bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Painting in polarization
Authors: Slepkov Aaron D.
Published: July 2022

The array of colors and patterns seen when birefringent materials are inserted between polarizers is a source of amusement, popular science demonstrations, and art. This phenomenon of polarization-filtered coloration is commonly but misleadingly referred to as “interference colors,” despite not arising from the effects of interference. In this work, I clarify the link between polarization filtering and the observed colors and demonstrate how various aspects of birefringence in common household films provide opportunities and challenges for their use in art.
Characterizing first and second language rhythm in English using spectral coherence between temporal envelope and mouth opening-closing movements
Authors: He Lei
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the rhythmic differences between first and second language English from 19 native speakers of American English and an equal number of native speakers of Mandarin. Speech rhythm was viewed from MacNeilage's frame/content theory. The spectral coherence between the temporal envelope and the mouth opening and closing kinematics was computed to operationalize the rhythmic frame. The spectral centroid, spread, rolloff, flatness, and entropy were calculated to reveal the frequency distribution patterns in the coherence. Using a binary logistic regression model, these measures were collectively found to be effective in characterizing rhythmic differences between native and non-native groups (A′ = 0.71 and B″D = –0.06). Specifically, the native group was significantly higher than the non-native group in terms of spectral centroid and spread, whereas the native group was significantly lower than its non-native counterpart in terms of spectral flatness and entropy. Both groups were not significantly different in spectral rolloff. Possible explanations for the result as well as the efficacy of employing the aforesaid coherence in speech rhythm research in general were discussed.
Image representation of the acoustic signal: An effective tool for modeling spectral and temporal dynamics of connected speech
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Hamzeh , Doyle Philip C. , Searl Jeff
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have advocated for the use of connected speech in clinical voice and speech assessment. This suggestion is based on the presence of clinically relevant information within the onset, offset, and variation in connected speech. Existing works on connected speech utilize methods originally designed for analysis of sustained vowels and, hence, cannot properly quantify the transient behavior of connected speech. This study presents a non-parametric approach to analysis based on a two-dimensional, temporal-spectral representation of speech. Variations along horizontal and vertical axes corresponding to the temporal and spectral dynamics of speech were quantified using two statistical models. The first, a spectral model, was defined as the probability of changes between the energy of two consecutive frequency sub-bands at a fixed time segment. The second, a temporal model, was defined as the probability of changes in the energy of a sub-band between consecutive time segments. As the first step of demonstrating the efficacy and utility of the proposed method, a diagnostic framework was adopted in this study. Data obtained revealed that the proposed method has (at minimum) significant discriminatory power over the existing alternative approaches.
An experimental investigation of noise characteristics of overlapping propellers
Authors: Bu Huanxian , Ma Zhida , Zhong Siyang
Published: July 2022

Multiple propellers arranged in overlapping configurations can reduce the sizes of unmanned aerial vehicles for compact architectures. However, the resulting aerodynamic interaction between the propellers could lead to extra noise and calls for extra studies on acoustic physics. In this work, we conducted aeroacoustic tests of two overlapping propellers in an anechoic chamber, focussing on the influence of the axial separation distance and lateral tip spacing at different tip Mach numbers, ranging from 0.18–0.23 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 5.2 × 104 to 6.7 × 104. The results indicate that, compared with the coplanar configurations, the propeller thrusts of the overlapping propellers are deteriorated. The rear propeller under the impingement of the upstream wake flows is significantly affected, leading to the mean value of the thrust being reduced by up to 8.2% and the thrust fluctuation being increased. Consequently, the tonal noise is intensified by up to 10 dB at the low observation angles (referenced to the rotation axis). However, the broadband noise is slightly changed within 3 dB. Also, the lateral tip spacing has a primary impact on the noise characteristics, while the effect of the axial separation distance is secondary.
Effectiveness of Fitbit Activity Prompts in Reducing Sitting Time and Increasing Physical Activity in University Employees: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boudreaux Benjamin D. , Schenck Julie A. , Chu Zhixuan , Schmidt Michael D.
Published: July 2022

Consumer activity devices use prompts to alter sedentary and physical activity (PA) behaviors. However, it is unclear if PA prompts are effective. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of PA prompts from a consumer wearable device in reducing sitting time and increasing PA in university employees. Methods: Thirty-three university employees without a history of consumer activity device wear were randomly assigned a Fitbit Alta HR that administered PA prompts (Prompt group) or had the prompt feature deactivated (No Prompt group). Participants wore an activPAL for 5–7 days to measure baseline sitting time and PA behaviors. Participants then wore the Fitbit for 12 days during waking hours and an activPAL during the last 5–7 days of the Fitbit wear period. Changes in activPAL sitting time and PA were compared across groups. Mean Fitbit steps taken in the first 50 min and the last 10 min of each hour were calculated and compared across groups during “Inactive” hours (<250 steps in the first 50 min), where a prompt was given (Prompt group) or would have been given (No Prompt group). Results: Mean activPAL sitting time increased in the Prompt group (0.66 ± 1.70 hr/day) and remained stable in the No Prompt group (−0.04 ± 1.29 hr/day), with no statistically significant differences between groups (d = 0.33, p = .36). Moderate to vigorous PA increased modestly in both groups, but no significant differences were observed. Fitbit steps during the last 10 min of inactive hours did not differ across groups. Conclusion: Fitbit PA prompts did not alter sitting time or PA behaviors in university employees.
Effects of Warm-Up Training on Psychomotor Vigilance and Repeated-Sprint Ability of Professional Soccer Referees: A Pilot Study
Authors: Busquets-Ferrer Mateu , González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso
Published: July 2022

For this research, we analyzed the immediate effects of warm-up condition (WC) or without warm-up condition (WWC) on amateur referees’ physical and cognitive functioning. Eight professional soccer referees from the Balearic Committee of Football Referees were the participants of this study. Body composition characteristics were measured and the scores on three tests were recorded: the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery, repeated-sprint ability, and psychomotor vigilance task. Regarding results, the psychomotor vigilance task was performed better after warm-up training (p = .002, η2 = .79) with faster reaction times following WC (M = 318.2, SD = 27.1 ms) than WWC (M = 334.9, SD = 26.1). Similarly, the referees’ performance was better on the repeated-sprint ability test after WC (p = .002, d = 0.53) than WWC, with minimum and average power values higher after WC (M = 626.77, SD = 112.57) than WWC (M = 562.35, SD = 79.63). We conclude that re-warm-up training may mitigate the vigilance performance changes caused by effects of rest on soccer referees.
Reference genomes for conservation
Authors: Paez Sadye , Kraus Robert H. S. , Shapiro Beth , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Jarvis Erich D. ,   Vertebrate Genomes Project Conservation Group, Al-Ajli Farooq Omar , Ceballos Gerardo , Crawford Andrew J. , Fedrigo Olivier , Johnson Rebecca N. , Johnson Warren E. , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Morin Phillip A. , Mueller Ralf C. , Ryder Oliver A. , Teeling Emma C. , Venkatesh Byrappa
Published: July 2022

High-quality reference genomes for non–model species can benefit conservation
One step closer to cancer nanomedicine
Authors: Winter Jessica O.
Published: July 2022

High-throughput tool uncovers links between cell signaling and nanomaterial uptake
The quest for more food
Authors: Kelly Steven
Published: July 2022

Rice yield is increased by boosting nitrogen uptake and photosynthesis
As Omicron rages on, virus’ path remains unpredictable
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: July 2022

Fast-spreading subvariants are coming and going. But an entirely new variant could still emerge
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lysinibacillus
sp. Strain BPa_S21, Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Soil in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okenmor Grace A. , Kutshik Richard J. , Longdet Ishaya Y.
Published: July 2022

Lysinibacillus
sp. strain BPa_S21 was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil in Nigeria. Here, we present the draft genome sequence, consisting of a 4,813,249-bp genome with 4,666 protein-coding sequences, 4,580 functionally assigned genes, and 74 RNA genes. An average nucleotide identity-based whole-genome comparison suggests that this is a novel species within the
Lysinibacillus
genus.
Genome-Resolved Metaproteomics Decodes the Microbial and Viral Contributions to Coupled Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in River Sediments
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramos Josué A. , Borton Mikayla A. , McGivern Bridget B. , Smith Garrett J. , Solden Lindsey M. , Shaffer Michael , Daly Rebecca A. , Purvine Samuel O. , Nicora Carrie D. , Eder Elizabeth K. , Lipton Mary , Hoyt David W. , Stegen James C. , Wrighton Kelly C.
Published: July 2022

Here we created HUM-V (
h
yporheic
u
ncultured
m
icrobial and
v
iral), an annotated microbial and viral MAG catalog that captures strain and functional diversity encoded in these Columbia River sediment samples. Demonstrating its utility, this genomic inventory encompasses multiple representatives of dominant microbial and archaeal phyla reported in other river sediments and provides novel viral MAGs that can putatively infect these.
Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 Using a High-Resolution Melting-Based Assay: a Pilot Study
Authors: Aoki Akira , Adachi Hirokazu , Mori Yoko , Ito Miyabi , Sato Katsuhiko , Okuda Kenji , Sakakibara Toru , Okamoto Yoshinori , Jinno Hideto
Published: July 2022

This study seeks to apply a novel high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to identify and discriminate BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Variant BA.2 may cause more severe disease than variant BA.1, meaning that identifying this variant is an important step toward improving the care of patients suffering from COVID-19.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Chlorimuron-Ethyl-Degrading Strain: Chenggangzhangella methanolivorans CHL1 and Its Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Yu Zhixiong , Gu Wu , Yang Yi , Li Xiang , Li Xinyu , Li Tingting , Wang Jian , Su Zhencheng , Li Xu , Dai Yumeng , Xu Mingkai , Zhang Huiwen
Published: July 2022

Chlorimuron-ethyl is a commonly used sulfonylurea herbicide, worldwide. However, its residues in soil and water have a potent toxicity toward sensitive crops and other organisms, such as microbes and aquatic algae, and this causes serious problems for the environment.
Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atakan Muhammed M , Guzel Yasemin , Shrestha Nipun , Kosar Sukran N , Grgic Jozo , Astorino Todd A , Turnagol Huseyin H , Pedisic Zeljko
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise (FatOx) and how they compare with the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenDissertations, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies using a between-group design, involving adult participants who were not trained athletes, and evaluating effects of HIIT or SIT on FatOx (vs no exercise or MICT) were included.

Results

Eighteen studies of fair-to-good quality were included; nine comparing HIIT or SIT with no exercise and eleven comparing HIIT or SIT with MICT. A significant pooled effect of these types of interval training on FatOx was found (mean difference in g/min (MD)=0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.12;p<0.001). Significant effects were found for exercise regimens lasting ≥4 weeks, and they increased with every additional week of training (β=0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.02;p=0.003). HIIT and/or SIT were slightly more effective than MICT (MD=0.03; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05;p=0.005). The effects on FatOx were larger among individuals with overweight/obesity.

Conclusion

Engaging in HIIT or SIT can improve FatOx, with larger effects expected for longer training regimens and individuals with overweight/obesity. While some effects seem small, they may be important in holistic approaches to enhance metabolic health and manage obesity.
Eosinophilic myositis: could it be an adult-onset dystrophy?
Authors: Reardon Katrina , McKelvie Penny
Published: July 2022

A 40-year-old woman presented with a 20 kg weight loss and asymmetrical hip and shoulder girdle muscle weakness; she had a raised serum creatine kinase and mild peripheral blood eosinophilia. There was no evidence of a parasitic infection or vasculitis. A muscle biopsy showed eosinophilic myositis. Following treatment with oral corticosteroid, methotrexate and intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, her weakness initially mildly improved and her serum creatine kinase reduced. However, despite continued immunosuppression her condition progressed over 3 years. The pattern of muscle weakness suggested a muscular dystrophy. Genetic testing confirmed heterozygous calpain mutations consistent with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A.
Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection: Association of British Neurologists consensus guideline
Authors: Cauchi Marija , Willis Mark , Andrews Angela , Backx Matthijs , Brownlee Wallace , Ford Helen L , Gran Bruno , Jolles Stephen , Price Sian , Rashid Waqar , Schmierer Klaus , Tallantyre Emma C
Published: July 2022

Infection in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is of major concern, particularly for those receiving disease-modifying therapies. This article explores the risk of infection in people with MS and provides guidance—developed by Delphi consensus by specialists involved in their management—on how to screen for, prevent and manage infection in this population.
Core outcome set for peripheral regional anesthesia research: a systematic review and Delphi study
Authors: Hill Jeremy , Ashken Toby , West Simeon , Macfarlane Alan James Robert , El-Boghdadly Kariem , Albrecht Eric , Chin Ki Jinn , Fox Ben , Gupta Ashwani , Haskins Stephen , Haslam Nat , Hogg Rosemary MG , Hormis Anil , Johnston David F , Mariano Edward R , Merjavy Peter , Moll Timothy , Parry James , Pawa Amit , Russon Kim , Sebastian Maria Paz , Turbitt Lloyd , Womack Jonathan , Chazapis Maria
Published: July 2022

Background/importance

There is heterogeneity among the outcomes used in regional anesthesia research.

Objective

We aimed to produce a core outcome set for regional anesthesia research.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and Delphi study to develop this core outcome set. A systematic review of the literature from January 2015 to December 2019 was undertaken to generate a long list of potential outcomes to be included in the core outcome set. For each outcome found, the parameters such as the measurement scale, timing and definitions, were compiled. Regional anesthesia experts were then recruited to participate in a three-round electronic modified Delphi process with incremental thresholds to generate a core outcome set. Once the core outcomes were decided, a final Delphi survey and video conference vote was used to reach a consensus on the outcome parameters.

Results

Two hundred and six papers were generated following the systematic review, producing a long list of 224 unique outcomes. Twenty-one international regional anesthesia experts participated in the study. Ten core outcomes were selected after three Delphi survey rounds with 13 outcome parameters reaching consensus after a final Delphi survey and video conference.

Conclusions

We present the first core outcome set for regional anesthesia derived by international expert consensus. These are proposed not to limit the outcomes examined in future studies, but rather to serve as a minimum core set. If adopted, this may increase the relevance of outcomes being studied, reduce selective reporting bias and increase the availability and suitability of data for meta-analysis in this area.
Diet and ontogeny drastically alter the larval microbiome of the invertebrate modelGalleria mellonella
Authors: Gohl Patrick , LeMoine Christophe M.R. , Cassone Bryan J.
Published: July 2022

Larvae of the greater wax moth ( Galleria mellonella) are an emerging animal model to study the innate immune response and biodegradation of plastic polymers. Both of these complex biological processes are likely impacted by the plasticity of host–microbe interactions, which remains understudied in lepidopterans. Consequently, we carried out 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the effect diet (natural, artificial) has on the bacterial assemblages of G. mellonella in different tissues (gut, fat bodies, silk glands) throughout development (eggs, six instar stages, adults). The microbiome was rich in diversity, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes being the most represented phyla. Contrary to other lepidopterans, G. mellonella appears to possess a resident microbiome dominated by Ralstonia. As larvae progress through development, the bacterial assemblages become increasingly shaped by the caterpillar's diet. In particular, a number of bacteria genera widely associated with the G. mellonella microbiome (e.g., Enterococcus and Enterbacter) were significantly enriched on an artificial diet. Overall, these results indicate that the G. mellonella microbiome is not as simplistic and homogenous as previously described. Rather, its bacterial communities are drastically affected by both diet and ontogeny, which should be taken into consideration in future studies planning to use G. mellonella as model species.
Increased information on biodiversity from the neglected part of the North Pacific contributes to the understanding of phylogeny and taxonomy of nudibranch molluscs
Authors: Korshunova Tatiana , Martynov Alexander
Published: July 2022

Understanding of the biological diversity, involving molecular phylogenetic methods, is a fundamental task for a broad array of evolutionary, taxonomic, and ecological studies, as well as a basis for conservation. Our hydrobiological survey during an expedition in 2021 to the coastal waters of the Kuril Islands (the northwestern Pacific) revealed the undocumented diversity of the nudibranch molluscs. Two new species of the genera Zelentia and Cuthonella are described here using analysis of fine-scale morphological and molecular data. Representatives of the genus Zelentia prior to this study were known only from the North Atlantic and from the Canadian and US northeastern Pacific. In addition, two new distributional records of the previously described species Cuthonella denbei Korshunova et al., 2020 and Cuthonella soboli Martynov, 1992 are presented here for the first time. The molecular phylogenetic framework for the majority of the species of the genera Cuthonella and Zelentia, including the two new species, confirmed the taxonomic distinctness of the genus Zelentia (family Trinchesiidae) and the genus Cuthonella (family Cuthonellidae), and represents another important result of this study.
Triggers and consequences of wolf (Canis lupus) howling in Yellowstone National Park and connection to communication theory
Authors: Theberge John B. , Theberge Mary T.
Published: July 2022

Animal vocal communication is rife with concepts that, while important, are difficult to evaluate in nature. Particularly interesting is their application to large social mammalian carnivores characterized by year-long, loud vocalization. Here, we quantified triggers and consequences of 504 wolf ( Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) howl events in Yellowstone National Park observed across 16 years. We related our results to two general theories of animal communication: that vocalization is more about communicating emotional/motivational states than a purposeful transfer of detailed information and that flexibility in use of long-distance vocalizations has been important to overall behavioural plasticity and advanced sociality in non-human primates and large social carnivores. In our study, half the howl events were triggered by 12 different environmental or social situations, most of which generated levels of anxiety. The remainder were non-triggered, apparently motivated internally but in contexts that reflected basic adaptive drives such as bonding and pack coordination. Approximately half of all howl events elicited either a change in sender activity or responding howls or travel from distant wolves, which we quantified. Wolf howling was inconsistent (low percentage of occurrence) in most behavioural contexts, hence demonstrating flexibility and social discrimination in its use. Thus, both theories were strongly supported.
Weighted norm inequalities for the Opdam–Cherednik transform
Authors: Swarup Mondal Shyam , Poria Anirudha
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study several weighted norm inequalities for the Opdam–Cherednik transform. We establish different versions of the Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl inequality for this transform. In particular, we give an extension of this inequality using weights with different exponents and present a variation of the inequality that incorporates [Formula: see text]-norms for the Opdam–Cherednik transform. Also, we prove a version of the Hardy–Littlewood inequality for this transform. Finally, we give other variations of the Heisenberg–Pauli–Weyl inequality such as the Nash-type and Clarkson-type inequalities for the Opdam–Cherednik transform.
Exact Approach for Integrated Delivery Optimization of E-Commerce and Online-to-Offline Parcels
Authors: Pu Song , Xia Chang
Published: July 2022

This paper studies a novel form of last-mile delivery that combines delivery optimization of E-commerce and Online-to-Offline (O2O) parcels. While O2O parcels must first be picked up from O2O shops before being delivered to the appropriate customers, E-commerce parcels are delivered to customers from a predetermined number of depots. The goal is to use the same fleet of vehicles to provide integrated delivery services for various merchant types. We propose a branch-and-price algorithm based on the set partitioning formulation, where the pricing problem is solved by a label-setting algorithm. Several acceleration techniques including elementary path relaxation, ng-path relaxation and decremental space search are designed to speed up the price problem. Both the conventional dataset used in the literature and a real-world database with up to 75 clients are utilized to test the performance of the suggested method, demonstrating its efficacy.
Energy Management of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Fuzzy Logic Control Strategies
Authors: Halima Naila Ben , Hadj Naourez Ben , Chaieb Mohamed , Neji Rafik
Published: July 2022

Currently, the parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is the most common type of architecture on the hybrid vehicle market. Therefore, a PHEV can be a solution to reduce emission and fuel consumption. The main challenge in the development of HEVs is the power management between the components that ensure vehicle movement. Energy management is now highly necessary by applying a control strategy (CS) in the vehicle’s traction chain, which directly affects the PHEV emission and fuel economy. The CSs have different performances, namely the control of the different power sources operation mode and the control of the battery state of charge. For this purpose, we propose a fuzzy logic CS to optimize emissions (FLCS-em) for PHEV. To assess this approach, we compare it with the most commonly used and recent EMS, in particular the strategy to optimize fuel use (FLCS-f), the efficiency optimization strategy (FLCS-eff) and the electric assist CS (EACS), in urban and highway driving cycles. The results show that the elaborate FLCS-em, characterized by a limited number of rulers, provide significant advantage than CSs mentioned in terms of the efficiency of PHEV performance and emissions and fuel consumption minimization.
Universal enveloping algebra of a pair of compatible Lie brackets
Authors: Gubarev Vsevolod
Published: July 2022

By applying the Poincaré—Birkhoff—Witt property and the Gröbner—Shirshov bases technique, we find the linear basis of the associative universal enveloping algebra in the sense of Ginzburg and Kapranov of a pair of compatible Lie brackets. We state that the growth rate of this universal enveloping over [Formula: see text]-dimensional compatible Lie algebra equals [Formula: see text].
Semiprime Novikov algebras
Authors: Panasenko A. S.
Published: July 2022

We study prime and semiprime Novikov algebras. We prove that prime nonassociative Novikov algebra has zero nucleus and center. It is well known that an ideal of an alternative semiprime algebra is semiprime algebra. We proved this statement for Novikov algebras. It implies that a Baer radical exists in a class of Novikov algebras.
Resolving information loss paradox with Euclidean path integral
Authors: Chen Pisin , Sasaki Misao , Yeom Dong-Han , Yoon Junggi
Published: July 2022

The information loss paradox remains unresolved ever since Hawking’s seminal discovery of black hole evaporation. In this paper, we revisit the entanglement entropy via Euclidean path integral (EPI) and allow for the branching of semi-classical histories during the Lorentzian evolution. We posit that there exist two histories that contribute to EPI, where one is information-losing that dominates at early times, while the other is information-preserving that dominates at late times. By so doing, we recover the Page curve and preserve the unitarity, albeit with the Page time shifted significantly towards the late time. One implication is that the entropy bound may thus be violated. We compare our approach with string-based islands and replica wormholes concepts.
Thermodynamic geometry of pure Lovelock black holes
Authors: Khuzani Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Mirza Behrouz , Kachi Mahnaz Tavakoli
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study thermodynamic geometry for pure Lovelock black holes. The thermodynamics scalar curvature contains information about the interaction of microstates that might be repulsive or attractive. We obtain critical exponents and critical amplitudes of scalar and extrinsic curvatures for small and large black holes for various dimensions. We demonstrate that this model’s thermodynamic Ricci scalar scaling behavior has a universal behavior for different dimensions. Moreover, we determine the order of phase transition by using Ehrenfest’s equations and the Prigogine–Defay ratio. We also consider the extended phase space and investigate the critical behavior of the pure Lovelock black holes for various dimensions.
Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithms with Weighted Membership and Distance
Authors: Pimentel Bruno Almeida , de Amorim Silva Rafael , Costa Jadson Crislan Santos
Published: July 2022

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is an important and popular clustering algorithm which is utilized in various application domains such as pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. Although this algorithm has shown acceptable performance in diverse problems, the current literature does not have studies about how they can improve the clustering quality of partitions with overlapping classes. The better the clustering quality of a partition, the better is the interpretation of the data, which is essential to understand real problems. This work proposes two robust FCM algorithms to prevent ambiguous membership into clusters. For this, we compute two types of weights: an weight to avoid the problem of overlapping clusters; and other weight to enable the algorithm to identify clusters of different shapes. We perform a study with synthetic datasets, where each one contains classes of different shapes and different degrees of overlapping. Moreover, the study considered real application datasets. Our results indicate such weights are effective to reduce the ambiguity of membership assignments thus generating a better data interpretation.
LMI-Based Robust Fuzzy Model Predictive Control of Discrete-Time Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno Large-Scale Systems Based on Hierarchical Optimization and H∞ Performance
Authors: Sarbaz Mohammad , Manthouri Mohammad , Zamani Iman
Published: July 2022

This paper studies robust fuzzy model predictive control of discrete-time fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno large-scale systems based on hierarchical optimization and H_[Formula: see text] Performance. The considered system in this paper is a large-scale system. So, the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy approach which uses nonlinear local models is applied to estimate the nonlinear system to reduce the burden of modeling. The model predictive control (MPC) is a practical application that is useful for all systems but the problem is the online computational cost. For large-scale systems, this problem is the online computational burden. Besides, it leads to conservative or even no solution. By the proposed method, more relaxed solutions are achieved. First, the T-S system with nonlinear local models is adopted. Second, the hierarchical optimization scheme is considered for the optimization part of the MPC. Third, by inspiring the [Formula: see text] performance, uncertainties and disturbances that are appeared are reduced. Moreover, the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are used to solve the proposed method that the computational burden significantly is reduced at the same time. Simulation results are finally presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN MICRO-HOLE MACHINING ON α–β Ti-ALLOY USING ECμM WITH NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE OF (CH2OH)2–NaBr
Authors: ARUMUGAM K. , KUMARESAN G. , DAMODARAM R.
Published: July 2022

[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is being used in diverse applications, such as aircraft, chemical, automotive, and biomedical industries due to its excellent attractive properties. But machining of titanium and its alloy is a tedious task through conventional material removal processes. Removing the material at the micro level to create micro-sized features like a hole, slot and intricate projection in the titanium alloy is more complicated. In this paper, micro-sized through-hole machining on the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] titanium alloy has been performed using electrochemical micro-machining (EC[Formula: see text]M) with nonaqueous ethylene glycol (CH2OH)2–sodium bromide (NaBr) electrolyte and the influence of machining parameters, such as electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), tool feed rate (TFR) and duty cycle (DC) during micro-hole machining on the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] titanium alloy is analyzed. The material removal rate (MRR), radial overcut (ROC), conicity ([Formula: see text]), and surface roughness (SR) of the micro-sized through hole have been ascertained and analyzed. The selected machining parameters are optimized using Taguchi based Grey relation analysis and DEAR methods.
The Impact of Price Support Policies and Public Emergencies on Agricultural Futures Markets — A Multifractal Cross-Correlations Analysis between China and the US
Authors: Feng You-Shuai , Wang Jian , Shao Wei
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the presence and asymmetry of cross-correlations between agricultural futures markets in China and the US as well as the impact of price support policies and public emergencies (Sino–US trade conflict and COVID-19 pandemic) on the cross-correlations by the multifractal methods. The results show that the fluctuation characteristics and conduction directions of cross-correlations are asymmetric. The price fluctuations of soybean and corn futures in China are easier to be affected by the US soybean and corn futures. We find that the cross-correlations are multifractal under different price support policies and pubic emergencies. The price support policies with greater interventions on soybean and corn prices have aggravated the complexity of cross-correlations between the two futures markets in China and the US. The soybean and corn futures in China are hardly correlated to the US futures under the dual effect of the Sino–US trade conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sino–US trade conflict strengthens the complexity of cross-correlation for soybean futures and weakens it for corn futures, while the COVID-19 pandemic enhances the complexity of cross-correlations for soybean and corn futures. In addition, the fat-tailed probability distributions in different price support policy and public emergency periods have a dominant influence on the multifractality of cross-correlations.
Ideal spaces: An extension of structure spaces of rings
Authors: Dube Themba , Goswami Amartya
Published: July 2022

Can there be a structure space-type theory for an arbitrary class of ideals of a ring? The ideal spaces introduced in this paper allows such a study and our theory includes (but not restricted to) prime, maximal, minimal prime, strongly irreducible, irreducible, completely irreducible, proper, minimal, primary, nil, nilpotent, regular, radical, principal, finitely generated ideals. We characterise ideal spaces that are sober. We introduce the notion of a strongly disconnected spaces and show that for a ring with zero Jacobson radical, strongly disconnected ideal spaces containing all maximal ideals of the ring imply existence of nontrivial idempotent elements in the ring. We also give a sufficient condition for a spectrum to be connected.
THE ENIGMATIC FRÁOCH AND HIS EPONYMOUS TALE — NETWORK ANALYSIS OF AN EARLY IRISH HEROIC ROMANCE
Authors: JANICKYJ MADELEINE , CURLEY DANIEL , MACCARRON PÁDRAIG , MCCARTHY MIKE , YOSE JOSEPH , KENNA RALPH
Published: July 2022

Táin Bó Cúailnge or the “Cattle Raid of Cooley” (TBC) is the most famous epic narrative in early Irish literature, having been brought to prominence in modern times by Thomas Kinsella’s iconic translation (1969). The origins of TBC were described by Kinsella as “far more ancient” than the medieval manuscripts that relate it and associated prequels to the tale, called remscéla. One of these, not included in Kinsella’s translation, is Táin Bó Fraích — “The raid of Fráoch’s cattle” (TBF). TBF comes in two discontinuous parts which differ in subject matter and style. We examine the structural relationships between TBF as presented by Leahy [Heroic Romances in Ireland (David Nutt, London, 1906)] and TBC from a social networks point of view and compare them with the seven smaller tales presented in Kinsella’s text. We find that network structures in Kinsella’s text — both TBC itself and the remscéla he selected — are similar to those in TBF, and somewhat moreso the first part than the second.
An Assumed Strain Finite Element for Composite Plates Analysis
Authors: Belounar Abderahim , Belounar Lamine , Tati Abdelouahab
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the formulation of a novel four-node quadrilateral finite element based on the first-order shear deformation theory and using the strain-based approach for static and free vibration responses of composite plates. The developed element has five degrees of freedom per node and its displacement functions contain higher-order terms that satisfy the rigid body modes and are based on assumed strains satisfying compatibility equations. The efficiency of the present element is demonstrated by applying it to sandwich and symmetric/antisymmetric laminated composite plates with various shapes, boundary conditions, side-to-thickness ratios, stacking sequences, fiber orientation angles, and different types of loads. The obtained results are compared with published analytical and numerical solutions that have proved excellent accuracy and efficiency in predicting bending and free vibration of laminated composite plates and have shown that this element is free of shear locking.
ModMax model of nonlinear electrodynamics without the linear term
Authors: Habib Mazharimousavi S.
Published: July 2022

The ModMax model of nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) is investigated in the absence of the linear term. The linear term is itself a ModMax model, however, the nonlinear term is not. First, in (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, we introduce the electromagnetic theory in this NED model. We find the vacuum electric permittivity and magnetic permeability which both are in tensor form. This shows that the propagation of the speed of the electromagnetic wave depends on the direction. Finally, we couple our NED Lagrangian density minimally with the standard gravity and find a dyonic black hole solution.
Alternative entropies and consistent black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Nojiri Shin’ichi , Odintsov Sergei D. , Faraoni Valerio
Published: July 2022

While the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the unique notion of entropy that makes classical black hole thermodynamics consistent, alternative entropy notions (Rényi, Tsallis, and generalized constructs) abound in the literature. We explore conditions under which they are part of a consistent horizon thermodynamics for certain classes of modified gravity black holes. We provide examples in which black hole masses and temperatures going hand-in-hand with these alternative entropies coincide with their usual counterparts associated with the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.
TriECCC: Trilingual Corpus of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for Speech Recognition and Translation Studies
Authors: Soky Kak , Mimura Masato , Kawahara Tatsuya , Chu Chenhui , Li Sheng , Ding Chenchen , Sam Sethserey
Published: July 2022

This paper presents an extended work on the trilingual spoken language translation corpus of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), namely TriECCC. TriECCC is a simultaneously spoken language translation corpus with parallel resources of speech and text in three languages: Khmer, English, and French. This corpus has approximately [Formula: see text] thousand utterances, approximately [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] h in length of speech, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] million words in text, in Khmer, English, and French, respectively. We first report the baseline results of machine translation (MT), and speech translation (ST) systems, which show reasonable performance. We then investigate the use of the ROVER method to combine multiple MT outputs and fine-tune the pre-trained English–French MT models to enhance the Khmer MT systems. Experimental results show that the ROVER is effective for combining English-to-Khmer and French-to-Khmer systems. Fine-tuning from both single and multiple parents shows the effective improvement on the BLEU scores for Khmer-to-English/French and English/French-to-Khmer MT systems.
Trans-CNN: A Sentiment Analysis Model which Focuses on Key Information of Sentence
Authors: Li Jianlong , Zhang Yangsen , Huang Gaijuan , Miao Jiang
Published: July 2022

Most of sentiment analysis methods rely on large-scale pre-trained models, which require a lot of computing resources. Moreover, these models only extract features on the sentence level, which cannot consider the influence of sentence meaning or local keywords on emotional polarity. In order to solve these problems, we use multi-head attention, RNN (recurrent neural network) and CNN (convolutional neural network), by paying attention to the global and local features of each sentence, and enhancing the expression of emotional features. We propose Trans-CNN which is based on multi-head attention, RNN and CNN. Firstly, we get the vector representation of the sentence. Then, with the help of multi-head attention and CNN, we focus on the global and local feature information of sentence. Finally, we use the SoftMax classifier to get the emotional label about the sentence. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves better performance than other models without pre-trained models. The accuracy is 89.88%.
Hydrogeology of a landslide: a case study in the Montagne de Reims (Paris basin, France)
Authors: Bollot Nicolas , Pierre Guillaume , Devos Alain , Lutz Pascale , Ortonovi Sarah
Published: July 2022

Investigations of hydric and hydrogeological mechanisms that contribute to the current reactivation of mass-movements feed predictive models that can be useful for risk management. Our model is based on an approach combining (1) a large-scale analysis of the landforms, using LiDAR imagery and field observations, (2) a characterization of the groundwater (piezometry, conductivity and temperature), both in the landslide and in the stable slope, and (3) electrical resistivity profiles. These combined data allow the reconstruction of the structure of the landslide to determine its influence on groundwater flow. The Saint Maur landslide bars the main aquifer of the Upper Ypresian sands whose slow flow results in lower piezometric level fluctuations and stronger mineralization than found in the unconfined aquifer on either side of the slip. The confined aquifer emptying occurs through the sliding plane so that the landslide aquifer is fed essentially by capillary rise from the shear plane and to a lesser extent by surface infiltration. Therefore, the amount of water in the landslide and the resulting probability of mass movement are weakly correlated with rainfall events. In addition, the wide dispersion of the conductivity values of the landslide aquifer reflects a weak mixing of the water. Groundwater circulation modelling allows us to correct
in situ
(i.e. underground) the flows causing reactivations, and confirms that stabilization by hydrogeological action is more efficient than a surface drainage.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Role of water in destabilizing slopes collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/role-of-water-in-destabilizing-slopes
The Seattle report on database research
Authors: Abadi Daniel , Ailamaki Anastasia , Andersen David , Bailis Peter , Balazinska Magdalena , Bernstein Philip A. , Boncz Peter , Chaudhuri Surajit , Cheung Alvin , Doan Anhai , Dong Luna , Franklin Michael J. , Freire Juliana , Halevy Alon , Hellerstein Joseph M. , Idreos Stratos , Kossmann Donald , Kraska Tim , Krishnamurthy Sailesh , Markl Volker , Melnik Sergey , Milo Tova , Mohan C. , Neumann Thomas , Ooi Beng Chin , Ozcan Fatma , Patel Jignesh , Pavlo Andrew , Popa Raluca , Ramakrishnan Raghu , Re Christopher , Stonebraker Michael , Suciu Dan
Published: July 2022

Every five years, a group of the leading database researchers meet to reflect on their community's impact on the computing industry as well as examine current research challenges.
Coordinated Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles: A New Class of Switching Attacks
Authors: Ghafouri Mohsen , Kabir Ekram , Moussa Bassam , Assi Chadi
Published: July 2022

In this work, we investigate that the abundance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be exploited to target the stability of the power grid. Through a cyber attack that compromises a lot of available EVs and their charging infrastructure, we present a realistic coordinated switching attack that initiates inter-area oscillations between different areas of the power grid. The threat model as well as linearized state-space representation of the grid are formulated to illustrate possible consequences of the attack. Two variations of switching attack are considered, namely, switching of EV charging and discharging power into the grid. Moreover, two possible attack strategies are also considered (i) using an insider to reveal the accurate system parameters and (ii) using reconnaissance activities in the absence of the grid parameters. In the former strategy, the system equations are used to compute the required knowledge to launch the attack. However, a stealthy system identification technique, which is tailored based on Eigenvalue Realization Algorithm (ERA), is proposed in latter strategy to calculate the required data for attack execution. The two-area Kundur, 39-Bus New England, and the Australian 5-area power grids are used to demonstrate the attack strategies and their consequences. The collected results demonstrate that by manipulation of EV charging stations and launching a coordinated switching attack to those portions of load, inter-area oscillations can be initiated. Finally, to protect the grid from this anticipated attack, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based framework is proposed to detect and eliminate this attack even before being executed.
Crossing the uncanny valley
Authors: Kugler Logan
Published: July 2022

The "uncanny valley effect" may be holding back the field of robotics.
The Luce Goose
Authors: Logan E. C.
Published: July 2022

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.
When should a black box be transparent?
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: July 2022

When is a replacement not a replacement?
An interview with Dana Scott
Authors: Shustek Len
Published: July 2022

ACM Fellow and A.M. Turing Award recipient Dana Scott reflects on his career.
Toward A No-reference Omnidirectional Image Quality Evaluation by Using Multi-perceptual Features
Authors: Liu Yun , Yin Xiaohua , Wan Zuliang , Yue Guanghui , Zheng Zhi
Published: July 2022

Compared to ordinary images, omnidirectional image (OI) usually has a broader view and a higher resolution, and image quality assessment (IQA) can help people to understand and improve their visual experience. However, the current IQA works cannot achieve good performance. To address this, we proposed a novel visual perception-based no-reference/blind omnidirectional image quality assessment (NR/B-OIQA) model. The gradient-based global structural features and gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based local structural features are combined together to highlight the rich quality-aware structural information. And a novel steganalysis real model-based color descriptor is extracted to reflect the color information that ignored in most IQA models. With a multi-scale visual perception, we take image entropy and the natural scene statistics features to convey the high-level semantics and quantify the unnaturalness of omnidirectional images. Finally, we apply support vector regression to predict the objective quality value based on the subjective scores and extracted all features. Experiments are conducted on OIQA and CVIQD2018 Databases, and the results illustrate that our model has more reliable performance and stronger competitiveness and receives better conformity with the subjective values.