bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ancient truncated duplication of the anti‐Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 gene is a potential conserved master sex determinant in the Pangasiidae catfish family
Authors: Wen Ming , Pan Qiaowei , Jouanno Elodie , Montfort Jerome , Zahm Margot , Cabau Cédric , Klopp Christophe , Iampietro Carole , Roques Céline , Bouchez Olivier , Castinel Adrien , Donnadieu Cécile , Parrinello Hugues , Poncet Charles , Belmonte Elodie , Gautier Véronique , Avarre Jean‐Christophe , Dugue Remi , Gustiano Rudhy , Hà Trần Thị Thúy , Campet Marc , Sriphairoj Kednapat , Ribolli Josiane , de Almeida Fernanda L. , Desvignes Thomas , Postlethwait John H. , Bucao Christabel Floi , Robinson‐Rechavi Marc , Bobe Julien , Herpin Amaury , Guiguen Yann
Published: April 2022

The evolution of sex determination (SD) in teleosts is amazingly dynamic, as reflected by the variety of different master sex‐determining genes identified. Pangasiids are economically important catfishes in South Asian countries, but little is known about their SD system. Here, we generated novel genomic resources for 12 Pangasiids and characterized their SD system. Based on a Pangasianodon hypophthalmus chromosome‐scale genome assembly, we identified an anti‐Müllerian hormone receptor type Ⅱ gene (amhr2) duplication, which was further characterized as being sex‐linked in males and expressed only in testes. These results point to a Y chromosome male‐specific duplication (amhr2by) of the autosomal amhr2a. Sequence annotation revealed that the P. hypophthalmus Amhr2by is truncated in its N‐terminal domain, lacking the cysteine‐rich extracellular part of the receptor that is crucial for ligand binding, suggesting a potential route for its neofunctionalization. Reference‐guided assembly of 11 additional Pangasiids, along with sex‐linkage studies, revealed that this truncated amhr2by duplication is a male‐specific conserved gene in Pangasiids. Reconstructions of the amhr2 phylogeny suggested that amhr2by arose from an ancient duplication/insertion event at the root of the Siluroidei radiation that is dated to ~100 million years ago. Together these results bring multiple lines of evidence supporting that amhr2by is an ancient and conserved master sex‐determining gene in Pangasiids, a finding that highlights the recurrent use of the transforming growth factor β pathway, which is often used for the recruitment of teleost master SD genes, and provides another empirical case towards firther understanding of dynamics of SD systems.
Increased activation of cGAS‐STING pathway enhances radiosensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Xue Aiying , Shang Yue , Jiao Peng , Zhang Songling , Zhu Changchun , He Xin , Feng Guoxing , Fan Saijun
Published: April 2022

Background

Radiotherapy is an effective therapeutic approach widely used clinically in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but radioresistance remains a major challenge. New and effective radiosensitizing approaches are thus urgently needed. The activation of DNA‐sensing cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has become an attractive therapeutic target, but the relationship between activation of cGAS‐STING pathway and radiosensitization of NSCLC cells remains unknown.

Methods

Considering low expression of cGAS‐STING pathway genes in NSCLC, including STING, we used an activator (STING agonist, dimeric amidobenzimidazole [diABZI]) of cGAS‐STING pathway and increased activation factor (DNA double strand breaks) of cGAS‐STING pathway to respectively reinforce the activation of cGAS‐STING pathway in NSCLC cells. We then investigated the effect of increased activation of cGAS‐STING pathway on the proliferation of H460 and A549 cells by CCK‐8 and colony formation assays, and revealed the underlying mechanism.

Results

We found that both diABZI and the increased DNA double strand breaks could sensitize NSCLC cells to irradiation. Mechanically, our results showed that the increased activation of cGAS‐STING pathway enhanced radiosensitivity by promoting apoptosis in NSCLC cells.

Conclusion

Taken together, we concluded that diABZI could be used as a radiosensitizer in NSCLC cells, and targeting the activation of cGAS‐STING pathway has a potential to be a new approach for NSCLC radiosensitizing.
Mubritinib enhanced the inhibiting function of cisplatin in lung cancer by interfering with mitochondrial function
Authors: Dong Jingyao , Zhu Dongshan , Chen Mengmeng , Wang Taiwei , Gao Yan , Liu Wei
Published: April 2022

Background

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Cisplatin, a widely used anti‐lung cancer drug, has been limited in clinical application due to its drug resistance. Medicines targeting mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes may be effective candidates for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

In this study, the small molecule drug library from Food and Drug Administration FDA was used to screen for medicines targeting ETC. MTT and colony formation assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Wound scratch and transwell assays were used to detect migration and invasion abilities. The activities of the ETC complex were tested using kits. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expressions of related proteins. A mouse xenograft model was constructed to verify the antitumor effect in vivo.

Results

The results showed that mubritinib can reduce the activation of the PI3K/mTOR signal pathway, disrupt mitochondrial function, significantly increase ROS levels and induce oxidative stress, and ultimately exert its antitumor effect against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the combination of cisplatin and mubritinib can improve the tumor‐suppressive effect of cisplatin.

Conclusion

Mubritinib can upregulate intracellular ROS concentration and cell apoptosis, inhibit the PI3K signaling pathway and interfere with the function of mitochondria, thus reducing cell proliferation and increasing ROS induced apoptosis by reducing the activation of Nrf2 by PI3K.
COVID‐19 patients with documented alcohol use disorder or alcohol‐related complications are more likely to be hospitalized and have higher all‐cause mortality
Authors: Bailey Kristina L. , Sayles Harlan , Campbell James , Khalid Neha , Anglim Madyson , Ponce Jana , Wyatt Todd A. , McClay James C. , Burnham Ellen L. , Anzalone Alfred , Hanson Corrine
Published: April 2022

Background

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has affected every country globally, with hundreds of millions of people infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and over 6 million deaths to date. It is unknown how alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. AUD is known to increase the severity and mortality of bacterial pneumonia and the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our objective is to determine whether individuals with AUD have increased severity and mortality from COVID‐19.

Methods

We utilized a retrospective cohort study of inpatients and outpatients from 44 centers participating in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. All were adult COVID‐19 patients with and without documented AUDs.

Results

We identified 25,583 COVID‐19 patients with an AUD and 1,309,445 without. In unadjusted comparisons, those with AUD had higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94 to 2.06, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and comorbidities, individuals with an AUD still had higher odds of requiring hospitalization (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.51, CI 1.46 to 1.56, p < 0.001). In unadjusted comparisons, individuals with AUD had higher odds of all‐cause mortality (OR 2.18, CI 2.05 to 2.31, p < 0.001). After adjustment as above, individuals with an AUD still had higher odds of all‐cause mortality (aOR 1.55, CI 1.46 to 1.65, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This work suggests that AUD can increase the severity and mortality of COVID‐19 infection. This reinforces the need for clinicians to obtain an accurate alcohol history from patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. For this study, our results are limited by an inability to quantify the daily drinking habits of the participants. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which AUD increases the severity and mortality of COVID‐19.
What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dingwall Kylie M. , Delima Jennifer F. , Binks Paula , Batey Robert , Bowden Stephen C.
Published: April 2022

Background

The primary cause of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is thiamine deficiency, and more than 90% of cases are reported in alcohol‐dependent patients. While observational studies show parenteral thiamine administration drastically reduced WKS‐related mortality, relevant treatment trials have never been conducted to determine the optimum thiamine dose.

Methods

Two double‐blind, parallel groups, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to determine the optimal thiamine dose required for (1) the prevention of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), the acute phase of WKS, in asymptomatic but “at‐risk” alcohol misuse patients (Study 1) and (2) the treatment of WE in symptomatic alcohol misuse patients (Study 2). Each study had a dosage regimen comprising three parenteral thiamine doses that were allocated at a ratio of 1:1:1. Study 1: Asymptomatic At‐Risk patients (N = 393) received either 100 mg daily, 100 mg thrice daily, or 300 mg thrice daily, for 3 days. Study 2: Symptomatic patients (N = 127) received either 100 mg thrice daily, 300 mg thrice daily, or 500 mg thrice daily, for 5 days. Cognitive function was the primary outcome, assessed using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, two Cogstate subtests, and an adapted Story Memory Recall test. Secondary analyses examined differences in neurological function (ataxia, oculomotor abnormalities, and confusion) at follow‐up.

Results

No significant differences were observed between any of the dosage conditions for either Study 1 or Study 2 on cognition or neurological functioning. This real‐world study found that having a clinically unwell target population with high comorbidity and multiple presentations, coupled with challenges in cross‐cultural assessment is likely to complicate RCT findings.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed no clear benefit of high dose thiamine over intermediate or lower doses of thiamine, over the time intervals examined, for the treatment and prevention of cognitive and neurological abnormalities related to WKS. Several study limitations temper the interpretation of these findings. Nevertheless, the absence of conclusive evidence for the superiority of high‐dose thiamine supports a recommendation for patient‐specific treatment, while ensuring that the potential impact of other biochemical factors (e.g., magnesium and other B vitamin deficiencies) are considered and corrected if necessary.
From individual responses to population effects: Integrating a decade of multidisciplinary research on blue whales and sonar
Authors: Pirotta E. , Booth C. G. , Calambokidis J. , Costa D. P. , Fahlbusch J. A. , Friedlaender A. S. , Goldbogen J. A. , Harwood J. , Hazen E. L. , New L. , Santora J. A. , Watwood S. L. , Wertman C. , Southall B. L.
Published: April 2022

As ecosystems transform under climate change and expanding human activities, multidisciplinary integration of empirical research, conceptual frameworks and modelling methods is required to predict, monitor and manage the cascading effects on wildlife populations. For example, exposure to anthropogenic noise can lead to changes in the behaviour and physiology of individual marine mammals, but management is complicated by uncertainties on the long‐term effects at a population level. We build on a decade of diverse efforts to demonstrate the strengths of integrating research on multiple stressors for assessing population‐level effects. Using the case study of blue whales exposed to military sonar in the eastern north Pacific, we model how behavioural responses and environmental effects induced by climate change affect female survival and reproductive success. Environmental changes were predicted to severely affect vital rates, while the current regime of sonar activities was not. Simulated disturbance had a stronger effect on reproductive success than adult survival, as predicted by life‐history theory. We show that information on prey resources is critical for robust predictions, as are data on baseline behavioural patterns, energy budgets, body condition and contextual responses to noise. These results will support effective management of the interactions between sonar operations and blue whales in the study area, while providing pragmatic guidance for future data collection to reduce key uncertainties. Our study provides important lessons for the successful integration of multidisciplinary research to inform the assessment of the effects of noise and other anthropogenic stressors on marine predator populations in the context of a changing environment.
Genomic analysis of 10 years of artificial selection in community‐based breeding programs in two Ethiopian indigenous sheep breeds
Authors: Rekik Emna , Ahbara Abulgasim M. , Abate Zelalem , Goshme Shenkute , Getachew Tesfaye , Haile Aynalem , Rischkowsky Barbara , Mwacharo Joram M.
Published: April 2022

In recent times, community‐based breeding programs (CBBPs) have been advocated as the best strategy for genetic improvement of local breeds in smallholder farms in developing countries. Since 2009, CBBPs have been implemented for Ethiopian Bonga and Menz sheep to improve growth rates resulting in significant genetic gains in 6‐month weights. With the hypothesis that selection could be impacting their genomes, we systematically screened for possible genome changes in the two breeds by analyzing 600K BeadChip genotype data of 151 individuals (with the highest breeding values for 6‐month weights) from CBBP flocks against 98 individuals from non‐CBBP flocks. We observed no differences in genetic diversity and demographic dynamics between CBBP and non‐CBBP flocks. Selection signature analysis employing ROH, logistic regression genome‐wide association study ,FST, XP‐EHH and iHS revealed 5 (Bonga) and 11 (Menz) overlapping regions under selection, that co‐localized with QTLs for production (body size/weight, growth, milk yield), meat/milk quality, and health/parasite resistance, suggesting that the decade‐long selection has likely started to impact their genomes. However, genome‐wide genetic differentiation between the CBBP and non‐CBBP flocks is not yet clearly evident.
Scrutinising the role of simvastatin in a patient of Pachyonychia Congenita with KRT6A gene mutation
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Dayal Surabhi , Aggarwal Kamal , Gowda V.M Varsha , Kaur Rupinder
Published: April 2022

A 25‐year‐old male patient presented with palmoplantar keratoderma, dystrophic nails, severe plantar pain and oral leukokeratosis since birth. On genetic analysis, a heterozygous KRT6A gene missense mutation (c.1381G > A, p.Glu461Lys in exon 7) was identified by next‐generation sequencing technology, consistent with pachyonychia congenita 6a. Oral simvastatin 40 mg was started once daily, and after 16 weeks of therapy, excellent improvement was noted in palmoplantar keratoderma and plantar pain. The maximum thickness of his foot callosity reduced by 4 mm on ultrasonography, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index score dropped significantly by eight points. These benefits may be attributed to inhibition of KRT6A gene expression, modulation of autophagy and mitophagy and Keap1‐Nrf2 signalling activation; the latter two mechanisms of statins previously undiscussed in the context of pachyonychia congenita. Simvastatin and other statins are pathogenesis‐targeted, disease‐modifying therapy in pachyonychia congenita, therefore qualifying as a promising treatment avenue and warranting further clinical trials.
Guidelines for the peri‐operative management of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Thomas H. , Plummer C. , Wright I. J. , Foley P. , Turley A. J.
Published: April 2022

This document provides practical guidance for the management of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices who are undergoing surgical intervention. Increasing numbers of people have cardiac device implants including pacemakers, implantable defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation devices. During surgical procedures, exposure to electromagnetic interference may lead to inappropriate device function including withholding of pacing function or shock therapies. The guideline summarises key aspects of pre‐operative assessment protocols to ensure that all people have their device clearly identified and have had appropriate device follow‐up pre‐operatively. It outlines general measures which can minimise the risk of potentially problematic electromagnetic interference in the surgical environment. It also includes detailed guidance according to the type of device, whether individuals are dependent on the pacing function of the device and the nature of the procedure they are undergoing. People identified as being at significant risk of harmful procedure‐related inappropriate device function may require temporary alteration to the device programming. This may be carried out by a trained cardiac physiologist using a device programmer or, in some cases, can be achieved by clinical magnet application. Guidance on the safe use of magnets and emergency situations is included. Common diagnostic procedures and dental interventions are covered. The guidance aims to provide specific and pragmatic advice which can be applied to provide safe and streamlined care for people with cardiac implantable devices.
Rapid wide QRS tachycardia with an unknown cause
Authors: Hu Dalong , Li Jingxiu
Published: April 2022

One‐to‐one atrioventricular conduction during atrial flutter is one of the most severe life‐threatening arrhythmias and is hemodynamically perilous. Rapid wide QRS tachycardia often not only occurs in patients with ventricular tachycardia but is also found in supraventricular tachycardia/atrial flutter with preexistent QRS prolongation, supraventricular tachycardia/atrial flutter with QRS prolongation caused by an IC antiarrhythmic drug, and supraventricular tachycardia/atrial flutter with preexcitation. Furthermore, atrial flutter with 1:1 AVC via an accessory pathway is an uncommon presentation of Wolff‐Parkinson–White syndrome. We present a case of atrial flutter with 1:1 rapid AVC in the presence of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Physicians should be familiar with the rapid wide QRS complex ECG pattern associated with AFL with 1:1 AVC via an accessory pathway. Establishing the definitive diagnosis is essential for selecting an appropriate treatment strategy for improving outcomes.
Getting a grip in the middle of chaos: Preparing for preterm parenthood during a high‐risk pregnancy – Parental experiences and needs
Authors: Ruhe Kiki , van den Hoogen Agnes , Bröring‐Starre Tinka , Wielenga Joke M. , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M.
Published: April 2022

Aim

Admitting an infant to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is stressful for parents. A great source of stress is the loss of their desired parental role. This study explores parents’ experiences and needs during a high‐risk pregnancy in preparation for their role as parents of a preterm infant.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among parents with a preterm infant admitted to two level‐III NICUs in the Netherlands. A thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Nineteen interviews were conducted with parents of preterm infants (26–34 weeks gestational age). Getting a grip in the middle of chaos was identified as the central theme. In the pre‐admission phase, coping with potential preterm parenthood was a theme, with coping strategies as subthemes that changed over time from avoidance to being ready to parent a preterm infant. The theme envisioning the NICU emerged in the NICU admission phase, with subthemes preterm care journey and opportunities for involvement fostering parental empowerment.

Conclusion

Timing and content of information about a parental role in the NICU should be tailored to the individual expectant parent. A customisable intervention bundle may provide a vision of the NICU and the parents’ active role in care.
Letter: association between COVID‐19 and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Chen Hui‐Yuan , Wang Shiow‐Ing , Chang Renin , Wei James Cheng‐Chung
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hadi et al. papers. To view these articles, visit https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/apt.16730 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16900
Editorial: the importance of utilising gastrointestinal ultrasound via transperineal approach in ulcerative colitis—an accurate early predictor of response to treatment
Authors: Ardalan Zaid S. , Friedman Antony B.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sagami et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16817 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16895
Letter: COVID‐19 outcomes and anti‐TNF treatments—comprehensive evidence matters
Authors: Hung Cheng‐Hsien , Yang Tsung‐Yuan , Wei James Cheng‐Chung
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kokkotis et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16717 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16904
Editorial: shedding new light on extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Guillo Lucas , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Falloon et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16853 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16907
Editorial: screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in NAFLD—towards abbreviated MRI alternative in patients with obesity?
Authors: Lebossé Fanny , Caussy Cyrielle
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Huang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16844 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16908
Editorial: response to tofacitinib is associated with high rates of long‐term treatment persistence
Authors: Wang Wenfei , Pekow Joel
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Panaccione et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16848
Editorial: the importance of utilising gastrointestinal ultrasound via transperineal approach in ulcerative colitis—an accurate early predictor of response to treatment. Authors' reply
Authors: Sagami Shintaro , Kobayashi Taku
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sagami et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16817 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16868
Editorial: variceal haemorrhage—under pressure, not the probe pushing down on me
Authors: Adlakha Natasha , Russo Mark W.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Odewole et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16860
Editorial: Lyon consensus metrics—towards personalised diagnosis of non‐erosive reflux disease
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Gyawali C. Prakash
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Frazzoni et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16838 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16911
Letter: association between COVID‐19 and inflammatory bowel disease—Authors' reply
Authors: Hadi Yousaf , Kochhar Gursimran S.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hadi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16730 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16814
Editorial: shedding new light on extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease—authors’ reply
Authors: Falloon Katherine , Cohen Benjamin , Rieder Florian
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Falloon et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16853 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16882
Editorial: risky business. What do sufferers' perceptions of risk from interventions for irritable bowel syndrome really mean?
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M. M.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16816 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16917
Editorial: Lyon consensus metrics—towards personalised diagnosis of non‐erosive reflux disease: Authors' reply
Authors: Frazzoni Marzio , Frazzoni Leonardo , Ribolsi Mentore , De Bortoli Nicola , Savarino Edoardo
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Frazzoni et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16838 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16899
Editorial: risky business. What do sufferers' perceptions of risk from interventions for IBS really mean? Authors' reply
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Ng Cho Ee , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16816 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16909
Model-Based Clustering of High-Dimensional Longitudinal Data via Regularization
Authors: Yang Luoying , Wu Tong Tong
Published: April 2022

We propose a model-based clustering method for high-dimensional longitudinal data via regularization in this paper. This study was motivated by the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls (TAAG), which aimed to examine multilevel factors related to the change of physical activity by following up a cohort of 783 girls over 10 years from adolescence to early adulthood. Our goal is to identify the intrinsic grouping of subjects with similar patterns of physical activity trajectories and the most relevant predictors within each group. The previous analyses conducted clustering and variable selection in two steps, while our new method can perform the tasks simultaneously. Within each cluster, a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) is fitted with a doubly penalized likelihood to induce sparsity for parameter estimation and effect selection. The large-sample joint properties are established, allowing the dimensions of both fixed and random effects to increase at an exponential rate of the sample size, with a general class of penalty functions. Assuming subjects are drawn from a Gaussian mixture distribution, model effects and cluster labels are estimated via a coordinate descent algorithm nested inside the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is used to determine the optimal number of clusters and the values of tuning parameters. Our numerical studies show that the new method has satisfactory performance and is able to accommodate complex data with multilevel and/or longitudinal effects.
Initial evaluation of a therapist‐supported online cognitive therapy self‐help for patients with taboo obsessions
Authors: Olofsdotter Lauri Klara , Aspvall Kristina , Bagøien Hustad Ingvill , Malmqvist Karin , Serlachius Eva , Mataix‐Cols David , Rück Christian , Ivanov Volen , Andersson Erik
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The current study evaluated the feasibility of an internet‐delivered cognitive therapy (I‐CT) in a self‐help format with minimal therapist support for patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with primary taboo obsessions. Specifically, the aims were to investigate (1) whether participants were able to grasp and apply the internet‐delivered cognitive framework to their own situation; (2) whether they had clinically meaningful reductions of OCD symptom severity; and (3) whether reduced negative appraisals (hypothesized mechanism of change in CT) preceded reductions in OCD symptom severity.

Method

Nineteen OCD patients with primary taboo obsessions, recruited from an OCD clinic or self‐referrals, received the I‐CT intervention for 10 weeks. I‐CT did not contain any systematic exposure or response prevention.

Results

Adherence and engagement with the intervention was high. Most participants (n = 13, 68%) understood and successfully applied the cognitive model to their own situation. Within‐group analyses showed large reductions in OCD symptom severity at post‐treatment (bootstrapped within group d = 1.67 [95% CI; 0.67 to 2.66]) measured with the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. The gains were maintained at the 6‐month follow‐up. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that the large reductions in OCD symptom severity were driven by the participants who understood the cognitive model. Reductions in negative appraisals predicted subsequent reductions in OCD symptom severity during treatment.

Conclusion

It is possible to adapt a purely cognitive intervention to a digital guided self‐help format and to achieve both cognitive change and meaningful symptom reduction. The results require confirmation in a randomized clinical trial.
Efficacy comparison of oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam monotherapy among patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy in China: A multicenter, open‐label, randomized study
Authors: Zhu Haoyue , Deng Xuejun , Feng Li , Lian Yajun , Han Xiong , Guo Zhenli , Gou Yulan , Du Yuanmin , Xie Longshan , Yao Dongai , Liu Yonghong , Wu Qiang , Lan Song , Liu Kaisheng , Zhan Peiyan , Wang Xiahong , Dang Jingxia , Hou Yunqi , Chen Keqiang , Zhu Yulan , Shi Yuliang , Yu Yunli , Xiao Bo , Zhu Suiqiang , Meng Hongmei
Published: April 2022

Aims

This multicenter, open‐label, randomized study (Registration No. ChiCTR‐OCH‐14004528) aimed to compare the efficacy and effects of oxcarbazepine (OXC) with levetiracetam (LEV) as monotherapies on patient quality of life and mental health for patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy from China.

Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy who had experienced 2 or more unprovoked seizures at greater than a 24‐h interval during the previous year were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the OXC group or LEV group. Efficacy, safety, quality of life, and mental health were evaluated over 12‐week and 24‐week periods.

Results

In total, we recruited 271 newly diagnosed patients from 23 centers. Forty‐four patients were excluded before treatment for reasons. The rate of seizure freedom of OXC was significantly superior to that of LEV at 12 weeks and 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The quality of life (except for the seizure worry subsection) and anxiety scale scores also showed significant differences from before to after treatment in the OXC and LEV groups.

Conclusions

OXC monotherapy may be more effective than LEV monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy. Both OXC and LEV could improve the quality of life and anxiety state in adult patients with focal epilepsy.
When is it safe for the liver donor to be discharged home and prevent unnecessary re‐hospitalizations? – A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Mazzola Alessandra , Pittau Gabriella , Hong Suk Kyun , Chinnakotla Srinath , Tautenhahn Hans‐Michael , Maluf Daniel G. , Settmacher Utz , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Jafarian Ali , Cherqui Daniel ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: April 2022

Background

Few data are available on discharge criteria after living liver donation (LLD).

Objectives

To identify the features for fit for discharge checklist after LLD to prevent unnecessary re‐hospitalizations and to provide international expert recommendations.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. The critical outcomes included were complications rates and liver function (defined by elevated bilirubin and INR) (CRD42021260725).

Results

Total 57/1710 studies were included in qualitative analysis and 28/57 on the final analysis. No randomized controlled trials were identified. The complications rate was reported in 20/28 studies and ranged from 7.8% to 71.2%. Post hepatectomy liver function was reported in 13 studies. The Quality of Evidence (QoE) was Low and Very‐Low for complications rate and liver function test, respectively.

Conclusions

Monitoring and prevention of donor complications should be crucial in decision making of discharge. Pain and diet control, removal of all drains and catheters, deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, and use routine imaging (CT scan or liver ultrasound) before discharge should be included as fit for discharge checklist (QoE; Low | GRADE of recommendation; Strong). Transient Impaired liver function (defined by elevated bilirubin and INR), a prognostic marker of outcome after liver resection, usually occurs after donor right hepatectomy and should be monitored. Improving trends for bilirubin and INR value should be observed by day 5 post hepatectomy and be included in the fit for discharge checklist. (QoE; Very‐Low | GRADE; Strong).
The optimal use of chlormethine gel for mycosis fungoides: An expert consensus from Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH region)
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Booken Nina , Dippel Edgar , Guenova Emmanuella , Jonak Constanze , Klemke Claus‐Detlev , Nicolay Jan P. , Schlaak Max , Wobser Marion , Trautinger Franz
Published: April 2022

Background

In Europe chlormethine gel is licensed for the management of patients with mycosis fungoides of all stages. However, the optimal regimen regarding frequency and dosing as well as combination and maintenance therapy is not well established.

Methods

Ten experts experienced in research and management of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (DACH region) were asked in written form to report on indication for chlormethine gel, frequency of use, monitoring, concomitant therapies, adverse effects, combination therapies in later stages of the disease, maintenance therapy, and adherence to this therapy for mycosis fungoides. The structured answers were discussed in a consensus conference and recommendations were developed.

Results

Essential for therapy with chlormethine gel is an individualized and symptom‐oriented management. Because of the lack of systemic resorption of topically administered chlormethine gel, systemic adverse events are unlikely. An allergic or irritative‐toxic contact dermatitis is common but manageable with adaptation of the regimen, interruption of administration, and symptom‐specific supportive measurements. A step‐up initial approach with application of chlormethine gel every other day is associated with a better tolerability, especially if it is alternated with topical corticosteroids.

Conclusions

The use of chlormethine gel in the management of mycosis fungoides is often limited by a concomitant contact dermatitis. An adequate therapeutic regimen and the management of adverse effects can preclude an unnecessary withdrawal of therapy so that more patients can benefit from this treatment option.
Novel technique to keep right direction during transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy: Needle knife marking method
Authors: Takano Yuichi , Azami Tetsushi , Nagahama Masatsugu
Published: April 2022

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Necessity of image‐enhanced endoscopy for detecting colorectal lesions
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Dohi Osamu , Inoue Ken
Published: April 2022

This Editorial refers to the article by W.‐Y. Chang and H.‐M. Chiu, p 284–296 of the issue DEN 34:2.
A systematic review suggests marked differences in the prevalence of infant‐directed vocalization across groups of populations
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina
Published: April 2022

Anthropological reports have long suggested that speaking to young children is very infrequent in certain populations (notably farming ones), which is in line with scattered quantitative studies. A systematic review was undertaken to use available literature in order to estimate the extent of population variation. Database searches, expert lists, and citation searches led to the discovery of 29 reports on the frequency of vocalizations directed to infants aged 24 months or younger, based on systematic observations of spontaneous activity in the infant's natural environment lasting at least 30 min in length. Together, these studies provide evidence on 1314 infants growing up in a range of communities (urban, foraging, farming). For populations located outside of North America, the frequency with which vocalization was directed to urban infants was much higher than that for rural infants (including both foraging and farming, medians = 12.6 vs. 3.6% of observations contained infant‐directed vocalization behaviors). We benchmarked this effect against socio‐economic status (SES) variation in the United States, which was much smaller. Infants in high SES American homes were spoken to only slightly more frequently than those in low SES homes (medians = 16.4 vs. 15.1% of observations contained infant‐directed vocalization behaviors). Although published research represents a biased sample of the world's populations, these results invite further cross‐population research to understand the causes and effects of such considerable population group differences.
Shoulder palsy following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: two cases of typical Parsonage–Turner syndrome
Authors: Fortanier Etienne , Le Corroller Thomas , Hocquart Marie , Delmont Emilien , Attarian Shahram
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is now known to cause neurological complications in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Two new cases of typical neuralgic amyotrophy or Parsonage–Turner (PT) syndrome following coronavirus 2 infection (SARS‐CoV‐2) are reported here with explicit electrophysiological and imaging pathological features, underlining the possible association between COVID‐19 and PT syndrome.

Case reports

Case 1 was a 45‐year‐old schoolteacher presenting with acute pain in the right shoulder a few days after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with shoulder abduction and elbow flexion weakness. Needle electromyography showed a decrease in motor unit recruitment in the biceps brachii, and plexus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense signal involving the right C6 root and the superior truncus of the brachial plexus. Case 2 was a 21‐year‐old man hospitalized for dyspnea secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Ten days after symptom onset, he presented right shoulder pain with difficulty in raising his right arm, revealing an isolated deficit of the serratus major muscle with a right scapula winging. Electrophysiological evaluation exhibited an isolated involvement of the long thoracic nerve with a neurogenic recruitment pattern in the serratus major muscle. Plexus MRI displayed a thickening and hyperintense signal involving the right long thoracic nerve.

Discussion

Parsonage–Turner syndrome triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 seems to present clinical, electrophysiological and MRI characteristics similar to classic para‐infectious PT syndrome, including the time frame between viral infection and neurological symptom onset.

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 might be a new infectious trigger of PT syndrome.
Cognitive phenotypes in frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Arrotta Kayela , Reyes Anny , Kaestner Erik , McDonald Carrie R. , Hermann Bruce P. , Barr William B. , Sarmey Nehaw , Sundar Swetha , Kondylis Efstathios , Najm Imad , Bingaman William , Busch Robyn M.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Neuropsychological profiles are heterogeneous both across and within epilepsy syndromes, but especially in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), which has complex semiology and epileptogenicity. This study aimed to characterize the cognitive heterogeneity within FLE by identifying cognitive phenotypes and determining their demographic and clinical characteristics.

Method

One hundred and six patients (age 16–66; 44% female) with FLE completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing, including measures within five cognitive domains: language, attention, executive function, processing speed, and verbal/visual learning. Patients were categorized into one of four phenotypes based on the number of impaired domains. Patterns of domain impairment and clinical and demographic characteristics were examined across phenotypes.

Results

Twenty‐five percent of patients met criteria for the Generalized Phenotype (impairment in at least four domains), 20% met criteria for the Tri‐Domain Phenotype (impairment in three domains), 36% met criteria for the Domain‐Specific Phenotype (impairment in one or two domains), and 19% met criteria for the Intact Phenotype (no impairment). Language was the most common domain‐specific impairment, followed by attention, executive function, and processing speed. In contrast, learning was the least impacted cognitive domain. The Generalized Phenotype had fewer years of education compared to the Intact Phenotype, but otherwise, there was no differentiation between phenotypes in demographic and clinical variables. However, qualitative analysis suggested that the Generalized and Tri‐Domain Phenotypes had a more widespread area of epileptogenicity, whereas the Intact Phenotype most frequently had seizures limited to the lateral frontal region.

Significance

This study identified four cognitive phenotypes in FLE that were largely indistinguishable in clinical and demographic features, aside from education and extent of epileptogenic zone. These findings enhance our appreciation of the cognitive heterogeneity within FLE and provide additional support for the development and use of cognitive taxonomies in epilepsy.
Models for MAGDM with dual hesitant q‐rung orthopair fuzzy 2‐tuple linguistic MSM operators and their application to COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Naz Sumera , Akram Muhammad , Saeid Arsham Borumand , Saadat Aniqa
Published: April 2022

In this article, we introduce dual hesitant ‐rung orthopair fuzzy 2‐tuple linguistic set (DHq‐ROFTLS), a new strategy for dealing with uncertainty that incorporates a 2‐tuple linguistic term into dual hesitant ‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (DHq‐ROFS). DHq‐ROFTLS is a better way to deal with uncertain and imprecise information in the decision‐making environment. We elaborate the operational rules, based on which, the DHq‐ROFTL weighted averaging (DHq‐ROFTLWA) operator and the DHq‐ROFTL weighted geometric (DHq‐ROFTLWG) operator are presented to fuse the DHq‐ROFTL numbers (DHq‐ROFTLNs). As Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) aggregation operator is a useful tool to model the interrelationship between multi‐input arguments, we generalize the traditional MSM to aggregate DHq‐ROFTL information. Firstly, the DHq‐ROFTL Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLMSM) and the DHq‐ROFTL weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLWMSM) operators are proposed along with some of their desirable properties and some special cases. Further, the DHq‐ROFTL dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLDMSM) and weighted dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLWDMSM) operators with some properties and cases are presented. Moreover, the assessment and prioritizing of the most important aspects in multiple attribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) problems is analysed by an extended novel approach based on the proposed aggregation operators under DHq‐ROFTL framework. At long last, a numerical model is provided for the selection of adequate medication to control COVID‐19 outbreaks to demonstrate the use of the generated technique and exhibit its adequacy. Finally, to analyse the advantages of the proposed method, a comparison analysis is conducted and the superiorities are illustrated.
Digital fisheries data in the Internet age: Emerging tools for research and monitoring using online data in recreational fisheries
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Sbragaglia Valerio , Vollset Knut Wiik , Sortland Lene K. , McClenachan Loren , Jarić Ivan , Guckian Meaghan L. , Ferter Keno , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. , Arlinghaus Robert , Twardek William M.
Published: April 2022

Recreational fisheries are diverse in scale, scope, and participation worldwide, constituting an important ecosystem service of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Management of these socio‐ecological systems is challenged by monitoring gaps, stemming from difficulties engaging with participants, biased sampling, and insufficient resources to conduct biological or social surveys of fish and human populations. In the Internet age, online data have great potential to make a meaningful contribution to recreational fisheries research, monitoring, and management. Recreational fishers in some countries increasingly use social and other digital media to share their experiences with followers, with most data freely available to web scrapers that compile databases of text (e.g. tweets, status updates, comments), photos, videos and other media that contain information about spatiotemporal activity, sentiments towards catches/experiences, targeted and bycatch species, effort levels, and more. Although the future of recreational fisheries research, monitoring and management will likely involve more digital scraping, uptake is only just beginning and there are several challenges including tool availability/accessibility, sampling biases, and making findings relevant and usable to practitioners. Despite these challenges, we envision fisheries managers will increasingly turn towards online sources of fisheries data to supplement conventional methods. We challenge scientists to work towards continued method development and validation of various digital fisheries data tools and emphasize how biases from the online behaviour of users may complicate interpretations of these data for fisheries management.
Interleukin‐6 signaling requires EHD1‐mediated alteration of membrane rafts
Authors: Woo Joo Hong , Park Soo Jung , Park Sang Myun , Joe Eun‐hye , Jou Ilo
Published: April 2022

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is involved in many inflammatory diseases. IL‐6 binds to membrane‐bound IL‐6 receptor α (IL‐6Rα) (classic signaling) or soluble IL‐6Rα (trans‐signaling); this complex then associates with the signal‐transducing membrane protein gp130. IL‐6Rα and gp130 float on membrane (i.e., lipid) rafts; however, how membrane rafts regulate IL‐6 signaling remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that both IL‐6 classic signaling and trans‐signaling depend on membrane cholesterol, an essential raft component. Super‐resolution fluorescence imaging using perfringolysin O D4 fragments that selectively bind to high cholesterol concentrations revealed that IL‐6 and hyper‐IL‐6, a fusion protein of IL‐6 and soluble IL‐6Rα, induce the alteration of membrane rafts. IL‐6 and hyper‐IL‐6 induced D4‐positive raft (D4 raft) formation without affecting cholera toxin subunit B (CTB)‐positive rafts (CTB rafts). Receptor clustering of IL‐6Rα and gp130 and STAT3 phosphorylation occurred in D4 rafts. These results indicate that D4 rafts serve as platforms for the assembly of functional IL‐6 receptor complexes. We found that Eps15 homology domain‐containing protein 1 (EHD1) mediates the formation of functional IL‐6 receptor complexes through D4 rafts. Overall, we uncover a novel regulatory mechanism of the EHD1‐mediated alteration of membrane raft in IL‐6 signaling.