bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PERUBAHAN KADAR HISTAMIN PADA PINDANG TONGKOL (Euthynnus affnis) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Ariyani Farida , Yulianti Yulianti , Martati Titiek
Published: March 2017

Untuk memberikan informasi kepada konsumen mengenai kondisi ikan pindang tongkol yang disimpan dalam kaitannya dengan perkembangan histamin pada produk, maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai perubahan kadar histamin pada pindang tongkol selama penyimpanan.
PENGAMATAN ASPEK BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN KAKAP MERAH (LUIJANUS MAIAbAT\CUS) DARI PERAIRAN SAPE DAN KUPANG
Authors: Andamari Retno , Milton David , Velde Tonya Van der , Sumiono Bambang
Published: March 2017

Pengamatan aspek biorogi reproduksi ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus marabaricus) dari perairan Kupang telah dilakukan pada sampel ikan yang diambil setiap bulan mulai desember 2000 sampai dengan Nopember 2001 di perairan sape dan Januari sampai Desember 2001 di perairan Kupang. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi hubungan panjang berat, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, fekunditas, dan diameter telur pada ikan kakap mlrah sebanyak 389 ekor dari sape dan 35b ekor dari Kupang.
One-step synthesis and microstructure of CuO-SDC composites
Authors: Firmino H. C. T. , Araújo A. J. M. , Dutra R. P. S. , Nascimento R. M. , Rajesh S. , Macedo D. A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract An in situ one step synthesis route based on the polymeric precursor method was used to produce dual phase CuO-samaria doped ceria (SDC) nanocomposite powders. This chemical route allowed to obtain composite powders with reduced particle size and uniform distribution of Cu, Ce and Sm elements. The particulate material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement. CuO-SDC sintered in air between 950 to 1050 °C and subsequently reduced to Cu-SDC cermets were further characterized by XRD and scanning electron microscopy. The open porosity was measured using the Archimedes’ principle. Suitable microstructures for both charge transfer and mass transport processes (30 to 45% porosity) were attained in Cu-SDC cermets previously fired at 1000 to 1050 °C. Overall results indicated that CuO-SDC composites and Cu-SDC cermets with potential application as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be obtained by microstructural design. An anode supported half-cell was prepared by co-pressing and co-firing gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) and the herein synthesized CuO-SDC nanocomposite powder.
Nickel adsorption and desorption in an acric oxisol as a function of pH, ionic strength and incubation time
Authors: Mellis Estêvão Vicari , Casagrande José Carlos , Soares Marcio Roberto
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Although nickel (Ni) has both important potential benefits and toxic effects in the environment, its behavior in tropical soils has not been well studied. Nickel adsorption-desorption in topsoil and subsoil samples of an acric Oxisol was studied at three pH values (from 3.0 to 8.0). Adsorption-desorption isotherms were elaborated from experiments with increasing Ni concentration (5 to 100 mg L-1), during 0, 4, and 12 weeks, using CaCl2 0.01 and 0.1 M as electrolytic support in order to also verify the effect of Ni-soil time contact and of ionic strength on the reaction. Experimental results of Ni adsorption fitted Langmuir model, which indicated that maximum Ni adsorption (71,440 mg kg-1) occurred at subsoil, after 12 weeks. Nickel affinity (KL) was also greater at subsoil (1.0 L kg-1). The Ni adsorption in the topsoil samples was higher, due to its lower point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and higher organic matter content. The increase in soil pH resulted in the increase of Ni adsorption. Nickel desorbed less from soil samples incubated for 4 or 12 weeks, suggesting that Ni interactions with colloidal particles increase over time. The amount of Ni desorbed increased with increasing ionic strength in both the topsoil and subsoil soil samples. Finally, adsorption-desorption hysteresis was clearly observed. Soil pH, ionic strength of soil solution and the Ni-soil contact time should be considered as criteria for selecting the areas for disposal of residues containing Ni or to compose remediation strategies for acric soils contaminated with Ni.
Performance of sunflower cultivars at different seeding periods in central Brazil
Authors: Birck Marcos , Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos , Stasiak Diogo , Iocca Andréia Fernanda Silva , Hiolanda Rosivaldo , Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a very important crop for Brazil, and especially for Chapada do Parecis which is the largest domestic producer, because of its climate and soil conditions are adequate to the development of the specie. The performance of cultivars and sunflower seed sowing periods were evaluated in Central Brazil. Experimental design comprised an 8 x 5 factorial randomized complete block, with eight sunflower cultivars (Aguará 06, Aguará 04, MG 305, CF 101, SYN 3950HO, SYN 045, GNZ NEON and HELIO 251) and five decennial seeding periods, with three replicates. Analysis of variance and Scott-Knott´s test (p<0.05) were applied. Cultivars GNZ NEON and SYN 045 provide the highest production rates in achenes, with higher value in favor of GNZ NEON. SYN 3950HO (this with higher value), CF101, MG 305, SYN 045 and Aguará 04 gets the highest oil rates in the achenes, with SYN 045, GNZ NEON, Aguará 04, CF101 and SYN 3950HO with the highest oil production. The first seed sowing period is the most productive and the first and fifth periods have the best results for oil productivity. Cultivar GNZ NEON and the first period exceede the others with regard to vegetative and reproductive variables.
Reação da termosfera a tempestades geomagnéticas
Authors: Oliveira D. M. , Silveira M. V. D.
Published: March 2017

A termosfera é uma das camadas mais externas da atmosfera terrestre, localizada entre 90-1000 km de altitude, logo abaixo da exosfera. Composta por átomos e moléculas neutras, ou partículas neutras, a termosfera é extremamente sensível à variações de energia nela depositada. Durante a ocorrência de tempestades geomagéticas, moderadas ou intensas, uma grande quantidade de energia e momentum são depositadas em regiões de alta latitude da termosfera. O plasma, proveniente do vento solar, é energizado na magnetosfera e ao atingir a termosfera provoca o aquecimento das partículas neutras e a elevação da camada. As perturbações causadas pelas tempestades geomagnéticas na termosfera afetam as órbitas de satélites e outros objetos que transitam nessa região. Assim, o estudo de tais efeitos é extremamente importante do ponto de vista científico e tecnológico. Neste artigo, apresentaremos uma revisão das principais características da termosfera durante intervalos de calmaria (sem tempestades) e intervalos de tempestade. Logo após, discutiremos os efeitos provocados na termosfera pela tempestade geomagnética ocorrida em 20 de novembro de 2003. Para exemplificar os efeitos causados na termosfera, apresentaremos dados de densidade de partículas neutras observados pelo acelerômetro a bordo de um satélite de baixa órbita (LEO, do inglês low-Earth orbit) coletados durante aquela tempestade geomagnética.
Subordination strategies in Tupian languages
Authors: Gijn Rik van , Galucio Ana Vilacy , Nogueira Antonia Fernanda
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Assessing the internal coherence and constituency of language families often centers either around comparing certain form-meaning correspondences, or around identifying the presence or absence of linguistic features across the members of the family. The former approach is generally restricted to the lexicon. The latter approach focuses mostly on structural characteristics of language. In this paper we present an alternative approach to comparing grammatical systems between languages within a language family, which aims at bringing these two approaches and their results closer to each other. We look at subordination strategies in a sample of Tupian languages, taking constructions as the basic unit of comparison, treating them as form-meaning correspondences. The Tupian family offers an especially intriguing case for studying subordination strategies in the South American context, given its enormous geographical spread and the variety of contact situations involving its member languages. Major patterns of subordination strategies can be discerned across the family, e.g. strategies involving nominalization, verbal incorporation and other subtypes of verbal serialization, but there is also a great degree of variability between the different languages. By mapping the structural diversity onto the known genealogy and geographic distribution, we hope to shed more light on the history of the Tupian family and on the diffusability of subordination strategies.
ASSESSING THE SLEEP QUALITY AND DEPRESSION-ANXIETY-STRESS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS
Authors: BANIASADI Nadieh , DEHESH Mohammad Moein , MOHEBBI Elham , HAYATBAKHSH ABBASI Mahdy , OGHABIAN Zohreh
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders with chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habit without any organic reason. Sleep disorders may be associated to IBS. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess sleep disturbances and depression-anxiety-stress in IBS patients. METHODS In this analytical cross sectional study from November 2013 to May 2014, A total of 123 IBS patients were recruited by simple random sampling. IBS was diagnosed using ROME-III criteria. Demographic and basic data were driven from all patients then Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was utilized to estimate sleep quality and DASS (depression anxiety stress scale) questionnaire was filled out for depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 29±9, where 48 cases (39%) were male. Twelve cases (10%) had a background disease. Types of IBS in patients were included 38% diarrhea, 42% constipation and 20% mixed. From all IBS patients 87 (71%) cases had depression, 97 (79%) patients stress, 94 (76%) patients had anxiety. Seventy-six (62%) cases of IBS patients had poor sleep quality. Simultaneously employing predictors demonstrate that gender, background disease, and type of IBS did not statistically significant. On the other hand, depression (P=0.034, OR=2.35), anxiety (P=0.011, OR=3.022), and stress (P=0.029, OR=2.77) were significantly effect on sleep quality in poor sleepers. CONCLUSION Many of IBS patients is suffering from poor sleep quality. It seems that sleep disorder should be considered and treated in this patients.
Error analysis of the thermal cell for soil thermal conductivity measurement
Authors: Low Jasmine E. , Loveridge Fleur A. , Powrie William
Published: March 2017

Soil thermal conductivity is an important factor in the design of energy foundations and other ground heat exchanger systems. Laboratory tests in a thermal cell are often used to determine the thermal conductivity of soil specimens. Two interpretation methods have been suggested. Analysis can be based on the assumption of one-directional heat flow and the thermal conductivity calculated using Fourier's law. Alternatively the lumped capacitance method can be employed, using results generated as a specimen cools. In this study, six samples of London Clay were tested using a thermal cell. A finite-element model of the tests was then used to determine the validity of the assumptions made in analysis. The model showed substantial heat loss through the sides of the specimens, which would have a significant impact on the calculated thermal conductivity. The conditions required for the lumped capacitance method to be valid were also found not to be met. Consequently neither analysis method is recommended. A better approach would be to pursue apparatus with fewer heat losses or transient testing techniques.
On manifestations of delayed failure and the effect of dilatancy in transient poro-elasto-plastic analyses of slopes and excavations
Authors: Schuerch R. , Vrakas A. , Anagnostou G.
Published: March 2017

Depending on shear strength and soil permeability, an excavation may initially be stable but fail after some time, thus raising the practically important issue of stand-up time. This paper uses coupled hydraulic–mechanical analyses to investigate how delayed failure manifests itself. A relatively simple geotechnical problem is considered and provides valuable insights into the mechanism of delayed failure. The results presented are thus also relevant to other geotechnical problems, such as the stand-up time of tunnel headings. Emphasis is placed on the effects of plastic dilatancy as it affects ground response not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Under the frequently made simplifying assumption of a constant positive dilation angle, coupled analyses inevitably lead to a constant deformation rate at failure, whereas failure is (commonly) associated with accelerating displacements. Models that allow for shearing under constant volume lead to accelerating displacements but inherently exhibit numerical stability problems close to the failure state. In order to determine stand-up time, it is essential to evaluate the numerical results in their entirety, including the time development of the displacement, stress and pore pressure fields.
An Analysis of the Revisit Intention and Behaviors of Foreign Package Tourists to Jeju
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Hee-Jung , Seo Se-Jin , Suh Yong-Kun
Published: March 2017

This study investigates behaviors of foreign package tourists to Jeju and their satisfaction level with a Jeju tour. The purpose of this study is to identify the significant factors that have an affect on satisfaction and the intention to revisit among foreign package tourists. The survey was conducted from June to December in 2014 at the Jeju international airport and 1,821 data samples were collected. As the results indicate, three factors were present as follows: (1) tour service and human service (This includes satisfaction of travel expenses, bus service, tourism information, shopping, tour guide friendliness and communication skill, tourism staff and local people) (2) accessibility (This includes satisfaction of arrivals in customs, the air/marine service and obtaining easy access to Jeju after arriving in Korea) (3) travel convenience. These factors have a significant influence on travel satisfaction and intention to revisit to Jeju. Based on these results, this study suggests some policy implications to improve the revisiting rate of foreign package tourists.
Industry Classification and Competitiveness for an Integrated Resort Casino Using an Input-Output Model
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Choong-Ki
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to classify an Integrated Resort Casino (hereafter IR) according to economic factors and then derive the resulting multipliers. The study examines IR competitiveness using an Input-Output Model (hereafter I-O Model). Based on previous I-O studies and I-O tables obtained from the Bank of Korea (2014), IR is classified into three major sectors: 1) casino, 2) tourism, and 3) convention with a further six sub-sectors being: shopping, restaurant, accommodation, convention, entertainment, and casino. This study derived six multipliers of output, income, value added, indirect tax, employment, and importation based on 27x27 industrial sectors where IR was disaggregated into six sectors. Results reveal that output multipliers of IR were relatively lower than in other sectors, whereas income and employment multipliers of IR were higher than in general and export sectors. The findings indicate that IR is more likely to generate income and employment, implying a labor intensive industry. The results of backward and forward linkage effects indicate that IR influences and receives impacts from other sectors moderately. Also, IR was found to have a strong effect on foreign exchange earnings as compared to major expert industry. Implications were provided in the conclusion section based on the results of this study.
CONCEPT OF SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Moceviciene Aldona
Published: March 2017

Quality of life – important area in health care system which requiring substantial adjustment of priorities and reallocation sources. It is necessary to allow welfare for recipients with disabilities to improve their quality of life too. World Health Organization, in defining the concept of quality of life, finds that it is a wide concept connected with person physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social communication and relationships with the environment. There is no consensus concerning the definition of Disability, Special Needs, inclusive education and concepts.
THE KNOT SCRIPT – THE LOST WRITING SYSTEM OF THE LATVIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Nastevičs Uģis
Published: March 2017

The article analyses a writing system of the Latvian language that has been scarcely researched before. The evidence of the usage of the knot script and song clews is present in the Latvian folklore, although it has been commonly considered as a metaphor. At the beginning of the 20th century there were individuals still using it prior to the conventional literacy increase due to the general education. Similar knot scripts can be found in several cultures around the globe. The article encompasses a study of previous researches and evidence in periodicals, Latvian community in Lithuania, education of commoners in Latvia, reciprocal comparison of the Latvian knot script writing systems, interview with a contemporary witness and experiment on reconstruction of the Latvian knot script.
PUPILS WITH HEARING AND MENTAL DISABILITIES HEARING PERCEPTION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN MUSIC LESSONS
Authors: Grāpēna Līga
Published: March 2017

The aim is to explore the musical lessons possibilities hearing perception and language development of primary school pupils with hearing and mental disabilities.Music students with hearing and mental disabilities serve as aesthetic education and intelligence fault correction tool. This is achieved with the sound of artistic images, leading to emotional disturbances, developing imagination, bringing artistic taste, causing children's activity, stimulating the movement.
Utilization of E-Books by the Doctoral Researchers: A Case Study of IISER, Thiruvananthapuram
Authors: Beegum Sarjoon N. R. , Humayoon Kabir S.
Published: March 2017

This study attempts to investigate the users perspective about e-books and e-readers, reasons and purpose of using e-books, preferred format for reading and downloading e-books, awareness about e-readers, the most used e-book reader by the researchers, the importance of e-books in research, the key constraints faced by the doctoral researchers of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research. It is found from the study that almost all the users are well aware of e-books, e-readers and e-book reading technologies as the Institutional Library is successful in providing most of the resources in electronic format.
Scientometric Analysis of Scientific Papers from India (1989-2015) based on WoS Data
Authors: Kolle Shankar Reddy , Shankarappa T. H.
Published: March 2017

The characteristics of highly cited papers from India in Web of Science from 1989-2015 are analyzed. The papers that have been cited at least 100 times till the 31st December 2015 are examined. Scientometric analysis of paper that have been cited at least 2000 times, their citation counts in 2015 and average citations per year and subject category are computed. Major contributing institutions, total papers and citation counts per paper are identified. The major collaborating countries, their total papers and their citation counts were also investigated. The most productive journals and their citation counts and the most prolific authors with at least 50 papers are identified.
Anatomy of Open Access Mathematics Journals
Authors: Das Prabir Kumar
Published: March 2017

Present study focuses on analysis of open access journals in the field of mathematics based on data collected from DOAJ. It highlights various facets of open access publishing like growth, publishing country, language, publisher, funding model and licensing. Open access journals in mathematics are published in 22 languages from 64 countries by 394 publishers across the globe. It was seen that mathematics OA journals started appearing in DOAJ during 2002; afterwards there has been incessant flow of new titles; 96 new titles were added in 2011. Interestingly developing countries like India, Egypt, and Brazil have embraced OA. English is the most preferred language, Professional's organisations, commercial publishers are involved in OA mathematics publishing, of which Hindawi Publishing Corporation (9%) is the leading contributor. The study also reaffirms pervasive nature of mathematics owing to the existence of large array of multi-disciplinary OA journals. It is seen that majority of OA journals do not charge APC.
A cross sectional study to assess effects of mastoid drill on hearing levels in chronic suppurative otitis media cases in a tertiary care hospital in northern Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Amit , Khairnar Poonam
Published: March 2017

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is most common middle ear disease that is encountered in daily practice. It is accepted that middle ear surgery carries a small risk of sensorineural hearing loss. The present study was done to assess the effects of mastoid drilling on hearing loss in operating ear and contralateral ear in cases of CSOM.

Methods: 80 patients with CSOM (with or without complications) age group 15 - 60 years attended the ENT outpatient department of Government Medical College and Hospital after taking consent were selected for the study using universal sampling technique, between August 2014 to August 2016.  

Results: The study was conducted on 80 patients, aged between 15 to 60 years, who underwent ear surgery for CSOM at Government Medical College Hospital, from August 2014 to August 2016. We found no postoperative SNHL in 28 patients, while 52 patients (48 patients with temporary SNHL & 4 patients with permanent SNHL) had suffered from development of mild SNHL after middle ear surgery.

Conclusions: Mastoid drilling used during ear surgery can cause mild sensorineural hearing loss in immediate postoperative period in operated ear. 
Comparative study between proximal femoral nailing and dynamic hip screw with proximal femoral locking compression plates in intertrochanteric fracture of femur
Authors: Veeragandham Prasad , Sahu Ramesh Kumar , Misra Subarna
Published: March 2017

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures occur in people with poor bone quality, about half of the intertrochanteric fractures are comminuted and unstable. The purpose of the present study was to compare the outcome of surgical treatment of proximal femoral fracture by dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femoral nail (PFN) and proximal femoral locking compression plate (PFLCP).

Methods: This prospective comparative observational study had included cases presented with intertrochanteric fractures of femur attended orthopedic OPD and emergency department were treated with dynamic hip screw (DHS), proximal femoral nailing (PFN) or proximal femoral locking compression plate. Post-operative x-rays were done to assess reduction and progress of union (non-union/mal-union), any post-operative complications e.g. operative wound infection, implant failure etc.

Results: In our study, we found that PFNs prove to be more useful in difficult fractures with a subtrochanteric extension or reversed obliquity. The rotational stability was higher when proximal femoral nail is used in these fractures. The incidence of wound infection was found to be lower with intramedullary implants which resulted in early ambulation of the patients.

Conclusions: In our study, we found that proximal femoral nails prove to be more useful in difficult fractures with a sub-trochanteric extension or reversed obliquity. The rotational stability was higher when PFN is used in these fractures. The incidence of wound infection was found to be lower with intramedullary implants which resulted in early ambulation of the patients. Non-union of trochanteric fracture although is a rare entity.
Prospect of organic dairy farming in India: A review
Authors: Maji* Saikat , Meena B.S. , Paul Pampi , Rudroju Vishwatej
Published: March 2017

Dairy farming has the potential for providing additional income to the farmers along with achieving major goal of organic farming i.e. diversified production and supporting biological cycle within farming system. India presently is the largest producer of milk in world supported by an astonishing growth rate in dairy sector. Apart from this due to increasing consumer awareness there has been an increased concern voiced over quality of milk and milk products including contamination, pollutant and the residual effect of various chemicals. Interest inorganic dairy farming is increasing at rapid pace worldwide as an alternative solution. Recent years have seen a sharp rise in demand of organic milk and milk products. Under Indian condition, rapid spread of organic dairy farming is possible because of some key geographical, cultural and economic advantages like traditional nature of farming and indigenous technical knowledge and practices followed by Indian farmers etc. But prevalence of small dairy farmers also poses many challenges for faster proliferation of organic dairy farming along with some other shortcomings. Present article provide some insight on strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats of organic dairy farming in the country along with some potential ways to overcome these weaknesses and threats.
Development and characterization of dietary fiber and natural antioxidant supplemented Chhana based sweet dairy product ‘Sandesh’
Authors: Paul Kaninika , Riar* Charanjit S
Published: March 2017

“Sandesh” a traditional dairy product was restructured with addition of bran (rice, wheat, oat) for dietary fiber and oregano extract as a natural antioxidant source. The product was analyzed for physicochemical, rheological, sensory and functional characteristics. The dietary fibers increased significantly upon fortification of basic ingredients with bran. Texture profile analysis indicated that hardness and gumminess of Sandesh increased where as cohesiveness and springiness decreased significantly as a result of cooking. Chewiness was higher in wheat and oat bran added Sandesh which deceased their acceptability as per sensory evaluation scores.The color played an important role in oregano extract added Sandesh acceptability as it appealed more as compared to other sensory parameters. Sandesh with oregano extract and rice bran together scored highest in sensory evaluation which clearly augmented the acceptability of Sandesh with rice bran and oregano extract. The sample containing oregano extract showed more DPPH scavenging activity than that of rice bran alone but the presence of both rice bran and oregano extract showed a synergistic effect. Concluding Sandesh with rice bran and oregano extract may be marketed commercially having high therapeutic value with increased antioxidant activity.
Effect of whey protein concentrate and fruit juice on sensory quality of enriched misti dahi
Authors: Shree* T.C. Soumya , Venkatesh M.M. , Praveen A.R. , Teja V. Sri
Published: March 2017

An attempt has been made in the study to develop protein enriched misti dahi by incorporating whey protein concentrate (WPC) at three levels (2, 4 and 6 per cent). Addition of WPC at 2 per cent level led to product having higher overall acceptability score of 8.08 as against 8.31 for control sample based on 9-point hedonic scale. Misti dahi prepared incorporating 2 per cent WPC was considered suitable for further trials. A blend of orange and apple juice (1:1 ratio) was tried out at three levels (5, 10 and 15 per cent); 15 per cent level was found suitable yielding product having acceptable overall sensory score.
Studies on keeping quality of shrikhand prepared from cow milk blended with unripe banana
Authors: Hole1 D.V. , Kahate*1 P.A. , Shelke1 R.R. , Ingle2 S.T. , Khandare3 N.O.
Published: March 2017

The evaluation of microbial count in unripe banana shrikhand under four levels of unripe banana pulp viz. 10 (T2), 15 (T3), 20 (T4), 25 (T5) percent by weight of chakka and a constant level of sugar @45 percent by weight of unripe banana shrikhand were used and one control treatment (T1) without unripe banana pulp was used for comparison of growth of SPC and YMC between treatments with unripe banana pulp under refrigeration (5±10C) temperature over 0, 3, 6 and 9 days period interval. Microbial count of shrikhand gets increased from the day of preparation to 9th day in all the treatments. Treatment with 20% unripe banana blending shows slow growth of microorganisms.
Effect of incorporation of sapota pulp and cocoa powder on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of shrikhand
Authors: Sharma Shashi Kr. , Peter Shanta , Sharma1 Alpana , Kumar*2 Akhilesh , Rai3 V.P.
Published: March 2017

The present investigation was made with an attempt to develop shrikhand by partial addition of different level of sapota pulp and cocoa powder and to evaluate its effect on nutritional and microbial quality. The sapota pulp was incorporated at 7,14 and 21 percent levels . The cocoa powder at the rate of 2% was incorporated in all samples including control. Physico-chemical analysis, total solids, acidity, carbohydrate, moisture, fat, protein, ash, antioxidant and TPA, was done for estimating nutritional content safety. The shrikhand with 14% level sapota pulp was found to be highly acceptable. Physico-chemical and nutritional quality has been evaluated.
Quality analysis of raw jackfruit based noodles
Authors: kumari* Veena , Divakar Suma
Published: March 2017

Noodles were extruded as 6 treatments using raw jackfruit bulb flour, jackfruit seed flour and refined flour in different proportion. Different levels of refined wheat flour, jackfruit seed flour and jackfruit bulb flour were added in the ratio (40:30:30, 50:25:25, 50:30:20, 50:40:10, 50:10:40, 50:20:30). This study comprises the quality analysis of the noodles with respect to its cooking quality and physical characteristics. Cooking qualities were analysed with respect to cooking time, cooked weight, cooking loss and water absorption. Physical characteristics like extrusion behaviour, bulk density, true density, swelling index, yield ratio and colour were also analysed. It was observed that cooking and physical quality of noodles was not affected by composition of composite flour. The developed noodles were found to be acceptable. Treatment T6 was observed to have significantly higher yield ratio and significantly lower cooking time.
Effect of germination on proximate principles, minerals and anti nutrients of flaxseeds
Authors: Kajla* Priyanka , Sharma Alka , Sood Dev Raj
Published: March 2017

Four flaxseed varieties viz., JL-27, JL-23, JLS-6, and JLS-9 were germinated for 48 hours. Moisture, fat, protein, and fibre, minerals and antinutritional factors were analyzed in germinated flaxseeds and were compared with the raw. Macro and micro minerals were also assessed for both raw and germinated flaxseeds. Results showed significant variations between raw and germinated flaxseeds. Germinated flaxseeds were more nutritious as compared to raw flaxseeds. Raw flaxseeds were rich in macro minerals whereas germination significantly improved the micro mineral profile of flaxseeds. Germinated JLS-9 seeds revealed maximum significant increase for iron, zinc and manganese. Germination process significantly reduced the cyanogenic glycosides and phytic acid. Maximum reduction for cyanogenic glycosides (82.37%) was noted in JLS-9, whereas phytic acid decline was maximum (52.27%) in JL-23.
Preparation and nutritional quality evaluation of gluten-free cookies
Authors: Tanwar*1,2 Beenu , Dhillon1 Meenakshi
Published: March 2017

The present study was carried out with an aim of development and standardization of gluten free cookies. In this study, the gluten-free cookies were developed from the following flours mixture: bajra flour (BF), buckwheat flour (BWF) and ragi flour (RF). Four experimental variants (gluten-free cookies) were obtained by varying the proportion of flours. The optimization of the gluten free cookies recipe was realized through sensory analysis, using the 9 point hedonic scale. Samples of cookies were subjected to the nutritional analysis viz. moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content total carbohydrate content, total fat and protein content. The blend A3with flour levels BWF 60g: RF 40g: BF100g led to the highest acceptability.
Morphological Identification of Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and Estimation of their Seasonal Abundance in Al-Showak District, Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Croof Hamid I. M. N. , Nour Mai M. , Ali Nahla O. M.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to identify the tabanid flies in the Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan and to estimate their seasonal abundance. A number of 374 flies sample were collected by the trapping method in the period October 2014 to October 2015 and were sorted out using certain morphological features that include; size, head, thorax, wings, legs, antennae and abdomen. The observed features of 47 randomly selected samples were recorded and were used to create an identification key that can be used for future characterization and identification of any member of the Tabanidae family. More tabanids flies were collected during the wet (52.29%) than the dry season (47.71%). A number of 5 species of Tabanidae namely; Tabanus autumnalis (Szilády 1914); Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920); Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858); Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) and Philoliche sp. were reported for the first time in the state of Gedaref. The method described here has advantages over the other methods of identification; that it is simple, costless, and requires no skillful person to perform. The collection procedure is very crucial, for the specimen must be of high-quality. This key will facilitate the recognition of the vector species and its possible role in the transmission of the parasitic and/or viral animals’ diseases in the area. 
Toxicity Removal of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Employing Chemicals
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Srivastava Nupoor , Jagadish R.S
Published: March 2017

Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from nonwood raw materials such as bagasse (sugar cane fibers), cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. Large amount of toxic effluent is released during process of paper production. Pulp and paper mill spent wash (raw effluent) is highly acidic in nature with high BOD, COD, TDS,  TSS, phenol, sulphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and metals viz. Mn Zn Cu Ni Fe and Na . Effluent was treated with chemicals FeCl3 and KMnO4. pH was found to increase from 7.8 to 8.4 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of KMnO4. Similarly colour, COD and BOD were decreasing with increasing concentration of KMnO4. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 21.25%, 93.79% and 81.48% respectively at 5g l-1 concentration of KMnO4. Decrease in pH was recorded from 3.3 to 2.0 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of FeCl3 (Ferric chloride).  Decrease in colour, COD and BOD were also observed with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 99.10%, 54.16% and 85.92% respectively at 5g l-1 conc. of FeCl3.
Estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas y calidad nutricional en distintas variedades de frijol consumidas en México
Authors: Sánchez Chávez Esteban , Fernández Valeriano América Fernanda
Published: March 2017

Introducción: El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la leguminosa más importante para consumo humano en el mundo, es una fuente importante de proteína, calorías, vitaminas del complejo B y minerales. Por lo que el objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue estudiar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la calidad nutricional en las principales variedades de frijol consumidas y producidas en México, con el propósito de conocer  sus beneficios nutricionales para el consumidor.                       Método: En este estudio se seleccionaron seis variedades de frijol más representativas y consumidas en México: Bayo, Negro, Peruano, Flor de Mayo, Alubia y Pinto, así como, una variedad de frijol ejotero. A estas variedades se les determinaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, C, H y N por medio del Analizador Orgánico Elemental Flash 2000. La determinación de Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Na, K, Ca y Mg se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y el P se terminó por espectrofotometría y metavandato-molibdato de amonio.Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como, en el contenido de macro y micronutrientes en las diferentes variedades de frijol estudiadas. En general, sobresalió el frijol ejotero en las propiedades fisicoquímicas, contenido de micronutrientes y macronutrientes en relación a las variedades de frijol en grano.Discusión o Conclusión: La semilla del ejote presentó las máximas concentraciones en proteína, N, P, K, Mg, Fe y Zn, mientras que las variedades de frijol de grano estudiadas sobresalieron en fibra (Alubia), proteínas (Pinto y Bayo), en Fe (Flor de Mayo). Por último, resaltar que la variedad de frijol de grano estudiada que presentó un aporte bajo en proteína, contenido de N, Mg y Ca fue la variedad Frijol Peruano. Finalmente, se concluye que el frijol ejotero representa un gran beneficio para el consumidor por el aporte de proteínas, carbohidratos, fibra y minerales. Así mismo, tiene un potencial para ser utilizado en un programa de biofortificación con micronutrientes para mejorar su calidad nutricional.
Synthesis of the modified nanofiber as a nanoadsorbent and its dye removal ability from water: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic
Authors: Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad , Mokhtari-Shourijeh Zahra , Ghane-Karade Asieh
Published: March 2017

In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber was prepared and modified by diethylenetriamine (DETA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA). Dye removal ability of the modified nanofiber (PVA/DETA/EDA/GA) as a nanoadsorbent from water was studied. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the characteristics of the modified nanofiber. Direct Red 23 (DR23) and Direct Blue (DB78) were used. The effect of operational parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature and adsorbent dosage on dye removal was studied. The dye adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated. The maximum dye adsorption capacity of the modified nanofiber was 370 and 400 mg/g for DR23 and DB78, respectively. Four isotherms, the Langmuir, the Freundlich, Tempkin and a modified Langmuir–Freundlich model were used. Dye adsorption on the modified nanofiber followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic order. Thermodynamic data showed that dye removal was a spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption process.
Ammonia nitrogen removal and recovery from acetylene purification wastewater by air stripping
Authors: Zhu Lei , Dong DeMing , Hua XiuYi , Xu Yang , Guo ZhiYong , Liang DaPeng
Published: March 2017

Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) contaminated wastewater has posed a great threat to the safety of water resources. In this study, air stripping was employed to remove and recover NH4-N from acetylene purification wastewater (APW) in a polyvinylchloride manufacturing plant. Investigated parameters were initial APW pH, air flow rate, APW temperature and stripping time. The NH4-N removal by air stripping has been modeled and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) of the stripping process has been calculated from the model equation obtained. In addition, the ability of H2SO4 solution to absorb the NH3 stripped was also investigated. The results indicated that under the experimental conditions, the APW temperature and its initial pH had significant effects on the NH4-N removal efficiency and the KLa, while the effects of other factors were relatively minor. The removal efficiency and residual concentration of NH4-N were about 91% and 12 mg/L, respectively, at the optimal operating conditions of initial APW pH of 12.0, air flow rate of 0.500 m3/(h·L), APW temperature of 60 °C and stripping time of 120 min. One volume of H2SO4 solution (0.2 mol/L) could absorb about 93% of the NH3 stripped from 54 volumes of the APW.
Production of Reducing Sugar from Cassava Solid Waste by Simultaneous Ultrasonication and Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Simanjuntak Wasinton , Satria Heri , Utami Nurul
Published: March 2017

In this study, acid hydrolysis of cassava solid waste under ultrasound irradiation for reducing sugar production was studied. A series of experiments was carried out under a 40 kHz ultrasound irradiation, with the main purpose to examine the effect of pHs, hydrolysis times, and temperatures on the concentration of reducing sugar produced. As a control an untreated sample was subjected to thermal hydrolysis under the optimum condition obtained from the hydrolysis experiments under ultrasound treatment. The results obtained indicated that the highest reducing sugar concentration was obtained from the experiment undertaken at pH = 2.0; hydrolysis time of 90 min, and temperature of 80 °C. Experiment conducted at this optimum condition was found to produce reducing sugar with the concentration of 801 mg/L. This concentration around 11 times over that produced from control sample, demonstrating that simultaneous ultrasonication and hydrolysis is far more effective than conventional thermal hydrolysis. This hydrolysis improvement is attributed to the ultrasound stimulated degradation of starch molecules, leading to accelerated hydrolysis due to the cavitations of the molecules, as evidently shown by the result of SEM characterization of the original and ultrasonicated sample.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Pyranon Derivated from Endophytic fungi Penicillium sp the Leave of Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Fitrya Fitrya , Ruliza Milanti Okta , Susanti Dwi Anjar , Elfita Elfita
Published: March 2017

Two compounds from cultivation of the endophytic fungi Penicillium sp of leaves of kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria have been isolated. The endophytic fungus was cultivated on 5 L of Potatos Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at room temperature (no shaking) for 3 weeks. The cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate to afford 3.0 g of residue after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure. The extract was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CC) and afforded two pure compounds as colorless oily liquid (compound 1) and yellow crystal (compound 2). The structure of these compounds were characterized by detailed UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopic analysis and compound 1 as well as comparison with the reported data. Base on spectra analysis the compound 1 was determined as Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and compound 2 as 5-(4’-ethoxy-2’-hydroxy-5’-methyl-2’,3’-dihydrofuran-3’-il (hydroxy) methyl-4-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-pyran-2-on). Compound 1 is not new compound, but it is new for endophytic fungus from C. zeodoria and compound 2 is new compound.
Effect of Silica Fillers on Characterization of Cellulose-Acrylamide Hydrogels Matrices as Controlled Release Agents for Urea Fertilizers
Authors: Swantomo Deni , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Basuki Kris Tri , Sudiyo Rahman
Published: March 2017

Controlled Release Urea Fertilizers-based hydrogels matrices was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto the rice straw cellulose backbones in the presence of silica fillers using simultaneous graft copolymerization by gamma irradiation as initiator. Evidence of the silica presence on grafted cellulose was obtained from FTIR. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline was reduced through silica fillers added. The effect of silica content on grafting efficiency, gel fraction, Young modulus, swelling degree, and urea loading were examined. It was found that grafting efficiency and gel fraction decrease with increasing silica added inversely with Young modulus. Water swelling and loading urea fertilizers into hydrogels matrices were conducted and the results showed that swelling degree and urea fertilizers loading increased first and then decreased with increasing silica added. The effect of the silica fillers had implications in the mechanism of controlled release urea fertilizers that diffusion-controlled mechanism became dominant, which attributed to the decreasing of urea diffusion coefficient.
Biotransformation and Cytotoxic Activity of Guaiacol Dimer
Authors: Widiyarti Galuh , Abbas Jamilah , Anita Yulia
Published: March 2017

Guaiacol, a phenolic compound is known as an anticancer. Dimerization of guaiacol has been done by biotransformation using peroxidase enzyme as biocatalyst. This enzyme was isolated from Indonesian plant, kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. alboglabra). Analysis of dimerization product was carried out by TLC, IR, LC-MS, and NMR. Whilst analysis of in-vitro cytotoxic activity was carried out by MTT method against breast cancer T47D and MCF7 cells. The result showed that the dimerization reaction gave O-para dehydroguaiacol. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity analysis showed that O-para dehydroguaiacol compound has potency as anti-breast cancer.
Theoretical Study on the Extraction of Alkaline Earth Salts by 18-Crown-6: Roles of Counterions, Solvent Types and Extraction Temperatures
Authors: Hadisaputra Saprizal , Canaval Lorenz R , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Armunanto Ria
Published: March 2017

The roles of counterions, solvent types and extraction temperatures on the selectivity of 18-crown-6 (L) toward alkaline earth salts MX2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Cl-, NO3-) have been studied by density functional method at B3LYP level of theory in gas and solvent phase. In gas phase, the chloride anion Cl- is the preference counterion than nitrate anion NO3-. This result is confirmed by the interaction energies, the second order interaction energies, charge transfers, energy difference between HOMO-LUMO and electrostatic potential maps. The presence of solvent reversed the gas phase trend. It is found that NO3- is the preference counterion in solvent phase. The calculated free energies demonstrate that the solvent types strongly change the strength of the complex formation. The free energies are exothermic in polar solvent while for the non polar solvent the free energies are endothermic. As the temperature changes the free energies also vary where the higher the temperatures the lower the free energy values. The calculated free energies are correlated well with the experimental stability constants. This theoretical study would have a strong contribution in planning the experimental conditions in terms of the preference counterions, solvent types and optimum extraction temperatures.