bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación educativa para la equidad: formación inicial docente y literacidad
Authors: Oñate-Escobar Susana Arlette
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo se enfoca en comprender las oportunidades que brinda la literacidad en la formación inicial docente para el reconocimiento de injusticias sociales y la necesidad de una mayor equidad en la educación escolar. Conceptualmente, reconoce que la escritura académica es una estrategia didáctica que facilita la reflexión sobre los desafíos que enfrentan los profesores en formación, en específico, mediante la técnica de la narración para la escritura de relatos breves. En términos metodológicos, utiliza un diseño cualitativo hermenéutico con foco en el análisis temático narrativo. Los resultados indican que los participantes relatan sus vivencias escolares asociadas a prácticas de evaluación educativa centradas en el rendimiento académico, que relacionan con sentidos de evaluación excluyentes en el aula. La identificación de esos sentidos brinda la oportunidad de pensar sobre injusticias sociales y la necesidad de estrategias que contrarresten la inequidad en la escuela. Además, permite que los participantes especulen sobre sus futuras prácticas docentes, lo que representa una forma sistemática de reflexión sobre el diseño de situaciones de aprendizaje que resignifiquen la evaluación educativa.
Using residual H1* for voice quality research
Authors: Brinkerhoff Mykel Loren , McGuire Grant
Published: February 2025

One of the most common ways of assessing voice quality is through the spectral slope measure H1*–H2*. However, Chai and Garellek [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152(3), 1856–1870 (2022)] propose and demonstrate the robustness of a new measure—residual H1*. In this study, we test the reliability of residual H1* in capturing voice quality contrasts in Santiago Laxopa Zapotec. We find that residual H1* is a more robust measure of voice quality than H1*–H2* and can capture the differences in voice quality in Santiago Laxopa Zapotec, which supports the use of this measure in voice quality research.
Disease diagnostics using machine learning of B cell and T cell receptor sequences
Authors: Zaslavsky Maxim E. , Craig Erin , Michuda Jackson K. , Sehgal Nidhi , Ram-Mohan Nikhil , Lee Ji-Yeun , Nguyen Khoa D. , Hoh Ramona A. , Pham Tho D. , Röltgen Katharina , Lam Brandon , Parsons Ella S. , Macwana Susan R. , DeJager Wade , Drapeau Elizabeth M. , Roskin Krishna M. , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Moody M. Anthony , Haynes Barton F. , Goldman Jason D. , Heath James R. , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Nadeau Kari C. , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Blish Catherine A. , Hensley Scott E. , Jensen Kent , Meyer Everett , Balboni Imelda , Utz Paul J. , Merrill Joan T. , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A. , Yang Samuel , Tibshirani Robert , Kundaje Anshul , Boyd Scott D.
Published: February 2025

Clinical diagnosis typically incorporates physical examination, patient history, various laboratory tests, and imaging studies but makes limited use of the human immune system’s own record of antigen exposures encoded by receptors on B cells and T cells. We analyzed immune receptor datasets from 593 individuals to develop MAchine Learning for Immunological Diagnosis, an interpretive framework to screen for multiple illnesses simultaneously or precisely test for one condition. This approach detects specific infections, autoimmune disorders, vaccine responses, and disease severity differences. Human-interpretable features of the model recapitulate known immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus
2, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus, highlight antigen-specific receptors, and reveal distinct characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus and type-1 diabetes autoreactivity. This analysis framework has broad potential for scientific and clinical interpretation of immune responses.
Neuronal FAM171A2 mediates α-synuclein fibril uptake and drives Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wu Kai-Min , Xu Qian-Hui , Liu Yi-Qi , Feng Yi-Wei , Han Si-Da , Zhang Ya-Ru , Chen Shi-Dong , Guo Yu , Wu Bang-Sheng , Ma Ling-Zhi , Zhang Yi , Chen Yi-Lin , Yang Liu , Yang Zhao-Fei , Xiao Yu-Jie , Wang Ting-Ting , Zhao Jue , Chen Shu-Fen , Cui Mei , Lu Bo-Xun , Le Wei-Dong , Shu You-Sheng , Ye Keqiang , Li Jia-Yi , Li Wen-Sheng , Wang Jian , Liu Cong , Yuan Peng , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: February 2025

Neuronal accumulation and spread of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils are key events in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the uptake of α-syn fibrils remain unclear. In this work, we identified
FAM171A2
as a PD risk gene that affects α-syn aggregation. Overexpressing FAM171A2 promotes α-syn fibril endocytosis and exacerbates the spread and neurotoxicity of α-syn pathology. Neuronal-specific knockdown of FAM171A2 expression shows protective effects. Mechanistically, the FAM171A2 extracellular domain 1 interacts with the α-syn C terminus through electrostatic forces, with >1000 times more selective for fibrils. Furthermore, we identified bemcentinib as an effective blocker of FAM171A2–α-syn fibril interaction with an in vitro binding assay, in cellular models, and in mice. Our findings identified FAM171A2 as a potential receptor for the neuronal uptake of α-syn fibrils and, thus, as a therapeutic target against PD.
Visible light–triggered depolymerization of commercial polymethacrylates
Authors: Wang Hyun Suk , Agrachev Mikhail , Kim Hongsik , Truong Nghia P. , Choi Tae-Lim , Jeschke Gunnar , Anastasaki Athina
Published: February 2025

The reversion of vinyl polymers with carbon-carbon backbones to their monomers represents an ideal path to alleviate the growing plastic waste stream. However, depolymerizing such stable materials remains a challenge, with state-of-the-art methods relying on “designer” polymers that are neither commercially produced nor suitable for real-world applications. In this work, we report a main chain–initiated, visible light–triggered depolymerization directly applicable to commercial polymers containing undisclosed impurities (e.g., comonomers, additives, or dyes). By in situ generation of chlorine radicals directly from the solvent, near-quantitative (>98%) depolymerization of polymethacrylates could be achieved regardless of their synthetic route (e.g., radical or ionic polymerization), end group, and molecular weight (up to 1.6 million daltons). The possibility to perform multigram-scale depolymerizations and confer temporal control renders this methodology a versatile and general route to recycling.
Spiro-C(sp
3
)-atom transfer: Creating rigid three-dimensional structures with Ph
2
SCN
2
Authors: Sun Qiu , Belting Jan-Niklas , Hauda Julian , Tymann David , Antoni Patrick W. , Goddard Richard , Hansmann Max M.
Published: February 2025

The introduction of a single C-atom into organic substrates typically results in the formation of flat molecules containing unsaturated C(sp)-centers. Adding a single C(sp
3
)-atom surrounded by four σ-C–C bonds, which opens up the three-dimensional space, is an unresolved problem in synthetic chemistry. We report the synthesis and application of the diazosulfur ylide Ph
2
S=C=N
2
reagent that combines the reactivity of both sulfur ylides and diazo compounds to create carbon spiro-centers in a general fashion by the sequential or single-step installation of a C(sp
3
)-atom. New C–C and C–X (where X is O or N) bonds can be created around the C(sp
3
)-atom, which can ultimately be extended to four C–C σ-bonds in one step without resorting to transition metal catalysis. Ph
2
SCN
2
can also be used to access highly strained frameworks containing (oxa)spiro[2.2]pentanes as well as tricyclic spiro-compounds.
Material-like robotic collectives with spatiotemporal control of strength and shape
Authors: Devlin Matthew R. , Kim Sangwoo , Campàs Otger , Hawkes Elliot W.
Published: February 2025

The vision of robotic materials—cohesive collectives of robotic units that can arrange into virtually any form with any physical properties—has long intrigued both science and fiction. Yet, this vision requires a fundamental physical challenge to be overcome: The collective must be strong, to support loads, yet flow, to take new forms. We achieve this in a material-like robotic collective by modulating the interunit tangential forces to control topological rearrangements of units within a tightly packed structure. This allows local control of rigidity transitions between solid and fluid-like states in the collective and enables spatiotemporal control of shape and strength. We demonstrate structure-forming and healing and show the collective supporting 700 newtons (500 times the weight of a robot) before “melting” under its own weight.
Varicella: is it time for a global vaccination programme?
Authors: Wooding Eva Louise , Kadambari Seilesh , Warris Adilia
Published: February 2025

Varicella, known as chickenpox, is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), with an estimated 84 million cases annually. It primarily affects children, for most of whom it is a self-limiting illness. However, there are an estimated 950 000 disability-adjusted life years attributed to VZV annually, disproportionately affecting lower-income settings. Children with impaired immunity and neonates are particularly at risk for severe varicella. Epidemiology varies between tropical and temperate regions with infections occurring at an earlier age in temperate climates.

Varicella is a vaccine-preventable disease and over 40 countries have a universal one-dose or two-dose paediatric immunisation programme, either administered alone or combined with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination (MMRV). The UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation recommended the introduction of MMRV in November 2024. The vaccine, whether monovalent or MMRV, is effective in reducing varicella cases and hospital admissions, and two-dose regimens have further reduced breakthrough infections of shingles, a recognised concern in varicella vaccination programmes. Long-term data on shingles incidence in later life are not yet available and may be mitigated through paired universal shingles vaccination programmes for adults.

Cost-effectiveness studies in high-resource settings support vaccination due to reduced hospitalisations and societal costs, such as missed caregiver employment. However, more research is needed for lower-resource regions to determine whether universal vaccination is feasible and cost-effective. While global varicella elimination is unlikely without sterilising immunity, vaccination can significantly reduce the disease burden, depending on regional epidemiology and available resources.
Screening parents of children with a chronic condition for mental health problems: a systematic review
Authors: Coscini Nadia , McMahon Grace , Schulz Madison , Hosking Casey , Mulraney Melissa , Grobler Anneke , Hiscock Harriet , Giallo Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Objective

Parents of children with a chronic condition (CC) have a high prevalence of mental health (MH) difficulties. It is not known whether establishing screening programmes in paediatric clinics to identify parental MH difficulties increases detection or referrals to support services. We aimed to identify approaches to routine screening programmes for parents of children with a CC attending hospital outpatient clinics (aim 1); associated prevalence of MH symptoms (aim 2); and whether screening impacted referrals to, and uptake of, MH services (aim 3).

Design

Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched between January 2000 and December 2023. Studies were selected if they conducted routine screening of MH of parents of children with CCs (aged <18 years). Study characteristics, population demographics and information on screening tools, MH symptoms and referral pathways were extracted.

Results

Eight articles met the inclusion criteria from 8673 screened. The prevalence of elevated parental MH symptoms ranged between 9.6% and 62.9% for anxiety and 7.7% and 57.0% for depression. Two studies using the Distress Thermometer for Parents found 3.3%–57.0% had elevated levels of ‘clinical distress’. There was limited detail on referral pathways, referrals made and uptake.

Conclusions

Elevated MH symptoms are common in parents of children with CCs, but there is wide variability in outcomes. More research is required to understand this and how best to identify and screen for and support parents with referrals to and uptake of services for their MH.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023438720.
Protocol for the process evaluation for a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating primary school-based screening and intervention delivery for childhood anxiety problems
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Larkin Michael , Reardon Tessa , Stallard Paul , Spence Susan H , Macdonald Ian , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ford Tamsin , Violato Mara , Sniehotta Falko F , Stainer Jason , Gray Alastair , Brown Paul , Sancho Michelle , Morgan Fran , Jasper Bec , Taylor Lucy , Creswell Cathy
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Anxiety problems are prevalent in childhood and, without intervention, can persist into adulthood. Effective evidence-based interventions for childhood anxiety disorders exist, specifically cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in a range of formats. However, only a small proportion of children successfully access and receive treatment. Conducting mental health screening in schools and integrating evidence-based interventions for childhood anxiety problems may be an effective way to ensure support reaches children in need. The Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools—Identification to Intervention (iCATS i2i) trial involves screening for childhood anxiety problems and offering a brief online parent-led CBT intervention. This paper presents the protocol for the process evaluation of the iCATS i2i trial, which aims to examine the implementation and acceptability of the study procedures, the mechanisms of change and whether any external factors had an impact on procedure engagement or delivery.

Methods and analysis

This process evaluation will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the implementation and acceptability of and barriers/facilitators to engagement and delivery of the iCATS screening/intervention procedures. Quantitative data sources will include opt-out and completion rates of baseline measures and usage analytics extracted from the online intervention platform. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with children, parents, school staff, iCATS i2i clinicians and researchers delivering study procedures. The Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations will guide study design and analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethical approval from the University of Oxford Research Ethics Committee (R66068_RE003). Findings from the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications in academic journals, conferences, digital and social media platforms and stakeholder meetings.

Trial registration

ISRCTN76119074.
Burnout and staff experiences of health inequalities in children’s hospitals: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Lunn Judith , Brennan Louise , Brewster Liz , Hindocha Avni , Patel Pallavi , Stowell Caroline , Isba Rachel
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To identify burnout constructs from descriptions of staff experiences of health inequalities operating across paediatric specialist hospitals and to categorise the constructs according to Leiter and Maslach’s six Areas of Worklife (AWL) model of burnout.

Design

A secondary data analysis of a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups.

Setting

The interviews and focus groups were conducted within nine children’s hospitals in England.

Participants

The dataset included responses from 217 individual staff members occupying various roles: leadership, clinical, professional and support. All staff who volunteered to participate were included in the study.

Results

The results of this exploratory analysis showed that psychological burnout constructs were frequently embedded in hospital staff’s descriptions of their experiences of health inequalities in hospitals, and relevant excerpts were found for all six domains of the AWL model. Staff described a work environment where socioeconomic disparities increased workload pressures, but efforts to improve services were frustrated by a perceived lack of control in decision making or professional recognition. There was ambiguity of role-based responsibilities for tackling health inequalities and an imbalance between organisational practices and personal and professional values of social justice.

Conclusions

There is a reciprocal relationship between health inequalities and burnout experienced by healthcare professionals operating within specialist children’s hospital settings. The extant knowledge and approaches to health inequalities and occupational burnout should be considered in tandem, integrated into quality improvement and operationalised within paediatric healthcare organisations to improve safety and quality of care.
Adaptive decision support for addiction treatment to implement initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the emergency department: protocol for the ADAPT Multiphase Optimization Strategy trial
Authors: Iscoe Mark S , Diniz Hooper Carolina , Levy Deborah R , Buchanan Laurel , Dziura James , Meeker Daniella , Taylor Richard Andrew , D’Onofrio Gail , Oladele Carol , Sarpong Daniel F , Paek Hyung , Wilson Francis P , Heagerty Patrick J , Delgado Mucio Kit , Hoppe Jason , Melnick Edward R
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Despite the current opioid crisis resulting in tens of thousands of deaths every year, buprenorphine, a medication that can reduce opioid-related mortality, withdrawal, drug use and craving, is still underprescribed in the emergency department (ED) for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). The EMergency department-initiated BuprenorphinE for opioid use Disorder (EMBED) trial introduced a clinical decision support (CDS) tool that improved the proportion of ED physicians prescribing buprenorphine but did not affect patient-level rates of buprenorphine initiation. The present trial aims to build on these findings by optimising CDS use through iterative improvements, refined interventions and clinician feedback to enhance OUD treatment initiation in EDs.

Methods and analysis

The Adaptive Decision support for Addiction Treatment (ADAPT) trial employs the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework to refine a multicomponent CDS tool designed to facilitate buprenorphine initiation for OUD in ED settings. Using a pragmatic, learning health system approach in three phases, the trial applies plan–do–study–act cycles for continuous CDS refinement. The CDS will be updated in the preparation phase to reflect new evidence. The optimisation phase will include a 2×2×2 factorial trial, testing the impact of various intervention components, followed by rapid, serial randomised usability testing to reduce user errors and enhance CDS workflow efficiency. In the evaluation phase, the optimised CDS package will be tested in a randomised trial to assess its effectiveness in increasing ED initiation of buprenorphine compared with the original EMBED CDS.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has received approval from our institution’s institutional review board (protocol #2000038624) with a waiver of informed consent for collecting non-identifiable information only. Given the minimal risk involved in implementing established best practices, an independent study monitor will oversee the study instead of a Data Safety Monitoring Board. Findings will be submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov, published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals, presented at national conferences and shared with clinicians at participating sites through email notification.

Trial registration number

NCT06799117.
UK defence rehabilitation review of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy conservative management: a systematic review
Authors: Judd Alice , Wild K , Puxley L , Barker-Davies R
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Tendinopathy is a common condition affecting physically active populations, such as the military. Diagnosis is clinical, with no gold-standard tests. The role of imaging and functional assessment in subdiagnosis is an active area of research with the hope of delivering more nuanced and clinically effective management. A vast array of injectable and adjunctive therapies have been proposed with varying, and at times, conflicting evidence. Multiple methods for exercise therapy exist, but increasingly tendinopathy is recognised as a heterogeneous condition not suited to a one-size-fits-all approach. The aim was to complete a systematic review, to appraise the recent evidence for conservative management of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team from across defence rehabilitation searched PubMed for literature dating from May 2017 to July 2023. Four key areas were searched: diagnosis and outcome measures, medical, exercise and adjuncts.

Results

A total of 840 articles were identified. Articles were screened using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Following screening and abstract review, a total of 143 were included for full review. Due to the breadth of literature and large heterogeneity of studies, meta-analysis of results was not feasible. Articles were assessed against the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine criteria.

Conclusions

The literature review found the strongest evidence for exercise-based rehabilitation as first-line treatment, with limited evidence for medical interventions and adjuncts. The primacy of stand-alone loading modalities is challenged by developing literature supporting a progressive tendon loading exercise protocol (PTLE). PTLE represents a framework where various exercise modalities are prescribed based on the individual’s capacity and function. Novel interventions should be practised with caution and not conducted as monotherapy.
Thermodynamic properties of a Gaussian quantum ring in the presence of a molecular ion
Authors: Sakiroglu S. , Tuzemen A. Turker , Türk G. Eyceyurt , Sari H.
Published: February 2025

In this study, the findings of research conducted into the thermodynamic properties of a molecular complex ion in a 2D quantum ring characterized by Gaussian-type potentials are presented. The Schrödinger equation for a singly ionized double donor complex was solved by a two-dimensional diagonalization method. The results obtained show that at the internuclear distance, where there is coupling between the Coulomb centers such that the electron is shared by both impurity atoms, the mean energy and entropy of the system are minimal. A further finding is that in the regime where the distance between impurity atoms is comparable to the inner radius of the quantum ring, the heat capacity of the system undergoes significant changes with temperature.
Post-collisional tectonic evolution of the north branch of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: evidence from Early Devonian I- and A-type granite at the eastern end of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Lin Hao , Li Zuochen , Pei Xianzhi , Wang Meng , Zhou Hai , Zhao Shaowei , Qin Li , Wang Mao , Gao Feng
Published: February 2025

The Early Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt provide crucial insights into the deep crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. This study presents geochronological, geochemical, and Lu-Hf isotopic for three representative plutons. The Pandaoshi (415 Ma) and Nantouhe (414 Ma) plutons are I-type granite with high SiO
2
contents (71.65-74.21 wt%, 73.09-74.24 wt%), Mg
#
values (38.2-44.6, 42.3-51.3), negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.54-0.71, 0.55-0.71). The Pandaoshi pluton has evolved

ε

Hf
(
t
) values (-6.8∼+8.9), indicating it formed from partial melting of ancient crust mixed with mantle-derived material. The Nantouhe pluton has positive

ε

Hf
(
t
) values (+4.9 to +8.9), suggesting it formed through partial melting of juvenile crustal material with addition of mantle–derived materials. The Guanshanhe pluton (411-412 Ma) is A
2
-type granite with high SiO
2
contents (72.33-75.22 wt%), and Mg
#
values (33.8-45.6). It exhibits negative

ε

Hf
(
t
) values (-25.6 to -20.2), indicating that it formed from partial melting of the ancient crust. Three plutons were formed in a post-collisional orogenic phase. We propose the subduction of the Wushan-Shangdan Ocean, forming the Hongtubao back-arc limited ocean basin, and the collision between the North Qinling Orogenic Belt and the North Qilian terrane due to the closure of the Hongtubao Ocean.
Assessing the Role of Dolomite in Oil Trapping in
In-situ
Brazilian Pre-salt Carbonate Reservoirs by Pore-Scale Modelling and Simulation
Authors: Herlinger Ronaldo , De Ros Luiz Fernando , Vidal Alexandre Campane
Published: February 2025

The main Aptian Pre-salt
in-situ
facies were modelled in 3D pore-scale to evaluate the impact of diagenetic textures; specifically, the influence of matrix-replacive dolomite on pore system development. Our objective is to evaluate how these textures affect residual oil saturation (Sor) under water- and oil-wet conditions through pore-scale simulations. We developed 12 models with varying proportions of dolomite and calcite spherulites, three models with calcite shrubs, 21 models with shrubs and regularly-spaced dolomite, and 9 models with shrubs and heterogeneously arranged dolomites. The methodology involved evaluating the tortuosity, surface area, and size distribution of pores and throats. Additionally, the Quasi-Static Morphology method was used to estimate the Sor. The results indicated dolomite significantly affects the pore system, leading to a more uniform medium, a decrease in the throat-to-pore size ratio, and an increase in surface area. The increase of dolomite decreases Sor in water-wet conditions. Conversely, in oil-wet simulations, increasing dolomite leads to an increase in oil entrapment. Previous research on waterflood experiments concluded that
in-situ
facies with high content of replacive dolomite tend to show low Sor. Hence, it is probable that much of the oil trapped in these rocks is a result of the snap-off under water- or mixed-wet conditions.
SnapCC
: Effective File System Consistency Testing Using Systematic State Exploration
Authors: Liu Jianzhong , Shen Yuheng , Xu Yiru , Sun Hao , Jiang Yu
Published: February 2025

Modern file systems have become increasingly feature-rich and highly complex, making crash consistency increasingly difficult to perform correctly. Thoroughly testing file systems for crash consistency bugs, however, is difficult to achieve good results due to insufficient state exploration, a lack of guidance for test case generation, and missing support for modern file system features.

In this paper, we present a new approach towards testing file system consistency: systematic file system persistent state exploration. In contrast to previous efforts, our design addresses these shortcomings through testing the crash consistency property of file systems
systematically
using the following procedures. Initially, we use system call generation and execution feedback from fuzzers to generate workloads that stress the file system code. During this process, we systematically explore all possible persistent states of the underlying file system for the given workload, and subsequently use them as file system image inputs for the crash recovery routines to produce a corresponding file system state. After the file system finishes processing an image input, we deploy an efficient file system checker to compare the contents of the image to that of a correct image and determine whether the image is inconsistent, consequently determining whether we has triggered a crash consistency bug in the underlying file system.

We implement a prototype tool
SnapCC
and deployed it for testing multiple mainstream file systems on Linux. We compared its effectiveness along with other relevant tools Hydra and B3, where our results show that
SnapCC
achieves

\(16\%\)

to

\(44\%\)

better coverage over Hydra, and finds

\(15\)

new consistency bugs, whereas B3 and Hydra finds

\(2\)

and

\(6\)

, over a period of 2 weeks, further demonstrating
SnapCC
’s effectiveness in discovering file system consistency bugs. To demonstrate our approach’s adaptability, we also tested
SnapCC
on 5 other file systems, upon which 7 additional bugs were found.
The Role of Ginseng and its Bioactive Compounds in Aging: Cells and Animal Studies
Authors: Lee Da-Yeon , Noren Hooten Nicole , O'Connell Jennifer F. , Lee Boo-Yong , Kim Yoo
Published: February 2025

Aging is an inevitable process that is characterized by physiological deterioration and increased vulnerability to stressors. Therefore, the interest in hallmarks, mechanisms, and ways to delay or prevent aging has grown for decades. Natural plant products and their bioactive compounds have been studied as a promising strategy to overcome aging. Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine, and its bioactive compound, the ginsenosides, have increasingly gained attention because of various pharmacological functions. This review introduces the species, useful parts, characteristics, and active components of ginseng. It primarily focuses on the bioconversion of ginsenosides through the unique steaming and drying process. More importantly, this review enumerates the antiaging mechanisms of ginseng, ginsenosides, and other bioactive compounds, highlighting their potential to extend the health span and mitigate age-related diseases based on twelve representative hallmarks of aging.
Differential Diagnosis of Hydrops Fetalis: An Imaging Guide
Authors: Dalton Susan E. , Griffith April M. , Kennedy Anne M. , Woodward Paula J.
Published: February 2025

Hydrops fetalis has many potential causes and a grave prognosis without treatment, and diagnosis requires a stepwise evaluation, starting with assessing fetal anemia to narrow the differential diagnosis and guide treatment options.
Identifying Equivalent Circuits of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using CNN-LSTM
Authors: Yang Changjiang , Gao Bo-bin , Chang Jun , Zhang Li-hua
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely utilized in electrochemical studies, and equivalent circuits are usually the first and crucial step in analyzing impedance data. In this study, an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approach combining convolution neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed to identify equivalent circuits. The simulated data were preprocessed to construct a dataset for the CNN to extract the characteristic EIS feature. The stacked LSTM network was used to detect the in-depth sequence features of the EIS, and then the equivalent circuit recognition result was obtained. Initial experiments indicate that compared with standalone CNN, LSTM, and their improved models, the accuracy of CNN-LSTM model reaches 93.27%, and the accuracy, recall and F1 score improved by at least 1.11 %,0.87 % and 0.66 %, respectively. Finally, the model was further validated using impedance data from lithium-ion batteries, demonstrating consistent probability distributions of equivalent circuits compared to circuit fitting results. These findings confirm the effectiveness of CNN-LSTM model in identifying equivalent circuit models for EIS data.
Frontiers and Hotspot Evolution of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myocardial Infarction Research: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2013 to 2024
Authors: Wu Jin-wen , Lan Qi , Zhang Ding-shan , Jian Yu-hong , Yu Lin , Hao Rui , Liu Ping , Luo Gang , Chen Ming-tai , Liu Meng-nan
Published: February 2025

The NACHT, leucine‐rich repeat, and pyrin domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an essential role in myocardial infarction (MI) development. Up to now, no bibliometric analyses of NLRP3 in MI have been performed. Publications related to NLRP3 in MI from 1 January 2013 to 20 August 2024 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). HistCite Pro, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and bibliometric online analysis program were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. The impact of publications was assessed using the total global citation score (TGCS). A total of 324 articles (284 articles and 40 reviews) were included. China has published the most in this field, followed by the United States. Harbin Medical University was the leading institution for research related to NLRP3 in MI. Professor Abbate A. from the United States has made significant achievements in this field. International Immunopharmacology was the most active journal and Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology was the most cited journal. This study systematically summarizes the research results of NLRP3 in MI over the past 12 years. NLRP3 in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) will become a hot research topic, and translational research on NLRP3 inhibitors in MIRI will benefit a greater number of patients.
Intelligent Sensing and Identification of Spectrum Anomalies With Alpha‐Stable Noise
Authors: Liu Mingqian , Wen Zhaoxi , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Junlin , Cheng Huigui , Zhao Nan
Published: February 2025

As the electromagnetic environment becomes more complex, a significant number of interferences and malfunctions of authorized equipment can result in anomalies in spectrum usage. Utilizing intelligent spectrum technology to sense and identify anomalies in the electromagnetic space is of great significance for the efficient use of the electromagnetic space. In this paper, a method for intelligent sensing and identification of anomalies in spectrum with alpha‐stable noise is proposed. First, we use a delayed feedback network (DFN) to suppress alpha‐stable noise. Then, we use a long short‐term memory (LSTM) autoencoder‐based attention mechanism to sense anomaly. Finally, we use the deep forest model to identify abnormal spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively suppresses alpha‐stable noise, and it outperforms existing methods in abnormal spectrum sensing and identification.
Real-World- und Patienten-berichtete Outcomes von Dupilumab und anderen Biopharmazeutika für die chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Freund Ophir , Wand Ori , Kutzkel Sara , Tiran Boaz , Pumin Irina , Regev Inbal Friedman , Levy Liran , Bar-Shai Amir
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde in verschiedenen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (RCT) die Wirksamkeit biologischer Therapien für COPD untersucht. Dennoch wurde in diesem Bereich noch keine Auswertung von Real-World-Daten und Kennzahlen bezüglich Patienten-berichteter Outcomes (PROM) durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit stellen wir eine systematische Literaturübersicht der Real-World-Daten und PROM von biologischen Behandlungen für COPD vor. Methoden: Für die systematische Literaturübersicht wurden 3 große Datenbanken (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus und ScienceDirect) herangezogen. Eingeschlossen wurden klinische Studien (RCT, Kohortenstudien, Fallserien/-berichte), in denen COPD-Patienten, die mit einer biologischen Therapie behandelt wurden, evaluiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Die Übersicht ergab 12 geeignete Studien (9 RCT und 3 «Real-World»-Fallserien/-berichte). Die Bewertung der PROM in den eingeschlossenen Studien beschränkte sich hauptsächlich auf die Schwere der Atemwegssymptome und die damit einhergehende Belastung. Die meisten biologischen Therapien gingen mit verbesserten PROM im Vergleich zur Baseline einher, allerdings nicht bei Placebo. Dupilumab war sowohl bei objektiven als auch bei subjektiven Messungen die einzige biologische Therapie mit in RCT nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit. Eine frühere Studie berichtete über die von den Patienten selbst wahrgenommenen Arzneimittelwirkungen, während keine Studie den wahrgenommenen Krankheitszustand der Patienten evaluierte. Nur 25 Patienten wurden in einem Real-World-Setting auf alle biologischen Therapien zusammen beurteilt. Die Real-World-Daten waren retrospektiv in Form von Fallberichten oder -serien.
Correlation analysis of serum vitamin C and pelvic organ prolapse in middle-aged and elderly women: based on NHANES database
Authors: Zhou Zexuan , Wei Qiao , Luo Jiashou , Zheng Junchao , Ye Qian , Fan Xin , Fang Meixian
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin C and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in middle-aged and elderly women.
Method: The 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used for cross-sectional study. The quartile method was employed to stratify the concentration of vitamin C. A serum vitamin C and POP weighted logistic regression model was constructed by adjusting for different confounding factors. All confounding factors were adjusted for interaction tests. Subgroup analysis was conducted to delve into the correlation of confounding factors with significant interaction term P-values.
Results: A total of 760 samples were included in this study. There was a negative correlation between serum vitamin C and POP (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.23-0.99, P<0.05), showing that as the concentration of vitamin C increased, the risk of POP tended to decrease. Race, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), alcohol consumption, hysterectomy, and diabetes can greatly influence the association between the two (P for interaction <0.05). Especially in populations with a PIR of 1.3-3.5 (OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.01-0.28, P＜0.001), no alcohol consumption (OR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.07-0.46, P＜0.001), and no hysterectomy (OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.85, P＜0.05), there was a strongly negative correlation between serum vitamin C and the risk of POP.
Conclusion: In middle-aged and elderly women, there is a strong negative correlation between serum vitamin C and the risk of POP, especially in populations with a PIR of 1.3-3.5, no alcohol consumption, and no hysterectomy.
Lungenkrebsscreening: Risikoanpassung und Shared-Decision-Making im Fokus
Authors: Schumann Christian
Published: February 2025

Importance: Addressing poor uptake of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening (LCS) is critical, especially for those having the most to gain-high-benefit persons with high lung cancer risk and life expectancy more than 10 years. Objective: To assess the association between LCS uptake and implementing a prediction-augmented shared decision-making (SDM) tool, which enables clinicians to identify persons predicted to be at high benefit and encourage LCS more strongly for these persons. Design, setting, and participants: Quality improvement interrupted time series study at 6 Veterans Affairs sites that used a standard set of clinical reminders to prompt primary care clinicians and screening coordinators to engage in SDM for LCS-eligible persons. Participants were persons without a history of LCS who met LCS eligibility criteria at the time (aged 55-80 years, smoked ≥30 pack-years, and current smoking or quit <15 years ago) and were not documented to be an inappropriate candidate for LCS by a clinician during October 2017 through September 2019. Data were analyzed from September to November 2023. Exposure: Decision support tool augmented by a prediction model that helps clinicians personalize SDM for LCS, tailoring the strength of screening encouragement according to predicted benefit. Main outcome and measure: LCS uptake. Results: In a cohort of 9904 individuals, the median (IQR) age was 64 (57-69) years; 9277 (94%) were male, 1537 (16%) were Black, 8159 (82%) were White, 5153 (52%) were predicted to be at intermediate (preference-sensitive) benefit and 4751 (48%) at high benefit, and 1084 (11%) received screening during the study period. Following implementation of the tool, higher rates of LCS uptake were observed overall along with an increase in benefit-based LCS uptake (higher screening uptake among persons anticipated to be at high benefit compared with those at intermediate benefit; primary analysis). Mean (SD) predicted probability of getting screened for a high-benefit person was 24.8% (15.5%) vs 15.8% (11.8%) for a person at intermediate benefit (mean absolute difference 9.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.6%-16.5%). Conclusions and relevance: Implementing a robust approach to personalized LCS, which integrates SDM, and a decision support tool augmented by a prediction model, are associated with improved uptake of LCS and may be particularly important for those most likely to benefit. These findings are timely given the ongoing poor rates of LCS uptake.
Using disease symptomatology to guide treatment in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: introduction of C-CAT scoring tool
Authors: Qadri Aasheen , Will Elizabeth , Aguh Crystal
Published: February 2025

Background: Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a progressive scarring alopecia. No disease activity scale exists, making assessment of therapeutic intervention difficult.
Objective: This study introduces the CCCA Clinical Assessment Tool (C-CAT), a novel scale that quantifies symptom severity to facilitate tailored treatment and track disease progression.
Methods: A retrospective review of patients with CCCA were assessed on degree of pruritus, erythema, pain, disease progression, and scalp resistance, each scored from 0-2, over the course of a minimum of six months of therapy.
Results: Eighty-two patients were included. The average initial C-CAT score was 3.4, consistent with mild to moderate disease activity. After six months of treatment, 88% of patients had improvement in score, with 48% of all patients achieving remission. Intralesional kenalog injections and topical clobetasol were the most commonly used therapies. Patients required an average of 3.6 different treatments to achieve therapeutic response.
Limitations: The subjective nature of some C-CAT components may lead to inter-rater variability.
Conclusion: The C-CAT provides a structured, quantitative method to assess CCCA severity, which facilitates tracking of disease improvement for the majority of patients with targeted therapy. This tool promotes personalized, symptom-based treatment and supports clinicians and patients in understanding this complex condition.
Advances in Cardiorenal Medicine; the Year 2024 in Review
Authors: Kazory Amir , Ronco Claudio
Published: February 2025

This is an overview of some of the impactful studies in the field of cardiorenal medicine that were published in 2024.
Inka Numbers, Khipu, and Yupana: a Reanalysis
Authors: Florio Cinzia , Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: February 2025

We review the history of decipherment on the technologies used for numbers by the Inkas – khipus and yupanas. We offer a novel interpretation of the portable “checkerboard” yupana drawn in 1615, revealing a numerical algorithm. This analysis sheds new light on the Inka number system, questioning its inclusion of a concept of zero and its interpretation as a positional system. We conclude that Inka numbers and computational methods were likely non-positional, analogous to Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman numbers. We show the Inka multiplication method as similar to – but more efficient than – the Egyptian method in the Rhind Papyrus. This analysis shows the Inka number system to have ranked among the great mathematical traditions of the ancient world.
Emotional Processing and Acculturation
Authors: Cruz Ana , Rosa Catarina , Bem-Haja Pedro
Published: February 2025

This work intended to analyse how Chinese people who have different degrees of exposure to Portuguese language make affective assessments of the emotional dimensions of audio stimuli in both Mandarin Chinese and European Portuguese. A sample of 23 native Chinese speakers with different levels of proficiency in Portuguese evaluated the affective valence and physiological arousal of a set of 10 negative, 10 positive, and 10 neutral words, presented in three different versions: a) in Portuguese spoken by a native speaker; b) in Portuguese spoken by a Chinese individual; c) and in Mandarin Chinese spoken by a native speaker. Our results reveal an interesting effect of increasing time of learning of Portuguese. The effects of prosody versus content in perception of emotional speech are verified. A brief analysis on emotional production in a foreign language is also included.
Challenges to International Negotiations Amidst Unstable Global Dynamics
Authors: Spector Bertram I.
Published: February 2025

In a world that is moving from a rules-based international order to one that is more multi-polar, confrontational, and uncertain, international negotiation processes must adapt to the changing context. Negotiators must navigate and adjust in an environment that can be disrupted by changing power dynamics, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, global pandemics, increasing inequalities, illiberal regimes, and climate change, to name just a few. This 30th anniversary issue of International Negotiation explores international negotiation within this volatile context, including what some call a “gathering global disorder.” This article examines the impacts of the current global disorder in the context of two very different cases: the Israel-Gaza conflict and the ongoing implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (uncac).
Exploration and Exploitation of Seabed Minerals in the Tanzanian Maritime Zones and Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction
Authors: Mtavangu Vicent Bartholomew
Published: February 2025

Tanzania is one of the coastal states of the Indian Ocean. It is also an active state party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This international instrument regulates, among others, the exploration and exploitation of seabed minerals, especially in the deep sea. Tanzania has promulgated a law to implement the UNCLOS. Additionally, the country has various regulations to fully benefit from the marine mineral resources found in its maritime domain. However, the existing legal framework does not adequately and comprehensively cover the exploration and exploitation of seabed minerals within the Tanzanian maritime zones and beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, the Area. This means that the current pieces of legislation only and partly touch on mining activities within the territorial sea, continental shelf and the EEZ. None of them regulates seabed mining in the Area. Thus, this article discusses the need for Tanzania to enact comprehensive and adequate legal frameworks governing seabed mining in its maritime zones and the Area.
Revisiting the African Union’s Strategy on Unconstitutional Changes of Governments in Africa
Authors: Mavedzenge Justice Alfred
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Africa has experienced a spike in successful and attempted military coups. This has once again generated debate on the African Union’s approach to the problem of unconstitutional changes of government. This article contributes to this debate by identifying emerging trends of unconstitutional changes of government and analysing the African Union’s response to these trends. The article argues that electoral coups and constitutional coups appear to be the most prevalent forms of unconstitutional changes of governments in Africa. However, the African Union is pre-occupied with military coups while ignoring electoral coups and constitutional coups. This approach is both conceptually and practically defective because it undermines efforts to build democracy on the continent. The African Union has mischaracterized some recent military coups as unconstitutional changes of government. Yet, conceptually, these coups are unconstitutional power grabs which are not necessarily unconstitutional changes of government. By being fixated with military coups while ignoring constitutional and electoral coups, the African Union’s strategy fails to appreciate the nexus between constitutional and electoral coups on the one hand and military coups, on the other hand.