bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Dexamethasone in Rheumatic Pain Herbal Medicine Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) – Densitometry
Authors: Permatasari Desy Ayu Irma , Kurniasri Novita , Mahardika Muladi Putra
Published: September 2021

Chemical medicine is chemical substances that is used as the main ingredient of chemical drugs. This compound is usually added to herbal medicine preparation to strengthen the indication of the traditional medicine.Chemical medicine was prohibited from being added to traditional medicinal preparations. But in reality, a lot of medicinal herbs could have contained medicinal chemicals on the market sale. This purpose of this research was to know the chemical contamination of the dexamethasone also the concentration contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine. This research was used three kind of rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample to identify dexamethasone, the sample code is S1, S2, and S3. The analysis of qualitative method are organoleptic test, FTIR characteristic test, TLC evaluation. The analysis of quantitative were purposed to know the dexamethasone concentration contained on the rheumatic pain herbal medicine using TLC-Densitometric method. The result show that the three sample of rheumathic pain herbal medicine were contaminated by dexamethasone chemical medicine. Based on organoleptic test, the results show color, smell, and taste. Characterization of the dexamethasone using FTIR were to know functional groups of dexamethasone contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample, the functional groups of the sample S1, S2, and S3 were compared to dexamethasone standard. To identify of TLC method, obtained Rf value of dexamethasone standard and the sample, visualizing a stain color purple-fluorescence on the UV 254 nm. The analysis of quantitative dexamethasone concentration using TLC-Densitometric showed the presence of dexamethasone in the sample for S1, S2 and S3. The concetration of dexamethasone obtained of sample S1, S2, S3 were 1014.64 µg/g ; 131.15 µg/g ; 135.54 µg/g respectively.
Kesulitan Mempelajari Yarimorai Hyougen dan Permasalahan Pengenalan Yarimorai Hyougen ke Pembelajar Indonesia
Authors: Aritonang Betty Debora , Ardi Heru Prasetyono
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini membahas kesulitan-kesulitan pembelajar dalam mempelajari Yarimorai Hyougen dan mengulas pengenalan konsep Yarimorai Hyougen khususnya -te morau dan -te kureru di buku panduan mengajar Bahasa Jepang 『みんなの日本語－教え方の手引き』 serta buku pegangan pembelajar 『みんなの日本語－翻訳・文法解説』. Penulis menyebarkan kuesioner kepada mahasiswa aktif di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia yang memiliki JLPT N3 untuk menyelidiki jenis kesalahan pembelajar. Dari hasil penyelidikan diketahui bahwa 1) Pembelajar belum bisa membedakan kapan suatu peristiwa diungkapkan menggunakan konsep Yarimorai Hyougen dan kapan tidak, 2) Pemahaman pembelajar tercampur dengan bentuk pasif, dan 3) Pembelajar kebingungan membedakan pemakaian -te morau dengan -te kureru.” Sementara, di buku panduan mengajar tidak dituliskan dengan jelas perbedaan -te morau dengan -te kureru, hasil terjemahan kalimat -te morau dengan -te kureru dalam Bahasa Indonesia tidak konsisten dan dirasa ambigu sehingga kedua hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan kebingungan kepada pembelajar. Untuk itu penelitian ini mengulas tentang kesalahan pembelajar menggunakan ungkapan ini serta kelemahan buku ajar yang sering digunakan untuk dijadikan referensi dalam pengembangan teknik pengajaran yang lebih efektif. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menemukan model pengajaran yang tepat dengan memperhatikan kesulitan-kesulitan yang telah ditemui dalam penelitian ini.
Pengaruh Metode Power Teaching terhadap Penguasaan Goi Tingkat Dasar
Authors: Wikarya Rahmi Oktayory , Putri Meira Anggia
Published: September 2021

Salah satu kesulitan yang dialami siswa selama mempelajari bahasa asing di sekolah terutama dalam mempelajari bahasa Jepang adalah kesulitan dalam menguasai kosakata. Penelitian ini berawal dari banyaknya siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari kosakata selama pembelajaran bahasa Jepang di sekolah. Oleh karena itu metode pembelajaran yang menarik sangat dibutuhkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepang di sekolah agar memudahkan siswa dalam mengingat kosakata. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Power Teaching terhadap penguasaan goi siswa dan untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa mengenai metode Power Teaching. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true experimental dengan pre-test and post-test control group desain. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 26 siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes dan angket. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah metode power teaching sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan penguasaan goi siswa dan dari hasil data angket, dapat dikatakan bahwa metode ini sangat efektif sehingga mampu membuat siswa lebih aktif dan fokus dalam mempelajari bahasa Jepang.
Socio-demographic determinants of undernutrition of preschool children attending anganwadis in rural ICDS block, North Kerala
Authors: Nithiya S
Published: September 2021

Child growth and health is recognized as an important public health indicator for monitoring nutritional status and health in a population.

1. To study the socio demographic profile of the preschool children (3-6years) attending anganwadis in Kunnamangalam. 2. To study the association between socioeconomic status and undernutrition.

A cross sectional study was done among 30 anganwadis from June 2014 to June 2015 by cluster sampling method. Data regarding socio demographic factors, prevalence of undernutrition were collected by using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Socio economic status of the study population was classified according to Modified Kuppu Swamy’s Scale. Education, Occupation and total monthly family income of the highest earning member was used for the stratification into various classes. Data analysed using SPSS version 16 software.

Out of 300 children, 204 (68%) belonged to Upper lower strata, 74 (24.7%) were lower middle, 19 (6.3%) were upper middle and 3(1%) belonged to upper class. Prevalence of underweight children was significantly higher in children among those belonging to lower socioeconomic status.

The study suggests to focus on preschool children for growth monitoring especially in low socioeconomic families, approaching them through the help of anganwadis, and educating mothers of low socioeconomic status on health on promoting program for underfives.
An autopsy study on injuries in homicidal deaths due to weapons
Authors: Slater Sajeev , Subramanyam Sunil
Published: September 2021

Homicide is defined as the intentional act of taking another person’s life.

This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital and Medical College at Pondicherry between 2004 to 2019. It included all homicide deaths with weapon autopsied in the department of Forensic Medicine. A total of 74 cases of homicide was identified and studied. The male : female ratio was 4:1. Commonest age group was 21- 30 years of age. 78% of cases had fatal injuries in more than one anatomical region and head was the most targeted region. More than one type of injuries was present in 65% of cases.

In this study male victim had mostly sharp force weapon induced injuries and female victims had blunt force weapon induced injuries. It was also found that in age groups less than 10 years and more than 60 years blunt force weapon induced injuries predominated, whereas in other young adult age groups sharp force weapon induced injuries were predominately seen.
Prevalence of undernutrition among 1-5 year children in urban Ballari- A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sajjan Saraswati V , Jambagi Chetan , Suresh C M  , Raghavendra Bellara , Goud T Gangadhara
Published: September 2021

The growth and development of child is a strong reflection of country's growth and development. Being most vulnerable segment of the society the preschoolers are at greatest risk of malnutrition for it is their growing period that demands high intake of protein and calories.

To find out the prevalence of undernutrition among 1-5 years children in Urban Ballari.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to June 2018 which included 700 children in the age group of 1-5 years residing in Ballari urban.

Of total 700 study subjects, boys constituted 49.7% and girls 50.3%. The overall prevalence of under nutrition among the study subjects based on weight for age parameter was found to be 40.6%. (Normal- 59.4%, Moderate under nutrition- 22%, Severe under nutrition - 18.6%). Prevalence of stunting and wasting was 43.2% and 23.9% respectively.

The result of the study is indicative of high prevalence of undernutrition among children in the age group of 1-5 years in Ballari City.
Prescription drug misuse during pandemic
Authors: Shankar Anand , Anand Anupama J
Published: September 2021

Prescription drug misuse is when someone takes a medication inappropriately. The prescription drug misuse is not an uncommon issue but the use of prescription drugs has significantly increased during the covid 19 pandemic. The major factors that has contributed to the increased dependence to prescription drug use during the pandemic is the increased paranoia about the virus and the drug dependency of the substance abusers. The context of the study is the increased use of prescription drugs among young adults and case reports of violence attributed by drug use. The main aim of the study is to identify the trend of prescription drug use among young adults and the factors that contribute to the misuse. The study primarily focused on young adults and recorded the responses using the questionnaire. The methodology for the proposed study was through online interaction with the participants in the form of survey through google forms. The data collection method included literature review of published articles pertaining to the topic, newspaper articles and websites. The data collection was primarily through google forms and participants response are analyzed for arriving into conclusion. Further-more data from published article, journals, data published in websites like the National Health Portal, National Institute of Health (NIH)- National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), World Health Organization (WHO). Both primary and secondary data is used for data collection. An age group between 20-30 was collected. This age group was selected due to the possibility that most utilization of prescription drugs would be contributed by these groups. Mostly randomized sampling was carried out due to the limitation of collecting data one to one considering the pandemic situations. After analyzing the results, it is inferred that there is a significant increase in use of prescription drugs during the pandemic time and the study also found a trend of alarming concern of buying prescription drug without it being prescribed by the medical practitioner which hence is a serious case of social concern.
Human teeth as a reliable age marker: A study on migrant labour population
Authors: Anand Anupama J , Shankar Anand
Published: September 2021

Age is one among the factors which is supposed to be identified in establishing identity of an unknown or deceased person. It is found to be more reliable and accurate to determine the age of a person. The determination of age can be achieved from various physical markers present in body, this includes teeth, bones, and skull. There is certain age where the long bones tend to complete their growth, the growth of skull is well marked by the time of order of their suture closures. A well-developed cranial bone depicts that it is intersected with a suture. besides the bone and skull another reliable physical marker is the human teeth, teeth is considered to be the hardest tissue in humans which is not affected by the factors such as heat, temperature, moisture etc. it is an effective identifier in cases of mass disaster where it is practically impossible to determine the identity of the person through the bones available from the crime site.

Teeth is a very important factor to determine the age in disputed cases. Since the age can be estimated even from skeletal remains, teeth are preferred for estimation in certain cases as it is considered to be one among the hardest tissues of the human body. Teeth has got a very unique feature as it cannot be destroyed by heat or any thermal factors or other environmental factors. This property of the teeth has to be effectively utilized for age estimation. The following study was conducted on migrant workers working on a peeling company, the purpose behind the study is to determine whether all the workers have 18 years of age and to ensure that no or none of them are working below the age of 18. There are certain cases reporting that some of these workers have found committing impersonating forgery claiming to be above 18 years of age. The study is specifically to find the age of workers by examining the teeth and also to find if any forgery is done or not. This study was also done to check whether labor laws has been violated or not in accordance with the Constitution of India, no child below the age fourteen years of age shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment, therefore employment of a child under the age of 14 years is punishable by law (child labor prohibition and regulation act of 2012). The need of the study arises from this very fact that the proof of age is not an authenticated document. With repeated reports of forgery regarding the proof of age, submitting ration card as proof of age. And in the wake of current scenarios to ensure that no child is exploited in any kind of ways. The study was done on migrant labor population working in a factory and the estimation is carried out using the Demirjian method along with Acharya’s India specific value and the probable age of the respondents are calculated.
Role of state and medical officials in case of sexual assault by an insane person: A case report
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Rath Biplab , Jahan Afsar , Sharma Varsha , Sahu Manas Ranjan
Published: September 2021

Violence against women has been in talks and news every now and then. Various laws are enacted world-over and in India for protection of their rights and dignity with stringent punishments of the offender. But issues arise if the offender is a mentally unsound person or a juvenile. The case is of a four-month pregnant lady who was attacked by a mentally unsound person and was brought to casualty in a low condition with unstable vitals. She had sustained multiple injuries over the body and a wooden roller stuck inside the vagina. The treating physician’s medico-legal duties and the role of state in such cases become very important. The treatment examination of victim and accused along with the legal implications make such cases worth discussing.
Introduction to NJWLS 2021-3
Authors: Buch Anders
Published: September 2021

This issue of Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies presents six new research articles from the Nordic countries. The first article of the issue is Working Environment Activities in Hospitals: Expansion of Scope and Decentralization of Responsibility by Per-Christian Borgen and Bente Vibecke Lunde. Borgen and Lunde’s study explores how legislative working environment regulations are understood and handled by actors responsible for the working environment in three hospitals in Norway (...)
Fiscal Decentralization and Gender Equality in Developing Economies: Dynamics of Income Groups in Economies and Corruption
Authors: Naeem Sidra , Khan Rana Ejaz Ali
Published: September 2021

A large number of studies on fiscal decentralization have supported the claim that decentralized governments have a greater capacity to approach local preferences and have greater potential for public service delivery, which demonstrates a favorable status of socioeconomic indicators. However, there is no empirical evidence on fiscal decentralization and gender equality. This study empirically examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on gender equality in 29 developing economies from 2006 to 2020 by employing the dynamic panel system generalized method of moments (GMM). The study uses three measures of fiscal decentralization—expenditure, revenue, and composite decentralization—to learn the dynamics of income groups in developing economies, and corruption from the perspective of fiscal decentralization and gender equality. The results demonstrate that fiscal decentralization improves gender equality in the sample of developing economies as well as in the sub-sample of developing economies, i.e., lower-middle income countries and upper-middle income countries subject to the control of corruption, otherwise fiscal decentralization may devastate gender equality in developing economies and upper-middle income economies. Corruption plays a dynamic role in the relationship between fiscal decentralization and gender equality. The desired results of fiscal decentralization may be attained through policy reforms to control corruption. The dynamics of income groups in the sampled economies also have implications for the relationship between fiscal decentralization and gender equality.
Exploring the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Obesity among University Students
Authors: Shabani Jafar , Moradi Tazehgol
Published: September 2021

Objective: Obesity is related to emotional pressures and psychological disorders. Psychiatric disorders, acute psychological stress, psychological problems, and emotional factors induce obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between scale and subscale of emotional intelligence (EI) and obesity among university students in Golestan province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. The sample size contained 358 university students. The research instrument was Bar-On and Parker Emotional Intelligence (EI) Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Moreover, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analyses were also done.
Results: There is a direct and inverse relationship between students’ total EI (-0.415) and its subscales including intrapersonal skills (-0.393), interpersonal skills (-0.313), adaptability (-0.359), stress management (-0.383), and general mood (-0.372) with overweight.
Conclusion: The results of this research may not only open a new window to assist in achieving successful nutritional diet programs, providing people but it also can pave the way for further research conducted by experts in nutrition, medicine, and psychology. The findings of this study will enhance social public awareness on the side- effects of obesity equipping the public with some counseling to lose weight through using EI for people, especially students suffering from obesity.
Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Perseverative Thinking, and Glycemic Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes- A Trial Study
Authors: Ardeshirpey Javad , Bakhshayesh Ali Reza , Dehghan Maryam , Zareei Mahmood Abadi Hassan
Published: September 2021

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with many psychological complications, which require psychological interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation, perseverative thinking, and glycemic index in patients with T2DM
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on T2DM patients visiting Yazd diabetes center in 2019, 30 men and women were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of MBCT and the control group received no interventions. In the pretest and posttest phase, data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and fasting blood sugar test. Data were analyzed in statistical package (SPSS 21) using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: Results showed a significant difference in mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation (F= 9.866 & P-value= 0.0001), perseverative thinking (F= 13.745 & P-value= 0.0001), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (F= 3.679 & P-value= 0.034) in the experimental group before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: Based on findings of the study MBCT by specialists in public and private centers can help improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perseverative thinking, and ultimately blood sugar control in patients with T2DM.
Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Course on PI3K and AKT1 Expression and Neural Muscle Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Nadi Mahdi , Banaeifar Abdolali , Arshadi Sajad
Published: September 2021

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate eight weeks of aerobic workout on PI3K and AKT expression as well as insulin resistance (IR) of muscle in diabetic rats by nicotinamide - streptozotocin.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was conducted on 14 male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks) with a weight range of 201 to 250 g and induction of type 2 diabetes (one week). These mice were classified into 2 groups: aerobic training and control group. No exercise was given to the control group during the study, while the aerobic exercise program was run for 5 weeks a week with a gradual increase of speed (10 to 25 m / min) and time (15 to 40 minutes) in running treadmill was performed for the aerobic training group. Assay of gene expression in both study groups was by rt-PCR. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19 software was used. The variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA.
Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IR in diabetic rats (3.85 (± 0.39) vs. 5.26 (± 0.55); P-value= 0.345). The expression of AKT (2.37 (± 2.33) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.042) and PI3K (2.87 (± 2.54) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.028) in the neural muscle of the training group compared with control group had a significant increase.
Conclusion: It seems that performing eight weeks of aerobic exercise could be a strong stimulus for PI3K and AKT gene expression.
Povidon-iodine applied for the treatment of chylothorax in children
Authors: Kozlov Yu. A. , Kovalkov K. A. , Poloyan S. S. , Baradieva P. Zh. , Zvonkov D. A. , Ochirov C. B. , Cheremnov V. S. , Kapuller V. M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the experience of non-surgical treatment of congenital and acquired chylothorax in children using povidone-iodine.Material and methods. The study presents results of treatment of 10 patients with chylothorax who had chemical pleurodesis with povidone-iodine. The study covered a time period from 2016 to 2020. The congenital character of the disease was registered in 2 patients, the acquired one - in 8 patients. The main indication for surgery was ineffective conservative therapy, including the withdrawal of feeding and the administration of preparation Octreotide. The procedure consisted of intrapleural injection of 4% povidone-iodine solution into the pleural cavity with the calculated dose of 1 ml/kg and solution exposure for 4 hours. Results. The interpleural administration of povidone-iodine was effective in all patients. Complications of chemical pleurodesis were observed in 2 patients and were associated with pulmonary edema on the injection side. Lymph outflow was stopped on average in 4 days. There was one adverse episode which developed because of the lung malformation incompatible with life. Conclusions. Intrapleural administration of povidone-iodine is an effective treatment of chylothorax in children.
A comparative analysis of outcomes after surgical reconstruction of stenoses in the upper respiratory tract in children
Authors: Razumovsky A. Yu. , Mitupov Z. B. , Rachkov V. E. , Stepanenko N. S. , Adler A. V. , Kulikova N. V. , Strizhova D. N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Definition " upper respiratory tract stenosis " (URTS) includes a large number of nosologies. The most common are cicatricial stenoses, in particular, post-intubation ones as well as bilateral paralysis of the larynx. An important issue for nowadays is choosing the curative modality for such patients.Purpose. To compare outcomes after treating children with URTS.Material and methods. The authors have assessed results of treatment of 110 patients who had reconstructive surgery in 2010-2019. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the nosology: stenosis of the upper respiratory tract (n = 71) and bilateral paralysis of the larynx (n-39). In each group, four types of surgeries were performed: costal cartilage plasty, plasty with T-tube (TT), a modified version of plasty with TT, plasty with a stent. The choice of treatment technique was determined mostly by the tendency to make this or that type of surgery in authors' departments, as well as by the nosology, severity of the disease and patient's age. Decannulation terms, surgical time, early and late postoperative complications as well as relapse-free period were assessed.Results. 66% patients were decannulated in Group 1; in Group 2 - 69%. Group 1 a statistically reliable comparison was possible between the following techniques: costal cartilage plasty and laryngeal stent plasty (p 0.005) as well as plasty with TT implantation and the proposed modified technique (p 0.005). While using Mann-Whitney test and Log Rank, the authors found out that in Group 1 there were no significant difference in surgical time, relapse-free period and stenosis degree (p 0.005). However, decannulation terms after plastic surgery of the larynx with costal cartilage implantation are longer than after plastic surgery with stent implantation (p 0.005). In Group 2, the authors compared three abovementioned curative modalities, excluding laryngeal plasty with TT implantation. Thus, surgical time for costal cartilage plasty is longer, if to compare to other two techniques (p 0.005). There is also no significant difference in decannulation terms and relapse-free periods between all three techniques (p 0.005).Conclusion. The results obtained have demonstrated the effectiveness of long-term stenting with TT placement in children, mainly with cicatricial stenoses, and in older children. The trial also revealed that laryngoplasty with costal cartilage in children with bilateral laryngeal paralysis is an effectiveness choice too.
Complications of surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Authors: Koroteev V. V. , Кrestiashin V. M. , Vybornov D. Yu. , Tarasov N. I. , Semenov A. V. , Gorelova P. A. , Karlova N. A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In modern literature, there are still debates on causes of the most common complications after surgeries for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents and their risk factors. Currently, there are growing potentials to reduce the length of patients’ postoperative stay in hospitals, but it arises the need for attending physicians to know better the main types of complications of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis after surgery, their risk factors so as to predict and avoid them, to develop an individual program for patient’s management in the postoperative period, especially for patients from the risk group.Material and methods. Literature search was done in databases Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, using key words, on complications of surgical correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.Results. On analyzing the obtained literature data, two large groups of postoperative complications were described in details: somatic and neurological. In addition to most common complications, some rare ones are described too which include superior mesenteric artery syndrome and distant deep infections.Conclusion. Over the past twenty years, the incidence of postoperative complications after surgical correction of scoliotic deformities has significantly decreased. When analyzing findings of various trials, it can be concluded that the overall complication rate decreased in 2004-2007 from 5.7% (2000-2003) to 4.95% and then to 0.98% (2013-2016). Despite the general decrease in the incidence of complications, the latter still remain a problem for clinicians. The basic risk factors for such complications are: concomitant renal pathology, large volume of surgical blood loss, significant increase of exposure to anesthesia and surgical intervention, application of stainless steel constructions, anterior or combined surgical access, refusal of intraoperative neuromonitoring.
Penile agenesis (afallia) in pueros
Authors: Kagantsov I. M. , Dubrov V. I. , Sizonov V. V. , Bairov V. G. , Sukhotskaya A. A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Penile agenesis (aphallia) is an extremely rare congenital defect characterized by the complete absence of the penis in a child with a male karyotype 46XY.Material. The analysis of the literature on keywords in the Pubmed and Medline databases was carried out.Results. The incidence of aphallia is estimated 1 out of 10-40 million newborn boys. Aphallia, in spite of its rarity, is a congenital defect which is thoroughly described in the medical literature. The combination of agenesis of the penis with other congenital anomalies often leads to death in such children. Currently, it is believed that these patients should be left with their genetic male sex, therefore, there is a difficult dilemma of choosing the optimal method and age for creating the neophallus and neourethra.Conclusions. The rarity of the aphallia determines the lack of publications covering the long-term results of phalloplasty in both children and adults.
REHABILITATION PROTOCOL AFTER HIP ARTHROSCOPY
Authors: Stołowski Łukasz , Mazek Jacek , Kiedrowski Bartosz , Piontek Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Introduction Pain in the hip joint area related to the femoro-acetabular impingement syndrome, local cartilage damage, or labrum tear is an increasingly common cause of orthopedic consultations. In the case of failure of conservative treatment, the treatment of choice is the arthroscopic treatment of the lesions and arthroplasty. As after any surgical procedure, an important aspect is subsequent rehabilitation, which may increase the positive effect of the treatment. Aim This article aims to present the original rehabilitation procedure after hip arthroscopy. Material and methods The presented rehabilitation program lasts about 5–9 months and consists of four stages. The first stage, lasting two weeks, mainly focuses on protecting the treated structures, reducing pain, and preventing adhesions and blood clots. Stage two, which lasts up to 4–6 weeks, is to restore the correct gait pattern and progress exercises from stage one. In the third stage, which lasts up to 12 weeks, rehabilitation focuses on regaining the full range of motion, muscle strength, and endurance similar to the non-operated leg. After a positive functional assessment, the patient progresses to the fourth stage, which prepares him to return to the entire sports activity. The decision to return to sport is based on the relevant results of the functional assessment and clinical examination. Results This work presents the original protocol of rehabilitation after arthroscopic procedures of the hip joint. Comparing the rehabilitation process, criteria for progression, and the time to return to sport, the protocol proposed by us is in line with the currently accepted rehabilitation trends in the world. Conclusions The rehabilitation protocol proposed by our team was based on the authors’ experience and the available literature. The rehabilitation process has been divided into 4 phases with precise criteria for progression. Biomechanical Functional Assessment plays an important role in the control of the entire course of rehabilitation. Keywords: hip arthroscopy, rehabilitation protocol, functional evaluation
REHABILITATION PROTOCOL AFTER ACHILLES TENDON RECONSTRUCTION WITH AN AUTOLOGOUS HAMSTRING GRAFT
Authors: Kiedrowski Bartosz , Bąkowski Paweł , Stołowski Łukasz , Kaszyński Jakub , Kerkhoffs Gino , Piontek Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Introduction One of the treatment options in chronic damage or unsuccessful suturing of the Achilles tendon is a surgical treatment consisting of its reconstruction using the tendon of semitendinosus and gracilis muscle. The multitude of types of reconstruction causes discrepancies in rehabilitation protocols. All of them aim to return to full functional fitness as the ultimate goal. Aim This study aims to present the proprietary rehabilitation protocol after Achilles tendon reconstruction using the tendon of semitendinosus and gracilis muscle. Material and methods The presented rehabilitation program lasts about 12 months and is divided into six stages. Stage I consists of standing up and anticoagulant exercises, and isometric exercise. Stage II, lasting up to 2 weeks after the procedure, consists of the patient’s independent work in the home environment. Stage III, lasting up to 4 weeks, involves learning to walk and putting weight on the limb in a cam Walker. In the third stage, after the postoperative wounds have healed, exercises in water conditions are started. Stage IV, lasting from 4 weeks after the operation, involves loading the limb with support, increasing the range of dorsiflexion motion, and progressive muscle strengthening. Stage V, which lasts up to 8–12 months after surgery, eliminates functional deficits and prepares the patient for a functional biomechanical assessment. Stage VI is the stage of work on the compensation of deficits resulting from the analysis of the results of the functional biomechanical assessment necessary to return to the full sports activity. Results The rehabilitation time, in accordance with the assumptions of the above protocol, is 8–12 months. After this time, the patient should proceed to a functional biomechanical assessment. Discussion and conclusions The rehabilitation protocol presented by our team describes in detail the stages of post-operative rehabilitation after Achilles tendon reconstruction with a hamstring graft. It provides the conditions necessary for the patient to meet before starting the next phase and returning to sport. Our requirements are consistent with the assumptions available in the scientific base. Keywords: Achilles tendon reconstruction, return to sport, rehabilitation program.
HYPOKALEMIA – INDUCED OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST – CASE STUDY
Authors: Czyżniewski Bartłomiej J. , Kolasa Iga , Gibas-Dorna Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities, such as sudden changes in serum potassium, cause or contribute to fatal cardiac consequences, including cardiac arrest. Here we present a case of a 57-year-old man with unrecognized hypokalaemia who experienced exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Successful CPR was initiated immediately; however, he remained in a coma for four days. The patient had no other comorbidities except a history of mild hypertension treated with low doses of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) combined with thiazide. On admission: sinus heart rhythm 80 bpm, potassium level 2.8 mmol/l, Glasgow Coma Scale 3, blood pressure normal. Coronary angiography did not show any coronary occlusion. Other additional tests were nonspecific. Upon awakening, he had major confusion with severe memory deficits. A week later, he was able to walk and was discharged from the hospital. Seventeen months later, the patient still struggles with severe cognitive impairment, lack of motivation, muscle weakness, and fatigue. He requires special care, including supervision and help with activities of daily living. Although the exact cause of hypokalaemia remained unrecognized, several probable mechanisms were taken into consideration.
A figura humana fragmentada na pintura contemporânea brasileira
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ribeiro Regilene Aparecida Sarzi
Published: September 2021

Uma análise crítica e comparativa de pinturas contemporâneas cujo tema é a Figura Humana representada por partes do corpo humano – pernas, braços, torsos e outras – compreendidas como Fragmento e Pormenor é o assunto desta pesquisa. O aporte teórico baseia-se nos conceitos de Fragmento e Pormenor do teórico italiano Omar Calabrese (1988). O recorte temporal compreende algumas produções pictóricas do Neoclassicismo e Realismo – séc. XIX – até o Cubismo e a Pop Arte – séc. XX. São analisados seus aspectos estéticos, contextualizando-as historicamente, a fim de relacioná-las com a teoria de Calabrese, discutir sua importância no cenário artístico nacional contemporâneo e sua posição na História da Arte e da Pintura.
Analysis of soft tissue facial profiles of Chinese students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 high schools in Medan using linear and angular measurements
Authors: Lubis Hilda Fitria , Olivia Maureen
Published: September 2021

Background: Soft tissue analysis is essential in treatment planning to ensure proportional, balanced, and harmonious soft tissue at the end of treatment. Several factors influence the variations, such as age and gender. Soft tissue profile analysis is usually studied from a lateral view. Purpose: The study aimed to determine whether there were differences in the average values of linear and angular measurement of the soft tissue profiles of the middle and lower third of the face between Chinese males and females high school students using lateral photometry. Methods: The samples were 100 lateral photographs (50 male and 50 female) of Chinese high school students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 in Medan. All samples were collected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained from secondary data. The linear and angular measurements were measured using Software Corel Draw 2019 and analysed statistically using an independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, and prominence of the upper lip were, on average, greater in males, whereas in the prominence of pogonion, nasolabial angles, and nasofrontal angles were greater, on average, for females. Conclusion: There were significant gender differences in Chinese high school students in the inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, prominence of the upper lip, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle, whereas there is no significant difference between genders in the prominence of the pogonion.
Malocclusion with posterior unilateral crossbite affects superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscle activity during mastication
Authors: Siregar Yona Pricilia Anggi , Christnawati C. , Soetantyo Darmawan
Published: September 2021

Background: Mastication patterns due to malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite may permanently change. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite of the superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles on the crossbite and non-crossbite sides during mastication. Methods: Thirty subjects (8 males and 22 females) between the ages of 17 and 30 years who were students of the 2017–2019 Dentistry and Dental Hygiene Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, UGM and who had at least two posterior teeth with unilateral posterior crossbite were divided into 10 subjects with Angle’s class I, 10 subjects with class II and 10 subjects with class III malocclusions. The amplitude of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles was performed during mastication using surface electromyography (sEMG). The mean difference between the groups of malocclusion on the crossbite and non-crossbite sides of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior was analysed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results indicated a difference in amplitude mean between the malocclusion types on the crossbite sides and non-crossbite sides of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles (p<0.05). This study confirmed there was a decrease in superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscle activity on the crossbite side rather than in the non-crossbite side in Angle’s class I and class II. However, there was an increase in activity of the superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles on the crossbite side for class III. Conclusion: Malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite affects masticatory activity of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles on the crossbite side.
IMPLEMENTASI SUPERVISI KLINIS KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SD NEGERI COA KAIMANA PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Fadli Ridwan , Mataputun Yulius , Budiarti Indah Slamet
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze the planning, implementation, and feedback stages of clinical supervision of principals in learning at SD Negeri Coa Kaimana. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative analysis approach. The subject of the research were the principal, teachers, and school staff, about 16 people. This study indicated that the principal of SD Negeri Coa Kaimana had implemented a clinical supervision program in learning with three stages. Before implementing the clinical supervision program, the principal by involving the vice principal, the curriculum section, senior teachers and classroom teachers to plan what they wanted to be supervised according to the needs and needs of the teacher, such as compiling a schedule of supervision, goals, objectives, steps, and time. The principal supervised the implementation of clinical supervision such as coming to the classroom to see classroom learning activities, preparing learning equipment such as lesson plans, syllabus, Prota, Prosem, assessment, teaching aids, handbooks, and learning media. Based on research, it was known that the principal's clinical supervision research in learning was clinical supervision feedback such as calling the supervised teacher to be fostered and followed up. However, some were a little difficult to foster. The teachers also increasingly understood their duties as educators.Keywords: Clinical Supervision; Learning; PrincipalPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan umpan balik supervisi klinis kepala sekolah dalam pembelajaran di SD Negeri Coa Kaimana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif. Subjek penelitian supervisi ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan tenaga kependidikan sebanyak 16 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepala SD Negeri Coa Kaimana telah melaksanakan program supervisi klinis dalam pembelajaran dengan tiga tahapan. Sebelum melaksanakan program supervisi klinis, kepala sekolah dengan melibatkan wakil kepala sekolah, bagian kurikulum, guru senior, dan guru kelas untuk merencanakan parameter yang hendak disupervisi berdasarkan kebutuhan guru seperti menyusun jadwal dan tujuan supervisi. Kepala sekolah melakukan supervisi pelaksanaan supervisi klinis, seperti visitasi ruang kelas untuk melihat kegiatan pembelajaran, aktualisasi RPP, silabus, Prota, Prosem, penilaian, alat alat peraga, buku pegangan, dan media pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa supervis klinis kepala sekolah dalam pembelajaran adalah umpan balik supervisi klinis seperti memanggil guru yang disupervisi untuk dibina dan ditindaklanjuti. Kendati demikian, ada sebagian guru yang sedikit sulit untuk dibina. Mereka juga perlahan memahami tugas sebagai pendidik.Kata Kunci: Supervisi Klinis; Pembelajaran; Kepala Sekolah
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN MOTIVASI MELALUI PEMBERIAN PEKERJAAN RUMAH UNTUK PENCAPAIAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA
Authors: Nuryadin Muhamad -
Published: September 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya motivasi belajar fisika siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Masohi. Berdasarkan pengamatan guru, siswa menganggap fisika adalah bukan mata pelajaran utama yang harus diikuti, seperti halnya pelajaran kejuruan lainnya, sehingga pencapaian hasil belajar fisika siswa rendah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan, untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan motivasi belajar dengan pemberian Pekerjaan Rumah untuk meningkatkan “pencapaian” hasil belajar fisika siswa. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 17 siswa, Kelas X Kompetensi Keahlian Nautika Kapal Penangkap Ikan Semester 2, Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019, sebanyak 14 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah pengamatan, angket, dan tes. Lama penelitian enam bulan, Juli – Desember 2019, terbagi atas dua siklus. Setiap siklus mengikuti langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: identifikasi, perencanaan,  pelaksanaan, observasi, interpretasi, dan refleksi. Data dianalisis dengan teknik tabulasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan peubah yang diteliti, yaitu: (1) aktivitas belajar fisika siswa pada Siklus I berada pada kategori cukup, meningkat menjadi kategori sangat baik pada Siklus II, (2) motivasi belajar fisika siswa pada Siklus I berada pada kategori cukup, meningkat menjadi kategori baik pada siklus II, dan (3) pencapaian hasil belajar fisika siswa pada Siklus I hanya 65 persen, meningkat menjadi 100 persen pada Siklus II.
Libraries of Tajikistan: current state and development prospects
Authors: Makhmudov G. B.
Published: September 2021

In the article, the author reveals the systems of libraries in the Republic: the number of libraries, the total amount of library collections in traditional and electronic media. Training and professional retraining of personnel, perfecting the librarians social image, scientific-research and scientific methodical work effectiveness’ growing are of great importance.

The dominant role of the National Library of Tajikistan as a center for scientific research of the dynamics and prospects for the development of library and information technologies, advanced training and retraining of library workers in the Republic is observed.

The article touches upon priority trends of the National Library development, gives characteristics of some long-term projects, such as “Creation of an electronic collection of book monuments of Tajik-Persian literature”, “Creation of an electronic collection of book monuments on the culture and art of the Tajik people”, aimed at forming the national segment of the electronic collection of book monuments of the Tajik people. Another important direction of its work on preserving and popularizing the historical and cultural heritage is the creation of historical and local history resources for the state public libraries of the Republic.
To the 210th anniversary of the Library of the General Staff of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (St. Petersburg)
Authors: Artemyeva E. B.
Published: September 2021

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Provoking Mobile Payment Actual Usage Behaviour in Middle East
Authors: JosephNg P.S. , Eaw H.C. , Musallam A.R.M
Published: September 2021

Financial Payment has evolved into mobile payment for easy access and convenience. Despite the benefits of mobile payment, the adoption rate is unsatisfactory worldwide. Therefore, understanding the customer's adoption intention factors is essential for both researchers and practitioners. This study examines mobile payment intention and actual use by adapting the integrated framework, which combines the Mobile Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour with additional new constructs found to be related. The new model consists of 12 variables moderated by the individual's experience and is examined via a structured PLS equation mixed-mode methodology. Knowing mobile payment influence will shape the industry strategic decision and socially contribute to transforming society into a cashless society. This paper provides an opportunity to prove the relationship between technology variables and human behaviour concerning mobile payment adoption. In contrast, this study novelty adopted an integrated model that combines MTAM with the TPB.