bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Trends of Extra-Tropical Cyclones in the Extended ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Karwat Alexia , Franzke Christian L. E. , Blender Richard
Published: December 2021

Long-term reanalysis data sets are needed to determine the natural variability of extra-tropical cyclone tracks and for the assessment of the response to global warming. Using a systematic change-point analysis we provide evidence that the pre-satellite ERA5 data of the Backward Extension (ERA5-BE, covering 1950-1978) is highly compatible with the standard ERA5 (1979-2021) data sets. We observe that the joint ERA5 data from 1950 to 2021 is consistent in all storm-related quantities, allowing long-term studies. Despite the high inter-annual variability, a trend analysis suggests that the intensity of extra-tropical cyclones has increased significantly in the Northern Hemisphere from 1950 to 2021. The propagation speed of extra-tropical cyclones has notably decreased and the North Atlantic cyclone track, in particular, has shifted northward. Furthermore, the number of North Pacific storms increased significantly; these storms exhibit longer life cycles and travel larger distances, while they also grow more slowly. From 1979 to 2021 we find increases in wind gusts and cyclone-related precipitation. The central geopotential height, a measure for storminess, has decreased in both storm track areas. The observed changes originating from potential changes in the atmospheric circulation are the result of natural variability and anthropogenic global warming. Future storm adaptation planning should consider the observed increase in storm-related impacts.
Eiskeim-Seeding in Mischphasenwolken im Winter
Authors: Villanueva Diego
Published: December 2021

Cloud-Geoengineering-Ansätze, wie die Aufhellung von Meereswolken und die Ausdünnung von Zirruswolken, zielen durch die Injektion von Aerosolen in Wasser- und Zirruswolken darauf ab, die globale Erderwärmung zu verlangsamen.
Einige, als Eiskeime bezeichneter Aerosole können eine sehr effiziente Vereisung in Mischphasenwolken auslösen und dadurch deren Albedo reduzieren.
Wir zeigen, dass diese Mischphasenwolkenvereisung in Abhängigkeit des Zeitpunkts und der Intensität des Seedings entweder zu einer extremen Klimaerwärmung oder einer milden Abkühlung über dem Arktischen Ozean und dem Südlichen Ozean führen könnte. Mithilfe eines Klimamodells stellen wir fest, dass nur ein Bruchteil des gefrorenen Wolkenwassergehalts nach der durch Seeding verursachten Wolkenvereisung in der Atmosphäre verbleibt, während der Rest durch die Bildung von Niederschlag und Eisvirga aufgebraucht wird. Diese Reduktion des Wolkenwassers verringert zusammen mit der Wolkenphasenänderung das Reflexionsvermögen einfallender Sonnenstrahlung und den terrestrischen Wärmeeinfang. Unter den meisten Bedingungen führt dies in den mittleren und hohen Breiten zu einem Netto-Erwärmungseffekt.
Das Eiskeim-Seeding in Monaten mit geringer Sonnenscheindauer führt zu einem starken Nettokühleffekt über dem Arktischen Ozean und dem Südlichen Ozean. Diese Kühlwirkung ist maximal, wenn das Seeding so angepasst wird, dass sie 1% der Tröpfchenanzahlkonzentration der Wolken entspricht.
Wir stellen fest, dass das kontrolliertes Seeding von Eiskeimen auf Mischphasenwolken in Winter im Vergleich zu anderen Cloud-Geoengineering-Methoden mehrere Vorteile bietet: 1) Eine geringere Anzahl von Aerosolen wäre erforderlich, 2) Es lässt sich gut mit der Aufhellung mariner Wolken kombinieren und 3) An den Polen könnte der potenzielle Kühleffekt die positive Eis-Albedo-Klimarückkopplung ausgleichen.
Peering into the internal structure of cold pools and their interactions with a dense observational network
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Seo Jaemyeong , Nevermann Hannes , Kirsch Bastian , Shokri Nima , Ament Felix
Published: December 2021

Melting and evaporation of hydrometeors in and below convective clouds generates cold, dense air that falls through the atmospheric column and spreads at the surface like a density current, the cold pool. In modelling studies, the importance of cold pools in controlling the lifecycle of convection has often been emphasized, being through their organization of the cloud field or through their sheer deepening of the convection. Larger, longer-lived cold pools benefit convection, but little is actually known on the size and internal structure of cold pools from observations as the majority of cold pools are too small to be captured by the operational surface network.  One aim of the field campaign FESSTVaL was to peer into the internal structure of cold pools and their interactions with the underlying land surface by deploying a dense network of surface observations. This network consisted of 80 self-designed cold pool loggers, 19 weather stations and 83 soil sensors deployed in an area of 15 km around Lindenberg. FESSTVaL took place from 17 May to 27 August 2021.

In principle, cold pool characteristics are affected both by the atmospheric state, which fuels cold pools through melting and evaporation of hydrometeors, and the land surface, which acts to destroy cold pools through friction and warming by surface fluxes. In this talk, the measurements collected during FESSTVaL will be used to shed light on these interactions.  We are particularly interested to assess how homogeneous the internal structure of cold pools is and whether heterogeneities of the land surface imprint themselves on this internal structure. The results will be compared to available model simulations.
Assimilation von bodengebundenen Profiler-Messungen der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht
Authors: Vural Jasmin , Merker Claire , Löffler Moritz , Knist Christine , Schomburg Annika
Published: December 2021

Die Kenntnis des Zustandes der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht (ABL) ist für die Verbesserung der numerischen Wettervorhersage von großer Bedeutung. Dennoch ist die ABL bislang nicht ausreichend vermessen, was durch einen systematischen Mangel an Beobachtungen wie z.B. Wind-, Temperatur- und Feuchteprofilen in diesem Bereich bedingt ist. Um sowohl den Raum zwischen Boden- und Satellitenmessungen abzudecken als auch die zeitliche Kontinuität im Vergleich zu Radiosonden- und Flugzeugmessungen zu erhöhen, werden im Rahmen des DWD-Projektes „Pilotstation“ verschiedene bodengebundene Fernerkundungsmessgeräte evaluiert, welche die untere Atmosphäre im Profil vermessen.

Das Mikrowellenradiometer (MWR) ist das erste der Messgeräte, das in das ICON/KENDA-System am DWD assimiliert wird. Um die ICON-Modellprofile in den Beobachtungsraum (Strahlungstemperatur Tb) zu transformieren, wenden wir als Vorwärtsoperator das Strahlungstransportmodell RTTOV-gb an. Die Sensitivitätsfunktionen für die vertikale Lokalisierung der einzelnen Kanäle werden ebenfalls von RTTOV-gb berechnet. Als Ausgangspunkt für eine dynamische Biaskorrektur haben wir über einen längeren Zeitraum die systematische Abweichung zwischen Beobachtungen und Modell bestimmt und dabei festgestellt, dass die transparenten V-Band-Kanäle besonders starke systematische Abweichungen aufweisen. Die richtige Einstellung des Assimilationssystems ist relativ herausfordernd, insbesondere, da die Kreuzkorrelationen der Beobachtungsfehler der Kanäle untereinander vom System nicht richtig berücksichtigt werden können. Die Upper-Air-Verifikation zeigt jedoch, dass die MWR-Messungen eine positive Auswirkung auf die Vorhersage haben können.

Wir stellen verschiedene Assimilationsexperimente vor und diskutieren den Einfluss der Tuningparameter auf die Ergebnisse. Zusätzlich präsentieren wir erste Ergebnisse der Assimilation von Doppler-Lidar-Winden. Da hier kein komplexer Vorwärtsoperator nötig ist, können die Messwerte im Gegensatz zum MWR direkt ins Assimilationssystem eingespeist werden.
Das Regionale Klimainformationssystem für Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen (ReKIS)
Authors: Röper Christiane , Eichhorn Marcus , Geißler Christoph , Struve Stefan
Published: December 2021

Das „Regionale Klimainformationssystem für Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen“ (ReKIS) ist ein deutschlandweit einmaliges Klima-Informationsportal. ReKIS nahm seinen Routinebetrieb 2012 auf. Das Angebot bietet von Klima- und Wetterdaten aller Wetterstationen im Gebiet der drei Bundesländer über generierte Rasterdaten der Beobachtungs- und Klimadaten der verschiedensten Klimasimulationen und –projektionen bis hin zu Klimawandelanpassungsoptionen eine breite Palette an Informationen an. Diese Informationen können im Informationsportal je nach Bedarf individuell angepasst und kostenlos heruntergeladen werden. Außerdem werden für die breite Öffentlichkeit interaktive Karten und Grafiken zu allen klimarelevanten Themen bereitgestellt. Seit 2021 stehen für jede einzelne Kommune der jeweiligen Bundesländer sogenannte Klimasteckbriefe zur Verfügung. Die Klimasteckbriefe enthalten die wichtigsten Fakten zu Temperatur und Niederschlag bis ins Jahr 2100 auf Basis des RCP8.5, zugeschnitten auf die Kommunen mit kurzen prägnanten Vorschlägen für Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel. Die Klimasteckbriefe sollen somit die Kommunen bei der Klimaanpassung unterstützen. Die Ergebnisse in den Klimasteckbriefen verwenden ein bereits bestehendes Ensemble, das als ein für Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen repräsentatives Kernensemble aus dem „ReKliEs-De“-Referenzensemble ausgewählt wurde. Dabei bleibt, bei Reduzierung der Modellläufe, die Bandbreite des Referenzensembles in den Klimaparametern unter Berücksichtigung der für Mittel- und Ostdeutschland typischen Klimaparameter erhalten. Das so entstandene Kernensemble für Mitteldeutschland bekam den Namen Mitteldeutsches Kernensemble (MDK). 
Klimamodellauswertung für Sachsen-Anhalt im Zeitraum 1961-2100
Authors: Röper Christiane , Eichhorn Marcus , Geißler Christoph
Published: December 2021

Die kürzlich abgeschlossene „Klimamodellauswertung für Sachsen-Anhalt für den Zeitraum von 1961-2100 schließt sowohl die Referenzperiode der Beobachtungen von 1961-1990 als auch die Klimasimulationen des RCP2.6 und RCP8.5 bis zum Jahr 2100 für das Bundesland Sachsen-Anhalt ein. Für die Untersuchung wurde ein bestehendes Ensemble verwendet, das als ein für Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen repräsentatives Kernensemble aus dem „ReKliEs-De“-Referenzensemble ausgewählt wurde. Dabei bleibt, bei Reduzierung der Modellläufe, die Bandbreite des Referenzensembles in den für Mittel- und Ostdeutschland typischen Klimaparametern erhalten. Das so entstandene Kernensemble für Mitteldeutschland bekam den Namen Mitteldeutsches Kernensemble (MDK). Darüber hinaus wird das Bundesland in sechs geographisch ähnliche Flächengebiete unterteilt, die gesondert auf die kommenden Klimaänderungen untersucht werden. Diese Art der Auswertung von Klimaprojektionen und die Fülle der untersuchten Parameter sind einzigartig für Sachsen-Anhalt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Klimaänderungen bis Mitte des Jahrhunderts in beiden Szenarien, egal ob mit oder ohne globalen Klimaschutz, sehr ähnlich verlaufen und erst im Zeitraum nach 2050 auseinanderlaufen. Während das RCP2.6 ab 2050 konstante Klimaverhältnisse simuliert, welche etwa 1,6 K über der Referenzperiode 1961-1990 liegen, nimmt die Erwärmung im RCP8.5 immer schneller zu. Dabei könnte die Mitteltemperatur in Sachsen-Anhalt um 4,2 K ansteigen. Außerdem ist mit einer leichten Zunahme des Jahresniederschlags zu rechnen, die sich insbesondere nach RCP8.5 aus einer Zunahme im Winterhalbjahr speist, während im Sommer mit einem Rückgang des Niederschlags zu rechnen ist. Starkniederschläge nehmen anhand der Auswertung zwar nicht an Häufigkeit zu, aber wahrscheinlich an Intensität. Die Ergebnisse sollen in den kommenden Jahren als Grundlage zur Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Klimaanpassung auf kommunaler und Landes-Ebene dienen.
Beobachung des troposphärischen NO2 Tagesgangs über Asien mit dem GEMS Satelliteninstrument
Authors: Richter Andreas , Lange Kezia , Latsch Miriam , Behrens Lisa , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: December 2021

Luftverschmutzung durch Stickoxide ist in industrialisierten Gebieten ein wichtiges Problem da sie direkte negative Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit haben und indirekt an der Entstehung weiterer Luftschadstoffe wie Ozon und Partikeln beteiligt sind. Während die Emission von Stickoxiden meist in der Form von NO erfolgt, bildet sich in der Atmosphäre rasch ein Gleichgewicht zwischen NO2 und NO. Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) kann aufgrund seines strukturierten Absorptionsspektrums in der Atmosphäre mit spektroskopischen Methoden nachgewiesen und quantifiziert werden. Dies ist insbesondere auch von Satelliteninstrumenten wie GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI und TROPOMI möglich, wodurch globale Karten der NO2-Verschmutzung erstellt werden können.

Ein Nachteil bisheriger Satellitenmessungen ist die geringe zeitliche Auflösung von meist nur einer Messung pro Tag. Dies lässt sich durch den Einsatz von geostationären Satelliten verbessern, die für ein begrenztes Gebiet mehrere Messungen pro Tag erlauben. Solche Messungen sollen in Zukunft über Europa mit dem Sentinel-4-Instrument erfolgen und über Nordamerika mit dem TEMPO-Instrument. Über Asien sind solche Messungen vom Koreanischen Satelliten GEMS bereits verfügbar und erlauben einen ersten Einblick in das Potential geostationärer NO2-Messungen.

In diesem Beitrag wird das am IUP-Bremen entwickelte NO2-Produkt für GEMS vorgestellt, die Genauigkeit der abgeleiteten Säulen untersucht und die aus den schon verfügbaren Daten bestimmte räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität diskutiert. Neben den Ergebnissen über Asien wird auch ein Ausblick auf die zu erwartenden Sentinel-4 Messungen über Europa gegeben.

 

 
Executable books make campaign data tangible
Authors: Mieslinger Theresa , Radtke Jule , Kölling Tobias
Published: December 2021

Large field campaigns dedicated to study the earth system are run by large groups of people from many research institutions that are scattered around the globe. That way, it is possible to create a great wealth of original datasets, thoroughly quantifying the state of a specific region in space and time on our planet. All collected data is potentially very useful for model validation, process studies, teaching and more. But while researchers way beyond those participating at the field campaign might be interested in the data, even those participating are often faced by difficulties to discover, access and use the data.

To tackle these challenges in the context of the EUREC4A field campaign, we started the „How to EUREC4A“ executable book project. It is an openly accessible online book, written collaboratively by participants from the field campaign and the broader community around. The book contains explanations about the available instruments, data and typical usage patterns. The book is also an executable book, which means that each of the chapters contain explanatory text, code and figures that can be modified by readers, either on their own computer or without any prior setup using an online service called „binder“. Thus, the book also forms a collection of data quicklooks and is an interactive plotting software at the same time.

On first sight, the book might seem to be just yet another shiny user interface, similar to other data catalogs. But due to the way it is made, it really becomes the hub of a larger ecosystem. In order to make the book executable by everyone, data must be openly accessible and understandable to everyone, thus the book fosters the creation and maintenance of a comprehensive data catalog and the publication of datasets in an analysis friendly way. Every time the book is executed, we can test if the data is still accessible and still compatible. Furthermore, making beautiful and understandable usage examples for your dataset makes your data visible to a broader community, feels rewarding and motivates others to do the same. As the book lives due to motivated contributors, this creates a positive feedback loop to enlarge the collection of accessible and understandable data.
Internal gravity wave detection in high-resolution model data
Authors: Procházková Zuzana , Kruse Christopher , Kuchař Aleš , Pišoft Petr , Šácha Petr
Published: December 2021

Internal gravity waves (GWs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, affecting momentum and energy budgets. However, our understanding of GW effects is still incomplete. As they act on various spatial and temporal scales, global observations of GWs face several difficulties and their parametrizations in climate models employ numerous simplifications and are only poorly constrained. Also, GW analyses in high-resolution datasets contain some uncertainty that we aim to quantify and minimize in our research. We study the uncertainty for a Gaussian high-pass filter method applied on a WRF simulation with horizontal resolution of 3 km covering a domain around the Drake Passage and ranging up to the altitude of 80 km. We show that the momentum flux and drag estimates evaluated by the filtering method are sensitive to the value of a cut-off parameter, especially the horizontal drag components. This motivates us to formulate a new, modified filtering method for GW detection that sets an optimal value of the cut-off parameter at each step based on the spectral information – the method uses a wavelength identified in the horizontal spectrum of kinetic energy. Finally, we note that the type of a response function in the high-pass filter definition also impacts the resulting estimates.
Multistatic meteor radar observations to assess the spatial variability of mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds using a 3DVAR+div tomographic retrieval to measure spatially resolved 3D winds 
Authors: Stober Gunter , Kozlovsky Alexander , Liu Alan , Qiao Zishun , Tsutsumi Masaki , Hall Chris , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Espy Patrick , Hibbions Robbert , Mitchell Nicholas
Published: December 2021

The middle atmospheric circulation is driven by atmospheric waves, which carry energy and momentum from their source to the area of their dissipation and thus providing an energetic coupling between different atmospheric layers. A comprehensive understanding of the wave-wave or wave-mean flow interactions often requires a spatial characterization of these waves. Multistatic meteor radar observations provide an opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds on regional scales. We apply the 3DVAR+div retrievals to observations from the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and the Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars (CONDOR). Here we present preliminary results of a new 3DVAR+div retrieval to infer the vertical wind variability using spatially resolved observations. The new retrieval includes the continuity equation in the forward model to ensure physical consistency in the vertical winds. Our preliminary results indicate that the vertical wind variability is about +/-2m/s. The 3DVAR+div algorithm provides spatially resolved winds resolves body forces of breaking gravity waves, which are typically indicated by two counterrotating vortices. Furthermore, we infer horizontal wavelength spectra for all 3 wind components to obtain spectral slopes indicating a transition of the vertical to the divergent mode at scales of about 80-120 km at the mesosphere.
The pencil eraser swab technique to quantify Cutibacterium acnes on shoulder skin
Authors: Scheer Vendela M. , Bergman Jungeström Malin , Serrander Lena , Scheer Johan H. , Kalén Anders
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Cutibacterium acnes is the most common cause of postoperative infections in
orthopaedic shoulder surgery and is hard to eradicate with current measures.
Newer strategies focus on reducing bacterial load on the skin before
surgery. Several previous studies have used a large number of both described
and undescribed sampling techniques. The purpose of this study was to
compare three previously described swab techniques to obtain bacterial
cultures: Levine's (L) technique, the Z technique and the pencil eraser swab
(PES) technique. Methods: Three consecutive skin swabs were collected from
the right shoulder, on 15 healthy male volunteers, using Levine's technique, Z technique and PES technique from each participant. To
determine the number of living bacteria, serial dilutions were made, and after
culturing for 5 d, viable count (VC) was expressed as CFU/mL (with CFU representing colony-forming unit). Results:
The PES technique yielded significantly higher VC than the two others. PES:
median 3700 CFU/mL, L: 200 CFU/mL and Z: 220 CFU/mL (p=0.003). There was no
significant difference between the methods regarding the number of positive
cultures. PES: 14/15, L: 11/15 and Z: 12/15. Conclusions: There is a need to
harmonise sampling techniques of C. acnes in order to compare the efficacy of
different measures to reduce the bacterial load on the skin before and
during surgery. Of the three tested methods, the PES technique is simple and
produces the highest bacterial counts.
Probabilistic, high-resolution tsunami predictions in northern Cascadia by exploiting sequential design for efficient emulation
Authors: Salmanidou Dimitra M. , Beck Joakim , Pazak Peter , Guillas Serge
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The potential of a full-margin rupture along the Cascadia subduction zone poses a significant threat over a populous region of North America. Previous probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment studies produced hazard curves based on simulated predictions of tsunami waves, either at low resolution or at high resolution for a local area or under limited ranges of scenarios or at a high computational cost to generate hundreds of scenarios at high resolution. We use the graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated tsunami simulator VOLNA-OP2 with a detailed representation of topographic and bathymetric features. We replace the simulator by a Gaussian process emulator at each output location to overcome the large computational burden. The emulators are statistical approximations of the simulator's behaviour. We train the emulators on a set of input–output pairs and use them to generate approximate output values over a six-dimensional scenario parameter space, e.g. uplift/subsidence ratio and maximum uplift, that represent the seabed deformation. We implement an advanced sequential design algorithm for the optimal selection of only 60 simulations. The low cost of emulation provides for additional flexibility in the shape of the deformation, which we illustrate here considering two families – buried rupture and splay-faulting – of 2000 potential scenarios. This approach allows for the first emulation-accelerated computation of probabilistic tsunami hazard in the region of the city of Victoria, British Columbia.
NEW CORROSION INHIBITORS BASED ON AMINES AND AMIDES
Authors: Oserbaeva Alfiya Kurbanbaevna , Nurullaev Shavkat Payzievich , Rashidov Davron Mavlon o’gl , Kurbanova Ranoxon Islomidin kizi
Published: December 2021

In this work, new inhibitors of metal corrosion in sulfuric acid media are investigated depending on the duration of the process, inhibitor concentration and temperature. The main parameters of the synthesis of new corrosion inhibitors for metals of grade St.3 and St.12 with the use of amine and amide-containing organic substances have been determined, and methods for preparing these inhibitors have been described. The physicochemical properties of amine and amide containing organic inhibitors of corrosion and salt deposition in acidic process media have been studied.
THE TYPOLOGY OF TERMINOLOGICAL INCLUSIONS INTO A LITERARY TEXT BY THE NATURE OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE RECIPIENT TEXT
Authors: Lashina Elena Borisovna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the terms in the literary text according to their nature of distribution in the recipient text. Terminological inclusions that take part in the creation of code intertextuality are characterized by a concentric (into microtext) position. Also the terms can travel through the macrotext.
PUSHKIN’S LANGUAGE AND RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE
Authors: Yuqin Liu
Published: December 2021

The article examines the nationality of the literary language, Church Slavicism, the Europeanization of Russian literary speech in the language of Pushkin, the language of his fictional prose, as well as Pushkin’s contributions to the transformation and development of the literary language.
FOREGROUNDING IN A VIEW OF COGNITIVE STYLISTICS APPLIED TO FAIRY-FANTASY TEXT ‘THE HITCHHIKER’S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY’ BY DOUGLAS ADAMS
Authors: Sherfedinova Aleksandra Davidovna
Published: December 2021

The article examines the cognitive approach to the definition of concept ‘foregrounding’, its application to the analysis of a fragment of a fairytale-fantasy text, and describes its potential for a further detailed analysis of literary works. On the example of the analysis of a fairy-tale-fantasy text, the possibilities of using the elaborations of image-schemes and binary opposition of the trajector-landmark for revealing the meaning of the work and the personality of its characters are demonstrated.
ORGANIZING INTERNAL CONTROL OVER ELECTRONIC BANKING SYSTEMS
Authors: Yousef Ragheed
Published: December 2021

The contribution of technology in the field of banking led to a qualitative shift in the nature of banking and in the mechanism of providing banking services. Electronic banking services have achieved many benefits for both the bank and the customer. In the context of the Russian banking market, the article shows that there is an upward trend in increasing the volume and number of electronic banking transactions executed. The article focuses on the nature of electronic banking services and the new risks that came with them, and highlights the importance of internal control in controlling these risks and reducing them as much as possible. It proposes a development mechanism for internal control, guided by several factors.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE USE OF A PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Nikonov E.A.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses aspects of the project approach in the management of innovative activities of enterprises in the oil and gas sector. It is noted that the functioning of enterprises in the oil and gas sector is closely related to innovation and needs to apply a project management approach in order to timely achieve the set production objectives. It is indicated that the use of the project approach in the management of oil and gas enterprises can increase labor productivity, in general, thirteen times. It is concluded that it is advisable to adapt the accumulated extensive foreign experience in the implementation of project management in the oil and gas sector.
SYSTEM APPROACH TO DESIGNING TECHNICAL MEANS OF SEEDING
Authors: Radnaev Daba Nimaevich , Shadrin Mikhail Mikhailovich , Neustroeva Aina Innokentievna
Published: December 2021

In the conditions of market relations, agricultural enterprises begin to independently focus on the recommendations of agricultural science using their own experience and choose the necessary machines and implements for crop production technologies that meet the requirements for productivity, reliability and economic capabilities of farms. In agricultural science and practice, a large number of experimental factors have accumulated, which are taken into account when designing new technological processes and working bodies. Currently, in connection with the automation of design, there is an urgent need to comprehend the accumulated experience and build the foundations of the theory of designing technologies and machines, revealing the basic laws of the design process. So, based on the essence of the systemic approach, a methodology has been developed, where, due to deductive generalization of the results obtained by agricultural science and practice, that is, «top — down» using the formed principles of the whole system and more specific statements that reveal the structure and content of design solutions. The structure of the structure of the principle of compatibility is described, which is characterized by internal integrity, due to the interconnectedness of the principle and statements of various levels.
Behavior of Paying Zakat through Zakat Institutions
Authors: Utami Annisa Rindra , . Hartoyo , Yuliati Lilik Noor
Published: December 2021

As a Muslim-majority country, Indonesia has zakat as an instrument which can potentially contribute to poverty alleviation. Managing zakat through institutions (OPZ) has been proven to improve the standard of living of the society. Unfortunately, the current number of zakat collections is far behind the calculated potential. The behavior of people who pay zakat directly (not through amil) and the low level of public literacy about zakat are the main problems to deal with. This study aims to analyze the determinants that affect the behavior based on the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. SEM-PLS results show that religiosity has a significant effect on individual trust in zakat institution but has no effect on zakat knowledge. Trust toward zakat institution has a significant effect on attitudes, subjective norms, PBC, and intentions; while zakat knowledge has a significant effect only on attitudes, PBC, and intentions. Attitudes and PBC have a significant effect on intentions, but there is no effect of subjective norm on the intention to pay zakat through OPZ. Lastly, intention also has a significant effect on a person's behavior in paying zakat through zakat institution. Several managerial implications are formulated based on the results.

Keywords: TPB; zakat behavior; zakat institution.
Modified Digital Comics: An Alternative Way for Enhancing Students Narrative Text Writing Ability
Authors: Widioko Tri
Published: December 2021

One of the countries in the world with the most comic readers is Indonesia. Based on Detik.com, Indonesia as the biggest southeast comic market has more than 6 million active users. This phenomenon becomes an opportunity for applying this media in the classroom. The purposes of this study are to find out the effect of modified digital comic as an alternative way in improving the students’ ability in writing narrative text and what aspect of writing which is influenced by this media. This research used quantitative approach and was conducted to 29 students. For collecting the data, the researcher administered the writing test. This study showed that there was a significant improvement of students who have low proficiency in the English language in writing narrative text after using modified digital comics as a language-learning media. However, the teacher perceived the use of modified digital comics in the classroom as time consuming and impractical.

Keywords: modified digital comic, narrative text, writing ability.
Relationship between Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Anxiety Levels among COVID-19 Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan
Authors: Lubis Habibie Hasyim , Lubis Wika Hanida , Kembaren Tambar
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 caused great anxiety and stress in patients, especially those treated in isolation wards. SARS-CoV-2 infected respiratory tract and caused acute respiratory syndrome with the consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, resulting in a "cytokine storm". These cytokines were also elevated in psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between NLR and anxiety levels in COVID-19 patients at RSUP. H Adam Malik.
Methods: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. This study was conducted from February to August 2021 on confirmed COVID-19 patients being treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital. The patient's anxiety scale was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire. The NLR value were taken from the results of a blood test performed when patient was first admitted to the isolation room. The data were coded, tabulated, and analyzed using SPSS 23.00 software. The magnitude of the desired deviation (α) was 0.05, with p value of <0.05.
Results: The median NLR ratio among 50 confirmed COVID-19 patients in each group respectively was 2.18, 5.03, 3.57 and 8.37. The median NLR ratio increased accordingly to the level of anxiety in COVID-19 patients, with p-value of <0.05 (p = 0.034).
Conclusion: NLR ratio was significantly related to anxiety level among COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: NLR, Anxiety Level, COVID-19, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio.
The Use of Medical Cannabis on Cancer in Thailand
Authors: Ekarattanawong Sirisopha , Ketphan Varissara , Rojcharoenchai Yada
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to indicate the beneficial utility of medical marijuana. Marijuana throughout history is known for its property to alternate consciousness. However, the medical utilization of marijuana or cannabis was dated as far back as 2900 BC, when it was used by Emperor Ru Hsi of Ancient Chinese. During the 19th century, marijuana was introduced to Western Medicine as a therapeutic drug, mostly known for its pain control properties. Marijuana by itself consists of more than 100 active components. In consideration of the amount of THC, tetrahydrocannabinol, a psychological chemical released by the glands of marijuana plants, CBD or cannabidiol, amongst the most prevalent ingredients in cannabis, is the least controversial extract extracted from the marijuana plants to be used. As of the year 2019, Thailand Narcotics Act legalized cannabis for medical use in Thailand. A study survey conducted by N.Z. shows that in just over a year, 20% of the patients report the use of cannabis for medical purposes regarding its benefits of neuropathic pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, Aids-related cachexia, intractable epilepsy, and palliative care conditions. Further clinical trials are conducted to further perceive the potential cannabis has on treating cancer. One of the two successful clinical trials that have been published proposes that cannabis may make it possible to treat brain cancer with few side effects.

Keywords: Cancer, Marijuana, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD), Medical Usage, Cannabis in Thailand.
Efficacy of Myofascial Release on Pain and Pulmonary Function during First Phase of Cardiac Rehabilitation - An Evidence Based Study
Authors: Gadhavi Mansi Pratapbhai , Bhise Anjali Ravindra
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease includes disease of heart and blood vessels. It is most common causes of mortality around the globe as well as in India.[1],[2] Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs aim to improve all lifestyle habits, quality of life and physical and psychological function. However, surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting have some complications. They may affect different systems but most frequent Complications are pulmonary complications. As a result of Surgical trauma in highly vascularised and innervated pleura and chest wall, severe pain after sternotomy occurs. which will cause weakens the respiratory muscles, reduces chest expansion, glenohumeral joint and spine mobility, as well as lessen expectoration of secretions.
Purpose:
To provide an overview of current evidence with respect to:

Effect of manual therapy (OMT, MFR) in post sternotomy acute and chronic pain.
Immediate effect of manual therapy pulmonary system.
Effect of manual therapy functional recovery and length of hospital stay, reduce analgesia consumption, improve ROM.
Effect of MFR on pulmonary function.
Methodology:
➢ Search engines used were:
• Google scholar • PubMed • PEDro • ScienceDirect • ResearchGate
➢ Key words used were:
• Sternotomy • Post sternotomy pain • Pulmonary function • Myofascial release • OMT • Respiratory function and sternotomy
Total 10 studies were selected.
Results: Evidences were reviewed and analysis was done. Articles shows that MFR reduce post-operative pain, improve respiratory function, reduces length of stay and dose of analgesia consumption.
Conclusion: Based on evidences, it is reviewed that MFR and manual therapy is beneficial in seance of reducing pain and improving pulmonary function in post sternotomy patients.

Keywords: Sternotomy, Post sternotomy pain, Pulmonary function, Myofascial release, OMT, Respiratory function and sternotomy.
Chest Radiography: A Review of 5 Year Findings in Peripheral Facilities in Jos, North -Central Nigeria
Authors: E.O. Igoh , E.A. Gabkwet , Z. Balla , K.O. Iyua , A.J. Salaam , S.M. Danjem , Y.F. Taiwo , D. Atsukwei , P.M. Gwom , C.S. Igoh
Published: December 2021

X-ray is a noninvasive imaging tool that utilizes a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce the image of the internal structure of the body which helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Chest x-ray is the most commonly performed diagnostic x-ray examination and carried out for a broad content of indications, including but not limited to cardiopulmonary diseases, follow up of known disease to assess progress and evaluation of symptoms that could relate to abdominopelvic pathology. Materials and Methods: A five (5) year retrospective review of the archive of chest radiographs referred from peripheral facilities in Jos between January, 2015 to December, 2020. The results were expressed as percentages and tests of significance were done using the chi-square. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: The study included 1039 (41.2%) females and 1482 (58.8%) male giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.4 with a mean age of 40.03± 20.38 years. Chest x-ray was normal in 68.9% of the subjects while 783 (31.1%) patients showed various abnormal findings. The common abnormal chest findings were chest infection(20.1%) and hypertensive heart disease (5.3%).Other findings include heart failure (1.5%), hypertension(1.5%),pleural effusion(1.0%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (0.6%).The least findings were lung metastasis and rib fracture following road traffic accidents constituting 0.1% each. The age groups 40-49 years and 50-59 years had the majority of the abnormal chest findings while age groups 10-19 years and 20-29 years had normal findings. This was statistically significant( p<0.005).
Hölder regularity for degenerate parabolic equations with variable exponents
Authors: EL Bahja Hamid
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we discuss a class of degenerate parabolic equations with variable exponents. By  using the Steklov average and Young's inequality, we establish energy and logarithmicestimates for solutions to these equations. Then based on the intrinsic scaling method, we provethat local weak solutions are locally continuous.
On smallest (generalized) ideals and semilattices of (2,2)-regular non-associative ordered semigroups
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed M. , Yousafzai Faisal , Zia Muhammed Danish
Published: December 2021

An ordered AG-groupoid can be referred to as a non-associativeordered semigroup, as the main di¤erence between an ordered semigroup and anordered AG-groupoid is the switching of an associative law. In this paper, wedene the smallest left (right) ideals in an ordered AG-groupoid and use them tocharacterize a (2; 2)-regular class of a unitary ordered AG-groupoid along with itssemilattices and (2 ;2 _q)-fuzzy left (right) ideals. We also give the conceptof an ordered A*G**-groupoid and investigate its structural properties by usingthe generated ideals and (2 ;2 _q)-fuzzy left (right) ideals. These concepts willverify the existing characterizations and will help in achieving more generalizedresults in future works.
Fractional calculus pertaining to multivariable Aleph-function
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Ayant Frederic
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study a pair of unied and extended fractional integral operator involving the multivariable Aleph-function, Aleph-function and general class of polynomials. During this study, we establish ve theorems pertaining to Mellin transforms of these operators. Furthers, some properties of these operators have also been investigated. On account of the general nature of the functions involved herein, a large number of (known and new) fractional integral operators involved simpler functions can also be obtained . We will quote the particular case concerning the multivariable I-function dened by Sharma and Ahmad [20] and the I-function of one variable dened by Saxena [13].
Một số giải pháp quản lý thiết bị dạy nghề tại các trung tâm đào tạo nghiệp vụ giao thông vận tải tỉnh Bình Định
Authors: Nguyễn Thành Hiếu
Published: December 2021

Quản lý thiết bị dạy nghề luôn cần đầu tư quan tâm đúng mức. Hiện nay, thực trạng việc quản lý thiết bị dạy học nghề tại các trung tâm đào tạo nghiệp vụ giao thông vận tải như:  Quản lý việc trang bị; Quản lý việc sử dụng; Quản lý việc bảo quản; Quản lý việc sửa chữa thiết bị chưa thực sự hiệu quả. Để quản lý các thiết bị dạy học nghề, đặc biệt là thiết bị dạy học nghề lái xe, các Trung tâm đào tạo nghiệp vụ giao thông cần xây dựng các biện pháp quản lý thiết bị dạy học nghề phù hợp, đảm bảo đáp ứng nhu cầu sử dụng thiết bị trong quá trình thực hành lái xe của học viên.
Lao động nông thôn tỉnh Đồng Tháp - Thực trạng và giải pháp
Authors: Nguyễn Hoàng Trung
Published: December 2021

Lao động nông thôn tỉnh Đồng Tháp là một bộ phận quan trọng trong lực lượng lao động của tỉnh. Bài báo nghiên cứu thực trạng lao động nông thôn để thấy được những hạn chế, từ đó đề xuất một số giải pháp nhằm nâng cao chất lượng nguồn lao động nông thôn góp phần phát triển kinh tế - xã hội tỉnh Đồng Tháp trong quá trình công nghiệp hóa hiện đại hóa.
Phương pháp sử dụng đường thẳng tiếp tuyến chứng minh bất đẳng thức
Authors: Phan Trọng Thư
Published: December 2021

Bài viết giới thiệu phương pháp sử dụng đường thẳng tiếp tuyến trong chứng minh bất đẳng thức và các ví dụ minh họa tiêu biểu.
STUDY OF SERUM OSTEOPROTEGERIN AND RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-Β LIGAND IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors:   Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Geneva-Popova Mariela ,   Rheumatology, UMHAT ",   Sveti Georgi",   Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Popova Stanislava ,   Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv; Rheumatology, UMHAT "Sveti Georgi" Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: December 2021

Although rheumatological diseases are widespread, they still have an unclear etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy. Researchers are looking for biomarkers associated with inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. Serum Osteoprotegerin (s-OPG) and serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand (s-RANKL) have not been studied in patients with Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. The aim of this study was to investigate s-OPG and s-RANKL in patients with various rheumatic diseases. Materials and methods: We studied 135 patients with rheumatic diseases, of which 55 were diagnosed with DISH, 50 with spondylosis, 23 with ankylosing spondylitis, 7 with gout, and 25 were a control group. s-OPG and s-RANKL, serum calcium, ionized calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, urea, creatine, and serum osteocalcin were tested using the ELISA method in the Clinical Laboratory of "St. George" University Hospital, Plovdiv. The results were processed using the statistical program SPSS ver 26, with significance p<0.05. Results: Patients with DISH and ankylosing spondylitis had higher levels of s-OPG, s-RANKL, and s-OPG/s-RANKL ratio than the control group (p<0.05). The s-OPG/s-RANKL ratio in patients with spondylosis and gout was lower than in patients with DISH and ankylosing spondylitis (p<0.05). There are strong correlations between s-OPG, s-RANKL, and the biochemical parameters related to bone metabolism (serum calcium, ionized calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, urea, creatine, and serum osteocalcin)(p <0.05). Conclusion: Our studies show that changes in bone metabolism are similar in patients with DISH and ankylosing spondylitis. Further research is needed to look for a common pathogenetic pathway linking degenerative and inflammatory rheumatic diseases of the axial skeleton.
UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA: APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA, PROTAGONISMO DOS ESTUDANTES
Authors: Borges de Carvalho Josimauro
Published: December 2021

As metodologias ativas são aplicadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem com efeito de promover uma assimilação ativa dos conteúdos, permitindo que o educando assuma o protagonismo na aquisição do conhecimento. A utilização destas metodologias torna possível um envolvimento maior do aluno com a sua aprendizagem, aumentando as chances de compreender, de forma contextualizada, o que lhe é apresentado. Nesse sentido, afirma-se que objetivo geral do presente estudo é o de analisar a importância das metodologias ativas para o ensino da matemática. A metodologia utilizada na elaboração desta pesquisa é a revisão bibliográfica construída por meio da análise de artigos científicos publicados e selecionados por meio das bases de dados Google Acadêmico e SciELO, obedecendo ao recorte temporal que compreende os anos de 2020 a junho de 2021. Verificou-se que a utilização das metodologias ativas para o ensino da matemática potencializa a assimilação dos conteúdos e permite uma aprendizagem mais significativa por parte dos alunos. Isso, pois com a apresentação dos conteúdos de forma contextualizada se torna possível atribuir sentido aos temas curriculares de matemática que estão sendo trabalhados.
“I knew the sound well”
Authors: Dern John A.
Published: December 2021

Like the Saxon king Alfred the Great, the narrator of “The Tell-Tale Heart” hears “with both his ears.” However, whereas Alfred's chronicler, Bishop Asser, describes Alfred's talent for listening as a complement to the king's eager rationality, the narrator of “The Tell-Tale Heart,” who also hears “with both his ears,” is eager but not rational. He characterizes his acute hearing as a happy byproduct of an unnamed “disease,” arguing that it validates his claim of sanity, but his hearing is actually a vehicle for Poe's irony. While drawing on prior criticism, this article stresses how Poe's artistic control throughout the tale undermines the narrator's pretense of self-control. Thus, where the narrator calmly claims that mysterious vibrations from an old man's “Evil Eye” drove him to murder, Poe ironically emphasizes that sound is the character's undoing, ultimately producing a kind of aural nausea that the narrator re-experiences in the present as he tells an unidentified auditor how he murdered the old man. This nausea is what caused him to spew forth his confession of murder for the police originally and what causes him to do so again in the telling of events for his auditor. Poe particularly displays his artistic control with repetitions, rhetorically mocking the narrator's claim that heightened hearing demonstrates his sanity through the text's insistently repeated versions of the word “ear,” but he also displays his control through the rhetorical device of deixis, which derides the storyteller's inability to separate the narratorial past from the narratorial present.
The Uncanny Mind
Authors: Sonnefeld Bethanie
Published: December 2021

Among the psychological interpretations of Edgar Allan Poe's “The Black Cat,” trauma theory has yet to make an appearance. However, the confessional nature of the story shifts—via a trauma reading—from an attempt by the narrator to ease his guilt to his attempt to understand what happened to him. “The Black Cat” reveals a man's search to understand how he committed violent acts when trauma and preconceived self-understandings obscure his ability to reconcile his violent actions. The narrator's murder of his wife traumatized him, causing erasures in the timeline and several forms of dissociation. These erasures and dissociations cause an uncanny effect within the story, which show the narrator to be his own doppelganger as well as an instance of the biform. However, these symptoms suggest that the narrator does not have enough critical distance from the events, so telling his tale becomes a form of reliving that does not relieve the confusion he experiences. Ultimately, the narrator's confession does not provide the understanding he hopes for, which places the burden of creating an understanding of the story on the individual reader.