Impact of production and non-production risk factors on the formation of dental pathology among chemical industry workers
Authors:   PhD  in Medicine, researcher of the Department of Occupational Medicine, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, Zaidullin I.I. , Karimova L.K. ,   MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Human Ecology, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, Larionova T.K. ,   - candidate of Biological Sciences, associate professor, leading researcher of the Chemical and Analytical Department, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Gimranova G.G. ,   MD, PhD, DSci, Chief researcher of the Department of Occupational Health, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Masyagutova L.M. ,   MD, PhD. DSci., Chief Researcher, Occupational Medicine Department of the Ufa Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa
Published: January 2025

Objective: to examine how occupational and non-occupational factors contribute to the development of dental diseases among chemical industry workers, especially those exposed to hazardous materials. Given the potential effects of chemical exposure on oral health and the need for strict oral health standards for workers in high-risk environments, this research seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of these impacts.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted at an ethylene oxide production facility during a periodic medical examination of 188 plant operators and 148 automation center employees as a comparison group. Dental health assessments followed the WHO-recommended protocol, including the OHI-S index, and a questionnaire capturing demographic and lifestyle factors.
Results: Statistical analyses revealed that, while caries rates exceeded 90% in both groups, significant differences were observed in periodontal disease severity (χ2=9,8; p=0,002). Chemical exposure to ethylene oxide, was associated with increased dental hypersensitivity (χ2=5,46; p=0,02) and greater clinical attachment loss (U=1113,0, p=0,026). Notably, severe chronic periodontitis was 2.4 times more prevalent among chemical industry workers compared to automation employees. The logistic regression highlighted workplace chemical exposure (OR=2,04 [95% CI: 1,09–3,77] p=0,023) and infrequent brushing as key risk factors (OR=1,80 [95% CI: 1,05–2,90] p=0,035).
Conclusion: These findings underscore the significant impact of chemical exposure on dental health, with airborne chemicals identified as primary occupational hazards. Protective equipment usage appears effective in minimizing some risks, but dental hypersensitivity and severe periodontitis remain prevalent. The study confirms similar associations between chemical exposure and dental health issues observed in other research but found no link between periodontal health and obesity or education level. Current preventive measures are insufficient in reducing high rates of dental pathology among chemical industry workers. This study highlights the need for a comprehensive, targeted prevention program at both individual and corporate levels to improve oral health outcomes.
Keywords: oral diseases, chemical industry, periodontitis, risk factors, smoking.