bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate Perceptions of Climate Education Exposure in Natural Resources Management
Authors: Nelson Natalie G. , Montefiore Lise , Anthony Cord , Merriman Laura , Kuster Emma , Fox Garey A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To meet rising demands for climate-literate workers, undergraduate courses and curricula will require updates so that students are afforded opportunities to engage in climate science education. Previous research on undergraduate climate education has primarily focused on evaluating whether students have grounding in essential climate science principles, but these studies fail to capture the degree to which students feel they are exposed to climate education in their undergraduate programs and courses. In this study, we characterize recent trends in undergraduates’ perceived exposure to climate education across the U.S. by analyzing responses to a national survey of graduate students who attended undergraduate institutions in the U.S. (n = 423). Survey respondents scored the levels of exposure that they received to a variety of climatological topics during their undergraduate studies, which ranged from applied (e.g., earth observations, numerical modeling) to interdisciplinary (e.g., agricultural climatology, hydroclimatology) and specialized (e.g., boundary-layer climatology). Our results reveal that those who received bachelor’s degrees from programs related to human dimensions of natural resources management (e.g., geography, resource economics) generally felt that their undergraduate curricula provided them with exposure to climate education, whereas those who graduated from programs in engineering and the agricultural and life sciences largely reported a lack of climate coverage in their undergraduate studies. Students of all disciplinary backgrounds indicated that they received poor exposure to numerical modeling of historical and future climatic conditions. Findings from this study underline key areas in which curricular or course improvements are needed to ensure that future decision-makers are confident in their practical use of climate science. Keywords: Climate change, Climate science, Natural resources management, Postsecondary education, Undergraduate education, United States.
Validation of the size morphology site access score in endoscopic mucosal resection of large polyps in a district general hospital
Authors: Currie AC , Merriman H , Nadia shah Gilani S , Mackenzie P , McFall MR , Baig MK
Published: June 2019

Background

Polyp assessment is multimodal and is vital prior to endoscopic mucosal resection. The size, morphology, site and access (SMSA) score has been validated in specialist endoscopic institutions. this study investigated the ability of this score to predict incomplete endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps in a district general hospital

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection of large (≥ 20 mm) colorectal polyps at Worthing Hospital. Clinical, endoscopic and histological data were taken from prospective databases. The primary outcome of the study was to investigate the correlation of the SMSA score with incomplete endoscopic resection.

Results

Between February 2015 and August 2018, 114 patients underwent colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection. Of these, 67 (59%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of the study population was 72 years (65–78 years). Some 17 lesions (15%) were pedunculated, 76 (67%) were sessile and 21 were (18%) flat; 84 polyps (77%) were located in the left colon/rectum, with the remainder in the right colon; 51 lesions (45%) were 20–30 mm, 27 (24%) were 30–40 mm and 36 (31%) were greater than 40 mm in diameter. When reclassified into the SMSA score, 9 of the polyps (8%) were level 2, 64 (56%) were level 3 and 41 (36%) were level 4. Incomplete resection was clinically diagnosed in 9/114 (8%). The SMSA score was positively correlated with incomplete endoscopic resection, but not with additional procedure usage, complications or advanced histology.

Conclusions

Many patients with large polyps can be managed outside of specialist units. This study has validated that the SMSA score was associated with incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection for large polyps in a district general hospital setting.
The concept of time in Joachim Trier’s Reprise
Authors: Engelstad Audun
Published: June 2019

In Joachim Trier’s debut film, Reprise (2006), the concept of time is a key feature. Time is embedded as self-reflexive by way of several narrative devices, including the reordering of chronology and projections of imaginable events. Time is also central to depictions of the characters’ experiences and states of mind. This article attempts to untangle the modes of temporality at play in the film and offers some interpretative pathways by which they can be understood.
Worshippers of the sugarcane fields: Agrarian politics, symbolic inversion and black metal in Indonesia
Authors: Skelchy Russell P.
Published: June 2019

The inverted cross as a symbol in black metal music has long associated the genre with the mysterious and transgressive aura of the occult. Although the inverted cross can be construed as simultaneously sinister and frivolous, the idea of social inversion carries broader implications. Drawing from interpretations of social and symbolic inversion from multiple disciplines, this article examines how social order is contested and negotiated in Indonesia through the musical idiom of black metal. Indonesia currently has the world’s largest Muslim population and is one of Asia’s fastest growing economies; its transition to democracy since 1998 has been touted as an example of how Islam, capitalism and democracy can successfully coexist. And yet democratization and the expanded influence of capitalism have had uneven (or deleterious) results in halting the country’s increasing wealth gap. Using the Indonesian black metal act Bvrtan as a case study, I describe how their song lyrics, sampled sounds and visual artwork convey the exigencies of the Indonesian agrarian class in a shifting political landscape. Furthermore, I argue that Bvrtan use black metal as a space of social inversion in a way that simultaneously upholds the virtues and values of agricultural workers while depicting a dystopian world where they are further marginalized in the ongoing project of constructing a modern Indonesia.
‘[…] tentacular invisible mother divine!’: (The) Weird (in) Metal as convergence of sonic extremities and literary margins
Authors: Norman Joseph
Published: June 2019

Weird Fiction is often understood as an unclassifiable fusion of horror, science fiction (SF) and fantasy, and therefore a kind of generically hybridized writing. Here I discuss various parallels between Weird Fiction and music marketed and recognized as ‘extreme metal’, an umbrella term for bands playing in the core styles of black, death and doom metal, and their various offshoots like grindcore and sludge. Analysis of all Weird Metal is beyond the scope of this article, so I focus on artists who achieve Weirdness through the presence and interrelationship of hybridity, numinosity (an overwhelming feeling of majesty) and alterity (radical difference), especially: Wolves in the Throne Room, Howls of Ebb, Portal, A Forest of Stars, Voices and (The Unsearchable Riches of) Void. I also consider how metal relates to the ‘New Weird’, radical developments in traditions of the form, concluding with thoughts on the wider theorization of The Weird.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE “PRÁTICA” NO ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA: PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA
Authors: Damazio Ademir , Madeira Silvana Citadin
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo é decorrente de preocupações quanto à compreensão de argumentos dicotômicos sobre “prática” no contexto do ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática: por um lado, os que revelam a concepção pragmática de Educação Matemática e, por outro, aqueles que a entendem na perspectiva Histórico-Crítica. Nesse sentido, o problema de estudo é: Qual a interpretação de “prática” da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica? Em decorrência, o objetivo é analisar questões relativas à alusão da “prática”, com base nos pressupostos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. Para tanto, a pesquisa caracteriza-se na modalidade bibliográfica e adota como base teórica os autores da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. O estudo traz argumentos de que não é possível uma coexistência dicotômica de prática e teoria. O indicativo de que a apropriação de conhecimento matemático seja prática/teórica está no seu teor conceitual, que permite aos estudantes adotá-lo como elemento de análise em situações que se apresentam tanto visualmente quanto em pensamento ou na atividade mental.
RACIONALIDADE INSTRUMENTAL E FORMAÇÃO HUMANA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA TEORIA DO CAPITAL HUMANO
Authors: Da Silva Gilmar Pereira , Da Silva Élido Santiago
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os currículos dos cursos do ensino médio integrado à educação profissional a partir da racionalidade intrumental manifesta na proposta de formação humana. Tal proposição  cumpriu-se por meio da análise dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de ensino médio integrado à educação profissional e do projeto pedagógico do Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí – Campus Parnaíba. Destaca-se como referencial teórico os conceitos de Racionalidade Instrumental (SERVA, 1997; GUERREIRO RAMOS, 1981); Teoria do Capital Humano (SCHULTZ, 1973); Economia da Educação (CARNOY, 2006). Com a análise, chegou-se à delimitação de três categorias: “o mercado e seus serviços”; “a política pública de desenvolvimento”; e “o empreendedorismo e a formação humana instrumental”. Como achado da pesquisa, destaca-se que a escola é um intenso movimento de assimilação e resistência frente ao projeto capitalista de formação humana e, no Instituto pesquisado, a racionalidade instrumental se manifesta nos documentos oficiais, tencionando a formação humana para um padrão de reprodução dos mecanismos de adaptação do processo educativo que de uma forma tende a uma formação parcializada pelo próprio projeto do capital.
A tanulói jóllét és az önértékelés jellemzőinek feltárása középiskolások és egyetemisták körében
Authors: Nagy Krisztina , Gál Zita , Jámbori Szilvia , Kasik László , Fejes József Balázs
Published: June 2019

A serdülőkorú és a fiatal felnőttek pszichés állapotának, szubjektív jóllétének és önértékelésének vizsgálata gyakran megjelenik a pszichológiai és a neveléstudományi kutatásokban, a jelenségek egymásra gyakorolt hatása többszörösen igazolt. Az önértékelés, a kép, amit az egyén önmagával szemben megfogalmaz elsősorban társas környezetben alakul, a család után fontos állomása az iskolai környezet. A tanulói jóllét az iskolában átélt élmények és tapasztalatok szubjektív, érzelmi és kognitív értékelését jelenti, meglétét leggyakrabban a pozitív élmények dominanciájával, az iskolában átélt örömérzettel és az iskolai teljesítménnyel való elégedettséggel írják le. A iskolához és az iskolai élethez való érzelmi viszonyulás a tanulói önértékeléssel együtt az iskolába lépés kezdetétől folyamatosan változik, ami az iskolai teljesítmény mellett a társas kapcsolatok alakulását is befolyásolja. Az önértékelés szintje serdülőkorban alacsonyabb, mint gyermekkorban, azonban a fiatal felnőttkorban ismét emelkedést mutat (Aszmann, 2003; Hascher, 2004, 2008; Pollard and Lee, 2002). Jelen vizsgálat kutatási kérdései kérdőíves adatgyűjtés formájában a vizsgálatba bevont személyek (összesen 355 fő) tanulói jóllétének és önértékelésének jellemzőire vonatkoznak. A kutatás résztvevői közül a középiskolás, 9. osztályos tanulók (N=167) az iskolai jóllétet vizsgáló kérdőív magyar változatát (Wohlbefinden in der Schule, Hascher, 2004), és a Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála (Sallay és mtsai, 2014) kérdőíveket töltötték ki, az egyetemista hallgatók (N=188) esetében csak az önértékelés kérdéseire adott válaszokat elemeztük. Az eredmények szerint a kérdőívek jó megbízhatósággal működtek. A faktoranalízisek az önértékelés esetében a többszörösen igazolt struktúrát igazolták, az adaptált kérdőív esetében a kérdőívtételek átrendeződésének köszönhetően néhány faktor új elnevezést kapott. A korrelációk igazolták az önértékelés magasabb szintjének pozitív iskolai jólléttel való együttjárását.
Neck pain: a clinical analysis of causes and therapy priorities
Authors: Tabeeva G. R.
Published: June 2019

Neck pain is one of the common causes of maladjustment. Acute neck pain in most cases regresses independently in the period of a few weeks to months; however, it recurs in half of cases. Although the potential specific causes of cervicalgia are rare; nevertheless, in some cases the patient should undergo a detailed examination that is based on the identification of red flags and can optimize a search for the cause of pain syndrome. A consideration of the important principles of classifying pain in acute and chronic, neuropathic and nociceptive pain can serve as an important landmark in choosing the optimal treatment strategy for a patient. Unlike low back pain, neck pain has been investigated in an insufficient number of randomized controlled studies, which makes this analysis extremely relevant. The paper discusses the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for back pain and the efficacy and safety of celecoxib.
Facet joint osteoarthritis as a component of non-specific low back pain
Authors: Davydov O. S.
Published: June 2019

Back pain is a significant sociomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life. According to the latest data, the pain persists in a considerable number of patients for a year or even several years after its onset, which necessitates the search for a cause of the pain syndrome. The facet syndrome induces pain in 15–66% of cases and is most often due to facet joint osteoarthritis. A comprehensive clinical and diagnostic examination helps one to identify facet joint injury; and targeted pathogenetic and multimodal therapy, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, provides complete pain relief in most cases and slows the progression of the disease.
Cerebral small vessel disease: classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and features of treatment
Authors: Kulesh A. A. , Drobakha V. E. , Shestakov V. V.
Published: June 2019

The paper considers the relevance of the problem of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) that is an important cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, associated with the development of cognitive impairment and complications of antithrombotic therapy. It presents briefly the current issues of etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Sporadic non-amyloid microangiopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are discussed in detail from the point of view of their clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and features of therapeutic tactics. An algorithm for diagnosing CSVD in patients admitted to hospital for stroke and a differentiated approach to their treatment are proposed. Consideration of the neuroimaging manifestations of CSVD is noted to be necessary for the safe and more effective treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
Diagnosis of the phenomenon of cognitive-motor dissociation in patients with chronic consciousness disorders
Authors: Belkin V. A. , Pozdnyakov D. G. , Belkin A. A.
Published: June 2019

Locked-in syndrome in basilar artery thrombosis is a classic example of dissociation between preserved consciousness and complete deefferentation as total myoplegia with preserved vertical eye movement. Something similar is observed in post-comatose patients, described under the name “functional locked-in syndrome”, and is also a clinical reflection of the phenomenon of cognitive-motor dissociation (CMD). Diagnosis of this condition in a patient with chronic consciousness disorders indicates that there may be a cognitive imprint, which gives a chance for the maximum realization of the rehabilitation potential of latent consciousness as an exit to the clinical level of small consciousness or creation of a brain-interface. In any case, this patient should be given an extended rehabilitation program.

Objective: to search for the optimal set of clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods, allowing the identification of CMD in patients with chronic consciousness disorder.

Patients and methods. The 2016–2018 prospective single-center study enrolled patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) who had received a treatment cycle at the Clinical Brain Institute (Yekaterinburg). The study included 39 patients (22 men, 17 women) aged 19 to 71 years who had sustained various cerebral injuries (traumatic, hypoxic, and acute vascular disease-associated) in different periods (from 32 to 2431 days) before being included in the study. All the patients underwent 5-fold clinical assessments according to the Coma Recovery ScaleRevised (CRS-R) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) in order to determine the time course of changes in the activity of the cortical motor centers at the time of presentation of verbal paradigms. Registration of the changes was assessed as the presence of a cognitive imprint and served as a criterion for diagnosing CMD as a positive predictor for the outcome of UWS. The outcome of the state was analyzed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 180 days.

Results and discussion. Positive changes (GOS >3) were noted in 10 (66%) patients with established CMD; the patients who had not diagnosed as having the cognitive potential showed a further increase in the level of cognition in 3 (12.5%) cases. Whether the identified sign could be used in the comprehensive prediction of chronic consciousness disorder was discussed.

Conclusion. The use of TMS in diagnosing the phenomenon of CMD optimizes the routing of patients, for whom intensive rehabilitation can contribute to more favorable long-term outcomes.
Atherothrombotic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yavelov I. S. , Okshina E. Yu.
Published: June 2019

The review analyzes data on the detection rate of and the abilities to predict and prevent non-cardioembolic strokes in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. According to accumulated facts, vitamin K antagonists in non-valvular atrial fibrillation are noted to be inferior to antiplatelet drugs in efficiency in preventing non-cardioembolic (atherothrombotic in particular) strokes, and the widespread use of oral anticoagulants in combination with antiplatelet drugs does not generally reduce the incidence of poor outcomes, markedly increasing the risk of serious bleeding. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that this combination antithrombotic therapy may be useful for certain categories of patients at the highest risk for atherothrombotic stroke and at relatively low risk for hemorrhagic complications. Cohorts of patients, to whom such an approach should be reasonable considered to be applied, have not yet been identified.
Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Plant Design using Process Dynamic Simulation: A Case Study from Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Issa Hayder M.
Published: June 2019

Satisfactory effluent characteristics are indispensable to evaluate the performance of any wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design. Dynamic simulation software has a great role in pursuing this objective, in which an efficient and cost-effective design is constantly performed. In this study, a dynamic simulator sewage treatment operation analysis over time (STOAT) has been used under certain influent conditions to optimize design possibilities for modifying an existing primary WWTP College of Engineering Wastewater Treatment Plant (COEWWTP) at Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq. The optimization was established on the basis of total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) characteristics in the effluent. Two alternative design schemes were proposed; trickling biofilter and aeration basin. In the dynamic simulation for the investigated design schemes, the predicted effluent profile showed that each of the existing and trickling biofilter processes has failed to correspond to the valid effluent limitation, whereas predicted results of the aeration basin exhibited an effluent profile that meets TSS and BOD allowable limits. Different simulation models have been implemented by STOAT to simulate treatment processes in studied design approaches: ASAL 1 model; BOD model; BOD semi-dynamic model; and SSED 1 model. This study offers an additional understanding of WWTP design and facilitates the application of dynamic simulators as tools for wastewater treatment development in Kurdistan.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of write-back policy with cache augmented data stores
Authors: Ghandeharizadeh Shahram , Nguyen Hieu
Published: June 2019

The Cache Augmented Data Store (CADS) architecture extends a persistent data store with an in-memory cache manager. It is widely deployed to support read-intensive workloads. However, its write-around and write-through policies prevent the caching tier from absorbing write load. This means the data store layer must scale to process writes even when the extra capacity is not needed for read load. We address this limitation by devising a write-back technique to enable the caching layer to process both reads and writes. This technique preserves ACID transactions. We present a client side implementation of write-back and evaluate it using the YCSB, BG, and TPC-C benchmarks. In addition, we compare our write-back with (a) write-back policy of a data store such as MongoDB and (b) write-back policy of a host-side cache such as Flashcache.
An in-depth comparison of s-t reliability algorithms over uncertain graphs
Authors: Ke Xiangyu , Khan Arijit , Quan Leroy Lim Hong
Published: June 2019

Uncertain, or probabilistic, graphs have been increasingly used to represent noisy linked data in many emerging applications, and have recently attracted the attention of the database research community. A fundamental problem on uncertain graphs is the
s-t
reliability, which measures the probability that a target node
t
is reachable from a source node
s
in a probabilistic (or uncertain) graph, i.e., a graph where every edge is assigned a probability of existence.

Due to the inherent complexity of the
s-t
reliability estimation problem (#P-hard), various sampling and indexing based efficient algorithms were proposed in the literature. However, since they have not been thoroughly compared with each other, it is not clear whether the later algorithm outperforms the earlier ones. More importantly, the comparison framework, datasets, and metrics were often not consistent (e.g., different convergence criteria were employed to find the optimal number of samples) across these works. We address this serious concern by re-implementing six state-of-the-art
s-t
reliability estimation methods in a common system and code base, using several medium and large-scale, real-world graph datasets, identical evaluation metrics, and query workloads.

Through our systematic and in-depth analysis of experimental results, we report surprising findings, such as many follow-up algorithms can actually be several orders of magnitude inefficient, less accurate, and more memory intensive compared to the ones that were proposed earlier. We conclude by discussing our recommendations on the road ahead.
Dynamic scaling for parallel graph computations
Authors: Fan Wenfei , Hu Chunming , Liu Muyang , Lu Ping , Yin Qiang , Zhou Jingren
Published: June 2019

This paper studies scaling out/in to cope with load surges. Given a graph
G
that is vertex-partitioned and distributed across
n
processors, it is to add (resp. remove)
k
processors and re-distribute
G
across
n
+
k
(resp.
n
-
k
) processors such that the load among the processors is balanced, and its replication factor and migration cost are minimized.

We show that this tri-criteria optimization problem is intractable, even when
k
is a constant and when either load balancing or minimum migration is not required. Nonetheless, we propose two parallel solutions to dynamic scaling. One consists of approximation algorithms by extending consistent hashing. Given a load balancing factor above a lower bound, the algorithms guarantee provable bounds on both replication factor and migration cost. The other is a generic scaling scheme. Given any existing vertex-partitioner VP of users' choice, it adaptively scales VP in and out such that it incurs minimum migration cost, and ensures balance and replication factors within a bound relative to that of VP. Using real-life and synthetic graphs, we experimentally verify the efficiency, effectiveness and scalability of the solutions.
TopoX
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Zhang Yiming , Wang Jinyan , Tan Kian-Lee
Published: June 2019

Traditional graph partitioning methods attempt to both minimize communication cost and guarantee load balancing in computation. However, the skewed degree distribution of natural graphs makes it difficult to simultaneously achieve the two objectives. This paper proposes
topology refactorization
(TR), a topology-aware method allowing graph-parallel systems to separately handle the two objectives: refactorization is mainly focused on reducing communication cost, and partitioning is mainly targeted for balancing the load. TR transforms a skewed graph into a more communication-efficient topology through
fusion
and
fission
, where the fusion operation organizes a set of neighboring low-degree vertices into a super-vertex, and the fission operation splits a high-degree vertex into a set of sibling sub-vertices.

Based on TR, we design an efficient graph-parallel system (TopoX) which pipelines refactorization with partitioning to both reduce communication cost and balance computation load. Prototype evaluation shows that TopoX outperforms state-of-the-art PowerLyra by up to 78.5% (from 37.2%) on real-world graphs and is significantly faster than other graph-parallel systems, while only introducing small refactorization overhead and memory consumption.
Balance-aware distributed string similarity-based query processing system
Authors: Sun Ji , Shang Zeyuan , Li Guoliang , Deng Dong , Bao Zhifeng
Published: June 2019

Data analysts spend more than 80% of time on data cleaning and integration in the whole process of data analytics due to data errors and inconsistencies. Similarity-based query processing is an important way to tolerate the errors and inconsistencies. However, similarity-based query processing is rather costly and traditional database cannot afford such expensive requirement. In this paper, we develop a distributed in-memory similarity-based query processing system called Dima. Dima supports four core similarity operations, i.e., similarity selection, similarity join, top-
k
selection and top-
k
join. Dima extends SQL for users to easily invoke these similarity-based operations in their data analysis tasks. To avoid expensive data transmission in a distributed environment, we propose
balance-aware signatures
where two records are similar if they share common signatures, and we can adaptively select the signatures to balance the workload. Dima builds signature-based global indexes and local indexes to support similarity operations. Since Spark is one of the widely adopted distributed in-memory computing systems, we have seamlessly integrated Dima into Spark and developed effective query optimization techniques in Spark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full-fledged distributed in-memory system that can support complex similarity-based query processing on large-scale datasets. We have conducted extensive experiments on four real-world datasets. Experimental results show that Dima outperforms state-of-the-art studies by 1--3 orders of magnitude and has good scalability.
Fine-grained, secure and efficient data provenance on blockchain systems
Authors: Ruan Pingcheng , Chen Gang , Dinh Tien Tuan Anh , Lin Qian , Ooi Beng Chin , Zhang Meihui
Published: June 2019

The success of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies bring enormous interest to blockchains. A blockchain system implements a tamper-evident ledger for recording transactions that modify some global states. The system captures entire evolution history of the states. The management of that history, also known as data provenance or lineage, has been studied extensively in database systems. However, querying data history in existing blockchains can only be done by replaying all transactions. This approach is applicable to large-scale, offline analysis, but is not suitable for online transaction processing.

We present
LineageChain
, a fine-grained, secure and efficient provenance system for blockchains.
LineageChain
exposes provenance information to smart contracts via simple and elegant interfaces, thereby enabling a new class of blockchain applications whose execution logics depend on provenance information at runtime.
LineageChain
captures provenance during contract execution, and efficiently stores it in a Merkle tree.
LineageChain
provides a novel skip list index designed for supporting efficient provenance query processing. We have implemented
LineageChain
on top of Hyperledger and a blockchain-optimized storage system called ForkBase. Our extensive evaluation of
LineageChain
demonstrates its benefits to the new class of blockchain applications, its efficient query, and its small storage overhead.
Differential Changes in the Lateralized Activity of Identified Projection Neurons of Motor Cortex in Hemiparkinsonian Rats
Authors: Rios Alain , Soma Shogo , Yoshida Junichi , Nonomura Satoshi , Kawabata Masanori , Sakai Yutaka , Isomura Yoshikazu
Published: June 2019

In the parkinsonian state, the motor cortex and basal ganglia (BG) undergo dynamic remodeling of movement representation. One such change is the loss of the normal contralateral lateralized activity pattern. The increase in the number of movement-related neurons responding to ipsilateral or bilateral limb movements may cause motor problems, including impaired balance, reduced bimanual coordination, and abnormal mirror movements. However, it remains unknown how individual types of motor cortical neurons organize this reconstruction. To explore the effect of dopamine depletion on lateralized activity in the parkinsonian state, we used a partial hemiparkinsonian model [6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion] in Long–Evans rats performing unilateral movements in a right–left pedal task, while recording from primary (M1) and secondary motor cortex (M2). The lesion decreased contralateral preferred activity in both M1 and M2. In addition, this change differed among identified intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) cortical projection neurons, depending on the cortical area. We detected a decrease in lateralized activity only in PT neurons in M1, whereas in M2, this change was observed in IT neurons, with no change in the PT population. Our results suggest a differential effect of dopamine depletion in the lateralized activity of the motor cortex, and suggest possible compensatory changes in the contralateral hemisphere.
Rodent Activity Detector (RAD), an Open Source Device for Measuring Activity in Rodent Home Cages
Authors: Matikainen-Ankney Bridget A. , Garmendia-Cedillos Marcial , Ali Mohamed , Krynitsky Jonathan , Salem Ghadi , Miyazaki Nanami L. , Pohida Tom , Kravitz Alexxai V.
Published: June 2019

Physical activity is a critical behavioral variable in many research studies and is, therefore, important to quantify. However, existing methods for measuring physical activity have limitations which include high expense, specialized caging or equipment, and high computational overhead. To address these limitations, we present an open-source, cost-effective, device for measuring rodent activity. Our device is battery powered and designed to be placed in vivarium home cages to enable high-throughput, long-term operation with minimal investigator intervention. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using passive infrared (PIR) sensors and microcontroller-based dataloggers in a rodent home cages to collect physical activity records. To this end, we developed an open-source PIR based data-logging device called the rodent activity detector (RAD). We publish the design files and code so others can readily build the RAD in their own labs. To demonstrate its utility, we used the RAD to collect physical activity data from 40 individually housed mice for up to 10 weeks. This dataset demonstrates the ability of the RAD to (1) operate in a high-throughput installation, (2) detect high-fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in physical activity, and (3) quantify circadian rhythms in individual animals. We further validated the data output of the RAD with simultaneous video tracking of mice in multiple caging configurations, to determine the features of physical activity that it detects. The RAD is easy to build, economical, and fits in vivarium caging. The scalability of such devices will enable high-throughput studies of physical activity in research studies.
Are You Making Yourself Clear? You Can’t Communicate, or Think, Effectively If You Can’t Write Clearly
Authors: Tribble Curtis G
Published: June 2019

n the not too distant past, illegible handwriting was considered to be the biggest problem with medical record keeping. Now the primary problem with medical records is that they are disorganized, and usually undigested, data dumps. A solution to at least part of this problem lies in utilizing the principles of the problem-oriented record.
When one contemplates the optimal format for progress notes, it is worth considering the purposes of progress notes. While progress notes do, of course, play a role in billing, the primary purposes of a progress note should be to provide efficient and effective communication with all who are caring for that patient and to facilitate efficient and effective contemplation of the condition of and the plans for that patient. Although it is beyond the scope of this treatise on creating progress notes, it is also worth pointing out that all patient care notes will also occasionally have legal implications and lawyers reading clinical notes will pay far more attention to assessments and plans than they will to data and results recorded in progress notes that are always easily available elsewhere in the patient record. In other words, lawyers reviewing medical records want to know what the clinicians caring for a patient were thinking, in addition to what those clinicians actually did for that patient.
While all of these issues must be kept in mind, we will focus primarily on the role of clinical notes in providing optimal patient care, particularly in the realm of cardiothoracic surgery, though the principles to be enunciated can apply to most disciplines and to most clinical environments.
Firearm Injuries and Children: Position Statement of the American Pediatric Surgical Association
Authors: Petty John K. , Henry Marion C.W. , Nance Michael L. , Ford Henri R. ,   APSA Board of Governors
Published: June 2019

Firearm injuries are the second most common cause of death in children who come to a trauma center, and pediatric surgeons provide crucial care for these patients. The American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) is committed to comprehensive pediatric trauma readiness, including firearm injury prevention. The APSA supports a public health approach to firearm injury, and it supports availability of quality mental health services. The APSA endorses policies for universal background checks, restrictions on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines, strong child access protection laws, and a minimum purchase age of 21 years. The APSA opposes efforts to keep physicians from counseling children and families about firearms. The APSA promotes research to address this problem, including increased federal research support and research into the second victim phenomenon. The ASPA supports school safety and readiness, including bleeding control training. Although it may be daunting to try to reduce firearm deaths in children, the United States has seen success in reducing motor vehicle deaths through a multidimensional approach: prevention, design, policy, behavior, and trauma care. The ASPA believes that a similar public health approach can succeed in saving children from death and injury from firearms. The ASPA is committed to building partnerships to accomplish this.
The characteristics and changes of psychological immune competence of breast cancer patients receiving hypnosis, music or special attention
Authors: Vargay Adrienn , Józsa Emese , Pájer Alexandra , Bányai Éva
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Coping mechanism and adaptation skills play an important role in successfully adjusting to breast cancer. The concept of psychological immunity integrates different coping skills that are capacities leading to successful adaptation. Hypnosis as a psychological intervention is effective in increasing coping potentials; nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence on the effectiveness of hypnosis in terms of increasing psychological immunity. Purpose: Our aim was to examine the characteristics and changes of psychological immune competence of breast cancer patients receiving different psychological interventions. Methods: Altogether 61 patients were assigned to receive hypnosis, music, and special attention as adjunctive treatments to standard chemotherapy. Psychological immunity was measured four times with Psychological Immune Competence Inventory (PICI). Results: Differences were detected during treatment on Social Monitoring Capacity (F(2,58) = 5.973, p = .006, ω2 = .12); Problem-Solving Capacity (F(2,58) = 4.208, p=.023, ω2 = .10); Impulse Control (F(2,58) = 6.051, p = .005, ω2 = .11); Emotional Control (F(2,58) = 3.612, p = .037, ω2 = .07) and after the chemotherapy on Sense of Control (F(2,58) = 6.548, p = .004, ω2 = .11); Sense of Coherence (F(2,58) = 4.898, p = .013; ω2 = .10); Problem-Solving Capacity (F(2,58) = 3.949, p = .028, ω2 = .08). Hypnosis-group patients showed higher immune capacity compared to patients in the other two groups. Changes over time were measured and revealed increased psychological immunity based on cumulative PICI (F(3,174) = 6.403, p < .001, η2p = .10) and on certain PICI scales in all three groups. Only the scale of Synchronicity showed interactional effects (F(2,58) = 2.508, p = .024, η2p = .08). Conclusions: Psychological immune capacity of breast cancer patients seems to increase throughout chemotherapy and follow-up period, independently from the received interventions. Nonetheless hypnosis may have a further facilitating role in the maintenance and development of psychological immunity during cancer treatments.
Validity of the Hungarian version of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS-HU)
Authors: Szabó Attila
Published: June 2019

Validated in several languages, the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) is a popular and reliable instrument used in the assessment of perceived happiness. The aims of two current studies were to determine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version in volunteer adults (N = 252) and non-volunteer university students (N = 142). Exploratory factor analysis of the data gathered from volunteers confirmed the unidimensional structure of the Hungarian SHS (SHS-HU). One component explained 53.69% of the variance. The internal reliability in this sample was .80. Confirmatory factor analyses on the non-volunteer university students’ data yielded excellent model fit (SRMR = .0208; NFI = . 990; GFI = .995; RMSEA < .001; CFI = 1.00) and acceptable internal reliability (.75). The one-week test-retest reliability of the SHS-HU was 0.83. In both studies, the SHS-HU revealed positive correlations with life satisfaction and optimism, while it was inversely related to pessimism (p < .001). The more optimistic individuals scored higher on SHS-HU in both studies (p < .001) which confirmed the scale's divergent validity. Further, when controlling for life satisfaction, optimism and pessimism, there were no gender differences in the SHS-HU scores. These results lend support for the adequate psychometric properties of SHS-HU. Therefore, preliminary evidence suggests that the SHS-HU is appropriate for the assessment of perceived happiness in the Hungarian population.
Apresentação
Authors: Dias Tainah Biela
Published: June 2019

Escrever um texto acadêmico é parte do processo de inserir novas ideias no rol de disputas discursivas sobre temas que circundam a academia. Neste sentido, o próprio fazer acadêmico – e essa afirmação se intensifica quando nos referimos àquilo que é produzido na grande área de ciências humanas – tem – ou deveria ter – por princípio, a recusa de verdades absolutas.
Política, gênero e religião no paquistão: identidades em debate
Authors: Shaheed Farida
Published: June 2019

No Paquistão, as forças não religiosas assim como as forças político-religiosas instrumentalizam cada vez mais o Islã em seu próprio benefício. Isto explica a crescente influência da religião e seu entrelaçamento com a nação em si mesma. A mudança de paradigma devida à lei marcial, sob Zia, deu ocasião ao surgimento de milícias religiosas e grupos desse tipo na sociedade civil. Mostrando que esta não é sempre uma entidade progressista, o artigo examina o impacto, variável segundo o seu estatuto social, da fusão entre religião e política para as mulheres, transformadas em marcadores identitários das posições conquistadas na corrida pelo poder. Ele conclui que, uma vez que implica em mudança nas relações de poder, a igualdade entre os sexos não poderia não poderia advir sem uma luta tenaz para criar saber, cultura e identidade.
O corpo das mulheres, lugar de entendimento entre o Islã e o cristianismo na Nigéria
Authors: Pereira Charmaine , Ibrahim Jibrin
Published: June 2019

Este artigo explora os fundamentos ideológicos comuns do islã e do cristianismo na Nigéria em matéria de gênero e sexualidade. O corpo das mulheres constitui um elemento-chave na definição das normas sociais e das práticas de tal ou qual confissão. Examinaremos aqui a interação entre religião e política através de um contexto histórico e de exemplos concretos. Para a direita religiosa, muçulmana ou cristã, o corpo das mulheres é fator de devassidão e deve ser controlado – ponto de vista compartilhado por certas instituições laicas. A correlação entre corpo das mulheres e ‘moral pública’ gera diversas formas de desigualdade entre os sexos, cujas consequências econômicas complicam a luta contra a instrumentalização política da religião e contra a sexualização do político.
Políticas sexuadas na Turquia: um novelo emaranhado
Authors: Kandiyoti Deniz
Published: June 2019

A Turquia é frequentemente apontada como o único país predominantemente muçulmano com constituição laica e com um Código Civil que não obedece à xaria, sendo que o movimento de mulheres obteve vitórias importantes em matéria de reformas jurídicas no início dos anos de 2000. Observa-se, entretanto, um crescente abismo entre direitos formais e direitos reais após a esmagadora vitória do AKP, em 2007. Por conta das divisões que atravessam as fileiras feministas – particularmente acerca da questão do véu – o artigo se pergunta sobre a validade de tais conquistas.
Companhias incômodas para Javé? Deusas no mundo do antigo Israel e arredores
Authors: Uehlinger Christoph
Published: June 2019

O artigo oferece uma visão panorâmica das deusas atestadas no Sul do Levante, que está dentro do horizonte cultural da(s) antiga(s) religião(ões) israelita(s) e judaíta(s). Sua principal premissa é que antigos deuses e deusas refletem funções socialmente significativas, e que eles e elas foram concebidos e concebidas tanto em modelos sociomórficos quanto antropomórficos. Enquanto os modelos anteriores amplamente baseados nos registros bíblicos enfatizavam a excepcionalidade do deus de Israel, pesquisas mais recentes realocaram Javé dentro do contexto mais amplo das antigas sociedades e das tendências religiosas do Levante meridional. A evidência epigráfica e visual atualmente disponível aponta para a veneração de uma deusa Aserá ao lado de Javé, a principal divindade masculina no antigo (pré-exílico) Israel e Judá. Durante a segunda metade do primeiro milênio aEC, vários grupos de elite levaram Javé à uma postura cada vez mais hostil contra (sua) Aserá e outras deusas, um processo que deveria ser explicado pelos historia­dores em termos estritamente sócio-históricos. Isso resultou em várias visões exclusivistas, parciais e, muitas vezes, unilaterais da divindade, não apenas no que diz respeito a questões de gênero. Visões que depois judaísmo, cristianismo e islã foram frequentemente pressionados a compensar e que influenciaram profundamente a maneira como “Deus” é concebido e figurado no imaginário ocidental até hoje.
“As mulheres” nos documentos do Papa João Paulo II: um modelo assimétrico ainda não superado
Authors: Duarte Doneda Perla Cabral
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a análise bibliográfica dos documentos pontifícios do Papa João Paulo II que tratam do modelo de mulher, na visão da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana. Na perspectiva de gênero, é possível observar a representação social das mulheres desenvolvida pela hierárquica católica, cujo corpo eclesiástico é totalmente masculino, logo, o patriarcado se faz presente na manutenção do poder e na elaboração normativa. Para tanto, os documentos pontifícios analisados foram:  a Exortação Apostólica Familiares Consortio, de 1981; a Carta Encíclica Redemptoris Mater, de 1987; a Carta Apostólica Mulieris Dignitatem, datada de 1988; a Carta Apostólica Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, de 1994; a Carta Às Famílias, do ano de 1994; a Carta Às Mulheres, de 1995 e, por último, a Carta aos bispos da Igreja Católica sobre a Colaboração do homem e da mulher na Igreja e no mundo, do ano de 2004. Conforme estes documentos, há um único modelo de mulher a ser seguido por todas as mulheres, uma vez que, Maria é a representação única do feminino, segundo João Paulo II. Sendo assim, vocação e dignidade mariana deve ser imitada por todas as mulheres. De acordo com o processo de análise destes documentos, palavras-chave foram se aglutinando, o que originou um ranking delas, sugerindo normas e condutas cristãs às mulheres, revelando os processos de linguagem e de materiais simbólicos, utilizados nas práticas religiosas. Ademais, na visão da Igreja Católica, as mulheres devem seguir esse modelo para assim manter a feminilidade, a ordem familiar e, principalmente, a ordem religiosa e social.
Buckling and postbuckling of CNT-reinforced composite sandwich cylindrical panels subjected to axial compression in thermal environments
Authors: Tung Hoang Van , Long Vu Thanh
Published: June 2019

An analytical investigation on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) sandwich cylindrical panels exposed to thermal environments and subjected to uniform axial compression is presented in this paper. Beside sandwich model with CNTRC face sheets in the literature, the present work suggests a sandwich model with CNTRC core layer and homogeneous face sheets. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reinforced into matrix phase through uniform or functionally graded distributions. Effective properties of nanocomposite layers are determined according to extended rule of mixture. Formulations are based on the first order shear deformation theory taking into account Von Karman-Donnell nonlinearity. Approximate solutions are assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin method is used to derive the closed-form expression of nonlinear load-deflection relation from which buckling loads and postbuckling paths are determined. Numerical examples are carried out and interesting remarks are given.