bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of corrosion properties of AISI 304L stainless steel on the austenite grain size
Authors: Sabooni Soheil , Rashtchi Hamed , Eslami Abdoulmajid , Karimzadeh Fathallah , Enayati Mohammad Hossein , Raeissi Keyvan , Ngan Alfonso Hing Wan , Imani Reihane Faghih
Published: June 2017

The corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels is known to be hampered by the loss of chromium available for passive surface layer formation as a result of chromium carbide precipitation at austenite grain boundaries during annealing treatments. Although high-temperature annealing can promote carbide dissolution leading to better corrosion resistance, grain coarsening also results, which would lead to poorer mechanical properties. Processing methods to achieve both good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties are thus highly desirable for austenitic stainless steels. In the present study, we show that the corrosion resistance of AISI 304L stainless steel can be improved by grain refinement into the ultrafine-grained regime. Specifically, samples with different austenite grain sizes in the range of 0.65–12 μm were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. All samples showed a typical passive behavior with similar corrosion potential, but the corrosion current density decreased significantly with decreasing grain size. The results show that the sample with the finest grain size had the best corrosion resistance due to a higher resistance of the passive layer to pitting attacks. This study indicates that grain refinement which improves mechanical properties can also significantly improve the corrosion resistance of AISI 304L stainless steel.
Ruling out Higher-Order Interference from Purity Principles
Authors: Barnum Howard , Lee Ciarán , Scandolo Carlo , Selby John
Published: June 2017

As first noted by Rafael Sorkin, there is a limit to quantum interference. The interference pattern formed in a multi-slit experiment is a function of the interference patterns formed between pairs of slits; there are no genuinely new features resulting from considering three slits instead of two. Sorkin has introduced a hierarchy of mathematically conceivable higher-order interference behaviours, where classical theory lies at the first level of this hierarchy and quantum theory theory at the second. Informally, the order in this hierarchy corresponds to the number of slits on which the interference pattern has an irreducible dependence. Many authors have wondered why quantum interference is limited to the second level of this hierarchy. Does the existence of higher-order interference violate some natural physical principle that we believe should be fundamental? In the current work we show that such principles can be found which limit interference behaviour to second-order, or “quantum-like”, interference, but that do not restrict us to the entire quantum formalism. We work within the operational framework of generalised probabilistic theories, and prove that any theory satisfying Causality, Purity Preservation, Pure Sharpness, and Purification—four principles that formalise the fundamental character of purity in nature—exhibits at most second-order interference. Hence these theories are, at least conceptually, very “close” to quantum theory. Along the way we show that systems in such theories correspond to Euclidean Jordan algebras. Hence, they are self-dual and, moreover, multi-slit experiments in such theories are described by pure projectors.
Modeling and Scaling of the Viscosity of Suspensions of Asphaltene Nanoaggregates
Authors: Pal Rajinder
Published: June 2017

The scaling and modeling of the viscosity of suspensions of asphaltene nanoaggregates is carried out successfully taking into consideration the solvation and clustering of nanoaggragates, and the jamming of the suspension at the glass transition volume fraction of asphaltene nanoaggregates. The nanoaggregates of asphaltenes are modeled as solvated disk-shaped “core–shell” particles taking into account the most recent small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and solid-state 1H NMR studies available on the size and structure of asphaltene nanoaggregates. This work is an extension of our earlier studies on modeling of asphaltene suspensions where solvation of asphaltene nanoaggregates was not considered. A new mathematical model is developed for estimating the aspect ratio (ratio of thickness to diameter of particle) and the corresponding intrinsic viscosity of suspension of solvated disk-shaped asphaltene nanoaggregates using the experimental relative viscosity data of suspensions at low asphaltene concentrations. The solvation of asphaltene nanoaggregates is found to be significant. The intrinsic viscosity increases with the increase in the degree of solvation of nanoaggregates. At high concentrations of asphaltenes, clustering of solvated nanoaggregates dominates resulting in large viscosities. A new scaling law is discovered to scale the viscosity data of different asphaltene suspensions. According to the new scaling law, a unique correlation is obtained, independent of the type of asphaltene system, when the data are plotted as ( η r − 1 ) / [ η ] S versus ϕ S where η r is the relative viscosity of suspension, [ η ] S is the intrinsic viscosity of suspension of solvated nanoaggregates, and ϕ S is the volume fraction of solvated nanoaggregates. Twenty sets of experimental viscosity data on asphaltene suspensions gathered from different sources are used to verify and confirm the scaling law and the viscosity model proposed in this work. Based on the experimental data, the glass transition volume fraction of solvated asphaltene nanoaggregates where jamming of suspension, and hence divergence of viscosity, takes place is found to be approximately 0.4. The viscosity model proposed in this work can be used to predict the viscosity of a new asphaltene system over a broad range of asphaltene concentrations provided that the intrinsic viscosity of the suspension is obtained from viscosity measurements at very low asphaltene concentrations.
Inventory of Onshore Hydrocarbon Seeps in Romania (HYSED-RO Database)
Authors: Ionescu Artur , Burrato Pierfrancesco , Baciu Calin , Etiope Giuseppe , Kis Boglarka-Mercedesz
Published: June 2017

Seeps are the expression of the migration of hydrocarbons from subsurface accumulations to the surface in sedimentary basins. They may represent an important indication of the presence of petroleum (gas and oil) reservoirs and faults, and are a natural source of greenhouse gas (methane) and atmospheric pollutants (ethane, propane) to the atmosphere. Romania is one of the countries with the largest number of seeps in the world, due to the high petroleum potential and active tectonics. Based on a review of the available literature, and on the field surveys performed by the authors during the last 17 years, we report the first comprehensive GIS-based inventory of 470 seeps in Romania (HYSED-RO), including gas seeps (10.4% of the total), oil seeps (11.7%), mud volcanoes (50.4%), gas-rich springs (12.6%), asphalt (solid) seeps (4.3%), unclassified manifestations (4.0%), and uncertain seeps (6.6%). Seeps are typically located in correspondence with major faults and vertical and fractured stratigraphic contacts associated to petroleum reservoirs (anticlines) in low heat flow areas, and their gas-geochemistry reflects that of the subsurface reservoirs. The largest and most active seeps occur in the Carpathian Foredeep, where they release thermogenic gas, and subordinately in the Transylvanian Basin, where gas is mainly microbial. HYSED-RO may represent a key reference for baseline characterization prior to subsurface petroleum extraction, for environmental studies, and atmospheric greenhouse gas emission estimates in Romania.
Differential Sarcomere and Electrophysiological Maturation of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Myocytes in Monolayer vs. Aggregation-Based Differentiation Protocols
Authors: Jeziorowska Dorota , Fontaine Vincent , Jouve Charlène , Villard Eric , Dussaud Sébastien , Akbar David , Letang Valérie , Cervello Pauline , Itier Jean-Michiel , Pruniaux Marie-Pierre , Hulot Jean-Sébastien
Published: June 2017

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a powerful human model to study cardiac disease in vitro, notably channelopathies and sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. Different protocols for cardiac differentiation of iPSCs have been proposed either based on embroid body formation (3D) or, more recently, on monolayer culture (2D). We performed a direct comparison of the characteristics of the derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) on day 27 ± 2 of differentiation between 3D and 2D differentiation protocols with two different Wnt-inhibitors were compared: IWR1 (inhibitor of Wnt response) or IWP2 (inhibitor of Wnt production). We firstly found that the level of Troponin T (TNNT2) expression measured by FACS was significantly higher for both 2D protocols as compared to the 3D protocol. In the three methods, iPSC-CM show sarcomeric structures. However, iPSC-CM generated in 2D protocols constantly displayed larger sarcomere lengths as compared to the 3D protocol. In addition, mRNA and protein analyses reveal higher cTNi to ssTNi ratios in the 2D protocol using IWP2 as compared to both other protocols, indicating a higher sarcomeric maturation. Differentiation of cardiac myocytes with 2D monolayer-based protocols and the use of IWP2 allows the production of higher yield of cardiac myocytes that have more suitable characteristics to study sarcomeric cardiomyopathies.
Low-Symmetry Mixed Fluorinated Subphthalocyanines as Fluorescence Imaging Probes in MDA-MB-231 Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: McAuliffe Katherine , Kaster Megan , Szlag Regina , Trivedi Evan
Published: June 2017

Boron subphthalocyanines (SPcs) are aromatic macrocycles that possess a combination of physical and optical properties that make them excellent candidates for application as fluorescent imaging probes. These molecules have intense electronic absorption and emission, and structural versatility that allows for specific tuning of physical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of low-symmetry fluorinated SPcs and compare them to analogous compounds with varying numbers of peripheral fluorine atoms and varied aromaticity. Across the series, with increasing addition of fluorine atoms to the periphery of the ring, a downfield chemical shift in 19F NMR and a bathochromic shift of electronic absorption were observed. Expanding the size of the aromatic ring by replacing peripheral benzo- groups with naphtho- groups prompted a far more drastic bathochromic shift to absorption and emission. Fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) proved to be sufficiently high to observe intracellular fluorescence from MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells in vitro by epifluorescence microscopy; fluorination proved vital for this purpose to improve solubility. This report lays the groundwork for the future development of these promising SPcs for their ultimate application as near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging probes in biological systems.
Dietary Intervention by Phytochemicals and Their Role in Modulating Coding and Non-Coding Genes in Cancer
Authors: Budisan Liviuta , Gulei Diana , Zanoaga Oana , Irimie Alexandra , Chira Sergiu , Braicu Cornelia , Gherman Claudia , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana
Published: June 2017

Phytochemicals are natural compounds synthesized as secondary metabolites in plants, representing an important source of molecules with a wide range of therapeutic applications. These natural agents are important regulators of key pathological processes/conditions, including cancer, as they are able to modulate the expression of coding and non-coding transcripts with an oncogenic or tumour suppressor role. These natural agents are currently exploited for the development of therapeutic strategies alone or in tandem with conventional treatments for cancer. The aim of this paper is to review the recent studies regarding the role of these natural phytochemicals in different processes related to cancer inhibition, including apoptosis activation, angiogenesis and metastasis suppression. From the large palette of phytochemicals we selected epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), genistein, morin and kaempferol, due to their increased activity in modulating multiple coding and non-coding genes, targeting the main hallmarks of cancer.
Adaptive Estimation of Multiple Fading Factors for GPS/INS Integrated Navigation Systems
Authors: Jiang Chen , Zhang Shu-Bi , Zhang Qiu-Zhao
Published: June 2017

The Kalman filter has been widely applied in the field of dynamic navigation and positioning. However, its performance will be degraded in the presence of significant model errors and uncertain interferences. In the literature, the fading filter was proposed to control the influences of the model errors, and the H-infinity filter can be adopted to address the uncertainties by minimizing the estimation error in the worst case. In this paper, a new multiple fading factor, suitable for the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation system, is proposed based on the optimization of the filter, and a comprehensive filtering algorithm is constructed by integrating the advantages of the H-infinity filter and the proposed multiple fading filter. Measurement data of the GPS/INS integrated navigation system are collected under actual conditions. Stability and robustness of the proposed filtering algorithm are tested with various experiments and contrastive analysis are performed with the measurement data. Results demonstrate that both the filter divergence and the influences of outliers are restrained effectively with the proposed filtering algorithm, and precision of the filtering results are improved simultaneously.
Survey of Motion Tracking Methods Based on Inertial Sensors: A Focus on Upper Limb Human Motion
Authors: Filippeschi Alessandro , Schmitz Norbert , Miezal Markus , Bleser Gabriele , Ruffaldi Emanuele , Stricker Didier
Published: June 2017

Motion tracking based on commercial inertial measurements units (IMUs) has been widely studied in the latter years as it is a cost-effective enabling technology for those applications in which motion tracking based on optical technologies is unsuitable. This measurement method has a high impact in human performance assessment and human-robot interaction. IMU motion tracking systems are indeed self-contained and wearable, allowing for long-lasting tracking of the user motion in situated environments. After a survey on IMU-based human tracking, five techniques for motion reconstruction were selected and compared to reconstruct a human arm motion. IMU based estimation was matched against motion tracking based on the Vicon marker-based motion tracking system considered as ground truth. Results show that all but one of the selected models perform similarly (about 35 mm average position estimation error).
Chang’E-5T Orbit Determination Using Onboard GPS Observations
Authors: Su Xing , Geng Tao , Li Wenwen , Zhao Qile , Xie Xin
Published: June 2017

In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has played an important role in Space Service Volume, the region enclosing the altitudes above 3000 km up to 36,000 km. As an in-flight test for the feasibility as well as for the performance of GNSS-based satellite orbit determination (OD), the Chinese experimental lunar mission Chang’E-5T had been equipped with an onboard high-sensitivity GNSS receiver with GPS and GLONASS tracking capability. In this contribution, the 2-h onboard GPS data are evaluated in terms of tracking performance as well as observation quality. It is indicated that the onboard receiver can track 7–8 GPS satellites per epoch on average and the ratio of carrier to noise spectral density (C/N0) values are higher than 28 dB-Hz for 90% of all the observables. The C1 code errors are generally about 4.15 m but can be better than 2 m with C/N0 values over 36 dB-Hz. GPS-based Chang’E-5T OD is performed and the Helmert variance component estimation method is investigated to determine the weights of code and carrier phase observations. The results reveal that the orbit consistency is about 20 m. OD is furthermore analyzed with GPS data screened out according to different C/N0 thresholds. It is indicated that for the Chang’E-5T, the precision of OD is dominated by the number of observed satellite. Although increased C/N0 thresholds can improve the overall data quality, the available number of GPS observations is greatly reduced and the resulting orbit solution is poor.
Mushrooming Communities: A Field Guide to Mycology in the Community Forests of Portugal
Authors: Serra Rita , Rodrigues Eugénia , García-Barrios Raúl
Published: June 2017

Forest community connections are crucial to ensure forest stewardship and sustainability. We explored the potential of mushrooming to enable such connections in contexts where these connections have been historically broken, alienating local people from forests. Taking the case of the recent devolution of a community forest (baldios) in central Portugal to the local population, we present a five-year pilot project to rework mycology from a mushroom-centered approach to a mushroom-in-baldios approach. Mushrooms were used as an entry-point to connect the forest ecology with the challenges of governance and community building. The devised activities provided an opportunity for people inside and outside the local community to adventure into the woods and find out more about their socio-ecological history, develop communal and convivial relationships and engage in the responsible gathering of wild mushrooms. However, the hosting of mushroomers to know, value and engage with the community forest recovery has constantly worked against the enclosure of mushrooms to provide marketable forms of leisure. The outcome of these activities depends on the relationships established between mushrooms, mycologists, local administrators, commoners and poachers, all operating within a framework that favors the eradication of resources instead of long-term relationships that sustain places.
An Evaluation of an Educational Video Game on Mathematics Achievement in First Grade Students
Authors: Hieftje Kimberly , Pendergrass Tyra , Kyriakides Tassos , Gilliam Walter , Fiellin Lynn
Published: June 2017

Development of early math skills is linked to future success in mathematics and other academics. Educational video games have been shown to promote academic achievement; however, few rigorous studies have evaluated the use of educational video games in supporting math development, especially in early primary education. In the current study, an open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 134 first grade students to determine, using standardized assessments, the impact of the educational mathematics tablet-based video game, Knowledge Battle, on math scores and self-competency. Overall, Knowledge Battle did improve math skills in participants who played the game. Among those with lower pre-game math skills, the Knowledge Battle group’s mean math score increased more than the control group’s mean math score (9.7 vs. 6.0; p = 0.02). There was no association between perceived sense of self-competency and total math score (p = 0.8141). However, players who had a higher sense of self-competency were more likely to enjoy playing the game. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Knowledge Battle was an acceptable and enjoyable educational mathematical video game for first grade students, and may be most impactful for those with low math skills.
Self-Censorship and Self-Fashioning: Gaps in Libanius’ Letter Collection
Authors: Van Hoof Lieve
Published: June 2017

Zelfcensuur en zelfpresentatie : Lacunes in Libanius’ Briefcollectie.

De brieven van Libanius dateren uit de jaren 355 tot 365 enerzijds, en 388 tot 393 anderzijds. Sinds de zestiger jaren wordt het ontbreken van brieven uit de tussenliggende jaren verklaard als een act van zelfcensuur : Libanius zou zijn briefarchief onderbroken hebben uit angst voor vijandige keizers. Dit artikel stelt een nieuwe interpretatie voor. In de eerste twee secties wordt aangetoond dat de argumenten die traditioneel worden aangehaald om de hypothese van zelfcensuur te staven geen steek houden, en dat die hypothese in het algemeen onhoudbaar is. De derde sectie houdt de lacune opnieuw tegen het licht : hoewel de manuscripten geenszins aanwijzingen bevatten dat er tussen brief 839 en brief 840 een chronologische sprong voorwaarts van meer dan twintig jaar plaats vindt, presenteren de eerste brieven uit de late periode zich niettemin duidelijk als een nieuw epistolair begin. De laatste sectie, ten slotte, argumenteert dat zelfpresentatie een minstens even belangrijke rol speelt als zelfcensuur : omdat de brieven uit de jaren 366 tot 387 niet alleen gericht waren aan minder luisterrijke adressaten maar ook controversiële onderwerpen uit de weg gingen – in die zin is er wel degelijk sprake van zelfcensuur – zouden zij het beeld van een zelfzekere, goed geconnecteerde persoonlijkheid dat Libanius in de rest van de collectie en in zijn Autobiografie ontwikkelt, onderuit hebben gehaald.
De omstreden benoeming van baron Eugène Beyens tot minister van Buitenlandse Zaken. Koning Albert en de crisis van de Belgische oorlogsregering in 1915
Authors: Gérard Emmanuel
Published: June 2017

Op 26 juli 1915 werd baron Eugène Beyens benoemd aan het hoofd van de Belgische diplomatie. Zowel de persoon van Beyens, die als een lid van de oppositie werd beschouwd, als het statuut waarin hij werd benoemd, vormde de inzet van een conflict tussen koning Albert en het katholieke kabinet. Albert eiste dat Beyens als “ minister van staat” werd belast met het interim op Buitenlandse Zaken. Op die manier omzeilde hij zijn belofte om het katholieke kabinet voor de duur van de oorlog ongewijzigd te laten, en belette hij tegelijk dat Charles de Broqueville, de kabinetschef, een te grote machtspositie zou verwerven. Het incident was symptomatisch voor de crisis van de regering na één jaar oorlog. Toen bleek dat Beyens als minister van staat geen effectieve regeringsverantwoordelijkheid kon uitoefenen, legden alle spelers zich neer bij een retroactieve regularisering. Beyens werd op 28 augustus 1915 tot “ lid van de ministerraad” benoemd met een besluit gedateerd op 30 juli.
Lokaal geheugen: de sociale herinnering aan de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Vlaanderen
Authors: Wouters Nico
Published: June 2017

Dit artikel wil een alternatief bieden voor de canonieke geschiedschrijving over de oorlogsherinnering in Vlaanderen en België. Deze geschiedschrijving is overwegend gebaseerd op geheugenconstructies door elites en hanteert ook vaak strikte politieke onderverdelingen (katholiek vs. vrijzinnig, Vlaams vs. Waals). Aan de hand van 197 interviews over de thema’s collaboratie, verzet, lokaal bestuur en naoorlogse repressie wordt oorlogsherinnering ‘ van onderuit’ bekeken. Uit de resultaten blijkt hoe sterk de herinnering bepaald wordt door de lokale sociale netwerken. Deze herinneringen staan voor een groot deel los van (wetenschappelijke) geschiedschrijving en nationale herinnering. De lokale verankering verklaart deels de grootste verrassing van dit onderzoek : de grote eenvormigheid van de beeldvormingen over de verschillende ideologische grenzen heen. Het artikel is wat dat betreft ook een oproep tot meer onderzoek over de sociale verankering van oorlogsherinneringen in België over de taalgrens heen.
Geheugenconstructie in mondelinge geschiedenis. De casus van de dronken dokwerker
Authors: Weber Donald
Published: June 2017

The construction of memories in oral history. The case of the ‘ drunken docker’.

The representation of port workers in our society is dominated by its association with excessive alcohol consumption. In this article we analyze how the positions of the various actors in the narrative process have affected the historical construction of the drunken docker. At a methodological level it is emphasized that oral history is at the same height as other sources. The text opposes the use of transcripts, and advocates replacing mere sound recordings with video recordings. At the analytical level the importance is emphasized of considering the interview as a dynamic growth process between the interviewer(s) and the respondent(s). The case study shows how delicate memory construction can be. A number of port workers involved oppose the wording of this historic practice, but their attempts to exert pressure are unsuccessful. At the same time an even bigger problem is found unexpectedly. The popular imaging showed a huge influence and has affected the way in which the researcher has drawn the narrative representation.
Le sang de Mérovée. “Préhistoire” de la dynastie et du royaume mérovingiens
Authors: Renard Étienne
Published: June 2017

Merovech’s Blood. «Prehistory » of the Merovingian Dynasty and Kingdom

When they deal with the origins of the Merovingian dynasty and the establishment of their kingdom, modern historians have primarily based themselves on the “ Histories” of Gregory of Tours, though he wrote more than one century after the events and had a very uneven knowledge of said history. Reviewing all available evidence, this paper places particular emphasis on the value of two royal genealogies : Much neglected by historians, they allow us to draw up a new pedigree of Childeric’s ancestors, which seems much more satisfactory than the existing ones. Together with other data, these genealogies speak in favour of the birth of a “ Salian” or “ pre-Merovingian” regnum under the control of the Frank Chlodio in the late 420s or early 430s, with the support of laeti communities already settled in the civitates of Tongeren, Cambrai and Tournai. It is plausible that this kingdom, which Childeric was to inherit, was not the ineluctable consequence of a progressive occupation of these lands by Frankish populations coming from Toxandria or from across the Rhine, but the outcome of a seizure of power by barbarian soldiers in a dying Empire.
La formation de l’identité étudiante sous la Troisième République et les obsèques de Jules Michelet
Authors: Creyghton Camille
Published: June 2017

Student Identity Formation in the Third Republic and the Public Burial of Jules Michelet

On 18 May 1876, two years after his death, Michelet was buried on the Père Lachaise graveyard. This occasion attracted a large crowd and several republican leaders. Two months beforehand, the republicans had won important elections, a context that gave this burial the character of a victory celebration. However, the largest group of the attendance were the students of the Quartier latin. This paper will show that this public burial was the first large student manifestation in Paris since 1848. With the use of recent theories of the field of cultural memory studies, it will be argued that this occasion permitted the students to constitute themselves already as a group with its own identity when the organization of the university still impeded such an identity formation.
Transnational Brokering. The Case for Symbolism and Surrealism in Flanders
Authors: Verbruggen Christophe , Vandevoorde Hans
Published: June 2017

Transgenerationele bemiddeling. Het geval van symbolisme en surrealisme in Vlaanderen

In de zelfdefinitie van schrijvers en literaire critici worden literaire ‘ generaties’ en ‘ bewegingen’ niet zelden als synoniemen gebruikt. In deze bijdrage gaan we dieper in op de theorievorming rond literaire generaties en het fenomeen van de transgenerationele bemiddeling. Uitgaande van de casussen van het symbolisme en surrealisme in het algemeen en P. G. (Gust) van Hecke (1887-1967) en Marc. Eemans (1907-1997) in het bijzonder, ontwikkelen we de these dat bij de studie van literaire bewegingen de bemiddelaars die de grenzen in tijd (generaties), taal (Frans en Nederlands) en ruimte (België) overstijgen al te vaak buiten het gezichtsveld blijven. Maar door net te focussen op culturele brokers als van Hecke en Eemans is het mogelijk de gangbare geschiedschrijving van het surrealisme in het Nederlandse en Franse taalgebied te retoucheren.
Mothers of the Matrix. Intercultural Transfer Activities of Henriette Roland Holst and Marie Elisabeth Belpaire
Authors: Man Dorien de K.
Published: June 2017

This article studies the relations maintained between Henriette Roland Holst and Marie Elisabeth Belpaire and points out how the more private nature of their correspondence conveys new discursive images different from the ‘ prior ethos’ imposed on these women by the institutionalized and social gender conventions. The network of people they both knew or introduced to each other, how they managed that and why on the one hand, and their poetics and reading on the other, show us two women who travelled way beyond the literary and social borders they were confined to. By following the actors, by studying networks from the inside and focusing on the process instead of the product, we can highlight the tensions and struggles in social relationships between persons who have differential access to resources, the strategies they use to stir this imbalance and the creative, situational and thus unpredictable character of cultural transfer.
Development and Change of the Concept of Hybrid War
Authors: Stojar Richard
Published: June 2017

The aim of the paper is description and analysis of the transformation of the concept of hybrid war. The Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014 meant principal re-definition of the concept which is reflected in the contemporary views on the hybrid wars and hybrid threats. The concept of hybrid war had been questioned in the past already as his validity and the efforts to be applied on the past conflicts deformed its innovative content. One could argue, that adding new dimensions and topic such as economic factors, ideological activity etc. brings risk of concept´s expansion which goes far behind of the framework of the phenomenon of the war and the use of armed forces in the armed conflicts. The author draws attention to the fact that the definition of hybrid war tends to be subordinate to the current needs, which in turn only hinders their explanation potential.
Mise en place d’une expérience avec le grand public : entre recherche, vulgarisation et pédagogie
Authors: Lohéac Youenn , Hayyan Alia , Bazart Cécile , Bchir Mohamed Ali , Blondel Serge , Bonescu Mihaela , Bornier Alexandrine , Brouard Joëlle , Chappe Nathalie , Cochard François , Flage Alexandre , Galeotti Fabio , Hollandts Xavier , Jacquemet Nicolas , Le Lec Fabrice , Lefebvre Marianne , Leplat Mélody , Peterle Emmanuel , Petit Emmanuel , Rozan Anne , Villeval Marie Claire , Willinger Marc , Zylbersztejn Adam , Sutan Angela , Hopfensitz Astrid , Peron Guillaume , Mantilla Cesar , Mateu Guillermo , Rosaz Julie , Raiber Eva , Tisserand Jean-Christian
Published: June 2017

Nous présentons la mise en place d’une expérience lors d’un événement grand public national, de manière simultanée dans onze villes françaises, en septembre 2015. L’expérience a impliqué plus de 2 700 participants et a duré quatre heures ininterrompues. L’objectif de cet article est à la fois de fournir une feuille de route pour une éventuelle réplication et de penser à la manière dont la discipline peut être utilisée dans des terrains nouveaux (vulgarisation, pédagogie populaire, communication grand public).
Une nouvelle approche expérimentale pour tester les modèles quantiques de l’erreur de conjonction
Authors: Duchêne Sébastien , Boyer-Kassem Thomas , Guerci Eric
Published: June 2017

La théorie classique des probabilités requiert que la probabilité de la conjonction de deux événements soit inférieure à la probabilité d’un des événements seul. Or les sujets ne jugent empiriquement pas toujours ainsi : c’est la traditionnelle erreur de conjonction. L’une des explications actuellement prometteuses de ce paradoxe repose sur des modèles dits quantiques, développés à partir des outils mathématiques de la mécanique quantique. Mais ces modèles sont-ils empiriquement adéquats ? Quelles versions de ces modèles peuvent être employées ? En particulier, les versions les plus simples, dites non dégénérées, peuvent-elles être suffisantes ? Nous proposons ici un protocole expérimental original pour tester en laboratoire les modèles quantiques de l’erreur de conjonction. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les modèles non dégénérés ne sont pas empiriquement adéquats, et que la recherche future concernant les modèles quantiques devrait s’orienter vers les modèles dégénérés.
Research on Smart Park Information System Design Based on Wireless Internet of Things
Authors: Du Meiyan
Published: June 2017

The purpose is to construct smart park platform by using the Internet of Things technology, to realize the access of intelligent systems and equipment within park, and to effectively coordinate the various systems in the park. Taking advantage of the key technologies of Internet of Things and cloud computing, smart park information hardware architecture and technical solutions are put forward, the sensor and wireless Internet of Things are applied to realize the system. The experimental results showed that the system realizes the information sharing, exchange and fusion between the various sensing subsystems, and solves the information islands phenomenon that existed in the past. In conclusion, this system can meet the actual needs of smart park, and provides a certain reference for similar park construction.
Acute Crises and Complications of Sickle Cell Anemia among Patients Attending a Pediatric Tertiary Unit in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Aloni Michel Ntetani , Kadima Bertin Tshimanga , Ekulu Pépé Mfutu , Budiongo Aléine Nzazi , Ngiyulu René Makuala , Gini-Ehungu Jean Lambert
Published: June 2017

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the incidence of sickle cell anemia (SCA) is estimated to affect 30,000 to 40,000 neonates per year. However, there is paucity of data on acute clinical manifestations in sickle cell children. In these circumstances, it is difficult to develop a health care policy for an adequate management of sickle cell patients. This was a seven years’ retrospective study of children admitted with acute sickle cell crisis in the Department of Pediatrics in University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. A total of 108 patients were identified as having SCA. There were 56 (51%) girls and 52 (49%) boys. Median age was 10.5 years (range 1–24 years). No child was diagnosed by neonatal screening. The median age of diagnosis of sickle cell anemia was 90 months (range: 8–250 months). The median age at the first transfusion was 36 months (range 4–168). In this series, 61 (56.5%) patients were eligible for hydroxyurea. However, this treatment was only performed in 4 (6.6%) of them. Pain episodes, acute anemic crisis and severe infection represent respectively 38.2%, 34.3% and 21.9% of events. Altered sensorium and focal deficit were encountered occasionally and represented 3.4% of acute events. Acute renal manifestations, cholelithiasis and priapism were rarely reported, in this cohort. In Kinshasa, the care of patients suffering from sickle cell anemia is characterized by the delayed diagnosis and low detection of organ complications compared to reports of Western countries. This situation is due to resources deficiencies.
Report on the 45th International Symposium: Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering, 21st-24th February 2017, Opatija, Croatia
Authors: Kovacev Igor , De Wrachien Daniele
Published: June 2017

The 45th International Symposium Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering was held on 21st-24th February 2017 in Grand Hotel Adriatic Opatija, Republic of Croatia. The principle Organiser, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb was supported by the following frameworks: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek; Department of Bio-systems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Life-sciences, University of Maribor (Slovenia); Agricultural Institute of Slovenia; Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bucharest and Croatian Agricultural Engineering Society. In addition, CIGR, EurAgEng, AAAE and ASABE bestowed their support and endorsement on the Event.
The quality of nursing documentation in some private and provincial hospitals in the Cape Peninsula and the PWV-area
Authors: Booyens Susanne W. , Uys Leana R.
Published: June 2017

An investigation was undertaken with the aim o f establishing standards for the documentation o f nursing care. Nursing care records in the medical and surgical units o f private and general hospitals in the PWV-area and the Cape Peninsula were audited. A considerable number o f deficiencies were identified in the daily record keeping o f nursing care.
Die Onsigbare en die Sigbare Kerk
Authors: Engelbrecht S. P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Neergedaal na die Hel
Authors: Engelbrecht J. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Geskiedkundige en die Geskiedenis
Authors: Dreyer P. S.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Doopgetuie
Authors: De Wet J. I.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die verkrummeling van die Augustiniaanse paradigma in die teologie? ‘n Kritiese bespreking van Cornelis Blom se boek Zonder grond onder de voeten
Authors: Spangenberg Izak J.J.
Published: June 2017

The crumbling of the Augustinian paradigm of theology? A critical discussion of Cornelis Blom’s book Zonder grond onder de voeten The book Zonder grond onder de voeten (i.e. Without any foundation) is the published doctoral thesis which Cornelis Blom submitted at the Free University of Amsterdam. It focuses on evil in creation, and addresses the question: Who is responsible – God or humans? Christian theologians used to conclude (after reading Genesis 1–3) that humans are responsible. Blom, however, takes his cue from the book of Job, and comes to a totally different conclusion. According to his reading of Job and Genesis 1–4, there was no ‘fall’ from a perfect world. Evil existed right from the beginning, and God did not banish it from the world in which humans have to live. The article raises a number of questions concerning Blom’s approach, analyses and conclusions.
Hoofstuk 1 - Die aanloop 1909−1916
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: June 2017

Na sporadiese bespreking en gedagtevorming oor die jare 1884−1908, begin die moontlikheid van ‘n eie opleiding van predikante vir die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk vorm kry. Gebrekkige onderwysfasiliteite in die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, die Engelse Oorlog en die armoede van lidmate van die Kerk ná die oorlog strem die proses. Danksy veral die figure A.D.W. Wolmarans, Jac van Belkun en H.C.M. Fourie kom daar uiteindelik koers.
Hoofstuk 3 - Twee afdelings van een fakulteit 1934−1940
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: June 2017

Die Universiteit benoem op voordrag van die Nederduitsch Hervormde of Gereformeerde Kerk vir dominee G.M. Pellisier in die pos Godsdienswetenskap wat deur die bedanking van professor Macmillan vakant gelaat is. Dit word die begin van ‘n ontwikkeling van twee feitlik selfstandige afdelings binne die Fakulteit Teologie. Die toetrede van H.P. Wolmarans as vierde dosent vanweë die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk bring nuwe teologiese aksente. Die verhouding tussen die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk en die Universiteit kry beslag in ‘n skriftelike kontrak. In 1937 word dit gevolg deur ‘n tweede kontrak waarin die ruimte geskep word vir die bestaan van twee fakulteitsafdelings. Vanaf 1938 funksioneer die twee afdelings naas mekaar met gelykluidende kontrakte. Hierdie kroniek volg dan verder die gang van Afdeling A, die afdeling beman deur ampsdraers van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk. Die benoeming as lektore van A. van Selms in 1938 en C.H. Rautenbach in 1939 verhoog die akademiese kwaliteit van die afdeling verder.
Recurrent drought in the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality of the North West Province in South Africa: An environmental justice perspective
Authors: Van Riet Gideon
Published: June 2017

This article adopts an environmental justice approach to recurrent drought in the North-West Province of South Africa. It is based on a secondary data analysis of a study – of which the author was a research team member – conducted in the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality in February 2007, which assessed the impact of drought on older people. The methodology used during the initial study included observation, individual interviews, focus group interviews and participatory research. The author of the present article suggests, however, that discourses of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and ’legislative compliance’, as in many other South African contexts, have not yet been a particularly useful framing for issues of disaster and drought. The author suggests that environmental justice discourses might offer a more useful framing or conceptualisation for those concerned with the issue of recurrent drought in the study area or similar contexts.
Research objectives in South African national parks
Authors: Pienaar U. De V
Published: June 2017

The primary purpose of any national park service in administering natural areas is to maintain an area’s ecosystems in as nearly pristine a condition as possible. This means that ecological processes, including plant succession and the natural regulation of animal numbers, should be permitted to proceed as far as possible as they did under pristine conditions, and that modern man must be restricted to generally non-consumptive uses of these areas (Houston 1971).
Problems and progress in nature conservation in Rhodesia
Authors: Child G.F.T.
Published: June 2017

The conflicting emotions generated around the aesthetic qualities of wildlife and its pragmatic use as a resource are a feature of human societies stretching into antiquity. On the one hand it has been, and remains, the subject of much folklore and art in societies extending from the Stone Age to the Technological Age. On the other, hunting for the necessities of life, and more recently for recreation, goes very deep into the history of the human race.
The status of nature conservation in the developing territories of south and south west Africa
Authors: De Beer M.J.
Published: June 2017

Comments on the status of nature conservation in an area require an evaluation of progress. Apart from ad hoc nature conservation actions taken in the past by the agricultural and administrative staff of the Department of Bantu Administration and Development (hereafter called the Department) and of the governments of the various developing territories, or homelands, the more formal and specialised nature conservation action by these bodies started almost exactly three years.
An investigation of Pierre de Wet’s role in the Afrikaans film industry using social network analysis (SNA)
Authors: Senekal Burgert A.
Published: June 2017

Although the film industry – like the literary system – can be described as a cultural system or field, systems theory remains largely unexplored in South African film studies, as does the more recent network theory. Systems theory and network theory both emphasise the relationships of an entity within a larger context, arguing that an entity should be studied within the relationships in which it functions. Recently, researchers have suggested that network theory can be integrated with polysystem theory to study the interactions between entities in the literary system. This article illustrates the potential of using social network analysis (SNA) as an investigative tool to identify and describe the role of an entity within the context of the film industry by focusing on one of the seminal Afrikaans film makers: Pierre de Wet. Pierre de Wet has been intricately involved with the beginnings of the Afrikaans film industry, collaborating with, amongst others, some of the most prolific film editors, producers,cinematographers and music composers. His major collaborators are highlighted as well as his central position in the Afrikaans film industry, taking into account the entire Afrikaans film industry from its origin to the contemporary period. The article also makes suggestions for further research.
Writing back to colonialism, again: The novel The Chimurenga Protocol and the ‘new’ resistance literary culture in post-2000 Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyambi Oliver
Published: June 2017

Some contemporary Zimbabwean literature demonstrates a discernible resistance thread. These literary works create fictional life-worlds in which the ambivalence of colonial land and economic injustices are exposed as potentially mutating and threatening the independent nation. In this way, such works validate ‘nationalist’ corrective measures through inserting a narrative that implicitly refers back to past colonial imbalances. In the choreographed discourses of national sovereignty that characterise the Third Chimurenga – epitomised by Mugabe’s book Inside the Third Chimurenga – there are perceived dangers from infiltrating forces which pose a threat to the nation’s sovereignty. Britain’s refusal to fund land reform in Zimbabwe is viewed as an implicit declaration of that country’s intention to derail the Zimbabwean people’s movement towards total independence and the ‘fast track land reform’ of the Third Chimurenga. The anti-Britain campaign is inextricably linked to the land question. The cultural sphere (especially its literary, theatrical and musical dimensions) in Zimbabwe’s recent past has been faced with the political urgency of (re)defining the land question. Literary texts such as Nyaradzo Mtizira’s novel The Chimurenga Protocol, theatre performances such as Christopher Mlalazi’s ‘Election Day’ and musical compositions by the war veteran singer Dickson Chingaira are some of the artistic productions that reveal conflicting perspectives on the land and its significance in the people’s search for selfdetermination and national identity. Using the example of Nyaradzo Mtizira’s novel The Chimurenga Protocol, this article argues that whilst many Zimbabwean writers published in the post-2000 period have attempted to imagine ‘alternative’ national identities, the text’s anti-West thematic and aesthetic texture resonates with the state’s post-2000 ideological grand narratives of the nation and can therefore be read as the newest form of resistance literature in Zimbabwe’s postcolonial literary oeuvre.
Existence and essence in Venda oral literature
Authors: Kruger Jaco , Verhoef Anné
Published: June 2017

This article analyses two Venda ngano narratives that portray coming-of-age experiences. Viewed in juxtaposition, they express the radical shift from premodern modes of material and symbolic production to the reified consciousness of capitalist relations. This shift implicates the rootedness of local world views and global market forces within colonial and Western history, as well as contemporary political and economic conditions. The first narrative accordingly describes a classic rite of passage towards adulthood and citizenship within an ancient, precolonial world. Its protagonist is the culture hero whose society prioritises qualities and ideals like spirituality and social integration. In contrast, the second story is located in the colonial world. Its young hero migrates from his rural village to the city, and his adventure is an embryonic representation of the sociopolitical and racial dynamics of the colonial encounter. His actions evolve within a modernist world view, specifically a rational materialism driven by a teleology of progress that conceives economic organisation as the mediator of social relationships and personal fulfilment. The engagement of these diverse world views with history is explored from a perspective that aligns the ancient Venda concept of zwivhuya with Fromm’s notion of qualitative freedom, of actualisation in all realms of human experience and of transcendence in all forms. The resplendent materiality presented in the second narrative is accordingly argued to conceal a spectre of fear and incomplete selfawareness. This poses a dilemma that speaks to all humanity, namely the need to transform the actual poverty of reified materiality into the wealth of an integrated world.