bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Rotary Retreatment Systems for Removal of Filling Material from Primary Teeth Obturated with Contemporary Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , da Silva Eduardo Galera , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Moreira Camila Said , Martinho Frederico Canato , Coelho Marcella Pavanello Batista , Júnior Luis Roberto Manhães Coutinho
Published: February 2016

Introduction

This study has used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the efficacy of two different nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary retreatment systems for removal of filling material from teeth obturated with contemporary endodontic sealers. The operative time required for removal of root filling materials was also evaluated.

Methods

Sixty root canals were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used for obturation: AH Plus Jet, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, and RoekoSeal Automix (RSA) (all, n = 20). After obturation, each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the NiTi retreatment rotary system: Mtwo retreatment (Mtwo-R) file subgroup and ProTaper-UR subgroup—both instrumented with Mtwo-R files. Teeth were scanned with a microcomputed tomography before and after obturation.

Results

Residual filling material was observed in 100% of the specimens after retreatment. No difference was found between Mtwo-R and ProTaper-UR systems (p > 0.05). The RSA was more effectively removed from dentin walls than AH Plus Jet (p < 0.05), with no difference to MTA Fillapex (p > 0.05). Thus, teeth obturated with RSA required less operative time to be retreated (both, p<0.05).

Conclusion

ProTaper-UR and Mtwo-R systems were effective in removing the filling materials after instrumentation, but they could not eliminate them completely. Moreover, teeth obturated with silicone-based sealer RSA showed less residual filling material in dentin walls compared to the epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus Jet), which exhibited no difference compared to the salicylate resin-based sealer (MTA Fillapex). Teeth obturated with silicon-based sealer also required less operative time to be retreated despite the NiTi rotary retreatment system tested.

How to cite this article

Moreira CS, Martinho FC, Coelho MPB, Júnior LRMC, da Silva EG, Torres CRG, Gomes APM. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Rotary Retreatment Systems for Removal of Filling Material from Primary Teeth Obturated with Contemporary Endodontic Sealers. World J Dent 2015;6(3):129-137.
Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern
Authors: Rubika J , Felicita A Sumathi , Sivambiga V
Published: February 2016

Aim

To determine the gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle in patients with horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern belonging to the local Chennai population and determine if it can be used as a growth indicator.

Materials and methods

Gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms of 90 patients—44 males and 46 females.

Results

A one sample t-test was used to determine the mean values for average, horizontal and vertical growth pattern and to check their level of significance. All the values were statistically significant with a p-value = 0.000.

Conclusion

The upper gonial angle was the same irrespective of growth pattern. The gonial angle and lower gonial angle can be used as an indicator for growth.

How to cite this article

Rubika J, Felicita AS, Sivambiga V. Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern. World J Dent 2015;6(3):161-163.
Effect of Application of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Microabraded Teeth
Authors: Srilatha S , Ladhani Zeeshan Hasanali , Dargad Sayli , Dixit Vighnesh
Published: February 2016

Background

To evaluate microhardness of enamel surface after microabrasion of enamel using casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF).

Materials and methods

Ten freshly extracted anterior teeth were selected. Teeth were treated with abrasive slurry. This prepared slurry was applied to the labial aspects of teeth, using a rotating rubber cup, for 50 seconds. Each tooth was divided into four parts and treated accordingly with the topical application of the demineralizing agent stored in artificial saliva.

The teeth were divided into four groups, as follows:

– Group A: Control group

– Group B: Microabrasion done but not treated

– Group C: Microabrasion done and CPP-ACP paste applied

– Group D: Microabrasion done and CPP-ACPF (i.e. with fluoride) applied.

The microhardness was evaluated using the Vicker's microhardness test.

Results

Microhardness values were highest for the control group followed by group D, group C and finally group B. Microabraded group of teeth with no topical application showed least microhardness values of all.

Conclusion

The CPP-ACPF increased the microabrasion significantly as compared to CPP-ACP and microabrasion group.

How to cite this article

Ladhani ZH, Dargad S, Dixit V, Srilatha S, Hegde V. Effect of Application of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Microabraded Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):174-177.
Crown Lengthening as Treatment for Altered Passive Eruption: Review and Case Report
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Lima Suellen Nogueira Linares , Higashi Cristian , Bonafé Elize , Pilatti Gibson Luiz , Santos Fábio André
Published: February 2016

This case report relates a patient with altered passive eruption (APE) treated with surgical crown lengthening. There is a strong association between smile esthetics and periodontal tissues. ‘Gummy smile’ constitutes a relatively frequent esthetic disadvantage characterized by excessive display of the gums during upper lip smiling. One situation that can lead to gummy smile is APE. There are many important diagnostic factors connected with APE. These include making a correct diagnosis; considering facial and oral features before considering the most appropriate periodontal treatment. A 21-year-old female patient presented to the dental clinic expressing to be discontent with her smile, due to the display of gingiva when she smiles. Before choosing the adequate treatment, esthetics and periodontal factors were analyzed. In the present case report, surgical crown lengthening was the treatment chosen. Through a correct diagnosis and technique, it was possible to obtain harmony in the smile. Crown-lengthening surgery is an important choice of treatment, because it is a less invasive technique and it permits the establishment of an esthetical smile.

How to cite this article

Pinto SCS, Higashi C, Bonafé E, Pilatti GL, Santos FA, Tonetto MR, Lima SNL, Bandéca MC. Crown Lengthening as Treatment for Altered Passive Eruption: Review and Case Report. World J Dent 2015;6(3):178-183.
Clinical Outcomes of Tamoxifen and Clomiphene Citrate in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles
Authors: Majeed Asifa , Divyashree PS
Published: February 2016

Background

Both selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and clomiphene have been used for ovulation induction for patients with anovulatory infertility. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of tamoxifen to clomiphene on clinical outcome in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.

Materials and methods

It is a retrospective clinical study. Two hundred and seven women undergoing IUI cycles from July 2013 to July 2014 at Milann—The fertility centre, Bengaluru, India were analyzed. Tamoxifen was administered in the dose of 40 mg starting from day 2/3 of the menstrual cycle for a period of 5 days and clomiphene citrate (CC) was administered in the dose of 100 mg from day 2/3 of menstrual cycle for 5 days. Monitoring of ovulation was done by transvaginal ultrasound from day 5/6 till dominant follicle size was more than 18 mm. Highly purified human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in the dose of 5000 IU was given. Double insemination was done at 24 and 36 hours. Luteal phase support was given in form of dydrogesterone 10 mg twice a day for 14 days. Serum beta-hCG was done after 14 days.

Result

In our study, 76 patients recieved clomiphene citrate (37%) and 126 patients received tamoxifen (62.9%). Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, period of infertility, FSH, LH, antral follicle count and their human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) requirement (Table 1). Thirteen patients (23.6%) in CC group and 42 patients (76.4%) in tamoxifen group had positive serum beta hCG result. p-value was found to be significant (p = 0.016) (Table 2).

Conclusion

Tamoxifen was associated with better endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate when compared to clomiphene citrate in ovarian stimulation in IUI cycles.

How to cite this article

Majeed A, Divyashree PS, Rao KA. Clinical Outcomes of Tamoxifen and Clomiphene Citrate in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):118-121.
Influence of Sperm Morphology on the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technique—Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Muthukumar K , Aleyamma TK , Preetha PR
Published: February 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spermatozoa morphology on ICSI cycle outcome parameters in couples with male factor infertility.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University-level tertiary care center.

Patients and methods

One hundred and forty-eight couples with male factor infertility who had undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle from 2010 to December 2012 were included in this analysis. The semen samples of the male partners were classified according to the three predictive categories of the Tygerberg strict criteria: excellent prognosis (> 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa), good prognosis (5–14%) and poor prognosis (< 5%).

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the embryo quality rate.

Results

Patients in the poor prognosis subgroups exhibited deficits in spermatozoa concentration, motility and total motile fraction. The variations in the outcome parameters of fertilization rate, embryo development rate and embryo quality did not correlate with sperm morphology.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that Kruger's strict morphology criteria of the fresh semen sample is not a good predictor for the ICSI cycle outcome.

How to cite this article

Preetha RP, Kamath MS, Aleyamma TK, Muthukumar K. Influence of Sperm Morphology on the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technique-Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):122-127.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Muralidhar Lakshmidevi , Pandey Pramila
Published: February 2016

Mature cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst constitutes about 10 to 20% of all ovarian tumors in the reproductive age group. Malignant transformation is seen in these tumors in about 1 to 2%. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constitutes about 75 to 85% of malignant transformation. Imaging characters and serum tumor markers are two important modalities to differentiate benign and malignant lesions. We are presenting a rare case of SCC arising from mature teratoma. The aim of this presentation is to stress on the significance of preoperative risk assessment of SCC in mature cystic teratoma in postmenopausal age group for optimal treatment.

How to cite this article

Muralidhar L, Venkatesh S, Pandey P. Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dermoid Cyst. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):133-135.
Ovarian Torsion: A Gynecological Emergency
Authors: Garg Nupur , Krishna Deepika , Rathor Suvarna
Published: February 2016

Ovarian torsion is an uncommon gynecological emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Timely investigation and management can make the difference between ovarian loss and salvage, an outcome of great importance in the population of reproductive age females. Our case series is about clinical presentation and management approach of adnexal torsion in a tertiary care fertility center. Adnexal torsion was found mainly in the reproductive age during poststimulation postovulatory period in all cases. Ultrasound was the most commonly used imaging modality. Ovarian stimulation was the risk factor seen in all the patients. Diagnosis of adnexal torsion was mostly clinical. Laparoscopy was the preferred method of surgical intervention. Ovarian conservation was possible in all cases except one.

How to cite this article

Garg N, Krishna D, Rathor S, Rao K. Ovarian Torsion: A Gynecological Emergency. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):136-140.
Mobile sensor network noise reduction and recalibration using a Bayesian network
Authors: Xiang Y. , Tang Y. , Zhu W.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. People are becoming increasingly interested in mobile air quality sensor network applications. By eliminating the inaccuracies caused by spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pollutant distributions, this method shows great potential for atmospheric research. However, systems based on low-cost air quality sensors often suffer from sensor noise and drift. For the sensing systems to operate stably and reliably in real-world applications, those problems must be addressed. In this work, we exploit the correlation of different types of sensors caused by cross sensitivity to help identify and correct the outlier readings. By employing a Bayesian network based system, we are able to recover the erroneous readings and recalibrate the drifted sensors simultaneously. Our method improves upon the state-of-art Bayesian belief network techniques by incorporating the virtual evidence and adjusting the sensor calibration functions recursively.Specifically, we have (1) designed a system based on the Bayesian belief network to detect and recover the abnormal readings, (2) developed methods to update the sensor calibration functions infield without requirement of ground truth, and (3) extended the Bayesian network with virtual evidence for infield sensor recalibration. To validate our technique, we have tested our technique with metal oxide sensors measuring NO2, CO, and O3 in a real-world deployment. Compared with the existing Bayesian belief network techniques, results based on our experiment setup demonstrate that our system can reduce error by 34.1 % and recover 4 times more data on average.
Fate of terrestrial organic carbon and associated CO2 and CO emissions from two Southeast Asian estuaries
Authors: Müller D. , Warneke T. , Rixen T. , Müller M. , Mujahid A. , Bange H. W. , Notholt J.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Southeast Asian rivers convey large amounts of organic carbon, but little is known about the fate of this terrestrial material in estuaries. Although Southeast Asia is, by area, considered a hotspot of estuarine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, studies in this region are very scarce. We measured dissolved and particulate organic carbon, as well as CO2 partial pressures and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in two tropical estuaries in Sarawak, Malaysia, whose coastal area is covered by carbon-rich peatlands. We surveyed the estuaries of the rivers Lupar and Saribas during the wet and dry season, respectively. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely of terrestrial origin. We found evidence that a large fraction of this carbon is respired. The median pCO2 in the estuaries ranged between 640 and 5065 µatm with little seasonal variation. CO2 fluxes were determined with a floating chamber and estimated to amount to 14–268 mol m−2 yr−1, which is high compared to other studies from tropical and subtropical sites. Estimates derived from a merely wind-driven turbulent diffusivity model were considerably lower, indicating that these models might be inappropriate in estuaries, where tidal currents and river discharge make an important contribution to the turbulence driving water–air gas exchange. Although an observed diurnal variability of CO concentrations suggested that CO was photochemically produced, the overall concentrations and fluxes were relatively moderate (0.4–1.3 nmol L−1 and 0.7–1.8 mmol m−2 yr−1) if compared to published data for oceanic or upwelling systems. We attributed this to the large amounts of suspended matter (4–5004 mg L−1), limiting the light penetration depth and thereby inhibiting CO photoproduction. We concluded that estuaries in this region function as an efficient filter for terrestrial organic carbon and release large amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. The Lupar and Saribas rivers deliver 0.3 ± 0.2 Tg C yr−1 to the South China Sea as organic carbon and their mid-estuaries release approximately 0.4 ± 0.2 Tg C yr−1 into the atmosphere as CO2.
The fate of 15N-nitrate in mesocosms from five European peatlands differing in long-term nitrogen deposition rate
Authors: Zając K. , Blodau C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition changes the retention, transformation, and fluxes of N in ombrotrophic peatlands. To evaluate such effects we applied a 15N tracer (NH4 15NO3) at a rate of 2.3 g N m−2 yr−1 to mesocosms of five European peatlands with differing long-term N deposition rates for a period of 76 days of dry and 90 days of wet conditions. We determined background N content and moss length growth, and recovered the 15N tracer from the mosses, graminoids, shrubs, the peat, and dissolved N. Background N contents in Sphagnum mosses increased from 5.5 (Degerö Stormyr, deposition < 0.2 g N m−2 yr−1) up to 12.2 mg g−1 (Frölichshaier Sattelmoor, 4.7–6.0 g N m−2 yr−1). In peat from Degerö, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were below 3 mg L−1, whereas up to 30 (nitrate) and 11 mg L−1 (ammonium) was found in peat from Frölichshaier Sattelmoor. Sphagnum mosses (down to 5 cm below surface) generally intercepted large amounts of 15N (0.2–0.35 mg g−1) and retained the tracer most effectively relative to their biomass. Similar quantities of the 15N were recovered from the peat, followed by shrubs, graminoids, and the dissolved pool. At the most polluted sites we recovered more 15N from shrubs (up to 12.4 %) and from nitrate and ammonium (up to 0.7 %). However, no impact of N deposition on 15N retention by Sphagnum could be identified and their length growth was highest under high N background deposition. Our experiment suggests that the decline in N retention at levels above ca. 1.5 g m−2 yr−1, as expressed by elevated near-surface peat N content and increased dissolved N concentrations, is likely more modest than previously thought. This conclusion is related to the finding that Sphagnum species can apparently thrive at elevated long-term N deposition rates in European peatlands.
Research priorities in support of ocean monitoring and forecasting at the Met Office
Authors: Siddorn J. R. , Good S. A. , Harris C. M. , Lewis H. W. , Maksymczuk J. , Martin M. J. , Saulter A.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Ocean monitoring and forecasting services are increasingly being used by a diverse community of public and commercial organizations. The Met Office, as the body responsible for severe weather prediction, has for many years been involved in providing forecasts of aspects of the marine environment. This paper describes how these have evolved to include a range of wave, surge, and ocean reanalysis, analysis, and forecasts services. To support these services, and to ensure they evolve to meet the demands of users and are based on the best available science, a number of scientific challenges need to be addressed. The paper goes on to summarize the key challenges, and highlights some priorities for the ocean monitoring and forecasting research group at the Met Office. There is a need to both develop the underpinning science of the modelling and data assimilation systems and to maximize the benefits from observations and other inputs to the systems. Systematic evaluation underpins this science, and also needs to be the focus of research.
Multi-sensor in situ observations to resolve the sub-mesoscale in the stratified Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Authors: Lips U. , Kikas V. , Liblik T. , Lips I.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. High-resolution numerical modelling, remote sensing and in situ data have revealed significant role of submesoscale features in shaping the distribution pattern of tracers in the ocean upper layer. However, in situ measurements are difficult to conduct with the required resolution and coverage in time and space to resolve the sub-mesoscale, especially in such relatively shallow basins as the Gulf of Finland where the typical baroclinic Rossby radius is 2–5 km. In order to map the multi-scale spatiotemporal variability in the gulf, we initiated continuous measurements with autonomous devices, including a moored profiler and ferrybox system, which were complemented by dedicated research vessel based surveys. The analysis of collected high-resolution data in summers 2009–2012 revealed pronounced variability at the sub-mesoscale in the presence of mesoscale upwelling/downwelling, fronts and eddies. The horizontal wavenumber spectra of temperature variance in the surface layer had slopes close to −2 between the lateral scales from 10 to 0.5 km. Similar tendency towards the −2 slopes of horizontal wavenumber spectra of temperature variance was found in the seasonal thermocline between the lateral scales from 10 to 1 km. It suggests that the ageostrophic sub-mesoscale processes could contribute considerably to the energy cascade in such stratified sea basin. We showed that the intrusions of waters with different salinity, which indicate the occurrence of layered flow structure, could appear in the process of upwelling/downwelling development and relaxation in response to variable wind forcing. We suggest that the sub-mesoscale processes play a major role in feeding surface blooms in the conditions of coupled coastal upwelling and downwelling events in the Gulf of Finland.
Atmospheric significance of aeolian salts in the sandy deserts of northwestern China
Authors: Zhu B.-Q.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Large sandy deserts in the middle latitudes of northwestern China were investigated for soluble salt variations in modern and ancient aeolian sediments, aiming to explore the environmental significance of “aeolian salts”. Results revealed that aeolian salt variations have a clear relationship with the changing meridional and zonal gradients of the desert locations and the aeolian differentiation effect, but are weakly linked to local geological conditions. Atmospheric depositions of water-soluble chemical species are an important process/source contributing to aeolian salt. Sequential variations of soluble salts in sedimentary profiles interbedded with aeolian and non-aeolian deposits and their palaeoenvironmental implications in the hinterland areas of these deserts were further evaluated, based on the constraints of OSL dating and radiocarbon dating data. The results indicate that inorganic salts may be a latent geoproxy in revealing regional palaeoclimatic changes in desert areas for sediments deposited under a single depositional environment, but the interpretation should be more cautious for sediments deposited under diverse depositional conditions. This study presents evidence of the atmospheric origin of aeolian salt in sandy deserts, with limited climatic significance in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.
Snowpack modelling in the Pyrenees driven by kilometric resolution meteorological forecasts
Authors: Quéno Louis , Vionnet Vincent , Dombrowski-Etchevers Ingrid , Lafaysse Matthieu , Dumont Marie , Karbou Fatima
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Distributed snowpack simulations in the French and Spanish Pyrenees were carried out using the detailed snowpack model Crocus driven by the Numerical Weather Prediction system AROME at 2.5 km grid spacing, during four consecutive winters, from 2010 to 2014. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of kilometric resolution atmospheric forcing to a snowpack model for describing the spatial variability of seasonal snow cover within a mountain range. The evaluation was performed through comparisons to ground-based measurements of snow depth, snow water equivalent and precipitation, to satellite snow cover images and to snowpack simulations driven by the analysis system SAFRAN. Snow depths simulated by AROME–Crocus exhibit an overall positive bias, particularly marked on the first summits near the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation of mesoscale orographic effects by AROME allows to capture a realistic regional snowpack variability, unlike SAFRAN–Crocus. The categorical study of daily snow depth variations gives a differentiated perspective of accumulation and ablation processes. Both models underestimate strong snow accumulations and strong snow depth decreases, which is mainly due to the non-simulated wind-induced erosion, the underestimation of strong melting and an insufficient settling after snowfalls. The problematic assimilation of precipitation gauge measurements is also emphasized, which raises the issue of a dedicated analysis to complement the benefits of AROME kilometric resolution and dynamical behaviour in mountainous terrain.
Using fish assemblage to identify success criteria for seagrass habitat restoration
Authors: Scapin L. , Zucchetta M. , Facca C. , Sfriso A. , Franzoi P.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. A fish-based multimetric index was applied to assess the ecological status of fish fauna in both natural and newly restored seagrass meadows in the Venice lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy), using natural habitats as reference sites. Fish assemblages were then compared, and community attributes of recreated and natural habitats were evaluated. Ecological status resulted higher in natural meadows, and a multivariate analysis showed that an increase in the relative proportion of seagrass specialists at restored sites could represent an indicator of success of seagrass restoration.
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND SOFTENING BEHAVIOR IN SELF-ASSEMBLED POLY (BUTADIENE-BLOCK-(STYRENE-STAT-BUTADIENE)) COPOLYMERS
Authors: Da Silva C. A. , Weydert M. , Budde H. , Wendler U. , Menzel M. , Bartke M. , Beiner M.
Published: February 2016

Two series of poly(butadiene-block-(styrene-stat-butadiene) (PB-SBR) diblock copolymers were synthesized to study interrelations between microphase-separated state and relaxation dynamics. Series I consists of six symmetric PB-SBR samples (ΦSBR ∼ 0.50) with different styrene contents in the random SBR block (21 mol% ≤ xS,SBR ≤ 52 mol%). Series II contains six asymmetric PB-SBR diblock copolymers with almost constant styrene content in the SBR block (xS,SBR = 32 ± 4 mol%) and SBR volume fractions in the range of 0.20 ≤ ΦSBR ≤ 0.69. All PB-SBR diblock copolymers have a total molecular weight of about 200 kg/mol with 1,2-vinyl content of about 8.5 and 15.8 mol% in the soft PB and in the hard SBR block, respectively. A novel synthesis route has been developed so as to maintain low 1,2-vinyl contents in both blocks and a random distribution of the styrene units in the SBR block. The softening behavior of non–cross-linked PB-SBR diblocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, providing first information about miscibility. The morphology of cross-linked PB-SBR diblock copolymers, which have been vulcanized with sulfur at 150 °C using standard procedures, was studied by atomic force microscopy. Dynamic shear measurements aimed at understanding the influence of morphological changes on the segmental dynamics of both phases, αPB and αSBR, were performed on vulcanized samples. Atomic force microscopy results and shear data indicate that symmetric diblock copolymers with styrene content higher than 27 mol% in the SBR block are well microphase separated. Strongly segregated states are also observed for asymmetric diblock copolymers with volume fractions 0.28 ≤ ΦSBR ≤ 0.60 showing cylindrical and lamellar morphologies. The origin of changes in the αPB and αSBR dynamics depending on morphology and segregation strengths is considered. Implications for the use of rubbery PB-SBR block copolymers in composites for tire treads are discussed.
Poisonwood Persuasion:
Authors: Chandler Katherine R.
Published: February 2016

This article investigates one way in which humor plays effectively in environmental literature and ecocriticism. Does humor support environmental motivations or derail such agendas? Rhetorical theory suggests the former. By using the specific example of Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible, we can determine whether or not Kingsolver integrates humor with her environmental agenda. The Poisonwood Bible exposes what Kingsolver views as failings in American policies and practices, and humor in four of the five narrators' tellings wins over audiences that stated political agendas might otherwise repel. The four rhetorical functions of humor that rhetorician John C. Meyer proposes demonstrate how the environmentalist can use humor to simultaneously be polemical and build coalitions. Extended more broadly to aims of ecocriticism, Meyer's theory supports the environmentalist agenda of classic ecocriticism and illuminates how humor can work within that framework. However, Meyer's four rhetorical functions of humor are relevant to only one aspect of the poststructuralist “irreverent ecocriticism” that Nicole Seymour posits, which would have critics recognize absurdities in the critical enterprise. While Meyer's theory would not fully support the enterprise of “irreverent ecocriticism,” it does illuminate how Seymour's notion of “affect” can incorporate contradictory impulses yet be effective.
He, Watching over Morningquest:
Authors: Dunst Maura
Published: February 2016

In the 1890s, the image of the New Woman swept through Victorian England. The New Woman shone a spotlight on the issue of women's rights, providing an impetus for critical discourse, whether for or against, and creating a literary tradition all her own. At the center of this literary tradition is Sarah Grand's The Heavenly Twins (1893), and at the center of The Heavenly Twins is the as-yet-overlooked cathedral chime. Throughout Grand's novel, the chime appears so frequently it almost becomes a character unto itself. Taken from the famous Mendelssohn oratorio Elijah, the chime, whose lyrics read, “He, watching over Israel, slumbers not, nor sleeps,” maintains a steady rhythm in the novel, punctuating the narrative with its both comforting and threatening voice. By examining the cultural environment in which Grand wrote, the contemporary response to Elijah by which she may have been influenced, and the context in which the chime appears in The Heavenly Twins, I argue that the chime functions as a litmus test of the characters' acceptance of patriarchal values and as a marker of an impending prophetic moment, thus making music play a pivotal role in Grand's New Woman novel.
Incorporation into the Neo-Assyrian Empire from the Perspective of the Faunal Remains from Zincirli Höyük, Turkey
Authors: Marom Nimrod , Herrmann Virginia R.
Published: February 2016

The incorporation of urban communities into larger territorial polities can be studied by various material remains. Here, animal bones from the north lower city of Zincirli Höyük (ancient Samal), Turkey, are used to follow the settlement's shift from a semi-autonomous polity to a Neo-Assyrian province. The results indicate that the process of incorporation is marked by an increasingly specialized animal economy, with non-faunal evidence suggesting that specialization was complemented by an increase in wealth, even among non-elites. Thus, the economy of Samal was gradually incorporated into the larger economic networks of the empire, encouraged by provincial governance that allowed the generated wealth to percolate beyond the immediate governing elites.
Small but Varied
Authors: Berthon Rémi
Published: February 2016

In Anatolia (and the Near East in general) archaeological excavations occur more often in large urban centers than rural settlements. Consequently, our understanding of past subsistence practices is mainly based on assemblages from urban contexts. Solely urban subsistence strategies cannot be used for determining regional trends. The study of 17 faunal assemblages from urban and rural settlements located in the Upper Tigris River area illustrates the intra-regional variability of subsistence practices and its evolution from the beginning of the second to the middle of the first millennia BCE, demonstrating that consumers had preferential access to sheep and goats while producers had a diversified stock-breeding strategy that exploited relatively more cattle and pigs.
Standing Out while Fitting In: Genre, Style, and Critical Differentiation Among Panamanian Conjunto Musicians
Authors: Bellaviti Sean
Published: February 2016

This article examines the idea of style within the Panamanian conjunto tradition, focusing specifically on its critical intersection with notions of genre, nationalism, and regional identity. Among its most significant attributes, style is understood by performers to be central to achieving the all-important goals of maintaining genre identification and distinguishing oneself from one’s peers and professional competitors. Framed on the duality of “tradition” and “innovation,” this article considers the way conjunto styles are developed and modified during the course of professional activities with the intention of informing our own usages of the terms “genre” and “style” within ethnomusicological discourse.
Against a Perpetuating Fiction: Disentangling Art from Hyperreality
Authors: TORIKIAN GAREN J.
Published: February 2016

May not one succeed in systemizing confusion and so assist the total discrediting of the world of reality?

—Salvador Dali

What is wanted of such a vantage point is that it do justice to the twin aspects of art: as object and as function, as artifice and as living form of consciousness, as the overcoming or supplementing of reality and as the making explicit of forms encountering reality, as autonomous individual creation and as dependent historical phenomenon.

—Susan Sontag, "On Style," in Against Interpretation
Scrutinizing Studio Art and Its Study: Historical Relations and Contemporary Conditions
Authors: GRIERSON ELIZABETH M.
Published: February 2016

Yet art is nevertheless an inquiry, precise and rigorous.

—Maurice Blanchot
Productive Excess: Aesthetic Ideas, Silence, and Community
Authors: Bradfield Erin
Published: February 2016

Due to the complexity of aesthetic ideas and the lack of a determinate concept that is adequate to the experience, we search for the words to describe our encounters with art. Sometimes, that search is in vain, and we have difficulty expressing ourselves. In such cases, we are so taken aback by the sheer amount of cognitive activity spurred by our aesthetic experience that we are silenced by art. Instead of viewing what happens in judgments of taste as "discursively mute," as does Joseph Cannon in his essay, "The Intentionality of Judgments of Taste in Kant’s Critique of Judgment," I will show how the excess of aesthetic experience has the potential to foster sociability, communication, and ultimately, community. Due to our social natures, we are driven to express our judgments of taste to others. We even demand their agreement in spite of the inexpoundability of aesthetic ideas. In this essay, I will deal with the (sometimes overlooked) social dimension of Kantian judgments of taste and how the excess of aesthetic experience spurs us to communicate with one another. Utilizing Kant, I will show that Cannon’s focus on what we can express about judgments of taste vis-à-vis general cognition causes him to neglect the intersubjective and cultural dimensions of taste present in the Critique of Judgment.
Clinical Ethics as Applied Aesthetics
Authors: Cattorini Paolo M.
Published: February 2016

Medical humanities and ethics are getting more and more important in Europe as essential disciplines of the core curriculum for health-care professionals. The idea of the physician as a technician shows itself to be unbearable because of the global historical changes we daily face in caring settings. We deal with chronic diseases, which require a sensitive physician/patient covenant and a good performance in communication skills1 because a whole life-style transformation is often necessary. Moreover, citizens are more informed about both the technological progress and their civil rights, so that a shared decision has to be prepared and implemented by exploring the emotional reactions to illness, by explaining the effects of different ways of treatment, and by revealing in advance the choices that could be taken.
Personality and the Varieties of Fictional Experience
Authors: Michelson David
Published: February 2016

In 1929, I. A. Richards observed in Practical Criticism that "every response is ’subjective’ in the sense that it is a psychological event determined by the needs and resources of a mind," and he concluded, "we have a real problem about the relative values of different states of mind, about varying forms, and degrees, of order in the personality." Indeed, more than eighty years later, we still do. One main reason we still do is that, despite considerable efforts by reader-response, psychoanalytic, and postmodern theorists to understand identity, literary scholars have so far found no good way of conceptualizing reader variation–a way that offers real explanatory insight. They accept that readers differ–how could they not?–but no one has yet examined this variation in light of what is known in the modern psychological sciences about personality, reading preferences, and the function that reading fiction fulfills for different people.
The Aesthetics of Biography—And What It Teaches
Authors: Benton Michael
Published: February 2016

The conventional description of biography as a form of nonfiction narrative begs questions about the stories biographies tell, the facts that constitute their raw material, and the language in which they are cast. These questions are seen as central for students of the arts and humanities and are addressed as three interrelated issues as exemplified in literary biography. First, it is argued that biographies have a cellular structure that derives from the imposition of a master narrative over the subject’s life, one that creates continuity and coherence from the heterogeneous accumulation of mininarratives found in the biographer’s sources. The factual status of these sources is shown to be complex due to the ambiguous nature of the subject’s literary works considered as data; to be unstable due to unavoidable features such as archival gaps, and the selectivity, speculation, and error that are inherent in the biographical process; and to be malleable because of the particular agenda that motivates every biography. Finally, the “literariness” of biographical language is shown to be fundamental in the rhetorical evocation of the subject. Art and artifice combine in a genre that provokes questions about the relationship between the life stories biographers construct and the narratives by which we make sense of life.
An Eighteenth-Century Call to Be Heeded: On Germaine de Staël, Aesthetic Education, and National Progress
Authors: de Bruin Karen
Published: February 2016

The diminution of emphasis on the arts and the humanities and the corresponding increased emphasis on business and STEM disciplines has resulted in a normative conception of national progress that excludes aesthetic education. Scholars in the arts and the humanities have responded to this marginalization either by calling for more esotericism or by underscoring the importance of aesthetic education to the future of democracy and humanity. These arguments have failed to capture the public’s attention. In this essay, I argue that there is a third way: aesthetic educators should challenge the normative understanding of national progress. To this end, I return to the dawn of the split between scientific inquiry and humanist understanding to highlight French Enlightenment debates around the understanding of progress. Specifically, I call attention to the writings of the French philosopher Germaine de Staël because in the adaptation of her notion of progress lies possible hope for the future of the humanities and the arts.
Interação e interatividade em blogs de ensino de língua portuguesa sob a perspectiva dos multiletramentos
Authors: Dornelles Clara , Camargo Borges Acosta Joana D'Arc
Published: February 2016

Com a entrada das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) no espaço escolar, surge a possibilidade de se utilizar várias ferramentas no ambiente virtual para desenvolver os multiletramentos. Neste trabalho, procuramos investigar, sob uma perspectiva qualitativa e interpretativista, como os professores estão utilizando os blogs para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e como ocorre a participação dos alunos nesse contexto digital. Através da análise de blogs recentemente produzidos por professores de ensino fundamental e médio, buscamos refletir e discutir sobre a articulação entre o letramento escolar e osmultiletramentos(SIGNORINI, 2012),pelo viés dainteração, participação (Goffman, 1998; OLIVEIRA; LUCENA FILHO, 2006) e interatividade (Santaella, 2008). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que muitas das práticas de letramento escolar migram para os blogs de ensino de língua portuguesa, e que a participação dos alunos somente ocorre quando o professor conduz a construção de um espaço propício aos multiletramentos, em que todos exercem papéis importantes.

 
Gramática e identidade (greco-)romana: o caso do “prefácio” de prisciano às institutiones grammaticae (séc. VI d.C)
Authors: Fortes Fábio Da Silva
Published: February 2016

A epístola de Prisciano a Juliano, que prefacia as edições modernas das Institutiones grammaticae (séc. VI d.C.), oferece interessantes aspectos do projeto discursivo desenvolvido pelo gramático latino em seu tratado gramatical. Entre eles, destaca-se o fato de o gramático evocar os autores gregos – e não os latinos – como os modelos que se pretende seguir. Embora a obra de Prisciano seja uma gramática cuja língua a ser descrita fosse o latim – e não o grego – entre os autores de tratados gramaticais citados, estão, por exemplo, os autores gregos Apolônio Díscolo (séc. II d.C.) e Herodiano (séc. III d.C.), enquanto não havia menção específica a qualquer autor latino – nem mesmo aos consagrados Varrão (séc. I a.C.) e Donato (séc. IV d.C.). Neste artigo, apresentamos uma avaliação dessa epístola, considerando, por um lado, sua relação com as Institutiones grammaticae em seu contexto de produção e destacando, por outro, o papel da memória discursiva e da imitatio como importantes elementos na elaboração de um discurso de afirmação de uma identidade cultural greco-romana, que se realiza, tanto pela retomada dos aspectos técnicos da gramática grega de Apolônio Díscolo, quanto pela releitura crítica desse legado, diante da tradição latina.

 
Avaliação em EAD: fortalecendo a aprendizagem com diários de bordo
Authors: Heemann Christiane , Townsend Elisa Correa Santos
Published: February 2016

 

A avaliação integra o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e sempre possui espaço para discussão nos processos de ensino, exigindo preparo técnico e capacidade de observação por parte dos envolvidos. Na visão de Perrenoud (2004), a avaliação da aprendizagem é um processo mediador na construção do currículo e se encontra relacionada intimamente à gestão da aprendizagem por parte dos alunos. Os métodos de avaliação ocupam um espaço bastante importante no conjunto de práticas pedagógicas, pois avaliar não pode ser um ato que expresse somente um conceito formal e quantitativo. Na Educação a Distância (EAD), a avaliação formativa também precisa ser priorizada e assim evitar a avaliação tradicional realizada por meio de testes de múltipla escolha e com autocorreção. A utilização de diários de bordo na EAD mantém como foco de avaliação o processo e não somente o produto, configurando-se como uma orientação permanente de aprendizagem, tanto para o professor como para o aluno, que assumem, solidariamente, compromissos recíprocos. Este artigo relata uma experiência realizada com diários de bordo em um curso de graduação a distância pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil como forma de avaliação formativa em EAD.

 
Ideologia e ensino de língua inglesa: relações e implicações
Authors: Martins Tainá Almeida Alves , Lima Diógenes Cândido de
Published: February 2016

Sob a premissa de que todo discurso possui essência política, sendo ideológico por natureza, discutimos neste artigo conceitos de ideologia e sua relação com o ensino de língua inglesa (LI). Sendo a linguagem mediadora de ideologias, não há como enxergar o ensino de línguas como um exercício neutro, mas como prática igualmente politizada. O conceito de ideologia e sua relação com a língua(gem) e o discurso são inicialmente elucidados. Para isso, nos valemos das contribuições teóricas de Bakhtin, Foucault e Fairclough. Num segundo momento, nos dedicamos a traçar um resumido percurso histórico da expansão da LI até alcançar seu atual status de língua franca e utilizamos como suporte teórico os estudos de Crystal e McKay, entre outros. Somando voz às pesquisas de Rajagopalan, Siqueira e Kumaravadivelu, lançamos o olhar sobre a intrínseca relação da ideologia e o ensino de LI para, por fim, identificarmos as possíveis implicações pedagógicas decorridas dessa relação.
Análise crítica do gênero reportagem didática na revista nova escola
Authors: Pinton Francieli Matzenbacher
Published: February 2016

Partindo da concepção de gênero como ação social, tipificada e recorrente (MILLER, 1984; BAZERMAN, 2009), este artigo tem por objetivo analisar criticamente o gênero reportagem didática veiculado na revista Nova Escola entre os anos 2006 e 2010. O corpus é constituído de 15 reportagens destinadas à popularização de conhecimentos sobre o ensino de produção textual na educação básica. As reportagens foram analisadas à luz da Análise de Gênero na perspectiva da Sociorretórica (SWALES,1990, 1998; BAZERMAN, 2006, 2009) e do Metadiscurso (HYLAND, 2005). Os resultados apontam para quatro movimentos retóricos que visam à didatização de um determinado conteúdo e sua posterior aplicação em sala de aula. As estratégias metadiscursivas utilizadas são: 1) atenuadores; 2) enfatizadores; 3) atitudinais; 4) auto-menção e 5) marcadores de atenção. Portanto, os operadores utilizados reforçam o propósito da revista e do gênero discursivo que é a orientação diretiva dos conteúdos e das metodologias divulgados para seus leitores.
Letramento literário e prática de leitura
Authors: Tiba Rádis Baptista Lívia Márcia
Published: February 2016

Resenha de livro:

 

COSSON, Rildo. Círculos de leitura e letramento literário. Contexto, São Paulo, 2014. 
Anticipation Guides: Reading for Mathematics Understanding
Authors: Adams Anne E. , Pegg Jerine , Case Melissa
Published: February 2016

Help students develop skills to support comprehension of concepts and terminology.
Covering the Bases: Exploring Alternative Systems
Authors: Kurz Terri L. , Garcia Jorge
Published: February 2016

Students explore the base 5 number system and extend concepts to other bases.
Le paysage relationnel du deuil
Authors: Berthod Marc-Antoine
Published: February 2016

Le deuil est trop souvent considéré comme la seule réponse d’un individu au décès d’une personne proche. Il est appréhendé comme un processus plus ou moins long qui se laisse décrire par une série d’étapes, de phases ou de passages susceptibles de rendre la transition du deuil effective. Cet article invite à sortir de cette lecture égocentrée du deuil. Il s’intéresse, d’une part, à la façon dont le deuil est vécu au travail lorsqu’une personne reprend son activité professionnelle après le décès d’un proche et à la façon dont les travailleurs sociaux peuvent ou non se considérer en deuil face à la mort d’individus qu’ils accompagnent d’autre part. Cet article montre que le deuil est avant tout façonné par une succession de moments et de circonstances d’intensité émotionnelle et affective, variable selon les contextes sociaux et les interactions entre individus plus ou moins concernés par le décès de quelqu’un.