bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dominance relations among adult females in a free‐ranging group of Japanese monkeys at Katsuyama
Authors: Nakamichi M. , Itoigawa N. , Imakawa S. , Machida S.
Published: June 2005

Dominance relations among adult females in the Katsuyama group of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were analyzed. Dominance relations among female relatives of 6 or more years of age corresponded almost exactly to those predicted by Kawamura's principles [Primates, 1:149–156, 1958] in the four highest‐ranking kin‐groups. According to these principles, 1) a mother is dominant to her daughter and 2) among sisters, the younger is dominant to the older. However, 9 of the remaining 11 middle‐and low‐ranking kin‐groups included dyads in which dominance relations did not correspond to those expected from Kawamura's principles. Within the dominance rank order, of all 74 adult females of 6 or more years of age, individuals of the high‐ranking kin‐groups always ranked adjacent to members of their own kin‐group, while individuals in middle‐ and low‐ranking kin‐groups tended to be ranked independently of members of their own kin‐groups. These results indicate that, since females of a high‐ranking kin‐group form a cohesive matrilineal unit, it may be very difficult for females of other kin‐groups to break into the dominance rank order that exists among females of the high‐ranking kin‐groups. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neighbor effect: evidence of affiliative and agonistic social contagion in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Videan Elaine N. , Fritz Jo , Schwandt Melanie , Howell Sue
Published: June 2005

Previous studies of captive chimpanzees have demonstrated the “neighbor effect,” or social contagion, with respect to agonistic vocalizations and behaviors. The present study considers whether there is a relationship between behavior patterns in focal animals and the auditory signals of neighboring social groups. Using focal‐group sampling, we collected 172.5 hr of data on 51 subjects (25 females and 26 males) housed in 10 social groups. We performed two‐tailed Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank tests to determine whether the relative frequency of the vocalizations (high vs. low) affected the behaviors. In keeping with past research, we found that agonistic noises and vocalizations from neighboring social groups had a significant effect on the rates of focal‐group bluff displays, pant‐hoots, and aggression (P<0.05). In addition, we also found significant relationships between grooming behavior and vocalizations in focal groups, and grooming vocalizations from neighboring groups (P<0.05). The results suggest that social contagion is not limited to aggressive behaviors, but also occurs for affiliative behavior patterns. Am. J. Primatol. 66:131–144, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpopulation differences in exudate feeding of pygmy marmosets in Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Yépez Pablo , De La Torre Stella , Snowdon Charles T.
Published: June 2005

Local variations in fruit‐ and leaf‐eating have been reported for some primate species; however, similar variations in exudate‐feeding of pygmy marmosets, one of the most specialized neotropical primate species, have not been studied. In our 3‐year study of four populations of pygmy marmosets in northeastern Ecuador, we characterized their exudate‐feeding behavior by describing the use of exudate sources. We tested whether the use of exudate species was related to ecological factors such as the availability of exudate species in an area. We estimated the daily activity budgets of the groups with 1‐hr scan samples and found significant interpopulation differences in the time spent on exudate feeding. We recorded a total of 18 exudate species used in the four populations; however, the populations differed in the total number of species used and in the preferred species. The most commonly used plant species wereSterculia apetalaat San Pablo,Cedrela odorataat Sacha,Inga marginataat Amazoonico, andParkia balsleviiat Zancudo. We recorded the presence and abundance of the 18 exudate species in 90‐m transects in the home range of each group and in one additional control area that contained no marmosets, for each population. Differences in the most‐used exudate species among populations did not appear to be related to the availability of these species in each population, i.e., the marmosets did not use at random the exudate species available within their range, nor did they use more often the exudate species that were more abundant in their home ranges. One implication of our results for conservation is that protecting exudate resources based on data from only one area will not be sufficient to preserve pygmy marmosets in all populations. Am. J. Primatol. 66:145–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age differences in neophilia, exploration, and innovation in family groups of callitrichid monkeys
Authors: Kendal R.L. , Coe R.L. , Laland K.N.
Published: June 2005

The prevailing assumption in the primate literature is that young or juvenile primates are more innovative than adult individuals. This innovative tendency among the young is frequently thought to be a consequence, or side effect, of their increased rates of exploration and play. Conversely, Reader and Laland's [International Journal of Primatology 22:787–806, 2001] review of the primate innovation literature noted a greater reported incidence of innovation in adults than nonadults, which they interpreted as (in part) a reflection of the greater experience and competence of older individuals. Within callitrichids there is contradictory evidence for age differences in response to novel objects, foods, and foraging tasks. By presenting novel extractive foraging tasks to family groups of callitrichid monkeys in zoos, we examined, in a large sample, whether there are positive or negative relationships of age with neophilia, exploration, and innovation, and whether play or experience most facilitates innovation. The results indicate that exploration and innovation (but not neophilia) are positively correlated with age, perhaps reflecting adults' greater manipulative competence. To the extent that there was evidence for play in younger individuals, it did not appear to contribute to innovation. The implications of these findings for the fields of innovation and conservation through reintroduction are considered. Am. J. Primatol. 66:167–188, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Galago locomotion in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Off Eileen C. , Gebo Daniel L.
Published: June 2005

Very few locomotor studies have been conducted on galagos. This is surprising given their interesting anatomy and ecology, as well as their increasing species diversity. In this study we investigated locomotion and postures in two sympatric galagos species (Galagoides thomasi and Galago matschiei) living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. G. thomasi uses arboreal quadrupedalism and leaping, while G. matschiei is more leaping‐oriented. Both species utilize small oblique branches in the mid‐canopy. These similarities in substrate use are most likely due to the similar body sizes and anatomies of the two species, as well as to the structure and availability of trees in Kibale National Park. Lastly, we compare the locomotor patterns of G. thomasi and G. matschiei with those observed in the few other quantitative locomotor studies available for galagos. Am. J. Primatol. 66:189–195, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Febrile seizures in the predisposed brain: A new model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Scantlebury Morris H. , Gibbs Steve A. , Foadjo Berline , Lema Pablo , Psarropoulou Caterina , Carmant Lionel
Published: June 2005

The atypical febrile seizure has important clinical implications because of its association with the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome, which is the most common of the intractable epilepsies. However, whether a causal relation exists between these conditions is currently unknown. We have previously shown that a focal cortical lesion induced in the neonatal rat predisposes to the development of atypical hyperthermic seizures. We show here that 86% of the lesion plus hyperthermia group experience development of spontaneous recurrent seizures recorded from the amygdala ipsilateral to the lesion. Control rats did not have spontaneous recurrent behavioral or electrographic seizures. Lesioned rats with hyperthermic seizures also showed an impaired performance on the Morris water maze when compared with naive control rats, suggesting mild deficits in learning and memory. These findings support a link between the atypical febrile seizure and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, and at the same time establish a new model for this condition through which new preventative and therapeutic strategies can be tested. Ann Neurol 2005
Titelbild: Pyrromethene Dialkynyl Borane Complexes for “Cascatelle” Energy Transfer and Protein Labeling (Angew. Chem. 24/2005)
Authors: Ulrich Gilles , Goze Christine , Guardigli Massimo , Roda Aldo , Ziessel Raymond
Published: June 2005

Eine Energiekaskaden‐Funktionseinheit entsteht durch Anknüpfen von Ethinylpyren‐Fragmenten an Borzentren. Das Titelbild zeigt einen solchen Bodipyren‐Farbstoff, dessen Pyren‐Einheit bei der Bestrahlung zu einer Stokes‐Verschiebung von 10 000 cm−1 führt. Im Hintergrund ist die 3D‐Darstellung einer Fluoreszenzanalyse von einer Femtomolmenge markierten Biomaterials abgebildet. In der Zuschrift auf S. 3760 ff. beschreiben G. Ulrich, R. Ziessel und Mitarbeiter, wie Biomoleküle mit diesen für die Fluoreszenzbildgebung aussichtsreichen Farbstoffen markiert werden können.
Cover Picture: Pyrromethene Dialkynyl Borane Complexes for “Cascatelle” Energy Transfer and Protein Labeling (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 24/2005)
Authors: Ulrich Gilles , Goze Christine , Guardigli Massimo , Roda Aldo , Ziessel Raymond
Published: June 2005

An energy‐cascade device is created by linking ethynylpyrene fragments to boron centers. The cover picture shows such a Bodipyrene dye in which irradiation of the pyrene moiety gives a virtual Stokes shift of 10 000 cm−1. The background shows a 3D plot of a fluorescence well containing femtomolar amounts of labeled biomaterial. In their Communication on page 3694 ff., G. Ulrich, R. Ziessel, and co‐workers describe how biomolecules can be labeled with these dyes, which are very promising for fluorescence imaging.
Investigation of Ligand‐Receptor Systems by High‐Resolution Solid‐State NMR: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Luca Sorin , Heise Henrike , Lange Adam , Baldus Marc
Published: June 2005

Solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides a general method to study molecular structure and dynamics in a non‐crystalline and insoluble environment. We discuss the latest methodolo gical progress to construct 3D molecular structures from solid‐state NMR data obtained under magic‐angle‐spinning conditions. As shown for the neurotensin/NTS‐1 system, these methods can be readily applied to the investigation of ligand‐binding to G‐protein coupled receptors.
Molecular modeling directed synthesis of a bicyclic analogue of the δ opioid receptor agonist SNC 80
Authors: Jung Bettina , Englberger Werner , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: June 2005

In order to find novel δ opioid receptor agonists, the pharmacophoric benzhydryl moiety of the lead compound SNC 80 (1) was dissected and the phenyl residues were attached to different positions of the 6,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane core system (4). The position of the carboxamido group, the stereochemistry, the C3/C4 bond order and the kind and length of the spacer X were considered. The resulting compounds were compared with the four energetically most favourable conformations of SNC 80 by a multifit analysis. These calculations led to the structures 5‐10, which fit best to SNC 80. Herein the synthesis of one of these compounds (9) is described. Starting from (S)‐glutamate two alternative routes are detailed to obtain the key intermediate 14. A variation of the Dieckmann cyclization, which uses trapping of the first cyclization product with ClSiMe3 provided the mixed acetal 20, which was carefully hydrolyzed to yield the bicyclic ketone 17. Stereoselective addition of phenylmagnesium bromide, dehydration, LiAlH4 reduction and exchange of the N‐6 residue afforded the designed compound 9. The affinities of 9 towards δ, μ, κ and ORL1 receptors were determined in receptor binding studies with radioligands. Only moderate receptor affinity was found.
Combined seismic tomographic and ultrashallow seismic reflection study of an Early Dynastic mastaba, Saqqara, Egypt
Authors: Metwaly Mohamed , Green Alan G. , Horstmeyer Heinrich , Maurer Hansruedi , Abbas Abbas M. , Gh. Hassaneen Abdel‐Rady
Published: June 2005

Mastabas were large rectangular structures built for the funerals and burials of the earliest Pharaohs. One such mastaba was the basic building block that led to the first known stone pyramid, the >4600‐year old Step Pyramid within the Saqqara necropolis of Egypt. We have tested a number of shallow geophysical techniques for investigating in a non‐invasive manner the subsurface beneath a large Early Dynastic mastaba located close to the Step Pyramid. After discovering that near‐surface sedimentary rocks with unusually high electrical conductivities precluded the use of the ground‐penetrating radar method, a very high‐resolution seismic data set was collected along a profile that extended the 42.5 m length of the mastaba. A sledgehammer source was used every 0.2 m and the data were recorded using a 48‐channel array of single geophones spaced at 0.2 m intervals. Inversions of the direct‐ and refracted‐wave travel times provided P‐wave velocity tomograms of the shallow subsurface, whereas relatively standard processing techniques yielded a high‐fold (50–80) ultrashallow seismic reflection section. The tomographic and reflection images were jointly interpreted in terms of loose sand and friable limestone layers with low P‐wave velocities of 150–650 m s−1 overlying consolidated limestone and shale with velocities > 1500 m s−1. The sharp contact between the low‐ and high‐velocity regimes was approximately horizontal at a depth of ca. 2 m. This contact was the source of a strong seismic reflection. Above this contact, the velocity tomogram revealed moderately high velocities at the surface location of a friable limestone outcrop and two low‐velocity blocks that probably outlined sand‐filled shafts. Below the contact, three regularly spaced low velocity blocks probably represented tunnels and/or subsurface chambers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetometric prospection of various types of large ditched enclosures in Bohemia
Authors: Křivánek Roman
Published: June 2005

A systematic combination of aerial and subsequent geophysical surveys over the six years of the ‘Settlement Patterns in Prehistoric Bohemia’ project yielded much new and often surprising information about the nature of archaeological sites, features and locations in the agricultural lowlands of Bohemia. Newly discovered and verified large ditches represent a group of very diverse and often, in Bohemian archaeology, atypical linear features. The results of large‐area magnetometric surveys aided in mapping locations more precisely and in the overall separation of linear features, as well as in choosing among probable archaeological interpretations of the sites. Future archaeological verification of more of these identified atypical situations by test trenches would provide more precise dating, and perhaps unambiguous interpretations of prehistoric sites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote sensing of cloud‐to‐ground lightning location using the TOGA of sferics
Authors: Ramachandran V. , Kumar S. , Kishore A.
Published: June 2005

Using the Time Of Group Arrival (TOGA) of sferics about 3700 cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes were recorded in one year (2003) in the largest island, Viti Levu in Fiji. A maximum CG flash density of 0.49 flashes/km2per year was recorded in two locations in the island. The seasonal variation showed enhanced lightning incidences during November–April and the diurnal variation showed peak activity from 14:00–16:00 h local time. Five‐year data of the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite are also presented, which show good correlation of seasonal and diurnal variations with those obtained from TOGA measurements. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Some aspects of systematic error in the ECMWF model
Authors: Jung T. , Tompkins A. M. , Rodwell M. J.
Published: June 2005

First, systematic errors of short‐range and medium‐range Z500 forecasts are described along with their changes since the early 1980s. Then systematic cloud error will be described. Finally, the capability of the ECMWF model to simulate the Madden‐and‐Julian Oscillation is assessed. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of some sigma schemes for estimation of air pollutant dispersion in moderate and low winds
Authors: Essa Khaled S. M. , Mubarak Fawzia , Khadra Sanaa Abu
Published: June 2005

One of the most important parameters in plume dispersion modeling is the plume growth (dispersion coefficients σ). Different models for estimating dispersion parameters are discussed to establish the relative importance of one over the others. Comparisons were made between power law functions, standard, split sigma and split sigma theta methods. We use the double Gaussian expression for calculating concentration in this comparison. The results show that, with low wind speed (<2 m/s), split sigma and split sigma theta methods give much better results than other methods, while, with wind speed greater than 2 m/s, the power law function methods give more plausible results. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis of a regularized, time‐staggered discretization method and its link to the semi‐implicit method
Authors: Frank J. , Reich S. , Staniforth A. , White A. , Wood N.
Published: June 2005

A key aspect of the recently proposed Hamiltonian particle‐mesh (HPM) method is its time‐staggered discretization combined with a regularization of the continuous governing equations. In this article, the time discretization aspect of the HPM method is analysed for the linearized, rotating, shallow‐water equations with orography, and the combined effect of time‐staggering and regularization is compared analytically with the popular two‐time‐level semi‐implicit time discretization of the unregularized equations. It is found that the two approaches are essentially equivalent, provided the regularization parameter is chosen appropriately in terms of the time step Δt. The article treats space as a continuum and, hence, its analysis is not limited to the HPM method. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Amyloid fibril formation by the CAD domain of caspase‐activated DNase
Authors: Uegaki Koichi , Nakamura Tsutomu , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Kobayashi Atsuko , Odahara Takayuki , Harata Kazuaki , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Ueyama Norikazu , Yamazaki Toshio , Yumoto Noboru
Published: June 2005

Caspase‐activated DNase (CAD) is a key protein in the process of apoptosis that degrades DNA through the action of caspases. Its N‐terminal region, the CAD domain (CAD‐CD), is highly conserved among CAD family proteins and is responsible for the interaction with its inhibitor. We report here that CAD‐CD spontaneously aggregates to form amyloid fibrils, without a lag time, under the conditions of low pH (below 4) and the presence of anions. Interestingly, the secondary structure of CAD‐CD in the fibril state comprised not only β‐sheet but also α‐helix, as found in CD, FTIR, and x‐ray fiber diffraction experiments. Aromatic side chains have a defined orientation and are in the hydrophobic environment occurring with the CAD‐CD fibrillogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the architecture of amyloid fibrils. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 39–47, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Efficient one‐step production of astaxanthin by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in continuous culture
Authors: Río Esperanza Del , Acién F. Gabriel , García‐Malea M. Carmen , Rivas Joaquín , Molina‐Grima Emilio , Guerrero Miguel G.
Published: June 2005

The performance of Haematococcus pluvialis in continuous photoautotrophic culture has been analyzed, especially from the viewpoint of astaxanthin production. To this end, chemostat cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis were carried out at constant light irradiance, 1,220 μE/m2 · s, and dilution rate, 0.9/d, but varying the nitrate concentration in the feed medium reaching the reactor, from 1.7 to 20.7 mM. Both growth and biomass composition were affected by the nitrate supply. With saturating nitrate, the biomass productivity was high, 1.2 g/L · d, but astaxanthin accumulation did not take place, the C/N ratio of the biomass being 5.7. Under moderate nitrate limitation, biomass productivity was decreased, as also did biomass concentration at steady state, whereas accumulation of astaxanthin developed and the C/N ratio of the biomass increased markedly. Astaxanthin accumulation took place in cells growing and dividing actively, and its extent was enhanced in response to the limitation in nitrate availability, with a recorded maximum for astaxanthin cellular level of 0.8% of dry biomass and of 5.6 mg/L · d for astaxanthin productivity. The viability of a significant continued generation of astaxanthin‐rich H. pluvialis cells becomes thus demonstrated, as also does the continuous culture option as an alternative to current procedures for the production of astaxanthin using this microalga. The intensive variable controlling the behavior of the system has been identified as the specific nitrate input, and a mathematical model developed that links growth rate with both irradiance and specific nitrate input. Moreover, a second model for astaxanthin accumulation, also as a function of irradiance and specific nitrate input, was derived. The latter model takes into account that accumulation of astaxanthin is only partially linked to growth, being besides inhibited by excess nitrate. Simulations performed fit experimental data and emphasize the contention that astaxanthin can be efficiently produced under continuous mode by adjustment of the specific nitrate input, predicting even higher values for astaxanthin productivity. The developed models represent a powerful tool for management of such an astaxanthin‐generating continuous process, and could allow the development of improved systems for the production of astaxanthin‐rich Haematococcus cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐level transient expression of recombinant protein in lettuce
Authors: Joh Lawrence D. , Wroblewski Tadeusz , Ewing Nicholas N. , VanderGheynst Jean S.
Published: June 2005

Transient expression following agroinfiltration of plant tissue was investigated as a system for producing recombinant protein. As a model system, Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) gene was vacuum infiltrated into lettuce leaf disks. Infiltration with a suspension of 109 colony forming units/mL followed by incubation for 72 h at 22°C in continuous darkness produced a maximum of 0.16% GUS protein based on dry tissue or 1.1% GUS protein based on total soluble protein. This compares favorably to expression levels for commercially manufactured GUS protein from transgenic corn seeds. A. tumefaciens culture medium pH between 5.6 and 7.0 and surfactant concentrations ≤100 ppm in the vacuum infiltration did not affect GUS expression, while infiltration with an A. tumefaciens density of 107 and 108 colony forming units/mL, incubation at 29°C, and a surfactant concentration of 1,000 ppm significantly reduced expression. Incubation in continuous light caused lettuce to produce GUS protein more rapidly, but final levels did not exceed the GUS production in leaves incubated in continuous darkness after 72 h at 22°C. The kinetics of GUS expression during incubation in continuous light and dark were represented well using a logistic model, with rate constants of 0.30 and 0.29/h, respectively. To semi‐quantitatively measure the GUS expression in large numbers of leaf disks, a photometric enhancement of the standard histochemical staining method was developed. A linear relationship with an R 2 value of 0.90 was determined between log10 (% leaf darkness) versus log10 (GUS activity). Although variability in expression level was observed, agroinfiltration appears to be a promising technology that could potentially be scaled up to produce high‐value recombinant proteins in planta. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated in situ measurement of cell‐specific antibody secretion and laser‐mediated purification for rapid cloning of highly‐secreting producers
Authors: Hanania Elie G. , Fieck Annabeth , Stevens Janine , Bodzin Leon J. , Palsson Bernhard Ø. , Koller Manfred R.
Published: June 2005

Cloning of highly‐secreting recombinant cells is critical for biopharmaceutical manufacturing, but faces numerous challenges including the fact that secreted protein does not remain associated with the producing cell. A fundamentally new approach was developed combining in situ capture and measurement of individual cell protein secretion followed by laser‐mediated elimination of all non‐ and poorly‐secreting cells, leaving only the highest‐secreting cell in a well. Recombinant cells producing humanized antibody were cultured serum‐free on a capture matrix, followed by staining with fluorescently‐labeled anti‐human antibody fragment. A novel, automated, high‐throughput instrument (called LEAP™) was used to image and locate every cell, quantify the cell‐associated and secreted antibody (surrounding each cell), eliminate all undesired cells from a well via targeted laser irradiation, and then track clone outgrowth and stability. Temporarily sparing an island of helper cells around the clone of interest improved cloning efficiency (particularly when using serum‐free medium), and helper cells were easily eliminated with the laser after several days. The in situ nature of this process allowed several serial sub‐cloning steps to be performed within days of one another, resulting in rapid generation of clonal populations with significantly increased and more stable, homogeneous antibody secretion. Cell lines with specific antibody secretion rates of > 50 pg/cell per day (in static batch culture) were routinely obtained as a result of this cloning approach, often times representing up to 20% of the clones screened. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In silico mutagenesis of RNA splicing in HIV‐1
Authors: Kim Hwijin , Yin John
Published: June 2005

Human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) relies on both partial and complete splicing of its full‐length RNA transcripts to generate a distribution of essential spliced mRNA products. The complexity of the splicing process, which can employ multiple alternative splice sites, challenges our ability to understand how mutations in splice sites may influence the composition of the resulting mRNA pool and, more broadly, the development of viral progeny. Here, we begin to systematically address these issues by developing a mechanistic mathematical model for the splicing process. We identify as key parameters the probabilities that the cellular splice machinery selects specific splice acceptors, and we show how the splicing process depends on these probabilities. Further, by incorporating this splicing model into a detailed kinetic model for HIV‐1 intracellular development we find that an increase in the fraction of either rev or tat mRNA in the HIV‐1 mRNA pool is generally beneficial for HIV‐1 growth. However, a splice site mutation that excessively increases the fraction of either mRNA can be detrimental due to the corresponding reduction in the other mRNA, suggesting that a balance of Rev and Tat is needed in order for HIV‐1 to optimize its growth. Although our model is based on still very limited quantitative data on RNA splicing, Rev‐mediated splicing regulation and nuclear export, and the effects of associated mutations, it serves as a starting point for better understanding how variations in essential post‐transcriptional functions can impact the intracellular development of HIV‐1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The RNA‐Bound Conformation of Neamine as Determined by Transferred NOE Experiments
Authors: Szilaghi Richard , Shahzad‐ul‐Hussan Syed , Weimar Thomas
Published: June 2005

The tRNAPhe‐bound conformation of the aminoglycoside neamine, a member of the neomycin B family, has been investigated by transferred NOE experiments in aqueous solution. This is the first time that the bioactive conformation of an RNA‐bound aminoglycoside has been determined by this method. In buffers without divalent Mg2+ ions, a high degree of electrostatically driven unspecific binding of aminoglycosides to the RNA was observed. Careful optimization of experimental conditions yielded buffer conditions optimized for cryo‐probe NMR experiments. In particular, addition of Mg2+ ions to the solutions was necessary to reduce the amount of unspecific binding as monitored by one‐dimensional NMR and surface plasmon resonance experiments. CD spectroscopy was used to probe the effect of aminoglycosides and buffer conditions on the double helical content of tRNAPhe. Finally the tRNAPhe‐bound conformation of neamine was determined by trNOE build‐up curves and compared with the previously reported crystal structure of neomycin B complexed to this RNA. Although the aminoglycoside in the crystal structure contains several configurational errors, the overall shape of the crystallographically determined RNA‐bound structure is identical to the RNA‐bound conformation defined by the NMR experiments. Therefore, the crystal structure has been refined by trNOE data. This is particularly important in the context of aminoglycosides being discussed as lead structures for the development of new anti‐RNA drugs.
Synthesis and Application of Integrin Targeting Lipopeptides in Targeted Gene Delivery
Authors: Waterhouse Jodie E. , Harbottle Richard P. , Keller Michael , Kostarelos Kostas , Coutelle Charles , Jorgensen Michael R. , Miller Andrew D.
Published: June 2005

One of the main problems facing gene therapy is the ability to target the delivery of DNA to specific cells of choice. Recently, we developed a synthetic nonviral vector platform system known as LMD (liposome:mu:DNA) that was designed for further modular upgrading with tool‐kits of chemical components. First‐generation LMD systems were prepared from DC‐Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes (DC‐Chol=3β‐[N‐(N′,N′‐dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl] cholesterol, DOPE=dioleoyl‐L‐α‐phosphatidylethanolamine), μ peptide from the adenovirus core and plasmid DNA (pDNA). Here we report attempts to realise peptide‐targeted gene delivery that build upon the LMD platform. Our strategy was to prepare novel lipopeptides with a lipid moiety designed to insert into the outer lipid bilayer of LMD particles whilst simultaneously presenting a peptide moiety for cell‐surface receptor binding. One main functional peptide sequence was selected (PLAEIDGIELA; tenascin peptide sequence) known to target α9β1‐integrin proteins predominant on upper‐airway epithelial cells. This sequence was investigated along with a corresponding control sequence. The syntheses of two classes (A and B) of lipopeptides are reported; the syntheses of class A lipopeptides requires a modification of Mitsunobu chemistry that could be of general utility to facilitate Mitsunobu reactions in other diverse systems. “Targeted” LMD and LD transfections with class A or B lipopeptides exhibit nonspecific peptide enhancements (up to one order of magnitude) over nonlipopeptide control transfections but few specific effects. Specific targeting effects can be seen if the overall LMD or LD particle cationic charge is lowered, but nonspecific effects are never eliminated. Whilst promising, these data now highlight the need for in vivo data and even a new modular, aqueous chemistry for the controlled adaptation of LMD particles in buffer in order for successful peptide‐targeted, synthetic, nonviral gene delivery to be realised.
Endohedral Silicon Fullerenes SiN (27 ≤ N ≤ 39)
Authors: Yoo Soohaeng , Zhao Jijun , Wang Jinlan , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Local Structure and Charge Distribution in the UO2—U4O9 System
Authors: Conradson Steven D. , Manara Dario , Wastin Franck , Clark David L. , Lander Gerard H. , Morales Luis A. , Rebizant Jean , Rondinella Vincenzo V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Characterization of NdNi(1‐x)Cux Compounds.
Authors: Paccard D. , Allemand J. , Moreau J. M. , Gomez Sal J. C. , Rodriguez Fernandez J. , Espeso J. I. , Blanco J. A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(LiNH2—MgH2): A Viable Hydrogen Storage System.
Authors: Luo Weifang
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Structure of Catalytically Active Gold on Titania.
Authors: Chen M. S. , Goodman D. W.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Liberation of Pnicogen Chains from Cu2P1.8As1.2I2: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Allotrope of P—As.
Authors: Jayasekera Buddhimathie , Somaskandan Kanchana , Brock Stephanie L.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conjugate Iodination of 1‐Methyltricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptane.
Authors: Vasin V. A. , Semenov A. V. , Razin V. V.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Differently N,O‐Protected 1,3‐Amino Alcohols with Three Neighboring Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Moser Michael , Geibel Gunter , Laufer Monika C.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Application of Complexes of a Novel Chiral Diphenylphosphino‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Bappert Erhard , Helmchen Guenter
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation with in situ Activated P,C‐Chelate Complexes.
Authors: Lipowsky Gunter , Miller Nicole , Helmchen Guenter
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic Amidines and Imidates.
Authors: Saluste C. Gustaf , Crumpler Simon , Furber Mark , Whitby Richard J.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Ketoesters with Monodentate Ligands.
Authors: Junge Kathrin , Hagemann Bernhard , Enthaler Stephan , Oehme Guenther , Michalik Manfred , Monsees Axel , Riermeier Thomas , Dingerdissen Uwe , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation Reaction of Enones.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Nishida Naoko , Ihara Masataka
Published: June 2005

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Decarboxylative Aldol Reactions of Allyl β‐Keto Esters via Heterobimetallic Catalysis.
Authors: Lou Sha , Westbrook John A. , Schaus Scott E.
Published: June 2005

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Efficient Method for the Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Using Di‐2‐thienyl Carbonate Promoted by DMAP and Iodine.
Authors: Oohashi Yoshiaki , Fukumoto Kentarou , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: June 2005

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Fluorous Glycol Derivatives: Novel Carbonyl Protective Groups.
Authors: Huang Yangen , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: June 2005

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Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Catalyzed Efficient Tetrahydropyranylation of Tertiary Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Hamada Nao , Sato Tsuneo
Published: June 2005

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Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cyclopropanation via Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Papageorgiou Charles D. , Cubillo de Dios Maria A. , Ley Steven V. , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: June 2005

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Short and Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Geirsson Jon K. F. , Arnadottir Liney , Jonsson Stefan
Published: June 2005

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Photoreaction of Nitrobenzenes with Hydrobromic Acid.
Authors: McIntyre Brian P. , Coleman Brian D. , Wubbels Gene G.
Published: June 2005

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Efficient Reductions of Nitroarenes with SnCl2 in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: De Prithwiraj
Published: June 2005

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Allyltrimethoxysilane Addition to N‐Acylhydrazones: Two Catalytic Methods Employing CuCl and Fluoride.
Authors: Ding Hui , Friestad Gregory K.
Published: June 2005

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Active Metallic Indium Mediated Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation in Aqueous Media: Barbier‐Type Allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Wu Hua‐Yue , Ding Jin‐Chang , Liu Miao‐Chang , Gao Jing
Published: June 2005

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Calcium Phosphate—Vanadate Apatite (CPVAP)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Propargylic Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Maeda Yasunari , Washitake Yosuke , Nishimura Takahiro , Iwai Keisuke , Yamauchi Takayoshi , Uemura Sakae
Published: June 2005

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A New Class of Acyclic 2‐Alkyl‐1,2‐diaryl (E)‐Olefins as Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Inhibitors.
Authors: Uddin Md. Jashim , Rao P. N. Praveen , Rahim Md. Abdur , McDonald Robert , Knaus Edward E.
Published: June 2005

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Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Heterodomino Reactions: The Knoevenagel/Diels—Alder/Epimerization Sequence for the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Synthons of Benzoanellated Centropolyquinanes.
Authors: Ramachary D. B. , Anebouselvy K. , Chowdari Naidu S. , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: June 2005

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Rearrangement of 4‐(1‐Haloalkyl)‐ and 4‐(2‐Haloalkyl)‐2‐azetidinones into Methyl ω‐Alkylaminopentenoates via Transient Aziridines and Azetidines.
Authors: Dejaegher Yves , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis of New Furan Derivatives and 4‐Hydroxy Aldehydes from 4‐Hydroxy 1‐Enol Ethers.
Authors: Hoelemann Alexandra , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: June 2005

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Effect of Ligand Structure on the Asymmetric Cyclization of Achiral Olefinic Organolithiums.
Authors: Mealy Michael J. , Luderer Matthew R. , Bailey William F. , Sommer Michael Bech
Published: June 2005

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β‐Acylvinyl Anion and Dianion Equivalents: Lithiation of 1‐[(2EZ)‐3‐Chloroprop‐2‐enyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole: Preparation and Elaboration of 1‐(2‐Oxiranylvinyl)‐1H‐benzotriazoles.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Manju Kavita , Gromova Anna V. , Steel Peter J.
Published: June 2005

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General One‐Pot, Three‐Step Methodology Leading to an Extended Class of N‐Heterocyclic Cations: Spontaneous Nucleophilic Addition, Cyclization, and Hydride Loss.
Authors: Parenty Alexis D. C. , Smith Louise V. , Pickering Alexandra L. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: June 2005

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Methods for the Construction of New Highly Functionalized Guanidines.
Authors: Wellner Eric , Sandin Helena , Swanstein Marie‐Louise
Published: June 2005

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Novel Synthesis Route for Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines.
Authors: Vostrov E. S. , Gilev D. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: June 2005

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The Simple Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1H‐Quinazoline‐2,4‐diones Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Catalytic Amount of Base.
Authors: Mizuno Takumi , Iwai Toshiyuki , Ishino Yoshio
Published: June 2005

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Conditions‐Driven Selective Synthesis of Selenides and Selenols from Elemental Selenium.
Authors: Krief Alain , Trabelsi Mahmoud , Dumont Willy , Derock Michel
Published: June 2005

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Reactions with Methylamine of Pyrilo‐2‐cyanines Containing Polyfluorophenyl Substituents.
Authors: Kargapolova I. Yu. , Orlova N. A. , Shakirov M. M. , Gerasimova T. N. , Shelkovnikov V. V.
Published: June 2005

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Fabrication of Nano‐Precision PDMS Replica Using Two‐Photon Photopolymerization and Vacuum Pressure Difference Technique.
Authors: Park Sang Hu , Lim Tae Woo , Yang Dong‐Yol , Kong Hong Jin , Kim Ran‐Hee , Kim Kyoung‐Soo , Lee Kwang‐Sup
Published: June 2005

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Ethyl Propiolate: A Simple and Convenient Peptide Coupling Reagent.
Authors: Iorga Bogdan , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: June 2005

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Stereodivergent Construction of Cyclic Ethers by a Regioselective and Enantiospecific Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Etherification: Total Synthesis of Gaur Acid.
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Leahy David K. , Andrews William J. , Uraguchi Daisuke
Published: June 2005

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Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal from Bent‐Core Molecule with Vinyl End Group.
Authors: Lee Chong‐Kwang , Kwon Soon‐Sik , Kim Tae‐Sung , Shin Sung‐Tae , Choi Hong , Choi E‐Joon , Kim Sea‐Yun , Zin Wang‐Choel , Kim Dae‐Choel , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: June 2005

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The Reformatsky Reaction in Organic Synthesis. Recent Advances
Authors: Ocampo Rogelio , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: June 2005

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Studying Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds — Some Rearrangement Reactions of Indoles and the Related Compounds
Authors: Morita Yutaka
Published: June 2005

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Aluminum Hydrides
Authors: Saito S.
Published: June 2005

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Solvent‐Free Microwave Organic Synthesis as an Efficient Procedure for Green Chemistry
Authors: Loupy Andre
Published: June 2005

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Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanoids
Authors: Brennan John G. , Sella Andrea
Published: June 2005

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Spin—Spin Interactions in Silsesquioxanes and Transition Metal Substitution
Authors: Schoeller Wolfgang W. , Eisner Dirk
Published: June 2005

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Rational Syntheses of Cyclosiloxanes and Molecular Alumo‐ and Gallosiloxanes
Authors: Veith Michael , Rammo Andreas
Published: June 2005

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Chemistry of Metalated Oligosilanes
Authors: Fischer Roland , Frank Dieter , Kayser Christian , Mechtler Christian , Baumgartner Judith , Marschner Christoph
Published: June 2005

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Synthesis and Reactivity of New Halogenated O‐Carborane Derivatives
Authors: Barbera G. , Teixidor F. , Welch A. J. , Rosair G. M. , Vinas C.
Published: June 2005

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GFP as a tool for the analysis of proteins in the flagellar basal apparatus of Chlamydomonas
Authors: Schoppmeier Jutta , Mages Wolfgang , Lechtreck Karl‐Ferdinand
Published: June 2005

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to analyse three proteins in the flagellar basal apparatus of C. reinhardtii: (1) Striated fiber assemblin (SFA), the major component of the striated microtubule‐associated fibers; (2) Centrin, present in the nucleus basal body connectors (NBBCs) and the distal connecting fiber (dCF) between the two basal bodies; and (3) DIP13, the Chlamydomonas homologue of human autoantigen NA14. The fusions co‐localized with the wild‐type proteins when expressed moderately. Overexpression of centrin‐GFP and DIP13‐GFP resulted in the formation of large aggregates and disturbed the distribution of the respective wild‐type proteins. The amount of wild‐type DIP13 was significantly reduced in cells overexpressing DIP13‐GFP. Moreover, the cells frequently failed to assemble full‐length flagella and flagellar regeneration was delayed, indicating a role of DIP13 during flagellar assembly. In contrast, overexpression of GFP‐SFA, which retained more wild‐type properties than SFA‐GFP, increased the size of the striated fibers without altering the cross‐shaped pattern. Abnormal patterns were observed in centrin‐deficient cells, suggesting that centrin is required for proper localization of SFA. Photobleaching of GFP‐SFA fibers indicated that GFP‐SFA in the fibers is turned over slowly. Conditionally expressed centrin‐GFP was incorporated into NBBCs in regions close to the basal bodies, but underrepresented in the dCF, indicative of a different dynamic of these two centrin fibers. Bending of the NBBCs was observed in vivo during flagellar motion, indicating that the filaments are flexible. In conclusion, in Chlamydomonas GFP‐tagging is a useful tool for yielding new insights into the function and properties of the analyzed proteins. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 61:189–200, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive multi‐resolution triangulations based on physical compression
Authors: Marroquim Ricardo , Cavalcanti Paulo Roma , Esperança Claudio , Velho Luiz
Published: June 2005

This paper presents a method for generating multi‐resolution adaptive triangulations of non‐manifold 3D objects composed of several regions with arbitrary geometry. The process first immerses the input boundary elements inside a semi‐regular adaptive tetrahedral mesh known as a BMT triangulation. The mesh elements are then pushed towards the boundary by means of a physically based compression scheme, more specifically, a mass‐spring system. The final triangulation has no degenerated tetrahedra and provides an approximation of the boundary based on a chosen resolution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative absorption model of color vision
Authors: Yoder Lane
Published: June 2005

Opponent processing is widely accepted as providing a general framework for the standard model of human color vision. After the cones' responses are transmitted to second stage neurons, however, there is no consensus on exactly how synaptic connections are organized. The Relative Absorption Model introduced here is an explicit neural network that generates neural correlates of color vision. The model makes detailed predictions of known color and neural phenomena, including familiar aspects of color perception. Until now these phenomena have not had an explicit neural explanation. The model's simplicity shows that color does not require complex processing of spectral information. The network receives excitatory and inhibitory input from three classes of spatially proximate photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities. Four second stage neurons provide symmetric input to four third stage neurons, whose outputs are correlates of red, green, blue, and yellow. These color cells identify which receptor type has the greatest absorption of photons and which has the least. Their response intensities correspond to the differences between those absorptions and the middle absorption. A single second stage neuron computes violet and purple information that is then transmitted through the red and blue channels, the only channels in the network capable of conveying the information. Five additional neurons produce correlates of black and white. The white cell's response intensity measures the smallest of the three absorptions, and the black response measures how far the largest absorption is from full saturation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 252–264, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20121