bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HASTANEMİZDE ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI YABANCI CİSİM ASPİRASYONLARINDA ANESTEZİK YAKLAŞIM
Authors: Büyükerkmen Elif , Yuksek Ahmet , Doğan Bakı Elif , Kaynak Ali , Özkaraca Boyacı Evrim , Sarıtaş Tuba Berra , Sıvacı Remziye
Published: October 2022

AMAÇ: Yabancı cisim aspirasyonları her yaşta görülebilmekle beraber pediatrik hastalarda önemli bir mortalite ve morbidite sebebidir. Anestezi tercihi hafif sedasyondan genel anesteziye kadar değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda yabancı cisim aspriasyonu nedeniyle anestezi uyguladığımız pediatrik vakalar incelenerek, yaş, cinsiyet, aspire edilen cisimlerin hastaneye yatış ve mortalite açısından farklılıkları analiz edildi.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2018 - Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında 3 yıllık bir dönemde Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniği tarafından yabancı cisim aspirasyonu opere edilen pediatrik vakalar retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Toplam 46 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalarda yaş, cinsiyet, hastaneye başvuru şikayetleri, preoperatif geçen süre, aspire edilen cisimlerin niteliği ve yerleşimi, uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri, anestezi süresi, perioperatif komplikasyonlar, yatış süresi ve mortalite parametreleri incelendi.BULGULAR: Hastaların % 39,1’i kız, % 60,9’u erkek, yaş ortalamaları 33,47 ± 39,72 ay idi. Aspire edilen materyallerin çeşitlilik göstermekle birlikte en çok aspire edilen materyal % 43,5 oranında kuruyemişti. Tüm hastalarda intravenöz anestezikler ve kontrollü ventilasyon uygulanıldı. Hastaların % 76,1’inde komplikasyon gözlenmezken, % 10,9’unda bronkospazm, % 13’ünde geç uyanma gözlendi. Hastaların ameliyat sonrası % 89,1 servise çıkarken, bronkospazm gelişen % 10,9 hasta yoğun bakımda izlendi.SONUÇ: Bir yaşın altındaki ve üstündeki aspirasyon vakalarında komplikasyonlar ve hastenede kalış süreleri değişmemektedir. Hastalarda anestezi tercihi hasta bazlı düşünülmesi gereken bir durumdur. Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre intravenöz – inhalasyon anestezisi ve kontrollü ventilasyonda anestezi tercihin de dikkate alınması gereken bir seçenektir.
DETERMINING SPOT URINE PROTEIN / CREATININE RATIO SENSITIVITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PREECLAMPSIA WITH VARIABLES SUCH AS URINE SAMPLING TIME AND WAITING TIME
Authors: Hansu Kemal , Özdemir Halis , Bayram Merih
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to compare the success of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in predicting 24-h proteinuria with different variables such as urine sampling time and urine wait time before analysis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 100 pregnant women who were tested for their 24-h urine protein levels and simultaneously checked for spot urine protein/creatinine ratio upon admission to our clinic with a complaint of high blood pressure between March 2014 and December 2017. The pregnant women included in the study were divided into two groups: those with a normal range for the level of 24-h proteinuria and those with an abnormal range for 24-h proteinuria. The success of spot urine protein/creatinine level in predicting 24-h urine proteinuria was assessed in relation to spot urine sampling time, wait time, and patients’ demographic data.RESULTS: The optimal cut-off value of spot urine protein / creatinine ratio for groups with and without proteinuria in 24-h urine was determined to be 0.315 (cut-off). Urine sampling time and wait time before analysis were compared but no statistically significant difference was found.CONCLUSIONS: The spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in pregnant women with suspected preeclampsia may replace testing patients for proteinuria in their 24-h urine. However, according to our study, urine sampling time and wait time before analysis did not affect the sensitivity of the test.
Pedicled flaps for reconstruction after surgeries of lower limb malignant tumors - A feasible tool in the arsenal of a surgeon? – A review of 24 cases operated in a tertiary care oncology centre in north eastern part of India
Authors: Thiek James , Bhutia Karma Doma , Sanen Imkongsanen , Purkayastha Joydeep
Published: October 2022

With the advent of free flaps, pedicled flaps have taken somewhat of a backseat in reconstruction of post-surgical defects of the lower limb. However neither are all candidates suitable for free flaps nor is the procedure an easy one to perform in all centres provided the constrains of available facilities and operation theatre dates. In this retrospective and prospective study carried out in a tertiary care oncology centre in the north eastern part of india we review the outcome and feasibility of pedicled flaps for reconstruction after surgeries of lower limb malignant tumors.
Ways and means of creating a comic effect in English drama discourse
Authors: Kharkovskaya A. A. , Vykhlyaeva К. А.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the nature of the authors remark and its functional ability to create a comic effect. At the first stage, an attempt was made to determine the role of the authors commentary in the text of the play. Within the framework of this question, we have highlighted the key characteristics of dramatic discourse, namely, fiction and stylization. Next, we focused on the phenomenon of paratext, presenting the positions of both domestic and foreign researchers regarding the role of paratext in a dramatic work, namely the need to take into account the features of paratext when performing discourse analysis. In addition, in the article we made an attempt to present a brief history of the origin of the term paratext. Thus, the processes of interaction within the pair text-paratext substantiated the need to study the dramatic text precisely through the prism of this correlation. As sources of factual material, we selected plays (The Comedy About a Bank Robbery, The Play that Goes Wrong), the authors of which were a galaxy of British playwrights working in tandem: Henry Lewis, Jonathan Sayer and Henry Shields. In the course of the study, a selection of text fragments was formed, which made it possible to identify a number of authorial techniques for creating a comic effect, the mechanisms of which are repeatedly duplicated from play to play, which makes it possible to suggest the presence of a characteristic comic style inherent in this trio of playwrights. As a basic technique for creating a comic effect, the authors use the interaction of replicas of the characters of the play and remarks that contradict each other, thereby realizing the principle of inconsistency, which in turn becomes one of the basic principles of comedy. Thus, the final part of the study is devoted to the implementation of the principles of absurdity, inconsistency and deceived expectations through the interaction of the authors remark and the dialogue part of the play.
Category of politeness in Indo-European languages: comparative aspect
(based on English, German, Russian, and Urdu)
Authors: Bhatti N. V. , Gorbacheva O. A. , Kharitonova E. Yu.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the functioning of the category of politeness in Russian, English, German, and Urdu. The relevance of the research topic is stipulated by the need to explore similarities and differences of Western and Eastern linguacultures in terms of forms of politeness and speech etiquette in the context of globalization and intercultural communication. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it represents an original attempt to compare the means of expressing the category of politeness with regard to European and Urdu content. The article studies grammatical, lexical, and orthographical means of expressing politeness which demonstrate a certain social hierarchy revealed in speech acts. Descriptive, structural, and comparative methods are used in the research. The objective of the study is to establish the major similarities and differences in the usage of the means of expressing politeness in the languages under analysis. The study examines the concepts of speech etiquette, сommunication postulates and social factors determining the choice of a particular verbal means of expressing politeness in a certain communication context as well as the means of expressing politeness as such. The results of the study show that lexical means of expressing politeness tend to be universal for all of the chosen languages and they are represented by lexical units added to the sentence specifically with the aim of making it sound more polite. Conversely, grammatical means of expressing politeness are peculiar to every language and are expressed mainly by the usage of a certain verb form or a modal verb. Orthographical means of expressing politeness are found to be characteristic of the analysed European languages only.
Procedural and target aspects of the formation of monitoring competence of the future teacher of vocational training
Authors: Gladkikh V. G.
Published: October 2022

The need to study the monitoring competence of a teacher is due to the increasing demands of the labor market for the quality of professional training of graduates of educational organizations. Pedagogically monitoring is considered an effective means of managing the quality of educational results. The competence of future teachers necessary for its implementation is formed in the implementation of bachelors degree programs. The article presents the continuity of the general professional competencies of a teacher of vocational training necessary for monitoring. The formation of the monitoring competence of teachers in the process of mastering the academic disciplines of the bachelors degree is characterized. It included reproductive, research, constructive and productive stages, the implementation of which culminated in the development of monitoring products by students
O ciągłości świata w grach wideo
Authors: Sikora Wojciech
Published: October 2022

Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytania o istotę i ciągłość światów przedstawionych w grach wideo. Wykorzystano w nim metody interpretacji opracowane przez Romana Ingardena w jego badaniach nad formalną ontologią świata i przedmiotów. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej zostały przedstawione zastosowane w interpretacji gier podstawowe kategorie analityczne, takie jak świat oraz istota. Następnie omówione są warunki tożsamości przedmiotów oraz świata, rozpatrzone z perspektywy trzech aspektów: „sobości”, „jedności” i „tożsamości”. Ostania część artykułu jest poświęcona analizie wybranych przykładów typów gier wideo pod kątem ciągłości zawartych w nich światów przedstawionych.
Osobliwość Raymonda Kurzweila jako wizja dziejów
Authors: Szymański Kamil
Published: October 2022

W artykule dokonuję przedstawienia oraz charakterystyki stanu „Osobliwości” jako nadchodzącego momentu w historii, który przepowiadany jest przez Raymonda Kurzweila – futurologa, informatyka oraz transhumanistę. Dokonuję również przedstawienia koncepcji podziału historii na sześć epok zaproponowanego przez Kurzweila, który ujmuje historię w kontekście całego wszechświata jako proces wzrostu ilości informacji. Przedstawiając myśl Kurzweila, dokonuję tego od strony filozoficznej, pokazując jej historiozoficzne momenty.
Characteristics of humic acids in sod-podzolic soil under long-term exposure to different fertilization systems
Authors: Zavyalova N. E. , Vasbieva M. T. , Yamaltdinova V. R. , Shlyapina Ya. V.
Published: October 2022

The elemental composition and structure of humic acids in the soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil of the Cis-Urals were studied during long-term application of organic, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers under conditions of a long-term stationary experiment. Mineral fertilizers contributed to the formation of humic acids with increased content of aliphatic components, the ratio H : C = 1.45 and a high degree of oxidation (ω = 0.41). The low content of nitrogen in humic acids (from 2.0 to 2.6 at.%), with various fertilizer systems, is primarily due to its low content in the plant biomass of crops cultivated in crop rotation.The organic fertilizer system resulted in the enrichment of the structural aggregates of humic acids with aromatic groups and nitrogen. The high intensity of absorption of the >C=O group of carboxylic acids in the region of 1 717 cm-1 and double bonds of carbon atoms at 1 627 cm-1 confirms this position. Humic acids of the “manure 10 t/ha” and “manure 5 t/ha + equiv. NPK” have the largest number of carboxyl groups in their composition. The vibrations of the >C=O group of carboxylic acids are most weakly expressed in soil humic acids with a mineral fertilizer system. Organo-mineral fertilizer system demonstrates intermediate results in terms of the content of the main constitutional elements in humic acids. Mineral fertilizers application reduces the amount and thermal stability of the structural components of humic acids, thereby contributing to the degradation of the most stable part of macromolecule, which can lead to the loss of potential soil fertility. Тhe use of mineral fertilizers on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil led to the enrichment of humic acids with aliphatic fragments, and of organic ones – increased the content of stable components of aromatic nature, but lowered their thermal stability. According to thermographic analysis the ratio of weight loss in the low-temperature zone and the weight loss in the high-temperature zone (Z) during long-term use of mineral fertilizers is 0.9, i. e. the proportion of components of aliphatic nature in the structure of humic acids increases in comparison with unfertilized or manure fertilized soil.
Synesthesia and personification in the literary text: linguostylistic aspect
Authors: Dubovitckaya Maria A. , Monastyretсkaya Olga V. , Filatova Nelya P. , Shapovalova Olga N.
Published: October 2022

We analyze the particular functions of such metaphors as synesthesia and personification in a literary text. The purpose of study is to identify the stylistic potential of synesthesia and personification in a literary text. The relevance of topic is due to the need to investigate the stylistic functions of the above metaphors in the prose of Austrian authors, little-known and therefore insufficiently researched in domestic stylistics. The material of research is the prose of Austrian authors. In particular, the intentional selection of works created at different times allowed to better focus on metaphors featured by structures and functions. We explore the stylistic potential of metaphors, which is understood as the ability of these linguistic means to implement certain stylistic functions. We conclude as follows: 1) the language of Austrian writers of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries is characterized by metaphors that make up the aesthetic value of their works; 2) an important role in achieving the figurativeness of a literary text is played by the expressive means of the language, in particular, synesthesia and personification; 3) these varieties of metaphor have sufficient stylistic potential to implement the main functions in the artistic style, namely, characterological, descriptive, emotive and evaluative; 4) the metaphor is characterized by multifunctionality, which makes it possible to combine the description with the tasks of characterization, expression and evaluation. The data obtained constitute the theoretical significance of study and as well can be used in teaching philology students.
The motive of native home returning in the prose of Fyodor Abramov and Valentin Rasputin
Authors: Ivanova Valentina Y.
Published: October 2022

In a comparative typological analysis of the works of two classics of rural prose F. Abramov and V. Rasputin, the commonality of the motive of native home returning, associated with the motives for returning home and its restoration, is revealed, which is especially relevant in the context of Russian history and culture of the 20th-21st centuries. We substantiate that the native home image as a parental one, expanded to a metaphor of the native land, native country, the main spiritual value in the prose of both writers, gives the main characters of the works the fullness and meaningfulness of life, return to themselves, authenticity. We conclude that the native home image in the prose of two writers is associated with the image of destroyed, abandoned house or its loss, and with the motive of its acquisition, restoration. The work analyzes the novel by F. Abramov “The House” from the tetralogy “Brothers and Sisters” and the story “Bear Hunt”, as well as the stories by V. Rasputin “Birthday”, “The Hut”, the essay “Down and Upstream”, the story “The Fire”. The artistic image of native home and associated motives of returning home and home returning in the prose of two writers testify to the stability of this figurative-motive complex, the desire to strengthen it in Russian literature in its entirety and ambiguity as a moral support. The analysis is based on the axiological approach of V.E. Khalizeva, V.N. Zakharov’s concepts of ethnopoetics, on T.I. Radomskaya’s works. The study results can be used in school and university teaching of Russian literature history, culturology.
Cardiac amyloidosis: the pathologist’s point of view
Authors: De Gaspari Monica , Finato Nicoletta , Basso Cristina
Published: October 2022

Cardiac amyloidosis is a well-known entity recently recognized as a common etiology of heart failure. This infiltrative disease is caused by the deposition of misfolded proteins within the heart. The most common types of cardiac amyloidosis result from fibrils composed of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains or transthyretin. Clinical presentation is usually elusive, and this can result in diagnostic delay. Diagnosis can be reached with non-invasive methods, but it often requires tissue sampling with pathological analysis. It is fundamental to determine the type of protein being deposited in order to indicate the specific treatment. In this article, we review the main features of cardiac amyloidosis with a focus on different pathological presentations of this rare disorder.
Differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chumakova S. P. , Urazova O. I. , Shipulin V. M. , Denisenko O. A. , Kononova T. E. , Nevskaya K. V. , Andreev S. L.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To identify disturbances of differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow associated with the features of the cytokine profile in the blood and bone marrow in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

Materials and methods. The study included 74 patients with СAD with and without ICM (30 and 44 people, respectively) and 18 healthy donors. In all patients with СAD, peripheral blood sampling was performed immediately before coronary artery bypass grafting, and bone marrow samples were taken during the surgery via a sternal incision. In the healthy donors, only peripheral blood sampling was performed. In the bone marrow and blood samples, the number of VEGFR2+ cells (CD14+VEGFR2+ cells) and their immunophenotypes CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was determined by flow cytometry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13, as well as the content of MCP-1 (only in the blood) and the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio (only in the bone marrow) were determined.

Results. The content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of CAD patients with and without ICM was higher than normal values due to the greater number of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+. In the bone marrow of the patients with ICM, the content of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was lower than in patients with CAD without ICM, and the number of CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ cells corresponded to that in the controls. Regardless of the presence of ICM in CAD, a high concentration of TNFα and normal levels of VEGF-A and IL-13 were observed in the blood. In CAD without ICM, an excess of MCP-1 and deficiency of M-CSF were revealed in the blood. In the bone marrow, the levels of VEGF-A, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13 were comparable between the groups of patients against the background of a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the patients with ICM.

Conclusion. Unlike CAD without cardiomyopathy, in ICM, no excess of VEGFR2+ cells and MCP-1 in the blood is observed, which hinders active migration of CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ cells from the myeloid tissue, and a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the bone marrow disrupts differentiation of other forms of VEGFR2+ cells, preventing vascular repair.
Morphological changes in the heart and aorta of rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Birulina J. G. , Ivanov V. V. , Buyko E. E. , Bykov V. V. , Dzyuman A. N. , Nosarev А. V. , Grigoreva A. V. , Gusakova S. V.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To identify early morphological changes in the heart and aorta of rats with experimental metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD).

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 10). The rats from the control group were fed with a standard laboratory diet. The rats from the experimental group received HFHCD for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure (BP), and individual parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were assessed in the rats.   A histologic examination of the heart and aorta in the animals was performed.

Results. Feeding rats with HFHCD led to an increase in body weight, elevation of BP, obesity, hyperglycemia, and triglyceridemia. The histologic examination of the heart in the rats of the experimental group showed signs of vascular disease, lipomatosis, and focal myocardial degeneration. Lipid accumulation in the cells of the media, hyperplasia of adipocytes in the adventitia, and depletion and fragmentation of the elastic lamina were revealed in the aortic wall of the rats receiving HFHCD.

Conclusion. The study indicated that HFHCD is an effective way to model metabolic syndrome. Structural disorders in the heart and aorta may be the mainstay for the development of cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Radionuclide methods in assessing pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in patients with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Vesnina Zh. V. , Anashbaev Zh. Zh. , Teteneva A. V. , Krivinogov N. G. , Bespalova I. D. , Sazonova S. I. , Serdyukov N. A. , Potapov K. V.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To perform a scintigraphic assessment of the bronchopulmonary system and pulmonary microcirculation in patients with connective tissue dysplasia.

Materials and methods. The study included 31 male patients of conscription age with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD), diagnosed according to the 2019 clinical guidelines (average age (19.6 ± 2.6 years)), and 25 practically healthy individuals comparable in gender and age, who formed a control group. All patients underwent planar pulmonary ventilation – perfusion scintigraphy with determination of pulmonary alveolar – capillary permeability.

Results. In patients with CTD, the apical to basal perfusion gradient (U/LQ) was on average 24% lower than in the control group (p = 0.046), and alveolar – capillary permeability was higher in both lungs, both at minute 10 and at minute 30.

Conclusion. Static pulmonary ventilation – perfusion scintigraphy allows to identify functional disorders in patients with CTD at the preclinical stage: a decrease in the perfusion gradient on average by 24% compared with the control group and an increase in alveolar – capillary membrane permeability.
Lung cancer in patients with COPD and factors associated with reduced survival
Authors: Dobner S. Yu. , Fedosenko S. V. , Rodionov E. O. , Yarovoy N. D. , Petrov V. A. , Tuzikov S. A. , Starovoitova E. A. , Samykina I. A.
Published: October 2022

Background. A combination of different types of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is very common. COPD, accompanied by ventilation disorders and, often, respiratory failure, is a significant additional risk factor for mortality in these patients. Identification of risk factors for mortality in patients with lung cancer and COPD can potentially be associated with better long-term outcomes.

Materials and methods. Using a Cox regression model based on information about the outcome of the disease and life expectancy after treatment initiation, a survival analysis was performed with an assessment of the contribution of various clinical and anamnestic factors for a group of 118 COPD patients with primary diagnosed lung cancer. These patients received treatment at the Cancer Research Institute in Tomsk in 2013–2019.

Results. The study included 118 patients (87.3% men and 12.7% women). Among them, 77.97% of patients were active or former smokers with smoking index (SI) ≥ 10 pack-years, and 22% of patients had never smoked or had SI < 10 pack-years but had other risk factors for COPD. Peripheral lung cancer was detected in 45.8% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was noted in 54.2% of cases, adenocarcinoma – in 34.7%, large cell carcinoma – in 1.7%, small cell carcinoma – in 5.9%, and carcinoid tumors – in 2.5% of cases. Patients were characterized by varying degrees of severity of ventilation disorders in accordance with the GOLD classification: stage 1 was observed in 44% of patients, stage 2 – in 38.1 % of patients, stage 3 – in 16.9 % of patients, and stage 4 – in one patient. Threeyear mortality was 28.12%.

Conclusion. According to the results of the Cox regression analysis, factors that significantly reduced the survival rate of patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD were more severe stages in terms of the size of  the primary tumor and its localization, the prevalence of metastasis (according to TNM classification), more severe dyspnea (mMRC scale), lower oxygen saturation values, atelectasis, and episodes of pneumonia, including paracancrotic pneumonia, over the previous 12 months. The presence of certain types of metastases, such as metastatic lesions of the pleura, adrenal glands, distant non-regional lymph nodes, and bones should also be noted as negative factors for survival. It is worth noting that surgical treatment of the primary tumor was associated with an increase in the survival rate in patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD.
Variants of creating heterotopic and orthotopic PDX models of human colorectal cancer
Authors: Kiblitskaya A. A. , Maksimov A. Y. , Goncharova A. S. , Nepomnyashchaya Ye. M. , Zlatnik Ye. Y. , Yegorov G. Y. , Lukbanova Ye. A. , Zaikina Ye. V. , Volkova A. V.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To create heterotopic and orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal cancer (CRC) by transplantation of patient’s tumor samples into immunodeficient BALB / c Nude mice.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on 15 female BALB / c Nude mice aged 6–8 weeks weighing 21–25 g. All animals underwent transplantation of the tumor material obtained from CRC patients into the following sites: heterotopic transplantation (under the skin of the thigh and into the omentum), orthotopic transplantation (into the descending and ascending colon and into the cecum). Weight and general condition of the animals and the size of the tumor nodule had been monitored for 80 days. The success of each model was assessed by the degree of engraftment, the dynamics of tumor growth, and the reproducibility of histopathologic characteristics. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation.

Results. 100% survival of the animals and similar tumor growth dynamics in the xenograft models were observed throughout the experiment. The analysis of histologic specimens obtained from the xenografts and patient’s tumor showed their correspondence to moderately differentiated intestinal adenocarcinoma. The main advantages and disadvantages of different variants of PDX models were described.

Conclusion. Heterotopic and orthotopic PDX models reproduce the morpho-histologic characteristics of human tumors and demonstrate stable growth dynamics. Therefore, they are a suitable tool for the development, testing, and validation of potential anticancer drugs.
Features of the functioning of innate immunity in children with chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: Maltsev S. V. , Sizyakina L. P. , Lebedenko A. A.
Published: October 2022

Aim. To study the features of the functioning of innate immunity in children with chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Materials and methods. The study included 28 children of both sexes aged 6–16 years with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). The median age of the patients was 8 years (p = 0.045). Clinical research methods included an analysis of complaints and anamnestic data, as well as an objective examination of the child (dynamics of urticaria, severity of itching, the presence of angioedema). Immunological techniques included determination of the number of monocytes expressing CD14+CD282+, CD14+CD284+, CD14+CD289+, the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing CD3+CD16+, the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, lactoferrin, interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)4, and IL-6, and a nitroblue tetrazolium test.

Results. In the course of the study, an increase in the expression of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 by monocytes, a decrease in the expression of TLR9 by monocytes, a significant rise in lactoferrin levels, a slight decrease in the number of natural killer (NK) cells, a decrease in microbicidal activity and adaptive reserves, a rise in IgE levels, a decrease in IL-4 levels, and an increase in IFNγ and IL-6 were revealed in children with CIU.

Conclusion. The immunological changes revealed during the study indicate multidirectional expression of Toll-like receptors, disturbances in the work of the cellular components of innate immunity, and a launch of a proinflammatory cytokine cascade in children with CIU, which can serve as a mainstay for the development of new schemes for personalized therapy of CIU in children.
sPD-1/sPD-L1 proteins in non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Stilidi I. S. , Kovaleva O. V. , Gratchev A. N. , Tchevkina E. M. , Podlesnaya P. A. , Tsarapaev P. V. , Suleymanov E. A. , Kushlinskii N. E.
Published: October 2022

Background. Implementation of immunotherapy in clinical oncological practice has significantly improved the results of cancer treatment. It resulted in the need for seeking new markers to assess the effectiveness of therapy and the disease prognosis.

Aim. To analyze the content of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint proteins in the blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease and the disease prognosis.

Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtained from 43 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 21 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The concentration of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 in the blood serum was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Mann – Whitney test was used to determine statistically significant differences in independent groups. A correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Overall survival was analyzed by constructing survival curves using the Kaplan – Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results. The study showed that sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were found in the blood serum of both cancer patients and healthy donors, and their concentrations did not differ significantly. It was shown that the high concentration of sPD-L1 in the blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was significantly associated with the late stage of the disease and was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. It should be noted that for patients with esophageal cancer, an unfavorable prognostic marker was the high concentration of the soluble form of PD-1 protein, and not PD-L1 ligand, as in case of lung cancer.

Conclusion. The content of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood serum can have different prognostic significance for various types of cancer, and further studies are required to confirm their clinical usability.
Comparison of the Naïve Bayes Classifier and Decision Tree J48 for Credit Classification of Bank Customers
Authors: Tanza Alifia , Utari Dina Tri
Published: October 2022

The bank conducts an analysis or survey in the credit system to determine whether the customer is eligible to receive credit. With a case study of Bank BJB debtor data in December 2021, credit classification analysis was carried out by forming a model using the Naïve Bayes Classifier and Decision Tree J48. Thus it is expected to minimize the occurrence of bad loans. The data are divided into several categories: debtors with good, substandard, doubtful, and bad credit. The analysis was carried out using a 10-fold cross-validation model, where the results obtained from both tests, the highest accuracy value was the Decision Tree J48 of 78.26%. While the Naïve Bayes Classifier has a lower level of accuracy, the prediction results tend to be better than the Decision Tree J48. The prediction results with the Naïve Bayes Classifier can predict all classes and the most influential variable in classifying credit is the loan term.
Arzela-Ascoli's Theorem and Applications
Authors: Sheng Chaoyi
Published: October 2022

In Functional Analysis as well as Topology, we frequently encounter sets, say $X$, that contain elements close to each other. These sets display a defining "finite-ness" property: for all open cover $\mathcal{O}$ of $X$, there exists a finite subcollection $\mathcal{U}\subseteq\mathcal{O}$ such that $\mathcal{U}$ covers $X$. Such spaces $X$ are called $\textbf{compact}$, and the above "finite-ness" property afford us great convenience, because we can always investigate $X$ by investigating its finite open cover $\mathcal{U}$Arzela-
Statistical Approach to Assess Chill and Heat Requirements of Olive Tree Based on Flowering Date and Temperatures Data: Towards Selection of Adapted Cultivars to Global Warming
Authors: Abou-Saaid Omar , El Yaacoubi Adnane , Moukhli Abdelmajid , El Bakkali Ahmed , Oulbi Sara , Delalande Magalie , Farrera Isabelle , Kelner Jean-Jacques , Lochon-Menseau Sylvia , El Modafar Cherkaoui , Zaher Hayat , Khadari Bouchaib
Published: October 2022

Delineating chilling and forcing periods is one of the challenging topics to understand how temperatures drive the timing of budburst and bloom in fruit tree species, especially when flowering data are limited to a short-term phenology data. Here, we investigated this question on olive trees, using flowering data collected over six years on 331 cultivars cultivated in the worldwide collection of Marrakech, Morocco. Using Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach on a long-term phenology (29 years) of Picholine Marocaine cultivar, we showed that the relevance of delineating chilling and forcing periods depends more on the variability of inter-annual temperatures than on the long-term datasets. In fact, chilling and forcing periods are similar between those delineated using datasets of 29 years and those of only six years (2014-2019). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the variability of inter-annual temperatures is the main factor explaining this pattern. We, then, used datasets of six years to assess chill and heat requirements, of 285 cultivars. We classified Mediterranean olive cultivars into four groups according to their chill requirements. Our results, using the kriging interpolation method, indicated that flowering dates of most of these cultivars (92%) were governed by both chilling and forcing temperatures.
Novel Regioisomeric Analogues of Naphthyl-N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Salomé Dayana da Costa , Freitas Rosana Helena Coimbra Nogueira de , Fraga Carlos Alberto Manssour , Fernandes Patricia Dias
Published: October 2022

Background: When homeostasis is disturbed it can occur a pathological event named inflammation. The main drugs used in the treatment consist of the non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the side effects remain an obstacle during the treatments. In this work we aimed to evaluate three new regioisomers analogues of naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone derivatives. Methods: Acute models of inflammation in vivo (formalin-induced licking and carrageenan-induced inflammation) as well as in vitro were used to evaluate the effects of LASSBio-2039, LASSBio-2040, and LASSBio-2041. Results: All three substances (at 1, 10 or 30 µmol/kg) presented significant effect in the in vivo model reducing leukocyte migration, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1β production. It was observed that only LASSBio-2039 significantly reduced cell migration in vitro. None of the LASSBios did affect inducible nitric oxide synthase activity nor presented NO scavenger effect. It was not observed any toxic effect neither in vivo nor in vitro. The new regioisomers analogues of naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone derivatives presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity suggesting LASSBio-2039 with a direct effect in leukocytes migratory capacity. Conclusions: Taken together the data indicate that these substances present promising effect for de development a prototype for new drugs.
Nipah Pandemic Preparedness: Machine Leaning-Derived Whole Brain Organoid Simulations for Identifying Optimal Vaccine Candidates against the Nipah Virus
Authors: Ezra Sally , Danter Wayne R.
Published: October 2022

The evolving global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasizes how unprepared we are for the emergence of the next lethal viral pathogen. A list of potential candidates was created by the World Health Organization which named Nipah virus infection as the highly lethal prototypic member of that list. Building on our earlier viral pandemic preparedness research into SARS-CoV-2 we have created computer simulations of Nipah virus infection complicated by encephalitis, the most common cause of Nipah-associated mortality. In the current experiments, we first created updated simulations of wild-type whole-brain organoids (aiWBO). Upon validation, the aiWBO were infected with the simulated Nipah virus genome. The Nipah encephalitis simulations (aiWBO-NiV) were then used to find optimal single, double, and triple protein combinations for candidates as potential targets for vaccine development. Our data suggest that the use of multi-viral proteins/epitopes chimera is the most promising approach to Nipah vaccine development and that employing artificial intelligence to guide the identification of promising vaccine candidates is an efficient and cost-effective strategy for future viral pandemic preparedness.
The Black Sea Thread in Russian Foreign Policy and How the United States Can Respond
Authors: Nettles Adam Christopher
Published: October 2022

This article outlines the evolving geopolitical situation in the Black Sea in the context of Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine. It establishes a historically rooted pattern in Russian strategy tied to the region that runs through most recent acts of Russian aggression against its neighbors. It illustrates how after each Russian conflict with its neighbors in the last 20 years Russia has gained more physical coastline on the Black Sea. It roots this behavior in a centuries-long pattern of Russian behavior grounded in practical and ideational motivations. Accordingly, it establishes that Russian aggression in the Black Sea is likely to be a persistent fixture of global great power competition for the near future. The author then proposes a sustainable solution to counter Russian aggression in the theater through U.S. support of the current trend toward increased European “strategic autonomy” within the bounds of the NATO alliance.
Spatial-temporal distribution of incidence, mortality, and case-fatality ratios of coronavirus disease 2019 and its social determinants in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Raymundo Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Marcella Cini , Eleuterio Tatiana Araujo , Junior Édnei César de Arruda Santos , Silva Marcele Gonçalves , André Suzana Rosa , Sousa Ana Inês , Medronho Roberto de Andrade
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused impact on public health worldwide. Brazil gained prominence during the pandemic due to the magnitude of disease. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of incidence, mortality, and case fatality of COVID-19 and its associations with social determinants in Brazilian municipalities and epidemiological week. We modelled incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates using spatial-temporal Bayesian model. The rates were standardised using the indirect method. “Bolsa Família Programme” (BOLSAFAM) and “proportional mortality ratio” (PMR) were inversely associated with the standardised incidence ratio (SIR), while “health insurance coverage” (HEALTHINSUR) and “Gini index” were directly associated with the SIR. BOLSAFAM and PMR were inversely associated with the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and standardised case fatality ratio (SCFR), while HEALTHINSUR and “proportion of black andpardopopulation” were directly associated with the SMR and SCFR. The highest proportion of excess risk for SIR and the SMR started in the North, expanding to the Midwest, Southeast, and South regions. However, this excess risk was detected predominantly in the North region in all periods. The highest proportion of excess risk for the SCFR outcome was observed in some municipalities in the North region and in the other Brazilian regions. The COVID-19 incidence and mortality in municipalities that most benefited from the cash transfer programme and with better social development decreased. The municipalities with a higher proportion of non-white people were at greater risk of having their population becoming ill and dying from the disease.
Evidence for validity, reliability and measurement invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) in secondary students from Chile
Authors: Villacura-Herrera C. , Gaete J. , Andaur J. , Meza D. , Robinson J. , Nuñez D.
Published: October 2022

Emotion regulation (ER) is associated with both healthy and unhealthy behavioral and affective responses, especially in adolescents. It is frequently assessed by self-report measures such as the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), which has shown mixed psychometric properties when used in Spanish-speaking adolescents. The present study provides evidence for its validity and reliability in a sample of secondary students in Chile. Six-hundred and thirty-four students were recruited from ten educational institutions to complete the ERQ-CA, along with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Questionnaire (CBTSQ), the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire Junior (SIQ-JR), the Multidimensional Adolescent Functioning Scale (MAFS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the ERQ-CA for two- and single-factor models. Convergent and discriminant validity as well as measurement invariance were also tested. The original ERQ-CA two-factor structure showed the best model fit and parsimony along with high internal consistency. It also demonstrated high convergent and discriminant validity, with reappraisal strategies positively correlating with cognitive-behavioral skills and psychosocial functioning and negatively with suicide ideation and depressive symptoms, while the opposite was true for suppression strategies. Partial scalar invariance was established when testing by biological sex (male/female) and psychiatric treatment history (past/current/no). We conclude that the ERQ-CA was found to be a valid and reliable self-report instrument for the assessment of ER strategies in secondary students, proving its utility as a research and clinical tool.
A five year descriptive analysis of potentially preventable hospitalisations for Ear, Nose, and Throat conditions in regional Victoria, Australia, from 2015 to 2020
Authors: O'Neill Susan , Begg Stephen , Spelten Evelien
Published: October 2022

Background

Potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in the Murray Primary Health Network (PHN) region have been found to be higher than the state average of Victoria, Australia. This study aimed to examine the association between patient characteristics and PPH for ENT conditions from 2015 to 2020 in the Murray PHN region

Methods

Unit record hospital separation data were obtained from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. Differences between patients from ‘higher than expected’ postcodes and ‘other’ postcodes (with respect to the distribution of demographic and other patient characteristics) were determined using chi-squared tests for each ENT subgroup. The results were confirmed by logistic regression analyses using resident of a postcode with higher than expected hospitalisations as the outcome variable.

Results

There were 4816 hospital separations in the Murray PHN with a primary diagnosis of ENT as defined by the PPH framework in the National Health Agreement. Of the 169 postcodes located in the catchment area, 15 were identified as having higher than expected numbers of upper respiratory tract infection hospitalisations, 14 were identified for acute tonsillitis, and 12 were identified for otitis media.

Conclusion

Of the identified postcodes, differential patient factors included 0–9 year old’s, the Indigenous population, and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (patients requiring an interpreter and language other than English patients). Further investigation of the identified postcodes is warranted to determine access to and utilisation of primary healthcare services in the management of PPH ENT conditions in the region.
Receiving or not Deemed Necessary Healthcare Services
Authors: Sulku Seher Nur , Tokatlioglu Yagmur , Cosar Kubra
Published: October 2022

Background
Avoiding deemed necessary healthcare needs may worsen prognosis and treatment options, and damage people’s ability to perform their roles in society. Our study investigates why people avoid healthcare services in an upper-middle-income country, Turkey.
Methods
We apply TurkStat’s 2012 Health Survey Data that includes a comprehensive health and social-demographic information of 28,055 survey participants who were 15 + aged. We prefer to use bivariate probit model to analyze the avoiding behaviour in inpatient level in accordance with outpatient level because of the observed significant correlation between people’s avoiding behaviour under tertiary and lower level of health care.
Results
According to our descriptive analysis, we see that 2.6% of 15 + aged population were avoiding deemed necessary hospital services. Furthermore, it is found that high cost (31%), organizational factors (21%) and fear (12%) are prominent reasons of avoiding tertiary care. Thereafter, in our bivariate probit model findings, we figure out that being covered by social security schemes decreases the probability of avoiding both outpatient and inpatient health services by 6.9%. Moreover, being female, living in rural area, having lower income increase the chance of being avoider in both stages of healthcare.
Conclusions
We conclude that social inequalities were main underlying determinants of the avoiding behavior. As health and effective provision of health care are vital for the smooth functioning of society, we suggest that improve health care protection of people from disadvantaged social groups and develop better organizational factors to prevent difficulty of having treatment at policlinics.