bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of EMT Gene Signature in Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Wu Licun , Yoshihara Kosuke , Yun Hana , Karim Saraf , Shokri Nastaran , Zaeimi Fatemeh , Man H. S. Jeffrey , Zia Amin , Felley-Bosco Emanuela , de Perrot Marc
Published: February 2023

Malignant mesothelioma (MESO) consists of epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid subtypes with different epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes. We previously identified a panel of four MESO EMT genes correlating with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor survival. In this study, we investigated the correlation between these MESO EMT genes, the immune profile, and the genomic and epigenomic alterations to identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse the EMT process. Using multiomic analysis, we observed that the MESO EMT genes were positively correlated with hypermethylation of epigenetic genes and loss of CDKN2A/B expression. MESO EMT genes such as COL5A2, ITGAV, SERPINH1, CALD1, SPARC, and ACTA2 were associated with upregulation of TGF-β signaling, hedgehog signaling, and IL-2-STAT5 signaling and downregulation of the IFN-α and IFN-γ response. Immune checkpoints such as CTLA4, CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), PDCD1 (PD-1), and TIGIT were upregulated, while LAG3, LGALS9, and VTCN1 were downregulated with the expression of MESO EMT genes. CD160, KIR2DL1, and KIR2DL3 were also broadly downregulated with the expression of MESO EMT genes. In conclusion, we observed that the expression of a panel of MESO EMT genes was associated with hypermethylation of epigenetic genes and loss of expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. Expression of MESO EMT genes was associated with downregulation of the type I and type II IFN response, loss of cytotoxicity and NK cell activity, and upregulation of specific immune checkpoints, as well as upregulation of the TGF-β1/TGFBR1 pathway.
The Na+/H+ Exchanger NHX1 Controls H+ Accumulation in the Vacuole to Influence Sepal Color in Hydrangea macrophylla
Authors: Zhang Gaitian , Yuan Suxia , Qi Hui , Chu Zhiyun , Liu Chun
Published: February 2023

Hydrangea macrophylla is popular for its unique physiological characteristics and changeable colors. Previous studies have shown that the pH of the vacuoles of the sepal cells of hydrangea affects the color of the sepals. Located on the vacuolar membrane, NHX1 is an important H+ proton pump that drives the exchange of metal ions. This proton pump affects the physiological environment by controlling the accumulation of H+ in the vacuole. In hydrangea, the HmNHX1 gene has an open reading frame of 1626 bp and encodes a total of 541 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that HmNHX1, which encodes a Na+/H+ exchanger, is located on the vacuolar membrane. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the expression of this gene in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The ion flux in the vacuoles of colored hydrangea in the treatment group and the control group were measured, and the results showed that HmNHX1 was indeed a Na+/H+ exchanger. When the results of the HmNHX1 expression analysis and ion flux measurements are combined, it can be seen that HmNHX1 regulates the accumulation of H+ in the vacuole, ultimately affecting the color of the plant.
Current and Future Habitat Suitability Models for Four Ticks of Medical Concern in Illinois, USA
Authors: Kopsco Heather L. , Gronemeyer Peg , Mateus-Pinilla Nohra , Smith Rebecca L.
Published: February 2023

The greater U.S. Midwest is on the leading edge of tick and tick-borne disease (TBD) expansion, with tick and TBD encroachment into Illinois occurring from both the northern and the southern regions. To assess the historical and future habitat suitability of four ticks of medical concern within the state, we fit individual and mean-weighted ensemble species distribution models for Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and a newly invading species, Amblyomma maculatum using a variety of landscape and mean climate variables for the periods of 1970–2000, 2041–2060, and 2061–2080. Ensemble model projections for the historical climate were consistent with known distributions of each species but predicted the habitat suitability of A. maculatum to be much greater throughout Illinois than what known distributions demonstrate. The presence of forests and wetlands were the most important landcover classes predicting the occurrence of all tick species. As the climate warmed, the expected distribution of all species became strongly responsive to precipitation and temperature variables, particularly precipitation of the warmest quarter and mean diurnal range, as well as proximity to forest cover and water sources. The suitable habitat for I. scapularis, A. americanum, and A. maculatum was predicted to significantly narrow in the 2050 climate scenario and then increase more broadly statewide in the 2070 scenario but at reduced likelihoods. Predicting where ticks may invade and concentrate as the climate changes will be important to anticipate, prevent, and treat TBD in Illinois.
Advances in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Van Schependom Jeroen , D’haeseleer Miguel
Published: February 2023

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of physical and cognitive disability across the globe, currently affecting approximately 15% of the worldwide population [...]
The Effects of a Fasting Mimicking Diet on Skin Hydration, Skin Texture, and Skin Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maloh Jessica , Wei Min , Hsu William , Caputo Sara , Afzal Najiba , Sivamani Raja
Published: February 2023

Diet and nutrition have been shown to impact dermatological conditions. This has increased attention toward integrative and lifestyle medicine in the management of skin health. Emerging research around fasting diets, specifically the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), has provided clinical evidence for chronic inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and autoimmune diseases. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of a five-day FMD protocol, administrated once a month for three months, on facial skin parameters, including skin hydration and skin roughness, in a group of 45 healthy women between the ages of 35 to 60 years old over the course of 71 days. The results of the study revealed that the three consecutive monthly cycles of FMD resulted in a significant percentage increase in skin hydration at day 11 (p = 0.00013) and at day 71 (p = 0.02) relative to baseline. The results also demonstrated maintenance of skin texture in the FMD group compared to an increase in skin roughness in the control group (p = 0.032). In addition to skin biophysical properties, self-reported data also demonstrated significant improvement in components of mental states such as happiness (p = 0.003) and confidence (0.039). Overall, these findings provide evidence for the potential use of FMD in improving skin health and related components of psychological well-being.
Tricuspid Valve Geometrical Changes in Patients with Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: Insights from a CT Scan Analysis Focusing on Commissures
Authors: Cammalleri Valeria , Nobile Edoardo , De Stefano Domenico , Carpenito Myriam , Mega Simona , Bono Maria Caterina , De Filippis Aurelio , Nusca Annunziata , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo , Grigioni Francesco , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: February 2023

Background: Cardiac computed tomography (CT) provides important insights into the geometrical configuration of the tricuspid valve (TV). The purpose of the present study was to assess the geometrical changes of TV in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) using novel CT scan parameters and to correlate these findings with echocardiography. Methods: This single-center study enrolled 86 patients undergoing cardiac CT and divided them into two groups according to the presence or not of severe TR (43 patients with TR ≥ 3+ and 43 controls). The measurements collected were as follows: TV annulus area and perimeter, septal-lateral and antero-posterior annulus diameters, eccentricity, distance between commissures, segment between the geometrical centroid and commissures, and the angles of commissures. Results: We found a significant correlation between all annulus measurements and the grade of TR, except in regard to angles. TR ≥ 3+ patients had significantly larger TV annulus area and perimeter, larger septal-lateral, and antero-posterior annulus dimensions, as well as larger commissural distance and centroid-commissural distance. In patients with TR ≥ 3+ and controls, the eccentricity index predicted a circular shape and an oval shape of the annulus, respectively. Conclusions: These novel CT variables focusing on commissures increase the anatomical understanding of the TV apparatus and the TV geometrical changes in patients with severe functional TR.
Venous Thrombus Embolism in Polytrauma: Special Attention to Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chen Deng , Luo Jialiu , Zhang Cong , Tang Liangsheng , Deng Hai , Chang Teding , Xu Huaqiang , He Miaobo , Wan Dongli , Zhang Feiyu , Wu Mengfan , Qian Min , Zhou Wen , Yin Gang , Wang Wenguo , Dong Liming , Tang Zhaohui
Published: February 2023

Venous thrombus embolism (VTE) is common after polytrauma, both of which are considered significant contributors to poor outcomes and mortality. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as an independent risk factor for VTE and one of the most common components of polytraumatic injuries. Few studies have assessed the impact of TBI on the development of VTE in polytrauma patients. This study sought to determine whether TBI further increases the risk for VTE in polytrauma patients. A retrospective, multi-center trial was performed from May 2020 to December 2021. The occurrence of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism from injury to 28 days after injury was observed. Of 847 enrolled patients, 220 (26%) developed DVT. The incidence of DVT was 31.9% (122/383) in patients with polytrauma with TBI (PT + TBI group), 22.0% (54/246) in patients with polytrauma without TBI (PT group), and 20.2% (44/218) in patients with isolated TBI (TBI group). Despite similar Glasgow Coma Scale scores, the incidence of DVT in the PT + TBI group was significantly higher than in the TBI group (31.9% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.01). Similarly, despite no difference in Injury Severity Scores between the PT + TBI and PT groups, the DVT rate was significantly higher in the PT + TBI group than in the PT group (31.9% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.01). Delayed anticoagulant therapy, delayed mechanical prophylaxis, older age, and higher D-dimer levels were independent predictive risk factors for DVT occurrence in the PT + TBI group. The incidence of PE within the whole population was 6.9% (59/847). Most patients with PE were in the PT + TBI group (64.4%, 38/59), and the PE rate was significantly higher in the PT + TBI group compared to the PT (p < 0.01) or TBI (p < 0.05) group. In conclusion, this study characterizes polytrauma patients at high risk for VTE occurrence and emphasizes that TBI markedly increases the incidence of DVT and PE in polytrauma patients. Delayed anticoagulant therapy and delayed mechanical prophylaxis were identified as the major risk factors for a higher incidence of VTE in polytrauma patients with TBI.
Blood-Transfusion Risk Factors after Intramedullary Nailing for Extracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture in Elderly Patients
Authors: Testa Gianluca , Montemagno Marco , Vescio Andrea , Micali Giuseppe , Perrotta Rosario , Lacarrubba Francesco , Avitabile Teresio , Basile Guido , Pavone Vito
Published: February 2023

Background: Extracapsular femoral neck fractures (eFNF) are the third most common type of fracture in traumatology. Intramedullary nailing (IMN) is one of the most frequently used ortho-pedic treatments for eFNF. Blood loss is one of the main complications of this treatment. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the perioperative risk factors that lead to blood transfusion in frail patients with eFNF who undergo IMN. Methods: From July 2020 to December 2020, 170 eFNF-affected patients who were treated with IMN were enrolled and divided into two groups according to blood transfusion: NBT (71 patients who did not need a blood transfusion), and BT (72 patients who needed blood transfusion). Gender, age, BMI, pre-operative hemoglobin levels, in-ternational normalized ratio (INR) level, number of blood units transfused, length of hospital stay, surgery duration, type of anesthesia, pre-operative ASA score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and mortality rate were assessed. Results: Cohorts differed only for pre-operatively Hb and surgery time (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients who have a lower preoperative Hb level and longer surgery time have a high blood-transfusion risk and should be closely followed peri-operatively.
Southern South China Sea Dynamics: Sea Level Change from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in the 21st Century
Authors: Azran Noah Irfan , Jeofry Hafeez , Chung Jing Xiang , Juneng Liew , Ali Syamir Alihan Showkat , Griffiths Alex , Ramli Muhammad Zahir , Ariffin Effi Helmy , Miskon Mohd Fuad , Mohamed Juliana , Yunus Kamaruzzaman , Akhir Mohd Fadzil
Published: February 2023

Sea level rise will significantly impact coastal areas around the world. As a coastal country, Malaysia’s rising sea levels are a significant concern because they would affect 70% of its population. The study of sea level rise is important in order to implement effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This study investigates the performance of CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) in simulating sea level rise in the Malaysian seas using various statistical methods. The models’ performances were evaluated by comparing historic CMIP6 GCM runs from 1993 to 2010 with sea level measurements from the satellite altimetry AVISO+ using the Taylor diagram. The SCS (SCSPM and SCSEM) had a higher sea level range and trend in both selected areas than the SM and SS. With 1.5 °C warmings, the multi-model ensemble means predicted that the SCS would rise by 16 mm near the Peninsular, with sea levels increasing by 0.908 m at a rate of 1.5 mm/year, and by 14.5 mm near East Malaysia, with sea levels increasing by 0.895 m at a rate of 1.1 mm/year. In contrast, 2.0 °C warmings project that SCSPM and SCSEM would cause sea levels to rise by 20.2 mm and 21.5 mm, respectively, at a rate of 0.6 mm/year and 0.7 mm/year. This information will provide an insight into Malaysian sea levels between now and the end of the twenty-first century, which will be beneficial for government agencies, academics, and relevant stakeholders.
First Report on Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose in Chinese Sorghum and Its Management Using Phytochemicals
Authors: Zhao Wei , Hu Anlong , Ren Mingjian , Wei Guoyu , Xu Huayang
Published: February 2023

Sorghum bicolor is cultivated worldwide. Leaf spots on sorghum, which lead to leaf lesions and impaired growth, are prevalent and severe in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. In August 2021, new leaf spot symptoms were observed on sorghum plants growing in agricultural fields. We used conventional tissue isolation methods and pathogenicity determination tests. Inoculations of sorghum with isolate 022ZW resulted in brown lesions similar to those observed under field conditions. The original inoculated isolates were reisolated and fulfilled Koch’s postulates. Based on the morphological character and phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes, we identified the isolated fungus as C. fructicola. This paper is the first to report this fungus-causing disease in sorghum leaves. We studied the sensitivity of the pathogen to various phytochemicals. The sensitivity of C. fructicola to seven phytochemicals was measured using the mycelial growth rate method. Honokiol, magnolol, thymol, and carvacrol displayed good antifungal effects, with EC50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) values of 21.70 ± 0.81, 24.19 ± 0.49, 31.97 ± 0.51, and 31.04 ± 0.891 µg/mL, respectively. We tested the control effect of the seven phytochemicals on the anthracnose caused by C. fructicola: honokiol and magnolol displayed good field efficacy. In this study, we expand the host range of C. fructicola, providing a basis for controlling sorghum leaf diseases caused by C. fructicola.
Advancing Cancer Research: Insights and Innovations in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Wu Yong , Vadgama Jaydutt V.
Published: February 2023

Cancer is a global health challenge that continues to affect millions of people, despite extensive research efforts [...]
Forest Sharing® as an Innovative Facility for Sustainable Forest Management of Fragmented Forest Properties: First Results of Its Implementation
Authors: Giannetti Francesca , Laschi Andrea , Zorzi Ilaria , Foderi Cristiano , Cenni Enrico , Guadagnino Cristiano , Pinzani Giacomo , Ermini Francesco , Bottalico Francesca , Milazzo Guido , Massai Lorenzo , Errico Alessandro , Giambastiani Yamuna
Published: February 2023

The forestry sector in Italy and throughout Europe is going through a critical period due to ongoing natural and anthropological processes, such as climate change and the abandonment of rural areas. These processes lead to a constant fragmentation of properties in small forest parcels, with direct impacts on management capacity. In this framework, new sustainable forest management methods are being tested and are shown to be good practices to oppose the decline of forest ecosystems. Their innovative aspects concern the introduction of a form of shared and circular economy, where management is built on the process, rather than on the product. Their technical activities are based on precision forestry systems and digitalization. The new approach takes into consideration the fact that the woods are an asset available to the whole community, in terms of benefits and protection. Forest Sharing® is an example of the application of shared forest management systems, due to which the owner user benefits from several services and opportunities, such as the advanced monitoring platform and the access to investment funds. After eighteen months of activity, the first results of the application of the new management systems can already be seen. Many aspects need further development, such as case studies concerning the enhancement due to forest certification and new recreational activities. Shared forest management systems have the potential to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of citizens about environmental and territorial issues.
Urban Ecosystem Services: Advancements in Urban Green Development
Authors: Russo Alessio , Cirella Giuseppe T.
Published: February 2023

Urban ecosystems are under pressure as a result of rapid urbanization [...]
Santin (5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,4′-Trimetoxy-Flavone) Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Kłósek Małgorzata , Jaworska Dagmara , Pietsz Grażyna , Szliszka Ewelina
Published: February 2023

TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) has the ability to selectively kill cancer cells without being toxic to normal cells. This endogenous ligand plays an important role in surveillance and anti-tumor immunity. However, numerous tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, the apoptotic effect of santin in combination with TRAIL on colon cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and expression of death receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by DePsipher staining with the use of fluorescence microscopy. We have shown for the first time that flavonoid santin synergizes with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Santin induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through increased expression of death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and augmented disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. The obtained data may indicate the potential role of santin in colon cancer chemoprevention through the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
Effects of Substituting the Two-Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) Meal for Fish Meal on Growth Performances and Digestibility of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Juveniles
Authors: Prachom Noratat , Yuangsoi Bundit , Pumnuan Jarongsak , Ashour Mohamed , Davies Simon J. , El-Haroun Ehab
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the potential of using field two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus as the main protein source in fish feed for striped snakehead (Channa striata) juveniles. A 10-week feeding effect on growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility of major nutrients, including amino acids, and physiological outputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined. A total of 225 C. striata juvenile fish (Initial weight, 15.0 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into three dietary groups in triplicate (25 fish per rectangular aquarium within a semi-recirculating system). Each group was hand-fed one of the experimental diets containing the graded level of a cricket meal (CM) replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% (CM0%, CM50%, and CM100%, respectively) of fish meal (FM) protein component. The results showed that growth performance and protein retention tended to increase with increasing dietary CM levels, whereas the waste outputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) decreased. Apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) and P retention values increased with increasing levels of cricket meal inclusion level in the diet. There was a significant reduction in both N and P solid waste and dissolved waste output for snakehead with increased CM inclusion. There were significant effects of CM level on fish whole-body composition in terms of elevated protein and fat content. In conclusion, the CM is a viable alternative protein source for aquaculture feeds and can be included up to 100% as a replacement for FM without compromising the growth performance of striped snakehead Channa striata juveniles. This may also have a more favorable impact, with the potential to reduce N and P loading to the environment.
Duodenal Gangliocytic Paragangliomas—Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Stan-Ilie Madalina , Şandru Vasile , Plotogea Oana-Mihaela , Rînja Ecaterina , Pavel Christopher , Constantinescu Gabriel , Negreanu Lucian , Paduraru Dan Nicolae , Bolocan Alexandra , Andronic Octavian , Davitoiu Dragos , Bălan Gheorghe G. , Constantinescu Alexandru
Published: February 2023

Duodenal gangliocytic paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors primarily localized in the periampullary area. Though mostly asymptomatic, they can present with various symptoms, most often jaundice, anemia and abdominal pain. The present paper is a case series report, describing our personal experience with patients presenting to the Emergency Unit with different symptoms due to duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma. Endoscopic resection is safe and indicated in most of the cases, being also associated with lower medical costs. EUS plays a central role in the pre-resection management and in surveillance, and immunostaining is decisive to ascertain the tumor histologic origin. In addition to reporting our experience, we researched the literature regarding these rare tumors and performed a comprehensive review.
Deep Learning and Procrustes Analysis for Early Dysgraphia Risk Detection with a Tablet Application
Authors: Lomurno Eugenio , Dui Linda Greta , Gatto Madhurii , Bollettino Matteo , Matteucci Matteo , Ferrante Simona
Published: February 2023

Dysgraphia is a neurodevelopmental disorder specific to handwriting. Classical diagnosis is based on the evaluation of speed and quality of the final handwritten text: it is therefore delayed as it is conducted only when handwriting is mastered, in addition to being highly language-dependent and not always easily accessible. This work presents a solution able to anticipate dysgraphia screening when handwriting has not been learned yet, in order to prevent negative consequences on the individuals’ academic and daily life. To quantitatively measure handwriting-related characteristics and monitor their evolution over time, we leveraged the Play-Draw-Write iPad application to collect data produced by children from the last year of kindergarten through the second year of elementary school. We developed a meta-model based on deep learning techniques (ensemble techniques and Quasi-SVM) which receives as input raw signals collected after a processing phase based on dimensionality reduction techniques (autoencoder and Time2Vec) and mathematical tools for high-level feature extraction (Procrustes Analysis). The final dysgraphia classifier can identify “at-risk” children with 84.62% Accuracy and 100% Precision more than two years earlier than current diagnostic techniques.
Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Management of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Berger Kristin , Kaner Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Interstitial lung disease is an umbrella term that encompasses a spectrum of parenchymal lung pathologies affecting the gas exchanging part of the lung. While many of these disease entities are not fibrotic in nature, a number can lead to pulmonary fibrosis which may or may not progress over time. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the prototypical, progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease, which can lead to worsening hypoxemic respiratory failure and mortality within a number of years from the time of diagnosis. The importance of an accurate and timely diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases, which is needed to inform prognosis and guide clinical management, cannot be overemphasized. Developing a consensus diagnosis requires the incorporation of a variety of factors by a multidisciplinary team, which then may or may not determine a need for tissue sampling. Clinical management can be challenging given the heterogeneity of disease behavior and the paucity of controlled trials to guide decision making. This review addresses current paradigms and recent updates in the diagnosis and pharmacologic management of these fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.
Creep Properties and Analysis of Cross Arms’ Materials and Structures in Latticed Transmission Towers: Current Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Asyraf Muhammad , Rafidah Mazlan , Madenci Emrah , Özkılıç Yasin , Aksoylu Ceyhun , Razman Muhammad , Ramli Zuliskandar , Zakaria Sharifah , Khan Tabrej
Published: February 2023

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been selected as an alternative to conventional wooden timber cross arms. The advantages of FRP composites include a high strength-to-weight ratio, lightweight, ease of production, as well as optimal mechanical performance. Since a non-conductive cross arm structure is exposed to constant loading for a very long time, creep is one of the main factors that cause structural failure. In this state, the structure experiences creep deformation, which can result in serviceability problems, stress redistribution, pre-stress loss, and the failure of structural elements. These issues can be resolved by assessing the creep trends and properties of the structure, which can forecast its serviceability and long-term mechanical performance. Hence, the principles, approaches, and characteristics of creep are used to comprehend and analyse the behaviour of wood and composite cantilever structures under long-term loads. The development of appropriate creep methods and approaches to non-conductive cross arm construction is given particular attention in this literature review, including suitable mitigation strategies such as sleeve installation, the addition of bracing systems, and the inclusion of cross arm beams in the core structure. Thus, this article delivers a state-of-the-art review of creep properties, as well as an analysis of non-conductive cross arm structures using experimental approaches. Additionally, this review highlights future developments and progress in cross arm studies.
Parametric Analysis of Thick FGM Plates Based on 3D Thermo-Elasticity Theory: A Proper Generalized Decomposition Approach
Authors: Kazemzadeh-Parsi Mohammad-Javad , Ammar Amine , Chinesta Francisco
Published: February 2023

In the present work, the general and well-known model reduction technique, PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition), is used for parametric analysis of thermo-elasticity of FGMs (Functionally Graded Materials). The FGMs have important applications in space technologies, especially when a part undergoes an extreme thermal environment. In the present work, material gradation is considered in one, two and three directions, and 3D heat transfer and theory of elasticity equations are solved to have an accurate temperature field and be able to consider all shear deformations. A parametric analysis of FGM materials is especially useful in material design and optimization. In the PGD technique, the field variables are separated to a set of univariate functions, and the high-dimensional governing equations reduce to a set of one-dimensional problems. Due to the curse of dimensionality, solving a high-dimensional parametric problem is considerably more computationally intensive than solving a set of one-dimensional problems. Therefore, the PGD makes it possible to handle high-dimensional problems efficiently. In the present work, some sample examples in 4D and 5D computational spaces are solved, and the results are presented.
Effect of High-Pressure Torsion and Annealing on the Structure, Phase Composition, and Microhardness of the Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) Alloy
Authors: Gunderov Dmitry , Kim Karina , Gunderova Sofia , Churakova Anna , Lebedev Yuri , Nafikov Ruslan , Derkach Mikhail , Lukashevich Konstantin , Sheremetyev Vadim , Prokoshkin Sergey
Published: February 2023

The Ti-18Zr-15Nb shape memory alloys are a new material for medical implants. The regularities of phase transformations during heating of this alloy in the coarse-grained quenched state and the nanostructured state after high-pressure torsion have been studied. The specimens in quenched state (Q) and HPT state were annealed at 300–550 °C for 0.5, 3, and 12 h. The α-phase formation in Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy occurs by C-shaped kinetics with a pronounced peak near 400–450 °C for Q state and near 350–450 °C for HPT state, and stops or slows down at higher and lower annealing temperatures. The formation of a nanostructured state in the Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy as a result of HPT suppresses the β→ω phase transformation during low-temperature annealing (300–350 °C), but activates the β→α phase transformation. In the Q-state the α-phase during annealing at 450–500 °C is formed in the form of plates with a length of tens of microns. The α-phase formed during annealing of nanostructured specimens has the appearance of nanosized particle-grains of predominantly equiaxed shape, distributed between the nanograins of β-phase. The changes in microhardness during annealing of Q-specimens correlate with changes in phase composition during aging.
Design and Experiments of a Two-Stage Fuzzy Controller for the Off-Center Steer-by-Wire System of an Agricultural Mobile Robot
Authors: Qu Jiwei , Zhang Zhe , Li Hongji , Li Ming , Xi Xiaobo , Zhang Ruihong
Published: February 2023

This paper focuses on the steering motion control of an in-wheel motor-drive robot. The influence of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle on steering motion and the steering control method have not yet been proved. Thus, this study aimed to design a steering controller for the off-center steer-by-wire system of a robot. The influence of the PWM duty cycle on the steering motion under different conditions is firstly tested on a test bench. Based on the optimal duty cycles of different cases found in the test, a two-stage fuzzy controller of the duty cycle is designed for the steering system. The first stage of the controller is used to dynamically adjust the PWM duty cycle of the electromagnetic friction lock (EFL). The second stage is designed to realize the self-tuning of the fuzzy controller’s quantization factor and the scale factor. Through two-stage control, the motion of the in-wheel motor and the EFL can be coordinated to realize stable and rapid steering. Considering the robots’ primary application in field roads at present, road tests were ultimately conducted to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the angle response rate of the steering arm is elevated with the increase in the steering angle signal. The proposed controller can sensitively track the target angles with smaller overshoot, yaw rate and lateral acceleration, and better steering accuracy than the PID (proportional–integral–differential) controller under different working conditions.
Dynamic Parameter Identification of Collaborative Robot Based on WLS-RWPSO Algorithm
Authors: Tang Minan , Yan Yaguang , An Bo , Wang Wenjuan , Zhang Yaqi
Published: February 2023

Parameter identification of the dynamic model of collaborative robots is the basis of the development of collaborative robot motion state control, path tracking, state monitoring, fault diagnosis, and fault tolerance systems, and is one of the core contents of collaborative robot research. Aiming at the identification of dynamic parameters of the collaborative robot, this paper proposes an identification algorithm based on weighted least squares and random weighted particle swarm optimization (WLS-RWPSO). Firstly, the dynamics mathematical model of the robot is established using the Lagrangian method, the dynamic parameters of the robot to be identified are determined, and the linear form of the dynamics model of the robot is derived taking into account the joint friction characteristics. Secondly, the weighted least squares method is used to obtain the initial solution of the parameters to be identified. Based on the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm, a random weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for the local optimal problem to identify the dynamic parameters of the robot. Thirdly, the fifth-order Fourier series is designed as the excitation trajectory, and the original data collected by the sensor are denoised and smoothed by the Kalman filter algorithm. Finally, the experimental verification on a six-degree-of-freedom collaborative robot proves that the predicted torque obtained by the identification algorithm in this paper has a high degree of matching with the measured torque, and the established model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the robot, effectively improving the identification accuracy.
Global Stability of a MERS-CoV Infection Model with CTL Immune Response and Intracellular Delay
Authors: Keyoumu Tuersunjiang , Ma Wanbiao , Guo Ke
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose and study a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection model with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response and intracellular delay. This model includes five compartments: uninfected cells, infected cells, viruses, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and CTL immune cells. We obtained an immunity-inactivated reproduction number R0 and an immunity-activated reproduction number R1. By analyzing the distributions of roots of the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability results of the infection-free equilibrium, the immunity-inactivated equilibrium, and the immunity-activated equilibrium were obtained. Moreover, by constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals and combining LaSalle’s invariance principle and Barbalat’s lemma, some sufficient conditions for the global stability of the three types of equilibria were obtained. It was found that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0≤1 and unstable if R0>1; the immunity-inactivated equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R0>1>R1 and globally asymptotically stable if R0>1>R1 and condition (H1) holds, but unstable if R1>1; and the immunity-activated equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R1>1 and is globally asymptotically stable if R1>1 and condition (H1) holds.
Mixed Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shin Woo Young , Lee Keon Young , Kim Kyeong Deok
Published: February 2023

Mixed hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine carcinoma (HCC-NEC) is extremely rare, comprising about 0.46% of primary hepatic tumors. A 63-year-old man who was a chronic alcoholic presented with a nine-centimeter-sized hepatic mass. His serum alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II levels were 22,815 ng/mL and 183 mAU/mL, respectively. The patient underwent a right hemihepatectomy, including the middle hepatic vein. The tumor consisted of poorly differentiated HCC (20%) and large- and small-cell-type NEC (80%) components as per the pathological examination. Immunohistochemically chromogranin and synaptophysin were positive in the areas of NEC and negative in the areas of HCC. Adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and etoposide was administered after surgery. At postoperative 5 months, the patient complained of right flank pain, and CT showed a new mass measuring 7.3 cm in the right adrenal gland. Postoperatively, after 6.5 months, more recurred masses were noted on the posterior aspect of the right kidney and both lungs. Although the regimen was changed from etoposide to irinotecan, additional recurred masses were developed in the liver, lung, and brain. He passed away 12 months after the surgery. After reviewing and analyzing previous literature, the 1 and 2 year overall survival rates are 57.3 and 43.6%, respectively, and the 1 and 2 year disease-free survival rates are 36.2 and 29.0%, respectively. Mixed HCC-NEC is a very rare tumor, and the surgical outcome is poor.
Removal of Residual Element Antimony from Molten Steel by CaC2-Containing Refining Slag
Authors: Chen Zihong , Liu Mengke , Ma Guojun , Zhang Xiang , Du Tianyu , Xue Zhengliang
Published: February 2023

Increasing the use of steel scrap and enhancing its recycling utilization are important strategies for fostering the low-carbon and environmental-friendly growth of the iron and steel industry in China. However, the current steelmaking processes cannot efficiently remove the residual elements in the scrap, such as Cu, Sn, As, and Sb. As a result, the above elements are recycled and accumulate in the scrap, which will eventually have a negative impact on the properties of steel. Currently, there are few studies on Sb removal from molten steel. To remove the residual element Sb in molten steel, the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 refining slag system containing CaC2 was used, and the effect of the CaC2 content in the molten slag, slag quantity, smelting temperature, and initial Sb and C contents in molten steel on the Sb removal ratio in the steel was investigated, and the mechanism of Sb removal by the aforementioned refining slag system was discussed in order to provide some experimental and theoretical basis for industrialization practice. When the smelting time is 5~10 min, the removal ratio of Sb from molten steel is at its peak and can reach 45.8%. The ”Sb-reversion” phenomenon will appear in the molten steel when the smelting period is progressively extended. In molten steel, CaC2 will preferentially react with O and S, and as the smelting temperature decreases, the distribution ratio of Sb, LSb, improves. An increased initial Sb content in molten steel and slag quantity are beneficial to improving the removal ratio of Sb, but an increased initial C content in molten steel is detrimental to the progress of the Sb removal reaction. The removal reaction of Sb from molten steel by CaC2 is a reversible reaction, and the diffusion of the products from the interface is the limiting factor of the overall reaction.
The Gut Microbiota in Infants: Focus on Bifidobacterium
Authors: Solís Gonzalo , Gueimonde Miguel
Published: February 2023

A long time has passed since the initial pioneering works were carried out on the composition of infant microbiota by Thedore Escherich (1857–1911) and Ernst Moro (1874–1951), and since the observations of Henry Tissier (1866–1916) which linked “Bacillus bifidus” to the health of babies [...]
Protoplast Preparation for Algal Single-Cell Omics Sequencing
Authors: Ye Junran , Yang Cuiqiyun , Xia Luojia , Zhu Yinjie , Liu Li , Cao Huansheng , Tao Yi
Published: February 2023

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is an evolutionary technique for conducting life science research, providing the highest genome-sale throughput and single-cell resolution and unprecedented capabilities in addressing mechanistic and operational questions. Unfortunately, the current SCS pipeline cannot be directly applied to algal research as algal cells have cell walls, which makes RNA extraction hard for the current SCS platforms. Fortunately, effective methods are available for producing algal protoplasts (cells without cell walls), which can be directly fed into current SCS pipelines. In this review, we first summarize the cell wall structure and chemical composition of algal cell walls, particularly in Chlorophyta, then summarize the advances made in preparing algal protoplasts using physical, chemical, and biological methods, followed by specific cases of algal protoplast production in some commonly used eukaryotic algae. This review provides a timely primer to those interested in applying SCS in eukaryotic algal research.
The Role of Temperate Phages in Bacterial Pathogenicity
Authors: Gummalla Vimathi S. , Zhang Yujie , Liao Yen-Te , Wu Vivian C. H.
Published: February 2023

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea and are classified as virulent or temperate phages based on their life cycles. A temperate phage, also known as a lysogenic phage, integrates its genomes into host bacterial chromosomes as a prophage. Previous studies have indicated that temperate phages are beneficial to their susceptible bacterial hosts by introducing additional genes to bacterial chromosomes, creating a mutually beneficial relationship. This article reviewed three primary ways temperate phages contribute to the bacterial pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens, including phage-mediated virulence gene transfer, antibiotic resistance gene mobilization, and biofilm formation. This study provides insights into mechanisms of phage–bacterium interactions in the context of foodborne pathogens and provokes new considerations for further research to avoid the potential of phage-mediated harmful gene transfer in agricultural environments.
Taurocholic Acid and Glycocholic Acid Inhibit Inflammation and Activate Farnesoid X Receptor Expression in LPS-Stimulated Zebrafish and Macrophages
Authors: Ge Xutao , Huang Shaoze , Ren Can , Zhao Lu
Published: February 2023

A hyperactive immune response can be observed in patients with bacterial or viral infection, which may lead to the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, or “cytokine storm”, and a poor clinical outcome. Extensive research efforts have been devoted to the discovery of effective immune modulators, yet the therapeutic options are still very limited. Here, we focused on the clinically indicated anti-inflammatory natural product Calculus bovis and its related patent drug Babaodan to investigate the major active molecules in the medicinal mixture. Combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, transgenic zebrafish-based phenotypic screening, and mouse macrophage models, taurochiolic acid (TCA) and glycoholic acid (GCA) were identified as two naturally derived anti-inflammatory agents with high efficacy and safety. Both bile acids significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage recruitment and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in in vivo and in vitro models. Further studies identified strongly increased expression of the farnesoid X receptor at both the mRNA and protein levels upon the administration of TCA or GCA, which may be essential for mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of the two bile acids. In conclusion, we identified TCA and GCA as two major anti-inflammatory compounds in Calculus bovis and Babaodan, which could be important quality markers for the future development of Calculus bovis, as well as promising lead compounds in the treatment of overactive immune responses.
Thermoelectric Power Generation of TiS2/Organic Hybrid Superlattices Below Room Temperature
Authors: Salah Numan , Baghdadi Neazar , Abdullahi Shittu , Alshahrie Ahmed , Koumoto Kunihito
Published: February 2023

Recently, the n-type TiS2/organic hybrid superlattice (TOS) was found to have efficient thermoelectric (TE) properties above and near room temperature (RT). However, its TE performance and power generation at the temperature gradient below RT have not yet been reported. In this work, the TE performance and power generation of the TOS above and below RT were investigated. The electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) were recorded as a function of temperature within the range 233–323 K. The generated power at temperature gradients above (at ΔT = 20 and 40 K) and below (at ΔT = −20 and −40 K) RT was measured. The recorded σ decreased by heating the TOS, while |S| increased. The resulting power factor recorded ~100 µW/mK2 at T = 233 K with a slight increase following heating. The charge carrier density and Hall mobility of the TOS showed opposite trends. The first factor significantly decreased after heating, while the second one increased. The TE-generated power of a single small module made of the TOS at ΔT = 20 and 40 K recorded 10 and 45 nW, respectively. Surprisingly, the generated power below RT is several times higher than that generated above RT. It reached 140 and 350 nW at ΔT = −20 and −40 K, respectively. These remarkable results indicate that TOS might be appropriate for generating TE power in cold environments below RT. Similar TE performances were recorded from both TOS films deposited on solid glass and flexible polymer, indicating TOS pertinence for flexible TE devices.
Catalytic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol on MnO2/Zeolite -13X Prepared with Lawsonia inermis Extract as a Stabilizing and Capping Agent
Authors: Da’na Enshirah , Taha Amel , El-Aassar Mohamed R.
Published: February 2023

p-nitrophenol (pNP) is a highly toxic organic compound and is considered carcinogenic and mutagenic. It is a very stable compound with high resistance to chemical or biological degradation. As a result, the elimination of this pollutant has been very challenging for many researchers. Catalytic reduction is one of the most promising techniques, if a suitable catalyst is developed. Thus, this work aims to prepare an eco-friendly catalyst via a simple and low-cost route and apply it for the conversion of the toxic p-nitrophenol (pNP) into a non-toxic p-aminophenol (pAP) that is widely used in industry. Manganese oxide was prepared in an environmentally friendly manner with the aid of Lawsonia inermis (henna) extract as a stabilizing and capping agent and loaded on the surface of 13X molecular sieve zeolite. The UV-Vis spectrum, EDS, and XRD patterns confirmed the formation of the pure MnO2 loaded on the zeolite crystalline network. The TGA analysis showed that the samples prepared by loading MnO2 on zeolite (Mn2Z, Mn3Z, and Mn4Z) lost more mass than pure MnO2 (Mn) or zeolite (Z), which is mainly moisture adsorbed on the surface. This indicates a better dispersion of MnO2 on the surface of zeolite compared to pure MnO2, and thus a higher number of active adsorption sites. SEM images and EDS confirmed the dispersion of the MnO2 on the surface of the zeolite. Results showed a very fast reduction rate, following the order Mn2Z > Mn3Z > Mn4Z > Mn > Z. With sample Mn2Z, 96% reduction of pNP was achieved in 9 min and 100% in 30 min. For Mn3Z, Mn4Z, and Mn, 98% reduction was achieved in 20 min and 100% in 30 min. Zeolite was the slowest, with only a 40% reduction in 30 min. Increasing the amount of zeolite in the synthesis mixture resulted in lower reduction efficiency. The kinetic study indicated that the reduction of p-nitrophenol on the surface of the prepared nanocomposite follows the pseudo-first-order model. The results show that the proposed nanocomposite is very effective and very promising to be commercially applied in water treatment, due to its low cost, simple synthesis procedure, and reusability.