bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametrisation and Application of Cube and Eggbox-Type Folded Geometries
Authors: Xie Ruikang , Chen Yan , Gattas Joseph M.
Published: September 2015

There exist several kirigami, or non-developable folded plate patterns that share the most useful properties of the widely-used Miura-ori pattern, namely rigid-foldability, a tessellated unit geometry, and constituent elements composed of a single parallelogram plate. This paper first presents parametrisations of five such patterns, two cube-type and three eggbox-type, consistent with that previously developed for Miura-type patterns. For each pattern, the parametrisation establishes relationships between crease pattern, volumetric, and kinematic parameters. Along with the Miura-type patterns, these geometries form a set termed parallelogram-plate folded geometries and together they suggest a range of interesting structural engineering applications. This paper discusses two applications specifically enabled by the new parametrisations: space frame synthesis and hierarchical sandwich panels.
An Electronic Healthcare Record Server Implemented in PostgreSQL
Authors: Austin Tony , Sun Shanghua , Lim Yin Su , Nguyen David , Lea Nathan , Tapuria Archana , Kalra Dipak
Published: September 2015

This paper describes the implementation of an Electronic Healthcare Record server inside a PostgreSQL relational database without dependency on any further middleware infrastructure. The five‐part international standard for communicating healthcare records (ISO EN 13606) is used as the information basis for the design of the server. We describe some of the features that this standard demands that are provided by the server, and other areas where assumptions about the durability of communications or the presence of middleware lead to a poor fit. Finally, we discuss the use of the server in two real‐world scenarios including a commercial application.
Comparison of Traditional and Open‐Access Appointment Scheduling for Exponentially Distributed Service Time
Authors: Yan Chongjun , Tang Jiafu , Jiang Bowen , Fung Richard Y.K.
Published: September 2015

This paper compares the performance measures of traditional appointment scheduling (AS) with those of an open‐access appointment scheduling (OA‐AS) system with exponentially distributed service time. A queueing model is formulated for the traditional AS system with no‐show probability. The OA‐AS models assume that all patients who call before the session begins will show up for the appointment on time. Two types of OA‐AS systems are considered: with a same‐session policy and with a same‐or‐next‐session policy. Numerical results indicate that the superiority of OA‐AS systems is not as obvious as those under deterministic scenarios. The same‐session system has a threshold of relative waiting cost, after which the traditional system always has higher total costs, and the same‐or‐next‐session system is always preferable, except when the no‐show probability or the weight of patients’ waiting is low. It is concluded that open‐access policies can be viewed as alternative approaches to mitigate the negative effects of no‐show patients.
Ο Θεσμός της Χορηγίας, Αρωγός των Πανεπιστημίων
Authors: Δαυΐδ Γεώργιος Α.
Published: September 2015

Αντιφώνηση Γεωργίου Α. Δαυΐδ στην τελετή αναγόρευσής του σε επίτιμο διδάκτορα του Tμήματος Φιλολογίας της Φιλοσοφικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών.
Fatty acids from diet and microbiota regulate energy metabolism
Authors: Alcock Joe , Lin Henry C.
Published: September 2015

A high-fat diet and elevated levels of free fatty acids are known risk factors for metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and visceral obesity. Although these disease associations are well established, it is unclear how different dietary fats change the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Here, we review emerging evidence that insulin resistance and fat storage are linked to changes in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, in turn, are highly influenced by the composition of fat in the diet. We review findings that certain fats (for example, long-chain saturated fatty acids) are associated with dysbiosis, impairment of intestinal barrier function, and metabolic endotoxemia. In contrast, other fatty acids, including short-chain and certain unsaturated fatty acids, protect against dysbiosis and impairment of barrier function caused by other dietary fats. These fats may promote insulin sensitivity by inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia and dysbiosis-driven inflammation. During dysbiosis, the modulation of metabolism by diet and microbiota may represent an adaptive process that compensates for the increased fuel demands of an activated immune system.
Research on Formation of Kondratiev Cycles in Brazilian Economy
Authors: Шишкин  , Shishkin Andrey
Published: September 2015

The work is focused around the analysis of formation of Kondratiev cycles from1870 to 2008. This research is directed on data acquisition on the possibility of formation of long cycles on the basis of the spectral analysis of deviations from a trend of GDP per-capita time series. The conducted research resulted in notion that fifty-year cycles of Kondratiev had the greatest power during practically all research period. it was Also established that from the middle of the XX century to the 1960s the power of Kondratiev cycleshad increased. The only segment of research time series on which there is no domination of the cycles is 1870–1969. The research can give the chance to compare the tendency of Kondratievcycles to increase in power and formation of technological waves in the economy of Brazil.
Estimation of Economic Efficiency of Educational Activities in Universities
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: September 2015

The work is dedicated to the creation of methods of economic efficiency of the

educational activities of universities and the effectiveness of ongoing training

programs. Marginal analysis allows evaluating the cost-effectiveness of

educational activity of the university departments and assessing the costeffectiveness

of implemented educational programs. The method identifies the

inefficient and unprofitable divisions and programs On the basis of this

assessment, measures need to be taken to reorganize inefficient operating

divisions, to improve or close inefficient and loss-making educational programs.

These measures may double the salaries of university teachers.
Impact of Human Capital, Science and Innovation on Labour Productivity in Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: September 2015

A program and methodology of the empirical study of the effect of human

capital, science and innovation on productivity and economic growth are

exemplified on modern Russian economy. To identify and quantify the impact of

factors related to human capital, innovation, science, labor productivity in the

country and its regions the author proposes to build econometric models using

cross-sectional data of regional statistics. It makes possible to obtain data and

forecast sizes of elasticity of labor productivity on the factors connected with

the human capital, science and innovations, the country and its regions. This

will generate a reasonable economic policy, policy of education and science

aimed at economic growth.
Habits of Virtue: Creating Norms of Cooperation and Defection in the Laboratory
Authors: Peysakhovich Alexander , Rand David G.
Published: September 2015

What explains variability in norms of cooperation across organizations and cultures? One answer comes from the tendency of individuals to internalize typically successful behaviors as norms. Different institutional structures can cause different behavioral norms to be internalized. These norms are then carried over into atypical situations beyond the reach of the institution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such spillovers. First, we immerse subjects in environments that do or do not support cooperation using repeated prisoner’s dilemmas. Afterwards, we measure their intrinsic prosociality in one-shot games. Subjects from environments that support cooperation are more prosocial, more likely to punish selfishness, and more trusting in general. Furthermore, these effects are most pronounced among subjects who use heuristics, suggesting that intuitive processes play a key role in the spillovers we observe. Our findings help to explain variation in one-shot anonymous cooperation, linking this intrinsically motivated prosociality to the externally imposed institutional rules experienced in other settings.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The learning curve of electronic prescribing
Authors: Craxford Simon , Taylor Leia , Duguid Alex , Shivji Faiz , Pickering Simon
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

Medication errors are a potentially avoidable source of harm to patients. The authors' hospital has introduced electronic prescribing in an attempt to reduce these errors. A prospective quality improvement project was performed to assess both the impact of this change on prescribing errors and to see if there was a learning curve associated with prescribers using the new system.

Methods:

A simple prescribing task was created in which study participants were asked to prescribe a set list of medications for a fictional patient. The participants were timed first using paper drug cards, and then using the prescribing function on iSOFT's iClinical Manager. The prescriptions were also assessed for legibility and errors. This was done within 1 week of the participants starting in the department, and then 2 and 4 months later. A total of 25 junior doctors completed the task. No participant had prior experience of electronic prescribing in a clinical setting.

Results:

During week one, the task took a longer average time to complete using electronic prescribing compared to paper (323 seconds vs 290 seconds, P<0.01). After 2 months the mean time to complete the task was shorter with electronic prescribing compared to paper (261 seconds vs 306 seconds, P<0.01). There was therefore a significant mean reduction in the time taken to complete the task using electronic prescribing of 62 seconds (P=0.01). There were fewer illegible entries or drug errors using electronic prescribing compared to paper prescribing (2.7% vs 5.3%, P=0.68).

Conclusions:

Electronic prescribing appears to reduce prescribing errors. However, there is a learning curve for new doctors using electronic prescribing. Training and support is vital during this period in order to reduce prescribing errors.
Use of NPWT with and without Soft Port technology in infected foot wounds undergoing partial diabetic foot amputation
Authors: Schwartz J.A. , Fuller A. , Avdagic E. , Gendics C. , Lantis J.C.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has previously been shown to be effective in closing diabetic foot wounds that have undergone amputation over a 16-week period. For patients with plantar foot wounds, NPWT is a key therapy. An alternative NPWT with and without a novel soft, flexible port system needs to be evaluated for its comparable efficacy. Our objective was to show the non-inferiority of an alternative negative pressure system, and in a small subset, a novel foam dressing system.

Method:

We performed a single centre prospective study of patients with diabetes undergoing open bone resection in the foot for acutely infected wounds. Wounds were treated with NPWT/soft port technology (SPT), for 112 days or until primary closure or the wound was deemed ready for delayed primary closure. Rate of closure and quality of life were analysed. A previously published cohort was used as a control.

Results:

Of the 30 patients initially recruited, 29 met eligibility requirements and had NPWT applied a median of 2 days postoperatively. There were seven patients (24%) who had delayed primary closure (mean=58 days) and 52% had sufficient progress to change in treatment (15/29; mean=62 days). Only one patient reached the 112-day mark without sufficient progress to be closed. The primary method of delayed primary closure was split-thickness skin graft. There was a reduction in wound area 56.3% (initial mean area=17.4cm2 to final mean area=7.6 cm2; p=0.001) at the end of treatment (mean=58.7 days) reduced to 4.3cm2 a 67.2% reduction (p=0.004) at the end of study (112 days).

Conclusion:

The alternative NPWT and the soft port technology was well tolerated and effective in the population in aggregate. There was no inferiority between the two technologies. The aggregate closure or progression to be ready for closure rate of 75% at 69 days compares very favourably with previously published data for NPWT in this population of 56% at 56 days (range: 26–92 days). Both cohorts did significantly better than previously published standard of care closure rates of 39% at 77 days.

Declaration of interest:

J.C. Lantis is a paid consultant for Smith & Nephew, Acelity, Macrocure and Manukamed. This trial as supported by an institutional grant to St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospital sponsored by Smith & Nephew. The outcome of the trial had no bearing on the condition of the grant. No investigator holds an equity position in Smith & Nephew. C. Gendics is a paid consultant of Acelity.
Productivity Metrics and Consumers’ Misunderstanding of Time Savings
Authors: De Langhe Bart , Puntoni Stefano
Published: September 2015

The marketplace is replete with productivity metrics that put units of output in the numerator and one unit of time in the denominator (e.g., megabits per second [Mbps] to measure download speed). In this article, three studies examine how productivity metrics influence consumer decision making. Many consumers have incorrect intuitions about the impact of productivity increases on time savings: they do not sufficiently realize that productivity increases at the high end of the productivity range (e.g., from 40 to 50 Mbps) imply smaller time savings than productivity increases at the low end of the productivity range (e.g., from 10 to 20 Mbps). Consequently, the availability of productivity metrics increases willingness to pay for products and services that offer higher productivity levels. This tendency is smaller when consumers receive additional information about time savings through product experience or through metrics that are linearly related to time savings. Consumers’ intuitions about time savings are also more accurate when they estimate time savings than when they rank them. Estimates are based less on absolute than on proportional changes in productivity (and proportional changes correspond more with actual time savings).
Price Transparency and Retail Prices: Evidence from Fuel Price Signs in the Italian Highway System
Authors: Rossi Federico , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: September 2015

Price transparency initiatives are typically undertaken by third parties to ensure that consumers can compare the prices of competing offers in markets in which obtaining such information is costly. Such practices have recently become widespread, yet it is unclear whether the increased price competition due to lower search costs overcomes the potential for collusion between competitors due to lower price coordination costs. Motivated by this question, the authors investigate the effect of mandatory price posting (on large electronic signs) on the pricing behavior of competing gas stations in the Italian highway system. The authors find that when prices are posted, the average price of gasoline decreases by 1 euro cent per liter, which represents about 20% of stations’ margins. About half the price decrease can be attributed to the introduction of a sign posting a station's own price and those of its nearest neighbors, with the other half due to the introduction of other signs posting the prices of other stations on the same road. Despite the price reduction, however, the introduction of signs seems to have little impact on price dispersion, suggesting that price uncertainty persists even after the policy is implemented. Analysis of customer transaction data confirms this finding, showing that less than 10% of consumers use the posted price information effectively.
Langlands program for p-adic coefficients and the petits camarades conjecture
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we prove that, if Deligne’s “petits camarades
conjecture” holds, then a Langlands type correspondence holds also for
p-adic coefficients on a smooth curve over a finite field. As an
application, we prove that any overconvergent F-isocrystal of rank
less than or equal to 2 on a smooth curve is ι-mixed.
A local voice of Macau: Traditional Characters, code-switching and Written Cantonese in an internet forum
Authors: Hok-Shing, Chan Brian,
Published: September 2015

Macau is geographically small but it has a large and complex population with various sub-groups from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Against a backdrop of multilingualism and multiculturalism, questions arise as to whether there is a local Macau Chinese identity and, if yes, how this identity is constructed via language. From a set of language data collected from an internet forum, where university students and their peers have been expressing themselves under minimal censorship, a vernacular “voice” does seem to emerge with the pervasiveness of Traditional Characters and Written Cantonese, demarcating local students and mainland students. Whereas Written Cantonese, often interspersed with English words and phrases, has long been in use in Hong Kong and Macau, the data do show many creative expressions or literacy practices that depart further from the more (quasi-)standard Written Cantonese characters. This creativity is appropriately described as “translanguaging”, and yet “translanguaging” is nothing new in Cantonese-speaking communities; that is, at its outset, Written Cantonese is a “translanguaging” practice in the sense that it challenges the literary norm that “Chinese should always be written in Modern Standard Chinese” and problematizes the language ideology that “a dialect, such as Cantonese, cannot be written”. In addition, these literacy practices, though fluid and creative, are largely based on spoken Cantonese, and hence they can be seen as a way of making the forum even more exclusive to mainland students.
两岸差异词及两岸差异词词典的编纂 —— 《两岸差异词词典》编后感言
Authors: 行健 李
Published: September 2015

《两岸差异词词典》全书约 60 万字, 从启动编写到出版历时 4 年多。本文首先介绍了编写的缘起和前期准备的情况, 然后从差异词的界定和收录、释义要求、信息提示栏的设计以及针对词典特点的配例原则等方面进行了介绍。
Sorting Out Identities: An Educational Primer for Use with “Novel Tools for Genetic Manipulation of Follicle Stem Cells in the Drosophila Ovary Reveal an Integrin-Dependent Transition from Quiescence to Proliferation”
Authors: Silva Diane , Jemc Jennifer C
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY Organisms are made up of thousands of different cell types that must migrate, proliferate, and interact with each other to yield functional organ systems and ultimately a viable organism. A characteristic that distinguishes one cell type from another is the set of genes that it expresses. An article by Hartman et al. in the April 2015 issue of GENETICS identified methods to uniquely identify different cell populations during oogenesis, providing valuable tools for future studies. This Primer article provides background information on the Drosophila ovary as a system in which to study stem cell regulation, mechanisms for regulating gene expression, and the techniques used by Hartman et al. to identify specific cell populations and study their function.

Related article in GENETICS: Hartman, T. R., E. M. Ventresca, A. Hopkins, D. Zinshteyn, T. Singh et al., 2015 Novel Tools for Genetic Manipulation of Follicle Stem Cells in the Drosophila Ovary Reveal an Integrin-Dependent Transition from Quiescence to Proliferation. Genetics 199:935–957.
SOI-nanowire biosensor for the detection of D-NFAT 1 protein
Authors: Malsagova K.A. , Ivanov Yu.D. , Pleshakova T.O. , Kozlov A.F. , Krohin N.V. , Kaysheva A.L. , Shumov I.D. , Popov V.P. , Naumova O.V. , Fomin B.I. , Nasimov D.A.
Published: September 2015

The nanowire (NW) detection is one of fast-acting and high-sensitive methods allowing to reveal potentially relevant protein molecules. A NW biosensor based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-structures was used for biospecific label-free detection of NFAT 1 (D-NFAT 1) oncomarker in real time. For this purpose, SOI-nanowires (NWs) were modified with aptamers against NFAT 1 used as molecular probes. It was shown that using this biosensor it is possible to reach the sensitivity of ~10-15 M. This sensitivity was comparable with that of the NW biosensor with immobilized antibodies used as macromolecular probes. The results demonstrate promising approaches used to form the sensor elements for high-sensitive disease diagnostics
Potential of pharmacological modulation of level and activity incretins on diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Spasov A.A. , Chepljaeva N.I.
Published: September 2015

This review summarizes data on the main approaches used for the search of biologically active compounds modulating the level and physiological activity of incretins. Currently two groups of drugs are used in clinical practice: they either replenish the deficit of incretins (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) or inhibit the degradation processes (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors). In addition, new groups of substances are actively searched. These include non-peptide agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, agonists/antagonists of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, the hybrid polypeptides based on glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon
Peso de rainhas virgens africanizadas produzidas em colônias submetidas a diferentes suplementações alimentares em Mossoró-RN, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Daniel Santiago , Paiva Charle da Silva , Coelho Wesley Adson Costa , Holanda-Neto João Paulo de , Silva Armando Ferreira da , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se existe diferença no peso ao nascer de abelhas rainha produzidas em mini recrias alimentadas com três diferentes formulações de ração proteica. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de junho a agosto de 2011, na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, UFERSA, em Mossoró-Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram utilizadas seis colmeias mini recrias com enxames, equalizados, ativos e populosos, para a produção de rainhas foi utilizado o método de Doolittle (1899), utilizando-se cúpulas de acrílico. Os tratamentos foram: T1 – 40% soja, 60% açúcar, essência de baunilha; T2 – 40% soja, 10% mel, 50% açúcar; T3- 10% pólen, 30% soja, 10% mel, 50% açúcar. As seis mini recrias foram alimentadas quinze dias antes da transferência de larvas com alimentação energética e proteica, para adaptação, em cada alimentação era fornecida 400g de ração, e repetido no dia da recepção das cúpulas. As realeiras coletadas foram acondicionadas em B.O.D., e as rainhas pesadas nas primeiras 10 horas de vida. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente mediante o uso do programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 17.0 (SPSS. Inc, Chicargo, IL, EUA) e expressos em média e desvio padrão, submetido à análise da normalidade e teste de Mann-Whitney. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Realizado a ANOVA verificou-se que houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos (p <0,05). O peso das rainhas para cada tratamento foi: T1 - 172.95 ± 29.22b; T2- 177.46 ± 27.81ab; e T3 - 183.03 ± 31.10a. A ração com pólen mostrou-se mais eficaz na produção de rainhas com peso médio superior a 180 mg.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES ON MILKFISH SKIN (Chanos chanos) DURING POSTMORTEM
Authors: Perceka Medal Lintas , Nurhayati Tati , Nuryati Sri
Published: September 2015

Aquatic products are easily perishable commodity, one of them are fish skin. Information about the declining quality of milkfish skin has not been revealed yet. Milkfish skins were analysed to determine the chemical composition, postmortem storage on chilling temperatures, and compared the microstructure changes during postmortem. Measured parameters in this study were proximate, organoleptic score, and histological examination to observe the tissue damage that occurred in post mortem storage. Milkfish skin contained moisture, ash, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate were 64.74%; 2.43%; 4.76%; 23.74%; 4.34%, respectively. Milkfish skin entered prerigor at 0 days, rigormortis at 8 days, postrigor at 14 days, and the decomposed phase at 23 days of chilled storage. Milkfish skin began experiencing damage in rigormortis by the occurrence of degeneration. In postrigor and decomposed phase occurred cariolysis. In addition, in the decomposed phase there were empty spaces marked by the loss of the milkfish skin tissue due to cell death. Keyword: chilling, histology, milkfish skin, postmortem.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HISTOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF THE HUMPBACK GROUPER JUVENILE (CROMILEPTESALTIVELIS) AFTER TREATED WITH RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Antoro Suci , Zairin Junior M , Alimuddin A , Suprayudi Agus , Faizal Irvan
Published: September 2015

Despite as high price consumption fish, humpback grouper grow out take very long time so its culture considered not efficient. Therefore to accelerate its growth rate and make grow out culture more efficient, recombinant Epinepheluslanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH) was applied by oral route. Daily application of rough rElGH at a dose of 5 mg/100 g commercial diet for 42 days resulted significance increase in growth rate compared to control groups. No specific histological damage on kidney, liver and spleen which was attributable to rElGH administration. These results strongly suggested that growth stimulation following oral administration was due to a specific action of rElGH and recombinant GH as mentioned above save for fish consumption. Keywords: growth, histology, humpback grouper, recombinant growth hormone
IMPACT OF FISH AGGREGATING DEVICE ON SUSTAINABLE CAPTURE FISHERIES
Authors: Yusfiandayani Roza , Baskoro Mulyono S , Monintja Daniel
Published: September 2015

The use of rumpon, a type of Fish Aggregating Device (FAD), has been traditional in Indonesia, particularly in eastern Indonesia waters since time immemorial (Reuter 1938; Nasution et al. 1986; Monintja 1976). The traditional tuna fishermen in Mamuju waters in the Province of South Celebes have used rumpons for a long time, although there is no record when the device was first used (Nasution et al. 1986). Any structure designed or made to attract free schooling fishes: rumpon (Indonesia), tendak (West Java), uncang (Sumatera), rompong (Sulawesi), payaos (Philippines). Local fishermen claimed that they learned how to construct the rumpon from their ancestors, but did not apply the device extensively until 1985 because of the low profitability of catching the swift swimming fishes. The use of rumpon for fishing activities has improved the effectiveness and efficiency of several fishing gear. However, the fast growing of rumpon utilization has raised a great concern on the sustainability of the fish resources. The rumpon management for responsible fisheries should consider the aspects of biology, location, environment, fishing gear, social and economic. The existing condition of rumpon has not fully understood and its usage in a responsible manner further elaboration also needed. For that purpose, the information of the past and present situation of rumpon in Indonesia will be important for further management. The main data were collected and compiled from various references, annual report of the Directorate General of Fisheries and research report of Central Research Institute for Fisheries. Additional data were made available from local fisheries agencies or related institutions. Structure of the rumpon installed in the Provinces of North Sumatera, West Sumatra, Lampung, West Java, East Java, North Celebes, Central Celebes, South Celebes, maluku and Papua are given in detail. There are 2 types of rumpon : the deep sea rumpon and shallow water rumpon. The differences among the rumpons in those areas are mostly found in material of mooring line, shape and material of float and structure of the attracting components. The mooring line is mostly made of polyethylene of 12-25 mm in diameter or nylon of 5-10 mm in diameter. There are wide variations of shape of floats. Generally they are divide into pontoon type or box shape made of steel and raft type made of bamboos. Attractors are made of coconut leaves, nipah leaves and pinag leaves. Some attractors are attached to the mooring line and the others are hung down from the float. They are operated in wide range of water depth from 20 to 1500 m. The fishing ground conditions, bottom topography and bottom configuration are among the factors considered for the rumpon design and construction. The differences in construction are mainly due to the rumpon location, target species in each area and the fishing gear applied. Keywords : fish aggregating device, rumpon, sustainable fisheries, Indonesia
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR MUSCLE TWITCH EXPERIMENT MEASUREMENT OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION TIME
Authors: Riyanto Mochammad , Riyanto Mochammad , Arimoto Takafumi
Published: September 2015

The muscle contraction time of fish can be the good index for swimming capability to estimate the maximum swimming speed, by defining the maximum tail beating performance. The muscle contraction time of jack mackerel, Thachurus japonicus (18.0 – 19.4 cm of fork length (FL), n = 15) was measured with newly developed portable systemand compared with the conventional setup with the electric stimulation pulse from generator and battery system.The muscle contraction profile was not different among each measurementeven with the different pulse pattern of electric stimulation between portable and conventional setup. The shortest recording of muscle contraction time with the portable system was 22.6 ± 2.1 ms, not different to the conventional system as 24.3 ± 1.9 ms with the generator and 24.2 ± 2.0 mswith the battery system. Time duration and the pulse pattern of the electric stimulus do not affect the muscle contraction time. The portable system can be used to measure the muscle contraction time of fish for the field experiment and onboard the fishing boat without alternating current (AC) electricity supply. Keywords: Muscle contraction time, jack mackerel, portable system, electric stimulus, muscle twitch experiment.
SQUID EGGS ATTACHMENT AND FISH ASSOCIATION ON THE SQUID ATTRACTOR AGGREGATING DEVICE
Authors: Baskoro Mulyono S , Syari Indra Ambalika , Kawaroe Mujizat , Wahju Ronny Irawan , Yusfiandayani Roza
Published: September 2015

Indonesia reveals incommensurate movement between fishing and reproduction as well as growth of sea fishery commodities. This point can lead to overfishing problem so in order to solve it the enrichment program is required significantly, for instance, through aggregating device program. Research was done on October 2012 by drowning two shapes of aggregating device: quadrangular and cylindrical into Bangka Island’s waters. The monitoring result after nine months shows that cylindrical aggregating device is more effective to attach the squid eggs than quadrangular one because it is covered and protected well. The other sea creatures found in the same location with the squid aggregating device are lutjanus lutjanus (kind of fish), softcoral, gastropoda dan krustace. Keywords : Aggregating device, squid, squid egg, fish, macrobenthic
SEAWEED AS MICRONUTRIENTS INGREDIENT FOR FOOD SUPPLEMENT
Authors: Retiaty Fifi , Nugraheni Ade , Lamid Astuti
Published: September 2015

In some part of Indonesia seaweed has been used as vegetables dish. The most important component of seaweed isiodine and iron. Gracillariasp is one species of seaweed that can be used as a source of the mikronutrients such as iron, iodine and calcium. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iodine Deficiency Disorder can cause several diseases also known low haemoglobin level and iodine level in the blood. This preparation of Gracillariasp could supplement micro-nutrients in the diet. This study was to develop appropriate local technology of Gracillariaspcontainedas an ingredient in the making of food supplement for imorovement of micronutrients intake.The experimental study uses optimum formulated comosition from seaweed.Based on the practical in the area (Bali), the formula of seaweed compose of seaweed of Gracillaria with additional of 20 % salty fish extract, 5 % dextrin. The seaweeds contains high of carbohydrate, iodine, calcium and iron but low in protein and lipid. Appropriate technology of dried seaweed supplement could be prepared at home. Theseseaweed supplements could be advocated in rural arealevel or posyandufor combating under nutrition status of the children.The formula of direct seaweed inclusion inthe supplement is preferred due to green colour and acceptable taste compared to dried seaweed. The serving sice of 25 g of this product could be cover children’s need about 23 % in iodine, 100 % in iron and 22- 35 % in calcium. Keywords: seaweed, Gracillariasp, iodine, iron, food supplement
ROLES OF APOPTOSIS AND AUTOPHAGY ON THE TEXTURE OF RED SEA BREAM MUSCLE
Authors: Harigaya Atsuko , Nagasaka Reiko , Ohshima Toshiaki
Published: September 2015

One of commercial brands in farmed-products of red sea bream (Pagrus major), named “Date-Madai”, is known to possess hard texture and transparency when served as “Sashimi”. The quality of “Sashimi” is usually evaluated by texture, appearance, and color of dark muscle. These characters easily change worse during post mortem storage. The aim of this study was to reveal relationship between proteolytic degradation and muscle quality of the red sea bream. Sensory analysis was carried out to evaluate the quality of “Sashimi” in terms of texture and appearance of flesh. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate protein expressions of red sea bream muscle. Significantly higher score in the sensory analysis for brightness was given to the “Date-Madai”. Similar tendency were also observed in color, texture and general acceptability. Intracellular effector of the apoptotic pathway includes contributin of caspase family. Lower level in caspase-3 protein was observed in the “Date-Madai” muscle. Autophagy is known to be inhibited by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase, which is in the downstream of the TOR, increased in the “Date- Madai” muscle. This study concluded that the apoptosis and autophagy could be associated with the quality of the red sea bream. Keywords: apoptosis, autophagy, proteases, red sea bream
EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS PROTEASES ON GELATION OF RED TILE FISH SURIMI
Authors: TAKAHASHI Kigen , OKAZAKI Emiko , OSAKO Kazufumi
Published: September 2015

Red tile fish Branchiostegus japonicus meat degrades easily. In market, the small- sized fish is traded at a low price. Additionally, the population of red tile fish in the sea around Japan has reduced. Therefore, for effective utilization of small-sized red tile fish, the effect of endogenous proteases on heat-induced gelation of red tile fish surimi was investigated in the research. Fish gels from red tile fish surimi were prepared at different temperatures between 30 – 90 oC. After heating, the samples were cooled in ice water and then mechanical properties and SDS-PAGE patterns were analyzed. Homogenates prepared from the surimi were mixed with protease inhibitor solutions. The mixtures were incubated in water bathes at 40 or 60 oC. After heating, peptide contents in the supernatant and autolytic protein patterns were determined by the Lowry method and SDS-PAGE respectively. The surimi didn’t form heat-induced gels at 30 - 80 oC and SDS–PAGE showed that proteolysis markedly occurred. Addition of 1, 10-phenanthroline, benzamidine or SBTI prevented proteolysis. These results suggest that red tile fish surimi had extremely low gel- forming ability due to endogenous metalloprotease and trypsin-like serine protease. Keywords: Fish products, Gelation, Protease inhibitor, Surimi
ANTIOBESITY OF FUCOXANTHIN FROM Sargassumechinocarpum BY INCREASING β-OXIDATION IN ADIPOCYTE
Authors: Firdaus Muhamad , Agustin Fadhilah Purna , Kholifatul Alif J , Wiratama Nugroho , Sudjatmiko Yusuf Adi
Published: September 2015

Fucoxanthin is a one of carotenoids that contained in brown seaweeds. This compound has been affected to lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity of fucoxanthin of Sargassumechinocarpum on adipocyte by increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expressions. Fucoxanthin was isolated from Sargassumechinocarpum and validated by infrared spectrophotometer. Adipocyte was obtained from pre-adipocyte cell from viscera tissue of wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) and cultured in fetal bovine serum and Dulbeccos modified eagle’s medium. Adipocyte was treated with fucoxanthin and quercetin as control. Expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor a of adipocyte was verified by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observed by ELISA reader. The result showed that infrared spectra of Sargassumechinocarpumextract was equal with infrared spectra of fucoxanthin.  Adipocyte cells treated with fucoxanthin showed increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expression. It indicated that fucoxanthin able to enhance β-oxidation in adipocyte cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that fucoxanthin from Sargassumechinocarpum able to increase adiponectin and decrease tumor necrosis factor a expression in adipocyte and it is promising to develop anantiobesitynutraceutical.Keywords: adipocyte, adiponectin, fucoxanthin, Sargassumechinocarpum, tumor necrosis factor α
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL HYALURONIDASE INHIBITOR FROM A MARINE ACTINOMYCETES STRAIN
Authors: Harunari Enjuro , Imada Chiaki , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Fukuda Takao , Terahara Takeshi , Kobayashi Takeshi
Published: September 2015

A novel hyaluronidase inhibitor (HI) was isolated from the culture extract of a marine- derived actinomycete strain. This strain MB-PO13 was isolated from ascidian (Molgula manhattensis) in Tokyo Bay. Out of about 1,000 isolates from various marine organisms, strain MB-PO13 had the strongest inhibitory activity and was selected for further study. The strain showed abundant-to-moderate growth on most media, forming a grayish mycelium. On the basis of the taxonomical characteristics, the strain was classified as belonging to the genus of Streptomyces and was named as Streptomyces sp. strain MB-PO13. The structure of HI was elucidated by interpretation of NMR data. HI displayed about 25-fold potent hyaluronidase inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase than glycyrrhizin. Keywords: marine actinomycetes; Streptomyces; hyaluronidase inhibitor
DETERMINATION OF EXTRACTION TEMPERATURE AND PERIOD OF FISH OIL FROM TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) BY PRODUCT USING WET RENDERING METHOD
Authors: Suseno Sugeng Heri , Nurjanah N , Yoshiara Y , Saraswati S
Published: September 2015

Tilapia is a farmed commodity of freshwater fish that can be processed into refined products, e.g. the tilapia fillets. The arising problem in the utilization of tilapia into processed products is its residual waste. The purpose of study is to obtain fish oil from tilapia by-products by wet rendering extraction; to characterize fish oil; to determine the optimum temperature and period of wet rendering extraction; and to determine the fatty acid composition of fish oil. Extraction temperatures were varied i.e. 25, 50, 70, and 90 °C. Extraction periods observed were 15, 25, 35, and 45 min. Quality parameters to evaluate the performance of fish oil were free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide, p-anisidine, total oxidation, and fatty acid composition analysis. The optimum temperature and period of wet rendering extraction were 70 °C for 35 minutes, with the highest yield of 6.44%. Fish oil yield which was obtained using Bligh and Dyer method was 8.12%. Fish oil extracted from wet rendering method contained 1.15% of EPA and 1.03% of DHA. Keywords: by-product of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), extraction, fish oil, temperature, time
BENZO (α) PYRENE POTENTIAL ANALYSIS ON SMOKED FISH (CASE STUDY: TRADITIONAL METHOD AND SMOKING KILN)
Authors: Swastawati Fronthea , Surti Titi , Agustini Tri Winarni , Riyadi Putut Har
Published: September 2015

Benzo(α)pyrene were determined by Gass Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry method on nile, tilapia, milkfish, little tuna, narrow bared spanish mackerel, marine catfish, canine catfish and stingray processed by traditional method and the used of smoking kiln. Eight samples of smoked fish processed by traditional method showed a higher BaP levels ranging from 0.03 to 4.58 ppb. Whereas, BaP levels on smoked fish processed by smoking kiln were found in average lower than traditional method ranging from 0.01 to 3.04 ppb. Different fish species gave very significant different (P<0.01) to BaP levels. Meanwhile, different method of smoking fish gave no significant different (P>0.05) on carbonyl compounds (phenol, formaldehyde, and organic acid) levels on smoked fish processed by traditional method and smoking kiln, but different fish species gave very significant different (P<0.01) to carbonyl compound level (phenol, formaldehyde, and organic acid). Keywords: Benzo(α)pyrene, carbonyl, smoking kiln, smoked fish, traditional method
Use of Stabilisation Chains to Optimise Lazy Wave Flexible Risers in Harsh Environments
Authors: Gurung Amul , Viana Pedro , O'Brien Aoife , Rimmer Alex
Published: September 2015

The paper addresses the use of steel chains in a lazy wave configured flexible riser system to provide an alternative flexible riser configuration for use in challenging environments including large vessel offsets and motions, and large ranges of riser internal fluid properties. While the compliant nature of flexible pipe provides excellent fatigue and strength resistance, flexible risers typically experience larger deflections when compared with rigid risers, which results in greater challenges managing interference issues with adjacent structures. Different lengths and variable masses of chain are installed at locations along the hog bend of the flexible riser configuration. The arrangement of the chain masses, length and positioning along the line are developed to primarily prevent contact with the seabed and the hull of the FPSO when a range of heavy and light internal fluids are considered. A number of weighted steel chain configurations are evaluated and presented through an analytical case study in order to demonstrate the benefits of this approach for a typical generic shallow water application FPSO system. Installation and hardware design aspects are additional requirements that may need to be addressed in further assessments.

Through the in-place case study, comparisons are made between the performance of the flexible riser system with and without the weighted steel chains. Global finite element models are developed to simulate the performance of the different flexible riser configurations when subject to a range of loading scenarios covering large FPSO offsets, harsh environmental conditions and a range of riser internal fluid densities. Performance criteria of the flexible riser such as tensile loading, curvature and motion envelopes are presented to show the improvements derived though optimisation of the chains. It is also demonstrated that the chain section that extends along the seabed helps to reduce the transverse displacement and “lateral walking” thus reducing the risk of clashing with adjacent structures and changes in line lay azimuth under strong transverse current loading. The cost effectiveness of the chain weighted flexible is also compared to other solutions considering new and retro-fit applications. This work demonstrates that an improved and cost effective solution is developed to provide an acceptable flexible riser dynamic response for the range of operational fluid densities that may be experienced in its operational lifetime.
Using Quality Assurance Principles to Help Ensure the Validity and Reliability of Competency Assessments
Authors: Kruger Todd , Leuro Jorge
Published: September 2015

Organizations within the oil and gas industry have invested heavily in embedding competency programs into business framework and corporate cultures, expecting that they will be instrumental in terms of delivering superior business results by building and maintaining workforce capability.

To execute this strategy, individuals should be engaged by reliably adopting principles and applying processes. However, with respect to accountability, individuals will choose to either adopt behavior that drives compliance or complacency for themselves and others.

A “compliance mentality” involves individuals successfully applying competency program processes because they believe that developing, assessing, and documenting a true competence of the workforce will drive better business results. A “complacent mentality” involves individuals “ticking the box” or “chasing the numbers,” either unconcerned with how metrics are achieved or comfortable with mediocre quality because they believe that the extra time and effort is not worthwhile.

The inherent challenges, therefore, are recognizing that complacency is likely and that a systematic methodology is necessary to (1) help mitigate risk by identifying nonconformance and correcting undesired behavior and (2) continuously improve the belief system of the organization.

This paper discusses how a full-spectrum oil and gas service company, with more than 60,000 employees with competencies and 16,000 qualified raters, is ensuring that individuals adopt desired behavior by applying “verification”, a principle that is well-known but a practice that is not necessarily consistently applied throughout the oil and gas industry. This paper further highlights (1) how industry-recognized verification practices, proven at the local business unit level, have been reviewed and adapted to apply to a global competency program without creating undesirable burden, (2) how a layered approach to verification has been implemented, and (3) how this investment is producing the business results and benefits for all stakeholders in the competency program.
Towards Reasonable European Shale Gas Regulation - the European Commission's 2014 Recommendation and Communication on Shale Gas Extraction
Authors: Fleming Ruven
Published: September 2015

Following years of deliberation, the European Union released a Recommendation on unconventional hydrocarbons and a related Communication in 2014. Although these documents are not legally binding on member states, they are nevertheless of great significance as they indicate, for the first time, the current and likely future stance of EU institutions on the regulation of unconventional hydrocarbons. The paper will trace the origins and development of these documents, as they provide vital clues for the road ahead in European shale gas regulation.

Given the long-standing absence of specific European regulation on unconventional hydrocarbons, a range of different views on the applicability of the existing regulatory framework evolved. The paper highlights the main pillars of the system, which constitute the foundations of the 2014 Recommendation on unconventional hydrocarbons. The paper will conclude that the European Commission resisted numerous calls for implementation of an unnecessarily intrusive and legally questionable set of new rules. Instead, it adopted a flexible and sufficiently open approach to unconventional hydrocarbons extraction. The 2014 Recommendation may hence be characterized as a successful balancing act, which leaves member states with considerable leeway for implementing their own regulatory strategies, while providing much-needed assurance for investors that Europe will not be “closed for shale business”.