bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Blends of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) through Ultraquenching
Authors: Avramova Nadka
Published: April 2023

Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are obtained by means of an ultraquenching technique. The thermal behaviour, crystallization behaviour and mechanical properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and mechanical testing. The results for as-quenched blends are compared with those for the same blends after three years of storage at -15°C. Both calorimetric and X-ray studies indicate that immediately after preparation, the blends are amorphous regardless of the composition. The stored blends are also amorphous. The thermal and mechanical properties of asquenched samples change significantly after a long time at low temperature relaxation. As-quenched blends exhibit two glass transition temperatures, while after the storage, at each composition, they are characterized by a single Tg intermediate between those of the pure components. It is demonstrated that ultraquenched PET/PBT blends are miscible in an amorphous state. Both components crystallize simultaneously at all compositions. Each component forms its own crystal phase and the presence of the other one does not disturb but enhances the crystallization process. A well expressed positive synergistic effect is observed in the mechanical properties of PET/PBT blends. Better performance of the ultraquenched PET/PBT blends is explained by their initial amorphous structure and amorphous miscibility.
Development and Characterisation of Composite Hydrophones
Authors: Tandon R.P. , Singh Ramadhar
Published: April 2023

Piezo components have been fabricated using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead titanate (PT) as filler materials in a passive chloroprene rubber matrix. The temperature dependence of the dielectric parameters of PT composites has been studied. Effect of poling temperature and poling field on piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) has also been examined in order to achieve optimum polarization. Three types of hydrophones were developed using solid PZT, PZT composite and PT composite. Their acoustic sensitivities have been presented over a frequency range 10–100 KHz. The hydrophone based on lead titanate composite exhibited the highest acoustic sensitivity (-202 dB re IV/mPa) which could find numerous applications in underwater acoustics.
The Role of Particle Strength and Filler Volume Fraction in the Fracture of Alumina Trihydrate Filled Epoxy Resins
Authors: Phipps M.A. , Pritchard G. , Abou-Torabi A.
Published: April 2023

The critical strain energy release rate, Glc, and the critical stress intensity factor or fracture toughness, Klc, of alumina trihydrate (ATH) filled epoxy resin have been determined as a function of filler volume fraction, using tapered double cantilever beam and single edge notch geometries respectively. GIc showed a maximum at a filler volume fraction of approximately 0.18. The fracture toughness increased linearly up to a filler volume fraction of 0.55. It is proposed that the predominant toughening mechanism depends on the volume fraction of filler and that ATH particles are strong enough for crack pinning to constitute the main toughening mechanism in the intermediate volume fraction region. At low volume fractions and with unstable crack propagation, crack blunting is also important. When the volume fraction is very high, ductile responses by the resin matrix are less easy and particle fracture becomes common, reducing the scope for crack pinning. The value of the breakaway parameter in the crack pinning model of Green was estimated in terms of the particle size.
The Effect of Internal Structural Changes on the Properties of Multi-Layer Fabrics for Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Hill B.J. , McIlhagger R. , Harper C.M.
Published: April 2023

This paper considers the factors involved in the weaving of interlinked multi-layer fabrics. It details the methods employed to form the interlinking structure in an integrated 4-layer reinforcement, why these particular methods were chosen and how the information can be used to produce similar interlinked reinforcements with different proportions of yarn in the through-the-thickness (Z) direction. Test results for the fabrics are enumerated.
Cellulose Thiocarbonate-Potassium Bromate Redox System-Initiated Graft Copolymerisation of Acrylic Esters on to Cotton Fabric
Authors: Waly A. , Hebeish A. , Zahran M.K. , El-Zairy M.R. , Rashad M.
Published: April 2023

Graft copolymerisation of 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate (EPMA) on to cotton-cellulose, in the fabric form, was carried out using a cellulose thiocarbonate-KBrO3 redox initiation system. Effects of the concentrations of KBrO3 (initiator) and monomer, the pH of polymerization medium, grafting time and temperature were studied. The results revealed that the graft yield increased with increasing EPMA concentration within the range studied (from 10% to 160%). The optimal grafting conditions for other factors consisted of: [KBrO3], 10 g/1; pH of polymerization medium, 2.5; grafting temperature, 40°C and grafting time, 40 min. with optimum material to liquor ratio 1:30. On the basis of its efficiency as an oil repellent compound 1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptyl methacrylate (PFHMA) was combined with EPMA, in various ratios to promote grafting onto the cotton fabric under the aforementioned optimal conditions. The oil-repellency of the EPMA/PFHMA grafted fabric was then examined. The oil repellency property was found to rely essentially on the percent PFHMA in the total graft obtained. Also reported is a tentative mechanism which copes with the results obtained.
Polymeric Coupling Agents as Properly Enhancers in Highly Filled Polymer Systems
Authors: Hausmann K. , Flaris V.
Published: April 2023

Unfilled polymers do not fulfill in many cases the specific end use requirements in terms of cost, stiffness, flame retardancy or other properties. Maleic anhydride grafted polymers have been evaluated as coupling agents in various polyolefm-filler systems such as ATH (Alumina trihydrate), calcium carbonate, glass and mica. Substantial increases in the elongation and impact strength properties can be achieved in highly filled blends using coupling agents.
Effects of Coupling Agent Concentration and Hygrothermal Ageing on the Fracture Behaviour of Glass Woven Fabric-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Laminates
Authors: Sham Man-Lung , Kim Jang-Kyo , Wu Jingshen
Published: April 2023

The Charpy impact test has been employed to study the fracture toughness and failure mechanisms of E-glass woven fabric reinforced vinyl ester matrix composites with five different types of fibre surface treatment. The results revealed significant dependency of the impact fracture toughness values on silane coupling agents and hygrothermal ageing. Failure mechanisms were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, and correlated with the measured fracture toughness, temperature and water absorption.
Anisotropic Optical Properties of Nylon 6-6 Fibres as a Function of Annealing and Quenching Processes
Authors: Fouda I.M. , Kabeel M.A. , El-Sharkawy F.M.
Published: April 2023

Changes in the structure of nylon 6-6 fibres after annealing and quenching in coarse grained ice at 160°C were studied interferometrically. The Pluta polarising interference microscope has been used to determine the mean refractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibres. The optical orientation function and the molecular structure of the annealed and quenched nylon 6-6 fibres were calculated. The density and the mechanical loss factor of the annealed and quenched fibres were measured by a system based on vibrating strings. The density results were used to calculate the degree of crystallinity. Relationships between the mean refractive indices, birefringence, isotropic refractive index and polarisabilities per unit volume at various times are given for these fibres. The behaviour of fibre density and the mechanical loss factor under different annealing and quenching conditions were discussed with different optical parameters. The results obtained clarify the effect of annealing and quenching conditions on the orientation function, orientation angle and other optical and mechanical parameters. The effect of the annealing conditions on the refractive index profile was studied. Illustrations are given using graphs and microinterferograms.
The Effect of Particle-Matrix Interfacial Conditions on the Compressive Elasticity of Epoxy Resins Filled with Untreated Hollow Glass Microspheres
Authors: Palumbo Michel , Tempesti Ezio
Published: April 2023

The Young's moduli of composites made up to 51.5% by volume of hollow glass spheres in an epoxy resin matrix have been measured. The data have been compared with the calculated elastic moduli of a composite where the filler particles act as holes (Sato-Furukawa model). The discrepancy arises from the neglect of particle-matrix interfacial effects.
Techniques for Pressure-Density-Temperature Measurements in Polymer Melts
Authors: Sombatsompop N. , Liolios K. , Jamel M.H. Mohd , Wood A.K.
Published: April 2023

The development and use of a novel design of apparatus for the evaluation of pressure-density-temperature relationships for molten polymers are presented in this paper. The experimental method allows the determination of the pressure-density-temperature characteristics at high pressure (up to 1000 Bar) and temperature (up to 250°C) as appropriate. The data generated are compared with direct measurements made on an injection moulding machine. Three-dimensional relationship plots between pressure, density and temperature of the molten polyethylene can be constructed.
Polymer Moulding Manufacturing Using Rapid Tooling
Authors: Smith G.F. , Tromans G.
Published: April 2023

An important factor in the design cycle of polymer moulded components is the ability to produce representative components for test. Rapid modelling and tooling has become an essential part of this programme, particularly since it enables significant design time compression. The computer modelled rapid prototype has provided design confidence by allowing it to be fitted, tested for functionality and analysed. Possibly more important, rapid tooling is established by using the models as patterns; this allows the production of a prototype in the correct shape and material. Rapid tooling methods for injection moulding enable manufacture in days rather than months.
Effect of Compatibilizer on the Crystallization Kinetics of Blends of Poly(butylene terephthalate) with a Liquid Crystalline Polyester
Authors: Zhu Xiaochuan , Shibata Mitsuhiro , Yosomiya Ryutoku
Published: April 2023

The effects of addition of 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5′-tetramethyldiphenyl ether (TM-BPL) on the isothermal crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties, and morphologies for the blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with a liquid crystalline copolymer based on p-hydroxybenzoate and ethylene terephthalate, known as Novaccurate E310 (E310), were studied. The flexural strength and modulus of the PBT/E310 blend increased approximately in accordance with the upper-bound composite equation. When TM-BPL (2 phr) was added to the PBT/E310 (80/20) blend as a reactive compatibilizer, the flexural strength and modulus somewhat increased. The crystallization rate of PBT from the melt blend decreased with increasing E310 content and was further depressed by the presence of TM-BPL. The Avrami exponent (n) was evaluated to be approximately 3 in both the binaryl and the ternary blends. The slight improvement in the mechanical properties and the depression of the crystallization of PBT by the addition of TM-BPL are thought to be caused by the chemical reaction of TM-BPL with PBT and/or E310.
Tensile Properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Filled with Precipitated Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinobu , Azuma Fumie , Iida Takeo
Published: April 2023

The tensile properties of poly(vinyl chloride) filled with precipitated calcium carbonate particles having two different mean sizes were studied. The particles were porous agglomerates of spherical primary particles. For this purpose, 10–50 parts of the particles were mixed with 100 parts of poly(vinyl chloride) and 3 parts of lead stearate using a mixing roll. The particle size decreased during the mixing process. The measured mean sizes in the resin were about 0.6 and 1.2 μm at filler contents of 10 phr. The tensile tests were carried out using dumbbell specimens. The yield stress decreased only slightly with filler content in the small particle-filled system, whereas it decreased considerably with an increase in filler content in the large particle-filled system. From a scanning electron microscopic observation of the specimen surfaces after test, the larger particles used in this study seemed to be more brittle, therefore, the particles tended to fracture when a stress was applied, and voids formed around them. These observations appear to explain the decrease in yield stress in the large particle-filled system, because the voids made the ductile polymer matrix yield around the particles.
Buckling Optimization of Unidirectional Composites with Graded Structures for Weight Reduction
Authors: Kang Tae Jin , Back Sung Ki
Published: April 2023

The buckling optimization of unidirectional square rod composites with a given geometry, subjected to uniaxial compression, has been studied in terms of fibre volume fraction and thickness factor, for discrete structures with fibre volume fraction gradients, using a sequential linear programming method. Graded structures have shown some advantages in the design of composites in terms of weight reduction. They have shown 12–18% reduction in total fibre volume and 8–12% reduction in weight of composites compared to conventional uniform homogeneous structures.
Photoluminescent Organometallic Complexes as Spectroscopic Probes of Aromatic Cyanate Ester Polymerization
Authors: Grant Jewel T. , Dunwoody Nicholas , Jakúbek Vladimír , Lees Alistair J.
Published: April 2023

The organometallic complex, fac-ClRe(CO)3(4,7-Ph2-phen), where 4,7-Ph2-phen is 4,7 diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, has been found to be luminescent and act as a spectroscopic probe in the polymerization of the aromatic cyanate ester monomer AroCy® L-10 and the related prepolymer AroCy® B-30. The photoluminescence arises from a low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state in the metal complex, and this emission band is centred at 580 nm in methylene chloride solution at 298 K. When the complex is incorporated in the cyanate ester resin its emission band appears as a weak feature at 580 nm. Following thermal cure of the cyanate ester film the emission band of the complex becomes greatly intensified and it is shifted to 565 nm. The chemical and spectroscopic features of this rhenium complex facilitate its use as a luminescent probe in the visible region for monitoring the polymerization of cyanate ester materials.
Compositions Based on Aromatic Block Copolyester and p-Butoxyphenyl Cyclohexyl Phosphinic Acid
Authors: Ozden S. , Shaov A.H. , Charayev A.M. , Bidanikov A.Y.
Published: April 2023

A stabiliser, p-butoxy cyclohexyl phosphinic acid was introduced into two industrial copolyesters, based on bisphenol A and phenolphthalein respectively, and the effects on their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The measurements were made immediately following the introduction of the stabiliser. The mechanical properties were sensitive to the amount of stabiliser. Ductility and breaking strength increased with small amounts of stabiliser, while the modulus of elasticity decreased. As the amount of stabiliser increased, the process was reversed. Similarly, thermal stability also increased with small concentrations and decreased at higher concentrations. Heat treatment increased the brittleness and reduced the breaking strength.
Influence of Composition on the Properties of BMI Neat Resins and BMI/T300 Composites
Authors: Zhang Baoyan , Li Ping , Chen Xiangbao
Published: April 2023

A typical bismaleimide (BMI) two-component system based on 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (MBMI)/O.O′-diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) was modified with bismaleimidodiphenyl ether of bisphenyl A (MEBMI), allyl-phenolic epoxy (AE) and thermoplastic modified polyetherketone(PEK-C). The influence of various modifying components on the properties of BMI neat resin and BMI/T300 composites were investigated. Results indicate that two BMI neat resin systems modified with AE and PEK-C and MEBMI, AE and PEK-C had outstanding impact strength (>18KJ/m2) and excellent heat resistance. BMI/T300 composites corresponding to the above modified BMI neat resin systems showed excellent toughness (CAI > 210MPa), outstanding mechanical properties, good processability and relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg). These novel toughened BMI resin systems are expected to find use in advanced composite materials.
Cure Characteristics and Vulcanizate Properties of Blends of a Rubber Compound and its Recycled DE-VULC
Authors: Ishiaku U.S. , Chong C.S. , Ismail H.
Published: April 2023

This investigation is part of an attempt to recycle the rubber powder generated as a waste during sand-polishing of rubber balls and artificial eggs. The rubber powder was devulcanized with a novel chemical mixture called De-Link R to yield DE-VULC. Subsequently, varying concentrations of the product were blended with the original rubber compound and the effects on the cure characteristics and vulcanizate properties of the blends were investigated. Contrary to expectation, the scorch time (t2) and the cure time (t90) fell drastically at lower concentrations but the values rose with increasing concentration in blends that were predominantly DE-VULC. The very large reduction in t2 and t90 with the addition of small quantities indicates that DE-VULC catalyses the crosslinking reaction of the control compound. The increasing values of t2 and t90 in the DE-VULC rich blends have been attributed to delayed action due to the decreased curatives concentration. An identical pattern shown by torque maximum and modulus with increasing concentration suggested that crosslink density increases with increasing DE-VULC content until it peaks at 50%. However, the opposite trend of continuously decreasing mechanical properties prompted the inference that two types of crosslinks may be involved: those inherited from the previous vulcanization, which act as fillers, and those resulting from the current vulcanization. The trend of the mechanical properties indicates that the concentration of the latter decreased continuously. However, with 30 - 50% addition, the physical and mechanical properties range from good to excellent, depending on the property of interest.
Graft Copolymerization of a Binary Mixture of Methyl-Acrylate and Acrylamide onto Polyamide Films by the Mutual Method
Authors: Kaur Inderjeet , Gupta Anupam , Marina Sister , Misra B.N. , Burman P.B.
Published: April 2023

Graft copolymerization onto polyamide-6,6 film has been studied by grafting a binary mixture of methyl acrylate and acrylamide using gamma rays from a 60Co source as initiator by the mutual method in an aqueous medium. The effect of total dose, concentration of monomer, and amount of water on the percentage grafting (Pg) has been determined. The effect of alcohols of varying chain length on the Pg of the binary mixture has been studied. They all decreased it. However, the mixed solvent system (H2O + alcohol) at certain compositions was found to enhance it. A plausible mechanism for the graft copolymerization of the binary mixture (methyl acrylate + acrylamide) onto polyamide film by the mutual method has been proposed.
Changes in Opto-Thermal Properties of PET Fibres during Annealing
Authors: Fouda I.M.
Published: April 2023

The changes in refractive indices and the birefringence of polyester (Egyptian PET) fibres with different annealing conditions were studied by interferometry. The polarizing interference microscope was used to determine the mean refractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibres. An acoustic method has been used to measure densities. The results are used to calculate structural parameters such as the form birefringence, virtual refractive index, harmonic mean polarizability of the dielectric, the number of molecules per unit volume, and the specific refractivity of the isotropic dielectric. Also, the number of monomer units per unit volume and the refractive indices of the fully oriented fibre, when using monochromatic light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis, were calculated and found to be 1.803 and 1.562. The effect of the annealing conditions on the refractive index was studied. The generalized Lorentz-Lorenz equation given by de Vries was used to determine PET fibre structural parameters. Comparisons between the Hermans optical orientation function formula and the corrected formula by de Vries are given.
The test of availability of medical treatment
Authors: Sarela Abeezar I
Published: April 2023

In Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board, the Supreme Court declared that patients are entitled to choose among all available treatments. But, who decides what is ‘available’? Doctors rely upon evidence-based medicine (EBM) – a complex epistemology that generates normative recommendations – for determining treatment availability. EBM is required to be applied through exercise of the treating doctor’s clinical judgement, which inescapably involves some value judgements. EBM attempts to accommodate patient values through shared decision-making (SDM). However, SDM remains contingent upon EBM for its starting points, and this contingency provokes a charge of epistemic injustice because it privileges the treating doctor’s judgement over conflicting views. Such a charge was implicit in Montgomery. The Court responded by adopting a strategy that retains reliance on clinical judgement, yet attempts to restrict the treating doctor’s privilege by admitting other professional views. This strategy permits the induction of a three-step test for availability of treatment, which is theoretically appealing but challenges the practical organisation of the medical profession.
The Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab as Adjuvant Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer in People Living With HIV: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study
Authors: Wu Menghua , Zheng Xin , Wang Xudong , Li Xuyu , Zhang Yu , Zhao Jimao
Published: April 2023

Background

People living with HIV (PLWH) have a worse prognosis than the general population. Locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) in PLWH has gradually been increasing in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve antitumor activity in the general population, but relevant data in PLWH are unknown. We thus evaluated the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab in PLWH with locally advanced or metastatic BCa.

Methods

This retrospective study included 24 patients with locally advanced or metastatic BCa, both HIV positive or negative who underwent tislelizumab treatment (200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks, Q3W) from the multi-centers between December 2019 and March 2022. Demographic details, clinical data, and cancer status were collected. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were recorded and evaluated.

Results

A total of 24 individuals were chosen for this study, 10 had HIV and the other 14 did not. The median OS in the HIV-negative group was 62.3 (95% CI, 52.6 to 72.2) was no longer than that of the PLWH group 41.9 (95% CI, 32.9 to 51.0) weeks (HR .7, [95% CI, .17 to 3.30], P = .70). Furthermore, the median PFS in the HIV-negative group was 50.0 (95% CI, 36.2 to 63.9) was also no longer than that of the PLWH group 35.9 (95% CI, 25.5 to 46.3) (HR, 1.34, [95% CI, .38 to 4.69], P = .63). Of 24 patients, treatment-related adverse events, grade 3 or 4 occurred in 2 in the PLWH group and 3 in the HIV-negative group.

Conclusion

This retrospective multi-center study suggested that tislelizumab may provide encouraging antitumor activity and could be generally well tolerated. In this retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced or metastatic BCa, it seems that PLWH may have similar overall and progression-free survival compared to HIV-negative cases.
U.S. Student Media Associations’ Mission Statements Provide Discursive Leadership in Support of Civic Culture
Authors: Vogts Todd R.
Published: April 2023

As political division and polarization continually increases in the United States, civic knowledge faces decline. Journalism education provides a potential remedy for these democracy-endangering harms by imparting valuable instruction regarding civics and the role of the media in society. However, with no standardization in the country, individual educators and school districts largely must develop their own curricula. Luckily, student media associations provide support and leadership to student media programs, which is articulated through their mission statements. Filling a gap in the existing research, this study conducted a thematic analysis and found discursive leadership within the mission statements of such associations.
Methodology in Motion: Reflections on Using Appnography for the Study of Dating Apps
Authors: Johnson Corey W. , Cousineau Luc S. , Filice Eric , Parry Diana C.
Published: April 2023

This article reflects upon and provides updates to appnography as a methodology for the study of dating digital app culture. Based on empirical fieldwork and in-depth nterviews with members of the research team, we re-assess and re-map appnography’s original five methodological considerations—digital versus “real,” profiles, space, place, and community, contextualization, and temporality—along two axes: design considerations and user considerations. We also add a third methodological axis, researcher considerations, to the methodological features of appnography and expound on its related concerns of participant recruitment and technological familiarity. With this reformulation, we believe appnography offers an even more robust means of bridging the ethnographic and the technological in qualitative research on apps and their use.
Axisymmetric contact problem of piezoelectric coating-substrate system with functionally graded piezoelectric interfacial layer
Authors: Zang Weiyu , Liu Tie-Jun
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the electromechanical response of piezoelectric coating-functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) interfacial layer–piezoelectric substrate system under the rigid spherical punch is considered. It is assumed that the piezoelectric coating and piezoelectric substrate are connected by the FGP interfacial layer which is simulated by a multi-layer model. The axisymmetric frictionless contact problem of piezoelectric coating–substrate system with FGP interfacial layer is formulated in terms of singular integral equation with the method of transfer matrix and Hankel integral transform technique. The effect of the gradient of material properties on the stress components and electric displacement components in piezoelectric coating–substrate system is gained by solving the equation numerically. The present results could serve as a useful reference for the design of piezoelectric coating–substrate system.
Changes in corneal biomechanical parameters in keratoconus eyes with various severities after corneal cross-linking (CXL): A comparative study
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Kangari Haleh , Moradi Azar , Akbarzadeh Reyhaneh , Naroo Shehzad A
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To compare changes in corneal biomechanical parameters one year after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus (KCN) eyes of different severities.

Methods

Seventy-five eyes with mild, moderate, and severe grades of KCN (n = 24, 31, and 20 eyes, respectively) that were treated with CXL, based upon the standard Dresden protocol, were included. The corneal biomechanical assessment was performed using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Changes in Corvis's dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters and ORA's derived parameters (corneal hysteresis (CH), and corneal resistance factor (CRF)) were assessed whilst the corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were considered as covariates.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the corneal biomechanical parameters obtained using both devices after surgery separately in different KCN grades, except for the deformation amplitude (DA) in the severe KCN group (P = 0.017). Changes in the classic parameters of the highest concavity phase of Corvis ST (peak distance, radius, and DA) were more positive and in the newer parameters (integrated inverse radius (IIR), deformation amplitude ratio (DAR)) more negative in the severe group compared to the other groups. Also, the mean change in CH (P = 0.710), and CRF (P = 0.565), showed a negative shift in higher grades of KCN; however, there was no significant difference in the mean changes of all parameters between different groups. (P > 0.05)

Conclusions

Similar changes in the Corvis ST and ORA parameters in mild, moderate, and severe KCN indicate biomechanical stability and the effective role of CXL in stopping the progressive nature of keratoconus in eyes of varying severities one year after CXL.
Phased strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia
Authors: Franco Elena , Mancioppi Silvia , Forini Elena , Franco Maria , Franco Filippo
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of phased strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia, with intraoperative comparison of ocular alignment in supine and seated positions.

Methods

This retrospective clinical investigation analyzed the data of patients who underwent phased strabismus surgery with fixed sutures under topical anesthesia. The technique consisted of 2 phases, spaced out with an intraoperative alternate prism cover test (performed in supine and seated positions): (1) surgery on one or two muscles, as defined by a preoperative surgical plan; (2) if judged necessary, a further one-muscle surgery. Surgical success was defined as a residual angle of horizontal and vertical deviation ≤±8 Δ and ≤5 Δ, respectively, and the presence of single binocular vision in primary position in patients with preoperative diplopia. Follow-up visits were scheduled 1 day, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery.

Results

The review identified 38 patients (age range: 10–80 years). Surgery was well tolerated by all patients. Twelve (32%) required a second phase. No statistically significant differences were found for intraoperative angles of deviation in supine and seated positions. Surgical success was reached, respectively, in 88% and 87% of cases with horizontal and vertical deviation 6 months after surgery. No patients were reoperated during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

Phased strabismus surgery is a feasible technique for various types of strabismus in adults and children. Secondly, intraoperative evaluation of ocular alignment can be performed either with the patient seated or supine, with the same accuracy in terms of surgical success.
Quantifying the Contributions of Environmental Factors to Prostate Cancer and Detecting Risk-Related Diet Metrics and Racial Disparities
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Kun
Published: April 2023

The relevance of nongenetic factors to prostate cancer (PCa) has been elusive. We aimed to quantify the contributions of environmental factors to PCa and identify risk-related diet metrics and relevant racial disparities. We performed a unique analysis of the Diet History Questionnaire data of 41 830 European Americans (EAs) and 1282 African Americans (AAs) in the PLCO project. The independent variables in the regression models consisted of age at trial entry, race, family history of prostate cancer (PCa-fh), diabetes history, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle (smoking and coffee consumption), marital status, and a specific nutrient/food factor (X). P < .05 and a 95% confidence interval excluding zero were adopted as the criteria for determining a significant difference (effect). We established a priority ranking among PCa risk-related genetic and environmental factors according to the deviances explained by them in the multivariate Cox-PH regression analysis: age > PCa-fh > diabetes ⩾ race > lifestyle ⩾marital-status ⩾BMI > X. We confirmed previous studies showing that (1) high protein and saturated fat levels in diet were related to increased PCa risk, (2) high-level supplementary selenium intake was harmful rather than beneficial for preventing PCa, and (3) supplementary vitamin B6 was beneficial for preventing benign PCa. We obtained the following novel findings: high-level organ meat intake was an independent predictor for increased aggressive PCa risk; supplementary iron, copper and magnesium increased benign PCa risk; and the AA diet was “healthy” in terms of the relatively lower protein and fat levels and was “unhealthy” in that it more commonly contained organ meat. In conclusion, we established a priority ranking among the contributing factors for PCa and identified several risk-related diet metrics and the racial disparities. Our findings suggested some new approaches to prevent PCa such as restriction of organ meat intake and supplementary microminerals.
Do neutral hearts make the world go around? A eudaemonic turn in business curricula
Authors: Pio Edwina , Merelo Guillermo
Published: April 2023

What does it take for business schools to reconnect with new cohorts of students and their societal expectations? One of the myriad barriers that universities face when addressing such a conundrum is widely given by a hidden – in plain sight – part of the educational curriculum: the principle of secularism adopted decades ago as a precondition of Western modernisation. We do not argue in favour of the adoption of religious forms of education or the design of religious-oriented curricula. Our argument is that within religious philosophies lies a rich inventory of knowledge that connects with millions of religious and non-religious people who are members of a diverse range of societies, organisations and businesses. We propose that a better integrated approach to business students’ development could draw from more human-centred methods of pedagogical design to which the concept of eudaemonia – what motivates people’s hearts and minds – is closely connected. This is particularly salient if we consider the enormous influence that business programmes have globally. This article contributes to the extant literature on business education and management learning by establishing clearer links and theoretical reflections between myriad scholarships concerned with addressing business schools’ connections with new cohorts of students in increasingly diverse societies.
An unusual case of erythema multiforme presenting to an orthodontic department: A case report
Authors: Monaghan Liam , Dugdale Charlotte
Published: April 2023

A 16-year-old female patient presented to the orthodontic department with a 2-week history of painful oral lesions that were affecting her ability to eat. Clinical examination revealed widespread oral ulceration, crusted bleeding from the lips with evidence of a herpes simplex infection in the region of the right buccal commissure. A diagnosis of oral erythema multiforme (EM) was made after a detailed clinical history and examination by the oral and maxillofacial team. Supportive care was provided alongside management with topical corticosteroids. Within 6 weeks of initial presentation, complete resolution of the lesions had occurred and the patient was able to resume active orthodontic treatment.
Robotics in Interventional Radiology: Review of Current and Future Applications
Authors: Lanza Carolina , Carriero Serena , Buijs Elvira Francisca Maria , Mortellaro Sveva , Pizzi Caterina , Sciacqua Lucilla Violetta , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Angileri Salvatore Alessio , Ianniello Andrea Antonio , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: April 2023

This review is a brief overview of the current status and the potential role of robotics in interventional radiology. Literature published in the last decades, with an emphasis on the last 5 years, was reviewed and the technical developments in robotics and navigational systems using CT-, MR- and US-image guidance were analyzed. Potential benefits and disadvantages of their current and future use were evaluated. The role of fusion imaging modalities and artificial intelligence was analyzed in both percutaneous and endovascular procedures. A few hundred articles describing results of single or several systems were included in our analysis.
Assessing knowledge of end-stage kidney disease and treatment options in hospitalized African American patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: King Akilah , Tanumihardjo Jacob , Ahn Daniel , Zasadzinski Lindsay , Robinson Eric , Quinn Michael , Peek Monica , Saunders Milda
Published: April 2023

Objective

African Americans are more likely to develop end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) than whites and face multiple inequities regarding ESKD treatment, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and overall care. This study focused on determining gaps in participants’ knowledge of their chronic kidney disease and barriers to RRT selection in an effort to identify how we can improve health care interventions and health outcomes among this population.

Methods

African American participants undergoing hemodialysis were recruited from an ongoing research study of hospitalized patients at an urban Midwest academic medical center. Thirty-three patients were interviewed, and the transcribed interviews were entered into a software program. The qualitative data were coded using template analysis to analyze text and determine key themes. Medical records were used to obtain demographic and additional medical information.

Results

Three major themes emerged from the analysis: patients have limited information on ESKD causes and treatments, patients did not feel they played an active role in selecting their initial dialysis unit, and interpersonal interactions with the dialysis staff play a large role in overall unit satisfaction.

Discussion

Although more research is needed, this study provides information and suggestions to improve future interventions and care quality, specifically for this population.
Effects of whole-body vibration exercise on sleep disorders, body composition and clinical parameters in down syndrome children: A study protocol for a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Torres-Nunes Luiza , Paineiras-Domingos Laisa Liane , Batouli-Santos Daniel , Coelho-Oliveira Ana Carolina , Melo-Oliveira Maria Eduarda de Souza , Seixas Adérito , Sá-Caputo Danúbia da Cunha , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: April 2023

Down-syndrome (DS) the most common genetic disorder worldwide. Whole-body-vibration-exercise (WBVE) has been recommended for individuals with DS. To verify the efficacy of WBVE on sleep disorders, body-composition (BC) and clinical parameters of children with DS. It is a randomized cross-over-trial. Children with DS, 5-12 years, both-genders will be selected. The sleep disorders will be evaluated by the “Infant sleep questionnaire Reimão and Lefevre” and by the “Sleep disturbance scale in children”. The BC will be measure by bioimpedance and the skin temperature using infrared-thermography. WBVE will be performed seating in an ancillary-chair or sitting on the base of the vibrating platform, with 2.5 mm, 5Hz. Each session (5 series, 30-seconds on vibration, 1-minute of rest). It is expected improvement responses on sleep, BC and some clinical parameters. It is expected that this WBVE protocol will bring important clinical contributions for children with DS.
Considering perceptual experiences and adaptive actions in performance analysis of elite Formula Kite riders by combining qualitative data and measured key indicators of performance
Authors: Terrien Eric , Huet Benoît , Iachkine Paul , Saury Jacques
Published: April 2023

Formula Kite is a high-speed sailing sport using hydrofoils, recently included in the Olympic sports list. In Formula Kite, the riders’ technical abilities to reach and maintain high speed are key to achieving performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze Formula Kite riders’ performance during speed tests in practice sessions by combining qualitative descriptions of their lived perceptual experiences “from the inside” with measured correlates of performance. The courses of experience of four expert Formula Kite riders’ speed tests were analyzed, compared, and discussed in relation to their measured Velocity Made Good. Results of the qualitative analyses provide original insight into the fine technical adaptations of the riders in their pursuit of performance. Furthermore, the comparison between the evaluated performance using speed measurements and the perceived performance assessed by the qualitative analysis shows interindividual differences as well as inconsistencies between the two modes of analysis. Based on these results, the present study opens practical perspectives for improving training practices, consisting in “calibrating” the sailors’ perceived performance with measured performance.
Designing small-sided games for counter-attack training in youth soccer
Authors: Rochael Marcelo , Praça Gibson Moreira
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to test different designs of counter-attacking training on tactical behaviour by manipulating the number of players and time pressure (limitation on the duration of the players’ offensive action). Specifically, we compared the influence of time pressure and numerical superiority (through an additional player) on the players’ performance and tactical behaviour in small-sided games (SSGs). Forty under-17 soccer athletes participated in the study. The athletes performed 4 SSGs in the following configurations: numerical equality and time pressure (GR-4  ×  4-GR – TP); numerical equality and no time pressure (GR-4  ×  4-GR – NTP); numerical superiority and time pressure (GR-5  ×  4-GR – TP) and numerical superiority and no time pressure (GR-5  ×  4-GR – NTP). Tactical performance was evaluated using the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET), and tactical behaviour using positional data measured by the Global Positioning System. The statistical analysis was performed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. There was a better tactical performance in decision-making (0.669  ±  0.135, p  =  .02 and r  =  .27) and execution (0.602  ±  0.134, p  =  .002 and r  =  .44) of technical-tactical actions in the SSG without the time pressure rule. Furthermore, the space exploration index showed lower values (5.634  ±  0.604, p  =  .007 and r  =  .32) in games with time pressure than in games without this rule, and there were no significant differences for player length and width behaviour between protocols. It is concluded that the time pressure rule reduces the exploratory behaviour of the players. Understanding these effects allows coaches to plan better training sessions that address the contents of counter-attacks in SSG.
Structural and electrical properties of cashew gum thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Erouel Mohsen , Saadi Meriem , Tall Abdoulaye , Tiss Belgacem , Seck Mané , Diallo Abdou Karim , Ly El Hadji Babacar , Kobor Diouma , Bouguila Noureddine , Khirouni Kamel
Published: April 2023

Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources became the center of public interest by virtue of their environmental and commercial advantages. Natural polymers such as starch, almond gum, chitosan and arabic gum were investigated to get fully or partially biodegradable dielectric material. Thus, in this article we study the material properties of cashew gum. This biopolymer is an exudate collected from occidental anacardium tree. For this investigation, scanning electron microscopy of powder and thin film cashew gum showed homogenous and slightly rough surface morphology with visible wrinkles. The thermal analyses such as thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter were realized. thermogravimetric thermogram shows two distinct stages of decomposition. The first around 150°C is attributed to moisture evaporation with loss in weight of 9.7%. The second transition, between 255°C and 330°C, is related to the decomposition of cashew gum with loss in weight of 50%. UV-visible spectra of the cashew gum thin film show a low absorbance and high transmittance. For this material, we obtained a direct optical band gap around 4.56 eV. In addition, the dielectric and electrical characterizations lead to conclude that cashew gum may be interesting for transistor applications as a gate dielectric.
Practices of Sustainable Human Resource Management in Three Finnish Companies: Comparative Case Study
Authors: Järlström Maria , Saru Essi , Pekkarinen Aino
Published: April 2023

Despite an increase in research on sustainable human resource management (HRM) and its practice, this relatively new research approach still lacks unified concepts and practices. We argue that more qualitative research is needed to discover the practical relevance of sustainability thinking in HRM. In this comparative case study of three Finnish companies, we aim to increase the understanding of this phenomenon by using a practice-based model of sustainable HRM as a theoretical foundation. We investigate why and how the companies implement sustainable HRM and what kinds of results they have achieved. We identify not only similarities but also differences among the companies. Therefore, our study contributes to the practice-based model of sustainable HRM by presenting the outcomes of the implemented HRM practices, as well as the importance of contextual issues. Our study enriches the sustainable HRM discussion by stressing the organizational context, content and process elements, thereby indirectly lending support to the ‘soft’ HRM model, which is more developmental and employee oriented. The results support the idea that the employer, society and employees can benefit from sustainable HRM in the long term. The positive outcomes of sustainable HRM include employee wellbeing related issues, such as long careers, low turnover, low absence rate and late retirements.
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Success in a Conflict-affected Region: Investigating the Role of Select Entrepreneurial Competencies and Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Success in Kashmir
Authors: Shah Mohd Shiob , Lala Mohammad Farooq
Published: April 2023

Entrepreneurship is not only limited to the stable contexts; rather it exists in conflict zones as well. The current study presents empirical findings from a conflict-affected region Kashmir. We specifically investigated the role of select entrepreneurial competencies including opportunity, commitment, and organizing competencies and environmental factors which include entrepreneurial finance and government policies on entrepreneurial success. We found that entrepreneurial competencies and environmental factors had a direct, positive, and significant impact on entrepreneurial success in a conflict zone Kashmir. The analysis of the data also revealed that the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success was moderated by government policies. The study is a response to the call of multiple authors for providing empirical evidences from conflict-zones. This study provides evidence for multiple stakeholders including entrepreneurs, governments, and entrepreneurship development institutes to focus on the competencies and policies so that the entrepreneurs may benefit in the long run. The study is significant because findings of this research can be extended to many areas, especially for business and entrepreneurship to survive in places undergoing conflict and strife over long years where sustenance and livelihood due to lack of stability is a continued challenge.