bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The high-frequency response correction of eddy covariance fluxes – Part 2: An experimental approach for analysing noisy measurements of small fluxes
Authors: Aslan Toprak , Peltola Olli , Ibrom Andreas , Nemitz Eiko , Rannik Üllar , Mammarella Ivan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Fluxes measured with the eddy covariance (EC) technique are subject to flux losses at high frequencies (low-pass filtering). If not properly corrected for, these result in systematically biased ecosystem–atmosphere gas exchange estimates. This loss is corrected using the system's transfer function which can be estimated with either theoretical or experimental approaches. In the experimental approach, commonly used for closed-path EC systems, the low-pass filter transfer function (H) can be derived from the comparison of either (i) the measured power spectra of sonic temperature and the target gas mixing ratio or (ii) the cospectra of both entities with vertical wind speed. In this study, we compare the power spectral approach (PSA) and cospectral approach (CSA) in the calculation of H for a range of attenuation levels and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). For a systematic analysis, we artificially generate a representative dataset from sonic temperature (T) by attenuating it with a first order filter and contaminating it with white noise, resulting in various combinations of time constants and SNRs. For PSA, we use two methods to account for the noise in the spectra: the first is the one introduced by Ibrom et al. (2007a) (PSAI07), in which the noise and H are fitted in different frequency ranges, and the noise is removed before estimating H. The second is a novel approach that uses the full power spectrum to fit both H and noise simultaneously (PSAA21). For CSA, we use a method utilizing the square root of the H with shifted vertical wind velocity time series via cross-covariance maximization (CSAH,sync). PSAI07 tends to overestimate the time constant when low-pass filtering is low, whilst the new PSAA21 and CSAH,sync successfully estimate the expected time constant regardless of the degree of attenuation and SNR. We further examine the effect of the time constant obtained with the different implementations of PSA and CSA on cumulative fluxes using estimated time constants in frequency response correction. For our example time series, the fluxes corrected using time constants derived by PSAI07 show a bias between 0.1 % and 1.4 %. PSAA21 showed almost no bias, while CSAH,sync showed bias of ±0.4 %. The accuracies of both PSA and CSA methods were not significantly affected by SNR level, instilling confidence in EC flux measurements and data processing in set-ups with low SNR. Overall we show that, when using power spectra for the empirical estimation of parameters of H for closed-path EC systems the new PSAA21 outperforms PSAI07, while when using cospectra the CSAH,sync approach provides accurate results. These findings are independent of the SNR value and attenuation level.
GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Männel Benjamin , Zus Florian , Dick Galina , Glaser Susanne , Semmling Maximilian , Balidakis Kyriakos , Wickert Jens , Maturilli Marion , Dahlke Sandro , Schuh Harald
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Within the transpolar drifting expedition MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was used among other techniques to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked GNSS data including GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, epoch-wise coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTDs) were determined using a kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) approach. The derived ZTD values agree to 1.1 ± 0.2 mm (root mean square (rms) of the differences 10.2 mm) with the numerical weather data of ECMWF's latest reanalysis, ERA5, computed for the derived ship's locations. This level of agreement is also confirmed by comparing the on-board estimates with ZTDs derived for terrestrial GNSS stations in Bremerhaven and Ny-Ålesund and for the radio telescopes observing very long baseline interferometry in Ny-Ålesund. Preliminary estimates of integrated water vapor derived from frequently launched radiosondes are used to assess the GNSS-derived integrated water vapor estimates. The overall difference of 0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2 (rms of the differences 1.47 kg m−2) demonstrates a good agreement between GNSS and radiosonde data. Finally, the water vapor variations associated with two warm-air intrusion events in April 2020 are assessed.
Analysis of mobile monitoring data from the microAeth® MA200 for measuring changes in black carbon on the roadside in Augsburg
Authors: Liu Xiansheng , Hadiatullah Hadiatullah , Zhang Xun , Hill L. Drew , White Andrew H. A. , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Bendl Jan , Jakobi Gert , Schloter-Hai Brigitte , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The portable microAeth® MA200
(MA200) is widely applied for measuring black carbon in human exposure
profiling and mobile air quality monitoring. Due to it being relatively new on
the market, the field lacks a refined assessment of the instrument's
performance under various settings and data post-processing approaches. This
study assessed the mobile real-time performance of the MA200 to determine a
suitable noise reduction algorithm in an urban area, Augsburg, Germany.
Noise reduction and negative value mitigation were explored via different
data post-processing methods (i.e., local polynomial regression (LPR),
optimized noise reduction averaging (ONA), and centred moving average
(CMA)) under common sampling interval times (i.e., 5, 10, and 30 s). After
noise reduction, the treated data were evaluated and compared by (1) the
amount of useful information attributed to retention of microenvironmental
characteristics, (2) the relative number of negative values remaining, (3) the
reduction and retention of peak samples, and (4) the amount of useful signal
retained after correction for local background conditions. Our results
identify CMA as a useful tool for isolating the central trends of raw black
carbon concentration data in real time while reducing nonsensical negative
values and the occurrence and magnitudes of peak samples that affect visual
assessment of the data without substantially affecting bias. Correction for
local background concentrations improved the CMA treatment by bringing
nuanced microenvironmental changes into view. This analysis employs
a number of different post-processing methods for black carbon data,
providing comparative insights for researchers looking for black carbon data
smoothing approaches, specifically in a mobile monitoring framework and data
collected using the microAeth® series of Aethalometer.
Reorganization of Atlantic waters at sub-polar latitudes linked to deep water overflow in both glacial and interglacial climate states
Authors: Holmes Dakota Evan , Babila Tali Lea , Ninnemann Ulysses , Bromley Gordon , Tyrrell Shane , Paterson Greig A. , Curran Michelle Judith , Morley Audrey
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Abrupt climate events are generally attributed as a characteristic of glacial (intermediate-to-large cryosphere) climate states. While a large cryosphere may be a necessary boundary condition for millennial-scale events to persist, it remains unclear whether high-magnitude climate variability is purely a glacial phenomenon requiring cryosphere-driven feedbacks. High-resolution climate records are used to portray North Atlantic climate's progression through low-ice, interglacial boundary conditions of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11c into the glacial inception. We show that this period is marked by rapid shifts in both deep overflow and surface climate. The reorganization between polar and Atlantic waters at subpolar latitudes appears to accompany changes in the flow of deep water emanating from the Nordic Seas, regardless of magnitude or boundary conditions. Further, during both glacial and interglacial boundary conditions, we find that a reduction in deep water precedes surface hydrographic change. The existence of surface and deep ocean events during an interglacial, with similar magnitudes, abruptness, and surface-deep phasing as their glacial counterparts, alters our concept of “warm” climate stability and the requisite cryospheric thresholds and feedbacks for it.
Linear stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended load
Authors: Ohata Koji , Naruse Hajime , Izumi Norihiro
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Plane beds develop under flows in fluvial and marine environments; they are recorded as parallel lamination in sandstone beds, such as those found in turbidites. However, whereas turbidites typically exhibit parallel lamination, they rarely feature dune-scale cross lamination. Although the reason for the scarcity of dune-scale cross-lamination in turbidites is still debated, the formation of dunes may be dampened by suspended load. Here, we perform, for the first time, linear stability analysis to show that flows with suspended load facilitate the formation of plane beds. For a fine-grained bed, suspended load can promote the formation of plane beds and dampen the formation of dunes. These results of theoretical analysis were verified with observational data of plane beds under open-channel flows. Our theoretical analysis found that suspended load promotes the formation of plane beds, which suggest that the development of dunes under turbidity currents is suppressed by the presence of suspended load.
Exploring deep learning for air pollutant emission estimation
Authors: Huang Lin , Liu Song , Yang Zeyuan , Xing Jia , Zhang Jia , Bian Jiang , Li Siwei , Sahu Shovan Kumar , Wang Shuxiao , Liu Tie-Yan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The inaccuracy of anthropogenic emission inventories on a
high-resolution scale due to insufficient basic data is one of the major
reasons for the deviation between air quality model and observation results.
A bottom-up approach, which is a typical emission inventory estimation method,
requires a lot of human labor and material resources, whereas a top-down
approach focuses on individual pollutants that can be measured directly as well as
relying heavily on traditional numerical modeling. Lately, the deep neural
network approach has achieved rapid development due to its high efficiency and
nonlinear expression ability. In this study, we proposed a novel method to
model the dual relationship between an emission inventory and pollution
concentrations for emission inventory estimation. Specifically, we utilized a
neural-network-based comprehensive chemical transport model (NN-CTM) to
explore the complex correlation between emission and air pollution. We further
updated the emission inventory based on back-propagating the gradient of the
loss function measuring the deviation between NN-CTM and observations from
surface monitors. We first mimicked the CTM model with neural networks (NNs)
and achieved a relatively good representation of the CTM, with similarity
reaching 95 %. To reduce the gap between the CTM and observations, the NN
model suggests updated emissions of NOx, NH3, SO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and primary PM2.5 changing, on average, by −1.34 %, −2.65 %, −11.66 %,
−19.19 % and 3.51 %, respectively, in China for 2015. Such
ratios of NOx and PM2.5 are even higher (∼ 10 %) in regions that suffer from large uncertainties in
original emissions, such as Northwest China. The updated emission inventory can improve model
performance and make it closer to observations. The mean absolute error for
NO2, SO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations are reduced
significantly (by about 10 %–20 %), indicating the high
feasibility of NN-CTM in terms of significantly improving both the accuracy
of the emission inventory and the performance of the air quality model.
A parsimonious model of longitudinal stream DOC patterns based on groundwater inputs and in-stream uptake
Authors: Ploum Stefan Willem , Lupon Anna , Leach Jason A. , Kuglerová Lenka , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The supply of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to aquatic ecosystems affects local in-stream processes and downstream transport of DOC in the fluvial network. However, we have an incomplete understanding on how terrestrial DOC inputs alter longitudinal variations of DOC concentration along headwater stream reaches because groundwater discharge, groundwater DOC concentration and in-stream DOC uptake vary at relatively short spatial and temporal scales. In the riparian zone, the convergence of subsurface flow paths can facilitate the inflow of terrestrial DOC from large upslope contributing areas to narrow sections of the stream. We refer to these areas of flow path convergence as discrete riparian inflow points (DRIPs). In this study, we ask how longitudinal patterns of stream DOC concentrations are affected by DRIPs, as they are major inputs of terrestrial DOC and important locations for in-stream processes. We used a mixing model to simulate stream DOC concentrations along a 1.5 km headwater reach for fifteen sampling campaigns with flow conditions ranging from droughts to floods. Four sets of model scenarios were used to compare different representations of hydrology (distributed inputs of DRIPs vs diffuse groundwater inflow), and in-stream processes (passive transport vs in-stream biological uptake). Results showed that under medium (10–50 l/s) and high flow conditions (> 50 l/s), accounting for lateral groundwater inputs from DRIPs improved simulations of stream DOC concentrations along the reach. Moreover, in-stream biological uptake improved simulations across low to medium flow conditions (< 50 l/s). Only during an experimental drought, longitudinal patterns of stream DOC concentration were simulated best using diffuse groundwater inflow and passive transport scenarios. These results show that the role of hydrology and in-stream processes on modulating downstream DOC exports varies over time. Importantly, we demonstrate that accounting for preferential groundwater inputs to the stream is needed to capture longitudinal dynamics in mobilization and in-stream uptake of terrestrial DOC. The dominant role of DRIPs in these transport and reaction mechanisms suggests that consideration of DRIPs can improve stream biogeochemistry frameworks and help inform management of near-stream areas that exert a large influence on stream conditions.
The effect of natural infrastructure on water erosion mitigation in the Andes
Authors: Vanacker Veerle , Molina Armando , Rosas Miluska A. , Bonnesoeur Vivien , Román-Dañobeytia Francisco , Ochoa-Tocachi Boris , Buytaert Wouter
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Soil erosion by water is affecting natural and anthropogenic environments through its impacts on water quality and availability, loss of soil nutrients, flood risk, sedimentation in rivers and streams, and damage to civil infrastructure. Sustainable management aims to avoid, reduce and reverse soil erosion and can provide multiple benefits for the environment, population, and livelihoods. We conducted a systematic review of 121 case studies from the Andes to answer the following questions: (1) Which erosion indicators allow us to assess the effectiveness of natural infrastructure? (2) What is the overall impact of working with natural infrastructure on on-site and off-site erosion mitigation? and (3) Which locations and types of studies are needed to fill critical gaps in knowledge and research? Three major categories of natural infrastructure were considered: protective vegetation, soil and water conservation measures, and adaptation measures that regulate the flow and transport of water. From the suite of physical, chemical and biological indicators commonly used in soil erosion research, two indicators were particularly relevant: soil organic carbon (SOC) of topsoil, and soil loss rates at the plot scale. In areas with protective vegetation and/or soil and water conservation measures, the SOC of topsoil is –on average– 1.3 to 2.8 times higher than in areas under traditional agriculture. Soil loss rates in areas with natural infrastructure were reported to be 38 % to 54 % lower than rates measured in untreated croplands. Further research is needed to evaluate whether the reported effectiveness holds during extreme events related to, for example, El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Changing Character of Political Islam in Pakistan
Authors: Cheema Qamar Abbas , Abbas Syed Qandil
Published: July 2021

Pakistan's confessional parties are re-inventing themselves. The Parties that are carrying a legacy from the time before partition are struggling to keep themselves relevant in mainstream political discourse. Pakistan's political landscape is changing because of the rise of Tehreek-i-Insaf, a progressive center-right political party that has altered the electioneering environment in Pakistan. Two main confessional parties Jamaat Islami (JI) and Jamiat Ulma e Islam Fazal Ur Rehman (JUI-F) are trying to develop an inclusive and pluralist political agenda. JI is a hierarchical Islamic party whereas JUI-F is a network Islamic party. Political Islam is in the process of shrinking in Pakistan because of the rise of political alternatives and outdatedness of the political and electoral discourse of confessional parties. Political Islam in Pakistan is changing by improving its ideological, political, and organizational structure in relation to its contemporary rivals. Changes in political Islam are not because of intellectual diversity and growth within confessional parties but to manage and compete for the rise of competing domestic political perspectives. Transnational connections with like-minded Islamist groups have scaled-down as the like-minded religio-ideological partners are termed as extremists and terrorists.
Sala de apoio à amamentação na universidade
Authors: Sousa Móta Joyci Larissa , Bezerra de Souza Thâmara Silva , Almeida Santos Nathália Patricia , Sales Tayna Dos Santos , Souza Natália Dos Santos , Dos Santos Raquel Bezerra
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência de acadêmicas de Enfermagem na sala de apoio à amamentação de um centro universitário. Método:  trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado numa sala de amamentação. Apresenta-se por meio da vivência das extensionistas de um projeto de extensão. Resultados: revela-se que, dentre as atividades ofertadas pelo projeto, existe a recepção na sala de amamentação durante quatro horas por turno. Disponibiliza-se e abre-se a sala para todos, sejam docentes, funcionárias ou discentes, com seus lactentes. Conclusão: oportunizou-se, pela vivência no projeto, agregar valores na formação acadêmica, além de contribuir para a visualização do papel ativo do enfermeiro diante desse contexto e da grande responsabilidade que o mesmo possui. Descritores: Educação em Enfermagem; Aleitamento Materno; Assistência à Saúde da Mulher e da Criança; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Extensão Comunitária; Universidade.  ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of nursing students in the breastfeeding support room of a university center. Method: this is a descriptive study, an experience report, performed in a nursing room. It is presented through the experience of the extension workers of an extension project. Results: it is revealed that, among the activities offered by the project, there is reception in the nursery for four hours per shift. The room is open to all, whether teachers, employees or students, with their infants. Conclusion: it was opportune, due to the experience in the project, to add values to the academic training, besides contributing to the visualization of the active role of nurses in this context and the great responsibility that it has. Descriptors: Nursing Education; Breastfeeding; Women's and Children's Health Assistance; Primary Health Care; Community Outreach; University.RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de académicas de enfermería en la sala de apoyo a la lactancia de un centro universitario. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, realizado en una sala de lactancia. Se presenta por medio de la vivencia de las extensionistas de un proyecto de extensión. Resultados: se revela que, entre las actividades ofrecidas por el proyecto, existe la recepción en la sala de lactancia durante cuatro horas por turno. Se dispone y se abre la sala para todos, sean docentes, funcionarias o discentes, con sus lactantes. Conclusión: se ha permitido, por la vivencia en el proyecto, agregar valores en la formación académica, además de contribuir a la visualización del papel activo del enfermero ante ese contexto y de la gran responsabilidad que el mismo posee. Descriptores: Educación en Enfermería; Lactancia Materna; Asistencia a la Mujer y el Niño; Atención Primaria a la Salud; Extensión Comunitaria; Universidad.
El endemismo bético-rifeño Antirrhinum australe, novedad corológica para la provincia de Sevilla
Authors: Medina-Gavilán José Luis , González Basilio
Published: July 2021

Se confirma la presencia de Antirrhinum australe Rothm. (Plantaginaceae) en la provincia de Sevilla, representada por dos poblaciones localizadas al borde de su distribución en el suroeste ibérico. Dentro del dimorfismo fenotípico que presenta A. australe en la pilosidad de sus órganos vegetativos, todos los individuos hallados se caracterizan por presentar tallos y hojas ampliamente desprovistos de tricomas. El éxito reproductivo es aparentemente elevado (carga de frutos >80%), pero la situación geográfica y ecológicamente marginal de estas poblaciones parecen ser importantes factores de riesgo para su conservación, sin que existan signos claros de reclutamiento demográfico. Se sostiene que estas poblaciones pueden ser de utilidad para el estudio comparado de rasgos morfo-funcionales de interés en el género, desde una perspectiva ecológico-evolutiva.
CIRP RE-ENGINEERING AND RE-STRUCTURING UNDER INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY REFORMS
Authors:   Scholar Westminster International University, Tashkent,, Kattadiyil Binoy Joy , Anvarovich Islamov Bakhtiyor ,   International Economics Chair Tashkent Branch of G.V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University
Published: July 2021

Introduction. This article discusses the theory of corporate restructuring and its importance in the country. Business restructuring is the redesigning of existing business strategies and aspects for various reasons. Usually a corporate’s varied challenges and financial adjustments to its assets and liabilities necessitates this process. It analyses how the different avenues of business restructuring exercises such as mergers, acquisitions, amalgamations, compromises, and arrangement are processed with in respect to the process provided under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016. Introduction followed by brief Literature Review. Research methods are exploratory in nature, since the study has to explore the impact of IBC on Indian Economy. Results and discussions.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE – AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Dilova Gaybullaevna Nargiza
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Regular assessment of the level of knowledge of students, the process of mastering educational information is one of the important factors that ensure the interconnectedness and harmony of education and upbringing. Formative assessment can be used as an effective tool in the successful implementation of this process. In this article, the experience of developed countries in the formative assessment of school students' knowledge, the results of scientific research of scientists in the field of pedagogy were analyzed and the main conditions for the application of this practice in the context of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been identified. Methods. The analysis of the above research has shown that the student knowledge assessment system includes a number of common components. Such components include the collection and analysis of data in the educational process, a reasonable conclusion on the level of formation of skills and abilities, as well as the ability to apply these knowledge, skills and abilities in practice. Results.
ABOUT THE MINKOWSKI DIFFERENCE OF SQUARES ON A PLANE
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Nuritdinov Jalolkhon
Published: July 2021

Introduction. As you know, the concept of a set is a basic concept in mathematics, and many mathematical problems have been solved using the theory developed around it. Building a set theory apparatus begins with defining the operations that can be performed on sets. Most of us know about operations on sets, such as joining, intersecting, subtracting, symmetric subtraction, and we also have an understanding of the practical problems they can solve. With the development of mathematics, including the science of geometry, the idea of adding other operations to the sets in addition to the above operations arose, and there was a need to enrich the content of set theory and apply them to new practical problems.
COMPARATIVE AN TIVE ANALYSIS OF EPIC HELPERS IN ENGLISH AND SIS OF EPIC HELPERS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK FOLKLORE
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Akhmedova Sarvinoz Khikmatovna
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Uzbek and English people live in different continents, however the similarity in subjects, classification and representation of heroes can be observed in their folklore. Fairy tales, myths, legends, epics reflect the lifestyle, culture, beliefs and worldview of each nation. They embody national aspects for sure. National identities are reflected in images of protagonists and helpers in any genre of folklore. Research methods. Awareness of other cultures demands investigations in many spheres, including literature and folklore. Comparative-typological and historical-comparative analysis of the image of epic helper are the main methods used in our research. Results and discussions. The image of the patron saint heroes is rooted in pre-Islamic.
An Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Anxiety and Motivation Levels towards Science Course in Terms of Some Variables
Authors: CAYMAZ Belkız , AYDIN Abdullah
Published: July 2021

This work aims at studying the anxiety and motivation levels of secondary school students towards science course depending on gender, class levels, and their parents’ level of education. In addition, it was aimed to examine the relationship between students' anxiety, motivation, and academic achievement towards science course. The study relies on a relational scannig model within the context of the general scannig model. The research sample consist of 629 students who continue their education at public secondary school in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, in the 2019-2020 academic year. Anxiety Scale for Science Course, Motivation Scale for Science Learning, Personal Information Form, and science grade for the end of the first semester were used as data collection tools in the research. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the SPSS 22 program. As a result of this study, it is found out that the secondary school students' science anxiety levels were incredibly low but, their motivation levels towards science course were high. Also, it was observed that there was a significant relationship between students’ science anxiety, science motivation and academic achievement. As to gender, it was determined that there was no significant difference between students' anxiety towards science course, and a significant difference between motivation towards science course. In addition, it was determined that students' anxiety and motivation towards science course differ significantly depending on class levels and their parents’ level of education.
Literature review on models for measuring the contribution of the information system to performance
Authors: OMARI Mohamed , NIA Hafida
Published: July 2021

The information system (IS) occupies an essential place in public and private establishments and managers are constantly seeking to create value by implementing information systems that generate tangible and intangible gains. To do this, they are constantly investing in information systems to improve their performance and generate results. However, these managers are constantly questioning the relevance and effectiveness of these investments. The information system poses a problem of definition given that it is a multidimensional concept, and also of measurement. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the different models for measuring the contribution of information systems to the performance of organizations, based on the resource theory and the behavioral approach in a processual perspective. This literature review allows us to identify and present these models, with a view to testing them in various contexts.
Comunidades. Estudios y experiencias sobre contextos y comunidades de aprendizaje
Authors: Rinaudo María Cristina , Paoloni Paola Verónica , Martín Rocio Belén
Published: July 2021

Los artículos reunidos en este libro se enmarcan en enfoques o perspectivas socioculturales que entienden al aprendizaje como un proceso eminentemente social, que tiene lugar en las interacciones entre aprendizajes y las propiedades de ambientes específicos, independientemente del nivel de formalidad que se les haya adjudicado. La primera sección, "Estudios sobre contextos y comunidades de aprendizaje en el mundo", presenta desarrollos e investigaciones relativas al tema de los contextos y las comunidades de aprendizaje desde voces y experiencias provenientes de diferentes lugares del mundo. La segunda sección, denominada “Estudios sobre comunidades de práctica y aprendizaje en Argentina”, focaliza más específicamente en líneas de trabajo realizado en torno al tema en Argentina. Finalmente, la tercera sección,
Asociativa, movilizada, violenta - Tomo II
Authors: Vagliente Pablo
Published: July 2021

Fruto de casi siete años de investigaciones, este trabajo del historiador Pablo Vagliente se centra en un caso, Córdoba, y un período, 1850-1930, decisivos para entender el zigzagueante curso de la historia argentina en el siglo XX. Lo hace desde un aspecto menos frecuentado, el de la sociedad civil, tanto en sus múltiples maneras de manifestarse en espacios públicos, como en su dinámica asociativa. Una historia de lo público en escenario de provincia, sí, pero de una que tenía en ese período una centralidad manifiesta en la dinámica del país que emergía. Este segundo Tomo ofrece, por primera vez en la historiografía de Córdoba, una lectura entretenida en sus detalles y en las interpretaciones que despliega, sobre el complejo campo del asociacionismo urbano cordobés. Las ocho décadas de vida asociativa dan cuenta del papel largamente significativo para la cultura política, la dinámica social, la institucionalidad pública, entre otros, que jugaron miles y miles de dirigentes y asociados anónimos, protagonistas singulares de una esfera pública en tensión siempre viva. El libro cierra con una sugerente relectura de actores, ideologías y metodologías experimentadas en torno al dilema democrático, hasta su cierre en el golpe militar de 1930.
Accompagnement de pays d’Afrique Centrale et de l’Ouest dans l’utilisation de l’imagerie satellitaire pour la conception, la mise en oeuvre et le suivi des politiques publiques d’aménagement durable du territoire, de 2010 à 2020
Authors: Mertens Benoît , Pinet Camille
Published: July 2021

Malgré une ouverture et une démocratisation croissante des données satellitaires et outils de traitement associés, l’utilisation de ces données et des informations qui en sont issues reste relativement limitée dans les pays du Sud. Depuis plusieurs années, des initiatives visant l’amélioration de l’accès et de l’utilisation par les acteurs locaux ont vu le jour. Ce papier présente le bilan de 3 projets successifs financés par l’Agence Française de Développement en Afrique Centrale et de l’Ouest entre 2010 et 2020. Ces projets, pilotés par IGN FI et l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ont apporté des éléments de réponse aux principaux défis identifiés par les acteurs locaux partenaires tels que : l’accès aux données, l’amélioration des compétences pour le traitement des données, la sensibilisation des décideurs et gestionnaires des territoires aux informations et services qui peuvent en être dérivés, la production par des équipes locales de cartographie de référence ou encore la montée en compétence et la structuration de réseaux d’utilisateurs. Cet article reprend les actions et résultats sur trois axes d’intervention à savoir (i) la mise à disposition gratuite de données récentes à haute résolution, (ii) la production locale de cartographie de l’évolution du couvert forestier et de l’occupation du sol et (iii) la promotion de l’utilisation des images par des actions de formation et d’animation scientifique. Les résultats de plusieurs projets appuyés dans le cadre de ces actions font l’objet de publications dans ce numéro spécial Afrique.
Demanda global por madera y la necesidad de protección ambiental: una visión sudamericana
Authors: Cabrera Perramón Jorge , Jélvez Caamaño Manuel Arnaldo
Published: July 2021

La futura demanda de productos forestales puede ser satisfecha por el establecimiento y el manejo inteligente de las nuevas plantaciones. Esto disminuirá la presión actual sobre el bosque nativo y además permitirá tener también reservas importantes de madera de alta calidad. Las actuales áreas de bosque nativo deben ser protegidas contra las presiones ilegales, pero se deben suplir al mismo tiempo las necesidades humanas. Las agencias gubernamentales tienen que afrontar esta realidad y proponer alternativvas para los actuales usuarios de estos recursos. Por otro lado, las áreas protegidas deben ser incorporadas en los planes de manejo, en los cuales hay que balancear adecuadamente los aspectos de valor económicos y los aspectos de conservación. Los gobiernos deben tener claro que la actual tasa de pérdida de estos recursos viene de las urgentes y más básicas necesidades de una alta proporción de la población que vive en la pobreza. Por lo tanto, la implementación de políticas económicas para aliviar la situación es urgente.
Apuntes sobre algunas latifoliadas de maderas valiosas. 4. Grevillea robusta A. Cunn
Authors: Loewe Muñoz Verónica Francisca
Published: July 2021

Grevillea robusta es un árbol nativo de Australia, descubierto y descrito por el explorador europeo Alan Cunningham en 1827. La especie pertenece a las angiospermas, dicotiledóneas, familia Proteaceae, y es llamada simplemente silky oak, grevillea géant, roble sedoso, silver oak, he-oak, o simplemente grevillea, y su sinónimo es Grevillea umbricata A. Cunn. Esta especie australiana es la más grande de su género, que comprende más de 260 especies, alcanzando alturas de 40 m y diámetros de hasta 1,2 m. La especie ha despertado gran interés, pues se trata de un árbol de fácil adaptación, de rápido crecimiento y con objetivos múltiples. En su región de origen es la especie de mayor resistencia, regenera vigorosamente y coloniza en forma agresiva las áreas alteradas. Para ser un árbol tan grande crece rápidamente y tiene éxito en un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas y edáficas, lo que lo hace de un gran interés. El éxito que ha tenido la especie se debe entre otros factores a su variedad productiva, no quedando excluida de ningún producto o servicio. Principalmente en las áreas bajas y secas, los agricultores han encontrado que la grevillea se reproduce y maneja fácilmente, presenta buenos rendimientos de leña y postes y no compite notoriamente con los cultivos adyacentes.
El género Nothofagus Blume en Chile, algunas implicaciones de su diversidad biológica
Authors: Polyméris Claudia
Published: July 2021

Se examina el rol de los factores que posiblemente hayan llevado al desarrollo de la variabilidad morfológica observada en los taxa de Nothofagus blume, dentro de su rango de distribución en Chile. Se sugiere que se trata de adaptaciones a gradientes ambientales, basadas en un polimorfismo genético, el cual sería fundamental para la diversidad biológica del género, lo que implica, a su vez, consecuencias para la observación de Nothofagus en Chile.
Efectos ambientales del reemplazo de bosque nativo por plantaciones (Estudio en cuatro microcuencas en la provincia de Valdivia)
Authors: Otero Durán Luis A. , Contreras Jara Alvaro Rodrigo , Barrales M. Luis
Published: July 2021

En cuatro cuencas vecinas ubicadas en el valle central de la provincia de Valdivia, se estudió el efecto de la sustitución de bosque nativo por plantaciones de Pinus radiata sobre la calidad y producción de agua. Para ello se recogió información cuantitatia de precipitación, descarga y producción de sedimentos durante 17 meses. La selección de estas cuencas se realizó en base al método de las cuencas pares, con condiciones de similitud en cuanto a tamaño, geomorfología y clima. Se concluye que existe una tendencia de regulación de los caudales en las cuencas cubiertas con bosque nativo en comparación con las cubiertas por plantaciones de pino, entregando caudales superiores en las estaciones del año con déficit de lluvia y menores en los períodos de intensas precipitaciones. Este efecto regulador también se ve reflejado en la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión.
Precisión de corte en sierra huincha
Authors: Devlieger Sollier Francis , Flores G. Luis , Baetty P. Ricardo M.
Published: July 2021

Uno de los principales problemas generados por la transformación mecánica de la madera es la imprecisión de corte y la calidad superficial de los productos obtenidos, lo que descalifica a estos frente a un uso determinado. Esta situación obliga a programar esquemas de corte con exageradas sobredimensiones, lo que trae como consecuencia un bajo nivel de aprovechamiento de la materia prima. El estudio presentado a continuación entrega un análisis del comportamiento de la variabilidad dimensional y la calidad superficial de la madera juvenil de pino obtenida al redimensionar piezas mediante el empleo de sierras huinchas, sometidas a diferentes condiciones de mantención del elemento de corte y de operación de la máquina.
Vibración y ruido en vacío de sierras circulares comerciales
Authors: Poblete Víctor , Arenas Jorge P. , Millar E. , Ríos R.
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los mecanismos generadores de ruido en sierras circulares en vacío. Para clarificar las fuentes fundamentales de ruido, se desarrollaron experimentos de vibración y de ruido en una cámara anecoica que permite suponer condiciones de campo libre, es decir, un medio en el cual todas las paredes absorben la energía sonora incidente, no permitiendo al sonido reflejado interferir en el campo acústico directo emitido por la sierra circular en vacío. Esta condición fue válida en todo el rango de frecuencias a medir.
Procedimiento de selección de árboles plus de roble y raulí
Authors: Bello D. Andrés , Navarrete T. Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Se describe la metodología y los resutados obtenidos en una campaña de selección de árboles plus de Nothofagus obliqua y Nothofagus alpina. La actividad corresponde a una aplicación práctica del método de selección por árboles de comparación y se enmarca de un proyecto FONDEF de mejoramiento genético para esas especies.
Delimitación de procedencias para las especies roble y raulí
Authors: Vergara Lagos Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Como aproximación inicial, el proyecto FONDEF "Mejoramiento genético para especies de Nothofagus de interés económico", generó un mapa preliminar de definición de procedencias con el fin de estimar la variabilidad genética. En base a este mapa se colectarán muestras de semillas y de hojas para realizar un análisis isoenzimático y establecer ensayos de procedencia. Para obtener este mapa se realizó un análisis de información bibliográfica, considerando antecedentes de las especies involucradas, tales com existencia y distribución actual de las poblaciones, variaciones climáticas latitudinales y altitudinales, límites fitogeográficos, etc.
The Usage of Non-Biodegradable Packaging Materials, Recycling Strategies and Impacts on the Environment: the Case of Bahrain
Authors: Dutta Arpita
Published: July 2021

The increased usage of non-biodegradable packaging materials is an integral part of our modern life and they are used in many daily activities. Generally, plastics are synthesized from non-renewable sources and are mostly not biodegradable, while waste plastics are the cause of many of the serious environmental problems the world faces today. This study investigated consumer behaviour and perceptions related to the increased use of plastic bags in transporting household goods from shops. Specifically, the study identified the status and effectiveness of the use of non-biodegradable packaging methods amongst retailing establishments (cold stores and super markets) in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of usage, recycling strategies adopted, disposal, the problems encountered and impact on the environment. A descriptive study research method was used in this study. The researcher also used five point Likert-like scales in the study. The respondents strongly agreed that there is high usage of plastic bags in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The reasons given for this included durability, cheaper prices, lighter than other alternatives and easy storage. The respondents moderately agreed that recycling strategies adopted by both the retail establishments and the consumers are in place in the Kingdom of Bahrain but indiscriminate use and disposal of these plastic carrier bags does pose a significant environmental threat to the country. Again, the study found that since most plastic waste is disposed of in landfill sites where, although not visible, bags are nevertheless coming to the surface as debris and are affecting marine life as well as being ingested by animals like camels. In addition, the conditions within landfills are causing the chemicals contained within the plastic to become more readily available to the environment and this is a particular concern in a small island like the Kingdom of Bahrain, where landfill management is not as closely monitored as in the developed countries. Plastic carrier bags were found to be favoured in transporting high-risk food products to avoid possible cross contamination. Consumers’ perceptions and usage behaviours in connection with respective government’s policies and implementation of recycling systems could be highly decisive in reducing the eco-impact of plastic and paper shopping bags. Keywords: disposal to landfill, plastic bags, recycle, reduce, reuse, usage
Il canto nelle cure primarie pediatriche
Authors: Panza Costantino , Marchesi Maddalena
Published: July 2021

Singing is one of the most used forms of language for the child and is present in all cultures. The musicality at the base of singing causes measurable biological responses in the singing adult and in the listening child. This article summarizes the most recent scientific evidence on the effects of adult singing (parent or caregiver) during the first years of life of a child. Singing reduces stress, promotes adult-child relationship and the child’s attention skills. Finally, the knowledge of singing’s positive effects emphasizes the importance of this knowledge for the pediatrician in informing families of this useful practice for supporting child development.
The Impact of Malnutrition on the Increasing Risk of Bronchopneumonia Among Under Five-Year children
Authors: Putri Intan Mutiara , Nopriyanti Ade
Published: July 2021

Background: Bronchopneumoniabecomes, one of the infectious diseases, is causing mortality in under five-year children. One of the risk factors of pneumonia in under five-year children is nutritional status. One of the types of pneumonia is the inflammation occurred on the tip of the bronchioles. Aim: This research aimed to observe the relation of nutritional status and bronchopneumonia among under five-year children. Method: This research had been approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. This control case research was conducted in the Public Regional Hospital of Panembahan Senopati, Bantul Yogyakarta. The study used 86 respondents (under five-year children) aged 12 to 60 months suffering from bronchopneumonia and 86 respondents (under five-year children) with pneumonia with the same ages as the previous one. The respondents were found using the random sampling technique listed in this research. The data were collected from the secondary data from the medical record. Results: The chi-square statistical test result showed that the under five-year children with the malnutrition had three times higher risk of suffering bronchopneumonia than those with good nutritional status (p-value: 0.001 and 95% CI: 1611-5.578). Keywords: Nutritional Status, Bronchopneumonia, Under Five-Year Children
The Correlation Between Marital Age and The Incidence of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Andini Dwi Margareta , Lutfiasari Dessy
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer (neck of the womb) is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix (the lowest part of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina). Aim: This study aims to investigate the correlation between marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer. Methods: This research was correlation analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This study's population was all patients in Gambiran Hospital in obstetric and gynecology poly, and the sample size was 34 people chosen by simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used the medical record. The bivariate analysis used the Spearman rank test. Results: The analysis shows that there were two independent and dependent variables, namely marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer, with ρ value = 0001< α = 0.05 indicating that there was a correlation between marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer with a value of r = 0.549 showed that there is a relationship between the age of marriage with cervical cancer incidence. Conclusion: This research is expected to be an input to make people more healthy and open to receive health information, especially if a family has a child of early marriage age. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Marital Age
The Identification of Maternal Characteristics and The Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Fitriahadi Enny , Ayuningtyas Desi
Published: July 2021

Aim: The research aims to identify maternal characteristics and anemia in third trimester pregnant women at Mantrijeron Primary Health Center of Yogyakarta. Methods: The study employed a correlation design and cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method with the number of samples was 69 people—the data analysis used using chi-square analysis. Results: This study shows correlations between education level, parity, maternal age, and the frequency of ANC visits as indicated by p-value (<0.05) and the incidence of anemia in the third trimester of pregnant women Mantrijeron Primary Health Center of Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, those with no correlation were nutritional status as indicated by p-value (0.389> 0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women are suggested to have pregnancy checks regularly at least four times during pregnancy so that complications, such as anemia, can be indicated earlier and can be minimized. Keywords: Characteristics; anemia in pregnant women