bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acesso à assistência oncológica: mapeamento dos fluxos origem-destino das internações e dos atendimentos ambulatoriais. O caso do câncer de mama
Authors: Oliveira Evangelina Xavier Gouveia de , Melo Enirtes Caetano Prates , Pinheiro Rejane Sobrino , Noronha Cláudio Pompeiano , Carvalho Marilia Sá
Published: March 2011

Este estudo analisa o fluxo de pacientes atendidas com câncer de mama, no Brasil, no âmbito do SUS, segundo o tipo de tratamento recebido. Foram identificadas redes de atenção oncológica com base nas informações do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Sistema Informações Ambulatoriais de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, relativas ao período 2005-2006, utilizando os programas TabWin e TerraView. O atendimento está amplamente distribuído pelo território nacional, com forte concentração nos maiores centros, e indícios de escassez de atendimento mesmo nas regiões onde a oferta de serviços é maior. Grande proporção das pacientes reside a mais de 150km do local de atendimento. A identificação das redes constitui ferramenta com aplicação importante no planejamento e na melhoria da distribuição dos serviços, considerando que o acesso geográfico é relevante para o desfecho do tratamento. A redução das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade depende da identificação precoce, pois, uma vez identificado o caso, o tratamento adequado e ágil concorre para reduzir os impactos da doença.
Uso do método Grade of Membership na identificação de perfis de consumo e comportamento alimentar de adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Letícia de Oliveira , Alves Luciana Correia , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de , Leite Iuri da Costa , Machado Carla Jorge
Published: March 2011

Com objetivo de identificar perfis de consumo e de comportamentos alimentares e descrever suas prevalências, aplicou-se o método Grade of Membership em dados de um inquérito sobre fatores de risco à saúde de adolescentes do ensino fundamental da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N = 1.632). Foram gerados quatro perfis: perfil "A" (12,1%), caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável, menos frequente dos alimentos não saudáveis e pela presença de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis; perfil "B" (45,8%), marcado pelo hábito de realizar o desjejum e três refeições/dia, consumo menos frequente de legumes e frutas e de cinco dos marcadores de alimentação não saudável; perfil "C" (22,8%), ausência de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis e pelo consumo menos frequente de legumes, frutas, leite, embutidos, biscoitos e refrigerantes; e perfil "D", caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos não saudáveis e menos frequente de legumes e frutas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de promoção da alimentação saudável nesta população.
Recommended Basic Science Foundation Necessary to Prepare Pharmacists to Manage Personalized Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Cavallari Larisa H. , Overholser Brian R. , Anderson Douglas , Boyce Eric , Buie Larry , Formea Christine M. , Gallagher Jason C. , Hayney Mary S. , Oestreich Julie
Published: March 2011

In recent years, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved revised labeling for several existing drugs to include pharmacogenomic information, marking an important step toward more personalized medicine. In addition, it is anticipated that many newly approved drugs may be restricted to use in individuals with certain genotypes. In response to the wealth of pharmacogenomic data generated during the past decade and its implications for pharmacy practice, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Educational Affairs Committee was charged with describing the basic science foundation necessary to prepare future pharmacists to manage personalized, pharmaco‐genetically driven therapy. The committee identified four key areas deemed essential components of a pharmacy curriculum related to advances in genomics: personalized medicine concepts and terminology, with a focus on genomics; genomic applications in basic and applied pharmaceutical sciences; biotechnology; and bioinformatics. Each section of this commentary contains one or more broad curricular outcomes to be achieved, suggested implementations to address each outcome, and benchmark performance indicators of learning outcomes for recent graduates from doctor of pharmacy educational programs. There was unanimous agreement among committee members that the curricular outcomes described are the minimum expectation for future pharmacists to provide optimal patient care in the era of personalized medicine. Material taught in each area should evolve with progress in the field, particularly for gene‐drug response associations, biotechnology, and bioinformatics. As the areas of proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics evolve along with their implications for personalized drug therapy, they should also be incorporated into the curriculum. Self‐directed learning behaviors should be encouraged, when possible, to better prepare students to advance their skills and knowledge with the science. Faculty development will likely be necessary for the widespread education of pharmacy students in personalized medicine. It is our hope that this commentary will serve as a useful resource for academicians involved in curricular content development for pharmacy students.
Molecular Detection of Brucella spp. DNA in Patients with Manifestations Compatible with Emotional Disorders
Authors: Kechagia M. , Mitka S. , Papadogiannaki E. , Kontos V. , Koutis C.
Published: March 2011

Objectives:

Human brucellosis is a common zoonosis in Greece and an important Public Health issue. Its true
incidence is likely to be higher than reported due to underreporting and misdiagnosing of chronic forms which can
manifest with depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible
presence of Brucella DNA in the blood of patients with emotional disorders who did not have acute brucellosis or a
diagnosis of chronic brucellosis.

Methods:

From March 2009 to May 2009, inhabitants of a Greek region endemic for brucellosis were examined and
grouped as “patients” and “controls” respectively on the basis of the presence or absence of a diagnosis of emotional
disorder. A total of 78 whole blood samples were obtained and analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific
primers.

Results:

Brucella DNA was detected in 3 (15%) out of 20 patients with emotional disorders, whereas all controls were found to be negative.

Conclusions:

The appearance of psychiatric - mainly depressive - symptoms in inhabitants of brucellosis endemic areas should raise a suspicion of chronic brucellosis.
Biomarkers in Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mertens Marty T , Singh Jasvinder A
Published: March 2011

We performed a systematic review of all MEDLINE-published studies of biomarkers in arthroplasty. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria; majority evaluated biomarkers for osteolysis, aseptic prosthetic loosening, and prosthetic infections. Four studies reported an elevated Cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (urine or serum) in patients with osteolysis or aseptic prosthetic loosening when compared to appropriate controls. Two or more studies each found elevated C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and interleukin-6 in patients with infected prosthetic joints compared to controls. Most other biomarkers were either examined by single studies or had inconsistent or insignificant associations with outcomes. We conclude that the majority of the biomarkers currently lack the evidence to be considered as biomarkers for arthroplasty outcomes. Further studies are needed.
Evaluation of physical, textural and microstructural properties of dough and honey biscuits enriched with buckwheat and rye
Authors: Filipcev Bojana , Simurina Olivera , Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Vujakovic Milka
Published: March 2011

Wholegrain buckwheat and rye flours were used to partially replace wheat
flour in honey biscuit formulation. Characteristics of dough and baked
biscuits were studied. Buckwheat was the ingredient that dominantly affected
the dough and biscuit quality. Doughs with buckwheat were significantly
harder and less sticky. Significant lowering of dough cohesiveness was found
only at the maximal tested buckwheat dose. The biscuits enriched with
buckwheat had increased spread, hardness and fracturability. Rye showed an
improving effect on dough (decreased hardness, increased cohesiveness) and
biscuit characteristics (decreased spread, hardness and fracturability) but
the effect did not reach significant level. However, no significant
differences in sensory tests were obtained among the tested biscuits. Hence,
buckwheat has a potential to be used as an ingredient in honey biscuit making
to develop more nutritional end-product especially if adequate processing
methods to improve its suitability in food applications are additionally
considered.
On generalized inverses of singular matrix pencils
Authors: Röbenack Klaus , Reinschke Kurt
Published: March 2011

On generalized inverses of singular matrix pencils

Linear time-invariant networks are modelled by linear differential-algebraic equations with constant coefficients. These equations can be represented by a matrix pencil. Many publications on this subject are restricted to regular matrix pencils. In particular, the influence of the Weierstrass structure of a regular pencil on the poles of its inverse is well known. In this paper we investigate singular matrix pencils. The relations between the Kronecker structure of a singular matrix pencil and the multiplicity of poles at zero of the Moore-Penrose inverse and the Drazin inverse of the rational matrix are investigated. We present example networks whose circuit equations yield singular matrix pencils.
Numerical analysis of effect of asymmetric stern of ship on its screw propeller efficiency
Authors: Abramowski Tomasz , Żelazny Katarzyna , Szelangiewicz Tadeusz
Published: March 2011

Numerical analysis of effect of asymmetric stern of ship on its screw propeller efficiency

During designing the ship its designer tends to achieve as-high-as possible efficiency of ship's propulsion system. The greatest impact on the efficiency is introduced by ship's screw propeller whose efficiency depends not only on its geometry but also distribution of wake current velocity. To change wake current distribution and improve propeller efficiency an asymmetric form is usually applied to stern part of ship hull. This paper presents results of numerical analysis of wake current velocity distribution, performed by using a CFD method for a B 573 ship of symmetric stern and the same ship of an asymmetric stern. Next, the mean values of screw propeller efficiency in non-homogenous water velocity field were calculated for both the hull versions of B 573 ship.
Influence of main design parameters of ship propeller shaft water-lubricated bearings on their properties
Authors: Litwin Wojciech
Published: March 2011

Influence of main design parameters of ship propeller shaft water-lubricated bearings on their properties

In recent years more and more frequently can be met ships in which propeller shaft water-lubricated polymer bearings have been applied. It results from their simplicity and associated relatively low initial and operational cost as compared with the complex classical sealed system based on oil-lubricated bearings. It is worth mentioning that the water-lubricated bearings are also environmentally friendly as no risk of pollution with lubricating oil used in classical systems, is involved. Design procedure of bearings in question based on materials made available by producers is relatively simple. However it turns out that choice of an appropriate sliding material, clearance value and optimum arrangement of lubricating grooves may greatly influence bearing's properties. As results from the performed research investigations, bearing of the kind is a highly sensitive unit. Problems of choosing a suitable bearing clearance, designing an optimum bush geometry, selecting a proper bush material are crucial for life time of the bearing. In particular the problem is in forming hydrodynamical properties of bearing as owing to its operation in the fluid friction regime durability of bearings, the very responsible units of propulsion transmission system, can be greatly extended.
Egalitarianism and Educational Excellence
Authors: Condron Dennis J.
Published: March 2011

Explanations for U.S. students’ performance on international comparisons of educational achievement abound, with much of the scholarly and public discussion centering on cross-national differences in education systems. The author argues that the connection between economic inequality and educational achievement in affluent societies deserves far more attention than it receives. Analyses of data from the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment and other sources indicate that egalitarian countries have higher average achievement, higher percentages of very highly skilled students, and lower percentages of very low-skilled students than do less egalitarian countries. These patterns suggest that egalitarianism and educational excellence are compatible goals for affluent societies. The author discusses the implications of these findings for educational and economic policy in the United States.
Confounds in Assessing the Associations Between Biliteracy and English Language Proficiency
Authors: Proctor C. Patrick , Silverman Rebecca D.
Published: March 2011

It has long been theorized, if not exhaustively researched, that bilingualism and biliteracy are beneficial in promoting linguistic and academic gains; but the operationalization of these constructs is confounding. In the current study, the authors worked with 118 Spanish–English bilingual Latina/o students and investigated whether Spanish–English biliteracy (vs. English monoliteracy) was associated with stronger performance on three English metalinguistic measures. Results indicated an effect of biliteracy on these measures; however, English predictors were confounded with the biliteracy indicator, making results difficult to interpret. The authors argue that new measures that tap bilingualism and biliteracy as a single construct are necessary to move the field forward.
Foires et marchés en Maine-et-Loire 1789 - 1815
Authors: Hartmann Anne-Laure
Published: March 2011

During the French Revolution and the Empire, fairs and markets apparently continued to be periodic meetings of great importance for the people of Maine et Loire. Far from decreasing as a resuit of the liber alization of exchange, the number of these institutions, often inherited from the «Ancien Régime», increased untill 1806. Fairs and markets began to be conceived in relatively new terms, but every attempt for transformation of the network still clashed with numerous economic and cultural obstacles.
Le docteur Bury : essai biographique (1814 - 1897)
Authors: Emeriau Isabelle
Published: March 2011

Jacques-Eugène Bury was born in Saumur in 1814. After his studies in Angers, then in Paris, he settled in Saumur as a doctor where his father was a medical officer of health. Interested in politic, he took part in la Révolution de 1848. In 1860, he became counceller and later mayor of Saumur (1874-1875). During the war against Prussians, he became one of Saumur's heroes because of his devotion to the sicks. Republican counceller, he was elected to the French Parliament (1881-1885). Old, he settled in Pocé and consacreted his life to wine and to inaugure schools or exhibitions
Implantation et architecture des tanneries et mégisseries d'Ille-et-Vilaine aux XIXe et XXe siècles
Authors: Jovin Servane
Published: March 2011

Les tanneries et les mégisseries, très nombreuses en Ille-et-Vilaine, se caractérisent, au-delà de quelques points communs, essentiellement par leur diversité. Du point de vue de l'implantation, elles sont aussi bien urbaines que rurales. Les premières sont soit regroupées, créant ainsi des quartiers de tanneurs, soit dispersées dans toute la ville au fil de l'eau. Les secondes sont majoritairement installées dans les bourgs. Leur architecture revêt également de multiples aspects : du bâtiment construit selon des techniques traditionnelles, à celui qui intègre un certain nombre de caractéristiques industrielles. Enfin, leurs plans d'organisation interne révèlent de nombreuses possibilités d'agencement. La complexité est fonction de la taille de l'établissement (artisanal ou industriel) mais c'est toujours la fonctionnalité qui est privilégiée.
Réfugiés, prisonniers et sentiment national en milieu rural en 1914-1918. Vers une nouvelle approche de l'Union Sacrée
Authors: Richard Ronan
Published: March 2011

Populations displaced in the First World War remain largely unkown, though they had a major impact on life in the rear and on the mental representations of the populations who sheltered them. The Sacred Union implied free and spontaneous integration of colonial workers, and repressive rejection of those belonging to enemy nations, wether they be civilians or soldiers. As soon as 1915, the coming back on the forefront of material and manpower concerns entailed a progressive reversal of representations and of local policies : economic actors and simple citizen were all fighting over enemy workforce, whereas French of Belgian refugees became unwelcome, particularly in the countryside. Beyond accusations about their would-be idleness, emerges an actual rejection of difference. If the Sacred Union was never a myth in the rural world, it proved fragile in the long run, thus demonstrating that at the beginning of this century the sense of nationhood was an ideal cut out for a short war.
Air-stable, recyclable, and time-efficient diphenylphosphinite cellulose-supported palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions
Authors: Du Qingwei , Li Yiqun
Published: March 2011

A diphenylphosphinite cellulose palladium complex (Cell–OPPh2–Pd0) was found to be a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. The products were obtained in good to excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration and reused for at least 6 cycles without losing its activity.
Reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the pullet carpet shell Venerupis senegalensis (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Ria de Aveiro (northwestern coast of Portugal)
Authors: Joaquim Sandra , Matias Domitília , Matias Ana Margarete , Moura Paula , Arnold William S. , Chícharo Luís , Baptista Gaspar Miguel
Published: March 2011

The present study characterizes the reproductive cycle of Venerupis senegalensis (=V. pullastra) from Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) as well as its nutrient storage and exploitation strategy. The reproductive cycle followed a seasonal cycle that correlated negatively with sea surface temperature, and comprised a ripe stage in winter followed by a spawning period that began in late winter and ended in the early summer. This extended spawning may be an advantageous strategy for the species because it ensures a continuous supply of settlers. Gametogenesis began in late summer/early autumn and intensified with the decrease in temperature during autumn. The condition index increased even during the spawning period, which indicates that there is rapid recovery and that reserves are accumulated during late summer and used later in the gametogenic process. Proteins did not contribute significantly to gametogenesis and the glycogen pattern is typical of conservative species, since gametogenesis depends largely on the amount of glycogen stored. The lipid storage and utilization cycle showed that gametogenesis took place in autumn/winter and that energy reserves were accumulated in summer.
Revision of Hermodice Kinberg, 1857 (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae)
Authors: Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Salazar-Vallejo Sergio I.
Published: March 2011

The genus Hermodice Kinberg, 1857 was established with the species Aphrodita carunculata Pallas, 1766, based on the shape and development of the caruncle. Several species were later described within the genus; however, it is currently regarded as monotypical, with H. carunculata as a widespread species. An evaluation of available type and non-type specimens together with observations of living specimens has allowed the diagnostic features to be refined, and two new features have been included: the number of branchial filaments and the anal lobe. Consequently, in this study we have been able to confirm the differences between Hermodice and Pherecardia Horst, 1886. The type species, H. carunculata, has been redescribed, and H. nigrolineata Baird, 1870 has been re-established. Further, H. formosa (Quatrefages, 1866) has been transferred to Pherecardia, together with H. pennata Treadwell, 1906 and H. distincta Hoagland, 1920.
Microhabitat segregation and physiological differences in two species of intertidal porcellanid crabs (Genus Petrolisthes) on the southern coast of Chile
Authors: Lagos Marcelo E. , Muñoz José L. , Contreras Daniela A. , Cáceres Cristian W.
Published: March 2011

Intertidal crustaceans have a high degree of physiological plasticity, which allows them to withstand periods of water emersion. In this study we examine the physiological constraints that determine the distribution and abundance of the intertidal porcellanid crabs Petrolisthes laevigatus and Petrolisthes violaceus. This study evaluates the distribution and abundance of the two species at different tidal heights, in relation to haemocyanin concentration and LDH activity, resistance to air desiccation, thermal tolerance, and resistance to hypoxic water. The results showed that Petrolisthes laevigatus was more abundant at the high tide level than Petrolisthes violaceus, which was more abundant at the low tide level. Petrolisthes laevigatus showed greater tolerance to high temperatures and lower tolerance to desiccation when exposed to air than P. violaceus, which was also more tolerant to hypoxia during prolonged exposure. No differences were found in haemocyanin concentration and LDH activity. These findings support the idea of an evolutionary gradient towards terrestrial adaptations. Of the two species, Petrolisthes laevigatus showed the most advanced physiological features for semi-terrestrial specialization.
Discards of the commercial boat seine fisheries on Posidonia oceanica beds in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Cetinić Perica , Škeljo Frane , Ferri Josipa
Published: March 2011

Scientific observer records were used to estimate the retained and discarded catch composition of the commercial boat seine fisheries over Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile meadows in the eastern Adriatic, from November 2008 to December 2009. A total of 91 fish and cephalopod species were recorded in the catches, of which 20 species were always retained, 40 were always discarded and the remaining 31 were selected depending on size (only larger specimens were retained). The most abundant species in the retained catch were Spicara smaris, Atherina hepsetus and Mullus barbatus, while Chromis chromis, Symphodus ocellatus and small specimens of Boops boops dominated the discards. An estimated 43.5% by number and 28.5% by weight of the total catch were discarded. Since the minimum landing size (MLS) is regulated for only 4 out of the 15 most important species in this study, and even these regulations are only partially followed, discarding practices were generally market-driven. The retained and discarded amounts of the catch as well as the numbers of retained and discarded species showed a seasonal pattern. The catches recorded during summer/autumn were generally larger than those in winter/spring. High rates of immature specimens were observed for the most important species, which is probably related to the role of Posidonia beds as important nursery grounds.
Ecosystem structure and trophic analysis of Angolan fishery landings
Authors: Angelini Ronaldo , Vaz-Velho Filomena
Published: March 2011

Information on the mean trophic level of fishery landings in Angola and the output from a preliminary Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model were used to examine the dynamics of the Angolan marine ecosystem. Results were compared with the nearby Namibian and South African ecosystems, which share some of the exploited fish populations. The results show that: (i) The mean trophic level of Angola’s fish landings has not decreased over the years; (ii) There are significant correlations between the landings of Angola, Namibia and South Africa; (iii) The ecosystem attributes calculated by the EwE models for the three ecosystems were similar, and the main differences were related to the magnitude of flows and biomass; (iv) The similarity among ecosystem trends for Namibia, South Africa and Angola re-emphasizes the need to continue collaborative regional studies on the fish stocks and their ecosystems. To improve the Angolan model it is necessary to gain a better understanding of plankton dynamics because plankton are essential for Sardinella spp. An expanded analysis of the gut contents of the fish species occupying Angola’s coastline is also necessary.
Nutrient preservation, analysis precision and quality control of an oceanographic database of inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a from the NW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Segura-Noguera Mariona , Cruzado Antonio , Blasco Dolors
Published: March 2011

Oceanographic data from 28 cruises performed in the NW Mediterranean Sea between 1982 and 2003 and data from historical databases, amounting to more than 100000 data points, are used to define the quality control ranges at standard level depths of dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. The quality of each of the key variables and the analytical precision are assessed. The results indicate that freezing is a valid preservation method for phosphate, nitrate, silicate and nitrite in samples from the NW Mediterranean Sea, though their relative error increases (6.3%, –1.6%, –2.5% and –11.4%, respectively). In contrast, freezing nutrient samples on the cruises gathered negatively affected the analytical precision and accuracy of the ammonium analysis. The analysis precision is also estimated using different approximations, the most realistic being the use of replicate samples from the same sampling bottle. Except for phosphate and dissolved oxygen, specific quality control ranges for mixed water columns, usually found in winter, have to be defined, since the surface concentrations are particularly high due to deep water mixing. The quality-controls described in this work are an important and useful tool for validating data and for detecting erroneous or anomalous data obtained in both historical and future works in the NW Mediterranean Sea.
Parasites and hystopathology of Mullus barbatus and Citharus linguatula (Pisces) from two sites in the NW Mediterranean with different degrees of pollution
Authors: Carreras-Aubets Marta , Montero Francisco Esteban , Padrós Francesc , Crespo Silvia , Carrassón Maite
Published: March 2011

The usefulness of fish parasite communities as bioindicators of environmental stress was tested on two benthic fish species, the red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and the spotted flounder (Citharus linguatula), during the spring of 2006 at two sites of the Catalan coast (northwestern Mediterranean): an anthropogenic-impacted area located close to the city of Barcelona, and a less polluted area close to Blanes (Girona). Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices and condition factor were determined for the fishes caught. Prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and species richness of the parasites found in the survey were calculated for both species and locations, and the main histological alterations were recorded. Cysts of unknown aetiology and intestinal coccidians were reported only in red mullets from the area close to Barcelona, which were highly parasitized by the digenean Opecoeloides furcatus and the nematode Capillaria sp. However, a higher prevalence of Ichthyophonus sp. was reported in the spotted flounder from Blanes. Cysts of unknown aetiology, some nematodes and Ichthyophonus sp. may be associated with pollution.
Reproductive characteristics of the bathyal viviparous fish Cataetyx alleni (Osteichthyes: Bythitidae) from the southeastern Sardinian Sea (central-western Mediterranean) MARIA
Authors: Follesa Maria Cristina , Porcu Cristina , Mulas Antonello , Salvador Susanna , Cau Angelo
Published: March 2011

The reproductive biology of the bathyal viviparous fish Cataetyx alleni was described based on 34 specimens (17 females and 17 males) caught during experimental trawl surveys carried out between 800 and 1700 m depth in the southeastern Sardinian Sea (central-western Mediterranean). Males and females were present at similar size intervals. For the first time, the internal fertilization was demonstrated by the finding of free spermatozoa scattered in the ovarian cavity. Based on macroscopic and histological gonad analysis, mature females were found in summer, autumn and winter, suggesting a long reproductive period. Inseminated females were observed only in November and January, in correspondence with the higher maturity of the males. These results suggest a probable reproductive peak with copulation in autumn-winter. Moreover, histological examination demonstrated that the ovaries of this member of the family Bythitidae had a ‘group-synchronous’ pattern. No spermatophores in males and embryos in females were observed in the histological sections analysed.
Coralligenous habitat: patterns of vertical distribution of macroalgal assemblages
Authors: Piazzi Luigi , Balata David
Published: March 2011

The present study investigates patterns of distribution of macroalgal coralligenous assemblages in relation to depth and evaluates the role of different environmental conditions on these patterns. Two depths (30 and 40 m) were investigated off small islands and off continental coasts in order to select two different environmental conditions. Results showed differences between depths in the structure of assemblages around islands, while along the continental coasts these patterns were not evident. Moreover, differences between assemblages related to different environmental conditions were more evident in the shallower zone of distribution of the coralligenous habitat. This correlative study did not allow us to identify any cause-effect relationship, but patterns we detected agree with those of other studies, suggesting that alterations in the environmental conditions may be the cause of the decrease in differences among assemblages developing at different depths and may lead to a higher spatial homogenization and an impoverishment of the whole subtidal system.
Prediction of High Speed Machining Cutting Forces Using a Variable Flow Stress Machining Theory
Authors: Mathew Philip
Published: March 2011

A variable flow stress machining theory is described where it is used to predict the cutting forces associated with High Speed Machining (HSM) process. The predicted and experimental results for different materials and different cutting conditions are presented and compared and it is shown that the theory developed is capable of predicting the cutting forces and the other parameters associated with the HSM process. The extension of the theory to HSM has been successful within the machining conditions presented here in this paper. Further work is necessary to improve this theory further.
Temperatures in High Speed Grinding of TC4 with a Vitrified CBN Wheel
Authors: Yu X.H. , Huang Guo Qin , Fang Cong Fu , Huang Hui , Guo H. , Xu Xi Peng
Published: March 2011

An investigation is reported on the temperature in grinding of titanium alloy (TC4) by using a vitrified CBN wheel at grinding speed up to 120m/s. The temperatures under different grinding parameters were measured by using a sandwiched foil thermocouple. Coupled with the SEM observations on the ground workpiece surfaces, characteristics of temperature in high speed grinding were analyzed and compared with the temperatures in grinding at normal speeds. It is found that grind speed is the most significant factor to determine temperatures, which might be associated with the increase of material removal in the plastic way at higher grinding speed.
Research on Cutting Performances of Tool Rounded Cutting Edge in High Speed Milling Hardened Steel
Authors: Yang Shu Cai , Zheng Min Li , Fan Yi Hang , Xu W.
Published: March 2011

Simulation models of both dynamic cutting forces and cutting temperatures considering effects of tool rounded cutting edge are established based on analysis of the influences of rounded cutting edge on high speed milling process. Influence law of tool rounded cutting edge radius on force and heat distribution in high speed milling hardened steel has been obtained according to the simulation results and also the simulation results have been verified by experiments. The results indicate that dynamic performances of high speed milling cutter in cutting hardened steel are directly influenced by rounded cutting edge radius, and the cutting forces fluctuated greatly with the variation of rounded cutting edge radius. Variations of rounded cutting edge radius have greater impact on cutting temperatures when the rounded cutting edge radius is less than 40μm. Cutting temperature rise slowly with the increase of rounded cutting edge radius when the rounded cutting edge radiuses are larger than 40μm. Simulation can precisely predict cutting temperatures and cutting forces considering influences of rounded cutting edge radius. Rounded cutting edge radius should be kept around 40~45μm for optimal cutting performances according to its influences on cutting forces and cutting temperatures in high speed milling hardened steel.
Study of Exit Burr Formation of CFRP
Authors: Ji Wei , Wang Yi Wen , Li Y.F. , Yan F.G. , Liu X.L.
Published: March 2011

Microcosmic and macroscopic form of CFRP holes drilled by new PCD tool were observed in this paper. Location and distribution of burr and fiber direction of burr were analyzed, and formation mechanism of burr of CFRP hole exit is studied tentatively. The methods of inhibit the formation of burr formation were put forward from the design principles of the tool geometry parameters.
Method of Recognizing of Chip Shape Based on Machine Vision Technology
Authors: Qing K.E. , Wang Yi Wen , Liu Li Jia , Zhang Z.R. , Yu Z.Q.
Published: March 2011

According to the problem of chip shape monitoring in machining process, this paper presents a methods of the recognition of shape based on machine vision technology. First make a image processing such as binary processing、opening operation、expansion treatment and edge detection to the image of chip by researching the features of the image of the typical chip which are C-shape chip、long spiral chip、random chip and zonal chip. Then automatically identifying the chip shape by the features that euler number and number of curvature local maximum. The experiment proved this methods feasible and effectively to identifying the chip shape and classification by the features of image of chip.
Analysis on the Coupling Error of Laser and Water-Jet in Water-Jet Guided Laser Micromachining
Authors: Yang L.J. , Li C.Q. , Tang J. , Wang Y. , Chen Y.B.
Published: March 2011

Water-jet guided laser micromachining (WJGLM) is the new development of laser machining. It couples the focal laser beam of particular wavelength (low absorptivity of water) with the high speed water-jet which works as the multimode fiber. This paper investigated the necessary condition of coupling of laser and water-jet, and gave the fundamental research on the coupling error of laser coupling into the water-jet. On base of the analysis, the coupling unit is design for the WJGLM, the experimental results show that good cutting quality of Si wafer can be acquired by WJGLM with the coupling unit.
Study on Residual Stress for High-Speed Cutting Titanium Alloy Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Wang M.H. , Liu Zhong Hai , Wang Hu Jun
Published: March 2011

In order to improve machined surface quality and reduce the deformation, the residual stress involved in cutting titanium alloy was studied under different cutting speed and cutting depth by finite element simulation method. The results indicate that the increase of cutting speed and cutting depth are helpful to the surface residual compressive stress generating. However the increase of cutting speed also leads to the increase of surface residual tensile stress, the effect degree is relatively small. It is required to select higher cutting speed and smaller cutting depth to improve the surface stress state and reduce the unexpected distortion.
Comparative Study on 2A70 Aluminum Alloy High-Speed Milling Cutting Force Model
Authors: Wang Xue Hui , Feng Ming Jun , Zhao Can
Published: March 2011

The mechanical properties of flat end mill is analyzed the high-speed milling, the linear model for milling force is established. And the 2A70 aluminum alloy four-factor four-level orthogonal milling tests are carried out, the nonlinear model of milling is set up by using regression analysis method. The comparative analysis is made between the linear model and nonlinear model, whose results show that the two models have good agreement on the value and trend of change, which is the basis of the follow-up tool path optimization, fault diagnosis and so on.
Remote Control of Servo Motor Based on ZigBee Module and PLC
Authors: Zhou L. , Liao Zhi Rong , Liang X.R. , Pan G.Q. , Ren Y.H.
Published: March 2011

Remote control of servo motor is the key technology to realize the unmanned driving of the auto test vehicle. Wireless control unites has been wildly used in remote control. In this paper, through using ZigBee module to transfer data in distance, using PLC as the hypogyny computer and applying the Host Link Units and the ActiveX MSComm to realize serial port correspondence, a method is put forward to remote control the servo motor and the test had done shows this method is feasible.
Deformation Control and Chatter Suppression in 5-Axis Milling of Thin-Walled Blade
Authors: Wu Bao Hai , Luo Ming , Zhang Ding Hua , Zhou X.
Published: March 2011

This paper deals with deformation control and chatter suppression in the milling of thin-walled blade. The purpose is to generate tool paths that can control machining deformation and suppress chatter during milling. To achieve this object, symmetrical spiral milling approach is proposed to release residual stress on both sides of the blade in the same machining circle to control machining deformation. Besides, in order to suppress chatter during milling of thin-walled blade, nonuniform-allowance is left on both sides of the blade during machining, this can effectively increase the rigidity, thereby chatter cannot easily occur during machining. Machining experiments showed that the proposed approaches can dramatically improve the machining quality, decrease deformation and suppress chatter in the milling of thin-walled blade.
Research on the Topography Features of the Densely Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheel Dressed by Elliptical Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Zhao Bo , Zhao C.Y. , Gao G.F.
Published: March 2011

In this paper, on the influence of different dressing methods, such as elliptical ultrasonic vibration, on the grinding wheel bonded delta, the morphology of abrasive grains of wheel, the protrusion height and the grinding wheel topography was studied by experiment. The experiment shows that the abrasive grains of grinding wheel surface dressed by elliptical ultrasonic vibration are great in protrusion height and trench depth, and the bonded delta grain after grinding is narrow, short, and irregular with significant reduced semi-surrounded area compared with by ordinary dressing method. The abrasive grains of metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel surface dressed by elliptical ultrasonic vibration are basically intact, and due to the high-speed collision between abrasive grains, local micro-break is easy to occur on the abrasive grains to form multiple micro-cutting edges. The abrasive grains of grinding wheel surface dressed by ordinary dressing method are fractured and broken, while that of resin-bonded grinding wheel surface have a high ratio to be loose and shedding. For the metal or resin-bonded grinding wheel surface dressed by elliptical ultrasonic vibration, its material removal mechanism may primarily be the removal of bonding ductility and the fine-crushing of abrasive grains; for the metal-bonded grinding wheel surface dressed by ordinary method, its material removal mechanism may primarily be the fracture and break of abrasive grains, secondly be the fracture of bonding agent; and for the resin-bonded grinding wheel surface, its material removal mechanism may mainly be the looseness and shedding of abrasive grains caused by the fracture of bonding agent, secondly be the fracture of abrasive grains. Compared with ordinary dressing method, elliptical ultrasonic vibration dressed abrasive grains are dense at shaft and sparse in periphery, with a large quantity of static effective abrasive grains, great protrusion height and an excellent nature of contour.
The Optimization on Case-Based Reasoning to Processing Piece Large Cylinders of Heavy Cutting Process
Authors: Shen Y.H. , Wang Yi Wen , Chen Tao , Han Hai Ying , Zhang H.
Published: March 2011

The large cylinder is difficult processed material, which be based on the analysis of the processing feature of large cylinder, the method is proposed on the basics of actual case resemblance, the optimal solution is educed by calculating the vocal and the whole similarity with the technical property. The preferred system can be provided for the processing of process.
The Simulation of Cutting Force during High-Speed Milling of Die Steel Cr12MoV
Authors: Zhao Zhong Yang , Wang Y. , Li K.Q. , Yue Cai Xu , Li W.T.
Published: March 2011

Cutting force can response changes in cutting process deeply, so it is important for studying cutting force on revealing the milling mechanism. For this reason, based on the support of finite element theory, a mesh adaptation method is used to establish the simulation model on die tool Cr12MoV during high-speed milling by simulation software ThirdWave, and the effects of different cutting conditions on cutting force are studied by simulation method, which has verified the simulation results by experiments. The results of research also have certain reference significance on the optimization of cutting process and hard milling mechanism.
Influence of the Sharpening Methods for Drill Flank Surfaces on the Compressive Strength of PCD Inserts
Authors: Xu Li Fu , Chen J. , Huang Shu Tao , Zhou Li
Published: March 2011

In this paper, a polycrystalline diamond drill was designed to machine non-ferrous difficult-to-machine materials. The effect of the sharpening methods for drill flank surfaces on the compressive strength was investigated by using finite element method. The results show that the compressive strength of plane grinding is better than that of conical grinding method, however, with the increasing of the clearance angle of the drill, the compressive stress increased significantly.
Finite Element Method Simulation of Drilling Process on Metal-Matrix Composites
Authors: Zhang H.L. , Chen Jin
Published: March 2011

Drilling is one of the complex machining processes, which has been widely applied in the manufacturing area. In this paper, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model was used for simulating the thrust force, torque and von Mises equivalent stress at different cutting conditions. The J-C damage model (shear failure) was used in conjunction with the J-C plasticity model, as well as the continuous adaptive remeshing technical. The results show that the thrust force and torque increase with the increasing of the cutting speed and feed rate, and the influence of the feed rate is more obviously.
Research on Wear Property of Tool Flank by Dry Cutting of Austempering Ductile Iron
Authors: Wan Dong Dong , Guo Xu Hong , Wang Chi Hong
Published: March 2011

Three different cutting tools (ceramics CC6050, cubic boron nitride CB7025, carbide GC2025) were used for dry cutting of 3 groups of ADI which were heat-treated separately under different quenching temperatures. With the unified cutting parameters, the wear of tool flank of each cutter was studied and the main influencing factors of the wear were analyzed. Results showed that when the cutting parameters ap =0.2mm, f =0.16mm/r, vc =108m/min and the cutting tool was determined, the higher the quenching temperature was the lower the hardness of the test bars were and the tool flank wear was less; When the quenching temperature was determined, the more the produced BUE (build up edge) of the cutting tool was the less the tool flank wear was.
Fabrication and Cutting Performance of Ultrafine Grain Composite Diamond Coated Drills
Authors: Ma Yu Ping , Yuan Gen Fu , Chen M.
Published: March 2011

Ultrafine grain composite diamond films are deposited on the WC-Co-based drills using a bias-enhanced hot filament CVD system. During the deposition, the spiral hot filaments and novel two-step pretreatment method for complicated shape tools are adopted. The composite structure is achieved by regulating the concentration of Ar in a mixture of acetone and a hydrogen gases at different stages. The surface morphologies and composition of the first fabricated microcrystalline diamond film and the ultrafine grain diamond film grown later are observed with different techniques. The composite films have the advantages of good adhesive strength and low surface roughness. The cutting performance of the composite diamond-coated drills is investigated by drilling SiC particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The drilling life is improved greatly compared with those of uncoated drills and microcrystalline diamond coated drills.
High Speed Machining of Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites with PCD Tools
Authors: Ge Ying Fei , Xu Jiu Hua , Fu Yu Can
Published: March 2011

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools were used in high speed machining of SiCp/2009Al and TiCp/TC4 composites. The results showed that milling forces decreased with the increasing cutting speed, and that the force value of vol.20%SiCp/2009Al was less than that of the matrix. The machined surface roughness Ra is less than 0.8μm for all the milling experiments until cutting time was 180 minutes. The machined surface included some defects such as scratches, craters, micro cracks and so on. Surface finish can be improved through increasing cutting speed. When milling, gradual flank wear and slight edge chipping took place on the PCD tool flank. But no obvious abrasive wear was observed. However, the PCD tool suffered from significant abrasive wear in the flank when turning. A flow type chip was formed either for milling or turning when vol.20%SiCp/2009Al was used. Some voids and micro cracks were found in the chip. For TiCp/TC4 composite, the chip took the form of interrupted saw-toothed due to the dynamic behavior of micro crack. Although PCD tool was very suitable for high speed machining of SiCp/2009Al, its geometry parameters must be rightly chosen for TiCp/TC composite, or else sever edge chipping would take place in a few minutes.
Experimental Investigation on Tool Wear when End-Milling Inconel 718 with Coated Carbide Inserts
Authors: Wang Yuan Wei , Li Jian Feng , Li Z.M. , Ding Tong Chao , Zhang Song
Published: March 2011

In this paper, some experiments were conducted to investigate tool wear when end-milling Inconel 718 with the TiAlN-TiN PVD coated carbide inserts. The worn tools were examined thoroughly under scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and 3D digital microscope to expatiate tool wear morphologies and relevant mechanisms. The flank wear was uniformity in finishing milling process, and the average flank wear were selected as the criterion to study the effects of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed per tooth, radial depth of cut, and axial depth of cut) on tool wear. Finally, the optimal combination of the cutting parameters for the desired tool life is obtained.