bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing Redox Reactions of Immobilized Cytochrome c Using Evanescent Wave Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy in a Thin‐Layer Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Powell Hayley V. , Schnippering Mathias , Cheung Michelle , Macpherson Julie V. , Mackenzie Stuart R. , Stavros Vasilios G. , Unwin Patrick R.
Published: July 2010

We report the use of evanescent wave cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (EW‐CRDS) to monitor the reduction by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron(II) complex, [FeEDTA]2−, of an adsorbed layer of oxidized cytochrome c immobilized on fused silica. The adsorption of cytochrome c at the silica–water interface was also probed using EW‐CRDS and found to be in qualitative agreement with previous studies. The reduction of the adsorbed cytochrome c was achieved by using a strategically positioned electrode to electrogenerate FeEDTA2−, which diffused to the silica surface and reduced the cytochrome c. The difference in the absorption spectra of the reduced and oxidized forms of cytochrome c at 400 nm allowed the direct monitoring of the electron transfer in real time. Using finite‐element modelling, the rate constant of electron transfer (ET) between FeEDTA2− and cytochrome c was found to be 4.3(±0.6)×10−9 cm s−1 equivalent to 2.7(±0.4) M−1 s−1. The latter value is considerably lower than previously reported ET rate constants between cytochrome c and FeEDTA2− in solution, which can be attributed to the confinement of the immobilized cytochrome c on the surface and possible effects from molecular crowding. This study highlights the importance of new methods which can be used to study ET at interfaces and opens up the possibility of studying ET to proteins in biologically relevant environments using EW‐CRDS.
Mutated cylindromatosis gene affects the functional state of dendritic cells
Authors: Bros Matthias , Dexheimer Nadine , Besche Verena , Masri Joumana , Trojandt Stefanie , Hövelmeyer Nadine , Reissig Sonja , Massoumi Ramin , Grabbe Stephan , Waisman Ari , Reske‐Kunz Angelika B.
Published: July 2010

Cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) is a ubiquitously expressed deubiquitinating enzyme, which interacts with members of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and attenuates NF‐κB and JNK signaling. Here, we report that DC derived from transgenic mice, which solely express a naturally occurring CYLD isoform (CYLDex7/8), display a higher content of nuclear RelB and express elevated levels of NF‐κB family members as well as of known NF‐κB‐target genes comprising costimulatory molecules and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, as compared with WT DC. Accordingly, unstimulated CYLDex7/8 DC exhibited a significantly higher primary allogenic T‐cell stimulatory capacity than WT DC and exerted no tolerogenic activity. Transduction of unstimulated CYLDex7/8 DC with relB‐specific shRNA reduced their T‐cell stimulatory capacity. Treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone known to inhibit NF‐κB and AP‐1 activity reverted the pro‐immunogenic phenotype and function of CYLDex7/8 DC and re‐established their tolerogenic function. DC derived from CYLD knockout mice showed no functional alterations compared with WT DC. Therefore, although complete loss of CYLD may be compensated for by other endogenous NF‐κB inhibitors, CYLDex7/8 acts in a dominant negative manner. Our findings raise the question of whether genetic defects associated with increased NF‐κB activity may result in disturbed maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
Prevalence of THAP1 sequence variants in German patients with primary dystonia
Authors: Söhn Anne S. , Glöckle Nicola , Doetzer Andrea Duarte , Deuschl Günther , Felbor Ute , Topka Helge R. , Schöls Ludger , Riess Olaf , Bauer Peter , Müller Ulrich , Grundmann Kathrin
Published: July 2010

Primary dystonias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders, but only for two of them, i.e., dystonia 1 and dystonia 6, the disease causing gene has been identified. Dystonia 1 is characterized by an early onset and is caused by a mutation in the TOR1A gene. Only recently, mutations in THAP1 have been shown to be the cause of DYT6 dystonia. We analyzed 610 patients with various forms of dystonia for sequence variants in the THAP1 gene by means of high resolution melting to delineate the prevalence of sequence variants and phenotypic variability. We identified seven sequence variants in patients and one sequence variant in a control. The sequence variants were not detected in 537 healthy controls. Four patients present with generalized dystonia with speech involvement of early onset, another three patients suffered exclusively from cervical dystonia of adult onset. These findings suggest that THAP1 sequence variations seem to be associated with different ages of onset and distribution of symptoms. Consequently, the phenotypic spectrum might be broader than previously assumed. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether s‐triazine)s containing alkyl‐, aryl‐ and chloro‐substituted phthalazinone moieties in the main chain
Authors: Yu Guipeng , Liu Cheng , Wang Jinyan , Xu Jing , Jian Xigao
Published: July 2010

Soluble and heat‐resistant polymers have great potential for use as processable, high‐temperature polymeric materials. In this study, four types of new poly(arylene ether s‐triazine)s containing alkyl‐, aryl‐ and chloro‐substituted phthalazinone moieties in the main chain were prepared through direct solution polycondensation of 2,4‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐s‐triazine with each of methyl‐, phenyl‐ and chloro‐substituted phthalazinones. A key feature of these polymers is the incorporation of phthalazinone and side groups into the poly(arylene ether s‐triazine) backbone to endow them with good solubility while maintaining other attractive properties. The polymers were obtained in high yields, and had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.38 to 0.55 dL g−1. Their structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The polymers were almost amorphous, and soluble in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, pyridine, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, hot N,N‐dimethylformamide and sulfolane. Tough and nearly transparent films obtained by direct solution casting exhibited good mechanical properties. The resulting polymers displayed glass transition temperatures ranging from 255 to 265 °C and thermal decomposition temperatures for 10% mass loss ranging from 476 to 599 °C, according to differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The reactivity of substituted phthalazinones in nucleophilic displacement reactions and the effect of the side groups on the physical properties of the polymers were also investigated. The results obtained revealed that such s‐triazine‐containing polymers possessed good solubility while maintaining acceptable thermal stability and high mechanical strength with the incorporation of alkyl‐, aryl‐ and chloro‐substituted phthalazinone moieties into their backbones, which makes them an attractive series of high‐performance structural materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements of the Mixing, Agglomeration, and Sedimentation of Sucrose Crystals Suspended in Oil
Authors: Yucel Umut , Coupland John N.
Published: July 2010

The structure and properties of solid‐in‐oil dispersions are important in many industrial products, notably chocolate, yet are difficult to characterize by existing methodologies. Sensors based on ultrasonic attenuation measurements offer potential to characterize changes in these systems. Sucrose crystals (d ~ 29.8 μm) were dispersed into corn oil (8–16 wt%) in a stirred tank. The dispersed crystals were agglomerated by the addition of small volumes of water (<1%) and finally allowed to sediment quiescently. The processes were monitored continuously by ultrasonic attenuation measurements (2.25 MHz). Ultrasonic attenuation increased with increasing sucrose crystal concentration and with the degree of agglomeration. Adding water also decreased the equilibrium sediment density and decreased the time taken for the sucrose to sediment out quiescently. Water‐induced agglomeration led to the formation of a few very large particles as inferred from sedimentation kinetics and confirmed by micrometer measurements of crystal agglomerates. In conclusion, ultrasonic attenuation measurements provide a variety of novel approaches that can be used to characterize suspensions of particles in oil.
Enhancement of Oil Extraction from Sumac Fruit using Steam‐Explosion Pretreatment
Authors: Chen Guozhong , Chen Hongzhang
Published: July 2010

Steam explosion, in which materials are crushed through rapid decompression after high‐pressure steaming, has been widely used for biomass pretreatment. In this study, we used steam‐explosion pretreatment (SEP) for oil extraction from sumac fruit. SEP reduced particle size and formed fissures and micropores on the fruit. The kinetics of the extraction process indicates that under optimal conditions (steam pressure 1.5 MPa, residence time 3 min), the oil yield at equilibrium increased to 16.04%, approximately fourfold higher than that of the raw sample. The mass transfer coefficient of the oil extraction decreased as a result of SEP. In addition, the acidity of the extracted oil decreased and peroxide value increased in the steam‐exploded sample compared with that of the raw material. Few changes in fatty acid composition were observed, with low palmitic acid content and high linoleic acid composition. These results suggest that SEP improved the yield of oil extraction from sumac fruit and affected oil quality.
Correspondence between Altered Functional and Structural Connectivity in the Contralesional Sensorimotor Cortex after Unilateral Stroke in Rats: A Combined Resting-State Functional MRI and Manganese-Enhanced MRI Study
Authors: van Meer Maurits PA , van der Marel Kajo , Otte Willem M , Berkelbach van der Sprenkel Jan Willem , Dijkhuizen Rick M
Published: July 2010

This study shows a significant correlation between functional connectivity, as measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuroanatomical connectivity, as measured with manganese-enhanced MRI, in rats at 10 weeks after unilateral stroke and in age-matched controls. Reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity between the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) and ipsilesional sensorimotor cortical regions was accompanied by a decrease in transcallosal manganese transfer from contralesional M1 to the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex after a large unilateral stroke. Increased intrahemispheric functional connectivity in the contralesional sensorimotor cortex was associated with locally enhanced neuroanatomical tracer uptake, which underlines the strong link between functional and structural reorganization of neuronal networks after stroke.
Doping kinetics of organic semiconductors investigated by field-effect transistors
Authors: Maddalena F. , Meijer E. J. , Asadi K. , de Leeuw D. M. , Blom P. W. M.
Published: July 2010

The kinetics of acid doping of the semiconductor regioregular poly-3-hexylthiophene with vaporized chlorosilane have been investigated using field-effect transistors. The dopant density has been derived as a function of temperature and exposure time from the shift in the pinch-off voltage, being the gate bias where current starts to flow. The doping kinetics are perfectly described by empirical stretched exponential time dependence with a saturation dopant density of 1±0.5×1026 m−3 and a thermally activated relaxation time. We show that a similar relationship holds for previously reported kinetics of poly-thienylene-vinylene doped with molecular oxygen.
Relationships between histopathological findings and phylogenetic divergence in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: De Diego J.A. , Palau M.T. , Gamallo C. , Penin P.
Published: July 2010

Problems have been raised by natural genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas’ disease, and other protozoa in terms of both basic and applied science. T. cruzi manifests a great diversity of medical and biological properties which could be the origin of clinical variability in the disease. We propose possible correlations between genetic distances, or phylogenetic divergence, and histopathological data. To ascertain this aspect, 15 cloned stocks pertaining to three major clones or genotypes (19, 20 and 39) were compared. Sets of 24 mice infected with each stock were studied for histopathological lesions. Brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, urinary bladder, bone marrow, colon, kidney and skeletal muscle were extracted from each mouse. Qualitative and quantitative differences showed at histopathological examination. An important encephalic softening was found in brains of most mice infected by genotype 20, corresponding to areas of inflammation and liquified necrosis. Other inflammatory tissue lesions in the histological sections of the three genotypes were similar. Skeletal muscle tropism was higher than cardiac tropism in all the studied genotypes. All three genotypes shared parasite presence in skeletal muscle. Differences related to cardiac tropism were important: in genotype 19, 50% of studied stocks presented pseudocysts; 20% in genotype 20 and 83% in genotype 39. Parasite presence in other tissues was scanty: in brain only in genotype 20 and in spleen and liver only in genotype 39. We found important histopathogenicity differences among the three studied genotypes, but they do not support the hypothesis of zymodeme pathogenic specificity due to the great diversity among stocks within each genotype.
The Hindlimb Muscles of Rhea americana (Aves, Palaeognathae, Rheidae)
Authors: Picasso M. B. J.
Published: July 2010

With 13 figures

The Greater Rhea is the largest cursorial Ratitae bird native to South America. Due to its increasing importance in farming and therefore in the sustainable use of this species, a comprehensive knowledge of their anatomy is essential. The goal of this study was to provide an anatomical description of the hindlimb muscles of Rhea americana. Six adult birds of both sexes were macroscopically studied analysing the origin and insertion of thigh and shank muscles. The thigh showed the highest number of muscles, whereas the shank showed the lowest number; this feature minimizes inertia and allows achieving high stride frequencies. The muscles of the shank showed long tendons of insertion that reduce the energetic cost during running. The major muscles responsible for extension of the hip and the ankle joints were massive and robust indicating their importance for cursorial locomotion. The pelvic limb muscles of Rhea americana resemble those of other cursorial Ratitae and their features are consistent with specialization for high‐speed locomotion.
Evidence for a Role of Protein Kinase C Substrate B‐50 (GAP‐43) in Ca2+‐Induced Neuropeptide Cholecystokinin‐8 Release from Permeated Synaptosomes
Authors: Hens Jacques J. H. , Ghijsen Wim E. J. M. , Dimjati Wati , Wiegant Victor M. , Oestreicher A. Beate , Gispen Willem Hendrik , De Graan Pierre N. E.
Published: July 2010

Abstract: To study the involvement of the protein kinase C (PKC) substrate B‐50 [also known as growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), neuromodulin, and F1] in presynaptic cholecystokinin‐8 (CCK‐8) release, highly purified synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex were permeated with the bacterial toxin streptolysin O (SL‐O). CCK‐8 release from permeated synaptosomes, determined quantitatively by radioimmunoassay, could be induced by Ca2+ in a concentration‐dependent manner (EC50 of ∼10‐5M). Ca2+‐induced CCK‐8 release was maximal at 104M Ca2+, amounting to ∼10% of the initial 6,000 ± 550 fmol of CCK‐8 content/mg of synaptosomal protein. Only 30% of the Caa+‐induced CCK‐8 release was dependent on the presence of exogenously added ATP. Two different monoclonal anti‐B‐50 antibodies were introduced into permeated synaptosomes to study their effect on Ca2+‐induced CCK‐8 release. The N‐terminally directed antibodies (NM2), which inhibited PKC‐mediated B‐50 phosphorylation, inhibited Ca2+‐induced CCK‐8 release in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas the C‐terminally directed antibodies (NM6) affected neither B‐50 phosphorylation nor CCK‐8 release. The PKC inhibitors PKC19–36 and 1 −(5‐isoquinolinylsulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine (H‐7), which inhibited B‐50 phosphorylation in permeated synaptosomes, had no effect on Ca2+‐induced CCK‐8 release. Our data strongly indicate that B‐50 is involved in the mechanism of presynaptic CCK‐8 release, at a step downstream of the Ca2+ trigger. As CCK‐8 is stored in large densecored vesicles, we conclude that B‐50 is an essential factor in the exocytosis from this type of neuropeptide‐containing vesicle. The differential effects of the monoclonal antibodies indicate that this B‐50 property is localized in the N‐terminal region of the B‐50 molecule, which contains the PKC phosphorylation site and calmodulin‐binding domain.
Proteomic identification of proteins differentially expressed by melatonin in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Cho Eun‐Hae , Koh Phil‐Ok
Published: July 2010

Abstract:  Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I‐R) injury induces hepatic dysfunction or failure. Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and a strong antioxidant. Although many studies have demonstrated the protective effect of melatonin in hepatic injury, the molecular mechanisms of this protection are unclear. We identified specific proteins that are differentially expressed by melatonin treatment in hepatic I‐R injury. Adult mice were subjected to 1 hr of ischemia and 3 hr of reperfusion. Animals were treated with vehicle or melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min prior to ischemia and just before reperfusion. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in I‐R group than in sham‐operated group, and these increases were reduced by melatonin treatment. Proteins that were differentially expressed following melatonin treatment during hepatic I‐R injury were detected using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Hepatic I‐R injury induced down‐regulation of glyoxalase I, glutaredoxin‐3, spermidine synthase, proteasome subunit beta type‐4, and dynamin like protein‐1 (DLP‐1). However, melatonin prevented the reductions in these proteins induced by I‐R injury. Among the identified proteins, we focused on DLP‐1, which is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum morphology. Western blot analysis confirmed that melatonin prevents the hepatic I‐R injury‐induced decrease in DLP‐1. These results suggest that melatonin protects hepatic cells against hepatic I‐R injury and that its protective effects involve the regulation of specific proteins.
ENTREPRENEURIAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH ACTIVITY IN FINLAND
Authors: TOHMO T. , LITTUNEN H. , STORHAMMAR E.
Published: July 2010

Audretsch & Feldman (2004) argue that an agglomeration is a collection of localized firms with a common focus. As firms thrive, resources are attracted to the region. They state that, if entrepreneurship serves as a mechanism for knowledge spillovers, measures of entrepreneurial activity should be linked positively to regional growth performance. In Schumpeterian economics the engine of economic development is entrepreneurial innovation. Creative destruction makes way for new innovations and growth. In this study, we simultaneously examine the regional entrepreneurial activity and regional growth activity in Finland. A further aim of the study was to find out if entrepreneurial activity and growth activity also play a deagglomerating role. We find, first, that the indicators used are very well suited to measure the dynamic environment, especially in manufacturing, since the regions with the most dynamic environment were areas with high small-business activity. Furthermore, the study indicates that growth activity should be taken into account when examining regional development by means of the concept of the dynamic environment. Secondly, we find that entrepreneurial activity and growth activity decreases regional specialization, i.e., the regions with the highest regional specialization are characterized by the lowest levels of entrepreneurial activity and growth activity. Our study confirms with Finnish data the findings of Dumais et al. (2002) that new plant births play a deagglomerating role. The results of the study indicate also that growth activity tends to act to reduce regional specialization. As a whole, the results suggest that the regional specialization is the result of a dynamic process in which the combination of plant births and growth act together.
KATZ AND STIRRAT HAND DIAGRAM REVISITED
Authors: Amirfeyz Rouin , Mehendale Sanchit , Tyrrell Sarah , Bhatia Raj , Leslie Ian , Bannister Gordon
Published: July 2010

Katz and Stirrat devised a hand diagram, which uses subjective information from the patient for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). They reported a good result. We tested the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of this hand diagram.

Twenty five consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CTS, 25 with other common hand and wrist problems but CTS and 25 healthy individuals were prospectively recruited. Each patient filled in a hand diagram. Two experienced hand surgeon scored the diagrams blindly on two different sittings four-week apart. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's Kappa were used for intra and inter-observer reliability respectively.

The intra-observer agreement was poor (ICC 95% 0.33–0.65) and inter-observer was fair (Kappa = 0.241).

This study does not support the use of Katz and Stirrat Hand Diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in place if a thorough clinical examination.
AN ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL WIDTH FLEXOR TENDON GRAFT PREPARATION ON PORCINE MODELS: THE OPTIMAL SPLIT?
Authors: Colegate-Stone Toby , Allom Richard , Tavakkolizadeh Adel , Compson John
Published: July 2010

Partial width tendon grafts are commonly used in upper limb reconstructive surgery. Different techniques are described to harvest the graft including a "cheese wire" technique to split the tendon along its fibres with a filament. However no study has looked at the best material for this purpose. Fresh flexor tendons from pigs' trotters were used to analyse the splitting qualities of 11 different suture materials. The qualities assessed were: whether the suture material was successful in splitting the tendon, the average force required to split the tendon and the resulting quality of the spilt tendon graft. Whilst wire sutures produced a high quality of graft, they were awkward to use as they necessitated handling with a holder due to the higher forces required to split the tendon. Fibrewire provided the best result with respect to graft quality and ease of method as it combined the cutting strength of wire with the handling characteristics of a braided suture.
Confluent Thalamic Hyperintensities in CADASIL
Authors: Jacqmin Mathilde , Hervé Dominique , Viswanathan Anand , Guichard Jean-Pierre , During Marco , Dichgans Martin , Chabriat Hugues
Published: July 2010

Background: CADASIL is responsible for diffuse hyperintensities in the white matter on FLAIR images. These lesions are often associated with focal lesions in the basal ganglia such as lacunar infarctions. The prevalence and significance of diffuse or confluent thalamic hyperintensities (CTH) remain unknown. Methods: The frequency of hyperintensities on FLAIR images in the thalamus was assessed in 147 CADASIL patients, and signal abnormalities on both FLAIR and T1-weighted images were categorized as focal/punctuate or diffuse/confluent by the same reader. The areas of increased diffusion were also analyzed on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The association of CTH with vascular risk factors, the main clinical manifestations of the disease and MRI markers (brain parenchymal fraction, volume of white matter hyperintensities, volume of lacunar infarcts and number of microbleeds) was analyzed with generalized linear regression models. Results: CTH were detected in 12% of the CADASIL subjects in association with hypointensities on T1-weighted images. CTH corresponded to areas of increased diffusion on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. CTH were found significantly associated with age and independently related to the volume of white matter hyperintensities but not to that of lacunar infarctions or to cerebral atrophy after adjustment for age and sex. No significant association was found between CTH and global cognitive performances. Conclusion: CTH are observed on FLAIR images in a sizeable proportion of CADASIL patients. They are mainly related to the extent of white matter hyperintensities and do not correlate with cognitive decline. Demyelination and/or loss of glial cells appear to be the most plausible cause of these confluent signal changes in the thalamus.
SUMOylation modulates the function of Aurora-B kinase
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Gonzalo , de Castro Ignacio Pérez , Carmena Mar , Aguirre-Portolés Cristina , Ruchaud Sandrine , Fant Xavier , Montoya Guillermo , Earnshaw William C. , Malumbres Marcos
Published: July 2010

Aurora kinases are central regulators of mitotic-spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Aurora B is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) with crucial functions in regulation of the attachment of kinetochores to microtubules and in cytokinesis. We report here that Aurora B contains a conserved SUMO modification motif within its kinase domain. Aurora B can bind SUMO peptides in vitro when bound to the IN-box domain of its CPC partner INCENP. Mutation of Lys207 to arginine (Aurora BK207R) impairs the formation of conjugates of Aurora B and SUMO in vivo. Expression of the SUMO-null form of Aurora B results in abnormal chromosome segregation and cytokinesis failure and it is not able to rescue mitotic defects in Aurora-B-knockout cells. These defects are accompanied by increased levels of the CPC on chromosome arms and defective centromeric function, as detected by decreased phosphorylation of the Aurora-B substrate CENP-A. The Aurora-BK207R mutant does not display reduced kinase activity, suggesting that functional defects are probably a consequence of the altered localization, rather than decreased intrinsic kinase activity. These data suggest that SUMOylation of Aurora B modulates its function, possibly by mediating the extraction of CPC complexes from chromosome arms during prometaphase.
Biomassa de mudas de pepinos híbridos conduzidos sob ambientes protegidos
Authors: Costa Edilson , Leal Paulo Ademar Martins , Gomes Viviane do Amaral , Machado Daniel , Jara Murillo César de Souza
Published: July 2010

O estudo de oleráceas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, especialmente na região do Pantanal, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento do comércio local e sustentabilidade dos pequenos produtores que circunvizinham as áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido experimento com produção de mudas de pepino, estudando o acúmulo de biomassa aérea e radicular dos híbridos Aladdin F1, Nikkey, Safira e Nobre F1, em diferentes ambientes de cultivo e substratos. O experimento foi realizado em 2007, utilizando três ambientes de cultivo: (A1) estufa plástica; (A2) viveiro telado com sombrite® e (A3) viveiro telado com aluminet®. Foram utilizadas três composições de substratos S1 (solo + fibra de coco); S2 (solo + pó-de-serra) e S3 (solo + composto orgânico). A resposta dos híbridos de pepinos em termos de biomassa seca das mudas dependeu do substrato e do ambiente de cultivo. O substrato "solo e fibra de coco" promoveu maior acúmulo de biomassa na estufa e no viveiro com tela de monofilamento. O substrato "solo e composto orgânico" proporcionou maior biomassa aérea no viveiro com aluminet®. O híbrido 'Safira' acumulou maior biomassa radicular nos telados e no substrato "solo e fibra de coco". O híbrido 'Nikkey' acumulou maior biomassa radicular no viveiro com aluminet® e no substrato "solo e fibra de coco", sem diferir de "solo e pó-de-serra". Os híbridos 'Aladdin F1' e 'Nobre F1' acumularam biomassa radicular similar nos ambientes; 'Aladdin F1' teve maior acúmulo com os substratos "solo e composto orgânico" e "solo e fibra de coco", e 'Nobre F1', maior acúmulo com "solo e fibra de coco", sem diferir de "solo e pó-de-serra".
Boron Requirement for Crimson Clover Seed Production, Its Accumulation in Soils, and Residual Effects on Sensitive Crops1
Authors: Wear John I.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

After each of 4 annual applications on 6 Alabama soils, boron did not accumulate in the surface 12 inches of coarse‐textured soils, but did in fine‐textured soils. Crimson clover seed yield increases were highest with the first 10‐lbs. rate of borax per year on coarse‐textured soils. Four annual 30‐lb. applications on crimson clover were not toxic to soybeans and cotton following the clover.
Cold Resistance in Alfalfa at Two Diverse Latitudes1
Authors: Bula R. J. , Smith Dale , Hodgson H. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cold resistance in very hardy falcateand hardy Ranger alfalfa developed faster and at higher levels at Palmer, Alaska, than at Madison, Wis. The level for nonhardy Arizona Common was very low at both locations. Trends of water‐soluble protein nitrogen appeared to follow those of cold resistance in Ranger and falcate. Arizona Common showed the highest level of total available carbohydrates at both locations; Ranger was intermediate, and falcate lowest.
The Inheritance of Lint Density Index in American Upland Cotton1
Authors: Thurman R. L. , Henderson M. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In three crosses between high and low lint density varieties, lint density index was found to be quantitative in inheritance. Relatively large parent differences appeared to be governed by not more than 5 or 6 pairs of genes. In 2 crosses, heritability estimates of 35 and 43% were obtained from regression of F3 means on F2 plant values. Selection of high fiber density among single plants was found to be highly effective. A relatively high negative association between strength and lint density was found in one cross. Lint density index was highly associated with fiber number.
Selection in Smooth Bromegrass for Resistance to Pyrenophora bromi (Died.) Drechs1
Authors: Emery Donald A. , Dunn Gerald M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Bromegrass strains and varieties differed significantly in reaction to Pyrenophora bromi in the field, but a particular strain or plant tended to react similarly in different years. Agar and grain cultures were used in the greenhouse where significant correlations were found between clone and their open‐pollinated progenies for reaction to P. bromi. Selection for resistance was not effective in nurseries exposed only to natural infection. Field inoculation with infected leaves was easy and effective. A procedure is suggested for screening plants for disease resistance before progeny yield tests are initiated.
A Field Comparison of Eight Phosphate Fertilizers1
Authors: Odland T. E. , Bell R. S. , Salomon M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Differences in yields of corn from different phosphate sources were small, and in nearly all cases statistically insignificant. Fused phosphate produced a significantly higher yield of hay than any other source. Differences in yield from other treatments were insignificant. Regular grade superphosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and dicalcium phosphate produced the highest yields of potatoes; rock phosphate produced only about 60% as high potato yield as these even at double the P2O5 rate. The other materials were intermediate. Tests at the close of the experiment showed the most extractable phosphorus in plots receiving rock phosphate, fused phosphate, or calcium metaphosphate.
Inheritance of the White Seed Character in Alfalfa1
Authors: Oldemeyer Robert K.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

White seed in alfalfa is conditioned by a duplicate set of homozygous recessive genes for colorless and one dominant color inhibitor gene. This gene complex also inhibits anthocyanin production throughout the plant. The distribution of the offspring of a white‐seeded hybrid having pure alfalfa parentage was interpreted as resulting from selective pairing of chromosomes, and that of a white‐seeded hybrid, having as one parent an artificially induced autotetraploid from diploid Medicago falcata, as being the result of random chromosome pairing. These results are taken as evidence that alfalfa is of autotetraploid origin, and has evolved into a functional diploid.
Growth Rates of Oats from Different Test Weight Seed Lots1
Authors: Frey K. J. , Wiggans S. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The test weight of seed oats was found to be positively correlated with the dry weight of seedlings produced. Except in one or two instances the plant weights from light test weight seed reached the same weight as those from heavy seed sometime before maturity. However, in some cases this required until heading time. Oat kernels produced on plants from light test weight seed weighed less than those from the heavy seed.
The Effect of Controlled Limited Moisture on Seedling Growth of Cheyenne Winter Wheat Selections1
Authors: Powell Laverne M. , Pfeifer Robert P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Two generations of Cheyenne winter wheat selections had highly correlated growth rates when the seed was germinated under drouthy conditions. D‐mannitol solutions at 7 and 11 atmospheres tension were used to create the controlled drouth.
Treatment of Corn Seed With Phosphate1
Authors: Guttay J. R. , Stritzel J. A. , Englehorn A. J. , Black C. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The weight of young corn plants in soil cultures in the greenhouse was found to increase with the content of phosphorus present naturally in the seed independently of seed weight. In field experiments, supplementation of the natural phosphorus content of each seed with 6 mg. of P as NaH2PO4·H2O applied in a glue coating resulted in an average corn yield 4.5 bu. per acre above that produced from seed treated with glue alone.
Effect of Nitrogen on Growth, Quality, and Yield of Irrigated Wheat in West Pakistan1
Authors: Wahhab A. , Hussain Iltaf
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Sixty pounds of nitrogen applied at seeding time gave higher yield increases on irrigated wheat than other rate or time of application. Nitrogen did not affect germination, number of spikes per head and number of kernels per spike. It increased highly significantly the number of tillers and mature heads per plant, and weight of 1,000 grains. It also increased nitrogen, moisture and potash content but decreased phosphorus and dry matter percentage. Number of kernels per head and fat and ash content were not affected.
Artificial Drying and Storage of Smooth Bromegrass Seed1
Authors: Grabe Don F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Freshly harvested bromegrass seed containing up to 28% moisture was successfully dried with a field drier in less than 6 hours without lowering viability of the seed. Bromegrass resisted heat injury from temperatures that have been reported harmful to several other grass species. Laboratory studies showed that resistance to heat injury increased with lowered moisture content of the seed. For safe storage, the moisture content of bromegrass seed should be reduced to 12 percent or less soon after harvest.
Nutrient Uptake and Chemical Composition of Tobacco Plants as Affected by the Composition of the Root Atmosphere1
Authors: Harris D. G. , van Bavel C. H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The roots of tobacco plants were subjected to a wide range of simulated aeration conditions. In general nutrient uptake remained relatively constant until oxygen concentrations dropped below 10%. However, a concentration of 5% carbon dioxide apparently stimulated phosphorus uptake.
Incidence of Rust on Irrigated Wheat as Affected by Time of Sowing and Rate and Time of Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Wahhab A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Date of sowing, application of nitrogen and time of application acted independently in affecting the incidence of rust in wheat. Date of sowing had no effect on rust incidence. Time of nitrogen application affected incidence of rust only at the low levels of infection. Application of nitrogen increased the incidence of rust significantly.
Pollen Tube Growth, Fertilization and Early Development in Avena sativa1
Authors: Brown Charles M. , Shands H. L.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Pollen germinated and tubes entered the style within 5 minutes after pollination of common oats, Avena sativa. The tube passed between cells of the conducting tissue near the center of style and into the ovary. The male generative nuclei were near the egg nucleus and polar nuclei within 30 minutes. Within 4 hours the male gamete had entered the egg. The fertilized egg was in prophase 13.5 hours after pollination and a two‐celled proembryo was observed 19 hours after pollination.
Influence of Various Legumes on the Yields of Succeeding Corn and Wheat and Nitrogen Content of the Soil1
Authors: Doll E. C. , Link L. A.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

The application of ground limestone in every instance resulted in significant increases in the yields of corn and wheat. The yields of corn and wheat following soybeans were much lower than those following the other legumes. Lespedeza compared very favorably with the clovers. The yields in all cases tended to increase throughout the duration of the experiment. Except for a decrease on the plots on which soybeans were grown for hay, soil nitrogen was maintained at, or near, the original level.
An Undergraduate Seminar in Agronomy1
Authors: Ronningen T. S.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

The undergraduate seminar in agronomy at the University of Maryland has been divided into two phases. One phase consists of individual presentations of current agronomic topics with liberal provisions for critical discussions and class analyses of the presentations. In the other portion of the seminar, career opportunities, including those associated with graduate work, have been discussed with representatives of industry, government, and the University.
Quality Characteristics of Two Pairs of Isogenic Lines of Wheat1
Authors: Atkins I. M. , Finney Karl F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Paired isogenic lines, differing in one case in the presence or absence of awns and in the other in seed coat color, were compared in quality characteristics over a 3 year period in Texas and in regional nurseries. Within the limits of measuring quality now available, the pairs were identical. However, the awned segregate averaged 0.52 pound greater in test weight.
Genetic Recombinations in a Hybrid Involving Three Species of Gossypium1
Authors: Lewis Charles F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The F2 and F3 progenies of Gossypium arboretum‐thurberi‐hirsutum were extremely variable in plant habit, seed cotton production, and all lint properties. There is an opportunity to develop from this material new combinations of lint length, strength, and fineness which should be stabilized into relatively true breeding stocks and later used in a breeding program to improve the quality of cotton.
The Culture of Rice on Organic Soils—A World Survey1
Authors: Green Victor E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

According to recent literature organic soils are being used more widely to grow rice. Unusual problems have arisen and much progress is being made toward their solution. The advantages and disadvantages of organic soil as a medium for rice are given also. The effects of rice culture on the peat are presented.
Potassium Fertilization of Ladino Clover1
Authors: Brown B. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In a 6‐year experiment, smaller, frequent applications of KCI were much more effective in maintaining the stands and yields of a Ladino clover‐orchard grass seeding than larger, less frequent doses.
The Inheritance and Influence of a Dominant Chlorophyll Deficient Character in Wheat1
Authors: Jensen Neal F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A chlorophyll deficient character, inherited as a simple dominant, reduced yield, height, and 1,000‐kernel weight in segregates from a cross with Yorkwin winter wheat. Reductions which were statistically significant were approximately 13% for yield, 4% for height, and 5% for 1,000‐kernel weight.
Selection for Yield in Bulk Hybrid Soybean Populations with Different Plant Spacings1
Authors: Weber Charles R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Selection of single plants superior for yield and constant maturity was practiced in drilled 4‐ and 8‐inch plant spacings from 6 bulk hybrid soybean populations. The progenies of these selections evaluated in replicated drilled plantings showed no yield, height nor lodging differences among spacings within crosses. Phenotypic selection in drilled plantings resulted in slightly later maturity in final evaluations than did selection in wider plant spacings.
Recognition of Extra‐Curricular Activities1
Authors: Pendleton John D
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Education depends on at least three basic principles (1) understanding, (2) application, and (3) attitude. Attitude is the ingredient that is most out of focus. Emphasis on striving for excellence, rigor of thinking, thoroughness, and on acceptance of the idea that man cannot attain perfection through environment is needed. Extra‐curricular activities provide a way of testing some of the principles and ideas gained in the classroom. Positive institutional policy defining, emphasizing and reflecting such attitudes in all phases of extra‐curricular activities would give meaning and direction to these critical activities.
A Comparison of Grass‐Legume Mixtures and Grass Under Irrigation as Pastures for Yearling Steers1
Authors: VanKeuren R. W. , Heinemann W. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In irrigated pasture studies with yearling steers, grass‐legume mixtures produced greater beef yields per acre and higher average daily gains than grasses. Cattle that grazed the grass‐legume pastures attained a higher degree of finish than those on the grass pastures. The ability of alfalfa to withstand grazing was shown by the high percentage of this legume in the pastures at the end of 3 years of grazing.
Spring Wheat Production in Taiwan1
Authors: Shen T. H. , King Y. K.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Taiwan, a sub‐tropical island, grows early varieties of spring wheat from November to the middle of February as a catch crop after harvesting two crops of rice per annum. The average yield of wheat amounted to 25 bushels per acre in 1956.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake From Fertilizer Bands 1. Effect of Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Uptake of Band‐Placed Phosphorus at Different Soil Phosphorus Levels1
Authors: Miller M. H. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Placement of nitrogen fertilizer caused a relative increase in the feeding power of the root system on the band‐placed phosphorus. Nitrogen had a greater influence when mixed with the phosphorus than when placed in a band 3 to 4 inches from the phosphorus band. The influence was nearly independent of the soil phosphate level when the nitrogen was mixed with the band phosphorus, but was not independent of the soil phosphate level when the nitrogen was separated from the phosphorus band.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Symptom Development, Nitrogen Content and Nitrogen Uptake of Spring Wheat Infected With Barley Stripe Mosaic1
Authors: Army T. J. , McNeal F. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen fertilization generally increased visual disease symptoms in eight spring wheat varieties infected with barley stripe mosaic and grown in irrigated plots. The nitrogen content of the diseased plants was higher than that of the non‐diseased, and was not affected by nitrogen fertilization. Diseased plants, because of lessened growth, absorbed less soil and fertilizer nitrogen.
Factors Affecting Yield and Quality of Dryland Grasses1
Authors: Stitt R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of 7 species of grass were highly correlated with April–May precipitation (2.24 to 6.18 inches) during an 8‐year period. Ladak alfalfa grown with crested wheatgrass increased total yields during the last 5 years of an 8‐year period, owing possibly to nitrogen contributed by the alfalfa. Fifty pounds of nitrogen and 20 pounds P2O5 applied to 8‐year‐old stands increased yields of all species and mixtures. Renovation decreased yield during the treatment year and increased yields the year following.
Varietal Differences in Survival of Alfalfa Seedlings Infested With Spotted Alfalfa Aphids1
Authors: Hackerott H. L. , Harvey T. L. , Sorensen E. L. , Painter Reginald H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa varieties in the seedling stage varied widely in percentages of survival following infestation with spotted alfalfa aphids. Alfalfas of Turkistan origin generally ranked highest. Resistant plants may be selected from most varieties tested as indicated by the increased survival of polycross progenies of plants surviving seedling infestation. Greenhouse results are indicative of field reaction to natural infestation at least in the seedling stage at relatively high temperatures.
Effect of Depth of Placement of Exchangeable Ammonium‐nitrogen on Rice Paddy1
Authors: Wahhab A. , Azim M. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Placement of exchangeable NH4‐N (NH4‐clay) at 2 inches below the surface gave highest yields of paddy grains and total dry matter. Deeper placements induced the vegetative growth more than grain formation. The difference in yields of surface application and 2‐inch placement was not significant.
A Comparison of the Pedigree and Bulk Methods of Breeding Soybeans1
Authors: Torrie James H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

No significant differences in plant height, lodging index, bacterial blight reaction, oil and protein content of the seed and iodine number of the oil were found between the mean response of soybean lines developed by the pedigree and bulk methods. With two exceptions, in which the bulk lines showed superiority, mean seed yields also were similar for the two methods of breeding. The mean maturity of lines were similar for the two methods of breeding with the exception of the early group in which the bulk lines were four days later.
Inheritance of Hydrocyanic Acid Production in Crosses Between Sorghum and Sudangras1
Authors: Carlson Irving T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Low HCN was associated with the following simply inherited characters: green striped −1, golden −1, golden −2, yellow leaf tip, single seeded spikelets, Chiltex leaf spot, and normal green as contrasted with green striped −2 in Tift × 15. Pleiotropy seemed more likely than linkage to explain several of the associations. High HCN was associated with stem coarseness in several progenies. Low HCN was dominant in the F1 of crosses involving line 109.
Forage and Root Growth of Five Sweetclover Varieties and Their Influence on Two Following Corn Crops1
Authors: Pumphrey F. V. , Koehler F. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Spanish, Evergreen, and Madrid sweetclovers differed little in dry matter production and nitrogen content in first‐ and early second‐year growth and exceeded common white only in first‐year growth. Hubam produced more forage, but contained no more nitrogen per acre. The biennial varieties did not differ appreciably in quantity of roots per acre. Nearly 90% of the roots were in the top foot. Nitrogen content of the roots decreased with increasing depth.
Variations Among Seedlots of Certified Ladino Clover and Other White Clovers1
Authors: Jackobs J. A. , Hittle C. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Differences in plant size, flowering, winter survival, and leafhopper damage in Ladino and white clover seedlots indicated that the system of seed certification, from which the Ladino lots were selected, was inadequate to insure that all seedlots were the same genetically. Larger plants flowered later in the season than smaller plants. Numerous leafhopper‐resistant plants were found in the comparatively susceptible Ladino. There was a positive correlation of fall vigor with petiole diameter, winter survival, and leafhopper damage.