bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEMBANGUN KOMPETENSI ABAD 21 MELALUI METODE CONSTRUCTIVE CONTROVERSY PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Wahyuni Leny Sri
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe an image of cooperative learning model application through constructive controversy method in building 21st century competencies towards English learning. This study uses descriptive qualitative which took place at the second grade of SMKN 1 Talaga, Majalengka. Collecting data is done by using observation, interview, and documentation. The results illustrate that the ability to communicate, collaborate, think critically, and creatively in students can be built through controversial issues which make them challenged to discuss actively, intensively, and comprehensively. The use of 'gambits' in form of asking and giving opinions is quite effective to encourage students to analyze (communicate actively and effectively) related to the issues raised, collaborate intensively on various ideas to make decisions, and formulate solutions by constructing ideas from various results of divergent thinking. Keywords: 21st century competencies; English learning; cooperative learning model; constructive controversy method; controversy issues
Recent Star Formation in a Massive Slowly Quenched Lensed Quiescent Galaxy at z = 1.88
Authors: Akhshik Mohammad , Whitaker Katherine E. , Leja Joel , Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Brammer Gabriel , Toft Sune , Bezanson Rachel , Man Allison , Nelson Erica J. , Pacifici Camilla , Wellons Sarah , Williams Christina C.
Published: January 2021

In this Letter, we reconstruct the formation pathway of MRG-S0851, a massive,

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

=
11.02
±
0.04

, strongly lensed, red galaxy at z = 1.883 ± 0.001. While the global photometry and spatially resolved outskirts of MRG-S0851 imply an early formation scenario with a slowly decreasing or constant star formation history, a joint fit of 2D grism spectroscopy and photometry reveals a more complex scenario: MRG-S0851 is likely to be experiencing a centrally concentrated rejuvenation in the inner ∼1 kpc in the last ∼100 Myr of evolution. We estimate 0.5 ± 0.1% of the total stellar mass is formed in this phase. Rejuvenation episodes are suggested to be infrequent for massive galaxies at z ∼ 2, but as our analyses indicate, more examples of complex star formation histories may yet be hidden within existing data. By adding an FUV color criterion to the standard U–V/V–J diagnostic—thereby heightening our sensitivity to recent star formation—we show that we can select populations of galaxies with similar spectral energy distributions to that of MRG-S0851, but note that deep follow-up spectroscopic observations and/or spatially resolved analyses are necessary to robustly confirm the rejuvenation of these candidates. Using our criteria with MRG-S0851 as a prototype, we estimate that ∼1% of massive quiescent galaxies at 1 < z < 2 are potentially rejuvenating.
Turbulence and Particle Acceleration in Shearing Flows
Authors: Rieger Frank M. , Duffy Peter
Published: January 2021

We explore constraints imposed by shear-driven instabilities on the acceleration of energetic particles in relativistic shearing flows. We show that shearing layers in large-scale AGN jets are likely to encompass a sizeable fraction (≳0.1) of the jet radius, requiring seed injection of GeV electrons for efficient acceleration. While the diffusion process may depend on predeveloped turbulence if injection occurs at higher energies, electron acceleration to PeV and proton acceleration to EeV energies appears possible within the constraints imposed by jet stability.
Agendas in legislative decision‐making
Authors: Horan Sean
Published: January 2021

Despite the wide variety of agendas used in legislative settings, the literature on sophisticated voting has focused on two formats: the so‐called Euro–Latin and Anglo–American agendas. In the current paper, I introduce a broad class of agendas whose defining structural features—history‐independence and persistence—are common in legislative settings. I then characterize the social choice rules implemented by sophisticated voting on agendas with these two features. I also characterize the rules implemented by more specialized formats (called priority agendas and convex agendas) whose structure is closely related to the prevailing rules for order‐of‐voting used by legislatures. These results establish a clear connection between structure and outcomes for a wide range of legislative agendas.
Chain stability in trading networks
Authors: Hatfield John William , Kominers Scott Duke , Nichifor Alexandru , Ostrovsky Michael , Westkamp Alexander
Published: January 2021

In a general model of trading networks with bilateral contracts, we propose a suitably adapted chain stability concept that plays the same role as pairwise stability in two‐sided settings. We show that chain stability is equivalent to stability if all agents' preferences are jointly fully substitutable and satisfy the Laws of Aggregate Supply and Demand. In the special case of trading networks with transferable utility, an outcome is consistent with competitive equilibrium if and only if it is chain stable.
«Monstruosos» patriarcados. Los Patriarcados de Lisboa e Indias frente a la revolución liberal en Portugal y España
Authors: Martínez Vilches David
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza los proyectos y las realidades de cambio que protagonizaron el Patriarcado de Lisboa y el Patriarcado de Indias en Portugal y España, respectivamente, durante la Revolución liberal. Esta óptica comparativa nos lleva a considerar, además del complicado acomodo de una institución propia del Antiguo Régimen al nuevo sistema impuesto por el liberalismo, la dificultad de establecer límites nítidos entre las esferas de actuación del Estado liberal y la Iglesia en un momento caracterizado por la confrontación entre ambas instancias. Pero también, paradójicamente, cómo estas instituciones que tantos recelos suscitaban podían acomodarse, no sin contradicciones, al nuevo contexto, en el que en ambos países ibéricos se planteaba el paso de Monarquía a nación conservando la religión como elemento definitorio para asegurar que las antiguas lealtades revertían en el nuevo sistema liberal.
Experiences of Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: LoGiudice Jenna A. , Bartos Susan
Published: January 2021

Background

The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 was a global event for which nurses had limited time to prepare before receiving an influx of high-acuity patients and navigating new plans of care.

Objectives

To understand nurses’ lived experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine their resiliency.

Methods

A convergent mixed methods design was applied in this study. For the quantitative portion, resiliency was measured by using the Brief Resilience Coping Scale. Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for qualitative analysis.

Results

A total of 43 nurses participated in the study. The mean score on the Brief Resilience Coping Scale was 14.4. From 21 robust narratives, Colaizzi’s qualitative method yielded 5 themes to describe the experience of being a nurse during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Understanding the lived experience provides a unique lens through which to view nursing during a global pandemic, and it serves as a starting point to ensure future safeguards are in place to protect nurses’ well-being.
Living under lockdown in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: anxious voices from the unplanned shift to online therapy
Authors: Knight Zelda Gillian
Published: January 2021

This paper is a narrative, phenomenological description of the themes of experiences of some of my South African patients that collectively elicit anxious voices from the unplanned shift to online therapy while living under the world’s longest lockdown in the shadow of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper thus presents a thematic description of moments in therapy, which illustrate the influence of lockdown on their sense of self, and the emergence of new anxieties not encountered before. Such themes are: i) new anxieties about death and dying; ii) new anxieties about loss of contact with friends and family and the emergence of existential anxiety; iii) new anxieties about current household relationships and the emergence of object loss; iv) new anxieties about the unplanned shift to online therapy and the threat of internet dis-connection, and finally; v) new anxieties about missing body parts of online therapy: Part-body-on-the-screen relating versus what-was-once-whole-body relating. As this paper is based on psychoanalytic theory, and the notion of intersubjectivity, my own experiences and thoughts are included in the therapeutic engagement. The core contribution of this paper is that it adds a voice to the other voices of other patients around the world who are also living under lockdown. Without this kind of narrative documentation, the world-wide therapeutic community may not know the extent of the anxieties of living under lockdown in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic.
How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation
Authors: Rotărescu Violeta Stefania , Matei Diana Bianca , Mircea Ioana Alexandra , Mirescu Andreea Maria , Nedelescu Bogdan George , Nedelea Daniela Georgiana , Raluca Neagu Alexandra Nicoleta , Necșulescu Alexandru George , Oteșanu Gabriel Angelo , Tudor Lucian Constantin
Published: January 2021

In the unique context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers and clinicians alike drew attention to the risks involved by physical and social isolation for mental health. Factors like resilience, gender, urban/rural environment, or preexisting anxiety can impact anxious states produced by home forced isolation. Based on these, we assumed that: i) there are significant differences in the level of anxiety (state) during the pandemic, depending on the living area of the subjects; ii) gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between resilience and anxiety; and iii) anxiety (trait), experiential avoidance, resilience, and family connectedness, determine the level of anxiety (state). The MemoryLab team conducted the present study on 495 subjects (n=411 women, age between 18 and 65). Of these, 350 live in large and medium urban areas, 63 in small urban areas, and 82 in rural areas. As instruments, we used The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 2.0), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AAQ-2), The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), The Family Connectedness Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), as well as the standard division of living areas according to community size. Data collection took place online during the spring peak of the pandemic. According to ANOVA analysis, people living in small urban areas have a higher level of anxiety. The difference is significant compared to those living in large and medium cities and villages. Gender has no moderating role in the relationship between resilience and the anxiety state. Also, experiential avoidance, anxiety (trait), and resilience play a significant role on the level of anxiety (state), measured during social isolation. The results could be an important indicator for understanding psychological mechanisms guiding interventions to support the communities effectively.
Predictive capability of response surface methodology and cybernetic models for cyanogenic simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification facilitated by cyanide-resistant bacteria
Authors: Mpongwana Ncumisa , Karabo Obed Ntwampe Seteno , Christine Razanamahandry Lovasoa , Silas Chidi Boredi , Ife Omodanisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Free cyanide (CN-) is a threat to metabolic functions of the microbial population used for the treatment of wastewater, particularly, total nitrogen removal (TN) consortia which gets inhibited by CN- in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Many other methods are used to treat CN- prior to the TN removal stages; however, these methods increase the operational cost of the WWTPs. The capability of a microbial population to use multiple substrates is critical in WWTP and in eliminating inhibition associated with CN-. Previously, cyanide resistant bacteria were used to eliminate the inhibitory effect of CN- towards simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SNaD). However, a study to predict the degradation efficiency of the microorganism was required. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and cybernetic models were used to predict and optimize SNaD performance for TN removal under CN- conditions. Physiological parameters influencing the SNaD were pH 6.5 and 36.5oC, with TN and CN- degradation efficiency of 78.6 and 80.2%, respectively. These results show a complete elimination of the CNinhibitory effect towards SNaD and show the prediction ability of both RSM and the cybernetic models used. These results exhibited a promising solution in the control, management, and optimization of SNaD.
Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review
Authors: Venkatachalam Chitra Devi , Ravichandran Sathish Raam , Sengottian Mothil
Published: January 2021

Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.
Moving online and keeping a distance: Danish reaction to challenges when working in pharmacies or training to be a pharmaconomist during COVID-19
Authors: Durinck Christina , Hagen Elsebeth
Published: January 2021

This article describes the workforce and educational challenges faced by pharmaconomists in Denmark as a consequence of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Danish pharmacies, pharmaconomists make up the majority of the staff. They hold a higher level of qualification than the general European pharmacy technician, more comparable to that of a Bachelor’s degree. In the community pharmacies, pharmaconomists worked long hours and faced new questions and a change in behaviour by the public due to the pandemic. An emergency agreement between The Danish Association of Pharmaconomists and the Association of Danish Pharmacies made flexible planning possible, and guidelines with recommendations meant that most community pharmacies ended up introducing safety measures. In hospitals, pharmaconomists were directly engaged in deciding which kinds of medicine to stock up on to help the COVID-19 patients as they were admitted to hospital. A high level of cooperation and the slashing of red tape made things run relatively smooth. The training of pharmaconomist students went online in spring of 2020, as did exams. It required planning, as did the return to physical school activities as well as CPE in the autumn of 2020.
Precollagen Type III N-terminal Propeptide (PIIINP) a Biomarker Onset in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Mohammed Hasanain Fadhil , Jaber Sarah Hassan , Al-Zubaidi Ali Jabbar
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to asses PIIINP, lipid profile and BMI serum levels in patients with hypertension. The current research The results were Get it from the Draw Blood unity in Al-Sadder infirmary Teaching , Al-Najaf, Iraq, And AL HAKEEM General infirmary in AL-Najaf, Iraq, in 10 Dec 2018 – 19 Jan 2019. Age of hypertensive patients from 40 to Age 70 Normal blood pressure 40 to 70 years. The score show, serious increase (p<0.05) in PIIINP compared with control groups in patients with hypertension. For female patients, the findings of the reported substantially increased (p<0.05) for PIIINP relative to male patient groups. The findings showed a substantial increase (p<0.05) in PIIINP in age (60-70) relative to age (50-59) and (40-49) and increased substantially (p<0.05) in PIIINP in age (50-59) relative to age (40-49); The results showed significant differences in BMI between the hypertensive and the normotensive
EFFECT OF MRIDWEEKADI KASHAYA SEKA IN RETINAL HAEMORRHAGES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY – A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Navaneetha K.P  , Sunil Kumar S  , Kusumam Joseph
Published: January 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of acquired vision loss in middle-aged and elderly people globally. In modern science, other than the meticulous control of diabetes there is no proven non-invasive management for the prevention or cure of Diabetic retinopathy.

In this study, mild to moderate Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with retinal haemorrhages is considered as a Timira (symptomatically) and as Abhishyanda (considering etiopathogenesis) with Kapha-pitta predominance. Mridweekadi kashaya, predominantly Kapha Pitta samana, was selected for the study to be used as Seka.

Method: The study design was Interventional- pre and post evaluation without control, sample size fixed as 30 eyes. Mridweekadi kashaya was used as Seka for 21 days, twice daily. Fundus photographs were taken prior to commencement of Seka, on the 22nd day and then on 30th and 60th day after completion of the procedure. Change in extent of retinal hemorrhages were assessed as visualized in Fundus photographs and direct ophthalmoscopy. Change in visual acuity was assessed by LogMar Visual acuity chart and change in contrast sensitivity by Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart consecutively, prior to the treatment, on the 10th day, 22nd day and then on 30th and 60th day after completion of procedure. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Paired t test according to the variable.

Result: Control in retinal haemorrhages associated with NPDR and improvement in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

Conclusion: Mridweekadi kashaya seka is effective in controlling retinal haemorrhages associated with NPDR.
APAMARGAKSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL EROSION – A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: Neetha Surendran  , Anita K Patel
Published: January 2021

Cervical erosion happens when cells that line the inside of cervix grow on the outside of cervix. That means the squamous epithelium of the cervix is replaced by columnar epithelium. Nowadays it is very common among women in reproductive age. The women with cervical erosion complaints of vaginal discharge, vulval itching, dyspareunia, low back ache etc. In the parallel medical field it is managed by electrocautery, cryotherapy and CO2 laser vaporization. This condition can be correlated with Garbhashayamukhagata Vrana or Karnini Yonivyapada. In Ayurveda, it is treated by Ksharakarma along with internal medications. Ksharakarma itself is sufficient to clear the wound and to promote the healing process. This reviewing is done to know the pharmacological effect of Ksharakarma using Apamarga Kshara. It concluded that the procedure (Ksharakarma) and the drug used to perform the procedure (Apamarga) have the capacity to enhance the reduction of severity of the condition and gradually lead to the complete cure of the same. It is due to the efficacy of Ksharakarma to clear the unhealthy epithelial cells and the presence of wound healing components like tannins, flavonoids, antioxidants etc. in Apamarga. In effect it has equivalent result as modern management, cost effective, easy procedure, brief procedure, no or less complications, less chances for the recurrence of the same.
Prevention of dry socket in mandibular 3rd molars by means of single preoperative oral dose of metronidazole and amoxicillin compared to conventional therapy
Authors: Tahseen shabbir Khooharo  , Sayed Umer Hassan  , Abdul Hafeez Shaikh  , Admin
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of metronidazole and amoxicillin as preoperative single dose treatment with conventional therapy in prevention of dry socket.
Methods: A double blind randomized control trial; patients attending the oral and maxillofacial surgery OPD at DUHS Karachi requiring surgical extraction of madibular 3rd molar during October 2018 till April 2019 were randomly divided into 3 groups. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Board of DUHS Karachi. Consent from patients was also taken. First group was given single preoperative oral dose of 400mg metronidazole one hour before extraction, second group was treated with single oral dose of 500mg amoxicillin an hour before tooth extraction, and both of the groups were given painkillers postoperatively. Third group was given 500mg of Amoxicillin BD, 400mg of metronidazole and painkillers postoperatively. Every group had a follow-up on fifth postoperative day.
Results: Dry socket was reported among 19 patients (8.4 %) amongst them 4 were males and 15 were females. Chi-square test was used to calculate the p-value (0.066). Results of the present trial were statistically insignificant. Incidence of dry socket in amoxicillin group was 3 (5.5%), in metronidazole was 4 (7.5) and in conventional therapy group was 12(16%).
Conclusion: Present trial was not effective in preventing the occurrence of dry socket by means of single preoperative oral dose of metronidazole and amoxicillin compared to conventional therapy. However, clinically percentage of occurrence of dry socket was higher in conventional group compared to amoxicillin and metronidazole group.
Clinical Trial Number: NCT03992144.
Continuous...
Community Satisfaction to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Programs for Rural Economic Empowerment
Authors: Sugiarto Mochamad , Sulaiman Adhi Iman
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyzing the implementation of a cement manufacturer’s CSR programs to improve effectiveness and satisfaction of people in general. The research conducted using survey method to 86 respondents, who are members of Joint Business Group in Cilacap Regency and beneficiaries of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. The data were collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews and discussions, then used descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative narrative. The research results have found that  the company’s direct involvement model in a CSR program gives several advantages. Nevertheless, the limited quantity and quality of this cement manufacturer’s CSR administrators result in less effective planning, assistance and evaluation processes. People are satisfied with how the CSR is executed by the cement manufacturer, yet the program they carry out has not completely matched what these people need and cannot correctly identify the CSR program beneficiary targets. In relation to this, the implementation of CSR using direct involvement model needs some improvement to make it more effective and intensive. The modification of direct involvement model by use of information technology becomes an important alternative to deal with the limited quantitaty and quality of human resources of CSR program administrators.
Perception of St. Valentine’s Day in the Culture Space of Latvia
Authors: Kovzele Oksana
Published: January 2021

Under the contemporary social and economic conditions, no culture can stay “sterile”. Growth of Internet communication and globalization processes facilitates borrowing of new realia including festivities and festive traditions and their circulation in the global culture environment. One of such realia that has become extremely widespread in Europe and the whole world is St. Valentine’s Day. Recent research literature regards it in various aspects (psychological, feminist, commercial, etc.); researchers are also interested in the experience of celebrating St. Valentine’s Day in diverse regions and countries. The present paper aims at characterizing the specificity of perceiving St. Valentine’s Day in Latvia on the basis of newspaper, magazine, almanac articles available to readers in the course of 70 years (since the 1950s till nowadays). On the basis of article content analysis, the paper marks the trends characteristic of Latvian society in treatment of St. Valentine’s Day under different historical, political, and economic conditions, Latvians being in their homeland and/or in exile. The compiled materials show that St. Valentine’s Day entered Latvian culture space and got rooted there only after regaining state independence – in the 1990s and especially in the 21st century. Nowadays it is represented in various spheres of public life, yet the residents’ reaction to this phenomenon that is still foreign to many is rather ambiguous. St. Valentine’s Day is not only associated with love and romance but is treated as a tool that yields commercial profit for traders, whereas for others it causes needless expenses, depression, and disappointment.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn SISWA KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: TABA TABA
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari latar belakang pemikiran mengenai perlunya memingkatkan hasil belajar PKn karena penerapan model pembelajaran masih terpusat pada guru dan rendahnya kualitas proses dan hasil pembelajaran PKn masih di bawah KKM, serta aktivitas siswa cenderung pasif. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka dalam pembelajaran PKn digunakan model pembelajaran tipe STAD pada materi proses Pemilu dan Pilkada. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi,dan refleksi. Hasil belajar PKn peserta didik setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD di kelas IV SDN Jayabakti 03 Kecamatan Cabangbungin, berdasarkan hasil penilaian dan observasi terhadap pembelajaran dan aktivitas peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran PKn selama tiga siklus/tiga siklus penelitian, dapat meningkatkan perolehan hasil belajar dan aktivitas peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran, ini dapat dilihat dari data hasil pos test, baik secara individu maupun nilai rata-rata sudah menunjukan adanya peningkatan. Peningkatan hasil belajar PKn dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran STAD dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tiap siklus yaitu: siklus kesatu 65,00 dan siklus kedua 81,30. Ditinjau dari ketuntasan belajar siklus kesatu baru mencapai 65,22%, dan siklus kedua mencapai menjadi 91,30%. Pada siklus kedua pembelajaran sudah dianggap berhasil mencapai ketuntasan belajar dari batas minimal yang harus dicapai yaitu 85%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu dengan penerapan model pembelajaran STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PKn pada materi Pemilu dan Pemilukada di kelas VI di sekolah dasar
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN TENTANG PERAN INDONESIA DI ASIA TENGGARA DENGAN METODE JIGSAW SISWA KELAS VI SDN KARANGREJA 04 KECAMATAN PEBAYURAN
Authors: ABDULAH ATENG
Published: January 2021

Hasil pembelajaran PKn materi peran Indonesia di Asia Tenggara siswa kelas VI SDN Karangreja 04 masih rendah. Ketecapaian KKM hanya sebesar 33,3%. Pembelajaran yang dilakukan dalam PKn kurang menyentuh ranah afektif dan psikomotor yang juga menjadi hal penting untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran Pkn. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut maka peneliti melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut “Apakah hasil belajar siswa kelas VI dalam pembelajaran PKn tentang Peran Indonesia di Asia Tenggara dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode jigsaw di SDN Karangreja 04?. Penelitian Tindakan kelas ini terdiri dari dua siklus. Dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kelas VI SDN Karangreja 04. Analisis data yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif yaitu menggunakan tabulasi, diagram batang, diagram garis, dan diagram lingkaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa . Hal ini dibktikan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata kelas dan ketercapian KKM yang semakin meningkat dari siklus ke I dan siklus ke II.  Untuk rata-rata kelas meningkat siklus I 79,33 sedangkan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 89,3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode jigsaw dapat meningkatkan  hasil belajar siswa kelas VI pada pembelajaran PKn tentang peran Indonesia di Asia Tenggara di SDN Karangreja 04.
Neurosyphilis mimicking ANCA associated vasculitis
Authors: Barboza Flavio , Lopes Scarinci Heloisa Maria , Angrevski Rodrigues Evelyn , Pichinelli Maffei Talles Henrique , Silva Lima Ygor Augusto , do Carmo de Carvalho Lucas , Aparecida Leite de Lima Thalyne , Rhanda Freitas dos Santos Nohati , Oliveira Lima Bruna Luiza , Sayuri Tanaka Bruna , Gerep Pereira Raquel , Belúcio Neto José
Published: January 2021

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PRESSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÓLICA NOTURNA E DOENÇA CEREBROVASCULAR SUBCLÍNICA: ESTUDO SOBRE ANORMALIDADES CARDIOVASCULARES E LESÕES CEREBRAIS
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Livre-Docente em Cardiologia pela Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, Vilela Martin José Fernando
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Embora a pressão arterial (PA) ambulatorial seja um melhor preditor de desfechos cardiovasculares do que a pressão arterial de consultório, sua associação com a doença cerebrovascular subclínica não está esclarecida. Assim, esse estudo investigou a associação dos valores da PA de consultório e ambulatorial com a doença cerebrovascular subclínica em uma coorte populacional predominantemente idosa, sem histórico de acidente vascular cerebral prévio. Material e Métodos: 828 participantes foram submetidos à monitorização ambulatorial da PA por 24 horas (MAPA), ecocardiograma, ressonância magnética cerebral no estudo Cardiac Abnormalities and Brain Lesion (CABL). PA de vigília, PA durante o sono e de 24 horas, padrão de descenso noturno, elevação matutina (EM) e variabilidade da PA de 24 horas foram avaliados. A doença cerebrovascular subclínica foi definida como infarto cerebral silencioso (ICS) e volume de hiperintensidade da substância branca (VHSB). A associação das medidas da PA com a presença de ICS e o quartil superior do log-VHSB (log-VHSB 4) também foi analisada. Resultados: ICSs foram detectados em 111 pacientes (13,4%). Na análise multivariável, apenas a PA sistólica (PAS) noturna esteve significantemente associada ao ICS [odds ratio (OR): 1,15 para cada 10mmHg, P = 0,042], independente de fatores de risco cardiovascular e parâmetros ecocardiográficos avaliados. Embora PA na vigília, durante o sono, PA de 24 horas e o padrão não dipper tenham sido significantemente associados ao log-VHSB 4, a PAS noturna apresentou a associação mais forte (OR: 1,21 para cada 10 mmHg, P = 0,003) e foi o único preditor independente comparado aos outros parâmetros da PA. Medidas da PA de consultório, EM e variabilidade da PA não foram associadas à doença cerebrovascular subclínica nas análises ajustadas. Conclusões: A PAS elevada durante o sono apresenta forte associação com a doença cerebrovascular subclínica. O estudo conclui que a PAS noturna avaliada pela MAPA permite identificar indivíduos com maior risco de lesão cerebral hipertensiva.
DESIGN APPROACHES FOR LOW POWER- LOW AREA D FLIP FLOP S IN NANO TECHNOLOGY
Authors: KHAN FAYAZ , BABU SIREESH
Published: January 2021

This paper enumerates design of D flip flop with low power and low area for low power applications, for that analysis of various D-flip flops for low power dissipation ,area and delays is carried out at 0.12um to achieve low power, low-area the technology is scaled down to nanometer ranges, due to shrinking process, the leakage power tends to play a vital role in total power consumption at nano meter technology. In this paper, different D flip flop circuits are designed using Berkeley Short Channel Insulated Gate MOSFET (BSIM4) model equations., in this paper to reduce leakage power at 90nm 70nm and 50nm we implement leakage power reduction techniques six techniques are considered they are namely Sleep transistor, sleepy stack, Dual sleep ,Dual stack Forced Transistor sleep (FTS) and Sleepy keeper From the results, it is observed that SLEEP TRANSISTOR, and SLEEPY KEEPER.FORCED TRANSISTOR SLEEP techniques produces lower power dissipation than the other techniques , in this paper a qualitative comparison is done with the help of Dsch,, Micro wind Simulation tools, this paper concludes that a leakage reduction technique produce different power optimization levels for different architectures and employing a suitable technique for a particular architecture will be an effective way of reducing the leakage current and thereby static power.
SIMULINK/MODELSIM CO-SIMULATION AND FPGA REALIZATION OF SPWM CONTROLLER FOR THREE PHASE MULTILEVEL INVERTER
Authors: C K AMALA MINU , VIJAY DARSANA
Published: January 2021

In this project a design of application-based adaptable level three-phase diode clamped multilevel voltage source inverter is proposed. The inverter is designed in a fussy manner, that different levels of the inverter can be designed and simulated in a single circuit. Using select input he level switching of inverter is done. A Mat lab/Simulink model of the proposed design is modeled and simulated, with the gating signals generated using FPGA. A Phase opposition disposition sinusoidal PWM (PODSPWM) algorithm is used for generation of gating signals. The harmonic analysis of the output voltage waveform for each levels of inverter is done separately and using proposed model, verified the result. A comparison of total harmonic distortion of different levels of inverter is done. The t o t a l harmonic distortion is very low for higher level inverter. The FPGA implementation of gating signals for the proposed model is done using Xilinx Spartan 3 XCS400PQ208.
A NEW LOW POWER TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER REDUCTION IN SRAM’S USING COLUMN DECOUPLING COMBINED WITH VIRTUAL GROUNDING
Authors: AHMADSAIDULU SHAIK , SRINIVAS PADALA , IDRISH SHAIK
Published: January 2021

In this paper we are going to modify the column decoupled SRAM for the purpose of more reduced leakages than the existing type of designs as well as the new design which is combined of virtual grounding with column decoupling logic is compared with the existing technologies & the nanometer technology is also improved for the purpose of much improved reduction of area & power factors the simulations were done using microwind& DSCH results.
BUILT IN SELF TEST FOR SAD MODULE IN MOTION ARRAY DETECTION
Authors: GHOUSE K. K. , MASTANI S ARUNA
Published: January 2021

A novel method develops a built-in self-detection and correction (BISDC) architecture for motion estimation computing arrays(MECAs).Based on the error detection & correction concepts of biresidue codes, any single error in each processing element in an MECA can be effectively detected and corrected online using the proposed BISD and built-in selfcorrection circuits. Performance analysis and evaluation demonstrate that the proposed BISDC architecture performs well in error detection and correction with minor area i.e single error bit detection and correction . An advanced model has been proposed for multi bit detection using efficient adder implementation .a comparision is performed between efficient adder and processing element resultant .
A NEW REDUCED CLOCK POWER FLIP-FLOP FOR FUTURE SOC APPLICATIONS
Authors: SHAIK MOHAMMADRAFI , ABHILASH LLAPAVULURI ADITYA , SRINIVAS PADALA
Published: January 2021

In this paper a novel technique is proposed based on the comparison between Conventional Conditional Data Mapping Flip-flop and Clock Pair Shared D flip flop(CPSFF) here we are checking the working of CDMFF and the conventional D Flip-flop. Due to the immense growth in nanometer technology the SOC is became the future concept of the modern electronics the number of clock transistors are also considerably increased. In this paper we propose a new system which will considerably reduce the number of transistor which will lead to the reduction in clocking power which will improve the overall power consumption.Our proposed which is designed using Pass Transistor Logic (LCPTFF) Low Power Clocked Pass Transistor Flip-Flop system is showing much better output than all other designs as mentioned in the tabulation.The simulations are done using Microwind& DSCH analysis software tools and the result between all those types are listed below.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARM BASED EMBEDDED INTELLIGENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLE POSITION SYSTEM
Authors: KUMAR R. ANIL , JYOTHIRMAI G. , RAMESHBABU K.
Published: January 2021

With ARM7 as the core, this paper discusses a kind of design of vehicle location system. The new mobile vehicle Positioning architecture and working theory of this system is integrated by a lot of hardware modules such as ARM microprocessor LPC2129 as a control unit to combinative with GPS LR9548 and GSM TC35 modules By the hardware/software co-design, the new mobile vehicle Positioning system can be designed. It explores location solution, map matching and data compress associated with the positioning, shows a pro-gram flowchart and predicts the trend of the vehicle location system in the future and meets the traffic auditing department’s needs about Mobile Vehicle Location. The set up consists of ARM7TDMI core, which is a 32- bit microprocessor, GSM & GPS serves as an important part as it is responsible for Positioning of the Vehicle. ARM7TDMI is an advanced version of microprocessors and forms the heart of the system. GSM operates through SMSs and is the link between ARM processor and centralized unit. This project is used to find the exact Location of the vehicle. GSM is used to inform the user about the exact Location of the vehicle. The information is given on user request in form of SMS. GSM modem can be controlled by standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands can be used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem.
DESIGN OF AN EFFICIENT REVERSIBLE LOGIC BASED BIDIRECTIONAL BARREL SHIFTER
Authors: ANJANEYULU O. , PRADEEP T. , REDDY C.V. KRISHNA
Published: January 2021

Embedded digital signal processors and general purpose processors will use barrel shifters to manipulate data. This paper will present the design of the barrel shifter that performs logical shift right, arithmetic shift right, rotate right, logical shift left, arithmetic shift left, and rotate left operations. The main objective of the upcoming designs is to increase the performance without proportional increase in power consumption. In this regard reversible logic has become most popular technology in the field of low power computing, optical computing, quantum computing and other computing technologies. Rotating and data shifting are required in many operations such as logical and arithmetic operations, indexing and address decoding etc. Hence barrel shifters which can shift and rotate multiple bits in a single cycle have become a common choice of design for high speed applications. The design has been done using reversible fredkin and feynman gates. In the design the 2:1 mux can be implemented by fredkin gate which reduce quantum cost, number of ancilla bits and number of garbage outputs. The feynman gate will remove the fanout. By comparing the quantum cost, number of ancilla bits and number of garbage outputs the design is evaluated.
SECURE AND RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY WITH CHALLENGES- SMART GRID
Authors: SHARMA SWATI , NAGAL DEVENDRA , SHARMA N.K.
Published: January 2021

Smart Grid implementations will certainly increase the quantity, quality and use of information available from advanced sensing, computing and communications hardware as well as software. There is virtually universal agreement that it is necessary to upgrade the electric grid to increase overall system efficiency and reliability. Many technologies currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. The reliance on old technology leads to inefficient systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers and taxpayers. To upgrade the grid and to operate an improved grid will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and broadband communication capabilities. The access and communications capabilities require the latest in security technology which are reliable for extremely large, wide-area communications networks. This paper discusses features, reasons of development, barriers and their solutions for a smart grid system.
Maternal mortality in Batna from 2014 to 2017
Authors:   Service d’épidémiologie et de médecine préventive CHU de Batna -Algérie., Khelalfa Loubna , Oudjehih Messaouda , Ablous Nacira , Bouzenita Zina Dounia , Toureche Khadidja , Benaldjia Hanane , Beichi Fayçal , Boumaraf Khawla
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Le taux de mortalité maternelle est un indicateur de la prise en charge de la femme enceinte. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient de calculer le taux de mortalité maternelle dans la Wilaya de Batna et dresser un profil des caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des cas du 1er janvier 2014 au 31 décembre 2017. Matériels et méthodes. Étude descriptive rétrospective qui avait porté sur les décès maternels parvenus à la direction de la santé de la wilaya. Les variables de l’étude étaient basées sur celles du formulaire de déclaration obligatoire de décès maternel. Résultats. Durant la période d’étude 55 décès maternels avaient été déclarés pour 136 482 naissances vivantes (NV), soit un taux de mortalité maternelle (TMM) global de 40,3 décès maternels / 100 000 NV. La daïra de Batna avait enregistré le taux le plus élevé avec (12 ,7%), L’âge moyen des femmes était de 32 ans +/- 0,7 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 21à 43 ans. Le secteur public avait enregistré la quasi-totalité des décès (98%) dont près de la moitié (49,1%) étaient survenus dans le post-partum immédiat, causées en premier lieu par les hémorragies de la délivrance avec un pourcentage de 39%, suivies par les septicémies puerpérales et les complications de l’HTA dans 20% et15% des cas respectivement. Conclusion. Le taux de mortalité maternelle à Batna est inférieur au taux national, ceci pourrait s’expliquer par la prise en charge satisfaisante des parturientes de la wilaya ; sous réserve de prendre en considération la part des décès survenus à domicile et ceux non déclarés difficiles à chiffrer.
emerging highly resistant bacteria data at the University Hospital of Batna
Authors:   Laboratoire de bactériologie. CHU de Batna. Faculté de médecine de Batna, Benmhidi Messaoud , Boukhalf Sana , Benammar Sonia , Makhlouf Meriem , Lounis Asma , Khernane Chahinez
Published: January 2021

Les Bactéries multi résistantes posent un problème de santé publique, Thérapeutique, de Pronostic et de Prise en charge. Actuellement, la diffusion de carbapénèmases constitue le problème clinique le plus important en matière de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les Gram négatifs, en particulier chez les entérobactéries et le risque de transmission entre patients et élevé. Cette étude a pour objectifs de donner une répartition des BHRe isolées par service et par prélèvements et de sensibiliser aux risques de l'antibiorésistance Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective avisée descriptive des BHRe isolées des prélèvements pathologiques provenant des différents services du CHU de Batna. Notre enquête a porté sur une année. Tous les prélèvements ont été traités au niveau du laboratoire de bactériologie par un examen microscopique, une culture sur milieux gélosés spécifiques et un antibiogramme selon les normes CLSI. Ces examens ont abouti à un taux de BHRe de 2,20% pour les EPC et 0,5% pour les ERV. Seulement deux espèces sont considérées comme BHRe et qui sont Enterococcus faecium résistants aux glycopeptides quelques soit le mécanisme de résistance (ERV) et Entérobactéries résistantes aux carbapénèmes par production de carbapénèmases (EPC).
Interest of the quantification of HBsAg in the chronic carrier of the hepatitis B virus
Authors:   Faculté de Médecine, Université de Batna 2 – Algérie, Benyahia Anis , Tebbal Soraya , Chiboub Bouthayna , Sadelaoud Mourad , Bouncer Hocine , Ameghchouche Amira Housna , Aouachria Assia
Published: January 2021

La quantification de l’AgHBs a montré un intérêt dans la classification du patient dans les différentes phases de l’infection chronique B. Pour évaluer l’impact de celle-ci, nous avons mené une étude prospective chez les porteurs chroniques du VHB, sur une période de 5 ans. Nous avons colligé 210 patients (114 hommes ; 96 femmes), avec un âge moyen de 43 ans (18 – 80 ans), une cytolyse dans 12% des cas (25/210) et 90% des patients AgHBe négatif (189/210). L’ADN-VHB moyen est de 3,25 ± 2 Log UI/ml. Une fibrose modérée à sévère (F2, F3, F4) est noté dans 21,42% (45/210). Le taux moyen de l’AgHBs est de 2,84 ± 1,1 Log UI/ml, il est de 4,36 LogUI/ml chez le sujet jeune versus 3 LogUI/ml pour le sujet âgé. Nous avons noté une corrélation entre le taux de l’AgHBs et celui de l’ADN VHB (r=0,40, p<0,001). Ce taux est plus élevé pour l’AgHBe positif (3,81 LogUI/ml vs 2,77 LogUI/ml). Les taux moyens d’AgHBs sont de 4,33 ; 3,13 ; 2,87 et 3,19 logUI/ml aux phases 1, 2, 3 et 4 respectivement. Entre phase 1 et phase 3, il est de 3,6 ± 1,5 vs 2,07 ± 1 (p< 0,001). Entre phase active (2 et 4) et phase inactive (3), il est de 3,35 ± 0,7 vs 2,07 ± 1 (p<0,00001). Pour un taux d’ADN VHB < 2000 UI/ml et d’AgHBs < 1000 UI/ml, la proportion de porteurs inactifs est de 43% (90/210) contre 59% (124/210) par la définition usuelle (ADN VHB (<2000 UI/ml).
The "Measure of Man": History of Anthropometry and Auxology
Authors:   Laboratoire LMCVGN, Faculté de Médecine, Université Sétif1,19000 Algérie, Boutrid Nada , Rahmoune Hakim
Published: January 2021

La croissance est un processus biologique correspondant à l'augmentation des dimensions, du poids ou du volume corporel objectivée par la science de la croissance soumise à des lois : l'auxologie, et toute altération de ce processus se reconnaît par l’anthropométrie : mesures corporelles pouvant détecter des anomalies telles que le retard statural ou l’acromégalie. Toutes ces notions, basiques pour les médecins d’aujourd’hui et notamment pour les pédiatres, ont été élaborées sur plus de 2 siècles de recherches cliniques, épidémiologiques et même radiologiques : la naissance de l’Anthropométrie (« Science de la mesure de l’Homme ») et de l’Auxologie (« Étude de la croissance des êtres vivants ») a connu bien des tumultes avant de donner vie à des concepts modernes et des modélisations statistiques et mathématiques dans le but ultime de distinguer les troubles staturaux pathologiques. Cet article brosse un tableau chronologique de la première courbe de croissance du Comte de Montbeillard au 18e siècle jusqu’aux dernières courbes de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé au début du millénaire.