bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Reason for Pulmonary Hypertension: Primary Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Kaderli Aysel Aydin , Baran Ibrahim , Sag Saim , Bi�er Murat , Aker Sibel
Published: February 2010

Primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery (PSPA) is an extremely rare tumor of the cardiovascular system. The prognosis is very poor. The clinical symptoms and imaging findings imitate those of pulmonary emboli, causing delays in diagnosis. In this case report, we describe a 73-year-old man with PSPA who initially was admitted with exertional shortness of breath. Transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation revealed 2 masses in the pulmonary artery causing pulmonary hypertension. The patient underwent operation, but he could not be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass at the end of the operation and died. Pathologic examination of the masses revealed pulmonary sarcoma. Although this patient was admitted to our clinic only 2 weeks after the initial symptoms, he already had distal metastases.
Direct Myocardial Implantation of Human Fetal Stem Cells in Heart Failure Patients: Long-term Results
Authors: Benetti Federico , Pe�herrera Ernesto , Maldonado Teodoro , Vera Yan Duarte , Subramanian Valvanur , Geffner Luis
Published: February 2010

Background: End-stage heart failure (HF) is refractory to current standard medical therapy, and the number of donor hearts is insufficient to meet the demand for transplantation. Recent studies suggest autologous stem cell therapy may regenerate cardiomyocytes, stimulate neovascularization, and improve cardiac function and clinical status. Although human fetal-derived stem cells (HFDSCs) have been studied for the treatment of a variety of conditions, no clinical studies have been reported to date on their use in treating HF. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of HFDSC treatment in HF patients.Methods and Results: Direct myocardial transplantation of HFDSCs by open-chest surgical procedure was performed in 10 patients with HF due to nonischemic, nonchagasic dilated cardiomyopathy. Before and after the procedure, and with no changes in their preoperative doses of medications (digoxin, furosemide, spironolactone, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, betablockers), patients were assessed for New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, performance in the exercise tolerance test (ETT), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) via transthoracic echocardiography, performance in the 6-minute walk test, and performance in the Minnesota congestive HF test. All 10 patients survived the operation. One patient had a stroke 3 days after the procedure, and although she later recovered, she was unable to perform the follow-up tests. Another male patient experienced pericardial effusion 3 weeks after the procedure. Although it resolved spontaneously, the patient abandoned his control tests and died 5 months after the procedure. An autopsy of the myocardium suggested that new young cells were present in the cardiomyocyte mix. At 40 months, the mean (SD) NYHA class decreased from 3.4 0.5 to 1.33 0.5 (P = .001); the mean EF increased 31%, from 26.6% 4% to 34.8% 7.2% (P = .005); and the mean ETT increased 291.3%, from 4.25 minutes to 16.63 minutes (128.9% increase in metabolic equivalents, from 2.46 to 5.63) (P < .0001); the mean LVEDD decreased 15%, from 6.85 0.6 cm to 5.80 0.58 cm (P < .001); mean performance in the 6-minute walk test increased by 43.2%, from 251 113.1 seconds to 360 0 seconds (P = .01); the mean distance increased 64.4%, from 284.4 144.9 m to 468.2 89.8 m (P = .004); and the mean result in the Minnesota test decreased from 71 27.3 to 6 5.9 (P < .001).Conclusion: Although these initial findings suggest direct myocardial implantation of HFDSCs is feasible and improves cardiac function in HF patients at 40 months, more clinical research is required to confirm these observations.
Quality of Life after 114 Months of Follow-up following Geometric Reconstruction of the Left Ventricle by Endoventriculoplasty with Septal Exclusion
Authors: Almeida Rui M. S.
Published: February 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to present the surgical experience of the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of West of Paran (ICCOP) with respect to the treatment of left ventricle aneurysms by endoventriculoplasty with septal exclusion (EVSE) and to evaluate the quality of life of these patients after a 114-month follow-up.Methods: Between April 1999 and April 2006, 28 patients underwent EVSE. Preoperative, transoperative, and late postoperative clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed retrospectively. In addition, latepostoperative quality of life was evaluated with questionnaire SF-36 (Brazilian version). The mean age (SD) of the group was 59.0 9.5 years, and 23 of the patients were male. Seventeen patients were in New York Heart Association functional class IV, and the mean preoperative EuroSCORE was 8.2 2.3. The mean preoperative values for the ejection fraction (EF) and the end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular volumes were 32.3% 9.2%, 113.9 36.0 mL, and 179.2 48.4 mL, respectively.Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.3%, with the major causes of morbidity being low cardiac output syndrome and arrhythmias. The mean follow-up period was 5.9 3.4 years. The left ventricular EF and the aortic cross-clamping time were the significant factors for hospital and late mortality (P = .0222, and P = .0123, respectively). The actuarial survival curve showed survival rates of 82.1 7.2%, and 54.7 22.9%, before and after 107 months of follow-up. The overall score for the quality of life showed an improvement.Conclusion: EVSE surgery is an effective option for treating this group of patients, with improvement noted in left ventricular function and in the patients' quality of life, despite the high in-hospital mortality.
Coronary Morphology and Conduction System Disturbance Induced by Therapeutic Embolization of the Coronary Septal Artery
Authors: Gomes Otoni M. , Coelho Ant�nio Alves , Osterne Evandro C�sar Vidal , Abrantes Rafael Diniz
Published: February 2010

Background: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial alcohol ablation (PTSMAA) is not a procedure without complications. It may produce heart arrhythmias, especially those due to disturbances of atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (IV) electrical conduction.Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the anatomical patterns of the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and to relate them to the AV and IV bundle branch blocks provoked by PTSMAA.Method: Twenty patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resistant to treatment with drugs successfully underwent PTSMAA. Electrocardiographic analyses were done before and after PTSMAA, and the results were compared with the abnormal septal anatomy.Results: The effectiveness of PTSMAA was obtained in 18 (90%) of the 20 patients by ethanolization of the first great septal branch. In the other 2 patients (10%), 2 septal branches underwent alcoholization. First-grade temporary AV block (AVB) was observed in 6 patients (30%). Ten patients experienced severe bradycardia due to total AVB that required a temporary pacemaker, but 3 of the patients (15%) required a permanent pacemaker. Fourteen patients (70%) experienced permanent complete right branch block, and 2 developed incomplete left anterior block and incomplete left posterior block. Six patients presented with no electrical conduction disturbance at all.Conclusion: According to the results of the present investigation with the AV node artery derived from the right coronary artery in all cases, complete and permanent AV conduction system blockade occurred after PTSMAA in all types of anatomy regarding the observed LAD.
Plasma membrane changes during the liquid storage of boar spermatozoa: A comparison of methods
Authors: Gączarzewicz Dariusz , Piasecka Małgorzata , Udała Jan , Błaszczyk Barbara , Stankiewicz Tomasz , Laszczyńska Maria
Published: February 2010

Studies were performed on boar semen routinely used at the local artificial insemination (AI) centre. The semen was stored in a Safe Cell Plus commercial extender at 17 °C for nine days. The aim of our research was focused on changes in sperm plasma membrane integrity. The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane and acrosome as well as sperm motility decreased after dilution and during storage of the semen. The highest percentage of live sperm was identified by the eosin-nigrosin method, a lower percentage by the SYBR-14/PI test, and the lowest percentage of live cells was discovered by the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test (P < 0.01). There were significant differences between the results of staining methods and sperm motility (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the HOS test results and sperm motility. The plasma membrane integrity parameters positively correlated (P < 0.001) with each other and with sperm motility but negatively with aspartate aminotransferase activity. Our findings confirmed that the boar sperm aging changes, which increased during liquid semen preservation, were connected with the loss of function and integrity of the sperm plasma membrane. The employed complementary tests are comprehensive indicators of sperm membrane integrity during long-term semen preservation, and they can help establish the actual number of ‘healthy’ cells. The assays may be used in AI laboratories and should be incorporated into the routine of semen analysis.
Application of a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay to determine amoxicillin residues in fish tissue
Authors: Park Eun-Kee , Jung Won , Lee Hu-Jang
Published: February 2010

The present study demonstrates an application of Parallux™ (a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay) for amoxicillin analysis in fish tissue. Amoxicillin at the recommended therapeutic dose (400 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to three groups of 25 olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), 25 rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and 25 red sea bream (Pagrus major) for 7 consecutive days. Amoxicillin was detected in the muscle of fish treated by the 3rd day of the withdrawal period. The recovery rates of all spiked muscle samples were > 86% of the spiked values. The present study showed that solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay can be easily adopted in predicting amoxicillin residues in the muscle tissue of farmed fish.
Adjuvant systemic therapy of early stage breast cancer
Authors: Boér Katalin
Published: February 2010

Az adjuváns gyógyszeres terápia sikeres alkalmazásával elsősorban a távoli metasztázisok kialakulásának esélye csökkenthető, a diagnózis idején fennálló mikrometasztázisok megszüntetése révén.
Célkitűzés:
A korai emlőrák posztoperatív szisztémás gyógyszeres kezelési lehetőségeinek áttekintése.
Módszer:
A szerző az irodalmi adatok és saját tapasztalata alapján összefoglalja a korai emlőrák műtéti megoldását követő szisztémás terápia legfontosabb szempontjait.
Eredmények:
Az adjuváns kezelés során citotoxikus kezelés, hormonterápia és HER2 receptort célzó biológiai terápia, illetve ezek kombinációja kerül alkalmazásra. Az endokrin kezelésben fontos szerepe van a tamoxifenterápiának, amelyet mind a premenopauzális, mind a posztmenopauzális emlőrák kezelésében alkalmaznak. Premenopauzában az elfogadott standard hormonterápiát az LH-RH analóggal végzett petefészek-szuppresszió és/vagy tamoxifenkezelés képezi. Posztmenopauzában az adjuváns endokrin kezelésben ma már a harmadik generációs aromatázgátlók is szerepet kapnak, bár még nem tisztázott, hogy az iniciális, a szekvenciális vagy a meghosszabbított terápia jelenti-e az optimális stratégiát. Az adjuváns polikemoterápia elsősorban a nyirokcsomóáttétes esetekben kerül alkalmazásra, emellett a magas rizikójú nyirokcsomó-negatív betegek posztoperatív kezelésében is egyre gyakrabban alkalmazzák. Az alkilálók és antraciklinek mellett a taxánok (docetaxel és paclitaxel) bevezetése komoly előrehaladást hozott az adjuváns kemoterápiában. Ma már biológiai célzott terápia, a trastuzumabterápia is fontos részét képezi a műtét utáni kezelésnek, amelynek időtartama a jelenlegi szakmai ajánlások alapján egy év.
Következtetések:
Az elmúlt években bevezetett taxántartalmú kemoterápiák, a posztmenopauzális emlőrákban alkalmazott harmadik generációs aromatázgátlók és az adjuváns trastuzumab alkalmazása mind lényegesen hozzájárulnak a korai emlőrákban szenvedő betegek gyógyulási esélyeihez.
Adult Sex Ratio in the Parnassius Mnemosyne Butterfly: Effects of Survival, Migration, And weather
Authors: Vlasanek Petr , Hauck David , Konvicka Martin
Published: February 2010

Sex ratio biases in animal populations influence the genetically effective population size, and thus are of interest in conservation. A butterfly group in which many authors report biases towards males is the genusParnassiusLatreille, 1804 (Papilionidae). Using a vulnerable woodland species,P. mnemosyne, we carried out a detailed marking campaign designed to eliminate biases towards individual sexes on marking. We then estimated the numbers of males and females using constrained linear models (CLMs) (Cormack-Jolly-Seber and Jolly-Seber in MARK); compared details of mobility between males and females using the Virtual Migration (VM) model; and built CLMs containing weather variables in order to directly assess weather effects on survival. The estimated population size was 4000 adults, with a male: female sex ratio of 1.5-1.6. Both daily and average catchability were higher for males, while the residence values (i.e., survival) were higher for females. Migration parameters were similar for the sexes, with slightly lower male survival within patches and slightly higher male emigration. CLMs with weather substituted for or added to marking days performed worse than models with mere marking days, and although weather affected the sexes differently, males still retained lower survival. The surplus of adult males in the studied population ofP. mnemosynewas real, not caused by increased male survival or a difference in mobility. Therefore, the bias toward males must appear prior to adult emergence, probably during the larval period.
Timing of Oxadiazon and Quinclorac Application on Newly Sprigged Turfgrass Species
Authors: Brecke Barry J. , Stephenson Daniel O. , Unruh J. Bryan
Published: February 2010

Tolerance of sprigged ‘Tifsport’ and ‘Tifdwarf’ bermudagrass, ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass, and ‘Salam’ seashore paspalum to oxadiazon (2,240 g/ha) or quinclorac (840 g/ha) applied 1 wk before sprigging (WBS), at sprigging (AS), 2 wk after sprigging (WAS), and 4 WAS was investigated in the field. Weed control was also evaluated. For both herbicides only the AS application timing injured the turfgrass greater than 22%, and injury for the other application timings ranged from 9 to 19% 5 WAS. When evaluated 8 WAS turfgrass injury following the AS application timing remained at 19%, and injury for all other timings was 8% or less. Eight WAS the 1 WBS, AS, 2 WAS, and 4 WAS application timings achieved 89, 79, 94, and 99% plot coverage, respectively, when averaged over all turfgrass species/cultivars and herbicides. By 13 WAS, all species/cultivars achieved at least 90% plot coverage. Presprigging applications of oxadiazon provided 98 to 100% goosegrass and old world diamond-flower control. Quinclorac applied AS provided greater than 70% control of these weeds. Results indicate that oxadiazon and quinclorac applied AS will cause unacceptable turfgrass injury. If goosegrass and/or old world diamond-flower are problematic, oxadiazon is a feasible choice for control of these weeds, but quinclorac is not.
Annual Grass Control in Strip-Tillage Peanut Production with Delayed Applications of Pendimethalin
Authors: Johnson W. Carroll , Prostko Eric P. , Mullinix Benjamin G.
Published: February 2010

In strip-tillage peanut production, situations occur when dinitroaniline herbicides are not applied in a timely manner. In these cases, dinitroaniline herbicides would be applied days or weeks after seeding. However, there is no information that documents the effects of delayed applications on weed control. Trials were conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in Georgia to determine the weed control efficacy of delayed applications of pendimethalin in strip-tillage peanut production. Treatments included seven timings of pendimethalin application and three pendimethalin-containing herbicide combinations. Timings of application were immediately after seeding (PRE), vegetative emergence of peanut (VE), 1 wk after VE (VE+1wk), VE+2wk, VE+3wk, VE+4wk, and a nontreated control. Pendimethalin containing herbicide programs included pendimethalin plus paraquat, pendimethalin plus imazapic, and pendimethalin alone. Among the possible treatment combinations was a current producer standard timing for nonpendimethalin weed control programs in peanut, which was either imazapic or paraquat alone applied VE+3wk. Pendimethalin alone did not effectively control Texas millet regardless of time of application (69 to 77%), whereas southern crabgrass was controlled by pendimethalin alone PRE (87%). Delayed applications of pendimethalin controlled Texas millet and southern crabgrass when combined with either paraquat or imazapic, with imazapic being the preferred combination due to better efficacy on southern crabgrass than paraquat at most delayed applications. Peanut yield was improved when any of the herbicide combinations were applied PRE compared to later applications. Across all times of application, pendimethalin plus imazapic effectively maximized peanut yield with interference from annual grasses.
Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seedling Emergence and Growth in Soils Amended with Composted Dairy Cattle Manure and Fresh Dairy Cattle Manure under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Amisi Karen J. , Doohan Doug
Published: February 2010

Organic soil amendments are known to affect the composition and density of annual weed communities. The objective of this research was to measure the effect on emergence and growth of redroot pigweed seedlings when soil was amended with composted dairy manure at 18, 36, and 54 T/ha, or with raw dairy manure at 41, 82, and 123 T/ha. Data recorded (1) seedling emergence over 12 days, (2) number of leaves and total leaf area, (3) shoot and root dry weight, and (4) seed number. Maximum seedling emergence (32%) occurred in nonamended soil (the control). Emergence declined in a linear fashion when soil was amended with manure or with compost. Compost additions affected seedling emergence more severely than did manure additions. For every measure of redroot pigweed growth except seed production, amendment with manure at 123 T/ha retarded growth compared to soil alone or compost-amended mixes. Manure applied at 82 T/ha reduced leaf area and plant height relative to other treatments. Growth of redroot pigweed in soil amended with compost at 36 and 54 T/ha was always equal to or greater than growth in soil that was not amended. Seed production in one of two runs of the experiment was more than double in soils amended with compost at 36 and 54 T/ha compared to the nonamended soil. These results suggest that amending soils with raw dairy manure may decrease the competitiveness of redroot pigweed, whereas amending with composted manure is likely to increase competitiveness.
Carryover of Imazethapyr and Imazapic to Nontolerant Rice
Authors: Marchesan Enio , Dos Santos Fernando M. , Grohs Mara , De Avila Luis A. , Machado Sérgio L. O. , Senseman Scott A. , Massoni Paulo F. S. , Sartori Gerson M. S.
Published: February 2010

The present work aimed to evaluate plant injury caused by residues in the soil of the formulated mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic to a nontolerant genotype of rice (IRGA 417) drilled at 371 and 705 d after herbicide application (DAA). Herbicide carryover reduced up to 55% of the grain yield of the IRGA 417 drilled at 371 DAA, and plant injury was still evident at 705 DAA but without grain yield reduction.
Sulfentrazone Carryover to Vegetables and Cotton
Authors: Pekarek Ryan A. , Garvey Paul V. , Monks David W. , Jennings Katherine M. , Macrae Andrew W.
Published: February 2010

Sulfentrazone is commonly used for weed control in soybeans and tobacco, and vegetable crops and cotton are often rotated with soybeans and tobacco. Studies were conducted to evaluate the potential for sulfentrazone to carryover and injure several vegetable crops and cotton. Sulfentrazone was applied PRE to soybean at 0, 210, 420, and 840 g ai/ha before planting bell pepper, cabbage, cotton, cucumber, onion, snap bean, squash, sweet potato, tomato, and watermelon. Cotton, known to be susceptible to sulfentrazone carryover, was included as an indicator species. Cotton injury ranged from 14 to 18% with a 32% loss of yield in 1 of 2 yr when the labeled use rate of sulfentrazone (210 g/ha) was applied to the preceding crop. High use rates of sulfentrazone caused at least 50% injury with yield loss ranging from 36 to 100%. Bell pepper, snap bean, onion, tomato, and watermelon were injured < 18% by sulfentrazone at 840 g/ha. Squash was injured < 3% and < 36% by sulfentrazone at 210 and 840 g/ha, respectively. Yield of these crops was not affected regardless of sulfentrazone rate. Cabbage and cucumber were injured < 13% by sulfentrazone at 210 and 420 g/ha, and yields were not affected. Sulfentrazone at 840 g/ha injured cabbage up to 46% and reduced yield in 1 of 2 yr. Sulfentrazone injured cucumber up to 63% and reduced yield of No. 2 grade fruits. Sulfentrazone at 210 and 420 g/ha injured sweet potato < 6% and did not affect yield. Sulfentrazone at 840 g/ha injured sweet potato 14% and reduced total yield 26%. Our results suggest little to no adverse effect on bell pepper, cabbage, cucumber, onion, snap bean, squash, sweet potato, tomato, or watermelon from sulfentrazone applied at registered use rates during the preceding year.
Wild Buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus) Interference in Sugarbeet
Authors: Odero Dennis C. , Mesbah Abdel O. , Miller Stephen D. , Kniss Andrew R.
Published: February 2010

Field studies were conducted in Powell, WY in 2006 and 2007 to determine the influence of season-long interference of various wild buckwheat densities and duration of interference on sugarbeet. Percent sucrose content was not affected by wild buckwheat interference. Root and sucrose yield loss per hectare increased as wild buckwheat density increased. The estimated percent yield loss as wild buckwheat density approaches infinity was 64 and 61% for root and sucrose yield loss, respectively. The estimated percent yield loss per unit weed density at low weed densities was 6% for both root and sucrose yield loss. Greater durations of wild buckwheat interference had a negative effect on sugarbeet root yield. The critical timing of weed removal (CTWR) to avoid 5 and 10% root yield loss was 32 and 48 d after sugarbeet emergence (DAE), respectively. These results show that wild buckwheat is competitive with sugarbeet and should be managed appropriately to forestall any negative effects on sugarbeet root and sucrose yield.
Fall and Spring Preplant Herbicide Applications Influence Spring Emergence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
Authors: Davis Vince M. , Kruger Greg R. , Young Bryan G. , Johnson William G.
Published: February 2010

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a common weed in no-till crop production systems. It is problematic because of the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and its ability to complete its life cycle as a winter or summer annual weed. Tactics to control horseweed while controlling other winter annual weeds routinely fail; herbicide application timing and spring emergence patterns of horseweed may be responsible. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) determine the influence of fall and spring herbicides with and without soil residual horseweed activity on spring-emerging glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed density and (2) evaluate the efficacy and persistence of saflufenacil on GR horseweed. Field studies were conducted in southern Indiana and Illinois from fall 2006 to summer 2007 and repeated in 2007 to 2008. Six preplant herbicide treatments were applied at four application timings: early fall, late fall, early spring, and late spring. Horseweed plants were counted every 2 wk following the first spring application until the first week of July. Horseweed almost exclusively emerged in the spring at both locations. Spring horseweed emergence was higher when 2,4-D + glyphosate was fall-applied and controlled other winter annual weeds. With fall-applied 2,4-D + glyphosate, over 90% of the peak horseweed density was observed before April 25. In contrast, only 25% of the peak horseweed density was observed in the untreated check by April 25. Starting from the initiation of horseweed emergence in late March, chlorimuron + tribenuron applied early fall or early spring, and spring-applied saflufenacil at 100 g ai/ha provided greater than 90% horseweed control for 12 wk. Early spring–applied saflufenacil at 50 g ai/ha provided 8 wk of greater than 90% residual control, and early spring–applied simazine provided 6 wk of greater than 90% control. When applied in late spring, saflufenacil was the only herbicide treatment that reduced horseweed densities by greater than 90% compared to 2,4-D + glyphosate. We concluded from this research that fall applications of nonresidual herbicides can increase the rate and density of spring emerging horseweed. In addition, spring-applied saflufenacil provides no-till producers with a new preplant herbicide for foliar and residual control of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant horseweed.
Confirmation and Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in Tennessee
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Jha Prashant , Steckel Lawrence E. , Scott Robert C.
Published: February 2010

Seeds of a suspected glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed biotype from Lauderdale County, TN, were collected from a continuous cotton field in fall 2007 after plants were nonresponsive to multiple glyphosate applications. The objectives of this research were to (1) confirm resistance by quantifying the response of the putative resistant biotype to glyphosate compared to a susceptible biotype from a nonagricultural area, (2) quantify shikimate accumulation over time in both biotypes, and (3) determine the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides labeled for use in cotton in controlling both biotypes at three growth stages. The susceptible biotype had a 50% lethal dose of 407 g ae/ha of glyphosate compared with 2,176 g/ha for the resistant biotype when treated at the four-node stage, a 5.3-fold level of resistance. The resistant biotype accumulated 3.3- to 9.8-fold less shikimate than the susceptible biotype at 1 to 7 d after treatment. The resistant biotype was less responsive to glyphosate as treatment was delayed past the two-node stage, much more than the susceptible biotype. Glufosinate, MSMA, and diuron controlled both biotypes by at least 90%, regardless of size at application. Prometryn, flumioxazin, carfentrazone-ethyl, fomesafen, and trifloxysulfuron controlled both biotypes by at least 89% when applied at the two-node stage, but control generally diminished with later application timings. Pyrithiobac was not effective in controlling either biotype, regardless of size at application. Hence, there are effective herbicide options for controlling glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed in cotton, and the resistant biotype does not appear to exhibit multiple resistances to other herbicides.
Comment on Abrams and Parsons: CARS is Hardly a Clunker
Authors: Ching Anna , Clark Mika , Dutta Tania , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2010

The Cash for Clunkers program is not such a clunker if one considers a fuller list of benefits, according to Anna Ching, Mika Clark, Tania Dutta and Yan Zhu.
A Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Iranian Tomato Pastes
Authors: Farahnaky Asgar , Majdinasab Marjan , Majzoobi Mahsa , Mesbahi Gholamreza
Published: February 2010

In this study, the physicochemical properties and rheological behavior of a number of tomato pastes manufactured by Iranian food processors were compared. Chemical composition tests, color measurement, consistency and rotational viscometry were performed. There were significant differences among the samples in terms of Brix, salt level, vitamin C and Hunter color parameters (L and a/b). Some of the parameters did not pass the standard requirements set by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), e.g. Brix, color and salt. The rotational viscometry tests and shear stressshear rate curves at 30, 45 and 60°C indicated the existence of variations among the samples in terms of apparent viscosity and yield stress. All tomato paste samples in this study were non-Newtonian fluids and the apparent viscosity of the pastes decreased with temperature increase. The rheological data obtained were fitted using a Power Law equation. The differences were attributed to raw material variations and processing conditions.
Adsorption of Crude Oil Using Meshed Groundnut Husk
Authors: Nwokoma Darlington Bon , Anene Uchenna
Published: February 2010

There is an increasing awareness of the impact of spilled crude oil and its refined products on human health and environment. The potential of using groundnut husk, agro-based waste, which is not only ubiquitous but indiscriminately littered around Nigerian urban areas, as an adsorbent in removal of oil spilled on water was investigated. Groundnut shell, a waste generated in local vegetable oil processing plants, has been converted into a low cost adsorbent. The groundnut husk was treated and meshed to adsorb crude oil from water at various experimental conditions. Investigations include the effects of sorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of crude oil. Meshed groundnut shell, especially less than 150 µm, exhibited high affinity for oil adsorption with time. The optimum adsorption temperature range lies between 25  45°C. The adsorption data indicates that a pseudo-second-order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics and the correlation coefficient of 0.9985 indicates that the sorption process is dominated by adsorption process. The results demonstrate that crude oil removal by adsorption onto this abundantly available low cost and readily biodegradable material is feasible. With high affinity for oil and low water pick up, meshed groundnut shell adsorbent could be said to be oleophilic or hydrophobic.
Mexican-American Entrepreneurship
Authors: Fairlie Robert , Woodruff Christopher M.
Published: February 2010

We conduct a comprehensive analysis of Mexican-American entrepreneurship. We find that low levels of education and wealth explain the entire gap between Mexican immigrants and non-Latino whites in business formation rates; together with language ability, these factors explain nearly the entire gap in business income. Legal status represents an additional barrier for Mexican immigrants, reducing business ownership rates by 0.7 percentage points. Human and financial capital deficiencies limit business ownership and business success among second and third-generation Mexican-Americans to a lesser extent. These findings have implications for the debates over the assimilation of Mexican-Americans in the United States.
What does we need to help laryngectomized speaking?
Authors: Djukic V.B. , Vukasinovic M.M. , Stankovic P.D. , Milovanovic J.P. , Folic M.M.
Published: February 2010

Multidisciplinary approach in rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients is the basic of esophageal voice and speech establishing. Well trained and dedicated stuff is cornerstone for such helpless patients. Communication Disorders Care Center and Laryngectomized Patients Society are minimal administrative precautions in organized community. Modern technology implementation gives us objective evaluation of therapy effects, that is 84% of successful treatment in our daily work.
Diagnostic algorithm in patients with cervical metastasis of malignant tumours unknown primary location
Authors: Krejovic-Trivic S.B. , Trivic A.S. , Banko A.V. , Milovanovic A.P. , Ugrinovic A.B. , Vukasinovic M.M.
Published: February 2010

Carcinoma of unknown primary location are heterogeneous group of metastatic tumours where primary location could not be discovered with detail anamnesis, clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. Patients with metastasis carcinoma of unknown primary location in clinical oncology are represent with about 4% of total number of patients with solid tumours. The most frequent location carcinoma of unknown primary location, discovered with autopsy, are lungs, pancreas, colon, kidney, prostate and breast. Metastasis in cervical lymph nodes carcinoma of unknown primary location are represent between 3-9% of total number of patients with head and neck carcinoma. Patients with persistent cervical lymph node should be examined through diagnostical plan 'step by step' for identification carcinoma of unknown primary location.
Developments in therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Albers A.E. , Sinikovic B. , Banko A.V. , Jovanovic S. , Kaufmann A.M.
Published: February 2010

Much progress has been made in the prevention and therapy of premalignant and malignant dysplasia caused by human papillomavirus by encouraging screening programs and recently by introducing preventive vaccines. To further reduce the worldwide burden of HPV-associated cancer supplementation of the established therapies with immunotherapeutic methods would have the potential for significant impact. Dysplastic epithelial lesions and cancer of the anogenital and the oropharyngeal region show strong association with HPV. Therefore cervical carcinoma and HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck differ from most other malignancies in that they harbour HPV-derived antigens. Expression of the viral oncogenes is mandatory to maintain the cancerous phenotype. These antigens are unique to the tumour and attractive targets for 'proof of concept' studies in the development of therapeutic vaccines showing the general applicability of tumour vaccination and prove the correlation of immune response and clinical response. To date numerous clinical trials have been performed with candidate vaccines predominantly testing the efficacy for cervical cancer and its precursors. Although a naturally induced anti-HPV T cell response in patients was shown, clinical success of therapeutic vaccines was sparse. This may be attributed to immunosuppression, immunoselection, and immunoediting by the tumour cells. Factors of the individual that led to the failure of autonomous clearance of the initial infection may also contribute. Overriding this failure, reversing immunosuppression and application of vaccines in early stages of the disease is the key task for the future. The aim of this article is to summarize recent developments of therapeutic vaccines and discuss obstacles that hinder their success.
Immunoglobulins G, A, M and circulatory immune complexes in patients with laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Dimitrijevic M.V. , Djordjevic V.Z. , Arsovic N.A. , Jeremic P.D. , Slijepcevic N.A. , Konjevic G.
Published: February 2010

Introduction Malignant tumors of the head and neck represent 5% of all malignancies, of which the most common are tumors of the larynx and oral cavity. In the blood serum of patients with malignant tumors increased levels of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes have been detected, with a diverse relevance to the clinical course and prognosis of the disease. Aim Due to contradictory findings of the correlation between the humoral immune response and the clinical course of the disease, we examined 42 male patients with laryngeal carcinoma. All patients underwent surgery, of which 15 patients were treated postoperatively with radiotherapy. The changes in the levels of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in the blood serum were recorded and evaluated. Results Analysis of the results showed an immunological disorder of an abnormal level of circulating immune complexes in the blood serum that normalized after the surgical removal of the tumor. The levels of immunoglobulins G and A were abnormal during the whole postoperative period of examination. Conclusion The normalizing of the levels of circulating immune complexes in the blood serum, after surgical removal of the tumor, shows a strong association between the two, and this could consequently mean that it could be used as a prognostic tool, particularly in correlation with other immunological parameters.
Computerized rhinomanometry: A study of total nasal resistance normal values
Authors: Janosevic Lj. , Dotlic J. , Janosevic S. , Dudvarski Z. , Milovanovic A. , Pendjer I.
Published: February 2010

Computerized rhinomanomatry with the practical software programmes is used widely as a research tool to evaluate objectively nasal air flow and resistance parametres, while the increase of its clinical application may be facilitated by further standardization of the method. The aim of the study was to determine the total nasal resistance normal values in healthy adult population using a method of computerized rhinomanometry. A randomized sample of 108 white healthy adults (216 nasal cavities), both sexs with a mean age of 32 (20 - 45) years comprised the test group. Nasal patency was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry in non-decongested mucosa ('at rest') during 10 repetitive measurements at inspiratory and expiratory reference pressure of 150 Pa. Nasal resistance was measured and calculated accoding to the recommendations of the Committee on objective assessment of the nasal airway, International Rhinologic Society.1,2 The mean total nasal resistance in the sample was found to be 0.179 Pa/cm3/s with the confidant interval from 0,167 to 0,191 Pa/cm3/s at the probability level of 95%. Total nasal resistance was very significantly influenced by sex (t = - 4.614), height (F=11.625) and weight (F=11.529) of the examinees. This paper provides additional information on total nasal resistance normal values in healthy adult population important for computirezed rhinomanometry normative parameters standardization.
NMR diagnostic vallue inassessing laryngeal tumor
Authors: Banko B.A. , Milovanovic J.P. , Maksimovic R.M.
Published: February 2010

Aims: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of pretreatment surgical magnetic resonance images (MRI) in assessment of patients with tumors of the larynx. Materials and methods: The study included 12 patients, 11 men and 1 women, age 614 years. All patients underwent laryngeal endoscopy and biopsy followed by MRI. The biopsy confirmed that all patient had squamous-cell carcinoma. The MRI images were evaluated for presence in supraglottic, glottic or subglottic region, invasion of submucosal space, cartilage, extension to extralaryngeal tissue, presence of regional lymph nodes in regions I to VII. Imaging data were compared to surgical findings. Results: In 11 patients (92%) the tumor was supraglottic and glotic region and in 1 (8%) subglottic. None of them had tumor only in one region. Paraglottic ivasion was seen in 9 (75%) and preepiglottic in 2 (50%) patients. Paraglottic and preepiglotic invasion in the same time was seen in 3(25%) patients. 7 (58%) patients had normal vocal cord mobility, 3 (25%) mobility was unilateral and 2 (17%) had no vocal cord mobility. Cartilage invasion has not been seen in present study. All patients had billateral limphadenopathy region II-IV. Extension to extralaryngeal tissue was absent. These findings were confirmed on surgery with high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: MRI has been shown to be a reliable method for presurgical assessment of patients with tumor of the larynx.
Correlation between results of PCR and specific serological tests in diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with mononucleosis syndrome
Authors: Banko A.V. , Lazarevic I.B. , Cupic M.D. , Knezevic A.M. , Stevanovic G.D. , Krejovic-Trivic S.B. , Jovanovic T.P.
Published: February 2010

Routine laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is based on EBV serological testing, but due to problems in interpretation of results, molecular methods, especially PCR, are often necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate correlation between results of PCR and specific serological tests in diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with mononucleosis syndrome. The study comprised 68 patients with mononucleosis syndrome. Their blood samples were tested using ELISA for detection of 4 EBV specific antibodies (anti-VCA IgM and IgG, anti-EA-D IgG and anti-EBNA-1 IgG) and PCR for detection of EBV DNA. According to results of serology 42 patients had acute primary infection, 2 reactivation, 1 chronic active infection, 19 past infection, and 4 have been EBV seronegative. EBV DNA was detected in 17 patients (25%) and all of them were serologically defined as acutely infected. PCR was useful for resolving unclear serology results. Specific serology is the first step in diagnosis of IM, but PCR may serve as a useful additional diagnostic tool for clarifying serological dilemmas, reaching final diagnosis and defining status of the infection.
Postoperativni patohistoloski nalazi kod nosno-sinusne polipoze
Authors: Dudvarski Z. , Pendjer I. , Janosevic Lj. , Boricic I. , Tomanovic N. , Dotlic J.
Published: February 2010

Introduction Sino-nasal polyposis is a frequent condition in clinical practice and various pathohistological features that they exhibit can be significant for clinical picture and prognosis of the illness. Aim of this research was to examine pathohistological characteristics of sino-nasal polyposis and according to references from literature to make a pathohistological classification. Materialand method In the period from May to October 2009. we have analyzed pathohistological characteristics of sino-nasal polyposis in 25 patients. All patients were operated with funcional endoscopic surgery at the Institute of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery and pathohistologycal researches were done at the Institute of Pathology, University Medical School of Belgrade. Results Pathohistological findings in all operated patients confirmed sinonasal polyposis and classification was establish in following pattern: 16 patients with edematous or eosinophilic polyps (64%), 6 patients with fibro-inflamatory polyps (24%) and 3 patients with hyperplasia of sero-mucous glands (12%). In 3 cases (12%) we have found atypical stromal cells but because of the rest of predominant pathohistological characteristics we did not separate these patients in additional group. Conclusion Edematous or eosinophilic polyps represents predominant pathohistological type which is according to data from literature.
European laryngological society propose four types endoscopic supraglottic laryngectomy
Authors: Djukic V.B. , Milovanovic J.P. , Milovanovic A.P. , Stankovic P.D. , Pavlovic B.M. , Folic M.M. , Blazic S.R.
Published: February 2010

The limited excision addresses small superficial lesions affecting free edge of the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic fold or the superior edge of the arytenoid. The median supraglottic laryngectomy excluding the pre-epiglottic space addresses small superficial T1 lesions of the endolaryngeal epiglottis. The incision line extends to the pre-epiglottic space but does not aim at removing the pre-epiglottic space entirely. The pharyngo-epiglottic folds, aryepiglottic folds, and ventricular folds are preserved. The median supraglottic laryngectomy including the pre-epiglottic space addresses T1 and T2 lesions of the endolaryngeal epiglottis. The entire pre-epiglottic space is removed as far as possible. Depending on extent of the lesion, the resection can include one or two ventricular bands and the aryepiglottic folds. The lateral supraglottic laryngectomy addresses lesions affecting the three folds or T1 and T2 lesions of the aryepiglottic fold. The procedure removes free edge of the epiglottis ipsilateral to the lesion, the area of the three folds and the aryepiglottic fold. The resection can include the inner wall and anterior angle og the pyriform sinus, the entire ventricular fold and the arytenoid (provided it is mobile).
Funkcionalni rezultati lecenja pocetnih karcinoma glotisne regije larinksa
Authors: Milovanovic J.P. , Djukic V.B. , Milovanovic A.P. , Trivic A.S. , Baljosevic I.S. , Vukasinovic M.M. , Milovanovic A.
Published: February 2010

Early stage glottic cancer can be successfully treated with open surgery, LASER surgery or radiotherapy. During this treatment the physician obviously has to bear in mind principles of oncological radicality, but also, none the less, the preservation of all the functions of the larynx, and especially the preservation of voice quality. The aim of the study is to compare, in a specifically designed prospective study, the method of treatment with the functional results of basic characteristics of spoken voice of patients with early stage cancer of the glottis region. Then, based on the analysis of the results, to try and determine the most successful method of treatment. The first study group consisted of 72 patients operated using transoral laser microsurgery; the second study group consisted of 75 patients operated using open surgery; and the third study group consisted of 74 patients treated with radiotherapy. The voice quality is much better after laser chordectomy compared to open surgery chordectomy with reconstruction. Furthermore, the functional results of voice quality, after a laser chordectomy, are worse when compared to the group of patients treated with radiotherapy. Taking into account all objective and subjective phoniatric parameters, we determined that there is no crucial difference in the voice quality of patients operated using laser chordectomy and patients primarily treated with radiotherapy. From a functional point of view these two methods are superior to open surgery chordectomy.
Protease activities of Candida spp. isolated from otitis externa: Preliminary result
Authors: Arsovic N.A. , Banko A.V. , Dimitrijevic M.V. , Djordjevic V.Z. , Milovanovic J.P. , Arsenijevic V.A.
Published: February 2010

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear predominantly caused by Candida and Aspergillus spp. The possible virulence factors of Candida spp. are enzymes, such as proteases, phospholipases, phosphatases and esterase. According to our knowledge, protease production in Candida strains isolated from patients with otomycosis has not been investigated. The present study was aimed at determining in vitro protease activity in 8 strains of Candida spp. (C. parapsilosis, C. famata, C. guilliermondii and C. albicans) isolated from children with otomycosis. A majority of isolated strains 7/8 (87.5%) were protease positive. The protease activity ranged from Pz 0.61 to 0.78. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the contribution of protease production to Candida virulence associated with otomycosis.
Sentinel lymph node in supraglotic larynx cancer
Authors: Djordjevic V.Z. , Dimitrijevic M.V. , Jesic S.D. , Petrovic Z.M. , Arsovic N.A. , Milovanovic J.P. , Nesic V.S.
Published: February 2010

The treatment of patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer still remains a controversal issue. The study comprised 193 patients with a supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma treated in the period 1986 - 2003. All patients had primary surgery. They all had clinically and ultrasono-grafically negative findings in the neck (N0). Bilateral selective neck dissection at the level II-III was performed in all patients at the time of primar surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to all patients with verified occult metastases (60 Gy).The occult cervical node metastases were found in 18% (35/193). Ipsilateral occult metastases were more common (77%, 27/35), but both bilateral and contralateral spread was also seen (14%, 5/35 and 9%, 3/35, respectively). Only in two (1%) did metastases develop subsequently. The 5-years survival rate was 86%.