bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Medical Engagement Strategies on Doctor’s Professional Development and Prescriptions Decisions
Authors: Pervaiz Kashif , Mirza Mehwish , Imran Qayyum Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Pharmaceutical companies’ medical engagement is becoming a popular marketing technique where firms’ interact with doctors to influence their prescribing behaviour and personal growth. To this research, 500 doctors of all the specialties were included and data was collected and analysed quantitatively. Among all the engagement methods, in-person meetings and emails were considered as the most preferred and beneficial as an impact for the doctors’ knowledge and prescribing practices. Information sources describing clinical trial results and other physicians’ opinions were identified as important for prescription choices. This research study also shows the importance of medical representatives for influencing prescribing behaviours and argues that the improvement of engagement approaches will also improve doctor’s decisions and patient’s outcomes.
Socioeconomic Factors and Knowledge of Teenage Mothers Associated with Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years Old in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Homa Bay-Kenya
Authors: Ododa Evelyne , Kosiyo Paul , Bonuke Anyona , Asweto Collins
Published: October 2024

Diarrhoea is the passage of loose, watery or liquid stools three or more times a day. Diarrhoea may be acute, persistent, or chronic and is often preventable and treatable. It is the second leading cause of mortality in children <5 years of age, resulting in approximately 1.7 billion cases globally and 525,000 deaths each year. The low- and middle-income countries account for about 90% of these deaths, with sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia reporting 88%. In Kenya, over 50% of children <5 years hospital admission results from diarrhoeal related infections. In Ndhiwa Sub-County, diarrhoea is among the leading causes of hospital admission among children <5 years old. Although the causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children <5 years including the mothers’ socio-demographic and knowledge factors have been reported, the impact of these factors among teenage mothers remain largely unknown. With the proportion of teenage mothers estimated at 18 % in Kenya, and 33% in Homa Bay County, this study aimed to determine the socio-demographic factors and knowledge of teenage mothers associated with diarrhoea in children aged <5 years in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Homa Bay County. In this cross-sectional study a total of 320 teenage mothers were recruited using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using semi- structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.050. Results from binary logistic regression model showed that the marital status of teenage mother; namely never married (P=0.016) or divorced (P=0.023) increased odds of diarrhoea in children, while mothers’ occupation (fulltime student, P=0.027) significantly increased the odds of diarrhoea. Poor knowledge on general prevention of diarrhoea (P<0.001), rubbish dumping (P=0.010) and Rota/ measles vaccination (P<0.001) were associated with increased incidences of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. In conclusion, these results show that the teenage mother’s socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge childhood diarrhoea and prevention were associated with reported incidences of diarrhoea among children <5 years. The study recommends that the County Government of Homa Bay develop intervention measures to mitigate identified factors associated with increased incidences of diarrhoea cases in children aged <5 years of teenage mothers.
Enhancing Power System Stability through Reactive Compensation with Static VAR Compensator
Authors: K. Pullareddy , Tadi Amulya , Elisha Dhanavath , Kiran Gallela , Jaidev K , Venkatesh M
Published: October 2024

A Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a vital component in modern electrical power systems for regulating reactive power, maintaining voltage stability, and improving power quality. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of SVCs in real-time reactive power compensation and voltage control, particularly in large transmission networks. By providing fast and dynamic reactive power support, SVCs help optimize power flow and reduce transmission losses, contributing to a more stable and efficient power grid. The novelty of this research lies in the use of an advanced segmented thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) integrated with fixed capacitor (FC) systems, which allows for modular and highly adaptable reactive power compensation. This configuration improves the precision of voltage regulation, reduces harmonic distortion, and enhances the response time of the system, compared to conventional SVC setups. Additionally, this study explores the application of SVCs in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources, highlighting their role in managing voltage fluctuations caused by variable generation. The findings of the study demonstrate that SVCs significantly improve voltage stability and power factor correction, particularly in regions with heavy inductive loads or fluctuating renewable energy inputs. The implementation of SVCs in large transmission networks leads to a measurable reduction in power losses and increases grid resilience. Overall, the research confirms that SVCs are an indispensable tool for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of modern power systems, especially in the face of growing demand and renewable energy integration.
Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Practice in Newborns of Moroccan Mothers with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fatima Aslaou , Halima Ibrahimi , Milouda Chbabe
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of empowering breastfeeding women and the association with the duration of breastfeeding. The study sample was 237 women in the Oued- Eddahab Region of Morocco. The results show that 11% breastfed for less than 3 months, 8.7% breastfed for from 3 to 6 months, and more than half (57.4) breastfed for up to one year, while a minority (11%) breastfed for more than one year. The average age of the women surveyed was 28±5.7. With regard to the association between the duration of breastfeeding and the degree of empowerment of the women surveyed. The treatment of the ordinal qualitative variables was carried out under the multiple-choice response nail and by the Anova test, which calculated the degree of association, by items. The first dimension records (Item1 : p<0.003, p<0.699, p<0.011, p<0.001), as for the second dimension (Item1p<0.000, Item2<0.000, Item3<0.000). For the third dimension, only the association with the second item was significant (p<0.000).as for the last dimension, only the milk insufficiency seems to be a determining factor in maintaining breastfeeding. Regarding the comorbidity effect of gestational diabetes and Covid-19, the study identified 12 women with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, of whom 9 (3.9%) had laboratory/radiology confirmation and one had more than 3 symptoms without laboratory confirmation. Women with a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis had high rates of gestational diabetes (RR : 1.46; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95).
Advancements in Natural Language Understanding- Driven Machine Translation: Focus on English and the Low Resource Dialectal Lusoga
Authors: Wasike Azizi , Kamukama Ismail , Abass Aleshinloye Yusuf , Raheem Ajiboye Adeleke , Ssebadduka Jamir
Published: October 2024

This review explores recent advancements in Natural Language Understanding-driven Machine Translation (NLU-MT) with a focus on English and the low-resource dialectal Lusoga. A Low-resource language, such as Lusoga, faces significant challenges in Machine Translation (MT) due to the scarcity of high-quality parallel corpora, the complex morphology inherent in Bantu languages, and the dialectal variations within Lusoga itself, particularly between Lutenga and Lupakoyo. This paper examines the role of NLU-based MT systems in overcoming these challenges by shifting from word-for-word mapping to meaning-based translations, enabling better handling of these dialectal differences. We highlight the success of leveraging linguistic similarities between Lusoga and related languages, such as Luganda, to improve translation performance through multilingual transfer learning techniques. Key advancements include the use of transformer-based architectures such as Multilingual Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformer (mBART) and Multilingual Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer (mT5), specifically selected for their effectiveness in NLU-driven contexts, which have shown promise in enhancing translation accuracy for African low-resource languages. However, the review also identifies ongoing obstacles, including historical low demand and the lack of well-developed corpora, which hinder scalability. The paper concludes by emphasizing the potential of hybrid approaches that combine community-driven corpus-building initiatives with improved model architectures to drive further progress in low-resource MT. Ultimately, NLU-MT is positioned as a crucial tool not only for bridging communication gaps but also for preserving linguistic diversity and cultural heritage.
Prognostic Significance of Cribriform Architecture of Pattern 4 Prostatic Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Bashir Azra , Zafar Ghazi , Khan Anum , Sohail Chughtai Akhtar , Atiq Aribah
Published: October 2024

Objective: Among prostate cancer patients, the Gleason score is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine whether cribriform architecture in prostate cancer patients without a history of treatment was related to prognosis in patients with Gleason pattern 4 of prostate cancer.  Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study included (n=450) consecutive prostate biopsy specimens between June 2014 and May 2015, out of which (n=237) had pattern 4 prostate adenocarcinoma. Demographic, clinical, and follow-up details were obtained. Patients (n = 86) with a treatment history were excluded from the study.  Results: Univariate Cox regression analysis of diagnostic biopsies from (n=151) patients with pattern 4 of prostate cancer who had been followed for an average of 70.3 months demonstrated that the cribriform architecture of prostate cancer with pattern 4 was independently associated with poorer disease-specific survival in biopsies with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 0.9-10.6, and P value of <0.001.  Conclusion: It is concluded that a cribriform architecture of prostate cancer in biopsies with pattern 4 adenocarcinoma is associated with a lower disease- specific survival rate. Therefore, it is essential to report the presence and percentage of cribriform architecture in patients with pattern 4 prostate cancer.
SVOH: Rigorous Selection Approach for Optimal Hyperparameter Values
Authors: NDiffon Charlemagne Kopoin , Dagou Augustin Koffi , Boris Stéphane Zouneme
Published: October 2024

The problem we address in this paper is a model selection problem. We consider the k-fold cross-validation (KCV) technique, applied to the Gaussian support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm. In the cross-vali- dation process, the value of k for the number of subsets is generally chosen and set aprioristically (without any ex- periment). However, the value of k affects the choice of the best compromise between the estimation error and the ap- proximation error of the model. In this way, the k value of the number of subsets can severely influence the optimal values of the SVM classifier's hyperparameters and conse- quently affect the performance of the selected model and its ability to generalize. In this work, we propose a rigorous approach for finding the values of the hyperparameters of the Gaussian SVM known as SVOH (Selection of Optimal Hyperparam- eter Values) in a context of protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction, where it is necessary to classify the pairs of pro- teins that interact together and those that do not interact together. The proposed approach considers the k value of the number of subsets as an influential parameter of the model and therefore performs learning to find an optimal value of k.
Role of Machine Learning in Policy Making and Evaluation
Authors: Hasan Chy Md Kamrul , Nana Buadi Obed
Published: October 2024

This paper explores how machine learning (ML) can enhance both policy-making and policy evaluation by providing advanced tools for data analysis, predictive modeling, and continuous assessment. ML offers the ability to process vast datasets, uncover patterns, and provide real-time insights, allowing policymakers to make more informed, efficient, and adaptable decisions. By applying ML, governments can predict trends, optimize resource allocation, and tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of various sectors such as healthcare, education, finance, and environmental management. Furthermore, ML supports ongoing policy evaluation by enabling continuous monitoring and adjustment of policies based on up-to-date data. While ML presents transformative potential, challenges related to transparency, bias, and data privacy must be addressed to ensure that its application in policy-making is ethical and fair. This paper highlights the importance of improving ML model explainability and establishing strong legal and regulatory frameworks to maximize its effectiveness in governance.
İlk trimester tiroid stimulan hormon değerlerine göre maternal, fetal ve perinatal sonuçlar: Retrospektif bir kohort çalışması
Authors: Aliyev Kamran , Akkuş Fatih , Doğru Şükran , Ezveci Huriye , Gezginç Kazım
Published: October 2024

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı ilk trimesterde tiroid stimulan hormon (TSH) seviyelerinin subklinik grupta maternal, fetal ve perinatal sonuçlara etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Retrospektif çalışmada Kasım 2020 - Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında NEÜ Meram Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum kliniğinde doğumu gerçekleşen 18-45 yaş arası 745 tekil gebe değerlendirildi. TSH değerine aynı klinikte ve gebeliğin ilk trimesterinde bakıldı. Çoğul gebelikler, çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. 175 hasta çeşitli ek hastalıklar sebebi ile çalışma dışı tutuldu. Hastalar TSH değerine göre subklinik hipertiroidi, ötiroidi ve subklinik hipotiroidi olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Çalışma grupları arasında maternal, fetal ve perinatal sonuçları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Subklinik hipotiroidi grubunda maternal anemi, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi (NICU) ihtiyacı, intrauterin gebelik kaybı, erken membran rüptürü (PROM), gestasyonel hipertansiyon, fetal gelişim kısıtlılığı (FGR) oranları anlamlı olarak daha fazla görüldü (p< 0.05). Subklinik hipertiroidili gebelerde ise maternal anemi oranları ötiroid gebelere göre anlamlı fazlaydı (p< 0.05). Sonuç: İlk trimesterde bakılan TSH değerinin maternal sonuçlar üzerine etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. TSH düzeylerinin fetal etkileri de olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak uzun dönem fetal etkileri açısından iyi tasarlanmış çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Archivistique, archives et « archive » : cadrage théorique et épistémologique pour l’historien
Authors: Plu-Jenvrin Raphaële
Published: October 2024

Cet article est la version écrite et abrégée du cadrage du volet « Histoire » présenté lors des journées d’ouverture du séminaire du CRICCAL. Bien que l’approche critique des archives en histoire s’enracine dans la méthode critique des sources, apparue au début du xxe siècle, elle s’est enrichie depuis quelques décennies de l’apport de vastes domaines des sciences sociales et du développement des nouvelles technologies, ce qui la rend plus complexe et plus diversifiée. En abordant la question du statut théorique des archives et celle de l’archivistique théorisée à la fois comme « science de la structure » et de la « fabrique des archives1 », cet article examine les implications que revêt la matérialité des archives dans le travail historiographique et en expose les enjeux pour la recherche en histoire. Il s’appuie notamment sur les travaux d’Étienne Anheim et d’Olivier Poncet2 et les développe à la lumière des débats relatifs à la définition, au traitement et à la conservation des archives publiques en France et au Mexique.
Préfiguration d’une œuvre complète, pulsion d’archive
Authors: Contreras Sandra
Published: October 2024

Les publications de Lucio V. Mansilla dans la presse ont, de par leur profusion et leur dispersion, nourri l’idée (consolidée parmi les historiens et les critiques du début du xxe siècle, et renforcée d’une certaine façon par la perte à plusieurs reprises de la part de l’auteur de ses propres matériaux) qu’il était impossible de réunir son œuvre, voire inutile. La pulsion d’archive traverse néanmoins son œuvre : matériellement, du fait de sa pratique de l’édition et de l’écriture comme prise de notes ; dans son imaginaire, de par son intuition d’une écriture en tant que technologie de mise en archive ; idéellement, de par la conception de ses causeries en tant que « monument archéologique ». Je propose ici de lire ces trois dimensions de l’archive dans l’écriture de Mansilla. Le cadre de cette lecture est fourni à la fois par les diverses tentatives de Mansilla de « réunir » ou de « compiler » sa production éparse et de l’articuler dans la suite de ses livres connus et par son ironique réflexion tardive sur les possibilités d’édition de ses œuvres complètes1.
Un catálogo invisible. Roma, América y el tipógrafo Francesco Cavalli, siglo xvii
Authors: Gaune Rafael
Published: October 2024

Este artículo propone estudiar el catálogo del tipógrafo romano del siglo xvii, Francesco Cavalli, en relación con el horizonte de producción romano que permitió la publicación, en 1646, de la Histórica relación del reino de Chile del jesuita Alonso de Ovalle. El objetivo es situar la Histórica relación al interior de un catálogo mayor de autores y, al mismo tiempo, sistematizar y clasificar el catálogo de Cavalli. El artículo busca, además, preguntarse sobre qué significa construir un catálogo –que está no está sistematizado– de un tipógrafo del xvii1.
Censuras y silencios: las mujeres militantes en los archivos de la izquierda comunista ecuatoriana de los años 1960
Authors: Cortez  Tatiana Salazar
Published: October 2024

El artículo propone una breve reflexión sobre los archivos de la izquierda comunista en el Ecuador. Se analiza la relación entre los historiadores y el archivo y las varias posibilidades de interpelarlo, con la intención de generar una historia social de la política de la militancia comunista que evidencie la contribución de las mujeres. Se pone en perspectiva las limitaciones de la investigación ante las condiciones de preservación, las aperturas temáticas que puede aportar el archivo privado, sus restricciones y posibles nuevas investigaciones.
Los archivos públicos mexicanos y la transición democrática
Authors: Gómez-Galvarriato Aurora
Published: October 2024

El acceso ciudadano a los archivos es un ingrediente básico de la democracia. La transición democrática en México conllevó demandas ciudadanas que se tradujeron en políticas de justicia restaurativa y la promulgación de legislación de acceso a la información y archivos. Si bien gracias a ellas a partir de 2000 tuvieron lugar importantes avances en materia de acceso a la información gubernamental por parte de los ciudadanos, no hubo la voluntad política que llevara a un esclarecimiento y reconocimiento de la verdad en relación a los crímenes del pasado autoritario reciente. Vacíos legislativos y en la implementación de las leyes han permitido exceptuar del acceso ciudadano que debería ser público bajo argumentos de protección a los datos personales y a la seguridad nacional. Finalmente, una asignación de recursos muy limitada ha impedido que las instituciones de archivo ejecuten cabalmente sus funciones. De esta forma, en términos del acceso a la información y los archivos, la transición democrática mexicana sigue incompleta.
La evolución del Archivo General de la Nación (México) de 2000 a 2022
Authors: Paxman Andrew
Published: October 2024

Este ensayo analiza la evolución del máximo archivo mexicano, el Archivo General de la Nación (AGN), durante las últimas dos décadas. Se enfoca en los fondos de los servicios secretos y en los años de operación desde 2013, bajo los directores Mercedes de Vega, nombrada por el Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto, y Carlos Ruiz Abreu, nombrado por el Presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Surgen tres factores que han estorbado un buen servicio al público: la injerencia política, los retos financieros y la conducta algo caprichosa de los últimos dos directores. Al final, se discute la posibilidad, prometida por el Presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador, de que más colecciones relevantes a cuestiones de derechos humanos lleguen al AGN en lo que queda de su mandato (2018-2024).
Caractériser les marges de manœuvre offertes aux aides-soignantes en vue de prévenir les troubles musculosquelettiques dans les établissements pour personnes âgées dépendantes
Authors: Poncet Sandra , Caroly Sandrine , Bodin Julie , Roquelaure Yves
Published: October 2024

Les aides-soignantes en Établissements d'Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes (EHPAD) sont particulièrement touchées par les troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS). Cet article propose de confronter deux approches quantitative et qualitative pour caractériser les marges de manœuvre (MM) offertes aux aides-soignantes dans un EHPAD en lien avec la prévention des TMS. Les données quantitatives issues d’un questionnaire visant à caractériser les MM offertes perçues, permet en partie de prédire les marges de manœuvre réellement offertes en situation. L’approche qualitative, basée sur l’analyse ergonomique de l’activité, documente les liens entre les marges de manœuvre offertes et les possibilités de régulation face aux difficultés rencontrées avec les résidents. Elle peut contribuer à enrichir le questionnaire pour qu’il soit plus représentatif des MM offertes. Caractériser les MM offertes par une approche mixte semble être un outil intéressant pour révéler des facteurs sur lesquels s’appuyer et agir en faveur de la prévention des TMS.
Causes et conséquences de l’hyperconnectivité professionnelle : au-delà de la responsabilité individuelle des travailleurs et travailleuses
Authors: Richard Geneviève
Published: October 2024

Ce texte propose une recension et une explication des différentes causes et effets associés à l’hyperconnectivité professionnelle, et souhaite mettre en exergue la nécessité de trouver des solutions tant législatives que de gestion qui tiennent compte des réalités technologiques actuelles. L’hyperconnectivité professionnelle est définie comme la connexion quasi constante aux technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en vue de rester connecté au milieu professionnel. Se manifestant chez les travailleur·euses de tous milieux et postes hiérarchiques, elle est associée à de nombreux effets délétères sur la santé de ces travailleur·euses, leurs trajectoires professionnelles et leur articulation travail-vie personnelle, mais aussi sur l’organisation même du travail. Certaines initiatives d’autodiscipline individuelle (par exemple, éteindre ses appareils professionnels après la journée de travail) peuvent être efficaces pour certain·es travailleur·euses. Elles sont toutefois loin d’être une panacée, vu les nombreux facteurs échappant au contrôle des travailleur·euses et les motivant, voire les enjoignant, à demeurer connecté·es en tout temps et en tout lieu.
La traite et l’esclavage colonial français dans notre mémoire nationale
Authors: Ayrault Jean-Marc
Published: October 2024

Cet article interroge la nécessité du travail de mémoire.
Rwanda, Kibeho 1995, un massacre impensable
Authors: Bradol Jean-Hervé
Published: October 2024

En avril 1995, un an après le génocide tutsi, le nouveau régime rwandais veut fermer les camps de personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du pays. Ces camps, notamment celui de Kibeho, regroupent dans le sud-ouest des centaines de milliers de Hutus encadrés par les auteurs du génocide. L’existence de ces camps constitue une menace pour la sécurité du pays selon le gouvernement. Après des mois de tergiversations, c’est par un massacre de plusieurs milliers de déplacés que l‘Armée patriotique rwandaise ferme le camp de Kibeho qui abrite alors 100 000 personnes. Au cours de cet événement périssent aussi plusieurs centaines de patients et plusieurs dizaines de Rwandais travaillant avec Médecins sans frontières. Les tueries se déroulent devant des centaines de témoins rwandais et étrangers : diplomates, militaires, journalistes, promoteurs des droits humains, humanitaires, habitants de la région… Les nouvelles autorités rwandaises parlent de 300 morts présentés comme les membres d’un hypothétique « noyau dur » de génocidaires. Les membres de la commission d’enquête internationale mise en place acquiescent. Ainsi, la mémoire d’un fait majeur permettant de saisir la place que le régime entend réserver à l’usage de la violence est effacée de la mémoire collective.
Sur la France et le génocide des Tutsis
Authors: Pape Marc Le
Published: October 2024

Des fonds d’archives françaises portant sur le rôle militaire et politique de la France au Rwanda durant les années 1990-1996 ont été rendus accessibles à un collectif de chercheurs travaillant sous la direction de Vincent Duclert. Nous rendons compte de leurs usages des archives et des choix de thèmes privilégiés par les rédacteurs. Nous critiquons certaines limites du rapport, notamment l’affirmation du caractère inexorable du génocide des Tutsis dès l’année 1990 ; également nous remarquons le choix de ne pas engager une enquête dans les archives sur la connaissance qu’avaient les militaires français de l’appareil guerrier du Front patriotique rwandais. Nous mettons en cause l’affirmation selon laquelle le rapport renouvèlerait notre connaissance du génocide.
Guerre des histoires, guerre des mémoires
Authors: Alduy Cécile
Published: October 2024

L’histoire de France est au cœur du projet politique de l’extrême droite française : le passé y est pensé comme origine identitaire d’un peuple, comme valeur en soi où puiser des principes moraux et une intelligibilité du présent, comme rituel de socialisation politique pour les militants, comme récit mobilisateur, et enfin comme horizon politique d’un retour espéré à une grandeur mythique. Dans ce schéma idéologique, le passé (les origines, le sang) détermine l’identité des peuples et des individus. L’instrumentalisation de l’histoire à des fins de glorification et de cohésion nationale va de pair avec l’oubli de pans entiers de l’histoire française et mondiale, voire le négationnisme, et l’effacement paradoxal des origines du Front national lui-même.
Petite histoire de notre bonne conscience coloniale (1962-2023)
Authors: Riceputi Fabrice
Published: October 2024

Cet article propose une histoire de l’incapacité chronique de la République française à reconnaître et à condamner des crimes coloniaux commis par elle et en son nom, bien qu’ils soient fort bien connus et éminemment condamnables, de la fin de la guerre d’Algérie à nos jours.
De quelques mémoires coloniales africaines toujours incontestées : territoires, lieux, figures
Authors: Dozon Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

À partir de l’exposé de plusieurs situations exemplaires, au Sénégal, en Côte d’Ivoire et au Congo-Brazzaville, mais aussi à partir du constat plus général que la plupart des frontières des actuels États africains sont toujours issues des découpages opérés par les conquérants européens, l’article vise à montrer que des lieux, des dénominations et des figures emblématiques de l’époque coloniale, voire de celle des traites négrières, résistent toujours assez bien aux entreprises de décolonisation qui sont pourtant de plus en plus à l’ordre du jour.
Hétérochronie et décolonisation
Authors: Boulbina Seloua Luste
Published: October 2024

On fait souvent de la décolonisation une solution dont la simplicité théorique se heurte aux difficultés pratiques. Je souhaite ici montrer, au contraire, combien la décolonisation est une idée complexe dont l’accomplissement, dans l’expérience, doit tenir compte de facteurs décisifs tels que l’espace et le temps. D’un côté ou de l’autre de l’ancienne frontière impériale-coloniale, dont les murs ne sont pas totalement tombés, décoloniser ne possède ni le même sens ni la même portée ni des enjeux identiques.
De la spécificité de l’antisémitisme à l’unicité de la Shoah : des structures universelles de la haine ?
Authors: Policar Alain
Published: October 2024

Y aurait-il une incommensurabilité de l’antisémitisme de nature à expliquer que soient réactivés, dans des temps et des espaces divers, les mécanismes du rejet des Juifs ? Et cette éventuelle incommensurabilité permet-elle de penser la Shoah et de justifier la revendication de l’unicité de ce génocide ? Sans gommer les spécificités de chaque occurrence de la haine raciale, l’auteur considère que racisme colonial et racisme génocidaire obéissent à une même logique. Il fait des statuts de pureté du sang le processus matriciel de racialisation. De la même manière, bien que la Shoah ne soit pas une simple poursuite en Europe des entreprises coloniales, on peut l’analyser comme la matrice de compréhension de la souffrance des autres. Ce qui suppose le refus de l’incommensurabilité comme de l’uniformité. C’est pourquoi l’hypothèse d’une structure élémentaire du racisme, fondée sur la hantise du métissage, sans nier les caractères singuliers de chaque racisme, est à forte valeur heuristique. Elle donne en outre du crédit à l’idée d’un combat antiraciste fait de causes communes plutôt que de révoltes singulières.
Les mouvements sociaux et l’historicité aujourd’hui
Authors: Wieviorka Michel
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un hommage à Alain Touraine. Il s'agit d'examiner la société d’aujourd’hui en ébauchant des analyses qui doivent beaucoup à ses questionnements et à ses enseignements, ainsi qu’au compagnonnage d’un demi-siècle que j’ai eu la chance d’avoir avec lui.
Developing illustrative examples for revenue recognition in credit card rewards programmes
Authors: Brink Sophia M.
Published: October 2024

Orientation: The literature does not provide illustrative examples of specific credit card rewards programme (CCRP) transactions.Research purpose: The objective of the research was to develop and confirm illustrative examples for co-brand CCRPs, complex CCRPs and CCRPs offering cash rewards after the effective date of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 15.Motivation for the study: Credit card rewards programme management in practice acknowledged the need for illustrative examples of accounting for CCRP transactions.Research approach/design and method: This qualitative study used document analysis to develop the illustrative examples; and to confirm the examples, the Delphi technique was applied.Main findings: Illustrative examples were developed (based on existing literature, including IFRS) that show the differences in accounting treatment based on the type of CCRP. The initial recognition of the award credits liability, the proportionate derecognition of the liability when award credits are redeemed, and a change in the expected redemption rate are included in the examples. The study also clearly indicates the differences in the structure and functioning of each type of CCRP that support the different accounting treatments suggested.Practical/managerial implications: This study contributes to practice by providing CCRPs with illustrative examples that could reduce uncertainty and inconsistencies in practice. The illustrative examples developed make the theory – specifically principle-based IFRS – more practical and could improve faithful representation, as well as make transactions easier to verify (audit).Contribution/value-add: This study underscores the need for educators to train students in applying principle-based standards like IFRS 15 to complex transactions, fostering critical thinking and workplace readiness.
Significance of p53, cyclooxygenase-2, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Bassyoni Omneya Y. , Eleleimy Hiam A. , Saad Eman A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health concern with a high mortality rate. To date, the most effective therapy for HCC is resection at an early tumor stage. However, tumor recurrence is common, and identifying key molecules facilitates the understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC and the prediction of prognosis to provide novel targets for anticancer therapy.

Aim

This study evaluated the expression of p53, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in HCC and investigated their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.

Methods

An Immunohistochemical analysis of p53, COX-2, and EpCAM was conducted on selected 51 HCC cases and adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissue.

Results

In the current study, p53, COX-2, and EpCAM expression were significantly higher in HCC cases than in the adjacent nontumor tissue (P=0.05, P=0.03, and P=0.041, respectively). P53, COX-2, and EpCAM were significantly overexpressed among patients with advanced stage (P=0.039, P=0.000, and P=0.016, respectively), large tumor size (P=0.004 and P=0.001) and poor disease-free survival (P=0.036, P=0.001, and P=0.000, respectively). P53 and EpCAM were significantly correlated with vascular invasion (P=0.045 and P=0.032) and higher grade (P=0.019 and P=0.033). While COX-2 was associated with well-differentiated HCC cases. There was no statistically significant correlation between p53 and COX-2 or, EpCAM, while COX-2 was directly correlated with EpCAM (r=0.001).

Conclusion

p53, COX-2, and EpCAM might have an important role in early carcinogenesis, progression of HCC, and poor prognosis, suggesting that the inhibition of these proteins may hold potential as a multitarget therapeutic approach in HCC patients.
The prognostic impact of EpCAM and p53 expressions in infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast and their association with the clinicopathological prognostic parameters
Authors: Alaa Edin Hala S.E. , Enan Eman T. , Wahman Mohammed M.A. , Foda Abd A.R.M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Adhesion molecule EpCAM is an important player in carcinogenesis; however, its exact biological role is not clear. Tumor suppressor gene p53 maintains genomic stability. In malignant cells, its function can be compromised by various mechanisms such as mutations, alteration of p53 regulators, and alteration of p53 target genes. This study aimed to find the relationship between epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and p53 expressions on one hand and clinicopathological factors of prognostic importance in breast cancer on the other hand and find any correlations between EpCAM and p53 markers.

Materials and methods

Immunohistochemical staining with EpCAM and p53 was studied on 42 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma.

Results

A significant association was found between EpCAM and tumor size (P=0.049), tumor grade (P=0.005), lymph node status (P=0.043), pathological tumor stage; pathological tumor stage (P=0.027), and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.048). However, EpCAM was negatively associated with estrogen receptor (P=0.007), progesterone receptor (P=0.031), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (P=0.025) expressions. Expression of p53 was positively associated with tumor size (P=0.025), tumor grade (P=0.002), lymph node status (P=0.05), pathological tumor stage (P=0.041), and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.043), while negatively associated with estrogen receptor (P=0.029), progesterone receptor (P=0.043), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (P=0.039) expressions. A positive association was found between EpCAM and p53 expressions and triple-negative breast cancer (P=0.007 and 0.029, respectively). There was a positive association between EpCAM and p53 (P=0.007).

Conclusion

EpCAM and p53 expressions are good markers of predicting poorer outcomes in breast cancer patients. There is a positive association suggesting a combined prognostic value in breast cancer and it may confirm the binding of p53 with the EpCAM gene to regulate its function.
Differential immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Sanaa S. , Alsedfy Amel S. , Taha Wael M. , Tolba Nesrin S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous cancer with many histological and molecular subtypes. Many new potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are still emerging. RCC treatment approaches are plentiful, including surgical resection, ablation, and active surveillance as well as immunotherapy. However, many cases are nonresponsive to such modalities and others experience recurrence or metastatic disease. Accordingly, the research work nowadays is concerned with looking for new targeted therapy biomarkers to treat RCC. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 are the proposed biomarkers for this issue.

Aim and methods

This work aims to review the expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 immune markers among the main histological subtypes of RCC and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters. To carry out this work, 60 cases of RCC were included in this study: 36 clear RCC, 16 papillary RCC I and II, and eight cases chromophobe RCC.

Results

Galectin-1 was highly expressed in 42 out of 60 cases, while Galectin-3 was highly expressed in only 13 cases. There was a statistically significant association between Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 expression and the histological subtype being expressed more in chromophobe subtype rather than others. There was a statistically significant inverse association between Galectin-1 expression and lymphovascular invasion as well as Galectin-3 expression and tumor necrosis and hemorrhage. There was no statistically significant association between Galectin-1 and 3 and the remaining clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusion

Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 could be used as potential diagnostic markers for chromophobe RCC as they are highly expressed in this subtype in comparison to others and can be used as targeted biomarkers for RCC therapy in the future. Galectin-3 has an anti-necrotic role and this could lead to chemotherapy resistance.
Clinico-epidemiological Profile of Frostbite Cases in High Altitude Region of Northern India
Authors: Adhya Saibal , Anand Vivek , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Devarakonda Ravi , Kumar Pravin
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to study the clinico-epidemiological profile of frostbite cases in high altitude region of Northern India.

Study Design:

This study involves a descriptive study.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study was undertaken in service hospitals situated in the northernmost region of India receiving frostbite cases from December 1, 2019, to Mar 30, 2020, to assess their clinico-epidemiological profile. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed comprising demographic characteristics and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the frostbite cases. Frostbite cases were classified based on grades of injury and were studied for any association with age, physical activity, and temperature extremes.

Results:

A total of 29 cases of frostbite were reported during the study period with the majority of cases being <25 years of age. All cases were reported at altitudes of above 12,000 ft. and maximum cases gave a history of direct exposure to extreme weather conditions or other predisposing factors. The most common complaint at the onset of the symptoms was discoloration of the skin followed by swelling of digits and pain with most of the cases falling under first and second grade of injury. Protective clothing and footwear were adequate during induction/de-induction/stay in extreme climate regions.

Conclusions:

Exposure to extreme cold climates, high altitude, personal clothing, and physical exertion plays an essential role in the occurrence of frostbite cases as well as their severity. With the rising number of cases of frostbite, understanding of multiple factors which predisposes to frostbite injury is essential.
Infant and Toddler Sleep: The Existing Knowledge Gaps!
Authors: Kaur Hardeep , Kansal Vishal , Vashishtha Kundan , Bhat Vivek , Dange Hemendra , Mahajan Gaurav
Published: October 2024

Background:

Sleep architecture of infants is vastly different from adults and a significant knowledge gap exists in understanding infant sleep. We aimed to study infant sleep behavior by using validated revised Brief Infant Sleep questionnaire at a tertiary care center in Western Maharashtra.

Methodology:

We enrolled 65 infants from 1 month to 3 years of age visiting Pediatric OPD between October 2023 to March 2024. We aimed to study infant sleep behavior in a cross section of population at a tertiary care center with a view to find out prevalence of behavioral insomnia of childhood in study population.

Results:

Around 38.5% children were sleeping less than 5 hours at night and 12.3 % were sleeping only for 6-7 hours. 58.5% children had prolonged sleep onset latency between 30-60 minutes. Around 27.7% children had sleep latency even more than 60 minutes after being put to bed. 70.8% children reported nocturnal awakenings of whom 18.3% reported frequent awakenings. Total sleep duration in our study was 8.592 ± 1.79 hours (Mean ± 2SD). Longest stretch of nocturnal sleep was 5.869 ± 3.72 hours (Mean ± 2SD). Based on the total duration of sleep, prevalence of behavioural insomnia of childhood in our study was 41.5%. The most common associations with behavioural insomnia of childhood were breastfeeding, bottle feeding and rocking but the results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of behavioral insomnia of childhood in India is higher than western population. Indian children have shorter average sleep duration compared to their western counterparts. Bedtime routine needs to be observed regularly to avoid development of behavioral insomnia of childhood which requires strict bedtime rules and consistency.
A Biomass-based Carbon Negative Brayton-Rankine Coupled Cycle Employing MCFC, Gasification and Combustion Boiler
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India, Zaman Sk Arafat , Ghosh Sudip , Fedyukhin Alexander
Published: October 2024

— Biomass based plants with CO2 capture usually experience low efficiency, at the same time, have great potential of mitigating environmental damage due to climate change. In this work, unlike conventional power plants, a novel biomass-based carbon negative power plant has been conceived considering both biomass gasification and a biomass combustion boiler. CO2 capture and improved efficiency due to the unique integration of the plant components are the major expected outcome from the proposed plant model. The plant contains a steam cycle, an MCFC and an EFGT unit as the power producing blocks. A vital operating parameter i.e., biomass combustion boiler equivalence ratio () has been varied to witness the changes in performance of the plant. The net power generated by the plant seemed to be increasing with . The plant performs best when the plant is operated at a  value of 2.5. At this operating condition, the net power generated by the power plant found to be 13796 kW with 75.52 % efficiency and 0.3957 kg/kWh specific biomass consumption (SBC).
Process Modeling and Simulation of Sugarcane Bagasse Gasification using different Oxidizing Medium: A Universal Gasification Model
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India, Doke Sandeep , Zaman Sk Arafat , Ghosh Sudip
Published: October 2024

Biomass gasification is gaining significant interests among the researchers as the syngas/producer gas obtained from gasification of biomass can be versatile in usage. However, the outcome of gasification (gas composition/LHV/CGE) varies with the gasification medium employed. This article presents the process modeling of sugarcane bagasse gasification for three different gasifying media, namely air, steam and air-steam, using cycle tempo software to identify the best among different gasification processes for the considered response variables. A process model has been developed, and the gas composition predicted by the proposed model is validated with published experimental results for different biomass feeds. The influence of important operational parameters such as SBR, ER and gasification temperature on gas composition, LHV, and CGE were analyzed and compared for all three gasifying media. SBR, ER and gasification temperature have a very strong impact on the gas composition, LHV, and CGE. With the increase in SBR value, H2 concentration increases, whereas the concentration of CO decreases. The maximum concentration of H2 was observed to be 57.81 % at an SBR of 2 and at a gasification temperature of 750ºC for steam gasification. For air-steam gasification, optimum values of SBR and ER are observed to be 0.5 and 0.2, respectively, at a gasification temperature of 750ºC, where LHV (9.91 MJ/kg) and CGE (84.14%) were found to be maximum.
Effect of Large Wind Attack Angle on Stone-cutter Bridge
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SVU, Kumar Samir , Haldar Puja , Kundu Prithwish , Karmakr Somnath
Published: October 2024

One of the aerodynamically preferable bridge shapes is a Twin box girder. This paper presents a study on the dynamic response of a stone cutter bridge deck under a large wind attack angle by an Incompressible computational fluid dynamic tool. After grid simulation analysis, the stationary aerodynamic performance shows preferable results at null attack angles. The heaving, rotational displacement, velocity and acceleration results help to understand this twinbox girder bridge's aerodynamic and aeroelastic performance. However, at large EA, the nature of the flow characteristic is different. The kinetic energy has also been analyzed, where the box girder's downstream side extracts less energy than the upstream side
Comparative study of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of n-Pentanol/Diesel Blend
Authors:   National Institute of Technology, Sikkim, India, Mishra V. P. , Mondal P. , Barman S.
Published: October 2024

The Increasing pollution has become high concern, to move on the other alternative fuel. In this research work along with performance and emission combustion characteristics of a naturally aspirated, power 3.50 kW @ 1500 rpm, single Cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled, VCR diesel engine is done. Engine was powered with blends of pentanol in diesel with 12%(P12D88) and 20%(P20D80) v/v, this analysis was conducted at 2kg, 4kg, 6kg, 8kg, 10kg and 12kg loads. The obtained results were studied and compared with pure diesel (D100). Ignition delay for the blend has reduced from 9o to 8o . NHR, MGT and combustion duration (CD) of the blend increased with increase in pentanol ratio in diesel and also higher than D100. NHR for P12D88 and P20D80 were 12.88% and 14.65 % more than pure diesel at full loading. BTE of P20D88 was 7.3% more than D100 and D100 was more efficient at other loadings. BSFC has similar data as that of BTE. NOx emission was lower for blends and decreased with increase in pentanol contain, NOx emission reduced by 25- 45% at lower and 33-37% at full loading. CO and HC emission of the blends were better than D100 at higher loadings.