bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic‐Precision Gold Clusters for NIR‐II Imaging
Authors: Liu Haile , Hong Guosong , Luo Zhentao , Chen Junchi , Chang Junlei , Gong Ming , He Hua , Yang Jiang , Yuan Xun , Li Lulin , Mu Xiaoyu , Wang Junying , Mi Wenbo , Luo Jian , Xie Jianping , Zhang Xiao‐Dong
Published: October 2019

Near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) imaging at 1100–1700 nm shows great promise for medical diagnosis related to blood vessels because it possesses deep penetration and high resolution in biological tissue. Unfortunately, currently available NIR‐II fluorophores exhibit slow excretion and low brightness, which prevents their potential medical applications. An atomic‐precision gold (Au) cluster with 25 gold atoms and 18 peptide ligands is presented. The Au25 clusters show emission at 1100–1350 nm and the fluorescence quantum yield is significantly increased by metal‐atom doping. Bright gold clusters can penetrate deep tissue and can be applied in in vivo brain vessel imaging and tumor metastasis. Time‐resolved brain blood‐flow imaging shows significant differences between healthy and injured mice with different brain diseases in vivo. High‐resolution imaging of cancer metastasis allows for the identification of the primary tumor, blood vessel, and lymphatic metastasis. In addition, gold clusters with NIR‐II fluorescence are used to monitor high‐resolution imaging of kidney at a depth of 0.61 cm, and the quantitative measurement shows 86% of the gold clusters are cleared from body without any acute or long‐term toxicity at a dose of 100 mg kg−1.
Organic Semiconductors at the University of Washington: Advancements in Materials Design and Synthesis and toward Industrial Scale Production
Authors: Huang Yunping , Elder Delwin L. , Kwiram Alvin L. , Jenekhe Samson A. , Jen Alex K. Y. , Dalton Larry R. , Luscombe Christine K.
Published: October 2019

Research at the University of Washington regarding organic semiconductors is reviewed, covering four major topics: electro‐optics, organic light emitting diodes, organic field‐effect transistors, and organic solar cells. Underlying principles of materials design are demonstrated along with efforts toward unlocking the full potential of organic semiconductors. Finally, opinions on future research directions are presented, with a focus on commercial competency, environmental sustainability, and scalability of organic‐semiconductor‐based devices.
Dynamic Multifocus Laser Writing with Acousto‐Optofluidics
Authors: Zunino Alessandro , Surdo Salvatore , Duocastella Martí
Published: October 2019

Laser writing of materials is normally performed by the sequential scanning of a single focused beam across a sample. This process is time‐consuming and it can severely limit the throughput of laser systems in key applications such as surgery, microelectronics, or manufacturing. A parallelization strategy based on ultrasound waves in a liquid to diffract light into multiple beamlets is reported. Adjusting amplitude, frequency, or phase of ultrasound allows tunable multifocus distributions with sub‐microsecond control. When combined with sample translation, the dynamic splitting of light leads to high‐throughput laser processing, as demonstrated by locally modifying the morphological and wettability properties of metals, polymers, and ceramics. The results illustrate how acousto‐optofluidic systems are universal tools for fast multifocus generation, with potential impact in fields such as imaging or optical trapping.
2D Plasmonic Tungsten Oxide Enabled Ultrasensitive Fiber Optics Gas Sensor
Authors: Yao Qifeng , Ren Guanghui , Xu Kai , Zhu Lianqing , Khan Hareem , Mohiuddin Md , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Zhang Bao Yue , Jannat Azmira , Haque Farjana , Reza Syed Zahin , Wang Yichao , Wen Xiaoming , Mitchell Arnan , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: October 2019

Functional materials coated on optical fibers have demonstrated great potential for optical gas sensing applications. However, their sensitivity is typically limited to the sub‐parts per million (sub‐ppm) range. Here, for the first time a 2D near‐infrared plasmonic tungsten oxide (WOx) enabled ultrasensitive fiber optics gas sensor on a side‐polished D‐shape single mode optical fiber is presented. The plasmon resonance wavelength range of 2D WOx is matched with a conventional telecommunications wavelength of 1550 nm for driving the optical fiber, therefore inducing a strong light–matter interaction. Upon the surface adsorption of gas molecules, free electrons in the 2D WOx body are redistributed changing the plasmon resonance properties and hence the transmission through the optical fiber. The sensor is selectively responsive to NO2 at concentrations down to 44 parts per billion (ppb) with a limit of detection of 8 ppb at a relatively low elevated temperature. Such an excellent sensing performance is significantly improved over the previously reported fiber optics NO2 sensors, which suggests the integration of 2D plasmonic degenerated semiconductors as a viable approach to develop high‐performance fiber optics gas sensors.
Time‐dependent density functional study for nanodroplet coalescence
Authors: Niu Yapeng , Liu Yu , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying
Published: October 2019

The coalescence of nanodroplets is an important interfacial phenomenon and is the key to many real‐world applications. However, the microscopic mechanism for this process remains unclear. In this work, we propose a time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to understand and predict this process. The formation of a “peanut” nanodroplet seems key to the coalescence process, before and after which the system is dominated by a nucleation mechanism and an ordinary diffusion mechanism, respectively. It appears that molecular attraction is not only the driving force but also the resistance of droplet coalescence. The velocity distribution indicates that there is a significant mass transfer on the vapor–liquid interphase. During coalescence, there is a clear linear correlation between the free energy and the surface area of the vapor–liquid interface, which means surface tension is the dominant contribution to the free energy.
Greater Loss of Female Embryos During Human Pregnancy: A Novel Mechanism
Authors: Mulley John F.
Published: October 2019

Given an equal sex ratio at conception, the excess of human males at birth can only be explained by greater loss of females during pregnancy. It is proposed that the bias against females during human development is the result of a greater degree of genetic and metabolic “differentness” between female embryos and maternal tissues than for similarly aged males, and that successful implantation and placentation represents a threshold dichotomy, where the acceptance threshold shifts depending on maternal condition, especially stress. Right and left ovaries are not equal, and neither are the eggs and follicular fluid that they produce, and it is further hypothesized that during times of stress, the implantation threshold is shifted sufficiently to favor survival of females, most likely those originating from the right ovary, and that this, rather than simply a greater loss of males, explains at least some of the variability in the human sex ratio at birth.
Variations and morphometric features of the vermiform appendix: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 114,080 subjects with clinical implications
Authors: Kacprzyk Artur , DroŚ Jakub , Stefura Tomasz , Krzysztofik Marta , JasiŃska Katarzyna , PĘdziwiatr Michał , Major Piotr , K. Hołda Mateusz
Published: October 2019

Determining the true and indisputable data regarding the vermiform appendix (VA) morphology is of a great clinical interest. The aim of this study was to provide the best evidence‐based anatomical overview of the variations in location and size of VA using a systematic and meta‐analytical approach. A systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed of studies reporting variants of the location and morphometric data regarding the VA. The MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, BIOSIS, SciELO, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched throughout June 2018. The reported locations of the body of the VA were re‐classified into a new, standardized classification system divided into nine categories. The AQUA tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. The research was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered at PROPSERO database. Our meta‐analysis included 242 studies (n = 114,080). Overall, the VA was most commonly found in the retrocecal location (32.1%, 95%CI: 29.2–35.1), followed by the pelvic (28.5%, 95%CI: 26.7–30.4) and ileal (14.5%, 95%CI: 11.8–17.7) locations. Subjects without known appendiceal pathologies had significantly smaller VA outer diameters (5.84 mm, 95%CI: 5.68–5.99) than patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis (10.64 mm, 95%CI: 10.14–11.15). The overall pooled mean length of the VA was 80.29 mm (95%CI: 76.68–83.89). Significant differences were found in size of the VA between imaging modalities. The results obtained from this evidence‐based anatomy study will improve the clinical understanding of the VA anatomy, which in turn will have major implications for clinical practice. Clin. Anat. 32:85–98, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brunetti's chisels in anterior and posterior rachiotomy
Authors: Boscolo‐Berto Rafael , Emmi Aron , Macchi Veronica , Stecco Carla , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele
Published: October 2019

Rachiotomy entails vertebral surgical incision, generally followed by exposure of the spinal cord, and is performed primarily for educational, research, or medicolegal purposes. Over time, several tools have been developed for this procedure, but Lodovico Brunetti designed the first effective prototypes in the mid‐nineteenth century. To show the technical details of and the necessary maneuvers to be performed for Brunetti's rachiotomies to succeed, a computer‐aided systematic literature review of online databases was performed to identify publications concerning Brunetti's chisels used for rachiotomy. Additional references from the studies and treatises included held in the Historical Section of the Medical Library at the University of Padova were checked manually for pertinent information. The known variants of Brunetti's chisels were reported in detail from the first to the third versions produced and intended for both posterior (first and third prototypes) and anterior (second prototype) vertebral dissection. Further evolution that led to the current commercialized model devoted to posterior use also was described. The models' strengths and weaknesses were assessed, as well as the nature of the changes Brunetti introduced over time and their motivation. In conclusion, these tools could represent an alternative to the use of electric saws, particularly for dissectors who prefer to have greater manual control in incising the vertebrae. Clin. Anat. 33:355–364, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental correlation for pipe flow drag reduction using relaxation time of linear flexible polymers in a dilute solution
Authors: Zhang Xin , Duan Xili , Muzychka Yuri , Wang Zongming
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigate the drag reduction property of a linear flexible polymer, PEO (polyethylene oxide) in a fully turbulent pipe flow. The aim of this study is to develop a correlation to predict the drag reduction using the Weissenberg number, a dimensionless number related to the relaxation time of the polymer and the polymer concentration in dilute solutions. The physical meaning of the relaxation time of polymers and overlap concentration between the dilute and semi‐dilute polymer solution are clarified. A higher polymer concentration, Reynolds number, and Weissenberg number lead to an increasing drag reduction. A semi‐empirical correlation to predict the drag reduction with two dimensionless variables mentioned above is established and can predict the experimental data in this work and other previous works well. Previous correlations that use Reynolds number often require high flow velocity or large pipes in the experimental setup to predict drag reduction in large‐scale industrial applications, which involves extra cost and potential safety issues. The current new correlation method uses relatively low velocities to avoid the problems mentioned above.
Influence of Pluronic coating formulation on iron oxide nanoparticle transport in natural and oil‐impacted sandy aquifer media
Authors: Linley Stuart , Thomson Neil R. , McVey Kevin , Sra Kanwartej , Gu Frank X.
Published: October 2019

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles has the potential to enhance remediation and characterization of sites contaminated with non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by ensuring delivery of treatment or contrast agents to the NAPL/water interface. For a targeted delivery technique to be successful, nanoparticles must be capable of transporting through porous media and binding to NAPLs under relevant geological conditions. In this study, successful targeted delivery of nanoparticles to sandy aquifer material mixed with crude oil was achieved using an active targeting technique based on an amphiphilic polymer coating. It was determined that the molecular structure and concentration of the nanoparticle coating greatly influenced the recovery of nanoparticles injected into saturated columns. Coatings with longer polymer molecules and lower polymer concentrations reduced recovery, and the nanoparticle coating formulation could be adjusted to improve transport while maintaining targeted binding behaviour. This study demonstrated that nanoparticle retention in oil‐impacted sand exceeded that of clean sand in flow through experiments, indicating that a nanoparticle targeted delivery strategy for soil contaminated with LNAPLs such as crude oil is possible under the experimental conditions explored.
A review of the influence of humidity on photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous pollutants on TiO2‐based catalysts
Authors: Zhang Lianfeng , Moralejo Carol , Anderson William A.
Published: October 2019

Humidity can have an appreciable influence on the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. It has been proposed that there are multiple layers of water molecules on the surface of the photocatalyst, and a VOC molecule must penetrate this layer and be able to diffuse to the photocatalytic surface for a reaction to occur. An updated analysis of related literature from the past 12 years indicates that this proposed mechanism remains reasonable for explaining observed effects. According to this mechanism the VOC's hydrophilicity should dominate the influence of humidity on the photocatalytic reaction kinetics, and this effect can be seen in a categorization of literature observations based on the octanol‐water partition coefficient. The frequently cited Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model does not directly account for humidity effects in this way but can be adapted for this purpose. As an example, the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of chlorobenzene in air under humid conditions can be described by a modified Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model, where the reaction rate coefficient is dependent on the water concentration. Understanding and considering the effect of humidity is useful for optimizing the efficacy of photocatalytic VOC treatment of air.
Retinal topography and microhabitat diversity in a group of dragon lizards
Authors: Nagloo Nicolas , Coimbra João Paulo , Hoops Daniel , Hart Nathan S. , Collin Shaun P. , Hemmi Jan M.
Published: October 2019

The well‐studied phylogeny and ecology of dragon lizards and their range of visually mediated behaviors provide an opportunity to examine the factors that shape retinal organization. Dragon lizards consist of three evolutionarily stable groups based on their shelter type, including burrows, shrubs, and rocks. This allows us to test whether microhabitat changes are reflected in their retinal organization. We examined the retinae of three burrowing species (Ctenophorus pictus, C. gibba, and C. nuchalis), and three species that shelter in rock crevices (C. ornatus, C. decresii, and C. vadnappa). We used design‐based stereology to sample both the photoreceptor array and neurons within the retinal ganglion cell layer to estimate areas specialized for acute vision. All species had two retinal specializations mediating enhanced spatial acuity: a fovea in the retinal center and a visual streak across the retinal equator. Furthermore, all species featured a dorsoventrally asymmetric photoreceptor distribution with higher photoreceptor densities in the ventral retina. This dorsoventral asymmetry may provide greater spatial summation of visual information in the dorsal visual field. Burrow‐dwelling species had significantly larger eyes, higher total numbers of retinal cells, higher photoreceptor densities in the ventral retina, and higher spatial resolving power than rock‐dwelling species. C. pictus, a secondary burrow‐dwelling species, was the only species that changed burrow usage over evolutionary time, and its retinal organization revealed features more similar to rock‐dwelling species than other burrow‐dwelling species. This suggests that phylogeny may play a substantial role in shaping retinal organization in Ctenophorus species compared to microhabitat occupation.
An R‐Derived FlowSOM Process to Analyze Unsupervised Clustering of Normal and Malignant Human Bone Marrow Classical Flow Cytometry Data
Authors: Lacombe Francis , Lechevalier Nicolas , Vial Jean Philippe , Béné Marie C.
Published: October 2019

Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a powerful and versatile tool to accurately analyze cell subsets, notably to explore normal and pathological hematopoiesis. Yet, mostly supervised subjective strategies are used to identify cell subsets in this complex tissue. In the past few years, the implementation of mass cytometry and the big data generated have led to a blossoming of new software solutions. Their application to classical MFC in hematology is however still seldom reported. Here, we show how one of these new tools, the FlowSOM R solution, can be applied, together with the Kaluza® software, to a new delineation of hematopoietic subsets in normal human bone marrow (BM). We thus combined the unsupervised discrimination of cell subsets provided by FlowSOM and their expert‐driven node‐by‐node assignment to known or new hematopoietic subsets. We also show how this new tool could modify the MFC exploration of hematological malignancies both at diagnosis (Dg) and follow‐up (FU). This can be achieved by direct comparison of merged listmodes of reference normal BM, Dg, and FU samples of a representative acute myeloblastic case tested with the same immunophenotyping panel. This provides an immediate unsupervised evaluation of minimal residual disease. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Comparison of cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic epithelial cells in cervicovaginal smears
Authors: Donmez Hanife Guler , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: October 2019

Background

Several methods have been applied to detect death cells in tissue, cell culture, and fluid samples. We aimed to compare the cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic cells in cervicovaginal smears.

Methods

Cervicovaginal smears were taken from 102 women for various gynecological complaints. The slides were stained using the Papanicolaou (Pap)‐staining method for cytological evaluation. Cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) antibody was used to detect apoptosis by immunocytochemically, and H‐Score was used for the evaluation. In Pap‐stained smears, apoptosis was detected and evaluated using our new scoring system by the examination of morphological changes of epithelial cells such as apoptotic bodies, blebbing, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. We used Kappa analysis to understand whether there is an agreement between cytological and immunocytochemical methods for detecting apoptotic cells.

Results

Cytological and immunocytochemical methods showed similarities at a moderate level (κ = 0.482, P < .001). The cytological and immunocytochemical scores were also similar to each other at a fair level (κ = 0.373, P < .001). Pap smears had a sensitivity of 64.40% (95% CI: 50.12‐76.01), specificity of 86.04% (95% CI: 72.65‐94.83), positive likelihood ratio of 4.62, negative likelihood ratio of 0.41, positive predictive value of 86.36%, negative predictive value of 63.79%, and overall probability of 73.53% compared to immunocytochemical staining.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that Pap smear and cytological scores alone were not good enough to identify apoptosis compared to the immunocytochemical studies. However, because of its high specificity, it may still be an adequate method to detect apoptotic cells.
Genomic pedigree reconstruction identifies predictors of mating and reproductive success in an invasive vertebrate
Authors: Levine Brenna A. , Douglas Marlis R. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Lardner Björn , Reed Robert N. , Savidge Julie A. , Douglas Michael E.
Published: October 2019

The persistence of an invasive species is influenced by its reproductive ecology, and a successful control program must operate on this premise. However, the reproductive ecology of invasive species may be enigmatic due to factors that also limit their management, such as cryptic coloration and behavior. We explored the mating and reproductive ecology of the invasive Brown Treesnake (BTS: Boiga irregularis) by reconstructing a multigenerational genomic pedigree based on 654 single nucleotide polymorphisms for a geographically closed population established in 2004 on Guam (N = 426). The pedigree allowed annual estimates of individual mating and reproductive success to be inferred for snakes in the study population over a 14‐year period. We then employed generalized linear mixed models to gauge how well phenotypic and genomic data could predict sex‐specific annual mating and reproductive success. Average snout–vent length (SVL), average body condition index (BCI), and trappability were significantly related to annual mating success for males, with average SVL also related to annual mating success for females. Male and female annual reproductive success was positively affected by SVL, BCI, and trappability. Surprisingly, the degree to which individuals were inbred had no effect on annual mating or reproductive success. When juxtaposed with current control methods, these results indicate that baited traps, a common interdiction tool, may target fecund BTS in some regards but not others. Our study emphasizes the importance of reproductive ecology as a focus for improving BTS control and promotes genomic pedigree reconstruction for such an endeavor in this invasive species and others.
Of 11 candidate steroids, corticosterone concentration standardized for mass is the most reliable steroid biomarker of nutritional stress across different feather types
Authors: Will Alexis , Wynne‐Edwards Katherine , Zhou Ruokun , Kitaysky Alexander
Published: October 2019

Measuring corticosterone in feathers has become an informative tool in avian ecology, enabling researchers to investigate carry‐over effects and responses to environmental variability. Few studies have, however, explored whether corticosterone is the only hormone expressed in feathers and is the most indicative of environmental stress. Essential questions remain as to how to compare hormone concentrations across different types of feathers and whether preening adds steroids, applied after feather growth.

We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify a suite of 11 steroid hormones in back, breast, tail, and primary feathers naturally grown at overlapping time intervals by rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata captive‐reared fledglings and wild‐caught juveniles. The captive‐reared birds were raised on either a restricted or control diet. Measured steroids included intermediates in the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway to glucocorticoids and the sex steroids pathway to androgens and estrogens.

Corticosterone was detected in the majority of feathers of each type. We also detected cortisone in back feathers, androstenedione in breast feathers, and testosterone in primary feathers. Captive fledglings raised on a restricted diet had higher concentrations of corticosterone in all four feather types than captive fledglings raised on a control diet. Corticosterone concentrations were reliably repeatable across feather types when standardized for feather mass, but not for feather length. Of the seven hormones looked for in uropygial gland secretions, only corticosterone was detected in one out of 23 samples.

We conclude that corticosterone is the best feather‐steroid biomarker for detection of developmental nutritional stress, as it was the only hormone to manifest a signal of nutritional stress, and that exposure to stress can be compared among different feather types when corticosterone concentrations are standardized by feather mass.
Comparative Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of I‐Motif‐forming DNA Nonamers
Authors: Trnkova Libuse , Triskova Iveta , Vorlickova Michaela , Kejnovska Iva , Dvorakova Zuzana , Pivonkova Hana , Fiala Radovan
Published: October 2019

The paper shows the structural diversity of cytosine (C)‐rich oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) arising from their detail nucleotide sequence and experimental conditions. In slightly acidic solutions, the ODN nonamers with different adenine (A) and cytosine (C) sequences can adopt non‐canonical structures involving protonated bases. A distinct secondary structure formed in (C)‐rich sequences, called i‐motif (iM), consists of hemiprotonated and intercalated cytosine base pairs (C.C+). Folding and unfolding of particular structures in solutions were monitored by 1H NMR and CD spectroscopies and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which are capable to determine their structural characteristics. Effects of sequences and their proclivity to formation of the iM on electrochemical behaviour of the ODN nonamers were studied by electrochemical methods. The LSV signals of A and C obtained from the reductive dissolution of ODN adsorption layers on a hanging mercury drop electrode were processed by elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS), which revealed complex effects of the nonamer properties (namely their primary and secondary structure confirmed in solution) on their adsorption and reduction activity.
Production capacity and mining plan optimization of fault/fracture‐controlled EGS model in Gonghe Basin
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xie Jingxuan , Zhang Han
Published: October 2019

Taking full advantage of geological conditions is beneficial to reduce the development cost and enhance the exploit of geothermal energy in the Gonghe Basin. In this paper, a thermal‐hydraulic coupled model is put forward to study the heat extraction for Gonghe Basin based on local thermal nonequilibrium theory considering the natural fault. An excellent heat recovery system and reasonable combination of parameters are the premise of sustainable geothermal development. Two doublet systems are introduced to investigate the efficiency of the fault/fracture‐controlled EGS model. A comparative analysis is performed from the aspect of production temperature, heat extraction ratio, flow impedance, injection pressure, thermal power, and electric power. Key parameters (injection rate, injection temperature, production pressure, number of fractures, vertical interval between the two storages, and the storage permeability) are discussed. The results show that the fault‐fracture–controlled doublet model is more suitable for EGS to heat transfer than the common doublet model. The doublet model at a depth of 3300‐3800 m has a temperature gradient of 0.04°C/m. For fault‐fracture–controlled EGS model, the optimal values are 50 kg/s, 15 MPa, 60°C, 310 m, 4 × 10−14 m2, and two for injection rate, production pressure and injection temperature, vertical interval, storage permeability, and fracture number, respectively. The best well pattern layout method for the Gonghe Basin is one injection well and two production wells. The production temperature varies from 196.8°C to 192.7°C when the heat extraction ratio is 0.13 at the end of the operation. Thus, the fault‐fracture–controlled EGS model can provide a mining method and advance the development of geothermal energy for the Gonghe Basin in the future.
Collaboration strategy and optimization model of wind farm‐hybrid energy storage system for mitigating wind curtailment
Authors: Liu Jicheng , Wei Qiushuang , Huang Junjie , Zhou Weidong , Yu Jing
Published: October 2019

Over the past years, wind energy has been considered as a promising solution for clean and sustainable energy development, but wind curtailment remains a challenge to wind power development. On this basis, utilization of non‐grid‐connected wind power becomes crucial and necessary as it can mitigate wind curtailment and improve energy efficiency. This paper proposes the collaboration strategy and optimization model of wind farm‐hybrid energy storage system (WF‐HESS) for non‐grid‐connected wind power based on battery and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) whose combination can effectively cope with fluctuation and intermittence of wind input. The optimization problem is simultaneously investigated by the minimization of total cost, wind curtailment magnitude, and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is introduced to find available solutions, and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to determine the optimal one. Results are obtained for a case study, and the effectiveness and the feasibility of proposed model are verified by a comparative analysis and a sensitivity analysis. Results analysis and discussion show that the WF‐HESS model and the application of HESS have important influence on promoting utilization of non‐grid‐connected wind power and mitigating wind curtailment.
Using chemical language to shape future marine health
Authors: Saha Mahasweta , Berdalet Elisa , Carotenuto Ylenia , Fink Patrick , Harder Tilmann , John Uwe , Not Fabrice , Pohnert Georg , Potin Philippe , Selander Erik , Vyverman Wim , Wichard Thomas , Zupo Valerio , Steinke Michael
Published: October 2019

“Infochemicals” (information‐conveying chemicals) dominate much of the underwater communication in biological systems. They influence the movement and behavior of organisms, the ecological interactions between and across populations, and the trophic structure of marine food webs. However, relative to their terrestrial equivalents, the wider ecological and economic importance of marine infochemicals remains understudied and a concerted, cross‐disciplinary effort is needed to reveal the full potential of marine chemical ecology. We highlight current challenges with specific examples and suggest how research on the chemical ecology of marine organisms could provide opportunities for implementing new management solutions for future “blue growth” (the sustainable use of ocean resources) and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.
Soil conditioning in EPB shield tunnelling – An overview of laboratory tests
Authors: Peila Daniele , Martinelli Daniele , Todaro Carmine , Luciani Andrea
Published: October 2019

The application of full‐face mechanized tunnelling, mainly with EPB shielded machines, has widely increased in the last years and today it can be considered the key technology when tunnelling in soils above and below the water table. The applicability range of EPB machines has widened thanks on one side to the technological and mechanical progresses and on the other side to the quality and effectiveness of the conditioning products. No recognized standards are available for laboratory testing of conditioned soil and each research centre has developed its own procedures and methods. In this paper, an overview of the most frequently used procedures is presented and discussed briefly.
Corrosion damage to cantilever MR walls – Representation in tests and calculations
Authors: Rebhan Matthias J. , Marte Roman , Vorwagner Alois , Tschuchnigg Franz , Kwapisz Maciej
Published: October 2019

After the failure of a cantilever retaining wall with counterfort on the Brenner Autobahn, intensive investigation of existing structures showed considerable corrosion damage to cantilever walls with and without counterforts, at the location of construction and day joints. This is difficult to detect and assess due to the placing of the main reinforcement at the back of the construction. The present paper presents a monitoring concept, which enables detection of corrosion damage and also provides a gain of information about the behaviour of the structure. The basis for this concept is the installation of inclination and strain gauges on the front of a retaining wall. In order to explain the functioning of the concept, a rudimentary cantilever model of the effect of corrosion damage is first described. Then the results and findings from a test series with artificial corrosion representation to reinforced concrete structures to validate the presented monitoring concept is described.
Modern urban tunnelling – Responding to social needs
Authors: Zeidler Kurt , Gall Vojtech
Published: October 2019

Urban Tunnelling requires handling of a wide range of ground conditions and multiple challenges generated by work access constraints, settlement sensitive structures, as well as testing socio economic needs such as limitations to noise and dust emissions as well as impact on traffic. Such projects and their bespoke technical solutions come at a price. The realisation of large‐scale urban infrastructure projects is often accompanied by intensive discussions about the cost in support of the social need for such projects. This article provides socio‐economic reasoning for major urban infrastructure projects and insight in selected technical solutions that are required to realise these projects in urban settings.
The Brenner Base Tunnel – geological, construction and logistical challenges and innovations at half time
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad
Published: October 2019

The Brenner Base Tunnel with a total of 230 km of tunnels is a geological, structural and logistical challenge. The transnational project is an additional challenge, considering different planning, approval and construction rules and cultures. From the start of construction in 2007 to the present, today halftime is reached with 100 excavated tunnel kilometers. An overview of selected topics is given in this contribution, such as project optimizations of the emergency areas, geological/geotechnical knowledge transfer from the already driven exploratory tunnel to the following construction lots of the parallel main tunnels, reprocessing and use of Schists as aggregates for the inner lining and shotcrete production, logistics experience with wheel‐bound transport vehicles, measurements during construction with laser tunnel scanners and the service life of the tunnel of 200 years with an increased safety concept defined in the guide conceptual design. Preparations and planning are already at an advanced state for the second half of the project, concerning the next excavation lots, secondary linings as well as interior work with the installation of the technical equipment. The construction work is expected to be completed in 2025 and the end of construction is expected at the end of 2028 (2030 in case of risk occurrence).
Analyses of TBM disc cutter forces – application possibilities
Authors: Cordes Tobias , Schneider‐Muntau Barbara , Reinhold Chris , Grüllich Sebastian , Himmelsbach Christian , Wehrmeyer Gerhard
Published: October 2019

Forecasts made during tunnelling of the daily advance, to control the machine, specify the lining and verify system behaviour are of great importance for safety and for the success of the whole project. In practice, such forecasts are obtained in deep tunnels by probe drilling, leading to downtime periods and by analog/digital face documentation with shorter downtime periods. Measurement and evaluation of rock mass cutting at the cutterhead of the TBM enables continuous monitoring without downtime. From the spatial distribution of the disc forces, basic geological/geotechnical information about the tunnel face can be derived. In addition, this data is valuable for load monitoring and monitoring the condition of the discs to determine the optimal changing time. This contribution deals with a geological‐geotechnical interpretation of the disc forces of the open TBM on contract H33 Tulfes‐Pfons of the Brenner Base Tunnel. The spatially distributed disc forces are evaluated and compared with the geological documentation.
Nitrification in the presence of sulfide and organic matter in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor (SMBBR) with zeolite as biomass carrier
Authors: Huiliñir Cesar , Fuentes Vivian , Esposito Giovanni , Montalvo Silvio , Guerrero Lorna
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The biological nitrification process is inhibited in the presence of sulfide and organic matter (OM). The use of immobilized biomass on inert carriers may help to decrease this inhibition. Thus, the main goal of the present work was to develop a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor (SMBBR) using zeolite as biomass carrier and to determine its performance in presence of sulfide and OM.

RESULTS

The use of zeolite as biomass carrier improves both the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) oxidation and nitrate accumulation, allowing the system to be able to treat higher nitrogen loading rates. The SMBBR with zeolite in presence of sulfide and OM performed nitrification better than a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), by keeping the TAN and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency at >90% for both inhibitory conditions. The SMBBR also is able to degrade COD by ≤98%. Finally, biomass with zeolite settled faster than biomass without zeolite, improving the sludge volume index (SVI) by 53.8%.

CONCLUSIONS

It was possible to develop a SMBBR system using zeolite as biomass carrier. The SMBBR could maintain a nitrifying system under inhibitory conditions, allowing efficiencies of TAN and COD removal as high as 90%. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effective removal of aqueous glyphosate using CuFe2O4@biochar derived from phragmites
Authors: Jia Dongmei , Liu Min , Xia Jiangbao , Li Changhai
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The excess use of glyphosate in both agricultural and nonagricultural areas has led to tremendous health (e.g. cardiac and respiratory impacts) and environmental concerns worldwide. There is an urgent need to find efficient ways to remove glyphosate residue from the aqueous environment.

RESULTS

Herein, an effective method for the removal of aqueous glyphosate is developed by employing nano‐CuFe2O4 modified biochar (BC) as an adsorbent. The CuFe2O4@BC adsorbents were prepared through hydrolyzing phragmite powders at 500 °C, followed by a simple coprecipitation method. The influence of initial glyphosate concentration, temperature, pH, time and coexisting species on the adsorption behavior of CuFe2O4@BC to glyphosate were fully examined.

CONCLUSION

It was found that the adsorption of glyphosate onto CuFe2O4@BC is highly dependent on the initial glyphosate concentration, pH and temperature, as well as coexisting species. The Freundlich and Langmuir models fitted the equilibrium isotherm data well, indicating the presence of both physisorption and chemisorption. In addition, the adsorption kinetic is well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, which indicated that chemical adsorption may dominate the adsorption process. The CuFe2O4@BC adsorption of glyphosate presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 269.4 mg g−1 within 240 min, under 600 mg L−1 of glyphosate solution at 298 K and pH 4; this performance exceeds all other biochar‐derived adsorbents for the removal of aqueous glyphosate encountered in the open literature. Such a cost‐effective, high‐performance adsorbent shows a great potential for the removal of aqueous glyphosate in industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
re: MRI as Diagnostic Modality for Analyzing the Problematic Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Casey P. , Ellermann Jutta M.
Published: October 2019

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy Stage: 3
Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability relations to the El Niño events and their effects on the South American rainfall
Authors: Kayano Mary T. , Andreoli Rita V. , de Souza Rodrigo A. F.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the oceanic mean states associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and their relations to the El Niño (EN). The mean states refer to the simultaneous occurrences of warm (W) and cold (C) phases of these oscillations: WAMO/CPDO, CAMO/WPDO and CAMO/CPDO. In general, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns of the mean states show a combination of the PDO and AMO related anomaly patterns in the Pacific Ocean, and the strongest AMO‐related anomaly signals in the Atlantic Ocean with almost antisymmetric SST anomaly patterns in the northern and southern extratropical sectors of this Ocean. One of the most important results of this paper concerns the contrasting features between the CAMO/WPDO and the WAMO/CPDO mean states, which are noticeable for the SST, zonal circulation cell and precipitation during the austral autumn. Besides the opposite inter‐basin equatorial Atlantic/eastern equatorial Pacific cells, the CAMO/WPDO and WAMO/CPDO mean states also feature, respectively, a weakened and strengthened Walker cell in the tropical Pacific during the austral autumn. The results here indicate that the inter‐basin east–west cell between the equatorial Atlantic and eastern Pacific contributes to strengthen (weaken) the Walker cell during the austral autumn of the WAMO/CPDO (CAMO/WPDO) mean state. We also found that the mean states alter the EN features. The EN‐related largest positive SST anomalies occur in the central tropical Pacific during the WAMO/CPDO, and in the eastern tropical Pacific during the CAMO/WPDO. The Atlantic and Pacific oceanic mean states play an important role in modulating the EN features and their effects on the South American rainfall. The results presented in this paper might be relevant for climate monitoring and modelling studies.
The roles of moisture transports in intraseasonal precipitation during the preflood season over South China
Authors: Chu Qu‐cheng , Wang Qi‐guang , Feng Guo‐lin
Published: October 2019

The roles of moisture sources and transport in intraseasonal precipitation variabilities during the preflood season over South China are complex and different. In this paper, ERA‐Interim reanalysis data that were collected four times daily from 1979 to 2017 are used to analyse the variation and influence of moisture transport in intraseasonal precipitation during the preflood season over South China. Using the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, fixed atmospheric moisture sources are defined: land area source (LD source), Indian Ocean source (IO source), Pacific Ocean source (PO source), South China Sea source (SCS source), and South China source (SC source). Sea source moisture transport accounts for more than 75% of the total precipitation during the preflood season, which is the most important moisture source in South China. For April, southeasterly moisture transport, which includes PO source and SCS source moisture transports, is the major moisture transport over South China. Then, the IO source and SCS source precipitation increased significantly during May. During June, the IO source precipitation accounted for 43.75% of the total precipitation, thus dominating precipitation over South China. In addition, there is a significant difference in the interdecadal variation in the preflood season precipitation before and after the Indian summer monsoon onset. Before the Indian summer monsoon onset, the land‐sea thermal contrast decreased, which led to a significant interdecadal reduction in the IO source, PO source, and SCS source moisture transports. After the Indian summer monsoon onset, the increase in IO source moisture transport is the primary cause of the interdecadal increase in precipitation over South China.
Evaluation of summer precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea simulated by multiple regional climate models
Authors: Park Changyong , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Kim Gayoung , Lee Gil , Lee Dong‐Kyou , Suh Myoung‐Seok , Hong Song‐You , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Min Seung‐Ki
Published: October 2019

The evaluation of climate model performance is necessary to enhance the reliability of available models. Recently, the interest in the added value has been increasing due to the continued enhancement of the horizontal model resolution for dynamical downscaling. We have examined the simulation performance of regional climate models (RCMs) forced by two global climate models (GCMs) for summer precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea on the basis of spatial resolution improvement. In terms of model resolution, coarse‐resolution RCMs present limitations, whilst high‐resolution RCMs offer the added value as revealed by several performance evaluations. RCMs forced by HadGEM2‐AO estimated smaller summer precipitation over South Korea than those observed, whereas RCMs forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR presented a wet bias. Here, moderate‐heavy rain in RCMs forced by HadGEM2‐AO and light‐moderate rain in RCMs forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR were found to lead to dry and wet biases, respectively.
Short‐term effects of hyaluronic acid on the subgingival microbiome in peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Soriano‐Lerma Ana , Magán‐Fernández Antonio , Gijón Juan , Sánchez‐Fernández Elena , Soriano Miguel , García‐Salcedo José A. , Mesa Francisco
Published: October 2019

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a hyaluronic acid (HA) gel at 45 days on the microbiome of implants with peri‐implantitis with at least 1 year of loading.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in peri‐implantitis patients. Swabs containing the samples were collected both at baseline and after 45 days of treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing techniques were used to investigate the effect of HA gel on the subgingival microbiome.

Results

One hundred and eight samples of 54 patients were analyzed at baseline and after follow‐up at 45 days. Three strata with different microbial composition were obtained in the samples at baseline, representing three main microbial consortia associated with peri‐implantitis. Stratum 1 did not show any difference for any variable after treatment with HA, whereas in stratum 2, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Rothia, and Granulicatella did decrease (P < 0.05). Similarly, Prevotella and Campylobacter (P < 0.05) decreased in stratum 3 after treatment with HA. Microbial diversity was found to be decreased in stratum 3 (P < 0.05) after treatment with HA compared with the control group, in which an increase was found (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

HA reduced the relative abundance of peri‐implantitis‐related microorganisms, especially the early colonizing bacteria, suggesting a specific action during the first stages in the development of the disease. HA did not alter relative abundances of non‐oral genera. The use of HA in advanced stages of peri‐implantitis resulted in a decrease in microbial alpha diversity, suggesting a protective action of the peri‐implant site against bacteria colonization.