bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une deuxième vague de déplacements sous contrainte dans l'ouest et le nord du Cambodge (A second wave of forced displacements in West and Nord Cambodia)
Authors: Thibault Christel
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The political crisis that destabilized Cambodia in the last 1990' s caused a new forced displacements wave in West and North. After settling again in camps along the thai border, the displaced persons were then repatriated to Cambodia in 1999. This last returning movement seems to have allowed the repatriation of families among provinces they had left about thirty years ago, but remaining numerous local and regional struggles contradict any long-term relocation.
Le contrôle de l'urbanisation dans les zones de montagne (Town planning in mountainous areas)
Authors: Billet Philippe
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - In mountainous areas, town planning can be regulated by a specially-adapted legal framework to reconcile protection and development, to balance agricultural and touristic economies and to prevent the risk of environmental damages. The legal contraints have led to the increasing predominance of integrated protection in local planning policies, to prevent the injure to mountainous areas, landscapes and sites. However, it should be recalled that legal mechanisms are just some of the instruments which facilitate the integration of economical development into spatial planning.
Le versant noir du Mont-Blanc : des situations critiques à redresser (The black side of Mont-Blanc)
Authors: Courtin Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Le massif du Mont-Blanc attire de plus en plus de touristes et d'alpinistes. Il est nécessaire de les responsabiliser et de prendre une série de mesures communes aux trois Etats concernés pour protéger la qualité du massif.
Les Préalpes méridionales sont-elles enclavées ? Peuvent- elles être désenclavées ? (Are Southern Prealpes enclaved ? May be it disenclaved ?)
Authors: Borel Jacqueline
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Sises aux frontières Sud-Est de la France, les Préalpes méridionales apparaissent isolées, car les grandes voies de communication les contournent en les évitant, isolées par le faible développement des techniques de communication les plus récentes, par la permanence des contraintes montagnardes, par la faible occupation humaine de leur territoire. La modification de ce constat implique l'amélioration des relations internes du massif et celles des liaisons des Préalpes avec les centres extérieurs. Le développement et la maîtrise des atouts économiques des Alpes du Sud, en particulier le tourisme, restent encore très fragiles car dépendants des capitaux et des marchés extérieurs à la montagne. L'aménagement de cet espace devra éviter d'en faire un secteur dominé.
Transmission et reprise des entreprises culturelles : quels enjeux de politique publique ?
Authors: Champetier Valérie , Fischer Cédric
Published: June 2015

Comment les entreprises culturelles survivent-elles au départ de leur créateur ou de leur dirigeant ? Dans les secteurs culturels comme dans l’ensemble des secteurs économiques, la question de la transmission se pose le plus souvent au moment de la cessation d’activité du dirigeant. Rarement anticipée, peu préparée et souvent mal vécue, la transmission est pourtant essentielle à la préservation des emplois, des compétences et de la diversité du tissu entrepreneurial. Les repreneurs doivent faire face à des problèmes d’accès au financement et expriment un besoin d’accompagnement et de sensibilisation. Selon le type d’activité, les différents secteurs culturels présentent toutefois des caractéristiques différentes face à la question de la transmission/reprise. Pour les activités proches de la création et de la production (galeries d’art ou production cinématographique par exemple), la reprise est assez rare et ce mode de création d’entreprise serait même à l’opposé de l’esprit de l’entrepreneur culturel qui se lance pour affirmer une vision artistique. Dans ces activités, les entreprises se structurent autour de la constitution d’un catalogue, cédé lors de la cessation d’activité. Dans les activités proches de la diffusion et du commerce (librairies et théâtres privés par exemple), la crise économique de 2008 marque une rupture. En 2006, 60 % des créations se faisaient par reprise, contre 32 % en 2010. Deux principaux dispositifs d’aide spécifiques à la transmission/reprise existent depuis plus de vingt ans, signe que l’enjeu n’est pas nouveau pour ces secteurs – l’ adelc pour les librairies et l’ astp pour les théâtres privés, répondent à un double objectif : maintenir la diversité en évitant une trop forte concentration d’une part, et permettre à des repreneurs, professionnels du secteur, de reprendre ces entreprises. Dans les activités culturelles qui se situent entre création et commerce (architecture et production audiovisuelle par exemple), la faiblesse ou les difficultés de transmission/reprise illustrent un manque de structuration des entreprises du secteur. Depuis vingt ans, une partie des agences d’architecture se sont transformées pour se développer, exporter leur savoir-faire et mieux protéger juridiquement et socialement leurs équipes, une mutation vers le modèle de l’entreprise qui facilite aujourd’hui la vente et la transmission des agences. Mais l’accès des jeunes ne disposant pas de fonds propres à la reprise d’entreprise reste une difficulté. À l’instar du secteur de l’architecture il y a vingt ans, celui de la production audiovisuelle semble souffrir d’une trop grande atomisation des sociétés, qui freine leur capacité de développement et de conquête de marchés à l’international, et décourage la reprise de l’entreprise en cas de cessation d’activité.
Les inégalités culturelles. Qu’en pensent les Français ?
Authors: Donnat Olivier
Published: June 2015

Les Français sont partagés à propos de la réalité des inégalités culturelles dans notre pays : plus de la moitié d’entre eux considèrent qu’elles sont fortes et presque autant estiment qu’elles ont plutôt augmenté au cours des trente dernières années (14 % pensent qu’elles ont fortement augmenté et 34 % pensent qu’elles ont un peu augmenté). Ce jugement, qui peut sembler sévère, est en réalité à l’image de celui que les Français portent sur les autres domaines de la vie sociale : leur regard sur l’importance des inégalités de revenus ou sur les discriminations, sur l’école et sur la société en général n’est, en effet, pas plus clément. Les Français expriment également un niveau élevé d’attentes en matière de réduction des inégalités culturelles : la très grande majorité d’entre eux partagent l’idée que les pouvoirs publics doivent favoriser l’accès à l’art et à la culture, plus de la moitié (55 %) se prononçant même pour une politique plus ambitieuse dans ce domaine. Cette forte attente à l’égard des pouvoirs publics en matière d’accès à la culture fait écho à celle qui s’exprime également avec force, à l’égard de l’État, sur le terrain économique. Les deux ont d’ailleurs tendance à aller de pair. Plus portées que les hommes à dénoncer les inégalités culturelles, les femmes sont également plus nombreuses à réclamer un renforcement de la politique de démocratisation, notamment quand elles appartiennent aux milieux favorisés. C’est le cas également des personnes qui se situent à gauche (et plus encore à l’extrême gauche) de l’échiquier politique, de celles ayant subi souvent des discriminations et de celles qui appartiennent aux professions intermédiaires. Les jeunes, en revanche, apparaissent en retrait sur la question de la démocratisation.
Nourrir la Chine : géopolitique d’un défi alimentaire
Authors: Chaumet Jean-Marc
Published: June 2015

L’ouverture et les réformes chinoises, entamées en 1978, ont été à l’origine d’une modification majeure du régime alimentaire chinois. La place croissante des produits animaux dans les assiettes chinoises a créé une pression sans précédent sur la production agricole nationale, qui peine à suivre. L’exploitation continue des ressources limitées du pays en terres et eau est à l’origine de conflits internes et de tensions externes, qui devraient s’intensifier à l’avenir. La Chine a donc dû se résoudre à importer pour approvisionner sa population. Mais l’empire du Milieu cherche à limiter sa dépendance vis-à-vis des marchés internationaux et, pour sécuriser son approvisionnement alimentaire, oriente sa stratégie vers des investissements croissants dans les pays étrangers.
Reconnaître dans l’Église des liaisons homosexuelles : un discernement possible ?
Authors: Cossement Christophe
Published: June 2015

Les discussions autour du synode sur la famille contiennent fréquemment des attentes d’une reconnaissance ecclésiale de la valeur de certaines liaisons homosexuelles. En se référant aux indications du Créateur au sujet de l’amour et de la sexualité, on peut voir que, dans ces liaisons, la valeur affective riche de potentialités est à distinguer d’une problématique valeur sexuelle qui ne conduit pas à l’union véritable. Reste alors à éclairer le chemin que la pédagogie divine trace avec chacun.
The Safety and Predictability of Implanting Autologous Lenticule Obtained by SMILE for Hyperopia
Authors: Sun Ling , Yao Peijun , Li Meiyan , Shen Yang , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, stability, and predictability of implanting autologous lenticules obtained from small incision lenticule extraction for the treatment of hyperopia.

METHODS:

Five patients (10 eyes) with one myopic eye and one hyperopic eye were enrolled. The myopic eye was treated with small incision lenticule extraction; a lenticule was extracted and subsequently implanted in the hyperopic eye. Follow-up was at 1 day, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Patients received a complete ophthalmologic examination at each visit, including uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and corneal topography.

RESULTS:

There were no complications in any eye during follow-up. Compared with preoperative levels, at the last follow-up visit the eyes with lenticule implantation showed mean spherical equivalent reduced by 5.53 diopters (residual spherical equivalent was +1.13 to −2.63 diopters), mean uncorrected distance visual acuity increased approximately two lines (approximately 20/63 to 20/40 Snellen), and corrected distance visual acuity in 4 (80%) eyes gained one line, 2 (40%) eyes gained two lines, and 1 (20%) eye gained more than two lines. There was no significant difference (
P
> .05) in spherical equivalent compared with 1 day postoperatively and the last follow-up visit. Corneal topography showed that the lenticule was uniform and located well; anterior segment optical coherence tomography images showed that the lenticule was transparent and the demarcation line was visible.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implanting an autologous lenticule obtained by small incision lenticule extraction for hyperopia might be safe, effective, and stable, but its predictability should be improved in the future.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(6):374–379.]
Spinoza et l’épineuse question de la servitude volontaire
Authors: Abensour Miguel
Published: June 2015

Existe-t-il une hypothèse de la servitude volontaire chez Spinoza ? En partant des tensions qui naissent de l’apparente contradiction entre une telle hypothèse et l’anthropologie spinoziste, le présent article montre qu’il existe bien chez l’auteur du Traité théologico-politique des conditions politiques qui conduisent à l’inversion du conatus, au point de pousser les hommes à combattre « pour leur servitude comme s’il s’agissait de leur salut ». Spinoza tempère l’hypothèse laboétienne : un individu ou un peuple ne saurait de lui-même désirer la servitude, mais peut y être conduit sous l’effet de l’adoption d’une certaine politique ou institution. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de la crainte favorisée par le régime monarchique. La fondation de la République des Hébreux, après la sortie d’Égypte du peuple juif, pose également la question de la servitude volontaire. La pensée spinoziste, ce faisant, témoigne d’un rationalisme politique inquiet, dont on peut s’inspirer aujourd’hui pour réfléchir sur les « causes extérieures cachées » qui peuvent fragiliser, voire contredire, le désir de liberté.
Témoins et réseaux dans les premiers procès contre les « judaïsants » de Valence
Authors: Banères-Monge Patricia
Published: June 2015

L’étude de l’Inquisition dans le district de Valence reposait essentiellement sur l’analyse menée par l’historien Ricardo García Cárcel en 1976. Le nouveau registre que nous avons établi, riche de 3 094 condamnés en grande majorité judéo-convers (93,39 %), nous a servi de fondement pour dresser les contours de ce que fut la répression dans cette région et comprendre le rôle d’une Inquisition qui, entre urgences financières du monarque et uniformisation religieuse et culturelle, bouleversa l’équilibre d’une communauté judéo-converse, de plus en plus intégrée à la société vieille-chrétienne à laquelle elle appartenait depuis sa conversion. La deuxième étape à présent est de porter une attention particulière aux déclarations des témoins tant à charge qu’à décharge. À travers la parole de ces personnes qui venaient déclarer devant les juges, volontairement ou sous la contrainte, nous espérons, à terme, comprendre les liens qui existaient entre les judéo-convers de cette première période de répression et leur entourage proche : famille, voisins, domestiques et contacts professionnels.
Le paysage existe-t-il dans les pays du Sud ? Pistes de recherches sur l’institutionnalisation du paysage
Authors: Gauché Evelyne
Published: June 2015

On ne compte plus, en Occident, les travaux de recherches sur le paysage, que ce soit du point de vue de sa matérialité, des représentations dont il est l’objet, ou des politiques publiques, de plus en plus nombreuses, qui lui sont destinées. Au contraire, dans les pays du Sud, en dehors de la dimension matérielle, les représentations sociales du paysage ont été beaucoup moins étudiées, tandis que les politiques paysagères y sont inexistantes (ou au mieux à l’état d’ébauche). Pourtant, le « paysage à l’occidentale » est en train de pénétrer ces pays selon des modalités diverses, qui se traduisent actuellement par le projet d’élaboration d’une Convention internationale du Paysage, sur le modèle de la Convention Européenne du Paysage (Florence, 2000), processus qui n’a pas encore été étudié. C’est ce qui nous conduit à nous interroger, dans cette contribution, sur les modalités de l’existence du paysage dans les pays du Sud, en tant qu’objet de politiques publiques. À travers une approche qui considère le paysage comme un complexe, fait des interrelations entre ses dimensions matérielle, idéelle (représentations) et Politique (dimension de l’action), dans laquelle, alors, l’action politique est intimement liée aux représentations sociales, cet article interroge le sens donné à la notion de paysage dans les pays du Sud, dans des cultures souvent très éloignées de celle de l’Occident, à travers le prisme de son institutionnalisation. La réflexion débouchera sur des propositions de pistes de recherches au sujet des implications de ce transfert de modèle.
Network-Aware Virtual Machine Placement and Migration in Cloud Data Centers
Authors: Ferdaus Md Hasanul , Murshed Manzur , Calheiros Rodrigo N. , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: June 2015

With the pragmatic realization of computing as a utility, Cloud Computing has recently emerged as a highly successful alternative IT paradigm. Cloud providers are deploying large-scale data centers across the globe to meet the Cloud customers' compute, storage, and network resource demands. Efficiency and scalability of these data centers, as well as the performance of the hosted applications' highly depend on the allocations of the data center resources. Very recently, network-aware Virtual Machine (VM) placement and migration is developing as a very promising technique for the optimization of compute-network resource utilization, energy consumption, and network traffic minimization. This chapter presents the relevant background information and a detailed taxonomy that characterizes and classifies the various components of VM placement and migration techniques, as well as an elaborate survey and comparative analysis of the state of the art techniques. Besides highlighting the various aspects and insights of the network-aware VM placement and migration strategies and algorithms proposed by the research community, the survey further identifies the benefits and limitations of the existing techniques and discusses on the future research directions.
Cloud-Based Healthcare Systems
Authors: Shawish Ahmed , Salama Maria
Published: June 2015

Healthcare is one of the most important sectors in all countries and significantly affects the economy. As such, the sector consumes an average of 9.5% of the gross domestic product across the most developed countries; they should invoke smart healthcare systems to efficiently utilize available resources, vastly handle spontaneous emergencies, and professionally manage the population health records. With the rise of the Cloud and Mobile Computing, a vast variety of added values have been introduced to software and IT infrastructure. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on the new Cloud-based and mobile-based applications that have been developed in the healthcare field. Cloud's availability, scalability, and storage capabilities, in addition to the Mobile's portability, wide coverage, and accessibility features, contributed to the fulfillment of healthcare requirements. The chapter shows how Cloud and Mobile opened a new environment for innovative services in the healthcare field and discusses the open research issues.
Branded Mobile Apps: Possibilities for Advertising in an Emergent Mobile Channel
Authors: Brechman Jean M. , Bellman Steven , Potter Robert F. , Treleaven-Hassard Shiree , Robinson Jennifer A. , Varan Duane
Published: June 2015

Marketing professionals are increasingly interested in creating branded mobile phone applications. These “apps” prominently display a brand's identity throughout the user experience, typically in the form of a brand logo, and are designed to perform a range of functions. This article reviews current available research, and specifically addresses two important areas: (1) the effectiveness of mobile phone apps as a form of persuasive advertising and (2) factors that moderate these effects, specifically creative execution style and product category relevance. This article concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.
Mobile Coupons: Adoption and Use
Authors: Chung Te-Lin (Doreen)
Published: June 2015

Coupons have been used as a sales promotion tool for several decades. As mobile devices are increasingly becoming consumers' personal companions, the role of coupons is changing. Mobile coupons (i.e., coupons delivered via mobile devices) allow companies to deliver time- and location-specific offers to potential customers. Building on previous knowledge of traditional paper coupons and emerging research in mobile communication adoption, some scholars have applied attitudinal and technology-acceptance models to explore consumers' adoption of mobile coupons. Others have explored the design and mechanism of mobile coupons, or the role of mobile coupons as a unique marketing communication channel. In the near future, as consumers' adoption of mobile communication matures, we can expect research on mobile coupons to grow. The broader influences of this tool on consumer behavior merit further exploration.
Exploring the Use of Mobile Devices to Support Teacher Education
Authors: Wishart Jocelyn
Published: June 2015

Early research on personal digital assistants (PDAs), forerunners of today's Smartphones, shows they have the potential to support pre-service teachers' learning and teaching on placement in schools. This article reports results from three such projects conducted with small groups of graduate student teachers in the UK which indicate that handheld devices are particularly supportive of management of learning and teaching and of building knowledge across contexts. However, mobile phones are viewed in schools as disruptive devices and it became apparent that social pressures on trainees using devices that are, in most schools, banned to pupils were impacting negatively on their use of the technology to support their learning. It is therefore argued that, whilst schools are mostly viewed as learning organisations that support staff professional development, in the case of emerging technologies, this isn't always the case and we need to do more to enable the realisation of these benefits of using mobile devices to support initial teacher education.
Mobile Phone Use and Children's Literacy Learning
Authors: Puccioni Jaime , Michaels Lisa R.
Published: June 2015

Mobile phones are relatively inexpensive computing devices commonly found in many low and high income households in the United States as well as communities in developing nations. Researchers have begun to explore the use of mobile phones as a means to improve literacy learning, particularly in underserved communities. This article synthesizes current research examining the ways in which mobile phone use influences children's literacy learning in home- and school-based environments. In particular, the article examines how children's levels of literacy proficiency and familiarity with mobile phones impacts their interactions with the technology. The article concludes by offering suggestions for future literacy research.
Mobile Technology-Enhanced Learning
Authors: Hwang Gwo-Jen
Published: June 2015

Educators have pointed out the necessity of situating students in real-world learning scenarios. They have also indicated the importance of providing a technology-enhanced learning environment that enables students to access digital learning resources in anywhere and at any time. The popularity of mobile and wireless communication technologies has provided a good opportunity to accomplish these objectives. In the past decade, many studies that employ those technologies in various practical educational settings, such as the learning activities of computer, mathematics, engineering, social science and natural science courses, have been reported. In addition, various strategies and tools have been proposed to help students more effectively learn with mobile devices. In this article, the strategies, applications and trends of mobile technology-enhanced learning are reported based on the literature. It is expected that the article would benefit those who are interested in applying mobile technologies to learning activities or training programs.
Internet and Mobile Phone Addiction
Authors: Renau Vanessa , Gil Frederic , Oberst Ursula , Carbonell Xavier
Published: June 2015

New technologies such as the Internet and Mobile Phones are designed to help us stay informed and communicate. Recent studies have suggested that these technologies are likely to affect behavior and behavioral control. Internet and Mobile Phones make it especially easy to communicate emotions and feelings, give us immediate social reinforcement and are permanently accessible. This seems to produce little in the way of real-life effects, but researchers claim there is a possibility of addictive behavior, with a special impact on teenagers and young adults. Seemingly, this effect is different in different cultures. People from Asian countries are more likely to be vulnerable to developing problematic use of the Internet and mobile phones. These considerations lead us to a concern about the risk factors involved in having an Internet or Mobile Phone addiction, how this sort of addiction might affect people, which relation exists between the two and how to diagnose such a condition.
Mobile Communications in Mexico in the Latin American Context
Authors: Mariscal Judith
Published: June 2015

The expansion of the mobile network has a pro-poor tendency; it has provided access to ICT services for those previously excluded from this market. Today, in the age of the Internet and the diffusion of mobile broadband, we are witnessing a new kind of transformation in the lives of the poor. Mobile broadband adoption is replicating at an even faster pace than adoption of mobile telephony. However, there are still challenges ahead for mobile broadband to promote a democratization of the Internet in Latin America: today, mobile broadband penetration is low for Latin American countries, averaging 17%. Besides, the region faces a major constraint in connectivity, where the vast majority of people remain unconnected. The successful appropriation of any ICT requires integral and coordinated polices that include supply and demand variables, where digital skills and valued contents must be promoted.
3D Talking-Head Mobile App
Authors: Ali Ahmad Zamzuri Mohamad , Tan Wee Hoe
Published: June 2015

The 3D talking-head mobile app is a type of mobile app that presents the head of a computer generated three-dimensional animated character that can talk or hold a conversation with human users. It is commonly used for language learning or entertainment, thus the quality of the mobile app is determined by the accuracy and the authenticity of lip synchronization and facial expressions. A typical 3D talking-head mobile app is structured by six key components, i.e., animated 3D head model, voice over scripts, background audio, background graphics, navigational buttons, and instructional captions and subtitles. When the app is meant for educational purposes, the integration of these components requires proficiency in creating an animated 3D talking head, authoring a mobile app, and understanding pedagogical principles for mobile assisted language learning. The mastery of scientific knowledge in these areas is essential to keep abreast with the advancement of mobile technologies and future research direction.
Adolescent Text Messaging
Authors: Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Jones Randall M.
Published: June 2015

Cell phones provide multiple mediums for communication (e.g., voice, text, video) and have become the defining technology of the 21st century. Text messaging (SMS; texting) has become a popular and regular medium for communication among adolescents. When compared to other age groups, adolescents are the most frequent users of text messaging. Adolescents are motivated to use this technology because it allows them to maintain constant communication with their social network in a convenient and private manner. Given the popularity of this technology among adolescents, research has begun to focus on the frequency of use and concerns (e.g., cyberbullying) associated with text messaging. The motivations for the use of text messaging, the influence of text messaging on relationships, and the culture surrounding adolescent text messaging have also motivated researchers and developmental scholars.
Use of Mobile Phones by Individuals with Visual Impairments
Authors: Bengisu Murat
Published: June 2015

Mobile phones are useful devices for communication and applications that can help improve the quality of life of individuals with visual impairments (IVI). Many assistive technologies are available and many more are being developed to reduce dependence on vision and make mobile phones more accessible to IVI. The diffusion of smart phones with touch screens presents some challenges for IVI due to the flat screen surface with no discernable features. However, researchers have already found different ways to overcome this problem by combining the use of different senses and gestures, such as sound, tactile feedback, synthetic speech, voice command, and input by gestures. This article summarizes the challenges faced by IVI in the use of mobile phones and assistive technologies and applications and provides some guidelines for inclusive mobile phone design with regard to IVI.
An Overview of Training and Development Practices in Food and Beverage Outlets
Authors: Ambardar Ankush
Published: June 2015

This chapter aims to identify, investigate and report the importance and usage of training and development practices in food and beverage outlets operating in the region of Chandigarh, India. Based on a survey of 55 food and beverage outlets and their perceptions on training and development practices were assessed by 22 training and development practices and 3 demographic variables. To identify the importance and usage of these practices, descriptive static was incorporated. The study provides a strong indication that there are significant differences on usage and importance of training and development practices in food and beverage outlets in Chandigarh. The study is an attempt to add information to the very little empirical knowledge available referring to the training and development practices in food and beverage industry.
Governance and Capital Accumulation under Globalization
Authors: Ray Kamal , Das Ramesh Chandra , Das Utpal
Published: June 2015

Sustaining good governance is necessarily required for all countries in the world after the phase of globalization, especially when almost the entire world is struck by the global financial crisis originated from the USA. The present study tries to concentrate upon establishing an interlinkage among capital accumulation of a sample of countries with principal components of governance for the time period 1996-2012. Correlation analysis along with the Granger Causality test is applied to identify directions of causalities among capital formation and all the governance indicators. The study observes an inverse relation between governance indicators and capital accumulation for majority of the developing countries and in some cases positive relations for developed countries. Besides, it is observed that there are causal relations from capital formation to governance in most of the developed countries whereas in most of the developing countries there are causalities from governance to capital formation.
Sustaining Governance
Authors: Olaoye Olanrewaju
Published: June 2015

This chapter has three core aims. First, to discuss the concepts of governance and leadership while drawing upon key literatures and qualitative data to make sense of the factors that can enable leadership to sustain governance systems. Second, the chapter explores the practice of leadership at the Greater London Authority (GLA) level in the United Kingdom (UK) in order to establish features synonymous with the practice of leadership. Third, the relations between governance and leadership are explored so as to better understand how the latter is employed in sustaining the governance process at the GLA level in the UK.
Globalisation, Investment, and Global Economic Growth
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: June 2015

For any economy to be healthy, a strong financial system is required to efficiently move funds from unproductive to productive economic agents. Banks play an important role in this respect as their presence and structure reduces the problems of adverse selection, moral hazard, and asymmetric information. Recent decades have been overshadowed by a series of systemic banking crises that have left many parts of the developing world gasping for breath. In particular, economies like Mexico and the East Asian tigers have been hit hard both during and in the aftermath of such financial misadventures. This chapter thus attempts to examine the causes of banking crises in the light of available evidence. More specifically, the research enumerates and analyses the role of both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors in precipitating such crises through a critical examination of the existing literature, and illustrates each factor with examples from key pan-global financial catastrophes.
Business Investment and the Nigerian Investible Capital Haemorrhage in Financial Crises
Authors: Adetiloye Kehinde Adekunle
Published: June 2015

The global financial crises that happened between 2007 and 2010 had deleterious effects on countries across the world including Nigeria with regard to their respective levels of globalisation. This was evidenced with sudden outflows of capital emanating from the capital market that impacted negatively on the banking system. The chapter has adopted a number of variables among which are investment and net portfolio investments and external reserves. The main technique used is the regression (both single and two-stage) the results of which indicate that the investment was not negatively impacted by the portfolio investment but had significantly negative effect on the external reserve and the saving of the country. The chapter recommends a better control of the capital out flows and improvement in the business environment to reduce the capital haemorrhage faced by the Nigerian economy.
О преобразованиях Беклунда, связывающих различные уравнения Гамильтона-Якоби
Authors: Sozonov Aleksei Petrovich , Tsiganov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: June 2015

Обсуждается один из возможных конечномерных аналогов общего преобразования Беклунда, связывающего различные уравнения в частных производных. Показано, как различные уравнения Гамильтона-Якоби могут быть получены из одной и той же матрицы Лакса. В качестве примера рассмотрены системы Энона-Эйлеса на плоскости, системы Неймана и Чаплыгина на сфере и две интегрируемые системы с потенциалами, зависящими от скоростей.
Comparação da regulação florestal de projetos de fomento com áreas próprias de empresas florestais
Authors: Rode Rafael , Leite Helio Garcia , Oliveira Marcio Leles Romarco , Binoti Daniel Henrique Breda , Ribeiro Carlos Antonio Alvares Soares , Souza Agostinho Lopes , Silva Márcio Lopes , Cosenza Diogo Nepomuceno
Published: June 2015

Neste estudo, comparou-se o planejamento florestal de projetos de fomento com áreas próprias de empresas florestais. A área total das empresas contempladas no estudo foi de 41.178 ha distribuída em 299 talhões, e a área dos fomentos foi de 2.445 ha, considerando 144 propriedades rurais. O planejamento envolveu programação linear, com objetivo de maximizar o valor anual equivalente (VAE) sob a condição (restrições) de uma estrutura regulada ao final do planejamento. Dois cenários foram avaliados: a) modelo individual - áreas dos fomentados e das empresas em modelos separados, e b) modelo único – áreas dos fomentados e das empresas em um mesmo modelo de programação. A diferença do VAE do modelo individual para o modelo único, mostrou-se desfavorável para os fomentos, pois reduziu seu valor em 14%. Já nas áreas das empresas, a solução da regulação única mostrou-se favorável com aumento do VAE em aproximadamente 1%. Verificou-se em um novo cenário do modelo único que, caso a madeira dos fomentos fosse vendida em pé, o VAE global destas áreas aumentaria em 0,9%, sendo, mais interessante aos proprietários.
Winter speed-up of quiescent surge-type glaciers in Yukon, Canada
Authors: Abe T. , Furuya M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Glacier surges often initiate in winter, but the mechanism remains unclear in contrast to the well-known summer speed-up at normal glaciers. To better understand the mechanism, we used radar images to examine spatial-temporal changes in the ice velocity of surge-type glaciers near the border of Alaska and the Yukon, focusing on their quiescent phase. We found significant accelerations in the upstream region from autumn to winter, regardless of surging episodes. Moreover, the winter speed-up propagated from upstream to downstream. Given the absence of surface meltwater input in winter, we suggest the presence of water storage near the base that does not directly connect to the surface, yet can promote basal sliding through increased water pressure. Our findings have implications for the modelling of glacial hydrology in winter, which may help us better understand glacier dynamics.
Videojuegos en las aulas: implicaciones de una innovación disruptiva para desarrollar las Inteligencias Múltiples
Authors: Del Moral Pérez María Esther , Fernández García Laura Carlota
Published: June 2015

Con el presente estudio se pretende identificar el entramado de variables de índole personal, organizativo y técnico que contribuyen a la viabilidad y éxito de prácticas educativas innovadoras con videojuegos dentro del contexto escolar para potenciar las Inteligencias Múltiples. Para lo cual se aprovechó la información recabada mediante un cuestionario sobre las opiniones, reflexiones y experiencias de un grupo de docentes de educación infantil y primaria (N=25) que participaron voluntariamente en una actividad formativa de carácter semipresencial -realizada desde el Centro de Profesores (CEFIRE) de Valencia-, en torno a una comunidad de práctica orientada a impulsar y asesorar proyectos de implementación didáctica de videojuegos en las aulas. La metodología mixta adoptada permitió: a) describir la relación existente entre su grado de desenvolvimiento y uso cotidiano que hacen de las TIC en el aula, su nivel de familiarización con los videojuegos, su experiencia previa para integrarlos con fines educativos…, y su participación en proyectos que apuestan por el aprendizaje basado en juegos; b) efectuar el análisis de contenido de las opiniones y reflexiones vertidas en un foro por los docentes sobre la innovación realizada, así como sus estrategias metodológicas adoptadas plasmadas en un tablón virtual; y, c) elaborar un análisis DAFO: Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades inherentes a la implementación de experiencias con videojuegos en el aula. Entre las conclusiones se destaca que, a pesar de que mayoritariamente no contaban con una formación específica, ni con recursos tecnológicos suficientes y que la planificación e implementación de la innovación les supuso una gran inversión de tiempo, su interés personal, la ayuda dispensada por los miembros de la comunidad de práctica online contribuyó a alentar su actividad, junto con la receptividad, actitud positiva y alta motivación del alumnado con la experiencia, han sido factores determinantes para promover prácticas innovadoras exitosas con videojuegos.
Redes sociales y aprendizaje cooperativo en un MOOC
Authors: Castaño Garrido Carlos , Maiz Olazabalaga Inmaculada , Garay Ruiz Urtza
Published: June 2015

Los cursos MOOC están alterando el panorama educativo y recibiendo gran atención de la literatura científica. Sin embargo, el diseño pedagógico de estas propuestas ha sido puesto en entredicho. Es precisamente el aspecto social de los MOOC, esto es, la interacción entre los participantes del curso y el apoyo a los procesos de aprendizaje uno de los grandes temas de interés. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada en la Universidad del País Vasco centrada en el aprendizaje cooperativo y en la utilización intensiva de Redes Sociales en un curso MOOC. Se han recopilado datos significativos mediante encuestas tipo Likert que revelan que el uso de las redes sociales, tanto externas como internas, de un curso online masivo y abierto, es un factor valorado positivamente por los estudiantes. Se defiende que la utilización de Redes Sociales como estrategia de aprendizaje en un curso MOOC influye en el rendimiento académico y las tasas de éxito de los estudiantes. Además, la edad de los participantes influye en las Redes Sociales utilizadas, encontrando que mientras que los más jóvenes tienden a trabajar en redes externas como Twitter o blogs personales, los de más edad se decantan por los foros que la plataforma Chamilo o la red Ning proporcionan.
Uso problemático de las redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez José , Ruiz-Palmero Julio , Sánchez Rivas Enrique
Published: June 2015

Los avances que están produciéndose en el ámbito académico con el surgimiento de herramientas de la Web 2.0 y el empleo masivo por parte de los estudiantes de la redes sociales para comunicarse entre ellos, está haciendo que el panorama educativo se encuentre ante unos desafíos a los que tiene que dar respuesta. La investigación que aquí se presenta tuvo como objetivo principal analizar el estado del empleo de la redes sociales por parte alumnado universitario, así como los posibles malos hábitos y usos problemáticos de las mismas. Se utilizó como instrumento de recogida de información un cuestionario “ad hoc” con un total de 23 ítems. Se concluye que el alumnado en general no posee malos hábitos en el empleo de las redes sociales, igualmente los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que su utilización no está plenamente integrada en las instituciones universitarias de educación superior, así como que los estudiantes no las emplean/usan como herramienta fundamental para las resolución de cuestiones académicas.
¿Son adictos a las redes sociales los estudiantes universitarios?
Authors: Marín Díaz Verónica , Sampedro Requena Begoña Esther , Muñoz González Juan Manuel
Published: June 2015

El desarrollo de Internet y más concretamente de las redes sociales ha supuesto dar una nueva visión a los diferentes aspectos que giran alrededor de la vida de los sujetos, siendo uno de ellos las adicciones, y más concretamente las que se pueden presentar en torno a las tecnologías. En este estudio presentamos los resultados de una investigación realizada entre alumnado universitario de la macroárea de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas sobre la adicción de estos a Internet en general y a las redes sociales en particular, todo ello a través de un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La muestra participante estuvo conformada por 373 sujetos de las provincias de Granada, Sevilla, Málaga y Córdoba. Para ello se ha empleado el cuestionario diseñado por Young, el cual ha sido traducido al español. El objetivo principal de partida ha sido determinar si los estudiantes universitarios pueden ser considerados adictos a las redes sociales. El resultado más destacado es que los alumnos de las titulaciones estudiadas no sienten ser adictos a Internet ni a las redes sociales, en concreto las mujeres reflejan una mayor distancia con las redes. Es significativo que los datos logrados difieren de los encontrados en la literatura revisada. Por lo que cabe preguntarse si el alumnado se encuentra en la fase de negación de la adicción.
Coping with the big data dump: Towards a framework for enhanced information representation
Authors: Kratky Andreas , Kuhn Virginia , Eikenes Jon Olav
Published: June 2015

Easy and efficient access to large amounts of data has become an essential aspect of our everyday life. In this paper we investigate possibilities of supporting information representation through the combined use of multiple modalities of perceptions such as sight, touch and kinesthetics. We present a theoretical framework to analyze these approaches and exemplify our findings with case studies of three emergent projects. The results are a contribution to a larger discussion of multimodal information representation at the intersection of theory and practice.
Towards more helpful bus tracker apps for blind transit riders
Authors: Babu Rakesh , Fuller Paige
Published: June 2015

Bus trackers aid in travel planning with real-time bus arrival and location information. However, their sight-centered design means they’re inherently challenging for the blind. A clear understanding of their help-seeking situations in interacting with bus trackers is necessary to design appropriate help features as a solution.We present a qualitative method to study help-seeking situations of blind users in interacting with bus-trackers, and illustrate its application on the use of CTA bus tracker. Think-aloud observation of seven participants generated verbal reports of performing bus-tracking activities. Qualitative analysis explained what, where, and how help-seeking situations arose in learning the interface, in site interaction, determining estimated time of arrival, requesting ETA alerts, and finding bus location. We elaborate results pertinent to key help-seeking situations, the underlying help needs, and design implications for appropriate help features. The paper contributes a feasible qualitative method to study help-seeking situations, as well as valuable insights into the thoughts, actions and perceptions of blind users in real time bus tracking. This represents the first step towards developing the tool to transform the 45 million blind citizens into empowered transit riders. Implications for transit agencies, real time systems designers, and research in travel management, human-computer interaction and cognitive science are discussed.
Struggles of Underrepresented Girls as They Become Women: Understanding How Race & Gender that Impact Personal Science Identity Construction
Authors: Farland-Smith Donna
Published: June 2015

This article looks broadly at the critical aspects involved in the “struggle” on different phases of one’s academic life in order to observe how underrepresented girls take a variety of experiences with scientists and internalize them into their personal science identities. Some of the central struggles discussed are perceptions of scientists at crucial developmental times in relation to formal schooling. How do underrepresented girls feel in the science classroom? How do underrepresented girls feel with a teacher who is not their same race? Or a school that is dominated by white students and white teachers? How do underrepresented feel when textbooks favor White scientists and their accomplishments? An analysis about the understanding of how girls interpret “the struggles” at varying points of their lives introduces the importance of a multidimensional approach to understanding student perceptions of scientists and science is presented. This chapter will also the power of role models as a means of embracing the struggles underrepresented girls go through. As girls experience mentor scientists to shape their perception of those who pursue careers in science and what it is that scientists do.
The Impact of Portfolio Assessment on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Achievement and Motivation
Authors: Nassirdoost Parinaz , Mall-Amiri Behdokht
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of portfolio assessment on EFL learners’ vocabulary achievement and motivation. To carry out the study, 90 female learners of Marefat language school located in Maragheh, Iran were non-randomly selected. They took a Preliminary English Test (PET) test and among these 90 participants 60 students aged between15 and 20 were selected as homogenous samples. These 60 intermediate learners were the main participants of this study. Then, they were randomly put into experimental and control groups. The participants were checked for not knowing the intended vocabulary items intended to be taught and tested in the pre-test. Also, both groups were shown to be homogeneous in terms of their motivation. Both control and experimental groups attended 12 sessions with the same instructional material. The control group received the traditional assessment while the experimental group received portfolio assessment, i.e., they were asked to make portfolios. They were given two piloted post-tests of vocabulary achievement and motivation immediately after treatment sessions. Quantitative analysis revealed that the use of portfolio assessment had a significant effect on EFL learners’ vocabulary achievement but; it did not affect EFL learners’ motivation level. Findings suggest that teachers can benefit from portfolios to arm the learners with appropriate material leading to their improvement in language skills.