bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable outcomes and survivorship of primary total knee arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the knee
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Mehrotra Kapil G. , Sierra Rafael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Taunton Michael J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: November 2019

Aims

Knee osteonecrosis in advanced stages may lead to joint degeneration. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteonecrosis has traditionally been associated with suboptimal results. We analyzed outcomes of contemporary TKAs for osteonecrosis, with particular emphasis on: survivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, and any reoperation plus the clinical outcomes, complications, and radiological results.

Patients and Methods

In total, 156 patients undergoing 167 primary TKAs performed for osteonecrosis between 2004 and 2014 at a single institution were reviewed. The mean age at index TKA was 61 years (14 to 93) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2(18 to 51) The mean follow-up was six years (2 to 12). A total of 110 TKAs (66%) were performed for primary osteonecrosis and 57 TKAs (34%) for secondary osteonecrosis. Overall, 15 TKAs (9%) had tibial stems, while 12 TKAs (7%) had femoral stems. Posterior-stabilized designs were used in 147 TKAs (88%) of TKAs. Bivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for revision and reoperation.

Results

Survivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, and any reoperation at ten years was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 93 to 100), 93% (95% CI 85 to 100), and 82% (95% CI 69 to 93), respectively. No factors, including age, sex, BMI, primary versus secondary osteonecrosis, stem utilization, and constraint, were identified as risk factors for reoperation. Four TKAs (2%) underwent revision, most commonly for tibial aseptic loosening (n = 2). Excluding revisions and reoperations, there was a total of 11 complications (7%), with the most common being a manipulation under anaesthesia (six TKAs, 4%). Mean Knee Society Scores (Knee component) significantly improved from 57 (32 to 87) preoperatively to 91 (49 to 100) postoperatively (p < 0.001). No unrevised TKAs had complete radiolucent lines or radiological evidence of loosening.

Conclusion

Contemporary cemented TKAs with selective stem utilization for osteonecrosis resulted in durable survivorship, a low complication rate, and reliable improvement in clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1356–1361.
Predicting changes in the status of patient-reported outcome measures after Birmingham Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Harrison-Brown M. , Scholes C. , Ebrahimi M. , Field C. , Cordingley R. , Kerr D. , Farah S. , Kohan L.
Published: November 2019

Aims

It is not known whether change in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) over time can be predicted by factors present at surgery, or early follow-up. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with changes in PROM status between two-year evaluation and medium-term follow-up.

Patients and Methods

Patients undergoing Birmingham Hip Resurfacing completed the Veteran’s Rand 36 (VR-36), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Tegner Activity Score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at two years and a minimum of three years. A change in score was assessed against minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between patient factors and deterioration in PASS status between follow-ups.

Results

Overall, 18% of patients reported reductions in mHHS total score exceeding MCID, and 21% reported similar reductions for WOMAC function scores. Nonetheless, almost all patients remained above PASS thresholds for WOMAC function (98%) and mHHS (93%). Overall, 66% of patients with mHHS scores < PASS at two years reported scores > PASS at latest follow-up. Conversely, 6% of patients deteriorated from > PASS to < PASS between follow-ups. Multivariable modelling indicated body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m2, VR-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) < 51, VR-36 Mental Component Score (MCS) > 55, mHHS < 84 at two years, female sex, and bone graft use predicted these deteriorating patients with 79% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84.

Conclusion

Due to largely acceptable results at a later follow-up, extensive monitoring of multiple PROMs is not recommended for Birmingham Hip Resurfacing patients unless they report borderline or unacceptable hip function at two years, are female, are overweight, or received a bone graft during surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1431–1437.
The College in five years’ time
Authors: Alderson Derek
Published: November 2019

Our President discusses the RCS’s role in the globalisation of surgery.
The hidden curriculum and its implications for surgical specialties
Authors: Howieson W , Cloke D
Published: November 2019

Preventing the unspoken academic and social messages taught to trainees that lead to unwanted behaviours and results.
Do we need to rethink how training in hernia surgery is delivered?
Authors: Khan NJ , Ahmed A , Hammond T , Richardson N
Published: November 2019

We carried out an activity audit of all hernia surgery across three hospitals, to assess the impact of the Choose and Book system on learning opportunities for trainees.
Treasures from the Library
Authors: Isaac Susan , Hogan Corinne
Published: November 2019

RCS Library launches digital exhibition, autumn 2019
MATERNIDADE E PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: ANÁLISE DOS EDITAIS DE FOMENTO À PESQUISA NAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Aita Ivo Andressa , Foggiato Ferreira Caroline
Published: November 2019

Nos últimos anos, os debates acerca do impacto da maternidade na carreira das pesquisadoras-mães aumentaram. Dentre as principais demandas das pesquisadoras está o ajuste nas critérios de avaliação de produtividade em editais de fomento à pesquisa, a fim de que considerem o período de licença maternidade ou adoção. Por isso, nesse artigo temos como objetivo analisar em que medida as Universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul, têm considerado as questões relativas à maternidade em editais internos de concessões de bolsas e demais incentivos a pesquisa. Através da análise de conteúdo, foram analisados 90 editais de fomento que faziam referência à licença maternidade ou adotante, no período de 2015 à 2019. Como resultados, evidenciamos que, desde 2019, na maioria das universidades públicas gaúchas houve o ajuste dos critérios avaliativos ou destinação de cotas específicas de pesquisa às pesquisadoras-mães, em ao menos um edital de fomento.
A INTERSECCIONALIDADE DE RAÇA E GÊNERO NO ACESSO AO MERCADO DE TRABALHO: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DOS DADOS DO IBGE ANO BASE 2016.
Authors: Do Nascimento Elaine Cristina
Published: November 2019

A intersecção de raça, gênero e classe social condicionam estruturalmente determinados grupos, em especial as mulheres negras, a produção e reprodução de desigualdades sociais no Brasil. Essa segregação se revela de diferentes formas nas relações sociais, culturais e políticas no país. Esse estudo tem por finalidade possibilitar uma reflexão sobre a interseccionalidade de raça e gênero a partir dos dados secundários coletados sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil a partir dos dados do IBGE. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e introdutório sobre um fenômeno histórico, mas que carece de reflexões constantes pelas invisibilidades que alguns grupos estão submetidos. Os resultados apontam que a mulher negra ocupa mais posições de emprego não formal, com menor exigência de qualificação e má remuneração.
PRODUÇÃO E REPRODUÇÃO DAS DESIGUALDADES DE GÊNERO NAS SÉRIES FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UM OLHAR PARA ALÉM DO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA TRADICIONAL
Authors: Caetano Bianca Moreira
Published: November 2019

A escrita desse trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo socializar algumas reflexões percebidas ao longo do processo vivido do estágio supervisionado I do Curso de Licenciatura em História na modalidade de ensino à distância do Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Informação da Universidade Federal de Rio Grande no ano de 2017, sua temática se desenvolve em torno das possíveis desigualdades de gênero que são produzidas e reproduzidas no espaço escolar na disciplina de história, nas séries finais do ensino fundamental no município de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul A presente pesquisa apresenta o contato com o ambiente escolar e sua equipe diretiva, assim como os documentos oficiais que orientam a escola do município de São Lourenço do Sul, a docente que desempenha suas atividades na disciplina de história nas séries finais do ensino fundamental e na EJA, as entrevistas e observações que tendem refletir sobre a realidade do espaço escolar e o ensino de história a partir da sistematização dessas vivências.
MENINAS E JOVENS NAS CIÊNCIAS EXATAS, ENGENHARIAS E COMPUTAÇÃO: RAÇA-ETNIA, GÊNERO E CIÊNCIA EM ALGUNS ARTEFATOS
Authors: Caseira Fabiani Figueiredo , Magalhães Joanalira Corpes
Published: November 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar alguns materiais produzidos a partir de alguns projetos que fizeram parte da chamada “Meninas e jovens na ciências exatas, engenharias e computação 18/2013”, com relação aos marcadores sociais de gênero e raça-etnia. Este trabalho, se fundamenta a partir dos campos teóricos dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos Feministas, nas suas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. Para produção dos dados investigamos os projetos contemplados e mapeamos aqueles que possuíam página na internet, a fim de analisar os artefatos culturais, produzidos e disponibilizados no endereço eletrônico dos mesmos. Encontramos 14 projetos, com uma grande amplitude de materiais. Optamos em analisar as Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQ) e os Almanaques. Ambos materiais não apresentavam mulheres cientistas negras. No Almanaque encontramos pessoas negras, como parte integrante da história, porém escutando os conceitos científicos que outra pessoa estava explicando. Consideramos que tais artefatos podem servir de subsídio para professoras/es utilizarem nas escolas enquanto ferramentas didático-pedagógicas para discussão das questões relacionadas a gênero e ciência na sala de aula.
MEMÓRIAS, HISTÓRIAS DE VIDAS E TRABALHO ARTESANAL DE MULHERES QUILOMBOLAS DE SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL/RS
Authors: Rosa Graziela Rinaldi , Sant'Anna Michaella , Ferreira Adriana Da Silva
Published: November 2019

A pesquisa apresentada nesse artigo, teve como como objetivo principal conhecer as mulheres que vivem nos cinco quilombos de São Lourenço do Sul/RS, através de encontros em forma de rodas de diálogos e oficinas de bonecas negras. Além desses quilombos, também foi realizada uma entrevista com uma liderança do movimento de consciência negra, que está contribuindo para a reconstrução e reconhecimento de outro quilombo. As mulheres compartilharam suas histórias de vidas, dificuldades e preconceitos que sofrem enquanto negras e quilombolas, e denunciaram os problemas que enfrentam, bem como os problemas de suas comunidades. Durante os encontros falou-se, entre outros temas, sobre o que é ser mulher quilombola, educação, trabalho das mulheres nos Quilombos, violência contra as mulheres, do trabalho artesanal como forma de renda, de representatividade.
Advances in neurometabolic therapy
Authors: Zakharov V. V. , Vakhnina N. V.
Published: November 2019

Actovegin is a calf blood extract that contains more than 200 biologically active compounds. Experiments have shown that Actovegin reduces the neurotoxic effect of amyloid, neutralizes reactive oxygen species, and normalizes the endothelial function of small vessels. The drug has not been shown to stimulate tumor growth in the neuroblastoma model. Clinical experience with Actovegin suggests that the drug has an undoubted efficacy in treating moderate vascular cognitive impairment and chronic distal symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy and that it is used as additional therapy for primary degenerative and vascular dementia. The clinical efficacy of Actovegin in chronic obliterating diseases of the lowerlimb arteries is being actively studied now.
Posthypoxic encephalopathy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging aspects
Authors: Portik O. A. , Tsarevskaya Yu. N. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Alekseeva T. M. , Trufanov G. E.
Published: November 2019

Posthypoxic encephalopathy is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), which includes stroke, early postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (PCD). The more pronounced prevalence and severity of the latter during surgery using extracorporeal circulation are currently being discussed.

Objective: to analyze various types of cerebral dysfunction in patients undergoing CABG and to determine the role of perioperative factors in its development.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 53 patients who had undergone elective CABG for coronary heart disease. Group 1 included 20 patients who had undergone beating-heart surgery; Group 2 comprised 33 patients, in whom CABG had been performed using extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (structural and functional techniques) were carried out.

Results and discussion. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 10 and 67% of patients in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.05); these were precisely all the three types of brain dysfunction which were observed in Group 2 patients. Factors, such as over 70 years of age; median level of education; smoking; body mass index >30 kg/m2 ; ejection fraction <50%; class III effort angina; >210-min surgery duration; >55-min aortic ligation; and >115-min ECC, showed a statistically significant association with the onset of PCD (p<0.05). In Group 2, MRI revealed a weaker positive functional relationship of the medial prefrontal cortex with the posterior cingulate gyrus (<0.005); 18% of patients were found to have acute ischemic zones.

Conclusion. Surgical myocardial revascularization using ECC is associated with a greater likelihood of PCD than beating-heart CABG. The factors that favored the development of PCD, such as increased age, low preoperative cognitive status, smoking, and long-term use of ECC, were identified when applying ECC.
Mitochondrial genome and risk of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boyko A. N. , Kozin M. S. , Osmak G. Zh. , Kulakova O. G. , Favorova O. O.
Published: November 2019

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism makes a certain contribution to the formation of a genetic risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: to analyze the frequency of mtDNA variants in patients with MS and control individuals in the Russian population. A similar study was conducted for the first time.

Patients and methods. The polymorphism of mtDNA was studied in the Russian population: in 283 unrelated patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in 290 unrelated healthy controls matched for gender and age.

Results and discussion. The frequency of haplogroup J in the patients with MS was twice higher than that in the control group (p=0.0055) (odds ratio (OR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI). 1.21–3.41). This association was mostly observed in women (p=0.0083) (OR 2.20; 95% CI, 1.19–4.03). There was also a significant association of the A allele of MT-ND5 (m. 13708G>A) with MS (p=0.03) (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.11–3.32). Sex stratification showed that the association with MS was significant only in women (p=0.009; OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.29–5.14). Further investigations will aim to analyze mtDNA variability (at the level of individual polymorphisms, haplogroups, and whole genome) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in those with primary progressive MS versus healthy individuals and patients with relapsing-remitting MS according to disease severity.

Conclusion. The data obtained in the Russian population suggest that mtDNA variations are involved in MS risk, to a greater extent in women.
Treatment of patients with acute and subacute lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Isaikin A. I. , Kuzminova T. I. , Chernenko O. A. , Milovanova O. V. , Romanova A. V. , Samkhaeva N. D. , Shor Yu. M.
Published: November 2019

No effect of outpatient treatment is observed in some patients with acute nonspecific lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia; therefore they are referred to pain management departments or centers for specialized examination and treatment.

Objective: to study of the anatomical causes of pain and the efficiency of celecoxib (Dilaxa) treatment in patients with acute and subacute lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia in the inpatient setting.

Patients and methods. Eighty patients (47 women and 33 men; mean age, 51.0±15.3 years) with acute and subacute lumbodynia (n=11) or lumbar ischialgia (n=69) were followed up. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS); functional limitation was rated according to the Roland–Morris scale (RMS). To reduce the intensity of pain syndrome, patients took oral celecoxib (Dilaxa) 200 mg twice daily. Therapeutic blockades with anesthetics and glucocorticoids were used in some cases of damage to the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) or facet joints (FJ). Patients were informed of the benign nature of the disease; they did therapeutic exercises.

Results and discussion. The causes of pain were ascertained to be injuries of SIJ (48,8%), FJ and SIJ (18,8%), FJ (17,5%), herniated disc (10%), piriformis syndrome (2.5%), and piriformis syndrome and SIJ injury (2.5%). The duration of treatment averaged 11.0±2.4 days. By the end of the study, there was a clinically significant reduction in pain in 86% of patients. The treatment resulted in a 2.4-fold average reduction in pain intensity (from 7.0 to 2.9 VAS scores): a 4-fold reduction in patients with lumbodynia (from 6.4 to 1.6 scores) and a 2.3-fold one in those with lumbar ischialgia (from 7.1 to 3.1. scores); the degree of disability reduced by an average of 1.9 times (from 8.1 to 4.3 RMS scores): by 3.6 times (from 6.8 to 1.9 scores) and 1.9 (from 8,3 to 4,7 scores) times in patients with lumbodynia and in those with lumbar ischialgia, respectively. No adverse events were observed during the treatment period.

Conclusion. There were high SIJ and FJ injury rates in subacute lumbar ischialgia. Celecoxib was noted to be highly effective and safe in treating acute and subacute lumbar ischialgia and lumbodynia.
Functional (psychosomatic) disorders in general medical practice
Authors: Romasenko L. V. , Makhov V. M. , Chichkova N. V.
Published: November 2019

Objective: to identify psychosomatic and somatopsychic ratios in the clinical picture of disorders detected by internists as functional disorders (FD) of unexplainable or insufficiently explainable origin.

Patients and methods. In 2000 to 2017, an internist and a psychiatrist in the Internal Medicine Clinic made a joint examination of 640 patients (175 men and 465 women; the mean age of those in cardiology practice was 27.52±9.03 years; that of those in gastroenterology practice was 42.44±17.2 years, and that of those in pulmonology practice was 40.20±11.4 years) with various risk factors (RFs), who had for many years exhausted the clinical picture of diseases: neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), and thermoneurosis (TN) (a study group). A comparison group included 245 patients (81 men and 164 women; their mean age was 38.78±8.07 and 48.12±10.92 years, respectively) with verified somatic diseases: hypertension, duodenal ulcer, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The patients were examined using both clinical and paraclinical studies in accordance with the standards for the above diseases and applying psychopathological and psychometric tests.

Results and discussion. A comparative interdisciplinary study established that the general medical practice patients with NCD, IBS, FD, HVS, and TN had two etiopathogenetically different clinical RFs: a) RF as the clinical essence of the current somatic disease and b) RF comorbid in certain psychopathological disorders: affective (F30–F39) (57.9%), neurotic (F40–F48) (27.1%), and schizotypic (F21) (15.0%). In the structure of complex psychosomatic syndromes that are often encountered in therapeutic practice, they represent the pivotal manifestations of disease, the adequate diagnosis of which is supposed to require cooperative interdisciplinary work.

Conclusion. Thus, our long-term study that is based on a single interdisciplinary approach has allowed us to formulate a modern concept of unity of the clinical stereotype of development of psychosomatic syndromes.
Principle Differences between B2B and B2C Marketing Communication Processes
Authors: Rėklaitis Kęstutis , Pilelienė Lina
Published: November 2019

The scientific problem analysed in the article focuses on identifying the differences in the marketing communication process in a framework of business-to-consumer and business-to-business markets. The results show that although it may seem that the process itself is the same in both situations, however, it has many differences as well as many aspects in common.
Novel methods for monitoring the sludge dewatering operation of a belt filter: a mill study
Authors: Kuosa Markku , Kopra Riku
Published: November 2019

During recent decades the quality of pulp and paper mill sludge has changed. This has awakened the need for an applicable means to observe the sludge dewatering process diversely and accurately. To maximize the solids content and energy efficiency of board mill sludge dewatering, different process monitoring options were studied. Novel methods for monitoring the sludge dewatering operation of a belt filter were tested. Continuous run-time measurements and test response experiments were carried out at a board mill site. IR transmittance measurement through the filter web and sludge mat thickness measurement using a light curtain turned out to be very promising techniques. IR transmittance responded to the polymer content of the sludge without a notable time lag, while the solid content measurement of the filtrate did not give a measurable response.
(Noch) Identitätslos
Authors: Rutz Marion
Published: November 2019

The full-time jurist and gifted Neo-Latin poet Petrus Royzius, born in Spain, came to Cracow in 1541/1542 to teach Roman law at the university. He left for Vilnius in 1551 and died in the Lithuanian capital in 1571. Several scholars have collected observations about Lithuania and the Lithuanians that are scattered over Royzius’s more than one thousand verse texts. This article goes further in closely analysing and interpreting well-known texts, such as the macaronic poem about travelling through the Lithuanian province (In Lituanicam peregrinationem). It also adds new material that has not yet been considered from this point of view, such as Royzius’s poems in favour of the Union of Lublin in 1569. I further analyse the contextual meaning of the terms Sarmatia/n and Lithuania/n. Although the latter is often replaced or subsumed by the superordinate terms Sarmatia/n or Poland/Polish, it occurs frequently in the corpus of Royzius’s writing. However, Royzius’s texts feature little information about a specific Lithuanian historical or cultural identity. Likewise, there is hardly any information about smaller entities such as Samogitia or Russia (Ruthenia). Unlike his contemporary Augustinus Rotundus or later poets like Ioannes Radvanus, Royzius still belongs to a ‘pre-Lublin’ cultural paradigm in which literary representations of regional, non-Polish identity were of little significance.
German Reformation and Czech Hymnbooks and Books of prayers and meditations
Authors: Malura Jan
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the Bohemian Reformation literature. Culture of the Bohemian Reformation belongs to a little-known phenomenon in Czech historiography. Art and culture historians have focused mostly on the Hussite period and less on the 16th and 17th centuries. An important issue is the reception of German Lutheran religious educational literature in Protestant Circles of the Czech lands. The author focuses primarily on books in which the genre of mediation dominates, and explores the prompt Czech reaction to several German authors (Martin Moller, Johann Gerhard etc.) active between approximately 1580–1620 who found intensive response in the Bohemian Lands. The second important field is the Czech hymnography in the 17th–18th centuries. The author finds German inspiration for Czech hymnbooks. He deals with Luther’s songs in the hymnbook Cithara sanctorum by Jiří Třanovský and especially with late baroque Protestant exile hymnbooks influenced by the Pietistic Circle in Halle and Herrnhut (Harfa nová [‘A New Harp’] by Jan Liberda, Lipský kancionál [‘Hymnbook of Leipzig’] by Georg Sarganek). Owing to the German stimuli, the spectrum of genres, ideological processes and stylistic registers in Czech literature from the 16th to 18th centuries is comparatively rich and diversified.
Triadischer Universalismus: Repräsentation und Konsenspragmatik bei Johann Amos Comenius
Authors: Kuße Holger
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the ‘semantics of representation’ and the ‘pragmatics of consensus’ in the work of Johann Amos Comenius. The term ‘semantics of representation’ refers to the concept that things (all that can be referred to) are represented by thoughts in the mind, and thoughts are represented by words. ‘Pragmatics of consensus’ means that normative rules of communicative behaviour can be formulated which in practice lead to effective negotiation. The semantics of representation was a common sense view on language in Comenius’ time and can be seen as a presupposition in his arguing about learning, teaching, understanding and communicating in all his works, not only in the schoolbook Orbis sensualium pictus, but also in Via lucis or De rerum humanarum emendatione consultatio catholica (Consultatio catholica) and others. The pragmatics of consensus was developed mostly in latter works, especially in Consultatio catholica.

At the beginning of the paper three of Comenius’ pictures (from the early novel Labyrint světa, the schoolbook Orbis pictus and the theoretical work Triertium catholicum) are compared. The famous drawing of the labyrinth of the world shows a confusing town landscape in a closed circle and symbolizes the chaotic life of man after his fall and the Babylonian language confusion. The didactic emblem for Orbis pictus shows the world in harmony with God’s will. The abstract scheme in Triertium catholicum visualizes the connections between things (res), thoughts (mens), language (lingua) and action (manus). They form a stable and universal order in which thoughts, language and action are interconnected in a triadic relation. Especially the drawing of the labyrinth and the scheme in the theoretical work Triertium catholicum build a contrast between chaos and order. But it is shown that the order of the latter one is also the underlying structure of the confused communication in the labyrinth. Therefore, in Comenius’ view the aim and the duty of the philosopher and teacher is to heal the unhealthy reality of communication, which should be done on the base of normative rules of harmonic and effective communication. These rules are developed by Comenius in his famous Consultatio catholica. The paper closes with a short discussion of the actuality and efficiency of Comenius’ suggestions.
Polen-Litauen und Siebenbürgen als Teil transosmanischer Verflechtungen: Zum DFG Schwerpunktprogramm 1981 Transottomanica
Authors: Rohdewald Stefan
Published: November 2019

To date, social and (trans)cultural ties between Russia, Poland-Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire and Persia from the early modern period to the beginning of the twentieth century have not been the subject of systematic historical study. The historical societies of the above-mentioned regions developed relationships that evolved and interconnected over centuries. The program has a focus on “Transottoman” ties and communication practices which emerged as a consequence of mobility between these dominions and which have not previously become visible in studies of individual regions or bilateral relations. This approach promises to change our understanding of globalised European and Asian histories in a transcontinental context. Instead of constructing “one” new region, our “post-area studies” approach allows us to focus on several different contexts and fields of social interaction with different spatial and social ranges unified by the lens of mobility: Our focus will be on reciprocal processes of migration, knowledge circulation (travelling concepts), travel, trade and mobility of entire societies between Muscovy and then the tsarist empire, Poland-Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire and Persia. This contribution exemplifies the approach by explaing Poland-Lithuania and Transylvania in a Transottoman setting.
Investigations of Combustor Inlet Swirl on the Liner Wall Temperature in an Aero Engine Combustor
Authors: Narayana Rao K. V. L. , Prasad B. V. S. S. S. , Kanna Babu C. H.
Published: November 2019

Experimental and numerical investigations are carried out on an annular, straight flow, swirl-stabilized aero engine combustor. In this work, the effect of degree and direction of swirl at the inlet of combustion chamber is examined on the liner wall temperature and hot spots. This is carried out by experimentally measuring the liner outer wall temperature at discrete positions along the circumferential and axial directions of the combustor liner in the engine test facility. The RANS based turbulence modeling with reacting flow approach is used to simulate the flow domain. Conjugate heat transfer analysis is used to estimate the liner wall temperature using Ansys CFX frame work. The degree and direction of swirl at the inlet of combustion chamber is found to alter the velocity and temperature profiles inside the combustor and hence found to have a significant effect on the liner hot spots and its location. Hotspot with 43 % increase in temperature near the secondary zone is observed with the increase in swirl angle from 5° to 15° at the combustor inlet. The location of the hotspot is found to be dependent on the swirl direction.
Mitte-Rand-Verdunkelung, Temperaturverteilung und kontinuierliche Absorption der Sonnenatmosphäre
Authors: Unsöld Albrecht
Published: November 2019

Die bisherigen Versuche, aus den Beobachtungen der Mitte-Rand-Verdunkelung und der (absolut gemessenen) spektralen Energieverteilung im kontinuierlichen Sonnenspektrum auf die Temperaturverteilung und die Wellenlängen- und Tiefenabhängigkeit des kontinuierlichen Absorptionskoeffizienten in der Sonnenatmosphäre zu schließen, werden zusammenfassend dargestellt. Alle diese Untersuchungen deuten zunächst auf eine relativ hohe Grenztemperatur To ≈ 4900 bis 5000 ° K hin.

Hiermit stehen direkte Temperaturbestimmungen der äußersten Schichten in Widerspruch; diese führen auf eine niedrigere Grenztemperatur.

Es wird gezeigt, daß man das gesamte Beobachtungsmaterial verstehen kann, wenn man beachtet, daß nach früheren Rechnungen des Verf. in derSchicht, welche in der Hauptsache die Fraunhofer-Linien erzeugt (τ etwa 0 bis 0,3), die Temperatur im Strahlungsgleichgewicht außen niedriger und innen höher ist als in einer „grauen" Atmosphäre. Findet diese Änderung der Temperaturverteilung infolge Behinderung des Strahlungsenergietransportes durch die Linien ganz oberhalb einer optischen Tiefe T0 ( ≈ 0 , 3 ) statt, so macht sie sich in der Strahlung der Sonnenscheibe I (ϑ) erst bei cos ϑ < τ0 bemerkbar. Die durch „glatte" Extrapolation erhaltene Grenztemperatur To ≈ 4900 bis 5000 ° K dürfte also erheblich über der wahren liegen.

Auf Zusammenhänge mit der Theorie der Restintensitäten in der Mitte der Fraunhofer- Linien sowie der Spektroheliogramme wird kurz hingewiesen.
Zur maßsystem-anpassungsfähigen Schreibweise der Elektrodynamik
Authors: Fleischmann Rudolf
Published: November 2019

Die elektrischen Grundgleichungen und die Hauptformeln der vierdimensionalen Elektrodynamik werden in einer Schreibweise mitgeteilt, die unabhängig vom Maß-system richtig ist und durch Spezialisierung in die für die üblichen Maßsysteme gültigen Formeln übergeht.
Erweiterung der Sommerfeldschen Arbeiten über Resonanzwirkungen bei Schraubenfedern
Authors: Meissner Walther
Published: November 2019

Die Sommerfeldsehen Arbeiten über Resonanzschwingungen von Schraubenfedern werden erweitert durch Hinzunahme der Pendelschwingungen der Feder zu den Drehschwingungen und Vertikalschwingungen. Es wurde theoretisch und experimentell vom Verf. gefunden, daß folgender Fall möglich ist: Die Energie wandert periodisch nach- einander völlig von der einen Art der Schwingung in die beiden anderen Arten der Schwingungen. Genauer behandelt wurde* experimentell und theoretisch zunächst der einfachere Fall, daß entweder die Kopplung zwischen Drehschwingung und Vertikalschwingung. oder die Kopplung zwischen Drehschwingung und Pendelschwingung, oder die Kopplung zwischen Vertikalschwingung und Pendelschwingung Null ist. Hierbei tritt nur bei zwei der drei Schwingungsarten der Fall auf, daß die Energie für einen . Moment völlig in diese wandert.
Über den Sauerstoffgehalt der Atmosphäre
Authors: Harteck Paul , Jensen Hans D.
Published: November 2019

Durch das Ultraviolett der Sonnenstrahlung wird der atmosphärische Wasserdampf in seine Atome zerlegt. Diese rekombinieren nicht wieder zu H2O, sondern der Wasserstoff entweicht in den Weltraum, während der Sauerstoff an die Erdoberfläche zurückdirfundiert und in geologischen Oxydationsprozessen gebunden wird. Die Menge des so umgesetzten Wassers läßt sich in ziemlich enge Grenzen einschließen. Es werden pro cm 2 Erdoberfläche jährlich etwa 2·10-7 Mole H2O photochemisch gespalten, das entspricht einer Wasserschicht von etwa 100 m Mächtigkeit in 3-109 Jahren 1 . Der atmosphärische Sauerstoff hat sich demnach im Laufe der Erdgeschichte etwa 50-mal regenerieren können Die Fehlergrenzen schätzen wir so ab, daß die angegebenen Zahlen kaum um einen Faktor 2 großer bzw. um einen Faktor 5 kleiner sein dürften.
Über die Hochfrequenz-Gasentladung
Authors: Kirchner Fritz
Published: November 2019

An der Grenze zwischen TlCl und ZnCl2 wurde durch elektrolytische Überführung (Dauer 7,9 Tage, Stromdichte 6 A/cm2, Verschiebung der Cl-Ionen relativ zu den Tl-lonen 18 m, praktische Reichweite der Anreicherung 10 cm, Temperatur 430 ° C) 205Tl gegenüber 203Tl um den Trennfaktor 1,15 angereichert. Durch Verwendung von gefrittetem Glas als Diaphragma wurde eine hohe Vervielfachung (f = 370) erzielt. Der Unterschied der Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten betrug nur 0.4‰, der Masseneffekt also μ = In ( 203w/205w)/ln (203/205) = -0,04.
Still Seeking Coordination? Assessing German Employers’ Interests in the Digitalized Social Market Economy
Authors: Weckwerth Jan , Weishaupt Timo
Published: November 2019

Do German employers in metal and electrical (M+E) sector stillwantto support core institutions of a coordinated market economy, andare capableof doing so? Based on evidence collected in a series of expert interviews conducted in 2017 and 2018 with employers’ associations, we argue that social partnership, collective bargaining, and strategic coordination via organizations are still part of the preferredmodus operandiof these employers. Moreover, we argue that new forms of associational membership that enable firm-based, yet often collective, solutions, which have stabilized rather than eroded the organizational capacity of employers’ associations. As such, we provide supportive evidence for several core premises associated with the Varieties of Capitalism approach. Yet we also identify trends toward more flexibilization, decentralization, and systemic volatility in this system, as many small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in East Germany, remain without any associational membership.
Hydrogen Peroxide Gates a Voltage-Dependent Cation Current inAplysiaNeuroendocrine Cells
Authors: Chauhan Alamjeet K. , Magoski Neil S.
Published: November 2019

Nonselective cation channels promote persistent spiking in many neurons from a diversity of animals. In the hermaphroditic marine-snail,Aplysia californica, synaptic input to the neuroendocrine bag cell neurons triggers various cation channels, causing an ∼30 min afterdischarge of action potentials and the secretion of egg-laying hormone. During the afterdischarge, protein kinase C is also activated, which in turn elevates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), likely by stimulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. The present study investigated whether H2O2regulates cation channels to drive the afterdischarge. In single, cultured bag cell neurons, H2O2elicited a prolonged, concentration- and voltage-dependent inward current, associated with an increase in membrane conductance and a reversal potential of ∼+30 mV. Compared with normal saline, the presence of Ca2+-free, Na+-free, or Na+/Ca2+-free extracellular saline, lowered the current amplitude and left-shifted the reversal potential, consistent with a nonselective cationic conductance. Preventing H2O2reduction with the glutathione peroxidase inhibitor, mercaptosuccinate, enhanced the H2O2-induced current, while boosting glutathione production with its precursor,N-acetylcysteine, or adding the reducing agent, dithiothreitol, lessened the response. Moreover, the current generated by the alkylating agent,N-ethylmaleimide, occluded the effect of H2O2. The H2O2-induced current was inhibited by tetrodotoxin as well as the cation channel blockers, 9-phenanthrol and clotrimazole. In current-clamp, H2O2stimulated burst firing, but this was attenuated or prevented altogether by the channel blockers. Finally, H2O2evoked an afterdischarge from whole bag cell neuron clusters recordedex vivoby sharp-electrode. H2O2may regulate a cation channel to influence long-term changes in activity and ultimately reproduction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is often studied in a pathological context, such as ischemia or inflammation. However, H2O2also physiologically modulates synaptic transmission and gates certain transient receptor potential channels. That stated, the effect of H2O2on neuronal excitability remains less well defined. Here, we examine how H2O2influencesAplysiabag cell neurons, which elicit ovulation by releasing hormones during an afterdischarge. These neuroendocrine cells are uniquely identifiable and amenable to recording as individual cultured neurons or a cluster from the nervous system. In both culture and the cluster, H2O2evokes prolonged, afterdischarge-like bursting by gating a nonselective voltage-dependent cationic current. Thus, H2O2, which is generated in response to afterdischarge-associated second messengers, may prompt the firing necessary for hormone secretion and procreation.
A Clinical Pathway to Standardize Care of Children With Delirium in Pediatric Inpatient Settings
Authors: Silver Gabrielle H. , Kearney Julia A. , Bora Sonali , De Souza Claire , Giles Lisa , Hrycko Sophia , Jenkins Willough , Malas Nasuh , Namerow Lisa , Ortiz-Aguayo Roberto , Russell Ruth , Pao Maryland , Plioplys Sigita , Brahmbhatt Khyati ,   PATHWAYS FOR CLINICAL CARE WORKGROUP
Published: November 2019

Pediatric delirium is an important comorbidity of medical illness in inpatient pediatric care that has lacked a consistent approach for detection and management. A clinical pathway (CP) was developed to address this need. Pediatric delirium contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and costs of inpatient care of medically ill children and adolescents. Screening for delirium in hospital settings with validated tools is feasible and effective in reducing delirium and improving outcomes; however, multidisciplinary coordination is required for implementation. The workgroup, composed of international experts in child and adolescent consultation psychiatry, reviewed the literature and developed a flowchart for feasible screening and management of pediatric delirium. When evidence was lacking, expert consensus was reached; stakeholder feedback was included to create the final pathway. A CP expert collaborated with the workgroup. Two sequential CPs were created: (1) “Prevention and Identification of Pediatric Delirium” emphasizes the need for systematic preventive measures and screening, and (2) “Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Delirium” recommends an urgent and ongoing search for the underlying causes to reverse the syndrome while providing symptomatic management focused on comfort and safety. Detailed accompanying documents explain the supporting literature and the rationale for recommendations and provide resources such as screening tools and implementation guides. Additionally, the role of the child and adolescent consultation-liaison psychiatrist as a resource for collaborative care of patients with delirium is discussed.
Feasible Strategies for Sustaining Guideline Adherence: Cross-sectional Analysis of a National Collaborative
Authors: Kaiser Sunitha V. , Shadman Kristin A. , Biondi Eric A. , McCulloh Russell J.
Published: November 2019

Health care providers’ adherence to guidelines declines over time, and feasible strategies for sustaining adherence have not yet been identified. We assessed the long-term feasibility of various strategies for sustaining guideline adherence and described factors influencing their use. We conducted a cross-sectional survey (N = 104) of physician leaders who participated in a national collaborative to improve care of infants with suspected sepsis. Data were collected on long-term use of strategies to promote guideline adherence (use, perceived effectiveness, and barriers to use). Sixty (58%) participants from diverse hospital settings responded. There were significant declines in use of quality improvement and educational strategies, largely driven by lack of time or staff resources and competing priorities. Electronic strategies (eg, order sets) and hospital policies or guidelines were feasible to continue long-term after the collaborative ended and were perceived as effective. Clinicians and healthcare leaders should consider prioritizing these strategies in their efforts to improve care and outcomes for children in hospital settings.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF FLAX SEED GERMINATION
Authors: Kraevska S. , Yeshchenko O. , Stetsenko N.
Published: November 2019

In the world, demand for flax seeds and its processed volumes are increasing. Flax seeds are classified as natural functional food products. This is confirmed by the Ministry of Health of many countries, in particular Canada and the United States of America. Flax germination makes flax seed components biologically available. Each type of plant has its own set of germination requirements consisting of both internal and external factors. This research was aimed at studying the effect of various external factors (temperature, humidity.etc.) affecting flax seed germination energy. The temperature varied in the range 16°C to 30°C, in increments of 2°C, as further increasing the temperature requires additional equipment and, consequently, additional energy consumption. The ambient humidity was maintained at 40, 60, 70, and 95%. The flax seeds were germinated for 36 hours till seedlings, up to 3 mm long, appeared. The germination energy was determined for each combination of the controlled factors. A mathematical model of the flaxseed germination process was constructed using the regression and correlation analysis methods. The model obtained determines the optimum germination modes. In the course of the experimental research, we applied experimental design techniques and mathematical processing of the experimental data. Using the computer programmes MathCad and Microsoft Excel optimized the flax seed germination and set its optimum modes. The constructed mathematical model makes it clear that the maximum germination energy 99.64% is achieved at the temperature 27.5°C and humidity 95%. The experimental and statistical models of germination of flax seeds have been obtained, describing the process with the correlation coefficient R = 0.96–0.99. The data obtained can be used to predict the quality parameters of flax seedlings and the energy consumption to obtain them.
DEVELOPMENT OF BERRY DRINKS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: Vishnikin A. , Melnikov K. , Kolisnychenko T. , Lystopad Т. , Pidhorna D.
Published: November 2019

This work is devoted to the development of innovative soft drinks based on raw materials from wild and cultivated plants characterized by high organoleptic quality and a high content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Strawberries, bilberries, blackberries, and black currants were taken as berry raw materials. Using these berries is due to their chemical composition. According to the results of the experimental studies, the optimum ratio of the recipe components has been established, which allows achieving the research objectives. As a result, the recipes of the fizzy drinks Zdorovya and Vesnyany, sbitens Vitaminka and Yahidny Kokteyl, fruit drink Syla have been developed. At the first stage, the organoleptic analysis of the samples was carried out, since the taste is a major factor in the consumer’s perception of an innovative product. The sensory evaluation of the beverages developed was conducted by five independent tasters. The results of the analysis show that the suggested products have high organoleptic quality characteristics. The next step in the research was to determine the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content, which was done in two stages. First, a qualitative analysis was carried out to confirm the presence of this vitamin in the beverages developed and in the control samples. The quantitative content of ascorbic acid was then determined. The results of the study show that the ascorbic acid content increased on average, compared to that in the control samples, by 44% in the fizzy drink Zdorovya and by 20.5% in the fizzy drink Vesnyany; by 20% in the sbiten Vitaminka; by 11% in the sbiten Yahidny Kokteyl; and by 114% in the fruit drink Syla. In quantitative terms, it is 50–120 mg/100 ml, which is by 33% more than the daily requirement. The results obtained allow drawing a conclusion that industrial manufacture of the drinks developed will help solve the problem of vitamin C deficiency in the Ukrainian people’s diet.