bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental distress is associated with injury and illness in elite Para athletes: a 44-week prospective study over 13 860 athlete days
Authors: Bentzen Marte , Kenttä Göran , Derman Wayne , Halvorsen Wik Eirik , Havela Jari , Karls Tommy , Stenman Adam , Fagher Kristina
Published: February 2025

Background

The interest in elite athletes’ mental health has increased over the past decade. However, there is still a paucity in the literature concerning elite Para athletes’ mental health and its association with injuries and illnesses affecting athletes’ participation in sports.

Objective

To assess the weekly prevalence of mental distress and its association with injury, illness, sleep duration, hours of participation in sports and perceived exertion over a 44-week period in a cohort of Swedish elite Para athletes. A secondary aim was to describe the period prevalence of mental distress.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal study including 59 Swedish elite Para athletes with physical, visual and intellectual impairments. Each week athletes reported mental distress according to ‘The four-item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression’ (PHQ-4), sleep duration, hours of sports participation, perceived exertion as well as any new injury or illness. Descriptive statistics and multilevel regression analyses were used to analyse data.

Results

The weekly prevalence was 15% for symptoms of anxiety, and 21% for depressive symptoms. The 44-week period prevalence was 58% for anxiety, and 42% for depressive symptoms. Multilevel logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between reporting symptoms of mental distress with an ongoing injury, illness, and low sleep duration.

Conclusion

Elite Para athletes report a moderate rate of symptoms of anxiety and depression, and there were associations between reporting mental distress and experiencing an injury or illness affecting athletes’ participation in sports. The findings highlight the importance of longitudinal mental health monitoring and multidisciplinary support systems targeting those athletes reporting mental distress, injury or illness.
Charged particle in Lie–Poisson electrodynamics
Authors: Basilio B. S. , Kupriyanov V. G. , Kurkov M. A.
Published: February 2025

Lie–Poisson electrodynamics describes the semi-classical limit of non-commutative U(1) gauge theory, characterized by Lie-algebra-type non-commutativity. We focus on the mechanics of a charged point-like particle moving in a given gauge background. First, we derive explicit expressions for gauge-invariant variables representing the particle’s position. Second, we provide a detailed formulation of the classical action and the corresponding equations of motion, which recover standard relativistic dynamics in the commutative limit. We illustrate our findings by exploring the exactly solvable Kepler problem in the context of the

$$\lambda $$

λ

-Minkowski (or the angular) non-commutativity, along with other examples.
Measurement Equipment Inspection Path Planning and Optimization Based on Quantum Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Yang Liangming , Feng Xiaofeng , Feng Xiashan , Cai Jiaqi , Li Qianxin
Published: February 2025

In order to address inefficiencies in the inspection path planning of metering equipment and minimize inspection path lengths, this study proposes a novel optimization method based on the quantum annealing algorithm. A mathematical model for metering equipment inspection path planning is developed, accompanied by a new qubit measurement and state update mechanism designed to enhance algorithm convergence speed. Simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating its ability to plan inspection paths under diverse conditions while achieving the shortest path lengths and maintaining strong global convergence. The results highlight the algorithm’s potential to significantly improve inspection efficiency and adaptability in real-world scenarios.
Beyond Words: An Experimental Study of Signaling in Crowdfunding
Authors: Dambanemuya Henry K. , Choi Eunseo , Gergle Darren , Horvát Emőke-Ágnes
Published: February 2025

Increasingly, crowdfunding is transforming financing for many people worldwide. Yet we know relatively little about how, why, and when funding outcomes are impacted by signaling between funders. We conduct two studies of

\(N=500\)

and

\(N=750\)

participants involved in crowdfunding to investigate the effect of “crowd signals,”
i.e., certain characteristics deduced from the amounts and timing of contributions,
on the decision to fund.
In our first study, we
find that, under a variety of conditions, contributions of heterogeneous amounts arriving at varying time intervals are significantly more likely to be selected than homogeneous contribution amounts and times. The impact of signaling is strongest among participants who are susceptible to social influence. The effect is remarkably general across different project types, fundraising goals, participant interest in the projects, and participants’ altruistic attitudes.
Our second study using less strict controls indicates that
the role of crowd signals in decision-making is typically unrecognized by participants. Our results underscore the fundamental nature of social signaling in crowdfunding.
They highlight the importance of designing around these crowd signals and inform user strategies both on the project creator and funder side
.
Compact Data Structures for Network Telemetry
Authors: Landau-Feibish Shir , Liu Zaoxing , Rexford Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Collecting and analyzing of network traffic data (
network telemetry
) plays a critical role in managing modern networks. Network administrators analyze their traffic to troubleshoot performance and reliability problems, and to detect and block cyberattacks. However, conventional traffic-measurement techniques offer limited visibility into network conditions and rely on offline analysis. Fortunately, network devices—such as switches and network interface cards—are increasingly programmable at the packet level, enabling flexible analysis of the traffic in place, as the packets fly by. However, to operate at high speed, these devices have limited memory and computational resources, leading to trade-offs between accuracy and overhead. In response, an exciting research area emerged, bringing ideas from compact data structures and streaming algorithms to bear on important networking telemetry applications and the unique characteristics of high-speed network devices. In this paper, we review the research on compact data structures for network telemetry and discuss promising directions for future research.
A Novel Approach to Reducing Testing Costs and Minimizing Defect Escapes Using Dynamic Neighborhood Range and Shapley Values
Authors: Ni Tianming , Rui Wangsheng , Zhuo Cheng , Li Yu , Wen Xiaoqing , Nie Mu
Published: February 2025

Wafer acceptance testing (WAT) is a process that is used to assess the quality and reliability of manufactured wafers. This technique for the early detection and screening of chips allows for improvements in their reliability and performance during the manufacture of semiconductor devices. The automatic test equipment (ATE) used for processing millions of wafers is susceptible to a number of issues, including the absence of data values, the presence of redundant parameters, and categorical imbalance. These issues increase the cost of data processing, and impede an investigation into the relationship between WAT and feature diagnostics. In this study, we propose a method with a low test escape rate based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm to reduce the cost of testing and minimize the number of defective dice that go undetected. The proposed method retains outliers, dynamically selects the range of the neighborhood to reduce the cost of testing, and uses Shapley values to analyze a WAT dataset to determine the importance of features of the data. The multi-objective optimization algorithm ranks features by their importance, and applies an adaptive method to eliminate features with a low overall correlation, thereby reducing the risk that defective dice are undetected.
JASRNet: Learning Joint Adaptive Sampling and Reconstruction for Depth Sensing
Authors: Bi Chunyang , Teng Mingnuo , Xie Tianhao , Li Kun , Yang Jingyu
Published: February 2025

Recent attempts to exploit irregular sampling strategies for depth sensing have shown prominent merits over the uniform rectangular sampling in terms of depth reconstruction quality, particularly at low sampling rates. However, the separate treatment of depth sampling and reconstruction did not enjoy potential merits of joint optimization. In this paper, we propose a joint adaptive depth sampling and reconstruction network, named
JASRNet
, for the RGB-D sensing configuration, to simultaneously optimize both the sampling and reconstruction of the depth information in an end-to-end manner. The sampling sub-network infers the locations to sample according to the significance distribution generated from the associated RGB image without any prior information of the underlying depth maps. The depth reconstruction sub-network learns and then fuses global and local depth features with attention guidance, which helps to obtain more accurate depth reconstruction results at boundaries. A hybrid loss function is further proposed to promote sharp discontinuities of the reconstructed depth maps. Qualitative and quantitative results show that our method achieves better depth sensing quality than several state-of-the-art methods for various indoor and outdoor scenes.
Impact of Electrolyte Solvent on Li4Ti5O12/LiNi0.90Mn0.05Co0.05O2 Battery Performance for Behind-the-Meter Storage Applications
Authors: Pereira Drew J. , Schulze Maxwell C. , Ha Yeyoung , Zhang Yicheng , Gim Jihyeon , Trask Stephen E. , Kahvecioglu Ozgenur , Teeter Glenn R. , Burrell Anthony K. , Harrison Katharine L.
Published: February 2025

Behind-the-Meter Storage (BTMS) systems require dedicated development of battery materials that target long cycle life and low cost at the system level. Pairing Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 (NMC90-5-5) shows promise to achieve targets for BTMS applications; however, minimal literature is available that discusses electrolyte solvent selection for this pairing. This study explores the role of electrolyte solvent on cycle life in LTO/NMC90-5-5 batteries. Four model electrolytes are evaluated; the baseline, Gen2, is compared with 1M LiPF6 added to each of three separate solvents: ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). An additional consideration is that NMC90-5-5 undergoes an H2→H3 phase transition that allows for a significant increase to capacity; however, it’s unclear how this phase transition impacts electrolyte stability and cycle life. Therefore, the phase transition is avoided or accessed by cycling to 2.6V or 2.7V, respectively. The cells with Gen2, cycled to 2.6V, show the highest capacity retention due to EC passivating the LTO, EMC improving stability at the NMC90-5-5, and avoiding increased degradation from the 2.7V protocol. Despite having high initial reactivity that causes Li-depletion, FEC was the only solvent to avoid increased degradation when moving to the higher termination voltage.
Mechanistic and Mitigation-Strategy Insights into NaCl and CaCl2 Contamination of Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolysis Using Continuum Modeling
Authors: Dizon Arthur R. , Weber Adam Z.
Published: February 2025

Cationic contaminants are detrimental to proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). To obtain insight, a 1-D, nonisothermal, multiphase continuum cell model including cationic contamination is developed. Simulations of steady-state cell performance predict decreased performance due to an increase in kinetic overpotential associated with the hydrogen-evolution reaction, which was attributed to decreased protonic-activity within the cathode catalyst layer from proton supplantation with contaminant cations. The accumulation and extent of cation exchange in the cathode catalyst layer depends on the operating current density due to migration. Simulations of cell recovery of potential suggest that a contaminated cell can recover approximately 78% (450 mV) with 24 h of constant current density operation at 2 A cm−2, with higher current densities accelerating reduced recovery times. Parametric studies show that anode-side acidification at lower current densities inhibit cation contaminant adsorption, and cathode-side acidification at larger current densities facilitate the expulsion of adsorbed cations; for a cathode-side pH of 6 and 5, the cell can recover an additional 10% and 100% performance, respectively. Overall, the model serves as a framework for modeling other aspects of PEMWE systems to address durability and performance aspects, which can assist in improving the viability of the technology.
Endothelial dysfunction in the aging kidney
Authors: Borri M , Jacobs ME , Carmeliet P , Rabelink TJ , Dumas SJ
Published: February 2025

Global population aging is an escalating challenge in modern society, especially as it impairs the function of multiple organs and increases the burden of age-related diseases. The kidneys, in particular, experience function decline, reduced regenerative capacity and increased susceptibility to injury as they age. As a result, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rises with aging, further contributing to the growing health burden in older populations. One of the key factors in this process is the dysfunction of specialized renal endothelial cells (RECs), which are essential for maintaining kidney health by regulating blood flow, and supporting filtration, solute and water reabsorption, and vascular integrity. As the kidneys age, REC dysfunction drives vascular and microenvironmental changes, contributing to the overall decline in kidney function. In this review, we outline the structural and functional effects of aging on kidney's macrovascular and microvascular compartments and provide a phenotypic description of the aged endothelium. We particularly focus on the molecular and metabolic rewiring driving and sustaining growth-arrested EC senescence phenotype. We finally give an overview of senotherapies acting on ECs especially on those modulating metabolism. Given that the pathophysiological processes underlying kidney aging largely overlap with those observed in CKD, REC rejuvenation could also benefit CKD patients. Moreover, such interventions may hold promise in improving the outcomes of aged kidney transplants. Hence, advancing our understanding of REC and kidney aging will create opportunities for innovations that could improve outcomes for both elderly individuals and CKD patients.
High-resolution anoscopy referral rates adopting different anal cancer screening strategies for men who have sex with men
Authors: Benevolo Maria , Giuliani Massimo , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Rollo Francesca , Giuliani Eugenia , Stingone Christof , Gianserra Laura , Zaccarelli Mauro , Latini Alessandra , Donà Maria Gabriella
Published: February 2025

The International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) has generated recommendations for anal cancer screening, identifying MSM living with HIV (MSM-LWH) ≥35 years and MSM-noHIV ≥45 years as groups to prioritize. Since high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) availability is still limited across Europe, a retrospective study was conducted to estimate the potential HRA referral rates of the STI/HIV center of a European capital city using IANS-recommended strategies. The study included participants in a program for the Surveillance of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and anal HPV natural history (SAIN project). MSM-LWH ≥35 years and MSM-noHIV ≥45 years with valid results for liquid-based anal cytology and HPV test at baseline were included. The strategies evaluated were: cytology as a standalone test or with high-risk (hr)HPV triage; hrHPV (with/without HPV16 genotyping) as a standalone test or with cytology triage; co-testing with cytology and hrHPV (with/without HPV16 genotyping). Overall, 307 MSM were included (244 LWH, 79.5%). HrHPV as a standalone test led to the highest referral rate in both MSM-LWH and MSM-noHIV (74.6% and 55.6%, respectively). Cytology with hrHPV triage (without genotyping) and hrHPV with cytology triage resulted in the same referral rates (44.3% in MSM-LWH and 27.0% in MSM-noHIV). In settings with insufficient HRA capacity, only ASC-H/HSIL (4.9% and 9.5% for MSM-LWH and MSM-noHIV, respectively) and HPV16+ MSM (27% and 20.6%, respectively) would be referred to HRA. Adoption of IANS recommendations should balance the sensitivity of the screening algorithm and the HRA referral rate because the latter is a matter of concern in settings with limited HRA capacity.
Isolation of hydrogen from water and its utilization as a co-fuel for trucks into fuel-efficient vehicles
Authors: Kradang-nga Sittichot , Kachapongkun Pongsakorn , Chowwanonthapunya Thee
Published: February 2025

This research focused on the separation of hydrogen gas from water and its utilization as a supplementary fuel blended with the primary fuel of an internal combustion engine. The test was divided into two steps: evaluating the energy efficiency of the electrolyzer and conducting experiments on pickup trucks (common rail diesel engine, 2,499 cc) to determine energy savings and pollution emission. The results showed that the efficiency of the electrolysis system with an average electricity consumption of 125.74 W was 84.83 kWh/kgH2 and the theoretical efficiency of the electrolyzer in separating hydrogen gas from water was 45.97%. Results from the test on a pickup truck using 100% diesel fuel and hydrogen-diesel dual fuel with loads of 1,850 and 2,100 kg over a distance of 11 km showed that using a hydrogen-diesel dual system resulted in fuel savings of 27.8% and 16.70%, as compared to that of using pure diesel fuel system. Besides, levels of black smoke, PM2.5, and PM10 of the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel system were lower than those of the pure diesel fuel system.
A novel technique for optimization of BLDC-based dual-motor electric vehicles using adaptive BFO-based PID controller
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Amitesh
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the imperative for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems to operate at higher speeds with effective motor control, given the rapid advancement of EV technology. Specifically focusing on electric 2-wheelers, we aim to enhance their maximum speed range from 45 km/hr to 110 km/hr by optimizing the control strategy of a widely used commercial e-bike from Vespa. Our approach explores the feasibility of employing a dual motor system instead of a single motor, coupled with optimization techniques for a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller governing a linear brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, our method offers advantages such as consistent convergence, ease of implementation, and high computational efficiency. By employing bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) along with an adaptive BFO (ABFO) technique to optimize the PID controller, we achieve significantly faster response times compared to conventional BFO methods. These findings underscore the efficacy of our approach in enhancing the speed control and acceleration characteristics of EV propulsion systems, contributing to the ongoing evolution of electric mobility solutions.
Rounding function-based zero crossing detection for a sensorless BLDC motor control
Authors: Gujja Musa Mohammed , Ishak Dahaman , Hamidi Muhammad Najwan , Salem Mohamed , Abdullah Mohamad Nazir , Alluhaybi Khalil
Published: February 2025

Permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are favored for their low maintenance, high reliability, and efficiency, making them ideal for industrial, domestic, military, aerospace, and robotics applications. Sensor less control is the most preferred technique for PMBLDC motors due to its reliability and cost-effectiveness, eliminating the need for physical sensors. A crucial aspect of sensor less control is accurately detecting the point of zero crossing of the back electromotive force (BEMF) signals. Traditional methods, such as rotor position estimation, input observers, and AI-based strategies, can suffer from high ripples and computational inefficiencies. This paper introduces an approach using the rounding function to determine the point of zero crossing, aiming to enhance precision and reduce computational overhead. The rounding function converts continuous BEMF signals into discrete signals, minimizing ripples and facilitating accurate zero-crossing detection. This method improves detection accuracy while simplifying computation demands. Validation was performed through a MATLAB Simulink simulation and an experiment using the F28379D microcontroller, gate driver, and a six-switch inverter. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showing agreement between experimental and simulation outcomes.
Control strategy comparison of the 8/6 switched reluctance motor in several inverter topologies
Authors: Martua Ronaldo , Emir Alam Raihan , Suhendra Michael , Yesayevtta Denri , Rizqiawan Arwindra , Furqani Jihad
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a control strategy for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) using the asymmetric half-bridge (AHB), shared switch, and Miller converter based on MATLAB/Simulink and TMS320F28379D. The control strategy implemented in this study involves the application of proportional-integral (PI) speed control with a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching method for each topology. By employing this control strategy, the system aims to regulate the speed of the motor and achieve the desired performance while ensuring efficient power utilization. The PI controller is utilized to adjust the motor's speed based on the error between the desired and actual speeds, enabling precise control. Additionally, the PWM switching method is employed to modulate the motor voltage, allowing for smooth and continuous speed adjustments. A thorough method for maximizing each topology's performance and raising the overall system efficiency is provided by this combination of control techniques. The detailed analysis and operation of each converter are presented in this paper. Simulation and experiment results show that AHB and shared switch have better performance than Miller. But the Miller converter needs the least number of switching components. Although the performance of the shared switch is equal to that of AHB, uses of this topology are limited to SRM with an even number of phases.
Dynamic response analysis of induction motor drive influenced by controller design methods
Authors: Kaewma Panuwat , Pothi Nattapong , Rakpenthai Chawasak
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a comparison study focusing on the dynamic response and tracking accuracy for the induction motor drive system influenced by the controller design methods. Pole-zero cancellation (PZC) and pole placement (PP) methods are commonly used to define the controller gains for motor drive systems, and both methods are verified in this paper. The bandwidth of controllers for both methods is set equally based on the field-oriented control strategy, which consists of current and speed control loops. Furthermore, the test conditions are defined to examine the drive system performance, i.e., i) load torque rapidly changes with the maintained speed and ii) speed changes in no-load and with-load torque conditions to validate the current and speed control loops, respectively. The validation of the drive system performance influenced by the controller design methods is demonstrated by simulation results.
Methods for ensuring stability of operating conditions of an electric power system with distributed generation plants
Authors: Iliev Iliya , Kryukov Andrey , Bulatov Yuri , Suslov Konstantin , Beloev Ivan , Valeeva Yuliya
Published: February 2025

Modern electric power systems (EPSs) experience an increase in the number of distributed generation plants. These plants can be located far from the center of consumption, which "narrows" the areas of static aperiodic stability, determining the possibility of the existence of the operating mode of the electric power system. Since there can be variations in the operating conditions of distributed generation plants and changes in the areas of static aperiodic stability, it is necessary to use adaptive control algorithms. The presented methods are based on the equations of limit conditions. Reliable convergence of iterative processes is ensured by specifying initial approximations based on the proposed starting algorithms. Modeling of transient processes in the studied EPS was performed for various points in the space of controlled operating parameters in the MATLAB system. It showed the effectiveness of the fuzzy control system when used to adjust the settings of automatic regulators of distributed generation plants. The greatest effect is observed for generator voltage: the transition process time for the first distributed generation installation is reduced by four times, and for the second installation – by 2.3 times; there are no generator voltage fluctuations in transient mode.
Post-fault voltage limit assessment for six-phase induction machines: a synchronous and slip frequency approach
Authors: Muhammad Zin Nooradzianie , Wan Abdul Munim Wan Noraishah , Abidin Ahmad Farid , Che Hang Seng , Mohamad Elias Mohamad Fathi , Baharom Rahimi
Published: February 2025

Six-phase machine research has attracted a lot of attention lately, as seen by the large number of articles and case studies that have been written about it. Six-phase induction machines are prevalent due to their simplicity in construction. A fault-tolerance system is essential to guaranteeing machine operation that is both available and continuous in the event of a disruption or failure in the system. The operational topologies of dual three-phase (D3-IM) and symmetrical six-phase (S6-IM) induction machines were studied in this research. One open-phase fault (1OPF) is covered in the study, and different scenarios including the derating factor, neutral configuration, and maximum torque (MT) operational strategy are taken into account. Using MATLAB software, machine characteristics, machine equations, and Clarke's transformation show the fault-tolerant capability of each type of machine. Moreover, a MATLAB program is developed to assess post-fault voltage control limits, allowing for a comparison between current and voltage control limits. Simulated graph results depicting line-to-line voltages against synchronous and slip frequencies across all possible fault scenarios reveal distinct fault-tolerant capabilities between the two machine types. The comparative study shows that S6-IM offers better fault-tolerant capability than D3-IM based on both various synchronous and slip frequency approaches.
Estimator-based single phase second order variable structure controller for the pitch control of a variable speed wind turbine
Authors: Nguyen Cong-Trang , Phan Tai Thanh
Published: February 2025

A novel single phase second order variable structure controller (SPSOVSC) based on estimated variables and output information only is presented for the variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) system. In contrast with a recent method, the output feedback and second order sliding mode control techniques are deliberated for the SPSOVSC design in the VSWT. The selection of an integral single-phase sliding surface is established such that the reaching phase required in the basic variable structure control (BVSC) scheme is removed since the plant’s state trajectories always begin from the sliding surface. In addition, appropriate stability constraints by Lyapunov based novel linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique are acquired to guarantee the entire VSWT plant’s steadiness. Using the proposed techniques, the SPSOVSC is developed to modify BVSC to advance the performance of VSWT plant in terms of overshoot and settling time. The results show the new scheme is highly robust in sliding variable's fast convergence to zero asymptotically. It is obvious that the robustness of the proposed controller in terms of steadiness and usefulness of the scheme.
Real-time implementation of a combined controller-observer approach for shunt active filters
Authors: Kiran Nagulapati , Naidu I. E. S.
Published: February 2025

The crucial role of shunt active power filter (SAPF) is to compensate for reactive power, balances unbalanced currents and counteract harmonics produced due to non-linear loads, by injecting phase-opposed compensation current by designing an appropriate controller. In this work, a combined controller-observer state and disturbances estimation scheme for a SAPF is proposed. To avoid the requirement of full-state feedback, unknown input observers (UIO) is designed. This is conducted in OPAL-RT OP4510 environment. Real-time simulations are used to show how successful the suggested controller-observer architecture for SAPF is; wherein the estimated states from the observer are fed back to the controller, and finally, the disturbance is also estimated. UIO is designed for SAPF to deal with nominal conditions and in the presence of sinusoidal disturbance.The OPAL-RT results clearly show that LO introduces steady state error between the reference input and the estimated state of SAPF in the presence of disturbances. This steady state error is completely eliminated in presence of all disturbances using UIO. The results also show that UIO perfectly tracks the reference input in the presence of disturbances. Further, disturbances are also estimated perfectly with UIO.
Control of quarter electric vehicle based on PACEJKA tire model by fuzzy sliding controller
Authors: Baz Rachida , El Majdoub Khalid , Giri Fouad , Ammari Ossama
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design of a hybrid intelligent fuzzy sliding controller (HIFSC) for a purely electric quarter vehicle (QEV) using a brushless DC (BLDC) motor and a PACEJKA tire model. The proposed system processes control signals to manage the QEV's dynamic longitudinal behavior. The BLDC motor and tire are modeled together to form an in-wheel motor system, which is inherently non-linear and subject to uncertainties. To address these challenges, an intelligent controller integrating sliding mode control (SMC) with fuzzy logic tuning is proposed. While SMC is effective in managing non-linearities, it is prone to chattering. The incorporation of fuzzy logic aims to mitigate this issue, ensuring stability and maintaining the sliding mode. The system and controller were simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that the fuzzy sliding mode controller outperforms the conventional PI controller by reducing chattering and enhancing the system's sensitivity to external noise, without overshooting across various road conditions. Notably, the slip rate achieves a maximum of around 2.1% on wet roads.
Control of shunt active power filter for power quality improvements with PV system using MPC approach
Authors: Heguig Larouci , Mesbahi Nadhir , Guettaf Yacine
Published: February 2025

The major issue facing the electrical grid is the excessive use of non-linear loads, which pull distorted (non-sinusoidal) current from the grid. Considering this constraint, the objective is to remove any harmonic currents from the grid. The active filtering method has been selected, particularly focusing on the use of the shunt active filter, which provides numerous benefits. Therefore, in order to achieve effective harmonic compensation, a suitable and resilient control system is necessary for the shunt active filter. The system outlined in this study comprises a photovoltaic generator connected to the distribution electrical grid via a shunt active filter in order to simultaneously ensure the injection of renewable power generated by the photovoltaic generator into the grid and the improvement of the electrical energy quality. In this study, a model predictive current is introduced for shunt active power with fuzzy logic control to optimize the tracking of the maximum power point for the photovoltaic generator. The system was studied under various conditions, and the simulation was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink on the entire system.
Torgue and flux ripple mitigation technique using multi-level inverter for sequential model predictive controlled induction motor
Authors: Abobaker Abobaker Kikki , Nordin Norjulia Mohamad , Razak Azizah Abdul
Published: February 2025

The control of electric motors presents a fascinating topic in the field of electrical engineering. Three-phase induction motors are extensively employed in industrial applications, because of their durability and cost-effectiveness. Hence, induction motor control research remains a major priority in electrical drive technology. Field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are the most common control methods for industrial applications up to now. Recently developed microcontroller processing capabilities have enabled novel control technology like model predictive control (MPC). High-performance drive systems could benefit from this new control method. One of MPC approach, referred to as finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC), focuses on reducing a single cost function. This is achieved by adjusting a weighting factor to prioritize either torque or flux error reduction. However, the primary drawbacks of the standard FCS-MPC lie in determining these weighting factors and the variable switching frequency, which greatly varies based on the operational conditions. A control approach that eliminated the weighing factor was proposed. The proposed sequential model predictive control (SMPC) method is applied to a 3-phase induction motor operated by a 5-level CHB inverter. Simulation results matched theoretical analysis. Results demonstrated that stator flux and torque are independently controlled without weighting factor, and low harmonic distortion levels.
Harmonics elimination and reactive power compensation based on novel SDFT-PLL shunt active power filter control approach
Authors: Arafa Osama M. , Mamdouh Mona M. , Mansour Ahmed , Elkady Zeinab
Published: February 2025

Active power filters are used to reduce current harmonics and compensate for reactive power in non-linear loads. This paper compares two approaches for estimating compensated current for a shunt active filter. The synchronous-reference- frame theory d-q and sliding fast Fourier-Transform algorithms are compared in this study. The comparison is based on the outcomes of simulations. For different load conditions, the results achieved by the approaches mentioned differ greatly. The sliding discrete Fourier transform SDFT approach has revealed the optimum choice. Indeed, sliding discrete Fourier transform-phase-locked-loop or SDFT-PLL is a perfect method also for synchronizing the inverter with a weak noisy grid.
Review on multi-input DC-DC converters topologies for electric vehicle charging application
Authors: Rajalakshmi M. , Sultana W. Razia , Vanishree J. , Chitra A. , Prabha D. Rama , Manimozhi M.
Published: February 2025

The evolving fast-charging technology ends the hindrances of electric vehicle (EV) usage by integrating renewable energy sources and hybrid energy storage systems to increase the range and reliability of the vehicle. Nowadays, the development of the smart grid hosts bi-directional operation for improving the power quality by sending power from EV to the grid. For that, the multi-input (MI) converters are the breakthrough with the bidirectional conduction operation, which supports the power flow from vehicle to grid, vehicle, and building operation (V2X). Another important criterion for EV chargers is the high-power density with less losses by zero voltage and current switching and less circulating current, which can be achieved with resonant converters. All existing reviews missed out on focusing on resonant converters for bi-directional MI converters. This paper reviews the bi-directional converter topologies with multiple inputs suitable for V2X operation based on high and low voltage, frequency, control, and switching components.
Optimization of resonant capacitance values for high-efficiency uninterruptible wireless power transfer system using CST software
Authors: Rawi Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad , Baharom Rahimi
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an innovative methodology for optimizing resonant capacitance values (Cp and Cs) to enhance the efficiency of uninterruptible wireless power transfer (UWPT) systems, utilizing advanced computer simulation technology (CST) software. Precise tuning of resonant capacitance is critical for achieving optimal frequency matching, which directly influences system performance. The study focuses on three coil configuration strategies: standard coil configuration, coil integrated with ferrite, and coil enclosed within a casing and ferrite. These configurations were analyzed to identify the optimal capacitance values, resulting in significant efficiency improvements. Through comprehensive CST simulations, the capacitance values of Cp1, Cp2, and Cs were optimized to 140.8 nF, 105.6 nF, and 145.5 nF, respectively, achieving a remarkable power transfer efficiency of 99.61% in the casing and ferrite configuration. The proposed optimization methodology consistently achieved efficiencies exceeding 90% between the transmitter and receiver coils. Beyond simulation results, this research highlights the potential for real-world applications and underscores the importance of precise parameter optimization in advancing high-efficiency wireless power transfer systems. Future studies will aim to validate the findings experimentally and explore broader applications of the proposed system.
Proposed high gain single DC-source SC-MLI topology for solar PV grid integration applications
Authors: Mohammad Khan , Arif M. Saad , Md. Ayob Shahrin , Alrajhi Hasan , Alam Mohd Sarfaraz , Ahmad Mohd Faraz
Published: February 2025

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are a key solution for converting DC to AC power. In this article, an improved single-source SC-MLI topology is developed for solar PV applications. It consists of 12 unidirectional switches, 3 capacitors, and 3 diodes to provide sextuple voltage boosting with a lower cost function. Since the capacitor's voltage is self-balanced, there is no need for an additional circuit or sensors, bringing down the circuit's complexity. A simple and fundamental frequency-based control strategy, nearest-level pulse width modulation, is applied to assess the viability of the proposed topology. As a result, the proposed topology has an efficiency of over 97%, and it can generate 13 levels with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 6.51%. Comparative analysis is performed to show the feasibility of the proposed topology which outperformed other 13-level similar topologies in terms of component count, cost factor, and boosting factor. The proposed topology's performance is evaluated under static and dynamic loads. Furthermore, the thermal analysis is performed using PLECS software to determine the efficiency of the circuit topology. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed circuit is verified for solar PV application.
Battery management system employing passive control method
Authors: Fahmi Muhamad Aqil Muqri Muhamad , Yusoff Siti Hajar , Gunawan Teddy Surya , Zabidi Suriza Ahmad , Abu Hanifah Mohd Shahrin
Published: February 2025

A battery management system (BMS) is essential for maintaining peak efficiency and longevity of rechargeable batteries. Conventional battery management system techniques often struggle to monitor, protect, and particularly have difficulties in balancing batteries. The project proposed has introduced a battery management system that employs passive control techniques to address excess energy and overcome these challenges. In the proposed design, a shunt resistor dissipates surplus energy from lithium-ion battery cells into heat following the proposed BMS design. This passive control technique is economically efficient, uncomplicated, and does not require an external power source. A prototype of the proposed BMS design was tested and was able to accurately monitor the battery, dissipate excess energy, and protect the battery while maintaining the cell charge balance. These findings suggest that the proposed BMS has the potential to improve both the effectiveness and longevity of rechargeable batteries.
Modular multi-input converter design for hybrid energy storage system used in traction power substation
Authors: Toh Chuen Ling , Tan Ching Sin , Tan Chee Wei
Published: February 2025

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) which consists of battery and supercapacitor is proposed to store bulk regenerative braking energy for future traction power substation. This system aims to optimize energy utilization and enhance the sustainability of rail transport. To facilitate bidirectional power flow between the traction network and the HESS, this paper introduces a modular multi-input converter (MMIC) to dynamically transfers during both braking and acceleration phases of train operation. The proposed MMIC operates in multiple modes, allowing for seamless energy exchange between the battery and supercapacitor, thus minimizing the depth of discharge of the battery and extending its lifespan. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the MMIC is presented, detailing its four distinct operating modes. Additionally, simulation model of a 1.5 kV traction power substation with 500 kWh HESS is developed to validate the performance of the MMIC during steady-state operation. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in energy recovery and storage capabilities, underscoring the potential of the HESS to support future traction power substations in achieving higher efficiency and sustainability.
Performance improvement of harmonic detection algorithm in three phase three wire shunt active power filter under balance voltage condition
Authors: Usman Zubairu , Azmi Muhammad Hasbi , Mohammad Noor Siti Zaliha , Musa Suleiman
Published: February 2025

Effective harmonic current identification is critical for shunt active power filters (SAPF) to provide accurate and sufficient compensation. This study proposes a modified synchronous reference frame fundamental (MSRFF) method for harmonic extraction in three-phase, three-wire systems. A band pass filter (BPF) was designed by combining low-pass and high-pass filters in the direct-quadrature (d-q) reference frame to improve filtering performance. Unlike traditional methods using phase-locked loops (PLL), this approach employs unit vector templates for synchronization and relies on direct current measurements from load currents. The band pass filter, with low cutoff frequencies, effectively isolates harmonic components in heavily contaminated systems, outperforming other filtering methods. System performance was evaluated using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulations, where total harmonic distortion (THD) values were reduced to 2.19% with a low pass filter, 0.99% with a conventional band pass filter, and 0.98% with the combined filter approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can accurately track and estimate harmonic signals, offering a robust solution for shunt active power filter applications.
Bidirectional AC/AC converter linking two microgrids in a flexible microgrid
Authors: Vinh Nguyen The , Dung Nguyen Van
Published: February 2025

The proposed single-phase flexible AC/AC converter in an AC microgrid controlled by the PWM method is presented and tested with a small capacity. This converter uses a simple and small number of semiconductor switches and passive elements to limit power loss and increase efficiency. It has higher reliability, safety, and continuity of power supply in operation than traditional AC/AC converters due to the power circuit structure of the converter. It has the function of increasing or decreasing voltage when connecting to two microgrids and can be directly connected to distributed energy sources in microgrid systems with distributed power sources and loads. Besides, the AC/AC converter can be connected to the storage system to improve continuity and voltage stability for the grid. The performance of the proposed converter is compared with existing similar converters. The paper presents the analysis of simulation results by OrCAD with power values from 0.1-5 kW and experimental power with typical values in the range of 0.5-3.5 kW at different scenarios of the converter.
Enhanced reaching law for improved response in sliding mode control of PMSM motors with fuzzy logic integration
Authors: Truong Khanh Quoc , Huynh Son , Vo Dung Hoang , Pham Minh Duc
Published: February 2025

The rising demand for high-performance permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is responsible for the development of PMSM speed control. Although the proportional-integral controller is often used in field-oriented control (FOC) for motor speed regulation, it has drawbacks like slow response and instability. This paper proposed an enhanced sliding mode controller with a modified sliding surface to achieve better speed control performance. In comparison to proportional-integral or PI controller, fuzzy logic controller, conventional sliding mode controller, the proposed control approach uses a reaching law that incorporates a fuzzy logic controller. A smoother and faster response time is targeted by the proposed approach compared to conventional sliding mode control. Practical small-scale PMSM experiments certify the effectiveness of our proposed enhanced sliding mode control.
Certain investigations on performance analysis of different converter designs for smart micro-grid systems
Authors: Krishnamoorthy N. , Hanumanthakari Sudheer , Sivasubramanian Gobimohan , Prabha A. , Hemachandu P. , Veeramanikandan P. , Medikondu Nageswara Rao , Gopinathan R. , Anbarasu L.
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a grid-connected hybrid renewable power system. A LUO converter driven by ABC-PI controller is used to produce stable DC-link voltage. To enhance the voltage, a LUO converter is used, and the boosted voltage is regulated by an ABC-PI controller. Using the suggested optimization approach, the power fluctuation is kept at a low value. The execution of the proposed optimization is efficient, as it is simple and robust. It has a limited number of control parameters as compared to other approaches. The suggested method is described in complete detail, together with its converter and control mechanisms. The modeling and experimental results are validated to ensure that the system is feasible. The HRES is analyzed through simulation in MATLAB with converters like boost, SEPIC, and LUO. The results reveal that the LUO converter performs better with a minimum settling time of 0.175 seconds with a source current THD of 1.29%. From the modeling and the simulation results, it has been revealed that the proposed technology provides more reliable and steady power.