bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can carotid artery Doppler variations induced by the end-expiratory occlusion maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients?
Authors: D’Arrigo Sonia , Dell’Anna Antonio Maria , Sandroni Claudio , Messina Antonio , Cacciola Sofia , Pacini Chiara , Antonelli Massimo
Published: April 2023

Background

An increase in cardiac index (CI) during an end-expiratory occlusion test (EEOt) predicts fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients. However, if CI monitoring is unavailable or the echocardiographic window is difficult, using the carotid Doppler (CD) could be a feasible alternative to track CI changes. This study investigates whether changes in CD peak velocity (CDPV) and corrected flow time (cFT) during an EEOt were correlated with CI changes and if CDPV and cFT changes predicted fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock.

Methods

Prospective, single-center study in adults with hemodynamic instability. The CDPV and cFT on carotid artery Doppler and hemodynamic variables from the pulse contour analysis EV1000™ were recorded at baseline, during a 20-s EEOt, and after fluid challenge (500 mL). We defined responders as those who increased CI ≥ 15% after a fluid challenge.

Results

We performed 44 measurements in 18 mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock and without arrhythmias. The fluid responsiveness rate was 43.2%. The changes in CDPV were significantly correlated with changes in CI during EEOt (r = 0.51 [0.26–0.71]). A significant, albeit lower correlation, was found for cFT (r = 0.35 [0.1–0.58]). An increase in CI ≥ 5.35% during EEOt predicted fluid responsiveness with 78.9% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.85. An increase in CDPV ≥ 10.5% during an EEOt predicted fluid responsiveness with 96.2% specificity and 53.0% sensitivity with an AUROC of 0.74. Sixty-one percent of CDPV measurements (from − 13.5 to 9.5 cm/s) fell within the gray zone. The cFT changes during EEOt did not accurately predict fluid responsiveness.

Conclusions

In septic shock patients without arrhythmias, an increase in CDPV greater than 10.5% during a 20-s EEOt predicted fluid responsiveness with > 95% specificity. Carotid Doppler combined with EEOt may help optimize preload when invasive hemodynamic monitoring is unavailable. However, the 61% gray zone is a major limitation (retrospectively registered on Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04470856 on July 14, 2020).
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on type 2 diabetes biomarkers: an umbrella of interventional meta-analyses
Authors: Musazadeh Vali , Kavyani Zeynab , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Dehghan Parvin , Vajdi Mahdi
Published: April 2023

Background

Vitamin D supplementation exerts several supporting effects on improving glycemic status, however, results are inconclusive. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to conduct an umbrella of meta-analysis regarding the impact of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) biomarkers.

Methods

The Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar online databases were searched up to March 2022. All meta-analyses evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on T2DM biomarkers were considered eligible. Overall, 37 meta-analyses were included in this umbrella meta-analysis.

Results

Our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD =  − 3.08; 95% CI: − 3.97, − 2.19, p < 0.001, and SMD =  − 0.26; 95% CI: − 0.38, − 0.14, p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD =  − 0.05; 95% CI: − 0.10, − 0.01, p = 0.016, and SMD =  − 0.16; 95% CI: − 0.27, − 0.05, p = 0.004), insulin concentrations (WMD =  − 2.62; 95% CI: − 4.11, − 1.13; p < 0.001, and SMD =  − 0.33; 95% CI: − 0.56, − 0.11, p = 0.004), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD =  − 0.67; 95% CI: − 1.01, − 0.32, p < 0.001, and SMD =  − 0.31; 95% CI: − 0.46, − 0.16, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This umbrella meta-analysis proposed that vitamin D supplementation may improve T2DM biomarkers.
An innovative inpatient protocol for alcohol withdrawal prevention in a 16-year-old adolescent: a case report
Authors: Moubayed Dina , Chadi Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Background

Alcohol cessation in youth with daily drinking poses a risk of severe and life-threatening alcohol withdrawal. If unsupervised, alcohol withdrawal in heavy users can cause severe complications, such as seizures, delirium tremens, and death. We present the case of a teenager admitted at our pediatric center for the prevention of alcohol withdrawal using an innovative protocol, including a fixed-dosage benzodiazepine regimen.

Case description

A 16-year-old Caucasian male, known to have anxiety and an attention deficit disorder, was electively admitted for medical stabilization and surveillance of alcohol withdrawal. He had been previously diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and had a past history of withdrawal symptoms. He was prescribed a course of thiamine, folic acid, as well as a fixed-dosage benzodiazepine taper over 5 days. His withdrawal symptoms were evaluated using a standardized Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale. During his stay, he reported minimal symptoms, as well as a score on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale consistently lower than 5. His mood, motivation, eating habits and sleeping patterns significantly improved during his stay. He developed no medical complications and demonstrated pride in his successes. He was successfully transferred to a long-term rehabilitation center.

Conclusions

A withdrawal prevention protocol was developed on the basis of existing literature. It included a soothing environment, basic laboratory work evaluating the medical complications of alcohol use, as well as medication aiming to prevent and reduce potential withdrawal symptoms. The patient responded well to the fixed-dosage taper with minimal symptoms and discomfort. Although alcohol use in adolescents is frequent, alcohol withdrawal in this population is rarely seen in a pediatric hospital setting. Nonetheless, given the lack of existing guidelines regarding alcohol withdrawal in adolescents, standardized protocols could be greatly beneficial for the prevention of this condition in this population.
Targeting G-quadruplex motifs interferes with differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Migliaccio Teresa , Napolitano Fabiana , Di Somma Sarah , Maneli Giovanni , Amato Jussara , Pagano Bruno , Randazzo Antonio , Portella Giuseppe , Formisano Pietro , Malfitano Anna Maria
Published: April 2023

Background

G-quadruplex (G4) motifs are nucleic acid secondary structures observed in mammalian genomes and transcriptomes able to regulate various cellular processes. Several small molecules have been developed so far to modulate G4 stability, frequently associated with anticancer activity. However, how G4 structures are regulated over homeostatic conditions is mostly unexplored. Here, we used human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to address the role of G4 motifs during adipogenic differentiation.

Methods

Adipocyte differentiation of ASCs was investigated in the presence or absence of a well-known G4 ligand, Braco-19. Cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B assay. Cell dimension and granularity, DNA G4 motifs and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Lipid droplet accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Cell senescence was evaluated by β-galactosidase staining. Gene expression was measured by qPCR. Protein release in the extracellular medium was quantified by ELISA.

Results

Braco-19 used at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced morphological changes in mature adipocytes partially restoring an undifferentiated-like status. Braco-19 reduced lipid vacuolization and PPARG, AP2, LEP and TNFA mRNA levels in terminally differentiated cells. No effect was observed in cell senescence, fibrotic markers, IL-6 and IL-8 production, while the secretion of VEGF was dose-dependently reduced. Interestingly, G4 structures were increased in differentiated adipocytes compared to their precursors. Braco-19 treatment reduced G4 content in mature adipocytes.

Conclusions

Our data highlight a new role of G4 motifs as genomic structural elements related to human ASC differentiation into mature adipocytes, with potential implications in physio-pathological processes.
Dose-dependent changes in real-life affective well-being in healthy community-based individuals with mild to moderate childhood trauma exposure
Authors: Berhe Oksana , Moessnang Carolin , Reichert Markus , Ma Ren , Höflich Anna , Tesarz Jonas , Heim Christine M. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Tost Heike
Published: April 2023

Background

Childhood trauma exposures (CTEs) are frequent, well-established risk factor for the development of psychopathology. However, knowledge of the effects of CTEs in healthy individuals in a real life context, which is crucial for early detection and prevention of mental disorders, is incomplete. Here, we use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate CTE load-dependent changes in daily-life affective well-being and psychosocial risk profile in n = 351 healthy, clinically asymptomatic, adults from the community with mild to moderate CTE.

Findings

EMA revealed significant CTE dose-dependent decreases in real-life affective valence (p = 0.007), energetic arousal (p = 0.032) and calmness (p = 0.044). Psychosocial questionnaires revealed a broad CTE-related psychosocial risk profile with dose-dependent increases in mental health risk-associated features (e.g., trait anxiety, maladaptive coping, loneliness, daily hassles; p values < 0.003) and a corresponding decrease in factors protective for mental health (e.g., life satisfaction, adaptive coping, optimism, social support; p values < 0.021). These results were not influenced by age, sex, socioeconomic status or education.

Conclusions

Healthy community-based adults with mild to moderate CTE exhibit dose-dependent changes in well-being manifesting in decreases in affective valence, calmness and energy in real life settings, as well as a range of established psychosocial risk features associated with mental health risk. This indicates an approach to early detection, early intervention, and prevention of CTE-associated psychiatric disorders in this at-risk population, using ecological momentary interventions (EMI) in real life, which enhance established protective factors for mental health, such as green space exposure, or social support.
Intramedullary spinal cavernous malformations with high ossification: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Weihao , Wang Chong , Wang Bo , Zhang Yaowu , Jia Wenqing
Published: April 2023

Background

Cavernous malformations of the spinal cord are a rare type of vascular malformation, comprising approximately 5 to 16% of all vascular lesions in the spinal cord. Depending on their origin position, these malformations can be distributed in different locations within the spinal canal. Although intramedullary cavernous malformations have been reported in the literature, they are exceedingly rare. Furthermore, highly calcified or ossified intramedullary cavernous spinal malformations are even rarer.

Case presentation

Here, we present a case report of a 28-year-old woman diagnosed with a thoracic intramedullary cavernous malformation. The patient had been experiencing progressive numbness in her distal limbs for a period of 2 months. During routine lung computed tomography screening for COVID-19, a hyperdense mass was noted in the patient’s spinal canal. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mulberry-shaped intramedullary mass at the T1-2 level. The patient underwent surgical treatment, during which the entire lesion was successfully removed, resulting in a gradual improvement of her symptoms. Histological examination confirmed the presence of cavernous malformations with calcification.

Conclusions

Intramedullary cavernous malformations with calcification are rare and special type that should be treated surgically in the early stage without significant neurological impairment before rebleeding or enlargement of the lesion can occur.
Polypharmacy and sustainable developmental goals: linking evidence-based medicine, patient engagement, and shared decision-making
Authors: Komatsu Yasuhiro
Published: April 2023

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an urgent call for action adopted by the United Nations to improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth. The SDG 3 objective of good health and well-being is fundamentally linked to patient safety. Medication safety is a crucial issue in the promotion of health and well-being, and polypharmacy management is a key challenge in medication safety. Inappropriate polypharmacy can increase adverse drug events and health expenditures and reduce patient quality of life. As such, polypharmacy is prominent among older adults with chronic kidney disease. Optimal medication practice requires a high level of evidence-based medicine that integrates both scientific best evidence and patient values and preferences through a shared decision-making process. This article reviews polypharmacy management based on patient engagement and shared decision-making.
Screen time among school-aged children of aged 6–14: a systematic review
Authors: Qi Jingbo , Yan Yujie , Yin Hui
Published: April 2023

Background

Screen time refers to the time an individual spends using electronic or digital media devices such as televisions, smart phones, tablets or computers. The purpose of this study was to conduct systematic review to analyze the relevant studies on the length and use of screen time of school-aged children, in order to provide scientific basis for designing screen time interventions and perfecting the screen use guidelines for school-aged children.

Methods

Screen time related studies were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical Trials, Controlled Trials, The WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, and Whipple Journal databases from January 1, 2016 to October 31, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data, and adopted a qualitative analysis method to evaluate the research status of the length and usage of screen time of school-aged students.

Results

Fifty-three articles were included. Sixteen articles studied screen time length in the form of continuous variables. Thirty-seven articles studied screen time in the form of grouped variables. The average screen time of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 was 2.77 h per day, and 46.4% of them had an average screen time ≥ 2 h per day. A growth trend could be roughly seen by comparing studies in the same countries and regions before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The average rates of school-aged children who had screen time within the range of ≥ 2 h per day, were 41.3% and 59.4% respectively before and after January 2020. The main types of screen time before January 2020 were watching TV (20 literatures), using computers (16 literature), using mobile phones/tablets (4 literatures). The mainly uses of screens before January 2020 were entertainment (15 literatures), learning (5 literatures) and socializing (3 literatures). The types and mainly uses of screen time after January 2020 remained the same as the results before January 2020.

Conclusions

Excessive screen time has become a common behavior among children and adolescents around the world. Intervention measures to control children's screen use should be explored in combination with different uses to reduce the proportion of non-essential uses.
Evaluation of Hem-o-lok clips in controlling the splenic pedicle in laparoscopic splenectomy in children
Authors: Eid Mahmoud Mohamed , Elshimy Khalid Mohammad , Elbatarny Akram Mohamed , Metwally Mohamed Fathy
Published: April 2023

Background

Splenectomy is an established therapeutic intervention for benign haematological disorders (BHD) in children. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become accepted as the preferred alternative to the open procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Hem-o-lok clips in controlling the splenic hilum during laparoscopic splenectomy in children as regards feasibility, safety, operative time, cost, and perioperative complications.

Methods

This study included 27 cases with BHD, from April 2020 to December 2021, who underwent LS. In all patients, the Hem-o-lok clips were used to control the splenic pedicle. Operative time, intraoperative complications, need for conversion, and splenic extraction were reported. Postoperative course, complications, and hospital stay were also recorded. Patients were followed up for 3 months for development of complications and for evaluation of cosmetic appearance.

Results

The mean operative time, excluding splenic extraction, was 67.04 min. There were 3 intraoperative minor bleeding incidents, all not related to Hem-o-lok application, and they were successfully controlled, with no need for conversion. The mean hospital stay was 1.3 days. We used one cartridge for each case (cost; 686 LE, US $28).

Conclusions

The Hem-o-lok clips are feasible, safe, and cost effective in controlling the splenic hilum during LS in children with benign haematological diseases.
Chyle leak after transposition of the aberrant left vertebral artery via 1-debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a case report
Authors: Nobuo Kondo , Hodaka Wakisaka , Yuta Kawashima , Kazuki Kihara , Takahiro Noda , Kensuke Oue
Published: April 2023

Background

Although the transposition of the aberrant left vertebral artery (ALVA) in 1-debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair requiring zone 2 coverage for thoracic aneurysm with ALVA is reported to be an effective option, there are few reports of complications associated with the transposition of the ALVA.

Case presentation

An 87-year-old man underwent 1-debranching thoracic endovascular repair for a saccular thoracic aortic aneurysm with the aberrant left vertebral artery. Simultaneously, the transposition of the ALVA was performed to prevent cerebral complications because the left vertebral artery was dominant. Postoperative computed tomography revealed the reconstructed vertebral artery and no endoleak. However, a postoperative chyle leak occurred and was treated with lymphangiography.

Conclusion

Although the ALVA transposition is one of the better options, a chyle leak should be considered a serious complication of the procedure.
Management of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Andersen Barbara L. , Lacchetti Christina , Ashing Kimlin , Berek Jonathan S. , Berman Barry S. , Bolte Sage , Dizon Don S. , Given Barbara , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Pirl William , Stanton Annette L. , Rowland Julia H.
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE

To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on the management of anxiety and depression in adult cancer survivors.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary expert panel convened to update the guideline. A systematic review of evidence published from 2013-2021 was conducted.

RESULTS

The evidence base consisted of 17 systematic reviews ± meta analyses (nine for psychosocial interventions, four for physical exercise, three for mindfulness-based stress reduction [MBSR], and one for pharmacologic interventions), and an additional 44 randomized controlled trials. Psychological, educational, and psychosocial interventions led to improvements in depression and anxiety. Evidence for pharmacologic management of depression and anxiety in cancer survivors was inconsistent. The lack of inclusion of survivors from minoritized groups was noted and identified as an important consideration to provide high-quality care for ethnic minority populations.

RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended to use a stepped-care model, that is, provide the most effective and least resource-intensive intervention based on symptom severity. All oncology patients should be offered education regarding depression and anxiety. For patients with moderate symptoms of depression, clinicians should offer cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), behavioral activation (BA), MBSR, structured physical activity, or empirically supported psychosocial interventions. For patients with moderate symptoms of anxiety, clinicians should offer CBT, BA, structured physical activity, acceptance and commitment therapy, or psychosocial interventions. For patients with severe symptoms of depression or anxiety, clinicians should offer cognitive therapy, BA, CBT, MBSR, or interpersonal therapy. Treating clinicians may offer a pharmacologic regimen for depression or anxiety for patients who do not have access to first-line treatment, prefer pharmacotherapy, have previously responded well to pharmacotherapy, or have not improved following first-line psychological or behavioral management. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/survivorship-guidelines .
Delirium Among Patients With Cancer in the Intensive Care Unit: Prognostic Sign or Opportunity for Intervention
Authors: Stevens Erin , Scott Erin M.E.
Published: April 2023

Delirium continues to be challenging for medical providers, patients, and caregivers. In a recent editorial, the authors review a retrospective analysis of critically ill, nonterminal patients with cancer admitted to a mixed medical-surgical ICU and discuss how these findings offer opportunities for intervention and goals-of-care conversations
ERβ in Granulosa Cell Tumors and Its Clinical Potential
Authors: Birgersson Madeleine , Indukuri Rajitha , Antonson Per , Nalvarte Ivan , Archer Amena , Williams Cecilia
Published: April 2023

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare ovarian tumors comprising an adult and a juvenile subtype. They have a generally good prognosis, but the survival rate drastically declines in patients with late-stage or recurring tumors. Due to the rarity of GCTs, the tumor type is largely understudied and lacks a specific treatment strategy. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has been found to be highly expressed in GCTs, which could be of therapeutic importance since it can be targeted with small molecules. However, its role in GCTs is not known. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the action of ERβ in the ovary and discuss its prospective role in GCTs.
Osteochondroma of the atlas vertebra causing high grade spinal canal stenosis: a rare case report
Authors: Aggarwal Shweta , Sachdeva Rajat
Published: April 2023

Osteochondromas are the most common primary benign bone tumors which can be either solitary or multiple in the form of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME). Osteochondromas are located frequently in the long bones and rarely involve the spine. Cervical spine remains the most common site for spinal osteochondroma. However, majority of the cases are neurologically asymptomatic as most of them are slow growing with growth directed outside the spinal canal. In this case report, we describe a rare case of solitary osteochondroma arising from C1 vertebra (atlas) resulting in serious neurological complications, ultimately necessitating surgical intervention.
Entanglement theory and its applications in Gaussian quantum information
Authors: Τσέρκης Σπυρίδων
Published: April 2023

Η κβαντική διεμπλοκή είναι μια μη κλασική ιδιότητα που θεωρείται ως ο "πόρος" για διάφορα κβαντικά πρωτόκολλα. Στην παρούσα διατριβή, συζητείται η ποσοτικοποίηση της διεμπλοκής σε Γκαουσιανά κβαντικά συστήματα, χρησιμοποιώντας ως μέτρο τη "διεμπλοκή δημιουργίας". Άνω και κάτω οριακές τιμές καθορίζονται στο πλαίσιο του εν λόγω μέτρου, οι οποίες επιτυγχάνονται σε ειδικές περιπτώσεις. Η τηλεμεταφορά μελετάται και χρησιμοποιείται επίσης με σκοπό: (i) την διόρθωση σφαλμάτων σε πληροφορία που είναι κωδικοποιημένη σε Γκαουσιανά συστήματα, και (ii) την εξαγωγή οριακών τιμών σχετικά με τη χωρητικότητα Γκαουσιανών καναλιών όσον αφορά τη μεταφορά κρυπογραφημένων κλειδιών. Τέλος, στο πλαίσιο κβαντικής διανομής κλειδιών, προτείνεται ένα πρωτίκολλο συλλογικής υποκλοπής με βάση την τηλεμεταφορά, το οποίο προσεγγίζει τη βέλτιστη δυνατή απόδοση στο όριο της άπειρης διεμπλοκής.
La imagen del Africano entre los portugueses antes de los contactos.
Authors: da Silva Horta José
Published: April 2023

Con este trabajo pretendemos aproximarnos y evaluar los referentes culturales de los primeros viajeros que visitaron África y sus primeras impresiones sobre los nativos de las tierras visitadas. Esos referentes se constituyen como un código del que forman parte clasificaciones varias, estereotipos, lugares comunes y valores que son compartidos, en lo fundamental, por el Occidente cristiano, espacio cultural al que pertenece Portugal.
La Luz Amaliana.
Authors: Troncoso García Jesús
Published: April 2023

El autor, rinde homenaje a su maestro y amigo Amalio García del Moral tras el undécimo aniversario de su muerte en 1995, indagando sobre el magistral uso de la luz en su obra polifacética desde una perspectiva enfatemática, que le lleva a descubrir todo un camino místico en su obra poética y pictórica que parangona con los clásicos místicos alemanes y espa-ñoles del Barroco. Descubre además su búsqueda de un movimiento armonicista como colofón vanguardista ya en la madurez de su pintura-poesía : el Tarol-Armonicismo (1982) -última vanguardia europea del siglo XX-, que analiza como un fiel reflejo de la compensación de ideas eclécticas tan propias del "racionalismo armónico" de los neokrausistas andaluces, entre los cuales debe figurar por derecho propio el gran pintorpoeta Amalio, sobre todo por la filosofía idealista implícita en su obra, que le condujo a la fantasía, la intuición y la reivindicación de la libre creación artística apoyada en la dimensión mis-teriosa del hombre y del propio Arte.
A Prediction-Based Approach for Online Dynamic Appointment Scheduling: A Case Study in Radiotherapy Treatment
Authors: Pham Tu San , Legrain Antoine , De Causmaecker Patrick , Rousseau Louis-Martin
Published: April 2023

Patient scheduling is a difficult task involving stochastic factors, such as the unknown arrival times of patients. Similarly, the scheduling of radiotherapy for cancer treatments needs to handle patients with different urgency levels when allocating resources. High-priority patients may arrive at any time, and there must be resources available to accommodate them. A common solution is to reserve a flat percentage of treatment capacity for emergency patients. However, this solution can result in overdue treatments for urgent patients, a failure to fully exploit treatment capacity, and delayed treatments for low-priority patients. This problem is especially severe in large and crowded hospitals. In this paper, we propose a prediction-based approach for online dynamic radiotherapy scheduling that dynamically adapts the present scheduling decision based on each incoming patient and the current allocation of resources. Our approach is based on a regression model trained to recognize the links between patients’ arrival patterns and their ideal waiting time in optimal off-line solutions when all future arrivals are known in advance. When our prediction-based approach is compared with flat-reservation policies, it does a better job of preventing overdue treatments for emergency patients and also maintains comparable waiting times for the other patients. We also demonstrate how our proposed approach supports explainability and interpretability in scheduling decisions using Shapley additive explanation values.

History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms.

Funding: Mitacs Accélération IT26995 and Canada Research Chair in Analytics and Logistics in Healthcare (HANALOG).

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1289 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0342 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7579533 ).
Automation Enables Specialization: Field Evidence
Authors: Gong Jie , Png I. P. L.
Published: April 2023

Becker and Murphy proposed that task specialization raises productivity but is limited by the costs of coordinating workers. We propose that automation enables workers to specialize without coordination costs. To the extent that the cost of effort exhibits increasing differences, workers increase effort in nonautomated tasks and productivity. The proposition is supported by a field experiment among supermarket cashiers. Conventionally, supermarket cashiers perform two tasks: scanning purchases and collecting payment. Cashiers exhibited increasing differences in the cost of effort: when they scanned faster, they took longer to collect payments. We rotated cashiers between the conventional job design and one in which they specialized in scanning. The new job design increased cashier productivity in scanning by more than 10%. The faster scanning was not due to customer sorting or cashier learning. The proposition is also validated by a survey of taxi drivers. Drivers who reported that difficulties in finding their way affected their driving were more likely to use map apps.

This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.

Funding: This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education [MOE2016-SSRTG-059].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4760 .
The Interplay of Earnings, Ratings, and Penalties on Sharing Platforms: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Xu Yuqian , Lu Baile , Ghose Anindya , Dai Hongyan , Zhou Weihua
Published: April 2023

On-demand delivery through sharing platforms represents a rapidly expanding segment of the global workforce. The emergence of sharing platforms enables gig workers to choose when and where to work, allowing them to do so in a flexible manner. However, such flexibility brings notorious challenges to platforms in managing the gig workforce. Thus, understanding the incentive and behavioral issues of gig workers in this new business model is inherently meaningful. This paper investigates how the incentive mechanisms of sharing platforms—earnings, ratings, and penalties—affect the working decisions of gig workers and their nuanced relationships. To achieve this goal, we use data from one leading on-demand delivery platform with more than 50 million active consumers in China and implement a two-stage Heckman model with instrumental variables to estimate the impact of earnings, ratings, and penalties. We first show that better ratings motivate gig workers to work more. However, interestingly, when ratings are employed together with earnings, the two positive effects of ratings and earnings can be substitutes for each other. Second, we reveal that higher past penalties discourage workers from working more, whereas, interestingly, workers with higher past penalties tend to be more sensitive toward an increase in earnings. Finally, we conduct follow-up surveys to understand the underlying mechanisms of the observed moderating effects from both psychological and economic perspectives. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide managerial implications to help platform managers understand how earnings, ratings, and penalties work together to affect gig workers’ working decisions and how to manage high- and low-quality workers.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, entrepreneurship and innovation.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72192823, 72172169, 71821002, 91646125, 72071206, 72231011, 72025405, and 72088101] and Program for Innovation Research at the Central University of Finance and Economics.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4761 .
Recruiting Talent Through Entrepreneurs’ Social Vision Communication
Authors: van Balen Timo , Tarakci Murat
Published: April 2023

For-profit social ventures are proliferating. They often communicate social visions, presenting an ideal future where the ventures resolve environmental or societal issues. We study whether social vision communication helps a startup to recruit talent—a fundamental problem for growth. We argue that jobseekers are less likely to apply to ventures communicating a social vision as they perceive reduced career advancement opportunities. We conducted two complementary studies to test our theory. Study 1 enlisted data from a job board for startups to show that ventures communicating a social vision receive 46.3% fewer job applications. Study 2 replicated this finding in a field experiment that further reveals the underlying mechanism: social vision communication limits jobseekers’ perceived career advancement opportunities. Both studies show that higher remuneration can compensate the negative effect of social vision communication. Our findings advance research on purpose-driven organizations, human resources, entrepreneurship, and vision communication to caution entrepreneurs against social vision communication as a recruitment strategy.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1671 .
Revisiting the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Burch Jennie , Taylor Claire , Wilson Ana , Norton Christine
Published: April 2023

Nurses working within any aspect of gastrointestinal nursing could benefit from a review of the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. This article aims to provide a refresher on the topic, enabling nurses to better recognise the cause of bowel changes and provide more effective care for people with bowel conditions
Living well with inflammatory bowel disease: a UK qualitative survey
Authors: Radford Shellie J , Sawyer Rachel
Published: April 2023

Background:

Chronic diseases, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pose a significant health challenge in the UK. Addressing the needs of chronically ill patients is one of the important tasks for healthcare systems. To provide optimal support to patients with IBD, it is crucial to gain insight into their priorities. This requires a comprehensive understanding of what matters most to them. By identifying their needs and concerns, we can develop effective strategies to improve their care.

Aim:

This survey aimed to investigate opinions and personal experiences in relation to what people think are the most important factors when living with IBD and what it means to live well with the condition.

Methods:

People of any age or gender living with IBD were invited via social media (Twitter) to complete an anonymous online survey, created using Microsoft Forms and comprising three free-text questions to gather in-depth data.

Results:

From 45 responses, 42 reported symptom burden to be the most impactful aspect of living with IBD, impacting on work, education, social and leisure activities, as well as sex and intimacy. While 26 participants reported that living well with IBD meant to achieve complete symptom resolution, more participants spoke about having manageable symptoms without fluctuation. Achieving a normal level of daily activity was also important to participants.

Conclusions:

Most participants considered the most impactful aspect of IBD to be symptom management, alongside daily tasks such as work, education, social and leisure activities. They also felt that living well with IBD meant resolving or improving management of symptoms. Further exploration of the magnitude of symptom resolution that would be acceptable or preferable for people living with IBD is warranted.
New nurse education standards
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: April 2023

Penny Harrison analyses the NMC's updated nursing and midwifery education standards
‘If you didn't chart it, you didn't do it’: a retrospective chart review of errors omission in endoscopy care
Authors: Rican TS , George Mini
Published: April 2023

Background:

Patients put themselves in the care of a competent healthcare team. Missed nursing care is a universal phenomemon, and endoscopy is no exception. Although endoscopic procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are usually minimally invasive, highest standards of nursing care and documentation are to be ensured for patient safety.

Aim:

This study aimed to identify and quantify the type and frequency of nursing care that was documented.

Methods:

A descriptive retrospective chart review was conducted after formal approval and ethics clearance at a tertiary hospital. Documentation on the nurses' records (n=717) for the period January to December 2019 that met the sampling criteria were audited for a full range of nursing care activities during endoscopy. Data was extracted using a validated (CVI 0.87-1), reliable (Kappa 0.83; ICC 0.98) data abstraction form. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

Of 47 care activities in each of 717 records, 41.5% were undocumented. More care went undocumented in the intra-procedure (56.1%) and post-procedure (54.2%) periods than the pre-procedure period (15.4%). The proportion of each activity going undocumented ranged widely from 0% to 100%.

Conclusion:

The findings demonstrate that many aspects of care related to endoscopy were not documented and thus likely omitted. Proper care and documentation can help identify and mitigate any harm to patients.
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS POLÍTICAS TERRITORIAIS VOLTADAS PARA A PROMOÇÃO DA AUTONOMIA DAS MULHERES NO TERRITÓRIO DO SISAL-BAHIA/2016-2019
Authors: Ana Francele da Silva Santos  , Vanessa da Silva Vieira
Published: April 2023

O objetivo geral desse plano de iniciação científica foi analisar o impacto das políticas territoriais voltadas para a promoção da autonomia econômica das mulheres no Território de Identidade do Sisal, o qual possui 24 municípios.
Essentials of Airway Management: The Best Tools and Positioning for First-Attempt Intubation Success
Authors:   Critical Care Medicine, San Diego, CA USA, Schmitz Evan
Published: April 2023

Head position during endotracheal intubation affects first-attempt success, as does the different tools available and the location. It is important to be skilled in the operation of a variety of laryngoscopes (video or direct) as well as introducers (plastic/steel stylets and bougies). Difficult airways should always be anticipated and proper preparation such as upper airway assessment performed. The following is a review of endotracheal intubations performed outside of the operating room.
Ultrasensitive enhanced Raman spectroscopy by hybrid surface-enhanced and interference-enhanced Raman scattering with metal-insulator-metal structures
Authors: Liu Kaipeng , Gong Tiancheng , Luo Yunfei , Kong Weijie , Yue Weisheng , Wang Changtao , Luo Xiangang
Published: April 2023

High-sensitivity, reproducible, and low-cost substrate has been a major obstacle for practical sensing application of surface-enhancement Raman scattering (SERS). In this work, we report a type of simple SERS substrate which is composed of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure of Ag nanoisland (AgNI)-SiO2-Ag film (AgF). The substrates are fabricated by only evaporation and sputtering processes, which are simple, fast and low-cost. By combining the hotspots and interference-enhanced effects in AgNIs and the plasmonic cavity (SiO2) between AgNIs and AgF, the proposed SERS substrate shows an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.83 × 108 with limit of detection (LOD) down to 10−17 mol/L for rhodamine 6 G (R6G) molecules. The EFs are ∼18 times higher than that of conventional AgNIs without MIM structure. In addition, the MIM structure shows excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 9%. The proposed SERS substrate is fabricated only with evaporation and sputtering technique and the conventionally used lithographic methods or chemical synthesis are not required. This work provides a simple way to fabricate ultrasensitive and reproducible SERS substrates which show great promise for developing various biochemical sensors with SERS.
NV microscopy of thermally controlled stresses caused by thin Cr2O3 films
Authors: Berzins Andris , Smits Janis , Petruhins Andrejs , Rimsa Roberts , Mozolevskis Gatis , Zubkins Martins , Fescenko Ilja
Published: April 2023

Many modern applications, including quantum computing and quantum sensing, use substrate-film interfaces. Particularly, thin films of chromium or titanium and their oxides are commonly used to bind various structures, such as resonators, masks, or microwave antennas, to a diamond surface. Due to different thermal expansions of involved materials, such films and structures could produce significant stresses, which need to be measured or predicted. In this paper, we demonstrate imaging of stresses in the top layer of diamond with deposited structures of Cr2O3 at temperatures 19°C and 37°C by using stress-sensitive optically detected magnetic resonances (ODMR) in NV centers. We also calculated stresses in the diamond-film interface by using finite-element analysis and correlated them to measured ODMR frequency shifts. As predicted by the simulation, the measured high-contrast frequency-shift patterns are only due to thermal stresses, whose spin-stress coupling constant along the NV axis is 21±1 MHz/GPa, that is in agreement with constants previously obtained from single NV centers in diamond cantilever. We demonstrate that NV microscopy is a convenient platform for optically detecting and quantifying spatial distributions of stresses in diamond-based photonic devices with micrometer precision and propose thin films as a means for local application of temperature-controlled stresses. Our results also show that thin-film structures produce significant stresses in diamond substrates, which should be accounted for in NV-based applications.
Reconfigurable mechano-responsive soft film for adaptive visible and infrared dual-band camouflage
Authors: Zhou Zhengui , Fang Yunsheng , Liu Rong , Hu Run , Zhou Jun , Hu Bin
Published: April 2023

Learning from nature in terms of the camouflage used by species has enabled the continuous development of camouflage technologies for the visible to mid-infrared bands to prevent objects from being detected by sophisticated multispectral detectors, thereby avoiding potential threats. However, achieving visible and infrared dual-band camouflage without destructive interference while also realizing rapidly responsive adaptivity to the varying background remains challenging for high-demand camouflage systems. Here, we report a reconfigurable mechano-responsive soft film for dual-band camouflage. Its modulation ranges for visible transmittance and longwave infrared emittance can be up to 66.3% and 21%, respectively. Rigorous optical simulations are performed to elucidate the modulation mechanism of dual-band camouflage and identify the optimal wrinkles required to achieve the goal. The broadband modulation capability (figure of merit) of the camouflage film can be as high as 2.91. Other advantages, such as simple fabrication and a fast response, make this film a potential candidate for dual-band camouflage that can adapt to diverse environments.
Musculoskeletal pain among desk-based officials of Bangladesh: Association with mental health and individual factors
Authors: Iqbal Ahmed Asif , Hasan Shahriar , Shahjalal Md , Shaha Rony , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Alam Mohammad Morshad
Published: April 2023

Musculoskeletal (MS) pain is widely prevalent and is an important health issue for desk-based employees which has a negative impact on both personal and work life. This study aimed to determine the MS pain status and its association with mental health and other individual factors among desk-based officials of Dhaka, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 526 desk-based officials from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected between November 2020 to March 2021. MS pain was determined by the visual analog scale (VAS) and depression and anxiety were screened by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on MS pain. The overall prevalence of MS pain was 64% among desk-based officials. The corresponding prevalence were 19% severe, 21% moderate and 24% mild MS pain. In the adjusted model, gender (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.46), BMI (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14–0.59), monthly income (AOR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.18–12.25), organization type (AOR: 4.3, 95% CI:1.8–10.1), floor living (AOR: 4.7, 95% CI:2.1–10.8), physical activity (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.45), and lift facility in the house (AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.06–8.23) were associated with MS pain. In addition, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 17.7% and 16.4%, respectively. Depression was identified as a significant predictor for severe MS pain (AOR: 2.44, 95%CI:1.29–4.63). This study has revealed a relatively high prevalence of MS pain and mental health problems among Bangladeshi desk-based officials. Preventive measures need to be taken from both organizational and personal sides to delimitate MS pain and mental health problems.
What are the barriers and facilitators to community handwashing with water and soap? A systematic review
Authors: Ezezika Obidimma , Heng Jennifer , Fatima Kishif , Mohamed Ayman , Barrett Kathryn
Published: April 2023

Handwashing with water and soap (HWWS) is an effective method of cleaning and disinfecting the surface of the hands. HWWS is effective in infection control and prevention transmission, such as in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, rates of handwashing compliance vary globally. This systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to community HWWS globally. We conducted a comprehensive search strategy in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus using keywords and subject headings related to handwashing. Studies were excluded if they reported hand hygiene among healthcare or food service workers, considered the use of alcohol rubs, or involved an intervention in a healthcare or food preparation setting. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and data were extracted from the articles and analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and inductive thematic analysis. The search strategy yielded a total of 11,696 studies, and 46 studies met the eligibility criteria. Study dates ranged from 2003 to 2020 and included 26 countries; the most frequently represented were Bangladesh, India, and Kenya. A total of 21 barriers and 23 facilitators to HWWS were identified and organized into the Theoretical Domains Framework. The most frequently cited domains were environmental context and resources, goals, and knowledge. Nine themes emerged from these barriers and facilitators: resource availability, cost and affordability, handwash station design and infrastructure, accessibility, gender roles, champions, health promotion, time management, and knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. This review uncovered multiple barriers and facilitators around a determinant framework to observe and create an in-depth, multidimensional image of a community-based hand hygiene situation. New comprehensive interventions and implementation strategies can be developed using the findings to target the contextual barriers and facilitators to improve and increase HWWS rates. Stakeholders (i.e., practitioners, researchers, policymakers) can use the findings to revise, design, or evaluate new or existing projects, interventions, and policies to improve HWWS.

Registration: A protocol for this systematic review was developed and uploaded onto the PROSPERO—International prospective register of systematic reviews database (Registration number: CRD42020221210).