bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: May Tamara , Birch Edwina , Chaves Karina , Cranswick Noel , Culnane Evelyn , Delaney Jane , Derrick Maddi , Eapen Valsamma , Edlington Chantele , Efron Daryl , Ewais Tatjana , Garner Ingrid , Gathercole Michael , Jagadheesan Karuppiah , Jobson Laura , Kramer John , Mack Martha , Misso Marie , Murrup-Stewart Cammi , Savage Evan , Sciberras Emma , Singh Bruce , Testa Renee , Vale Lisa , Weirman Alyssa , Petch Edward , Williams Katrina , Bellgrove Mark
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The objective of this article was to provide an overview of the development and recommendations from the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The guideline aims to promote accurate and timely identification and diagnosis, and optimal and consistent treatment of ADHD.

Methods:

Development integrated the best available evidence with multidisciplinary clinical expertise and the preferences of those with lived experience, underpinned by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The 23 guideline development group members included psychiatrists, paediatricians, general practitioners, psychologists, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, educators, Indigenous psychologists, and people with a lived experience; with two independent chairs and a methodologist. Where appropriate, evidence reviews from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2018 ‘Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management’ guideline were updated. Fifty prioritised clinical questions were addressed in 14 systematic reviews (new and updated from NICE 2018) and 28 narrative reviews.

Results:

The 113 clinical recommendations apply to young children (5 years and under), children, adolescents and adults. They provide guidance for clinicians on identification, screening, diagnosis, multimodal treatment and support, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The guideline and supporting information are available online: https://adhdguideline.aadpa.com.au/

Conclusions:

The guideline was approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and relevant medical and allied health professional associations. It is anticipated that successful implementation and uptake of the guideline by organisations, health care providers and other professionals will increase delivery of evidence-based treatment and improve health outcomes for the more than 800,000 Australians with ADHD.
Book review: Sangit Kumar Ragi, RSS and Gandhi: The Idea of India
Authors: Bagai Mithila Urmila
Published: May 2023

Sangit Kumar Ragi, RSS and Gandhi: The Idea of India. New Delhi: Sage Publishing, 2022, 326 pp., ₹1,395, ISBN 9789354792526 (Hardback).
Book review: Mridula Sharda and Inder Kumar, Tribal India: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Lal Moti
Published: May 2023

Mridula Sharda and Inder Kumar, Tribal India: Issues and Challenges. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2021, xi + 150 pp., ₹895, ISBN: 978-81-316-1200-2 (hardbound).
Book review: K. S. R. N. Sarma, Capacity Building in Public Administration- IIPA’s Initiatives and Challenges
Authors: Narain Yogendra
Published: May 2023

K. S. R. N. Sarma, Capacity Building in Public Administration- IIPA’s Initiatives and Challenges. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration, 317 p., ₹500.
The effect of convolutional neural network architectures on phase segmentation of composite material X-ray micrographs
Authors: Galvez-Hernandez Pedro , Kratz James
Published: May 2023

Porosity severely reduces the mechanical performance of composite laminates and methods for automatic segmentation of void phases are growing. This study investigates porosity in composite materials that take the form of interlaminar voids and dry tow areas. Deep Learning was used for the segmentation of X-ray micrographs via the implementation of eight state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures trained with data sets containing twenty-five, fifty, and one-hundred images. The combination of hyperparameters providing the highest accuracy for each architecture and training set size was achieved through the optimisation of six relevant hyperparameters, including the cut-off probability applied to output probability maps. Additionally, the properties of the CNN architectures ( e.g., layer typology, connections, density…) were found to play a determining role, not only in the segmentation results but also in the associated computing effort. U-Net and FCDenseNet outperformed the FCN-8s, FCN-16, SegNet, LinkNet, ResNet18 and Xception CNN architectures. However, the CNNs generally outperformed the standard thresholding approaches, especially in sub-volumes containing low porosity (1.07%) where the influence on strength is very sensitive in high-performance composites. In low porosity samples, U-Net and FCDenseNet consistently segmented voids to 85% + accuracy, whereas thresholding was only half as accurate, at around 40%. The results provide a strong motivation to replace thresholding as a segmentation method for composite X-ray micrographs. In terms of efficiency, the reduced complexity of the U-Net network allowed for an average reduction of the training time (−36%) and prediction time (−17%) when compared to FCDenseNet.
Independence as Discovery: Mozambique's 1975 Nationalization of Funeral Services
Authors: Morton David
Published: May 2023

In July 1975, a month after Mozambique's independence from Portugal, the state nationalized all health care, schooling, and legal counsel, so that all Mozambicans would have equal access to these key services – at least theoretically. The fourth, seemingly anomalous sector to be nationalized on the ‘Day of Nationalizations’: funeral services. The inflationary costs of burial in the capital, Lourenço Marques (today's Maputo) came to the attention of cabinet ministers only during the few weeks they had been ministers. Reacting with disgust, they decided there would be no ‘commercialization of death’ in the People's Republic of Mozambique. Based largely on interviews with the former minister of health and with Isaac Araújo, whose family ran perhaps the first African-owned funeral services business in Lourenço Marques, this article uses the episode to discuss the nature of government decision-making during the very earliest days of independence, a period that I argue deserves special attention. Emphasized is the role that Lourenço Marques played as context: how for neophyte ministers, learning to wield the levers of state was also a process of discovery about life in the capital city.
“How Do Municipal Managers Describe Improving the Services Provided to Drug Death-Bereaved Persons?” a Qualitative Study
Authors: Løseth Hilde-Margit , Dyregrov Kari , Selseng Lillian Bruland , Mellingen Sonja
Published: May 2023

Bereavement following drug-related losses is potentially traumatizing and may cause adverse health outcomes. These bereaved experiences are unacknowledged and omitted in municipal health and welfare service delivery. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to six focus group interviews with 26 municipal managers. Knowledge about municipal managers' perspectives for improving psychosocial follow-up to drug-death-bereaved persons was perceived as vital for improving the quality of public services. The findings show how the services are perceived to be affected by macro-, meso, and micro-level processes. The participants suggested that service delivery should be based on an integrated organizational approach. Political, organizational, administrative, financial, and communicative processes are addressed and discussed in light of Osborne’s theory of public service logic. The managers argue that a broad, contextual frame and infrastructure, enhancing managers' latitude of action regarding employees and facilitating collaborative service flexibility, would provide more sustainable, competent services.
Pediatric Behçet's disease with cardiac valvular lesions: A case-based review
Authors: Yao Xin , Wang Xing-Ning , Lai Jian-Ming
Published: May 2023

Due to the insidious nature of pediatric cardiac Behçet's disease (BD), misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis occurred frequently. We described a female pediatric patient with BD with cardiac valvular involvement diagnosed at the age of 4 years with clinical symptoms, including aphthous ulcers, fever, perianal ulcers, and erythema nodosum, as well as significantly elevated inflammatory markers. Echocardiography revealed that previously absent aortic valve lesions developed later and gradually worsened. After being diagnosed with BD with cardiovascular involvement, the patient was treated with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, biologics, diuretics, and aortic valvuloplasty. At the time of the follow up, the patient was stable. A review of 13 publications was conducted, including 14 cases of cardiac involvement in pediatric BD.
Urban public health emergencies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Part 1: Social and spatial inequalities in the COVID-city
Authors: Orford Scott , Fan Yingling , Hubbard Philip
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 has had unprecedented impacts on urban life on a global scale, representing the worst pandemic in living memory. In this introduction to the first of two parts of a Special Issue on urban public health emergencies, we suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak, and associated attempts to manage the pandemic, reproduced and ultimately exacerbated the social and spatial divides that striate the contemporary city. Here, we draw on evidence from the papers in Part 1 of the Special Issue to summarise the uneven urban geographies of COVID-19 evident at the inter- and intra-urban level, emphasising the particular vulnerabilities and risks borne by racialised workers who found it difficult to practise social distancing in either their home or working life. Considering the interplay of environmental, social and biological factors that conspired to create hotspots of COVID-19 infection, and the way these are connected to the racialised capitalism that underpins contemporary urban development, this introduction suggests that reflection on public health emergencies in the city is not just essential from a policy perspective but helps enrich theoretical debates on the nature of contemporary urbanisation in its ‘planetary’ guise.
Smart and disruptive infrastructures: Re-building knowledge on the informal city
Authors: Bobbins Kerry , Caprotti Federico , de Groot Jiska , Pailman Whitney , Moorlach Mascha , Schloemann Hendrik , Densmore Alex , Finlay Kimenthrie , Fischat Ellen , Siwali Siseko , Links Joslyn
Published: May 2023

Smart urbanism is an established research area in geography and the social sciences. We draw on ‘worlding-provincialising’ strategies identified in an Urban Studies Special Issue from February 2021 to explore how smart infrastructures, a form of smart urbanism, disrupt representations of informality and urban development in new and productive ways. Focussing on the disruptive or troublesome implications of smart infrastructures reveals site-level considerations for developing policy and practice, where acknowledging the nuanced context for its use can present opportunities for not only understanding energy transitions in the Global South, but also creates opportunities for cross-learning. Drawing on our collective insights on a solar mini-grid project in Qandu-Qandu, Cape Town, we sketch out three ways the disruptive aspects of solar energy can be helpful for re-building knowledge on the informal city by: (i) re-positioning notions of ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ infrastructure(s) in urban planning and policymaking; (ii) highlighting new avenues for citizen autonomy; and (iii) recasting the informal city as a site for continuous innovation and learning.
Freight logistics and the city
Authors: Haarstad Håvard , Rosales Rafael , Shrestha Subina
Published: May 2023

In this paper we argue that urban studies should consider freight logistics as an integral part of ongoing urban transformations. The movement of goods is increasingly shaping cities, and the implications for sustainability, liveability and justice are uncertain. Still, freight logistics has been largely overlooked in urban studies. This paper seeks to remedy this. First, we review current literature on freight logistics in cities, and find that it is broadly characterised by what has been called a ‘technical-rational model’. Second, we situate urban logistics in social and political processes of urban change. Finally, we point to key areas for urban scholars to explore at the intersections between urban logistics and urban change to better understand the role of freight logistics in urban sustainability transformations.
Experiences of meaning in life in urban and rural Zambia
Authors: Austad Anne , Cheyeka Austin Mumba , Danbolt Lars Johan , Kamanga Gilbert , Mwale Nelly , Stifoss-Hanssen Hans , Sørensen Torgeir , Schnell Tatjana
Published: May 2023

Meaning in life has become an important topic in empirical research in the psychology of religion. Although it has been studied and found applicable in many different contexts, research on meaning in life and sources of meaning in African countries is scarce. This study qualitatively investigates understandings and experiences of meaning in life and sources of meaning among urban and village dwellers with different educational backgrounds in Zambia. Seven focus group interviews (total N = 52) were conducted and analysed, drawing on Schnell’s model of meaning in life and sources of meaning. The results indicate that the concept of meaning in life is relevant to both urban and village dwellers in Zambia. Meaning experiences and sources of meaning are associated with certain life domains: relationships; religion; education and work; leisure activities; and health and survival. Each life domain includes several fundamental sources of meaning, which can be related to Schnell’s four dimensions of sources of meaning: self-transcendence, self-actualisation, order and well-being and relatedness. The results are discussed in light of extant studies on meaning and cultural characteristics in Africa.
The effect of multivitamins on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lagzi Negar , Bateni Amin , Goli Rasoul , Talebiazar Nasim
Published: May 2023

Background

The prevalence of addiction is increasing in the world. Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) can be associated with severe stress and mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Vitamins and minerals are commonly found in multivitamins seem to improve mood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multivitamins on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing MMT in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Methods

The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized controlled trial and involved 70 male MMT patients over the age of 18. Participants were randomized to one of two groups, either those receiving multivitamins or those receiving a placebo for 12 weeks. The multivitamin capsule included vitamin E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, biotin, folic acid, and zinc. Anxiety and depression were measured using standard questionnaires, before and after the intervention.

Results

The between-group comparison (i.e., intervention vs. placebo) indicated there was no significant difference in anxiety scores; however, there was a significant between-group difference in depression scores, favoring the intervention group.

Conclusions

Multivitamin supplementation improved depression but did not have a significant impact on anxiety in patients undergoing MMT.
Time Allocation and Satisfaction Among Tenured Psychology Faculty at Public, Regional Universities
Authors: Fuegen Kathleen , Hatchett Gregory T.
Published: May 2023

Background

Research on the experiences of tenured faculty employed at teaching-intensive institutions is lacking.

Objective

We gathered data regarding how tenured psychology faculty allocate time. We identify variables that predict time allocation and report associations between time allocation and job satisfaction.

Method

We surveyed 386 tenured psychology professors at regional, public universities in the United States. We measured (1) the percentage of time respondents typically allocated and would prefer to allocate to four activities: teaching, research, service, and administration, and (2) job satisfaction and intentions to seek another position.

Results

Time typically allocated to teaching, research, service, and administrative activities was unrelated to job satisfaction. Time allocated to research was associated with intentions to seek another position. Associate professors allocated more time to teaching than did full professors. The discrepancy between typical and preferred time allocation was associated with occupational dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

In contrast to previous studies, we found that allocating a large percentage of work time to teaching activities did not predict lower job satisfaction.

Teaching Implications

Tenured psychology faculty allocated time to teaching activities in ways consistent with their preferences.
Evaluation of new dew point evaporative cooler heat and mass exchanger designs with different geometries
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammed A , Adham Ahmed M
Published: May 2023

In this study four new geometries of heat and mass exchanger for dew point evaporative cooling are investigated and their performance is compared to that of the commonly used flat plate and corrugated plate exchangers. In the proposed exchangers, each dry channel is completely enclosed by its adjacent wet channels, and each wet channel is completely enclosed by its adjacent dry channels (related detailed information is presented graphically in this paper). In addition, a robust numerical model was developed and is examined under various operational and geometrical conditions. The analysis showed that the proposed dew point evaporative coolers improve the chilled air temperature, water consumption, cooling capacity, and energy efficiency. In particular, the circular concentric tube exchanger, under certain operating conditions (inlet air temperature, humidity ratio, and velocity of 40°C, 6 g/kg, and 3 m/s, respectively), could produce the lowest chilled air temperature of 9.6°C and the highest wet bulb and dew point effectiveness of 148% and 99%, respectively. Additionally, water consumption is reduced to 1.34 L/hr for an inlet air velocity of 1 m/s. A triangular tube exchanger achieved the highest cooling capacity and coefficient of performance, but consumed the largest amount of water. Our geometrical analysis demonstrates that the overall performance of dew point evaporative cooling systems can be improved by employing new geometries for heat and mass exchanger channels.

Practical application: The dew point evaporative cooler is an environmentally friendly air conditioning system used in buildings. It is considered the strongest candidate to replace vapour-compression refrigeration systems because it consumes considerably less electricity while achieving high performance. Our research demonstrates that through revised geometry it is possible to further improve the performance of the system leading to improved energy and water efficiency.
Temperature–air velocity association, experimental and modeling study of stevia leaves solar drying
Authors: Castillo-Téllez Beatriz , Téllez Margarita Castillo , López-Vidaña Erick César , Domínguez Niño Alfredo , Mejía-Pérez Gerardo A , Vega-Gómez Carlos Jesahel
Published: May 2023

Sugar is a natural high-calorie sweetener. Its excessive consumption is associated with health problems such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and degenerative issues. The stevia plant is a great natural substitute. It provides no calories and has medicinal properties such as oral antibacterial, hypoglycemic, and anti-hypertensive with a high nutritional value. In this work, the effects of temperature and air velocity in drying kinetics of stevia leaves were studied using a convective drier operating with air velocities (2, 3, and 4 m/s) and temperatures controlled (45 °C, 55 °C, and 65 °C). The highest drying rate was obtained at 65 °C and 4 m/s air velocity at 0.05 kg water/kg dry matter min. The experimental data were fitted to theoretical drying models to determine the best approach. It is found that the Page model gives a good fit for all experiments, with correlation coefficients ( R2) > 0.9994. The equations to correlate this model's variables with air and temperature were determined. The results show that Δ E and glucoside values increase when temperature and air velocity increase.
Systematic Review of Descriptions and Justifications Provided for Single-Case Quantification Techniques
Authors: Fingerhut Joelle , Moeyaert Mariola , Manolov Rumen , Xu Xinyun , Park Kyung Hyun
Published: May 2023

There are currently a multitude of quantification techniques that have been developed for use with single-case designs. As a result, choosing an appropriate quantification technique can be overwhelming and it can be difficult for researchers to properly describe and justify their use of quantification techniques. However, providing clear descriptions and justifications is important for enhancing the credibility of single-case research, and allowing others to evaluate the appropriateness of the quantification technique used. The aim of this systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the quantification techniques that are used to analyze single-case designs, with a focus on the descriptions and justifications that are provided. A total of 290 quantifications occurred across 218 articles, and the descriptions and justifications that were provided for the quantification techniques that were used are systematically examined. Results show that certain quantification techniques, such as the non-overlap indices, are more commonly used. Descriptions and justifications provided for using the quantification techniques are sometimes vague or subjective. Single-case researchers are encouraged to complement visual analysis with the use of quantification techniques for which they can provide objective and appropriate descriptions and justifications, and are encouraged to use tools to guide their choice of quantification techniques.
Apprenticeships as a career path into the knowledge and information management profession
Authors: Laybats Claire
Published: May 2023

This article introduces apprenticeships as a new path into the profession. It illustrates how organisations have been using the level 3 apprenticeship in Library, Information and Archive Services (LIAS) effectively as a tool to aid recruitment of new talent, a solution to ever tightening recruitment budgets and a way to facilitate closing skills gaps.
Cerebral multi-autoregulation model based enhanced external counterpulsation treatment planning for cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Bao , Liu Youjun , Liu Jincheng , Sun Hao , Feng Yili , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Liyuan
Published: May 2023

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) treatment for cerebral ischemic stroke patients with differing severity of stenosis, is subject to uncertainties due to the varying effects of the cerebral autoregulation mechanism on haemodynamics. The current study reports the development of a cerebral multi-autoregulation (MR) mathematical model, based on cerebral arteriole regulation of neurogenic, vascular smooth muscle reflex and shear stress mechanisms which takes into account the severity of stenosis. The model was evaluated by comparison to authentic clinical measurements of cerebral autoregulatory efficiency. Then it was applied to a 0D/3D geometric multi-scale haemodynamic model of a cerebral artery. Haemodynamic indicators were calculated under different pressurization durations of EECP to evaluate the efficacy for different stenosis lesions. Moderate stenosis of 50% to 60% produced excessive time-averaged wall shear stress in the distal area of the stenosis (>7 Pa) during prolonged pressurization and may result in damage to vascular endothelial cells. However, prolonged pressurization did not result in haemodynamic risk for severe stenosis of 70% to 80%, indicating that the duration of pressurization may be extended with increasing severity of stenosis. The current MR model accurately simulated cerebral blood flow and has relevance to the simulation of cerebral haemodynamics in a clinical setting.
Non-human primate models of focal cortical ischemia for neuronal replacement therapy
Authors: Mu Jiao , Hao Peng , Duan Hongmei , Zhao Wen , Wang Zijue , Yang Zhaoyang , Li Xiaoguang
Published: May 2023

Despite the high prevalence, stroke remains incurable due to the limited regeneration capacity in the central nervous system. Neuronal replacement strategies are highly diverse biomedical fields that attempt to replace lost neurons by utilizing exogenous stem cell transplants, biomaterials, and direct neuronal reprogramming. Although these approaches have achieved encouraging outcomes mostly in the rodent stroke model, further preclinical validation in non-human primates (NHP) is still needed prior to clinical trials. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress of promising neuronal replacement therapy in NHP stroke studies. Moreover, we summarize the key characteristics of the NHP as highly valuable translational tools and discuss (1) NHP species and their advantages in terms of genetics, physiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, and behavior; (2) various methods for establishing NHP focal ischemic models to study the regenerative and plastic changes associated with motor functional recovery; and (3) a comprehensive analysis of experimentally and clinically accessible outcomes and a potential adaptive mechanism. Our review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate NHP cortical ischemic models and efficient prognostic evaluation methods in preclinical stroke research design of neuronal replacement strategies.
Paleoethnobotany as Ethnobotany as Paleoethnobotany
Authors: Pearsall Deborah M.
Published: May 2023

Paleoethnobotany and ethnobotany are closely intertwined. Ethnobotany provides a key interpretive framework for understanding past plant–people interrelationships through the archaeological record, and this understanding of the past provides the foundation for understanding present-day relationships between people and the natural world.
The Nolan Index: A Quantitative Measure of List Similarities
Authors: Robbins Michael C.
Published: May 2023

Several ethnobiological studies have used the Jaccard Index, a qualitative, binary measure, to compare group similarities and differences in lists of plant and animal species, medicinals, foods, cultural utilities, and so on. We extend this effort by formulating the Nolan Index, a new, more precise quantitative measure of the relative frequency of listed items to compare similarities and differences between groups . It is deployed here to evaluate the degree of similarity of free-listed, wild plants between novices and experts in rural Missouri.
Searching for Germane Questions in the Ethnobiology of Food Scouting
Authors: Zocchi Dauro M. , Mattalia Giulia , Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Kalle Raivo , Fontefrancesco Michele F. , Sõukand Renata , Pieroni Andrea
Published: May 2023

In the past two decades, ethnobiologists have increasingly paid attention to the scouting and documentation of endangered corpora of local food elements and associated traditional knowledge. In this endeavor, food scouting encompasses the methodological tools used for mapping, inventorying, and documenting food and food-related resources. The growing body of research in this field is shedding light on the potentialities of these practices in obtaining baseline data regarding food heritage, which can, in turn, empower local communities in their dynamic understanding and safeguarding of this resource. While food scouting have been gaining an important role in current food and gastronomic ethnobiological research, as well as in other fields of study (e.g., geography and anthropology), little attention has been paid thus far to the methods and approaches underpinning these activities. To partially fill this gap, this contribution aims to tackle some methodological issues connected to the documentation of food and gastronomic elements embedded in local knowledge. Acknowledging the plethora of methods applicable in food scouting research, we describe three specific applications of food scouting to elicit data on local food diversity, highlighting their prospects and limitations. The first case addresses market surveys to obtain baseline data on the local food systems and their associated diversity, the second focuses on context-based freelisting methods for eliciting wild food plant uses, and the third discusses methods for scouting and inventorying artisanal food products. Acknowledging the contributions of Justin Nolan to the advancement of methods in the field of ethnobiology, we suggest that the methodological toolkit of food scouting should include ad hoc transdisciplinary platforms codesigned together with local food actors.
Core and Capital Mentoring—in Real Life: A Qualitative Exploration of Different Types of Youth-Initiated Mentoring Relationships With Systems-Involved Youth
Authors: Gowdy Grace , Spencer Renée , Udofia Indhira , Fennell Zenobia , Jones Andi
Published: May 2023

Core and capital mentoring relationships have been demonstrated to be distinct types of relationships that have different characteristics, qualities of the relationship, and are linked to different outcomes among adolescents more generally. The present study adds to this growing literature base by examining whether this typology captures well the experiences of systems-involved youth. A thematic analysis of interviews with systems-involved young people about their youth-initiated mentoring relationship indicated that capital mentoring relationships had an explicit future-oriented nature about them, with a central focus on educational and vocational goals. These mentors also provided financial literacy and life skill training. Young people in core mentoring relationships spoke of their time together quite differently, instead focusing on provision of emotional support, specifically reassurance and positive appraisal, coupled with a kin-like description of the mentor (e.g., “like a family member”). This study adds nuance to our growing understanding of the distinctions between core and capital relationships and the findings here also indicated that some mentoring relationships that were sometimes a true mix of core and capital mentoring. Also apparent from this analysis was the central role that the provision of experiential empathy played in both types of relationships.
Six degrees of freedom positioning compensation method of robotic arm-assisted medical bone drilling
Authors: Yu Tian , Wei Feng , Miao’an Ouyang , Shuhao Yang , Weidong Zhao , shuxiao Zhang
Published: May 2023

The positioning accuracy of medical bone drilling has a great impact on the success rate of orthopedic surgery. Due to the need for high accuracy of medical bone drilling, with use of any 6-DoF-type robotic arm to assist in drilling, a novel six-degree-of-freedom compensation positioning algorithm of robotic arm-assisted medical bone drilling is proposed, in which only position but also orientation errors of robotic end are considered, increasing positioning capability of drilling instrument end effector with position and orientation correction for medical drilling motion accurate controlling. For the different position and orientation characteristics of the robot arm controlling and measurement point/zone, position and orientation transformation from measurement to controlling point/zone is established through position and angle calibration experiments, realizing position and orientation error measured by optical tracking system from measurement point/zone to controlling point/zone. Based on 6-DoF parameter and principle of robotic arm, a positioning compensation model based on the 6-DoF position and orientation errors of robotic arm end is proposed, and iteration cycle is used for higher accuracy, realizing double correction of position and orientation of robotic arm end. The accuracy verification experiments measured by the optical tracking system shows that the average position error before and after the 6-DoF compensation positioning algorithm reduces from 1.42 mm (before compensation with DH-based inverse kinematic model) to 0.20 mm (after compensation model) and the average angle error from 0.470° to 0.046°. A bovine spine drilling experiment is carried out based on the 6-DoF compensation algorithm, and the average position error of the hole in the specific direction measured by the contour projector is 0.221 mm, achieving high positioning accuracy of bone drilling, demonstrating reliability and practical application value of medical bone drilling with the compensation of positioning algorithm.
Lithium battery sorting method for high-rate operating conditions
Authors: Hong Hanchi , Li Hongze , d’Apolito Luigi , Ye Yangqi , Xin Qianfan
Published: May 2023

Lithium batteries are increasingly used in electric vehicle applications. However, different manufacturing processes and technical constraints lead to battery inconsistency, even for batteries in the same production batch. High-rate discharging negatively affects battery consistency and results in service life reduction. A multi-parameter sorting method at high-rate operation was proposed in this study. The method was applied to sort batteries for cars. The sorted datasets were compared and analyzed by the fuzzy C-mean clustering method, the K-means clustering method, and the simulated annealing genetic algorithm. The comparisons proved that the genetic annealing algorithm was more suitable for battery classification. The clustered batteries were assembled into modules in series and parallel for experimental validation. The test results showed that the battery module cycle life was improved.
Influence of base metal temper conditions on AA6082 and AA7050 dissimilar friction stir weld properties
Authors: Singh Anugrah , Upadhyay Vikas
Published: May 2023

In this work, the effect of base metal temper conditions was studied on joint properties of various dissimilar AA6082/AA7050 weld combinations: (i) 6082-T6/7050-T7, (ii) 6082-T6/7050-O, (iii) 6082-O/7050-T7, and (iv) 6082-O/7050-O. The weld macrostructure showed high susceptibility to onion ring formation when either side base metal was in O-temper condition. Heterogeneity in weld nugget microstructure was found to be minimum for dissimilar joints produced with different tempered base metals having the largest strength difference. The weld nugget average hardness was highest (120.86 HV) for the hardest base metals combination and lowest (97.57 HV) for the softest base metals combination dissimilar joints. The highest joint tensile strength was 218.5 MPa for weld fabricated from base metals having the smallest difference in tensile strength. In contrast, the lowest joint tensile strength was 120.4 MPa for weld produced from the combination of base metals having the greatest difference in tensile strength. All welded joints were fractured from the advancing side and exhibited ductile fracture behavior.
Vulnerability and empowerment on the ground: Activist perspectives from the global feminisms project
Authors: Savaş Özge , Caulfield Sueann , Smith Hanna , House Madeline , Stewart Abigail J.
Published: May 2023

Vulnerability is a standard criterion used by state and non-governmental organizations to identify groups of people in need of protection or support. Over the past two decades, however, this notoriously ill-defined and potentially stigmatizing term has been subjected to scrutiny by researchers, service providers, and theorists across multiple disciplines. This study examines the relevance of vulnerability to the ways international feminist activists who were interviewed between 2003 and 2019 for the Global Feminisms Project (GFP) described their struggles for women's rights in various settings over the past 50 years. Citing examples from nine countries, we show that these activists rarely used the term vulnerable, and never to classify groups of people. Instead, they frequently explained how particular groups were subjected to precarious conditions, and how they resisted subjugation, within multiple layers of gendered social relations and political structures. Many activists connected their locally-grounded work to global historical processes, emphasizing particularly the impact of neo-liberalism. Although using different vocabularies, these analyses resonate with work by bioethicists and feminist/queer theorists who reject the use of vulnerability as a classificatory term but embrace it as a tool for analyzing subjugation, building solidarity, and challenging neo-liberal conceptions of individual autonomy.
Examining the effect of moral resilience on moral distress
Authors: Kovanci Mustafa Sabri , Atli Özbaş Azize
Published: May 2023

Aims

The study aims to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) and examine the effect of moral resilience on moral distress.

Background

Moral distress is a phenomenon that negatively affects health workers, health institutions, and the person receiving care. In order to eliminate or minimize the negative effects of moral distress, it is necessary to increase the moral resilience of nurses. Moral resilience involves developing systems that support a culture of ethical practice in healthcare and aim to increase an individual’s capacity to cope with moral challenges.

Methods

A methodological and descriptive-predictive study design was adopted. Sociodemographic Information Form, Measure of Moral Distress – Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP), and Rushton Moral Resilience Scale were used to collect data from the nurses. A total of 255 clinical nurses were recruited.

Ethical considerations

Hacettepe University’s non-interventional ethics committee approved the study’s protocol and informed consent was obtained from the participants.

Results

The original four-factor structure of the scale was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, and the index values were evaluated and found at an acceptable level. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.826. Moral resilience predicted moral distress total, intensity, and frequency levels. A moderate and weak relationship was found in the negative between all sub-dimensions of moral distress and moral resilience.

Conclusions

The Rushton Moral Resilience Scale Turkish version showed good psychometric properties. Moral resilience has a reducing effect on moral distress. Young nurses who have less experience are at risk because they have lower moral resilience levels, while nurses working in intensive care units are at risk because of their high moral distress levels. A healthy workplace can be created by developing specific approaches to improve moral resilience in reducing the impact of moral distress in the healthcare environment.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) aided full-length phrenic nerve transfer for restoration of elbow flexion
Authors: Gunasagaran Jayaletchumi , Ab Wahab Nuraliza , Khoo Saw Sian , Shamsul Shams Amir , Shivdas Sachin , Hashim Shahrul , Ahmad Tunku Sara
Published: May 2023

Background

In complete brachial plexus injury, phrenic nerve (PN) is frequently used in neurotization for elbow flexion restoration. The advancement in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) allows full-length PN dissection intrathoracically for direct coaptation to recipient without nerve graft.

Purpose

We report our experience in improving the surgical technique and its outcome.

Methods

Seven patients underwent PN dissection via VATS and full-length transfer to musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) or motor branch of biceps (MBB) from June 2015 to June 2018. Comparisons were made with similar group of patients who underwent conventional PN transfer.

Results

Mean age of patients was 21.9 years. All were males involved in motorcycle accidents who sustained complete brachial plexus injury. We found the elbow flexion recovery were earlier in full-length PN transfer. However, there was no statistically significant difference in elbow flexion strength at 3 years post-surgery.

Conclusion

We propose full-length PN transfer for restoration of elbow flexion in patients with delayed presentation.
A qualitative study of clinicians’ perspectives on reasons for delays in clozapine initiation
Authors: Gangadharan Dhivya , Tirupati Srinivasan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To elicit mental health clinicians’ views on the reasons for delayed initiation of clozapine treatment.

Method

Thematic analysis of transcripts from a semi-structured interview of 15 mental health clinicians.

Results

Four major themes emerged from data analysis: Patient and Carer Factors, Medication factors, Protocol factors, and Prescriber factors. Patient and carer anxiety over side effects and experience of stigma, difficulties in implementing the monitoring protocol, problems with community managing of treatment, prescriber preferences and practices, and gaps in mental health services were some of the reasons identified.

Conclusion

Education and support to patients and carers, a modified monitoring protocol, establishing clozapine clinics, improved early intervention services, and upskilling of clinicians can promote early clozapine initiation.
Monitoring the Transition Requirements of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act: A Critique and a Proposal to Expand the Performance Indicators
Authors: Etscheidt Susan Larson , Hernandez-Saca David , Kramarczuk Voulgarides Catherine
Published: May 2023

Despite extensive transition provisions in the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the post-school outcomes for students with disabilities continue to be disappointing. The IDEA designated those transition provisions as priority targets for federal and state compliance monitoring to assure that schools are attaining the goal of successful post-school transition for students with disabilities. Yet, we question if the compliance monitoring approach, indicator targets, and data collection requirements are appropriate and adequate to gauge post-school success. We provide a critical examination of the transition performance monitoring indicators and propose recommendations for policy and praxis, including culturally responsive data disaggregation by ethnicity and race. These policy proposals, coupled with effective preservice and inservice professional development praxis, will enhance successful transition outcomes for students with disabilities.
Experiences of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Recovered From COVID-19 in the Pandemic Period: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Çetinkaya Özdemir Serap , Eren Merve Gulbahar , Sert Havva , Öztürk Fatma Can
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can induce acute and chronic complications by affecting the self-management behaviors of individuals with diabetes. The objective of this study is to examine the physical, psychosocial health, and self-management experiences of type 2 diabetes patients who have recovered from COVID-19, 1 year after the infection. The study adopted a qualitative research design, specifically content analysis. In all, 14 patients with type 2 diabetes who presented to the diabetes outpatient clinic were interviewed by teleconferencing, which lasted approximately 25 to 30 minutes. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were used. Based on the participants’ responses, four main themes were determined: obstacles in activities of daily living, feeling of psychosocial problems, changes in health and treatment management, and patient self-management practices. Amid the pandemic, diabetes nurses should strive to recognize the issues that diabetes patients encounter. To assist patients, telemedicine should be leveraged, and evidence-based practices must be developed.
Single-Stage Posterior Vomerine Ostectomy and Primary Cheiloplasty in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip & Palate and Protuberant Premaxilla
Authors: Hamdan Usama S. , Younan Robert A. , Haddad Mario , Melhem Antonio M. , Najjar Wassim , Hussein Sara , Kantar Rami S. , Annan Beyhan , Johnson Adam , Liau James
Published: May 2023

Objective

A protruded premaxilla has always been challenging to care for by cleft care professionals. This study aims to fortify the use of a single-stage premaxillary setback, with posterior vomerine ostectomy and primary cheiloplasty to achieve proper care for patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and protruded premaxilla.

Design

Longitudinal retrospective analysis.

Setting

Twenty-three outreach programs to four countries (Ecuador, Lebanon, Peru, and El-Salvador) between 2016-2022.

Patients/Participants

Sixty-five patients between the ages of 3 months and 6 years and 5 months, with BCLP and severely protruded premaxilla underwent premaxillary setback via posterior vomerine ostectomy and primary cheiloplasty. Patients with diagnosed syndromes and inaccessible vomer bone due to fused palates were excluded from the study.

Interventions

Premaxillary setback with posterior vomerine ostectomy, bilateral gingivoperiosteoplasties (GPP), and primary cheiloplasty.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Postoperative complications and aesthetic outcomes.

Results

The mean age at surgery was 13.17 ± 14.1 months, with an average follow-up time of 26 ± 17 months. Patients underwent their procedures in Ecuador (72%), Peru (9%), Lebanon (8%) and El-Salvador (1%). The majority of patients were aged 1 year or less (66.7%) and were males (58.5%). All patients were operated on successfully and had good aesthetic outcomes. Only one patient developed partial necrosis.

Conclusion

Patients with BCLP and severe premaxillary protrusion have always carried immense social, psychological, and financial burdens, especially in outreach settings. Our described single-stage technique has proven to be safe and effective with good aesthetic results. Further follow-up after primary repair should be done to document and ensure proper facial growth and normal nasolabial maturation.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hamadi Rachelle , Sakr Fouad , Aridi Hussam , Alameddine Zakaria , Dimachkie Reem , Assaad Marc , Asmar Samer , ElSayegh Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a disorder originating from exposure to heparin and has a spectrum of presentation ranging from asymptomatic positive antibodies to thrombotic complications. When symptomatic, it is associated with morbidity and mortality. The incidence of HIT in the ESRD population is yet to be defined. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at particular risk due to constant exposure to heparin. The main treatment of HIT is to avoid heparin and pursue alternative anticoagulants. Since 1 of the main advantages of heparin in ESRD patients is the ease of its use due to non-renal clearance, the use of alternative anticoagulants poses yet another challenge for this population due to cost, availability, and adverse effects on ESRD patients. Argatroban seems like the best alternative to heparin in hemodialysis (HD) patients due to its liver clearance. Despite having limited studies in HIT, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were added as a potential treatment for HIT, with apixaban favored in kidney dysfunction as it is the least dependent on kidney clearance. Other treatment modalities exist but are still being studied in ESRD patients. The presence of HIT antibodies is not always associated with clinical syndrome, and some studies suggested that heparin antibodies are transient, and the reintroduction of heparin is still being evaluated as a treatment option. Hence, HIT is a challenging diagnosis in ESRD patients, a population that has frequent exposure to anticoagulants, and a risk/benefit ratio should be weighed between the risk of progression to symptomatic HIT and the benefit of switching to a non-heparin anticoagulant bearing in mind the difficulties associated with the latter.