bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Prospective Motor Control in 10-Month-Olds at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ekberg Therese L. , Falck-Ytter Terje , Bölte Sven , Gredebäck Gustaf ,   the EASE Team, Ekberg T. L. , Gredebäck G. , Falck-Ytter T. , Bölte S.
Published: April 2015

Motor impairments are not a part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are overrepresented in the ASD population. Deficits in prospective motor control have been demonstrated in adults and older children with ASD but have never before been examined in infants at familial risk for the disorder. We assessed the ability to prospectively control reach-to-grasp actions in 10-month-old siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group, n = 29, 13 female) as well as in a low-risk control group ( n = 16, 8 female). The task was to catch a ball rolling on a curvilinear path off an inclined surface. The low-risk group performed predictive reaches when catching the ball, whereas the high-risk group started their movements reactively. The high-risk group started their reaches significantly later than the low-risk group ( p = .03). These results indicate impaired prospective motor control in infants susceptible for ASD.
The Four U’s
Authors: Uecker Jeremy E. , Pearce Lisa D. , Andercheck Brita
Published: April 2015

College students’ “hookups” have been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Motivations for hooking up have been linked to differences in well-being after the hookup, but studies detailing college students’ motivations for engaging in hookups focus on single motivations. Using data from the 2010 Duke Hookup Survey, we consider how motivations for hooking up cluster to produce different classes, or profiles, of students who hook up, and how these classes are related to hookup regret. Four distinct classes of motivations emerged from our latent class analysis: Utilitarians (50 percent), Uninhibiteds (27 percent), Uninspireds (19 percent), and Unreflectives (4 percent). We find a number of differences in hookup motivation classes across social characteristics, including gender, year in school, race-ethnicity, self-esteem, and attitudes about sexual behavior outside committed relationships. In addition, Uninspireds regret hookups more frequently than members of the other classes, and Uninhibiteds report regret less frequently than Utilitarians and Uninspireds. These findings reveal the complexity of motivations for hooking up and the link between motivations and regret.
Rapid phase transformation under local non-equilibrium diffusion conditions
Authors: Sobolev S. L.
Published: April 2015

Phase transformation with a moving interface occurs under far from local equilibrium conditions when the interface moves with sufficiently high velocity. This deviation cannot be adequately described by the classical irreversible thermodynamics with diffusion equation of parabolic type because it assumes local equilibrium hypothesis. The local non-equilibrium diffusion model has been developed to take into account the deviation from local equilibrium during binary alloy solidification using the hyperbolic diffusion equation. The model introduces a finite propagation velocity of concentration disturbances in the bulk liquid VD as the characteristic diffusion parameter and predicts a sharp transition from diffusion controlled to diffusionless and partitionless solidification at V = VD due to the deviation from local equilibrium. This review does not intend to be extensive, but rather to illustrate the main advances of the local non-equilibrium diffusion approach in rapid alloy solidification. Applications of the local non-equilibrium model to other phase transformation processes such as solid–solid transformation, colloidal and multicomponent alloy solidification have been briefly discussed. The parallels and possible combinations of the model with molecular dynamics, phase field, phase field crystal and cellular automata methods have been considered.
Effects of inhalation of low-dose nitrite or carbon monoxide on post-reperfusion mitochondrial function and tissue injury in hemorrhagic shock swine
Authors: Haugaa Håkon , Gómez Hernando , Maberry Donald R , Holder Andre , Ogundele Olufunmilayo , Quintero Ana Maria B , Escobar Daniel , Tønnessen Tor Inge , Airgood Hannah , Dezfulian Cameron , Kenny Elizabeth , Shiva Sruti , Zuckerbraun Brian , Pinsky Michael R
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods

Twenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model.

Results

Neither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups.

Conclusions

We conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock.
Does sodium bicarbonate infusion really have no effect on the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery? A prospective observational trial
Authors: Wetz Anna J , Bräuer Anselm , Quintel Michael , Heise Daniel
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently observed phenomenon after cardiac surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB); this severe complication is associated with adverse patient outcomes. There are multiple mechanisms involved in AKI during cardiac surgery, including CPB-dependent hemolysis. An IV infusion of sodium bicarbonate, which leads to urine alkalization, may play a role in preventing AKI. Recently, several trials have investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate and reported controversial results. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the following question. Under what circumstances can sodium bicarbonate prevent postoperative AKI?

Methods

We analyzed data from 342 patients undergoing CPB surgery at the University Hospital Goettingen, Germany. A total of 174 patients received a preemptive dose of sodium bicarbonate. Directly after the induction of anesthesia, the continuous infusion of 0.15 mmol/kg body weight/h was started and continued until 2 pm on the first postoperative day. Patients who were not treated with sodium bicarbonate formed the control group (n = 168). To verify the AKI risk configuration of each group, we surveyed risk factors and determined the commonly used clinical predictive score according to Thakar and colleagues. We recorded the concentration of free hemoglobin (fhb) to estimate the amount of CPB-dependent hemolysis. The definition of AKI was acquired by applying the AKI-network (AKIN) classification over the course of five postoperative days.

Results

Patients who received the sodium bicarbonate infusion showed a significantly lower incidence (35.6 vs. 50%) of AKI than that of patients who did not receive the infusion (p = 0.01). AKIN levels 2 and 3 were also more frequent when sodium bicarbonate was not administered. Particularly, in the low-risk cohort (<3 Thakar points), the incidence of AKI was significantly reduced (26 vs. 46%) when patients received sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.01), whereas in the high-risk patients, no significant reduction was observed.

Conclusion

In this study, we observed that low-risk patients particularly benefited from the preventive treatment with sodium bicarbonate. The incidence of AKI was significantly reduced in low-risk patients while there was no statistically significant difference in the high-risk patient cohort.

Trial registration

DRKS00007616, Registered 12 December 2014.
Time in blood glucose range 70 to 140 mg/dl >80% is strongly associated with increased survival in non-diabetic critically ill adults
Authors: Krinsley James S , Preiser Jean-Charles
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and increased glucose variability are independently associated with increased risk of death in critically ill adults. The relationship between time in targeted blood glucose range (TIR) and mortality is not well described and may be a factor that has confounded the results of the major interventional trials of intensive insulin therapy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data involving 3,297 patients with intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOS) of ≥1.0 day who were admitted between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 to a single mixed medical-surgical ICU. We investigated the relationship between TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl with mortality and compared outcomes of non-diabetics (NON) and individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), including stratifying by TIR above (TIR-hi) and below (TIR-lo) the median value for the NON and DM groups.

Results

There were 85,799 blood glucose (BG) values for the NON group and 32,651 for the DM group, and we found that 75.5% and 54.8%, respectively, were between 70 and 140 (P <0.0001). The median (interquartile range) TIR (%) values for the NON and DM groups were 80.6% (61.4% to 94.0%) and 55.0% (35.5% to 71.1%), respectively (P <0.0001). For the NON group, mortality was 8.47% and 15.71% for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, respectively (P <0.0001). For the DM group, mortality was 16.09% and 14.44% for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, respectively (P = NS). We observed similar relationships for the NON group when we stratified by ICU LOS or severity of illness, especially in the most severely ill patients. There was a cumulative interaction of indices of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia or glucose variability with TIR. Multivariable analysis demonstrated, for the NON group, that TIR-hi was independently associated with increased survival (P =0.0019). For the NON group, the observed-to-expected mortality ratios for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV methodology, were 0.53 and 0.78, respectively. In contrast, among those in the DM group, there was no clear relationship between TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl and survival.

Conclusions

Independently of ICU LOS and severity of illness, TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl >80% is strongly associated with survival in critically ill patients without diabetes. These findings have implications for the design of clinical protocols for glycemic control in critically ill patients as well for the design of future interventional trials of intensive insulin therapy.
Molecular insight into thiopurine resistance: transcriptomic signature in lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Chouchana Laurent , Fernández-Ramos Ana Aurora , Dumont Florent , Marchetti Catherine , Ceballos-Picot Irène , Beaune Philippe , Gurwitz David , Loriot Marie-Anne
Published: April 2015

Background

There has been considerable progress in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but further improvement is needed to increase long-term survival. The thiopurine agent 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) used for ALL maintenance therapy has a key influence on clinical outcomes and relapse prevention. Genetic inheritance in thiopurine metabolism plays a major role in interindividual clinical response variability to thiopurines; however, most cases of thiopurine resistance remain unexplained.

Methods

We used lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from healthy donors, selected for their extreme thiopurine susceptibility. Thiopurine metabolism was characterized by the determination of TPMT and HPRT activity. We performed genome-wide expression profiling in resistant and sensitive cell lines with the goal of elucidating the mechanisms of thiopurine resistance.

Results

We determined a higher TPMT activity (+44%; P = 0.024) in resistant compared to sensitive cell lines, although there was no difference in HPRT activity. We identified a 32-gene transcriptomic signature that predicts thiopurine resistance. This signature includes the GTPBP4 gene coding for a GTP-binding protein that interacts with p53. A comprehensive pathway analysis of the genes differentially expressed between resistant and sensitive cell lines indicated a role for cell cycle and DNA mismatch repair system in thiopurine resistance. It also revealed overexpression of the ATM/p53/p21 pathway, which is activated in response to DNA damage and induces cell cycle arrest in thiopurine resistant LCLs. Furthermore, overexpression of the p53 target gene TNFRSF10D or the negative cell cycle regulator CCNG2 induces cell cycle arrest and may also contribute to thiopurine resistance. ARHGDIA under-expression in resistant cell lines may constitute a novel molecular mechanism contributing to thiopurine resistance based on Rac1 inhibition induced apoptosis and in relation with thiopurine pharmacodynamics.

Conclusion

Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying thiopurine resistance and suggests a potential research focus for developing tailored medicine.
Involvement of RORγt-overexpressing T cells in the development of autoimmune arthritis in mice
Authors: Kondo Yuya , Yao Zhaojin , Tahara Masahiro , Iizuka Mana , Yokosawa Masahiro , Kaneko Shunta , Segawa Seiji , Tsuboi Hiroto , Yoh Keigyou , Takahashi Satoru , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Differentiation of T helper 17 cells is dependent on the expression of transcription retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt). The purpose of our study is to determine the role of RORγt expression in T cells on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods

CIA was induced in C57BL/6 and T cell-specific RORγt transgenic (RORγt Tg) mice. At day 10 post-1st-immunization, lymph node (LN) cells were cultured with type II collagen (CII), and the expression levels of various cytokines and transcription factors on CD4+ T cells were measured. Total cells or CD4+ cells of draining LN were harvested from each mouse group after CII-immunization and transferred into C57BL/6 mice, and then CIA was induced in recipient mice. The expression levels of RORγt and other surface antigens, and the production of cytokines were analyzed in forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Foxp3+ Treg cells were analyzed for suppressive activity against proliferation of effector CD4+ T cells. Interlukin (IL)-10 neutralizing antibody was administrated in the course of CIA.

Results

CIA was significantly suppressed in RORγt Tg mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. RORγt expression and IL-17 production were significantly higher in CII-reactive CD4+ T cells from RORγt Tg mice. Arthritis was significantly attenuated in C57BL/6 mice recipient of cells from RORγt Tg mice. Most of Foxp3+ Treg cells expressed RORγt, produced IL-10 but not IL-17, and overexpressed CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and surface antigens related to the suppressive activity of Foxp3+ Treg cells in RORγt Tg mice. In vitro suppression assay demonstrated significant augmentation of the suppressive capacity of Foxp3+ Treg cells in RORγt Tg mice. CIA was exacerbated in both C57BL/6 mice and RORγt Tg mice by the treatment of anti-IL-10 antibody.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that RORγt overexpression in T cells protected against the development of CIA. The protective effects were mediated, at least in part, through the anti-inflammatory effects including high production of IL-10 of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg cells.
Raman spectroscopy for grading of live osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Chiang Yi-Hung , Wu Stewart H , Kuo Yi-Chun , Chen How-Foo , Chiou Arthur , Lee Oscar K
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, and the grading of osteosarcoma cells relies on traditional histopathology and molecular biology methods, which require RNA extraction, protein isolation and immunohistological staining. All these methods require cell isolation, lysis or fixation, which is time-consuming and requires certain amount of tumor specimen. In this study, we report the use of Raman spectroscopy for grading of malignant osteosarcoma cells.

Methods

We demonstrate that, based on the detection of differential production of mineral species, Raman spectroscopy can be used as a live cell analyzer to accurately assess the grades of osteosarcoma cells by evaluating their mineralization levels. Mineralization level was assessed by measuring amount of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is highly expressed in mature osteoblasts, but not in poorly differentiated osteosarcoma cell or mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cell-of-origin of osteosarcoma.

Results

We found that under Raman spectroscopy, the level of HA production was high in MG-63 cells, which are low-grade. Moreover, hydroxyapatite production was low in high-grade osteosarcoma cells such as 143B and SaOS2 cells (p < 0.05). Matrix metalloproteinase MMP2, MMP9 were highly expressed in SaOS2, 143B and MSCs and decreased in human fetal osteoblast (FOB) and MG-63 cells as expected (p < 0.05). These results may highlight the inverse correlation between HA level and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Conclusions

The use of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of HA production by the protocol reported in this study may serve as a useful tool to rapidly and accurately assess the degree of malignancy in osteosarcoma cells in a label-free manner. Such application may shorten the period of pathological diagnosis and may benefit patients who are inflicted with osteosarcoma.
De novo assembly of the chimpanzee transcriptome from NextGen mRNA sequences
Authors: Maudhoo Mnirnal D , Madison Jacob D , Norgren Robert B
Published: April 2015

Background

Common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are the species most closely related to humans. For this reason, it is especially important to have complete and accurate chimpanzee nucleotide and protein sequences to understand how humans evolved their unique capabilities. We provide transcriptome data from four untransformed cell types derived from the reference Pan troglodytes, “Clint”, to better annotate the chimpanzee genome and provide empirical validation for proposed gene models of this important species.

Findings

RNA was extracted from primary cells cultured from four tissues: skin, adipose stroma, vascular smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. These four RNA samples were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Sequences were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Transcripts were assembled, annotated and deposited in the NCBI Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) database.

Conclusions

We have provided a high quality annotation of 44,275 transcripts with full-length coding sequence (CDS). This set represented a total of 10,110 unique genes, thus providing empirical support for their existence. This dataset can be used to improve the annotation of the Pan troglodytes genome.
Sino-Italian Relations in a Turbulent Mediterranean: Trends and Opportunities
Authors: Andornino Giovanni B.
Published: April 2015

This essay analyzes Sino-Italian relations against the background of the increasing salience of the West Asia and North Africa region in Rome’s and Beijing’s strategic calculus. As China projects westward through its New Silk Road strategy, culminating at the intersection of the Mediterranean Sea and Europe’s core, the spectrum of Italy’s foreign policy options opens to innovative forms of cooperation with China to meet the challenges emanating from the European Union’s southern and southeastern neighborhoods. An integrated study of the dynamics of Sino-Italian bilateral relations and of the mounting strategic exposure both countries have across West Asia and North Africa underscores the urgency of consolidating the societal foundations of the strategic partnership ten years after its launch.
A View from Ankara: Turkey’s Relations with China in a Changing Middle East
Authors: Atlı Altay
Published: April 2015

The Middle East is going through a period of profound change in the wake of the Arab Spring, and there are several dynamics and actors shaping the contours of the change. China is one of the relatively new actors on this stage, actively engaging the Middle East both economically and politically. Beijing’s dependence on Middle East hydrocarbons is increasing, and the stakes are rising in the competition between global powers seeking to secure their interests in the region. It is therefore crucial to examine how relations between China and the countries of the region are taking shape. This essay investigates how Turkey’s relations with China have been evolving in recent years within the context of a changing Middle East and how these relations, at both the bilateral and the regional levels, will be an important factor shaping the dynamics of a transforming region.
The Hawkes Process with Different Exciting Functions and its Asymptotic Behavior
Authors: Fierro Raúl , Leiva Víctor , Møller Jesper
Published: April 2015

The standard Hawkes process is constructed from a homogeneous Poisson process and uses the same exciting function for different generations of offspring. We propose an extension of this process by considering different exciting functions. This consideration may be important in a number of fields; e.g. in seismology, where main shocks produce aftershocks with possibly different intensities. The main results are devoted to the asymptotic behavior of this extension of the Hawkes process. Indeed, a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem are stated. These results allow us to analyze the asymptotic behavior of the process when unpredictable marks are considered.
Maximal Percentages in Pólya's Urn
Authors: Schulte-Geers Ernst , Stadje Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

We show that the supremum of the successive percentages of red balls in Pólya's urn model is almost surely rational, give the set of values that are taken with positive probability, and derive several exact distributional results for the all-time maximal percentage.
Eigentime Identity for One-Dimensional Diffusion Processes
Authors: Cheng Li-Juan , Mao Yong-Hua
Published: April 2015

The eigentime identity for one-dimensional diffusion processes on the halfline with an entrance boundary at ∞ is obtained by using the trace of the deviation kernel. For the case of an exit boundary at ∞, a similar eigentime identity is presented with the aid of the Green function. Explicit equivalent statements are also listed in terms of the strong ergodicity or the uniform decay for diffusion processes.
Ergodic Inequality of a Two-Parameter Infinitely-Many-Alleles Diffusion Model
Authors: Zhou Youzhou
Published: April 2015

In this paper three models are considered. They are the infinitely-many-neutral-alleles model of Ethier and Kurtz (1981), the two-parameter infinitely-many-alleles diffusion model of Petrov (2009), and the infinitely-many-alleles model with symmetric dominance Ethier and Kurtz (1998). New representations of the transition densities are obtained for the first two models and the ergodic inequalities are provided for all three models.
New Results for the Two-Stage Contact Process
Authors: Foxall Eric
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we continue the work started by Steve Krone on the two-stage contact process. We give a simplified proof of the duality relation and answer most of the open questions posed in Krone (1999). We also fill in the details of an incomplete proof.
A Queueing Loss Model with Heterogeneous Skill Based Servers Under Idle Time Ordering Policies
Authors: Haji Babak , Ross Sheldon M.
Published: April 2015

We consider a queueing loss system with heterogeneous skill based servers with arbitrary service distributions. We assume Poisson arrivals, with each arrival having a vector indicating which of the servers are eligible to serve it. An arrival can only be assigned to a server that is both idle and eligible. Assuming exchangeable eligibility vectors and an idle time ordering assignment policy, the limiting distribution of the system is derived. It is shown that the limiting probabilities of the set of idle servers depend on the service time distributions only through their means. Moreover, conditional on the set of idle servers, the remaining service times of the busy servers are independent and have their respective equilibrium service distributions.
Leiomodin-3-deficient mice display nemaline myopathy with fast-myofiber atrophy
Authors: Tian Lei , Ding Sheng , You Yun , Li Tong-ruei , Liu Yan , Wu Xiaohui , Sun Ling , Xu Tian
Published: April 2015

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common forms of congenital myopathy, and affects either fast myofibers, slow myofibers, or both. However, an animal model for congenital myopathy with fast-myofiber-specific atrophy is not available. Furthermore, mutations in the leiomodin-3 (LMOD3) gene have recently been identified in a group of individuals with NM. However, it is not clear how loss of LMOD3 leads to NM. Here, we report a mouse mutant in which the piggyBac (PB) transposon is inserted into the Lmod3 gene and disrupts its expression. Lmod3PB/PB mice show severe muscle weakness and postnatal growth retardation. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies of the mutant skeletal muscles revealed the presence of nemaline bodies, a hallmark of NM, and disorganized sarcomeric structures. Interestingly, Lmod3 deficiency caused muscle atrophy specific to the fast fibers. Together, our results show that Lmod3 is required in the fast fibers for sarcomere integrity, and this study offers the first NM mouse model with muscle atrophy that is specific to fast fibers. This model could be a valuable resource for interrogating myopathy pathogenesis and developing therapeutics for NM as well as other pathophysiological conditions with preferential atrophy of fast fibers, including cancer cachexia and sarcopenia.
Modulation of heart rate responses to acute stressors throughout the breeding season in a colonial seabird, the king penguin
Authors: Viblanc Vincent A. , Smith Andrew D. , Gineste Benoit , Kauffmann Marion , Groscolas René
Published: April 2015

‘Fight-or-flight’ stress responses allow animals to cope adaptively with sudden threats by mobilizing energy resources and priming the body to action. Because such responses can be costly and redirect behavior and energy from reproduction to survival, they are likely shaped by specific life-history stages, considering available energy resources and the commitment to reproduction. Here, we consider how heart rate responses to acute stressors are affected by advancing breeding season in a colonial seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). We subjected 77 birds (44 males, 33 females) at various stages of incubation and chick-rearing to three experimental stressors (a metal sound, a distant approach and a capture) known to vary both in their intensity and associated risk, and monitored their heart rate (HR) responses. Our results show that HR excess in response to acute stressors was progressively attenuated with an advancement in breeding from incubation to chick-rearing. Stress responses did not vary according to nutritional status, nor seasonal timing (whether breeding was initiated early or late in the season), but were markedly lower during chick-rearing than during incubation. This pattern was obvious for all 3 stressors. We discuss how ‘fight-or-flight’ responses may be modulated considering the energy commitment to breeding, nutritional status and reproductive value of the brood in breeding seabirds.
Jumping mechanisms and strategies in moths (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Burrows M. , Dorosenko M.
Published: April 2015

To test whether jumping launches moths into the air, take-off by 58 species, ranging in mass from 0.1 to 220 mg, was captured in videos at 1000 frames s−1. Three strategies for jumping were identified. First, rapid movements of both middle and hind legs provided propulsion while the wings remained closed. Second, middle and hind legs again provided propulsion but the wings now opened and flapped after take-off. Third, wing and leg movements both began before take-off and led to an earlier transition to powered flight. The middle and hind legs were of similar lengths and were between 10 and 130% longer than the front legs. The rapid depression of the trochantera and extension of the middle tibiae began some 3 ms before similar movements of the hind legs, but their tarsi lost contact with the ground before take-off. Acceleration times ranged from 10 ms in the lightest moths to 25 ms in the heaviest ones. Peak take-off velocities varied from 0.6 to 0.9 m s−1 in all moths, with the fastest jump achieving a velocity of 1.2 m s−1. The energy required to generate the fastest jumps was 1.1 µJ in lighter moths but rose to 62.1 µJ in heavier ones. Mean accelerations ranged from 26 to 90 m s−2 and a maximum force of 9 g was experienced. The highest power output was within the capability of normal muscle so that jumps were powered by direct contractions of muscles without catapult mechanisms or energy storage.
Higher School’s Strategic Activities for Educational Process Organization
Authors: Бикбулатова  , Bikbulatova Valentina , Рабаданова  , Rabadanova Raziyat
Published: April 2015

Higher school’s main objectives orientated from subjectcentered

direction to result-centered and competence-activity one

are considered in this paper. Innovative processes which bear in

themselves the progressive beginning and allow in changing conditions

more effectively solve learning tasks, which purpose is students’

development in so far as relevant to their potential opportunities

of new experience acquisition, and investment themselves into

activity, are regular in the modern education development. Any

changes happening to students (functional and genetic) are result

of their own internal activity which is provided by conditions of

educational process organization.
Profession Choice by Students of Tourist Higher Education Institution: Motivational Analysis
Authors: Бригинец  , Briginets I.
Published: April 2015

Today the educational system is characterized by multiplication

of poly-cultural processes as well as by updating of crosscultural

dialogue. An educational model answering to new social

and economic inquiries is only starting its self-development. Tourism

sphere professional formation is beginning from the moment of this

profession choice. Symbiosis, a direct dynamic interrelation of

professional socialization and system of professional knowledge

and skills is important. The motivation for profession choice by

students of tourist higher education institution has been studied

during sociological research, conducted by questionnaire method

on the basis of Russian International Academy for Tourism and its

Moscow branch. A sample volume was 564 respondents: 250 students

of 1 course and 314 students of 4 course participated in comparative

research (continuous sampling). Conclusions: the motivation

of person’s professional self-determination has multi-vector structure.

Considerable determination by internal motives is supplemented

among the students with influence of external motivation

both of positive and negative value. At the existing high rates of

separate types motivation influence there is some decreasing of

indicators for such motives as "Prestige value ", "Opportunity to

bring benefit to people", "Possibility for use of professional abilities

out of work" among the 4 course students against the 1 course ones.

Results promote understanding of essence for tourism manager’s

professional motivation as a set of steady motives including: professional

motives; motives of professional development; pragmatic

motives; informative motives; motives of person’s self-realization;

social motives.
Teaching Motivation Problem and Some Ways of Its Overcoming in English Classe at Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Синицына  , Sinitsyna I.
Published: April 2015

This paper is devoted to a problem of English study motivation

increase among students of higher educational institutions’

non-language faculties. The motivation has been presented as a

difficult category including some components; two types of motivation

– the instrumental and integrative ones are considered. In this

paper a review of fixed assets allowing make language study process

more fascinating, and also a number of problems which can arise

in the course of modern teaching methods application is given.
Introduction of Teaching’s Innovative Formats for the Purpose of Students’ Creative Abilities Development
Authors: Зотова  , Zotova A.
Published: April 2015

Modern society’s development vectors orientate an education

system on new type graduates which able to think, be infor -

mational educated, capable to apply modern technologies, to use

in professional activity not only theoretical and applied knowledge

and skills, but also their own creative potential. The purpose of this

work is a description of an integrative method used in the course

of teaching as the instrument for activation of student’s creative

opportunities. Significant increase of young people’s creative opportunities,

their personal and professional growth is result of such

practice. Integrative method use in the course of teaching will allow

create the favorable environment for "creation" of new level experts.
Biomechanical personalization techniques of stenting and balloon dilatation of coronary artery
Authors: Зарецкий  , Zaretskiy A.
Published: April 2015

An important practical problem is a personalized selection of characteristics and parameters of intravascular frame to reduce traumatism of inner lining artery - the intima, which, in turn, reduces the instent restenosis. The solution of this problem is due to the phase calculation biomechanical model of the vessel with its stenosed area and implantable stent in accordance with the mechanical and geometric parameters of the pathophysiological characteristics and conditionally normal plots of the artery. The article presents the techniques and methods selection of the geometric characteristics of the stent, the pressure in the balloon used for intravascular angioplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient´s coronary artery. The selection me-thods are based on biomechanical models of intact areas of the coronary arteries, the parameters were taken from the available references. As the study results are data obtained in simulation of balloon dilation and stenting of the coronary arteries.

The presented calculations require biomechanical computer models of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric stenosed intact aras of the coronary arteries, as well as biomechanical models commonly used stents and dilatation balloon catheters for interventional procedures on coronary arteries.
Microvascular bed as a new object to the treatment of malignant tumors (scientific review)
Authors: Дзасохов  , Dzasokhov Aleksey
Published: April 2015

This brief scientific review presents the main provisions of molecular-genetic theory of carcinogenesis. The review contains data on the presence of supra-cellular mechanisms of regulation of tissue homeostasis, which can be explained from the perspective of molecular-genetic approach, as well as data on the interpretation of the dominant theory of carcinogenesis based on other pathogenetic mechanisms that allows the author to con-tinue developing of tissue theory of carcinogenesis. Modern concepts of structural and functional characteristics of the microcirculatory channel are described. In the review the author provides convincing data, including its own data on the oxygen therapy effect (normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy), on modulation of antioxi-dant activity of the tumor, on controlled differentiation of malignant cells by means of surgical method (by changing antegrade blood flow in the retrograde through vascular reverse). The importance of microcirculatory level of tissue homeostasis is defined. The review describes the significance of hyper-expression of this gene in the gene for factor vascular endothelial growth in carcinogenesis and forming a secondary tumor micro-circulation. The author gives pathogenetic substantiation of anti-VEGF therapy of malignant tumors by bevaci-zumab from the point of view of tissue approach to carcinogenesis. The main provisions of microcirculatory tissue theory of carcinogenesis are formulated.
To the problem of planning of complex rehabilitation of patients with maxillofacial deformities (brief review)
Authors: Лесников  , Lesnikov R. , Коваленко  , Kovalenko M. , Журихина  , Zhurikhina I. , Золотарева  , Zolotareva E. , Татаринцев  , Tatarintsev M.
Published: April 2015

Comprehensive treatment of gnato-cranial deformations is determined by morphological, functional and aesthetic criteria. The general plan of rehabilitation of patients with lower jaw abnormalities must take into account the objective and subjective decisions of tasks of therapy. The fundamental concepts of combination therapy should be based on the factors of symmetry, proportionality and compliance averaged standard visual appeal. The analysis of each factor involves the use of special methods of research. Protocol the patient´s rehabilitation must be based on all individual characteristics of the patient.
Myofascial syndrome: from etiology to therapy (literature review)
Authors: Тардов  , Tardov M. , Болдин  , Boldin A. , Кунельская  , Kunelskaya N.
Published: April 2015

Myofascial pain syndromes are rightly to enduring health problems. The authors emphasize that the etiology and pathogenesis of these conditions are reviewed with the "enviable" frequency. It is natural, it affects on the common principles of treatment and rehabilitation of this population. In this regard, the present review discuss current views on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and common principles of treatment of myofascial pain syndromes, mechanisms of action and features of the drug and non-drug methods used in the clinic vertebral neurology. The authors describe the principles of modern trends of manual therapy and reflexology. The review presents EMG and ultrasound methods for diagnosis of trigger points, the characteristics of local muscle hypertones: painful and not painful. Special attention is paid to such phenomena as dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint and laryngeal-pharyngeal block, viscero-motor reflexes and posthistory syndrome.
Effect of helium-neon laser on the limbal zone cells of human eye
Authors: Сабурова  , Saburova I. , Копаева  , Kopaeva V. , Копаев  , Kopaev S. , Борзенок  , Borzenok S.
Published: April 2015

Currently, a helium-neon laser is widely used in the treatment of degenerative, inflammatory and vascular diseases of the eye. It was found that the interaction of this radiation with different tissues, as a result of complex photochemical processes, is manifested by anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, resolving effects. Also, there is a stimulating effect on the processes of reparation and trophism. However, these observations relate to the use of laser for external irradiation, when the light goes through the air and the sclera or through the cornea. Research of the effect of endo-laser direct exposure of the fiber in the cavity of the eye, where light acts directly on epithelial or limbal cells, wasn’t carry out due to objective reasons (difficulty of conducting such research directly to patients). There is currently no data on the effect of helium-neon laser on the limbal area of the eye-ball, enriched endogenous stem and progenitor cells. They help repair damaged tissues in the eye (anterior and posterior segment) at various injuries. Cell culture, grown in vitro, are free from the influences of body systems, attract researchers as a unique model to study the behavior of cells in normal but also in response to external or internal factors. Currently, scientists have learned how to obtain and difficult to cultivate a culture of cells, in-cluding tissues of the human eye. They are genetically homogeneous population of cells growing in constant conditions. The viability and morphology of cells and their ultra-structure and various molecular biological cha-racteristics can be studied in cell culture, and to find the optimal conditions of laser irradiation, does not damage the cells. In the present work the authors studied the effect of low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation (632 nm) on limbal stem cells. Conducted in vitro studies have shown that the use of low-energy helium-neon laser irrad-iation (632 nm) has a positive effect on the monolayer culture of limbal stem cells. Absence of changes in cell phenotype and high proliferative activity indicate a stimulating effect of the investigated radiation on stem and progenitor cells, leading to the result of the activation of recovery and reduction of pathological changes at the cellular and organ and tissue levels.
The study of effect of local therapy by essential oils applications on the dynamics of the immune and hormonal indicators and the optimization efficiency of rehabilitation treatment of patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Бобкова  , Bobkova A. , Деревнина  , Derevnina N. , Дашина  , Dashina T. , Агасаров  , Agasarov L.
Published: April 2015

Purpose of this research is to study the effects of essential oils applications on the dynamics of the immune and hormonal indicators and clinical picture of osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. 30 women with osteoarthritis were treated by applications of mixture of essential oils: lavender, ginger, peppermint, rosemary, pine, clove, nutmeg, eucalyptus, thyme, anise. The dynamics of the immunological status: the total number of leucocytes; absolute and % of number of total lymphocytes, CD3,CD4+,CD8+, То cells, the indicators of immune-regulatory index CD4+/CD8+, absolute and % indicators CD19, IgG, IgA, IgM was studied. The dynamics of indicators of endocrine systems: somatotropic hormone, prolactin, cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, paratiritis hormone, calci-tonin, osteocalcin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and total testosterone, dehydroe-piandrosterone, aldosterone, progesterone, insulin , C-peptide, index HOMA-IR was examined. Results. Before treatment - immunodeficiency CD3, CD4, То cells, increasing CD8 cytotoxic cells, re-ducing the index CD4+ /CD8+ were revealed. After therapy – it was noted increasing CD4, То cells, reducing CD8, increasing the index CD4+ /CD8+. There were a statistically significant increase in testosterone (p<0.05), reduced levels of insulin and glucose (p<0.05), index, HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Against the background of im-provement of immune and hormonal status, the decrease in pain and improvement of function of the joints, according to algo-functional index Lekena (p<0.05), are marked.
Adaptive-compensatory reorganization of neural tissue multi-chambered stomach
Authors: Вечканова  , Vechkanova N. , Бушукина  , Bushukina O.
Published: April 2015

Based on the comparative complex neuromorphological, morphometric and histochemical studies of ganglia of intermuscular plexus multichamber stomach (its departments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum) of lambs of edilbaev’s breed located on the induction effect with ewes (control group) and bottle-fed sheep milk substitute (ZOM) Colvo-Start (experience) of adaptive-compensatory changes in the nervous tissue of the organ are set. Adapting to artificial feeding is manifested in the dairy phase (15 days), a decrease in the growth potential of the main population nerve-cell ganglia scar delayed cytodifferentiation in the ganglia of the grid and of rennet, the asynchronous nature of cell differentiation in a medium-sized portion of the stomach, which leads to increased morphological and functional heterogeneity of the nervous tissue of the stomach multicam . Adaptive-compensatory changes are associated with the hypertrophic growth of large neurons, a decrease in their content in the ganglia, change neuro-glial relations, increased ferningdendro-axonal tree and subsequent to the period of transition to the definitive animal feed, reduction of secondary branching dendrites. Changes due to the changing nature of breastfeeding are a reflection of the complex and dynamic processes of compensatory adaptation, which is peculiar to the entire nervous system as a whole, which has a high potency for self-regulation.
Effect of silver nanoparticles on biofilms of microorganisms (review)
Authors: Гладких  , Gladkikh P.
Published: April 2015

Nanotechnology enter in all spheres of human activity, particularly in medicine. Using nanoprogress allows the use of various nanostructures in the traditional methods therapy of various pathologies. The growing resistance to antibiotic drugs among human pathogens strains of microorganisms requires the development of alternatives. Silver nanoparticles are current contenders for the role of an alternative to modern antibiotics. They are able to transfer therapeutic agents, act on the membrane of microbial cells, disrupting their livelihoods and leading to death, as they are less toxic than silver ions. The use of nanoparticles is an effective tool in combating formed biofilms on medical supplies, and prevent to their education. Nanoparticles have proved positively against many antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, including planktonic phase P. aureginosa. Synergistic effect observed while using of nanoparticles and various antibiotics. Antibacterial properties studied in experimental models of peritonitis and meningoencephalitis. In case of peritonitis high efficiency.
The autonomic nervous system and functional asymmetry in gerontology (literature review)
Authors: Филатова  , Filatova O. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr , Хадарцева  , Khadartseva K.
Published: April 2015

To solve the problems of gerontology this review presents the detailed description of the choices of the many signs as the most significant for the assessment of functional systems of the organism. The authors have justified the expediency to abandon the deterministic and stochastic approaches to complex systems - complexity. The possibilities of chaos theory and self-organization systems have been described in detail. The review provides a description of the capabilities of nano-emulsion, neuro-computing, method of calculation quasi-attractors for the solution of problems of system synthesis to identify order parameters. The authors presented data on the use of these methods for different age groups of women Khanty living in the North of Russia. The necessity to increase the number of iterations (settings) neuro-motor to increase the precision of separation of the samples was established. The authors proposed to implement the methods of chaos theory and self-organization in the practice of gerontology.