bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodical approaches to the formation of structural-parametric models of regulatory management of reproduction processes sustainability resistance in perennial agrocenoses
Authors: Egorov E. A , Shadrina Zh. A , Kochyan G. A
Published: April 2024

The necessity of forming structural-parametric models of normative management of the stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses is substantiated. Modern methods of managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in complex natural and man-made systems are considered: cognitive analysis and promising digital technologies. A structural model of the functional stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses has been developed, representing a hierarchical system that determines the structure of the relationships of functions and elements of reproductive processes, including the parameters of these relationships. An algorithm for the formation of a structural model of stability parameters has been developed, including the identification of functional areas of impacts; the formation of a system of evaluation indicators; the identification of functional ecological-economic and technological-economic relationships and the determination of their dimension; assessment of system-wide and functional stability of reproduction processes; determination of stability criteria and a system of restrictions; econometric modeling in order to determine the rational parameters of the stability of reproduction processes. The role of biotechnologies in ensuring the potential stability of agrocenoses, leveling the negative consequences as a result of climatic and chemical-man-made impacts on the elements of agrocenosis is substantiated. The tools of management of biotechnological processes in the elements of agrocenosis according to the criteria of adaptability, biologization and rational nature management are proposed. The normative-parametric model of ensuring the stability of reproductive processes has been developed, the main purpose of which is to substantiate the regulators (tools) of bringing the system to a stable state. The effectiveness of the adjustment of agrotechnological regulations in order to bring the indicators of the state of the agroecosystem to the normative level of stability is substantiated.
Selection for breeding use of plum varieties resistant to spring frosts from the bioresource collection of VNIISPK
Authors: Ozhereleva Z. E , Bolgova A. O
Published: April 2024

Spring frosts during flowering and fruit setting often deprive the plum of the harvest, worsen the general condition of trees and the quality of fruits. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to isolate plum varieties resistant to spring frosts for breeding use. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 at the sites of the primary variety study of stone crops and in the laboratory of the Physiology of the stability of fruit plants of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The objects of the study were plum varieties of various genetic origin of the bioresource collection of the Institute. The assessment of resistance to spring frosts in the field was carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops". In laboratory conditions, artificial freezing was carried out in the climate chamber Espec PSL-2KPH (Japan). The stability of generative organs of Prúnus doméstica, Prunus salicina and Prunus × rossica Erem. varieties was evaluated. in field and controlled conditions. Varieties of Prunus × rossica Erem. - Vetraz’, Gek, Zlato Skifov and Prunus salicina - Orlovskaya mechta, Skoroplodnaya, Suvenir Vostoka showed high stability of flowers and buds after the action of temperature -3 °C. The varieties Hungarian Zarechnaya, Stanley and Kuban Comet withstood a temperature of -3 °C with a proportion of dead buds of no more than 10 % and flowers of no more than 25 %. The data obtained under controlled conditions had a close correlation with the field assessment of damage to plum blossoms r = 0.75. The most resistant to spring frosts in the field and laboratory conditions are the varieties of plum Kubanskaya cometa, Skoroplodnaya and Orlovskaya mechta.
Adaptive potential large-fruited strawberry varieties and hybrids (Fragaria×ananassa duch.) in the conditions of the Kamchatka territory
Authors: Dakhno T. G , Dakhno O. A , Murzina O. G
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of assessing the productivity, ecological plasticity, stability, homeostasis and breeding value of large-fruited strawberry varieties in the conditions of the Kamchatka Territory. According to the results of the research, the Alexandrina variety and hybrids 4-0-1, 5-0-2 with high productivity and ecological plasticity were identified for use in breeding programs when creating new agroecologically specialized varieties.
Breeding characteristics of farm guinea fowls
Authors: Zabiyakin V. A , Zamyatin S. A , Maksutkin S. A
Published: April 2024

The time at which poultry reaches sexual maturity affects the economic profitability of the farm. The timing may vary under the influence of feeding, lighting and other conditions, the stability of which in individual farms is difficult to maintain at the same level. Tests of poultry for productive qualities and breeding indicators were carried out in 2021-2022 at the K.A. Zhdanov peasant (farming) economy, (Voronezh region, Ramonsky district, Novopodkletnoye village) on guinea fowl of the selection core line VBA-1 (Volga white autosex). Studies have shown that early selection of laying hens and breeding males before the start of flock reproduction increases the proportion of highly productive birds. The maximum number of fertilized eggs (90.42±4.29 - 92.71±3.07%) was obtained from early and mid-ripening laying hens that reached the age of puberty at 231-244 days. Early-ripening guinea fowl had a significant (P
Productivity and fatty acid composition of broiler chickens blood serum when fed bile
Authors: Ryazantseva K. V , Sizova E. A , Nechitailo K. S
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of intensive poultry farming, fats and oils are widely used as the most effective high-energy feed ingredients. Bile acids are powerful "digestive surfactants" that aid in the emulsification and absorption of lipids, including fat-soluble vitamins. Cattle bile was added to the diet of broiler chickens of the experimental groups, group I - 0.05%, group II - 1%. In the blood serum, a significant decrease in palmitic FA (C16:0) is observed in experimental groups I and II, so the difference with the control was 2.9% (p
The effectiveness of the acanthopanax application for the prevention of cow owl
Authors: Kluchnikova N. F , Kluchnikov M. T , Klyuchnikova E. M
Published: April 2024

The positive influence of the medications from Acanthopanax roots on the reproductive function of cows is determined. The short-term inclusion of the flour from Acanthopanax roots in the ration of dry cows showed the positive influence on the studied indicators. The cases of the operational separation of the afterbirth shortened from 11.9 to 3.8 %, number of days from calving to the first wish to become pregnant shortened by 11.7 days (66.8 in control to 55.1 in experiment), the duration of service-period decreased on averave by 15 days (88 in control to 73 in experiment). The dynamism of activity of the blood serum ferments as the term of pregnancy are increasing is exposed. The results of use of the extract from Acanthopanax roots from the first day after calving testify to the positive changes of the all studied indicators, characterizing the state of cow reproductive function. The processes of uterus involution accelerated significantly regarding animals of the experienced group. Thanks to this the sexual cycles after calving resumed earlier on averave by 9.9 days in comparison with the cows of the same age of the control group, that reflected positive on the results of ows artificial insemination. The size of service-period decreased by 25.13 days. The difference is significant when P< 0.01 (td=3.2).
Methodology for Estimating Corn Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Ivashenenko I. N. , Bagrintseva V. N.
Published: April 2024

A method for assessing the responsiveness of corn to nitrogen fertilizer has been developed. In 2012-2015, the All-Russian Corn Research Institute studied corn hybrids of different ripeness groups on the basis of responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer. Corn hybrids were grown in a field experiment on 2 backgrounds: 1 - control without fertilizer and 2 - N60. As quantitative signs of responsiveness to fertilizer, the height of plants in the flowering phase, the yield of green mass in the phase of milk-wax ripeness and grains in the phase of full ripeness were used. The indicator of the reaction of corn to nitrogen fertilizer was calculated by the formula:
=(2-1)1100+(2-1)1100+(2-1)1100,
where Пр is an indicator of the reaction to nitrogen fertilizer; вр1, вр2 - the height of corn plants, respectively, in the control and on a fertilized background; зм1, зм2 - the yield of green mass in the milky-waxy ripeness of corn in the control and on a fertilized background; уз1, уз2 - the grain yield of corn samples in the control and on a fertilized background. According to the parameters of the reaction to nitrogen fertilizer, highly responsive forms of corn were identified: Mashuk 355 MV and Mashuk 390 MV hybrids. The method for assessing the responsiveness of corn to nitrogen fertilizer is protected by Patent No. 2744730 dated March 15, 2021.
Efficiency of Methods of Bioconversion of Fertilizer Nutrients into Green Fodder in a Peat Bog
Authors: Anisimova T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

In a two-factor field experiment, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with direct sowing of grass seeds in the turf of a cultivated peat bog was studied for the development of low-cost methods of bioconversion of nutrients of mineral fertilizers into green feeds. During the agro-economic and energy assessment of the agricultural practices used, it was established that the combination of sowing and application of mineral fertilizers was effective and contributed to obtaining the highest profit, which amounted to 24-53 thousand. rub/ha, reducing the cost of 100 k.e./ha by an average of 41-46%, increasing the energy efficiency of costs by 1.8 times compared to the control. The highest payback of a feed unit of 1 kg of NPK was noted in variants with cultivated fertilized phytocenosis, this indicator increased by an average of 1.2-1.6 times compared with variants of natural phytocenoses. Taking into account the indicators of soil fertility and the payback of the costs of carrying out a complex of agricultural practices, it was concluded that the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers in the natural phytocenosis (without sowing) was the dose of N60P90K120, in the cultivated phytocenosis - doses of N60P60K90 and N60P90K120.
New Combined Preparations to Protect Potatoes from the Colorado Potato Beetle
Authors: Shorokhov M. N. , Krivchenko O. A. , Dolzhenko O. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of the evaluation of the biological efficacy of the combined insecticide Eforium, CS (thiamethoxam 141 g/l + lambda-cyhalothrin 106 g/l) and the insectofungicide Vibrans Top, CS (thiamethoxam 262.5 g/l + fludioxanil 25 g/l + sedaxan 25 g/l) and ecotoxicological indicators of these drugs are presented. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that it is advisable to use these drugs in potato protection systems against the Colorado potato beetle in accordance with the established regulations for use, provided that these drugs are available in the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Chemical Composition of Spring Wheat Plants on Acidic Sod-Podzolic Light Loamy Soil, Calcified by Calcium-Containing Industrial Waste. Empirical Models of Translocation of Macro- and Microelements into Vegetative
Authors: Litvinovich A. V. , Lavrishchev A. V. , Kovleva A. O. , Bure V. M.
Published: April 2024

In 2 vegetation experiments laid on acidic sod-podzolic light loamy soil, a comparative study of the fertilizing value and reclamation properties of finely ground dolomite flour (DF) particles used for road construction and blast furnace slag (FS) of a metallurgical plant was carried out. It was found that 1 year after liming, DF, introduced in doses equivalent to FS in terms of neutralizing ability, contributed to a greater shift in pHKCl and a greater accumulation of the sum of the exchange bases Ca2+ + Mg2+. In terms of the effect on the productivity of wheat straw, variations with FS, introduced in equal amounts with DF, were not inferior to the latter. The effect of liming DF on wheat grain yield was more significant than with FS. The relationship between the content of mobile Ca2+ + Mg2+ cations in reclaimed soil and the productivity of wheat grain was revealed. Empirical dependences describing the effect of increasing doses of meliorants on the transition of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese into straw and grain of plants have been developed. It is concluded that at the first stage of the dissolution of meliorants, their chemical nature was the leading factor in achieving the effect of curing. The degree of grinding of lime materials was of secondary importance.
Effect of Bacterial Strains with Different Ability to Synthesize Auxins and Cytokinins on the Growth and Water Relations of Wheat Plants
Authors: Martynenko E. V. , Arkhipova T. N. , Akhtyamova Z. A. , Kuz’mina L. Y.
Published: April 2024

The content of cytokinins, auxins, chlorophyll, transpiration, content and relative content of water, water and osmotic potentials, hydraulic conductivity, morphological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants after the introduction into their rhizosphere of cytokinin-producing strains (Bacillus subtilis IB-22) or auxin-producing (Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14) bacteria was evaluated. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions in vessels with agrochernozem at an optimal level of illumination. It was shown that the cytokinin-producing strain stimulated plant growth, accumulation of chlorophyll, and increased transpiration to a greater extent compared to plants treated with the auxin-producing strain. Plants under the influence of the B. subtilis IB-22 strain lost more water during transpiration, while there was no decrease in the level of water content and turgor. It is concluded that bacterial cytokinins affect the water metabolism of wheat plants by increasing hydraulic conductivity, and bacterial auxins - to a greater extent due to osmotic regulation. A more significant stimulation of plant growth by bacteria of the B. subtilis IB-22 strain is also explained by the ability of cytokinins to influence the chlorophyll content to a greater extent than auxins.
Influence of Salicylic and Succinic Acids on the Indicators of Growth and Photosynthesis and the Content of Chlorophyll in Wheat Plants Grown under Water Deficiency
Authors: Yakunina A. V. , Sinitsyna Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

In the conditions of climate warming, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased, therefore, the development of methods that increase the resistance of crops to water scarcity is of great importance. The aim of the work is to study the effect of salicylic and succinic acids on growth indicators, photosynthetic activity indicators and on the content of pigments in the leaves of plants grown under conditions of irrigation and water scarcity. Wheat plants were grown under laboratory conditions. The seeds were pre-soaked in distilled water (control), in a solution of 0.05 mM salicylic acid or in a solution of 0.05 mM succinic acid. After the appearance of the first roots on the 3rd day, the germinated seeds were transferred to 200 ml vegetative vessels filled with soil and grown at 22-24C in natural light and daily watering. On day 5, the plants were divided into groups watering and water shortage. The water shortage group was stopped watering until the end of the experiment. On day 11, the indicators of the maximum and effective quantum yield of photosystem II, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching and electron flux density were determined using a FRAME-fluorimeter. On the 16th day of growing plants, the quantitative content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids was determined, the relative water content in shoots and roots was calculated. The relative water content in plants hardly changed when treated with acids under irrigation conditions, but in case of water deficiency, treatment with succinic acid reduced the water content in the root by 6%. In conditions of lack of moisture, acid treatment increased the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, the photochemical quenching coefficient of chlorophyll and the electron flux density by an average of 17-20%. Under irrigation conditions, treatment with salicylic and succinic acids caused a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a (by 11 and 32%, respectively), carotenoids (by 57 and 32%) and an increase in the content of chlorophyll b (by 49 and 23%). When treated with succinic acid, the total content of chlorophyll a + b decreased by 14%. In conditions of water deficiency, treatment with salicylic acid increased the relative content of chlorophylls and carotenoids by an average of 2.6 and 3.3 times, when treated with amber - by 3.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, compared with the control in terms of raw weight. The use of the studied acids can be recommended for potential use in agriculture.
Use of Synthetic Cytokinin-Like Growth Regulators as Antistress Agents at Cucumber Cultivation in Greenhouses
Authors: Lukatkin A. S.
Published: April 2024

The effect of synthetic analogues of cytokinins - cytodef and tidiazuron - on the growth, development and productivity of cucumber plants grown in protected soil was studied. Cucumber plants at the stage of 3-4 leaves were planted from garden pots into the ground and treated with cytodef solutions at concentrations of 10-9-10-6 M/l or tidiazuron at concentrations of 10-11-10-6 M/l. During vegetation, the timing of the passage of phenological phases was noted, the height of plants, the number of leaves, flowers (male and female), fruits (at the beginning of fruiting) were periodically changed. The productivity of cucumber plants was determined by means of periodic (after 1-2 days) collections. It was revealed that the treatment of young plants with different concentrations of drugs favorably affected the growth of cucumber; the best results were obtained at a concentration of tidiazuron 10-8 M/l and cytodef - in doses from 10-8 to 10-6 M/l. Treatment of cucumber plants with cytodef and tidiazuron increased plant productivity and the yield of the fruits obtained. Under stressful temperature conditions, the preparations contributed to the better condition of the plants.
Sample Preparation of QuEChERS in the Determination of Pesticides in Apples by Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mukharlyamova A. Z. , Balymova M. V. , Mukhammetshina A. G. , Burkin K. Ye. , Bekmuratova F. A.
Published: April 2024

Optimal conditions of gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) were selected, which allowed to obtain satisfactory separation and identification of some organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphorus (OPP) pesticides. Several sorbents were studied at the stage of extract purification in order to reduce the matrix effect in order to achieve higher analysis accuracy. The completeness of the extraction of OCP and OPP from the apple matrix was evaluated using the example of the following pesticides: hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, -, - and -isomers), dimethoate, phosalone, chlorpyrifos. It was found that the most effective was the use of Florisil sorbent in combination with MgSO4, which allowed to minimize matrix effects and obtain the best indicators of the extraction degree of the investigated analytes. This method was used to monitor the content of residual amounts of pesticides in apples of different varieties.
Agrochemical Parameters of the Fertility of the Arable Meadows Differentiated Soils of the Primorsky Region in the Conditions of Long-Term Agricultural Use
Authors: Zharikova E. A. , Burdukovskii M. L. , Golodnaya O. M.
Published: April 2024

The results of studies of the agrochemical properties of meadow differentiated soils of reference plots that have been in agricultural circulation for a long period are presented. The humus content, exchange acidity and the degree of saturation with bases have not changed much over 35 years of intensive soil use in agriculture. A decrease of hydrolytic acidity and the content of available phosphorus, as well as a significant increase in the content of exchangeable potassium was revealed. A trend towards a decrease in the content of exchange bases was noted. The calculated complex indicator of the agrochemical state of the soil indicates the multidirectional change in soil fertility in the studied areas, which is associated with differences in the availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and humus. The need for the widespread application of phosphorus fertilizers and a decrease in the differentiation of soil fertility in various areas has been identified.
Effectiveness of Herbicides for Weed Control and Their Phytotoxicity for Sugar Beet depending on Age of the Treated Plants and Consumption Rates of Chemicals
Authors: Dvoryankin E. A.
Published: April 2024

In field experiments at the VNIISS experimental field, various combinations of herbicides were tested against juvenile dicotyledonous weeds in the sugar beet crop in 2018-2020, including preparations: Betanal maksPro (BMP), Betanal Expert OF (BEOF), Betanal 22, Mitron, Caribou. The effectiveness of chemical weeding has been investigated depending on the age of weeds and the rate of consumption of drugs. It is shown that the highest efficiency of chemical weeding (98-100%) in combination with low phytotoxicity for sugar beet was provided when processing the lowest (of the recommended) consumption rates of drugs in the early phases of weed development: cotyledons-the 1st pair of true leaves. The delay in herbicide treatment increased the heterogeneity of weeds in the development phase and reduced the effectiveness of chemical weeding. Sugar beet, especially in the early stages of development, experienced stress after the introduction of herbicides for 6 to 14 days. The duration of stress depended on the dose of herbicide, environmental conditions, and the phase of sugar beet development. With excessive application of herbicides, sugar beet plants were subject to a longer depression. The formation of productive indicators of sugar beet depends on weather conditions, the effectiveness of a combination of herbicides on weeds and their toxicological load on crop plants. The use of maximally permissible and increased herbicide consumption rates for overgrown weeds at all stages of chemical weeding created prerequisites for reducing the productive indicators of sugar beet. In experiments where relatively rigid herbicide schemes were used, the calculated sugar harvest decreased by 0.64-1.01 t/ha.
Influence of Nutrient Medium Composition for Culturing Bacteria and the Dose of B. subtilis 10-4 Biologics on Growth Indicators and Productivity of Wheat Plants
Authors: Garipova S. R. , Pusenkova L. I. , Lastochkina O. V. , Fedorova K. A. , Dedova M. A. , Markova O. V. , Matyunina V. D. , Yuldashev R. A.
Published: April 2024

Inoculation of crop seeds with selective strains of growth-stimulating bacteria is an environmentally friendly, low-cost way to increase their yield, but may depend on some biotechnological factors affecting their physiological activity. These include the conditions for the cultivation of bacteria and the dose of the drug. The work analyzed the effectiveness of inoculation of Bashkir spring wheat with 28 different preparations of the Bacillus subtilis strain 10-4: 1 - an aqueous suspension of bacterial cells washed off potato-glucose agar (PGA), 2 - a liquid culture containing cells with exometabolites obtained by cultivating bacteria in potato- glucose broth (PGB), 3 - liquid culture of bacterial cells grown in legume-glucose broth (LGB). At the same time, the growth-stimulating effect of applying a high dose (108 cells/ml) and a low dose (104-105 cells/ml) of bacteria in the inoculum was evaluated. When comparing the preparations obtained from potato-glucose medium, it was revealed that the positive growth effect (an increase in the number of wheat plant roots) was caused only by a high dose of the drug cells in the PGA and both doses of the drug in the PGB, but a high dose of the drug in the PGB inhibited seed germination up to 74% (in the control 100%). When comparing the preparations obtained during the cultivation of bacteria in PGB and LGB, it was revealed that the best growth effect (total root length and shoot height) was greater than control in plants inoculated with a small dose of the drug in PGB and a large dose of the drug in LGB. The stimulating effect of a small dose of the drug in LGB was less and extended only to the root system. The results of laboratory experiments coincided with the effectiveness of the studied drugs in the field. The use of a drug obtained in BGO and administered at a dose of 108 cells / ml, and a drug obtained in PGB and administered at a dose of 105 cells/ml, increased grain yield by 1.6-1.7 times with a decrease in the intensity of leaf-stem diseases by 32 and 11% compared with the untreated control. The drug obtained in LGB and introduced in a small dose did not provide either an increase in yield or a protective effect compared to the control. Possible causes of the action of B. subtilis 10-4 strain preparations related to the production of phytohormones by it, depending on the composition of the medium, and with different adaptive capacity of bacteria when cultured on nitrogen-rich and less nitrogen-rich media are discussed.
Gross Content and Mobile Forms of Halogens (Fluorine, Bromine and Iodine) in the Soils of Republic of Tyva
Authors: Konarbaeva G. A. , Smolentseva E. N. , Demin V. V.
Published: April 2024

The chemical composition of the soils of the Republic of Tyva has been studied and evaluated from an ecological standpoint. This is important both from a scientific and practical point of view. Halogens play a significant role in the vital activity of living organisms. They, like other macro- and microelements, are involved in the process of forming the food chain: atmosphere - soil - natural waters - plants - animals - man. When assessing the biogeochemical value of a particular halogen, it is important to know not only its gross content, but also the concentration of its mobile forms capable of migration and participation in the dynamic equilibrium between the solid phase of the soil and the soil solution. This is due to the fact that plants are supplied with nutrients due to the mobile forms of various elements. At the present stage, the study of halogens is clearly insufficient, fluorine is among the most studied, iodine is less, and bromine is very poorly studied.
Sulfur in Non-Irrigated and Irrigated Chestnut Soils and Evaluation of Application of Increasing Doses of Sulfur Fertilizers (with NPK) for Potatoes
Authors: Merkusheva M. G. , Ubugunov L. L. , Boloneva L. N. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: April 2024

It was found that due to the low humus content and low biological activity of virgin chestnut soils of Western Transbaikalia, the gross amount of sulfur is low. The distribution of sulfur along the profile is gradually decreasing with some accumulation of it in the carbonate horizon. Prolonged irrigation due to an increase in humus content and biological activity contributed to an increase in the amount of sulfur, which practically increases with the depth of the profile. When irrigated in a layer of 0-20 cm, the stock of mobile sulfates was 3 times larger than in virgin soil (7.3 and 2.4 kg/ha, respectively); in the 0-50 cm layer - 1.3 times, in the 0100 cm layer - 2.9 times. According to the content and reserves of mobile sulfur, chestnut soils in a layer of 0-20 cm are classified as low-income. After 3 years of using increasing doses of sulfur fertilizers (against the background of NPK) for irrigated potatoes, the content of all forms of sulfur in the soil increased depending on the dose size. The following pattern was revealed: with an increase in the dose, the amount of Sorg in the soil and the enrichment of humus with it increased, the ratio C : Sorg narrowed. A negative sulfur balance was established in the control and in the background version. The introduction of the lowest dose of S15 has already formed a positive balance, but given that chestnut soils are depleted of mobile sulfur, it is necessary to apply a dose of S30 (against the background of NPK) in compliance with irrigation standards.
Effect of Sulfur Dioxide as a Component of the Volatile Organic Compounds of Fungi of the Genus Lecanicillium on the Phytophagous Western Flower Thrips and Peach Aphid
Authors: Mitina G. V. , Stepanycheva E. A. , Titov Yu. A. , Choglokova A. A. , Cherepanova M. A. , Kuzmin A. G.
Published: April 2024

Earlier, using the MS7-200 quadrupole mass spectrometer developed by the IAP RAS, sulfur dioxide was detected as part of volatile organic compounds (VoCs) released into the air by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of the genus Lecanicillium. In this work, we evaluated the effect of this compound on such dangerous phytophages as the Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and the peach aphid Myzus persicae in low doses corresponding to the content of sulfur dioxide in the composition of VOCs over the growing mycelium of fungi. It was found that sulfur dioxide did not have a negative effect on female thrips F. occidentalis and their fertility when sulfur dioxide is injected into vials at concentrations of 9 and 17 ppm and kept for 2 hours. At a dose of 33 ppm, sulfur dioxide caused a 10% mortality of female thrips after 2 hours and 15.4% after 1 day, while a 36% decrease in female fertility was observed. Sulfur dioxide at concentrations of 17-33 ppm was nontoxic for peach aphid females after 2 hours. Aphid mortality at the level of 26% was noted after 2 days at a sulfur dioxide concentration of 33 ppm, while fertility decreased by 22%. At a dose of 23 ppm, sulfur dioxide reduced the fertility of aphids most significantly - by 30%. The data obtained indicate the influence of sulfur dioxide contained in the composition of fungal VOCs on the behavioral reactions of phytophages.
Fixation of Potassium and Magnesium by the Soil of Agrocenoses
Authors: Yakimenko V. N.
Published: April 2024

It was found that the soil of the agrocenosis with a long-term deficit balance of potassium and magnesium recorded 60-70% of potassium introduced with fertilizer and 20-30% of magnesium. With a positive balance of these elements in the agrocenosis, the fixation of potassium by the soil decreased to 40, and magnesium - to 6-10%. The introduction of increasing doses of potassium fertilizer did not affect the soil level of the content of exchangeable magnesium, the use of magnesium fertilizers did not change the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil. The combined use of moderate doses of potassium and magnesium fertilizers contributed to a decrease in potassium fixation by 10-16% compared with its separate application, while the intensity of magnesium fixation did not change. With increased doses of potassium, its fixation by the soil did not depend on the additional addition of magnesium, and magnesium fixation significantly decreased.
Method of Preparation, Study of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material “Chitosan–Titanium Dioxide” for Agricultural Use
Authors: Baikin A. S. , Melnikov A. A. , Mikhailova A. V. , Kaplan M. A. , Nasakin E. O. , Sergienko K. V. , Konushkin S. V. , Sevostyanova E. P. , Stepanova E. V. , Zhelezova S. V. , Glinushkin A. P. , Sevostyanov M. A.
Published: April 2024

Bioprotective materials for agriculture are an important part of the modern world. A wide range of different compounds are used for their development. For example, titanium dioxide, in addition to its protective properties, has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients, improves the efficiency of fertilizers and, accordingly, reduces their consumption, which is especially important in the modern world. However, direct injection of titanium dioxide is ineffective due to the processes of its loss. The best option is a prolonged isolation that provides the required concentration of titanium dioxide in the soil for the plant. The introduction of titanium dioxide into the polymer matrix can solve this problem by gradual release. In turn, such a polymer matrix has a number of requirements for their properties. A possible solution may be chitosan – a non-toxic, non-immunogenic, antimicrobial, biologically safe and biodegradable material. The paper considers the preparation of the composite material “chitosan–titanium dioxide” in granular form. The efficiency of a material with mass ratios of chitosan to titanium dioxide of 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 3 : 1, as well as chitosan without titanium dioxide, has been studied. The structure and mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials are investigated.
Effect of the Use of Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Variation of Crop Yield Increments1 in the Conditions of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Volynkina O. V.
Published: April 2024

The variability of crop yield growth from the use of phosphorus fertilizer in doses of P40–20 added to nitrogen fertilizer in a 52-year stationary experiment of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences is shown. The study of the effectiveness of phosphorus was conducted first in the grain crop rotation during annual plowing, then in permanent wheat crops after a stubble background. The yield increases were very different over the years. With a few exceptions, the relationship of the increase in yield from phosphorus with the air temperature of the 1st decade of June is shown. High increases were accompanied by low air temperature in the 1st decade of June and sufficient provision of plants with moisture. The connection with precipitation was more clearly manifested in permanent wheat crops. The payback of the P40 dose by the increase in yield in grain units in crop rotation in years with high fertilizer efficiency was at the level of 8–14 kg/kg, falling in other conditions to 6–1.5 kg/kg. The payment of P20 by increments of permanent wheat grain varied from 13–17–26 kg/kg in years with high and medium increments up to 2 kg/kg with low effects from the use of phosphorus fertilizer.
Reaction of Peas to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Inoculation of Seeds with Ritorfin on Sod-Podzolic Soil of Different Degree of Cultivation
Authors: Alyoshin M. A. , Zavalin A. A.
Published: April 2024

The results of the vegetative experiment on the establishment of the joint effect of the biological preparation Rhizotorphin and N-fertilizer (doses N0.05, N0.10, N0.15, N0.20, N0.25) on the formation of vegetative mass and the yield of seed pea grain when cultivated on weakly and medium cultivated sod-podzolic soil are presented. With an increase in the dose of N-fertilizer from N0.05 to N0.25, an increase in the yield of green mass of peas was observed by 3.4–22.2 g/vessel (on poorly cultivated) and by 10.3–35.5 g/vessel (on medium cultivated soil). The increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizotorphin on average in the experiment was 1.31 g/vessel on weakly and 1.66 g/vessel on medium cultivated soil. The application of N-fertilizer in medium cultivated soil conditions increased the responsiveness of seeded peas to inoculation to 1.70–1.87 g/vessel. When using Rhizotorphin and applying N-fertilizer, the accumulation of N in pea grain increased by 0.22 and 0.18% in accordance with the degree of cultivation of the soil. When using Rhizotorphin, N was accumulated in the roots, which positively affected the preservation of their activity and functioning at later stages of development, the intake and accumulation of N in the forming grain. The biological preparation Rhizotorphin influenced the accumulation and distribution of consumed N between the main and by-products of pea plants. Due to this, in the budding phase – the beginning of flowering, the dose increased to 0.83–0.88, and 38.0–65.5 mg N/vessel was additionally accumulated in the pea grain. With an increase in the dose of N-fertilizer over 0.05 g/kg on weakly and 0.20 g/kg on medium cultivated soil, the process of forming a symbiotic apparatus on the root system of peas was completely suppressed.
Influence of Chemical Meliorants on Microbiological Activity of Chernozem-Meadow Soils
Authors: Cheverdin Yu. I. , Titova T. V. , Bespalov V. A.
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted in the Voronezh FASC “Kamennaya Steppe” in 2020–2022. The assessment of the state of the structure of microbial cenosis in meadow soils with the use of various chemical meliorants is given. Options for reclamation included the introduction of gypsum and defecate at a dose of 5 t/ha and a combination of their half doses. The number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms was determined by seeding on solid nutrient media. Accounting for organisms assimilating organic forms of nitrogen – by sowing on meat-peptone agar (MPA), accounting for organisms assimilating mineral forms of nitrogen – by sowing on starch-ammonium medium (SAM), accounting for organisms mineralizing humus – by sowing on nitrate agar, accounting for fungi – on Chapek medium, accounting for the amount of nitrogen – on soil plates, accounting for nitrifiers – on hungry agar, accounting for organisms that decompose fiber – on Vinogradsky’s medium. As a result of chemical reclamation of meadow soils with the use of gypsum and defecate as meliorants, patterns of changes in the activity of soil microorganisms were established. It was possible to identify a fairly clear dependence of the increase in the number of microorganisms that utilize organic forms of nitrogen on the use of meliorants in meadow soil of a hollow-shaped depression. Mineralization processes of organic matter were maximally expressed in meadow-chernozem soil on a plain rise when gypsum was used as a meliorant at a dose of 5 t/ha, while the use of gypsum and defecate at a dose of 2.5 + 2.5 t/ha had a greater effect on the content of nitrifiers in this soil. In the chernozem-meadow soil of a hollow-like decrease, the use of defecate at a dose of 5 t/ha led to an increase in the content of actinomycetes. In the chernozem-meadow soil of the plain depression, the use of all meliorants had an impact on the increase in the number of humus mineralizers, fungi, as well as nitrifiers compared with the control. It was not possible to identify any significant pattern associated with the use of meliorants on these soils for the maintenance of azotobacter colonies. In soils with different degrees of soil moisture, the use of meliorants had an ambiguous effect on the number of cellulolytics: an increase in soil hydromorphism in combination with the use of defecate at a dose of 5 t/ha led to a maximum increase in cellular microorganisms in the chernozem-meadow soil of a hollow-like decrease.
Accumulation of Atmospheric Carbon by Crop Rotation Crops and the Effect of Fertilizer Systems on the Accumulation of Organic Carbon by Arable Sod-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Zavyalova N. E. , Vasbieva M. T. , Yamaltdinova V. R. , Kazakova I. V.
Published: April 2024

Experimental data on the accumulation and loss of organic carbon in sod-podzolic soil over 6 rotations of a long stationary experiment are presented. It was found that during the growing season during photosynthesis, spring barley plants were bound into organic compounds 2.84–3.25 t/ha from the atmosphere (10.3–11.6 t CO2/ha) during the growing season, meadow clover of the second year of use – 4.23–5.19 t C/ha (15.1–18.6 t CO2/ha) depending on the experience options. During the rotation of the 8‑field crop rotation, cultivated crops were sequestered from the atmosphere 82.28–99.31 tons of CO2/ha or 22.4–27.1 tons C/ha, depending on the soil fertilization system. Long-term use of arable land without fertilizers led to a decrease in the carbon content in the soil by 13.5% relative to the initial level. The soil of the stationary experiment was characterized by the maximum content and reserves of organic carbon when the arable land was saturated with manure at a dose of 20 t/ha and an equivalent amount of NPK. The carbon content for 6 rotations of crop rotation increased in the 0–20 cm layer by 15% of the initial one, carbon reserves in this layer increased by 5 t/ha, in the 0–100 cm layer – by 32.0 t/ha. The average value of the carbon-protective capacity of the studied soil varied from 29 to 31 g/kg in a layer of 0–20 cm of soil and did not depend on the applied fertilizer systems. The quantity and qualitative composition of biomass entering the soil with its various fertilizers had a significant impact on the accumulation of organic carbon.
Edge Treatment of the Field and Field-Protective Forest Plants from Weeds and Pests
Authors: Kireev I. M. , Koval Z. M. , Danilov M. V.
Published: April 2024

The design of the device for a hinged rod sprayer of plants for edge processing of the field by the main method of spraying of litter and pests is proposed. The average number of droplets deposited on the surface per 1 cm2 at a distance of up to 15 m meets the agrotechnical requirements for the use of herbicides, as well as insecticides and fungicides. According to the height of the cards at a distance of 10 m from the nozzle, the number of drops per 1 cm2 decreased, and especially with an increase in the height of their location from 69.7 to 17.5 and 31.7 pcs/cm2. At a distance of 15 m from the nozzle, the droplets were small and practically did not settle on the cards. When the vehicle is moving 7.2 km/h (2.0 m/s), the total mass flow of the working fluid of 2 slot sprayers LU-04.AD-04 (color code – red) and 2 slot sprayers LU-02.AD-02, (color code – yellow) at a pressure of 4 The bar was 45.5 g/m linear. It took 45.5 liters of working fluid to work 1 km of the forest belt. For example, a capacity of 600 liters is sufficient for edge processing along the perimeter of a field with a length of 13.2 km. The developed technical means will ensure the effective treatment of protective forest plantations from weeds and pests.
Agrochemical Conditions of Loamy Haplic Luvisol at Sour Cherry Orchard after 6-Year Treatments by Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers
Authors: Roeva T. A. , Leonicheva E. V. , Leontieva L. I.
Published: April 2024

In a field experiment in a cherry orchard, the effect of annual application of urea and potassium sulfate on the most important agrochemical properties of the soil in the root zone was evaluated. The soil of the garden is medium-loamy agro-gray with initially favorable parameters: pHKCl 5.8, humus content – 3.58–4.57%. Fertilizers have been applied since 2017 1 time a year in early spring according to the scheme: 1 – control (without fertilizers), 2 – N30K40, 3 – N60K80, 4 – N90K120, 5 – N120K160. Soil samples were taken from soil layers 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm in 2017 (the first year of experience) and in 2022 (after 6 years of fertilization). The annual application of fertilizers for 6 years led to a significant increase (by 1.4–2.2 times) in the availability of exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0–20 cm with a constant humus content in the entire root zone. At the same time, an increase in acidity and loss of calcium occurred in the upper layers of the soil under the influence of fertilizers in doses of N60K80 or more. For the period 2018–2022, the highest total yield of Turgenevka cherry trees was noted when applying fertilizers N60K80 and N120K160 (35.5 and 36.5 t/ha, respectively), but this increase was insignificant compared to the control (29.3 t/ha). Thus, an agro-gray medium loamy soil with favorable agrochemical characteristics can ensure the growth and fruiting of cherry trees without the use of fertilizers for 8 years after planting and at the same time the level of soil fertility remains stable.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Fertilizers on Soil-Dwelling Micromycetes of Meadow Chernozem Soil in Wheat Crops
Authors: Shumilova L. P. , Banetskaya E. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of long-term systematic application of fertilizers on the mycobiota of meadow chernozem soil in a stationary field experiment (Amur region) was studied for the first time. Information about cultivated soil microscopic fungi is given, an annotated list including 26 species is compiled. It was revealed that the application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30) for wheat against the background of long-term use of fertilizers caused an increase in the total number of soil fungi relative to the control variant by an average of 30–68%, whereas with their aftereffect, a less significant increase in the number of mushroom germs was observed (23–29%). The intervals of the optimal content of macronutrients for the active increase of the pool of  microscopic fungi in meadow chernozem soil were determined: phosphorus – 50–65, potassium – 195–210, nitrogen – ≥10 mg/kg with optimal soil moisture of 22–24%. The aftereffect of long-term application of fertilizers, especially organo-mineral fertilizers, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers (N30) directly in the year of the study had a positive effect on species diversity, frequency of occurrence and dynamics of the number of fungal germs in the soil. Negative rearrangements of micromycete complexes as a result of prolonged use of mineral fertilizers in the agrocenoses of meadow chernozem soils were not detected, the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers contributed to a significant decrease in the pool of phytopathogenic fungi.
The Effect of Long-Term Use of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on the Agrochemical Properties of Sod-Podzolic Soil and the Productivity of Perennial Grasses in Forage Culture in the European Nortn
Authors: Chebotarev N. T. , Brovarova O. V.
Published: April 2024

In a long-term stationary field experiment on sod-podzolic soil, the effectiveness of organic and mineral fertilizers and their effect on soil properties, yield and quality of perennial grasses in the feed six-field crop rotation was established. It was determined that the combined use of fertilizers most effectively affected the increase in soil fertility and the productivity of the clover-timothy mixture. The content of humus increased by 0.4–0.6%, mobile phosphorus by 70–150 mg/kg, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased. The complex application of fertilizers, especially in high doses, most significantly increased the yield and quality of perennial grasses.
Effectiveness of the Use of Fertilizers with Trace Elements on Spring Barley Crops in the Conditions of the Kursk Region
Authors: Minchenko Zh. N. , Lazarev V. I.
Published: April 2024

As a result of the research conducted in 2020–2022, the high efficiency and environmental feasibility of using complex fertilizers with microelements MicroFid Complex, MicroFid Zinc, microFid Boron with Zinc Chelate Reagent and Boron Chelate reagent in the cultivation of spring barley on chernozem soils of the Kursk region was established. The use of complex fertilizers MicroFid Complex, MicroFid Boron and MicroFid Zinc in the form of seed treatment and sowing in the phases “tillering” and “exit into the tube” provided an increase in the yield of spring barley – 0.29–0.45 t/ha (on 7.6–11.7%), protein growth in grain by 0.7–0.9%, grain size by 0.9–1.2%, relative to the control variant. The use of mono-fertilizers Zinc Chelate Reagent and Boron Chelate Reagent in comparison with complex micronutrients was less effective. The increase in the yield of spring barley from their use increased by 0.29–0.34 t/ha (7.6–8.9%), the amount of protein in the grain – by 0.1–0.2%, grain size – by 0.2–0.4%. There was a tendency of higher efficiency of microelement fertilizers containing boron: the yield of spring barley from the use of monoselate fertilizer Reakom-Boron Chelate was 0.05 t/ha higher than from fertilizer Reakom-Zinc Chelate, and complex fertilizer MicroFid Boron – 0.03 t/ha higher than MicroFid Zinc. The use of trace element fertilizers on spring barley crops was economically profitable and environmentally sound.