bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Standardized Monitoring of Patients With Chronic Diseases in Primary Care Using Electronic Medical Records: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Falck Leandra , Zoller Marco , Rosemann Thomas , Martínez-González Nahara Anani , Chmiel Corinne
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Long-term care for patients with chronic diseases poses a huge challenge in primary care. In particular, there is a deficit regarding monitoring and structured follow-up. Appropriate electronic medical records (EMRs) could help improving this but, so far, there are no evidence-based specifications concerning the indicators that should be monitored at regular intervals.

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to identify and collect a set of evidence-based indicators that could be used for monitoring chronic conditions at regular intervals in primary care using EMRs.

METHODS

We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews, and the content of clinical guidelines. We included primary studies and guidelines reporting about indicators that allow for the assessment of care and help monitor the status and process of disease for five chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, and osteoarthritis.

RESULTS

The use of the term “monitoring” in terms of disease management and long-term care for patients with chronic diseases is not widely used in the literature. Nevertheless, we identified a substantial number of disease-specific indicators that can be used for routine monitoring of chronic diseases in primary care by means of EMRs.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review summarizing the existing scientific evidence on the standardized long-term monitoring of chronic diseases using EMRs. In a second step, our extensive set of indicators will serve as a generic template for evaluating their usability by means of an adapted Delphi procedure. In a third step, the indicators will be summarized into a user-friendly EMR layout.
Measuring the Impact of an Open Web-Based Prescribing Data Analysis Service on Clinical Practice: Cohort Study on NHS England Data (Preprint)
Authors: Walker Alex J , Curtis Helen J , Croker Richard , Bacon Seb , Goldacre Ben
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

OpenPrescribing is a freely accessible service that enables any user to view and analyze the National Health Service (NHS) primary care prescribing data at the level of individual practices. This tool is intended to improve the quality, safety, and cost-effectiveness of prescribing.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to measure the impact of OpenPrescribing being viewed on subsequent prescribing.

METHODS

Having preregistered our protocol and code, we measured three different metrics of prescribing quality (mean percentile across 34 existing OpenPrescribing quality measures, available “price-per-unit” savings, and total “low-priority prescribing” spend) to see whether they changed after the viewing of Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) and practice pages. We also measured whether practices whose data were viewed on OpenPrescribing differed in prescribing, prior to viewing, compared with those who were not. We used fixed-effects and between-effects linear panel regression to isolate change over time and differences between practices, respectively. We adjusted for the month of prescribing in the fixed-effects model to remove underlying trends in outcome measures.

RESULTS

We found a reduction in available price-per-unit savings for both practices and CCGs after their pages were viewed. The saving was greater at practice level (−£40.42 per thousand patients per month; 95% CI −54.04 to −26.81) than at CCG level (−£14.70 per thousand patients per month; 95% CI −25.56 to −3.84). We estimate a total saving since launch of £243 thosand at practice level and £1.47 million at CCG level between the feature launch and end of follow-up (August to November 2017) among practices viewed. If the observed savings from practices viewed were extrapolated to all practices, this would generate £26.8 million in annual savings for the NHS, approximately 20% of the total possible savings from this method. The other two measures were not different after CCGs or practices were viewed. Practices that were viewed had worse prescribing quality scores overall prior to viewing.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a positive impact from the use of OpenPrescribing, specifically for the class of savings opportunities that can only be identified by using this tool. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to conduct a robust analysis of the impact of such a Web-based service on clinical practice.
A Framework for Analyzing and Measuring Usage and Engagement Data (AMUsED) in Digital Interventions: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Miller Sascha , Ainsworth Ben , Yardley Lucy , Milton Alex , Weal Mark , Smith Peter , Morrison Leanne
Published: May 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

Trials of digital interventions can yield extensive, in-depth usage data, yet usage analyses tend to focus on broad descriptive summaries of how an intervention has been used by the whole sample. This paper proposes a novel framework to guide systematic, fine-grained usage analyses that better enables understanding of how an intervention works, when, and for whom. The framework comprises three stages to assist in the following: (1) familiarization with the intervention and its relationship to the captured data, (2) identification of meaningful measures of usage and specifying research questions to guide systematic analyses of usage data, and (3) preparation of datasheets and consideration of available analytical methods with which to examine the data. The framework can be applied to inform data capture during the development of a digital intervention and/or in the analysis of data after the completion of an evaluation trial. We will demonstrate how the framework shaped preparation and aided efficient data capture for a digital intervention to lower transmission of cold and flu viruses in the home, as well as how it informed a systematic, in-depth analysis of usage data collected from a separate digital intervention designed to promote self-management of colds and flu. The Analyzing and Measuring Usage and Engagement Data (AMUsED) framework guides systematic and efficient in-depth usage analyses that will support standardized reporting with transparent and replicable findings. These detailed findings may also enable examination of what constitutes effective engagement with particular interventions.
Augmented Reality in Medicine: Systematic and Bibliographic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Eckert Martin , Volmerg Julia S , Friedrich Christoph M
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information into the user’s real-world environment. It offers a new approach for treatments and education in medicine. AR aids in surgery planning and patient treatment and helps explain complex medical situations to patients and their relatives.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic and bibliographic review offers an overview of the development of apps in AR with a medical use case from March 2012 to June 2017. This work can aid as a guide to the literature and categorizes the publications in the field of AR research.

METHODS

From March 2012 to June 2017, a total of 1309 publications from PubMed and Scopus databases were manually analyzed and categorized based on a predefined taxonomy. Of the total, 340 duplicates were removed and 631 publications were excluded due to incorrect classification or unavailable technical data. The remaining 338 publications were original research studies on AR. An assessment of the maturity of the projects was conducted on these publications by using the technology readiness level. To provide a comprehensive process of inclusion and exclusion, the authors adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

RESULTS

The results showed an increasing trend in the number of publications on AR in medicine. There were no relevant clinical trials on the effect of AR in medicine. Domains that used display technologies seemed to be researched more than other medical fields. The technology readiness level showed that AR technology is following a rough bell curve from levels 4 to 7. Current AR technology is more often applied to treatment scenarios than training scenarios.

CONCLUSIONS

This work discusses the applicability and future development of augmented- and mixed-reality technologies such as wearable computers and AR devices. It offers an overview of current technology and a base for researchers interested in developing AR apps in medicine. The field of AR is well researched, and there is a positive trend in its application, but its use is still in the early stages in the field of medicine and it is not widely adopted in clinical practice. Clinical studies proving the effectiveness of applied AR technologies are still lacking.
Use of Web-Based Health Services in Individuals With and Without Symptoms of Hypochondria: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Eichenberg Christiane , Schott Markus
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

An increasing number of people consult physicians because of distressing information found online. Cyberchondria refers to the phenomenon of health anxiety because of online health information.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine online health research of individuals with and without symptoms of hypochondria and their impact on health anxiety as well as behavior.

METHODS

An online survey was conducted. Demographic data, health-related internet use, and general health behavior were assessed. The illness attitude scale was used to record symptoms of hypochondria.

RESULTS

The final sample consisted of N=471 participants. More than 40% (188/471) of participants showed at least some symptoms of hypochondria. Participants with symptoms of hypochondria used the internet more frequently for health-related purposes and also frequented more online services than individuals without symptoms. Most online health services were rated as more reliable by individuals with symptoms of hypochondria. Changes to behavior such as doctor hopping or ordering nonprescribed medicine online were considered more likely by individuals with symptoms of hypochondria.

CONCLUSIONS

Results show that individuals with symptoms of hypochondria do not turn to online research as a result of lacking alternatives but rather consult health services on- as well as offline.
Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease in CKD
Authors: Jovanovich Anna , Isakova Tamara , Stubbs Jason
Published: May 2018

Patients with CKD exhibit a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular mortality, which likely stems from the presence of unique, nontraditional risk factors that accompany deteriorating kidney function. Mounting evidence suggests that alterations to the intestinal microbiome in CKD may serve as one such risk factor. The human intestinal tract is home to >100 trillion micro-organisms made up of a collection of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic species. These species along with their local environment constitute the intestinal microbiome. Patients with CKD show intestinal dysbiosis, an alteration of the gut micro-organism composition and function. Recent evidence links byproducts of intestinal dysbiosis to vascular calcification, atherosclerosis formation, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CKD. CKD-associated intestinal dysbiosis may also be accompanied by defects in intestinal barrier function, which could further enhance the negative effects of pathogenic intestinal bacteria in the human host. Thus, intestinal dysbiosis, defective intestinal barrier function, and a reduced capacity for clearance by the kidney of absorbed bacterial byproducts may all potentiate the development of cardiovascular disease in CKD. This narrative review focuses on microbiome-mediated mechanisms associated with CKD that may promote atherosclerosis formation and cardiovascular disease. It includes (1) new data supporting the hypothesis that intestinal barrier dysfunction leads to bacterial translocation and endotoxemia that potentiate systemic inflammation, (2) information on the accumulation of dietary-derived bacterial byproducts that stimulate pathways promoting atheromatous changes in arteries and cardiovascular disease, and (3) potential interventions. Despite great scientific interest in and a rapidly growing body of literature on the relationship between the microbiome and cardiovascular disease in CKD, many important questions remain unanswered.
English Language University Teachers’ Research Activity: Untold Stories in Vietnam
Authors: H. Le Huong
Published: May 2018

This qualitative case study explores English language university teachers’ engagement in research including their interests, publications and co-operation, from which the obligation of research activity at universities in Vietnam is revealed. Twenty-one English language university teachers at Hong Duc University were invited to participate in the research. Survey questionnaire and Skype semi-structured interview were employed to collect necessary data to identify teacher participants’ involvement in research. Being seen from socio-cultural perspectives, the findings of the study indicate that how English language university teachers engage in research is inter-twined with the current context where research is done.
Attaining Children’s Development through Appropriate Assessment Practices: Insights from Kindergarten Teachers
Authors: Thompson Mumuni
Published: May 2018

The research contributes to the conversation regarding kindergarten teachers’ knowledge about developmentally assessments practices in attaining curriculum goals of selected kindergartens classrooms within the Ghanaian settings. The mixed method research approach was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from 1,413 teachers using questionnaires, while qualitative data were collected from 10 participants who were interviewed and observed. The participants for the quantitative research were randomly selected from ten districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. However, the participants for the qualitative research were purposely sampled. The qualitative data were analysed through open and axial coding. The study revealed that KG teachers were achieving curriculum goals and were using developmentally appropriate assessment procedures. They were however, not conversant with some of the curriculum goals and emerging assessment practices. It was also evident that there is a positive relationship between KG teachers’ achievement of the goals and the use of assessment procedures. It was recommended among others that through orientation and training sessions, KG teachers should be given insights into KG curriculum goals and diverse authentic assessment procedures to enhance and promote children’s development in varied ways.
Acoso Sexual en el Trabajo: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors: Da Silva Fonseca Thaisa , Martins Portela Ariane Viana , De Assis Freire Sandra Elisa , Negreiros Fauston
Published: May 2018

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el acoso sexual en el trabajo, anhelando analizar las investigaciones sobre ese fenómeno. La investigación fue realizada en las bases Scielo, PePSIC, BVS y Portal Capes de Periódicos e incluyó artículos disponibles en su totalidad en idiomas portugués, inglés o español, publicados en el período de 2012 a 2016. A partir de las estrategias de búsqueda, se encontraron 635 estudios, 19 seleccionados para el análisis. Los resultados permitieron la comprensión del acoso sexual en el ambiente de trabajo a partir de cuatro perspectivas así como la identificación de las consecuencias y de las estrategias de afrontamiento de ese fenómeno. La realización de esta revisión sistemática posibilitó la obtención de un panorama de la discusión de la temática en foco en los últimos cinco años, para suplir la laguna existente de ese tipo de estudio.
Construcción y validación de la escala de locus de control materna
Authors: García-Méndez Mirna , Peñaloza-Gómez Rafael , Méndez-Sánchez María del Pilar , Rivera Aragón Sofía
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue obtener la validez de constructo y consistencia interna de la escala de locus de control materno para madres con hijos adolescentes. Colaboraron de manera voluntaria 765 madres monoparentales y biparentales de la Ciudad de México (Medad= 42 años, DT = 6.66). La muestra fue no probabilística intencional. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales con rotación ortogonal, se obtuvieron 30 ítems y 6 factores que explicaron el 51.09% de la varianza, consistencia interna = .740. Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para confirmar la estructura de la escala. Los valores de los índices de ajuste fueron: chi cuadrada = 611.528, gl= 356 > .05; NFI = .900; IFI = .956; CFI = .955; RMSEA = .031 (LO 90 = .026, HI 90 = .035).  Se concluye que la escala es válida y confiable para medir el locus de control materno.
Asesoramiento en la perspectiva de profesionales de la atención primaria de salud: desafíos en la descentralización de la prueba rápida VIH / SIDA
Authors: Bones Rocha Kátia , De Andrade Souza Ew Raquel , Moraes Moro Larissa , Lemos De Pinho Zanardo Gabriela , Pizzinato Adolfo
Published: May 2018

El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar cómo el asesoramiento en VIH / SIDA está desarrollandose en la descentralización de la prueba rápida para VIH y otras enfermidades de transmisión sexual para la atención básica. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratório, realizado en 15 unidades de salud de Porto Alegre/Brasil, a través de entrevistas con 22 profesionales. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis temático y discutidos bajo la perspectiva del trabajo vivo en salud de Merhy. Se organizaron en dos temas principales: (1) La descentralización de las pruebas en la atención primaria; (2) Asesoramiento - elementos y desafíos. Los resultados señalados fueron: la actividad no se presenta de forma transversal en el equipo, con práctica centralizada en los enfermeros; mayor dominio en la ejecución de la prueba (tecnología dura) y en el enfoque informativo (tecnología ligera); inseguridad en relación a la gestión de riesgos y al soporte emocional (tecnologías ligeras), principalmente ante el diagnóstico positivo. Uno de los principales desafíos para la eficacia del asesoramiento es la adecuación del enfoque según la necesidad del usuario.
Proyectos de vida de adolescentes en medida socioeducativa de internamiento
Authors: Coscioni Vinicius , Pinto Marques Mauricio , Rosa Edinete Maria , Koller Sílvia Helena
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar proyectos de vida de adolescentes privados de libertad debido a la comisión de actos de infracción. Un estudio de múltiples casos se realizó con cuatro grupos focales. Participaron del estudio 25 adolescentes, entre 15 y 19 años, internos en unidades socioeducativas en las regiones metropolitanas de Espírito Santo y Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos fueron tratados a partir del análisis temático, utilizando procedimientos sistemáticos para la diferenciación de los casos. Se verificaron dos formas de los participantes de concebir el futuro: 1) a partir de proyectos de vida vinculados a la criminalidad, incluyendo un sentido de acción claro para el futuro; y 2) a partir de aspiraciones de futuro relacionadas con educación, familia y trabajo, pero sin un sentido de acción a través del cual se intentaba lograr tales aspiraciones. Los resultados sugieren que el sistema socioeducativo es infectivo en la promoción de proyectos de vida saludables.
Construcción de un inventario de inteligencia emocional percibida para adultos
Authors: Mikulic Isabel María , Crespi Melina , Caballero Romina
Published: May 2018

Mayer y Salovey (1997) definen la inteligencia emocional como una habilidad para percibir y expresar emociones; para acceder y/o generar sentimientos; para comprender las emociones; y para regularlas. Si bien, desde este enfoque, se han construido distintas pruebas para evaluar inteligencia emocional, las mismas presentan una serie de limitaciones, tanto desde el plano conceptual, como a nivel de su validez y fiabilidad. Se presenta la construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar Inteligencia Emocional Percibida en adultos de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Este proceso comprendió: a) definición conceptual y operacional del constructo, b) elaboración y análisis de los ítems, c) aplicación a una muestra de 356 participantes adultos de Buenos Aires, d) estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del inventario. Se obtuvieron evidencias favorables en torno a la validez de contenido, discriminación de los ítems, validez factorial y consistencia interna del inventario, aportando así una herramienta valiosa, tanto para actividades de investigación como de intervención y prevención.
ANALISIS KOMPETENSI MENGAJAR GURU SERTIFIKASI (PROFESIONAL) SEBAGAI DASAR PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI MENGAJAR GURU IPA PADA SMP NEGERI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Firmansyah Juli , Aswita Dian , Rizal Syamsul
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe the performance of professional teachers (post-certification) after obtaining a certificate of professional educators as well as allowances. The main competencies of professional teachers can be assessed by 6 capabilities, including the ability to implement the lesson, create modules and instructional media, preparation of RPP, personal and social competence, liveliness in academic organization and academic achievement development capability. This study is a model study of the Goal-Free Evaluation Model. The study population is all teachers of SMP who have passed the certification in Aceh Besar District. Sampling is done purposive sampling to teachers of science lessons in Secondary Schools in Aceh Besar District. Headmaster Principals are also involved to assess teachers' performance on the aspects of instructional administration. Data were collected using questionnaire, then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed from 6 Aspects of assessment, four aspects of them are learning ability, modules and learning media, preparation of RPP, personal and social competence have shown high performance. However two others namely liveliness in professional organizations and the development of academic achievement, still in low performance. Hopefully these results can be input for the Office of Education of Aceh Besar Regency as a basic material for improving the quality of education in terms of improving the performance of Professional Teachers in Aceh Besar Regency.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PEMBELAJARAN TAHFIZH BAGI MURID BAIT QURANY SALEH RAHMANY (BQSR) BANDA ACEH
Authors: Mahdalena Mahdalena
Published: May 2018

Many teenagers in Aceh have been found to be unable to properly recite the Quran, one of which is caused by their lack of habits to reciting the Quran during childhood. To respond to this issue, a learning institution called Bait QuranySalehRahmany (BQSR) Kindergarten/Preschool in Banda Aceh works to teach the children to recite and memorize the Quran in their early years. The subjects of the study were the principal, four teachers, and several students of BQSR Banda Aceh. This study employed a qualitative research design with an analytic descriptive method. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The data were then analyzed by data reduction, data display, and data verification. The findings showed that the Quran materials to be memorized included surah An-Naas and surah An-Naba’. In terms of the methods, the school implemented the methods of kinesthetic, andJarimatika(use of fingers). The implementation of these methods was as follow: first, in the Jarimatika method, the fingers were used as the tool in helping the students memorize the surah; and second, in the kinesthetic method, the memorization was done word-by-word (juzamma), and the body movements were used while memorizing the surah. The implications of using the Jarimatika method indicated that the students were easier to memorize, their memorization could last longer, their cognitive domain was also exercised, and the motoric sensor of their hands could be stimulated. As for the kinesthetic method, the implications elucidated that the students were also easier to memorize the surah, the passive attitude of the students could be overcome, the learning atmosphere was much better, the students’ achievements were also affected, the motoric sensor of the students could also be stimulated, and the tahfiz skill of the students could be enhanced as well.
KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL SIMPLE MIRACLES KARYA AYU UTAMI SERTA RELEVANSINYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA
Authors: Nurhuda Teguh Alif , J. Waluyo Herman , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: May 2018

This study aims to describe the content of Ayu Utami's Simple Miracles novel in terms of literary sociology and character education. Besides this research also see its relevance to the learning of literature in high school grade 12. This research uses qualitative descriptive method with the subject of Simple Miracles novel. Ayu Utami's novel tells about the life of one family and about the deaths of several family members. The results of this study indicate a social relationship between the characters both in one family member and outside family members. In addition, the results of this study can be deduced from 18 things that are characterized by the characters in this novel, religious, honest, tolerant, independent, democratic, curiosity, friendly, reading, social, and responsibility. This novel also has local cultural features known, religious, and social so that it can be a teaching material in high school grade 12 in accordance with KD 4.1.
Health Literacy, Glycemic Control, and Physician-Advised Glucose Self-Monitoring Use in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alvarez Paul M. , Young Laura A. , Mitchell Madeline , Blakeney Tamara G. , Buse John B. , Vu Maihan B. , Weaver Mark A. , Rees Jennifer , Grimm Kimberlea , Donahue Katrina E.
Published: May 2018

Objective.

To measure the association between health literacy and both patient-reported and clinical outcomes in patients with non–insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods.

We surveyed patients with non–insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (n = 448) from 15 primary care practices. The association between health literacy and patient-reported and clinical outcomes, including numeracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) use, how often physicians advised patients to conduct SMBG testing, and glycemic control (as measured by A1C), was investigated.

Results.

Study participants included 448 patients with non–insulin-treated type 2 diabetes located within central North Carolina. Participants with limited health literacy had poorer glycemic control (A1C 7.7 ± 1.1% vs. 7.5 ± 1.0%, P = 0.016) despite using SMBG testing more frequently (daily SMBG testing 49.3 vs. 30.7%, P = 0.001) compared to individuals with adequate health literacy. The difference in how often physicians advised patients to conduct SMBG testing between limited and adequate health literacy groups was not significant (P = 0.68).

Conclusion.

Limited health literacy was associated with poorer glycemic control and an increased frequency of SMBG testing in patients with non–insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. There was no significant difference in how often physicians advised patients to conduct SMBG testing between patients with limited and adequate health literacy.
O lugar da educação literária nas novas orientações curriculares: uma reflexão sobre os caminhos de Portugal e do Brasil
Authors: Fritzen Celdon
Published: May 2018

Este artigo discute comparativamente a formação do leitor literário nos currículos da educação básica de Portugal e do Brasil e quais estratégias podem ser identificadas nas diretrizes curriculares desses países, a fim de formar um leitor de literatura. Observa que há a introdução recente da educação literária nos documentos portugueses, enquanto, no Brasil, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) a diluem no domínio da leitura. Em ambos os currículos, a noção de gênero preside a aprendizagem, embora em Portugal tal noção seja contrabalançada pela noção de texto complexo, que valoriza o texto literário e evita sua diluição no conteúdo das práticas de leitura e escrita.
Proposta de uma metodologia intercultural para uma pedagogia indígena: a experiência das licenciaturas interculturais indígenas com o povo kaingang
Authors: Alejandro Santos Jorge , Piovezana Leonel , Narsizo Ana Paula
Published: May 2018

Este artigo apresenta a experiência das licenciaturas interculturais indígenas oferecidas pela Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, dentro da terra indígena kaingang. Com base no experimento, propõe-se esboçar uma metodologia intercultural que possibilite pensar sobre uma pedagogia específica para a educação indígena na região. A experiência consiste no desenvolvimento de um programa para a formação de professores indígenas da etnia kaingang para escolas de educação infantil e ensino fundamental de suas comunidades. Embora o processo de formação tenha obtido resultados positivos ao conseguir formar um número significativo de professores, percebe-se a ausência de um conteúdo curricular e uma pedagogia específica e diferenciada para a educação indígena. Mediante essa percepção, surgiu a necessidade de propor uma metodologia intercultural específica que reúna e sistematize a experiência desses anos, a fim de delinear uma pedagogia adequada às necessidades das comunidades indígenas.
Heritabilitas, variabilitas dan analisis kekerabatan genetik pada 15 genotip pisang (Musa paradisiaca) varietas ambon asal Jawa Barat berdasarkan karakter morfologi di Jatinangor
Authors: Ismail Ade , Wicaksana Noladhi , Daulati Z.
Published: May 2018

Heritabilitas, variabilitas, dan kekerabatan dari suatu populasi sangat penting dalam pera-kitan kultivar unggul pisang. Parameter genetik tersebut merupakan langkah awal dalam suatu kegiatan seleksi pada populasi pisang ambon ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi nilai hertitabilitas, variabilitas, dan hubungan kekerabatan 15 genotip pisang ambon. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen dengan tata ruang Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan ulangan dua kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Unpad Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian 753 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas pada semua karakter 15 genotip pisang ambon memiliki nilai yang rendah yang artinya bahwa lingkungan berpengaruh besar terhadap pertum-buhan dan perkembangan tanaman pisang, sedangkan pengaruh genetiknya kecil. Variabilitas genetik yang luas terlihat pada karakter lebar helai daun dan rhizoma (anakan). Sedangkan variabilitas genetik yang sempit terdapat pada karakter panjang petiole. Karakter lebar helai daun dan rhizoma (anakan) dapat mempermudah efektifnya program seleksi. Kemudian pada analisis kekerabatan genetik dari ke-15 genotip pisang ambon asal Jawa Barat, hanya genotip AB13 yang memiliki kekerabatan genetik yang jauh dari genotip lain, berdasarkan jarak koefisien Euclidian dalam karakter kualitatif.Kata kunci: Analisis kekerabatan genetik ∙ Heritabilitas ∙ Jawa Barat ∙ Pisang ambon ∙ variabilitas
Pengaruh jarak tanam berbeda pada berbagai dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung hibrida P-12 di Jatinangor
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Ruminta Ruminta , Bachtiar D. C.
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk organik kandang domba yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung Hibrida P-12. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, dengan ketinggian tempat ±750 meter di atas permukaan laut, dari bulan Maret sampai Juli 2013. Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Perlakuannya adalah sebagai berikut : Jarak tanam 75 x 25 cm + 2t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 75 x 25 cm + 1t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 75 x 25 cm + 3t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 75 x 40 cm + 2 t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 75 x 40 cm + 1t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 75 x 40 cm + 3t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 80 x 20 cm + 2 t/ha pupuk kandang, jarak tanam 80 x 20 cm + 1t/ha pupuk kandang, dan jarak tanam 80 x 20 cm + 3t/ha pupuk kandang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terdapat penga-ruh terhadap Indeks Luas Daun, Jumlah Baris Biji per tongkol, Bobot biji pipilan kering per petak, bobot biji pipilan kering per hektar, dan Indeks Panen. Perlakuan jarak tanam 75 x 25 cm + 1t/ha pupuk kandang memberikan hasil lebih baik dari perlakuan jarak tanam 75 x 25 cm + 3t/ha, yaitu 7,66 t/ha, tetapi tidak berbeda dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kata kunci : Jagung ∙ Jarak tanam ∙ Pupuk kandang domba
Studi efektivitas herbisida oksifluorfen 240 gl-1 sebagai pengendali gulma pada budidaya bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Umiyati Uum
Published: May 2018

Penelitian lapangan bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas herbisida berbahan aktif Oksifluorfen 240 gL-1. Sebagai pengendali gulma umum pada tanaman bawang merah. Percobaan dilakukan di desa Cikuya kecamatan Banjarharjo kabupaten Brebes dari bulan Oktober – Desember 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok  dengan 4 ulangan dan 7 perlakuan.  Perlakuan terdiri dosis herbisida oksifluorfen 240 gaiL-1dengan dosis 1,00; 1,50; 2,00; 2,50 dan  3,00 l/hektar, penyiangan secara manual dan tanpa pengendalian herbisida maupun penyiangan (kontrol).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa herbisida oksifluorfen 240 gaiL-1 dengan dosis 1,5–3 l/ha efektif mengen-dalikan  gulma dominan tanaman bawang merah  seperti Cynodon dactylon, Echinocloa colona, Cyperus iria Phyllhanthus debillis,  Euphorbia hirta,  gulmalain sertasemua jenis gulma sampai pengamatan 6 msa. Serta tidak menyebabkan keracunan tanaman bawang merah sampai pengamatan 6 minggu setelah aplikasi herbisida (msa) sehingga tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman.  Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 gaiL-1 dengan kisaran dosis 1,5 – 3 l/ha menghasilkan jumlah umbi per petak berkisar 7 – 7,92 umbi/tanaman, sedangkan pada dosis 2 l/ha  menunjukkan rata-rata berat  umbi basah bawang merah sebesar 24,15 kg/petak. Kata kunci : Efikasi ∙ Herbisida  Oksifluorfen ∙ Gulma ∙ Bawang merah ___________________________________________
Pola penyebaran tanaman jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain.) di Jawa Barat bagian selatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi
Authors: Maxiselly Yudithia , Ustari D , Ismail Ade , Karuniawan Agung
Published: May 2018

Jawa Barat bagian selatan memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang berlimpah. Salah satu komoditas yang berpotensi dikembangkan di Jawa Barat bagian selatan adalah tanaman jengkol (Pithecellobium Jiringa (Jack) Prain.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data mengenai pola penyebaran tanaman jengkol di Jawa Barat bagian selatan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November sampai bulan Desember 2013. Lokasi survey meliputi beberapa desa di kabupaten Ciamis, kabupaten Tasikmalaya, dan kabupaten Garut dengan menggunakan metode eksplorasi dan penentuan lokasi secara purposive sampling. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi dengan metode karakterisasi in situ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principle Component Analysis) terdapat pola penyebaran yang acak atau tidak spesifik wilayah pada aksesi-aksesi jengkol yang dikoleksi dari Jawa Barat Selatan. Terdapat 3 aksesi jengkol yaitu JG 3, JG 7 dan JG 10 yang mengelompok berbeda dengan aksesi-aksesi jengkol yang lain diakibatkan karakter bentuk bunga, posisi bunga, dan lingkar buah yang merupakan karakter paling berkontribusi pada variasi jengkol di Jawa Barat bagian Selatan. Kata kunci: Analisis komponen utama ∙ Jengkol ∙ Purposive sampling
Pengaruh aplikasi pelapisan benih terhadap viabilitas benih terdeteriorasi serta pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai
Authors: Sumadi Sumadi , Suryatmana P. , Sobardini Denny
Published: May 2018

Kualitas benih akan mempengaruhi dinamika pertumbuhan tanaman.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji respons benih terdeteriorasi terhadap aplikasi berbagai pelapis benih, baik berupa insektisida maupun pelapis hayati berupa suspensi mikroorganisma yang dicerminkan dengan peningkatan laju tumbuh tanaman.  Penelitian merupakan percobaan petak terbagi dua faktor, yaitu tingkat deteriorasi (D) yang terdiri dari benih berkualitas baik (DB = 84 %) dan  benih terdeteriorasi (DB = 75 %) .  Pelapis benih yang digunakan terdiri dari Thiametoxam,  Rhizobium sp , Azotobakter sp , campuran Azotobakter sp + Rhizobium sp, dan  Trichoderma sp.  Hasil Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara tingkat deteriorasi benih dengan jenis pelapis benih terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Kualitas benih memberi respons pertumbuhan yang berbeda terhadap jenis pelapis benih yang diberikan.  Aplikasi pelapis benih berupa insektisida maupun inokulan mikroorganisme tidak mampu meningkatkan vigor benih yang sudah terdeteriorasi, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap jumlah nodula efektif, perkembangan klorofil, Laju Tumbuh Relatif, Laju Asimilasi Bersih , dan Nisbah Pupus Akar. Secara umum pemberian Rhizobium sp dan Azotobacter sp dapat meningkatkan jumlah nodula efektif, tetapi tidak secara nyata mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Kata Kunci : pelapis benih, thiametoxam, Azotobakter sp, Rhizobium sp, Trichoderma sp, viabilitas , vigor benih
Aplikasi sitokinin untuk pematahan dormansi benih kentang G1 (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Nuraini Anne , Sumadi Sumadi , Pratama R.
Published: May 2018

Kentang merupakan komoditas pertanian yang mempunyai arti penting di dunia. Kentang mempunyai berbagai macam keunggulan seperti sumber protein yang tinggi, tidak mudah rusak seperti sayuran lain, dan berpotensi dalam program diversivikasi pangan. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi kentang adalah adanya fase dormansi pada masa pertumbuhan kentang. Upaya mempercepat masa dormansi tanaman adalah dengan penambahan hormon pemacu pertumbuhan. Sitokinin merupakan salah satu hormon pemacu pertumbuhan yang berperan dalam pembelahan sel. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sitokinin terhadap dormansi benih kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Sitokinin yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Benzyl amino purine (BAP). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan  6 perlakuan dan diulang empat kali, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah berbagai  macam konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri dari 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1, 150 mgL-1, 200 mgL-1 dan 250 mgL-1. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, bobot tunas, bobot benih dan diameter benih. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian BAP berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas, dan panjang tunas pada tanaman kentang, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan bobot basah benih dan penurunan diameter benih.  Kata kunci: Benih kentang, benzyl amino purine (BAP), dormansi tunas
Pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) yang Diberi perlakuan pupuk silikon dengan dosis yang berbeda di dataran medium Jatinangor
Authors: Wicaksono Fiky Yulianto , Maxiselly Yudithia , Mulyani Oviyanti , Janitra M. I.
Published: May 2018

Pemberian silikat diketahui dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan, stabilitas membran sel, dan kandungan klorofil meningkat sehingga dapat mengatasi cekaman panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis silikon yang optimum terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum yang maksimum di dataran medium. Percobaan dilakukan sejak Maret hingga Agustus 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian tempat yaitu ± 750 m di atas permukaan laut. Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dosis pupuk silika yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 kg ha-1. Perbedaan nilai rata-rata taraf diuji dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk silika berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman dibandingkan tanpa pupuk silika, dilihat dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, persentase gabah isi, bobot 100 butir, bobot biji, dan kandungan gluten. Dosis pupuk silika yang paling baik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil adalah 250 kg ha-1. Kata kunci: gandum,silikon, dataran medium
Pemanfaatan empat isolat Trichoderma sp. untuk mengendalikan penyakit akar gada pada tanaman caisin
Authors: Yudha Melinda , Soesanto L. , Mugiastuti E.
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi empat isolat Trichoderma sp. dalam mengendalikan penyakit akar gada serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman caisin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, mulai Mei 2016 sampai bulan Juni 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas, kontrol diinokulasikan P. brassicae, kontrol tidak diinokulasikan P. brassicae, Trichoderma sp. isolat jahe, Trichoderma sp. isolat bawang, Trichoderma sp. isolat pisang, Trichoderma sp. isolat nenas, dan fungisida berbahan aktif Azoksistrobin dan Difenokonazol. Variabel yang diamati adalah masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit di atas permukaan tanah, intensitas penyakit di bawah permukaan tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot segar, dan volume akar gada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Trichoderma isolat bawang efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit akar gada dan meningkatkan hasil tanaman caisin, dengan menekan intensitas penyakit di atas tanah sebesar 50,00%, menekan intensitas di bawah tanah sebesar 34,48%, menurunkan volume akar gada sebesar 72,73%,  menunda masa inkubasi sebesar 26,65%, meningkatkan jumlah daun sebesar 18,12%, dan bobot basah sebesar 30,75%. Perlakuan empat isolat Trichoderma sp. belum mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman caisin.Kata Kunci: Caisin, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Trichoderma sp.
Pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo hubungannya dengan kandungan prolin dan 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline pada kondisi kadar air tanah berbeda
Authors: Rahayu A. Y. , Haryanto T. A.D. , Iftitah S. N.
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons varietas padi gogo pada kadar air tanah berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kandungan prolin dan 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biji. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Universitas Tidar Magelang mulai bulan September 2012 sampai dengan Maret 2013. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu varietas padi gogo (Inpago Unsoed-1, galur JSPGA 136, varietas Situ-bagendit (non-aromatik) dan varietas Mentik Wangi) dan tingkat kadar air tanah (100 % kapasitas lapang dan 50 % kapasitas lapang). Variabel pengamatan meliputi: tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah anakan total per rumpun (batang), jumlah anakan produktif (batang), total panjang akar (m), umur berbunga (hst), umur panen (hst), panjang malai (cm), jumlah bulir per malai, bobot 1000 biji (g), bobot biji per rumpun (g), kandungan prolin (μM/g) dan kandungan 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (ppm). Secara umu padi gogo yang ditanam pada kondisi kadar air tanah 50 % kapasitas lapang menghasilkan umur panen panjang dengan pertumbuhan dan hasil rendah namun memiliki kandungan prolin dan kandungan 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline lebih tinggi diban-dingkan dengan yang ditanam pada kondisi kadar air tanah 100 % kapasitas lapang. Namun demikian, pada kondisi kadar air tanah 50 % kapasitas lapang, varietas Mentik Wangi menunjukan hasil tinggi pada karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil serta kandungan 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline dan kandungan prolin. Kata kunci: Padi gogo ∙ Kadar air tanah ∙ Pertumbuhan ∙ Hasil ∙ Prolin ∙ 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline
Pengaruh pupuk silikon organik dan kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum di dataran medium Jatinangor
Authors: Wicaksono Fiky Yulianto , Wahyudin Agus , Nurmala Tati , Janitra Muhammad Irfan
Published: May 2018

Gandum di daerah tropis mempunyai potensi pengembangan di dataran medium.Silikon dapat mengurangi cekaman panas pada gandum di dataran medium, sementara kompos diharapkan dapat menjadi substitusi pupuk silikon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara pupuk silikon dengan kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di dataran medium. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2016 – September 2016 di kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok sementara rancangan perlakuan adalah faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 taraf dosis silikon 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 250 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1 dan 2 taraf dosis kompos 3 ton ha-1 dan 6 ton ha-1 yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi interaksi antara aplikasi pupuk silikon organik dengan kompos terhadap hasil (bobot biji pertanaman). Aplikasi pupuk silikon organik 250 kg/ha disertai kompos 3 ton ha-1 menghasilkan bobot biji per tanaman tertinggi sebesar 6,39 g per tanaman, sedangkan pada pada aplikasi kompos 6 ton ha-1, hasil tertinggi ditunjukkan pada aplikasi pupuk silikon organik 200 kg ha-1 dengan hasil sebesar 6,09 g per tanaman.Kata kunci: gandum, silikon, kompos
Respons pertumbuhan tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) dengan pemberian pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik berbeda dosis
Authors: Ariyanti Mira , Soleh Mochamad Arief , Maxiselly Yudithia
Published: May 2018

Tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) adalah salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan potensial untuk terus dikembangkan. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas aren di Indonesia adalah dengan  pemupukan. Pupuk anorganik yang lazim diaplikasikan pada tanaman aren  memiliki kecenderungan untuk merusak kualitas tanah. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan usaha untuk  untuk mengembalikan kesehatan tanah dengan cara mengimbangi pemberian pupuk anorganik dengan pupuk organik. Penelitian ini  dilakukan di kebun percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat pada Oktober 2016 - Desember  2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok terdiri dari enam kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Perlakuan meliputi  tanpa pupuk, pupuk organik 100%, pupuk anorganik 100%, 25% pupuk organik + 75% pupuk anorganik, 50% pupuk organik + 50% pupuk anorganik, dan 75% pupuk organik + 25% pupuk anorganik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 25% - 50% pupuk organik yang dikombinasikan dengan 50%-75% pupuk anorganik berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan aren TBM terutama pada parameter rata-rata pertambahan tinggi tanaman, rata-rata pertambahan lilit batang dan rata-rata pertambahan jumlah daun. Kata Kunci : Aren,  pupuk anorganik, pupuk organik