bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between serum magnesium levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Prasad Nakkina Bhavani , Sekhar Avapati Raja , Meena K. , Chandra T. Jaya
Published: November 2019

Background: In this study, an attempt has been made to find the correlation between Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and serum magnesium in type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (DM) cases.Methods: Study was conducted in the department of General Medicine, GSL Medical College. Study protocol was approved by institutional ethical committee. All the non-critically ill type 2 DM individuals of all ages attended the outpatient services were included in the study. The reference range of Magnesium was taken as 1.7-2.4 mg/dL. Patients with low and normal Magnesium levels were categorized as cases and controls respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 21, Chi square test was used to compare the different qualitative variables; p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: A total of 163 individuals were included in the study, the mean age was 55.72 years, ranged between 39 to 75 years; male female ratio was 1.12. DR was diagnosed in 54% cases and low magnesium levels were detected in 40% cases; the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Estimation of glycaemic levels and serum magnesium can help us predict the onset and progression of DR.
Does promotion and islamic business ethics increase consumer loyalty? empirical evidence Resto Kampoeng Banyumili Salatiga
Authors: Sardiyanto Sigid
Published: November 2019

This research was a quantitative research that aimed to find out how the influence of promotion and Islamic business ethics on consumer loyalty in Kampung Banyumili Resto Salatiga. The analysis of the research was use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The results showed that promotion did not directly affect consumer loyalty, but it had a significant influence on buying interest. The buying interest had a significant influence on purchasing decision and it had a significant influence on fulfilling expectation. While the fulfilling expectation significantly effected on satisfaction and on customer loyalty, whereas Islamic business ethics had a significant effect on consumer loyalty. This study concluded that promotion did not directly affect consumer loyalty but passed buying interest, purchasing decision, fulfilling expectation, satisfaction and new customer loyalty.
Proteins involved in maturation pathways of plant mitochondrial and plastid c-type cytochromes.
Authors: Rurek Michal
Published: November 2019

c-type cytochromes are characterized by the presence of two covalent bonds linking heme to apocytochrome and by the heme attachment motif in the apoprotein. Several molecular systems for the maturation of c-type cytochromes have evolved in different organisms. The best characterized are three of them: system I, system II and system III. Heme is synthesized in bacterial cytoplasm, in plastids, and in animal and fungal mitochondria. Therefore the maturation of bacterial and plastid c-type cytochromes involves the transport of heme and apocytochrome from the n-side to the p-side of the respective biological membranes and the formation of the covalent bond at the p-side. It should be underlined that the site of the c-type apocytochrome synthesis is also distinct from the site of its functioning. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge concerning the structure and function of two systems - system I and system II - in the maturation of plant mitochondrial and plastid c-type cytochromes, respectively.
Alterations in protein secretion caused by metabolic engineering of glycosylation pathways in fungi.
Authors: Kruszewska Joanna S , Perlińska-Lenart Urszula , Górka-Nieć Wioletta , Orłowski Jacek , Zembek Patrycja , Palamarczyk Grazyna
Published: November 2019

Due to its natural properties, Trichoderma reesei is commonly used in industry-scale production of secretory proteins. Since almost all secreted proteins are O-glycosylated, modulation of the activity of enzymes of the O-glycosylation pathway are likely to affect protein production and secretion or change the glycosylation pattern of the secreted proteins, altering their stability and biological activity. Understanding how the activation of different components of the O-glycosylation pathway influences the glycosylation pattern of proteins and their production and secretion could help in elucidating the mechanism of the regulation of these processes and should facilitate creation of engineered microorganisms producing high amounts of useful proteins. In this review we focus on data concerning Trichoderma, but also present some background information allowing comparison with other fungal species.
Characterization of a novel transcript variant of human STAU1 gene.
Authors: Fa-Hui Nie , Hai-Feng Yao , Rui-Feng Qi , Xin Li , Cai-Bin Wu
Published: November 2019

Human STAU1 is one member of the family of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins. It is thought to function in transporting mRNA, controlling translation and eliciting mRNA decay in neurons, and to function in infection of influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Four transcripts coding two isoforms have been identified before. In this study, we have isolated a novel transcript of STAU1, coding a novel isoform that has six amino acids more (SFPLKQ) than isoform a. In order to examine the tissue distribution of this novel isoform, we have performed RT-PCR experiments and the analysis showed that it was highly expressed in heart, liver, kidney and pancreas.
Characterization of bovine serum albumin glycated with glucose, galactose and lactose.
Authors: Ledesma-Osuna Ana Irene , Ramos-Clamont Gabriela , Vázquez-Moreno Luz
Published: November 2019

The non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, known as glycation, has received increased attention from nutritional and medical research. In addition, there is a large interest in obtaining glycoconjugates of pure well-characterized oligosaccharides for biological research. In this study, glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by d-glucose, d-galactose and d-lactose under dry-heat at 60 degrees C for 30, 60, 120, 180 or 240 min was assessed and the glycated products studied in order to establish their biological recognition by lectins. BSA glycation was monitored using gel electrophoresis, determination of available amino groups and lectin binding assays. The BSA molecular mass increase and glycation sites were investigated by mass spectrometry and through digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Depending on time and type of sugar, differences in BSA conjugation were achieved. Modified BSA revealed reduction of amino groups' availability and slower migration through SDS/PAGE. d-galactose was more reactive than d-glucose or d-lactose, leading to the coupling of 10, 3 and 1 sugar residues, respectively, after 120 minutes of reaction. BSA lysines (K) were the preferred modified amino acids; both K256 and K420 appeared the most available for conjugation. Only BSA-lactose showed biological recognition by specific lectins.
Pullulanase from rice endosperm.
Authors: Yamasaki Yoshiki , Nakashima Susumu , Konno Haruyoshi
Published: November 2019

Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds. Moreover, pullulanase from the endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Hinohikari) seeds was isolated and its properties investigated. The pI value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds, which shows that these two enzymes are the same protein. Therefore, the same pullulanase may play roles in both starch synthesis during ripening and starch degradation during germination in rice seeds. The enzyme was isolated by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulofine column chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was homogeneous by SDS/PAGE. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 100 000 based on its mobility on SDS/PAGE and 105 000 based on gel filtration with TSKgel super SW 3000, which showed that it was composed of a single unit. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.7. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by beta-cyclodextrin. The enzyme was not activated by thiol reagents such as dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol or glutathione. The enzyme most preferably hydrolyzed pullulan and liberated only maltotriose. The pullulan hydrolysis was strongly inhibited by the substrate at a concentration higher than 0.1%. The degree of inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of pullulan. However, the enzyme hydrolyzed amylopectin, soluble starch and beta-limit dextrin more rapidly as their concentrations increased. The enzyme exhibited alpha-glucosyltransfer activity and produced an alpha-1,6-linked compound of two maltotriose molecules from pullulan.
A novel member of the thermolysin family, cloning and biochemical characterization of metalloprotease from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.
Authors: Wladyka Benedykt , Bista Michal , Sabat Artur J , Bonar Emilia , Grzeszczuk Sabina , Hryniewicz Waleria , Dubin Adam
Published: November 2019

Thermolysins constitute a family of secreted bacterial metalloproteases expressed, among others, by several pathogens. Strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs and judged as protease-positive, by skim milk agar plate culture, were investigated for protease content. No proteolytic activity was detected when the bacteria were grown in regular liquid media. Unexpectedly, supplementation of the medium with calcium ions resulted in expression of a metalloprotease and profound changes in the profile of extracellular proteins. On the basis of homology to other staphylococcal metalloproteases, the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protease (Pst) and its flanking regions was determined. The full-length pst codes for a protein with an open reading frame of 505 amino acids. The internal region contains the HEXXH catalytic domain that is conserved in members of the thermolysin family. Regardless of the presence of calcium in the medium, the expression of the protease gene was of the same intensity. This suggests that regulation of the metalloprotease production by calcium ions is at a post-transcriptional level. Isolates of S. pseudintermedius exhibit a proteolytic phenotype due to the metalloprotease expression, however only in presence of calcium ions, which most probably stabilize the structure of the protease.
Quantitative analysis of the ternary complex of RNA polymerase, cyclic AMP receptor protein and DNA by fluorescence anisotropy measurements.
Authors: Bonarek Piotr , Kedracka-Krok Sylwia , Kepys Barbara , Wasylewski Zygmunt
Published: November 2019

The in vitro formation of transcription complexes with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was monitored using fluorescence anisotropy measurements of labeled fragments of DNA. The multicomponent system consisted of holo or core RNA polymerase (RNAP) and lac or gal promoter fragments of DNA (in different configurations), in the presence or absence of CRP activator protein (wt or mutants) with its ligand, cAMP. Values of the apparent binding constants characterizing the system were obtained, as a result of all processes taking place in the system. The interaction of the promoters with core RNAP in the absence of CRP protein was characterized by apparent binding constants of 0.67 and 1.9 x 10(6) M(-1) for lac166 and gal178, respectively, and could be regarded as nonspecific. The presence of wt CRP enhanced the strength of the interaction of core RNAP with the promoter, and even in the case of gal promoter it made this interaction specific (apparent binding constant 2.93 x 10(7) M(-1)). Holo RNAP bound the promoters significantly more strongly than core RNAP did (apparent binding constants 1.46 and 40.14 x 10(6) M(-1) for lac166 and gal178, respectively), and the presence of CRP also enhanced the strength of these interactions. The mutation in activator region 1 of CRP did not cause any significant disturbances in the holo RNAP-lac promoter interaction, but mutation in activator region 2 of the activator protein substantially weakened the RNAP-gal promoter interaction.
Photodynamic effect of lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: Jurczak Agata , Szramka Bozena , Grinholc Mariusz , Legendziewicz Janina , Bielawski Krzysztof P
Published: November 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), used for cancer treatment, is also an alternative method for eradication of drug-resistant bacteria. This method utilizes a nontoxic light-activated dye, called a photosensitizer, and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that lead to bacterial cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of PDT using lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureus strains. The new photosensitizers appeared to be photodynamically ineffective. No enhancement of antistaphylococcal activity of TMPyP was observed after the conjugation of the porphyrin with lanthanide ions. Additionally, a significant difference in the susceptibility of two bacterial strains to unmodified TMPyP was observed.
Cloning and partial characterization of a gene in Bombyx mori homologous to a human adiponectin receptor.
Authors: Zhu Minfeng , Chen Keping , Wang Yong , Guo Zhongjian , Yin Huijuan , Yao Qin , Chen Huiqin
Published: November 2019

In this study, we report the cloning and characteristics of an adiponectin-like receptor gene from Bombyx mori (BmAdipoR) with highly conserved deduced amino-acid sequences and similar structure to the human adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). Structural analysis of the translated cDNA suggested it encoded a membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains. BmAdipoR was found to be expressed in multiple tissues and highly expressed in Malpighian tubules, fat body and testis. BmNPV (Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus) bacmid system combined with confocal microscopy revealed that BmAdipoR was targeted to the cell membrane. We also found that infection with BmNPV did not have an effect on BmAdipoR mRNA quantity in the midgut of susceptible Bombyx mori strain (306) at 48 h, but BmAdipoR mRNA quantity increased significantly at 72 h. We concluded that BmAdipoR gene was a membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in Bombyx mori tissues and that its expression was altered by treating with BmNPV.
Molecular mechanism of PC12 cell death evoked by sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor.
Authors: Pytlowany Magdalena , Strosznajder Joanna B , Jeśko Henryk , Cakała Magdalena , Strosznajder Robert P
Published: November 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent extracellular and intracellular physiological messenger. However, NO liberated in excessive amounts can be involved in macromolecular and mitochondrial damage in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanism of its neurotoxic action is not fully understood. Our previous data indicated involvement of NO in the release of arachidonic acid (AA), a substrate for cyclo- and lipoxygenases (COX and LOX, respectively). In this study we investigated biochemical processes leading to cell death evoked by an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We found that SNP decreased viability of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. SNP at 0.1 mM caused a significant increase of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) protein level in mitochondria. Under these conditions 80% of PC12 cells survived. The enhancement of mitochondrial AIF level might protect most of PC12 cells against death. However, NO released from 0.5 mM SNP induced massive cell death but had no effect on protein level and localization of AIF and cytochrome c. Caspase-3 activity and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) protein levels were not changed. However, PARP activity significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of both COX isoforms and of 12/15-LOX significantly lowered the SNP-evoked cell death. We conclude that AIF, cytochrome c and caspase-3 are not responsible for the NO-mediated cell death evoked by SNP. The data demonstrate that NO liberated in excess decreases PARP-1 activity. Our results indicate that COX(s) and LOX(s) are involved in PC12 cell death evoked by NO released from its donor, SNP.
Overexpression of human CUTA isoform2 enhances the cytotoxicity of copper to HeLa cells.
Authors: Yang Jingchun , Li Qiang , Yang Huirong , Yan Lichong , Yang Liu , Yu Long
Published: November 2019

Copper, an essential transient element, can be toxic to cells when present in excess. Altered copper homeostasis is involved in pathological events of many diseases. Human CUTA isoform2 is a member of cation tolerance protein (CutA1) family. In this study, we examined the effect of CUTA isoform2 overexpression on copper toxicity. It was shown that overexpressed CUTA isoform2 sensitized HeLa cells to copper toxicity by promoting copper-induced apoptosis. The inhibition effect of excessive copper on cell proliferation was also enhanced by overexpressed CUTA isoform2. So CUTA isoform2 was implicated to be involved in the cytotoxicity of copper.
Expression characteristics of triplet repeat-containing RNAs and triplet repeat-interacting proteins in human tissues.
Authors: Jasinska Anna J , Kozlowski Piotr , Krzyzosiak Wlodzimierz J
Published: November 2019

Numerous human transcripts contain tandem repeats of trinucleotide motifs, the function of which remains unknown. In this study we used the available gene expression EST data to characterize the abundance of a large group of these transcripts in different tissues and determine the mRNAs which had the highest contribution to the observed levels of transcripts containing different types of the CNG repeats. A more extensive characteristics was performed for transcripts containing the CUG repeats, and those encoding the repeat-binding proteins. The scarcity of double-stranded CUG repeats as well as various proportions of the single-stranded and double-stranded CUG repeat-binding proteins were revealed in the studied transcriptomes. The observed correlated levels of transcripts containing single-stranded CUG repeats and of proteins binding single-stranded CUG repeats may imply that in addition to transcripts which only provide binding sites for these proteins there may be a substantial portion of the transcripts whose metabolism is directly regulated by such proteins. Our results showing a highly variable composition of triplet repeat-containing transcripts and their interacting proteins in different tissues may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of RNA-mediated pathogenesis in triplet repeat expansion diseases.
Metabolism of conjugated sterols in eggplant. Part 1. UDP-glucose : sterol glucosyltransferase.
Authors: Potocka Anna , Zimowski Jan
Published: November 2019

A membrane-bound UDP-glucose : sterol glucosyltransferase from Solanum melongena (eggplant) leaves was partially purified and its specificity as well as molecular and kinetic properties were defined. Among a wide spectrum of 3-OH steroids (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins) and triterpenic alcohols, the highest activity was found with 22-oxycholesterol. UDP-glucose appeared to be the best sugar donor. The enzyme preparation was also able to utilize UDP-galactose, TDP-glucose and CDP-glucose as a sugar source for sterol glucosylation, however, at distinctly lower rates. The investigated glucosyltrasferase was stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol, Triton X-100 and negatively charged phospholipids, and inhibited in the presence of UDP, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, divalent cations such as Zn(2+), Co(2+), high ionic strength, cholesteryl glucoside, galactoside and xyloside and some amino acid-modifying reagents (SITS, DIDS, PLP, DEPC, pCMBS, NEM, WRK and HNB). Our results suggest that unmodified residues of lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, histidine and dicarboxylic amino acids are essential for full enzymatic activity and indicate that a glutamic (or aspartic) acid residue is necessary for the binding of sugar donor, i.e. UDP-glucose in the active site of the GT-ase while histidine and cysteine residues are both important for the binding of the nucleotide-sugar as well as of the steroidal aglycone.
Modeling studies of potato nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase1: an insight into the catalytic mechanism.
Authors: Kozakiewicz Anna , Neumann Piotr , Banach Mariusz , Komoszyński Michał , Wojtczak Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase--NTPDase1 (apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) was modeled based on sequence homology. The single polypeptide chain of apyrase is folded into two domains. The putative catalytic site with the apyrase conserved regions (ACR 1-5) is located between these two domains. Modeling confirmed that apyrase belongs to the actin superfamily of proteins. The amino acids interacting with the nucleoside triphosphate substrate and probably involved in the catalyzed hydrolysis were identified. The proposed two-step catalytic mechanism of hydrolysis involves Thr127 and Thr55 as potential nucleophilic factors responsible for the cleavage of the Pgamma and Pbeta anhydride bonds, respectively. Their action seems to be assisted by Glu170 and Glu78 residues, respectively. The presence of two nucleophiles in the active site of apyrase explains the differences in the hydrolytic activity between apyrases and other enzymes belonging to the NTPDase family.
High light induced accumulation of two isoforms of the CF1 alpha-subunit in mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of C4 plants.
Authors: Romanowska Elzbieta , Powikrowska Marta , Zienkiewicz Maksymilian , Drozak Anna , Pokorska Berenika
Published: November 2019

The effect of light irradiance on the amount of ATP synthase alpha-subunit in mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) chloroplasts of C(4) species such as maize (Zea mays L., type NADP-ME), millet (Panicum miliaceum, type NAD-ME) and guinea grass (Panicum maximum, type PEP-CK) was investigated in plants grown under high, moderate and low light intensities equal to 800, 350 and 50 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The results demonstrate that alpha-subunit of ATP synthase in both M and BS chloroplasts is altered by light intensity, but differently in the investigated species. Moreover, we identified two isoforms of the CF(1) alpha-subunit, called alpha and alpha. The CF(1) alpha-subunit was the major isoform and was present in all light conditions, whereas alpha was the minor isoform in low light. A strong increase in the level of the alpha-subunit in maize mesophyll and bundle sheath thylakoids was observed after 50 h of high light treatment. The alpha and alpha-subunits from investigated C(4) species displayed apparent molecular masses of 64 and 67 kDa, respectively, on SDS/PAGE. The presence of the alpha-subunit of ATPase was confirmed in isolated CF(1) complex, where it was recognized by antisera to the alpha-subunit. The N-terminal sequence of alpha-subunit is nearly identical to that of alpha. Our results indicate that both isoforms coexist in M and BS chloroplasts during plant growth at all irradiances. We suggest the existence in M and BS chloroplasts of C(4) plants of a mechanism(s) regulating the ATPase composition in response to light irradiance. Accumulation of the alpha isoform may have a protective role under high light stress against over protonation of the thylakoid lumen and photooxidative damage of PSII.
Cytomegalovirus immediate early gene UL37 encodes a novel MHC-like protein.
Authors: Wyrwicz Lucjan S , Rychlewski Leszek
Published: November 2019

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome encodes four clusters of genes expressed immediately after infection--i.e.: UL36-38, UL122-123, TRS1-IRS1, and US3. The general function of these genes is associated with inhibition of cellular mechanisms of antiviral response. Although several biological processes have been mapped onto specific gene products, the knowledge of the molecular mechanism of their activity remains fragmentary. Here, we report the application of protein structure prediction methods in assigning the function to a glycosylated domain encoded by UL37 of CMV (gpUL37, UL37x3). The discerned similarity clearly points out that this domain represents a novel type of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like protein, and consequently may play a central role in an additional mechanism of escape from antiviral response.
Lactoferrin-monophosphoryl lipid A complex enhances immunity of mice to Plesiomonas shigelloides CNCTC 138/92.
Authors: Chodaczek Grzegorz , Zimecki Michal , Lukasiewicz Jolanta , Lugowski Czesław
Published: November 2019

Our previous study showed the efficacy of lactoferrin-monophosphoryl lipid A isolated from Hafnia alvei LPS complex (LF-MPL(H.a.)) as an adjuvant in stimulation of humoral and cellular immune response in mice to conventional antigens and a lower pyrogenicity of the complex as compared with MPL(H.a.) alone. In the present investigation we demonstrated that LF-MPL(H.a.) complex enhanced the immunity of BALB/c mice immunized with Plesiomonas shigelloides CNCTC 138/92 bacterial vaccine, against P. shigelloides infection. The adjuvant effect was evidenced by a significant increase of the antigen-specific serum IgG, IgG(2a), and IgG(1) and elevation of antigen-specific serum IgA concentrations. In addition, application of the adjuvant facilitated better clearance of the bacteria in spleens and livers of infected mice when compared with MPL(H.a.) alone. These features of the new adjuvant may predispose it for vaccination protocols in humans.
Tenocyclidine treatment in soman-poisoned rats--intriguing results on genotoxicity versus protection.
Authors: Petek Maja Jelena , Berend Suzana , Kopjar Nevenka , Zeljezić Davor , Mladinić Marin , Radić Bozica , Vrdoljak Ana Lucić
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the antidotal potency of tenocyclidine (TCP) that probably might protect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the case of organophosphate poisoning. TCP was tested alone as a pretreatment or in combination with atropine as a therapy in rats poisoned with (1/4) and (1/2) of LD(50) of soman. Possible genotoxic effects of TCP in white blood cells and brain tissue were also studied. Results were compared with previous findings on the adamantyl tenocyclidine derivative TAMORF. TCP given alone as pretreatment, 5 min before soman, seems to be superior in the protection of cholinesterase (ChE) catalytic activity in the plasma than in brain, especially after administration of the lower dose of soman. Plasma activities of the enzyme after a joint treatment with TCP and soman were significantly increased at 30 min (P
A diadenosine 5',5''-P1P4 tetraphosphate (Ap4A) hydrolase from Arabidopsis thaliana that is activated preferentially by Mn2+ ions.
Authors: Szurmak Blanka , Wysłouch-Cieszyńska Aleksandra , Wszelaka-Rylik Małgorzata , Bal Wojciech , Dobrzańska Marta
Published: November 2019

Asymmetrical diadenosine 5',5''-P(1)P(4) tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) hydrolases are key enzymes controlling the in vivo concentration of Ap(4)A--an important signaling molecule involved in regulation of DNA replication and repair, signaling in stress response and apoptosis. Sequence homologies indicate that the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains at least three open reading frames encoding presumptive Ap(4)A hydrolases: At1g30110, At3g10620, and At5g06340. In this work we present efficient overexpression and detailed biochemical characteristics of the AtNUDX25 protein encoded by the At1g30110 gene. Aided by the determination of the binding constants of Mn(Ap(4)A) and Mg(Ap(4)A) complexes using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) we show that AtNUDX25 preferentially hydrolyzes Ap(4)A in the form of a Mn(2+) complex.
Öğretim Elemanlarının Algıladıkları Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlalleri, Örgüte Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÖKTAŞ KULUALP Halime , KARADAĞ Doğan
Published: November 2019

Çalışma
koşullarındaki hızlı değişimler, çalışanların işine karşı algılarının
hassaslaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu hassas dönemde, çalışanı elde tutma
yollarından biri de yazısız sözleşmeler olarak bilinen psikolojik
sözleşmelerdir. Psikolojik sözleşmeler, çalışanların örgütlerine olan
bağlılıklarını etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda psikolojik sözleşme ihlal
algılarının akademisyenler üzerinde örgüte bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyetine
etkilerini belirlemek için tesadüfi yöntemle Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan 3 üniversite
belirlenmiş ve bu üniversitelerin akademik personeline online anket
uygulanmıştır.Yapılan analizler sonucunda algılanan psikolojik sözleşme
ihlallerinin örgüte bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir
etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca algılanan psikolojik sözleşme ihlallerinin
örgütsel bağlılığın alt boyutlarından olan duygusal bağlılık ve devamlılık
bağlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu saptanmış fakat bir diğer alt
boyut olan normatif bağlılık üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisi
bulunamamıştır.
Sosyal Beceri Eğitimine Katılan Psikolojik Danışman Adaylarının Görüşleri
Authors: CANPOLAT Murat , ATICI Meral
Published: November 2019

Sosyal beceri eğitimine katılan
psikolojik danışman adaylarının görüşlerinin incelendiği bu araştırmada nitel araştırma
desenlerinden biri olan “durum çalışması” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Mustafa
Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık lisans eğitimine
devam eden öğrencilerden seçilen katılımcılarla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama
aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Oturum Sonu Değerlendirme Formu”
ve “Genel Değerlendirme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi
ile çözümlenmiştir. Katılımcıların görüşleri elde edilen kazanım, yaşanan duygular,
yaşanan farkındalıklar, yaşanan zorluklar, becerinin işlevselliği, eğitim
program ve sürece ilişkin değerlendirmeler, becerinin geliştirilmesi için programa
yönelik öneri şeklinde kategorilere ayrılarak sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları,
sosyal beceri eğitiminin katılımcıların gelişimlerine katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.
Análisis de las políticas públicas del turismo sustentable en el Centro Histórico de Santiago de Querétaro
Authors: Orduña González Francisco , Dzib Can Ubaldo
Published: November 2019

El objetivo general de la investigación es realizar un análisis preliminar de los resultados de las políticas públicas que se han propuesto para desarrollar un turismo sustentable en el centro histórico de Santiago de Querétaro. La política pública elegida para este análisis es la que fue impulsada en el período 2012- 2018 por la Secretaría de Turismo (SECTUR) con el nombre de “Agendas de Competitividad para el Desarrollo del Turismo de México”, específicamente, la elaborada para Santiago de Querétaro (ACDTMQ). Esta iniciativa se encuentra alineada con los tres niveles de gobierno, y en su elaboración participaron instituciones de educación superior y la comunidad anfitriona. Metodológicamente, se analiza la primera meta del Plan de Acción de la ACDTMQ por ser la destinada a la sustentabilidad turística: “Desarrollar un turismo sustentable, preservando la riqueza natural y cultural de México”, por medio de informes de gobierno, entrevistas a servidores públicos, empresarios, comerciantes, turistas y habitantes del centro histórico, en complemento con observación in situ.
Turismo de salud y redes colaborativas en innovación: caso los algodones, Baja California
Authors: Zermeño Flores Sonia Guadalupe , Amaya Molinar Carlos Mario , Cuevas Contreras Tomás Jesús
Published: November 2019

El análisis del turismo se expresa por medio de sistemas complejos compuestos por el aglutinamiento de diversos agentes interesados, por esta razón, su funcionamiento depende de la gestión efectiva de las relaciones que se producen entre los distintos componentes del sistema turístico. Bajo este entendido, la presente investigación es un estudio de caso que busca discutir las redes de colaboración entre actores y stakeholders de turismo de salud en Los Algodones, Baja California, que han permitido la generación de innovación en productos/servicios, procesos, organización y mercadotecnia. Por lo anterior, se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo cualitativo que consistió en el desarrollo de una mesa de discusión que reunió a agentes interesados en el sistema turístico de servicios de salud. En dicha mesa se expresaron opiniones sobre las estrategias de colaboración entre actores y stakeholders de turismo de salud y las acciones emprendidas en innovación para maximizar la competitividad y la sostenibilidad de la actividad turística. Se concluye que el turismo de salud en Los Algodones se encuentra en etapa de transición entre la cooperación y la colaboración entre agentes interesados y en proceso de consolidación como sistema abierto y altamente competitivo.
Municipios turísticos en Quintana Roo: origen y problemáticas
Authors: Cárdenas Gómez Erika Patricia
Published: November 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación que guarda la actividad turística en México con el proceso de creación de municipios en el estado de Quintana Roo. Por cuestiones de espacio, únicamente se estudiaron en profundidad los municipios de reciente constitución, los cuales son Solidaridad (1993), Tulum (2008), Bacalar (2011) y Puerto Morelos (2015). La presente investigación corresponde a un estudio exploratorio; para llevarla a cabo fue necesario hacer una revisión bibliográfica, documental y hemerográfica, así mismo, se solicitó información vía Infomex a los municipios estudiados. Entre los hallazgos se enfatiza que la actividad turística en Quintana Roo ha dado origen a la constitución de nuevos municipios.
The Redefinition of Foreign Policy of the United States since Trump’s Election: The Case of Trade War with China
Authors: Jaskuła Paweł
Published: November 2019

The main aim of this text is to present economic relations between China and the US today. The election of Donald Trump in 2016, significantly redefined American trade policy toward China. Despite the first months of his presidency, which promised an efficient, long-term cooperation between Beijing and Washington, incumbent president decided to implement severe restriction on the trade with China at the beginning of 2018. However, the announced imposition of tariffs on almost all goods coming from this country could interfere with the growth of the single states and the economy of the whole country in the future. Therefore the text is aimed to investigate the  ependency of selected states on the inflows of Chinese investments since 2010. Finally, it is necessary to examine the phenomenon of the trade war, which has begun in July 2018, and assess its impact on the growth of both countries.
Seven Aspects of the Great Steppe in the Modern Kazakh Prose – the National Conception of Eternal Nation and Art Discourse
Authors: Ismakova Aigul , Akysh Nurdaulet , Akhmetova Ainur , Kaliyeva Almira , Shortanbayev Shokhan
Published: November 2019

This research aims to identify the role and place of the ideological concepts of the “Eternal Nation” and “The Great Steppe” in Kazakh literature. For this, it uses methods of stylistic analysis of literary works from the perspective of identifying communication symbols in prose. Additional research methods are the method of historical analysis of the ideological concepts formation and a cross-disciplinary approach to the interpretation of the content of works. The reasons for the strong influence of these concepts on the culture of modern Kazakhstan are justified. A symbol code is discovered through which writers reflected the state of public life in Kazakhstan. The research is one of the first attempts to review and analyse the stories of Kazakh literature published in the 21st century. The stories are specially classified in the thematic and content context, the scientific conclusions for the artistic world of the works, language and style features of the works are presented, whereby the authors of the study set a precedent for systematising disparate knowledge of modern Kazakh literature.
The Role of Language in Intercultural Communication
Authors: Seregina Tatiana , Zubanova Svetlana , Druzhinin Viktor , Shagivaleeva Guzalia
Published: November 2019

Intercultural dialogue as a critical component of modern society should contribute to the self-identification of a person in the cultural space. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of multiculturalism— learning a second language in the Russian system of higher education. To accomplish the research objectives, 78 students were recruited at Tula State University, 158 students at Kuban State University and 152 technical students at Moscow Aviation Institute. Analysing and comparing experiments on learning a second language, the findings determine the effective methods and forms of teaching. In doing so, the research foregrounds some forms of effective teaching and indicates the ways to achieve them. In other words, the findings made it possible to identify the effective strategies for teaching a foreign language both in local and global level.
Assessment of the Tax Culture and the Size of the Shadow Economy in European Studies
Authors: Endovitsky D.A. , Lomsadze D.G.
Published: November 2019

In the article, the authors analyse problems related to the interdependence of a country’s tax culture and the size of its shadow economy on the basis of fundamental scientific approaches and results of modern studies conducted by European scientists.
PUBLIC SPACE DAN PRIVATE SPACE - POSISI STRATEGIS PERPUSTAKAAN DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORATIF
Authors: Istiana Purwani
Published: November 2019

The library has the resources in the form of a library room that can be optimized to provide support to collaborative learning. Library as a public space open for anyone to come, move, and enjoy the facilities of library. Library room with the support of information and communication technology-enabled to support collaborative learning process. Limitations of classrooms available on formal and informal education supported by information and communication technologies to make the library into a public space that is appropriate as the choice of implementation of the learning process. The availability of private space in a library makes the library has the advantage not only of space and collaborative learning facilities, but also a pleasant experience for pemustaka. The library is a public space, also the private sphere that gives comfort pemustaka for collaborative learning both online and offl ine. The space is fl exible and responsive to the needs pemustaka become an important point in developing and optimizing the space available libraries.

Keywords: library, public space; private space, collaborative learning
MENGEMBANGKAN BUDAYA BACA TULIS SEBAGAI PROSES MEMBENTUK KARAKTER
Authors: Fatmawati Endang
Published: November 2019

A strong correlation exists between reading ability and writing ability. Reading
is the window of the world. To produce quality writing then requires the process of
internalization of knowledge by reading. Reading can build a person’s character,
ranging from the appearance of taste, then there is interest, created habits, until
finally formed the character of reading. Subsequently writing becomes a process of
externalization of knowledge, from what is thought then poured it into writing. Writing
media can be either printed documents or through online documents. Thus, writing is
essentially a process of thinking. Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are the
outputs of competence that a person must have after he reads.
Keywords: reading, writing, character, reading culture,critical thinking
Ecofisiologia e rendimento forrageiro do capim elefante roxo em função de adubação nitrogenada
Authors: Aires Souza J.T. , De Farias Ramos J.P. , Fernandes Costa R. , Lima Araújo D. , Correia Guedes P.L. , Pontes Freitas R. , Silva Ribeiro J.E. , Ribeiro Cavalcante V.
Published: November 2019

A maximização da produtividade vegetal é almejada em qualquer cultivo, inclusive de Pennisetum purpureum, entretanto, isto depende do estado nutricional das plantas, nesse aspecto o nitrogênio exerce função essencial. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os aspectos ecofisiológicos e o rendimento forrageiro do capim elefante roxo em função de adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Alagoinha, pertencente à Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba, localizada no município de Alagoinha, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg de N ha-¹. As variáveis avaliadas foram: índice de clorofila a, b e total, fotossíntese líquida, concentração interna de carbono, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação, eficiência do uso da chuva, pegada hídrica cultural, eficiência de uso do nitrogênio, produtividade de matéria verde e seca e capacidade de suporte para vacas leiteiras. O aumento das doses de N estimula positivamente os índices de clorofila, trocas gasosas, eficiência de uso da chuva, pegada hídrica cultural, produtividade e capacidade de suporte animal do capim elefante roxo, entretanto, reduz a eficiência de uso do N.
Modificación Diluída de Colores en Ovinos Shetland y Ouessant
Authors: Wendelboe L. , Hemming R. , Sponenberg D.P.
Published: November 2019

Ovinos de la raza Shetland mostraban vellones de varios colores, los cuales variaban de oscuro a claro en un grupo basado en el negro (negro, negro cálido, café oscuro, y estaño) y otro basado en café (café, café claro, miel). Los ovinos produjeron 257 crias. Entre los colores mas diluidos, apareamientos de miel con miel solamente produjeron crias de color miel. Parejas estaño por estaño solamente produjeron crias de miel o estaño. Estos dos colores diluidos apereados con colores más oscuros, produjeron varios colores que concuerdan con un sistema de dos loci. En el cual el negro es dominante sobre el café en un locus (B), y los colores diluidos fueron recesivos respectos a los colores completamente intensos en un segundo locus (Mod que significa Modificado). Ambos loci tienen algún grado de dominancia incompleta, que representa la gama completa de colores de vellóon. Los resultados de la raza Ouessant incluyeron 41 crías, todos de colores del grupo basado en el negro. Los resultados de Ouessant son similares a ellos de Shetland, e indican que el mecanismo para la dilución del color de los vellones ocurre en varias razas.
Efeitos da ingestão diária de leite in natura produzido por vacas criadas em diferentes sistemas de menejo sobre variáveis sanguíneas, saúde intestinal e ganho de peso em um modelo animal
Authors: Glombowsky V. , Soldá N.M. , Campigotto G. , Volpato A. , Gebert R.R. , Reis J.H. , Gris A. , Mendes R.E. , Da Silva A.S.
Published: November 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o leite de vaca produzido em diferentes sistemas (confinamento ou a pasto) quando consumido interfere em parâmetros sanguíneos e saúde intestinal, assim como a importância do consumo leite diária no crescimento do animal, modelo experimental. Para isso, foram utilizados leite in natura oriundo de duas propriedades com diferentes sistemas de criação (Free Stall – confinado; extensivo - a pastagem) comparado ao leite pasteurizado (UHT), usado como controle. A composição centesimal dos leites foi analisada, separado em alíquotas e posteriormente congelado. 28 ratos foram usados como modelo experimental (modelo animal), por um período de 30 dias, sendo estes divididos em quatro grupos com sete animais cada: leite das vacas criadas no sistema Free Stall (GFS), leite das vacas criadas no sistema a pasto (GP), leite das vacas pasteurizado (GUHT), e animais sem consumo de leite (GC). Volume de 0,7 mL de leite foi oferecido diariamente. Quando comparado ao grupo controle (GC) verificamos diferença (P0.05), no entanto, o tamanho de cripta foi maior nos grupos GP e GFS (P
SPE Strong: Strengthening Our Core: Strengthening the Tools and Methods We Use To Disseminate Knowledge to Members
Authors: Noonan Shauna
Published: November 2019

President's column

“To collect, exchange, and disseminate technical knowledge” are not only the first seven words of SPE’s mission, but also what our society has excelled at over its storied history. Sharing industry knowledge has allowed members to advance their careers, inspired new technologies, and served as the key differentiator between SPE and other societies. SPE’s technical content is available in many forms, such as manuscripts, journals, newsletters, and webinars. In my October JPT column, I stressed the importance of ensuring this content maintains the highest quality as we continue to transition into new methods of delivering information. Even the highest-quality content will gather dust if not being used by our members. As more young people join our industry, we must be mindful that the way they share and consume information is very different. In 2008, the largest segment of SPE membership was 50 to 54 years old. Ten years later, the demographics have shifted such that 30- to 34-year-olds comprise the largest segment of our membership. This shift has many implications for what SPE needs to do.

Through my travels to different sections and student chapters over the past few years, I have been asking three questions: How many regularly read JPT? How many read papers from OnePetro? How many have watched an SPE webinar?

It is usually our more senior members that raise their hands to these questions. The average age of our professional membership varies among regions, which means in some locations, I get half, or even far fewer, hands raised in response to my questions. While we still have many members that can remember a world before home computers, in many areas, more of our members have never experienced a world without computers. Many of the students entering university now have never known a world without smart handheld devices and Google. SPE must serve the needs and expectations of the full spectrum of our membership, respecting the differences in how they access and retain information.

Our 2005 SPE President, Giovanni Paccaloni, was a champion for the millennial generation and led the creation of the Young Professionals Program as a way to attract and retain them. Similarly, in 2015, then-President Helge Haldorsen launched “SPE 2.0,” a strategy to revise and modernize core programs to keep pace with the industry. This strategy also led to the creation of webinars and the greater accessibility of tools on the SPE website. As Gen Z joins our industry and the digital oil field becomes a reality, SPE must adapt how we collect and disseminate knowledge to reflect the needs and expectations of our changing industry. It is imperative that we demonstrate the value of SPE membership to post-graduation professionals.