bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise Prize

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1937 are appended.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 14 February 1938.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 9 May 1938.
The Armorial De Berry. (Scottish Section)
Authors: Clouston J Storer
Published: March 2023

The Armorial Rolls in Scotland begin comparatively late in the sixteenth century, and there is very little of definitely certain date then, till one reaches the 1540s. Before that period, however, some limited light is thrown by three of the great Continental armorials: the Armorial de Gerle, the Armorial de L'Europe and the Armorial de Berry which is the latest. It is much longer than the other two, including 125 names (not counting one repetition presumably in error), and some 93 separate families who can with reasonable confidence be identified. it has been deliberately designed to cover the greater part of the country and display a representative collection of arms for\r\nall Scotland. A detailed description of the document is given along with a list of all the Scottish names and their accompanying arms.
Excavations on behalf of H M Office of Works at Taiverso Tuick, Trumland, Rousay
Authors: Grant Walter G
Published: March 2023

Report on the excavation of a Neolithic chambered cairn which was originally investigated in 1898. A passage way leads to a subterranean chamber which is overlaid by a much disturbed upper chamber. A second small subterranean chamber is located just south-west of the cairn. Artefacts include human bone, worked flint, stone disc beads, a stone hammer or macehead and Neolithic pottery.
Cultivation terraces in South-eastern Scotland
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

The literary evidence provides some grounds for the argument that the terraces are probably not of later date than the late Middle Ages and had gone out of use by 1700 at the latest. A gazetteer of 136 sites is included.
Notes: (6) Three Penannular Armlets and Two Finger-rings of Silver
Authors: Edwards Arthur
Published: March 2023

The objects were discovered in peat moss on Stornoway. The armlets are bent and one of the finger-rings is broken.
A barbed point of deer-antler from Shewalton, Ayrshire
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

A barbed point was recovered from the river bed. It had five pairs of barbs and had been well finished with stone tools.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 73

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1939

Corresponding members

Honorary members

Lady Associate

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notes: (9) Cists near Tweedsmuir
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

A few loose bones led to the recognition of a cist which protruded at the edge of a knoll of terrace gravel above the floodplain, of the Tweed. The skeletal remains were very fragmentary but are probably those of a well-developed male of above 40 or 45 years of age.
The so-called heel-shaped cairns of Shetland, with remarks on the chambered tombs of Orkney and Shetland
Authors: Bryce Thomas H
Published: March 2023

In the Orkney Islands the chambered tombs, broadly speaking, fall into two classes, corridor tombs (so-called stalled cairns) and chambered tombs proper. All are passage tombs. In the Shetland Islands great funerary monuments such as occur in\r\nthe Orkneys are nowhere to be seen. Only a relatively small number of chambered cairns exist, and all exhibit, by comparison with the Orkney tombs, features which suggest degeneration, combined, however, with others which might be regarded as archaic. The surviving heel cairns peculiar to Shetland are in poor condition and there is an absence of relics. An account of these monuments is presented and their relationship to other types of chambered cairn is considered.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. A brief obituary was read for George MacDonald, the deceased President of the Society. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections A report on the Society’s grants for excavations in ScotlandA list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionThe Treasurer's accounts for 1938-1939
Notes: (1) A Toggle and an Ivory Buckle recently discovered at Brackmont Mill, near Leuchars
Authors: Waterston David
Published: March 2023

A toggle and an ivory buckle were found in a cinerary urn in association with cremated human bone of a probable male adult. The toggle was probably made from a hollow bone of a bird or small animal. The buckle was made of bone and had been burnt.
Notes: (3) A Hoard of Bronze Age Halberds from Auchingoul, Inverkeithny, Banffshire
Authors: Edwards Arthur J H
Published: March 2023

The four halberds are well patinated; only the one with the rivet holes may have been in use, the other three having still to be bored before they could be attached to the shafts. Chemical analysis indicated that one of the halberds was made from copper rather than bronze.
The defences of Kaimes hill-fort, Midlothian
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

The excavation was restricted to determining the structure of the ramparts in\r\nthe threatened area and their relations to one another and to the hut-circles which\r\noccur on or close to the apparent crest of the inner rampart. Two sections were\r\naccordingly cut through the ramparts, and the two most conspicuous circles were examined. Two previously unrecorded ramparts were discovered and three phases of occupation were identified. Only a shapeless crumb of poorly made pottery was discovered along with a dozen carefully rounded sling-balls, animal bone and an iron arrowhead.
A mural painting and a carved door at Traquair House, Innerleithen
Authors: Watson G P H , Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

It is now generally recognised that mural painting was a form of art extensively practised in medieval Britain. Broadly speaking, its use in churches, both as a medium for instruction and as a decoration, went out with the Reformation; but it continued to be employed in secular buildings until superseded by other types of wall-covering such as tapestry, panelling, and finally wall-paper. There are very few surviving examples in Scotland. The mural at Traquair House is in a room which can be assigned to the second half of the sixteenth century, and its superstructure was remodelled in the seventeenth century. The surviving elements of the mural are described in detail. The oak door in the same room as the mural was carved by the person who created the Amisfield Door which dates from 1600 and bears a representation of Samson in contemporary costume slaying the lion.
The Painted Ceiling in the Church of St Mary, Grandtully
Authors: Graham Angus
Published: March 2023

The seventeenth-century ceiling is now threatened by damage from the weather and has prompted a full description. The scheme of the decoration is built upon one large central panel and twenty-eight smaller ones of different sizes and shapes. The panels\r\nare set on highly ornate cartouches and are connected with one another by parti-coloured bands; some' contain heraldic achievements, monograms, etc., four depict the Evangelists, and the remainder are devoted to what seem to be biblical subjects, with texts in their margins.
Notes: (4) One Hundred Years Ago, Aberdeen Journal, Wednesday, March 29, 1843
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

Workmen discovered under a cairn an ancient burial place, covered by a large flat stone. On removing this, they found articles including two bronze vessels, seventeen spear or axeheads of bronze, thirty to forty bronze bracelets and six bronze rings. The whole of these interesting relics are in admirable preservation, and are evidently of Roman manufacture, and so belong, at the latest, to the middle of the fourth century.
Notes: (5) An Encrusted Urn from Aberlemno, Angus
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

The capstone of a small cist was discovered during ploughing. The vessel within was protected by a cist of slabs, built apparently after the urn was set in place rather in the manner of a house of cards. The substructure of the cist was an irregular pentagon formed of five principal slabs. The urn contained the burnt bones of an adolescent.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 77

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows, Corresponding members, Honorary Fellows, Etc., November 1943

Lady Associate

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notes: (2) A Bronze Age Burial Cist at Bonhill, Dumbartonshire
Authors: Robertson Anne S , Blair D M
Published: March 2023

A short cist of early Bronze Age type contained cremated human remains. It had been badly damaged on discovery. There were no traces of a mound or a cairn. The bones comprised parts of an adult and some animal bones.
Notes: (3) Cists on the Farm of Woodfield, near Stuartfield, Old Deer, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Lockhart R D
Published: March 2023

Two short cists were discovered during road building. The smaller cist contained an urn while the second larger cist was empty.
Memoirs - James Curle and Arthur J H Edwards
Authors: Richmond Ian A , Childe V
Published: March 2023

Short accounts of the lives and achievements of James Curle and Arthur J H Edwards. Curle's account of the brochs at Bow and Torwoodlee, which he contributed to the Society's Proceedings, still holds its place as the basic description of two of the most remarkable early monuments of the Lowlands while his work at Newsteads Fort laid the foundations for a typology of Roman objects found in Scotland. Arthur Edwards was director of the museum from 1938-44. As a result of his studies he was able to initiate a new era in the conservation of the relics of Scotland's past, and the splendid iron work from Newstead, Traprain Law, and Viking graves constitutes enduring monuments to his skill.
An unrecognized group of chambered cairns
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

A previously unrecognised group of chambered cairns have recently been identified in a 'blank' belt from the Dornoch Firth to the Cromarty Firth. The list comprises a regular chain of fourteen long or chambered cairns beginning just west of Edderton and extending along the foothills of Easter Ross overlooking the Cromarty Firth almost to the mouth of the Conon, together with eight comparable monuments east of that firth on the Black Isle. Only three of the monuments have previously been described. The relationship of these monuments to the Clava and Pentland types is considered and each of them is described in detail.
Ancient denominations of agricultural land in Scotland; a summary of recorded opinions with some notes, observations and references
Authors: McKerral Andrew
Published: March 2023

There are a wide range of denominations (values attributed to portions of land) in Highland charters and rentals. The subject is important for our understanding of past agrarian conditions in Scotland and a good deal of political history. The article provides a short summary of the subject and relevant publications as well as considering some of the details which still present difficulties. Celtic, Saxon, Norse, and Feudal or Scottish land denominations are all considered.
Newly discovered sculptured stones from Papil, Shetland
Authors: Moar Peter , Stewart John
Published: March 2023

Three stones were discovered during grave digging in the churchyard of Papil. The stones comprise a cross-slab, an interlaced cross and a socketed cross-stone. These are described and illustrated and a list of all known sculptured stones from Shetland is provided. One of the stones which has a long-shafted Latin cross, with flared arms and almost square base, is unique in Scotland although parallels can be found in Ireland. The other two stones also have much in common with Irish examples. it is argued that a community of Irish monks had established itself in Shetland at least a thousand years ago, and that this community could have few links with the mainland of Scotland.
Notes: (4) Roman Fragments from Castle Dykes near Cockburnsparth and from St Abb's Head
Authors: Hogg A H A
Published: March 2023

A fragment of vessel glass from Castle Dykes was found within the enclosure, a short distance north of the north end of the southern of the two surviving sections of the rampart, the central part of which is obliterated. It cannot be closely dated. A small piece of rim of hard grey ware, dating between AD 150 and 250 is of interest as suggesting early occupation of St Abb's Head. no Roman site is recorded in either district, and relics are generally so scarce that it seems more probable that there is some connection in date than that their occurrence on these sites is fortuitous.
The stone industries associated with the raised beach at Ballantrae
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

More than three thousand pieces have been collected. There is evidence to suggest that some of the flint was imported from Ireland. Tools include flakes, scrapers, burins, microburins, cores, knives and arrowheads. Four of the items are made from Arran pitchstone. The industries have both Mesolithic and Neolithic components.
The Excavation of the 'Wag' or Prehistoric Cattle-fold at Forse, Caithness, and the Relation of 'Wags' to Brochs, and implications arising therefrom
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

The wag consisted of a series of stone-built structures within a bank and ditch enclosure. Artefacts included small sherds of coarse cooking pots, two saddle querns and three modified human bones.
Notes: (3) Jottings on Early Pottery
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

A re-assessment of Neolithic pottery from the Isle of Lewis, Urquhart, Morayshire, Skitten, Caithness, Dingieshowe and Evie in Orkney, Glenluce, Wigtonshire and Hedderwick, East Lothian. Sherds from Kenny's Cairn in Caithness have now been dated to the Iron Age.
Notes: (9) Iron Age Pottery from Sundayswells Hill, Torphins, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

Re-assessment of a vessel discovered within a cairn. A second vessel recovered from a nearby cist is a wide shallow bowl which the writer argues has more in common with Early Iron Age vessels.
The Abbot's Cross
Authors: Fenton William
Published: March 2023

Discussion of a cross-stone used as a boundary marker in Lintrathen, Angus.
A Bronze Worker's Anvil and other Tools recently acquired by the Inverness Museum, with a Note on another Scottish Anvil
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

A group of objects described as part of a metal-worker's stock comprising a broken spearhead, a socketed hammer and an anvil. The wider distribution of anvils is considered.
Excavations in Two Homesteads at Crock Cleuch, Roxburghshire
Authors: Steer Kenneth A , Keeney G S
Published: March 2023

Excavation of two adjacent stone built enclosures and associated field system characterised as homesteads or clusters of houses. There is a marked concentration of these along the sides of the valleys of the Bowmont and Kale Waters and their tributaries, although they differ widely in plan and construction, and, it may be inferred,in date.
Notes: (3) Inscribed Panel at South House, Liberton
Authors: Calder Charles S T
Published: March 2023

A square stone panel with the initials W S and E Q carved in relief, together with the date 1671 is incorporated into the structure of South House. The initials are said to be those of William Stoddart, a former proprietor of the house, and of his wife Elizabeth White (Quhite).
Notes: (8) Cist Burial at Bo'ness
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

A long cist containing a skeleton was discovered by workmen.
Account of the Excavation of Bronze Age Cists at Pinnaclehill, Kelso
Authors: Calder Charles S T , Osman Hill W C
Published: March 2023

Two stone cists were discovered within an overgrown mound during landscaping. One of the cists had previously been disturbed. A total of three skeletons were associated, one of whom was an adult male.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 81

Table of contents

List of illustrations
Two Textiles from the National Museum, Edinburgh
Authors: Crowfoot Grace Mary
Published: March 2023

This paper provides a detailed analysis of two textiles from the National Museum, Edinburgh, complete with illustrations. The first is the Balmaclellan diamond twill, which is a light brown wool found wrapped around four little packets of Celtic bronzes. Secondly, the Falkirk tartan, which is a dark brown and pale greenish-brown wool, discovered with the famous Falkirk hoard of silver coins. Crowfoot concludes by dating the Balmaclellan diamond twill with some probability to the second to third century, and the Falkirk tartan with certainty to the third century.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the Society’s museum and library collections A report on the excavations that took place during the preceding sessionA note on the Rhind LecturesA report on three reels of film acquired by the SocietyThe Treasurer's accounts for 1948-1949.
The Iron Age Settlement at Hayhope Knowe, Roxburghshire: Excavations, 1949
Authors: Piggott Cecily Margaret , Steer Kenneth , Orr M Y
Published: March 2023

The excavation of a double palisade enclosure near Roxburgh in 1949 uncovered three Iron Age huts. This report describes the excavation process and the layout of the site, as well as the finds made during the excavation. The authors then offer some suggestions regarding the lifestyle of the people living in these huts, although the construction and purpose of the double palisade remains unclear.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 83

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1950-1

List of the Fellows, Corresponding members, Honorary Fellows, Etc., March 1951

Lady Associate

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1949-1950
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1949 – 1950. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1949 – 1950.
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1950-1951
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1950 – 1951.
Meetings of the Society
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1950 – 1951.
A Late Bronze Age hoard from Peeblesshire
Authors: Piggott Stuart
Published: March 2023

A report on the Late Bronze Age hoard found in Peebleshire in 1864. The article compares the 28 pieces found in the hoard to other hoard finds from the UK and central and northern Europe. The author speculates that most of the bronze pieces found may be the metal elements of a horse harness and vehicle mountings from a cart. A date of the 7th-6th centuries BC is discussed in relation to these finds.
Meetings of the Society
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1952 – 1953.
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1955-1956
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1955 – 1956. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1955 – 1956.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 93

Table of contents

Office-bearers of the Society 1959-60

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1962-1963
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1962 – 1963. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1962 – 1963.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows. The Annual Report was then delivered, covering topics such as Fellowship, Meetings, Administration, publications and grants. The Treasurer then presented the Society’s accounts for 1963-64.
Excavation of a setting of standing stones at Lundin Farm, near Aberfeldy, Perthshire
Authors: Stewart Margaret E C , Piggott Stuart , Murphy T R , Murray James S
Published: March 2023

GR NN 882505. A setting of four stones on the rim of an artificially flattened gravel knoll was partially excavated, producing several cremations. A central pit lay under heaped-up stones and earth. Associated finds included Beaker and cordoned urn sherds and a ?bowdrill stone. An appendix lists and maps 26 pairs of standing stones in Perthshire. There are specialist reports on the cremated skeletal material and charcoal.
Scottish windmills: an outline and inventory
Authors: Donnachie Ian L , Stewart Norma K
Published: March 2023

An outline of the history, development and distribution of Scottish windmills introduces an interim inventory of known survivals and a select list of documented sites. Of the 100 or so mills built between 15th and 19th cents, about forty remain but are in various states of disrepair; the only comparable restored example is in Co Down. The peak of building activity, in late 18th and early 19th cents, was due to a boom in cereal production combined with highly developed technology brought from England and Netherlands. Development, though broadly similar to that in England, began rather later, and by mid-19th cent windpower had given way to steam. Five main classes of mills are distinguished and their construction, layout and machinery described. They are mainly found on E coast, where conditions are similar to those in England and Netherlands, but occur also in exposed western districts. Mills were used for lead-ore crushing and water-pumping as well as for grinding grain.
The domestic architecture of a Fife river port prior to 1810: Kincardine-on-Forth
Authors: Drummond A Isobel R
Published: March 2023

I have been interested in the old houses of Clackmannanshire and in those of neighbouring counties since 1938. I have prepared a thesis on ‘The Castellated andDomestic Architecture of Clackmannanshire and its borders from the Medieval Period to 1830’, with a section comparing the architecture of this area with similar architecture found elsewhere in western Europe. In so doing, I have taken the opportunity of examining the old houses in Kincardine-on-Forth.

The Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments, Inventory for the Counties of Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan, published in 1933, gave no written report of the ‘burgh of barony’ Kincardine-on-Forth, which became a busy riverport by the eighteenth century. Several admirable photographs were taken of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century houses by the officers of the National BuildingsRecord, a few of which are used to illustrate the following article.
Meetings of the Society
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1964 – 1965.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 98

Table of contents

Office-bearers of the Society 1964-5

Office-bearers of the Society 1965-6

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Prehistoric settlement in Durness
Authors: Reid R W K , David G , Aitken A
Published: March 2023

A study in depth of a small, well-defined area in which monuments of Neolithic to EIA date are correlated with their physical background and a quantitative analysis is provided. The contrasting geological regions of Durness make it particularly suitable for such a pilot study. Detailed survey produced maps of solid and drift geology on which the field monuments, many hitherto unrecorded, were plotted. Early settlement concentrated markedly on the light soils of the limestone areas and avoided the inhospitable gneiss and quartzite almost entirely. The sandy soils were not used until EIA and then probably kept for grazing. There are two possible Neo and twelve BA cairns, and some ?field clearance heaps. EIA monuments include a promontory fort, souterrain, two duns and a round house. Numerous hut circles are discussed in detail. Appendices list the eighty-two ancient monuments of Durness and the round houses and "wags" of a much wider area (Outer Hebrides, Northern Isles and Caithness); correlation tables compare archaeological sites with physical features.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows. The Annual Report was then delivered, covering topics such as Fellowship, Meetings, Excavations, publications and grants. The Treasurer then presented the Society’s accounts for 1966-67.
Recent excavations in Peeblesshire
Authors: MacLaren Alastair , Lisowski F P , Spence T F
Published: March 2023

NR 085234; 098396. At Weird Law a low bank surrounded a circular level space (34ft diameter) with a central low turf-covered mound (14ft diameter). Excavation revealed the sequence: ring of stones enclosing two central pits, which were then refilled and a cremation pyre was built and fired; four pits, dug through the ashes to receive the bones of two bodies, were then refilled and sealed with stones. Previously thought to be hut circles, such sites are largely confined to the Highland Zone but can be compared with, eg, henges. A 14C date of 1490 + 90 BC agrees well enough with that from the comparable site at Whitestanes Moor. Broughton Knowe, a low turf-covered mound, had been plundered; a small quantity of cremated bone and charcoal, flint scrapers and sherds indicated the original burial, laid on the old ground surface. The surrounding ditch, refilled soon after being dug, contained packing stones disposed as if to support a tent-like covering for the central area. An EIA date is not excluded but the Bronze Age seems more likely.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 99

Table of contents

Office-bearers of the Society 1966-7
Highlights From CROI, the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections—Postexposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infections, a New Protease Inhibitor for COVID-19, Goals for Preventing HIV Transmission, and More
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: March 2023

This Medical News Q&A discusses research highlights from the recent Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.
A Young Woman With Dyspnea During Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Gupta Praveen
Published: March 2023

A woman in her mid-20s was evaluated for a history of dyspnea on exertion for 2 years. A 6F pigtail catheter was placed in the left ventricle via the right femoral artery, but the patient developed acute onset of dyspnea along with retrosternal chest pain; the catheter was pulled back into the right atrium, and chest fluoroscopy was performed. What would you do next?
Effect of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet on the Gut Microbiome in Preterm Infants
Authors: Embleton Nicholas D. , Sproat Thomas , Uthaya Sabita , Young Gregory R. , Garg Shalabh , Vasu Vimal , Masi Andrea C. , Beck Lauren , Modi Neena , Stewart Christopher J. , Berrington Janet E.
Published: March 2023

Importance

The effect of using an exclusive human milk diet compared with one that uses bovine products in preterm infants is uncertain, but some studies demonstrate lower rates of key neonatal morbidities. A potential mediating pathway is the gut microbiome.

Objective

To determine the effect of an exclusive human milk diet on gut bacterial richness, diversity, and proportions of specific taxa in preterm infants from enrollment to 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 neonatal intensive care units in the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2020, microbiome analyses were blind to group. Infants less than 30 weeks’ gestation who had only received own mother’s milk were recruited before 72 hours of age. Statistical analysis was performed from July 2019 to September 2021.

Interventions

Exclusive human milk diet using pasteurized human milk for any shortfall in mother’s own milk supply and human milk–derived fortifiers (intervention) compared with bovine formula and bovine-derived fortifier (control) until 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Fortifier commenced less than 48 hours of tolerating 150 mL/kg per day.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Gut microbiome profile including alpha and beta diversity, and presence of specific bacterial taxa.

Results

Of 126 preterm infants enrolled in the study, 63 were randomized to control (median [IQR] gestation: 27.0 weeks [26.0-28.1 weeks]; median [IQR] birthweight: 910 g [704-1054 g]; 32 [51%] male) and 63 were randomized to intervention (median [IQR] gestation: 27.1 weeks [25.7-28.1 weeks]; median [IQR] birthweight: 930 g [733-1095 g]; 38 [60%] male); 472 stool samples from 116 infants were analyzed. There were no differences in bacterial richness or Shannon diversity over time, or at 34 weeks between trial groups. The exclusive human milk diet group had reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus after adjustment for confounders (coefficient estimate, 0.056; P = .03), but not after false discovery rate adjustment. There were no differences in time to full feeds, necrotizing enterocolitis, or other key neonatal morbidities.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial in preterm infants using human milk–derived formula and/or fortifier to enable an exclusive human milk diet, there were no effects on overall measures of gut bacterial diversity but there were effects on specific bacterial taxa previously associated with human milk receipt. These findings suggest that the clinical impact of human milk–derived products is not modulated via microbiomic mechanisms.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN trial registry identifier: ISRCTN16799022
Association of an Alcohol Abstinence Program With Mortality in Individuals Arrested for Driving While Alcohol Impaired
Authors: Nicosia Nancy , Kilmer Beau , Midgette Greg , Suttorp Booth Marika
Published: March 2023

This study examines the associations of 24/7 sobriety programs with reduced alcohol-involved offenses.
Plan quality analysis of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy treatment planning in liver tumor
Authors: Watcharawipha Anirut , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Kongsa Anupong , Tippanya Damrongsak , Chitapanarux Imjai
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in the liver, RTOG‐1112 guides the treatment modalities including the dose constraints for this technique but not the plan parameters. This study is not only analyzing the plan quality by utilizing the plan parameters and indexes but also compares treatment modalities from the protocol implementation.

Method and material

Twenty‐five patients treated in the period from February 2020 to September 2022 were recruited in this analysis. Two planners randomly selected the patients and modalities. The modalities employed were Volumetric‐Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and Helical Tomotherapy (HT). Various parameters and indexes were used to access not only the plan quality but also to compare each modality. The parameters and indexes studied were the homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), gradient distance (GD), and the dose received by the organs at risk.

Result

The data reveals that the mean volume of PTV is 60.8 ± 53.9 cc where these targets exhibit no significant difference between each modality. The HI shows a consistent value for both modalities. Between each modality, the CI value shows less deviation, but the HT shows slightly higher performance than VMAT. The value of GD is 1.5 ± 0.3 cm where the HT provides a shorter distance compared to VMAT as well.

Conclusion

The parameters and indexes should be utilized for the plan evaluation although in the guidelines this was not required. Various modalities were employed for treatment. Both can achieve the treatment criteria with slightly low performance of VMAT.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for H2O2 Electrosynthesis via Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Min , Liu Wei , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Chang , Huang Xiao , Wang Deli
Published: March 2023

Oxygen reduction reaction via the two‐electron route (2e− ORR) provides a green method for the direct production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) along with in situ utilization. The effective catalysts with high ORR activity, 2e− selectivity, and stability are essential for the application of this technology. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted intensively attention for H2O2 electrosynthesis owing to the unique geometric and electronic configurations. In this review, the mechanism and theoretical predictions for 2e− ORR over SACs are first introduced. Then, the recent advances of various SACs for the electrosynthesis of H2O2 are documented. And the correlation between the central atom, coordination atoms, and coordination environment of SACs and the corresponding electrocatalytic ORR performance including activity, selectivity, and stability are emphatically analyzed and summarized. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities regarding the future design of SACs for the H2O2 production are pointed out.
Spatio‐Temporal Correlations in Memristive Crossbar Arrays due to Thermal Effects
Authors: Schön Daniel , Menzel Stephan
Published: March 2023

Memristive valence change memory (VCM) cells show a strong non‐linearity in the switching kinetics which is induced by a temperature increase. In this respect, thermal crosstalk can be observed in highly integrated crossbar arrays which may impact the resistance state of adjacent devices. Additionally, due to the thermal capacitance, a VCM cell can remain thermally active after a pulse and thus influence the temperature conditions for a possible subsequent pulse. By using a finite element model of a crossbar array, it is shown that spatio‐temporal thermal correlations can occur and are capable of affecting the resistive state of adjacent cells. This new functional behavior can potentially be used for future neuromorphic computing applications.
Multifunctional BPs/MT@PLGA‐ALE Nanospheres for Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture with Near‐Infrared Irradiation
Authors: Zheng Kai , Bai Jiaxiang , Chen Wanling , Xu Yaozeng , Yang Huilin , Li Wei , Li Penghui , Tong Liping , Wang Huaiyu , Chu Paul K. , Geng Dechun
Published: March 2023

Osteoporotic fracture, which is a clinical complication of osteoporosis featured with the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Non‐surgical intervention is frequently required post‐operatively to ameliorate the fracture healing. Nevertheless, current non‐surgical therapies are mostly performed in a non‐targeted manner without giving enough consideration to the pathological characteristics of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an optimal strategy for promoting fracture healing under osteoporotic conditions. In this study, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform is designed to work in conjunction with near‐infrared irradiation. Specifically, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is functionalized with alendronate (ALE) and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) together with melatonin (MT) molecules are encapsulated by PLGA‐ALE to produce the multifunctional BPs/MT@PLGA‐ALE nanospheres. In this structure, BPs degrade gradually and deliver mild photothermal effects to facilitate bone regeneration, whereas MT has the dual‐capability of suppressing osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteogenesis. Moreover, ALE endows the nanoplatform with the reliable bone‐targeting capacity to improve the therapeutic effects. The combination of BPs/MT@PLGA‐ALE nanospheres and photothermal therapy significantly improve post‐surgical healing of osteoporotic fracture by modulating the tumor necrosis factor and cell death‐related signaling pathways. This study reveals a promising strategy to treat osteoporotic fracture and broadens the application of nanomaterials in the biomedical field.
Tuneable Piezoresistance of Graphene‐Based 2D:2D Nanocomposite Networks
Authors: Garcia James R. , McCrystal Mark , Horváth Dominik , Kaur Harneet , Carey Tian , Coleman Jonathan N.
Published: March 2023

Piezoresistive nanocomposites are an important class of materials that allow the production of very sensitive strain sensors. Herein, a new class of piezoresistive nanocomposites prepared by mixing different types of 2D nanosheets is explored. In this way, three distinct types of nanocomposite are produced by mixing conducting and insulating nanosheets (graphene, Gr and boron nitride, BN), conducting and semiconducting nanosheets (graphene and tungsten diselenide, WSe2 or tungsten disulfide, WS2) as well as mixing two different types of conducting nanosheets (graphene and silver, Ag). For each nanocomposite type, a different dependence of composite conductivity on filler volume fraction is observed although all behaviors can be fully described by percolation theory. In addition, each composite type shows different piezoresistive properties. Interestingly, while the conductor insulator composites show the standard monotonic relationship between gauge factor and conductivity, both conductor:semi‐conductor and conductor:conductor composites show very unusual behavior, in each case displaying a peak engage factor at the percolation threshold. In each case, percolation theory is used to develop simple equations for gauge factor as a function of both volume fraction and conductivity that fully describes all experimental data. This work expands the understanding of piezoresistive nanocomposites and provides a platform for the engineering of high‐performance strain sensors.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymeric Coatings for Colorful Artificial Muscles and Motile Humidity Sensor Skin Integrated with Magnetic Composites
Authors: Feng Wei , Pal Aniket , Wang Tianlu , Ren Ziyu , Yan Yingbo , Lu Yanqing , Yang Huai , Sitti Metin
Published: March 2023

Structural colorful cholesterics show impressive susceptibility to external stimulation, leading to applications in electro/mechano‐chromic devices. However, out‐of‐plane actuation of structural colorful actuators based on cholesterics and the integration with other stimulation remains underdeveloped. Herein, colorful actuators and motile humidity sensors are developed using humidity‐responsive cholesteric liquid crystal networks (CLCNs) and magnetic composites. The developed colorful actuator can exhibit synergistic out‐of‐plane shape morphing and color change in response to humidity, with CLCNs as colorful artificial muscles. Through the integration with magnetic control, the motile sensor can be navigated to open and confined spaces with the aid of friction to detect local relative humidity. The integration of multi‐stimulation actuation of cholesteric magnetic actuators will expand the research frontier of structural colorful actuators and motile sensors for confined spaces.
Molecular Tuning of a Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxamide Supramolecular Fibrous Hydrogel Enables Control over Viscoelasticity and Creates Tunable ECM‐Mimetic Hydrogels and Bioinks
Authors: Hafeez Shahzad , Aldana Ana A. , Duimel Hans , Ruiter Floor A. A. , Decarli Monize Caiado , Lapointe Vanessa , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew B.
Published: March 2023

Traditional synthetic covalent hydrogels lack the native tissue dynamics and hierarchical fibrous structure found in the extracellular matrix (ECM). These dynamics and fibrous nanostructures are imperative in obtaining the correct cell/material interactions. Consequently, the challenge to engineer functional dynamics in a fibrous hydrogel and recapitulate native ECM properties remains a bottle‐neck to biomimetic hydrogel environments. Here, the molecular tuning of a supramolecular benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogelator via simple modulation of hydrophobic substituents is reported. This tuning results in fibrous hydrogels with accessible viscoelasticity over 5 orders of magnitude, while maintaining a constant equilibrium storage modulus. BTA hydrogelators are created with systematic variations in the number of hydrophobic carbon atoms, and this is observed to control the viscoelasticity and stress‐relaxation timescales in a logarithmic fashion. Some of these BTA hydrogels are shear‐thinning, self‐healing, extrudable, and injectable, and can be 3D printed into multiple layers. These hydrogels show high cell viability for chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells, establishing their use in tissue engineering applications. This simple molecular tuning by changing hydrophobicity (with just a few carbon atoms) provides precise control over the viscoelasticity and 3D printability in fibrillar hydrogels and can be ported onto other 1D self‐assembling structures. The molecular control and design of hydrogel network dynamics can push the field of supramolecular chemistry toward the design of new ECM‐mimicking hydrogelators for numerous cell‐culture and tissue‐engineering applications and give access toward highly biomimetic bioinks for bioprinting.
Dihydroxyterephthalate—A Trojan Horse PET Counit for Facile Chemical Recycling
Authors: Lee Ting‐Han , Forrester Michael , Wang Tung‐ping , Shen Liyang , Liu Hengzhou , Dileep Dhananjay , Kuehl Baker , Li Wenzhen , Kraus George , Cochran Eric
Published: March 2023

Here, low‐energy poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) chemical recycling in water: PET copolymers with diethyl 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalate (DHTE) undergo selective hydrolysis at DHTE sites, autocatalyzed by neighboring group participation, is demonstrated. Liberated oligomeric subchains further hydrolyze until only small molecules remain. Poly(ethylene terephthalate‐stat‐2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalate) copolymers were synthesized via melt polycondensation and then hydrolyzed in 150–200 °C water with 0–1 wt% ZnCl2, or alternatively in simulated sea water. Degradation progress follows pseudo‐first order kinetics. With increasing DHTE loading, the rate constant increases monotonically while the thermal activation barrier decreases. The depolymerization products are ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid, and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate dimer, which could be used to regenerate virgin polymer. Composition‐optimized copolymers show a decrease of nearly 50% in the Arrhenius activation energy, suggesting a 6‐order reduction in depolymerization time under ambient conditions compared to that of PET homopolymer. This study provides new insight to the design of polymers for end‐of‐life while maintaining key properties like service temperature and mechanical properties. Moreover, this chemical recycling procedure is more environmentally friendly compared to traditional approaches since water is the only needed material, which is green, sustainable, and cheap.
Electronic/Optoelectronic Memory Device Enabled by Tellurium‐based 2D van der Waals Heterostructure for in‐Sensor Reservoir Computing at the Optical Communication Band
Authors: Zha Jiajia , Shi Shuhui , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Huang Haoxin , Yang Peng , Yao Yao , Li Siyuan , Xia Yunpeng , Zhang Zhuomin , Wang Wei , Wang Huide , Wang Shaocong , Yuan Zhen , Yang Zhengbao , He Qiyuan , Tai Huiling , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Yu Hongyu , Ho Johnny C. , Wang Zhongrui , Zhang Hua , Tan Chaoliang
Published: March 2023

Although 2D materials are widely explored for data storage and neuromorphic computing, the construction of 2D material‐based memory devices with optoelectronic responsivity in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) region for in‐sensor reservoir computing (RC) at the optical communication band still remains a big challenge. In this work, an electronic/optoelectronic memory device enabled by tellurium‐based 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is reported, where the ferroelectric CuInP2S6 and tellurium channel endow this device with both the long‐term potentiation/depression by voltage pulses and short‐term potentiation by 1550 nm laser pulses (a typical wavelength in the conventional fiber optical communication band). Leveraging the rich dynamics, a fully memristive in‐sensor RC system that can simultaneously sense, decode, and learn messages transmitted by optical fibers is demonstrated. The reported 2D vdW heterostructure‐based memory featuring both the long‐term and short‐term memory behaviors using electrical and optical pulses in SWIR region has not only complemented the wide spectrum of applications of 2D materials family in electronics/optoelectronics but also paves the way for future smart signal processing systems at the edge.
Rational Design of Layered MnO2@Graphene with Hierarchical Structure for Flexible Quasisolid‐State Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery via Laser Activation
Authors: Zhong Xiaoqiu , Yang Chao , Zhao Yongqing , Qiu Jianhui , Zang Limin
Published: March 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion battery (AZIB) based on Zn//MnO2 is considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices. However, the poor Zn2+ storage kinetics and structural integrity of MnO2 affect its electrochemical performance. In this work, the vertically aligned multilayer graphene sheets (VGS) are in situ formed on the graphite paper via laser activation, and then MnO2 nanoflakes are coated on the VGS by electrochemical deposition, leading to the layered MnO2@graphene with hierarchical structure. The MnO2 nanoflakes coated on the VGS not only have improved charges transfer and structural integrity owing to the conductive skeleton, but also expose more accessible area to the electrolyte. In addition, the inner layer of graphite paper maintains its original structure, which can serve as current collector and endow the composite materials with good flexibility. In light of this rational design, the coin‐type AZIB assembled with layered MnO2@graphene as cathode shows a maximum capacity of 363.6 mAh g−1. Furthermore, a flexible quasisolid‐state AZIB is fabricated, which also exhibits superior electrochemical performance and flexibility (97.0% capacity retention after 1000 bending cycles). This work provides a feasible and effective strategy to develop flexible MnO2@graphene as cathode for high‐performance rechargeable Zn//MnO2 AZIB by rational design of the structure.