bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCY OF COMPLIANCE TO GUIDELINE RECOMMENDED TREATMENT IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH LVEF <40%
Authors: Avais Ammara , Khan Imtiaz Ahmed , Iqbal Hafiza Sonia , Janjua Anam Fatima , Asghar Javeria , Kamran Javeria , Rashid Samina , Nisa Erum -Un- , Samore Naseer , Aziz Sohail
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of compliance to guideline recommended treatment among patients with STAGE-C or STAGE-D heart failure and LVEF<40%.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Adult cardiology department of AFIC/NIHD, Rawalpindi, from Sept to Dec 2019.

Methodology: Eighty Four patients of Heart Failure with reduced LVEF after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this study through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected from ER and OPD patients through complete history based on demographics (i.e. age and gender), co-morbidities (i.e. diabetes, hypertension, CAD and smoking history), previous EF record measured on 2D-echo, functional improvement of the patients using NYHA dyspnea class and guideline recommended medication history with compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results: A total of 84 patients of Heart Failure with LVEF = 31.61 ± 7.61% were enrolled out of whom 62 (73.8%) were male and 22 (26.2%) female patients. The mean age of patients was 62.26 ± 9.879 years. About 30 (35.7%) patients were diabetic, 44 (52.4%) were hypertensive, 19 (22.6%) were current smokers, 16 (19%) were ex-smokers and 49 (58.2%) were nonsmokers. Those with history of CAD were (SVCAD=8 (9.5%), DVCAD=14 (16.7%),TVCAD 15 (17.9%). Compliance of patients to treatment was 74 (88.1%) good. Patients presenting with NYHA Class I/II 3 (3.6%)/20 (23.6%) showed significant improvement after medical therapy 34 (40.5%)/30 (35.7%), whereas those with class III/IV did not show significant improvement in functional status.

Conclusion: This survey shows that patient’s compliance is relatively goods but patients with NYHA III/IV were receiving suboptimal treatment. Secondly patients presenting with NYHAI/II after medical therapy showed significant improvement in functional status as compared to those with NYHA III/IV. Thereby further actions are needed for improving quality of life and standard of care among HF patients by optimization of treatmentaccording to guidelines.
OUTCOME OF PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ARRIVING IN ARMY CARDIAC CENTER LAHORE
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Ali Jahanzab , Ahmad Ayaz , Usman Ahmad , Rashdi Amna , Shafiq Faisal
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a mode of treatment in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Army Cardiac Center Lahore, from Nov 2019 to Feb 2020.

Methodology: All patients diagnosed as acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during the study period were offered primary percutaneous coronary intervention among treatment options. Patients who chose primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study. Informed consent was taken. Patient demographics, risk factors, time variables, procedural characteristics and in-hospital adverse events were evaluated.

Results: On admission, Out of 50, 30 (60%) of the patients were current smokers, 25 (50%) were hypertensive, 22 (44%) were diabetic, and 1 (2%) had cardiogenic shock. The mean time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 5 hours and the mean door-to-balloon time was 34 minutes. Culprit coronary artery was the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 56% cases and multi-vessel disease was present in 38% cases. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention involved balloon dilatation (2%) and stent implantation (98%). The incidence of postprocedural angiographic no-reflow was 0%. All-cause mortality was 1%.

Conclusion: This study has shown efficiency, feasibility and safety in performing of primary percutaneous coronary intervention with excellent outcomes in Army Cardiac Center Lahore. In order to further improve its outcomes, our goal should be to decrease reperfusion time which can be achieved by reducing patient delay, increasing public awareness and improving the management of first medical contact.
INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY ARTERY ECTASIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AT ARMY CARDIAC CENTER LAHORE
Authors: Shafiq Faisal , Usman Ahmad , Sultan Mehboob , Shehzad Khurram , Haroon Namra , . Osama
Published: January 2021

Objective: To estimate the incidence and characteristics of coronary artery ectasia in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Study Design: A prospective analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Army Cardiac Center, Lahore over a period of two years from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.

Methodology: Its prospective analysis of all coronary angiograms performed in our catheterization laboratory during study period. Markis classification was the basis to define and classify coronary artery ectasia. Demographical, clinical, and laboratory data were collected for each patient in this study.

Results: A total of 172 (3.9%) out of 4,372 coronary angiograms showed coronary artery ectasia. Among coronary artery ectasia group, mean age 58 ± 10 years, 90% were male, 47% were current smokers, 32% were hypertensive, 15% had diabetes Mellitus and 37% had dyslipidemia. The most common clinical presentation was Non STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (31%), followed by Stable ischemic heart disease in 28%. Right coronary artery was the most frequent coronary artery involved (57%) while Markis Class 3 pattern was seen as most common type of coronary artery ectasia.

Conclusion: The frequency of coronary artery ectasia among our patients undergoing coronary angiography was about 4%. Right coronary artery remained the most common affected artery.
SURGERY OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT-15 YEAR EXPERIENCE AT AFIC-NIHD RAWALPINDI
Authors: Zaidi Syed Shahid Nafees , Khan Inamullah , Bakht Nausheen , Shahid Syeda Aliza , Akhtar Khurram , Akbar Hajira , Mahmood Amjad , Haq Intisar Ul , Sadiq Nadeem , Kamal Dawood , Khalil Hafsa
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare trans-atrial/Trans-pulmonary and trans-annular/trans-ventricular techniques of surgical correction of tetralogy of fallot.

Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: AFIC-NIHD Rawalpindi, from Jan 2005 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: Pre-op variables included age, gender, weight, SaO2 and any previous operation (like Modified Blalock Taussig Shunt.) Operative variables were any previous Blalock Taussig Shunts and if present, then their takedown, Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time, Aortic Clamp Time, any Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery conduit, Main Pulmonary Artery patch-plasty, Left Pulmonary Artery/ Right Pulmonary Artery patch-plasty, dosage of inotropes and pacing started during weaning off CPB. Post-op variables were mechanical ventilation time (hrs), ventilation time >72 hrs, dosage and duration of inotropes, pacing >24 hrs, renal complications, neurological complications, sepsis, low cardiac output, re-ventilation, tachyarrythmias, any re-opening surgery, mean intensive care unit stay (hrs), overall hospital stay (days) and overall all-cause mortality.

Results: A total of 1271 TOF patients were operated. In (38.6%) cases Trans-atrial / Trans-pulmonary approach was used while in 780 (61.3%) correction was done by TAP/TV technique. In both techniques, male patients were 365 (66.4%) vs. 73 (64.1%) females. Mean age was 5 ± 2.3 vs. 4 ± 2.5 years, MPA patch-plasty was 190 ± 5 (38.6%) vs. 780 ± 8 (100%) (p-0.058), RPA/LPA Patch Plasty was 25 ± 6 (5%) vs. 180 ± 10 (23%) (p- 0.025), In ICU, Ventilation hours was 25 ± 8 and 30 ± 12, Ventilation >72 Hrs was 15 (3%) vs. 65 (8.3%) (p-0.015), Inotrope duration >72 Hours was 90 (18.3%) vs. 400 (51.2%) (p-0.338), pacing >24 hours was 30 (6.1%) vs. 150 (19.2%) (p-0.0001), renal complications were 10 (2.3%) vs. 35 (4.4%) (p- 0.285), Neurological complications were 7 (1.4%) vs. 15 (1.9%) (p0.553), Sepsis was 11 (2.2%) vs. 47 (6%) (p-0.33), Low cardiac output was 15 (3%) vs. 66 (8.4%) (p- 1.000), re-ventilation was 10 (2%) vs. 110 (14%) (p- 0.41), Tachy-arrhythmia was 25 (5%) vs. 150 (19.2%) (p- 0.11), re-openings were 19 (3.8%) vs. 65 (8.3%) (p- 0.0003), ICU stay (Hours) was 87 ± 8 vs. 108 ± 10, Mortality was 35 (7.1%) vs. 75 (9.6%) (p-0.094), Mean hospital stay (Days) was 12.2 ± 2.5 vs. 15.8 ± 4.9.

Conclusion: Fifteen years’ experience of Tetralogy of fallot corrections at AFIC-NIHD indicates that Trans-atrial / Trans-pulmonary approach is more beneficial to patients due to high survival rate, less morbidity, less hospital stay and an early discharge. This ultimately translates into less financial burden on the patients, hospital, society and the country at large.
Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions of Engineering and Engineering Design
Authors: Hammack Rebekah , Ivey Toni
Published: January 2021

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) call for the infusion of engineering practices beginning in Kindergarten, yet little is known about how prepared elementary teachers are to incorporate these standards. The purpose of this study was to identify (a) the perceptions that in-service teachers hold about the nature of engineering and engineering design and (b) how these perceptions compare with the engineering practices put forth in NGSS. This study is part of a larger explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Study participants included 542 K-5 public school teachers who were responsible for the science instruction of their students. During the first phase of the study, participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of Likert, selected response, and openended items. The results of the survey were used to finalize interview protocols for the second phase, which consisted of follow-up focus group and interview sessions with a subset of the survey participants. Findings indicated that participants were unfamiliar with engineering or engineering design and held stereotypical misconceptions about the work of engineers. Many participants reported having little experience teaching engineering and were not able to distinguish between examples of science and engineering activities. In short, findings indicated that teachers’ perceptions of engineering and engineering design do not align with the engineering practices and disciplinary core ideas found in NGSS.
Good Problems within and Across Disciplines
Authors: Reinholz Daniel , Slominski Tara , French Timothy A. , Pazicni Sam , Rasmussen Chris , McCoy Bradley
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the question of what makes a good disciplinary or interdisciplinary problem. We draw from literature across the STEM disciplines and two conference sessions to provide insight into what makes a good problem within a specific discipline and across the disciplines. We use various frameworks to analyze a variety of problems that were nominated as exemplars by STEM education research experts. Common features identified include real-world connections, reinforcement of conceptual understanding, a low floor and high ceiling, multiple solutions paths, and building dispositions of professionals in the discipline. While a good problem need not have all of these features, in general, good problems have more of these features. We also recognize that these problems are context-specific, as what may be considered a problem for one learner could be a trivial exercise for another. We discuss some of the challenges of designing good interdisciplinary problems and identify some features that can make a problem interdisciplinary, including use of cross-cutting concepts and drawing on the specific expertise of each discipline.
Factors Influencing Student STEM Career Choices: Gender Differences
Authors: Tyler-Wood Tandra , Johnson Karen , Cockerham Deborah
Published: January 2021

This study examined factors that influence middle school students’ dispositions towards science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. Interest and ability in STEM subject areas were compared by gender, based on 182 middle school students’ responses to four different test instruments. While findings from t-tests indicated significant differences between males and females on mathematics interest scores, no significant differences were found in science, technology, engineering, or STEM career interest. Stepwise multiple regression showed that STEM variables explained 47% of the variance in boys pursuing a STEM career and 36% of the variance in girls. The findings of this study underscore the challenges that still exist in achieving equal gender representation in the STEM workforce, and suggest that adopting a constructivist learning approach may provide a foundation for girls to develop a more positive approach toward science, boost STEM awareness and interest, and increase STEM success.
Curriculum and Instruction at Exemplar Inclusive STEM High Schools
Authors: Peters-Burton Erin , House Ann , Han Ed , Lynch Sharon
Published: January 2021

In recent years, prominent organizations have released large-scale policy reports on the state of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the United States, with particular emphasis on curricula and instructional practices. The purpose of this paper was to examine the curriculum and instruction occurring at high performing STEM-focused high schools that have no academic conditions for student admission. This study conducted a cross-case analysis across eight case studies of contextually different but well-regarded inclusive STEM high school. Common themes that emerged included different hierarchical levels of design and implementation (classroom-level, cross-cutting school level, school-wide) as well as responsive design of curriculum and instruction. Unique contextual differences are discussed as well as implications for replication of inclusive STEM school design.
The Impact of Engagement in STEM Activities on Primary Preservice Teachers’ Conceptualization of STEM and Knowledge of STEM Pedagogy
Authors: Aydeniz Mehmet , Bilican Kader
Published: January 2021

The purpose of current study was to explore the weaknesses and strengths in pre-service primary teachers’ (PST) conceptualization of STEM and their knowledge of STEM pedagogy after engaging in integrated STEM (science, technology, mathematics and engineering) activities for one semester. The course activities emphasized concepts related to engineering design process, the interrelatedness of STEM subjects, inquiry and problem solving. The integrated STEM activities were implemented for six weeks. Data were collected through a questionnaire, reflection papers, semi-structured interviews with a sub set of participants (n=8/20). Results show that engaging students in immersive STEM activities helped PSTs develop foundational knowledge regarding STEM, engineering design and STEM pedagogy, which they could built on later to more effectively teach through STEM integration. Discussion focuses on how PSTs and practicing teachers can be supported through sustained professional development for STEM integration pedagogy.
Use of microbial inoculants for production of potato tuber seed in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Torres-Vite H. , Contreras-Liza S. E.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To determine the effect of Glomus intraradices and Bacillus subtilis on the agronomic performance from in vitro potato seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Methodology: The research was developed in pots under greenhouse conditions at Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Lima, from October 2017 to March 2018. The substrate for pots was 45% sand, 45% vermicompost, and 10% rice straw, with an average content of 3% organic matter. The average environmental temperature was 25°C. In vitro seedlings of five potato genotypes were transplanted into 4-liter pots, and inoculated with commercial inoculants of Glomus intraradices, a mixture of G. intraradices + Bacillus subtilis, a fertilization treatment with NPK (220-180-120) and control without inoculation. Completely randomized design with four replications on a factorial arrangement was used, with four inoculant treatments and five potato genotypes. The data of ten agronomic characters, that included the weight of the tubers and biomass per plant, were subjected to analysis of variance and then to tests of mean comparison of Scott-Knott and processed with Infostat software. Results: Inoculation treatments with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae with rhizobacteria, statistically surpassed (P < 0.05) the controls in the case of weight of tubers per plant, the average weight of tubers, number of tubers per plant and diameter of the tuber, in addition to the height of the plant at 15 and days after the transplant; in the case of fresh foliage weight per plant and the degree of senescence of the foliage, the control treatments statistically surpassed (P < 0.05) to the inoculation treatments. For other characters, number of sprouts per plant, the number of leaves and number of flowers per plant, no significant differences (P > 0.05) was found. Conclusions: The use of microbial inoculants based on mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria, improves the productivity of potato seed tubers under greenhouse conditions.Keywords: Glomus intraradices, agronomic performance, in vitro seedlings, potato varieties, greenhouse
La biblioteca de Ocopa: su historia y organización
Authors: Córdova de Castillo Nora
Published: January 2021

Reseña histórica del Convento de Santa Rosa de Ocopa y descripción de su biblioteca.
Reunión del Consejo de la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones Bibliotecarias, FIAB
Authors: Bonilla de Gaviría María C.
Published: January 2021

Crónica de la Reunión del Consejo General de FIAB (Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecas) que se celebró en Washington del 18 al 23 de noviembre y al que asistieron más de 1,000 representantes de 75 países.
Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa
Authors: Kew Sarah F. , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Hauser Mathias , Hobbins Mike , Wanders Niko , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , van der Wiel Karin , Veldkamp Ted I. E. , Kimutai Joyce , Funk Chris , Otto Friederike E. L.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions; temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.
EVALUACIÓN DEL DOCENTE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE: LA MIRADA DESDE LOS ESTUDIANTES
Authors: Baeza Araya Adrián
Published: January 2021

El texto propone un modelo de Evaluación del Docente con propósitos de desarrollo de la profesionalidad mediante un acercamiento evaluativo que prioriza la cultura docente de las unidades académicas en que se inserta el docente, reconociendo la dimensión colectiva institucional de la docencia como fuente de legitimidad, desarrollo y orientación de la docencia. Se perfila un objeto evaluativo para el modelo, centrado en el conocimiento, y se abordan las dimensiones, categorías y criterios de ese objeto que permiten una mirada comprehensiva y compleja del desempeño docente. Pretende actuar como un recorte de la mirada de los estudiantes que otorgue pertinencia a la información que deben proveer acerca de cómo el docente vincula tres procesos: conocimiento, enseñanza y aprendizaje. Palabras claves: Evaluación docente, modelo evaluativo, cultura docente, evaluación docencia.
DIME CÓMO EVALÚAS Y TE DIRÉ QUÉ TIPO DE PROFESIONAL Y DE PERSONA ERES
Authors: Santos Guerra Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

La evaluación es un fenómeno que permite poner sobre el tapete todas nuestras concepciones. Más que un proceso de naturaleza técnica y aséptica es una actividad penetrada de dimensiones psicológicas, políticas y morales. Por el modo de practicar la evaluación podríamos llegar a las concepciones que tiene el profesional que la práctica sobre la sociedad, las instituciones de enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la comunicación interpersonal...
Un estudio sociocultural de las emociones y la Cognición como elementos de los saberes y las Prácticas docentes
Authors: Encinas Sanchez Mabel
Published: January 2021

A pesar de ser reconocidas, las emociones han sido consistentemente puestas entre paréntesis en la investigación sobre formación de maestros (Goodson, 1992; Day, 1993; Cochran-Smith y Lytle, 1999) y en los enfoques socioculturales (Lave y Wenger, 1991; Lave y Chaiklin, 1993; Salomon, 1993). Las emociones han sido consideradas como independientes de las prácticas sociales, quedando reducidas a una perspectiva subjetiva (Hargreaves, 2000, 2002a, 2002b). Sin embargo, han sido estudiadas en sociología (Williams y Bendelow, 1998), particularmente a través del concepto de trabajo emocional (Hochschild, 1983). Estos enfoques enfatizan la construcción social de la emocionalidad, pero dejan de lado las complejidades de la participación del individuo en el contexto. Por el contrario, a través de la construcción de una psicología inmanente, no-cartesiana, derivada del los trabajos de Vygotsky (1999), se crea un espacio para dar cuenta de la emocionalidad en las prácticas individuales del maestro y su rol en los saberes del mismo. Este estudio de caso etnográfico involucró la intervención en una escuela secundaria urbana de México (grados 7º a 9º). La investigación se llevó a cabo con cuatro maestros con experiencia.
Convivencia escolar
Authors: Llaña Mena Mónica
Published: January 2021

La convivencia escolar constituye un tema de incalculable trascendencia para la formación de las nuevas generaciones en sociedades democráticas. El desenmascaramiento de un constructo complejo constituye un desafío para poder diseñar estrategias que permitan superar los profundos quiebres que se observan en la escuela contemporánea. Desde allí este artículo intenta llevar a cabo un análisis que conecte las profundas transformaciones socioculturales con su impacto en las formas de vida en los espacios escolares para así entregar antecedentes que apoyen la generación de estrategias que reviertan situaciones de transgresión que desafían el logro formador de la educación en contextos de un mundo globalizado.
Socially Accountable Medical Education: Our Story Might Not Be Yours
Authors: Ross Brian M. , Cameron Erin
Published: January 2021

Socially Accountable Medical Education is a global educational movement transforming the development and delivery of medical schools in higher education. It is described as an upstream policy approach that seeks to align medical education and local community healthcare needs. To better understand social accountability as a policy initiative, we conducted a narrative review to identify key themes in the literature around frameworks of implementation. Our findings illustrate that social accountability has been mostly defined to date in terms of outcomes and related-actions and that there is a lack of focus on critical social constructs, such as power and place, that can reorient processes and inequities within health systems and educational institutions. We conclude that while socially accountable medical education is a promising paradigm shift in higher education, we call for a more complexified, contextualized, and nuanced approach.
O A PRIORI HISTÓRICO DA DEDUÇÃO TRANSCENDENTAL KANTIANA: UM APORTE FOUCAULTIANO À LEITURA DE DIETER HENRICH
Authors: Souto Caio , Gimbo Fernando
Published: January 2021

Pretendemos investigar, a partir de um comentário de D. Henrich publicado em 1989 sobre o aspecto jurídico da Dedução transcendental, avançar alguns apontamentos sobre sua relação com o jusnaturalismo. Propusemo-nos uma estratégia diversa tanto da análise genética quanto da exegese estrutural, detendo-nos sobretudo em questões implícitas que se mostraram inevitáveis à compreensão do princípio admitido pela Dedução transcendental, o qual, por ser, segundo o próprio Kant, apenas um único e mesmo, não pode ser subtraído ao domínio especulativo da razão, donde a necessidade de estender suas implicações à razão prática. Por fim, invocando Foucault, tentamos mostrar que, pelo fato do jusnaturalismo de Kant ser diverso daquele atribuído ao pensamento clássico, o seu argumento não pode ser compreendido segundo os mesmos parâmetros daquele.
A CONFIGURAÇÃO ONTOLÓGICO-ÉTICA DA ECONOMIA
Authors: Oliveira Manfredo Araújo de
Published: January 2021

A economia é uma dimensão do ser humano, consequentemente, considerá-la filosoficamente pressupõe uma concepção determinada do ser humano que, enquanto ser material/biológico, efetiva-se economicamente constituindo um sistema de relações de produção, repartição e consumo num contexto social. Para o projeto atual do capitalismo não podemos julgar boas ou más as leis da natureza, do mesmo modo não podemos julgar as leis do mercado: elas se impõem a nós. O mercado não pertence ao campo das interações humanas, é algo incontrolável, não tem, portanto, sentido aqui levantar questões éticas. Este artigo procura mostrar, no horizonte de outra concepção do ser humano, que o que está em jogo na ética é a conquista do ser humano enquanto ser livre. Isso significa a configuração de sua vida histórica enquanto construção da relação com a natureza e das relações com outros humanos. A exigência fundamental da ética é o respeito a todo ser, o que exige a superação de toda ordem social radicada na exploração e na injustiça social e ecológica.
CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIAL DA MULHER: DA RELAÇÃO DE COMPRA AO EMPODERAMENTO
Authors: Barbosa Mayra Yonara Pereira
Published: January 2021

As desigualdades entre os sexos são o foco para as relações estabelecidas entre os gêneros, homens e mulheres sempre apresentaram posições distintas no âmbito social, e com isso, foi sendo construída uma forte diferença nas divisões de trabalho, remuneração, na posição política e no reconhecimento de classe. Em O Segundo Sexo – Simone de Beauvoir – destaca as relações entre homens e mulheres como uma desigualdade tão extrema, que as deixam numa situação de vulnerabilidade social. Em que, ao mesmo tempo, Carole Pateman destaca que tal vulnerabilidade minimiza a posição social feminina. O presente trabalho busca realizar uma reflexão inicial a respeito da construção social feminina, de forma a fazer uma breve análise sobre desigualdade de gênero no viés da “mais valia”, na qual, tanto o contrato sexual, quanto o contrato de casamento impõem um valor econômico na mulher e reproduz desvantagens que limitam a sua capacidade de se empoderar.
1850 E 2012, DA EXCLUSÃO AO DIREITO: DOCUMENTOS ANTAGÔNICOS E A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR QUILOMBOLA NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Márcio Antônio
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo descrevemos uma comparação antagônica de dois documentos do período imperial brasileiro (1850 e 1854) com um documento recente da república brasileira (2012). O documento de 1850 é a Lei de número 601, conhecida como Lei de Terras, enquanto o documento de 1854 é o Decreto 1331 que regulamenta a educação no município da Corte, também conhecido como Reforma Couto Ferraz. O documento de 2012 é a Resolução de número 08 do Conselho Nacional de Educação sobre as Diretrizes para a Educação Escolar Quilombola. Por meio de análise documental, buscamos refletir sobre os contrapontos entre o período colonial e o período democrático. Tais documentos, quando assinados pelo Imperador mostram a exclusão desses povos, enquanto a inclusão é feita em outro documento assinado por um presidente da república. Concluímos que a exclusão dos integrantes dos quilombos, por via oficial no século XIX, sofreu profundas alterações quando se compara com os direitos conquistados no século XXI, mas que em muitos pontos ainda permanece uma realidade de dificuldades no campo da educação, da terra e do racismo.
AFRODESCENDÊNCIA E AFRICANIDADE NA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL MONSENHOR MATEUS RUFINO, TERESINA/PI.
Authors: Jesus Tiago Souza de , Vieira Cleber Santos
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é expor resultados de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica desenvolvida entre 2016 e 2017 na Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A investigação analisou as contribuições do Programa Mais Cultura nas Escolas (PMCE) para a implementação da Lei 10.639/03, através do método de análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada de um projeto desenvolvido em uma escola de Teresina, Piauí. A pesquisa decorre de visitas realizadas em agosto de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016. No contexto, observamos que a capoeira contribuiu para que os estudantes adotassem uma postura de combate ao racismo antinegro, ao potencializar a relação entre território e escola, e aumento da autoestima dos estudantes negros. Neste sentido, o PMCE constitui-se como um mecanismo que facilita a entrada de mestres, mestras e demais fazedores de cultura no contexto escolar, propiciando o desenvolvimento de um processo pedagógico e educativo que promova tensão e o questionamento dos valores antes estabelecidos. Constatamos que a Lei 10.639/03, ao mesmo tempo em que embasa legalmente a luta da população negra por uma educação para as relações étnicas, exige mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas, de representação e comportamento e que, neste contexto abordado, tornou-se uma ferramenta legal para o desenvolvimento do citado projeto cultural.
ENFRENTANDO O RACISMO NAS AULAS DE SOCIOLOGIA
Authors: Ligeiro Isabela Rodrigues , Brito José Eustáquio de
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado em educação, realizada entre 2018 e 2019, que objetivou compreender como aulas e atividades propostas por professores de sociologia do ensino médio têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento de uma educação das relações étnico-raciais tendo por intenção a implementação a Lei 10639/03. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são professores de sociologia em atividade na capital mineira e Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática em que se destaca o debate sobre a relação histórica da sociologia com as questões raciais no Brasil e o processo de conquista e implementação da Lei 10639/03. Pesquisa qualitativa, com dados obtidos a partir da aplicação de questionário e entrevistas, que revelaram diversas possibilidades para um ensino de sociologia comprometido com a abordagem crítica das relações étnico-raciais. Possibilitaram também a compreensão de como essas práticas têm contribuído para o campo da educação das relações étnico-raciais e os desafios a serem enfrentados para uma efetiva educação antirracista.
AS CONFERÊNCIAS MUNDIAIS CONTRA O RACISMO E A FORMAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS: UM ENCONTRO ENTRE RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Alves Marcus Vinícius Hypólito
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o cenário das grandes conferências mundiais contra o Racismo, com estudo de caso da Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo, Discriminação Racial, Xenofobia e Intolerância Correlata, realizada em 2001, em Durban, evidenciando de que modos impacta na formulação e implementação de políticas de reparação no Brasil, em uma abordagem construtivista. Para isso, são analisados documentos oficiais do evento e os mecanismos criados entre 2001 e 2011 em solo brasileiro, com a finalidade de tornar viável a implementação das ações planejadas durante o evento. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram o notável empenho da delegação brasileira nesse episódio histórico e sua contribuição paradigmática para o êxito desse relevante evento. Com isso, chega-se ao resultado esperado com esse estudo, criando canais de comunicação entre os saberes propagados pelo campo das relações internacionais e aquele da educação, em prol do fortalecimento da formação para as relações étnico-raciais no Brasil.
Living systematic review: new inputs and challenges
Authors: Vergara-Merino Laura , Verdejo Catalina , Carrasco Cynthia , Vargas-Peirano Manuel
Published: January 2021

This is the second article from a collaborative methodological series of biostatistics and clinical epidemiology narrative reviews. This review aims to describe living systematic reviews’ relevance, the considerations that should be taken when producing one, and the challenges proper of this type of review. The living systematic review is a continuous update that maintains a systematic review’s rigor and methodological quality. The living format is appropriate when the review aims to answer a priority question in terms of health decision-making, the existent certainty of the evidence for this question is low or very low, and new evidence will likely appear soon. To carry out a successful living systematic review, researchers should consider different things, such as: having a continuous and automated search, having update criteria, evaluating how to update the meta-analysis and how to perform the editorial process, and publishing in a friendly format, among others. As living systematic reviews are a new proposal, they will likely change in the future to improve their performance, so we will have to keep an eye on its future updates.
Review of the harmony textbooks for secondary music school by Mirjana Živković
Authors: Nagorni-Petrov Nataša
Published: January 2021

Perennial active engagement of Mirjana Živković in teaching process of subject Harmony, for secondary music school and higher education (University), participating in reforming processes, and teaching plan and program shaping, were being built into the making and shaping of the Harmony textbooks. By publishing the united Harmony textbook Harmony for II, III and IV class of secondary music school (1990), and updated, two-parted textbook Harmony for II class of musical high school and Harmony for III and IV class of musical high school (2001), teaching of subject Harmony got quality with teaching plan and program in tuned basic medium during the process of mastering the theoretical knowledges and so in the practical skills. The path from conceptualizing to shaping of the textbook in Harmony by Mirjana Živković has included the perception of realistic needs in practical work, so as inovating in teaching of theoretical subjects, respecting the professional and practical advices of colleagues, consulting with French and Russian literature. Guided with an enthusiasm, author Mirjana Živković has collected in the process of shaping her textbook and its updated edition all the knowledge, acquired experience, needs of the new time and vision of the teaching subject that could wake up the desire for creativity and creative impulse among the users and readers. Structure perception to details and also the perception of the content of united and updated textbook Harmony for secondary music schools by Mirjana Živković included the analysis of basic text, updated text, and specific shapes of didactic aparature, customised to the character of the subject. By analytical access to the Harmony textbooks by Mirjana Živković, was confirmed already expressed advice of an experienced educator in subject Harmony: clear exposure of theoretical construction followed by didactic note examples and assignments, insisting on the sound performances and permanent sounding (singing and playing) of own written harmonization. Special attention of author Mirjana Živković was directed to carefully designed and chosen note examples and assignments customised to the transfer of theoretical knowledge to the process of acquisition and developing some practical skills - written harmonization of assigned melodies, practical harmonization on instrument, analysis of fragments or the whole compositions, and finally, developing the harmonical hearing. Author Mirjana Živković doesn't give up emphasising the importance of understanding of Harmony, as a live component of music, not as a dry theoretical discipline.
Meeting music pedagogy and music psychology: Contribution to the study of contemporary professional music education
Authors: Zdravić-Mihailović Danijela
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the research of psychologists and pedagogues which are committed to issues of professional music education. The statement of Ksenija Radoš (2010) that the psychologist-researchers and music pedagogues pass each other on the same way, and that they go on parallel paths toward the same goals, encountering the same obstacles, and yet never really meet, is the starting point for the review of the relationship between these disciplines. as the first step of our research, the definition of a 'common way' is imposed, and then testing the connection of current issues of music education and music psychology. according to our understanding, there are several important reasons for the mentioned situation in music education: focusing music pedagogy on general music education and 'late' awakening of pedagogy of professional music education as a special scientific discipline; obsolescence of the curriculum of professional music education and insufficient cooperation between music pedagogues and psychologists-researchers. Interplay of these disciplines, implemented through the planned conducted research that focuses on the problems of professional music education, could be an important support for the development and improvement of specific areas of music pedagogy.
Fashion and textiles inspired by architecture: Use of new materials
Authors: Savić Milena , Frfulanović-Šomođi Dragana , Đorđević Predrag
Published: January 2021

The mutual inspiration of fashion and architecture can be traced in a long historical line, only to become more evident and involved during the 20th century due to the development of fashion industry technology and materials. The primary goal of both fields is to protect man and then achieve aesthetic norms following social trends that are subject to change due to technology's continuous development. Precisely because of that, the possibilities of design in architecture, i.e., in fashion, are becoming diverse. Technological progress has enabled research in design, which opens the option of applying materials that develop the service field. The synergy of architecture and design in fashion can be followed in a wide area of action through different prisms-modern technology and science, artistic directions and styles, various types of materials, and their characteristics. The paper's approach is limited to a narrow field by analyzing the adaptation of architectural forms in fashion design in an obviously abstract way with a strict departure from the traditional concept of clothing with the use of innovative materials such as smart textiles in a modified form of presentation through performance and standard way of design that finds its inspiration in architecture in segments.
Characterization of bainite-ferrite structures formed on the heat-affected zone of a dissimilar welds of high-strength steel (S700MC/S960QC) and their dependency on cooling time
Authors: Njock Bayock , Kah Paul , Mvola Belinga , Layus Pavel , Cai Xiaoyu
Published: January 2021

Modern steel structures and joints must satisfy various increasingly demanding requirements such as high yield strength, improved cross section to mass ratio, and desirable ductile-to-brittle transition properties. Consequently, joining different types of high-strength steels has become an attractive option from the cost perspective and for weight and corrosion reduction. In dissimilar welding, however, there remains a need for better understanding of discrepancies in microstructure formation resulting from asymmetric heat distribution. In this study, a characterization of the transformation of bainite, ferrite, and martensite in the microstructure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) formed by a cooling time of 10 kJ/cm of heat input was carried out for dissimilar high-strength joint steels (S700MC/S960QC). The characterization was performed by scan electron microscopy (SEM) sampling, the images of which were analyzed by ImageJ Pro and evaluated by volume fraction of block - like granular bainite (GB). The alloy elements composition close to the fusion line of both materials was then assessed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed a strong presence of GB, which had about 70% volume fraction in S700MC at 615 °C, and which comprised formations of lower bainite and retained austenite (RA) at 420 °C. The presence of 55% block GB was observed at 470 °C in S960QC, which was caused by the formation of tempered martensite (TMA) at 400 °C. Presence of 1.3Ni, 0.4Mo, and 1.6Mn in the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of S700MC confirmed the risk of brittle failure on the S700MC side due to the high presence of carbide and ferrite in the GB.
Study Supervision: Its Need in the Mathematics of the Elementary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Curtis A. M.
Published: January 2021

The remarks of the last speaker in emphasizing the importance given by Harvard to ability of the student to accomplish in limited time definite tasks are most timely in view of the point I wish to bring to your attention under the title on your program.
A New Method for the Solution of Cubic Equations
Authors: McMahon Frank J.
Published: January 2021

Cubic equations can be solved by a method similar to that used in the extraction of a cube root.
The Retention by Teachers of Computational Skills in Arithmetic
Authors: Rausch Oscar P.
Published: January 2021

A study by Challman (1) reported in the February, 1946, issue of The Mathematics Teacher gave evidence that many of the fundamental skills in arithmetic are forgotten by students after they are no longer exposed to the environment of the classroom. Whether or not similar results would be obtained if a study were made to determine the retention of computational skills in arithmetic by teachers was a purpose of the following investigation.
Multi-Sensory Aids Based on Applications of Mathematics
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

A unifying theme for this discussion of mathematical models may be found in the three words, concreteness, reality, and mathematics. Any multi-sensory aid of course gives a psychologically desirable concrete embodiment to more abstract concepts; aids based on applications give an added reality that increases interest and attention, but none of these results is of real value unless they combine to produce a better understanding of substantial, worthwhile mathematical principles. Having stated these principles, we will, in the interest of time saving and conciseness, leave it to you to evaluate the devices and determine how or where they may be of use, and we will here proceed to the discussion of specific devices.
Arithmetic in the Secondary School Curriculum
Authors: Lyda W. J.
Published: January 2021

While perusing the results obtained on a written test of thirty verbal “reasoning” problems in arithmetic, the writer noted the fact that on three of the problems the number, and hence the percentage, of secondary-school pupils1 who were average and/or above average in psychometric intelligence and who worked these problems correctly was distressingly low. Some idea of the situation can be gleaned from an examination of Table I which follows.
Teaching Computation with Approximate Data
Authors: Shuster C. N.
Published: January 2021

Seeing the problem: In the last four years the author has asked 270 students to find the square root of 64.000. These students ranged from high school graduates in the upper half of their classes up to teachers in high schools, teacher training schools, and colleges. Only seven of these superior students, or less than 3% got the correct answer (8.0000). The favorite answers were ±8, ±8.0, and ±8.00.
Group Affiliation with the National Council
Authors: Charlesworth H. W.
Published: January 2021

The first, of this series of articles appeared in the October issue of The Mathematics Teacher, The situation of affiliation was briefly summarized in that article, the need for a more effective type of affiliation was shown, announcement of the Delegate Assembly at the 1950 Chicago convention was made, groups which have been affiliated with the National Council were asked to renew their affiliation by December 1, and new affiliations were invited.
Have You Heard?
Authors: Woolsey Edith
Published: January 2021

Are you looking for some more topics for use at your local mathematics club meetings? Here arc a few more summaries of discussions t hat were held at the Baltimore meeting in April. Do the teachers in your club have different ideas about these subjects?
Group Affiliation with the National Council
Authors: Charlesworth H. W.
Published: January 2021

Renewals of affiliation should have been in by December 1. By March 1 many new affiliations will be completed. Each of these groups will send one delegate to the Delegate Assembly in Chicago next April. Questionnaires on affiliation which have been sent to affiliated groups, to Board members, and to state representatives should be in by now.
Group Affiliation with the National Council
Authors: Charlesworth H. W.
Published: January 2021

Affiliation is looking up! Reports from groups all over the country indicate great activity in the direction of the establishment of well organized state groups of teachers of mathematics. The numerous letters received show a definite and active interest on the part of leaders to effect sound and working organizations. I have seen copies of constitutions of newly organized groups and revised constitutions of older groups.
An Experience Program for the Training of Teachers of Mathematics at the University of Oklahoma
Authors: Lewis Eunice
Published: January 2021

Prior to September, 1946, the training of student teachers at the University of Oklahoma consisted of a “subject centered single hour period.” It was evident that the type of program which had been offered was failing to prepare our teachers for their future responsibilities. It became apparent that there was a need for an integrated experience curriculum that gave implementation of theory through varied experiences with children and adolescents in a complete school program. This could not be obtained in a “narrow and restricted one hour segment of the day.”
Have You Heard?
Authors: Woolsey Edith
Published: January 2021

Discussion groups are becoming more popular and more valuable with each meeting of the Council. It is interesting to note that teachers in distant parts of the country have the same teaching problems to solve. Here are brief summaries of a few of the discussions at the December program in Wichita. If you take up these questions at meetings of your local clubs, and reach conclusions which would be of value to other teachers, send them in and let us relay them to other readers of The Mathematics Teacher.