bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Impacts of Driving Environment on Crashes in Tunnel–Bridge–Tunnel Groups: An Eight-Zone Analytic Approach
Authors: Sun Zongyuan , Liu Shuo , Tang Jie , Wu Peng , Tang Boming
Published: February 2021

Tunnel–bridge–tunnel groups (TBTGs) are emerging roads that often involve simple road alignments, but complex driving environments. Investigating crashes occurred in TBTGs is essential for revealing the driving environment–adaptability relationships for such roads. This study seeks to analyze the crash characteristics of component sections in TBTGs with different driving environments and compare the impact of differences in the key factor on the crashes. After TBTGs were defined through a proposed safety-critical distance metric determined via visual theory and actual crash analyses, an eight-zone analytical method considering road types and lighting was developed to probe into crashes in TBTGs. The results show that the proper safety-critical distances for bridge–tunnel and tunnel–tunnel groups are 150 and 500 m, respectively. In TBTGs, the crash rate in ordinary sections is higher than that in bridges and tunnels, particularly in the access zone. The first passed tunnel witnesses a higher proportion of crashes at the access zone and transition zone than the second tunnel. The influence of bridge and tunnel ratios on crashes is related to the ratio and type of bridges and tunnels. The findings presented herein can provide evidence-based guidance for the safety design and management of TBTGs.
Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to Adaptation to Saltwater Intrusion in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh , Bleys Brent
Published: February 2021

Given the multidimensional nature of climate change issues, decision-making in climate change adaptation is a complex process, and suitable decision support methods are needed. The aim of this paper was to rank saltwater intrusion adaptation options for farmers in two provinces in the central coastal region of Vietnam using the analytical hierarchy process method. Data for the analysis were obtained through a literature review, field observations, and face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions with key informants. We combined two ways of weighting to arrive at final scores for each of the identified adaptation options: prioritizing criteria and subcriteria by pairwise comparison and rating the different alternatives with respect to the lowest level subcriteria. In doing so, we also investigated differences in the priority sets and final rankings of the analytical hierarchy process applications in both provinces. In our study, we worked with group consensus scores on both the criteria weights and the ratings for the different adaptation options for each of the criteria. Our results revealed that “sustainability and equity” was the most important criteria, while coherence ranked lowest. The final ranking of adaptation options differed between both provinces due to differences in the geographical and socioeconomic characteristics of the study areas. The consistency ratios for all pairwise matrices were less than 0.1, indicating that judgments from the focus group discussions with respect to the different criteria were highly consistent. A sensitivity analysis of our results confirmed the robustness of the rankings in our research.
Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System
Authors: Suntharalingam Thadshajini , Gatheeshgar Perampalam , Upasiri Irindu , Poologanathan Keerthan , Nagaratnam Brabha , Rajanayagam Heshachanaa , Navaratnam Satheeskumar
Published: February 2021

3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researches and the integration of modular building system (MBS) with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. The use of lightweight concrete in such innovative construction methods offers lightweight structures with better heat and sound insulation compared to normal weight concrete. It is worth noting that fire and energy performance has become central to building design. However, there are limited research studies on the combined thermal energy and fire performance of 3DPC walls. Therefore, this study investigates fire performance of 20 numbers of varying 3DPC wall configurations using validated finite element models under standard fire conditions. The fire performance analysis demonstrated that 3DPC non-load bearing cavity walls have substantial resistance under standard fire load and its performance can be further improved with Rockwool insulation. There is significant improvement in terms of fire performance when the thickness of the walls increases in a parallel row manner. Previous thermal energy investigation also showed a lower U-value for increased thickness of similar 3DPC walls. This research concludes with a proposal of using 3DPC wall with Rockwool insulation for amplified combined thermal energy and fire performance to be used in MBS.
Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning
Authors: Cloherty Alexandra P. M. , Rader Anusca G. , Compeer Brandon , Ribeiro Carla M. S.
Published: February 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1. It has been long accepted that the restriction factor tripartite motif protein 5 isoform alpha (TRIM5α) restricts HIV-1 infection in a species-specific manner, with rhesus macaque TRIM5α strongly restricting HIV-1, and human TRIM5α having a minimal restriction capacity. However, several recent studies underscore human TRIM5α as a cell-dependent HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on human TRIM5α and propose a novel conceptualization of TRIM5α as a restriction factor with a varied portfolio of antiviral functions, including mediating HIV-1 degradation through autophagy- and proteasome-mediated mechanisms, and acting as a viral sensor and effector of antiviral signaling. We have also expanded on the protective antiviral roles of autophagy and outline the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation to intervene in chronic HIV-1 infection.
Botched Ebola Vaccine Trials in Ghana: An Analysis of Discourses in the Media
Authors: Thompson Esi E.
Published: February 2021

In June 2015, proposed Ebola vaccine trials were suspended by the Ministry of Health of Ghana amid protests from members of parliament and the general public. Scholarship has often focused on the design, development, and administration of vaccines. Of equal importance are the social issues surrounding challenges with vaccine trials and their implementation. The purpose of this study was to analyze discourses in the media that led to the suspension of the 2015 Ebola vaccine trials in Ghana. I use a sociological lens drawing on moral panic and risk society theories. The study qualitatively analyzed discourses in 18 semi-structured interviews with media workers, selected online publications, and user comments about the Ebola vaccine trials. The findings show that discourses surrounding the Ebola vaccine trials drew on cultural, biomedical, historical, and even contextual knowledge and circumstances to concretize risk discourses and garner support for their positions. Historical, political, and cultural underpinnings have a strong influence on biomedical practices and how they are (not) accepted. This study highlights the complexity and challenges of undertaking much needed vaccine tests in societies where the notion of drug trials has underlying historical and sociological baggage that determine whether (or not) the trials proceed.
A Generalized Index for the Assessment of Helicopter Pilot Vibration Exposure
Authors: Tamer Aykut , Zanoni Andrea , Cocco Alessandro , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: February 2021

Helicopters are known to exhibit higher vibratory levels compared to fixed-wing aircraft. The consequences of vibrations depend on the affected helicopter component or subject. Specifically, pilots are in contact with several parts of the helicopter; vibrations can spoil the pilot-vehicle interaction. To evaluate the effects of vibration exposure on pilots, comfort levels resulting from whole-body vibration are computed. However, specific body parts and organs, e.g., hands, feet, and eyes are also adversely affected, with undesirable effects on piloting quality. Therefore, a detailed assessment is necessary for a more accurate estimation of pilot vibration exposure when comparing different configurations, tracking changes during design, and determining the safety of the flight envelope. A generalized assessment is presented by considering vibrations at the seat surface, hand-grip of controls, eyes, and feet. The suggested vibration measure includes comfort, handling, feet-contact, and vision in a single formulation. It is illustrated by coupling a high-fidelity biodynamic model of the pilot to a helicopter aeroservoelastic model in a comprehensive simulation environment. Using appropriate modeling techniques, vibration exposure of helicopter pilots could be evaluated during all stages of design, to achieve a more comfortable and safer flying environment.
Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characterization of the Waters of the Manglaralto River Basin (Ecuador) to Contribute to the Management of the Coastal Aquifer
Authors: Carrión-Mero Paúl , Montalván F. Javier , Morante-Carballo Fernando , Heredia Javier , Elorza F. Javier , Solórzano Joselyne , Aguilera Héctor
Published: February 2021

Coastal aquifers are strategic and fundamental in the development of touristic areas. The coastal aquifer within the Manglaralto River Basin in Ecuador is essential, as it is the only source of water supply for a large part of the northern part of the Santa Elena province. It is a semi-arid region where high volumes of water are pumped from the aquifer, causing a significant drawdown of groundwater levels, thus affecting the water quality. This work aims to characterize the characteristics of groundwater in the coastal aquifer using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes to propose a hydrogeological conceptual model. The methodology for determining the chemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater follows the following scheme: (i) studies of ionic concentrations using the Piper diagram, (ii) assessment of the origin of salinity through the Cl/Br ratio, the presence of seawater intrusion through the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram HFE-D, (iii) characterization of precipitation events using stable isotopes (18O and 2H), and, (iv) development of a hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area. The results indicate that in the basin there are mixing processes of the existing water in the aquifer with recharge water, direct cation exchange processes in the freshening process during recharge, and evaporation in the unsaturated zone. A conceptual model of the flow system in the basin is built, based on the mentioned processes. The main conclusions are: seawater intrusion is present in the areas of the wells located closest to the coast, urban activity through septic tanks is affecting the quality of the aquifer, and rainfall is highly relevant in the different hydrochemical and isotopic processes that operate in the basin.
Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Electric Buses
Authors: Yusof Nurizyan Khairiah , Abas Pg Emeroylariffion , Mahlia T. M. I. , Hannan M. A.
Published: February 2021

Electric vehicles are a leading candidate in the clean energy market. This paper aims to analyse the feasibility of the deployment of electric buses (EB) based on the existing bus routes in Brunei, by the use of life cycle cost analysis and the analysis of the parameters that influence the overall life cycle cost. The findings from the study revealed that EB are significantly more expensive than diesel buses (DB), with their acquisition and maintenance costs contributing substantially to their overall life cycle cost. In order to promote EB deployment, the government needs to look simultaneously into providing subsidies for EB and imposing taxes on DB, the provision of charging infrastructure, and ensuring maintenance capability, as well as increasing the current subsidised diesel price. It was also shown that increasing the cost of diesel to the average US diesel price of USD$3.101/L, an initial subsidy of USD$67,586 towards the purchase of EB, and a tax of USD$67,586 for the purchase of DB would allow EB to compete in the market, with the amount of tax and subsidy being gradually reducible over time, as EB and battery technology becomes more mature. From an environmental perspective, the emissions from EB come out higher than the emissions from DB. The efficiency of electric power generation needs to be enhanced, and renewable energy sources and the adoption of carbon capture technology need to be explored in order to exploit the full benefit of EB and ensure more environmentally sustainable bus operation.
Hepatitis C Rapid Point-of-Care Testing and Laboratory-based Non-invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis among Drug Abusers: An Experience from Iran
Authors: Hedayati-Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Soltanian Hossein , Danaee Majid , Vahedi Seyed Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Background: People who use drugs, particularly injection drug users (IDUs) are known as the major source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HCV infection using rapid point-of-care testing and to assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive lab tests among addict populations of Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, drug users who referred to drug treatment and harm reduction centers of Mashhad were enrolled during March and December 2019. A rapid test kit was used to assess the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and a real-time PCR was performed to confirm the infection. The AST-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score were used to investigate liver fibrosis in patients with positive HCV RNA. A P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 390 drug users aged 15–74 years were assessed. Sixty-four individuals showed positive results for anti-HCV (16.4%), of whom 58 blood samples were available for PCR test. The viremic rate among the latter group was calculated at 84.5% (49/58); the total viremia prevalence was 12.8% (49/384). Multivariate analysis revealed that being single (P = 0.040) or divorced/ widow (P = 0.011) and history of drug injection (P<0.001) and tattoos (P = 0.021) were significantly associated with current HCV infection. Using APRI and FIB-4 indices, significant liver fibrosis was identified in 14.3% and 18.4% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: HCV infection screening using rapid tests and examining liver fibrosis by non-invasive lab tests appear to be practicable and useful among poor populations in settings such as drug treatment centers.
How the US Sanctions Are Affecting the Health Research System in Iran?
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad , Mesgarpour Bita , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Ferdousi Reza
Published: February 2021

Background: In November 2018, the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal, and imposed severe sanctions on Iran. This study explores the impact of US sanctions in Iran’s health research system. Methods: This phenomenological study interviewed 24 Iranian health science scholars through purposeful sampling to learn about their experiences and thoughts regarding the impact of US sanctions on Iran’s health research system. Results: The impact of sanctions on Iran’s health research system were classified into five categories: (a) financial issues, (b) difficulty in supplying laboratory materials and (c) equipment, (d) disruption in international research collaboration and activities, and (e) other issues (e.g., increased stress and workload). Conclusion: This study indicated that since research centers in Iran are highly dependent on governmental budgets, sanctions have greatly affected the health research system in Iran. Financial and economic problems, restrictions in transferring funds, and the disruption in political and international relations have created many challenges for supplying medical laboratory materials and equipment for medical and health research centers in Iran.
Blood Transfusion Practice in Operating Rooms in Nemazee Hospital in Southern Iran
Authors: Haghpanah Sezaneh , Miladi Shima , Kasraian Leila , Zamani Ali , Gholami Maryam
Published: February 2021

Background: The requests for blood products in elective surgeries exceed actual use, leading to financial wastage and loss of shelf-life. In this study, we assessed the blood transfusion indices in elective surgeries performed in the operating rooms. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, from January to June 2017, a total of 970 adult patients who underwent elective surgeries in the operating rooms of Nemazee hospital, a general referral hospital in southern Iran, were investigated. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), platelets, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were gathered from medical records. Blood utilization was evaluated using the following indices: cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio), transfusion probability (T%), transfusion index (TI), and Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS). Results: The overall C/T, T%, and TI ratios were 2.49, 46.6%, and 0.83 for all procedures, and the highest and lowest ratios pertained to the thoracic and cardiac surgeries, respectively. The C/T ratio was ≥2.5 for all surgical procedures except for cardiac surgeries. T% was <30 for thoracic and orthopedics surgeries and ≥30 for other surgical procedures. In all surgical procedures, TI was less than 0.5, except for cardiac surgeries. Also, the MSBOS was about 3 units for cardiac surgeries and ranged from 0.5 to 1 units in other surgeries. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high quality blood transfusion practice in cardiac surgeries, possibly due to more focus on this critical ward. Assessing difficulties in the process of reservation, utilization, and preparation of standard protocols and policies are required to improve the blood utilization practice in operating rooms.
Distance to Thrombus in Endovascular Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery M1 Occlusion Predicts Recanalization Success and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Sengeze Nihat , Giray Semih
Published: February 2021

Background: The occlusion site of the cerebral artery can help to determine recanalization success, treatment and prognosis in acute stroke patients. In current studies, different measurement techniques and different length values have been considered. We aimed to determine the relationship between the location of occlusion and recanalization success following endovascular therapy of acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 occlusion. Methods: This study was conducted from January 2015 to March 2019. The "M1 distance-to-thrombus length" was determined on curve-linear reformat reconstruction of the MCA, and measured from the center of internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation to the beginning of the thrombus on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). A successful recanalization was defined as ≥ modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b and full recanalization as mTICI 3. Evaluation of patients at the end of the third month was carried out with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality. Results: We eventually included 95 patients treated with endovascular therapy. The patients with distance to thrombus (DT) ≤13.2 mm showed significantly higher rates of full recanalization (AUC = 0.639 ± 0.06; P=0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI]). Additionally, DT could predict successful recanalization with an AUC of 0.639. The possibility to distinguish unsuccessful recanalization cases after the endovascular treatment by considering DT had 85.7% sensitivity (95% CI). Of the 82 (86.3%) patients who were treated with successful recanalization (≥mTICI 2b), 46 (48.4%) achieved mRS (0–3) and 38 (40%) expired at the end of the 3 months. Conclusion: Shorter DT was associated with higher rate of full recanalization (mTICI 3) after endovascular therapy. Having a longer DT reduces the chance of successful recanalization without distal embolism. However, there was no statistically significant effect for DT on a favorable outcome at third months or mortality with endovascular treatment of MCA M1 occlusions.
Infliximab and Intravenous Gammaglobulin in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Farrokhpour Mohsen , Rezaie Nader , Moradi Najmeh , Ghaffari Rad Fatemeh , Izadi Shirin , Azimi Mehdi , Zamani Farhad , Izadi Shahrokh , Ranjbar Mitra , Jamshidi Makiani Mahin , laali Azadeh , Roham Maryam , Yadollahzadeh Mahdi
Published: February 2021

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to the cytokine storm syndrome which may cause acute respiratory failure syndrome and death. Our aim was to investigate the therapeutic effects of infliximab, intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg) or combination therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: In this observational research, we studied 104 intubated adult patients with severe COVID-19 infection (based on clinical symptoms, and radiographic or CT scan parameters) who were admitted to the ICU of a multispecialty hospital during March 2020 in Tehran, Iran. All cases received standard treatment regimens as local protocol (Oseltamivir + hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir or sofosbuvir or atazanavir ± ribavirin). The cases were grouped as controls (n = 43), infliximab (n = 27), IVIg (n = 23) and combination (n = 11). Results: There was no significant difference between controls and treatment groups in terms of underlying diseases or the number of underlying diseases. The mean age (SD) of cases was 72.42 (16.06) in the control group, 64.52 (12.965) in IVIg, 63.40 (17.57) in infliximab and 64.00 (11.679) in combination therapy; (P = 0.047, 0.031 and 0.11, respectively). Also, 37% in the infliximab group, 26.1% in IVIg, 45.5% in combination therapy, and 62.8% in the control group expired (all P < 0.05). Hazard ratios were 0.31 in IVIg (95% CI: 0.12-0.76, P = 0.01), 0.30 in infliximab (95% CI: 0.13-0.67, P = 0.004), 0.39 in combination therapy (95% CI: 0.12-1.09, P = 0.071). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that infliximab and IVIg, alone or together, in patients with severe COVID-19 disease can be considered an effective treatment.
Cardiac Complications in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sahranavard Mehrdad , Akhavan Rezayat Arash , Zamiri Bidary Mohammad , Omranzadeh Alireza , Rohani Farahnaz , Hamidi Farahani Ramin , Hazrati Ebrahim , Mousavi Seyyed Hossein , Afshar Ardalan Mohamed , Soleiman-Meigooni Saeed , Hosseini-Shokouh Seyyed-Javad , Hejripour Zia , Nassireslami Ehsan , Laripour Reza , Salarian Amirahmad , Nourmohammadi Abbas , Mosaed Reza
Published: February 2021

Background: The newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to involve different organs, including the cardiovascular system. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 cardiac complications and calculated their pooled incidences. Secondarily, we compared the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level between the surviving and expired patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for manuscripts published from December 1, 2019 to April 16, 2020. Cardiovascular complications, along with the levels of cTnI, creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were extracted. The pooled incidences of the extracted data were calculated, and the unadjusted cTnI level was compared between the surviving and expired patients. Results: Out of 1094 obtained records, 22 studies on a total of 4,157 patients were included. The pooled incidence rate of arrhythmia was 10.11%. Furthermore, myocardial injury had a pooled incidence of 17.85%, and finally, the pooled incidence for heart failure was 22.34%. The pooled incidence rates of cTnI, CK-MB, and CK elevations were also reported at 15.16%, 10.92%, and 12.99%, respectively. Moreover, the pooled level of unadjusted cTnI was significantly higher in expired cases compared with the surviving (mean difference = 31.818, 95% CI = 17.923-45.713, P value <0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 can affect different parts of the heart; however, the myocardium is more involved.
A systematic review of herbal medicines to improve the sexual function of menopausal women
Authors: Koliji Tanya , Keshavarz Zohre , Zare Elham , Mojab Faraz , Nasiri Malihe
Published: February 2021

Sexual function is one of the most important aspects of menopausal women, and its disorder is a common condition among this group of women. The long-term side effects of hormone replacement therapy to improve this disorder have led women to seek alternative therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize clinical trials of herbal medicines that improve the sexual function of menopausal women. In this review article, the content was searched in 6 databases to identify double- and triple-blind clinical trial studies from January 2000 to April 2020. The search was conducted in English and Persian. Studies were considered if they were related to menopausal woman, sexual function and its various domains. A total of 479 articles were reviewed, 31 of which were included in the study after reviewing the full text. In this study, 3 articles on ginseng, 4 articles on fennel, 2 articles on Fenugreek, 3 articles on bindii, 3 articles on Red clover, 1 article on Schisandra, 2 articles on Hops; 3 articles about Black cohosh, 2 articles about soy, 2 articles about Ginkgo biloba, 1 article about Nigella sativa, 1 article about neroli oil, 1 article about maca, 1 article about Date pollen, 1 article about Aphrodite and 1 article on the combination of St John’s wort and vitex were evaluated. Red ginseng, fennel, bindii, Red clover and Black cohosh have the greatest effect on improving the sexual function of menopausal women, and people can be encouraged to use these plants.
Relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit isolated bladder smooth muscles contractions
Authors: Sadraei Hassan , Tabesh Sabihe
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Quercetin is a flavonoid compound found in many medicinal plants. Antispasmodic effect of quercetin has been reported in ileum and uterus smooth muscles but not in bladder. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate relaxant effect of quercetin in rabbit isolated bladder. Methods: Male rabbit was asphyxiated with carbon dioxide and then sacrificed. The whole bladder was dissected out and placed in oxygenated Tyrode’s solution. Isolated bladder was cut into longitudinal strips and placed in an organ bath for contraction studies. Contractions were induced with KCl (20mM), acetylcholine (5μM) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Full inhibitory concentration–response curve was constructed for quercetin following addition of above spasmogens. Quercetin was added into the organ bath with 2 fold increments in concentration until maximum response was achieved. Nifedipine was used as positive control group and equivalent volume of quercetin vehicle (water + DMSO) was used as negative control group.Results: Quercetin (4 μg/mL to 640 μg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner inhibited isolated bladder strips contracted by KCl (IC50=159±25 μg/mL), acetylcholine (IC50=43±9.1 μg/mL) and EFS (IC50=38±9.3 μg/mL). In the highest used concentration, quercetin completely removed contractile responses to KCl, acetylcholine and electrical filed stimulation (EFS). Nifedipine totally inhibited KCl response (IC50=115±36 ng/mL) but only partially inhibited acetylcholine and EFS responses. Conclusion: These results confirm the relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit bladder and if similar effects are seen in human studies, then quercetin would be a suitable drug candidate to be investigated for bladder incontinence.
Antidiabetic activity of tannin fraction of Bridelia ferruginea (Benth) leaf extract on fructose-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Sanvee Sabrina , Simalou Oudjaniyobi , Tchani Gneiny Whad , Kagnou Hèzouwè , Bakoma Batomayena , Metowogo Kossi , Agbodan Kokou Agbékonyi , Kpegba Kafui
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Bridelia ferruginea is a plant known for its antidiabetic properties. However, few studies on leaf extracts have induced anti-hyperglycemic activity on normal mice subjected to carbohydrate overload. The current study was designed to assess the effect of the leaf extracts’ fraction on fructose-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The in vitro ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were carried out and the condensed tannins quantified. The vanillin-HCl method was used to characterize the condensed tannins. The antidiabetic effect on fructose-induced diabetic mice was evaluated for 28 days using a fructose-enriched fat diet approach. Results: The fraction confirmed the antioxidant activity with a reducing power of 800 μg/mL comparable to ascorbic acid at 200 μg/mL. The condensed tannins were estimated at 79.6 ± 3.4 mg catechin equivalent per gram of sample. Significant decreases in blood sugar levels of 6.25% at the 7th day, 11.04% at the 14th day, 12.61% at the 21th day, and 11.35% at the 28th day were obtained in mice treated with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight, compared to the positive control group. The decreases of 37.11% of triglycerides and 40.16% of total cholesterol were also obtained. Conclusion: The investigated fraction showed notable antidiabetic activity and might be a good candidate in the treatment of diabetes.
Quantitative screening of phytochemicals and pharmacological attributions of the leaves and stem barks of Macropanax dispermus (Araliaceae) in treating the inflammation and arthritis
Authors: Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Proma Nawreen Monir , Shorna Mahabuba Khanam , Akbar Sumaiya , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Inflammation is a major cause of arthritis. Since the conventional medicines used for the treatment of this disease have many side effects, herbal remedies can be proved to be effective in this case. So, the present study was aimed at investigating the quantitative detection of phytochemicals, screening of in vivo anti-inflammatory and the possible anti-arthritic activities of the crude methanol extracts of a traditional medicinal plant Macropanax dispermus leaves (MDML) and stem barks (MDMS). Methods: Quantitative screening of phytochemical constituents was analyzed by standard procedures. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was conducted on Swiss albino mice by using carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema tests, and xylene-induced ear edema test. The possible anti-arthritic activity was done by evaluating the in vitro inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation. Results: The current research showed that MDML contained a considerable amount of flavonoids and alkaloids, and MDMS contained a considerable amount of phenols. MDMS (200, 400 mg/kg) was observed to be an effective and significant (P < 0.001) peripheral anti-inflammatory agent in carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema tests, whereas MDML (400 mg/kg) was observed to have an effective and significant (P < 0.001) neurogenic anti-inflammatory effect in xylene-induced ear edema test as compared to the negative control group. MDMS was observed to be an effective anti-arthritic agent as compared to that of the negative control group. All those effects were dose and concentration-dependent.Conclusion: The present research proved that MDML and MDMS were effective medications for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.
Role of polar extracts from two quinoa varieties in prevention of steatohepatitis and cardiovascular diseases and improving glucose tolerance in rats.
Authors: Al-Okbi Sahar Youssef , Hamed Thanaa E , Elewa Tarek A , Ramadan Asmaa A , El-Karamany Mohamed F , Bakry ‎ Bakry A
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Steatohepatitis, which is the deposition of fat in the liver with inflammation and starting of necrosis, can induce cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this research was to study the preventive effects of steatohepatitis and CVD by ethanol extract of two quinoa varieties (quinoa 1 and hualhuas) in rats. Methods: Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined in the extracts utilizing colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity was assessed for the extracts. Rats were divided into four groups, the first group was fed on a balanced diet (negative control), and other groups consumed a high fructose-fat diet (HFFD) to induce steatohepatitis and CVD. The second group served as a positive control; however, the third and fourth groups were treated by ethanol extract of quinoa 1 and hualhuas, respectively. Different biochemical changes, as well as liver and heart histopathology, were followed. Results: Results showed significant elevation in liver lipids, plasma malondialdehyde, total cholesterol (T-C), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total antioxidant as well as a significant increase in T-C/HDL-C in control positive group (P < 0.05) compared to control negative group. Plasma parameters and liver lipids were improved by the extracts; hualhuas was superior concerning the effect on lipid while quinoa 1 was more efficient in reducing oxidative stress. The oral glucose tolerance curve and the histopathology of the liver and heart tissues were improved by both extracts. Total phenolic and DPPH scavenging activity were higher in quinoa 1 than hualhuas. Protocatechuic and rutin were the major identified phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds, respectively in the extracts. Conclusion: Quinoa extracts are able to prevent the progression of steatohepatitis and CVD, and might be beneficial in patients with such diseases.
Kleinhovia hospita extract alleviates experimental hepatic and renal toxicities induced by a combination of antituberculosis drugs
Authors: Djabir Yulia Yusrini , Arsyad Aryadi , Murdifin Mufidah , Tayeb Rosany , Amir Muhammad Nur , Kamaruddin Fatwa Al-Fia , Najib Nurul Husna
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Antituberculosis drugs are associated with hepatic and renal toxicities due to drug’s radical metabolites. Kleinhovia hospita L extract possesses a potent antioxidant capacity that can be beneficial in eradication of oxidative-induced cell damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of K. hospita hydro-alcoholic extract on biomarkers and structure changes in liver and kidney induced by a combination of antituberculosis drugs (CAD), comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned into one of the five groups: control, CAD, and CAD with K. hospita extract in three different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). The extract was administered three hours prior to CAD and all treatments were carried out for 28 days. Following the last day of treatment, blood samples and organs were collected for biomarker analysis and histopathological examinations. Results: Twenty-eight days of CAD treatment in rats induced marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine and urea levels compared to controls. K. hospita extract at higher doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly improved ALT, urea and creatinine levels in the rats treated with CAD (P<0.05), although it did not significantly reduce AST. Furthermore, liver and renal tissue damages induced by CAD were restored with K. hospita extract treatment, especially at higher doses. Conclusion: Kleinhovia hospita extract treatment has the potential to protect the liver and renal damage induced by toxic doses of CAD.
Spasmolytic effect of Acmella oleracea flowers extract on isolated rat ileum
Authors: Duangjai Acharaporn , Phiphitphibunsuk Wichuda , Klomkiao Niphaphon , Rodjanaudomwuttikul Plangkul , Ruangpoom Praewanit , Autthakitmongkol Sudarat , Ontawong Acharaporn , Kamkaew Nattakorn , Utsinthong Maleeruk , SaoKaew Surasak
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Acmella oleracea has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, sore throat, haemorrhoids and toothache. However, whether A. oleracea has gastrointestinal functions, such as regulation of intestinal contractions, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of A. oleracea flowers extract (AFE) on rat ileum contractions and the possible mechanism(s) of its action. Methods: The extract was prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus with 95% ethanol. Ileum was removed from male Wistar rats and mounted in an organ bath containing Krebs solution. The tissue contractions were recorded by an isotonic transducer under 1 g tension.Results: The cumulative concentrations of the AFE (0.01–1 mg/mL) reduced the ileum contractions induced by KCl (80 mM) (n = 6, P < 0.05). AFE (1 mg/mL) attenuated the contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 (1–20 mM), while the spasmolytic effects of the extract were not reduced after tissue incubation with N (ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 μM, 20 minutes).Conclusion: These results suggest that AFE inhibits ileum contractions without involving the nitric oxide pathway, which is possibly mediated via blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. A. oleracea may be useful in gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea.
Investigation of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Pinus halepensis extracts
Authors: Salhi Najoua , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , El-Goumari Otman , El Jemly Meryem , Bourais Ilhame , Zellou Amina , Cherrah Yahya , Faouzi My El Abbes
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Pinus halepensis is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for treatment of various pathologies including diabetes. The objective of this study is to perform a phytochemical study and to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of extracts of the bark of P. halepensis. Methods: Total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method, aluminum trichloride reagent (AlCl3) and vanillin assay. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing agent (ferric reducing). The antidiabetic activity was first revealed by enzymatic inhibition tests through measuring the residual activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and then, by oral tolerance tests of glucose and starch in male Wistar rats. To verify the safety of plant extracts, acute oral toxicity was determined. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts of P. halepensis were rich in phenolic compounds. The anti-oxidation activity tests revealed a significant reducing power towards the radicals tested. In addition, P. halepensis inhibited the enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) at very low concentrations. These effects were verified in the in vivo approach, in particular by using the starch tolerance test. Conclusion: P. halepensis extracts showed remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. However, further investigations are necessary to identify the main compounds of P. halepensis and to evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.
Anesthesia with topical lidocaine hydrochloride gauze in acute traumatic wounds
Authors: Ala Alireza , Jabbaripour Pooneh , Maroufi Parham
Published: February 2021

Background: Using gauze soaked in lidocaine hydrochloride (2%) can induce anesthesia to suture wounds painlessly, without causing anxiety due to fear of injection in adult patients who referred to the emergency department with limb laceration. Methods: This is a triple-blind interventional study in which trauma patients with limb wounds enter the study. Distilled water impregnated gauze will be used for the control group and 2% lidocaine impregnated gauze will be used for the intervention group. The gauze will be placed on the wound for 5 minutes. The pain will be assessed with VAS. Results: A total of 180 people were enrolled in the study, which followed a normal distribution (Pv = 0.079) by Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. The mean age of the participants is 32.02± 13.97 years. The pain intensity of patients in the case group based on VAS at the time of admission was 7.92 ±0.64. The severity of pain in patients after lidocaine-impregnated gauze anesthesia is 7.54±0.91. The severity of pain in patients based on VAS at the time of admission was 7.82± 0.61. The severity of patients' pain after anesthesia with lidocaine-impregnated gauze was 3.51±1.51. In the case group, the topical injection of lidocaine was repeated for anesthesia for all patients, while in the control group, the injection was repeated only for 3 patients. Pv≤0.0001) Conclusion: the pain intensity after anesthesia is significantly different and in the anesthesia group with local the injection has dropped dramatically
Evaluation of autonomic neuropathy in newly diagnosed and chronic type 2 diabetic patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Esmaeillou Mahsa , Houshyar Jalil , Akbarzadeh Fariborz , Aliasgarzadeh Akbar
Published: February 2021

Abstract Introduction: Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) that ultimately occurs in most patients. The purpose of this study was to screen and diagnose latent cases of autonomic neuropathy between patients who have a history of over 10 years DM and recently diagnosed diabetic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 104 patients (52 type 2 DM patients diagnosed in the last 6 months; and 52 type 2 DM patients with more than 10 years history) referred to outpatient Endocrine Clinic of Imam Reza Medical Center in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between 2015-2016. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and corrected QT interval were evaluated according to standard methods. The history of gastrointestinal and urinary tract neuropathy was extracted from patients’ history and physical exam. Results: Of the 104 patients studied, 54 were male and 50 were female. Standing heart rate (p=0.02), resting (p<0.0002) and standing (p<0.0001) systolic blood pressure, and resting diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03) were significantly higher in chronic diabetic patients compared to newly diagnosed group. Additionally, blood glucose levels (p=0.03) and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.0001) were significantly higher in patients with neuropathy. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that in patients with type 2 DM, cardiac autonomic dysfunction is more common in patients with a longer history of DM.
Comparison of lung bedside ultrasound and BNP in the diagnosis of acute heart failure in the emergency department
Authors: Ojaghi Haghighi Seyed Hossein , Hamed Neda , Ebrahimi Shiva , Ghobadi Jafar , Ameli Hoorolnesa
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Congestive heart failure is heart muscle failure that causes pulmonary congestion and eventually pulmonary edema, which despite recent medical advances, is still a progressive syndrome with high mortality, the prevalence of which has increased in recent decades. Therefore, in this study we compared lung ultrasound findings in acute heart failure patients with the BNP. Methods: This study was performed in the emergency room of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz. For patients entering the emergency room after taking a history, both standard gold (BNP) tests and beside ultrasound of the lung were performed. Ultrasound was performed at the same time as obtaining blood sample to ensure that the ultrasound specialist did not know the result of diagnosis. During the ultrasound, if there were multiple B-Lines that were at least 3 mm apart, patient was diagnosed with pulmonary edema due to heart failure. Results: Number of participants in this study was 108 people, 54.6% of whom were men and the rest were women. The correlation coefficient between width and number of kerley lines was 0.79, between NT-pro BNP and width of kerley lines was 0.65 and between NT-pro BNP and number of kerley lines was 0.77, which indicates a significant positive correlation (P value <0.001). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that in patients with acute heart failure, the number and width of kerley lines in pulmonary ultrasound evaluation increase rapidly. There is also a high correlation between number and length of kerley lines with NT-pro BNP serum values.
NILAI PERUSAHAAN: STUDI EMPIRIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
Authors: KARMUDIANDRI ARWINA , CHANDRA MERRY ADITA
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze factors influencing firm value. The independen variable are investment opportunity, dividen policy, managerial ownership, financial leverage, profitability, firm size, board of indepedent commissioner, audit comittee. Population of this research is non-financial companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. The sample of this research are selected by using purposive sampling method, and 198 datas are taken. Data were analyzed using multiple regression method. The result of this research shows that financial leverage, profitability and board of independent commissioner have influence to firm value, whereas investment opportunity, dividen policy managerial ownership, firm size and audit comittee do not have influence to firm value.
BRAND IDENTIFICATION, SATISFACTION, BRAND TRUST, DAN COMMITMENT TERHADAP CUSTOMER LOYALTY PADA KONSUMEN MOTOR SPORT
Authors: HARYANTI DENNY SEPTA , HERMAWAN EDDY
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the influence of customer brand identification (CBI), customer satisfaction (SAT), customer brand trust (CBT), and customer commitment (CM) to customer loyalty (CL) on Yamaha Vixion motor sport consumers in DKI Jakarta. The form of research conducted in this study are causal and descriptive. Sampling using pusposive sampling technique with the number of respondents as many as 281 respondents. The data analysis method used in this study is SEM (Structural Equation Model) with AMOS tools. The result of this study indicates that CBI, SAT, CBT, and CM had effect to CL. CBT had effect to CLmediating through SAT, CBT, and CM. Then, SAT had effect to CM mediating through CBT. CBI had effect to CBT mediating through SAT, and CBI had effect to CM mediating through SAT.
Zero waste strategies and Turkey’s zero waste project
Authors: Tan Burcu
Published: February 2021

The amount of waste in the world continues to increase in the framework of the population, increase in purchasing power and technological developments since the past years and this increase necessitates the need for sustainable and integrated management of waste. The disposal of waste without being used in the recycling and recovery process causes serious resource losses, both materially and energy. The "zero waste" movement has recently gained importance as an alternative to the dominant "take-use-waste" production model and as a viable approach to climate change. Zero waste is a change of perspective. It requires think again about what we traditionally regarded as garbage and instead addressing all materials as valuable resources. Zero waste takes into account the entire material management system, from extraction of natural resources to product design, production and distribution, product use and reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery and disposal. This paper discusses a variety of zero waste strategy implementations and Turkey's Zero Waste Project.