bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose, icodextrin and hyaluronic acid solutions on postoperative intraabdominal adhesion formation in rabbits and the role of cytokines in intraabdominal adhesion formation
Authors: KARASU ABDULLAH , ALTUG NURİ , BAKIR BAHTIYAR , YENER ZABIT
Published: May 2024

In this study, the aim was to investigate the effects of 1% CMC, 4% ICO and 0.4% HA solutions in preventing postoperative IAs and their contribution to peritoneal wound healing, as well as the relationship of cytokines with the formation of postoperative IAs in rabbits. The material of the study consisted of 32 healthy rabbits. Rabbits underwent median laparotomy following general anesthesia. Serosal abraded was created at the antimesenteric border of the cecum. Next, a 3 × 2 cm peritoneum was excised on the right abdominal wall and the defect was closed using with a 2/0 silk suture. The rabbits were randomly assigned to either of the following four treatment groups: CNT (0.9% NaCl), ICO (4% icodextrin), HA (0.4% hyaluronic acid) and CMC (1% carboxymethyl cellulose). Both cecum and peritoneal surfaces were treated with 20 ml each of treatment solutions. On the 7th postoperative day, the rabbits were euthanized with a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital and the degree of adhesion was evaluated. Samples taken from the peritoneal defect were examined histopathologically and tissue hydroxyproline levels were measured. Serum TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 levels were measured from blood samples taken before the surgery and at 1, 6, 24 and 48 hours after the surgery. It was observed that the adhesion grade in the HA group (p < 0.05) and CMC group (p < 0.01) was significantly lower than the control group. Although peritoneal tissue hydroxyproline levels were lower in the other groups compared to the control group, they were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In rabbits with adhesion formation, it was determined that TNF-α levels increased at the 6th postoperative hour (p < 0.05), and IL-6 levels increased at the 6th, 24th and 48th postoperative hours (p < 0.001) compared to preoperative. In this study, treating tissues with 0.4% HA and 1% CMC solutions suppressed peritoneal inflammation, and this resulted in an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. It has been determined that the application of these solutions reduces postoperative adhesion formation. It was concluded that TNF-α and especially IL-6, which are proinflammatory cytokines, can be a non-invasive biomarker in determining postoperative IA formation and evaluating the adhesive process.
Study on cultivation of aerobic granular sludge and its application in degrading lignin models in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
Authors: Peng Jingran , Lei Lirong , Hou Yi , Chen Shuangshuang
Published: May 2024

In this study, three sequencing batch biofilter granular reactors (SBBGRs) were employed to treat model lignin wastewater containing different lignin models (2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin). After 40 days of cultivation, uniform-shaped aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was successfully developed through nutrient supplementation with synthetic wastewater. During the acclimation stage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiencies of the three reactors showed a trend of initial decreasing (5–20%) and then recovering to a high reduction efficiency (exceeding 90%) in a short period of time. During the stable operation stage, all three reactors achieved COD reduction efficiencies exceeding 90%. These findings indicated the cultivated AGS's robust resistance to changes in lignin models in water. UV–Vis spectra analysis confirmed the effective degradation of the three lignin models. Microbiological analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were always the dominant phyla. At the genus level, while Acinetobacter (15.46%) dominated in the inoculation sludge, Kapabacteriales (7.93%), SBR1031 (11.77%), and Chlorobium (25.37%) were dominant in the three reactors (for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin) after degradation, respectively. These findings demonstrate that AGS cultured with SBBGR effectively degrades lignin models, with different dominant strains observed for various lignin models.
Effects of Cycloastragenol on Alzheimer's Disease in Rats by Reducing
Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis
Authors: Alharbi Kadi M. , Alshehri Shahad A. , Almarwani Wasayf A. , Aljohani Khulud K. , Albalawi Ajwan Z. , Alatawi Areej S. , Al-Atwi Shekha M. , Alhwyty Lama S. , Hassan Hanan M. , Al-Gayyar Mohammed M.H.
Published: May 2024

Background:

As individuals age, they may develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is
characterized by difficulties in speech, memory loss, and other issues related to neural function.
Cycloastragenol is an active ingredient of Astragalus trojanus and has been used to treat inflammation,
aging, heart disease, and cancer.

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of cycloastragenol in
rats with experimentally induced AD. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms were also
evaluated by measuring Nrf2 and HO-1, which are involved in oxidative stress, NFκB and TNF-α,
which are involved in inflammation, and BCL2, BAX, and caspase-3, which are involved in apoptosis.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats were given 70 mg/kg of aluminum chloride intraperitoneally daily
for six weeks to induce AD. Following AD induction, the rats were given 25 mg/kg of cycloastragenol
daily by oral gavage for three weeks. Hippocampal sections were stained with hematoxylin/
eosin and with anti-caspase-3 antibodies. The Nrf2, HO-1, NFκB, TNF-α, BCL2, BAX,
and caspase-3 gene expressions and protein levels in the samples were analyzed.

Results:

Cycloastragenol significantly improved rats' behavioral test performance. It also
strengthened the organization of the hippocampus. Cycloastragenol significantly improved behavioral
performance and improved hippocampal structure in rats. It caused a marked decrease in
the expression of NFκB, TNF-α, BAX, and caspase-3, which was associated with an increase in
the expression of BCL2, Nrf2, and HO-1.

Conclusion:

Cycloastragenol improved the structure of the hippocampus in rats with AD. It enhanced
the outcomes of behavioral tests, decreased the concentration of AChE in the brain, and exerted
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antiapoptotic effects were also noted, leading to
significant improvements in cognitive function, memory, and behavior in treated rats.
Super-resolution based Nodule Localization in Thyroid Ultrasound Images
through Deep Learning
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Qiang , Peng Shiyi , Tan Xingli
Published: May 2024

Background::

Currently, it is difficult to find a solution to the inverse inappropriate problem, which involves restoring a high-resolution image from a lowresolution
image contained within a single image. In nature photography, one can capture a wide variety of objects and textures, each with its own
characteristics, most notably the high-frequency component. These qualities can be distinguished from each other by looking at the pictures.

Objective::

The goal is to develop an automated approach to identify thyroid nodules on ultrasound images. The aim of this research is to accurately
differentiate thyroid nodules using Deep Learning Technique and to evaluate the effectiveness of different localization techniques.

Methods::

The method used in this research is to reconstruct a single super-resolution image based on segmentation and classification. The poor-quality
ultrasound image is divided into several parts, and the best applicable classification is chosen for each component. Pairs of high- and lowresolution
images belonging to the same class are found and used to figure out which image is high-resolution for each segment. Deep learning
technology, specifically the Adam classifier, is used to identify carcinoid tumors within thyroid nodules. Measures, such as localization accuracy,
sensitivity, specificity, dice loss, ROC, and area under the curve (AUC), are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques.

Results::

The results of the proposed method are superior, both statistically and qualitatively, compared to other methods that are considered one of the latest
and best technologies. The developed automated approach shows promising results in accurately identifying thyroid nodules on ultrasound images.

Conclusion::

The research demonstrates the development of an automated approach to identify thyroid nodules within ultrasound images using super-resolution
single-image reconstruction and deep learning technology. The results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the latest and best
techniques in terms of accuracy and quality. This research contributes to the advancement of medical imaging and holds the potential to improve
the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules.
Revealing the Enhanced Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic Activity of In2S3/CeO2 Heterojunction: Bandgap Structure Analysis and Active
Radicals Determination
Authors: Ni Jingbo , Chen Xinxin , Wang Deyong , Kristensen Peter Kjær , Boffa Vittorio
Published: May 2024

Background:

The widespread presence of persistent organic pollutants, such as dyes in
effluent from printing and textile industries, poses a significant threat to aquatic life and human
health. Photocatalytic degradation is widely recognized as a promising technology to address this
pollution crisis. The efficiency of photocatalysis is intricately tied to both the active radicals and the
band structure of the catalyst. These factors play a crucial role in governing the photodegradation of
dye molecules.

Methods:

In2S3/CeO2 heterojunctions were synthesized using an in-situ precipitation method and
subsequently analyzed through SEM, XRD, and XPS techniques. Notably, the bandgap structure of
the heterojunctions was examined through UV-Vis DRS. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized
samples was assessed by studying the degradation of methyl orange. To further validate the
photocatalytic process, EPR spectroscopy was employed to confirm the presence of radicals generated
within the heterojunction.

Results:

The heterojunction displayed a characteristic type-II structure, enhancing light absorption
and facilitating the separation of photoinduced carriers. Among the In2S3/CeO2 composites, the one
with a 15 wt% CeO2 content exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving an 88% degradation
of methyl orange after 90 min of exposure to visible light irradiation. Additionally, •O2
− is identified
as the primary active species responsible for degradation.

Conclusion:

UV-Vis DRS illustrated the improved transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons
attributed to the optimized band structure of the heterojunction. EPR spectroscopy yielded valuable
information on active radicals, thereby proposing the photocatalytic degradation mechanism.
Study on 13C MultiCP/MAS ssNMR Analysis of Tobacco Pectin
Authors: Ye Xin , Xu Zhenyu , Xu Da , Cai Jibao , Dai Shuiping , Luo Yuting , Guo Lei , Wang Ying , Su Jiakun , Yang Jun
Published: May 2024

Background:

As one of the most important economic crops, tobacco products have a long
history and dominate the development of the world economy. Pectin, as a complex colloidal substance
widely present in plant cell walls, its content is an important factor affecting the safety of
tobacco smoking.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the content and structure of pectin in tobacco samples

Methods:

In this study, tobacco pectin was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid extraction,
and the 13C MultiCP/MAS NMR spectral analysis of pectin was conducted.

Results:

The type of extractant, duration of ultrasonication, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid
ratio were optimized. Under the conditions of using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
([Bmim]BF4) as the extractant, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL, and the ultrasonic power of 600 w
for 30 min at 30°C, the yield of 23.7% of tobacco stem pectin and the purity of 54.2% could be obtained.
The optimized MultiCP sequence parameters, with 10 CP cycles of 1.0 ms and the repolarization
time of 50 ms could obtain high-resolution spectra within a time of 1.0 h. The C-6 peaks of the
pectin in spectra were fitted using the spectral deconvolution technique and calculated the methylesterification
(DM) of the tobacco pectin, which was generally less than 50% and belonged to the
low methyl esterification pectin. The pectin content of the tobacco sample was calculated using the
standard curve method with the addition of dimethyl sulfone (DMS) as an internal reference. The
results of this method were consistent with the colorimetric method.

Conclusion:

The 13C MultiCP/MAS NMR method has the advantages of being green, fast, and accurate
and provides a new technical tool for quantitative and qualitative studies of cell wall substances
in tobacco samples.
Amlodipine Protects against Methotrexate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats
Authors: Kutbi Dina
Published: May 2024

Background

Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapy drug with known nephrotoxic effects, including the potential for acute kidney injury. However, the precise mechanism through which MTX induces nephrotoxicity remains unclear, though oxidative stress and direct toxic effects on renal tubules are believed to play key roles. Recent studies suggest that calcium channel blockers may offer promise in slowing down the progression of chronic kidney diseases.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, to alleviate acute kidney injury caused by the administration of MTX in rats.

Methods

Three groups of twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned: Group 1—the control group was given normal saline orally. Group II, underwent five days of continuous administration of a single intraperitoneal (IP) dosage of 20 mg/kg MTX. The same dosage of MTX was given to Group III followed by an oral dose of Amlodipine at 5 mg/kg over the same period. Upon completion of the experiment, serum biochemical parameters, renal damage markers, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and kidney tissue histology were assessed.

Results

The results indicate that MTX administration significantly increased the levels of serum biochemical parameters, renal damage markers, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and induced alterations in kidney histology. However, the administration of Amlodipine following MTX treatment protected against these changes.

Conclusion

Amlodipine exhibits therapeutic potential in mitigating MTX-induced kidney injury in rats and its associated side effects.
Regulation of the Properties of Polymers based on Thiirane using Mixtures of Amine Hardeners
Authors: Kochergin Yuriy , He Qing , Hryhorenko Tetiana , Meng Xiangli
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The possibility of regulating the curing rate and the complex
of adhesive, deformation-strength and dynamic mechanical properties of polymers
based on bisphenol A dithioester (thiirane) using a mixture of amine hardeners of various
chemical nature is investigated.

Method:

Diethylenetriamine, diethylenetriaminomethylphenol and aminopolyamide
were investigated as hardeners. The ratio of the components of the mixed hardener is
selected, which provides the best combination of strength properties.

Results:

It was found that the rate of adhesion and cohesive strength at the initial stage
(during the first hour) of curing compositions containing a mixture hardener significantly
exceeds compositions cured by individual components of the mixture.

Conclusion:

The results of measuring the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the
studied polymers indicate that the dynamic modulus of elasticity, measured at temperatures
below and above the transition from a glassy state to a high elastic one, for a
sample containing a mixed hardener has an intermediate value between the values
characteristic of samples containing individual components of a mixed hardener.
Role of Biomass Gasification in Achieving Circular Economy
Authors: Vinayak Anil Kumar , Ashokan Hridya , Sinha Sanyukta , Halkara Yogita , Gurumoorthy Anand V.P.
Published: May 2024

:

Growing awareness of environmental concerns and the prioritisation of environmental
stewardship necessitates the incorporation of sustainability practices that are
both economical and profitable. This involves transforming existing industrial practices
from the ‘take-make-waste’ approach to one that aligns with the principles of a circular
economy. This includes the use and restoration of bioreserves or the cycling of products in
a manner that minimizes waste generation by employing the concepts of reuse and recycling.
The adoption of circular economy principles is especially critical in energy-intensive
industries, and there is increased attention to implementing these principles through biomass
gasification. Various methodologies exist for utilizing the potential of biomass by
employing biomass gasification to achieve the desired levels of energy output. Techniques
incorporating circular economy principles for biomass gasification have become increasingly
sought after and achieved widespread implementation in the past few decades. In this
paper, we examine the principle of a circular economy and how biomass gasification can
be leveraged in processes requiring high-energy input to achieve the same.
Emerging and Sustainable Material Technology: The Future of Fire Safety
Authors: Charak Akhil , Karloopia Jimmy , Verma Amit , Kumar Ravi , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: May 2024

Residential, workplace, commercial & wildfires claim and injure millions of
people and cause trillions of dollars worth of property damage worldwide, considering
both natural & man-made resources. The current review paper provides a clean, clear,
cohesively complete and convincing review of the emergence of new and sustainable
emergent material additives that improve fire-retardant properties and thermal stability,
as well as their applications for the safety and protection of life and property in
buildings. Globally emerging materials have entered the realms of construction,
protection of critical apparatus, and self-protection equipment, thereby revolutionizing
the level of fire protection for both people and materials. However, cost, application
difficulty, mass-scale availability, and a lack of knowledge have frequently led to a
lack of focus on preventing this calamity. In addition, emerging materials technologies
can contribute to sustainable development by considerably enhancing the fire-retardant
properties of recyclable waste, including both biological waste and industrial waste.
Unemployment rate inches up during 2023, labor force participation rises
Authors: Borkowski Connor , Kaynas Rifat , Wilkins Megan
Published: May 2024

The U.S. labor market continued to expand in 2023. Although there was an uptick in unemployment in the second half of the year, the national unemployment rate remained below 4 percent throughout 2023. The labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent in the fourth quarter, increased over the year. Notable labor market improvements occurred among people of prime working age (those ages 25 to 54); these improvements were most pronounced among women.
Nutrition, Obesity, and Seborrheic Dermatitis: Systematic Review
Authors: Woolhiser Emily , Keime Noah , Patel Arya , Weber Isaac , Adelman Madeline , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: May 2024

Background

Pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis involves lipid secretion by sebaceous glands, Malassezia colonization, and an inflammatory response with skin barrier disruption. Each of these pathways could be modulated by diet, obesity, and nutritional supplements. Current treatment options provide only temporary control of the condition; thus, it is essential to recognize modifiable lifestyle factors that may play a role in determining disease severity.

Objective

This study aimed to summarize published evidence on diet, nutritional supplements, alcohol, obesity, and micronutrients in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and to provide useful insights into areas of further research.

Methods

A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (Ovid interface) for English language papers published between 1993 and 2023 was conducted on April 16, 2023. Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials with 5 or more subjects conducted on adult participants (>14 years) were included, case reports, case series, and review papers were excluded due to insufficient level of evidence.

Results

A total of 13 studies, 8 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 randomized controlled trials, involving 13,906 patients were included. Seborrheic dermatitis was correlated with significantly increased copper, manganese, iron, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and significantly lower serum zinc and vitamin D and E concentrations. Adherence to the Western diet was associated with a higher risk for seborrheic dermatitis in female patients and an increased consumption of fruit was associated with a lower risk of seborrheic dermatitis in all patients. The prebiotic Triphala improved patient satisfaction and decreased scalp sebum levels over 8 weeks. Most studies find associations between regular alcohol use and seborrheic dermatitis, but the association between BMI and obesity on seborrheic dermatitis severity and prevalence is mixed.

Conclusions

This review sheds light on specific promising areas of research that require further study, including the need for interventional studies evaluating serum zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplementation for seborrheic dermatitis. The negative consequences of a Western diet, alcohol use, obesity, and the benefits of fruit consumption are well known; however, to fully understand their specific relationships to seborrheic dermatitis, further cohort or interventional studies are needed.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023417768; https://tinyurl.com/bdcta893
“Notification! You May Have Cancer.” Could Smartphones and Wearables Help Detect Cancer Early? (Preprint)
Authors: Scott Suzanne E , Thompson Matthew J
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This viewpoint paper considers the authors’ perspectives on the potential role of smartphones, wearables, and other technologies in the diagnosis of cancer. We believe that these technologies could be valuable additions in the pursuit of early cancer diagnosis, as they offer solutions to the timely detection of signals or symptoms and monitoring of subtle changes in behavior that may otherwise be missed. In addition to signal detection, technologies could assist symptom interpretation and guide and facilitate access to health care. This paper aims to provide an overview of the scientific rationale as to why these technologies could be valuable for early cancer detection, as well as outline the next steps for research and development to drive investigation into the potential for smartphones and wearables in this context and optimize implementation. We draw attention to potential barriers to successful implementation, including the difficulty of the development of signals and sensors with sufficient utility and accuracy through robust research with the target group. There are regulatory challenges; the potential for innovations to exacerbate inequalities; and questions surrounding acceptability, uptake, and correct use by the intended target group and health care practitioners. Finally, there is potential for unintended consequences on individuals and health care services including unnecessary anxiety, increased symptom burden, overinvestigation, and inappropriate use of health care resources.
Personality Types of Medical Students in Terms of Their Choice of Medical Specialty: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tobiaszewska Małgorzata , Koweszko Tytus , Jurek Jonasz , Mikołap Karolina , Gierus Jacek , Mikulski Jantoni , Waszkiewicz Napoleon
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Research on personality types among doctors reveals its impact on medical specialty choices, suggesting that considering personality in career planning may enhance work satisfaction and reduce burnout risks.

OBJECTIVE

This study, encompassing 2104 medical students, explores how personality types, traits, and gender relate to specialty preferences.

METHODS

Participants of this study were medical students from various universities in Poland. The study surveyed 2104 participants. Each participant completed a general questionnaire and a NERIS Type Explorer personality test, based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator inventory and the “Big Five” personality traits concept. The questionnaire was distributed on social media groups for medical students from all Polish universities. An exploratory statistical analysis was performed to find relationships. For each tested relationship a Fisher exact test was conducted and the significance level was P<.05. Each test resulted in a P value and odds ratio (OR) with a CI. To ensure we included undecided students and obtained meaningful data, we allowed participants to select up to three medical specialties from the 77 available in Poland at the time of the study.

RESULTS

The findings unveil significant relationships between gender, personality types, traits, and specialty preferences. Women tended to favor Neonatology (OR 9.15, 95% CI 3.02-45.46), while men leaned toward Orthopedics and traumatology of the locomotor system (OR 7.53, 95% CI 4.87-11.94). Extroverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Prospecting, and Turbulent students showed a heightened interest in Psychiatry (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.64-3.01), whereas Introverted, Observant, Feeling, Judging, and Turbulent types favored Family Medicine (OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.08-4.24) and Pediatrics (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.51-2.99).

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this research establishes a link between personality and medical specialty selection. Taking into account the significant role of personality traits, it should be considered to integrate them into the process of selecting a medical career or designing a medical curriculum. This approach may allow for the customization of programs to match students’ traits, thereby cultivating improved clinical communication skills, fostering interprofessional collaboration and ultimately enhancing treatment outcomes and professional fulfillment among physicians. The main limitation of this study is that it was conducted on medical students, who lack the full knowledge of the work as a specific specialist. A study surveying medical doctors with longer internships across different wards could be conducted to check for any variabilities. Moreover, there are other significant factors that influence one’s medical specialty choice. Certainly, this area could be further explored.
Use of virtual simulation-based training platform on thyroid ultrasonography in medical students: a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mo Xiaokai , Wu Xiaoling , Zhang Bin , Zhong Xing , Zhou Xiaoyu , Pei Shufang , Jin Zhe , Zhang Lu , Chen Qiuying , Fang Jin , Zhang Shuixing
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) simulation has become a useful tool for students to develop clinical skills in medical schools.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effectiveness of VR simulation teaching thyroid ultrasonography skills in medical students.

METHODS

A total of 106 medical students who had finished basic medical courses were recruited and randomized to VR group and control group. All participants received 2 theoretical lessons, followed by a practical class. The control group had traditional PowerPoint (PPT) teaching to learn the thyroid ultrasonography process, while VR group studied the complete process via the VR simulation platform after PPT teaching. All students took a skill examination to evaluate their performance after two weeks. They were scored by 2 examiners who were blinded to group assignment on the global rating scale of ultrasonography, with a total score of 40 points for 8 components. A month later, all participants were required to complete the thyroid ultrasound examination on the VR platform.

RESULTS

Ninety-one students completed the program (VR group, n=47; control group, n=44). The score of VR group (median, 32.5; interquartile range [IQR], 29.5-35.0) outperformed the control group (median, 31.0; IQR, 27.5-33.0, p=0.028) on the global rating scale of thyroid ultrasound examination. Meanwhile, students in the VR group (mean score, 51.5; time, 16.2min) demonstrated better performance and less time than the control group (mean score, 44.3; time, 23.7min) when assessed in the VR platform.

CONCLUSIONS

The VR simulation platform of thyroid ultrasound examination showed promising results in improving medical students’ skills, making it an alternative or additional approach to traditional teaching patterns in medical education.

CLINICALTRIAL

ChiCTR2200064833
Evaluating a Virtual Reality Game to Enhance Teen Distracted Driving Education: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Peterson Colleen M , Visclosky Timothy , Flannagan Carol A , Mahajan Prashant , Gabanyicz Andrew , Bouchard Jean-Jacques , Cervantes Vincent , Gribbin William , Hashikawa Andrew Nobuhide
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Inexperienced adolescent drivers are particularly susceptible to engaging in distracted driving behaviors (DDBs) such as texting while driving (TWD). Traditional driver education approaches have shown limited success in reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers.

OBJECTIVE

We tested an innovative approach to help address the critical issue of DDB among teenagers. We investigated the effectiveness of using a novel virtual reality (VR) game “Distracted Navigator” to educate novice teenage drivers about DDB.

METHODS

The game consisted of maneuvering a spaceship around asteroids while engaging in simulated DDB (eg, inputting numbers into a keypad). A physician-facilitated discussion, based on the theory of planned behavior, linked gameplay to real-life driving. Teenagers were recruited for the in-person study and randomly assigned at the block level to intervention (VR gameplay or discussion) and control groups (discussion only), approximating a 2:1 ratio. Unblinded, bivariate statistical analyses (all 2-tailed t tests or chi-square tests) and regression analyses measured programming impact on TWD-related beliefs and intentions. Content analysis of focus group interviews identified thematic feedback on the programming.

RESULTS

Of the 24 participants, 15 (63%) were male; their ages ranged from 14 to 17 (mean 15.8, SD 0.92) years, and all owned cell phones. Compared to the control group (n=7, 29%), the intervention group (n=17, 71%) was more likely to report that the programming had positively changed how they felt about texting and driving (?218=–8.3; P=.02). However, specific TWD attitudes and intentions were not different by treatment status. Irrespective of treatment, pre- and postintervention scores indicated reduced confidence in safely TWD (ie, perceived behavioral control; β=–.78; t46=–2.66; P=.01). Thematic analysis revealed the following: (1) the VR gameplay adeptly portrayed real-world consequences of texting and driving, (2) participants highly valued the interactive nature of the VR game and discussion, (3) both the VR game and facilitated discussion were deemed as integral and complementary components, and (4) feedback for improving the VR game and discussion.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that the novel use of immersive VR experiences with interactive discussions can raise awareness of DDB consequences and is a promising method to enhance driving safety education. The widespread accessibility of VR technology allows for scalable integration into driver training programs, warranting a larger, prospective, randomized study.
Nonlinear Analysis of Growth’s Effect on Debt: Finding the Threshold
Authors: Triwibowo Sugeng , Oktaviani Defy , Nurfika
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper explores the nonlinear effect of economic growth on the accumulation of public debt for groups of countries, based on their income levels, by finding its threshold estimator. Background Problems: The existing literature has discussed the debt's effect on growth intensively. Thus, empirical analysis to observe the inverse relationship between both variables is needed. Novelty: This paper confirms the negative and nonlinear impact of economic growth on public debt, and finds the threshold levels of economic growth on debt in high-income countries (HIC) and low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Research Methods: We employed OLS panel regression with data covering 62 countries from 1970 to 2015. The fixed-effect panel threshold model is used to estimate the threshold level of economic growth that affects debt accumulation. Finding/Results: We found that economic growth reduces the public debt in the long run. In HIC, we find two threshold levels of economic growth, at 2.92% and at 8.41%. Moreover, in LMIC, a single threshold is found at 11.61%. Conclusion: It is proven that maintaining robust economic growth could reduce debt accumulation in the long run, the magnitude of the impacts varies between HIC and LMIC.
Risk-Based Premiums of Insurance Guarantee Schemes: A Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Amanda Citra , Pradipta Ananta Dian
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the application of machine-learning techniques to risk-based premium calculations for insurance guarantee schemes within the Indonesian insurance market. This study aims to develop a risk-based premium calculation model using machine-learning techniques in the Indonesian context. Background Problems: A gap exists in determining risk-based premiums for both the life and non-life insurance sectors within the Indonesian insurance market. Identifying and understanding the key variables that significantly influence risk-based capital (RBC) is important, and this research addresses this need. Novelty: This paper is the first to apply machine learning to calculate risk-based premiums in the context of the Indonesian insurance market. The distinction between the life and non-life insurance sectors in terms of the importance of its variables and itsselection of an optimal model further enrich its unique approach. Research Methods: We employed gradient-boosted and decision-tree models to identify key factors impacting risk-based capital. Furthermore, we leveraged clustering techniques to categorize companies into distinct risk tiers, aiming to enable more precise risk-based premium rate calculations. Finding/Results: The findings reveal significant differences between the life and non-life insurance sectors in terms of key variables that impact their risk-based capital. These insights lead to the categorization of insurance companies into distinct risk tiers whichhelps to more accurately calculate risk-based premiums. Conclusion: Machine learning can serve as a powerful tool in refining insurance risk management practices, ultimately benefiting insurers, policyholders, and regulators alike.
Peptic Ulcer: A review
Authors: Singh Karanvir , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Ajeet Pal , Malhotra Meenakshi , Singh Amar Pal , Rani Ritu
Published: May 2024

Peptic ulcers, characterized by painful sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, are a prevalent gastrointestinal condition affecting millions worldwide. This abstract provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers primarily stem from the imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid secretion, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori infection, and defensive mechanisms like mucosal barrier integrity and blood flow. Lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress, along with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), also contribute to ulcer formation. Symptoms of peptic ulcers include burning pain in the abdomen, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and unintended weight loss. However, some individuals may remain asymptomatic or experience atypical symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, barium X-ray, and H. pylori testing. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, promote ulcer healing, and prevent recurrence. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and antibiotics are commonly prescribed to reduce gastric acid secretion, eradicate H. pylori infection, and promote ulcer healing. Lifestyle modifications including dietary changes, stress reduction techniques, and cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption are also integral components of ulcer management. In conclusion, peptic ulcers are a common gastrointestinal disorder with multifactorial etiology. Early recognition of symptoms, accurate diagnosis, and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Unvealing the Super App for Tourism with QR and Machine Learning
Authors: Bansal Bhavya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In today’s dynamic world of travel and tourism, the demand for innovative solutions that improve user experience and simplify booking processes is constantly increasing. In response to this need, our research introduces an innovative travel super- app poised to revolutionize the way travelers explore and interactwith travel destinations. This comprehensive application uses cutting-edge technologies such as QR code and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, as well as advanced machine learning algorithms, to provide users with a seamless and personalized booking experience. By combining various tourist attractions such as cafes, water parks, monuments and museums into one platform, Super App eliminates the need for multiple apps, offering unparalleled convenience and efficiency. With person- alized recommendations, dynamic price predictions and preview tools, users can receive personalized recommendations and makeinformed decisions about their travel plans. Integrating BLE technology into check-in and check-out processes ensures a frictionless and secure authentication experience that increases operational efficiency and visitor satisfaction in tourism desti- nations. Our research aims not only to answer the immediate challenges that tourists face, but also to pave the way for the further development of the tourism industry. With its innovative features and user-centric design, Super App is a significant step towards passenger navigation and communication in today’s digital age.
Real-Time Face Mask Detection Using MobileNet V2
Authors: Ghosh Poulami , Panda Somnath , Ghosh Arnab
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The rapid disruption of international trade and travel caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has had an impact on our daily lives. The custom of donning a face mask for protection has evolved. In the near future, a lot of public service providers will demand that clients wear appropriate masks in order to use their services. Identification of face masks is becoming a crucial duty to support world culture. This paper outlines a condensed method for accomplishing this goal utilizing certain fundamental machine learning tools, such as TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV, and Scikit-Learn. The project's goal is to identify face masks at a public event or gathering. MobileNet V2 is the algorithm employed in the project to accomplish the goal. There is a picture of a few people with and without masks. As an input dataset, a picture of a few individuals wearing and not wearing masks is employed. Pre- processing, data augmentation, training, testing, and image segmentation are some of the steps that go into reaching the project's goal. Creating a model that can identify people who are not wearing masks in public settings is the goal of this project. To guarantee adherence to the standards for public safety, this work can be combined with real-time applications at airports, train stations, businesses,schools, and other public locations.
Effect of Various Fertilization Methods on the Growth of Brassicaceae
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: May 2024

Abstract: When soil is used for agricultural purposes, plants absorb multiple nutrients from the soil such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, etc. Overtime, the nutrients present in the soil start decreasing. This process is known as soil depletion and it can effect the growth of plants. Fertilizers are then added to soil in adequate amount to replenish the depleted nutrients. Fertilizers can be organic or inorganic. The usage of inorganic fertilizers has increased overtime and this can create many issues. This review evaluates the efficacy of different fertilization methods on the growth, yield, and health of Brassicaceae crops. It aims to provide an in-depth assessment of impact of fertilizers through recent studies and hopes to provide a holistic view of sustainable agricultural practices.
Real-Time Video Streaming Applications in Military 5G Networks: A Technical Review
Authors: Bhardwaj Nitesh , Joseph K Tony
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The integration of advanced telecommunications technologies into military operations marks a pivotal evolution in modern warfare strategies. With the advent of military-grade 5G networks, there arises an unprecedented capacity for real-time data streaming and enhanced operational transparency on the battlefield. This literature review critically examines the deployment of real-time streaming applications within such networks, focusing on a technology stack comprising React Native, Node.js, MongoDB, Docker, and WebRTC. These technologies collectively form the backbone of a system designed to leverage the full capabilities of 5G’s high throughput and ultra-low latency, essential for the demands of contemporary military engagements.
Analisis Pengaruh Dana Desa, IPM, dan Jumlah Masyarakat Miskin Pedesaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia
Authors: Harimurti Rr Shinta Dewi
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of village funds, Human Development Indeks ( HDI), and the number of rural poor on Indonesia's economic growth. The method used in this research is using panel regression data. The results of this study simultaneously variable Village funds, HDI, and the number of rural poor have a significant positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dana desa, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), dan jumlah masyarakat miskin pedesaan terhadap pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil dari penelitian ini secara simultan variabel Dana desa, IPM, dan jumlah masyarakat miskin pedesaan berpengaruh postif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia.
Analisis Bonus Demografi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Wardani Natalia Ayu
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyse and determine the effect of the demographic bonus on Economic Growth on the Island of Java. This research uses quantitative methods and a panel data regression analysis model, with the best model being fixed effects (FE). Simultaneously, the human development index, population, and open unemployment rate influence the gross regional domestic product in 6 provinces on the island of Java. Partially, the dependency ratio variable positively and insignificantly affects the gross regional domestic product. The human development index positively and significantly affects gross regional domestic product. The population and open unemployment rate negatively and significantly affect the gross regional domestic product. Stakeholders and related agencies are needed to increase the gross regional domestic product on the island of Java, especially in each region, by paying attention to factors that influence economic growth.
Analisis Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Asean-5
Authors: Rahma Fitri Safira
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to understand the influence of unemployment, inflation, and per capita income on the ASEAN-5 poverty level. The analytical tool used is descriptive quantitative using secondary data originating from BPS, World Bank, and ASEAN Secretariat, namely time series data for 2001-2020 and cross-section data from 5 countries in ASEAN. The methodology used is to use the panel data regression method. The model used in this research is the Common Effect Model. From this research, the results showed that the Unemployment variable had a significant positive effect on the poverty level in ASEAN-5, the Inflation variable had a positive and insignificant impact on the poverty level in ASEAN-5, and the Per Capita Income variable had a negative and significant effect on the poverty level in ASEAN-5.
A Study on Impact of Self Medication in Adults and Paediatrics in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sathya Narayana S , Albin Jose , Arun S , Prashanth M , Muthukumar Mani , Srinivasan R , Saikrupa B V
Published: May 2024

Background: Self-medication is defined as the use of medicinal products by the consumer to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms, which often is accompanied by potential risks to the consumers, including toxicity, therapeutic failure and drug-drug as well as drug-food interactions. The practice of self-medication has exponentially risen during the Covid-19 pandemic due to fear of visiting healthcare setups and subsequently contracting infections.
Aim: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of self-medication in adults and pediatric patients during Covid-19. settings and Design: A cross-sectional community-based survey study was conducted among 556 participants, including pediatric and adult populations, for a period of 6 months, through an online platform.
Methods and Material: The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which included informed consent, questions on patient demographics and self-medication practices, and plausible reasons for it. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and R environment ver.3.2.2 software.
Results: Out of 556 participants the prevalence of self-medicating with paracetamol was considered to be high both in adults and paediatrics which was found to be 72.6% (319) and 66.6% (117) respectively. During Covid-19 symptoms, it was reported that Azithromycin consumption was found to be more than paracetamol. It also showed that 62.9% (439) were self-medicating before the Covid-19 pandemic and 20.5 % (439) were not aware of the risks associated with self-medication. The major source of self-medication was found to be Google (46.5%) followed by using old prescriptions (121.5%) and using family or friends’ prescriptions (10.9%).
Conclusions: The study showed a conclusive rise in self-medication practices during the Covid pandemic among the SM-naïve population.
Keywords: Self-medication, Prevalence, Prescription, Covid-19