bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Russian mission in Istanbul in the mid-1740s: everyday life
Authors: Panchenko Constantin А.
Published: December 2024

In the article, the author examines the daily activities of the Russian embassy in Istanbul during the mid-18th century. The eastern orientation of Russian diplomatic efforts during the era of Peter the Great and his successors represents a relatively understudied aspect of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the focus of researchers is understandably on political issues, while the everyday reality of embassy staff – including the actual number of personnel, their individual personalities, maintenance costs, material culture and food – is overlooked. The Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire contains a wealth of hitherto unpublished documents that shed light on a number of subjects from the late summer and autumn of 1745. Following the unexpected passing of the Russian resident (the head of the embassy), Alexey Veshniakov, on 29 July 1745, his deputies, who had assumed the role of senior representatives of the Russian Mission, were concerned about the potential allegations of misappropriation of state-owned assets. It compelled them to meticulously catalogue all items stored within the mission, in addition to maintaining comprehensive records of the daily expenditure incurred for food supplies for a total staff complement of 42 individuals, including the family and domestic personnel of the late resident (16 persons). It would be fair to say that such matters are rarely addressed in diplomatic missives. However, the exceptional circumstances following the demise of Alexey Veshniakov provided scholars with the opportunity to reconstruct certain aspects of the daily life of the Russian colony in Istanbul.
The сonquest of Syria by Muhammad Ali pasha in 1831–1832 and its influence on Russian-Ottoman relations
Authors: Zhantiev Dmitry R.
Published: December 2024

In the article, the author focuses on one of the most pivotal events of the First Egyptian Crisis (1831–1833), namely the conquest of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire by the troops of the rebel governor of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha. Additionally, he elucidates the rationale behind the Russian Emperor Nicholas I’s decision to dispatch a contingent of Russian troops in 1833 to assist the Ottoman government in its efforts to safeguard its capital. The aim of this article is to analyse the strategies employed by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Sublime Porte, and the Russian Empire with regard to Ottoman Syria, a region of key strategic importance during the development of the crisis. The present study demonstrates that the deployment of Egyptian troops to Syria in the spring and summer of 1832 was the pivotal factor in the subsequent course of events. This challenges the dominant view in historiography, which posits that the Russian intervention in the conflict was precipitated by a direct threat of capture of the Ottoman capital by Muhammad Ali Pasha’s troops in December 1832, and that St Petersburg’s plans were limited to the defence of the Asian shore of the Bosphorus. This article, which draws on archival documents and recollections of participants in the events, demonstrates the pivotal role played by Syria in the realisation of Muhammad Ali Pasha’s objective to establish a virtually independent power base. It also elucidates the strategic countermeasures devised by the Russian command with the intention of conducting military operations against the troops of Muhammad Ali in Asia Minor and Syria. Russia’s direct military and diplomatic intervention in the conflict between the Sublime Porte and Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1833 had a significant impact, effectively thwarting the Egyptian governor’s plans and providing the Ottoman government with the necessary time to restore the combat potential of its army. However, the alliance established between Russia and the Ottoman Empire at that time did not progress further due to opposition from Great Britain, France, and Austria.
“Friends to foes, foes to friends”: polish officers in the Ottoman army in 1840–1870s
Authors: Surikov Kirill А.
Published: December 2024

In the article, the author examines the activities of Polish officers serving in the Ottoman army in the middle of the 19th century. The research scrutinizes the life and career paths of three remarkable Polish officers: Michał Czajkowski, Konstanty Borzęcki, and Józef Bem. A diverse array of hitherto understudied Ottoman sources, encompassing the works of military leaders and historians, the writings of Polish and French authors, and the annotations of Russian military officials, affords the opportunity to examine the activities of the prominent Polish officers from multiple vantage points. These include their role in the modernisation of the Ottoman military, their personal lives, and the issue of cultural identity. A multifaceted analysis demonstrates the complexity and variety of roles played by the Polish officers in the Ottoman army. Firstly, although they did not significantly alter the course of events on the Caucasus front of the Crimean War, they had a significant impact on the warfare of the Balkan front. Secondly, their principal contribution was to pacify the unstable Ottoman regions and further modernise the military and industrial institutions located in different parts of the Ottoman Empire. Thirdly, the Ottoman state did not become a second home for the majority of the Polish officers. Their conversion to Islam was mostly symbolic, and following the completion of their obligations, a considerable proportion of the émigré officers returned to Europe. The Ottoman Empire was able to capitalise on the influx of educated European specialists, utilising their expertise and knowledge to its advantage.
Ideological indoctrination and propaganda in the anti-Kemalist press of the early 1930s
Authors: Lyulchak Aleksander S.
Published: December 2024

In the article, that author presents a detailed analysis of the propaganda tactics employed by both Kemalist and anti-Kemalist forces during the early 1930s. It draws upon a diverse array of source material, including the Turkish newspapers, such as “Nation” (Ulus), “Time” (Vakit), “Republic” (Cumhuriyet), and the opposition daily “Free Republic” (Serbes Cumhuriyet), which ran from October 1930 to January 1931. The latter was established as the official print media of the Free Republican Party (FRP), which was headed by a close associate of the President, Ali Fethi (Okyar). The daily became the mouthpiece of moderate liberal movement, while concurrently turning into a weapon of ideological confrontation between the FRP and the incumbent Kemalist Republican People’s Party (RPP). The study of the opposition newspaper represents a novel approach within the Russian academic literature, as there have been no previous attempts to examine the perspective of those opposed to the Kemalists, or to analyse the representation of the main ideas of the FRP in the press. The research focuses on the analysis of anti-Kemalist propaganda in the “Free Republic” newspaper. The plethora of propaganda clichés present on its pages renders “Free Republic” a valuable source for studying the ideological shift that occurred during the early 1930s. It demonstrates the efforts to devise an alternative programme for the development of the Turkish Republic and enables the reconstruction of the ideological and political context of the Kemalist unsuccessful endeavour to establish a controllable opposition in 1930. Although it had the potential to gain a foothold in the market, the “Free Republic” newspaper ultimately succumbed to the forces of pro-government press propaganda. Despite its ambitious and courageous editorial stance, the opposition daily could not withstand the formidable and sophisticated propaganda apparatus of the Kemalists.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES, AUDIT FEES, AUDIT WORK EXPERIENCE, AND INDEPENDENCE ON AUDIT QUALITY
Authors: Utama Fikri Rizki , Islam Maruful
Published: December 2024

Public accountants (APs) are required to maintain Audit Quality (KA) to produce financial statements (LK) that meet predetermined standards. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of gender differences, audit fees, audit work experience, and auditor independence on financial statements. The study procedures were carried out using a survey method, and the sample population was selected with convenience sampling by taking the condition of public accountants who work at KAP in Bandar Lampung City. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and then processed with the SPSS program. The results showed that audit work experience and auditor independence had a significant influence on KA. However, gender differences and audit fees had no significant effect.
SHARIA FINTECH: CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Aulia Dina , Syukron Muhammad , Khomsiyah Khomsiyah
Published: December 2024

This research was conducted to determine the present and future focus on topics related to sharia fintech through the bibliometric and visualization analysis of 380 papers retrieved from the Google Scholar database. The process was based on cluster analysis as well as the evaluation of events and all keywords. The results showed that publications related to sharia fintech increased rapidly since the beginning of 2016. Moreover, the most prolific journals, cities, regions, institutions, and authors identified were JIEI, Jakarta, West Java, STIE AAS, and T Trimulato respectively. The most frequent keywords were Sharia Fintech, Indonesia, Fintech, and Sharia. The six main research trends identified included Principles and Practices of Islamic Finance, Innovative Financial Technology, Studies or Research on Financial Technology, Fintech Association and MSME Development in Indonesia, Covid Analysis and Case Studies in the Context of Sharia Fintech, as well as Sharia Peer Lending. Therefore, this research was able to provide a comprehensive analysis of the trends in Islamic fintech and identify future directions.
ColonNet: A Hybrid of DenseNet121 and U-Net Model for Detection and Segmentation of GI Bleeding
Authors: Singh Ayushman , Prakash Sharad , Das Aniket , Kushwaha Nidhi
Published: December 2024

This study presents an integrated deep learning model for automatic detection and classification of Gastrointestinal bleeding in the frames extracted from Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) videos. The dataset has been released as part of Auto-WCBleedGen Challenge Version V2 hosted by the MISAHUB team. Our model attained the highest performance among 75 teams that took part in this competition. It aims to efficiently utilizes CNN based model i.e. DenseNet and UNet to detect and segment bleeding and non-bleeding areas in the real-world complex dataset. The model achieves an impressive overall accuracy of 80% which would surely help a skilled doctor to carry out further diagnostics.
100% Hallucination Elimination Using Acurai
Authors: Wood Michael C. , Forbes Adam A.
Published: December 2024

The issue of hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) remains a critical barrier to the adoption of AI in enterprise and other high-stakes applications. Despite advancements in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, current state-of-the-art methods fail to achieve more than 80% accuracy in generating faithful and factually correct outputs, even when provided with relevant and accurate context. In this work, we introduce Acurai, a novel systematic approach that achieves 100% hallucination-free responses in LLMs by reformatting queries and context data prior to input. Leveraging a deep understanding of LLM internal representations, the importance of noun-phrase dominance, and the role of discrete functional units (DFUs), Acurai ensures alignment between input context and generated output. We validate this method using the RAGTruth corpus, demonstrating its ability to eliminate 100% hallucinations for both GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 Turbo. Acurai sets a new standard for achieving consistent, accurate, and faithful AI responses, marking a significant step forward in the development of trustworthy AI systems.
Foreign Language Curriculum Literacy: Analysis of the Views of Teacher Candidates in Terms of the Needs of Teachers
Authors: İleritürk Duygu
Published: December 2024

The curriculum functions as a pedagogical framework that provides guidance to educators in the facilitation of the educational process. The curriculum provides guidance to educators regarding the methods and degree to which desired learning objectives would be attained, as well as the specific learning artifacts that would be produced. Additionally, it furnishes details pertaining to the content, methodology, timing, and rationale behind pupils' learning outcome of knowledge. Curriculum literacy plays a crucial role in supporting educators in various aspects, such as designing and implementing new curriculums, as well as preparing for their execution. The objective of this study is to ascertain the necessary competencies for aspiring educators to enhance their comprehension and implementation of educational curricula, as well as to investigate the literacy requirements of potential teachers in educational curriculums. The research was structured as a case study. The convenience sampling approach was used for selecting participants. The researcher used a semi-structured interview form to gather comprehensive data for the study. According to the results of the study, the perspectives of prospective foreign language teachers indicate a heightened awareness of their own understanding, implementation, and adaptation of foreign language curriculums, hence highlighting opportunities for enhancing their skills in this field. Furthermore, the results derived from this study contribute to the enhanced awareness and expertise of prospective foreign language educators in the realm of curriculum literacy, hence enabling them to practice curriculum with greater efficacy.
Exiting their comfort zone
Authors: Umennadi Juliet , Ifekpolugo Chinelo , Egwuonwu Matthew Ekene
Published: December 2024

The paper highlighted the voices of six Nigerian students who lived and studied in China for a duration of four to seven years, by investigating their educational experiences. We focused on the challenges encountered, coping mechanisms employed and ultimately, their post-China reflection, which was an attempt at understanding the value of their study migration to China. To guide the study, a narrative inquiry approach was employed and six themes emerged: feeling out of place; trying to blend in, teachers’ support, language of instruction, learning to cope, in addition to exiting China-their comfort zone (a post-China reflection). Other findings revealed the alignment between the participants’ Chinese degrees and their present job/career, the value of meaningful connection, amongst others. Furthermore, the paper calls for further investigation on the aspect of mixed-classroom integration and learning experience between international and host students.
Scientific Concepts in programs in Brazil and Japan for High School Students
Authors: Santos Bruna Navarone , De la Rocque Lucia , Cabral Félix de Sousa Isabela , Anme Tokie
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates how cultural, historical, and emotional factors influence scientific concepts in Brazil's Science Vocation Program (Provoc) and Japan's Sakura Science program. It analyzes how Western and Eastern views of science might shape program goals, through high school students’ reports. Sociology and Anthropology of Emotions, History and Sociology of Science have been deployed to analyze documents of the year 2019 of both programs and Content Analysis has been conducted with the assistance of ATLAS.ti. The results indicate that the different trends of the programs are important. While Provoc students’ reports the express value of science as more related to individual growth, either academic and/or professional, students’ reports of the Sakura Science tend to be more collectively oriented, valuing scientific and technological innovation.
Mapping the scholarship on international students
Authors: Hong Bawool , Bista Krishna , Timmons Patricia
Published: December 2024

The Journal of International Students has published works by over 1,883 authors, reflecting a significant growth in contributions over its 14 volumes and 60 issues. These authors represent diverse geographical backgrounds, hailing from over 60 countries across North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and other regions, underscoring the journal's global reach and inclusivity. This systematic review examines the Journal of International Students (JIS) from 2011 to 2024, identifying key themes, methodologies, and geographic focuses of the published articles. The study highlights the evolution of JIS, the diversity of contributing authors, and the journal's impact on international education research. By analyzing recurring issues such as cultural adjustment, academic integration, and social support, the review provides insights into how JIS has contributed to the broader discourse on international students' experiences and challenges. The findings aim to guide future research directions and inform policies and practices in international education.
TEKNIK PENILAIAN FORMATIF ASPEK KOGNITIF MATA PELAJARAN PAI KURIKULUM MERDEKA
Authors: Azfar Fani , Nisaul Ulum Zulva Nisaul Ulum , Rachman Abdur
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan guna meningkatkan pemahaman sekaligus keterampilan peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Pada dasarnya, praktik asesmen formatif berguna untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam pengajaran materi PAI dalam kurikulum merdeka. Pada penyajian datanya, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif jenis library research yakni melalui berbagai sumber yang berhubungan dengan topik penelitian. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini berfungsi untuk mengukur dan mengetahui tingkat pemahaman peserta didik melalui upaya penilaian formatif pada hasil belajar aspek kognitif. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian asesmen kognitif pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan model asesmen portofolio, Penilaian lisan, tertulis, maupun asesmen proyek.
Development of a diagnostic system for the presence of rotor eccentricity in traction induction motors
Authors: Yurchenko Victor , Nezlina Olena , Tkachenko Valentyna
Published: December 2024

The aim of research is to develop a system for functional diagnostics of the presence of rotor eccentricity in traction induction motors of railway rolling stock. To achieve the aim, the following objectives were solved in the work: the Prony’s method was adapted to perform the task of diagnosing the eccentricity of the rotor of an induction motor during the operation of the rolling stock; the algorithm of functioning of the system of functional diagnosis of rotor eccentricity based on the adapted Prony’s method is proposed; a structural diagram of the rotor eccentricity diagnosis unit based on the adapted Prony’s method is proposed; a structural diagram of the system of functional diagnosis of rotor eccentricity is proposed. The most important results are obtaining a mathematical model of the Prony’s method, adapted to the task of diagnosing the eccentricity of the rotor of an induction motor during the operation of rolling stock. The adaptation of the Prony’s method algorithm is performed by applying the Wiener-Hopf procedure to the analyzed signals. This will make it possible to apply the proposed algorithm in conditions where the process of changing the analyzed signals is stochastic in nature. This will make it possible to determine the eccentricity degree of the AM rotor with greater accuracy and to make a more correct decision regarding the AM operation with the existing eccentricity of the rotor.
Key words: induction motor, diagnosis, eccentricity, rolling stock.
ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩА ТРАНСКОРДОННИХ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ В РАМКАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ
Authors: Дзямулич М.І. , Рейкін Ю.Ю.
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджено особливості процесу цифровізації бізнес-середовища транскордонних регіонів України та Польщі в контексті євроінтеграції. Розглянуто ключові напрямки цифрової трансформації бізнес-середовища прикордонних регіонів. Проаналізовано вплив цифрових технологій на економічну співпрацю та конкурентоспроможність підприємств в контексті інтеграції України до європейського цифрового ринку. Визначено необхідність формування цифрової інфраструктури, що сприяє ефективному функціонуванню малого і середнього бізнесу, а також на адаптації цифрових інструментів до потреб локальних підприємств прикордонних регіонів. Розглянуто спільні проекти та ініціативи України та Польщі, спрямовані на гармонізацію цифрових стандартів і розширення доступу до інноваційних платформ. Доведено, що цифровізація бізнес-середовища є важливим чинником регіонального розвитку та інтеграції України до єдиного цифрового ринку ЄС. Визначено необхідність оптимізації використання цифрових технологій у транскордонних регіонах на основі стимулювання інвестицій у цифрову інфраструктуру.
Unitization in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria: Challenges, benefits, and regulatory framework
Authors: Solomon Osho Gbolahan
Published: December 2024

Unitization is an essential strategy for Nigeria's crucial oil and gas sector, aimed at collaboratively managing hydrocarbon reservoirs across various leases. This study delves into its complexities, including challenges like ownership conflicts and technical issues, alongside benefits such as enhanced resource recovery and shared technology. Despite these obstacles, unitization promises improved efficiency and sustainable development by fostering cooperation, reducing waste, and promoting responsible extraction practices. The research highlights the necessity of a robust regulatory framework, clear communication, and stakeholder collaboration for unitization to succeed. It concludes that by embracing unitization, Nigeria can advance its energy industry sustainably, aligning with national objectives and ensuring economic and environmental benefits.
The ECODRIVE Project: controlling and managing traffic for reducing noise from private road transport.
Authors: Bellucci Patrizia , Onorato Tina , Cipriani Ernesto
Published: December 2024

In order to meet the current pressure from the European Commission on the Member States, in last decades, innovative solutions have been proposed to improve the sustainability of human activities on the territory. In this context, the ECODRIVE Project aims at reducing atmospheric pollution and noise generated by private road transport through the implementation of specific traffic management and control policies, which can encourage users towards more sustainable driving behaviours. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of these policies, and with the aim of focusing the analysis on the acoustic part of the project, the effects of some policies based on the application of increasingly restrictive speed limits were illustrated. The results showed how careful traffic management can guarantee environmental benefits. In the future, however, it will also be necessary to take into account the side effects of the application of these policies, such as the increase in travel times, which is one of the main disadvantages for road users.
Indagine sperimentale sul rumore intrinseco della strumentazione nelle misurazioni fonometriche e la misurazione a livelli sonori molto bassi
Authors: Cerniglia Andrea , Brambilla Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Vengono descritti i risultati di una indagine sperimentale volta a determinare il rumore auto-generato dalla strumentazione utilizzata nelle misurazioni fonometriche che, nei rilevamenti a bassi livelli sonori, è spesso comparabile con quello da rilevare inficiando, così, il dato acquisito. In particolare sono stati eseguiti tre set di misurazioni, il primo riguardante 10 diversi tipi di microfoni a condensatore e gli altri due svolti all'interno di una camera anecoica. Questi due set hanno riguardato sei fonometri di marche e modelli diversi e l'applicazione della tecnica metrologica "Coherent Output Power, COP" che consente di discriminare il rumore strumentale da quello ambientale e, quindi, procedere al suo mascheramento dalla misurazione.  
Territorial stigmatization and destigmatization as analytical concepts to frame and comprehend urban inequality and abyssal exclusion
Authors: Clerici Eleonora , Ricotta Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a synthesis of critical urban studies and decolonial perspec-tives, adopting the concepts of territorial stigmatization and destigmatization to deepen the study of urban inequality and exclusion in Western societies. This hy-bridization underscores the need to understand urban dynamics within broader so-cial and historical perspectives, offering insights for promoting inclusivity and re-ducing urban disparities.
Pain syndrome in panic attack clinical presentation
Authors: Belyaev A. F. , Mikhailichenko N. M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. In modern medicine, great attention has been paid to the study of patients with panic attacks (PAs) for a long time. One of the areas of scientific research is the study of the patients′ personality traits, as well as social, genetic and physiological factors causing the development of panic disorder. But peculiarities of pain syndrome in patients with PAs remain understudied. As a result, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with PAs remain insufficiently effective.

The aim: to research the role of pain syndrome in the clinical presentation of panic attacks.

Materials and methods. The studies involved 197 participants aged 38,65±10,91 including 41 men (20,8 %) and 156 women (79,2 %). They were divided into two groups based on the presence or the absence of PAs with the first group representing 147 people with panic attacks and the second group — 50 people without panic attacks. In all patients, pain syndrome (headache, chest pain, neck pain, and pain in the lumbosacral region) was assessed according to a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). To study the dependence of pain syndrome characteristics on the severity of the disease course, patients with PAs from the first group were divided into 3 groups according to PA frequency in a four-week period: group of 31 people with infrequent PAs (less than four panic attacks), group of 48 people with mid-frequent PAs (at least four panic attacks), and a group of 68 people with frequent PAs (at least four panic attacks per week).

Results. According to our research, pain syndrome of different localization and intensity is more common in patients with PAs than in those without PAs, and was detected in 93,2 % of patients with PAs. Patients with PAs more frequently reported multisite pain, differently from those without PAs predominantly presenting complaints of pain in one body region. The intensity of headache, chest or neck pain is significantly higher in patients with PAs than in patients without PAs (р<0,05). In the majority of patients with PAs (75,9 %), pain syndrome preceded developing of PAs.

Conclusion. Pain syndrome can serve as a predisposing factor for the development of panic attacks and be the reason for the aggravation of the disease course, which is why pain syndrome in patients with PAs should undoubtedly be corrected. Taking into consideration the fact that a medication burden on such patients is high, the correction should primarily be performed using non-drug treatment options, including osteopathic methods.
Potenciális szennyezők monitorozása a Közép-Tisza szakaszon vízhigiénés szempontból
Authors: Fózer Melinda , Teszárné Nagy Mariann , Csépes Eduárd , Cserháti Mátyás , Kaszab Edit
Published: December 2024

Az elmúlt évtizedekben a felszíni vizeink klasszikus, bakteriológiai szempontból történő monitorozása mindinkább háttérbe szorul, ugyanakkor a növekvő vízhasználatok (például fürdőzésre, öntözésre, szennyvizek és termálvizek befogadására), fokozódó egészségügyi kockázatot jelentenek, melyet az éghajlatváltozásból eredő szélsőséges időjárási viszonyok tovább fokoznak. A szennyvíztisztító telepek többsége rendszeresen küzd a hirtelen, nagy mennyiségben lehullott csapadékkal, ami a szennyvízzel keveredve érkezik a telepre. A legtöbb szennyvíztisztítónak nincs akkora kapacitása, hogy ezt a nagy mennyiséget tárolja, ezért gyakorlatilag tisztítatlanul kerül bebocsátásra a felszíni vizeinkbe. Mindezek alapján a felszíni vizek monitoring-alapú vizsgálata továbbfejlesztését igényel a kockázatalapú megközelítés, valamint a bakteriális szennyeződések forrásának azonosítása érdekében. 2020-ban a Tisza középső szakaszán végzett monitoring tevékenység alapján felderítettünk egy szennyező forrást, ami a vizsgálat idején is uralkodó hidrológiai viszonyok kialakulása esetén valós egészségügyi veszélyt jelenthet. A vizsgálat arra is rávilágított, hogy a hidrológiai viszonyok és a vízminőség ismerete nagyban elősegíti a megfelelő döntéshozatalt.
Examination of Red Clover Optimum Harvesting Status in Seed Production With Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
Authors: Kerezsi György , Kun Ágnes , Jancsó Mihály
Published: December 2024

Red clover is the second most valuable and intensively produced leguminous fodder crop in Hungary. Optimum harvesting should start when 75-80 per cent of seed-heads are brown and 90 per cent or more of the seeds are past the hard-dough stage of maturity. Harvesting must be done before an appreciable amount of seed-head deterioration begins. On fall plantings the first-year crop normally matures during the months of August and September. Seed from second-year stands, if not cut back, will mature somewhat earlier. The harvesting of red clover is divided into two distinct operations: (1) the curing or preparation and (2) the hulling and separation of the seed. The curing is by windrowing or contact desiccant spraying. It is the timing of each step that can make all the difference between a good yield and a mediocre one. The agronomists decide those actions with personal on-site inspections of the heads. Their decisions rely on random point sampling. A trend has developed with the recent interest in the harvesting time estimation of red clover in seed production to meet the demands of sustainable and precise agriculture. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are one of the current state-of-the-art tools when it comes to supporting farm-scale phenotyping trials. In this examination, we explored the red clover seed heads classification using deep learning on a UAS RGB aerial image. We assessed different ripening status of the flower heads with a single-shot detector (SSD) deep learning model. It is proposed that drone data collection was suggested to be optimum in this study, closer to the harvest date, but not later than the ageing stage. With SSD model we can calculate the number of heads on the vegetation surface but to differentiate them (e.g., purple-, light-brown-, dark-brown flower heads) with high confidence, we need more examinations, spectral bands or fine adjustments of the model with additional data.
Wspomnienia o Szymonie Juchniewiczu (1927-2024)
Authors: Juchniewicz Artur , Narmontienė Viktorija , Firkowicz Nina , Pilecka Hanna
Published: December 2024

W wieku dziewięćdziesięciu sześciu lat odszedł nasz ojciec, Szymon Juchniewicz. Wydaje mi się, że wraz z nim minęła cała epoka, którą częściowo znam z jego opowiadań, częściowo jako świadek wydarzeń. Przychodzą mi na myśl fragmenty z jego życia…
O czym opowiadają trockie nagrobki?
Authors: Sulimowicz-Keruth Anna
Published: December 2024

Kamienne epitafia karaimskiego cmentarza w Trokach to zapis życia, straty i niezatartej pamięci. Co mówią o życiu tych, którzy odeszli?
The picasso gas model: Painting intracluster gas on gravity-only simulations
Authors: Kéruzoré Florian , Bleem L. E. , Frontiere N. , Krishnan N. , Buehlmann M. , Emberson J. D. , Habib S. , Larsen P.
Published: December 2024

We introduce picasso, a model designed to predict thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium based on the properties of halos in gravity-only simulations. The predictions result from the combination of an analytical gas model, mapping gas properties to the gravitational potential, and of a machine learning model to predict the model parameters for individual halos based on their scalar properties, such as mass and concentration. Once trained, the model can be applied to make predictions for arbitrary potential distributions, allowing its use with flexible inputs such as N−body particle distributions or radial profiles. We present the model, and train it using pairs of gravity-only and hydrodynamic simulations. We show that when trained to learn the mapping from gravity-only to non-radiative hydrodynamic simulations, picasso can make remarkably accurate and precise predictions of intracluster gas thermodynamics, with percent-level bias and ~20% scatter for r/R500c∈[0.1,1]. Training the model on hydrodynamic simulations including sub-resolution physics modeling yields robust predictions as well, albeit with the introduction of a radius-dependent bias and an increase in scatter. We further show that the model can be trained to make accurate predictions from very minimal halo information, down to mass and concentration, at the cost of modestly reduced precision. picasso is made publicly available on Github (https://github.com/fkeruzore/picasso) as a Python package, which includes trained models that can be used to make predictions easily and efficiently, in a fully auto-differentiable and hardware-accelerated framework.
O PAPEL MODERADOR DA GANÂNCIA NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE TRÍADE SOMBRIA E CORRUPÇÃO POR AGENTES PÚBLICOS
Authors: Alves Leles João Carlos , Modesto João Gabriel
Published: December 2024

A corrupção é um problema global. Um crescente corpo de evidências tem sugerido que a tríade sombria da personalidade pode contribuir com a compreensão de comportamentos desviantes, como a corrupção. Além disso, estudos identificaram que a ganância prediz comportamentos antiéticos e revelaram que indivíduos gananciosos estariam mais propensos a transgressões normativas. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o papel moderador da ganância na relação entre tríade sombria e corrupção. A amostra foi composta por 115 agentes públicos maiores de 18 anos, residentes em território brasileiro. Foram utilizados cenários com diferentes situações hipotéticas de corrupção. Foram identificadas relações significativas entre a intenção e a percepção de corrupção com todas as dimensões da tríade sombria da personalidade e com a ganância. Além disso, verificou-se que a ganância moderou a relação entre a tríade sombria e a intenção de corrupção. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que variáveis disposicionais podem ser relevantes para a compreensão da corrupção. Implicações são discutidas.
 
PALAVRAS CHAVE: personalidade; desonestidade; ética; antissocial.
 
ABSTRACT
Corruption is a global problem. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the dark triad of personality can contribute to understanding deviant behavior such as corruption. Furthermore, studies have identified that greed predicts unethical behavior and revealed that greedy individuals would be more prone to normative transgressions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of greed in the relationship between dark triad and corruption. The sample consisted of 115 public agents over 18 years of age, residing in Brazilian territory. Scenarios with different hypothetical situations of corruption were used. Significant relationships were identified between the intention and perception of corruption with all dimensions of the dark triad of personality and with greed. Furthermore, greed was found to moderate the relationship between the dark triad and corrupt intent. Taken together, the results indicate that dispositional variables may be relevant to understanding corruption. Implications are discussed.
 
Keywords: personality; dishonesty; ethic; antisocial.
MUSTAFA KEMAL PAŞA’NIN BASINA VERDİĞİ MÜLAKATLARI ÜZERİNDEN MİLLİ MÜCADELE’NİN KAMUOYU İLE İLETİŞİM BOYUTU (1918-1919)
Authors: Elmacı Mehmet Emin
Published: December 2024

Mustafa Kemal Paşa, 1911 yılında gazetede ilk haberinin yapıldığı dönemden itibaren basının önemini çok iyi bilmekteydi. Özellikle Sofya’da Türklerin birleşmesini sağlamak için basının rolü de kullanılmıştı. Milli Mücadele’de İstanbul’a geldiği ilk andan itibaren de gazetelere verdiği mülakatlarla kendi görüşlerini çok net ortaya koymuştur.
Özellikle 1.Dünya Savaşı sonunda, Çanakkale’deki başarılarının bir sonucu olarak 1918 yılı sonunda yayımlanan Ruşen Eşref ile yaptığı mülakat ise onun bir gazeteci ile yaptığı yayımlanmış ilk mülakatıydı. Atatürk’ün bugün bilinen Çanakkale anılarının büyük çoğunluğu bu mülakata dayanmaktadır.
Milli Mücadele ise bir ülkenin kurtuluşunun, bağımsızlığının elde edilmesini sağlayacak önemli bir mücadele idi. Mustafa Kemal Paşa bu mücadeleyi yaparken basının önemini bilerek, verilmesi gereken tüm mesajları gazetecilere mülakatlarında vererek kamuoyuna duyurmuştur. Bu çalışmada Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın 1918 ve 1919 yılı içindeki gazetelere verdiği mülakatlar kronolojik olarak değerlendirilecek ve önemi belirtilecektir.
KIBRIS SORUNU VE RAUF DENKTAŞ’IN AYDIN ZİYARETLERİ
Authors: Öztürk Adil Adnan
Published: December 2024

Kıbrıs, jeo-stratejik bakımdan önemlidir. Türk egemenliğinde 1571’den 1878’e kadar kaldıktan sonra Ada’nın 1878’de İngiltere’ye kiralanmasıyla Ada’da yaşayan Kıbrıs Türkleri sıkıntı yaşamaya başlamış; Ada’nın Yunanistan’a ilhakı (Enosis) başlıca amaç olmuştur. Kıbrıs Türkleri ise varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için örgütlenmişlerdir. Türkiye, önce Kıbrıs’ı İngiltere’nin bir iç sorunu olarak görmüş ve 1955’ten itibaren Türklere destek vermeye başlamıştır. 1958’den itibaren Rumların Enosis fikrine karşı Ada’daki Türkler ve Türkiye Taksim tezini benimsemiştir. İngiltere Kıbrıs üzerindeki garantörlüğünü Yunanistan ve Türkiye’ye paylaştırmak istemiş; ABD, Türkiye ve Yunanistan’ın ortak kararıyla 1960’da “Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti” kurulmuştur. Ortak devlet 1963’de fiilen sona ermiştir. Rumlar Ada’da şiddet olaylarını arttırmış ve Türkiye 1963’te Ada’ya ihtar amaçlı iki savaş uçağı göndermiş ve olaylar biraz sakinleşmişse de durmamıştır. Nitekim Türkiye Ada’ya 1974’te iki defa Barış Harekâtı gerçekleştirmiş; Ada iki coğrafi bölgeye ayrılmış ve 15 Kasım 1983’te KKTC kurulmuştur. 1983-2003 arasında girişim ve müzakerelere rağmen çözüm gerçekleşmemiştir. Öte yandan Türkiye’de 2002 seçimleriyle iktidar değişmiştir. Yeni hükümet daha önceki Kıbrıs konusundaki politikalarda değişiklik yapmıştır. BM’nin Annan Metni 2004’te iki kesimde halk oylamasına sunulmuş; oylama öncesinde hayatını Kıbrıs davasına adayan Rauf Denktaş Türkiye ve Kıbrıs’ta pasif hale getirilerek ötekileştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı; Kıbrıs meselesinin tarihçesi; Denktaş’ın Aydın’da meseleyi anlatırken hangi noktalara değindiği; müzakerelerde, tarafların istek ve tavırlarını birincil kaynaktan ortaya çıkarmak ve meselenin ulusal ve Aydın yerel basınında nasıl ele alındığını belirlemektir. Denktaş, Aydın’a birkaç defa gelmiş ancak hiçbiri 2005’teki ziyareti kadar ses getirmemiştir. Bu ziyaretinde Denktaş, TV konuşması ve konferansla daha çok Türk milliyetçiliği ve Atatürk, KKTC’nin tanınması, kendisine neden “uzlaşmaz adam” dendiği, Kapalı Maraş ve Annan Planı üzerinde durmuş ve yaşanılanları anlatarak halkın bilinçlenmesini hedeflemiştir. Denktaş Aydın’da yoğun ilgi ve sevgi ile karşılanmış; bu durum da basına yansımıştır.
Research and application of intelligent diagnosis and treatment engineering bacteria
Authors: Zhao Na , Chen Junwei , Shi Jingtian , Gao Yan , Li Lijing , Dong Liyun
Published: December 2024

For over a century, scientists have been harnessing the therapeutic potential of bacteria in treating diseases. The advent of synthetic biology in recent years has propelled the development of genetically engineered bacteria with enhanced intelligence. These bacteria can autonomously detect environmental cues and relay them to pivotal promoters, leading to the expression of functional proteins. By utilizing modular components, they are capable of executing a range of functions, including sensing, transmitting, and outputting signals. Based on these principles, a series of intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic engineered bacteria have emerged. These bacteria are capable of targeting diseased sites, sensing disease-specific signals, and producing reporter and therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, the integration of intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic engineered bacteria with advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, nanomaterials, and optics has paved the way for diverse clinical applications. Three critical stages are explored in this article, which include the selection of strains, the design of biosensing systems, and the planning of release strategies. The application of intelligent diagnosis and treatment engineering bacteria in metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, tumors and infectious diseases is reviewed.
Covalent integration of polymers and porous organic frameworks
Authors: Hossain Md Amjad , Coe-Sessions Kira , Ault Joe , Gboyero Felix O. , Wenzel Michael J. , Dhokale Bhausaheb , Davies Alathea E. , Yang Qian , de Sousa Oliveira Laura , Li Xuesong , Hoberg John O.
Published: December 2024

Covalent integration of polymers and porous organic frameworks (POFs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), represent a promising strategy for overcoming the existing limitations of traditional porous materials. This integration allows for the combination of the advantages of polymers, i.e., flexibility, processability and chemical versatility etc., and the superiority of POFs, like the structural integrity, tunable porosity and the high surface area, creating a type of hybrid materials. These resulting polymer-POF hybrid materials exhibit enhanced mechanical strength, chemical stability and functional diversity, thus opening up new opportunities for applications across a large variety of fields, such as gas separation, catalysis, biomedical applications, environmental remediation and energy storage. In this review, an overview of synthetic routes and strategies on how to covalently integrate different polymers with various POFs is discussed, especially with a particular focus on methods like polymerization within, on and among POF structures. To investigate the unique properties and functions of these resultant hybrid materials, the characterization techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas adsorption analysis (BET) and computational modeling and machine learning, are also presented. The ability of polymer-POFs to manipulate the pore environments at the molecular level affords these materials a wide range of applications, providing a versatile platform for future advancements in material science. Looking forward, to fully realize the potential of these hybrid materials, the authors highlight the scalability, green synthesis methods, and potential for stimuli-responsive polymer-POF materials as critical areas for future research.
Amoebae: beyond pathogens- exploring their benefits and future potential
Authors: Dinda Suman Kalyan , Hazra Shreyasee , De Anwesha , Datta Annurima , Das Lipika , Pattanayak Santanu , Kumar Kishor , Dey Manash Deep , Basu Arnab , Manna Dipak
Published: December 2024

Amoebae, fascinatingly diverse protists, showcase a dual nature that positions them as both friends and foes in our world. These organisms, defined by their distinctive pseudopodia, span a spectrum from harmful to helpful. On the darker side, species like Entamoeba histolytica pose serious health risks, causing intestinal and liver diseases, while the infamous “brain-eating” Naegleria fowleri leads to fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a daunting 97% mortality rate. Other free-living amoebae, including Acanthamoeba castellanii and Balamuthia mandrillaris, also threaten the human central nervous system. Yet, beyond these dangers, amoebae play critical ecological roles. They function as nature’s recyclers, decomposing organic material and nourishing aquatic ecosystems, while also serving as food for various organisms. Moreover, certain amoebae help control plant pathogens and offer insight into human disease, proving valuable as model organisms in biomedical research. This review sheds light on the complex, multifaceted world of amoebae, highlighting their dual role as pathogens and as key contributors to vital ecological processes, as well as their significant impact on research and their promising potential for enhancing human well-being.
Climate change disclosure and carbon performance of Chinese listed companies: exploring the moderating effects of climate governance and corporate environmental governance
Authors: Zhang Sailu
Published: December 2024

Climate change poses numerous risks to businesses, leading to growing attention from governments and stakeholders toward corporate climate change disclosures. However, whether these disclosures can effectively drive companies to enhance their carbon reduction efforts remains an urgent question. Using panel data from heavily polluting companies in China, this study employs generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to empirically examine the moderating effects of government-level climate governance and corporate-level environmental governance on the relationship between climate change disclosure and carbon performance. The results indicate that the interaction between climate governance and climate change disclosure significantly promotes improvements in carbon performance, whereas the impact of corporate environmental governance is comparatively limited. These findings underscore the critical role of government-driven climate governance in enhancing the effectiveness of climate change disclosures and provide practical recommendations for policymakers and corporations to improve climate disclosure practices and advance carbon reduction efforts.
A semantic notation for comparing global high-resolution coastal flooding studies
Authors: Baart Fedor , de Boer Gerben , Pronk Maarten , van Koningsveld Mark , Muis Sanne
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Global coastal flooding maps are now achieving a level of detail suitable for local applications. The resolution of these maps, derived from widely available open data sources, is approaching that of local flooding maps (0.5–100 m), increasing the need for a standardized approach to evaluate underlying assumptions and indicators for local applications.

Methods

This study introduces the Waterlevel, Elevation, Protection, Flood, Impact, Future (WEPFIF) notation, a structured notation for documenting and comparing key methodological choices and data variations across global coastal flooding studies. This approach enhances the understanding and explanation of the fitness-for- purpose of flood maps. This notation builds on commonly used methodological choices, dataset variations, and model approaches in global flooding risk research. Analysis of these workflows identifies common elements and highlights the need for a more structured reporting approach to improve comparability.

Results

Applying the WEPFIF notation to a case study in the Netherlands reveals significant variations in flood risk assessments originating from differences in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and water level selection, and inclusion of protective infrastructure.

Discussion

WEPFIF, by annotating these methodological variations, enables more informed comparisons between local and global flood studies. This allows researchers and practitioners to select appropriate data and models, based on their specific research objectives. The study proposes tailored approaches for three common types of flood studies: raising concern, optimizing flood protection investments, and representing the state of coastal risk.