bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validade e confiabilidade da “Escala de Atencão Plena e Consciência” (MAAS) e “Questionário das Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness” (FFMQ) entre profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Atanes Ana Cristina Melo , Barros Víviam Vargas de , Ronzani Telmo , Leonelli Luiz Bernardo , Kozasa Elisa Harumi , Andreoni Solange , Demarzo Marcelo Marcos Piva
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Há crescente interesse em correlacionar níveis de consciência e bem estar através de programas que unam práticas contemplativas, e vem sido evidenciado redução de afeto negativo e aumento da habilidade autoregulativa, por meio do acréscimo de capacidade metacognitiva (mindfulness). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a validade e confiabilidade de duas escalas que mensuram mindfulness e as suas inter-relações com variáveis sócio demográficas e de bem estar subjetivo junto a profissionais da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Método: Para a validade de constructo utilizar-se-á uma validade convergente (escala de bem-estar subjetivo - EBES), e para a consistência interna será utilizado cálculo alfa de Cronbach. Correlacionaremos os resultados de duas partes da MAAS na fidedignidade split-half, com índice Kappa. Também com o intuito de reforçar o poder de confiabilidade do estudo, será utilizado o sistema de “teste – reteste” aplicando-se novamente tanto os instrumentos que medem Mindfulness (FMMQ e MAAS) como a EBES. Será adotado como nível de significância de 5% em todos os testes estatísticos (?=0,05). Resultados parciais: Incluímos até o momento 449 sujeitos de equipes mínimas de APS (médicos, enfermeiras, auxiliares, agentes comunitários de saúde) das unidades do território Aricanduva/Sapobemba/São Mateus, do Programa de Atenção Básica e Saúde da Família. Resultados esperados e conclusões: Estima-se avaliar as propriedades psicrométricas das escalas originais quando utilizadas em profissionais de APS e contribuir para a maior compreensão sobre o nível de mindfulness destes profissionais, bem como suas implicações para a redução de casos de esgotamento profissional.
Hypercholesterolemia During Pregnancy is Caused by Increased Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis: Let’s Use it for Screening of Familial Hypercholesterolemias Too!
Authors: Hyánek Josef , Pehal František , Dubská Ladislava , Míková Blanka , Gombíková Lada , Kubu Stanislav , Halácková Petra , Feyreisl Jaroslav , Táborský Ludek
Published: March 2018

Aims: To demonstrate the origin and the diagnostic significance of non-cholesterol sterols (NCSs) in healthy pregnant women with gestational hypercholesterolemia.
Patients and Methods: Based on a total of 21,000 clinical biochemistry tests of healthy pregnant women with hypercholesterolemia observed during pregnancy, a group of 84 women with TC (total cholesterol) >7.0 mmol/L was recruited to analyze their NCSs using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. The NCSs under examination comprised lathosterol (Lat) and desmosterol (Des) as markers of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and campesterol (Cam) and sitosterol (Sit) as markers for intestinal absorption.
Results: In the total of 21,000 pregnant women, the median values were: TC 6.8 mol/l, LDL-C 4.6 mmol/L, and HDL-C 2.2 mmol/L. In the testing group of 84 women, the average values were: Lat 7.8+/-1.7 μmol/L, Des 4.7+/-0.9 μmol/L, Cam 9.8+/-2.6 μmol/L, and Sit 9.6 +/-3.8 μmol/L. Lat was found to correlate with TC (r = 0.53), LDL-C (r = 0.36), and non-HDL-C (r = 0.35). No such correlations were observed for Sit (r = 0.162) or Cam (r = 0.153).
Conclusion: Our findings show that the high incidence of hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy is caused by increased endogenous cholesterol synthesis via lathosterol. The enormous rise of TC levels during pregnancy can be effectively used to detect familial hypercholesterolemia in women.
Le repentir en politique sur la scène canadienne (2005-2014) : les risques de l’équivoque
Authors: Turbide Olivier
Published: March 2018

Cet article propose une analyse de contenu des discours de repentir produits par des politiciens canadiens entre 2005 et 2014. À partir d’une approche interactionniste, cette étude examine les formes que prennent ces discours, des formes qui se situent sur un continuum allant des formes exemplaires à des formes simulées de repentir. Si l’analyse montre la prédominance des marques d’équivoque dans ce discours, elle révèle également que 1) le pseudo-repentir s’incarne dans des formes variées, reflétant la tension entre le désir du politicien de s’amender et celui de protéger son image ; 2) le degré de simulation du repentir s’explique en partie par le contexte de la controverse où les réactions des publics de l’offenseur, la nature de l’offense, la réputation de l’offenseur et le rapport de pouvoir entre l’offenseur et l’offensé jouent un rôle dans la sélection d’une forme de repentir.
Donner ou prendre ? L’obligation de rendre dans l’économie de la puissance
Authors: Bernier Émilie
Published: March 2018

Depuis l’oeuvre de Mauss sur le don, l’obligation de rendre ce qui est donné est décrite dans la littérature anthropologique comme condition primordiale de toute institution humaine. Sur cette base, et suivant l’analyse spinoziste de Frédéric Lordon, nous suggérons que toute production anthropologique soit l’effet d’un certain intérêt, que nous disons essentiel, dont nous découvrons les structures et les affects dans les divers schèmes de la reddition, des sociétés qui pratiquent le don rituel aux sociétés de marché ou à État. À partir d’un examen de la réception des thèses de Mauss, nous arguons que ces schèmes de reddition, à commencer par les mises en scènes des jeux de don/contre-don, ne s’expliquent pas par la fonction d’institution symbolique du social qu’ils assurent effectivement, mais par le travail de marquage des corps qu’ils effectuent. En nous situant à l’intersection de Marx et de Nietzsche, nous exposons l’économie de la puissance qu’exigent les différentes effectuations historiques de l’endettement primordial, tel qu’il est établi par une pensée spinoziste de l’intérêt.
Use of Social Norms in the Production of Legal Norms : A Genealogical and Critical Approach to Nudges
Authors: Brunon-Ernst Anne
Published: March 2018

The text looks into the conditions justifying the use of a social norm as the basis for establishing a legally binding rule. It starts with the definition of some key-terms (nudges, behavioural insights, social norms) before describing initiatives led by the UK Nudge Unit and other behaviourally-informed policies, such as default options, used in a legal context. This helps to highlight the type of problems related to the incorporation of social norms in legal norms, especially the importance of deviance to the social norm. Jeremy Bentham’s and Michel Foucault’s writings can be used to solve the problems raised. A framework can be devised to explain when a social norm can legitimately be incorporated in a legal norm. Indeed, beyond statistical evidence which identifies recurring patterns of behaviour, only a meta-norm can justify the choice of a legal norm. It is the efficacy of the norm which appears as a legitimising factor as it allows the promotion either of the productive forces in society (according to Foucault) or of utilitarian principles (according to Bentham). However, it seems that this meta-norm can be legitimately imposed only if it emanates from a strict deliberative discipline and is publicised. The article thus concludes that deliberation and publicity are the two means allowing to check that the legal norm complies with the meta-norm, thus legitimising the use of a social norm as a legally binding rule.
Random Forest as a generic framework for predictive modeling of spatial and spatio-temporal variables
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Nussbaum Madlene , Wright Marvin N , Heuvelink Gerard B.M.
Published: March 2018

Random forest and similar Machine Learning techniques are already used to generate spatial predictions, but spatial location of points (geography) is often ignored in the modeling process. Spatial auto-correlation, especially if still existent in the cross-validation residuals, indicates that the predictions are maybe biased, and this is suboptimal. This paper presents a random forest for spatial predictions framework (RFsp) where buffer distances from observation points are used as explanatory variables, thus incorporating geographical proximity effects into the prediction process. The RFsp framework is illustrated with examples that use textbook datasets and apply spatial and spatio-temporal prediction to numeric, binary, categorical, multivariate and spatiotemporal variables. Performance of the RFsp framework is compared with the state-of-the-art kriging techniques using 5--fold cross-validation with refitting. The results show that RFsp can obtain equally accurate and unbiased predictions as different versions of kriging. Advantages of using RFsp over kriging are that it needs no rigid statistical assumptions about the distribution and stationarity of the target variable, it is more flexible towards incorporating, combining and extending covariates of different types, and it possibly yields more informative maps characterizing the prediction error. RFsp appears to be especially attractive for building multivariate spatial prediction models that can be used as "knowledge engines" in various geoscience fields. Some disadvantages of RFsp are the exponentially growing computational intensity with increase of calibration data and covariates and the high sensitivity of predictions to input data quality. For many data sets, especially those with lower number of points and covariates and close-to-linear relationships, model-based geostatistics can still lead to more accurate predictions than RFsp.
Helminth Parasites of Scorpaena brasiliensis and S. plumieri (Perciformes: Scorpaenidae) from reefs of Veracruz, Mexico, Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Montoya-Mendoza Jesus , Badillo-López Sandra Edith , Amaro-Espejo Isabel Araceli , Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola , Herrera-Martínez Ignacio
Published: March 2018

Both S. brasiliensis and S. plumieri are relevant species in reef systems, but little is known about their parasitic helminths and community structure. This work describes such community in terms of species richness and diversity. A helminthological study was conducted on 33 specimens of S. brasiliensis and 36 of S. plumieri, captured in the Pájaros and Cabezo Reefs, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Ver., Mexico. The helminth community structure was analyzed in both hosts. A total of 10 parasitic species was registered for S. brasiliensis (trematodes, 5; nematodes, 3; cestodes, 1; acanthocephals, 1). S. plumieri hosted 11 species (trematodes, 4; nematodes, 4; monogeneans, 1; cestodes, 1; acanthocephals, 1), with 8 common species. Overall, parasites had prevalences < 20%, as Pseudocapillaria (Icthyocapillaria) sp., with 18.2% and 19.4% in S. brasiliensis and S. plumieri, respectively. Community component richness for S. brasiliensis was S=10, with Shannon index diversity value of H’=2.08. For S. plumieri, such values were of S=11 and H’=1.91. The richness and diversity in the components community and infracommunity of parasitic helminths for both hosts are lower than in other parasite community of marine fish Southern Gulf of Mexico.
Saccadic inhibition in a guided saccade task
Authors: Dombrowe Isabel
Published: March 2018

The eye movement system reacts very systematically to visual transients that are presented during the planning phase of a saccade. About 50 to 70 ms after the onset of a transient, the number of saccades that are started decreases, a phenomenon that has been termed saccadic inhibition. Saccades started just before this time window are hypometric compared to regular saccades, presumably because the presentation of the transient stops them in mid-flight. Recent research investigating the properties of repeated saccades to fixed locations found that these early saccades were additionally faster than expected from the main sequence relation, suggesting that a saccadic dead time during which saccades can no longer be modified does not exist. The present study investigated the properties of saccades to random locations in a guided saccade task. As expected, early saccades starting just before the saccadic inhibition dip in frequency were hypometric. Their velocity profiles implied that these saccades were actively stopped after reaching peak velocity. However, the peak velocities of these saccades did not generally deviate from the main sequence relation. The question whether an active stop of early saccades is incompatible with the idea of a saccadic dead time is open to debate.
Integrative Strategies to Address Complex HIV and Mental Health Syndemic Challenges in Racialized Communities: Insights from the CHAMP Project
Authors: Wong Josephine Pui-Hing , Fung Kenneth Po-Lun , Li Alan Tai-Wai
Published: March 2018

Marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden of syndemic challenges related to HIV, mental illness and addiction. Stigma is a major barrier to effective responses. CHAMP, an innovative community-based intervention that integrated psychological intervention and collective empowerment strategies to reduce stigma, was found to be effective for such a population.
Deception in Family Therapy: Recognition, Implications, and Intervention
Authors: North Janna , Shadid Carly , Hertlein Katherine M.
Published: March 2018

Deception, in its many forms, is present in families and relationships across the globe. The impact of the presence and discovery of family secrets or deceptive acts on the individual, the family unit, and the therapeutic process, particularly in the field of marriage and family therapy, has not been thoroughly studied or discussed. Further, deceptive acts during the therapeutic process may have implications for effective treatment planning. This article defines the various forms of deception and its systemic effects on relationships and on the therapeutic process. Possible interventions to address deception in a family therapeutic setting are proposed.
Adult Attachment Stability–Instability Before and After Marriage Between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Non‐IPV Women Separated from Partners During Military Duty in Indonesia
Authors: Yuspendi  , Handojo Virgo , Athota Vidya S. , Sihotang Mike Yuni Margaretha , Aryani Putu Ngurah Asita Dewi
Published: March 2018

The quality of attachment between intimate partners is important for women to maintain healthy relationships. Yet, the quality of attachment style and relationship can be marred and disrupted in women exposed to trauma due to intimate partner violence (IPV). Research suggests that the impact of trauma on women can be transmitted over generations due to the inability to regulate emotions, specifically in dealing with their children. The aim of this study was to explore the disruption of adult attachment patterns by comparing a group of women in Indonesia who have been affected by IPV, and a group of women who have not been affected by IPV but who have been separated from their partner during military duty. A cross‐sectional study comparing two groups: women exposed to IPV (n = 35) and women not exposed to IPV (n = 35) was carried out. The adult attachment scale before and after marriage was obtained using Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised scales. The results revealed a significant shift of attachment style on the Avoidant dimension of the non‐IPV group separated by partner military duty and a slight change on the overall attachment of the IPV group, but relative stability on the Anxiety dimensions. The study interpreted the findings as being more supportive of the prototype perspective rather than the revisionist perspective. Family therapists may reduce the attachment Avoidant dimension as a therapeutic goal of intervention to change the insecure to a more secure working model.
Video Game Use as a Tool for Assessing and Intervening with Identity Formation and Social Development in Family Therapy
Authors: Earl Ryan M.
Published: March 2018

Because video games are becoming such an integral part of our culture, modern family therapists are more likely than ever to encounter families with members who play them. It is easy to overlook video game use in terms of its potential as a therapeutic tool, particularly if a therapist possesses only limited knowledge of the medium. Using existing literature and my experience as a lifelong gamer, I provide family therapists with a background of the major video game genres and explain how video games can aid in the assessment of factors such as identity formation and social development. I also provide a systemic case example, recommendations for practice, and a table for quick reference to highlight potential videogame‐based family therapy interventions.
Can MBR Replace Membrane Filtration in Full Advanced Treatment for Potable Reuse?
Authors: Hirani Zakir M.
Published: March 2018

Pathogen removal data for membrane bioreactors demonstrates its readiness for potable reuse application in lieu of membrane filtration.
Pathogen Rejection in Potable Reuse: The Role of NF/RO and Importance of Integrity Testing
Authors: Alspach Brent
Published: March 2018

Although nanofiltration and reverse osmosis may not be essential in all potable reuse treatment, they should be evaluated on whether they are necessary for achieving a specific water quality objective such as salinity reduction, for which few other viable alternatives are available.
Cover Picture: Synthesis of Subnanometer‐Sized Gold Clusters by a Simple Milling‐Mediated Solid Reduction Method (Chin. J. Chem. 4/2018)
Authors: Liu Qinggang , Wang Xinkui , Ren Yujing , Yang Xiaofeng , Wu Zhilian , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Lin , Miao Shu , Su Yang , Li Yanqin , Liang Changhai , Huang Yanqiang
Published: March 2018

The cover picture shows a simple milling‐mediated solid reduction method for fabricating of ultrafine gold catalysts. By solid grinding of the N‐modified SiO2 supported Au precursors with NaBH4, subnanometer‐sized clusters and isolated Au atoms can be facilely obtained by tuning the metal loading. This method establishes a good basis for fundamental understanding the size effect of Au in the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate, and provides a general methodology for supported nano‐catalyst preparation. More details are discussed in the article by Huang et al. on page 329–332.

image
Inside Cover: Temperature‐responsive Catalyst for the Coupling Reaction of Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide (Chin. J. Chem. 4/2018)
Authors: Zhuo Chunwei , Qin Yusheng , Wang Xianhong , Wang Fosong
Published: March 2018

The inside cover picture shows a temperature controllable porphyrin aluminum catalyst using 5,10,15,20‐tetra(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐1,4:5,8‐dimethanoanthracen‐9‐yl)porphyrin as ligand, which showed significantly temperature‐responsive selectivity in the coupling reaction of CO2 and PO. Only cycloaddition reaction happened at temperature above 75 °C to produce 100% CPC, whereas copolymerization became dominant to afford PPC with selectivity over 91% at temperature below 50 °C. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 299–305.

image
Multiple drivers, scales, and interactions influence southern Appalachian stream salamander occupancy
Authors: Cecala Kristen K. , Maerz John C. , Halstead Brian J. , Frisch John R. , Gragson Ted L. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeffrey , Leigh David S. , Jackson C. Rhett , Peterson James T. , Pringle Catherine M.
Published: March 2018

Understanding how factors that vary in spatial scale relate to population abundance is vital to forecasting species responses to environmental change. Stream and river ecosystems are inherently hierarchical, potentially resulting in organismal responses to fine‐scale changes in patch characteristics that are conditional on the watershed context. Here, we address how populations of two salamander species are affected by interactions among hierarchical processes operating at different scales within a rapidly changing landscape of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled reach‐level occupancy of larval and adult black‐bellied salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) and larval Blue Ridge two‐lined salamanders (Eurycea wilderae) as a function of 17 different terrestrial and aquatic predictor variables that varied in spatial extent. We found that salamander occurrence varied widely among streams within fully forested catchments, but also exhibited species‐specific responses to changes in local conditions. WhileD. quadramaculatusdeclined predictably in relation to losses in forest cover, larval occupancy exhibited the strongest negative response to forest loss as well as decreases in elevation. Conversely, occupancy ofE. wilderaewas unassociated with watershed conditions, only responding negatively to higher proportions of fast‐flowing stream habitat types. Evaluation of hierarchical relationships demonstrated that most fine‐scale variables were closely correlated with broad watershed‐scale variables, suggesting that local reach‐scale factors have relatively smaller effects within the context of the larger landscape. Our results imply that effective management of southern Appalachian stream salamanders must first focus on the larger scale condition of watersheds before management of local‐scale conditions should proceed. Our findings confirm the results of some studies while refuting the results of others, which may indicate that prescriptive recommendations for range‐wide management of species or the application of a single management focus across large geographic areas is inappropriate.
Effect of smoking and refrigeration on lipid oxidation of Clupea harengus: A fish commonly consumed in Cameroon
Authors: Tenyang Noel , Tiencheu Bernard , Womeni Hilaire Macaire
Published: March 2018

Changes in lipids of herring (Clupea harengus) muscle during different smoking methods and 9 days of refrigeration at 4°C were investigated. The proximate analysis of raw herring revealed that the total lipid, the total protein content and the crude ash were 10.20%, 69.43%, and 19.42%, respectively. The results also indicated that during all processing free fatty acids (FFAs) and peroxide value (PV) increased, whereas iodine value (IV) and total triglycerides decreased. The change were more significantly (p < .05) during unbleached + hot smoking and refrigeration at more than 6 days. All these modification decrease the nutritional value of herring. Bleaching combined to smoking and refrigeration at <6 days had more desire effect on lipid oxidation of herring compared to other treatments. The fish obtained in these conditions are more suitable for feeding heath nutrition.
The combined effect of probiotic cultures and incubation final pH on the quality of buffalo milk yogurt during cold storage
Authors: Akgun Abdullah , Yazici Fehmi , Gulec Haci Ali
Published: March 2018

The combined effects of starter culture type (SCT) and incubation final pH (IFpH) on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of buffalo milk yogurt containing 3 g·100 g−1 milk fat were investigated throughout 20 days of storage at 4°C. The postacidification kinetics fitted to zero‐order reaction for all buffalo milk yogurt samples. The reaction rate constants of the buffalo milk yogurt samples containing YC‐X11, ABY‐2, and ABT‐4 cultures were 0.010, 0.007, and 0.004 g·100 g−1·day−1, respectively. Regardless of the IFpH, the absence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in the starter culture increased the syneresis. L*, a*, and b* values were not affected by the IFpH and the SCT. ABY‐2 culture increased the amount of organic acids during cold storage in comparison with the YC‐X11, while its effect on the proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was not significant. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that a more acceptable buffalo milk yogurt can be manufactured by using probiotic ABY‐2 culture.
A pragmatic approach to monitor and evaluate implementation and impact of differentiated ART delivery for global and national stakeholders
Authors: Ehrenkranz Peter D , Calleja Jesus MG , El‐Sadr Wafaa , Fakoya Ade O , Ford Nathan , Grimsrud Anna , Harris Kate L , Jed Suzanne L , Low‐Beer Daniel , Patel Sadhna V , Rabkin Miriam , Reidy William John , Reinisch Annette , Siberry George K , Tally Leigh A , Zulu Isaac , Zaidi Irum
Published: March 2018

Introduction

The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation of “Treat All” has accelerated the call for differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery, a method of care that efficiently uses limited resources to increase access to HIV treatment. WHO has further recommended that stable individuals on ART receive refills every 3 to 6 months and attend clinical visits every 3 to 6 months. However, there is not yet consensus on how to ensure that the quality of services is maintained as countries strive to meet these standards. This commentary responds to this gap by defining a pragmatic approach to the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the scale up of differentiated ART delivery for global and national stakeholders.

Discussion

Programme managers need to demonstrate that the scale up of differentiated ART delivery is achieving the desired effectiveness and efficiency outcomes to justify continued support by national and global stakeholders. To achieve this goal, the two existing global WHO HIV treatment indicators of ART retention and viral suppression should be augmented with two broad aggregate measures. The addition of indicators measuring the frequency of (1) clinical and (2) refill visits by PLHIV per year will allow evaluation of the pace of scale up while monitoring its overall effect on the quality and efficiency of services. The combination of these four routinely collected aggregate indicators will also facilitate the comparison of outcomes among facilities, regions or countries implementing different models of ART delivery. Enhanced monitoring or additional assessments will be required to answer other critical questions on the process of implementation, acceptability, effectiveness and efficiency.

Conclusions

These proposed outcomes are useful markers for the effectiveness and efficiency of the health system's attempts to deliver quality treatment to those who need it—and still reserve as much of the available resource pool as possible for other key elements of the HIV response.
Safety of nintedanib before lung transplant: an Italian case series
Authors: Balestro Elisabetta , Solidoro Paolo , Parigi Piercarlo , Boffini Massimo , Lucianetti Alessandro , Rea Federico
Published: March 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal disease that can only be cured by lung transplantation. Pharmacological agents play a role in preserving lung function and prolonging survival until a suitable donor organ becomes available. However, data on the effects of newer antifibrotic therapies on lung transplantation outcomes in IPF patients are lacking. The nine patients included in this case series were treated with nintedanib 150 mg twice daily for 3–30 (mean 13 ± 9) months before lung transplant surgery. Lung function was relatively preserved during nintedanib therapy, and no acute IPF exacerbations occurred. Transplant surgery was generally uneventful; eight of the nine patients are still alive. There were no extraordinary bleeding complications or issues with postoperative thoracic wound healing or dehiscence. Only one patient experienced bronchial anastomotic stenosis a few months later. In conclusion, nintedanib preserved lung function up to transplantation, was well tolerated, and had no detrimental effects on the short‐term outcome of lung transplant.
Black holes from large N singlet models
Authors: Amado Irene , Sundborg Bo , Thorlacius Larus , Wintergerst Nico
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The emergent nature of spacetime geometry and black holes can be directly probed in simple holographic duals of higher spin gravity and tensionless string theory. To this end, we study time dependent thermal correlation functions of gauge invariant observables in suitably chosen free large N gauge theories. At low temperature and on short time scales the correlation functions encode propagation through an approximate AdS spacetime while interesting departures emerge at high temperature and on longer time scales. This includes the existence of evanescent modes and the exponential decay of time dependent boundary correlations, both of which are well known indicators of bulk black holes in AdS/CFT. In addition, a new time scale emerges after which the correlation functions return to a bulk thermal AdS form up to an overall temperature dependent normalization. A corresponding length scale was seen in equal time correlation functions in the same models in our earlier work.
Prompt photon production and photon-jet correlations at the LHC
Authors: Klasen Michael , Klein-Bösing Christian , Poppenborg Hendrik
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Next-to-leading order predictions matched to parton showers are compared with recent ATLAS data on isolated photon production and CMS data on associated photon and jet production in pp and pPb collisions at different centre-of-mass energies of the LHC. We find good agreement and, as expected, considerably reduced scale uncertainties compared to previous theoretical calculations. Predictions are made for the ratio of inclusive photons over decay photons R

γ
, an important quantity to evaluate the significance of additional photon sources, e.g. thermal radiation from a Quark-Gluon-Plasma, and for distributions in the parton momentum fraction in lead ions x
Pb
obs
, that could be determined by ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb in ongoing analyses of photon+jet production in pPb collisions at

$$ \sqrt{s_{N\ N}} = 5.02 $$

s

N

N

=

5.02

TeV. These data should have an important impact on the determination of nuclear effects such as shadowing at low x.
Anatomic Location and Mechanism of Injury Correlating with Prehospital Deaths in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Reid T. D. , Strassle P. D. , Gallaher J. , Grudziak J. , Mabedi C. , Charles A. G.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Trauma is a large contributor to morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We sought to determine which anatomic injury locations and mechanisms of injury predispose to prehospital mortality in Malawi to help target preventive and therapeutic interventions. We hypothesized that head injury would result in the highest prehospital mortality.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of all trauma patients presenting to Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, from 2008 to 2015. Independent variables included baseline characteristics, anatomic location of primary injury, mechanism of injury, and severity of secondary injuries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of primary injury location and injury mechanism on prehospital death, after adjusting for confounders. Effect measure modification of the primary injury site/prehospital death relationship by injury mechanism (stratified into intentional and unintentional injury) was assessed.

Results

Of 85,806 patients, 701 died in transit (0.8%). Five hundred and five (72%) of these patients sustained a primary head injury. After adjustment, head injury was the anatomic location most associated with prehospital death (OR 11.81 (95% CI 6.96–20.06, p < 0.0001). The mechanisms of injury most associated with prehospital death were gunshot wounds (OR 38.23, 95% CI 17.66–87.78, p < 0.0001) and pedestrian hit by vehicle (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.92–3.55, p < 0.0001). Among head injury patients, the odds of prehospital mortality were higher with unintentional injuries.

Conclusions

Head injuries are the most common causes of prehospital death in Malawi, while pedestrians hit by vehicles are the most common mechanisms. In a resource‐poor setting, preventive measures are critical in averting mortality.
Perforated Diverticulitis with Generalized Peritonitis: Low Stoma Rate Using a “Damage Control Strategy”
Authors: Sohn Maximilian , Iesalnieks I. , Agha A. , Steiner P. , Hochrein A. , Pratschke J. , Ritschl P. , Aigner F.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Optimal surgical management of perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon has yet to be clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of a “Damage Control Strategy” (DCS).

Materials and methods

Patients with perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon complicated by generalized peritonitis (Hinchey III and IV) surgically treated according to a damage control strategy between May 2011 and February 2017 were enrolled in the present multicenter retrospective cohort study. Data were collected at three surgical centers. DCS comprises a two‐stage concept: [1] limited resection of the perforated colon segment with oral and aboral blind closure during the emergency procedure and [2] definitive reconstruction at scheduled second laparotomy (anastomosis ∓ loop ileostomy or a Hartmann’s procedure) after 24–48 h.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients were included into the analysis [W:M 28:30, median age 70.1 years (30–92)]. Eleven patients (19%) initially presented with fecal peritonitis (Hinchey IV) and 47 patients with purulent peritonitis (Hinchey III). An anastomosis could be created during the second procedure in 48 patients (83%), 14 of those received an additional loop ileostomy. In the remaining ten patients (n = 17%), an end colostomy was created at second laparotomy. A fecal diversion was performed in five patients to treat anastomotic complications. Thus, altogether, 29 patients (50%) had stoma at the end of the hospital stay. The postoperative mortality was 9% (n = 5), and median postoperative hospital stay was 18.5 days (3–66). At the end of the follow‐up, 44 of 53 surviving patients were stoma free (83%).

Conclusion

The use of the Damage Control strategy leads to a comparatively low stoma rate in patients suffering from perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis.
Impact of Jaundice on Outcomes Following Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients with Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Poh Benjamin R. , Cashin Paul A. , Croagh Daniel G.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Traditional teaching dictates that it may not be prudent to take the jaundiced patient to theatre for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy as they may experience worse outcomes following surgery.

Methods

A prospective cohort of 104 patients undergoing emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy was stratified into two groups using a serum total bilirubin of above 50 μmol/L (2.9 mg/dL) to define the jaundiced group. Primary outcomes were morbidity and mortality rate. The Clavien–Dindo classification and the novel Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) were applied to the grading of surgical complications. Multivariate analysis to identify possible predictors of morbidity and length of stay was also performed.

Results

Overall morbidity rate in the jaundiced group was 28 versus 36% (control), p = 0.405. Mean CCI in the jaundiced group was 5.28 versus 8.00 in the control group, p = 0.229. Mean length of stay was shorter in the jaundiced group, 4.65 versus 6.51 days, p = 0.036. There were no peri‐operative mortalities or conversions to open surgery. Only male gender and the presence of retained stones were found to be associated with morbidity. Serum total bilirubin was not associated with increased morbidity.

Conclusion

Amongst patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy who are found to have choledocholithiasis on IOC, the presence of jaundice does not appear to contribute towards increased morbidity.
Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate–high-fat diet recommendable?
Authors: Brouns Fred
Published: March 2018

In the past, different types of diet with a generally low-carbohydrate content (< 50–< 20 g/day) have been promoted, for weight loss and diabetes, and the effectiveness of a very low dietary carbohydrate content has always been a matter of debate. A significant reduction in the amount of carbohydrates in the diet is usually accompanied by an increase in the amount of fat and to a lesser extent, also protein. Accordingly, using the term “low carb–high fat” (LCHF) diet is most appropriate. Low/very low intakes of carbohydrate food sources may impact on overall diet quality and long-term effects of such drastic diet changes remain at present unknown. This narrative review highlights recent metabolic and clinical outcomes of studies as well as practical feasibility of low LCHF diets. A few relevant observations are as follows: (1) any diet type resulting in reduced energy intake will result in weight loss and related favorable metabolic and functional changes; (2) short-term LCHF studies show both favorable and less desirable effects; (3) sustained adherence to a ketogenic LCHF diet appears to be difficult. A non-ketogenic diet supplying 100–150 g carbohydrate/day, under good control, may be more practical. (4) There is lack of data supporting long-term efficacy, safety and health benefits of LCHF diets. Any recommendation should be judged in this light. (5) Lifestyle intervention in people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while maintaining a relative carbohydrate-rich diet, results in long-term prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes and is generally seen as safe.
Is Less Noise, Light and Parental/Caregiver Stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Better for Neonates?
Authors: Venkataraman Rohini , Kamaluddeen Majeeda , Amin Harish , Lodha Abhay
Published: March 2018

In utero sensory stimuli and interaction with the environment strongly influence early phases of fetal and infant development. Extremely premature infants are subjected to noxious procedures and routine monitoring, in addition to exposure to excessive light and noise, which disturb the natural sleep cycle and induce stress. Non-invasive ventilation, measures to prevent sepsis, and human milk feeding improve short-term and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. To preserve brain function, and to improve quality of life and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, the focus now is on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and its impact on the infant during hospital stay. The objectives of this write-up are to understand the effects of environmental factors, including lighting and noise in the NICU, on sensory development of the infant, the need to decrease parental and caregiver stress, and to review existing literature, local policies and recommendations.
Impact of physician payment mechanism on emergency department operational performance
Authors: Innes Grant D. , Scheuermeyer Frank X. , Marsden Julian , Sing Chad Kim , Kalla Dan , Stenstrom Rob , Law Michael , Grafstein Eric
Published: March 2018

Objective

Fee-for-service payment may motivate physicians to see more patients and achieve higher productivity. In 2015, emergency physicians at one Vancouver hospital switched to fee-for-service payment, while those at a sister hospital remained on contract, creating a natural experiment where the compensation method changed, but other factors remained constant. Our hypothesis was that fee-for-service payment would increase physician efficiency and reduce patient wait times.

Methods

This interrupted time series with concurrent control analysed emergency department (ED) performance during a 42-week period, encompassing the intervention (fee for service). Data were aggregated by week and plotted in a time series fashion. We adjusted for autocorrelation and developed general linear regression models to assess level and trend changes. Our primary outcome was the wait time to physician.

Results

Data from 142,361 ED visits were analysed. Baseline wait times rose at both sites during the pre-intervention phase. Immediately post-intervention, the median wait time increased by 2.4 minutes at the control site and fell by 7.2 minutes at the intervention site (difference=9.6 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-16.4;p=0.007). The wait time trend (slope) subsequently deteriorated by 0.5 minutes per week at the intervention site relative to the expected counterfactual (pfor the trend difference=0.07). By the end of the study, cross-site differences had not changed significantly from baseline.

Conclusion

Fee-for-service payment was associated with a 9.6-minute (24%) reduction in wait time, compatible with an extrinsic motivational effect; however, this was not sustained, and the intervention had no impact on other operational parameters studied. Physician compensation is an important policy issue but may not be a primary determinant of ED operational efficiency.
Coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: March 2018

This article discusses the description of wall-bounded turbulence as a deterministic high-dimensional dynamical system of interacting coherent structures, defined as eddies with enough internal dynamics to behave relatively autonomously from any remaining incoherent part of the flow. The guiding principle is that randomness is not a property, but a methodological choice of what to ignore in the flow, and that a complete understanding of turbulence, including the possibility of control, requires that it be kept to a minimum. After briefly reviewing the underlying low-order statistics of flows at moderate Reynolds numbers, the article examines what two-point statistics imply for the decomposition of the flow into individual eddies. Intense eddies are examined next, including their temporal evolution, and shown to satisfy many of the properties required for coherence. In particular, it is shown that coherent structures larger than the Corrsin scale are a natural consequence of the shear. In wall-bounded turbulence, they can be classified into coherent dispersive waves and transient bursts. The former are found in the viscous layer near the wall, and as very large structures spanning the entire boundary layer. Although they are shear-driven, these waves have enough internal structure to maintain a uniform advection velocity. Conversely, bursts exist at all scales, are characteristic of the logarithmic layer, and interact almost linearly with the shear. While the waves require a wall to determine their length scale, the bursts are essentially independent from it. The article concludes with a brief review of our present theoretical understanding of turbulent structures, and with a list of open problems and future perspectives.

‘Chance is the name we give to what we choose to ignore (Voltaire)’
Hindfins ofIchthyosaurus: effects of large sample size on ‘distinct’ morphological characters
Authors: MASSARE JUDY A. , LOMAX DEAN R.
Published: March 2018

The abundance of specimens ofIchthyosaurusprovides an opportunity to assess morphological variation without the limits of a small sample size. This research evaluates the variation and taxonomic utility of hindfin morphology. Two seemingly distinct morphotypes of the mesopodium occur in the genus. Morphotype 1 has three elements in the third row: metatarsal two, distal tarsal three and distal tarsal four. This is the common morphology inIchthyosaurus breviceps,I. conybeariandI. somersetensis. Morphotype 2 has four elements in the third row, owing to a bifurcation. This morphotype occurs in at least some specimens of each species, but it has several variations distinguished by the extent of contact of elements in the third row with the astragalus. Two specimens display a different morphotype in each fin, suggesting that the difference reflects individual variation. InIchthyosaurus, the hindfin is taxonomically useful at the genus level, but species cannot be identified unequivocally from a well-preserved hindfin, although certain morphologies are more common in certain species than others. The large sample size filled in morphological gaps between what initially appeared to be taxonomically distinct characters. The full picture of variation would have been obscured with a small sample size. Furthermore, we have found several unusual morphologies which, in isolation, could have been mistaken for new taxa. Thus, one must be cautious when describing new species or genera on the basis of limited material, such as isolated fins and fragmentary specimens.
Some limits and political implications of participation within health and social care for older adults
Authors: CAREY MALCOLM
Published: March 2018

This paper critically examines service user participation and involvement for older adults. It concentrates on research and community-led engagement for older people, and maintains that despite extensive support and expansion, participation offers a complex form of governance and ideological control, as well as a means by which local governments and some welfare professions seek to legitimise or extend their activities. Some of the paradoxes of participation are discussed, including tensions that persist between rhetorical claims of empowerment, active citizenship and democratic engagement, on one hand, despite tendencies towards risk-aversion, welfare retrenchment and participant ambivalence, on the other. The paper also highlights practical problems in relation to participative research and community involvement, and questions arguments that participation may challenge the authority of welfare professionals. Critical theory is drawn upon to contextualise the role of participative narratives within wider welfare, including its role in moving debate away from ownership or redistribution while masking and validating policy-related goals which can counter many older people's needs. Tension is also noted between participation projects represented as resources to support ageing identities as opposed to those representing technologies for social regulation and conformity.
The Rotation of the Be Star γ Cas
Authors: Hutchings J. B.
Published: March 2018

A period of 0.7 days has been found in the peak separation and VIR ratio of the double emission profiles of Hγ and Hβ in this star. The phenomenon is believed to arise from short lived condensations near the base of an equatorially extended atmosphere, and the period to be that of rotation of the star. The deduced stellar diameter is 7 R⊙. Further considerations on the emission line profiles lead to a model of an equatorial ring extending 1-2 stellar radii with angular velocity decreasing outwards, and viewed at an axial inclination of some 60°.
Genetic diversity of norovirus in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis from Angola
Authors: Esteves A. , Nordgren J. , Tavares C. , Fortes F. , Dimbu R. , Saraiva N. , Istrate C.
Published: March 2018

Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of NoV strains identified in children under 5 years of age with AGE in four provinces of Angola. Faecal samples from 343 children were screened for NoV by an in house real-time PCR assay and genotyping was performed by partial capsid gene sequencing. NoV was detected in 17.4% (58/334) of the samples, with high detection rates in children <6 months old (19%) and in children aged 12–24 months (23%). Genotype diversity was large, as demonstrated by the 11 identified genotypes. GII.4 was the predominant genotype (20% of all NoV-positive samples), followed by GII.6 (15%), GI.3 (12%), GII.7 (10%) and by other genotypes to a lesser extent. Two GII.4 variants, New Orleans 2009 and Sydney 2012, were detected and several genetic clusters were observed for genotypes GI.3, GII.6 and GII.7. The present study shows high detection rates and genetic diversity of circulating NoV genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Angola. This information emphasises the importance of continuous assessment of NoV burden and evolution in the target population.