bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices of (self)exclusion. ‘Minority’ and ‘marginality’ within Romanian literature
Authors:   Universitatea din București, Fotache Dubălaru Oana
Published: February 2024

Being part of the European literary system has almost been an obsession for Romanian writers since the advent of Romanticism during the first half of the 19th c. At that time, Europeanization was translated in the literary field as the introduction of French genres, modes, and rhetoric. Several other cultural influences were to follow, the accommodation of which, against the background of what came to be termed as “national spirit”, could not dislocate the perception of irrelevance and marginality that haunted the Romanian intellectual imaginary for over a century. A very consistent debate was carried in the philosophical circles between the two world wars on the topic of cultural minority, to be later reiterated in the 1970s-1980s, as part of a political agenda. In this context, my paper will analyze how the awareness of participating to a minor literary culture could lead to developing an inferiority complex that sometimes took the guises of negation and/or exaggeration. The ambiguity that was displayed by most of the literary critics and historians towards reintegrating exile writers into the national literary canon is one very conspicuous feature of this attitude. Also, the paper will discuss the various interpretations of ‘minority’ with Romanian literary and cultural critics.
„Geniul rău al țării”. Profitorul de război în publicistica pamfletară (1918-1919)
Authors:   Universitatea din București, Răduță Magda
Published: February 2024

At the end of 1918, Romania exits the Great War as a victorious country, after a German occupation and a double change in political alliances. The after-war years are dedicated to the national unification, political and cultural alike; there is much talk in the public agenda of starting anew and the ethical dimension of this renewing process is obviously at the top of the list. The present paper aims to examine a specific element of the Romanian public agenda at the end of 1918 and beginning of 1919: the press campaigns dealing with the aftermath of the occupation years, specifically the case of war profiteers, in the first months after the end of the war. From different forms of press campaigns used to expose the war profiteers, we choose to showcase the ad-hominem literary pamphlet, largely present in the Romanian press during the immediate post-war years. Seen as an intermediate genre (closely related to the press in terms of form and immediate purpose, but claiming literary status for its use of literary techniques and structures), the literary pamphlet is used in the Romanian press of ’18–’19 for its symbolical charge and as a substitute for ‘real’ social justice.
Aculturación psicológica y salud en migrantes latinos en Estados Unidos: Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Llanes-Cañedo Claudia , Ezzahra Housni Fatima , Martínez-Moreno Alma Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Health studies on migrant population globally highlights psychological acculturation, which refers to the stress of cultural change during migration. Such stress can affect vulnerable groups’ health. However, measuring this in highly mobile populations is challenging due to scattered scientific evidence. We aimed to identify instruments for assessing psychological acculturation in health studies with Latin participants in the United States, using PRISMA methodology. We found 56 instruments used in diverse health studies between 1978 and 2021, 33 were acculturation scales, five ethnic identity measures and 18 evaluations of migratory status. These instruments explored the relationship between cultural change and health in the Latino Population in the United States. This systematic review offers a comprehensive overview of available tools for future social intervention and research projects in the context of diverse migrations in Latin America.
Burn wound healing effect of mesenchymal stem cells seeded into collagen-chitosan in animal model
Authors: VKoukaeyan Mahsa , Nasim Mirbahari Seyedeh , Amini Nooshin
Published: February 2024

Skin burn healing is still a major issue and treatments aim to accelerate the burn healing process to minimize the associated complications. Despite the fact that a wide range of wound dressings have been designed, few of them act well and sufficiently in repairing and protecting burn wounds. This study aimed to investigate the accelerating effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded collagen-chitosan hydrogel on burn wound healing in rats. In this in vitro study, adipose tissue was obtained from 10 patients undergoing liposuction surgery and MSCs were isolated and identified. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay method. The cells were examined for apoptosis and expression of surface markers using flow cytometry. Burn wounds were created on the back of rats and the animals were divided into control group (n = 6), and groups treated with MSCs (n = 6), treated with collagen-chitosan hydrogel (n = 6), and treated with MSCs seeded collagen-chitosan hydrogel. The healing process of burn wounds was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively on days 7, 14 and 21 after treatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The wound closure, and skin re-epithelialization, vascularization, collagen synthesis, thickness, density and elasticity at the transplant site were highly promoted by MSCs seeded collagen-chitosan hydrogel than MSCs or collagen-chitosan hydrogel alone (P < 0.001). Dressing of burn wounds with MSCs seeded collagen-chitosan hydrogels has significant potential to accelerate the process of burn wound healing.
Association of COVID-19 pandemic and depression occurrence in university students worldwide
Authors: Gilandoust Azin , Momeni Torkaman Fariba
Published: February 2024

Many studies have shown that the Covid-19 pandemic is followed by psychological problems in students; However, the exact effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on student depression are not entirely clear. Accordingly, the present review study examines the relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and the incidence of depression in students worldwide. During this library and documentary research, 95 sources including books, articles and online references were examined. The inclusion criteria were based on viral infectious diseases, Covid-19 and the incidence of depressive mental disorder. The validity of the sources was evaluated according to the indexes and the use of validation sites, and after ensuring their validity, information was collected. Finally, the information was categorized using descriptive statistics. The Covid-19 pandemic in different countries has had a significant effect on the incidence of depression in students, however, the severity of mental disorders associated with the Covid-19 pandemic in underdeveloped countries is significantly higher than in developed countries. The occurrence of psychological disorders during the corona pandemic period is completely different in students according to the length of the quarantine period, social restrictions, the field of study, age and gender, and economic and social level of students. The results of this study showed that the corona pandemic has been significantly effective in the incidence of depression in students worldwide, and therefore it is very important and vital to consider counselling and psychological support programs for students in universities.
IMPUNITY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Mattarollo Rodolfo
Published: February 2024

The laws of punto final and due obedience violate international law as it stands today. Indeed, such laws breach the right to legal recourse and perpetrate impunity. The United Nations is presently drafting a set of principles to struggle against impunity. This “progressive development” of international law is in reaction to a wave of new atrocities in the last decade. Another, and most recent manifestation of this “progressive development”: in July 1998, a diplomatic conference was held in Rome and has created an International Criminal Court. This initiative, together with the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, has breathed new life into the efforts to combat impunity, and suggests that there is a growing consensus within the international community regarding responsibility for crimes against humanity and gross human rights violations. One important consequence of this evolution is the obligation of all States to bring their domestic law into line with international law. In this respect, they must incorporate into their criminal legislation, crimes such as crimes against humanity, genocide, summary executions, torture and enforced disappearances. States should also remove and nullify, Argentina in this case as exposed by the author, any domestic legislation that interfere with international law in this field.
Rapid, DNA-induced interface swapping by DNA gyrase
Authors: Germe Thomas , Bush Natassja G. , Baskerville Victoria , Saman Dominik , Benesch Justin , Maxwell Anthony
Published: February 2024

DNA gyrase, a ubiquitous bacterial enzyme, is a type IIA topoisomerase formed by heterotetramerisation of 2 GyrA subunits and 2 GyrB subunits, to form the active complex. GyrA is usually found as a dimer in solution, whereas GyrB can exist as a monomer. DNA gyrase is able to loop DNA around the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of GyrA and pass one DNA duplex through a transient double-strand break (DSB) established in another duplex. This results in the conversion of a positive loop into a negative one, thereby introducing negative supercoiling into the bacterial genome, an activity essential for DNA replication and transcription. The strong protein interface in the GyrA dimer must be broken to allow passage of the transported DNA segment and it is generally assumed that the interface is usually stable and only opens when DNA is transported, to prevent the introduction of deleterious DSBs in the genome. In this paper we show that DNA gyrase can exchange its DNA-cleaving interfaces between two active heterotetramers. This so-called interface “swapping” or “exchange” (IS) can occur within a few minutes in solution. We also show that bending of DNA by gyrase is essential for cleavage but not for DNA binding
per se
and favors IS. interface swapping is also favored by DNA wrapping and an excess of GyrB. We suggest that proximity, promoted by GyrB oligomerization and binding and wrapping along a length of DNA, between two heterotetramers favors rapid interface exchange. This exchange does not require ATP, can occur in the presence of fluoroquinolones, and raises the possibility of non-homologous recombination solely through gyrase activity. The ability of gyrase to undergo interface swapping also explains how gyrase heterodimers, containing a single active-site tyrosine, can carry out double-strand passage reactions and therefore suggests an alternative explanation to the recently proposed “swivelling” mechanism for DNA gyrase (Gubaev, Weidlich, and Klostermeier 2016).
Auditory confounds can drive online effects of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation in humans
Authors: Kop Benjamin R. , Oghli Yazan Shamli , Grippe Talyta C. , Nandi Tulika , Lefkes Judith , Meijer Sjoerd W. , Farboud Soha , Engels Marwan , Hamani Michelle , Null Melissa , Radetz Angela , Hassan Umair , Darmani Ghazaleh , Chetverikov Andrey , den Ouden Hanneke E.M. , Bergmann Til Ole , Chen Robert , Verhagen Lennart
Published: February 2024

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly emerging as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. TUS is already well-established in animal models, providing foundations to now optimize neuromodulatory efficacy for human applications. Across multiple studies, one promising protocol, pulsed at 1000 Hz, has consistently resulted in motor cortical inhibition in humans (Fomenko et al., 2020). At the same time, a parallel research line has highlighted the potentially confounding influence of peripheral auditory stimulation arising from TUS pulsing at audible frequencies. In this study, we disentangle direct neuromodulatory and indirect auditory contributions to motor inhibitory effects of TUS. To this end, we include tightly matched control conditions across four experiments, one preregistered, conducted independently at three institutions. We employed a combined transcranial ultrasonic and magnetic stimulation paradigm, where TMS-elicited motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) served as an index of corticospinal excitability. First, we replicated motor inhibitory effects of TUS but showed through both tight controls and manipulation of stimulation intensity, duration, and auditory masking conditions that this inhibition was driven by peripheral auditory stimulation, not direct neuromodulation. Further, we consider neuromodulation beyond driving overall excitation/inhibition and show preliminary evidence of how TUS might interact with ongoing neural dynamics instead. Primarily, this study highlights the substantial shortcomings in accounting for the auditory confound in prior TUS-TMS work where only a flip-over sham and no active control was used. The field must critically reevaluate previous findings given the demonstrated impact of peripheral confounds. Further, rigorous experimental design via (in)active control conditions is required to make substantiated claims in future TUS studies. Only when direct effects are disentangled from those driven by peripheral confounds can TUS fully realize its potential for research and clinical applications.
Cholinergic input to mouse visual cortex signals a movement state and acutely enhances layer 5 responsiveness
Authors: Yogesh Baba , Keller Georg B.
Published: February 2024

Acetylcholine is released in visual cortex by axonal projections from the basal forebrain. The signals conveyed by these projections and their computational significance are still unclear. Using two-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice, we show that basal forebrain cholinergic axons in the mouse visual cortex provide a binary locomotion state signal. In these axons, we found no evidence of responses to visual stimuli or visuomotor prediction errors. While optogenetic activation of cholinergic axons in visual cortex in isolation did not drive local neuronal activity, when paired with visuomotor stimuli, it resulted in layer-specific increases of neuronal activity. Responses in layer 5 neurons to both top-down and bottom-up inputs were increased in amplitude and decreased in latency, whereas those in layer 2/3 neurons remained unchanged. Using opto- and chemogenetic manipulations of cholinergic activity, we found acetylcholine to underlie the locomotion-associated decorrelation of activity between neurons in both layer 2/3 and layer 5. Our results suggest that acetylcholine augments the responsiveness of layer 5 neurons to inputs from outside of the local network, enabling faster switching between internal representations during locomotion.
Elimination of subtelomeric repeat sequences exerts little effect on telomere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hu Can , Zhu Xue-Ting , He Ming-Hong , Shao Yangyang , Qin Zhongjun , Wu Zhi-Jing , Zhou Jin-Qiu
Published: February 2024

Telomeres, which are chromosomal end structures, play a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and integrity in eukaryotes. In the baker’s yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, the X- and Y’-elements are subtelomeric repetitive sequences found in all thirty-two and seventeen telomeres, respectively. While the Y’-elements serve as a backup for telomere functions in cells lacking telomerase, the function of the X-elements remains unclear. This study utilized the
S. cerevisiae
strain SY12, which has three chromosomes and six telomeres, to investigate the role of X-elements (as well as Y’-elements) in telomere maintenance. Deletion of Y’-elements (SY12
YΔ
), X-elements (SY12
XYΔ+Y
), or both X- and Y’-elements (SY12
XYΔ
) did not impact the length of the terminal TG
1-3
tracks or telomere silencing. However, inactivation of telomerase in SY12
YΔ
, SY12
XYΔ+Y
, and SY12
XYΔ
cells resulted in cellular senescence and the generation of survivors. These survivors either maintained their telomeres through homologous recombination-dependent TG
1-3
track elongation or underwent microhomology-mediated intra-chromosomal end-to-end joining. Our findings indicate the non-essential role of subtelomeric X- and Y’-elements in telomere regulation in both telomerase-proficient and telomerase-null cells and suggest that these elements may represent remnants of
S. cerevisiae
genome evolution. Furthermore, strains with fewer or no subtelomeric elements exhibit more concise telomere structures and offer potential models for future studies in telomere biology.
Salmonella-induced SIRT1 and SIRT3 are crucial for maintaining the metabolic switch in bacteria and host for successful pathogenesis
Authors: Hajra Dipasree , Rajmani Raju S. , Chaudhary Ayushi Devendrasingh , Gupta Shashi Kumar , Chakravortty Dipshikha
Published: February 2024

Sirtuins are the major players in host immuno-metabolic regulation. However, the role of sirtuins in the modulation of the immune metabolism pertaining to Salmonellosis is largely unknown. Here, our investigation focussed on the role of two important sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT3, shedding light on their impact on intracellular
Salmonella
’s metabolic switch and pathogenesis establishment. Our study indicated the ability of the live
Salmonella
Typhimurium to differentially regulate the levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 for maintaining the high glycolytic metabolism and low fatty acid metabolism in
Salmonella
. Perturbing SIRT1 or SIRT3 through knockdown or inhibition, resulted in a remarkable shift in intracellular
Salmonella’s
metabolism to high fatty acid oxidation and low glycolysis. This switch led to decreased proliferation of
Salmonella
in the macrophages. Further,
Salmonella
-induced higher levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 led to a skewed polarization state of the macrophages from a pro- inflammatory M1 state toward an immunosuppressive M2 making it more conducive for the intracellular life of
Salmonella
. Alongside, governing immunological functions by modulating p65 NF-κB acetylation, SIRT1, and SIRT3 also skew
Salmonella-
induced host metabolic switch by regulating the acetylation status of HIF-1α and PDHA1. Interestingly, though knock- down of SIRT1/3 attenuated
Salmonella
proliferation in macrophages, in
in vivo
mice-model of infection, inhibition or knockdown of SIRT1/3 led to more dissemination and higher organ burden which can be attributed to enhanced ROS and IL-6 production. Our study hence reports for the first time that
Salmonella
modulates SIRT1/3 levels to maintain its own metabolism for successful pathogenesis.
Transforming Milk Tea: Harnessing Nypa fruticans Mesocarp Flour as an Alternative for Tapioca Pearl for Sustainable Product Development and Innovation
Authors: Bacolod Donsie Emuy
Published: February 2024

Nypa fruticans, known as nypa, is a fast fruit-bearing mangrove palm with immeasurable potential. This dissertation used the mature fruit mesocarp, a byproduct of the Nypa palm. Thus, the byproduct is underrated for some reason, and mostly, they are neglected due to a lack of public knowledge of its most potential. This research used the Nypa Fruitican Mesocarp fruit from Brgy. Sabang, Surigao City. The quest for sustainable alternatives in exploring mesocarp flour as a potential substitute for traditional tapioca pearls in milk tea beverages. Begins with a comprehensive determination of mesocarp flour's functional properties using the ANNOVA ONE WAY test p>0.05. The result of all the data is 0.098; therefore, Pearl made from Mesocarp flour is a sustainable innovation. The functional properties of pearls made from cassava and mesocarps have no significant difference. Further, practical application forms a core component of this study, involving mesocarp flour formulations to replicate tapioca pearls. The cooking process and consumer acceptance are rigorously analyzed to determine their compatibility and desirability in this popular beverage. Analysis of variants showed that Pearls, once made from Mesocarp of Nypa fruticans incorporated into the milk tea beverage, have 4.3 overall acceptance, and the best organoleptic test with texture, aroma, and color is 4.3 (likes). Additionally, this research contributes a nuanced understanding of mesocarp flour's potential against traditional tapioca pearls, considering cost-effectiveness, scalability, and consumer preferences, thereby fostering innovation in sustainable beverage production.
A Review on Effects of Biofertilizers and Bio Capsules on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Fruiting Attributes of Strawberry
Authors: Chauhan Sreyansh Singh , Telgote Ajinkya A. , Gunjan Gaurav , Mishra Saket , Ekka Shashi Kant , Lakra Johnson , Kujur Reena
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes the impact of biofertilizers and bio capsules the vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa). Biofertilizers are natural substances containing beneficial microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability in the soil, while bio capsules encapsulate beneficial microbes for controlled release. Many researchers have concluded their positive finding with regards to application of various biofertilizers and biocapsules in strawberry as well as in other horticultural crops. This paper provides current findings and explains the role of biofertilizer and bio capsules and its effect on different stages of strawberry development. This review highlights the potential of these sustainable agricultural practices in optimizing strawberry cultivation in an eco-friendly way.
School-Based Management, School Structure, Pay–Pay-for-Performance: A Causal Model on Effective Development in Public Schools in Region XI
Authors: Ibarra Rugene D. , Eugenio S. Guhao, JR
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine the best-fit model for effective performance management and development in public schools. Using descriptive-correlational and Structural Equation Modeling, the writer selected 400 Secondary Teacher I to Teacher III respondents from the eleven divisions of Davao Region, Philippines, through stratified sampling. This study adapted four downloaded questionnaires from internet sources. The questionnaires were modified and included only the items relevant to the study. The draft was submitted to the writer's adviser for comments and suggestions. Results revealed very high levels of school-based management, and school structure, while pay-for-performance showed high results. On the other hand, the endogenous performance management and development of teachers obtained a very high level of descriptive equivalent. Significant correlations existed between the three exogenous variables: school-based management, school structure, and pay-for-performance, and the endogenous variable, effective performance management and development. Findings also revealed that Model 3 portrayed the best-fit model exhibiting direct causal relationships of school-based management, school structure, and pay-for-performance on performance management and development. Further structure modifications showed that Performance Management and Development were defined by its retained indicators: Performance Review Meeting, Motivation, and Career Development. Moreover, School-based Management was described by its domains: Leadership and Governance, Curriculum and Instruction, and Resources Management. Also, School Structure was ascertained by its retained indicators: Physical Structure of the Building, and Organizational Structure of the Building. Finally, Pay-for-Performance was determined by its domains: Performance Pay, and Development and Evaluation. The findings of this study may shed light and ameliorate cognizance concerning how institutions may boost organizational efficiency.
Ground Water Quality Assessment of Different Villages of Kheda District of Gujarat, India
Authors: Prajapati Bhavik J. , Parmar J. K. , Patel Swati H. , Paragi Nilesh S.
Published: February 2024

The Kheda district lies in the Cambay basin situated between Saurashtra crater and Aravalli Swell and Deccan Shield in the east. The basin comprises both marine formations, is the principal source of water supply for middle Gujarat region. The quality evaluation for this groundwater is very important tool for sustainable development and decision for water management. A survey work conducted during April-May, 2016 for ground water quality assessment of ‘Kheda district of middle Gujarat. A total of 160 groundwater samples, from shallow, springs, and deep aquifers, were collected, storage and analysed to evaluate its quality suitability for domestic and agriculture purposes. The result of quality of underground wells/tube wells water revealed that the EC values ranged 0.51 to 8.50 with a mean value of 2.04 dS m-1. The waters were alkaline in reaction (pH 7.97). The overall RSC values ranged from -4.80 to 10.50 with a mean value of 2.41 me L-1. The overall mean value of SSP was found 34.34, which varied from 8.00 to 77.26. The SAR values ranged from 0.36 to 29.96 with a mean value of 7.48.
L-Theanine an Astounding Amino Acid in Tea, Its Synthesis and Health Benefits: A Review
Authors: Saha Urmi , Gupta Palak , Singh Mohipal
Published: February 2024

Tea being a traditional beverage has been consumed for thousands of years becoming a daily habit that facilitates healthy living. Both black and green tea drinking have historically and generally been linked to feelings of refreshment and relaxation. Tea's L-Theanine (L-ʀ- glutamylethylamide), a non-protein amino acid primarily found in tea leaves, is thought to be responsible for this consequence. In addition to improving tea’s flavour, L-Theanine has numerous health benefits. It has a major effect on diseases linked to lifestyle, such as improving vascular function and decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. It also has anti- hypertensive, stress reduction, and cancer suppression activity. This amino acid can mitigate the negative effects of neurotoxins, promote normal sleep patterns, and enhance memory.

This review paper aims to explain the chemical and physical properties of L-Theanine, as well as current methods for its synthesis and extraction. It also discusses the factors that influence the theanine content of tea plants and potential health benefits that it could have for humans.
Spatio-temporal Variability of Reference Evapotranspiration and Trend Analyze of Crop Water Requirement
Authors: Mayengbam Ronald , Rawat Shraddha
Published: February 2024

The study was aimed to analyse the trend of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) for estimation of Crop Water Requirement (CWR) for Rice (Oryza sativum) cultivation in Manipur from 2011-2021 in 16 districts (Bisnupur, Churachandpur, Jiribam, Imphal East, Kamjong, Senapati, Imphal West, Tengnoupal, Ukhrul, Thoubal, Noney, Pherzwal, Chandel, Kakching, Tamenglong and Kangpokpi) ETo and CWR was estimated using CROPWAT. Spatial trends of climate variables were analysed using Mann– Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Rabi Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Sources of Calcium and Sulphur under Different Site - Specific Nitrogen Management in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System
Authors: Nayak Rozalin , Satapathy Manoranjan , Paikaray Rabindra Kumar
Published: February 2024

The injudicious and imbalanced fertilizer use under the existing farming system necessitates the adoption of amelioration methods and balanced use of nutrients especially nitrogen (N). There is lack of information on effects of various sources of calcium and sulphur in groundnut along with balanced nitrogen management which needs to be addressed. A field experiment was carried out during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to study the growth, yield and quality parameters of groundnut as affected by site specific nitrogen management in rice and various sources of calcium and sulphur in groundnut. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with six main plot treatments i.e. Soil test based nitrogen (STBN) (100 kg N/ha), 75% N through STBN + 25% N through farmyard manure (FYM), 75% N through STBN + 25% N through vermicompost, N @ 20kg at basal and at leaf colour chart (LCC) < 3, N @ 20kg at basal and at chlorophyll value determined by soil plant analysis development (SPAD) < 35 and no nitrogen to rice during Kharif and three sub plot treatments i.e. lime @ 0.2 LR, gypsum @ 250 kg/ha and lime @ 0.2 LR + gypsum @ 250 kg/ha to groundnut during Rabi each in three replications. Application of 75% N through STBN + 25% N through vermicompost to preceding rice and lime @ 0.2 LR+ gypsum @ 250 kg/ha to groundnut crop resulted in highest plant height at harvest, number of nodules per plant and dry matter accumulation at harvest. Yield attributing characters like pods/plant, kernel/pod and 100 - pod weight of groundnut were highest due to application of 75% N through STBN + 25% N through vermicompost to preceding rice (17.86, 1.87 and 67.2 g, respectively) followed by 75% N through STBN + 25% N through FYM. Application of lime @ 0.2 LR + gypsum @ 250 kg/ha to groundnut recorded more pods/plant (16.86), kernels/pod (1.78) and 100 - pod weight (66.39 g). The treatment receiving 75% N through STBN + 25 % N through vermicompost in rice and application of lime @ 0.2 LR + gypsum @ 250 kg/ha to groundnut resulted significantly maximum pod yield (2,596 kg/ha and 2,291 kg/ha), haulm yield (4,554 kg/ha and 4,343 kg/ha) and harvest index (36.30% and 34.38%) in groundnut. Oil yield (682.2 kg/ha) in groundnut was recorded highest in the treatment lime @ 0.2 LR + gypsum @ 250 kg/ha followed by only gypsum @ 250 kg/ha application to groundnut. Similarly, application of lime @ 0.2 LR + gypsum @ 250 kg/ha to groundnut recorded highest protein yield (424.6 kg/ha).
New approach of constructing ADPLL by a novel Quadrature Ring Oscillator using Low-Q Series LC tanks
Authors: Chaharboor Marzieh , Mokhtabad Saman , Ghonoodi Hojat
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, the All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) as a digital electronic circuit is applied in modern communication systems. The main components of ADPLL such as phase detector, loop filter and voltage controlled oscillator which are all digitally discussed in detail. On the other hand, sensitivity to parasitic mismatches in LC oscillators and the limitation of the robustness and the quantization noise cause trying to overcome these challenges by a VCO and also a delta-sigma digital to analog converter which are essential for this aim. A new quadrature oscillator topology which includes four low-Q series LC tanks in a ring structure is employed in this paper. In the following, low distortion delta-sigma MASH architecture includes the advantages and significant specifications to achieve better performance, is explained. The proposed idea relying on studies of ADPLL efforts unlike the most of the previous works uses a ring oscillator. With quadrature ring structure, an ideal condition of implementation is provided that keeps all the advantages of previous works and even better off. To confirm and evaluate the analysis, the proposed structure simulated using TSMC 0.18μm model technology. The results confirm the proposed idea of implementation and higher performance of this structure
Building as Interface: or, What Architects Can Learn from Interaction Designers
Authors: Mirti Stefano , Aprile Walter
Published: February 2005

Walter Aprile and Stefano Mirti have been engaged as designers, researchers and teachers at Interaction‐Ivrea, a technological research institute in northern Italy, since it was established by Telecom Italia and Olivetti in 2001. Here, the two reflect on the series of experiments they have undertaken at the intersection of interactive technology and architecture, analysing their own working systems and the means by which they have chosen to pursue interdisciplinary dialogue. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent Workspaces: Crossing the Thresholds
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

Lucy Bullivant looks at the shape of the new office to come. With the onset of increasingly sophisticated communications devices, how is the organisation of space in our immediate working environments going to change? Will the lines between furniture and dynamic electronic devices simply blur? Will the structure of commercial office buildings themselves be required to become increasingly reflexive to meet environmental demands in the face of dwindling energy reserves? Or is the mobile nature of electronic communications actually in danger of rendering the permanent office as we know it extinct? Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Media House Project: the House is the Computer, the Structure is the Network
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

A multidisciplinary team of more than a hundred people developed the Media House, a prototype of a domestic living space unveiled in Barcelona in 2001, writes Lucy Bullivant. The project is a technologically advanced interface for interaction that is a benchmark of its kind. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive Urban Design as Event: Christian Moeller
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

Once a practising architect, engaged in the offices of Gunter Behnisch, Christian Moeller was attracted away from the conventional route of the profession by the stimulation and opportunities of the 1980s art scene. In this profile by Lucy Bullivant, the now professor of media arts/design at UCLA describes his aptitude for the accessible, and why he prefers ‘temporary fireworks’ and experiment in his interactive practice over permanent installations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
D‐Tower, NOX, Doetinchem, the Netherlands, 1998–2004 and Son‐O‐House, Son en Breugel, NOX, the Netherlands, 2000–2004
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

Conducting your love life or expressing your innermost feelings through an architectural medium, one that seemingly replaces the traditional village green where people met up and shared experiences, is a pretty far‐reaching social proposition. But D‐Tower, a collaboration between architect Lars Spuybroek of NOX in Rotterdam, and QS Serafijn, a Rotterdam‐based artist, aims to do just that, writes Lucy Bullivant, in a way that transcends any notion of a pure prosthetic device with an architectural system of communication.

Lars Spuybroek of NOX has also recently made public artwork for Industrieschap Ekkersrijt, in collaboration with composer Edwin van der Heide. Here, Lucy Bullivant describes a project that builds a ‘memoryscape’ of sounds in and near the space visitors participate in making. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediating Devices for a Social Statement: Tobi Schneidler, Interactive Architect
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

German architect Tobi Schneidler, with his team at Smart Studio of the Interactive Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, integrates interactive media and network technologies within spatial environments. Here, he explains to Lucy Bullivant how, for him, information technology is not merely hardware or software, but an essential tool that can create ‘mediating devices for a social statement’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jason Bruges: Light and Space Explorer
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

Designing bespoke pieces for a range of public and commercial projects, interactive architect Jason Bruges redefines the role of the architect as maker of responsive environments, an identity closer to that of the artist. Lucy Bullivant explains how his application of state‐ of‐ the‐ art technologies enables Bruges to push the boundaries both in terms of his exploration of light, sound and space and the materials he uses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BIX Matrix realities:united, Kunsthaus Graz, Austria
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

Electronic surfaces to buildings that carry sounds and imagery are not new in a world of high‐technology billboards. However, BIX Matrix, writes Lucy Bullivant, is integral to the architecture of the Kunsthaus in Graz – an innovative and low‐tech skin with its own software for artists and curators to use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ada: the Intelligent Room
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

A multidisciplinary team based at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH, Zurich, was responsible for Ada: the intelligent room, an interactive space conceived of as a human being that responded to visitors at Exp02, the Swiss national exhibition at Neuchatel, where it was launched, writes Lucy Bullivant. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Listening Post: Ben Rubin and Mark Hansen
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

A collaborative visual and sonic artwork drawing on research into internet chat‐rooms and forums, the listening Post harnesses the energy of virtual conversation and converts fragments into an evocative experience. Lucy Bullivant discusses the making of the Listening Post, which has been exhibited at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, Next Wave Festival (2001), the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2002), MIT List Visual Arts Center (2004), and La Villette, Paris (2004), with its American creators. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tate in Space, ETALAB
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

For four minutes of zero gravity, Virgin will soon be offering galactic travel 60 miles out into space in three years time, at a price of £ 115,000. Eventually, package holidays will follow. With the Hilton allegedly having bought a piece of the moon, commerce has really begun to buy into outer space. Tate in space, a speculative gallery existing in microgravity takes this reality firmly in hand, writes Lucy Bullivant, with the idea of a Tate gallery satellite. It was designed by ETALAB, run by architects Danielle Tinero and Opher Elia‐Shaul, one of three architectural practices commissioned by artist Susan Collins on behalf of Tate, the UK's premier art institution (the others were Softroom and Sarah Wigglesworth Architects). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction House, aether architecture/Adam Somlai‐Fischer
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

An Interactive prototype that treats digital media as physical matter, Induction House proposes a more mutually informing relationship between design and technology, writes Lucy Bullivant. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eco Imperative
Authors: Kellogg Craig
Published: February 2005

Touring Dennis Wedlick Architect's vest‐pocket scheme built for New York's Vassar College, Craig Kellogg learns what ‘green’ means. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The Hague
Authors: Melvin Jeremy
Published: February 2005

In the new Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), Jeremy Melvin finds a tower that offers civil servants more than a well‐appointed view of the Dutch seat of power and Amsterdam on a fine day. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blurring the Lines, Case Study: Digital Housings, An Exploration of Current CAD/CAM Techniques
Authors: Chaszar André
Published: February 2005

Domestic‐scale projects can be a fertile source of technical and design innovations, as shown in a crop of houses designed and built by Massie Architecture. In this fifth instalment of the ‘Blurring the Lines’ series of CAD/CAM case studies, Andre Chaszar describes some of the novel and effective ways in which digital design and fabrication have entered the realm of single‐family housing in the US, and traces the evolution of these techniques in successive applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Denise Ho Architects
Authors: Franck Karen A
Published: February 2005

Amid the chaotic frenzy of Hong Kong emerges an architectural voice of calm Karen A Franck encounters the work of Denise Ho, an architect who distinguishes herself through her quest for harmony and her careful consideration of her clients' needs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICE, Klein Dytham Architects, Toshio Iwai, Bloomberg Headquarters, Marunouchi, Tokyo, 2003
Authors: Bullivant Lucy
Published: February 2005

The activities of international news agency Bloomberg harvest financial data and news from innumerable global sources, and process it into a form that is understandable. Since late 2002, the firm's high‐rise headquarters in Marunouchi, behind Tokyo Station, have been graced by an installation in a dedicated space on the ground floor visible from the street. The installation permits staff and visitors to process and play with data in a very tangible and experiential way. ICE – the interactive communicative experience – is a ‘smart’ info‐ lounge planted within this busy urban space, designed by architects Klein Dytham with leading Japanese interactive designer Toshio Iwai. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TiO2‐Based Composite Nanotube Arrays Prepared via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Guo Y.‐G. , Hu J.‐S. , Liang H.‐P. , Wan L.‐J. , Bai C.‐L.
Published: February 2005

A simple and versatile technique has been developed to prepare TiO2 and TiO2‐based composite (TiO2–CdS and TiO2–Au) nanotube arrays. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy are used to characterize their morphology, structure, composition, and properties. The TiO2–CdS nanotubes contained many TiO2 and CdS quantum dots and exhibited a novel PL band in the blue‐wavelength range. The reported strategy will be useful for fabricating nanoparticle–nanoparticle composite nanostructure arrays, which are suitable for applications in catalysis, chemical sensors, nanoelectrodes, and nanodevices.
High‐Conductivity Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) Film and Its Application in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Ouyang J. , Chu C.‐W. , Chen F.‐C. , Xu Q. , Yang Y.
Published: February 2005

The conductivity of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by adding a compound with two or more polar groups, such as ethylene glycol, meso‐erythritol (1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxybutane), or 2‐nitroenthanol, to an aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS. The mechanism for this conductivity enhancement is studied, and a new mechanism proposed. Raman spectroscopy indicates an effect of the liquid additive on the chemical structure of the PEDOT chains, which suggests a conformational change of PEDOT chains in the film. Both coil and linear conformations or an expanded‐coil conformation of the PEDOT chains may be present in the untreated PEDOT:PSS film, and the linear or expanded‐coil conformations may become dominant in the treated PEDOT:PSS film. This conformational change results in the enhancement of charge‐carrier mobility in the film and leads to an enhanced conductivity. The high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS film is ideal as an electrode for polymer optoelectronic devices. Polymer light‐emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells fabricated using such high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS films as the anode exhibit a high performance, close to that obtained using indium tin oxide as the anode.
Direct Synthesis of Highly Stable Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Containing Zeolite Building Units
Authors: Sakthivel A. , Huang S.‐J. , Chen W.‐H. , Lan Z.‐H. , Chen K.‐H. , Lin H.‐P. , Mou C.‐Y. , Liu S.‐B.
Published: February 2005

A novel, one‐step synthesis of a highly stable mesoporous molecular sieve (MMS‐H), which has a structure analogous to MCM‐48 but which contains zeolite building units, is reported. A variety of experimental techniques—X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR, and solid‐state 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopies—have been used to characterize the framework structure, porosity, and acidity of this novel mesoporous/microporous composite material, which is also found to possess superior thermal, hydrothermal, steam, and mechanical stabilities.
Investigation of the Effects of Doping and Post‐Deposition Treatments on the Conductivity, Morphology, and Work Function of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrene sulfonate) Films
Authors: Huang J. , Miller P. F. , Wilson J. S. , de Mello A. J. , de Mello J. C. , Bradley D. D. C.
Published: February 2005

We investigate the influence of annealing conditions on the physical properties of thin films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In particular, we describe how annealing temperature, the ambient gas, and choice of dopant affect the conductivity, morphology, and work function of the films. Two specific dopants are considered, sorbitol and glycerol, and broad guidelines are developed for using PEDOT/PSS as a hole‐injection electrode in polymeric light‐emitting devices, solar cells, and photodetectors.
Halide‐Transport Chemical Vapor Deposition of Luminescent ZnS:Mn2+ One‐Dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Ge J.‐P. , Wang J. , Zhang H.‐X. , Wang X. , Peng Q. , Li Y.‐D.
Published: February 2005

ZnS:M2+ (M = Mn, Co, or Cu) single‐crystal one‐dimensional nanostructures have been prepared via a simple halide‐transport chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) process at a relatively low temperature. The obvious phase transition suggests that doping with Mn favors the formation of the hexagonal phase at a relative low temperature. The strong photoluminescence from blue to green and the yellow–orange emission, which was caused by the doping of various elements in ZnS nanowires and nanobelts, suggests possible applications of the one‐dimensional nanostructures in nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
Formation of Highly Crystallized β‐PbO Thin Films by Cathodic Electrodeposition of Pb and Its Rapid Oxidation in Air
Authors: Sawatani S. , Ogawa S. , Yoshida T. , Minoura H.
Published: February 2005

The process of electrodeposition of β‐PbO thin films from aqueous solutions of PbII salts has been studied in detail. Contrary to the mechanism assumed in previous studies, thin films of crystalline β‐PbO are obtained after cathodic electrolysis in aqueous solutions of various soluble salts of PbII (Pb(NO3)2, Pb(ClO4)2, and Pb(CH3COO)2), and in both the presence and the absence of O2, thus indicating no contribution of OH– generation by electroreduction of NO3– and/or O2 to the formation of β‐PbO. A gradual color change is noted: a freshly electrodeposited gray film turns yellow as it dries in air. Drying of the films under controlled atmosphere (Ar or O2), combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, has revealed that freshly deposited films are of metallic Pb, which are oxidized and converted into β‐PbO. Such a reaction is operative only when a freshly electrodeposited activated wet Pb film is in contact with gaseous O2. Despite the rapid conversion of a solid material, the resultant β‐PbO thin films are highly crystallized and possess highly ordered internal nanostructure. Elongated nanoparticles (30 nm × 100 nm) are assembled in a regular alignment to compose a large platelet (greater than 10 μm in size) with single‐crystalline character, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) measurement.