bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of unusual G10P[33], G6P[14] genomic constellations and evidence of zooanthroponosis in bovines
Authors: Sawant P.M , Digraskar S , Gopalkrishna V.
Published: February 2020

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are a major cause of diarrhea in neonatal calves and children. The present study examined G/P combinations and genetic characteristics of RVAs in diarrheic bovine calves in Western India. RVAs were detected in 27 samples (17.64%) with predominance of G10P[11] (51.85%), followed by previously unreported genomic constellations, G6P[14] (14.81%), and, G6P[4] (7.40%) and G10P[33] (3.70%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed circulation of G10 (Lineage-5), G6 (Lineage-2), P[11] (Lineage-3), P[14] (proposed Lineage-8) and P[4] (Lineage-3) genotypes. The predominant G10P[11] strains were typical bovine strains and exhibited genotypic homogeneity. The rare, G10P[33] strain, had VP7 and VP4 genes of bovine origin but resemblance of VP6 gene with simian strain indicated possible reassortment between bovine and simian (SA11-like) strains. The VP6 and VP7 genes of other two rare strains, G6P[14] and G6P[4], were similar to those of bovine stains, but the VP4 was closely related to those of the human-bovine like and human strains, respectively. Additionally, in VP4 gene phylogenetic tree Indian P[14] strains constituted a closely related genetic cluster distinct from the other P[14] strains, hence Lineage-8 was proposed for them. These findings indicated that bovines could serve as source for anthropozoonotic transmission of G6P[14] strains while zooanthroponotic transmission followed by reassortment with human strain gave rise to G6P[4] strains. The observations of present study reinforce the potential of rotaviruses to cross the host-species barrier and undergo reassortant to increase genetic diversity which necessitates their continuous surveillance for development and optimization of prevention strategies against zoonotic RVAs.
The infection evidence of SARS-COV-2 in ocular surface: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xian , Chen Xuhui , Chen Liwen , Deng Chaohua , Zou Xiaojing , Liu Weiyong , Yu Huimin , Chen Bo , Sun Xufang
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify whether SARS-COV-2 infected in ocular surface.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of patients presenting for who received a COVID-19 diagnosis, from December 30, 2019 to February 7, 2020, at Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Demographics, temperature was recorded, blood routine test (Rt), chest Computed Tomography (CT) were took intermittently, and SARS-COV-2 real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay were arranged for the nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples.

Results

A total of 102 patients (48 Male [50%] and 54 Female [50%]) with clinical symptoms, Rt, and chest Computed Tomography (CT) abnormalities were identified with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients had a mean [SD] gestational age of 57.63 [14.90] years. Of a total of 102 patients identified, 72 patients (36 men [50%] and 36 women [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.68 [14.81] years) confirmed by laboratory diagnosis with SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR assay. Only two patients (2.78%) with conjunctivitis was identified from 72 patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19. However, SARS-COV-2 RNA fragments was found in ocular discharges by SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR only in one patient with conjunctivitis.

Conclusions

Although we suspect the incidence of SARS-COV-2 infection through the ocular surface is extremely low, the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 through the eyes after occupational exposure is a potential route. The inefficient diagnostic method and the sampling time lag may contribute to the lower positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of SARS-COV-2. Therefore, to lower the SARS-COV-2 nosocomial infection, the protective goggles should be wore in all the health care workers.
Heteroplasmy variability in individuals with biparentally inherited mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Slone Jesse , Zou Weiwei , Luo Shiyu , Schmitt Eric S , Chen Stella Maris , Wang Xinjian , Brown Jenice , Bromwell Meghan , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Fan Pi-Chuan , Lee Ni-Chung , Wong Lee-Jun , Zhang Jinglan , Huang Taosheng
Published: February 2020

With very few exceptions, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans is transmitted exclusively from mothers to their offspring, suggesting the presence of a strong evolutionary pressure favoring the exclusion of paternal mtDNA. We have recently shown strong evidence of paternal mtDNA transmission. In these rare situations, males exhibiting biparental mtDNA appear to be limited to transmitting just one of the mtDNA species to their offspring, while females possessing biparental mtDNA populations consistently transmit both populations to their offspring at a very similar heteroplasmy level. The precise biological and genetic factors underlying this unusual transmission event remain unclear. Here, we have examined heteroplasmy levels in various tissues among individuals with biparental inheritance. Our results indicate that individuals with biparental mtDNA have remarkable inter-tissue variability in heteroplasmy level. At the single-cell level, paternal mtDNA heteroplasmy in sperm varies dramatically, and many sperm possess only one of the two mtDNA populations originally in question. These results show a fundamental, parent-of-origin difference in how mtDNA molecules transmit and propagate. This helps explain how a single population of mtDNAs are transmitted from a father possessing two populations of mtDNA molecules, suggesting that some mtDNA populations may be favored over others when transmitted from the father.
Proteomic cellular signatures of kinase inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: Mount Sinai DToxS LINCS Center Dataset
Authors: Xiong Yuguang , Liu Tong , Chen Tong , Hansen Jens , Hu Bin , Chen Yibang , Jayaraman Gomathi , Schürer Stephan , Vidovic Dusica , Goldfarb Joseph , Sobie Eric A. , Birtwistle Marc R. , Iyengar Ravi , Li Hong , Azeloglu Evren U.
Published: February 2020

The Drug Toxicity Signature Generation Center (DToxS) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai is one of the centers of the NIH Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program. A key aim of DToxS is to generate both proteomic and transcriptomic signatures that can predict adverse effects, especially cardiotoxicity, of kinase inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Towards this goal, high throughput shot-gun proteomics experiments (317 cell line/drug combinations + 64 control lysates) have been conducted at the Center for Advanced Proteomics Research at Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School. Using computational network analyses, these proteomic data can be integrated with transcriptomic signatures generated in tandem to identify cellular signatures of cardiotoxicity that may predict kinase inhibitor-induced toxicity and possible mitigation. Both raw and processed proteomics data have been carefully screened for quality and made publicly available via the PRIDE database. As such, this broad protein kinase inhibitor-stimulated cardiomyocyte proteomic data and signature set is valuable for the prediction of drug toxicities.

Links to: Metadata Tables
Tolerance factor and phase stability of the garnet structure. Corrigendum
Authors: Song Zhen , Zhou Dandan , Liu Quanlin
Published: February 2020

An error in an equation in the paper by Song et al. [Acta Cryst. (2019), C75, 1353–1358] is corrected.
Synergistic hybrid-electric liquid natural gas drone: S.H.I.E.L.D
Authors: Sibilli Thierry , Senne Capucine , Jouan Hugo , Isikveren Askin T. , Ayat Sabrina
Published: February 2020

Purpose

With the objective to assess potentially performant hybrid-electric architectures, this paper aims to present an aircraft performance level evaluation, in terms of range and payload, of the synergies between a hybrid-electric energy system configuration and a cryogenic fuel system.

Design/methodology/approach

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is modeled using an aircraft performance tool, modified to take into account the hybrid nature of the system. The fuel and thermal management systems are modeled looking to maximize the synergistic effects. The electrical system is defined in series with the thermal engine and the performance, in terms of weight and efficiency, are tracked as a function of the cooling temperature.

Findings

The results show up to a 46 per cent increase in range and up to 7 per cent gain on a payload with a reference hybrid-electric aircraft that uses conventional drop-in JP-8 fuel. The configuration that privileges a reduction in mass of the electric motors by taking advantage of the cryogenic coolant temperature shows the highest benefits. A sensitivity study is also presented showing the dependency on the modeling capabilities.

Practical implications

The synergistic combination of a cryogenic fuel and the additional heat sources of a hybrid-electric system with a tendency to higher electric component efficiency or reduced weight results in a considerable performance increase in terms of both range and payload.

Originality/value

The potential synergies between a cryogenic fuel and the electrical system of a hybrid-electric aircraft seem clear; however, at the present, no detailed performance evaluation at aircraft level that includes the fuel, thermal management and electric systems, has been published.
The interaction of situational factors on individual factors and self-development
Authors: Zia Muhammad Qamar , Naveed Muhammad , Bashir Muhammad Adnan , Shamsi Aamir Feroz
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Organizations are facing pressure to reduce costs of training and enhancing the role of self-development that is self-driven and contextual in nature as a means to supplement employee development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of individual and situational factors on self-development as well as the moderating role of situational factors. Individual factors are referred to personal characteristics, i.e. learning goal orientation and proactive personality, while situational factors are environmental conditions, including job autonomy and empowering environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from 280 middle managers of the banking sector. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was conducted to validate the model.

Findings

The study findings revealed a significant direct relationship of individual (learning goal orientation and proactive personality) and situational (empowering environment and job autonomy) factors with self-development. The study also found only a significant moderating effect of empowering environment in relation to learning goal orientation and self-development, correspondingly job autonomy moderates the relationship of proactive personality and self-development.

Practical implications

The study concludes with offering some implication for organization to focus on self-development activities by providing an empowering environment and job autonomy to its employees, which will result to minimize the overall cost of training. Organizations should also identify the individual factors that lead to self-development like proactive personality and learning goal orientation.

Originality/value

This study gives new insight on the predictors of self-development and their interaction. This study may be a pioneer to empirically validate a theoretical model about the interaction of situational factors between individual factors and self-development. Furthermore, it contributes and advances our knowledge by demonstrating how individual and situational factors are influencing middle mangers’ self-development in workplace.
Science mapping the most-cited publications on workplace learning
Authors: Moosa Visal , Shareefa Mariyam
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study aims to use science mapping to explore the knowledge base on workplace learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The analyses were based on the 100 most-cited articles out of the 7,469 results that were generated by the search on SCOPUS database. Bibliometric analyses such as keyword occurrence, co-authorship network and bibliometric coupling network were conducted using VOSviewer.

Findings

The results indicated that scholarly work in the area of workplace learning is on the rise while emphasising the need for contributions from Eastern and Asian perspectives. It was also found that scholarly work on workplace learning can be classified into two major schools of thought, namely, one that revolves around learning communities and other around communities of practice. Finally, analysis of the top-journals revealed that many of them have a close association with the field of education.

Research limitations/implications

This analysis is based on a single database. Nonetheless, scholars looking forward to research and publish on the topic may consider the key concepts and journals identified in this review.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study on bibliometric analysis of the topic has been conducted. This study contributes to the knowledge base on workplace learning by science mapping the existing knowledge.
Postmortem Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gunshot Wounds to the Neck
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Marosi Mária , Thali Michael J. , Deininger‐Czermak Eva
Published: February 2020

Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely used for the radiologic assessment of gunshot injuries, although it has clear advantages over postmortem computed tomography (CT) with regard to the imaging of soft tissue injuries. Another benefit in using MRI is that lodged projectiles composed of nonferromagnetic material such as lead present only marginal metal artifacts compared with severe artifacts on CT. This case report presents CT and MRI findings in a case with two gunshot wounds to the neck: a perforating wound and a nonperforating wound with a lead bullet lodged in the cervical spine. The decedent underwent CT and MRI before the scheduled autopsy. A ring of radiopaque material under the dermis in the fatty tissue was identified at both entrance wounds on CT, which was indicative of contact shots. The perforating gunshot was clearly indicated on CT by bullet fragments along the wound channel through the perforated 6th cervical vertebra and the fractured cricoid cartilage at the exit wound. The second trajectory, however, was only assumed based on the presence of gunshot residues at the entrance wound and the position of the lodged bullet. The radiologic assessment was severely impeded by the metal artifacts on CT. Barely noticeable metal artifacts on MRI allowed for clear visualization of the soft tissue injuries and the ruptured medulla oblongata. Only MRI clarified the soft tissue injuries of the brainstem noninvasively, which could provide specific and graphic information on the rapidity of death and the incapacitation of the victim.
Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies
Authors: Waddell Jack T. , Blake Austin J. , Sternberg Ariel , Ruof Ariana , Chassin Laurie
Published: February 2020

Background

Parental drinking and parent alcohol use disorder (AUD) are known predictors of adolescent positive alcohol expectancies, but their link to negative expectancies is unclear. Research suggests that parent drinking may indirectly predict adolescent expectancies through exposure to parental drinking events. However, exposure to parent negative alcohol consequences may be more relevant to adolescents’ expectancies. The present study tested the mediating effect of parent observable negative alcohol consequences in the association between parent AUD and adolescent expectancies.

Methods

This study used parent and adolescent data from the Adult and Family Development Project. A total of 581 adolescents reported on their alcohol expectancies across 2 waves of data, and their parents reported on potentially observable alcohol‐related negative consequences during the first wave. Past‐year and lifetime parent AUD were assessed with diagnostic interviews across 6 waves of data.

Results

Mothers’ observable consequences mediated the effect of her past‐year AUD on adolescent negative expectancies in adolescence, but this effect did not hold at a 1.5‐year follow‐up. Mothers’ lifetime AUD was the only prospective predictor of later adolescent negative expectancies. No father drinking variables predicted expectancies, and all models were invariant across child biological sex. Finally, older adolescent age prospectively predicted higher positive expectancies, whereas the adolescents’ own drinking predicted lower negative expectancies.

Conclusions

These findings, in line with other recent studies, suggest that exposure to mothers’ negative experiences with alcohol may counterintuitively normalize negative alcohol effects. This may paradoxically increase risk for adolescents rather than buffering the effects of a family history of parental AUD.
Antisecretory factor AF‐16 improves vascular access to a rat mammary tumour
Authors: Lange Stefan , Hultborn Ragnar , Jennische Eva
Published: February 2020

Tumor tissue often has an insufficient nutritional supply, in part due to compression of the vascular network from an increased interstitial fluid pressure. We have shown that the antisecretory factor peptide AF‐16 can reduce this pressure in experimental rat breast tumors. In this work we studied if AF‐16 administration opened up to an increased vascular volume in these tumors. Sprague‐Dawley rats were given dimethylbenxanthracene and developed mammary tumors which were studied. Evans Blue was used as an intravascular volume indicator. Under anesthesia the rats were given AF‐16 or solvent intranasally, and Evans Blue was injected i.v. 45 min later. Tumors and various organs were dissected and Evans Blue was extracted and colorimetrically quantified. Tumors had a significantly higher vascular volume after AF‐16 administration as compared to other organs. Liver and renal vascular volumes were also increased but to a lesser degree than in the tumors. The results indicate that AF16 could be a candidate for increasing vascular access for chemotherapy in cancer therapy.
Geographical knowledge, Empire, and the Indigenous Other: Engaging a decolonising introspection into Early French colonial geography
Authors: Clement Vincent
Published: February 2020

This paper contributes to the process of decolonising geographical knowledge on Indigenous people. More specifically, it seeks to critically engage with knowledge production on the Indigenous Other in early French colonial geography in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This particular moment coincided with the institutionalisation of French geography and the subsequent ambition to convert this discipline into a “science.” As a result, early colonial geographers began objectifying Indigenous people. Rather than discuss how early French colonial geographers defined the Indigenous Other as a new “object of science,” this paper examines how this desire to objectify other humanities resulted in the dehumanisation of Indigenous peoples. After clarifying the meaning of “colonial geography” in France, this paper focuses on early French colonial geographers’ invention of the Indigenous Other based on different modalities whose common principle appears to be the concept of “race.” This paper concludes that racialised determinants were key to othering, distancing, and even animalising Indigenous Others. Disparaging non‐European people through the use of biased “science” enabled early colonial geographers to inferiorise and dispossess them under the guise of “progress.”
Italian Adaptation and Validation of the Sibling Attachment Inventory
Authors: Parrello Santa , Sommantico Massimiliano , De Rosa Barbara
Published: February 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) to the Italian context and to examine its psychometric properties.

Method

Using an Internet‐based survey, data were collected from 500 Italian young adults (aged 18–30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to explore the factorial structure of the SAI. Correlations with the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale were carried out to verify convergent and predictive validity.

Results

The instrument had good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for validity. By comparing three models proposed in the literature, the results indicate that the three‐factor model had the best fit indices. Further, secure attachments were linked to high levels of self‐esteem and life satisfaction.

Conclusion

The Italian version of the SAI has good psychometric properties, suggesting its ability to assess young adults' sibling attachment in the Italian cultural context. It is expected to be a useful self‐report measure in research aimed to study individual differences in young adults' sibling attachment.
Validation of hepatitis C virus RNA detection using capillary blood by finger prick (GenXpert system)—Hepatitis C fingerprick study
Authors: Bielen Rob , Koc Özgür M. , Busschots Dana , Verrando Rita , Nevens Frederik , Robaeys Geert
Published: February 2020

To achieve the ambitious goals of the WHO to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a public health threat by 2030, innovative approaches are needed to improve the uptake for screening and treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID). Important barriers to care are difficult venous access and the two‐step approach in current point‐of‐care tests, using an HCV antibody screening test followed by a confirmatory HCV RNA test. In this study, we aimed to validate the new GenXpert instrument to diagnose HCV RNA by finger prick. This prospective study was conducted in a cohort of PWID in 6 alcohol/drug clinic sites and 1 outreach project in Belgium between January 2018 and March 2019. Plasma and capillary whole‐blood samples were collected by venepuncture and finger prick, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the GenXpert system were compared to the gold standard Artus HCV RNA kit. Of 153 participants enrolled, 147 (96.1%) had results of both the GenXpert system and Artus HCV RNA kit available. HCV RNA was detected in 35 of 147 (23.8%) by the Artus HCV RNA kit and in 36 of 147 (24.8%) by the GenXpert. Median quantitative HCV RNA viral load on finger prick was 28 700 IU/mL (IQR 4070‐65 875) vs 1 900 000IU/mL (IQR 416,466‐2,265,510) on plasma. The GenXpert instrument had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 90%‐100%) and a specificity of 99.1% (95.1%‐99.9%). The overall diagnostic accuracy was 99.3% (96.3%‐99.9%). This study validates the excellent performance of the GenXpert instrument to assess HCV RNA in capillary whole blood by finger prick in a PWID cohort.
Effect of a mindfulness programme for long‐term care residents with type 2 diabetes: A cluster randomised controlled trial measuring outcomes of glycaemic control, relocation stress and depression
Authors: Chen Shu‐Ming , Lin Huey‐Shyan , Atherton John J. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Wu Chiung‐Jung (Jo)
Published: February 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine physical, behavioural and psychosocial effects of a newly developed mindfulness programme for older adults with type 2 diabetes relocating to long‐term care facility.

Background

Taiwan is viewed as an “aged society” with significant proportion of the population living in a long‐term care facility. Approximately one third of residents living in long‐term care facilities have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and disruption to management of their glycaemic levels is at risk for up to one year after relocating to a long‐term care facility.

Design

A cluster randomised controlled trial was used to examine the effects of a newly developed mindfulness programme on outcomes of glycaemic levels, relocation stress and depression.

Methods

A total of 140 participants were recruited from six long‐term care facilities in Southern Taiwan. A mindfulness programme was delivered over 9 weeks and consisted of meditations, education and exercise techniques that were delivered by a Registered Nurse trained in mindfulness strategies. Participants in the control group received routine care as provided in the facilities, including routine check‐ups at diabetes clinics as necessary. Data were analysed by Johnson–Neyman technique and generalised estimating equations.

Results

In total, 120 residents completed the study. The majority of patients were female (64.8%), and 83.5% of the sample were financially supported by their children. The results showed significant improvements in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), relocation stress (Waldχ2 = 78.91) and depression (Waldχ2 = 45.70) between groups. In the intervention group, the mean of HbA1c levels showed 16.4% reduction (Meandifferences = 1.3;SD = 0.3). However, there were no significant differences in relocation stress and depression within groups.

Conclusion

The results provided positive effects of the mindfulness programme for older people with diabetes moving into long‐term care facilities. The programme will assist in future planning for diabetes care in long‐term care facilities.

Implications for practice

To incorporate the mindfulness program into existing diabetes education programs for older people living in LTCFs. Further investigation on the sustainability of the mindfulness program is warranted.
Finding the metabolomic signature of drought resistance in poplar
Authors: Law Simon R.
Published: February 2020

Efforts to decipher the processes underpinning biological systems now have a plethora of approaches from which to choose. Transcriptomics and proteomics provide a global snapshot of the abundance of gene products in a sample, from which researchers can learn a great deal about the inner machinations of a cell. However, when attempting to piece together a roadmap of an organism's metabolism, these strategies illuminate only a portion of the cellular landscape, and the evidence provided is often once‐ or even twice‐removed from the actual players (the metabolites) involved. In this issue of Physiologia Plantarum, Jia et al. (2020) used metabolomic approaches to directly analyse the molecular soup of substrates and products contained in plant cells (known as the metabolome) to unravel the metabolic and physiological differences separating a drought‐sensitive and a drought‐tolerant species of the ecologically and economically important woody plant, poplar.
Individual differences in preference for risky behaviors during courtship
Authors: Prokop Pavol , Pazda Adam
Published: February 2020

Engaging in risky behaviors is a sexual signalling strategy that men use to procure mates. The present study investigates men’s preferences for engaging in risky behaviors (along with women’s preferences for their male partner’s risky behavior) within dating couples. We investigated associations between relationship length, self‐perceived attractiveness, sociosexuality orientation, and preference for risky behaviors in a sample of 256 couples. Results indicated that men had stronger preferences for risky behaviors than their partner’s ideal preference. Furthermore, relationship length was associated with a decline in women’s preference for their partner’s risk‐taking, but not men’s preference for their own risk‐taking. Self‐perceived attractiveness was negatively associated with risk preference, and sociosexuality orientation was not directly related to risk preference. Female preferences for less intense male risky behaviors could reflect the need of paternal investment which is required for offspring care. Decreased male sexual signalling could account for lower preferences of risky behaviors in females who are involved in longer lasting romantic relationships.
What do students gain from games? Dice games vs word problems
Authors: Maurer Karsten , Hudiburgh Lynette , Werwinski Lisa
Published: February 2020

Learning the fundamentals of probability and random variables can be a struggle for many students. Games by their nature require active participation and reward mastery, lending naturally to the framework of active learning. In this study, we designed and evaluated the efficacy of a lab activity using a game where strategy hinges on sums of dice to teach about linear combinations of independent random variables. We found that both activities lead to improved understandings of course concepts, but the dice game provided increased student engagement and interest.
Terrorist Deradicalization Programs in Saudi, Yemen and Malaysia
Authors: Aslam Mohd Mizan , Abu Bakar Siti Zubaidah
Published: February 2020

Terrorist Deradicalization is advancing subject of scientific study that lacks universally accepted definition. It is presently understood as efforts that attempt transform attitudes and behaviors of former terrorists so they reject violence as a tool to achieve ideological, religious or political goals that threaten national security and life or cause political and economic instability. Saudi Arabia Yemen and Malaysiahave deradicalization programs called Al-Ha’ir, Al-Hitar and Pemulihan, respectively, that are based on re-education and rehabilitation. Re-education components focus on correcting political and religious misconceptions, and rehabilitation provides a thoroughgoing monitoring system after inmate release. Government sponsored de-radicalization modules are designed to rehabilitate detained militants by addressing personality flaws and providing carefully structured reconstructive efforts. The authors describe methods used, which include modular themes such as holistic personality, self-reflection, social skills, criminal behavior, spirituality, Islamic consideration, security and psychology.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Evelyn Angelia
Published: February 2020

Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1Adina Criste, “Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaAnastasia Kopaneli, University of Patras, GreeceAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAnthony Okafor, University of Louisville, USAAugustine Akhidime, Benson Idahosa University, NigeriaDesti Kannaiah, James Cook University, SingaporeFeng Jui Hsu, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, TaiwanGheorghe Morosan, Stefan Cel Mare University Suceava Romania, RomaniaHajar Jahangard , Central Bank of Iran(CBI), IranJayendra S. Gokhale, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USALektore Oltiana Muharremi, University of Vlora, AlbaniaMarco Muscettola, Independent researcher, ItalyMawih Kareem Alani, Dhofar University, OmanMohammad Sami Ali Al-Dahrawi, Zarqa University, JordanNicoleta Radneantu, Romanian – American University, RomanianNikolay Patonov, European Polytechnical University, BulgariaNoriaki Okamoto, Rikkyo University, JapanRui Fernandes, Porto Accounting and Business School, PortugalShahram Fattahi, Razi University,, IranVolodymyr Vysochansky, Uzhhorod National University, UkraineZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA   Angelia EvelynEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and AccountingRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://afa.redfame.com
Early Movement Matters: Interplay of Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development in Infants With Down Syndrome
Authors: Hauck Janet L. , Felzer-Kim Isabella T. , Gwizdala Kathryn L.
Published: February 2020

This longitudinal study investigated monthly motor development and physical activity (PA) of infants with and without Down syndrome. Gross and fine motor skills (Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III) and PA (accelerometer) were assessed in 35 infants at eight time points during infancy. A multivariate mixed model identified time points when motor scores diverged between the groups. In infants with Down syndrome, bivariate correlations between monthly PA and motor changes were calculated, and multivariate analysis of variance probed the influence of early PA on motor-skill timing. Results indicate that differences in gross and fine motor skills first emerge at 2 and 4 months, respectively. In infants with Down syndrome, gross motor and PA changes between 4 and 6 months were positively correlated. Infants more active than the mean at 2 or 3 months achieved several prone and sitting skills earlier. These results highlight the adaptability of early infancy and the importance of early intervention.
Effect of External Counterpulsation on Running Performance and Perceived Recovery
Authors: Russell Suzanna , Evans Angus G. , Jenkins David G. , Kelly Vincent G.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 20 minutes of external counterpulsation (ECP) on subsequent 1.2-km shuttle run test (1.2SRT) performance and perceived recovery following fatiguing high-intensity exercise. Methods: After familiarization, 13 recreationally active males (21.4 [1.9] y) participated in 2 experimental trials in a randomized crossover design. At 8:00 AM, participants completed a 1.2SRT, followed by an individualized high-intensity exercise bout and 20 minutes of ECP or supine passive rest (control). At 2:00 PM a second 1.2SRT was completed. Completion time for 1.2SRT (measured in seconds), heart rate, and Borg rating of perceived exertion were compared across conditions. Total quality of recovery and 100-mm visual analogue scale of perceived benefit of recovery were assessed at multiple time points. Results: A significantly smaller decline in PM 1.2SRT completion time compared with AM (baseline) was found for ECP compared with control (P = .008; moderate, very likely beneficial effect size of −0.77 [−1.53 to 0.05]). Total quality of recovery was significantly higher for ECP than control (P < .001), and perceived benefit of recovery was higher following ECP (P < .001, very large, most likely beneficial effect size of 2.08 [1.22 to 2.81]). Conclusions: Twenty minutes of ECP was found to be an effective recovery modality for within-day, between-bouts exercise, positively influencing subsequent 1.2SRT performance and enhancing perceptual recovery. ECP may be applied as a viable alternative to optimize and accelerate the recovery process, particularly in the event of congested training or competition demands.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Backward, Forward, and Dual Task Gait Kinematics in People With Parkinson Disease With and Without Freezing of Gait
Authors: Myers Peter S. , Rawson Kerri S. , Harrison Elinor C. , Horin Adam P. , Sutter Ellen N. , McNeely Marie E. , Earhart Gammon M.
Published: February 2020

People with Parkinson disease demonstrate increased gait variability, but the primary variability sources are poorly understood. People with Parkinson disease and freezing of gait (freezers) have greater gait impairments than people with Parkinson disease without freezing of gait (nonfreezers), which may relate to cerebellar dysfunction. Thirteen freezers and 31 nonfreezers completed backward, forward, and forward with dual task gait trials. Sagittal joint angle waveforms were extracted for the hip, knee, and ankle using 3D motion capture. Decomposition indices were calculated for the 3 joint combinations. Principal component analysis extracted variance sources from the joint waveforms. Freezers had significantly greater decomposition between hip–ankle (F1,42 = 5.1, P = .03) and hip–knee (F1,42 = 5.3, P = .03) movements. The principal component analysis did not differentiate freezers and nonfreezers; however, primary variance sources differed between conditions. Primary variance during forward and forward with dual task gait came from joint angle magnitude and peak angle timing. Backward gait showed primary variance from joint angle magnitude and range of motion. The results show that freezers decompose movement more than nonfreezers, implicating cerebellar involvement in freezing of gait. Primary variance differs between gait conditions, and tailoring gait interventions to address variability sources may improve intervention efficacy.
Surveillance data confirm multiyear predictions of rotavirus dynamics in New York City
Authors: Olson Donald R. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Konty Kevin J. , Mathes Robert W. , Papadouka Vikki , Ternier Alexandra , Zucker Jane R. , Simonsen Lone , Grenfell Bryan T. , Pitzer Virginia E.
Published: February 2020

A transmission model successfully predicted that rotavirus vaccination would lead to biennial epidemics affecting older children.
Tracking extracellular vesicle phenotypic changes enables treatment monitoring in melanoma
Authors: Wang Jing , Wuethrich Alain , Sina Abu Ali Ibn , Lane Rebecca E. , Lin Lynlee L. , Wang Yuling , Cebon Jonathan , Behren Andreas , Trau Matt
Published: February 2020

An extracellular vesicle phenotype analyzer chip shines a light on patients’ responses to targeted therapy in cancer.
Individual behavior drives ecosystem function and the impacts of harvest
Authors: Allgeier Jacob E. , Cline Timothy J. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Wathen Gus , Layman Craig A. , Schindler Daniel E.
Published: February 2020

Individual fish behavior has large and unpredictable impacts on ecosystem nutrient dynamics with implications for species harvest.
Sea level fingerprinting of the Bering Strait flooding history detects the source of the Younger Dryas climate event
Authors: Pico T. , Mitrovica J. X. , Mix A. C.
Published: February 2020

Two-phased flooding of Bering Strait is reconciled by melting North American ice saddle during Younger Dryas.
Nitrogen isotope ratios trace high-pH conditions in a terrestrial Mars analog site
Authors: Stüeken Eva E. , Tino Christopher , Arp Gernot , Jung Dietmar , Lyons Timothy W.
Published: February 2020

Nitrogen isotopes in sedimentary rocks can act as a novel tracer of high pH and may help constrain past atmospheric
P
co
2
on Mars.
Automated structure discovery in atomic force microscopy
Authors: Alldritt Benjamin , Hapala Prokop , Oinonen Niko , Urtev Fedor , Krejci Ondrej , Federici Canova Filippo , Kannala Juho , Schulz Fabian , Liljeroth Peter , Foster Adam S.
Published: February 2020

We develop a deep learning method that predicts atomic structure directly from experimental atomic force microscopy images.
Out of sight
Stealth: The Secret Contest to Invent Invisible Aircraft
Peter Westwick
Oxford University Press, 2020. 272 pp.
Authors: van der Linden F. Robert
Published: February 2020

A historian investigates the Cold War competition to create an invisible aircraft
Maternal microbial molecules affect offspring health
Authors: Ferguson Jane
Published: February 2020

Intestinal molecules during pregnancy in mice may protect offspring from metabolic disease
Selection for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens through Exposure to UV Light and Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Decontamination Techniques
Authors: Álvarez-Molina Adrián , de Toro María , Ruiz Lorena , López Mercedes , Prieto Miguel , Alvarez-Ordóñez Avelino
Published: February 2020

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance along the food chain can be influenced by the different antimicrobial strategies used from farm to fork. This study evidences that two novel, not yet widely used, nonthermal microbial decontamination techniques, UV light and nonthermal atmospheric plasma, can select variants with increased resistance to various clinically relevant antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Whole-genome analysis of the resistant variants obtained for
Salmonella
spp. allowed identification of the genetic changes responsible for the observed phenotypes and suggested that some antimicrobial classes are more susceptible to the cross-resistance phenomena observed. This information is relevant, since these novel decontamination techniques are being proposed as possible alternative green techniques for the decontamination of environments and equipment in food and clinical settings.
Conjugate strike-slip faulting across a subduction front driven by incipient seamount subduction
Authors: Davidson Sam R. , Barnes Philip M. , Pettinga Jarg R. , Nicol Andrew , Mountjoy Joshu J. , Henrys Stuart A.
Published: February 2020

The initial stages of seamount subduction and associated deformation in an overriding accretionary wedge is rarely documented. Initial subduction of Bennett Knoll seamount and faulting of the overlying strata along the Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, are here studied using multibeam swath bathymetry, subbottom profiles, and regional seismic reflection lines. Our results provide new insights into the earliest stages of seamount collision at sediment-rich margins. Differential shortening along the subduction front induced by seamount subduction is initially accommodated in the accretionary wedge by conjugate strike-slip faults that straddle the buried flanks of the seamount and offset the frontal thrusts by as much as 5 km. The geometries of the strike-slip faults are controlled by the seamount’s dimensions and aspect, the obliquity of plate convergence, pore-fluid pressure, and the thickness and rheology of the incoming sedimentary section. Strike-slip faults in such settings are ephemeral and overprinted by the formation of new structures as seamount subduction advances.
High prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia among people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: The Dutch Diabetes Pearl Cohort
Authors: van Meijel Lian A , de Vegt Femmie , Abbink Evertine J , Rutters Femke , Schram Miranda T , van der Klauw Melanie M , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R , Siegelaar Sarah , DeVries J Hans , Sijbrands Eric J G , Özcan Behiye , de Valk Harold W , Silvius Bianca , Schaper Nicolaas , Stehouwer Coen D A , Elders Petra J M , Tack Cornelis J , de Galan Bastiaan E
Published: February 2020

Objective

People with type 2 diabetes on insulin are at risk for hypoglycemia. Recurrent hypoglycemia can cause impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and increase the risk for severe hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of self-reported IAH and severe hypoglycemia in a Dutch nationwide cohort of people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

Observational study of The Dutch Diabetes Pearl, a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes treated in primary, secondary and tertiary diabetes care centers. The presence of IAH and the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia in the past year, defined as an event requiring external help to recover, were assessed using the validated Dutch version of the Clarke questionnaire. In addition, clinical variables were collected including age, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, ethnicity and education.

Results

2350 people with type 2 diabetes on insulin were included: 59.1% men, mean age 61.1±10.4 years, mean diabetes duration 14.8±9.2 years and 79.5% on basal-bolus therapy. A total of 229 patients (9.7%) were classified as having IAH and 742 patients (31.6%) reported severe hypoglycemia. Increased odds for IAH were found with complex insulin regimens and lower odds with having a partner and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Severe hypoglycemia was associated with complex insulin regimens, non-Caucasian ethnicity and use of psychoactive drugs, and inversely with metformin use.

Conclusions

In this nationwide cohort, almost one out of ten people with type 2 diabetes on insulin had IAH and >30% had a history of severe hypoglycemia in the past year.
Putting the patient at the centre of pathology: an innovative approach to patient education—MyPathologyReport.ca
Authors: Lafreniere Anthea , Purgina Bibianna , Wasserman Jason K
Published: February 2020

In many centres, patients now have access to their electronic medical record (EMR) and laboratory results, including pathology reports, are amongst the most frequently accessed pieces of information. The pathology report is an important but highly technical medical document that can be difficult for patient and clinicians alike to interpret. To improve communication and patient safety, pathologists are being called upon to play a more direct role in patient care. Novel approaches have been undertaken by pathologists to address this need, including the addition of patient-friendly summaries at the beginning of pathology reports and the development of patient education tools. MyPathologyReport.ca is a novel website exclusively providing pathology education to patients. It has been designed to help patients understand the language of pathology and to effectively navigate their pathology report. At present, the website includes over 150 diagnostic articles and over 125 pathology dictionary definitions. The diagnostic articles span all body sites and include a variety of malignant, benign and non-neoplastic conditions. Since its creation, this website has been visited over 14 000 times, with cancer-related diagnoses and definitions representing the most commonly accessed articles. This website has been embedded in patient accessible EMRs and shared through partnerships with patients, caregivers and their respective advocacy groups. Our next steps involve longitudinal assessment of MyPathologyReport.ca from non-medical community members, evaluation of patient satisfaction and understanding and further collaboration with hospitals and care-providers to increase patient access to this resource.
Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on mechanical dispersion
Authors: Klaeboe Lars Gunnar , Brekke Pål Haugar , Aaberge Lars , Haugaa Kristina , Edvardsen Thor
Published: February 2020

Objectives

The physiological determinants of left ventricular (LV) mechanical dispersion (MD) are not fully explored. We aimed to investigate the impact of afterload reduction and changes in ventricular conduction on LV MD after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods

Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) were examined in a prospective, repeated measures observational cohort study before and after an uncomplicated transfemoral TAVI in a single tertiary centre. LV MD was assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography. Valvulo-arterial impedance (ZVA) was used as a measure of global afterload.

Results

We included 140 consecutive patients (83±8 years old, 49% women, logistic EuroSCORE 16±10) with severe AS (valve area 0.7±0.2 cm2, mean transvalvular gradient 54±18 mm Hg) and a relatively preserved LV ejection fraction (52%±11%). After TAVI, we observed favourable changes in transvalvular gradients and ZVA in all patients. Compared with baseline, postprocedural MD was significantly lower in 108 patients with unchanged ventricular conduction (55±17 ms vs 51±17 ms, p=0.02) and higher in 28 patients with TAVI-induced left bundle branch block (51±13 ms vs 62±19 ms, p≤0.001). During 22±9 months observation, 22 patients died. Postprocedural MD was associated with mortality in a univariate Cox regression model (HR=1.24 (1.01–1.52), p<0.04, per 10 ms increase).

Conclusions

Isolated afterload reduction was associated with reduction of MD, while concomitant impairment of ventricular conduction resulted in a more pronounced MD after TAVI, indicating that loading conditions and conduction should be considered when evaluating MD. A pronounced postprocedural LV MD was associated with mortality.
Tackling climate change by planting trees
Authors: Powell Keith
Published: February 2020

The UK needs to step up its tree‐planting efforts to make a dent on climate change. Here, Keith Powell suggests that vets could bring clients together to provide the money and land for such projects.