bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF STRATEGIES FOR ESTABLISHING A NATIONAL WEALTH FUND FOR SUSTAINABLE PENSION
Authors:   Graduate College of Management, Sripathum University, Bangkok, Thailand, Sivaborvornvatana Nilubon , Siriwonporn Ornsasipachr ,   Graduate College of Management, Sripathum University, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: February 2025

Thailand faces significant challenges in addressing the financial security and well-being of its aging population. With the demographic transition to a super-aged society imminent, this paper explores the potential of establishing a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) to provide sustainable pensions for senior citizens. This study integrates demographic analysis, financial strategies, and theoretical frameworks such as Life-Course Theory to propose a model and strategy for a national pension fund. The findings underscore the importance of economic stability, comprehensive healthcare policies, and an age-friendly environment to address the multifaceted needs of the elderly population.
The Influence of Maternal Knowledge Increase about Pregnant Women's Nutrition on Pregnancy Outcomes in Bengkulu City
Authors: Suryani Desri , Krisnasary Arie , Pratiwi Bintang Agustina , Yandrizal Yandrizal
Published: February 2025

Background: Poor maternal health knowledge indirectly affects pregnancy outcomes. According to previous research, as many as 65% of mothers with poor or below average understanding give birth to children with low birth weight (LBW). Maternal and infant health information is needed.
Objectives: To determine the effect of increased maternal knowledge on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This study used a non-randomized quasi-experimental methodology. The study was conducted in Bengkulu City from August 2023 to January 2024. This study involved pregnant women who lived in the working area of ​​Bengkulu City health centers (five health centers). This study examined education, knowledge, and pregnancy outcomes. Validity and reliability were verified using a questionnaire (0.969 Cronbach's Alpha). Pre- and post-tests were conducted before and one month after school. The dependent t-test assessed the impact of the intervention and the correlation test assessed pregnancy outcomes.
Results: The average maternal knowledge before and after the intervention was 16.58 and 18.08. Pregnant women's understanding changed after the intervention (p-value=0.000). Increased maternal knowledge did not affect pregnancy outcomes (p-value=0.301).
Conclusions: There was an increase knowledge of pregnant women after education provision, but this did not have an impact on pregnancy outcomes. Education about pregnancy nutrition is very necessary so that mothers have good knowledge and maintain their intake.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kefir Madu terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Galur Sprague Dawley Sindroma Metabolik
Authors: Ilmi Ibnu Malkan Bakhrul , Hardiansyah Angga , Luailiya Nikmatul , Avrilian Putri Aria , Marjan Avliya Quratul , Sugiyanti Dina , Hayati Nur
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Sindroma metabolik didefinisikan sebagai sekelompok gejala perubahan metabolik tubuh yang terjadi secara bersamaan yang terdiri dari obesitas sentral, dislipidemia, resistensi insulin, dan ketidakstabilan tekanan darah yang dapat diperbaiki melalui produk pangan fungsional. Salah satu pangan fungsional untuk pencegahan sindrom metabolik adalah kefir madu.
Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh kefir susu kambing madu randu terhadap profil lipid yaitu kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) tikus diabetes.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental dengan pre-post test with control group design terhadap 42 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan yang dikelompokkan menjadi 6 kelompok secara acak yaitu Kontrol Sehat (KS), Kontrol Negatif (KN), Kelompok Positif Quercertin (K1), Kelompok Metformin (K2), Kelompok Kefir (P1), dan Kelompok Preventif (P2). Kelompok KN, K1, K2, P1, dan P2 diinduksi streptozotocin (STZ) sebanyak 40 mg/kg BB. Kelompok P2 diberikan kefir madu 1,8 ml/200 g BB bersamaan saat induksi STZ dan pemberian High Fat Diet (HFD). Perlakuan masing masing kelompok dilakukan selama 21 hari. Kelompok P1 diberikan Kefir Madu Randu sebanyak 1,8 ml/200 g BB. Kadar kolesterol total serta LDL dianalisi mengacu dengan metode Cholesterol Oxidase Para Amino Phenazon (CHOD-PAP), kadar trigliserida diukur dengan menggunakan Gliseril Phospo Para Amino Phenazon (GPO-PAP). Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji statistik One Way ANOVA, data yang berhubungan dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan.
Hasil: Setelah 21 hari intervensi Tikus P1 memiliki kadar kolesterol 117,77±7,49 mg/dl, trigliserida 106,82±7,79 mg/dl, LDL 43,57±1,89 mg/dl. Kadar koleterol total, trigliserida dan LDL Tikus P1 tidak berbeda nyata dengan K1 dan K2 (p-value>0,05).
Kesimpulan: Kefir madu randu dapat memperbaiki profil lipid tikus diabetes seperti quercertin dan metformin.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah pada Remaja SMA di Depok, Jawa Barat
Authors: Trista Nesa , Sofianita Nur Intania , Fauziyah A'immatul
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi adalah sebagian penyebab tingginya angka kematian secara global pada usia dewasa dan lanjut usia, namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah kasus hipertensi dikalangan remaja. Berdasarkan data Dinas kesehatan Kota Depok, sebesar 78,10% dari remaja mengalami hipertensi pada usia ≥15 tahun. Hipertensi pada remaja cenderung berlanjut hingga dewasa, tentunya akan meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas pada remaja. Faktor risiko hipertensi umumnya disebabkan oleh gaya hidup serta pola makan yang tidak sehat.
Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah remaja di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 158 responden remaja yang diambil melalui stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan pada Februari – April 2024. Riwayat hipertensi keluarga ditentukan berdasarkan adanya anggota keluarga yang mengalami hipertensi, status gizi diukur menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh berdasarkan Permenkes 2020, dan tingkat stres dinilai menggunakan PSS (Perceived Stress Scale). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan antara riwayat hipertensi keluarga (p-value 0,034), status gizi (p-value 0,014), dan tingkat stres (p-value <0,001) dengan tekanan darah remaja. Hasil uji regresi logisitik berganda menyatakan bahwa tingkat stres adalah penyebab utama hipertensi pada remaja (OR 6,09).
Kesimpulan: Tingkat stres berpengaruh besar pada tekanan darah remaja, sekolah diharapkan rutin melakukan edukasi terkait manajemen stres, pengendalian emosi, dan pentingnya gizi seimbang.
Stunting dan Keragaman Pangan pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey Tahun 2014-2015)
Authors: Hariawan Muhammad Hafizh , Hasanbasri Mubasysyir , Arjuna Tony
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Stunting ialah gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitif yang dapat berdampak pada peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas di masa mendatang. Pada tahun 2018, 30,8% balita di Indonesia masih menderita stunting. Kurangnya asupan gizi secara kronis sebagai penyebab stunting sudah umum diketahui. Namun jenis makanan yang menyebabkan adanya perbedaan kondisi antara anak yang stunting dan tidak stunting masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Keragaman pangan adalah salah satu indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat jenis dan kualitas dari makanan yang dikonsumsi.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan keragaman pangan dengan stunting serta determinan stunting pada anak balita usia 24-59 bulan di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 tahun 2014 dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 2421 balita usia 24-59 bulan.
Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan keragaman pangan memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting. Jenis makanan yang berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting adalah daging, telur, susu dan olahannya, serta sayur sumber vitamin A. Analisis multivariat keragaman pangan dengan stunting yang mengikutsertakan variabel luar didapatkan hasil BBLR, status ekonomi, wilayah tinggal, serta pendidikan ibu merupakan prediktor dari kejadian stunting.
Kesimpulan: Konsumsi pangan beragam terutama protein yang bersumber dari hewan seperti telur, ikan, susu, dan daging merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas diet pada anak. Peningkatan kualitas diet berpotensi menurunkan risiko kejadian stunting. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya dan strategi untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas terhadap bahan makanan serta pengetahuan gizi.
ENose: a new frontier for non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring
Authors: Moshayedi Ata Jahangir , Khan Amir Sohail , Chen Ming , Piccaluga Pier Paolo
Published: February 2025

Electronic Nose (ENose) technology has emerged as a transformative tool in medical diagnostics, leveraging sensor arrays that mimic the human olfactory system to detect odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various biological samples. ENose systems utilize a range of sensor types, such as metal oxide semiconductors and conducting polymers, to generate unique “smell fingerprints” through pattern recognition algorithms. These systems have shown promise in diagnosing various medical conditions, including respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological conditions. Notably, ENose technology holds significant promise in cancer diagnostics, offering a non-invasive, cost-effective, and rapid approach to early detection and monitoring. It has demonstrated impressive accuracy (85%-95%) in detecting cancers and monitoring complications. However, challenges remain, including issues with standardization, sensor sensitivity, and data interpretation. Despite these hurdles, ENose technology’s market growth is fueled by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning techniques like deep learning, have enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and robustness of ENose devices. This paper explores the evolution, core principles, applications, challenges, and future potential of ENose technology, with particular emphasis on integrating recent advancements in AI for enhanced detection and interpretation. Future research and collaboration across sectors are essential to overcome existing challenges and integrate ENose into mainstream healthcare.
Single anesthetic event for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment: hype or hope for the future?
Authors: Nguyen Sean H. , Rao Madhuri
Published: February 2025

The concept of a single anesthetic event (SAE) for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment has recently developed with the aim to streamline care and reduce delays in treatment. SAE integrates advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy, histopathologic diagnosis, and immediate surgical resection in one single anesthetic procedure. This review explores the historical surgical treatment of lung cancer, development of SAE, and the theoretical framework and practical implementation of SAE. While offering potential advantages such as shorter treatment times and reduced hospital stays, SAE encounters logistical difficulties and limitations in use. Despite these challenges, SAE demonstrates feasibility and suggests a pathway towards improved cancer management.
The Paradox of Soe Decentralisation: Evidence from Post-Colonial States
Authors: Singh Saran , Bou Victoria
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the paradoxical outcomes of state-owned enterprise (SOE) decentralization in post-colonial states, challenging the conventional wisdom that links decentralization with improved efficiency and democratic governance. Drawing on evidence from Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, we demonstrate that the transfer of SOE responsibilities to subnational governments has largely failed to deliver its promised benefits. The analysis reveals that subnational SOEs consistently underperform their national counterparts due to several structural impediments: insufficient economies of scale, inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, limited capacity for research and development, and increased vulnerability to local corruption networks. While decentralization theory, developed in Western democratic contexts, suggests that local control enhances service delivery and accountability, empirical evidence from developing nations indicates otherwise. The paper finds that national-level SOEs generally maintain superior technical capabilities and operational efficiency compared to their subnational counterparts. These findings necessitate a fundamental reassessment of decentralization as a governance reform strategy, particularly in contexts where institutional capacity and professional expertise are concentrated at the national level. The study contributes to our understanding of how varying governmental control structures influence SOE operations and outcomes in post-colonial states.
Assessing the Effects of Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios on Surface and Groundwater of an Intensively Agricultural Basin in Central Greece
Authors: Sismanidi Maria , Kokkinaki Lamprini , Kavalieratou Sofia , Georgoussis Haralampos , Giannoulis Kyriakos D. , Dimitriou Elias , Panagopoulos Yiannis
Published: February 2025

Pinios river basin constitutes the most important agricultural production area in Greece, contributing to the degradation of the quality and quantity of surface and groundwater bodies. Bioenergy crops, implemented as part of the existing cropping systems, could be a novel and efficient mitigation strategy against water degradation contributing to the production of energy through renewable sources. This study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to first develop a representative model of Pinios river basin and evaluate its current state with respect to water availability and nitrate water pollution. A low input perennial bioenergy crop, switchgrass, is then simulated closely to the Greek conditions, to investigate its potential effects on water through three implementation scenarios: installation and growth of switchgrass in the entire irrigated cropland, exclusively in irrigated sloping (slopes > 1.5%) cropland and exclusively in irrigated non-sloping cropland. The simulated results demonstrate that under all scenarios, water quality improvements with respect to nitrate loads entering surface and groundwater bodies were significant, with their reduction being directly affected by the extent that switchgrass replaced the resource-demanding conventional crops. However, the potential of improving water status with growing switchgrass only in sloping areas was considerable, at the same time with significant biomass production. The study also highlights the contribution of the bioenergy crop to the increase of groundwater levels across the basin, implying that its adoption could be a promising means against water scarcity.
he Hubble Sphere Radiation Pressure Law is Consistent With the Cosmological Redshift z = Sqrt( R_H/R_t) − 1
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: February 2025

Haug and Wojnow [1] have recently demonstrated that there exists a law for the Hubble sphere very similar to the Ideal Gas Law, which they have called the Hubble Sphere Radiation Pressure Law. In this paper, we will demonstrate that the Haug and Tatum cosmologicalredshift: z = Sqrt( R_H/R_t) − 1 can be derived from their framework.
Oncologic Outcomes of Breast‐Conserving Surgery in a Colombian Cancer Center: An Observational, Analytical, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Díaz-Casas Sandra E. , Rosero Díaz del Castillo Flavio José , Mendoza Díaz Sara , Saénz Landino Andersson , Sánchez Pedraza Ricardo , Silva Cardenas Sonia , Zuluaga Liberato Andrea , Briceño Morales Ximena , Guzmán-AbiSaab Luis , Gamboa Garay Oscar , Ángel Aristizábal Javier , Mariño Lozano Iván Fernando , Suárez Rodríguez Raúl Alexis , García-Mora Mauricio , Duarte Torres Carlos Alfonso , Núñez Lemus Marcela
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) is one of the major surgical advances in breast cancer treatment. This study evaluated the oncological outcomes of BCS in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer at a referral cancer center in a medium‐resource country between 2013 and 2019. Methods: An observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with stage I–IIIC breast cancer treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Bogotá, Colombia) from September 2013 to March 2019. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment types, and survival outcomes were retrospectively collected. Results: A total of 409 patients were included. In 64.1% of cases, BCS was performed as initial treatment, and in 35.9%, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). With a median follow‐up of 85.2 months, tumor recurrence was documented in 9.04% of patients, local recurrence in 2.9%, regional in 2.2%, and distant in 5.6%. The identified risk factors for mortality were locally advanced clinical stage (HR 5.13; p =0.01), triple‐negative subtype (HR 8.02; p <0.01), and nodal involvement of more than four lymph nodes in the surgical specimen (HR 4.00; p <0.01). Conclusions: Breast‐conserving surgery is an oncologically safe procedure for patients with early and locally advanced breast cancer who respond to NACT. Time to recurrence and overall survival are determined by the clinical stage, axillary tumor burden, and biological subtype of the disease.
Interplay Between Diet, Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Myokines in Children: Vegetarian Versus Traditional Eating Habits
Authors: Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga , Chełchowska Magdalena , Mazur Joanna , Rowicka Grażyna , Klemarczyk Witold , Strucińska Małgorzata , Gajewska Joanna
Published: February 2025

The quality and composition of dietary proteins are crucial during growth, particularly in children who follow vegetarian diets. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine) and lysine play essential roles in muscle growth, repair, and metabolism and are involved in the regulation of muscle-derived proteins known as myokines. This study aimed to compare the dietary intake and circulating levels of BCAAs, lysine, and myokines (follistatin-1, myostatin, myonectin) between vegetarian and omnivorous prepubertal children and to explore the impact of diet on muscle metabolism. Sixty-four healthy Caucasian children aged 4–9 years (42 vegetarians and 22 omnivores) were assessed for dietary intake using the Dieta 5®software. Circulating BCAAs and lysine were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, while myokine concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Vegetarian children showed significantly lower intakes of total protein, animal protein, BCAAs, and lysine than omnivores. Correspondingly, the circulating levels of isoleucine, valine, lysine, and albumin were significantly reduced in vegetarians. Among myokines, serum myostatin and myonectin levels were comparable between the groups, but vegetarians had significantly lower median follistatin-1 levels 7.7 (6.5–9.4) ng/mL than omnivores 9.7 (7.5–13.9) ng/mL (p = 0.012). In the entire group of children, positive correlations were observed between dietary total and animal protein intake and circulating valine and lysine levels. Dietary animal protein intake was also positively associated with the serum levels of all myokines, whereas plant protein intake was negatively correlated with myonectin concentration. In conclusion, vegetarian diets in prepubertal children are associated with reduced dietary protein quality and lower circulating BCAAs, lysine, and follistatin-1 levels, which may impact muscle metabolism. Optimizing vegetarian diets using high-quality plant proteins with proper essential amino acids could mitigate their deficiencies and support muscle development during critical growth periods.
Estimation of Waste Volumes on Urban Water Courses for Sustainable Management
Authors: Funes María Fernanda , Reyna Teresa María , García Rodriguez Carlos Marcelo , Lábaque María , López Sebastián
Published: February 2025

Accelerated urban growth has increased the generation of urban solid waste, particularly in densely populated urban areas, which negatively affects both the environment and public health. This study analyzes the relationship between the socio-environmental vulnerability of riverside population sectors, the accumulation of garbage and its mobilization during precipitation events in the Suquia River basin, in Cordoba, Argentina. For the integration of tools, satellite images and, Google Street View tours were used, where waste accumulation points and their relationship with drainage problems in Villa Páez were identified. The data obtained from socio-environmental surveys and field observations were integrated into the EPA SWMM hydrological model to simulate scenarios with different garbage collection schedules. The results showed a significant increase in the dragging of plastics, especially in high-magnitude precipitation events, aligning with global studies on the mobilization of plastic waste. This work highlights the need for a georeferenced socio-environmental database to improve waste management in urban areas and mitigate the socio-environmental impacts of plastic transportation. It also raised the need for multidisciplinary and, integral studies for the study of plastic transport in urban basins to cover the study from the generation of waste to the transport of the contaminant linked to hydrology.
Day Versus Night Exposure of Two Ecologically Contrasted Moss Species to Stratospheric Conditions: Stress Tolerance as a Key to Survival
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Agata Maria , Harasymczuk Mateusz Matt , Motyka Oldrich
Published: February 2025

Two species of moss, representative of the two categories of ecological strategies typical for bryophytes (i.e. stress tolerator and ruderal), were selected for the initial assessment of their capacity to withstand the conditions of the stratosphere. Samples of moss were attached to the balloons and elevated to the stratosphere during both diurnal and nocturnal periods. Observations of morphological changes, chloroplast condition, and chlorophyll autofluorescence post-introduction were conducted to assess survival abilities. The results demonstrated that Orthotrichum anomalum, a stress-tolerant moss, exhibited significantly higher resilience under both tested conditions compared to the ruderal Physcomitrella patens. Consequently, for further assessment of survival abilities of plants under space- or Mars-like conditions, desiccation tolerant stress-tolerant species are recommended.
Accelerating Expanding Universe by Newton's Equations of Celestial Mechanics
Authors: Gingold Harry , Quaintance Jocelyn
Published: February 2025

This article, by using Newton's equations for celestial mechanics, provides asymptotic formulas for modelling acceleration in an expanding universe. This formula, based on the distance between two celestial bodies raised to a certain power, is independent of dark energy.
Design and Experiment of an Electron Optical System for a Ku-Band Tunable Continuous Wave Klystron
Authors: Guo Xin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Gu Honghong , Liang Yuan , Shen Bin , Ding Haibing
Published: February 2025

Continuous wave tunable klystron is a microwave amplifier widely used in satellite earth stations. This type of klystron has outstanding characteristics of high efficiency and long lifespan. This article proposes a design scheme of an electron optical system for Ku-band continuous wave tunable klystron. The klystron adopts a depressed collector to improve the overall efficiency of the device, and the collector area is cooled by forced air. The emission current density of the cathode and the temperature of the drift channel and collector in klystron during the rated operating condition directly affect the device lifespan. The distribution of electron trajectories is simulated using 2-D and 3-D electromagnetic calculation software, and a thermal analysis simulation of the klystron structure is conducted. A reliable klystron design scheme was obtained through the above process, and it is experimentally verified under the testing of a klystron sample tube. The DC electron beam transmission rate of the klystron exceeds 99%, and high-frequency output state beam transmission rate is above 97.5%. During the testing process, the klystron can maintain a stable working state. This study laid an important technical foundation for the development of Ku-band tunable klystrons.
ShanZhiXingYu: Address Factuality Issues in Large Language Models Through Multi-Dimensions
Authors: Yao Juanjuan
Published: February 2025

Medical large language models(LLMs) possess huge potential in improving the quality of medical services. However, the problem of factual information has become a severe challenge that urgently needs to be overcome and is hindering the development of medical LLMs. Given this situation, this paper systematically introduces the "ShanZhiXingYu", which is committed to resolving eight key factual information problems, including the reliability of all sources of factual information, the real-time update of factual information, the high quality of the complete set of unique training data, the high efficiency of the complete set of reasoning logic algorithms, the full controllability of model effect verification, the interpretability of the professional knowledge base across the entire domain, the all-dimensional precision of personalized diagnosis and treatment, and the guarantee of data security and compliance throughout the whole chain. A series of innovative solutions have comprehensively strengthened the trustworthiness, controllability and interpretability of LLMs, laid a solid foundation and provided a powerful boost for their practical applications in the medical and health field, and thus served users, medical institutions and pharmaceutical enterprises with higher quality, promoting the steady development of the medical and health industry.
Smart Traffic Signal Optimization Using Real-Time Data: A Review
Authors: Rahman Md Rafiur , Mamun Md Mohiuddin
Published: February 2025

Rapid urbanization and increased vehicular traffic demanded the creation of intelligent traffic management systems. Smart traffic signal optimization employing real-time data has emerged as a critical approach for improving traffic flow, reducing congestion, and increasing overall urban mobility. This research paper digs into improvements in traffic signal control systems, focusing on the integration of real-time data and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. We investigate a variety of methodologies, including reinforcement learning, fuzzy logic, and connected car technologies, highlighting their strengths and limits. The report also analyses the problems and potential future approaches for deploying these intelligent systems.
On-Orbit Fast Small Target Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv5 Model
Authors: Li Qilong , Zhu Zezhou
Published: February 2025

Small target detection in remote sensing images is a challenging research field. Real-time on-orbit small target detection is of great significance for rapid discovery and tracking of remote sensing targets. In this paper, the feasibility of automotive-grade system on chips (SOC) to achieve on-orbit high-performance computing is analyzed, a high-performance computing solution that meets the complex space application environment is proposed. At the same time, based on the improved YOLOv5s model and the block parallel processing framework, a real-time on-orbit small target detection method for remote sensing images is proposed. Experimental results show that the small target detection time of this method is about 100ms for a 5k×3k resolution image, meanwhile, the actual results for small object detection are also better than the original YOLOv5 model.
On the Interplay between Behavior Dynamics, Environmental Impacts and Fairness in the Circular Economy, Business Models and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Fernández Shai , Bodin Ulf , Synnes Kåre
Published: February 2025

In contemporary research, the digital transformation of industries and societies has increased the importance of interdisciplinary exploration, particularly when addressing the complex challenges faced by modern organizations and social systems. From the perspective of digitalization, this survey examines the intricate interactions between three key research domains: behavior dynamics, environmental impact, and fairnesss. By reviewing a wide range of studies and methodologies, it reveals new insights, challenges, and opportunities that arise at the intersection of these areas within digital ecosystems. Through a structured approach covering preliminary background, state-of-the-art methods, and comprehensive analysis, this document seeks to reveal the synergies and divergences among these domains. Special emphasis is placed on their implications in the digitalization of modern circular economy, business models, and supply chain management contexts where these domains converge in meaningful ways. Additionally, through an extensive review of existing literature, this document highlights the current state of research and identifies notable gaps. These include issues such as ensuring fairness in digitalized sustainable strategies, understanding the role of digital behavior dynamics in promoting environmental management and managing environmental impacts in new digitally-driven business models. By weaving together these diverse elements, this work offers a novel perspective, emphasizing the importance of collaborative and integrative research in shaping a sustainable and equitable digital future.
Comparative Bioavailability Study of Jaspine B: Impact of Nano-Liposomal Drug Delivery System on Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Ghimire Biwash , Giri Pradeep , Pashikanti Srinath , Aghazadeh-Habashi Ali
Published: February 2025

Jaspine B, an anhyrophytosphingosine, has potent anticancer properties. However, it exhibits low oral bioavailability, reducing therapeutic effects despite its cytotoxicity. This study aimed to address this issue by improving the pharmacokinetics of Jaspine B through liposomal formulation. Jaspine B liposomes were prepared using microfluidic techniques and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify Jaspine B concentrations in the rat plasma. The analytical method showed linearity in a wide range of concentrations with high precision. Sprague Dawley rats were used to carry out a pharmacokinetic study to assess the impact of liposomal formulation on the pharmacokinetic parameters of Jaspine B. The liposomal formulation successfully improved the PK of the drug with enhanced bioavailability, increased half-life, and circulation time in the plasma, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes.
Novel Mass Lumping Approach Leveraging the Spectral Decomposition Theorem
Authors: Bäthge Fabian , Provatidis Christopher G. , Juhre Daniel , Eisenträger Sascha
Published: February 2025

simulations are very time-consuming and challenging to deal with. For such problems, explicit time
integration is often employed, since the time step size for the numerical simulation is already limited
by the physics of the problem. However, for explicit time integration methods to be competitive, a
lumped mass matrix (LMM) must be available. Unfortunately, there is no mass lumping approach that
provides satisfying accuracy for all element types. The spectral element method (SEM) is a frequently
utilized methodology for obtaining an LMM, as it allows an optimal convergence rate for rectangular and
hexahedral Lagrange elements and thus fulfills the combination of diagonal structure and accuracy in
the best possible way to date. In this case, lumping is achieved by using the nodal quadrature technique,
where Gauß-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) points are utilized both for defining the Lagrangian shape functions
and the quadrature rule. This is not a recommended approach for other point distributions, as it is possible
for zero or negative masses to occur, and is therefore inappropriate for arbitrary element types. On the
other hand, there are the well-known mass lumping methods, e.g., the row-sum technique and the diagonal
scaling method (HRZ lumping) which can be employed for arbitrary elements to transform a consistent
mass matrix in a diagonal structure. Unfortunately, these methods cause problems such as deteriorated
convergence rates and do not ensure the positive-definiteness of the mass matrix. A new method that can
free itself from these shortcomings would therefore be ideal.
In this article a novel approach based on the spectral decomposition theorem (SDT) is presented that
allows to transform a consistent SEM mass matrix (cSEM) into a lumped SEM mass matrix (lSEM). This
technique guarantees positive-definiteness of the lumped mass matrix and exponential convergence rates,
since it reproduces the SEM mass matrix obtained by nodal quadrature exactly. The proposed SDT mass
lumping approach thus provides a strong foundation for developing advanced mass lumping schemes for
other element types, for which no such methods currently exist.
Mixed Methods Studies on Breastfeeding: A Scope Review
Authors: Greyce Minarini , Eliane Lima , Karla Figueiredo , Nayara Pereira , Paula Carmona Ana , Mariana Bueno , Cândida Primo
Published: February 2025

Prenatal and postnatal health guidance, along with women's individual experiences, greatly influences mothers' breastfeeding decisions and duration. To understand this better, a methodology combining quantitative and qualitative data is essential. Objective: To map the scientific production on the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding developed from mixed methods research. Method: Scoping review that followed the JBI and PRISMA-ScR methodology. The search was carried out in the following databases: Medline/Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane, BVS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and BDTD. The guiding question was: Which studies on the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding were developed using mixed methods? The research took place from December 2023 to June 2024. Results: Of the 3569 studies found, 36 studies using mixed methods were included, with a prevalence of an explanatory sequential approach. Breastfeeding rates in the selected studies remain lower than global recommendations. The barriers to breastfeeding reported by mothers include biological; emotional; cultural; unfavorable social and hospital environment; difficulties in clinical management; lack of support from family, friends, health professionals, and employers; and skepticism about the benefits of breastfeeding. On the other hand, the main facilitators of breastfeeding reported were education and counseling during prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum periods; women's intention to breastfeed; support from family, employer, spouse, and health professionals. Conclusion: The studies highlighted various issues related to breastfeeding rates, barriers, and facilitators across different contexts and cultures worldwide. The findings demonstrate that employing mixed methods enables a comprehensive and nuanced assessment of breastfeeding practices and the evaluation of relevant interventions.
The Effect of Customer Experience Quality on Brand Love in a Private Institution of Higher Learning
Authors: Fauzi Nurazlin Binti Mohd , Rahman H. M. Mahfuzur , Mahdee Junainah Binti Mohd , Parvez Niaz
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of customer experience dimensions (peace of mind, moment of truth, outcome focus, and product experience) on brand love in a private higher education institution. Based on the three dimensions of the EXQ model, the study seeks to identify how these dimensions create an emotional attachment in customers towards the brand. The study used a quantitative approach in which 244 respondents were sampled and surveyed through a structured questionnaire. Outcome focus, peace of mind, and moment of truth explain substantial variance in brand love, while product experience has a weak and non-significant association. The most significant was the outcome focus; we needed to eliminate transaction costs and perform services efficiently. Consolation and reality checks also go hand in hand by ensuring emotional assurance and managing vital touch points. The research highlights the importance of customer experience in creating brand love and stresses the need for institutions to focus more on their emotional connections while being functionally efficient. Although product experience had a minor impact in this context, it allows us to consider how to develop service delivery further and meet expectations in that space. This study contributes to the customer experience and brand love literature by offering empirical evidence from the context of higher education. It has implications for institutions when finding the right approach to balance customer experience strategies, which can lead to emotional attachment and loyalty in the long term.
Traumatic stress alters neural reactivity to visual stimulation
Authors: Harnett Nathaniel , Rowland Grace , Webb E Kate , Li Tianyi , Joshi Soumyaa , Ressler Kerry , Rosso Isabelle
Published: February 2025

Traumatic stress is a precursor to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emergent research suggests visual processing regions may be relevant to PTSD development; however, no previous research to date has investigated the potential effects of trauma exposure on neural reactivity to non-affective visual stimulation. In the present study, 24 recently trauma-exposed (TE) and 16 without recent exposure to trauma (NTE) individuals completed functional magnetic resonance imaging during alternating blocks of flickering checkerboard presentations and rest with an attentional check. TE participants were recruited within 2–4 weeks of trauma, and PTSD symptoms were assessed both at the time of the magnetic resonance imaging scan and 6 months following trauma exposure. TE participants showed greater deactivation within the visual cortex compared to NTE participants. Further, NTE participants showed greater neural reactivity within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during stimulation compared to rest, while no difference was observed in TE participants. Connectivity analyses also revealed that visual cortex to paracentral gyrus connectivity was greater during stimulation compared to rest, but only for the NTE participants. Finally, neural reactivity to visual stimulation was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms within the TE group. Our findings suggest that trauma exposure is associated with acute alterations in the neural function that underlies basic visual processing. Furthermore, trauma-induced variability in visual circuit function may be related to the development and expression of PTSD symptoms.
Introduction of multiple disulfide bonds increases the thermostability of transglutaminase
Authors: Ono Takuto , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Hirao Yoshinori , Mihara Yasuhiro , Abe Isao , Sugiki Masayuki
Published: February 2025

Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of glutamine and lysine residues in proteins. Because of its ability to modify proteins, MTG has various applications in the medical and food industries. Most studies have aimed to enhance the thermal stability of MTG by focusing only on point mutations. Introducing a disulfide (S-S) bond in the N-terminal region has been found to be effective, whereas S-S bonds in other regions were considered ineffective. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing an additional S-S bond on the thermal stability of an MTG mutant. We found that adding S-S bonds to regions other than the N-terminal, in conjunction with the N-terminal S-S bond, significantly enhanced thermal stability. This finding demonstrates the importance of reinforcing the weakest part of the protein first, followed by strengthening other regions for optimal thermal stability. The MTG variant with two S-S bonds retained its catalytic activity and substrate specificity towards protein substrates, making it a promising candidate for industrial applications. Thus, introducing S-S bonds could be an effective strategy to increase thermal stability of MTG and other industrial enzymes, thereby contributing to their potential industrial applications.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin induces cell death and disrupts effector functions of porcine monocytes
Authors: Ma Jinglin , Weken Hans Van der , Hermans Leen , Dierick Matthias , Cox Eric , Devriendt Bert
Published: February 2025

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrhea in human and animals, including pigs. Enterotoxins are important virulence factors for ETEC. Although a lot is known on the mechanism of enterotoxin-induced diarrhea, less is known about their effects on innate immune cells like monocytes. Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells and play a pivotal role as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system. Understanding the interaction between ETEC enterotoxins and monocytes can help in the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat this disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the heat labile enterotoxin (LT) and the heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by ETEC on porcine monocytes. Our results show that STa did not affect the cell viability and effector functions of monocytes. LT, on the other hand, decreased the cell viability of monocytes. While LT did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by monocytes, it significantly reduced ROS production induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In addition, LT decreased the phagocytosis of E. coli by monocytes and enhanced the survival of intracellular ETEC. Furthermore, LT triggered the production of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as chemokines CCL-3 and CXCL-8. Together, our results show that in contrast to STa, LT can cause cell death in monocytes and disrupt their immune effector functions, potentially acting as an immune evasion strategy to establish infection.
Effect of Injection Molding Parameters and Cooling Conditions on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Battery Boxes for Automotive Batteries
Authors: Switzner Nathaniel , Abubakr Dyari Omed , AbdulAziz Nouf Nawaf , Rasheed Fahad Faris , Jamal Lano Hunar
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of injection molding parameters, including tem-perature, cooling duration, and coolant flow conditions, on the dimensional stabilityand mechanical properties of automotive battery boxes made from polypropylene im-pact copolymer (PPIC). PPICs are widely used materials for battery boxes becauseof their strength, toughness, chemical resistance, and low cost. Interruption of theflow of coolant to the mold was shown to cause warpage in specific regions. Lowerinjection temperatures (220 °C) showed greater robustness to coolant anomalies,maintaining dimensional stability despite cooling disruptions.

Mechanical testing of tensile bars extracted from the molded boxes revealed sig-nificant orientation-dependent behavior, with longitudinal samples exhibiting supe-rior elongation and toughness compared to transverse samples. Notched tensile barsconfirmed strain rate sensitivity, highlighting the brittleness of PPIC under highdeformation rates. A machine learning model was used to optimize elongation as afunction of processing parameters, revealing optimal ranges for injection temperature(220–234 °C) and cooling time (38-47 s).

These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing the injection moldingprocess to minimize defects, enhance mechanical performance, and improve reliabilityin PPIC battery boxes. Future work should focus on exploring additional parame-ters, including resin composition and mold design, to further refine manufacturingoutcomes.
Multi-objective Aerodynamic Design Optimization of a New Engine Intake Electromagnetic Wave Blocker
Authors: Üstün Cihat Emre , Ünal İlhami , Özbey Nurettin , Kılıç Nail Buğra , Erdoğan Nursev , Altay Özkan , Tutar Mustafa
Published: February 2025

A new engine intake electromagnetic wave blocker (EMWB) in astraight duct configuration is proposed as an alternative to S-shaped air intake ducts for reducing radar and infrared signatures of aircraft. A computational fluid dynamics model is developed and verified against an existing S-duct air intake study. Ten geometric parameters of the baseline EMWB are selected as design variables for a multi-objective optimization study. The design space is extensively explored with 68 configurations, applying the constraints of pressure recovery (PR) > 0.97 and distortion coefficient (DC60) <0.06. This process yields 16 feasible designs, from which the best performing model in terms of PR and DC60 is selected as the optimized EMWB. The electromagnetic model and experimental set-up are then established. Radar cross section measurements of the optimized EMWB model demonstrate significant improvements: aerodynamic performance is increased by 8.1% for PR and 14% for DC60, while the radar cross section is decreased by 51%. These results suggest that the optimized EMWB in a straight duct configuration offers a promising alternative to S-shaped ducts for reducing aircraft engine signatures while maintaining aerodynamic performance.
Macroinvertebrate predators and other coexisting macroinvertebrate species interaction with malaria vectors in aquatic habitats of three climatic areas of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Judicael , Sawadogo Simon P. , Niang Abdoulaye , Soulama Abdoulaye , Yerbanga Sylvie , Ouédraogo Tarwendpanga F.X. , Séré Bouraïma Vincent , Guissou Charles , Dabiré Roch K. , Müller Ruth , Gnankine Olivier , Diabaté Abdoulaye
Published: February 2025

Background: In aquatic larval habitats, Anopheles larvae are subject to the predatory activity of macroinvertebrates. These macroinvertebrates may play a key role in the Anopheles populations bioregulation in aquatic habitats and malaria control. There are few studies characterising macroinvertebrate predators and other macroinvertebrates coexisting with Anopheles larvae in Burkina Faso. This study aimed at characterising and evaluating the different interactions in larval habitats between anopheline mosquito larvae, predatory macroinvertebrates and other co-habitants in the three climatic areas of Burkina Faso.
Methods: A larval survey was performed in the three climatic areas (Sahelian, Soudano-Sahelian and Soudanian zones) from September to November 2022. Mosquito larvae and other macroinvertebrates were sampled using standard dippers, preserved in Falcon tubes containing ethanol 80% and transported to the laboratory for morphological identification. Alpha diversity analysis was used to measure macroinvertebrate diversity according to climatic zones and correlation matrix analysis was performed to determine the different interactions between Anopheles and other macroinvertebrates in breeding sites.
Results: As results, in larval habitats, Anopheles were found with several aquatic macroinvertebrate predators and other macroinvertebrates cohabiting with Anopheles. The abundance and alpha diversity indices of macroinvertebrate predators and other coexisting macroinvertebrates varied significantly according to climatic zone. Correlation analyses showed that in the Sahelian zone, Anopheles spp., Corixidae and Notonectidae shared the same aquatic habitats. In the Soudano-Sahelian zone, Anopheles spp. occupied the same larval habitats with Belostomatidae, Notonectidae and Achatinidae and the presence of Anopheles in larval habitats was correlated with that of Beatidae in the Soudanian zone.
Conclusion: This study showed a trophic association between Anopheles, macroinvertebrate predators and other coexisting macroinvertebrates in larval habitats in Burkina. Our study provides insights and thereby opens new avenues in terms of development of biological control against larvae of Anophelespopulations in Burkina Faso.