bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensing whales, storms, ships and earthquakes using an Arctic fibre optic cable
Authors: Landrø Martin , Bouffaut Léa , Kriesell Hannah Joy , Potter John Robert , Rørstadbotnen Robin André , Taweesintananon Kittinat , Johansen Ståle Emil , Brenne Jan Kristoffer , Haukanes Aksel , Schjelderup Olaf , Storvik Frode
Published: November 2022

Our oceans are critical to the health of our planet and its inhabitants. Increasing pressures on our marine environment are triggering an urgent need for continuous and comprehensive monitoring of the oceans and stressors, including anthropogenic activity. Current ocean observational systems are expensive and have limited temporal and spatial coverage. However, there exists a dense network of fibre-optic (FO) telecommunication cables, covering both deep ocean and coastal areas around the globe. FO cables have an untapped potential for advanced acoustic sensing that, with recent technological break-throughs, can now fill many gaps in quantitative ocean monitoring. Here we show for the first time that an advanced distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) interrogator can be used to capture a broad range of acoustic phenomena with unprecedented signal-to-noise ratios and distances. We have detected, tracked, and identified whales, storms, ships, and earthquakes. We live-streamed 250 TB of DAS data from Svalbard to mid-Norway via Uninett’s research network over 44 days; a first step towards real-time processing and distribution. Our findings demonstrate the potential for a global Earth-Ocean-Atmosphere-Space DAS monitoring network with multiple applications, e.g. marine mammal forecasting combined with ship tracking, to avoid ship strikes. By including automated processing and fusion with other remote-sensing data (automated identification systems, satellites, etc.), a low-cost ubiquitous real-time monitoring network with vastly improved coverage and resolution is within reach. We anticipate that this is a game-changer in establishing a global observatory for Ocean-Earth sciences that will mitigate current spatial sampling gaps. Our pilot test confirms the viability of this ‘cloud-observatory’ concept.
Machine learning-based assessment of storm surge in the New York metropolitan area
Authors: Ayyad Mahmoud , Hajj Muhammad R. , Marsooli Reza
Published: November 2022

Storm surge generated from low-probability high-consequence tropical cyclones is a major flood hazard to the New York metropolitan area and its assessment requires a large number of storm scenarios. High-fidelity hydrodynamic numerical simulations can predict surge levels from storm scenarios. However, an accurate prediction requires a relatively fine computational grid, which is computationally expensive, especially when including wave effects. Towards alleviating the computational burden, Machine Learning models are developed to determine long-term average recurrence of flood levels induced by tropical cyclones in the New York metropolitan area. The models are trained and verified using a data set generated from physics-based hydrodynamic simulations to predict peak storm surge height, defined as the maximum induced water level due to wind stresses on the water surface and wave setup, at four coastal sites. In the generated data set, the number of low probability high-level storm surges was much smaller than the number of high probability low-level storm surges. This resulted in an imbalanced data set, a challenge that is addressed and resolved in this study. The results show that return period curves generated based on storm surge predictions from machine learning models are in good agreement with curves generated from high-fidelity hydrodynamic simulations, with the advantage that the machine learning model results are obtained in a fraction of the computational time required to run the simulations.
Data analysis of the unsteadily accelerating GPS and seismic records at Campi Flegrei caldera from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Bevilacqua Andrea , De Martino Prospero , Giudicepietro Flora , Ricciolino Patrizia , Patra Abani , Pitman E. Bruce , Bursik Marcus , Voight Barry , Flandoli Franco , Macedonio Giovanni , Neri Augusto
Published: November 2022

Ongoing resurgence affects Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) via bradyseism, i.e. a series of ground deformation episodes accompanied by increases in shallow seismicity. In this study, we perform a mathematical analysis of the GPS and seismic data in the instrumental catalogs from 2000 to 2020, and a comparison of them to the preceding data from 1983 to 1999. We clearly identify and characterize two overlying trends, i.e. a decennial-like acceleration and cyclic oscillations with various periods. In particular, we show that all the signals have been accelerating since 2005, and 90–97% of their increase has occurred since 2011, 40–80% since 2018. Nevertheless, the seismic and ground deformation signals evolved differently—the seismic count increased faster than the GPS data since 2011, and even more so since 2015, growing faster than an exponential function The ground deformation has a linearized rate slope, i.e. acceleration, of 0.6 cm/yr2 and 0.3 cm/yr2 from 2000 to 2020, respectively for the vertical (RITE GPS) and the horizontal (ACAE GPS) components. In addition, all annual rates show alternating speed-ups and slow-downs, consistent between the signals. We find seven major rate maxima since 2000, one every 2.8–3.5 years, with secondary maxima at fractions of the intervals. A cycle with longer period of 6.5–9 years is also identified. Finally, we apply the probabilistic failure forecast method, a nonlinear regression that calculates the theoretical time limit of the signals going to infinity (interpreted here as a critical state potentially reached by the volcano), conditional on the continuation of the observed nonlinear accelerations. Since 2000, we perform a retrospective analysis of the temporal evolution of these forecasts which highlight the periods of more intense acceleration. The failure forecast method applied on the seismic count from 2001 to 2020 produces upper time limits of [0, 3, 11] years (corresponding to the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively), significantly shorter than those based on the GPS data, e.g. [0, 6, 21] years. Such estimates, only valid under the model assumption of continuation of the ongoing decennial-like acceleration, warn to keep the guard up on the future evolution of Campi Flegrei caldera.
Modeling the role of police corruption in the reduction of organized crime: Mexico as a case study
Authors: Aldana Andrés , Larralde Hernán , Aldana Maximino
Published: November 2022

Among all types of corruption, police corruption is probably the one that most directly hurts society, as those trusted with protecting the people either side with the criminals that victimize the citizens, or are themselves, criminals. However, both corruption and its effects are very difficult to measure quantitatively other than by perception surveys, but the perception that citizens have of this phenomenon may be different from reality. Using a simple agent-based model, we analyze the effect on crime rates as a result of both corruption and the perception of corruption within law-enforcement corporations. Our results show a phase transition in which crime can propagate across the population even when the majority of police officers are honest. We find that one of the parameters that strongly controls crime incidence is the probability that regular citizens become criminals. In contrast, other actions, such as arresting crime lords, or the amount of crime-associated money that is confiscated, have little impact on the long-term crime incidence. Our results suggest that in addition to combating corruption within law-enforcement institutions, to further reduce the incidence of crime, policymakers should strive to restore confidence in these institutions and the justice system.
Diet quality as assessed by Healthy Eating Index-2015 among Hungarian Roma living in settlements of Northeast Hungary
Authors: Bárdos Helga , Llanaj Erand , Vincze Ferenc , Diószegi Judit , Pikó Péter , Kósa Zsigmond , Sándor János , Ádány Róza
Published: November 2022

Inequalities in diet quality are increasingly reported, but such studies among Roma are scarce and challenging. Here we attempt to examine diet quality and adherence to food based dietary guidelines among Hungarian Roma (HR) ethnic minority living in segregated settlements while comparing a sample of Hungarian adults from the general population (HG). Data were obtained from a complex comparative health survey conducted in Northeast Hungary in 2018, including sociodemographic and physical examination data. Dietary data were collected using two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. We assessed diet quality based on using a 13-component Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015, range 0–100). Differences in median intakes of food and nutrients and HEI-2015 scores were evaluated by Mann–Whitney test or Kruskal–Wallis test. Quantile regression was used to adjust HEI-2015 scores for socioeconomic factors including age, sex, educational status, and perceived financial status. This analysis included 393 and 415 subjects, aged between 18 to 70 years, of HR and HG populations, respectively. Results showed overall low median HEI-2015 scores for both HR and HG, with significantly lower total score among HR participants (41.6, interquartile range (IQR): 39.5–42.8) compared to HG (47.2, IQR: 45.7–51.1). Scores for individual components, such as intake of fruits, greens and beans, whole grains, seafood, and plant proteins were particularly suboptimal among both groups, but significantly lower among the HR population. Scores for refined grains, sodium, saturated fats and added sugar reflected high intakes of these components but did not differ between study groups. Our findings revealed an unfavorable diet quality among the HR compared to HG and a potentially increased risk for diet-related NCDs. Future health intervention programs are warranted to address dietary disparities of segregated minorities in Hungary while considering ethnic and cultural differences.
Effect of playing position and microcycle days on the acceleration speed profile of elite football players
Authors: Alonso-Callejo Antonio , García-Unanue Jorge , Perez-Guerra Andrés , Gomez David , Sánchez-Sánchez Javier , Gallardo Leonor , Oliva-Lozano Jose María , Felipe Jose Luis
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the A–S profile of elite football players induced by playing position and the microcycle day. Players belonged to a second division club in the Spanish La Liga competition. They were classified into five playing positions: central defenders (CD), full backs (FB), midfielders (MF), wide midfielders (WMF) and forwards (FW). Microcycle days were categorised according to the days until matchday (MD, MD-1, MD-2, MD-3, MD-4 and MD-5). Data was collected along six microcycles, including one match per microcycle. The variables analysed were: maximal theoretical acceleration (A0), maximal theoretical speed (S0), maximal acceleration (ACCmax), maximal speed (Smax) and A–S slope (ASslope). Significant differences were found within positions and microcycle day for all variables (p < 0.05). Match day (MD) showed greater values than the training sessions in A0, ACCmax and Smax (p < 0.05). The highest values for variables associated with acceleration capabilities were found in CD on MD, whereas speed variables were higher in WMF. MD-2 showed the lowest values in all variables except for ASslope. Maximal acceleration and sprint abilities are therefore affected by playing position. Wide positions showed the highest speed capacity, and CD presented a likely acceleration profile. Higher values for all variables concerning the microcycle day, were achieved on MD, and were not reproduced during training with the consequent injury risk and performance decrease it takes.
Intraprocedural endothelial cell seeding of arterial stents via biotin/avidin targeting mitigates in-stent restenosis
Authors: Alferiev Ivan S. , Hooshdaran Bahman , Pressly Benjamin B. , Zoltick Philip W. , Stachelek Stanley J. , Chorny Michael , Levy Robert J. , Fishbein Ilia
Published: November 2022

Impaired endothelialization of endovascular stents has been established as a major cause of in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis. Attempts to enhance endothelialization of inner stent surfaces by pre-seeding the stents with endothelial cells in vitro prior to implantation are compromised by cell destruction during high-pressure stent deployment. Herein, we report on the novel stent endothelialization strategy of post-deployment seeding of biotin-modified endothelial cells to avidin-functionalized stents. Acquisition of an avidin monolayer on the stent surface was achieved by consecutive treatments of bare metal stents (BMS) with polyallylamine bisphosphonate, an amine-reactive biotinylation reagent and avidin. Biotin-modified endothelial cells retain growth characteristics of normal endothelium and can express reporter transgenes. Under physiological shear conditions, a 50-fold higher number of recirculating biotinylated cells attached to the avidin-modified metal surfaces compared to bare metal counterparts. Delivery of biotinylated endothelial cells to the carotid arterial segment containing the implanted avidin-modified stent in rats results in immediate cell binding to the stent struts and is associated with a 30% reduction of in-stent restenosis in comparison with BMS.
Au L-shell x-ray emission induced by 154.3–423.9 MeV/u C6+ ions
Authors: Zhou Xianming , Wei Jing , Cheng Rui , Zhang Yanning , Chen Yanhong , Liang Changhui , Zhang Xiaoan , Zhao Yongtao
Published: November 2022

The L-shell x-ray emissions of gold are investigated for the bombardment of high energy C6+ ions in the high energy region of 154.3–423.9 MeV/u. Due to the multiple ionization of outer-shell electrons at the movement of L x-ray emission, the blue shift of the experimental x-ray energy and an enhancement of the relative intensity ratios of Lι, Lβ–Lα x rays are observed. Using the improved thin target formula and considering the effect of multiple ionization on atomic parameters, the L-subshell x-ray production cross sections are extracted from the counts and compared with the theoretical estimations of BEA, PWBA and ECPSSR. It is found that the relative corrections of ECPSSR on PWBA can be ignored in the present experimental energy region. The calculations of PWBA and ECPSSR are almost identical and both are larger than the experimental results. The BEA is in better agreement with the experiment as a whole.
The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and wound healing properties of ethyl acetate crude extract of an endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) in earthworm model
Authors: Salem Shimaa H. , El-Maraghy Saad S. , Abdel-Mallek Ahmed Y. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. A. , Hassanein Emad H. M. , Al-Bedak Osama A. , El-Aziz Fatma El-Zahraa A. Abd
Published: November 2022

The endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) was isolated from healthy stem samples of the Egyptian medicinal plant Cornulaca monacantha. We used GC–MS and HPLC analysis to identify the bioactive constituents of ethyl acetate crude extract of Paecilomyces sp. (PsEAE). Six human microbial pathogens have been selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PsEAE. Our data showed that the extract has significant antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. However, the best inhibitory effect was observed against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.9 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15.6 μg/ml, for both pathogens. Also, PsEAE exerts a significant inhibition on the biofilm formation of the previously mentioned pathogenic strains. In addition, we evaluated the wound healing efficiency of PsEAE on earthworms (Lumbricus castaneus) as a feasible and plausible model that mimics human skin. Interestingly, PsEAE exhibited a promising wound healing activity and enhanced wound closure. In conclusion, Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) could be a sustainable source of antimicrobial agents and a potential therapeutic target for wound management.
Image local structure information learning for fine-grained visual classification
Authors: Lu Jin , Zhang Weichuan , Zhao Yali , Sun Changming
Published: November 2022

Learning discriminative visual patterns from image local salient regions is widely used for fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) tasks such as plant or animal species classification. A large number of complex networks have been designed for learning discriminative feature representations. In this paper, we propose a novel local structure information (LSI) learning method for FGVC. Firstly, we indicate that the existing FGVC methods have not properly considered how to extract LSI from an input image for FGVC. Then an LSI extraction technique is introduced which has the ability to properly depict the properties of different local structure features in images. Secondly, a novel LSI learning module is proposed to be added into a given backbone network for enhancing the ability of the network to find salient regions. Thirdly, extensive experiments show that our proposed method achieves better performance on six image datasets. Particularly, the proposed method performs far better on datasets with a limited number of images.
Phenol- and resorcinol-appended metallocorroles and their derivatization with fluorous tags
Authors: Alemayehu Abraham B. , Ghosh Abhik
Published: November 2022

Boron tribromide-mediated demethylation of rhenium-oxo and gold meso-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)corrole and meso-tris(3,5-dimethoxyphenylcorrole), M[TpOMePC] and M[T(3,5-OMe)PC] (M = ReO, Au), have yielded the corresponding phenol- and resorcinol-appended metallocorroles, M[TpOHPC] and M[T(3,5-OH)PC], in good yields. The latter compounds proved insoluble in dichloromethane and chloroform but soluble in THF. The M[T(3,5-OH)PC] derivatives also proved moderately soluble in 0.05 M aqueous KOH. Unlike oxidation-prone aminophenyl-substituted corroles, the phenol- and resorcinol-appended metallocorroles could be readily handled in air without special precautions. The phenolic metallocorroles could be readily alkylated with 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecyl iodide (“FtI”) to afford the fluorous-tagged metallocorroles M[TpOFtPC] and M[T(3,5-OFt)PC] in > 90% yields. The simplicity of the synthetic protocols promise a wide range of phenolic and fluorous-tagged porphyrin analogues with potential applications to diverse fields such as sensors, catalysis, and photodynamic therapy, among others.
Predicting health crises from early warning signs in patient medical records
Authors: Gumustop Selin , Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , McPeake Fionnuala , Briggs Daniel , Gee Michael S. , Pianykh Oleg S.
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused unprecedented worldwide changes in healthcare delivery. While containment and mitigation approaches have been intensified, the progressive increase in the number of cases has overwhelmed health systems globally, highlighting the need for anticipation and prediction to be the basis of an efficient response system. This study demonstrates the role of population health metrics as early warning signs of future health crises. We retrospectively collected data from the emergency department of a large academic hospital in the northeastern United States from 01/01/2019 to 08/07/2021. A total of 377,694 patient records and 303 features were included for analysis. Departing from a multivariate artificial intelligence (AI) model initially developed to predict the risk of high-flow oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic, a total of 19 original variables and eight engineered features showing to be most predictive of the outcome were selected for further analysis. The temporal trends of the selected variables before and during the pandemic were characterized to determine their potential roles as early warning signs of future health crises. Temporal analysis of the individual variables included in the high-flow oxygen model showed that at a population level, the respiratory rate, temperature, low oxygen saturation, number of diagnoses during the first encounter, heart rate, BMI, age, sex, and neutrophil percentage demonstrated observable and traceable changes eight weeks before the first COVID-19 public health emergency declaration. Additionally, the engineered rule-based features built from the original variables also exhibited a pre-pandemic surge that preceded the first pandemic wave in spring 2020. Our findings suggest that the changes in routine population health metrics may serve as early warnings of future crises. This justifies the development of patient health surveillance systems, that can continuously monitor population health features, and alarm of new approaching public health crises before they become devastating.
Effect of light at different wavelengths on polyol synthesis of silver nanocubes
Authors: Gheitaran Rasoul , Afkhami Abbas , Madrakian Tayyebeh
Published: November 2022

Despite the presence of light-sensitive species in the polyol synthesis of silver nanocubes, the influence of light on it has yet to be investigated. Herein, we demonstrated that light radiation, by generating plasmon-based hot electrons and subsequently increasing the reduction rate of Ag+ in the system, in addition to enhancing the growth rate of nanocubes, causes twinned seeds, which these seeds are then converted into nanorods and right bipyramids. With shorter, higher energy wavelengths, Ag+ reduction progresses more quickly, resulting in structures with more twin planes. The overlap of the excitation wavelength and the band gap of Ag2S clusters formed in the early stages of synthesis accelerates the rate of reaction at low-energy excitation. According to our findings, the surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone acts as a photochemical relay to drive the growth of silver nanoparticles. Overall, this work emphasizes the impact of excitation light on polyol synthesis as a technique for generating Ag nanocubes of various sizes.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cellular heterogeneity and molecular stratification of cervical cancer
Authors: Li Chunbo , Wu Hao , Guo Luopei , Liu Danyang , Yang Shimin , Li Shengli , Hua Keqin
Published: November 2022

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological malignancy, whose cellular heterogeneity has not been fully understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to survey the transcriptomes of 57,669 cells derived from three CC tumors with paired normal adjacent non-tumor (NAT) samples. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis revealed extensive heterogeneity in malignant cells of human CCs, wherein epithelial subpopulation exhibited different genomic and transcriptomic signatures. We also identified cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that may promote tumor progression of CC, and further distinguished inflammatory CAF (iCAF) and myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF). CD8+ T cell diversity revealed both proliferative (MKI67+) and non-cycling exhausted (PDCD1+) subpopulations at the end of the trajectory path. We used the epithelial signature genes derived from scRNA-seq to deconvolute bulk RNA-seq data of CC, identifying four different CC subtypes, namely hypoxia (S-H subtype), proliferation (S-P subtype), differentiation (S-D subtype), and immunoactive (S-I subtype) subtype. The S-H subtype showed the worst prognosis, while CC patients of the S-I subtype had the longest overall survival time. Our results lay the foundation for precision prognostic and therapeutic stratification of CC.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor Ptger4b regulates female-specific peptidergic neurons and female sexual receptivity in medaka
Authors: Fleming Thomas , Kikuchi Yukiko , Nakajo Mikoto , Tachizawa Masaya , Inazumi Tomoaki , Tsuchiya Soken , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Saito Daisuke , Suyama Mikita , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Baba Takashi , Morohashi Ken-ichirou , Okubo Kataaki
Published: November 2022

In vertebrates, female receptivity to male courtship is highly dependent on ovarian secretion of estrogens and prostaglandins. We recently identified female-specific neurons in the medaka (Oryzias latipes) preoptic area that express Npba, a neuropeptide mediating female sexual receptivity, in response to ovarian estrogens. Here we show by transcriptomic analysis that these neurons express a multitude of neuropeptides, in addition to Npba, in an ovarian-dependent manner, and we thus termed them female-specific, sex steroid-responsive peptidergic (FeSP) neurons. Our results further revealed that FeSP neurons express a prostaglandin E2 receptor gene, ptger4b, in an ovarian estrogen-dependent manner. Behavioral and physiological examination of ptger4b-deficient female medaka found that they exhibit increased sexual receptivity while retaining normal ovarian function and that their FeSP neurons have reduced firing activity and impaired neuropeptide release. Collectively, this work provides evidence that prostaglandin E2/Ptger4b signaling mediates the estrogenic regulation of FeSP neuron activity and female sexual receptivity.
Elastic orbital angular momentum transfer from an elastic pipe to a fluid
Authors: Chaplain Gregory James , De Ponti Jacopo Maria , Starkey Timothy Andrew
Published: November 2022

Research into the orbital angular momentum carried by helical wave-fronts has been dominated by the fields of electromagnetism and acoustics, owing to its practical utility in sensing, communication, and tweezing. Despite the huge research effort across the wave community, only recently has elastic orbital angular momentum been theoretically shown to exhibit similar properties. Here we experimentally observe the transfer of elastic orbital angular momentum from a hollow elastic pipe to a fluid in which the pipe is partially submerged, in an elastic analogue of Durnin’s slit-ring experiment for optical beams. This transfer is achieved by coupling the dilatational component of guided flexural waves in the pipe with the pressure field in the fluid; the circumferential distribution of the normal stress in the pipe acts as a continuous phased pressure source in the fluid resulting in the generation of Bessel-like acoustic beams. This demonstration has implications for future research into a new regime of orbital angular momentum for elastic waves, as well providing an alternative method to excite acoustic beams that carry orbital angular momentum that could create a paradigm shift for acoustic tweezing.
Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces
Authors: Stevens Ian T. , Irvine-Fynn Tristram D. L. , Edwards Arwyn , Mitchell Andrew C. , Cook Joseph M. , Porter Philip R. , Holt Tom O. , Huss Matthias , Fettweis Xavier , Moorman Brian J. , Sattler Birgit , Hodson Andy J.
Published: November 2022

Melting glacier ice surfaces host active microbial communities that enhance glacial melt, contribute to biogeochemical cycling, and nourish downstream ecosystems; but these communities remain poorly characterised. Over the coming decades, the forecast ‘peak melt’ of Earth’s glaciers necessitates an improvement in understanding the state and fate of supraglacial ecosystems to better predict the effects of climate change upon glacial surfaces and catchment biogeochemistry. Here we show a regionally consistent mean microbial abundance of 104 cells mL−1 in surface meltwaters from eight glaciers across Europe and North America, and two sites in western Greenland. Microbial abundance is correlated with suspended sediment concentration, but not with ice surface hydraulic properties. We forecast that release of these microbes from surfaces under a medium carbon emission scenario (RCP 4.5) will deliver 2.9 × 1022 cells yr−1, equivalent to 0.65 million tonnes yr−1 of cellular carbon, to downstream ecosystems over the next ~80 years.
Metal-free polyporphyrin based photocatalysts for the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds in water
Authors: Sun Xinhao , Zheng Nan , Liu Gongbo , Wu Qiming , Song Wangze
Published: November 2022

Insoluble polyporphyrin or water-dispersible nano-polyporphyrin was used to achieve visible light-induced functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds in water under mild conditions.
A rigid redox-active-ligand-supported bis(germylene) as a two-centre six-electron donor
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Weiser Jonas , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dietz Maximilian , Yatsenko Yelyzaveta , Häfner Andreas , Nees Samuel , Krummenacher Ivo , Zhang Mingtao , Hammond Kai , Roth Paula , Lu Wei , Dewhurst Rian D. , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger
Published: November 2022

A bis(germylene) based on a naphthyridinediamine (NDI) is reported. Calculations on the [NDI-Ge2][Fe2(CO)6] complex revealed the six-electron donor behavior of NDI-Ge2, the first of its kind for bidentate ligands based on group 14 elements.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H/C–C bond annulation of enaminones with iodonium ylides to form isocoumarins
Authors: Yang Zi , Liu Chaoshui , Lei Jieni , Zhou Yi , Gao Xiaohui , Li Yaqian
Published: November 2022

The direct synthesis of isocoumarin skeletons has been developed through Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade C–H/C–C bond activation of enaminones and iodonium ylides under mild conditions.
α-Li2TiO3: a new ultrastable anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kang Yumin , Xie Yuting , Su Fengli , Dai Keshu , Shui Miao , Shu Jie
Published: November 2022

Full view of the connectivity of Li sites and demonstration of the diffusion mechanism and energy barrier on MEPs for the fully charged state.
Designed TiS2 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic reductive amination of biomass-derived furfurals
Authors: Zhang Man , Xu Shaojun , Boubeche Mebrouka , Decarolis Donato , Huang Yizhe , Liu Biying , Gibson Emma K. , Li Xin , Wang Yuchen , Luo Huixia , Catlow C. Richard A. , Yan Kai
Published: November 2022

Laminate TiS2 nanosheets were successfully constructed for the electrochemical synthesis of valuable primary amines using biomass-derived furfurals at mild temperature and pressure.
A multienzyme biocatalytic cascade as a route towards the synthesis of α,ω-diamines from corresponding cycloalkanols
Authors: Sarak Sharad , Pagar Amol D. , Khobragade Taresh P. , Jeon Hyunwoo , Giri Pritam , Lim Seonga , Patil Mahesh D. , Kim Yechan , Kim Byung-Gee , Yun Hyungdon
Published: November 2022

We report a multienzymatic cascade for the synthesis of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and related α,ω-diamines from corresponding cycloalkanols.
Enhanced transmembrane electron transfer in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 using gold nanoparticles for high-performance microbial fuel cells
Authors: Jiang Yu-Jing , Hui Su , Tian Shihao , Chen Zixuan , Chai Yifan , Jiang Li-Ping , Zhang Jian-Rong , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: November 2022

Au nanoparticles can act as electron channels to facilitate the transmembrane and extracellular electron transfer in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.
A multi-chromic supercapacitor of high coloration efficiency integrating a MOF-derived V2O5electrode
Authors: Dewan Anweshi , Narayanan Remya , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam
Published: November 2022

Multichromic energy storage devices improve human–machine interfacing. Here, MOF-derived V2O5is integrated as a negative electrode in a multi-colored electrochromic supercapacitor assembly along with electrochromic PANI as the positive electrode.
The arylvinylpyrimidine scaffold: a tunable platform for luminescent and optical materials
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Rodríguez-López Julián , Robin-le Guen Françoise
Published: November 2022

This review summarizes the main results regarding arylvinylpyrimidine chromophores that have been extensively studied in the last two decades.
Eu- and Tb-adsorbed Si3N4and Ge3N4: tuning the colours with one luminescent host
Authors: Braun Cordula , Mereacre Liuda , Chen Zheng , Slabon Adam , Vincent David , Rocquefelte Xavier , Halet Jean-François
Published: November 2022

The adsorption of europium and terbium at the grain boundaries of bulk β-Si3N4and β-Ge3N4and the synergic combination of both results in intriguing luminescence properties of all compounds (red, green, orange and yellow).
Development of efficient bi-functional g-C3N4@MOF heterojunctions for water splitting
Authors: Fiaz Muhammad , Carl Nkenku , Kashif Muhammad , Farid Muhammad Asim , Riaz Nagina Naveed , Athar Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Highly efficient heterojunctions by combining n-type g-C3N4 and MOFs as bi-functional photoelectrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Spectral filtering method for improvement of detection accuracy of Mg, Cu, Mn and Cr elements in aluminum alloys using femtosecond LIBS
Authors: Yao Jieqi , Yang Qi , He Xiaoyong , Li Jiale , Ling Dongxiong , Wei Dongshan , Liao Yipeng
Published: November 2022

In this work, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) in aluminum alloy samples were quantified by femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS).
Revealing the anisotropic phonon behaviours of layered SnS by angle/temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gong Xiangnan , Yan Ting , Li Jue , Liu Jie , Zou Hanjun , Zhang Bin , Wu Hong , Zhou Zizhen , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2022

The angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy, combined with electron backscattered diffraction technology to determine the in-plane orientation of SnS crystal.
Enhancement of CO gas sensing performance by Mn-doped porous ZnSnO3 microspheres
Authors: Tiwari Manish Kumar , Yadav Subhash Chand , Srivastava Abhishek , Kanwade Archana , Satrughna Jena Akash Kumar , Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Hong Chang Kook , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: November 2022

Mn site in ZnSnO3 plays a critical role to adsorb CO molecules. This generates more number of oxygen vacancies in the lattice and hence more number of free electrons, improving the gas sensing.
Synthesis and characterization of a lactose-based biosurfactant by a novel nanodendritic catalyst and evaluating its efficacy as an emulsifier in a food emulsion system
Authors: Karami Maryam , Faraji Ali Reza , Saremnezhad Solmaz , Soltani Mostafa
Published: November 2022

Nonionic lactose fatty acid esters are a class of synthetic biosurfactants with various uses in the food, pharmaceutical, personal care, and cosmetic industries.
Uranium(iv) alkyl cations: synthesis, structures, comparison with thorium(iv) analogues, and the influence of arene-coordination on thermal stability and ethylene polymerization activity
Authors: Andreychuk Nicholas R. , Vidjayacoumar Balamurugan , Price Jeffrey S. , Kervazo Sophie , Peeples Craig A. , Emslie David J. H. , Vallet Valérie , Gomes André S. P. , Réal Florent , Schreckenbach Georg , Ayers Paul W. , Vargas-Baca Ignacio , Jenkins Hilary A. , Britten James F.
Published: November 2022

Uranium(iv) alkyl cations have been prepared, and arene solvent coordination was shown to have a major impact on ethylene polymerization activity. Actinide-arene binding was studied experimentally in the solid state and solution, and computationally.
Data-driven discovery of molecular photoswitches with multioutput Gaussian processes
Authors: Griffiths Ryan-Rhys , Greenfield Jake L. , Thawani Aditya R. , Jamasb Arian R. , Moss Henry B. , Bourached Anthony , Jones Penelope , McCorkindale William , Aldrick Alexander A. , Fuchter Matthew J. , Lee Alpha A.
Published: November 2022

We present a data-driven discovery pipeline for molecular photoswitches through multitask learning with Gaussian processes. Through subsequent screening, we identify several motifs with separated and red-shifted electronic absorption bands.
Modular synthesis, host–guest complexation and solvation-controlled relaxation of nanohoops with donor–acceptor structures
Authors: Deng Han , Guo Zilong , Wang Yaxin , Li Ke , Zhou Qin , Ge Chang , Xu Zhanqiang , Sato Sota , Ma Xiaonan , Sun Zhe
Published: November 2022

A modular synthetic approach based on cyclocondensation reaction is introduced to produce nine nanohoops with tunable donor–acceptor structures.
Laminin N-terminus (LaNt) proteins, laminins and basement membrane regulation
Authors: Chavda Natasha D. , Sari Bilge , Asiri Fawziah M. , Hamill Kevin J.
Published: November 2022

Basement membranes (BMs) are structured regions of the extracellular matrix that provide multiple functions including physical support and acting as a barrier, as a repository for nutrients and growth factors, and as biophysical signalling hubs. At the core of all BMs is the laminin (LM) family of proteins. These large heterotrimeric glycoproteins are essential for tissue integrity, and differences between LM family members represent a key nexus in dictating context and tissue-specific functions. These variations reflect genetic diversity within the family, which allows for multiple structurally and functionally distinct heterotrimers to be produced, each with different architectures and affinities for other matrix proteins and cell surface receptors. The ratios of these LM isoforms also influence the biophysical properties of a BM owing to differences in their relative ability to form polymers or networks. Intriguingly, the LM superfamily is further diversified through the related netrin family of proteins and through alternative splicing leading to the generation of non-LM short proteins known as the laminin N-terminus (LaNt) domain proteins. Both the netrins and LaNt proteins contain structural domains involved in LM-to-LM interaction and network assembly. Emerging findings indicate that one netrin and at least one LaNt protein can potently influence the structure and function of BMs, disrupting the networks, changing physical properties, and thereby influencing tissue function. These findings are altering the way that we think about LM polymerisation and, in the case of the LaNt proteins, suggest a hitherto unappreciated form of LM self-regulation.
The Effect of a Climate Event on Voice-Related Processes in Seniors
Authors: Smith Bonnie E. , Bahr Ruth Huntley
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

This project considered the relationship of harmful algal blooms, specifically red tide, to patient reports of respiratory diseases, use of respiratory medications, reflux symptoms, excessive coughing/throat clearing, water consumption, voice handicap scores, clinician judgments of voice quality, and voice therapy outcomes in senior voice patients in coastal Southwest Florida.

Method:

A retrospective chart review of 131 seniors receiving voice therapy during 2013–2019 was conducted. Patients formed two groups—those evaluated during periods of high versus low red tide. Patient reports, clinician ratings, and therapy outcomes were analyzed with nonparametric statistics to determine differences between patient groups.

Results:

No relationship was found between the presence of high red tide and reports of airway disorders, use of airway medications, coughing/throat clearing, Reflux Symptom Index scores, or voice therapy success. A significant relationship was found between high red tide months and ratings of voice severity and Voice Handicap Index scores.

Conclusions:

Harmful algal blooms may have negatively impacted the voices of seniors in this study, as shown by higher clinician voice severity ratings and higher patient perceptions of voice handicap during periods of high red tide. While voice success was still achieved by many of these seniors, speech-language pathologists should be aware of environmental issues and their possible negative impacts on voice.
Incorporating Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Rating Scales Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Starmer Heather M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an important diagnostic tool used in the management of patients with dysphagia. In order to optimize the standardization, reliability, and validity of ratings, it is suggested that formal rating scales be integrated into clinical practice and documentation. In this clinical focus article, we will review extant rating scales for FEES exams and discuss strategies to integrate them into clinical practice.

Conclusions:

Rating scales for FEES take into consideration parameters of safety, efficiency, and overall swallowing impairment. Integrating such measures into clinical documentation helps to increase the standardization and comparability of clinical documentation.
Zonotope and Gaussian Kalman filters based state estimation algorithm for linear system with dual noise term
Authors: Zhan Yacong , Wang Ziyun , Wang Yan , Park Ju H. , Ji Zhicheng
Published: November 2022

To solve the problem of state estimation for systems with dual noise terms, a zonotope and Gaussian Kalman filters based state estimation algorithm is proposed. A state estimator is designed to obtain the estimation interval of the true state in the presence of both stochastic and unknown but bounded (UBB) uncertainties. A novel coefficient that weighs the relative influence of stochastic and UBB uncertainties is introduced, and the optimal weight solution is introduced by minimizing the polyhedron space and mean square error. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A novel method for small and unbalanced sample pattern recognition of gas insulated switchgear partial discharge using an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network
Authors: Jing Qianzhen , Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Ye Xinyu , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan
Published: November 2022

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition due to their powerful feature extraction ability. However, there is commonly a scarcity of fault samples due to low insulation failure rate of GIS equipment, which degrades the diagnostic performance of these CNN networks when directly applied to small and unbalanced datasets. Therefore, we propose a novel auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network for GIS PD pattern recognition for small and unbalanced samples. First, we propose using synchrosqueezed wavelet transform to extract time‐frequency characteristics of PD pulses and obtain a time‐frequency image with high energy aggregation and time‐frequency distribution rate. Then, we propose an improved generative adversarial network with an auxiliary classier and self‐attention mechanism, which can generate high‐quality PD samples for situations with few classes. Experiments show that our proposed method can reach 95.75% recognition accuracy for small datasets, which is the highest among several comparable methods. Furthermore, the proposed method has excellent and stable recognition performance for various unbalanced datasets.
Direction of arrival estimation based on slope fitting of wideband array signal in fractional Fourier transform domain
Authors: Zhong Jun , Chen Tingting , Peng Fei , Bi Xiaowen , Chen Zhong
Published: November 2022

Traditional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods of wideband linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) highly depend on the peak value of LFM signal in the FRFT domain. However, the peak value can be affected by various factors, such as a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), a small number of snapshots, or the large incident angle of signals, which can lead to a decrease in DOA estimation accuracy. To tackle this problem, based on the energy‐concentrated property of LFM signal in the FRFT domain, the DOA estimation is accomplished by adopting the approach of slope fitting for the wideband array signal in the FRFT domain in this study. The method uses the correspondence between the peak position in the FRFT domain and the delay of the received signal on different uniform linear array elements. The least square method based on threshold outlier detection is used for slope fitting. Compared to conventional methods, the method of this study has high accuracy and relatively low complexity in the case of low SNR or large incident angle of the signal without relying on the peak value. The effectiveness of this method is verified by theoretical analysis and Monte‐Carlo simulations. The proposed method provides a new path for DOA estimation of LFM signal.
Spectroscopic detection of Altair’s non-radial pulsations
Authors: Rieutord Michel , Petit Pascal , Reese Daniel , Böhm Torsten , López Ariste Arturo , Mirouh Giovanni M. , Domiciano de Souza Armando
Published: November 2022

Context. Rapid rotation is a common feature of early-type stars but remains a challenge for models. Nevertheless, we need to understand its effect on stellar evolution in order to interpret the observed properties of numerous stars.

Aims. We wish to provide more observational constraints on the properties of fast rotating stars, especially their oscillation modes.

Methods. We focus on the nearby star Altair which is known to be a very rapidly rotating star with an equatorial velocity recently estimated at 313 km s−1. We observed this star with the high-resolution spectropolarimeter Neo-Narval over six nights, with one night of interruption, in September 2020.

Results. We detect significant line profile variations on the mean line profile of the spectra. Their time-frequency analysis shows that these variations are induced by gravito-inertial waves propagating at Altair’s surface with azimuthal wavenumbers of the order m = 10 − 15. With a preliminary computation of the eigenspectrum using the most recent concordance model of Altair we carried out a first modelling of the observed waves.

Conclusions. Altair was known as the brightest δ Scuti star. We now see that it is the brightest hybrid oscillating star with gravito-inertial waves and acoustic waves being excited. Clearly, more observations and more advanced models are needed to explain the observations in greater details.
The effectiveness of growth processes’ electrostimulation in corn hybrid seeds rodnik 180 sv
Authors: Appaev S.P. , Kotseva A.R. , Mataeva O.H. , Yandieva A.R. , Khatefov E.B.
Published: November 2022

The aftereffect’s study of pre-sowing treatment with electric current of 500V, 1000V and 8000V on the sowing qualities and growth processes of corn hybrid seeds Rodnik 180 SV was carried out in laboratory conditions. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of electrical stimulation on the germination and germination energy of corn seeds was revealed. Studies have shown the effectiveness of seeds’ pre-sowing electrical stimulation according to the following traits: growth of roots and seedlings, seed swelling intensity, germination energy and germination. Laboratory germination of seeds increased by 10% compared to the standard, germination energy – by 13-15%. The swelling intensity of treated seeds was 15-17% higher. The weight of raw sprouts in the control option was 32.3g, dry – 10.2 g. The weight of raw sprouts in seeds treated with 8000V was 48.9g, when treated with 500V – 54.0g. The length of roots and seedlings when treated with 8000V ranged from 23.9 mm, at 500V - up to 44.2 mm.
Phytosanitary diseases’ monitoring of breeding crops of winter cereals and limitation of their harmfulness
Authors: Shchuklina Olga , Kvitko Valeria , Alenicheva Anastasia , Voronchikhina Irina , Klimenkova Irina
Published: November 2022

Studies on fungicides’ effect on new varieties and lines of winter triticum-wheatgrass hybrids and winter triticale were conducted in the conditions of the Central zone of the Russian Federation. The results showed that the preparations Alto Super, CE and Falcon, CE effectively cope with the suppression of brown leaf rust on new varieties in the dosages recommended by manufacturers. They allow to reduce the prevalence of brown rust by 15.2-35.6%, the development degree of the disease - by 9.9-18.0%. The spread of septoria decreases by 7.7-8.8%, the intensity of plant damage - by 1.0-2.2%. The use of these preparations allowed to increase crop yields by 1.2-1.7 times compared to the option with no fungicidal treatments.