bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The End of the Wooden Shop: Wanganui Architecture in the 1890s
Authors: Pettigrew Wendy , Southcombe Mark
Published: March 2021

The 1890s was a decade of remarkable progress in Whanganui. The depression of the 1880s was over. The town became an important port and distribution centre with railway connections to Wellington and New Plymouth as well as wharves at Castlecliff and in town. Alexander Hatrick began his riverboat service on the river enabling tourists from all over the world to travel the "Rhine of New Zealand." The colonial town developed culturally. The Technical School of Design was established in 1892, the public museum opened a few years later and the library was extended. The local MP, John Ballance, was Premier until his death in 1893; his state funeral and that in 1898 of the Māori chief, Te Keepa Rangihiwinui, were defining moments in Whanganui's history. A 40-year building boom began, starting with the replacement of old town centre premises dating from the 1860s and earlier. In 1890 there were two architects in town, but only one with recognized qualifications: Alfred Atkins, FRIBA. Having been in practice with Frederick de Jersey Clere in the 1880s, Atkins' practice blossomed in the 1890s. He was architect to both the Education and Hospital Boards at a time of major commissions and advisor to the Borough Council. He designed the museum and a large warehouse and bond store for Sclanders of Nelson and organized the architectural competition for what is now known as The Royal Whanganui Opera House. This paper examines these and other buildings together with some "gentlemen's residences" as examples of the Victorian architecture which characterizes Whanganui today. During the 1890s the Borough Council continued to grapple with the problem of fires in town. The arguments raged over the merits of building in wood versus brick. This paper looks at the evolution of the Council's eventual designation in 1898 of a downtown "brick area" with bylaws requiring at least brick side walls on all new buildings. The era of building permits began and the erection of new brick walls heralded the end of the wooden shop. The brick buildings that followed changed the character of Whanganui's townscape.
Max Rosenfeld, The Home Architect
Authors: Abreu e Lima Daniele
Published: March 2021

1949 marks the beginning of a radical change in the relation between New Zealanders and their homes. The new government at that time began encouraging home ownership in opposition to the existing policy of renting state houses. In those days, one of the most influential architects in the country was Max Rosenfeld, a Czech immigrant who became known mainly through the Auckland magazine The Weekly News. Rosenfeld hadn't produced any iconic building or brought any revolutionary aesthetic style. Nevertheless his contribution to New Zealand domestic architecture was tremendous, though today he is hardly ever mentioned. This paper proposes to shed light on the work of this architect focusing on his participation in The Weekly News publication which started in 1949. For almost a decade Rosenfeld became known as the "Home Architect" following the name of his magazine column. His ideas and architectural advice became very popular and his publications inspired owners and helped builders to familiarize themselves with the Modern way of living and building. Rosenfeld is mainly quoted in reference to the popularization of New Zealand plan books, a kind of publication renowned for containing projects made to fit just about any taste, budget and site. Seen with disdain by some, those books were, nevertheless, the most efficient vehicle for the dissemination of architecture into the everyday life of ordinary Kiwis. In that sense Rosenfeld can be seen as one of the essential contributors to the modern building practice we find in New Zealand, which decisively influences the way Kiwis live today.
The people's choice
Authors: Vale Brenda , Vale Robert
Published: March 2021

Reported in 1946, the results of a limited survey of "typical" New Zealanders on the house they preferred from a series of photographs of architect designed houses from Home and Building, scored as top Bernard Johns' own house in Lowry Bay (Stewart "The man in the street chooses a home" pp 24-32). During the war in the UK, and especially towards the end, there were a number of surveys canvassing opinions on the house people wanted after the war. These suggested a high proportion in favour of the conventional house in its garden. This paper explores the difference between the surveys in the UK, with their emphasis on the type of house and its facilities, and the New Zealand example where, because the majority of dwellings already satisfied the need for the house in the garden, what the architecture of the house looked like might be more important. The comparison reveals that the garden and open space are more important than the architecture of the house.
The Auckland School of Music, Post-Modernism & Nervous Laughter
Authors: Linzey Kate
Published: March 2021

In 1984, the book-of-the-television-show The Elegant Shed was released by Otago University Press, and subsequently reviewed by Libby Farrelly in New Zealand Architect (1985) 2:39-40. Declaring the cover "wholly seductive ... glutinous sensuality," but its contents only "occasionally brilliant," Farrelly asks a lot of a not very big volume: to be "a definitive treatise on New Zealand's architecture." Though concluding that such a demand was "unsupporting" Farrelly's persistent fear is that David Mitchell and Gillian Chaplin lacked a "valiant idea." The review included the plan of Hill, Manning, Mitchell Architects' design for the Auckland School of Music. Citing Mitchell's comment in The Elegant Shed that "there was no logical connection between the side of a grand piano and the shape of a noise deflecting wall," Farrelly warns that such arbitrary aesthetics condemns architecture to mere "applique." Though "applique" is not, strictly speaking, collage, patching together is an apt description of the design process evident in the Music School plan. In their description of the design Hill, Manning, Mitchell Architects tauntingly declared that the project contains elements of "Baroque, Spanish Mission and Post-Modern" architecture (New Zealand Architect (1981) 5/6:1-3), and suggested that their transition from being "straight-line modernists" to "sensuous and baroque... [is] not unexpected in middle age." This paper will discuss Manning & Mitchell's design of the Auckland Music School in the context of their own writings and seminal international texts on the post-modern architecture, Learning From Las Vegas (1972) and Complexity and Contradiction (1966) by Robert Venturi et al. and Colin Rowe's Collage City (1978). I will argue that the hardest thing for architecture to bear/bare, especially New Zealand architecture, is a sense of humour.
"We don't have time for that carry-on anymore" – Protest and the construction of space at Waitangi in the 1980s
Authors: Schmidt Tyson
Published: March 2021

The 6th of February is New Zealand's annual day of cultural performance par excellence. It is not a rememberance and reflection of what is undoubtedly this country's most important historical moment, but instead an enactment of contemporary understandings of the Treaty of Waitangi by both Māori and the Crown. Architecturally this performance is played out at, and between, Te Tii marae and the Treaty grounds at Waitangi. The partnership between Māori and the Crown is spatially expressed each year by symbolically important rituals being conducted and protocols observed at each specific site. People gather, welcomes occur, addresses are given, entertainment provided, bridges crossed, debates take place, demands are made, and protests held. The actions of the various parties are frequently beamed into households by the television networks and reported in the national newspapers, leading to a national construction of space that represents current perceptions of cultural and race relations. The 1980s saw a significant shift in the construction of Waitangi as space. Following the rise of the land rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s, Māori activists focussed their efforts on Waitangi and Waitangi Day more than ever before. The government responded by denying access to the Treaty grounds, then retreating from Waitangi celebrations, and then eventually returning by the end of the decade. Waitangi as space became a pawn in a political contest, and its place in the national psyche moved with each action and counter-action.
The House that Engst Built
Authors: Dangerfield Alison
Published: March 2021

The German Moravian missionaries made a concerted foray into New Zealand in the nineteenth century. They travelled through the mainland and then went directly out to the Chatham Islands. One of the four to arrive there in 1843 was responsible for the only remaining architectural link with their mission. The German Mission House was designed by this missionary, Engst, who was committed to the idea of self reliance. He built it of locally quarried stone and several species of timber found locally, as well as kauri brought from the mainland. It was constructed in the 1860s - a functional, straightforward building, fit for its purpose. 150 years later, the German Mission House still stands facing the bleak northern coastline under the looming outcrop of Maunganui, visited regularly. It has been a home and trading post, and until a few years ago was inhabited. However in recent years it has been in danger of collapse. In early 2010, urgent conservation work was undertaken through the collaboration of many heritage professionals, going beyond the call, and interested locals, all urgently working to prevent its deterioration and collapse. The story of its conservation is one of efforts against the rugged climate.
A Rose between Two Thorns; Tringham, Chatfield and Toxward, 1865 to 1870
Authors: Humphris Adrian , Mew Geoff
Published: March 2021

Charles Tringham, William Chatfield and Christian Julius Toxward are all alleged to have started practices in Wellington in the mid-1860s. Numerous tenders for building work by Tringham and Toxward can be found in newspapers at the time, but tenders by Chatfield do not appear until 1875. There also appears to have been little other competition at the time. Tringham came to New Zealand from England as a carpenter, progressed to being a builder, and was calling himself an architect by 1867. From then until the end of 1869 he tendered in Wellington newspapers for at least 48 buildings. Toxward, a Dane, spent several years as a draftsman in Victoria, Australia, then traveled extensively in Europe. He came to New Zealand by 1862, working in Dunedin and Invercargill before establishing a private practice in Wellington in 1866. By the end of 1869 his tender notices in Wellington newspapers totaled 25. Tringham and Toxward appear to have had quite different approaches in establishing their Wellington practices. Tringham, the younger man at 26, concentrated on designing houses and shops combined with dwellings; he only tendered for four non-residential buildings in the 1860s. Toxward, aged 35 and a prominent Mason, seems to have concentrated on contracts for more substantial buildings such as schools, churches, stores such as Kirkcaldie & Stains and works for the Provincial Government. He only appears to have designed three houses during this period. Chatfield arrived in 1867 and his obituary claims that he ran a practice from then until 1872 when he joined the Wellington Provincial Government as a draftsman. The lack of tenders in the papers suggests either he had limited success or his work was organised through other means, such as word of mouth. Once his architectural practice was established, his early career (40 buildings in four years) closely paralleled that of Tringham. All three, with the later addition of Thomas Turnbull, dominated the Wellington architectural scene through to the early 1890s. To place their output in context we discuss other architects who appear in Wellington in the late 1860s, and the building profession during this time.
Spectacle and "Shedifice": Wellington's Ambiguous Role in the Reception of the Duke of Edinburgh
Authors: McDonald Chris
Published: March 2021

New Zealand's first royal tour occurred in 1869 just four years after Wellington became the seat of the colonial government. The Duke of Edinburgh's short visit left no permanent physical impression on the new capital other than the four trees he planted in the garden of Government House (now Parliament Grounds). Nevertheless, the Duke's reception was an overtly Imperial occasion which highlighted the colonial character of Wellington's incipient ceremonial spaces. In developing this argument, the paper shows how the Australasian colonies adopted a highly standardised format for their reception of royal visitors. Indeed, it will be shown that the first royal visits to Australia and New Zealand were the region's first pan-colonial event. At the same time, the Duke's reception in New Zealand, revealed much about the young colony's still-fluid political geography. In particular, the tour drew attention to the weak and unstable nature of many public institutions. Amid intense inter-provincial rivalry of the 1860s, the royal visit also highlighted the ambiguous relationship between New Zealand's new capital and the colony's other centres of European population. Wellington's response to the royal visit differed little from those of Christchurch and Dunedin, indeed the capital was upstaged by the younger and wealthier settlements in the South Island. Meanwhile, Auckland retained many of the attributes of a colonial capital. One British commentator went so far as to suggest that Wellington was not a "real" capital, in the manner of Melbourne or Sydney. The paper examines this proposition, and draws conclusions about Wellington's true status in the colony at the close of the decade.
Art-Directed Composition in Dynamic Real Scenes
Authors:   , Petikam Lohit
Published: March 2021

Art direction is crucial for films and games to maintain a cohesive visual style. This involves carefully controlling visual elements like lighting and colour to unify the director's vision of a story. With today's computer graphics (CG) technology 3D animated films and games have become increasingly photorealistic. Unfortunately, art direction using CG tools remains laborious. Since realistic lighting can go against artistic intentions, art direction is almost impossible to preserve in real-time and interactive applications. New live applications like augmented and mixed reality (AR and MR) now demand automatically art-directed compositing in unpredictably changing real-world lighting.

This thesis addresses the problem of dynamically art-directed 3D composition into real scenes. Realism is a basic component of art direction, so we begin by optimising scene geometry capture in realistic composites. We find low perceptual thresholds to retain perceived seamlessness with respect to optimised real-scene fidelity. We then propose new techniques for automatically preserving art-directed appearance and shading for virtual 3D characters. Our methods allow artists to specify their intended appearance for different lighting conditions. Unlike with previous work, artists can direct and animate stylistic edits to automatically adapt to changing real-world environments. We achieve this with a new framework for look development and art direction using a novel latent space of varied lighting conditions. For more dynamic stylised lighting, we also propose a new framework for art-directing stylised shadows using novel parametric shadow editing primitives. This is a first approach that preserves art direction and stylisation under varied lighting in AR/MR.
Art-Directed Composition in Dynamic Real Scenes
Authors: Petikam Lohit
Published: March 2021

Art direction is crucial for films and games to maintain a cohesive visual style. This involves carefully controlling visual elements like lighting and colour to unify the director's vision of a story. With today's computer graphics (CG) technology 3D animated films and games have become increasingly photorealistic. Unfortunately, art direction using CG tools remains laborious. Since realistic lighting can go against artistic intentions, art direction is almost impossible to preserve in real-time and interactive applications. New live applications like augmented and mixed reality (AR and MR) now demand automatically art-directed compositing in unpredictably changing real-world lighting.

This thesis addresses the problem of dynamically art-directed 3D composition into real scenes. Realism is a basic component of art direction, so we begin by optimising scene geometry capture in realistic composites. We find low perceptual thresholds to retain perceived seamlessness with respect to optimised real-scene fidelity. We then propose new techniques for automatically preserving art-directed appearance and shading for virtual 3D characters. Our methods allow artists to specify their intended appearance for different lighting conditions. Unlike with previous work, artists can direct and animate stylistic edits to automatically adapt to changing real-world environments. We achieve this with a new framework for look development and art direction using a novel latent space of varied lighting conditions. For more dynamic stylised lighting, we also propose a new framework for art-directing stylised shadows using novel parametric shadow editing primitives. This is a first approach that preserves art direction and stylisation under varied lighting in AR/MR.
Essays on Foreign Direct Investment, International Trade, and Inequality
Authors:   , Ngo Minh Nam
Published: March 2021

This thesis consists of three empirical essays on the impact on inequality of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade, and technological progress that comes with them. The first essay examines whether FDI contributes towards income convergence of the host country, drawing evidence from provincial data in Vietnam. Using the spatial econometrics approach and an exogenous set of distance-based weights to characterize spatial dependences, we identify the substantial role of both spatial interactions and FDI spillovers in bringing provinces closer together in terms of income level. We show that high-tech FDI and industry FDI agglomerations contribute significantly more towards the convergence process than low-tech FDI and agglomerations formed by FDI firms coming from the same country. A similar pattern also emerges when we consider consumption convergence. The second essay studies the impact of local labour demand shocks from FDI firms on wage distribution, using microdata from the Vietnam Household Labour Force Survey. We use Bartik shift-share instrument based on the interaction between predetermined local employment structure and time-varying nationwide employment to deal with the endogeneity between local wage level and multinational firms’ locational decisions. Overall, we find that surges in foreign hiring increase average local wage, but the benefits are considerably higher for workers who work in lower-skilled occupations or have lower educational attainments. Given the prevailing skill and education wage premium, this heterogeneous effect provides evidence that the presence of FDI firms can reduce wage inequality. The third essay analyzes the association between income inequality, dependence on the manufacturing sector, and the availability of vocational education as an alternative track to general tertiary education. We find that in countries where tertiary and vocational are the two main available pathways for students to pursue, as economic recovery, trade, and automation increases the value-added of the manufacturing sector but decreases the number of manufacturing jobs, improving access to vocational education is associated with a larger decline in inequality compared to tertiary education. Therefore, in the long run, limited public resources should be directed towards vocational education in order to smooth out adjustment to trade and skilled-biased technological change. A case study comparing the United States and Germany in terms of their recovery paths from the Global Financial Crisis provide further evidence for our claims.
Essays on Foreign Direct Investment, International Trade, and Inequality
Authors: Ngo Minh Nam
Published: March 2021

This thesis consists of three empirical essays on the impact on inequality of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade, and technological progress that comes with them. The first essay examines whether FDI contributes towards income convergence of the host country, drawing evidence from provincial data in Vietnam. Using the spatial econometrics approach and an exogenous set of distance-based weights to characterize spatial dependences, we identify the substantial role of both spatial interactions and FDI spillovers in bringing provinces closer together in terms of income level. We show that high-tech FDI and industry FDI agglomerations contribute significantly more towards the convergence process than low-tech FDI and agglomerations formed by FDI firms coming from the same country. A similar pattern also emerges when we consider consumption convergence. The second essay studies the impact of local labour demand shocks from FDI firms on wage distribution, using microdata from the Vietnam Household Labour Force Survey. We use Bartik shift-share instrument based on the interaction between predetermined local employment structure and time-varying nationwide employment to deal with the endogeneity between local wage level and multinational firms’ locational decisions. Overall, we find that surges in foreign hiring increase average local wage, but the benefits are considerably higher for workers who work in lower-skilled occupations or have lower educational attainments. Given the prevailing skill and education wage premium, this heterogeneous effect provides evidence that the presence of FDI firms can reduce wage inequality. The third essay analyzes the association between income inequality, dependence on the manufacturing sector, and the availability of vocational education as an alternative track to general tertiary education. We find that in countries where tertiary and vocational are the two main available pathways for students to pursue, as economic recovery, trade, and automation increases the value-added of the manufacturing sector but decreases the number of manufacturing jobs, improving access to vocational education is associated with a larger decline in inequality compared to tertiary education. Therefore, in the long run, limited public resources should be directed towards vocational education in order to smooth out adjustment to trade and skilled-biased technological change. A case study comparing the United States and Germany in terms of their recovery paths from the Global Financial Crisis provide further evidence for our claims.
"Healthy Eating - Healthy Action": evaluating New Zealand's obesity prevention strategy
Authors: McLean R , Hoek J , Buckley Susan , Croxson B , Cumming Jacqueline , Ehau T , Faasalele Tanuvasa Ausaga , Johnstone M , Mann J , Schofield G
Published: March 2021

Background. New Zealand rates of obesity and overweight have increased since the 1980s, particularly among indigenous Mori people, Pacific people and those living in areas of high deprivation. New Zealand's response to the obesity epidemic has been The Healthy Eating-Healthy Action: Oranga Kai - Oranga Pumau (HEHA) Strategy ('the Strategy'), launched in 2003. Because the HEHA Strategy explicitly recognises the importance of evaluation and the need to create an evidence base to support future initiatives, the Ministry of Health has commissioned a Consortium of researchers to evaluate the Strategy as a whole. Methods. This paper discusses the Consortium's approach to evaluating the HEHA Strategy. It includes an outline of the conceptual framework underpinning the evaluation, and describes the critical components of the evaluation which are: judging to what extent stakeholders were engaged in the process of the strategy implementation and to what extent their feedback was incorporated in to future iterations of the Strategy (continuous improvement), to what extent the programmes, policies, and initiatives implemented span the target populations and priority areas, whether there have been any population changes in nutrition and/or physical activity outcomes or behaviours relating to those outcomes, and to what extent HEHA Strategy and spending can be considered value for money. Discussion. This paper outlines our approach to evaluating a complex national health promotion strategy. Not only does the Evaluation have the potential to identify interventions that could be adopted internationally, but also the development of the Evaluation design can inform other complex evaluations. © 2009 McLean et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Priority setting meets multiple streams: A match to be further examined?: Comment on “Introducing new priority setting and resource allocation processes in a Canadian healthcare organization: A case study analysis informed by multiple streams theory”
Authors: Cumming Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

© 2016 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. With demand for health services continuing to grow as populations age and new technologies emerge to meet health needs, healthcare policy-makers are under constant pressure to set priorities, ie, to make choices about the health services that can and cannot be funded within available resources. In a recent paper, Smith et al apply an influential policy studies framework - Kingdon’s multiple streams approach (MSA) - to explore the factors that explain why one health service delivery organization adopted a formal priority setting framework (in the form of programme budgeting and marginal analysis [PBMA]) to assist it in making priority setting decisions. MSA is a theory of agenda-setting, ie, how it is that different issues do or do not reach a decision-making point. In this paper, I reflect on the use of the MSA framework to explore priority setting processes and how the framework might be applied to similar cases in future.
Implementing pay-for-performance in primary health care: the role of institutional entrepreneurs
Authors: Smith Verna , Cumming Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

© 2017 The Author(s). Institutional entrepreneurs are vital for facilitating non-incremental health policy change in complex institutional settings where established traditions and practices carry considerable weight. This paper describes a comparative case study of health policymaking which shows that Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework for non-incremental policy change requires enhancement to explain results in policy-making in two Westminster unitary majoritarian jurisdictions. The most similar systems comparative study found that historical, rational choice, organisational and discursive institutionalist approaches explained the policy change and variation observed better than agency-based approaches did. However, institutional entrepreneurs were important in both cases. Differences in coordinative discourse help to explain the differences in degree of change achieved in each case study and highlight the importance of discursive institutionalist approaches in bridging institutional and agency-based approaches.
Prescription charge increases in New Zealand penalise the poor and sick
Authors: Norris P , Horsburgh S , Cumming Jacqueline , Tordoff J
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Equity in statin use in New Zealand
Authors: Norris P , Horsburgh S , Becket G , Keown S , Arroll B , Lovelock K , Crampton P , Cumming Jacqueline , Herbison P
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: Preventive medications such as statins are used to reduce cardiovascular risk. There is some evidence to suggest that people of lower socioeconomic position are less likely to be prescribed statins. In New Zealand, Maori have higher rates of cardiovascular disease. AIM: This study aimed to investigate statin utilisation by socioeconomic position and ethnicity in a region of New Zealand. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected on all prescriptions dispensed from all pharmacies in one city during 2005/6. Linkage with national datasets provided information on patients' age, gender and ethnicity. Socioeconomic position was identified using the New Zealand Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation 2006. RESULTS: Statin use increased with age until around 75 years. Below age 65 years, those in the most deprived socioeconomic areas were most likely to receive statins. In the 55-64 age group, 22.3% of the most deprived population received a statin prescription (compared with 17.5% of the mid and 18.6% of the least deprived group). At ages up to 75 years, use was higher amongst Maori than non-Maori, particularly in middle age, where Maori have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In the 45-54 age group, 11.6% of Maori received a statin prescription, compared with 8.7% of non-Maori. DISCUSSION: Statin use approximately matched the pattern of need, in contrast to other studies which found under-treatment of people of low socioeconomic position. A PHARMAC campaign to increase statin use may have increased use in high-risk groups in New Zealand.
A realist evaluation of local networks designed to achieve more
integrated care
Authors: Rea Harry , Cumming Jacqueline , Pledger Megan , Middleton Lesley
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
A realist evaluation of local networks designed to achieve more integrated care
Authors: Middleton Lesley , Rea H , Pledger Megan , Cumming Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

© 2019 The Author(s). Introduction: Not surprisingly given their multi-component nature, initiatives to improve integrated care often evolve to find the best way to bring about change. This paper provides an example of how an evaluation evolved alongside such an initiative designed to better integrate care across primary, community and hospital services in South Auckland, New Zealand. Theory and methods: Using the explanatory power of a realist evaluative approach, theories of new ways of working that might be prompted by the initiative were explored in: (i) interviews with stakeholders in 2012 and 2015, (ii) online surveys of general practices and local care organisations, and (iii) a purposive sample of ten general practices. Results: The results highlighted the institutional contexts that led to difficulties in implementing population health initiatives. They also revealed that changes in work practices focussed mostly on activities that improved the coordination of care for individuals at risk of hospital admissions. Discussion: Multi-component complex interventions can vary in their delivery and be vulnerable to one or more components not being implemented as originally intended. In the case of this intervention, the move towards strengthening local relationships arose when contractual arrangements stalled. Realist evaluative approaches offer a logic that helps unpick the complexity of the relationships and politics in play, and uncover the assumptions made by those developing, implementing and assessing health service changes. Conclusion: Given the multi-component and evolving nature of initiatives seeking to better integrate care, the realist evaluative emphasis on surfacing early the theories to explain how change is expected to occur helps overcome the challenge of evaluating “a moving targetA..
Contrasting patterns of population structure and demographic history in cryptic species of Bostrychia intricata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from New Zealand
Authors: Muangmai N , Fraser CI , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Muangmai, N., Fraser, C.I., and Zuccarello, G.C. (2015). Contrasting patterns of population structure and demographic history in cryptic species of Bostrychia intricata (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from New Zealand. Journal of Phycology 51, 574–585.], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12305. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3.
Molecular phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae), with the resurrection of Acrocladus Nägeli and Willeella Børgesen, and the description of Lurbica gen. nov. and Pseudorhizoclonium gen. nov.
Authors: Boedeker C , Leliaert F , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Boedeker, C., Leliaert, F., and Zuccarello, G.C. (2016). Molecular phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae), with the resurrection of AcrocladusNägeli andWilleella Børgesen, and the description of Lurbica gen.nov. and Pseudorhizoclonium gen. nov. Journal of Phycology 52, 905-928.], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12457. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3.
The Bostrychia tenella species complex: Morphospecies and genetic cryptic species with resurrection of B. binderi
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe , Muangmai N , Preuss Maren , Sanchez LB , De Göer SL , West JA
Published: March 2021

© 2015 International Phycological Society. The question of whether morphological differences observed in specimens is due to multiple species or one variable species has always caused problems for taxonomists. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the 'Bostrychia tenella species complex' suggested that much of the morphological variation represented a single highly variable entity. We used molecular data from all three genomes to clarify the phylogeny, species status and phylogeography of samples collected worldwide and also in sympatry of this complex. Our data strongly support five genetic species in this complex, but only three morphological entities were recognized. The first, divided into two genetic species, fits characters associated with B. binderi, occasionally possessing short monosiphonous determinate laterals but lacking them most of the time. We therefore resurrect B. binderi, even though we could not assign a name to either of the two genetic species, as we are missing molecular evidence from the type specimen. One genetic species was morphologically recognized as B. montagnei. Another lineage consisted of the two genetic species that fall into a new circumscription of B. tenella, with long monosiphonous determinate laterals. Again we were unable to assign either of these two lineages to a type, nor could we find morphological differences between the two lineages. Many of the genetic species have worldwide distributions, except for B. montagnei, which appears to be restricted to the Americas. Our molecular-assisted taxonomy has helped clarify some of the morphological variation within the B. tenella species complex into three named species, but two cryptic species were still recognized that remain morphologically cryptic.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in 'Phycologia' on 2015-05-01, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.2216/15-005.1.
Differential evolution for filter feature selection based on information theory and feature ranking
Authors: Hancer E , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: March 2021

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Feature selection is an essential step in various tasks, where filter feature selection algorithms are increasingly attractive due to their simplicity and fast speed. A common filter is to use mutual information to estimate the relationships between each feature and the class labels (mutual relevancy), and between each pair of features (mutual redundancy). This strategy has gained popularity resulting a variety of criteria based on mutual information. Other well-known strategies are to order each feature based on the nearest neighbor distance as in ReliefF, and based on the between-class variance and the within-class variance as in Fisher Score. However, each strategy comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper proposes a new filter criterion inspired by the concepts of mutual information, ReliefF and Fisher Score. Instead of using mutual redundancy, the proposed criterion tries to choose the highest ranked features determined by ReliefF and Fisher Score while providing the mutual relevance between features and the class labels. Based on the proposed criterion, two new differential evolution (DE) based filter approaches are developed. While the former uses the proposed criterion as a single objective problem in a weighted manner, the latter considers the proposed criterion in a multi-objective design. Moreover, a well known mutual information feature selection approach (MIFS) based on maximum-relevance and minimum-redundancy is also adopted in single-objective and multi-objective DE algorithms for feature selection. The results show that the proposed criterion outperforms MIFS in both single objective and multi-objective DE frameworks. The results also indicate that considering feature selection as a multi-objective problem can generally provide better performance in terms of the feature subset size and the classification accuracy.

© This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Feature selection to improve generalization of genetic programming for high-dimensional symbolic regression
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Mengjie , Xue Bing
Published: March 2021

When learning from high-dimensional data for symbolic regression (SR), genetic programming (GP) typically could not generalize well. Feature selection, as a data preprocessing method, can potentially contribute not only to improving the efficiency of learning algorithms but also to enhancing the generalization ability. However, in GP for high-dimensional SR, feature selection before learning is seldom considered. In this paper, we propose a new feature selection method based on permutation to select features for high-dimensional SR using GP. A set of experiments has been conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method on the generalization of GP for high-dimensional SR. The regression results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method over the other examined feature selection methods. Further analysis indicates that the models evolved by the proposed method are more likely to contain only the truly relevant features and have better interpretability.

© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Do Female Head Teachers in Punjab, Pakistan, Receive Sufficient Family Support to Balance Domestic and Professional Responsibilities?
Authors: Fayyaz Ahmad Ranjha  , Shaheen Pasha  , Shakeela Shah
Published: March 2021

Working women are contributing on both fronts, both in the domestic setting and in the workplace. These double duties have made their lifestyle and routine hectic. To become successful in the workplace and in the home they need social support from their family. The main objective of this study was to identify the behavior and support that female head teachers receive from their husbands and children to help manage their work life balance efficiently. This study is descriptive in nature. Female head teachers of primary public schools in the district of Lahore were the population of this study. A total of 30 head teachers, in addition to their husbands and one child each, were selected from public primary schools through a convenient sampling technique. Three questionnaires were developed using a five-point likert scale as a research tool. The questionnaires consisted of three sections, the first for the female head teachers, the second for their husbands and third for their children to determine the level of support received by the woman and their feelings towards this. Results of the study showed that government primary school head teachers were not satisfied with the support they were receiving from their husbands, but they are satisfied with their child’s support. To help manage their time efficiently in both work and personal life, women require more support from their husbands to help care for their children and maintain the household.
FROM THE COHORT OF OUTSTANDING SCIENTISTS OF TIMIRYAZEV UNIVERSITY TO THE 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF VSEVOLOD KLECHKOVSKIY
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, TORSHIN S.P. , SMOLINA G.A.
Published: March 2021

The paper shows the significant contribution of Vsevolod Makrichievich Klechkovskiy to the development of agrochemistry and radioecology. V.M. Klechkovskiy worked all his life at the Department of Agrochemistry of Timiryazev Academy as an assistant professor, associate professor, professor, and Head of the Department. His creative activity was associated with two areas of research – agrochemistry and radioecology (the subject area established by him). In 1946, he was appointed Head of the Biophysical Laboratory (BPhL) at the Department of Agrochemistry and made a significant contribution to the development of radioecology as an independent research area. The authors demonstrate that the Biophysical Laboratory laid the foundation for establishing the All-Union Research Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology.
MODIFIED COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF TRANSGENIC TOMATO PLANTS WITH A GLYCINE BETAINE SYNTESIS GENE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, ANTONOV A.A. , BARANOVA E.N. , GULEVICH A.A. , KURENINA L.V. , VANKOVA A.A. , RALDUGIN G.N.
Published: March 2021

The change in the composition of soil microbiota as a result of the cultivation of various crops in agrocenoses is currently of great interest. The authors studied the effect of the root system of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in soil culture on the microbial community in the rhizosphere. The results showed that as a result of the cultivation of transgenic plants with the choline oxidase gene, the microbial community composition in the rhizosphere has changed significantly. A significant increase in the proportion (73%) and species diversity (Shannon index 2.25) of actinobacteria in the soil root zone of tomato transgenic codA plants as compared with control plants (10% and 0.95, respectively) has been revealed. The content of pseudomonads and micromycetes is significantly reduced (25 and 12% in transgenic plants; 70 and 81% in control plants, respectively). Thus, genetically modified plants are able to influence the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere.
DEGREE OF ACIDIFICATION OF RAW FODDER GRAIN DEPENDING ON PRESERVATION CONDITIONS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, ЕMELIYANOVA E.V. , KUCHIN N.N.
Published: March 2021

Fodder grain plays a priority role in ensuring high productivity of farm animals and poultry, revealing their genetic potential. Therefore, it is necessary to use the most advanced methods of grain preservation for the most complete preservation of the original feeding power. Such methods in recent years include the technology of sealed storage of raw fodder grain harvested before the complete maturation phase. Various biological and chemical additives are used to improve the preservation results. The use of such additives (due to the specific features of preserved raw materials) is obligatory. The authors conducted comparative tests of certain types of additives for processing raw fodder grains in the whole and flattened forms to determine the effect of different degree of compaction on the effectiveness of their preserving action. They made an experiment,and the quality of fermentation was determined using generally accepted methods. The raw grain isolated from air access is protected from spoilage due to acidification, so the effectiveness of using preservative additives was primarily determined by the effect on this indicator. The whole grain was put into storage with a higher moisture content (35%) than the flattened one (about 25%),which ensured its significantly better acidification regardless of the degree of compaction. A denser grain storage pattern provided better grain acidification regardless of grain moisture. From tested preparations, the flattened grain was better acidified by powdered sulphur at the medium degree of compaction for storage; the whole grain was better acidified by Biosil NN at the maximum degree of compaction. On average the preparations used in the experiment were arranged in the following sequence (as their influence on the degree of grain acidification weakened): powdered sulphur → biopreparations Biosil NN → chemical preservative Promir.
ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE MUSCLES AND HEPATOPANCREAS OF TWO-YEAR-OLD CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FED WITH DIFFERENT RATIONS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, PANOV V.P. , MUSTAEV S.B. , SAFONOV A.V. , SAFONOVA S.S.
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the influence of different feed quality on the chemical composition and features of nutrient accumulation in the somatic muscles and hepatopancreas of two-yearold carp species. Fish were fed using pendulum auto-feeders on demand with K-111 compound feeds (23% protein and 3.5% fat) and Karp 38/12 (38% protein and 12% fat). In variant I, K-111 compound feed was used (in both car feeders), in variant II – Karp-38/12 (in both car feeders), in variant III–K-111 and Karp-38/12 (in different car feeders). The bionic method allows identifying the preference of fish for a particular type of feed. Regardless of the diets used, the water content in organs and tissues decreases during the growing of two-year-old carp species, which is primarily due to the accumulation of fat. To a lesser extent, this is due to the number of dry fat-free substance.
EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF FEEDING BROILER CHICKENS OF THE ARBOR ACRES CROSS IN HOT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHAD
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, LAZKO M.V. , ABDERAKHIM ADAM A.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of evaluating the efficiency of feed rations offered to broilers of the Arbor Acres cross, formed taking into account the climatic, geochemical conditions of Central Africa and its native food flora. The study was conducted on the basis of an experimental farm at the University of N’Djamena, the Republic of Chad. In the experiment, the authors used five formulas of feed rations, which are currently used by farms in the Republic of Chad for growing broiler chickens. They mainly contain locally availble ingredients. To increase the resistance of the poultry organism to unfavorable environmental factors, the chickens of the control and experimental groups were given “TETRACOLIVIT” and “AMIN’TOTAL” vitamins. The efficiency of feed rations was evaluated by determining the age dynamics of live weight, average weekly gains in live weight and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross from 1 to 42 days of life. The formula of feed ration No. 1 proved to be the most effective in terms of the cross productivity.