bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary Environmental and Human Impacts on the Mitochondrial DNA Diversity of Four Commensal Rodents in Myanmar
Authors: Maung Maung Theint San , Thwe Thidalay , Myat Myat Zaw Khin , Shimada Tomofumi , Bawm Saw , Kobayashi Motoko , Saing Khin Maung , Katakura Ken , Arai Satoru , Suzuki Hitoshi
Published: September 2020

We addressed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four commensal rodent species occurring in Myanmar in comparison with other areas of the Indo-Malayan region. We examined sequence variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) in the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), roof rat (Rattus rattus complex, RrC), lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis), and house mouse (Mus musculus) using the recently developed time-dependent evolutionary rates of mtDNA. The Cytb sequences of RrC from Myanmar were shown to belong to RrC Lineage II, and their level of genetic diversity was relatively high compared to those of the other three species. RrC was found to have experienced bottleneck and rapid expansion events at least twice in the late Pleistocene period in Myanmar and a nearby region. Accordingly, paleoclimatic environmental fluctuations were shown to be an important factor affecting rodents in the subtropics of the Indo-Malayan region. Our results show that human activities during the last 10,000 years of the Holocene period affected the population dynamics of the rodent species examined, including introducing them to Myanmar from neighboring countries. Further study of these four commensal rodents in other geographic areas of the Indo-Malayan region would allow us to better understand the factors that drove their evolution and their ecological trends.
Why Dependence Grounds Duties of Trade Justice
Authors: Ó Laoghaire Tadhg
Published: September 2020

This essay asks what it is about the practice of trade that grounds duties of justice between states as trade partners. The answer advanced is that such duties are grounded in the dependence that trade generates. The essay puts forward four conditions that a plausible account of grounding in trade must meet: it must admit of degrees, explain the distinctly international character of trade justice, ground both procedural and distributive duties, and it must be a necessary feature of all trade relationships which generate duties of justice. A dependence account of grounding meets all four conditions, and does so in an intuitively compelling way. While other accounts of what grounds duties of trade justice can meet some of the conditions, none can meet all of them. Relative to rival candidates, then, the dependence account provides a firmer foundation for the ongoing attempts to develop a comprehensive theory of trade justice.
Understanding Violin Players’ Skill Level Based on Motion Capture: a Data-Driven Perspective
Authors: D’Amato Vincenzo , Volta Erica , Oneto Luca , Volpe Gualtiero , Camurri Antonio , Anguita Davide
Published: September 2020

Learning to play and perform a music instrument is a complex cognitive task, requiring high conscious control and coordination of an impressive number of cognitive and sensorimotor skills. For professional violinists, there exists a physical connection with the instrument allowing the player to continuously manage the sound through sophisticated bowing techniques and fine hand movements. Hence, it is not surprising that great importance in violin training is given to right hand techniques, responsible for most of the sound produced. In this paper, our aim is to understand which motion features can be used to efficiently and effectively distinguish a professional performance from that of a student without exploiting sound-based features. We collected and made freely available a dataset consisting of motion capture recordings of different violinists with different skills performing different exercises covering different pedagogical and technical aspects. We then engineered peculiar features and trained a data-driven classifier to distinguish among two different levels of violinist experience, namely beginners and experts. In accordance with the hierarchy present in the dataset, we study two different scenarios: extrapolation with respect to different exercises and violinists. Furthermore, we study which features are the most predictive ones of the quality of a violinist to corroborate the significance of the results. The results, both in terms of accuracy and insight on the cognitive problem, support the proposal and support the use of the proposed technique as a support tool for students to monitor and enhance their home study and practice.
ABCDE: Directing Student Observation During High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Seale Josephine , Khan Abubakar , Hirons Barnaby , Butchers Colin
Published: September 2020

To encourage an active learning environment during the observation stage of high-fidelity simulation, an observation tool was created to help students recognise and record the technical and non-technical skills identified whilst watching their peers. Future work will involve quantifying any educational benefits of the tool across the medical student cohort.
Exploring Water Consumption in Dhaka City Using Instrumental Variables Regression Approaches
Authors: Siddiquee Muhammad Shahadat Hossain , Ahamed Raihan
Published: September 2020

This paper explores water consumption in Dhaka city for better understanding of its usage, and considers the implications of findings from distributive rationale. Using 459 household survey data collected by BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), this study estimates income elasticities of water consumption after controlling the effects of other covariates including wealth-proxies, location, household size, water bill and spatial zones using the instrumental variable regression (IVREG) and instrumental variable quantile regression (IVQREG) approaches. The latter has an additive advantage over the former as the IVQREG provides a more accurate picture of the relationship of water consumption with the income throughout the entire water consumption distribution. Using the fixed pay variable as instrument, findings reveal the strong evidence that income is endogenous. The IVQREG results show that income elasticities are heterogeneous and vary significantly across the water quantiles, implying inequality in water consumption. It also provides strong systematic evidence as income elasticity of water consumption decreases with the increase in percentile. Significant spatial inequality in water consumption from IVREG approach disappears as we use IVQREG. This also strongly supports the systematic evidence obtained. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce different tariff structures among different water consumer groups for bringing equity in water consumption and revenue generation. However, Dhaka Water Supply & Sewerage Authority (DWASA) must ensure smart water meter before implementing such tariff structure as we face severe challenges while measuring residential water consumption.
Location-aware systems or location-based services: a survey with applications to CoViD-19 contact tracking
Authors: Schmidtke H. R.
Published: September 2020

With the CoViD-19 pandemic, location awareness technologies have seen renewed interests due to the numerous contact tracking mobile application variants developed, deployed, and discussed. For some, location-aware applications are primarily a producer of geospatial Big Data required for vital geospatial analysis and visualization of the spread of the disease in a state of emergency. For others, comprehensive tracking of citizens constitutes a dangerous violation of fundamental rights. Commercial web-based location-aware applications both collect data and—through spatial analysis and connection to services—provide value to users. This value is what motivates users to share increasingly private and comprehensive data. The willingness of users to share data in return for services has been a key concern with web-based variants of the technology since the beginning. With a focus on two privacy preserving CoViD-19 contact tracking applications, this survey walks through the key steps of developing a privacy preserving context-aware application: from types of applications and business models, through architectures and privacy strategies, to representations.
Semantic frame induction through the detection of communities of verbs and their arguments
Authors: Ribeiro Eugénio , Teixeira Andreia Sofia , Ribeiro Ricardo , Martins de Matos David
Published: September 2020

Resources such as FrameNet, which provide sets of semantic frame definitions and annotated textual data that maps into the evoked frames, are important for several NLP tasks. However, they are expensive to build and, consequently, are unavailable for many languages and domains. Thus, approaches able to induce semantic frames in an unsupervised manner are highly valuable. In this paper we approach that task from a network perspective as a community detection problem that targets the identification of groups of verb instances that evoke the same semantic frame and verb arguments that play the same semantic role. To do so, we apply a graph-clustering algorithm to a graph with contextualized representations of verb instances or arguments as nodes connected by edges if the distance between them is below a threshold that defines the granularity of the induced frames. By applying this approach to the benchmark dataset defined in the context of SemEval 2019, we outperformed all of the previous approaches to the task, achieving the current state-of-the-art performance.
On Making of Micoquian Bifacial Backed Tools at Pietraszyn 49a, SW Poland
Authors: Wiśniewski Andrzej , Chłoń Marcin , Weiss Marcel , Pyżewicz Katarzyna , Migal Witold
Published: September 2020

This paper attempts to show that manufacture of Micoquian bifacial backed tools was structured. Data for this study were collected using a comprehensive analysis of artefacts from the site Pietraszyn 49a, Poland, which is dated to the beginning of Marine Isotope Stage 3. Based on the whole data set, it was possible to distinguish four stages of the manufacturing process. During manufacturing, both mineral hammer and organic hammer were used. The tools were usually shaped due to distinct hierarchization of faces. The study has also shown that the shape of bifacial tools from Pietraszyn 49a is very similar to the other Micoquian examples from central Europe. The ways of shaping of some tools are finding their counterparts also in the Early Upper Palaeolithic inventories, but the similarities are rather limited to the narrow range of preparation of bifacial form.
A New Beginning: Young Women’s Experiences and Sexual Function 18 Months After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Nilsson-Condori Emma , Järvholm Stina , Thurin-Kjellberg Ann , Hedenbro Jan , Friberg Britt
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Female patients expect improved quality of life, including sexual health and regain of fertility after bariatric surgery. Little has been published on to the extent to which patients’ expectations are met by the weight loss after surgery.

Aim

To explore how women perceive the effects of bariatric surgery on quality of life, focusing on sexual health and fertility.

Methods

A qualitative study based on thematic analysis, supported by questionnaire data. Interviews following a semistructured guide were conducted with childless women (n = 11) aged 25–34 years recruited from a university-affiliated Swedish bariatric center. The interviews took place 18 months after surgery in the participants’ homes or at the hospital and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach. Questionnaires were filled in at the time of the interviews and compared with preoperative data using a Wilcoxon test for paired data.

Main outcome measures

Participants described experiences related to female sexual health after bariatric surgery. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires were administered preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

“A new beginning” was identified as the master theme, with 3 underlying subthemes: “Being worthy of love,” “Exploring sexuality,” and “Considering parenthood.” The participants described a transformation into being more comfortable with themselves that affected all areas of life, including sexual life. These findings were supported by lower scores for depression, 6.5 vs 2, and improved total Female Sexual Function Index scores, median 23.3 preoperatively and 29.1 postoperatively, P = .012.

Conclusions

Improved body image and enhanced self-esteem play important roles in improved sexual functioning in women after bariatric surgery.

Nilsson-Condori E, Järvholm S, Thurin-Kjellberg A, et al. A New Beginning: Young Women’s Experiences and Sexual Function 18 Months After Bariatric Surgery. Sex Med 2020;8:730–739.
Can We Be Wrong? The Problem of Textual Evidence in a Time of Data
Authors: Piper Andrew
Published: September 2020

This Element tackles the problem of generalization with respect to text-based evidence in the field of literary studies. When working with texts, how can we move, reliably and credibly, from individual observations to more general beliefs about the world? The onset of computational methods has highlighted major shortcomings of traditional approaches to texts when it comes to working with small samples of evidence. This Element combines a machine learning-based approach to detect the prevalence and nature of generalization across tens of thousands of sentences from different disciplines alongside a robust discussion of potential solutions to the problem of the generalizability of textual evidence. It exemplifies the way mixed methods can be used in complementary fashion to develop nuanced, evidence-based arguments about complex disciplinary issues in a data-driven research environment.
Almost sure central limit theorems in stochastic geometry
Authors: Torrisi Giovanni Luca , Leonardi Emilio
Published: September 2020

We prove an almost sure central limit theorem on the Poisson space, which is perfectly tailored for stabilizing functionals arising in stochastic geometry. As a consequence, we provide almost sure central limit theorems for (i) the total edge length of thek-nearest neighbors random graph, (ii) the clique count in random geometric graphs, and (iii) the volume of the set approximation via the Poisson–Voronoi tessellation.
Mean square rate of convergence for random walk approximation of forward-backward SDEs
Authors: Geiss Christel , Labart Céline , Luoto Antti
Published: September 2020

Let (Y,Z) denote the solution to a forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE). If one constructs a random walk$B^n$from the underlying Brownian motionBby Skorokhod embedding, one can show$L_2$-convergence of the corresponding solutions$(Y^n,Z^n)$to$(Y, Z).$We estimate the rate of convergence based on smoothness properties, especially for a terminal condition function in$C^{2,\alpha}$. The proof relies on an approximative representation of$Z^n$and uses the concept of discretized Malliavin calculus. Moreover, we use growth and smoothness properties of the partial differential equation associated to the FBSDE, as well as of the finite difference equations associated to the approximating stochastic equations. We derive these properties by probabilistic methods.
Improved queue-size scaling for input-queued switches via graph factorization
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Zhong Yuan
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the scaling of the expected total queue size in an $n\times n$ input-queued switch, as a function of both the load $\rho$ and the system scale n. We provide a new class of scheduling policies under which the expected total queue size scales as $O\big( n(1-\rho)^{-4/3} \log \big(\!\max\big\{\frac{1}{1-\rho}, n\big\}\big)\big)$, over all n and $\rho<1$, when the arrival rates are uniform. This improves on the best previously known scalings in two regimes: $O\big(n^{1.5}(1-\rho)^{-1} \log \frac{1}{1-\rho}\big)$ when $\Omega\big(n^{-1.5}\big) \le 1-\rho \le O\big(n^{-1}\big)$ and $O\big(\frac{n\log n}{(1-\rho)^2}\big)$ when $1-\rho \geq \Omega(n^{-1})$. A key ingredient in our method is a tight characterization of the largest k-factor of a random bipartite multigraph, which may be of independent interest.
Identifying mood disorders and health-related quality of life of individuals submitted to mandatory military service
Authors: de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Morais Naiane Silva , Menezes Vanessa Assis , Andrade Marília Santos , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Braz Allison Gustavo , Malysz Taís
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of mood disorders in Brazilian soldiers.

Methods:

A total of 353 soldiers answered the following questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the medical outcomes study SF-36 questionnaire, the Baecke questionnaire to assess the level of habitual physical activity (HPA) and the socioeconomic (SE) status questionnaire. Participants were classified according to their desire to pursue a military career.

Results:

Accordingly, 246 participants were allocated to a volunteer group (VG) and 107 to a non-volunteer group (NVG). According to the BDI data for both groups, 66.5% of the soldiers showed at least mild depressive symptoms. Additionally, the STAI data revealed that 27.8% and 8.4% of the soldiers showed high scores on state anxiety and trait anxiety, respectively. The POMS scores were higher in the NVG compared to the VG (Δ%=+263%, p<0.0001). Of the eight subscales, the SF-36 questionnaire showed statistical differences between the groups in the following five dimensions: functioning capacity (p = 0.0046), pain (p = 0.0011), vitality (p < 0.0001), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.0001) and mental health (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Mood disorder levels were higher and health status and related quality of life levels were lower in the NVG as compared to the VG.
Augmentation of clozapine with ECT: a retrospective case analysis
Authors: Lally John , Breese Emily , Osman Mugtaba , Hua Sim Cai , Shetty Hitesh , Krivoy Amir , MacCabe James H.
Published: September 2020

Objective:

We sought to assess the effectiveness of clozapine augmentation with Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (C+ECT) in patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of electronic health records to identify patients treated with C+ECT. We determined the response to C+ECT and the rate of rehospitalisation over the year following treatment with C+ECT.

Results:

Forty-two patients were treated with C+ECT over a 10-year period. The mean age of the patients at initiation of ECT was 46.3 (SD = 8.2) years (range 27–62 years). The mean number of ECTs given was 10.6 (SD = 5.3) (range 3–25) with the majority receiving twice weekly ECT. Seventy-six per cent of patients (n = 32) showed a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score of ≤3 (at least minimally improved) following C+ECT. The mean number of ECT treatments was 10.6 (SD = 5.3) (range 3–25) with the majority receiving twice weekly ECT. Sixty-four per cent of patients experienced no adverse events. Response to C+ECT was not associated with gender, age, duration of illness or duration of clozapine treatment. Seventy-five per cent of responders remained out of hospital over the course of 1-year follow-up, while 70% of those with no response to C+ECT were not admitted to hospital. Three patients received maintenance ECT, one of whom was rehospitalised.

Conclusion:

This study lends support to emerging evidence for the effectiveness of C+ECT in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. These results are consistent with the results of a meta-analysis and the only randomised controlled trial (RCT) of this intervention. Further RCTs are required before this treatment can be confidently recommended.
Food consumption on campus is associated with meal eating patterns among college students
Authors: Fonseca L. B. , Pereira L. P. , Rodrigues P. R. M. , Andrade A. C. de S. , Muraro A. P. , Gorgulho B. M. , Pereira R. A. , Ferreira M. G.
Published: September 2020

This is a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in the baseline of the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (n 685) carried out in a public Brazilian university. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Dietary patterns (DP) for breakfast, lunch and dinner were identified using principal component analysis. Generalised linear models were used to analyse the variables associated with each DP. Three DP were extracted for each meal: breakfast: ‘White bread and butter/margarine’, ‘Coffee and tea’ and ‘Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese’; lunch: ‘Traditional’, ‘Western’ and ‘Vegetarian’ and dinner: ‘Beans, rice and processed juice’, ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ and ‘White meat, eggs and natural juice’. Students who had meals at the campus showed greater adherence to the ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ (exp (βadj) = 1·15, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·19) and ‘Coffee and tea’ (exp (βadj) = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10) breakfast patterns; ‘Western’ lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08) and to the ‘Beans, rice and processed juice’ dinner pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·10, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·14). Having meals at the campus was associated with lower adherence to the ‘Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese’ breakfast pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·97), ‘Traditional’ lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and to the ‘White bread and butter/margarine’ (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and ‘White meat, eggs and natural juice’ (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) dinner pattern. The food environment at campus may influence students’ DP. Recognising meal eating patterns is important to support healthy eating promotion strategies on campus. Adjustments in the University Canteen menu could contribute to healthier eating choices among students.
Life history, dormancy regulation, reproductive physiology and basic behaviour of the subtropical fruit flyRhagoletotrypeta pastranai(Diptera:Tephritidae)
Authors: Moyano A. , Abraham S. , Ovruski S. , Van Nieuwenhove G. , Rull J.
Published: September 2020

With the purpose of broadening knowledge on the evolution of life history strategies and behaviour of fruit flies within the tribe Carpomyini, the natural history and mating behaviour of the poorly known speciesRhagoletotrypeta pastranaiAczél, are described for the first time. Larvae ofR. pastranaiwere recovered from infestedCeltis talaGillies ex Planch andCeltis iguanaea(Jacq.) Sarg. during a 2-month fruiting period. Adults emerged from the recovered pupae after an average of 144.9 ± 3.9 days for females and 143.2 ± 3.38 days for males, suggesting that most individuals became dormant. Results of a variable winter length study suggested that environmental factors other than winter length may regulate dormancy/diapause duration in this subtropical species. Under laboratory conditions,R. pastranaiadults lived an average of 51.13 ± 3.06 days in case of females and 48.08 ± 3.76 days in case of males, and required 5–15 days to reach sexual maturity. Behavioural observations under confinement revealed scarce sexual activity but sufficed to determine that, as in other members of the tribe Carpomyini,R. pastranaiexhibits a male resource defence mating system. We discuss our findings emphasizing the importance of documenting the natural history and behaviour of unknown species of family Tephritidae and additionally, we highlight the necessity of future research to understand factors regulating dormancy/diapause and the evolution of life history strategies and sexual behaviour of subtropical species.
The barriers and enablers to service access for older women living alone in Australia
Authors: Dickins Marissa , Johnstone Georgina , Renehan Emma , Lowthian Judy , Ogrin Rajna
Published: September 2020

Older women living alone are at risk of being socially and financially disadvantaged, which impacts their wellbeing. Currently there is a significant gap in knowledge relating to older women living alone. This study aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to service access in this group. We undertook a qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Thematic analysis was conducted to elucidate key themes. Thirty-seven women were interviewed between May and August 2017. Six key themes were identified: financial; mental and emotional health; mobility and ability; transport; social connections; and knowledge. Access issues for older women living alone are multifaceted and interconnected. Barriers and enablers to service access, as well as their intersections with gender and living situation, should be considered in service design and re-design.
Selectivity in bilingual nonspeech label learning
Authors: GRAF ESTES Katharine , ANTOVICH Dylan M. , VERDE Erica L.
Published: September 2020

This research investigates selectivity in word learning for bilingual infants. Previous work demonstrated that bilingual infants show greater openness to non-native language sounds in object labels than monolinguals (Hay et al., 2015; Singh, 2018). It remains unclear whether bilingual openness extends to nonspeech sounds. We presented 14- and 19-month-old bilinguals with object labels consisting of nonspeech tones. Monolinguals recently displayed learning of the same labels at 14 months, but not 19 months (Graf Estes et al., 2018). In contrast, bilinguals failed to learn the labels. We propose that hearing phonological variation across two languages helps bilinguals reject nonspeech word forms.
Deep learning models for global coordinate transformations that linearise PDEs
Authors: GIN CRAIG , LUSCH BETHANY , BRUNTON STEVEN L. , KUTZ J. NATHAN
Published: September 2020

We develop a deep autoencoder architecture that can be used to find a coordinate transformation which turns a non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) into a linear PDE. Our architecture is motivated by the linearising transformations provided by the Cole–Hopf transform for Burgers’ equation and the inverse scattering transform for completely integrable PDEs. By leveraging a residual network architecture, a near-identity transformation can be exploited to encode intrinsic coordinates in which the dynamics are linear. The resulting dynamics are given by a Koopman operator matrix K. The decoder allows us to transform back to the original coordinates as well. Multiple time step prediction can be performed by repeated multiplication by the matrix K in the intrinsic coordinates. We demonstrate our method on a number of examples, including the heat equation and Burgers’ equation, as well as the substantially more challenging Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, showing that our method provides a robust architecture for discovering linearising transforms for non-linear PDEs.
Lecture, répétition, parole spontanée : l’impact de la tâche sur le comportement du schwa en FLE
Authors: Kamerhuber Julia , Horvath Julia , Pustka Elissa
Published: September 2020

RESUME

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer l’impact de la tâche sur la prononciation du FLE, en l’occurrence sur le comportement du schwa. Dans cette perspective sont étudiées les productions de 145 apprenants autrichiens du FLE de niveau débutant à B1 dans la lecture d’une liste de mots et de deux textes, dans une tâche de répétition de mots ainsi que dans un entretien guidé (corpus de 87 heures et 45 minutes). L’étude se concentre sur la production du schwa dans huit mots et constructions :s(e)maine,ch(e)mise,premier,m(on)sieur,tout l(e) temps,tout l(e) monde,appartementetgouvernement. Nos résultats montrent que les 35 heures de parole spontanée ne contiennent que peu ou même pas d’occurrences de ces mots pour la moitié des cas analysés. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une méthode valable pour l’analyse du système linguistique, il s’avère dans la recherche de la prononciation des apprenants indispensable de la compléter par des tâches d’élicitation. L’élicitation par des formes graphiques présente pourtant l’inconvénient d’influencer la prononciation par la présence visuelle des lettres (sans différence notable entre la liste de mots et les textes). Cette influence ne se limite pas au processus de décodage en temps réel.
Elevated Intraindividual Variability in Executive Functions and Associations with White Matter Microstructure in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sorg Scott F. , Merritt Victoria C. , Clark Alexandra L. , Werhane Madeleine L. , Holiday Kelsey A. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Bondi Mark , Delano-Wood Lisa
Published: September 2020

Objective:

We examined whether intraindividual variability (IIV) across tests of executive functions (EF-IIV) is elevated in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to military controls (MCs) without a history of mTBI. We also explored relationships among EF-IIV, white matter microstructure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

Method:

A total of 77 Veterans (mTBI = 43, MCs = 34) completed neuropsychological testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and PTSD symptom ratings. EF-IIV was calculated as the standard deviation across six tests of EF, along with an EF-Mean composite. DSI Studio connectometry analysis identified white matter tracts significantly associated with EF-IIV according to generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA).

Results:

After adjusting for EF-Mean and PTSD symptoms, the mTBI group showed significantly higher EF-IIV than MCs. Groups did not differ on EF-Mean after adjusting for PTSD symptoms. Across groups, PTSD symptoms significantly negatively correlated with EF-Mean, but not with EF-IIV. EF-IIV significantly negatively correlated with GFA in multiple white matter pathways connecting frontal and more posterior regions.

Conclusions:

Veterans with mTBI demonstrated significantly greater IIV across EF tests compared to MCs, even after adjusting for mean group differences on those measures as well as PTSD severity. Findings suggest that, in contrast to analyses that explore effects of mean performance across tests, discrepancy analyses may capture unique variance in neuropsychological performance and more sensitively capture cognitive disruption in Veterans with mTBI histories. Importantly, findings show that EF-IIV is negatively associated with the microstructure of white matter pathways interconnecting cortical regions that mediate executive function and attentional processes.
Revisiting Global Welfare Regimes: Gender, (In)formal Employment and Care
Authors: Roumpakis Antonios
Published: September 2020

Gender critiques of comparative welfare state research have so far predominantly focused on OECD countries but less so in countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America. Existing comparative social policy research in these regions often cites the importance of informal networks and family for social protection but less attention is paid into gender relations and their importance for the social reproduction of these welfare regimes. The article comparatively analyses gender differences in the sphere of production (captured by the gender gap in formal and informal employment) and social reproduction (captured by time spent on unpaid domestic work). The article identifies regional patterns and explores implications for women’s ability to access welfare and the labour market. Additionally, it shows that informal activities (employment, domestic work) are extensive among many African, Asian, Latin American, but also specific OECD, welfare regimes. The article contributes first by incorporating gender in the analysis of global welfare regime and second by highlighting the importance of informal relationships for the analysis of welfare regimes.
Dipolar stability in spherical simulations: The impact of an inner stable zone
Authors: Zaire Bonnie , Jouve Laurène
Published: September 2020

Magnetic fields vary in complexity for different stars. The stability of dipolar magnetic fields is known to depend on different quantities, e.g., the stellar rotation, the stratification, and the intensity of convective motions. Here, we study the dipolar stability in a system with an inner stable zone. We present preliminary results of dynamo simulations using the Rayleigh number as a control parameter. The stiffness of the stable zone is accordingly varied to keep a constant ratio of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency to the angular velocity. Similarly to the completely convective spherical shell, we find that a transition exists between a regime where the magnetic field is dipolar to a multipolar regime when the Rossby number is increased. The value of the Rossby number at the transition is very close to the one of the fully convective case.
Star-planet interaction through spectral lines
Authors: Villarreal D’Angelo C. , Vidotto A. A. , Esquivel A. , Sgró M. A. , Koskinen T. , Fossati L.
Published: September 2020

The growth of spectroscopic observations of exoplanetary systems allows the possibility of testing theoretical models and studying the interaction that exoplanetary atmospheres have with the wind and the energetic photons from the star. In this work, we present a set of numerical 3D simulations of HD 209458b for which spectral lines observations of their evaporative atmosphere are available. The different simulations aim to reproduce different scenarios for the star-planet interaction. With our models, we reconstruct the Lyα line during transit and compare with observations. The results allows us to analyse the shape of the line profile under these different scenarios and the comparison with the observations suggest that HD209458b may have a magnetic field off less than 1 G. We also explore the behaviour of the magnesium lines for models with and without magnetic fields.
Revisiting the building blocks of solar magnetic fields by GREGOR
Authors: Utz Dominik , Kuckein Christoph , Campos Rozo Jose Iván , González Manrique Sergio Javier , Balthasar Horst , Gömöry Peter , Hernández Judith Palacios , Denker Carsten , Verma Meetu , Kontogiannis Ioannis , Krikova Kilian , Hofmeister Stefan , Diercke Andrea
Published: September 2020

The Sun is our dynamic host star due to its magnetic fields causing plentiful of activity in its atmosphere. From high energetic flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to lower energetic phenomena such as jets and fibrils. Thus, it is of crucial importance to learn about formation and evolution of solar magnetic fields. These fields cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, starting on the larger end with active regions harbouring complex sunspots, via isolated pores, down to the smallest yet resolved elements – so-called magnetic bright points (MBPs). Here, we revisit the various manifestations of solar magnetic fields by the largest European solar telescope in operation, the 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope. We show images from the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) and spectropolarimetric data from the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Besides, we outline resolved convective features inside the larger structures – so-called light-bridges occurring on large to mid-sized scales.
Trigger mechanisms of the major solar flares
Authors: Yang Shuhong
Published: September 2020

Solar flares, suddenly releasing a large amount of magnetic energy, are one of the most energetic phenomena on the Sun. For the major flares (M- and X-class flares), there exist strong-gradient polarity-inversion lines in the pre-flare photospheric magnetograms. Some parameters (e.g., electric current, shear angle, free energy) are used to measure the magnetic non-potentiality of active regions, and the kernels of major flares coincide with the highly non-potential regions. Magnetic flux emergence and cancellation, shearing motion, and sunspot rotation observed in the photosphere are deemed to play an important role in the energy buildup and flare trigger. Solar active region 12673 produced many major flares, among which the X9.3 flare is the largest one in solar cycle 24. According to the newly proposed block-induced eruption model, the block-induced complex structures built the flare-productive active region and the X9.3 flare was triggered by an erupting filament due to the kink instability.
Exploring Flaring Behaviour on Low Mass Stars, Solar-type Stars and the Sun
Authors: Doyle L. , Ramsay G. , Doyle J. G. , Wyper P. F. , Scullion E. , Wu K. , McLaughlin J. A.
Published: September 2020

We report on our project to study the activity in both the Sun and low mass stars. Utilising high cadence, Hα observations of a filament eruption made using the CRISP spectropolarimeter mounted on the Swedish Solar Telescope has allowed us to determine 3D velocity maps of the event. To gain insight into the physical mechanism which drives the event we have qualitatively compared our observation to a 3D MHD reconnection model. Solar-type and low mass stars can be highly active producing flares with energies exceeding erg. Using K2 and TESS data we find no correlation between the number of flares and the rotation phase which is surprising. Our solar flare model can be used to aid our understanding of the origin of flares in other stars. By scaling up our solar model to replicate observed stellar flare energies, we investigate the conditions needed for such high energy flares.
From the Sun to solar-type stars: radial velocity, photometry, astrometry and logR′HK time series for late-F to early-K old stars
Authors: Meunier Nadège , Lagrange Anne-Marie
Published: September 2020

Solar simulations and observations showed that the detection of Earth twins around Sun-like stars is difficult in radial velocities with current methods techniques. The Sun has proved to be very useful to test processes, models, and analysis methods. The convective blueshift effect, dominating for the Sun, decreases towards lower mass stars, providing more suitable conditions to detect low mass planets. We describe the basic processes at work and how we extended a realistic solar model of radial velocity, photometry, astrometry and LogR′HK variability, using a coherent grid of stellar parameters covering a large range in mass and average activity levels. We present selected results concerning the impact of magnetic activity on Earth-mass planet detectability as a function of stellar type. We show how such realistic simulations can help characterizing the effect of stellar activity on RV and astrometric exoplanet detection.
Coherent structures and magnetic reconnection in photospheric and interplanetary magnetic field turbulence
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo A. , Chian Abraham C.-L. , Rempel Erico L. , Silva Suzana S. A.
Published: September 2020

In this paper it is shown that rope-rope magnetic reconnection in the solar wind can enhance multifractality in the inertial subrange and drive intermittent magnetic field turbulence. Additionally, it is shown that Lagrangian coherent structures can unveil the transport barriers of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun.
CME deflections due to magnetic forces from the Sun and Kepler-63
Authors: Menezes F. , Netto Y. , Kay C. , Opher M. , Valio A.
Published: September 2020

The stellar magnetic field is the driver of activity in the star and can trigger energetic flares, CMEs and ionized wind. These phenomena, specially CMEs, may have an important impact on the magnetosphere and atmosphere of the orbiting planets. To predict whether a CME will impact a planet, the effects of the background on the CME's trajectory must be taken into account. We used the MHD code ForeCAT – a model for CME deflection due to magnetic forces – to perform numerical simulations of CMEs being launched from both the Sun and Kepler-63, which is a young, solar-like star with high activity. Comparing results from Kepler-63 and the Sun gives us a panorama of the distinct activity level and star-planet interactions of these systems due to the difference of stellar ages and star-planet distances.
Temporal evolution of the velocity distribution in systems described by the Vlasov equation; Radiation Belts: Analytical and computational results
Authors: Tamburrini C Abiam , Gallo-Méndez Iván , Davis Sergio , Moya Pablo S.
Published: September 2020

An interesting problem in plasma physics, when approached from the point of view of Statistical Mechanics is to obtain properties of collisionless plasmas, which are described by the Vlasov equation. Through what we call the Ehrenfest procedure, which uses statistical mechanical relations we obtain expectation value relations for arbitrary observables, which allows us to study the dynamics of the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt. Focusing on the velocity fluctuations, the width of the distribution function and the pitch angle, a computer simulation was performed to describe the system in order to compare and test the Ehrenfest approach. Our results show that the change in the average width of the distribution follows the analytical relation. However, for the velocity fluctuation results are not conclusive yet and require more exploration. It remains as future work to verify the relation for the pitch angle.
Global evolution of solar magnetic fields and prediction of activity cycles
Authors: Kitiashvili Irina N.
Published: September 2020

Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly surface layers. Helioseismology makes it possible to probe solar dynamics in the convective zone, but variations in differential rotation and meridional circulation are currently available for only two solar activity cycles. It has been demonstrated that sunspot observations, which cover over 400 years, can be used to calibrate the Parker-Kleeorin-Ruzmaikin dynamo model, and that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to link the modeled magnetic fields to sunspot observations and make reliable predictions of a following activity cycle. However, for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to use actual observations of the solar magnetic fields, which are available only for the last four solar cycles. In this paper I briefly discuss the influence of the limited number of available observations on the accuracy of EnKF estimates of solar cycle parameters, the criteria to evaluate the predictions, and application of synoptic magnetograms to the prediction of solar activity.
Are there local dynamo in solar polar region?
Authors: Jin Chunlan
Published: September 2020

Polar magnetic field, as a component produced by the global dynamo, is thought to be the remant of toroidal magnetic field transported poleward from Sun’s active belt. With the improvement of instruments, more and more observations are challenging the viewpoint. Recently, we identify the bipolar magnetic emergences (BMEs) in the polar region, and find that the distribution of the magnetic axes for these BMEs shows random state, which does not follow the Joy’s law of active region. The result implies the possible existence of local dynamo in the solar polar region.
A solar cycle 25 prediction based on 4D-var data assimilation approach
Authors: Sacha Brun Allan , Pui Hung Ching , Fournier Alexandre , Jouve Laurène , Talagrand Olivier , Strugarek Antoine , Hazra Soumitra
Published: September 2020

Based on our modern 4D-var data assimilation pipeline Solar Predict we present in this short proceeding paper our prediction for the next solar cycle 25. As requested by the Solar Cycle 25 panel call issued on January 2019 by NOAA/SWPC and NASA, we predict the timing of next minimum and maximum as well as their amplitude. Our results are the following: the minimum should have occured within the first semester of year 2019. The maximum should occur in year 2024.4 ± 6 months, with a value of the sunspot number equal to 92±10. This is in agreement with the NOAA/NASA consensus published in April 2019. Note that our prediction errors are based on 1-σ measure and do not consider all the systematics, so they are likely underestimated. We will update our prediction and error analysis regularly as more data becomes available and we improve our prediction pipeline.
The Prosperity Gospel of Coronavirus Response
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Burge Ryan P.
Published: September 2020

The sweep of the coronavirus pandemic across the world and the United States offers an almost unparalleled opportunity to study how social systems cope with the threat and opportunities for collective action. In this paper, we draw on survey data collected as the United States flailed in response and before a general consensus among executive officeholders developed in the following weeks. In particular, we assess how holding prosperity gospel views strongly shaped perceptions of the virus and reactions to state responses to the virus. Research on the prosperity gospel is slowly expanding and this paper helps to highlight some missing dimensions. At a time when concerted action for the social good could be uniting the country, prosperity gospel beliefs systematically undermine that possibility by augmenting threat, raising outgroup barriers, and decreasing social trust.
A study in the use of embedded readings to improve the accessibility and understanding of Latin literature at A Level
Authors: Gall Ameila
Published: September 2020

Part way through the second school placement of my PGCE teacher training course I began to teach Latin unseen translation, where students are given an unfamiliar passage to translate, to a Year 13 cohort of just two students. The translation element of the course was proving challenging for both students – they struggled with language comprehension, and the A Level language course seems not very accessible to students with low prior attainment. Furthermore, my second placement school is an Upper School, so students start Latin from scratch in Year 9. Because of the time constraint those who choose take GCSE do the Eduqas Latin exam, which requires that slightly less grammar and syntax needs to be covered than the OCR syllabus (for example, the ablative absolute construction is absent from the Eduqas examination, but present in the OCR). For the small number carrying on in the 6th form, this results in a linguistic shortfall which has to be made up before beginning the OCR A Level specification. This seems to be a challenge even for very able Latinists, and more so for my two students, Alice and Michael (not their real names), and had presented an added barrier to their facility in grasping and translating complex language structures, both in unseen translations and the demanding set texts. Simply ‘practising’ by going through texts together was not proving helpful, as once my oral prompts during this process were removed and they were left on their own they reverted to guesswork instead of applying their knowledge and logic to the text. Similarly poor results in translation were evident from practice literature papers which they had taken before February half term, even though these were prepared texts – while the language paper asks students to tackle short unseen translations, the literature component calls for the extensive preparation of a much longer text, from which students must translate and analyse selected passages in the examination, as well as answering a broad essay question. However, despite the fact that Alice and Michael had been through their set text in detail with their teacher and made their own translations, it appeared that, when presented with a passage from the set text in exam conditions, the language looked just as intimidating to them as if they had not seen it before, and they were equally unable to produce a sensible attempt at translation. I therefore became interested in finding ways for them to approach texts which would minimise the ‘fear factor’ and allow them to access meaning without being put off by complex syntax.