bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 AND SURFING: PROBLEMS, STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SURFERS
Authors: Lima Guilherme Henrique Vieira , Guimarães Pedro Luiz , Baboghluian Marcelo
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has changed the routine of surfers, professionals and all those involved in surfing. This unusual global crisis has caused major organizational, financial and social disruption for surfers, coaches, federations and fans. The world of sports, including surfing, entered extreme and uncharted territory, in which all competitions were postponed and many beaches were closed, preventing any kind of surfing activity. The primary objective of this article is to identify potential harmful effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of surfers, while the secondary objective is to provide practical recommendations for coaches, professional and amateur surfers to reduce the undesirable consequences of forced quarantine and direct the resumption of surfing activities while protecting the health of those involved. The main problems indicated were: the effects on body composition due to calorie imbalance, possible cardiac and pulmonary alterations caused by COVID-19, musculoskeletal symptoms and the consequences of detraining. The article also suggests recommendations for new attitudes towards surfing. Surfing is a growing sport that has been included in the upcoming Olympic Games in Tokyo. As the sport grows and becomes more professional, measures to protect the health of surfers need to be put in place. The current pandemic situation is extremely delicate and the measures proposed in this study are intended to serve as a guide for surfers and professionals in order to minimize the harmful effects of this situation. Level of Evidence IV; Type of Study: Literature review.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, EATING HABITS AND SLEEP DURING SOCIAL ISOLATION: FROM YOUNG ADULT TO ELDERLY
Authors: Brito Lilian Messias Sampaio , Lima Valderi Abreu de , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo , Mota Jorge , Leite Neiva
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction Social isolation is one of the strategies used to prevent the contagion and transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19), but it impacts on the daily routines and lifestyle of the population. Objective Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical activity, sleep and eating habits of adults and the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study with a sample comprising 135 participants, divided by age group. First, the whole group was divided into age groups with a 10-year cut-off. They were then characterized by sex, type of home, eating habits, sleep, and physical activity. For the second analysis, the participants were organized into three groups: young adults (18-40 years), middle-aged adults (41-60 years) and elderly (>60 years). An online questionnaire was sent to all the participants, with 26 questions focusing on eating habits, sleep, protective behaviors against COVID-19, and physical activity. Results The participants were mainly women (85.9%), external community (71.1%), students’ families (17.1%), teachers and staff (11.8%). Of the total participants, 40% were dedicated to home care activities and 21.1% had started working from home. The remainder (38.9%) were engaged in activities such as studying or caring for dependents. The younger age group (18-40 years old) reported spending more time in sedentary activities during the day, and 34.2% did not perform physical activity and ate lower quality food during social isolation (p<0.01). All groups, with the exception of the 30-40 age group (p <0.01) highlighted the importance of having the presence of a teacher responsible for guiding physical activities during isolation. Conclusion We conclude that, social isolation has more negative impact on the habits of the younger group. Cross-sectional study.
Population genetics of three threatened catfish species in heterogeneous environments of the Cauca River, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Escobar Natalia , Yepes-Acevedo Anny Johanna , Márquez Edna Judith
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Neotropical catfishes Ageneiosus pardalis, Pimelodus grosskopfii and Sorubim cuspicaudus are migratory fishes of commercial importance that exhibit decreasing populations due to overfishing and other anthropic interventions. This study used species-specific microsatellite loci to test the hypothesis that threatened fish populations show genetic vulnerability signs and are genetically structured in the middle and lower sections of the Cauca River. The studied species exhibit genetic diversity levels higher than the average values reported for Neotropical Siluriformes; however, they seem to have suffered recent bottlenecks and they present significant endogamy levels that are higher for the critically endangered catfish P. grosskopfii. Furthermore, both Ageneiosus pardalis and S. cuspicaudus are each formed by one genetic group, while Pimelodus grosskopfii comprises two coexisting genetic groups. The information obtained in this study is useful for the decision making in management plans that are appropriate for the sustainability of these three species populations within the proposal for the expansion of the hydroelectric development and other anthropic activities.
In vitro culture of sempre-vivas species (Comanthera): a review
Authors: Lima Andressa Priscila Piancó Santos , Brito Alone Lima , Santana José Raniere Ferreira de
Published: March 2021

Abstract The term “sempre-viva” denotes plants whose structures retain their natural form and color after being cut and dried. For these reasons, they are commercially valuable for ornamental purposes. However, due to extractive overexploitation of their inflorescences, some of these species are considered endangered. The genus Comanthera includes the sempre-vivas species with greatest economic importance in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that tissue culture is a workable strategy for in vitro propagation and conservation of species of this genus. However, these studies are still incipient. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the findings on the in vitro cultivation of species of the Comanthera genus, to serve as the basis for future research. The text is structured in two main topics: micropropagation and in vitro conservation.
Structure and genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) and implications for Brazilian Amazon conservation
Authors: Dardengo Juliana de Freitas Encinas , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Oliveira Luiz Orlando de , Pena Guilherme Ferreira , Rivas Luiz Henrique , Silva Carolina Joana da , Rufatto Fernanda Pavese
Published: March 2021

Abstract The genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum is important because its use in breeding programs, once the species is closely related to species of great economic value such as Theobroma cacao (cocoa) and Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu). Thus, the objective of this work is to characterize the intra and interpopulational genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum in natural populations in the Brazilian Amazon. Ninety individuals of T. speciosum from four populations localized in different states of legal Amazon were selected and genotyped. The data were obtained by fluorescence microsatellite analysis and the number of alleles, number of private alleles, fixation index, observed and expected heterozygosity were analyzed. Bayesian analysis, AMOVA and PCOa were used to reveal the molecular genetic structure of the populations, using the programs Structure and GenAIEx 6.5, respectively. All populations studied present great levels of gene diversity, although, there was a greater similarity among the AUR, API and MAC populations, while RBC population presented higher heterozygosity and less inbreeding than the others, becoming a possible refuge area in the Amazon, and the most important population for T. speciosum conservation.
Indirect establishment increases the chances of in vitro propagation of mosses occurring in the Cerrado - a new method
Authors: Pereira Carla Gomes , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Pereira Luiz Alfredo Rodrigues , Silveira Conceição Eneida Santos
Published: March 2021

Abstract The use of micropropagation techniques is crucial for the conservation of endangered moss species and their reestablishment in nature. This study aimed to establish in vitro cultures of gametophyte fragments of ten species of Cerrado mosses. After disinfestation with alcohol and commercial bleach, moss explants were grown in Petri dishes containing Knop medium. The species Bryum argenteum, B. coronatum, Isopterygium tenerifolium, Leucobryum crispum, Pogonatum pensilvanicum, and Vitalia cuspidifera were successively established with efficiency rate ranging from 1 to 31.2%. However, no aseptic cultures were obtained for the species Barbula indica, Bryum densifolium, Fissidens flaccidus, and Sphagnum platyphylloides. Even though, a few contaminated explants of these species were able to develop and grow. Thus, all ten species were submitted to rescue techniques to establish cultures in aseptic conditions, from partially contaminated explants (indirect establishment). Consequently, the indirect establishment resulted in higher percentages of explant development, which enhanced the establishment of in vitro cultures for most of the species tested. This fact is especially important for conservation purposes, mainly for species whose material is sensitive or scarce. Therefore, indirect establishment as a new in vitro culture methodology was a viable form of propagating the bryophyte species listed in this research. This fact is essential for conservation purpose, especially for species whose material is sensitive or scarcer.
From cyclic sand ratcheting to tilt accumulation of offshore monopiles: 3D FE modelling using SANISAND-MS
Authors: Liu Haoyuan , Kementzetzidis Evangelos , Abell José Antonio , Pisanò Federico
Published: March 2021

Serviceability criteria for offshore monopiles include the estimation of long-term, permanent tilt under repeated operational loads. In the lack of well-established analysis methods, experimental and numerical research has been carried out in the last decade to support the fundamental understanding of monopile–soil interaction mechanisms, and the conception of engineering methods for monopile tilt predictions. With a focus on the case of monopiles in sand, this work shows how step-by-step/implicit, three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) modelling can be fruitfully applied to the analysis of cyclic monopile–soil interaction and related soil deformation mechanisms. To achieve adequate simulation of cyclic sand ratcheting and densification around the pile, the recently proposed SANISAND-MS model is adopted. The link between local soil behaviour and global monopile response to cyclic loading is discussed through detailed analysis of model prediction. Overall, the results of numerical parametric studies confirm that the proposed 3D FE modelling framework can reproduce relevant experimental evidence about monopile–soil interaction, and support future improvement of engineering design methods.
Tamsayılarla Temel İşlemlerin Sayı Doğrusu ve Sayma Pulları ile Yapılışı
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ercan
Published: March 2021

Öğrenciler tamsayılar ve tamsayılarla işlemler yapma konusunda çeşitli öğrenme güçlükleri yaşamaktadırlar. Bu zorlukların üstesinden gelebilmek için alanyazında tamsayılar konusunun öğretiminde çeşitli bağlamların, yöntemlerin veya modellerin kullanılması tavsiye edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada tamsayılarla toplama, çıkarma, çarpma ve bölme işlemlerinin sayma pulları ve sayı doğrusu modelleri ile yapılışı açıklanmıştır. Tamsayılarla bölme işlemlerinin yapılışında sayı doğrusu kullanımının; negatif bir tamsayı ile pozitif bir tamsayının çarpılması ve pozitif bir tamsayının negatif bir tamsayıya bölünmesi işlemlerinde sayma pullarının kullanılmasının zor ve karmaşık olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple tamsayılarla çarpma işlemlerinde kullanılabilecek “örüntü arama” ve bölme işlemlerinde kullanılabilecek “çarpma işlemi ile ilişkilendirme” stratejilerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın tamsayılarla temel işlemlerin sayı doğrusu ve sayma pulları modelleriyle yapılışı hakkında öğrencilere ve matematik öğretmeni adaylarına önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
[RETRACTED] Multiplexed scNOMe-seq protocol based on isolated single nuclei v1
Authors: Pott Sebastian
Published: March 2021

[RETRACTED]

What follows is the protocol for performing single-cell Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome sequencing on single nuclei (scNOMe-seq). This plate-based method, which can be used to simultaneously assess nucleosome occupancy and DNA methylation in single nuclei, draws upon the approach laid out in Luo et al., 2018. Everything from the initial nuclei sorting step to the final library preparation that directly precedes sequencing is included in this protocol. This protocol is optimized for non-neuronal nuclei and can be applied to a range of different cell types (e.g., intestinal organoid, fibroblasts). This is the method we are using and it is working. Adapted from "Robust single-cell DNA methylome profiling with snmC-seq2," by C. Luo et al., 2018, Nature Communications 9(1), pp. 1-6. Copyright 2018 by the authors.
Probiotic research protocol v1
Authors: Abdus Salam Mohammad , Indra Paul Sulav
Published: March 2021

Gut probiotic improves growth and health of B. gonionotus fishes
Clinico-etiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial keratitis in the era of automated platforms
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, SGRRIHMS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Rohilla Dr. Ranjana , Mohanty Dr. Aroop ,   Assistant Professor, Department Of Microbiology, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Meena Dr. Suneeta ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS New Delhi, New Delhi, India, Kaistha Dr. Neelam ,   Professor, Department Of Microbiology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, Indi, Gupta Dr. Pratima ,   Professor, Department Of Microbiology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Published: March 2021

Background: Microbial keratitis is one of the most significant causes of blindness in our country.Knowledge regarding the aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a specific region is crucial forthe ideal management of these infections. Materials and Methods: A prospective study wherecorneal scrapings from 161 suspected cases of microbial keratitis were collected and were subjectedto direct microscopy by gram stain and bacterial culture and identification as well as antibioticsensitivity testing. Results: A total of 57 samples turned out to be positive out of the total 161 andwere shared equally by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All these culture-positivebacteria were also identified by MALDI TOF-MS and were speciated. Few rare organisms which couldnot be identified by conventional means were also recovered using the same. Most of the gram-positive isolates showed good sensitivity to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin whereas Pseudomonas sppwas found to be resistant to the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: Right knowledge about the localprofile of bacterial causes of keratitis along with its antibiotic resistance pattern will help theclinicians immensely and help them to initiate the correct empirical therapy bases on the smearresults without wasting crucial time.
From Datum to Databases: Digital Humanities, Slavery, and Archival Reparations
Authors: Nowatzki Robert
Published: March 2021

This article examines several projects that apply digital technologies to the study of transatlantic slavery and assesses the potential benefits of these projects while also noting their limitations. It argues that despite the absence of race, and specifically African American history and culture, in much digital humanities scholarship, the study of slavery has been considerably enhanced and transformed by the work of archivists and digital humanities scholars who apply digital technologies to the study and representation of slavery and enslaved people. This subject must continue to be studied so that we understand not only the past but also slavery's impact on the present. Digital technologies such as databases and geographic information system mapping have been useful in helping us understand this chapter of human history more fully and in new ways. Digital applications to archival materials relating to transatlantic slavery not only increase access to these materials for students and researchers, but also offer ways of obtaining new insights into this topic. However, to enhance our understanding of the history of slavery and to be effective agents of progressive social change, such initiatives should be cognizant of how data analysis can be driven by false assumptions of neutrality and can unwittingly contribute to the reification and dehumanization of people of African descent that was characteristic of transatlantic slavery. Digital humanities as a field should both continue such digitizing initiatives and also use digital tools to create critical analyses of oppressive hierarchies to weaken or destroy them.
La construcción de la centralidad geográfica. (Aportaciones de economistas y geógrafos a la Teoría de los lugares centrales)
Authors: López Trigal Lorenzo
Published: March 2021

Este conocimiento teórico ha partido de reflexiones acerca del orden o espacia.rniento ideal —real de los lugares de población, es decir, la organización espacial óptima de la jerarquía de los asentamientos; y asi se ha obtenido el conocimiento teórico y real de la disposición de los centros o "lugares centrales" en cuanto que organizan y centralizan el espacio. Interpreta la teoría, de otra parte, el crecimiento urbano, de amplia diversidad de modelos de urbanización, con interpretaciones desde distintos campos cientificos, en cuanto a que en las ciudades, esencialmente, la estructura funcional o disposición de las actividades económicas incide sobre el crecimiento urbanístico, pues existen unas actividades con efectos más multiplicadores que otras sobre el desarrollo demográfico y la expansión urbana. La diversidad de los centros se haya en relación a las distintas actividades, que tienen una proporción distinta en cada lugar central. Las diferencias existentes en la especialización o bien en la diversidad funcional se manifiestan ya en las estructuras demográficas de las actividades así como en las estructuras socioeconómicas
La estructura unitaria de la Historia de la Filosofía, según Kant
Authors: Lafuente María Isabel
Published: March 2021

A pcsar de que Hegel indica tal vez la cumbre más elevada en el curso de la teoría filosófica de la historia de la filosofa y de que, desde el punto de vista del desarrollo de la disciplina como tal, la Historia critica de Brucker sigue siendo "la obra monumental" del género, la importancia de Kant respecto del desarrollo de esta disciplina ha sido de tal consideración que ha llegado a afirmarse de varias maneras, y por distintos motivos, que en él se marca un giro decisivo
Los sepulcros de la sala capitular del monasterio de San Andrés del Arroyo (Palencia)
Authors: Fernández González Etelvina
Published: March 2021

El monasterio de San Andrés del Arroyo, existente ya en 1181, es un edificio emparentado artísticamente con el de las Huelgas de Burgos, y sirvió desde su origen como casa a una comunidad cisterciense femenina. De su fábrica primitiva conserva en la actualidad, la iglesia, el claustro y la sala capitular, recinto este último, que alberga los sepulcros que serán objeto de nuestro estudio. Uno de ellos pertenece a la abadesa fundadora y el otro, según la tradición, a una sobrina y sucesora suya.
La determinación del nombre en las lenguas clásicas y modernas
Authors: Pérez González Maurilio
Published: March 2021

A nivel pedagógico, una de las cuestiones que más llama la atención es la tradicional exposición de la existencia de cinco declinaciones en latín, de tres en griego. Tal exposición atiende a la diversidad en los temas, cuestión secundaria desde un punto de vista morfológico, haciendo caso omiso de las semejanzas en los morfemas desinenciales. Para el latín, ya A. Ernout observa que es suficiente con hablar de dos declinaciones. Pero incluso es sumamente probable que, aplicando una metodología diacrónica, se pueda concluir una reducción aún mayor que la de A. Ernout. Claro que, en tal supuesto, se plantean problemas fonéticos, morfológicos, sintácticos o semánticos que previamente deben ser resueltos. Uno de ellos, no el único, pero si quizás el más complejo, es el de las supuestas divergencias existentes en el genitivo singular(2). Su solución supone, a la vez, una aclaración de la posible identidad "genitivo = adjetivo", ambos determinantes del nombre. Nuestro propósito radica en aportar posibles luces a esta cuestión, analizando a la vez la situación del determinante del nombre en las lenguas modernas, lo que sin duda ayudará a comprender la situación en las lenguas clásicas
Provincia, colección de poesía
Authors: Martínez García Francisco
Published: March 2021

La "Colección Provincia" de poesía es una de las realidades culturales más gra nadas e importantes de León. Pero no de las más conocidas. El objeto de estas lineas cs dar noticia de esta realidad con unas pinceladas rápidas y concretas. Antonio Gamoneda, poeta de calidades por nadie discutidas, es el creador y animador de esta colección; a él debo (y agradezco) muchos de los datos que aquí aparecen.
On the Traveling Salesman Problem in Nautical Environments: an Evolutionary Computing Approach to Optimization of Tourist Route Paths in Medulin, Croatia
Authors: Baressi Šegota Sandi , Lorencin Ivan , Ohkura Kazuhiro , Car Zlatan
Published: March 2021

The Traveling salesman problem (TSP) defines the problem of finding the optimal path between multiple points, connected by paths of a certain cost. This paper applies that problem formulation in the maritime environment, specifically a path planning problem for a tour boat visiting popular tourist locations in Medulin, Croatia. The problem is solved using two evolutionary computing methods – the genetic algorithm (GA) and the simulated annealing (SA) - and comparing the results (are compared) by an extensive search of the solution space. The results show that evolutionary computing algorithms provide comparable results to an extensive search in a shorter amount of time, with SA providing better results of the two.
Octyl 2-cyanoacrylate versus conventional suturing of port site skin closure in laparoscopic appendicectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Pattanshetti Swapnil Annasaheb , Gogate Abhijit S. , Mahalmani Vidya M. , Rao Kannikanti Nageswara
Published: March 2021

Background: With rapidly developing minimally invasive surgery, the laparoscopic appendectomy has become a preferred method for appendicectomy. Tissue adhesives have become an ideal alternative to conventional sutures and could possibly become the preferred standard of care in many procedures. However, this concept remains unexplored due to scanty data comparing the use of adhesive glues and sutures. The present prospective study was done to compare octyl-2-cyanoacrylate with conventional suturing of port site wound closure in laparoscopic appendicectomy in terms of wound complications, time taken for wound closure and cosmetic outcome.Methods: 60 patients diagnosed to have appendicitis (acute, chronic and recurrent) undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy were divided into two groups (group A-octyl-2-cyanoacrylate) and (group B- conventional sutures) with 30 in each group. Time taken for wound closure, Wound complications and cosmetic outcome were compared in both groups.Results: Patient demographics were comparable in both the groups. The complications were significantly lower in group A compared to group B. Mean surgical time for wound closure in group A was less compared to group B (p<0.001). Wound closure using octyl-2-cyanoacrylate had lower rate of complications compared to conventional suturing but results obtained were not statistically significant. No significant difference in cosmetic outcome was noted in both groups.Conclusions:  Wound closure using octyl-2-cyanoacrylate required significantly less time for skin closure compared to conventional suturing in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy. However, wound complications and cosmetic outcome using octyl-2-cyanoacrylate did not show statistically significant results compared to conventional suture.
Review of Decentralized Finance Applications and Their Total Value Locked
Authors: Stepanova Viktorija , Eriņš Ingars
Published: March 2021

Currently, in the world there is a growing interest in the digital economy including the blockchain technology. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is one of the leading current blockchain technology-related trends. The paper aims to provide an overview of the opportunities, advantages and shortcomings of this technology, as well as to summarize information on 12 most popular DeFi applications, using Total Value Locked indicators for the period of 34 months.
Application of Cognitive Modelling for Operation Improvement of Retail Chain Management System
Authors: Dankeieva Oksana , Solomianiuk Nataliia , Strashynska Larysa , Fiedotova Nataliia , Soloviova Yuliia , Koval Viktor
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to implement cognitive modelling of the retail chain management system to ensure the effectiveness of management decisions in order to implement structural changes in its activities. It is determined that the organization of retail chain management is more effective due to provided principles of a systematic approach which are applied. Therefore, using the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in this study, which reflects the interaction and interdependence of structural units, which is feasible, we propose it to further search for development scenarios for the retail chain management. The article presents a sequence of cognitive modelling, which consists of seven main stages. Drogerie - format management system of retail chains has been chosen since it has recently been standing out by its popularity with consumers among other formats, as an object for the study. The results of this study can be useful for enterprises and organizations with complex systems that are characterized by hierarchical, network relationships between subsystems or where random processes take place.
The Effect of Spike Row Type on the Grain Yield and Grain Filling Parameters in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Semi-arid Conditions
Authors: Bendada H. , Guendouz A. , Benniou R. , Louahdi N.
Published: March 2021

Background: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the more important cultivated crops in the Mediterranean region, where drought and high temperatures during the grain filling stage are the main abiotic stresses limiting its production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the spike type on the grain yield, thousand kernels weight and some grain filling parameters. Methods: The present study was conducted on the experimental site of station ITGC in Setif, Algeria, eight Barley genotypes were tested during two cropping seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Result: The results proved significant effect of genotypes and spike types on the grain filling parameters, but no significant effect of spike type on the thousand kernels weight during the both cropping seasons. In addition, the spike type registered significant effect just during the second cropping season. Among the genotypes with 6 rows spike type the local genotype Fouarra have high grain yield (97.79 Q/ha) with a deviation of 37.57% from the total mean of the genotypes with 6 row spike type. Many studies proved that in 6-row barleys, the magnitude of contribution of grain number in grain yield was higher than contribution of grain weight. The grain growth of genotypes studied follows a sigmoid curve, during the first season (2017-2018) the duration of grain filling ranged between 24 days for Saida 183 and 28 days for Rihane 03, for the group of genotypes with 6 rows. In addition, the duration of grain filling for the 2 row genotypes varied from 24 days for G4 to 28 days for genotype G2. During the second season (2018-2019) and for the genotypes with 6 rows, the duration of the grain filling varied from 21 days for the Saida 183 and 26 days for the genotype Fouarra, for the genotypes with 2 rows the duration of grain filling ranged from 21 days for the genotype G2 to 26 days for the genotype G3. The correlation analysis between the grain filling parameters, GY and TKW demonstrate a significant and positive correlation between TKW and MGW and GFR (r = 0.82* and r = 0.84*, respectively). Overall, the genotype variation in grain filling velocity and duration was responsible for the difference in grain yield and the improvement in grain yield was achieved by the increasing in velocity or duration of grain filling.
Effect of Pads and Thickness of Paddy on Moisture Removal under Sun Drying
Authors: Narmilan A. , Niroash G. , Mowjood M.I.M. , Akram A.T.A.
Published: March 2021

Background: Sun drying is a popular post-harvest operation to maintain rice quality during the storage period. Farmers use different pads and thicknesses for sun drying of paddy in Ampara district, Sri Lanka. A study was conducted to evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of the drying pad and thickness as practiced by local paddy farmers during the sun drying process. Methods: The grain with an initial moisture content of 28% (dry basis) was sun dried with four types of drying pads and five levels of thickness of grain. This experiment was conducted between 8.30 am and 4.30 pm at the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka in August 2020. The moisture contents of the grain were measured at regular time intervals. Result: It was found that the duration of drying of paddy from 28% to 13% moisture content on a dry basis was 300 to 540 minutes depending upon the drying pad and thickness. The tarpaulin is reasonable at shallow thickness with less time to reach the necessary moisture level than other drying pads. Black polythene and fertilizer bag can be utilized for sun drying of paddy at 4 cm thickness with 130 minutes. It was found that with an increase in the thickness of paddy from 0.5 cm to 4 cm, the drying time increases. A statistically significant interaction was obtained between drying pads and thickness level on moisture removal of paddy. Therefore, the moisture removal rate differs with the drying pad and thickness of the paddy under open sun drying.
Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Vermicompost Prepared from Different Types of Organic Wastes using Eisenia fetida
Authors: Kapila Rachna , Verma Geeta , Sen Aparajita , Nigam Arti
Published: March 2021

Background: Vermicomposting is the agricultural technique of conversion of organic wastes to a fertile product, which can result in better crop growth and production. However, even though earthworms are the main organisms participating in the process, the microbes associated with it also have an important role to play. These microbes degrade the waste products biochemically and are responsible of the conversion processes. Few studies are carried out on microbial diversity and related enzymes activities in the vermicompost prepared from different organic waste materials. Methods: In this paper, we isolated both bacteria and fungi from seven different types of vermicompost, using different selective media. We also studied the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with the isolated microbes. Result: It was observed that bacteria like Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Actinomycetes, Pigment producing Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, Azotobactor and fungi like Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus sp., Mucor hiemalis, Myrothecium verrucaria etc. were present in our vermicompost preparations. The presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and PGPR indicated the good fertilizer value of the vermicompost samples. It was also observed that the diversity of microbes present supported significant levels of CMCase Exoglucanase, Xylanase, β-Glucosidase, Phosphatase and Urease activities.
Botanicals as Selective Pesticides for the Integrated Pest Management in Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Lalruatsangi K.
Published: March 2021

The over-dependence on chemical pesticides for the management of insect pest have an adverse effect on the environment and have been a matter of concern, so plant extracts which are also known as green pesticides can be an alternative source of chemical pesticides due to their safety, eco-friendly and many other properties. The current study aimed to study the different botanicals which are effective against some pest of important vegetables. The different types of plant extract used as biocides such as neem, garlic, tobacco, lantana, pongamia, khuksha, ginger and many others are being utilized to control and manage the pest or disease of different plants. The neem extract of different concentrations was found effective in controlling pest of vegetables like brinjal, okra, chilli and cabbage. Botanical like Eupatorium, the mixture of kerosene emulsion and pyrethrum dust, Pongamia extract, Lantana leaf extract, Tobacco extract and Garlic extract, seed extract of Annona squamosa act as a potential insecticide to vegetable pests and play an important role in the Integrated Pest Management for sustainable agriculture.
The Various Methods used for the Clonal Propagation in Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Sharma Kunal , Thapa Tanishka
Published: March 2021

The propagation of plant is required for the purpose of the multiplication of new plants. The producers want desired character of plant and for that purpose they need true to type plants. The true to type plants can’t be produce by the sexual reproduction. The different types of clonal propagation methods can be used for the producing true to type plants Clone means plants which are the exact copy of the individual parents by asexual propagation. Clonal propagation can be used as a method of the production of the genetically identical copies of the individual parent. The clones are required for the purpose of producing identical plants as sexually propagated plants have different variations which can affect the yield, quality and the other characters. To avoid these variations asexual methods are promoted for the propagation of genetically identical new plant such as cutting, layering, tissue culture etc. Many researchers have carried out the work to develop new and different techniques for the sole purpose of clonal propagation of plant.
Influences of 6-furfuryloaminopurine on Peripheral T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Apoptosis of Thymus Lymphocytes of Aging Rats
Authors: Li Meng-yun , liu Luo , Zhang Fu , Zhu Xue-min , Si Li-fang , Li Jian , Li Xiang
Published: March 2021

Background: 6-furfuryloaminopurine (KT) is the first compound to be identified as a cytokinin. Despite that there are many studies related to KT but the mechanism of KT in resisting immunosenescence remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of KT on the immunity of thymus in rats by detecting the apoptosis and the proliferation index (PI). Methods: We firstly established an aging rat model by subcutaneously injecting D- galactose (D-gal, 125mg/kg•BW) in the dorsal neck of Sprague Daly rats (SD rats); then the rats were divided into KT treatment groups (three groups for different doses of KT), aging model group (without KT treatment) and young control group. The rats in KT treatment groups were treated with different-dose KT and the key indices including the changes of the number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, the apoptosis of thymus lymphocytes. Result: KT could increase the number of the peripheral CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of the aging rats while decreased the apoptotic rate of thymocytes and increased PI Index.
Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Tocopherol Supplementation on In vitro Sperm Characters during Cryopreservation of Black Bengal Buck Semen
Authors: Tudu Krushna Chandra , Mandal Ajoy , Mondal Mohan , Das Subrata Kumar , Ghosh Monoj Kumar , Rai Saroj , Bhakat Champak , Karunakaran Muthupalani
Published: March 2021

Background: Black Bengal goat is one of the important goat breeds of India. Cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination are effective techniques for improving goat breeding programs. Various biochemical and functional changes that occur during freezing-thawing process results in poor post thaw sperm recovery. Supplementation of antioxidants to the extender has been reported to have positive effects on semen cryopreservation in various species. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of antioxidants butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), α tocopherol on post thaw in vitro sperm characters, lipid peroxide level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during cryo­preservation of Black Bengal buck semen. Methods: Semen was collected from bucks by artificial vagina, antioxidant BHT was added to the Tris egg yolk extender @ 0, 1 and 2 mM/ml in control group (BHTC), treatment group 1 (BHTT1) and treatment group 2 (BHTT2), respectively. Similarly, tocopherol was added @ 0, 1 and 2 mg/ml in control group (TFC), in treatment group 1 (TFT1) and treatment group 2 (TFT2), respectively. Each antioxidant was tested with 20 semen ejaculates. Semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and post freeze-thaw in vitro sperm characters, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and SOD activity were measured. Result: Post thaw sperm motility, functional membrane integrity and viable count were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the BHT and α tocopherol supplemented groups than control groups. Significantly (P less than 0.05) higher acrosome intact cells were recovered in BHTT1, BHTT2 and TFT2 groups than the control and TFT1 groups. Further, BHT supplemented groups had significantly lower level of MDA than the control, while the supplementation of α tocopherol could not control the generation of MDA. Post thaw SOD activity was found significantly lower in the antioxidant treated groups than their respective controls. It is concluded that supplementation of BHT and α tocopherol were found to be more promising in conserving in vitro sperm characters from cryo-damages during freezing of Black Bengal bucks semen.
Effect of Alternaria sesami on Germination and Seedling Growth of Sesame
Authors: Pravallika P. Lakshmi , Bhattiprolu S.L. , Radhika K. , Raghavendra M.
Published: March 2021

Background: Sesame is an important oil seed crop affected by toxigenic fungal pathogens viz., Alternaria, Fusarium and Aspergillus. Among these, Alternaria sesami is seed borne and most destructive pathogen causing yield loss to an extent of 28.9 per cent. Hence the effect of artificial infection with A. sesami on seed quality of various samples of sesame was investigated during 2017-2018. Methods: A total of 28 samples were collected from different sesame growing areas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and inoculated with A. sesami. The inoculated and uninoculated seeds were tested for germination and seedling growth by rolled paper towel method. Result: Significant differences in seed germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index were observed among the uninoculated as well as inoculated sesame seed samples. The results indicated that Alternaria sesami caused 15.13% to 49.68%, 12.77% to 46.14% and 28.28% to 72.87% reduction in seed germination, seedling length and vigour index, respectively, of inoculated seed over uninoculated seeds. The per cent reduction was highest in the seed samples of YLM-17 collected from farmers’ saved seed samples of Prakasam district.
Effect of Biofertilizer and Mulch on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Singh Talwinder , Raturi Harish Chandra , Uniyal S.P.
Published: March 2021

Background: Pea is a nitrogen-fixing legume. The interest in pea as soil-building crops is increasing day by day as the chemical fertilizers are becoming less available and more expensive. The use of fertilizers is also increasing leading to environmental pollution. The adverse effect of plastic mulch in agriculture is related to handling the plastic wastes and the associated environmental impact. The current study was aimed to search for organic alternatives to fertilizer and plastic mulch in order to overcome the defeatist effects on the environment. Methods: The present investigation entitled “Effect of biofertilizer and mulch on growth, yield, quality and economics of pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was conducted during Rabi season 2017-18 at the Experimental farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of four mulches, M0-No mulch, M1-Paddy straw@5t/ha, M2-Maize stubbles@4t/ha, M3-Sawdust@10t/ha and four Rhizobium doses, B0-No Rhizobium, B1-Rhizobium@20g/kg of seeds, B2-Rhizobium@25g/kg of seeds, B3-Rhizobium@30g/kg of seeds and their combinations. Conclusion: In the individual outcome of Rhizobium and mulch best results were obtained with the application of Rhizobium@30g/kg of seeds and saw dust@10t/ha. In interaction, Rhizobium@30g/kg of seeds and saw dust@10t/ha performed better as compared to other interaction treatments.
Integration of Various Stability Models to Identify High Yielding and Stable Genotypes of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Gaur Amit Kumar , Verma S.K. , Panwar R.K. , Arora Anju
Published: March 2021

Background: Pigeonpea is second most important pulse crop of India after chickpea and it is necessary to identify its high yielding and stable genotypes to feed the increasing population of country. Methods: The present study was laid down in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during kharif season of 2016-2019 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar using twenty genotypes of pigeonpea with an aim to identify the high yielding and stable genotypes. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on mean seed yield and Average of Sum of Ranks (ASR) of all measures (Parametric and non-parametric) was used in present study. Result: The pooled ANOVA revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes, environments and G x E interaction effects. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis indicated the genotypes PA 622 (yield=1774.85 kg/ha, ASR=2.00), PA 620 (yield= 1579.92 kg/ha, ASR=2.18), UPAS 120 (yield=1268.57 kg/ha, ASR=2.87), PA 626 (yield=1571.40 kg/ha, ASR=5.56), PUSA 992 (yield= 1331.17 kg/ha, ASR=5.68) and PA 628 (yield= 1271.50 kg/ha, ASR=7.06) as most stable and high yielding and hence these genotypes can be recommended for pigeonpea improvement programmes.
Dissecting Proteomic Estimates for Enhanced Bioavailable Nutrition during Varied Stages of Germination and Identification of Potential Genotypes in Chickpea
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Misra J.P. , Yadav Ashwani , Kumar Ashwani , Yadav Renu , Hegde V.S. , Kumar Shiv , Yadav Neelam
Published: March 2021

Background: United Nations SDG-2 and SDG-3 pledges to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and reduce premature deaths of children persisting amongst 821 million people globally. Chickpeas, the second largest food legume in the world, are important due to dietary, therapeutic and health values since Roman times and are ideal source of protein, carbohydrate, minerals and β-carotene. Therefore, it is central to alleviate malnutrition and ensuring good health. Methods: We conducted experiments during Rabi crop season 2018-19 and 2019-20 and studied proximate nutritional compositions such as protein, its bioavailability enhancement procedures, optimum sprouting stage and potential genotypes. The present series experiment as 6th one was undertaken to find out the impacts of varying seed seedlings germination stages at 0, 3 and 6 days on observed estimates of protein contents in 12 potential genotypes of chickpea including Pusa-256 as standard (control) check. Result: We noticed erosion of reserved seed nutrients activating seedling growth and enhancing nutritional values, observed protein in the range of 18.96 to 28.69%, discovered 6 days sprouts giving highest digestible protein and identified genotypes BG-1092, ICC-11378, JG-74 as potential resources to be utilized in breeding programmes for harnessing their genetic potentials for enriching protein and other nutritional components.
Huehuetlatolli, Documento A
Authors: Garibay K. Ángel Ma.
Published: March 2021

Transcripción paleográfica del ms. mPM4068.J83 de la Biblioteca Bangroft
A Developmental Framework for Mentorship in SoTL Illustrated by Three Examples of Unseen Opportunities for Mentoring
Authors: Friberg Jennifer C , Frake-Mistak Mandy , Healey Ruth , Sipes Shannon , Mooney Julie , Sanchez Stephanie , Waller Karena
Published: March 2021

Mentoring relationships that form between scholars of teaching and learning occur formally and informally, across varied pathways and programs. In order to better understand such relationships, this paper proposes an adapted version of a three-stage model of mentoring, using three examples of unseen opportunities for mentoring in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) to illustrate how this framework might be operationalized. We discuss how the adapted framework might be useful to SoTL scholars in the future to examine mentorship and how unseen opportunities for mentoring might shape how we consider this subset of mentorship going forward.
The Wicked and the Logical: Facilitating Integrative Learning Among Introductory Computing Students
Authors: Stone Jeffrey , Cruz Laura
Published: March 2021

Higher education has embraced integrative learning as a means of enabling students to tackle so-called “wicked” problems, i.e. problems that are sufficiently complex, contested, and ambiguous that conventional, disciplinary specific approaches are inadequate to address. However, challenges remain in defining integrative learning consistently and effectively, especially because the cognitive processes that make up an integrative learning experience are not understood fully. This mixed-methods study was designed to help understand how students perceive, navigate, and resolve challenges that require them to integrate knowledge of one “wicked” subject (sustainability) with the skills of a practice rooted in mathematical logic (computer programming); how they express their integrative learning through reflective writing; and how we gain a stronger understanding of this process through linguistic analysis. The findings suggest that some students demonstrated the ability to integrate computational reasoning skills into socially relevant contexts more successfully, confidently, and in more well-rounded ways than others, though success required ways of thinking that extended beyond programming. The findings also underscore the potential need for reconceptualizing integrative teaching and learning in fields that have problem-solving traditions rooted in less “wicked” solutions.