bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of contextual learning models through collaboration between lecturers, students, and village governments in nursing education
Authors: Rohmah Nikmatur , Azza Awatiful , Dewi Ilanka Cahya
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study aims to develop a contextual learning model through a collaboration between lecturers, students, and the village government for nursing education.Methods: This study used a qualitative design. The process of collecting the data was done through focus group discussions with 12 informants representing four stakeholders. There were four focus groups, namely universities, village governments, community health centers, and students. The discussion used open-ended questions that were developed through two parameters, the learning outcomes and learning activities. The data analysis undertaken used thematic analysis specifically.Results: There were 11 grouped concepts found in this study which were able to be divided into three categories. The learning outcome category was formed of four concepts, including attitudes, mastery of knowledge, skills, and values. The learning process category was formed of five concepts, namely learning resources, learning methods and forms, learning media, learning time, and learning subjects. The main sources of contextual learning were found to be programs and maternal and child health (MCH) issues in the village. Techniques and instruments were the two concepts in the assessment category. A collaboration between lecturers and the village government to help students and to provide learning resources in the village integrates the program (MCH) with the learning outcomes.Conclusion: These concepts are the initial framework to help the head of the study program to integrate the MCH programs and cases in the curriculum and to facilitate the contextualization of the knowledge from the nursing students.
Internationaliser l’éducation
Authors: Matasci Damiano
Published: March 2023

Pourquoi l’accès au savoir a-t-il constitué l’un des grands enjeux de la décolonisation ? C’est la question à laquelle cet ouvrage se propose de répondre en examinant le processus d’internationalisation de la politique éducative française en Afrique subsaharienne entre 1945 et 1961. Fondée sur une riche documentation archivistique, cette enquête met en lumière les relations qui se tissent entre la France, les autres puissances coloniales européennes et l’UNESCO, offrant une plongée unique au cœur des visions contrastées du développement et de la coopération internationale qui émergent au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le livre retrace plus particulièrement les échanges et les rivalités qui accompagnent l’élaboration de nouveaux paradigmes – en particulier l’éducation de base – et analyse de manière détaillée leur mise en application en Afrique occidentale et équatoriale française. Il dévoile enfin les multiples reconfigurations qui s’opèrent au moment des indépendances, fournissant un éclairage inédit sur la genèse de l’aide au développement.
Sovra(bbon)Dante : riscritture e rimediazioni della Commedia nel settimo centenario della morte di Dante
Authors: Rovere Valentina
Published: March 2023

Nell’ambito delle riscritture della Commedia pubblicate in occasione del 2021 è possibile riscontrare tre diverse tendenze : l’intento sotteso (servirsi degli strumenti moderni per raccontare il poema dantesco), il pubblico di destinatari (studenti e studentesse di ogni fascia d’età), l’interesse per tutte e tre le cantiche. Il contributo analizza cinque diversi casi di studio per indagare le varie modalità scelte da autori e autrici, mettendo parimenti in luce il variabile indice di aderenza all’avantesto.
Dante : un guide spirituel pour l’Europe moderne. Quelques remarques sur les lectures dantesques d’Ernst Troeltsch à l’occasion du jubilé allemand de la mort du poète en 1921
Authors: Palaric Bérénice
Published: March 2023

Le jubilé des 600 ans de la mort de Dante en 1921 est célébré en Allemagne dans un contexte de crise qui se reflète dans les interprétations célébrant le poète. À partir des écrits du théologien protestant et philosophe allemand Ernst Troeltsch, l’un des intellectuels les plus significatifs de la jeune République de Weimar, cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont la figure de Dante est utilisée dans les débats sur la modernité et l’avenir de l’Europe. La Divine Comédie, comprise comme « auto-purification », y apparaît comme la seule alternative raisonnable au Déclin de l’Occident, publié entre 1918 et 1922.
An Evaluation Study of User Authentication in the Malaysian FinTech Industry With uAuth Security Analytics Framework
Authors: Tan Soo Fun , Chung Gwo Chin
Published: March 2023

The increased cyberattack frequency and ferocity have alerted the fintech industry in detecting existential security threats and risks. Various authentication mechanisms have been deployed to countermeasure cyberattacks; whether these deployed solutions fulfil the security and technical standards has not been significantly investigated. This article proposed an uAuth security analytics framework to evaluate the deployed user authentication mechanisms. Subsequently, the technical evaluation study covered ten major commercial banks in Malaysia, whereas 120 respondents aged 18 to 25 participated in the user awareness study. The result found that mobile banking enforces more robust user authentication mechanisms than internet banking in Malaysia. As 80% of the Malaysia fintech systems only ranked as Level 3 of the uAuth security analytics framework, the authors urge Malaysia fintech industry to enhance their authentication factor, login and transaction verification methods, password policy, as well as readiness for quantum-safe security technologies.
Recovery of a Lost Subsea Asset at Full Ocean Depth in the Mariana Trench (10,925 m ± 4) Using a Crewed Submersible
Authors: Jamieson Alan J. , Lahey Patrick , MacCallum Rob , Buckle Stuart , Macdonald Tim , Vescovo Victor
Published: March 2023

Abstract In 2019, the Deep Submergence Support Vessel Pressure Drop embarked on the third leg of the Five Deeps Expedition. Over the course of 10 days, the full ocean depth submersible Deep Submergence Vehicle Limiting Factor made a record five dives to the
bottom of the Mariana Trench: four to the Challenger Deep, one to the Sirena Deep. The submersible was supported by three scientific landers, one of which became stuck on the seafloor at 10,925 m depth. Here we describe how, during the third dive of the campaign, the expedition utilized the
submersible to rescue this lost asset from full ocean depth. The expedition was not only significant for its operational jump from single full ocean depth dives to multiple dives in a short space of time, but demonstrated that assets lost in the deepest 45% of the oceans are no longer irretrievable.
Receptive Music Therapy for Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Golino Amanda J. , Leone Raymond , Gollenberg Audra , Gillam Amy , Toone Kristelle , Samahon Yasmin , Davis Theresa M. , Stanger Debra , Friesen Mary Ann , Meadows Anthony
Published: March 2023

Background

Live music therapy provided by a board-certified music therapist reduces anxiety, decreases pain, and improves the physiological response of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objectives

To examine the effect of live music therapy on the physiological parameters and pain and agitation levels of adult ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods

A total of 118 patients were randomly assigned to live music therapy or standard care. The music therapy group received 30 minutes of live music therapy tailored to each patient’s needs. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool were completed by critical care nurses immediately before and after each session, and the patients’ heart rates, respiratory rates, and oxygenation levels were measured.

Results

Patients who received live music therapy had significantly different scores on the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (P < .001) and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (odds ratio, 6.02; P = .002) compared with the standard care group. Significant differences between groups were also reported in heart rate (P < .001). No significant differences were found in oxygen values.

Conclusions

Live music therapy significantly reduced agitation and heart rate in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. These findings provide further evidence for the benefits of music therapy in the ICU, including in intubated patients.
Prognostic Conversations Between Parents and Physicians in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rissman Lauren , Derrington Sabrina , Michelson Kelly N.
Published: March 2023

Background

Up to 80% of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients experience new morbidities upon discharge. Patients and families rely on clear communication to prepare for post-PICU morbidities.

Methods

Surveys were given at PICU discharge to parents and attending physicians of patients who developed multi-organ dysfunction within 24 hours of PICU admission and whose parents completed an initial survey 5 to 10 days after PICU admission. Participants were asked about prognostic conversations regarding PICU mortality; patient post-PICU physical, cognitive, and psychological morbidities; and parent post-PICU psychological morbidities. Parents also indicated whether they wanted more prognostic information.

Results

Forty-nine parents and 20 PICU attending physicians completed surveys for 49 patients. Thirty parent (61%) and 29 physician (59%) surveys reported participating in any prognostic conversations. Concordance between parents and physicians about prognostic conversations was slight (κ = 0.19). Parent (n = 22; 45%) and physician (n = 23; 47%) surveys most commonly reported prognostic conversations about post-PICU physical morbidities. Parents less commonly reported conversations about post-PICU cognitive morbidities (n = 10; 20%). According to parents, bedside nurses and physicians provided most prognostic information; social workers (54%) most commonly discussed parent psychological morbidities. Twenty-six parents (53%) requested more prognostic information.

Conclusions

Most parents and physicians reported having prognostic conversations, primarily about post-PICU physical morbidities. More than half of parents wanted more information about potential post-PICU morbidities. More research is needed to understand how and when medical professionals should have prognostic conversations with parents.
Measuring Performance on the ABCDEF Bundle During Interprofessional Rounds via a Nurse-Based Assessment Tool
Authors: King Andrew J. , Potter Kelly M. , Seaman Jennifer B. , Chiyka Elizabeth A. , Hileman Bethany A. , Cooper Gregory F. , Mowery Danielle L. , Angus Derek C. , Kahn Jeremy M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Nurse-led rounding checklists are a common strategy for facilitating evidence-based practice in the intensive care unit (ICU). To streamline checklist workflow, some ICUs have the nurse or another individual listen to the conversation and customize the checklist for each patient. Such customizations assume that individuals can reliably assess whether checklist items have been addressed.

Objective

To evaluate whether 1 critical care nurse can reliably assess checklist items on rounds.

Methods

Two nurses performed in-person observation of multidisciplinary ICU rounds. Using a standardized paper-based assessment tool, each nurse indicated whether 17 items related to the ABCDEF bundle were discussed during rounds. For each item, generalizability coefficients were used as a measure of reliability, with a single-rater value of 0.70 or greater considered sufficient to support its assessment by 1 nurse.

Results

The nurse observers assessed 118 patient discussions across 15 observation days. For 11 of 17 items (65%), the generalizability coefficient for a single rater met or exceeded the 0.70 threshold. The generalizability coefficients (95% CIs) of a single rater for key items were as follows: pain, 0.86 (0.74-0.97); delirium score, 0.74 (0.64-0.83); agitation score, 0.72 (0.33-1.00); spontaneous awakening trial, 0.67 (0.49-0.83); spontaneous breathing trial, 0.80 (0.70-0.89); mobility, 0.79 (0.69-0.87); and family (future/past) engagement, 0.82 (0.73-0.90).

Conclusion

Using a paper-based assessment tool, a single trained critical care nurse can reliably assess the discussion of elements of the ABCDEF bundle during multidisciplinary rounds.
Do the parents of the youth abusing substances need to be supported? A literature review study
Authors: Hlahla Lina S. , Ngoatle Charity , Mothiba Tebogo M.
Published: March 2023

Background: Substance abuse negatively affects the youth who use substances, their families and especially their parents. The use of substances impairs the health of the youth and is linked to an increase in noncommunicable diseases. Parents become stressed and they need help. Parents fail to carry out daily plans and routines because they are not sure what the substance abuser can do or what can happen to the substance abuser. When the parents’ well-being is taken care of, they will be able to take care of their youth when they need help. Unfortunately, little is known about the psychosocial needs of the parents, especially when their child abuses substances.Objectives: This article aims to review the literature to explore the need for support for parents of youth abusing substances.Method: The study adopted the narrative literature review (NLR) methodology. Literature was retrieved from the following databases and search engines: electronic databases, search engines and hand searches.Results: Substance abuse has been found to affect the youth abusing substances and their families negatively. The parents, being the most affected, need support. The involvement of health professionals can assist the parents in feeling supported.Conclusion: Parents need support programmes that will give support and strength to their existing abilities.Contribution: Focusing on the support needs of the parents of youth abusing substances will help to ensure parents are supported and mentally healthy.
Non-adherence to growth monitoring and promotion sessions amongst caregivers of children under 5 years in Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo province
Authors: Mphasha Mabitsela H. , Rapetsoa Matjie , Mathebula Nkhaviso , Makua Kamogelo , Mazibuko Sanele
Published: March 2023

Background: Child growth is crucial for nutritional and health status; poor growth may result in stunting. South Africa experiences a high prevalence of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and late identification of growth faltering. Non-adherence to growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) sessions remains a challenge and caregivers contribute to non-adherence. Therefore, this study explores factors affecting the non-adherence of GMP services.Methods: Qualitative approach and phenomenological exploratory study design were used. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 23 participants conveniently sampled. Sampling size was dependent on data saturation. Voice recorders were used to capture data. Tesch’s eight steps, inductive, descriptive and open coding techniques were used to analyse data. Measures of trustworthiness were ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.Results: Participants indicated non-adherence to GMP sessions because of a lack of knowledge of the importance of adherence and poor service by healthcare workers, which includes long waiting hours. Inconsistent availability of GMP services at healthcare facilities and growth of the firstborn children with non-adherence to GMP sessions are factors influencing participants’ adherence. A lack of transportation and lunch money also contributed to non-adherence to sessions.Conclusion: A lack of knowledge of the importance of adherence to GMP sessions, long waiting hours and inconsistent availability of GMP services at facilities contributed enormously to non-adherence. Therefore, the Department of Health must ensure consistent availability of GMP services to demonstrate the importance and enable adherence. Healthcare facilities should reduce waiting hours to minimise the need for lunch money, and service delivery audits should be conducted to identify other factors contributing to non-adherence to address these.Contribution: Primary health care providers should conduct service delivery audits and internal surveys to identify factors that contribute to non-adherence in order to introduce measures to address them.
Experiences of patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in the North West province, South Africa
Authors: Mboweni Sheillah H. , Risenga Patrone R.
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients with chronic diseases (PWCDs) were severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as they were prevented from making the necessary visits to health facilities for medical review and to collect their medication. The emergence of the health crisis and inadequate access to quality care affected chronic care management. The perspectives of PWCDs are not known, and therefore the research on which this paper is based sought to investigate the lived experiences of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was used to obtain the lived experiences of PWCDs identified for participation in the study by means of purposive sampling. Patients’ experiences were obtained during individual structured interviews, and a checklist was used to gather patient characteristics from their files.Results: Three themes emerged from the study findings, namely poor healthcare services, the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had devastating effects on PWCDs, in that they experienced barriers to accessing quality chronic care services and suffered psychological and financial difficulties that affected their health, life, needs and expectations.Conclusion: Policymakers should consider PWCDs when responding to a public health concern in the future.Contribution: The study findings may have an impact on future policies regulating the management of chronic diseases during epidemics, in order to improve patient health outcomes and satisfaction with healthcare services and the chronic care model based on the experiences of PWCDs.
An analysis of South Africa’s guidance on the income tax consequences of crypto assets
Authors: Vumazonke Namhla , Parsons Shaun
Published: March 2023

Background: A media statement issued by the South African Revenue Service (SARS) in 2018 represents the primary guidance available to South African taxpayers on the income tax consequences of crypto asset transactions.Aim: This study assessed the adequacy of the guidelines available to South African taxpayers on the consequences of crypto asset transactions, and identified the income tax consequences for transactions not addressed in these guidelines.Setting: This study compared the scope and depth of the SARS guidelines to guidance issued in other jurisdictions. This distinguishes it from other studies focusing on the theoretical income tax consequences of crypto asset transactions.Method: The first phase of the study was an in-depth documental analysis to benchmark the SARS guidelines against the guidance of tax authorities in other jurisdictions. In the second phase of the study, a doctrinal legal research methodology was adopted to identify the income tax consequences of transactions not addressed by SARS, applying existing legislation and case law, and taking into account the guidance of the other selected tax authorities.Results: The study found that the SARS guidelines did not comprehensively address all the crypto asset transactions addressed by the other selected tax authorities.Conclusion: The study recommended that SARS provide comprehensive guidance to South African taxpayers on the income tax consequences of crypto asset transactions, the development of which would be supported by consequences identified in this study.Contribution: This study contributes to the understanding of, and development of taxpayer guidance to address the income tax consequences of crypto asset transactions in South Africa.
Digital Standards Systems—An Integrated Approach to Engineering Standards Usage
Authors: Ziegenfuss Audra
Published: March 2023

Industry standards are key enablers in helping businesses around the meet regulatory requirements, keep costs down, gain market access, and instill consumer confidence. SAE International, a standards development organization (SDO) critical to the transportation industry, works in partnership with industry to develop and distribute standards important in automotive and aerospace product development, product performance, and quality management. Historically, industry standards were formatted with the intention of being distributed in print. This changed with the evolution of new electronic formats, and now most standards are available in PDF or EPUB. While progressive at the time, these formats are now proving inadequate due their optimization for readability by the human eye versus consumption by electronic endpoints. As new technologies develop to better integrate standards into engineering workflows, the necessary changes will not likely follow a linear trajectory, but rather incorporate an interconnected systems-level approach (Figure 1). This paper will review the key considerations in the development of a digital standards system.
A review of the presentations and treatment of oral pigmentation.
Authors: Okoh Mercy , Okoh Dickson S
Published: March 2023

BackgroundOral pigmentation can be either normal or abnormal discolouration of the oral mucosa.

Objective: To help clinicians establish a better approach towards the care of patients with pigmented oral lesions and to establish early diagnosis and treatment of such conditions.

Data source: Works of literature concerning oral pigmentations, clinical features and treatment were reviewed thoroughly from renowned electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library and personal clinical experience in managing such conditions. The following words were used for the search: oral pigmentation, aetiology, and clinical presentations.

Findings: Oral pigmentation presents in various clinical patterns that can range from just physiologic changes to oral manifestations of systemic diseases and malignancies. Oral pigmentation may be physiological or pathological. Knowledge of the different presentations of oral pigmented lesions is quite crucial to improve and mastering the skill of differential diagnosis, definitive diagnosis and prompt treatment. The deposition of pigments in oral tissues may be due to various etiological factors. It can arise from intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can be physiological or pathological.

Conclusion: A good understanding of the various presentations of oral pigmented lesions would aid in the proper diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
Alison, Archibald (1757–1839)
Authors: Townsend Dabney
Published: March 2023

Article Summary

Archibald Alison was born in Edinburgh but was educated at Baliol College Oxford and ordained in the Church of England. He returned to Edinburgh as an Anglican clergyman where he served until his death. In addition to his ecclesiastical writings, he published a collection of essays, Essays on the Nature and Principles of Taste (1790), the same year as Immanuel Kant’s Third Critique (see Kant, Immanuel (1784–1804)), but it became popular only after a second edition appeared in 1811. He abandoned the sense theories of earlier eighteenth-century aesthetic theory that been developed by Francis Hutcheson (1725), David Hume (1739, 1757), Alexander Gerard (1759, 1774) and others. Instead, he advanced an aesthetic theory based on imagination and expressive properties produced by association.
Ravaisson-Mollien, Jean-Gaspard Félix Lacher (1813–1900)
Authors: Sinclair Mark
Published: March 2023

Félix Ravaisson (1813–1900) was the most influential French philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century. He was pivotal in the development of the French spiritualist tradition initiated at the beginning of the century by Pierre Maine de Biran’s (1766–1824) voluntarist philosophical psychology, according to which the ground of all consciousness is will, and that rose to the evolutionary philosophy that made Henri Bergson (1859–1941) a global intellectual celebrity in the years prior to the First World War. In opposition to the materialism and scientific positivism that was gaining ground in the middle of the century, Ravaisson’s spiritualist philosophy took the form of a panpsychism according to which biological life and material extension are forms of mind; what exists beyond the self-conscious mind is, by degrees, merely a relaxation or diffusion of mind. Prior to the will, as its condition, Ravaisson discovers embodied desire, inclination and, finally, love. He published only three major works, but they were all highly regarded: a two-volume study of Aristotle’s Metaphysics (1837 and 1846); his 1838 doctoral dissertation entitled De l’habitude (Of Habit) ([1838] 2008), whose unassuming title belies a grand philosophy of nature and general metaphysics elaborated on the basis of a reflection of our experience of habit; a report on the history of French philosophy commissioned for the 1867 Paris Exposition Universelle, whose final sections present a manifesto for a new French spiritualist movement ([1867] 1889). In addition to these works, and some shorter philosophical texts, Ravaisson wrote essays on art and drawing, classical archaeology, and the history of religions. These were not erudite excursions from his philosophical concerns, but rather direct expressions of the latter. His work offers original perspectives in metaphysics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of religion in particular, and translations have brought it to the attention of philosophers writing in English.
Degeneration
Authors: Moore Gregory H.
Published: March 2023

Degeneration (French: dégénérescence; German: Entartung) was an influential theory of biological and cultural decline that, once associated with Darwinism, attained wide currency in the later nineteenth century. Originating in natural history and racial science, it subsequently found employment in psychiatry, criminology, anthropology and the humanities, serving to define an otherwise inchoate sense of crisis: a conviction that the moral and material advancement of industrial society was threatened and that the Hegelian, Comtean and Spencerian narratives of progress seemed increasingly implausible. Degeneration furnished a medicalized vocabulary of deviance and difference that was used to diagnose poverty, insanity, delinquency, sexual perversion and the decadent artists of the avant-garde as hereditary pathologies, the response to which was either fatalistic despair or eugenic intervention in the evolutionary process. Degeneration thus provided Friedrich Nietzsche with an appropriate rhetorical device for his pervasive critique of modernity.
Whistleblowing, ethics of
Authors: Boot Eric R.
Published: March 2023

A whistleblower is someone who, in the course of her work, comes across wrongdoing in her organization and reports it with the aim of bringing a particular harmful policy to an end. Such a report can be submitted internally within one’s organization, externally to the proper supervisory authorities, or externally to the public, via the media. Of these three, the last raises the most ethical questions. Cases of such public whistleblowing often give rise to heedless and one-sided appraisals: the whistleblower is either reviled as a traitor or extolled as a hero. The ethics of whistleblowing intends to make moral sense of whistleblowers’ actions. Often, whistleblowing is seen as something that requires justification, indicating that it is morally wrongful. But for what reasons might one view whistleblowing to be an, at least pro tanto, morally wrongful act? And, given this wrongfulness, under what conditions might it nonetheless be justified or morally permissible? At first glance, one might hesitate to view an act of whistleblowing as obligatory; experience shows that whistleblowers are often treated quite harshly; they are demoted, bullied, fired, and even imprisoned. In view of these personal risks, ought we not to view whistleblowing instead as an act of supererogation, beyond the call of duty?
Counter-terrorism, ethics of
Authors: Taylor Isaac
Published: March 2023

Counterterrorist efforts by states are sometimes thought to be subject to different moral principles than superficially similar practices. For example, while the search for peaceful solutions is normally taken to be a moral imperative for those involved in armed conflicts, politicians sometimes make statements like ‘we do not negotiate with terrorists’, thereby denying the applicability of the imperative in conflicts involving terrorist groups. In order to see whether this sort of view is justified, we need to be clear about what we mean when we talk about terrorism. Both normative elements (which explain how terrorism is morally distinct from other sorts of harmful actions) and descriptive elements (which explain how terrorist groups differ sociologically from other groups) may be significant in thinking about what moral limits should be maintained when combating terrorism.

Three state institutions that are often involved in counterterrorist activities are the military, the police, and the criminal justice system. The actions of all three raise significant ethical questions that have been the subject of debate. When militaries use deadly force against terrorists, we need to determine whether their actions are best understood as acts of war (and therefore subject to principles of just war theory or something similar) or policing operations (subject to different requirements). When the police pursue terrorists, the question of whether set-backs to liberty are justified by increases in security looms large. Finally, in the criminal justice system, issues concerning what rights should be granted to terrorist suspects in custody, and how terrorism should be punished, need to be considered in light of many governments’ policies in this area.
Well-being
Authors: Lin Eden
Published: March 2023

An individual’s well-being – or, equivalently, their welfare or quality of life – is the extent to which their life is going well for them. The philosophical question about well-being that has received the most attention is what constitutes or grounds it. When a person has a certain level of well-being, or when one individual is higher or lower in well-being than another, in virtue of what is this true? What is the correct standard for ranking lives in accordance with how well they are going? Theories of well-being, which attempt to answer these questions, come in four main varieties. Experientialist theories, of which hedonism is the most prominent example, claim that an individual’s well-being is entirely determined by how their experiences feel (e.g., how pleasant they are). Subjective theories, of which the desire-satisfaction theory is the main paradigm, claim that an individual’s well-being is entirely fixed by the degree to which their favourable attitudes (e.g., desires) are satisfied. Objective theories, of which perfectionism and the objective list theory are the primary examples, contend that at least some goods can contribute to an individual’s well-being regardless of whether the individual has a favourable attitude toward them. Hybrid theories combine elements of different theories.
Artistic expression
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: March 2023

Article Summary

Many kinds of psychological state can be expressed in or by works of art. But it is the artistic expression of emotion that has figured most prominently in philosophical discussions of art. Emotion is expressed in pictorial, literary, and other representational works of art by the characters who are depicted or in other ways presented in the works. We often identify the emotions of such characters in much the same way as we ordinarily identify the emotions of others, but we might also have special knowledge of a character’s emotional state, through direct access to their thoughts, for instance.

A central case of the expression of emotion by works of art is the expression of emotion by a purely musical work. What is the source of the emotion expressed by a piece of music? While art engages its audience, often calling forth an emotional response, its expressiveness does not consist in this power. It is not because an art work tends to make us feel sad, for instance, that we call it sad; rather, we react as we do because sadness is present in it. And while artists usually contrive the expressiveness of their art works, sometimes expressing their own emotions in doing so, their success in the former activity does not depend on their doing the latter. Moreover, the expressiveness achieved has an immediacy and transparency, like that of genuine tears, apparently at odds with this sophisticated, controlled form of self-expression. It is because art presents emotion with simple directness that it can be a vehicle for self-expression, not vice versa. But if emotions are the experiences of sentient beings, to whom do those expressed in art belong if not to the artist or audience? Perhaps they are those of a fictional persona. We may imagine personae who undergo the emotions expressed in art, but it is not plain that we must do so to become aware of that expressiveness, for it is arguable that art works present appearances of emotions, as do masks, willow trees, and the like, rather than outward signs of occurrent feelings. Expressiveness is valuable because it helps us to understand emotions in general while contributing to the formation of an aesthetically satisfying whole.
The aesthetics of sport
Authors: Livingston Paisley
Published: March 2023

The aesthetics of sport is a branch of the philosophy of sport that finds its subject matter in the specifically aesthetic dimensions of sport. As the field of aesthetics is often taken to include the philosophy of art, relations between sport and art, and the question of whether some or all sports are arts, also fall squarely within the domain of the aesthetics of sport.
Disgust
Authors: Korsmeyer Carolyn
Published: March 2023

Article Summary

Disgust is an aversive emotion with a marked visceral character that prompts one to recoil from objects that are foul, decaying, infectious, or corrupted. In its strongest forms, disgust can lead to nausea and vomiting. It also has milder versions, such as queasiness and distaste. Although the specific target objects of disgust vary from culture to culture, the general categories that arouse this form of aversion are common. They include bodily products such as faeces and pus, rot, decay, and putrefaction, blood and mutilation; signs of recent death when an organic object has begun to decompose.

The sensory foundation of this emotion is strong. Decomposition of organic materials such as spoiled foods and rotting corpses releases foul-smelling gases, and so disgust is immediately triggered by noxious smells and tastes. Sight and touch can also prompt the emotion, as with a squirming nest of maggots or slime that sticks to fingers. Hearing has a somewhat more limited scope for disgust.

Because of its strong sensory sensitivity, many theorists surmise that so-called core or material disgust may have evolved as a protective mechanism to ward against eating rotten foods or poisons, or coming in contact with infections. Disgust has migrated to the moral realm too as an emphatic expression of disapprobation, especially when directed to an action that involves physical violation. Whether moral disgust is a true case of the emotion or rather a strong metaphor for negative moral judgement remains a point of dispute.

Although fundamentally a response of repulsion, in some circumstances, disgust also exerts an odd attraction. It can prompt curiosity and challenge, as with the urge to discover what happens to a body upon death, or the dare to eat something initially revolting. Perhaps the most common deliberate arousal of disgust occurs in art forms, especially horror movies. The attraction of things that disgust in art is a paradox that philosophers have long investigated.
Evolutionary aesthetics
Authors: Killin Anton
Published: March 2023

Evolutionary aesthetics is the multidisciplinary investigation of the origins and evolution of our artistic and aesthetic behaviours and the capacities underwriting those behaviours. Key research questions include when, in the evolutionary past of our species, aesthetic sensitivities and artistic behaviours originated, and how, as well as whether those behaviours are evolutionary adaptations, by-products of evolutionary processes, or nonbiological cultural products. More recently, researchers have explored the explanatory potential of niche construction and gene-culture coevolutionary theory with respect to aesthetics and the arts.
Consent
Authors: Dougherty Tom
Published: March 2023

Permissive consent releases people from duties. As well as playing a role in a theory of right action, this type of consent is at the centre of sexual ethics and medical ethics. Philosophical debates about permissive consent focus on questions such as the following: Under which conditions does someone’s consent create a permission for another person? For example, in what respects must the consent-giver be informed, free, and competent? What is required for giving consent? For example, is it enough to form a mental attitude or is some form of external behavior required? When someone gives consent, what determines the set of actions that they permit?
Span of a Graph: Keeping the Safety Distance
Authors: Banič Iztok , Taranenko Andrej
Published: March 2023

Inspired by Lelek's idea from [Disjoint mappings and the span of spaces,
Fund. Math. 55 (1964), 199 -- 214], we introduce the novel notion of the span
of graphs. Using this, we solve the problem of determining the \emph{maximal
safety distance} two players can keep at all times while traversing a graph.
Moreover, their moves must be made with respect to certain move rules. For this
purpose, we introduce different variants of a span of a given connected graph.
All the variants model the maximum safety distance kept by two players in a
graph traversal, where the players may only move with accordance to a specific
set of rules, and their goal: visit either all vertices, or all edges. For each
variant, we show that the solution can be obtained by considering only
connected subgraphs of a graph product and the projections to the factors. We
characterise graphs in which it is impossible to keep a positive safety
distance at all moments in time. Finally, we present a polynomial time
algorithm that determines the chosen span variant of a given graph.
Mobile Prototype for the Early Stimulation of Autistic Children with Augmented Reality
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Perú, Amado Misael Lazo , Arenas Laberiano Andrade
Published: March 2023

The Autism Spectrum Disorder is diagnosed from birth is why they must have early stimulation that helps them to control some characteristics, improving their attention, auditory stimulation, and their social stimulation. That is why we have the objective of designing a mobile prototype for early stimulation in children with autism. In the methodology we use Design Thinking which has five phases (Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Testing) which is responsible for analyzing and solving user needs by proposing innovative ideas, for the mobile prototype we use the Figma tool, with Tinkercad we make 3D models and for an augmented reality we use MetaClass Studio these three tools are complemented to meet our goal. Our results show the solution for each phase of our methodology with 80 people involved in the analysis and finding the main problems, which we are responsible for solving by proposing the mobile application with augmented reality being validated by experts, with a level of acceptance of 94% guaranteeing their approval of the project, The analysis of usability by those involved was very effective with a 96% by specialists in early stimulation, parents and children with autism, guaranteeing a satisfactory, efficient and easy to learn the application. Finally, the project was continuously improved with an analysis of the traditional early stimulation with the mobile application with augmented reality, complementing an optimisation in its use. Keywords—Autism; design thinking; figma; metaclass studio; tinkercad
Cantera-Based Python Computer Program for Solving Steam Power Cycles with Superheating
Authors:   College of Engineering, University of Buraimi, Al Buraimi, Postal Code 512, Sultanate of Oman, Marzouk Osama A.
Published: March 2023

One of the main sources of electricity generation is power plants that use water (steam) to rotate turbines, which drive large electric generators. The steam can be generated from renewable or non-renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy and nuclear fuels. Having an analysis tool for modeling the performance of such steam power plants can greatly help in reaching optimum designs, leading to less fuel consumption, reduced pollution, and cheaper electricity. It is further advantageous if such modeling tool is free to access, does not require many inputs from the user, and gives results in a very short time. These remarks establish a motivation for the current study. This article documents a computer code written in the Python programming language for numerically analysing the main processes in a steam power cycle with superheating. The code utilizes built-in thermodynamic properties for water in the open-source software package “Cantera”. A validation case with a benchmarking example in the literature using an independent source of water properties suggests that the developed code is correct. The code can be viewed as an extension to the Python examples for thermodynamic and power generation applications. Cantera can handle both subcritical and supercritical types of superheating. In the subcritical superheating, the steam absolute pressure does not exceed 220.9 bar. In the supercritical superheating, water becomes in a special condition called supercritical fluid, with absolute pressures above 220.9 bar. Keywords—Cantera, Python, Code, Program, Superheating
A Hybrid Bio-Inspired Optimization Scheme for RSU Distribution in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Technical engineering, College of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, 66002, Al-Muthanna, Iraq, Hassan Mustafa Hamid , Al-obaidi Ameer Mohammed , Alani Sameer , Abbas Fatima Hashim , Alkhayyat Ahmed H. , Mahmood Sarmad Nozad , Al-Maawi Hayder Muayad , Ali Rabei Raad
Published: March 2023

—Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANETs) is a trending modelthat plays maximum role inall the application of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). In general, VANETs are based on two communication types such as among vehicles and vehicles to infrastructure Roadside Units(RSU) based communication. In this paper, HACOGO approach is developedbased on ahybrid bio inspired optimization with the combination of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA). The HACOGO is used to perform stable RSU distribution in VANETs. The ACO algorithm is used to help the vehicle to select the optimal path toward the destination and GOA algorithm highly magnificent vehicle is chosen as RSU. The Performance analysis of HACOGO is done by calculating the common parameters such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, packet loss and routing overhead. To analysis the effectiveness of the proposed model its results are compared with the earlier works. From the outcome it is proven using the HACOGO approach the end-to-end delay, packet loss and routing overhead is reduced as well as the packet delivery ratio of the network is increased than others. Keywords—Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network,Roadside Units, Ant Colony Optimization.
Association of Elevated Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein to Low Density Lipoprotein Ratio (Ox LDL/LDL) with Sub Clinical Atherosclerosis in Patients Receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors:   Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Rehman Sadia , Kumar Santosh ,   Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Nisar Kashif ,   Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Sami Zara ,   Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Mehboob Fatima ,   Pak Red Crescent Medical College, Lahore, Rehman Suniya ,   Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Pakistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess the oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to low density lipoprotein (LDL) ratio as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients Methodology: This case control study was carried out at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Karachi, from January to December 2018. The haemodialysis patients were selected from the dialysis center (group B) whereas the controls were recruited from normal healthy population (group A). To access the status of atherosclerosis, doppler ultrasonography technique was employed to detect the intima media thickness (IMT) ratio of common carotid artery of study subjects as well as controls. Lipid peroxidation was detected by serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels. Results: The mean of carotid artery intima thickness in group A was 0.43±0.02, the mean intima thickness of group B samples was 1.0±0.09. The mean ratio of Ox-LDL/LDL in group A was 0.003±0.001. While in group B the mean of Ox-LDL: LDL was 0.012±0.002. Ox-LDL was found to have a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio (r=0.8) in haemodialysis group. Conclusion: Ox-LDL to LDL ratio is much enhanced in patients on maintenance haemodialysis showing increased lipid peroxidation. Ox-LDL has a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio which is a marker of sub clinical atherosclerosis. Early detection of elevated Ox-LDL will help nephrologists in early detection and treatment of sub clinical atherosclerosis.
Morphological Typology and Petrography of Plio-Quaternary Continental Carbonates of Aït Chaïb, Skoura Basin, Middle Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Salah Mohamed , El Asmi Hicham , Gourari Lahcen
Published: March 2023

The Plio-Quaternary Ait Chaib basin occupies the northwestern part of the Skoura Syncline, which is part of the northern Middle Atlas Folded Zone. This intracontinental basin was formed probably in the Pliocene after the Tortono-Messinian regression sea. The Plio-Quaternary deposits are bound by fluvial conglomerates and continental carbonates. They consist of barrage travertines; travertine limestones and oncholitic travertine silts and sands of the upstream and downstream deposits. These travertines laterally pass to lacustrine limestones at the bottom of the basin. The genesis of these continental carbonates, correlative to phases of karstification, has affected the Meso-Cenozoic carbonate deposits of the folded Middle Atlas, and is linked to favorable paleo-environmental conditions of geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, hydrological and bioclimatic order. The petrographic study of these lacustrine limestones shows laminar structure allowing to assimilate into continental stromatolites. They were formed by cyanobacterial mats in a shallow lacustrine environment in which water were was non-turbid and supersaturated in limestone solution, coming from karstic springs staking out the Middle Atlasic North Accident. The important diagenesis evolution is linked to the surface water table contain, which has as a floor gypsiferous lagoonal marl of the Upper Miocene age.