bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kur’ân Bağlamında Sosyal Çevrenin Birey ve Toplum İnancı Üzerindeki Olumsuz Etkisi
Authors: Karataş Zübeyir
Published: November 2024

İnsan, yapısı itibariyle sosyal bir varlık olduğundan ve sosyal çevrede yaşaması gerektiğinden, doğal olarak içinde yaşadığı çevrede meydana gelen olaylardan etkilenmektedir. Mezkûr çevrede yaşanan hadise ve olaylar, şüphesiz birey ve toplumun tercih ve yönelimlerini etkilediği gibi onların dini tercihlerini de etkilemektedir. Söz konusu çevrenin fert ve toplum üzerindeki etkisi, modern bilim tarafından da ele alınmıştır. Örneğin, sosyoloji ve psikoloji alanında uzmanlaşmış bilim insanları tarafından bu konunun ne denli etkiye sahip olduğu birtakım argümanlar eşliğinde izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu durum, ilgili çevrenin daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini açık bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Konunun önemine binaen bizler de günümüzün bu önemli problemine katkı sunmak amacıyla çalışmamızda sosyal çevrenin birey ve toplum inancı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm bağlamında ele almaya çalıştık. Kur’ân, ilgili çevrenin fert ve toplum inancı üzerinde negatif etkilerini, farklı âyetlerde ifade etmiştir. Özellikle arkadaş çevresi, atalar, liderler, yöneticiler, din bilginleri ve bunların pozisyonunda olanların, insan inancı üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinden bahsetmiştir. Günümüzde de önemli bir poblem olarak görülen bu tür grupların birey ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri Kur’ân’ın evrensel mesajı bağlamında ele alınarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde irdelendi. Söz konusu faktörlerin inanç üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden kurutulmanın yolları yine Kur’ân’ın evrensel mesajı perspektifinden hareketle belirtilmeye çalışıldı. Çalışma sonunda, kötü arkadaş çevresinin inanç üzerinde çok etkili olmasının yanı sıra birey ve toplumu gaflet ve delalete sürüklemesinden dolayı herkesle dost olunmaması ve bu konuda çok hassas davranılması gerektiği görüldü. Aynı şekilde din tercihleri üzerinde ciddi etkisi bulunan atalar, liderler/yöneticiler, din bilginleri, sivil cemiyetler, sanat, medya ve karizma sahibi kimselere karşı da son derece müteyakkız bir tavır takınmanın ve bunlara karşı akıl ve irade yetilerinin sürekli aktif hale getirilmesinin önemi müşahede edildi.
Strengthening Religious Moderation Among the People of Madura through Religious Mentoring Activities Based on Local Wisdom
Authors: Hadi Saiful
Published: November 2024

This study explores efforts to enhance religious moderation among the Madurese community through local wisdom-based religious mentoring. The concept of wisdom here encompasses social religion, social culture, and social economy. The research focuses on strengthening Madurese community moderatism through such mentoring activities. Conducted as a field study with qualitative methods, this research relies on primary data from observations and interviews, and secondary data from statistical and literature sources. Using the Miles and Huberman analysis technique, the study yields two key findings. Firstly, the current state of religious moderation in Madurese society is unhealthy, evidenced by the rise of religious groups or movements exhibiting conservatism and radical tendencies in addressing contemporary social religious issues. Secondly, the Madurese community possesses local wisdom values that support religious moderation, including pesantren institutions, traditional cultural constructions with high respect for religious symbols, and diverse resources significantly influencing collective religious awareness. Efforts to strengthen religious moderation involve local wisdom-based diversity assistance activities, utilizing community worldviews that reflect their creativity and unique social religious characteristics. This study's results can significantly contribute to enhancing religious moderation in Indonesia, serving as a reference for other regions with similar characteristics. The findings can help develop a religious mentoring model that leverages local wisdom and measures its effectiveness in fostering moderate attitudes and behaviors.
Evaluation of the effect of hemodynamic factors on retinal microcirculation by using 3D confocal image-based computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Ong Chi Wei , Tan Bingyao , Hussain Shaista , Chuangsuwanich Thanadet , Braeu Fabian Albert , Cui Fangsen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To investigate local hemodynamic changes resulting from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in different vasculature networks using a computational fluid dynamics model based on 3D reconstructed confocal microscopic images.

Methods

Three-dimensional rat retinal vasculature was reconstructed from confocal microscopy images using a 3D U-Net-based labeling technique, followed by manual correction. We conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on different retinal vasculature networks derived from a single rat. Various venule and arteriole pressures were applied to mimic the effects of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a major glaucoma risk factor. An increase in IOP typically correlates with a decrease in venous pressure. We also varied the percentage of capillary dropout, simulating the loss of blood vessels within the capillary network, by reducing the volume of the normal capillary network by 10%, 30%, and 50%. Based on the output of the CFD analysis, we calculated velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and pressure gradient for different vasculature densities.

Results

Arteriolar pressure, venular pressure, and capillary dropout appear to be important factors influencing wall shear stress in the rat capillary network. Our study revealed that the pressure gradient between arterioles and venules strongly affects the local wall shear stress distribution across the 3D retinal vasculature. Specifically, under a pressure gradient of 3,250 Pa, the wall shear stress was found to vary between 0 and 20 Pa, with the highest shear stress observed in the region of the superficial layer. Additionally, capillary dropout led to a 25% increase or decrease in wall shear stress in affected areas.

Conclusion

The hemodynamic differences under various arteriole and venule pressures, along with different capillary dropout conditions, could help explain the development of various optic disorders, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion.
Gas sensing performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene heterojunction structures in greenhouse environments: a mini review
Authors: Zhang Haoming , Xu Hongyu , Zeng Wen , Wang Zhongchang , Zhou Qu
Published: November 2024

With the continuous advancement of smart greenhouse technologies, digital and information-based environmental monitoring has emerged as a focal point of research. The development of high-performance gas sensors is central to achieving this objective. In recent years, MXene materials have been widely applied in the field of gas sensors due to their excellent ion mobility, favorable hydrophilicity, outstanding electronic conductivity, and unique physicochemical properties. Various MXene heterojunction structures have been synthesized for gas detection. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors, explore methods for synthesizing different morphologies of Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures, and evaluate the sensing behaviors of these configurations to fully harness their potential for gas monitoring in greenhouse environments. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the sensing mechanisms associated with Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures will be provided, offering theoretical support for future investigations. The findings indicate that Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials demonstrate considerable promise as high-performance sensors for gas detection in greenhouse settings. This innovative research not only provides new insights into the development of gas sensor technologies but also serves as an important foundation for the digitization of environmental monitoring.
Visual media literacy: educational strategies to combat image and video disinformation on social media
Authors: Aljalabneh Abd Allah
Published: November 2024

The proliferation of misinformation on social media, particularly through manipulated visual content, poses significant challenges. This study explores the role of visual media literacy in addressing these challenges, focusing on its application in educational settings in Jordan. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates semi-structured interviews with 18 university media literacy educators and a quantitative case study analyzing rumor dissemination from January to August 2024. The aim is to develop strategies that enhance critical evaluation skills among students, equipping them to navigate and discern the vast array of visual information encountered online. The findings reveal that educators utilize specific strategies, such as employing reverse image searches and cross-referencing with reputable sources, to ensure students grasp the importance of verifying the authenticity of visual content. Educators also emphasize the need to contextualize visual media by analyzing the creator's background and motivations, thereby uncovering potential biases and promoting a more nuanced understanding of visual messages. Moreover, the study highlights the critical role of the Picture Superiority Effect (PSE) in visual media literacy, illustrating how images are more likely to influence memory and perception than text. The case study provides empirical evidence of the pervasiveness of misinformation, with 481 rumors recorded over 8 months, 85.5% of which were disseminated via social media platforms and 58% related to political and security issues. Educators address these challenges by teaching students to critically engage with images and videos, recognizing the power of visuals to shape opinions. The findings of this research are crucial for educators and policymakers, aiding in the creation of a more informed and resilient society better equipped to counter disinformation.
A nomogram to predict the risk of insulin resistance in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Guo Benjie , Shen Yuting , Dai Ziying , Yimamu Kalibinuer , Sun Jianhua , Pei Lixia
Published: November 2024

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a major driver of the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), mediating the progression of hyperandrogenism and metabolic and reproductive dysfunction in patients with PCOS. Early detection of the risk of concurrent IR is essential for women with PCOS. To address this need, this study developed a predictive nomogram for assessing the risk of IR in women with PCOS, aiming to provide a tool for risk stratification and assist in clinical decision-making.

Methods

Patients with untreated PCOS-IR diagnosed in a single-center retrospective cohort study from January 2023 to December 2023 were included for nomogram construction and validation. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curve, Hosmer–Lemeshow (H-L) goodness-of-fit test, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the nomogram’s discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision performance. A risk stratification model based on the nomogram was then developed.

Results

A total of 571 patients were included in the study; 400 patients enrolled before September 2023 were divided into the training and validation sets, and 171 patients enrolled later were used as the external validation set. The variables identified by logistic regression and the random forest algorithm—body mass index (BMI, OR 1.43), triglycerides (TG, OR 1.22), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, OR 1.03), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG, OR 5.19)—were used to build the nomogram. In the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, the AUCs were 0.911 (95% CI 0.878–0.911), 0.842 (95% CI 0.771–0.842), and 0.901 (95% CI 0.856–0.901), respectively. The nomogram showed good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes, and patients were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups based on their scores.

Conclusions

Independent predictors of untreated PCOS-IR risk were incorporated into a nomogram that effectively classifies patients into risk groups, providing a practical tool for guiding clinical management and early intervention.
Environmental degradation in emerging-market economies of Africa: evaluating impacts of human capital development, international trade, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization
Authors: Bajja Salwa , El-Bouayady Rachida , Çelik Ali , Ahmed Zahoor , Radoine Hassan
Published: November 2024

This research explores the impact of human capital development, international trade, financial development, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on environmental degradation in emerging-market economies in Africa. The study adopts a quantitative approach using panel data from 8 African countries between 1991 and 2021. The study adopted the method of Mean Group Dynamic Least Squares and Method of moments quantile regression methods to estimate the empirical relationship between the variables of interest. The findings indicate that urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth, and human capital development have significant and positive effects on environmental degradation, while financial development, renewable energy consumption, manufacturing activities, and international trade have a significant negative effect on environmental degradation. The study concludes that policymakers in emerging-market economies in Africa need to promote financial development and renewable energy consumption while simultaneously addressing the negative impacts of urbanization on the environment to achieve sustainable economic growth.
The significance of RB1 in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Yang Rui , Liu Rui , Yang Ruoyu , Lin Zujie , He Aili
Published: November 2024

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly advanced; however, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain elusive. Clonal events and genetic alterations are recognized as pivotal in the pathogenesis of MM. It is now understood that a multitude of gene mutations, including those affecting RAS, TP53, RB1, and 1q21 amplification, are prevalent in this disease. The incorporation of several high-risk genetic factors into the Second Revision of the International Staging System (R2-ISS) underscores the prognostic significance of genetic aberrations in MM. The retinoblastoma gene (RB1), located in 13q14, encodes the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), a tumor suppressor that regulates cell cycle progression. Deletion of RB1, which is a frequent event in MM, contributes to tumorigenesis by disrupting cell cycle control. In this respect, RB1 loss has been implicated in the progression of MM through its influence on interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion and cell proliferation. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of RB1 in MM and expounds on the potential of targeting RB1 as a therapeutic strategy for this malignancy.
Establishment and evaluation of a risk prediction model for coronary heart disease in primary Sjögren’s syndrome based on peripheral blood IL-6 and Treg percentages
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Huang Lei , Hu Bin , Yang Bin , Wei Ruipeng , Rong Shuling , Li Bao
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to establish and evaluate a risk prediction model for coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) based on peripheral blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg%). This model is intended to facilitate the timely identification of high-risk patients and the implementation of preventive measures.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from 120 pSS patients who visited the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between November 2021 and September 2023. Patients were classified into pSS and pSS-CHD groups according to CHD diagnostic criteria. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels were assessed using flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors, and a nomogram was constructed based on these factors. The model’s discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Results

The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified several independent risk factors for CHD in pSS patients: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR=1.10, P=0.019), triglycerides (TG) (OR=3.67, P=0.041), IL-6 (OR=1.29, P=0.048), and Treg% (OR=0.25, P=0.004). A nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96, indicating excellent predictive performance, and showed good calibration (P=0.599), suggesting significant clinical applicability. Furthermore, Treg% exhibited a negative correlation with cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while IL-6 showed a positive correlation with CHOL and LDL-C levels. TG was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP).

Conclusion

This study successfully developed a risk prediction model based on peripheral blood IL-6 and Treg% levels, providing critical evidence for the early identification and personalized prevention of CHD in pSS patients, with potential clinical implications.
Design and validation of a Primary Reading Proficiency Test (PCL-P)
Authors: Trimiño-Pérez Laura , Hurtado-Reina Jone , Velasco Erlantz , Martinez Alaitz
Published: November 2024

Reading proficiency is one of the most important skills to be developed by students at school. However, the data on reading proficiency performance in Spanish schoolchildren show a downward trend. Thus, to measure this performance, a reading proficiency assessment test has been developed for Primary School students (PCL-P). Based on a multilevel model (executive, functional, instrumental, and epistemic), the test content is evaluated by 5 pedagogical and linguistic experts (inter-judge agreement: Fleiss' Kappa was 0.88). After that, it is applied to a sample of 216 students (6–12 years old) of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. On the other hand, the exploratory factor analysis (principal components method and Varimax rotation) results in 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance: (1) word and text recognition and structural understanding; (2) evaluation and critical reflection of information for the creation of new ideas; (3) advanced/deep reading strategies; (4) phonological awareness; and (5) structural understanding of language and detection of key elements. In conclusion, the PCL-P is a valid instrument for the assessment of reading proficiency in Primary.
The process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China: a case study of mariculture on Guanglu Island, Changhai County
Authors: Liu Tianbao , Wang Yun , Zhao Shan , Xu Pengrui
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of transforming natural marine space into proliferative capital holds global significance in modern modes of production. Under China’s socialist market economy, the property rights system and resource allocation methods have created a unique approach to the capitalization of marine space. Drawing on concepts related to the capitalization of space and land, this paper develops the idea of the capitalization of marine space. It is a process where the right to use the sea area is transferred by the rights holders through methods such as transfer, lease, or shares and is ultimately put into production as a means of production to realize the creation of capital value and surplus value. Using the mariculture industry on Guanglu Island in Changhai County as a case, this analysis delves into the process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China, the world’s leading mariculture nation, while considering the material agency of marine space. The research results show that: ① The specific realization process of marine space capitalization in the mariculture industry has gone through three stages: from natural marine space to marine space resources, from marine space resources to marine space assets, and the participation of marine space assets in creating value and surplus value. ② The material agency of marine space determines the feasibility of the capitalization of marine space and is also the decisive subject in shaping the specific practice of capitalization. The survival and profit needs of mariculture fishermen and enterprises drive the realization of the capitalization of marine space. China’s central and local governments participate in realizing the capitalization of marine space with the relevant institutional policies and norms aimed at economic development.
Fontan-associated liver disease: the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in its management
Authors: Tsuchihashi Tomoya , Cho Yuki , Tokuhara Daisuke
Published: November 2024

The Fontan operation, which directly connects the superior and inferior vena cava to the pulmonary artery, is a palliative surgery for children with a functional or anatomic single ventricle. This procedure leads to hemodynamic changes (Fontan circulation) in patients, who tend to develop congestive hepatic fibrosis characterized by sinusoidal fibrosis and dilatation beginning approximately 10 years after the procedure. In addition, in the context of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis, hepato-gastrointestinal complications including hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and portal hypertension can arise. Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) encompasses the broad spectrum of liver alterations secondary to postoperative hemodynamic changes, and the effective management of FALD requires contributions from specialists in hepatology, gastroenterology, surgery, radiology, histopathology, and pediatric and adult cardiology. In this article, we outline the pathogenesis of FALD and discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to its management.
Visualization of the relationship between metabolism and lung diseases from the perspective of bibliometric analysis: research trends and future prospects
Authors: Wang Ming-Yan , Mo Xing-Yu , Yi Meng-Xu , Lu Hong-Yan
Published: November 2024

Background

Extensive research has examined the role of metabolism in lung disease development, yet a comprehensive literature review remains absent despite numerous publications.

Objective

This study aims to visualize and assess the advancements in research on metabolism and its role in lung diseases.

Methods

Publications from January 1, 1991, to April 30, 2024, related to lung diseases and metabolism were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.19, Bibliometrix, R Studio, and various online tools.

Results

A total of 1,542 studies were collected and processed through these platforms for literature analysis and data visualization. The analysis revealed a sharp increase in annual publications on metabolism and lung diseases, with the United States and China emerging as leading contributors. Current research trends highlight a shift toward investigating metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in the context of lung diseases. Moreover, genes such as TNF, DIF, AKT1, INS, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-1β, TP53, NF-κB1, MTOR, IFNG, TGF-β1, HIF1α, VEGFA, IL-10, NFE2L2, PPARG, AKT, CRP, STAT3, and CD4 have received significant attention in this research domain. Employing a bibliometric approach, this study offers a comprehensive and objective examination of the knowledge landscape, shedding light on the evolving trends in this field. The findings serve as a valuable resource for researchers, offering a clearer perspective on the advancements in metabolism-related lung disease studies.
MMP9: Link between neuropathy and colorectal cancer?
Authors: Regalado Cynthia Rosa , Balogh Mihály
Published: November 2024

As chemotherapy is still a cornerstone of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) presents significant clinical challenges, affecting millions worldwide. A subset of colon cancer patients (approximately 30%) develop chronic CIPN, with detrimental, untreatable neuropathic pain symptoms. The risk factors of such intractable chronic CIPN are unknown. However, there is growing literature data investigating the intriguing interplay of neurons and cancer (cancer neuroscience). Recent data shows that this interplay might have a key role in the development and severity of CIPN. Given its vast (patho)physiological roles in both colon cancer and neuropathy, MMP9 seems to be a key factor that might drive the development of neuronal damage in colon cancer patients. This review investigates the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in linking CRC to neuropathy, aiming to uncover shared mechanisms that could offer new therapeutic targets. By synthesizing insights from a broad range of studies published over the last 20 years, we explore MMP9’s involvement in CRC progression, its role in CIPN, and the interconnected pathways influencing both conditions. These studies reveal MMP9 as a pivotal mediator in ECM remodeling, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, emphasizing its modulation by macrophages. These shared mechanisms of colon cancer and CIPN pathophysiology suggest MMP9’s potential contribution to neuropathic conditions in CRC patients, positioning it as a critical factor in disease progression and a promising therapeutic target. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess MMP9’s impact on neuropathy outcomes in CRC patients, exploring MMP9 inhibitors, and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the detrimental symptoms of CIPN. MMP9 also seems to be a feasible driving factor in the development of chronic CIPN in colon cancer patients.
Ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla anatomic magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of ex vivo formalin-fixed human brainstem-cerebellum complex
Authors: Hanalioglu Sahin , Bahadir Siyar , Ozak Ahmet C. , Yangi Kivanc , Mignucci-Jiménez Giancarlo , Gurses Muhammet Enes , Fuentes Alberto , Mathew Ethan , Graham Dakota T. , Altug Muhammed Yakup , Gok Egemen , Turner Gregory H. , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Brain cross-sectional images, tractography, and segmentation are valuable resources for neuroanatomical education and research but are also crucial for neurosurgical planning that may improve outcomes in cerebellar and brainstem interventions. Although ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveal such structural brain details in living or fresh unpreserved brain tissue, imaging standard formalin-preserved cadaveric brain specimens often used for neurosurgical anatomic studies has proven difficult. This study sought to develop a practical protocol to provide anatomic information and tractography results of an ex vivo human brainstem-cerebellum specimen.

Materials and methods

A protocol was developed for specimen preparation and 7T MRI with image postprocessing on a combined brainstem-cerebellum specimen obtained from an 85-year-old male cadaver with a postmortem interval of 1 week that was stored in formalin for 6 months. Anatomic image series were acquired for detailed views and diffusion tractography to map neural pathways and segment major anatomic structures within the brainstem and cerebellum.

Results

Complex white matter tracts were visualized with high-precision segmentation of crucial brainstem structures, delineating the brainstem-cerebellum and mesencephalic-dentate connectivity, including the Guillain-Mollaret triangle. Tractography and fractional anisotropy mapping revealed the complexities of white matter fiber pathways, including the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles and visible decussating fibers. 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and quantitative and qualitative analyses verified the anatomical precision of the imaging relative to a standard brain space.

Discussion

This novel imaging protocol successfully captured the intricate 3D architecture of the brainstem-cerebellum network. The protocol, unique in several respects (including tissue preservation and rehydration times, choice of solutions, preferred sequences, voxel sizes, and diffusion directions) aimed to balance high resolution and practical scan times. This approach provided detailed neuroanatomical imaging while avoiding impractically long scan times. The extended postmortem and fixation intervals did not compromise the diffusion imaging quality. Moreover, the combination of time efficiency and ultrahigh-resolution imaging results makes this protocol a strong candidate for optimal use in detailed neuroanatomical studies, particularly in presurgical trajectory planning.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate pregabalin efficacy in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Maleki Leyla , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Panahishokouh Mahsa , Mohebbi Niayesh
Published: November 2024

Background

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are common during Alzheimer’s disease and cause severe problems for patients and their caregivers.

Objectives

To assess the therapeutic efficacy of Pregabalin in comparison with a placebo in treating BPSD in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) visiting the memory and cognition clinic of Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Methods

A 12-week double-blind, randomized comparison of Pregabalin and placebo treatments was conducted in 53 patients with DSM-V diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer’s type. They were randomly assigned to receive Pregabalin (doses: 50 titrated up to 300 mg/day) or a placebo. Clinical response was evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Behavioral Pathology in AD Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD) scores compared with baseline. Side effects were also recorded carefully.

Results

Patients receiving Pregabalin had better outcomes in comparison with patients receiving a placebo regarding both NPI and BEHAVE-AD scores after 12 weeks (p-value = 0.009 for NPI and p-value = 0.003 for BEHAVE-AD). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the treatment group depression sub-score regarding NPI and BEHAVE-AD (respectively, p-value =0.000, 0.003). The caregiver burden sub-score of the NPI test was also lower in patients receiving pregabalin (p-value = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the occurrence of adverse effects between the two groups (p-value = 1.00).

Conclusion

Pregabalin at a dose of 300 mg/day was well tolerated and associated with reductions in the severity and frequency of behavioral symptoms in patients with AD. Pregabalin could be considered a favorable choice for treating BPSD in adults with mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer ‘s-type dementia, considering its befitting safety profile.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.irct.ir/trial/52750, identifier IRCT20201201049553N1
The causal effects of dietary component intake and blood metabolites on risk of delirium: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Qian , Liu Yingjian , Li Xiaona , Wang Chao , Xie Zhenyan , Guo Gongjie , Gu Wenqing , Hu Yongzhen , Wei Xiaobing , Wen Yiqi , Jing Yingchao , Zhong Shilong , Lin Li , Li Xuesong
Published: November 2024

Backgrounds

Growing evidence has indicated that the nutritional quality of dietary intake and alterations in blood metabolites were related to human brain activity. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between dietary component intake, blood metabolites, and delirium risks.

Methods

We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants as instrumental variables for dietary component intake, blood metabolites, and delirium. Inverse variance weighting, maximum likelihood, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods were used for statistical analyses.

Results

We found that genetic prediction of salt added to food (odds ratio [OR] 1.715, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.239–2.374, p = 0.001) significantly increased the risks of delirium, while low-fat polyunsaturated margarine used in cooking (OR 0.044, 95%CI 0.004–0.432, p = 0.007), cheese intake (OR 0.691, 95%CI 0.500–0.955, p = 0.025) and coffee intake (OR 0.595, 95%CI 0.370–0.956, p = 0.032) was suggestively associated with decreased risks of delirium. Moreover, increased blood 1-stearoylglycerol levels (OR 0.187, 95%CI 0.080–0.435, p = 9.97E-05) significantly contributed to reducing the risks of delirium. 3-methoxytyrosine (OR 0.359, 95%CI 0.154–0.841, p = 0.018) also has the potential to decrease the risk of delirium.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the potential causal effect relationships of dietary component intake and blood metabolites on the risk of delirium, which potentially provides novel insights into targeted dietary prevention strategies or biomarkers for delirium.
The burden of acute malnutrition among children under five in conflict-afflicted Gaza strip: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed , Zinszer Kate , El Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid , Abuzerr Samer
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) among children in this region during a period of conflict.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,200 children under 5 years old, selected through stratified random sampling from three governorates in the Gaza Strip. Data were collected using structured interviews and physical examinations, including Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurements to determine nutritional status based on established cut-off points. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS, version 26.

Results

Among the 1,200 children screened, 605 (50.8%) were males and 595 (49.2%) were females. The age distribution of the children screened showed that 48.4% (n = 581) fall within the range of 6 months to <24 months category and 51.6% (n = 619) fall within the range of 24–60 months. Overall, 58.3% of children live in schools, 26.6% live in houses, and 15.1% reside in tents. The overall prevalence of malnutrition across all regions was 16.6%, including 6.7% with SAM and 9.7% with MAM. The prevalence of SAM is highest in North Gaza and South Gaza (both at 6.8%) and slightly lower in the Middle Zone (6.5%). For MAM, the highest prevalence is in South Gaza (11.5%), with Middle Zone showing the lowest rate (7.3%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that children living in houses had a higher likelihood of SAM (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.39–3.99) and MAM (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.13–1.84), and children living in schools had a higher likelihood of SAM (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.35–5.74) and MAM (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.14–3.80) compared to those in tents. Notably, children residing in North Gaza were significantly more likely to experience SAM (OR = 13.2; 95% CI = 6.23–27.95) and MAM (OR = 10.51; 95% CI = 5.74–19.3) compared to those in South Gaza.

Conclusion

The study highlights a high prevalence of malnutrition among children under five in the Gaza Strip, particularly among those living in houses, shelters and in the North Gaza governorate. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and support for affected families in conflict zones.
Enriching the Mediterranean diet could nourish the brain more effectively
Authors: Picone Pasquale , Girgenti Antonella , Buttacavoli Miriam , Nuzzo Domenico
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders represents a challenge to the global health of all nations and populations, particularly with increasing longevity. Urgent prevention strategies are therefore needed, and one opportunity may be to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and brain health which has emerged as a promising strategy. Numerous studies indicate that dietary choices have a significant impact on cognitive function, memory and the risks of neurological disorders, recognizing the dynamic role of diet in maintaining cognitive abilities. One of the most studied dietary styles, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by healthy, plant-based foods fats and moderate consumption of animal products, has demonstrated its neuroprotective potential. Rich in antioxidants, vitamins and polyphenols, this diet shows consistent associations with cardiovascular health and cognitive function. Some less talked about foods, such as seaweed, blackcurrants, Lion’s Mane mushroom and chia seeds, are emerging as potential brain health boosters. These and other new foods could enrich the Western diet making it capable of effectively preventing neurological disorders. Despite promising scientific data, difficulties persist in understanding the complex relationship between nutrition and brain health. Individual variability, long-term dietary adherence, comorbidities, and the need for rigorous clinical evidence pose obstacles. In this review, we would like to focus our attention on the future of brain-diets, which should involve accessible, personalized and evidence-based interventions, providing hope against the challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, as research progresses, more and more attention are being placed to brain health, promising a harmonious and resilient cognitive landscape for individuals and society.
Impact of the Coronavirus disease pandemic on early breast cancer
Authors: Li Yong , Lu Xiao-ju , Xu Bo , Li Wei-wen
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation, treatment, and survival of patients with early breast cancer (Stage I–III).

Methods

This study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer in 2020 were compared to those diagnosed in 2018 or 2019. The primary outcomes were stage distribution and changes in the treatment modalities for early breast cancer. The secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).

Results

We analyzed 142,038 patients. There has been a decrease in breast cancer diagnoses in 2020, as well as the smaller number of surgeries. The distribution of breast cancer stages among patients exhibited a notable shift in 2020, with a decrease in the proportion of Stage 0-I and an increase in advanced-stage. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) performed in 2020. The proportion of patients undergoing radiation decreased, while that of chemotherapy cases increased significantly in 2020. Patients showed a shorter treatment delay in 2020 than in 2018 or 2019 (2018: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.969, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.956–0.982, p < 0.001; 2019: HR=0.959, 95% CI = 0.946–0.972, p < 0.001). Diagnosis in 2020 showed a significant correlation with worse OS than diagnosis in 2018 (HR = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.743-0.996, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

We observed a shift to advanced-stage and a change of treatment modalities of early breast cancer in 2020. The OS of patients with breast cancer was worse during the pandemic than before the pandemic. The findings could provide empirical basis for optimizing cancer prevention and control strategies in future public health emergencies.
Gastric cancer cell-derived exosomal miRNA-128-3p promotes angiogenesis by targeting SASH1
Authors: Yan Hao , Cai Xinyu , Zhang Jianna , Zhao Hongpeng , Wu Hongwen , Zhang Jingbo , Xu Lanzhi , Liu Shizheng , Zang Yuanwei , Fu Shanshan
Published: November 2024

Exosomes, key components of the tumour microenvironment, can mediate intercellular communication through the delivery of various signalling molecules, including microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), and ultimately participate in regulating the process of tumour development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the reason and mechanism by which exosomal miRNAs derived from gastric cancer cells affect carcinogenesis and metastasis. Among these miRNAs, microRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) was highly expressed in serum exosomes isolated from gastric cancer patients, as confirmed by high-throughput sequencing and subsequent experiments. Coculture of gastric cancer-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-128-3p with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migratio n and angiogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis suggested SASH1 as the target gene of miR-128-3p. The dual luciferase assay and Western blot analysis results confirmed that miR-128-3p directly targeted SASH1 to inhibit its expression in HUVECs. Therefore, this study provides preliminary evidence that gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-128-3p promotes tumour angiogenesis by targeting SASH1, reveals the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of cancer-derived exosomal miR-128-3p, and provides new insights into the novel molecular mechanisms regulating metastasis. This study provides further information for understanding the role of gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-128-3p in cancer progression and to discover new therapeutic targets.
Optimized FDG-PET/MRI protocol reveals metabolic predictors of long-term survival in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Juengling Freimut D. , Valenta-Schindler Ines , Chirindel Alin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To optimize and assess an abbreviated dual time-point 18-Fluor-Deoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocol for predicting patient outcomes in pancreatic cancer.

Methods

70 patients (47 pancreatic cancer, 23 chronic pancreatitis) underwent hybrid PET/MRI with dual time-point PET/CT at 60 and 84 minutes post-injection. Metabolic indices (MI) were calculated from Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) changes (SUVmin, SUVmean and SUVmax). Multivariate analysis was performed on PET, MRI, laboratory, and histologic data. Top predictors were used for survival analysis.

Results

MI SUVmax, thresholded at 11%, was the best outcome predictor, distinguishing high-risk (2year (2y)-Overall Survival (OAS) 32%, 5y-OAS 14%, 10y-OAS 8%) and low-risk groups (2y-OAS 76%, 5y-OAS 32%, 10y-OAS 23%). Tumor size, CBD obstruction, and infiltrative disease had lower predictive value.

Conclusions

Metabolic indices from abbreviated dual time-point FDG-PET/MRI can differentiate pancreatic malignancy from pancreatitis and predict outcomes, outperforming other indices. This protocol offers a valuable diagnostic tool for characterizing pancreatic lesions and predicting outcomes based on imaging criteria.
Construction of a risk prediction model for postoperative deep vein thrombosis in colorectal cancer patients based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Liu Xin , Shu Xingming , Zhou Yejiang , Jiang Yifan
Published: November 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive system, with an increasing incidence. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a frequent postoperative complication, occurring in up to 40% of cases.

Objective

This research aims to develop and validate a machine learning model (ML) to predict the risk of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients with colorectal cancer, facilitating preventive and therapeutic measures to enhance recovery and ensure safety.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from 429 colorectal cancer patients from January 2021 to January 2024. The medical records included age, blood test results, body mass index, underlying diseases, clinical staging, histological typing, surgical methods, and postoperative complications. We employed the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique to address imbalanced data and split the dataset into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Feature selection was performed using Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithms (LASSO). We then trained six machine learning models: Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Gaussian Process (GP), Random Forest, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The model’s performance was evaluated using metrics such as area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and confusion matrix. Additionally, SHAP and LIME were used to enhance the interpretability of the results.

Results

The study combined Random Forest, XGBoost algorithms, and LASSO regression with univariate regression analysis to identify significant predictive factors, including age, preoperative prealbumin, preoperative albumin, preoperative hemoglobin, operation time, PIKVA2, CEA, and preoperative neutrophil count. The XGBoost model outperformed other ML algorithms, achieving an AUC of 0.996, an accuracy of 0.9636, a specificity of 0.9778, and an F1 score of 0.9576. Moreover, the SHAP method identified age and preoperative prealbumin as the primary determinants influencing ML model predictions. Finally, the study employed LIME for more precise prediction and interpretation of individual predictions.

Conclusion

The machine learning algorithms effectively predicted postoperative lower limb deep vein thrombosis in colorectal cancer patients. The XGBoost model demonstrated strong potential for improving early detection and treatment in clinical settings.
Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of RRx-001 on hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yan Guohong , Zhao Shuqi , Chen Meifeng , Mo Shutian , Huang Hailian , Liao Yuan , Lu Ziyan , Liang Jiaming , Wei Shuxin , Han Chuangye , Ye Xinping
Published: November 2024

Background

1-Bromoacetyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (RRx-001) has potent antitumor effects, indicating its promising therapeutic potential against various cancers. This research investigates RRx-001 activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Huh7, Hepa1-6, and MHCC97H cells were cultured and treated with varying RRx-001 concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit-8. The cells were divided into control and RRx-001 treatment groups at 0.5 × IC50, 1.0 × IC50, and 2.0 × IC50 concentrations for each cell line. Migration and invasion were evaluated using scratch and Transwell assays, and apoptosis was examined by apoptosis assays. RNA sequencing was performed on the Huh7 cells treated with RRx-001 for 24 h to identify differential gene expression. CD47 and TP53 protein levels were measured by Western blot. A xenograft mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effect of RRx-001 on HCC.

Results

RRx-001 inhibits HCC cell viability, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis, These effects are potentially mediated by the downregulation of CD47 and the upregulation of TP53, both of which modulate key signaling pathways. In vivo experiments demonstrated that RRx-001 effectively inhibits tumor growth.

Conclusion

RRx-001 reduces the viability of HCC cells and induces apoptosis. This effect may be due to the downregulation of CD47 expression and the alteration of the TP53 protein regulatory pathway.