bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Neutral-Point Potential Balance Strategy for Three-Level NPC Back-to-Back Converter Based on the Neutral-Point Current Injection Model
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Liu Haiyuan , Wang Wenchao , Wang Kangan
Published: March 2015

The neutral-point (NP) potential balance control in three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) back-to-back converter is a research nodus. Its current strategies are the same as the strategies of a single three-level NPC converter. But the strategies do not give full play to its advantages that the neutral-point current can only flow through the connected midlines in both sides of the converter but does not flow through the DC-bus capacitors. In this paper, firstly the NP potential model based on the NP current injected is proposed. It overcomes numerous variable constraints and mutual coupling in the conventional model based on the zero-sequence voltage injected. And then on this basis, three NP-potential balance control algorithms, unilateral control, bilateral independent control, and bilateral coordinated control, are proposed according to difference requirements. All of these algorithms use the midlines rather than the DC-bus capacitors to flow the NP current as much as possible. Their control abilities are further quantitatively analyzed and compared. Finally, simulation results verify the validity and effectiveness of these algorithms.
Optimized PID Position Control of a Nonlinear System Based on Correlating the Velocity with Position Error
Authors: Muškinja Nenad , Rižnar Matej
Published: March 2015

We examined a design approach for a PID controller for a nonlinear ball and beam system. Main objective of our research was to establish a nonmodel based control system, which would also not be dependent on a specific ball and beam hardware setup. The proposed PID controller setup is based on a cascaded configuration of an inner PID ball velocity control loop and an outer proportional ball position control loop. The effectiveness of the proposed controller setup was first presented in simulation environment in comparison to a hardware dependent PD cascaded controller, along with a more comprehensive study on possible design approach for optimal PID controller parameters in relation to main functionality of the controller setup. Experimental real time control results were then obtained on a laboratory setup of the ball and beam system on which PD cascaded controller could not be applied without parallel system model processing.
Prognostic Factors of Early Morphological Response to Treatment with Ranibizumab in Patients with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Chrapek Oldřich , Jarkovský Jiří , Šín Martin , Studnička Jan , Kolář Petr , Jirková Barbora , Dušek Ladislav , Pitrová Šárka , Řehák Jiří
Published: March 2015

Aim. To assess the significance of age, gender, baseline best corrected visual acuity, baseline macula thickness, and type and size of choroidal neovascularization in early morphological therapeutic response to ranibizumab treatment in patients with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration.Methods. From 09/2008 to 06/2013 we evaluated 1153 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients treated with ranibizumab. Based on the morphological findings in the macula following the initial 3 injections of ranibizumab, the patients were divided into two groups based on active and inactive choroidal neovascularization.Results. After the initial 3 injections of ranibizumab, we examined the sample of 841 eyes with active CNV and 312 eyes with inactive CNV. In the inactive group, we found a statistically higher proportion of occult CNV (P<0.001) and lower incidence of CNV greater than 5DA (P < 0.001) compared with the active group. We found no statistically significant difference in age, gender, baseline best corrected visual acuity, or baseline macula thickness between the inactive and active groups.Conclusion. Occult CNV and CNV smaller than 5DA are optimistic factors for a better morphological therapeutic response at the beginning of ranibizumab treatment.
PEComa in a Young Patient with Known Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Neofytou Kyriakos , Famularo Simone , Khan Aamir Z.
Published: March 2015

Perivascular epithelioid cells neoplasms (PEComas) constitute a family of rare tumours which have been reported virtually in all anatomic sites. The histological clarification of the malignant potential of these tumours is still problematic despite the proposed risk stratification systems. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is caused by a germline mutation in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene. It is a rare but well-characterized cancer predisposition syndrome leading to the development of a variety of different tumour types. To the best of our knowledge, an association between this syndrome and PEComas has not been previously documented. A 24-year-old lady with known LFS presented with two uncertain-in-nature lesions, one within the right part of the liver and one within the upper pole of the right kidney. The patient underwent an uncomplicated open simultaneous right partial nephrectomy and resection of segment 7 of the liver. The morphological and immunohistochemical features of both lesions were of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (PEComa). Although the obvious scenario was that the liver lesion was a metastasis from the renal lesion, the assessment of their malignant potential according to the existing risk stratification systems was rather in favour of two synchronous primary PEComas, pointing out that the histological assessment of malignant potential of PEComas is still problematic.
Negative Energy Balance Induced by Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Causes Multicompartmental Changes in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Mônico-Neto Marcos , Giampá Sara Quaglia de Campos , Lee Kil Sun , de Melo Camila Maria , Souza Helton de Sá , Dáttilo Murilo , Minali Paulo Alexandre , Santos Prado Pedro Henrique , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Túlio , Antunes Hanna Karen Moreira
Published: March 2015

Objective.Describe multicompartmental changes in the fat and various muscle fiber types, as well as the hormonal profile and metabolic rate induced by SD in rats.Methods.Twenty adult male Wistar rats were equally distributed into two groups: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG was submitted to SD for 96 h. Blood levels of corticosterone (CORT), total testosterone (TESTO), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were used to assess the catabolic environment. Muscle trophism was measured using a cross-sectional area of various muscles (glycolytic, mixed, and oxidative), and lipolysis was inferred by the weight of fat depots from various locations, such as subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, and epididymal. The metabolic rate was measured using oxygen consumption (V˙O2) measurement.Results.SD increased CORT levels and decreased TESTO, IGF-1, and T4. All fat depots were reduced in weight after SD. Glycolytic and mixed muscles showed atrophy, whereas atrophy was not observed in oxidative muscle.Conclusion.Our data suggest that glycolytic muscle fibers are more sensitive to atrophy than oxidative fibers during SD and that fat depots are reduced regardless of their location.
An Improved Tabu Search Algorithm Based on Grid Search Used in the Antenna Parameters Optimization
Authors: He Di , Hong Yunlv
Published: March 2015

In the mobile system covering big areas, many small cells are often used. And the base antenna’s azimuth angle, vertical down angle, and transmit power are the most important parameters to affect the coverage of an antenna. This paper makes mathematical model and analyzes different algorithm’s performance in model. Finally we propose an improved Tabu search algorithm based on grid search, to get the best parameters of antennas, which can maximize the coverage area and minimize the interference.
A Study of the Strategic Alliance for EMS Industry: The Application of a Hybrid DEA and GM (1, 1) Approach
Authors: Wang Chia Nan , Nguyen Nhu Ty , Tran Thanh Tuyen , Huong Bui Bich
Published: March 2015

Choosing a partner is a critical factor for success in international strategic alliances, although criteria for partner selection vary between developed and transitional markets. This study aims to develop effective methods to assist enterprise to measure the firms’ operation efficiency, find out the candidate priority under several different inputs and outputs, and forecast the values of those variables in the future. The methodologies are constructed by the concepts of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and grey model (GM). Realistic data in four consecutive years (2009–2012) a total of 20 companies of the Electronic Manufacturing Service (EMS) industry that went public are completely collected. This paper tries to help target company—DMU1—to find the right alliance partners. By our proposed approach, the results show the priority in the recent years. The research study is hopefully of interest to managers who are in manufacturing industry in general and EMS enterprises in particular.
Reduced Representation Libraries from DNA Pools Analysed with Next Generation Semiconductor Based-Sequencing to Identify SNPs in Extreme and Divergent Pigs for Back Fat Thickness
Authors: Bovo Samuele , Bertolini Francesca , Schiavo Giuseppina , Mazzoni Gianluca , Dall’Olio Stefania , Fontanesi Luca
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could be associated with back fat thickness (BFT) in pigs. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the potential and limits of an experimental design that combined several methodologies. DNA samples from two groups of Italian Large White pigs with divergent estimating breeding value (EBV) for BFT were separately pooled and sequenced, after preparation of reduced representation libraries (RRLs), on the Ion Torrent technology. Taking advantage from SNAPE for SNPs calling in sequenced DNA pools, 39,165 SNPs were identified; 1/4 of them were novel variants not reported in dbSNP. Combining sequencing data with Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip genotyping results on the same animals, 661 genomic positions overlapped with a good approximation of minor allele frequency estimation. A total of 54 SNPs showing enriched alleles in one or in the other RRLs might be potential markers associated with BFT. Some of these SNPs were close to genes involved in obesity related phenotypes.
CSF1 Receptor Targeting in Prostate Cancer Reverses Macrophage-Mediated Resistance to Androgen Blockade Therapy
Authors: Escamilla Jemima , Schokrpur Shiruyeh , Liu Connie , Priceman Saul J. , Moughon Diana , Jiang Ziyue , Pouliot Frederic , Magyar Clara , Sung James L. , Xu Jingying , Deng Gang , West Brian L. , Bollag Gideon , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Jung Michael E. , Huang Jiaoti , Wu Lily
Published: March 2015

Growing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote cancer progression and therapeutic resistance by enhancing angiogenesis, matrix-remodeling, and immunosuppression. In this study, prostate cancer under androgen blockade therapy (ABT) was investigated, demonstrating that TAMs contribute to prostate cancer disease recurrence through paracrine signaling processes. ABT induced the tumor cells to express macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF1 or CSF1) and other cytokines that recruit and modulate macrophages, causing a significant increase in TAM infiltration. Inhibitors of CSF1 signaling through its receptor, CSF1R, were tested in combination with ABT, demonstrating that blockade of TAM influx in this setting disrupts tumor promotion and sustains a more durable therapeutic response compared with ABT alone. Cancer Res; 75(6); 950–62. ©2015 AACR.
Immunohistochemical Loss of LKB1 Is a Biomarker for More Aggressive Biology in KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Calles Antonio , Sholl Lynette M. , Rodig Scott J. , Pelton Ashley K. , Hornick Jason L. , Butaney Mohit , Lydon Christine , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Jackman David M. , Jänne Pasi A.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: LKB1 loss is common in lung cancer, but no assay exists to efficiently evaluate the presence or absence of LKB1. We validated an IHC assay for LKB1 loss and determined the impact of LKB1 loss in KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: We optimized and validated an IHC assay for LKB1 (clone Ley37D/G6) using a panel of lung cancer cell lines and tumors with known LKB1 mutations, including 2 patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) who developed lung adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed tumors for LKB1 using IHC from 154 KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients, including 123 smokers and 31 never-smokers, and correlated the findings with patient and tumor characteristics and clinical outcome.

Results: LKB1 expression was lost by IHC in 30% of KRAS-mutant NSCLC (smokers 35% vs. never-smokers 13%, P = 0.017). LKB1 loss did not correlate with a specific KRAS mutation but was more frequent in tumors with KRAS transversion mutations (P = 0.029). KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients with concurrent LKB1 loss had a higher number of metastatic sites at the time of diagnosis (median 2.5 vs. 2, P = 0.01), higher incidence of extrathoracic metastases (P = 0.01), and developed brain metastasis more frequently (48% vs. 25%, P = 0.02). There was a nonsignificant trend to worse survival in stage IV KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients with LKB1 loss.

Conclusions: LKB1 IHC is a reliable and efficient assay to evaluate for loss of LKB1 in clinical samples of NSCLC. LKB1 loss is more common in smokers, and is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype in KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients, accordingly to preclinical models. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2851–60. ©2015 AACR.
Diverse Patterns of Perilymphatic Space Enhancement in the Rat Inner Ear after Intratympanic Injection of Two Different Types of Gadolinium: A 9.4-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Park Mina , Lee Ho Sun , Choi Jun-Jae , Kim Hyeonjin , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung Ha , Suh Myung-Whan
Published: March 2015

Objective: To compare the quality of perilymphatic enhancement in the rat inner ear after intratympanic injection of two types of gadolinium with a 9.4-tesla micro-MRI. Materials and Methods: Gadolinium was injected into the middle ear in 6 Sprague-Dawley rats via the transtympanic route. The left ear was injected with Gd-DO3A-butrol first, and then the right ear was injected with Gd-DOTA. MR images of the inner ear were acquired 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4 h after intratympanic (IT) injection using an Agilent MRI system 9.4T/160/AS. The normalized signal intensity was quantitatively analyzed at the scala vestibuli (SV), scala media, and scala tympani (ST) using a Marosis M-view system. Then the normalized signal intensities (SIs) were compared between the two contrast agents. Results: For Gd-DO3A-butrol, the SI was as low as 1.0-1.5 throughout 1-4 h at the SV and ST of the basal turn. The maximum SI was 1.5 ± 0.5 at the SV (2 h) and 1.3 ± 0.5 at the ST (2 h). For Gd-DOTA, the 1-hour postinjection SI at the basal turn was 2.5 ± 0.5 at the SV, 1.6 ± 0.3 at the ST, and 1.2 ± 0.3 at the scala media. In the apical turn, the maximum SI was reached after 2.5 h. The maximum SI in the apical turn was 1.8 ± 0.4 at the SV (3.5 h), 1.8 ± 0.4 at the ST (4 h), and 1.4 ± 0.3 at the scala media (4 h). Conclusions: We were able to clearly visualize and separate the ST and SV using IT Gd and 9.4-tesla micro-MRI. We recommend using Gd-DO3A-butrol over Gd-DOTA and to perform the MRI 2.5 h after using IT Gd in the rat inner ear.
Olfactory-Ensheathing Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Repair: Update on Recent Developments
Authors: Radtke Christine , Kocsis Jeffery D.
Published: March 2015

A number of important advances have been made using transplantation of olfactory-ensheathing cells (OECs) to provide therapeutic effects with regard to peripheral nerve repair. In vivo studies have focused on transplanting OECs to stimulate axonal regeneration and sprouting, increase remyelination, confer neuroprotection, enhance neovascularization and replace lost cells. OECs support axonal regeneration and remyelination with appropriate formation of axonal nodes of Ranvier with improvement of nerve conduction velocity. Current work using gene profiling and proteomics is identifying potential therapeutic differences between OECs harvested from nasal mucosa and the olfactory bulb and genes that OECs express that may be conducive to neural repair. OECs derived from nasal mucosa are of clinical interest since the cells could potentially be harvested from a patient and used for autotransplantation. Various nerve scaffolds and materials have been used for nerve repair and recent studies have examined OECs in combination with various supportive materials, including nanoparticles and scaffolds for peripheral nerve substance defects. This review will discuss the use of OECs in nerve repair and nerve defect injuries with specific emphasis on differences between OECs derived from the olfactory bulb and the olfactory mucosa.
Enamel Formation Genes Associated with Dental Erosive Wear
Authors: Søvik Jenny B. , Vieira Alexandre R. , Tveit A.B. , Mulic Aida
Published: March 2015

Dental erosive wear is a multifactorial condition that is greatly affected by environmental factors. So far, no study has investigated how dental erosive wear is influenced by variations in enamel formation genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate polymorphisms in genes involved in enamel formation and their influence on enamel susceptibility to dental erosion. DNA samples were collected from 795 Norwegian adolescents aged 16-18 years. Five single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected candidate genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin 1 and tuftelin interacting protein 11), reported to influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared within two patient groups with dental erosions; all participants with dental erosion and only those with severe dental erosion (erosion extending into dentine). Overrepresentation of the G allele of the enamelin marker was seen in the erosion group compared to the unaffected group (p = 0.047). When erosion severity was considered, statistical significant difference in allele frequency was observed for amelogenin, with the C allele suggesting a protective role (p = 0.02). A suggestive overrepresentation of the TT genotype of the amelogenin marker was also seen in cases with severe erosion (p = 0.049) when compared to cases with no dentine erosion. Amelogenin was also associated with severe erosion in the recessive model; the TT genotype was significantly more frequent in the affected group than in the unaffected group (p = 0.01). The present study suggests that polymorphisms in enamel formation genes are statistically associated with an individual's susceptibility to dental erosive wear.
A Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Phosphate Binders Cost-Effectiveness in the RISCAVID Study
Authors: Panichi Vincenzo , Rosati Alberto , Di Giorgio Adriana , Scatena Alessia , Bigazzi Roberto , Grazi Giovanni , Migliori Massimiliano , Paoletti Sabrina , Manca Rizza Giovanni , Casani Aldo , Sgambato Alessandro , Ruggeri Matteo
Published: March 2015

Background: A pharmacoeconomic analysis of the RISCAVID database aimed at assessing the cost effectiveness of phosphate binders in preventing CV mortality and morbidity over 7 years was performed. Methods: Morbid or fatal events occurring in 750 chronic HD patients were recorded. Statistical analysis evaluated the distribution of variables and the effect of sevelamer on survival. A cost-effectiveness evaluation was performed using a probabilistic model based on a Markov chain. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with sevelamer was associated with a reduced stroke incidence by 52% (p = 0.04) and reduced levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Cost-effectiveness evaluation evidenced a 33% decrease in hospital-days for patients treated with sevelamer, with and without comorbidities compared to patients undergoing calcium binders treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with sevelamer was associated with a reduced risk of stroke in HD patients, with a clear saving on disease-related costs for the Italian National Healthcare System.
MAN1B1 Mutation Leads to a Recognizable Phenotype: A Case Report and Future Prospects
Authors: Hoffjan Sabine , Epplen Jörg T. , Reis André , Abou Jamra Rami
Published: March 2015

Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common reasons for referral to genetic counseling. Nevertheless, in over 50% of the cases no diagnosis can be made. Here, we present how exome sequencing in combination with medical genetics evaluation led to the identification of a known pathogenic homozygous mutation in MAN1B1 in a consanguineous Turkish family. The phenotype comprised mild ID, truncal obesity and facial dysmorphism, comparable to that of the patients in the 3 recent publications on mutations in this gene. Clinically, the majority of patients in the literature showed congenital disorder of glycosylation syndrome type 2. In this study, we summarize the current knowledge about MAN1B1 mutations from the literature as well as databases and suggest that exome sequencing should be implemented in a larger scale in routine diagnostics, since autosomal recessive ID has proven to be extremely heterogeneous. Even syndromic patterns may only become recognizable retrospectively.
Bimatoprost versus Mometasone Furoate in the Treatment of Scalp Alopecia Areata: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zaher Hesham , Gawdat Heba I. , Hegazy Rehab A. , Hassan Marwa
Published: March 2015

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease that targets anagen hair follicles. Despite various therapeutic options, there is no cure for AA. Prostaglandin analogues have been recognized as being capable of inducing hypertrichosis. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost to those of corticosteroid in the treatment of scalp AA. Methods: Thirty adult patients with patchy AA (S1) were included. Two AA patches were randomly assigned to treatment either by mometasone furoate 0.1% cream once daily (area A) or bimatoprost 0.03% solution twice daily (area B) for 3 months. Patients were assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scoring system for hair re-growth. Results: All responding AA patches showed significant reduction in their SALT score after therapy. Area B demonstrated significantly better results regarding rapidity of response in weeks, percentage of hair re-growth and side effects compared to area A. Conclusion: Bimatoprost solution represents a therapeutic option for scalp AA.
Association between DNA Methylation of the BDNF Promoter Region and Clinical Presentation in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Nagata Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Ishii Jumpei , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Nakayama Ritsuko , Shibata Nobuto , Kuerban Bolati , Ohnuma Tohru , Kondo Kazuhiro , Arai Heii , Yamada Hisashi , Nakayama Kazuhiko
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: In the present study, we examined whether DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter is associated with the manifestation and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Of 20 patients with AD and 20 age-matched normal controls (NCs), the DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter (measured using peripheral blood samples) was completely analyzed in 12 patients with AD and 6 NCs. The resulting methylation levels were compared statistically. Next, we investigated the correlation between the DNA methylation levels and the clinical presentation of AD. Results: The total methylation ratio (in %) of the 20 CpG sites was significantly higher in the AD patients (5.08 ± 5.52%) than in the NCs (2.09 ± 0.81%; p < 0.05). Of the 20 CpG sites, the methylation level at the CpG4 site was significantly higher in the AD subjects than in the NCs (p < 0.05). Moreover, the methylation level was significantly and negatively correlated with some neuropsychological test subscores (registration, recall, and prehension behavior scores; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter may significantly influence the manifestation of AD and might be associated with its neurocognitive presentation.
Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels Predict Steroid-Induced Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Lin Xin , Lu Tao , Chen Pingyan , Wang Xiaobin , Hou Fan Fan
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: Glucocorticoids-induced abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) is a common medical problem in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little information is available regarding the prediction of steroid-induced AGM in this patient population. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled 303 non-diabetic CKD patients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels <5.6 mmol/l and normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). OGTT was performed every 3 months during glucocorticoid treatment to identify new-onset AGM, and patients were followed for 12 months post steroid withdrawal. Results: During 593 person-years, there were 107 incident cases of steroid-induced AGM (18/100 person-year), including 55 (51.4%) diabetes and 52 (48.6%) pre-diabetes. In a multivariate model, each millimole increase per liter in FPG enhanced the risk of AGM by 4.6-fold (hazard ratio 4.58, 95% confidence interval, 2.67-7.83). After adjusting other risk factors, a progressively increased risk of AGM or DM was observed in patients with FPG levels ≥4.8 mmol/l, as compared with those whose levels were ≤4.3 mmol/l (p for trend <0.001). Furthermore, a greater increase in FPG level (≥0.3 mmol/l) during the first 3 months of glucocorticoid treatment was associated with an increased risk for future diabetes. For predicting steroid-induced diabetes, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.90 for the combination of FPG and changes in FPG levels at month 3. Conclusion: Higher-normal FPG and a greater increase in FPG levels during glucocorticoid treatment may help to identify non-diabetic CKD patients at increased risk of steroid-induced AGM or diabetes.
Self-Blood Pressure Monitoring in an Urban, Ethnically Diverse Population
Authors: Yi Stella S. , Tabaei Bahman P. , Angell Sonia Y. , Rapin Anne , Buck Michael D. , Pagano William G. , Maselli Frank J. , Simmons Alvaro , Chamany Shadi
Published: March 2015

Background—

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although control rates have improved over time, racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension control persist. Self-blood pressure monitoring, by itself, has been shown to be an effective tool in predominantly white populations, but less studied in minority, urban communities. These types of minimally intensive approaches are important to test in all populations, especially those experiencing related health disparities, for broad implementation with limited resources.

Methods and Results—

The New York City Health Department in partnership with community clinic networks implemented a randomized clinical trial (n=900, 450 per arm) to investigate the effectiveness of self-blood pressure monitoring in medically underserved and largely black and Hispanic participants. Intervention participants received a home blood pressure monitor and training on use, whereas control participants received usual care. After 9 months, systolic blood pressure decreased (intervention, 14.7 mm Hg; control, 14.1 mm Hg;
P
=0.70). Similar results were observed when incorporating longitudinal data and calculating a mean slope over time. Control was achieved in 38.9% of intervention and 39.1% of control participants at the end of follow-up; the time-to-event experience of achieving blood pressure control in the intervention versus control groups were not different from each other (logrank
P
value =0.91).

Conclusions—

Self-blood pressure monitoring was not shown to improve control over usual care in this largely minority, urban population. The patient population in this study, which included a high proportion of Hispanics and uninsured persons, is understudied. Results indicate these groups may have additional meaningful barriers to achieving blood pressure control beyond access to the monitor itself.

Clinical Trial Registration:

http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01123577
The HEART Pathway Randomized Trial
Authors: Mahler Simon A. , Riley Robert F. , Hiestand Brian C. , Russell Gregory B. , Hoekstra James W. , Lefebvre Cedric W. , Nicks Bret A. , Cline David M. , Askew Kim L. , Elliott Stephanie B. , Herrington David M. , Burke Gregory L. , Miller Chadwick D.
Published: March 2015

Background—

The HEART Pathway is a decision aid designed to identify emergency department patients with acute chest pain for early discharge. No randomized trials have compared the HEART Pathway with usual care.

Methods and Results—

Adult emergency department patients with symptoms related to acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation on ECG (n=282) were randomized to the HEART Pathway or usual care. In the HEART Pathway arm, emergency department providers used the HEART score, a validated decision aid, and troponin measures at 0 and 3 hours to identify patients for early discharge. Usual care was based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. The primary outcome, objective cardiac testing (stress testing or angiography), and secondary outcomes, index length of stay, early discharge, and major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization), were assessed at 30 days by phone interview and record review. Participants had a mean age of 53 years, 16% had previous myocardial infarction, and 6% (95% confidence interval, 3.6%–9.5%) had major adverse cardiac events within 30 days of randomization. Compared with usual care, use of the HEART Pathway decreased objective cardiac testing at 30 days by 12.1% (68.8% versus 56.7%;
P
=0.048) and length of stay by 12 hours (9.9 versus 21.9 hours;
P
=0.013) and increased early discharges by 21.3% (39.7% versus 18.4%;
P
<0.001). No patients identified for early discharge had major adverse cardiac events within 30 days.

Conclusions—

The HEART Pathway reduces objective cardiac testing during 30 days, shortens length of stay, and increases early discharges. These important efficiency gains occurred without any patients identified for early discharge suffering MACE at 30 days.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01665521.
Association of White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Functions in Patients With Subcortical Silent Lacunar Infarcts
Authors: Chen Yaojing , Wang Ailin , Tang Jinfu , Wei Dongfeng , Li Peng , Chen Kewei , Wang Yongyan , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: March 2015

Background and Purpose—

Silent lacunar infarct (SLI) is a risk factor for dementia. This study investigated the white matter integrity abnormality and its relationship to the cognition impairments in SLI patients.

Methods—

Between 27 patients with SLI in basal ganglia and 30 healthy controls, we assessed the difference in a batter of neuropsychological tests and in white matter integrity measurements, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity, using tract-based spatial statistics.

Results—

Compared with healthy controls, SLI patients performed worse in general mental status, memory, executive function, and language ability. They also had reduced fractional anisotropy and increase mean diffusivity in brain regions such as the body and genu of corpus callosum, the forceps minor, the bilateral superior and bilateral anterior corona radiate, and the left external capsule. Furthermore, we found that in SLI patients, fractional anisotropy measure in left external capsule was positively correlated to the performance in memory and language ability.

Conclusions—

SLI in basal ganglia leads to local and remote white matter integrity damages and to the cognition impairments.
The neck flattening defensive behaviour in snakes: First record of hooding in the South American colubrid genus Philodryas
Authors: Jara Manuel , Pincheira-Donoso Daniel
Published: March 2015

Animal species have evolved a remarkable diversity of defensive phenotypic strategies aimed to deceive predators and other forms of danger. By relying on deception, these adaptations increase the chances of avoiding physical contact that may otherwise have very high fitness costs. One such deceptive behaviour is the popularly-known neck flattening, or “hooding”, observed in some snakes. Hooding consists in the lateral expansion and dorso-ventral flattening of the neck, which creates the impression of a bigger opponent during confrontations. This trait is highly characteristic of cobras (Elapidae family). However, neck flattening is not exclusive to elapids, and has in fact been observed in a few other snake lineages, including some species of the families Lamprophiidae and Colubridae. Here, we present the first report of hooding behaviour in the South American colubrid genus Philodryas, based on field observations conducted on the Chilean species P. chamissonis (the long-tailed snake). Our report adds to the few cases in which this deceptive behaviour has been observed in snakes outside the cobra family.
First record of jaguar predation on giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
Authors: Ramalheira Claudiane dos Santos , Bozzetti Bruno F. , da Cruz Andrews D. , Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Cabral Márcia M.M. , Rosas Fernando C.W.
Published: March 2015

Top of the food chain predators are often not predated upon. However, even though the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is in that category, the literature mentions many species as potential predators, including the jaguar (Panthera onca). Notwithstanding up until now there has been no registered confirmation of jaguar predation on giant otters. A predation of a jaguar on an adult female giant otter was recorded for the first time during our radio-telemetry study on giant otters in Balbina hydroelectric reservoir in Central Brazilian Amazon. The female had had a transmitter implanted on February 2012 and was killed by a jaguar ninety-four days after the surgery. This giant otter was a solitary specimen, which was captured by a jaguar while asleep in a shelter under a fallen tree trunk on the banks of one of the reservoir’s islands. The solitary pattern found in such individuals combined with the frequent use of shelters, allows predators to access them more easily and may have contributed to the predation observed in this study.
On the taxonomic identity of a fungal morph used in traditional medicine in Kerala State, India
Authors: Latha K. P. Deepna , Veluthoor Sheeba , Manimohan Patinjareveettil
Published: March 2015

A hypogeal fungus, referred to in the local Malayalam language as nilamanga (meaning hypogeal mango) is often used by traditional healers and tribal people in Kerala State, India as a cure for an assortment of ailments. Taxonomic identity of this fungal morph has long intrigued mycologists starting from M. J. Berkeley who provisionally named it as Sclerotium stipitatum Berk. & Curr. in 1860. Its unique morphology and total lack of spores of any kind defied proper identification. Morphological examinations revealed that a nilamanga specimen that we obtained recently from Kerala was indistinguishable from Berkeley’s Sclerotium stipitatum currently preserved at Kew herbarium. Molecular phylogenetic methods unequivocally proved that the nilamanga specimen was Xylaria acuminatilongissima, a termite associated species first reported from Taiwan. The hypogeal origin of nilamanga specimens indicate that they could very well be growing on abandoned subterranean termite nests. The sterile structure can be considered as a morphologically variable, multihyphal aggregated sclerotial stage of the fungus that can remain dormant or quiescent when the environment is unfavourable.
A review of the Carboniferous and Permian trilobites of Australia
Authors: VANDERLAAN TEGAN A. , EBACH MALTE C.
Published: March 2015

The first complete review of the Carboniferous and Permian trilobite species found within Australia is presented to assess the current standing of Australian taxa in a modern systematic context. The review consists of four families, 20 genera and 61 known species from the early Tournaisian to Moscovian (358.9 Ma to 304 Ma), throughout New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia and Queensland. The revision also includes a revised anatomical nomenclature for Australian Carboniferous trilobites. Emended diagnoses are provided for seven genera and 28 species. The genus Thalabaria is placed within the subfamily Archegoninae, and the genera Australokaskia and Planokaskia are placed within Cummingellinae. The subgenera Brachymetopus (Spinimetopus), Bollandia (Capricornia), Australokaskia (Longilobus) and Australokaskia (Planilobus) are suppressed within Brachymetopus, Bollandia, Australokaskia, respectively. All Brachymetopus (Brachymetopus) maccoyi subspecies are elevated to species. Species of Linguaphillipsia are considered sensu lato until there is adequate revision of the entire genus. New combinations include the following: Aprathia semicircularis is reassigned to Weania; Aprathia applanata is questionably reassigned to Carbonocoryphe; and Phillipsia squamata is tentatively reassigned to Palaeophillipsia. The following have been synonymised: Conophillipsia with Monodechenella; Megaproetus with Pudoproetus; Weberiphillipsia with Palaeophillipsia; Weania (Rosehillia) with Schizophillipsia; Conophillipsia breviceps dungogensis with Monodechenella breviceps; Linguaphillipsia raglanensis with Linguaphillipsia stanvellensis; and Weberiphillipsia girvanensis with Palaeophillipsia collinsi. Carbonocoryphe (Winterbergia) elegans, Carbonocoryphe (Winterbergia) keepitensis and Winterbergia? waterhousei are considered representatives of indeterminate genera.
Description of the final stadium larva of Heliocypha perforata perforata (Percheron), with discussion of the taxonomic characters of the larvae of the genus Heliocypha Fraser (Odonata: Zygoptera: Chlorocyphidae)
Authors: XU QI-HAN
Published: March 2015

The final stadium larva of Heliocypha perforata perforata is described and illustrated for the first time. It is characterized by having a row of filiform setae present laterally on distal half of prementum, 6-7 setae on the outer side of palpal lobe, very long lateral gills and distinct abdominal color pattern. The taxonomic characters of the larvae of the genus Heliocypha Fraser are discussed and summarized. Heliocypha larvae share a high similarity with Rhinocypha in general appearance and cannot be clearly distinguished from the latter in structure.
A new species of Lyria (Gastropoda: Volutidae) from Southern Japan
Authors: BAIL PATRICE , CHINO MITSUO
Published: March 2015

A new endemic species of Volutidae, Lyria (Lyria) ogasawarana sp. nov. is described from Chichijima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. This new species is similar to the other Pacific Lyria: L. (Lyria) cassidula cassidula (Reeve, 1849), L. (Lyria) deliciosa (Montrousier, 1859), L. (Lyria) pattersonia (Perry, 1811) and L. (Lyria) insignata (Iredale, 1940).
A new extant species of Electribius Crowson from Honduras (Coleoptera: Elateroidea: Artematopodidae)
Authors: GIMMEL MATTHEW L. , BOCAKOVA MILADA
Published: March 2015

A new extant species of Electribius Crowson, E. llamae sp.n., is described from Cusuco National Park, Cortés Province, Honduras. This new species lacks one of the supposed autapomorphies of the genus; therefore the definition of the genus requires modification. A revised key to the known extant species is presented, and their known distributions are mapped.
Considerations on systematics of the Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), with definition of a new species group and description of a new species
Authors: TSOLAKIS HARALABOS , RAGUSA SALVATORE
Published: March 2015

The authors debate some aspects of the classification of the Phytoseiidae, especially the subfamily Typhlodrominae. Within this taxon, the rhenanus group is the most numerous species group of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius), with 206 nominal species. Detailed observation of morphological characters of the species in this group showed a considerable variation, suggesting the presence of different natural lineages. The discovery of the new species here described, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sandrae Ragusa & Tsolakis n. sp., allowed the definition of the new porathi species group. Definition of the new species group, a dichotomous key as well as the description of the new species are given.
Endoscopic Management of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis
Authors: Askar Mohamed H. , Gamea Ahmed , Tomoum Mohamed O. , Elsherif Hossam S. , Ebert Charles , Senior Brent A.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Previous studies of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery have been primarily retrospective and focused on symptom relief only.

Objectives:

To prospectively assess the impact of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery on frontal sinus ostium patency and disease-specific quality of life as measured by the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI).

Study Design:

A 60-patient cohort with chronic frontal sinusitis (100 diseased frontal sinuses) was prospectively evaluated using the RSDI, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and endoscopic examination. Image-guided endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (Draf 2a) was performed in each case. Patients were assessed with RSDI and endoscopic assessment at least 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 10 months, endoscopic assessment revealed patent frontal recesses in 90 of 100 frontal sinuses (90%), with significant improvement in the total RSDI score (41.98 ± 26.48 preoperatively to 17.15 ± 15.66 postoperatively) as well as each of its physical, emotional, and functional subscales from 16.3 ± 9.03, 12.23 ± 10.55, 13.45 ± 9.59 preoperatively to 5.95 ± 5.71, 5.55 ± 5.66, 5.65 ± 5.72 postoperatively, respectively. Similar improvement was seen in patients with asthma, polyps, and those undergoing revision sinus surgeries.

Conclusions:

With frontal recess mucosal preservation and meticulous postoperative endoscopic surveillance, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy results in high rates of frontal sinus ostium patency with significant improvement in quality of life.
Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dowling Nicki A , Cowlishaw Sean , Jackson Alun C , Merkouris Stephanie S , Francis Kate L , Christensen Darren R
Published: March 2015

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders (DSM-IV Axis I disorders) among treatment-seeking problem gamblers.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed studies that provided prevalence estimates of Axis I psychiatric disorders in individuals seeking psychological or pharmacological treatment for problem gambling (including pathological gambling). Meta-analytic techniques were performed to estimate the weighted mean effect size and heterogeneity across studies.

Results:

Results from 36 studies identified high rates of co-morbid current (74.8%, 95% CI 36.5–93.9) and lifetime (75.5%, 95% CI 46.5–91.8) Axis I disorders. There were high rates of current mood disorders (23.1%, 95% CI 14.9–34.0), alcohol use disorders (21.2%, 95% CI 15.6–28.1), anxiety disorders (17.6%, 95% CI 10.8–27.3) and substance (non-alcohol) use disorders (7.0%, 95% CI 1.7–24.9). Specifically, the highest mean prevalence of current psychiatric disorders was for nicotine dependence (56.4%, 95% CI 35.7–75.2) and major depressive disorder (29.9%, 95% CI 20.5–41.3), with smaller estimates for alcohol abuse (18.2%, 95% CI 13.4–24.2), alcohol dependence (15.2%, 95% CI 10.2–22.0), social phobia (14.9%, 95% CI 2.0–59.8), generalised anxiety disorder (14.4%, 95% CI 3.9–40.8), panic disorder (13.7%, 95% CI 6.7–26.0), post-traumatic stress disorder (12.3%, 95% CI 3.4–35.7), cannabis use disorder (11.5%, 95% CI 4.8–25.0), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (9.3%, 95% CI 4.1–19.6), adjustment disorder (9.2%, 95% CI 4.8–17.2), bipolar disorder (8.8%, 95% CI 4.4–17.1) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (8.2%, 95% CI 3.4–18.6). There were no consistent patterns according to gambling problem severity, type of treatment facility and study jurisdiction. Although these estimates were robust to the inclusion of studies with non-representative sampling biases, they should be interpreted with caution as they were highly variable across studies.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the need for gambling treatment services to undertake routine screening and assessment of psychiatric co-morbidity and provide treatment approaches that adequately manage these co-morbid disorders. Further research is required to explore the reasons for the variability observed in the prevalence estimates.
Combined effects of kink bands and hygrothermal conditioning on tensile strength of polyarylate liquid crystal co-polymer and aramid fibers
Authors: Abu Obaid A , Yarlagadda S , Gillespie JW
Published: March 2015

Translation of tensile properties from high-performance fibers to end-use fabrics is sensitive to weaving-induced filament defects and environmental exposure. In this effort, isolated and combined effects of hygrothermal exposure and curvature-induced kink bands on tensile strength of Vectran™ HT (polyarylate liquid crystal polyester fiber) and Kevlar® KM2 are studied. Hygrothermal conditioning was conducted at temperatures ranging from 40℃ to 100℃ in water for 30 days. Curvature-induced defects were created by wrapping tows around stainless steel rods of different diameters (0.25 mm to 5 mm) to create kink bands. Combined effects were evaluated by conditioning tows with kink bands at 100℃ for 30 days. All conditioned samples were dried and tested at room temperature. Hygrothermal aging showed that tensile properties for Vectran fibers were not appreciably affected below 100℃ (∼12% reduction), while KM2 fibers dropped continuously with increasing temperatures (∼48% at 100℃). The influence of curvature on kink band density was established for each fiber type. The isolated effect of kink band density on residual strength was approximately 15% for both Vectran 1670/600 and KM2-600. Combined effects of curvature-induced kink bands followed by hygrothermal exposure showed significant reductions in tenacity up to ∼96% for KM2 and 60% for Vectran HT1670/600. Inspection of the microstructure within the kink bands reveals extensive micro-cracking and fibril failure due to accelerated moisture ingress.
Becoming Enthusiastic About Learning for the First Time as a Child
Authors: DeRobertis Eugene M.
Published: March 2015

In this study, a qualitative method of research was used to study how students experience becoming enthusiastic about the learning process for the first time as a child. The objective of the study was to explicate the student’s perspective and articulate it as a coherent structural whole. Six students (ages 17-22 years) provided descriptions of becoming enthusiastic about education for the first time as a child that were analyzed using a phenomenological style of analysis. The focus of the study was the qualitative significance of becoming enthusiastic about learning as lived by the students themselves. The results were framed within the context of a formal student–educator pedagogical encounter in particular.
Military Music in the United States
Authors: Gleason Bruce P.
Published: March 2015

As of 2014, the U.S. Department of Defense is the largest employer of musicians in the United States, with more than 6,000 musicians serving in active-duty, reserve, and National Guard bands. From its dual origins with drums and fifes in infantry units (foot soldiers) and trumpets in the cavalry (horse-mounted troops), music has served crucial roles in the U.S. military from pre–Revolutionary War times. With field musicians providing signals in battle and camp and band musicians entertaining, motivating, and serving in military ceremonies, reviews, concerts, guard mountings, drills, parades, and on the march, these musicians have learned their skills in a variety of ways. This article looks at military music in general and the tradition in the United States and examines methods of musical training.