bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sustainable Design Technologies in Babylonian Architecture
Authors: Abdulahaad Enas Salim
Published: August 2020

The sustainability as a concept does not require a change in the quality of life as much as it requires a change in ideas and rationality towards ways of living that are less consumed and continuous for the longest possible period, which has made sustainability the most prominent evidence of sustainability in real terms. In it as a concept it has successfully implemented and in its various functional patterns (houses - temples and ziggurat - palaces, castles and forts), the study’s goal is Distinguishing sustainability indicators in Babylonian architecture to reveal their operational indicators that made them continue successfully For centuries, archaeological discoveries have also confirmed. To achieve the goal, the research developed a methodology that was adopted clarifying the implementation indicators for sustainability in Babylonian architecture, which has emerged at the level of the environmental context to confront the environment and interact with it and preserve its resources. It singled out a vocabulary group that represented operational indicators that the ancient Babylonians worked and continued to develop, through selected models were analysed after the historical analytical survey of Babylonian architecture and its various functional patterns, research concluded that implementation of sustainability has been linked to several stages, starting from the planning to the smallest details, which have always produced positive results and as little as possible from the failures that are negligible compared to the gains obtained from them environmentally, economically and socially. Research determined detail indicators to build theoretical framework of Babylonian architecture sustainability for developed recommendations to improve the application of Sustainable concept in contemporary architecture.
Self-sufficiency and its role in the sustainability of exhibition buildings
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Saad
Published: August 2020

The exhibition buildings are characterized by a great functional importance due to the profitable results they obtain through marketing, cultural exchanges, and other activities. Throught out the increase in competition, which accompanied by promotional and innovative methods to achieve greater revenue, it was found that the exhibition design began to be affected architecturally. Many attempts was made to reduce the consumption and operational cost of the exhibition, and environmental impacts to create an interactive environment through advanced technologies as an advanced method of presentation. As a result of sustainable exhibitions, the previous knowledge touched on the dimensions of sustainability and how to achieve them for the self-sufficiency of the exhibition buildings, nonetheless, the insufficiency of comprehensive knowledge emerged about the relationship of the concept of self-sufficiency with the sustainability of the exhibition buildings, so the research problem focused on “ the need to clarify the role of self-sufficiency in achieving sustainability within the exhibition buildings”, and focuses on the goal of searching to clarify that relationship, which requires a three-stage approach. The first is to build a theoretical framework on the concept of self-sufficiency and its indicators within the exhibition buildings and explore the dimensions and concepts of sustainability associated with self-sufficiency, including (off-grid building, pre-manufacturing, interactive technologies and virtual reality, etc…) and the second examines the vocabulary extracted within selected samples of sustainable exhibitions, to be a third discussion the findings and conclusions that enhance the theoretical framework for the concept of self-sufficiency.
Manifestations of Growing in Contemporary Architecture
Authors: Saleh Saif K , Jaafar Ali M
Published: August 2020

The concept of employing bioinspired, eco-friendly architecture has attracted the interest of architects, material scientists, as well as researchers in the field of Biomimetics. Inspiration of nature is carried out as a guiding spirit and it creates an advanced field by (direct and indirect) mimicking and observing or Biomimicry, as a tradition of lifestyle. In the field of architecture, looking at nature and living beings and seeking solutions in them is of great value, which is useful in reducing design problems to a minimum, and choosing the most appropriate materials for it. Nature is a great permanent factory with aesthetic aspects. For all of that, it was possible to find solutions for the design by mimicking the growth characteristics of living beings, as one of the solutions that can be adopted to maintain context and access to the community, thus achieving sustainability.

Moreover, architecture inspired by living beings has the characteristic of livelihood (bio-architecture) and has the ability to provide good job spaces at a reasonable cost in an ecofriendly way. However, the methods of transportation from the organism as (growth) to architecture are still less reliable since the architects do not realize the real possibilities of these methods. Still, the problem of the current research from that emerged represented by “the unclear of the role of growth characteristics in achieving functional and environmental sustainability in contemporary architecture”. The aim of the research is to “reveal the role of these characteristics in achieving functional development and environmental sustainability of contemporary architecture” depending on what the technician provided of digital for transferring these properties to architecture and finding different solutions according to changing needs over time and to produce sustainable (bio)architecture. The first step to answer this problem was building a theoretical framework for the aspects of growth and the methods for transferring it to architecture. Then the applying it to two selected projects to touch on the results and conclusions of the study.
Nature Simulation in Iterative Systems of Contemporary Structures
Authors: Al-Ansari Tahreer M. S. , Al-Moqaram Asmaa.M.H.
Published: August 2020

Contemporary architectural structure characterized by some features that have a similarity with the structures of the past periods, one of these features is Iteration. The sources of this concept, its strategies, and its generated system differed from contemporary to traditional architecture in previous studies, especially between the building structure and its skin. One of these strategies called Nature simulation or” Biotic Structures”. The research problem stipulated the” The need to clarify the relationship of Iteration system within nature simulation strategy between architectural form and its structure”. To solve the problem, three steps were conducted, - after identifying the definition of Iteration and Iteration systems and critique of previse studies -: First, Establish a theoretical framework about Iteration systems indicators within this strategy, second, investigating the nature of relationship levels of these systems between the outer skin and the structure created through an practical study on selected samples that fall into three different functional types, and third: analyze the results and determine the conclusions.
The Role of Brick in Determining Features of Iraqi Architecture
Authors: Al-Assadi Fawzia Irhayyim , Al-Dewachi Mumtaz Hazim
Published: August 2020

The issue of local architectural identity remains an urgent need especially in the era of globalization. Factors that have significant contribution in determining identity include the potentiality of local building materials due to their influence on architectural works through ages based on the fact that building materials were produced from natural resources which are highly related to locational and environmental circumstances.

The brick was the most dominant material in Iraqi architecture since the ancient Mesopotamian achievements. This came from brick’s aesthetic and expressive aspects inherent in its content. The brick, with its regular structure and measurements, was the main means of creating a variety of Iraqi buildings that were established to attend the bricks and made it a global building material.

In spite of the fact that brick showed high structural, environmental and aesthetic potentialities, which proved their success through various experiments in Iraq, no adequate studies are carried on to explore this. The objective of this paper is to highlight the potentiality of brick as the dominant building material in Iraq for ages. A sample of modern and contemporary architectural works are selected to assess the Iraqi brick work aesthetic, environmental and structural aspects as an identity features.
Studying Flexibility and Adaptability as Key Sustainable Measures for Spaces in Dwelling Units: A Case Study in Baghdad
Authors: Aziz Sura S. , Alobaydi Dhirgham , Salih Amna BM
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the functional flexibility as a sustainable design option used in housing. Family medium size has been grown and their needs of social and economic conditions have changed. In order to satisfy these needs, spatial layouts of their housing have developed or modified. Flexibility that is the capacity of spatial adaptation of development has considered as a useful sustainable option in the existing design. Since 2003, there is still a clear problem of covering the rapidly escalating demand on dwellings in Baghdad, the existing housing has been suffered from the densification, although the small capacity of spaces and fixed-designs. In addition to that, a trend of building dwelling units based on the retail sales of lands has been widely adopted from people to meet their dwelling needs. This paper thus answers the question:how can Iraqi dwelling occupants evaluate the flexibility and adaptability as key sustainable measures in their own homes? Methodology used a case study approach, Baghdad, Iraq has been selected for the case study, cooperated with the questionnaire technique to examine a set of apartments and homes. Results have shown that dwellers preferred the functional modification based on the inner space to meet the flexibility, but they have never relied on the flexibility as a sustainable tool of design.
Investigate the Sustainable Efficient Spaces in Islamic Inheritance Houses
Authors: Mohammed Wasan Maki , Al Nuaimi Saad Fawzi Tuama
Published: August 2020

Due to the changes are generally happened in the architecture and the architectural design process, and especially in the inheritance houses design fields. Because of the large increase in the demands for houses in the world. In Addition to that, the imported concepts and shapes from the foreign architecture in the Islamic Arabic architecture. The Islamic inheritance houses had suffered from the problem of contemporary transformations and threat urban structure. For the previous reasons this research will discuss the research problem which is; what are the characteristics of sustainable efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The research objective is to explore the sustainable traditional efficient elements to use it in the contemporary hosing; to sustain the Islamic traditional heritage and Islamic identity. This Study has a try to investigate the pheno-type and geno-type of the sustainable efficient spaces of Islamic inheritance houses (tradition inheritance houses). Research methodology will be inductive method through making surveying for the efficient spaces in selected traditional cases study in Arabian cities. Five distinguished inheritance houses in Bahrain as cases study have been selected: “Sheikh Issa Ibin ali Inheritance houses”, “Seiady Inheritance houses in Moharaq”, “the inheritance houses of Sheikh Salmaan”, “the inheritance houses of Ahmed Khalaf” and “the inheritance houses of Yusuf Redha in Manama”. These five inheritance houses are similar to many Islamic inheritance houses in Arabian cities and they are the most Islamic traditional reputed inheritance houses in the Gulf area. The study has try to investigate pheno-type, geno-type for the efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The study finds number of pheno-types, genotypes and another characteristic for sustainable efficient elements. The research finds that; the genetic features in the Islamic selected inheritance houses have three efficient spaces. The efficient spaces are “specific, specific-general and general”. Those spaces are opened to a certain courtyard, or they are sharing the same one. And probably one of the previous spaces has more than one courtyard. So; there are clear separation for these efficient spaces in the Islamic inheritance houses, through the concept of the hierarchy from (Specific spaces) then (Specific-General spaces) then to the (General spaces). All selected inheritance houses have another characteristic; they have the fact that the privacies in the ground floor is less than the privacy in the first floor.
Predicting the future growth depending on GIS and IDRISI program, city of Najaf-Iraq
Authors: Sabree Ali Amna Hussain , Amany A. Kh , Jalil Mustafa.Abdul.
Published: August 2020

This study aims to employ modern spatial simulation models to predict the future growth of Al-Najaf city for the year 2036 by studying the change in land use for the time period (1986-2016) because of its importance in shaping future policy for the planning process and decision-making process and ensuring a sustainable urban future, using Geographical information software programs and remote sensing (GIS, IDRISI Selva) as they are appropriate tools for exploring spatial temporal changes from the local level to the global scale. The application of the Markov chain model, which is a popular model that calculates the probability of future change based on the past, and the Cellular Automata (CA) model determines the spatial location of the change. CA-Markov is known as a more effective way to model simulation of temporal and spatial change. Space images have been relied upon by applying models for the information they provide on the reality of the state of land uses, which can help in understanding the engines and dynamics of land transformation and forecasting future economic and environmental impacts.
Studying Sustainable Actions of Syntactic Structures of Historic Hit Citadel: A Morphological Approach
Authors: Mohammed Lina Raad , Alobaydi Dhirgham
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the morphological changes of Historic Citadel in Hit, Iraq, in relation to the changes in syntactic properties of street networks and land use distribution during the last century. Founded before 1600 BC, Historic Hit Citadel (HHC) has been considered as one of the most important fortified cores in Iraq. It consists of a rich variety of urban structures representing different historic periods of the city history. However, HHC was continuously deteriorated by a lack of urban development programs and maintenance processes since 1900s. The study thus covers the three remarkable changes of HHC in order to find proper sustainable actions for developing this historic site and to promote programs of economic diversity as a sustainable agenda. Methods use space syntax techniques and measures to describe the accessibility and connectivity of street networks based on syntactic properties of the built environment. Generated maps of syntactic structures helped to identify the integration and segregation urban areas on the city map. A discussion of the implications of integration areas, needed to be improved, and segregation areas, required to be developed, was conducted. Results have shown where the integrated and segregated cores were located and so helped to provide general improvements by adopting new activities, developing the existing spatial quality of the built environm.
Estimation and Analysis of Costs for Electrical Power Transmission Lines in Iraqi Projects
Authors: Hatem Wadhah A. , Erzaij Kadhim R.
Published: August 2020

With the increased demand for energy and lack of organised strategies in the generation sector, the challenges in this sector in Iraq still negatively affect macro-economic aspects. It is necessary to support the infrastructure of the electrical industry to cover any rising energy demands and the required related transfer process to reliably meet consumer demands. In this paper, the cost of energy-line transfer elements was considered with the aim to optimise the cost of capital. As the majority of economic energy studies have found, power transmission lines that use project management methodologies and scientific predictions for cost achieved reasonable financial savings in capital costs. Improving the process of designing and planning electrical power transmission lines is a complex issue due to diverse factors affecting the established costs. The primary goal of this study is to prepare a cost model of electrical Iraqi projects, including the local required factors related to the implementation costs based on the intensive review of the design areas of power transmission lines and the challenges of erecting and operating these lines. The possible steps and computation model are established to overcome the calculation challenges, where procedures are suitable to the terrain and the local requirements for economic transportation lines.
Forming of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels
Authors: Hassan Weaam Adil , Ameen Hani Aziz , Alsabti Haidar Akram
Published: August 2020

In this study, aluminum foam was fabricated using sintering and dissolution process (SDP). Aluminum powder with a particle size (2.88μm) prepared as a raw material was mixed with NaCl with a particle size between (150-800μm) used as a space holder at different ratio (30, 40, 50 and 60) wt. % and compacted at 200 MPa followed by sintering at 650° C for 2 hrs. The sintered samples were placed into hot water for 10 hrs to dissolve NaCl particles. Uniaxial compression test was carried out to determine the foam structure influence on plastic deformation and the damage in the Al foam. It has been using optical microscope, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) to investigate the pores. The properties of Al-foam were improved by extrusion process. The foam porosity is increased from (35%) to (41%).It was found that the extrusion process formed isolated pores with thicker walls than cell walls with interconnected pores to expand the use of foamed aluminum for application. EDS investigated that the ratio of NaCl is decreased after extrusion process for the Al-foam. SEM observed the distance between the pores of Al-foam is decreased after extrusion process.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shot-Peening and Solidification Effects on the Endurance Limit of Composite Material
Authors: Abdulla Fadhel Abbas
Published: August 2020

This work studied experimentally and numerically the effect of the shot-peening on the properties of fatigue of composite materials during the solidification period of composite material. Different two type of composite material have been investigated, woven (matt) reinforcement E-fiber glass with matrix epoxy resin, the second type made from random reinforcement E-fiber glass with matrix epoxy resin. Different shot peening times and also different times of solidification have been studied in this work. The experimental work includes calculating the mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and the ultimate tensile stress) using the tensile test, also calculating the fatigue stress using the fatigue test. The numerical verification was done using ANSIS\ Workbench.15 to obtain the S-N curves of the composite material. The result shows, the best enhancement in fatigue strength had been 95% and 33.78% for matt reinforcement material and random reinforcement material respectively, both types have the best improvement at 6 minutes shot peening time (SPT) and on two days of solidification. The numerical verification shows an agreement with the experimental results of the S-N curves, in which the maximum percentage error between the experimental and numerical results does not exceed 12 % and 15.12% for the matt reinforced material and for the random reinforced material respectively.
Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties development with Ti, Cr, or Ni addition for low carbon steel butt joints
Authors: Abbas Naseer M , Al-Nadawi Ayad Khudhair , Hassan Kharia S
Published: August 2020

Welding is one of the most important industrial process, therefore many practical techniques are developed to obtain an efficient and cost effective welding for different kind of metals. In this research, the microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of welded joints using TIG welding were studied for 1020 AISI low carbon steel. Titanium, Chromium, or Nickel powder were added to the welded joint one at a time by paste it with paraffin wax in the form of a thin layer. The welds were conducted and tested, then results were compared with and without adding Ti, Cr, or Ni metal powder. The welding process was done at a constant DC current (200 Amps. and 20 Volts) using weld filler metal type ER70S-3. Tests results showed that the tensile strength of the welded joint without adding metal powders was approximately 2% higher than the tensile strength of the base metal. Additionally, the tensile strength enhanced by approximately 27%, 21%, and 2% for Titanium, Nickel, and Chromium metal powder addition to the welded joints respectively. The bending strength values for all welded joints were also higher than the base metal. Furthermore, the hardness values were increased in the welded zone for all specimens. This can be attributed to the difference in the behavior of each metal powder at high temperature. The obtained results provide an experimental reference for the development of a new welding technique. It can be used in practical welding applications to obtain the desired properties using a suitable metal powder or a combination of them.
Gait Cycle Ground Reaction Force Measurement Using Piezoelectric Sensor Attached to Shoe-Insole System
Authors: Kubba Ammar I , Ameen Ahmed A
Published: August 2020

This study presents a wearable system that mainly consisted of piezoelectric sensors, filter circuit and data logger in order to measure the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and study its profile. The proposed system establishes base information to improve the portable gait analysis systems and make them easier in use also to be able to get more outdoor data. The experiments were done by a young healthy person without physical disabilities or nervous disorders and the experimental protocol was explained to the participant before the performing. The experiment involved the walking with self-selected speed along 15 meter track of paved ground. The system was set on (200 Hertz) sampling rate in order to achieve the required data resolution. The produced information was about the events of the gait cycle (Heel-Strike, Stance, Heel-Off and Swing) and their durations also for the VGRF profile of each step and stride which compared with the VGRF profile of force plate. The results of VGRF of sensorinsole system clarified a high similarity with the VGRF produced by force plate system. Despite the system having many features, there are some limitations which can be avoided after improving the system.
Building A Computerize System for Controlling and Monitoring Manufacturing Operations Based on Statistical Quality Control
Authors: Hassoon Omar Hashim , Ibrahim Batool , Albaghdadi Baraa
Published: August 2020

Statistical process control techniques are extensively used to describe statistics dada to monitor and satisfy the specifications of product and process. This approach capable to decide the amount of the variations in the case of frequent mistakes of the production process. Consequently, this approach can be monitored the production process and keep sure that the production locates inside this acceptable range and indicate directly that the process became under control. This means that the SPC considered an active method to monitor, examine and control variation in processes. In this paper, a computerized system is constructed to determine the manipulate charts and process capability which representing the predominant tool to monitor the rotational mechanical parts product machined by turning machine. A critical quality characteristic (variables) used in the work is dimensions to be measure and examining this process.
Influence of Al2O3Nanoparticles Addition to AA6082-T6 on Mechanical Properties by Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Assi Abdullah Dhayea
Published: August 2020

The work aims at investigating the effects of the addition of Al2O3nanoparticle as an enhancer on the mechanical characteristics of AA6082-T6 Metal Matrix Nano Composites (MMNCs) compounds. During the experiment, different weight fractions of Al2O3nanoparticles (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 %) were added to molten AA6082-T6 using stir casting technique (SCT). Samples were formed at solidification and tested for mechanical properties, including the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), hardness (BHN), and density (ρ). Furthermore, the samples were evaluated for Yung’s coefficient (E) and yield strength (YS). From the results of the investigations, the developed method was found successful in ensuring the homogenous dispersion of the nanoparticles in the MMNCs. Increases in the proportion of the nanoparticles were found to increase the hardness (18.48%), density (15.89%), UTS (22.95%), Youngs modulus (27%), and YS (19.86%) while decreased were observed in the ductility (57.14%) as the proportion of the nanoparticles increases. Finally, Nano Al2O3molecules were found to be a good material for the promotion of AA6082-T6 compounds.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys 6061-T6 Friction Stir Welding Joints Using Ultrasonic Peening
Authors: Naji Almohaisen Abdul Mohsin , Hassan Kharia Salman
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of joining plates from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 by friction stir welding method. Plates were prepared to dimensions (200 × 60 × 6) mm by using (CNC) milling machines. The FSW was then applied to join the operated plates by a vertical milling machine using different rotation welding speed of 1000,1200,1400, rpm and linear welding speed of 30 mm/min for the production of many weld joints. Microstructure and micro hardness, tensile, bending, temperature distribution testing were implemented. The results observed that the effect of the increasing of rotating speed for friction stir welding leads to increase the mechanical properties due to the increase of heat input. The best result was obtained at rotational speeds (1400) rpm, the specimens that are welded at 1000 rpm and had decreases in mechanical properties are subjected to ultrasonic peened surface treatment at 1,2,3 passes to improve the mechanical properties of welded joint, Compared to the non-peening weld joint, the mechanical properties increased when the number of ultrasonic peened passes increased due to the surface hardening and compressive residual stresses produced by the ultrasonic peening process.
Synthesis of iron oxide (β-fe2o3) nanoparticles from Iraqi grapes extract and its biomedical application
Authors: Aziz Wisam J. , Abid Muslim A. , Kadhim Duha A. , Mejbel Mohanad Kadhim
Published: August 2020

A synthesis of iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) made using a simple chemical method from a mixture of iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) solution and Iraqi grape extract has applications in the biomedical field. Iraqi grape extract was used to reduce iron (III) chloride salt to iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs. The green synthesis method was cheap, non-toxic, safe, and eco-friendly. The iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs were diagnosed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-VIS spectrophotometry analysis showed the energy gap (Eg) was 2.9 eV. The peak of strong absorption at 526 cm−1 indicated that a Fe-O vibration band was reported on the FT-IR spectrum. The XRD showed the highest peaks at 102 and 222, with average crystallize sizes between 29–37 nm. Besides, XRD spectrum analysis revealed a cubic structure. The surface morphology of the sample, which was identified using the SEM analysis, found the average grain size was from 49 to 50 nm with a cubic shape. After investigating the inhibition of zones, the synthesized (β-Fe2O3) NPs showed antibacterial activity of 18 mm for positive-gram aureus staphylococcus bacteria and 19 mm for negative-gram Escherichia coli baceria.
Wavelet Packet VS Backpropagation for localization and Classification PCG Signals
Authors: Abed Wasam Samer , Fayadh Rashid Ali
Published: August 2020

Phonocardiography signals (PCG) show the enrolment of sounds and distortions generated from cardiac auscultation. Cardiac signal analysis is crucial for the diagnosis of various diseases. In previous years, there are several groups and different techniques, freshness, and methods have been proposed to analyze the cardiac signal. Auscultation is a manner in which a stethoscope is used to hearken to the cardiac sound. Structural trouble of the heart is often reflected in the cardiac sound created and Listening to the heart’s sound helped doctors diagnose and predict diseases. Whilst a cardiac sound examine via Listening is appropriate as a scientific tool, it is tough to analysis PCG signals in the time(T) or frequency(F) scale. The PCG signals have many benefits over conventional Listening, in that they may be rebuilt and analyzed for time(T) and frequency(F) information. Using a wavelet packet transform(WPT). Where the signal is decomposed and rebuild without the first-rate loss of data within the signal content. Reconstruction mistakes can be thoughtfulness an important piece of information in classifying the pathological severity of phonocardiography signals. In this paper we will focus on how to choose the level and the mother wave of the wave to cry out so that it is appropriate to analyze the cardiac signal in good mathematical and analytical ways to train the neural network (error backpropagation) on it. It will be explained in the following details.
Design of smart power meter for local electrical power generators in Baghdad city
Authors: Waheib Bushra Mahmoud , Hasan Ihsan Jabbar , Jalil Salih Nahla Abdul , Abdulkhaleq Nadhir Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

The shortage in electrical power generation in Iraq due to several wars, forced the people to use an alternative solution. One of such solutions is the local power generators that distributed rapidly in Iraqi cities. The investors whom owning these generators make the prices for delivering the power to the consumers without power meters. In this paper, a smart power meter for such generators can be used in each customer place. The smart power meter simply is composed of an Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller with an ACS712 current sensor and DS3231 Real Time Clock. The sensed data is proceed using simple algorithm to calculate the required bill according to the consumed average amperes multiplied by the ampere price setting by the provider during the delivery period. The proposed meter with its low cost and fair bill calculations can be used at each end-user location for local generators.
Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems Using Optimized Cryptography
Authors: Lafta Inam Abdullah , Khamees Ruaa Ali , Abdalrahman Rana Alauldeen
Published: August 2020

The utilization of parallel file system is expanding quickly nowadays; security moves toward becoming are significant worry about inside this work is to structure capable and secure affirmed key trade conventions that meet explicit necessities of pNFS. The current techniques neglected to achieve alluring properties, for instance, scalability, viability, escrow free and forward mystery. A large portion of existing techniques either has not been alluringly practiced or are not reachable by the current Kerberos-based arrangement. These issues overwhelmed by a late technique which is utilizing an assortment of authenticated key trade conventions that are intended to address the above issues. This technique utilized AES calculation for security. In this undertaking, It is giving that a new AES calculation objective of accomplishing speed and security. This new AES is called as IAES (improved AES). The proposed security technique will accomplish better execution as far as speed, security, and correspondence overhead when contrasted with existing strategies.
Investigating the Access Point height for an indoor IOT services
Authors: Burhan I M , Al-Hakeem M S , Abdulwahid M M , Mosleh M F
Published: August 2020

The prospects of location estimation and localization approaches in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) by using Received Signal Strength (RSS) have gained significant resonance recently. Selecting the appropriate highest for Access Point (AP) and Transmitter devices can achieve higher accuracy for different localization approaches and IoT (Internet of Things) based services. In addition, reducing the shadow fading effects and increasing the coverage area. In this paper, the effect of different AP height on the variation of signal strength was investigated with a height ranging between (1-2.5) m. The obtained RSS measurement indicates that AP height at 2.5 m can achieve best RSS measurement with respect to receiver height of (1.10) m, especially for NLoS received points. Furthermore, RSS measurement system has been designed and utilized for this investigation. The measurement system is connected with an open based cloud platform for aggregation, visualization and analysing the measurement data. The proposed system can achieve high-speed RSS measurements, low-cost implementation and provide more facilities in collecting and monitoring a huge amount of data.
Performance of the adaptive sliding mode control scheme for output voltage control of the DC/DC buck converter system
Authors: Rasheed Luay Thamir
Published: August 2020

In this work, the DC output voltage of a step-down DC/DC buck converter system has been controlled using different schemes of sliding mode controllers (SMCs) such as classical sliding mode controller (CSMC), modified sliding mode controller (MSMC) and the adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC). As the DC/DC buck converter is a nonlinear and time-variant system, the application of linear control techniques for controlling this type of converters is not always suitable. Therefore, the SMCs are used here due to their characteristic features of maintaining the overall system stability with acceptable performance in the absence or presence of the parameters uncertainty and external disturbance. The simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink software show the advantages of using ASMC in terms of reducing the settling time, the chattering value in the control action and the steady state error but the hitting time is increased when compared with the CSMC. Besides, the simulation results show the advantages of using ASMC in terms of reducing the settling time and the chattering value, but the steady state error and the hitting time are increased when compared with the MSMC. Since the buck converter is a fast response system, the performance of the ASMC is better than that of the CSMC and MSMC in terms of reducing the settling time and the chattering value in the control action.
Virtual private network impacts on the computer network performance with different traffic generators
Authors: Nagy Zaman , Wali Mousa K.
Published: August 2020

Virtual private network (VPN) is providing a solution of security to the network nodes. This can be performed by applying tunnels on the link connecting the hosts. However, VPN connection may impact the performance of network according to the traffic density. In this paper, three types of network seniors were tested in presence of VPN connection. A 200 Mbps VPN connection was made between a pair of nodes and performance of this connection is examined by monitoring the time delay and throughput. Network traffic seniors were changes between CRB, HTTP and FTP protocols. Results shown that throughput is not affected when using HTTP-UDP topology. While, throughput is increased when HTTP-TCP topology is used. The time delay is generally increasing in case of HTTP-UDP and HTTP-TCP as compared with other traffic generators.
Design Low Power Detection QPSK-Transceiver for UWB Techniques
Authors: Hamid Hamood Shehab , Mohammed Mohammed Saeed , Mustafa Omar Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the implementation and investigation of the quarter phase shift keying low power detection. The receiver is designed and modeled using Matlab. It was tested for different values of SNR with a constant input signal power of 100 mW. The FFT based receiver performance is measured theoretically by transmitting 1000 information symbols from the transmitter end with 7 dB improvement at Bit Error Rate BER of 10e−4, Multi Modulation Techniques Recommended and not Recommended are simulated in this research. In this research the modulation method was selected on the basis of reducing rates of the interference in the UWB communication techniques and the essential modulation should have several types of spectrum random distribution methods to reduce the level of the interference on account of the impulse train that transmitted.
Analysis of Interference and Signal Quality in Cellular Wireless Networks
Authors: Al-Jaff Sazan , Bayat Oguz , Sallomi Adheed Hassan
Published: August 2020

An analytical model to compute the effect of co-channel interference from the base stations at the Multi-cell CDMA systems is proposed. The objective is to study the effect of multiple-access interference generated by the neighbor cells on multi-cell CDMA and W-CDMA systems capacity. The potential of adaptive antennas in interference reduction and signal quality improvement in CDMA mobile communications systems is analyzed. The study shows that improvement in base-station sensitivity can boost system performance.
Low Complexity Rate Compatible Puncturing For Future Communication network
Authors: Aftan Ahmed Obaid , Sadiq Muhammed Salah , Alnasrawi Mukhalad , Aljanabi Mohanad , Jumaa Fadhel A.
Published: August 2020

An efficient low complexity puncturing method has studied to achieve rate compatible. The parallel concatenation codes are use mixing of one component of Quasi-Cyclic (QC) low-density parity check codes LDPC codes with two components of (LDPC) in linear coding. The proposed QC-PCGC have lower computation complexity when compared with traditional punctured PCGC. The decreasing in the complexity analysis yields to the reducing in the memory requirement for the encoding/decoding system. It is possible to use the suggested coding system structure in the future communication applications like fifth generation (5G), where it is needed to have coding flexibility, with less complexity in encoding and decoding.
Photonic Antenna Design for Long Term Evolution Application
Authors: Abdualnabi Hussein Ali , Al-Aboosi Yasin Yousif , Sallomi Adheed Hasan
Published: August 2020

Radio over fiber (RoF) technology is an appropriate solution of transmission media a new fiber optic and cable development very high cost. The photonic antenna can crack this problem. This paper focuses on the development of the photonic antenna concept in order to integrate the antenna for long term evolution application. The proposed operating frequency range is 1.7 to 2.4 GHz which supports most of the spectrum used. The simulation of the designed an antenna by using FR-4 the substrate is analyzed by using the Microwave studio (CST). This project presents a proposed design for the Long-Term Evolution application in the close area by analyzes from the S-parameter characteristics.
Evaluate the effectiveness of cylindrical cooling holes embedded in arc trench over flat plate surface using infra-red technology
Authors: Ajlan Wisam A , Daud Harbi A , Yasin Nabil J
Published: August 2020

The present study employed Infra-Red Technology (IRT) to show and measure flat plate surface temperature. Experimental investigation of film cooling holes was achieved. The effect of blowing ratio for the Perspex flat plate samples was obtained using Thermal Image camera and Thermal Wind Tunnel (TWT). A flat plate with (240 mm long x 8 mm height x 120 mm width) was fabricated using the CNC machine. Namely, 9 film cooling holes (4 mm diameter) are placed as one row at a lateral spacing of pitch equal to three times of hole diameter with 35° angle of injection. Infra-Red Technology (IRT) was used to examine the ejected cooling air experimentally through increasing injection BR (BR=0.5, 1 and 1.5). So far, in terms of film cooling performance, the experimental result illustrates noticeable improvement achieved at BR=1 due to a reduction in plat surface temperature. Thermocouple technology was also used in this study by embedding 8 thermocouples in the flat place surface to measure the temperature of the coolant in the midline along the surface. The transient temperature along plate was measured for each BR during the first 500 sec of the test. Consequently, the lower the blowing ratio, the more stable increment in temperature points (gradually increasing) with longer testing time to reach steady state after 1500 sec. Moreover, the cylindrical holes model provides better film cooling efficiency at BR=1 and the arc trench model gave the best enhancement ineffectiveness at BR=0.5 and 1. It was found that, the experimental results were in excellent matching with previous published results. Finally, IRT shows successfully the qualitative temperature distribution on the plate surface.
Experimental Evaluation of Fresnel’s lens solar concentrator in Iraq
Authors: Obaid Ahmed H. , Sahlani Assaad Al , Eidan Adel A
Published: August 2020

This work presents an experimental study to utilize extreme sun rays temperature via Fresnel’s lens concentrate using a solar tracking system. The experimental rig consists of a freely rotating two-axis frame that is controlled by an electronic circuit that implements Arduino and stepper motors as a control system to adjust the position of the Fresnel’s lens focal by moving the motors accordingly. The focal of the sunray is to be maintained stationary at a fixed position to ensure continuity of heat flow on the absorption plate. The experimental results showed that the focal temperature reached as high as 422° C when the ambient temperature was 17° C. Observing the results, gives an idea of promising ability to use the Fresnel’s lens in a wide range of renewable energy applications such as heating and heat storage.
The Optimum Theoretical Design of Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube by using a Technique of Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Authors: Alwan Fouad , Taha Abdual Wahab A. , Dawood Qasim Abbas
Published: August 2020

The vortex tube is one of the devices used in refrigeration and air conditioning. This device is characterized by many features, including ease of manufacture, low cost, no need of maintenance, and does not produce any harmful waste for the environment, also rather it is one of the applications of environmentally friendly renewable energies. The Ranque _Hilsch vortex tube is used in medical purposes, the airplane cabins, cooling or heating of gases, and gases component separation. In present research, a theoretical and numerical study has been prepared to predict the expected temperature of the vortex tube according to the following variables: inlet pressure range (1.5-6.0 bar), the length-to-diameter ratio is 10, 13, 16 and19, and the ratio of mass cold air to the interior air is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Also, the multi-attribute decision-making technique (MADM) was used to rearrange the results that were studied according to the importance of parameters and available data. According to Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) the optimize choice at L/d = 13 with temperature drop 69.6 °C, pressure 6 bar, cold mass fraction µ = 0.2 and COP = 0.09127, by Weighted Product Method (WPM) the results showed that the optimum choice at L/d = 13 with temperature drop 62.6 °C, pressure 6 bar, cold mass fraction µ = 0.4 and COP = 0.16312
Numerical Modelling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of (TiO2-Water) Nanofluids in Wavy duct
Authors: Ghadhban Safaa A. , Abid Aun Salah Haji , Jehhef Kadhum Audaa
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates numerically pressure drop and forced convection heat transfer of TiO2-water nanofluids laminar flow through a horizontal curvilinear form or wavy duct with using four baffle height ratio h/H=0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45. This flow has been investigated assuming constant wall heat flux boundary condition by using ANSYS-Fluent with the finite volume method to discretize the nanofluids. The study has aimed to show the possibility of intensification of heat transfer by adding nanoparticles to the main coolant. The model employed in this study is a single phase (homogenous and dispersion). The effects of various factors, such as Reynolds number (Re) and nanoparticle concentration (φ), on the flow field and thermal distribution of the Nanofluids, have been analysed. The present results show that nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number play a prevalent role in the horizontal wavy duct. The Nusselt number has increased by 54 % when using high nanoparticle concentration of (0.4 vol. %) at high Reynolds number of (1250), also the skin friction factor increased by (32%) in the same conditions. The results provide good predictions to enhancement the heat transfer. Predictably, as nanoparticle volume fraction and/or the Reynolds number increases, the heat transfer increases. However, the flow is accompanied by high friction factor and consequently, higher pressure drop.
The reasons and proposed treatments for the housing problem in Iraq
Authors: Jumaah Intissar Kadori , Mesrop Seda Sarkis , Mohammed Thaer Jasim
Published: August 2020

Iraq suffers from a housing problem, especially if it knows that there is a huge population deficit in Iraq estimated at more than 3 million housing units corresponding to a large variation in housing construction rates. Which led to the aggravation of the housing problem in the country. Therefore, it requires the responsible authorities to accelerate the adoption of a new strategy to solve the housing problem. The principle of establishing low cost residential complexes is based on adopting multi-storey residential buildings of 3 to 4 floors. The characteristic of these buildings in terms of suitable population densities, effective and economical use of the land. Thus, reducing housing costs to meet the large deficit and the growing population demand. For the target year 2040, the expected population of Baghdad will be increasing 11174249 people. So, the estimate of the housing need for the city of Baghdad 2040 need to 1196340 housing units. General, adoption of multi-storey housing (3-4) is the solution to eliminate the housing problem.