bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of illness, risk factor and physical activity in cardiovascular disease- A review
Authors: Neelam N. Shazia , Saina Swathi , Senthil P. , Prakash P. Om
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular illness encompasses a group of diseases affecting the blood vessels and the structure of the heart, and it remains one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Over the years, the rate of death from cardiovascular diseases has shown a significant decline in several high-income countries, primarily due to reductions in risk factors and advancements in cardiovascular disease management. Nonetheless, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases remains substantial, with an estimated 55 million deaths occurring in 2017, out of which 17.7 million were attributed to cardiovascular disease. The focus of this review is to explore the burden of illness, risk factors, and physical activity levels in populations affected by cardiovascular diseases. Studies have identified 14 potentially modifiable risk factors that were strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, surpassing the significance of body mass index (BMI), as evidenced by the PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) study and prior research. While cardiovascular deaths have decreased in several developed countries, there has been a significant increase in low- and middle-income countries. Physical activity has emerged as a critical factor in reducing the risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events, regardless of the type of physical activity and other risk factors. The Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for Americans in 2008 recommended a range of moderate and vigorous physical activity and highlighted its inverse association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and incident CVD. Emphasizing the importance of physical activity, this low-cost approach holds tremendous potential in reducing deaths and cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. Overall, this review highlights the ongoing global challenge of cardiovascular diseases and underscores the importance of preventive measures, including promoting physical activity, to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of illness worldwide.
Diagnostic utility of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in south Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Narayanaswamy Naveetha Lakshmi , Ramanathan Freethi , Thiyagarajan Manjuladevi Moonishaa
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age group, conventionally diagnosed using multiple clinical and biochemical tests. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in PCOS.
 
Materials and Methods: The case control study involved 60 women of 18-40 years age, further grouped using Rotterdam criteria as cases with PCOS (n = 30) and controls without PCOS (n = 30). Study variables were compared between the groups using independent t-test. Correlation analyses were performed to predict the relationship of AMH with other PCOS determinants. Simple logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to determine the diagnostic utility of AMH.
 
Results: PCOS cases had increased levels of serum LH, testosterone, AMH, BMI, total antral follicular count (AFC), ovarian volume (OV) (p < 0.05*) than controls. Of all, serum AMH had the strongest association with PCOS (OR > 1, p < 0.05*) and showed considerable positive correlations with LH:FSH ratio, testosterone, AFC (r = 0.7768, p < 0.05*), OV (r = 0.7981, p < 0.05*). ROC analysis of AMH was significant (AUC = 0.966, p < 0.05*) with high sensitivity, specificity for cut points between 5.595 ng/mL and 5.90 ng/mL.
 
Conclusion: Elevated serum AMH levels were strongly associated with PCOS and correlated with its routine clinical determinants. Serum AMH estimation with cut-off between 5.595 ng/mL to 5.90 ng/mL, is proposed as a useful index for PCOS diagnosis.
A study of efficacy between interlaminar vs transforaminal approaches in symptomatic intervertebral disc herniations when treated with triamcinolone acetate
Authors: V. Kumar Dheeraj , Shetty Mithun , Bhandary Bhaskar , S. Manjunath
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: With lumbar disc herniations occurring in the population at a rate of 2-3%, low back pain is one of the most common chronic pain syndromes. Since 1952, patients with failed medical and conservative therapy for lumbar radiculopathy in presence or absence of discogenic back pain have been treated using epidural corticosteroid injections. Triamcinolone acetate, a local steroid, limits the inflammatory response. Interlaminar, transforaminal and caudal routes are various approaches for steroid injections. This study compared the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetate injections administered via an interlaminar vs. transforaminal method. The aim was to contrast the transforaminal technique and interlaminar approach to triamcinolone acetate's effectiveness in relieving pain.
 
Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 patients with low back pain are divided into two groups of 30 patients each and randomly allocated to receive care. Triamcinolone acetate solution, 40 mg, is used in each group. Interlaminar approach was chosen to inject the drug into the epidural space blindly, whereas through the transforaminal approach, the drug was delivered using dye with the help of fluoroscopic guidance. The outcome comprises evaluating pain reduction at the second and fourth weeks following the injection using a numerical scale and a verbal evaluation scale. Data was gathered after 15 minutes, at the 2nd and 4th week post injection.
 
Results: Patients who received triamcinolone acetate via transforaminal route experienced greater pain reduction in terms of NRS and VAS at the second week.
 
Conclusion: When comparing the NRS and VAS scores for pain alleviation, transforaminal is preferable to interlaminar because it delivers triamcinolone acetate to specific targets and is more successful than ILESI.
Utility of baseline D-dimer and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the severity among COVID-19 patients in an Indian cohort during the first wave of the pandemic
Authors: K. Reshma , H. B. Sridevi , Victor Dsouza Nikhil , K. Sudha , K. Vasavi , B. Unnikrishnan , Mithra Prasanna , Sudharkar Kotian Sannidhi , N. Khadilkar Urmila
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: COVID-19 outbreak was declared as pandemic by WHO Director-General on 11th March 2020 in his opening remarks at the media briefing. The global population infected by Corona virus appeared to be responding at different levels in the first wave which warranted WHO to categorise the disease as mild, moderate, and severe. Haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters played a crucial role in critically triaging and following-up disease progression. Amongst various laboratory parameters, this work aimed to identify the most specific marker in predicting disease severity.
 
Materials and Methods: Blood samples from study population of 510 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in our hospital were selected. The patients who were classified as having mild, moderate, and severe disease were analysed for biochemical and haematological inflammatory markers. Results were analysed by ANOVA and post-hoc tests. ROC curves were derived to determine the cut-off values between severe and non-severe groups. Correlation between D-dimer and NLR was done by Pearson’s correlation.
 
Results: Patients with co-morbidities were likely to develop severe complications which could lead to poor outcome. From ROC curves, we determine that NLR, with highest area under curve, is the best marker of disease severity. A significant positive correlation was found between D-dimer and NLR (p=0.000) across groups. Baseline cut-off values for D-dimer and NLR based to differentiate between severe and non-severe cases were 0.5 and 4.875 respectively.
 
Conclusion: We conclude that baseline NLR is a simple and most useful tool that would assist clinicians in designing treatment strategies for a COVID-19 infected patient.
Comparison of clinical effectiveness of propofol auto co-induction and midazolam propofol co-induction using the priming principle among patients undergoing surgeries
Authors: Chaparala Chethana , Subramanian Anand , Balasubramaniya Balamurugan
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Anaesthesia is a balance between adequate usage of anaesthetic drugs and the state of arousal of the patient. Inadequate dose of anaesthesia leads to increased incidence of awareness, while administration of generous drugs leads to complications such as hemodynamic instability and delayed recovery. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of propofol auto co-induction (PP) and midazolam propofol co-induction (PM) using the priming principle among patients undergoing surgeries.
 
Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized and comparative study, recruited 80 patients who were admitted for elective surgeries was carried out after the approval from institutional ethics committee approval and the trial was registered with the clinical trial registry-India (CTRI). Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: PP group, where patients received 0.4mg/kg of propofol and PM group, where patients received 0.05mg/kg of midazolam. This was followed by propofol induction (2 mg/kg)-10mg every 15 seconds until a BIS value of 45 was attained in both groups. The collected data was assessed for the normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A p-value greater than 0.05 (>0.05) was considered to check the normality. The Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse parametric data and non-parametric data before and after the intervention, respectively.
 
Results: The results depicted a significantly reduced requirement of propofol (induction dose) in the PM group.
 
Conclusion: Pre-dosing with Midazolam significantly decreases the induction dose (propofol) requirement without affecting hemodynamic stability.
Gene expression of Interleukin-10 and Foxp3 as critical biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: M. Kh Al-Jumaily Rakad , I. AL-Sheakli Iman , J. Muhammed Haidar , Abdullah Lafttah Al-Rubaii Bahaa
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are the key regulators controlling the activity of Treg cells, which are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance and reducing autoimmune reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential utility of elevated levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression as a diagnostic indicator in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
 
Materials and Methods: The study used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to examine the expression levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 transcripts in whole blood samples from Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A group of healthy control subjects were also included in the study.
 
Results: In blood samples taken from Iraqi patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, a statistically significant decrease (P 0.01) in the expression levels of the FOXP3 gene and a statistically significant elevation (P  0.01) of IL-10 expression were seen in contrast to the healthy control group.
 
Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis patients in Iraq may benefit from FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression tests. IL-10 and FOXP3 overexpression promotes T cell and immune system immunoreactivity.
Theoretical aspects of the technological classification of minimally invasive surgery in emergency surgery
Authors: Chapyev Myktybek , Abdyrahmanov Shayatbek , Toktogaziev Bakyt , Zhortuchiev Ruslan , Aknazarov Karimjan , Tagaev Tugolbai
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Since minimally invasive techniques are being used more and more, new information sources are popping up. This means that the features of the system of emergency abdominal minimally invasive surgery (MIS) need to be studied. The objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis of technological manipulations in minimally invasive techniques used in emergency MIS on the abdominal organs.
 
Materials and Methods: Using the classification approach, it is clear that the traditional paradigms of classical surgery have an effect on how modern information is used to describe how minimally invasive techniques are used in emergency abdominal MIS. A system's analysis, processing, and interpretation must be taken into account while evaluating it, including technological advances used in emergency abdominal surgery.
 
Results: We were able to discover that interventions during procedures can be made using one or more minimally invasive techniques, according to our classification analysis.
 
Conclusion: This leads us to the conclusion that it is wise to consider the mentioned part while developing new kinds of minimally invasive techniques. The proposed classification is sure to play a part in clinical practice by bringing up several minimally invasive techniques that are often used in emergency abdominal MIS.
Correlation of sdLDL-C with cardiometabolic risk indices in women with subclinical hypothyroidism– A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rani V. Samyuktha , M. S. Rukmini , M. Nandini , Prabhu K. Ashok
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) characterised by normal free thyroxine (FT4)­­, “free triiodothyronine (FT3)”, and raised serum TSH, is an early stage of mild thyroid hormone deficiency. A change in the lipid profile most often observed in SCH is mainly caused by increased serum levels of Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels can be normal or elevated. Studies on small dense Low Density Lipoprotein – Cholesterol (sdLDL-C), associated with CVD risk are few. The aim of this study was to estimate serum sdLDL-C and find its correlation with thyroid profile (FT4 and TSH) and cardiometabolic risk indicators in female subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism.
 
Materials and Methods: The study had 112 female participants in total. After screening, subjects were divided into two groups. Control group (euthyroid) and study group (SCH). Age, TSH, FT4, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, sdLDL-C & Lipid ratios “(TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C”, “Log TG/ HDL-C)” were examined and compared between the two groups.
 
Results: The correlation of sdLDL-C with TSH, FT4, lipid parameters & lipid ratios were studied. TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were not clinically significant. While sdLDL-C and lipid ratios had a statistical decrease, it was not clinically significant. A highly significant negative association between sdLDL-C, other lipid parameters, except HDL-C, lipid ratios are observed in the study group.
 
Conclusion: As anticipated, the current investigation did not demonstrate any statistically significant improvement in the sdLDL-C as a better predictor of CVD risk. No apparent lipid abnormalities were also seen in women, in the age group of 20-40 years as observed in the correlation studies. However, measurement of AIP along with FT4 would make a better assessment of CVD risk.
Pseudomembrane to nodule-gamut of ligneous conjunctivitis: A case report
Authors: Prabhakar Pavithra , Singh Varun Kumar , Rao Namratha , Menon Sudha Girish
Published: September 2023

Ligneous conjunctivitis is a type of chronic conjunctivitis characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes on the conjunctival surface. It can present as a part of a multisystem disease with involvement of other mucous membranes. A 1-year-old girl presented with features of conjunctivitis. Local examination revealed thick exudates in left tarsal conjunctiva, which was diagnosed as an ulcer with pseudomembrane and sterile culture. The patient presented with a nodular mass in the same site after a year, which showed a pseudomembrane along with sub- epithelial hyaline lobular deposits negative for Congo red, concurring a diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis. The patient was prescribed topical lubricating agents and regular follow up. Ligneous conjunctivitis is attributed to a deficiency of plasminogen, which plays a vital part in wound healing. The present case highlights the progression of pseudomembrane into a ligneous lesion in a child who was resisting medication and follows up.
A relação entre proprietários fundiários e promotores imobiliários na expansão urbana de Macaé-RJ
Authors: Da Silva Oseias Teixeira
Published: September 2023

A produção imobiliária articula de forma inextricável a indústria da construção civil e o mercado de terras e,consequentemente, a produção e o lucro àrenda. Assim, a mercadoria habitação tem sempre esse caráter particular, uma vez que se trata de um processo de produção que sempre exige um novo terreno para acontecer;sendo, portanto, sempre ancorado na relação entre promotor imobiliário e proprietário fundiário. Neste trabalho iremos abordar a produção imobiliária capitalista e faremos isto a partir da análise da relação entre o proprietário fundiário e o promotor imobiliário. Buscaremos, em um primeiro momento, analisar as características dessa relação e as contradições dela decorrentes para, em um segundo momento, a partir da interpretação de imagens de satélite, com a localização dos lançamentos imobiliários ocorridos na cidade de Macaé, entre 2010 e 2018, analisaremos as características gerais da relação entre proprietários fundiários e promotores imobiliários nesta cidade.
Diálogos em torno da temática africana e o currículo de formação docente em geografia
Authors: Mendes Raquel Almeida , Ratts Alex
Published: September 2023

O intuito do trabalho é discutir sobre formação de professores/as de Geografia ante o ensino da temática africana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada em técnicas de revisão bibliográfica e análise de ementas e planos de ensino. Nosso objetivo é averiguar o teor das ementas, abordagens geográficas e referenciais bibliográficos adotados, bem como compreender as concepções formativas sobre África dialogadas no processo de formação docente em Geografia e suas contribuições no tocante a desconstrução de estereótipos e enviesamentos. Os resultados da pesquisa nos denotaram que há maior destaque à percepção regionalista, por se tratar de uma região do mundo, diferenciada a nível de cultura, política e economia. Reiteramos nossa inquietação mediante à moderada discussão sobre ensino de geografia africana, haja vista que estamos dialogando sobre cursos de formação docente, o que nos remete a possíveis lacunas no processo de implementação da lei nº 10.639/03.
As Heranças da Modernidade e o Cheiro da Mulher Negra:
Authors: Da Silva Laís Gabriela , Pimentel Ivan Ignácio
Published: September 2023

Neste artigo buscamos [re]significar o cheiro da mulher negra. Inspirados a partir de Lélia Gonzalez, que “na boa”, fez a “voz do lixo ser ouvida”, ao longo do trabalho analisamos como a partir do cheiro do lixo, desde o Brasil Colônia, de forma paradoxal, os corpos negros vêm sendo desejados e ao mesmo tempo rejeitados. Em ambos os casos, mostramos que a perspectiva do animalizado e hipersexualizado, oriundos da modernidade, funciona como uma bússola que norteia a colonialidade do ser presente no nosso cotidiano, principal responsável pelas feridas que assolam diversas mulheres negras. Para desenvolvermos o trabalho, optamos em utilizar a metodologia de análise do conteúdo. Compreender o corpo da mulher negra a partir de herdeiros que cruzaram o Atlântico trazendo o cheiro da inteligência, da solidariedade e da intelectualidade é por nós considerado um importante passo para rompermos os grilhões da modernidade.
THE COVID-19 PERCEPTIONS AND ACTIONS: A STUDY OF THE GRADUATE STUDENTS IN TURBAT, KECH
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Hasan Gul , Tahir Mohammad
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a transforming disease caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). High fever, cough, sore throat, breath shortness, weariness, rhinorrhea, and dyspnea are the most common symptoms of COVID-19. These symptoms are not specific when compared to common pneumonia symptoms. Neurologic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection included myalgia, disorientation, anosmia, and ageusia. Some people experienced digestive issues, such as diarrhoea. The aim and objective of the current study was to check the knowledge, attitude and practices of the graduate students at District Kech. The quantitative research methodology was used to obtain a clear and succinct picture of students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices on COVID-19. Data were collected through structured questionnaire. 191 sample size acquired by applying Rao-soft sample size calculator. Stratified sampling technique for the distribution and allocation of the respondents was used. Findings of the research exhibited that graduate level students had a high level of knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 at district Kech. The gender, qualification and residential background of the students were positively correlated with knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19.
THE IMPACT OF GREEN HRM PRACTICES ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Gul Sana , Mahesar Hakim Ali , Bakari Haroon
Published: September 2023

Green HRM refers to field of research that covers all aspects & procedures of HRM with the aim of achieving environmental sustainability,due to more than 50 years of global industrialization, several organizations have met significant environmental performance challenges. The study main objective is to determine effects of green human resource practices on environmental consciousness in the Pakistani cities of Kotri and Jamshoro. These practices include green training, green performance management as well as green employee participation. Data collection was done using a non-probability method called convenience sampling. A totalof 130 questionnaires was distributed in Archroma & Farhan Pharmaceuticals companies of Jamshoro & Kotri, and Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan after receiving 93 questionnaires, each one was carefully reviewed to ensure that they were filled out properly and could be used for analysis. SPSS 22 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data, which also helped to create the model and evaluate the study's hypotheses. Results showed that adoption of green HRM practices significantly improved environmental consciousness. In addition to offering theoretical & practical consequences, research avenues are recommended. Since, study was only done in the setting of Sindh, the findings may not be generalizable to another Pakistani province.
ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOMES AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL THROUGH 360-DEGREE LEADERSHIP PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS
Authors: Khadim Madiha , Jamil Sadia , Naz Bushra
Published: September 2023

This article aims to investigate effect of 360-degree leadership performance appraisals on organizational outcomes at the elementary school level. The research design employed was causal-comparative & cross-sectional survey constituted data collection method. Over multi-staged sampling techniques, a sample of 576 teachers was thus selected from Lahore district. Two self- developed questionnaires, i.e., 360 º Leadership Appraisal Questionnaire (α =.82) and Organizational Outcomes Questionnaire (α =.81), were used as data collection instruments. The study results revealed that 360 º leadership performance appraisal positively affected the organizational outcomes at elementary schools. Both (360º performance appraisal and organizational outcomes) were correlated positively with coefficient (r=.25; p<0.01). The findings highlight importance of multi-dimensional and inclusive approach to performance appraisals, involving feedback from multiple perspectives, for effective leadership development as well as improved organizational performance. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of 360-degree leadership performance appraisals in the diverse educational settings and to address the potential challenges and limitations of the said approach.
UNRAVELING DIVIDEND PAYOUTS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CASH FLOW AND EARNINGS APPROACHES IN THE LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rafiq Shahid , Gul Maria
Published: September 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of dividend payouts in the banking sector, with specific focus on cash flow and earnings approaches. Study examines and tests the determinant variables of dividend payouts using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression method. Data for this analysis is collected from the audited financial reports of 50 manufacturing companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the five-year period from 2017 to 2021. Study's results reveal that firms tend to exhibit higher dividend payouts when they project high profitability growth, indicating a correlation between profitability and dividend payments. However, study did not find a significant effect of earnings per share on dividend per share, despite the positive impact of profitability on dividend payout. On the other hand, cash flow per share demonstrated positive and significant influence on dividend per share. These findings offer valuable insights for the investors and decision-makers, providing them with useful information for making investment choices. The analysis allows for an examination of the factors that affect dividend decisions. This research expands the understanding of how cash flow and earnings influence dividend payouts and enhances the theoretical foundation of dividend policy in context of listed manufacturing companies.
Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah)
Authors: CADTH
Published: September 2023

CADTH recommends that Kymriah be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) if certain conditions are met.

Kymriah should only be covered to treat adults who have grade 1, 2, or 3a FL whose disease did not respond to a second or later line of treatment, returned within 6 months after 2 or more treatments, or returned after an autologous stem cell transplant (SCT).

Kymriah should only be reimbursed for patients who have not already received a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, are in relatively good health, and the cost of Kymriah is reduced. Kymriah should be prescribed and administered by clinicians with expertise in blood cancers in a hospital setting with adequate resources to treat patients and manage side effects.
AVANÇOS TECNOLÓGICOS E EDUCAÇÃO: IMPACTOS E TRANSFORMAÇÕES
Authors: Ginane Mardonio , Azevedo Telma Lúcia de
Published: September 2023

O referido trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os principais desafios e dificuldades encontrados em relação à Educação Remota e a inclusão da tecnologia no cotidiano dos profissionais. Para uma compreensão aprofundada dos impactos da Educação Remota, recorremos à perspectiva dos próprios protagonistas do processo: os professores. Através de entrevistas com dois docentes, foi possível identificar e analisar os principais desafios e dificuldades enfrentadas por eles, durante o ensino remoto, bem como a valorização das tecnologias na promoção de uma aprendizagem mais eficaz e significativa. Espera-se, que este estudo contribua para o debate sobre o papel das tecnologias educacionais e seus impactos, bem como favoreça a reflexão e a busca de novos horizontes para um ensino mais inclusivo, eficaz e transformadora.
The influence of future changes in springtime Arctic ozone on stratospheric and surface climate
Authors: Chiodo Gabriel , Friedel Marina , Seeber Svenja , Domeisen Daniela , Stenke Andrea , Sukhodolov Timofei , Zilker Franziska
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone is expected to recover by the mid-century due to the success of the Montreal Protocol in regulating the emission of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). In the Arctic, ozone abundances are projected to surpass historical levels due to the combined effect of decreasing ODSs and elevated greenhouse gases (GHGs). While long-term changes in stratospheric ozone have been shown to be a major driver of future surface climate in the Southern Hemisphere during summertime, the dynamical and climatic impacts of elevated ozone levels in the Arctic have not been investigated. In this study, we use two chemistry climate models (the SOlar Climate Ozone Links – Max Planck Ocean Model (SOCOL-MPIOM) and the Community Earth System Model – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM)) to assess the climatic impacts of future changes in Arctic ozone on stratospheric dynamics and surface climate in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the 21st century. Under the high-emission scenario (RCP8.5) examined in this work, Arctic ozone returns to pre-industrial levels by the middle of the century. Thereby, the increase in Arctic ozone in this scenario warms the lower Arctic stratosphere; reduces the strength of the polar vortex, advancing its breakdown; and weakens the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The ozone-induced changes in springtime generally oppose the effects of GHGs on the polar vortex. In the troposphere, future changes in Arctic ozone induce a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, pushing the jet equatorward over the North Atlantic. These impacts of future ozone changes on NH surface climate are smaller than the effects of GHGs, but they are remarkably robust among the two models employed in this study, canceling out a portion of the GHG effects (up to 20 % over the Arctic). In the stratosphere, Arctic ozone changes cancel out a much larger fraction of the GHG-induced signal (up to 50 %–100 %), resulting in no overall change in the projected springtime stratospheric northern annular mode and a reduction in the GHG-induced delay of vortex breakdown of around 15 d. Taken together, our results indicate that future changes in Arctic ozone actively shape the projected changes in the stratospheric circulation and their coupling to the troposphere, thereby playing an important and previously unrecognized role as a driver of the large-scale atmospheric circulation response to climate change.
Long-term airborne measurements of pollutants over the United Kingdom to support air quality model development and evaluation
Authors: Mynard Angela , Kent Joss , Smith Eleanor R. , Wilson Andy , Wivell Kirsty , Nelson Noel , Hort Matthew , Bowles James , Tiddeman David , Langridge Justin M. , Drummond Benjamin , Abel Steven J.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The ability of regional air quality models to skilfully represent pollutant
distributions throughout the atmospheric column is important to enabling
their skilful prediction at the surface. This provides a requirement for
model evaluation at elevated altitudes, though observation datasets
available for this purpose are limited. This is particularly true of those
offering sampling over extended time periods. To address this requirement
and support evaluation of regional air quality models such as the UK Met
Offices Air Quality in the Unified Model (AQUM), a long-term, quality-assured dataset of the three-dimensional distribution of key pollutants was collected over the southern United Kingdom from July 2019 to April
2022. Measurements were collected using the Met Office Atmospheric Survey
Aircraft (MOASA), a Cessna 421 instrumented for this project to measure
gaseous nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and fine-mode (PM2.5)
aerosol. This paper introduces the MOASA measurement platform, flight
strategies and instrumentation and is not intended to be an in-depth
diagnostic analysis but rather a comprehensive technical reference for
future users of these data. The MOASA air quality dataset includes 63 flight sorties (totalling over 150 h of sampling), the data from which are
openly available for use. To illustrate potential uses of these upper-air
observations for regional-scale model evaluation, example case studies are
presented, which include analyses of the spatial scales of measured
pollutant variability, a comparison of airborne to ground-based observations over Greater London and initial work to evaluate performance of the AQUM regional air quality model. These case studies show that, for observations of
relative humidity, nitrogen dioxide and particle counts, natural pollutant
variability is well observed by the aircraft, whereas SO2 variability
is limited by instrument precision. Good agreement is seen between
observations aloft and those on the ground, particularly for PM2.5.
Analysis of odd oxygen suggests titration of ozone is a dominant chemical
process throughout the column for the data analysed, although a slight
enhancement of ozone aloft is seen. Finally, a preliminary evaluation of
AQUM performance for two case studies suggests a large positive model bias
for ozone aloft, coincident with a negative model bias for NO2 aloft.
In one case, there is evidence that an underprediction in the modelled
boundary layer height contributes to the observed biases at elevated
altitudes.
Spatiotemporal variability in pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf between 2014 and 2022
Authors: Gibb Olivia , Cyr Frédéric , Azetsu-Scott Kumiko , Chassé Joël , Childs Darlene , Gabriel Carrie-Ellen , Galbraith Peter S. , Maillet Gary , Pepin Pierre , Punshon Stephen , Starr Michel
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) was established by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in 1998 with the aim of monitoring physical and biological ocean conditions in Atlantic Canada in support of fisheries management.
Since 2014, at least two of the carbonate parameters (pH; total alkalinity, TA; and dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) have also been systematically measured as part of the AZMP, enabling the calculation of derived parameters (e.g., carbonate saturation states, Ω, and partial pressure of CO2, pCO2).
The present study gives an overview of the spatiotemporal variability in these parameters between 2014 and 2022.
Results show that the variability in the carbonate system reflects changes in both physical (e.g., temperature and salinity) and biological (e.g., plankton photosynthesis and respiration) parameters.
For example, most of the region undergoes a seasonal warming and freshening.
While the former will tend to increase Ω, the latter will decrease both TA and Ω.
Spring and summer plankton blooms decrease DIC near the surface and then remineralize and increase DIC at depth in the fall.
The lowest pCO2 values (down to ∼ 200 µatm) are located in the cold coastal Labrador Current, whereas the highest values (>1500 µatm) are found in the fresh waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence Estuary.
The latter is also host to the lowest pH values of the zone (7.48 in the fall of 2022).
Finally, most of the bottom waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (>90 %) are undersaturated with respect to aragonite (Ωarg<1).
In addition to providing a baseline of carbonate parameters for the Atlantic Zone as a whole, this comprehensive overview is a necessary and useful contribution for the modelling community and for more in-depth studies.
The full dataset of measured and derived parameters is available from the Federated Research Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.20383/102.0673 (Cyr et al., 2022a).
The Role of Three-Dimensional Custom Printing in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Southland Hospital, Kew, New Zealand, Kim Katy , Sandiford Nemandra A. ,   Joint Reconstruction Unit, Southland Hospital, Kew, New Zealand
Published: September 2023

Acetabular revision accounts for approximately 18% of all total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures. This was the third most common reason for THA revision in 2020. One of the unique challenges faced by reconstruction surgeons performing revision THAs is the issue of acetabular bone loss. The aim of this paper is to present the role of custom acetabular reconstruction with marked bone loss for undergoing revision THA, using a local case study as an example. We described utilization of custom components to address the highly complex cases with Paprosky classification of III and above. Recent studies have shown comparable clinical results to conventional methods and improvement of postoperative patient-rated outcome scores. However, larger clinical trials focusing on the long-term outcomes in comparison to off-the-shelf components in complex acetabular revisions would be of merit.
UNVEILING THE EFFICACY OF VIRTUAL AND IN-PERSON PRESENTATIONS IN DELIVERING TEACHING MATERIAL: AN ANALYSIS ACROSS TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM AND ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Darmuh Muthia Mutmainnah , Utami R Winda Ayu , Kadar Annisa Syauqina
Published: September 2023

This study discusses the perspectives of lecturers in the Mandarin for Business Communication and Professional Department at Bosowa University on the effectiveness of both virtual and in-person presentations in the context of online and traditional classroom environments. The research explores their perceptions, experiences, and strategies as they integrate virtual presentations into their teaching methods during the start of the semester in 2023, while also investigating their readiness to adapt to different instructional approaches, including the potential transition to fully offline classes. Findings highlight the advantages of virtual presentations, such as the use of multimedia tools and digital resources to enhance the learning experience and accommodate diverse learning styles, as well as the convenience of recorded lectures for self-paced learning. Conversely, the study underscores the benefits of face-to-face interactions, fostering dynamic and spontaneous engagement, particularly in facilitating hands-on learning experiences and group activities. Technical challenges in virtual presentations and assessing student comprehension were identified as areas requiring attention. The study emphasizes the need for educators to adapt teaching strategies to capitalize on the unique strengths of each method and proposes instructional approaches, such as flipped learning, to optimize student engagement and participation in both virtual and traditional presentations. By contributing to the ongoing discourse on effective pedagogy, this research aims to enhance the quality of online and offline education, preparing lecturers and students for the demands of the dynamic and technology-driven learning environment
TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR BY USING DEDUCTIVE METHOD THROUGH GROUP WORK
Authors: Merla Merla
Published: September 2023

The objective of this research is undertaken to see whether the deductive method in teaching English grammar by using the group work technique has a positive effect on the academic achievement of the students of Dual System Class B at Politeknik ATI Makassar, expecially for students. Using deductive method with the help of group work played a positive role in improving the academic achievement of students who studying English at Dual System class. This method with the help of group work has improved the score Pre-test  (60.9000) and Post-test (86.2000). This method also can improve students’ grammar in use, motivate students in learning grammar and as an effective method in teaching grammar. This research as also change what people think that deductive method  often make the learners’ role rather passive as much of the attention is only focused on the teacher explaining the rules and showing the examples.
Accuracy and safety of deep brain stimulation assisted by a neurosurgical robot attachable to the operating table
Authors: Cheon Subin , Jo Inje , Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan , Cho Kyung Rae , Lee Jung-Il
Published: September 2023

Objective: Neurosurgical robots have recently been introduced to assist in guiding trajectories to achieve accurate targeting. This study investigated the accuracy of robot-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) compared with conventional DBS using the Leksell arc system.Methods: Between October 2020 and September 2021, 29 patients underwent DBS using the Leksell arc system, while from October 2021 to August 2022, 20 patients underwent DBS using a neurosurgical robot system (KYMERO; Koh Young Technology). Radial errors, total operative time (surgery time, preparation time), and clinical outcomes were compared between both groups through a retrospective analysis. Results: Radial errors were significantly smaller in robot-assisted DBS (1.63±0.39 mm vs. 1.01±0.39 mm, p<0.01). Furthermore, the error of the second implantation was smaller than in the Leksell DBS group (0.216 vs. 0.005 mm, p<0.001). The total operative time of DBS with Leksell frame was 3.47 hours (range, 2.38-5.85 hours) and the surgery time was 2.21 hours (range, 1.08-4.67 hours), while the total operative time in the robot group was 3.92 hours (range, 2.75-5.85 hours) and the surgical time was 2.60 hours (range, 1.02-4.67 hours) (p=0.055, p=0.258, respectively). The clinical outcome did not show a significant difference according to the surgical method.Conclusion: DBS with a robot-assisted system enables the accurate and consistent insertion of DBS electrodes with a lower error rate than the conventional method.
A Study of Linguistic and Narrative Techniques of Mama Hissa’s Mice: Focusing on the Description of Sectarian Conflict
Authors:   The Institute of Middle East, Baek Hye-Won , Hwang Yui-Hyun
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this study is to analyze the novel Mama Hissa’s Mice of the Kuwait writer Suʿūd al-Sanʿūsī and to identify the messages and themes that the author is trying to convey, focusing on how the writer presents sectarian conflicts. For this purpose, this study first arranges the main motifs and events in the novel to understand the overall narrative and process of intensification and development of conflict between characters. The various narrative techniques, linguistic discourses and symbols used by the author to describe the conflict are dealt with in this study. The study finds that linguistic discourses and symbols used by the characters in the novel to define, otherize, and attack the other sect are based on conflicting historical memories between sects.
Recomendaciones para el desarrollo de la economía del hidrógeno en Colombia. Una estrategia nacional de hidrógeno
Authors:   Universidad de la Sabana, Cobo Ángel Martha Isabel , Bustamante Londoño Felipe ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Briceño Chaves Andrés Mauricio ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Quiroga Colmenares Eliana Marcela ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Sánchez Cardozo John Alexander ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Domínguez Cardozo Sara ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Rodríguez Fontalvo David Ricardo ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Riveros Melo Paula Natalia ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Manrique Torres Juan Manuel ,   Universidad de la Sabana, Galvis Mora Felipe ,   Universidad de la Sabana
Published: September 2023

Este libro presenta los resultados de la evaluación de prospectiva para la inclusión de tecnologías basadas en hidrógeno en el contexto colombiano y el análisis de la contribución del hidrógeno al cumplimiento de los compromisos de reducción de emisiones de gases efecto invernadero establecidos en el país. Para ello, se analizan el desarrollo y los costos de tecnologías de producción y uso de hidrógeno y tecnologías habilitantes con alto potencial de implementación en el país en el periodo 2022-2050. A partir del planteamiento y la simulación de las estrategias de inserción del hidrógeno en el contexto económico colombiano, se proponen recomendaciones de política pública para la inclusión del hidrógeno en la matriz energética. Esta publicación es útil para profesionales e investigadores del sector energético, así como para el público general interesado en conocer alternativas para la implementación de tecnologías verdes en el país.
Theoretical Discussions on China’s Rise in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Li Ka Leung Andy
Published: September 2023

The rise of China in the 21st century has triggered long-lasting debates and has evolved into one of the most popular and heated topics in contemporary international relations (IR) scholarship. The key query on China’s rise is how it will interact with the rest of the world. This paper discusses China’s rise by engaging with the mainstream theoretical discussions in IR from the three schools of thought—liberalism, realism, and constructivism. From an analytical perspective, this paper examines these existing theoretical discussions on the rise of China, evaluates their arguments, and compares their reasoning logic. Finally, this paper suggests that China being a revisionist power is often an overexaggerated claim lacks convincing evidence. In fact, throughout the years, China’s behaviors in global governance imply a tendency to climb-up within the existing status quo, rather than overthrowing or replacing it.
Maternità e migrazione. Uno studio qualitativo su giovani madri immigrate in Italia
Authors: Valtolina Giovanni Giulio , Tamanza Giancarlo , Gennari Maria Luisa
Published: September 2023

Giovanni Giulio Valtolina, Giancarlo Tamanza, Maria Luisa Gennari Giovanni Giulio Valtolina1, 2, Giancarlo Tamanza1, Maria Luisa Gennari1 - 1 Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano 2 Società Italiana di Psicologia Pediatrica (SIPPED)
Análise comparativa da transmissão vertical do HIV nos últimos 5 anos no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Araujo Dmitri Da Silva Gobbi , Castro Beatriz de Oliveira e , Araujo Luan Carlos Zangrando de , Marques Bruna Leite , Menezes Pedro Henrique de Moraes Ramos , Zangrando Raquel Goncalves
Published: September 2023

Introdução: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é responsável por atacar o sistema imunológico, principalmente os linfócitos TCD4. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, no estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), entre 2018 e 2022, foram registrados 106 casos de gestantes positivas para o HIV e transmissão vertical do vírus. Pacientes soropositivas podem transmitir o vírus para o feto durante a gravidez e amamentação, tornando o cuidado pré-natal, durante o parto e pós-parto essencial. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise comparativa da relação entre os casos de gestantes soropositivas e a transmissão vertical do HIV no período de 2018 a 2022, no RJ, a fim de contribuir para a implementação de medidas de prevenção de novos casos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo que utilizou dados do Departamento de HIV/aids, Tuberculose, Hepatites Virais e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DVIAHV), referentes aos anos de 2018 a 2022, no RJ. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de gestantes HIV+ notificadas nesse período, notificações de transmissão vertical no RJ e raça. Não foi necessária a aprovação de um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, uma vez que os dados utilizados são de acesso público. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados utilizando-se o programa Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Durante o período analisado, foram diagnosticados 4.593 casos de gestantes com HIV positivo no estado do RJ. Em relação à raça dessas mulheres, 840 eram brancas (18,28%), 1.126 eram pretas (24,51%), 2.251 eram pardas (49,01%), 27 eram amarelas (0,58%), 2 eram indígenas (0,04%) e 347 não tiveram sua raça identificada (7,55%). Além disso, foram registrados 106 casos de transmissão vertical de HIV/aids nesse período. Em relação à raça dos casos de transmissão vertical, 30 eram pessoas brancas (28,30%), 34 eram pardas (32,07%), 20 eram pretas (18,86%), 1 era amarela (0,94%), 1 era indígena (0,94%) e 20 casos (18,86%) não tinham informações sobre a raça. Conclusão: Observou-se que há número significativo de gestantes HIV+ entre mulheres pretas e pardas. Além disso, constatou-se uma proporção considerável de casos de transmissão vertical entre pessoas pretas e pardas, ressaltando também a alta porcentagem de indivíduos sem informação sobre a raça. Esses achados indicam que a autoidentificação racial e a falta de informação sobre a raça podem impactar a notificação adequada dos casos, prejudicando a análise epidemiológica e sociodemográfica. Assim, é possível que a porcentagem de gestantes HIV+ da raça preta esteja subestimada devido à subnotificação. A avaliação epidemiológica e sociodemográfica pode ser comprometida devido à falta de informações sobre raça em alguns casos.