bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Colorimetric Method for the Typing of Coxsackie Viruses of Group B and Certain Members of Group A
Authors: Schmidt Nathalie J. , Midulla Mario , Lennette Edwin H.
Published: January 2023

Discussion and Summary

Preliminary inquiries indicate that the colorimetric method described here is useful for the identification of Coxsackie viruses belonging to group B and may also prove useful for identification of types 11, 13, 15 and 18 of group A. Tissue culture isolates of group A viruses were not available for evaluation of the procedure, but experimental typing of laboratory passage strains gave clear-cut results and no evidence of cross-neutralization.

The colorimetric identification test was applied to a total of 112 Coxsackie viruses isolated in monkey kidney cell cultures over a 2-year period. All 16 strains of type B-3, and all 66 strains of type B-5 were identified colorimetrically from the monkey kidney material. Nine of the 16 type B-2 strains, and 3 of the 8 type B-4 strains were presumptively identified from kidney material; however, after a single passage in FL cells, all of the type B-2 and type B-4 strains gave sharp colorimetric end points and were typed with facility.

The method was also applied to the identification of 24 completely unknown viruses recovered from throat washings in HeLa cell cultures. Seven of these agents were promptly identified as Coxsackie viruses of the B group, and 17 others were not neutralized by any of the Coxsackie virus immune sera used. Of this Coxsackie-negative group, 10 viruses were later identified as herpes simplex, and 7 still remain unidentified.

Passage into FL cells of isolates which cannot be identified from monkey kidney cultures may actually constitute a useful step in the identification of these agents, since those which fail to cause cytopathogenic changes in the FL cells may then be examined in monkey kidney cell cultures against Coxsackie type A-9 immune sera, ECHO virus immune sera, or immune sera against other agents known to cause degeneration in monkey kidney cells but not in HeLa or FL cells (the latter 2 cell types appear to have a similar range of viral susceptibilities). Isolates which cause degeneration in FL cells may then be retested in the colorimetric scheme. The simplicity of testing an isolate by the colorimetric method and relatively high dilutions, at which immune sera may be employed, make repetition of the test a simple and inexpensive procedure.

Although a colorimetric identification scheme employing monkey kidney cells might serve to identify Coxsackie group B viruses without the need for passage into FL cells, the colorimetric system employing FL cells has the advantage of conserving available monkey kidney cells for virus isolation work and, in addition, the system may be utilized for identification of four of the group A Coxsackie viruses (types 11, 13, 15 and 18) which do not multiply in monkey kidney cells.
Identification of the Nuclear Component of the Interaction of Lupus Erythematosus Globulin and Nuclei
Authors: Friou George J. , Santarsiero Carmela
Published: January 2023

Summary and Conclusions

Using the fluorescent antibody technique, it has been shown that the factor in lupus serum which reacts with nuclei also reacts with deoxyribonucleoprotein (nucleohistone) from calf or rabbit thymus and with artificial complexes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with histone. A technique for titration of the affinity of serums for nucleohistone has been devised. Use of this method has demonstrated the presence of the factor in all lupus serums tested, regardless of results of the lupus erythematosus (LE) test. By absorption of lupus serum with nucleohistone it was possible to remove the affinity for nucleohistone and the capacity to induce the LE phenomenon, suggesting that the 2 effects may be due to 1 factor. The broad species range of the reaction has been confirmed by this improved technique.
The Effects of Thiamine Deficiency on Some Physiologic Factors, Phagocytosis and Susceptibility to Infection
Authors: Wertman Kenneth , Groh Margaret
Published: January 2023

Male white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were maintained on a well-defined diet deficient in thiamine, and a) various physiologic factors of importance to infection, b) phagocytosis and c) susceptibility to infection were studied. Adequate numbers of inanition and ad libitum control animals were included. The following physiologic factors were studied: a) the cellular composition of the peripheral blood, b) complement activity, c) cellular migration in inflammation, d) the cellular composition of the exudate in inflammation and e) “leukotaxine” activity.

The following observations were made from these studies: No change was noted in the total leucocyte count in the peripheral blood. An increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was evident in the thiamine deficient and inanition controls. Differential cell counts of the blood leucocytes of the vitamin deficient and inanition controls showed an absolute and relative increase in polymorphonuclear cells and a reduction in the percentage of lymphocytes.Complement activity of the sera of the thiamine deficient rats was less than either the inanition or ad libitum control rats.There was a marked decrease (50%) in the total number of leucocytes in the peritoneal exudates of the thiamine deficient animals when inflammation was established.A relative granulocytosis with an absolute decrease was observed in the exudates removed from the inflamed areas of the deficient animals as compared with the controls.No alteration in capillary permeability, as measured by the Menkin dye accumulation technique, was noted in any group.Thiamine deficiency had no apparent effect on the capacity of the leucocyte to phagocytize Diplococcus pneumoniae. Phagocytosis was approximately the same in all groups of animals.Thiamine deficient animals were highly susceptible to D. pneumoniae. However, after receiving 40 μg of thiamine daily for seven days, they were able to resist the invasion and infection.The reduced complement activity and cellular migration to the site of inflammation suggest that these significant factors play a role in the inability of a thiamine deficient animal to resist bacterial infection.
The Alteration of Bacterial Endotoxins by Human and Rabbit Serum
Authors: Stauch John E. , Johnson Arthur G.
Published: January 2023

Incubation of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin in normal human and rabbit serum was found to alter the precipitating activity of the endotoxin. By quantitative techniques, it was demonstrated that the extent of alteration is a function of time and temperature of incubation, pH and concentration of serum and endotoxin. The serum factor appeared to be relatively stable at 56°C. Evidence was presented that eliminated the properdin system as responsible for the alteration. The characteristics of this reaction are discussed.
Biologic Activity of Soluble Antigen-Antibody Complexes
Authors: Ishizaka Kimishige , Ishizaka Teruko , Campbell Dan H.
Published: January 2023

The skin activity of soluble antigen-antibody complexes depends on the properties of the antibody rather than the antigen. The complexes composed of rabbit antibody and homologous antigen are skin reactive, irrespective of whether the antigen is protein, polysaccharide or synthetic dye hapten, whereas the complexes composed of either horse antibody or chicken antibody and homologous antigen are not toxic. The simple hapten-antibody complex and the SII-anti-SII complex do not have skin activity even though rabbit antibody is used. Complement fixability of the soluble complexes depends on the properties of the antibodies and on their composition. The complexes of rabbit antibodies fix complement, whereas the complexes of either horse antibody or chicken antibody do not. Also, it became obvious that the complex composed of two BSA molecules and one rabbit antibody molecule (Ag2Ab) does not fix complement and that the Ag3Ab2 complex fixes much less complement, if any, than do the higher complexes. The complement fixability of the soluble complexes in vitro does not necessarily parallel their skin activity.
Biologic Activity of Soluble Antigen-Antibody Complexes
Authors: Ishizaka Kimishige , Campbell Dan H.
Published: January 2023

Both the skin reaction with BSA-anti-BSA complexes and sensitization with rabbit antibody in the PCA reaction are inhibited by normal rabbit γ-globulin and human γ-globulin. Neither horse γ-globulin nor chicken γ-globulin has any inhibitory effect in either type of reaction. Heterologous skin reactive antigen-antibody complex blocks the sensitization of guinea pig skin with antibody in the PCA reaction. Some inactive complexes of antigen-antibody systems; e.g., the Ag2Ab complex of the BSA system, the R-anti-R complex and the diphtheria toxoid-horse antitoxin complex, inhibit the skin reaction with active complexes and block the sensitization with heterologous antibody in the PCA reaction. Other inactive complexes such as the SII-rabbit anti-SII complex and human γ-globulin-chicken anti-HGG complex do not. The data suggest that the combination of the soluble complexes with the tissue constituent(s), to which the antibody combines upon sensitization, is one of the necessary processes of the skin reaction induced by antigen-antibody complexes. A tentative hypothesis concerning the mechanism of the skin reaction is presented.
Analysis of Serum from Lethally Irradiated Mice Treated with Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: Gengozian Nazareth
Published: January 2023

Interfacial tests for rat and mouse serum proteins with specific antiserum reagents on serum samples obtained from lethally irradiated mice 12–55 days after RBM treatment showed negative reactions for rat-type protein and positive reactions for mouse-type proteins.

Double serum-agar diffusion tests on these same serum samples showed the presence of mouse serum globulins (lipo- and glycoprotein) and the absence of rat serum globulins.

Serum A/G ratios of these mice seemed to be correlated with the physical condition of the animal at the time of sacrifice; those in poor condition had a low serum A/G value, but those classified as in good condition had A/G values considerably higher, yet below the normal age controls.

The presence of rat-type proteins in the serum of long-term heterologous survivors was induced by exposure to a supralethal x-ray dose.

Immunization of long-term heterologous chimeras with sheep RBC antigen resulted in an increase of globulin proteins in the serum of three chimeras, as revealed by paper electrophoresis and biuret tests. Interfacial tests for rat-type protein on these serum samples before and after this immunization were negative, whereas tests for mouse proteins were positive.

The data were discussed in terms of the host versus graft destruction hypothesis.
Antigenicity of Polypeptides (Poly Alpha Amino Acids)
Authors: Maurer Paul H. , Subrahmanyam D. , Katchalski E. , Blout E. R.
Published: January 2023

The antigenicity in rabbits of various synthetic polypeptides has been studied. Employing both in vitro and in vivo tests for detecting antibody, it was shown that, of all the materials studied only the copolymer of glutamic acid and lysine (450–200B) was antigenic, and this was weakly so. The specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction and the future use of anticopolymer sera has been discussed.
Inhibition of the Effect of Cortisone on Antibody Formation by Heterologous Spleen Cells
Authors: Fagraeus Astrid , Berglund Kaare
Published: January 2023

This investigation is a study of the effect of heterologous spleen cells on antibody formation in cortisone-treated rats. The test object has been the hemolysin response in rats immunized by one intraperitoneal injection of sheep erythrocytes and given cortisone by a schedule leading to depression of antibody formation.

A single intraperitoneal injection of mouse spleen cells on the day of antigen injection significantly increased antibody formation in cortisone-treated rats. Washing of cells before injection did not influence the outcome. This restoring effect on antibody production could not be demonstrated when the cells were given in disintegrated form.

Absorption studies gave no evidence for a production of hemolysin by the transferred mouse cells. Neither did the profiles of the antibody curves indicate production of heterologous antibody globulin. Mechanisms by which the mouse cells may restore the host's own antibody forming capacity are discussed.
Chemical and Serological Characteristics of Blood Group Antibodies in the Abo and Rh Systems
Authors: Yokoyama M. , Finlayson J. S. , Suchinsky R. T. , Roberts N. E.
Published: January 2023

By means of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose utilizing elution with single, continuous gradients, blood group antibodies of the ABO system were separated into at least three regions, having extremely low, low, and high anionic binding capacities, respectively. This was true whether whole serum or Cohn Fraction II + III was chromatographed. Activity in the first region was associated with 6.6 S γ2-globulins; that in the second, with 6.6 S γ1-globulins; that in the third, with γ1-globulins of high sedimentation coefficient (probably 17.5 S, uncorrected) and a molecular weight of the order of 700,000. In all sera studied, most of the activity lay in the third region. This was particularly noticeable in group A and group B sera, in which activity in the first two regions was usually not detectable without prior concentration. This technique failed to separate the anti-A and anti-B activities of group O serum. Chromatography of whole sera showed that incomplete Rh antibodies were associated with 6.6 S γ-globulins of low anionic binding capacity, whereas complete Rh antibodies were associated with γ-globulins of high anionic binding capacity and (presumably) high molecular weight. Serum containing both types of antibodies exhibited activity in both chromatographic regions. In all cases, the active regions were wider when tested with homozygous R̄h0(-D-) cells than when tested with homozygous Rh0(D) cells.
A Comparison of Cytopathology Caused by Myxoviruses
Authors: Bader John P. , Morgan Herbert R.
Published: January 2023

The inhibition by metabolic analogues of the cytopathic effects of myxoviruses on HeLa and L cells indicates that the processes which lead to viral replication are responsible for cytopathology in these systems. Oxythiamine and desoxypyridoxine protected HeLa and L cells from the cytopathic action of PR8 influenza and mumps viruses. These vitamin analogues also inhibited the cytopathology caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in L cells, but destruction of HeLa cells by NDV was unaffected. In the systems in which protection was demonstrated, there was concomitant decrease in hemagglutinins and infectivity.

Although cortisone also protected the cells from the cytopathic action of the myxoviruses, the production of hemagglutinins and infectious units was unaffected, and release of virus from the infected cells was not inhibited.

Prior exposure of HeLa and L cells for 2 hr to heat-inactivated viruses protected the cells from the cytopathic action of active homologous or heterologous viruses. It appeared that receptor destruction was partly responsible for this protective action, but other factors were apparently involved, since interference was most pronounced in systems employing homologous inactive and active virus.

L cells surviving the original exposure to NDV or PR8 virus were subsequently resistant to the cytopathic action of the homologous or heterologous virus, but surviving HeLa cells were not. The resistance of the L cells appeared to be related to the presence of an interferon-like substance, but this resistance was lost on serial passage.
A Contribution to the Cellular and Humoral Theories of Anaphylaxis and Similar Processes
Authors: Kritchevsky I. L. , Birger O. G.
Published: January 2023

The present research is based upon the aspect of anaphylactic shock, as a physico-chemical phenomenon, elaborated in detail by one of us elsewhere. (1, 2, 3, 4, 13).

From this point of view, all the morbid symptoms characteristic of anaphylactic shock, and death itself, must be looked upon as the result of a change of the degree of dispersion of the colloids of the organism, and not as the result of a purely chemical affection, that is, poisoning in the usual meaning of the word.

Simultaneously, it has been shown that the clinical picture of the symptoms and the anatomical changes, pathognomonic of anaphylaxis, are brought about in the organism generally in the same circumstances in which in vitro the precipitation of a serum or the agglutination of erythrocytes occur; and it is immaterial whether this multiform effect is dependent upon previous immunization of the animals undergoing the experiment or whose serum is taken; or whether a substance is used in the production of which the animal experimented upon had taken no part.
Antibody Formation
Authors: Finkelstein Martin S. , Uhr Jonathan W.
Published: January 2023

Avidity of guinea pig antibodies to bacteriophage φX 174 was studied by means of the decision-tube and reactivation methods of Jerne and Avegno. The avidity of both γM and γG antibodies increased with time after immunization. γM antibody obtained 1 week after immunization usually had a higher avidity than γG antibody obtained 2 weeks after immunization. The possibility that the relatively high avidity of γM antibody is caused by multiple binding between a single phage particle and one γM antibody molecule is discussed.
Dilution Dependent Autoinhibition of Agglutination in Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera and Rabbit Anti-Human γG Antisera
Authors: Oreskes Irwin , Shore Bella
Published: January 2023

Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were titrated with human γG-immunoglobulin coated tanned sheep cells at six cell concentrations ranging from 0.125% to 2.0%. Double logarithmic plots of titer vs. cell concentration were linear. Fifteen of 21 cases (71%) yielded slopes greater than -1.0 reflecting an abnormally large decrease in titer with increasing cell concentration. Previous work (3) has shown that the abnormal titer decreases were due to an autoinhibitory component in the patient's own γG. In the present study it was found that increased slopes were independent of RF titer, duration of disease, or age of patient. Increased slopes were associated with a greater frequency of diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis as compared to nonrheumatoid disease.

Comparison of sera and synovial fluids derived from the same individual revealed identical slope values even when RF titers of both fluids differed appreciably.

Certain sera when studied with human and rabbit γG coated cells revealed elevated slopes in both test systems; others, only in the human system.

Block titration of rabbit antisera against purified human γG yielded normal -1.0 slopes in the initial bleedings. However, antisera obtained 3 to 4 weeks after initial immunization showed elevated slopes. This was true when agglutination titers were increasing, as well as when such titers were decreasing.

It is suggested that in RF sera at least, elevated slopes are due to a dilution dependent autoinhibition of agglutination which arises from the interaction between at least part of the patient's rheumatoid factor with his autologous γG.
Histological Manifestations of Cellular (Delayed) Hypersensitivity
Authors: Kolín Arnošt , Johanovský Jiří , Pekárek Jan
Published: January 2023

The histologic picture of tuberculin skin tests in guinea pigs sensitized passively by the transfer of spleen and lymph node cells from BCG-immunized guinea pigs was investigated. As early as 90 min following intradermal injection of PPD numerous necrotic foci of muscle fibers and frequently also lipophagic foci were observed in subcutaneous tissue. Similar changes were not found in reactions to corresponding doses of ovalbumin given to the same animals and in tuberculin tests made in recipients of nonsensitized cells. Muscle fiber necroses occurred without demonstrable participation of inflammatory infiltration, which developed later together with the paresis of subcutaneous venules. These histologic findings are viewed as supporting the hypothesis that the reaction of hypersensitive cells with antigen leads to tissue damage, which in turn constitutes the principal cause of the development of inflammatory changes which form the second (nonspecific) part of the reaction.
Effect of Merthiolate on Agar Gel Diffusion Precipitin Reactions with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Cowan K. M.
Published: January 2023

Merthiolate incorporated as a preservative into the agar used for the immunodiffusion analysis of FMDV and an infection-associated antigen caused the degradation of these components. The 140S virus particles were partially degraded to 12S protein subunits of the virus, and the precipitating activity of the infection-associated antigen was markedly reduced. Sodium azide had no deleterious effect on these antigenic components.

Fractions obtained from the ultracentrifugation of FMDV on CsCl density gradients were analyzed on both Merthiolate and sodium azide agar. Evidence was obtained that particles occurred which were antigenically identical to the virus, but differed with respect to their density and their sensitivity to Merthiolate.
Inhibition of Spleen Cell DNA Synthesis by Autologous Macrophages
Authors: Parkhouse R. M. E. , Dutton Richard W.
Published: January 2023

Addition of autologous alveolar or peritoneal macrophages to spleen cell suspensions in vitro led to an inhibition of DNA synthesis of control and antigen-stimulated cells. The inhibition was studied using alveolar macrophages and did not appear to depend on the release of a soluble factor, was serum independent, only occurred when both cell types were in intimate contact, and was not the result of consumption or degradation of essential medium ingredients. Neither sensitized macrophages nor polymorphs responded to secondary challenge by antigen, or treatment with phytohemagglutinin, in vitro. No inhibition of DNA synthesis resulted when autologous polymorphs were added to spleen cell cultures. Although homogenized alveolar macrophages were not inhibitory, attempts to obtain immunogenic material from macrophages preincubated with antigen were unsuccessful. Destruction of macrophages already present in the spleen cell suspensions by the addition of silica resulted in a small stimulation of DNA synthesis.
Normal Mouse Agglutinins for Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Kirshbom Isaac
Published: January 2023

Mouse agglutinins for human A, B and O erythrocytes and human agglutinins for mouse erythrocytes were described and their relationship to intestinal bacterial flora was discussed.

The mouse agglutinins for A erythrocytes are of two types. One appears only in female mice of some strains. The other agglutinin is not sex-linked and differs in specificity from that in the female. Both are 19S proteins present in the γ1-globulin fraction.

A sex-linked antigen, serologically related to human A substance, is present in the tissues of male C57BL/10 mice and to a lesser extent in tissues of male C3H mice. A possible relationship between this antigen and histocompatibility antigens is discussed.
Nature of the Immune Response to Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Authors: Fernald Gerald W. , Clyde Wallace A. , Denny Floyd W.
Published: January 2023

The nature of antibodies formed in the serum of rabbits and man following immunization or infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been studied using serologic and immunochemical techniques. Measurement of fluorescent-stainable (FA), complement-fixing (CF), tetrazolium reduction-inhibiting (TRI) and growth-inhibiting (GI) antibodies in immunized rabbits revealed that FA and CF antibodies appeared within 10 days and remained elevated for at least 90 days. TRI and GI antibodies appeared later and accumulated slowly, reaching maximum levels only after 30 days. The immunoglobulin composition of representative M. pneumoniae-immune rabbit sera was determined by gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic analysis. CF and GI antibodies were demonstrated in both 19S and 7S immunoglobulin fractions; 19S antibodies, present in early sera, declined as the 7S component became predominant.

Cold hemagglutinating (CHA), indirect-hemagglutinating (IHA), CF and GI antibody titers in adult patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia, followed up to 12 months, attained maximum levels sequentially. CHA peaked at 3 weeks, followed by IHA and CF at 3 to 4 weeks; GI titers peaked at 6 months. Characterization of the specific immunoglobulin composition of a series of convalescent human sera revealed the appearance of different biologic properties to be related to the relative content of IgM, IgA and IgG as a function of time.

These studies provide an explanation for the differences in results obtained by various serologic methods and provide criteria by which techniques may be selected for detection of antibodies according to the time that samples are collected in relation to illness or immunization.
Immunity to the 6C3HED Ascites Tumor Following Treatment of Tumor-Bearing Mice with Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase
Authors: Prager Morton D. , Roberts Joseph , Bachynsky Nicholas
Published: January 2023

Long-lived immunity to the 6C3HED ascites lymphosarcoma in C3H/HE mice following treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with Escherichia coli L-asparaginase has been observed. This tumor which had its origin in C3H mice is normally lethal for this strain. Immunity of C3H/HE mice was demonstrated by (1) tumor rejection, (2) neutralization of tumor cells by immune serum and lymphoid extract, and (3) in vitro cytotoxicity of the same preparations. Adsorption experiments with normal C3H/HE lymphatic cells and 6C3HED-OG tumor cells indicate that the immune response in C3H/HE mice is directed against an antigen unique for the tumor cells. This point was underscored by the decrease in cytotoxicity and neutralizing activity of immune C57BL serum following adsorption with normal C3H/HE lymphatic cells. In these mice the immune response was directed primarily against histoincompatibility antigens. When tumor-bearing C3H/HE mice were treated with 6-mercaptopurine and asparaginase, the primary immune response was blocked, and the mice were unable to reject a subsequent implant of 6C3HED cells. C3H/HE mice rendered immune to the 6C3HED-OG tumor following asparaginase therapy were also immune to the asparaginase-resistant 6C3HED-RG1 lymphosarcoma.
Response and Specificity of Anti-Shigella Rabbit Antibody
Authors: Tsuchiya T. , Fukazawa Y. , Shinoda T. , Okoshi T.
Published: January 2023

Antibodies produced by immunization of rabbits with Shigella flexneri 1b and 2a were demonstrated in both the IgM and IgG fractions of the serum.

A procedure for fractionation of antibodies by salting out followed by gel filtration and diethylaminoethyl column chromatography was found to be the best method for the purification and subfractionation of IgM and IgG from rabbit antiserum.

Studies on the specificities of the two types of immune globulins demonstrated a high specificity for the IgG and a low specificity for the IgM. The subfractions derived from each type, however, demonstrated almost the same reactive pattern notwithstanding that they were slightly different from each other chromatographically and electrophoretically. The antibody pattern for type specific antigen I was predominant in IgM, and that for group antigen 6 was predominant in IgG of the anti-Shigella flexneri 1b serum. The possible mechanism for the different specificities of the two types of antibodies was discussed.
Canine Immunoglobulins
Authors: Johnson John S. , Vaughan John H. , Swisher Scott N.
Published: January 2023

In the present report evidence is presented for the existence of antibody activities in each of six canine immunoglobulin classes. Among nine precipitating canine antisera to hemocyanin, bovine serum albumin or rabbit thyroglobulin, antibodies were evidenced in γ2a, γ2b and 7S γ1-immunoglobulins by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. An electrophoretically fast migrating non-precipitating canine anti-BSA antibody previously reported by Patterson et al. was found to consist entirely of 7S γ1. Among 15 canine anti-A sera, isohemagglutinins were found which reacted with each of the specific anti-immunoglobulins. In one serum from a lupus dog, anti-nuclear antibody was demonstrated among γ2a-, γ2b-, 7S γ1- and γM-immunoglobulins.
MANAGEMENT OF LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION BASED ON T-SPOT.TB ASSAY IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
Authors: Kiliacaslan Emrah , Canoglu Kadir
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: Patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) receiving chemotherapy for hematological malignancy (HM) are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) infection. The aim of this study is to show real-life data and results of the T-SPOT test and preventive isoniazid (INH) therapy in pre-chemotherapy LTBI screening in the HM patient group.
Methods: This retrospective study includes 209 HM patients who had T-SPOT tests between 2016 and 2021 in Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey.
Results: The prevalence of LTBI was 26.8% in 209 patients (n=56). Preventive INH therapy was initiated in 82.1% (n=46) of 56 patients with LTBI. 23.9% (n=11) of the 46 patients who received preventive INH therapy were unable to complete the treatment. Elevated liver enzymes occurred in 4 (8.7%) patients using INH, while gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in 3 (6.5%) patients. Active TB infection emerged in none of the T-SPOT positive or indeterminate individuals but in one HIV (+) patient in the T-SPOT negative group. The cumulative incidence of active TB infection was 0.48%, with a population rate of 478/100.000.
Conclusions: INH treatment was generally well tolerated, and serious drug-related side effects were observed infrequently. Although LTBI cannot be demonstrated in patients with HIV(+) HM who are scheduled for chemotherapy, these patients should be closely monitored for the development of active TB infection.
Keywords: Hematologic malignancies, Interferon-Gamma Release Assays, Latent tuberculosis
Coagulopathy in Patients with Low/Intermediate Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia treated with First Line Arsenic Trioxide in Combination with All Trans Retinoic Acid: A Monocentric Experience.
Authors: Autore Francesco , Chiusolo Patrizia , Sora' Federica , Laurenti Luca , Pagano Livio , Bacigalupo Andrea , De Stefano Valerio , Sica Simona
Published: January 2023

No abstract
FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN AND MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS COLONIZATION IN AML PATIENTS.
Authors: Guarnera Luca , Trotta Gentiana Elena , Boldrini Valentina , Cardillo Lucia , Cerroni Ilaria , Mezzanotte Valeria , Pasqualone Gianmario , Savi Arianna , Borsellino Beatrice , Buzzatti Elisa , Palmieri Raffaele , Paterno Giovangiacinto , Maurillo Luca , Buccisano Francesco , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Background: Colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) is a frequent complication in hematologic departments, which puts patients at risk of life-threatening bacterial sepsis. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a condition related to the delivery of chemotherapy in hematologic malignancies, in which the use of antibiotics is debated. The incidence, risk factors, and influence on the outcome of these conditions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are not clearly defined.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 132 consecutive admissions of non-promyelocytic AML patients at the Hematology Unit of the University Tor Vergata in Rome between June 2019 and February 2022. MDRO swab-based screening was performed in all patients on the day of admission and once weekly after that. FUO was defined as fever with no evidence of infection.Results: Of 132 consecutive hospitalizations (69 AML patients), MDRO colonization was observed in 35 cases (26%) and resulted independently related to a previous MDRO colonization (p=0.001) and length of hospitalization (p=0.03). The colonization persistence rate in subsequent admissions was 64%. MDRO-related bloodstream infection was observed in 8 patients (23%) and correlated with grade III/IV mucositis (p=0.008) and length of hospitalization (p=0.02). FUO occurred in 68 cases (51%) and correlated with an absolute neutrophilic count <500μ/L at admission (0.04).Conclusion: In our experience, MDRO colonization is a frequent and difficult-to-eradicate condition that can arise at all stages of treatment. Prompt discharge of patients as soon as clinical conditions allow could limit the spread of MDRO. In addition, the appropriate use of antibiotics, especially in the case of FUO, and the contraction of hospitalization length, when feasible, are measures to tackle the further spread of MDRO.
Evaluation of prescribing pattern based on World Health Organization indicators in Maharashtra during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jacob Sharon , Malviya Rajendra , Sandhan Swati , Deshpande Prasanna
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Community pharmacy (CP) is one of the health care centers that have a key role to play in the current COVID-19 pandemic period. Prescriptions monitoring studies are essential as this helps in understanding the current prescribing pattern adopted by physicians. Furthermore, only few CP-based research studies were noted. This study was conducted with an aim to study prescribing pattern using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators from few community pharmacies in Maharashtra, India, during COVID-19 Pandemic period.

Material and Methods:

An observational study was conducted and sample comprised of prescriptions collected from different parts of Maharashtra (Mumbai, Pune. and Nashik). One thousand and fifty-six prescriptions were collected and data was collected for a period of 6 months (August 2020–January 2021). The variables of interest in this study were: Number of medications in each prescription, number of prescriptions with generic names, number of antibiotics and injectables in each prescription, number of prescribed drugs from essential drug list (EDL), and defined daily dose (DDD).

Results:

Out of 3058 drugs prescribed, it was found that average number of drugs per prescription was 2.89 (standard deviation ± 1.37). Only 23 (0.75%) were prescribed by generic name. Antibiotics and injectables were 399 (37.78%) and 29 (2.74%), respectively. Drugs that were prescribed from EDL were only 920 (30.08%). The total class of antimicrobial agents prescribed (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical group J01) was 13. After calculating DDD, DDD of Azithromycin was found to the highest (81.6 g).

Conclusion:

Among five WHO indicators, only the percentage of encounters with an injection was in compliance with the WHO recommended value. Further studies are required for better understanding of this area.
Prevalence, patterns, clinico-social, and behavioral factors associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among undergraduate medical students of central India
Authors: Mandal Soumya Kanti , Revadi G , Parida Darshan , Majumdar Anindo
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents has become a global issue. As its link to obesity and noncommunicable diseases is clear, it is imperative to understand SSB consumption behaviors in the future health-care professionals. The objective of this study is to document the prevalence, patterns, and clinico-social and behavioral factors predicting high intake of SSBs among medical students.

Material and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-reported, web-based, questionnaire. All the students and interns who were part of a publicly funded premiere teaching hospital between October and November 2019 were included in this study. The semi-structured questionnaire enquired regarding socio-demographic, clinical details, amount, behavioral patterns, and money spent in connection with SSB consumption. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 19.3 ± 1.6 years, 71.7% being males. The current prevalence of SSB consumption was 90.5%. Furthermore, 49.9% and 29.1% of participants preferred soft drinks and sweetened fruit juice, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.83, (1.03–3.25), current alcohol consumption (aOR: 4.09, 1.25–13.42), and recent (last week) consumption of a SSB predicted high intake of SSBs [aOR: 7.36, (3.41–15.87)] whereas, preference of energy/sports category of drinks predicted low intake of SSBs [aOR 0.10, (0.02–0.47)].

Conclusion:

The consumption of SSBs among medical students was high. Targeted health education and behavior change interventions should be provided to males, alcohol users, and frequent consumers.
Chińska perspektywa kryzysu na wschodniej granicy Unii Europejskiej (2021-2022)
Authors: Adamczyk Marcin
Published: January 2023

Kryzys na wschodniej granicy Unii Europejskiej był w roku 2021 prawdopodobnie jednym z potencjalnie kluczowych zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. W obliczu pogarszającej się sytuacji na granicy polsko-białoruskiej, w Polsce względnie popularna stała się koncepcja zaangażowania w roli mediatora Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej – o czym świadczyły liczne artykuły na czołowych portalach internetowych (jak Money.pl, Onet.pl czy Rp.pl) oraz wzrost zainteresowania tym tematem w mediach społecznościowych (zaobserwowane przez autora w szczególności w dyskusjach na portalu Twitter). U jej podstaw leżało przekonanie, iż oba państwa stanowią istotne miejsce w chińskiej polityce gospodarczej – ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich roli tranzytowej w ramach Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku. Niniejszy artykuł ma być próbą odpowiedzi, na ile owa koncepcja mogła się urzeczywistnić oraz ile tak naprawdę Mińsk i Warszawa znaczą dla Chin?

China’s perspective on the crisis on the European Union’s eastern border (2021-2022)

The crisis on the European Union’s eastern border was probably one of the possible key security threats in Central and Eastern Europe in 2021. In the face of the deteriorating situation on the Polish-Belarusian border, the idea of engaging the People’s Republic of China as a mediator became relatively popular in Poland – as evidenced by numerous articles on leading Internet portals (such as Money.pl, Onet.pl or Rp.pl) and the increased interest in this topic in social media (observed by the author in discussions on Twitter in particular). At its core was the belief that the two countries represent an important place in China’s economic policy – with a particular emphasis on their transit role within the New Silk Road. This article is intended as an attempt to answer to what extent this concept may have come to fruition, and how much do Minsk and Warsaw really mean to China?
Polityka publiczna wobec Romów w Polsce na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego
Authors: Popieliński Paweł , Łuczak Andrzej
Published: January 2023

Artykuł dotyczy aspektów polskiej polityki publicznej wobec społeczności romskiej żyjącej w Polsce, na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego. Przedstawia najważniejsze skutki i efekty polityki względem społeczności romskiej w ostatnich latach. Autorzy scharakteryzowali genezę powstania, jak i też główne wytyczne rządowych programów na rzecz społeczności romskiej oraz ich wpływ na życie tej grupy mniejszościowej, jej integracji społecznej i obywatelskiej w kontekście bezpieczeństwa tej grupy oraz bezpieczeństwa lokalnego na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego. Niezwykle cennym elementem artykułu jest przedstawienie efektów obranej polityki, mających miejsce w ostatnich latach, z perspektywy społeczności romskiej w województwie lubuskim, w szczególności, co zostało dotychczas dla niej zrobione i co daje jej taki program, jak przyczynia się do poprawy życia społeczności romskiej w tej części kraju. Public policy towards the Roma in Poland on the example of Lubusz Voivodeship The article deals with polish public policy issue towards the Roma community living in Poland on the example of Lubusz voivodeship. It presents the most important effects and effects of the policy towards the Roma community in Poland in recent years. The authors characterized the genesis of the creation as well as the main guidelines of government programs for the Roma community in Poland and its impact on the life of this minority group, social and civic integration in the context of the security of this group and local security on the example of Lubusz voivodeship. An extremely valuable element of the article is to present effects of this politic in recent years from the perspective of the Roma community in Lubusz voivodeship, in particular what has been done for its so far and what gives it such a program, how it contributes to the improvement of life the Roma community in this part of the country.
Pelaksanaan Pemberian Pinjaman Koperasi Sejahtera Pasirjambu Bagi Peserta Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1995
Authors: Miskiah Siti , Ritawati
Published: December 2022

Pemberian pinjaman Koperasi Sejahtera Pasirjambu pada anggota adalah suatu aktivitas bisnis menghimpun dana yang bisa dibolehkan secara hukum. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam menjalankan aktifitas peminjaman koperasi pada peserta sudah dilakukan menurut aturan yang kentara & jelas berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor  9 Tahun 1995. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan meneliti peraturan-peraturan hukum yang kemudian digabungkan dengan data dan perilaku yang hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dan penelusuran bahan-bahan kepustakaan untuk selanjutnya dijadikan  sebagai landasan dalam menganalisis permasalahan yang diteliti dengan tujuan mendapatkan suatu gambaran dan sebagai sarana untuk mencari dan menemukan pengetahuan yang dapat dimanfaatkan langsung oleh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Koperasi menjalankan usaha secara hati-hati dengan cara mentaati prosedur dan ketentuan prinsip-prinsip perjanjian menggunakan hukum yang berlaku, tetapi pada pelaksanaannya bisa saja terjadi pelanggaran terhadap peraturan yang ada untuk tercapainya kuantitas anggota dan berjalannya koperasi secara maksimal. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan timbulnya permasalahan baik terhadap koperasi itu sendiri maupun pelaksanaan pemberian simpan pinjam kepada anggota yang berakibat dapat dikenakan sanksi secara administrasi bahkan pencabutan ijin usaha.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GENERATIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI MTS NUR ET-TAQWA CIKANDE
Authors: Nurjanah Nila , Kusuma Jaka Wijaya , Nur Maulida
Published: January 2023

The background in this study is the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students at MTs Nur Et-Taqwa Cikande is still low. This can be seen from the average score at the school is still below the KKM, which is 72, and the perspective of students in learning mathematics is not good and the learning model used is still a conventional learning model which makes students still passive or not active in learning. This study aims to determine whether the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students who are taught using generative learning is better than students who are taught using conventional learning and to find out how the influence of generative learning models on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. This research uses quantitative research with True Experimental Design method using pretest-posttest control group design type. The data collection technique used is the test. The data analysis used is normality test, homogeneity test, similarity test of two averages and effect size test. The population used was all eighth grade students at MTs Nur Et-Taqwa Cikande. This study used a total sampling technique, namely class VIII A with a total of 21 students as the experimental class and VIII B with a total of 20 students as the control class. Based on the similarity test of the two averages and the effect size test so that the results of the test of the difference between the two averages can be seen in the equal variance assumed section, the value tcount = 2.680 > 2.672 with a significant value of 0.011 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. While the test using the effect size is 0.85 with an interpretation of the effect size of 79% which is a high category
PENGARUH KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR DAN BERPIKIR KRITIS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS
Authors: Fadhilah Shohwatul Islam , Zulkarnain Ihwan , Werdiningsih Condro Endang
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning discipline and critical thinking on mathematical reasoning abilities. This research was conducted on eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Tambun Selatan, Bekasi Regency with a random sampling technique. The data collection technique in this study was done by giving a questionnaire for the two independent variables and giving essay questions for the dependent variable. The research method used in this study is a survey with correlational techniques. The sample in this study was 68 students of class VIII. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between learning discipline and critical thinking with mathematical reasoning abilities. This is indicated by Ftable = 3.14 and Fcount 8.57, so Fcount > Ftable (8.57 > 3.14). Thus, it can be concluded that learning discipline and critical thinking have an influence on mathematical reasoning abilities
PENGGUNAAN UJI F UNTUK MENGETAHUI SIGNIFIKAN HUBUNGAN ANTARA PRODUKSI PENGUPASAN LAPISAN OVERBURDEN DAN LOSS TIME SERTA MENENTUKAN STANDARD ERRORNYA
Authors: Rospitasari Vitri , Purwandari Diana , Nugraha Aditya Budi
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted at PT. Starindo Sakti Award for 31 days. This study aims to determine whether or not there is a significant relationship between overburden stripping production and loss time. Because stripping of overburden is an activity that affects mining activities, the researcher is interested in analyzing every mining activity, especially in stripping the overburden layer at the mining front at PT. Starindo Sakti Award using a Kobelco SK-200 excavator. To determine whether or not the relationship between overburden stripping production and loss time is significant, the F test can be carried out. find out the deviation of the data. After conducting the F test, it turns out that the relationship between overburden stripping production and loss time is significant (very influential), as evidenced by the results Fhitung of 686 and Ftabel of 3.34 with a standard error of 5,8.
PEMODELAN DATA PANEL MENGGUNAKAN RANDOM EFFECT MODEL UNTUK MENGETAHUI FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI UMUR HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA
Authors: Septianingsih Amin
Published: January 2023

Life Expectancy (UHH) is one indicator of the health status assessment of the population for government programs successful. Life Expectancy at birth is defined as the average estimated length of life of a person that can live from birth. Life Expectancy is affected by the environment, food availability, education, government policy, community’s economy, and so on. In this study, the factors model will be conducted, affects the community’s life expectancy for all Indonesia’s provinces that involve the percentage of household variable which has decent drinking water (AML), percentage of household variable that has decent housing (HL), percentage of household variable that has access to proper sanitation (ASL), percentage of poor residents (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The modeling results, three independent variables significantly affected towards life expectancy variable or clean water and sanitation (ASL) variable, poor people (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The model result showed that the coefficient determination score is 0,859 which is the independent variable able to explain the dependent variable which is 85,90%, meanwhile the rest is 14,10% which is explained by other variables, outside the model