bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Localized LSR: A Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Behavior and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Reaves Denise K. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Fagan-Solis Katerina D. , Jima Dereje D. , Bereman Michael , Thorpe Lynnelle , Hicks Jyla , McDonald David , Troester Melissa A. , Perou Charles M. , Fleming Jodie M.
Published: November 2016

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) has been found in the plasma membrane and is believed to function in lipoprotein endocytosis and tight junctions. Given the impact of cellular metabolism and junction signaling pathways on tumor phenotypes and patient outcome, it is important to understand how LSR cellular localization mediates its functions. We conducted localization studies, evaluated DNA binding, and examined the effects of nuclear LSR in cells, xenografts, and clinical specimens. We found LSR within the membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus of breast cancer cells representing multiple intrinsic subtypes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed direct binding of LSR to DNA, and sequence analysis identified putative functional motifs and post-translational modifications of the LSR protein. While neither overexpression of transcript variants, nor pharmacologic manipulation of post-translational modification significantly altered localization, inhibition of nuclear export enhanced nuclear localization, suggesting a mechanism for nuclear retention. Coimmunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays indicated LSR–pericentrin interactions, presenting potential mechanisms for nuclear-localized LSR. The clinical significance of LSR was evaluated using data from over 1,100 primary breast tumors, which showed high LSR levels in basal-like tumors and tumors from African-Americans. In tumors histosections, nuclear localization was significantly associated with poor outcomes. Finally, in vivo xenograft studies revealed that basal-like breast cancer cells that overexpress LSR exhibited both membrane and nuclear localization, and developed tumors with 100% penetrance, while control cells lacking LSR developed no tumors. These results show that nuclear LSR alters gene expression and may promote aggressive cancer phenotypes.

Implications: LSR functions in the promotion of aggressive breast cancer phenotypes and poor patient outcome via differential subcellular localization to alter cell signaling, bioenergetics, and gene expression. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 165–78. ©2016 AACR.
Feasibility of Laryngeal Mask Airway Device Placement in Neonates
Authors: Wanous Amanda A. , Wey Andrew , Rudser Kyle D. , Roberts Kari D.
Published: November 2016

Background: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has been used in adult and pediatric populations for decades. While the familiarity of its use in the neonatal population is increasing, there are few data investigating this. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of LMA placement in neonates by investigating the time and number of attempts required for successful placement and physiologic stability during the placement of the device. Methods: This study is one component of a national, multicenter, randomized controlled trial investigating surfactant administration through an LMA in neonates. Videotape of LMA placement was reviewed to determine the total procedure time and the number of attempts required to successfully place the device. Heart rate and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were analyzed as change from baseline, in order to examine physiologic stability during device placement. Results: Videotape and physiologic data were analyzed for 36 infants. Gestational age ranged from 293/7 to 354/7 weeks (mean 33 ± 1.7) with the birth weight ranging from 1,290 to 3,180 g (mean 2,006 ± 482). Average total procedure time was 88 s (±136) with 64% of the procedures successfully completed in <35 s. Successful placement was achieved on the first attempt in 69% of the cases. Compared to baseline, heart rate increased by an average of 1 bpm (±4.5) and SaO2 decreased an average of 6% (±7). Conclusions: Successful placement was achieved in the majority of patients in <35 s and required only one attempt. Physiologic parameters were maintained close to baseline, measured by minimal fluctuation in heart rate and SaO2 during the procedure. Placement of the LMA is feasible in neonates.
Body Composition in Very Preterm Infants: Role of Neonatal Characteristics and Nutrition in Achieving Growth Similar to Term Infants
Authors: Tremblay Geneviève , Boudreau Christine , Bélanger Sylvie , St-Onge Odette , Pronovost Etienne , Simonyan David , Marc Isabelle
Published: November 2016

Background: The identification of factors involved in the postnatal growth of preterm infants will help achieve growth similar to that of term infants. Objectives: As per protocol: to compare body composition in very preterm infants at term-corrected age (TCA) with that in term infants, and to explore relationships between neonatal characteristics and body composition in preterm infants. Methods: Anthropometry, nutritional characteristics, and neonatal outcomes were prospectively collected in 26 preterm (<29 weeks) and 33 term (37-40 weeks) infants. Body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was measured at TCA in preterm infants and between days 7 and 10 in term infants. Results: Parenteral nutrition in preterm infants provided a mean of 2.9 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.5 g/kg/day of intravenous amino acids and lipids, respectively, during the first week of life. The mean weight gain velocity from birth to DXA assessment was 12.1 ± 1.4 g/kg/day. Compared with term infants, preterm infants at TCA were shorter and lighter, with a smaller head circumference, a lower weight estimated by DXA (2,960 ± 552 vs. 3,843 ± 377 g), and increased skinfold thicknesses. Fat mass percent (13.9 ± 5.4%) and lean mass percent (84.7 ± 5.6%) in preterm infants were similar to those in term infants (14.7 ± 3.5 and 83.5 ± 3.6%, respectively). Neonatal weight gain velocity in preterm infants was positively associated with lean mass (grams). Conclusion: Subcutaneous fat is increased in preterm infants. Higher protein intake in preterm infants might increase weight gain velocity and achieve a lean mass comparable to that of term infants.
Consequences of Stimulus Type on Higher-Order Processing in Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Finke Mareike , Sandmann Pascale , Bönitz Hanna , Kral Andrej , Büchner Andreas
Published: November 2016

Single-sided deaf subjects with a cochlear implant (CI) provide the unique opportunity to compare central auditory processing of the electrical input (CI ear) and the acoustic input (normal-hearing, NH, ear) within the same individual. In these individuals, sensory processing differs between their two ears, while cognitive abilities are the same irrespectively of the sensory input. To better understand perceptual-cognitive factors modulating speech intelligibility with a CI, this electroencephalography study examined the central-auditory processing of words, the cognitive abilities, and the speech intelligibility in 10 postlingually single-sided deaf CI users. We found lower hit rates and prolonged response times for word classification during an oddball task for the CI ear when compared with the NH ear. Also, event-related potentials reflecting sensory (N1) and higher-order processing (N2/N4) were prolonged for word classification (targets versus nontargets) with the CI ear compared with the NH ear. Our results suggest that speech processing via the CI ear and the NH ear differs both at sensory (N1) and cognitive (N2/N4) processing stages, thereby affecting the behavioral performance for speech discrimination. These results provide objective evidence for cognition to be a key factor for speech perception under adverse listening conditions, such as the degraded speech signal provided from the CI.
Role of MCPIP1 in the Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Silica
Authors: Chao Jie , Wang Xingang , Zhang Yuxia , Zhu Tiebing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Zewei , Yang Jian , Han Bing , Cheng Yusi , Tu Xiaojie , Yao Honghong
Published: November 2016

Background: Silicosis is characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibroblast generation via endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is one process responsible for this accumulation of fibroblasts. However, the mechanisms underlying EndMT remain unknown. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to SiO2 (50 µg/cm2). Specific endothelial and mesenchymal markers were evaluated using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Functional changes were evaluated by analyzing cell migration and proliferation. LC3-adenovirus transfections were performed, and changes in autophagy were measured using a marker of autophagy. Results: SiO2 induced decreases in the endothelial cell-specific markers in HUVECs while dramatically increasing mesenchymal cell product levels and mesenchymal functions. Although MCPIP1 expression increased in parallel with the increase in specific mesenchymal cell products, the MCPIP1 expression level was not consistent with the observed decrease in specific endothelial marker expression. Autophagy mediated the effects of MCPIP1, as rapamycin and 3-MA enhanced and attenuated the effect of SiO2 on HUVECs, respectively. MAPKs and the PI3K/Akt pathway were involved in the regulation of MCPIP1 by SiO2, and Pyk2 and MLC-2 mediated cell migration. Conclusion: Our findings reveal a new potential function of MCPIP1, suggesting a possible mechanism of fibrosis in pulmonary silicosis.
Mixed Aqueous Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Reduces Blood Pressure through Inhibition of Vascular Remodelling and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Zhang Jing , An Sheng Jun , Fu Jun Qiu , Liu Pei , Shao Tie Mei , Li Manli , Li Xue , Jiao Zhan , Chai Xi Qing
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) contains four major aqueous active ingredients, which have been isolated, purified and identified as danshensu (DSS), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A), salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), totally abbreviated as SABP. Although SM is often used to treat various cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, the efficacy and function of optimal compatibility ratio of SM's active ingredients (SABP) in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases remain uncertain. This study investigated antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms of SABP vs. SM lyophilized powder (SMLP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to establish the ratio of the optimal compatibility of DSS, Sal-A, Sal-B and PAL in improving cardiovascular functions. Methods: The SHRs were treated with either SABP or SMLP and their systolic blood pressures (SBP) were monitored. The isolated thoracic aorta of SHRs was segregated for immunohistochemistry, Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and mRNA and protein expression of NOX4, TGF-β1, Col-I, ET-1, α-SMA and Smad7. Moreover, the adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) were isolated and cultured from SD rats' aorta and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined after SABP or SMLP treatment. Results: SABP, but not SMLP, significantly reduced SBP, which were accompanied by the inhibited morphological changes in the thoracic aorta and the reduced mRNA and protein expression of NOX4, TGF-β1, Col-I, ET-1 and α-SMA, but the increased Smad 7 expression in SHRs. Moreover, SABP also resulted in a decreased ROS production in AFs of SD rats. Conclusions: These results indicate that SABP, but not SMLP, treatment potently inhibits hypertension through improvements of vascular remodeling and oxidative stress. The present study provides new evidence that the efficacy and function from optimal compatibility ratio of SM active ingredients is much better than its lyophilized powder, which represents a strategy to develop SM's new beneficial effect in improving cardiovascular functions.
Comparison of Telbivudine and Entecavir Therapy on Nephritic Function and Drug Resistance in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Compensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Shen Huajiang , Ding Feng , Wang Zhiwei , Sun Fang , Yu Yafeng , Zhou Jiankang , Xu Wenfang , Ni Jianchao , Wang Jiangang , Yang Yida
Published: November 2016

Background: To compare the impact of telbivudine (LDT) and entecavir (ETV) administration on nephritic function. Method: One hundred thirty patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated cirrhosis were randomly divided into LDT (600 mg/d) or ETV (0.5 mg/d) groups. Results: The drug resistance rate was higher following LDT treatment compared to ETV treatment (16.9% vs. 1.5%, P=0.0006). The mean creatinine level decreased compared to baseline in the LDT group (0.81 vs. 0.94 mg/dl, P=0.000). The change in median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to baseline in the LTD and ETV groups was 22.3 and -3.3, respectively, at 2 years (P=0.000). In patients with mild nephritic injury (eGFR< 90 ml/min/1.73m2), the median eGFR increased by 28.0 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LDT group and decreased by 4.3 ml/min/1.73m2 in the ETV group (p=0.000). The eGFR in 88.5% of patients (23/26) from the LDT group increased > 90 ml/min/1.73m2. The percentage of patients with an eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 increased from 60.0% to 92.3% in the LDT group and from 64.6% to 69.2% in the ETV group. Conclusion: In patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis, LDT treatment was more effective in protecting nephritic function and was associated with a higher drug resistance rate, but did not contribute to a better outcome compared with ETV treatment.
Down-Regulation of Protein Kinase C-ε by Prolonged Incubation with PMA Inhibits the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhou Huixuan , Wang Yan , Zhou Quanhong , Wu Bin , Wang Aizhong , Jiang Wei , Wang Li
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) exerts a pleiotropic effect on the growth and differentiation of various cells. Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) plays a central role in mediating the effects of PMA on cells. The present study investigated whether the down-regulation of protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε) is involved in the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation caused by prolonged PMA incubation. Methods: Using cell counting, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU incorporation assay on VSMCs, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of prolonged incubation of PMA, of lentiviruses carrying the short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) of PKC-ε and of the PKC-ε inhibitor peptide on the proliferation and viability of cells. The effect of PKC-ε down-regulation on growth of rat breast cancer SHZ-88 cells was also measured. Results: The prolonged incubation of VSMCs with PMA for up to 72 hours resulted in attenuated cell growth rates in a time-dependent manner. The expression of PKC-ε, as assessed by Western blotting, was also decreased accordingly. Notably, the number of EdU-positive cells and the cell viability of VSMCs were decreased by shRNA of PKC-ε and the PKC-ε inhibitor peptide, respectively. The proliferation of rat breast cancer SHZ-88 cells was also attenuated by lentivirus-induced shRNA silencing of PKC-ε. Conclusions: Prolonged incubation of PMA can inhibit the expression of PKC-ε. The effect results in the inhibition of VSMC proliferation. PKC-ε silencing can also attenuate breast cancer cell growth, suggesting that PKC-ε may be a potential target for anti-cancer drugs.
Implementation of a Simplified Regional Citrate Anticoagulation Protocol for Post-Dilution Continuous Hemofiltration Using a Bicarbonate Buffered, Calcium Containing Replacement Solution
Authors: Kirwan Christopher J. , Hutchison Ross , Ghabina Sherif , Schwarze Stephanie , Beane Abigail , Ramsay Susan , Thompson Edward , Prowle John R.
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Recent updates to the Nikkiso Aquarius continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) platform allowed us to develop a post-dilution protocol for regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) using standard bicarbonate buffered, calcium containing replacement solution with acid citrate dextrose formula-A as a citrate source. Our objective was to demonstrate that the protocol was safe and effective. Methods: Prospective audit of consecutive patients receiving RCA for CRRT within intensive care unit, who were either contraindicated to heparin or had poor filter lifespan (<12 h for 2 consecutive filters) on heparin. Results: We present the first 29 patients who used 98 filters. After excluding ‘non-clot' filter loss, 50% had a duration of >27 h. Calcium supplementation was required for 30 (30%) filter circuits, in 17 of 29 (58%) patients. One patient discontinued the treatment due to metabolic alkalosis, but there were no adverse bleeding events. Conclusion: Post-dilution RCA system is effective and simple to use on the Aquarius platform and results in comparable filter life for patients relatively contraindicated to heparin.
Redox balance in white rats’ spleen under induced carcinogenesis
Authors: Demkiv I. Ya. , Lisnychuk N. Ye. , Soroka Yu. V. , Chykhyra O. V.
Published: November 2016

Features of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant system in spleen tissue of white rats in experimental carcinogenesis and application of cytostatics were studied in experimental research. In DMH-induced cancerogenesis it was found a significant increase concentration of TBA-reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides, decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced glutathione concentration in the examined organ tissue. The combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs increased imbalance of redox processes in spleen.
Features of free oxidation in liver homogenates of rats in combined action of copper and subtoxic level of stearate potassium and sodium
Authors: Lototska O. V.
Published: November 2016

Toxic effects of heavy metals on animals and humans is aggravating the presence of surfactants. The aim of our research was to identify the peculiarities of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection in the use of drinking water with subtoxic doses of potassium and sodium stearates in combination with copper on the body of warmblooded animals, such as the liver of experimental rats. Analysis of indicators allows asserting that in experimental rats liver homogenate observed activation of free radical oxidation, the intensity of which depended on the concentration of stearates in water. More pronounced changes were in animals that consumed water with potassium stearate.The action of potassium stearate observed inhibition of antioxidant systems while under the influence of sodium stearate – its activation. Changes in performance were more pronounced in combination stearates with copper.
Role of estrogens in the mechanism of oxidative impact of cranio-skeletal injury in the late period of traumatic disease
Authors: Mashevskyi A. S.
Published: November 2016

In terms of removing over after 1 month in liver tissue there was observed strengthening of lipid peroxidation, accompanied by an increase in the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation. In brain tissue, these processes almost were not expressed. After application of skeletal injuries in terms of removing more than an increase in the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation after 1 month post-traumatic period after combined injury and it remains elevated after 2 months, due to the severity of the injury and the depth of systemic disorders. Brain tissue against the backdrop of estrogen deficiency is characterized by greater resistance to oxidative impact injury. Compared with animals without removing bigger intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation was observed only after 1 month of post-traumatic period.
A EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO EM CUBA: EXPERIÊNCIAS, REFLEXÕES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Chibás Felipe Ortiz
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo apresenta-se um resumo da história da Educomunicação em Cuba para contextualizar as causas do surgimento deste movimento, bem como suas principais tendências e representantes. São demonstradas as principais diferenças e semelhanças das práticas da Educomunicação em Cuba, além de compará-las as de outros países e realiza-se uma reflexão sobre a projeção e possibilidades futuras deste movimento no país. O trabalho está embasado na revisão bibliográfica e em documentos internos das organizações e entidades pesquisadas, assim como na observação participativa e experiência direta do autor em muitas das práticas descritas. As conclusões sugerem que a perspectiva da Educomunicação em Cuba está ligada a utilização das novas tecnologias junto às manifestações artísticas, assim como no aprofundamento teórico e no debate epistemológico.
Endothelial Cell–Specific Deletion of P2Y
2
Receptor Promotes Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis-Susceptible ApoE-Null Mice
Authors: Chen Xingjuan , Qian Shaomin , Hoggatt April , Tang Hongying , Hacker Timothy A. , Obukhov Alexander G. , Herring Paul B. , Seye Cheikh I.
Published: November 2016

Objective—

Nucleotide P2Y
2
receptor (P2Y
2
R) contributes to vascular inflammation by increasing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells (EC), and global P2Y
2
R deficiency prevents fatty streak formation in apolipoprotein E null (ApoE
−/−
) mice. Because P2Y
2
R is ubiquitously expressed in vascular cells, we investigated the contribution of endothelial P2Y
2
R in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

EC-specific P2Y
2
R-deficient mice were generated by breeding VEcadherin5-Cre mice with the P2Y
2
R floxed mice. Endothelial P2Y
2
R deficiency reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and significantly altered ATP- and UTP (uridine 5’-triphosphate)-induced vasorelaxation without affecting vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine. Telemetric blood pressure and echocardiography measurements indicated that EC-specific P2Y
2
R-deficient mice did not develop hypertension. We investigated the role of endothelial P2Y
2
R in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by crossing the EC-specific P2Y
2
R knockout mice onto an ApoE
−/−
background and evaluated lesion development after feeding a standard chow diet for 25 weeks. Histopathologic examination demonstrated reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and entire aorta, decreased macrophage infiltration, and increased smooth muscle cell and collagen content, leading to the formation of a subendothelial fibrous cap in EC-specific P2Y
2
R-deficient ApoE
−/−
mice. Expression and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was significantly reduced in atherosclerotic lesions from EC-specific P2Y
2
R-deficient ApoE
−/−
mice. Furthermore, EC-specific P2Y
2
R deficiency inhibited nitric oxide production, leading to significant increase in smooth muscle cell migration out of aortic explants.

Conclusions—

EC-specific P2Y
2
R deficiency reduces atherosclerotic burden and promotes plaque stability in ApoE
−/−
mice through impaired macrophage infiltration acting together with reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and increased smooth muscle cell migration.
Intravenous Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Butler Javed , Epstein Stephen E. , Greene Stephen J. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Sikora Sergey , Kim Raymond J. , Anderson Allen S. , Wilcox Jane E. , Tankovich Nikolai I. , Lipinski Michael J. , Ko Yi-An , Margulies Kenneth B. , Cole Robert T. , Skopicki Hal A. , Gheorghiade Mihai
Published: November 2016

Rationale:

Potential benefits of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in heart failure may be related to paracrine properties and systemic effects, including anti-inflammatory activities. If this hypothesis is valid, intravenous administration of MSCs should improve outcomes in heart failure, an entity in which excessive chronic inflammation may play a pivotal role.

Objective:

To assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of intravenously administered ischemia-tolerant MSCs (itMSCs) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results:

This was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, randomized phase II-a trial of nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and absent hyperenhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were randomized to intravenously administered itMSCs (1.5×10
6
cells/kg) or placebo; at 90 days, each group received the alternative treatment. Overall, 22 patients were randomized to itMSC (n=10) and placebo (n=12) at baseline. After crossover, data were available for 22 itMSC patients. No major differences in death, hospitalization, or serious adverse events were noted between the 2 treatments. Change from baseline in left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular volumes was not significantly different between therapies. Compared with placebo, itMSC therapy increased 6-minute walk distance (+36.47 m, 95% confidence interval 5.98–66.97;
P
=0.02) and improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy clinical summary (+5.22, 95% confidence interval 0.70–9.74;
P
=0.02) and functional status scores (+5.65, 95% confidence interval −0.11 to 11.41;
P
=0.06). The data demonstrated MSC-induced immunomodulatory effects, the magnitude of which correlated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

In this pilot study of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, itMSC therapy was safe, caused immunomodulatory effects, and was associated with improvements in health status and functional capacity.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02467387.
Ectopic Fat Depots and Coronary Artery Calcium in South Asians Compared With Other Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Garg Sachin K. , Lin Feng , Kandula Namratha , Ding Jingzhong , Carr Jeffrey , Allison Matthew , Liu Kiang , Herrington David , Vaidya Dhananjay , Vittinghoff Eric , Kanaya Alka M.
Published: November 2016

Background

South Asians have a low body mass index and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Radiographically detected ectopic fat distribution is better associated with
CVD
than body mass index. We assessed whether differences in ectopic fat depots explained differences in the prevalence/severity of coronary artery calcium (
CAC
), a predictor of incident
CVD
events, among South Asians compared with other racial/ethnic groups.

Methods and Results

We examined the associations of radiographically detected visceral, intermuscular, intrahepatic, and pericardial fat with
CAC
among adults without baseline
CVD
. We compared 803 South Asians in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America to 4 racial/ethnic groups in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: 2622 whites, 1893 blacks, 1496 Latinos, and 803 Chinese Americans. We adjusted for body mass index and known
CVD
risk factors. South Asians had the highest intrahepatic fat and lowest pericardial fat volume (
PFV
). There was a positive graded association between ectopic fat and higher
CAC
scores in all the groups with the strongest associations observed with
PFV
.
PFV
was independently associated with
CAC
severity in South Asians (
P
=0.01) and blacks (
P
=0.05) and borderline in whites (
P
=0.06).
PFV
partially explained the higher
CAC
burden in South Asians compared with blacks, but not the other racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Differences in
PFV
explain a small fraction of the higher
CAC
burden in South Asians. Our findings suggest that ectopic fat depots may not explain the elevated
CAC
risk in South Asians.
Clinical Outcomes of Posterior Versus Anterior Circulation Infarction With Low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Scores
Authors: Kim Joon-Tae , Park Man-Seok , Choi Kang-Ho , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Cha Jae Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Nah Hyun-Wook , Lee Jun , Lee Soo Joo , Ko Youngchai , Kim Jae Guk , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Cho Yong-Jin , Hong Keun-Sik , Choi Jay Chol , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Shin Dong-Ick , Yeo Min-Ju , Kim Wook-Joo , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Ji Sung , Bae Hee-Joon , Saver Jeffrey L. , Cho Ki-Hyun
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—

We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes at 3 months between patients with minor anterior circulation infarction (ACI) versus minor posterior circulation infarction (PCI), including the influence of large vessel disease on outcomes.

Methods—

This study is an analysis of a prospective multicenter registry database in South Korea. Eligibility criteria were patients with ischemic stroke admitted within 7 days of stroke onset, lesions in either anterior or posterior circulation, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≤4 at baseline. Patients were divided into 4 groups for further analysis: minor ACI with and without internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery large vessel disease and minor PCI with and without vertebrobasilar large vessel disease.

Results—

A total of 7178 patients (65.2±12.6 years) were analyzed in this study, and 2233 patients (31.1%) had disability (modified Rankin Scale score 2–6) at 3 months. Disability was 32.3% in minor PCI and 30.3% in minor ACI (
P
=0.07), and death was 1.3% and 1.5%, respectively (
P
=0.82). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, minor PCI was significantly associated with disability at 3 months when compared with minor ACI (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.37;
P
<0.001). In pairwise comparisons, minor PCI with vertebrobasilar large vessel disease was independently associated with disability at 3 months, compared with the other 3 groups.

Conclusions—

Our study showed that minor PCI exhibited more frequent disability at 3 months than minor ACI. Especially, the presence of vertebrobasilar large vessel disease in minor PCI had a substantially higher risk of disability. Our results suggest that minor PCI with vertebrobasilar large vessel disease could require more meticulous care and are important targets for further study.
COOLIST (Cooling for Ischemic Stroke Trial)
Authors: Geurts Marjolein , Petersson Jesper , Brizzi Marco , Olsson-Hau Stefan , Luijckx Gert-Jan , Algra Ale , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Kappelle L. Jaap , van der Worp H. Bart
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—

Animal studies suggest that cooling improves outcome after ischemic stroke. We assessed the feasibility and safety of surface cooling to different target temperatures in awake patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

A multicenter, randomized, open, phase II, clinical trial, comparing standard treatment with surface cooling to 34.0°C, 34.5°C, or 35.0°C in awake patients with acute ischemic stroke and an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥6, initiated within 4.5 hours after symptom onset and maintained for 24 hours. The primary outcome was feasibility, defined as the proportion of patients who had successfully completed the assigned treatment. Safety was a secondary outcome.

Results—

Inclusion was terminated after 22 patients because of slow recruitment. Five patients were randomized to 34.0°C, 6 to 34.5°C, 5 to 35.0°C (cooling was initiated in 4), and 6 to standard care. No (0%), 1 (17%), and 3 (75%) patients, respectively, completed the assigned treatment (
P
=0.03). No (0%), 2 (33%), and 4 (100%) patients reached the target temperature (
P
=0.01). Pneumonia occurred in 8 cooled patients but not in controls (absolute risk increase, 53%; 95% confidence interval, 28–79%;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—

In awake patients with acute ischemic stroke, surface cooling is feasible to 35.0°C, but not to 34.5°C and 34.0°C. Cooling is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier: NTR2616.
Door-to-Imaging Time for Acute Stroke Patients Is Adversely Affected by Emergency Department Crowding
Authors: Reznek Martin A. , Murray Evangelia , Youngren Marguerite N. , Durham Natassia T. , Michael Sean S.
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—

National guidelines call for door-to-imaging time (DIT) within 25 minutes for suspected acute stroke patients. Studies examining factors that affect DIT have focused primarily on stroke-specific care processes and patient-specific factors. We hypothesized that emergency department (ED) crowding is associated with longer DIT.

Methods—

We conducted a retrospective investigation of 1 year of consecutive patients in our prospective Code Stroke registry, which included all ED stroke team activations. The registry and electronic health records were abstracted for 27 potential predictors of DIT, including patient, stroke care process, and ED operational factors. We fit a multivariate logistic regression model and calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Second, we constructed a random forest recursive partitioning model to cross-validate our findings and explore the proportional importance of each category of predictor. Our primary outcome was the binary variable of DIT within the 25-minute goal.

Results—

A total of 463 patients met inclusion criteria. In the regression model, ED occupancy rate emerged as a predictor of DIT, with odds ratio of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.91) of DIT within 25 minutes per 10% absolute increase in ED occupancy rate. The secondary analysis estimated that ED operational factors accounted for nearly 14% of the algorithm’s prediction of DIT.

Conclusions—

ED crowding is associated with reduced odds of meeting DIT goals for acute stroke. In addition to improving stroke-specific processes of care, efforts to reduce ED overcrowding should be considered central to optimizing the timeliness of acute stroke care.
Le rôle du kafīl (garant) dans la gouvernance locale selon les contrats d’affermage fiscal à Tripoli au XVIIe–XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Winter Stefan
Published: November 2016

This article explores the legal institution of kafāla/kefalet (bondsmanship; surety) and its role in shaping local communal government in Syria in the Ottoman period. Drawing on the shar‘īya court registers of Tripoli (in addition to those of Sayda and Antioch as well as the Başbakanlık archives), it shows how iltizām tax-farming contracts in the 18th century increasingly required a pecuniary guarantee for their discharge to be posted by a third party, an act specific to Ḥanafī jurisprudence but not practised uniformly throughout the region. Whereas in some places the kafāla amounted to little more than a pledge of mutual accountability, or was imposed on a community against its will, it could also be used by foreign merchants or local notables to secure the rights to a given district’s commercial produce in advance. By “investing” in revenue collection concessions, the article concludes, both the southern Lebanese Shihābī emirs and the Maronite village population used the kafāla to acquire a direct financial and ultimately political stake in the rural hinterland of Tripoli, before dispensing once more with the idea of mutual or corporative responsibility once all of the province’s tax farms passed under complete Shihābī control in 1763. 

Cet article traite de l'institution juridique de kafāla / kefalet (cautionnement) et de son rôle dans la gouvernance communautaire locale en Syrie à l’époque ottomane. S'appuyant sur les registres de tribunal shar‘īya de Tripoli (en plus de ceux de Sayda et d'Antioche, ainsi que sur des documents d’archives Başbakanlık), il tâche à montrer comment les contrats de ferme fiscale iltizām du XVIIIe siècle exigèrent de plus en plus qu’une tierce personne se porte garant pour leur acquittement, un acte spécifique à l’école de jurisprudence ḥanafī mais pas appliqué de façon uniforme à travers la région. Alors que la kafāla ne constitua guère plus qu’une promesse de responsabilité collective dans certains cas, ou qu’elle fut imposée à une communauté particulière contre son gré dans d’autres, elle pouvait également servir à des marchands étrangers ou à des notables locaux pour s’assurer les droits sur la production agricole d’un certain district à l’avance. En « investissant » dans de contrats de perception d’impôt d’autrui, cet article propose en conclusion, les émirs Shihābī du Liban-Sud tout comme la population villageoise maronite ont pu utiliser la kafāla pour acquérir une participation financière directe ainsi qu’un droit de regard politique sur l’hinterland rural de Tripoli, avant d’abandonner de nouveau le principe de responsabilité mutuelle ou corporative une fois que toutes les fermes fiscales de la province furent passé sous le contrôle complet des Shihābī en 1763.
Cladocera biodiversity in La Tembladera Lake (Ecuador): a palaeolimnological approach
Authors: López-Blanco C. , Sinev A. Y.
Published: November 2016

Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) biodiversity was examined in sediment assemblages in La Tembladera Lake, on the southern coast of Ecuador. We found remains from 14 Cladocera taxa belonging to three families: Sididae, Daphnidae and Chydoridae. One taxon is planktonic (Ceriodaphniaspp.) and 13 taxa are littoral (Sarsilatonaserricauda,Chydorussp.,Dunheveniasp.,Leberissp.,Alonasp.,Magnospina dentifera,Kurziasp.,Acroperus tupinamba,Camptocercussp.,Oxyurella longicaudis,Leydigiopsissp.,Euryalonasp. andNotoalonacf.sculpta). Descriptions and pictures of the remains were included in this article to help palaeolimnologists identify tropical cladoceran remains in the sediment. These results enlarge the crustacean biodiversity data for dry tropical forests in South America and help to constrain our understanding of their geographical distribution. Further studies should focus on capturing living cladocerans to make identifications at the species level and to help interpret the sedimentary signal using ecological data.
Body size, resident status, handedness and claw originality in Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) male fights
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej
Published: November 2016

We tested the effects of body size, resident status, handedness, and claw originality onUca rosea(Tweedie, 1937) male fights. We observed 67 pairs of combats between residents and intruders, recorded fighting duration and winner identity (resident/intruder, larger/smaller), identified handedness (right/left claw) and claw types (original/regenerated claw), and measured carapace width and major claw length. Larger/smaller males were determined based on major claw length instead of carapace width. Results showed that (1) body size and resident status jointly and (2) body size, resident status, handedness and claw types together, affected fighting success. Residents won more combats than intruders regardless of handedness. Original clawed residents won more combats than regenerated clawed intruders. Fighting duration was longer in same claw type (original-original and regenerated-regenerated) combats than in different claw type combats. Carapace width was more strongly correlated with original claw length than with regenerated claw length.
Phylogenetic relationships among Neotropical freshwater crabs of the Pseudothelphusidae (Decapoda, Brachyura) and the taxonomic position of Ptychophallus and related genera
Authors: Poettinger Theodor S. , Klaus Sebastian , Schubart Christoph D.
Published: November 2016

The primary freshwater crab family Pseudothelphusidae is distributed with almost 300 described species from northern Mexico to the southern tributaries of the Amazon, including most of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Its systematic grouping is solely based on morphological characters. The most recent and commonly applied classification distinguishes two subfamilies, the Epilobocerinae on the Greater Antilles, and the Pseudothelphusinae on the mainland of Central and South America and the Lesser Antilles (Rodríguez, 1982). In addition, several tribes are recognized based on the morphology of the first pair of male pleopods, the so called gonopods: the Pseudothelphusini, the Potamocarcinini, the Hypolobocerini, the Kingsleyini, and the Strengerianini. Here, we present the first molecular phylogeny of the Pseudothelphusidae, including representatives of all the subfamilies and tribes. The generaAchlidon,Allacanthos, andPtychophallusform a strongly supported monophyletic unit, clustering independently of the tribi where they have been classified so far. We present preliminary suggestions for a possibly derived taxonomy of the family.
Vitalia Verba: Redeeming the Hero in Juvencus
Authors: Flatt Tyler
Published: November 2016

Juvencus’ epic portrayal of Christ establishes a new kind of Christian heroism, a concept refined through intertextual engagement with the Old Latin Bible, the Aeneid, and imperial Latin epic. Christ-as-verbum, The Word, wields verbal power against the furor of the enemies of salvation. His virtus, transcending and redefining the martial valor of the Vergilian tradition, is derived not from human achievement but from the vertical economy of grace—it is a gift (munus, donum) of God the Father streaming abundantly from heaven to earth. Juvencus takes advantage of the expanded semantic range of virtus in late antiquity to subvert and repurpose the heroic core of Latin epic: the miracles (munera, dona) of Jesus expose the helplessness of humanity, and restore it to physical and spiritual health through forceful word-deeds (vitalia gesta, vitalia verba). Through its close identification with fides, Christ’s expansive virtus imparts heroic stature to even the weakest disciple.
Joasaph II in an Unpublished List of the Metropolitans of the Ethiopian Church
Authors: Gusarova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2016

This article introduces new information regarding the Metropolitan Joasaph II (III) (the years of his tenure were 1770–1803). Josaph II (III), the Coptic clergyman, was the head of the Ethiopian Church for 33 years. His service coincided with the initial stage of one of the most complicated period in the history of the Ethiopian Church. This period was marked by the almost complete collapse of the Christian kingdom on the Horn of Africa. The main source comprising these data is the hitherto unknown list of the Metropolitans of Ethiopia, which contains the unique data about Joasaph II. It was discovered in an unpublished manuscript of the monastery Däbrä Damo in the province of Tǝgray in northern Ethiopia and analyzed by the present author. The result of this analysis is obvious: a modern reader receives a trustworthy portrait of this ambitious person who, in spite of his efforts was not able to terminate the long-standing schism in the Ethiopian Church. His efforts, however, left fond memories of himself among his flock.
Notule sur une mystérieuse église byzantine de Kaouvi
Authors: Kim Sergey
Published: November 2016

The note offers a corrected reading of a Georgian colophon in Iviron, georg. 69, that R. P. Blake published in 1932. It is demonstrated that George the Athonite, its author, did not mention a Byzantine church of Kaouvi, as Blake had read. Several literary parallels from other texts connected to George are provided.
Introduction
Authors: Belissa Marc , Berton Gary
Published: November 2016

The volume contains six contributions (and an introduction) that have been presented in the Thomas Paine Second International Conference held in Paris Ouest Nanterre in 2014. All scholars involved in the field of research of Atlantic history agree on the fact that the partitioning between ‘national’ historiographies (American, English and French) is detrimental in the understanding of the role of specific transatlantic actors, of which Thomas Paine is one the most spectacular example for the era of the revolutions (1760–1830). This conference gathered American, British and French historians to develop this fruitful approach. The papers presented here participate in the historiographic opening up of studies on Thomas Paine and propose studies, reflexion and specific comments on how Thomas Paine converges within the general framework of Atlantic history and Republicanism history.
Thomas Paine as a Theorist of the Right to Existence
Authors: Bosc Yannick
Published: November 2016

Thomas Paine share with the Montagnards and the popular movement in the French Revolution the same conception of the republic. It is based on the guarantee of the right to exist, based on an idea of freedom defined as equality of personal rights. Instead, the Girondins and Condorcet whose political ideas are yet systematically associated with his, highlight the unlimited freedom of the owner as the basis of society. Thomas Paine allows to reconsider the divisions from which historiography has fixed the meaning of the French Revolution. He reveals the contradictions of the standard narrative of modernity we have inherited.
Exporting the Revolution
Authors: Walker Thomas C.
Published: November 2016

This essay explores the connections between Paine’s international thought and the theory of liberal internationalism in the field of Political Science. Paine was first to provide a coherent theory of how democracy, free trade, and limited military spending would promote both peace and prosperity. One troubling inconsistency in Paine’s liberal internationalism rests in his advocacy for both small military budgets and active military intervention to spread democracy. By comparing Paine’s divergent views regarding democracy promotion and intervention in Louisiana and in England, we emerge with a far more nuanced understanding of Paine’s promotion of democracy. I argue that Paine’s vision for active military interventionism is not inconsistent with a small military.
Neotypification of the name Rosa agrestis (Rosaceae)
Authors: ROMA-MARZIO FRANCESCO , D’ANTRACCOLI MARCO , ASTUTI GIOVANNI , MACCIONI SIMONETTA , PERUZZI LORENZO
Published: November 2016

Gaetano Savi (1769–1844) worked at the University of Pisa and was a prominent figure among Italian botanists of the XIX century. He published about 75 scientific papers, primarily devoted to floristic researches and taxonomical investigations. During his career, he described 89 taxa of vascular plants (6 genera and 83 species). In the frame of a typification project devoted to the names described by Gaetano Savi (D’Antraccoli et al. 2015), we found that up to now only 8 names (ca. 9%) have been typified (Zohary & Heller 1984, Baldini & Jarvis 1991, Garbari & Cecchi 2000, Selvi & Cecchi 2009, O’Leary 2010, Amadei et al. 2013, 2015, Alonso et al. 2016). One of the names still lacking a typification is Rosa agrestis Savi (1798: 475), a species occurring in the most part of Europe, Russia, Anatolia and in the North-Western part of Africa (Silvestre & Montserrat 1998). Rosa agrestis belongs to R. sect. Caninae Candolle (1818: 3) emend. Christ (1873: 36), the most numerous and taxonomically complex section in Europe (Bruneau et al. 2007, De Cock et al. 2008). However, since its description, R. agrestis was recognized as a distinct species by most authors (e.g. Kláštersky 1968, Pignatti 1982, Lattanzi & Tilia 2002, Tison & de Foucault 2014).