bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gettysburg Inc.: The use and abuse of an historical icon
Authors: Gruner Oliver , McCabe Dan
Published: February 2019

A combination of image, text, historical reflection and political commentary, this graphic research article explores the use and abuse of Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address within the US public sphere. In 155 years since Lincoln gave this speech, his words have been subsumed into all manner of heated debates on issues such as race, class, international relations and the Civil War’s legacy. Indeed, as Barry Schwartz argues, the Address’s figurative power lies not in a single interpretation, but in the way in which successive generations reinterpret it ‘in light of new situations and challenges’. From Woodrow Wilson to Franklin Roosevelt, Richard Nixon to Donald Trump, it has continually served as a rhetorical battleground upon which arbiters of various political persuasions wage war over the meaning of American democracy – past, present and future. When soon-to-be President Trump delivered his ‘Contract with the American Voter’ at Gettysburg in October 2016, he was but the latest in a long line of politicians to put the Address’s symbolic power in the service of his own ideological ends. ‘Every salesman needs a pitch’ writes the historian Jared Peatman. ‘And over time, increasing numbers of Americans came to see the Gettysburg Address as the most effective way to sell the ideals of this country, both internally and externally’. A collaboration between a graphic designer and visual culture historian, Gettysburg Inc. is a satirical rendering of the Gettysburg Address for the contemporary era. Taking the form of a sleek corporate brochure, this article explores the disconnect between words and deeds, truth and fiction, democratic ideals and the political process. Visually, we draw on the ‘hand of Lincoln’ motif, central to the president’s visual mediation in historical paintings, sketches, political campaign posters, advertisements and sculptures. Appropriating and reframing words, images and events from the recent past, we engage with ideas on the politics of collective memory, and the symbiotic relationship between memory and ‘forgetting’. A piece of critical design, Gettysburg Inc. is a reflection on the unstable nature of collective memory, and an exploration of the ways in which graphic design can engage with, and offer new perspectives on, history and politics.
CALIBRATION OF BTT MEASUREMENT WITH RESPECT TO SENSOR POSITION OVER SHROUDED LSB
Authors: Dadáková Tereza , Kubín Zdeněk
Published: February 2019

In order to increase efficiency and reliability of steam turbines, last stage blades are equipped with mid-span tie-boss and shroud. We can use Blade Tip-Timing method (BTT) to measure vibration of shrouded blades, but the measured level of vibration is dependent on position of sensor over blade shroud. Hence, the results of BTT measurement have to be compared with other measurement techniques, like strain gauges, and with FEM analysis, to interpret these results right. This article provides findings we made on measurement of shrouded blades in test rig with eddy-current sensors, optical sensors and strain gauges at different positions of sensors over blade shroud. Measurement is also compared to FEM analysis.
THE EFFECT OF NOTCHES ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF A NICKEL-BASE GAS TURBINE DISK MATERIAL
Authors: Eriksson Robert , Moverare Johan , Chen Zhe , Simonsson Kjell
Published: February 2019

Gas turbine disks carry significant load under high temperatures and may be subject to fatigue failure. Disks contain several notches in the form of the fir tree blade attachments. Low cycle fatigue tests were performed on blunt notch compact tension specimens made from alloy 718. The results indicated that notch support needed to be incorporated not to cause an overly conservative life prediction. The notch support diminished as the plastic strain range decreased, indicating that notch support is only present in the low cycle fatigue regime. A critical distance approach was applied to account for the notch support. An equation relating the critical distance to the notch root stress was derived. The chosen life model was formulated in terms of a variation on the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) parameter. The modified SWT parameter taken at the critical distance was used in a life model calibrated for smooth specimens to successfully predict the fatigue life of notched specimens.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON FLOW IN THE LAST STAGE OF 1090MW STEAM TURBINE
Authors: Hoznedl Michal , Sedlák Kamil
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with experimental and numerical research in the last stage of real 1090MW steam turbine with the last steel blade length 1220mm placed in nuclear power station. The last stage was equipped with twelve static pressure taps. It was also possible to probe in two planes - before and behind the last stage using pneumatic or optical probes. A number of last stage flow parameters were determined at the root and tip wall for nominal turbine output. Among those parameters are static pressures, Mach and Reynolds numbers, last stage reactions and steam wetness. All the directly measured and evaluated flow parameters are taken from locally measured points and that is why even 3D CFD calculation of the whole system - last stage, diffuser and exhaust hood was implemented. Measured and calculated parameters are compared. Especially static pressures are in very good agreement; the only steam wetness has bigger difference due to different measurement position. Locally measured values are enough to estimate the flow behavior of the last stage. On the other hand, the CFD simulations with well determined boundary conditions, meshes and geometry and is effective tool to simulate even very complicated flow structures in the last stage and exhaust hood.
CFD FLOW ANALYSIS OF THE CANTILEVER MICRO-TURBINE
Authors: Syka Tomáš , Weiß Andreas P.
Published: February 2019

The article deals with a description of results from research and development of the cantilever micro-turbine designed for the ORC power plants. The experimental turbine stage and used numerical models are briefly described. In the first part the comparison of measured and CFD results is presented. The second part deals with an investigation of the outlet geometry influence on the turbine working parameters. The results are relevant for next studies in the research and development process.
Puritanism, Islam, and Race in Cotton Mather’sThe Glory of Goodness: An Exercise in Exceptionalism
Authors: Fowler Randall
Published: February 2019

In March 1703, hundreds of New England sailors returned home after years of slavery in the Barbary States. In response, Cotton Mather authored and circulated a sermon titled The Glory of Goodness. This text, ostensibly given in celebration of the captives’ return, gave voice to an exceptionalist understanding of Puritan identity premised on foreign—notably Muslim—others. It therefore informs our understanding of early eighteenth-century colonial depictions of Islam, while bearing insight for discourses surrounding Puritan exceptionalism, the rhetorical construction of race, and the articulation of religious identity in New England following the Glorious Revolution.
Gridlock and Rhetorics of Distrust
Authors: Rountree John
Published: February 2019

Gridlock plagues modern policy deliberations in Congress. By analyzing the 2013 Senate debate over the “Gang of Eight” immigration bill, this essay shows how distrust operates as a rhetorical stance that forecloses compromise and justifies corrosive legislative stalemates. Despite agreeing on most policy specifics, congressional leaders on both sides of the aisle constructed subversive, untrustworthy policy actors to legitimate their refusal to compromise on a final bill. Republicans denounced the Obama administration as flouters of immigration laws and uninterested in border security, while Democrats detailed a Republican “ploy” to cheat millions of undocumented immigrants out of a pathway to citizenship. These rhetorics of distrust created irreconcilable visions for how to implement immigration reform. The essay concludes by proposing that more dialogic forums among representatives and a politically realist outlook could help ameliorate rhetorics of distrust.
Technologies of the State: Transvaginal Ultrasounds and the Abortion Debate
Authors: Friz Amanda M.
Published: February 2019

This essay examines the transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) debate that was ignited in the spring of 2012 by a Virginia law mandating the procedure as a prerequisite for first-trimester abortions. This debate represents a recent intensification of historical arguments grounded in how the abortion debate intersects with medical practice. By following the debate as it unfolded on pro-choice and pro-life blogs, this analysis uncovers three overarching topoi in the discourse mirrored on both sides: the medical necessity (or lack thereof) of the procedure; the importance of informed consent; and comparisons to rape. Using Foucault’s concept of the medical gaze, this essay argues that across all three topoi, both pro-choice and pro-life activists’ rhetoric relied heavily upon implicit assumptions of the superiority and necessity of medical science. The TVU debate demonstrates an argumentation strategy that both strips the issue of its political, legal, moral, and personal contexts and rhetorically positions pro-choice groups disadvantageously by obfuscating any discussion of women’s rights.
Mining Heritage and Mining Tourism
Authors: Jelen Jakub
Published: February 2019

The mining industry leaves behind a large number of tangible or intangible remains. A part of them can be used by different actors as a mining heritage. Specific cultural or social values and meanings, which remind of the importance of mining in the past and today, are represented through this mining heritage. To preserve them, the heritage must be passed to future generations. One of the ways is mining tourism. However, the relation between the mining heritage and tourism is not simple as the complex mining heritage has many specific features that differ from the traditional tourist attractions and conceal many pitfalls. The aspects of authenticity or approaches to heritage interpretation are also important.
Understanding cannabinoid receptors: structure and function
Authors: Andrzejewska Angelika , Staszak Klaudia , Kaczmarek-Ryś Marta , Słomski Ryszard , Hryhorowicz Szymon
Published: February 2019

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of the endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. The whole EC system plays an important role in the proper functioning of the central and autonomic nervous system. ECS is involved in the regulation of the body energy and in the functioning of the endocrine system. It can affect on the regulation of emotional states, motoric movement, operations of the endocrine, immune and digestive system. Many of the effects of cannabinoids are mediated by G coupled –protein receptors: CB1, CB2 and GPR55 but also of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) which not only induce the sensation of pain but also support inflammation via secretion of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides. In this review work we briefly summarize the role and action of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1).
Method for analysis of ClO2 and Cl2 air emissions from pulp mill
Authors: Häggström Kimona , Gunnarsson Magnus , Bremert-Jirholm Katarina , Simic Nina
Published: February 2019

Chlorine dioxide is commonly used as a bleaching agent in kraft pulp mills. Scrubbers are required to remove any remaining ClO2 from the plant tail gases. To control the air emissions of chlorine compounds, chlorine dioxide and chlorine contents must be monitored to ensure that the strict regulatory standards are met. However, the currently used analytical method is not suitable for detection of low concentrations of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. A new method for measuring chlorine dioxide and chlorine emissions was developed, which ensures compliance with the stringent requirements imposed by the authorities. The two species could be measured separately with a limit of quantification of 3 ppm. The method was robust and easy to use in the pulp mill environment and it was validated both in the laboratory and the field. The specificity of the method was demonstrated, Cl2 analysis was not sensitive to the presence of ClO2 and vice versa. The uncertainty (±2×RSD) of the analytical method in the field was estimated from duplicate measurements performed in the range of 3–500 ppm for ClO2 and 3–300 ppm for Cl2, and was found to be ±20 % and ±10 %, respectively. Possible interferences in the analytical method are also discussed.
Computational study of acylphloroglucinols: an investigation with many branches
Authors: Mammino Liliana
Published: February 2019

Acylphloroglucinols (ACPLs) are a broad class of compounds structurally derived from phloroglucinol and characterised by the presence of a CRO group. They are interesting for their biological activities and their potentialities as lead compounds in drug development. The current review considers a series of works which, altogether, sum up to a systematic computational study of ACPLs in vacuo and in three solvents – chloroform, acetonitrile and water. An initial set of studies, focusing on ACPLs as a class and utilising an adequately representative selection of molecules, identified patterns in the conformational preferences and molecular properties of ACPLs, which appear valid for the whole class or for specific subclasses such as monomeric ACPLs, dimeric ACPLs, ACPLs with substituents containing C=C double bonds, etc. The validity of the identified patterns was further verified through the study of additional and significantly different ACPL molecules, as well as other molecular structures containing ACPL units. Furthermore, the computational study of ACPLs proved interesting for the insights into the factors stabilising their conformers, first of all intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which plays dominant roles in determining conformational preferences and energetics. The current review outlines the objectives, approaches and main results of these studies. The obtained information may be relevant for further studies aimed at a better understanding of the molecular bases of the biological activities of ACPLs.
An Approach to Diagnosing a Company’s Accident Prevention Status Using Budgets and Dynamic Programming Optimisation
Authors: Jijoho-Ogun Kasope , Oke Sunday Ayoola
Published: February 2019

Researchers have shown growing interest to accident prevention. Their outcomes have revealed that apart from the physical control efforts, management commitment to funds provision may as well stimulate enhanced safety prevention. While this call has been made in literature to consider the financial matters in safety, the key question about how this concern affects the machining industry remains unanswered. Despite having recognised hazards in a machine tool workshop, requires some financial resources for actions. In order to eliminate mishaps associated with lack of, or poor funds provision or delay to offer financial support to the shop floor when needed, proper analysis for the procedure of safety budget and implementation must be carried out. Drawing on the operations research literature, the dynamic programming technique is shown to optimally assign the right budget to each possible accident case that could occur in the company for prevention purposes. This research offers a path to optimal safety budget on the platform of budgets interaction with accident rate reduction. The optimization is carried out in line with minimum hazard flourishing policy and as well considering the positioning of the machines one to another and the functions of initiation, propagation and termination for the hazards. First, hazards are scouted for and classified using a suitable scale. Dynamic programming is then used to optimally distribute the budget of the company on accident prevention according to the scale that each hazard is classified. The validation of the approach was tested with data obtained from machine tools workshop located in Lagos, Nigeria. The work serves a useful purpose for safety engineers that pursue the efficient planning for operations.
Data Transmission at 14.4kb/s OVER 32kb/s ADPCM Channel
Authors: AL-Rawi Muhanned
Published: February 2019

This paper presents new modified QAM modem that operates at data rate of 14.4kb/s to be transmitted over 32kb/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). The purpose of this modified QAM modem is to reduce the nonlinear distortion introduced by ADPCM. The performance of ADPCM is studied considering the standard QAM modem and modified QAM modem with different constellations. The simulation results show that the performance of ADPCM with modified QAM modem is better than its performance with standard QAM modem. Also, the performance with circular constellation is better than rectangular one.
Voice Control of Multiple Devices Based on Speech
Authors: Farhan Mhnd
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a system that employs the use of speech technology to control electronic devices attached to PC. The work in this paper is implemented in two major phases. Phase one is the software part of the system. Its role is to accept voice signal from a microphone attached to the PC and perform speech recognition on the signal, determine operating commands from the recognized phrases and control devices attached to the computer ports. Phase two is hardware logic circuit connected between the PC’s printer port and the devices being controlled. This logic circuit which is implemented using simple logic gates performs addressing and control mode for the electronic devices being controlled. The system runs on windows vista operating system and it is capable of authenticating users and validating their action. User response for the system is provided in both voice response and graphic display messages.
Leafroller-induced phenylacetonitrile and acetic acid attract adult Lobesia botrana in European vineyards
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf M. , Sporle Andrew , Gemeno César , Jósvai Júlia K. , Simmons Gregory S. , Suckling David M.
Published: February 2019

We recently identified unique caterpillar-induced plant volatile compounds emitted from apple leaves infested with the larvae of various leafroller species. In subsequent field tests, binary blends of phenylacetonitrile+acetic acid and 2-phenylethanol+acetic acid were found to be attractive to a range of tortricid leafroller species (Tortricidae: Tortricinae) in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. In this work, the caterpillar-induced plant volatiles from the apple-leafroller system were tested in two vineyards in Spain and Hungary for their attractiveness to the grape frugivore Lobesia botrana (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). As seen for Tortricinae species, a binary blend of phenylacetonitrile+acetic acid attracted significantly more male and female L. botrana to traps than acetic acid or blank lures. Traps baited with other caterpillar-induced plant volatile compounds (benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, indole, and (E)-nerolidol, each as a binary blend with acetic acid) did not catch significantly more moths than traps containing acetic acid alone. The catches of male and female moths support an optimistic future for new products in female tortricid surveillance and control that are based on combinations of kairomone compounds released from larval-damaged foliage.
Metadesign e Sustentabilidade em Redes: Complexidade e construção de sentido
Authors: Mendonça Bárbara Rangel de Carvalho Braga de , Santos Neves Dimitri Bassani , Santos Neves Dimitri Bassani
Published: February 2019

Desde que a sustentabilidade passou a compor pautas de discussões internacionais, tornou-se necessário reavaliar os fundamentos e o papel do design. Este artigo discute o metadesign como caminho para a sustentabilidade, promovendo a descentralização do especialista em design rumo à inclusão de diversos atores em comunidades criativas. Propõe ainda o modelo de organização em rede distribuída como viés, potencializado pelos meios digitais de estruturação social. Aborda portanto as redes por duas óticas distintas, mas associáveis: enquanto fenômeno social de articulação de atores acerca de um objetivo comum; e como tecnologia de informação e comunicação - a Internet. E problematiza-se: A dificuldade de conciliar o metadesign e sustentabilidade na rede poderia auxiliar a participação em rede para inovação social? São abordados os principais conceitos referente ao assunto com um exemplo ilustrativo, para validar a discussão na ótica do design metaprojetual e design estratégico.
Um estudo sobre a relação entre imaginário, comunicação e design
Authors: De Faria Mônica Lima , SILVEIRA GABRIELA RODRIGUES
Published: February 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estreitar a relação entre o imaginário e o design, a fim de compreender como o imaginário pode otimizar o trabalho do designer. Além disso, será discutido o papel de profissionais da área da comunicação na formação das concepções comuns de um grupo, por meio da criação de imagens, num momento no qual – graças à integração feita por meio da Internet – o acesso a informação se tornou muito mais fácil. Essa otimização será feita se aproveitando do imaginário coletivo do público-alvo – vivências, preferências estéticas e temáticas - a fim de conquistar sua afeição por meio da identificação, partindo das concepções de alguns estudiosos da área como Flusser, Maffesoli, Durand e Morrin.
Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society
Authors: Lips Paul , Cashman Kevin D , Lamberg-Allardt Christel , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike Annette , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Bianchi Maria Luisa , Stepan Jan , El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada , Bouillon Roger
Published: February 2019

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30–60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L or 12 ng/mL) is found in >10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.
Integration of Self and Non-self Recognition Modulates Asexual Cell-to-Cell Communication in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Fischer Monika S , Jonkers Wilfried , Glass N Louise
Published: February 2019

Cells cooperate, compete, and are attacked in nature, driving the evolution of mechanisms for recognizing self versus non-self. Filamentous fungal cells cooperate to form an interconnected colony while competing with genetically dissimilar colonies...

Cells rarely exist alone, which drives the evolution of diverse mechanisms for identifying and responding appropriately to the presence of other nearby cells. Filamentous fungi depend on somatic cell-to-cell communication and fusion for the development and maintenance of a multicellular, interconnected colony that is characteristic of this group of organisms. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a model for investigating the mechanisms of somatic cell-to-cell communication and fusion. N. crassa cells chemotropically grow toward genetically similar cells, which ultimately make physical contact and undergo cell fusion. Here, we describe the development of a Pprm1-luciferase reporter system that differentiates whether genes function upstream or downstream of a conserved MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling complex, by using a set of mutants required for communication and cell fusion. The vast majority of these mutants are deficient for self-fusion and for fusion when paired with wild-type cells. However, the Δham-11 mutant is unique in that it fails to undergo self-fusion, but chemotropic interactions and cell fusion are restored in Δham-11 + wild-type interactions. In genetically dissimilar cells, chemotropic interactions are regulated by genetic differences at doc-1 and doc-2, which regulate prefusion non-self recognition; cells with dissimilar doc-1 and doc-2 alleles show greatly reduced cell-fusion frequencies. Here, we show that HAM-11 functions in parallel with the DOC-1 and DOC-2 proteins to regulate the activity of the MAPK signaling complex. Together, our data support a model of integrated self and non-self recognition processes that modulate somatic cell-to-cell communication in N. crassa.
Assessing the Outcomes of Community-University Engagement Networks in a Canadian Context
Authors: Tremblay Crystal , Spilker Robyn , Nagel Rhianna , Robinson Jennifer Claire , Brown Leslie
Published: February 2019

Inter-organizational networks are proliferating as a tool for community-university engagement (CUE). Focusing on three Canadian inter-organizational networks that bring communities and universities together, Community Based Research Canada (CBRC), the Pacific Housing Research Network (PHRN) and the Indigenous Child Well-being Research Network, this paper identifies key criteria for assessing these networks’ outcomes and highlights factors that contribute to these networks’ challenges and successes. This work is part of a growing body of scholarship seeking to better understand the role and contribution of networks in society and more specifically how the outcomes of these engagements might benefit and enhance collaborative research partnerships between civil society and higher education institutions. The results illuminate lessons learned from each of these three networks and their members. These findings inform broader research into community-university engagement networks and illustrate how these types of engagements can help build a stronger knowledge democracy in Canada and elsewhere.
Engaged Scholarship in Action: The Journey of the School Board – University Research Exchange (SURE) Network
Authors: Martinovic Dragana , Ratkovi? Snežana , Spencer Terry , Grierson Arlene , Cantalini-Williams Maria , Landon Sally
Published: February 2019

In this paper we use a chronological case-study narrative format to detail the creation and progression of a School Board-University Research Exchange (SURE) network in Ontario, Canada. This network is led by a group of university- and school board-based professionals, who are committed to deepening connections between educational research, practice, and policy. Our narrative presents the SURE network’s evolution using the metaphors of being “in the woods,” looking for “our compass,” and finding “new pathways” of engaged scholarship. We present the challenges and successes we experienced while crossing the borders of our individual and institutional cultural settings, emphasising the importance of continuing discussions and collaborations within and amongst our communities.
Doing Indigenous Community-University Research Partnerships: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Absolon Kathleen , Dion Susan
Published: February 2019

With the intention of generating critical discussion, in this paper the authors examine the complexities of doing decolonizing research within colonial institutions. Drawing on their experiences as co-investigators on a large scale partnership grant involving Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners doing community-based research in Indigenous communities, they tell a cautionary tale about confronting and working through the challenges. Specifically addressing communication, decision-making, internalized colonialism and research relationships, the authors conclude that while these kinds of partnership grants involve struggle, in the end the effort is necessary.
Community Service-Learning in Canada: Emerging Conversations
Authors: Styvendale Nancy Van , McDonald Jessica , Buhler Sarah
Published: February 2019

This special issue invites engaged learning practitioners and scholars, both established and emerging, to take stock of the history of CSL, assess current practices, and consider how to move forward in the future. Is CSL the biggest thing to hit Canadian campuses since the late 1990s? With approximately fifty CSL programs or units across the country (Dorow et al., 2013), annual gatherings of scholars and practitioners, and a network of individuals who remain devoted to CSL despite challenges in funding and logistics, CSL in Canada has certainly made its mark, embedded in the context of a larger movement of engaged scholarship on campuses across the country—a movement exemplified in this very Engaged Scholar Journal, the first of its kind in Canada to focus on publishing community-engaged work.
A Study of Limits, Ignorance, and Reading Practices: Community Service-Learning as an Exercise in the Vision of Queer Pedagogy
Authors: Sifeldeen Jordan
Published: February 2019

Theories and practices of community service-learning (CSL) have implicated it in a broad project of confronting the unthinkability of privilege and difference, the culturally situated, political nature of knowledge, and the dialogical, transformative potential of reading. I argue that this understanding of CSL largely aligns in vision, directives, and prospects with an exercise in queer pedagogy. With its critical inquiry into pedagogical practice informed by queer theory, Deborah Britzman’s triangulated queer pedagogy not only shares productive theoretical ground with CSL, but can also be seen to inform, enhance, and develop the academic role of service-learning as a methodology of teaching and learning. Through its development in academic institutions in Canada, CSL should look to queer theory’s established lexicon in order to take up precise, thickly descriptive, exoteric language which reflects the two fields’ productive commonalities. Furthermore, where CSL literature often identifies as volunteerism, internship, and experiential learning, queer pedagogy ascribes deep transformative potential to its approach—a perspective and a potential often undervalued by practitioners of CSL. Finally, a bringing together of community service-learning and queer pedagogy illustrates the need in service-learning literature for an approach to systematic archiving which more closely adheres to the field’s emphasis on the creation of deeply reflective and creative academic work.
Teaching Activism: Reflections on Developing “Leaders of Tomorrow” through Activist Approaches to Community Service-Learning
Authors: Wuetherick Brad
Published: February 2019

“Educating leaders of tomorrow” is a common refrain for many in higher education around the world, but what does it mean to educate leaders of tomorrow? What would a curriculum designed to educate leaders look like across disciplines? This article explores leadership, conceptualized as the capacities (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) required for students to act as positive change agents in society, as an attribute we aim to develop in all students. It also calls on educators to consider how community service-learning grounded in activist pedagogies might provide exceptional opportunities to develop students’ capacities to be leaders across the disciplines.
Production of the Global Health Doctor: Discourses on International Medical Electives
Authors: Hanson Lori , Cheng Jethro
Published: February 2019

This article attempts to interrupt dominant narratives in the literature about international service-learning (ISL) in the field of medicine by critically deconstructing discourse related to a common model used to teach global health in undergraduate medical education: the international medical elective (IME). Based on a study conducted in 2012, the results have not been previously published. Using a Foucauldian discourse analysis, the study interrogated the underlying assumptions behind the nature of “service” being rendered by conveying the imagery, language, and consequences of the dominant discourses used in journal articles indexed on MEDLINE between 2000 and 2011. The analysis revealed an IMEs literature steeped in problematic discursive (re)productions of colonial constructs and imagined geographies, primarily through two dominant discourses designated as “disease and brokenness” and “romanticizing poverty.” These discourses both justify and reinforce privileged subject positions for students engaged in these ISL experiences, while inadequately considering structures and systems that perpetuate marginalization and health inequities. Such discourses often marginalize or essentialize people of so-called “host” countries, while silencing subaltern perspectives, resistance struggles, knowledges, and epistemologies. Challenging current ISL practices in medicine requires educators to actively work towards decolonialization, in part by recognizing the ability of discourses to produce meaning and subjects.
The Nature of the Space: Walls to Bridges as Transformative Learning
Authors: Sferrazza Anna
Published: February 2019

Community-based learning initiatives have the potential to have a meaningful impact on participants. When integrated into an academic setting, such experiential learning opportunities can initiate transformative learning within students and the broader community. Through a self-reflexive approach, this essay describes one such first-hand experience from a Walls to Bridges class, offered through Wilfrid Laurier University and facilitated in a Canadian Federal Prison. The learning model utilized within this class has the capacity to deeply engage students in ways where traditional classroom methodology falls short. Institutionalized education can learn a great deal from this model, which values diversity and community building, and which centralizes voices that are often absent or marginalized in academic settings. This essay examines the nature of a Walls to Bridges class as it compares to traditional educational experiences. The essay explores current, dominant educational paradigms that are influenced by capitalistic values and can perpetuate power imbalances and systemic barriers, while also highlighting alternatives to traditional education models. Teaching methodologies, such as collaborative rather than competitive learning, circle pedagogy, the creation of a safe classroom space, power redistribution, and creative means of critical classroom discussions, are celebrated as opportunities for deep learning.
Wahkohtowin as Paideia
Authors: LeBlanc Dan
Published: February 2019

The Wahkohtowin class was held in Saskatoon throughout early 2014. Wahkohtowin brought together prisoners, students, and professors, in order to critically examine Canada’s “justice” system. For the author, participation in this class led to deep learning, or what ancient Greeks called Paideia. This article explores why Wahkohtowin led to deep learning. It concludes that the deep learning was attributable to four factors: the leaders created space for suffering to speak; course participants were racially, culturally, and educationally diverse; the pedagogy was relationally Socratic; and participant reflections were aimed at action, in addition to understanding. Throughout the article, Wahkohtowin is compared with the author’s experience of law school in order to highlight why law school courses rarely result in Paideia.
Challenges and Opportunities of Community Service-Learning Perspectives from Community Partners Phaedra Hitchings, Chantelle Johnson, and Stan Tu’Inukuafe
Authors: Hitchings Phaedra , Johnson Chantelle , Tu’Inukuafe Stan
Published: February 2019

Sarah Buhler and Nancy Van Styvendale, two of the co-editors of this special issue, talk to Phaedra Hitchings, Chantelle Johnson, and Stan Tu’Inukuafe, who are three community-based educators and partners of university CSL projects in Saskatoon. The participants introduce and situate their connections to community service-learning and discuss the challenges and opportunities of community service-learning and partnering with universities from their perspectives.
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LACTOBACILLI ISOLATED FROM CAMEL’S MILK BIOTOPE IN THE SOUTH OF ALGERIA
Authors: Djamal Eddine Senouci , Yasmine Saidi , Fatima Ghazi , Amina Zergui , Battache Guessas , Mebrouk Kihal
Published: February 2019

Antifungal activity has been the subject of numerous recent works to fight the development of molds in food products and to reduce alteration. The objective of this study is the detection of new indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from Algerian camel’s milk which have an antifungal activity. A number of 264 LAB were isolated from fermented camel’s milk where 80 rods isolates were identified by phenotypical, physiological and biochemical tests. All retained isolates belong to the genus Lactobacillus (Lb.). The antifungal activity was determined by using confrontation and overlay techniques. The screening of antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium sp. showed that 14 strains have an antifungal activity. These later isolates were identified as Lb. plantrarum, Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lb. brevis, Lb. rhamnosus and Lb. pentosus. These strains have shown an effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. Penicillium sp. is the most inhibited followed by Aspergillus ssp. No inhibitory activity could be detected against fungi with the supernatant. However, supernatant have an inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria ivanovii. P. aeruginosa is the only specie who has been affected by the neutralized supernatant. The redissolved dry supernatant of Lb. brevis revealed an inhibition of both fungal and bacterial indicator strains. Results suggest that camel’s milk LAB’s strains could be selected for application to control spoilage, fungal growth and pathogenic bacteria. The use of LAB producing antifungal metabolites represents a technological advantage for the food industry.
ASSESSMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA LYSATES IN MICE
Authors: Moitreyee Chattopadhyay , Debalina Das , Dibyajyoti Das , Malaya Gupta , Gautam Kumar Bagchi
Published: February 2019

The contamination of rice with microorganisms during the storage is very common. In the present study we observe the effect of consumption of such contaminated rice and the lysate obtained from the microorganism on the hematological and biochemical parameters. Among all the microorganisms the bacteria exhibiting gross alteration on the locomotor effect was identified by the 16s rRNA sequencing of the bacteria which is found to be Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The lysate obtained from the bacterial strain gave an LD50 value more than 2000 mg/kg p.o. Though acute exposure to the lysate reduced the locomotor activity but no such effect was observed for the chronic exposure. The study exhibited that at 200 mg/kg p.o. and 300 mg/kg p.o. for a period of 15 days administration the hematological and biochemical profile was unchanged. Though at chronic exposure of 200 mg/kg p.o. there was no change in the hematological and biochemical parameters but a long term exposure of the lysate at 300 mg/kg p.o. reduced hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles count. Moreover, at the higher dose exposure there was an increase in the liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotranferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Thus, it indicated that at higher dose long term exposure the lysate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia may be responsible for toxic changes in the body.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY IN TOKAJ WINES
Authors: Bajčan Daniel , Vollmannová Alena , Šnirc Marek , Árvay JÃºlius , Mezey JÃ¡n , Šimanský VladimÃ­r , Trebichalský Pavol , Stanovič Radovan , Timoracká MÃ¡ria
Published: February 2019

Eighteen wine samples (varieties - Lindenblaetrige, Yellow Muscat and Furmint), originated from Slovak and Hungarian part of Tokaj wine region, were analyzed for the content of total polyphenols, content of total flavonoids and antiradical activity by UV-VIS spectrometry. Our results showed that Slovak Tokaj wines had higher content of healthy useful phenolic and flavonoid compounds (all three varieties) and higher value of antiradical activity (two varieties) than Hungarian Tokaj wines. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents we found out in wines variety Yellow Muscat. The highest value of antiradical activity was found out in wines variety Lindenblaetrige. Our results confirmed very strong linear correlations between all three analysed parameters (TPC, TFC and AA): TPC and TFC (r=0.867), AA and TPC (r=0.836), resp. TFC and AA (r= 0.766).
The influence of the synthetic food colourings tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine on the body weight of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae
Authors: Martynov V. O. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: February 2019

Substances for protecting plants often contain colourings, the impact of which on invertebrates has been studied insufficiently. The addition of food colourings in different concentrations to the diet of saprophage beetles can affect their metabolism, causing loss of body weight. In the experiment, we determined the impact of tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine on the body weight of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 larvae. The substances were added to their fodder at five concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 g/kg of dry fodder) during a 21-day experiment. Statistically significant data on changes in the body weight of T. molitor larvae were received after adding 1 g/kg concentration of indigo carmine and 0.1 and 1 g/kg concentrations of tartrazine. In the other variants of the experiment, no statistically significant differences were determined. Tartrazine, allura red and indigo carmine cause decrease in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, depending on the concentration of the colouring. The toxic effect of synthetic food colourings on living organisms and the low number of studies devoted to such impact on insects indicate the relevance and necessity for further research in this sphere.
Peculiarities of PED virus pathogenesis in neonatal non-immune piglets on Ukraine farms
Authors: Masiuk D. N. , Nedzvetsky V. S. , Sosnztskyi A. I. , Kokariev A. V. , Zavhorodnii A. I.
Published: February 2019

The article presents the results of study of the immune and tissue features of pathogenesis of PED virus in neonatal piglets in Ukraine. Clinical and epizootological analysis was performed in three separate agricultural enterprises with adverse epidemiological situation with PED virus. Blood samples and fragments of the small intestine of PEDv infected piglets were used to study the characteristics of the pathogenesis of PED virus. It has been determined that the pathogenesis of super-acute infection by the PED virus in 1–7 day old non-immune piglets proceeds according to the classic type of infectious process with a relay transmission of the pathogen. Moreover, diarrhea syndrome has induced the development of irreversible and lethal pathophysiological lesions by replication the PED virus in enterocytes of infected piglets. Pathogenetic changes observed in PEDv infected piglets were combined with the following components: acute inflammatory-necrotic process in the tissue of the intestine, destruction and desquamation of the epithelium of the small intestine. The infection process on day 3–5 of manifestation of clinical signs of PED virus is accompanied with an increase in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and monocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit level and aminotransferase activity. In addition, PED virus infection induced an increase in IgM levels and the number of phagocytizing leukocytes with increased aggressiveness and digestive power. The duration of the release of PED virus with feces is 26–37 days after cessation of watery diarrhea. The concentration of PEDv in the feces of convalescent piglets ranged from 120 to 1700 equivalent genome in 1 g of tissue. Parasite coenotic associations of the microbiocenosis of the digestive tract of PED virus infected piglets did not have time to form into stable epitopes. There was a constant quantitative prevalence of transient microbiota and a decrease in the share of probiotic microorganisms. The intestinal microflora consists of random transient microbiota of the environment with pathogenic properties. The results presented show evidence that molecular and cell-mediated immunological events in non-immune piglets have the initial stage of the specific progress of immune response against PEDv.