bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Curative Cryoablation of an Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Mai Daniel , Hashimoto Rintaro , Yu Allen , Torralba Ericson John , Tran Elise , El-Hage Chehade Nabil , Lee David P. , Samarasena Jason
Published: June 2019

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common location of GIST is the stomach; however, occurrences of GIST in the esophagus are also possible albeit rare. Although the current standard of care for gastric and intestinal GIST involves surgery and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, this case report focuses on the potential of treating esophageal GIST through a novel means of cryoablation therapy.
Rapid, High-Resolution, Label-Free, and 3-Dimensional Imaging to Differentiate Colorectal Adenomas and Non-Neoplastic Polyps With Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ding Qianshan , Deng Yunchao , Yu Xiaojun , Yuan Jingping , Zeng Zhi , Mu Ganggang , Wan Xinyue , Zhang Jun , Zhou Wei , Huang Li , Yao Liwen , Gong Dexin , Chen Mingkai , Zhu Xu , Liu Linbo , Yu Honggang
Published: June 2019

INTRODUCTION:

“Resect and discard” paradigm is one of the main strategies to deal with colorectal diminutive polyps after optical diagnosis. However, there are risks that unrecognized potentially malignant lesions are discarded without accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to validate the potential of micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) to improve the diagnostic accuracy of colorectal lesions and help endoscopists make better clinical decision without additional pathology costs.

METHODS:

Fresh tissue samples were obtained from patients with colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer who received endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic surgery. These samples were instantly imaged by μOCT and then sent to pathological evaluation. Then, μOCT images were compared with corresponding HE sections. We created consensus μOCT image criteria and then tested to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our system to discriminate neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps.

RESULTS:

Our μOCT system achieved a resolution of 2.0 μm in both axial and lateral directions, clearly illustrated both cross-sectional and en face subcellular-level microstructures of colorectal lesions ex vivo, demonstrating distinctive patterns for inflammatory granulation tissue, hyperplastic polyp, adenoma, and cancerous tissue. For the 58 cases of polyps, the accuracy of the model was 94.83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.30%–98.79%), the sensitivity for identification of adenomas was 96.88% (95% CI, 82.89%–99.99%), and the specificity was 92.31% (95% CI, 74.74%–98.98%). Our diagnostic criteria could help both expert endoscopists and nonexpert endoscopists to identify neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps with satisfactory accuracy and good interobserver agreement.

DISCUSSION:

We propose a new strategy using μOCT to differentiate benign polyps and adenomas after the lesions are resected. The application of μOCT can potentially reduce the cost of pathological examination and minimize the risk of discarding malignant lesions during colonosocpy examination.
Identificando a persistência e os determinantes dos desvios inflacionários no Brasil
Authors: Abdala André , Moreira Ricardo Ramalhete
Published: June 2019

Este artigo identificou o componente de persistência e os determinantes dos desvios inflacionários no Brasil, entre jan/2003 e dez/2014. Realizaram-se estimações por GMM, e de respostas generalizadas ao impulso através de modelos Vetoriais Autoregressivos Bayesianos (BVAR). Verificou-se que: i) as estimações por GMM indicam elevado grau de inércia de tais desvios, apesar de uma atenuação nas estimações BVAR; ii) variação cambial e de preços de commodities não pode ser creditada como principal fonte dos desvios inflacionários; iii) a credibilidade desempenha papel importante nesses desvios.
In vitro and in vivo studies of anti diabetic effect of khaya senegalensis leaves and bark extracts
Authors: Osman Widdat Allah Marvit , Ahmed Alrasheid Ayat , Suliman Elamin Eltayeb
Published: June 2019

Diabetes mellitus in Sudan is one of public health concern since it causes significant mortality and complications for long term. Though conventional drugs are used in the management of diabetes mellitus they are expensive, unavailable and also have numerous side effects. Khaya senegalensis has traditionally used in the management of diabetes. The present study was conducted to examine the In vitro and In vivo anti-diabetic activity of leaves and bark extracts of Khaya senegalensis. The leaves and bark of the plant were extracted with ethanol 96%, and then tested for anti-diabetic activity in a series of in vitro models and a type 2 diabetes model of rats. In vitro bark extract of k.senegalensis showed higher inhibitory activities against the enzyme with IC50 value 226.14 Âµg/ml. In vivo oral administration of the extracts of the k. senegalensis exhibited decrease in blood sugar level and was found to be time dependent. Bark extract showed strong in vitro and in vivo anti diabetic activity.Â Â
Subarea tree routing algorithm based infrastructure for mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Kamal Khorsheed Omeed , Abdul Hanan Abdullah Prof Dr
Published: June 2019

Ad hoc networks are self-organizing and multi-hop networks for data communication. Subarea Tree Routing (STR) has used for multi-hop networks for network division into various subareas. The main objective of this paper is creating a dynamic sub-area tree infrastructure for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). The proposed architecture uses the hierarchical procedure to divide the whole network into many geographical sub-area networks. In addition, each sub-area has a selected root node, we can configure the root node manually due to small ad hoc network and uses auto-discovery procedure to select the roots for large networks. The root node is located at the center of sub-area with hop level zero. The root function is used to update the routing table and root table for sub-area. After sub-area created any interconnected node detects a new inefficient node for sending the invitation message to join the sub-area tree. In the same sub-area, proactive routing protocols are used between the sub-area root node and its interconnect nodes and reactive routing protocols are used between all sub-areas root nodes. The new sub-area tree provides an infrastructure to avoid the flooding procedures. Routing in the sub-area tree avoids the transmission collision to optimize the ad-hoc networks.Â Â
El emprendimiento en personas con discapacidad. Una aproximación al contexto sociolaboral
Authors: Manzanera Román Salvador , Olaz Capitán Ángel , Ortiz García Pilar
Published: June 2019

Este artículo se enmarca dentro del proyecto Discapacidad y emprendimiento. Análisis competencial (CSO2016-75818-R). El objetivo principal es conocer el papel que desempeñan los conocimientos, capacidades y habilidades de las personas con discapacidad orgánica, física y sensorial a la hora de explicar sus acciones de emprendimiento. En la fase inicial se fijaron varios objetivos específicos como la caracterización de la población con discapacidad, el conocimiento de su posición en el mercado laboral, y el análisis del papel de las políticas activas de empleo para superar las barreras al emprendimiento del colectivo objeto de estudio.La hipótesis de la investigación considera que las personas con discapacidad están en una posición desfavorable para conseguir un empleo y desarrollar una actividad emprendedora.Metodológicamente, la investigación tiene un doble enfoque, cuantitativo y cualitativo, aunque en la fase inicial se limitó a una revisión documental junto a un análisis estadístico de fuentes secundarias de información sobre el tema para el período 2008-2016 en España: El empleo de las personas con discapacidad, el Informe Anual del Mercado de Trabajo de las Personas con Discapacidad y la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida.El análisis de los resultados determina que las personas con discapacidad cuentan con importantes dificultades para acceder al mercado de trabajo y al emprendimiento, por lo que se impone un ejercicio de sensibilización y visibilización de estos colectivos ante la sociedad con medidas y acciones concretas que destaquen sus aportaciones y favorezcan su inclusión sociolaboral.
Aspectos moderadores del emprendimiento en personas con discapacidad. Un diagnóstico a través de la técnica de grupo nominal
Authors: Olaz Capitán Ángel , Ortiz García Pilar , Manzanera Román Salvador
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las dimensiones y los aspectos que favorecen o limitan la actividad emprendedora de las personas con discapacidad desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa. El análisis se llevó a cabo a través de la Técnica de Grupo Nominal. Tras el análisis de resultados, este estudio propone, a través del trabajo realizado con personas con discapacidad, un conjunto de intervenciones que permitirán reducir barreras y promover el emprendimiento en un colectivo sujeto a una gran vulnerabilidad.
Cultural Human Rights and the Problems of their Implementation in the Modern World
Authors: BIRMANOVA Aksunkar I. , KOZHAKHMETOV Galym , KAKIMOVA Maira Sh.
Published: June 2019

Modern globalization processes cause the transformation of the substantive aspect of human rights, which requires their scientific substantiation. The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological analysis of cultural human rights, as well as the problems of their realization in the modern world under the influence of socio-economic, political and spiritual modifications. As a result of the study, the axiological importance of implementation of person’s cultural rights has been proved and the interrelation with other, no less important, human rights has been shown; factors of an objective and subjective nature that impede the protection and realization of cultural human rights are established. The comparative legal analysis of constitutional propositions, national laws and international legal acts in the sphere of recognition and realization of cultural rights made it possible to reveal the reform trends in their legal regulation in the democratic states of the world. Given the lack of a unified doctrinal paradigm of understanding cultural rights, the adoption of a universal strategic international legal act aimed at promoting the realization of cultural human rights in the modern world – the ‘International Action Plan for Developing an Effective Mechanism for the Implementation of Cultural Human Rights in the age of Globalization’ was proposed at the international level.
Legal Nature of the Will of Spouses under the Legislation of Ukraine
Authors: DYAKOVYCH Myroslava
Published: June 2019

The article represents peculiarities of legal regulations of the will of spouses under the legislation of Ukraine. The author has made a comparative and legal analysis of the institute of joint will of spouses under the legislation of foreign countries, in particular, Germany, USA. As a result of judicial practice analysis, typical mistakes, which occur in the judicial practice, notarial practice in the realization of the joint will of spouses, are pointed out. In the conclusion, the need for legal editing of article 1243 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is substantiated.
Military Justice Institutions of the USSR in the 1930s – 1950s: the Soviet and Russian Historiography
Authors: KODINTSEV Aleksandr Yakovlevich , SHKAREVSKY Denis Nikolaevich
Published: June 2019

The authors of this article analyze institutions of the Soviet military justice system presented in both Soviet and Russian historiography. The main objective is to compare historiographical concepts of the Soviet and modern periods in connection with military tribunals. The study uses the comparative-historical method. Throughout the research, the authors have concluded that the historiography under consideration can be divided into two periods. The first lasted until the early 1990s, and the second one started in the 1990s and continues to this day. Most studies conducted in the first and the second periods are too descriptive. Scholars mainly list institutions of the Soviet judicial system. They do not consider grounds for the formation of these institutions or the factors that caused their later reforms. However, Soviet scholars describe in detail the facade of the judicial system, while post-Soviet scientists are able to document their observations in a free form. At the same time, the latter form two groups. The first group of researchers still believes Soviet courts were well organized and functioned effectively. The second group holds to an opinion that Soviet courts were an instrument of repression
Democratization of Local-Self-Government in Russia: Current State and Perspectives of Development
Authors: POMAZANSKIY Andrey , SEVALNEV Viacheslav
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the constitutional legal regulation of local self-government. The dynamics of the realization of the constitutional principles of local self-government are researched. It is outlined that the current state of legal regulation is far from the constitutional principles devoted to the local self-government. The vivid example of such regulation is the latest amendments to the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 №131-FZ ‘On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’. These legislative novelties lead to phasedown of the democratic basis of local self-government. This approach shouldn’t be admitted. Its further spread to all spheres of local activities will result in the estrangement of local communities from the public authorities and officials. In this sense, the piecemeal replacement of democratic procedures in the course of formation of local authorities by the administrative ones fails to meet the legal nature of local self-government.

Special attention is given to the determination the balance between representative and participatory democracy at the local level. The nature and features of local self-government are assumed the use of various organizational forms of execution of local power as well as the system of its legal regulation. Also the determination of the prospects for the extension of participatory democracy at the local level is presented.
Cooperatives in Ukraine: Applicative Peculiarities of Legal Integration up to the EU Standards
Authors: VASYLIEVA Valentyna A. , ZELISKO Alla V. , ZOZULIAK Olga I.
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the peculiarities of the processes of adaptation of the legal regulation of cooperatives in post-socialist states (as exemplified by Ukraine) to the requirements of the European Union. Such features are formed taking into account historical, social and economic prerequisites of the development of the modern legal framework of Ukraine. Authors are focused on problems of pecuniary autonomy of cooperatives; the possibility of its full-fledged activities as the parties to market relations; implementation of legal mechanisms that can increase competitive advantage of cooperatives in present-day conditions; increase the level of security and protection of rights and interests of cooperative members. It is proved that the effective entrepreneurial activity of the cooperative is rather compatible with the social nature of the latter, moreover – it contributes to the implementation of such a nature. Behind the arguments in favor of such an approach there is the principle declared in the practices of the European Union law – the focus of cooperatives on the affirmation of the interests of its members.
Legal Regulation of the Non-Entrepreneurial Legal Entities’ Status: Foreign Experience
Authors: ZELISKO Alla V. , ZOZULIAK Olga I. , SISHCHUK Liliana V.
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the implementation of the task of improving private-law regulation of relations with the participation of non-entrepreneurial legal entities is possible only on the basis of the international experience of the operation of the legal institute. In this context, this article aims to analyze the positive experience of regulating non-entrepreneurial legal entities under the legislation of leading foreign countries. Leading approach to the study of this problem is the comparative method that has afforded revealing peculiarities of regulation of legal entities under consideration within Ukraine and foreign countries. In the article the suggestions for improving the legislation of Ukraine are presented on the basis of foreign experience. The materials of the paper imply the practical significance for the university teachers of the legal specializations.
PERWUJUDAN DOA DAN MIMPI DALAM NOVEL SIMPLE MIRACLES DOA DAN ARWAH DAN NOVEL SURTI + TIGA SAWUNGGALING
Authors: Apriliyani Titik
Published: June 2019

A culture in Javanese society that is still widely believed that there is a connection between dreams, prayer and its reality. The relation of the three elements in life is expressed by the author into one literary text. Literary works which are full of one regional culture are interesting to study, because through the literary text, readers and authors are able to see a diverse perspective on the situation and issues related to their society. This study tries to compare two literary works which are loaded with Javanese culture, especially Javanese people's beliefs with dreams and their implications for life. By utilizing the literature comparison method, the results obtained from the comparison of two novels by Ayu Utami and Goenawan Mohamad resulted in the conclusion that Javanese people's trust in dreams related to the reality of life can create a reality that is relevant to dreams that arise. This belief ultimately becomes a new stigma in society.
Performance analysis of a fabricated line focusing concentrated solar distillation system
Authors: Larik Temoor Abbas , Jakhrani Abdul Qayoom , Jatoi Abdul Rehman , Mukwana Kishan Chand
Published: June 2019

A line focusing concentrated solar distillation unit was developed and its techno-economic analysis was carried out using batch flow, continuous flow without and with tracking mechanisms. Physical quality parameters of feed and distilled water samples, water temperature at different points, performance analysis and estimated production of developed unit were examined. The examined quality parameters of distilled water were well below permissible limits. The water temperature inside the concentrated tube was in the range of 107.0˚C to 109.0˚C. The quantity of distilled water was observed to be inversely proportional to the amount of total dissolved solids in the water samples. The measured average daily and estimated lifetime yield from the developed unit during batch flow was 4.0 and 13,621.0 liters, for continuous flow without tracking 5.1 and 19,689.0 liters, and with tracking mechanism 5.7 and 21,758.0 liters, respectively. The continuous flow with tracking mechanism was found as best method for the production of distilled water. The total life cycle cost of the project was estimated to be PKR 62,144.00. The estimated unit cost of the distilled water per liter would be PKR 6.06 for continuous flow with tracking and PKR 9.69 for batch flow technique. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Monitoring the performances of a maximum power point tracking photovoltaic (MPPT PV) pumping system driven by a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor
Authors: Abdellahi Ba , Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed El Mamy , Dah Ne Ould , Diakité Amadou , El Hassen Aroudam , Ehssein Chighali
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, water pumping systems powered by solar-cell generators are one of the most important applications. It’s a promising alternative to conventional electricity and diesel based pumping systems, especially for applications like community water supplies and irrigation. This study presents a monitored standalone photovoltaic solar direct pumping system using the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to optimize the solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency. It was done at ISET-Rosso in Mauritania. The experimental setup based on Lorentz PS1200C-SJ8-5 pumping system consists of four photovoltaic (PV) panels, inverter PS1200, BLDC motor, centrifugal pump and a storage tank. The system has been monitored, in order to determine the relationship between: the DC power produced by the PV generator and the solar radiation; the water flow and the DC power and by then the relationship between the water flow and the solar radiation. The effect of ambient temperature and solar radiation on the PV panels was also done under Matlab/Simulink environment and compared to the experimental results. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Analisa Variasi Tekanan Fluida Primer, Tekanan Discharge dan Posisi Keluaran Nozzle (NXP) pada Steam Ejector Menggunakan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
Authors: Utomo MSK Tony Suryo , Widyanto Susilo Adi , Sekar Abibrojo
Published: June 2019

Dilakukan simulasi numerik steam ejector dengan memvariasikan tekanan dari fluida primer, tekanan discharge dan posisi keluaran nozzle (NXP). Perlakuan variasi tekanan fluida primer dan tekanan discharge dilakukan untuk mendapat nilai nilai performa steam ejector yang disebut entrainment ratio (ER), tekanan kritis (critical pressure) dan tekanan discharge maksimum. Perlakuan variasi NXP dilakukan untuk mengetahui posisi keluaran nozzle terbaik dari steam ejector dengan nilai ER yang paling tinggi. Tekanan fluida primer yang divariasikan yaitu 2.66 bar, 3.00 bar dan 3.50 bar. Tekanan discharge divariasikan dari 0.20 bar sampai ejector mengalami aliran balik. NXP yang divariasikan yaitu dari posisi -3 mm atau -0.11 Den sampai + 35 mm atau 1.3 Den. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tekanan fluida primer menyebabkan naiknya critical pressure tetapi membuat nilai entrainment ratio turun. Kenaikan tekanan discharge menyebabkan turunnya jarak shockwave ke posisi keluaran nozzle. Shockwave tercipta karena kenaikan tekanan yang signifikan secara cepat, saat tekanan discharge mendekati nilai critical pressure menunjukkan shockwave yang semakin lemah. Hasil variasi NXP dari posisi -3 mm ke +35 mm menunjukkan kenaikan dan penurunan dari entrainment ratio, posisi NXP + 19 mm atau 0.7 Den menunjukkan nilai ER paling besar sedangkan posisi NXP -3 mm paling kecil. Fluida yang dimodelkan ialah gas ideal dengan asumsi fluida berada pada kondisi saturasi uap. Pemodelan aliran menggunakan k- standard untuk memodelkan aliran dengan nilai Re yang tinggi dan dapat menerapkan perlakuan dinding agar hasil yang didapat akurat. Pemodelan geometri dibuat dengan menggunakan software CAD yaitu Solidworks 2015, geometri dieksport ke Ansys 16.2 dan di meshing dengan perlakuan adapsi y+.
Modus Pelunakan dan Pengerasan HAZ pada Manual GMAW Welded Joint
Authors: Yurianto Yurianto , Pratikto Pratikto , Soenoko Rudy , Suprapto Wahyono
Published: June 2019

Las manual gas metal arc welding banyak digunakan dalam industri manufaktur konvensional. Akhir proses pengelasan menghasilkan produk las yang diinginkan. Pada baja dengan tebal dan jenis yang sama, dan metode pengelasan yang sama tetapi operator berbeda menghasilkan kekuatan las yang berbeda. Keseragaman produk las antara satu dan operator lain dapat diperoleh dengan welding procedure specification. Namun prosedur ini tidak menjamin kekuatan sambungan sama meskipun operator berbeda. Kekuatan daerah terpengaruh panas tergantung pada parameter las yang digunakan seperti diameter elektroda; arus listrik; tegangan listrik, kecepatan pengelasan; logam tebal dan panas masuk. Selain itu, perlu dipertimbangkan unsur kimia baja yang dilas. Parameter pengelasan akan mempengaruhi dimensi daerah terpengaruh panas. Semakin lebar daerah terpengaruh panas akan menurunkan kekuatan sambungan las. Pernyataan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah "bagaimana menurunkan dimensi daerah terpengaruh panas yang dipengaruhi oleh proses pembekuan logam las." State of the art dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pelunakan daerah terpengaruh panas dengan melibatkan pembekuan logam las. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari penyebab terjadinya pelunakan dalam daerah terpengaruh panas sambungan las gas metal arc welding manual. Hasil penelitian adalah kekerasan standard dan heat treated welded joint. Parameter perlakuan panas untuk mendapatkan kekerasan HAZ tertinggi.
Checklist of family Poaceae in Lahaul and Spiti district (Cold Desert), Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Negi Ranjana , Verma Praveen Kumar , Baig Sobia , Chandra Anup , Naithani Harsh Bardhan , Verma Rakesh , Kumar Anoop
Published: June 2019

The present study provides an overview of the diversity and distribution of grass species in Lahaul- Spiti district (cold desert) situated in the Trans-Himalayan region i.e. Himachal Pradesh, India. From the study area 141 taxa (138 species and 3 subspecies) belonging to 14 tribes were recorded. The largest tribe was Festuceae followed by Agrostideae having 48 and 20 species, respectively. Two species Poa koelzii and P. Lahaulensis are endemic to Lahaul- Spiti. Puccinellia kashmiriana is rare as per IUCN status. The present study on the grass floral wealth of Lahaul-Spiti provides an important baseline data on grasses for further quantitative and qualitative investigations like their nutritive values, crop improvement programmes and shall also help in the identification of priority conservation areas in the region.
The Freezing of Rice Products in Box Containers: Temperature Profile Prediction, Model Validation and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Lertamondeeraek Kanjana , Jittanit Weerachet
Published: June 2019

In this study, a three-dimensional finite difference method is applied to develop a mathematical model for the simulation of heat transfer phenomena in cooked white rice and fried rice in polypropylene boxes during the freezing process. The main objective was to develop a tool for predicting time/temperature profiles that can be applied under various freezing conditions. The results indicate fair agreement between experimental data and model predictions. The model precision can be improved if incorporating the heat transfer mechanism occurring at the head space and the equations for accurately estimating changes of freezing point temperatures and thermophysical properties of rice along freezing process. Textural properties of frozen rice samples after microwave warming were apparently different from the freshly cooked samples. Rapid freezing provided soft and nonsticky texture of cooked white rice after warming while slow freezing resulted in the fried rice with the most similar texture to freshly cooked fried rice.
Marketing wie in Hollywood: Storytelling bei ZB MED mit der klassischen Heldenreise
Authors: Roesner Elke
Published: June 2019

Geschichten zu erzählen ist ein uraltes Bedürfnis von Menschen. Wie die wissenschaftliche Analyse von Sagen, Mythen, Romanen und Filmen zeigt, lässt sich die Struktur der Geschichten schlussendlich auf fünf Kapitel reduzieren, die dem Plot der klassischen Heldenreise entsprechen. Menschen, die nach „ETWAS“ streben, berühren die Rezipienten, da sie sich mit den Protagonisten identifizieren. Im Stil der Heldenreise lassen sich faszinierende Geschichten aus der Wissenschaft erzählen.
Do Legal Differences Matter? A Comparison of German Patent Law Regimes before 1877
Authors: Donges Alexander , Selgert Felix
Published: June 2019

In this article, we give an overview of the differences in German patent legislations between 1815 and 1876. German patent laws differed in particular with regard to the application and approval system, the treatment of foreign applicants, and patent fees. Differences in the former two categories provide an explanation why the number of patents was considerably lower in Prussia than in other states. While the number of Prussian patents per capita almost stagnated between 1840 and 1872, it increased in Baden, Bavaria and Saxony. Formal differences in patent law do not fully explain this pattern, but Prussian patent policy does. The Prussian patent authority set high barriers to get a patent by applying a thorough technical examination and a strict definition of novelty. Furthermore, we show that states using a registration system granted a considerably higher number of patents than states with technical examinations.
Patenting the Risorgimento: Economic Integration and the Formation of the Italian Patent System (1855–1872)
Authors: Nuvolari Alessandro , Vasta Michelangelo
Published: June 2019

In 1864, the patent law of the Kingdom of Sardinia was extended to the newly created Kingdom of Italy. In this paper, on the basis of a new dataset containing all Italian patents granted over the period 1855-1872, we examine the formative years of this crucial institutional change. Firstly, we map the characteristics of the inventors before and after the 1864 reform. In particular, we look at their nationality and geographical distribution within the country, the technological fields in which they were active, the intensity of use of the system (sporadic versus “systematic” patentees), and their investments in patent protection (measured in terms of the fees they were paying). We find that the reform of the patent system prompted a reconfiguration of the geographical structure of Italian inventive activity, producing an increasing participation of the inventors of the other pre-unitary states, and, at the same time, becoming more attractive for inventors on a large international scale. This can be interpreted as a sign of an effective integration policy, at least in this specific domain of government activity.
The shifting perception of Japanese BELF users towards English: a case study
Authors: Otsu Akiko
Published: June 2019

This paper examines attitudes of Japanese business people towards English by interviewing Japanese construction company employees working on international projects in Asian countries, where English is used as a lingua franca (ELF). The engineers took part in an intensive English course provided by their company before being transferred to overseas offices. Conducting individual/focus-group interviews multiple times during and after the English course, the study sheds light on the participants’ ambivalent and shifting perception of the language, which has both communicative and identifying function in different contexts of use. While these BELF (English as a business lingua franca) users were more content-focused and critical about a teacher’s form-focused approach during the intensive English language training, they are likely to identify more with native-speakers’ English rather than with their own English communication in BELF environments. The paper discusses that there are two reasons for their adherence to “standard” English, referring to the impact of “standard” English ideology (Cogo 2015, 2016b; Seidlhofer 2011, 2018) and social power (French and Raven 1959) that their interlocutors possess. First, the participants are constrained by their past learning experience as EFL (English as a foreign language) learners (Iino and Murata 2016) with little exposure to varieties of English other than the Inner Circle English models (Kachru 1992). Second, they believe in the advantage of using “correct” or “proper” English in producing a good image of their company or themselves. More specifically, while the participants regard English predominantly as a tool to fulfil their communicative goals when working with interlocutors who have relatively less power (e.g. subordinates, subcontractors), they feel that they need to speak “proper” English when communicating with people with more power and authority (e.g. superiors, clients), because they believe it is more relevant and accepted by the wider public. In other words, the result shows how the “standard” English ideology is deep-seated in the workplace communication discourse.
Thermoelectric Thomson Relations Revisited for a Linear Energy Converter
Authors: Gonzalez-Hernandez Saul , Arias-Hernandez Luis-Antonio
Published: June 2019

In this paper we revisit the classic thermocouple model, as a Linear Irreversible Thermodynamic (LIT) energy converter. In this model we have two types of phenomenological coefficients: the first comes from some microscopic models, such as the coefficient associated with the electric conductivity, and the second comes from experimental facts, such as the coefficient associated with the Seebeck power. We show that in the last case, these coefficients can be related to the thermodynamic operation modes of the energy converter. These relations between the experimental phenomenological coefficients and the regimes of performance allow us to propose a first and a second Thomson-type relation, which give us 12 new relations between the Seebeck power, the Peltier heat and the Thomson heat. With this purpose we develop the idea of non-isothermal linear energy converters operated either “directly” (like a heat engine) or “inversely” (like a refrigerator). We analyze the energetics associated to these converters operating under steady states corresponding to different modes of performance, all of them satisfying the fundamental Onsager symmetry relations.
Comparison of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and karyotype analysis for prenatal screening of chromosomal aneuploidies in 270 amniotic fluid samples
Authors: Masoudzadeh Nooshin , Teimourian Shahram
Published: June 2019

Background

Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) technique is a rapid prenatal aneuploidy detection method. This method can diagnose abnormality in chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Karyotyping is a technique in which, by the process of pairing and painting, all the chromosomes of an organism are displayed under a microscope. In the present study, a statistical comparison was made between karyotyping and QF-PCR for prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 270 samples were tested for QF-PCR and the results were compared with karyotyping. We also investigated heterozygosity of short tandem repeat (STR) markers by QF-PCR. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples (n = 270) were extracted from amniotic fluid (AF) cells. After PCR amplifications, analysis was performed using GeneMarker. A Devyser QF-PCR kit containing 26 primers was used to estimate the observed heterozygosity of STR markers located on chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y.

Results

The results of karyotyping and QF-PCR were as follows: trisomy 13 (one case), trisomy 18 (five cases), trisomy 21 (five cases) and triploidy (one case). Chromosomal rearrangements and mosaicisms were not detected by QF-PCR but were detected by karyotyping. Maternal cell contamination (MCC) made the karyotyping fail but not the QF-PCR.

Conclusion

The QF-PCR method is especially important because it is fast, accurate, low cost and has a short turnaround time. This method will avoid ambiguity of karyotype results and parental anxiety. It will also shorten clinical management for high-risk families.
A Funeral March for Those Drowning in Shallow Ponds?
Authors: Sticker Martin
Published: June 2019

I discuss the problem that Kant’s ethics seems to be incapable of capturing our strong intuition that emergencies create a context for actions that is very different from other cases of helping and from other opportunities to further obligatory ends. I argue that if we pay attention to how Kant grounds beneficence we see that distress and emergency function as constitutive concerns. They are vital to establishing the duty of beneficence in the first place, and they also guide the application of duties to specific cases. Kant’s conception of imperfect duties to others, when understood correctly, offers a way to understand why emergencies are morally important, but also why other factors have a place in our moral reasoning.
An Antinomy Between Regulative Principles: An Aporetic Resolution to the Antinomy of Teleological Judgment
Authors: Halper Aaron
Published: June 2019

The antinomy of teleological judgment has increasingly been understood as a conflict between regulative principles. But it is not clear why regulative principles can be in conflict at all, since Kant otherwise takes the realization that two conflicting principles are regulative to be sufficient to resolve an antinomy. I argue that in Kant’s view regulative principles do not conflict with one another only if they are reducible to reason’s interest in systematicity. Given that the principles of this antinomy do conflict, they must not be reducible to reason’s interest in systematicity. I argue that teleology is thus not reducible to reason’s interest because it is fundamentally unlawful. I then use this irreducibility to account for Kant’s appeal to the supersensible in this context.
Burebista bei Strabon und das Dakerbild augusteischer Zeit
Authors: Zimmermann Markus
Published: June 2019

Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den bei Strabon (7,3,5 und 7,3,11) überlieferten moralischen Reformen des dakischen Herrschers Burebista, die dieser zusammen mit dem Priester Dekaineos/Dekinais durchgeführt haben soll. Es wird dargelegt, dass die Reformen ein literarisches Konstrukt Strabons sind, die im Kontext des Dakerbilds des augusteischen Rom und der Selbstdarstellung des Augustus zu sehen sind, und dazu dienten, die Aufgabe ehemaliger Eroberungspläne des Augustus in Dakien zu relativieren.
(Inter)subjective uses of the Dutch progressive constructions
Authors: Anthonissen Lynn , De Wit Astrid , Mortelmans Tanja
Published: June 2019

This paper addresses the (inter)subjective functions of progressive aspect in Dutch. While the aspectual profile of the various Dutch progressive constructions has received considerable attention in the last few years, much less attention has been paid to their non-aspectual uses. As we will demonstrate in this paper on the basis of a corpus study of spoken Dutch, complemented with native-speaker elicitations, the Dutch progressive constructions can be specifically recruited to express (inter)subjective meanings such as surprise, irritation and intensity, and they differ in this respect from their simplex counterparts. Our analysis of progressive aspect in terms of backgrounded boundaries provides an explanation for (i) the general association of progressive aspect with (inter)subjectivity and (ii) our observation that some Dutch progressive constructions are more prone to such (inter)subjective exploitation than others. This semantic account also underlies the last part of this contribution, in which we discuss cases of what we call “(inter)subjective reinforcement” in complex progressive constructions, that is, the embedding of progressive constructions in other constructions that are also semantically affiliated to (inter)subjectivity (e.g. the perfect,gaan/komen‘go/come’, modals and the bare infinitive construction), which has been largely neglected in the literature.
Role of Applied Ethics(CIST) in Managing the Quality of Life in the Post-Risk Society
Authors: Fobelová Daniela , Moravec Lukáš , Bendíková Elena
Published: June 2019

The presented study focuses on the role of applied ethics(cist) in managing the quality of life in the post-risk society. Given that, from an ethical point of view, it is appropriate to reflect the quality of life also through other than quantitative, i.e. objective and therefore also measurable indicator, it is important to be also focused on the action of a person that leads to increasing his/her satisfaction, the feeling of happiness as a subjective indicator. The aim of this study is to point out the importance of ethical parameterization of the quality of life as well as the search for suitable concepts in its fulfilment.
Crystal structure of bis(di-n-butylammonium) tetrachloridodiphenylstannate(IV), C28H50Cl4N2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: June 2019

C28H50Cl4N2Sn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3981(2) Å, b = 13.2742(2) Å, c = 11.0847(2) Å, β = 111.657(2)°, V = 1695.49(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0161, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0431, T = 100(2) K.
Crangon crangon: can hydroxyproline be an indicator of changes in the species?
Authors: Kąkol Agnieszka , Szaniawska Anna
Published: June 2019

The hydroxyproline content in Crangon crangon tissues from the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic) was determined in males, non-ovigerous females and ovigerous females, depending on the individual body length, the study area (two profiles: Gdynia and Sopot) and the depth of occurrence. Individuals were collected and analyzed from April to August 2008. The research on the migratory species C. crangon indicates that the area and depth of its occurrence do not significantly affect the level of hydroxyproline in the tissues of this animal (p > 0.05). However, certain trends have been observed. Hydroxyproline participates in various life processes of C. crangon and its level in the tissues is significantly correlated with the sex of animals (p < 0.05). In males, hydroxyproline plays a major role in the body growth. Moreover, water temperature significantly affects the hydroxyproline content in males of different body sizes. Ovigerous females use hydroxyproline in the reproductive process. In non-ovigerous females, hydroxyproline participates both in the growth of organisms and in the reproductive period. Hydroxyproline can be an indicator of the collagen level, as well as an important factor in physiological processes.
Biodynamic preparations on static pile composting from prickly pear cactus and moringa crop wastes
Authors: Rodas-Gaitán Heberto Antonio , Palma-García José Manuel , Olivares-Sáenz Emilio , Gutiérrez-Castorena Edgar Vladimir , Vázquez-Alvarado Rigoberto
Published: June 2019

Biodynamic agriculture, which considered biodynamic preparations (BP) and compost as essential to farms sustainability, surged as an alternative almost a century ago. Composting is a way to obtain either biofertilizers or soil amendments, whereas the static piles method reduces energy and cost because no turnings are needed. The present study aims to evaluate the BP effect on physical, chemical and biological properties of static piles compost from prickly pear cactus and moringa crop wastes (regional principal substrates) over 100 days of composting. The experiment was carried out in an organic farm (Nuevo León, Mexico) considering four treatments: T1, Prickly pear cactus+BP; T2, Moringa+BP; T3, Prickly pear cactus and T4, Moringa. Results showed significantly higher bacterial activity (p<0.05) in T1 (until 1.38x1010CFU), therefore it had the highest temperatures and mineralization. Treatments with prickly pear cactus attained the highest temperatures, compared with those with moringa (significantly in 71% of total sampling days, p<0.05). An aerobic environment was maintained by the passive aeration system (holed PVC pipes placed at the bottom layer). The final material was considered to be sanitized, according to Enterobacteriaceae,Escherichia coliandSalmonella/Shigellaanalysis for quality control. Results indicate the BP efficiency on regional substrates decomposition, by using the static piles method.
Physiological basics of sweet cherry productivity depending on rootstocks, interstems and plant density
Authors: Bondarenko Pavlo
Published: June 2019

Optical and physiological parameters in sweet cherry tree canopies at different plant density and rootstock-interstem-scion combinations were studied in order to identify the combinations that would ensure optimal passage of photosynthesis and increase yield and fruit quality. It was shown that cherry cultivars react differently to varying plant density depending on their growth habit and thus require different planting schemes. Leaves in the periphery of tree canopy had higher dry matter content per unit of leaf surface area (LSA) and increased net photosynthetic productivity (NPP) compared to leaves in the center of the canopy. This can be related to higher light interception (LI) levels in peripheral zones of the tree. Trees on interstems had higher yield than trees on own-root clonal rootstock. The complex of photosynthetic and yield indices allowed to select the best scion-rootstock-density combinations: for ‘Melitopolska chorna’ cultivar – Krymsk 5 and Gisela 5 interstems with 5 x 3 m planting scheme; for ‘Krupnoplidna’ cultivar – Gisela 5 interstem (5 x 3 m) and Krymsk 5 interstem (5 x 4 m).
Gradient Effects of Animacy on Differential Object Marking in Turkish
Authors: Krause Elif , von Heusinger Klaus
Published: June 2019

Animacy is a pervasive cognitive category that is displayed in the grammatical behavior of the world’s languages through categorical or gradient effects. We argue in this paper that animacy is a crucial parameter for Differential Object Marking (i.e., the optional marking of the direct object) in Turkish. DOM languages are typically categorized according to their dependency on definiteness and animacy. Turkish has thus far been assumed to depend only on definiteness; however, we present the first set of empirical evidence based on perceived acceptability judgment measures that show a significant effect of animacy on Turkish DOM. Moreover, we show the gradient nature of this effect. This original finding provides further evidence for the assertion that animacy is a crucial linguistic parameter in Turkish DOM and illustrates how the conceptual category of animacy is deeply entrenched in the grammar of Turkish.
Kamerabasierte Erfassung von Vitalparametern
Authors: Haist Tobias , Reichert Carsten , Würtenberger Felicia , Lachenmaier Lena , Faulhaber Andreas
Published: June 2019

Die berührungslose und für den Benutzer/Patienten möglichst wenig einschränkende Erfassung von Vitalparametern ist für eine Vielzahl potentieller Anwendungen von hohem praktischem Interesse. In der hier dargestellten Arbeit zeigen wir zwei Ansätze, wie hochgenau und robust Puls und Atmung kamerabasiert detektiert werden können. Wesentlich ist für die Pulsmessung die Nutzung der geeigneten Wellenlängenkanäle und bei der Atmungsdetektion der Einsatz der holografischen Mehrpunktmethodik. Für die Pulsmessung konnte so bei 73 Messreihen eine mittlere Abweichung von 1,67 Schlägen pro Minute erzielt werden. In 95 % aller Messungen lag der Fehler kleiner 5 Schläge pro Minute (klinisch irrelevant). Die Atmungsdetektion lieferte bei 94 Messungen lediglich eine Fehlmessung (Abweichung größer 2 Atemzüge pro Minute) und eine mittlere Abweichung von 0,34 Atemzügen pro Minute.
Automated discrimination of surface imperfections and adhered particles on customer-specific optical elements
Authors: Schöch Alexander , Perez Patric , Linz-Dittrich Sabine , Bach Carlo , Ziolek Carsten
Published: June 2019

In previous work, we proposed an automated system, capable of detecting surface defects (e. g. edge chips, digs, scratches) on optical components as defined in the international standard ISO 10110-7. It objectively discriminates between defect classes and quantifies their geometrical size. During assessment of quality control at multiple manufacturers, the need for a method to discriminate between dust particles and surface imperfections has been identified. This article describes an approach to automatically assess dust particles and imperfections on the surface of interest based on the stereo vision approach.
Contactless measurement of electric current using magnetic sensors
Authors: Ripka Pavel
Published: June 2019

We review recent advances in magnetic sensors for DC/AC current transducers, especially novel AMR sensors and integrated fluxgates, and we make critical comparison of their properties. Most contactless electric current transducers use magnetic cores to concentrate the flux generated by the measured current and to shield the sensor against external magnetic fields. In order to achieve this, the magnetic core should be massive. We present coreless current transducers which are lightweight, linear and free of hysteresis and remanence. We also show how to suppress their weak point: crosstalk from external currents and magnetic fields.