bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taguchi Loss Function for Varus/Valgus Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kusuma Srinu , Urquhart Andrew G. , Hughes Richard E
Published: September 2009

Methods of designing equipment to improve quality have been developed by Taguchi. A key feature of these methods is the development of loss function, which quantifies the financial cost (loss) resulting from deviations from target dimensions. Total knee arthroplasties can fail due to prosthetic component malalignment. A Taguchi loss function for varus/valgus alignment of the prosthesis and revision rates was developed. Six studies were identified from a comprehensive literature search. Varus and extreme valgus alignments correlated with an increased percentage of prosthetic failure. A loss function ofL(y) = $326.80y2, where y was deviation from ideal varus/valgus angle, was determined. The expected loss function was E L = $ 326.80 y 2 s 2 , where y was the mean deviance from the ideal varus/valgus angle ands2 was the variance in varus/valgus angle. This loss function was used to estimate the cost savings of using computer-assisted surgical navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The average savings of a navigated TKAversus a conventional TKA, based on the expected loss equation derived from the Taguchi loss function, was $2,304 per knee. The expected loss function derived here can serve as a tool for biomedical engineers seeking to use Taguchi quality engineering methods in designing orthopaedic devices.
Phthalates, Pesticides, and Bisphenol-A Exposure and the Development of Nonoccupational Asthma and Allergies: How Valid Are the Links?
Authors: Soo Kwak Eun , Just Allan , Whyatt Robin , L. Miller Rachel
Published: September 2009

Phthalates, pesticides, and bisphenol-A (BPA) are three groups of chemicals, implicated in endocrine disruption and commonly found in the local environment, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies [1-3]. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to phthalates and the development of asthma and allergies in humans. Associations with exposure to pesticides and BPA and the development of respiratory disease are less clear. However, recent evidence suggests that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to BPA may be deleterious to the developing immune system. Future cohort-driven epidemiological or translational research should focus on determining whether these ubiquitous chemicals contribute to the development of asthma and allergies in humans, and attempt to establish the routes and mechanisms by which they operate. Determining dose-response relationships will be important to establishing safe levels of these chemicals in the environment and in consumer products. Attempts to reduce exposures to chemicals such as phthalates, pesticides, and BPA may have environmental repercussions as well as public health impact for the developing child.
Computed tomography angiography, perfusion computed tomography, and a drug-eluting stent for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Kim Seong-Rim , You Seung-Hoon , Yoon Won-Ki , Kim Young-Woo , Kim Sang-Don , Park Ik-Seong , Baik Min-Woo
Published: September 2009

The authors report a case of in-stent restenosis (ISR) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) following bare-metal stent (BMS) deployment and subsequent treatment using a drug-eluting stent (DES). This 65-year-old woman presented with frequent transient ischemic attacks. Initial studies revealed occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and severe stenosis of the right MCA with decreased cerebral perfusion in the bilateral MCA territories. Stent-assisted angioplasty of the right MCA was performed using a BMS, and satisfactory results were obtained with no complications. Six months after the procedure the patient presented with recurrent symptoms, and workups revealed ISR with decreased cerebral perfusion. A DES was successfully placed without complications. Follow-up studies at 3 and 8 months after retreatment showed sustained luminal integrity and cerebral perfusion. A combination of CT angiography and perfusion CT exhibited the anatomical results and hemodynamic status of the stenotic lesion, and these findings coincided with the patient's clinical symptoms and the results of conventional cerebral angiography.

In-stent restenosis of the MCA after placement of a BMS can be treated using a DES. A combination of CT angiography and perfusion CT can be an alternative to conventional angiography. Low-profile devices with an amelioration of trackability are essential for the further incorporation of the DES into the field of endovascular neurosurgery. More clinical experiences and long-term follow-ups are mandatory to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of the DES.
Intraaneurysmal balloon assistance for navigation across a wide-necked aneurysm
Authors: Wolfe Stacey Quintero , Farhat Hamad , Moftakhar Roham , Elhammady Mohamed Samy , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2009

Endovascular obliteration of wide-necked aneurysms may be precluded by the inability to navigate across the aneurysm neck. The authors present a technique in which a Hyperform balloon is inflated within the aneurysm and used as a contact surface to “bounce” the remodeling balloon across the aneurysm neck. They have successfully used this technique in 3 patients to efficiently overcome vessel tortuosity, aneurysmal dead space, and balloon prolapse, allowing for obliteration of large, wide-necked aneurysms.
The Effect of Uncertainty in Exposure Estimation on the Exposure-Response Relation between 1,3-Butadiene and Leukemia
Authors: Graff John J. , Sathiakumar Nalini , Macaluso Maurizio , Maldonado George , Matthews Robert , Delzell Elizabeth
Published: September 2009

Abstract: In a follow-up study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers, cumulative exposure to 1,3-butadiene was positively associated with leukemia. Problems with historical exposure estimation, however, may have distorted the association. To evaluate the impact of potential inaccuracies in exposure estimation, we conducted uncertainty analyses of the relation between cumulative exposure to butadiene and leukemia. We created the 1,000 sets of butadiene estimates using job-exposure matrices consisting of exposure values that corresponded to randomly selected percentiles of the approximate probability distribution of plant-, work area/job group-, and year specific butadiene ppm. We then analyzed the relation between cumulative exposure to butadiene and leukemia for each of the 1,000 sets of butadiene estimates. In the uncertainty analysis, the point estimate of the RR for the first non zero exposure category (>0–
The Influence of Disorder on Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystals Phase Behavior
Authors: Popa-Nita Vlad , Gerlič Ivan , Kralj Samo
Published: September 2009

We review the theoretical research on the influence of disorder on structure and phase behavior of condensed matter system exhibiting continuous symmetry breaking focusing on liquid crystal phase transitions. We discuss the main properties of liquid crystals as adequate systems in which several open questions with respect to the impact of disorder on universal phase and structural behavior could be explored. Main advantages of liquid crystalline materials and different experimental realizations of random field-type disorder imposed on liquid crystal phases are described.
Experimental and Computational Characterization of Biological Liquid Crystals: A Review of Single-Molecule Bioassays
Authors: Eom Kilho , Yang Jaemoon , Park Jinsung , Yoon Gwonchan , Sohn Young Soo , Park Shinsuk , Yoon Dae Sung , Na Sungsoo , Kwon Taeyun
Published: September 2009

Quantitative understanding of the mechanical behavior of biological liquid crystals such as proteins is essential for gaining insight into their biological functions, since some proteins perform notable mechanical functions. Recently, single-molecule experiments have allowed not only the quantitative characterization of the mechanical behavior of proteins such as protein unfolding mechanics, but also the exploration of the free energy landscape for protein folding. In this work, we have reviewed the current state-of-art in single-molecule bioassays that enable quantitative studies on protein unfolding mechanics and/or various molecular interactions. Specifically, single-molecule pulling experiments based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been overviewed. In addition, the computational simulations on single-molecule pulling experiments have been reviewed. We have also reviewed the AFM cantilever-based bioassay that provides insight into various molecular interactions. Our review highlights the AFM-based single-molecule bioassay for quantitative characterization of biological liquid crystals such as proteins.
Mouse Models Targeting Selenocysteine tRNA Expression for Elucidating the Role of Selenoproteins in Health and Development
Authors: Carlson Bradley A. , Yoo Min-Hyuk , Tsuji Petra A. , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Hatfield Dolph L.
Published: September 2009

Selenium (Se) deficiency has been known for many years to be associated with disease, impaired growth and a variety of other metabolic disorders in mammals. Only recently has the major role that Se-containing proteins, designated selenoproteins, play in many aspects of health and development begun to emerge. Se is incorporated into protein by way of the Se-containing amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). The synthesis of selenoproteins is dependent on Sec tRNA for insertion of Sec, the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, into protein. We have taken advantage of this dependency to modulate the expression of Sec tRNA that in turn modulates the expression of selenoproteins by generating transgenic, conditional knockout, transgenic/standard knockout and transgenic/conditional knockout mouse models, all of which involve the Sec tRNA gene, to elucidate the intracellular roles of this protein class.
Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Xi Zhiwen , Hao Wenyan , Wang Pingping , Cai Mingzhong
Published: September 2009

Ruthenium(III) chloride-catalyzed acylation of a variety of alcohols, phenols, and thiols was achieved in high yields under mild conditions (room temperature) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]). The ionic liquid and ruthenium catalyst can be recycled at least 10 times. Our system not only solves the basic problem of ruthenium catalyst reuse, but also avoids the use of volatile acetonitrile as solvent.
Digital Airborne Photogrammetry—A New Tool for Quantitative Remote Sensing?—A State-of-the-Art Review On Radiometric Aspects of Digital Photogrammetric Images
Authors: Honkavaara Eija , Arbiol Roman , Markelin Lauri , Martinez Lucas , Cramer Michael , Bovet Stéphane , Chandelier Laure , Ilves Risto , Klonus Sascha , Marshal Paul , Schläpfer Daniel , Tabor Mark , Thom Christian , Veje Nikolaj
Published: September 2009

The transition from film imaging to digital imaging in photogrammetric data capture is opening interesting possibilities for photogrammetric processes. A great advantage of digital sensors is their radiometric potential. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on the radiometric aspects of digital photogrammetric images. The analysis is based on a literature research and a questionnaire submitted to various interest groups related to the photogrammetric process. An important contribution to this paper is a characterization of the photogrammetric image acquisition and image product generation systems. The questionnaire revealed many weaknesses in current processes, but the future prospects of radiometrically quantitative photogrammetry are promising.
Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors
Authors: Frasco Manuela  F. , Chaniotakis Nikos
Published: September 2009

Quantum dots are nanometre-scale semiconductor crystals with unique optical properties that are advantageous for the development of novel chemical sensors and biosensors. The surface chemistry of luminescent quantum dots has encouraged the development of multiple probes based on linked recognition molecules such as peptides, nucleic acids or small-molecule ligands. This review overviews the design of sensitive and selective nanoprobes, ranging from the type of target molecules to the optical transduction scheme. Representative examples of quantum dot-based optical sensors from this fast-moving field have been selected and are discussed towards the most promising directions for future research.
Estimation of Parameters Obtained by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on Systems Containing High Capacities
Authors: Stević Zoran , Vujasinović Mirjana Rajčić , Radunović Milan
Published: September 2009

Electrochemical systems with high capacities demand devices for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with ultra-low frequencies (in order of mHz), that are almost impossible to accomplish with analogue techniques, but this becomes possible by using a computer technique and accompanying digital equipment. Recently, an original software and hardware for electrochemical measurements, intended for electrochemical systems exhibiting high capacities, such as supercapacitors, has been developed. One of the included methods is EIS. In this paper, the method of calculation of circuit parameters from an EIS curve is described. The results of testing on a physical model of an electrochemical system, constructed of known elements (including a 1.6 F capacitor) in a defined arrangement, proved the validity of the system and the method.
Viroid Pathogenicity: One Process, Many Faces
Authors: Owens Robert  A. , Hammond Rosemarie  W.
Published: September 2009

Despite the non-coding nature of their small RNA genomes, the visible symptoms of viroid infection resemble those associated with many plant virus diseases. Recent evidence indicates that viroid-derived small RNAs acting through host RNA silencing pathways play a key role in viroid pathogenicity. Host responses to viroid infection are complex, involving signaling cascades containing host-encoded protein kinases and crosstalk between hormonal and defense-signaling pathways. Studies of viroid-host interaction in the context of entire biochemical or developmental pathways are just beginning, and many working hypotheses have yet to be critically tested.
The effect of an emotional intelligence development programme on accountants
Authors: Jonker Cara S.
Published: September 2009

The  objective  of  this  research was to compile and  evaluate  a development programme  aimed at emotional  intelligence (EI)  in the accounting profession. A two-group design (pre- and post-test) was used. An accidental  sample  (experimental and control group) was taken from future employees within a financial management environment. The  BarOn-EQ-i was administered and further data were gathered qualitatively by means of diary entries. The results showed an improvement in total EI level. The specific areas of EI that were developed due to the programme included the following subscales: interpersonal, adaptability and general mood. The specific EI factors that showed improvement included self-regard, self-actualisation, interpersonal relations, reality testing, problem solving, flexibility, stress tolerance and optimism.
Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts in a fluidized‐bed
Authors: Liu Jun , Harris Andrew T.
Published: September 2009

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized on Al2O3 supported Ni catalysts from C2H2 and C2H4 feedstocks in a fluidized bed. The influence of the ratio of superficial gas velocity to the minimum fluidization velocity (U/Umf), feedstock type, the ratio of carbon in the total quantity of gas fed to the reactor, reaction temperature, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the feed gas, and nickel loading were all investigated. Significantly, the pressure drop across the fluidized‐bed increased as the reaction time increased for all experiments, due to the deposition of MWNTs on the catalyst particles. This resulted in substantial changes to the depth and structure of the fluidized bed as the reaction proceeded, significantly altering the bed hydrodynamics. TEM images of the bed materials showed that MWNTs, metal catalysts, and alumina supports were predominant in the product mixture, with some coiled carbon nanotubes as a by‐product. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Traumatic occupational injuries in Hispanic and foreign born workers
Authors: Forst Linda , Avila Susan , Anozie Stella , Rubin Rachel
Published: September 2009

Background

Hispanic and foreign‐born workers suffer high rates of occupational fatality. Reasons for this are not well understood. Our aim was to gather information about the details related to severe, non‐fatal occupational injuries in this vulnerable population.

Methods

Eight years of data were obtained from an urban trauma center. In addition, medical consultations of individuals admitted for an occupational injury during an 8‐month period are reported.

Results

Hispanics were more highly represented than expected; their number of injuries steadily rose. Hispanics were more likely to be injured by machinery and hand tools. Workers reported hazardous working conditions, lack of workers compensation, short time in current employment, and not working in their usual job.

Conclusion

Trauma systems can provide a glimpse of risk factors for severe injuries in vulnerable workers. We recommend greater use of this data source, follow backs, long‐term follow up of individuals, and improvement of surveillance of vulnerable working populations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:344–351, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot respiratory health assessment of nail technicians: Symptoms, lung function, and airway inflammation
Authors: Reutman Susan R. , Rohs Amy M. , Clark John C. , Johnson Belinda C. , Sammons Deborah L. , Toennis Christine A. , Robertson Shirley A. , MacKenzie Barbara A. , Lockey James E.
Published: September 2009

Background

Recent surveys suggest nail technicians, particularly artificial nail applicators, have increased respiratory symptoms and asthma risk.

Methods

We examined lung function (n = 62) and a marker of airway inflammation, i.e., exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) (n = 43), in a subset of nail technician and control participants in a pilot health assessment.

Results

Bivariate analysis of technicians demonstrated that job latency was inversely correlated with FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1PP) (r = −0.34, P = 0.03) and FVCPP (r = −0.32, P = 0.05). Acrylic gel contact hours were inversely correlated with FEV1PP (r = −0.38, P = 0.02) and FVCPP (r = −0.47, P = 0.003). Current smoking was inversely and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with ENO in bivariate analysis. Log 10 ENO levels were directly correlated with job latency (P = 0.012) and gel nail application (P = 0.026) in multivariable analyses.

Conclusions

These positive pilot respiratory test results warrant additional future investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:868–875, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost effective activated carbon treatment process for removing free chlorine from water
Authors: Li Bingjing , Zhang Huaixu , Zhang Wei , Huang Liuya , Duan Jun , Hu Juan , Ying Weichi
Published: September 2009

Experiments of batch treatment and column breakthrough were conducted to compare the dechlorination effectiveness of five activated carbons: three made from coal (of different activation) and one each from coconut shell and fruit nut/shell. The removal of free chlorine was accomplished by physical adsorption and chemical reaction; adsorption was the main removal mechanism initially while chemical reaction by catalytic reduction was responsible for continued removal of free chlorine. Removal of free chlorine was enhanced by a longer contact time, a lower pH, and a higher initial/influent free chlorine concentration. Using < 180 mesh particles of activated carbon in mixed batch reactors, the carbon's adsorptive capacity for free chlorine was established in 2 h; the carbons' adsorptive capacities for free chlorine were in the same order as their phenol numbers, the indicator of small micropores. The coconut carbon had the highest adsorptive capacity but was much less reactive relative to the commercial coal and fruit shell carbons. Much more free chlorine was removed in the lab carbon columns than the carbons' adsorptive capacities due to catalytic reduction of the adsorbed free chlorine on carbon surface. The free chlorine removal capacities of the two spent carbons were similar to the respective new carbons. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The art of surface modification of synthetic polymeric membranes
Authors: Khulbe K. C. , Feng C. , Matsuura T.
Published: September 2009

The development in the area of surface modification of polymeric synthetic membranes since 2000 is reviewed. Many patents, articles, and reviews have been written on the development in the area of surface modification of polymeric synthetic membranes subjected to RO, UF, NF, gas separation (GS), and biomedical applications, mainly since 2000, but recently more attention has been given to the modification of their surfaces to obtain desirable results. In particular, most emphasis has been given to plasma treatment, grafting of polymers on the surface, and modifying the surfaces by adding SMMs (surface‐modifying molecules). New additives are synthesized to make the polymeric membrane surfaces either to be more hydrophilic or hydrophobic, aimed at improvement in selectivity and permeability of the membranes for GS, NF, and RO. Improvement in antifouling by surface modification is also a popular topic in the membrane industries. In the last 8 years, tremendous research efforts have been made on the development of antifouling membranes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
DNA‐binding properties of Drosophila ecdysone receptor isoforms and their modification by the heterodimerization partner ultraspiracle
Authors: Braun Simone , Azoitei Anca , Spindler‐Barth Margarethe
Published: September 2009

Transcriptional activity of ecdysone receptor (EcR) isoforms varies considerably and is modified further by the heterodimerization partner and hormone treatment. To investigate whether differences in DNA binding of receptor complexes are responsible for these variations in transcriptional activity, interaction of Drosophila EcR isoforms, and variants of Ultraspiracle (Usp), the orthologue of RXR, with the ecdysone response elements (EcRE) hsp 27, PAL‐1, and DR‐1, were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Receptor proteins were expressed in vertebrate cells (CHO‐K1) in order to rule out an influence of endogenous receptor proteins. In the absence of a heterodimerization partner, weak DNA binding of EcR was detected even without hormone with EcR‐A and ‐B1, but not EcR‐B2. In the presence of hormone, all three isoforms show increased binding to the hsp 27 EcRE. The heterodimerization partner Usp increased DNA binding considerably. The hormone effect of heterodimers is more pronounced with both EcR‐B isoforms compared to EcR‐A. Two specific bands were obtained for EcR‐A and B1 but only one band is visible with EcR‐B2. Deletion of the C‐domain of Usp still allows basal DNA binding of the heterodimer, but in contrast to full‐length Usp, addition of hormone decreases the intensity of the retarded receptor band of all EcR isoforms and the EcREs hsp27 and DR‐1 considerably, whereas interaction with the EcRE PAL‐1 is only slightly affected. Synergistic effects on transcriptional activity are associated with the formation of different receptor DNA‐complexes observed with 1×hsp27 and 3×hsp27. Comparison of DNA‐binding properties of EcR isoforms and EcR/Usp heterodimers revealed that binding of receptor complexes to hsp 27 EcRE is dependent on the AB domain of EcR and the AB‐, C‐, and D‐domains of the heterodimerization partner. Interaction with the hsp 27 EcRE correlates neither with ligand binding nor with transcriptional activity of the various receptor complexes. We, therefore, conclude that the different receptor functions are regulated separately, for example, by interaction with co‐modulators or post‐transcriptional modifications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Mercapto‐1,3‐benzothiazole Derivatives with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Franchini Carlo , Muraglia Marilena , Corbo Filomena , Florio Marco Antonio , Di Mola Antonia , Rosato Antonio , Matucci Rosanna , Nesi Marta , van Bambeke Francoise , Vitali Cesare
Published: September 2009

The enhancement of bacterial resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics constitutes a serious public health threat. So, intensive efforts are underway worldwide to develop new antimicrobial agents. To identify compounds with a potent antimicrobial profile, we designed and synthesized low molecular weight 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives 2a–2l and 3a–3l. Both series were screened for in‐vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria strains. The biological screening identified compounds 2e and 2l as the most active ones showing an interesting antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.12 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, respectively. The replacement of the S‐H by the S‐Bn moiety resulted in considerable loss of the antibacterial action of the 3a–3l series. The antibiotic action of compounds 2e and 2l was also investigated by testing their activity against some clinical isolates with different antimicrobial resistance profile. Moreover, the involvement of the NorA efflux pump in the antibacterial activity of our molecules was evaluated. Finally, in this paper, we also describe the cytotoxic activity of the most interesting compounds by MTS assay against HeLa and MRC‐5 cell lines.
May you live in interesting times!
Authors: Soetaert Wim
Published: September 2009

Harnessing the synthesis power of nature to create new and innovative bioproducts. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Assessing biomass availability in the UK
Authors: Dommett Louise
Published: September 2009

Increasing the use of biomass as an energy source and for industrial materials offers potential environmental benefi ts and new possibilities for the use of land. Despite recent UK and EU legislation, its availability in the UK is currently on a very small scale. Quantifying the amount of biomass the UK can grow is not a simple process. Louise Dommett – the National Non‐Food Crops Centre (NNFCC) – reports on calculated fi gures for the current and potential total biomass that is and could be grown by the UK. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Lymphatic development
Authors: Butler Matthew G. , Isogai Sumio , Weinstein Brant M.
Published: September 2009

The lymphatic system is essential for fluid homeostasis, immune responses, and fat absorption, and is involved in many pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and lymphedema. Despite its importance, progress in understanding the origins and early development of this system has been hampered by lack of defining molecular markers and difficulties in observing lymphatic cells in vivo and performing genetic and experimental manipulation of the lymphatic system. Recent identification of new molecular markers, new genes with important functional roles in lymphatic development, and new experimental models for studying lymphangiogenesis has begun to yield important insights into the emergence and assembly of this important tissue. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating development of the lymphatic vasculature during embryogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:222–231, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Gas Injection on the In‐Situ Oil Fraction of an Oil‐Water Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Xu J. , Wu Y. , Chang Y.
Published: September 2009

In this work, an experimental study was made on gas injection into an oil‐water flow in horizontal pipes with two unequal pipe diameters. Special attention was given to the influence of gas injection on the average in‐situ oil fraction. Measurements were made for input water flow rates of 1.25–5 m3/h, input oil flow rates of 0–8 m3/h and input gas flow rates of 0–9 m3/h. It was found that gas injection has a considerable influence on the in‐situ oil fraction. In general, a small increase in the rate of air injection leads to greatly decreasing in‐situ oil fractions. The in‐situ oil fraction with gas injection decreases to a greater extent than that without gas injection, at the same input liquid flow rates. At a given input water flow rate, the value of the in‐situ oil fraction in the pipe with the larger diameter is higher than that in the pipe with the smaller diameter. Furthermore, the drift flux models were extended to predict the average in‐situ fractions of the oil phase in the intermittent three‐phase flow regimes. A good agreement is obtained between theory and data, especially for the in‐situ oil fraction range of 0.2–1.0.
1‐Phenyl‐1,2‐cyclohexadiene: Generation, Interception by Activated Olefins, Dimerisation and Trimerisation
Authors: Christl Manfred , Schreck Michael , Fischer Thomas , Rudolph Marcus , Moigno Damien , Fischer Hartmut , Deuerlein Stephan , Stalke Dietmar
Published: September 2009

Four possible precursors of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐cyclohexadiene (2) were examined, namely, 6,6‐dibromo‐1‐phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, (1α,5α,6α)‐6‐bromo‐6‐fluoro‐1‐phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 1‐bromo‐2‐phenylcyclohexene and 1‐bromo‐6‐phenylcyclohexene. All four compounds could be converted into 2, as demonstrated by the products of the interception of 2 with activated olefins. Styrene, 1,1‐diphenylethene, indene, furan and 2,5‐dimethylfuran were employed as such. Whereas the first three gave [2+2] cycloadducts of 2, the last two provided one [4+2] cycloadduct each. To create the [2+2] cycloadducts, the π bond of 2 that is more remote from the phenyl group reacted, whereas the π bond of 2 conjugated with the phenyl group exclusively produced the [4+2] cycloadducts. The generation of 2 in the absence of a trapping reagent brought about relatively good yields of a dimer or a trimer of 2 depending on the mode of the liberation of 2. Being derivatives of triphenylene, the dimer as well as the trimer have unusual structures, thereby indicating that a phenyl group is participating in the formation of these compounds. The most surprising structure of the trimer was elucidated by X‐ray crystal diffraction. As to the mechanisms, diradical intermediates are proposed both for the cycloadditions and for the dimerisation. The initial steps of the latter seem to proceed also in the trimerisation.
Examination of the Effect of the Annealing Cation on Higher Order Structures Containing Guanine or Isoguanine Repeats
Authors: Pierce Sarah E. , Wang Junmei , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan , Hamilton Andrew D. , Brodbelt Jennifer S.
Published: September 2009

Isoguanine (2‐oxo‐6‐amino‐guanine), a natural but non‐standard base, exhibits unique self‐association properties compared to its isomer, guanine, and results in formation of different higher order DNA structures. In this work, the higher order structures formed by oligonucleotides containing guanine repeats or isoguanine repeats after annealing in solutions containing various cations are evaluated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The guanine‐containing strand (G9) consistently formed quadruplexes upon annealing, whereas the isoguanine strand (Ig9) formed both pentaplexes and quadruplexes depending on the annealing cation. Quadruplex formation with G9 showed some dependence on the identity of the cation present during annealing with high relative quadruplex formation detected with six of ten cations. Analogous annealing experiments with Ig9 resulted in complex formation with all ten cations, and the majority of the resulting complexes were pentaplexes. CD results indicated most of the original complexes survived the desalting process necessary for ESI‐MS analysis. In addition, several complexes, especially the pentaplexes, were found to be capable of cation exchange with ammonium ions. Ab initio calculations were conducted for isoguanine tetrads and pentads coordinated with all ten cations to predict the most energetically stable structures of the complexes in the gas phase. The observed preference of forming quadruplexes versus pentaplexes as a function of the coordinated cation can be interpreted by the calculated reaction energies of both the tetrads and pentads in combination with the distortion energies of tetrads.
Detection and Identification of Alkylating Agents by Using a Bioinspired “Chemical Nose”
Authors: Hertzog‐Ronen Carmit , Borzin Elena , Gerchikov Yulia , Tessler Nir , Eichen Yoav
Published: September 2009

Alkylating agents are simple and reactive molecules that are commonly used in many and diverse fields such as organic synthesis, medicine, and agriculture. Some highly reactive alkylating species are also being used as blister chemical‐warfare agents. The detection and identification of alkylating agents is not a trivial issue because of their high reactivity and simple structure. Herein, we report on a new multispot luminescence‐based approach to the detection and identification of alkylating agents. In order to demonstrate the potential of the approach, seven π‐conjugated oligomers and polymers bearing nucleophilic pyridine groups, 1–7, were adsorbed onto a solid support and exposed to vapors of alkylators 8–15. The alkylation‐induced color‐shift patterns of the seven‐spot array allow clear discrimination of the different alkylators. The spots are sensitive to minute concentrations of alkylators and, because the detection is based on the formation of new covalent bonds, these spots saturate at about 50 ppb.
ChemInform Abstract: The Centrosymmetric Metal Metaborate KCdB3O6.
Authors: Jin Shifeng , Chai Gemei , Liu Jun , Wang Wanyan , Chen Xiaolong
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Phase Transition of the Incommensurate Phases β‐Ln(PO3)3 (Ln: Y, Tb...Yb), Crystal Structures of α‐Ln(PO3)3 (Ln: Y, Tb...Yb) and Sc(PO3)3.
Authors: Hoeppe Hennig A.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Orthorhombic Fluorite‐Telated Oxides Ln3SbO7 (Ln: Rare Earths).
Authors: Hinatsu Yukio , Ebisawa Haruka , Doi Yoshihiro
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Structure, and Optical Properties of a Congruent Melting Oxyborate, Bi2ZnOB2O6.
Authors: Li Feng , Hou Xueling , Pan Shilie , Wang Xian
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III)/Et4N+Br‐ Combination in Water for Green and Racemization‐Free Aqueous Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Takenaga Naoko , Goto Akihiro , Yoshimura Misaki , Fujioka Hiromichi , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation. A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Allylic Amination by Allyl Acetates.
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Chattopadhyay Kalicharan , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Potassium (Z)‐2‐Chloroalk‐1‐enyl Trifluoroborates: A Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Access to (Z)‐Chloroolefins and Trisubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Guinchard Xavier , Bugaut Xavier , Cook Cyril , Roulland Emmanuel
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem aza‐Claisen Rearrangement and Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reactions: The Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Carbocyclic Amides.
Authors: Swift Michael D. , Donaldson Adele , Sutherland Andrew
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Efficient Iron Halide Mediated Synthesis of Alkenyl Halides Through Coupling of Alkynes and Alcohols.
Authors: Biswas Srijit , Maiti Sukhendu , Jana Umasish
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Azoderivatives as Liquid Crystals.
Authors: Rau Gabriela , Moanta Anca , Mogosanu George‐Dan
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐2,4‐benzodioates by Regioselective [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Alkoxy‐ and 3‐Silyloxy‐2‐alkoxycarbonyl‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Shkoor Mohanad , Riahi Abdolmajid , Fatunsin Olumide , Hussain Ibrar , Yawer Mirza A. , Lubbe Mathias , Reim Stefanie , Reinke Helmut , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated β‐Ketosulfones and gem‐Disulfones by Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of Esters and Sulfinates with Di‐ and Monofluoromethyl Sulfones.
Authors: Ni Chuanfa , Zhang Laijun , Hu Jinbo
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microfluidic Flow Chemistry Platform for Organic Synthesis: The Hofmann Rearrangement.
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Ley Steven V. , Hammond Kelvin , Polyzos Anastasios , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates with Methyl 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butenoate: An Approach to 4‐Aryl Butenolides and an Expeditious Synthesis of Rubrolide E.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella , Sferrazza Alessio
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of 4,7‐Dihydroindoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: An Easy Access to 2‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Hong Liang , Liu Chunxia , Sun Wangsheng , Wang Lei , Wong Kwokyin , Wang Rui
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Dispiropyrrolidines Through [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions with Thiazolidinedione and Rhodanine Derivatives.
Authors: Murugan Ramalingam , Anbazhagan S. , Narayanan S. Sriman
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nb‐Acyltryptamines and Their 1‐Hydroxytryptamine Derivatives as New α2‐Blockers
Authors: Yamada Koji , Tanaka Yoshio , Somei Masanori
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Arylpyrazoles from Arylhalides.
Authors: Gerstenberger Brian S. , Rauckhorst Mark R. , Starr Jeremy T.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Diuretic Activities of Some New Synthesized: 5‐(Substituted Arylidenes)‐2‐(substituted aryl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenoxy actamido)‐4‐oxo‐thiazolidines Derivatives.
Authors: Yadav R. , Raikwar D. K. , Srivastava S. K.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ring Expansion of 3,3‐Dimethylaziridin‐2‐carboxylate and a Photochemical Entry to the Penem Nucleus.
Authors: White James D. , Furuta Takuya
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Di‐ and Triamination of Polyfluoropyridines in Anhydrous Ammonia.
Authors: Kusov Soltan Z. , Rodionov Vladimir I. , Vaganova Tamara A. , Shundrina Inna K. , Malykhin Evgenij V.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr‐Catalyzed Oxidative Difluoromethylation of Tertiary Amines with Difluoroenol Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Chu Lingling , Zhang Xingang , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HSV‐1 Evaluation of Some Pyrazoles and Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines.
Authors: Rashad Aymn E. , Hegab Mohamed I. , Abdel‐Megeid Randa E. , Fathalla Nahed , Abdel‐Megeid Farouk M. E.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of Some Chalcones (III) to Isoxazoles (IV), Pyrazoles (V) and Pyrimidine (VII) Nuclei under Microwave Irradiation and Their Biological Profile.
Authors: Vyas Ritu , Swarnkar Neelam , Sancheti Abhilasha , Verdia Jitendra , Punjabi P. B.
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5,5′‐Bipyridyl‐2,4,6,2′,4′,6′‐hexaone Derivatives (Hydurilic Acids): Syntheses, Mechanism of C—C Bond Formation and Properties of the Dimeric Barbituric Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Mueller Christa E. , Roegler Carolin , Hockemeyer Joerg
Published: September 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.