bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering and Targeting Neutrophils for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Gu Jianmei , Wang Xu , Ji Cheng , Yu Dan , Wang Maoye , Pan Jianming , Santos Hélder A. , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Xu
Published: February 2024

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation and act as the first line of defense against infections. Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils possess heterogeneous phenotypes and functional plasticity in human health and diseases, including cancer. Neutrophils play multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression, and an N1/N2 paradigm of neutrophils in cancer is proposed, where N1 neutrophils exert anti‐tumor properties while N2 neutrophils display tumor‐supportive and immune‐suppressive functions. Selective activation of beneficial neutrophil population and targeted inhibition or re‐polarization of tumor‐promoting neutrophils has shown an important potential in tumor therapy. In addition, due to the natural inflammation‐responsive and physical barrier‐crossing abilities, neutrophils and their derivatives (membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs)) are regarded as advanced drug delivery carriers for enhanced tumor targeting and improved therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the recent advances in engineering neutrophils for drug delivery and targeting neutrophils for remodeling tumor microenvironment (TME) are comprehensively presented. This review will provide a broad understanding of the potential of neutrophils in cancer therapy.
Efficient Thermal Management with Selective Metamaterial Absorber for Boosting Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation under Sunlight
Authors: Liu Shengkun , Wang Xin , Chen Yihong , Li Yaping , Wei Yu , Shao Tianyi , Ma Jun , Jiang Wenbin , Xu Junchi , Dong Yueyue , Wang Chengming , Liu Hengjie , Gao Chao , Xiong Yujie
Published: February 2024

Photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is a prospective strategy to simultaneously reduce CO2 emission and generate value‐added fuels. However, the demand of extremely intense light hinders its development in practical applications. Herein, this work reports the novel design of Ni‐based selective metamaterial absorber and employs it as the photothermal catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation. The selective absorption property reduces the heat loss caused by radiation while possessing effectively solar absorption, thus substantially increasing local photothermal temperature. Notably, the enhancement of local electric field by plasmon resonance promotes the adsorption and activation of reactants. Moreover, benefiting from the ingenious morphology that Ni nanoparticles (NPs) are encapsulated by SiO2 matrix through co‐sputtering, the greatly improved dispersion of Ni NPs enables enhancing the contact with reaction gas and preventing the agglomeration. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits an unprecedented CO2 conversion rate of 516.9 mmol gcat−1 h−1 under 0.8 W cm−2 irradiation, with near 90% CO selectivity and high stability. Significantly, this designed photothermal catalyst demonstrates the great potential in practical applications under sunlight. This work provides new sights for designing high‐performance photothermal catalysts by thermal management.
Quantifying Dielectric Material Charge Trapping and De‐Trapping Ability Via Ultra‐Fast Charge Self‐Injection Technique
Authors: Xu Shuyan , Wang Jian , Wu Huiyuan , Zhao Qionghua , Li Gui , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , Li Kaixian , Zhang Zhiyi , Hu Chenguo
Published: February 2024

Recently, utilizing the air breakdown effect in the charge excitation strategy proves as an efficient charge injection technique to increase the surface charge density of dielectric polymers for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, quantitative characterization of the ability of dielectric polymers to trap reverse charges and the effect on the startup time of secondary self‐charge excitation (SSCE) are essential for extensive applications. Here, an ultra‐fast charge self‐injection technique based on a self‐charge excitation strategy is proposed, and a standard method to quantify the charge trapping and de‐trapping abilities of 23 traditional tribo‐materials is introduced. Further, the relationship among the distribution of dielectric intrinsic deep, shallow trap states, and transportation of trapped charges is systematically analyzed in this article. It shows that the de‐trapping rate of charges directly determines the reactivation and failure of SSCE. Last, independent of TENG contact efficiency, an ultra‐high charge density of 2.67 mC m−2 and an ultra‐fast startup time of SSCE are obtained using a 15 µm poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) film, breaking the historical record for material modification. As a standard for material selection, this work quantifies the charge trapping and de‐trapping ability of the triboelectric dielectric series and provides insights for understanding the charge transport in dielectrics.
Establishing Pinhole Deposition Mode of Zn via Scalable Monolayer Graphene Film
Authors: Zou Yuhan , Wu Yuzhu , Wei Wenze , Qiao Changpeng , Lu Miaoyu , Su Yiwen , Guo Wenyi , Yang Xianzhong , Song Yuqing , Tian Meng , Dou Shixue , Liu Zhongfan , Sun Jingyu
Published: February 2024

The uneven texture evolution of Zn during electrodeposition would adversely impact upon the lifespan of aqueous Zn metal batteries. To address this issue, tremendous endeavors are made to induce Zn(002) orientational deposition employing graphene and its derivatives. Nevertheless, the effect of prototype graphene film over Zn deposition behavior has garnered less attention. Here, it is attempted to solve such a puzzle via utilizing transferred high‐quality graphene film with controllable layer numbers in a scalable manner on a Zn foil. The multilayer graphene fails to facilitate a Zn epitaxial deposition, whereas the monolayer film with slight breakages steers a unique pinhole deposition mode. In‐depth electrochemical measurements and theoretical simulations discover that the transferred graphene film not only acts as an armor to inhibit side reactions but also serves as a buffer layer to homogenize initial Zn nucleation and decrease Zn migration barrier, accordingly enabling a smooth deposition layer with closely stacked polycrystalline domains. As a result, both assembled symmetric and full cells manage to deliver satisfactory electrochemical performances. This study proposes a concept of “pinhole deposition” to dictate Zn electrodeposition and broadens the horizons of graphene‐modified Zn anodes.
Tandem Hydrogen‐Borrowing Dehydrogenative Coupling and Hydrodefluorination
Authors: Sidhu Baldeep K. , Mondal Rajarshi , Herbert David E.
Published: February 2024

Dehydrogenative coupling (DC) is an attractive approach to constructing new C−N bonds using alcohols as electrophiles. In ‘hydrogen‐borrowing’ variants of DC, the H2 liberated can be used to re‐hydrogenate unsaturated intermediates to produce saturated products. Here, we show how so‐generated H2 can also be used to replace fluorine atoms with hydrogens in CF3 groups in a tandem dehydrogenative coupling/hydrodefluorination process.
Machine Learning Design of Perovskite Catalytic Properties
Authors: Jacobs Ryan , Liu Jian , Abernathy Harry , Morgan Dane
Published: February 2024

Discovering new materials that efficiently catalyze the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions is critical for facilitating the widespread adoption of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolyzer (SOFC/SOEC) technologies. Here, machine learning (ML) models are developed to predict perovskite catalytic properties critical for SOFC/SOEC applications, including oxygen surface exchange, oxygen diffusivity, and area specific resistance (ASR). The models are based on trivial‐to‐calculate elemental features and are more accurate and dramatically faster than the best models based on ab initio‐derived features, potentially eliminating the need for ab initio calculations in descriptor‐based screening. The model of ASR enables temperature‐dependent predictions, has well calibrated uncertainty estimates and online accessibility. Use of temporal cross‐validation reveals the model to be effective at discovering new promising materials prior to their initial discovery, demonstrating the model can make meaningful predictions. Using the SHapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP) approach, detailed discussion of different approaches of model featurization is provided for ML property prediction. Finally, the model is used to screen more than 19 million perovskites to develop a list of promising cheap, earth‐abundant, stable, and high performing materials, and find some top materials contain mixtures of less‐explored elements (e.g., K, Bi, Y, Ni, Cu) worth exploring in more detail.
Acreage and farm investments decisions amidst uncertainty: A case study of rural India
Authors: Ajewole Kayode , Mishra Ashok K. , Villacis Alexis
Published: February 2024

This study provides evidence‐based information on the impact of the pandemic lockdown and other COVID‐19‐related policies on Indian rural households' decisions on‐farm investments and operations (planting and borrowing decisions). The study uses the World Bank's (2021) high‐frequency rural household‐level survey across six states of India for the 2020 Kharif crop season. Our analyses also show that farm households exhibit differences in their perception of the pandemic's impact on their farming operations. In terms of input cost, farm households exhibited heterogeneous reactions to input costs like fertilizer during the early part of the pandemic. Our results also show that government incentives in the form of cash transfers do not significantly impact households' farm operations decisions (including loan acquisitions). [EconLit Citations: C36, D19, Q12, R20].
Estimating potential gains from agricultural cooperative mergers
Authors: Ofori Eric , Yeager Elizabeth A. , Briggeman Brian C.
Published: February 2024

This study uses an ex ante data envelopment analysis approach to examine potential gains that US agricultural cooperatives may accrue from mergers. Empirical estimations utilize data from CoBank, a lender to cooperatives, consisting of 749 midwestern agricultural cooperative observations from 2011 to 2015. Potential overall merger effects are decomposed into learning effects, scope effects, and scale effects. Findings show that less other unique merger costs such as legal fees, there are significant overall potential gains in profits from mergers. Relatively smaller merged cooperatives will accrue more gains in profits compared with their larger counterparts  [EconLit Citations: Q13, D20, G34].
Introduction to Agribusiness special issue: Economics of food reformulation
Authors: Rojas Christian , Jaenicke Edward
Published: February 2024

We provide an introduction to the Special Issue on the Economics of Food Reformulation.
Can health trump taste? Implicit and explicit attitudes toward sugar‐reduction claims and their differentiated impact on purchase intention for cereals
Authors: Neubig Christina M. , Staudigel Matthias , Roosen Jutta
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the implicit and explicit health–taste tradeoffs that consumers make in response to sugar‐reduction claims on chocolate cereals. We collect implicit measures through an Implicit Association Test, explicit perceptions of health and taste properties, and statements regarding product liking and purchase intention through a questionnaire. Based on a path analysis, we assess the relative strength of the indirect effects of sugar‐reduction claims mediated by health and taste perceptions, as well as the direct effects on purchase intention. The results indicate that sugar‐reduction claims decrease taste perceptions, increase health perceptions, and have only minor negative effects on product liking, but increase purchase intentions. Most participants show an implicit “unhealthy = tasty” intuition, which can be offset by moderate to high health consciousness. The implications for marketing and policymakers are twofold. First, our study shows that sugar‐reduction claims are effective in addressing the original target group of health‐conscious consumers. Second, our results suggest that the health–taste tradeoff is not prohibitively detrimental to purchase intentions among less health‐conscious consumers. Potential instruments to increase the market share in this segment are discussed [EconLit Citations: I18, D12, D83].
Flash Joule‐heating synthesis of MoO2 nanocatalysts in graphene aerogel for deep catalytic oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Heng , Huang Peng , Zhou Wenyu , Kulak Alexander , Luo Ningjing , Li Qun
Published: February 2024

Ultra‐high‐temperature flash Joule‐heating of organometallic precursor‐embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel represents a highly efficient approach for the ultrafast production of nanocatalysts, while such a methodology has been scarcely applied to 3D nanocarbon‐based aerogel monoliths. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid synthesis of MoO2 nanoparticles within the aerogel matrix via a 1‐s high‐temperature flash Joule‐heating process (~1700°C), resulting in the formation of the hybrid MoO2@rGO aerogel with uniformly distributed nanoparticles. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis indicates discernible internal microstructural disparities attributed to the additional 1‐s flash‐heating and the substantial generation of MoO2 nanoparticles. This aerogel exhibits exceptional catalytic functionality, achieving up to 99.8% efficiency in converting dibenzothiophene to dibenzothiophene sulfone. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the catalytic mechanism, revealing that the Mo center shows accumulated electron density contributed from the electron‐rich graphene substrate. This electron density enhancement significantly enhances the catalytic activity, enabling deep desulfurization. The proposed flash nanocatalyst synthesis approach presented here can be extended to fabricate multimetallic nanocatalysts and high‐entropy alloys within the cylindrical aerogel entity, exhibiting great potential for applications in industry‐relevant flow chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial catalysis, and beyond.
Advances towards genome‐based acute myeloid leukemia classification: A comparative analysis of WHO‐HAEM4R, WHO‐HAEM5, and International Consensus Classification
Authors: Chen Xue , Yuan Lili , Zhang Yang , Wang Fang , Ma Xiaoli , Fang Jiancheng , Cao Panxiang , Liu Yijun , Liu Zhixiu , Liu Ming , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Xiaosu , Liu Mingyue , Jin David , Wang Tong , Lu Peihua , Liu Hongxing
Published: February 2024

Two recent guidelines, the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO‐HAEM5) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), were published to refine the diagnostic criteria of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They both consider genomic features more extensively and expand molecularly defined AML subtypes. In this study, we compared the classifications of 1135 AML cases under both criteria. According to WHO‐HAEM5 and ICC, the integration of whole transcriptome sequencing, targeted gene mutation screening, and conventional cytogenetic analysis identified defining genetic abnormalities in 89% and 90% of AML patients, respectively. The classifications displayed discrepancies in 16% of AML cases after being classified using the two guidelines, respectively. Both new criteria significantly reduce the number of cases defined by morphology and differentiation. However, their clinical implementation heavily relies on comprehensive and sophisticated genomic analysis, including genome and transcriptome levels, alongside the assessment of pathogenetic somatic and germline variations. Discrepancies between WHO‐HAEM5 and ICC, such as the assignment of RUNX1 mutations, the rationality of designating AML with mutated TP53 as a unique entity, and the scope of rare genetic fusions, along with the priority of concurrent AML‐defining genetic abnormalities, are still pending questions requiring further research for more elucidated insights.
Expanding the phenotype of UPF3B‐related disorder: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Romano Ferruccio , Haanpää Maria K. , Pomianowski Pawel , Peraino Amanda Rose , Pollard John R. , Di Feo Maria Francesca , Traverso Monica , Severino Mariasavina , Derchi Maria , Henzen Edoardo , Zara Federico , Faravelli Francesca , Capra Valeria , Scala Marcello
Published: February 2024

UPF3B encodes the Regulator of nonsense transcripts 3B protein, a core‐member of the nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay pathway, protecting the cells from the potentially deleterious actions of transcripts with premature termination codons. Hemizygous variants in the UPF3B gene cause a spectrum of neuropsychiatric issues including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia/childhood‐onset schizophrenia (COS). The number of patients reported to date is very limited, often lacking an extensive phenotypical and neuroradiological description of this ultra‐rare syndrome. Here we report three subjects harboring UPF3B variants, presenting with variable clinical pictures, including cognitive impairment, central hypotonia, and syndromic features. Patients 1 and 2 harbored novel UPF3B variants—the p.(Lys207*) and p.(Asp429Serfs*27) ones, respectively—while the p.(Arg225Lysfs*229) variant, identified in Patient 3, was already reported in the literature. Novel features in our patients are represented by microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, and brain malformations. Then, we reviewed pertinent literature and compared previously reported subjects to our cases, providing possible insights into genotype–phenotype correlations in this emerging condition. Overall, the detailed phenotypic description of three patients carrying UPF3B variants is useful not only to expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of UPF3B‐related disorders, but also to ameliorate the clinical management of affected individuals.
A longitudinal characterization of the adaptive and behavioral profile in Sotos syndrome
Authors: Siracusano Martina , Dante Caterina , Sarnataro Rachele , Arturi Lucrezia , Riccioni Assia , Carloni Elisa , Cicala Mariagrazia , Gialloreti Leonardo Emberti , Galasso Cinzia , Conteduca Giuseppina , Coviello Domenico , Mazzone Luigi
Published: February 2024

Delineation of a developmental and behavioral trajectory is a key‐topic in the context of a genetic syndrome. Short‐ and long‐term implications concerning school outcome, independent living, and working opportunities are strictly linked to the cognitive and behavioral profile of an individual. For the first time, we present a longitudinal characterization of the adaptive and behavioral profile of a pediatric sample of 32 individuals with Sotos Syndrome (SoS) (18 males, 14 females; mean age 9.7 ± 4 years, eight carrying the NSD1 5q35 microdeletion and 24 with an intragenic mutation). We performed two clinical assessments: at baseline (T0) and at distance evaluation (T1) of adaptive and behavioral skills with a mean distance of 1.56 ± 0.95 years among timepoints. Our study reports a stability over the years—meant as lack of statistically significant clinical worsening or improvement—of both adaptive and behavioral skills investigated, regardless the level of Intellectual Quotient and chronological age at baseline. However, participants who did not discontinue intervention among T0 and T1, were characterized by a better clinical profile in terms of adaptive skills and behavioral profile at distance, emphasizing that uninterrupted intervention positively contributes to the developmental trajectory.
Investigating alpha‐synuclein co‐pathology in Alzheimer's disease by means of cerebrospinal fluid alpha‐synuclein seed amplification assay
Authors: Bellomo Giovanni , Toja Andrea , Paolini Paoletti Federico , Ma Yihua , Farris Carly M. , Gaetani Lorenzo , Salvadori Nicola , Chiasserini Davide , Wojdaƚa Anna Lidia , Concha‐Marambio Luis , Parnetti Lucilla
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION

Lewy body disease, a frequently observed co‐pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be identified antemortem in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by α‐synuclein seed amplification assay (αS‐SAA). The prevalence and clinical impact of CSF αS‐SAA positivity in AD are still unknown.

METHODS

αS‐SAA was performed on CSF samples from 240 AD patients (preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages), 85 controls, 84 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 21 patients with PD with dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies. In AD patients, associations between αS‐SAA positivity and cognitive changes were also evaluated.

RESULTS

In agreement with available neuropathological studies, αS‐SAA positivity was observed in 30% of AD patients (vs 9% in controls), and was associated with cognitive decline, visuospatial impairment, and behavioral disturbances.

DISCUSSION

αS‐SAA positivity in AD patients reflects the prevalence observed in neuropathological series and is associated with a worse clinical outcome. These data confirm the validity of CSF αS‐SAA positivity as biomarker of synucleinopathy.
Study on thermodynamic response in liquefied natural gas storage tanks under static pressurization and sloshing conditions
Authors: Sun Xinshan , Liu Zhan , Xue Wenlong , Yang Yunfan
Published: February 2024

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming a potential power fuel in ocean transport and will be widely utilized in the near future. However, severe thermodynamic imbalance issues, caused by environmental heat leakage and external sloshing disturbances, must to be efficiently addressed to improve the operation reliability and safety storage of LNG fuel tanks. In this paper, a comprehensive theoretical model is developed to investigate the thermal response in a type C LNG storage tank, with consideration of composition migration, heat penetration, liquid evaporation, fluid sloshing, and vapor pressure rise. The prediction accuracy of the theoretical model is validated by comparing with selected tank pressurization experiments, with deviation limited within 5.0%. Based on the theoretical model, the aging process of LNG is first involved. The variations of composition migration in vapor and liquid regions are specially considered and discussed. During static pressurization, the thermal physical performance, including tank pressure rise, vapor temperature change, and boil‐off gas (BOG) generation, is detailedly researched under heat penetration. Finally, the effect of external sloshing excitation on thermal behavior in LNG fuel tanks is explored. Compared to static pressurization, external sloshing excitation causes obvious influences on thermodynamic performance of LNG tanks, including promotion on tank pressure and enhancement of heat and mass transfer. With some valuable conclusions achieved, this work is significant to comprehensive understanding on the thermal response of LNG storage tanks under different operation conditions.
Enhancing attraction and aggregation of desert locusts for efficient harvesting: Push–pull approach
Authors: Aguk Joseph Odhiambo , Mweresa Collins Kalwale , Ayieko Monica Awuor
Published: February 2024

Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) pose a significant threat to food security. However, they also serve as a nutrient‐rich delicacy in many African and Arabic communities where they are traditionally harvested for food and feed. Traditional harvesting methods are inefficient, laborious, and time‐consuming; hence, there is a need to explore more convenient and efficient techniques. This study assessed preferential selection and feeding behavior of desert locusts to identify trap plants that could attract and aggregate them for easy harvesting. Four trap plants (cowpea, finger millet, sorghum, and amaranth) and four repellent plants (neem, pencil cactus, garlic, and cayenne red pepper) were evaluated through multiple‐choice experiments. A randomized complete block design involving mature adult, immature adult, and hopper stages of desert locusts was used. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of repellent and trap plants on feeding preferences of desert locusts. Mean differences between treatments at p < 0.05 were separated using post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference. Cowpea as the most preferred trap plant attracted 62.7%, 70.7%, and 76.9% of mature adult, immature adult, and hopper locust stages, respectively. Neem exhibited the most potent repellent effect and attracted no desert locusts for feeding. Neem repelled locusts, thereby reducing infestation and damage of cowpea as a pull plant when both plants were grown in the same pot in a “push–pull” system. The push–pull attracted 3.7%, 24.3%, and 7.8% of mature adult, immature adult, and hopper locust stages, respectively. However, cowpea attracted large numbers of locusts (96.3% mature adults, 75.7% immature adults, and 92.2% hoppers) when grown separately from neem. These findings provide valuable insights on the potential of exploiting traps and repellents to enhance aggregation and harvesting of desert locusts as food and feed.
Exploring reliable photogrammetry techniques for 3D modeling in anatomical research and education
Authors: Van Vlasselaer Nicolas , Keelson Benyameen , Scafoglieri Aldo , Cattrysse Erik
Published: February 2024

In anatomical research and education, three‐dimensional visualization of anatomical structures is crucial for understanding spatial relationships in diagnostics, surgical planning, and teaching. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer valuable insights, they are often expensive and require specialized resources. This study explores photogrammetry as an affordable and accessible approach for 3D modeling in anatomical contexts. Two photogrammetry methods were compared: conventional open‐source software (Colmap) and Apple's RealityKit Object Capture. Human C3 vertebrae were imaged with a 24 MP camera, with and without a cross‐polarization filter. Reconstruction times, vertex distances, surface area, and volume measurements were compared to CT scans. Results revealed that the Object Capture method surpassed the conventional approach in reconstruction speed and user‐friendliness. Both methods exhibited similar vertex distance from reference mesh and volume measurements, although the conventional approach produced larger surface areas compared to CT‐based models. Cross‐polarization filters eliminated the need for pre‐processing and improved outcomes in challenging lighting conditions. This study demonstrates that photogrammetry, especially Object Capture, as a reliable and time‐efficient tool for 3D modeling in anatomical research and education. It offers accessible alternatives to traditional techniques with advantages in texture mapping. While further validation of various anatomical structures is required, the accessibility and cost‐effectiveness of photogrammetry make it a valuable asset for the field. In summary, photogrammetry would have the potential to revolutionize anatomical research and education by providing cost‐effective, accessible, and accurate 3D modeling. The study underscores the promise of advancing anatomical research and education through the integration of photogrammetry with ongoing improvements in user‐friendliness and accessibility.
Evaluating the regulatory function of non‐coding autism‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms on gene expression in human brain tissue
Authors: Pugsley Kealan , Namipashaki Atefeh , Bellgrove Mark A. , Hawi Ziarih
Published: February 2024

Common variants account for most of the estimated heritability associated with autism spectrum disorder (autism). Although several replicable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the condition have been detected using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) methodologies, their pathophysiological relevance remains elusive. Examining this is complicated, however, as all detected loci are situated within non‐coding regions of the genome. It is therefore likely that they possess roles of regulatory function as opposed to directly affecting gene coding sequences. To bridge the gap between SNP discovery and mechanistic insight, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatic pipeline to functionally annotate autism‐associated polymorphisms and their non‐coding linkage disequilibrium (i.e., non‐randomly associated) partners. We identified 82 DNA variants of probable regulatory function that may contribute to autism pathogenesis. To validate these predictions, we measured the impact of 11 high‐confidence candidates and their GWAS linkage disequilibrium partners on gene expression in human brain tissue from Autistic and non‐Autistic donors. Although a small number of the surveyed variants exhibited measurable influence on gene expression as determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, these did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Additionally, no significant genotype‐by‐diagnosis effects were observed for any of the SNP‐gene associations. We contend that this may reflect an inability to effectively capture the modest, neurodevelopmental‐specific impact of individual variants on biological dysregulation in available post‐mortem tissue samples, as well as limitations in the existing autism GWAS data.
Valorization of coffee silverskin by cascade extraction of valuable biomolecules: preparation of eco‐friendly composites as the ultimate step
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Vannini Micaela , Sisti Laura , Marchese Paola , Mallegni Norma , Rodríguez Óscar , Kohnen Stéphan , Tchoumtchoua Job , Cinelli Patrizia , Celli Annamaria
Published: February 2024

This study presents a multidisciplinary approach for dealing with the environmental problems related to agro‐industrial coffee residues. The exploitation of these residues allows biomolecules to be obtained from renewable sources and enables the preparation of CO2‐neutral biocomposites, with the advantages of reducing fossil depletion, avoiding climate‐altering emissions, and limiting plastic pollution. Coffee silverskin (CSS), a by‐product deriving from coffee bean roasting, was subjected to different eco‐friendly extraction processes, such as ultrasound‐assisted, CO2‐supercritical, and water‐subcritical extractions to recover caffeine, phytosterols, and polyphenols. The residues remaining after the extractions were further valorized as fillers into biocomposites based on poly(1,4‐butylene succinate) (PBS). Biocomposites (filler content up to 30 wt%) were prepared by melt mixing, and they were characterized in terms of their thermal, mechanical, and morphological performance. The effect of the presence of residues derived from different extraction procedures on the resulting properties of biocomposites was assessed and discussed, and the ultrasound‐assisted treatment was found to leave the CSS residue as the most compatible with the PBS matrix. The results of this study indicate that the proposed bio‐refinery could successfully and fully valorize the CSS agro‐industrial residues, even in its ultimate step, producing biocomposites characterized by low economic and environmental impact; these new materials will be a possible bio‐alternative to the traditional polymers commonly used by the packaging industry.
‘You work, I copy’. Images, narratives and metaphors around academic plagiarism through Fotovoz
Authors: Sierra‐Martínez Silvia , Martínez‐Figueira María‐Esther , Castro Pais María Dolores , Pessoa Teresa
Published: February 2024

Academic integrity is part of the process that explains the communication of information in an ethical manner. Although the prevalence of dishonest acts at university has been noted, it is an aim of the educational system to analyse what motivates them from an age prior to their incorporation into university studies. The aim of this work is to collect the visual‐narrative representation of academic plagiarism made by secondary school and university students, as well as to analyse their perception of it and discover the keys that explain this malpractice. A participatory study was carried out, in which two high school students took on the role of co‐researchers in training. Information is collected from 178 students from three schools in Spain and Portugal through participatory photography or Photovoice. It is analysed with Maxqda22 software in two stages: (1) deductive analysis of the narratives, identifying categories and thematic codes, in a participatory way with the trainee researchers; and (2) inductive analysis of images and metaphorical expressions. The results allow us to outline three representations of the action of copying: as a punishable act, as a picaresque act and as a quick and easy opportunity for the student. This classification reveals the issues that dominate the discourse of the participants, suggesting the effects and causes that aggravate the commission of plagiarism: the simplicity of the process and the possibility of not being detected.
An idea to explore: Introduction of “biochemical tales” in medical education—Learning made fun
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
Published: February 2024

Innovations in medical education, including the integration of narrative‐based tales, are transforming the way complex biochemical concepts are taught and understood. In this “Idea to Explore”, the essence of integrating tales that personify molecules and depict biochemical processes as engaging stories to enhance student engagement, promote active learning, and improve knowledge retention is discussed. It also explores the effectiveness of scientific discovery games and traditional scientific stories in deepening students' interest in biochemistry. Highlighting the potential of narrative methods to make biochemistry more accessible and engaging, educators are encouraged to adopt creative teaching tools that promote critical thinking, problem‐solving, and communication skills, thereby inspiring active participation, and lifelong learning in biochemistry.
A comprehensive quality evaluation strategy of Shensong Yangxin capsules based on qualitative, fingerprint and quantitative analyses
Authors: Fu Zixuan , Zhang Yumeng , Jin Tong , Wang Zheyong , Zhao Chunjie , Zhao Min
Published: February 2024

Shensong Yangxin capsule (SSYXC), an effective Chinese patent medicine, has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, mainly for the treatment of coronary heart disease and ventricular premature beat. To further complete the quality evaluation of SSYXC, a comprehensive analysis strategy was established. Firstly, the components of SSYXC were qualitatively analysed using ultra‐high‐ performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. A total of 134 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Additionally, the fingerprint of SSYXC was established by HPLC, and the similarity of 10 batches of SSYXC was elucidated by similarity analysis. The result indicated that the consistency of chemical composition is good. Finally, to enhance the quality control of SSYXC, according to the results of the fingerprint analysis, the contents of the seven active components was determined, comprising morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin, salvianolic acid B, palmatine hydrochloride, berberine hydrochloride and tanshinone IIA. In conclusion, the established method, comprising identification of components, fingerprint analysis and quantification of multicomponents, can be sensitively and comprehensively applied to the quality evaluation of SSYXC, which can provide chemical ingredients bases for quality control and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of SSYXC, which could serve as a benchmark for controlling the quality of other Chinese patent medicines.
M2 tumor–associated macrophages and CXCL2 induce lipid remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Chen Yongling , Zhong Ziqing , Deng Yan , Lu Yu , Qin Xue
Published: February 2024

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Recently, many studies indicated that lipid remodeling plays an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC. Furthermore, lipids have been proven to be indispensable mediators in promoting communication between tumor cells and extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the process of lipid remodeling during HCC metastasis based on the LC–electrospray ionization–MS (LC–ESI–MS) combined with multiple reaction monitoring technology. M2 tumor–associated macrophages and the recombinant human protein CXCL2 were used to simulate the tumor microenvironment. After co‐incubating SMMC7721 and MHCC97‐H cell lines with M2 tumor‐associated macrophages or the recombinant human protein CXCL2 for 48 h, LC–ESI–MS was used to quantify the levels of two major classes of lipid molecules, namely, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Our results suggest that lipid remodeling in the tumor microenvironment may promote the migration and invasion of HCC cell lines.
Biochar for supercapacitor electrodes: Mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Ma Caiyu , Tang Longnian , Cheng Haiyun , Li Zhuangnan , Li Wenyao , He Guanjie
Published: February 2024

The utilization of biomass materials that contain abundant carbon–oxygen/nitrogen functional groups as precursors for the synthesis of carbon materials presents a promising approach for energy storage and conversion applications. Porous carbon materials derived from biomass are commonly employed as electric‐double‐layer capacitors in aqueous electrolytes. However, there is a lack of detailed discussion and clarification regarding the kinetics analysis and energy storage mechanisms associated with these materials. This study focuses on the modification of starch powders through the KOH activation process, resulting in the production of porous carbon with tunable nitrogen/oxygen functional groups. The kinetics and energy storage mechanism of this particular material in both acid and alkaline aqueous electrolytes are investigated using in situ attenuated total reflectance‐infrared in a three‐electrode configuration.
Sustainable Opportunities in the Downstream Processing of the Intracellular Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoate
Authors: Bhat Sohani G. , Thivaharan V. , Divyashree M. S.
Published: February 2024

Biopolymers have gained popularity as an alternative product to traditional plastics due to environmental concerns. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), one of the most well‐known forms of biopolymers, are among the many that have been discovered so far. PHA has a wide range of applications, is biodegradable and compatible with living things, but its expensive extraction and production make it difficult to compete with traditional plastics. Solvents are the most popular extraction technique but have serious economic and environmental downsides. The “green method of extraction” has become a cutting‐edge remedy for addressing the shortcomings of downstream processing. However, developing the extraction technique for affordable and environmentally friendly biopolymer production is a difficult study topic. To make it easier to choose green recovery techniques for future study, this review combines the benefits and drawbacks of the numerous PHA recovery methods that are already in use. Also, advanced green downstream methods are scrutinized that undoubtedly makes PHA replace conventional plastics and reach a market globally promoting sustainability.
Cardiovascular disease mortality and air pollution in countries with different socioeconomic status
Authors: Khaltaev Nikolai , Axelrod Svetlana
Published: February 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 17.9 million deaths annually. Behavioral risk factors increase the risk of dying from CVD. Air pollution is not included in this risk calculation since the appreciation of air pollution as a modifiable risk factor is still limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze CVD mortality attributed to air pollution in all World Health Organization WHO member states and demonstrate the association of CVD mortality with air pollution depending on countries' income level.

Methods

The CVD death rate was calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population. The proportion of the population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies for cooking was calculated as an indicator of household air pollution. The annual mean concentration of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µg/m3 and ≤10.0 µg/m3 to which the population is exposed was used as an indicator of ambient air pollution.

Results

There is a gradual increase in CVD mortality attributed to air pollution from high‐income countries (HICs) to low‐income countries (LICs). Household air pollution is the major cause of CVD mortality in LICs. Ischemic heart disease mortality attributed to ambient air pollution in all countries is higher than stroke mortality attributed to ambient air pollution. In LIC, mortality from stroke is attributed to household air pollution of 39.27 ± 14.47, which is more than twice the stroke mortality attributed to ambient air pollution at 18.60 ± 5.64, t = 7.17, p < 0.01.

Conclusion

Air pollution control should be an essential component of the CVD preventive strategy, along with lifestyle modifications and effective disease management.
Introducing Iodide Ligands on IrAu12 Cluster Enhances Phosphorescence Efficiency and Photoredox Activity
Authors: Hirai Haru , Takano Shinjiro , Masuda Shinya , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: February 2024

The effects of halide ligands on the photoluminescence (PL) and photoredox properties were examined on [IrAu12(dppe)5X2]+ (1X; X=Cl, Br, I; dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). The PL quantum yield was enhanced in the order of 1Cl (67 %)<1Br (75 %)<1I (77 %). The lifetime of the photoexcited state was shortened in the order of 1Cl>1Br>1I due to the acceleration of radiative relaxation by the heavy atom effect in 1I. Despite the shortest PL lifetime, cluster 1I exhibited the highest conversion in the photocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenone. The PL from 1Cl and 1Br was quenched by adding Lewis acid Li+, required for activation of bisenone, whereas that from 1I remained unaffected. Theoretical calculations showed that the Au−Cl and Au−Br bonds of 1Cl and 1Br were weakened by interaction with Li+, while the Au−I bond of 1I was not. Clusters 1Cl and 1Br underwent halide exchange with isocyanide in the presence of Li+, whereas 1I did not. These results suggested that the photoredox activity of 1Cl and 1Br was suppressed by the Li+‐induced nonradiative quenching of the photoexcited state. This study highlights the unexpected importance of halide ligands in the design of efficient cluster photocatalysts.
Remarkably High Separation of Neodymium from Praseodymium by Selective Dissolution from their Oxide Mixture using an Ionic Liquid Containing aβ‐Diketone
Authors: Sengupta Arijit , Goyal Priya , Prava Mantry Swarna , Sundararajan Mahesh , Kumar Verma Parveen , Kumar Mohapatra Prasanta
Published: February 2024

A simple, efficient, direct and economical method for the mutual separation of Nd and Pr was developed by the selective dissolution of Nd2O3 from their oxide mixtures in an ionic liquid containing 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) resulting in an unprecedented separation factor (βNd/Pr)>500, which is 277 times more than the thus far reported βNd/Pr values. The proposed mechanism was supported by DFT computations.
Electronic Structure Analysis of the A10Tt2P6 System (A=Li−Cs; Tt=Si, Ge, Sn) and Synthesis of the Direct Band Gap Semiconductor K10Sn2P6
Authors: Zeitz Sabine , Antoniuk Hanna , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler T. F.
Published: February 2024

Investigating the relationship between atomic and electronic structures is a powerful tool to screen the wide variety of Zintl phases for interesting (opto−)electronic properties. To get an insight in such relations, the A10Tt2P6 system (A=Li−Cs; Tt=Si−Sn) was picked as model system to analyse the influence of structural motives, combination of elements and their properties on type and width of the band gaps. Those compounds comprise two interesting structural motives of their anions, which are either monomeric trigonal planar TtP35− units which are isostructural to CO32− or [Tt2P6]10− dimers which correspond to two edge‐sharing TtP4 tetrahedra. The A10Tt2P6 compounds were structurally optimized for both polymorphs and subsequent frequency analysis, band structure as well as density of states calculations were performed. The Gibbs free energies were compared to determine temperature dependent stability, where Na10Si2P6, Na10Ge2P6 and K10Sn2P6 were found to be candidates for a high temperature phase transition between the two polymorphs. Additionally, the unknown, but predicted compound K10Sn2P6 was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder x‐ray diffraction. It crystalizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/n and incorporates [Sn2P6]10− edge sharing double tetrahedra. It was determined to be a direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.57 eV.
“Steric Armor” Strategy of Blue Fluorescent Emitters against Photooxidation‐Induced Degradation
Authors: Wang Sha‐Sha , Zhang Jing‐Rui , Wang Kuan‐De , Li Hao‐Ran , Meng Peng‐Hui , Zhou Yang , Yu Xiang , Wei Ying , Feng Quan‐You , Kan Yu‐He , Xie Ling‐Hai
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Stability against oxygen is an important factor affecting the performance of organic semiconductor devices. Improving photooxidation stability can prolong the service life of the device and maintain the mechanical and photoelectric properties of the device. Generally, various encapsulation methods from molecular structure to macroscopic device level are used to improve photooxidation stability. Here, we adopted a crystallization strategy to allow 14H‐spiro[dibenzo[c,h]acridine‐7,9′‐fluorene] (SFDBA) to pack tightly to resist fluorescence decay caused by oxidation. In this case, the inert group of SFDBA acts as a “steric armor”, protecting the photosensitive group from being attacked by oxygen. Therefore, compared with the fluorescence quenching of SFDBA powder under 2 h of sunlight, SFDBA crystal can maintain its fluorescence emission for more than 8 h under the same conditions. Furthermore, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the crystalline film is 327% higher than that of the amorphous film. It shows that the crystallization strategy is an effective method to resist oxidation.
Food allergy outside the eight big foods in Europe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Spolidoro Giulia C. I. , Nyassi Sungkutu , Lisik Daniil , Ioannidou Athina , Ali Mohamed Mustafa , Amera Yohannes Tesfaye , Rovner Graciela , Khaleva Ekaterina , Venter Carina , van Ree Ronald , Worm Margitta , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Sheikh Aziz , Muraro Antonella , Roberts Graham , Nwaru Bright I.
Published: February 2024

Background

The 2014 estimates of prevalence of food allergy (FA) in Europe published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology included only the eight so‐called big foods (cow's milk/egg/wheat/soy/peanut/tree nuts/fish/shellfish). Those estimates have recently been updated. Complementing this, we sought to identify and estimate the prevalence of allergy to other foods that have been reported during the last decade.

Methods

Six databases were searched for studies published 2012–2021. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to derive pooled prevalence of allergy to each food.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies were included, containing a total of 66 FAs. Among the most frequently reported FAs, the lifetime and point prevalence range of self‐reported kiwi allergy was 0.1%–1.0% and 0.2%–8.1%, respectively, while the food challenge (FC)‐verified kiwi allergy point prevalence range was 0.01%–0.10%. The point prevalence range for self‐reported peach allergy was 0.2%–3.2%, while the range for FC‐verified peach allergy was 0.02%–0.05%. The lifetime and point prevalence range for self‐reported tomato allergy was 0.01%–1.8% and 0.2%–2.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

Allergy to some foods traditionally not considered important are now emerging as relevant FAs. The focus on FA in Europe should not be limited to the so‐called eight big FA, but extended to other types of foods which need to be considered both for clinical purposes and population risk assessment.