bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrotic Strictures in Crohn’s Disease: Mechanisms and Predictive Factors
Authors: Mager Riccardo , Roda Giulia , Shalaby Mohammad Khaled , Vetrano Stefania
Published: October 2020

Fibrotic strictures are one of the most severe complications of Crohn’s Disease (CD).
They occur in about 50% of patients at five years and in 70% at ten years of the diagnosis. The only
treatment available for symptomatic fibrotic strictures is surgical resection and endoscopic dilation.
Both strategies are associated with a high rate of recurrence, and with multiple surgical resections,
which pose the threat of surgical morbidity and short bowel syndrome. Therefore, it is crucial
to identify, early, the patients more prone to develop intestinal fibrosis to intensify follow-ups,
switch to more aggressive treatments, and suggest lifestyle modifications. Scarce data are available
concerning biomarkers and genetic determinants to predict which patient will develop intestinal fibrosis.
Biologic or clinical markers would be useful to determine this subgroup of CD patients and
to predict the onset of intestinal fibrosis and, ideally, its severity. Furthermore, the identification of
environmental risk factors may suggest lifestyle changes aimed at modifying the natural course,
thus decreasing the risk of complicated CD. In this review, we will critically revise clinical, environmental,
genetic, and serologic factors that have been associated with a complicated CD course
with a particular focus on the fibrostenosing phenotype and their possible implications as predictive
factors of intestinal fibrosis.
Resveratrol as an Enhancer of Apoptosis in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Taeb Shahram , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Afrashi Shima , Moloudi Kave , Musa Ahmed E. , Najafi Masoud , Farhood Bagher
Published: October 2020

The resistance to therapy of cancer cells is a challenge for achieving an appropriate therapeutic
outcome. Cancer (stem) cells possess several mechanisms for increasing their survival following exposure to
toxic agents such as chemotherapy drugs, radiation, as well as immunotherapy. Evidences show that apoptosis
plays a key role in the response of cancer (stem) cells and their multi-drug resistance. Modulation of both
intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis can increase the efficiency of tumor response and amplify the
therapeutic effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and also immunotherapy. To date, several
agents, as adjuvant, have been proposed to overcome the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Natural products
are interesting because of the low toxicity on normal tissues. Resveratrol is a natural herbal agent that has shown
interesting anti-cancer properties. It has been shown to kill cancer cells selectively while protecting normal cells.
Resveratrol can augment reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, thus increases the production of ceramide and the
expression of apoptosis receptors, such as Fas Ligand (FasL). Resveratrol also triggers some pathways which
induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. On the other hand, resveratrol has an inhibitory effect on antiapoptotic
mediators, such as Nuclear Factor κ B (NF-κB), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Phosphatidylinositol 3–
Kinase (PI3K), and mTOR. In this review, we explain the modulatory effects of resveratrol on apoptosis, which
can augment the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy.
A Review on Metal Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plants: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Authors: George Jincy A. , Sundar Smriti , Paari Kuppusamy A.
Published: October 2020

Plant extracts contain secondary metabolites which have the potential to act as reducing and
stabilizing agents contributing to a greener and more efficient method to synthesize nanoparticles.
Rapid growth of Nanotechnology has led to an increased demand in various fields. This review summarizes
the use of potent medicinal plant extracts to synthesize metal nanoparticles, methods employed
to characterize the properties of the nanoparticles and its application. Characterization of the
nanoparticle based on its shape, size, chemical bonds, surface properties, hydrodynamic diameter and
crystalline structure using techniques such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray Diffraction),
TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDS (X-ray energy
dispersive spectroscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), Zeta Potential and FTIR (Fourier
Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy) are elaborated. The synthesized metal nanoparticles have wide
ranges of applications such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidative capability, anticancer effect, antidiabetic
properties, plant growth enhancement, dye degradation effects and anti-larval properties. Recent
advances in nanotechnology with special emphasis on plant metabolites provide an insight into
their usage as plant-derived edible nanoparticles (PDNPs). Applications, limitations and future prospects
of this technology have also been briefly discussed.
Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status
Authors: Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh K. , Dhanawat Meenakshi
Published: October 2020

:

A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared
and expanded globally by the end of the year 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing the severe
acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th February,
2020. The WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic in March 2020. On 30th January,
2020, the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Currently,
the virus has spread to almost every part of the province and the rest of the globe.

:

On the basis of novel published evidence, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference
to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Several
worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus,
etc., were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature.

:

This review is written in the hope of encouraging people with the key learning points from the underway
efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting salient points for expanding future
research.
Potential Applications of Sarcopoterium Spinosum as Medicinal Plants: Overview and Future Trends
Authors: Ak Busra , Atak Eylem , Köse Merve Deniz , Bayraktar Oguz
Published: October 2020

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) sp., is a common plant in the Mediterranean region. Over
the years, S.spinosum has been used as a remedy for many diseases. One of the most known medicinal
uses of the S.spinosum is the remedy for type II diabetes. Early studies were more focused on
the extraction and characterization of the S.spinosum. Few pentacyclic triterpenoids were identified
in S. spinosum such as tormentic acid and ursolic acid. Due to the presence of these triterpenoids,
antidiabetic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective properties of the S.spinosum have been investigated
in the literature. And these studies revealed the various health benefits of the S.spinosum extract.
While gathering the studies for this review it was seen that the effect of isolated triterpenes is preferred
rather than crude extract. For this reason, studies carried out with both crude extract and the
isolated molecules were summarized. The objective of this work is to provide a starting point for
possible health applications for S.spinosum. This review could provide a summary of these studies
on Sarcopoterium spinosum’s health benefits and its possible applications.
Efficient Vessel Segmentation Based on Proposed Adaptive Conditional
Random Field Model
Authors: Math Laxmi , Fatima Ruksar
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The objective is to provide a precise segmentation technique based on ACRF which can handle the variations between major and minor vessels and reduces the interference present in the model due to over fitting and can provide a high-quality reconstructed image. Therefore, a robust method with statistical properties needs to be presented to enhance the performance of the model. Moreover, a statistical framework is required to classify images precisely.

Methods:

Adaptive Conditional Random Field (ACRF) model to detect DR disease in early stages. Here, major vessel potentials and minor vessel potential features are extracted which in precise segmentation of vessel and non-vessel regions. This feature enhances the efficiency of the model. These major vessel and minor vessel potential features rebuild the retinal vasculature parts precisely and help to capture the contextual information present in the ground truth and label images. This method utilizes an ACRF model to reduce interference and computation complexity. Here, two efficient features are extracted to segment fundus images efficiently such as major vessel potentials and minor vessel potentials. The proposed ACRF model can provide the design patterns for both input images and labels with the help of major vessel potentials, unlike state-of-art-techniques which provide patterns for only labels and model the contextual information only in labels which is very essential while performing vessel segmentation

Results:

The performance results are tested on the DRIVE dataset. Experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed vessel segmentation technique based on the ACRF model in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1measure and segmentation quality.

Conclusion:

A highly efficient vessel segmentation technique is evaluated to describe major and minor vessel regions efficiently based on the ACRF to recognize DR in early stages and to ensure an effective diagnosis using eye fundus images. The segmentation process decomposes input images into RGB components through histogram labels based on the proposed ACRF model. Here, the Gabor filtering approach is used for pre-processing and predicting parameters. The proposed segmentation method can provide the smooth boundaries of minor and major vessel regions. The proposed ACRF model can provide the design patterns for both input images and labels with the help of major vessel potentials, unlike state-of-art-techniques which provide patterns for only labels and model the contextual information only in labels.
Wolfram Hogrebe: Duplex. Strukturen der Intelligibilität
Authors: Kerkmann Jan
Published: October 2020

Rezension zu: Wolfram Hogrebe, Duplex. Strukturen der Intelligibilität. Frankfurt a. M.: Klostermann 2018.
Ming-Chen Lo: Jenseits des Leidens
Authors: Koesling Dominik
Published: October 2020

Rezension zu: Ming-Chen Lo, Jenseits des Leidens. Adornos Beitrag zu einer Denkpsychologie. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2020.
Formasi kelompok dinamis untuk mendukung kolaborasi pembelajaran proyek perangkat lunak
Authors: Utomo Danang Wahyu , Kurniawan Defri
Published: October 2020

Matakuliah proyek perangkat lunak digunakan untuk melatih mahasiswa dalam penguasaan materi pengembangan perangkat lunak yang terdiri dari analisis, desain, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Mahasiswa diajarkan bagaimana cara mengerjakan perangkat lunak dari tahap awal hingga tahap akhir. Selain itu, mahasiswa juga dilatih untuk bekerja secara tim. Permasalahan yang terdapat pada Universitas Dian Nuswantoro adalah pembentukan kelompok masih dilakukan secara random-select. Pembentukan kelompok yang dilakukan mahasiswa berdasarkan unsur pertemanan, satu komunitas, atau grup di social media seperti WhatsApp. Hasilnya, terjadi ketidakseimbangan di dalam kelompok tim proyek. Ketidakseimbangan tim proyek dapat menyebabkan gagalnya proyek pengembangan perangkat lunak. Penelitian ini mengusulkan eksperimen pendekatan dynamic group formation dengan algoritma genetika. Hasil dari eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa algoritma genetika mampu membantu pembentukan kelompok tim proyek dengan tingkat keberhasilan 87.5% dengan pengaturan inisial populasi adalah 100 populasi dan probabilitas crossover adalah 0.6. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan alternatif pembentukan kelompok mahasiswa secara dinamis guna mendukung kolaborasi tim proyek mahasiswa. Pada proyek perangkat lunak kedepan, tidak ada pembentukan tim proyek secara homogen atau pemilihan anggota tim proyek secara self-select atau random-select. AbstractSoftware project courses are used to train students in mastering software development materials consisting of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Students are taught how to work on software from the initial stage to the final stage. In addition, students are also trained to work in teams. The problem in Universitas Dian Nuswantoro is that group formation is still done randomly-selectively. The formation of groups by students is based on the friendship level, a community, or a group on social media such as WhatsApp. As a result, there is an imbalance in the project team. Imbalance of the project team can cause the failure of software development projects. This study proposes an experiment using a dynamic group formation approach with genetic algorithms. The results of the experiment show that the genetic algorithm is able to help the formation of project team groups with a success rate of 87.5% with the initial population is 100 population and the probability of crossover (pc) is 0.6. The objective of this study is to provide an alternative dynamic formation of student groups to support the collaboration of student project teams. In the future, there is no homogeneous project team formation or selection of member teams using a self-select or random-select method.
Pengembangan modul hybrid termodinamika berbasis Self Directed Learning (SDL) bagi pelaut
Authors: Waskito Kuncoro Luhur , Subandowo Marianus , Rusmawati Retno Danu
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk pengembangan modul Hybrid termodinamika yang terdiri dari e-modul dan video pembelajaran pada Mata Kuliah Temodinamika yang digunakan oleh perwira siswa di Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya dengan berdasar konsep Self Directed Learning (SDL) sehingga pasis dapat belajar secara mandiri. Pengembangan produk ini menggunakan metode pengembangan ADDIE. Hasil produk divalidasi oleh ahli desain pengembangan, ahli isi dan ahli media pembelajaran. Analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif evaluatif dari penilaian para ahli, teman sejawat dan uji coba lapangan. Hasil perhitungan  dari ahli desain pengembangan sebesar 89,5%, ahli isi 88,5%, ahli media pembelajaran 88,8%, penilaian teman sejawat 89,2%, uji kelompok kecil 85,9%, dan uji coba lapangan 81,3%. Secara umum hasil perhitungan menunjukkan produk pengembangan sangat baik dan layak digunakan. AbstractThis study aims to produce development products in the form of E-Modules and learning videos on the Themodynamics Course used by student officers (pasis) at the Surabaya Merchant Polytechnic based on the concept of Self Directed Learning (SDL) so that the pasis can learn independently. This product development uses the ADDIE development method. Product results are validated by development design experts, content experts and learning media experts. The analysis was conducted using evaluative descriptive analysis from the assessment of experts, colleagues and field trials. The results of calculations from development design experts are 89.5%, content experts are 88.5%, learning media experts are 88.8%, peer assessments are 89.2%, small group tests are 85.9%, and field trials are 81.3 %. In general, the calculation results show that product development is very good and suitable for use.
Accuracy of Nutrient Calculations Using the Consumer-Focused Online App MyFitnessPal: Validation Study
Authors: Evenepoel Charlotte , Clevers Egbert , Deroover Lise , Van Loo Wendy , Matthys Christophe , Verbeke Kristin
Published: October 2020

Background

Digital food registration via online platforms that are coupled to large food databases obviates the need for manual processing of dietary data. The reliability of such platforms depends on the quality of the associated food database.

Objective

In this study, we validate the database of MyFitnessPal versus the Belgian food composition database, Nubel.

Methods

After carefully given instructions, 50 participants used MyFitnessPal to each complete a 4-day dietary record 2 times (T1 and T2), with 1 month in between T1 and T2. Nutrient intake values were calculated either manually, using the food composition database Nubel, or automatically, using the database coupled to MyFitnessPal. First, nutrient values from T1 were used as a training set to develop an algorithm that defined upper limit values for energy intake, carbohydrates, fat, protein, fiber, sugar, cholesterol, and sodium. These limits were applied to the MyFitnessPal dataset extracted at T2 to remove extremely high and likely erroneous values. Original and cleaned T2 values were correlated with the Nubel calculated values. Bias was estimated using Bland-Altman plots. Finally, we simulated the impact of using MyFitnessPal for nutrient analysis instead of Nubel on the power of a study design that correlates nutrient intake to a chosen outcome variable.

Results

Per food portion, the following upper limits were defined: 1500 kilocalories for total energy intake, 95 grams (g) for carbohydrates, 92 g for fat, 52 g for protein, 22 g for fiber, 70 g for sugar, 600 mg for cholesterol, and 3600 mg for sodium. Cleaning the dataset extracted at T2 resulted in a 2.8% rejection. Cleaned MyFitnessPal values demonstrated strong correlations with Nubel for energy intake (r=0.96), carbohydrates (r=0.90), fat (r=0.90), protein (r=0.90), fiber (r=0.80), and sugar (r=0.79), but weak correlations for cholesterol (ρ=0.51) and sodium (ρ=0.53); all P values were ≤.001. No bias was found between both methods, except for a fixed bias for fiber and a proportional bias for cholesterol. A 5-10% power loss should be taken into account when correlating energy intake and macronutrients obtained with MyFitnessPal to an outcome variable, compared to Nubel.

Conclusions

Dietary analysis with MyFitnessPal is accurate and efficient for total energy intake, macronutrients, sugar, and fiber, but not for cholesterol and sodium.
Solidaritas Pangan Jogja sebagai Aktor Alternatif Penyedia Kesejahteraan di Masa Krisis Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Ahmada Saqib Fardan , Marsetyo Fernandito Dikky , Putri Rizqy Anita
Published: October 2020

Tulisan ini membahas munculnya aktor alternatif berbasis jaringan dukungan sosial di tengah keterbatasan negara dalam menyediakan jaring pengaman saat krisis berlangsung. Dengan menggunakan kerangka teori informal security regime dan jaringan dukungan sosial, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Solidaritas Pangan Jogja (SPJ) bergerak dalam mendistribusikan makanan untuk pekerja informal dan kelompok rentan di Yogyakarta saat krisis akibat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SPJ merupakan aktor alternatif yang berbasis jaringan dukungan sosial dan berperan sebagai jaring pengaman dengan memenuhi kebutuhan dasar berupa makanan. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa meskipun gerakan yang dilakukan dapat memberikan bantuan dengan cepat, gerakan semacam ini juga memiliki kerapuhan dalam hal sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya finansial. Kerapuhan tersebut membuat praktik jaringan dukungan sosial seperti SPJ merupakan model yang tidak permanen dan mudah berubah.Kata Kunci: aktor alternatif; krisis; jaringan dukungan sosial; solidaritas pangan jogja

This article discusses the emergence of alternative actor based on social support networks amid state limitations in providing safety nets during the crisis. Using the theoretical framework of informal security regime and social support networks, this article aims to explain how Solidaritas Pangan Jogja (SPJ) moves in distributing food to informal workers and vulnerable groups in Yogyakarta during the crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted with qualitative methods through case study with descriptive analysis. It shows that SPJ is an alternative actor based on social support network and acts as a safety net by fulfilling food as a basic need. This article argues although this movement has capacity to provide a responsive social assistance, it is also has a fragility in terms of human and financial resources. Its fragility tends to cause social support networks such as SPJ is not permanent and unchanging form.Keywords: alternative actor; crisis; social support network; solidaritas pangan jogja
Pengembangan Inovasi Sosial Berbasis Digital: Studi Kasus Pasarsambilegi.id
Authors: Farransahat Matahari , Damayanti Acniah , Suyatna Hempri , Indroyono Puthut , Firdaus Rindu Sanubari Mashita
Published: October 2020

Belum ditemukannya vaksin COVID-19 membuat perkembangan inovasi sosial berbasis digital berkembang pesat, dan terbukti efektif dalam menanggulangi penyebaran COVID-19. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengembangan inovasi sosial berbasis digital merespon COVID-19 dilakukan. Ini dilakukan dengan mengambil kasus penelitian pada web-apps pasarsambilegi.id, yang merupakan sistem belanja daring pada pasar tradisional di DI. Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan pengambilan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan data sekunder melalui studi literatur. Hasilnya proses pengembangan inovasi sosial pasarsambilegi.id memiliki komponen penyusun yang sama dengan program kewirausahaan sosial. Diketahui kebaruan nilai sosial telah tercapai, namun belum diikuti dengan perubahan sistemik seperti yang diharapkan, karena masih membutuhkan waktu promosi lebih lama untuk meningkatkan jumlah pengguna.Kata Kunci: inovasi sosial; belanja daring; COVID-19; pasar tradisional; kewirausahaan sosial

The absence of a COVID-19 vaccine has made the development of digital-based social innovation grow rapidly, and has proven effectively in tackling the spread of COVID-19. This paper aims to examine how the process of developing digital-based social innovation in response to COVID-19 is performed. It is done by research case on the pasarsambilegi. id web-apps, which is an online shopping system in traditional markets in the province of DI. Yogyakarta. The qualitative research method is carried out by collecting primary data through observations and in-depth interviews, while secondary data through literature studies. The results of the process of developing social innovation in pasarsambilegi.id has theidentical essential components as the social entrepreneurship program. It is identified that the novelty of social values has been achieved, but has not been followed by systemic changes as expected, owing to it takes longer time for promoting in order to increase the number of users.Keywords: social innovation; online shopping; COVID-19; traditional markets; social entrepreneurship
Performance Enhancement techniques in vapour Compression refrigeration system by various evaporator loads and thermoelectric sub cooling
Authors:   All Saintsu2019 College of Technology, Bhopal, SYED ABDUL HAMEED SYED DANISH , VISHWAKARMA D.C. ,   All Saintsu2019 College of Technology, Bhopal
Published: October 2020

Part load performance analysis on simple VCR system using selected refrigerant mixture at different loading conditions is completed to identify the economic mode of loading in the evaporator. In this research work, evaporator has been loaded at different loading (thermal loading – cooling of liquid substance in the evaporator) conditions like 25, 50, 75 and 100% of its capacity based on its volume and water is considered as a substance to be cooled in the evaporator for analyzing the performance of the refrigeration system at different loading conditions. The cooling temperature C and the condensation process has range of water is considered from 26 to 2 been carried out by Atmospheric Air Circulation (AAC) mode. The various performance indexes of refrigeration systems namely work input to the compressor, condenser heat rejection rate, refrigerating effect and COP are obtained based on unit mass flow rate of the refrigerant in this analysis. Experimental results. Experimental analysis has been carried out with 3oC of subcooling in the VCR system with thermoelectric subcooling and various performance indexes are investigated with reference to water temperature in the evaporator at different loading conditions. Significant improvements in various performance indexes have been obtained for VCR system with thermoelectric subcooling. The experimental results clearly state that 75% loading condition gives the highest COP at lowest temperature of evaporator substance. Among various loading conditions, COP of 75% loading condition is about 6.7, 3.9 and 25.13% higher than that of 25, 50 and 100% loading conditions respectively. suggest that 75% loading condition is the significant one among other loading conditions in the evaporator.
Pure pallets: effectiveness and efficiency impacts on the defense transportation system
Authors: Mongold Michael B , Johnson Alan W
Published: October 2020

The military supply chain must explore initiatives to improve its ability to meet warfighter needs. One initiative, developed during operations in Afghanistan and Iraq is the pure pallet process—by consolidating material early in the supply chain into user-specific pallets, these pallets are able to transit the defense transportation system without being broken down en route, theoretically arriving to the warfighter in less time than prior break-bulk methods required. The pure pallet initiative’s effectiveness and efficiency was assessed by measuring customer requisition wait time, cargo throughput, and revenue performance. It was found that effectiveness increased, without corresponding losses in efficiency.
Management guidelines for third-party logistics
Authors: Maloni Michael
Published: October 2020

There is a significant amount of useful yet fragmented research in third-party logistics (3PL). This article seeks to review, summarize, and structure this 3PL research to provide a reference guide for managers interested in exploring, building, or improving logistics outsourcing opportunities. Topics covered include reasons to outsource, functions to outsource, 3PL provider evaluation, implementation and relationship success factors, contracts, and performance measures.
Plant supply logistics: balancing delivery and stockout costs
Authors: Pope Jennifer A , Pope James A
Published: October 2020

A manufacturer leases rail cars to transport raw material from the supplier to the factory. The manufacturer must balance the costs of leasing rail cars versus stockouts (leading to plant closings) and inventory carrying costs. Using a model of circular queues and a simulation, the cost implications of leasing different numbers of rail cars are analyzed. It is concluded that stockout costs exceed the cost of excess inventory and capacity in the logistics system.
U.S. Firm outsourcing/offshoring practices and plans: an update
Authors: Cook Robert L , Gibson Brian J
Published: October 2020

A study of U.S. firm outsourcing and offshoring practices and future plans regarding supply chain activities provides an update for supply chain managers. Specifically, the reported information provides supply chain managers of manufacturing/ merchandising firms with a competitive benchmark; facilitates third party logistics manager strategic planning efforts and provides an input to U.S. transportation planners who determine future transport and infrastructure requirements. The study reports the responses of 151 Chief Purchasing Officers from U.S. firms. Firms are benefiting from outsourcing logistics and production activities and over one-third of the firms plan to increase outsourcing spend. In addition, 60 percent of firms outsource offshore, and of these firms, 41 percent will increase their offshore spending, some by more than 50 percent.
Entry-level heavy truck drivers and highway safety: Is it finally time for federally mandated training?
Authors: Sink Harry L
Published: October 2020

This article examines the need for mandated instruction and a uniform curriculum for entry-level commercial drivers. The study also addresses the discontinuity resulting from the establishment of a uniform licensing standard without requiring preparatory training. The research involves a review of Federal regulations pertaining to obligatory operator instruction in the air, water and rail mode. The investigation concludes that weak support and lobbying efforts by certain trucking interests have thwarted the adoption of mandatory instruction and/or a uniform curriculum. The study also highlights a pressing need for policy revision given the imminent retirement of many “baby boom” generation drivers.
A decision support approach to designing the inland logistics network in China
Authors: Min Hokey , Ko Hyun-Jeung , Lin Chin-Soo
Published: October 2020

With the unprecedented growth of international trade, a growing number of multinational firms have coped with logistical challenges of shipping products to and from unfamiliar territories in many countries. These logistical challenges include the cross-border transportation of products originated from inland port to another inland port isolated from major waterways. In particular, the lack of access to major waterways would not only constrain the intermodal transportation option, but also make door-to-door, containerized delivery services nearly impossible. Such a limited option would eventually lead to increased transportation costs and transit time, and thereby offset low-cost global sourcing advantages. To aid multinational firms in addressing the problem of determining the optimal supply chain link between inland origin and destinations ports, this article proposes a shortest-path model based decision support system. The usefulness of the proposed model-based decision support system was validated by its application to a real problem encountered by a multinational firm that would like to strengthen its foothold in the Chinese market.
Mapping logistics practice using the product life cycle
Authors: Fawcett Stanley E , Magnan Greg , Birou Laura
Published: October 2020

The dynamic nature of today's global economy places a premium on a firm's ability to anticipate and to respond to customer needs as well as changing competitive pressures. Within this environment, developing a successful logistics strategy can be critical to the firm's long-term competitive success. This paper looks at the potential for using the product life cycle (PLC) as a strategic framework in the logistics strategy planning process. Results of an empirical study that investigated the appropriate use of 43 logistics techniques across PLC stages are reported. The implementation status of the various logistics techniques is also considered.
Truckload transportation requirements: in anticipation of Y2K with epilogue
Authors: Kent John L , Parker R Stephen , Pettijohn Charles E
Published: October 2020

This article investigates the impact of the much-hyped Y2K phenomenon on truckload transportation requirements in the United States, as a result of year-end inventory build-ups. The article reports the results of a Y2K Truckload Transportation Survey of truckload shippers conducted in August of 1999. Additionally, the article takes a post-hoc look at what actually occurred in an effort to completely document the impact of the Y2K phenomenon in the dry van, temperature controlled, and flatbed segments of the truckload transportation industry.
A generalization of CHSH and the algebraic structure of optimal strategies
Authors: Cui David , Mehta Arthur , Mousavi Hamoon , Nezhadi Seyed Sajjad
Published: October 2020

Self-testing has been a rich area of study in quantum information theory. It allows an experimenter to interact classically with a black box quantum system and to test that a specific entangled state was present and a specific set of measurements were performed. Recently, self-testing has been central to high-profile results in complexity theory as seen in the work on entangled games PCP of Natarajan and Vidick (FOCS 2018), iterated compression by Fitzsimons et al.\ (STOC 2019), and NEEXP in MIP* due to Natarajan and Wright (FOCS 2019). The most studied self-test is the CHSH game which features a bipartite system with two isolated devices. This game certifies the presence of a single EPR entangled state and the use of anti-commuting Pauli measurements. Most of the self-testing literature has focused on extending these results to self-test for tensor products of EPR states and tensor products of Pauli measurements.In this work, we introduce an algebraic generalization of CHSH by viewing it as a linear constraint system (LCS) game, exhibiting self-testing properties that are qualitatively different. These provide the first example of LCS games that self-test non-Pauli operators resolving an open question posed by Coladangelo and Stark (QIP 2017). Our games also provide a self-test for states other than the maximally entangled state, and hence resolves the open question posed by Cleve and Mittal (ICALP 2012). Additionally, our games have 1 bit question and log⁡n bit answer lengths making them suitable candidates for complexity theoretic application. This work is the first step towards a general theory of self-testing arbitrary groups. In order to obtain our results, we exploit connections between sum of squares proofs, non-commutative ring theory, and the Gowers-Hatami theorem from approximate representation theory. A crucial part of our analysis is to introduce a sum of squares framework that generalizes the solution group of Cleve, Liu, and Slofstra (Journal of Mathematical Physics 2017) to the non-pseudo-telepathic regime. Finally, we give a game that is not a self-test by "gluing" together two copies of the magic square game. Our results suggest a richer landscape of self-testing phenomena than previously considered.
Concentration camps of Nazi Germany as a phenomenon. Opportunities and the problem of understanding
Authors: Yakemenko Boris Grigor'evich
Published: October 2020

This article deals with the Nazi concentration camps as a phenomenon of social life and social thought in Europe in the mid-second half of the twentieth century. Today, when the world is experiencing a crisis of political and social institutions, there is less and less hope that this realization will happen. It describes the prerequisites for the formation of the system of concentration camps in Nazi Germany, the forms of their functioning, and provides comparative data on the statistics of the number of camps. It is also pointed out the importance of understanding the processes of psychological destruction of a person in the camp.
Role of education in the concept of the “New Society” of the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines (1972-1982)
Authors: Prakapovich Nina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2020

Russian historiography pays considerable attention to the economic and political modernization of the life of the Philippine archipelago, starting from the time of Spaniards, then, American colonization and ending with the era of independence. However, the educational policy on which, on the one hand, the successes of the political and socio-economic modernization of the Philippines have been based throughout the country’s history, and on the other, which by the beginning of the 21st century has become a serious obstacle to economic independence and the establishment of national self-identity, are undeservedly ignored by domestic researchers. The author of this article in previous works has already made attempts to identify the features of the educational policy of Spaniards and Americans in the Philippines, as well as of the independent Philippine governments in the first decades after the end of World War II. But no less interesting is the era of the authoritarian regime of the President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos (1972-1982). Analyzing a wide range of foreign literature and relying on presidential decrees and testimonies of contemporaries as sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the educational policy of the Marcos era is ambiguous: on the one hand, it has become an effective tool to combat country’s main social - economic problems in the 1970s - the problem of unemployment. On the other hand, in the early 1980s it led to its aggravation and marked the beginning of the mass labor migration of Filipinos, which continues to this day. Political decisions made on issues such as the language of instruction, the introduction of a national entrance exam in colleges and universities, and the publication of new textbooks have become critical levers in the deployment of education in support of the labor export strategy in the Marcos era.
The Features of Political and Religious Development of Oirats in the middle of the XIV - the middle of the XV centuries
Authors: Kitinov Baatr Uchaevich
Published: October 2020

The period starting from the second half of the XIV century. and up to the middle of the 15th century, had held under the sign of the fall of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China, and it was the most important one in the history of the Eastern Mongols and Oirats. Until then, the rule that only representatives of the Golden Family (that is, the descendants of Genghis Khan) were able to receive power to govern over Mongols, was, in fact, not questioned, but later the various interpretations began to appear. For example, Oirats, as non-Genghisids, had to assert their power, possessing only second roles (Taishi - the first minister). Despite the internal turmoil and the struggle with the descendants of the Yuan rulers, the Oirats did to try to create the united Mongol state headed by Taishis from the Choros Oirat clan. After a long struggle with the Eastern Mongols (who sometimes had also been led by Oirats, for example Ugechi Khashig and his son Esehu) of such Oirat leaders as Batula, Batubolo, Taiping and Toghon, the son of the latter, Esen, managed to not only to unite the Oirats in a short time, but also to create the united Mongolian state. In addition, he revived the religious and political role of the sangha, most likely the teachings of black-caped hat Karma Kagyu. This act was especially important because, besides the ideological counterweight to the right of Genghisids, one should have responded to the growth of Islamic activity in the region.
Retrospective of using the US universities and the Foreign Policy Association as elements of public diplomacy in the United States
Authors: Danilov Alexey Vitalievich
Published: October 2020

The article covers the period of implemetation of the leading US universities and the Foreign Policy Association as elements of US public diplomacy wchich their impact in economic, political and cultural influence all over the world. The author methodically and consistently cites analytical, historical facts proving an indirect and direct impact on the foreign policy of countries. The relevance of the article is due to the high significance and influence of non-state actors on world politics nowdays. The author points out that the political course of the leadership of the United States from the second half of the 20th century was focused on more active inclusion of the country in international politics and the rejection of isolationism, which was primarily reflected in the departure from the postulates of the Monroe Doctrine and the entry of the United States into the First World War. This, in turn, had a great influence on the development of public diplomacy in the United States as a tool to promote the interests of the country, the creation of the necessary information support for foreign policy actions of the state, as well as a favorable image of the United States in other countries. Thus it required the active involvement of the leading US universities in US public diplomacy, as well as the creation of new non-state institutions.
Executive Functions and Their Relationship with the Development of Russian Speech in Bilingual and Monolingual Children
Authors: Khotinets Vera Yu. , Salnova Sofya A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the results of a study of the relationship between executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working (speech and visual) memory and the development of Russian speech in children with natural bilingualism and monolinguals in older preschool age. The study involved 63 preschool children (50.8% - boys) aged from 5.6 to 7.3 years (M = 6.42, Med = 6.4) from preschool institutions of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). The sample included 31 children with natural bilingualism (Udmurt/Russian language) and 32 monolinguals (Russian language). Standardised methods in the Russian-language version were used to identify the executive functions: the method of verbal-colour interference of by J. Stroop (inhibitory control), the method of studying the learning ability by A.Y. Ivanova (cognitive flexibility) and the test tasks Speech Memory and Visual Memory (working memory). The level of speech development was measured using the test tasks Speech Antonyms, Speech Classifications and Arbitrary Mastery of Speech developed by L.А. Yasyukova. The following mathematical statistics methods were used: descriptive statistics, Mann - Whitney U-test and Spearman rank correlations. According to the results of the study, the facts of the advantages of bilingualism in older preschool age in executive functions, in particular, in inhibitory control cognitive flexibility and speech memory were confirmed. At the same time, no general patterns were determined in the development of Russian speech (L2) in connection with the development of the executive functions of bilingual children: this is explained by the individualisation of the processes of linking the components of speech activity in the second language and cognitive control. In monolingual preschoolers, the speech development in their native language (L1) is associated with the formation of higher mental (executive) functions and the development of the ability to control information processing.
Translingual Personality of a Scholar and Researcher: the 60th Anniversary of Prof. Zifa Kakbayevna Temirgazina
Authors: Krasina Elena A. , Rakhimzhanov Kanat K. , Akosheva Marzhan K.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the professional translingual personality of Dr. of Philology, Professor Z.K. Temirgazina who is a creative and ever-developing professional linguist and researcher. A short survey of her scientific research activities, the review of her main works, to speak about finally - the research school of linguistics help give evidence of her truly active and multidimensional work in the direction from monolingualism towards real translingualism which are both revealed in theoretical and applied planes. Its obvious that in the professional sphere a linguist being a translingual scholar is able to understand better and deeper his own creative translingual self and entity, choosing as an object of the studies various languages involving in his professional competence. Simultaneously the article observes the innovative theoretical contribution of Prof. Z.K. Temirgazina to the studies of evaluation as a linguistic category as well as the studies in semantic syntax, the theory of speech activity, and linguistic gender studies. To sum up, there is surveyed the leading role of Prof. Z.K. Temirgazina to create the Kazakhstan linguo-axiological research school carried out during the latest two decades. Together with theoretical developments, the scholar pays much attention to the applied linguistic tasks, in particular, it concerns implementation and adaptation of polylingual; education at Kazakhstan secondary schools, and development of grammar literacy of schoolchildren by means of the Russian language.
Classical Elements of Nature in Galway Kinnell’s The Book of Nightmares
Authors: Quirós-García Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze Kinnell’s The Book of Nightmares from an archetypal and mythological approach. While there have been different approaches to reading Kinnell’s book-length poem, their primary concern has been Kinnell’s work in relation to other poets of his generation rather than the analysis of the book-length poem as a unity in which archetypes and myth intersect, with a central focus that is: the classical elements (water, fire, air, and earth), as fundamental elements for the resolution of the binary oppositions life and death in the hero’s quest.. Therefore, for the purpose of this study, the Jungian archetypal approach will be assumed as well as Campbell’s mythical focus, considering that these perspectives are still a valuable means for the analysis of literary texts.
Interacciones alimentarias entre el venado Odocoileus virginianus (Mammalia: Cervidae) y cuatro especies de aves en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Miguel
Published: October 2020

Uno de los aspectos básicos de la ecología son las relaciones entre los diferentes tipos de organismos en el ecosistema.   Se registró y analizó las interrelaciones alimentarias entre el venado cola blanca y cuatro especies de aves  en el bosque húmedo tropical al noroeste de Costa Rica.  La interacción más común fue con el garrapatero piquiestriado (81,67% de todas las observaciones), seguido por la urraca copetona (10,00%), el caracara cargahuesos (5,00%) y el caracara cabecigualdo (3,33%).   Aunque algunas de estas interrelaciones ya habían sido reportadas para otras localidades, los resultados de la presente investigación son nuevos para el país.
Pengaruh Senam Hipertensi Lansia terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Lansia dengan Hipertensi di Panti Wreda Darma Bhakti Kelurahan Pajang Surakarta
Authors: Hernawan Totok , Rosyid Fahrun Nur
Published: October 2020

Masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada lansia umumnya adalah penurunan fungsi organ yang memicu terjadinya berbagai penyakit degeneratif termasuk hipertensi. Penyakit degeneratif pada lansia jika tidak ditangani dengan baik maka menurunkan kualitas hidup lansia. Hipertensi merupakan suatu gejala penyakit degeneratif kardiovaskuler yang paling banyak di alami oleh lansia dan belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti penyebabnya. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi pada lansia selain dengan farmakologi dapat pula dilakukan dengan non farmakologi seperti senam hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam hipertensi lansia terhadap penurunan tekanan darah lansia dengan hipertensi di Panti Wredha Darma Bhakti Kelurahan Pajang Surakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan preexperiment design One Group Pre test-post test. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Sphygmomanometer air raksa, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tekanan darah sebelum pemberian intervensi sebagian besar adalah prehypertension (39%), tekanan darah setelah pemberian intervensi senam hipertensi sebagian besar adalah normal (56%), danterdapat pengaruh senam hipertensi terhadap tekanan darah lansia di Panti Wredha Dharma Bhakti Pajang Surakarta (p-value = 0,001).