bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Application of Automation Technology in Logistics and Its Effect on E-Commerce
Authors: Amiruddin Brilian Putra , Romdhony Denisse Rochmad
Published: April 2020

Since the world transformed into the digital era, e-commerce is the real thing to concern for everyone, not only limited to the business people but also for people who want to buy something without hassle. Furthermore, as an estimation global retail e-commerce sales almost grow doubled in range of three years from US\$ 1.3 trillion in 2014 to US\$ 2.3 trillion in 2017 and this growth trend will still last until the future. However, this trend demands innovative solutions, applying automation technology to e-commerce logistics is one of the solutions which significant to the future of e-commerce. Based on that, this study principally talks about the real-world implementation example of automation technology in logistics as well discuss the effects that will be faced by e-commerce towards using the automation technology in logistics so the e-commerce industry will be ready for facing future disruption.
Examining Teacher Recruitment Strategies in England
Authors: Klassen Robert , Bardach Lisa , Rushby Jade , Durksen Tracy Lyn
Published: April 2020

Teachers around the world are in short supply; in England teacher shortages have been labeled a ‘catastrophe’. For national education systems, the goal of an effective teacher recruitment strategy is not simply to attract more applicants, but to attract high quality applicants who are well-suited to teaching and are likely to remain in the profession. The goal of this article is to examine teacher recruitment strategies in England and to propose ways to improve these strategies. We begin by reviewing personnel recruitment theories and research from education and related fields. Next, we analyse publicly available teacher recruitment strategies and messages from two key education organisations in England. We then compare teacher recruitment strategies with strategies and models developed in health professions (as presented by the National Health Service [NHS]). We conclude by proposing how teacher recruitment strategies in England could be more strongly grounded in relevant theoretical and empirical work.
A Primer on Bayesian Model-Averaged Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gronau Quentin Frederik , Heck Daniel W. , Berkhout Sophie Wilhelmina , Haaf Julia M. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: April 2020

Meta-analysis is the predominant approach for quantitatively synthesizing a set of studies. If the studies themselves are of high quality, meta-analysis can provide valuable insights into the current scientific state of knowledge about a particular phenomenon. In psychological science, the most common approach is to conduct frequentist meta-analysis. In this primer, we discuss an alternative method, Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis. This procedure combines the results of four Bayesian meta-analysis models: (1) fixed-effect null hypothesis, (2) fixed-effect alternative hypothesis, (3) random-effects null hypothesis, and (4) random-effects alternative hypothesis. These models are combined according to their plausibilities in light of the observed data to address the two key questions "Is the overall effect non-zero?" and "Is there between-study variability in effect size?". Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis therefore avoids the need to select either a fixed-effect or random-effects model and instead takes into account model uncertainty in a principled manner.
Studying behaviour change mechanisms under complexity
Authors: Heino Matti Toivo Juhani , Knittle Keegan Phillip , Noone Chris , Hasselman Fred , Hankonen Nelli
Published: April 2020

PUBLISHED PAPER OPEN ACCESS: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11050077 Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of behaviour change interventions is vital for accumulating valid scientific evidence, and useful to informing practice and policy-making across multiple domains. Traditional approaches to such evaluations have applied study designs and statistical models, which implicitly assume that change is linear, constant and caused by independent influences on behaviour (such as behaviour change techniques). This article illustrates limitations of these standard tools, and considers the benefits of adopting a complex adaptive systems approach to behaviour change research. It 1) outlines the complexity of behaviours and behaviour change interventions, 2) introduces readers to some key features of complex systems and how these relate to human behaviour change, and 3) provides suggestions for how researchers can better account for implications of complexity in analysing change mechanisms. We focus on three common features of complex systems (i.e. interconnectedness, non-ergodicity and non-linearity), and introduce Recurrence Analysis, a method for nonlinear time series analysis which is able to quantify complex dynamics. The supplemental website (https://git.io/Jffrm) provides exemplifying code and data for practical analysis applications. The complex adaptive systems approach can complement traditional investigations by opening up novel avenues for understanding and theorising about the dynamics of behaviour change.
Elevated depression and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lebel Catherine , MacKinnon Anna , Bagshawe Mercedes , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Giesbrecht Gerald
Published: April 2020

Mental health problems are common in pregnancy, typically affecting between 10-25% of pregnant individuals. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can negatively impact both the pregnant individual and developing fetus. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a unique stressor with potentially wide-ranging consequences for pregnancy and beyond. We assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression among pregnant individuals during the current COVID-19 pandemic and determined factors that were associated with psychological distress. 1987 pregnant participants were surveyed across Canada in April 2020. The assessment included questions about COVID-19-related stress and standardized measures of depression, anxiety, pregnancy-related anxiety, sleep and social support. We found substantially elevated psychological distress compared to similar pre-pandemic pregnancy cohorts, with 37% reporting clinically relevant symptoms of depression, 57% reporting clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety, and 68% reporting elevated pregnancy-related anxiety. Higher levels of social support and longer sleep duration were associated with lower psychological symptoms across domains. This study shows concerningly elevated levels of psychological distress among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, that may have long-term impacts on their children. Potential intervention targets are needed in addition to improving protective factors related to increased social support and sleep -- these should be urgently considered to mitigate long-term negative outcomes.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Written Feedback in Writing Tasks among Upper Secondary School Pupils
Authors: Hafsha Aixa
Published: April 2020

This research is a study on the feedback received among upper secondary school pupils on their writing tasks in school. As it is known, English is the second language taught in schools in Malaysia. Among the four skills taught in the English classroom, the writing skill is said to be one of the most difficult skills to be acquired. There are many methods and strategies that have been carried out by teachers and pupils to make acquiring this skill easy. Giving feedback to pupils’ writing task has been one of the methods used to teach writing effectively. However, this skill continues to be the most difficult and the most time consuming skill to be taught and learned. Therefore, a study was carried out among 30 pupils of SMK Abdul Rahman Talib to examine the types of feedback received by secondary school pupils and the perception of pupils towards the feedback they received. Questionnaires were distributed to pupils which consist of four sections. Respondents were required to answer all sections. The data was analysed using SPSS. Based on the data collected, the results clearly showed that the feedback received by pupils helped them improve their writing skills. Thus, this study has proven that giving feedback in writing tasks is essential for pupils and it can make the teaching and learning of the writing skill easier to be carried out. Therefore, teachers have to practice giving written feedback in pupils’ writing tasks.
Patterns, Mathematics, Early Literacy, and Executive Functions
Authors: Hafsha Aixa
Published: April 2020

In the fall, kindergartners from 21 classrooms in four urban schools were randomly formed into trios and taught either mathematics or early literacy or social studies, or six types of complex patterns. Measures of mathematics, early literacy, executive functions (EF), and understanding of complex patterns were collected in late spring. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the early literacy measures, one measure of inhibition, and both mathematics measures comprised one factor. Another inhibition measure, cognitive flexibility, working memory, patterning, and the computation mathematics measure comprised another factor. The correlations obtained and the factor analysis distinguish the cognitive and achievement measures and show the relations between them.
Several Issues on “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng”
Authors: Hafsha Aixa
Published: April 2020

An education and teaching reform called “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng” is rising and booming in Chinese higher education to incorporate ideological & political education into all courses. “Ke-Cheng” means courses, “Si-Zheng” means ideological & political education. “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng” means that, all courses shall carry ideological & political education, and ideological & political education shall be embodied in all courses. The reform aims at establishing a comprehensive three-dimensional system of ideological & political education with all staff, whole process and all courses involved in. “Si-Zheng Ke-Cheng” (meaning ideological & political theoretical courses) carries out explicit ideological & political education using clear-cut instruction, while other courses carry out implicit ideological & political education in the form of recessive penetration to embody, digest and sublimate what the former has done. All kinds of courses shall go in the same direction as the “Si-Zheng Ke-Cheng” concerning ideological & political education, and a synergistic effect shall be realized. This paper discusses on the connotation of “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng”, the relationship between “Si-Zheng Ke-Cheng” and “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng”, and several issues for keeping the right direction of “Ke-Cheng Si-Zheng” reform.
Development of Mathematics Learning Tools by Implementing Numbered Head Together Type Cooperative Models to Improve Students' Mathematical Understanding Ability in Matrix Topic
Authors: Zahara Evi , Murni Atma , Hutapea Nahor Murani
Published: April 2020

Students' mathematical understanding ability in Matrix material of Senior High Schools is still low. This is due to students being less active in learning, teaching materials are still limited and in learning teachers are more accustomed to presenting formulas instantly. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective learning tool by implementing a cooperative model of Numbered Head Together (NHT) to improve students' mathematical understanding abilities in the Matrix Class XI material. The development model used was the Borg and Gall model. Data collection instruments used in this study were interview guides, questionnaires, and tests. The average validation results for RPP is 3.81 and for LKPD is 3.84 with a very valid category. Limited testing of 15 students obtained 91.22% percentage of student responses categorized as very practical. Field trials on 25 students obtained a percentage of the response of students 90.20% categorized as very practical. The results of the effectiveness test indicate that the students' mathematical understanding ability is increasing.
The Effect of SSCS Learning Model on the Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of Junior High School Students, Kampar Regency
Authors: Syafri Muhammad , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: April 2020

Problem solving ability is a very important ability possessed by students in solving school mathematics problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the mathematical problem solving ability of students who use the Search, Solve, Create and Share (SSCS) learning model and the students who study with conventional learning. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a non equivalent control group design. The subjects in this study were all Kampar Junior High School students. The analysis technique used was the One-Way Anova Test and Two-Way Anova Test. The results showed the mathematical problem solving ability of students who learned to use the SSCS model was better than students who learned to use conventional learning models. However, there is no interaction observed between SSCS learning model and students mathematical problem solving ability (KPMM) level on students' mathematical problem solving abilities in Kampar Regency
Implementation of Oriented Literated Science E-Module to Improve Critical Skills Thinking About in Hydrocarbon Material
Authors: Oktari Bella , Susilawati Susilawati , Copriady Jimmi
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the increase in students critical thinking skills after using e-modules oriented towards scientific literacy. This research is a quasi-experimental study using the Design Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest. The research sample consisted of 2 classes, namely class XI MIA 8 and XI MIA 10. The analysis results using the independent sample t-test obtained that a significance value of 0.026 <0.05. The results of the analysis of critical thinking skills test data using the N-gain score test for the experimental class obtained a value of 77.2% including the very high category. While the average N-gain score for the control class obtained a value of 55.2% included in the medium category. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in students critical thinking skills in the experimental class with the control class.
The Pascal’s Law of Physics Applied to Build a Reuse Material Robotic as Effective Physics Leaning Media
Authors: Taksapattanakul Korn , Puteh Arom , Arun Ahamad , Saengwiman Suchada
Published: April 2020

The Pascal’s law is a part of physics subject which difficult for students to imagine and understand. Therefore, the aim of this work is to help the students to easily understand the Pascal’s law via studying the effect of fluid volume on movement joint mechanisms degree and applying to build a reuse material robotic as effective physics leaning media. The process start with teaching the students about the Pascal’s law. After that, encouraged the students to test the effect of fluid volume to each joint movement. Finally, they can assemble each component to build a movement robot. It was found that the students can understand the Pascal’s law after studied and analyzed the effect of fluid volume on join movement of each part of the robot. This knowledge helped student to build a robot that can successfully move by the Pascal’s law. Thus, this leaning media is an important development leaning skill of students about the Pascal’s law in physics.
Hydranencephaly: Insights into Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Sedain Gopal , Rajbhandari Binod
Published: April 2020

Hydranencephaly is a rare and severe form of congenital disorder in which there is absence of cerebral cortex which is replaced by fluid. The presentation is in the form of hydrocephalus and developmental delay. There are various reports on possible etiopathogenesis and management. However, the overall prognosis is grim and clinicians especially in low and middle-income countries like Nepal often face a clinical judgement dilemma regarding management options to offer to the patient family. The ethical issue whether to offer cerebrospinal fluid diversion or not is always there. This review is aimed at discussing the various aspects of management of this pediatric neurosurgical problem.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Yazılı Anlatımlarındaki İmla Hataları
Authors: KEMİKSİZ Ömer
Published: April 2020

Yazılı anlatımda başarılı olmak, ifade gücünün yanında imla ve noktalama gibi biçim özelliklerine dikkat etmeye de bağlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının yazılı anlatımlarında yaptıkları imla hatalarını tespit etmektir. 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın katılımcılarını Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinin İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenliği, Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği ve Türkçe Öğretmenliği Programlarının 1. sınıfına kayıtlı 160 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Tarama modelindeki araştırmanın bulguları içerik analizi ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre Türkçe Öğretmenliği Programındaki katılımcıların diğer programlardaki katılımcılara göre; kız öğrencilerin de erkek öğrencilere göre imla kurallarını uygulama konusunda daha başarılı oldukları belirlenmiştir.  Öğretmen adayları tarafından yapılan imla hataları bağlaçlar, ayırıcı işaretler, kelimeler, harfler, ses olayları, ekler ve hecelere ayırma şeklinde yedi kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılar tarafından en fazla yapılan yanlışların bağlaçlar, ayırıcı işaretler, kelimeler ve harfler kategorilerine ait olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmada ulaşılan sonuçlar tablo ve grafikler yardımıyla sunulmuştur. Öğretmen adaylarının imla hatalarını gösteren cümle örneklerine bulgular kısmında yer verilmiştir.
«Друге крило» шістдесятників як смілива опозиція штучному соціалістичному реалізмові
Authors: Matsko Vitalii
Published: April 2020

У статті простудійовано окремі поезії «другого крила» шістдесятників, його репрезентантів В. Стуса, В. Михайличенка, Б. Мамайсура. В історію поезії другої половини ХХ століття вони увійшли як поети-новатори, які сміливо зверталися до нових форм, засобів висловлення. Поети своєю художньою практикою розхитували ті важелі радянської літератури, які культивували позатрагедійність тоталітарної системи, пропагували класовий антагонізм, гостру боротьбу з інакодумцями, ставили матеріалістичне знання, партійні інтереси вище загальнолюдських, безпідставно актуалізували повне благополуччя і радянської людини, і світопорядку. Доведено, що своєю художньою практикою шістдесятники прагнули розірвати ідеологічно-компартійний ланцюг, який сковував літературний процес рамками соцреалізму, а письменників робив полоненими політики, пануючих стереотипів у мистецтві. З’ясовано, що відхилена поезія шістдесятників від строгої моделі соціалістичного реалізму, від стилістичних традицій спроектовувалась у русло образно асоціативного, модерного мислення, що було характерною рисою їхнього творчого методу. Винесена у заголовок тема нашої статті є спробою виявити нові грані поетичної майстерності українських поетів-шістдесятників, вказати на особливості їхнього художнього світу, що сприймався антитетично до тих творів, які були написані за нормами і правилами соціалістичного реалізму.
Феномен кроскультурного роману в постколоніальному дискурсі
Authors: Slonevska Iryna
Published: April 2020

У статті розглядаються особливості кроскультурного роману у постколоніальному дискурсі. Акцентується увага на дослідженнях, які утворили засади для осмислення феномену постколоніалізму сучасною гуманітаристикою. У зазначеному контексті аналізується сучасний кроскультурний роман та виокремлюються його провідні особливості: «межова ідентичність», гібридність, амбівалентність тощо. Творчість Дж. Кутзеє, С. Рушді, К. Ісігуро характеризується як художня репрезентація так званої «порубіжної свідомості», що є основою кроскультурного світогляду.
A Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Diseases
Authors: Azimi Parisa , Yazdanian Taravat , Benzel Edward C. , Aghaei Hossein Nayeb , Azhari Shirzad , Sadeghi Sohrab , Montazeri Ali
Published: April 2020

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in a wide variety of real-world applications and it emerges as a promising field across various branches of medicine. This review aims to identify the role of ANNs in spinal diseases. Literature were searched from electronic databases of Scopus and Medline from 1993 to 2020 with English publications reported on the application of ANNs in spinal diseases. The search strategy was set as the combinations of the following keywords: “artificial neural networks,” “spine,” “back pain,” “prognosis,” “grading,” “classification,” “prediction,” “segmentation,” “biomechanics,” “deep learning,” and “imaging.” The main findings of the included studies were summarized, with an emphasis on the recent advances in spinal diseases and its application in the diagnostic and prognostic procedures. According to the search strategy, a set of 3,653 articles were retrieved from Medline and Scopus databases. After careful evaluation of the abstracts, the full texts of 89 eligible papers were further examined, of which 79 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of this review. Our review indicates several applications of ANNs in the management of spinal diseases including (1) diagnosis and assessment of spinal disease progression in the patients with low back pain, perioperative complications, and readmission rate following spine surgery; (2) enhancement of the clinically relevant information extracted from radiographic images to predict Pfirrmann grades, Modic changes, and spinal stenosis grades on magnetic resonance images automatically; (3) prediction of outcomes in lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation and patient-reported outcomes in lumbar fusion surgery, and preoperative planning and intraoperative assistance; and (4) its application in the biomechanical assessment of spinal diseases. The evidence suggests that ANNs can be successfully used for optimizing the diagnosis, prognosis and outcome prediction in spinal diseases. Therefore, incorporation of ANNs into spine clinical practice may improve clinical decision making.
Association of time to initial clinic visit with prolonged recovery in pediatric patients with concussion
Authors: Eagle Shawn R. , Puligilla Anish , Fazio-Sumrok Vanessa , Kegel Nathan , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

No studies to date have investigated the role of early clinical care in time to recovery from concussion in a pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of clinic presentation timing (≤ 7 days [early] compared to 8–20 days [late] from injury) in concussion assessment performance and risk for prolonged recovery (> 30 days) in pediatric concussion.

METHODS

This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study from a concussion clinic between April 2016 and January 2019, including 218 children and adolescents with diagnosed concussion, separated based on clinic presentation timing following injury: early (≤ 7 days) and late (8–20 days). Outcomes were recovery time, Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS), and demographics, medical history, and injury information. A general linear model and chi-square analyses were used to assess differences between early and late presentation, along with logistic regression, to predict prolonged recovery (> 30 days).

RESULTS

Those with early presentation reported higher symptoms on VOMS subtests (79%–85%) compared to those with late presentation (61%–78%), with the exception of near-point of convergence distance and visual motion sensitivity (VMS). The strongest predictor of prolonged recovery was number of days to first clinic visit (OR 9.8). Positive VMS (OR 5.18), history of headache/migraine (OR 4.02), and PCSS score (OR 1.04) were also predictive of prolonged recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite patients in the early presentation group presenting with more positive VOMS scores, the early presentation group recovered sooner than patients in the late presentation group. Even after controlling for vestibular dysfunction, history of headache or migraine, and total symptom severity, days to first visit remained the most robust predictor of recovery > 30 days. These findings suggest that early, specialized medical care and intervention for children and adolescents with recent concussion is associated with normal recovery time. Clinicians should educate children and parents on the potential importance of early treatment to improve the odds of positive outcomes following concussion.
Justification of a new technical solution for the development of potato harvesting machines
Authors: Alatyrev S. S , Kruchinkina I. S , Alatyrev A. S
Published: April 2020

Currently used potato harvesters with bar and screening screening devices, based on intense impact on the soil layer, significantly injure the potato tubers in the process of separation from the soil. In addition, structural elements operating in an abrasive environment without lubrication wear out intensively, prone to sticking to plant residues. In this regard, proposed and justified theoretically constructive-technological scheme of the new potato harvester, containing a frame with support wheels, a sieve consisting of longitudinal bars, kinematically connected by a rear part by a drive shaft by means of eccentric pins, located in antiphase with respect to each other, mounted by the front part with the guide on the axis with rollers and fixed rigidly through one to the shares, as well as from the beaters located in the slots between the rods. The paper analyzes the kinematic mode of the machine. As a result, it was established that the layer of soil on the separating rods is cyclically subjected to bending, compression and stretching. This contributes to its intensive crumbling and screening between the rods. For more efficient operation of the machine, it is recommended to adopt the angular velocity of rotation of the eccentric shaft of the separating device ω1 = 10...15 s-1.
Study of a device for implementing diesel engine fuel supply skipping
Authors: Harisov D. D , Gajsin E. M
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the problem of increasing the fuel efficiency of diesel engines at low load and idle modes by turning off the cylinders. The method is one of the effective ways to increase fuel economy in these modes. But its inherent disadvantages do not allow to fully obtain fuel economy. The method of skipping fuel supply is presented, which consists in the fact that when the diesel engine switches to low load and idle modes, the fuel supply stops not in the same cylinder, but in all cylinders alternately. To implement this method of regulation, the diesel fuel system must allow the skipping of individual cycle feeds. This is only possible with electronic fuel control. Many currently operating diesel engines are equipped with electronically controlled fuel supply systems, however, due to design features, it is not always advisable to reconfigure the system to work with a fuel supply skipping. In this regard, the most interesting are electronically controlled devices (valves), which can be implemented in a standard fuel supply system. The practical interest have the ring-type valves, where the split ring itself performs the function of the power and locking element, and the cylindrical surface serves as a socket for the ring. A fuel flow skipping device based on an electromagnetic-controlled valve of the annular type is proposed. Theoretical studies have made it possible to optimize the shape and size of the valve, in particular, to improve performance with a small section of the ring, to reduce the opposing forces and to obtain a large power of the electromagnet. Bench tests showed the efficiency of the proposed device with different numbers of skipped fuel supplies.
Substantiation of rational constructive parameters of the chisel subsoiler for autumn tillage of stubble field to tractors of the 8 drawbar category
Authors: Polishchuk Y. U.V , Derepaskin A. I , Laptev N. V , Komarov A. P
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to substantiate a rational distance from the point of connection of the implement with the tractor to the axis of rotation of the support wheels and the distance from the axis of symmetry of the frame in the horizontal plane to the point of connection of the hitch with the frame in the vertical plane. Theoretical studies have established that the stability of the working bodies during the process of soil sowing (soil hardness of at least 6 MPa) will be provided at a distance from the point of connection of the implement with the tractor to the axis of rotation of the support wheels equal to 4,3-5,3 m. The distance from the axis of symmetry of the frame in the horizontal plane to the point of connection of the hitch with the frame should be in the range 0-300 mm. During experimental studies, the state of the soil at a processing depth of 0-30 cm corresponded to the following average indicators: soil hardness 4,8 MPa, humidity 16,3 %, bulk density 1,39 g/cm3. The tests in the farm conditions were carried out at the travel speeds of 7,2; 8,9 and 10,0 km/h. The depth of tillage with the chisel was 28,5-29,7 cm, with the disc tillage tools 8,8-9,5 cm. At the working width of 8.8 m and travel speed of 8,9 km/h the working capacity of the aggregate per 1 hour of the basic time is 7,8 ha, draught resistance is 82,3 kN. The fuel consumption per hour was 76,2 kg, while 9,7 kg is consumed per hectare. The power consumed to overcome the draught resistance of the implement is 203,5 kW. The stability of the technological process in terms of tilling depth and draught resistance indicates the validity of the selected constructive parameters of the chisel subsoiler for autumn tillage of stubble field.
The results of experimental studies of the root crop chopper
Authors: Shukhanov S. N , Dorzhiev A. S , Kosareva A. V
Published: April 2020

An experimental setup was made to create a machine for the purpose of grinding root crops with specified dimensions. The object of study is the functioning of the root crop chopper. Experiments and analysis of the data obtained were carried out using the theory of experimental design. When conducting a statistical analysis, comparisons of the two groups on quantitative scales were based on the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. To describe the quantitative indicators, the mean value and standard deviation in the format «M±S» were used. To use the ability to predict some target quantitative variable based on several independent variables (factors), the multiple regression analysis method was used. The value of static significance was fixed at a probability level of error of 0,05. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11 application software packages. One of the main indicators of the quality of a machine is its energy intensity. As a result of processing the experiments, regression dependences and response surfaces were obtained, which reflect describing the processes that take place. According to the results of the regression modeling of the response «Energy intensity of the process E, W», it can be concluded that the most important combination of factors is the set: «Root and tubers diameter», «X4⋅x5» and «X4⋅x4». The model has a high level of forecast quality (R2 = 98 %).
The use of simple teeth surfaces in non-conjugate gears
Authors: Timofeev B. P , Kovalevich A. V , Sachkov M. Y.U
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, the dominant place in the practical use of rotational motion transmission mechanisms has conjugate, and, in particular, teeth gear. Reproduction of high-order surfaces used in conjugated gears requires the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment. An alternative to such gears are approximate gears. The paper analyzes the possibility of using gears with non-conjugate engagement when using the simplest surfaces - a plane, a cylinder and their various combinations, as the working surfaces of the teeth. It is shown that with the simplest outlines of the teeth it is possible to get the high-quality transmission. The results of mathematical modeling of approximate gears are presented. A comparison of the studied gears with the involute one in terms of the cyclic error of the tooth frequency is given. The resulting values of the position error and the gear ratio are minimal and, in particular, for multi-row gears can be negligible. The insensitivity of approximate gears to the errors in wheel manufacturing and gear assembly is shown. Several gear configurations and various motion transmission configurations are provided. Prospects for the use of gears with the simplest outlines of the teeth are associated with the lack of need for complex gear-processing equipment and the possibility of manufacturing and repair in the field conditions. In addition, such transmissions are indispensable for experimental installations because of the possibility of rapid changes in parameters that do not require significant time for design and manufacture.
Tasks and problems of the revival of domestic agricultural engineering
Authors: Kolchin N. N , Zvolinsky V. N
Published: April 2020

The problems of supplying the population with quality products in sufficient quantities still remain in the focus of attention of all mankind. The soil and climatic features of our country pose the most difficult tasks for the mechanization of the cultivation, harvesting and preservation of the products obtained in a highly competitive environment. At the same time, the role of agricultural machinery is increasing not only as mechanical assistants, but also as tools that directly affect the means of production - the soil, plants, microorganisms, crops, and the environment. Therefore, the issues of technical level and quality of work of mechanization can be compared in complexity only with the choice of cultivation technology. Hence, the ever-increasing pace of implementation of automation, robotization, hydraulic and electrification of structures. Digital controls are increasingly used for machine controls. However, the changes taking place in our country significantly slow down the pace of implementation of these trends. Imports of foreign technology, in most cases carried out without the appropriate regional tests, with orientation only on advertising indicators. As a result, there is a growing understanding that the import of foreign equipment does not replace domestic agricultural engineering in all cases. A paradoxical situation arises - the more we import imported equipment, the more the demand for domestic standardized and unified developments grows. The nomenclature of agricultural machinery is due to the natural features, multi-zone and multi-pattern agriculture, a large number of different crops, differences in the technologies of their cultivation, variability of working conditions, etc. It is formed by periodic «machine systems» based on the complexes and sets of machines within the relevant technologies. In addition, a number of long-term state programs for the stabilization and accelerated development of the industry are being developed and implemented on the basis of promising resource-saving technologies and criteria for the innovative development of the national economy. The domestic agricultural machinery industry must have a scientific and technical system for creating and maintaining new equipment - the GSKB network, mainly at the leading manufacturers and special design bureaus by types of main machines and their mass aggregates. The STC network of SHT «VISHOM» - GSKB - SKB - KB needs to be revived at an accelerated pace with the preparation of relevant personnel for it, taking into account the experience of active research and production activities of the special complex of the VISHOM.
Amyloid Plaques and Symptoms of Depression Links to Medical Help-Seeking due to Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Espenes Ragna , Kirsebom Bjørn-Eivind , Eriksson Cecilia , Waterloo Knut , Hessen Erik , Johnsen Stein Harald , Selnes Per , Fladby Tormod
Published: April 2020

Background:

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, patients reporting SCD to their general practitioner are not always referred to a memory clinic.

Objective:

To investigate whether prior history of medical help-seeking is associated with AD biomarker abnormality, worse cognitive performance, and/or depressive symptoms in SCD.

Methods:

We compared levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A β1 - 42, cognitive performance, and depressive symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15) between healthy controls ( n = 88), SCD with a history of medical help seeking (SCD-HS, n = 67), and SCD non help-seekers (SCD-NHS, n = 44). Cases with evidence of amyloid plaques (CSF A β1 - 42 ≤708 ng/l) and symptoms of depression (GDS-15≥6) were determined in both SCD groups.

Results:

The SCD-HS group had lower CSF A β1 - 42 ( p < 0.01), lower word list learning and memory recall ( p < 0.0001), and an increased level of depressive symptoms ( p < 0.0001) compared to controls and SCD-NHS cases. The SCD-HS group had more cases with symptoms of depression ( n = 12, 18%) and amyloid plaques ( n = 18, 27%) compared to SCD-NHS ( n = 1, 2% and n = 7, 16%, respectively). None of the SCD-HS cases and only one SCD-NHS case had concurrent symptoms of depression and amyloid plaques. The SCD-HS cases showed equal word list learning and memory performance regardless of amyloid status or symptoms of depression.

Conclusion:

Medical help-seeking in SCD is associated with an increased risk of AD pathology or symptoms of depression. However, subtle memory deficits are seen in SCD help-seekers, also without amyloid plaques or symptoms of depression.
Fluid Biomarkers and APOE Status of Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kaur Gurjeet , Poljak Anne , Braidy Nady , Crawford John D. , Lo Jessica , Sachdev Perminder S.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Numerous studies have reported on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, to date, none has compared biomarker patterns across the early-onset subtypes, i.e., early onset sporadic AD (EOsAD) and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), qualitatively and quantitatively.

Objective:

To compare the fluid biomarker patterns in early-onset subtypes of AD; EOsAD and ADAD.

Methods:

Six scientific databases were searched for peer-reviewed research publications. The total number of individuals used in all the meta-analysis were 2,427, comprised of 1,337 patients and 1,090 controls.

Results:

In the subset of EOsAD cases without APP, PSEN1/ PSEN2 mutations, CSF Aβ42 and tau levels were higher when compared to the EOsAD group as a whole. Prevalence of the APOE ɛ4 allele was more elevated in EOsAD relative to controls, and not significantly elevated in ADAD cases.

Conclusion:

Established CSF biomarkers confirmed quantitative differences between variants of EOAD. EOsAD is enriched with APOE ɛ4, but the level is not higher than generally reported in late-onset AD. The results prompt further exploration of the etiopathogenesis of EOsAD, which accounts for ∼4–10% of all AD cases, but the reasons for the early onset remain poorly understood.
Argumentative relation identification in academic texts
Authors: García-Gorrostieta Jesús Miguel , López-López Aurelio , González-López Samuel
Published: April 2020

The argumentation in academic writings is necessary to clearly communicate the ideas of the students. The relations between argumentative components are an essential part since this shows the contrast or support of the presented ideas. In this paper, we present two approaches to relation identification between pairs of components. In the first, we detect initially which components are related, to later classify them in support or attack relation. In the second approach, we identify directly which components have a support relation. For these approaches, we employed machine learning techniques with representations of several lexical, syntactic, semantic, structural and indicator features. Experiments in argumentative sections of academic theses showed that the models achieve encouraging results solving the task, and revealing the argumentative structures prevailing in student writings.
The distance measures and cross-entropy based on complex fuzzy sets and their application in decision making
Authors: Liu Peide , Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir
Published: April 2020

The information measures (IMs) of complex fuzzy information are very useful tools in the areas of machine learning and decision making. In some multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems, the decision makers can make a decision mostly according to IMs such as similarity measures (SMs), distance measures (DIMs), entropy measures (EMs) and cross-entropy measures (C-EMs) in order to choose the best one. However, the relation between C-EMs and DIMs in the environment of complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) has not been developed and verified. In this manuscript, the notions of DIMs and C-EMs in the environment of CFSs are investigated and the relation between DIMs and EMs in the environment of CFSs is also discussed. The complex fuzzy discrimination measures (CFDMs), the complex fuzzy cross-entropy measures (CFC-EMs), and the symmetry complex fuzzy cross-entropy measures (SCFC-EMs) are proposed. We also examined that the C-EMs satisfied all the conditions of DIMs, and finally proved that C-EMs including CFC-EMs were also a DIMs. In last, we used some practical examples to illustrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method by comparing with other existing methods.
Application of ADVANTG variance reduction parameters with MCNP6 at ESS
Authors: Miller Thomas M. , DiJulio Douglas D. , Santoro Valentina
Published: April 2020

Monte Carlo radiation transport codes have become the primary tool for shielding and activation analysis at high-powered spallation neutron sources. However, use of these codes to model facilities that have large amounts of shielding requires the use of variance reduction methods. This paper presents examples that apply ADVANTG generated variance reduction parameters to analyses performed at ESS using MCNP6. This requires some limitations in ADVANTG to be overcome and little-known features to be used. The focus of this paper is to describe how these limitations were overcome so other analyst at spallation sources can benefit from these methods as well.
Inguinal hernia repair among Jordanian infants; A cohort study from a university based tertiary center
Authors: Khasawneh Wasim , Al-Ghzawi Fadia , Yusef Dawood , Altamimi Eyad , Saqan Rola
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical procedure performed in infants. Still, there is major debate about the optimal timing of performing this procedure. The goal of this review is to determine the incidence of inguinal hernia among our infant population in Jordan, review the current practice regarding the timing of repair, and identify the risk of incarceration and postoperative apnea.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study of chart review of infants admitted with inguinal hernia in the period 2012–2016. Data collected about demographics, timing of diagnosis, timing of repair, exploration of contralateral side, incarceration, and postoperative apnea.

RESULTS:

A total of 272 infants were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. The overall incidence was 1.9%, compared with 11% among premature babies <32-week gestation. Half were term, and 23% less than 32-week gestation. Male to female ratio was 5 : 1. Of the 172 babies admitted to the neonatal ICU, only 19 cases (11%) were diagnosed during their NICU stay, and one case got repaired emergently. All cases were repaired by open herniorrhaphy. The median postconceptional age at time of repair was 49 weeks (IQR 45–55), and the median interval between diagnosis and repair was 8 days (IQR 1–17). Incarceration affected 9% and the main risk factor was >7-day delay in repair. Only one case developed apnea and required intubation postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our approach of elective inguinal hernia repair seems to be safe without increasing risk of complications like incarceration or postoperative apnea if performed within seven days following diagnosis.
Dedicated cone-beam breast CT using laterally-shifted detector geometry: Quantitative analysis of feasibility for clinical translation
Authors: Vedantham Srinivasan , Tseng Hsin-Wu , Konate Souleymane , Shi Linxi , Karellas Andrew
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

High-resolution, low-noise detectors with minimal dead-space at chest-wall could improve posterior coverage and microcalcification visibility in the dedicated cone-beam breast CT (CBBCT). However, the smaller field-of-view necessitates laterally-shifted detector geometry to enable optimizing the air-gap for x-ray scatter rejection.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate laterally-shifted detector geometry for CBBCT with clinical projection datasets that provide for anatomical structures and lesions.

METHODS:

CBBCT projection datasets ( n = 17 breasts) acquired with a 40×30 cm detector (1024×768-pixels, 0.388-mm pixels) were truncated along the fan-angle to emulate 20.3×30 cm, 22.2×30 cm and 24.1×30 cm detector formats and correspond to 20, 120, 220 pixels overlap in conjugate views, respectively. Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm with 3 different weighting schemes were used for reconstruction. Visual analysis for artifacts and quantitative analysis of root-mean-squared-error (RMSE), absolute difference between truncated and 40×30 cm reconstructions ( Diff), and its power spectrum ( PS Diff) were performed.

RESULTS:

Artifacts were observed for 20.3×30 cm, but not for other formats. The 24.1×30 cm provided the best quantitative results with RMSE and Diff (both in units of μ, cm-1) of 4.39×10-3±1.98×10-3 and 4.95×10-4±1.34×10-4, respectively. The PS Diff (>0.3 cycles/mm) was in the order of 10-14 μ2mm3 and was spatial-frequency independent.

CONCLUSIONS:

Laterally-shifted detector CBBCT with at least 220 pixels overlap in conjugate views (24.1×30 cm detector format) provides quantitatively accurate and artifact-free image reconstruction.
OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE SPRAY DRYING OF COCONUT MILK POWDER WITH HIGH FAT CONTENT
Authors: Le Man Van Viet , Vuong Minh Van
Published: April 2020

This research focuses on the spray drying of coconut milk powder with high fat content (50% of dry weight). The spray drying was carried out by Mobile Minor TM 2002 systems (Niro, Denmark). The influence of different technological parameters on the spray drying was examined. The central composite design method was used for operation optimization. Some optimal technological parameters of the spray drying were as follows: feed concentration: 24% weight/ weight (w/w); inlet and outlet temperatures of drying agent: 155+2°C and 75+2°C, respectively; pump rate of feed: 1.6L/h and rotary speed of atomizer: 20.000rpm. In these conditions, the product recovery yield was 82.2%.
SEMIACTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHMS WITH MR DAMPERS FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE REDUCTION OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Minh , Chu Thang Quoc
Published: April 2020

This paper analysed seismic reducing capacity of MR damper, a very new damper, with the relative small power and the response rate is very quickly. Structural model was used in this study was three-storey steel frame under the four actual earthquakes. El Centro, Hachinohe, Kobe, Northidge and the Artificial Earthquake: A quakeEarth. Seismic reducing effect of structure was calculated relying on five algorithms: Clipped-Optimal with full state feedback of displacements and velocities, HZ/LOG with acceleration feedback in assosiation; Proposed Fuzzy Control; Gain-Scheduled Fuzzy Control and Self-Tuning Fuzzy Control with Simulink tool of Matlab. Through this studied result, MR damper with Self Tuning Fuzzy Control Algorithm has brought very good seismic reducing effect as that structure was influenced by earthquake.