bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Id, Ego and Super Ego in Stevens’ Personality
Authors: Sagar Vyas
Published: April 2023

The mixing of literary theory or criticism with many different literary texts is one of the most interesting changes in the field of research in the modern era. In modern times, literary theory's critical lens is used more and more to explain how a wide range of texts should be read. This trend has become increasingly widespread. The conduct of research in the modern era necessitates innovation; specifically, this refers to the procedure by which a specific theory infiltrates the territory of something that is referred to as a "text." The turbulent times of the post-war period made the 1960s an ideal time for the emergence of the theory of psychoanalysis, along with two of its father figures, Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. This period was perfect for its emergence when taking the 1960s into account. This theory vividly depicted the complexities of the mind and the repercussions of thoughts, and most importantly, it captured what would have otherwise remained hidden: the complexities of human nature. The problems that are associated with the human mind are, without a doubt, the most important ones in psychoanalysis, despite the fact that numerous other issues have established themselves as important components of the theory of psychoanalysis. The novel The Remains of the Day, written by the renowned Japanese author Kazuo Ishiguro, who was born in Japan and won the Nobel Prize, exemplifies, without a doubt, the complexities that are associated with the main character of the book, Stevens, the butler. This book has traditionally been classified as either post-imperial or post-colonial, which has resulted in the inherent presence of the theory of psychoanalysis being relegated to a secondary role in critical discourse. There are a lot of events that take place in the book that seem to point in the direction of this theory. With the help of psychoanalytical theory, the purpose of this paper is to make an attempt to bring to light the inner thoughts that were going through the mind of Butler Stevens. This paper will adhere to the hypothesis that this novel can, in fact, be read in a manner that is comparable to that of a psychoanalytic novel
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP Regarding Knowledge of Preventive Measures on COPD Among Old Age People in Selected Village Rohtas Bihar
Authors: Sudha Patel  , Sudhanshu Kumar  , Sudhir Kumar  , Dipu Kumar
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: COPD is a chronic airway limited disease as characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. The more familiar terms ‘chronic bronchitis’ and ‘emphysema’ are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis. COPD is not simply a “smoker’s cough” but an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease. According to WHO report that the 3.29 million of people suffer with the COPD death, in nearly 90% of COPD death in those under 70 years of age occur in developing countries. The most cause of COPD the including environmental exposure to tobacco, smoke, indoor air pollution and occupational dusts, fumes, and chemicals are important risk. The early is most common treatment of COPD economic preventable management is quite smoking, and is needed to slow the progression of symptoms. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people. METHODOLOGY: The pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was conducted at Takiya, Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar from 6/2/23 to 10/2/23. The conceptual framework utilized in this study was based on General System theory of “Ludwig von Bertalanffy”. A self-structured questionnaire method was used to assess the pre-test level of knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar by adopting probability random sampling technique. Immediately after pre-test STP was implemented just after the implementation post-test was conducted by using same questionnaire method. The result was analyzed. RESULTS: Before implementation of STP the knowledge level of old age people, (32) had poor knowledge, (28) had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar and the pre-test mean knowledge score was. After implementation of STP the knowledge level of old age people, none of them had poor knowledge, (31) had average level of knowledge and (29) had good knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people in selected village Rohtas Bihar. The post-test mean score (14.72) of knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people were comparatively more than their pre-test mean knowledge score (7.98). It confirms that, there was increase in knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people after the administration of STP. CONCLUSION: At last, as a researchers, we concluded that there is increase in knowledge of preventive measures on COPD among old age people after implementation of STP and there is no association between variable and sociodemographic variables.
Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alwashahi Yousuf , Al-Bahrani Mayar , Almoqbali Ahmed , Alajmi Asma
Published: April 2023

We report a rare case of a middle-aged Omani woman who was known to have primary antiphospholipid syndrome, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. Cannulation attempts caused bulla which progressed to ulceration. A pathergy phenomenon with high suspicion of pyoderma gangrenosum was postulated. Management with corticosteroids, cyclosporin, and finally ustekinumab, a novel biologic agent, yielded a beneficial response.
Comparative Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Quantification of Coating Weathering, Long-Term Immersion, and Salt Spray Test Outcomes
Authors: Martinez Sanja , Šoić Ivana , Golub Valentino , Hudec Bojan
Published: April 2023

In the present study, we repeatedly used the surface-applied paste electrolyte cell to record the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra of four coating systems with different barrier properties exposed to different environments. The absence of a liquid electrolyte allows direct recording of the electrolyte-unaltered coating response to environmental stressors. Exposures included humidity between 23% and 95%, temperatures between 10°C and 50°C, 720 h of ISO 9227 neutral salt spray (NSS), 1 y in mild continental urban climate, and for comparison, 3 y of ISO 16773 3.5% NaCl immersion. The coatings showed significantly different temperature susceptibility of impedance revealing two temperature ranges with activation energies corresponding to ionic conductivity below 20°C and conductivity influenced by polymer chain movements above 30°C. Impedances measured for intact coatings or impedances calculated from the assumed range of dielectric constant and coating thicknesses can be used as references. The EIS outcome of the laboratory tests and the time- and temperature-resolved EIS responses under atmospheric exposure were compared with the reference impedances of the coatings. Mild continental climate exposure at temperatures <35°C and immersion at 23±2°C yielded better barrier performance for the two solvent-based coating systems compared to the two waterborne systems of comparable thickness and number of layers. The NSS test that proceeds at 35°C yielded better performance of both solvent-based coatings over the waterborne coatings, regardless of the thickness. EIS quantification of barrier performance, which excludes the influence of the liquid electrolyte, has provided insight into the temperature effect on the barrier behavior of the coatings under nonaccelerated and accelerated exposures and the final coating rating.
ENSINANDO O ESPORTE A PARTIR DO PONTO DE VISTA FEMINISTA
Authors: Silva Bruna Saurin , Martins Mariana Zuaneti
Published: April 2023

Ao longo do século XX as mulheres foram impedidas ou desincentivadas à prática de esportes, entretanto, nas últimas décadas, essa participação vem crescendo. Esse crescimento deve-se a esforços institucionais recentes, os quais, todavia, não são acompanhados pelos esforços acadêmicos e científicos. Propomos então, pensar a problemática da participação esportiva das mulheres sob a ótica dos estudos feministas, tendo como objetivo revisitar as epistemologias feministas que corroboram para a reflexão. Como resposta, destacamos a necessidade de: outorgarmos a capacidade das meninas em agenciar soluções relacionadas a sua prática esportiva; distanciarmos dos discursos que as colocam como problema a ser resolvido dentro dos esportes; promover uma difusão do poder, envolvendo, sobretudo, uma participação heterogênea dentro desses espaços; e trabalhar a partir do prazer e da autonomia como mecanismos do jogar.
O OLHAR DE PROFESSORES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS SOBRE AS CONCEPÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NA BNCC
Authors: Liz Luiza Oliveira de , Benites Larissa Cerignoni
Published: April 2023

O objetivo foi apresentar a compreensão da Educação Física na Educação Infantil na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis e Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC. Realizou-se análise documental de cinco documentos da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis, da BNCC e entrevista semiestruturada com professores de Educação Física da Educação Infantil. Aponta-se como resultados que existe aproximação conceitual sobre Educação Física entre documentos da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis e os discursos dos professores, naquilo que concerne a um viés mais crítico da área. Contudo, notou-se distanciamento da BNCC, pois não aborda a Educação Física na Educação Infantil e, quando há aproximação, dirige-se à dimensão da educação do corpo físico e biológico, algo não presente na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis e depoimentos. Estas compreensões levam a ponderar sobre interpretações presentes nos documentos, nos discursos dos professores, sendo necessário debate e atenção da Educação Física na Educação Infantil para não perder avanços pedagógicos e nem deslegitimar a trajetória histórica e coletiva da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis.
NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH TRẠNG KIỂM SOÁT GLUCOSE MÁU VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ Ở NGƯỜI ĐÁ I THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÝP 2 CÓ PHẪU THUẬT BẮC CẦU NỐI CHỦ VÀNH
Authors: Tạ Ngọc Lan , Nguyễn Khoa Diệu Vân , Đỗ Đình Tùng
Published: April 2023

Bệnh mạch vành là một trong những nguyên nhân chính gây tử vong của bệnh lý tim mạch  đặc biệt trên bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2. Phẫu thuật bắc cầu chủ vành là một phương pháp điều trị bệnh động mạch vành đã được chứng minh có hiệu quả rất tích cực. Tuy nhiên, vấn đề kiểm soát đường huyết trước, trong và sau cuộc mổ vẫn chưa có nhiều số liệu sáng tỏ. Nghiên cứu 21 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán đái tháo đường týp 2 có bệnh lý động mạch vành được chỉ định phẫu thuật bắc cầu nối chủ vành tại Bệnh viện Tim Hà Nội cho thấy: glucose máu trung bình trước phẫu thuật bắc cầu chủ vành là 8,51±3,54 mmol/L, HbA1C trung bình là 7,77 ± 2,78 %, đường máu trung bình 3 ngày đầu sau phẫu thuật tại khoa hồi sức ngoại là 11,2±2,15 mmol/L, đường máu trung bình trước ăn 7 ngày tiếp theo là 9,17±2,65 mmol/L. Như vậy, tình trạng kiểm soát đường máu ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường týp 2 có bắc cầu chủ vành, sau phẫu thuật chưa được tối ưu.
Contribution of Logistics Cooperation to Effective Disaster Relief Operations in Addressing Pandemics in Tanzania
Authors: Rutaba Yohana Arsen
Published: April 2023

The research aimed to identify the crucial aspects of humanitarian organizations that can improve the effectiveness of disaster relief operations. The study involved 150 participants from Tanzanian humanitarian organizations and used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including questionnaires and interviews. The researchers employed multiple regressions to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings indicated that coordination among stakeholders and vertical logistics cooperation can enhance the effectiveness of disaster relief operations. The study concluded that the efficiency of humanitarian logistics is crucial for disaster relief operations and recommended that the government prioritize public-private partnerships, develop reliable infrastructure, and empower logistics service providers and humanitarian organizations. The study could guide policymakers in developing frameworks to improve cooperation among stakeholders and logistics systems in disaster relief operations. Additionally, it adds to the existing knowledge on stakeholder theory and strengthening the humanitarian logistics systems.
A Large-scale Validation of Snowpack Simulations in Support of Avalanche Forecasting Focusing on Critical Layers
Authors: Herla Florian , Haegeli Pascal , Horton Simon , Mair Patrick
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Avalanche warning services increasingly employ large-scale snow stratigraphy simulations to improve their insight into the current state of the snowpack. These simulations contain information about thin, persistent critical avalanche layers that are buried within the snowpack and are fundamental drivers of avalanche hazard. However, the data volume, data complexity, and unknown validity have so far limited the value of the simulations for operational decisions. We attribute this at least partially to a lack of research that validates the simulations for their capability to represent the existence and instability of known critical layers at the regional scale. To address this knowledge gap, we present methods that enable meaningful comparisons between regional assessments of avalanche forecasters and snowpack simulations that are distributed across entire forecast regions. We applied these methods to operational data sets of ten winter seasons and three public forecast regions in western Canada and thereby quantified the performance of the Canadian weather and snowpack model chain to represent persistent critical avalanche layers. We found that the overall probability of detecting a known critical layer in the simulations can be as high as 75 % when accepting a low probability of 40 % that any simulated layer is actually of operational concern in reality. Furthermore, we explored patterns that characterize which layers were represented well and which were not. Faceted layers, for example, were captured well but also caused most false alarms, whereas surface hoar layers tended to be less prevalent but in return were mostly of operational concern when modeled. Overall, our results suggest that the simulations provide a valuable starting point for targeted field observations as well as a rich complementary information source that can help alert forecasters about the existence of specific critical layers or provide an independent perspective on their instability. However, we do not believe that the existing model chain is sufficiently reliable to generate assessments purely based on simulations. We conclude by presenting our vision of a real-time operational validation suite that can help forecasters develop a better understanding of the simulations' strengths and weaknesses by continuously comparing assessments and simulations in a user-friendly manner.
Environmental conditions in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic during the HALO–(AC)³ campaign
Authors: Walbröl Andreas , Michaelis Janosch , Becker Sebastian , Dorff Henning , Gorodetskaya Irina , Kirbus Benjamin , Lauer Melanie , Maherndl Nina , Maturilli Marion , Mayer Johanna , Müller Hanno , Neggers Roel A. J. , Paulus Fiona M. , Röttenbacher Johannes , Rückert Janna E. , Schirmacher Imke , Slättberg Nils , Ehrlich André , Wendisch Manfred , Crewell Susanne
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The airborne field campaign HALO–(AC)³ took place from 07 March to 12 April 2022 and was designed to observe the transformation of air masses during their meridional transport in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic. We evaluate the meteorological and sea ice conditions during the campaign based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), satellite data, and atmospheric soundings with respect to climatology and describe special synoptic events. HALO–(AC)³ started with a warm period (11–20 March) where strong southerly winds prevailed that caused moist and warm air intrusions (MWAIs). Two MWAIs were detected as Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Compared to the ERA5 climatology (1979–2022), record breaking vertically integrated poleward heat and moisture fluxes averaged over 75.0–81.5° N were found. The related warm and moist air masses reached the central Arctic, causing the highest rainfall rates over the sea ice northwest of Svalbard recorded since the beginning of the ERA5 climatology. Subsequently, the cold period of HALO–(AC)³ started after the passage of a Shapiro–Keyser cyclone on 21 March when the wind regime turned to northerlies, advecting colder air into the Fram Strait. Until 08 April, marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) prevailed, including two strong MCAO events on 21–26 March and 01–02 April. In between, aged subpolar warm air was advected to the Fram Strait with northeasterly and easterly winds. On average, the campaign period was warmer than the climatology, especially due to the exceptionally strong ARs during the warm period. In the Fram Strait, the sea ice concentration (SIC) was within the 10–90th percentiles of the climatology over the entire campaign duration. During the warm period, SIC was strongly reduced and an untypically large polynya for this season opened north of Svalbard. During the cold period, the polynya was closed again and above average SICs were found. We describe the environmental conditions of a Polar Low and far north reaching cirrus in detail, which will be subjects of research using HALO's remote sensing suite in the future. We also present the perspective on the HALO–(AC)³ weather conditions from the research site Ny–Ålesund, where orographic effects caused by the Svalbard archipelago and temporal shifts of atmospheric signals due to the propagation of synoptic systems must be taken into account. Overall, our study may serve as basis for future analyses of the data collected during HALO–(AC)³ and to compare synoptic conditions with other field campaigns.
A high-frequency, long-term data set of hydrology and sediment yield: The alpine badland catchments of Draix-Bléone Observatory
Authors: Klotz Sebastien , Le Bouteiller Caroline , Mathys Nicolle , Fontaine Firmin , Ravanat Xavier , Olivier Jean-Emmanuel , Liébault Frédéric , Jantzi Hugo , Coulmeau Patrick , Richard Didier , Cambon Jean-Pierre , Meunier Maurice
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Draix-Bléone critical zone observatory was created in 1983 to study erosion processes in a mountainous badland region of the French Southern Alps. Six catchments of varying size (0.001 to 22 km2) and vegetation cover are equipped to measure water and sediment fluxes, both as bedload and suspended load. This paper presents the core dataset of the observatory, including rainfall and meteorology, high-frequency discharge and suspended sediment concentration and event-scale bedload volumes. The longest records span almost 40 years. Measurement and data processing methods are presented, as well as data quality assessment procedures and examples of results. All the data presented in this paper is available on the open repository https://doi.org/10.17180/obs.draix (Draix-Bleone Observatory, 2015) and a 5-year snapshot is available for review at https://doi.org/10.57745/BEYQFQ (Klotz et al, 2023).
Direct dating of overprinting fluid systems in the Martabe epithermal gold deposit using highly retentive alunite
Authors: Muston Jack , Forster Marnie , Vasegh Davood , Alderton Conrad , Crispin Shawn , Lister Gordon
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Martabe gold deposits in Sumatra formed in a shallow
crustal epithermal environment associated with intermediate mafic intrusions
adjacent to an active right-lateral wrench system. Gas/fluid temperatures
reached 200–350 ∘C. The structural geology suggests episodic
switches in stress orientations during a Plio-Pleistocene seismotectonic
evolution. Different mineralisation events may have been associated with
oscillations in this earthquake cycle, so samples containing alunite were
collected for 40Ar / 39Ar geochronology to constrain the timing.
39Ar diffusion experiments were performed to constrain variation in
argon retentivity. The age spectra were produced by incremental step-heating
with heating times chosen so similar percentages of 39Ar gas release
occurred during as many steps as possible. This ensured the detail necessary
for analysis of the complex morphology of these spectra by applying the
method of asymptotes and limits, which enabled recognition of different
growth events of alunite in overprinting fluid systems. It was possible to
provide estimates as to the frequency of individual events and their
duration. The heating schedule also ensured that Arrhenius data populated
the inverse temperature axis with sufficient detail to allow modelling.
Activation energies were between 370–660 kJ mol−1. Application of Dodson's
recursion determined closure temperatures that range from 400–560 ∘C for a cooling rate of 100 ∘C Ma−1. Such estimates
are higher than any temperature to be expected in the natural system, giving
confidence that the ages represent the timing of growth during periods of
active fluid movement and alteration: a hypothesis confirmed by modelling
age spectra using the MacArgon program. We conclude that gold in the Purnama pit
resulted from overprinting fluid rock interactions during very short
mineralisation episodes at ∼2.25 and ∼2.00 Ma.
Climate change impacts on regional fire weather in heterogeneous landscapes of Central Europe
Authors: Miller Julia , Böhnisch Andrea , Ludwig Ralf , Brunner Manuela I.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Wildfires have reached an unprecedented scale in the Northern Hemisphere. The summers of 2021 and 2022 demonstrated the destructive power of wildfires especially in Northern America and Southern Europe. Global warming indicates that fire seasons will become more extreme and will extend to more temperate regions in northern latitudes in the future. Multiple studies claim that natural variability hides the trend of increasing fire danger in climate model simulations for future potentially fire-prone areas. Single Model Initial-Condition Large Ensembles (SMILEs) help scientists to distinguish climate trends from natural variability. So far, the SMILE framework has only been applied for fire danger estimation on a global scale. In this study, we use a regional SMILE of the Canadian regional climate model version 5 (CRCM5-LE) over Central Europe under the RCP 8.5 scenario from 1980 to 2099, to analyze fire danger trends in a currently not fire-prone area. We use the meteorological Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) as a fire danger indicator. The study area covers four heterogeneous landscapes, namely the Alps, the Alpine Foreland, the lowlands of the Southern German Escarpment and the Eastern Mountain Ranges of the Bavarian Forest. We demonstrate that the CRCM5-LE is a suitable dataset to disentangle climate trends from natural variability in a multivariate fire danger metric. Results show the strongest increases in the median (50th) and extreme (90th) percentile of the FWI in the northern parts of the study area in the summer months July and August, where high fire danger becomes the median condition and extremes occur earlier in the fire season. The southern parts of the study region are affected less strongly, but due to weaker variability in these regions, time of emergence (TOE) is reached there in the early 2040’s. In the northern parts, the climate change trend exceeds natural variability in the late 2040’s. We find that today’s threshold for a 100-year FWI event, will occur every 30 years by 2050 and every 10 years by 2099. Our results highlight Central Europe’s potential for severe fire events from a meteorological perspective and the need for fire management in the near future even in temperate regions.
Superstatistical analysis of sea surface currents in the Gulf of Trieste, measured by HF Radar, and its relation to wind regimes, using the maximum entropy principle
Authors: Flora Sofia , Ursella Laura , Wirth Achim
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Two years (2021–2022) of High Frequency Radar (HFR) sea surface current data in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) are analysed. Two different time scales are extracted using superstatistical formalism: a relaxation time and a larger timescale over which the system is gaussian. A new analytical universality class of Probability Density Functions (PDFs) is proposed for ocean current data combining a gaussian PDF for the fast fluctuations and a convolution of exponential PDFs for the slowly evolving variance of the gaussian. The Gaussian PDF has maximum entropy for real-valued variables with a given variance. If a positive variable, as is a variance, has a specified mean, the maximum entropy solution is an exponential PDF. Here it is the sum of two exponentials, reflecting the two spatial degrees of freedom. In the Gulf of Trieste there are three distinct main wind forcing regimes: Bora, Sirocco and low wind, leading to a succession of different sea current dynamics on different time scales. The universality class PDF successfully fits the observed data over the two observation years and also for each wind regime separately with a different variance of the variance PDF, which is the only free parameter in all the fits.
From gigawatt to multi-gigawatt wind farms: wake effects, energy budgets and inertial gravity waves investigated by large-eddy simulations
Authors: Maas Oliver
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The size of newly installed offshore wind farms increases rapidly. Planned offshore wind farm clusters have a rated capacity of several gigawatts and a length of up to 100 km.
The flow through and around wind farms of this scale can be significantly different than the flow through and around smaller wind farms on the sub-gigawatt scale. A good understanding of the involved flow physics is vital for accurately predicting the wind farm power output as well as predicting the meteorological conditions in the wind farm wake. To date there is no study that directly compares small wind farms (sub-gigawatt) with large wind farms (super-gigawatt) in terms of flow effects or power output. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by providing this direct comparison by performing large-eddy simulations of a small wind farm (13 km length) and a large wind farm (90 km length) in a convective boundary layer, which is the most common boundary layer type in the North Sea. The results show that there are significant differences in the flow field and the energy budgets of the small and large wind farm.
The large wind farm triggers an inertial wave with a wind direction amplitude of approximately 10∘ and a wind speed amplitude of more than 1 m s−1. In a certain region in the far wake of a large wind farm the wind speed is greater than far upstream of the wind farm, which can be beneficial for a downstream located wind farm. The inertial wave also exists for the small wind farm, but the amplitudes are approximately 4 times weaker and thus may be hardly observable in real wind farm flows that are more heterogeneous. Regarding turbulence intensity, the wake of the large wind farm has the same length as the wake of the small wind farm and is only a few kilometers long.
Both wind farms trigger inertial gravity waves in the free atmosphere, whereas the amplitude is approximately twice as large for the large wind farm. The inertial gravity waves induce streamwise pressure gradients inside the boundary layer, affecting the energy budgets of the wind farms.
The most dominant energy source of the small wind farm is the horizontal advection of kinetic energy, but for the large wind farm the vertical turbulent flux of kinetic energy is 5 times greater than the horizontal advection of kinetic energy. The energy input by the gravity-wave-induced pressure gradient is greater for the small wind farm because the pressure gradient is greater. For the large wind farm, the energy input by the geostrophic forcing (synoptic-scale pressure gradient) is significantly enhanced by the wind direction change that is related to the inertial oscillation. For both wind farms approximately 75 % of the total available energy is extracted by the wind turbines and 25 % is dissipated.
Automatic Essay Scoring Systems Are Both Overstable And Oversensitive: Explaining Why And Proposing Defenses
Authors: Kumar Yaman , Parekh Swapnil , Singh Somesh , Li Junyi Jessy , Shah Rajiv Ratn , Chen Changyou
Published: April 2023

Deep-learning based Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) systems are being actively used in various high-stake applications in education and testing. However, little research has been put to understand and interpret the black-box nature of deep-learning-based scoring algorithms. While previous studies indicate that scoring models can be easily fooled, in this paper, we explore the reason behind their surprising adversarial brittleness. We utilize recent advances in interpretability to find the extent to which features such as coherence, content, vocabulary, and relevance are important for automated scoring mechanisms. We use this to investigate the oversensitivity (i.e., large change in output score with a little change in input essay content) and overstability (i.e., little change in output scores with large changes in input essay content) of AES. Our results indicate that autoscoring models, despite getting trained as “end-to-end” models with rich contextual embeddings such as BERT, behave like bag-of-words models. A few words determine the essay score without the requirement of any context making the model largely overstable. This is in stark contrast to recent probing studies on pre-trained representation learning models, which show that rich linguistic features such as parts-of-speech and morphology are encoded by them. Further, we also find that the models have learnt dataset biases, making them oversensitive. The presence of a few words with high co-occurrence with a certain score class makes the model associate the essay sample with that score. This causes score changes in ∼95% of samples with an addition of only a few words. To deal with these issues, we propose detection-based protection models that can detect oversensitivity and samples causing overstability with high accuracies. We find that our proposed models are able to detect unusual attribution patterns and flag adversarial samples successfully.
DIGITAL TRACES, SOCIAL RESIDUES: USAGE AS SELF-REPRESENTATION ON LIFESTYLE APPS
Authors: Butkowski Chelsea Paige , Bimo Sara , Bhandari Aparajita
Published: April 2023

Self-representation is ubiquitous in digital spaces, but much of the existing literature discussing it is focused on social media contexts. Self-representation involves the creation of media traces that record users’ presence and existence through media, but these traces and the platforms that circulate them do not have to be explicitly or directly social. We study self-representation in alternative digital contexts: lifestyle apps focused on ambient usage behaviors that are generally private, personal, or invisible in online spaces. These apps incorporate social features based on displays of user data—streams repurposing users’ engagement with the platform as social displays to networked friends. The three apps of interest include the payment app Venmo, music streaming app Spotify, and fitness tracking app Strava. We study these apps through a combination of “walkthroughs” of each of the platforms and interviews with users. Our findings suggest that these platforms repurpose individual user behaviors as digital residues in social streams, transforming them into networked self-representations. Within this process, we expect that some users intentionally mobilize their engagement with the apps as social performances. Ultimately, this study raises questions about digital self-making, commodification, and platform sanctioned sociality beyond social media.
HYBRID CONSTELLATIONS: EXAMINING SOCIAL MEDIA’S ROLE IN THE MONTREAL LESBIAN SOCIAL SCENE
Authors: Duguay Stefanie , Chartrand Alex , Trépanier Anne-Marie
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the role of social media in the definition and organization of lesbian sociocultural landscapes. Building from geographical studies that identify how lesbians’ dispersion across cities counters heteropatriarchal occupations of space, the study is anchored within Montreal/Tiohtià:ke to identify local approaches to visibility and gathering. This angle is combined with digital scholarship that considers how mobile technologies, platforms, and apps give rise to hybrid arrangements that merge physical and digital practices of socialization. These lenses are applied to interviews with representatives from organizations and individuals who use digital technologies to connect lesbians online and across physical space, such as for hosting parties, outdoor activities, and other social gatherings. Preliminary findings show that their use of social media facilitates negotiations of visibility and togetherness while posing definitional challenges. As Montreal’s lesbian networks have become dispersed across the city, multiple modes of communication–from email newsletters to social media–enable meeting across urban space. However, social media pages, events, and accounts necessitate the production of images and text that reflect static definitions of these organizations, the events, and their target audiences. Altogether, we find that social media is a focal tool, among others, to support lesbians’ networked social arrangements but that platforms lack affordances for the fluidity that is integral to ever-fluctuating lesbian/queer identities, locations, and temporalities.
EFFECTIVE DESIGN FOR TRUST BY CENTERING DISABLED USER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Herdegen Hanna , Wittkower D.E.
Published: April 2023

While conducting multidisciplinary research, spanning engineering, social sciences, and humanities, on Internet of Things device (henceforth, IoT) adoption and use within disability communities, the authors noticed differences in the conceptualization and operationalization of “trust” across practical and disciplinary settings in the context of data privacy and IoT devices. We seek to present a conceptualization of trust which we believe, when pursued earnestly by designers, will be most broadly and universally effective in generating trust among users.

In this presentation, following a review of conceptualizations and operationalizations of trust in a data privacy context, we will present a critique and reformulation of “trust” that centers marginalized perspectives, focusing most of all on disabled experience but also seeking to decenter privileged perspectives and keep experiences of BIPOC, LGBTQ+ persons, and women closely in view. Since power is most visible at the margins, centering marginalized perspectives is most likely to find the outlines and structures of power, and design centered on marginalized experiences is likely to be more universal than is a focus on privileged experiences even when supplemented with post hoc and ad hoc accommodations. We conducted this analysis from the frameworks of disability studies, phenomenology and postphenomenology, and feminist ethics of care.
RULE BY DEFAULT: A CROSS-PLATFORM ANALYSIS OF PRIVACY SETTINGS
Authors: Horne Chelsea Leigh
Published: April 2023

Privacy settings are a critical space of research. Settings are uniquely positioned at the intersection between users and digital platforms and regulation, providing a visible privacy architecture (unlike backend privacy infrastructure and code) as well as an opportunity for users to interact with privacy choices (unlike terms of service and privacy policy documents which offer only all-or-nothing options). This paper examines the structural power relations and hierarchies inherent within privacy settings. We address the conference theme of decolonizing the internet through a comprehensive analysis of privacy controls, a critical site of power for the “new colonising forces in the form of multinational tech giants who are re-fashioning the world in their own image” (#AoIR2022 CFP).

This paper applies a theoretical framework of science & technology studies (STS) to analyze the affordances of social media platforms’ privacy settings. Further, we apply Ian Bogost’s theory of procedural rhetoric to examine how platforms apply “the art of using processes persuasively” (Bogost, 2007). We conduct a comparison study of privacy settings across the most popular social media platforms: Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, WeChat, Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, Pintrest, Twitter, and Reddit. The purpose of this qualitative analysis is to examine how privacy is presented to users. How does each platform define privacy? Where do they locate different kinds of privacy settings? What kinds of privacy choices are offered? How do these choices differ? How a platform designs their choice architecture for privacy shapes a user’s understanding of what privacy is and means.
LEVERAGING AI-BASED INTERVENTIONS TO ADDRESS CYBERBULLYING AMONG CHILDREN: A RIGHTS-BASED PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Milosevic Tijana , Verma Kanishk , Vigil Samantha , Carter Michael , Staksrud Elisabeth , Davis Brian , O'Higgins Norman James
Published: April 2023

One in three Internet users worldwide are children, and yet children are still insufficiently consulted on Internet governance-related matters as well as with respect to safety design decisions in online environments. Following the adoption of the general comment on the application of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in digital environments, this article presents the results of empirical research that solicited children’s input on proposed design of artificial intelligence-based interventions into cyberbullying incidents on popular social media platforms. The article presents the results from interviews and focus groups with 12–17-year-old children from Ireland regarding desirability and effectiveness of proposed interventions; as well as how these affect their rights to safety, privacy and freedom of expression.
FACT CHECKING THE PANDEMIC IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH: CORRECTION STRATEGIES BY LATIN AMERICAN AND AFRICAN META FACT CHECKERS
Authors: Montaña-Niño Silvia , Riedlinger Michelle , Watt Net , Joubert Marina , García-Perdomo Víctor
Published: April 2023

Much of the professional fact-checking activities that were once conducted by political journalists and news media during electoral periods or political debates, or what Luengo and Garcia-Marin (2020) call fact checking of top-down claims, now focus on assessing dis/misinformation emerging from social media users, or bottom-up claims. Between 2019 and 2021, the number of fact-checking organizations rose substantially in three key regions of the world (Asia: 35 to 75; Africa: 9 to 19; and Latin America: 18 to 38) (Stencel & Luher, 2021). To further address the recognised need for bottom-up fact checking, Meta recently added 28 fact-checking organizations to their funded partnership program (Facebook, 2021) and opened up access to their detection and engagement measurement tools (Full Fact, 2020). This new fact-checking infrastructure has made the geopolitics of dis/misinformation more visible globally because fact checkers can monitor online spread in near real time. This study investigates the Facebook communication of domestically produced fact checks of Covid-19 vaccine misinformation by Meta’s third party fact checkers. Specifically, we investigate the Covid-19 vaccine fact checks that Meta-affiliated fact checkers in the so-called Global South have selected and how they are packaged for dissemination on Facebook.
CONNECTING IN CAPE YORK: EXPLORING DIGITAL INCLUSION AND ACCESS FOR LOW INCOME INDIGENOUS FAMILIES
Authors: Rogers Jessa , Marshall Amber , Osman Kim
Published: April 2023

Our presentation will discuss how our team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous developed a unique Indigenous research methodology to increase understanding of the digital inclusion challenges faced by low income Indigenous families living on Mornington Island, a remote Aboriginal community in remote Queensland, Australia. We discuss our methodology and findings of how low income Mornington Island Aboriginal families use the internet to access government and social services, education, e-health and e-commerce. This project employs Indigenous methodologies including yarning, participant photography, and co-design workshops to inform policies, practices and programs. Our results are interpreted within the growing body of decolonizing methodologies and Indigenous research, methods and methodologies. Informed by Martin’s (2009) Relatedness Theory, our data is considered through Aboriginal ways of being, doing and knowing, with Aboriginal axiology, epistemology and ontology forming a window through which we observe, analyse and interpret data. In this presentation, we will discuss how we as a blended research team:

• facilitated Indigenous involvement in the research (starting with the development of the research concept and design)

• engaged strongly with with Indigenous research and literature, both academic and community-based to interpret data and findings

• engaged with and developed Indigenous methodologies to ensure the effectiveness and appropriateness of this research and

• represented Indigenous authors and voices in analysis and communication of research results
SUPREMACY OF SYMBIOSIS? THE GENDERED AFFORDANCES OF EMBODIED TECHNOLOGY DESIGN
Authors: Wissinger Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

How do gendered power structures colonize wearable tech and biodesign practice? This paper contends that it is not just the practitioner’s gender, but the gender of the practice itself, that affects the sense of the body being designed for, as well as design goals.

Drawing on participant observation and interview data from the wearable tech and biodesign communities, this analysis explores the concrete effects of symbolic gender dichotomies on wearable tech and biodesign practices and outcomes. Extending critical race and technology studies’ claim that design settings’ lack of diversity can lead to biased outcomes, it looks at the lack of diversity in design methods, especially regarding gendered design practices, such as sewing or knitting, in the realm of embodied technology. It examines gendered assumptions in both digital wearable tech, and biodesign, which incorporates living organisms into its function, such as weaving conductive protein nano-wires into mushroom grown textiles. The paper shares three key findings. First, gendered meanings in personnel encounters affected who is considered an expert; female engineers and designers told of having to dress and talk like a man to be taken seriously. Second, less value is accorded to ‘feminine’ ways of making such as knitting, even though these practices can create more cooperative, comfortable, less harmful user/device interactions. Finally, mapping feminine and masculine-oriented design concerns and practices onto post-human or trans-human frameworks, reveals how masculine associated techno/supremacist ideals contrast with feminist informed symbiotic interdependencies between user and technology, which produce designs that envision a more equitable technological future.
Public Investment, Technological Innovations, and Environmental Degradation: Asymmetric ARDL Approach
Authors: Ullah Saif , Ur Rahman Saif , Rehman Chaudhary Abdul
Published: April 2023

Environmental degradation is the biggest problem for the entire world and especially for developing countries which are already facing many problems and challenges and the environmental problem is one of them. That’s why the present research scrutinizes the different factors which are affecting the environmental condition. However, the examination of the unequal effects of public investment, technology, and other controlled variables on environmental destruction in Pakistan is the main goal of the current study. The study uses the asymmetric (NARDL) technique with data from 1971 to 2021. Also, the study's findings indicate that the economy sampled produced varied outcomes. The study's findings, however, support the existence of an asymmetric (NARDL) relationship in Pakistan between public investment, ICT, economic expansion, sustainable sources, and environmental damage. Moreover, the existing study scrutinized nonlinearities that are missing in previous studies and showed some misleading inferences. Furthermore, this research examined at how technology, state investment, and other controlled variables affected Pakistan's environment in asymmetric ways. The study's findings also suggested that lawmakers adopt some laws that would urge the federal government to spend its money on carbon-free or low-carbon initiatives in order to maintain a sustainable environment.
BIOPLÁSTICO PROVENIENTE DO AMIDO DA BATA-DOCE E APRIMORAMENTO PARA IMPEDIR FORMAÇÃO DE BOLHAS
Authors: Richard da Silva Del Vecchio Gabriel
Published: April 2023

Muito se fala pela busca por alternativas para minimizar o consumo de produtos plásticos derivado de fonte não renovável, na qual a maioria das vezes são descartados de forma inadequada, lembrando que o plástico derivado do petróleo pode demorar para se decompor, acarretando vários problemas socioambientais. Neste contexto, a utilização do bioplástico proveniente de uma fonte renovável, pode ser uma alternativa para diminuir estes problemas. O amido natural na presença de um plastificante, submetidos a determinadas condições de temperatura e pressão, se funde, transformando em amido termoplástico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo obter um bioplásticos proveniente do amido batata-doce e realizar testes qualitativos de resistência, flexibilidade, textura, degradação e evitar formação de bolhas no produto final. Por meio de testes, concluiu que se houver formação de bolhas no material, o mesmo torna-se quebradiço, irresistente e inflexível.
Regional observatory of physical fitness in children and adolescents in Southern Italy: A thirty-year comparison between 1990-2020
Authors: Monacis Domenico , Colella Dario , Kolimechkov Stefan
Published: April 2023

International literature showed that lower physical activity levels are associated with a progressive decline in physical fitness levels in children and adolescents over the past decades. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess trends in physical fitness levels among young adolescents in Lecce (Apulia region, Italy) comparing motor performances in 1990 and 2020. The sample consisted of 107 children attending the secondary school in Lecce in 1990, and 118 children attending secondary school in the same province in 2020, divided according to gender and BMI cut-off (normal weight and overweight/obese). Physical fitness assessment included standing long jump, medicine ball throw 2kg, 30-m dash and Cooper endurance running proposed both in 1990 and 2020. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare motor performances (1990 vs 2020) according to gender and BMI, and on total sample according to BMI; chi-square test was carried out to underline differences between Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese distribution in 1990 and 2020, and linear regression analysis was executed to investigate the variance in motor test explained by BMI, both in 1990 and 2020 groups.  Results showed that: (a) sample in 1990 performed significantly better than those in 2020 in all of the above physical fitness test, independently for gender and BMI cut-off, (b) the percentage of overweight obese children has increased significantly from 1990 to 2020, and (c) BMI is a key factor influencing almost all motor performance in 2020.