bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Dispensing of Acid Blockers to US Children: 2016–2023
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , He Sijia , Conti Rena M.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate changes in the dispensing of acid blockers, defined as H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, to US children aged 0 to 18 years after ranitidine was recalled in late September 2019 and after the COVID-19 pandemic began.

METHODS

We analyzed the 2016–2023 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, which includes prescriptions dispensed from 92% of US retail pharmacies. Using an interrupted time series design, we assessed for level and slope changes in the monthly number of dispensed acid blocker prescriptions to children in October 2019 (month after ranitidine recall) and April 2020 (month after pandemic began). We repeated analyses among infants aged 0 to 1 year and older children aged 2 to 18 years.

RESULTS

In October 2019, there was a level decrease of 55 809 acid blocker prescriptions (95% CI, −92 038 to −19 580), representing a 11.0% decline relative to the predicted value in January 2016 (intercept). There was no level change in April 2020, but there was a slope increase (11 749 prescriptions/month, 95% CI, 595 to 22 903). Despite this increase, acid blocker dispensing in December 2023 was 10.9% lower than predicted had pre-October 2019 trends continued. Among infants and older children, dispensing was 25.5% and 4.7% lower than predicted, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Acid blocker dispensing to US children declined sharply after the ranitidine recall, illustrating the power of drug recalls to affect prescribing decisions in children. After the COVID-19 pandemic began, acid blocker dispensing recovered to a greater degree in older children compared to infants. Future research should investigate the reasons for these diverging trends.
Evaluación del desarrollo pragmático temprano: estudio de la confiabilidad y la validez del Inventario del Uso del Lenguaje en Chile
Authors: Contreras Cortés Aylin Xiomara , Segura Pujol Hugo Alfonso , Guerra Santa María Paulina
Published: January 2025

En la actualidad existen diversos instrumentos para evaluar el desempeño lingüístico en diferentes edades, no obstante, en lo que respecta a evaluaciones en primera infancia las investigaciones han obtenido resultados divergentes destacando la necesidad de abordajes evaluativos funcionales. Lo anterior, perjudica la pesquisa de niños que requieren intervención, y a su vez enlentece el proceso de cumplimiento de objetivos terapéuticos.

El propósito del presente estudio es realizar una primera descripción de las medidas psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad del Inventario del Uso del Lenguaje (LUI) en Chile. Este es un cuestionario que se incluye dentro de evaluaciones funcionales ya que proporciona información lingüística a través del reporte de los padres en su contexto familiar.

Método: El diseño fue no experimental analítico y tuvo una muestra constituida por 150 niño/as de entre 18 y 47 meses de edad que asisten a jardines pertenecientes a la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles (JUNJI). De los 150 padres que completaron el instrumento, el 14% lo completó nuevamente luego de 2 semanas para determinar confiabilidad test-retest.

Resultados: la consistencia interna se calculó mediante Alfa de Cronbach y sus resultados varían entre 0,84 y 0,88 lo que sugiere que el LUI es un instrumento válido para ser aplicado en niños hablantes del español chileno. Por otro lado, la confiabilidad test retest se calculó con Spearman-Brown, lo que arrojó una correlación positiva concluyendo que es un instrumento confiable.

Conclusiones: Este estudio es el primero en entregar información psicométrica sobre el LUI en Chile y sus resultados indican que es un instrumento válido y confiable para ser aplicado en niños de edad preescolar.
PERCEPCIÓN DEL SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SERENA. CONURBACIÓN LA SERENA-COQUIMBO
Authors: Araya Rivera Génesis Carolina , Ortloff Núñez Karin Yaneth
Published: January 2025

El transporte público en Chile ha enfrentado desafíos como la congestión, tarifas elevadas y problemas de accesibilidad en algunas áreas. A pesar de los esfuerzos para mejorarlo aún persisten grandes retos en su optimización a nivel nacional. En particular, las ciudades de La Serena y Coquimbo han experimentado desafíos similares en el servicio de transporte público además con la falta de regulación generando disparidades en la calidad del servicio. Estos problemas han afectado a los estudiantes de todos los niveles especialmente a los universitarios, generando dificultades adicionales en la mejora de la movilidad urbana. Esta falta de regulación puede afectar la satisfacción de los usuarios, convirtiéndose en un aspecto crucial a abordar para mejorar la calidad del transporte público en estas ciudades.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la percepción del transporte público en los estudiantes de la Universidad de La Serena dentro de la conurbación La Serena Coquimbo.

Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, se emplea un enfoque mixto con predominio en lo cuantitativo, adoptando un diseño Explicativo Secuencial (DEXPLIS). Las técnicas seleccionadas comprenden una encuesta dirigida a estudiantes de la Universidad de La Serena y entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos en el tema y a agentes influyentes en el tema.

Por medio del análisis realizado se concluyó que la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre el servicio de transporte público es negativa debido a su incumplimiento con estándares básicos. Esta insatisfacción se deriva de problemas como la falta de empatía, seguridad y la capacidad de respuesta deficiente.

Abordar estas deficiencias es crucial para mejorar la experiencia de
OPTIMALISASI PORTOFOLIO SAHAM IDX-PEFINDO PRIME BANK DENGAN PENDEKATAN MARKOWITZ
Authors: Widyarimbi Frisma Ayu , Situmeang Radian Januari , Arsani Jeanli Riska , Sari Wahyu Aprillia
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan guna memperoleh portofolio yang lebih optimal dengan menerapkan pemodelan Markowitz. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah harga penutupan dari 10 saham pada indeks IDX-PEFINDO PRIME BANK periode 3 Januari 2022 hingga 30 Oktober 2023. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa portofolio baru akan lebih optimal jika diisi oleh 5 saham terpilih, dengan pengalokasian dana terbagi atas BNGA (42,6%), NISP (26,7%), BBNI (20,8%), PNBN (5,7%), dan BMRI (4,2%). Metode markowizt dapat membentuk portofolio baru dengan tingkat rata-rata return portofolio sebesar 0,1% dan resiko pada portofolo tersebut sebesar 1,0%.
PENDEKATAN KOMPARATIF ALGORTIMA MACHINE LEARNING UNTUK PREDIKSI KEMISKINAN GLOBAL
Authors: Putri Darvi Mailisa , Friska Dina
Published: January 2025

Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah sosial yang butuh perhatian khusus untuk ditangani. Banyak dampak yang ditimbulkan, diantaranya permasalahan pertumbuhan otak anak, meningkatnya penyakit jangka panjang, dan meningkatnya konflik sosisal dan keamanan. Maka perlu usaha untuk mengatasi kasus kemiskinan secara efektif dengan pendekatan yang inovatif dan berbasis data yaitu penggunaan Algoritma machine learning. Algoritma ini dapat menganalisis data kemiskinan, mengidentifikasi pola, dan memprediksi risiko kemiskinan dengan lebih akurat. Penelitian ini fokus menganalisis performa algoritm machine learning yaitu Decision Trees dan Naïve Bayes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan algoritma Decision Trees memiliki akurasi lebih baik (84,2%) dibandingkan akurasi algortima Naïve Bayes (78,9%). Namun performa algoritma Naïve Bayes dalam memprediksi berbagai kelas lebih stabil dibanding algoritma Decision Trees berdasarkan nilai presisi, recall, F1-score dan specificity.
Characteristics of Extraneural Tuberculosis in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis Hospitalized at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia in 2017–2021
Authors: Grazielle Grazielle , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , Sobaryati Sobaryati , Dian Sofiati , Santoso Prayudi
Published: January 2025

Background: Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary TB and contributes to a high mortality rate. The presence of extraneural TB may raise suspicion of TB meningitis (TBM). This study aimed to explore the characteristics of extraneural TB in TBM patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of TBM patients admitted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from 2017 to 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including HIV status. TBM cases were classified into grades I, II, and III using Medical Research Counsil (MRC) criteria that were based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and the presence of focal neurological deficits. The clinical classification diagnosis of TBM was made based on the Marais diagnostic criteria which included several diagnostic items and corresponding scoring which further divides TBM into three classes. Extraneural TB is defined as the finding of TB outside the nervous system. Disseminated TB was diagnosed based on the finding of ≥2 infected locations.Results: During the study period, 497 medical records were analyzed. Most TBM patients experienced Grade II (76.9%) and extraneural TB site was found in 65.4%, with pulmonary TB as the common site (77%). The highest mortality rate was in disseminated TB (50%). The finding of extraneural TB did not differ between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients (67.8% vs. 67.9%; p=0.101).Conclusion:  The presence of extraneural TB is common in patients with TBM. Therefore, extraneural TB evaluation is important to ensure TBM diagnosis. Further studies are needed to explore factors related to TBM diagnosis to ensure TBM patient’s wellbeing.
Blood Pressure Reduction in Patients with Hypertension Through Soursop Leaf Tea Consumption
Authors: Siagian Masryna , Hulu Victor Trismanjaya , Ginting Rapael , Manalu Putranto , Sijabat Vina Helsa Laora , Tarigan Nita Kastrina
Published: January 2025

Background: Controlling hypertension through pharmacological treatment is effective but can potentially lead to long-term side effects. Thus, more patients with hypertension have turned to herbal plants for treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of soursop leaf tea in reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental approach with a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design, involving 30 participants in the intervention group and 30 participants in the control group. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to assess the disparity in mean blood pressure levels before and after consumption of soursop leaf tea. The Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the distinction in mean blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group.Results: In the intervention and control groups, most respondents were aged 56–65 years (60% and 66.7%), male (70% and 56.7%) and had suffered from hypertension for more than 5 years (70% and 56.7%). There was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001) before and after the administration of soursop leaf tea. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001).Conclusions: Consumption of soursop leaf tea can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, suggesting that this local herb has a potential effect on individuals diagnosed with hypertension.
Development and Optimization of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Primers for Accurate Diagnosis: A Case Study in West Sumatra - Indonesia
Authors: Aulia Ony Nattasha , Putri Dwi Hilda , Faizal Irvan
Published: January 2025

Background: In 2022, new cases of Covid-19 emerged, including the Omicron variant which is classified as a variant of concern (VOC). West Sumatra is one of the top ten provinces with the highest number of cases in Indonesia. This study aimed to design specific primers and optimize the PCR method that can be used for accurate detection, specifically for SARS-CoV-2 circulating in West Sumatra.Methods: This study used an in silico approach, using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data available at the global initiative on sharing avian influenza data (GISAID), and employing the Geneious Prime application which confirmed samples collected from Padang, West Sumatra, and from Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jabodetabek) serving as comparative sample tests. Technology development was supported by bioinformatics testing, laboratory testing, and validation methods, involving gene mining, sequence alignment, and primer design. Laboratory tests and validation included viral genomes extraction and cDNA synthesis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and results analysis. Results: Three sets of optimal primer candidates amplified the coveted target gene was discovered, specifically, the S gene of the receptor binding domain (RBD) region.Conclusions: The primers designed through a consensus between the complete genome of the SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 and the WGS of the Omicron variant in Padang, West Sumatra, have successfully detected the SARS-CoV-2 virus variant in the region. The most effective temperature optimization results were achieved by testing three primer products on samples from Padang and Jabodetabek. It has significance as a valuable diagnostic tool in the primer form.
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) Affects Extremity Motor Progress in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Ramadhani Dhianty , Amalia Nuri , Putri Mirasari
Published: January 2025

Background: Decreased motor function is the most common disorder caused by stroke, leading to disability. Early recanalization is the potential therapy for acute ischemic stroke, by using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of rtPA therapy on the motor progression of extremities in acute ischemic stroke patients.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from medical records of 45 patients with acute ischemic stroke who received rtPA therapy in Al Islam Bandung Hospital, Indonesia in 2022. The limb motor progress was designated as an increase in strength motoric function skills of the left and right arms, as well as the left and right legs which were influenced by the neuroplasticity process. Marginal homogeneity test was used with significance at p<0.05.Results: Therapy of rtPA improved affected limb motor progress in patients (p=0.000). Before the administration of rtPA, all patients experienced muscle weakness. After 24 hours of rtPA therapy, patients experienced a decrease in muscle strength (9.5%), a steady state (28.6%), and increased in muscle strength (61.9%). After 72 hours, it was found that patients experienced a decrease in muscle strength (9.5%), a steady state (16.7%), and  increased in muscle strength (76.2%).Conclusion: Administration of rtPA significantly affects the progress of limb motor improvement in acute ischemic stroke patients. This study supports rtPA as a? primary therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke patients and is expected to contribute to improving the management and recovery of stroke, a critical illness associated with aging.
Afgan Öğrencilerin Algıladıkları Sosyal Dışlanma, Ayrımcılık ve Irkçılığın Türk Kamu Diplomasisine Etkileri: Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Örnekleri
Authors: Çiçek Ali , Eser Hamza Bahadır
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışma, Afgan öğrenciler özelinde Türkiye’nin uluslararası öğrenciler üzerinden inşa ettiği kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinin karşı karşıya olduğu tehditleri ayrımcılık ve ırkçılık algısı temelinde ele almıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, Afgan öğrencilerin algısında, Türk toplumunda kendilerine yönelik önyargı, sosyal dışlama, ayrımcılık, zenofobi ve hatta ırkçı davranışların yaygın şekilde görüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi takip edilmiştir. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’nden toplamda 15 öğrenciyle derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler Maxqda 2020 programıyla analiz edilmiştir.
The Mediating Role of Implicit Leadership in The Effect of Locus of Control and Organizational Culture on Employees’ Organizational Commitment
Authors: Ayyıldız Umut , Akdoğan Ayşegül Asuman , Karacaoğlu Korhan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of locus of control (LOC) and organizational culture on organizational commitment together with the mediating role of implicit leadership [i.e., leader prototype in the minds of the employees—ILTs, perceived leadership—ILTs recognition, and congruence (between ILTs and ILTs recognition) variable]. According to the data collected from 558 employees in the education and health care sectors within Balıkesir province of Türkiye, internal LOC and all dimensions of organizational culture (i.e., flexible, market, and hierarchy) exhibit a positive influence on organizational commitment with the mediation role of ILTs recognition and congruence variable. Findings also indicate that internal LOC and flexible culture positively affect ILTs, while external LOC negatively.
Bireysel Kariyer Planlama İle Üniversite Tercihi İlişkisinde Kariyer Merkezlerinin Hizmet Kalitesinin Aracılık Rolü
Authors: Bayrakcı Rumeysa Beyza , Duman Hazal
Published: January 2025

Bu araştırmanın amacı bireysel kariyer planlamanın üniversite tercihine etkisinde kariyer merkezi hizmet kalitesinin aracılık rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma bir vakıf üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 307 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesinde SPSS aracılığı ile Process Makro uygulamasından faydalanılmış ve model 4 parametreleri uygulanmıştır.
Gerçekleştirilen analizler neticesinde bireysel kariyer planlamanın kariyer merkezlerinin hizmet kalitesi (B=.649; p
İklim Değişikliğinin İhracat Ürün Çeşitlendirmesi Üzerine Etkileri: OECD Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Koluman Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iklim değişikliğinin ihracat ürün çeşitlendirmesi üzerinde etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İş Birliği Örgütü (OECD) üyesi 37 ülkeye ait veriler, 1995-2022 dönemi için Kesirli Logit Model ile Moment Kantil Regresyon (MMQR) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, yağış miktarı ve ortalama sıcaklıktaki artışların ihracat ürün çeşitlendirmesinden ziyade ihracat ürün yoğunlaşmasına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Diğer yandan ekolojik ayak izindeki artış ise ihracat ürün yoğunlaşmasını azaltmaktadır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre OECD ülkelerinde iklim değişikliği ihracat ürün çeşitlendirmesini olumsuz etkilemekte, bu durumda ülkeler ihracat kompozisyonlarında iklim değişikliğinin etkisini göz önünde bulundurması gerekmektedir.
Understanding the Effects of Selected Backpack Loads Carried for Certain Durations on Peak Forces of Walking Gait in School-Going Boys
Authors: Husain Rabiya , Mola Dessalegn Wase , Shaw Dhananjoy
Published: January 2025

Background. Backpacks are commonly used by students to carry their school items. However, increasing backpack loads can lead to negative effects on health and posture, particularly through changes in gait dynamics. Peak forces are a critical variable in understanding gait mechanics, which is significantly impacted by carrying loads. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the changes in peak forces with varying (increasing) backpack loads and the durations of carrying.
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the effect of various backpack loads, carried for different durations, on the forces at first and second peaks of the left and right foot during a walking gait cycle in school-going boys.
Materials and methods. The subjects (n = 85) between the age of 10 to 12 years, were randomly selected from Delhi NCR. The force at first and second peaks was measured using a ZebrisInc pressure platform supported by Win FDM-S software (Germany). Five backpack load conditions were analysed, namely, B1 = backpack load of 0 % of body weight (no additional weight in the backpack); B2 = backpack load of 8% of body weight; B3 = backpack load of 12 % of body weight; B4 = backpack load of 16 % of body weight; and B5 = backpack load of 20 % of body weight, at five following recording time, T1 = recording at zero minute of walking; T2 = recording at fifth minute of walking; T3 = recording at tenth minute of walking; T4 = recording at fifteenth minute of walking; T5 = recording at twentieth minute of walking. Statistical analyses included an assessment of the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and t-ratio. The significance level for the t-test was 0.05.
Results. The results indicated that increasing backpack loads led to higher peak forces at both the first and second peaks of the gait cycle. The right foot exhibited elevated forces at the first peak, while the left foot showed dominance at the second peak. Furthermore, prolonged load carriage was also found to increase peak forces. A paired sample t-test revealed significant differences between the first and second peaks, with a mean difference of −14.402 N (p = 0.002) for the first peak and 4.860 N (p = 0.001) for the second peak.
Conclusion. The study concluded that higher backpack loads significantly increased the mean of peak forces in walking gait, which may result in postural imbalances and gait asymmetry. These findings suggest a need for regulating backpack loads to prevent potential musculoskeletal issues in children.
Protocol for quantification of bone indices, calcein labels, and nerve axon density in multi-channel confocal images v1
Authors: T Beeve Alec , Li Anna , G Hassan Mohamed , L Scheller Erica
Published: January 2025

This protocol details the quantification of basic bone parameters including bone area, bone area fraction, periosteal perimeter, etc., dynamic indices of bone formation using calcein double labels, and the length, density, and branching of nerve endings present in long bone cross-sections imaged by confocal microscopy.
Aboveground net herbaceous plant production in grazinglands v1
Authors: Augustine David , Boughton Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Aboveground Net Primary Production by herbaceous plants (ANHP) is a fundamental property of grazinglands, with consequences for secondary and tertiary productivity and ecosystem function. Estimation of ANHP in the presence of grazers is complicated by the fact that both plant growth and plant consumption occur simultaneously when grazers are present on the site. Because the aboveground portions of herbaceous plants die back to the root or crown during the dormant season in temperate zones, ANHP can be estimated by measuring the cumulative change in aboveground herbaceous biomass within plots where herbivory is temporarily excluded. Where plants species are present that retain live aboveground biomass through the dormant season (e.g. woody plants, cactus), alternative methods than what is described here may be needed if an estimate of aboveground production by these species is desired. Where aboveground biomass is harvested by species or by functional group, and a forage value (e.g. grazed vs. not grazed) can be assigned to each species or functional group, then aboveground forage production can also be calculated. In grasslands composed entirely of herbaceous species (gramminoids and forbs), ANHP is equivalent to aboveground net primary production. ANHP is a primary metric for the LTAR Grazinglands Common Experiments assessing the indicator of Yield, and the preferred unit of measurement is in kg/ha/year.
Faktor China dalam Dasar Luar Indonesia
Authors: Senin Siti Suhaiza
Published: January 2025

This study examines how China's rise has influenced Indonesia's foreign policy towards China, focusing on the historical shifts between tension and harmony in their relations. It aims to analyze the impact of China’s economic growth on Indonesia’s foreign policy through three main factors: systemic (China's economic rise), domestic (Indonesia’s economic and political interests), and individual (leadership roles). The study also evaluates the implications for Indonesia's economic continuity and political stability. Using a qualitative approach and applying foreign policy concepts with a three-level analysis framework, the study argues that systemic factors have reshaped the dynamics of Indonesia-China relations, strengthening China's influence in Southeast Asia. Despite perceiving China as a potential threat, domestic factors and Indonesia's leadership have facilitated a more harmonious relationship. This cooperation has supported Indonesia’s economic stability and political continuity, as well as contributed to broader regional stability in Southeast Asia.

Keywords: Level of analysis; Indonesian foreign policy; Indonesia-China relations; the rise of China
Development of thermal scheme of gas contact desalination plant and analysis of its application conditions
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Lapshova V.M. , Kozlova M.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Bannikov A.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Bannikova S.A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Gorbynov V.A. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: January 2025

Flue gases of various power plants are widely used as a heating medium in waste heat boilers, contact heat exchangers with an active nozzle, and regenerative heat exchangers. Use of flue gases in the process of obtaining desalinated water is one of the promising directions of using heat of flue gases. The exhaust gases in most existing desalination plants are used only to heat desalinated water, in this case, this process is carried out in regenerative heat exchangers. However, contact heat exchange makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the desalination process. Combustion products contain greenhouse gases that have a negative impact on the environment, but at the same time have an energy potential that can be effectively used. In this regard, the tasks of the development of technologies that allow us to utilize heat of the exhaust gases, as well as to purify them, are relevant. Balance calculation methods have been used to develop a method for calculating the thermal scheme of a desalination plant and evaluating the effectiveness of the desalination process. A thermal scheme of a gas-contact desalination plant with adiabatic humidification of flue gases has been developed. The effect of flue gas temperature and sea water salinity on the efficiency of the installation has been determined. The use of flue gases in the process of obtaining desalinated water in contact desalinators allows us not only to obtain fresh water suitable for technical needs, but also to purify combustion products. As a result of balance calculations, it has been found that a change of the temperature of exhaust gases during adiabatic humidification from 365 to 120 °C leads to a 2,62-fold decrease in the productivity of gas-contact type installations. An increase of the initial salinity of seawater entering the installation leads to an increase of its consumption by 8,5 %.
Mathematical model for selection of frequency range boundaries when recording acoustic signals of partial discharges in high-voltage transformers
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Vecherkin M.V. , Lednov A.Yu. ,   “DMA” LLC (Magnitogorsk), Sarvarov A.S. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Dolgushin D.M. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: January 2025

Insulation damage is one of the main causes of faults in high-voltage transformers. Partial discharge characteristics are informative characteristics reflecting the state of insulation. One of the effective ways to monitor the technical condition of high-voltage transformers is to record and analyze acoustic signals of partial discharges. However, at present there are no generally recognized methods of transformer diagnostics based on the analysis of such signals. It is due to several understudied problems, one of which is the uncertainty of the boundaries of the frequency range for practical measurement of acoustic signals of partial discharges. Thus, the development of a mathematical model to select the boundaries of frequency ranges when recording acoustic signals of partial discharges in high-voltage transformers is an urgent task. The study of the impedance mathematical model, which considers the basic acoustic properties of an oil-filled transformer as a multilayer object, has been carried out using a characteristic parameter, i.e. the transmission coefficient. It determines the fraction of the amplitude of the acoustic signal that has passed through the object. The dependences of the transmittance coefficient on the frequency of the acoustic signal for different thicknesses of the steel wall of the transformer tank have been obtained. It is shown that these dependences for different thicknesses differ significantly only in the high-frequency region. When analyzing the frequency dependences of the acoustic signal transmission coefficient, it is possible to identify a rather narrow frequency range containing the maximum values of this coefficient. This frequency range can be recommended as an operating frequency band when selecting or creating measuring instruments for acoustic signals of partial discharges, as well as when searching for diagnostic signs of insulation in oil-filled high-voltage equipment.
Development of design system for electrical reactors, chokes and low-power transformers
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Tikhonov A.I. , Rozin V.E. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Fadeeva M.S. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Soloviev E.R. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Prokhorova N.V. ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University
Published: January 2025

Optimization based on the use of search methods for solving nonlinear problems with a discret or even discontinuous domain of definition and solution domain plays a crucial role in modern CAD systems of electrical devices. The role of universal science-intensive models is also growing, allowing us to get rid of the need to conduct R&D and develop prototypes of products, which has a positive effect on competition in the conditions of small-scale and individual production. At the same time, the number of experienced specialists at production sites who can personally develop design methods for non-standard devices is decreasing. In the meantime, powerful CAD systems remain inaccessible for small and medium-sized businesses in the field of transformer engineering. The purpose of this study is to develop an accessible software product capable of adapting to the changing range of manufacture of a particular enterprise. The authors have used the methods of the theory of CAD of transformers, methods of modeling physical processes in transformers, chokes and reactors using electrical equivalent circuits, and search methods for solving nonlinear problems. A CAD system for low-power transformers, chokes and reactors with a ferromagnetic core has been developed. MSExcel and MatLab packages have been used for the educational version of the CAD system, while MSExcel and the Python mathematical library have been used for the commercial version. A genetic algorithm has been used to find a solution using the penalty function method. A single scientific base based on the construction of electrical equivalent circuits for physical processes of arbitrary nature has been used to verify the calculations of the finished product. The author's library for modeling electrical circuits has been used to develop chain models. The CAD system of reactors, chokes and low-power transformers has been tested at three Russian enterprises specializing in the manufacture of low-power transformers, as well as chokes and reactors. The results of the work can be used to develop similar systems for designing electrical devices.
Analysis of the effectiveness of methods for ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of electric drives with active rectifiers in real production conditions
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Nikolaev A.A. , Gilemov I.G. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Bulanov M.V. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Ivekeev V.S. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: January 2025

A significant degradation of voltage quality of the in-plant network is possible during operation of electric drives based on a frequency converter with an active rectifier, due to the superposition of high-frequency harmonics of the electric drive current on the resonance region of the network frequency response. Due to the active introduction of such electric drives recently at metallurgical plants, various methods are implemented to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of the frequency converter and the power supply network. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of methods to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of electric drives and active rectifiers under industrial production. The effectiveness of various methods to improve the power quality in the power distribution system of the enterprise has been evaluated using the developed complex simulation model of the power supply system and electric drives of the hot strip mill. It considers the parameters of the main elements of the electrical complex, as well as the data of experimental studies obtained using the Fluke 435 and ELSPEC G4430 power quality analyzers. Two methods of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of the frequency converters with active rectifiers are considered. The use of improved algorithms of the active rectifier PWM allows us to reduce the value of the total harmonics distortions at the point of common coupling THDU by 40,1 % to 8,08 %. The installation of a specialized passive filter 9000 kVAr allows us to achieve a significantly greater technical effect (THDU = 0,42 %). The obtained results show that for the enterprise under consideration the optimal option for ensuring the required power quality is the use of specialized passive filter. However, this option will require significant capital and operating costs. The adequacy of the simulation model has been previously confirmed by experimental data and previous studies.
Imiona osobowe w polszczyźnie wobec kategorii płci
Authors: Siwiec Adam
Published: January 2025

Punkt wyjścia rozważań stanowi ustalony historycznie w warunkach polskich wzorzec nadawania imion osobowych, który wiąże się z wyraźną różnicą między imionami męskimi i żeńskimi. Na tej zasadzie forma językowa wielu imion jest skorelowana z określoną płcią, to jest zawiera odpowiedni gramatyczny wskaźnik rodzajowy pozwalający na ich zidentyfikowanie w polskiej świadomości językowej jako męskich lub żeńskich. Przyjęte społecznie sposoby kodowania informacji o płci mają oparcie w utrwalonych kognitywnie schematach, za pomocą których użytkownik języka dokonuje kategoryzacji imion jako wyrażeń językowych. Schemat łączy się z przyporządkowaną do rodzaju formą językową imion. Biorąc pod uwagę cechy morfologiczne (fleksyjne) imion osobowych można wydzielić w tej klasie antroponimicznej nazwy bardziej i mniej prototypowe ze względu na kategorię płci. Do tych pierwszych będą należeć imiona, w których informacja o płci osoby przekazywana jest najwyraźniej pod względem systemowym (na podstawie schematów prymarnych), czyli w przykładach, w których rodzaj męski wyraża w formie kanonicznej (M. lp.) końcówka zerowa i spółgłoskowe zakończenie tematu, a rodzaj żeński końcówka -a. Obserwacja uzusu pokazuje, że mamy też w polszczyźnie do czynienia z imionami, w których ustalona w ten sposób korelacja między formą językową a płcią nosicieli ulega zaburzeniu, co przejawia się w tym, że mogą być one używane jako męskie i żeńskie. Z tej perspektywy rozpatrywane są wystąpienia językowe, w których dochodzi do rozszerzenia referencji płci i funkcjonowania niektórych (zwłaszcza nowszych i mniej tradycyjnych) imion w kategoriach uniseks. Nacisk konwencji językowych i wzorów kulturowych sprawia, że imiona uniseks są w warunkach polskich zjawiskiem bardzo ograniczonym pod względem uzualnym, o którym wiedzę użytkownicy imion czerpią z innych języków (obce wzory nazewnicze) i w coraz szerszym zakresie z mediów, przede wszystkim z Internetu. Zwyczaje imiennicze w Polsce zmieniają się i w kontekście tych zmian można też rozpatrywać występowanie nazw wspólnych dla obu płci. Ponieważ jednak nie służą one płci, można przypuszczać, że tak jak obecnie będą one miały w polszczyźnie charakter marginalny. Kolejne zagadnienie to zmiany imion wynikające z różnych genderowych koncepcji siebie. Stanowią one w dzisiejszej Polsce zauważalny trend, który trzeba dokładniej zanalizować.
Výzkum percepce rodných jmen ve společnosti – jména na venkově a ve městě
Authors: Březinová Kristýna
Published: January 2025

Tématem studie je analýza současné české antroponymie z hlediska percepce rodných jmen širokou společností. Centrální oblastí zájmu jsou jména, která jsou společností vnímána jako typicky venkovská a městská. Úvodní část je věnována teoretickému pozadí tématu. Ve výzkumné části jsou představeny dvě sondy, které byly realizovány v letech 2022 a 2023, obě prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření, ale každá založena na jiném metodologickém východisku. Cílem dvojice výzkumů je odpovědět na otázku, zda jsou některá rodná jména vnímána perspektivou minulých let.
Językowo-kulturowy obraz części ciała ludzkiego (ręka, noga i ich elementy) utrwalony w nazwiskach niemieckich i polskich
Authors: Lica Zenon
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest językowo-kulturowy obraz zewnętrznych części ciała ludzkiego ukazany w świetle wybranych nazwisk polskich i niemieckich wyekscerpowanych z leksykonów antroponimicznych. Zbiór spetryfikowanych nazw osobowych przynosi wiedzę z poziomu języka potocznego, wnosi informacje o rozmiarze, kształcie i kolorze części ciała, ponadto wskazuje na ich metaforyczne użycia. W ten sposób powstał modelowy wzorzec nominacji taki sam w języku polskim, jak i niemieckim, co wynika z podobnego postrzegania człowieka poprzez jego wygląd zewnętrzny podlegający wartościowaniu.
Jak was słyszą, tak was piszą, czyli o pewnym typie przezwisk zbiorowych w gwarach Polski południowo-wschodniej
Authors: Kurdyła Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Artykuł poświęcono przezwiskom sąsiedzkim motywowanym przez cechy językowe charakterystyczne dla gwary przezywanych. Stanowią one około 10% wszystkich zebranych przez autora przezwisk mieszkańców sąsiednich wsi na obszarze Podkarpacia i wschodniej Małopolski (Nomen Auctoris, 2015).

W zasadzie nie należą do nich jeszcze przezwiska, które tylko dokumentują innowację gwarową (przeważnie leksykalną), lecz motywację mają niejęzykową (np. Krztełki ‘ludzie niskiego wzrostu’, Paryjorze ‘mieszkający w paryi’, Tyrkole ‘mieszkańcy tyrkoczą, czyli dużo i szybko mówią, są gadatliwi’). Grupę właściwą stanowią antroponimy pochodzące od (a) leksemów charakterystycznych dla gwary przezywanych, przy czym jest ich stosunkowo niedużo, a większość utworzono od charakterystycznych form adresatywnych, piętnując jednocześnie pewne postawy społeczne przypisywane sąsiadom (Blacisie/Bracisie, Słodkie Bracia, Wujkowie). Należą do niej również (b) przezwiska od cech wymawianiowych, a więc wyśmiewające m.in. mazurzenie (Węze), wymowę o jako e (Chłorebki), wymowę ił, ył jako oł, uł (Buły, Toboły), wymowę dwuwargowego ω lub u niezgłoskotwórczego zamiast v (Hałczoki, Łolanie). Są to antroponimy swoiste dla obszarów wewnętrznego pogranicza gwarowego, które na zbadanym obszarze może mieć trojaki charakter: a) dwóch przylegających do siebie obszarów gwarowych, b) niewielkich wysp językowych, c) jednej większej wyspy językowej; ponadto niektóre przezwiska stanowią świadectwo dawnego d) pogranicza etnicznego. Jednocześnie przezwiska społeczności wskazujące na jej odmienność (nie tylko językową) mają charakter uniwersalny.
Engaging the Space Between Minimal Processing and Inclusive Description to Create More Sustainable and Ethical Workflows
Authors: deGraffenreid Alexandra
Published: January 2025

Archival literature includes two prominent theoretical currents: the implementation of minimal descriptive practices and the need for more inclusive, reparative practices. Although prominent, these threads are not often considered together to explore how minimal processing frameworks may impact efforts for a diverse and representative archival record documenting marginalized communities and experiences. This article discusses these two frameworks, the apparent tension between them, and possible methods for reconciling the two to integrate more inclusive practices directly into standard archival workflows. This article argues that implementing inclusive practices into archival work is necessary to create a more representative historical record. Balancing both perspectives is necessary to create access points discoverable to a broad range of archival researchers. Creating access points for marginalized researchers is part of the core of archivists’ professional responsibilities and cannot be performed as a specialized project or contingent upon specialized funding—it must be embedded directly into all accessioning and processing workflows. By simultaneously considering these two theoretical currents, archivists can incorporate inclusive and reparative practices within an overarching extensible processing workflow.
PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN PEMBERIAN PEG TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH CABAI HIAS (Capsicum annuum L.) PADA KONDISI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN
Authors: Halimursyadah Halimursyadah , Hafsah Siti , Rifky T. Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas, konsentrasi PEG dan interaksi keduanya terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih cabai hias. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh pada tanggal 6 Desember 2023 – 11 Januari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial terdiri atas 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah varietas cabai hias yaitu Ayesha, Nazla, Violetta, Syakira. Faktor kedua adalah taraf perlakuan konsentrasi PEG yaitu 0%, 10% dan 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan varietas cabai berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh relatif dan panjang akar, berpengaruh nyata terhadap indeks vigor serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap keserempakan tumbuh dan berat kering kecambah normal. Varietas yang paling toleran adalah varietas Nazla. Konsentrasi PEG berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih pada parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, keserempakan tumbuh, indeks vigor dan panjang akar namun berpengaruh nyata pada berat kering kecambah normal. Konsentrasi PEG 20% paling berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan. Terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara varietas dan konsentrasi terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih pada panjang akar namun tidak terdapat interaksi pada parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, keserempakan tumbuh, indeks vigor dan berat kering kecambah norma. Kombinasi terbaik adalah Nazla dan konsentrasi PEG 0%.
Estrés laboral y síntomas musculoesqueléticos en colaboradores de una empresa privada de la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay, 2023
Authors: Barboza Compte Pablo Andrés , Morales-Clemotte Lelis
Published: January 2025

Introducción: los trastornos musculoesqueléticos y el estrés laboral afectan la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de una organización privada de la ciudad de Asunción.
Objetivo: describir el nivel de estrés laboral y el grado de percepción de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en colaboradores de una empresa privada de la ciudad de Asunción.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, observacional, de corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 45 colaboradores administrativos de una empresa privada de la ciudad de Asunción. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Estrés Laboral OIT-OMS y el Cuestionario de Síntomas musculoesqueléticos Nórdico de Kuorinka. Siendo las variables del estudio, nivel de estrés y síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Para el procesamiento de datos fue utilizado el Software MS-Excel 2016.
Resultados: de una muestra de 45 personas, el 87 % (n = 39) obtuvo un bajo nivel de estrés. Por otro lado, 96 % (n = 43) presentó percepción de síntomas musculoesqueléticos.
Conclusión: la mayoría de los colaboradores presentó un nivel de estrés bajo. En contrapartida, casi la totalidad de la muestra percibió síntomas de dolor musculoesquelético, ubicándose mayoritariamente en la zona de espalda baja. La relación entre el nivel de estrés y la percepción de síntomas músculoesqueléticos es un tema que requiere de una investigación más profunda para determinar con mayor precisión los efectos del estrés laboral en el organismo del ser humano. La Kinesiología y Fisioterapia es un camino válido para la puesta en marcha de planes de prevención y tratamiento de dolencias músculoesqueléticas en el contexto de las organizaciones.
Feedback in Clinical Medical Education: Then vs. Now
Authors: Stowers Kimberly , Timme Kathleen , Giardino Angelo
Published: January 2025

Feedback is a challenging skill in clinical medical education and is critical to student learning and patient safety/outcomes. At the 40th anniversary of Dr. Jack Ende’s seminal paper on feedback, we ask what approaches and concepts have withstood the test of time and how the conversation on feedback has evolved for modern-day medical education. To answer this question, we performed a qualitative study, comparing text related to feedback in Dr. Ende’s historic 1983 article “Feedback in Clinical Medical Education” to 24 transcribed interviews of clinician-educators on the Teaching in Medicine podcast in 2020. We conducted a thematic analysis of the two data sets. In the 1980s, the case for feedback was just emerging with a focus on the lack of feedback given. Current conversations have gained complexity with new considerations given to bidirectional feedback and feedback in the context of unique settings. Certain concepts persist, with the importance of a safe learning environment at the forefront of discussions both then and now.