bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing innovation: the role of paradoxical leadership and ambidexterity in fostering team creativity
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tasnim , Ullah Sami
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study, grounded in ambidexterity theory, aims to investigate how paradoxical leadership (PXL) fosters team creativity in high-tech manufacturing companies, with team ambidexterity as a mediator and leader vision as a moderator. Given the fast-paced, innovation-driven demands of the high-tech sector, this research provides insights into how managers can effectively balance contradictory behaviors to drive team innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through a two-wave survey from team leaders and members across 169 teams in high-tech manufacturing companies. The time interval between data collection waves was two weeks. The data was aggregated at the team level using estimates for interrater reliability and interrater agreement. The structural equation modeling in R was used to test hypotheses.

Findings

The findings indicate that PXL positively impacts team creativity directly and through its influence on team ambidexterity. Team ambidexterity mediates the relationship between PXL and team creativity, while leader vision moderates the effects of PXL on team ambidexterity.

Practical implications

PXL benefits high-performance teams in technology sectors, such as software development, where rapid innovation and iterative processes are essential. In health care, PXL can optimize team dynamics, enabling medical research and patient care delivery breakthroughs. Regular training in ambidextrous thinking and feedback mechanisms makes this approach actionable for managers striving to cultivate creativity in high-stakes environments.

Originality/value

This study extends ambidexterity theory by linking PXL and team ambidexterity to team creativity. It provides high-tech manufacturing managers with concrete strategies to balance exploration and exploitation. These findings highlight actionable pathways for companies to sustain innovation in competitive, technology-driven industries.
Study on generation characteristics of a triboelectric ball bearing with defects
Authors: Wang Long , Wang Fengtao , Niu Linkai , Li Xin , Wang Zihao , Yan Shuping
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to combine triboelectric nanogeneration technology with ball bearing structure to achieve energy collection and fault monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, according to the rotation mode of ball bearings, the freestanding mode of triboelectric nanogeneration is selected to design and manufacture a novel triboelectric nanogeneration device Rolling Ball Triboelectric Nanogenerator (RB-TENG) which combines rotary energy collection with ball bearing fault self-sensing.

Findings

The 10,000s continuous operation experiment of the RB-TENG is carried out to verify its robustness. The accurate feedback relationship between the RB-TENG and rotation velocity can be demonstrated by the fitting comparison between the theoretical and experimental electrical signal periods at a certain time. By comparing the output electrical signals of the normal RB-TENG and the rotor spalling RB-TENG and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) balls with different degrees of wear at 500 r/min, it can be concluded that the RB-TENG has an ideal monitoring effect on the radial clearance distance of bearings. The spalling fault test of the RB-TENG stator inner ring and rotor outer ring is carried out.

Originality/value

Through coupling experiments of rotor spalling fault of the RB-TENG and PTFE balls fault with different degrees of wear, it can be seen that when rotor spalling fault occurs, balls wear has a greater impact on the normal operation of the RB-TENG, and it is easier to identify. The fault self-sensing ability of the RB-TENG can be obtained, which is expected to provide an effective scheme for monitoring the radial wear clearance distance of ball bearings.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2024-0295/
Deep learning-based 6-DoF visual relocalization assisted simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Xin , Zhang Yu , Ma Songhui , Ren Xianrui
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods suffer from accumulated errors, especially in challenging environments without loop closure. By constructing lightweight offline maps and using deep learning (DL)-based technology in the two stages, i.e. image retrieval and feature matching, the goal is to reconstruct the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) relationship between SLAM sequences and map sequences. This study aims to propose a comprehensive coarse-to-fine 6-DoF long-term visual relocalization assisted SLAM method specifically designed for challenging environments, aiming to achieve more accurate pose estimation.

Design/methodology/approach

First, image global feature matching and patch-level global feature matching are conducted to achieve optimal frame-to-frame matching. Second, a DL network is introduced to extract and match features between the most similar frames, enabling point-to-point motion estimation. Finally, a fast pose graph optimization method is proposed to achieve real-time optimization of the pose in the SLAM sequence.

Findings

The proposed method has been successfully validated on the real-world FinnForest Dataset and UZH-FPV Drone Racing Dataset. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated using absolute positional error and absolute rotational error. Experimental results show that in most cases, there are significant improvements in the root mean square error and the standard deviation of the error in pose estimation, and it performs better than loop closure in terms of accuracy. This indicates that the method has strong generalizability and robustness.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this study is the proposal of a complete DL-based coarse-to-fine 6-DoF long-term visual relocalization method to assist vSLAM, which demonstrates enhanced robustness and generalizability and can eliminate cumulative errors in pose estimation under challenging environments.
Impact of innovation effort on exports from emerging market firms: limitations arising from complementary resource constraints
Authors: Bose Udichibarna , Sengupta Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of innovation effort on exports of resource constrained emerging market firms (EMFs) and boundary conditions imposed by complementary tangible and intangible resources on this relationship, using the lens of the knowledge-based view (KBV).

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis is based on annualized data from 19,057 Indian firms over the period of 2009–2017, controlling for endogeneity and selection bias (using Heckman correction), firm-level controls, year and sectoral fixed effects, within robust Tobit and ordinary least squares regressions. Export intensity and R&D intensity are the key dependent and independent variables, respectively.

Findings

The baseline impact of innovation effort on exports is found to be a concave inverted U-shape, exhibiting decreasing returns. Availability of complementary resources significantly impacts the nature of this relationship by weakening it for more resource-constrained firms. Faced with relatively greater scale-related constraints, the impact of innovation effort on exports disappears. Greater process-related constraints weaken the relationship as well.

Originality/value

Theoretically, these findings shed light on a nuanced relationship between a firm’s search for knowledge assets and access to foreign markets within resource constrained emerging market contexts. The limitations in the use and applicability of the KBV for EMFs’ internationalization success are highlighted, with suggested directions of future research.
Sharing economy as an alternative to fast fashion: a behavioral intention model
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Ramon , Hintzmann Carolina , Corrons August
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of sharing economy (SE) practices, specifically focusing on virtual clothing sharing platforms (VCSPs) as a sustainable alternative to fast fashion (FF). Given the negative environmental impact, labor exploitation and disposable culture associated with FF, this research aims to understand how economic, environmental and social motivations affect consumer behavioral intentions toward using VCSPs.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a survey of 392 participants from a global online academic institution operating across Europe, Asia, America and Africa. The sample included individuals from diverse professional, demographic and educational backgrounds, providing relevant context for studying VCSPs. The study uses the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) and structural equation modeling to analyze the data, focusing on how motivations and COVID-19 influence consumer engagement with VCSPs.

Findings

The results reveal that environmental and prosocial motivations are the primary determinants driving VCSPs adoption, followed by economic and social factors. The study also identifies a significant impact of COVID-19 on consumer intentions.

Originality/value

This research expands the literature on SE within the fashion sector by providing new insights into consumer behavior. The proposed model enhances the predictive power of DTPB by integrating additional variables, including trust, decomposing perceived utility into four dimensions, COVID-19 influence and new relationships, offering a more holistic view of the adoption process. The findings have significant implications for advancing sustainable fashion initiatives and offer viable alternatives to FF.
A self-powered wireless monitoring system driven by ambient RF energy for switch rails
Authors: Tian Song , Long Haitian , Li Yumei , Sun Yuhua , Wang Ping , Gao Mingyuan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop a novel self-powered monitoring system that uses radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and ultra-low-power management technologies for real-time condition monitoring of switch rails.

Design/methodology/approach

The system is designed for integration within the jump wire holes of switch rails, ensuring structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. It features a highly efficient energy harvesting mechanism combined with optimized power management for wireless sensor nodes. An on-board antenna captures ambient RF energy, managed by high-efficiency circuits to ensure stable wireless sensor operation. An ultra-low-power system-on-chip is used to acquire and transmit multimodal data on vibration and temperature from the switch rails. The data collection is enhanced through a two-threshold approach, adapting to harvested energy levels for self-energy balancing.

Findings

Testing revealed that the energy harvesting subsystem operated stably at distances up to 2.9 m from the RF source, charging a 200 µF capacitor to 4.2 V in just 220 s. The monitoring subsystem’s average power consumption is in the low microwatt range. Continuous operation over 30 days in real conditions resulted in only a 5 mV reduction in battery voltage, indicating successful self-powered operation and validating long-term reliability in unattended scenarios.

Originality/value

This research presents an innovative solution, integrating RF energy harvesting with ultra-low-power technology, which addresses the power and stability challenges faced by traditional monitoring systems.
Preventing Infant Mortality Through Medicaid‐Administered Prenatal Care Coordination: Evidence From Wisconsin
Authors: Mallinson David C. , Nkhoma‐Mussa Yamikani B. , Gillespie Kate H. , Brown Roger L.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To estimate associations between Wisconsin Medicaid's Prenatal Care Coordination (PNCC) program and infant mortality.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We analyzed birth records, Medicaid claims, and infant death records for all resident and in‐state Medicaid‐paid live deliveries during 2010–2018.

Study Design

We measured PNCC exposure during pregnancy dichotomously (none; any) and categorically (none; assessment/care plan only; service receipt). Our outcome was infant mortality (death at age < 365 days). Adjusted binary logit regressions and propensity score weighted regressions tested associations between PNCC receipt and infant mortality, and we estimated probabilities and average marginal effects of infant mortality. We also executed regressions with interactions on maternal race/ethnicity to determine if associations varied across Black non‐Hispanic (NH), Hispanic, and White NH births.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Our sample consisted of 231,540 Medicaid‐paid births during 2010–2018. PNCC is only available to pregnant Medicaid beneficiaries.

Principal Findings

Infant mortality was lower among PNCC assessment/care plan only births (5.0 deaths/1000 births) and PNCC service receipt births (6.1 deaths/1000 births) relative to non‐PNCC births (6.8 deaths/1000 births). This pattern was consistent in Black NH and Hispanic subgroups, but infant mortality did not vary by PNCC among White NH deliveries. Overall, adjusted binary logit regressions indicated that the probabilities of infant mortality were 0.70% for no PNCC and 0.53% for any PNCC, yielding an average marginal effect of −0.17 percentage points (95% confidence interval −0.22 percentage points, −0.11 percentage points). This association did not vary by PNCC exposure level. PNCC‐infant mortality associations were significantly stronger for Black NH births relative to White NH births. Results were consistent in propensity score weighted regressions.

Conclusions

PNCC during pregnancy is associated with a lower probability of infant mortality, particularly in Black NH families. The benefit of PNCC on infant mortality may not depend on receiving services beyond care planning.
Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension as Risk Factors for Advanced Fibrosis in Biopsy Proven Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Inukai Yosuke , Ito Takanori , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Imai Norihiro , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Shimizu Tatsuji , Hattori Masashi , Takeyama Tomoaki , Ando Yusuke , Nishikawa Takahiro , Morita Kiyoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To identify the diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) related to liver fibrosis and to characterize patients with cryptogenic steatotic liver disease (SLD) (non‐MASLD) among those previously diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study included 511 patients diagnosed with NAFLD via liver biopsy, and the prevalence of MASLD was assessed based on the diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into those who met the MASLD criteria and those who did not, and the characteristics of advanced fibrosis and associated cardiometabolic factors were evaluated.

Results

Of the 475 patients with NAFLD, 458 (96.4%) met the criteria for MASLD, showing a high overlap between classical NAFLD and MASLD populations. Severe fibrosis was observed, regardless of the number of cardiometabolic factors. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus significantly contributed to advanced fibrosis (≥ F3), with odds ratio of 1.92 and 2.00 (95% confidence interval of 1.17–3.16 and 1.22–3.28, respectively; both p < 0.01) on multivariate analysis. The other seventeen (3.6%) patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for MASLD. Among them, seven had significant fibrosis and a high fibrosis‐4 index.

Conclusions

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are key metabolic factors associated with advanced fibrosis. Some cases, classified as cryptogenic SLD, also exhibit significant fibrosis. Consequently, identifying high‐risk patients, including those undergoing noninvasive tests for fibrosis, is crucial.
The Economics of External Information and Risky Behavior: A Case Study of Avalanche Forecasting and Backcountry Incidents
Authors: Ferrell Perry , Hall Joshua C. , Zhou Yang
Published: January 2025

Understanding risk taking is an important part of the economic analysis of human behavior. When engaging in risky behaviors, individuals rely on heuristics and external information. It is an open question as to whether external information about fluctuating risk reduces bad outcomes for risk takers. We examine this question using data from avalanche incidents in wintertime backcountry recreation. The number of people traveling in avalanche terrain in the United States has grown exponentially in the past more than 2 decades, yet major avalanche accidents have remained relatively constant. Using data from reported avalanche incidents in Colorado and Utah, this paper shows that additional avalanche forecasting services reduce dangerous incidents. A policy change in Colorado allows for a difference‐in‐differences estimation with neighboring forecast centers, which gives causal estimates of forecasting reducing incidents by 42% on higher danger days. This reduction may be partially offset by an increase in incidents on lowest rated danger days.
Direct‐to‐consumer semen analysis products: Content, accountability, and adherence to clinical guidelines
Authors: Ernandez John , Cook Grayden , Berk Brittany , Berger Alexandra J. , Kathrins Martin
Published: January 2025

Background

Direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) semen analysis (SA) products obviate barriers that deter men from clinic testing and have made strides in providing higher quality data. However, it is unclear how well these products adhere to the 2021 WHO guidelines on examination and processing of human spermatozoa as they pertain to the evaluation of male fertility.

Objective

We investigate the content and adherence to clinical guidelines associated with consumer‐facing information on DTC analysis products.

Materials and methods

Google search terms “at‐home sperm test” and “mail‐in sperm test” were used to identify commercially available products. Products that were offered to providers or were designed for use after vasectomy were excluded. We determined which semen parameters each product offered; if it was validated in subfertile men and against an established semen analysis method; and if it provided guidance in accordance with the WHO 2021 guidelines and related AUA/ASRM guidelines. The accountability and esthetic appearance of content for each product were assessed using the Silberg accountability and modified Abbott's criteria, respectively. Readability was assessed using the Flesch–Kincaid score. Descriptive statistics and two‐tailed t‐tests were used to compare characteristics, with p < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results

We identified 20 at‐home (n = 17) and mail‐in (n = 3) products. 85% of tests reported sperm concentration, with 60% and 15% of tests reporting motility and morphology, respectively. Fewer than half recommended men perform more than one test (40%), and none highlighted the need for partner evaluation. Only 25% were validated among subfertile men. Most tests lacked information on their credentials and sponsors, though were esthetically pleasing. Consumer‐facing information on average required a high school level education for comprehension.

Conclusions

DTC products inconsistently provide clinical recommendations in accordance with guidelines. Additionally, while product content is on average aesthetically appealing, it may lack accountability. Formal recommendations on the content and use of such products may improve their clinical integration.
Is identity leadership provided by coaches and athlete leaders associated with performance? A cross‐cultural study in football teams
Authors: Butalia Radhika , Boen Filip , Haslam S. Alexander , Van Puyenbroeck Stef , Coffee Pete , Biglari Nasrin , Bruner Mark W. , Chaudhary Aashritta , Chmura Paweł , Crozier Alyson J. , George Emma S. , Gurjar Swanaya , Hartley Chris , Huzarski Maciej , Leo Francisco M. , López‐Gajardo Miguel A. , Loughead Todd M. , Machida‐Kosuga Moe , McLaren Colin D. , Nia Seyed Reza Hosseini , Slater Matthew J. , Fransen Katrien
Published: January 2025

The social identity approach to leadership contends that the most effective leaders represent, advance, create, and embed a shared social identity (i.e., a sense of ‘we’ and ‘us’) within the groups they lead. Building on previous research, our study examines whether the perceived identity leadership of coaches and athlete leaders is associated with a range of key performance indicators (notably team and individual performance and effort) through team identification and team cohesion. We also examine if these relationships are generalisable across WEIRD (Westernised, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) and non‐WEIRD countries while looking at whether they vary as a function of national culture (i.e., ingroup collectivism). To this end, we collected data from 3,135 football players across 211 teams in nine countries who engaged in an average of 4.02 sessions per week (SD = 2.03). Data were analysed using multilevel (multigroup) regressions and indicated that coaches' and athlete leaders' perceived identity leadership was associated with all performance indicators via both team identification and cohesion. For the most part, these relationships held across WEIRD and non‐WEIRD countries. However, we also found some evidence that the relationships between identity leadership and performance varied cross‐culturally and were generally stronger in countries high on ingroup collectivism. Together, these data suggest that identity leaders—across geographical and cultural borders—can make teams more effective and that they achieve this by leveraging ‘our’ strength in ways that make ‘us’ more cohesive.
Lateralization of Neural Speech Discrimination at Birth Is a Predictor for Later Language Development
Authors: Bartha‐Doering Lisa , Giordano Vito , Mandl Sophie , Benavides‐Varela Silvia , Weiskopf Anna , Mader Johannes , Andrejevic Julia , Adrian Nadine , Ashmawy Lisa Emilia , Appel Patrick , Seidl Rainer , Doering Stephan , Berger Angelika , Alexopoulos Johanna
Published: January 2025

Newborns are able to neurally discriminate between speech and nonspeech right after birth. To date it remains unknown whether this early speech discrimination and the underlying neural language network is associated with later language development. Preterm‐born children are an interesting cohort to investigate this relationship, as previous studies have shown that preterm‐born neonates exhibit alterations of speech processing and have a greater risk of later language deficits. This investigation also holds clinical importance, as differences in neonatal speech discrimination and its functional networks may serve as predictors of later language outcomes. We therefore investigated neural speech discrimination using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in 92 preterm‐ and term‐born neonates and its predictive value for language development in 45 of them. Three to five years later, preterm‐born and term‐born children did not significantly differ in language comprehension, sentence production, the use of morphological rules, or phonological short‐term memory. In addition, the gestational age at birth was not a significant predictor of language development. Neural speech discrimination, in contrast, was strongly correlated with later phonological short‐term memory. However, not the extent of speech discrimination, but rather its lateralization, was a predictor of language development. Children with less right hemisphere involvement—and therefore more left‐lateralized speech discrimination at birth—showed better development of phonological short‐term memory three to five years later. These findings suggest that the ability of fetuses to form memory traces is reflected by neonatal abilities to neurally discriminate speech, which in turn is a predictor for later phonological short‐term memory.
Assessing Impacts of Offshore Wind Development: An Analysis of the Minimization of Economic Exposure of the Scallop Fishery Through the Regulatory Process
Authors: Chaji Marina , Ardini Greg , Harsch Melanie , Haynie Alan , Lee Min‐Yang , McManus Bryce , Murphy Tammy , Pfeiffer Lisa , Thunberg Eric
Published: January 2025

Offshore wind energy has expanded as a source of clean energy in the United States since the first US offshore wind farm began operations off the coast of Rhode Island in 2016. The emergence of offshore wind has increased the need to manage ocean use across multiple stakeholder groups, a difficult and contentious process. We use 15 years of scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery data to describe how offshore wind may expose one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in the United States to economic risks. Our analysis shows that the current configuration of approved offshore wind lease areas off the northeastern coast of the United States is expected to result in relatively small economic exposure for the scallop fishery. We also illustrate how the measured development process, which includes ample opportunity for stakeholder input, has mitigated exposure through minimization or avoidance by characterizing the change in impacted activity through two case studies. We find moderate to strong levels of exposure mitigation across our three scallop fleet métiers within the Central Atlantic (CA) region. In contrast, exposure mitigation was more variable in the New York Bight (NYB) region suggesting mitigation methods in the NYB are not as effective for the scallop fishery as the CA. The open development process that allowed for early stakeholder engagement has largely mitigated the potential for economic risk of offshore wind on the scallop industry by approving the siting of offshore wind development in less utilized or less productive scalloping areas.
How to Approach a Child About Concerns for Their Mental Health and Seeking Help: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study to Develop Guidelines on Mental Health First Aid for Supporting Children
Authors: Johnson Catherine L. , Kelly Claire M. , Jorm Anthony F. , Garvey William , Hart Laura M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Adults who live or work with children are an important source of support and are gateways to professional help when a child is experiencing a mental health problem. This study aimed to develop consensus‐based guidelines on how adults such as parents, educators or health professionals should approach a child aged 5–12 years to discuss concerns about the child's mental health and seek help.

Methods

A Delphi consensus method with three rounds was used. Experts were recruited from six countries to form three panels: health professionals, educators and people with lived experience (parents and carers, and young people with mental health problems). Statements to be rated were sourced from an online search of websites designed for adults who live or work with children. Further suggestions for statements came from panellists. Statements that reached 80% consensus across all panels were included in the guidelines.

Results

132 participants completed the Round 1 survey, reducing to 54 by Round 3. A total of 248 statements were presented to panel members, with 151 being endorsed and included in the guidelines.

Conclusions

These guidelines represent the first recommendations developed for members of the public providing mental health first aid to children aged 5–12 years.

Patient or Public Contribution

Lived experience advocates (i.e. those with lived experience of a mental health problem in childhood and/or caregiving experience of raising a child with a mental health problem) were involved at two stages of this research: As part of the Advisory Group for the project and as expert panel members. Advisory Group members provided input into the conduct of the study and the content and design of the research outputs. Panel members provided their expertise to review every item to be included in the guidelines, proposed new items to be included, and reviewed and approved the finalised output documents.
Ecological communities in white‐sand Amazonian rainforests are sensitive to deforestation—A dung beetle case
Authors: Ferreira Andreza Carvalho , de Albuquerque Correa César Murilo , Gordo Marcelo , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Zagury , Cupello Mario , Salomão Renato Portela
Published: January 2025

Campinarana is a fragile white‐sand rainforest ecosystem in Amazonia, where mining activities have been an important driver of landscape transformation, threatening biodiversity. Despite its importance for biodiversity, few studies have investigated insects' response to environmental disturbance in campinaranas.

Here, we assess the differences between the dung beetle assemblages of undisturbed and disturbed campinaranas. The studied campinaranas differ substantially in their vegetation structure, the disturbed one strongly affected by mining activities. Dung beetle taxonomic diversity, abundance, biomass, and assemblage structure (species' distribution and relative abundances) from total and functional group perspective and indicator species were recorded in undisturbed and disturbed campinaranas.

A total of 1592 beetles belonging to 42 species were collected in undisturbed campinaranas and 459 beetles from 11 species in disturbed campinaranas. Undisturbed campinaranas encompassed higher diversity, abundance, number of indicator species, and biomass, and their assemblages' structure were distinct from disturbed campinaranas. The abundance of roller dung beetles was the only parameter that was not affected by habitat type.

Our results suggest that undisturbed campinaranas host sensitive ecological communities, with most of the species unable to cope with the changes brought by mining activities. In addition, dung beetle species can be a useful indicator for monitoring environmental disturbance in campinaranas. Considering the extension of the latter across the Amazon, this study provides information to support public policies to mitigate losses caused by deforestation in this hyperdiverse area.
Accounting Reporting Complexity as a Source of Insider Information Advantage: Evidence From Insider Trades
Authors: Duellman Scott , Klaus J. Philipp , Marquardt Blair B.
Published: January 2025

Accounting reporting complexity (ARC) represents the overall difficulty in preparing and consuming the financial statements and is of growing concern to regulators and capital market stakeholders. Although financial statements serve to mitigate information asymmetry between preparers and users, complexity can hinder their effectiveness. We contribute to the evidence on this issue by examining insider trading profits conditional on ARC. Consistent with ARC producing an information advantage to insiders, we document higher returns to executives on the trades executed in the 60 days after the report filing as ARC increases. The most financially sophisticated and informed insiders, the CEO and CFO, appear to adjust their trading activity accordingly. Furthermore, high ARC firms have a weaker correlation between current and future earnings, a weaker earnings response coefficient, and a longer return drift. Collectively, the results document a novel and material cost of ARC. ARC impairs the informativeness of financial reports to market participants, exacerbating the information gap between insiders and other stakeholders. Insiders can use this to their advantage, as they face few trading constraints during the post‐filing period.
A new species of eight‐gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the deep waters of the Lakshadweep Sea, India
Authors: Areeprambil Xavier Treasa Augustina , Sreeram Miriam Paul , Sukumaran Sandhya , Kalli Valappil Akhilesh , Kaippaparambil Manikandan Sreekumar , George Grinson
Published: January 2025

A new species of eight‐gilled hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) is described based on five specimens trawled on the upper continental slope off Kollam, Kerala, India, northern Indian Ocean. Eptatretus gopali sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the presence of eight‐gill pouches and gill apertures, 10–11 pre‐brachial, 7 branchial, 50–55 trunk, 9–10 tail slime pores, 77–82 total pores, 3/2 multicusp teeth pattern, 40–44 total cusps, absence of nasal‐sinus papillae, and a light brown body color. Detailed morphological comparisons with all known eight‐gilled species of Eptatretus showed that the new species was distinct from all others by having 40–44 total cusps, characteristic body proportions, and the shortest tail length. E. gopali formed a district clade in the phylogenetic tree and exhibited a genetic distance of 3.6%–11.6% in Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) sequences and 2.0%–4.9% in 16S rRNA sequences between the congeners. An identification key is also provided for the species of Eptatretus from the Indian Ocean.
Aggregating flood damage functions: The peril of Jensen's gap
Authors: Bryant Seth , Reimer Jody , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno
Published: January 2025

Flood risk models provide important information for disaster planning through estimating flood damage to exposed assets, such as houses. At large scales, computational constraints or data coarseness often lead modelers to aggregate asset data using a single statistic (e.g., the mean) prior to applying non‐linear damage functions. This practice of aggregating inputs to nonlinear functions introduces error and is known as Jensen's inequality; however, the impact of this practice on flood risk models has so far not been investigated. With a Germany‐wide approach, we isolate and compute the error resulting from aggregating four typical concave damage functions under 12 scenarios for flood magnitude and aggregation size. In line with Jensen's 1906 proof, all scenarios result in an overestimate, with the most extreme scenario of a 1 km aggregation for the 500‐year flood risk map yielding a country‐wide average bias of 1.19. Further, we show this bias varies across regions, with one region yielding a bias of 1.58 for this scenario. This work applies Jensen's 1906 proof in a new context to demonstrate that all flood damage models with concave functions will introduce a positive bias when aggregating and that this bias can be significant.
Exploring the Nutrition Care Journey of People Living With Obesity in Acute Care
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Noble Kia , Flynn Daphne , Bauer Judy , Gibson Simone
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent studies show a high prevalence in hospital populations and best practice evidence indicates that people living with obesity should receive dietetic advice. However, patients often do not receive this care in acute settings. Understanding the experiences of people living with obesity is crucial to designing successful strategies for management.

Objective

This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of nutrition care for patients living with obesity in the acute hospital setting and to redesign an optimised patient journey using a design approach. Using patient journey mapping, nutrition care across the inpatient admission was explored. A lived experience perspective was applied to reflect on the patient journey and interactions of patients with dietetic services in the acute setting. A co‐creation session was conducted with dietitians and consumers to redesign the patient journey.

Results

The patient journey revealed that for patients living with obesity, discussions about weight were absent from the journey from all healthcare professionals. For patients receiving dietetic care, the Nutrition Care Process was followed; nutrition intervention focused on acute nutrition issues with increased energy and protein prescription: a lack of goal setting and absence of discharge planning. The redesign of the nutrition care journey identified pivot points in the pathway to support engagement in obesity‐related care.

Conclusion

The findings from this study provide new insights into current nutrition care for people living with obesity in the acute setting. These findings can inform future education, research and advocacy for practice changes to improve dietetic care for people living with obesity.
Quantitative Evaluation of Improvement of Tear Trough With a Non‐Cross‐Linked Sodium Hyaluronic Compound: A Three‐Dimensional and MRI Analysis
Authors: Su Di‐Ya , Zou Mu‐Yan , Wang Shi‐Wei , Dong Lei , Wu Jia‐Xu , Hu Xi‐Yue , Wang Jie‐Qing
Published: January 2025

Background

Tear trough deformities are indicative of aging, progressively manifesting as pronounced infraorbital hollows. Although hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are favored for their safety and efficacy, quantifiable evidence of their effect of action still remains insufficient.

Aims

To investigate the efficacy of non‐cross‐linked HA compound in tear trough enhancement.

Methods

Twenty‐one subjects with moderate to severe infraorbital hollows underwent a single treatment including subcutaneous to supraperiosteal injections of a non‐cross‐linked HA compound. The effectiveness was assessed through Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale (AIHS), satisfaction rates, the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and quantitative analyses via Canfield VECTRA 3D imaging and MRI measurements during the 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

A total of 0.67 ± 0.31 and 0.77 ± 0.42 mL of the non‐cross‐linked HA compound were injected into the left and right suborbital regions, respectively. Substantial improvements in AIHS were observed in 85.71% and 80.95% of subjects at 6 months posttreatment, as assessed by blinded evaluators and treating investigators, respectively. 3D imaging showed volume increases of 0.87 ± 0.32 (left) and 0.99 ± 0.45 mL (right). MRI analysis provided closely aligned results to the 3D analysis. The GAIS and satisfaction rate were 85.71%, 90.48% for treating investigators and were 90.48% and 95.24% for subjects 6 months posttreatment.

Conclusions

The non‐cross‐linked HA filler demonstrated a safe and efficacious profile for the correction of infraorbital hollows with significant patient satisfaction and sustained outcomes up to 6 months posttreatment. These results support their clinical value in periorbital rejuvenation and reduction of infraorbital hollowing.
Immediate loading of implants inserted in implant beds prepared with conventional or ultrasonic osteotomy in the esthetic zone: Randomized clinical trial with 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Godoy‐Reina Isabel , González‐Jaranay Maximino , Moreu Gerardo , Aguilar‐Salvatierra Antonio
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This randomized clinical trial compared 12‐month outcomes of narrow platform implants (NP) or regular platform implants (RP) in beds prepared with conventional versus ultrasonic osteotomy and immediately loaded.

Materials and Methods

Patients requiring narrow (3.0 mm) or regular (3.75 mm) implants in the upper esthetic zone were randomly allocated for conventional (10 NP, 15 RP implants) or ultrasonic (10 NP, 15 RP) osteotomy. Primary and secondary implant stability, operation time, patient discomfort, and probing depths were evaluated after different time periods.

Results

Implant bed preparation time was longer (p < 0.001) with ultrasonic osteotomy versus conventional drilling (CD) in both RP and NP groups. Post‐operative pain was lesser with ultrasonic preparation on postsurgical days 1 (p = 0.022) and 7 (p < 0.001) in the RP group and days 1, 4, and 7 (p = 0.015, p = 0.019, p = 0.003) in the NP group. Secondary stability at 3 months was higher in the NP group with ultrasonic preparation versus CD (p = 0.002). No significant differences in probing depth were found between 3 and 12 months in either group with either technique. The 12‐month success rate was 100% in both groups with both preparations.

Conclusions

Regular diameter implants in beds prepared by ultrasonic osteotomy have comparable primary and secondary stability to those in beds prepared by conventional osteotomy and can be immediately loaded, showing a similar 12‐month success rate. Narrow diameter implants placed in beds prepared by ultrasonic osteotomy have comparable primary stability values to those in conventionally prepared beds, but implant stability quotient values were always insufficient for immediate loading.
A Jump‐Driven Self‐Exciting Stochastic Fish Migration Model and Its Fisheries Applications
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Yamazaki Kazutoshi
Published: January 2025

We introduce a stochastic continuous‐time model via a self‐exciting process with jumps to describe a seasonal migration event of diadromous fish exemplified by Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis. The dynamics of the stored population at a point in a river, waiting for their upward migration, increases by the inflow of fish from the downstream/ocean and decreases by their outflow due to their upstream migration. The inflow is assumed to occur at a constant rate until an Erlang‐distributed termination time. The outflow is modeled by a self‐exciting jump process to incorporate the flocking and social interactions in fish migration. Harvested cases under barrier‐ and threshold‐type strategies are also studied for fisheries applications. We derive the backward Kolmogorov equations and the associated finite‐difference method to compute various performance indices including the mean migration period and harvested populations. Detailed numerical and sensitivity analysis are conducted to study the spring upstream migration of P. altivelis.
‘While Strictly Speaking It Is Illegal, You Can Work as Long as You Want’: How Platform Facades Enable Gig Workers to Comply With, Bend and Break Migration Rules
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Veen Alex , Wright Chris F.
Published: January 2025

Migrant workers are frequently viewed as passive recipients of immigration controls. Bringing together three strands of the migration literature, namely the structuralist, agency and temporal perspectives, we analyse how migrant workers in the Australian gig economy navigate immigration controls and labour market barriers, thereby advancing debates on gig work and migration. We examine migrant workers' (non)compliance with working rights restrictions and their adherence to, or disregard for, local rules and regulations. Drawing upon 38 interviews with 30 migrants working via ‘emerging’ food‐delivery platforms, which use ‘platform facades’—an original concept this article develops—rather than comprehensive algorithmic architectures, we find these workers use these platforms' relative lax compliance regimes, independent contractor engagement‐model and work practices to circumvent migration restrictions, with co‐ethnic networks playing a facilitative role. The findings highlight the importance of temporal orientations and migration intentions for understanding migrant gig workers' (non)compliance behaviours.
Herbert Simon's Legacy for Public Administration
Authors: Gomes Ricardo C. , Domingos Fernando D.
Published: January 2025

Herbert Simon's pioneering developments on bounded rationality and artificial intelligence (AI) have had a profound and lasting impact on public administration. This paper systematically examines Simon's legacy, exploring how his concepts have shaped scholarship in three core areas: decision‐making, human performance, and organizational knowledge. By connecting Simon's insights into contemporary advancements in AI, we highlight several avenues for further research. We uncover opportunities to enhance administrative processes while addressing pressing ethical and operational challenges, such as designing adaptive frameworks that balance innovation with accountability in public administration. Simon's work continues to offer essential guidance for navigating the complexities of governance in the digital age.
Tomato Defenses Under Stress: The Impact of Salinity on Direct Defenses Against Insect Herbivores
Authors: Pawar Sahil V. , Paranjape Sujay M. , Kalowsky Grace K. , Peiffer Michelle , McCartney Nate , Ali Jared G. , Felton Gary W.
Published: January 2025

Abiotic stressors, such as salt stress, can reduce crop productivity, and when combined with biotic pressures, such as insect herbivory, can exacerbate yield losses. However, salinity‐induced changes to plant quality and defenses can in turn affect insect herbivores feeding on plants. This study investigates how salinity stress in tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicum cv. Better Boy) impacts the behavior and performance of a devastating insect pest, the tomato fruitworm caterpillar (Helicoverpa zea). Through choice assays and performance experiments, we demonstrate that salt‐stressed tomato plants are poor hosts for H. zea, negatively affecting caterpillar feeding preferences and growth rates. While changes in plant nutritional quality were observed, the primary factor influencing insect performance appears to be direct ionic toxicity, which significantly impairs multiple life history parameters of H. zea including survival, pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity. Plant defense responses show complex interactions between salt stress and herbivory, with two proteinase inhibitor genes ‐ PIN2 and AspPI, showing a higher induced response to insect herbivory under salt conditions. However, plant defenses do not seem to be the main driver of reduced caterpillar performance on salt‐treated plants. Furthermore, we report reduced oviposition by H. zea moths on salt‐treated plants, which was correlated with altered volatile emissions. Our findings reveal that H. zea exhibits optimal host selection behaviours for both larval feeding and adult oviposition decisions, which likely contribute to its success as an agricultural pest. This research provides insights into the complex interactions between abiotic stress, plant physiology, and insect behaviour, with potential implications for pest management strategies in saline agricultural environments.
Poorer Treatment Response in Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hanania Hannah L. , Gupta Rohit , Marsiglia Amanda , Hunt Raegan
Published: January 2025

An association between confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP) and obesity has been reported; however, the relationship between CARP treatment response and obesity remains unknown. A retrospective chart review was performed of 92 pediatric patients diagnosed and treated for CARP during a 7‐year period at a single institution. Twenty‐three non‐obese patients responded to therapy at a higher rate compared to 69 obese patients (100% vs. 77.5%; p = 0.009) regardless of treatment duration, treatment type, age, or sex, based on multivariable analysis. Our results demonstrate an association between obesity and poorer treatment response necessitating prospective research to better investigate the relationship between CARP severity, weight class, and optimization of medical therapy.