bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot study: Adroitly utilize online classes during COVID crisis
Authors: M S Chaitra , N D Chaitra , G Pushpa
Published: January 2021

To contain COVID-19, most education institutions around the globe have been temporarily closed, impacting millions of students.

Many medical universities have opted for online classes. Online teaching in medical universities is a novelty, and it poses different sets of challenges compared to regular classes. Since online teaching might persist for a longer time, this study was conducted to help students gain maximum out of these online classes.

150 First year medical students were selected for the study. Students were divided into two random groups (A &B) of 75 each. Group A were informed about the topic of the class and were encouraged to study prior to the class. Group B students attended the class without any preparation, but were instructed to study the topic immediately after completion of online lecture. Both the groups were compared for their involvement during the lecture class and their understanding of the topic were statistically analyzed.

Group A scored better than group B with significant P value (<0.05). This shows, Group A had a better understanding of the topic compared to Group B. This Study also shows method followed by Group A was significantly better compared to Group B.

Group A, being aware of upcoming lecture class topic and had prepared, were more attentive in class, as well as interactive and performed better in the assessment. This study suggests to reduce the duration of online class, share the material of the class prior and encourage students to prepare on the topic for better results of online classes.
Assessment of serum procalcitonin, adenosine deaminase, lactate dehyrogenase, calcium, phosphorus in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Mahmood Shaik
Published: January 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which is caused by bacteria. The disease is mostly transmitted from person to person, usually by inhaling bacteria – carrying air droplets. Tuberculosis commonly affects the lungs, but it can also affect any other organ of the body such as brain, intestine, kidneys or the spine. Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient disease of mankind for more than four thousand years. It is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads from person to person through air. The new modalities are very much helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, Unfortunately people are still suffering with this disease. Worldwide it is among the top ten killer infectious disease secondly to HIV and COVID 19. According to World Health Organisation(WHO) tuberculosis is a global pandemic. The present study shows a very strong significant for the assess of serum procalcitonin, adenosine deaminse, lactate dehydrogenase, calcium, phosphorus and thyroid stimulation hormone in tuberculosis patients.
Tendencia del consumo de agua potable y eficiencia en la inversión en infraestructura de agua y saneamiento: Estudio de caso en América Latina
Authors: Paez Rubio Tania , Alberti Juan , Rezzano Tizze Nicolas
Published: January 2021

El siguiente trabajo sugiere que es necesario considerar una posible tendencia a la baja en el consumo de agua per cápita en países de América Latina y el Caribe, en el diseño e implementación de proyectos de infraestructura de agua y saneamiento. Esto permitiría incrementar la eficiencia al reducir los costos de inversión de los proyectos. Para defender este argumento, se resume, en primer lugar, la literatura existente al respecto y se presenta un proxy de la evolución del consumo de agua per cápita en una ciudad de la región, en donde se ilustra el descenso del consumo mencionado en los últimos 20 años. En segundo lugar, se demuestra que en dicha ciudad el diseño de la infraestructura no contempló esta tendencia, y se realizó una inversión ineficiente. Con base en la memoria de cálculo de un proyecto de infraestructura de agua potable, se demuestra lo anterior al analizar cuál hubiera sido el diseño en el caso de considerar la tendencia del descenso del consumo doméstico, y al estimar la potencial reducción en los costos de inversión, operación y mantenimiento de la infraestructura resultante. El hecho de que este trabajo muestre esta ineficiencia para un caso en América Latina no permite hacer una generalización del fenómeno para la región. Sin embargo, sí prende una luz amarilla de preocupación, en un contexto de recursos limitados para invertir en distintos objetivos de política, todos ellos potencialmente relevantes.
Proyectos transformacionales: Región Andina: Ecuador
Authors: Armijos Jean Pol , Arteaga Gabriela , Basani Marcello , Bocco María Julia , Consolo Marcelo , Echeverria Carlos , Machado Fabiana , Machado Kleber , Montanez Leopoldo , Muñoz Raul , Nalesso Mauro , Orellana Edgar , Rihm Alfredo , Taddia Alejandro , Velasquez Manuela
Published: January 2021

Los proyectos transformacionales se caracterizan por cambiar la dinámica del funcionamiento del sector en el que se llevan a cabo. También permiten integrar regiones de un país, así como el país a la región y al mundo. Eliminan cuellos de botella que impiden aumentar la eficiencia en la provisión de servicios, mejoran significativamente la productividad del país y generan un mejor nivel de vida y mayor equidad en la sociedad. Los efectos e impactos de los proyectos transformacionales van mucho más allá del sector en el que se hacen. Se inician en algún sector de infraestructura económica, como agua y saneamiento, energía y transporte, y tienen efectos de “derrame” en aspectos clave para el desarrollo como salud, educación, bienestar, preservación del medio ambiente, entre otros. En este brochure, presentamos una relación de proyectos con potencial transformacional para Ecuador.
Proyectos transformacionales: Región Andina: Colombia
Authors: Arteaga Gabriela , Bocco María Julia , Camós Gibet , Consolo Marcelo , Cruz Paula , Machado Fabiana , Machado Kleber , Montanez Leopoldo , Muñoz Raul , Nalesso Mauro , Navarrete Manuel José , Orellana Edgar , Planas Alexandra , Taddia Alejandro , Velasquez Manuela
Published: January 2021

Los proyectos transformacionales se caracterizan por cambiar la dinámica del funcionamiento del sector en el que se llevan a cabo. También permiten integrar regiones de un país, así como el país a la región y al mundo. Eliminan cuellos de botella que impiden aumentar la eficiencia en la provisión de servicios, mejoran significativamente la productividad del país y generan un mejor nivel de vida y mayor equidad en la sociedad. Los efectos e impactos de los proyectos transformacionales van mucho más allá del sector en el que se hacen. Se inician en algún sector de infraestructura económica, como agua y saneamiento, energía y transporte, y tienen efectos de “derrame” en aspectos clave para el desarrollo como salud, educación, bienestar, preservación del medio ambiente, entre otros. En este brochure, presentamos una relación de proyectos con potencial transformacional para Colombia.
Sonlu Eleman Modellerinin Maksimum Olasılık Tahmini ile Güncellenmesi
Authors: HIZAL Çağlayan
Published: January 2021

Matematiksel yapı modellerinin titreşim verileri kullanılarak güncellenmesi konusu, son yıllarda giderek artan bir şekilde araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu hususta literatüre sunulan yöntemler genel olarak deterministik ve olasılıksal olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda hem deterministik hem de olasılıksal model güncelleme yöntemlerinin birçok varyasyonu yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise maksimum olasılık tahminine dayalı alternatif bir yaklaşım sunulmaktadır. Önerilen yöntemde, modal tanılama sırasında öngörülen ölçüm hatalarının yanı sıra model hatası da boyutsuz bir Rayleigh oranı üzerinden dikkate alınmaktadır. Sisteme ait model parametreler, ölçüm ve modelleme hatalarının normal dağılım göstereceği kabulüyle oluşturulan bir olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonu üzerinden hesaplanmaktadır. Sunulan yöntemin güvenirliği bir sayısal ve bir deneysel uygulama üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre önerilen yöntemin oldukça makul sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmektedir.
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes: multi scale governance for Implementing enhanced socio-biodiversity chains
Authors: Carvalho Ribeiro Sónia Maria , Jardim Helder Lages , Ruchkys de Azevedo Úrsula , Coelho Vagner Braga Nunes , Bachi Laura Salles , Soares-Filho Britaldo Silveira
Published: January 2021

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP), contribute to the livelihoods of over 6 million people in Amazon and over 4 million people in the Cerrado biomes. Here we explored data on the socio-ecology of extractivist landscapes at the biome scale in Amazonia and Cerrado in Brazil. We found that there are market chains for 45 and 58 NTFPs in Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado, respectively. Although there is a vast repertoire of empirical data for characterizing sociobiodiversity in Brazil this body of literature is mostly case-study driven, focusing on a very limited number of products and using different methodological approaches. Therefore, although there is a robust research legacy meaningful comparisons are very challenging. So far we have a fragmented view of vegetal extractivist dynamics at the biome scale. Our work contributes to upscale from the socioecology of individual NTFP to the biome scale encompassing a variety of products and its associated livelihoods.
Short-term effect of adding nitrogen in forest soil of an urban rainforest
Authors: Moraes Nascimento Bruno , Vieira Cesário Fernando , De Aragão Rodrigues Renato , De Carvalho Balieiro Fabiano , Silva Wanderley Henderson
Published: January 2021

The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen has been increased in urban forest ecosystems, yet it is not clear how this increase affects soil respiration in the short term. The soil respiration could contribute to CO2 flux to the atmosphere; therefore, it is essential to understand how nitrogen addition affects soil respiration and its autotrophic and heterotrophic compartments. We established a randomized block experiment to investigate the effects of adding 2.5 kg ha-1 (which corresponds to ~ 40% of the total annual deposition) in soil respiration during five days in an urban tropical forest. The CO2 flux of the autotrophic and heterotrophic compartments was individualized and measured using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Two measurements per day (9-11 and 21-23 hours) were assessed for five consecutive days. Days and nights show no difference in CO2 flux among all compartments. The heterotrophic respiration was strong negatively affected by nitrogen addition, about 34%. Autotrophic respiration was positively impacted by nitrogen addition, but no significant differences were found. Heterotrophic respiration is the primary source of CO2 from the forest soil.
The Nexus+ approach applied to studies of Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Brazil
Authors: Viggiani Coutinho Sonia Maria , Santos Diogo Victor , Bursztyn Marcel , Marengo José Antônio , Rodrigues-Filho Saulo , Lucena André F. P. , Rodriguez Daniel Andrés , Maia Stoécio Malta Ferreira
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to present the methodology developed within the Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation (IVA) to climate change component of the Fourth National Communication (4CN) of Brazil. The methodological choice of this 4CN involves the application of the nexus+ integrated approach, based on studies of impacts and vulnerabilities for water, energy, food and socio-environmental securities, in the different in the territories of Brazilian biomes, coastal areas and cities. For each of these securities it were identified the observed impacts; analysis of risk conditions; definition and assessments of integrated analysis of key impacts at territorial level; inventory, selection and analysis of adaption options in the context of Nexus+, identifying synergies and trade-offs. This process made possible an integrated assessment among the conditioning risk factors, impacts and interactions among proposed adaptation options.
Impacts of extreme climate events on Brazilian agricultural production
Authors: Carvalho André Luiz de , Santos Diogo Victor , Marengo José Antônio , Coutinho Sonia Maria Viggiani , Maia Stoécio Malta Ferreira
Published: January 2021

Brazilian agricultural production stands out in world food security, accounting for a large part of the food produced worldwide. However, occurrence of extreme climate events is a challenge for the sector across the country. Thus, this study aims to assess extreme climate events impacts on Brazilian agricultural production. The loss index was calculated using crop data made available by the IBGE from 2005 to 2017, while data on the occurrence of extreme climate events (2002-2017) was obtained from literature. Data related to PROAGRO (2010-2018) and the Crop Assurance Program (2002-2016) were obtained from reports made available by the relevant agencies. Results showed high drought-induced production losses, mainly maize and beans produced in the Caatinga biome, and soybean and wheat in the Southeastern and Southern regions of the country. Hail and frost events also caused reductions in soybean and rice production in the Southeastern and Southern regions. Those impacts on the Brazilian agricultural production, in different regions, might have serious consequences on the availability and access of food to the population in the country.
Adaptation opportunities for water security in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Vânia Rosa , Rodriguez Daniel Andrés , Coutinho Sonia Maria Viggiani , Santos Diogo Victor , Marengo José Antônio
Published: January 2021

We sought to identify priorities and adaptation opportunities for water security across the various Brazilian biomes. With ever-growing demand and water-usage, future climate scenarios suggest that further water resources management constraints are to be endured throughout the next two decades. The unbalance between high-quality water demand and availability in a multisectoral usage context (e.g., domestic, industry, agribusiness) highlights the socio-ecological Nexus+ concept's relevance. In this context, the political and cross-institutional articulation and flexibility play a significant role in steering adaptative actions. These challenges in defining action plans, adequately addressed at a multiscale level with inherent climatic uncertainties, are yet to be overcome in Brazilian water resources management.
Vector-borne diseases in Brazil: climate change and future warming scenarios
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Moreira de , Perez Leticia Palazzi , Oliveira Beatriz Fatima Alves de , Jacobson Ludmilla da Silva Viana , Horta Marco Aurélio , Sobral Andrea , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: January 2021

Climate change affects human health either directly or indirectly, and related impacts are complex, non-linear, and depend on several variables. The various climate change impacts on health include a change in the spatial distribution of vector-borne diseases. In this regard, this study presents and discusses changes in the spatial distribution of climate suitability for visceral leishmaniasis, yellow fever and malaria in Brazil, in different global warming scenarios. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) was used to construct climate suitability models in warming scenarios. Models were based in climate variables generated by the Eta-HadGEM2 ES regional model, in the baseline period 1965-2005 and RCP8.5 scenario, representing global warming levels of 1,5ºC (2011-2040), 2,0ºC (2041-2070) and 4,0ºC (2071-2099). The three diseases studied are largely influenced by climate and showed different distribution patterns within the country. In global warming scenarios, visceral leishmaniasis found more favorable climate conditions in the Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil, while climate in the Northern and Center-West regions gradually became more favorable to yellow fever. In malaria scenarios, an increase in favorable climate conditions to its high incidence was observed in the Atlantic Forest, where currently extra-Amazonian cases occur. The scenarios presented herein represent different possible consequences for the health sector in terms of adopting (or not) different measures to mitigate climate change in Brazil, such as reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
The role of science in the Age of Denial and in times of pandemic: sustainability at the heart of the debate
Authors: Bursztyn Marcel , Litre Gabriela , Curi Melissa , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: January 2021

The role of science in the Age of Denial and in times of pandemic: sustainability at the heart of the debate
Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Brazil: an integrated approach
Authors: Marengo José Antônio , Rodrigues-Filho Saulo , Santos Diogo Victor
Published: January 2021

Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Brazil: an integrated approach
EDITORIAL
Authors: Ruiz Mariana Torreglosa
Published: January 2021

Editorial
When "Macbeth" Meets Chinese Opera: A Crossroad of Humanity
Authors: Xingxing Li
Published: January 2021

As one of the four Shakespeare’s great tragedies, Macbeth, with its thrilling story line and profound exploration of human nature, has been adapted for plays and movies worldwide. Though Macbeth was introduced to China just before the May 4th Movement in 1919, its characters and plot have attracted the world in the past 100 years. Macbeth was firstly adapted into a folk play Theft of a Nation during the modern play period, to mock Yuan Shikai’s restoration of the monarchy, who was considered as a usurper of Qing dynasty, followed by Li Jianwu’s adaptation Wang Deming, Kun opera Bloody Hands, Taiwanese version of Beijing opera Lust and the City, Hong Kong version of Cantonese opera The Traitor, Macao version of small theater play If I were the King, Anhui opera Psycho, Shaoxing opera General Ma Long, Wu opera Bloody Sword, a monodrama of Sichuan opera Lady Macbeth, and an experimental Kun opera Lady. Therefore, this essay aims to comb the relations among various adaptations of Macbeth, to discover the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies by examining the spiritual transformations of the main character Macbeth and reinvention of Lady Macbeth, and ultimately to observe acceptance of Chinese public, which might give thoughts to communications of overseas literature in China.
Book Reviews
Authors: Matsuda Yoshiko , Zhou Lan , Okamoto Yasumasa
Published: January 2021

Emi Hamana, Shakespeare Performances in Japan: Intercultural-Multi-cultural-Translingual. Yokohama: Shumpusha, 2019. Pp. 188.

Li Jun, Popular Shakespeare in China: 1993-2008. Beijing: University of International Business and Economics Press, 2016. Pp. 199.

Soji Iwasaki’s Japanese Translation of Shakespeare, The Sonnets and A Lover’s Complaint. Revised edition. Tokyo: Kokubunsha, 2019. Pp. 242.
Wem gehört die Germanistik? Ausprägungstypen, Inhalte und Perspektiven
Authors: Földes Csaba
Published: January 2021

Die Germanistik als wissenschaftliches Fach sieht gegenwärtig im Hinblick auf Profil, Inhalte und Methoden natürlich nicht mehr so aus, wie sie im disziplinenbildenden 19. Jhd. konzipiert und etabliert wurde. Sie hat eine wechselvolle Fachgeschichte durchlaufen und steht derzeit vor großen Herausforderungen. In diesem Kontext hat der Beitrag vor, eine neue oder zumindest differenziertere Standortbestimmung der Germanistik und ihrer Erscheinungsformen zu erarbeiten. So stellt er einige Überlegungen zu aktuellen Grundsatzfragen bezüglich der Fachtypologie, der Konzeptualisierung, der Verortung und der Perspektiven der Germanistik (in ihren mannigfaltigen Ausprägungen) an und diskutiert diese in ihrem mehrsprachigen und multikulturellen Referenzrahmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Elemente der Konturen und Leistungen einer speziell ostmitteleuropäischen Germanistik herausgearbeitet.
Germanistik in Belgien / Brüssel
Authors: Lochtman Katja , Obst Barbara
Published: January 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, die Lage der Auslandsgermanistik in Belgien / Brüssel genauer zu schildern. Dabei fällt sofort eine zunehmende Heterogenität der Lernergruppen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) ins Auge. Eine Diskussion über die Mindestanforderungen einer solchen Ausbildung drängt sich auf.
Die heilige Cäcilie oder die Gewalt der Verdrängung. Zu Hartmut Langes Novelle "Das Konzert" und einigen Aspekten ihrer ,deutschen‘ Rezeption
Authors: Quinkenstein Lothar
Published: January 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht Hartmut Langes Novelle Das Konzert im Hinblick auf die literarische Auseinandersetzung mit der Shoah. Die Analyse stützt sich auf die Annahme, dass die romantischen Prämissen, die diesem Text zugrunde liegen, fragwürdige Resultate liefern. Wesentliche Anregung für seine Kritik bezieht der Aufsatz von Jean Améry.
Was ist ,typisch‘ in einer Kultur? Kriterien der Kulturspezifik am Beispiel von polnischen Sprichwörtern
Authors: Lewandowska Anna
Published: January 2021

Am Beispiel scheinbar ‚typischer‘ polnischer Sprichwörter wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag gezeigt, dass das ‚Typische‘ einer Kultur als Ergebnis einer diskursiven, mitunter strittigen oder auch spöttischen Auseinandersetzung darüber aufzufassen ist. Die Zuschreibung von Identität resultiert danach aus der permanenten Auseinandersetzung einer Kultur darüber, was aus einer eigenen oder fremden Perspektive als kulturell unverwechselbar angesehen wird.
Rezensionen
Authors: Patri Kai Hendrik , Jokiel Małgorzata , Ociepa Gabriela , Naganowska Maria , Kłańska Maria , Schatte Czesława , Pilarski Anna , Kur Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

DETERING, HEINRICH / HOFFMANN, TORSTEN / PASEWALCK, SILKE / PORMEISTER, EVE (eds.) (2011): Nationalepen zwischen Fakten und Fiktionen. Beiträge zum komparatistischen Symposium 6. bis 8. Mai 2010 Tartu. Tartu: Tartu University Press (=Humaniora: Germanistica 5). 321 S.
KRYSZTOFIAK, MARIA (2011): Translatologiczna teoria i praktyka przekładu artystycznego. [Die translatologische Theorie und Praxis der künstlerischen Übersetzung]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. 244 S.
RÖSCH, GERTRUD MARIA (ed.) (2011): Fakten und Fiktionen. Werklexikon der deutschsprachigen Schlüsselliteratur 1900-2010. 1. ‒ Andres bis Loest. Stuttgart: Hiersemann (=Hiersemanns bibliographische Handbücher 21,1). 405 S.
RYBSKA, AGNIESZKA MAGDALENA (2011): Deutsche Kriminalgeschichten von 1780 bis 1820 als Anfänge der Kriminalliteratur. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u. a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Studien zur Germanistik, Skandinavistik und Übersetzungskultur 1). 116 S.
SZCZEPANIAK, MONIKA (2011): Militärische Männlichkeiten in Deutschland und Österreich im Umfeld des Großen Krieges. Konstruktionen und Dekonstruktionen. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. 274 S.
HYVÄRINEN, IRMA / LIIMATAINEN, ANNIKKI (eds.) (2011): Beiträge zur pragmatischen Phraseologie. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u. a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Finnische Beiträge zur Germanistik 25). 225 S.
SOPATA, ALDONA (2009): Erwerbstheoretische und glottodidaktische Aspekte des frühen Zweitspracherwerbs. Sprachentwicklung der Kinder im natürlichen und schulischen Kontext. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. 462 S.
ZIELIŃSKI, LECH / LUDWIG, KLAUS-DIETER / LIPCZUK, RYSZARD (eds.) (2011): Deutsche und polnische Lexikographie nach 1945 im Spannungsfeld der Kulturgeschichte. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u. a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik 35). 306 S.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ БЕДНОСТИ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ В РОССИИ
Authors: Фролова Елена Александровна , Маланина Вероника Анатольевна , Касати Фабио , Шавлохова Анна Александровна
Published: January 2021

В мировой экономической науке и политике борьба с бедностью и неравенством продолжает быть актуальной, несмотря на десятилетия усилий по их преодолению. В отношении людей трудоспособного возраста и ниже трудоспособного усилия традиционно сосредоточены на обеспечении доступа к образованию и рабочим местам. Использование аналогичных инструментов в борьбе с бедностью среди пожилых людей может быть менее эффективным в силу меньшей предельной полезности образования и снижающихся возможностей доступа к высокооплачиваемым рабочим местам. Предполагается, что благосостояние старшего поколения гарантировано либо государством, либо самими пожилыми людьми, получающими отдачу от сделанных в течение жизненного пути инвестиций. Цель исследования – поиск институциональных и личностных факторов, действующих и формирующихся в течение всего жизненного курса и определяющих благосостояние пожилых людей. Тестировались такие факторы, как образование, стаж работы, количество членов домохозяйства, семейное положение, пол, территория проживания (город/деревня) и регион проживания. Методы: методы описательных статистик и корреляционный анализ на выборках Комплексного наблюдения условий жизни населения (КОУЖ-2018) для людей пенсионного возраста в России. Дополнительно для проверки результатов использованы данные Выборочного наблюдения доходов населения и участия в социальных программах (ВНДН-2017) и Европейского социального исследования (ESS-2018). Результаты: проведенные оценки корреляций между индикаторами социально-экономического статуса показали, что только количество членов домохозяйства в выборках ВНДН и ESS значимо и сильно положительно коррелирует с доходами в пожилом возрасте. Отсутствие работы негативно коррелирует с доходами горожан и доходами женщин. Оценки абсолютной и относительной бедности для федеральных округов различаются от 1 до 240 %. Субъективная бедность домохозяйств в России превышает 50 %.
Interprofessional Simulation: From the Classroom to Clinical Practice
Authors: Poore Julie A. , Cooper Dylan D.
Published: January 2021

Interprofessional simulation (IPS), frequently referred to in the literature as simulation-enhanced interprofessional education (IPE), has been widely studied in nursing and medical education. For decades, the literature has suggested IPE as a valuable strategy for enhancing communication and collaboration among health professionals. Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is foundational to developing high-functioning healthcare teams and can lead to reduced medical errors and increased patient safety. This chapter addresses IPS from both the academic and practice perspectives. The foundations of IPE and IPCP are reviewed, as well as the standards of best practice in simulation. Planning, development, and implementation will be discussed, including benefits, barriers, and possible solutions. Recommendations from relevant research on debriefing and evaluation of IPS are also reviewed. Outcomes from the growing body of research on IPS will be presented and include perceptions of interprofessional practice, better understanding of professional roles and responsibilities, development of communication and teamwork skills, and shared problem-solving and decision-making. Future implications and recommendations are provided based on the state of the science on IPS. Optimum design, implementation, and evaluation of IPS, along with a thorough understanding of the benefits, barriers, and opportunities, can help faculty and clinical educators prepare a collaborative healthcare workforce and reduce medical errors to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Simulation-Based Operations
Authors: Farina Crystel L. , Bryant Kellie
Published: January 2021

Simulation pedagogy and the operations of simulation-based experiences have become an integral part of healthcare education. Academic and healthcare institutions constructed simulation centers or dedicated simulation spaces to provide simulation-based experiences for multiple health professions. Architectural designs resemble acute care settings that have the flexibility to change or include virtual reality and enhanced technology. Professional organizations have standards of best practice, credentialing requirements, and accreditation standards that support the need for high-quality, high-fidelity simulation experiences. Within healthcare education, simulation operation has become a specialty in itself that requires knowledge and experience of healthcare, education, and simulation pedagogy (INACSL Standards Committee, 2017). Simulation center administration needs an understanding of personnel management, including standardized patients (SPs), staff, faculty, and learners, as well as knowledge of budgeting, revenue streams, and technology. Personnel with unique skills and knowledge in engineering, healthcare, or information technology are required to support the simulation activities. Resources that manage inventory, supplies, equipment assets, and audiovisual requirements will increase efficiency and enhance fiscal responsibility. Technology assets such as high-fidelity human patient simulators can be used to enhance high-quality simulation, while audiovisual and data capturing software can be used for assessment, evaluation, and quality improvement. Simulation operations provides the infrastructure that supports the daily activities of simulation-based education.
Professional Development for Simulation Education
Authors: Watts Penni I. , Hallmark Beth Fentress , Beroz Sabrina
Published: January 2021

Professional development in simulation methodologies is essential for implementation of quality, consistent, simulation-based experiences. Evidence demonstrates that participation in comprehensive training positively impacts learner outcomes. There are many benefits to professional development, however, challenges exist requiring thoughtful planning, administrative buy-in, and fiscal support. While there are no established guidelines, the literature provides an ongoing consensus related to overall concepts and strategies for training in simulation. We describe a continuum of growth for simulationists, ranging from novice/advanced beginner, competent/proficient, to expert. As a novice, one must conduct a self-assessment of current strengths and create a development plan to advance simulation skills and knowledge. A simulationist should use evidenced-base guidelines, mentorship, and feedback to inform simulation practices. They should be knowledgeable of the standards of best practice, modalities, simulation design, learning theories, and professional integrity. Simulationists must seek ongoing advancement through certification, scholarship, and lifelong learning. This chapter describes the continuum of education and methodologies for the development of simulationists.
Virtual and Augmented Realities in Nursing Education: State of the Science
Authors: Aebersold Michelle , Dunbar Dawne-Marie
Published: January 2021

The use of simulation in nursing education is an integrated part of the curriculum and has demonstrated the benefit for learning in nursing students at all levels. The next stage in simulation-based learning will utilize the wide variety of new technologies that are currently available, including virtual and augmented reality. The use of these new technologies brings with it a need for standard definitions, evaluation of its impact on learning, and new opportunities for research. Efforts are underway to standardized definitions and publish early findings on research using these new technologies. There are many opportunities available for nursing educators to create a new era of simulation-based learning methodologies by incorporating virtual and augmented realities in their curriculum. The state of the science is showing promising outcomes and commercial products are maturing.

The utilization of these new technologies should be approached in the same way as other learning methodologies as many new ideas and ways of learning are emerging in this area. It will be critical for nursing educators and faculty to determine the optimal ways to utilize them.
Human Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Nicholas Catherine , Sanko Jill S.
Published: January 2021

Although, human simulation methodology has its origins in medical education, nursing education has increased its use of simulated patient (SP) methodology to improve the education of nursing students across the curricula. This chapter will review the history of human simulation, introduce the human simulation continuum, and review different applications of SP methodology in undergraduate and graduate nursing education.
Building Trust: A Cross-Cultural Narrative Process
Authors: Blanc Yordanka Berg , Tilmouth William , Perry Chris , Haines Curtis , Mentha Ricky , Dietsch Elaine
Published: January 2021

The transition to fatherhood is a complex journey scarcely researched in Australian First Nations populations. Historical and political legacy, along with cultural traditions must be taken into consideration before exploring the experiences of Australia's First Nations expectant fathers, especially when the experience is related to the millennia honored “women's business.” This article shares the challenges, opportunities, and rewards the authors experienced while researching with Australia's First Nations men who supported their partners during childbirth in a hospital setting. Ethical insights and input from all members of the research team ensured that culturally safe strategies were used to address all encountered difficulties. Building a trusting relationship with the local community was fundamental to the legitimacy, richness, and success of this research project. Lessons learned from this experience can provide an insight to non-Indigenous researchers choosing to conduct or support research with Australia's First Nations people in a respectful and meaningful manner.
Self-Leadership, Financial Self-Efficacy, and Student Loan Debt
Authors: Festa Mackenzie M. , Knotts Kevin G.
Published: January 2021

Self-leadership examines how individuals can motivate themselves through behavior focused strategies, constructive thought patterns, and natural reward strategies. This study examined the potential influence of self-leadership on financial self-efficacy, credit card debt, and student loan debt among college students. Data were collected from a survey of 197 graduate and undergraduate students at a major Midwestern university. The findings suggest students higher in self-leadership tend to have lower student loan debt. Additionally, financial self-efficacy and credit card debt mediate the relationship between self-leadership and student loan debt. The results have implications for the role self-leadership plays in credit card debt, financial self-efficacy, and student loan debt.
Indicating Care Process Quality: A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis
Authors: Brühl Albert , Sappok-Laue Henrike , Lau Steffi , Christ-Kobiela Peter , Müller Joachim , Sesterhenn-Ochtendung Britta , Stürmer-Korff Rosemarie , Stelzig Armin , Lobb Michael , Bleidt Werner
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Resident assessments are analyzed by multidimensional scaling. Methods: We analyzed observer-based real care and support time in four facilities with 209 residents during two working days; resident, organizational data and pairs of residents were assessed by registered and assistant nurses regarding the dissimilarity of resident pairs. Registered- and assistant nurses dissimilarity assessments are compared to criteria-based nursing management assessment. Results: The fits of management criteria matrices as external restrictions are higher in registered nurses’ than in assistant nurses’ assessments. These differences disappear with low staffing. Conclusion: The influence of qualification levels on assessment is affected by staffing. Low complexity of Assistant Nurses assessments is connected to higher nursing care and support time in groups of demanding residents.
An aperiodic set of 11 Wang tiles
Authors: Jeandel Emmanuel , Rao Michaël
Published: January 2021

A [Wang tile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_tile) is a square tile such that each of its edges is colored. The plane can be _tiled_ with a set of Wang tiles if tiles contained in the set can be placed in the plane without rotations and reflections such that the whole plane is covered and the colors of their edges match at adjacent tiles. Wang tiles were introduced by [Wang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hao_Wang_(academic)) in 1961 to study decidability in mathematical logic, and they are also of relevance to other areas of theoretical computer science.

Wang conjectured that if the plane can be tiled with a set of Wang tiles, then it can be tiled in a periodic way. This was refuted by [Berger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Berger_(mathematician)) in 1966 who described how a Turing machine computation can be emulated by Wang tilings and constructed a set of 104 Wang tiles for which the plane can be tiled with the set but only aperiodically. In the first volume of [The Art of Computer Programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming), Knuth presented a simplified version of Berger's set with 92 Wang tiles. Smaller sets of Wang tiles that tile the plane only aperiodically were subsequently constructed with the smallest set containing 13 Wang tiles, found by Culik II in 1996.

The authors construct a set of 11 Wang tiles with edges colored with four colors such that the plane can be tiled with the set but each tiling is aperiodic. Moreover, they establish that there is no set of at most 10 Wang tiles with this property. The number of colors is also the best possible as it is known that every set of Wang tiles with edges colored with at most three colors either can tile the plane periodically or cannot tile the plane at all.
Transparency Regarding the Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Philosophical Review
Authors: Wijaya Yudi Yasmin , Efendi A’an , Tanuwijaya Fanny , Hamida Nilna Aliyan
Published: January 2021

Tax avoidance has become a significant problem that adversely impacts the state's financial system, and its impact can obstruct the state, resulting in distrust of the government. The distrust towards the government, generally due to the reason for tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is fundamentally people's awareness of economic democracy. In Indonesia, the current discussion refers to the Tax Procedure Act, specifically regulates the obligation of the taxpayer, but limiting the rights of taxpayers. It becomes a crucial problem of transparency as part of social rights. Although the activities indicate, democracy practice but other critical challenges affect its implementation. The state, as a people's forum, has an unrealized purpose and has the potential national disintegration. The potential of disintegration forms transparency in the taxation system. Transparency in the tax management can provide accountability between the government and citizens to maintain the effectiveness of tax administration. Using transparency in the taxation system is an excellent solution for a democratic economy. By using doctrinal research, tax transparency has aspects of being balanced to realize the welfare of the country. Balancing the features of the taxation system requires the right transmission to achieve the country's purpose for people's welfare.

Keywords: Transparency, Tax Avoidance, Tax Law.
Examining Recall of the House Member: How Does It Impact on Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia?
Authors: Jayus Jayus , Ulum Muhammad Bahrul , Taufiqurrohman Moch. Marsa
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discuss the existing contentious recall policy that becomes the legitimate reason to replace or retire the House member proposed by political parties. The discussion also examines to what extent recall, in practice, whether it enables the promotion of Indonesia's anti-corruption agenda. Through the recall, political parties can withdraw their members in the House, either in the form of dismissal or changing positions before the end of the term of office of members who sit in the House of representatives. This study finds that the existing recall policy impedes democracy and negates how to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. As a result, the current policy needs an option to ensure that recall will work as it is expected. Therefore, this alternative should include constituents to propose recall, which will disrupt the existing parties' domination, resulted in a more participatory system, and it reflects the more reciprocal ways to link people, parties, and the House in Indonesian politics. The judiciary's role is another essential aspect to highlight, in which the process and settlement of the recall may involve the Constitutional Court as the hub of the political and constitutional settlement.

KEYWORDS: Indonesian Democracy, Anti-Corruption Agenda, Recall Policy, Political System.
Law Enforcement Issues and Regulations in Undelimited Maritime Boundaries: An International Law Perspective
Authors: Erlina Esther Christie , Catur Siswandi Raden Ahmad Gusman
Published: January 2021

Maritime boundaries play an essential role in determining the state's sovereignty, rights to exploit natural resources, maintain security, and territorial integrity. However, maritime boundaries often overlap between states, which can amount to conflicts. Maritime areas whose boundaries have not been agreed between neighboring states are referred to as “undelimited maritime boundaries” (UMB). Indeed, Article 74 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 has set out rules regarding UMB. However, conflicts still arise between states; for instance, the conflict related to law enforcement between Indonesia and Viet Nam in the South China Sea. This study aims to analyze law enforcement issues and the rights and obligations of states in UMB under international law. This study uses normative legal research which applies the method of legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches. This study finds that states involved in UMB are prohibited from carrying out excessive law enforcement since it could trigger more conflicts and will hamper the ongoing final maritime delimitation negotiation process. In order to ensure zero conflicts during the negotiation process, this paper recommends that Indonesia should make every effort to enter into a comprehensive provisional arrangement about UMB with its neighboring states.

Keywords: International Law, Law Enforcement, Undelimited Maritime Boundaries.
Geographical Indications in Trade Commodities for Promoting Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia
Authors: Kurnilasari Dwi Tiara
Published: January 2021

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many countries. It leads them to imbalance conditions in various sectors, particularly in the economic sector due to the shifting of people's habits. Amidst the recession, Indonesian local horticulture commodities increase in rates, supporting Indonesia's revenue. In Indonesia, abundant natural resources with numerous potential Geographical Indications (GI) need the government and other related parties' intense role. It currently results in weakness in many ways to support sustainable economic development. This study aims to discuss the protection of Geographical Indications both in national and international laws, and analyze certain vital steps to efficiently utilizing Indonesia's GI as trade commodities. The paper will mainly discuss Geographical Indication legal protection and ways to utilize it for the country's economy. The study finds that the legal protection of GI in Indonesia is still considered weak and lacks in parties' active involvement in managing GI-based trade commodities and products. The research concluded that to strengthen GI protection in Indonesia, related party involvement and continuous monitoring and promoting are necessary to be done. Furthermore, the advice is to increase local community awareness by government and non-governmental organizations toward GI potential. It includes developing an efficient protection and management system that fully maximized each party's ability to execute its responsibility.

KEYWORDS: Geographical Indications, Intellectual Property, Economic Development.
Upaya Perlindungan Hutan Konservasi Atas Pemberian Izin Pemanfaatan Panas Bumi
Authors: Muttaqien Abdi
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini ditulis dengan tema kehutanan dan panas bumi. Penulisan ini berfokus mengenai upaya perlindungan kawasan hutan konservasi yang pada saat ini dimungkinkan untuk digunakan sebagai lahan pemanfaatan panas bumi. Seperti yang diketahui kawasan konservasi merupakan salah satu kawasan yang berfungsi sebagai pengawetan dan pelestarian bagi suatu habitat flora maupun fauna. Namun pemanfaatan panas bumi juga merupakan satu hal yang penting dikarenakan pemanfaatan panas bumi ini merupakan salah satu upaya negara untuk menjamin ketersediaan dan ketahanan energi nasional. Mengingat pada saat ini konsumsi energi terbesar pada saat ini masih menggunakan bahan bakar yanng berasal dari fosil yang persediannya makin berkurang.
Pengaturan Harmonisasi Rancangan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang Dibentuk Di Daerah oleh Kemenkumham
Authors: Ghoni Choirudin Abdul
Published: January 2021

Seiring dengan banyaknya keberadaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlak`ud ingin mengkaji keabsahan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 tentang pengharmonisasian rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk di daerah oleh perancang. Penulisan ini mengacu pada jenis penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, serta menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Melalui penulisan ini didapatkan bahwa Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 tidak sah karena dasar hukum dan wewenang untuk harmonisasi tidak didasari substansinya atas penjabaran perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi dan aturan tersebut telah mengesampingkan norma hukum yang lebih tinggi diatasnya terkait batasan wewenang harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk di daerah. Dengan demikian, disarankan Peraturan Menteri tersebut harus diperintahkan oleh Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan yang tidak bertentangan dengan norma yang lebih tinggi serta wewenang harmonisasi oleh Kemenkumham hanya sebatas peraturan daerah yang berasal dari Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota tidak termasuk peraturan daerah dari  DPRD Provinsi, DPRD Kabupaten, dan DPRD Kota serta produk hukum lainnya yang dibentuk di daerah.
Pembatasan Permohonan Pembatalan Penetapan Hasil Penghitungan Suara Pemilihan Kepala Daerah
Authors: Pratama Ibnu Rizky
Published: January 2021

Pemilihan Kepala Daerah merupakan kesempatan konstitusional yang teratur bagi suatu persaingan damai dan jujur untuk memperoleh kekuasaan sebagaimana diatur pada Pasal 18 ayat (4) UUD NRI 1945. Kesuksesan Pilkada tidak hanya dilihat dari proses pemungutan suara saja, namun juga harus dibarengi dengan proses penyelesain sengketa Pilkada yang baik. Terkait dengan penyelesain sengketa Pilkada, sampai saat ini masih terdapat permasalahan pada penyelesaian sengketa hasil Pilkada. Pada Pasal 158 UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, Dan Walikota Menjadi Undang-Undang diatur mengenai syarat permohonan pembatalan penetapan hasil penghitungan suara yaitu untuk sengketa hasil Pilkada yang dapat diajukan ke MK, syarat selisih suara maksimal antara 0,5 persen sampai 2 persen.