bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac involvement in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and normal renal function after six years of follow-up
Authors: Pietrzak-Nowacka Maria , Safranow Krzysztof , Czechowska Małgorzata , Dutkiewicz Grażyna , Gątarska Ewa , Ciechanowski Kazimierz
Published: July 2021

The aim of the follow-up study was to compare the changes of M-mode echocardiographic parameters in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients and controls without renal failure during six years of observation and to explore the associations of these parameters with metabolic syndrome components and kidney function. We performed a follow-up examination in 37 ADPKD patients and 40 controls. Anthropometric parameters were measured and fasting venous blood sample from each patient was tested for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, creatinine, and urea concentrations. All subjects underwent standard two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was diagnosed based on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) adjusted for body surface area (LVMI-S, LVH-S) or for height (LVMI-H, LVH-H). The prevalence of LVH was significantly greater in ADPKD patients than in controls (35% vs. 10%, p=0.012) according to the ESH/ESC criteria from 2013, and (27.0% vs. 7.5%, p=0.032) according to criteria from 2017. In patients with ADPKD, no significant increase of the echocardiographic parameters was observed in the 6 years between the initial examination and the follow-up examination. Cardiac involvement in women with ADPKD occurs at an earlier stage of the disease than in men. In patients with ADPKD treated for hypertension in accordance with the 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines the progression of LVH was not observed during the 6-year follow-up, despite the deterioration of renal function. Obesity, blood pressure and renal function do not affect LVMI changes.
Everything is NOT Awesome. A Lego Brick as a 3D Trade Mark
Authors: Skibicki Rafał
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the reasoning of the protection of the flagship Lego products – the rectangular brick and the Lego minifigure as the trade marks from the perspective of European Union trade mark system and the Polish legal system. The main part is dedicated to the most important absolute grounds for refusal of trade mark registration, i. e. the distinctive character and the shape of goods necessary to obtain a technical result. However, it is crucial to understand the history, especially the history of legal protection, of both the brick and the minifigure. In the end, the Lego case allows to draw general conclusions about the overlapping of different intellectual property protection regimes and the relation of public domain to the trade mark registration. All these considerations are presented with the use of both comparative and doctrinal method.
Prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in pregnant women
Authors: Fazel Nasrin , Kazemzadeh Asghar , Abdizadeh Mojtaba , Jensem-Jarolim Erika , Shahrouyan Shohreh , Shahrooyan Sina
Published: July 2021

Asthma and allergic disorders can affect the outcome of pregnancy. Asthma and allergies are common comorbidities during pregnancy and exacerbations are the major clinical problem. Results are not consistent between studies .Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of asthma and allergic disease during pregnancy. This prospective cohort study was carried out at the antenatal clinic of Mobini Hospital in Iran. Overall, 1,603 women were enrolled prior to the 24th week of pregnancy. All participants were interviewed for allergy disease, allergic trigger factors and severity of asthma. Also, asthma control was categorized as per GINA guidelines. The diagnosis of asthma was based on symptoms, pulmonologist diagnosis, and spirometry assessment. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and T-tests and Chi-square test. The prevalence of asthma during pregnancy was 2.1% among the participants. The most common allergens in asthmatic group were pollen, stress, and climate. There was a significant relationship between age, education and place of living in asthmatic and non-asthmatic group, p = 0.003, p=0.05, p=0.008, respectively. There was a significant relationship between asthma symptoms among the two groups (p=0.001). In addition, a significant relationship was found between asthma and other allergic diseases including eczema, allergy, rhinitis, and wheeze in asthmatic women, with a significant relationship between wheeze and coughing and allergy. Exposure of the pregnant women to high levels of allergens, like pollen, and allergic diseases resulted in an increased risk of pregnancy outcomes. Careful management of these diseases should prevent most of the serious complications
Impact of quality on improvement of business performance and customer satisfaction
Authors: Cvjetković Milena , Vasiljević Marko , Cvjetković Milovan , Josimović Milica
Published: July 2021

In an immense market struggle, the only effective way to build a long-term competitive advantage is to provide a high level of quality. Offering quality to the market, the organization creates loyal consumers on the basis of which it achieves its profitability, growth and development. The research presented in this paper is aimed at determination of the impact of quality on improving business performance and customer satisfaction. Correlation analysis confirmed this influence on the basis of obtained statistically significant mutual relations between the analyzed variables. Quality was shown to have an impact on improving the business performance of the organization, primarily on profitability through the improvement of leadership and relationship management. The impact of quality on customer satisfaction was also confirmed, where the engagement of people and the management of mutual relations had the greatest impact on consumer confidence. The research confirmed that the training of employees in terms of quality had a statistically significant impact on improving customer satisfaction, if it is conducted in an efficient manner.
Examining the effect of the type of sport on the frequency of electrocardiographic changes in medical students involved in sports
Authors: Pandurović Stefan , Pantoš Vladimir , Đurić Biljana , Topalović Nikola , Jeremić Rada , Đelić Marina , Nešić Dejan , Mazić Sanja
Published: July 2021

Continuous physical activity leads to a series of adaptive changes to athletes' cardiovascular system, collectively called Athlete's heart. Recognizing such physiological ECG changes and distinguishing them from the pathological myocardium-related findings, play an important role in sudden cardiac death prevention among athletes. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of the type of sport on the frequency of electrocardiographic changes between two groups of subjects, football and volleyball players. The study included 47 subjects, students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, divided into two groups depending on type of sport they play. The first group consisted of 29 volleyball players, while the second group consisted of 18 football players. Anthropometric parameters: body height (BH), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF) were measured first. Resting electrocardiographic test was performed in supine position, using twelve-lead electrocardiograph. From obtained electrocardiograms (ECG), using the Seattle criteria for interpretation of ECG findings in athletes, following parameters were analyzed: heart rate, heart rhythm, rhythmicity, respiratory arrhythmia, cardiac axis, duration and amplitude of individual waves, segments and intervals, QTc, right and left atrial enlargement, isolated voltage criteria for left and right ventricular hypertrophy, incomplete right bundle-branch block, first degree AV block, second degree AV block-Mobitz type I (Wenckebach), and T wave inversion. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-test and Chi square test, within the SPSS package. Results of the study showed higher values of amplitude of P wave in the V1 lead among football players (p=0.015), alongside significant difference in frequency of T wave inversion in leads V1-V3 (p=0.048). Volleyball players demonstrated significantly higher frequency of left atrial enlargement (p=0.019). Based on presented results, we can conclude that observed ECG changes indicate that different types of sports may lead both to changes in electrical activity of cardiac conduction system and myocardium.
Some military musical topics before 1914
Authors: Grimait Joan
Published: July 2021

The article deals with military musical topics in concert music. Historically, the first World War marks a shift in the value of those topics. In Romantic music, martial topics are mostly euphoric: the virtual marching characters are the "good guys". In most of the music after the bloody conflict, however, the March represents the dark side of humanity's aggressiveness. This shift can be heard in Shostakovich's and Prokofiev's works, and has a clear precedent in the music of Gustav Mahler, who intuitively foresaw the forthcoming disasters. The article also describes two military topics that have received too little attention, despite their frequent use: the 'Dysphoric March' and the 'Toy Army'. (The latter was described, but not labelled, by Raymond Monelle [2000]).
A conceptual connection between classic heavy metal and World War I: The case of Iron Maiden's 'Paschendale' and Motôrhead's '1916'
Authors: Ribaldini Paolo
Published: July 2021

In this essay, I deal with the connections between World War I and the musical style of early Heavy Metal (NM). HM has always dealt thoroughly with the topic of war, sometimes criticizing it, sometimes celebrating it. While World War II is a very frequent, lyrical topic, World War I is definitely less addressed, for a number of reasons. I nevertheless argue that, in spite of this general lack of interest, with such a historical topic early HM shares the ideological perspective of a crisis in the existing systems of values.
Dishing Failure of Integrated Lifting Lugs
Authors: Gray Lucas
Published: July 2021

One method of improving temporary rigging processes during shipbuilding is through the use of lifting lugs integrated directly into ship’s structure rather than traditional weld on/burn off padeyes. This method relies on a the inherent strength of a ships bulkhead to lift an assembly rather than a traditional padeye, and reduces the efforts involved in the installation, removal, and repair of the area around a temporary padeye. The application of ASME Below-The-Hook design guidance to such lifting strategies is not necessarily straight forward, as one of the main causes of failure for thin plate pin connections is dishing, a form of tripping or buckling of the plate near the lifting hole. This paper presents results from the destructive testing of several such lifting lugs with specific attention paid to out of plane loads and their effect on dishing initiation.
Amphoterism in Combating Corrosion on Hulls of Offshore Floating Equipment (A Case Study of FPSOs)
Authors: Ogbonnaya Ezenwa A.
Published: July 2021

Amphoterism is the phenomenon where some metallic oxides can exist and react in both acidic and basic forms. This work therefore looked at the possibility of using amphoteric oxides for constructing Floating Production Storage Offloading hulls with a view to combating corrosion. The focal point of the work was on the detailed use of experimental model and statistical analyses to obtain results necessary to support the fact enunciated. In the experimentation conducted, it was noticed that the aluminium used in ship building corroded 100 times slower than steel. During the first year of operation, steel alloy corroded at a rate of 120mm/year whereas aluminium deteriorates at a rate of 1mm/year. This implies that use of aluminium oxide for Floating Production Storage Offloading hull would entail less downtime for dry-docking. The fact that the procedure of formulating a statistical model for corrosion of Floating Production Storage Offloading hull has not been much documented in open literatures makes this effort worth-while at this point.
Underwater Ship Hull Coating Systems Long-term Degradation, Causes and Solutions
Authors: Phillips David C.
Published: July 2021

A relatively undocumented, though well-known, problem associated with the generally prevalent antifouling and fouling release underwater ship hull coatings can be termed “long-term paint degradation.” This problem can result in a fuel penalty of 25-40% on a hull that has not been fully blasted and recoated for 10-15 years. This paper examines the causes of and solutions to this problem.
Leveraging Mobile Technology to Facilitate Collaboration Between Shipyards and the Navy Customer for Improved Delivery Cycle Time
Authors: Parker Robert T. , Baugh Jeb , Fuller Ashley
Published: July 2021

Today’s Navy ships are some of the most complex vessels being manufactured. As such, there are a multitude of stakeholders and requirements that must be satisfied through all phases of construction. Manufacturing issues invariably arise and must be tracked from initial documenting through to resolution. Given the number and types of stakeholders involved in the manufacturing process, this can lead to information silos with multiple groups having differing views into each other’s data (if they have a view at all). While the shipyards have their internal quality (lien) management systems, the Navy system of record for outstanding issues is the Technical Support Maintenance (TSM) system. Lacking an efficient interface between TSM and the shipbuilders organic lien management systems and a mobile component that can be taken to the ship , the TSM system is cumbersome and is yet another source of siloed information. Additionally, once a manufacturing issue has reached the TSM system there can be a significant dollar value attached to resolution. Resolving issues once they have reached the Navy’s system of record can extend production schedules to the right and significantly impact total construction cost and delivery of the product and the value proposition of a program.
The Fallacy of using design: "The Design is Mature"
Authors: Keane Robert G.
Published: July 2021

The U.S. Navy has experimented with many approaches to design and build its ships. Using an existing design as the “parent” design, also referred to as “modified-repeat” design, is on its face an attractive option. Many acquisition executives, program managers and some ship design engineers believe that a design based on a parent has fewer technical risks than a new “clean sheet of paper” design and therefore the time and cost to design and build it will be reduced. They assume early in the ship acquisition program that “the design is mature”” and because of that fewer problems will be encountered in completing the design and savings will thus be accrued. Yet, a number of naval ships based on a parent design have in fact experienced unanticipated cost and schedule growth during construction as well as technical problems during their in-service life. The authors will examine some of these ship designs which were based on an existing design and/or prototypes and highlight the fallacies of such beliefs and assumptions. The authors will also briefly describe the development and use of more physics-based design tools during early stage design that can reduce the risks of a new clean sheet ship design through design space exploration and actual design maturation. The authors are convinced from our experience on over fifty major naval ship designs that much of the unbudgeted and unnecessary growth in the costs to produce naval ships can be attributed to poor design decisions during early concept design. Achieving a truly mature or stable ship design earlier in the design process is critical for ensuring successful ship design, acquisition, construction, and in-service outcomes.
Re-analysis of Series 50 Tests of V-Bottom Motor Boats
Authors: Morabito Michael G.
Published: July 2021

Series 50 is the largest U.S. planing hull series. Originally developed for semi-planing PT boat type hulls, the tests were conducted in 1940-1941 and consisted of twenty 1m long models tested at nine loading conditions each and a range of speeds for a total of over 2000 test runs. The volumetric Froude numbers tested ranged from 1 to 6. The parent hull of the series has warp, rocker in the buttock lines and a tapered stern, features that are undesirable in very high speed craft, but are often necessary in the design of semi-planing hulls such as motor yachts. Analysis of all of the series data showed that the flow was not fully turbulent on all of the runs, especially conditions with wide beam and short wetted lengths. A thorough re-analysis of the data was undertaken and for runs with suspected transitional flow, the lift, wetted length and trim angle were used to determine resistance, using a modification of methods employed for prismatic planing hulls. Plots are developed showing mean wetted length and residuary resistance to weight ratio as a function of Froude number, allowing the data to be rapidly expanded to any scale ratio. Corrections for aerodynamic resistance, trim flaps and appendages are discussed, and example calculations are provided.
Del pensamiento computacional al pensamiento creativo
Authors: Salamanca Garay Ignacio Javier , Badilla Quintana María Graciela
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo es determinar que dimensiones del pensamiento computacional se relacionan con las dimensiones del pensamiento creativo. La metodología es cuantitativa con un diseño descriptivo no experimental transversal. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos, uno mide el pensamiento computacional a través de las dimensiones Direcciones, Bucles, Condicionales y Funciones y el otro, mide el pensamiento creativo a través de las dimensiones Originalidad, Fluidez, Elaboración y Flexibilidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por N=275 estudiantes de 7 establecimientos educativos de la provincia del Diguillin, región de Ñuble, Chile. Los resultados demuestran que el pensamiento computacional y creativo están relacionados entre sí. Las dimensiones bucles y condicionales se relacionan significativamente con todas las dimensiones del pensamiento creativo. De estas dimensiones, las que reciben mayor influencia de los bucles y condicionales son la elaboración, seguida de la fluidez, la originalidad y la flexibilidad. En conclusión, los bucles y condicionales son las dimensiones esenciales para estimular las dimensiones del pensamiento creativo.
Hibridaciones y desbordamientos entre disciplinas y sectores en arte y comunicación. Trazando el potencial creativo transdisciplinar para la docencia
Authors: Obradors Matilde
Published: July 2021

Con el convencimiento de que la facultad creativa mejora con la práctica y con la inmersión en modelos innovativos, y puesto que una de las operaciones fundamentales de la creatividad es la asociación de ideas, la analogía, la mezcla y la combinación de referentes que lleva a cosas nuevas, una asignatura dedicada a la hibridación y la transdisciplinariedad entre comunicación, arte y cultura, es imprescindible para comprender e incentivar la creatividad, mejorar su práctica y obtener resultados, diferenciados e innovadores. El presente estudio propone trazar un mapa de hibridaciones como contenido lectivo para incentivar la creatividad.  Las hibridaciones entre diversas disciplinas culturales y artísticas se vienen produciendo desde los años 20 a lo largo de todo el siglo pasado, a pesar de que las diferentes industrias han preservado sus dominios por cuestiones comerciales y de élite de pertenencia a un ámbito. En el siglo veintiuno se dan múltiples expresiones de sensibilidad a las problemáticas sociales, en las que las hibridaciones configuran nuevas prácticas dentro de lo que se ha dado en llamar la Innovación Social; encontramos diseñadores gráficos, artistas, cineastas, publicitarios… implicados en temas sociales y prácticas artísticas, comprometidos con la sociedad. La denominada Revolución Tecnológica ha cambiado las prácticas y las formas de relación. Con Internet y las Redes Sociales, ha aumentado considerablemente la hibridación, puesto que todos podemos acceder a los artilugios tecnológicos que la hacen posible, pero es fundamental, considerar las manifestaciones anteriores a la era digital, conocer el origen de las prácticas de cruce entre disciplinas.
El estrellato como mitología de la era digital: hiperculturalidad y "El mal querer" de Rosalía
Authors: Terrasa Rico Mateu , Blanco Alfonso Ignacio , Garbisu Buesa Margarita
Published: July 2021

El estrellato constituye un ejemplo paradigmático de mitología contemporánea. A través de su función como receptáculos semiótico-culturales y somático-emocionales, las estrellas sirven como referentes y espejo del colectivo social que las engendra. En el seno de las comunidades digitales y a través de la tecnología interactiva, la liturgia de las celebrities, los rituales de los fans y la simbología de esta religión secular masiva alcanza su cénit. Nuestro primer objetivo es analizar el paralelismo entre el estrellato y la religión. Para ello, situaremos a los ídolos en un marco teórico y describiremos las transformaciones que las comunidades digitales de fans están experimentando. Nuestro segundo objetivo es interrelacionar el fenómeno transmedia del álbum El mal querer de Rosalía con la noción de "hiperculturalidad" propuesta por Byung-Chul Han. Expondremos cómo el universo conceptual generado por la artista catalana refleja las transformaciones a la que asisten las identidades en la cultura globalizada, hiperconectada y digital. El artículo concluye desarrollando la idea del estrellato como mitología moderna y la importancia de la tecnología digital interactiva en la transformación de los públicos en red. Así mismo, la difusión global e intergeneracional de la obra de Rosalía es sintomática del modelo no fundamentalista de la cultura globalizada, así como de la prominencia de lo tradicional, el consumo de lo estético-cultural y el papel activo de las audiencias en la configuración de la identidad cultural contemporánea.
EFEKTI KREATIN MONOHIDRATA NA SNAGU I TJELESNU KOMPOZICIJU
Authors: Bjelica Bojan , Aksović Nikola , Alempijević Radica , Zelenović Milan , Dragović Ivan
Published: July 2021

Kreatin je postao popularan dodatak prehrani među sportistima. Najnovija istraživanja takođe s sugerišu da postoji veliki broj potencijalnih terapijskih primjena kreatina. Cilj ovog sistematskog pregleda je da se ispitaju efekti CR na mišićnu snagu i tjelesnu kompoziciju, na temelju prikupljenih podataka i analiziranih radova objavljenih u periodu 2018.-2020 godine. Pretraživanje literature izvršeno je pomoću sledećih baza: PubMed, Scholar Google, DOAJ. Radovi su odabrani na osnovu više kriterijuma. Rezultati ukazuju da CR u kombinaciji sa nekim programom vježbanja rezultira povećanjem mišićne mase, povećava snagu, smanjuje vrijeme izvođenja određene aktivnosti. Promjene u tjelesnoj kompoziciji ogledaju se u povećanju ukupne mase i mišićne mase kao i količine vode u sastavu tijela. Korišćenje CR u omjeru 10-20gr na dnevnom nivou i učestalosti korišćenja od 4-5 dana nedeljno, predstavlja efikasno sredstvo za poboljšanje sportskih performansi i pozitivnih promjena u sastavu tijela.
FMS SKRINING KAO REVOLUCIONARNO – REHABILITACIONI MERNI INSTRUMENT U SPORTU I REKREACIJI
Authors: Zećirović Armin , Rodić Dragana , Manić Mila , Čaprić Ilma , Stratakis Konstantinos , Mavrić Adem , Hačković Samir , Mekić Raid
Published: July 2021

Međunarodni sportski programi utvrdili su procedure FMS skrininga kao suštinsku komponentu za identifikaciju učenika, sportista i rekreativaca koji su pod visokim rizikom da postanu povređeni. Cilj rada je da se utvrdi upotreba Functional Movement Screeninga (FMS), kao sistema koji se bavi analizom funkcionalnih obrazaca pokreta i njihovih komponenti i utvrđuje efikasnost lokomotornog sistema, kroz procenu mobilnosti, motorne kontrole i stabilnosti. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo trinaest originalnih naučnih radova. Svi radovi su zadovoljili problematiku i mogli su da daju odgovor na postavljeni cilj. Kao metod uzeta je selekcija radova od 2010. do 2015. godine.
Cross-Institutional, Interdepartmental UDL Infusion in Elementary Education Teacher Preparation Curriculum
Authors: Hoeh Emily , Curtis Jessica A. , McAllister Melissa D.
Published: July 2021

The following describes a journey of collaboration across disciplines to support Universal Design for Learning (UDL) curriculum and assessment enhancements in an Elementary Education teacher preparation program within a college of education (COE). As a collaborative partner with a public
university in Florida, a public state college in Florida completed a review and enhancement of the Elementary Education teacher preparation curriculum using The Roadmap for Educator Preparation Reform to create an overt and measured use of the Universal Design for Learning framework.
This project was supported through a grant from the Florida Department of Education FLDOE 171-5015A-8CC01.
Understanding Segregation and Recycling Practices of Tin Cans and Plastic Bottles in the Household, Municipality, and Agency in Zanzibar
Authors: Ali Abdalla I. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Hassan J. K. , Abdulla S. A. , Khamis M. M. , Said O. M. , Saadat T. I. , Maalim H. A. , Abdulkadir A. S.
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to understand waste handling and disposal practices, including hindering segregation and recycling plastic bottles and tin cans in Zanzibar. Focusing specifically on the household, schools, collectors, pickers, key informants, and recycling agencies in Zanzibar, the study uncovered the factors that influence the separation and selling of empty plastic bottles and tin cans from households to recycling agencies in Zanzibar. Therefore, this study was done to understand the current practices on waste recycling, agencies involved, and barriers to market penetration from households to recycling agencies. Data were collected from 60 household surveys, focus group discussions with secondary school students and NGOs, in-depth interviews with key informants, and systematic observations in the households, recycling agencies, and collectors. The findings show that waste is generally not separated in households, among collectors and Zanzibar Municipality Council. The study identifies a lack of proper education, poor knowledge of law and policy enforcement, insufficient capital, limited storage warehouses, and an unstable recycling market among the major challenges to sustainable plastic bottle handling and tin can waste. To encourage tin can and plastic bottle users to separate their waste and hand in their plastic bottles and tin cans for recycling, the study recommends some suggestions to improve the situation such as the provision of proper education and loan, law enforcement, promotion of environmental clubs, as well as the creation of a more stable market for the recycling agents.
MPLA Case 3: Don’t criticize me in public!
Authors: Hendrickson Kristi , Kim Sara , Stambaugh Cassandra , Gronberg Mary , Kim Leonard , Wang Dongxu ,   MPLA Cases Subcommittee
Published: July 2021

This work of fiction re‐enacts a scenario in which a medical physics resident was not able to address a physics call during patient simulation and was criticized by the supervising faculty physicist in front of the team and the patient. The resident and the faculty agreed to meet afterwards to debrief the situation, in the hope of establishing a better working relationship. The intended use of this case, through group discussion, self‐study, or role‐play, is to encourage readers to discuss the situation at hand, inspire professionalism and leadership thinking, and allow the practice of conflict management. Facilitator's notes are available upon request to the MPLA Cases Subcommittee. This case study falls under the scope of and is supported by the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA), a committee in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).
The association between the belief in coronavirus conspiracy theories, miracles, and the susceptibility to conjunction fallacy
Authors: Wabnegger Albert , Gremsl Andreas , Schienle Anne
Published: June 2021

Previous research has shown that people who endorse conspiracy theories are more prone to the conjunction fallacy: the tendency to perceive conjunct events as more probable than constituent events. The present study examined the relationship between specific beliefs (belief in conspiracy theories, religiosity) and the susceptibility to conjunction errors (CEs) in specific domains. A total of 500 participants was presented with brief scenarios from the domains “coronavirus conspiracy,” “miraculous healing,” and a control condition. Each scenario included one statement about a separate event and a second statement about two joint events co‐occurring. The participants estimated the probability of each statement. Results showed that the number of CEs made in the coronavirus domain was only associated with the belief in conspiracy theories, while general religiosity was only associated with CEs for scenarios describing miraculous healings. The assessed beliefs were not associated with CEs made in the control condition. Results suggest that distinct beliefs are uniquely associated with the susceptibility to conjunction errors in particular domains.
Recent Advances in the Direct Functionalization of Isoindolinones for the Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Isoindolinones
Authors: Chen Long , Zou Yun‐Xiang
Published: June 2021

The construction of tetrasubstituted carbon centers (especially chiral ones) represents one of the most challenging and demanding topics in the synthesis of natural products and related drugs. The development of isoindolinones with this feature appears to be of great importance, because 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolinones, which feature all kinds of tetrasubstituted carbon centers, also including spirocyclic and all‐carbon or heteroatom‐containing centers, show a wide spectrum of biological and pharmaceutical activities. Therefore, the synthetic methodologies for preparing these skeletons have received significant attention during the past decade. In general, these strategies can be classified into two major categories, namely the direct functionalization of parent isoindolinones and lactam‐ring‐formation‐involved reactions, depending on whether there is a lactam‐ring‐formation process or not during the production of the final 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolinone. Since the second strategy has been well reviewed, this review mainly summarizes the recent progress in the direct functionalization of parent isoindolinones to construct 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolinones via three subdivided strategies.

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Structure‐Based Programming of Supramolecular Assemblies in Living Cells for Selective Cancer Cell Inhibition
Authors: Hu Liangbo , Li Ying , Lin Xinhui , Huo Yucheng , Zhang Hongyue , Wang Huaimin
Published: June 2021

Here we report on the design, synthesis, and assembly of an enzymatic programmable peptide system inspired by endocytic processes to induce molecular assemblies formation spatiotemporally in living cancer cells, resulting in glioblastoma cell death mainly in necroptosis. Our results indicate the stability and glycosylation of molecules play an essential role in determining the final bioactivity. Detailed mechanistic studies by CLSM, Flow cytometry, western blot, and Bio‐EM suggest the site‐specific formation of assemblies, which could induce the LMP and activate the downstream cell death pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrate that our strategy can boost the activity of commercial chemotherapy drug by escaping lysosome sequestration. We expected this work would be expanded towards artificial intelligent biomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging precisely.
Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming
Authors: Chen Miao , Li Jiajia , Ma Kaiqi , Jin Guoqin , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Jian
Published: June 2021

Polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a key parameter of polymers. Here we present a robust method for controlling polymer MWD in controlled cationic polymerizations. A latent mediator strategy was designed and combined with temporal programming to regenerate mediators at different times during polymerization. Both the breadths and shapes of MWD curves were tuned easily by adjusting an external light source. Bimodal, trimodal, and tetramodal distributions were obtained, and the breadths could be varied from 1.06 to 2.09. Polymers with different MWDs prepared by this method had good chain end fidelity, which was demonstrated with successful chain‐extension experiments. In addition, the introduction of temporal programming with a computer‐controlled single chip for the light source opened an avenue for the use of artificial intelligence in polymer synthesis.
Characterization of response to atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from the IMbrave150 trial
Authors: Salem Riad , Li Daneng , Sommer Nicolas , Hernandez Sairy , Verret Wendy , Ding Beiying , Lencioni Riccardo
Published: June 2021

Background

IMbrave150 is a phase III trial that assessed atezolizumab + bevacizumab (ATEZO/BEV) versus sorafenib (SOR) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical outcomes. Exploratory analyses characterized objective response rate (ORR), depth (DpR), and duration of response (DoR), and patients with a complete response (CR).

Methods

Patients were randomized 2:1 to intravenous ATEZO (1200 mg) + BEV (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks or oral SOR (400 mg) twice daily. Tumors were evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and HCC‐modified RECIST (mRECIST). ORR by prior treatment and largest baseline liver lesion size, DoR, time to response (TTR), and complete response (TTCR) were analyzed.

Results

For both criteria, responses favored ATEZO/BEV versus SOR regardless of prior treatment and in patients with lesions ≥3 cm. Median TTR was 2.8 months per RECIST 1.1 (range: 1.2–12.3 months) and 2.8 months per mRECIST (range: 1.1–12.3 months) with ATEZO/BEV. Patients receiving ATEZO/BEV had a greater DpR, per both criteria, across baseline liver lesion sizes. Characteristics of complete responders were similar to those of the intent‐to‐treat population. In complete responders receiving ATEZO/BEV per mRECIST versus RECIST 1.1, respectively, median TTCR was shorter (5.5 vs. 7.0 months), mean baseline sum of lesion diameter was longer (5.0 [SD, 5.1] vs. 2.6 [SD, 1.4] cm), and mean largest liver lesion size was larger (4.8 [SD, 4.2] vs. 2.3 [SD, 1.0] cm).

Conclusions

These data highlight the improved ORR, DpR, and CR rates with ATEZO/BEV in unresectable HCC.
Cascaded multilevel inverter based on ladder bridges: Analysis, optimization, and implementation
Authors: Aalami Mohammadamin , Hadiizadeh Hassan , Babaei Ebrahim
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a new ladder‐switch based cascaded multilevel inverter that requires a lower number of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and direct current (DC) voltage sources to generate a specified range of voltage levels. Regarding this topology, it consists of λ stages, where each stage comprises k legs, besides each leg composed of n cells. So, the proposed topology can be optimized to obtain the lower requirement for IGBTs and DC voltage sources. It is required to mention that this topology generates both negative and positive voltage levels inherently. Two different algorithms are presented to synthesize all odd and even voltage levels. After, regarding each of the algorithms, the proposed topology is optimized from different aspects of the lowest number of IGBTs or the lowest number of DC voltage sources, and results are depicted. A comparison assessment is performed to find the advantages and possible disadvantages of the proposed topology. In the end, a 23‐level prototype of the proposed topology is used to validate the correct performance of the proposed topology using the experimental results.
Increase in leaf organic acids to enhance adaptability of dominant plant species in karst habitats
Authors: Tang Songbo , Liu Jianfeng , Lambers Hans , Zhang Lingling , Liu Zhanfeng , Lin Yutong , Kuang Yuanwen
Published: June 2021

Estimation of leaf nutrient composition of dominant plant species from contrasting habitats (i.e., karst and nonkarst forests) provides an opportunity to understand how plants are adapted to karst habitats from the perspective of leaf traits. Here, we measured leaf traits—specific leaf area (SLA), concentrations of total carbon ([TC]), nitrogen ([TN]), phosphorus ([TP]), calcium ([Ca]), magnesium ([Mg]), manganese ([Mn]), minerals ([Min]), soluble sugars, soluble phenolics, lipids, and organic acids ([OA])—and calculated water‐use efficiency (WUE), construction costs (CC), and N/P ratios, and searched for correlations between these traits of 18 abundant plant species in karst and nonkarst forests in southwestern China. Variation in leaf traits within and across the abundant species was both divergent and convergent. Leaf [TC], [Ca], [Min], [OA], and CC were habitat‐dependent, while the others were not habitat‐ but species‐specific. The correlations among [TN], [TP], SLA, [TC], CC, [Min], WUE, [OA], and CC were habitat‐independent, and inherently associated with plant growth and carbon allocation; those between [CC] and [Lip], between [Ca] and [Mg], and between [Mg] and [WUE] were habitat‐dependent. Habitat significantly affected leaf [Ca] and thus indirectly affected leaf [OA], [Min], and CC. Our results indicate that plants may regulate leaf [Ca] to moderate levels via adjusting leaf [OA] under both high and low soil Ca availability, and offer new insights into the abundance of common plant species in contrasting habitats.
Automated quantification of live articular chondrocyte fluorescent staining using a custom image analysis framework
Authors: Yang Linjun , Brouillette Marc J. , Coleman Mitchell C. , Kluz Paige N. , Goetz Jessica E.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study was to develop, validate, and implement an image analysis framework to automatically analyze chondrocytes in 3D image stacks of cartilage acquired using a fluorescent confocal microscope. Source specimens consist of viable osteochondral tissue co‐stained with multiple live‐cell dyes. Our framework utilizes a seeded watershed‐based algorithm to automatically segment individual chondrocytes in each 2D slice of the confocal image stack. The resulting cell segmentations are colocalized in 3D to eliminate duplicate segmentation of the same cell resulting from the visibility of fluorescence signal in multiple imaging planes, and the 3D cell distribution is used to automatically define the cartilage tissue volume. The algorithm then provides chondrocyte density data, and the associated segmentation can be used as a mask to extract and quantify per cell intensity of a secondary, functional dye co‐staining the chondrocytes. The accuracy of the automated chondrocyte segmentation was validated against manual segmentations (average IOU = 0.79). When applied to a cartilage surrogate, this analysis framework estimated chondrocyte density within 10% of the true density and demonstrated a good agreement between framework's counts and manual counts (R2 = 0.99). In a real application, the framework was able to detect the increased dye signal of monochlorobimane (MCB) in chondrocytes treated with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) after mechanical injury, quantifying intracellular biochemical changes in living cells. This new framework allows for fast and accurate quantification of intracellular activities of chondrocytes, and it can be adapted for broader application in many imaging and treatment modalities, including therapeutic OA research.
The relations between wear behavior and basic material properties of graphene‐based materials reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Shahemi Nur Hidayah , Liza Shahira , Sawae Yoshinori , Morita Takehiro , Fukuda Kanao , Yaakob Yazid
Published: June 2021

This article aims to investigate the influence of reinforcing graphene oxide (GO) and graphite flakes (GF) fillers into ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for orthopedic application. These fillers were expected to physically bond to UHMWPE, thus can enhance the subsurface strength, improving the wear behavior of the composites. UHMWPE/GO and UHMWPE/GF composites were prepared at 0.1 and 1.0 wt% by melt‐blending, followed by a compression molding technique. A multidirectional pin‐on‐disc wear test was performed to simulate the kinematic of hip application. Whilst getting exposed in the artificial in‐vivo lubricant bath (30 v/v% diluted bovine serum). Following this, the wear mechanism fostered by each filler (GO and GF) was determined by wear features obtained from the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallinity degree and crystal defect were assessed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of fabricated composites were evaluated by using a universal testing machine and Vickers microhardness. We found that UHMWPE/GO has the lowest specific wear rate due to the improved subsurface strength, as the reduction of a weak adhesive point was observed on the worn surface. Meanwhile, higher GF content (1 wt%) in UHMWPE displayed a lower specific wear rate than neat UHMWPE after completing the 10 km sliding distance attributed to the filler resurfaced, responsible for providing a strong resistance of the shear stress applied upon sliding with the metal counterface. Interestingly, the hardness and tensile strength for both UHMWPE/GO and UHMWPE/GF increased, although the crystallinity percentage was declining compared to neat UHMWPE.
Mathematics
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

Here we have chosen to analyse a section from The Cambridge Primary Mathematics.
Websites as Learning Resources for Young Learners
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

Today there is a plethora of Internet sites aimed at young learners.
Multimodal Texts and Literacy in a Digitized World
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

When working with multimodal texts in education the starting point.
Semiotic Modes and Representations of Knowledge
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

When organizing our understanding of the world around us, we use semiotic resources (e.g. Kress 2010). Semiotic resources are resources that we use to organize our understanding of the world and to make meaning in communication with others, or to make meaning for ourselves.
Close Reading of Multimodal Texts—Sample Analyses
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

In the second part of the book we use our model as analytical tool for texts taken from various school subjects.
Big Data Value Creation by Example
Authors: Pazzaglia Jean-Christophe , Alonso Daniel
Published: June 2021

The Big Data Value contractual Public-Private Partnership between the European Commission and the Big Data Value Association (BDVA) was signed in October 2014. Since then, more than 50 projects and numerous BDVA members have explored how data can drive innovation across the data stack and how industries can transform business practices. Meanwhile, start-ups have been working at the confluence of new sources of data (e.g. IoT, DNA, HD pictures, satellite data) and new or revisited processing paradigms (e.g. Edge computing, blockchain, machine learning) to tackle new use cases and to provide disruptive solutions for known problems. This chapter details a collection of stories showing concrete examples of the value created thanks to a renewed usage of data.
Business Models and Ecosystem for Big Data
Authors: Zillner Sonja
Published: June 2021

With the recent technical advances in digitalisation and big data, the real and the virtual worlds are continuously merging, which, again, leads to entire value-added chains being digitalised and integrated. The increase in industrial data combined with big data technologies triggers a wide range of new technical applications with new forms of value propositions that shift the logic of how business is done. To capture these new types of value, data-driven solutions for the industry will require new business models. The design of data-driven AI-based business models needs to incorporate various perspectives ranging from customer and user needs and their willingness to pay for new data-driven solutions to data access and the optimal use of technologies, while taking into account the currently established relationships with customers and partners. Successful data-driven business models are often based on strategic partnerships, with two or more players establishing the basis for sustainable win-win situations through transparent resource-, investment-, risk-, data- and value-sharing. This chapter will explore the different data-driven business approaches and highlight in this context the importance of functioning ecosystems on the various levels. The chapter will conclude with an introduction to the data-driven innovation framework, a proven methodology to guide the systematic investigation of data-driven business opportunities while incorporating the dynamics of the underlying ecosystems.
Innovation in Times of Big Data and AI: Introducing the Data-Driven Innovation (DDI) Framework
Authors: Zillner Sonja
Published: June 2021

To support the process of identifying and scoping data-driven innovation, we are introducing the data-driven innovation (DDI) framework, which provides guidance in the continuous analysis of factors influencing the demand and supply sides of a data-driven innovation. The DDI framework describes all relevant aspects of any generic data-driven innovation and is backed by empirical data and scientific research encompassing a state-of-the-art analysis, an ontology describing the central dimensions of data-driven innovation, as well as a quantitative and representative research study covering more than 90 data-driven innovations. This chapter builds upon a short analysis of the nature of data-driven innovation and provides insights into how to best screen it. It details the four phases of the empirical DDI research study and discusses central findings related to trends, frequencies and distributions along the main dimensions of the DDI framework that could be derived by percentage-frequency analysis.
The Road to Big Data Standardisation
Authors: Walshe Ray
Published: June 2021

This chapter covers the critical topic of standards within the area of big data. Starting with an overview of standardisation as a means for achieving interoperability, the chapter moves on to identify the European Standards Development Organizations that contribute to the European Commission’s plan for the Digital Single Market. The author goes on to describe, through use cases, exemplar big data challenges, demonstrates the need for standardisation and finally identifies the critical big data use cases where standards can add value. The chapter provides an overview of the key standardisation activities within the EU and the current status of international standardisation efforts. Finally, the chapter closes with future trends for big data standardisation.