bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marsden as organization theorist
Authors: Salesina Marc
Published: July 2024

I argue that David Marsden, lauded in Employment Relations (ER) and Human Resource Management, deserves recognition as an organization theorist. Viewing his works as a unified theory, I demonstrate how his focus on the interaction between individual actions, institutions and organizational structures aligns with the fields core concerns. Further, I apply an organizational dialectics approach to his analysis of organizational tensions like managerial authority and diffusion of employment systems. This reinterpretation offers new insights into organizational structure and design and the importance of ER‐specific factors and processes in shaping them. It highlights the enduring value of Marsden's framework for understanding organizations.
Canadian settler colonialism: Structure, event, relationship, or process?
Authors: Bernauer Warren
Published: July 2024

Geography scholarship examining Canadian colonialism often draws upon concepts and categories from the field of Settler Colonial Studies, including Patrick Wolfe's definition of settler colonialism as a “structure rather than an event.” In this brief intervention, I argue that historical Marxist debates about structuralism and social class have important lessons for the way geographers characterize Canadian colonialism today. The definition of class as both relationship and process is especially relevant, because Indigenous intellectuals and activists tend to speak about (de)colonization in similar terms. By reframing Canadian colonialism as relationship and process rather than structure, we can better engage Indigenous criticisms of Settler Colonial Studies, understandings of (de)colonization, and epistemologies and ontologies.
Efficacy of surgical treatments for the management of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaj Fabio , Lai Quirino , Gelormini Enza , Ceci Marino , Di Saverio Salomone , Quaresima Silvia
Published: July 2024

Aim

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign and poorly understood disorder with complex management. Typical symptoms include straining during defaecation, rectal bleeding, tenesmus, mucoid secretion, anal pain and a sense of incomplete evacuation. Diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical symptoms and endoscopic/histological findings. Several treatments have been reported in the literature with variable ulcer healing rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments for SRUS.

Materials and methods

A systematic review and network meta‐analysis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies in English, French and Spanish languages were included. Papers written in other languages were excluded. Other exclusion criteria were reviews, case reports or clinical series enrolling less than five patients, study duplications, no clinical data of interest and no article available. A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2000 to March 2024 using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. The biases of the studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale or the Jadad scale when appropriate. Types of treatment and their efficacy for the cure of SRUS were collected and critically assessed. The study's primary outcome was to estimate the rate of patients with ulcer healing.

Results

A total of 22 studies with 911 patients (men 361, women 550) diagnosed with SRUS were analysed in the final meta‐analysis. The pooled effect estimates of treatment efficacy revealed that surgery showed the highest ulcer healing rate (70.5%; 95% CI 0.57–0.83). Surgery was superior in the cure of ulcers with respect to medical therapies and biofeedback (OR 0.09 and OR 0.14).

Conclusion

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a challenging clinical entity to manage. Proficient results have been reported with the surgical approach, suggesting its positive role in cases refractory to medical and biofeedback therapy. Further studies in homogeneous populations are required to evaluate the efficacy of surgery in this setting. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022331422).
Colonialism, Genocide and Reparations: The German‐Namibian Case
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: July 2024

In 2015 the German government acknowledged that the Empire committed genocide in its colony South West Africa, known since its independence as Namibia. This acknowledgement marked a new reference point in how to engage with colonial crimes. Since then, Germany has fallen short of bearing full and unconditional responsibility for and recognition of the crime in terms of restorative justice. While Germany deserves credit for its commemoration and remorse over the Holocaust during World War II, victims of other forms of extermination with the intent to destroy still crave adequate recognition, commemoration and compensation in the form of reparations. This article presents the Namibian case to illustrate the contradictions and limitations that emerge when general notions are tested and undermined by asymmetric power relations of Realpolitik.
Improving processing speed in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis with the Specific COgnitive REmediation plus Surround (SCORES) intervention: Study protocol
Authors: Carrión Ricardo E. , Auther Andrea M. , McLaughlin Danielle , John Majnu , Cornblatt Barbara A.
Published: July 2024

Aim

Recent preventative approaches with young people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) have focused on the remediation of the cognitive deficits that are readily apparent and predictive of future illness. However, the small number of trials using cognitive remediation with CHR‐P individuals have reported mixed results. The proposed 2‐phased study will test an innovative internet‐based and remotely‐delivered Specific COgnitive REmediation plus Surround (or SCORES) intervention that targets early processing speed deficits in CHR‐P adolescents aged 14–20 years old.

Methods

In the first R61 phase, a single‐arm 2‐year proof of concept study, 30 CHR‐P individuals will receive SCORES for 10 weeks (4 h per week/40 h total) with a midpoint assessment at 20 h (5 weeks) to demonstrate target engagement and identify the optimal dose needed to engage the target. The Go/No‐Go criteria to move to the R33 phase will be processing speed scores improving by a medium effect size (Cohen's d ≥ .6). The proposed package includes a set of complimentary support surround procedures to increase enjoyment and ensure that participants will complete the home‐based training. In the second R33 phase, a 3‐year pilot study, we will replicate target engagement in a new and larger sample of 54 CHR‐P individuals randomized to SCORES (optimized dose) or to a video game playing control condition. In addition, the R33 phase will determine if changes in processing speed are associated with improved social functioning and decreasing attenuated positive symptoms. The support surround components of the intervention will remain constant across phases and conditions in the R33 phase to firmly establish the centrality of processing speed training for successful remediation.

Conclusions

The SCORES study is a completely virtual intervention that targets a core cognitive mechanism, processing speed, which is a rate‐limiting factor to higher order behaviours and clinical outcomes in CHR‐P adolescents. The virtual nature of this study should increase feasibility as well improve the future scalability of the intervention with considerable potential for future dissemination as a complete treatment package.
A unified creep and fatigue life prediction approach for 316 austenitic stainless steel using machine and deep learning
Authors: Bhardwaj Harsh Kumar , Shukla Mukul
Published: July 2024

316 Austenitic stainless steel (AusSS) is extensively utilized in high‐temperature industrial applications such as boiler tubes and nuclear reactor pressure vessels. These components commonly experience failure under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions, attributed to either creep or fatigue. Existing classical models for creep and fatigue life prediction focus on a singular failure mode (either creep or fatigue) and consider physical features only. This study aims to develop a unified life prediction model for both creep and fatigue phenomena. It synthesizes information from 12 additional unexplored chemical and microstructural features from the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), Japan database, and previously published literature. Machine learning (such as decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost) and deep learning (like deep neural network) algorithms are employed in the modeling process. The trained models have been cross‐validated against unseen creep and fatigue life data, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy of 96.1% for deep neural network compared with classical models.
Intralesional hyaluronidase injection to relieve non‐hyaluronic acid filler‐induced vascular adverse events
Authors: Kadouch Jonathan , Schelke Leonie , Groh Olivier , Sokol Vicky , Velthuis Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

Vascular adverse events (VAEs) occurring during injections of soft‐tissue fillers are still considered a challenging issue for both patients and practitioners. Hyaluronidase can dissolve hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based soft‐tissue fillers during a VAE. For VAEs induced by non‐HA fillers, the absence of an “antidote” is regarded as exceptionally challenging.

Methods

This multicenter study describes a case series of three VAEs induced by non‐HA fillers, for which ultrasound‐guided hyaluronidase injections were incorporated into the treatment approach.

Results

Two cases of calcium hydroxylapatite and one case of poly‐L‐lactic acid‐induced VAEs are described, all of which were resolved without necrosis or scarring using a treatment approach with ultrasound‐guided hyaluronidase injections.

Conclusions

Unlike the mechanical hypothesis, which assumes filler particles travel antegrade to block arterioles in a large skin area, we hypothesize vasoconstriction as the pivot in VAEs. Filler injection‐induced spasms could lead to long‐lasting vasoconstriction of the perforator arteries stemming from the central facial arteries. Our results underscore that perforasome vasoconstriction might be the leading cause of the ischemia and subsequent necrosis in VAEs and that relaxation of these perforasomes, rather than dissolving the filler material, resolves the clinical symptoms associated with VAEs.
Economic Burden of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Privately Insured Children Under 5 Years of Age in the USA
Authors: Tran Phuong T. , Nduaguba Sabina O. , Wang Yanning , Diaby Vakaramoko , Finelli Lynn , Choi Yoonyoung , Winterstein Almut G.
Published: July 2024

Background

The cost of medically attended RSV LRI (lower respiratory infection) is critical in determining the economic value of new RSV immunoprophylaxes. However, most studies have focused on intermittent RSV encounters, not the episode of care that captures the entirety of RSV illness.

Methods

We created age‐ and condition‐specific cohorts of children under 5 years of age using MarketScan® data (2015–2019). We contrasted aggregating healthcare costs over RSV‐LRTI episodes to ascertaining costs based on RSV‐specific encounters only. Economic burden was estimated by multiplying costs per encounter or per episode by their respective incidence rates.

Results

Average cost was higher per episode than per encounter regardless of settings (inpatient: $28,586 vs. $18,056 and outpatient/ED: $2099 vs. $407 for infants). Across ages, the economic burden was highest for infants and RSV‐LRTI requiring inpatient care, but the burden in outpatient/ED settings was disproportionately higher than costs due to higher incidence rates (for inpatient vs. outpatient episodes: $226,403 vs. $101,269; for inpatient vs. outpatient encounters: $151,878 vs. $38,819 per 1000 infant‐years). For high‐risk children, cost and burden were up to 3–10 times higher, respectively.

Conclusions

With a comprehensive stratification by settings and risk condition, the encounter‐ versus episode‐based estimates provide a robust range for policymakers' economic appraisal of new RSV immunoprophylaxes.
Pre‐implementation context and implementation approach for a nursing and midwifery clinician researcher career pathway: A qualitative study
Authors: Johnson Maree , Straiton Nicola , Ferguson Caleb , Mcinnes Elizabeth , Thornton Anna , Everett Browyn , Tuqiri Karen , Meedya Shahla , Hackett Kate , Cruickshank Marilyn , Fry Margaret , Perry Lin , Sheppard‐Law Suzanne , Hosie Annmarie , Inglis Sally , Mcerlean Gemma , Debono Deborah , Fernandez Ritin , Wynne Rochelle , Chow Josephine , Hickman Louise , Del Olmo Gail , Middleton Sandy ,   SPHERE Nursing and Midwifery Implementation Science Academy
Published: July 2024

Aim

To describe the pre‐implementation context and implementation approach, for a clinician researcher career pathway.

Background

Clinician researchers across all health disciplines are emerging to radically influence practice change and improve patient outcomes. Yet, to date, there are limited clinician researcher career pathways embedded in clinical practice for nurses and midwives.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Data Sources

Data were collected from four online focus groups and four interviews of health consumers, nursing and midwifery clinicians, and nursing unit managers (N = 20) between July 2022 and September 2023.

Results

Thematic and content analysis identified themes/categories relating to: Research in health professionals' roles and nursing and midwifery, and Research activity and culture (context); with implementation approaches within coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring (Normalization Process Theory).

Conclusions

The Pathway was perceived to meet organizational objectives with the potential to create significant cultural change in nursing and midwifery. Backfilling of protected research time was essential.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The Pathway was seen as an instrument to empower staff, foster staff retention and extend research opportunities to every nurse and midwife, while improving patient experiences and outcomes.

Impact

Clinicians, consumers and managers fully supported the implementation of clinician researchers with this Pathway. The Pathway could engage all clinicians in evidence‐based practice with a clinician researcher leader, effect practice change with colleagues and enhance patient outcomes.

Reporting Method

This study adheres to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the COREG checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Health consumers involved in this research as participants, did not contribute to the design or conduct of the study, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the preparation of the manuscript.
Association between biological ageing and periodontitis: Evidence from a cross‐sectional survey and multi‐omics Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Huang Zhendong , Peng Simin , Cen Ting , Wang Xiaoxuan , Ma Li , Cao Zhengguo
Published: July 2024

Aim

To investigate the relationship and potential causality between biological ageing and periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

We obtained the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics as well as single‐cell sequencing data. Multivariate regression analysis based on cross‐sectional data, Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi‐omics integration analysis were employed to explore the causal association and potential molecular mechanisms between biological ageing and periodontitis. Additionally, two‐step MR mediation analysis explored the risk factors in biological ageing‐mediated periodontitis.

Results

We analysed data from 3189 participants in the NHANES data and found that higher biological age was associated with increased risk of periodontitis. MR analyses revealed causal associations between biological age measures and periodontitis risk. Frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.18, p = .039) and GrimAge acceleration (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32, p = .033) were causally associated with periodontitis risk, and these results were validated in a large‐scale meta‐periodontitis GWAS dataset. Additionally, the risk effects of body mass index, waist circumference and lifetime smoking on periodontitis were partially mediated by frailty and GrimAge acceleration.

Conclusions

Evidence from cross‐sectional survey and MR analysis suggests that biological ageing increases the risk of periodontitis. Additionally, improving the associated risk factors can help prevent both ageing and periodontitis.
Developing evidence‐based medication therapy management tools for psychiatric nurses: An evaluative qualitative case study
Authors: Bulut Melisa , Yüksel Çiğdem
Published: July 2024

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

Clinical use of psychotropic medications involves diverse risks, addressable by nursing interventions. The research had a dual purpose: developing an “Evidence‐Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline” and a “Medication Administration‐Tracking Chart” and evaluating their use through an evaluative case study.

Methods

Evidence‐based guideline and chart development and evaluative case study. Initially, Evidence‐Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline and Medication Administration Tracking Chart for managing medication in a psychiatric unit were developed. Subsequently, their efficacy was evaluated in a case study involving 10 participating nurses used in the psychiatric unit with 123‐bed of a training and research hospital in Turkey. Data was collected through personal forms, interviews, medication charts, and researcher observations, and the analysis employed Merriam's case study method.

Results

Three themes (inception, implementation, termination, and sustainers) and 12 sub‐themes emerged. Nurses stated that the research tools filled their information gaps, enhancing the medication therapy management process's effectiveness and safety, improving nursing care quality and continuity, and benefiting patient outcomes. Nurses expressed a desire to consistently use the tools in the unit and provided suggestions.

Conclusion

Nurses highlighted the tools' potential to enhance medication safety, psychiatric care, and patient outcomes. However, their stance on using evidence‐based tools revealed an approach/avoidance conflict, balancing benefits and barriers. Experience emerged as a hindrance in embracing evidence‐based clinical tools. This study is among the first to comprehensively develop evidence‐based medication management guideline and administration‐tracking chart for psychiatric nurses globally and in our country. Routine use of the tools is expected to enhance nurses' expertise in psychotropic medication management, leading to improved patient outcomes in medication‐related aspects.
Topical retinoids: Novel derivatives, nano lipid‐based carriers, and combinations to improve chemical instability and skin irritation
Authors: Zhong Jiangming , Zhao Nan , Song Qingle , Du Zhiyun , Shu Peng
Published: July 2024

Background

Retinoids, defined as synthetic or natural derivatives of vitamin A, have been extensively studied as anti‐aging molecules that are widely applied in cosmetics. However, due to their physicochemical property, retinoids are highly unstable and extremely sensitive to light, oxygen, and temperature. Moreover, topical application of retinoids often leads to cutaneous irritation. These instabilities and irritant properties of retinoids limit their application in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Aim

Our study aimed to provide a systematic review to summarize the mechanisms underlying the instability and irritant properties of retinoids, as well as recent developments in addressing these challenges.

Methods

A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: retinoids, chemical instability, skin irritation, retinoid derivatives, nano lipid‐based carriers, liposomes, penetration‐enhancer vesicles, ethosomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, vitamins, soothing and hydrating agents, antioxidants and metal chelator and retinol combinations. Relevant researches published between 1968 and 2023 and studies related to these reports were reviewed.

Results

The development of new retinoid derivatives, the utilization of new delivery systems like nano lipid‐based carriers and the combination with other compounds like vitamins, soothing agents, antioxidants and metal chelator have been explored to improve the stability, bioavailability, and toxicity of the retinoid family.

Conclusions

Through advancements in formulation techniques, structure modification of retinoid derivatives and development of novel nano lipid‐based carriers, the chemical instability and skin irritation of retinoids has been mitigated, ensuring their efficacy and potency over extended periods.
Nasal filling guided by high frequency ultrasound: Reducing risks
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , Carvalho Raquel De Melo , Elias Mariana Calomeni , Nobre Camila Silveira , Alves Gabriel Leal Telino , Bravo Leonardo Gonçalves , de Almeida Thamires Silva Cavalcante
Published: July 2024

Background

Given the significant increase in the quantity of cosmetic procedures utilizing hyaluronic acid fillers, including in the nasal region, the initial evaluation of patients using high frequency ultrasound becomes a crucial instrument in evaluating and handling nonsurgical rhinoplasty.

Aims

The aim of this article is to introduce an assessment methodology for nasal filling guided by high frequency ultrasound.

Patients/Methods

A prospective and single‐center study was conducted with 12 Latin American patients. The patients underwent nasal filling with hyaluronic acid following high power ultrasound mapping.

Results and Conclusions

In the evaluation of the GAIS scale, all patients reported improvement with the treatment. No infections, nodules, ischemia, or other relevant adverse effects were noted. Real‐time ultrasound‐guided filler techniques have been developed to reduce the risk of vascular compromise, confirming the distribution pattern of blood vessels. It's also crucial to visualize the cannula at the same moment as the vessels, even if the previous vascular mapping was performed. Therefore, the utilization of high frequency ultrasound can act as a pivotal tool in augmenting procedure safety.
Reflections on Psychological Critical Race Theory (PCRT) as a framework for disrupting racism in pursuit of social justice
Authors: Jones James M.
Published: July 2024

Psychological Critical Race Theory (PCRT) was introduced in 1998. PCRT illustrates the integral connection of psychological research and theory to the legal framework of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Five tenets of PCRT were described: (1) Spontaneous and persistent influence of race; (2) Fairness is derived from divergent racial experiences; (3) Asymmetrical consequences of racial policies; (4) Paradoxes of racial diversity; and (5) Racial identity requires a multidimensional approach. These tenets are reviewed and updated. A new set of seven PCRT principles are proposed that provide a broad framework within which to examine the PCRT concept and its role in reframing critical approaches to racial justice. Principle 1: Race and culture make each other up; Principle 2: Meaning Matters; Principle 3: Multilevel analysis is critical to unraveling Systemic Racism; Principle 4: Activism is a lever for social change; Principle 5: Power drives racial inequality; Principle 6: Storytelling disrupts status quo narratives; Principle 7: Diversity does not ameliorate systemic racism. PCRT is a 100‐year enterprise of psychological science, offering a complex and comprehensive framework for understanding and ameliorating persistent racial inequality. The comprehensive network of ideas, methods, goals, and strategies can engage and guide this work for years to come.
Provision of bubble continuous positive airway pressure for the stabilisation of extremely and very preterm infants after birth: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Legge Nele , Fitzgerald Dominic , Popat Himanshu
Published: July 2024

Aim

To describe the effect of resuscitation with bubble CPAP (bCPAP) versus T‐piece device at birth on early clinical parameters and hospital outcomes in infants born <32 weeks gestation.

Methods

This is a single‐centre pre‐ and post‐implementation study comparing outcomes in two epochs. In epoch 1 (1 July 2013–31 December 2014), infants were managed with non‐humidified gas using Neopuff® T‐piece devices to support breathing after birth. In epoch 2 (1 March 2020–31 December 2021), routine application of bCPAP with humidified gas was introduced at birth.

Results

Three hundred fifty‐seven patients were included (176 epoch 1, 181 epoch 2). The mean gestational age was 28 ± 2 weeks. The demographics of the two epochs were comparable. There were significant improvements in outcomes of infants in epoch 2 with less infants intubated at delivery (16% vs. 4%, P ≤ 0.001), improved 5 min Apgar (7 vs. 8, P ≤ 0.001), reduced need for ventilation (21% vs. 8.8%, P ≤ 0.001), duration of ventilation in the first 72 h (9.6 vs. 4.6 h) and mortality (10.8% vs. 1.7%, P ≤ 0.001). There was, increased incidence of chronic lung disease (30% vs. 55%, P = 0.02) but no increase in infants discharged on oxygen (3.8% vs. 5%, P = 0.25). Similar findings were observed in a subgroup of infants born <25 weeks' gestation with no increase in the incidence of CLD.

Conclusion

Introducing application of bCPAP from the first breaths in infants <32 weeks' gestation was associated with better short‐term outcomes and mortality, albeit with increased incidence of CLD. The subgroup of infants born <25 weeks' gestation showed similar change in outcomes, with no increase in CLD.
Assessing the combination efficiency of some unconventional feed resources with concentrates and Chloris gayana grass in mitigating ruminal methane production in vitro
Authors: Melesse Aberra , Steingass Herbert , Holstein Julia , Titze Natascha , Rodehutscord Markus
Published: July 2024

In a preliminary in vitro study, leaves of Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala and seed kernel of Mangifera indica were identified as potential candidates in mitigating ruminal methane (CH4) production. The objective of the current study was to investigate the combination efficiency of these unconventional feeds with concentrate mix (CM) or Chloris gayana grass in CH4 reduction. Two feed combinations in different proportions were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid at Hohenheim Gas test. In combination 1, C. gayana and CM were included as basal substrates, while in combination 2, A. nilotica, P. juliflora, C. cajan, L. leucocephala or M. indica seed kernel were included as CH4 reducing supplements at different proportions. The CH4 reducing potentials of feed combinations were presented as the ratio of CH4 to net gas production and expressed as percentage (pCH4). The pCH4 for CM and C. gayana was 16.7% and 16.9%, respectively, while it ranged from 3.18% in A. nilotica to 13.1% in C. cajan. The pCH4 was reduced (p < 0.05) from 14.6% to 9.39% when A. nilotica was combined with CM. In combination of L. leucocephala or C. cajan with CM, the pCH4 (p < 0.05) was reduced from 16.5% and 16.6% with the lowest proportion to 15.1% and 15.2% with the highest inclusion rate respectively. The combination of C. gayana with L. leucocephala or C. cajan reduced (p < 0.05) the pCH4 from 16.3% and 16.4% to 15.1% and 14.9% respectively. The pCH4 was reduced (p < 0.05) from 13.4% to 7.60% when A. nilotica was combined with C. gayana. Estimated digestible organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) increased (p < 0.05) with increasing proportions of M. indica seed kernel with CM or C. gayana. In conclusion, the combination of the basal substrates with unconventional supplements resulted in CH4 reduction without affecting the dOM and ME at lower inclusion rates. Animal‐based experiments await to validate in vitro findings.
Unlocking the power of diversity for supply chain knowledge: Is pluralism in theorizing styles the key?
Authors: Cornelissen Joep , Stephens Victoria , Matthews Lee
Published: July 2024

The authors reflect on the opportunities for diversity in supply chain research by examining the prevalent modes of theorizing in the field. This examination focuses on identifying common styles of theorizing in supply chain management research, which are defined as specific modes of reasoning to make inferences about supply chain phenomena. Armed with this definition, the authors elaborate how research in the field has for the most part hinged on a propositional style as a common base for theorizing and theoretical contributions. The analysis that is provided emphasizes the limits of this style, particularly when it is considered as the preferred form for all theoretical contributions. The authors, in turn, make the case for a pluralistic system of knowledge production that supports the use of multiple theorizing styles that, when used alongside one another in a coordinated or co‐oriented manner, will lead to a better understanding of supply chain management phenomena.
Consciousness in non‐REM‐parasomnia episodes
Authors: Siclari Francesca
Published: July 2024

Sleepwalking and related parasomnias are thought to result from incomplete awakenings out of non‐rapid eye movement (non‐REM) sleep. Non‐REM parasomnia behaviours have been described as unconscious and automatic, or related to vivid, dream‐like conscious experiences. Similarly, some observations have suggested that patients are unresponsive during episodes, while others that they can interact with their surroundings. To better grasp and characterise the full spectrum of consciousness and environmental (dis)connection associated with behavioural episodes, 35 adult patients with non‐REM sleep parasomnias were interviewed in‐depth about their experiences. The level of consciousness during parasomnia episodes was reported to be variable both within and between individuals, ranging from minimal or absent consciousness and largely automatic behaviours (frequently/always present in 36% of patients) to preserved conscious experiences characterised by delusional thinking of varying degrees of specificity (65%), often about impending danger, variably formed, uni‐ or multisensory hallucinations (53%), impaired insight (77%), negative emotions (75%), and variable, but often pronounced, amnesia (30%). Patients described their experiences as a dream scene during which they felt awake (“awake dreaming”). The surroundings were either realistically perceived, misinterpreted (in the form of perceptual illusions or misidentifications of people), or entirely hallucinated as a function of the prevailing delusion. These observations suggest that the level of consciousness, amnesia and sensory disconnection during non‐REM parasomnia episodes is variable and graded. In their full‐fledged expression, non‐REM parasomnia experiences feature several core features of dreams. They therefore represent a valuable model for the study of consciousness, sleep‐related sensory disconnection and dreaming.
Research on commercial milk formulas for young children: A scoping review
Authors: Cavalcanti Maria Birman , Silva Isabela da Costa Gaspar da , Lamarca Fernando , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

A scoping review of publications about commercial milk formulas intended for or consumed by children 12–36 months (CMF 12–36) was conducted. This review aimed to comprehensively map the existing literature, identify key concepts in the field and understand its evolution through time. A total of 3329 articles were screened and 220 were included, published between 1986 and 2024. Most works were published after 2016 (70.0%) and in high‐income countries (71.8%). Original studies were the vast majority (81.8%) of publications. Most publications dealt with feeding practices or analysed the composition and/or contamination of specific products (44.1% and 35.9%), but since the late 2000s, publications about marketing, policy, legislation, and consumer perception started to appear. Most published works (65.5%) did not focus exclusively on CMF 12–36 and included formulas for other demographics or other foods. About half of the works (55.5%) did not consider CMF 12–36 to be a breast milk substitute. We found 81 distinct product denominations used to refer to CMF 12–36, Growing Up Milk was the most common (25.9%). CMF industry was involved in 41.8% of all analysed works, and industry participation and funding were not always clearly informed (22.5% lacked a conflict of interest statement, and 25.5% did not present any information about funding). In the last decade, publications about CMF 12–36 have increased in volume and diversified in scope and subject matter. CMF‐industry participation has always been and still is present in the field, so possible vested interests should be taken into account when appreciating the literature.
On the road to losing connectivity: Faecal samples provide genome‐wide insights into anthropogenic impacts on two large herbivore species in central India
Authors: Tyagi Abhinav , Yadav Nidhi , Pandit Awadhesh , Ramakrishnan Uma
Published: July 2024

Humans have impacted most of the planet, and the ensuing fragmentation results in small, isolated habitat patches posing a risk of genetic diversity loss, inbreeding, and genetic load. Understanding how natural and anthropogenic landscape features affect gene flow among habitat patches is critical for maintaining connectivity. Genome‐wide data are required to comprehend the impacts of recent fragmentation, which can be challenging when only non‐invasive samples are available. Here, we build upon advancements in conservation genomics to address connectivity of two large herbivores, gaur (Bos gaurus) and sambar (Rusa unicolor) in central India. Given their habitat associations, we expected these species to respond similarly to habitat fragmentation. We used faecal‐DNA and methylation‐based host‐DNA enrichment with modified ddRAD protocol to generate genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 124 gaur and 99 sambar individuals. Our findings reveal that gaur populations in central India are fragmented, displaying high genetic differentiation, with drift significantly affecting small populations like Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary. Although sambar shows low genetic structure, another small population, Bor Tiger Reserve is genetically differentiated. Our results suggest that although land cover change and roads restrict animal movement, the extent of this impact varies across the two species. We show that different species respond differently to landscape features, even with similar habitat associations. We highlight small and isolated populations requiring urgent conservation intervention. Such multi‐species approaches enhance our understanding of cross‐species connectivity patterns. We suggest shifting from single‐species to multi‐species holistic conservation approach in rapidly developing landscapes to better manage co‐occurring endangered species.
The puzzle of mood rationality
Authors: Bradley Adam
Published: July 2024

Moods, orthodoxy holds, exist outside the space of reasons. A depressed subject may change their thoughts and behaviors as a result of their depression. But, according to this view, their mood gives them no genuine reason to do so. Instead, moods are mere causal influences on cognition. The issue is that moods, with their diffuse phenomenology, appear to lack intentionality (Directionlessness). But intentionality appears to be a necessary condition on rationality (The Content Constraint). Together, these principles conflict with the idea that moods are rational states of mind (Mood Rationality). The inconsistency of these three principles is the Puzzle of Mood Rationality. Now to many, this puzzle is hardly vexing: we should reject Mood Rationality. But, I argue, Mood Rationality is true despite its unpopularity. Thus, we need another way of resolving the puzzle. To do so, I distinguish intentionality as a first‐personal, phenomenological notion from representation as a third‐personal, cognitive scientific notion. I then argue that moods satisfy a revised version of the Content Constraint and sketch an account of moods as representational but non‐intentional mental states, drawing on the Valuationist paradigm in affective neuroscience. I end by showing how this account enables us to explain moods’ rationality.
Association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess adiposity in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Robles Brenda , Mota‐Bertran Anna , Saez Marc , Solans Marta
Published: July 2024

Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption is associated with excess adiposity in adults, but this linkage remains unclear among children and adolescents. The present systematic review sought to address this research gap. Publications up to November 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Outcomes included overweight/obesity anthropometric and body composition indicators; the exposure was UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. The review included 23 studies (i.e., 8 cohort and 15 cross‐sectional); approximately half were carried out in Brazil. Inconclusive and heterogeneous evidence exists as few cohort studies found positive/mixed associations between UPF consumption and excess adiposity in pediatric populations, whereas most cross‐sectional studies reported null associations. Such inconsistencies may be attributed to underlying methodological issues, especially heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed and UPF consumption operationalization and/or categorization. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs with sufficiently extended follow‐up periods, account for relevant confounding factors, employ validated and standardized measurement tools to assess dietary exposure, ensure consistent operationalization of variables, and encompass diverse geographic contexts. Ultimately, strengthening the quality of existing research evidence may better inform current and forthcoming policy and practice interventions aimed at mitigating the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in childhood and across the life course.
Quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of bluetongue virus into mainland Europe by long‐distance wind dispersal of Culicoides spp.: A case study from Sardinia
Authors: Bibard Amandine , Martinetti Davide , Giraud Aymeric , Picado Albert , Chalvet‐Monfray Karine , Porphyre Thibaud
Published: July 2024

Europe faces regular introductions and reintroductions of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes, most recently exemplified by the incursion of serotype 3 in the Netherlands. Although the long‐distance wind dispersal of the disease vector, Culicoides spp., is recognized as a virus introduction pathway, it remains understudied in risk assessments. A Quantitative Risk Assessment framework was developed to estimate the risk of BTV‐3 incursion into mainland Europe from Sardinia, where the virus has been present since 2018. We used an atmospheric transport model (HYbrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) to infer the probability of airborne dispersion of the insect vector. Epidemiological disease parameters quantified the virus prevalence in vector population in Sardinia and its potential first transmission after introduction in a new area. When assuming a 24h maximal flight duration, the risk of BTV introduction from Sardinia is limited to the Mediterranean Basin, mainly affecting the southwestern area of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Malta, and Corsica. The risk extends to the northern and central parts of Italy, Balearic archipelago, and mainland France and Spain, mostly when maximal flight duration is longer than 24h. Additional knowledge on vector flight conditions and Obsoletus complex‐specific parameters could improve the robustness of the model. Providing both spatial and temporal insights into BTV introduction risks, our framework is a key tool to guide global surveillance and preparedness against epizootics.
Individual Wealth Inequality: Measurement and Evidence from Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Hasanbasri Ardina , Kilic Talip , Koolwal Gayatri , Moylan Heather
Published: July 2024

Wealth accumulation is critical for advancing women's and men's economic opportunities, and yet is understudied in developing countries. Leveraging new, nationally‐representative, cross‐country comparable surveys where men and women self‐reported on their personal asset ownership, we show that individual‐level wealth inequality is significantly higher vis‐à‐vis comparators based on per capita household consumption expenditure, and per capita household wealth. Intra‐household wealth inequality explains about 12–30 percent of overall wealth inequality, depending on the country context. The analysis further demonstrates how survey design choices, in particular respondent selection, matter for individual wealth inequality estimates.
Untangling spatio‐temporal dynamics and determinants of technology transfer from a patent assignment perspective: The case of China's AI data
Authors: Zeng Wen , Wang Yuefen , Ba Zhichao , Cen Yonghua
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the spatio‐temporal dynamics and influencing mechanisms of technology transfer. Leveraging graph theory, we constructed a patent transfer network to understand its evolving patterns. We redefined technology transfer types, analyzed transition probabilities through Markov chain, and summarized their temporal and spatial shifts. Incorporating spatial and nonspatial methods, we explored the heterogeneity of key drivers, such as GDP and internal R&D expenditures, across regions. Our findings reveal that China's AI technology transfer network transformed from sparse to densely interconnected, with transfer types evolving from singular to diversified directions and objects. Provinces often maintain stability or transition to adjacent types, forming agglomerations of similar transfer types. GDP and internal R&D expenditures emerge as key drivers, exerting distinct impacts across regions. This study offers insights to enterprises and policymakers in developing tailored strategies for promoting technology transfer.
Digital Twin Applied to Predictive Maintenance for Industry 4.0
Authors: Kerkeni Rochdi , Khlif Safa , Mhalla Anis , Bouzrara Kais
Published: July 2024

The major concept of the future Industrial 4.0 framework is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the implementation of digital twin (DT), which avoids serious economic losses caused by unexpected equipment failures and significantly improves system reliability. DT is an emerging technology in the context of digital transformation that enables the monitoring, diagnosis, energy efficiency, and optimization of different systems. Numerous initiatives have shown how AI can enhance the performance of DT for industrial applications. This paper describes a data-based DT architecture for the monitoring, and predictive maintenance (PdM) in manufacturing. This new concept is based on deep learning, specifically the autoencoder model. The system was tested on a real industry example, by developing the data collection, data system analysis, and applying the deep learning approach. The data were collected from a Profinet communication network installed on an automated system. This approach enables better quality results and more efficient management of the weaver's workshop. Lastly, to prove the efficiency and the accuracy of the newly developed approach, an example is shown.
Spatially characterized pseudo-perfect diffuseness via finite-degree spherical harmonic diffuseness
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuhiro , Otani Makoto
Published: July 2024

Perfectly diffuse sound fields play an important role in architectural acoustics and there are established theoretical characterizations of perfect diffuseness. Although sound fields in real rooms are diffuse to some extent, they are not perfectly diffuse, and therefore theories are required to describe pseudo-perfectly diffuse sound fields. Here, we aim to spatially characterize pseudo-perfect diffuseness via directional characterization of that, finite-degree spherical harmonic diffuseness. Our results show that finite-degree diffuse sound fields yield local spatial diffuseness, suggesting that spatial pseudo-perfect diffuseness is characterized using the effective radius of diffuseness.
Autonomous design of noise-mitigating structures using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Gebrekidan Semere B. , Marburg Steffen
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the application of deep reinforcement learning for autonomously designing noise-mitigating structures. Specifically, deep Q- and double deep Q-networks are employed to find material distributions that result in broadband noise mitigation for reflection and transmission problems. Unlike conventional deep learning approaches which require prior knowledge for data labeling, the double deep Q-network algorithm learns configurations that result in broadband noise mitigations without prior knowledge by utilizing pixel-based inputs. By employing unified hyperparameters and network architectures for transmission and reflection problems, the capability of the algorithms to generalize over different environments is demonstrated. In addition, a comparison with a genetic algorithm highlights the potential for generalized design in complex environments, despite the algorithms tending to predict local maxima. Furthermore, we examine the impact of hyperparameters and environment types on agent performance. The autonomous design approach offers generalized learning while avoiding restrictions to specific shapes or prior knowledge of the task.
The theoretical maximum intelligibility improvement that can be provided by hearing aids
Authors: Johnson Eric M.
Published: July 2024

One goal of hearing aids is to increase the intelligibility of speech by improving the signal-to-noise ratio through the use of directional microphones and/or digital noise reduction. With this objective in mind, an ideal hearing aid would output amplified target speech with a signal-to-noise ratio of +∞. However, even in this ideal scenario, vent effects would allow background noise to enter the ear canal via the direct sound path while also allowing amplified sound to escape from the ear canal. In this experiment, a range of hearing aid fittings were simulated to account for these vent effects. Hearing-impaired listeners were tested using the ideal simulated hearing aid, and the results will show the maximum theoretical hearing aid benefit.