bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unity in Diversity? Reflections on Development Studies in the Mid-2020s
Authors: Sumner Andy
Published: May 2024

Development Studies (DS) demonstrates maturity as a field of inquiry marked by the half-century anniversaries of journals, institutes, and scholarly associations of DS. There is vitality in terms of the volume of research and the buoyant numbers of students engaging with the subject, though DS continues to fragment. The central argument of this paper is that contemporary DS has four broad ‘schools of thought’ which differ significantly in terms of positions taken on the framing of, and universality of development. A typology of DS is proposed which illustrates this. The paper posits that DS would be healthier intellectually if the divides were the subject of greater dialogue. Potential avenues for initiating this discussion are suggested.
America’s “China-First” grand strategy and the transatlantic bargain: revisiting the security–economics nexus
Authors: Desmaele Linde
Published: May 2024

Since Washington announced its “rebalance to Asia” in 2011, debates about America’s Europe strategy have centered on whether America’s European allies could defend themselves without the USA. This debate has overlooked a crucial point: Washington’s security commitment to Europe is not only about military power but also hinges on European acquiescence to Washington’s politico-economic leadership position. US policymakers today increasingly view China as the main challenge to the latter. Accordingly, this article’s driving hypothesis is that the more significance the USA assigns to its European allies in the context of its China agenda, the more it will, for better or worse, seek to maintain (some degree of) European security dependence on the USA. Case studies of the Europe strategies of the Obama, Trump and Biden administrations, respectively, serve as a vehicle to probe the plausibility of this argument.
Media bias through collocations: a corpus-based study of Egyptian and Ethiopian news coverage of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Authors: Elsoufy Ayman Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Despite much research on the media coverage of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), the specific language and ideological underpinnings used in this discourse have received little attention. This study compares the discourse surrounding the GERD construction in Egyptian and Ethiopian news sources to identify variations in word choice and underlying biases. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study analyzes two online English news corpora, totalling over a million words across 2655 articles. The analysis involves identifying statistically salient keywords in each corpus and examining their context through a contrastive collocation analysis. The study investigates the data in light of Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework, which considers the text, discourse practice, and social practice, and applies van Dijk’s concept of the ideological square to explore patterns of self-positive and other-negative representation. The findings reveal distinct patterns of bias in the news coverage from both countries. Egyptian news outlets often frame the GERD project as a source of crisis, depicting Ethiopia as violating international law and exacerbating political tensions. In contrast, Ethiopian news sources tend to portray Egypt as dismissive of Ethiopia’s development rights and as monopolizing the Nile’s resources. These discursive strategies reflect a broader trend of media bias, where lexical choices and framing techniques align with national interests and diplomatic stances.
Acibenzolar-S-methyl promotes wound healing of harvested sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) by regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathway
Authors: Wang Caixia , Wei Lei , Liu Xiaoyu , Ye Qi
Published: May 2024

Rapid wound healing is crucial in protecting sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) against infection, water loss and quality deterioration during storage. The current study investigated how acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) treatment influenced wound healing in harvested sweet potatoes by investigating the underlying mechanism. It was found that ASM treatment of wounded sweet potatoes induced a significant accumulation of lignin at the wound sites, which effectively suppressed weight loss. After 4 days of healing, the lignin content of ASM-treated sweet potatoes was 41.8% higher than that of untreated ones, and the weight loss rate was 20.4% lower. Moreover, ASM treatment increased the ability of sweet potatoes to defend against wounding stress through enhancing processes such as increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of enzymes involved in the ROS metabolism (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase), and intensive synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids. These results suggest that treating harvested sweet potatoes with ASM promotes wound healing through the activation of the ROS metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathway.
A comparison of public views about sports concussion recovery with current guidelines: where are the gaps and overlaps?
Authors: Sullivan Karen A. , Jaganathan Kannan Singaravelu
Published: May 2024

Background Sports concussion (SC) management guidelines have recently been updated. A key focus is the emphasis on rest (immediately postinjury) followed by gradual resumption of activity (active recovery). This study aimed to explore community views on SC management and compared these with the guidelines. Methods A total of 157 volunteers completed an online SC survey, including listing three pieces of advice for a concussed person immediately postinjury, and after 2 weeks (subacute). Quantitative data were statistically compared, and qualitative data underwent content analysis. Results Almost all participants offered different immediate versus subacute advice; however, rest featured highly at both timepoints. Commonly expressed themes, consistent with guidelines were immediate rest; safety and reinjury prevention; and symptom monitoring. Two themes were identified in the community advice with limited emphasis in the guidelines: general health advice and psychological and social support. Expert clinical assessment was not always identified in community advice. Conclusion Community members hold some views that align with expert advice for SC, particularly the importance of immediate postinjury rest. However, there is scope to grow public awareness of some recommended practices, including expert clinical assessment following injury and when to engage in active recovery.
Dimensions of partitivity in Icelandic (and beyond)
Authors: Pfaff Alexander
Published: May 2024

This article addresses a peculiar partitive construction in Icelandic – peculiar, in that it involves (case,
number, gender) agreement between a quantificational element and the inner nominal, rather than dependency marking (by case or
preposition) on the inner nominal. It is shown that this construction shares properties of both canonical partitives (definiteness
marking) and pseudo-partitives (monophrasality), but actually qualifies as neither; it assumes an intermediate position. Based on
this insight, we develop the idea that partitive constructions may be not simply a collection of “structures that fall under the
umbrella term of “partitives”” (Falco and Zamparelli 2019: 1), but rather constitute a
scale of partitivity. It is likewise conceded, however, that a proper map of partitivity may be more complex than a simple one
dimensional hierarchy.
Paediatric ankle rehabilitation system based on twisted and coiled polymer actuators
Authors: Gonzalez-Vazquez Alberto , Garcia Lorenzo , Kilby Jeff
Published: May 2024

Rehabilitation is crucial for children with physical disabilities arising from various conditions. Traditional exoskeletons, reliant on electric motors and rigid components, making them cumbersome, heavy, and unsuitable for use outside clinical facilities. To overcome these, researchers are turning to soft wearable rehabilitation robots (SWRRs) with artificial muscles based on smart materials like twisted and coiled polymer actuators (TCPs). TCPs offer enhanced compliance, adaptability, comfort, safety, and reduced weight—critical for paediatric use. Despite facing challenges like low operating frequencies and high temperatures, TCPs are explored as potential artificial muscles for SWRRs, due to their advantages on the force they can generate, the strain and a linear behaviour. This study details a proof of concept for a paediatric rehabilitation system for ankles based on TCPs, including the actuator characterization, mechanical design, control strategy, and human-computer-interface (HCI). The resulting device achieved a 1.4 Nm torque, a 10° range of motion in dorsiflexion within 5 s, and integrated electromyographic HCI. This research marks a promising step towards innovative, soft wearable rehabilitation solutions for children with physical disabilities.
A versatile framework for analyzing galaxy image data by incorporating Human-in-the-loop in a large vision model*
Authors: Fu 傅 Ming-Xiang 溟翔 , Song 宋 Yu 宇 , Lv 吕 Jia-Meng 佳蒙 , Cao 曹 Liang 亮 , Jia 贾 Peng 鹏 , Li 李 Nan 楠 , Li 李 Xiang-Ru 乡儒 , Liu 刘 Ji-Feng 继峰 , Luo 罗 A-Li 阿理 , Qiu 邱 Bo 波 , Shen 沈 Shi-Yin 世银 , Tu 屠 Liang-Ping 良平 , Wang 王 Li-Li 丽丽 , Wei 卫 Shou-Lin 守林 , Yang 杨 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Yi 衣 Zhen-Ping 振萍 , Zou 邹 Zhi-Qiang 志强
Published: May 2024

The exponential growth of astronomical datasets provides an unprecedented opportunity for humans to gain insight into the Universe. However, effectively analyzing this vast amount of data poses a significant challenge. In response, astronomers are turning to deep learning techniques, but these methods are limited by their specific training sets, leading to considerable duplicate workloads. To overcome this issue, we built a framework for the general analysis of galaxy images based on a large vision model (LVM) plus downstream tasks (DST), including galaxy morphological classification, image restoration, object detection, parameter extraction, and more. Considering the low signal-to-noise ratios of galaxy images and the imbalanced distribution of galaxy categories, we designed our LVM to incorporate a Human-in-the-loop (HITL) module, which leverages human knowledge to enhance the reliability and interpretability of processing galaxy images interactively. The proposed framework exhibits notable few-shot learning capabilities and versatile adaptability for all the abovementioned tasks on galaxy images in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. In particular, for the object detection task, which was trained using 1000 data points, our DST in the LVM achieved an accuracy of 96.7%, while ResNet50 plus Mask R-CNN reached an accuracy of 93.1%. For morphological classification, to obtain an area under the curve (AUC) of ~0.9, LVM plus DST and HITL only requested 1/50 of the training sets that ResNet18 requested. In addition, multimodal data can be integrated, which creates possibilities for conducting joint analyses with datasets spanning diverse domains in the era of multi-messenger astronomy.
Probing the Galactic Halo with RR Lyrae Stars. VI. The Radial Velocity Curve Templates of RRc Stars
Authors: Huang Yue , Fang Min , Liu Gaochao , Zheng Xianzhong , Bird Sarah Ann , Huang Yang , Shi Jianrong , Wang Jiangtao , Zhang Huawei , Tian Haijun , Zhang Haotong
Published: May 2024

We present radial velocity (RV) curve templates of RR Lyrae first-overtone (RRc) stars constructed with the Mg i b triplet and Hα lines using time-domain Medium-Resolution Survey spectra of seven RRc stars from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 9. Additionally, we derive the relation between the stellar RV curve amplitudes and g-band light curve amplitudes from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public survey. For those RRc stars without ZTF g-band light curves, we provide the conversions from the light curve amplitudes in ZTF r- and i-bands, Gaia G-band, and V-band from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae to those in ZTF g-band. We validate our RV curve templates using the RRc star SV Scl and find the uncertainties of systemic RV are less than 2.11 km s −1 and 6.08 km s −1 based on the Mg i b triplet and Hα lines, respectively. We calculate the systemic RVs of 30 RRc stars using the RV curve templates constructed with the Mg i b triplet and Hα lines and find the systemic RVs are comparable with each other. This RV curve template will be particularly useful for obtaining the systemic RV of RRc using the LAMOST spectroscopy.
Are Solar Active Regions Born with Neutralized Currents?
Authors: Duan Aiying , Xing Yaoyu , Jiang Chaowei
Published: May 2024

Solar active regions (ARs) are formed by the emergence of current-carrying magnetic flux tubes from below the photosphere. Although for an isolated flux tube the direct and return currents flowing along the tube should balance with each other, it remains controversial whether such a neutralization of currents is also maintained during the emergence process. Here we present a systematic survey of the degrees of the current neutralization in a large sample of flux-emerging ARs which appeared on the solar disk around the central meridian from 2010 to 2022. The vector magnetograms taken by Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard Solar Dynamic Observatory are employed to calculate the distributions of the vertical current density at the photosphere. Focusing on the main phase of flux emergence, i.e., the phase in which the total unsigned magnetic flux is continuously increased, we statistically examined the ratios of direct to return currents in all the ARs. Such a large-sample statistical study suggests that most of the ARs were born with currents close to neutralization. The degree of current neutralization seems to be not affected by the active-region size, the active-region growing rate, and the total unsigned current. The only correlation of significance as found is that the stronger the magnetic field nonpotentiality is, the further the AR deviates from current neutrality, which supports previous event studies that eruption-productive ARs often have non-neutralized currents.
Evolution of High-energy Electron Distribution in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Authors: Liu Yi-Ming , Zeng Hou-Dun , Xin Yu-Liang , Liu Si-Ming , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we analyze the spectral energy distributions of 17 powerful (with a spin-down luminosity greater than 1035 erg s−1) young (with an age less than 15,000 yr) pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) using a simple time-independent one-zone emission model. Our aim is to investigate correlations between model parameters and the ages of the corresponding PWNe, thereby revealing the evolution of high-energy electron distributions within PWNe. Our findings are as follows: (1) The electron distributions in PWNe can be characterized by a double power-law with a super-exponential cutoff. (2) As PWNe evolve, the high-energy end of the electron distribution spectrum becomes harder with the index decreasing from approximately 3.5 to 2.5, while the low-energy end spectrum index remains constant near 1.5. (3) There is no apparent correlation between the break energy or cutoff energy and the age of PWNe. (4) The average magnetic field within PWNe decreases with age, leading to a positive correlation between the energy loss timescale of electrons at the break energy or the high-energy cutoff, and the age of the PWN. (5) The total electron energy within PWNe remains constant near 2 × 1048 erg, while the total magnetic energy decreases with age.
Mechanical Properties of Basalt / Chopped E-Glass Fiber and Graphite Powder Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Authors: Bhargavi R , Ajay Kumar V , Madhusudan S , Rajesh S
Published: May 2024

In the current investigation an effort has put to study the effect of E-glass chopped mat and graphite powder in variations of 5g, 10g, and 15g on the tensile and flexural behavior of a basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminate reinforced with E-Glass fiber and Graphite powder. Hand layup technique has been used for the fabrication of the composites. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were done on the Basalt/E-glass/Graphite epoxy composite in accordance with ASTM standards. The results indicate significant improvement in tensile strength, impact strength and hardness when E-glass was incorporated in the basalt/epoxy composite. However, basalt/E-glass/10% graphite epoxy composite was shown to have a greater flexural strength. An excellent dispersion of the reinforcements in the polymeric matrix, which elevated surface area for solid interfacial contact and effective load transmission, could possibly be accountable for the improved performance of the laminates that were successfully developed.
A review on machinability and optimization of machining parameters of metal matrix composites
Authors: Kumar Kotteda Tarun , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Pramod , Gupta Ajay , Murali Krishnam Raju K V
Published: May 2024

The advancement in the state-of-the-art materials that are harder and difficult to cut till date have led to the upgradation towards cutting-edge technologies for machining them. In recent times, utilization of advanced materials in various domains such as aerospace, automobile industries etc. is significantly increases due to the requirement in the aspect of lighter in weight and hardness. At present study, investigations by many researchers on various machining processes and optimization techniques used so far in several metal matrix composites are mentioned. This includes conventional and unconventional machining methods and the user-friendly optimization techniques such as response surface methodology, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, and Taguchi approach. In addition to these, this study emphasizes on the modelling of the machining processes in MMCs. Finally, open issues and conclusions drawn on the machinability and optimization of tailor-made composites are illustrated with reference to surface finish.
Investigations on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HAp Nanocomposites reinforced with ZrO2 and TiO2
Authors: Ajay Kumar V , Rama Murty Raju P. , Bhargavi R , Madhusudan S , Rajesh S
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary context, approximately 15 million individuals in India grapple with bone-related issues stemming from accidents, fractures, bone mass depletion, and the natural aging process. To address this challenge, a diverse array of biomaterials has been innovated to rectify or enhance bone deficiencies within the human body. Nevertheless, over the past decade, calcium phosphate-based bioceramic materials have gained significant prominence as synthetic alternatives for bone and dental applications in the fields of orthopaedics and dentistry. One such bioactive ceramic, Hydroxyapatite (HAp), boasts exceptional versatility and can find utility in both dental and orthopaedic contexts. In the current research, exhaustive research was conducted to explore the impact of HAp/(ZrO2+TiO2) hybrid nano-composites synthesized through a mechanical synthesis process employing high-energy ball milling (HEBM), incorporating varying weight proportions. The resulting “HAp/(ZrO2+TiO2) nano-composites” were subjected to characterization through scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the study assessed the influence of these nano-composites regarding the HAp nano-composites’ mechanical characteristics.
A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Additives on Microalgae Biodiesel Performance and Emissions
Authors: Srinivasa Vara Prasad Adina , Murali Krishnam Raju K V , Krishna Bhaskar K , Kumar Kotteda Tarun
Published: May 2024

The production and utilization of biodiesel derived from microalgae have gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the intrinsic properties of microalgae biodiesel can limit its performance and lead to undesirable emissions. This paper summarizes the impact of additives on microalgae biodiesel, focusing on their influence on performance and emissions. Additives play a crucial role in improving the overall quality and efficiency of microalgae biodiesel. They encompass a range of compounds, including antioxidants, stabilizers, and combustion enhancers. These additives have been studied extensively to elucidate their effects on fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. By modifying the physicochemical properties of microalgae biodiesel, additives can enhance its stability, cetane number, and oxidative resistance, thereby promoting efficient combustion and reducing emissions of harmful pollutants. This review concludes that the usage of additives to the algae biodiesel leads to improved combustion performance and emission reduction.
Influence of Photonics and Plasmonics Effect on Ultrathin Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cell
Authors: Saravanan S. , Dubey R.S. , Srikanth S. , Jagadeeswara rao D. , Someswararao M.V.
Published: May 2024

Our recent surge in silicon derived materials has major demand in thin film photovoltaic (PV) modules and enhancing the significant numbers. The rigorous coupled wave analysis method is a simple and fast method also known as developed to determine the light absorption and cell efficiency. The optics of thin film solar cells (amorphous silicon) garnering crucial role in the photovoltaic market. In this work, an ultrathin thin film amorphous silicon solar cell PV performance investigated by periodically textured surfaces at the nanoscale level. This analysis of periodic textured substrate was deriving optimal surface textures. The nanogratings lead to light scattering mechanism with the higher order diffraction angle and enhanced the light absorption of the incidence spectrum. The influence of grating period and height, the collection of the charge carriers increased at various wavelengths from ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral regions are discussed with the assistance of photonic and plasmonic modes. Finally, nanoscale engineering mechanism the optimized thin film amorphous silicon solar cell yielded the highest current densities (22.6 and 23.8 mA/cm2) in both polarization modes.
Application of mobile laser measurement system in railway inspection
Authors: Liu Hao , Yao Lianbi , Wu Hangbin
Published: May 2024

Given the time constraints and demanding precision requirements of railway measurements, traditional measurement methods struggle to meet the inspection needs for the future expansion and renovation of extensive rail networks. This paper presents a railway data collection and processing system developed by using mobile laser scanning technology. To address the issue of error accumulation exceeding predefined limits in the positioning algorithm, we conducted a comprehensive study and utilized smoothing algorithms to correct acceleration and attitude angles. This optimization process not only enhances trajectory data but also improves the accuracy of the point cloud. The results indicate that this system holds significant importance in the realms of railway digital survey and design, as well as digital renovation and related areas.
Automatic detection of sewer defects based on yolov5
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , Zhao Zekuan , He Chunlin
Published: May 2024

As cities modernize, sewer systems continue to expand. However, pipe problems may lead to accidents such as sewage overflow. The traditional sewerage pipe detection technology suffers from low accuracy and inefficiency and mainly relies on manual visual identification, which is prone to subjective errors. In this paper, a new Sewer-Yolov58 model is proposed to solve this problem, which is improved based on the original Yolov5 for real-time detection of sewerage problems to detect pipeline problems in time and is favorable for the subsequent repair work. Through comparison experiments with other models, the results show that the improved Sewer-Yolov58 model has a more efficient and accurate detection effect.
A novel design and application of anti-biofouling system of buoy sensor based on sampling measuring method
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Shizhe , Kong Qinglin , Zheng Liang , Song Miaomiao
Published: May 2024

The stability and reliability of sensors significantly influence the quality of the ocean buoy data. The long-time submersion of sensors increases the risk of biofouling, leading to a decline in data quality and malfunctions. To resolve this problem, this paper presents an automatic seawater sampling and drainage system based on the formation principles and characteristics of biofilms. The sensor is exposed to seawater only during the measurement cycle, minimizing the contact time with seawater. This disrupts the conditions for the formation and growth of marine microorganisms. A comparative experiment was conducted at a shore station by using different methods, and the measurement data were analyzed. The study demonstrated the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method compared to traditional methods in measuring temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll. In conclusion, we point out the disadvantages of the method and emphasize future research.
Miner pose detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv7 in the coal mine
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Li Junyu
Published: May 2024

The unsafe behavior of workers in underground mines is a major cause of accidents. Recently, deep learning technology has become more and more widely used in the computer field and has achieved remarkable results, providing new opportunities for the research of miner behavior recognition algorithms. To address the current problem of large computation volume and low detection efficiency of multi-person posture detection in underground mines, we propose an improved algorithm that introduces the GSConv convolution module into the YOLOv7-Pose model and replaces the ELEN-W module with the GSELEN module to accelerate model convergence. We also introduce a group-convolution reconstruction SPPCSPC module to reduce parameter load and calculation amount and reduce the original 17 joint points to 14 joints to further realize a lightweight model. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv7-Pose model in this study decreased to 135.7 MB, by about 18.8%, while maintaining model accuracy. Therefore, this improvement can achieve a lightweight algorithm and improve real-time posture detection of construction workers in underground mines while ensuring model accuracy.
Data preprocessing for flatness measurements of large precision workpieces
Authors: Huang Shansheng , Pang Yongyin , Xia Huiheng
Published: May 2024

Measuring the flatness error of large precision workpieces quickly and accurately is a difficult problem. A new method for preprocessing flatness measurement data based on MSE (mean squared error) is proposed. A mathematical model of a new data preprocessing method was established, and the mathematical formula for model solving was derived in detail. The data were measured by digital level on the plane of the granite base with dimensions of 2340 m×1540 mm. The new method and SmartLevel (basic measurement system of the level computer) were used to calculate and process the data. The flatness errors after diagonal evaluation were 4.07 μm and 3.90 μm, respectively. The relative error of the two was 4.36%, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the new method. The data results show that this method can be effectively used for the engineering measurement of the flatness of large precision workpieces.
Research on tree-based support generation algorithm for fused deposition modeling
Authors: Zhou Zhaolin , Wang Di
Published: May 2024

A tree-based support generation algorithm based on Fused Deposition Modeling is proposed to optimize support material consumption. The algorithm first identifies dangerous facets and partitions them. Support points are obtained using either a grid sampling method or a contour sampling method based on the ratio of the horizontal projection area of the dangerous area to the area of the bounding rectangle. Then, support segments are generated from top to bottom based on specified constraint angles. Slicing the support segments with height planes at specified intervals produces sliced support points. Finally, support contours and infill are generated around these points. To ensure model quality and facilitate support removal, a predetermined distance is maintained between the top of the support and the model, and the contour diameter decreases near the model. Experimental results comparing this algorithm with alternative support generation methods demonstrate its ability to effectively support overhanging regions while reducing printing time and material consumption.
Design of single-laser remote methane gas measurement system with distance measurement based on time-division multiplexing technology
Authors: Wu Qi , Yang Yuanjin , Xu Yang , Wang Wenlong , Men Chao , Yang Bingxiong
Published: May 2024

Limited to the principle of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, the existing open-path laser remote methane measurement system can only measure the integral concentration, and it needs to be matched with a laser rangefinder to complete the calculation of the average concentration, which increases the complexity of the system. To solve this problem, by driving the laser diode (LD) in time-division multiplexing mode, we complete the integral concentration of gas and distance measurement with the use of a single LD. We complete the design of the laser signal transceiver structure and finish the corresponding hardware circuit design, including the LD driving circuit, frequency generation, mixer circuit, and optoelectronic signal receiving circuit. The experiment shows the measurement error of the system is less than 2.5% while measuring the average concentration in the case of different concentrations and distances, and the system greatly reduces the system complexity while satisfying the performance requirements.
Sperm kinematic characteristics of pasundan bulls during frozen semen processing
Authors: Santoso  , Sitaresmi P I , Mahari D A , Anwar R I , Lupitasaria F B , Herdis  , Arifiantini R I
Published: May 2024

Evaluation of the kinematic characteristics of sperm motility can be used to predict the fertility rate of sperm. The age of the bull frequently affects sperm quality. Pasudan bulls are Indonesian indigenous germplasm that require to be conserved and populated through Artificial Insemination (AI). AI efficacy rate is determined by parameters of sperm quality, such as motility. This research explored the kinematic characteristics of sperm motility in the under seven years and above seven years age categories. The freezing process parameters were measured at several stages, including fresh semen characteristics, post-dilution, postequilibration, and post-thawing. Ten heads of Pasundan bulls aged 3-6 years were divided into groups: group A, under seven years old (four bulls), and Group B, more than seven years old (six bulls). Following the established procedure, the obtained sperm was processed into frozen semen in a silicone vaginal. of the Ciamis Regional Artificial Insemination Centre. The parameters obtained were sperm viability, membrane integrity, abnormalities, motility characteristics, and motility kinematics. The data showed there was a significantly difference (p<0.05) in almost all the kinematic parameters at the post-dilution stage, except in the progressive motility parameter, which was group B (42.67 ± 9.54%) didn’t significant vary (p>0.05) from that of group A (37.77 ± 4.54%). The data also showed that the motility of frozen sperm in group A (<40%) was significantly lower than in group B. The study concluded that the progressive motility and kinematic characteristics of sperm during equilibration were not significantly different in all age groups; in contrast, Group A’s postdilution and post-thawing quality were significantly higher than Group B’s.
Cross and reciprocal effects on growth traits in a diallel mating involving four selected genetic groups of native chickens
Authors: Telupere Franky M.S.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to estimate the specific cross and reciprocal effects on body weight traits in a diallel mating involving four selected genetic groups of native chickens. Experimental stocks were four genetic groups of native chicken, i.e. Paraokan (A), Banaba (B), Camarines (C), and Bolinao (D. Each cross per genetic group consisted of 3 roosters and 9 hens with 25 and 26 months old as parental stocks. A total of 362 F1 hybrids were used in this study. Observation on the growth traits were carried out for 16 weeks. A full diallel cross design were used in this study. Results of cross which were estimated with specific combining ability (SCA) showed varying magnitudes in the estimates of all ages considered. The BC cross consistently showed the highest SCA effect at 4,8,12, and 16 weeks of age. The reciprocal effects of DB and DC showed positive estimates at all ages studied, indicated that they may have higher potential than the original cross in term of improving the body weight traits.
The head and body morphometrics of semi-intensively managed Kacang goats in the Talawi district, Sawahlunto, Indonesia
Authors: Lendrawati  , Apriyani T , Hamdasari G , Alvi S F
Published: May 2024

Morphometric characterization is the foundation for conservation initiatives, performance enhancement, breeding, and a long-term utilization strategy. This study aimed to determine the morphometrics of Kacang goats under a semi-intensive system in Talawi District, Sawahlunto, based on different ages and sexes. This study used 221 total Kacang goats (140 female and 81 male). Morphometric measurements included the head length, head width, head height, chest girth, body length, and shoulder height. A descriptive analysis approach was utilized in this study, with mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation presented. The findings demonstrated that the head and body size of Kacang goats in Talawi increased by age, with female sizes higher than male goats. Adult goats showed chest girth, body length, and shoulder height less than the Indonesian Standard for the Kacang breed. According to the findings of this study, Kacang Goats in Talawi have features below the SNI standard, and female goats have larger morphometric sizes than male goats. Selection programs and the introduction of superior males should be done to improve the productivity of Kacang goats in Talawi.
Body measurements and body weight from the crossing of Swamp Buffalo with Murrah Buffalo in Tanjung Bonai Regency, Lintau Buo Utara Subdistrict, Tanah Datar District
Authors: Aritonang S N , Roza E , Yetmaneli  , Reswati  , Sandra A , Najla N
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the body measurements and body weight of crossbred Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo in Nagari Tanjung Bonai, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. This study used 42 buffaloes from the crossing of Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo aged <12 months, 12-24 months, and >24 months. The methods used in this study were survey and census. The research location was determined based on the location of the crossbred buffaloes. The data collected consisted of primary data and secondary data. The variables observed were chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and body weight. Data were analyzed descriptively, including mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variance. The results showed: Chest circumference of buffaloes at <12 months old males 145 cm and females 140.13 cm; 12-24 months old males 182.75 cm and females 175.33 cm; and>24 months old males 199.56 cm and females 181.14 cm. Buffaloes’ body length at the aged <12 months old males 101.33 cm and females 95.87 cm, 12-24 months old males 127.25 cm and females 115.33 cm, and > 24 months old males 141.78 cm and females 127.71 cm. Buffaloes’ shoulder height at <12 months old males 100.11 cm and females 97.25 cm, 12-24 months old males 121.75 cm and females 119.50 cm, and >24 months old males 141.11 cm and females 126 cm. Body weight of buffaloes at the age of <12 months 270.48 kg and 232.96 kg, age 12-24 months male 410.27 kg and female 379.75 kg, and age >24 months male 472.50 kg and female 403.97 kg. This study concluded that male and female buffaloes from crossing Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo had chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and body weight that increased with age. Male buffaloes have a larger size than female buffaloes.
Implementation of Internet of Things for Egg Incubation Control System
Authors: Nugraha S , Patawaran N , Wayangkau I H , Suwarjono  , Nurcholis
Published: May 2024

An egg incubator is a technology in the livestock industry used for automated and efficient egg hatching. However, in its development, existing egg incubators only utilize incandescent lamps without any notification system to indicate when the chicken eggs have hatched, and there is no temperature or humidity detection in the incubator. As a result, the incubator’s situation during the egg hatching process remains uncontrolled. Therefore, this research, we designed and constructed an egg incubator machine that utilizes a microcontroller as the main control unit, responsible for regulating temperature, humidity, and egg rotation. Through the implementation of the Internet of Things, this egg incubator is connected to the internet as a communication tool using specialized software, allowing farmers to remotely monitor the device. Users receive information about the incubator machine through the Telegram mobile application, such as the current temperature and humidity inside the incubation room, up to the hatching status of the eggs. Based on the test results conducted, it can be concluded that the hardware has been successfully developed using the Microcontroller. In the temperature sensor test, there was an average error of 3.14% in temperature readings and error 5.91% in humidity readings. Overall, the device has functioned well and as intended, which includes temperature and humidity readings, controlling the timing of the lamp, and shifting the egg tray. The performance test of the device successfully hatched eggs on time (for 21 days) with a success rate of 90%.
Grading system to support the Kacang goat breeding program
Authors: Irianto A , Pamungkas W A , Nurcholis N , Salamony S M
Published: May 2024

This study aims to make it easier for breeders to determine which Kacang goats have advantages based on the phenotypic parameters (chest diameter). This study used a survey method using questionnaires and morphometric measurements as the basis for grading. The results showed that male Kacang goats aged 1.5 and 2 years had an average chest diameter of 63.52 ± 5.82 cm and 67.4 ± 2.8 cm, respectively, with coefficients of variance of 10.92% and 24.07%. The mean chest diameter of female Kacang goats aged 1.5 and 2 years were 70.10 ± 6.12 cm and 72.6 ± 1.85 cm, respectively, with coefficients of variance of 11.45% and 39.14%. The best chest diameters based on SNI on males aged 1.5 and 2 years were 8 and 2, respectively. Females aged 1.5 and 2 years were 20 and 5, respectively, from the total recorded data.
Body weight, body condition score, and morphometrics of donggala cattle in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mangun M , Duma Y , Malewa AD , Indriani I , Tanari M , Damry D
Published: May 2024

A study was carried out to investigate the body weight profiles, body condition and body morphometrics of Donggala cattle under smallholder farming conditions. The research was conducted in the northern and southern parts of Sigi district. The cattle samples were selected using accidental sampling within predetermined areas. The observed cattle were categorized based on age and sex. Measured variables included body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), chest height (CH), chest width (CW), shoulder height (SH), hip height (HH) and hip width (HW). Research findings based on calf, young and adult age groups, as well as male and female sexes respectively. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of relationships among variables and to identify the best predictors of Donggala cattle body weight. The correlation coefficients between variables ranged from 0.577 to 0.917, exhibiting a highly significant level of association (P<0.01). The body size variables that served as the best predictors of body weight varied across age categories. For calves, chest circumference (CC) and hip width (HW) were the optimal predictors; for young cattle, it was CC, chest height (CH), and HW; and for adult cattle, body length (BL), CC, CH, chest width (CW), and HW were significant predictors. Among the body size variables, chest circumference and hip width consistently demonstrated strong contributions to body weight across all age groups.
Reproductive performance of local buffaloes in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi
Authors: Haloho R D , Rianto E , Setiadi A , Palayukan J , Luthfi N
Published: May 2024

This survey study was carried out to observe the reproductive performance of local buffaloes in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Sixty buffaloes were chosen as the objects of observation for service per conception (S/C), postpartum oestrus (PPO) and calving interval (CI). The data obtained were analysed descriptively. The results showed that S/C was 1.87, PPO was 3 months or more, and CI was 15 months or more. It can be concluded that reproductive performance of female buffaloes in Mamasa Regency was quite low, and need to be increased by improving the rearing management.
FSHR gene polymorphism and its association to reproductive traits in Friesian Holstein cattle
Authors: Pambuko G. , Vanessa R. , Widyastuti R. , Prastowo S.
Published: May 2024

Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) is a receptor for FSH, a hormone that stimulates reproductive cells in both male and female animals. Polymorphisms in the FSHR gene may impair cattle reproduction performance, reducing reproductive efficiency. This study aims to look into FSHR genetic variation and how it affects reproductive performance in Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle. A total of 26 blood samples were collected from female FH for DNA analysis, followed by data collection on reproductive traits such as postpartum mating (PPM; days), calving interval (CI; months), and services per conception (SC).AluI was used as an enzyme restriction in PCR-RFLP to determine the FSHR genotype. The results show three genotypes: CG (highest frequency), CC, and GG, with Hardy-Weinberg analysis indicating that the population is in equilibrium. All reported reproductive traits showed no significant association with FSHR genotypes. Although not statistically significant, the GG genotype performs better in PPM and CI. Meanwhile, the CC genotype has the lowest SC among the genotypes. It is concluded that the FSHR gene may be used as a genetic marker in the reproduction performance of FH dairy cattle.
Characteristics and quality of eggs from laying hens fed on Miana plant flour (Coleus atropurpureus L.)
Authors: Leke J R , Wantasen E , Sompie F , Kiroh H , Laihad J , Siahaan R
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and quality of eggs from laying hens fed on miana plant flour (Coleus atropurpureus L.). A total of 200 brown laying hens. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD with 5 treatments and 5 replications (each replication consisted of 8 birds, the treatments of miana plant flour (MPF) were 0 %, 0,5 %,1 %,1,5 %, and 2 %. The parameters were egg weight (g/bird), egg yolk weight (g/bird), yolk index (%), albumen index(%), and egg yolk color. The data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. Result showed that Miana Plant Flour up to 2 % was not significant difference (P>0,05) compared to control on egg index, egg white index, Haught unit, shell index, egg yolk index, egg shell thickness, and egg white index but significant difference (P < 0,01) on egg weight, egg mass, egg yolk color, egg yolk protein, egg cholesterol, egg yolk fat, egg white protein. Miana Plant Flour diets can be feed to the laying hens up to 2 % to produce eggs.
The Effect of L. plantarum SN13T addition on pH, titratable acidity and total lactic acid bacteria in skim milk starters.
Authors: Melia S , Aritonang SN , Juliyarsi I , Setiawan RD , Supadil D
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether adding Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T to skim milk starters affected the pH, Titratable Acidity, and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. In this study, the concentrations of L. plantarum SN13T were increased by A (3%), B (4%), C (5%), and D (6%). The statistical analysis results showed that adding L. plantarum SN13T as a bacterial culture in the manufacture of skim milk starter with significant effect (P<0.05) on lowering the pH value, increasing the titratable acidity and count of LAB. In this study, pH value was 4.76-5.37, titratable acidity was 1.27-1.46%, and the total LAB was 9.0-17.3 × 108 CFU/mL. Based on the results of the addition of 6% bacterial culture in the manufacture of skim milk starter gave the best results with a pH value of 4.76, TA value of 1.46%, and total LAB17.3 × 108 CFU/mL.
Effect of Velvet tamarind (Dialium indium) marination on the physicochemical quality of culled chicken meat
Authors: Patriani P , Sitepu S Y , Sari T V , Hasanah U
Published: May 2024

Chicken meat has a tough texture and is less preferred by consumers, so methods are needed to improve its quality, including marination. Velvet acid is a tropical fruit with organic acids, antimicrobials, and antioxidants, so it has potential as a marinade. This study aimed to determine the effect of velvet acid marination on the physicochemical quality of meat. This study used a completely randomised design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of tamarind (T0 = control, T1 = 10%, T2 = 20%, and T3 = 30%). The results showed that the marination of tamarind velvet had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on pH and tenderness. Marinating tamarind velvet also had a significant effect (P<0.05) on cooking weight loss but no significant effect (P>0.05) on moisture content. It was concluded that marination using tamarind velvet can improve the physicochemical properties of meat. Meat samples marinated using 20% tamarind velvet (T2) produced the expected physicochemical properties of meat. Velvet tamarind has potential as a natural seasoning for chicken meat due to its abundant availability, practicality and economy.
The effect of consuming fermented milk containing probiotics during pregnancy
Authors: Fitria N , Lailaturrahmi L , Sukma A
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, the ease of obtaining fermented milk allows everyone to consume it daily, including pregnant women. It is not yet known whether the effect of consuming fermented milk during pregnancy would be the same based on the probiotics it contains. This study aims to see how far the probiotics contained in fermented milk provide beneficial effects during pregnancy. An elaborate reporting trial was conducted in this study using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Three electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane) were assessed in this study. The initial search discovered 24 articles (PubMed 8, Science Direct 6, and Cochrane Database 10) that were included in this study. Most articles report the effect of fermented milk on weight loss (3 articles). The types of probiotics that affect pregnancy are Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12. This activity can also prevent postpartum endocrine disorders due to excess body weight. Some research titles are made extraordinary, showing the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Still, the reporting is not optimal, especially at the initial stage of enrollment and allocation. Notably, further action is needed. Proper allocation concealment and previous research experience can avoid reporting bias.