bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Community Participation in Planning and Executing Malaria Interventions: Experience from Implementation of Biolarviciding for Malaria Vector Control in Southern Tanzania
Authors: Matindo Athuman Yusuph , Kalolo Albino , Kengia James Tumaini , Kapologwe Ntuli Angyelile , Munisi David Zadock
Published: September 2022

Background. Malaria remains a disease of great public health importance in 85 countries globally. Developing countries face resource constraints in implementing public health interventions aiming at controlling malaria. Promoting community participation may contribute to rational and effective use of resources and therefore facilitating achievement of intervention goals in a cost‐effective manner while fostering sustainability. However, this can be possible if the community is engaged at all stages of the intervention, from designing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of results. This study aimed at understanding community participation in the implementation of a biolarviciding intervention for malaria vectors control in Southern Tanzania. Methods. The current study adopted explanatory mixed method study design in collecting data. Quantitative data were collected from 400 community members and 12 vector control coordinators using structured questionnaire while qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews to 32 participants and in‐depth interviews to 5 vector control coordinators who were purposively selected from the 12 councils. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results. Of 400 community members, only 90 (22.5%) participated in biolarviciding implementation. Predictors of community participation were willingness to participate (AOR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.14 − 8.71, P value = 0.027) and community involvement (AOR = 6.07, 95%CI = 2.69 − 13.71, P value < 0.001). The study revealed that the main barriers to community participation were lack of effective involvement and lack of incentive to community volunteers while high willingness to participate was a facilitating factor for community participation. Conclusion. The study revealed low community participation in biolarviciding implementation in Southern Tanzania with willingness to participate and community involvement being the main predictors for community participation while lack of incentive to community volunteers was one major barrier to community participation. This explains the persistence of an unresolved challenge of community participation in malaria interventions. Therefore, more efforts are needed to improve the participation of community members in Malaria interventions through advocacy, awareness creation of respective roles, and responsibilities of the community members and fostering community ownership. Additionally, councils need to design customized motivation package for the community members.
Growth Rates of  Morphometric Variables in Approximately Linear Sections Using Lines in R3
Authors: Darghan Aquiles E. , Quevedo García Enrique , Gamboa Muñoz Sergio Esteban , Rivera Moreno Carlos Armando
Published: September 2022

Morphometric analyses have great potential for application in fruit crops, especially in the construction of indices that can be linked to biophysical and/or biochemical quantities of a physiological nature. For example, in peaches, it is convenient to establish quality attributes for harvest or postharvest, where usually the sigmoidal or double sigmoidal models describe the growth of some indicators. The nonlinear nature of this and other associated models sometimes makes it difficult to construct approximate growth rates, so instantaneous rates are used instead. The calculation of approximate rates in nonlinear models may be inappropriate due to aspects related to the phrase known as the “average fallacy.” In this research, different classification algorithms are applied to select the approximately linear phase present in various nonlinear models of variables or parameters used in the modeling of the growth of a crop. A 3D line model was fitted in the extracted section using the decomposition of singular values to generate a simple form of the growth rate. The application was illustrated with growth data of the equatorial and longitudinal diameters of peach fruits measured on different days after defoliation, using data from different elevations above sea level. The proposal simplifies obtaining some growth rates using nonconventional methods; in addition, it allows the comparison and adjustment of the model for the different elevations considered, which provides a novel way for the teaching of certain areas of applied mathematics in plant physiology.
Investigation on the Feasibility of Different Semicircular Bend Methods for Asphalt Concrete
Authors: An Xijie , Zhang Yangpeng , Li Lili , Guo Qinglin
Published: September 2022

Cracking of asphalt pavement is mostly caused by the mixed fracture of asphalt concrete. Determining a simple, repeatable, and accurate method is necessary for evaluating the fracture resistance of asphalt concrete. To explore the mixed fracture performance of asphalt concrete and determine the feasibility of different semicircular bend methods, the mixed fracture performances of asphalt concrete at medium and low temperatures were measured. The mixed fracture modes were realized through changing the position of the support and notch or changing the notch angle. After that, the crack propagating characteristics, crack initiation angle, and fracture toughness were analyzed. Results show that temperature has a significant impact on the fracture path, and crack initiation angle at low temperature follows the generalized maximum tangential stress (GMTS) theory. The measured fracture toughness ratios are lower than the theoretical value of GMTS criterion, but the established empirical model has higher accuracy. In the semicircular bend method, changing the positions of the support and notch is stable and repeatable. Therefore, this method may be preferred to evaluate the mixed fracture performance of asphalt concrete in the future.
NRF-2/HO-1 Pathway-Mediated SHOX2 Activation Is a Key Switch for Heart Rate Acceleration by Yixin-Fumai Granules
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Chen , Liu Yue , Ren Lu , Qi Jing , Yang Yang , Chen Wei , Yao Yingjia , Cai Xintong , Liu Zhuang , Hao Miao , Li Lingkang , Deng Zisu , Sun Mingyu , Lu Yongping , Chen Keyan , Hou Ping
Published: September 2022

Population aging has led to increased sick sinus syndrome (SSS) incidence; however, no effective and safe medical therapy has been reported thus far. Yixin-Fumai granules (YXFMs), a Chinese medicine granule designed for bradyarrhythmia treatment, can effectively increase SSS patients’ heart rate. Senescence-induced sinoatrial node (SAN) degeneration is an important part of SSS pathogenesis, and older people often show high levels of oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the SAN causes abnormal SAN pacing or conduction functions. The current study observed the protective effects of YXFMs on senescent SAN and explored the relationship between the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway, SHOX2, and T-type calcium channels. We selected naturally senescent C57BL/6 mice with bradycardia to simulate SSS; electrocardiography, Masson’s trichrome staining, and DHE staining were used to assess SAN function and tissue damage. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to assay related proteins. In vitro, we treated human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial myocytes (hiPSC-AMs) and mouse atrial myocyte-derived cell line HL-1 with D-galactose to simulate senescent SAN-pacemaker cells. CardioExcyte96 was used to evaluate the pulsatile function of the hiPSC-AMs, and the mechanism was verified by DCFH-DA, immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that YXFMs effectively inhibited senescence-induced SAN hypofunction, and this effect possibly originated from scavenging of ROS and promotion of NRF-2, SHOX2, and T-type calcium channel expression. In vitro experiment results indicated that ML385, si-SHOX2, LDN193189, and Mibefradil reversed YXFMs’ effects. Moreover, we, for the first time, found that ROS accumulation may hinder SHOX2 expression; YXFMs can activate SHOX2 through the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway-mediated ROS scavenging and then regulate CACNA1G through the SHOX2/BMP4/GATA4/NKX2-5 axis, improve T-type calcium channel function, and ameliorate the SAN dysfunction. Finally, through network pharmacology and molecular docking, we screened for the most stable YXFMs compound that docks to NRF-2, laying the foundation for future studies.
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Thermal Insulating Materials Used in Cold Regions Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Li Lingjie , Li Dongna , Zhu Xiaoming , Zhang Kun , Mu Yanhu
Published: September 2022

Thermal insulating materials (TIMs) are widely used in roadways, tunnels, airfields, pipeline systems, and buildings in cold regions to prevent infrastructure from freeze damages and reduce energy consumption. During the period of use in cold regions, however, seasonal freeze-thaw actions can cause degradation of thermal and mechanical properties of TIMs and even malfunctions. Lots of research has been carried out on the durability of TIMs under cyclic freeze-thaw (CFT), but comprehensive reviews are scarce at present. Based on a literature review, the state and development of the test apparatus, temperature controls for the CFT test, and changes in the thermal and mechanical characteristics of TIMs during the CFT operations were summarized in this study. The review shows that the CFT can damage the TIMs’ microstructure, which will result in an increase in the materials’ thermal conductivity and water absorption rate with a decrease in their mechanical strength. However, since the application scenarios of TIMs are various, there are significant differences in previous researches, especially the test conditions. These differences limited the applicability of the test results and make a barrier among researchers and engineers. Thus, a unified test method for the durability of TIMs under the CFTs should be established in the future.
Risks and Opportunities of High-Quality Development of Higher Education from the Perspective of ISO45001:2018
Authors: Bao Jiangdong , Li Yingxu , Bao Yu , Wang Xiucai , Hu Chaoju , Dong Ping
Published: September 2022

At present, the requirements of the high-quality development of higher education in China make the management and control of occupational health and safety risk in universities highly valued. However, the following problems perplexing the universities are people have always ignored the combination of the safety problems and risk management, and there are few studies on its health risk, which makes the management and control of occupational health and safety risk in universities far lag behind the pace of high-quality development of higher education. Therefore, it is very necessary to build a risk evaluation system for high-quality development of higher education with the help of ISO45001:2018 occupational health and safety management system tools. To reduce the degree of subjective assignment of weights by human evaluators, this study uses improved AHP and 2-tuple linguistic information method to evaluate the impact of eight factors such as safety risk management and health risk activities on the development of higher education. In addition, three-level indicators for each two-level indicator from the compliance of measures from multiple angles and batches. The results of this study will provide a valuable reference for the risk control and performance improvement (i.e., opportunity response) of higher education from the perspective of ISO45001:2018. It will also help to improve the connotation of relevant party management and promote the high-quality development of higher education.
Deep Learning-Based Medical Data Association Rules to Explore the Connectivity and Regulation Mechanism of miRNA-mRNA Network in Myocarditis
Authors: Li Fang , Li Jingzhe , Hao Jie , Liu Jinming , Zu XiuGuang , Wang Bin
Published: September 2022

Acute, chronic myocarditis as myocardial localized or diffuse inflammation lesions is usually involving cardiac function in patients with severe adverse outcomes such as heart failure, sudden death, and no unified, but its pathogenesis clinical is mainly composed of a number of factors including infection and autoimmune defects, such as physical and chemical factors; therefore, it is of great significance to explore the regulation mechanism of myocarditis-related miRNA network connectivity and temperament for in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of myocarditis and the direction of targeted therapy. Based on this, this study explored the miRNA network related to the pathogenesis of myocarditis through deep learning medical data association rules and analyzed its specific mechanism. The results showed that 39 upregulated miRNAs, 88 downregulated miRNAs, 109 upregulated differentially expressed miRNAs, and 589 downregulated mRNAs were obtained by data association through GSE126677 and GSE4172 databases. GO enrichment and KRGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. At the same time, the miRNA with differentially expressed miRNAs and their corresponding mRNAs were connected to further clarify the specific molecular mechanism of the pathological changes of myocarditis by constructing miRNA-mRNA network. It provides effective potential molecular targets for subsequent treatment and diagnosis.
Jamming Meets Antijamming: A Survey of GPS Communication Networks
Authors: Yang Yifan
Published: September 2022

GPS signal is fragile. With the development of GPS interference and anti-jamming technology, this paper tends to briefly describe the current classification of related interference technology and antijamming technology, analyze and summarize the current status of classical interference technology and antijamming technology, compare and analyze all kinds of current interference and antijamming technology, and prospect the future development of interference and antijamming technology.
RNA-Sequence Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of miR-149 on Osteoblast Skeleton under Mechanical Tension
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhu Guanyin , Pei Fang , Wang Yigan , Liu Jun , Lu Caixia , Zhao Zhihe
Published: September 2022

Objective. Based on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), the regulation of miRNAs differentially expressed in dental, periodontal, and alveolar bone tissue of orthodontic tree shrews on osteoblast skeleton under tension was investigated. Methods. Tree shrews were used to construct orthodontic models. We used RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in periodontal tissues of the treatment group and control group tree shrews. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for enrichment analysis. Human osteoblast MG63 was treated with 5000 U mechanical tension. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detected the expression of miR-149 and ARFGAP with SH3 domain, Ankyrin repeat, and Ph domain 3 (ASAP3) mRNA. Western blot detected the protein levels of ASAP3, F-actin, osteogenic markers bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Rhodamine phalloidin was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of F-actin. Validation of the targeting relationship between miR-149 and ASAP3 by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results. By performing miRNA-seq analysis on the dental and periodontal tissue of tree shrews in the treatment group and control group, we identified 51 upregulated miRNAs and 13 downregulated miRNAs. The expression of miR-149 in the dental and periodontal tissue of tree shrew and MG63 cells treated with mechanical tension was decreased, and miR-149 targeted ASAP3. Knockdown of ASAP3 inhibited the fluorescence intensity of F-actin in MG63 cells treated with 5000 U tension for 36 h, and overexpression of ASAP3 promoted the expression of F-actin and osteogenic markers BMP2 and RUNX2. Conclusions. These findings revealed that miR-149 could modulate osteoblast differentiation under orthodontics mechanical tension through targeting ASAP3.
Identification and Validation of Three-Gene Signature in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Transcriptome and Methylation Analysis
Authors: Li Guanghua , Wu Libo , Yu Jiaxing , Zhai Siyang , Deng Hailong , Wang Qiushi
Published: September 2022

Since DNA methylation (DNAm) is associated with the carcinogenesis of various cancers, this study aimed to explore potential DNAm prognostic signatures of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). First, transcriptomic and methylation profiles of LUSC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). DNAm-related genes were screened by integrating DNAm and transcriptome profiles via MethylMix package. Subsequently, a prognostic signature was conducted with the least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) Cox analysis. This signature combined with the clinicopathological parameters was then utilized to construct a prognostic nomogram via the rms package. A signature based on three DNAm-related genes claudin 1 (CLDN1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5 (ABCC5), and cystatin A (CSTA) that were hypomethylated and upregulated in LUSC was constructed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that this signature, combined with age and TNM.N stage, was significantly correlated with survival rate. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves suggested the nomogram constructed with age and TNM.N stage variables could accurately evaluate the 3- and 5-year outcome of LUSC. Finally, the average mRNA and protein expression levels of CLDN1, ABCC5, and CSTA in LUSC were verified to be significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues. Moreover, silencing CLDN1, ABCC5, and CSTA expressions could significantly reduce the carcinogenesis of the A549 cell line. The DNAm-driven prognostic signature consists of CLDN1, ABCC5, and CSTA incorporated with age and TNM. N stage could facilitate the prediction outcome of LUSC.
Laser-Driven Proton-Boron Fusions: Influences of the Boron State
Authors: Ning Xiaochuan , Liang Tianyi , Wu Dong , Liu Shujun , Liu Yangchun , Hu Tianxing , Sheng Zhengmao , Ren Jieru , Jiang Bowen , Zhao Yongtao , Hoffmann Dieter H. H. , He X.T. , Batani Dimitri
Published: September 2022

The proton-boron (p 11 B) reaction is regarded as
the holy grail of advanced fusion fuels, where the primary reaction produces
3 energetic α particles. However, due to the high
nuclear bounding energy and bremsstrahlung energy losses, energy gain from
the p 11 B fusion is hard to achieve in thermal fusion
conditions. Owing to advances in intense laser technology, the
p11 B fusion has drawn renewed attention by using
an intense laser-accelerated proton beam to impact a boron-11 target. As one
of the most influential works in this field, Labaune et al. first
experimentally found that states of boron (solid or plasma) play an
important role in the yield of α particles. This
exciting experimental finding rouses an attempt to measure the nuclear
fusion cross section in a plasma environment. However, up to now, there is
still no quantitative explanation. Based on large-scale, fully kinetic
computer simulations, the inner physical mechanism of yield increment is
uncovered, and a quantitative explanation is given. Our results indicate the
yield increment is attributed to the reduced energy loss of the protons
under the synergetic influences of degeneracy effects and collective
electromagnetic effects. Our work may serve as a reference for not only
analyzing or improving further experiments of the p 11
B fusion but also investigating other beam-plasma systems, such as
ion-driven inertial confinement fusions.
Advances in CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Zhu Youmin
Published: September 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has become the most examined gene editing technology in recent years due to its simple design, yet low cost, high efficiency, and simple operation, which can also achieve simultaneous editing of multiple loci. It can also be carried out without using plasmids, saving lots of troubles caused by plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 has shown great potential in the study of genes or genomic functions in microorganisms, plants, animals, and human beings. In this review, we will examine the history, structure, and basic mechanisms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, describe its great value in precision medicine and sgRNA library screening, and dig its great potential in a new field: DNA information storage.
Psychological and Functional Impact of a Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Diagnosis: A Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of the Patient Journey
Authors: Jelen Maria B. , Clarke Rosemary E. , Jones Bethany , Toma Ahmed K. , Pandit Anand S.
Published: September 2022

Background

Following a diagnosis of a small unruptured intracranial aneurysm (sUIA), patients often experience psychological ailments which may be attributable to the neurovascular consultation, referral pathway, or long‐term imaging surveillance. Here, we aim to characterize the early sUIA patient journey and evaluate their psychosocial status.

Methods

A mixed‐methods analysis of sUIA patients attending a large tertiary neurosciences center was performed. For patients presenting to the neurovascular service in 2020, this included: (i) a thematic analysis of patient perspectives extracted from semistructured telephone interviews, (ii) a quantitative assessment of psychological status using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and (iii) an evaluation of functional independence using a customized activity of daily living questionnaire. The relationship between service or clinical factors, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscale scores was statistically tested.

Results

The sUIA patient cohort (n=105) had a mean age of 56.8 years (SD=15.8, female=69). Thematic analysis of interview responses (n=33) identified 5 recurrent themes underpinning the sUIA patient experience: referral, diagnosis and information sharing, imaging surveillance, psychological impairment and coping strategies, and activities of daily living, all of which contributed to patient concerns. A total of 53.6% of patients achieved a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score signifying at least mild anxiety and/or depression. Lifestyle changes most frequently affected after diagnosis included avoidance of straining‐intensive exercise, change in patterns of substance use, and work‐related performance. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant service or clinical predictors for anxiety or depression.

Conclusion

For some patients, an sUIA diagnosis appears to be associated, at least qualitatively, with a psychological burden. This is likely mediated through stressors related to the referral, diagnosis, neurosurgical consultation, and image surveillance. In the absence of evidence‐based guidelines regarding these aspects of the early patient journey, we offer suggestions aimed at improving both the neurovascular service and sUIA patient experience.
Jewish Conversion in the Riots of 1391: The Legal Justification
Authors: Yahalom Shalem
Published: September 2022

This study presents the halakhic rulings that preceded the riots of 1391 in Spain and provided the moral infrastructure that allowed the conversion to Catholicism of Rabbi Isaac ben Sheshet Perfet (known by the acronym Rivash) and many other Jews. Rivash was willing broadly to define duress, which exempts one from halakhic obligations. The rulings Rivash attributed to Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet (known by the acronym Rashba) – that the commandment “He shall live by them” applies even when a Jew is forced under the threat of death to abandon his faith and that the choice of martyrdom is a secondary religious commandment – were both revolutionary statements. They provided legitimacy to the religious elite – and, as a matter of course, to the simple folk – to choose life, even if it required converting to Christianity.
Imperial Screens: The Illusion of Cosmopolitanism in the Netflix Documentary Genre
Authors: Enzerink Suzanne
Published: September 2022

This essay investigates the worldly parameters of the Netflix documentary genre. While Netflix on the surface communicates a rhetoric of a truly global vision for media production and circulation, data analysis shows that the documentary genre is still predominantly U.S. American. I use Raymond Williams’ 1975 caution that “genuinely open skies” would be almost impossible to materialize to interpret the implications of this in today’s global landscape. A close analysis of the 2019 Academy Award-winning documentary American Factory, a text that takes the cultural clash between the U.S. and China in the wake of globalization as its subject, reveals the geopolitical stakes of such documentary mediation and imbalance. Combining quantitative and qualitative readings ultimately offers a window onto the tensions between cultural imperialism and globalization in both form and content within the Netflix documentary genre.
Streaming Giants Carve New Paths in India: The Rise of Female Production, Content, and Consumption
Authors: Shields Amber
Published: September 2022

This article examines how through their competitive drive to expand in India’s rapidly growing market, the streaming services Netflix and Amazon Prime are contributing to a shift in the country’s media production and content by opening up the market to more women creators and consumers. Beginning by looking at production shifts, this article will then explore how these shifts are impacting content. Streaming series examined here will include Netflix’s Bombay Begums (Alankrita Shrivastava, 2021) and Masaba Masaba (Ashvini Yardi, 2020) and Amazon Prime’s Four More Shots Please! (Rangita Pritish Nandy, 2019–2020) and Made in Heaven (Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti, 2019). All these shows not only center on female protagonists, but are created, written, and directed by women. Just as the new possibilities of multiplex cinema impacted mainstream cinema as filmmakers crossed between the alternative and multiplex markets and the mainstream, this shift has the potential to have ramifications in further content creation and will be something to watch as the streaming service sector continues to grow in India.
Romanian Film for the World: the Cultural Embedding of an Independent vod
Authors: Parvulescu Constantin
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the catalog, acts of curation, and promotional materials of the Romanian-based vod platform Cinepub (www.cinepub.ro). It also draws evidence from an interview conducted with the founder and manager of the platform, Lucian Georgescu. The analysis reveals the embedding of the service in the Romanian cinema culture, as well as in a global digital periphery. Some of the aspects that make Cinepub’s service stand out, the article argues, can be interpreted as responses to and reflections of its embedding. The broader question raised by my case study is to what extent and under what conditions vods from the European periphery can become viable actors on present-day markets.
The Impact of Dropsonde Data on the Performance of the NCEP Global Forecast System during the 2020 Atmospheric Rivers Observing Campaign. Part I: Precipitation
Authors: Lord Stephen J. , Wu Xingren , Tallapragada Vijay , Ralph F. M.
Published: September 2022

The impact of assimilating dropsonde data from the 2020 Atmospheric River (AR) Reconnaissance (ARR) field campaign on operational numerical precipitation forecasts was assessed. Two experiments were executed for the period from 24 January to 18 March 2020 using the NCEP Global Forecast System, version 15 (GFSv15), with a four-dimensional hybrid ensemble–variational (4DEnVar) data assimilation system. The control run (CTRL) used all the routinely assimilated data and included ARR dropsonde data, whereas the denial run (DENY) excluded the dropsonde data. There were 17 intensive observing periods (IOPs) totaling 46 Air Force C-130 and 16 NOAA G-IV missions to deploy dropsondes over targeted regions with potential for downstream high-impact weather associated with the ARs. Data from a total of 628 dropsondes were assimilated in the CTRL. The dropsonde data impact on precipitation forecasts over U.S. West Coast domains is largely positive, especially for day-5 lead time, and appears driven by different model variables on a case-by-case basis. These results suggest that data gaps associated with ARs can be addressed with targeted ARR field campaigns providing vital observations needed for improving U.S. West Coast precipitation forecasts.
Modernizing Leviathan: Carceral Reform and the Struggle for Legitimacy in Brazil’s Espírito Santo State
Authors: Santos Maria-Fátima
Published: September 2022

Incarceration has become naturalized as a primary mode of punishment within the penal systems of modern states across the globe. This study examines how states develop the capacity to execute incarceration as a routine state function. I argue that rationalization and bureaucratization are key for transforming carceral enclosures into a naturalized feature of states’ routine exercise of coercion. I develop this argument through analysis of a dynamic case of carceral modernization in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (2003 to 2014). I analyze the significance of coordinated violence and performative strategies for rulers to extend administrative capacity to incarceration and transform confinement into a legitimate and legitimizing instrument of state power. Findings demonstrate how coercive practices and other modes of violence that state authorities come to narrate as illegitimate are not antithetical to modernization. Rather, they become constitutive of the very process of consolidating and legitimizing rational-legal modes of administration that routinely exercise violence while more effectively being misrecognized as such. By extending inquiry to how states develop the administrative capacity to exercise penal power, this analysis makes several contributions to the political sociology of punishment and theories of state-building.
Racial Disparities in Administration of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Severe Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Zebley James A. , Estroff Jordan M. , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Bass Gary Alan , Cao Yang , Quintana Megan T. , Sarani Babak , Mohseni Shahin
Published: September 2022

Background

Race is associated with differences in quality of care process measures and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma patients. We aimed to investigate if racial disparities exist in the administration of VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients.

Methods

We queried the Trauma Quality Improvement Project database from 2017 to 2019. Patients ages ≥16 years old with ISS ≥15 were included. Patients with no signs of life on arrival, any AIS ≥6, hospital length of stay <1 day, anticoagulant use before admission, or without recorded race were excluded. Patients were grouped by race: white, black, Asian, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. The association between VTE prophylaxis administration and race was determined using a Poisson regression model with robust standard errors to adjust for confounders.

Results

A total of 285,341 patients were included. Black patients had the highest rates of VTE prophylaxis exposure (73.8%), shortest time to administration (1.6 days), and highest use of low molecular weight heparin (56%). Black patients also had the highest incidence of deep vein thrombosis (2.8%) and pulmonary embolism (1.4%). Black patients were 4% more likely to receive VTE prophylaxis than white patients [adj. IRR (95% CI): 1.04 (1.03-1.05), P < .001]. American Indians were 8% less likely to receive VTE prophylaxis [adj. IRR (95% CI): .92 (.88-.97), P < .001] than white patients. No differences between white and Asian or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients existed.

Discussion

While black patients had the highest incidence of DVT and PE, they had higher administration rates and earlier initiation of VTE prophylaxis. Further work can elucidate modifiable causes of these differences.
Adolescent self-efficacy mediates the relationship between perceived parenting practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in the FLASHE study
Authors: Orlowski Marietta , Shermadou Sumayyah , Lee Miryoung , Hinson-Enslin Amanda , Nahhas Ramzi W
Published: September 2022

Objective:

In the USA, few adolescents meet the national recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). This study examined the associations between two perceived food parenting practice scales (Promote and Ensure FVC Intake) and adolescent FVC, and assessed whether these associations were mediated by adolescent self-efficacy.

Design:

The study took the form of a secondary data analysis of publicly available data from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study (FLASHE), a cross-sectional, Internet-based study administered by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) between April and October 2014.

Methods:

Data from 1,354 parent–adolescent dyads were analysed. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct mediation analyses to estimate the indirect effect (IE) of each parenting practice on FVC through adolescent self-efficacy, adjusted for parental and adolescent characteristics. In addition, we examined whether adolescent age, gender, race/ethnicity or weight status moderated the mediation model.

Results:

The IEs were each statistically significant (Promote FV Intake: IE = 0.063, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI] = 0.046, 0.080; Ensure FV Intake: IE = 0.014, 95% bootstrap CI = 0.004, 0.024; p < .05 each), indicating significant mediation by adolescent self-efficacy. However, no adolescent characteristics moderated the effects of parenting practices on FVC through self-efficacy.

Conclusions:

Interventions should continue to promote parenting skills to improve adolescent self-efficacy and FVC. Insufficient evidence for moderation of the mediation effect by adolescent age, sex, race/ethnicity or weight status implies that the significant relationship between food parenting practices and FVC, mediated by self-efficacy, may operate similarly for adolescents that differ in each of these characteristics.
The Function of Connection: Examining Social Supports in the Lives of Parentally Bereaved Youth
Authors: Schaefer Lauren M. , Howell Kathryn H. , Jamison Lacy E. , Napier Taylor R.
Published: September 2022

Through reflexive thematic analysis, this study explored three forms of social support in the lives of parentally bereaved youth: support derived from one’s spirituality, caregiver support via parent-child communication, and therapist support from grief counseling ( N = 30 youth, M age = 12.5 years, SD = 2.8 years). Results showed that these sources of support serve varied and vital functions in the lives of parentally bereaved youth. Namely, the benefits of grief counseling and spirituality were consistently identified by youth as critical in facilitating their coping with the loss of a parent; while parent-child communication regarding the deceased varied widely, highlighting the need for additional supports beyond their surviving caregiver. Findings also revealed differences among these supports across youth gender, race, ethnicity, and age. Adolescents were more likely to disengage from counseling services and reported less parental and spiritual support. Males and minoritized youth experienced more benefits from spiritual and therapist supports.
Green capitalism, climate change and the technological fix: A more-than-human assessment
Authors: Fox Nick J.
Published: September 2022

Green capitalism is an approach that attempts to use free-market mechanisms to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Its advocates argue that the market supplies the best means to innovate technological solutions that can compete with existing polluting practices. Using a relational, post-anthropocentric and materialist ontology, this article analyses the micropolitics underpinning the capitalist market economy in terms of production and market assemblages and the affective forces within them. This novel approach reveals previously overlooked more-than-human affects within these capitalist assemblages. These affects generate the unintended and inevitable consequences of a capitalist economic framework: growth, waste and inequalities. Based on this micropolitical assessment, the article uses the example of the electric car to conclude that green capitalism is inadequate to address the climate crisis, and offers an alternative approach.
Effect of needle loops on shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding knitted fabrics
Authors: He Sijia , Liu Zhe , Wang Haoyu , Wang Xiuchen
Published: September 2022

Knitted electromagnetic shielding fabric is widely used for its excellent extensibility and permeability. However, the influence law and mechanism of the effect of needle loops on the shielding effectiveness of fabrics is still unclear. In this paper, we designed five kinds of knitted fabrics. They are plain single jersey, ‘1 × 1’ rib knitted fabric, ‘2 × 2’ rib knitted fabric, interlock knitted fabric, and full Milano structure. The shielding effectiveness adopts the flange coaxial test. Based on the electromagnetic theory principle, the influence law and mechanism of needle loop arrangement form, needle loop length, metal material, and metal amount on the shielding effectiveness of knitted fabrics were analyzed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the arrangement of needle loops dramatically influences the frequency band and shielding performance of knitted fabrics. When there is fewer intermeshing points of needle loops, the less is the shielding effectiveness of the fabric. The needle loop’s length mainly affects the shielding effectiveness of knitted fabric. The small needle loop length has great shielding effectiveness on knitted fabric. Metallic yarns with high amounts and low -resistance are beneficial for improving the shielding effect of the clothing. It provides a reference for the design, production, and related research of electromagnetic shielding knitted fabrics.
Qualified nano-composite yarn for hydrophobic fabric via online nano- and micron-fiber composite spinning
Authors: Qi Shuo , Xu Ao , Liu Jiaxin , Xia Zhigang
Published: September 2022

The fiber micro-leveled diameter limits the ultimate cohesion between twisted fibers of conventional yarn. Electrospun nanofibers have a large specific surface area, high surface energy and massive active sites. However, the application of nanofibers is limited by their ultra-fine diameter, low absolute strength, and poor wear resistance. To take advantage of the micro and nanofibers, a spinning method of online twisting polyurethane nanofibers and micron cotton fibers together was proposed to form a core-sheath nano-composite yarn. The experimental spinning result and its analysis showed that the composite yarn sheath was wrapped with highly orientated nanofibers, endowing the yarn with super-smooth properties (3 mm hairiness number averaged as only 0.9) and super-hydrophobic function (contact angle 112.1°). Furthermore, other properties of spun yarns were also improved after online nano-composition such as yarn strength (5.53% stronger than conventional yarn) and unevenness (30.36% lower than conventional yarn).
Quantum chemistry calculation and experimental research on the component proportion of black disperse dye
Authors: Qiu Jingsi , Liu Yue
Published: September 2022

Black is a special color that has achromatic characteristics and shows a sought-after sense of mystery. Most of the black disperse dyes are compounded with multiple dyes. In this paper, a quantum chemical calculation method based on density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory was proposed to predict the components’ proportion of black disperse dye. C.I. disperse blue 291, C.I. disperse red 73, and C.I. disperse orange 61 were selected as components of this black dye. After structure optimization and vertical excitation calculation of many other disperse dyes, and experimental tests of the maximum absorption wavelength of ultraviolet-visible, an equation between the calculated values and the experimental values was obtained by multiple regression analysis. This equation was used to correct the calculated spectrum of each target component. Then the combined spectrum of the three dyes was used to establish the prediction equation set, and the mixing proportion was calculated from this. Through verification of dyeing experiments and related tests, the new method in this study has a good result on the components’ proportion prediction of black disperse dye.
Utilization of Evidence-based Intervention Criteria in U.S. Federal Grant Funding Announcements for Behavioral Healthcare
Authors: Lee-Easton Miranda J. , Magura Stephen , Maranda Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Recent U.S. federal government policy has required or recommended the use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), so that it is important to determine the extent to which this priority is reflected in actual federal solicitations for intervention funding, particularly for behavioral healthcare interventions. Understanding how well such policies are incorporated in federal opportunity announcements (FOAs) for grant funding could improve compliance with policy and increase the societal use of evidence-based interventions for behavioral healthcare. FOAs for discretionary grants (n = 243) in fiscal year 2021 were obtained from the Grants.gov website for 44 federal departments, agencies and sub-agencies that were likely to fund interventions in behavioral health-related areas. FOAs for block/formula grants to states that included behavioral healthcare (n = 17) were obtained from the SAM.gov website. Across both discretionary and block grants, EBIs were required in 60% and recommended in 21% of these FOAs for funding. Numerous different terms were used to signify EBIs by the FOAs, with the greatest variation occurring among the block grants. Lack of adequate elaboration or definition of alternative EBI terms prominently characterized FOAs issued by the Department of Health and Human Services, although less so for those issued by the Departments of Justice and Education. Overall, 43% of FOAs referenced evidence-based program registers on the web, which are scientifically credible sources of EBIs. Otherwise, most of the remaining elaborations of EBI terms in these FOAs were quite brief, often idiosyncratic, and not scientifically vetted. The FOAs generally adhered to federal policy requiring or encouraging the use of EBIs for funding requests. However, an overall pattern showing lack or inadequate elaboration of terms signifying EBIs makes it difficult for applicants to comply with federal policies regarding use of EBIs for behavioral healthcare.
The invention of the European legal tradition and the narrative of rights
Authors: Tuori Kaius
Published: September 2022

Before the Second World War, the concept of Europe was a secondary moniker in a nationalistic world, which made the post-war rise of Europe and European legal heritage as concepts remarkable development. The idea of European integration was in part a post-war reaction to the ultranationalism touted by totalitarian regimes such as Nazi Germany or Fascist Italy. In a few years after the war, there emerged a new theory which argued that Roman law provided the foundation for a common European legal heritage, as well as a basis for future integration. This contribution explores the emergence of this idea and traces its history from the 1930s to the present, equally by scholars working in Europe and those who were exiled in the United States, arguing that with the rise of human rights instruments it created a foundation for the European narrative of rights that was a key part of the legitimation of European integration. This article demonstrates how these narratives of Roman law legitimated changing conceptions of European self-understanding and self-definition by engaging in a type of heritage discourse where the past was seen as a framework for the future.
The role of hyaluronic acid in polidocanol foam: An in vitro study
Authors: Ziyi Liu , Xuanxuan Shi , Dongjian Li , Azmoun Sajjad , Shaohua Liu
Published: September 2022

Objective

To study the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in polidocanol (POL) foam.

Methods

The dose-dependent effect of HA-POL on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as foam stability was evaluated by measuring optical density (OD) values and foam half-life time (FHT), respectively. An in vitro model was utilized for estimating the foam blood-displacement capacity by adopting maximum displacement distance (MDD) and displacement time. A comparison of foam viscosity was also carried out.

Results

The OD values of HUVECs treated with HA first increased and then decreased with the growing dosage of HA while cells treated with HA-POL died. Both FHT and displacement time were prolonged statistically with a gradually enhanced foam viscosity. As to MDD, there were no significant differences.

Conclusions

HA was found to promote HUVECs proliferation slightly, but this was almost negligible when compared to the cell-killing capacity of 1% POL. The viscosity of POL foam was enhanced by HA indicating its positive correlation with both stability and displacement capacity of POL foam.
Love Luxury, Love the Earth: An Empirical Investigation on How Sustainable Luxury Consumption Contributes to Social-Environmental Well-Being
Authors: Pai Chu-Yen , Laverie Debra , Hass Ashley
Published: September 2022

Global luxury markets are thriving, and many consumers love purchasing luxury goods. Meanwhile, the public concern for sustainability is at an all-time high. More firms are providing sustainable market offerings; therefore, studying social-environmental well-being is imperative for macromarketing. Our research answers the call for attention to the influence of marketing on consumer well-being via sustainable consumption. This study investigates how sustainability and craftsmanship influence social-environmental well-being through brand authenticity, self-appraisal, reflected appraisal, and self-esteem in sustainable luxury consumption. We surveyed 400 consumers, and the results offer empirical support for our proposed theoretical model. The findings validate the view that sustainability and luxury are compatible. We offer evidence of the value of sustainability and craftsmanship for authentic luxury brands that produce market offerings which elevate social-environmental well-being. Our research indicates we can love both luxury and the earth, supporting transformative luxury momentum to enhance social-environmental well-being.
The Curation of Music Discovery: The Presentation of Unfamiliar Classical Music on Radio, Digital Playlists and Concert Programmes
Authors: Chambers Simon
Published: September 2022

The way in which platforms curate and assemble the music they present plays an important role in mediating fields of artistic practice to audiences. The different curatorial logics of platforms help shape the way audiences understand the contours of a field of creative practice and the extent to which they are exposed to novel and unfamiliar sounds. This article draws on a large-scale content analysis of how classical music is represented on each of radio, digital playlists and live concert programming to investigate the degree to which each platform supports audiences to engage with unfamiliar music. Incorporating novel approaches to measuring familiarity, the results demonstrate that concerts provide the most diverse and varied programming, whereas digital playlists assemble the most homogeneous musical landscape for listeners. As audiences increasingly shift to digital platforms, these curatorial patterns have significant implications for artistic practices by limiting opportunities for less established and more esoteric voices.