bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of the Explosion Applications Realized with Electronic Ignition System at Different Times in the Same Field
Authors: Ercins Serdar , Şensöğüt Cem
Published: August 2020

In the modern world, the mining and construction sectors are developing rapidly and the need for engineering structures and substructures is increasing day by day. The quarries have been brought to an important place in the world within the scope of mining activities while the products needed by these structures are obtained especially from the quarries. Quarries are generally operated by forming benches according to the open pit mining method. In this production method, considering the state of geological structures in the field, the rocks (limestone, basalt, etc.) loosened by drilling and blasting applications are subjected to size reduction, loading and transportation processes. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to compare the performance of blasting applications of electronic ignition system together with developing a model that can analyze the performance of ignition systems. In the evaluation of blasting performance, issues such as bulk particle size distribution, crushing and grinding processes, environmental effects, increase in production amount after blasting and cost of blasting were taken into consideration
Programa de motores y contactores eléctricos en el aprendizaje de electrónica en Perú 2020
Authors: Albitres Falcón Edgar Percy , Vargas Aparcana Sergio Ivan , Quispe Flores Augusto Edmilio , Vega Maldonado Nancy Marilú
Published: August 2020

El estudio de investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar el programa de motores y contactores eléctricos mejora el aprendizaje de electrónica en un Centro de Educación Básica Alternativa (CEBA) Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Huaral 2020. Es de enfoque cuantitativo, de método hipotético – deductivo, tipo aplicada- explicativa, de diseño cuasi experimental. La muestra lo conformaron 30 estudiantes, los cuales 15 pertenecieron al grupo de control y 15 al grupo experimental a quienes se aplicó una prueba, en el pre y post test. Los resultados evidenciaron que, el programa de motores y contactores eléctricos mejora el aprendizaje de la electrónica, en donde un 18.3% de los estudiantes del grupo experimental se situaron en un nivel logrado, en tanto el otro grupo de control obtuvo un 13,3 % estableciéndose en el nivel de proceso. Entre los hallazgos se encontró el nivel de significancia p=0,000 menor al 0,05; del mismo modo la dimensión crea propuestas de valor, trabajo cooperativo y habilidades técnicas. Se concluyó que al aplicar el programa de motores y contactores eléctricos, el aprendizaje de la electrónica mejoró.
La enseñanza del diseño de la vivienda en el siglo XXI y la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Vargas Aparcana Sergio Ivan , Vásquez Custodio Esperanza Estela , Albitres Falcón Edgar Percy , Vega Maldonado Nancy Marilú
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo pretende analizar la problemática de la enseñanza del diseño de la vivienda en la educación superior en tiempos del COVID-19. Para ello se centrará en analizar una serie de casos de estudio para entender la problemática de la vivienda a nivel general y para entender las condiciones en las que se enseña esta temática, bajo los nuevos lineamientos dados como consecuencia de la pandemia del Covid-19. Por ello, toma como punto de partida el análisis de las viviendas autoconstruidas en el Cono Norte de Lima para luego dar cuenta de los profesionales encargados de trabajar con esta problemática, analizando la enseñanza que se les imparte en la educación superior como parte de sus estudios de arquitectura, en la búsqueda de formar personas capacitadas que puedan entender la verdadera magnitud de esta situación y plantear alternativas. Además, se aborda el tema de la enseñanza de la vivienda a estos profesionales tomando como consideraciones las nuevas condicionantes que se plantean en el Siglo XXI como producto de la pandemia del Coronavirus qué van a condicionar a la vivienda y la enseñanza de la vivienda. Finalmente, se concluye que los principales problemas que agravan a las viviendas informales son la vulnerabilidad y la habitabilidad dos parámetros que han de condicionar la seguridad física de la vivienda y sus condiciones de uso. Además, que existe una falta de criterios y pedagogías por parte de los profesionales que ejercen la labor de la enseñanza en las universidades y esto se hace muy notorio en carreras más demandantes como arquitectura.
John Updike’s Terrorist: Islamist Misogyny or a Backlash on American Feminist Propaganda?
Authors: Al-Galissy Waleed , Jadhav Bhagwan S.
Published: August 2020

The United States of America launched its war on terror in October, 2001. The war was declared both as a fight againstterrorism and a mission to liberate the powerless, oppressed Muslim women. The Orientalist representation of Muslimwomen as a victim of their misogynistic culture is observed to have been re-invented by this twin rhetoric of war on terror ofthe American Government. Following the assumption that American literary artists would devote their artistic talent insupport of their government, critics and scholars have excessively approached post 9/11 literature through Edward Said’stheory of Orientalism. While it is true that some American artists represent the conflict to be between two civilizations(modern vs backward), but the theory affect has made it difficult to imagine a western literary depiction without anOrientalist lens. Consequently, western texts become vulnerable to misunderstanding or biased reading. John Updike’sTerrorist (2006), for example, has been read as an Orientalist text in which women are used to depict Muslim frustrationtoward women liberation. Focusing on the representation of women, this article explores Updike’s text as a backlash onAmerican feminist politicized discourse, a new strategy of narrative to encounter the dominant narrative and challenge thetradition of Orientalism.
An Analysis on Domestic Violence (Offence and Punishment) Act of Nepal, 2009
Authors: K. C. Ankita
Published: August 2020

Women have always been an object of gross and severe violence at the hands of man. The biological weakness of a woman makes her an easy prey to all and sundry. She often is a victim of physical and mental violence not only outside her home but also inside it. Every society accepting the importance of equality of sexes has therefore, made affirmative provisions against gender discrimination. However, in spite of the enactment of these kinds of provisions, equality between men and women continues to be an elusive goal. Hence, women are deprived of basic freedom and thereby are easily exposed to exploitation. This has led violence against women to be a global phenomenon. Violence against women has been gradually recognized to be an important aspect of human rights violation of women. The author this article tries to highlight the concept of violence against women, analyzing the legislative tools available dealing with the violence against women. The author compares the domestic laws dealing on the violence against women with the international tools and draws the attention on the lacunas of domestic laws. The author also recommends what need to be done in future to address the aspect of violence against women in an effective way.
Toward Geopolitics of Hope
Authors: Tripathi Dhananjay
Published: August 2020

No Abstract.
OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Mohanty Karuvaki , Subhankar Sudatta
Published: August 2020

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles of Corporate Governance comprises of certain elements of corporate governance significant for the purpose of managing a corporation. It ensures good corporate governance in the OECD as well as the non-OECD countries. It came into existence for the reconstruction of a devastated market system by application of US-financed Marshall Plan after World War II. The first set of OECD principles on good corporate governance were published in 1999 and revised in 2004. It includes the rights and treatment of shareholders, the role of stakeholders in corporate governance and their rights and responsibility of the board for disclosures and maintenance of transparency. These principles have been used extensively for framing a policy dialogue for the purpose of promoting regional corporate governance reforms and roundtables in non- OECD member countries as well. Since 1995, India has been associated with OECD, as non-member economy. The corporate governance code of India has major provisions in compliance with the OECD principles. These principles can be criticized on the basis of certain issues such as its convergence towards the anglo-American way of corporate governance, the share-holder’s primacy form of governance which negates the stakeholders’ interest. But on the other hand, these principles alter the corporate governance systems of the countries to attract and suit foreign investors. Besides its adoption, proper implementation is essential, which includes having a proper corporate governance code, an audit committee, principle of accountability and director’s responsibility of acting with due diligence and proper care.
Trans-Boundary Harm: A Primer on International Environmental Jurisprudence
Authors: Sharma Rangam , Mathur Anisha
Published: August 2020

The paper discusses international jurisprudence in the regime of transboundary harm. Principles of good neighbourliness, due diligence and precaution are major guidelines forwarded by international jurisprudence dealing with trans-boundary problems. The paper examines the current status quo of customary and conventional international law that acts as a tool to combat trans-boundary harm. The paper ponders into the issues of territorial sovereignty, doctrine of necessity and conventional obligations to prevent transboundary harm making extensive use of the judicial and arbitral decisions to throw light on the existing regulations and obligation. The paper concludes that effects of customs, conventions, treaties and other international instruments have led to establishment of effective mechanism to determine the liability and the quantum of liability.
Human Rights and Financial Institutions: Pinning the Responsibility
Authors: Modani Nidhi
Published: August 2020

This paper is a study of the possible human right obligations of international financial institutions. As financial institutions have not been looked upon as agencies influencing or influenced by human rights, this study becomes significant. The study is limited to international financial institutions, with a special focus on the World Bank (hereinafter ‘Bank’) and the International Monetary Fund (hereinafter ‘Fund’ or ‘IMF’). 2 Further, there is a special focus on developing nations.3
Rights Protection Regime for Internally Displaced Women and Children: Towards the Formation of A Metaframework
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rathin , Das Chandrani
Published: August 2020

In the contemporary world, defining development has been a quagmire. This paper is an effort towards understanding the dilemma of internally displaced women and children, the questions of rehabilitation, resettlement, and reparation, while in the proces s, trying to draw useful and legitimate distinctions between the economic and social rights of internally displaced women and children due to communal violence, large scale projects, and natural disaster. The study is focused on the larger issues involved in development projects, making a comparative cost benefit analysis of the development on the social and individual welfare and the long term impact thereon. The paper envisages an insight to the projects, specifically on the physical forms of development, i.e. projects which require land expropriation and call for displacement by decree. Noticeably, such catastrophic development projects cause upheaval and displacement of communities. The paper scrutinizes such projects, including Dams, Industrialization, Mining (natural resource extraction), distributive policies, and other mega infrastructural projects, besides the lop-sided Disaster Management and reconstruction programs that cause misery to the masses in case of Natural disaster, looking on to the greater policy issues related to displacement, rehabilitation and the consequences thereof, especially on the women and children.
The Rule of Causa Proxima as a Principle of Insurance
Authors: Sahu Manjeet Kumar
Published: August 2020

The rule of Causa promixa (proximate cause) is derived from a latin phrase causa proxima non remota spectator (the immediate, and not the remote cause is to be considered). This article highlights the significance of the rule of causa proxima which is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred and whether it is indeed a result of an insured peril. It primarily discusses about the emphasis laid on the test of proximate cause in Insurance Law, in order to identify the causation of the loss or damage. It makes an effort to substantiate the subject matter by looking into the trends of interpretation of the rule, including in countries like the United Kingdom, the United States, India and Canada.
Is Anti-Floor Crossing Law in Bangladesh Contrary to the Spirit of the Constitution of Bangladesh? An Inquiry
Authors: Karim Sheikh Mohammad Towhidul
Published: August 2020

Anti-floor crossing laws existing in many commonwealth countries, and are criticized for being a hindrance in ensuring rule of law in parliamentary democracy. This paper reviews the anti-floor crossing laws of Bangladesh, with a view that the anti-floor crossing laws are inherently undemocratic, stifle free speech and freedom of association, and endanger the opinion of people. It explains how it poses restrictions on the members of the parliament (MPs), who cannot represent their constituents. It elaborates specifically why and how often legislators switch parties, and also makes a comparative study with the United Kingdom. It also reflects on some backlashes that floor crossing laws might result in, and provides recommendations on how they might be practically and logically mitigated by the parliament.
China South Asia Connectivity: Reflections on Benefits of OBOR in Nepal from International Law Perspective
Authors: Sangroula Yubaraj
Published: August 2020

No Abstract.
Post-Earthquake Resurrection: Jurisprudential Diagnosis from the Standpoint of the Earthquake Victims
Authors: Shrestha Anil Kumar
Published: August 2020

Natural disaster is an ongoing phenomenon and among many, the earthquake is one. Nepal holds 11th position in the world as an earthquake prone country because of its geological formations. This paper endeavours to analyse the ongoing reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts taken by Nepal Government after the massive earthquake of 2015. The quest of Building Back Better (BBB) under the resurrection schemes for families, whose houses have been collapsed and challenges are encountered per se, following the statutory enactment and underlying opportunity and threats have been diagnosed in this paper. This study is based upon the field research done in course of conducting 90 different Community Mobile Legal Clinics (CMLCs) in the house of the earthquake victims in three most crisis hit districts i.e. Sindhupalchwok, Gorkha and Bhaktapur, where these clinics were designed to meet triad objectives of legal awareness, consultations and legal aids. The study further attempts to reflect the functions of National Reconstruction Authority for excelling the pace of reconstruction.
Right to Education and Employment: A Step Towards Empowering Transgender Community
Authors: Vats Naresh Kumar , Purohit Megha
Published: August 2020

The term Transgender is generally used to refer to those people who do not incarcerate themselves into the socially constructed gender norms i.e. male or female. Despite having international instruments and constitutionalprovisions on safeguarding the right to equality of all persons, still transgendered people face social stigma in every aspect of their lives. They face numerous overlapping challenges, specifically discrimination in education and employment. Even while looking at the Vedic period, there was less recognition to eunuchs but during the Mughal period, they were enjoying the position as guardians of harems. They were alsogiven the privilege of guarding the holy places which they lost during the British period. They continue to face harassment on many occasions besides bullying at school and workplace. Now, India is still struggling to pass a Bill on Rights of transgendered ensuring to bring them into the mainstream of society. The right to education and employment, which are enshrined as a human right in the International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights, applies to all people irrespective of their sexual orientationbut due to prevalent social stigma and people’s attitude, the transgender community is facing various challenges. Hence, the paper is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview on rights of education and employment of transgendered members. The approach in the paper is analytical and descriptive involving qualitative methodology. The study engages the internal and external desk-based research limited to specific rights to education and employment to the third gendered people.
The Extra-Territorial Applicability of the Principle of Non-Refoulement and Its Interception with Human Rights Law
Authors: Lamichhane Shishir
Published: August 2020

The varying nature in treatment of refugees before and after the cold war is quite observable from the perspective of the ideological differences. The interest of asylum seekers was hardly promoted and protected in the absence of uniform state practices. It was further more affected because of non-reconciliation of the principle of non-refoulement and right of individuals to seek asylum. The paper talks about the challenges of the European Countries in framing policies and mechanisms to address the dysfunctionality of the refugee system. The paper further discusses the significance of international instruments and the extraterritorial application of those instruments along with mechanisms to address the problem of therefugees. The paper emphasizes on the duty of the states to take steps to ensure that the refugees must have 'protection somewhere' adhering to the principle of sharing burden/responsibility and to have a greater solidarity among the states.
Emergence of Principle of Sic Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non-Laedes in Environmental Law and Its Endorsement by International and National Courts: An Assessment
Authors: Subramanya T. R. , Sarker Shuvro Prosun
Published: August 2020

The maxim of sic utere tuo ut alienum non-laedes (use your own property in such a way that you do not injure that of another) has been recognized as a fundamental principal of law both in Roman and common law systems. In international law, this principle acts as a limitation on the sovereignty of a State. It is a settled principle of international law that a State has the sovereign right to exercise the basic functions of a state.1 But then the exercise of this right is subject to certain limitations. One limitation is that the state cannot allow certain activities to interfere with the sovereignty of other states. A state will be found liable under international law if the consequences of activities within that state’s control seriously injure persons or property of other states. This principle over a period of time has come to be known as the “no harm rule”. According to this principle, a state isanswerable even for acts of a private person who is under that state’s control.2 State practices clearly show that the laws governing state responsibility will apply to injuries arising out of hazardous activities which are within a state’s control because the riskof consequences posed by such hazardous activities are serious, regardless of their legality within the individual state.3
Rohingya’s Genocide: Human Rights and Politics
Authors: Tomar Prachi , Pandey Aditya
Published: August 2020

The Rohingya’s most persecuted ethnic minority, practicing Sunni Islam, traces their origin from Arakan kingdom. The present democratic government of Myanmar and previous military junta have practiced ethnic cleansing and denies to grant citizenship to Rohingya’s making them stateless. There has been great violation against this ethnic group by the Myanmar government in one or the other way like restriction on freedom of movement religious choice, unemployment, education, marriage and family planning. On the contrary the present de facto leader of Myanmar has totally denied such ethnic cleansing and brushed away the criticism of her not handling the crisis. This paper tries to understand the dynamics and severity involved, the origin of the ethnic tension, the exclusionary policies of the government and also examines the abuse, discrimination and gross human rights violation of Rohingya Muslims which leads to the politicization of the issue and vice-versa i.e. how politicization of the issue leads to gross human rights violation. This paper further analyzes the pattern of violation, international politics and the political and economic interest vested which contributed to forced displacement in Myanmar not only of the Rohingya’s but other minorities like the Shan, the Kachin, the Karen and how this crisis has fi red up the political debate in the neighboring countries and has become a political contention and concludes with recommendation to be taken by the government and international organization to improve the situation of the minorities in Myanmar.
Cultural Dimension of Rule of Law and Social Episteme
Authors: Sangroula Yubaraj
Published: August 2020

Rule of Law, despite being subject to wide attention and acceptance without any dispute, has enough ground to be critically analyzed from dimension and dynamism of the cultural practice of every concerned country adhering to the norm. Since social episteme of the country is perfectly and variably unique to each other, no exact notion regarding rule of law can be imported and exported like a business commodity. Thus, this paper, in detail, sheds ideas on difference of rule of law in oriental and occidental jurisprudence. Deeming the harmonious society with stable peace as fi nal outcome of rule of law, this very paper builds an alternatively concrete insight on rule of law that befi ts the change of time and essence of divergent societies.
Increasing Status of Criminal Gangs in Post-conflict Nepal: The Case of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: K. C. Dipesh Kumar
Published: August 2020

The paper has objectives: to explain the gang phenomenon in Kathmandu Valley, their causes of effectiveness, the politicization of criminal gangs in the post-conflict situation, and the counter-product of governmental intervention. It has discussed the present challenges that the Valley has been facing, and possibilities of future challenges it has to confront. Youths’ identity crisis, social opportunities, rapid urbanization and incorrect approaches to gangs’ suppression are the key frameworks to find out the causes behind the criminal gangs being increasingly active in Kathmandu Valley. Interestingly, marginalized and suppressed social members feel secure and protected in the gang. The researcher has identified that the criminal gangs are the social fact of the rapidly urbanized society of the Kathmandu Valley where prevention policies have been neglected a lot. As a result, suppression policies have failed, thus, the new forms of gang-related crimes have emerged and expanded far and huge.
MANAGEMENT OF SHALYAJ NADIVRAN BY MODIFIED KSHARASUTRA W.S.R. TO PILONIDAL SINUS
Authors: Dwivedi Amarprakash  , Archana Kumari
Published: August 2020

Pilonidal sinus is a disease that most commonly arises in the hair follicles of the natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal. Incidence is more common in men as they are hairier than women. The factor which increases the risk of pilonidal sinus is continuous sitting, obesity, sedentary occupation, family history, local trauma. The surgical management commonly practiced are included incision and drainage, excision and primary closure, excision and healing by secondary intention, excision with reconstructive flap technique (Bascom’s method). However, the risk of recurrence or of developing an infection of the wound after the operation is high. In Ayurveda as clinical features, the pathology of Pilonidal sinus and Shalyaj nadivrana described in Sushruta Samhita are very much similar to each other we can correlate with Shalyaj type of Vrana with Pilonidal sinus. Sushruta has explained Shastrakarma with the intervention of ‘Ksharsutra’ procedure for the management of Nadi vran (PNS). This case study was presented on a male patient aged 39 years. He was suffering from pilonidal sinus for 9 months and treated successfully with partial sinus excision along with Ksharsutra therapy. Partial sinus excision followed by Ksharsutra ligation in the remaining intact tract was performed under local anaesthesia. The Ksharasutra was changed weekly for 3 sittings. Observation revealed that sinus track cut through and healed by 5 weeks. The patient was under observation for one year to check for recurrence. Ksharasutra treatment not only minimizes complications and recurrences, causing minimal scar but also facilitates the patient to resume early working with less discomfort as well as reduced time and cost.
TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF AYURVEDA FORMULATIONS TO MANAGE THE SWITRA (VITILIGO)- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Jitendra Varsakiya  , Alisha  , Divyarani Kathad
Published: August 2020

The beauty and attraction of individual depends upon skin health including physical and psychological health. Switra is the common depigmentation disorder described among the varieties of Kustha (Integumentary diseases) in Ayurvedic classics. Switra is correlated with Vitiligo to certain extent in contemporary system of medicine. Vitiligo is a common disorder of unknown aetiology even today. It is an acquired condition in which circumscribed de-pigmented patches develops. Hence, the present clinical trial was planned to assess the role of treatment through Ayurveda in the case of Switra (Vitiligo). A case of 26 years old male came to CBPACS, Kayachikitsa special OPD with complaint of white patches in body (Scalp, abdomen, face, back region) neither scaling nor itching since 1 year. Examination, investigations and history leads to diagnosis of Switra. Patient was treated with internal administration of Arogyavardhini Vati, Mahamanjisthadi Kwath with Triphala Churna and local application of Jatyadi Taila mixed with Bakuchi Churna along with Pathyapathya. The effect of the therapy was assessed by the signs and symptoms before and after the treatment. The treatment modalities done showed marked improvement in the patient signs and symptoms and hence, treatment through Ayurveda has effective results in the management of Switra (Vitiligo).
AYURVEDIC REVIEW ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HRIDROGA WITH THE SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Deepti Sharma  , Udai Raj Saroj  , Abhishek Upadhyay  , Binod Kumar Singh
Published: August 2020

According to AcharyaSushruta, in the presence of the Etiological factors the dosha get vitiated and provoked all the three Doshas spread out of their place and vitiate the RasaDhatu in the heart. Vitiate Rasa Dhatu (body lymph /chyle) manifestation of various types of pain is being produced, which is called ‘Hridbadha’ or Hridroga. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of global death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. Aim and objectives-Diagnosis and treatment of Hridroga through Ayurveda and its modern correlation.Mode ofAction of Hridyadrugs promoting heart’s health.Improper diet (excessive intake of Kshar, Lavana Rasa, Virudahbhojana) and Vegadharna, Chinta,Krodhaetc. are few among the many causes of Hridroga. In understanding symptomology of cardiovasculardisorder, it should be noted thatVaivarnya (Panduta /Shweta/Shyava) can be correlated to pallor and cyanosis, Murcchato Syncope, Kasato cough with or without Hemoptysis, Shwasato breathlessness or dyspnea, Ruja to Chest pain or discomfort. Drugs used in various formulations in Hridrogahaveproperties like Pachana, Deepana, Hridya, Anulomana,Rasayana and Krimihara.So, in present article an effort has been made to explain the heart disease and its management through Ayurveda as well as modern medicine.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management with Capital Structure as Intervening Variable
Authors: Audina Nur Meida
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of corporate governance on earnings management with capital structure as an intervening variable in Islamic commercial banks registered in the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2014-2018 period. This research uses quantitative research by using multiple linear regression and path analysis as data analysis. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data on Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2014-2018 period. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using SPSS 23 devices. The population in this study are all Islamic commercial banks registered at the Financial Services Authority (OJK) during the 2014-2018 period. The sampling method is done by purposive sampling that is by using several criteria to obtain 12 Islamic banks that are used as research samples. The results of this study indicate that managerial ownership, institutional ownership and audit committee have no effect on earnings management. Managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committee do not affect the capital structure. Capital structure cannot mediate the relationship between managerial ownership, institutional ownership and earnings management.
Tax Avoidance of Mining Companies From the Return on Assets, Institutional Ownership, and Audit Committee Perspectives
Authors: Murdijaningsih Tjahjani , Solihah Maratus , Danuta Krisnhoe Sukma
Published: August 2020

Taxes are the largest state revenue, but tax companies are a burden that can reduce profits received by shareholders. Then in 2019 tax revenue from the mining sector in 2019 experienced a significant decline. Based on this, this study aims to see how the level of profitability of companies, institutional ownership and audit committees affect mining companies in avoiding taxes. By using 19 company samples for the 2016-2018 period, researchers found that profitability and audit committees could increase corporate tax avoidance. whereas institutional ownership has no influence on tax avoidance.
The Relationship Between Education, Training, and Civil Servant Lecturers Competency
Authors: Napitupulu Reimond Hasangapan Mikkael
Published: August 2020

Research Objectives - The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual work agreements that discuss the relationship between the following constructs: Education and Training, Commitment of PNS DPK LLDIKTI IV Lecturers in West Java and Banten. Data collection was a survey of a sample of Civil Servant Lecturers in LLDIKTI IV West Java and Banten. Structural equation modeling is used as a tool for analyze hypothetical relationships. Research limitations/ implications - This research is limited to PNS Regional Civil Servant Lecturers IV West Java and Banten, especially Lecturers who have Functional Position Lecturers. While these findings remain valid, they cannot be used for universal generalizations. This study has significant theoretical and implications. Findings - This paper offers original findings through the simultaneous inviting relationship between Education and Training, Competency of PNS Lecturer DPK LLDIKTI IV West Java and Banten
La explotación de los Big Data en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Naseiro Ramudo Ana
Published: August 2020

En estos días convulsos que nos ha tocado vivir de crisis pandémica estamos asistiendo a un crecimiento sin precedentes del volumen informativo, así como a una globalización de los datos y de la información de carácter público, que se manifiesta a nivel internacional con el empleo masivo de datos e información para la formación de noticias y estadísticas inmediatas y diarias que son de un interés, que ha crecido significativamente a nivel público y general. En este escenario juega un papel fundamental el mundo de los Big data y su utilización.
Didáctica y aprendizaje (significativo), un proceso centrado en el estudiante y su contexto
Authors: Alzate Ortiz Faber Andrés , Sierra Cadavid Milton Esteban , López Herrera Yolanda , Sánchez Muñiz Martha Daniela
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo de revisión teórica aborda temas relacionados con el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje como el aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel y su relación con el contexto, así como estrategias didácticas que apoyen a dicho proceso, dos de las estrategias desarrolladas son el aprendizaje basado en proyectos colaborativos (ABPBC) y el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), el desarrollo de estas estrategias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ayudarán a la formación de aprendizajes significativos debido a la conexión e interacción que tienen con el contexto y las experiencias previamente y posteriormente al proceso didáctico. La teoría sociohistórica- cultural de Vigotsky resalta la importancia de tomar en cuenta las experiencias previas de un estudiante en el proceso educativo, los estudiantes traen consigo experiencias, expectativas y necesidades que su contexto y la sociedad les han otorgado, estas necesidades pasarán a ser responsabilidad de la educación, el ABP preparará al estudiante para en un futuro afrontar y solucionar esas necesidades. Vigotsky también hace mención de la importancia del contexto educativo y plantea cómo la convivencia e interacción con compañeros y docentes permitirá un intercambió de significados que llevarán al estudiante a modificar o cambiar los significados que él tenía, tomando como referencia la definición de Segura y Bejarano (2003) para lograr un aprendizaje.
KRITIK NALAR AL-JABIRI ; BAYANI, IRFANI DAN BURHANI DALAM MEMBANGUN ISLAMIC STUDIES INTEGRASI-INTERKONEKSI
Authors: Muhammadun Muhammadun
Published: August 2020

Perumusan penalaran dalam agama, serta reformulasi rasionalismenya, harus berdasar pada prinsip-prinsip doktrinal, secara jelas mempunyai tujuan dan maksud tertentu, yakni ditujukan oleh pembuat syari’ah (Allah dan Rasul-Nya) kepada manusia yang pada akhirnya membawa manusia kepada nilai-nilai kebijkan (al-fadilah). Intinya menurut al-Jabiri bahwa gagasan “maqasid asy-syari’ah” dalam disiplin ilmu-ilmu agama sebanding dengan gagasan “hukum-hukum kausalitas di alam ini” dalam disiplin filsafat.Dengan demikian, penataan ulang ini memberikan landasan ulang terhadap hubungan antara bayani dan burhani yang didasarkan pada pradigma rasional-empiris, artinya realitas agama dan realitas filsafat dikaji dengan semangat rasional-kritis dan empiris, hal ini bertujuan agar para pakar dapat menjaga kandungan keduanya (agama dan filsafat) dan merekonstruksinya kembali. Inilah arah baru dalam cakrawala sistem pegetahuan di dunia Arab-Islam.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A improves diabetes-induced renal fibrosis
Authors: Li Qihui , Li Fan , Chen Zhongpei , Deng Suntian , Cao Xinli , Tang Nengyuan
Published: August 2020

Introduction

This study aimed to discuss the use of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) to improve renal fibrosis induced by diabetes and its relative mechanisms, as well as to evaluate the level of renal histopathology and fibrosis in different rat groups.

Material and methods

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 27) were divided into the normal control (NC), diabetes mellitus (DM), and HSYA groups. The miRNA-140-5p mRNA, blood glucose (BG), 24-h urine protein (UP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in different groups. Moreover, the relative protein expression was measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. In the in vitro cell experiment, we discussed the effects of miRNA-140-5p on renal fibrosis induced by diabetes. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor B (p65) (NF-κB(p65)), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Notch2, and collagen IV (Col-IV) protein expression were evaluated using western blotting in the different cell groups. We evaluated the important protein expressions and NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume by cellular immunofluorescence. A correlation between miRNA-140-5p and TLR4 was found by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

In the in vivo study, HSYA improved diabetes-induced renal fibrosis. The severity of fibrosis significantly decreased after treatment with HSYA. In the HSYA group, the miRNA-140-5p mRNA, BG, 24-h UP, TC, TG, T-AOC, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly improved, as well as the TLR4, NF-κB(p65), NLRP3, Notch2, and Col-IV proteins. In the in vitro experiment, miRNA-140-5p was significantly decreased after treatment with HSYA in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.

Conclusions

HSYA improved diabetes-induced renal fibrosis by regulating miRNA-140-5p.
Comparison of the effectiveness of penicillin and broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Berce Vojko , Tomazin Maja , Jerele Erika , Cugmas Maša , Berce Maša , Gorenjak Mario
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is caused mostly by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The resistance of pneumococci to penicillin is increasing. However, most guidelines still prefer treatment with narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Therefore, we compared the effect of intravenous treatment with penicillin and broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics in children with CAP. The objective of our study was to assess the eligibility of treatment of bacterial CAP with intravenous penicillin.

Material and methods

We performed a prospective study and included 136 children hospitalised because of bacterial CAP. Patients were treated intravenously with either penicillin G or broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic monotherapy. Lung ultrasound and blood tests were performed at admission and after 2 days of treatment. The time interval from the application of antibiotics to permanent defervescence was recorded.

Results

Eighty-seven (64.0%) patients were treated with penicillin G, and 49 (36.0%) were treated with broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. The median time to persistent defervescence was 5 h in the penicillin group and 8 h in the broad-spectrum group (p = 0.18). There were no significant differences between the treatment regimens regarding the effect on the consolidation sizes or C-reactive protein levels. However, the decrease in the white blood cell count was marginally greater in the penicillin treatment group (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

We have shown that penicillin is as effective as broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial CAP in children. Although the resistance of pneumococci to antibiotics is increasing, clinicians should still use penicillin and other narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial CAP in children.
COVID-19 severity scoring systems in radiological imaging – a review
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr G. , Mruk Bartosz , Mazur Samuel , Półtorak-Szymczak Gabriela , Sklinda Katarzyna , Walecki Jerzy
Published: August 2020

The current reference standard to make a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the reverse transcription-

polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-PCR). However, radiological imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating the course of COVID-19 and in choosing proper management of infected patients. Chest X-ray (CXR) is generally considered not to be sensitive for the detection of pulmonary abnormalities in the early stage of the disease. However, in the emergency setting CXR can be a useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the rapid progression of lung involvement in COVID-19, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units. The rapid course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity and progression of lung aberrations require a method of radiological evaluation to implement and manage the appropriate treatment for infected patients. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is considered to be the most effective method for the detection of lung abnormalities, especially in the early stage of the disease. Moreover, serial chest CT imaging with different time intervals is also effective in estimating the evolution of the disease from initial diagnosis to discharge from hospital. Despite having low specificity in distinguishing abnormalities in viral infections, the high sensitivity of CT makes this method ideal for assessing the severity of the disease in patients with confirmed COVID-19.
Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia
Authors: Lee Eun
Published: August 2020

Sleep disturbances, including not being able to fall asleep easily/difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently, or waking up too early and being unable to fall asleep again/resume sleep are diagnosed as insomnia if they cause significant disruption to daily life and are not caused by other sleep disorders such as pain or sleep apnea. Although insomnia is not considered a serious life-threatening condition, it has not only a high prevalence rate but also a high recurrence rate and tends to become chronic. Chronic insomnia patients tend to show common behavioral and cognitive patterns, typical of which are worrying about not being able to fall or stay asleep, excessive awakening because of this worry, limiting and reducing daytime activities or attempting to stay in bed for long periods to compensate for lack of sleep. These cognitive and behavioral characteristics are important contributing factors for the continuation of insomnia. To date, the most popular and effective treatment option/approach recommended by experts for insomnia is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT for insomnia consists of the following three non-pharmaceutical treatment elements: 1) behavioral elements such as stimulus control therapy, sleep restriction therapy, and muscle relaxation, 2) cognitive elements, and 3) educational elements focusing on sleep hygiene. However, there are barriers to insomnia patients receiving this treatment including accessibility and cost, despite the abundance of evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. Recently, online CBT for insomnia has become available as an alternative, and its emergence is providing a solution to the barriers to access.
Aerosol concentrations variability over China: two distinct leading modes
Authors: Feng Juan , Zhu Jianlei , Li Jianping , Liao Hong
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Understanding the variability in aerosol concentrations (ACs) over China is a scientific challenge and is of practical importance. The present study explored the month-to-month variability in ACs over China based on simulations of an atmospheric chemical transport model with a fixed emissions level. The month-to-month variability in ACs over China is dominated by two principal modes: the first leading monopole mode and the second meridional dipole mode. The monopole mode mainly indicates enhanced ACs over eastern China, and the dipole mode displays a south–north out-of-phase pattern. The two leading modes are associated with different climatic systems. The monopole mode relates to the 3 months leading the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while the dipole mode connects with the simultaneous variation in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM). The associated anomalous dynamic and thermal impacts of the two climatic variabilities are examined to explain their contributions to the formation of the two modes. For the monopole mode, the preceding ENSO is associated with anomalous convergence, decreased planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), and negative temperature anomalies over eastern China, which are unfavorable for emissions. For the dipole mode, the positive NAO is accompanied by opposite anomalies in the convergence, PBLH, and temperature over southern and northern China, paralleling the spatial formation of the mode. This result suggests that the variations originating from the tropical Pacific and extratropical atmospheric systems contribute to the dominant variabilities of ACs over China.
Elemental analysis of Oxygenated Organic Coating on Black Carbon Particles using a Soot-Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Ma Mutian , Rivellini Laura-Hélèna , Cui YuXi , Willis Megan D. , Wilkie Rio , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Wang Junfeng , Ge Xinlei , Lee Alex K. Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Chemical characterization of organic coatings is important to advance our understanding of the physio-chemical properties and environmental fate of black carbon (BC) particles. The soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) has been utilized for this purpose in recent field studies. The laser vaporization (LV) scheme of SP-AMS can heat BC cores gradually until they are completely vaporized, during which organic coatings can be vaporized at temperatures lower than that of the thermal vaporizer (TV) used in a standard high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) that employs flash vaporization. This work investigates the effects of vaporization schemes on fragmentation and elemental analysis of known oxygenated organic species using three SP-AMS instruments. We show that LV can reduce fragmentation of organic molecules. Substantial enhancement of C2H3O+/CO2+ and C2H4O2+ signals was observed for most of the tested species when the LV scheme was used, suggesting that the observational frameworks based using HR-ToF-AMS field data may not be directly applicable for evaluating the chemical evolution of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components coated on ambient BC particles. The uncertainties of H:C and O:C determined by the improved-ambient (I-A) method for both LV and TV approaches were similar, with scaling factors of 1.10 for H:C and 0.89 for O:C were determined to facilitate more direct comparisons between observations from the two vaporization schemes. Furthermore, the I-A method was updated based on the multilinear regression model for the LV scheme measurements. The updated parameters can reduce the relative errors of O:C from −26.3 % to 5.8 %, whereas the relative errors of H:C remain roughly the same. Applying the scaling factors and the updated parameters for the I-A method to ambient data, we found that even though the time series of OOA components determined by the LV and TV schemes are strongly correlated at the same location, OOA coatings were likely less oxygenated compared to those externally mixed with BC.