bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying congestion with player tracking data in Australian football
Authors: Alexander Jeremy P. , Jackson Karl B. , Bedin Timothy , Gloster Matthew A. , Robertson Sam
Published: August 2022

With 36 players on the field, congestion in Australian football is an important consideration in identifying passing capacity, assessing fan enjoyment, and evaluating the effect of rule changes. However, no current method of objectively measuring congestion has been reported. This study developed two methods to measure congestion in Australian football. The first continuously determined the number of players situated within various regions of density at successive time intervals during a match using density-based clustering to group players as ‘primary’, ‘secondary’, or ‘outside’. The second method aimed to classify the level of congestion a player experiences (high, nearby, or low) when disposing of the ball using the Random Forest algorithm. Both approaches were developed using data from the 2019 and 2021 Australian Football League (AFL) regular seasons, considering contextual variables, such as field position and quarter. Player tracking data and match event data from professional male players were collected from 56 matches performed at a single stadium. The random forest model correctly classified disposals in high congestion (0.89 precision, 0.86 recall, 0.96 AUC) and low congestion (0.98 precision, 0.86 recall, 0.96 AUC) at a higher rate compared to disposals nearby congestion (0.72 precision, 0.88 recall, 0.88 AUC). Overall, both approaches enable a more efficient method to quantify the characteristics of congestion more effectively, thereby eliminating manual input from human coders and allowing for a future comparison between additional contextual variables, such as, seasons, rounds, and teams.
Prospective comparative analysis of noninvasive body temperature monitoring using zero heat flux technology (SpotOn sensor) compared with esophageal temperature monitoring during pediatric surgery
Authors: Sang Bo-Hyun , Lee Changjin , Lee Da Yeong
Published: August 2022

Maintaining body temperature in pediatric patients is critical, but it is often difficult to use currently accepted core temperature measurement methods. Several studies have validated the use of the SpotOn sensor for measuring core temperature in adults, but studies on pediatric patients are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the SpotOn sensor compared with that of esophageal temperature measurement in pediatric patients intraoperatively. Children aged 1–8 years with American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Condition Classification I or II scheduled to undergo elective ear surgery for at least 30 min under general anesthesia were enrolled. Body core temperature was measured every 15 min after induction till the end of anesthesia with an esophageal probe, axillary probe, and SpotOn sensor. We included 49 patients, providing a total 466 paired measurements. Analysis of Pearson rank correlation between SpotOn and esophageal pairs showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–0.94). Analysis of Pearson rank correlation between esophageal and axillary pairs gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.87–0.91). Between the SpotOn and esophageal groups, Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias (SD, 95% limits of agreement) of -0.07 (0.17 [-0.41–0.28]). Between the esophageal and axillary groups, Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias (SD, 95% limits of agreement) of 0.45 (0.22 [0–0.89]). In pediatric patients during surgery, the SpotOn sensor showed high correlation and agreement with the esophageal probe, which is a representative core temperature measurement method.
Lost in the field: Lessons from metal music studies fieldwork in the Global South
Authors: Goossens Didier , Varas-Díaz Nelson , Banchs Edward
Published: August 2022

Ethnographic fieldwork is a core method of anthropological, sociological and cultural research, characterized by a lengthy stay in an area or among a social group that is being studied. In the best-case scenario, a researcher becomes an insider through fieldwork. This method, however, has experienced heavy criticism for its exploitative origins and traditions that, among others, maintain a strong focus on Global North gazes and give little back to studied communities, especially those located in the Global South. Metal music studies have seen fieldwork-based research in both the Global North and South; and although a productive method in this field of research, it has not yet been considered in emerging critical reflections on methodology in its body of publications. This article aims to make such a contribution by reflecting on lessons from metal research in the Global South. Building on experiences in Latin American and African countries, we seek to explore how fieldwork-based research on metal, in general, can be informed by situated experiences in these regions by means of four distinct elements: (1) the importance of multiple subjectivities and epistemologies, (2) the principles of positionality and communality, (3) the confrontation and dismantling of privilege and (4) the diversification of fieldwork methods in terms of data collection and sharing.
Into the Never: Nine Inch Nails and the Creation of The Downward Spiral, Adam Steiner (2020)
Authors: Hagen Ross
Published: August 2022

Review of: Into the Never: Nine Inch Nails and the Creation of The Downward Spiral, Adam Steiner (2020)

Guilford: Backbeat Books, 296 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-61713-731-0, p/bk, $24.95
Agriculture, Agroecology and Ecology
Authors: Bessa Marcio Moacir
Published: August 2022

The emergence of industrialized agriculture, showing its forms of degradation, characterizes the process of economic globalization and its articulation with neoliberalism, which it is accepted to conceptualize as a “risk society” in the current information age of capitalism. Thus, once established the forms of degradation of natural resources, added to the new and historical mechanisms of social exploitation, to characterize agroecology and the role it can play in the reconstruction of family farming. The objective of the research is to explain about the role of agroecology in the results of the modernity of agriculture, as it results in deterioration actions with natural resources. This study will consist of a bibliographical approach, using scientific articles to compose the theoretical basis on the application of agroecology in family farming. Originating in a descriptive and explanatory research on modernity and its impacts on agriculture, which needs the action of agroecology to carry out a social and political movement on agriculture in an ecological way. The objective of this study demonstrates that the agroecological movement is a form of transformation for family farming, the science and techniques of agroecology contribute to incorporating new sustainable production forms, with agroecology as a way to maintain natural resources and soil for work human and its productions, making these productions a sustainable future and demonstrating the importance of social concern with the globalization of the world on agriculture.
Monkeypox cases in Brazil, a possible pandemic?
Authors: Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia , Batista-Ventura Hellen Regina Fernandes , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Teixeira Marconi Batista , Soares Frederico Antônio Loureiro
Published: August 2022

Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus, results in a Smallpox-like disease in humans. Since monkeypox in humans was initially diagnosed in 1970 in the Zaire, it has spread to other regions of Africa - West and Central, and cases outside Africa have emerged in recent years. An emerging outbreak of Monkeypox infection is quickly spreading worldwide, being currently reported in more than 70 countries, with more than 14 thousand confirmed cases. In the present preliminary report, we collected and synthesized early data concerning epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing outbreak and we compared them with those of previous outbreaks. In Brazil, the number of cases has been increasing alarmingly, although compared to other European countries, for example, the number of infected in the national territory is still, until the moment of this report, low and controllable (1025 confirmed cases).
Avaliação do oxigênio dissolvido na cerveja durante o processo de trasfega entre a fermentação e maturação
Authors: Souza Patrick Gomes de , Carvalho Mirela Furtado
Published: August 2022

A qualidade sensorial da cerveja é um fator de grande influência sobre a escolha de um produto pelo consumidor no mercado. Essa qualidade é impactada diretamente por diversos mecanismos, entre eles a reação de oxidação. A oxidação de ácidos graxos da cerveja a aldeídos está associada com o sabor indesejado nesse produto. Com isso, o projeto visa reduzir a oxidação da cerveja na etapa de maturação de forma a conservar o sabor original do produto. O experimento consistiu na avaliação dos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido em diversos pontos do circuito Fermat. Durante a etapa do circuito Fermat foram avaliados os níveis de oxigênio dissolvido na cerveja nas seguintes etapas: tanque de fermentação, antes e depois da centrifugação, depois o trocador de calor, entrada do maturador e tanque maturador. A medição do oxigênio foi realizada com aparelho eletrônico DIGOX e os resultados foram expressos em mg L-1. As maiores elevações nos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido na cerveja estão entre as etapas antes e depois da centrifugação e entrada do tanque maturador e tanque maturador cheio. Notou-se que a baixa pressão de gás carbônico injetado na cúpula do tambor da centrífuga foi a principal pausa do incremento. Sendo comprovado após ajustes e novos testes. A causa fundamental do incremento do oxigênio no tanque maturador foi atribuída à impureza do gás carbônico no colchão de CO2. Após essas verificações novos testes foram realizados e os resultados mostraram que houve redução de 65% do oxigênio dissolvido na cerveja após as intervenções citadas.
Production and characterization of thin films based on soy protein isolate with kraft lignin and tannins obtained by casting
Authors: Freitas Anderson Junior de , Souza Nathielle Lourrane Vieira dos Santos , Ferreira e Silva Karoline , Santos Victor Wallace Ribeiro dos , Valente Isabela Lourdes , Dias Marali Vilela , Marconcini José Manoel , Mori Fábio Akira
Published: August 2022

In the present study, soy protein isolate (SPI) multifunctional bioplastics were prepared by casting, with the addition of tannins extracted from Stryphnodendron adstringens and kraft lignin. The films were obtained through biopolymer composites and blends method, prepared at three pHs (8.5, 9.5 and 10.5) and characterized by thermochemical studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, water vapor permeability (WVP), antioxidant activity, water contact angle, surface energy, wettability, and mechanical tests. The composites presented better results when compared to the blend and control films, respectively, in the polarity, hydrophobicity, WVP and especially in the antioxidant activity tests. Nevertheless, no significant difference between the samples was noticed in the thermochemical and spectroscopic studies. The results presented the potential of the composites to produce SPI biopolymers with tannins and kraft lignin, leading to the development of multifunctional materials as an alternative for sustainable packaging.
Elaboração de cerveja artesanal do estilo caxiri beer com adição de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia)
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Neves , Souza Patrick Gomes de , Barreto Eberson da Costa Mena , Lima Jardel Silva de , Silva Viviana Balieiro da
Published: August 2022

Em 2020, o Brasil apresentou crescimento de 14,4% no número de cervejarias com relação ao ano de 2021.  Este segmento vem ganhando espaço com estudos científicos que buscam inovações de cervejas com aromas e sabores mais pronunciados. Baseado nisso o presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar e avaliar uma cerveja artesanal do estilo Caxiri Beer com adição de polpa de camu-camu. Os frutos de camu-camu foram selecionados, despolpados, branqueados e congelados até o momento do uso. Os frutos, a fécula de mandioca e o xarope de guaraná foram avaliados quando ao pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis, densidade e ratio. A cerveja foi preparada em um volume de 20L, em panela de alumínio, dotada de fundo falso e lavagem do bagaço. Ao final do processo as cervejas foram avaliadas quanto ao pH, densidade, cor, amargor, turvação, relação BU/GU, RBR, e submetida a análise de caracterização sensorial por Sommeliers de Cervejas. A polpa de camu-camu apresentou densidade original de 1,021 SG, umidade de 92,56% e pH de 2,77. A fécula de mandioca apresentou umidade com 5,4% e densidade de 1,035 SG. O xarope de guaraná apresentou umidade de 88,57% e densidade de 1,038 SG. O xarope de guaraná possui grande influência na cor do mosto e, como consequência, na cerveja. A cerveja apresentou OG 1,050 SG, amargor de 8,5 IBU, extrato aparente final de 2,25 ºP, teor alcoólico de 5,2 % v/v. A relação BU/GU com resultados próximos e baixos, mostra uma cerveja equilibrada e de baixa intensidade. O RBR abaixo de 0,5 evidencia uma cerveja de baixo amargor, fácil de ser consumida.          A cerveja Caxiri beer com camu-camu apresentou cor cobre, com sabor frutado, levemente ácida, de aparência turva. Refrescante, pouco amarga e equilibrada. Todas as matérias-primas usada no presente estudo apresentaram excelente comportamento sobre a cerveja e que o estilo Caxiri Beer pode se tornar o primeiro estilo importantes características Amazônicas em sua formulação.
Avaliação do extrato de Physalis angulata sobre larvas do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus
Authors: Fantatto Rafaela Regina , Sorrechia Rodrigo , Januário Ana Helena , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Kapp Barbara Regina , Medeiros Camila Baccetti , Pietro Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por grandes perdas na pecuária mundial, causando queda na produção de carne e leite, depreciação do couro, incômodo aos animais e transmissão de hemoparasitoses que podem levar os animais a óbito. O controle desse ectoparasita atualmente é realizado por compostos químicos sintéticos, porém, a maioria com casos de resistência relatados, torna necessário o estudo de novas alternativas naturais necessárias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o extrato de Physalis angulata entre as concentrações 100 - 12,5 mg mL-1 sobre larvas de R. (B.) microplus pelo teste de contato em papel impregnado (TCPI). Os resultados se mostraram promissores sendo as concentrações 100 e 50 mg mL-1 as mais efetivas apresentando 92,24% e 58,47% de mortalidade das larvas respectivamente.
Contenção mecânica x humanização: contributos da enfermagem para o cuidado na saúde mental no âmbito hospitalar
Authors: Figueiredo Júnior Júlio César , Santos Larissa Christiny Amorim dos , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , Lima Luciene Aparecida Campos , Diva de Oliveira Marina , Bruno de Jesus Frandieison , Costa de Morais Maicon , Paula Enimar de
Published: August 2022

O tratamento a pessoa em sofrimento psíquico suscita discussões e contradições relacionadas à humanização, principalmente durante a execução de procedimentos como a contenção mecânica. Sendo utilizada historicamente pelos serviços de saúde sem levar em consideração as inúmeras consequências que seu uso poderá acarretar, utilizada muita das vezes de forma indiscriminada e não reflexiva. O objetivo para elaboração desse estudo foi refletir o papel do profissional de enfermagem na conduta de contenção mecância em relação a humanização, considerando as consiequências para a saúde mental. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura narrativa nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS): Literatura Internacional em Ciência da Saúde (MEDLINE), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), dentre outros. Constatou-se que o uso de contenção mecânica aumenta o risco de lesão pós queda e outros danos indesejáveis, mais do que as impedem. Estando ligado a eventos adversos graves, tais como fraturas de quadril; contusão; luxação dos membros; lesões isquêmicas nas mãos e braços. Ferindo os direitos do cidadão, orgulho, alma e carne de quem é submetido a tal situação. Acomete lacerações profundas no cuidar da equipe, na cultura do cuidar, cuidar com amor, com humanização. Onde a contenção, seja ela mecânica, química ou biológica, desafia a dignidade da pessoa humana, uma vez que não pode se falar em liberdade, paz ou desenvolvimento de uma pessoa que se encontra contida. Desse modo, uma abordagem terapêutica a partir de uma avaliação humanizada e singular é fundamental, o que requer dos profissionais habilidade e rapidez para tomadas de conduta, mantendo sempre uma boa comunicação de forma humanizada, ouvindo seus pacientes calmamente, evitando ao máximo a utilização das contenções.
Impact of climate finance on gender equity for sustainable global development: Can aid for climate action also aid gender equity?
Authors: Waheed Shariq , Waheed Husnain
Published: August 2022

The idea of climate action including adaptation and mitigation is preposterous and unattainable without financial backing and investments, a requisite, which is fulfilled by climate financing. However, the concept of climate action is not synonymous with climate justice, where tackling climate threats with the aid of climate finance does not always manifest in gender-equitable conditions. The current paper presents a broad review of literature, expanding on the ‘distributive, contextual, and procedural’ equity framework on climate mitigation and adaptation strategies including, coastal wetland protection and sustainable agroforestry. The review reveals that the implications of climate finance are not parallelly distributed between men and women and climate action, in several contexts and spaces, exacerbates already existing structural and climate change-induced inequalities even further. To optimize the effectiveness of climate finance, the paper urges authorities and policymakers to integrate gender-responsive components into climate finance frameworks to ratify structural and behavioral inequalities along with empowering women to engage in climate action ventures without undermining their adequate living conditions.
Perspectivas de crescimento da educação à distância no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando
Published: August 2022

Este estudo objetiva apresentar números que comprovam o crescimento da educação à distância no Brasil, com base nos dados disponibilizados pela ABRAEAD (Anuário Brasileiro Estatístico de Educação Aberta e à Distância) e INEP (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira). Em seu desenvolvimento, aponta que no Brasil, a metodologia da educação à distância teve início com os programas educativos transmitidos pelo rádio e a criação do Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB) que alfabetizava jovens e adultos pelo rádio. A educação à distância é hoje considerada um método de distribuir conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes através de meios eletrônicos. Também há uma oportunidade no mercado, para que as empresas ofertem serviços para suprir a demanda pela qualificação, que é notoriamente crescente. O processo educacional à distância baseia-se em quatro etapas: planejamento, desenvolvimento, avaliação e revisão, que serão detalhadas neste trabalho. Por meio do uso da estatística inferencial e com base nos dados fornecidos pelo INEP, foi possível estimar o crescimento da EaD nos próximos anos. Por fim, apresentam-se perspectivas sobre o futuro da educação à distância no Brasil, uma modalidade que, hoje, ainda apresenta maneiras próprias de execução, mas obedece à concepção geral de educação, que se transforma, à medida que se modificam as visões e as necessidades do mundo.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL NO ENSINO FORMAL: MÚSICA E POESIA NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Andrieta Damasceno Marcelle , Bouhid Roseantony
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho de revisão integrativa busca abordar as dificuldades e limitações da educação sexual no ensino formal e defende a importância social de uma educação livre de preconceitos e padrões, em que as diferenças são valorizadas e questionamentos são promovidos, visando indicar aos professores uma alternativa para integrar a educação sexual no ensino formal de maneira interdisciplinar, utilizando-se como recursos a música “Respeita as mina” (Kell Smith) e o “Poema sobre gêneros” (Bráulio Bessa), a fim de facilitar aos professores a discussão de temas que envolvem a sexualidade e de trazer duas opções de abordagem temática. Muito mais que prevenção à gravidez e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, este trabalho propõe uma educação sexual que aborde temas como machismo, diversidade sexual, homofobia e assédio sexual e garanta espaço a esses objetos de estudo, contribuindo para reflexões e para a formação cidadã do aluno.
INCLUSÃO, CURRÍCULO E PLANEJAMENTO: INTERSECÇÕES COM A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: DALLA VALLE PAULO ROBERTO
Published: August 2022

As discussões na perspectiva da educação inclusiva intersecionando diálogo com o planejamento, currículo, diferenças e diversidade têm constituído pauta recorrente no contexto educacional. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo apresenta uma reflexão crítica sobre estes elementos, discutidos e sistematizados na disciplina de Currículo e elaboração de projetos para educação inclusiva, no programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Inclusiva da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, a partir do diálogo entre alguns referenciais teóricos com um curta-metragem que propõem refletir e dialogar com os elementos que fazem parte do cotidiano escolar. A reflexão sobre esta intersecção aponta para necessidade de repensar as práticas escolares, buscando dinamizar processos reflexivos sobre a prática pedagógica dos professores, bem como, a necessidade de repensar o planejamento e o currículo na perspectiva da educação inclusiva, reconhecendo neste contexto, que a proposição e organização de grupos de estudos se apresenta como uma possibilidade para qualificar estes processos.
Mediação e Justiça Restaurativa: Linguagem Mediadora e o Princípio do Não Saber / Mediation and Restorative Justice: Mediating Language and the Principle of Not Knowing
Authors: Boin Carla
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Esse artigo tem como objetivo traçar pontos em comum entre Mediação e Justiça Restaurativa e propor reflexões sobre a importância da linguagem e do que venho chamando de Princípio do Não Sabercomo sustentáculos de um novo paradigma relacional. Palavras Chave: Mediação; Justiça Restaurativa; linguagem mediadora; diálogo; princípio do não saber Abstract: This article aims to trace commonalities between Mediation and Restorative Justice and to propose reflections on the importance of language and what I have been calling the Principle of Not Knowing as pillars of a new relational paradigm.Keywords: Mediation. Restorative justice. Mediating language.
Decolonizing Canadian Water Policy
Authors: McKibbin Corey
Published: August 2022

Meaningful lessons about decolonizing water infrastructure (social, economic and political) can be learned if we scrutinize existing governance principles such as the ones provided by the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Principles on Water Governance (OECD, 2021). Instead of using
only Western frameworks to think about policy within Indigenous spheres of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), the Government of Canada can look to Indigenous ways of knowing to compliment their understanding of how to govern areas of WaSH efficiently. In this paper, the term
Indigenous encompasses First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations (Hanrahan & Hudson, 2014; Blaser, 2012). I present this paper as
a step out of many toward decolonizing water governance in Canada. I hope to have shown in this paper that it is necessary to make space for other voices in water governance. By highlighting the dangers in the Case Studies, three lessons are apparent in this paper: 1. There needs to be an addition of Indigenous Two-Eyed Seeing in water governance; 2. Canada must strengthen its nation-to-nation praxis with Indigenous communities; and 3. There needs to be a creation of space in WaSH that fosters Indigenous voices. This is necessary such that there can be equal participation in policy conversations to mitigate existing problems and explore new possibilities.
Alguns enlaces epistemológicos entre a ciência moderna e a ciência contemporânea
Authors: Araújo David Velanes
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O presente artigo trata da questão dos obstáculos epistemológicos na perspectiva de Francis Bacon e de Gaston Bachelard. Para estes, existem barreiras que se inserem no intelecto humano, condicionando-o, terminando por causar o atraso das ciências. A primeira parte busca compreender em Bacon, em sua “teoria dos ídolos”, a idéia de obstáculo para ciência. A segunda busca compreender essa mesma idéia no pensamento de Bachelard. E na parte final do artigo, se conclui com uma tentativa de mostrar as semelhanças e dessemelhanças no pensamento dos dois filósofos.
Palavras-chave: Ídolos; Obstáculos; Ciência; Epistemologia.
Epistemological entanglements between modern science and contemporary science
Abstract: This article deals the question of the epistemological obstacles from Francis Bacon and Gaston Bachelard’s perspective. For these, there are barriers that fall in the intellect human, conditioning itself, ending to cause the backwardness of the science. The first part searches understand Bacon, in his “theory of idols”, the idea of obstacles to science. The second part searches understand this same idea from Bachelard. At the end, it concludes with an attempt show the similarities and not similarities in thought of both philosophers.
Keywords: Idols; Obstacles; Science; Epistemologist.
Data de registro: 28/05/2016
Data de aceite: 30/11/2016
Pendidikan Perspektif Al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd Serta Relevansinya di Abad 21
Authors: Hania Irfan , Suteja
Published: August 2022

Pembahasan tentang Al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd tidak lekang oleh zaman. Walaupun kedua pemikir islam ini tidak bersepakat dalam kefilsafatan, namun konsep ilmu pengetahuan yang mereka tawarkan selalu menjadi acuan dalam wacana membangun Pendidikan Islam. Benang merah yang didapat dari kedua pemikiran tokoh besar ini adalah penekanan kepada akal dan spiritual. Tulisan ini bertujuan memaparkan konsep pendidikan Islam dan relevansinya di abad 21 ini dalam perspektif Al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd. Penelitian ini berupa riset berbasis pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Temuan dari riset ini yaitu kedua tokoh besar Islam tersebut menuturkan bahwa pendidikan merupakan pembentukan insan paripurna guna memperoleh kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat.
Olive oil protects against progression of heart failure by inhibiting remodeling of heart subsequent to myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Al‐Shudiefat Abd Al‐Rahman , Ludke Ana , Malik Akshi , Jassal Davinder S. , Bagchi Ashim K. , Singal Pawan K.
Published: August 2022

We examined the beneficial effects of olive oil against heart failure post‐myocardial infarction (PMI), induced by coronary artery ligation in rats. Animals were divided into sham and ligated groups and fed either regular chow, olive oil (10% wt/wt), or corn oil (10% wt/wt) and were followed up to 16 weeks. On the echocardiography at 3 days (PMI), in the ligated regular chow (LRC), ligated olive oil (LOO), and ligated corn oil (LCO) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decrease was 12.14%, 16.42%, and 17.53% from the baseline, respectively. However, only LOO group improved LVEF significantly at 16 weeks PMI and became comparable with all sham groups. Both scar formation and collagen deposition at 16 weeks PMI were less pronounced in the LOO group. Myocardial TNF‐α level at 4 weeks of PMI increased by 176%, 11%, and 181% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively. Plasma TNF‐α levels in LOO were significantly lower than LRC group after 4 weeks of PMI. Myocardial redox ratio (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione) decreased at 4 weeks PMI by 44.4%, 16.4%, and 36.9% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively, compared to the baseline. These changes in the redox ratio at 16 weeks PMI were further exacerbated in the LRC and LCO groups. Lipid hydroperoxides formation increased at 4 weeks PMI by 137.4%, 14.6%, and 97.1% in the LRC, LOO, and LCO groups, respectively. Since coronary artery ligation decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, increased myocardial TNF‐α and oxidative stress, and since olive oil was able to inhibit these effects, it is proposed that dietary olive oil modulates cardiac remodeling and heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction.
Reference intervals of 14 biochemical markers for children and adolescence in China: the PRINCE study
Authors: Peng Xiaoxia , Peng Yaguang , Zhang Chuanbao , Zhao Min , Yang Hongling , Cao Sancheng , Li Guixia , Jiang Yongmei , Guo Zhenxin , Chen Dapeng , Xu Jin , Chen Hongbing , Xiang Yun , Mu Runqing , Zeng Jie , Shen Ying , Wang Yan , Li Qiliang , Hu Lixin , Ren Na , Cai Yanying , Zhang Wei , Ma Jie , Yan Ruohua , Chen Wenxiang , Song Wenqi , Ni Xin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The Pediatric Reference Intervals in China (PRINCE) was initiated to establish the reference intervals (RIs) of Chinese children, as well as to make it possible to compare the variability of biochemical markers among countries internationally.

Methods

Healthy participants, aged up to 20 years, from 11 provinces across China, were enrolled in PRINCE and according to a standard screening procedure, that included a questionnaire survey, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Fasting venous blood specimens were collected. All serum specimens were analyzed with Cobas C702 in the center laboratory, i.e. clinical laboratory of Beijing Children’s Hospital, with certified qualification (ISO15189). The nonparametric method recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, was used to calculate the age- and sex-specified RIs.

Results

Among the 15,150 participants enrolled, 12,352 children (6,093 males and 6,259 females) were included to calculate RIs. The RIs for total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, chlorine, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptadase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine and urea were established by age- or sex-partitions. Most biochemical markers displayed larger variability and higher dispersion during the periods between 28 days and 1 year old, and included 4–6 age partitions commonly during 1 to <20 years old. In addition, differences of RIs between sexes usually occurs around the initiation of puberty at 12–13 years old.

Conclusions

The age- and sex-specified RIs of 14 biochemical markers in PRINCE study can provide a solid reference, which will be transferred into relevant RIs for other clinical laboratory’s platforms according to the CLSI guidelines.
Detection of DNA copy number alterations by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Huang Dan , Jin Weijiang , Wang Yourong , Shao Hengrong , Gong Lisha , Luo Zhenni , Yang Zhengquan , Luan Ju , Xie Deyao , Ding Chunming
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are frequently found in malignant tissues. Different approaches have been used for CNA detection. However, it is not easy to detect a large panel of CNA targets in heterogenous tumors.

Methods

We have developed a CNAs detection approach through quantitatively analyzed allelic imbalance by allelotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Furthermore, the copy number changes were quantified by real-competitive PCR (rcPCR) to distinguish loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and genomic amplification. The approach was used to validate the CNA regions detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) in early-stage lung carcinoma.

Results

CNAs were detected in heterogeneous DNA samples where tumor DNA is present at only 10% through the SNP based allelotyping. In addition, two different types of CNAs (loss of heterozygosity and chromosome amplification) were able to be distinguished quantitatively by rcPCR. Validation on a total of 41 SNPs from the selected CNA regions showed that copy number changes did occur, and the tissues from early-stage lung carcinoma were distinguished from normal.

Conclusions

CNA detection by MALDI-TOF MS can be used for validating potentially interesting genomic regions identified from next generation sequencing, and for detecting CNAs in tumor tissues consisting of a mixture of neoplastic and normal cells.
Motion event construal in L2 French and Italian: from acquisitional perspectives to pedagogical implications
Authors: Anastasio Simona
Published: August 2022

This study explores motion event construal in a story-telling task produced by learners of L2 French and Italian (intermediate vs advanced), whose L1 is typologically close to (Italian or French) or distant (English) from the TL. English, characteristically classified as S-language, contrasts with Italian and French, both typically considered as V-languages. Nevertheless, Italian is more satellite-framed than French. We examine (a) the extent to which learners get closer to the target preferences in coding motion, (b) the role of cross-linguistic influence, (c) the implications of our typological and acquisitional results in the language class. The findings show that L2 intermediate productions are similar across L1s’ (no specific L1 effect in L2), whereas cross-linguistic influence is evident at the advanced level when SL-TL have analogous formal structures (verb-particle constructions). L1 Romance learners look for similarities in the L2 rather than for L2-specific alternatives, despite the partial proximity between French and Italian.
Emergency button cannula vs. umbilical catheter as neonatal emergency umbilical vein access – a randomized cross-over pilot study
Authors: Brickmann Christian , Zang Fanny Carlotta , Klotz Daniel , Kunze Mirjam , Lenz Stefan , Hentschel Roland
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Establishing immediate intravenous access to a newborn is challenging even for trained neonatologists in an emergency situation. Correct placement of umbilical catheter or an intraosseous needle needs consistent training. We evaluated the time required to correctly place an emergency umbilical button cannula (EUC) or an umbilical catheter (UC) using the standard intersection (S-EUC or S-UC, respectively) or lateral umbilical cord incision (L-EUC) by untrained medical personnel.

Methods

Single-center cross-over pilot-study using a model with fresh umbilical cords. Video-based teaching of medical students before probands performed all three techniques after assignment to one of three cycles with different sequence, using a single umbilical cord divided in three pieces for each proband.

Results

Mean time required to establish L-EUC was 89.3 s, for S-EUC 82.2 s and for S-UC 115.1 s. Both application routes using the EUC were significantly faster than the UC technique. There was no significant difference between both application routes using EUC (p=0.54).

Conclusions

Using an umbilical cannula is faster than an umbilical catheter, using a lateral incision of the umbilical vein is an appropriate alternative.
The DKTK EXLIQUID consortium – exploiting liquid biopsies to advance cancer precision medicine for molecular tumor board patients
Authors: Mack Matthias , Broche Julian , George Stephen , Hajjari Zahra , Janke Florian , Ranganathan Lavanya , Ashouri Mohammadreza , Bleul Sabine , Desuki Alexander , Engels Cecilia , Fliedner Stephanie M.J. , Hartmann Nils , Hummel Michael , Janning Melanie , Kiel Alexander , Köhler Thomas , Koschade Sebastian , Lablans Martin , Lambarki Mohamed , Loges Sonja , Lueong Smiths , Meyer Sandra , Ossowski Stephan , Scherer Florian , Schroeder Christopher , Skowronek Patrick , Thiede Christian , Uhl Barbara , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Wagner Sebastian , Werner Tamara V. , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Fresser Patrizia , Sültmann Holger , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Winter Christof
Published: August 2022

Testing for genetic alterations in tumor tissue allows clinicians to identify patients who most likely will benefit from molecular targeted treatment. EXLIQUID – exploiting liquid biopsies to advance cancer precision medicine – investigates the potential of additional non-invasive tools for guiding therapy decisions and monitoring of advanced cancer patients. The term “liquid biopsy” (LB) refers to non-invasive analysis of tumor-derived circulating material such as cell-free DNA in blood samples from cancer patients. Although recent technological advances allow sensitive and specific detection of LB biomarkers, only few LB assays have entered clinical routine to date. EXLIQUID is a German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-wide joint funding project that aims at establishing LBs as a minimally-invasive tool to analyze molecular changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Here, we present the structure, clinical aim, and methodical approach of the new DKTK EXLIQUID consortium. Within EXLIQUID, we will set up a multicenter repository of high-quality LB samples from patients participating in DKTK MASTER and local molecular tumor boards, which use molecular profiles of tumor tissues to guide targeted therapies. We will develop LB assays for monitoring of therapy efficacy by the analysis of tumor mutant variants and tumor-specific DNA methylation patterns in ctDNA from these patients. By bringing together LB experts from all DKTK partner sites and exploiting the diversity of their particular expertise, complementary skills and technologies, the EXLIQUID consortium addresses the challenges of translating LBs into the clinic. The DKTK structure provides EXLIQUID a unique position for the identification of liquid biomarkers even in less common tumor types, thereby extending the group of patients benefitting from non-invasive LB testing. Besides its scientific aims, EXLIQUID is building a valuable precision oncology cohort and LB platform which will be available for future collaborative research studies within the DKTK and beyond.
Study of the length and influencing factors of air plasma ignition time
Authors: Wang Guixia , Su Junhong
Published: August 2022

When a high-energy laser acts on a film surface, plasma flashes of both the air and film can be generated simultaneously. However, when the conventional plasma flash method is used to identify thin film damage, there is a misjudgment problem caused by the inability to distinguish the air and film plasma flashes. In order to solve the problem of misjudgment, the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes can be obtained, respectively. If the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes are not equal, they can be distinguished from the time difference. In this paper, a nanosecond Nd:YAG pulse laser is used to break down the air at room temperature and pressure, and the theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are obtained. The curves of the ignition time of air plasma flash with the laser wavelength, incident energy, focusing spot, and pulse width are simulated. The reasons for the changes are analyzed from the perspectives of multiphoton absorption, cascade ionization theory, and electromagnetic theory of laser breakdown gas. The results show that when the laser pulse width is 10 ns, the energy is 160 mJ, and the spot radius is 0.015 cm. The theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are 2.146 and 2 ns, respectively, which are in good agreement. Larger values of laser focus spot size and pulse width relate to a longer ignition time of the air plasma flash, whereas larger values of laser wavelength and incident energy are related to a shorter ignition time. The research reflects the characteristics and electronic transition of air plasma, as well as the micromorphological evolution of the interaction between laser and air, presents the process of air plasma flash generation and growth, and reveals the ignition mechanism of air plasma. It not only provides a basis for improving the traditional plasma flash identification method to identify film damage but also has a certain scientific significance for studying the generation mechanism of laser-supported combustion waves and detonation waves.
Platonic Hylomorphism
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P.
Published: August 2022

Hylomorphism is almost universally claimed to be a staple doctrine of Aristotle. In this paper, I discuss a wide range of texts from the dialogues of Plato that straightforwardly display hylomorphism. Both Plato and Aristotle rest their cognitive realism on their hylomorphism. The crucial difference between Aristotle’s hylomorphism and Plato’s is that Aristotle believes that hylomorphism supports and is supported by essentialism whereas Plato does not. Plotinus presents arguments against Aristotle’s essentialism at the same time as he defends Platonic hylomorphism and his cognitive realism.
Effects of psychosocial stress and performance feedback on pain processing and its correlation with subjective and neuroendocrine parameters
Authors: Schneider Sarah Karen , Pauli Paul , Lautenbacher Stefan , Reicherts Philipp
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Previous research on stress-induced pain modulation suggests that moderate psychological stress usually leads to hyperalgesia while more severe threat results in hypoalgesia. However, existing studies often lack suitable control conditions imperative to identify mere stress effects. Similarly, research mainly focused on pure anticipation of a social threat, not taking into consideration actual experiences of social evaluation. Therefore, we set out to investigate actual social up- and downgrading combined with a standardized stress paradigm to evaluate short-term and prolonged changes in pain perception and their potential association with neuroendocrine and subjective stress parameters.

Methods

We allocated 177 healthy women to four experimental conditions, either the standard version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) followed by positive, negative or no performance feedback, or a well-matched but less demanding placebo version of the TSST. Stress responses were assessed with ratings, salivary alpha-amylase, and salivary cortisol. To capture putative effects of stress on pain, heat pain threshold, ratings of phasic heat pain stimuli, and conditioned pain modulation were measured.

Results

Despite a largely successful stress induction, results do not support a reliable influence of experimentally induced social stress–with or without subsequent performance feedback–on pain in women. Further, we found no clear association of pain modulation and changes in neuroendocrine or subjective stress responses.

Conclusions

Our results contrast previous studies, which repeatedly demonstrated stress-induced hypo- or hyperalgesia. This might be due to methodological reasons as former research was often characterized by high heterogeneity regarding the applied stressors, low sample sizes, and lacking or inconclusive control conditions. Thus, our results raise the question whether pain modulation in women by experimental psychosocial stress might have been overestimated in the past. Future research is necessary, which should employ parametric stress induction methods including well-matched control tasks, taking into consideration the participants’ gender/sex and the time course of the stress response relative to pain assessment.

The study is registered as DRKS00026946 at ‘Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien’ (DRKS) and can be also found at the World Health Organization’s search portal.
Assessing pain after cancer treatment
Authors: Gehr Nina Lykkegaard , Bennedsgaard Kristine , Ventzel Lise , Finnerup Nanna Brix
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Chronic pain is common following cancer treatment. This is a brief discussion of pain assessment after cancer treatment.

Methods

Summary of a lecure for the SASP (Scandinavian Journal of Pain) annual meeting 2022.

Results

Assessment of pain involves identifying the presence of pain, its underlying cause, its impact as well as underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions

Detailed pain assessment is important for the clinic and for epidemiological and mechanistic studies as well as pain treatment studies.
Wandel der Erwerbsformen: War normal gestern?
Authors: Walwei Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Erwerbsformen sind schon seit geraumer Zeit in Bewegung. Vor allem die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Vertragsformen, wie z. B. Teilzeitbeschäftigung oder befristete Arbeitsverträge, legten in der langen Frist zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht vor diesem Hintergrund zwei Fragen nach: Gibt es in den letzten drei Dekaden wirklich einen Trend, der auf eine neue Normalität in der Verteilung der Erwerbsformen schließen lässt? Gingen die Veränderungen eher mit einer Umverteilung von Beschäftigung oder mit einer Erschließung zusätzlicher Beschäftigtengruppen einher? Die auf dem Mikrozensus des Statistischen Bundesamtes basierenden Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass sich die Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Erwerbsformen nicht als kontinuierlich erwiesen haben. In den Jahren des anhaltenden Beschäftigungsaufschwungs vor der aktuellen Corona-Krise hatten sich die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Beschäftigungsformen sogar wieder leicht zurückgebildet. Die Betrachtung des Verhältnisses von Erwerbsformen und Erwerbsbevölkerung legt weiter nahe, dass der Wandel der Erwerbsformen in der Gruppe der sog. „Kernerwerbstätigen“ (25–64-Jährige) nicht mit einer direkten Substitution einhergegangen ist. Ansonsten hätten die Erwerbstätigenquoten der Normalarbeitsverhältnisse für diese Altersgruppe nicht gleichzeitig zunehmen dürfen. Diese Aussage gilt aber den Analysen zufolge nicht für alle Altersgruppen. Sie trifft ausschließlich auf ältere Erwerbstätige zu, deren Arbeitsmarktpartizipation im Untersuchungszeitraum ohnehin deutlich zulegte. Bei den jüngeren Altersgruppen hat der Aufwuchs bei der Teilzeitbeschäftigung die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse jedoch leicht zurückgedrängt. Ob sich daraus Kohorteneffekte ergeben, ist aus heutiger Sicht offen

Der Autor dankt zum einen den anonymen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern für die wertvollen Hinweise. Zum anderen dankt er Daniel Giehl für die tatkräftige Unterstützung bei der Auswertung der Mikrozensus-Daten und der Zusammenstellung der Literatur.

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Pre-Hispanic anthropogenic wetlands in the upper Ica drainage, south-central Andes: dating and context
Authors: Lane Kevin , Beresford-Jones David , Coll Luis , Marsh Erik , Scaife Rob , Greco Catriel , Oros Oliver Huaman , Herrera Alexander , Grant Jennifer , French Charles
Published: August 2022

Humans have engineered their environments throughout the Holocene, especially in the construction of hydraulic infrastructure. In many regions, however, this infrastructure is difficult to date, including the vestiges of water-management systems in the Andean highlands. Focusing on silt reservoirs in the upper Ica drainage, Peru, the authors use cores and radiocarbon dates to demonstrate the pre-Hispanic construction of walls to enhance and expand wetlands for camelid pasture. Interventions dated to the Inca period (AD 1400–1532) indicate an intensification of investment in hydraulic infrastructure to expand production capacity in support of the state. The results are discussed in the context of the hydraulic strategies of other states and empires.