bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UCE Phylogenomics Resolves Major Relationships Among Ectaheteromorph Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A New Classification For the Subfamilies and the Description of a New Genus
Authors: Camacho G P , Franco W , Branstetter M G , Pie M R , Longino J T , Schultz T R , Feitosa R M
Published: January 2022

Uncovering the evolutionary history of the subfamilies Ectatomminae and Heteroponerinae, or ectaheteromorphs, is key to understanding a major branch of the ant tree of life. Despite their diversity and ecological importance, phylogenetic relationships in the group have not been well explored. One particularly suitable tool for resolving phylogeny is the use of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), which have been shown to be ideal markers at a variety of evolutionary time scales. In the present study, we enriched and sequenced 2,127 UCEs from 135 specimens of ectaheteromorph ants and investigated phylogeny using a variety of model-based phylogenomic methods. Trees recovered from partitioned maximum-likelihood and species-tree analyses were well resolved and largely congruent. The results are consistent with an expanded concept of Ectatomminae that now includes the subfamily Heteroponerinae new synonym and its single tribe Heteroponerini new combination. Eleven monophyletic groups are recognized as genera: Acanthoponera, Alfariastatus revived, Boltonia Camacho and Feitosa new genus, Ectatomma, Gnamptogenys, Heteroponera, Holcoponerastatus revived, Poneracanthastatus revived, Rhytidoponera, Stictoponerastatus revived, and Typhlomyrmex. The new phylogenetic framework and classification proposed here will shed light on the study of Ectatomminae taxonomy and systematics, as well as on the morphological evolution of the groups that it comprises.
UCE Phylogenomics of New World Cryptopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Elucidates Genus Boundaries, Species Boundaries, and the Vicariant History of a Temperate–Tropical Disjunction
Authors: Branstetter Michael G , Longino John T
Published: January 2022

The genus Cryptopone Emery contains 25 species of litter and soil ants, 5 of which occur in the Americas. Cryptopone gilva (Roger) occurs in the southeastern United States and cloud forests of Mesoamerica, exhibiting an uncommon biogeographic disjunction observed most often in plants. We used phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), as well as mitogenomes and legacy markers, to investigate phylogenetic relationships, species boundaries, and divergence dates among New World Cryptopone. Species delimitation was conducted using a standard approach and then tested using model-based molecular methods (SNAPP, BPP, SODA, and bPTP). We found that Cryptopone as currently constituted is polyphyletic, and that all the South American species belong to Wadeura Weber, a separate genus unrelated to Cryptopone. A single clade of true Cryptopone occurs in the Americas, restricted to North and Central America. This clade is composed of four species that originated ~4.2 million years ago. One species from the mountains of Guatemala is sister to the other three, favoring a vicariance hypothesis of diversification. The taxonomy of the New World Cryptopone and Wadeura is revised. Taxonomic changes are as follows: Wadeura Weber is resurrected, with new combinations W. guianensis Weber, W. holmgreni (Wheeler), and W. pauli (Fernandes & Delabie); C. guatemalensis (Forel) (rev. stat.) is raised to species and includes C. obsoleta (Menozzi) (syn. nov.). The following new species are described: Cryptopone gilvagrande, C. gilvatumida, and Wadeura holmgrenita. Cryptopone hartwigi Arnold is transferred to Fisheropone Schmidt and Shattuck (n. comb.). Cryptopone mirabilis (Mackay & Mackay 2010) is a junior synonym of Centromyrmex brachycola (Roger) (syn. nov.).
Utility of InTray COLOREX Screen agar and InTray COLOREX ESBL agar for urine culture in the Lao PDR
Authors: Roberts Tamalee , Silisouk Joy , Sengdatka Davanh , Sibounheuang Bountoy , Seljuk Ranoy , Vang Xao , Sengduangphachanh Amphonesavanh , Davong Viengmon , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Malou Nada , Ferreyra Cecilia , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Simpson Andrew J. H.
Published: January 2022

Background

There is a need for simple microbiology diagnostics to enable antimicrobial resistance surveillance in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives

To investigate the field utility of InTray COLOREX plates for urine culture and ESBL detection.

Methods

Clinical urine samples from Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR were inoculated onto chromogenic media and InTray COLOREX Screen plates between June and August 2020. Urine and isolates from other clinical specimens were inoculated onto COLOREX ESBL plates. A simulated field study investigating the field utility of the InTray COLOREX plates was also completed.

Results

In total, 355 urine samples were inoculated onto standard chromogenic agar and InTray COLOREX Screen plates, and 154 urine samples and 54 isolates from other clinical specimens on the COLOREX ESBL plates. Growth was similar for the two methods (COLOREX Screen 41%, standard method 38%) with 20% discordant results, mainly due to differences in colony counts or colonial appearance. Contamination occurred in 13% of samples, with the COLOREX Screen plates showing increased contamination rates, potentially due to condensation. ESBL producers were confirmed from 80% of isolates from the COLOREX ESBL plates, and direct plating provided rapid detection of presumptive ESBL producers. Burkholderia pseudomallei also grew well on the ESBL plates, a relevant finding in this melioidosis-endemic area.

Conclusions

The InTray COLOREX Screen and ESBL plates were simple to use and interpret, permitting rapid detection of uropathogens and ESBLs, and have the potential for easy transport and storage from field sites and use in laboratories with low capacity.
Network security situation awareness forecasting based on statistical approach and neural networks
Authors: Sokol Pavol , Staňa Richard , Gajdoš Andrej , Pekarčík Patrik
Published: January 2022

The usage of new and progressive technologies brings with it new types of security threats and security incidents. Their number is constantly growing.The current trend is to move from reactive to proactive activities. For this reason, the organization should be aware of the current security situation, including the forecasting of the future state. The main goal of organizations, especially their security operation centres, is to handle events, identify potential security incidents, and effectively forecast the network security situation awareness (NSSA). In this paper, we focus on increasing the efficiency of utilization of this part of cybersecurity. The paper’s main aim is to compare selected statistical models and models based on neural networks to find out which models are more suitable for NSSA forecasting. Based on the analysis provided in this paper, neural network methods prove a more accurate alternative than classical statistical prediction models in NSSA forecasting. In addition, the paper analyses the selection criteria and suitability of time series, which do not only reflect information about the total number of security events but represent a category of security event (e.g. recon scanning), port or protocol.
RGB images-driven recognition of grapevine varieties using a densely connected convolutional network
Authors: Škrabánek Pavel , Doležel Petr , Matoušek Radomil
Published: January 2022

We present a pocket-size densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) directed to classification of size-normalized colour images according to varieties of grapes captured in those images. We compare the DenseNet with three established small-size networks in terms of performance, inference time and model size. We propose a data augmentation that we use in training the networks. We train and evaluate the networks on in-field images. The trained networks distinguish between seven grapevine varieties and background, where four and three varieties, respectively, are of red and green grapes. Compared to the established networks, the DenseNet is characterized by near state-of-the-art performance, short inference time and minimal model size. All these aspects qualify the network for real-time, mobile and edge computing applications. The DenseNet opens possibilities for constructing affordable selective harvesters in accordance with agriculture 4.0.
Primary small bowel adenocarcinoma with loss of nuclear expression of PMS2 after resection of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mujeeb Ullah Ateeqa , Jaysing Anna , Hashmi Hassan Raza , Sohail Amir Humza , Li Wendi , Allendorf John D , Sarkar Suparna A
Published: January 2022

Mucinous cholangiocarcinoma is an extremely rare form of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that has been characterized by rapid growth, widespread metastasis and poor prognosis. These tumors have been shown to be a part of the Lynch syndrome tumor spectrum, however, the role of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in their development is poorly understood. We present the case of a 74-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma, who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and extended left hepatectomy and was diagnosed with a primary small bowel adenocarcinoma 2 years later. Immunohistochemistry testing for mismatch repair proteins was significant for the loss of nuclear expression of PMS2. Taken together, the cause of both the mucinous cholangiocarcinoma and primary small bowel adenocarcinoma with PMS2 loss in the patient presented here is likely genetic, suggestive of a cancer syndrome.
Effectiveness of Telementoring in Improving Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Competence in Managing Chronic Pain: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Flynn Diane M , Mathew Asha , McQuinn Honor , Ransom Jeffrey C , Steffen Alana D , Doorenbos Ardith Z
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Telementoring is an evidence-based approach to meet the educational needs of primary care providers (PCPs) and to improve the quality of chronic pain care. This mixed methods study evaluated the effectiveness of pain management telementoring in improving provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competence.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted at Madigan Army Medical Center. Using a non-randomized quasi-experimental approach, 25 providers were assigned to intervention arm and control arm (14 intervention and 13 control). Providers in the intervention group attended telementoring sessions. Videoconference technology was used to deliver weekly 90-minute TelePain sessions to the PCPs in the intervention group. The first 25-30 minutes of each session consisted of a didactic presentation led by a panel of interdisciplinary pain management clinicians. During the remaining 60 minutes, all PCPs in the intervention group presented clinical histories and asked specific management questions regarding patients of their choosing. An interdisciplinary panel of pain management clinicians provided telementoring consultations. The panel included experts from pain medicine, primary care, psychology or psychiatry, chiropractic, clinical pharmacy, and nursing. Changes in provider knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competence were evaluated using the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, KnowPain-12, and the Perceived Competence Scale (n = 23; 12 intervention and 11 control). Qualitative interviews were conducted among a subset of providers (n = 12; 8 intervention and 4 control), and provider narratives were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Increased provider knowledge (Z = 2.0, P = .046 [KnowPain-12]) and perceived competence (Z = 2.1, P = .033) were observed among intervention group providers. Provider narratives supported more implementation of non-pharmacological pain management strategies, use of strategies to engage patients in reducing reliance on opioids, and perception of TelePain as a helpful resource especially in the context of inadequate preparation in chronic pain management during professional training.

Conclusions

Telementoring may hold significant potential to support providers in their efforts to decrease use of prescription opioids. Overall, this study provides further support for the value of telementoring in improving comprehensive chronic pain management in military settings.
Successful treatment of relapsing polychondritis with circumferential bronchial wall thickening including the tracheomembranous area with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor
Authors: Maekawa Makiko , Yoshimura Motoki , Kadowaki Masako , Nakano Miki , Moriwaki Atsushi , Ueda Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Shigeru
Published: January 2022

This is a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with cough and anterior chest pain. Tracheal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis (RP). Although the patient had circumferential bronchial wall thickening extending to the tracheomembranous area and was positive foRPR3-ANCA, he did not meet the diagnostic criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The patient was refractory to prednisolone + methotrexate + azathioprine and responded to adalimumab, a biologic tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor effective in RP refractory cases. Herein, we report a rare case of RP with circumferential bronchial wall thickening extending to the tracheomembranous area.
The ‘other’ big complication: how chronic kidney disease impacts on cancer risks and outcomes
Authors: Lees Jennifer S , Elyan Benjamin M P , Herrmann Sandra M , Lang Ninian N , Jones Robert J , Mark Patrick B
Published: January 2022

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after cardiovascular disease. The incidence of CKD in patients with cancer is higher than in the non-cancer population. Across various populations, CKD is associated with an elevated risk of cancer incidence and cancer death compared with people without CKD, although the risks are cancer site-specific. Higher risk of cancer is detectable in mild CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2], although this risk is more obvious if sensitive markers of kidney disease are used, such as cystatin C. Independent of eGFR, albuminuria is associated with increased risk of site-specific cancer incidence and death. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms for the increased risk of cancer observed in CKD, including patient factors (shared risks such as cardiometabolic disease, obesity, smoking, diet, lifestyle and environment), disease (genetic, inflammatory and infective) and treatment factors. In particular, we discuss the ways in which renal adverse events associated with conventional chemotherapies and newer systemic anti-cancer therapies (including targeted and immunotherapies) may contribute to worse cancer outcomes in people with CKD. Finally, we review the potential benefits of acknowledging increased risk of cancer in risk prediction tools used for the management of CKD.
Adams–Oliver syndrome, intestinal obstruction and heart defects: a case series of aplasia cutis congenita
Authors: Baroudi Ihsan , Alakhras Ola , Douri Thaer , Alkhani Nedal
Published: January 2022

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital defect described by the absence of skin and occasionally subcutaneous tissues or bone. The management of ACC varies depending on the lesion size, location and associated abnormalities. Small lesions often heal spontaneously, whereas larger lesions are significant and usually associated with additional anomalies in other organs. This paper reports three cases, which describe large lesions of ACC, presented with other abnormalities (Adams–Oliver syndrome, intestinal obstruction and heart defect). Particular attention should be paid to the patient with large lesions of ACC to investigate more congenital anomalies.
COVID-19-positivity in a heart transplant recipient—antibody-mediated rejection or SARS-CoV-2-associated cardiac injury?
Authors: Hanson Paul J , Liu-Fei Felicia , Lai Chi , Toma Mustafa , McManus Bruce M
Published: January 2022

Through the ongoing and heightening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the heart has been implicated as a central target of injury associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Correspondingly, heart transplant recipients are a vulnerable population for which insufficient research has been conducted. Pathologic antibody-mediated rejection (pAMR) of cardiac allografts shares many characteristics with COVID-19-associated cardiac injury. In this case study, we investigate a 57-year-old female who contracted COVID-19 11 days postheart transplant and was observed to have pAMR while positive for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, resulting in a diagnostic conundrum.
Nothing
Authors: Sorensen Roy
Published: January 2022

This book views history through the lens of nothingness. Lao-tzu and Buddha inaugurated a tradition of relativizing ‘nothing’. In response to the Confucian “What should be done?” the nature-loving Taoist answers: “Nothing,” that is, no action. Lao-tzu seeks a niche for the individual through omission. You harmonize with the greater whole by avoiding the dissonance of action. In contrast, Buddha denies the presupposition that there exists an individual who needs to fit in with a larger whole. All wholes are fabrications. A tower of bricks is just a collection of bricks arranged tower-wise. Since ‘nothing’ is used to measure something, most nihilist lenses are colored by what they measure. In Eastern philosophers, there is a consensus that this relativity makes nothingness iridescent, changing hue depending on one’s perspective. But Western thinkers, starting with Parmenides, have an ambivalent fascination with absolute nothingness. Parmenides, in meticulous abhorrence of the void, argues strictly against its possibility. He contends that relative nothingness (indeed any negation) implies absolute nothingness. Consequently, there is only the One. Subsequent Western philosophers try to rescue relative nothings, eventually seeking help from Arabia, India, and China. Bolder critics of Parmenides also sought rescue of absolute nothingness. Leucippus shrank Parmenides’s One to ones and set these atoms in the Void. After five centuries, the void sucked in Christians, through their bold defense of the Genesis 1:1 creation story. Physicists followed a millennium later, through their interest in explanatory fertility of atomism. The book chronicles the rescue up to the twentieth century.
Conceptualizing and Theorizing the Indigenous Lifeworld
Authors: Walter Maggie
Published: January 2022

The Euro-industrial revolution, large-scale Anglo colonization, and the emergence of sociology all emanate from similar societal origins and time in history. Yet despite these shared roots, the impact of colonization on societies or on Indigenous Peoples is almost completely absent from sociological theorizing, even in colonized First Nation states such as Australia. But with colonization, the pivotal social issue for colonized Indigenous Peoples, then and now, a sociology without colonization is not an option for Indigenous sociologists. This chapter emphasizes this centrality through an embodied conceptualization and operationalization of distinctive Indigenous lived realities. Using the author’s Palawa lifeworld as the case study, it demonstrates the intertwined intersubjectivities of Indigenous peoplehood and of Indigenous colonized marginalization that make up the Indigenous lifeworld. In doing so, it also demonstrates that a sociology practiced without acknowledging colonization is, at its essence, flawed.
Reading Tovey’s Essays as Public Music Theory
Authors: Pearson Robert D.
Published: January 2022

Tovey’s anthology of program notes, the six-volume Essays in Musical Analysis, have become important texts in the history of music scholarship, yet their origin as program notes is sometimes overlooked because of analytical values that characterize later music scholarship. Diverse audiences used Tovey’s program notes in varied ways, requiring scholars to approach the notes in light of both their audiences and the history of music theory. This chapter uses the program note for Beethoven’s Overture to The Consecration of the House to consider the kinds of musical needs that Tovey’s program notes meet. It also discusses how that program note uses narrative strategies, in the form of three stories it tells, to help Tovey’s musical ideas negotiate the cultural and musical contexts of their milieus. Along the way, the chapter tries to understand Tovey’s writings on their own terms as artifacts of what we might call public music theory.
Reductive stress triggers ANAC017-mediated retrograde signaling to safeguard the endoplasmic reticulum by boosting mitochondrial respiratory capacity
Authors: Fuchs Philippe , Bohle Finja , Lichtenauer Sophie , Ugalde José Manuel , Feitosa Araujo Elias , Mansuroglu Berivan , Ruberti Cristina , Wagner Stephan , Müller-Schüssele Stefanie J , Meyer Andreas J , Schwarzländer Markus
Published: January 2022

Redox processes are at the heart of universal life processes, such as metabolism, signaling, or folding of secreted proteins. Redox landscapes differ between cell compartments and are strictly controlled to tolerate changing conditions and to avoid cell dysfunction. While a sophisticated antioxidant network counteracts oxidative stress, our understanding of reductive stress responses remains fragmentary. Here, we observed root growth impairment in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of mitochondrial alternative oxidase 1a (aox1a) in response to the model thiol reductant dithiothreitol (DTT). Mutants of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) displayed a similar phenotype indicating that impaired respiratory flexibility led to hypersensitivity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was enhanced in the mitochondrial mutants and limiting ER oxidoreductin capacity in the aox1a background led to synergistic root growth impairment by DTT, indicating that mitochondrial respiration alleviates reductive ER stress. The observations that DTT triggered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) reduction in vivo and that the presence of thiols led to electron transport chain activity in isolated mitochondria offer a biochemical framework of mitochondrion-mediated alleviation of thiol-mediated reductive stress. Ablation of transcription factor Arabidopsis NAC domain-containing protein17 (ANAC017) impaired the induction of AOX1a expression by DTT and led to DTT hypersensitivity, revealing that reductive stress tolerance is achieved by adjusting mitochondrial respiratory capacity via retrograde signaling. Our data reveal an unexpected role for mitochondrial respiratory flexibility and retrograde signaling in reductive stress tolerance involving inter-organelle redox crosstalk.
The Correlates and Characteristics of American State Identity
Authors: Pears Emily , Sydnor Emily
Published: January 2022

The Federalist Papers highlight the role that citizens’ state identities will play in American federalism, yet some scholars argue that contemporary Americans have shed their state attachments. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey, we demonstrate that individuals still hold dual national and state identities, and that the likelihood that one will feel attached to their state depends on a variety of individual characteristics such as education, identification with a marginalized or minority community within the state, and one’s ideological “fit” with the partisan majority in their state, leading to significant variance from one citizen to the next. Additionally, we find that this state identity is correlated with political attitudes, particularly trust in and assessment of state elected officials. Individuals who hold stronger state identities are also more likely to trust their state government. These findings have implications for our understanding of the dynamics of federalism in modern U.S. politics.
Accumulation of Disadvantages Across Multiple Domains Amongst Subgroups of Children of Parents With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: Clustering Data from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7
Authors: Krantz Mette Falkenberg , Ellersgaard Ditte , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Hemager Nicoline , Christiani Camilla , Spang Katrine Søborg , Burton Birgitte Klee , Gregersen Maja , Søndergaard Anne , Greve Aja , Gantriis Ditte Lou , Ohland Jessica , Mortensen Preben Bo , Werge Thomas , Nudel Ron , Wang Yunpeng , Hougaard David M , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Bliksted Vibeke , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Thorup Anne A E , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete
Published: January 2022

Objective

Children with familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) are frequently affected in a range of domains known to be precursors of severe mental illness. No previous studies have gathered known precursors to examine whether they distribute evenly across familial high risk (FHR) children or if they cluster among a smaller group. Since such examination holds the potential to identify high and low risk of severe mental illness groups, we aimed to cluster FHR and control children affected to various degrees.

Method

In The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7, a clinical cohort study, 514 7-year-old children with FHR-SZ or FHR-BP and matched controls were assessed in domains of motor function, neurocognition, emotional control, behavior, social cognition, self-perception, language, psychotic experiences, and psychopathology, and grouped using cluster analysis. Associations between clusters and parents' level of education, functioning, caregiver status, child's level of stimulation and support in the home, and polygenic risk scores were examined.

Results

A total of four groups including one of broadly affected children were identified. The broadly affected group was represented 4–5-fold (18.1%) amongst FHR-SZ children and 2–3-fold (10.2%) amongst FHR-BP children, compared to controls (4.1%) (P < .001), and the broadly affected group had lower levels of caregiver functioning (P < .001) and stimulation and support at home (P < .001).

Conclusion

Precursors of severe mental illness distribute unevenly among FHR children; while approximately half are not affected in any domains, the other half are affected to various degrees. Targeted support towards the affected groups is indicated.
Rates and Predictors of Disengagement and Strength of Engagement for People With a First Episode of Psychosis Using Early Intervention Services: A Systematic Review of Predictors and Meta-analysis of Disengagement Rates
Authors: Robson Elizabeth , Greenwood Kathryn
Published: January 2022

Disengagement is a problem in early intervention for psychosis services; identifying predictors is important to maximise mental-health care.

Aim

To establish the average disengagement rate, time to disengage, and predictors of disengagement or strength of engagement.

Methods

Papers were identified from 5 databases and citation searches; chosen if they reported dis/engagement in early intervention services, discarded if they didn't give a clear definition of disengagement. The studies were rated for quality and a systematic review identified predictors of engagement; meta-analysis established the average disengagement rate. Meta-regression evaluated associations between disengagement and year of study or length of follow up.

Results

26 papers were reviewed comprising over 6800 participants, meta-analysis of 15 eligible cohorts found that the average disengagement rate was 15.60% (95% confidence intervals 11.76%–20.45%), heterogeneity was considerable, important to note when reporting as a global average. Higher disengagement rates were associated with earlier studies and length of follow up; causal factors are unclear due to the lack of data and complex interaction between clinical and methodological issues. Robust predictors of disengagement were substance use, contact with the criminal justice system, medication non-adherence, and lower symptom severity.

Conclusions

Disengagement rates have declined although the cause is not clear partly due to methodological variation, we suggest a guide for defining disengagement. Underpinning reasons for disengagement could include people who struggle to engage (substance users), don’t want to engage (medication non-adherence) or feel they don’t need to engage (lower symptomology). Future research should focus on minority status, education/employment during treatment, and digital technologies.
Maturity of white matter tracts is associated with episodic memory recall during development
Authors: Bouyeure Antoine , Bekha Dhaif , Patil Sandesh , Hertz-Pannier Lucie , Noulhiane Marion
Published: January 2022

The structure-function relationship between white matter microstructure and episodic memory (EM) has been poorly studied in the developing brain, particularly in early childhood. Previous studies in adolescents and adults have shown that episodic memory recall is associated with prefrontal-limbic white matter microstructure. It is unknown whether this association is also observed during early ontogeny. Here, we investigated the association between prefrontal-limbic tract microstructure and EM performance in a cross-sectional sample of children aged 4 to 12 years. We used a multivariate partial least squares correlation approach to extract tract-specific latent variables representing shared information between age and diffusion parameters describing tract microstructure. Individual projections onto these latent variables describe patterns of interindividual differences in tract maturation that can be interpreted as scores of white matter tract microstructural maturity. Using these estimates of microstructural maturity, we showed that maturity scores of the uncinate fasciculus and dorsal cingulum bundle correlated with distinct measures of EM recall. Furthermore, the association between tract maturity scores and EM recall was comparable between younger and older children. Our results provide new evidence on the relation between white matter maturity and EM performance during development.
A New TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for Detecting the Blueberry Pathogen Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi
Authors: Dharmaraj Karthikeyan , Andersen Mark T. , Alexander Brett J. R. , Toome-Heller Merje
Published: January 2022

Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Mvc) is an important fungal pathogen of blueberry, causing mummy berry disease. While the symptoms of the advanced stages of the disease can be obvious, diagnosing its early stages can be challenging. To facilitate fast and sensitive screening of asymptomatic or latently infected plant material for Mvc, we developed a specific TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The assay was shown to be specific to Mvc and did not cross react with any of the other tested Monilinia species or other blueberry pathogens. Using the multicopy ITS region ensured high analytical sensitivity, enabling very low concentrations of Mvc DNA (0.1 pg) to be detected both in water and host DNA matrix. Comparable results were obtained in interlaboratory testing, showing that the assay is robust, and can be effectively used in other laboratories. Assay sensitivity was also confirmed on infected plant tissue, showing that it is effective in detecting the pathogen in infected asymptomatic stem tissue, as well as infected tissue that was mixed with healthy tissue at a ratio of 1:10 by weight. The assay was duplexed with a plant internal control (cytochrome oxidase gene) for simultaneous amplification of the pathogen and plant internal control in a single reaction. This new diagnostic tool can be used for sensitive and rapid screening of blueberry plants for the presence of Mvc in many different settings, e.g., for breeding programs, research, or biosecurity diagnostics.
Genomic and Pathogenic Diversity of Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus Isolates in Fields of China and Their Compatibility with Resistance Genes of Cultivated Barley
Authors: Jiang Congcong , Lei Miaomiao , Luan Haiye , Pan Yuhan , Zhang Li , Zhou Shenghui , Cai Yu , Xu Xiao , Shen Huiquan , Xu Rugen , Feng Zongyun , Zhang Jing , Yang Ping
Published: January 2022

Plant viruses transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis constantly threaten global production of cereal crops. Although the yellow mosaic virus disease of barley has been known to be present for a long time in China, the understanding of the diversity of the viral pathogens and their interactions with host resistance remains limited. In this study, we conducted a nationwide survey of P. graminis and the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) it transmits, followed by genomic and pathogenic diversity analyses of both viruses. BaYMV and BaMMV were found exclusively in the region downstream of the Yangtze River, despite the national distribution of its transmission vector P. graminis. Analysis of the genomic variations of BaYMV and BaMMV revealed an elevated rate of nonsynonymous substitutions in the viral genome-linked protein (VPg), in which most substitutions were located in its interaction surface with the host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). VPg sequence diversity was associated with the divergence in virus pathogenicity that was identified through multiple field trials. The majority of the resistance genes, including the widely applied rym4 and rym5 (alleles of eIF4E), as well as the combination of rym1/11 and rym5, are not sufficient to protect cultivated barley against viruses in China. Collectively, these results provide insights into virulence specificity and interaction mode with host resistance in cultivated barley, which has significant implications in breeding for the broad-spectrum resistance barley varieties.
Synergistic Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SDTB009 and Difenoconazole on Fusarium Wilt of Tomato
Authors: Xu Xueming , Wang Yongqiang , Lei Ting , Sohail Muhammad Aamir , Wang Jie , Wang Hongyan
Published: January 2022

Fusarium wilt is a destructive and widespread disease of tomatoes in China, and currently, there are no effective and environmentally friendly control measures. Combining biological control agents with fungicides has become an executable method for disease control. Here, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SDTB009 showed excellent in vitro antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and tolerance to high concentrations of difenoconazole (200 mg/liter) in vitro. The combination of SDTB009 and difenoconazole exhibited more effectiveness in mycelial growth inhibition than either treatment alone. Compared with that in the SDTB009 bulk solution in vitro (5.22 g/liter), surfactin titer reached 7.15 g/liter in the 100 mg/liter of difenoconazole-containing medium. Interestingly, the upregulation of 20 genes in the surfactin biosynthesis pathway from 2-fold to 4-fold was observed, explaining the synergistic effect. The SDTB009 combined with varying concentrations of difenoconazole (60, 120, and 150 g a.i./ha) showed a synergistic effect in two consecutive years of field trials. These results show that the integration of difenoconazole with the biocontrol agent B. amyloliquefaciens SDTB009 synergistically increases the control efficacy of the fungicide against tomato Fusarium wilt.
The long-term association between bilateral oophorectomy and depression: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bräuner Elvira V. , Wilson Louise F. , Koch Trine , Christensen Jane , Dehlendorff Christian , Duun-Henriksen Anne Katrine , Priskorn Lærke , Abildgaard Julie , Simonsen Mette K. , Jørgensen Jeanette T. , Lim Youn-Hee , Andersen Zorana J. , Juul Anders , Hickey Martha
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Depression is a leading cause of disability globally and affects more women than men. Ovarian sex steroids are thought to modify depression risk in women and interventions such as bilateral oophorectomy that permanently change the sex steroid milieu may increase the risk of depression. This study aimed to investigate the associations between unilateral and bilateral oophorectomy and depression over a 25-year period (1993-2018) and whether this varied by age at oophorectomy or use of menopausal hormone therapy.

Methods:

Twenty-five thousand one hundred eighty-eight nurses aged ≥45 years from the Danish Nurse Cohort were included. Nurses with depression prior to baseline were excluded. Poisson regression models, with log-transformed person-years as offset, were used to assess the associations between oophorectomy and incident depression. Nurses who retained their ovaries were the reference group.

Results:

Compared with nurses with retained ovaries, bilateral oophorectomy was associated with a slightly higher rate of depression (rate ratio [RR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.23), but without statistical significance. However, when stratified by age at oophorectomy, compared with nurses with retained ovaries, bilateral oophorectomy at age ≥51 years was associated with higher rates of depression (RR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00-1.34), but not bilateral oophorectomy at age <51 years (RR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.69-1.07); P value for difference in estimates = 0.02. No association between unilateral oophorectomy and depression was observed.

Conclusions:

In this cohort of Danish female nurses, bilateral oophorectomy at age ≥51 years, but not at younger ages, was associated with a slightly higher rate of depression compared with those who retained their ovaries.
Assessment of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) Code Assignment Validity for Case Finding of Medication-related Hypoglycemia Acute Care Visits Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Yang Tsu-Hsuan , Ziemba Robert , Shehab Nadine , Geller Andrew I. , Talreja Karan , Campbell Kyle N. , Budnitz Daniel S.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Administrative claims are commonly relied upon to identify hypoglycemia. We assessed validity of 14 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code assignments to identify medication-related hypoglycemia leading to acute care encounters.

Research Design and Methods:

A multisite, retrospective medical record review study was conducted in a sample of Medicare beneficiaries prescribed outpatient diabetes medications and who received hospital care between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017. Diagnosis codes were validated with structured medical record review using prespecified criteria (clinical presentation, blood glucose values, and treatments for hypoglycemia). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) were calculated and adjusted using sampling weights to correct for partial verification bias.

Results:

Among 990 encounters (496 cases, 494 controls), hypoglycemia codes demonstrated moderate PPV (69.2%; 95% confidence interval: 65.0–73.0) and moderate sensitivity (83.9%; 95% confidence interval: 70.0–95.5). Codes performed better at identifying hypoglycemic events among emergency department/observation encounters compared with hospitalizations (PPV 92.9%, sensitivity 100.0% vs. PPV 53.7%, sensitivity 71.0%). Accuracy varied by diagnosis position, especially for hospitalizations, with PPV of 95.6% versus 46.5% with hypoglycemia in primary versus secondary positions. Use of adverse event/poisoning codes did not improve accuracy; reliance on these codes alone would have missed 97% of true hypoglycemic events.

Conclusions:

Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes in administrative claims to identify medication-related hypoglycemia varied substantially by encounter type and diagnosis position. Consideration should be given to the trade-off between PPV and sensitivity when selecting codes, encounter types, and diagnosis positions to identify hypoglycemia.
Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis in Posttransplant Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Clonal Evolution and Donor-Derived Germline Variant Indicating Bone Marrow Chimerism
Authors: Kroloff Maxwell J. , Crane Genevieve M. , Press Richard D. , Lee Stephen , Larson Sarah M. , Xian Rena R.
Published: January 2022

The era of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to a deeper understanding of the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of this disease, in addition to revealing mechanisms of disease relapse. Clinical NGS is becoming routine in clinical practice in both solid organ and hematologic malignancies to identify molecular markers of disease that might assist with diagnosis, prognosis, and the treatment of cancer. These tumor-specific markers also enable treatment response monitoring, as they serve as clonal markers unique to the disease. Continuous molecular monitoring also allows identification of disease recurrence with potentially new actionable mutations. This practice is complicated in the setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplant, as the admixtures of donor and recipient DNA pose unique challenges to NGS interpretation. This case highlights the importance of systematic methodological interpretation of NGS results to better understand the clinical significance and impact of new mutations discovered posttransplant and reveals another potential application of NGS for bone marrow engraftment analysis.
Autologous Fat Grafting as Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sollie Martin , Toyserkani Navid M. , Bille Camilla , Thomsen Jørn Bo , Sørensen Jens Ahm
Published: January 2022

Background:

Postmastectomy pain syndrome is a common and disabling side effect of breast cancer treatment. Medical treatment seems to be insufficient for a considerable proportion of patients. Fat grafting has shown promise in relieving pain from postmastectomy pain syndrome, but no randomized clinical trial comparing fat grafting to a sham operation has been performed to date. The authors’ objective was to compare the effect of fat grafting compared to a sham operation for treating postmastectomy pain syndrome.

Methods:

The authors conducted a single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial with two arms between October of 2017 and September of 2020. The authors assessed four patients suffering from postmastectomy pain syndrome for inclusion. The intervention group received scar-releasing rigottomy and fat grafting to the area of pain. The control group received scar-releasing rigottomy and a placebo of saline solution. The primary outcome was the degree of pain measured using the Numerical Rating Scale. The secondary outcomes were the degree and quality of neuropathic pain (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory) and quality of life (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). Follow-up was 6 months.

Results:

Thirty-five participants completed follow-up: 18 participants in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. The authors detected no statistically significant changes in average and maximum pain or neuropathic pain. Regarding quality of life, the control group reported a statistically significant improvement in emotional problem parameters, whereas the intervention group reported a deterioration. The authors observed no serious adverse effects.

Conclusion:

The authors did not find evidence to support that fat grafting is superior to a placebo when treating postmastectomy pain syndrome.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, I.
Microvascular Breast Reconstruction in the Era of Value-Based Care: Use of a Cosurgeon Is Associated with Reduced Costs, Improved Outcomes, and Added Value
Authors: Mericli Alexander F. , Chu Carrie K. , Sisk Geoffroy C. , Largo Rene D. , Schaverien Mark V. , Liu Jun , Villa Mark T. , Garvey Patrick B.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Reducing complications while controlling costs is a central tenet of value-based health care. Bilateral microvascular breast reconstruction is a long operation with a relatively high complication rate. Using a two-surgeon team has been shown to improve safety in bilateral microvascular breast reconstruction; however, its impact on cost and efficiency has not been robustly studied. The authors hypothesized that a cosurgeon for bilateral microvascular breast reconstruction is safe, effective, and associated with reduced costs.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent bilateral microvascular breast reconstruction with either a single surgeon or surgeon/cosurgeon team over an 18-month period. Charges were converted to costs using the authors’ institutional cost-to-charge ratio. Surgeon opportunity costs were estimated using time-driven activity-based costing. Propensity scoring controlled for baseline characteristics between the two groups. A locally weighted logistic regression model analyzed the cosurgeon’s impact on outcomes and costs.

Results:

The authors included 150 bilateral microvascular breast reconstructions (60 single-surgeon and 90 surgeon/cosurgeon reconstructions) with a median follow-up of 15 months. After matching, the presence of a cosurgeon was associated with a significantly reduced mean operative duration (change in operative duration, −107 minutes; p < 0.001) and cost (change in total cost, −$1101.50; p < 0.001), which was even more pronounced when surgeon/cosurgeon teams worked together frequently (change in operative duration, −132 minutes; change in total cost, −$1389; p = 0.007). The weighted logistic regression models identified that a cosurgeon was protective against breast-site complications and trended toward reduced overall and major complication rates.

Conclusion:

The practice of using a of cosurgeon appears to be associated with reduced costs and improved outcomes, thereby potentially adding value to bilateral microvascular breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.
Is the Mirroring Technology Reliable in the Use of Computer-Aided Design for Orbital Reconstruction? Three-Dimensional Analysis of Asymmetry in the Orbits
Authors: Kang Hee Yong , Shin Ho Seong
Published: January 2022

Background:

Reconstruction of the orbital area remains a challenge in many cases. The recently introduced mirroring technology provides surgeons with patient-specific information for accurate orbital reconstruction; its premise is that the three-dimensional anatomy of craniofacial bone is symmetric. The purpose of this study was to verify this premise of the mirroring technology by assessing three-dimensional asymmetry.

Methods:

Facial computed tomographic data of 104 patients were imported into iPlan software. Four reference points (i.e., zygomaticofrontal suture, frontomaxillary suture, infraorbital foramen, and optic canal) were set, and the three-dimensional distances from these points to the anterior nasal spine on the mirroring plane were calculated. In addition, the orbital cavity volume and the three-dimensional distances from point optic canal to the other reference points were calculated for the assessment of the orbit anatomy. Three plastic surgeons performed these processes independently.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was found in the three-dimensional distances between anterior nasal spine and the four reference points bilaterally. Also, no statistically significant difference in the three-dimensional distances between the point representing the optic canal and other reference points was detected bilaterally. Orbital cavity volume showed a mild asymmetry, but the discrepancy was acceptable for computer-aided design applications. For all reference points, the maximum value of the 95 percent CI was less than 1.4 mm.

Conclusions:

The three-dimensional location of the orbits and the three-dimensional anatomy of the orbit were symmetric. Thus, the mirroring technology could be a reliable first step in computer-aided design, computer-assisted surgery, and navigation-assisted surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, V.