bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Active Ingredients of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in Combatting Sarcopenia: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Ullah Amin , Bo Yacong , Li Jiangtao , Li Jinjie , Khatun Pipasha , Lyu Quanjun , Kou Guangning
Published: October 2024

Sarcopenia is a systemic medical disorder characterized by a gradual decline in muscular strength, function, and skeletal muscle mass. Currently, there is no medication specifically approved for the treatment of this condition. Therefore, the identification of new pharmacological targets may offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The current in silico study investigated the active ingredients and the mode of action of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) in addressing sarcopenia. The active ingredients of CRP and the potential targets of CRP and sarcopenia were determined using various databases. The STRING platform was utilized to construct a protein–protein interaction network, and the key intersecting targets were enriched through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. Molecular docking was used to determine the binding interactions of the active ingredients with the hub targets. The binding affinities obtained from molecular docking were subsequently validated through molecular dynamics simulation analyses. Five active ingredients and 45 key intersecting targets between CRP and sarcopenia were identified. AKT1, IL6, TP53, MMP9, ESR1, NFKB1, MTOR, IGF1R, ALB, and NFE2L2 were identified as the hub targets with the highest degree node in the protein–protein interaction network. The results indicated that the targets were mainly enriched in PIK3-AKT, HIF-1, and longevity-regulating pathways. The active ingredients showed a greater interaction affinity with the hub targets, as indicated by the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings suggest that the active ingredients of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, particularly Sitosterol and Hesperetin, have the potential to improve sarcopenia by interacting with AKT1 and MTOR proteins through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
The Role of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA in Fetal Development
Authors: Oguntoyinbo Ifetoluwani Oluwadunsin , Goyal Ravi
Published: October 2024

The role of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in fetal development has emerged as a significant area of study, challenging the traditional protein-centric view of gene expression. While messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have long been recognized for their role in encoding proteins, recent advances have illuminated the critical functions of lincRNAs in various biological processes. Initially identified through high-throughput sequencing technologies, lincRNAs are transcribed from intergenic regions between protein-coding genes and exhibit unique regulatory functions. Unlike mRNAs, lincRNAs are involved in complex interactions with chromatin and chromatin-modifying complexes, influencing gene expression and chromatin structure. LincRNAs are pivotal in regulating tissue-specific development and embryogenesis. For example, they are crucial for proper cardiac, neural, and reproductive system development, with specific lincRNAs being associated with organogenesis and differentiation processes. Their roles in embryonic development include regulating transcription factors and modulating chromatin states, which are essential for maintaining developmental programs and cellular identity. Studies using RNA sequencing and genetic knockout models have highlighted the importance of lincRNAs in processes such as cell differentiation, tissue patterning, and organ development. Despite their functional significance, the comprehensive annotation and understanding of lincRNAs remain limited. Ongoing research aims to elucidate their mechanisms of action and potential applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. This review summarizes current knowledge on the functional roles of lincRNAs in fetal development, emphasizing their contributions to tissue-specific gene regulation and developmental processes.
Dietary Antioxidants and Natural Compounds in Preventing Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Giurranna Elvira , Nencini Francesca , Bettiol Alessandra , Borghi Serena , Argento Flavia Rita , Emmi Giacomo , Silvestri Elena , Taddei Niccolò , Fiorillo Claudia , Becatti Matteo
Published: October 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and coagulation abnormalities, promoting thrombus formation. Given the growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to modulate oxidative stress, we examine the potential of various dietary interventions and antioxidant supplementation in reducing oxidative damage and preventing thrombotic events. Key dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and ketogenic diets, as well as antioxidant-rich supplements like curcumin, selenium, and polyphenols, demonstrate promising effects in improving oxidative stress markers, lipid profiles, and inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent advances in the field, drawing from in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical studies, and underscores the importance of integrating dietary strategies into preventive and therapeutic approaches for managing thrombosis and cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to better understand long-term effects and personalize these interventions for optimizing patient outcomes.
Biological Characteristics of the Cytochrome P 450 Family and the Mechanism of Terpinolene Metabolism in Hyalomma asiaticum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Li Caishan , Zhao Xueqing , Liu Wenlong , Wen Licui , Deng Yuqian , Shi Wenyu , Zhou Na , Song Ruiqi , Hu Ercha , Guo Qingyong , Gailike Bayinchahan
Published: October 2024

The CYP450 enzyme is a superfamily enzyme ubiquitously found in nearly all organisms, playing a vital role in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous compounds, and in biosynthesis. Unfortunately, an understanding of its classification, functions, expression characteristics, and other biological traits in Hyalomma asiaticum, a vector for Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, as well as of the genes implicated in its natural product metabolism, is lacking. Towards this end, this study has identified 120 H. asiaticum CYP450 genes via transcriptome data in the face of a joint genome threat from terpinolene. The proteins these genes encode are of higher molecular weight, devoid of a signal peptide, and composed of unstable hydrophobic proteins principally containing 1–3 variable transmembrane regions. Phylogenetic evolution classifies these H. asiaticum CYP450 genes into four subfamilies. These genes all encompass complete CYP450 conserved domains, and five specific conserved motifs, albeit with different expression levels. GO and KEGG annotation findings suggest a widespread distribution of these CYP450 genes in many physiological systems, predominantly facilitating lipid metabolism, terpenoid compound metabolism, and polyketone compound metabolism, as well as cofactor and vitamin metabolism at a cellular level. Molecular docking results reveal a hydrophobic interaction between the ARG-103, ARG-104, LEU-106, PHE-109, and ILE-119 amino acid residues in CYP3A8, which is primarily expressed in the fat body, and terpinolene, with a notably up-regulated expression, with affinity = −5.6 kcal/mol. The conservation of these five key amino acid residues varies across 12 tick species, implying differences in terpinolene metabolism efficacy among various tick species. This study thereby fills an existing knowledge gap regarding the biological characteristics of H. asiaticum CYP450 genes and paves the way for further research into the functions of these particular genes.
Enzymatic Glycosylation of 4′-Hydroxychalcones: Expanding the Scope of Nature’s Catalytic Potential
Authors: Chlipała Paweł , Matera Agata , Sordon Sandra , Popłoński Jarosław , Mazur Marcelina , Janeczko Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Chalcones, including 4′-hydroxychalcones, have garnered significant attention in the area of drug discovery due to their diverse pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer effects. However, their low water solubility and bioavailability limit their efficacy in vivo. Glycosylation presents a promising approach to enhance the water solubility, stability, and metabolic properties of chalcones. This study investigates the enzymatic glycosylation of eight chemically synthesized 4′-hydroxychalcones using a diverse set of sugar glucosyltransferases from bacterial, plant, and fungal sources, alongside Glycine max sucrose synthase (GmSuSy) in a cascade reaction. Among the tested enzymes, five exhibited a remarkable versatility for glycoside production, and for large-scale biotransformation, flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase Sbaic7OGT from Scutellaria baicalensis was selected as the most effective. As a result of the experiments conducted, eight trans-chalcone glycosides were obtained. During the purification of the reaction products, we also observed the isomerization of the products by simple sunlight exposure, which resulted in eight additional cis-chalcone glycosides. This study highlights the novel use of a cascade reaction involving Glycine max sucrose synthase (GmSuSy) for the efficient glycosylation of trans-4′-hydroxychalcones, alongside the unexpected discovery of cis-chalcone glycosides during the purification process.
Impact of Sublethal Insecticides Exposure on Vespa magnifica: Insights from Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Hu Qingmei , Fan Sijia , Liu Kaiqing , Shi Feng , Cao Xueting , Lin Yiquan , Meng Renyuan , Liu Zichao
Published: October 2024

Insecticides are widely used to boost crop yields, but their effects on non-target insects like Vespa magnifica are still poorly understood. Despite its ecological and economic significance, Vespa magnifica has been largely neglected in risk assessments. This study employed physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impact of sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam, avermectin, chlorfenapyr, and β-cypermethrin on Vespa magnifica. Although larval survival rates remained unchanged, both pupation and fledge rates were significantly reduced. Enzymatic assays indicated an upregulation of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity alongside a suppression of peroxidase under insecticide stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased adenosine triphosphate-related processes and mitochondrial electron transport activity, suggesting elevated energy expenditure to counter insecticide exposure, potentially impairing essential functions like flight, hunting, and immune response. The enrichment of pathways such as glycolysis, hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, and cholinergic synaptic metabolism under insecticide stress highlights the complexity of the molecular response with notable effects on learning, memory, and detoxification processes. These findings underscore the broader ecological risks of insecticide exposure to non-target insects and highlight the need for further research into the long-term effects of newer insecticides along with the development of strategies to safeguard beneficial insect populations.
SMN2 Copy Number Association with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Severity: Insights from Colombian Patients
Authors: Lamadrid-González José , Castellar-Leones Sandra , Contreras-Velásquez Julio César , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: October 2024

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting paediatric patients, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Our principal objective is to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and evaluate the association between the number of SMN2 copies and SMA type in patients from the Colombian Foundation for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (FAMECOL) database. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 patients with a genetic diagnosis of SMA. Data were identified, extracted, and collected from patient records provided by FAMECOL as patients registered with the association, including 201 patients from April 2013 to April 2024, when the database was delivered. Qualitative variables were described using relative and absolute frequencies, while quantitative variables were described using central tendency and dispersion measures according to their distribution. The association between the SMA type and the SMN2 number of copies was assessed by Fisher’s exact test (1 to 5 copies). Results: Of the 201 patients studied, 42% were female (n = 85), and 58% were male (n = 116). The median age was 9 years (IQR 4–16 years). The median age at diagnosis was 9 years (IQR 4–16), varying by subgroup: 2, 7, 14, and 41.5 years for each type, respectively. A total of 25% patients were from Antioquia (n = 51). Eighty-nine per cent had gastrostomy (n = 18). The association between the two variables was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights SMA clinical variability and its association with the number of SMN2 copies, underscoring the importance of a personalised approach to diagnosing and managing this disease. The findings may guide more effective therapeutic strategies to improve patients’ quality of life.
The Current Role of Hydroxyurea in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: López Rubio Montserrat , Argüello Marina María
Published: October 2024

Despite advancements in treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, remains the cornerstone of therapy. While its primary effect is the elevation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hydroxyurea’s mechanisms of action are multifaceted. Hydroxyurea (HU) reduces leukocyte and platelet counts, decreases the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules CD36 and CD49d, and increases nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide levels, which may facilitate vascular dilation and further HbF induction. Numerous studies have demonstrated that hydroxyurea therapy reduces the frequency of painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for erythrocyte transfusions and hospitalizations. Long-term use of hydroxyurea leads to reduced morbidity and mortality. Hydroxyurea should be initiated in children from 9 months of age, including asymptomatic individuals, and is recommended for adults experiencing pain crises that significantly interfere with daily activities or quality of life, as well as those with severe or recurrent vaso-occlusive crises, ACS, or severe symptomatic anemia. Hydroxyurea is not recommended during pregnancy or lactation due to potential teratogenic effects and transfer into breast milk. However, its use may be considered in high-risk patients, particularly during the second and third trimesters. Concerns about secondary tumor development have not been substantiated in long-term follow-up studies. Alternative therapies, including L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor, are not presently approved or available for clinical use in Europe.
Cognitive Impairments Related to COMT and Neuregulin 1 Phenotypes as Transdiagnostic Markers in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients
Authors: Bondrescu Mariana , Dehelean Liana , Farcas Simona Sorina , Papava Ion , Nicoras Vlad , Podaru Carla Andreea , Sava Madalina , Bilavu Elena Sabina , Putnoky Sandra , Andreescu Nicoleta Ioana
Published: October 2024

Background: Research on the interaction between antipsychotic treatment and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) is extensive, yet the role of genetic polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) remains underexplored. Methods: This study evaluates the impact of COMT (rs4680) and NRG1 (rs3924999 and rs35753505) polymorphisms on cognitive functions in SSD patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with fifty-four patients, assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the CNS Vital Signs battery. Results: Significant cognitive function differences were observed across SSD diagnostic categories (p < 0.001). The NRG1 rs35753505 TT genotype was significantly associated with better verbal memory performance compared to the CC genotype (p = 0.03), while no significant differences were observed for other genotypes. The NRG1 rs3924999 AA genotype showed superior reasoning performance compared to AG and GG genotypes (p = 0.01), with AG and GG associated with lower scores (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, the COMT Val158Met genotype significantly influenced processing speed, with patients at the first episode of psychosis showing higher scores than chronic patients (p = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that NRG1 and COMT polymorphisms may influence cognitive domains in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, potentially informing personalized treatment and cognitive rehabilitation strategies.
The Impact of Surgery-Related Emotional Distress on Long-Term Outcome After Colorectal Surgery: An Observational Follow-Up
Authors: Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Manteufel Ines , Knott Agnes , Müller Alexander , Kousoulas Lampros , Werthmann Paul G. , Klein Alexandra C. , Huber Roman
Published: October 2024

Background: Preoperative emotional distress has been linked to adverse health outcomes, diminished quality of life, increased symptom burden after surgery, and poorer postoperative outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of perioperative emotional distress on the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Methods: We conducted a follow-up study of a previously conducted observational study of colorectal surgery patients who underwent surgery at the University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany, between April 2018 and February 2020. Initially, all the patients completed a multidimensional mood questionnaire (MDMQ) preoperatively and on postoperative days 3, 6, and 9. From June to November 2021, these patients were contacted again to capture the results of MDMQ at least one year after surgery and to assess the rate of late complications, quality of life, dietary changes, and overall health. Results: Of the original 80 patients, 51 took part in the follow-up study (55% female, on average 59 years old), on average 30 months after the operation. The average mood results of the surgical patients returned to those of the normal population. Most patients (80%) did not feel that their quality of life was affected by the surgery. Satisfaction with the surgical outcome averaged 8.5 out of 10, while current health was rated at 6.8 out of 10. Emotional distress levels varied over time, with mood and arousal improving significantly postoperatively. Late complications were reported by 28% of the patients, but there were no significant differences in the MDMQ scores, health status, or satisfaction between those with and without complications. Conclusions: The results indicate that there is no association between the emotional strain measured by the MDMQ and the occurrence of late postoperative complications.
Sodium Alginate Microneedles Loaded with Vancomycin for Skin Infections
Authors: Abu Ershaid Juhaina M. , Zhang Han , Tayyem May , Sabri Akmal H. , Donnelly Ryan F. , Vora Lalitkumar K.
Published: October 2024

Background: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) present significant treatment challenges. These infections often require systemic antibiotics such as vancomycin, which poses a risk for increased bacterial resistance. Topical treatments are hindered by the barrier function of the skin, and microneedles (MNs) offer a promising solution, increasing patient compliance and negating the need for traditional needles. Methods: This study focused on the use of sodium alginate MNs for vancomycin delivery directly to the site of infection via a cost-effective micromolding technique. Dissolving polymeric MNs made of sodium alginate and loaded with vancomycin were fabricated and evaluated in terms of their physical properties, delivery ability, and antimicrobial activity. Results: The MNs achieved a 378 μm depth of insertion into ex vivo skin and a 5.0 ± 0 mm zone of inhibition in agar disc diffusion assays. Furthermore, in ex vivo Franz cell experiments, the MNs delivered 34.46 ± 11.31 μg of vancomycin with around 35% efficiency, with 9.88 ± 0.57 μg deposited in the skin after 24 h. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sodium alginate MNs are a viable platform for antimicrobial agent delivery in SSTIs. Future in vivo studies are essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of this innovative method for clinical use.
SpiroTiger and KS Brief Stimulator: Specific Devices for Breathing and Well-Being in Post-COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Parisi Maria Chiara , Di Corrado Donatella , Mingrino Omar , Crescimanno Caterina , Longo Federica , Pegreffi Francesco , Francavilla Vincenzo Cristian
Published: October 2024

Background. Post-COVID-19 patients may develop impaired lung function, with reduced lung capacities and volumes, respiratory muscle weakness, and physical inactivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a detailed protocol based on breathing training with two specifically designed respiratory devices (SpiroTiger and KS Brief Stimulator) in post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods. Sixteen young volunteers were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental (n = 8) and control (n = 8). The experimental group performed breathing training for 12 min two times a week for 9 months (from August 2023 to May 2024). Spirometric and baropodometric measurements were recorded every 3 months to evaluate the effects of the protocol. Results. Data analysis showed significant improvements in the forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow indices, and postural parameters in the experimental group. Conclusions. In conclusion, based on the study findings, the specific breathing training protocol developed for post-COVID-19 patients has proven to be effective and significantly impacted the quality of breathing functions and the postural system.
Exploring Individual Components of Sport Persistence in the Light of Gender, Education, and Level and Type of Sport
Authors: Tóth Benedek Tibor , Tóth Hanna Léna , Lukácsi Csanád , Kocsner Oszkár Csaba , Lovas Buda , Selejó Joó Bence Tamás , Czipa Hanna , Bódi Regina , Lupócz Zsuzsa , Paronai Rozália , Kovács Mátyás , Kovács Karolina Eszter
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Sport persistence can be coded as an indicator of sport performance and commitment, incorporating personality traits such as resilience, adaptive coping, and positive personality traits. Thus, athletes do not merely persist in sporting activities but are qualitatively committed to them. Methods: In the present research, we used a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors underlying sport persistence, using Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model. In total, 133 high school and college student-athletes were surveyed in a semi-structured interview study. We set the following research question: How do the factors involved in developing sport persistence vary across athletes’ gender, level of study, and level and type of sport? Data were analyzed along the lines of grounded theory. ATLAS.ti and IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical software were used for the analysis. Results: Our analysis divided individual motivation into intrinsic (health promotion, habituation, becoming a competitive athlete, self-improvement, self-actualization, relaxation, and sport enjoyment) and extrinsic motivation (family-related motivation, coach, social relationships, competition, livelihood, recognition). The cross-tabulation analysis revealed that contrary to the general trend, no significant differences can be experienced in the core motivational patterns contributing to sport persistence. However, significant differences could be detected concerning the level of education, level of sporting activity, and type of sport. Conclusions: Our findings not only shed light on the unique factors underlying sport persistence, but also challenge the trends observed in traditional sport motivation analyses. This insight could potentially revolutionize how we approach youth sport promotion and physical activity among young people, making our research highly relevant and impactful.
Study of Parameters Influencing Wrinkles in the Deep Drawing of Fiber-Based Materials Using Automatic Image Detection
Authors: Leng Yuchen , Sanjon Cedric Wilfried , Tan Qingxiang , Groche Peter , Hauptmann Marek , Majschak Jens-Peter
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of wrinkles in deep-drawn fiber-based materials is crucial for the assessment of product quality and the optimization of manufacturing processes. Wrinkling is a common phenomenon in the deep-drawing process and is caused by tangential compressive stresses on the flanges of the blank. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent for fiber-based materials with high tensile depths and can seriously affect the appearance and mechanical properties of the final product. The objective of this study is to identify the key process parameters affecting wrinkling and to deepen the understanding of their roles and interactions using wrinkle data for deep-drawn paper products. Image analysis techniques are employed, supported by a specially constructed darkroom platform to ensure uniform light intensity for capturing photographs. An automated program is developed for the detection and evaluation of wrinkle characteristics and distribution, which allows the free choice of the region to be detected and the representation of the wrinkle geometry not limited by the number. To enhance the precision of this program, the ellipticity is initially rectified for products without flanges, specifically cup-shaped deep-drawn products. The ellipticity is caused by the pronounced springback effect of the paperboard. The approach is employed to investigate the impact of material properties, blank holder force, drawing depth, drawing clearance, and punch speed on wrinkling formation after the deep-drawing process. The findings reveal that the blank holder force and drawing clearance are critical factors in wrinkle formation, with higher blank holder force generally leading to increased wrinkle numbers.
Exploring the Potential Use of Virtual Reality with a Supraorbital Keyhole Craniotomy for Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas: Two Case Reports
Authors: Valerio Jose , Fernandez Gomez Maria P. , Ayala Arcipreste Arturo , Santiago Rea Noe , Mantilla Penelope , Olarinde Immanuel O. , Alvarez-Pinzon Andres M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A supraorbital keyhole craniotomy (SOKC) is a novel alternative to frontal craniotomies for accessing the anterior fossa for resecting tumors and clipping aneurysms; however, its implementation is limited in patients at a high risk of complications. We present two cases involving the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) for patient selection and preoperative planning for a supraorbital tumor resection of anterior fossa meningiomas. Methods: This is a prospective, single-center case series at a research institute. We identified patients with an anterior or middle fossa meningioma regardless of age, gender, and tumor characteristics who could undergo an SOKC and MRI. The preoperative planning was performed with the BrainLab Magic Leap AR/VR platform. The meningiomas were resected through the SOKC under neuronavigation. Results: We identified two cases: a 37-year-old male with a meningioma in the sellar region and an 84-year-old male with a right anterior fossa meningioma, both confirmed by MRI. Both patients had a complete tumor resection by a minimally invasive SOKC after preoperative planning with the AR/VR platform. Postoperatively, hyponatremia complicated the first case, while the second case developed an intracranial hemorrhage. They both recovered after the appropriate interventions. Conclusions: The use of an SOKC for anterior skull base meningiomas should be individualized after considering the lesion characteristics, vascular control needs, and the surgeon’s expertise. VR/AR-assisted preoperative evaluation and planning will optimize the patient selection and surgical outcomes. We can utilize VR/AR technologies to identify patients that will benefit from an SOKC and expand the implementation of the approach beyond its current limitations.
Apelin from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Is Involved in the Regulation of Vasorelaxation and Renal Function in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kagota Satomi , Maruyama-Fumoto Kana , Futokoro Risa , Shinozuka Kazumasa
Published: October 2024

The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates the arterial tone by releasing vasoactive molecules. PVAT dysfunction favoring the vasorelaxation response could contribute to the development of kidney disease in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previously, we demonstrated that overactivation of angiotensin II signaling in the PVAT deteriorates the compensatory PVAT effects in rats with MetS (SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SPZF) and SHR/NDmcr-cp (CP) rats). Apelin is an endogenous regulator of angiotensin II. Therefore, we investigated whether changes in apelin levels in the PVAT alter PVAT function and impair kidney function in MetS. Twenty-three-week-old male and female SPZF and CP rats were used. In the female CP rats, apelin mRNA levels in renal arterial PVAT, enhancing effects of the PVAT on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in renal arteries, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were the highest, and urine protein levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were the lowest. Apelin mRNA levels were positively correlated with the enhancing effects of the PVAT on vasorelaxation and eGFR but negatively correlated with urine protein levels and HOMA-IR. Moreover, apelin levels positively correlated with mRNA levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein, which are negative regulators of angiotensin II. This study suggests that a decline in apelin levels in the PVAT, probably owing to angiotensin II, is associated with PVAT dysfunction on vascular tone, resulting in impaired kidney function in MetS.
Exploring the Cardiorenal Benefits of SGLT2i: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cersosimo Angelica , Drera Andrea , Adamo Marianna , Metra Marco , Vizzardi Enrico
Published: October 2024

The history of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is so long and started in 1835 when Petersen extracted a compound called phlorizin from apple tree bark. About fifty years later, von Mering discovered its glucosuric properties. In the 1980s, it was discovered that the glucosuria resulted from inhibition by phlorizin of glucose reabsorption by the renal tubules, which lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Nowadays, beyond their glucose-lowering effects, growing evidence suggests significant cardiorenal benefits associated with SGLT2i therapy. Indeed, several clinical trials, including landmark studies such as EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS Program, and DECLARE-TIMI 58, have demonstrated robust reductions in cardiovascular events, particularly heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality, among patients treated with SGLT2i. However, subsequent trials showed that SGLT2i benefits extend beyond the diabetic population, encompassing individuals with and without diabetes. Additionally, SGLT2i exhibit nephroprotective effects, manifesting as a slowing of the progression of chronic kidney disease and a reduction in the risk of end-stage kidney disease. The mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2i are multifactorial and include improvements in glycemic control, reduction in arterial stiffness, modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduction of intraglomerular pression and promotion of natriuresis and diuresis through inhibition of SGLT2 in the luminal brush border of the first segments of the proximal kidney tubule. This narrative review aims to explore the cardiorenal outcomes of SGLT2i, encompassing their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence, safety profile, and implications for clinical practice.
Exploiting the Regularized Greedy Forest Algorithm Through Active Learning for Predicting Student Grades: A Case Study
Authors: Tsiakmaki Maria , Kostopoulos Georgios , Kotsiantis Sotiris
Published: October 2024

Student performance prediction is a critical research challenge in the field of educational data mining. To address this issue, various machine learning methods have been employed with significant success, including instance-based algorithms, decision trees, neural networks, and ensemble methods, among others. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach that leverages the Regularized Greedy Forest (RGF) algorithm within an active learning framework to enhance student performance prediction. Active learning is a powerful paradigm that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data, while RGF serves as an effective decision forest learning algorithm acting as the base learner. This synergy aims to improve the predictive performance of the model while minimizing the labeling effort, making the approach both efficient and scalable. Moreover, applying the active learning framework for predicting student performance focuses on the early and accurate identification of students at risk of failure. This enables targeted interventions and personalized learning strategies to support low-performing students and improve their outcomes. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of our proposed approach as it outperforms well-established supervised methods using a limited pool of labeled examples, achieving an accuracy of 81.60%.
A Multi-Scale Evaluation Model of Sustainable Development Goal 11.7 for Problem-Solving at Different Levels
Authors: Wang Kan , Dang Xing , Bai Jianjun
Published: October 2024

Sustainable Development Goal 11.7 (SDG 11.7) aims to promote the improvement of urban public spaces. However, the localization process of SDG 11.7 mainly relies on a bottom-up problem-solving approach, which fails to fully encompass the connotation of SDG 11.7. Additionally, existing evaluations primarily focus on a single scale, neglecting the impact of scale issues. These limitations can lead to imbalanced development or misallocation of responsibilities when guiding governments at different levels in promoting the sustainable development of public spaces. Therefore, this article introduces a multi-scale assessment model of SDG 11.7. It employs a top-down problem-solving approach to construct a sustainable development indicator framework, setting appropriate sustainable development indicators for various levels of government based on the connotation of SDG 11.7, and generates city-scale results by integrating three scales: apartment complexes, street blocks, and counties. Testing this model in Xi’an, China, revealed that it adequately captures four key aspects of SDG 11.7—safety, inclusiveness, accessibility, and greenness—through 11 indicators. The evaluation outcomes at the apartment complex, street block, and county levels effectively guide future development directions for various levels of government. Ultimately, the synthesis of these scales reveals the spatial pattern of SDG 11.7 at the city scale and identifies focal areas for development. Overall, this exploratory model demonstrates high accuracy and robustness, providing a comprehensive understanding of the essence of SDG 11.7. It also alleviates challenges posed by scale issues, offering decision support for monitoring SDG 11.7 across different levels of government in Chinese cities and promoting the process of sustainable development.
Effects of Land and Labor Costs Growth on Agricultural Product Prices and Farmers’ Income
Authors: Wu Jiang , Zhang Ming , Yang Xu , Wu Buda
Published: October 2024

Widespread attention has been paid to the continuous rounds of rising agricultural product prices in China since 2003. During this period, rising prices were affected by input costs and international market prices; therefore, the degree of benefits obtained by farmers from the rise in agricultural product prices has been questioned. However, limited studies have examined the effect and relationship between rising agricultural product prices and farmers’ income. The purpose of the study was to provide empirical evidence on how the rise in agricultural product prices affects farmers’ income and to understand the role of land and labor costs in this context using provincial data from 2003 to 2020. The findings reveal that there is a threshold effect on the impact of the rise in agricultural product prices on farmers’ income. A moderate rise in agricultural product prices can increase farmers’ income, but excessive price increases have an insignificant effect. The causes behind the price rise significantly influence farmers’ income. An increase attributed to higher land and labor costs can improve farmers’ income, whereas a rise driven by international market prices or the cost of agricultural production inputs is unlikely to benefit farmers.
Identifying the Complexity of the Food-Energy-Water Nexus Based on Emergy Analysis in Crop Production Systems of China
Authors: Guo Beibei , Cheng Tingting , Sun Tingting , Tong Yi , Nian Sifeng
Published: October 2024

To elucidate the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, the paper proposes a framework for multifunctional development objectives within the context of CPSs, integrating emergy analysis and the coupled coordination model. The article’s primary focus is on the utilization of blue and green water in the cultivation of a variety of food crops and the acquisition of purchased energy. The paper was evaluated according to three key indicators: stability, development, and sustainability. Furthermore, a quantitative evaluation of the trade-offs among the FEW nexus and its constituent sub-nexuses was conducted over the period from 2000 to 2022. The study revealed that China has witnessed an expansion in its total CPS inputs, with renewable inputs accounting for 32.89% and an average annual input-output ratio of 37.98%. The annual emergy values for food, energy, and water resources were 6.85 × 1023 Sej, 1.43 × 1023 Sej, and 7.91 × 1022 Sej, respectively. The annual growth rates were 2.16%, 2.11%, and 0.77%, respectively. The CPS exhibits an average proportion of green and blue water resources of 64.37% and 35.63%, respectively. The coupling coordination of the FEW nexus demonstrates a transition between years from mild dysfunctional recession to quality coordinated development, with the coordinated use of FEW resources increasing for maize, largely maintained for rice, and decreasing for wheat, soybean, and potato. The objective of this study is to provide differentiated strategies for regional food conservation and sustainable development worldwide.
Phytochemical Screening and Characterization of Volatile Compounds from Three Medicinal Plants with Reported Anticancer Properties Using GC-MS
Authors: Mathe Emelinah , Sethoga Lesibana , Mapfumari Sipho , Adeniran Oluwaseyefunmi , Mokgotho Phineas , Shai Jerry , Gololo Stanley
Published: October 2024

Annona senegalensis pers, Sutherlandia frutescens (L.), and Withania somnifera (L.) are abundant plants and widely distributed in the Limpopo, Gauteng, Kwazulu-Natal, North West and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa. The three plants are among those used by traditional healers and herbalists in South Africa for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. The current study aimed at the phytochemical screening and characterization of volatile compounds from the three medicinal plants using GC-MS. The methanol leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening using standard chemical tests to detect the presence of different classes of compounds. Volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS analysis, and detected compounds were identified by comparing the MS spectral data with those of compounds deposited in the NIST Library (NIST08). Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of different secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, quinones, steroids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, and terpenoids in all plants. GC-MS chromatograms allowed the detection and identification of 19 volatile compounds among the three plants with known bioactivities that are important in the management of life-threatening diseases such as cancer and diabetes. The results confirm the leaves of Annona senegalensis, Sutherlandia frutescens, and Withania somnifera as sources of important phytochemicals and therefore justify their use for the treatment of various diseases by traditional healers.
A Decoupling Module Based on a Geometrical-Balance Mechanism for Mitigating Cable Length Variation in Cable-Driven Applications
Authors: Nguyen Van Pho , Dhyan Sunil Bohra , Chow Wai Tuck
Published: October 2024

Cable-driven mechanisms are increasingly popular in applications requiring low-inertia operation. However, issues like cable loosening, which leads to reduced durability and stability with long-term use, have not been fully addressed in previous studies. This paper presents a novel design for a decoupling mechanism based on the geometrical-balance principle. The mechanism incorporates three pulleys—main, minor, and guiding—mounted on a parallelogram structure. The cable passes over these pulleys and an elbow pulley with constant tension, maintained through a balance between the pulleys’ radii and the cable’s thickness and radius. A theoretical model was developed to estimate deviations in the cable tension within this design, considering general geometric parameters and friction coefficients. In the experimental setup, the main pulley had a radius of 15 mm, while the minor, guiding, and elbow pulleys had radii of 7 mm, and a 1 mm radius Dyneema cable was used. The results demonstrated that the decoupling mechanism maintained a consistent cable length and tension with minimal deviation as the two links rotated from small to large angles. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the theoretical estimates and experimental validation confirmed that the cable tension remained stable at both ends when the decoupling mechanism was integrated into the original system. This research improves the stability and durability of cable-driven mechanisms while offering a compact, accurate solution adaptable to a wide range of applications, including robotics, machinery, and other devices.
Optimization of Truck–Cargo Matching for the LTL Logistics Hub Based on Three-Dimensional Pallet Loading
Authors: Chen Xinghan , Tang Weilin , Hai Yuzhilin , Lang Maoxiang , Liu Yuying , Li Shiqi
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the truck–cargo matching problem in less-than-truckload (LTL) logistics hubs, focusing on optimizing the three-dimensional loading of goods onto standardized pallets and assigning these loaded pallets to a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles. A two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve this complex logistics challenge. In the first stage, a tree search algorithm based on residual space is developed to determine the optimal layout for the 3D loading of cargo onto pallets. In the second stage, a heuristic online truck–cargo matching algorithm is introduced to allocate loaded pallets to trucks while optimizing the number of trucks used and minimizing transportation costs. The algorithm operates within a rolling time horizon, allowing it to dynamically handle real-time order arrivals and time window constraints. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high pallet loading efficiency (close to 90%), near-optimal truck utilization (nearly 95%), and significant cost reductions, making it a practical solution for real-world LTL logistics operations.
Two-Step Fifth-Order Efficient Jacobian-Free Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Maimó Javier G. , Rodríguez-Cabral Antmel , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: October 2024

This article introduces a novel two-step fifth-order Jacobian-free iterative method aimed at efficiently solving systems of nonlinear equations. The method leverages the benefits of Jacobian-free approaches, utilizing divided differences to circumvent the computationally intensive calculation of Jacobian matrices. This adaptation significantly reduces computational overhead and simplifies the implementation process while maintaining high convergence rates. We demonstrate that this method achieves fifth-order convergence under specific parameter settings, with broad applicability across various types of nonlinear systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a series of numerical experiments that confirm its superior performance in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency compared to existing methods.
The Category G-GrR-Mod and Group Factorization
Authors: Al-Omari Rahmah , Al-Shomrani Mohammed
Published: October 2024

In this work, we use the concept of G-weak graded rings and G-weak graded modules, which are based on grading by a set G of left coset representatives for the left action of a subgroup H of a finite X on X, to define the conjugation action of the set G and to generalize and prove some results from the literature. In particular, we prove that a G-weak graded ring R is strongly graded if and only if each G-weak graded R-module V is induced by an ReG-module. Moreover, we prove that the additive induction functor (−)R and the restriction functor (−)eG form an equivalence between the categories G-GrR-Mod and ReG-Mod when R is strongly G-weak graded. Furthermore, some related results and illustrative examples of G-weak graded R-modules and their morphisms are provided.
Estimation of Contagion: Bayesian Model Averaging on Tail Dependence of Mixture Copula
Authors: Saekow Sundusit , Chiawkhun Phisanu , Yamaka Woraphon , Nakharutai Nawapon , Phetpradap Parkpoom
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a novel approach to estimate tail dependence in financial contagion using mixture copulas. Addressing the challenges of weight parameter estimation in conventional models, we propose a Bayesian model averaging method to determine optimal copula weights. Through both simulations and empirical studies, the proposed method demonstrates improved robustness and accuracy, particularly when handling extreme weight scenarios. These advancements offer more reliable measurements of financial contagion, contributing to enhanced risk management and policy-making in interconnected financial markets.