bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ in Patients with or Without p53 Mutations
Authors: Ryu Dong Won , Lee Chung Han
Published: January 2013

Objectives p53 is a tumor suppressor gene and plays an important role in the etiology of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to clarify clinical significance of p53 in Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and discuss about survival effect. Methods The study subjects, 69 women with breast cancer, were a subset of patients operated from Jan 2005 to Dec 2006. We used a cutoff of 10% to distinguish between positive and negative p53 staining. The University of Southern California (USC)/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) were compared with 2 categories of p53. Results The positivity of p53 was found in 20 patients (29.0%) in DCIS. And negativity of p53 was found in 49 patients (71.0%). And 15 patients (21.7%) had a low USC/VNPI score, 42 patients (60.9%) intermediate and 12 patients (17.4%) a high score. The positivity of p53 was correlated with high USC/VNPI (P = 0.001). The univariate analysis for prognostic factors associated with Disease Free Survival (DFS) revealed that patients with p53 positivity show shorter Disease Free Survival (DFS) than patients with p53 negativity (P = 0.013) and USC/VNPI was also statistically significant (P = 0.030). Conclusions According to our study, p53 was associated with high USC/VNPI. These findings suggest that p53 can be used to classify DCIS into at least two subtypes with differing prognoses.
The Study of Animal Model of Lymphedema Using the Mouse Tail
Authors: Jeong Ho Joong , Hwang Ki Hun , Sim Young-Joo , Kim Ghi Chan , Kim Young-Ok , Baek Seong-Min
Published: January 2013

Objectives To investigate the time course of the development of acquired and experimental lymphedema. Methods We studied an experimental model of acute post - surgical lymphedema in the tails of female hairless mice. The procedures that remove the skin and subcutaneous tissue in tails of the mice (5-10 mm from tail base) were performed, and then the murine has acquired lymphatic insufficiency. We measured volume of the tails in 2 times per week for 5 weeks, histological biopsy, and lymphoscintigraphy to assess lymphatic flow. Results There was gradually increased volume of the tails and observed twice volume at post - surgical 18 days. In lymphoscintigraphy, we identified decreased lymphatic flow and dermal back flow in the tails. Histological biopsy showed inflammatory response that was edema and increased neutrophils in epidermis and subdermis, and lymphatic microvascular dilatation. Conclusions We have a mouse model of acute acquired lymphedema. This post - surgical murine tail model of lymphedema can be used to simulate an attribute of human lymphedema and provides knowledge about functional and structural alterations of lymphedema.
A Case of Spontaneous Bladder Rupture Mimicking Diabetic Nephropathy in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Hae Kyung , Kim Na-Young , Yeom Soo Jeong , Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Jung Min , Chang Sang Ah
Published: January 2013

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder is a rare clinical entity, with the incidence reported as 1 in 126,000 hospital admissions. It is often associated with malignancy, inflammatory lesions, irradiation, calculus, diverticulum, binge alcohol drinking, continuous bladder irrigation, and neurogenic bladder. In rare instances, bladder rupture occurs without obvious causes. This rare clinical condition is difficult to diagnose because of vague symptoms. High index of suspicion is needed as the mortality rate is high if untreated. A 37-year-old woman with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, was admitted to the emergency room complaining of progressive abdominal distension and discomfort. She had a past history of tubo-ovarian and bladder abscess, and had undergone multiple surgical operations. From ascites fluid study, she was diagnosed as spontaneous bladder rupture. A transurethral catheter was inserted and the symptoms and signs resolved. Bladder rupture, mimicking acute kidney injury of diabetic nephropathy was disclosed without surgery.
A Case of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis Associated with Transient Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Kwon Hye Jung , Choi Young Sik , Lee Joon Seup , Park Dong Hyun , Choi Yeon Jung , Yoo Jin Seok
Published: January 2013

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is an acute muscle weakness of the limbs associated with hypokalemia. It can occur with any form of thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis associated with transient thyrotoxicosis due to thyroiditis is very rare. We experienced a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis associated with transient thyrotoxicosis. A 39-yr-old man was referred to our hospital because of paralysis of upper and lower extremity. The laboratory results were hypokalemia and mild thyrotoxicosis. A thyroid scan with Tc-99m revealed decreased uptake in the thyroid area compatible with destructive thyroiditis. The paralytic attack did not recur after the patient recovered to euthyroid state.
A Case of Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis Misdiagnosed as Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Song Su Hee , Kim Ho Joong , Kang Dong Hoon , Lim Soo Young
Published: January 2013

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare disease characterized by nodular skin lesions and severe erosive polyarthritis which is associated with malignancy in some cases. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of oncocytic histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells on histopathology of the cutaneous nodules and the synovial membrane. It usually remits spontaneously after 5-8 years but it can provoke destructive arthritis. We report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with numerous nodules on the both hands, face and abdomen and progressive destructive polyarthritis of 3 years duration and has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The lesion showed large histiocytes with ground-glass eosinophilic cytoplasm, typical of MRH. Clinical manifestation and radiological pattern of MRH may be misdiagnosed as other disease like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, but histopathologic findings of our case can differentiate MRH from any other conditions.
Mini-review: Eosinophils, a Useful Diagnostic Clue in Surgical Neuropathology
Authors: Choi Junjeong , Kim Tai Seung , Kim Se Hoon
Published: January 2013

Eosinophils are one of the polymorphonuclear granulocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells, and they contain many small cytoplasmic granules that stain bright red with eosin or brick-red with Romanowsky staining. Eosinophilic infiltration is also present in various human central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as parasitic infection, transverse myelitis, vasculitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, glioblastoma and etc... Due to the morphologic and functional characteristics, the presence of eosinophils in certain lesions may provide useful diagnostic clues in the right clinical setting. Consideration of this finding may facilitate the diagnosis of CNS pathologic lesions, especially in a small specimen such as a stereotactic biopsy.
The Ethics of the Imperative
Authors: Ednie‐Brown Pia
Published: January 2013

The bald desire to innovate is not sufficient in itself. To go beyond mere technical invention and make a positive difference, innovation requires an engagement with overall ethical intent. Here, Guest‐Editor Pia Ednie‐Brown espouses a design ethos that values an open‐ended approach to architectural innovation. She illustrates the ethical impact of implementing new technologies with two opposing paradigms – one dark and one affirmative – as exemplified by two classic films from 1968: 2001: A Space Odyssey and Barbarella.
Innovation at the Storefront: The Practice of Eva Franch I Gilabert
Authors: Ednie‐Brown Pia
Published: January 2013

An event and exhibition space opening on to the sidewalk of New York City's SoHo, Storefront is dedicated to the advancement of innovative positions in architecture and design. It seeks ‘to simultaneously shake and question the current state of affairs’. Guest‐Editor Pia Ednie‐Brown discusses with the Catalan architect, Eva Franch i Gilabert, her role as Director of Storefront, and specifically how she has promoted active, generative engagement through humour, disruption and innovation.
Becoming Architectural: Affirmative Critique, Creative Incompletion
Authors: Massumi Brian
Published: January 2013

When Greg Lynn embraced digital animation software in the 1990s, he not only redefined architectural production, but also the designer's relationship to the generative process. In this extract from an unpublished essay written in 2000, the philosopher Brian Massumi describes Lynn's ‘in‐folding’ open‐ended approach, which renders the design process ‘less an external conduit for the artist's creativity’ than the artist ‘a conduit for creativity of the design process’.
bioMASON and the Speculative Engagements of Biotechnical Architecture
Authors: Ednie‐Brown Pia
Published: January 2013

In the last decade, biotechnical architecture has become one of the most fertile areas for speculative architecture. Guest‐Editor Pia Ednie‐Brown traces the recent lineage of this field, highlighting the work of Ginger Krieg Dosier and Michael Dosier of Vergelabs, which has pushed biotechnical architecture further towards actualisation; their company bioMASON specialises in the biomanufacture of building material and its architectural applications.
Final Draft: Designing Architecture's Endgame
Authors: Wilkins Gretchen , Burrow Andrew
Published: January 2013

‘Completion is both essential for, and antithetical to, innovation.’ Here, Gretchen Wilkins and Guest‐Editor Andrew Burrow attempt to resolve this generative paradox by going in search of ‘open‐to‐ending strategies in architectural practice’. They advocate the model of the ‘final draft’ in the design process as a means to bringing a project to a close while anticipating or encouraging future work.
Architecture, Innovation and Tradition
Authors: Picon Antoine
Published: January 2013

Antoine Picon, Professor of the History of Architecture and Technology at Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD), and the author of a significant new book, Ornament: The Politics of Architecture and Subjectivity (John Wiley & Sons), publishing in April 2013, provides the counterargument to this issue. He argues that for innovation to go beyond the superficial level of being a mere design trend or fashion, it needs to avoid ‘presentism’ and develop a reflexive stance to history and tradition.
Label‐Free Electrical Detection of DNA Hybridization on Graphene using Hall Effect Measurements: Revisiting the Sensing Mechanism
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Te , Loan Phan Thi Kim , Chen Tzu‐Yin , Liu Keng‐Ku , Chen Chang‐Hsiao , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Li Lain‐Jong
Published: January 2013

There is broad interest in using graphene or graphene oxide sheets as a transducer for label‐free and selective electrical detection of biomolecules such as DNA. However, it is still not well explored how the DNA molecules interact with and influence the properties of graphene during the detection. Here, Hall effect measurements based on the Van der Pauw method are used to perform single‐base sequence selective detection of DNA on graphene sheets, which are prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The sheet resistance increases and the mobility decreases with the addition of either complementary or one‐base mismatched DNA to the graphene device. The hole carrier concentration of the graphene devices increases significantly with the addition of complementary DNA but it is less affected by the one‐base mismatched DNA. It is concluded that the increase in hole carrier density, indicating p‐doping to graphene, is better correlated with the DNA hybridization compared to the commonly used parameters such as conductivity change. The different electrical observations of p‐doping from Hall effect measurements and n‐doping from electrolyte‐gated transistors can be explained by the characteristic morphology of partially hybridized DNA on graphene and the mismatch between DNA chain length and Debye length in electrolytes.
Secondary Photocrosslinking of Injectable Shear‐Thinning Dock‐and‐Lock Hydrogels
Authors: Lu Hoang D. , Soranno Danielle E. , Rodell Christopher B. , Kim Iris L. , Burdick Jason A.
Published: January 2013

Shear‐thinning hydrogels are useful in numerous applications, including as injectable carriers that act as scaffolds to support cell and drug therapies. Here, we describe the engineering of a self‐assembling Dock‐and‐Lock (DnL) system that forms injectable shear‐thinning hydrogels using molecular recognition interactions that also possess photo‐triggerable secondary crosslinks. These DnL hydrogels are fabricated from peptide‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA) and polypeptide precursors, can self‐heal immediately after shear induced flow, are cytocompatible, and can be stabilized through light‐initiated radical polymerization of methacrylate functional groups to tune gel mechanics and erosion kinetics. Secondary crosslinked hydrogels retain self‐adhesive properties and exhibit cooperative physical and chemical crosslinks with moduli as high as ∼10 times larger than moduli of gels based on physical crosslinking alone. The extent of reaction and change in properties are dependent on whether the methacrylate is incorporated either at the terminus of the peptide or directly to the HA backbone. Additionally, the gel erosion can be monitored through an incorporated fluorophore and physical–chemical gels remain intact in solution over months, whereas physical gels that are not covalently crosslinked erode completely within days. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit increased viability when cultured in physical– chemical gels, compared with those cultured in gels based on physical crosslinks alone. The physical properties of these DnL gels may be additionally tuned by adjusting component compositions, which allows DnL gels with a wide range of physical properties to be constructed for use.
The Quinine Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Strecker Reaction: An Approach for the Synthesis of 3‐Aminooxindoles
Authors: Wang Dong , Liang Jinyan , Feng Jingchao , Wang Kairong , Sun Quantao , Zhao Long , Li Dan , Yan Wenjin , Wang Rui
Published: January 2013

An organocatalytic enantioselective Strecker reaction for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐3‐cyanooxindoles has been developed. Employing a quinine‐derived thiourea catalyst, the nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to N‐Boc‐ketimines affords 3‐amino‐3‐canooxindoles in good to excellent yields (78–98%) and very good enantioselectivities (up to 94%). Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this method also represents the first enantioselective organocatalyzed Strecker reaction with N‐Boc‐ketimines as electrophiles.
Domino Hydroarylation–Cyclization Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Indane‐Fused 3,4‐Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Joo Jin Hyuck , Youn So Won
Published: January 2013

A tin(II) triflate‐catalyzed domino hydroarylation–cyclization reaction has been developed to access a wide‐variety of methyleneindane‐fused 3,4‐hydrocoumarins. A judiciously selected bi‐functional Lewis acidic catalyst has been successfully applied to promote two ring‐closing events as a single‐pot operation.
Supramolecular Encapsulated Rhodium Catalysts for Branched Selective Hydroformylation of Alkenes at High Temperature
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Norman David W. , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: January 2013

This study reveals that, in contrast to expectations, supramolecular encapsulated rhodium catalysts can be used at industrially relevant temperatures (75–80 °C), providing highly active catalysts. The unprecedented regioselectivity for the branched aldehydes can be retained if high carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are used.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of α‐Keto Phosphonates with 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)‐ furan Catalyzed by Bis(oxazoline)‐Copper Complexes
Authors: Hou Gang , Yu Jipan , Yu Chengbin , Wu Guiping , Miao Zhiwei
Published: January 2013

The asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction between α‐keto phosphonate and 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)furan was performed by using bis(oxazoline)‐copper complexes as the catalyst and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as additive in dichloromethane. The present method is highly tolerable for functionalized α‐keto phosphonates and enabled us to obtain the corresponding 3‐ and 4‐substituted benzyl‐functionalized tertiary α‐hydroxy phosphonates in high yields (up to 86%) as well as high enantiostereoselectivities (up to 98% ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1, anti‐selective).
Carpal tunnel syndrome among ewe dairy farmers in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Rosecrance John , Marras Teresa , Murgia Lelia , Tartaglia Riccardo , Baldasseroni Alberto
Published: January 2013

Background

The region of Sardinia, Italy is known internationally for the production of cheeses made from ewe's milk. Although the use of automated milking equipment is available in ewe dairy operations, traditional hand milking is still performed on many ewe farms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among farmers that manually milk ewes.

Methods

Worker demographics, upper limb symptoms, and electrophysiologic studies were obtained on 76 ewe farmers recruited from a random sample of 109 in northern Sardinia. Characteristic hand symptoms and electrophysiologic studies were used in the case definition of CTS.

Results

Of the 76 farmers evaluated, 42 (55.3%) fit the case definition of CTS in at least one hand. Assuming that all non‐respondents did not have CTS, the CTS prevalence ratio would have been 38.5% (42/109) among the randomized sample of ewe farmers.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that CTS is a significant occupational health issue for ewe farmers that continue the traditional methods of manual milking. The recent trend in automated ewe milking machines may help reduce the prevalence of CTS among the next generation of Italian ewe farmers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:889–896, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can Black‐and‐White Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia variegata) Solve Object Permanence Tasks?
Authors: MALLAVARAPU SUMA , PERDUE BONNIE M. , STOINSKI TARA S. , MAPLE TERRY L.
Published: January 2013

We examined object permanence in black‐and‐white‐ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata)at Zoo Atlanta. A series of visible and invisible displacement tasks with suitable controls were presented to five adult subjects. Subjects performed significantly above chance on all regular tasks, except for the double invisible displacements. Subjects failed visible and invisible controls. Failure on the control trials did not appear to be because subjects used the “last box touched” strategy (subjects did not choose the last box touched significantly more than expected by chance). However, a substantial percentage of choiceswasmade to the last box touched by the experimenter. There was no significant difference between this percentage, and the percentage of choices made to the baited box (on both visible and invisible controls), which indicates that subjects were drawn to both boxes which the experimenter visited/touched, and thus failed the controls. Based on the results from the present study, we believe that there is no evidence that black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs understand visible and invisible tasks in the traditional object permanence battery. Am. J. Primatol. 75:376‐386, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PF‐8380 and Closely Related Analogs: Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship towards Autotaxin Inhibition and Glioma Cell Viability
Authors: St‐Cœur Patrick‐Denis , Ferguson Dean , Morin Pier Jr , Touaibia Mohamed
Published: January 2013

A series of PF‐8380 analogs, a recently developed autotaxin inhibitor, was explored. Inhibition of autotaxin by these analogs, as well as by all PF‐8380 synthetic intermediates, shows the importance of meta‐dichlorobenzyl and benzo[d]oxazol‐2(3H)‐one fragments. However, analogs 8 and 9, bearing only the benzo[d]oxazol‐2(3H)‐one moiety, are more cytotoxic on the LN229 glioblastoma cell line than PF‐8380 and temozolomide (TMZ).
Influence of Extraframework Aluminum on the Brønsted Acidity and Catalytic Reactivity of Faujasite Zeolite
Authors: Almutairi Sami M. T. , Mezari Brahim , Filonenko Georgy A. , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Rigutto Marcello S. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: January 2013

A series of faujasite zeolites was modified by extraframework Al (AlEF) with the goal to investigate the influence of such species on the intrinsic Brønsted acidity and catalytic activity towards paraffin cracking. The chemical state of AlEF and zeolite acidity were investigated by 27Al MAS NMR and COads IR spectroscopy, H/D exchange reaction, and propane cracking. Strongly acidic defect‐free Y zeolites were obtained by substitution of framework Al by Si with (NH4)2SiF6. In accordance with the next‐nearest‐neighbor model, the intrinsic acidity of the protons increased with decreasing framework Al density. This increased acidity was evidenced by an increased shift of the OH stretching vibration upon CO adsorption in COads IR spectroscopy and by an increased H/D exchange rate in H/D exchange reactions with perdeuterobenzene. All of the acid sites in these zeolites were of equal strength beyond a certain Si/Al ratio. The increased acidity resulted in an enhanced propane cracking activity. Modification of a model dealuminated Y zeolite by AlEF only resulted in a small fraction of cationic AlEF species, because it was difficult to control the ion exchange process. In comparison, commercial ultrastabilized Y zeolites contained less AlEF and these species were predominantly present in cationic form. The rate of propane cracking strongly correlated to the concentration of Brønsted acid sites perturbed by cationic AlEF species. The results of MQMAS 27Al NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of sites perturbed by AlEF and unaffected framework Al sites. Zeolites with higher intrinsic cracking activities contained a higher proportion of perturbed sites. Although COads IR and H/D exchange methods proved to be suitable methods to probe the acidity of Y zeolites free from AlEF, they were less suitable to predict the reactivity if the Brønsted acid sites were affected by cationic AlEF species.
Asymmetric Cyanoethoxy Carbonylation Reaction of Aldehydes Catalyzed by a TiIV Macrocyclic Complex: An Efficient Synthetic Protocol for β‐Blocker and α1‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists
Authors: Sadhukhan Arghya , Choudhary Manoj K. , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: January 2013

Chiral macrocyclic TiIV–salen complexes were used as efficient catalysts in the asymmetric cyanoethoxy carbonylation of aldehydes. The TiIV catalysts demonstrated excellent performance (product yields and ee values up to 99 %) with ethyl cyanoformate as the cyanide source and a catalyst loading of 0.5 mol %, which is the lowest known. The macrocyclic TiIV–salen complex retained its performance at multigram level and was conveniently recycled for a number of times. The product obtained was straightforwardly transformed to the pharmaceutically important chiral drugs (R)‐proethalol (β‐blocker) and (R)‐phenylephrine (α1‐adrenergic receptor agonist) in good yields. To understand the mechanism of the catalytic reaction, a kinetic investigation was conducted with various concentrations of the catalyst, ethyl cyanoformate and benzaldehyde as the representative substrate. The reaction of benzaldehyde was first order with respect to the concentration of the catalyst and the ethyl cyanoformate but did not depend on the initial concentration of the substrate. A possible mechanism of the cyano‐ethoxy carbonylation reaction was proposed.
Optimization of Catalyst Loading for Porous Copper Fiber Sintered Felts Used in Methanol Steam Reforming Microreactors
Authors: Zhou W. , Tang Y. , Wang Q. , Hui K. S. , Hui K. N. , Wan Z. , Song R.
Published: January 2013

A novel porous copper fiber sintered felt (PCFSF) has been used as catalyst support to construct a methanol steam reforming microreactor for hydrogen production. The Cu/Zn/Al/Zr catalyst was loaded on the PCFSF by means of a two‐layer impregnation method. The ultrasonic water bath vibration method was employed to investigate the effect of porosity, catalyst loading, and sintering temperature on the loading performance of PCFSFs. The effective catalyst loading, being limited by porosity and pore size, was > 92 % in the lower porosity range of 70–80 %, but significantly reduced in higher porosity ranges >80 %.
Regeneration of Activated Carbon Loaded with Cyclohexane Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Results and Modeling
Authors: Heidari A. , Lotfollahi M. N. , Baseri H.
Published: January 2013

Regeneration of granular activated carbon loaded with cyclohexane by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated at varying temperatures and pressures. Cyclohexane concentration‐time profiles were measured by means of a supercritical extraction apparatus coupled with an online GC analyzer. The maximum yield of regeneration was 68 % at 55 °C and 140 bar. A mathematical model was proposed which agreed well with the experimental data. Both the Toth and the Langmuir‐Freundlich isotherms were used as adsorption isotherms under equilibrium condition. The mathematical model for activated carbon regeneration was able to adjust the experimental data with relative absolute average deviations of about 4 % and 3.25 %, respectively, for the Toth and the Langmuir‐Freundlich isotherms.
ansa‐Zirconocenes with Bridge‐tethered Donors: Synthesis and Application as Catalysts in Solution Polymerization of Ethylene
Authors: Rau A. , Wieczorek T. , Dornik H. , Luft G.
Published: January 2013

Four new donor‐functionalized ansa‐zirconocenes have been synthesized from the XMeSiCp2ZrCl2 and X2SiCp2ZrCl2 general formula (where X = (CH2)3OEt, C8H4SCH2OMe, and CH2(2‐MeO‐3‐Me‐C6H3)). In each of these metallocenes, alkoxy groups are linked by a three‐carbon chain to the silicon atom. To study the influence of the functionalized side chains, these metallocenes were activated with methylalumoxane (MAO) and utilized in solution polymerization of ethylene. The molecular weight distributions of the polymers formed show a bimodal shape which can be described as a superposition of two Schultz‐Flory distributions, synonymous to at least two different catalytic species. Unimodal polymers with Mw/Mn = 2 were formed with the Me2SiCp2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst system, indicating that the unusual bimodal molecular weight distributions are due to the functionalized side chains tethered to the Si‐bridge.
Bioresponsive Hyaluronic Acid‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Chen Zhaowei , Li Zhenhua , Lin Youhui , Yin Meili , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we present a facile strategy to synthesize hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSP) for targeted enzyme responsive drug delivery, in which the anchored HA polysaccharides not only act as capping agents but also as targeting ligands without the need of additional modification. The nanoconjugates possess many attractive features including chemical simplicity, high colloidal stability, good biocompatibility, cell‐targeting ability, and precise cargo release, making them promising agents for biomedical applications. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the nanoconjugates are shown to release cargoes from the interior pores of MSPs upon HA degradation in response to hyaluronidase‐1 (Hyal‐1). Moreover, after receptor‐mediated endocytosis into cancer cells, the anchored HA was degraded into small fragments, facilitating the release of drugs to kill the cancer cells. Overall, we envision that this system might open the door to a new generation of carrier system for site‐selective, controlled‐release delivery of anticancer drugs.
Polyoxometalates as a Novel Class of Artificial Proteases: Selective Hydrolysis of Lysozyme under Physiological pH and Temperature Promoted by a Cerium(IV) Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalate
Authors: Stroobants Karen , Moelants Eva , Ly Hong Giang T. , Proost Paul , Bartik Kristin , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: January 2013

Hen‐egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL) is specifically cleaved at the Trp28–Val29 and Asn44–Arg45 peptide bonds in the presence of a Keggin‐type [Ce(α‐PW11O39)2]10− polyoxometalate (POM; 1) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. The reactivity of 1 towards a range of dipeptides was also examined and the calculated reaction rates were comparable to those observed for the hydrolysis of HEWL. Experiments with α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA), a protein that is structurally highly homologous to HEWL but has a different surface potential, showed no evidence of hydrolysis, which indicates the importance of electrostatic interactions between 1 and the protein surface for the hydrolytic reaction to occur. A combination of spectroscopic techniques was used to reveal the molecular interactions between HEWL and 1 that lead to hydrolysis. NMR spectroscopy titration experiments showed that on protein addition the intensity of the 31P NMR signal of 1 gradually decreased due to the formation of a large protein/polyoxometalate complex and completely disappeared when the HEWL/1 ratio reached 1:2. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements of HEWL indicate that addition of 1 results in a clear decrease in the signal at λ=208 nm, which is attributed to changes in the α‐helical content of the protein. 15N–1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR measurements of HEWL in the presence of 1 reveal that the interaction is mainly observed for residues that are located in close proximity to the first site in the α‐helical part of the structure (Trp28–Val29). The less pronounced NMR spectroscopic shifts around the second cleavage site (Asn44–Arg45), which is found in the β‐strand region of the protein, might be caused by weaker metal‐directed binding, compared with strong POM‐directed binding at the first site.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimorphic EuCu5Cd.
Authors: Tappe Frank , Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2013

Two modifications of the title compound are prepared from the elements in sealed tantalum ampules and characterized by single crystal XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mixed Halide, Cs2HgI2Cl2: Molecular Engineering for a New Nonlinear Optical Material in the Infrared Region.
Authors: Qin Jingui , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

The new title compound is synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of CsCl and HgI2 dissolved in acetone (45 °C, 24 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, Raman, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and nonlinear optical property measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophilic, Upconverting, Multicolor, Lanthanide‐Doped NaGdF4 Nanocrystals as Potential Multifunctional Bioprobes.
Authors: Li Feifei , Li Chunguang , Liu Xiaomin , Chen Ying , Bai Tianyu , Wang Long , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: January 2013

Monodisperse water‐soluble NaGdF4:Yb,Er upconverting nanocrystals are prepared by a fast, facile, and environmentally friendly microwave‐assisted route from a mixture of GdCl3, YbCl3, ErCl3, NH4F, and polyethylenimine dissolved in ethylene glycol (microwave irradiation, 200 °C, 60 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Diphosphane‐ and NHC‐Containing Ruthenium Catalysts for the Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldimines with Organoboron Reagents.
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J.
Published: January 2013

The inversion of enantioselectivity observed in some cases, e.g. (S)‐VIa vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Laccase‐Catalyzed Oxidative Phenolic Coupling of Vanillidene Derivatives.
Authors: Constantin Mihaela‐Anca , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe
Published: January 2013

The oxidative dimerization of di‐ and trisubstituted vanillidene derivatives with aerial oxygen delivers either the dihydrobenzofurans (II) as sole products in diastereomerically pure form, biphenyls (IV) and (VI), which can be considered as 5,5′‐coupling products, or dilactone (VIII) as main product.
ChemInform Abstract: A Weinreb Amide Approach to the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylketones.
Authors: Rudzinski DiAndra M. , Kelly Christopher B. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: January 2013

The first case of the Ruppert‐Prakash reagent (II) reacting in a constructive manner with an amide functionality to afford title compounds (III), without formation of over‐trifluoromethylated products is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Detriflylation of N‐Triflylamides with Red‐Al.
Authors: Miyamoto Kazunori , Hoque Md. Mahbubul , Ogasa Sayaka
Published: January 2013

It is found that Red‐Al is an efficient deprotecting agent for N,N‐dialkyltriflylamides and disubstituted N‐triflylaziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: (S)‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐N‐(pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethyl)piperidin‐4‐amine as an Efficient Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition
Authors: Cao Xiaohui , Wang Ge , Wei Yingying , Chen Ligong
Published: January 2013

of cyclohexanone to aryl‐substituted nitroolefines (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Revisit: Eaton′s Reagent Catalyzed Synthesis of Mono‐ and Bis‐Chalcone Derivatives.
Authors: Pawar Rajendra P. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

Eaton′s reagent efficiently catalyzed the Claisen—Schmidt condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes with aromatic as well as cyclic ketones under solvent‐free microwave irradiation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1,2‐Dihalobenzenes with 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Aljaar Nayyef , Malakar Chandi C. , Conrad Juergen , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas , Beifuss Uwe
Published: January 2013

A new, straightforward, and regioselective method is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Simple Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles by the Reaction of α‐Halo Ketone Carbonyls with Ammonium Thiocyanate in the Presence of N‐Methylimidazole.
Authors: Meshram H. M. , Thakur Pramod B. , Babu B. Madhu , Bangade Vikas M.
Published: January 2013

The simple and mild procedure affords a broad spectrum of functionalized target compounds as biologically interesting subunits.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Spirocyclohexanonerhodanines Catalyzed by Simple Diamine Derived from Chiral tert‐Leucine.
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Huang Huicai , Yuan Xiaoqian , Zhu Kailong , Ye Jinxing
Published: January 2013

Rhodamine derivatives (I) are applied in cascade reactions for the highly stereoselective construction of title compounds (III) and (V) bearing multiple consecutive chiral centers catalyzed by a simple diamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous AlPO4: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Nitriles and Sodium Azide via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Ai Man , Lang Leiming , Li Baojun , Xu Zheng
Published: January 2013

Mesoporous aluminum phosphate is described as possible candidate to substitute metal salts or other heterogeneous catalysts even in industrial applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Nanoparticles: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for One Pot Synthesis of Tetraketones and Biscoumarins.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Vij Kanika
Published: January 2013

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone stabilized nickel nanoparticles are successfully used as catalyst for the syntheses of tetraketones and biscoumarins via Knoevenagel condensation followed by rapid Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: An Ecofriendly Approach to the Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐ and 2‐Oxo‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐2H‐chromenes.
Authors: Dias Tatiana A. , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: January 2013

Knoevenagel condensation of salicylaldehydes with (phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile in aqueous solution gives 2‐imino‐chromenes whose hydrolysis allows the synthesis of the corresponding 2‐oxo derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica (NPs) Supported Fe(III) as a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Ziarati Abolfazl , Zahedi Safura
Published: January 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by condensation of various aldehydes with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Piperidines Using 1‐Methyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidinium Hydrogen Sulfate.
Authors: Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Beigbabaei Adel , Lashkari Mojtaba
Published: January 2013

Highly substituted piperidines (IV) (23 examples) are obtained in a one‐pot three‐component synthesis from aromatic aldehydes, anilines, and β‐ketoesters using the ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidinium hydrogensulfate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign One Pot Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines Catalyzed by Fluoroboric Acid Based Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Rajendran A. , Karthikeyan C. , Rajathi K. , Ragupathy D.
Published: January 2013

The title compounds are obtained in a simple, efficient, and facile tandem protocol by reaction of substituted anilines (I) with β‐ketoester (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Copper‐ and Amine‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2‐Halo‐3‐alkyl Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines Using Tetrabutyl Ammonium Acetate as an Activator under Microwave‐Enhanced Conditions.
Authors: Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Muralidharan A.
Published: January 2013

Halides (Ia)‐(Ic) are tested in the process and the iodide (Ia) is found to be the most efficient one to prepare purine analogues which are of pharmaceutical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Pyrano‐ and Furo[3,2‐c]quinolines via Povarov Reaction Using a Highly Ordered 3D Nanoporous Catalyst with a High Acidity.
Authors: Vinu A. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

Imines, generated in situ from arylamines and cyclic enol ethers (II), undergo [4 + 2]cycloaddition with a second ether molecule in the presence of a nanoporous aluminosilicate as the catalyst to afford the title compounds in high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C‐3 Functionalization of Indolizines via C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Xu Shao‐hong
Published: January 2013

Di‐ or triheteroarylmethanes (III) are obtained in electrophilic substitution reactions of indolizines (I) with various aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes (II) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Triflate Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Spiro‐Hexahydropyrimidines Explained by Multiple Covalent Bond Formation.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jain Anuj K. , Sharma Sonam
Published: January 2013

The process includes 6 molecules of reactants and 6 new covalent bonds are generated in the presence of a reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Greener Protocol for Accessing 2,3‐Dihydro/spiroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones: Natural Acid‐SDS Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Pandey Anand Kumar , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: January 2013

The conversion of isatoic anhydride (I) to the title heterocycles is investigated under conditions A) and B).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Benzopyrimidoquinoline‐tetraone Derivatives (IV) in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Du Bai‐Xiang , Zhao Bo , Cai Gan , Li Yu‐Ling , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: January 2013

15 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Arylation of BODIPY Dyes at the 3‐ and 3,5‐Positions.
Authors: Verbelen Bram , Leen Volker , Wang Lina , Boens Noel , Dehaen Wim
Published: January 2013

Despite the use of a significant excess of aryl bromide (II) the formation of the monoarylated product (III) could not be avoided.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Alkylation of β‐Keto Phosphonates by Direct Use of Diaryl Methanols as Electrophiles.
Authors: Shibata Masashi , Ikeda Masahiro , Motoyama Kazuki , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: January 2013

Besides ethyl phosphates alternative alkyl phosphates can also be used as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Flower of Vernonia cinerea.
Authors: Chang Leng Chee , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the hexane extract from the flowers of Vernonia cinerea (Asteraceae) leads to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene lactones (I) along with several known structurally related substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Bioactive Glucosinolates from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Florets.
Authors: Survay Nazneen Shaik , Kumar Brajesh , Jang Mi , Yoon Do‐Young , Jung Yi‐Sook , Yang Deok‐Chun , Park Se Won
Published: January 2013

Two novel glucosinolates (I) and (II) and one known structurally related substance are isolated from Broccoli florets.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Matsuoka Masaya , Saito Masakazu , Anpo Masakazu
Published: January 2013

Review: applications in the characterization and reactivity of solid catalysts in relaion to the reaction dynamics of photocatalysis; 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Azo Compounds with Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Rollas Sevim
Published: January 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Iron‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation via Polar Reactions of Alcohols with Carbon‐Centered Nucleophiles
Authors: Shang XiaoJie , Liu ZhongQuan
Published: January 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Electrochemistry: Fundamental Concepts Through to Prominent Applications
Authors: Brownson Dale A. C. , Kampouris Dimitrios K. , Banks Craig E.
Published: January 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine — The Elusive Epigenetic Mark in Mammalian DNA
Authors: Kriukiene Edita , Liutkeviciute Zita , Klimasauskas Saulius
Published: January 2013

Review: 84 refs.
Fluidized Bed Combustors in Austria and their Flue Gas Cleaning Systems
Authors: Purgar Amon , Winter Franz
Published: January 2013

Im Zuge des multilateralen Technology Agreements Fluidized Bed Conversion der Internationalen Energieagentur soll ein Statusreport der Wirbelschichttechnologie in Österreich erarbeitet werden. Der Fokus des Berichts liegt auf industriellen Wirbelschicht‐Verbrennungsanlagen. Die untersuchten Anlagen können vier Kategorien zugeordnet werden. Diese sind Papier‐ und Zellstoffindustrie, thermische Reststoffverwertung, Biomassekraftwerke und die thermische Verwertung von kommunalen Klärschlämmen. Jeder Kategorie kann ein typisches Spektrum an Brennstoffen zugeordnet werden und mit Kenntnis der Inbetriebnahme‐Zeitpunkte der Anlagen ergeben sich typische Zusammenstellungen von Rauchgasreinigungstechnologien.
Single‐Use Bags for Sampling and Storage Studies – Reflecting the State of the Art
Authors: Rumsfeld Jens , Kubischik Jens
Published: January 2013

Single‐use bags are increasingly implemented in (bio‐)pharmaceutical production processes driven by technical or economic aspects. At the same time the development of single‐use products and equipment for the market is very dynamic, but there is also room for improvement. Specialists of the DECHEMA temporary working group Single‐Use have investigated and summarized the status on two related topics: sampling of single‐use systems and storage studies in small scale bags. Although for sampling and storage studies small scale bags are needed, the requirements are very different in these two applications. Sampling is done very often during processes on routine basis and storage time is usually short. Storage studies are done in preparation and in parallel of a market introduction, which means, that samples are just taken once or a few times and storage time is long.
Changes in the Level of Proteins, Free Amino Acids and Protease Activities of Clarias batrachus in Response to Sodium meta‐arsenite Intoxication
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Banerjee Tarun K.
Published: January 2013

Increased hazard of arsenic toxicity at many provinces of India causing extensive contamination of their wetlands. To illustrate the consequences of the arsenic menace on the aquatic fauna, a nutritionally important freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) was subjected to the stress of sublethal concentration (1 mg/L; 5% of 96‐h LC50 value) of sodium meta‐arsenite. The alterations induced by the arsenic salt on certain biomolecules (proteins, free amino acids (FAA), and protease activities) in five tissue components (muscle, liver, brain skin, and gills) of the fish using biochemical techniques were estimated. Significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the concentration of proteins in all the tissues (19.74–44.84% in muscles; 3.17–49.39% in liver; 10.05–36.16% in brain; 12.62–52.01% in skin and 7.34–61.69% in gills), and significant (p < 0.01) increase in FAA (6.84–269.89% in muscles; 125.89–358.03% in liver; 1.07–152.90% in brain; 29.31–401.62% in skin and 38.53–165.07% in gills), and protease activities (43.59–183.33% in muscles; 19.52–131.90% in liver; 8.85–46.72% in brain; 33.33–261.53% in skin and 25.39–50.79% in gills) of the exposed fish were observed. This increase in amino acids and enzyme activity point out toward breakdown of protein leading to their depletion.
Prediction of Water Temperature as Affected by a Pre‐Constructed Reservoir Project Based on MIKE11
Authors: Wang Qinggai
Published: January 2013

Reservoir construction can lead to much more water stored in front of the dam and significantly increase heat storage capacity of the reservoir waters, thus resulting in different distribution pattern of water temperature in reservoir area compared to river. Especially for large reservoir, the obvious stratification of water temperature will appear in the reservoir with deeper water levels. Meanwhile, the low water temperature will be observed in the downstream river due to the operation of the reservoir. The vertical numerical simulation model for reservoir from MIKE 11 was used to predict the changes of water temperature of Wuxikou Reservoir to check the effects of the reservoir construction on water temperature. The water temperature prediction model was developed to simulate the water temperature of the reservoir and the discharged outflow water. The predicted results can contribute to assessing the feasibility of the pre‐constructed project based on the environmental influence of water temperature.
Comparative Evaluation for Characterization of Produced Water Generated from Oil, Gas, and Oil–Gas Production Fields
Authors: Ozgun Hale , Ersahin Mustafa Evren , Erdem Selime , Atay Burcu , Sayili Sema , Eren Esra , Hoshan Pelin , Atay Doga , Altinbas Mahmut , Kinaci Cumali , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: January 2013

A reliable wastewater characterization is a prerequisite for the selection of an acceptable treatment strategy for produced water which exhibits significant differences due to the varied kinds of wells, seasonal changes, and formation types. A complete characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas, and oil–gas fields in Turkey was performed based on seasonal and locational variations. The results showed that the produced water generated from oil field wells was highly polluted and wastewater volume was higher in comparison to gas and oil–gas field wells. Besides, the characterization of produced water was varying in a wide range based on seasonal and locational variations. Useful relationships were observed between chloride, sodium, bromide, and total dissolved solids concentrations. The results can be used in the design, operation, and optimization of wastewater treatment systems of petroleum and oil industries for future studies.