i działacza społecznego
Authors: Eliaszewicz Borys
Published: January 2021

Wychowawca kilku pokoleń Karaimów i bojownik o zachowanie karaimskiej tożsamości swe długie i aktywne życie związał z Eupatorią i Moskwą. Oto pierwsza część biogramu spisanego przez niego samego.
Spotkania z Salomonem Krymem
Authors: Tomaszewicz Wincenty
Published: January 2021

Karaimskiego działacza wspomina polski lekarz, Wincenty Tomaszewicz, który przed I wojną światową pracował w Teodozji.
Niezapomniane spotkania
Authors: Pawelec Mariusz
Published: January 2021

Barwna postać Seraji Szapszała utrwalona została we wspomnieniach osób, które miały okazję się z nim zetknąć
Zagadka Szapszała
Authors: Fiedorow Georgij , Pilecki Konstanty
Published: January 2021

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Mądrość i dobro świata
Authors: Niekricz Aleksander , Pilecki Konstanty
Published: January 2021

Rosyjski historyk wspomina założyciela Muzeum Karaimskiego i szykany, jakie dotknęły go po wojnie
Polskie publikacje dotyczące biografii Seraji Szapszała
Authors: Pawelec Mariusz
Published: January 2021

Życie i działalność tej wybitnej postaci wciąż czekają na pełne opracowanie.
Karaimski najazd na Szczecin
Authors: Pilecka Zofia
Published: January 2021

Karaimski wypad do Szczecina, znany też jako "największa w dziejach migracja ludności karaimskiej na zachód", odbył się w dniach 13-15 kwietnia 2012 r.
Jak powstał projekt „Orach Toju 2013”
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola , Sulimowicz Anna
Published: January 2021

Dzięki zaangażowaniu Karaimek z Litwy i Polski udało się przy wsparciu polskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych zrekonstruować święto plonów, którego nie obchodzono od siedemdziesięciu pięciu lat.
Mój ojciec pochodził z Eupatorii
Authors: Kaleta Petr , Pazder Maria
Published: January 2021

W porewolucyjnej zawierusze Michaił Ajvaz senior trafił do Czechosłowacji, gdzie studiował chemię, założył rodzinę i związał swe życie z miastem nad Wełtawą.
Słowa naszych przodków
Authors: Mardkowicz Aleksander , Sulimowicz Anna
Published: January 2021

Bogactwo karaimskiego folkloru zebrane i w ten sposób ocalone od zapomnienia przez Aleksandra Mardkowicza.
Wokół zagadnień historiografii
Authors: Pawelec Mariusz
Published: January 2021

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Laska paschalna
Authors: Tulisow Jerzy , Majchrowska Kasia
Published: January 2021

Posłuchajcie opowieści o tym, jak to niedyś bywało...
Losy Karaimów halickich w Polsce po 1945 r.
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

Przepisy repatriacyjne umożliwiały swobodny wyjazd Karaimów z Ukraińskiej SRR do Polski. Stosunkowo niewielu jednak haliczan się na to zdecydowało. Ci, który wyjechali, osiedlali się głównie na Wybrzeżu i w Warszawie.
Kalisz
Authors: Abkowicz Ksenia , Błaszczyk Arkadiusz
Published: January 2021

W sierpniu 1914 r. wojska niemieckie, które wkroczyły do Kalisza znajdujacego się wówczas w zaborze rosyjskim, rozpoczęły systematyczne niszczenie miasta w odwecie za rzekome ostrzelanie przez mieszkańców nocnego patrolu. Ostrzał, podpalenia, rabunki i egzekucje trwały przez 3 tygodnie. W ich wyniku zniszczonodoszczętnie 450 domów, 250 osób straciło życie. Wydarzenia w Kaliszu odbiły się szerokim echem w prasie światowej.
Zafascynowana krymskim pejzażem
Authors: Sulimowicz Anna
Published: January 2021

Barwne obrazy minionego świata utrwaliła dla nas Nina Żaba, malarka, dla której domem stał się Bachczysaraj.
Potępione
Authors: Tulisow Jerzy , Majchrowska Kasia
Published: January 2021

Za odstępstwo od wiary córki słynnego Ezry Medyka, przeklęte przez własny naród, poniosły surową karę...
Uroczystość ku czci zasłużonej Karaimki
Authors: Szpakowski Romuald
Published: January 2021

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Karaimskie dorastanie w Rafałówce
Authors: Rudkowski Nazim
Published: January 2021

Dzieciństwo na Wołyniu i czas wojny wspomina Nazim Rudkowski
O języku karaimskim i jego dziejach
Authors: Németh Michał
Published: January 2021

W poprzednim numerze przedstawiliśmy miejsce, jakie język naszych przodków zajmuje wśród języków świata i jego podział na dialekty. W drugiej części rozważań mowa jest o etapach jego rozwoju oraz o alfabetach, jakimi zapisywano go niegdyś i obecnie.
Kilka słów o życiu hazzanowej Natalii z Firkowiczów Abkowiczowej (1901–1986)
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

Dziadek troszczył się o życie religijne karaimskiej społeczności. Mógł się zajmować sprawami duchowymi, bo o te przyziemne dbała Babcia.
Uczony w anegdocie
Authors: Abrahamowicz-Pilecka Hanna
Published: January 2021

Urodzony w Załukwi pod Haliczem krakowski turkolog i archiwista we wspomnieniach córki
O kijowskich kupcach i pewnej kamienicy w Moskwie
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

W końcu ubiegłego roku ukazały się dwie książki, które choć nie są poświęcone bezpośrednio Karaimom, mogą dostarczyć wielu interesujących informacji o ich losach w Kijowie i Moskwie.
Kisenc
Authors: Abrahamowicz Zachariasz Izaak , Katyk Aron
Published: January 2021

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Gdy Karaimi z lękiem spoglądali w niebo
Authors: Sulimowicz-Keruth Anna
Published: January 2021

W pochodzącym z Trok starym rękopisie zachowała się relacja o niezwykłym zjawisku astronomicznym, które zimą roku 1680 wzbudziło na świecie niepokój, ale też ciekawość.
Wpatrujący się w chmury
Authors: Kossowska-Cezak Urszula
Published: January 2021

Jubileusz 70-lecia „Przeglądu Geofizycznego” zbiega się z 40. rocznicą śmierci jego zasłużonego, wieloletniego (1954–1972) redaktora naczelnego Ananiasza Rojeckiego. Już na wstępie należy jednak zaznaczyć, że A. Rojecki położył wielkie zasługi nie tylko dla nadania i utrzymania wysokiego poziomu czasopisma, ale był jednocześnie członkiem-założycielem i zasłużonym działaczem Polskiego Towarzystwa Geofizycznego, autorem licznych publikacji, zamiłowanym badaczem historii meteorologii i oddanym klimatologii erudytą. Był człowiekiem o szerokiej wiedzy i krytycznym podejściu do wielu powszechnie akceptowanych prac naukowych, a także nauczycielem kilku pokoleń.
Генеалогия семьи Шапшалов
Authors: Шайтанов Сергей , Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

Ородословной последнего караимского гахама Серайи Шапшала (1873-1961)...
Między Wschodem i Zachodem
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola
Published: January 2021

Paryż przyciąga jak magnes – kultura, edukacja, praca... Niektórzy bywali tam wielokrotnie, inni już stamtąd nie wracali.
Karaimi w Warszawie przed I wojną światową
Authors: Dubiński Adam J.
Published: January 2021

Na temat obecności Karaimów w Warszawie w czasach przed I wojną światową do niedawna mieliśmy wiedzę bardzo ogólną i skąpą. Wiadomo było, że nad Wisłą mieszkali wywodzący się z Krymu kupcy tytoniowi, których staraniem w ostatniej dekadzie dziewiętnastego stulecia założono warszawski Cmentarz Karaimski.
АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ОБЛІКУ ЦІЛЬОВОГО ФІНАНСУВАННЯ У КОМУНАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Борович О. В.
Published: January 2021

У статті розкрито відсутність у нормативних документах з бухгалтерського обліку рекомендацій щодо порядку відображення в обліку операцій про рух цінностей, отриманих як цільове фінансування. За результатами проведеного дослідження запропоновано методику аналітичного обліку на рахунку 48 «Цільове фінансування і цільові надходження», яка дозволяє зручно і прозоро отримувати повну інформацію про одержані кошти й цінності як цільове фінансування, а також їх витрачання за призначенням.
Enterprise as an Object of Information Display
Authors: Presnyakov V.F. , Petukhova O.V.
Published: January 2021

The approach to the broad concept of statistics of the enterprise is offered, having added its information components allowing using them for forecasting of results of its activity, using the device of modeling of its behavior. The definition of the boundaries of the subject area is based on the view of the functions, which most determine the behavior of the enterprise. The first of them proceeds from the fact that the enterprise, being a productive element of the national economy, is a form of large-scale commodity production, that is, the production of goods and services not for domestic consumption, but for sale in the markets; the second – from the fact that the enterprise is an independent economic unit, owns its assets and can enter into various kinds of liability relations, i.e., has behavior in a very real and empirically certifiable sense; and the third – that the enterprise is a system of collective action, ensuring the institutionalization of entrepreneurial functions of the enterprise in the economy. Analysis of «object state», «enterprise assets», «solutions of enterprise» and «the interests of participants of enterprise activity» are the central concepts in the analysis of the enterprise behavior is proposed to conduct in the context identified of the systemic aspects of its operation. On the basis of the proposed approach to the construction of the broad concept of enterprise statistics, a conceptual and terminological analysis is carried out and a fragment of the system of indicators reflecting the state of the enterprise as a technological element, as an independent economic unit and as a system of collective action is constructed.
Studying Influence of Time Preferences on Dynamics of Strategies of Oligopolists
Authors: Varshavsky L.E.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to analysis of time preferences of oligopolists on the basis of dynamic games. Influence of discount-factor and of receding time planning horizon on dynamics of their key economic indicators is studied. Simple variant of predictive control principle along with Riccati equations is applied to the analysis of oligopolist’s strategies.
Security as a Challenge to a New Stage in the Socio-Economic Development of Russis
Authors: Khristolyubova N.E.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of current research on the problems of changing conditions in modern labor markets due to the spread of digitalization processes in all spheres of the life of the state, society and people. The next cyclical stage in the development of the socio-economic space presents new special requirements for the competence of labor resources, as well as the growth of the level of security for all business entities.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of the Membranes in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khatun Mst Rokeya , Akter Nasrin , Ali Md Nowshad
Published: January 2021

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and feto-maternal outcome of preterm prelabor rupture of the membrane of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.

Methods and Material: This is a cross-sectional observational type study carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the year 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Sixty pregnant women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membrane (gestational age 28 to 37 weeks) were included in this study.

Results: The mean age of the women was 27.03±6.13 years. Forty (66.7%) of them were from rural area. Majority were studied up to primary school (33.30%). Sixty five percent were house wife. Thirty seven (61.7%) women were multi gravid. Mean gestational age of the patient was 34.43±2.75 weeks. Antenatal care of the women was low. Most of the women have associated one or more diseases like anemia (35%), Urinary tract infection (28.33%), Pregnancy induced hypertension (20%), Lower genital infection (13.33 %,), gestational diabetes mellitus (10%) and heart disease (3.33%). The mean time interval between membrane rupture and delivery was 29±9 hours. Thirty one patients (51.7%) were delivered by caesarian section. Twenty eight (46.7%) women did not experience any complication and other suffered from wound infection (20%), PPH (10%), puerperal sepsis (8.33%) and chorioamnionitis (11.7%). Mean birth weight of the newborns was 2.16±0.42 Kg. Thirty eight (63.33%) newborn suffered from complications like neonatal asphyxia (30%), respiratory distress syndrome (13.3%), neonatal jaundice (11.7%) and neonatal sepsis (3.3%). Neonatal death was noticed in three (5%) cases. Fetal outcome was found significantly (p< 0.001) associated with low gestational age.

Conclusion: Women with low education, associated co-morbidity, long latency and neonate with low birth weight have unfavorable outcome. Antenatal care is an important tool to prevent preterm prelabor rupture of the membrane by identifying the risk factors and its management. Optimum obstetric and medical care is essential for the reduction of these devastating complications.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 1-9
Pediatric Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Comparison between Techniques
Authors: Shahid Shah Md Ahsan , Ali Md Nowshad , Lina Khondokar Seheli Nasrin , Paul Shantona Rani , Islam Sayed Sirajul , Lisa Tanzilal
Published: January 2021

Background: Traditionally in herniotomy, indirect hernial sac is dealt by high ligation and removal of the redundant part, to avoid recurrence. However, some authorities are of the opinion that excision of the hernial sac without ligation is not associated with recurrence of the hernia. Some have even shown adverse events related to hernial sac ligation like increased post-operative pain and discomfort. There is no consensus on how the hernial sac should be managed during laparoscopic herniotomy.

Objectives: Present study aimed to determine the feasibility of laparoscopic sac excision without ligation in pediatric age group, by a randomized comparison.

Materials and methods: This interventional study was performed in the department of Paediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, over a period of one year. A total of 189 patients were included in the study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized in the three groups. Comparisons were made among three procedures of laparoscopic herniotomy, namely; Percutaneous extraperitoneal closure, Intraperitoneal purse-string closure and laparoscopic sac excision without ligation. The main outcome measures were recurrence rate, operative time, hospital stay, postoperative hematoma and hydrocele formation.  Results: Recurrence rate, operative time and hospital stay were not amplified in laparoscopic sac excision procedure than others. Postoperative hydrocele formation was significantly less.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic sac excision in indirect pediatric inguinal hernia is safe. The procedure is not associate

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 20-26
Knowledge and Practice of Oral Rehydration Solution in Diarrhoea of the Mothers Attending ORT Corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khatun Most Zosnara , Haque Md Jawadul , Awal Md Abdul , Rahman Md Ataur , Mahmuda Shahin
Published: January 2021

This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out among the mothers, who attended ORT corner of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital for the treatment of diarrhoea of their children to assess their knowledge and practice of oral rehydration solution in diarrhoea. The sample size was 385, which was selected purposively. Data were collected from the respondents by face to face interview according to a partially structured questionnaire. Data were analysed by using SPSS software programme and interpretations were done using appropriate statistical tests like Chi Square Test. Ethical issues were considered throughout the study. Majority (62.5%) of the mothers were in the age group of 21 – 30 years and most (71%) of them were housewives. Most (95.12%) of the mothers knew the preparation of ORS correctly but only 42.82% of them used ORS properly during diarrhoea of their children. The relationship of correct knowledge on ORS preparation was direct with literacy level and monthly family income of the mothers, which were significant (p<0.05). Knowledge on ORS preparation was found significantly more among house wives in comparison to other professions (p<0.05) but there was no significant relationship between knowledge on ORS preparation and age group of the mothers (p>0.05). Correctly use of ORS during diarrhoea of the children was found significantly associated with family income (p<0.05) but was not found associated with age and literacy level of the mothers (p>0.05 each). This study provided some important information regarding knowledge and practice on ORS use of the mothers in Rajshahi region.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 32-38
Cutaneous Drug Reactions in Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Khan Md Azraf Hossain , Chandra Pampa , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Rahman Fazlur , Jamil Ahmed Masiha
Published: January 2021

Background: Cutaneous drug reaction (CDR) is a growing health hazard in the world. Adverse drug reactions are common complications in drug therapy. About 3-8% of all hospital admissions are the results of adverse drug reactions, among them 2-3% are children and these can cause significant disability to patients. Early identification and management of adverse cutaneous drug reaction has both short term and long term prognostic significance.  Objective: To know the cutaneous reaction to drugs in children in a tertiary care hospital.  Study design: Hospital based descriptive, observational study.

Subjects: 50 children with cutaneous drug reactions were studied in the department of Dermatology and Pediatric respectively in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi.

Methods: Data were collected by detailed history taking, physical examination and laboratory investigations in a prefixed data collection sheet and with the help of GOLD guideline after taken informed consent of the patient.

Results: This study showed a significant male predominance. Male: female ratio was 1.08:1 .In this study prevalence was highest among 1-5 years age group. Cotrimoxazole, NSAIDs, anticonvulsant and quinolone were most offending medications. Maculopapular eruption, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, fixed drug eruption and urticaria were most common morphological types. Majority of CDRs were noted with oral route of administration. It was observed that almost all the CDRs that were reported involved mainly the skin. Majority of adverse cutaneous drug reactions reported were moderate in severity.

Conclusion: Frequency distribution of the offending drugs and the adverse reactions revealed that adverse cutaneous drug reactions occurred mostly by cotrimoxazole, NSAIDs and quinolones. Maculopapular rash and Stevens Johnson Syndrome were the most common morphological types. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying CRDs is important in drug development and in patient care.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 56-62
Role of Persistent Hyperlipidaemia in Relapse of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Pramanik Bidhan K , Md Shameem - , Uddin Md Belal , Tarafder MH , Paul Parimal K , Khan Md Selim
Published: January 2021

Background & objective: Impact of Nephrotic syndrome due to relapse on children and their families is so diverse and extreme that causes serious physical and mental health problems for a long time. Repeated Hyperlipidemia and frequent long term steroid treatment in relapsed cases add more burdens on already fragile health of these children.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive, observational study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over a period of 24 months from July 2015 to June 2017. If a child’s age at presentation was between 2 to 8 years of age group of either sex having typical features of nephrotic syndrome(first attack), such as- generalized swelling which started from the face, having abnormal urinary finding ( proteinuria 3+ or more and UTP >1gm/m2/24hrs hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia but responded to steroid was included in the study. When the child was in remission, serum Lipid profile was done following 10 hours of fasting once again. Then the child was followed up fortnightly for a period of six months from the initial attack for generalized edema and bedside urinary albumin 3+ or more.

Results were tested with independent ‘t’ test and χ2 test to find out the association between high lipid profile during remission with the relapse . A two-tailed P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: All 50 children were divided into two groups on the basis of lipid profile during remission. Group-1 consists of 20 children who had normal lipid profile during remission and group-2 consists of 30 children who had abnormal lipid profile during remission. Both group-1 & 2 had higher mean levels of serum cholesterol, LDL, and TG levels during initial diagnosis. During remission, group-2 patients showed higher mean serum cholesterol (364.60±64.00 mg/dl vs. 189.25±9.02 mg/dl), serum LDL (241.53±58.42 mg/dl vs. 146.65±3.60 mg/dl), and serum TG (225.10±43.79 mg/dl vs. 138.90±8.15 mg/dl). All these differences in lipid profile between these group were statistically highly significant (p=<0.001).Only 2(10%) cases underwent relapse from group-1 out of 20 cases, whereas 16(53.33%) cases underwent relapse out of 30 cases from group-2 within six (6) months follow-up. The difference between group-1 & group-2 was statistically significant (p=0.002).Among the relapsers, mean cholesterol (394.18±43.03 mg/dl vs. 329.50±67.81 mg/dl; p= 0.004) was significantly higher than that of non-relapsers of group-2 patients.

Conclusion: Elevated lipid level, especially serum cholesterol during remission phase may be associated with subsequent relapse in idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 69-75
V-Y Plasty in the Treatment of Fingertip Injuries
Authors: Hossain Md Ismail , Salim Mohammad , Alam Md Insanul , Hasan Habibul , Khatun Shahnaj
Published: January 2021

Background: Hand is a highly specialized organ as it has grasping, pinching and hooking function. The hand is prone to domestic and industrial trauma with fingertips being the most frequently injured portion of the hand. Fingertip injuries are commonly seen by emergency physicians

Objectives: To see the functional outcome after V-Y flap in fingertip injuries.

Methods: Prospective, observational study carried out for 2 years at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR). Fifteen patients of fingertip injuries were selected for V-Y flap.

Results: V-Y plasty was performed in 15 patients who suffered from a transverse amputation of the finger tip. Out of 15 patients, functional outcome was satisfactory (good) in 13(86.7%) cases and unsatisfactory (fair plus poor) in 2 cases (13.3%). 3 patients had postoperative complications. The results showed that V-Y plasty is indicated in transverse amputations through the distal one-third to one-half of the nail bed.

Conclusion: Fingertip injury can achieve almost normal sensibility and satisfactory motion by V-Y flap and patients can expect to return to work on average approximately 3 weeks after operation.

TAJ 2020; 33(2): 107-112
Fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito entre universitários
Authors: Miranda Roberta Barros de , Souza Jarlan Santana de , Santos Fernanda Oliveira , Santos Artur Souza dos , Fonsêca Clarice Portela , Ferreira Luciano Nery , Rios Polianna Alves Andrade , Cardoso Jefferson Paixão
Published: January 2021

Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados aos Acidentes de Trânsito (AT) entre estudantes universitários e verificar associação entre comportamentos de risco e AT nessa população. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, exploratório, com estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública da Bahia, no ano de 2019. Participaram desta pesquisa 276 estudantes, maioria mulheres (74,6%). Dos universitários, 55 se envolveram em AT, a maior prevalência foi para o sexo feminino (63,6%), solteiros (17,8%), aqueles cujo pai não completou o 1º grau (47,2%), que não trabalhavam (49%), e condutores de motocicleta (49%), exibindo associação com o desfecho, apresentando valor de p = 0,036, p = <0,001, p = 0,014, p = 0,001, p = <0,001, respectivamente. Trabalhar além de estudar, ser usuário da categoria condutor de motocicleta, e dirigir motocicleta, apresentaram maior chance de ter se envolvido em AT, respectivamente em 1,54, 1,28, 1,95 vezes. Ao passo que estudantes que tinham pais/familiares que sempre respeitavam as regras de trânsito apresentaram 45% menor chance de ter se envolvido em AT.
Changes in microbial communities during seawater pre-treatment within a desalination plant
Authors: Balzano S , Jamieson T , Leterme S
Published: January 2021

We analysed prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities across the seawater pre-treatment system of Penneshaw (Kangaroo Island, South Australia) desalination plant, using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The richness of operational taxonomic units increased downstream of the pre-treatment system (reverse osmosis feedwater) compared to raw seawater for Archaea, while it decreased for bacteria and protists. Overall, the reverse osmosis feedwater was found to be enriched in ammonia-oxidising bacteria and Archaea compared to raw seawater, and also contained greater proportions of taxa typically observed in aquatic biofilms and/or within other water treatment systems. Although the microbial load was reduced by the pre-treatment system, the increase in proportion of biofilm-associated microbes suggests the presence of active microbial communities within multimedia filters and other parts of the pre-treatment system that might increase biofouling risks.
Hare today, gone tomorrow: the role of interspecific competition in shaping riverine rabbit occurrence
Authors: Woodgate Z , Distiller G , O’Riain MJ
Published: January 2021

Effective conservation, particularly of threatened species, requires an understanding of both abiotic and biotic drivers of distribution. In the case of one of Africa’s most endangered mammals, the riverine rabbit Bunolagus monticularis, only environmental covariates of presence have been used to provide coarse predictions of their distribution. Two potential competitors, namely scrub hare Lepus saxatilis and cape hare L. capensis, have significant (>90%) range overlap with the riverine rabbit, yet little is known about how these species interact. We used multi-species occupancy models, which model co-occurrence as a function of environmental variables, to assess the spatial response of riverine rabbits to both species of hare in Sanbona Wildlife Reserve, South Africa. We also examined temporal overlap between riverine rabbits and hares. Camera trapping data were collected from 150 camera traps distributed in clusters of 5 cameras at 30 independent sites, covering 223.24 km2. Contrary to prior studies, we found that riverine rabbits were not restricted to riparian habitat, and that their occurrence was conditional on hare absence and was negatively affected by terrain ruggedness. Whilst hare occurrence was independent of terrain ruggedness, it was negatively affected by rabbit presence. Activity patterns revealed high temporal overlap between hares and rabbits (Δ = 0.828, CI = 0.745-0.940); however, neither species co-occurred at any given site. Our results suggest that conservation management has greatly underestimated the importance of competition with other lagomorphs in understanding riverine rabbit occurrence.
Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Diabetic Rats
under Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure
Authors: Matsunami T , Sato Y , Sato T , Yukawa M
Published: January 2021

Hyperglycemia is known to cause oxidative stress that leads
mainly to enhanced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (ROS). It has been demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen
(HBO) treatment also increases the formation of ROS. There are,
however, no comprehensive evaluations of such oxidative effects
in diabetes which requires HBO treatment. The purpose of this
study is to investigate the influence of a clinically-recommended
HBO treatment on glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in
rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Under the
clinically-used HBO exposure protocol, the levels of blood
glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a lipid
peroxidation marker, and the activity of superoxide dismutase
(SOD) as an antioxidant enzyme marker were investigated in the
erythrocytes, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and brain of rats
with STZ-induced diabetes. The levels of blood glucose and
TBARS increased significantly (p<0.05), and the activity of SOD
decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the erythrocytes and all
organs of rats with diabetes subjected to HBO exposure. These
results suggested that HBO exposure might boost glucose
autoxidation and increase ROS production in STZ-induced
diabetes as side-effects of administering HBO treatment for the
first time.