bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative in vitro evaluation of self-assembled PTX-PLA and PTX-MPEG-PLA nanoparticles
Authors: Cui Fei , Li Yang , Zhou Shuifan , Jia Mengmeng , Yang Xiangrui , Yu Fei , Ye Shefang , Hou Zhenqing , Xie Liya
Published: June 2013

We present a dialysis technique to direct the self-assembly of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using methoxypolyethylene glycol-poly(d,l-lactide) (MPEG-PLA) and PLA, respectively. The composition, morphology, particle size and zeta potential, drug loading content, and drug encapsulation efficiency of both PTX-PLA NPs and PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The passive targeting effect and in vitro cell viability of the PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs on HeLa cells were demonstrated by comparative cellular uptake and MTT assay of the PTX-PLA NPs. The results showed that the PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs and PTX-PLA NPs presented a hydrodynamic particle size of 179.5 and 441.9 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.172 and 0.189, a zeta potential of −24.3 and −42.0 mV, drug encapsulation efficiency of 18.3% and 20.0%, and drug-loaded content of 1.83% and 2.00%, respectively. The PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs presented faster release rate with minor initial burst compared to the PTX-PLA NPs. The PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs presented superior cell cytotoxicity and excellent cellular uptake compared to the PTX-PLA NPs. These results suggested that the PTX-MPEG-PLA NPs presented more desirable characteristics for sustained drug delivery compared to PTX-PLA NPs.
Common fixed point theorems for generalized contractive mappings with applications
Authors: Hussain Nawab , Shah Masood Hussain , Amini-Harandi Alireza , Akhtar Zahid
Published: June 2013

Certain common fixed point results involving four mappings satisfying generalized contractive conditions on a cone metric type space are obtained. Our results substantially improve and extend a number of known results. An example is given in support of the new results developed here. As an application, we establish the existence of a solution for an implicit integral equation.

MSC:47H09, 47H10, 49M05.
Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population
Authors: Barttfeld Pablo , Amoruso Lucía , Ais Joaquín , Cukier Sebastián , Bavassi Luz , Tomio Ailin , Manes Facundo , Ibanez Agustín , Sigman Mariano
Published: June 2013

Background

The dimensional approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considers ASD as the extreme of a dimension traversing through the entire population. We explored the potential utility of electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity as a biomarker. We hypothesized that individual differences in autistic traits of typical subjects would involve a long-range connectivity diminution within the delta band.

Methods

Resting-state EEG functional connectivity was measured for 74 neurotypical subjects. All participants also provided a questionnaire (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) that was completed by an informant who knows the participant in social settings. We conducted multivariate regression between the SRS score and functional connectivity in all EEG frequency bands. We explored modulations of network graph metrics characterizing the optimality of a network using the SRS score.

Results

Our results show a decay in functional connectivity mainly within the delta and theta bands (the lower part of the EEG spectrum) associated with an increasing number of autistic traits. When inspecting the impact of autistic traits on the global organization of the functional network, we found that the optimal properties of the network are inversely related to the number of autistic traits, suggesting that the autistic dimension, throughout the entire population, modulates the efficiency of functional brain networks.

Conclusions

EEG functional connectivity at low frequencies and its associated network properties may be associated with some autistic traits in the general population.
Comparing metabolomic and pathologic biomarkers alone and in combination for discriminating Alzheimer’s disease from normal cognitive aging
Authors: Motsinger-Reif Alison A , Zhu Hongjie , Kling Mitchel A , Matson Wayne , Sharma Swati , Fiehn Oliver , Reif David M , Appleby Dina H , Doraiswamy P Murali , Trojanowski John Q , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Arnold Steven E
Published: June 2013

Background

A critical and as-yet unmet need in Alzheimer disease (AD) research is the development of novel markers that can identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline due to AD. This would aid intervention trials designed to slow the progression of AD by increasing diagnostic certainty, and provide new pathophysiologic clues and potential drug targets.

Results

We used two metabolomics platforms (gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry [GC-TOF] and liquid chromatography LC-ECA array [LC-ECA]) to measure a number of metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with AD dementia and from cognitively normal controls. We used stepwise logistic regression models with cross-validation to assess the ability of metabolite markers to discriminate between clinically diagnosed AD participants and cognitively normal controls and we compared these data with traditional CSF Luminex immunoassay amyloid-β and tau biomarkers. Aβ and tau biomarkers had high accuracy to discriminate cases and controls (testing area under the curve: 0.92). The accuracy of GC-TOF metabolites and LC-ECA metabolites by themselves to discriminate clinical AD participants from controls was high (testing area under the curve: 0.70 and 0.96, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study identified several CSF small-molecule metabolites that discriminated especially well between clinically diagnosed AD and control groups. They appear to be suitable for further confirmatory and validation studies, and show the potential to provide predictive performance for AD.
On a plane-wave based crosscorrelation-type seismic interferometry
Authors: Tao Yi , Sen Mrinal K.
Published: June 2013

We explored a new approach to retrieve virtual seismic responses from crosscorrelating acquired seismic data in the plane-wave domain. Using this method, slant stacking is first performed over shot or receiver locations of observed seismic data to produce plane-wave transformed gathers. Crosscorrelation is then performed by selecting traces with the same ray parameters from different shot or receiver locations of the plane-wave gathers. Unlike traditional crosscorrelation-type time-space domain interferometry, where full range of ray parameters is used for each survey location, this method directly selects common ray parameters to cancel overlapping raypaths. This approach can be used to retrieve reflections in the presence of dispersive waves and to select certain ranges of ray parameters with directional wave paths for retrieval. It can avoid spurious arrivals in supervirtual interferometry when unwanted arrivals such as reflections break the requirement of conventional interferometry. In addition, computation time can be saved with this approach because plane-wave transform usually results in a reduction of the original data volume. We demonstrate this method with synthetic and ocean bottom seismometer data examples.
An Improved Method to Synthesize Silver Nanorods and Study on Their Optical Properties
Authors: Yang Zhi , Wang Minqiang , Yan Guodong , Ding Jijun , Zhang Xiangyu , Yao Xi
Published: June 2013

We report an improved method to produce uniform Ag nanorods based on the soft-templates method and to greatly decrease the amount of shape impurities, with the assistance of sodium salicylate. This method is convenient to obtain Ag nanorods with uniformity and controlled aspect ratio. Furthermore, we explain why sodium salicylate plays a key role in improving uniformity of Ag nanorods. Besides, the aspect ratio of Ag nanorods can be tuned effectively by changing the amounts of seeds and sodium salicylate.
Enantioselective Recognition of [60]Fullerene Bisadducts by Cyclodextrin: Kinetic Control of a Mechanochemical High-speed Vibration Milling Process
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Ishikawa Michiko , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Nobusawa Kazuyuki
Published: June 2013

The enantiomers of some fullerene bisadducts were separated by complexation with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CDx) in a mechanochemical high-speed vibration milling (HSVM) apparatus, followed by decomplexation with the addition of DMSO. HSVM treatment, which is generally used for pharmaceutical preparation, was found to be governed not by thermodynamic control but by kinetic control.
Hfq binding changes the structure ofEscherichia colismall noncoding RNAs OxyS and RprA, which are involved in the riboregulation ofrpoS
Authors: Henderson Charlotte A. , Vincent Helen A. , Casamento Alessandra , Stone Carlanne M. , Phillips Jack O. , Cary Peter D. , Sobott Frank , Gowers Darren M. , Taylor James E.N. , Callaghan Anastasia J.
Published: June 2013

OxyS and RprA are two small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) that modulate the expression ofrpoS,encoding an alternative sigma factor that activates transcription of multipleEscherichia colistress-response genes. While RprA activatesrpoSfor translation, OxyS down-regulates the transcript. Crucially, the RNA binding protein Hfq is required for both sRNAs to function, although the specific role played by Hfq remains unclear. We have investigated RprA and OxyS interactions with Hfq using biochemical and biophysical approaches. In particular, we have obtained the molecular envelopes of the Hfq–sRNA complexes using small-angle scattering methods, which reveal key molecular details. These data indicate that Hfq does not substantially change shape upon complex formation, whereas the sRNAs do. We link the impact of Hfq binding, and the sRNA structural changes induced, to transcript stability with respect to RNase E degradation. In light of these findings, we discuss the role of Hfq in the opposing regulatory functions played by RprA and OxyS inrpoSregulation.
Thiazolidinedione use and risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in type 2 diabetes: population based matched case-control study
Authors: Singh Sonal , Yen Chang Hsien , Richards Thomas , Weiner Jonathan P , Clark Jeanne M , Segal Jodi B
Published: June 2013

Objective: Previous randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses have raised the possibility that thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) may increase the risk of pneumonia. We aimed to test the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones may increase the risk of pneumonia.

Design: Population based case-control study using a new user design.

Setting: A large administrative database in the United States from 2002 to 2008.

Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes aged 18-64; restricted to 6129 hospitalized pneumonia cases and 6129 controls without congestive heart failure matched on age, sex, enrollment pattern and diabetes complication severity index matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyse the data.

Results: Compared with controls, cases were more likely to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tobacco use, cancer and have received influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. After adjusting for COPD, cancer, tobacco use, and receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, and exposure in other periods, neither recent exposure to pioglitazone (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR], 1.15, 95% Confidence intervals 1.00 – 1.32) or rosiglitazone (aOR 1.09, 95% CI, 0.83 – 1.44) nor current exposure to pioglitazone within 60 days (aOR, 1.04, 95% CI, 0.60 – 1.79) was associated with a statistically significant odds of pneumonia. Current exposure to rosiglitazone was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds of pneumonia (aOR, 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.95).

Conclusion: In this study of US adults with type 2 diabetes we did not detect a significant increased risk of pneumonia with the thiazolidinediones. The unusually large protective effect of current exposure to rosiglitazone reflects the healthy user effect or unmeasured confounding.
Praxeological characteristics of worker’s labour behavior: realization factors
Authors: Шаталова  , Shatalova Nina
Published: June 2013

Parameters-factors as conditions and reasons defining one or another quality of state and process of labor behavior are demonstrated in this article. The said factors are: choice made by a person, labor situations, compensation for labor, person’s interests and needs, person’s psychological state, comparison as stimulating power of worker’s activity, worker ’s labor potential. To study the factors defining success of labor activity is necessary for deeper understanding of behavior reasons and directions of administrative influence in order to increase worker’s effectiveness. By synthesis of labor behavior different characteristics from the point of view related to work efficiency increase, it is possible to have a more precise orientation for detection of cause-and-effect relations which are very important in management.
Performance Feedback and Firm Risk Taking: The Moderating Effects of CEO and Outside Director Stock Options
Authors: Lim Elizabeth N. K. , McCann Brian T.
Published: June 2013

We contribute to the behavioral theory of the firm and the behavioral agency model by developing a theoretical framework that predicts the differential interaction effects of performance feedback and values of stock option grants of multiple agents on firm risk taking. We explain how chief executive officers (CEOs) versus outside directors awarded with stock option grants perceive negative or positive deviations from prior performance. We argue that in a negative attainment discrepancy context, high values of option grants will increase the risk aversion of CEOs who already bear excessive employment and compensation risks, resulting in less risk taking; however, it will enhance the risk-taking propensity of influential outside directors who increase monitoring and support for risky projects because their risk preferences are better aligned with those of shareholders. In a positive attainment discrepancy context, high values of option grants will amplify risk aversion in both CEOs and outside directors who perceive risky strategies as potential threats to anticipated incentive values associated with a gain domain, thereby reducing risk-taking activities. Analysis of panel data from 1992 to 2006 on the research and development spending of U.S. manufacturing firms based on Arellano–Bond dynamic panel regression reveals findings largely consistent with our predictions.
The effect of excision of the posterior arch of C1 on C1/C2 fusion using transarticular screws
Authors: Chang K. C. , Samartzis D. , Fuego S. M. , Dhatt S. S. , Wong Y. W. , Cheung W. Y. , Luk K. D. K. , Cheung K. M. C.
Published: June 2013

Transarticular screw fixation with autograft is an established procedure for the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Removal of the posterior arch of C1 may affect the rate of fusion. This study assessed the rate of atlantoaxial fusion using transarticular screws with or without removal of the posterior arch of C1. We reviewed 30 consecutive patients who underwent atlantoaxial fusion with a minimum follow-up of two years. In 25 patients (group A) the posterior arch of C1 was not excised (group A) and in five it was (group B). Fusion was assessed on static and dynamic radiographs. In selected patients CT imaging was also used to assess fusion and the position of the screws. There were 15 men and 15 women with a mean age of 51.2 years (23 to 77) and a mean follow-up of 7.7 years (2 to 11.6). Stable union with a solid fusion or a stable fibrous union was achieved in 29 patients (97%). In Group A, 20 patients (80%) achieved a solid fusion, four (16%) a stable fibrous union and one (4%) a nonunion. In Group B, stable union was achieved in all patients, three having a solid fusion and two a stable fibrous union. There was no statistically significant difference between the status of fusion in the two groups. Complications were noted in 12 patients (40%); these were mainly related to the screws, and included malpositioning and breakage. The presence of an intact or removed posterior arch of C1 did not affect the rate of fusion in patients with atlantoaxial instability undergoing C1/C2 fusion using transarticular screws and autograft.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:972–6.
Dysphagia following anterior cervical spinal surgery
Authors: Cho S. K. , Lu Y. , Lee D-H.
Published: June 2013

Dysphagia is a common complication of anterior surgery of the cervical spine. The incidence of post-operative dysphagia may be as high as 71% within the first two weeks after surgery, but gradually decreases during the following months. However, 12% to 14% of patients may have some persistent dysphagia one year after the procedure. It has been shown that female gender, advanced age, multilevel surgery, longer operating time and severe pre-operative neck pain may be risk factors. Although the aetiology remains unclear and is probably multifactorial, proposed causes include oesophageal retraction, prominence of the cervical plate and prevertebral swelling. Recently, pre-operative tracheal traction exercises and the use of retropharyngeal steroids have been proposed as methods of reducing post-operative dysphagia.

We performed a systematic review to assess the incidence, aetiology, risk factors, methods of assessment and management of dysphagia following anterior cervical spinal surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:868–73.
Endoscopicversusopen release in patients with de Quervain’s tenosynovitis
Authors: Kang H. J. , Koh I. H. , Jang J. W. , Choi Y. R.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome and complications of endoscopic versus open release for the treatment of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Patients with this condition were randomised to undergo either endoscopic (n = 27) or open release (n = 25). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were measured at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Scar satisfaction was measured using a VAS scale. The mean pain and DASH scores improved significantly at 12 weeks and 24 weeks (p <  0.001) in both groups. The scores were marginally lower in the endoscopic group compared to the open group at 12 weeks (p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively); however, only the DASH score showed a clinically important difference. There were no differences between the groups at 24 weeks. The mean VAS scar satisfaction score was higher in the endoscopic group at 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Transient superficial radial nerve injury occurred in three patients in the endoscopic group compared with nine in the open release group (p = 0.033).

We conclude that endoscopic release for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis seems to provide earlier improvement after surgery, with fewer superficial radial nerve complications and greater scar satisfaction, when compared with open release.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:947–51.
A systematic review of the non-operative treatment of nightstick fractures of the ulna
Authors: Cai X-Z. , Yan S-G. , Giddins G.
Published: June 2013

Most patients with a nightstick fracture of the ulna are treated conservatively. Various techniques of immobilisation or early mobilisation have been studied. We performed a systematic review of all published randomised controlled trials and observational studies that have assessed the outcome of these fractures following above- or below-elbow immobilisation, bracing and early mobilisation. We searched multiple electronic databases, related bibliographies and other studies. We included 27 studies comprising 1629 fractures in the final analysis. The data relating to the time to radiological union and the rates of delayed union and nonunion could be pooled and analysed statistically.

We found that early mobilisation produced the shortest radiological time to union (mean 8.0 weeks) and the lowest mean rate of nonunion (0.6%). Fractures treated with above- or below-elbow immobilisation and braces had longer mean radiological times to union (9.2 weeks, 9.2 weeks and 8.7 weeks, respectively) and higher mean rates of nonunion (3.8%, 2.1% and 0.8%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of non- or delayed union between those treated by early mobilisation and the three forms of immobilisation (p = 0.142 to p = 1.000, respectively). All the studies had significant biases, but until a robust randomised controlled trial is undertaken the best advice for the treatment of undisplaced or partially displaced nightstick fractures appears to be early mobilisation, with a removable forearm support for comfort as required.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:952–9.
Exam Corner – July 2013
Authors: Khanduja V.
Published: June 2013

The FRCS (Tr & Orth) examination has three components: MCQs, Vivas and Clinical Examination. The Vivas are further divided into four sections comprising Basic Science, Adult Pathology, Hands and Children’s Orthopaedics and Trauma. The Clinical Examination section is divided into Upper and Lower limb cases. The aim of this section in the Journal is to focus specifically on the trainees preparing for the exam and to cater to all the sections of the exam. The vision is to complete the cycle of all relevant exam topics (as per the syllabus) in four years.
Application of Honey-Bee Mating Optimization to Naphtha Reforming Reactor
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Mostoufi Navid , Sotudeh-Gharebagh Rahmat
Published: June 2013

Modeling and optimization of the process of continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) of naphtha was investigated. The process model is based on a network of four main reactions which was proved to be quite effective in terms of industrial application. Temperatures of the inlet of four reactors were selected as the decision variables. The honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to solve the optimization problem and the results of these two methods were compared. The profit was considered as the objective function which was subject to maximization. Optimization of the CCR moving bed reactors to reach maximum profit was carried out by the HBMO algorithm and the inlet temperature reactors were considered as decision variables. The optimization results showed that an increase of 3.01% in the profit can be reached based on the results of the HBMO algorithm. Comparison of the performance of optimization by the HBMO and the GA for the naphtha reforming model showed that the HBMO is an effective and rapid converging technique which can reach a better optimum results than the GA. The results showed that the HBMO has a better performance than the GA in finding the global optimum with fewer number of objective function evaluations. Also, it was shown that the HBMO is less likely to get stuck in a local optimum.
Experimental Research on Utilization of Steel Rolling Sludge in Sintering Process
Authors: Zhao Haochuan , Zhong Wenqi , Zhou Guanwen , Shao Yingjuan , Wang Tiancai , Liu Fei , Jin B.-S.
Published: June 2013

A quantity of steel rolling sludge (SRS) produced in the rolling mill is harm to the environment and difficult to dispose. This article is devoted to study on utilization of SRS in sintering process. A sinter pot system with capacity of 75 kg was established. The sintering time, the flue gas temperature, the sintering temperature and the suction pressure in sintering process were measured. Besides the sinter quality, air pollutants discharged from the sintering process with the mass fraction of SRS ranging from 0 to 3% was investigated. The results showed that the CO2 concentration is corresponding to the sintering process, the SO2 concentration has a self-sustaining characteristic and the NOX concentration maintains stability. Increase in mass fraction of SRS leads to the decrease of sintering temperature, particle size, tumbler index and basicity of the sinter. Besides, the sintering time and the average concentration of NOX decrease first and then increase, while the suction pressure appears an opposite trend with increasing mass fraction of SRS. Moreover, the average concentration of CO2 and SO2 both decrease with increasing mass fraction of SRS, and the fuel consumption per sinter produced is the least when the mass fraction of SRS is 2%. Therefore, when the mass fraction of SRS was 2%, the sintering process had the best performance in consideration of sinter quality, emission of air pollutants and behaviors in sintering process.
Some Physical Properties of Azarbayejani Hazelnut and Its Kernel
Authors: Maleki Gisoo , Milani Jafar , Motamedzadegan Ali
Published: June 2013

In this study, some physical properties such as bulk density, true density, porosity and static coefficient of friction in four levels of moisture content (against four structural surfaces) of an Iranian commercial variety of hazelnut (Azarbayejani Hazelnut) and its kernel was determined. Bulk density increased from 409.7 to 491.4 kg m−3 and from 415.4 to 477.9 kg m−3 for whole nut and its kernel respectively. True density increased from 954.8 to 1079.4 kg m−3 for whole nut and from 886.9 to 965.8 kg m−3 for its kernel, porosity decreased from 57.11 to 54.47 kg m−3 and from 53.52 to 52.51 kg m−3 for whole nut and its kernel. The static coefficient of friction of both nuts and kernels on all four test surfaces increased with increasing the moisture content. The average friction coefficient (both nut and kernel) was the highest on MDF and the lowest on galvanized iron sheet.
Some Biochemical and Physical Changes during Manufacturing of Grey Sufu, a Traditional Chinese Fermented Soybean Curd
Authors: Ma Yan-Li , Wang Jia-Huai , Cheng Yong-Qiang , Yin Li-Jun , Li Li-Te
Published: June 2013

In this study, grey sufu, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean curd, was prepared by ripening the salted pehtze in dressing mixture containing soy whey left over from making tofu. The biochemical and physical changes during grey sufu manufacturing were investigated. It was found that amino nitrogen, water-soluble protein, peptide and free amino acid content increased significantly during manufacturing. Meanwhile, hydrophobic amino acid proportion increased to 84.15% after ripening for 90 days. Examining the changes in short-chain fatty acids revealed that butyric acid, acetic acid and succinate increased, while lactic acid content experienced a significant decline. In addition, it was found that grey sufu was rich in butyric acid with the highest content of 25.44 mg/g dry matter, which was much higher than that of other foods known. It was suggested that high concentration of butyric acid might make grey sufu potentially helpful in controlling several diseases.
Thin Layer Modelling of Microwave-Convective Drying of Tomato Slices
Authors: Workneh Tilahun S. , Oke Moruf O.
Published: June 2013

The thin layer drying behaviour of tomato slices dried using microwave power densities of 1.13, 2.08 and 3.11 W/g combined with air ventilation (50°C) and hot air drying at 40, 50, 70 and 80°C was investigated. The tomato slice dried faster when subjected to microwave heating coupled with hot air ventilation. Drying time decreased considerably with increase in microwave power density and with increase in hot air temperature. Drying took place in a constant rate period followed by the falling rate period after a short heating period. The drying data were fitted to Newton (Lewis), Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Wang and Singh and Parabolic equations. The Parabolic model (R
2 = 0.9999; χ
2 = 0.0085; MBE = 0.0182 and RMSE = 0.0691) gave the best fit to predict the hot air ventilation drying of tomato slices while the Logarithmic model (R
2 = 0.9951; χ
2 = 0.0024; MBE = −0.0319 and RMSE = 0.0477) gave the best fit for microwave-assisted hot air drying of tomato slices. The values of the effective diffusivity coefficients of the tomato slices varied between 1.68 × 10–9 and 5.22 × 10–8 m2/s while the activation energy was 27.09 kJ/mol. The lower activation energy indicates that drying of tomato slices requires less energy and is hence a cost and energy-saving method. Microwave drying at 1.13 and 2.08 W/g maintained superior colour quality of the tomato slices.
Synthesis of polymer particles and capsules employing microfluidic techniques
Authors: Boskovic Dusan , Loebbecke Stefan
Published: June 2013

In the field of microfluidic particle synthesis, significant progress has been made during the past decade. Excellent control of the process and flow conditions allows the synthesis of particulate materials with unique properties, which are not achievable with conventional techniques. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the main strategies for microfluidic syntheses of polymer particles and microcapsules on the basis of continuous droplet formation as the initial process step. Additionally, we outline the major challenges, which have to be overcome to allow the fabrication of large quantities of novel microparticular products.
Speech, Song, and the Minor Third
Authors: Day-O’Connell Jeremy
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the first laboratory study of an idiosyncratic linguistic form that represents a crucial point of contact between speech and song: what is referred to here as the stylized interjection. The stylized interjection, as described throughout the musicological and linguistic literature, is associated with a particular intonational formula—the calling contour—and intriguingly, with a purportedly cross-cultural musical fingerprint: the interval of the minor third. A reading task was used to systematically compare the stylized interjection to four other linguistic forms, and to compare spoken to called production. Analysis of several acoustic variables (involving pitch, duration, intensity, and timbre) demonstrates many significant effects of sentence-type and production, which together establish the characteristics of the English stylized interjection and suggest its interpretation as sung speech. The unique sound-meaning correspondence of the stylized interjection is thereby elucidated. Implications for music-language studies (especially vis-a-vis the minor third) are also discussed.
Estudo de uma associação antihelmíntica em parasitoses intestinais múltiplas
Authors: Ferriolli IJilho Francisco , Duarte Geraldo Garcia , Teruel José Homero , Franco Antonio Ribeiro
Published: June 2013

Os autores fizeram um estudo da associação hexaidmto de piperazina e tiabendazol em 41 indivíduos parasitados por aneilostomideos, Áscaris e/ou Strongyloides . Usando um esquema de duas doses diárias em três dias seguidos (5ml/ 15kg) encontraram 26 negativados (63,4% de curas). Considerando cada parasito isoladamente obtiveram: para Ascaris lumbricoides 16 curados em 18 tratados (90%); para Strongyloides stercoralis, 30 sucessos em 31 casos observados (97%) e para Aneilostomideos, 27 curas em 41 tratados (65$%). Salientam o valor terapêutico dessa associação medicamentosa não só para tratamento individual de poliparasitaâos como na profilaxia das helmintíases humanas.
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]
Authors: Menezes Humberto
Published: June 2013

Drogas imunossupressoras (Azathioprina e Methotrexato) que se mostraram capazes de agravar infecções experimentais por Trypanosoma cruzi virulento (cepa Y), em camundongos, não conseguiram favorecer o aparecimento de qualquer sinal de infecção em animais vacinados com a cepa avirulenta PF do mesmo tripanosoma. Vinblastine, quando dado 3 dias antes da vacina, não favoreceu parasitemias positivas nem mortalidade significativamente aumentada, mas induziu o aparecimento de hemoculturas positivas. Os tripanosomas dessas culturas foram incapazes de infectar camundongos jovens. Quando o Vinblastine foi usado 15 dias após a vacinação dos animais, todos os testes foram negativos, inclusive as hemoculturas
Tentativa de tratamento específico da fase aguda da doença de Chagas com nitrofuranos em esquema de duração prolongada
Authors: Rassi Anis , Ferreira Humberto de Oliveira
Published: June 2013

Os autores apresentam, sua experiência com o emprêgo áe nitrofuranos em esquemas de duração prolongada em 37 pacientes na fase aguda da doença de Chagas, parasitològicamente comprovada através do exame direto. A atividade terapêutica foi avaliada, fundamentalmente, através do xeno-diagnóstico e da reação de Guerreiro e Machado, repetidos o maior número de vêzes possível ou necessário, cuidando os Autores de não interromper tal prática enquanto resultassem negativos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os nitrofuranos, especialmente a nitrofurazona e o derivado nitrofurfurilidinico "Bayer" 2502, são ativos contra o T. cruzi, exercendo manifesta diminuição da parasitemia, apreciada através do xenodiagnóstieo, negativando a reação de Guerreiro e Machado e abreviando o tempo de duração de certas manifestações clínicas. Uma estreita concordância foi notada entre os resultados do xenodiagnóstieo e da reação de Guerreiro e Machado, após o tratamento. Na maioria dos pacientes pôde ser constatado um efeito supressivo e, em 8, aparente efeito curativo. Chamamos a atenção para o cuidado que se deve ter na avaliação dos efeitos terapêuticos e, também, para a necessidade de vigilância médica durante o tratamento, em vista da ocorrência de efeitos colaterais. Concluem que, presentemente, em casos agudos, deve ser empregado o derivado nitrofurfurilidinico "Bayer" 2502.
Nota sôbre a presença do Rhodnius prolixus Stal, 1859, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)
Authors: Tavares Omar
Published: June 2013

Através de um lote de ninfas e adultos de Rhodnius, proveniente de Mira Estrela, Estado de São Paulo, assinalamos pela p rim e ira vez, a presença de Rhodnius prolixus nesse Estado.
Infecção natural do rato, Oryzomys nigripes (Desmarest. 1819) pelo T. cruzi
Authors: Ribeiro Rosa Domingues , Juarez Edmundo
Published: June 2013

Os autores, após uma revisão dos achados de roedores da família Cricetidae e do gênero Oryzomys infectados pelo T. cruzi, assinalam a infecção de um exemplar do rato, Oryzomys nigripes (Desmarest, 1819), capturado no Bairro da Ilha, município de Salto de Pirapora, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e cuja amostra de T. cruzi foi isolada através do xenodiagnóstico. O tripanossomo em estudo mostrou-se patogênico para ratos Wistar e camundongos brancos jovens, infectando 100,0% dos animais inoculados. As formas sanguícolas nos camundongos têm 24,25μ. de comprimento total médio e 1,27μ, de índice nuclear médio. Nos animais sacrificados durante a fase aguda da infecção ninhos de leishmânias foram observados, em fibras cardíacas. A infecção experimental de camundongos inoculados com sangue parasitado é leve, com período prepatente relativamente longo (média de 7,1 dias), com baixa parasitemia, e duração da fase aguda variando de 55 a 64 dias. Provas de proteção mostraram que a amostra em estudo confere aos camundongos que sobreviveram alto grau de resistência contra reinfecções pela amostra Y. O tripanossomo cultiva-se bem em meio de Mac Neal - Novy e em meio líquido de Warren. Infecta regularmente triatomíneos, dando os seguintes índices de infecção: P. megistus - 100,0%, T. infestans - 76,7%, T. sórdida - 86,7%o e R. neglectus - 100,0%.
The avirulence of the cultivated P F strain of T. cruzi: VI. introduced immunotolerance in mice by a veryhigh inoculum
Authors: Menezes Humberto
Published: June 2013

Immunosuppression bp immunotolerance was obtained in mice by inoculating Trypanosoma cruzi avirulent PF strain in high doses to mice. Direct and indirect laboratory tests loere used to demoiistrate the above statements.
Micose de Lobo
Authors: Silva Domingos
Published: June 2013

O A. estuda a Micose de Lobo, acentuando as características especiais. Trata-se de uma doença própria da região amazônica. Discute os aspectos clínicos, discordando da designação de blastomicose queloídiara, usada freqüetemente, pois em sita vasta casuística no Departamento de Dermatologia do Centro Bío Medico da Universidade Federal do Pará foi possível distinguir 5 formas clinicas da doença: infiltrativa (forma inicial), queloidiforme (tipo mais frequente), gomosa, ulcerada, verruciforme. Propõe por isto uma classificação clínica da Micose.
Influência da fonte de antigeno e dos fatores alérgicos no teste intradérmico da esquistossomose mansônica
Authors: Carvalho Adriana Bezerra de , Almeida Maria Thereza , Magalhães Filho Aggeu
Published: June 2013

73 (setenta e três) pacientes esquistosscmóticos e 29 (vinte e neve) indivíduos não-parasitados foram testados peio teste intradérmico para esquistossomose mansônioa utilizando-se antígeno de vermes adultos S. manseni obtidos per filtração sanguínea humana. O teste foi comparado com o antígeno clássico obtido de vermes do camundongo, observando-se a interferência de manifestações alérgicas.
O problema da hemossiderose pulmonar na doença de Chagas
Authors: Siqueira Leila Andrade , Ayaia Marciano Antônio Rojas
Published: June 2013

Os autores estudaram a existência de hemosiderose pulmonar em 60 casou de autopsia, 20 dos quais chagásicos crônicos com cardiopatia, 20 pacientes com cardiopatia não chagásica e 20 casos sem nenhuma manifestação de doença cardíaca. A incidência de hemossiderose pulmonar foi de 75% entre os chagásicos e de 80% entre os pacientes de cardiopatia não chagásica. Nos casos controle sem cardiopatia a incidência foi relativamente baixa (45%) e, guando presente, o grau de intensidade era mínimo. Com esses achados, conclui-se que a hemossiderose pulmonar na Doença de Chagas é uma conseqüência da congestão crônica passiva, resultante da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, do mesmo modo que ocorre em outras condições mórbidas tais como Estenose mitral e Cor-pulmonar crônico, não havendo evidências de uma pneumopatia peculiar em chagásicos.
Levantamento das parasitoses intestinais e condições sócio-econômicas e sanitárias em um bairro de Botucatu - S.P.
Authors: Gonçalves Aguinaldo , Andrade J. C. Render , Giribola Laerte , Oliveira M. Carmo de
Published: June 2013

Neste trabalho, os autores apresentam os resultados de levantamento das condições sócio-econômicas e sanitárias do Tanquinho, bairro de Botucatu (SP) e dos exames de fezes da população de zero a quinze anos dessa área e uma associação entre essas duas séries de dados. Fundamentados nestes, os autores encarecem o papel das condições sócio-econômicas e lembram a importância destas no planejamento e execução de programas de atenção médica.
Relações sociais de gênero na perspectiva de crianças pequenas na creche
Authors: Buss-Simão Márcia
Published: June 2013

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era identificar entre crianças pequenas, em um contexto de Educação Infantil, formas, significações e vias de transmissão de elementos culturais e sociais envolvendo a dimensão corporal. O grupo pesquisado era formado de meninas e meninos de 2-3 anos de idade de uma instituição pública de tempo integral situada em zona urbana. A partir de indicações dadas pelas próprias crianças, distinguiu-se a categoria gênero como central e constitutiva de suas relações e interações. Para uma análise das variações dentro do mesmo gênero, o foco foi dirigido aos meninos, procurando-se observar suas aproximações e distanciamentos dos modos de ser menino nesse contexto. O texto analisa ainda as fronteiras entre os gêneros, sem perder de vista que as separações não são fixas nem se dão a priori, mas são trabalhadas nas práticas culturais.
Ações afirmativas raciais no ensino superior público brasileiro: um panorama analítico
Authors: Daflon Verônica Toste , Feres Júnior João , Campos Luiz Augusto
Published: June 2013

O artigo analisa as diferentes modalidades de ações afirmativas raciais em vigor nas universidades públicas brasileiras até 2012. A partir de um levantamento das leis e resoluções que regulamentam tais políticas, cruzadas com microdados produzidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais, traçamos um panorama da ação afirmativa no país. Nosso esforço tem por objetivo explicitar os diferentes diagnósticos acerca das desigualdades educacionais no Brasil em que as universidades se baseiam para elaborar suas políticas e investigar de que maneira adotam procedimentos para mitigar iniquidades na admissão aos seus cursos, lidando com o desafio de transformar categorias sociológicas como classe, raça e etnicidade, bem como demandas governamentais e de movimentos sociais em critérios norteadores de políticas públicas.
Letramento e processo de escritura de alunos recém-alfabetizados
Authors: Calil Eduardo , Amorim Kall Anne , Lira Lidiane
Published: June 2013

A partir de um enfoque genético (Genética de Textos) e enunciativo, este trabalho discute como elementos lexicais, semânticos e sintáticos relacionados ao letramento escolar interferem na criação de títulos de contos etiológicos inventados por escreventes novatos (6 a 7 anos). Nosso corpus foi coletado durante o desenvolvimento de um projeto didático de Língua Portuguesa, realizado numa escola de Maceió em 2012. Selecionamos como objeto de análise o processo de escritura de um título produzido por uma díade de alunos, quando a professora solicitou a invenção de um conto de origem. Nossa análise destaca tanto a relevância da leitura deste gênero para a estruturação do título dado, quanto a importância do processo coenunciativo (e intersubjetivo) que deu visibilidade ao material linguístico advindo do trabalho com o livro didático de Ciências.
Alfabetização: o olhar das crianças sobre o aprendizado da linguagem escrita
Authors: Gonçalves Angela Vidal
Published: June 2013

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental, em escola pública federal, no Rio de Janeiro, durante o ano de 2011, cujo objetivo geral é conhecer as concepções que crianças elaboram sobre o processo de alfabetização, antes e depois de serem alfabetizadas. Realizaram-se entrevistas com as crianças, os pais e a professora da turma. A análise dos discursos dos sujeitos participantes se baseou na Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin. Recorreu-se ainda ao pensamento de Vigotski para compreender os modos de pensar próprios da infância. Os resultados nos levam a afirmar que o aprendizado da leitura e da escrita altera os modos de pensar e dizer das crianças; os conhecimentos específicos sobre o sistema de escrita permitiram-lhes realizar novas operações metalinguísticas e metacognitivas. Esse processo evidenciou-se como parte dos processos gerais de aculturação escolar, com ênfase no aprendizado de condutas típicas dessa esfera social.
Serviço Social em empresas: consultoria e prestação de serviço
Authors: Giampaoli Maria Cristina
Published: June 2013

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com assistentes sociais, trabalhadores de consultorias empresariais, cujas atividades são terceirizadas para empresas privadas. As consultorias apresentam-se como um possível espaço ocupacional para o profissional, surgido a partir da reestruturação produtiva brasileira. No entanto, na condição de trabalhador terceirizado, ele vivencia o processo de flexibilização e precarização de trabalho.
A percepção do assistente social acerca do racismo institucional
Authors: Eurico Márcia Campos
Published: June 2013

A complexidade das relações raciais no Brasil revela o campo de disputas em que o Serviço Social é chamado a intervir, pois o projeto ético-político que orienta o trabalho profissional do assistente social é portador de uma direção social na perspectiva da emancipação dos sujeitos coletivos. O presente trabalho é resultado da pesquisa e da reflexão sobre o racismo institucional e o trabalho do assistente social. Busca-se investigar a percepção dos profissionais acerca do racismo, do preconceito e da discriminação racial no seu trabalho cotidiano.
Democracia y ciudadania: un debate permanente para la construcción de la política pública de las mujeres
Authors: Olaya Eucaris
Published: June 2013

Este texto forma parte de la reflexión y el debate entorno a los conceptos de democracia y ciudadanía desde una perspectiva feminista. El sistema económico capitalista y la lógica patriarcal son responsables de las profundas desigualdades, injusticias y opresiones en las que se encuentran millones de mujeres en el mundo. La lucha y resistencia feminista por el derecho a tener derechos se convierte en una dinámica tensa y contradictoria en escenarios que se afirman democráticos y que buscan incidir en la construcción de políticas públicas para las mujeres.
Cotidiano de mulheres após contágio pelo HIV/AIDS: subsídios norteadores da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da , Moura Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos , Pereira Maria Lucia Duarte
Published: June 2013

A pesquisa trata de compreender o cotidiano de mulheres após contágio do HIV/aids como subsídios norteadores da assistência de enfermagem. Pesquisa qualitativa, com participação de 39 mulheres que estavam em atendimento ambulatorial para HIV em Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados por Análise de Conteúdo. Dos resultados, emergiu uma categoria: mudanças no cotidiano das mulheres após contágio pelo HIV, com três subcategorias: mudanças no âmbito afetivo familiar; modificações no contexto social, trabalho, lazer; novos hábitos cotidianos com vistas à qualidade de vida. Ao término do estudo, evidenciamos que a mulher soropositiva vivencia situações de abandono familiar, isolamento social, estagnação das atividades laborais e lazer devido ao estigma da doença. Os depoimentos demonstraram redução ou abandono da bebida, do fumo e das práticas sexuais desprotegidas. Os resultados sinalizam para enfermagem ações assistenciais que contemplem questões biopsicossocioespirituais.
Percepção da criança e do adolescente em estar dependente de tecnologia: aspectos fundamentais para o cuidado de enfermagem
Authors: Cabral Patrícia Fernanda de Almeida , Oliveira Beatriz Eugênia de , Anders Jane Cristina , Souza Ana Izabel Jatobá de , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten
Published: June 2013

Os avanços da tecnologia em saúde nas últimas décadas vêm aumentando a expectativa de vida da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de estar dependente de tecnologia para crianças/adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital pediátrico do sul do Brasil, em 2011. Participaram do estudo seis crianças e adolescentes. Utilizou-se a entrevista e interações diárias para coleta de dados. Os resultados foram agrupados em três temas: o lidar com o dispositivo tecnológico; a superação da doença e do dispositivo tecnológico; e os desafios vivenciados pela criança e adolescente com o dispositivo tecnológico em casa e na escola. Evidenciou-se que a dependência tecnológica perpassa por momentos de adaptação para suprir as necessidades geradas, assim, é importante que a abordagem dos profissionais da saúde, em especial da enfermagem, contemple as dimensões envolvidas no cuidado às crianças/adolescentes dependentes de tecnologia e suas famílias.
Concepções e práticas de cuidado na visão de homens
Authors: Silva Silvana de Oliveira , Budó Maria de Lourdes Denardin , Silva Marciele Moreira da
Published: June 2013

Olhar o cuidado na perspectiva dos homens é um grande desafio, visto que sempre esteve associado à mulher. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, teve-se por objetivo descrever as concepções e as práticas de cuidado a partir da percepção de homens. Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas com 13 homens entre 20 e 30 anos, residentes na área de abrangência de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A partir da análise temática os resultados demonstraram que os homens concebem cuidado de forma abrangente e singular; se constituem seres de cuidado para familiares, amigos e colegas; o praticam por meio de ações e atitudes diversificadas; numa relação de reciprocidade se sentem cuidados pelas mulheres-mães-esposas-irmãs. Foi constatada a relevância deste estudo para a enfermagem, uma vez que contribuirá com o planejamento de ações inovadoras e condizentes com as concepções desses sujeitos.