bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminin-332 γ2 Monomeric Chain Promotes Adhesion and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Scialpi Rosanna , Arrè Valentina , Giannelli Gianluigi , Dituri Francesco
Published: January 2023

Extracellular matrix (ECM) has a well-recognized impact on the progression of solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Laminin 332 (Ln332) is a ECM molecule of epithelial basal lamina, composed of three polypeptide chains (α3, β3, and γ2), that is usually poorly expressed in the normal liver but is detected at high levels in HCC. This macromolecule was shown to promote the proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance of HCC cells. The monomeric γ2 chain is up-regulated and localized preferentially at the invasive edge of metastatic intrahepatic HCC nodules, suggesting its potential involvement in the acquisition of invasive properties of HCC cells. HCC cells were tested in in vitro adhesion, scattering, and transwell migration assays in response to fibronectin and the Ln332 and Ln332 γ2 chains, and the activation status of major signaling pathways involved was evaluated. Here, we show that the Ln332 γ2 chain promotes HCC the cell adhesion, migration, and scattering of HCC cells that express the Ln332 receptor α3β1 integrin, proving to be a causal factor of the EMT program achievement. Moreover, we found that efficient HCC cell adhesion and migration on γ2 require the activation of the small cytosolic GTPase Rac1 and ERKs signaling. These data suggest that the γ2 chain, independently from the full-length Ln332, can contribute to the pro-invasive potential of aggressive HCC cell subpopulations.
The Tumor Microenvironment in Tumorigenesis and Therapy Resistance Revisited
Authors: Dzobo Kevin , Senthebane Dimakatso A. , Dandara Collet
Published: January 2023

Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process involving cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that allow tumor cell growth, drug resistance and metastasis. This review provides an updated summary of the role played by the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and hypoxia in tumorigenesis, and highlight various ways through which tumor cells reprogram normal cells into phenotypes that are pro-tumorigenic, including cancer associated- fibroblasts, -macrophages and -endothelial cells. Tumor cells secrete numerous factors leading to the transformation of a previously anti-tumorigenic environment into a pro-tumorigenic environment. Once formed, solid tumors continue to interact with various stromal cells, including local and infiltrating fibroblasts, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and secreted factors and the ECM within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is key to tumorigenesis, drug response and treatment outcome. Importantly, stromal cells and secreted factors can initially be anti-tumorigenic, but over time promote tumorigenesis and induce therapy resistance. To counter hypoxia, increased angiogenesis leads to the formation of new vascular networks in order to actively promote and sustain tumor growth via the supply of oxygen and nutrients, whilst removing metabolic waste. Angiogenic vascular network formation aid in tumor cell metastatic dissemination. Successful tumor treatment and novel drug development require the identification and therapeutic targeting of pro-tumorigenic components of the TME including cancer-associated- fibroblasts (CAFs) and -macrophages (CAMs), hypoxia, blocking ECM-receptor interactions, in addition to the targeting of tumor cells. The reprogramming of stromal cells and the immune response to be anti-tumorigenic is key to therapeutic success. Lastly, this review highlights potential TME- and hypoxia-centered therapies under investigation.
In Situ Surface Reconstruction of Catalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Pan Junan , Gong Gu , Song Renxuan , Yuan Ye , Li Mengzhu , Hu Weifeng , Fan Pengcheng , Yuan Lexing , Wang Longlu
Published: January 2023

The in situ surface reconstitution of a catalyst for hydrogen evolution refers to its structure evolution induced by strong interactions with reaction intermediates during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which eventually leads to the self-optimization of active sites. In consideration of the superior performance that can be achieved by in situ surface reconstitution, more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between active site structure evolution and the self-optimization of HER activity. More and more in situ and/or operando techniques have been explored to track the dynamic structural evolution of HER catalysts in order to clarify the underlying mechanism. This review summarizes recent advances in various types of reconstruction such as the reconfiguration of crystallinity, morphological evolution, chemical composition evolution, phase transition refactoring, surface defects, and interface refactoring in the HER process. Finally, different perspectives and outlooks are offered to guide future investigations. This review is expected to provide some new clues for a deeper understanding of in situ surface reconfiguration in hydrogen evolution reactions and the targeted design of catalysts with desirable structures.
Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Benzynes, Benzylic/Allylic Bromides and 1,1-Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methane
Authors: Bao Zhicheng , Wu Chaoqiang , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2023

We report herein a palladium-catalyzed three-component cross-coupling reaction of 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, benzylic/allylic bromides and 1,1-bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methane. The reaction, which affords benzyl boronates as the products, represents the first example of using 1,1-bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methane in a cross-coupling reaction involving benzyne species.
New Insight into Short Time Exogenous Formaldehyde Application Mediated Changes in Chlorophytum comosum L. (Spider Plant) Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Skłodowska Maria , Świercz-Pietrasiak Urszula , Krasoń Małgorzata , Chuderska Anita , Nawrocka Justyna
Published: January 2023

Chlorophytum comosum L. plants are known to effectively absorb air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO). Since the metabolic and defense responses of C. comosum to HCHO are poorly understood, in the present study, biochemical changes in C. comosum leaves induced by 48 h exposure to exogenous HCHO, applied as 20 mg m−3, were analyzed. The observed changes showed that HCHO treatment caused no visible harmful effects on C. comosum leaves and seemed to be effectively metabolized by this plant. HCHO application caused no changes in total chlorophyll (Chl) and Chl a content, increased Chl a/b ratio, and decreased Chl b and carotenoid content. HCHO treatment affected sugar metabolism, towards the utilization of sucrose and synthesis or accumulation of glucose, and decreased activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, suggesting that these enzymes do not play any pivotal role in amino acid transformations during HCHO assimilation. The total phenolic content in leaf tissues did not change in comparison to the untreated plants. The obtained results suggest that HCHO affects nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, effectively influencing photosynthesis, shortly after plant exposure to this volatile compound. It may be suggested that the observed changes are related to early HCHO stress symptoms or an early step of the adaptation of cells to HCHO treatment. The presented results confirm for the first time the direct influence of short time HCHO exposure on the studied parameters in the C. comosum plant leaf tissues.
Impaired Intestinal Permeability of Tricellular Tight Junctions in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Mixed Bowel Habits (IBS-M)
Authors: Awad Karem , Barmeyer Christian , Bojarski Christian , Nagel Oliver , Lee In-Fah M. , Schweiger Michal R. , Schulzke Jörg-Dieter , Bücker Roland
Published: January 2023

Background: The underlying pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhea, constipation, and antigen uptake in mixed-type IBS (IBS-M). Methods: Colonoscopic biopsies were obtained from IBS-M patients. Epithelial transport and barrier function of colonic mucosae were characterized in Ussing chambers using impedance spectroscopy. Mucosal permeability to macromolecules was measured. Western blotting for tight junction (TJ) proteins was performed and their subcellular localization was visualized by confocal microscopy. RNA-sequencing was performed for gene expression and signaling pathway analysis. Results: In IBS-M, epithelial resistance and ENaC-dependent sodium absorption were unchanged, while short-circuit current reflecting chloride secretion was reduced. Concomitantly, epithelial permeability for fluorescein and FITC-dextran-4000 increased. TJ protein expression of occludin decreased, whereas claudins were unaltered. Confocal microscopy revealed the de-localization of tricellulin from tricellular TJs. Involved pathways were detected as proinflammatory cytokine pathways, LPS, PGE2, NGF, and vitamin D. Conclusions: Decreased anion secretion explains constipation in IBS-M, while ion permeability and sodium absorption were unaltered. Reduced occludin expression resulted in the delocalization of tricellulin from the tricellular TJ, leading to increased macromolecular permeability that contributes to antigen influx into the mucosa and perpetuates a low-grade inflammatory process.
The Roles of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Coronary Collateral Growth Induced by Repetitive Ischemia
Authors: Enrick Molly , Jamaiyar Anurag , Ohanyan Vahagn , Juguilon Cody , Kolz Christopher , Shi Xin , Janota Danielle , Wan Weiguo , Richardson Devan , Stevanov Kelly , Hakobyan Tatevik , Shockling Lindsay , Diaz Arianna , Usip Sharon , Dong Feng , Zhang Ping , Chilian William M. , Yin Liya
Published: January 2023

Many clinical trials have attempted to use stem cells to treat ischemic heart diseases (IHD), but the benefits have been modest. Though coronary collaterals can be a “natural bypass” for IHD patients, the regulation of coronary collateral growth (CCG) and the role of endogenous stem cells in CCG are not fully understood. In this study, we used a bone marrow transplantation scheme to study the role of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in a rat model of CCG. Transgenic GFP rats were used to trace BMSCs after transplantation; GFP bone marrow was harvested or sorted for bone marrow transplantation. After recovering from transplantation, the recipient rats underwent 10 days of repetitive ischemia (RI), with echocardiography before and after RI, to measure cardiac function and myocardial blood flow. At the end of RI, the rats were sacrificed for the collection of bone marrow for flow cytometry or heart tissue for imaging analysis. Our study shows that upon RI stimulation, BMSCs homed to the recipient rat hearts’ collateral-dependent zone (CZ), proliferated, differentiated into endothelial cells, and engrafted in the vascular wall for collateral growth. These RI-induced collaterals improved coronary blood flow and cardiac function in the recipients’ hearts during ischemia. Depletion of donor CD34+ BMSCs led to impaired CCG in the recipient rats, indicating that this cell population is essential to the process. Overall, these results show that BMSCs contribute to CCG and suggest that regulation of the function of BMSCs to promote CCG might be a potential therapeutic approach for IHD.
Sr2TiSi2O8 (STS) Polar Glass-Ceramics: Effect of Na2O and CaO Additions in the Parent Glass on the Crystallization Mechanism and on the Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Gonon Maurice , Satha Soufyane , Zanin Thomas , Satha Hamid , Abdelouhab Sandra
Published: January 2023

Glass-ceramics containing pyroelectric Sr2TiSi2O8 (STS) crystals are produced from parent glasses of compositions STS + 0.8 SiO2 + (0.2 − x) Na2O + x CaO, with x = 0; 0.05; 0.10; and 0.15. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the additions to the stoichiometric STS composition on the crystallization mechanisms and on the piezoelectric properties of the glass-ceramic. The DSC analyses evidence that the glass transition temperatures Tg, the onset temperature of the crystallization peak To and the temperature Tc of the maximum of this peak increase with the CaO/Na2O ratio. On the basis of the DSC data, the crystallization of the parent glass samples was operated by thermal treatment. The observation of the cross-sections of the heat-treated samples highlights that the competition between the surface and volume crystallization mechanisms is influenced by the CaO/Na2O ratio and the temperature. For all the samples, the XRD analyses performed on the surfaces as obtained after the crystallization treatment evidenced a preferential orientation of the STS crystals with the plans (00l) parallel to the surface. The XRD analyses performed after grinding the surface show that only the surface crystallized layers are preferentially oriented. Moreover, changes in preferential orientation to plans (202) or (201) are observed over the depth, depending on the composition and the temperature of the thermal treatment. These changes influence the polarization of the surface crystallized layer and, consequently, its piezoelectric charge coefficient d33. The highest values of d33 were measured on the glass-ceramic samples exhibiting mainly a (202) preferential orientation over their thickness.
Orthopedics and Trauma in Children: Key Problems and Future Insights
Authors: Ghandour Maher , Klotz Matthias , Horsch Axel
Published: January 2023

Orthopedic disorders among children are frequently encountered in clinical practice [...]
Visual Lip Reading Dataset in Turkish
Authors: Berkol Ali , Tümer-Sivri Talya , Pervan-Akman Nergis , Çolak Melike , Erdem Hamit
Published: January 2023

The promised dataset was obtained from daily Turkish words and phrases pronounced by various people in videos posted on YouTube. The purpose of compiling the dataset was to provide a method for the detection of the spoken word by recognizing patterns or classifying lip movements with supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning, and machine learning algorithms. Most of the datasets related to lip reading consist of people recorded on camera with fixed backgrounds and the same conditions, but the dataset presented here consists of images compatible with machine learning models developed for real-life challenges. It contains a total of 2335 instances taken from TV series, movies, vlogs, and song clips on YouTube. The images in the dataset vary due to factors such as the way people say words, accents, speaking rate, gender, and age. Furthermore, the instances in the dataset consist of videos with different angles, shadows, resolution, and brightness that are not created manually. The most important feature of our lip reading dataset is that we contribute to the non-synthetic Turkish dataset pool, which does not have wide dataset varieties. Machine learning studies can be carried out in many areas, such as education, security, and social life with this dataset.
Cell-Free DNA as a New Biomarker of IVF Success, Independent of Any Infertility Factor, Including Endometriosis
Authors: Casteleiro Alves Maria Manuel , Oliani Luísa , Almeida Micaela , Cardoso Henrique José , Oliani António Hélio , Breitenfeld Luiza , Ramalhinho Ana Cristina
Published: January 2023

Cell-free DNA fragments detected in blood and in other biological fluids are released from apoptotic/necrotic cells. In this study, we analyzed cfDNA levels in follicular fluid (FF) samples from patients with infertility. Samples were collected from 178 infertile women and cfDNA was extracted and quantified by qPCR, using ALU115 and ALU247 primers, and statistical correlations were performed. We found that cfDNA concentration was significantly higher in FF pools from women aged 35 and over than in women under 35 years of age (p = 0.017). We also found that q247 cfDNA levels were significantly higher in women with an associated female factor, such as endometriosis, PCOS and POF, compared with women with no specific cause of infertility (p = 0.033). The concentration of cfDNA did not vary significantly in each group of women with an associated female factor. The concentration of cfDNA was significantly higher in the FF of women that obtained embryos with a high fragmentation rate, compared to embryos with a low fragmentation rate (p = 0.007). Finally, we found that women who did not become pregnant during IVF treatments had higher q247 cfDNA levels (p = 0.043). The quantification of cfDNA could be an important biomarker of follicular micro-environment quality to predict embryo quality and the success of IVF, making them more specific and effective.
Diagnostic Considerations of Intermetatarsal Bursitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Larsen Sif Binder , Søgaard Stinne Byrholdt , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Torp-Pedersen Søren Tobias
Published: January 2023

Intermetatarsal bursitis (IMB) is an inflammation of the intermetatarsal bursas. The condition causes forefoot pain with symptoms similar to those of Morton’s neuroma (MN). Some studies suggest that IMB is a contributing factor to the development of MN, while others describe the condition as a differential diagnosis. Among patients with rheumatic diseases, IMB is frequent, but the scope is yet to be understood. The aim of this paper was to investigate the diagnostic considerations of IMB and its role in metatarsalgia by a systematic review approach. We identified studies about IMB by searching the electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science in September 2022. Of 1362 titles, 28 met the inclusion criteria. They were subdivided according to topic: anatomical studies (n = 3), studies of patients with metatarsalgia (n = 10), and studies of patients with rheumatic diseases (n = 15). We conclude that IMB should be considered a cause of pain in patients with metatarsalgia and patients with rheumatic diseases. For patients presenting with spreading toes/V-sign, IMB should be a diagnostic consideration. Future diagnostic studies about MN should take care to apply a protocol that is able to differ IMB from MN, to achieve a better understanding of their respective role in forefoot pain.
An Approach to Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hypopituitarism: Overcoming the Pediatric Challenges
Authors: Vlad Raluca Maria , Albu Alice Ioana , Nicolaescu Irina Delia , Dobritoiu Ruxandra , Carsote Mara , Sandru Florica , Albu Dragos , Păcurar Daniela
Published: January 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hypopituitarism is a rare polymorphic complication of brain injury, with very little data, particularly concerning children and teenagers. This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding this pathology, starting from a new pediatric case. The research was conducted on PubMed and included publications from the last 22 years. We identified nine original studies on the pediatric population (two case reports and seven studies; only four of these seven were prospective studies). TBI-related hypopituitarism is associated with isolated hormonal deficits ranging from 22.5% to 86% and multiple hormonal deficiencies from 5.9% to 50% in the studied pediatric population. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is most often found, including the form with late occurrence after TBI; it was described as persistent in half of the studies. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency is identified as a distant complication following TBI; in all three studies, we identified this complication was found to be permanent. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency did not relate to a certain type of brain trauma, and it was transient in reported cases. Hyperprolactinemia was the most frequent hormonal finding, also occurring late after injury. Central diabetes insipidus was encountered early post-TBI, typically with a transient pattern and did not relate to a particular type of injury. TBI-related hypopituitarism, although rare in children, should be taken into consideration even after a long time since the trauma. A multidisciplinary approach is needed if the patient is to safely overcome any acute condition.
Genomic Characterization of Rare Primary Cardiac Sarcoma Entities
Authors: Gozzellino Livia , Nannini Margherita , Pizzi Carmine , Leone Ornella , Corti Barbara , Indio Valentina , Baldovini Chiara , Paolisso Pasquale , Foà Alberto , Pacini Davide , Folesani Gianluca , Schipani Angela , Costa Alice , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza , Astolfi Annalisa
Published: January 2023

Primary cardiac sarcomas are considered rare malignant entities associated with poor prognosis. In fact, knowledge regarding their gene signature and possible treatments is still limited. In our study, whole-transcriptome sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from one cardiac osteosarcoma and one cardiac leiomyosarcoma was performed, to investigate their mutational profiles and to highlight differences and/or similarities to other cardiac histotypes. Both cases have been deeply detailed from a pathological point of view. The osteosarcoma sample presented mutations involving ATRX, ERCC5, and COL1A1, while the leiomyosarcoma case showed EXT2, DNM2, and PSIP1 alterations. Altered genes, along with the most differentially expressed genes in the leiomyosarcoma or osteosarcoma sample versus the cardiac angiosarcomas and intimal sarcomas (e.g., YAF2, PAK5, and CRABP1), appeared to be associated with cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and the repair of DNA damage, which are key mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis. Moreover, a distinct gene expression profile was detected in the osteosarcoma sample when compared to other cardiac sarcomas. For instance, WIF1, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation, was upregulated in our bone tumor. These findings pave the way for further studies on these entities, in order to identify targeted therapies and, therefore, improve patients’ prognoses.
Feasibility of Using the Brazilian Version of the GloboDiet Software to Collect Dietary Intake Data
Authors: Andrade Gustavo Rosa Gentil , Cacau Leandro Teixeira , De Carli Eduardo , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Benseñor Isabela Martins , Marchioni Dirce Maria
Published: January 2023

Technological advances, such as the GloboDiet software, have enabled the development of instruments to standardize dietary data collection through the 24-h dietary recall (24HR). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the Brazilian version of the GloboDiet software. The 24HR method guided by the GloboDiet software was applied by face-to-face (n = 2093) interviews and a second measurement by telephone (n = 1084) interviews with participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The adherence rate was calculated using data from control worksheets filled out by interviewers, whereas the Chi-square test was used to assess differences between sociodemographic groups and the participants’ final adherence status. For the interview’s duration, the data were presented as the median and the interquartile range—IQR (Q1–Q3 (25–75%)). Non-parametric tests were used to assess differences among individuals in terms of the total duration and stages of the interview. Adherence rates were 82.8% face-to-face and 68.4% telephone interviews. The total duration of the face-to-face and telephone interviews was 30.7 (IQR, 23.3–40.7) and 35.3 (IQR, 25.3–49.7) minutes (p < 0.001). These results evidence that the GloboDiet software is viable for the routine of an epidemiological study.
Effect of Temporary Cement, Surface Pretreatment and Tooth Area on the Bond Strength of Adhesively Cemented Ceramic Overlays—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Grinberga Sanita , Papia Evaggelia , Aleksejuniene Jolanta , Zalite Vita , Locs Janis , Soboleva Una
Published: January 2023

Several viewpoints have been reported regarding the effect of temporary cements, different surface pretreatment protocols before adhesive cementation, and predictive factors. This in vitro study tested if temporary cement, pretreatment of the tooth surface, the size of enamel or dentine influence adhesive cementation to zirconia ceramics. Twenty premolars were prepared for determination of enamel and dentin area, bond strength test and failure analysis. The samples were divided into two groups: untreated prior adhesive cementation (n = 10) and with temporary cementation done, pretreated prior adhesive cementation (n = 10). Zirconia overlays (Katana Zirconia STML) were cemented on the grounded flat teeth surfaces using Panavia V5. An additional six premolars underwent dentine tubule analysis with SEM to detect temporary cement residues after temporary cementation on an untreated tooth surface (n = 3) and on a pretreated surface (n = 3). The independent sample t-test was used to compare the two groups and the means of the total tooth, dentin or enamel areas did not differ significantly between the untreated and pretreated specimens. The mean tensile bond strength was significantly (p = 0.005) higher in the pretreated specimens (337N) than in the untreated ones (204N). The overall multivariable linear regression model with three predictors (surface pre-treatment, enamel area and dentine area) was significant (p = 0.003), among which the size of enamel was the strongest predictor (β = 0.506; p = 0.049), followed by the pretreatment effect (β = 0.478; p = 0.001) and the size of dentin area (β = −0.105; p = 0.022).
Double Model Following Adaptive Control for a Complex Dynamical Network
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Wang Yinhe , Li Shengping
Published: January 2023

This paper formulates and solves a new problem of the double model following adaptive control (MFAC) of nodes and links in a complex dynamical network (CDN). This is different from most existing studies on CDN and MFAC. Inspired by the concept of composite systems, the CDN with dynamic links is regarded as an interconnected system composed of an interconnected node group (NG) and link group (LG). Guided by the above-mentioned new idea of viewing a CDN from the perspective of composite systems, by means of Lyapunov theory and proposed related mathematical preliminaries, a new adaptive control scheme is proposed for NG. In addition, to remove the restriction that the states of links in a CDN are unavailable due to physical constraints, technical restraints, and expensive measurement costs, we synthesize the coupling term in LG with the proposed adaptive control scheme for NG, such that the problem of double MFAC of nodes and links in CDN is solved. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the theoretical results.
Quantum Manifestation of the Classical Bifurcation in the Driven Dissipative Bose–Hubbard Dimer
Authors: Muraev Pavel , Maksimov Dmitrii , Kolovsky Andrey
Published: January 2023

We analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of the driven dissipative Bose–Hubbard dimer. Under variation of the driving frequency, the classical system is shown to exhibit a bifurcation to the limit cycle, where its steady-state solution corresponds to periodic oscillation with the frequency unrelated to the driving frequency. This bifurcation is shown to lead to a peculiarity in the stationary single-particle density matrix of the quantum system. The case of the Bose–Hubbard trimer, where the discussed limit cycle bifurcates into a chaotic attractor, is briefly discussed.
Rainwater-Removal Image Conversion Learning with Training Pair Augmentation
Authors: Han Yu-Keun , Jung Sung-Woon , Kwon Hyuk-Ju , Lee Sung-Hak
Published: January 2023

In this study, we proposed an image conversion method that efficiently removes raindrops on a camera lens from an image using a deep learning technique. The proposed method effectively presents a raindrop-removed image using the Pix2pix generative adversarial network (GAN) model, which can understand the characteristics of two images in terms of newly formed images of different domains. The learning method based on the captured image has the disadvantage that a large amount of data is required for learning and that unnecessary noise is generated owing to the nature of the learning model. In particular, obtaining sufficient original and raindrops images is the most important aspect of learning. Therefore, we proposed a method that efficiently obtains learning data by generating virtual water-drop image data and effectively identifying it using a convolutional neural network (CNN).
Islamic vs. Conventional Equity Markets: A Multifractal Cross-Correlation Analysis with Economic Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Aslam Faheem , Ferreira Paulo , Ali Haider , Arifa  , Oliveira Márcia
Published: January 2023

There is ample evidence that Islamic stock markets perform differently from conventional stock markets, particularly when economic policy uncertainty (EPU) or any other uncertainty such as geopolitical uncertainty is present. Considering this context, this paper examines the US EPU’s cross-correlation with both conventional and Islamic stock markets from the perspective of multifractality. Daily stock market prices of five main countries are considered: US, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, and India. Using the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA), we validate the existence of long-range cross-correlation between US EPU and all the stock markets considered, demonstrating that all pairs of US EPU have strong power law and multifractal characteristics. Furthermore, all pairs display varying levels of multifractal strength, with the US EPU and US conventional stock market exhibiting the strongest multifractal patterns. Additionally, a cross-correlation between US EPU and the different stock markets is found to be persistent. The results of this study are pertinent to the various market participants in both conventional and Islamic markets, particularly investors, who may be able to draw useful conclusions from them for purposes such as portfolio diversification.
Modified Ring Routing Protocol for Mobile Sinks in a Dynamic Sensor Network in Smart Monitoring Applications
Authors: Mohapatra Seli , Behera Prafulla Kumar , Sahoo Prabodh Kumar , Ojha Manoj Kumar , Swarup Chetan , Singh Kamred Udham , Pandey Saroj Kumar , Kumar Ankit , Goswami Anjali
Published: January 2023

The stationary hierarchical network faces considerable challenges from hotspots and faster network breakdowns, especially in smart monitoring applications. As a solution to this issue, mobile sinks were recommended since they are associated with huge and balanced ways to transfer data and energy across the network. Again, due to the mobile sink node advertisement around the network latency and the energy utilization overheads introduced across the network, ring routing reduces the control overhead while preserving the benefits of the mobile sink, thereby optimizing the energy and improving the network life span. Consequently, we suggested a novel, distributed advanced ring routing strategy, in this work, for the mobile wireless sensor network. Extensive simulations and performance evaluation, in comparison to previous distributed mobile approaches, reveal a 37% and 40% boost in the network throughput and end-to end delay, respectively. Additionally, the lifespan of a network is determined by the control overhead and energy demand.
Human Factor Interrelationships to Improve Worker Reliability: Implementation of MCDM in the Agri-Food Sector
Authors: La Fata Concetta Manuela , Giallanza Antonio , Adelfio Luca , Micale Rosa , La Scalia Giada
Published: January 2023

Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) are contextual, individual, and cognitive factors used in Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) to quantify the worker contribution to errors when performing a generic task. Although the empirical evidence demonstrates the existence of PSF interrelationships, the majority of HRA methods assume their independence. As a consequence, the resulting Human Error Probability (HEP) might be over- or underestimated. To deal with this issue, only a few qualitative guidelines or statistical-based approaches have been proposed so far. While the former are not well structured, the latter require a high computational effort and a proper number of input data. Therefore, the present paper provides an alternative approach to deal with the PSFs interaction issue to facilitate the identification of the most influential human factors on which to take corrective actions. To this purpose, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods may represent a structured, effortless, and easily replicable framework. Owing to their ability to deal with the interdependence of decision factors, DEMATEL and ANP are hence considered and afterwards compared, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Both methods are implemented in an agri-food company which produces pistachios in Southern Italy.
mICA-Based fMRI Analysis of Specific CO2-Level-Dependent BOLD Signal Changes in the Human Brainstem
Authors: Basile Miriam , Cauzzo Simone , Callara Alejandro Luis , Montanaro Domenico , Hartwig Valentina , Morelli Maria Sole , Frijia Francesca , Giannoni Alberto , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele , Vanello Nicola
Published: January 2023

Noninvasive studies of the central respiratory control are of key importance to understanding the physiopathology of central apneas and periodic breathing. The study of the brainstem and cortical-subcortical centers may be achieved by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during gas challenges (hypercapnia). Nonetheless, disentangling specific from non-specific effects of hypercapnia in fMRI is a major methodological challenge, as CO2 vasodilatory effects and physiological noise do strongly impact the BOLD signal. This is particularly true in deep brainstem regions where chemoreceptors and rhythm pattern generators are located. One possibility to detect the true neural-related activation is given by the presence of a supralinear relation between CO2 changes and BOLD signal related to neurovascular coupling in overactive neural areas. Here, we test this hypothesis of a supralinear relationship between CO2 and BOLD signal, as a marker of specificity. We employed a group-masked Independent Component Analysis (mICA) approach and we compared activation levels across different mixtures of inspired CO2 using polynomial regression. Our results highlight key nodes of the central breathing control network, also including dorsal pontine and medullary regions. The suggested methodology allows a voxel-wise parametrization of the response, targeting an issue that affects many fMRI studies employing hypercapnic challenges.
Eye Shielding against Electromagnetic Radiation: Optimal Design Using a Reduced Model of the Head
Authors: Kawecki Jarosław , Januszkiewicz Łukasz , Di Barba Paolo , Kropidłowski Karol
Published: January 2023

This article presents the design process of a structure that shields the electromagnetic field from the fifth-generation transmitter operating in the 3.5 GHz band. The purpose of this project is the limitation of power density in the eye region. For this reason, the structure is made of conducting wires forming a grid that is semitransparent to the light. The design was performed using computer simulations with a finite-difference time-domain method and an evolutionary-based optimization methodology. A simplified model of the face and eyes was developed to reduce the amount of time needed for the simulation. The construction of the shielding structure presented here can be easily fabricated in the form of protective goggles. The results of the computer simulations show that the power density in the eye region can be reduced by almost seven times compared with the unshielded case.
HoloVein—Mixed-Reality Venipuncture Aid via Convolutional Neural Networks and Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Ng Kian Wei , Furqan Mohammad Shaheryar , Gao Yujia , Ngiam Kee Yuan , Khoo Eng Tat
Published: January 2023

Attaining venous access is a common requirement for clinical care worldwide, with a non-negligible portion of cases often being categorized as ‘difficult intravenous access’. Such complications result in far-reaching consequences affecting clinicians and patients alike. We propose a mixed-reality-based vein detection and visual guidance system that provides several key advantages, including a wider field of view, flexible operating distance, and hands-free, intuitive usage compared to existing solutions. A semi-supervised learning approach was used in model training to circumvent dataset availability limitations. Quantitative evaluation showed that the semi-supervised approach improved vein detection performance and temporal consistency. The system was also implemented and trialed in a clinical setting to assess real-world usability. Initial, preliminary assessment of HoloVein by medical professionals in a clinical setting showed improvements in detection quality using the semi-supervised approach over the baseline model. This result was deemed to be promising from a clinical perspective and could set the stage for more widespread mixed-reality venipuncture guidance tools in the future.
Cracking of Waste Engine Oil in the Presence of Fe3O4
Authors: Gao Jialin , Li Bo , Wei Yonggang , Zhou Shiwei , Wang Hua
Published: January 2023

Waste engine oil (WEO), as a waste resource, has not been fully exploited. Using WEO as a reductant for copper slag cleaning is quite meaningful. Fe3O4 is an important element in copper slag cleaning. So the laws of thermal cracking of WEO at different temperatures and the effect on thermal cracking of WEO in the presence of Fe3O4 were investigated. The results show that the high-temperature cracking of WEO mainly produces H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and small molecules such as C. Raising the temperature is good for the cracking of WEO. When the temperature rises from 700 °C to 1300 °C, the total amount of gases produced by cracking 700 μL of WEO increases from 177.08 mL to 1010.2 mL. At 1300 °C, the total amount of gases produced by the cracking of WEO in the presence of Fe3O4 was 1408.11 mL. The result indicates that Fe3O4 can promote the pyrolysis of waste oil. This research provides a novel approach to the clean utilization of WEO.
Declining Renewable Costs, Emissions Trading, and Economic Growth: China’s Power System at the Crossroads
Authors: Chen Yidan , Lin Jiang , Roland-Holst David , Liu Xu , Wang Can
Published: January 2023

As China reaffirms its commitments to limit the climate change risk and improve air quality, a combination of new policy and technology opportunities is presenting itself. A national emission trading scheme (ETS) begun in 2017 and is showing great promise, creating decentralized incentives for cost effective pollution mitigation. At the same time, sustained energy sector innovation is driving the costs of renewable electric power generation below those of fossil fuel substitutes. Early economic evidence of ETS measured pollution reductions, but has not addressed important economy-wide net benefits. This paper focuses on technology and energy cost savings and is the first to account for three multiplier effects—shifting consumption patterns, job growth, and the benefits of induced productivity growth—that would result from accelerated renewable electricity deployment in China. Results from a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model for 2017 to 2030 show that expanding renewable deployment can interact with the ETS to slash GHG emissions, as well as energy costs, stimulating significant long-term economic growth. These results suggest that China should accelerate its clean energy transition, not only for the air-quality and climate benefits, but to fulfill the energy sector’s potential to promote innovation, employment, and economic growth.
Eight Typical Schemes of Offshore Wind Power Transmission and Their Key Technical Problems
Authors: Xu Zheng , Jin Yanqiu , Zhang Zheren , Huang Ying
Published: January 2023

Focusing on the three technical features related to the offshore wind turbine and the offshore transmission channel, eight schemes of offshore wind power transmission and their corresponding key technologies are discussed. The first technical feature describes the grid-forming capability of the offshore wind turbine; two types of wind turbines are discussed, namely, the grid-following wind turbine and the grid-forming wind turbine. The second technical feature describes the frequency characteristics of the output voltage and current of the offshore wind turbine, including DC, low-frequency AC, power-frequency AC and medium-frequency AC. The third technical feature describes the power transmission modes adopted by the offshore high-voltage main transmission channel, which are HVDC, high-voltage low-frequency AC and high-voltage power-frequency AC. Finally, the technical characteristics and maturity of the eight offshore wind power transmission schemes are reviewed, and a technical development direction is recommended.
Treatment of Agricultural Wastewater Containing Pesticides by Hydrophytic Method as a Preliminary Method of Water Recovery
Authors: Ignatowicz Katarzyna , Łozowicki Jakub , Łozowicka Bożena , Piekarski Jacek
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a hydrophytic method to degrade selected pesticides (pyraclostrobin and boscalid) from agricultural waste (wastewater) and to evaluate their removal efficiency. This will allow the recovery of water and raw materials from agricultural wastewater. In addition, a biopreparation was used to increase the efficiency of the process and the rate of degradation and reduce the half-life of the compounds in wastewater. Pesticides, which are commonly used in agriculture, were selected for the experiments. The study was conducted on a pilot scale, in two identical hydrophytic treatment systems supported and not supported by microorganisms. At the same time, in order to identify pesticides, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was optimized, enabling the determination of applied pesticides in wastewater with satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The kinetics of pesticide decomposition in the hydrophytic bed were determined on the basis of mathematical models and equations of the dynamics of pesticide disappearance in wastewater. The parameters of the DT50 half-life of pesticides in wastewater and the parameters of theoretical time to reach the concentration level of 0.01 mg/L were determined. The use of three different layers (0.15, 0.40 and 0.15 m) of chemically inactive granulometrically differentiated (2 ÷ 8, 8 ÷ 20 and 20 ÷ 80 mm) filter material influenced the high treatment efficiency. During the entire experimental period, the wastewater feeding the bed was treated satisfactorily. The determined parameters of the pesticide half-life in DT50 wastewater ranged from 2.33 to 3.29 for microorganisms and 3.42 to 3.79 without microorganisms. The determined parameters of the theoretical time to reach the concentration of 0.01 mg/L t0.01 were about 22 and 38 days for microorganisms and 33 and 44 days without microorganisms. Thus, it can be unequivocally concluded that the biopreparation has influence on reducing the half-life of the tested pesticides
Assessing the Future wind Energy Potential in Portugal Using a CMIP6 Model Ensemble and WRF High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Claro André , Santos João A. , Carvalho David
Published: January 2023

Future wind energy potential over Portugal is assessed, using wind speed data from a WRF regional simulation under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2046–2065 and 2081–2100. Data from a CMIP6 multi-model ensemble were also used to assess future changes in the Euro-Atlantic large-scale circulation. CMIP6 results have shown a southward displacement of the mid-latitude jet stream during winter, and a northward displacement during spring, summer, and autumn, which causes the northern winds to strengthen during summer along the north-western Iberian coast. Furthermore, in 2046–2065 the wind power density (WPD) should increase between 25% and 50% off the northwest coast of Portugal and in the Serra da Estrela mountain range during summer, which is in agreement with the CMIP6 global ensemble projections. Analyses of WPD’s 2046–2065 daily variability of offshore north-western Portugal reveal a variability increase during winter, spring and summer, as well as more intense extreme WPD events, and less intense extreme events during autumn. The WPD’s 2046–2065 inter-annual variability should increase off the northwest coast, and decrease along the central western and southern coasts, whereas it should increase in the entire studied area in 2081–2100, apart from the northern mountain regions and Cape Raso.
Robust Design Optimization of the Cogging Torque for a PMSM Based on Manufacturing Uncertainties Analysis and Approximate Modeling
Authors: Wu Liqin , Chen Hao , Yu Tingyue , Sun Chengzhi , Wang Lin , Ye Xuerong , Zhai Guofu
Published: January 2023

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a crucial device for power conversion in an energy system. The cogging torque of the PMSM is a crucial output characteristic, the robustness of which affects the operational reliability of the energy system. Therefore, the robust design optimization (RDO) of cogging torque has aroused widespread concern. There are several challenges in designing a robust cogging torque PMSM. In particular, some design parameters contain repetitive units, and the finite element analysis (FEA) method is time-consuming. State-of-the-art RDO methods usually treat these uncertainties from repetitive units as the same parameter, which neglects the fluctuation of the manufacturing process and cannot obtain a robust solution for the cogging torque of the motor efficiently and accurately. In order to solve this issue, an approximate modeling method based on manufacturing uncertainties analysis for RDO is proposed in this paper. First, the peak-to-peak value of cogging torque (Tcpp) is used to characterize the cogging torque, which is decoupled to an ideal component and fluctuation component produced by the center values and manufacturing tolerances of design parameters. The design of experiments (DoE) and simulation of the two components are carried out. Then, these two components are approximated separately, and the approximate model of Tcpp is obtained by adding the two components. Finally, the proposed approximate model is embedded into the RDO algorithm, and the PMSM design scheme for good Tcpp robustness is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a case study of the PMSM.
Automotive Fuel Cell Systems: Testing Highly Dynamic Scenarios
Authors: Breitinger Jonas , Hellmann Mark , Kemmer Helerson , Kabelac Stephan
Published: January 2023

PEM fuel cell systems face highly dynamic load profiles in automotive application. This work showcases the impact of media supply adaption, system architecture and test rig restrictions on the transient voltage response of an automotive fuel cell stack. Current step and load profile experiments were conducted on a system test rig, featuring automotive balance of plant components, and a short stack test bench. A time scale analysis allowed us to identify the predominant effect for the voltage response in each test case. The voltage response measured in the test cases was dominated either by air supply, membrane humidification or coolant temperature dynamics. This systematic comparison of different types of test setups highlights the importance of application-like system level testing as, in contrast to common experiments, different phenomena shape the electrical stack behavior.