bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Racial Discrimination, Suicidal Ideation, and Traumatic Stress in a National Sample of Black Adolescents
Authors: Tynes Brendesha M. , Maxie-Moreman Ashley , Hoang Tuyet-Mai Ha , Willis Henry A. , English Devin
Published: January 2024

Importance

Because of increased suicide rates among Black youth in the past 2 decades, there is a dire need for research on suicidal ideation and risk factors in this population.

Objective

To examine the direct and indirect associations between online racial discrimination and suicidal ideation through posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Black adolescents living in the US, with consideration of potential differential associations by gender and age.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data drawn from the first wave of the National Survey of Critical Digital Literacy. Black adolescents aged 11 to 19 years were selected from a nationally representative probability-based sample. Data were collected from October 2020 to December 2020 and analyzed from August 2021 to October 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hypotheses of the current study were formulated during research design and grounded in empirical literature. The individual online racial discrimination subscale (Online Victimization Scale), the UCLA Child/Adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder Reaction Index for DSM-5, and an item from the second edition of the Children’s Depression Inventory were used to assess constructs. Mediation was assessed through mediation models with path analyses using structural equation modeling.

Results

Among a total 525 participants, 265 were girls (50.5%) and 251 were boys (47.8%); the mean (SD) age was 14.8 (2.5) years. Findings from structural equation modeling analysis indicated that individual online racial discrimination was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (β = 0.49, SE = 0.06, P < .001), and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were associated with suicidal ideation (β = 0.51, SE = 0.06, P < .001). Posttraumatic stress disorder was identified as a full mediator between online racial discrimination and suicide (β = 0.25, SE = 0.04, P < .001). No differences by gender or age were found. Furthermore, no significant direct association between online racial discrimination and suicidal ideation was found.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found an association between individual online racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation. These risk factors are important to consider in continuing studies of the cause of suicidal ideation for Black adolescents in the US.
Practical Guide to Qualitative Research in Surgical Education
Authors: Sandhu Gurjit , Kaji Amy H. , Cochran Amalia
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the selection and application of qualitative research in surgical education.
Practical Guide to Curricular Development Research
Authors: Pei Kevin Y. , Schwartz Todd A. , Boermeester Marja A.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of performing curricular development research.
Ionizing Radiation Responsive Anomalous Photovoltage Drives Sensitive Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detection
Authors: You Shihai , Yu Panpan , Zhu Tingting , Lin Cunjian , Wu Jianbo , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Zhang Chengshu , Li Zhou , Ji Chengmin , Luo Junhua
Published: January 2024

The anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effect in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) has attracted massive interest for developing high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, exploring the ionizing radiation responsive APV effect remains blank, let alone its potential applications. Herein, the unprecedented APV behavior in a 1D lead‐free OIHP, (4‐AMP)BiI5 (ABI, 4‐AMP = 4‐(aminomethyl)pyridine) under X‐ray irradiation is reported, exhibiting a large above‐bandgap bulk photovoltage of ≈10 V. Such a strong APV effect is closely related to the intrinsic electric polarization in polar ABI, which acts as the driving force for X‐ray‐generated carriers’ separation and transport, thus allowing it to be self‐powered. As a result, sensitive self‐powered X‐ray detectors based on high‐quality ABI single crystals are successfully fabricated, possessing a high sensitivity of 66.84 µC Gy−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 482 nGy s−1, and superior operational stability. This work first demonstrates the ionizing radiation‐responsive APV effect in OIHPs, which further enables passive radiation detection.
A Network Intrusion Detection System with Broadband WO3–x/WO3–x‐Ag/WO3–x Optoelectronic Memristor
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Kan Hao , Shen Guozhen , Li Yang
Published: January 2024

Real‐time intrusion detection system based on the von Neumann architecture struggle to balance low power consumption and high computing speed. In this work, a strategy for network intrusion detection system based on the WO3–x/WO3–x‐Ag/WO3–x structured optoelectronic memristor overcoming the aforementioned issues is proposed and demonstrated. Through the modulation of electrical signals, the memristor successfully simulates a series of important synaptic functionalities including short‐term/long‐term synaptic plasticity. Meanwhile, when subjected to light stimulus, it demonstrates remarkable synaptic behaviors in terms of long/short‐term memory and “learning‐forgetting‐relearning.” Based on this memristor array, a convolutional neural network is constructed to recognize abnormal network records within the KDDCup‐99 dataset accurately and efficiently. The power consumption (10–6 W) is over seven orders of magnitude lower than that of central processing unit, etc. Subsequently, an intrusion detection system is established to integrate collection, processing, and detection of real‐time network data, successfully classifying various types of network records. Hence, this work is expected to promote the development of high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing technology, and provides an application idea for intelligent electronic devices.
Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Oxetanes Catalyzed by Lewis Superacid Al(C6F5)3
Authors: Bellido Marina , Riego‐Mejías Carlos , Sciortino Giuseppe , Verdaguer Xavier , Lledós Agustí , Riera Antoni
Published: January 2024

This study details an aluminum‐catalyzed regioselective isomerization of 2,2‐disubstituted oxetanes to yield homoallylic alcohols. The reaction takes place in toluene at 40 °C, employing 1 mol % of Al(C6F5)3 as catalyst. This catalytic system shows a wide substrate scope (12 examples). The optimized conditions are especially useful for electron‐rich aryl oxetanes, completely suppressing the formation of allyl isomers and reducing the amount of the dimer by‐product. The synthetic applicability of the reported methodology is demonstrated by the enantioselective formal synthesis of curcuquinone and the σ1 receptor agonist RC‐33.
Programmable and Surface‐Conformable Origami Design for Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Hou Yue , Li Zhaoyu , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Xingzhong , Li Yang , Li Chang , Guo Haizhong , Yu Hongyu
Published: January 2024

Thermoelectric devices (TEDs) show great potential for waste heat energy recycling and sensing. However, existing TEDs cannot be self‐adapted to the complex quadratic surface, leading to significant heat loss and restricting their working scenario. Here, surface‐conformable origami‐TEDs (o‐TEGs) are developed through programmable crease‐designed origami substrates and the screen‐printing TE legs. Compared with “π” structured TEDs, the origami design (with heat conductive materials) changed the heat‐transferring direction of the laminated TE legs, resulting in an enhancement in enlarging ΔT/THotandVoutby 5.02 and 3.51 times. Four o‐TEDs with different creases designs are fabricated to verify the heat recycling ability on plane and central quadratic surfaces. Demonstrating a highVoutdensity (up to 0.98 −2at ΔTof 50 K) and good surface conformability, o‐TEDs are further used in thermal touch panels attached to multiple surfaces, allowing information to be wirelessly transferred on a remote display via finger‐writing.
Unconventional Copper Electrochemistry in Aqueous Zn‖CuMn2O4 Batteries
Authors: Yang Gongzheng , Ma Kaixuan , Wang Chengxin
Published: January 2024

Manganese oxide is among the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries due to its abundant reserves, low toxicity, and high theoretical capacity. However, the occurrence of Mn dissolution and structural collapse during the charge and discharge process, as well as the hydrogen evolution reaction, zinc dendrite formation, and corrosion on the anode surface, have seriously hindered practical applications. Here, a novel cathode material design is proposed intended to enhance both cathode and anode stability simultaneously. Specifically, an inherently stable CuMn2O4 is employed as cathode material, which demonstrates good maintenance of its spinel structure during cycling. Interestingly, insertion of Zn2+‐ions leads to the extraction of Cu2+‐ions from CuMn2O4, subsequently in situ reduces to Cu0, which results in extra capacity and improves electrical conductivity. The migration of Cu2+ ions into the Zn anode surface during the charge process eventuated the formation of copper–zinc alloys via electrodeposition. Moreover, the reconstructed anode exhibits superior stability and corrosion resistance during the Zn plating‐stripping process. Consequently, the CuMn2O4 electrode demonstrates a markedly improved cycle capability compared to the spinel Mn3O4 electrode. This study highlights an unconventional copper electrochemistry in aqueous Zn‐Mn batteries and introduces a new design principle for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Coordination Engineering of N, O Co‐Doped Cu Single Atom on Porous Carbon for High Performance Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Lee Kyungbin , Kim Eun Ji , Kim Jaekyum , Kim Keun Hee , Lee Young Jun , Lee Michael J. , Ryu Kun , Shin Sangyong , Choi Jaeyoung , Kwon Seung Ho , Lee Hyunjoo , Kim Jung Kyu , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Kim Bumjoon J. , Lee Seung Woo
Published: January 2024

Traditional challenges of poor cycling stability and low Coulombic efficiency in Zinc (Zn) metal anodes have limited their practical application. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a single metal‐atom design featuring atomically dispersed single copper (Cu) atoms on 3D nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) co‐doped porous carbon (CuNOC) as a highly reversible Zn host. The CuNOC structure provides highly active sites for initial Zn nucleation and further promotes uniform Zn deposition. The 3D porous architecture further mitigates the volume changes during the cycle with homogeneous Zn2+ flux. Consequently, CuNOC demonstrates exceptional reversibility in Zn plating/stripping processes over 1000 cycles at 2 and 5 mA cm−2 with a fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2, while achieving stable operation and low voltage hysteresis over 700 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations show that co‐doping N and O on porous carbon with atomically dispersed single Cu atoms creates an efficient zincophilic site for stable Zn nucleation. A full cell with the CuNOC host anode and high loading V2O5 cathode exhibits outstanding rate‐capability up to 5 A g−1 and a stable cycle life over 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage (1.197 V) in Large‐Area (1 cm2) Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell via Interface Planarization and Highly Polar Self‐Assembled Monolayer
Authors: Sun Anxin , Tian Congcong , Zhuang Rongshan , Chen Chen , Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Tang Chen , Liu Yuan , Li Zihao , Ouyang Beilin , Du Jiajun , Li Ziyi , Cai Jingyu , Chen Jinling , Wu Xiling , Hua Yong , Chen Chun‐Chao
Published: January 2024

The efficiency loss caused by area scaling is one of the key factors hindering the industrial development of perovskite solar cells. The energy loss and contact issues in the buried interface are the main reasons. Here, a new self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), Ph‐4PACz, with a large dipole moment (2.32 D) is obtained . It is found that Ph‐4PACz with high polarity can improve the band alignment and minimize the energy loss , resulting in an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.2 V for 1.55 eV perovskite. However, when applied to large‐area devices, the fill factor (FF) still suffered from significant attenuation. Therefore, alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3‐NPs) are introduced to the interface between Ph‐4PACz and rough FTO substrate to further improve the flatness , resulting in a conformal perovskite film with almost no voids in the buried interface, thus promoting low exciton binding energy, fast hot‐carrier extraction and low non‐radiative recombination. The final devices achieved a small‐area power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.60% and a large‐area (1 cm2) PCE of 24.61% (certified at 24.48%), which represents one of the highest PCE for single device ≥ 1 cm2 area. Additionally, mini‐modules and stability testing are also carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of commercialization.
Applying data science methodologies with artificial intelligence variant reinterpretation to map and estimate genetic disorder prevalence utilizing clinical data
Authors: Jackson Suellen , Freeman Rebecca , Noronha Adriana , Jamil Hafsah , Chavez Eric , Carmichael Jason , Ruiz Kaylee M. , Miller Christine , Benke Sarah , Perrot Rosalie , Hockley Maryam , Murphy Kady , Casillan Aimiel , Radanovich Lily , Deforest Roger , Nunes Mark E. , Galarreta‐Aima Carolina , Sidlow Richard , Einhorn Yaron , Woods Jeremy
Published: January 2024

Data science methodologies can be utilized to ascertain and analyze clinical genetic data that is often unstructured and rarely used outside of patient encounters. Genetic variants from all genetic testing resulting to a large pediatric healthcare system for a 5‐year period were obtained and reinterpreted utilizing the previously validated Franklin© Artificial Intelligence (AI). Using PowerBI©, the data were further matched to patients in the electronic healthcare record to associate with demographic data to generate a variant data table and mapped by ZIP codes. Three thousand and sixty‐five variants were identified and 98% were matched to patients with geographic data. Franklin© changed the interpretation for 24% of variants. One hundred and fifty‐six clinically actionable variant reinterpretations were made. A total of 739 Mendelian genetic disorders were identified with disorder prevalence estimation. Mapping of variants demonstrated hot‐spots for pathogenic genetic variation such as PEX6‐associated Zellweger Spectrum Disorder. Seven patients were identified with Bardet‐Biedl syndrome and seven patients with Rett syndrome amenable to newly FDA‐approved therapeutics. Utilizing readily available software we developed a database and Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) methodology enabling us to systematically reinterpret variants, estimate variant prevalence, identify conditions amenable to new treatments, and localize geographies enriched for pathogenic variants.
Perovskite Single Crystals with Self‐Cleaning Surface for Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Nianqiao , Li Ning , Jiang Changke , Lv Mingxuan , Wu Jinming , Chen Zhaolai
Published: January 2024

Metal halide perovskite single crystals are promising for diverse optoelectronic applications. As a universal issue of solution‐grown perovskite single crystals, surface contamination causes adverse effect on material properties and device performance. Herein, learning from the self‐cleaning effect of lotus leaf, we address the surface contamination issue by introducing an amphiphilic long‐chain organic amine into the perovskite crystal growth solution. Self‐assembly of CTAC provides a hydrophobic crystal surface, inducing spontaneous removal of residual growth solution, which results in clean surface and better optoelectronic properties of perovskite single crystals. An impressive efficiency of 23.4 % is obtained, setting a new record for FAxMA1‐xPbI3 single‐crystal perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, our strategy also applies to perovskite single crystals with different morphology and composition, which may contribute to improvement of other single‐crystal perovskite optoelectronic devices.
A foundational description of Antilocapra americana pronghorn core osteohistology
Authors: Slenker Katherine W. , Woodward Holly N. , O'Brien Haley D.
Published: January 2024

Cranial bony projections (“headgear”) have diverse forms and functions, such as defense, species recognition, mate selection, and thermoregulation. Most commonly, they are associated with the artiodactyl infraorder, Pecora. All pecoran headgear—antlers, horns, ossicones, and pronghorns—are osseous protrusions of the frontal or parietal bone with an integumentary covering, although there is taxonomic, developmental, and compositional variation. However, compared with other pecorans, there is a dearth of literature addressing extant antilocaprids—Antilocapra americana. This study provides a foundational osteohistological description of A. americana pronghorn cores in order to start building a framework to better understand the complex interplay among microanatomy, development, behavior, environment, and phylogenetic history of pronghorn headgear. Osteohistological analysis of adult A. americana pronghorn cores reveal the inner medullary region is composed of trabecular bone. Based on similar studies in bovids, we propose that these trabeculae may function to reduce the effects of repeated loading incurred by intraspecific combat. The deep aspect of the outer region was found to be composed of compacted coarse cancellous bone and primary bone remodeled to dense Haversian bone, in both male and female specimens, respectively, and superficially composed of highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone. The presence of fibrolamellar bone may indicate that the bone is fast‐growing, and its presence at the periosteal surface suggests protracted growth of the pronghorn core beyond sexual maturity.
Weight Loss for Patients With Gout and Concomitant Obesity: A Proof‐of‐Concept Randomized Trial
Authors: Christensen Robin , Zobbe Kristian , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Stamp Lisa K. , Henriksen Marius , Overgaard Anders F. , Dreyer Lene , Knop Filip K. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Doherty Michael , Richette Pascal , Astrup Arne , Ellegaard Karen , Bartels Else M. , Boesen Mikael , Gudbergsen Henrik , Bliddal Henning , Kristensen Lars Erik
Published: January 2024

Objective

Despite scarce evidence, guidelines recommend weight loss as a management strategy for patients with gout. We investigated the effect of an intensive dietary intervention on body weight and clinical measures of gout severity in individuals with obesity and gout.

Methods

We conducted a 16‐week randomized nonmasked parallel‐group trial in Denmark, randomly assigning (one‐to‐one) individuals with obesity and gout to a low‐energy diet or a control diet. The primary outcome was change in body weight. Key secondary outcomes were changes in serum urate (SU) level and visual analog scale–assessed pain and fatigue.

Results

Between December 1, 2018, and June 1, 2019, 61 participants were included in the intention‐to‐treat population and randomly assigned to the intensive diet group (n = 29) or control diet group (n = 32). Participants had a mean age of 60.3 (SD 9.9) years and mean body mass index of 35.6 (SD 5.0), and 59 (97%) were men. After 16 weeks, there was a significant difference in change in body weight between the diet and control groups (−15.4 vs −7.7 kg; difference −7.7 kg [95% confidence interval −10.7 to −4.7], P < 0.001). Despite results being potentially in favor of a low‐energy diet, we could not confirm differences in SU level changes and fatigue between groups. No differences in pain and gout flares were observed between groups. No serious adverse events or deaths occurred during the trial.

Conclusion

An intensive dietary intervention was safe and effectively lowered body weight in people with obesity and gout, but the weight loss did not directly translate into effects on SU level, fatigue, and pain.
Meaning and lived experience of Iranian COVID‐19 survivors: A phenomenological study
Authors: Hasani‐Moghadam Sedigheh , Vedadhir Abou Ali , Alijani Fatemeh , Azizi Marzieh , Khani Soghra
Published: January 2024

Background

The Coronavirus (COVID‐19) is among the most contagious diseases worldwide. During the first peak of the illness, COVID‐19 was considered a considerable crisis for survivors. This qualitative study explored the meaning and lived experience of Iranian COVID‐19 survivors. This qualitative study was conducted in Iran sometime after the onset of the coronavirus in 2020.

Methods

This interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was performed on twenty survivors of COVID‐19 disease, recruited through the purposeful sampling method via in‐depth semistructured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and several codes were extracted. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software (v. 12).

Results

The main themes and subthemes obtained from the data analysis included (1)Taboo and stigma: COVID‐19 as a monster, feelings of social exclusion and loneliness, an obvious sign of shamelessness and maltreatment, (2)God's predestination: God's will and test, COVID‐19 as a wake‐up call to remind low human power, (3)Shadow of death: The fear of death after positive test results, death is closer than the jugular vein, the mourning of a loved one's death, and mourning for an untimely death, (4)Caregivers as an angel: Family as an unrepentant supportive, know the level of family love and attention, and (5)Rebirth and new life: understand the higher value of health and pay more attention to self‐care behavior, and God gives us a golden chance to experience a better life.

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, COVID‐19 survivors experience various issues regarding the nature of the disease, coping with the illness, and their social and psychological status affected by COVID‐19. Considering the multidimensional supportive programs, increasing public awareness and changing negative attitudes toward the patients and survivors of the pandemic for better rehabilitation and adjustment is essential.
Mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with neurodegenerative diseases and perceived family caregiver burden in Lima, Peru
Authors: Diaz Monica M. , Bailey Maisie , Garcia Bettsie , Aguilar Ximena R. , Sanchez Danilo Coronel
Published: January 2024

Background

Neurodegenerative diseases lead to difficulties with functional activities. In Peru, most caregivers are family members. Little is known about the COVID‐19 pandemic's effect on caregivers in Peru.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional, prospective study of family caregivers of dependent patients with dementia or Parkinson's Disease in Lima, Peru. A caregiver burden and mental health questionnaire was administered to the caregiver.

Results

We enrolled 48 caregivers (65% females, mean ± SD age 49.0 ± 12.3 years); 70% of patients had dementia. Nearly 40% of caregivers reported having full‐time jobs, and 82% felt overwhelmed with almost 75% dedicating more time to caregiving during the pandemic. Caregivers perceived patients felt lonelier (52%), had an increase in hallucinations (50%), or forgetfulness (71%) compared to pre‐pandemic.

Conclusions

Our study highlights that perceived caregiver burden and patient behavioral symptoms may have been exacerbated during the pandemic. In countries such as Peru, more caregiving resources and interventions are needed.
Reported history of childhood trauma, mentalizing deficits, and hypersomnia in adulthood: A mediational analysis in a nonclinical sample
Authors: Kalantar‐Hormozi Bessat , Mohammadkhani Shahram
Published: January 2024

Background and objective

Existing research has confirmed the link between childhood trauma and poor sleep quality in adulthood. This study focused on the relationship between childhood trauma and hypersomnia specifically, which is understudied. Additionally, childhood maltreatment has been related to mentalizing deficits. The current study examined the role of mentalizing deficits as mediators between childhood trauma and hypersomnia.

Method

The study sample of this cross‐sectional study consisted of 496 individuals, who participated in the online survey, which contained the following measures: Persian version of the Mini Sleep Questionnaire, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ‐8), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

Results

The results from structural equation modeling indicated that emotional abuse positively predicts hypersomnia. Mediation analysis confirmed that hypo‐mentalizing partially mediates the association between emotional abuse and hypersomnia.

Conclusion

The present study provides primary evidence that experiencing emotional abuse during childhood is associated with hypersomnia in adulthood. This association underlines the importance of prevention. The result from mediation analysis suggests addressing mentalizing impairments in patients with hypersomnia and a history of emotional abuse may be helpful.
Bullous pemphigoid, malignant acanthosis nigricans, and erysipeloid carcinoma in a woman with gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Al‐Zahawi Saman , Sadeghi Yasaman , Azhari Vahidesadat , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Bullous pemphigoid did not follow the course of Gastric Carcinoma relapse and remisson, unlike the malignant acanthosis nigricans which was in alignment with the paraneoplastic effect of the Gastric Carcinoma.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatosis characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented, velvety cutaneous thickening in the flexural areas, posterior neck, and occasionally the extensor surfaces of hand, face, and oral mucosa. AN is commonly associated with insulin resistance, drugs, and rarely internal malignancy (malignant AN). Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by tense blisters involving the skin of mainly elderly patients. The association of BP and malignancy is not well established and the co‐existence of BP with AN has not been reported. Here we report a 58‐year‐old, event‐free gastric adenocarcinoma with three types of skin findings with different pathogenesis‐ BP, malignant AN, and erysipelas‐like metastasis.
Iron‐group Metal Compound Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Production: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Wang Haojing , Su Rui , Liu Yuanyuan , Kong Yun , Ren Zijing , Jiang Bin
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting is a very potential technology in hydrogen production at present. In particular, iron‐group metal compound electrocatalysts are promising materials for electrochemical water splitting due to high catalytic activity, good electrical conductivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application of such catalysts was hindered for a long time due to low efficiency and poor long‐term stability. The introduction of metal/non‐metal or the preparation of heterostructures in the catalyst can enhance conductivity, accelerate charge transfer, and improve the stability of the catalyst. In this paper, we summarise recent research progress about iron‐group metal compound electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and overall water‐splitting, briefly discuss the remaining challenges in this field of research, and make suggestions for the preparation of future electrocatalysts.
Nano‐Au‐decorated hierarchical porous cobalt sulfide derived from ZIF‐67 toward optimized oxygen evolution catalysis: Important roles of microstructures and electronic modulation
Authors: Gong Hongyu , Sun Guanliang , Shi Wenhua , Li Dongwei , Zheng Xiangjun , Shi Huan , Liang Xiu , Yang Ruizhi , Yuan Changzhou
Published: January 2024

Enhancing both the number of active sites available and the intrinsic activity of Co‐based electrocatalysts simultaneously is a desirable goal. Herein, a ZIF‐67‐derived hierarchical porous cobalt sulfide decorated by Au nanoparticles (NPs) (denoted as HP‐Au@CoxSy@ZIF‐67) hybrid is synthesized by low‐temperature sulfuration treatment. The well‐defined macroporous–mesoporous–microporous structure is obtained based on the combination of polystyrene spheres, as‐formed CoxSy nanosheets, and ZIF‐67 frameworks. This novel three‐dimensional hierarchical structure significantly enlarges the three‐phase interfaces, accelerating the mass transfer and exposing the active centers for oxygen evolution reaction. The electronic structure of Co is modulated by Au through charge transfer, and a series of experiments, together with theoretical analysis, is performed to ascertain the electronic modulation of Co by Au. Meanwhile, HP‐Au@CoxSy@ZIF‐67 catalysts with different amounts of Au were synthesized, wherein Au and NaBH4 reductant result in an interesting “competition effect” to regulate the relative ratio of Co2+/Co3+, and moderate Au assists the electrochemical performance to reach the highest value. Consequently, the optimized HP‐Au@CoxSy@ZIF‐67 exhibits a low overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and a Tafel slope of 42 mV dec–1 for OER in 0.1 M aqueous KOH, enabling efficient water splitting and Zn–air battery performance. The work here highlights the pivotal roles of both microstructural and electronic modulation in enhancing electrocatalytic activity and presents a feasible strategy for designing and optimizing advanced electrocatalysts.
Extraction Of LiCl From Low‐Purity Chlorides Through Solid Electrolyte Towards High‐Purity Li2CO3 Production
Authors: Lei Chong , Lang Jialiang , Wang Kuangyu , Liu Kai , Jin Yang , Wu Hui
Published: January 2024

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) plays a crucial role in advancing state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for efficient energy storage. The primary source of lithium is lithium‐rich brines, which have complex compositions. Conventional extraction processes from brines involve cumbersome methods that often lead to emissions and/or large volumes of wastewater. To address these environmental challenges, a novel and eco‐friendly lithium extraction process under ambient pressure is necessary. In this project, we developed an electrolytic process utilizing a NASICON‐type solid‐state electrolyte (LATP) to extract lithium chloride from low‐purity sources at a temperature of 380 °C. To reduce the melting points of the lithium sources, ZnCl2 was introduced as a fluxing agent. The electrolytic process effectively separated Li+ from other coexisting ions, but resulted in their mixture with Zn2+. Subsequently, purification and carbonation processes were employed to produce high‐purity Li2CO3 (98.9 %). We also obtained high‐purity Zn(OH)2 (>99.9 %) as a value by‐product. Despite the formation of color centers that caused the LATP disk to change from white to black during the electrolytic process, it exhibited sufficient ionic conductivity for successful lithium extraction. Our environmentally friendly approach offers a promising pathway for efficient and sustainable lithium extraction, contributing to the advancement of LIB technology for energy storage applications.
2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
Authors:   Authors/Task Force Members:, McDonagh Theresa A. , Metra Marco , Adamo Marianna , Gardner Roy S. , Baumbach Andreas , Böhm Michael , Burri Haran , Butler Javed , Čelutkienė Jelena , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cleland John G.F. , Crespo‐Leiro Maria Generosa , Farmakis Dimitrios , Gilard Martine , Heymans Stephane , Hoes Arno W. , Jaarsma Tiny , Jankowska Ewa A. , Lainscak Mitja , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lyon Alexander R. , McMurray John J.V. , Mebazaa Alexandre , Mindham Richard , Muneretto Claudio , Francesco Piepoli Massimo , Price Susanna , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ruschitzka Frank , Skibelund Anne Kathrine ,   ESC Scientific Document Group
Published: January 2024

Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Co‐ordinator) (Netherlands), P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Co‐ordinator) (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Jozef Bartunek (Belgium), Johann Bauersachs (Germany), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Elisabetta Cerbai (Italy), Erwan Donal (France), Frank Edelmann (Germany), Gloria Färber (Germany), Bettina Heidecker (Germany), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Lars Køber (Denmark), Konstantinos C. Koskinas (Switzerland), Josep Masip (Spain), John William McEvoy (Ireland), Robert Mentz (United States of America), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Jacob Eifer Møller (Denmark), Wilfried Mullens (Belgium), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Agnes A. Pasquet (Belgium), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Leyla Elif Sade (United States of America/Türkiye), Hannah Schaubroeck (Belgium), Elena Tessitore (Switzerland), Mariya Tokmakova (Bulgaria), Peter van der Meer (Netherlands), Isabelle C. Van Gelder (Netherlands), Mattias Van Heetvelde (Belgium), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), Matthias Wilhelm (Switzerland), Adam Witkowski (Poland), and Katja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands)

All experts involved in the development of this Focused Update have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and simultaneously published in a supplementary document to the Focused Update. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines

See the European Heart Journal online for supplementary documents that include evidence tables.
Reactivity of an Iron Carbonyl Dianion Dictated by a Lewis Basic Appendant
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Guo Xueying , Chu Jiaxiang
Published: January 2024

Studies toward transition metals in negative oxidation states are much less explored compared to those in zero or positive oxidation states. In this study, we present the synthesis and reactivity studies of an Fe(‐II) carbonyl dianion (3) featuring an appended Lewis base, [(L)Fe(CO)3]2− (L=Ph2PCH2CH2NMe2). Unlike the well‐known reactivity of [Fe(CO)4]2− with common electrophiles (E+) which typically forms [(E)2Fe(CO)4], 3 reacted with 2 equiv. of Ph3SnCl to afford a mixture of two products: one being an Fe(II) bis(triphenylstannyl) product (4), and the other an Fe stannylene product (5). Further insights into the reactivity of 3 was elucidated through its reactions with 2 equiv. of Cy3SnCl or Me3SiCl, producing an Fe(II) bis(tricyclohexylstannyl) product (8) and a zwitterionic complex (11), respectively, the latter emerging via THF ring‐opening. Intermediates generated from reactions of 3 with 1 equiv. of each electrophile were isolated to shed light on the reaction mechanisms, highlighting the influence of appended Lewis base on the reactivity of metal carbonyl dianions, especially the generation of the novel stannylene complex 5. The electronic structure of this paramagnetic stannylene complex was also investigated by computational studies.
Well‐Dispersed Polydopamine In Situ Coated Lithium Montmorillonite Nanofillers Composite Polyethylene Oxide‐Based Solid Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Tian Xinpeng , Zou Shufen , Lv Ruihua , Liu Jingbin , Na Bing , Zhang Shuang , Zeng Rong
Published: January 2024

In lithium batteries, composite solid electrolytes gain their reputation owing to their great safety, excellent mechanical properties, and remarkably improved electrochemical performance. Herein, composite polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based solid electrolytes with well‐dispersed in situ polydopamine‐coated lithium montmorillonite (PDA@LiMMT) nanofillers are successfully fabricated. The involvement of PDA@LiMMT retards significantly the crystallization of PEO, addressing a manifest enhancement in the ionic conductivity of the modified composite solid electrolyte. A conducive ionic conductivity value of 3.06 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C is reached, while the electrochemical window widens to 4.7 V. The assembled Li/solid polymer electrolytes/LiFePO4 battery exhibits a 158.2 mA h g−1 high discharge specific capacity at a current density of 0.5C; besides, the capacity retention rate keeps 86% after 200 cycles. The enhancement of the cycle stability of the solid‐state batteries highlights the excellent interfacial stability between the modified solid electrolytes and the lithium electrode, which originates from lithiophilicity of PDA.
Productivity enhancement techniques for tubular solar still—A review
Authors: Sambare Ritesh Krishna , Dewangan Satish Kumar , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Joshi Sandeep
Published: January 2024

Access to safe drinking water remains a global challenge, primarily due to the prevalence of water contamination in various regions. Numerous methods have been explored to address this issue and convert polluted water into potable sources. However, the cost associated with these methods often hinders their widespread adoption. Solar distillation, harnessed by abundant solar energy, emerges as a promising and sustainable solution. Although solar distillation technology has made significant advancements in recent years, the endeavor to boost its efficiency remains a substantial challenge. Typically, solar stills yield between 4 and 6 liters of fresh water per square meter of solar still per day under ideal circumstances. Notably, both single‐basin and double‐basin solar stills have been extensively researched to discover methods for enhancing their productivity. A notable innovation in this field, the tubular solar still (TSS), has gained recognition for its capacity to improve productivity. The present review article systematically examines the development of efficient and cost‐effective solar distillation systems on a global scale. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to techniques employed to enhance TSS performance. The study categorizes these techniques, conducts in‐depth evaluations of both experimental and simulation studies, and offers a meticulous comparison of various strategies to optimize TSS functionality. Furthermore, the article identifies existing research gaps and puts forth prospective directions for advancing TSS efficiency.
A 3E analysis of a multi‐power generation system employing CO2, LNG, and Organic Rankine cycles
Authors: Dadpour Daryoush , Deymi‐Dashtebayaz Mahdi , Delpisheh Mostafa , Naghibi Fard Seyed Ali
Published: January 2024

One avenue in increasing the energy efficiency of energy systems is through utilizing the thermal energy of flue gases of industrial plants. On this thread, herein, a novel combined cascade cycle for heat recovery of flue gases of an industrial plant is proposed comprising of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), high‐pressure transcritical CO2 cycle, transcritical CO2 cycle, and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification cycle. System analysis is conducted using energy, exergy, and eco‐exergy equations. The optimization is carried out using the TOPSIS multi‐objective method. Exergy efficiency, net output work, and cost are identified as the optimization objectives. The optimization process focused on fine‐tuning variables including the vapor generator pinch point temperature, ORC turbine inlet pressure, ORC condenser pressure, and ORC condenser pinch point temperature, with optimal values gauged at 19.31°C, 29.59 bar, 1.413 bar, and 14.52°C, respectively. The preheater had the largest exergy destruction share, followed by the heat exchanger unit. The analysis showed that the ORC condenser pressure and temperature difference between two working fluids in the heat exchanger were the most critical parameters in the proposed cycle, significantly affecting the system performance. Accordingly, the exergy efficiency, net output work, and cost values in the optimal state were equal to 15.2%, 6416 kW, and 0.7457 $/s, respectively. The advantages of the proposed system include efficient heat recovery through the coupling of the multiple cycles and enhanced energy conversion pertinent to a wider range of temperatures, maximizing the overall energy extraction from the waste heat.
Forecasting carbon price using signal processing technology and extreme gradient boosting optimized by the whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Duan Yonghui , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Xiang , Feng Mengdan , Ma Lanlan
Published: January 2024

Predicting carbon prices is crucial for the growth of China's carbon trading industry. This paper proposes a residual correction model that considers multiple influencing factors. First, the best historical data and main external factors input by the model are determined by using the partial autocorrelation function and Spearman correlation analysis, and the carbon price forecasting index system is constructed. Second, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is utilized to determine the optimal parameters of the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and the WOA‐XGBoost model is built to perform preliminary carbon price forecasts and obtain the residual series. Finally, the carbon price residual series undergoes decomposition into multiple components utilizing the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition for subsequent forecasting and the aggregation of outcomes. Experiments are conducted to predict two carbon trading markets in Hubei and Guangzhou, and a feature importance analysis is performed. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid model consistently outperforms the comparative models in terms of prediction accuracy. Furthermore, it is revealed that historical carbon prices and European Union carbon prices are the key factors influencing the prediction of carbon market prices.
A novel energy optimization framework to enhance the performance of sensor nodes in Industry 4.0
Authors: Sivakumar Sangeetha , Logeshwaran Jaganathan , Kannadasan Raju , Faheem Muhammad , Ravikumar Dhanasekar
Published: January 2024

Industry 4.0 is a term used to refer to the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the introduction of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, and artificial intelligence (AI). As the number of connected devices in industrial settings grows, energy optimization of such sensors becomes increasingly essential. This paper proposes an energy optimization framework for sensor nodes in Industry 4.0. The framework is based on energy efficiency, energy conservation, and energy harvesting principles. It is designed to optimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes while maintaining their performance. The framework includes dynamic power management, scheduling, and harvesting techniques to reduce energy consumption while maintaining performance. In addition, the framework provides a comprehensive approach to energy optimization, including advanced analytics and AI to predict energy consumption and optimize energy use. The proposed model reached 96.93% sensitivity, 91.36% false discovery rate, 11.28% false omission rate, 90.12% prevalence threshold, and 91.24% threat score. The proposed framework is expected to improve the performance of sensor nodes in Industry 4.0, enabling increased efficiency and cost savings.
Thirteen‐gene DNA methylation analysis of oral brushing samples: A potential surveillance tool for periodic monitoring of treated patients with oral cancer
Authors: Gissi Davide B. , Rossi Roberto , Lenzi Jacopo , Tarsitano Achille , Gabusi Andrea , Balbi Tiziana , Montebugnoli Lucio , Marchetti Claudio , Foschini Maria Pia , Morandi Luca
Published: January 2024

Background

We evaluated the prognostic role of 13‐gene DNA methylation analysis by oral brushing repeatedly performed during the follow‐up of patients surgically treated for oral cancer.

Methods

This is a nested case–control study including 61 patients for a total of 64 outcomes (2/61 patients experienced multiple relapses). Samples were collected at baseline (4–10 months after OSCC resection) and repeatedly every 4–10 months until relapse or death. DNA methylation scores were classified as persistently positive, persistently negative, or mixed.

Results

Twenty cases who had persistently positive scores and 30 cases with mixed scores had, respectively, an almost 42‐fold (p < 0.001) and 32‐fold (p = 0.006) higher likelihood of relapse, compared to 14 patients with persistently negative scores. The last score before reoccurrence was positive in 18/19 secondary events.

Conclusions

The 13‐gene DNA methylation analysis may be considered for the surveillance of patients treated for oral carcinoma.
Assessing the status of oral health integration in South East Asian Regional Office countries' Universal Health Coverage–A scoping review
Authors: Acharya Shashidhar , Mathur Manu Raj , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar , Brand Angela
Published: January 2024

Background

Oral diseases affect close to 3.5 billion people worldwide and there has been a call by the World Health Organization (WHO) to integrate oral health into the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) agenda.

Objectives

To collate and synthesise information regarding the status of integration of oral health into the health systems covered by UHC across the 11 countries in the South East Asian Regional Office.

Methods

Drawing on the framework of the six building blocks of health systems as devised by WHO, we compared the public dental care coverage models, with a focus on outpatient dental care in these countries. We gathered this information from publicly available resources, databases and peer‐reviewed publications to populate the template guided by the WHO Health System Building Blocks.

Results

We found a poor access to oral health care, lopsided distribution of manpower, rickety health information systems, and private sector domination and inadequate or absent financing mechanisms for outpatient procedures. The private sector was dominant in all countries except Thailand and Srilanka. Financing was absent in most countries and deficient in Thailand and Indonesia. Dental workforce was deficient in most countries except India, Srilanka, and Thailand. Health information systems were weak with no dental items under price control. Better UHC indicators did not guarantee a lower oral disease burden.

Conclusions

Our review highlighted the close connection between service quality and human resources, governance, and finance. There is a need to establish standardised dental treatment guidelines that are uniformly adopted across countries, integrate oral health into national health and development programs, push for functional oral health research through collecting robust surveillance, economic, and social impact data and the development of cost‐effective strategies tailored to each country's unique needs.
Cross‐border buyout exit success
Authors: Tian Siyang
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the importance of institutional contexts in cross‐border buyout exit success. After tracking 2639 cross‐border buyout investments during 1998–2007 in 38 countries and regions as of 2016, I find that the higher the institutional quality of the country where the portfolio company is located, the higher the probability of a successful exit via IPO or M&A. The larger the institutional distance between the portfolio company country and the private equity (PE) firm country, the lower the exit success, while PE firms' international experience, industrial experience, and reputation help improve exit success. Further, their industrial experience and the establishment of a local office mitigate the adverse effects of institutional distance.