bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Freeze–Thaw Cycles and the Prefreezing Water Content on the Soil Pore Size Distribution
Authors: Jiang Ruiqi , Bai Xuefeng , Wang Xianghao , Hou Renjie , Liu Xingchao , Yang Hanbo
Published: July 2024

Volumetric changes induced by soil moisture phase changes can lead to pore system redistribution in freezing and thawing soil, which in turn affects soil strength and stability. The prefreezing water content and the number of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) affecting key factors of soil pore changes, and they determine the volumetric change magnitude and frequency during ice–water phase transitions. This study aims to reveal the effect of the prefreezing water content and the number of freeze–thaw cycles on the pore size distribution (PSD) of black soil, meadow soil and chernozem, which account for the largest arable land area in Heilongjiang Province, China. In situ soil samples with different prefreezing water contents were subjected to 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 20 FTCs, and then nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to quantify the PSD. It was shown that the pore sizes of the three soil types spanned multiple orders of magnitude, ranging from 0.001 to 100 μm overall. The inflection point of the cumulative porosity curves of all three soils occurred near 0.1 μm. For black soil and chernozem with high prefreezing water contents, when the number of FTCs reached 10 or 20, the soil self-weight led to thaw settlement, which reduced the difference in the total porosity of the soils with varying moisture contents. The initial FTC exerts the most significant influence on the pore structure. The impact of the prefreezing water content on soil pore structure diminishes as the number of FTCs increases. The plant root residues rendered meadow soil less sensitive to water content differences after the first FTCs but also limited the development of macropores during the late freeze–thaw period. The prefreezing water content alters the distribution of soil moisture before freezing and has a greater influence on the pore distribution of frozen-thawed soils compared to the cumulative effect of multiple FTCs.
Collection Efficiency of Cyclone Separators: Comparison between New Machine Learning-Based Models and Semi-Empirical Approaches
Authors: Bregolin Edoardo , Danieli Piero , Masi Massimo
Published: July 2024

Cyclones are employed in many waste treatment industries for the dust collection or abatement purposes. The prediction of the dust collection efficiency is crucial for the design and optimization of the cyclone. However, this is a difficult task because of the complex physical phenomena that influence the removal of particles. Aim of the paper is to present two new meta-models for the prediction of the collection efficiency curve of cyclone separators. A Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models were developed using Python environment. These were trained with a set of experimental data taken from the literature. The prediction capabilities of the models were first assessed by comparing the estimated collection efficiency for several cyclones against the corresponding experimental data. Second, by comparing the collection efficiency curves predicted by the models and those obtained from classic models available in the literature for the cyclones included in the validation dataset. The BPNN demonstrated better predictive capability than the SVR, with an overall mean squared error of 0.007 compared to 0.015, respectively. Most important, a 40% to 90% accuracy improvement of the literature models predictions was achieved.
Fractional Sliding Mode Observer Control Strategy for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Xin , Zhang Jihui , Chen Shenhui , Ma Jinghao , Lin Cunhao
Published: July 2024

This research presents a novel current loop control strategy for a three-phase PWM rectifier system aimed at mitigating challenges related to substandard power quality, excessive current harmonics, and insufficient robustness. The suggested approach combines an extended state observer (ESO) with dual-power sliding mode control that is further enhanced by fractional-order micro-integral operators. This amalgamation enhances the adaptability of the controller to system dynamics and augments the flexibility of the current loop control mechanism. The results of this integration include diminished system oscillations, heightened immunity to external disturbances, and improved robustness and dynamics of the overall system. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology is validated, demonstrating superior performance in terms of robustness, dynamic response, power quality enhancement, and mitigation of current harmonics when compared to conventional PI control and standard fractional-order dual-power sliding mode control techniques.
Applied causal inference in regional economic-behavioral models of business decision making
Authors: Mikhailov D. V.
Published: July 2024

Recently, behavioral operations research researchers have experienced increased interest in models based on causal inference, and the authors note a dearth of observational studies in national real estate markets. The present study fills this gap. His research hypotheses concern the benefits of incorporating behavioral factors into models of decision-making systems and optimizing the instrumental policies of companies. The work has both scientific and applied significance. The novelty of the work lies in the use of advanced machine learning methods to estimate the conditional causal effect.
Endotrophin as a Biomarker for Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Major Adverse Kidney Events
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Bu Dawei , Botkins Madison , Gianella Fabiola , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Moe Orson W. , Scherer Philipp E. , Neyra Javier A.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Endotrophin (ETP), a circulating marker of fibroinflammation, is elevated in critically ill patients with AKI.

ETP is independently associated with major adverse kidney events at hospital discharge.

Sustained elevations of ETP at 5–7 days are associated with major adverse kidney events.

Background

The search for novel biomarkers in AKI continues, both for being able to predict adverse events in AKI but also for confirming pathogenic pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Endotrophin (ETP) is an emerging biomarker in a number of fibroinflammatory diseases. We sought to test the association of ETP with the development of a major adverse kidney event (MAKE) in critically ill adult patients.

Methods

Single-center prospective study of critically ill adult patients with stage 2–3 AKI and patients without AKI. Serum ETP was measured early in the first 3 days of critical care admission, 5–7 days later, and in some patients, 4–6 weeks later. The primary outcome was MAKE assessed at hospital discharge, a composite of mortality, RRT at discharge, and eGFR reduction of ≥25% from baseline.

Results

Among 121 patients evaluated in this study, serum ETP was significantly higher in patients with AKI versus those without (P < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher tertiles of ETP were significantly associated with MAKE at discharge, controlled for relevant covariates. Furthermore, sustained elevations in ETP 5–7 days later, as opposed to reductions toward normal, were also associated with MAKE. In patients seen in the clinic 4–6 weeks post-AKI, ETP remained elevated. In the acute period, ETP levels correlated most with TNF-α and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.

Conclusions

Higher levels of serum ETP early in the intensive care unit admission, as well as sustained elevations of ETP within a 5-day to 7-day period, are associated with MAKE at hospital discharge. ETP is a potential biomarker of AKI-related outcomes and a promising therapeutic target to minimize sequelae of AKI.
IFTA Foci Density: An Unrecognized Highly Prognostic Measurement of Fibrosis in Kidney Transplant Biopsies
Authors: Denic Aleksandar , Rule Andrew D. , Park Walter D. , Smith Byron H. , Mejia Mateo Velasquez , Kukla Aleksandra , Grande Joseph P. , Stegall Mark D.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Morphometry allows for a more prognostic multidimensional quantification of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in kidneys than does visual inspection.

The density of IFTA foci is determined by dividing the number of contiguous IFTA patches in the kidney cortex by the area of cortex.

Higher density of IFTA foci significantly predicted renal allograft failure beyond %IFTA and other biopsy and clinical characteristics.

Background

Contraction of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) may cause %IFTA to under-represent the severity of nephron loss. Higher density of IFTA foci is an important predictor of progressive CKD in native kidneys independent of %IFTA.

Methods

We studied kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2013 who had a 5-year surveillance kidney biopsy and subsequent follow-up. Banff ci score (interstitial fibrosis) was obtained from the pathology reports. After digitizing the biopsies, we traced cortex area and each distinct IFTA focus on a single trichrome-stained section. Percent IFTA area and IFTA foci density (count of IFTA foci/cortex area) were calculated. Cox models assessed the risk of death-censored graft failure after the 5-year biopsy with Banff ci score, morphometric %IFTA, and IFTA foci density.

Results

There were 58 death-censored allograft failures among 835 kidney recipients during the 5 years of follow-up. Biopsies from grafts that failed had higher mean Banff ci score (1.5 versus 0.7, P < 0.0001), %IFTA (22.6% versus 7.0%, P < 0.0001), and IFTA foci density (1.3/mm2 versus 0.4/mm2, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for other Banff scores or clinical variables, Banff ci did not correlate with allograft failure, but both higher %IFTA (hazard ratio = 1.56, P < 0.0001) and higher IFTA foci density (hazard ratio = 2.34, P < 0.0001) did. All but four allograft failures by 10 years had biopsies in the top quartile of either %IFTA or IFTA foci density at 5 years. A model using just these two morphometric measures without clinical characteristics resulted in a c-statistic of 0.891 with respect to allograft failure.

Conclusions

Morphometric characterization of IFTA foci density is a strong predictor of death-censored allograft failure not captured in current Banff classification for grading of kidney fibrosis.
Comparative analysis: sustainable fashion vs. fast fashion
Authors: Nuñez Martinez Gisela , Martínez Cruz Miguel Angel , Chávez Pichardo Mauricio , Trejo Martínez Alfredo , Arenas Reséndiz Tanya
Published: July 2024

Sustainable fashion is a philosophy centered on the ethical and environmentally responsible production of garments. However, currently prevailing in the market is a model known as fast fashion, which is characterized by mass production of low-quality garments at affordable prices. In this context, our article presents a comparative analysis between sustainable fashion and fast fashion, highlighting how these models represent two divergent approaches in the fashion industry. Overall, this work aims to contribute to the literature by exploring the differences, challenges, and advancements in the development of both trends. The study examines production speed, material usage, working conditions, and environmental awareness, developing a conceptual framework that provides an overview of the complexity of the fashion industry and its potential direction in terms of sustainability and responsible consumption.
The defense attorney in Ukraine: challenges and opportunities in the framework of international standards
Authors: Kolomoitsev Mykola , Tiulieniev Serhii , Perepelytsia Serhii , Popov Volodymyr , Iemets Ivan
Published: July 2024

The right of a person to protection is one of the fundamental human rights. The governments of many countries are taking measures to bring national legislation in line with international standards in the field of human rights protection. Despite this, many issues remain debatable and uncertain, and national law enforcement agencies sometimes continue to resort to violating these rights.
This comparative legal study was carried out by studying primary legal materials, as well as secondary legal materials related to the researched legal issues. The theoretical and empirical basis of the research is represented by legislative acts, theoretical research and judicial practice analyzed using a qualitative approach.

It is substantiated that the lawyer's monopoly on representing a person in criminal proceedings is justified and meets international standards of professionalism in the provision of legal assistance, because, unlike a person who is a lawyer by profession, lawyers pass qualification exams, have practical experience, undergo internships and constantly improve their professional level. It was determined that the rights of the defense counsel in criminal proceedings are derived from the rights of the person he is defending. Typical violations of the right of a person to defense, allowed by the national law enforcement agencies of European countries, have been established. It is argued that the improvement of the legal status of a lawyer should be carried out at the national level. This should be done taking into account international legal principles and judicial practice.
Problem-based learning in higher education: a path towards training innovative and competent specialists
Authors: Folomieieva Nataliia , Koriakin Oleksii , Matsenko Lesya , Siaska Іnna , Fed Iryna
Published: July 2024

This article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of problem-based learning (PBL) in higher education. It investigates the content, requirements, and methods for creating problem scenarios, outlining the criteria, stages, and forms of PBL. The study examines the role of key components in PBL and how to effectively integrate them into the educational process. It also analyzes the characteristics, principles, and structural elements of PBL in the context of specialist training. Additionally, the article proposes a classification of problem scenarios and highlights the differences between PBL and traditional learning approaches. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating integrative technology, virtual reality, and digital educational resources into PBL. An experimental study was conducted to investigate educators' perspectives on the feasibility of implementing PBL in higher education and to examine the impact of a PBL program on students' knowledge acquisition. The findings suggest that PBL is a promising approach for enhancing the learning process and fostering the development of competent specialists.
Development of research competence in university students through cloud-oriented technologies: a pedagogical experiment
Authors: Herasymenko Oleksandr , Hrytsai Nataliia , Karskanova Svitlana , Pliushch Valentyna , Protsenko Iryna
Published: July 2024

This article explores the content and main directions of scientific and research activities in higher education. It highlights the key types of research work and conceptual tasks undertaken in these institutions. The study clarifies the interconnected elements, components, principles, and priority areas for organizing, developing, and enhancing the effectiveness of students' research activities. It emphasizes the need to integrate creative methods and cloud-oriented technologies into higher education to foster the creative abilities of future professionals. To assess the effectiveness of these approaches, a pedagogical experiment was conducted. The hypothesis posited that a well-organized research process in higher education institutions leads to a high level of research competence in senior undergraduate and graduate students. During the experiment, cloud-based technologies and innovative research methods and forms were implemented in university education.
Natural Gastrointestinal Stable Pea Albumin Nanomicelles for Capsaicin Delivery and Their Effects for Enhanced Mucus Permeability at Small Intestine
Authors: Li Yiming , Mao Mengqi , Yuan Xin , Zhao Jiajia , Ma Lingjun , Chen Fang , Liao Xiaojun , Hu Xiaosong , Ji Junfu
Published: July 2024

Natural nanodelivery systems are highly desirable owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, these delivery systems face challenges from potential degradation in the harsh gastrointestinal environment and limitations imposed by the intestinal mucus barrier, reducing their oral delivery efficacy. Here, gastrointestinal stable and mucus-permeable pea albumin nanomicelles (PANs) with a small particle size (36.42 nm) are successfully fabricated via pre-enzymatic hydrolysis of pea albumin isolate (PAI) using trypsin. Capsaicin (CAP) is used as a hydrophobic drug model and loaded in PAN with a loading capacity of 20.02 μg/mg. PAN exhibits superior intestinal stability, with a 40% higher CAP retention compared to PAI in simulated intestinal digestion. Moreover, PAN displays unrestricted movement in intestinal mucus and can effectively penetrate it, since it increases the mucus permeability of CAP by 2.5 times, indicating an excellent ability to overcome the mucus barrier. Additionally, PAN enhances the cellular uptake and transcellular transport of CAP with endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and Golgi/plasma membrane pathways involved in the transcytosis and exocytosis. This study suggests that partially enzymatically formed PAN may be a promising oral drug delivery system, effectively overcoming the harsh gastrointestinal environment and mucus barrier to improve intestinal absorption and bioavailability of hydrophobic bioactive substances.
Seasonal Variation and Driving Factors of Metazooplankton Community in the Cascade Reservoirs
Authors: Zhu Shengnan , Dong Zengchuan , Fu Guobin , Wang Wenzhuo , Meng Jinyu , Wu Shujun , Liu Yupeng , Cui Xun , Zhou Yuejiao , Li Zhuozheng , Shao Yiqing , Zhang Kaize
Published: July 2024

To investigate the structural characteristics and driving factors of the metazooplankton community in the cascade reservoirs of Feiyun River Basin, monitoring surveys were conducted at 18 sampling sites across different seasons: September 2021 (autumn), January 2022 (winter), May 2022 (spring), and July 2022 (summer). These surveys identified 51 metazooplankton species, with the highest species abundance observed in summer and the lowest in winter. Notably, metazooplankton densities and biomasses peaked in spring, averaging 13.57 ind./l (where ind./l stands for individuals per liter) and 0.362 mg/l, respectively, while the lowest average densities (9.20 ind./l) and biomasses (0.262 mg/l) occurred in summer and winter, respectively. Seasonal variation had a notable influence on the community composition of metazooplankton, with Rotifera predominating in summer and autumn, and Copepoda in winter and spring.
Cyclops larva
and
Nauplius
species consistently dominated throughout. Correlation analyses revealed a significant negative association between metazooplankton richness and Pielou evenness indices with phosphate and total phosphorus concentrations, respectively. Redundancy analyses identified chlorophyll a, water temperature, total phosphorus, conductivity, pH, and phosphate as key environmental factors influencing the seasonal distribution of the metazooplankton community. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the seasonal dynamics of metazooplankton communities in the cascade reservoirs of the Feiyun River Basin, offering foundational insights for evaluating the ecological health of the basin waters.
Relationship between contrast-induced nephropathy and blood methemoglobin levels in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: İmadoğlu Oya , Türker Ulaş
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic complication occurring in patients exposed to contrast agents. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the relationship between blood methemoglobin (MHb) levels and the development of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), with or without primary coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, 119 patients diagnosed with ACS who underwent coronary angiography were included. MHb levels were measured in patients before and at during the first 1 to 3 hours after the procedure. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine levels by ≥0.3 mg/dL (26.5 µmol/L) from baseline within 48 hours after contrast exposure or an increase of 1.5-1.9 times the baseline value within 7 days. Results: The relationship between CIN-positive and CIN-negative patients and patients with MHb ≤%1 and MHb >% 1 was similar (P=0.4). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an MHb value greater than 1 did not independently predict the development of CIN. Significant differences were observed between these two groups in terms of pre-CAG creatinine levels (P=0.02), Mehran risk score (<0.001), hemoglobin levels (P=0.03), the presence of hypotension (P=0.03), blood pH value (P=0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<0.001), the presence of diabetes mellitus (P=0.014), age (P=0.001), and smoking history (P=0.02). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that traditional risk factors contribute to nephropathy. However, the increased blood MHb levels do not appear to contribute to the development of CIN in ACS patients.
CHEBYSHEV APPROXIMATION OF THE MULTIVARIABLE FUNCTIONS BY POWER EXPRESSION
Authors: Malachivskyy P.S. ,   Ya.S. Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, Petro.Malachivskyy@gmail.com, Melnychok L.S. , Pizyur Ya.V. ,   Lviv, Ukraine, levkom@gmail.com,   National University “Lvivska Politekhnika,” Lviv, Ukraine, yaropolk.v.piziur@lpnu.ua
Published: July 2024

A method of constructing the Chebyshev approximation with the smallest relative error of multivariable functions by a power expression is proposed. It consists in constructing an intermediate Chebyshev approximation of the function, which is the root of the corresponding power of the given function by a polynomial. The parameters of the polynomial approximation are calculated as the limiting mean-power approximation according to the iterative scheme using the least squares method with a variable weight function. Test examples are given that confirm the fast convergence of the method of constructing the Chebyshev approximation using the power expression of functions of one, two, and three variables. Keywords: Chebyshev approximation of the multivariable functions, power expression, mean-power approximation, least squares method, variable weight function.
Modeling environmental and economic factors in regional energy optimization
Authors: Coban Hasan Huseyin , Lewicki Wojciech , Brelik Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the contemporary environmental challenges stemming from rapid economic growth, surging energy consumption, urban expansion, and mounting waste issues. The study explores the optimisation of a regional energy system, considering not only the electric energy sector but also the fuel and thermal energy sectors for the selected geographical destination. In this study, the application of the Linprog optimisation function in MATLAB programming tool to solve Regional Energy System Optimization with renewable resources is explained. The primary objective is to develop a mathematical model that identifies the optimal energy balance structure, allowing for the partial replacement of hydrocarbon sources with bioresources and waste in heat and electricity generation, as well as in vehicle fuel consumption. The modelling approach involves linear programming and integrates two key criteria: economic (cost of energy for consumers) and environmental (carbon footprint). The novelty of this approach lies in applying life cycle analysis to assess potential environmental consequences. Results reveal optimal generation volumes based on economic and environmental considerations. When optimising solely for economic criteria, municipal solid waste, along with wind energy, emerges as the preferred source. In contrast, the simultaneous optimisation of economic and environmental parameters aligns with the economic calculation, demonstrating a balanced approach to sustainable development.
On change of reduction factor of maximum runoff modulus with increase of catchment area
Authors: Тумановская С.М.
Published: July 2024

При формировании речного стока, как правило, происходит уменьшение (редукция) его максимального модуля при возрастании площади водосбора. Для водосборов площадью менее 5 км2 редукция максимальных модулей водоотдачи и стока не выражена, что подтверждает принятое допущение о равенстве водоотдачи и стока для малых площадей водосбора. Это первый этап процесса формирования стока воды половодья на безрусловых склонах. На втором этапе на водосборах площадью от 5 до 10 км2 появляется тенденция к снижению максимального модуля стока с увеличением площади водосбора. Причина снижения модулей водоотдачи – уменьшение действующей площади водосбора как следствие изменения площади покрытия снегом; для модулей стока воды – снижение действующей площади водосбора и начало руслового регулирования. На третьем этапе на водосборах с площадью от 10 до 100 км2 снижение максимального модуля стока воды в зависимости от площади водосбора имеет устойчивую тенденцию, определяющуюся русловым регулированием, снижением действующей площади водосбора, особенностями нарастания площади водосбора по длине основного водотока. На четвертом этапе на водосборах с площадью более 100 км2 редукция максимального модуля стока воды имеет устойчивый вид и определяется русловым регулированием и особенностями нарастания площади водосбора по длине основного водотока. Для малых водотоков зависимость коэффициента формы водосбора (Кф) от его площади отражает процесс развития водосбора от склонов, в которых ширина водосбора существенно больше длины, к водотокам, где ширина водосбора становится меньше длины водотока. В целом Кф недостаточно информативен и не отражает особенностей нарастания площади водосбора по длине русла главного водотока. Основной причиной использования при анализе и расчетах Кф является отсутствие кадастровых данных о нарастании площади водосбора по длине русла главного водотока для всех гидрологически изученных рек.

maximum unit discharge; shape factor of the watersheds; reduction coefficient; area of watershed; flood; drain layer; flow of water
High-frequency monitoring and machine learning models for assessing synoptic variability of suspended sediment flow of a small urban river
Authors: Чалов С.Р. , Морейдо В.М. , Денисова И.С. , Солоников И.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся результаты высокочастотного мониторинга стока наносов крупнейшего правого притока р. Москвы в пределах города – р. Сетуни, осуществлявшегося в 2020–2021 гг. автоматическими регистраторами оптической мутности и уровня воды. Задействованы 2 ряда записи с 16 ноября 2019 г. по 19 марта 2020 г. (частота записи 10 минут) и с 1 марта 2021 г. по апрель 2021 г. и с июля 2021 г. по октябрь 2021 г. (частота записи 1 минута). В условиях высокой антропогенной нагрузки средняя мутность воды р. Сетунь достигает 100 мг/л, что в 3–4 раза выше фоновых значений. Отмечается корреляция мутности с расходами воды, которая возрастает при увеличении лага по времени от 0 до 50 часов. На основе совмещения измерений мутности воды с характеристиками уровня и расхода воды, атмосферных осадков и температуры воздуха, а также производных от них, проведена настройка 5 моделей машинного обучения для прогнозирования стока наносов с разрешением 1 час и 1 сутки. Наилучшие результаты продемонстрировала рекуррентная нейросеть LSTM RNN для прогноза суточных значений мутности воды: при среднеквадратической ошибке 10,8 NTU были верно определены время и величина локальных увеличений пика мутности.

The article presents the results of high-frequency monitoring of sediment flow of the largest right tributary of the Moscow River within the city – the Setun River, carried out in 2020–2021 by automatic recorders of optical turbidity and water level. Several recordings were involved from November 16, 2019 to March 19, 2020 (recording frequency 10 minutes) and from March 1, 2021 to April 2021 and from July 2021 to October 2021 (recording frequency 1 minute). Under conditions of high anthropogenic load, the average turbidity of the Setun River water reaches 100 mg/l, which is 3–4 times higher than background values. There is a correlation between turbidity and water flow rates, which increases with increasing time lag from 0 to 50 hours. Based on combining measurements of water turbidity with characteristics of water level and flow, precipitation, and air temperature, as well as derivatives from them, 5 machine learning models were configured to predict sediment runoff with a resolution of 1 hour and 1 day. The best results were demonstrated by the recurrent neural network LSTM RNN for forecasting daily values of water turbidity: with a root-mean-square error of 10.8 NTU, the time and magnitude of local increases in the turbidity peak were correctly determined.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis in Children: Practical Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Снопков В.В. , Байко С.В.
Published: July 2024

Системная красная волчанка (СКВ) – это редкое мультисистемное аутоиммунное воспалительное заболевание. Несмотря на потенциальное поражение различных органов и систем, наиболее часто патологические проявления отмечаются со стороны кожи, суставов, центральной нервной системы, клеток крови и почек. Поражение почек при СКВ называется люпус-нефритом и чаще представлено иммунокомплексным гломерулонефритом. Люпус-нефрит является наиболее тяжелой формой СКВ, встречается чаще и протекает тяжелее в детском возрасте, требует раннего агрессивного вмешательства и непрерывной поддерживающей терапии. Несмотря на значительное улучшение отдаленных последствий заболевания, сохраняется высокая заболеваемость и смертность. Ограничение проведения широкого спектра исследований в детском возрасте затрудняет применение новых лекарственных средств и инновационных схем терапии. Существует необходимость в разработке более специфических фармакологических препаратов для пациентов, которые были бы одинаково эффективны, менее токсичны и имели бы меньше осложнений. В данном литературном обзоре будут рассмотрены этиология, эпидемиология, клинические проявления, практические подходы к постановке диагноза СКВ и люпуснефрита, оценке активности и хронизации патологического процесса в почках, а также современные рекомендации по лечению.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease. Despite the potential damage to various organs and systems, the most frequent pathological manifestations are observed in the skin, joints, central nervous system, blood cells and kidneys. Kidney damage in histologically confirmed SLE is called lupus nephritis and is most often represented by immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Lupus nephritis is the most severe form of SLE; it occurs more frequently and progresses more severely in childhood, requiring early aggressive intervention and continuous maintenance therapy. Despite significant improvement in the disease’s long-term outcomes, high morbidity and mortality persist. Limitation of a wide range of studies in childhood makes it difficult to use new drugs and innovative treatment regimens. A need exists for elaborating more patient-specific pharmacologic agents, which would be both equally effective, less toxic, and would have fewer complications. In this literature review, the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, practical approaches to diagnosing SLE and lupus nephritis and assessing renal pathological process activity and chronicity, as well as modern treatment recommendations will be considered.
Osteoporosis in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Current State of the Problem
Authors: Галашевская А.А. , Почкайло А.С. , Водянова О.В.
Published: July 2024

Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна (МДД) – наследственное Х-сцепленное рецессивное нервно-мышечное заболевание, клинически проявляющееся у мальчиков и характеризующееся прогрессирующей мышечной слабостью, ранней утратой способности к самостоятельному передвижению, костно-суставными деформациями, развитием кардиомиопатии, сердечной и дыхательной недостаточности. В настоящее время основным методом лечения МДД являются глюкокортикостероиды (ГКС) системного действия, позволяющие замедлить прогрессирование заболевания и продлить жизнь пациентам. Однако длительное применение ГКС в сочетании с прогрессирующей миопатией и содружественно нарастающей иммобилизацией оказывает негативное влияние на состояние костной ткани вплоть до развития остеопороза. Целью данного обзора является обобщение и систематизация имеющихся на сегодняшний день данных об эпидемиологии, факторах риска, подходах к диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза у детей с МДД. Особое внимание уделяется раннему выявлению ключевого проявления ГКС-остеопороза – переломов позвонков.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease, clinically manifested in boys and characterized by progressive muscle weakness, early loss of the ability to move independently, osteoarticular deformities, development of cardiomyopathy, as well as cardiac and respiratory failure. Currently, the main treatment method for DMD is systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) therapy allowing delaying the disease progression and prolonging patients’ lives. Yet prolonged GCS use in combination with progressive myopathy and concomitantly increasing immobilization negatively affects the bone tissue condition up to osteoporosis formation. The purpose of this review is to summarize and systematize currently available data on the epidemiology, risk factors, and approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in children with DMD. A particular attention is paid to early detection of the key manifestation of GCS-induced osteoporosis, namely vertebral fractures.
INTEGRITY AS THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF A LAWYER'S REPUTATION
Authors: МАХМУДОВА Д.М. МАХМУДОВА Д.М. , МАЛАМАГОМЕДОВ М.А. МАЛАМАГОМЕДОВ М.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрены этические основы профессиональной деятельности адвоката, дана характеристика понятия адвокатской этики, определен принцип добросовестности как основополагающий принцип профессиональной этики адвоката.

The article examines the ethical foundations of the professional activity of a lawyer, characterizes the concept of lawyer ethics, defines the principle of good faith as the fundamental principle of professional ethics of a lawyer.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE CATEGORIES "GOODWILL" AND "BUSINESS REPUTATION"
Authors: КАСУМОВ Р.М. КАСУМОВ Р.М.
Published: July 2024

В статье представлено описание исторической ретроспективы возникновения терминов «гудвил» и «деловая репутация». Представлены характеристики данных показателей, определены отличия. Затронут вопрос о разнице между деловой репутацией физического и юридического лица. Подчеркнута важность формирования и поддержания положительной деловой репутации компании.

The article describes the historical retrospective of the emergence of the terms "goodwill" and "business reputation". The characteristics of these indicators are presented, differences are determined. The question of the difference between the business reputation of an individual and a legal entity is raised. The importance of forming and maintaining a positive business reputation of the company is emphasized.
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PERCEPTION OF THE RESORT FEE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMICS OF THE RECREATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: МАХНЕНКО С.И. МАХНЕНКО С.И. , БОГАЧЕВ Е.А. БОГАЧЕВ Е.А.
Published: July 2024

В настоящей статье рассматривается курортный сбор, его основополагающие особенности, социальное восприятие и экономические эффекты. Анализируется предыстория современного курортного сбора в РФ, специфику НПА, регламентирующих курортный сбор. Помимо этого, производится анализ понятия современного курортного сбора в РФ в контексте присоединения Крыма и развития экономики Краснодарского края. Проводится взаимосвязь между курортным сбором и состоянием инфраструктуры курортов Краснодарского края и республики Крым, а также делаются предположения по увеличению эффективности и нормативно-правовой целесообразности курортного сбора в РФ.

This article examines the resort fee, its fundamental features, social perception and economic effects. The article analyzes the background of the modern resort fee in the Russian Federation, the specifics of the regulations governing the resort fee. In addition, the concept of a modern resort fee in the Russian Federation is analyzed in the context of the annexation of the Crimea and the development of the economy of the Krasnodar Territory. The relationship between the resort fee and the state of the infrastructure of the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Crimea is carried out, and assumptions are made to increase the efficiency and regulatory expediency of the resort fee in the Russian Federation.
Comparative characteristics of vegetative regulation state of heart rhythm in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Babiichuk V.G. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kandybko I.V. , Lomakin I.I. , Kudokotseva O.V. , Babiichuk L.V. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The paper covers a comparative description of the state of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm in purebred white rats, chosen as normotensive controls, and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) s as a model of chronic arterial hypertension. In rats with a normal level of blood pressure, the tone of the autonomic nervous system is shown to be characterized by an eitonic orientation, which indicates the presence of physiological reserves capable of maintaining circulatory homeostasis. Sustained high blood pressure in 12-month-old SHR leads to a marked (by 30%) rise in the relative weight of the heart compared to controls, that indicates the development of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in them. In this group of rats, changes in the vegetative balance were also found, and they were expressed in the low synchronization of regulatory components and the growth of the regulation sympathetic link. The experimental data obtained during the analysis of heart rate variability demonstrate the presence of phenomena of overstrain and asthenia in the regulatory compartments of the central nervous system in rats with chronic arterial hypertension, which over time can result in manifestations of the hypertensive form of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and premature aging. Keywords: cardiovascular system, chronic arterial hypertension, heart rate variability.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: ZVARYCH Roman , RIVILIS Igor
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The process of waste disposal today is associated with increasing operational costs, including the costs associated with the collection, transportation and processing of waste. The main factors contributing to these high costs are fuel prices, labor costs and maintenance costs. As a result, the waste management process operates in complex and unstable conditions, which is reflected in waste disposal, recycling and environmental protection. This actualizes the scientific study of waste management in the environmental management system, because a passive reaction to the problem threatens with high costs in the production cycle in future periods.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the structural elements of waste management, research into the structure of waste generation and sources of their origin, outline the proposals for the possibility of combining waste management strategies in the environmental management system.

Results. The constituent elements of waste management are considered, in particular, strategic planning; prevention of environmental pollution and conservation of resources; minimization of the amount and toxicity of waste generation; choosing the best prevention option, taking into account the legislation; assessment of effects and consequences; decision-making. The structure of waste generation and sources of their origin were studied through the division into renewable and non-renewable materials, carbon-neutral biomass and non-renewable biomass. Proposals for organizations regarding the possibility of combining waste management strategies in the environmental management system are outlined.

Prospects. The subject of further scientific research is the problem the electronic waste growth in the system of waste management in developing countries. This problem will be relevant, because waste processing companies in developed countries are faced with strict regimes of environmental regulation and the growing cost of waste disposal, and therefore the export of e-waste to developing countries is more economically profitable than processing in their own countries, which exacerbates the existing problem.
Cesare Cases e l’editoria. Un percorso tra pareri e polemiche
Authors: Solari Marco Federici
Published: July 2024

For almost half a century, Cesare Cases acted as consultant on German literature for the publishing house Einaudi: in hundreds of book reports, he scrutinised the work of the greatest German intellectuals of the 20th century, from Lukács to Adorno, from Brecht to Enzensberger. But his relationship with publishing did not end there. Cases not only worked as a translator, editor, and reviewer of books, actively participating in their promotion and discussion, but, above all, he was an “editorial thinker”, reflecting and intervening on issues such as the relationship between culture and the market, the cultural policies of publishing houses, and, in general, that “exercise in secularisation” that is editorial work. The article also dwells on some recent publications of L’Orma editore, which has republished Cases’ translation and introduction to Bertolt Brecht’s Me-ti.
«Rimettere in moto la Storia». Edoardo Sanguineti e la “redenzione messianica” di Gian Pietro Lucini
Authors: Mezzabotta Pietro
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the article is to investigate the process by which Edoardo Sanguineti, during the 1960s, pursued the ideological and poetical re-actualization of Gian Pietro Lucini. I will try to highlight how, exploiting Lucini’s disagreements with Marinetti and his ideological differences with the founder of Futurism, Sanguineti was able to produce a contemporary portrait of a poet who was, in reality, strictly embodied into nineteenth-century’s mentality. I will attempt, contextually, to contextualize this cultural backwardness of Lucini, explaining how the poet was, after all, characterized by the instinct of revolt and the will of renewal, and how his profile was “updated” by Sanguineti. The article will focus on the concept of “messianic redemption” as expressed by Walter Benjamin in his Theses on the Philosophy of History, seeking to show how it may have constituted the theoretical and political premise for Sanguineti’s critical action, which presents itself as the purpose of redeeming, through Lucini, the whole avant-garde from the shadow of fascism. This practice, which dialectically connects anarchism and historical materialism, will be considered in its empirical becoming, taking into analysis the canonization of Lucini realized by Sanguineti in his Antologia della Poesia italiana del Novecento and in the critical edition of Revolverate e Nuove Revolverate.
Zmiany w powłoce kultury prawnej na przykładzie zdalnych rozpraw – szkic problemu
Authors: Jabłońska-Bonca Jolanta
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the new form (‘shell’) of legal culture in courts, which is currently taking shape during remote hearings (i.e., hearings held via electronic devices with simultaneous transmission of image and sound), has an impact on the operation of legal and extralegal rules of court proceedings. The article uses some of the results of empirical research on remote civil hearings in Poland (participant observation method).
Państwowa Komisja do spraw przeciwdziałania wykorzystaniu seksualnemu małoletnich poniżej lat 15 jako forma zadośćuczynienia poczuciu społecznej sprawiedliwości
Authors: Służalec Michał
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the actions of the State Commission for Counteracting Sexual Abuse of Minors under the Age of 15, in relation to the public sense of justice. Its aim is to determine whether the regulations adopted in statutory law indeed implement the principle of public sense of justice, as well as whether this principle constitutes an argument in favour of applying new solutions concerning acts committed prior to the date of its entry into force. The research assumptions necessitated an exploration of the meaning of the public sense of justice, as well as justice itself, in conjunction with the response (of the society/state) to human actions. The chosen thematic area has not been previously addressed in legal scholarship, and controversies regarding the instruments available to the Commission should be juxtaposed with its fundamental premise, namely, satisfying the public sense of justice. The article confines itself to juxtaposing the values connected with public justice in the context of selected competencies carried out by the Commission.
SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA KIP KULIAH BAGI SISWA DARI KELUARGA DENGAN KETERBATASAN EKONOMI DI SMA TARUNA MADANI
Authors: Wahyuni Yayuk , Kuswandari Inna , Jaelani Abdulloh
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini difokuskan pada upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pendidikan bagi peningkatan kualitas hidup. Permasalahan utama mitra adalah rendahnya keterserapan lulusan SMA di Kabupaten Pasuruan di jenjang pendidikan tinggi. Penyebabnya antara lain motivasi siswa yang relatif rendah, kondisi ekonomi orang tua yang kurang mampu, dan akses informasi yang terbatas. Solusi atas permasalahan ini adalah penguatan motivasi siswa, pemetaan motivasi dan potensi siswa, serta penyebaran informasi program KIP Kuliah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bermitra dengan dua pihak, yaitu Musyawarah Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling (MGBK) SMA/SMK Kabupaten Pasuruan dan SMA Taruna Madani Jawa Timur. Sasaran kegiatan adalah siswa dan guru Bimbingan Konseling SMA/SMK se Kabupaten Pasuruan. Skenario pelaksanaan dikemas secara daring dan luring. Berdasarkan hasil tes diperoleh bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahun siswa sebesar 24,23 % sedangkan guru BK sebesar 15,25 %  terkait pentingnya pendidikan tinggi serta kemanfaatan KIP Kuliah untuk pembiayaan pendidikan tinggi dalam menjembatani kesenjangan ekonomi masyarakat. Lebih lanjut peran pendampingan yang lebih inten dari guru BK signifikan dalam memotivasi dan memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat bagi siswa untuk menempuh kuliah di perguruan tinggi