bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially distributed GIS-realized mathematical model of rainstorm erosion losses of soil
Authors: Svetlitchnyi А. A. , Piatkova A. V.
Published: October 2019

In connection with the wide and ever increasing spread of erosion degradation of agricultural lands in Ukraine, the task of developing mathematical models and methods for calculating water erosion of soils corresponding to the current level of erosion study and the demands of soil protection practices is becoming increasingly important. The article is devoted to the development of a spatially distributed GIS-implemented mathematical model of rainstorm soil erosion, which accounts for most of the annual soil losses (in the Steppe zone, for example, about 90 %). The development of the model is based on the most theoretically and informationally grounded model for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine , “the logical-mathematical model of rainstorm soil outwash” developed by H. I. Shvebs (1974, 1981), as well as the results of theoretical and field studies and mathematical modeling of the slope runoff and water erosion of soil, carried out at the Department of Physical Geography and Environmental Management of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University in the 1990s - 2010s, and also the possibilities of modern geoinformation technologies. For the spatial implementation of the model, a raster model of spatial data and operators of the PCRaster GIS-package (University of Utrecht, the Netherlands) were used, integrated with the Basic programming language into a single system that provides an implementation of the computational algorithm. The developed physical-statistical model of soil erosion-sedimentation takes into account the peculiarities of the formation of slope runoff and soil outwash in conditions of excessive nonstationarity of heavy rainfall, as well as spatial heterogeneity of all major natural and economic factors of water erosion on a slope, including slope steepness, exposure, longitudinal and transverse forms of slopes, soil erodibility, structure of sown areas and anti-erosion measures. Checking the adequacy of the mathematical model was performed using observational data of four experimental catchments ; two runoff plots of the Moldavan water-balance station with total area of 0.08 ha, the Ploska catchment with area of 8.5 ha (Boguslav field experimental base of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute) and the Sukha catchment with area of 63 ha (Veliko-Anadol water-balance station) with observation periods of 17-31 years. Comparison of the calculated average over the catchment area of mean annual values of rainstorm soil losses, with the corresponding values obtained from measurements on these catchments, made on the basis of Nash-Sutcliff efficiency criterion (NS), allowed us to evaluate the quality of the model as good (NS = 0.72).
History of economic development and forest land-use in the Fako-Meme forest region of Cameroon
Authors: Mukete Nayombe Moto Theophilus
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to investigating a number of issues within the forest landscape of the Fako-Meme, south west region of Cameroon. An assessment of the history of economic development and use of forest in the studied territory was carried out. It was observed that the rate at which these forests are been hewn down for various purposes under the pretext of development leaves much to be desired. The deforestation of the forest with the attendant problems of resource degradation, environmental mutation is a cause for alarm. In order to understand the mutations taking place in the forest landscape, the history of forest use in 4 different periods: 1) the pre-colonial era (before the arrival of European explorers), (2) German colonial rule (1884-1916), (3) British colonial rule (1916-1961) and (4) Independence and post Independence Cameroon (1961-present day). It was observed that during the pre-colonial era the forest landscapes were very stable. Forest degradation in the territory started with the introduction of extensive mechanized agriculture introduced by the colonial masters through the opening of large agro-industrial plantations of rubber, palms and bananas. This forest ecological region suffers from a number of challenges. These problems were investigated in detail with proposals made for the sustainable management of forest resources in this forest ecosystem situated in    the heart of the humid tropical region of the South West of Cameroon. These forests provide for a wide range of human needs ; medicine, timber , fuel wood, non- timber forest products (NTFPs), food crop production and cash crop cultivation. The pattern of land-use change in the Fako-Meme region was studied in three distinctive periods (1978, 2000 and 2015). The results revealed that anthropogenic activities have been systematically raping the forest landscapes so that the environments are only a skeleton or shadow of their former selves. This is an ecological region in which forest gives way to farmlands and plantations. In this respect, we see that what was a forest landscape in the past is now consisting of a succession of cocoa farms, palm, rubber as well as other economic cash crop plantations, with cocoa being the most important cash crop in the region. Evidence from our analysis reveals that this region   has lost 42% of its forest cover within the period 1978-2015. This dynamic can be considered catastrophic. If this trend continues uninterruptedly in the region, then in 60-70 years, the Fako-Meme and the slopes of Mount Cameroon will remain without forest. It is easy to imagine the consequences of this. The study calls for urgent adaptive environmental strategies for the sustainable management of forest and its resources in the region.
Potential territorial risk in eastern Ukraine
Authors: Yermakov V. , Lunova О. , Averin D.
Published: October 2019

The research presented here is focused on assessment of potential territorial risk in the East part of Ukraine, where the military conflict has been going on for five years. Such kind of risk can be classed as a complex risk level of hazardous facilities or territories. This study determines the boundaries of territorial risk distribution with defined levels of danger. The practical implementation is reflected in the web-based geographic information system (web-GIS) for displaying environmental information in Donetsk and Luhansk regions in real time. The research defines an opportunity for further practical application of this development considering the military conflict in the Donbas. The Donbas Environmental Information System (DEIS) is an interactive map of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions. It was developed within the framework of the Project “Environmental Assessment and Recovery Priorities for Eastern Ukraine” by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine upon the request of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. The supporting of the system is carried out by the State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management (DEA) of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, in particular the Center for Environmental and Resource Restoration of the Donbas within the framework of the Project of the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine “Assisting the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine in improving environmental monitoring mechanisms”.The main task of this study is to implement the software for collecting, processing and visualization of the information about the environment and factors that may affect it. This will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of environmental management in order to meet the environmental safety requirements in Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
Social and geographical features of the formation of the modern labour market of Ternopil region
Authors: Zastavetska L. B. , Kotsan N. N. , Kotsan R. I. , Dudarchuk K. D. , Zastavetskyi T. B.
Published: October 2019

The article gives a detailed analysis of the processes of formation of the labour resource potential of Ternopil region as a labour excess region. The influence of the demo- graphic component on the formation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour potential is highlighted there. The study of patterns and factors in the formation of labour potential is inextricably linked with research on the labour market, which is the most important element of the market economy. Avail- ability of labour potential brings a certain social and economic sense to the development of labour market, its effective functioning and improvement of the employment system of the population. Since the natural basis of labour potential is the population, a vital com- ponent in guaranteeing the stable and safe development of the state, the problems of optimal demographic development are extremely relevant. The article outlines current problems of unemployment of the population of Ternopil region, in particular young people; the causes of its occurrence are investigated there. It was established that the labour resource potential of Ternopil region is characterized by a high proportion of able-bodied persons, but a low level of employment. The main features of the labour resource potential are the de- crease in its quantity due to the natural reduction of population and migration of able-bodied persons, deterioration of the age structure of the population as a result of “ageing”, changes in the structure of employment in economic activity, narrowing professional structure of workers and imbalance in the labour market. This is a sign of exhaustion of the labour resource potential, which may negatively affect the development of certain sectors of the economy in the future. The research analyzes changes that took place in the structure of employment in the economy, starting from the 1940s up to the present; the consequences of stagnation of a significant number of enterprises in industry, construction and other industries (narrowing professional structure of workers in the economy, etc.) are shown there. The main reasons for the discrepancy between the supply and demand of the labour force in the region (unwillingness to work outside one’s specialty, low salary, low level of qualification of employees) are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the migration of people of working age beyond the region, the main reasons that cause it, as well as the possible consequences for further development of the economy of Ternopil region.
DIALÉTICA E LINGUAGEM EM PLATÃO
Authors: Paviani Jayme
Published: October 2019

Exposição introdutória da dialética dePlatão e estudo da relação dialética e linguagensno diálogo Sofista, e das relações entre dialética eanalítica a partir de alguns aspectos da Carta sobrea Dialética de Carlos R. Cirne Lima.
Evaluation of Crestal Bone Loss Around Straight and Tilted Implants in Patients Rehabilitated by Immediate-Loaded Full-Arch All-on-4 or All-on-6: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Vignudelli Elisabetta , Franco Simonetta , Ghensi Paolo , Malchiodi Luciano , Corinaldesi Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

The aim of this prospective study was to compare implant success rate and crestal bone loss around tilted and straight implants supporting immediate-loading full-arch rehabilitations. Twenty consecutive patients with edentulous jaws treated between June 2013 and July 2015 who satisfied all inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. All patients were rehabilitated through a full-arch restoration supported by 4 or 6 immediately loaded implants. Clinical and radiographic examinations were scheduled every 12 months to evaluate implant success rates and crestal bone levels. Significant differences in crestal bone levels and success rates between straight and tilted implants were investigated by means of independent statistical analysis; differences were regarded as significant if P < .05. Seventy straight and 50 tilted implants were placed to rehabilitate 14 mandibles and 12 maxillae in 20 patients. After a follow-up of 12 to 36 months, survival rate was 97.1% for straight implants and 96.0% for tilted implants; while success rates were 94.3% and 94.0%, respectively. Success and survival rates were not significantly different (P > .05). Change in crestal bone level was 0.5 ± 0.4 mm for straight implants and 0.6 ± 0.4 mm for tilted implants (P > .05). Straight and tilted implants seemed to have similar behavior after immediate loading rehabilitations. After functional loading, straight and tilted implants did not differ significantly in clinical outcome.
Immediate Loading of Unsplinted Implant Retained Mandibular Overdenture: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Kutkut Ahmad , Rezk Mohamed , Zephyr Dominique , Dawson Dolphus , Frazer Robert , Al-Sabbagh Mohanad
Published: October 2019

This clinical study aimed to clinically and radiographically compare the implant survival rate and peri-implant tissue response between immediate and delayed loading protocols for unsplinted implant retained mandibular overdentures. Twenty patients were enrolled to participate in this study. Each subject was randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: test group patients' implants (n = 10), which were immediately loaded, and control group patients' implants (n = 10), which were conventionally loaded. Locator abutments were torqued to 15 Ncm at delivery. Attachments were picked up intraorally immediately after implant placement for the test group and at 3 months for the control group, and 3-lb retention inserts were placed. Marginal bone levels based on cone beam computed tomography fixed reference points were recorded at baseline and 12 months. Modified plaque index, gingival index, and implant stability quotients were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. After 12 months, implant survival rate was 100% in both groups. Marginal bone levels, keratinized mucosa, modified plaque index, and gingival index were significantly different among the groups at 3- and 12-month intervals, whereas no significant differences were found in implant stability quotients between the groups. The fact that implant survival rate was 100% in both treatment groups suggests that, within the limitations of this study, immediate loading protocol for unsplinted implant retained mandibular complete overdenture is as predictable, safe, and successful as the delayed loading protocol. Implementing the immediate loading protocol for mandibular implant retained overdentures could shorten treatment time, which could lead to better patient's satisfaction.
Bacterial Profile and Radiographic Analysis Around Osseointegrated Implants with Morse Taper and External Hexagon Connections: Split-Mouth Model
Authors: Teixeira Mayla Kezy Silva , de Moraes Rego Mariana Ribeiro , da Silva Marcelo Ferreira Torres , Lourenço Eduardo José Veras , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo , Telles Daniel Moraes
Published: October 2019

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate bacterial colonization, marginal bone loss, and optical alveolar density in implants with Morse taper (MT) and external hexagon (EH) connections. Thirty-five implants were installed in 7 patients (mean age: 65.8 ± 6.7 years). Implants were divided into 2 groups, according to platform design: G1 - MT, installed 2mm infra-osseous and G2 - EH, positioned according to Branemark protocol. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), 21 days (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after installations. Bone loss and alveolar density were evaluated by standardized periapical radiographs and bacterial profile with checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0. To present the results, boxplots and a line graph of mean were used. P-values ≤ .05 were statistically significant. After 3 months, alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the G2 (T2-T0: P = .006; T3-T0: P = .003; and T4-T0: P = .005). No significant differences between G1 and G2 groups were observed for optical alveolar density. Microbiological analysis showed similar profiles between studied groups; however, there were significantly higher counts of Tannerella forsythia (P = .048), Campylobacter showae (P = .038), and Actinomyces naeslundii (P = .027) in G1 after 12 months. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there was less peri-implant bone loss in MT compared to EH connections, but microbiological profile did not seem to influence bone changes.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on Stability and Marginal Bone of Narrow Implants Retaining Overdentures in Moderately Controlled Diabetic Patients
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Abdraboh Abdelrahman Elsaid , Aboelnagga Mona M. , Ghali Rami Maher , Lebshtien Ingy Talaat
Published: October 2019

The researchers investigated the influence of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on implant stability and marginal bone of small-diameter implants retaining mandibular overdentures in patients with moderately controlled diabetes. Twenty patients (mean age = 59.32 ± 4.1 years) with moderately controlled diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] = 8.1%–10.0 %) were rehabilitated by maxillary and mandibular conventional dentures. Two small-diameter implants (3 × 12 mm) were inserted in the canine areas of the mandible and immediately loaded by mandibular dentures. In a split-mouth design, LLLI was applied to 1 of the 2 implants in a random order (study group [SG]); the other implant was left as a control (control group [CG]). For each patient, gallium aluminum-arsenide diode low-level laser (940-nm wavelength, 0.50 ± 2 mW output power, 0.004 cm2 spot size; Epic, Biolase, Inc, San Clemente, Calif) was applied around each implant with total delivered energy of 90 J (equally divided by 6 irradiation points) in 3 sessions. The application was done immediately after implant insertion, 3 days and 1 week after surgery. Implant stability (measured by Periotest) and marginal bone loss (MBL; measured by cone beam computerized tomography) were evaluated at implant loading (T1), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12). One implant failed in the CG and no failures occurred in the SG, resulting in 95% and 100% survival rates, respectively. The SG recorded higher Periotest values than the CG at all observation times. However, the difference was significant (P = .039) at T6 only. The SG recorded lower MBL values than the CG. No difference in MBL was detected between groups or peri-implant sites (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) at T6 and T12. Within the limits of this study, LLLI had no effect on marginal bone around immediately loaded small-diameter implants retaining overdentures in patients with moderately controlled diabetes. However, it was beneficial in improving implant stability 6 months after overdenture insertion.
Influence of Implant Inclination and Prosthetic Abutment Type on the Biomechanics of Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Poletto-Neto Victório , Tretto Pedro Henrique Wentz , Zen Bruno Massucato , Bacchi Ataís , dos Santos Mateus Bertolini Fernandes
Published: October 2019

Obtaining parallelism during implant placement is often difficult, leading to inclination of implants. The present study evaluated the stress distribution in 3-unit fixed partial dentures supported by 2 implants with different inclinations and prosthetic abutments. Universal castable long abutments (UCLAs) or tapered abutments were used considering 17° of implant angulation in different directions (mesial, distal, buccal, or lingual). To do so, 3-dimensional finite element models were built and exported to specific analysis software. Forces were applied to the functional cusps. Data were obtained with regard to the maximum principal and von Mises stresses (in MPa). No relevant differences were observed in the stress values in the cortical and cancellous bone nor in the prosthesis with UCLA or tapered abutments. However, a relevant stress reduction in the prosthetic screws of the tilted implant was observed when using UCLA abutments. According to the obtained results, it is possible to suggest that both UCLA or tapered abutments can be used for 3-unit fixed partial dentures when 1 of the implants is tilted. UCLA abutment might lead to less biomechanical problems related to screw loosening or fracture.
Peri-Implant Disease, a Consensus for Treatment: A Case Study
Authors: Caplanis Nick , Kusek Edward , Low Sam , Linden Eric , Sporborg Hamilton
Published: October 2019

The aim of this case report was to find common treatment with the use of laser energy to treat failing implants. This article discusses definition of peri-implantitis and how-to diagnosis peri-implantitis. The article shows a case report of treatment with the use of two different lasers.
Monolithic Zirconia FPD on Modified Titanium Bonding Bases in Limited Interocclusal Distance: A Case Report
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Enkhjargal , Eom Sangho , Jung Ui-Won , Lee Jae Hoon
Published: October 2019

A 62-year-old male patient sought treatment for missing maxillary teeth. A diagnostic cast demonstrated that the interocclusal distance was insufficient. A 5-unit screw-retained implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) was used to restore missing maxillary teeth. The restoration of multiple missing teeth using an implant-supported FPD is challenging when the interocclusal distance is limited due to lack of retention and inadequate esthetics. In this case, a hexagonal, screw-retained, and subgingivally located titanium-based zirconia implant-supported FPD with a conical abutment base was used for restoration to overcome the limited interocclusal distance. This implant-supported FPD, consisting of CAD/CAM-designed monolithic zirconia cemented to a titanium bonding base in the laboratory, is expected to facilitate predictable retention and adequate esthetics as well as provide ease of retrieval.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Greater Palatine Vessel Following Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Segal Joshua , Patel Monika , Woo Henry , Pruitt Rachel
Published: October 2019

Subepithelial gingival connective tissue grafts are a common surgical procedure performed in periodontal and implant surgery. This versatile procedure has many indications including tooth root coverage, thickening of gingiva, and improvement of the quality of the crestal gingiva. Several techniques have been described for graft harvest from the palate. Reported complications from these techniques include pain, inflammation, bleeding, flap necrosis, and infection in the donor site. We report a previously unpublished complication following subepithelial gingival connective tissue graft from the palate: pseudoaneurysm of the greater palatine vessel.
Role of Dental Pathologies and other Anomalies in Forensic Identification of Unknown Human Skeletal Remains: a Review
Authors: Jagmahender Singh Sehrawat  , Deeksha Sankhyan  , Monika Singh
Published: October 2019

Teeth are the most resistant and hardest structures of human body which are usually better preserved than other parts of skeleton and maintain their forensic odontological significance for a comparatively longer period of time. They retain their unique features even in the worst environmental conditions from taphonomic degradations to biological or chemical destructions. They can survive all sorts of natural or man-made disasters and the taphonomic destructions. Besides the unique odontological, molecular and chemical characteristics of teeth; the dental pathologies and structural anomalies also play crucial role in forensic identification of unknown human skeletal remains. The idiosyncratic features like tooth staining/coloration patterns, developmental defects, tooth wear and attritions, dental restorations/implants, cultural tooth modifications, tobacco or nut-chewing signs, occupational stigmas etc., act as valuable adjuncts to forensic examination of teeth found in forensic or bio-archaeological contexts. Dental pathologies and anomalies may reflect the oral hygiene, dietary patterns (like consumption of sweets and sugar, fats, proteins) socio-economic or socio-cultural, and the occupational status of an individual. Present review article presents a brief overview of different dental defects and their putative role in forensic anthropological identification of unknown human remains.
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) v1
Authors: Otto Edgar , C. Berthier Celine , Hoover Paul
Published: October 2019

Previously, RNA sequencing for whole-genome gene expression analysis could only be performed on whole tissue (bulk RNA seq), or microdissected tissue compartments, where gene expression measurements reflect an average across all captured cell types. Single cell RNA sequencing allows the measurement and comparison of gene expression of individual cells and thus capture the previously underappreciated cellular heterogeneity within tissues such as the kidney. Our protocol allows the dissociation of a single kidney biopsy core to a single cell suspension. The total mRNA from each living cell is then captured, uniquely barcoded, and gene expression profiled with RNAseq. Single cell transcriptomics of adult kidney tissue is performed using 10X Genomics droplet-based technology. 10X Genomics technology combines microfluidics with molecular barcoding and custom bioinformatics software (CellRanger). High-throughput single cell transcriptomic measurements enable profiling of individual cell types.
DRBUDDI for MRI Processing v1
Authors: Comrie Courtney
Published: October 2019

This protocol will provide a basic guide to utilizing the DRBUDDI tool in TORTIOSE. Note: Steps may vary based upon image.
RPA DNA Amplification using TwistAmpTM Basic v1
Authors: Gabel Luc , Nass Théo
Published: October 2019

This protocol describes the procedure to perform an RPA DNA Amplification using the TwistAmpTM Basic
Aptamer 1-step conjugation protocol v1
Authors: Fernandez Mendez Jorge
Published: October 2019

Adaptated version of the crosslinking bioconjugation protocol depicted in https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057106292138 publication. The following protocol depicts the steps to follow for proper crosslinking of amino modified DNA aptamers with carboxyl surface functionalized latex beads..
Dynabeads™ Cell Separation v1
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela , Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to separate the aptamers that bind to the cells from the ones that don't. The cells used have a histidin tag that attaches to the beads' streptavidin tag. The beads will then pull the cells and the complex will precipitate. Since the aptamers have high specifity and affinity for particular sequences, those able to recognice the cells will bind to them, being part of the complex. The aptamers that don't recognice the cells, won't bind. This protocol enables to separate aptamers based on their affinity using the target cells. The Dynabeads His-Tag Isolation and Pulldown from ThermoFisher is an already proven system to separate and isolate proteins. We have automatised the system with the Opentrons to separate cells and it worked succesfully. But if you don't have an Opentrons machine, it is also possible to perform a manual protocol as described here.
Aptamer 2-step conjugation protocol (EMD Adaptation) v1
Authors: Fernandez Mendez Jorge
Published: October 2019

The following protocol consist on an aptamer adaptation from Merck for Antibody conjugation protocol to carboxyl modified microparticles.
Magnetic Beads Cell Separation v2
Authors: Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to separate the aptamers that bind to the cells from the ones that don't. The cells used have a histidin tag that attaches to the beads' streptavidin tag. The beads will then pull the cells and the complex will precipitate. Since the aptamers have high specifity and affinity for particular sequences, those able to recognice the cells will bind to them, being part of the complex. The aptamers that don't recognice the cells, won't bind. This protocol enables to separate aptamers based on their affinity using the target cells. The magnetic beads from Promega have proven to be an efficient method to separate proteins. With this variation, we aimed to do a proof of concept and test if we could separate cells efficiently as well. Unfortunately, the method didn't work for us and we weren't able to achieve a good result. We still want to optimize this process, but the protocol that we already developed might help other scientists.
UC Davis - Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test v3
Authors: Lloyd Kent , Grimsrud Kristin
Published: October 2019

Summary: The intravenous glucose tolerance test is used to assess insulin sensitivity, glucose disposal and islet function in vivo by measuring glucose and insulin responses following intravenous glucose administration.
RNAlater Recipe v1
Authors: Malmstrom Rex
Published: October 2019

This is a storage solution that stabilizes and protectsRNA while inactivating RNase
Low-Dose Streptozotocin Induction Protocol (mouse) v2
Authors: Brosius Frank
Published: October 2019

Summary: This protocol is used by DiaComp members to induce diabetes in a number of the animal models developed by the consortium. STZ is toxic to the insulinproducing beta cells of the pancreas and used to induce a diabetes similar to a type I diabetic (Reference). Some reports suggest cellular toxicity outside of the pancreas. STZ also exhibits broad spectrum antibacterial properties and alters the gut microbiota. Please ensure that appropriate controls are included in all studies and complementary models considered (e.g. the Ins2Akita mouse). Diabetic Complications:
Capture of Philaenus spumarius and Cicadella viridis v1
Authors: Appelman Niels
Published: October 2019

This protocol is used to capture spittlebugs (Philaenus spumarius) and Green Leafhoppers (Cicadella viridis)
Transmission assay Cicadella viridis v1
Authors: Appelman Niels
Published: October 2019

This protocol is used to determine whether Cicadella viridis can transmit a bacterium of interest.
Parent-Mediated, Play-Based Counseling Interventions: Use of Affective Engagement to Treat Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children
Authors: Rust Kimberly L. , Thanasiu Page L.
Published: October 2019

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) benefit greatly from a comprehensive counseling approach capable of addressing a myriad of associated symptoms that can vary in presentation from one client to another. Parent-mediated, play-based counseling interventions represent a systemic and empirically supported component to treating children with this disorder. The authors review diagnostic criteria for ASD and highlight valuable elements of parent-mediated approaches that can enhance a child’s social communication by targeting playful interactions. Joyful, affective engagement through play is highlighted as an essential catalyst of social–emotional growth for children with ASD, since this experience of joy creates intrinsic motivation for the child to seek out additional opportunities to play with others. One particular model, the Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Project, is presented along with a composite case study that illustrates a sampling of PLAY techniques. Finally, the authors discuss implications for practitioners and recommendations for future research.
İNSTAGRAM FENOMENLERİNİN GÖRSEL VE SÖZEL PAYLAŞIMLARININ MARKA TUTUMU, MARKA DEĞİŞTİRME VE ELEKTRONİK KULAKTAN KULAĞA PAZALA-MA ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: YILDIZ Emel , AVCI İbrahim
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırmada, İnstagram fenomenlerinin her hangi bir marka ile ilgili olarak
yaptıkları paylaşımlardaki görsel ve sözel içeriklerin, marka değiştirme, marka
tutumu ve elektronik kulaktan kulağa pazarlama niyeti üzerindeki etkisini
belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma örneklemi Y Jenerasyonu olarak bilinen
18-38 yaş aralığında yer alan İnstagram kullanıcıları olarak belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma kapsamında oluşturulan anket formu, 15.11.2018 ile 22.11.2018 tarih
aralığında online olarak 520 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Ancak bazı
katılımcıların İnstagram kullanmaması ve bazı anketlerin eksik ve hatalı
doldurulması nedeniyle 484 anket analize dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler
SPSS 21 ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (AMOS 24) ile analiz edilmiş ve İnstagram fenomenlerinin
görsel içerikli paylaşımlarının marka tutumu, marka değiştirme ve elektronik
kulaktan kulağa pazarlama üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sözel
içerikli paylaşımların ise marka tutumu ve elektronik kulaktan kulağa pazarlama
üzerinde olumlu etkisi tespit edilirken, marka değiştirme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin
olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
AN APPLICATION OF SWOT ANALYSIS AS A STRATEGIC PLANNING TOOL: A CASE OF CADBURY, INC. IN CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY
Authors: HIDIROĞLU Duygu
Published: October 2019

This paper provides
analysis on Cadbury, Inc and confectionery industry. The paper analyzes the external and internal forces
affecting the company, the industry it operates and its business level strategies. Considering the situational features such
as opportunities and threats when designing the environmental analysis and making
realistic marketing plan is very crucial because a company will benefit from its
own strengths, eliminate its weaknesses, benefit from environmental opportunities
and protect itself from environmental threats. On
the simple basis of product quality and taste, Cadbury proves to be superior to
other commercially available chocolate even with the seeming similarities in
texture.

This paper deals with two main
research flows: environmental analysis and situational factors which allows organizations
to compose an effective marketing plan. This study provides a framework that implement
a common consensus on these research flows by specifiying some important issues
for future research and by making effective strategy analysis in the confectionery
industry.
A study of pattern of neonatal infections, socio-demographic correlates; clinical manifestations and bacteriological profile of neonatal infections
Authors: Jena Bijayalakshmi , Behera Satyajit
Published: October 2019

Background: In the newborns one of the leading causes of deaths and disease is septicemia. Classical clinical features are absent which poses a challenge for early diagnosis. Hence to prevent the deaths and diseases it is essential to go for early diagnosis and early treatment. Objective of this study pattern of neonatal infections, socio-demographic correlates; clinical manifestations and bacteriological profile of neonatal infections.Methods: A hospital based follow up study was carried out among total of 140 study subjects with age less than 28 days of life were studied over a period of one year. All these subjects were suspected to have neonatal septicaemia. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination was carried out. Samples were sent for culture and sensitivity. Subjects were followed till the outcome.Results: Among 2.02% was the incidence of the neonatal septicemia. Females were less affected than the males. Late onset septicemia was less common. Chest retraction was the most common clinical manifestation. Culture positivity rate was 44.29%. Gram-negative organisms were detected in 20 cases (64.5%). Case fatality rate was 17.14%. 41 babies (58.6%) affected by septicemia belonged to low socio economic status. 63 babies (90%) were diagnosed to have septicemia, 3 babies (4.28%) were affected by Meningitis, 2 babies were affected by pneumonia. 49 babies (50%) Belonged to Hindu both in case and control group,12 babies (42.9%) belonged to Buddhist in case group, 16 babies in control group.Conclusions: Males were more susceptible compared to the female babies as well those with higher birth weight. Late onset septicemia was less common.
Knowledge, attitude and practice in parents of chronically transfused thalassemic patients regarding thalassemia in thalassemia day care unit in government medical college, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Authors: Kalra Riya Kaur , Kaur Dania , Sodhi Manmeet , Kaur Jasleen
Published: October 2019

Background: Thalassemia is a chronic debilitating disease that affects nearly 200 million people worldwide. A caregiver who has good knowledge regarding the disease can not only provide a better quality of care to his/her ward but also may spread knowledge in the society in which he/she lives which helps immensely in raising community awareness related to the disease.Methods: 50 caregivers (either mother or father) of chronically transfused thalassemic children were questioned regarding their knowledge, attitude and practice towards this disease, using a self-constructed questionnaire.Results: It was found that despite adequate knowledge regarding every aspect of this disease, there is a lack of attitude of practice towards prevention of this disease in their subsequent child or in their near and dear ones.Conclusions: There is a need to promote an attitude of practice in prevention of the birth of thalassemic children as mere knowledge regarding the disease is not enough in the present scenario where the disease burden is increasing as is the financial and emotional burden on the families. Role of Government sponsorship, a social worker and a child psychologist in the Thalassemia day care unit cannot be minimized.
Epidemiological analysis of central nervous system tumors in pediatric patients from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Dwivedi Rinu , Sudhapriya P. , Padmavathi P. , Sharma Vivek , Rameshchandra V. V. , Prasad B. C.M. , Sarma K. V.S.
Published: October 2019

Background: Tumors of the nervous system are the second most common childhood cancer after leukemia. The diagnosis of CNS tumors is challenging due to non-specific symptoms in children which mimic other less serious illness.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of case records of patients from 0-18 years of age, who were diagnosed with CNS tumors for a period of 7 years.Results: Out of total 64 patients included in this study, 32 were females and 24 were males. The mean age was 13.2 years. The most common clinical presentation in patients with brain tumors was headache (92.3%) followed by visual symptoms in the form of blurring or loss of vision (42.3%) and swaying while walking (32.6%). The overall mean symptom interval for all patients was 274.8 days (approx. 9 months) ranging from 7-1820 days. In the present study out of total 64 patients, 54 were brain tumors (35 supratentorial and 19 infratentorial) and 10 were spinal tumors. The most common tumor location was cerebellum (21.8%) followed by cerebral cortex, spine and sellar area. Based on histopathology the most common tumor type in our study was astrocytoma. There was no significant correlation of symptom interval with age and gender but was significantly associated with location and tumor grade.Conclusions: Early referral to centers with appropriate facilities will help, as many pediatric CNS tumors are low grade with better survival.
Hyponatremia in children with severe pneumonia and its effect on overall outcome
Authors: Das Mampy , Narain Bhupendra
Published: October 2019

Background: Severe pneumonia is often associated with dyselectrolytemia, most commonly hyponatremia and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. The present study was conducted to identify the incidence of hyponatremia in children with Severe Pneumonia and to identify its association with Syndrome of Inappropriate secretion of Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) and the effect on morbidity, mortality and duration of hospital stay.Methods: This study was conducted on 102 children between the age group of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the Upgraded Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital with clinically and radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia from March 2017 to September 2018.Results: There were 33(32.4%) cases of hyponatremia out of which 26(25.5%), 5(4.9%) and 2(1.9%) had mild, moderate and severe hyponatremia respectively. 19(57.6%) cases of hyponatremia were due to SIADH out of which the duration of hospital stay was prolonged in 10(52.6%) cases, 10(52.6%) cases developed complications and 7(36.8%) patients died. The mortality of patients with hyponatremia was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group with SIADH when compared to those without SIADH. The average duration of stay in hospital also was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the group with hyponatremia i.e. 8.2±4.5 days when compared to the group with normnatremia i.e. 7.3±1.7 days.Conclusions: Hyponatremia is commonly associated with Severe Pneumonia. Hyponatremia is usually mild and results in prolonged hospital stay, increased complications and mortality especially when associated with SIADH.
A cross-sectional study of the distribution of pediatric solid tumors at an Indian tertiary cancer centre
Authors: Patole Monali Madhukar
Published: October 2019

Background: Pediatric solid tumors include a heterogeneous group of tumors, and the burden of these tumors, especially from resource-challenged countries, is not well described. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of solid tumors in children in an Indian tertiary cancer center.Methods: All patients under 12 years of age with histologically confirmed tumors presenting at a tertiary cancer center from January 2014 to January 2019 were identified from the hospital database. Patients with lymphomas, bone, and central nervous tumors were excluded. The demographic profile including age, sex distribution, and the treatment received were recorded for all patients. Results: The mean age of the eligible 153 patients was 5.7 years with majority (57.3%) in the 0-5 years age group. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1 with a male predominance in all tumors except germ cell tumors. Renal tumors were the most common tumors followed by neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma, whereas germ cell and gonadal tumors formed only 8.49% of all tumors.Conclusions: Extracranial and extraosseous pediatric solid tumors include a wide range of tumors with a predilection for male sex and children below 4 years of age. Wilms tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas tumors are the most common tumors.
Knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers regarding common childhood illness
Authors: Gundluru Muralidhar , Gopal Harisha
Published: October 2019

Background: Since 1990 the global under-5 mortality rate has dropped from 91 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 43 in 2015. But the rate of this reduction in under-5 mortality was insufficient to reach the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction of 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015. Leading causes of death in children under-5 years are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhoea and malaria.Methods: Present study is a cross sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, in JJM Medical College, Davanagere. Source of data was primary caregivers (mothers, fathers, grandparents, other relatives or guardians) of children between the age group of 1 month-5 years. This study is a structured questionnaire based cross-sectional observational study. Data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Out of the 350 primary caregivers, 146(41.71%) were mothers, 97(27.71%) were fathers, 57(16.28%) were grandparents. Taboos and cultural beliefs to ward of illness were commonly practiced among this study group. 26% believed in skin branding their children during febrile episodes or convulsions. 8% believed that ear piercings would prevent diarrhoeal illnesses and infant deaths while 6% felt that amulets prevent respiratory illness and mortality. Overall knowledge among primary caregivers regarding common childhood illnesses was found to be good.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude among primary caregivers regarding common childhood illnesses is favourable but the practices and perceptions are not satisfactory. Improving literacy rates will have a significant impact on reduction of childhood mortality. Socioeconomic development of the urban community can improve care seeking behaviour during the childhood illness.
Clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR TB in children at tertiary medical institute
Authors: Mauskar Anupama Vinayak , Gopan Amrit
Published: October 2019

Background: India is the country with highest burden of TB. There is paucity of data as far as Pediatric TB is concern. TB in children directly reflects intensity of on-going transmission of TB in a given community. This study was done including indoor cases of Pediatric pulmonary TB in a medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in the city of Mumbai. The aim and objectives of this study the clinical profile and outcome of Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis/MDR TB in an indoor setting of a tertiary care center. It was a clinical observational study in a setting of medical college hospital.Methods: All admitted children with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB were included in study. A detailed clinical analysis was done. Statistical Analysis Association between two qualitative data was assessed by Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test for all 2 X 2 tables where Chi-Square test was not valid due to small counts. Comparison of quantitative data measured between two outcomes was done using unpaired t-test. PSPP version 0.8.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Total of 41 patients with pulmonary TB were included in the study, making admission rate of 0.7% of total admission. Three out of 41 children had MDRTB making incidence 7% of total TB patients. Severe acute malnutrition was a major risk factor for dissemination of disease and mortality (p value 0.031and 0.0017).Conclusions: The study estimates 0.7% admission rate and 7% as incidence of MDRTB in indoor patients. Severe malnutrition was found to be risk factor for dissemination of disease [p value 0.031].
A study on screen time use in children between 24 to 60 months of age in Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Shirley S. Alph , Kumar S. Santha
Published: October 2019

Background: This study was done with the objective of finding the average daily duration and pattern of screen time use in children in the age group of 24 to 60 months in the state of Tamilnadu, India and to find the correlation between screen time and demographic parameters.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the state of Tamilnadu, India from June 2019 to August 2019 among 148 children in play school and kindergarten classes in the age group of 24 to 60 months fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Details regarding screen time use were collected from the parents using a predesigned questionnaire and analyzed using suitable statistical methods.Results: A total of 148 children (77(52.0%) male and 71(48.0%) female) were studied. The average daily screen time in the study group was 139.4 minutes (SD: 1.6). Majority of the children had a screen time duration between 61 to 120 minutes (48.6%). Only 14.2% had a screen time of ≤60 minutes as per AAP and WHO recommendations. Majority of the screen time was used to watch children’s entertainment programs and play games (67.6%). 83.1% of the children were using 2 or more screen types. Television and smart phones were the commonest screen types used by children in this age group. The percentage of children with average daily screen time ≤ 60 minutes was found to be more in joint families (16.3%) compared to nuclear families (10%). But this difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation was found between screen time duration in children and age, gender, parent’s socioeconomic status, education and occupation.Conclusions: Increasing screen time activity in early childhood is an emerging problem of the digital age which requires interventions at family, social and healthcare levels.