bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universidade moderna: dos interesses do Estado-nação às conveniências do mercado
Authors: SILVEIRA ZULEIDE SIMAS DA , BIANCHETTI LUCÍDIO
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Este texto analisa as transformações pelas quais vem passando a universidade brasileira em relação à configuração institucional, ao financiamento, à gestão e à produção do conhecimento. Primeiramente, dá destaque aos modelos de universidade humboldtiano, napoleônico e norte-americano, de modo que se possa captar o desenvolvimento dessas concepções, sua convergência e materialização na universidade modernizada. Em seguida, desvela que, no decurso dos processos de internacionalização da economia, a ideia de universidade passa a alinhar-se, historicamente, aos desígnios do desenvolvimento econômico por mediação da política científico-tecnológica, sob a orientação de organismos supranacionais e intelectuais orgânicos do capital. Por fim, aponta para a contrarreforma universitária como triplo processo: integração subordinada da educação à política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação; diversificação e hierarquização institucional segundo a oferta e duração dos cursos; e empresariamento da educação.
O regresso de licenciados ao ensino superior: entre a inserção profissional e a educação ao longo da vida
Authors: ALVES MARIANA GAIO
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Neste artigo, analisa-se o regresso de licenciados ao ensino superior para continuarem a formação académica, discutindo-se e interrogando-se as razões pelas quais os licenciados escolhem continuar uma formação pós-graduada. A análise apoia-se em dados empíricos resultantes de uma amostra representativa de licenciados que em 2004/2005 terminaram os respectivos cursos na Universidade de Lisboa e na Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal). Os dados apresentados permitem debater em que medida a participação em formação pós-graduada pode ser entendida como uma estratégia de inserção profissional. Esse debate é particularmente relevante no contexto atual, tendo em conta, por um lado, que a educação ao longo da vida assume uma centralidade crescente nas sociedades contemporâneas e, por outro lado, que a precarização do emprego dos licenciados tem vindo a acentuar-se significativamente.
Effects of nutrients increase on the copepod community of a reservoir using cages
Authors: Tibúrcio Vanessa Graciele , Arrieira Rodrigo Leite , Schwind Leilane Talita Fatoreto , Bonecker Claudia Costa , Lansac-Tôha Fábio Amodêo
Published: December 2015

Abstract Aim: This study investigated changes in copepod abundance and the influence of environmental variables in a reservoir with fish farming using cages, on temporal and spatial scales. We hypothesised that the copepod abundance will increase when influenced by changes in environmental variables due the increase of nutrients originating from fish farming. Methods A 120-day sampling of copepods and environmental variables was carried out in a subtropical reservoir of the Paraná River basin (Rosana reservoir), upstream and downstream of three sets of cages with different fish stocking densities. A Principal Component Analysis was conducted to characterise sampling periods and points through environmental variables. The differences between copepod abundance according to sampling periods and points were tested by ANOVA. Results We observed higher maximum values for most nutrient concentrations and dissolved oxygen in the final stage of the experiment and in the location of cages installation. The copepod abundance increased sharply during the first days of the experiment and then decreased during the following periods with a tendency towards returning to the initial conditions at the final stage of the experiment. A significant difference in copepod abundance between the location of cages installation and downstream was showed. In addition, turbidity, chlorophyll-a, and nitrate significantly predicted copepod abundance. Conclusion The results suggested that the changes in copepod abundance over time are influenced by environmental variables, evidenced by the increase in nutrient concentration after the cage installation, related to the increase in the practice of fish farming. The environmental variables related to system productivity were linked to the availability of food resources. Thus, our hypothesis that copepod abundance is increased due the alterations in environmental variables caused by the increase in the practice of fish farming using cages was corroborated.
Foster Youth Perceptions on Educational Well-Being
Authors: Schroeter Mary Kate , Strolin-Goltzman Jessica , Suter Jesse , Werrbach Matthew , Hayden-West Kristen , Wilkins Zachary , Gagnon Mark , Rock Joan
Published: December 2015

Educational outcomes for youth in foster care are concerning. The achievement gap is close to 1 school year between youth in foster care and the general population (Smithgall, Gladden, Howard, Goerge, & Courtney, 2004). Although there has been research on the educational disparities between youth in foster care and the general population, the field has not yet heard the voices of youth within the system about their educational experiences while in custody. The purposes of this manuscript are to (a) describe a study which engaged youth in foster care in sharing experiences and opinions about their educational successes in a participatory manner, (b) explore the relationship between perceived student engagement and educational outcomes, and (c) harness the suggestions of these youth in policy and practice improvements supporting their educational well-being.
Collaborative Research Challenges and Recommendations: A Case Study of Parent Engagement in Youth Mentoring (Research Note)
Authors: Kaye Lara , Cabrera Patricia , Smith Carolyn , Houser Sabrina , Krolikowski Alex
Published: December 2015

Collaboration between community-based agencies and research institutions are crucial to the growth of knowledge about community services and outcomes, as well as innovative approaches in the field. Yet, these complicated partnerships come with a number of challenges. This case study arises from a collaboration between an academic research center and a community agency designed to evaluate the impact of a parent engagement intervention on youth mentoring outcomes. We describe the study process, explain challenges from the research and agency perspectives, and conclude with concrete recommendations for future collaborations that highlight the role of clear and ongoing communication, and the potential benefits of an initial evaluability assessment phase.
Correlates of Self-Rated Health among Muslims in the United States
Authors: Hodge David R. , Zidan Tarek , Husain Altaf , Hong Philip Young P.
Published: December 2015

Despite the large and growing population of Muslims in the United States, a paucity of research exists on the variables that may impact health status among members of this distinct cultural group. We address the lack of research by identifying correlates of self-rated health among a community sample of Muslims in the United States (N = 269). We examine the effects of demographic characteristics, health behaviors, psychological health, and contextual factors in the form of discrimination and spirituality. The results of our sequential logistic regression indicate that Muslims who were younger, married, had a graduate degree, and prayed more frequently were more likely to report higher levels of self-rated health. Conversely, respondents who reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms and those who reported being singled out by law enforcement as a result of being a Muslim were more likely to report poorer self-rated health. We conclude by discussing the implications of the results for social work practice with Muslims.
Adolescent Eating Behavior: The Role of Indulgent Parenting
Authors: Darling Carol A. , Rehm Marsha , Coccia Catherine , Cui Ming
Published: December 2015

This qualitative study was set in the context of two evolving concomitant social issues: concerns with adolescent eating and health behaviors and parental indulgence. The research purpose was to gain a deeper and more insightful understanding of the family food ecosystem, parental modeling, and parental indulgence and their potential relationship to adolescent health and well-being. In all, 29 parents of 25 high school students were interviewed, and the resulting narrative data were analyzed for themes. Results showed parental concerns about weight and health, modeling of unhealthy eating habits, and soft structure as a prevalent form of parental indulgence. This research has implications for social workers, family service providers, and health providers who work with communities in developing nutrition and health education programs and policies that enhance parental knowledge, limit the effects of parental indulgence, and address adolescent decision-making skills related to their own health. Recommendations are provided to improve services for families.
Effect of Thyrotropin Suppression Therapy on Bone in Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Papaleontiou Maria , Hawley Sarah T. , Haymart Megan R.
Published: December 2015

Background.

The thyroid cancer incidence is rising. Despite current guidelines, controversy exists regarding the degree and duration of thyrotropin suppression therapy. Also, its potential skeletal effects remain a concern to physicians caring for thyroid cancer patients. We conducted a review of published data to evaluate existing studies focusing on the skeletal effects of thyrotropin suppression therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Materials and Methods.

A systematic search of the PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted. The retained studies were evaluated for methodological quality, and the study populations were categorized into premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, and men.

Results.

Twenty-five pertinent studies were included. Seven studies were longitudinal and 18 were cross-sectional. Of the 25 included studies, 13 were assigned an excellent methodological quality score. Three of 5 longitudinal studies and 3 of 13 cross-sectional studies reported decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women; 2 of 4 longitudinal studies and 5 of 13 cross-sectional studies reported decreased BMD in postmenopausal women. The remaining studies showed no effect on BMD. The only longitudinal study of men showed bone mass loss; however, cross-sectional studies of men did not demonstrate a similar effect.

Conclusion.

Studies to date have yielded conflicting results on the skeletal effects of thyrotropin suppression therapy and a knowledge gap remains, especially for older adults and men. Existing data should be cautiously interpreted because of the variable quality and heterogeneity. Identifying groups at risk of adverse effects from thyrotropin suppression therapy will be instrumental to providing focused and tailored thyroid cancer treatment.
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Inno Alessandro , Bogina Giuseppe , Turazza Monica , Bortesi Laura , Duranti Simona , Massocco Alberto , Zamboni Giuseppe , Carbognin Giovanni , Alongi Filippo , Salgarello Matteo , Gori Stefania
Published: December 2015

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is considered a rare entity, and for this reason there are no data from prospective clinical trials on its optimal management. Early stage tumors are usually treated with the same strategy used for the other types of invasive breast cancer. Anthracycline- and taxane-based regimens represent the most frequently administered chemotherapy in neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting, as well as for metastatic disease, although combinations of platinum compounds and etoposide have been widely used, in particular for small-cell histology and tumors with a high proliferation index. For metastatic disease, a multimodality therapeutic strategy can be considered on an individual basis, with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of the above. In the near future, a better knowledge of the biology of these tumors will hopefully provide new therapeutic targets for personalized treatment. In this review, we discuss the current evidence and the future perspectives on diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast.
Hydro-mechanical analysis of volcanic ash slopes during rainfall
Authors: Laloui L. , Ferrari A. , Li C. , Eichenberger J.
Published: December 2015

Rainfall-induced landslides in volcanic ashes represent a major natural hazard in many regions around the world. Owing to their loose structure, volcanic ash slopes are prone to rainfall-induced landslides. The paper presents a continuum modelling approach for the analysis of wetting-induced instability phenomena at the onset of failure in loose volcanic ash slopes. A numerical simulation of a landslide-prone volcanic slope in Costa Rica is carried out with a two-dimensional hydro-mechanical finite-element slope model. A constitutive model based on the effective stress concept extended to partially saturated conditions is used to reproduce the volcanic ash hydro-mechanical behaviour. The model parameters were calibrated through a previous extensive laboratory testing campaign. Simulation results allow the behaviour of the slope during rainfall infiltration to be anticipated and the development of the failure mechanism to be analysed. Results of the coupled numerical model demonstrate the important role of wetting and drying cycles, slope geometry and bedrock on the timely evolution of matric suctions and wetting-induced deformations. Moreover, it is observed that the pore collapse upon wetting enhances the development of a localised shear failure mechanism in unsaturated conditions.
Modelado de los factores ambientales que determinan la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de Physalis
Authors: López-Sandoval José Antonio , López-Mata Lauro , Cruz-Cárdenas Gustavo , Vibrans Heike , Vargas Ofelia , Martínez Mahinda
Published: December 2015

The modeling of the distribution of synanthropic (weedy) species and the environmental factors that determine their distribution is not well studied. Physalis has 90 species distributed in the Americas, and several in the Old World. Mexico harbors about 70 species and approximately 35 are endemic. The section Angulatae includes 10 species, all synanthropic to some degree. The species tended to concentrate in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. The aim of this work was to model and identify the environmental variables that determine the potential distribution of the ten species of Physalis sect. Angulatae. A total of 524 records that had been verified by the taxonomic experts of the group and 20 environmental variables were used; 12 were climatic, and the other eight were novel and of different types: three soil properties, two normalized differential vegetation indexes and three topographic attributes. The models were obtained with the Maxent algorithm. The results of the modelling showed that the most suitable habitat for the persistence of eight species was delimited by the normalized differential vegetation index during the dry months of the year, the soil organic matter, the elevation and the aspect, which together explained between the 73 and 91 % of the variation in its distribution. Other groups of factors like total precipitation and isthermality determined the distribution of P. crassifolia and P. glabra, respectively. We show that the novel environmental factors such as the normalized differential vegetation index and the soil properties were decisive predictors in the potential distribution of the species in the section Angulatae.
Evaluación del banco de semillas y su importancia en la rehabilitación de la vegetación de humedales del centro México
Authors: Zepeda-Gómez Carmen , Lot Antonio , Antonio-Némiga Xanat , Manjarrez Javier
Published: December 2015

Methods of seed bank evaluation have a particular efficiency and each one provides a different picture of the vegetation; however, this information can be very useful in restoration programs for wetland vegetation. The aim was to compare quantitatively the Chignahuapan seed bank using two methods and infer whether plant communities could be rehabilitated from it. In the seasonally flooded areas of the marsh, we collected samples of the top 10 cm of sediment to evaluate the seed bank by the methods of separation and of germination. The tested methods differ in species composition and in its abundance. Separation method predicted higher richness, diversity, and density. Germination method showed a higher similarity to the established vegetation and predicted which species emerge more easily from the bank. The low similarity and the lack of relationship between species of both methods show that each technique has a different predictive power, thus its isolated application should be avoided. Chignahuapan seed bank includes 60 species and is characterized by the presence of plants with high ecological tolerance, low similarity with established vegetation and the absence of strict aquatic plants previously registered as typical elements in the region. This seed bank canbe used in future restoration programs of the marsh, with the limitation to restore plant species of early succession stages.
Developmental morphology of bud galls induced on the vegetative meristems of Quercus castanea by Amphibolips michoacaensis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae).
Authors: Hernández Soto Paulina , Lara-Flores Miguel , Agredano-Moreno Lourdes , Jiménez-García Luis Felipe , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , Oyama Ken
Published: December 2015

A gall is the result of complex interactions between a gall inducing-insect and its host plant. Certain groups of insects have the ability to induce a new structure, a gall, on plant organs by altering the normal growth of the host involved plant organ. The gall usually provides shelter and nutrients, in addition to protection against adverse environmental conditions and natural enemies to the inducing insect and its offspring. The ecological uniqueness of a gall is that it allows the inducing-insect to complete their life cycles. In this study, we have described the structures of different stages of growth of a gall induced by Amphibolips michoacaensis on the buds of leaves on Quercus castanea (Fagaceae) to know the subcellular changes during development. The gall consist of various layers such as a nutritive tissue, a lignified sheath, a spongy layer and an outermost epidermis around a centrally located larval chamber. The nutritive cell of the larval chamber show nuclear and nucleolar hypertrophy in the early phases of growth. The granular profile of the nucleolus suggests an active synthesis of ribosomes indicating an accelerated protein synthesis in these cells. During early stages of growth, the cells of the spongy layers within galls are nucleate and nucleolate and include amyloplasts, and the cytoplasm is less abundant. During later growth stages, the spongy cells are enucleate and enucleolate. Chloroplasts occur in the epidermal cells during early stages of growth, indicating that galls are photosynthetically active in early stages of growth. During intermediate stages of growth, a gradual loss of cellular components occurs commencing in the epidermal cells and progressing towards the nutritive cells.
Bachelors in Psychology: the Uncertainty of Goal-setting, Risks and Possible Ways to Overcome them
Authors: Chirkova T.I.
Published: December 2015

The paper analyzes the uncertainty of goal-setting in the preparation of bachelors in Psychology to social work; the structure of competences, the final examination criteria for graduates. We describe the risks in training programs in the selection of the content and teaching technologies: lack of the principles of academic and applied bachelor content distinction; risk of a “clip” format of teaching students due to the shortage of time for the acquisition of the academic disciplines content; the risk of "hidden defect" in the development of professionally important qualities in graduates. We outline the methodology to overcome these risks: the implementation of the principle of the unity of the "philosophy of practice" and the science of psychology; the standard of the psychologist work should be the basis of the content selection and didactic training of psychologists; the principle of integration of the human sciences is a functional element of the social system, free and sovereign personality, and individual organism.
Metacognitive knowledge monitoring under assessment of educational achievements
Authors: Fomin A.E. , Pavlenko A.V.
Published: December 2015

We present an empirical study, which tested the hypothesis about the impact of the situation of educational achievements assessment on metacognitive monitoring of students’ subject knowledge test performance. On a sample of 47 people (21 girls, 26 boys, mean age 15.5 years) we revealed that the characteristics of metacognitive monitoring (self-decision and the accuracy of metacognitive judgments) differ in a situation of educational achievements assessment and in its absence. We found that students with high and low achievement motivation show different metacognitive monitoring of the situation in the presence or absence of the estimation of educational achievements (p < 0,05). In conclusion, we discuss the use of the data and findings in the general psychological and psycho-pedagogical studies of metacognition, and in teaching practice.
Ethno-cultural Competence of Teachers in Environments with Multi-ethnic Students
Authors: Pavlova O.S. , Nazranova L.Z.
Published: December 2015

We analyzed the content and direction of professional work of teachers in ethnic and cultural education of children, and the need for ethno-cultural knowledge and skills of teachers in a modern, multicultural educational environment of Moscow and Nalchik. We studied ethno-cultural competence of teachers engaged in teaching activities in educational institutions in Moscow and Nalchik. The hypothesis of our work is that in the ethno-cultural competence of teachers in Moscow and Nalchik, there are qualitative and quantitative differences due to the specifics of the social context, in particular the characteristics of the multicultural environment of educational institutions and the living environment, availability of skills, knowledge and abilities in intercultural educators themselves. Our study involved 174 employees of educational institutions. Of these, 125 were teachers in Moscow and the Moscow region and 49 were teachers in Nalchik. We revealed a lack of knowledge and skills necessary for professional activity and communication with other cultures children and their parents in Moscow teachers.
Upper Bounds on the Performance of Discretisation in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Mitchley Michael Robin
Published: December 2015

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning framework whereby an agent learns to perform a task by maximising its total reward received for selecting actions in each state. The policy mapping states to actions that the agent learns is either represented explicitly, or implicitly through a value function. It is common in reinforcement learning to discretise a continuous state space using tile coding or binary features. We prove an upper bound on the performance of discretisation for direct policy representation or value function approximation.
Syllabification and parameter optimisation in Zulu to English machine translation
Authors: Kotzé Gideon , Wolff Friedel
Published: December 2015

We present a series of experiments involving the machine translation of Zulu to English using a well-known statistical software system. Due to morphological complexity and relative scarcity of resources, the case of Zulu is challenging. Against a selection of baseline models, we show that a relatively naive approach of dividing Zulu words into syllables leads to a surprising improvement. We further improve on this model through manual configuration changes. Our best model significantly outperforms the baseline models (BLEU measure, at p < 0.001) even when they are optimised to a similar degree, only falling short of the well-known Morfessor morphological analyser that makes use of relatively sophisticated algorithms. These experiments suggest that even a simple optimisation procedure can improve the quality of this approach to a significant degree. This is promising particularly because it improves on a mostly language independent approach — at least within the same language family. Our work also drives the point home that sub-lexical alignment for Zulu is crucial for improved translation quality.
How to Properly Ground Your Electricity Outlets and Save
Authors: Suwono Handoko
Published: December 2015

Sometime when we touch the metal parts of instruments or devices connected to wall outlet, we feel a mild electricity shock from the devices. A stingy shock that could be harmful to some people. It must be more than sixty volts that a human-body can response to it. Over than 60volt of excess electricity will damage some devices. It means the electricity is leaking. This leakage is hazardous to your health and to parts of devices such as chips in computers, USB devices or others. In some cases, it will directly damage the devices. This leakage comes from improper grounding of the electricity wiring system.

Keywords: grounding, earth, wiring, improper, electricity, energy
Indigenous Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Peat Soil for an Eco-friendly Biofertilizer in Oil Palm Plantation
Authors: Situmorang Elizabeth Caroline , Prameswara Andriessa , Sinthya Hana Christine , Toruan-Mathius Nurita , Liwang Tony
Published: December 2015

Degradation in soil fertility is an enormous problem in agricultural intensification system. Availability in phosphate is one of among encountered problems. Peat soils have large areas and great potential for agriculture and plantations, but have many obstacles in their management. One of the issues is the low soil fertility and low availability of nutrients, especially phosphate which exists in many organic forms that are not available to plants. Phosphorous is an essential element after nitrogen, which plays an important role in plant growth and metabolism and the process of soil microbiology. Introduction of phosphate- solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as biofertilizer, is a renewable energy based which can increase the availability of phosphate to plants can overcome this problem and at the same time reducing the use of inorganic P fertilizer. Indigenous PSB, isolated from palm oil plantation could be used as a better and friendly bio-agent to improve soil fertility, specifically for phosphate availability. Eight PSB have been isolated from peat soil in oil palm platation. Morphological, biochemical characterization and molecular identifications showed that the 8 isolates belonged to Flavobacterium and Enterobacter genera, more precisely the species of Burkholderia sp and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens. Characterization of isolates of the highest PSB activity consisted of the ability to dissolve phosphate in Pikovskaya solid medium, temperature resistance optimization and the ability to produce phosphatase enzyme. Results showed that isolate with the highest potentiality of dissolving phosphate formed 3.5 cm of clear zone diameter and the phosphatase activity at 9 days of incubation 5.992 units (μmol / ml / min). The peak of enzyme’s activity was reached at 6 days , which corresponded to 54.782 ppm of phosphorus solubilised. The lowest pH (3.2) was reached at 1st day of incubation. These isolates showed the ability to grow optimally at temperature range of 25 to 300C. Indigenous PSB could be used as biofertilizer agents which are eco friendly.

Keywords: indigenous; biofertilizer; renewable energy, phosphate solubilizing bacteria;phosphatase; oil palm
POLITECH (The Prototype Development of Plastic Waste Converter Machines Into Liquid Fuels with Continuous System Capacity 3,5 L)
Authors: Atridya Febby , Larasati Ayu Suandari , . Ridwan
Published: December 2015

In 2008, the estimate amount of landfill waste in Indonesia reached 38.5 million tons every year with the largest compositions are organic waste (58%), plastic waste (14%), paper waste (9%) and wood waste (4%). Among waste compositions, only plastic waste takes the longest time of decomposition, about 100-500 years. This is because the characteristic of plastic is unravel which can lead to pollution of land, water and air. To overcome these problems, many people try to find solutions for plastic wastes such as burn, bury and recycle plastic wastes. But, all these ways still have negative impacts for the environment and the safety of the workers who do the combustion process. Therefore, it is a conversion machine that can convert plastic wastes into fuel with pyrolisis system, it burn plastic wastes in vacuum condition. This machine has several advantages, which have a high calorific value of the fuel (equivalent calorific value premium), and this machine can reduce a lot of plastic wastes, reached 92 kilos/ 8 hour every day for 2 kilos reactor capacity, and it’s also safety for environment because the plastic wastes are burnt in the reactor with 900 °C heat. So, the process and the oil are not produces dioxine gas. The innovations of this conversion of plastic waste machine are, it has a continuous pipe that can put 0.3 kg of plastic waste within 1.5 minutes while the machine is operating.

Keywords: plastic waste, conversion machine, pyrolysis, liquid fuel
Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Bali
Authors: Sinuhaji Adrian Rizki
Published: December 2015

OTEC is a method for generating electricity which uses the temperature difference that exist between deep and shallow water with the minimal difference about 20°C. This paper aim to determine the potential and the provision of new and renewable energy in Indonesia.OTEC is very compatible build in Indonesian sea because Indonesia is placed in equator teritory, a lot of island, strain and many difference of topography especially in North Bali Sea. A calculation ocean thermal distribution in Indonesia for OTEC is doing with statistics from ocean thermal surface.The maximum efficiency of carnot engine (ηmax) is obtained in the North Bali Sea by 0.788813. Figures are better than other regions in the Indonesia. OTEC power production is renewable energy that could be a solution to produce electricity, and also can produce fresh water and cold water for agricultural and cooling purposes especially in the tourist area like Bali. 

Keywords: OTEC, Bali, Temperature, Renewable Energy 
Seeds Capacity of Kranji ( Pongamia pinnata Merril. ) Tree as Renewable Energy
Authors: Djam’an Dharmawati F. , . Danu
Published: December 2015

Pongamia pinnata Merrill. (kranji / Mabai / pongam) is a coastal plant that seeds to produce bio-diesel and wood energy, spread from Sumatra to the Moluccas islands there are Kulur Laut (Central Bangka ); Sukarame, Carita (Banten), Batukaras, Ciamis (West Java), National Park Alas Purwo - Banyuwangi (East Java), Kalibukbuk (North Bali); Sambelia, East Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara) Berau, Kulkar and Paser (East Kalimantan) and West Seram (Maluku Islands). 

The aim to get the character of  tree, fruit distribution and potential kranji oil supply that can last all year. Because of the requirements to be a source of renewable energy is sustainable fruit production (raw material of bio-diesel). Naturally, this plant has a generative nature (flowering and fruiting) different between individuals than are affected by environmental conditions.  

The results of the census data collection in a single plot observation in August 2009 in the National Park Alas Purwo,  the character generative growth there between stands have a different that is 5 finished fruiting trees, 3 young fruit trees, 5 mature fruit trees (ready to harvest) and 3 trees are flowering. While the potential for actual production in the village of Batu Karas (Ciamis) in July 2010, has an average production capacity of as much as 1855 or 2297 pods per tree per tree seed grain, 1000 grain weight of 778.21 grams, the equivalent of 2.45 kg / tree the distance between the nearest tree was 2.49 ± 0.80 m. The plants bear fruit at the age of 3 years. 

Planting can broadly be followed by silvicultural management based generative character of the plant so that fruit production can be sustained and followed by oil production management seed production adapted to be effective and efficient. To get the properties of its parent, this plant can be propagated by cutting  the middle branch with a density of 25% gives the percent shade shoots grow by 68.4%. 

Pongamia pinnata has a high potential to be developed as a plant producing bio-diesel material along the coast and on the results of the test crop can grow well in the area of the former mine (Kota Tua Tunu, Bangka) and on marginal land (Parung Panjang, Kabupaten Bogor). The plant roots can symbisis with Rhizobium for clicking of N-fixation from the air. 

Keyword (kata kunci) : pongamia pinnata, potential seed production, distribution 
The Acceleration Strategy of Biogas Utilization in Rural Area
Authors: Budi Luluk Sulistiyo
Published: December 2015

The research objective is to obtain acceleration strategy model of biogas utilization in rural areas with a systems approach. Methods of research conducted through literature review, surveys and expert systems. Analysis of acceleration strategies using hierarchy analysis process and the selection of alternative priority using the comparison method exponential. The results showed that the acceleration strategies of biogas utilization in rural areas depend on 9 important factors, namely, the first three important factors, are in sequential order the availability of raw materials, the government policy, and the the public interest. Acceleration strategy is also depend on important actor such as the governments, the community and the extension services, while the primary goal is cost savings, utilization of waste and replacing fuel wood. As an alternative priority of successive acceleration strategy is the selection of the digester, institutional, financial services and mentoring programs.

Keywords: acceleration strategies, factors, actors, goals, alternatives, biogas digester.
Development of Biodiesel Plant Design Integrated with Palm Oil Mill for Diesel Fuel Substitution in Oil Palm Industry
Authors: Paryanto Imam , Kismanto Agus , S Maharani Dewi , . Hariana
Published: December 2015

One of the biodiesel production problems is the high price of plant oil as a raw material, causing the high cost of biodiesel in the market and less competitive compared to the diesel fossil fuel. Most biodiesel production plants which, are located far from the raw material source, especially from palm oil mill, and are not integrated with palm oil mill can cause the cost of raw material even higher, and hence increased biodiesel production cost. This problem needs to be anticipated and solved by integrating the biodiesel plant with the palm oil mill, so that some of the crude palm oil produced or off-grade palm oil recovered from POME can be processed and converted to biodiesel product. Biodiesel can further be used as diesel-substitute fuel for the operation of palm plantation and palm oil mill. With this integration concept, the investment and production costs can be less because of the availability of crude oil raw material and utilities (water, steam and electricity) in the palm oil mill. To implement the idea of integration strategy to become reality, the development of engineering design of biodiesel plant integrated with palm oil mill is needed with the consideration of some technical aspects of : (i) the internal need of diesel fuel, (ii) supply of raw material, (iii) the selected production process, (iv) the availability of utilities and, (v) calculation of estimated investment and production costs. The concept of integration is the combined and merged business of biodiesel production and palm plantation and oil mill. This concept will give the optimum profit and benefit for utilization of crude palm oil or off-grade palm oil for producing biodiesel to substitute the consumption of diesel fuel in the palm industries.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Biodiesel Plant, Diesel Fuel Substitution, Integrated Biodiesel Plant, Palm Oil Mill
Direct Conversion of Standard Sea Water Electrolyte to Electrical Energy
Authors: Sumawiganda Sugandar
Published: December 2015

This paper explains the techno-economical feasibility of very efficient direct energy conversion of standard seawater electrolytes to electrical energy based on solid state power electronics. It can be shown by applying free Gibbs energy concept and chemical REDOX reaction that the ions are in higher entropy than their associated solid crystal’s form, and therefore they have higher potential energy. The key problem is obviously to separate these free ions in separate subspaces according to its charge, since this separation will create electrical potential difference between them. The ions are essentially  electrons carrier and therefore despites they are moving with random velocity magnitude and direction, the external observer will observe an increasing electric charge due to free ions influx. This separation and migration can be performed by a rather strong electric field created by a special varnish insulated wire grid, VIWG. It will be shown that the energy expenditure for the liberation of ions from hydrates structure containment and migrate them to separate subspaces is  similar to energy activation for the oxidation exothermal process, which requires only marginal external energy. Thus the energy gain is 250 kJoule/kg standard seawater, which is only 0.55% of the fuel value of 1kg Texas’ crude oil, U.S.A. Unlike thermal energy conversion, this system may has 95% efficiency, since all rotating machines are eliminated. With this efficency, the “priceless” seawater feedstock leads to the electric energy tariff which can be as low as 30% of the current one. In addition, this system  provides with a number of significant comparative and competitive advantages compare to any known energy generation technology today, a.o.: zero pollution process, significant by products (fresh water, hydrogen gas, pure solid crystal atoms precipates) renewable since the availabilty of seawater feedstock is unlimited, scalable, modular, small foot-print, co-generation of Sodium/Chlorine fuel cell, and table salt (NaCl), and conventioanl hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell. It can be modified as power house for any kind of ship, as small as traditional fishing vessel to ocean liner. 

Keywords: Gibbs free energy, REDOX, hydrates, zero polution, fuel cell, scalable, modular 

 
Why CCS? Milestone on Research and Regulation Coverages
Authors: Kusuma Aisyah , Widianto Eko , Sule Rachmat , Kadir Wawan Gunawan A. , Gemilang Mega S.
Published: December 2015

Further to Kyoto Protocol, again in 2009 G-20 Pittsburg Summit, Indonesia delivered the commitment on reducing 26% on its emission level. Moreover, as non-annex 1 country, Indonesia shows strong and bold commitment in supporting reduction on increased concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as burning the fossil fuels and deforestation. From the energy sector, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is known as a process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources and depositing it normally at an underground geological formation. CCS becomes now as one of the possible supports to the country commitment. In Indonesia, the potential of CCS applications could be conducted in the gas fields with high content of CO2 and in almost depleted oil fields (by applying CO2-Enchanced Oil Recovery (EOR) The CCS approach could also be conducted in order to increase hydrocarbon production, and at the same time the produced CO2 will be injected and storage it back to the earth. Thus, CCS is a mitigation process in enhancing carbon emission reduction caused by green house effect from production hydrocarbon fields.

This paper will show a proposed milestone on CCS Research roadmap, as steps to be taken in reaching the objective. The milestone consists of the study for identifying potential CO2 sources, evaluating CO2 storage sites, detail study related to CO2 storage selection, CO2 injection, and CO2 injection monitoring. Through these five steps, one can expect to be able to comprehend road map of CCS Research. Through this research milestone, applications of CCS should also be conducted based on the regulatory coverage milestone. From this paper, it is hoped that one can understand the upstream activities starting with research milestone to the very end downstream activities regarding to the regulation coverage bound. 

Keywords: CCS, reduction of carbon emission, regulation umbrella 
(WS 02) 1000 kW - Study on Ocean Thermal Energy as Electricity Power Generator in West Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Satrio , Gabriel Rainhart , Yanuar Ardi Prasetia , Ramadani Rizkiyah
Published: December 2015

In Order to support the equitable economic and science development in Indonesia by fully electrified either in urban or rural area, a revolutionary power generator system which sustainable,renewable and eco-friendly is highly required. WS 02 is an Ocean-Thermal based 1000 kW power generator system which specifically designed to be applied for rural area consist of 500 household such as in West Lombok where the electrification ratio is relatively low. The main components of WS 02 consist of air turbine, power generator, air decompressor and water pump, works by conversing the thermal reaction in particular area of water and turning into mechanical work by using the principle of Open Rankine Cycle then converting it into electrical charge. The system designed to be approximatedly 25 miles off the coastline of the electrified area and 30 years of life-time not only to ensure the efficiency level of the power generated by the generator but also to cut the cost of the energy which consumer to be burdened of. WS 02 enlarge the oppurtunity to decrease fossil-fuel dependency of the people and the government of Indonesia on major aspect of life and create better future.

Keywords: Ocean Thermal, Renewable Energy, Power Generator, Rankine Cycle, WS 02
Quimioterapia neoadyuvante como tratamiento para la preservación de la fertilidad en pacientes con cáncer de cérvix en estadio IB: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Vásquez-Arenas Mónica Isabel , Echeverri-Álvarez Lina , Rendón-Pereira Gabriel , Pareja-Franco René
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: presentar el caso de una paciente con cáncer de cérvix en estadio IB1 mayor de dos cen­tímetros, a quien se le administró quimioterapia neoadyuvante seguida de traquelectomía radical con linfadenectomía pélvica por laparoscopia, con el fin de preservar su fertilidad; hacer una revisión de los casos reportados en la literatura con énfasis en los resultados obstétricos y oncológicos.

Materiales y métodos: presentación del caso y búsqueda en Medline vía PubMed de los artículos publicados en inglés, francés y español desde enero de 2000 hasta agosto de 2014, sobre la administra­ción de quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con­servadora de la fertilidad en pacientes con cáncer de cérvix en estadio IB.

Resultados: se seleccionaron 12 artículos pertinen­tes, para un total de 55 pacientes. Con un seguimien­to entre 14 y 69 meses, se reportaron 4 recaídas y solo una muerte por enfermedad. Resultados obs­tétricos: 30 embarazos, 24 nacimientos, 3 abortos, 1 embarazo ectópico y 2 embarazos en curso.

Conclusión: la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, segui­da de cirugía conservadora de la fertilidad, puede considerarse como una alternativa de manejo en pacientes seleccionadas con cáncer de cérvix en estadio IB, con tumores voluminosos, que deseen preservar su fertilidad.
Hematoma retroperitoeneal posterior a histerectomía vaginal con colporrafia anterior y posterior en Bogotá (Colombia): reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel , Mora-Enríquez Julie , Monsalvo-Díaz Fernando
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: reportar el caso de una paciente con hematoma retroperitoneal posterior a cirugía de corrección de prolapso por vía vaginal, y realizar revisión de la literatura médica sobre la anatomía del espacio retroperitoneal, la etiología, el diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico del hematoma retroperitoneal posoperatorio en ginecología.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente con prolapso vaginal estadio II, a quien se le practicó histerectomía vaginal con colporrafia anterior y posterior, quien presentó como complicación un hematoma retroperitoneal. La paciente fue intervenida en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, hospital público de tercer nivel de com­plejidad, centro de referencia del departamento de Cundinamarca, ubicado en Bogotá (Colombia). Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura médica en las ba­ses de dados Medline vía PubMed, Jstor y Lilacs, con terminología MeSH “hysterectomy vaginal” y “retro­peritoneal hematoma”. La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas inglés y español entre los años 1980 a 2015.

Resultados: se encontraron 15 artículos de los cua­les 3 describen casos secundarios a procedimientos ginecológicos. La revisión final se conforma de: 4 revisiones de tema, 8 reportes de caso, 2 series de casos, 1 estudio observacional descriptivo.

Conclusión: el hematoma retroperitoneal es una rara entidad que requiere de un alto índice de sos­pecha clínica para su diagnóstico. Existen varias herramientas diagnósticas, siendo la tomografía computarizada la de mayor utilidad. El manejo debe individualizarse a cada caso. En paciente estable se puede realizar manejo conservador con éxito o intervenciones endovasculares. Sin embargo, en pacientes inestables hemodinámicamente, la lapa­rotomía es la conducta más recomendada.
Eficacia y seguridad del taponamiento uterino para control de hemorragia y disminución de histerectomía obstétrica. Cohorte histórica en Nuevo León, México, 2013
Authors: Reynosa-Oviedo Yolanda , López-Vera Ernesto Arnoldo , Bazaldúa-Cruz Juan José , Martínez-Salazar Gerardo Jesús
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: realizar una aproximación a la eficacia y seguridad del taponamiento uterino para el control de la hemorragia obstétrica y reducir la necesidad de histerectomía obstétrica.

Materiales y métodos: cohorte histórica de mujeres mayores de edad con diagnóstico de hemorragia obstétrica secundaria a atonía que no respondían a manejo inicial, con sangrado del lecho placentario secundario a placentación anormal o secundaria incompleto, a las cuales se les realizó taponamiento uterino, en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 23 de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la ciudad de Monterrey, hospital de concentración de tercer nivel de atención, ubicado en el estado de Nuevo León (México), de enero a diciembre de 2013. A partir del expediente clínico se registraron las características sociodemográficas y clínicas basales, los datos de laboratorio previo al evento obstétrico y posterior al taponamiento, así como el tiempo de taponamiento en horas, cantidad de insuflación del balón uterino, indicación para el procedimiento, cantidad de sangrado estimado durante el evento obstétrico y posterior a la colocación del balón, control de la hemorragia y necesidad de histerectomía. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, medidas de dispersión y de tendencia central.

Resultados: se incluyeron 161 pacientes con diagnóstico de hemorragia obstétrica, 147 posterior a parto o cesárea y 14 posterior al aborto, entre 16 y 42 años de edad. Se documentó un resultado satisfactorio en más del 95 % posterior al parto o la cesárea, y en más del 93 % posaborto. La permanencia del taponamiento para ambos casos tuvo una media de 20 horas.

Conclusiones: este estudio soporta el uso de taponamiento uterino como medida terapéutica eficaz y segura para controlar la hemorragia y evitar una laparotomía o histerectomía, con una disminución de la morbilidad.