bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Hybrid Model for Apple Fruit Disease Detection using Multi-Architecture Feature Extraction
Authors: Sandhi Anil , Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Prof. Dinesh , Bhardwaj Reeta
Published: October 2024

The agriculture industry is critical to the global economy, with product quality having a direct impact on marketability and waste management. Apples, one of the most extensively produced fruits, are affected by a variety of diseases that can reduce productivity and quality. Accurate diagnosis of diseases is critical, but traditional manual approaches are time-consuming, error-prone, and ineffective. Inadequate labeled data and a wide range of disease symptoms make it necessary to design an automated, robust, and accurate system. This article describes a hybrid model for Apple Fruit Disease Detection (HMAFDD) that combines the strengths of three pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models: ResNet50, DenseNet121, and EfficientNetB0. It accomplish this by using multi-architecture feature extraction. The hybrid system, which combines both models, is able to recognize a wide range of features, from simple textures to complex patterns unique to a certain diseases. Grad-CAM, or gradient-weighted class activation mapping, creates heatmaps that highlight significant regions for prediction, which enhances the interpretability of the model.To increase robustness and accuracy, techniques such as spectral-shifted adversarial perturbation for data augmentation and spectrally-weighted global average pooling for feature aggregation are used. This technique provides 99.75\% accuracy with minimal processing needs, making it acceptable for real-time applications in agricultural situations. This considerably improves apple disease management.
Determinants of Support for Female Genital Mutilation and its Practice on Young Girls in Northern Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Farman Zahir , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Shokri Azad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread practice that affects millions of girls and women worldwide, violating their human rights and posing significant health risks. This study aims to explore the determinants of support for FGM and its practice on young girls in Northern Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities, and data were collected from 348 women who had undergone FGM and had at least one daughter. The study employed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing agreement with performing FGM and having a daughter undergo FGM. Results: Approximately 10% of women agreed with performing FGM, and 7% reported that their daughters had undergone the procedure. However, among those whose daughters had undergone FGM, a small subgroup expressed disagreement and held strong beliefs against its future occurrence. Religious recommendations and traditional practices were the main reasons cited by women for supporting FGM. Age, education status, marital status, and age of the daughter were found to be significant determinants. Notably, women with daughters above 10 years old and illiterate women exhibited higher odds of supporting FGM. Additionally, women with illiterate husbands were more likely to support the practice. Discussion: This study highlights the persistence of FGM in Northern Iraq and identifies key determinants associated with its practice. Efforts to eradicate FGM should focus on addressing sociocultural factors, promoting education and awareness, and engaging religious leaders and communities. By understanding the motivations behind FGM and targeting interventions accordingly, progress can be made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and advancing gender equality.
Mechanical properties of crystalline–amorphous composites: generalisation of Hall–Petch and inverse Hall–Petch behaviours
Authors: Han Yilong , Xu Zhibin , Li Mengmeng
Published: October 2024

The strength, σy, of a polycrystal decreases with mean grain diameter D at D ≳ 50 atoms (i.e. Hall-Petch behaviour) and increases at D ≲ 50 (i.e. inverse-Hall-Petch behaviour). Our simulations generalise σy(D) to σy(D, l), where l is the mean thickness of grain boundaries. For various particle compositions, the maximum strength is reached at (D, l) ≃ (50, 6) particles for single-component facecentred-cubic solids and at (D, l) ≃ (50, 2) for bidispersed or body-centred-cubic solids because of the different activation stresses of dislocation motions. The results explain recent alloy experiments and provide a way to exceed the maximum strength of polycrystals. Ductility and elastic moduli are also measured in the broad (D, l) space. The regimes without a strength–ductility trade-off, the maximum ductility and ductile–brittle transitions are identified. These results obtained in (D, l) space are important in solid mechanics and can guide the fabrication of crystalline–amorphous composites with outstanding mechanical properties.
Cultural Influences on Personality Types: A Cluster Analysis of HEXACO Traits in Japan
Authors: Tokiwa Eisuke
Published: October 2024

This study aims to identify personality types among Japanese individuals using the HEXACO model, employing cluster analysis based on over 13,000 data points. While research on personality traits has made significant advancements, the existence of personality types remains a subject of debate. To overcome the limitations of existing clustering methods, we applied a combination of Ward’s method and k-means clustering, identifying seven distinct personality types. These types correspond to those suggested by previous studies, while also reflecting unique characteristics of Japanese culture, offering new insights into the personality structure of Japanese individuals. Additionally, the importance of the Honesty-Humility factor within the context of Japanese social norms was highlighted, illustrating the influence of cultural factors on the formation of personality types.
AI-Based Anomaly Detection in Maritime Traffic
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Umair , Syed Muhammad Umer
Published: October 2024

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) plays a crucial part in delivering essential messages concerning maritime traffic. This paper provides a detailed analysis and review of maritime traffic & AIS data systems; their importance and application domains. A detailed review of various techniques and approaches being used for Maritime Anomaly Detection (an important task in the field of maritime surveillance) has been made. Moreover, the emerging trends in use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), entailing both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have also been elaborated. Finally, we use the historical AIS dataset of the US Coastguard to reconstruct the trajectories of vessels and pro- pose Support Vector Regression (SVR), an advanced form of Support Vector Machine (SVM), for the searching anomaly within the data. 1
Polyphenol Inhibition of Human Pancreatic Lipase: An In-Silico Study Towards Obesity Control
Authors: Upadhyaya Siddha Raj , Bashyal Jyoti , Raut Bimal Kumar , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: October 2024

Background: Inhibiting human pancreatic lipase (EC3.1.1.3), a key enzyme in dietary fat breakdown and absorption, is an effective therapeutic approach for obesity control. Polyphenols, due to their multifaceted structure, enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and modulate gut microbiota, offering synergistic effects in controlling obesity.
Methods: Considering the adverse side effects associated with current anti-obesity therapeutics, we explored a library of polyphenols known for their antiobesity properties to explicitly potent HPL inhibitors through extensive in-silicostudy including molecular docking, DFT, MD simulation, PCA, DCCM-based conformational analysis and pharmacokinetic analysis.
Results: Significant binding affinity and interactions with catalytic triad (SER 152, HIS 263, and ASP 176) of HPL through molecular docking, alongside higher MM/GBSA values of -53.29, -52.76, and -53.37 kcal/mol, identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-p-coumarate, (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-(3'-O-methyl gallate), respectively, as potent leads. The DFT study and molecular dynamics simulation affirmed the strong reactivity of these compounds in the catalytic site of HPL and stable protein-ligand complex over 100 ns. FEL, PCA, and DCCM analysis also demonstrated these protein-ligand complexes' stable dynamic behavior and conformational changes. Moreover, post-simulation MMPBSA analysis indicated higher binding free energy and favorable ADMET and drug-likeness pharmacokinetic properties asserted these lead potentials as explicit HPL inhibitors with potential for obesity control.
Conclusion: To sum up, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-p-coumarate, (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-(3'-O-methyl gallate) are identified as promising HPL inhibitors, with potential application in managing obesity due to their stable interaction with the enzyme and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Cultural Aspects of the Transformation of t he Term Podcasting
Authors:   Lomоnosov Moscow State University, Kruglova Lyudmila A.
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a study of the transformation of the very concept of podcasting in domestic scientifi c discourse, in the Russian media fi eld from a cultural point of view. Podcasting is a form of transmission of mainly audio or video materials (VODcasts) to the Internet, which has existed in the world for about twenty years. Today, podcasts are associated not only with spoken audio content, but also with video interviews, and even with voice messages on the social media Telegram. Moreover, a podcast can be understood as almost any work in the digital media space, even text. This work was carried out in 2023 as part of a comprehensive study of the transformation of the audiovisual environment on new technological platforms, which has been carried out by the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University since 2017. The purpose of this stage was to determine what is currently understood by the word podcasting and an attempt to capture its distinctive format features, cultural aspects of the evolution of the concept. The methods used were conceptual and contextual types of analysis. The cognitive approach made it possible to consider the verbalized key concepts of scientifi c discourse. The defi nitions given to podcasting by domestic and foreign researchers, practitioners, market participants in the process of development and formation of the industry, as well as a control group of listeners were analyzed. The authors of this article make an attempt to give the most relevant cultural interpretation of the concept of podcasting. The main conclusion is that Russian-language podcasting, for a number of reasons, is developing along a trajectory that is largely different from the world one, in particular the American one. But its development is complicated by a number of factors, including geopolitical and cultural ones. The concept of “podcasting” will most likely continue its evolutionary movement in search of a more solid position in the sociocultural space. Keywords: podcasting, media system, audiovisual content, social media, broadcasting, formats, genres
On Pushkin, Cultural Continuity and Linguistic Features of Modern Media Discourse
Authors:   Lobachevsky National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University, Savinova Olga N.
Published: October 2024

The article emphasizes the enormous infl uence of the work of Alexander Pushkin on the entire national culture, literature and language. It became the source of the most signifi cant socio-historical, philosophical, aesthetic ideas for all subsequent Russian literature. Personal reader observations related to the classical heritage and language of the modern media space, as well as practical experience in training journalistic personnel, prompted the author to turn to the problem of cultural continuity, which has become relevant in recent years to our society. Attention is drawn to the fact that high school graduates who have chosen the specialty of journalist and public relations specialist have in recent years come to university with a weak background of general cultural knowledge. “Digital” youth, brought up on exams, don`t always give preference to reading original literature.The purpose of the article is to understand the modern process of cultural continuity, cultural and linguistic meanings and features of modern media discourse. Society is based on communication, and communication is impossible without a common system of concepts and values. The author expresses the idea that in the context of the new challenges of our time, society has clearly formulated a request for the preservation of national roots, national culture, domestic classics, the need to preserve the intergenerational cultural code as an urgent task that determines the dynamics of the humanities in general and journalism in particular. Based on the method of theoretical analysis, as well as using the method of content analysis, the author analyzes the specifi c results of a study of the press of the big cities in the Privolzhskiy Federal District, the state of the modern media agenda and changes that have affected the language of modern media. The author concludes that these processes refl ect the transformation of both the press and society. Also, we express an opinion on the need for attention to the issues of the mission of modern media discourse, the infl uence of media on the formation of the spiritual world of modern humanity, its worldview and civic position, which was characteristic of the best traditions of Russian culture. Keywords: Alexander Pushkin, classics, cultural continuity, language of modern media, media discourse, training of journalists
The Existence of Phraseological Units of Journalistic Deception in the Russian Pre-Revolutionary Press
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Sonina Elena S.
Published: October 2024

Fake (false) news today has a global scale. Unfortunately, this fact confi rms the relevance of this study. The word fake is constantly found in modern media, but earlier phraseological units of deception were more common. The article examines the genesis of phraseological units of journalistic deception in the domestic pre-revolutionary press. The author reviewed about 40 periodicals of the Russian Empire, dictionaries, fi ction and ego-documents. The purpose of the study is to form a picture of hostility towards journalistic deception, phraseologically fi xed at the verbal and visual level of Russian periodicals of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Among the many European and domestic studies of phraseological units of journalistic lies, scientists paid almost no attention to the visual context. This article partially fi lls this gap. Illustrated publications of the 1860s–1880s were especially carefully reviewed to identify early visual images associated with phraseological units of journalistic lies. The research is based on the principles of historicism and systematicity; the methodology of the history of concepts and the history of images was used. During a continuous and selective review of Russian pre-revolutionary periodicals, 38 verbal examples of the use of phraseological units of journalistic deception and 69 visual examples were identifi ed. The most common are the word pouf and the phraseological unit newspaper hoax, much less often magazine hoax, literary hoax, political hoax, etc. The word pouf in the context of deception appeared in Russian journalism from the late 1830s and began to be widely used in the 1840s. The phraseological unit newspaper hoax entered the Russian language in the late 1850s, since the 1860s it had become understandable to most readers and was actively used by the domestic press throughout the pre-revolutionary period. Among the most desirable prospects for this research should be the identifi cation of phraseological units of journalistic deception in Russian periodicals of the early twentieth century. In this case, special attention should be paid to the poorly studied visual area. Keywords: Russian pre-revolutionary journalism, phraseology, journalistic deception, fake, pouf, newspaper hoax
Identification of Subsurface Geological Structures from Gravity Data by Modelling Techniques in Kalak-Bardarash Area, West of Erbil City Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ghaib Fadhil A. , Mohammed A. Ahmad Salaee
Published: October 2024

A quantitative interpretation of gravity anomalies in the Kalak-Bardarash area, west of Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, was performed using two-dimensional analysis techniques. These techniques modeled geological structures identified from a previously created Bouguer anomaly map of the area. Five profiles were selected for the analysis, resulting in eight models constructed for both deep and shallow-seated rock units. The deep-seated rocks are represented by the basement rocks, with models constructed in the NNE-SSW, WNW-ESE, and NW-SE directions using the regional anomaly component. The depth of the basement rocks ranges from five to nine kilometers and is affected by numerous faults in the form of graben and step structures. The basement rock surface slopes towards the NE and ESE at a gradient of 110 m/km. The shallow-seated rocks are represented by the sedimentary cover, which includes Neogene, Paleogene, and Cretaceous-aged groups of formations. The residual component of the anomalies of the five profiles were interpreted. Three profiles, oriented NNE-SSW and nearly perpendicular to the main anticlinal structure, revealed that the Bardarash anticline is influenced by two faults striking both limbs and extending in the NNW-SSE direction, with an estimated throw of 200 meters on each side. The southern fault is believed to extend down to the basement rocks. The other two profiles, oriented NW-SE and nearly perpendicular to the Zab River, indicated the presence of two additional faults with a throw of approximately 600 meters in the deeper parts striking the basement rocks, dipping towards the southeast. The throw of these faults gradually decreases upward in the sedimentary cover, reaching about 200 meters. These faults directly influence the course of the Zab River, directing it in a NE-SW direction at this district.
Generating of A Dynamic and Secure S-Box for AES Block Cipher System Based on Modified Hexadecimal Playfair Cipher
Authors: Newroz Nooralddin Abdulrazaq
Published: October 2024

In today's digital world, the extensive use of devices, including smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and the internet, emphasizes the necessity for strong security measures. These measures are essential to safeguard both user data and sensitive government information. As technology advances, the enhancement of cryptographic methods becomes imperative, ensuring alignment with this rapid progression. This paper introduces a novel approach to encrypting classified data using the modified AES cipher system. It employs a dynamic and secure substitution byte operation with a 4×4 matrix, replacing the static and public 16×16 S-box found in the original version of AES. To construct the presented S-box, the system makes a secret key of 56 bytes (4×14 Rounds), where each round of the AES-256 utilizes 4 bytes to generate a 4×4 Hexadecimal Playfair matrix. By altering the S-boxes in each round and block (where each block utilizes AES key expansion to generate a 56-byte secret key for the Playfair matrix), it becomes feasible to produce distinct encrypted blocks even when the original blocks remain identical. In terms of security, the effectiveness of the provided method has been verified by experimental and analytical studies including the Avalanche effect, Balanced output, Hamming distance, and Time complexity.  The result shows that the Avalanche effect of the proposed method exceeds 50% and increase the time of brute force attack. Moreover, the proposed algorithm exhibits impressive execution speed, handling approximately 200 KB in just one second.
История становления и развития Краснодарской научной медицинской школы анестезиологии и реаниматологии
Authors: Малышев Ю. П. , Редько Андрей Николаевич , Романцов В. В. , Веселова Д. В. , Бедоева К. О. , Трембач Н. В.
Published: October 2024

Today, a relevant aspect of developing a competent understanding of medicine as a complex science interconnected with a number of humanities disciplines is to consider its history through the prism of the most outstanding research teams of scientific medical schools. The presented article is devoted to consideration of the historical path of formation and development of the scientific medical school of anesthesiology and resuscitation in Kuban. The authors provide data on the prerequisites (conditions for improving knowledge about anesthesiology and resuscitation in the region) and the main stage of this process. The materials of the historiographic research were data from archival funds, in particular the state archive of the Krasnodar Territory and the Museum of History of the Kuban State Medical University, personal collections of members of the scientific school, as well as specialized literature within the scope of the work. The research methodology involved the use of chronological, biographical, analytical and narrative methods.
The agronomic characteristics and combining ability of glutinous Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile rice (Oryza sativa) lines
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Huong Dang Thi , Huyen Tran Thi , Cham Le Thi Tuyet , Ha Chu Duc , Loc Nguyen Van , Quang Tran Van
Published: October 2024

Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa), despite its unique culinary qualities, typically yields less than other rice varieties, posing agricultural and economic challenges. The construction of a glutinous thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice variety could indeed be a way to improve the yield and cultivation efficiency of glutinous rice. Among them, the two-line system operates by crossing a TGMS line, which is sterile at high temperatures but fertile at lower temperatures, with a normal fertile line. In this study, we conducted to access morphological characteristics and combining ability of some glutinous TGMS lines. The parental lines were characterized on 13 agronomic traits including growth duration, plant height, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, panicle length, rachis length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of panicles per plant, percentage of filled grains, P1000 seeds, grain yield, and amylose content. The obtained results revealed significant variations in growth traits, yield, and amylose content of studied rice lines. Hierarchical clustering based on principal component analysis of rice lines on all measured traits showed three major clusters with high genetic diversity. Furthermore, fifteen glutinous TGMS rice lines and three testers were used in a Line x Tester mating system to produce 45 hybrids. The 45 hybrids were evaluated on 6 traits related to grain yield and morphology in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications. A line x tester analysis was conducted to estimate the combining ability, genetic variance, and the contribution of parental lines to genetic variation in hybrids. These findings were valuable for rice breeders to orient the strategy for breeding of hybrid glutinous rice varieties with high efficiency.
In vitro germination and establishment of Platonia insignis Mart. from immature fruit and seed rescue
Authors: Vieira Karina da Silva , Alves Givago Lopes , Felipe Sérgio Heitor Sousa , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Albuquerque Irislene Souza , Dutra Tácila Rayene Marinho , Figueiredo Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis , Reis Fabrício de Oliveira , Ferraz Tiago Massi , Batista Diego Silva , Corrêa Thais Roseli
Published: October 2024

Platonia insignis Mart. is a species native to the Brazilian Amazon that has fruits of high commercial value and potential use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the techniques for its propagation are limited. In the present study, we aimed to establish P. insignis in vitro by germinating immature seeds from the fruit. Immature fruits were collected, disinfected, and their seeds were placed in the following culture media (50 mL): agar + distilled water; MS0 (no growth regulators); MS + 1 μM BAP; MS + 2 μM BAP; MS + 3 μM BAP; MS + 1 μM GA3; MS + 2 μM GA3; and MS + 3 μM GA3 in a growth chamber at 24 ± 2 ºC in the dark, until shoot emergence. Callus formation, oxidation, germination, number of seedlings, shoot emergence, radicle, and shoot length were measured every 15 days after inoculation (DAI). At 60 DAI, seedlings grown without growth regulators had higher or equal values for all variables than those cultivated with growth regulators. The in vitro germination and establishment of P. insignis were efficient and feasible and could contribute to its domestication by reducing the germination time to approximately 60 days, producing homogeneous plants in a short period, and making it possible to explore other biotechnological techniques for this species.
Efficacy of a Local Isolate of Metarhizium pinghaense Against Females of Margarodes prieskaensis (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Field Trials
Authors: Allsoppe Elleunorah , Erasmus Talitha , Mathulwe Letodi L. , Stokwe Nomakholwa F.
Published: October 2024

he indigenous soil-dwelling scale insect, Margarodes prieskaensis, can severely damage and even kill grapevines in the northern grape-growing regions of South Africa. There are no registered means of control, and soil applications of insecticides raise environmental concerns. Using local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) that are better adapted to local conditions to target female margarodes could add a valuable biocontrol component to an integrated management strategy. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a local isolate of Metarhizium pinghaense against M. prieskaensis females under field conditions. Dry conidia suspended in water and 0.05% v/v Tween 20, applied as a soil drench, achieved 19.1% and 17.7% infection of margarode females in the Northern Cape and Limpopo, respectively, in 2021. Conidia stored in canola oil, suspended in water and 0.05% v/v Tween 20 and applied as a soil drench achieved infection rates of 38.5% and 62.8%, respectively, at the same sites in 2022. These results confirm the importance of formulating conidia for protection against adverse environmental conditions to improve EPF efficacy in the field. This study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of M. pinghaense against margarode females at the soil surface and confirms the potential of this EPF for the biological control of margarodes.
Response of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinotage to Irrigation Strategy and Trellis System in the Breede River Valley Region: Vegetative Growth, Yield and Juice Characteristics
Authors: Howell C.L. , Myburgh P. A.
Published: October 2024

Pinotage is a South African bred red wine cultivar and is second only to Shiraz in terms of the country’s wine exports. Since rainfall in the Breede River region is low, vineyards in this region depend on irrigation. The sensitivity of Pinotage/99R to water deficits and the most suitable irrigation strategy during water restrictions were studied in a field trial from 1998/99 until 2000/01. The possibility to produce more grapes with the same volume of irrigation water was also investigated. Irrigation strategies entailed combinations of 50% readily available water (RAW) depletion, 75% RAW depletion and no irrigation between various phenological stages, viz. budbreak, flowering, pea size berries, véraison, 17°B and harvest. Irrigation applied at 50% RAW depletion from budbreak in September until harvest in February was regarded as the control. Each experiment plot was split into a six-strand vertical hedge and a two-tier vertical trellis. The experiment layout was a split plot, randomised block design. Cane mass of grapevines on the two-tier trellis was lower compared to those on the six-strand hedge. Irrigation at 75% RAW depletion level until harvest tended to reduce cane mass compared to more frequent irrigation. Drier soil conditions reduced berry mass, regardless of the trellis system. Sustained water deficits reduced yield, but had little effect on juice acidity and pH. More Pinotage grapes were produced on the two-tier vertical trellis compared to the six-strand hedge with the same amount of irrigation, thereby reducing the blue water footprint and increasing the irrigation water use efficiency substantially.
Penetration of a Silicon Vapor through Residual Gaseous Medium during Siliconizing of a Carbon Composite Material
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia, Demin V.A. , Demina T.V. , Zinurova V.E. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Perm, Russia
Published: October 2024

A new physical and mathematical approach is proposed for the description of a silicon vapor high-temperature transfer from the melt mirror to the surface of absorbing carbon porous medium in an atmosphere of residual gas under moderate vacuum conditions. The general hydrodynamic equations are simplified as much as possible and lead to the model, which is intended for further numerical implementation in the course of simulation the non-stationary three-dimensional process of high-temperature siliconizing of porous carbon products of arbitrary shape and under the condition of complex distribution of silicon sources and sinks. The physical and mathematical model of transport consists of only one non-linear differential equation in partial derivatives for the silicon vapor concentration in the atmosphere of argon or any other residual gas. The main achievement consists of obtaining two stationary analytical solutions for plane and cylindrical geometry in one-dimensional formulation of the problem, which explain the anomalously large silicon vapor flux into the porous material in full-scale experiments. The exact solutions for the studied gas mixtures are expressed in terms of the well-known verified values of material parameters. The high degree of the model usability is supported by numerical simulation in a non-steady two-dimensional case. It has shown that despite the low saturation density of gaseous silicon, the vapor-liquid phase process of high-temperature siliconizing of the carbon material is physically possible in a reasonable time.
Natural fluctuations of the liquid in vertical and horizontal wells
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Nasyrova D.A.
Published: October 2024

Currently, hydraulic fracturing (FRACKING) technology is widely used in oil production. Cracks are created in the formation, fixed with propants to prevent them from closing. The paper considers the natural fluctuations of the liquid in a vertical oil well with a closed upper boundary and in a horizontal well with multiple fracturing. Based on a mathematical model describing the movement of a column of liquid in a well and filtration in a bottomhole zone exposed to hydraulic fracturing, solutions to the problem of intrinsic damping vibrations of a column of liquid in a well are obtained. We have obtained a characteristic equation for determining the natural frequencies of vibrations. The dependences of natural frequency, attenuation coefficient and attenuation decrement on crack conductivity and reservoir permeability are investigated.
A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Advancements in Imaging Segmentation and Registration Techniques for Glioblastoma and Focusing on the Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
Authors: Alnawafleh Tasnim M. , Radzi Yasmin , Alshipli Marwan , Oglat Ammar A. , Alflahat Ahmad
Published: October 2024

:

The most common primary malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) diagnosis is difficult. However, image
segmentation and registration methods may simplify and automate Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan
analysis. Medical practitioners and researchers can better identify and characterize glioblastoma tumors using this technology. Many segmentation
and registration approaches have been proposed recently. Note that these approaches are not fully compiled. This review efficiently and critically
evaluates the state-of-the-art segmentation and registration techniques for MRI and CT GBM images, providing researchers, medical professionals,
and students with a wealth of knowledge to advance GBM imaging and inform decision-making. GBM's origins and development have been
examined, along with medical imaging methods used to diagnose tumors. Image segmentation and registration were examined, showing their
importance in this difficult task. Frequently encountered glioblastoma segmentation and registration issues were examined. Based on these
theoretical foundations, recent image segmentation and registration advances were critically analyzed. Additionally, evaluation measures for
analytical efforts were thoroughly reviewed.
The Effect of Landscape Composition on The Diversity and Abundance of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cabbage Cultivation Area
Authors: Amalia Dinda Rayhan , Rizali Akhmad
Published: October 2024

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is a vegetable with significant potential for cultivation due to its high economic value. However, cabbage production experiences fluctuations each year primarily due to pest factors. To control these pests, natural enemies such as ants can be utilized. Ants are highly sensitive to changes in their habitat, making them known as environmental bioindicators. Additionally, landscape structure can influence the presence of insects, including predators and parasitoids. This study aims to determine the effects of cultivation methods, habitat conditions, and landscape composition on ant diversity and abundance. The research was conducted from November 2022 to May 2023 across 12 fields in four different sub-districts: Pujon, Tumpang, Poncokusumo, and Purwodadi. The research process included landscape mapping and characterization, determination of observation plots, trap installation and sampling, species identification, collection of supporting data, and data analysis. The study yielded a total of 4,053 individuals representing 26 genera and 52 morphospecies. The ant species with the highest abundance was Lophomyrmex sp.3, while the greatest diversity was observed within the genus Tetramorium. Insecticide application and plant age did not significantly affect ant diversity and abundance; however, elevation did influence ant abundance. Additionally, landscape composition, particularly the class area (CA) of natural habitats, correlated positively with both ant diversity and abundance.
Polyculed: A Writer’s Tale of Surviving the Pandemic and a Polycule
Authors: Linforth Christopher
Published: October 2024

Through the lens of life writing, this essay explores contemporary and historical polyamory and its relationship with identity-formation and artistic personae. In particular, the essay triangulates the lives of Virginia Woolf and members of the Bloomsbury Set with a current-day polycule of artists. Polyamorous sexual identities and politics are further explored through descriptive depictions of social class, mobility, and wealth, especially within the realm of academia, and examines how the resultant poly lifestyle bears upon the lives of creative writers, literary scholars, and artists.
Challenges of Applying Circular Economy in Agricultural Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Kurdistan Province, Iran
Authors: Haji-Rahimi Mahmood , Bahmanzad Kiana , Ghaderzadeh Hamed
Published: October 2024

Current production and distribution models in agriculture primarily operate based on the 'linear economy' approach. This means that after the exploitation of natural resources and the production of the final product, a significant portion of these resources and products, now contaminated or turned into waste, exit the economic cycle. The circular economy approach in agriculture seeks to reuse waste products and depleted inputs, thereby reducing the intensity of resource exploitation and taking a step towards sustainable agriculture. However, applying circular economy concepts in agriculture across different regions, especially in developing countries like Iran, can encounter various obstacles and challenges. The present study aims to identify and analyze these obstacles and challenges in the agriculture sector of Kurdistan Province, one of Iran’s key agricultural regions. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and gathering expert opinions from the province's agrarian elites, 16 challenging factors were identified as potential barriers to expanding the circular economy in Kurdistan Province. These were examined and analyzed using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. The required data were collected via a questionnaire in the spring of 2024. The research findings indicate that among the 16 factors analyzed, the key variables are the second, first, and third factors—namely, the illiteracy and low literacy rates among farmers, traditional and subsistence farming, and the small size and fragmentation of agricultural lands in Kurdistan Province. According to the experts and specialists interviewed, addressing these variables can significantly influence others, reducing the barriers and challenges facing the circular agricultural economy and the sustainable development of agriculture in Kurdistan Province.
Cytogenetic and ISSR-Markers Polymorphism in the Population of Local Ukrainian Lebedyn Cows
Authors: Starodub Lyubov , Mokhnachova Nataliia , Zhukorskyi Ostap
Published: October 2024

Preservation of the fund of local breeds of agricultural animals, which are breeding material for the creation of new ones and the improvement of existing ones, meets the requirements of the FAO - the protection of biological diversity. The study of the genetic structure of cows of the local Lebedyn breed, which was bred in Ukraine, with the use of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, is aimed at establishing information about the structure of the gene pool of these animals and the uniqueness of their genotype.
Cytogenetic monitoring showed that the modal number of chromosomes corresponded to the species norm and was 2n=60, no constitutional abnormalities in the form of Robertsonian translocations were detected, the average frequency of genomic disorders (aneuploidy) was 10,2±2,10%, polyploidy was not manifested. structural disorders (chromosomal breaks) accounted for 3,1±1,88% and asynchronous separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes – 0,8±0,10%. The average share of cytogenetic parameters of cells was determined: lymphocytes with micronucleus – 3,6±0,61‰, binucleus lymphocytes – 4,3±0,97‰ and mitotic index – 3,7±1,20‰.
An analysis of the genetic structure of the local, small-numbered Lebedyn cattle breed of Ukraine was carried out using 8 ISSR-systems. All 8 microsatellite primers showed high efficiency. ISSR labeling revealed 88 amplified DNA fragments, of which only 18 were polymorphic. The total share of polymorphic loci was 25,45%. 11 species-specific loci for (ACC)6G, 5 loci for (CTC)6C, 10 for (GAG)6C, 7 for (GA)6CC, 10 for (AG)8CG, 9 for (AG)8CA, 13 for (GA)9C and 14 for (AG)9C.
It was established that the studied animals were characterized by karyotype stability, reduced sensitivity to mutagenic factors of various nature, absence of inbreeding depression and reproductive isolation.
Bridging Data and Insight: Leveraging LLMs and Agent-Based Systems for Scientific Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Peasley Dale , Kuplicki Rayus , Sen Sandip , Paulus Martin
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This research introduces LIBR-TU Research Agent (LITURAt), a novel AI-powered system designed to facilitate the exploration of relationships within scientific datasets, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) and an agent-based architecture. By integrating local dataset analysis with relevant literature retrieval, LITURAt enables users of all expertise levels to extract insights from complex datasets. Our system employs a plan-and-solve approach, combining dynamic calculations and literature contextualization to answer user queries with high accuracy. Experiments using the Tulsa 500 dataset demonstrated strong internal and external consistency, with over 90% agreement in results, and an accuracy rating of 80.3% in alignment with GPT-4 evaluations. LITURAt’s ability to break down complex queries into manageable steps allows for the analysis of multi-variable relationships and predictive capacities, making it versatile in addressing a wide range of scientific questions. However, limitations such as model stability during highly complex tasks, dependence on dataset quality, and the inherent challenges of pre-trained LLMs must be addressed. Despite these challenges, LITURAt represents a significant advancement in democratizing access to scientific data, offering a promising tool for researchers and non-experts alike to engage with and derive insights from experimental data. Future enhancements, including improved summarization techniques and the incorporation of multiple data sources, will further extend its utility across diverse scientific disciplines.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Sushartami Wiwik
Published: October 2024

Tourism has served as and remains a significant driver of national development in many countries. Adopting a critical perspective in the field of tourism studies towards this circumstance will be advantageous for both the tourism sector and academia.   The Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contributes to the broader field of tourism studies, which aims to enhance the prosperity of the worldwide community. The current edition of the Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contains the five articles listed below:The Impact Between Self-Efficacy and Community Engagement on Psychological Empowerment in a Gender-Focused Tourism Curriculum: Insights from the WTIDcamp 2023 ProgramImplementasi Geointerpretasi berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Destinasi Wisata Minat Khusus Gua Cerme, Bantul, YogyakartaVoluntrip atau Voluntrap? Mengungkap Permasalahan Etis dalam Voluntourism for Profit: Studi Kasus Project Bakti Milenial #6 Banda NeiraBehind Many Visages: The Waluku Cultivating Civilization Tour as Part of the Visitor Flow Management Program in the Borobudur DistrictKrisis Kelembagaan Pariwisata: Studi Kasus Kampung Susu Lawu, Magetan, Jawa TimurThe Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies aims to promote the growth of tourism studies in the framework of scientific production and benefit a wider range of practical areas of the tourism industry by allowing for more critical and in-depth discussion in each article.
The Impact Between Self-Efficacy and Community Engagement on Psychological Empowerment in a Gender-Focused Tourism Curriculum: Insights from the WTIDcamp 2023 Program
Authors: Monica Anindwitya Rizqi
Published: October 2024

In numerous studies, psychological empowerment is considered crucial for assessing the extent to which individuals perceive their ability to shape their roles and overcome job difficulties (Speitzer, 1995). As an industry, tourism stands out as one of the sectors predominantly occupied by women, accounting for as much as 55% (UN Women, 2020), thus frequently utilized as a tool for empowerment by various stakeholders (Staudt, 1990; Scheyvens, 2000; Chevalier, 2023). Consequently, it is intriguing to examine how psychological empowerment is construed by tourism workers. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of self-efficacy and community engagement on the psychological empowerment of participants in the WTID Camp 2023. WTID Camp 2023 is a program initiated by Women in Tourism Indonesia aimed at raising awareness among tourism students and fresh graduates regarding the importance of gender equality in the Indonesian tourism industry workforce. This study employed quantitative research using multiple linear regression analysis (Sugiyono, 2010), where multiple linear regression aimed to predict the fluctuations in the dependent variable when two or more independent variables were manipulated (increased or decreased in value). There were 56 samples comprising tourism students participating in the WTID Camp 2023, aged between 18 and 24 years. Data were obtained through questionnaires constructed using Likert scales. The results indicate that community engagement significantly influences psychological empowerment. Similarly, self-efficacy significantly influences community engagement. However, self-efficacy does not significantly influence psychological empowerment.
Kata Satuan Bahasa Korea dalam bidang Kuliner
Authors: Lintang Ridwan Giffary , Kesuma Tri Mastoyo Jati
Published: October 2024

Measure word is a group of words functions as a noun counter and complementing a numeral. Each language has a different set and types of measure words. Korean has a lot of measure words and it is used based on the semantic feature of the counted noun. This paper examines types of Korean measure words in a culinary-related text. Data were collected from recipes written in Korean. Then, Data were classified and analyzed to see the similarities and differences between those measure words. Our results showed that there are four types of Korean measure words. First, measure words that are standard measurement units (e.g geuraem 'gram' and litheo 'liter'). Second, measure words that are Korean traditional measurement units like geun. Third, measure words that came from measuring tools like byeong 'bottle' and keunsul 'spoon' and the last, measure words that are classifiers. In a phrasal structure, measure words placed after the numeral, and the noun is mainly placed before the numeral but it also can be placed after the measure words by adding a genitive particle -eui between the measure word and noun. Commonly-used measure words and classifiers that have one-to-one equivalent word in Indonesian will be easier to learn by learners from Indonesian background.
Cross-Cultural Pragmatics Analysis in the Speech of European and Indonesian Football Match Commentators
Authors: Fadillah Arif
Published: October 2024

This study aims to describe the form of pragmatic speech acts and the form of comparison in football match commentators in Europe and Indonesia. This research will focus on contrasting the speech forms of football match commentators in Europe and commentators in Indonesia. The data in this study are in the form of speech of football match commentators in Europe and in Indonesia. The data were obtained from YouTube accounts of football matches. After the data is found and recorded, the researcher conducts data reduction. After the data is reduced, the researcher analyzes the data. This research uses speech act theory to describe each comment. After the types of speech acts in the two languages are described, the researcher then constructs each form of comment in both languages. This study found that illocutionary speech acts are found in football commentators in Europe and Indonesia. However, the illocutionary speech act of expression of gratitude is only found in Indonesian football commentators. In addition, the forms of utterances in football commentary are influenced by social factors such as religion and history. This research will contribute to seeing the distinctive forms of speech of football commentators in Europe and Indonesia.