bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ideology of Stephen Hawking’s speech entitled “The universe’’ on Ted Talks
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Sakinah Yanik Lailinas
Published: November 2021

A speech become a media to deliver an idea and thoughts which lead someone to show an ideology which reflected on the utterances. The aim of this research was find out the Ideology of Stephen Hawking that was reflected on his speech entitled ‘The Universe’ which uploaded on TEDTalks through the use of illocutionary act. The research method used was descriptive qualitative to get deep analysis by using note taking technique and the data was analyzed by using an approach of critical discourse analysis by Fairclough. This research utilized Speech Act by Austin (1962 and Searle (1977). The results showed that Stephen gave a lot of information from what he has known and proved about the universe then emphasized to the viewer that Big Bang is the beginning of the universe. It is supported by illocutionary act which used by Stephen Hawking, about 33,33% from the whole utterances the speaker used representative illocutionary act in act of informing.
Pergeseran makna kata lucu pada media sosial Twitter
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Rasendriya Tarissa , Siswanto Annisa Inawati ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Putri Hanifah Yulia ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Fathurrohman Muhammad Wildan ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: November 2021

A shift in word meaning is a term that explain the phenomenom of a word which its meaning has been distincted from the perspective of the original. The article is talking about a shift the meaning of a word funny that right now is different from its lexical meaning in KBBI. The purpose of this research is to describe a shift the meaning of the word funny that has been found on social media Twitter. The study was carried out with the theory used the semantics changes of the meanings. This research is diversified as a descriptive qualitative while the data that has being analyzed formed in sentences which contain the word funny. The source of the data for this research was taken from Twitter. Furthermore, the data was being analyzed using a method by agih and techniques of the basis for direct element (BUL). The result of this research indicating that the word funny has shifts its meaning from ‘evoked laughter’ to ‘express admiration’ and ‘emphasize odd things’.
Ketidakadilan gender dalam budaya Jawa dan Papua yang tercermin lewat novel Gadis Pantai dan novel Tanah Tabu: Kajian sastra bandingan
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Dewanty Maria Sthefanny Putri
Published: November 2021

This article talks about the social class of women or what is commonly known as feminism that occurs in Java and Papua. The problem addressed in this article is to compare how gender injustice is experienced by women in Java and also in Papua. Where the geographical location of each region has a major influence on the value of feminism. The social environment in which they live greatly influences the life that is lived by women. This research was conducted using descriptive-qualitative methods. How does the author explain in detail that these women are described by each novel. How were women at that time very obedient to this gender inequality. It seems that their natures are very low compared to men. This difference is very obvious because indeed women are only used as a tool to satisfy lust. The data collection technique used was reading and listening through novels. With this data collection technique, conclusions will be drawn from the two contents of the novel. In these two novels, they are told in great detail about their struggle to get their rights as a woman. Women who are always looked down upon and weak. Their struggle to become other, which aims to strengthen themselves so that they are more familiar with and confident in themselves as a "woman". The author tries to describe the differences between the struggles of a woman in the two novels.
Google classroom : An online platform for teaching English
Authors:   STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung, Hastomo Tommy , Istiara Febriyantina ,   STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung, Nurchurifiani Eva ,   STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung
Published: November 2021

In the development of the internet era, classroom learning changes from traditional teaching to online learning. The purpose of this research is to report action research that was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of google classroom on students’ learning performance in STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung. The participants were 25 students studying English. The researchers conducted some exercises, discussions, quizzes, and activities on Google Classroom based on three lesson plans that were applied to teach the students in the writing course. Analysis of students’ second writing shows a significant improvement in students’ writing. The students have positive perceptions towards using Google Classroom in language learning based on a post-treatment questionnaire result.
Teknik penerjemahan ungkapan sindiran pada subtitle serial televisi netflix: Bridgerton
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Darmawati Dwita , Sajarwa Sajarwa ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: November 2021

This article is a descriptive qualitative study. The aims of this study are to identify types of satirical expression and identify the translation techniques used to translate the satirical expression found in serial television subtitle entitled ‘Bridgerton’. The utterance contains satirical expression found in 5 episodes of the serial television used as data in this research—the data obtained through content analysis. There are four types of satirical expression analyzed in this research; irony, satire, cynicism and sarcasm. Furthermore, the result suggests that there are 66 data of satire, 49 data of cynicism, 29 data of sarcasm, and 27 data of irony. On the other hand, there are 13 translation techniques applied in translating the utterance of satirical expression. The most dominant technique used is reduction (29) followed by discursive creation (23), established equivalent (23), literal translation (22), compensation (21), linguistic compression (20), transposition (14), modulation (8), linguistic amplification (4), borrowing (3), particularization (2), adaptation (1), dan substitution (1). The use of reduction technique is to shorten the subtitles that appear on the screen.
Transformasi cerpen Jendela Rara ke film Rumah Tanpa Jendela menggunakan kajian struktural
Authors:   Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Apriyanti Dila , Hilma Esa ,   Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Hartati Dian ,   Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Published: November 2021

Short story is a literary work that serves either to assist for entertaining or to give life values of the story itself. Besides, it is known as a prose work due to having a short-term story. The two short stories entitled “Jendela Rara'' and “Rumah Tanpa Jendela”, written by Asma Nadia, attracted the author's attention to conduct recent study towards those works. They have been adapted from short story to movie, hence, readers can obtain a structural comparison, especially intrinsic values and life values that are contained in the stories. The recent study was designed by using descriptive qualitative with structural approach to describe intrinsic elements that form the literary work. The research data was in quotation form (word, phrase, and sentence) which is related to the problems of “Jendela Rara'' short story and “Rumah Tanpa Jendela” movie. The researcher used the document analysis technique for collecting the research data. Moreover, the data analysis technique used by the researcher was a flow analysis technique, which consisted of three elements such as, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion verification. The data result formed as a structural analysis while experiencing a transformation from a short story and film.
Assessment of the Degree of Guilt of the Participants in an Industrial Incident at Hazardous Production Facilities of the Oil and Gas Complex
Authors:   RGU of Oil and Gas (NIU) named after I.M. Gubkin, Fomina E.E.
Published: November 2021

In the analyzed materials of industrial incidents investigations, there is an incomplete volume of the established facts of the incidence and the causes of its occurrence. Often, when establishing the causes of incidents, biased decisions are made to establish the degree of guilt of the injured person in case of his gross negligence (from 5 to 100 %). The reason for this is the lack of regulatory and methodological documents regulating the procedures for establishing the fact of gross negligence and assessing the degree of guilt of the injured person as a percentage in an industrial incident. All this leads to an increase in the court proceedings, causing moral and material harm to the injured persons. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of guilt of the injured person (insured) in case of his gross negligence based on of the equity principle of all the persons established by the commission for the investigation of an industrial incident in violation of the occupational safety requirements. The methodology is based on the methods of expert, point estimates and methods of incident analysis. Using this methodology, based on the materials of the investigation of a serious personal injury — the fall from the height that occurred with the driver of the tanker as a result of slipping on the slippery surface without the use of personal protective equipment, the main and related reasons of the incident were identified, the degree of guilt of the injured person and other participants of the event was established as a percentage. The developed methodology is aimed at the implementation of Article 229.2 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, makes it possible to bring clarity and transparency into the procedure for establishing the degree of guilt of the injured person (insured). The methodology will be useful for specialists in the field of occupational and industrial safety, state labor inspectors, insurers, representatives of the trade union organizations, i.e. all those who are directly involved in the commission for the investigation of industrial incidents.
Ensuring Safe Working Conditions during the Operation of the Closed Coal Storages
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Gendler S.G. , Vasilenko T.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Almukhametova S.G. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Published: November 2021

It is noted that the relevance of the presented studies is related to the need in reducing the aerotechnogenic load on the environment, which, when the coal is stored in the open storage, is practically uncontrollable that leads to the dust pollution of the significant territories. It is shown that ensuring safe operation of the closed coal storages, which are an alternative to the open coal storage, is possible if two conditions are met: the concentration of methane released from the coal stack in the air space of the storage does not exceed the permissible values; reduction to the required level of emissions of coal dust generated during loading and unloading technological operations. The reasons for possible release of methane from the stored coal associated with its residual methane content, the value of which is determined both by the initial value, as well as its decrease during the transportation of coal from the place of its production to the closed storage were identified. It is shown that in order to prevent exceeding the permissible value of methane concentration in the closed storage, it is required to use forced ventilation with an air exchange rate of at least two. It is mentioned that the forced ventilation in combination with the significant volumes of coal dust generated during technological operations can result in an increase in its concentration to the values hazardous for the human health. The analysis of methods for normalizing the dust environment during the operation of closed coal storages is given. The scientific novelty of research is associated with a comprehensive study of the regularities of aero-, gas- and dust-dynamic processes that determine safety of operation of the closed coal storages.
Ensuring Electrostatic Spark Safety for the Use of Fiberglass in the Process Pipelines, Apparatus, and Equipment
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Verjovkin V.N. , Mikhailova E.D. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Markov A.G. ,   Academy of GPS EMERCOM of Russia
Published: November 2021

The number of the insulating materials, including fiberglass products, are widely used in the construction, industry, oil and gas facilities, agro-industrial complex, transport, and defense. When using fiberglass, like some other insulating materials, it is possible to encounter their destruction and perforation, followed by a transition to the source of double-sided corona effect. Sliding spark discharges of static electricity, capable of igniting a combustible or explosive environment, are also likely to occur. The formation of such discharges depends primarily on the electrostatic and electrical strength properties of the used materials. These parameters should be used when assessing the most dangerous consequences of the fiberglass application in the process pipelines, apparatus, and equipment under the conditions of electrification processes. Comparison of the electrostatic and electrical strength properties of the corona-forming air layer in the electrization processes with the similar indicators of non-conductive structural materials is the main criterion that determines the possibility of their perforation and the occurrence of spontaneous sliding spark discharges. Electrostatic intrinsic safety should be ensured by eliminating static electricity discharges that are capable to become the flammable substances source of ignition (materials, mixtures, products). Sliding sparks can be eliminated by managing the electrostatic load. But at the same time, the hazard of ignition by discharges would remain if they could occur. When replacing the metal element (the wall of an apparatus or vessel) electrified by a liquid (technological medium), a product made of an insulating material, including fiberglass, with similar geometric, technical, and operational parameters, it is possible to maintain the efficient protection of the metal structure by means of its grounding.
Research and Analysis of the Sources of Emission of Respirable Fraction of Dust at the Coal Mines
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Korshunov G.I. , Safina A.M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Karimov A.M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Published: November 2021

At the deposits of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the actual concentration of the suspended dust is 60–83 mg/m3. The search for efficient ways of reducing dust emission and dust suppression remains an urgent task, since fine dust has a negative effect on the health of enterprise employees and on mining equipment reducing its service life. Full-scale measurements were conducted related to the dust content and dispersed composition of the aerosols. The dust content was measured by counting method with the use of CEM DT-9880 dust particle counter. The measurements were conducted at the points located at different distances from the road of the section. The content of the most dangerous fraction PM2.5 was 48 % of the total amount of fine dust or 30–40 mg/m3, while the maximum permissible concentration for this fraction is 0.16 mg/m3. The employees who constantly work near the automotive haul roads and the ruins of an exploded rock mass are exposed to the strongest effects of dust emissions on the respiratory organs. To reduce the dust load on the employees of the mining enterprise, it is most appropriate to deal primarily with the dust emitted from the open pit roads, since this will help to reduce the dust load by 30–40 %. The permissible length of service for the operator of the loading equipment of one of the open-pit mines of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was calculated: it will be 9 years, and not 17, as was obtained earlier — without considering the actual content of the respirable dust. With the most rational parameters of drilling and blasting operations and using all methods to reduce dust formation, it is possible to reduce the dust emission by 15–20 %.
Повышение безопасности электротехнического персонала путем профессионального отбора
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South Ural State Agrarian University», Mikhaylov V.V. , Bogdanov A.V. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University), Mikhaylova S.V. ,   A branch of Military Training Scientific Center of Military Air Forces «Military Air Academy named after professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin»
Published: November 2021

The statistics of occupational injuries in the Russian Federation are analyzed. For 2019–2020 there was an increase in occupational injuries and fatal injuries. It was also revealed that among incidents at the workplace, electrical injuries are less common, but cases of electric shock most often result in high-severity injuries and fatal case. As a rule, electrical personnel suffer from electrical injuries. Professional selection of electrical personnel is proposed as one of the ways to reduce occupational injuries. Electrical personnel must have certain qualities (developed at the required level of thinking, attention, responsibility for the result of work, for their own and other people lives, communicative potential, moral standards, etc.) that allow employees to carry out their activities, which will contribute to improving occupational safety. Therefore, professional selection must consider the peculiarities of working with electrical installations. Occupational safety is also influenced by the tension of the labor process. In this regard, the fragments of the protocols on the indicators of the intensity of electrical personnel labor process, which were drawn up during the assessment of working conditions, were analyzed. It is noted that each profession related to electrical personnel differs in the class of working conditions according to the factors of labor process intensity at the workplace. Situations can also be observed when one profession at the different workplaces can have a different class of working conditions for the same indicators of labor process intensity. Based on the analysis of the protocols, it can be concluded that professional selection should consider the characteristics of the electrical personnel, as well as the classes of working conditions according to the indicators available in the protocols of the labor process intensity.
Designing and Simulating Transformer Experiments under Dynamic Experiments
Authors: Patel Ramesh Kumar , Upadhyay Madhu
Published: November 2021

Enormous power transformers are the main gear for the power lattice. Their dependability not just influences the accessibility of power in the inventory region, yet in addition influences the monetary working of an energy provider. The primary goal of this work of the improvement of the transformer testing simulating model on the MATLAB/SIMULINK climate.The testing which depends on generator and grid of the transformer, as well as the related outcomes in SIMULINK, will be part of the conceptual stage. In addition, the technique will look into the effects of transformer validation in the method relying on grid on devices which are connected to the grids. According to the findings, neither source has an impact on the parameter calculation of Open Circuit and Short Circuit assessments. Realistic situations, on the other hand, would necessitate testing which relies on grid, which would enable a broader variety of transformers of different ratings to be evaluated with increased current capacity. The effect of a mistake on the grid can be quickly assessed by looking at the destination of the mistake, the period of the mistake, and any dips that may have took place.
Use of some plant extracts for protection of liver cells from toxic effects of Methotrexate
Authors: Taj Aldeen Saad Jaber , Ahmed Mufed Qaied , Shubber Ismail Kadhum
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to detect the efficacy of some plant extracts in protection of liver cells from toxic effects of anti-cancer drug Methotrexate by using metabolizing enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruric transinase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as parameters. Aquatic and alcohclic extracts were prepared from the Seeds of Nigella sativa, (Citrus aurntifolia) and cardamom (Elptteria cardamam ), for each extract, four gradually increased doses were evaluated for their toxicity. Dose with no effect was selected for further investigation. Drug-plant extract interaction was conducted using white mice musculus Balb/c strain. The animals were divided into three groups: negative controls (buffer), positive control (drug) and interaction group (drug & plant extract). The results showed that the dose 200 mg/kg, bw of N. sativa seeds extract and citrus fruit extract, as well as 50 mg/kg of cardamom extract induced non significant reduction in activity of GOT, GPT and ALP. However, MTX at dose of 3.25 mg/kg caused a significant (P< 0.01) reduction in those enzymes. Interaction between the selected doses of drug and plant extract, before and after drug treatments, was conducted. Significant reduction of drug effects on GPT, GOT and ALP was noticed when N. sativa and cardamom extracts were given for 7 days before drug treatments. Citrus fruit and aquatic extract of cardamom were negative in such experiment. Patient on treatment with MTX should be checked for liver function test and these plants might protect him.
Field study on the effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. On the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) on potato plant.
Authors: AL-Obaidi Sh. H. , AL-Ani L. K. , Hussain W. A.
Published: November 2021

A field study were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as abiocontrol agent for the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis infesting potato plants. Results indicated that soil treatment of the entomopathogenic fungi significantly reduced the percentage of plant infestation to 64.3, 60.7 % after 14, 21 days. Results of the infection intensity also significantly reduced in treatment of entomopathogenic fungi in soil to 18.7, 9.9 pore/leaf after 14, 21 days of treatment.The results revealed the higher efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi on plant yield, it become 633.3 gm in entomopathogenic fungi in soil treatment.
In vitro Callus induction and Shoot proliferation in Jojoba Simmondsia chinesis (Link) Schn.
Authors: Al-ِAni Nabeel K. , Abd Ashwaq S. , Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Tawfiq Arwa A.
Published: November 2021

From economic site;jojoba Simmondsia chinesis (Link) Schn. is very important shrub as its seeds contain high percent of oily wax . This wax composes natural and chemical charachteristics which makes shrub to be involved in many trade, manufacture and medical uses. In this study several interactions between auxins and cytokinins and gibbrellin were implemented to find out the best concentration for callus induction, vegetative growth and differentiation for experiments. BA at(2 or 5) mg/l, NAA at (0.018, 2, 2, 5) mg/l and GA3 at (0.1 or 0.2) mg/l were used. Results showed that highest percent for callus induction were (50 and 70) % respectively in the treatment (2) mg/l BA and (2) mg/l for both BA and NAA. The results revealed that using Kin. plus NAA with (0.1 or 0.2) mg/l GA3, was the best concentration lead to high percent of differentiation for vegetative shoot were (40 and 44) % respectively However, the length of vegetative shoots were (2 and 2.5) cm respectively. , this indicates the importance of the balance between these phytohormones required for shoot growth.
Aetiological agent in community acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization
Authors: Qader Abdullah Mustafa , Abood Mushrik K. , Baker Tural Yelderim
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to determine the etiological agents in patients withcommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Ninety-three patients with radiologicallyconfirmed pneumonia admitted to the Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospitalthrough the period extended from October 2001 till March 2002. Also to investigate apossible correlation between etiological agents in patients with CAP and comorbidfactors including age. The etiological agents were identified from 50 (53.8%) patientswith CAP, while no agents were detected in 43 (46.2%) patients. Blood samples weretaken from all patients for identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasmapneumoniae infection. Sputum samples for culture were taken from 76 (81.7%)patients; bacterial species were isolated from 22 (23.7%) samples. Streptococcuspneumoniae was the most frequent typical bacterial pathogen isolated from 17 (18.3%)patients. Atypical pathogens (C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae) using ELISAtechnique were identified in 22 (23.6%) and 20 (21.5%) respectively. Atypical pathogenswere a most common causes of CAP identified from (39.8%) cases. Sixteen (17.2%) ofthe patients had mixed infections (two pathogens were identified in 12 (75%) and threepathogens in 4 (25%) patients). C. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were the mostcommon mixed organisms found in 6 (37.5%) of patients.
Cytogenetic Studies on Groups Exposed to Pesticides in Baghdad
Authors: Azawei Basheer I. , Yassein Nahi Y. , Al-Khafaji Zahra M. , Hamed Sura N.
Published: November 2021

Pesticides effect human cytogenetic parameters adversely. This negative effect can be monitored in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study conducted to investigate the effect of pesticides (mixture) on some cytogenetic parameters in risk groups represented by farmers, pesticide sellers and pesticide manufacture workers (all of them were men ), each group involved 25 person in addition to control group (25 men) from Baghdad university staff. The cytogenetic parameters studied were; estimation of chromosomal aberrations (CA), induction of micronuclei (Mn) and mitotic index ( MI ). Results showed that the chromosomal aberrations spontaneous was less than 1% (Control group ), then these abnormalities increased in farmer, sellers and pesticides workers (1.48 % , 2.86 % , 3.42 % respectively ) . Mn profile was similar to CA as represented direte or indirect parameter. MI in farmers was with no significance compared to control group (1.72) (P<0.01), but it was lowred to 1.35 in sellers, and to 1.2 in workers with significant difference (P<0.01).
Effect of Some Physical Mutagens on Pseudomonas aeruginosa H3 in Alginate Production
Authors: Jasim Hameed M. , Thiab Rafal S.
Published: November 2021

Effect of physical mutagens on the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H3 in alginate production was performed by subjection of the cell suspension of P. aeruginosa H3 to different doses of UV radiation (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 J/m2) and LASER for (30, 60, 90 and 120 sec.), then cell suspension was spread on LB agar plates and incubated at 37 ˚C for 24hrs. After that, random selection of thirty colonies that arose from the cells subjection to the effect of different doses of UV radiation and laser were made (90% of the suspended cells were killed and were tested for their alginate production). Results showed that the mutagenesis by UV radiation caused an increase in the ability of P. aeruginosa H3 in alginate production. Over-producer mutant, H3R1, was obtained from this treatment. The productivity of the alginate from this mutant was 170mg/l in comparison with the productivity of wild type (70mg/l). On the other hand, results also showed that mutagenesis using LASER radiation caused an increase in the ability of P. aeruginosa H3 in alginate production. Over-producer mutant, H3R42, was obtained from this treatment characterized by its high ability in alginate production (130mg/l) in comparison with the productivity of wild type (70mg/l). Results of Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) for alginate produced by the wild type of P. aeruginosa H3 and over-producer mutants H3R1 and H3R42 at a wide range of wave lengths absorbance (400-4000) cm-1 showed that there were no any structural differences in the chemical structure of alginate produced by them on the basis of infra-red light absorption by different functional groups of alginate
Study of Hydrophobicity and Autoaggregation of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from vagina
Authors: Abbood Wasan , Krekor Alice
Published: November 2021

The Hydrophobicity of the seven isolates of L.acidophilus were detected by applying BATH test (Bacterial Adherence To Hydrocarbons) using xylene. The percentage of Hydrophobicity of the isolates ranged between 28-88% and the differences between the rates were significant (P<0.05). There was three hydrophobic isolates. The autoaggregation ability of the three isolates was tested by using the supernatant of MRS and LAPTg media in which the bacteria was cultivated for 24 hr. The results revealed that the three isolates were more aggregative in LAPTg supernatant. The percentage of the aggregation ranged between 70- 83.3% .On the other hand the percentage of the autoaggregation using MRS supernatant ranged between 30-70%. The nature of the surface and secreted factors which are responsible for the autoaggregation were determined by treatment of the bacterial cells and their LAPTg supernatants by proteinase K, lipase and sodium periodate. Results obtained indicated that the two types of these factors were proteins because of the inhibition of the aggregation after either the treatment of cells or the supernatants by proteinase K, and it's resistance to treatment with lipase or sodium periodate.
Assessment of genomic instability in blood and tissues from prostate cancer patients by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Authors: Ghali Zafir H. , Ahmed Intisar H. , Shubber Esmail K. , Al-Ani Badry A. , Sulaiman Bilal K. , A Shaima’a
Published: November 2021

All genetic alterations in the genome that predispose to the development of cancer are utmost importance in gaining a complete understanding of the exact molecular events involved in the development of tumorigenesis. In this study, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for assessing genomic instability in prostate cancer patients. DNAs were obtained from blood and tumor tissues of five prostate cancer patients, then amplified individually by RAPD with five different 10-mer arbitrary primers. The ability to detect genomic instability in five cancer tissues by each primer ranged from 20 to 100 percent. Change in the genome that revealed by RAPD technique included deletion or insertion and allelic losses or gains. The most important finding is that deletions were also observed in blood DNAs, while the corresponding fragments were present in the tumor DNA. Our results display an insertion of a 1093 bp fragment in 2 of 5 tumor samples using primer OPA-03. A deletion of the same 1093 bp fragment was observed in a blood sample using the primer OPA-03. These results confirm other reports that RAPD technique is useful for assessing genomic damage in cancer
Effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) on callus induction and survival rate on mature embryos of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Shlahi Sattar A. , Al- Hattab Zahra N. Hashim
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the percentage of callus induction and survival from mature beans embryos harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with (0.2 or 0.4) millimolar of the mutagen NTG in combination with 0.0, 4 or 8% of ethanol, pH 5 ±2 0. for 24 h. Calli were induced on mature embryos by using MS medium with 0.5 mg/l of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/l from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Results showed that the hypocotyl surpassed the radical and the plume significantly in terms of survival reached 56.3%. Mutagen treatments showed asignificant effect on calli survival. Treatment with 8% Ethanol was lethal for all explants. While treatment with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gaved the highest survival rate. The interaction between the treatments and the explants showed that the lowest survival percentage was which 8.8% that was for shoots treated with 0.2 mM of 4% Ethanol. Calli induced on hypocotyls treated with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest fresh weight (347.2) mg while the lowest was (60) mg for calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol. Moreover the highest dry weight was 22.5 mg for calli induced from hypocotyls treated with 0.4 millimolar NTG without Ethanol that was higher than the control 17.2 mg.The lowest dry weight obtained from calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol was 3 mg. In conclusion the results showed that 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest survival rate and the highest fresh and dry weight for calli induced on the hypocotyl.
Biochemical interaction between Eucalyptus, Neem residues with some plants and microorganisms
Authors: AL-SHAHWANY A.W. , AL -AANI A. G. , MOHAMMAD N. T.
Published: November 2021

The study was carried to determinate the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus globules and Azadirachta indica against Raphanus sativus and Lepidium sativum by adding their residues to the soil at rates of (3 , 6) gr / kg soil . The second part of study was to extract the oil seed and determine the biological activities against some pathogenic microorganisms namely Escherichia col, Klebesiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. These oils used at cons. (2.5, 5, 10, 15)% prepared and separated by stem distillation. Agar well diffusion method was used in bacteria preparing, and comparing extracts effect by determining the inhibition zone. Residues of Eucalyptus and Neem added to the soil at rates of 3gr/ kg soil significantly reduced the seed germination number and shoot length. While adding 6gr/ kg soil inhibited the seedling growth. Also the result shows inhibitory effects of the Eucalyptus oils against E .coli, S. aurus and K. pnenumonia, put there was no inhibition against P. aeruginosa and P.mirablils treatments. In conclusion, it seem much useful to cultivated Eucalyptus and Neem trees at river bank and lake beach because their residues could be use as herbicides, antibacterial against same microorganisms which polluted the water.
Study the effect of Interaction between metronidazole and Pelargonium odoratissimum aquatic extracts in vivo and in vitro on mammalian cells
Authors: AL_Romani Mayassa F. , AL_Samarrae Khulood , Shubber Esmail
Published: November 2021

The present study was designed to investigate the role of P. odoratissimum aquatic extracts in reducing the genotoxic effects of metronidazole in mice in vivo and human blood lymphocyte in vitro. The parametrers which evaluated in mice were used: mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow, while for human blood lymphocyte were mitotic index, blast index, replicative index, sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations. The cytogenetic effects of the drug and plant aquatic extracts were investigated after four days of oral administration for mice with metronidazole and aqueous extract at doses 400mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively while the concentrations of metronidazole and aqueous extract in human blood lymphocyte culture was 80µg/ml, and 10µg/ml respectively. An interaction study of plant extract with metronidazole was carried out through three types of treatments (before, after and mixture of plant extract and drug treatment) to determine the activity of P. odoratissimum aqueous extract in reducing the side effects of drug both in vitro and in vivo. Aquatic extract of P.odoratissimum at the concentration of 10µg/ml, showed a protective value against the genotoxic effect of metronidazole at 80µg/ml. concentration .In mouse bone marrow cells and human blood lymphocyte culture, this was more pronounced in pre-treatment and simultaneous treatment than in post-treatment. So P. odoratissimum aquatic extract is considered as desmutagen in the first order and bioantimutagen in the second order, as a result for its ability to repair CA and increase MI in mouse system and in human blood lymphocyte culture system . It also had the ability to increase BI and RI and decrease SCE in human blood lymphocytes culture in vitro.
Study of some cytogenetic effects of Aerolysin Produced by Aeromonas hydrophila on normal and tumor cells in vitro.
Authors: Al- Baidani Sanaa Jassem , Moyet Al-Faisal Abdul Hussain , Ali Norrya A.
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to find the cytotoxicity of the aerolysin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila on rat embryo fibroblast, mouse mammary adeno carcinoma and human larynx epidermal carcinoma cell lines by estimating the cells inhibitory and proliferation rates . Cells were exposed to ten concentrations of aerolysin toxin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Then the inhibitory and proliferation rates were calculated. The results showed that the effect of the toxin depends on concentration and exposure time.
Analysis of genomic instability in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Ahmed Intisar H. , Ghali Zafir H. , Shubber Esmail K. , Al-Ani Badry A. , Sulaiman Bilal K. , A. Shaima’a
Published: November 2021

Genomic instability resulting in multiple molecular events believed to be a driving force in the carcinogenic process. In this study, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA polymorphism assay system was used for analyzes genomic instability in blood and tissues obtained from five breast cancer patients. DNAs from breast cancer tissues and corresponding DNAs from blood samples were amplified by RAPD with five different 10-bases arbitrary primers. The ability to detect genomic instability in five cancer tissues by each single primer ranged from 60 to 100 percent. Samples 3, and 4 represented the highest genomic instability since it detected by all primers used. Changes in the genome that were revealed by RAPD included deletion or insertion, and allelic losses or gains. The most important finding that emerged from the RAPD analysis, is that deletion was also observed in blood DNAs which revealed by the absence of amplified DNA fragments from blood DNAs, while the corresponding fragments were present in the tumor DNA. Our results display that an insertion of a 468bp amplified fragment was observed in 3 of 5 tumor samples (two fragments using primer OPA-03 and the third fragment using primer OPA-10) whereas, the same 468bp amplified fragment was deleted in 2 of 5 blood samples one using the primer OPA-03 and the second fragment using primer OPA-13. Genomic instability analyzed by RAPD is important to understand the molecular events in breast cancer.
Bacteriological Study of salivaricin production from treptococcus salivarius isolated from the oral cavity
Authors: Majeed Ibtihal AbdulHadi , Al-Kazaz Abdulkareem , Sabri Moayad , Abdul-Wahab Sahar
Published: November 2021

A total of 115 samples (oral cavity swabs) were collected from healthy individuals. Sixty eight isolates were identified as Streptococcus salivarius using microscopical, biochemical and serotyping tests. The ability of Streptococcus salivarius local isolates to produce salivaricin was detected by testing the inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. Results showed that only 26 isolates were capable of producing salivaricin and showed inhibitory activity against some gram positive isolates especially S. pyogenes, while no inhibitory effect was noticed towards the gram negative isolates that were used in this study. S. salivarius IS9 was selected according to its efficiency of inhibiting activity against a number of tested bacteria.The results of determination of antagonistic effect of IS9 against all local isolates of S. salivarius showed that 45 isolates of them were affected, while 23 isolates were not affected.
Study the activity of P53 & Bcl-2 genes in the biopsies of inflamed colon from patients of ulcerative colitis
Authors: T. Jafer Zainab M. , Shubber Esmail K.
Published: November 2021

The study has been done on 36 samples of biopsies which drawn from patients suffered from ulcerative colitis, the samples were taken from female & male of different ages. The goal was to observe the gene expression of the suppresser tumor gene P53, & the suppresser apoptosis gene Bcl-2, by using in situ hybridization technique. The results showed that there were relationships between both genes (P53 & Bcl-2) in patients suffered from ulcerative colitis compared with healthy individuals. The suppresser gene P53 gave 63% in the high grade(3) , 29 % in the intermediate stage (2) & 8% in the low grade (1) .While for the suppresser apoptosis gene Bcl-2 , the results showed increasing in the activity of this gene , which gave 66% in the high grade(3) , 27% in the intermediate stage (2) , & 7% in the low grade (1) . These results indicate accumulated mutations in the gene P53 & increase in the activity of gene Bcl-2 in inflamed colonic tissue of chronic ulcerative colitis. This gave an indication of early detection for diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring purposes.
Study the Effect of Enterocin produced by Enterococcus faecalisU36 Against Some Food Borne Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Kandala NuhaJoseph , Aziz Ghazi M.
Published: November 2021

Enterocin U36 (ENT U36), is a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalisU36, strain isolated from urine samples have collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The Bacteriocin is an antimicrobial proteins or peptides that inhibit growth of bacteria closely related to the producing organism. The results has been shown that ENT U36 active against Enterococcus faecalis S10 Lactococcuslactis,Lactobacillusfermentumand few other food borne gram positive pathogens bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus auraus,Bacillussubtilis and Streptococcusspp . The inhibitory type and mode of action of purified ENT U36 were tested against some isolates test bacteria which includedL.monocytogenes and E.coli It was observed that purified ENT U36 have bacteriostatic effect when the numbers of inhibited test bacteria increased in parallel with the increased activity of ENT U36 (unit/ml) . The treatment period also has its effect on reducing the numbers of test bacteria. The results showed that 400 unit/ml was enough to kill L.monocytogenes viable count of in 3.1 x105 cell/ml in 2 hours when treated with ENT U36, and E.coli in 3.7x105 cell/ml in 24 hour'. And when lytic activity of purified ENT U36 studied, it was observed that its mode of action was on cell membrane and did not show any lytic activity on the isolated cell walls of test bacteria or any lytic activity on DNA. This beneficial trait has led to utilization of purified enterocinas as food additives.
Comparison study between Iraqi beef meat and other sources of imported frozen meat
Authors: AL-Jumayli Saddia M. , AL-Timimi Salim S.
Published: November 2021

Many kind of market – available frozen meats were selected. These involves Iraqi meat, Emirate meat as well as four types of Indian meats ( Amarona, Alana, Al – Mubark and Al – Halal ) The chemical, Physical and Microbial characteristics of these types were investigated. All studies types were identical with [1] in protein percentage. Excluding data of fat percentage of Emirale meat, all types were identical with [1] in fat percentage. Significant differences in free fatty acid percentage were observed in studied types, however it still in accordance with [1]. Highly significant (P>0.05) differences were noticed among meat types in total volatile nitrogen values. On the other hand, all meat types were not identical with Iraqi standards in thaw loss percentage; all sensory characters were decline in all frozen meat studied. Greater total aerobic and total bacterial count were noticed in all meat types. These exceeded that of [1]. On the same manar, Higher count of Psychotropic bacteria (5.12 x 104 ) were observed in Indian meat (Halal).
Optical Rhizobium Growth Density Responding to different levels of Mo and K and their interaction in the Liquid Media
Authors: Abdelamer Ali sabeh
Published: November 2021

An experiment was carried out to study the effects of potassium and Molybdenum on Rhizobium growth. The objective of the experiment, which conducted under laboratory conditions was to investigate the interaction effects of using three levels of Molybdenum (0, 0.25, 2.50) mg Mo .L-1 and four levels of potassium (0, 25, 50, 100) mg K.L-1 on the optical density of Rhizobium growth in the liquid medium (broth media), which is belong to R. leguminosarum after three days of incubation at 28°C.
Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Nineveh Province
Authors: Kassim M. B. I. , Eleya S. S.
Published: November 2021

Atotal of 62 different Streptomyces isolates were recovered from 17 samples of soil collected from different sites of Nineveh Province. Only 23 isolates showed activity against test Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. One isolate showed high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, was selected and identified as Streptomyces lavendulae on the bases of microscopic, morphologic, biochemical tests and its sensitivity to some antibiotics. The bioactive compound produced by S. lavendulae was isolated on TLC plate (Rf 0.85). The UV spectrum of the active compound in methanol showed one peak at 280 nm. From these data it could be concluded that the active compound probably belongs to macrolide antibiotics group.
Production of Ethanol from Sugars Fermentation By Yeasts Using Bioreactor
Authors: Naama Jasim, H. , Al-Temimi Ali, A. , Husain Nihaia N. , Wahid Hamsa, E. Abdul
Published: November 2021

Two yeast isolates of C.kefyr-T and C.kefyr-S, were isolated from crude whey, the optimum pH value was 5, and S.cerevisiae was significantly best in ethanol and Biomass production from all glucose concentrations compared to C.kefyr-T and C.kefyr-S which were significantly best ethanol and biomass production from all galactose concentrations comparing with S.cerevisiae. C.kefyr-T which was best in production compared to C.kefyr-S. Best ethanol production was 8.7% Ethanol from 10% sugar mixture, by mixed culture of (S. cerevisiae+ C.Kefyr-T), and best ethanol production was 4.6% from 8% synthetic lactose by mixed culture of (C.kefyr-T+C.kefyr-S). There is a significant decrease in ethanol and biomass production from all mixtures by using mixed culture of (C.kefyr-T+ C.kefyr-S+ S. cerevisiae) than using mixed culture of (C. kefyr + S. cerevisiae) and mixed culture of (C.kefyr-T + C.kefyr-S). Different period of times at (24, 36, 48, and 60) hof fermentation in bioreactor are presented. The initial sugar mixture concentration was 10% in all cases. The ethanol production during the 48 h gave a maximum value of 15.5 % by mixed culture of (C. kefyr + S. cerevisiae), but it remains at low levels within other periods, whereas the highest biomass16% gained at the same bioreactor conditions.