bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there an association among spirituality, resilience and empathy in medical students?
Authors: Moura Anna TMS , Coriolano Andreia M. , Kobayasi Renata , Pessanha Silvio , Cruz Hellen LMC , Melo Suely M. , Pecly Inah MD , Tempski Patricia , Martins Milton A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Spirituality has religious and nonreligious dimensions and is often linked to well-being, positive emotions, connection and meaning in life. Both empathy and resilience are important in medical training and future professional practice since they are considered core skills related to professionalism and patient care. Our study aimed to understand the relationships among spirituality, resilience, and empathy in medical students. We also aimed to determine whether there are differences by gender and between medical students in different years of a medical program.

Methods

Medical students (n = 1370) of the first to fourth years of a six-year medical program, from six medical schools, completed questionnaires to assess empathy (Jefferson Empathy Scale and Davis Multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Scale) and resilience (Wagnild & Young Scale) and to rate their spirituality.

Results

Medical students with high spirituality showed higher scores for both resilience and empathy (p < 0.001). In addition, we observed higher levels of both spirituality and empathy, but not resilience, in female medical students than in male medical students. In contrast, we did not detect significant differences in spirituality, empathy, or resilience between students in different years of medical school.

Conclusion

Medical students with high levels of spirituality have also higher scores for both empathy and resilience. Spirituality, empathy and resilience have similar values for students in different years of a medical program.
Qualitative evaluation of a multidisciplinary master of cancer sciences: impacts on graduates and influencing curricular factors
Authors: Lai-Kwon Julia , Woodward-Kron Robyn , Seignior David , Allen Louise , McArthur Grant , Barrett Michelle , Kok David L
Published: July 2024

Background

Evaluations of continuing professional development programs typically focus on short-term knowledge and skill acquisition. There is a need for more comprehensive program evaluation methods that assess a broader range of impacts and can elicit how and why these outcomes occurred. We conducted a qualitative study to investigate the impacts of a multidisciplinary, online health professional postgraduate degree and to gain insights into the factors that led to these impacts.

Methods

Participants were graduates of the University of Melbourne’s Master of Cancer Sciences who could participate in an online interview. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted exploring a broad range of impacts, including changes in professional practice and career trajectory since graduation, and how the degree influenced these impacts. Data were analysed inductively.

Results

Fifteen participants (female: 80%, 31–50 years old: 67%) from a range of professions were interviewed. A number of major themes were uncovered. Impacts on career trajectory included expanded career horizons (e.g. increased role diversity and complexity), and increased confidence in their professional identity. Impacts on professional practice included individual improvements in patient care and research, as well as changes in organisational practice. Factors identified as leading to these impacts were: (i) active, interactive and interprofessional learning; (ii) networking, informal mentoring, and role-modelling; and (iii) support at multiple levels.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence of the positive impact of a Master of Cancer Sciences on graduate career trajectory and professional practice. In addition, the inductive methodology enabled identification of the curricular features (both planned and emergent) that influenced these impacts, facilitating potential transferability of learnings to other teaching programs.
Trends in heart failure costs for commercially insured patients in the United States (2006–2021)
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Abudayyeh Islam , Rakovski Cyril , Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Mianroodi Ahmad Rezaie , Patel Jay N , Ihab Alomari , Ani Chizobam
Published: July 2024

Background

Although prior research has estimated the overarching cost burden of heart failure (HF), a thorough analysis examining medical expense differences and trends, specifically among commercially insured patients with heart failure, is still lacking. Thus, the study aims to examine historical trends and differences in medical costs for commercially insured heart failure patients in the United States from 2006 to 2021.

Methods

A population-based, cross-sectional analysis of medical and pharmacy claims data (IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus for Academic) from 2006 to 2021 was conducted. The cohort included adult patients (age > = 18) who were enrolled in commercial insurance plans and had healthcare encounters with a primary diagnosis of HF. The primary outcome measures were the average total annual payment per patient and per cost categories encompassing hospitalization, surgery, emergency department (ED) visits, outpatient care, post-discharge care, and medications. The sub-group measures included systolic, diastolic, and systolic combined with diastolic, age, gender, comorbidity, regions, states, insurance payment, and self-payment.

Results

The study included 422,289 commercially insured heart failure (HF) patients in the U.S. evaluated from 2006 to 2021. The average total annual cost per patient decreased overall from $9,636.99 to $8,201.89, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.11% (95% CI: -2% to -0.26%). Hospitalization and medication costs decreased with an AAPC of -1.99% (95% CI: -3.25% to -0.8%) and − 3.1% (95% CI: -6.86–0.69%). On the other hand, post-discharge, outpatient, ED visit, and surgery costs increased by an AAPC of 0.84% (95% CI: 0.12–1.49%), 4.31% (95% CI: 1.03–7.63%), 7.21% (95% CI: 6.44–8.12%), and 9.36% (95% CI: 8.61–10.19%).

Conclusions

The study’s findings reveal a rising trend in average total annual payments per patient from 2006 to 2015, followed by a subsequent decrease from 2016 to 2021. This decrease was attributed to the decline in average patient costs within the Medicare Cost insurance category after 2016, coinciding with the implementation of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) of 2015. Additionally, expenses related to surgical procedures, emergency department (ED) visits, and outpatient care have shown substantial growth over time. Moreover, significant differences across various variables have been identified.
Global incidence and characteristics of spinal cord injury since 2000–2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Yubao , Shang Zhizhong , Zhang Wei , Pang Mao , Hu Xuchang , Dai Yu , Shen Ruoqi , Wu Yingjie , Liu Chenrui , Luo Ting , Wang Xin , Liu Bin , Zhang Liangming , Rong Limin
Published: July 2024

Background

This study employs systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the incidence and characteristics of spinal cord injury (SCI) between 2000 and 2021, aiming to provide the most recent and comprehensive data support for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care of SCI.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted on epidemiological studies of SCI published between January 1, 2000, and March 29, 2024. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, publication bias detection, and literature quality assessment were extensively utilized.

Results

The pooled results from 229 studies indicated that the overall incidence rate of SCI was 23.77 (95% CI, 21.50–26.15) per million people, with traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) at a rate of 26.48 (95% CI, 24.15–28.93) per million people, and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (NTSCI) at a rate of 17.93 (95% CI, 13.30-23.26) per million people. The incidence of TSCI exhibited a marked age-related increase and was significantly higher in community settings compared to hospital and database sources. Males experienced TSCI at a rate 3.2 times higher than females. Between 2000 and 2021, the incidence of TSCI remained consistently high, between 20 and 45 per million people, whereas NTSCI incidence has seen a steady rise since 2007, stabilizing at a high rate of 25–35 per million people. Additionally, the incidence of TSCI in developing countries was notably higher than that in developed countries. There were significant differences in the causes of injury, severity, injury segments, gender, and age distribution among the TSCI and NTSCI populations, but the proportion of male patients was much higher than that of female patients. Moreover, study quality, country type, and SCI type contributed to the heterogeneity in the meta-analysis.

Conclusions

The incidence rates of different types of SCI remain high, and the demographic distribution of SCI patients is changing, indicating a serious disease burden on healthcare systems and affected populations. These findings underscore the necessity of adopting targeted preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative measures based on the incidence and characteristics of SCI.
MicroRNAs and the Mediterranean diet: a nutri-omics perspective for lung cancer
Authors: Cuttano Roberto , Mazzarelli Francesco , Afanga Kuku Miriam , Bianchi Fabrizio , Dama Elisa
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type worldwide with ~ 1.8 million deaths per-year. Smoking accounts for ~ 85% of all cases, with a described joint effect with unhealthy diet in lung cancer risk increase. Public health policies to prevent carcinogens exposure, promote smoking cessation and advocacy for healthy nutrition, are therefore highly recommended. Here we have examined the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in protecting against some non-communicable diseases including lung cancer, highlighting the epidemiological and biomolecular aspects of MedDiet anti-inflammatory effect and its interaction with smoking habits closely linked to risk of lung cancer. Considering the high incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, we discussed also about the global impact that a Planeterranean extension of the benefits of MedDiet could have on controlling lung cancer risk. We also debated the impact of personalized nutrition on lung cancer prevention, considering individual heterogeneity in response to diet plans as well as recent advancements on nutri-omics in lung cancer research, with a specific focus on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a promising nutritional molecular hub for lung cancer prevention. We strongly believe that a deep understanding of the molecular link between food components and genetic/epigenetics factors can expand effective intervention strategies.
Rapidly-manufactured CD276 CAR-T cells exhibit enhanced persistence and efficacy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Deng Tian , Deng Yingzhi , Tsao Shih-Ting , Xiong Qinghui , Yao Yue , Liu Cuicui , Gu Ming yuan , Huang Fei , Wang Haiying
Published: July 2024

Background

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and the lack of treatment options makes it more deadly. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and made great breakthroughs in treating hematological malignancies, however its success in treating solid cancers remains limited mainly due to the lack of tumor-specific antigens. On the other hand, the prolonged traditional manufacturing process poses challenges, taking 2 to 6 weeks and impacting patient outcomes. CD276 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for anti-solid cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CD276 CAR-T and rapidly-manufactured CAR-T against pancreatic cancer.

Methods

In the present study, CD276 CAR-T was prepared by CAR structure carrying 376.96 scFv sequence, CD8 hinge and transmembrane domain, 4-1BB and CD3ζ intracellular domains. Additionally, CD276 rapidly-manufactured CAR-T (named CD276 Dash CAR-T) was innovatively developed by shortening the duration of ex vitro culture to reduce CAR-T manufacturing time. We evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of CD276 CAR-T and further compared the functional assessment of Dash CAR-T and conventional CAR-T in vitro and in vivo by detecting the immunophenotypes, killing ability, expansion capacity and tumor-eradicating effect of CAR-T.

Results

We found that CD276 was strongly expressed in multiple solid cancer cell lines and that CD276 CAR-T could efficiently kill these solid cancer cells. Moreover, Dash CAR-T was successfully manufactured within 48–72 h and the functional validation was carried out subsequently. In vitro, CD276 Dash CAR-T possessed a less-differentiated phenotype and robust proliferative ability compared to conventional CAR-T. In vivo xenograft mouse model, CD276 Dash CAR-T showed enhanced anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy and T cell expansion. Besides, except for the high-dose group, the body weight of mice was maintained stable, and the state of mice was normal.

Conclusions

In this study, we proved CD276 CAR-T exhibited powerful activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, we demonstrated the manufacturing feasibility, acceptable safety and superior anti-tumor efficacy of CD276 Dash CAR-T generated with reduced time. The results of the above studies indicated that CD276 Dash CAR-T immunotherapy might be a novel and promising strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Genetic diversity of astroviruses detected in wild aquatic birds in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Daisy Y. M. , Sun Wanying , Sit Thomas H. C. , Brackman Christopher J. , Tse Anne C. N. , Bui Christine H. T. , Tang Amy W. Y. , Wong Andrew N. C. , Tsang Andrew T. L. , Koo Joe C. T. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Peiris Malik , Chin Alex W. H. , Poon Leo L. M.
Published: July 2024

Wild waterfowl serve as a reservoir of some astroviruses. Fecal samples from wild waterfowl collected at Hong Kong's Marshes were tested using pan-astrovirus reverse transcription-PCR. Positive samples underwent subsequent host identification using DNA barcoding. Based on deduced partial sequences, noteworthy samples from three astrovirus groups (mammalian, avian and unclassified astroviruses) were further analyzed by next-generation sequencing. One sample of Avastrovirus 4 clade, MP22-196, had a nearly complete genome identified. The results of ORF2 phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance analysis indicate that Avastrovirus 4 is classified as a distinct subclade within Avastrovirus. MP22-196 has typical astrovirus genome characteristics. The unique characteristics and potential differences of this genome, compared to other avian astrovirus sequences, involve the identification of a modified sgRNA sequence situated near the ORF2 start codon, which precedes the ORF1b stop codon. Additionally, the 3' UTR of MP22-196 is shorter than other avian astroviruses. This study expands our understanding of the Avastrovirus 4 clade.
Standard medical ethnobotany of Kohistan, North Pakistan
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Manduzai Ajmal Khan , Pieroni Andrea , Alkahtani Jawaher , AbdelGawwad Mohamed Ragab , Gafforov Yusufjon , Nazeer Abdul , Abbasi Arshad Mehmood
Published: July 2024

Background

This study was exclusively focused on the documentation and cross-cultural evaluation of ethnomedicinal knowledge (EMK) within the diverse linguistic groups of Kohistan situated between the Himalayan and Hindukush Mountain ranges in the north Pakistan.

Methods

Data were gathered during the field survey (May 2022 to July 2023) through group conversations, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observation. Venn diagrams were employed to illustrate the comparative assessment of EMK, and different ethnobotanical indices were utilized to examine the data.

Results

A total of 96 wild medicinal plant species (MPs) belonging to 74 genera and 52 botanical families were documented. The most reported MPs belong to the family Polygonaceae (11 species), followed by Asteraceae (9 species) and Lamiaceae (8 species). The ethnomedicinal uses of Leontopodium himalayanum, Pedicularis oederi, Plocama brevifolia, Polypodium sibiricum, Pteridium esculentum, Sambucus wightiana, Solanum cinereum, Teucrium royleanum, Rhodiola integrifolia, Aconitum chasmanthum were reported for the first time in this region. Among the reported taxa herbaceous species were dominated (72%), followed by trees and shrubs (17% and 10%, respectively). Digestive problems (40 taxa and 114 use reports) and skin disorders (19 taxa and 549 use reports) were the most cited disease categories, whereas M. communis, M. longifolia, Ajuga integrifolia, Ziziphus jujuba, and Clematis grata exhibited the highest percentage fidelity levels. Out of 109 documented medicinal uses, a mere 12 were shared across all linguistic groups, and Bateri emerges as a notable outlier with the highest number of medicinal uses. In addition, a significant homogeneity was noted in the reported botanical taxa (61 species) among different linguistic groups. However, since the last decade biocultural heritage of Kohistan is facing multifaceted risks that need urgent attention.

Conclusion

Our findings could be valuable addition to the existing stock of ethnomedicinal knowledge and may provide ethnopharmacological basis to novel drug discovery for preexisting and emerging diseases prioritizing detailed phytochemical profiling and the evaluation of bioactive potential.
Immune profiling of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury during the first week after various types of injuries: the REALAKI study
Authors: Bidar Frank , Peillon Louis , Bodinier Maxime , Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Llitjos Jean-François , Textoris Julien , Rimmelé Thomas
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and results in significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to explore the systemic immune response of intensive care unit patients presenting with AKI, especially the association between immune profiles and persistent AKI during the first week after admission following various types of injuries (sepsis, trauma, surgery, and burns).

Methods

REALAKI is an ancillary analysis of the REAnimation Low Immune Status Marker (REALISM) cohort study, in which 359 critically ill patients were enrolled in three different intensive care units. Patients with end-stage renal disease were excluded from the REALAKI study. Clinical samples and data were collected three times after admission: at day 1 or 2 (D1-2), day 3 or 4 (D3-4) and day 5, 6 or 7 (D5-7). Immune profiles were compared between patients presenting with or without AKI. Patients with AKI at both D1-2 and D5-7 were defined as persistent AKI. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to determine the independent association between AKI and patients’ immunological parameters.

Results

Three hundred and fifty-nine patients were included in this analysis. Among them, 137 (38%) were trauma patients, 103 (29%) post-surgery patients, 95 (26%) sepsis patients, and 24 (7%) were burn patients. One hundred and thirty-nine (39%) patients presented with AKI at D1-2 and 61 (20%) at D5-7. Overall, 94% presented with persistent AKI at D5-7. Patients with AKI presented with increased pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and altered innate and adaptive immune responses. The modifications observed in the immune profiles tended to be more pronounced with increasing KDIGO stages. In the logistic regression model, a statistically significant association was observed at D1-2 between AKI and CD10lowCD16low immature neutrophils (OR 3.03 [1.7–5.5]—p < 0.001). At D5-7, increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and reduced ex vivo TNF-α production after LPS stimulation were significantly associated with the presence of AKI (OR 1.38 [1.12–1.71]—p = 0.001 and 0.51 [0.27–0.91]—p = 0.03, respectively). Patients who recovered from AKI between D1-2 and D5-7 compared to patients with persistent AKI at D5-7, tended to correct these alterations.

Conclusion

Following various types of severe injuries, early AKI is associated with the initial inflammatory response. Presence of AKI at the end of the first week after injury is associated with injury-induced immunosuppression.
The origin and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes established in southern Mozambique
Authors: Yamashita Sarina , Uruma Kawane , Yang Chao , Higa Yukiko , Minakawa Noboru , Cuamba Nelson , Futami Kyoko
Published: July 2024

Background

The Aedes albopictus mosquito is of medical concern due to its ability to transmit viral diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya. Aedes albopictus originated in Asia and is now present on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. In Mozambique, Ae. albopictus was first reported in 2015 within the capital city of Maputo, and by 2019, it had become established in the surrounding area. It was suspected that the mosquito population originated in Madagascar or islands of the Western Indian Ocean (IWIO). The aim of this study was to determine its origin. Given the risk of spreading insecticide resistance, we also examined relevant mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC).

Methods

Eggs of Ae. albopictus were collected in Matola-Rio, a municipality adjacent to Maputo, and reared to adults in the laboratory. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and microsatellite loci were analyzed to estimate origins. The presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations within domain II and III of the VSSC were examined using Sanger sequencing.

Results

The COI network analysis denied the hypothesis that the Ae. albopictus population originated in Madagascar or IWIO; rather both the COI network and microsatellites analyses showed that the population was genetically similar to those in continental Southeast Asia and Hangzhou, China. Sanger sequencing determined the presence of the F1534C knockdown mutation, which is widely distributed among Asian populations, with a high allele frequency (46%).

Conclusions

These results do not support the hypothesis that the Mozambique Ae. albopictus population originated in Madagascar or IWIO. Instead, they suggest that the origin is continental Southeast Asia or a coastal town in China.

Graphical Abstract
Integrating the controlled evaporation mixer with cavity ring-down spectroscopy for enhanced water vapor isotope calibration
Authors: Moon Jangil , Han Yeongcheol , Kim Songyi , Lee Jeonghoon , Do Hur Soon
Published: July 2024

Accurate measurement of water vapor isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) is fundamental for advancing our understanding of the hydrological cycle and improving hydrological model accuracy. This study introduces an innovative calibration methodology using a controlled evaporation mixer (CEM) for determining stable isotopic ratios in atmospheric water vapor via cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The CEM technique reliably produces a stable water vapor stream, crucial for enhancing the precision and accuracy of isotopic measurements. Its rapid adaptation to changes in water vapor concentration and compatibility with different water standards enhance calibration reliability. Demonstrated reproducibility in generating water vapor across a broad concentration range from 900 to over 25,000 ppmv, coupled with a substantial reduction in memory effects, makes this approach highly effective in both laboratory and field settings. This calibration advancement greatly enhances research capabilities for continuous atmospheric water vapor analysis, providing deeper insights into hydrological processes and atmospheric dynamics.
Dislocated 4-haptic intraocular lens rescue with Gore-tex suture scleral re-fixation
Authors: Michaels Luke , Moussa George , Ziaei Hadi , Davies Andrew
Published: July 2024

Background

Dislocated IOL exchange conventionally involves manipulation within the anterior chamber which risks secondary injury to anterior chamber structures. We describe and evaluate a 4-haptic IOL rescue technique that avoids entering the anterior chamber and thus minimizes post operative inflammation, astigmatism and recovery time relative to conventional IOL explantation and replacement techniques.

Methods

Retrospective, non-randomized, interventional study of all patients undergoing 4-haptic IOL rescue performed by two independent vitreoretinal surgeons at a single UK centre over two years. Surgical technique: A limited peritomy is performed with four 25-gauge scleral ports placed to enable use of two forceps, an infusion and a chandelier. A further four 27-gauge sclerotomies are symmetrically placed on the nasal and temporal sclera at 3 mm from the limbus with a 5 mm vertical separation on either side. A pars plana vitrectomy is performed followed by chandelier illuminated, bimanual cleaning of the dislocated IOL using 27-gauge serrated forceps. Gore-tex sutures are threaded through the IOL islets within the vitreous cavity and externalized through the sclerotomies for scleral re-fixation followed by conjunctival closure.

Results

Seven patients underwent IOL recycling with Gore-Tex suture scleral re-fixation. All procedures were successful in repositioning the IOLs, with all patients satisfied with post-operative outcome. Mean (standard deviation) time to IOL dislocation was 13 (3) years. Median visual acuity significantly improved post-operatively from 0.85 logMAR (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 0.2–2.1) to 0.07 (0.02–0.60) logMAR (p = 0.02). No significant post-operative complications were noted apart from persistent cystoid macular oedema in one patient non-compliant with post-operative treatment.

Conclusions

Transscleral refixation using Gore-Tex suture is an effective, safe and practical approach in the management of dislocated 4-piece IOLs.
Knockdown of AMIGO2 suppresses proliferation and migration through regulating PPAR-γ in bladder cancer
Authors: Han Dali , Xiong Bin , Zhang Xiangxiang , Chen Chaohu , Yao Zhiqiang , Wu Hao , Cao Jinlong , Li Jianpeng , Li Pan , Wang Zhiping , Tian Junqiang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to reveal the relationship between AMIGO2 and proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods

The expression level of AMIGO2 is measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Stable AMIGO2 knockdown cell lines T24 and 5637 were established by lentivirus transfection. Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8 assay) was produced to determine cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis was utilized to detect cell cycle, and wound healing assay was proceeded to test migration ability of bladder cancer cells. Xenograft mouse model was established for investigating the effect of AMIGO2 on tumor formation in vivo. The RNA Sequencing technology was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. The expression level of PPAR-γ was measured by Western Blot.

Results

AMIGO2 was upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Inhibited expression of AMIGO2 suppresses cell proliferation and migration. Low AMIGO2 expression inhibited tumorigenicity of 5637 in nude mice. According to RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, 917 DEGs were identified. The DEGs were mainly enriched in cell–cell adhesion, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathway and some other pathways. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, but when AMIGO2 is knocked down in T24 and 5637, the expression level of PPAR-γ is also decreased, and overexpression of PPAR-γ could reverse the suppression effect of cell proliferation and migration caused by the inhibition of AMIGO2.

Conclusion

AMIGO2 is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of AMIGO2 suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. These processes might be regulated by PPAR-γ signaling pathway.
Are all cancer survivors included when using electronically administered patient reported outcomes in primary healthcare cancer rehabilitation? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rossen Sine , Sandager Mette Thønnings , Hofland Dorte Thoning , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Maribo Thomas
Published: July 2024

Background

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are being used frequently in clinical practice. PROs often serve several purposes, such as increasing patient involvement, assessing health status, and monitoring and improving the quality-of-care at an aggregated level. However, the lack of representative PRO-data may have implications for all these purposes. This study aims to assess the association of non-administration of (not sending an electronic invite to PRO) and non-response to (not responding to PRO) electronically administered PROs with social inequality in a primary healthcare cancer rehabilitation setting. Furthermore, it examines whether the workflows surrounding PRO have an impact on non-administration and non-response.

Methods

This is a cross sectional study using routinely collected data from electronic health records and registers including cancer survivors (CSs) over 18 years booked for an initial consultation in a primary healthcare cancer rehabilitation setting using PROs for systematic health status assessment. During the study period two different PRO platforms were used, each associated with different workflows. Non-administration and non-response rates were calculated for sociodemographic characteristics for each PRO platform. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

In total, 1868 (platform 1) and 1446 (platform 2) CSCSs were booked for an initial consultation. Of these, 233 (12.5%) (platform 1) and 283 (19.6%) (platform 2) were not sent a PRO (non-administration). Among those who received a PRO, 157 (9.6%) on platform 1 and 140 (12.0%) on platform 2 did not respond (non-response). Non-administration of and non-response to PROs were significantly associated with lower socioeconomic status. Moreover, the workflows surrounding PROs seem to have an impact on non-inclusion in and non-response to PROs.

Conclusions

Non-administration of and non-response to PROs in clinical practice is associated with determinants of social inequality. Clinical workflows and the PRO platforms used may potentially worsen this inequality. It is important to consider these implications when using PROs at both the individual and aggregated levels. A key aspect of implementing PROs in clinical practice is the ongoing focus on representativeness, including a focus on monitoring PRO administration and response.
Role of optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic marker for neurodegeneration in epilepsy: a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Mekkawy Doaa A. , Rabah Amany Mahmoud , Hegazy Montaser , Sabry Mohamed , Mogahed Hind , Elsawy Enji
Published: July 2024

Background

Progressive neurodegeneration is a common consequence of epilepsy, which has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life. This study aimed to predict neurodegeneration in patients with epilepsy (PwE) through assessment of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, and central macular thickness (CMT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

A cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 30 healthy volunteers. They were subjected to a full neurological examination, ophthalmological assessment, and OCT for assessment of retinal layers, and cognitive examination using Addenbrooke’s scale. PwE had lower cognitive scores, including memory (13.97 ± 2.52), attention (15.95 ± 1.85), language (24.08 ± 1.71), and fluency (6.10 ± 2.05), compared to controls (20.53 ± 3.5), (17.13 ± 1.53), (24.83 ± 0.99), and (8.87 ± 2.39), respectively. There was a significant thinning in average RNFL thickness (84.27 ± 7.66), inferior RNFL thickness (99.33 ± 10.19), average GCC thickness (83.17 ± 9.76), and superior GCC thickness (84.83 ± 7.27) in the epilepsy group compared to controls (105.70 ± 8.73), (104.93 ± 9.75), (101.50 ± 4.84), and (100.53 ± 4.09), respectively. PwE had significantly higher focal macular volume loss (1.17 ± 1.22) versus (0.11 ± 0.21) and a higher insignificant global macular volume loss (1.88 ± 2.32) versus (1.37 ± 0.65) in controls, respectively. Superior GCC thickness was significantly lower in the uncontrolled patients (82.53 ± 6.23) compared to the controlled patients (87.13 ± 7.60), while CMT was significantly lower in the polytherapy group compared to the monotherapy group. There was a significant positive correlation between the age of epilepsy onset and verbal fluency (r = 0.382, p = 0.003). Epilepsy duration had significant negative correlations with memory (r = − 0.364, p = 0.004), inferior RNFL thickness (r = − 0.324, p = 0.012), perifoveal thickness (r = − 0.353, p = 0.006), and inferior (perifoveal) thickness (r = − 0.365, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

PwE receiving anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have reduced GCC, RNFL, and CMT and lower cognitive functions compared to controls. OCT may be a useful tool for detection of neurodegeneration in PwE.
Viabahn endoprosthesis for femoropopliteal aneurysm repair: safety, success rates, and long-term patency
Authors: Brendel Jan M. , Mangold Tobias , Pfändler Markus , Stenzl Benedikt , Andic Mateja , Mück Jonas , Schmehl Jörg , Krumm Patrick , Artzner Christoph , Grözinger Gerd , Estler Arne
Published: July 2024

Background

The Viabahn endoprosthesis has become a vital option for endovascular therapy, yet there is limited long-term data on its effectiveness for peripheral aneurysm repair. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, technical and clinical success, and long-term patency of the Viabahn endoprosthesis for treating femoropopliteal aneurysms.

Methods

This retrospective tertiary single-center study analyzed patients who underwent a Viabahn endoprosthesis procedure for femoropopliteal aneurysm repair from 2010 to 2020. Intraoperative complications, technical and clinical success rates, and major adverse events (MAE, including acute thrombotic occlusion, major amputation, myocardial infarction, and device- or procedure-related death) at 30 days were assessed. Incidence of clinically-driven target lesion revascularisation (cdTLR) was noted. Patency rates were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

Among 19 patients (mean age, 72 ± 12 years; 18 male, 1 female) who underwent aneurysm repair using the Viabahn endoprosthesis, there were no intraoperative adverse events, with 100% technical and clinical success rates. At the 30-day mark, all patients (19/19, 100%) were free of MAE. The median follow-up duration was 1,009 days [IQR, 462–1,466]. Popliteal stent graft occlusion occurred in 2/19 patients (10.5%) after 27 and 45 months, respectively. Consequently, the primary patency rates were 100%, 90%, 74% at 12, 24, and 36–72 months, respectively. Endovascular cdTLR was successful in both cases, resulting in sustained secondary patency at 100%.

Conclusion

The use of Viabahn endoprostheses for femoropopliteal aneurysm repair demonstrated technical and clinical success rates of 100%, a 0% 30-day MAE rate, and excellent long-term patency.
Work-related injuries and illnesses among kitchen workers at two major students’ hostels
Authors: Wassif Ghada O. , Abdelsalam Abeer , Eldin Waleed Salah , Abdel-Hamid Mona A. , Damaty Samia I.
Published: July 2024

Background

Kitchen workers face a disproportionately high risk of injuries and illnesses. Yet, despite the ubiquity of kitchen-related injuries, there has been a relative lack of comprehensive research on this topic, particularly in developing countries. Ain Shams University, as a prestigious educational institution with its diverse kitchen staff, provides an ideal setting for studying the challenges faced in professional kitchens. This study aims to measure the prevalence of work-related injuries and illnesses among kitchen workers of two major students’ hostels at Ain Shams University in Cairo and to explore their risk factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study involving kitchen staff from two hostels that house students at the university was carried out in 2021. The study involved all kitchen staff in the dorms for students (n = 128). Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire.

Results

The findings showed a significant prevalence of work-related illnesses (81.3%) and injuries (77.3%) among restaurant employees. Age, education, and job type all had a statistically significant relationship with the frequency of work-related injuries over the previous year. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between age, job type, and the frequency of diseases among kitchen workers (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Cooks and other food service employees are more susceptible to occupational diseases and injuries in the workplace. Restaurants and the university hostel authorities should implement preventative measures and policies to lower the risk of harm among these employees by offering occupational health and safety services such as training and education programs, personal protective equipment, and regular health examinations.
Unveiling the cultural significance and development of “wajik”, a traditional Javanese food
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world with a diverse array of traditional food, including main dishes, snacks, and indigenous beverages. The paper aims to explore the cultural significance, historical and philosophical perspectives, production, physicochemical properties, recent development studies, and the safety, shelf life and microbiological aspect of wajik, a traditional Javanese food. Wajik originated during the Majapahit era in Central and East Java and is still significant today in ceremonial events. Wajik, rooted in the Javanese phrase "wani tumindak becik", symbolizes courageous pursuit of righteousness and reflects the unwavering commitment to virtuous actions, with its etymological link to diamond-shaped playing cards. Wajik is an officially recognized semi-wet snack made from glutinous rice, palm sugar, and coconut milk, with a distinctive texture and delightful, sweet taste, typically served as a leisure snack due to its parallelogram shape, semi-wet texture, and slight stickiness, requiring specific equipment and standardized ingredients for production. Some strategies have been developed to increase the quality, value added, and to prolong the shelf life of wajik through innovative packaging, food safety system implementation, and product reformulation.
Performing region-specific tasks does not improve lower extremity patient-reported outcome scores
Authors: Korth Moritz J. Sharabianlou , Banta Wade A. , Arora Prerna , Kamal Robin N. , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: July 2024

Background

Patient-reported outcome measures quantify outcomes from patients’ perspective with validated instruments. QuickDASH (Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand, an upper extremity PROM) scores improve after completing instrument tasks, suggesting patient-reported outcome results can be modified. We hypothesized that performing lower extremity tasks on the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction (KOOS-JR) and hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction (HOOS-JR) instruments would similarly improve the scores.

Methods

Forty seven hip and 62 knee osteoarthritis patients presenting to a suburban academic center outpatient osteoarthritis and joint replacement clinic were enrolled and randomized to an intervention or a control group. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years and English competency. Patients completed a HOOS-JR or KOOS-JR instrument, completed tasks similar to those of the instrument (intervention) or the QuickDASH (control), and then repeated instruments again. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to compare the intervention and control group scores before and after tasks.

Results

There was no significant difference in total or individual scores after task completion compared to baseline in either the HOOS-JR or the KOOS-JR groups. There was no significant difference in the scores between the intervention or control groups.

Conclusions

Disability may be less modifiable in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity, perhaps because upper extremity activities are more easily compensated by the contralateral limb, or because lower extremity activities are more frequent. Thorough evaluation of factors influencing patient-reported outcome measures is necessary before their extensive application to quality control and reimbursement models.
Systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammation response index in predicting renal impairment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elmeazawy Rehab , El Shall Sarah , AbdElsamea Manal Zaki , Emara Mohammed Helmi
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of systemic immune-inflammatory index and systemic inflammation response index in predicting early renal impairment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study which searched the electronic medical records of patients consecutively admitted to Pediatric Endocrinology Unit with the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus between August 2022 and July 2023.

Results

A total of 100 children with the diagnosis of T1DM were enrolled in the study. Early stage diabetic nephropathy (DN) was found in 34 patients. Patients with DN showed significantly higher HbA1C, microalbuminuria, cholesterol, TLC, platelet, neutrophil count, NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI than the DM without DN. It was discovered that DN was independently correlated with NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI.

Conclusions

SIRI and SII are easily available and affordable inflammatory markers that may serve as independent early predictors of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Recent application of green analytical chemistry: eco-friendly approaches for pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Mehta Meshwa , Mehta Dhara , Mashru Rajashree
Published: July 2024

Background

The substantially operated analytical instruments dealing in the area of analytical chemistry are traditional methods like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Since they use solvents, produce trash, and require energy, these methods seriously compromise the natural milieu. The excessive consumption of an enormous number of organic solvents, along with the trash created from it, can contaminate the environment. As a result, researchers are now creating novel Green Analytical Chemistry approaches to address these environmental problems and create an ecologically preferable replacement.

Main body of the abstract

Ecologically preferable replacement can be accomplished by using a green solvent, such as ethanol or water, in place of harmful solvents. Additionally, the need for solvent can be decreased by omitting the sample preparation stage wherever possible or by utilising alternate green extraction methods. Adoption of compact methods like ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) may also result in a decrease in the amount of energy used and trash produced during analysis.

Short conclusion

This review features information on using sustainable practises in analytical chemistry as well as details on using green solvents and sample preparation methods such as Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), Qucheers. It also provides information related of application of green analytical techniques such UHPLC, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).
Health outcomes and healthcare utilization associated with four undiagnosed chronic conditions: evidence from nationally representative survey data in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijemunige Nilmini , van Baal Pieter , Rannan-Eliya Ravindra P. , O’Donnell Owen
Published: July 2024

Background

Low awareness of chronic conditions raises the risk of poorer health outcomes and may result in healthcare utilization and spending in response to symptoms of undiagnosed conditions. Little evidence exists, particularly from lower-middle-income countries, on the health and healthcare use of undiagnosed people with an indication of a condition. This study aimed to compare health (physical, mental, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)) and healthcare (inpatient and outpatient visits and out-of-pocket (OOP) medical spending) outcomes of undiagnosed Sri Lankans with an indication of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, diabetes, and depression with the outcomes of their compatriots who were diagnosed or had no indication of these conditions.

Methods

This study used a nationally representative survey of Sri Lankan adults to identify people with an indication of CHD, hypertension, diabetes, or depression, and ascertain if they were diagnosed. Outcomes were self-reported measures of physical and mental functioning (12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12)), HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L), inpatient and outpatient visits, and OOP spending. For each condition, we estimated the mean of each outcome for respondents with (a) no indication, (b) an indication without diagnosis, and (c) a diagnosis. We adjusted the group differences in these means for socio-demographic covariates using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for physical and mental function, Tobit regression for HRQoL, and a generalized linear model (GLM) for healthcare visits and OOP spending.

Results

An indication of each of CHD and depression, which are typically symptomatic, was associated with a lower adjusted mean of physical (CHD -2.65, 95% CI -3.66, -1.63; depression -5.78, 95% CI -6.91, -4.64) and mental functioning (CHD -2.25, 95% CI -3.38, -1.12; depression -6.70, 95% CI -7.97, -5.43) and, for CHD, more annual outpatient visits (2.13, 95% CI 0.81, 3.44) compared with no indication of the respective condition. There were no such differences for indications of hypertension and diabetes, which are often asymptomatic.

Conclusions

Living with undiagnosed CHD and depression was associated with worse health and, for CHD, greater utilization of healthcare. Diagnosis and management of these symptomatic conditions can potentially improve health partly through substitution of effective healthcare for that which primarily responds to symptoms.