bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos sobre a concepção de Estado de Lenin em "O Estado e a revolução": para uma crítica do Estado como mero aparato de repressão
Authors: De Oliveira Maciel Lucas
Published: September 2022

Diante da comum crença de que a concepção marxista do Estado o reduz a um aparato de opressão de classe, o presente artigo procura mostrar como um dos mais famosos nomes dessa tradição, também ele associado a tal concepção, Vladimir Lenin, não recai nesse reducionismo. A partir de sua obra O Estado e a revolução, será mostrado que, ainda que o autor reconheça a dimensão classista e opressora da máquina estatal, esta não se reduz a tal característica, de modo que sua descrição precisa ser complementada, primariamente, com o reconhecimento de que o Estado é uma potência estranhada da sociedade. Sem esse último traço, é impossível compreender a definição de Lenin do Estado, bem como o complexo categorial do resto do livro.
Anti-eurocentrismo eurocêntrico
Authors: Meikins Wood Ellen
Published: September 2022

Texto publicado por Ellen Meiksins Wood na revista Against the Current, em 2001, com introdução de um de seus editores, David Finkel. Em seu escrito, a historiadora e cientista política marxista aborda a questão do Eurocentrismo em sua relação com o capitalismo, estabelecendo críticas às recentes tentativas de autores em buscar combater a “arrogância cultural” europeia a partir de modelos explicativos que são, originalmente, expressões do próprio Eurocentrismo. Daí o título de seu artigo, Eurocentric Anti-Eurocentrism, em que Wood estabelece uma síntese de parte das reflexões de seu livro The origin of capitalism (1999) [A origem do capitalismo (2001)]. Seu principal argumento, em diálogo com os famosos debates sobre a transição do feudalismo para o capitalismo – em especial com o historiador Robert Brenner –, versa sobre como a dinâmica do sistema capitalista teria sido acionada a partir de relações de propriedade específicas no meio rural da Inglaterra. A proposta de Wood alerta para o perigo da naturalização do capitalismo e sua associação a um devir histórico inevitável para qualquer sociedade, europeia ou não; uma armadilha que enreda no Eurocentrismo mesmo aqueles que buscam criticá-lo, ao reproduzirem o seu principal fundamento: o capitalismo.
Intelectuais, política e conflitos sociais [David Maciel; Pedro Leão Costa Neto; Rodrigo Jurucê Mattos (org.)]
Authors: Alencar Francisca Vilandia de
Published: September 2022

Trata-se de uma resenha crítica do livro Intelectuais, política e conflitos sociais, organizado por David Maciel, Pedro Leão da Costa Neto e Rodrigo Jurucê Mattos e publicado pelas editoras Gárgula e Kelps.
A obra em questão apresenta a contribuição de dez autores para o desenvolvimento da teoria marxista nas suas múltiplas vertentes, alguns dos quais pertencem ao Grupo de Pesquisa Capitalismo e História – Instituições, Cultura e Classes Sociais vinculado a Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), que possui por eixo transversal o método marxista de análise.
A guerra civil nos EUA e as lutas pela independência da Polônia: Marx e a política da emancipação
Authors: Musto Marcello
Published: September 2022

Na primeira parte da década de 1860, o interesse jornalístico e escolar de Marx na diplomacia e na política internacional o levaram a voltar sua atenção para dois importantes eventos históricos. O primeiro foi o estouro da guerra civil americana, quando sete estados escravocratas declararam sua secessão dos EUA. O segundo foi o levante do povo polonês contra a ocupação pela Rússia. A análise de Marx desses eventos históricos também influenciou seu compromisso político através da Associação Internacional dos Trabalhadores. Este artigo examina como os estudos de Marx sobre a guerra civil nos EUA e a luta por independência da Polônia foram relevantes tanto para seu desenvolvimento teórico quanto para seu engajamento político. Através dessas investigações Marx compreendeu dinâmicas matizadas em funcionamento, permitindo a ele sugerir intervenções internacionalistas funcionais para as organizações da classe trabalhadora.
Neres! Da luta contra a ditadura à reconstrução do PCB [Pablo Lima; Paloma Silva (org.)]
Authors: Gama Passos Silva Najla
Published: September 2022

O presente texto é a resenha da obra Neres! Da luta contra a ditadura à reconstrução do PCB, organizada pelos historiadores Pablo Lima e Paloma Silva, publicado em 2021 pelo Instituto Caio Prado Jr. A publicação, às vesperas do centenário do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB),  está respaldada por ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresentando aos leitores a trajetória de José Francisco Neres, militante histórico do PCB, último preso político a deixar os porões da ditadura empresarial-militar no Estado de Minas Gerais e responsável pela reconstrução de partido a partir dos anos 1990.
El desarrollo periférico en Yibuti: un análisis estructural (2000-2018)
Authors: Vega Hidalgo Amanda
Published: September 2022

Yibuti, un pequeño país del Cuerno de África que ostenta una posición geoestratégica privilegiada, ha mostrado en los últimos años unas tasas de crecimiento muy elevadas. Con una dotación de recursos naturales protagonizada por dicha posición y un tejido productivo débil y desarticulado, el crecimiento se explica principalmente por una estrategia de desarrollo basada en el aumento de la inversión en grandes proyectos de infraestructuras financiados por China. Si bien este modelo ha hecho posible un viraje en el eje de acumulación del país, su inserción sigue relegando la economía africana a una posición periférica a través de un desarrollo extravertido marcado por la necesidad de los capitales internacionales. Para poder comprender la profundidad de estas conclusiones, que responden a la lógica expansiva de la economía mundial capitalista, resulta imperativa la realización de un análisis sistemático que considere todos los aspectos de su estructura económica.
Formas e tendências de precarização do trabalho docente: o precariado professoral e o professorado estável-formal nas redes públicas brasileiras [Amanda Moreira da Silva]
Authors: Santos André Almeida
Published: September 2022

O escopo da presente resenha é o livro ``Formas e tendências de precarização do trabalho docente: o precariado estável-formal nas redes públicas brasileiras``, escrito pela Drª Amanda Moreira da Silva, publicado pela editora CRV, 2020. A obra problematiza questões vinculadas à precarização do trabalho docente frente às transformações no mundo do trabalho imposta pela ordem neoliberal no Brasil. A autora destaca as tendências do precariado docente no século XXI. Dentre elas, destacam-se a terceirização, a pejotização e a uberização. Diante dos apontamentos elucidados pela obra, temos entre as formas e tendências que afetam os professores temporários, os eventuais e o professorado estável-formal. Esse processo vem provocando instabilidade e a corrosão da carreira docente em nosso país. Soma-se a esses aspectos, a implantação de valores empresariais dentro da educação pública com a precarização do trabalhador e das condições em que ocorrem esse trabalho.
As mulheres e o capital: notas sobre a exploração do trabalho feminino na produção e reprodução do capitalismo
Authors: Almeida Miléia Santos
Published: September 2022

O presente ensaio apresenta uma reflexão teórica acerca das dimensões da exploração do trabalho produtivo e reprodutivo das mulheres na sociedade capitalista e patriarcal, a partir de conceitos e análises presentes no primeiro livro da obra “O Capital”. Com o objetivo de atualizar e complementar lacunas presentes no pensamento marxiano ou mesmo dialogar com suas proposições, são fundamentais as interlocuções com a epistemologia feminista que aborda o tema, bem como exemplificar a realidade concreta por meio da articulação entre teoria e prática – a práxis marxista.
O genocídio
Authors: Pasolini Pier Paolo , Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: September 2022

O texto de Pier Paolo Pasolini traduzido a seguir, neste momento de reaparecimento da extrema-direita em vários cantos do mundo, é de uma atualidade estarrecedora. O autor analisa o processo de formação do consenso a partir da utilização dos meios de comunicação de massa e denuncia a forma como estes instrumentos atuam para construir uma hegemonia cultural homogênea sufocando as culturas autóctones. Para as classes populares, a partir da leitura de Gramsci, a cultura popular constitui-se numa das formas de resistência. O genocídio em curso, conforme Pasolini, consiste em reduzir toda a sociedade a uma única forma de pensar e de agir condizente com os interesses da sociedade de consumo. Trata-se, para o autor, de um sistema que, a partir de um simulacro de liberdade e de tolerância, efetiva um genocídio cultural que produz uma afasia aterradora e uma passividade política que imobiliza as classes populares. Refere-se às condições sociais e culturais italianas, mas suas reflexões cabem para pensar o nosso tempo.
Educação e opressão dos povos aborígenes: a trágica experiência dos Montagnais-Naskapi no Canadá
Authors: Joza de Lima Ana , Jimenez Susana , Coelho Gomes Valdemarin
Published: September 2022

O manuscrito discute a relação entre educação e opressão, com ênfase na opressão de gênero e de crianças, a partir da experiência legada à história dos povos montagnais-naskapi no Canadá. Acentua o lugar da educação no processo de adaptação e subjugação desses povos face aos interesses comerciais da sociedade de classes. O objetivo é mostrar como práticas educativas de cunho religiosas atuaram nesse processo para oprimir e dominar os povos aborígenes a partir da criação de um Programa para dominar os povos nativos. O estudo constitui-se em um recorte de uma pesquisa no campo da educação e da reprodução social. Compreende a educação como uma prática social determinada pela existência humana fundada no complexo do trabalho, conforme sinaliza a perspectiva marxiano-lukacsiana.
Brasil – a fascistização do Estado na transição do capitalismo subdesenvolvido ao capitalismo monopolista de Estado dependente e associado ao imperialismo
Authors: Prestes Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2022

Texto inédito de Luiz Carlos Prestes, então secretário-geral do PCB, exilado na URSS devido à repressão promovida especialmente contra os comunistas pela ditadura militar-fascista no Brasil, durante a década de 1970. Trata-se da intervenção de Prestes em seminário realizado na Casa da América Latina em Moscou, a 8/XI/1977, por ocasião do 60º aniversário da Grande Revolução de Outubro de 1917.
Prevalence of Contact Allergens in Natural Skin Care Products From US Commercial Retailers
Authors: Young Peter A. , Gui Haiwen , Bae Gordon H.
Published: September 2022

This quality improvement study assesses the prevalence of contact allergens in personal care products classified as clean or natural among 3 national retailers in the US.
Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Zinc Batteries Enabled by β‐Cyclodextrin: Preferred Zinc Deposition and Suppressed Parasitic Reactions
Authors: Meng Chao , He Weidong , Jiang Liwen , Huang Yuan , Zhang Jintao , Liu Hong , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: September 2022

The intrinsic zinc dendrite growth aggravated by the uneven electric field at the Zn anode surface and the water‐induced parasitic reactions have largely impeded rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for the practical applications in large‐scale energy storage. Here, an effective strategy is proposed to manipulate Zn deposition and simultaneously prevent the generation of insulating by‐products (Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O) for improved plating/stripping on Zn anodes by the addition of a nontoxic electrolyte additive, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The simulation results indicate that β‐CD molecules prefer to adsorb horizontally on Zn (002) plane, regulating the diffusion pathways and deposition sites of Zn2+ for the preferred Zn deposition along (002) plane without dendrite formation and inhibiting the H2 generation and the formation of Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O by facilitating desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+. Consequently, an ultra‐long stable cycling up to 1700 h at a high current density of 4 mA cm−2 can be achieved by the addition of β‐CD, 17 times that of the pure ZnSO4 electrolyte and the remarkable stability is also maintained under harsh test condition (40 mA cm−2, 20 mAh cm−2). This study highlights the important role of β‐CD in engineering the interfacial stability during Zn plating/stripping for high‐performing aqueous batteries.
Fast Construction of Biomimetic Organic–Inorganic Interface by Crosslinking of Calcium Phosphate Oligomers: A Strategy for Instant Regeneration of Hard Tissue
Authors: Yan Lumiao , Zheng Chen , Yuan Ding , Guo Zhengxi , Cui Yihao , Xie Zhijian , Chen Zhi , Tang Ruikang , Liu Zhaoming
Published: September 2022

The organic–inorganic structure in biological hard tissues ensures their marvelous characteristics but these hybrids are easily destroyed by the demineralization of inorganic components, e.g., the damage of dentin. Current clinical materials for hard tissue regeneration commonly act as “fillers” and their therapeutic effect is limited by the failures of biological‐linked organic–inorganic interface reconstruction. Herein, a fast in situ crosslinking of calcium phosphate oligomers (CPOs) on collagen matrixes for efficient organic–inorganic interface re‐construction, which can result in a biomimetic hybrid, is demonstrated. By using damaged dentin as an example, the inorganic ionic crosslinking can instantly infiltrate into the dentin matrix to rebuild a dense and continuous calcium phosphate‐collagen hybrid within only 5 min, where the structurally integrated organic–inorganic interface is identical to natural dentin. As a result, the damaged dentin can be fully recovered to a healthy one, which is superior to any current dentin treatments. The fast construction of biomimetic hybrid by inorganic ionic crosslinking provides a promising strategy for hard tissue repair and follows great potentials of CPOs as advanced biomedical materials in future.
Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Nazir Ghazanfar , Lee Seul‐Yi , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Rehman Adeela , Lee Jung‐Kun , Seok Sang Il , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: September 2022

Exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, which is comparable with their traditional rivals (Si‐based solar cells). However, commercialization‐worthy efficiency and long‐term stability remain a challenge. In this regard, there are increasing studies focusing on the interface engineering in PSC devices to overcome their poor technical readiness. Herein, the roles of electrode materials and interfaces in PSCs are discussed in terms of their PCEs and perovskite stability. All the current knowledge on the factors responsible for the rapid intrinsic and external degradation of PSCs is presented. Then, the roles of carbonaceous materials as substitutes for noble metals are focused on, along with the recent research progress in carbon‐based PSCs. Furthermore, a sub‐category of PSCs, that is, flexible PSCs, is considered as a type of exceptional power source due to their high power‐to‐weight ratios and figures of merit for next‐generation wearable electronics. Last, the future perspectives and directions for research in PSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on their commercialization.
Molecularly Engineered Unparalleled Strength and Supertoughness of Poly(urea‐urethane) with Shape Memory and Clusterization‐Triggered Emission
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Xu Jing , Zhang Xinrui , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua
Published: September 2022

To address the challenge of realizing multifunctional polymers simultaneously exhibiting high strength and high toughness through molecular engineering, ultrastrong and supertough shape‐memory poly(urea‐urethane) (PUU) is fabricated by regulating: i) the reversible cross‐links composed of rigid units and multiple hydrogen bonds, and ii) the molecular weight of soft segments. The optimal material exhibits an unparalleled strength of 84.2 MPa at a large elongation at a break of 925.6%, a superior toughness of 322.8 MJ m−3, and remarkable fatigue resistance without fracture. The repeated stretching of this material induces an irreversible deformation, which, however, can be rapidly recovered by heating. Moreover, all samples are capable of temporary shape fixation at −40 °C (recovering the original shape at 30 °C) and exhibit blue fluorescence when excited at the optimum wavelength, which is ascribed to clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) due to the formation of microphase‐separation structures. Thus, the adopted approach provides a solution to a long‐standing problem and paves the way to the realization of intrinsically luminescent shape‐memory materials exhibiting both ultrahigh strength and ultrahigh toughness.
Ethylene‐Carbonate‐Free Electrolytes for Rechargeable Li‐Ion Pouch Cells at Sub‐Freezing Temperatures
Authors: Yao Yu‐Xing , Yao Nan , Zhou Xi‐Rui , Li Ze‐Heng , Yue Xin‐Yang , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2022

Sub‐freezing temperature presents a significant challenge to the survival of current Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) as it leads to low capacity retention and poor cell rechargeability. The electrolyte in commercial LIBs relies too heavily on ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite (Gr) anodes, but its high melting point (36.4 °C) severely restricts ion transport below 0 °C, causing energy loss and Li plating. Here, a class of EC‐free electrolytes that exhibits remarkable low‐temperature performance without compromising cell lifespan is reported. It is found that at sub‐zero temperatures, EC forms highly resistive SEI that seriously impedes electrode kinetics, whereas EC‐free electrolytes create a highly stable, low‐impedance SEI through anion decomposition, which boosts capacity retention and eliminates Li plating during charging. Pouch‐type LiCoO2 (LCO)|Gr cells with EC‐free electrolytes sustain 900 cycles at 25 °C with 1 C charge/discharge, and LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2 (NCA)|Gr cells last 300 cycles at −15 °C with 0.3 C charge, both among the best‐performing in the literature under comparable conditions. Even at −50 °C, the NCA|Gr cell with EC‐free electrolytes still delivers 76% of its room‐temperature capacity, outperforming EC‐based electrolytes.
Lithium‐Metal Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Industrialization
Authors: Kim Sujin , Park Gyuleen , Lee Seung Jong , Seo Samuel , Ryu Kyounghan , Kim Chang Hwan , Choi Jang Wook
Published: September 2022

Lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) are representative of post‐lithium‐ion batteries with the great promise of increasing the energy density drastically by utilizing the low operating voltage and high specific capacity of metallic lithium. LMBs currently stand at a point of transition at which the accumulation of knowledge from fundamental research is being translated into large‐scale commercialization. This review summarizes the available strategies for addressing the intrinsic shortcomings of LMBs, such as the suppression of dendritic growth and parasitic reactions from the material to the electrode to the cell level. The discussion pertaining to the cell level includes efforts and concerns relating to scaling up established knowledge and expertise with the view of commercialization. This review intends to encourage researchers in both fundamental research institutions and industry to make a synergistic effort and share their views comprehensively to ensure that LMB technology continues to evolve in harmony to become a mature technology.
Construction of Active Protein Materials: Manipulation on Morphology of Salmon Calcitonin Assemblies with Enhanced Bone Regeneration Effect
Authors: Wu Libin , Cheng Liang , Yang Jing , Yan Yufei , Zhang Ensong , Kochovski Zdravko , Li Long , Wang Zhen , Deng Lianfu , Lu Yan , Besenius Pol , Cui Wenguo , Chen Guosong
Published: September 2022

The effect of protein drugs is always limited by their relatively low stability and fast degradation property; thus, various elegant efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the protein drugs. Here, an alternative way is proposed to solve this problem. By simply adding a limited amount of small‐molecular regulator, which tunes the subtle balance of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and disulfide bond formation, the self‐assembly property of the protein drug can be regulated, forming an “active protein material” itself. This means that, the resulting biomaterial is dominated by the protein drug and water, with significantly enhanced bone regeneration effect compared to the virgin protein in vitro and in vivo, through multivalent effect between the protein and receptor and the retarded degradation of the assembled proteins. In this active protein material, the protein drug is not only the active drug, but also the drug carrier, which greatly increases the drug‐loading efficiency of the biomaterial, indicating the advantages of the easy preparation, high efficiency, and low cost of the active protein material with a bright future in biomedical applications.
Orthogonal Molecular Assembly: Eliminating Intrinsic Phonon Modes in Organic THz Generators
Authors: Kim Seung‐Jun , Seok Jin‐Hong , Yu In Cheol , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Won Tae , Shin Bong‐Rim , Yoon Ga‐Eun , Lee Yun‐Sang , Kim Jin Chul , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Jazbinsek Mojca , Kwak Sang Kyu , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil
Published: September 2022

This work reports a series of new organic electro‐optic salt crystals possessing unusual orthogonal dipole‐coupling assembly that act as dimple‐free THz generators. In the new crystals, optically anisotropic aromatic anions introducing highly electronegative fluorinated substituents are orthogonally assembled with optically anisotropic nonlinear optical benzothiazolium cations. These orthogonal cation–anion assembled crystals exhibit strong suppression of intrinsic THz phonon modes along the polar axis, which results in a wide THz absorption‐free range from 1.5 to 4.0 THz without substantial absorption peaks. This is sharply in contrast to previous benchmark crystals with parallel cation–anion assembly; for example, in analogous crystals, several strong absorption peaks appear in this frequency range. This absence of strong absorption peaks is attributed to the orthogonal cation–anion dipole coupling assembly, the formation of fluorinate‐induced strong interionic interactions, and a high packing ability of uniaxial anions. With top‐level macroscopic optical nonlinearity, new orthogonal‐dipole assembled crystals make dimple‐free THz wave generation possible in the range of about 1.5–4.0 THz, which is very beneficial for characterizing signature peaks related to molecular phonon motions of analytes in THz spectroscopy. Therefore, orthogonal molecular assembly of optically highly anisotropic molecules provides an efficient way to substantially reduce and control intrinsic THz phonon modes.
Newborn screening research sponsored by the NIH: From diagnostic paradigms to precision therapeutics
Authors: Minear Mollie A. , Phillips Megan N. , Kau Alice , Parisi Melissa A.
Published: September 2022

Newborn screening (NBS) is a successful public health initiative that effectively identifies pre‐symptomatic neonates so that treatment can be initiated before the onset of irreversible morbidity and mortality. Legislation passed in 2008 has supported a system of state screening programs, educational resources, and an evidence‐based review process to add conditions to a recommended universal newborn screening panel (RUSP). The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, has promoted NBS research to advance legislative goals by supporting research that will uncover fundamental mechanisms of disease, develop treatments for NBS disorders, and promote pilot studies to test implementation of new conditions. NICHD's partnerships with other federal agencies have contributed to activities that support nominations of new conditions to the RUSP. The NIH's Newborn Sequencing In Genomic Medicine and Public Health (NSIGHT) initiative funded research projects that considered how genomic sequencing could be integrated into NBS and its ethical ramifications. Recently, the workshop, “Gene Targeted Therapies: Early Diagnosis and Equitable Delivery,” has explored the possibility of expanding NBS to include genetic diagnosis and precision, gene‐based therapies. Although hurdles remain to realize such a vision, broad engagement of multiple stakeholders is essential to advance genomic medicine within NBS.
Pore Extractor 2D: An ImageJ toolkit for quantifying cortical pore morphometry on histological bone images, with application to intraskeletal and regional patterning
Authors: Cole Mary E. , Stout Sam D. , Dominguez Victoria M. , Agnew Amanda M.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Cortical porosity is used as a proxy of bone quality, fragility, and remodeling activity in anthropological contexts. Histological quantification is limited by time‐intensive manual annotation. Pore Extractor 2D is an ImageJ toolkit developed for computer‐assisted pore identification and automated pore morphometry.

Materials and Methods

Toolkit components include: (1) Utilities for cortical border clearing, (2) Image Pre‐Processing: Image contrast enhancement and noise reduction, (3) Pore Extractor: User‐directed options for segmenting, closing, and smoothing pore spaces, (4) Pore Modifier: Utilities to expedite manual correction of extracted pore spaces, and (5) Pore Analyzer: Morphometric analyses by pore type and anatomical region. Pore Extractor 2D was validated against manual annotation in a sample of midshaft mid‐thoracic human ribs (n = 30). Intraskeletal and regional analyses were piloted on matched (n = 9) human midshaft femora, tibiae, and sixth ribs.

Results

Pore Extractor 2D was statistically consistent with manual annotation of bone area, percent porosity, pore density, and mean pore size. The toolkit significantly (p < .05) reduced the smoothing effect of manual annotation by fitting pore borders to pixel brightness variations. Intraskeletal analyses found that the femur and tibia significantly exceeded the rib in “cortical” type porosity, while the rib predominantly formed “trabecularized” type porosity. Regional analyses determined that pore system expansion was elevated in the anterior femur, the anterior and medial tibia, and the cutaneous cortex of the rib.

Discussion

This toolkit provides expedited, semi‐automated porosity quantification that replicates manual annotation. Intraskeletal and regional variation in pore morphometry reflect localized strain patterning.
Simultaneous Photo‐Induced Magnetic and Dielectric Switching in an Iron(II)‐Based Spin‐Crossover Hofmann‐Type Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Yao Nian‐Tao , Zhao Liang , Sun Hui‐Ying , Yi Cheng , Guan Ya‐Hui , Li Ya‐Ming , Oshio Hiroki , Meng Yin‐Shan , Liu Tao
Published: September 2022

Molecular materials possessing photo‐tunable polarization switching is promising for optical switches, smart sensors, and data storage devices. However, it is challenging to devise a molecular material featuring simultaneous switchable magnetic and dielectric properties with regard to non‐invasive and convenient light stimulus. Herein, we report a new Hofmann‐type metal–organic framework (MOF) {Fe(bpt)[Pt(CN)4]} ⋅ 0.5anth (1, bpt=2,5‐bis(4‐pyridyl)thiophen; anth=anthracene), which displays thermo‐ and photo‐switchable magnetic and dielectric properties. Photo‐monitored structural analyses revealed that it was the photo‐induced deformation of FeII coordination sphere and relative movement of guest anthracene that resulted in the variation of the local electric dipoles. These findings provide a new strategy to realize polarization switching through the light‐induced spin crossover, and would be of fundamental significance for future photo‐switchable and multifunctional materials.
Chiral‐at‐Cage Carboranes for Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Aggregation‐Induced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Tong Jingjing , Cao Yue , Zhang Yi‐Wen , Wang Peng , Wang Penglong , Liao Xiang‐Ji , Zhang Weigang , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Pan Yi
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report the structures of chiral‐at‐cage carborane derivatives bearing carbazole chromophores that emit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). By adjusting the substituent positions on the carborane derivatives, two chiral luminescent molecules, Cb1 and Cb2, with different properties were obtained. The photoluminescence dissymmetry factors |gPL| of both (R/S)‐Cb1 and (R/S)‐Cb2 enantiomers in neat films were as high as 6.24×10−3and 7.38×10−3, respectively. Cb1 showed a deep blue emission peak at 434 nm inn‐pentane. Interestingly, distinct fluorescence and CPL spectra were observed in solvents of different polarities due to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect, suggesting its potential use in solvent recognition. Meanwhile, Cb2 exhibited good AIECL property, excellent ECL stability and could be used for determining dopamine concentrations, suggesting its potential applications in biology and diagnosis.
Intranuclear Nanoribbons for Selective Killing of Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Qiuxin , He Hongjian , Yi Meihui , Tan Weiyi , Guo Jiaqi , Xu Bing
Published: September 2022

Herein, we show intranuclear nanoribbons formed upon dephosphorylation of leucine‐rich L‐ or D‐phosphopeptide catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to selectively kill osteosarcoma cells. Being dephosphorylated by ALP, the peptides are first transformed into micelles and then converted into nanoribbons. The peptides/assemblies first aggregate on cell membranes, then enter cells via endocytosis, and finally accumulate in nuclei (mainly in nucleoli). Proteomics analysis suggests that the assemblies interact with histone proteins. The peptides kill osteosarcoma cells rapidly and are nontoxic to normal cells. Moreover, the repeated stimulation of the osteosarcoma cells by the peptides sensitizes the cancer cells rather than inducing resistance. This work not only illustrates a novel mechanism for nucleus targeting, but may also pave a new way for selectively killing osteosarcoma cells and minimizing drug resistance.
Origins of p‐Doping and Nonradiative Recombination in CsSnI3
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Zhong Yu
Published: September 2022

It is commonly believed that the spontaneous p‐doping in Sn‐based perovskites is caused by Sn vacancies. By performing rigorous first‐principles calculations for a prototypical Sn‐based perovskite CsSnI3, we reveal that, in fact, the defects dominating p‐doping are Cs vacancies. The reason that adding extra Sn2+ could reduce p‐doping is that Cs and Sn present the same changing trend in terms of chemical potentials, and thus inhibiting the formation of Sn vacancies will also limit the formation of Cs vacancies. Moreover, we show that I vacancies are the dominant nonradiative recombination centers, and can result in sizable nonradiative losses, which explains why the experimentally measured carrier lifetime is only a few nanoseconds even if p‐doping is suppressed. This work provides new insights into the origins of p‐doping and nonradiative recombination in CsSnI3, and suggests that minimizing the formation of Cs and I vacancies is critical to realizing the best device performance.
Modulating the Rise and Decay Dynamics of Upconversion Luminescence through Controlling Excitations
Authors: Han Yingdong , Gao Chao , Wei Tian , Zhang Kun , Jiang Zhang , Zhou Junhe , Xu Mengjiao , Yin Lisha , Song Feng , Huang Ling
Published: September 2022

Different from organic dye/quantum dot possessing one luminescent center, upconversion luminescence (UCL) is actually a statistic of temporal behaviors of countless individual activators. Our experimental results have shown that the rise and decay dynamics of UCL is directly associated with the relative contribution of sensitizer‐to‐activator energy transfer and energy migration among sensitizers, which can be physically modulated by simply tuning the excitation laser. Therefore, dynamic UCL with record‐wide 20‐fold lifetime, ≈70‐fold red‐to‐green intensity ratio, and reversibly definable emission color is easily realized by just modulating the excitation laser. Moreover, this generally applicable strategy only requires a simplest‐possible UCL system whereas prevalent material engineering such as complicated composition design, sophisticated core–shell construction, or tedious chemical synthesis, is no longer needed.
Exploring the Gas‐Phase Formation and Chemical Reactivity of Highly Reduced M8L6 Coordination Cages
Authors: Pfrunder Michael C. , Marshall David L. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Stovell Ethan G. , Loomans Benjamin I. , Blinco James P. , Blanksby Stephen J. , McMurtrie John C. , Mullen Kathleen M.
Published: September 2022

Coordination cages with well‐defined cavities show great promise in the field of catalysis on account of their unique combination of molecular confinement effects and transition‐metal redox chemistry. Here, three coordination cages are reduced from their native 16+ oxidation state to the 2+ state in the gas phase without observable structural degradation. Using this method, the reaction rate constants for each reduction step were determined, with no noticeable differences arising following either the incorporation of a C60‐fullerene guest or alteration of the cage chemical structure. The reactivity of highly reduced cage species toward molecular oxygen is “switched‐on” after a threshold number of reduction steps, which is influenced by guest molecules and the structure of cage components. These new experimental approaches provide a unique window to explore the chemistry of highly‐reduced cage species that can be modulated by altering their structures and encapsulated guest species.
Improving the wet adhesive bonding of bamboo urea‐formaldehyde adhesive using styrene acrylate by controlling monomer ratios
Authors: Wu Sai , Liang Lulu , Chen Furong , Yang Zheng , Zheng Yu , Wu Yitian , Li Lanze , Lou Gaobo , Dai Juntao , Pang Yajun , Chen Hao , Fang Qun , Shen Zhehong
Published: September 2022

The utilization of bamboo resources can significantly alleviate the wood shortage and facilitate CO2 neutralization. However, the adhesive bonding performance of bamboo is not ideal, which greatly limits its application. Therefore, the biggest challenge is to explore a simple and effective method to enhance the bonding between bamboo and adhesive. In this study, we synthesized three butyl acrylate‐styrene (BS) emulsions with different monomer ratios and incorporated them into urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins to prepare butyl acrylate‐styrene modified urea‐formaldehyde (BUF) adhesives. Results show that BS emulsion not only prolongs the workability time of UF adhesives (95 s–108 s), but also reduces the free formaldehyde content (0.38%–0.26%). Specifically, BS emulsion with the highest hard/soft monomer ratio makes BUF adhesive the lowest activation energy, showing the accelerated curing reaction. Specifically, the prepared laminated bamboo‐veneer lumber (LBVL) exhibits the best wet‐bonding strength and meets the Chinese National Standard, suggesting that BS emulsion with a higher hard/soft monomer ratio can enhance bonding performance. Thus, this efficient method can not only enhance various adhesive properties, but also improves the bonding performance on LVBL, which can greatly ease the shortage of wood resources and speed up the development of the bamboo industry.
Geometrical and Electronic Structure of Cation Radical Species of Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane: An Intermediate for Unique Electrochromic Behavior
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Fukagawa Reina , Sugawara Kazuma , Harimoto Takashi , Suzuki Takanori
Published: September 2022

Two tetraarylanthraquinodimethane (Ar4AQD) derivatives having two different aryl groups (aminophenyl and methoxyphenyl) were prepared by sequential dibromomethylation and Suzuki‐coupling reactions. X‐ray analyses showed that they adopt a folded structure in the neutral state whereas the corresponding dications have a planar anthracene ring, to which diarylmethylium units are perpendicularly attached. Different from Ar4AQD having the same substituents that undergoes facile two‐electron transfer during interconversion with the dicationic state, the intermediary cation radical becomes long‐lived in the newly prepared unsymmetric derivatives. The geometric and electronic structures of the open‐shell intermediates were elucidated through electrochemical and theoretical investigation, with revealing that the cation radicals adopt the twisted geometry like dications. Upon electrolyses of the dications, the twisted cation radicals were involved in the electrochromism whereas their steady‐state concentration is negligible in the oxidation process, thus realizing unique tricolor electrochromic behavior with a hysteretic pattern of color change (colorless ‐> purple ‐> blue ‐> colorless).
Undergraduate medical students' perceptions regarding stem cells: Is there a need for incorporating a stem cells elective course in the academic curriculum?
Authors: Khasawneh Ramada R. , Rub Ejlal Abu‐El
Published: September 2022

Stem cell therapy has recently progressed from the preclinical to the early clinical trial arena for a variety of diseases. Moreover, the medical students lack the deep and full understanding of its significance and potential as the promising future cure for diverse diseases worldwide. This study aims at evaluating the knowledge, awareness, and perception of medical students as far as stem cells applications are related in the medical field. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out using online questionnaires, which were distributed via e‐mail to cover all medical faculties in Jordan. The data show that medical students are supportive of using stem cells and their therapeutic applications, and most of them are willing and enthusiastically want to improve their knowledge about stem cells; however, due to the tight schedule and the lack of an elective course about stem cells in the curriculum, many of them are not ready to undergo further training in regenerative medicine unless it becomes part of the assigned training and part of the learning objectives for medical students. These findings indicated the need to update the medical school curriculum with new hits in medicine and expand the range of courses offered for medical students so they can be up‐to‐date with the quick advances in different medical disciplines.
Protein adsorption on core‐shell resins for flow‐through purifications: Effect of protein molecular size, shape, and salt concentration
Authors: Mi Xue , Wang Sheng‐Ching , Winters Michael A. , Carta Giorgio
Published: September 2022

This work addresses the functional properties of the core‐shell resins Capto Core 400 and 700 for a broad range of proteins spanning 66.5 to 660 kDa in molecular mass, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) in monomer and dimer form, fibronectin, thyroglobulin, and BSA conjugates with 10 and 30 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Negatively charged latex nanoparticles (NPs) with nominal diameters of 20, 40, and 100 nm are also studied as surrogates for bioparticles. Protein binding and its trends with respect to salt concentration depend on the protein size and are different for the two agarose‐based multimodal resins. For the smaller proteins, the amount of protein bound over practical time scales is limited by the resin surface area and is larger for Capto Core 400 compared with Capto Core 700. For the larger proteins, diffusion is severely restricted in Capto Core 400, resulting in lower binding capacities than those observed for Capto Core 700 despite the larger surface area. Adding 500 mM NaCl reduces the local bound protein concentration and diffusional hindrance resulting in higher binding capacities for the large proteins in Capto Core 400 compared with low ionic strength conditions. The NPs are essentially completely excluded from the Capto Core 400 pores. However, 20 and 40 nm NPs bind significantly to Capto Core 700, further hindering protein diffusion. A model is provided to predict the dynamic binding capacities as a function of residence time.
Effect of Reductive Treatment Duration on the Structure and Properties of Pd−Zn/C Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Acetylene Hydrogenation
Authors: Glyzdova Daria V. , Afonasenko Tatyana N. , Khramov Evgeny V. , Trenikhin Mikhail V. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Shlyapin Dmitry A.
Published: September 2022

Structural features of bimetallic Pd−Zn catalysts supported on Sibunit carbon material were studied by EXAFS, TEM, XRD and XPS methods, depending on the heat treatment conditions in hydrogen. It was found that supported particles of PdZn intermetallic compound of tetragonal structure are formed in all samples. An increase in the duration of catalyst reduction in H2 at 500 °C from 1 to 20 hours leads to an increase in the amount of PdZn intermetallic particles (dav=2–3 nm), which is confirmed by the increasing of the Pd−Zn coordination number from 2.4 to 4.3 and by the decreasing of the surface Pd0/PdZn ratio from 0.63 to 0.18. The observed changes in the nature and structure of active sites provide an increase in the ethylene selectivity of Pd−Zn/C catalysts in liquid‐phase acetylene hydrogenation.
Local Buckling of Compressed Cold‐Formed Lipped Channels via Buckling Mode Shapes
Authors: Vaszilievits‐Sömjén Bálint
Published: September 2022

The effective width method is the most well‐known approach to determine the resistance of cold‐formed members using design formulas, accounting for the effect of local and distortional buckling.

Local buckling is usually the most dominant failure mode of compressed C channels. The usual codified design method to calculate the buckling resistance by Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐3 proceeds through the determination of effective widths of compressed plates of the cross‐section. During this procedure the plates are considered separately, without consideration of possible interaction between each other. The Eurocode method assumes separately the pure load cases instead of considering the actual complex stress case, completed with possible bimoments and amplified second order stresses resulting from global imperfections.

This paper presents a method which works with the full set of actual normal stresses acting on the cross‐section. It is able to assign cross‐section level buckling modes calculated with the help of finite strip analysis for the relevant plates of a compressed C section. Assignment is based on the determination of deformation energy balance. Effective width is calculated using the Eurocode buckling curve, from the plate slenderness obtained using the critical multiplier of the assigned buckling mode, at the actual design load level.

The proposed method is part of a larger research project which aims to provide a complete Eurocode compatible design methodology considering local, distortional and global buckling of general shaped cold‐formed members subject to arbitrary loading and support condition, to be implemented in computer software programs working with 14DOF thin‐walled beam‐column finite element.
Post‐fire Residual Strength and Ductility of Structural Steels from Hollow Sections
Authors: Pons David , Lapuebla‐Ferri Andrés , Romero Manuel L.
Published: September 2022

Steel structures are severely affected by the extreme temperatures reached during a fire. After this, if the structure has not collapsed, the remaining elements can be reused if they are not excessively distorted or the material is still fit for service. In the last case, residual properties of steel must be adequate and fulfil the requirements of the current standards. On this matter, it is hypothesized that residual behaviour of steel not only depends on the highest temperature reached during the fire episode, but also on the load it was simultaneously bearing.

This work is focused on an experimental study on the post‐fire behaviour of structural steels. Specimens were cut from structural steel (S355) cold‐formed circular hollow sections (CHS) and subjected to a combination of tensile stress and high temperature. Afterwards, the specimens were cooled in air back to room temperature and, finally, load was increased until specimen failure. The obtained results allowed discussing on the residual yield strength, ultimate strength and stiffness of the steel, and a special focus was put on the residual ductility. The results of this work can provide a basis to the appraisal of steel structures after fire, supporting the further decision on its reinstatement or subsequent demolition.
Behaviour of Plate Girders with Intermediate Transverse Stiffeners – Experimental Investigation
Authors: Nascimento Sérgio , Santos Rafael , Pedro José Oliveira
Published: September 2022

Transverse stiffeners are used in slender steel plate girders along the span to give web lateral support and increase plate girder shear resistance. According to several studies, transverse stiffeners are primarily engaged in out‐of‐plane bending to laterally limit the edges of the panel as it buckles, rather than axial compression to anchor the tension field. As a result, the axial loading defined in EN 1993‐1‐5 [1] for the design of transverse stiffeners, based on tension field action, is usually deemed to be substantially larger than that observed in laboratory testing and numerical simulations. The test results of six plate girders loaded to failure, with slender webs and two transverse stiffener geometries, are presented. FE‐models that accurately replicate the tests provide a thorough view of the plate girder behaviour. The stiffeners internal forces are evaluated during plate girder loading up to failure. The transverse stiffener internal forces attained by both models are compared. It is confirmed that both the axial compression and the bending moment in the intermediate transverse stiffeners are much lower than the values prescribed by the EN 1993‐1‐5 [1].
Seismic Assessment and Strengthening of an Existing Non‐Conforming Multi‐Storey Steel Building
Authors: Milone Aldo , Tartaglia Roberto , D'Aniello Mario , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: September 2022

Existing steel structures show a wide variability in terms of structural conception and typology of adopted resisting systems. Moreover, these structures do not often comply with existing codes, showing severe structural inadequacies in many cases. An example of this type of buildings is the existing non‐conforming six‐storey steel building described in this article. The selected building features both Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) along its longitudinal direction and Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) in the transverse direction. The seismic performance of the investigated structure was assessed in accordance with Italian NTC2018 and EN1998‐3, showing unsatisfactory performance and rather poor capacity. Therefore, seismic upgrading solution was designed and its efficiency was assessed and compared to the performance of the original configuration.