bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İMAM ŞÂFİÎ’NİN HABER-İ VÂHİDİ İTİKATTA DELİL OLARAK KULLANMASI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME (er-Risâle Örneği)
Authors: ÖZKUL Serap
Published: August 2022

İslâm dininin temelini akîde oluşturur. İnanç esasları, diğer hükümlerde olduğu gibi önce Kur’ân’a sonra sahih hadislere dayanır. İnanç esaslarını delilleriyle konu alan ilim ise kelâm ilmidir.

Tek kişinin haberi anlamında kullanılan haber-i vâhidle amel konusunda hicrî ilk asırlardan itibaren tartışmalar yaşanmış, söz konusu tartışmalarda Kelâm ilmi de nasibini almıştır. Haber-i vâhid ile nakledilen inanç esaslarının Kur’ân ve mütevâtir habere dayanması gerektiği konusunda görüşler öne sürülmüş, haber-i vâhidin inanç konularında hüccet olamayacağı konusu ön plana çıkarılmıştır. İmam Şâfiî, haber-i vâhidin hücciyetini er-Risâle’de savunmuş, haber-i vâhidin delil olduğunu Kur’ân’dan, Peygamber ve sahâbe döneminden getirdiği örnekleri ileri sürerek ispat etmeye çalışmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, hadislerin çoğunluğunu oluşturan haber-i vâhid, haber-i vâhidin hüccet oluşu, İmam Şâfiî’nin haber-i vâhidle ve kelâm ilmiyle ilgili görüşleri ve er-Risâle bağlamında haber-i vâhidi itikatta delil olarak kullanıp kullanmadığı ele alınmıştır. Haber-i vâhidle ilgili görüşler delil ve örnekleriyle ortaya konularak bir îzah amaçlanmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda İmam Şâfiî’nin haber-i vâhid ile ilgili herhangi bir tasnife gitmeyip hüküm itibariyle haber-i vâhidi hem amelde hem akîdede hüccet kabul ettiği yönünde bir kanaat hasıl olmuştur.
MOLLA AHMED EL-CEZERÎ’NİN DİVANINDA ALLAH TASAVVURU
Authors: TABARA Eyup
Published: August 2022

Şark insanının öne çıkan hususiyetlerinden birisi, toplumda kabul görmüş yüce şahsiyetleri, mistik bir atmosfer içinde teneffüs etmektir. Tarihte isminden bahsettiren Ahmed-i Hani, Fakiy-i Teyrân gibi bazı âlim edebiyatçılar hakkında yazılı bilgiler sınırlı olmakla birlikte, şifahȋ kültürle gelen birçok menkıbe bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın ana konusunu teşkil eden Molla Ahmed el-Cezerȋ’de de aynı durum söz konusu olup, hakkında pek fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Fakat bu şahıslar hem yazdıkları eserlerle hem de insanların teveccühünü kazanmakla, kendilerini nesilden nesile aktarılan, övgüyle bahsedilen bir platforma taşımışlardır.

Molla Ahmed el-Cezerȋ, tasavvufȋ meşrepte yol almış, şark insanının gönlünde yer edinmiş Cizreli bir âlimdir. “Divan” adlı eseriyle meşhur olmuştur. Divan edebiyatının inceliklerine vakıf olmuş, Türkçe, Arapça ve Farsçayı ileri düzeyde bilmektedir. İlim tahsili için Irak, Şam, Diyarbakır ve Hakkâri gibi diyarlara seyahatte bulunmuştur. Divanından anladığımıza göre Molla Ahmed el-Cezerȋ’nin Allah tasavvurunun oluşmasında, kâinatta müşahede ettiği Esma-i Hüsna’nın tecellileri etkili olmuştur. Tabiattaki hayretengiz hadiseler, deveranlar, kusursuz intizam ve işleyiş; el-Cezerȋ’nin gönül dünyasını farklı bir boyuta taşımıştır. Eşyada, Allah’ın Kadir, Cemil, Kemal, Rahman gibi isimlerinin yansımalarına tanık olmuştur. Çevresinde ruhuna nüfuz eden bu kevnȋ âyetleri, Divan’ında edebî bir üslupla ele alıp, kendinden sonraki nesillere aktarmıştır.
Fıkıh Usûlünde Sahâbî Kavlinin Hüccet Olması Meselesi
Authors: DEMİR İbrahim Halil
Published: August 2022

Öz

Bir sahâbînin kendi görüşü olan her söz ve eylemine sahâbî kavli denir. Sahâbî fetvası ve sahâbî mezhebi terimleri de aynı anlamdadır. Usulcüler arasında şer’î kaynak olup olmadığı tartışılan sahâbî kavli, birçok yönden incelenmiştir. Genel olarak üç görüş ortaya çıkmıştır. Bazıları şartsız bir şekilde sahâbî kavlini kaynak sayarken, bazıları tam tersine şartsız olarak onu kaynak saymamıştır. Üçüncü görüştekilere göre ise, eğer sahâbî kavli naklî yani vahye dayanan konularda olursa kaynaktır, yok eğer ictihâdî yani akla dayanan konularda olursa kaynak değildir. Sahâbe arasında yaygın olmuş ve herhangi bir itiraz görmemiş sahâbî kavli, ictihâdî olmayan konulardaki sahâbî kavli ve ictihâdî konularda olup kıyâsa aykırı sahâbî kavli, çoğunluk tarafından kaynak sayılan sahâbi kavli çeşitleridir. Üzerinde en fazla tartışma yaşanmış olan sahâbî kavli ise, tabiûn arasında yaygınlık kazanmış kıyâsa uygun olan sahâbî kavli olmuştur.
Bedî‘ İlminde Teşkîk Üslubu
Authors: YURTTAŞ Tahsin
Published: August 2022

Bu makalede Arap edebiyatında hitabete dayalı bir söylem biçimi olan teşkîk üslubu ve edebi nükteleri incelenmiştir. Teşkîk bir sözü, dinleyiciyi şüphe içerisinde bırakacak şekilde söylemektir. Diğer bir deyişle muhatabın kendisine söylenen ve şek içeren bir sözde iki ve daha fazla mana/hüküm arasında bırakılmasıdır. Bu üslup, şiir ve nesirde kullanıldığı gibi Kurân-ı Kerîm’de de geçmektedir. Muhatabı etkilemek üzere sözü anlamsal açıdan güzelleştirmeyi gaye edindiği için teşkîk sanatı bedî‘ ilmi içinde değerlendirilmelidir. Teşkîk, muhatabı şüphe içinde bırakmayı gaye edinmesiyle tevcîhten, cümle ve terkiplerde görülmesi yönüyle de tevhîm sanatından ayrılır. Bununla birlikte geldiği sözdizimsel yapıların birbirine benzemesi nedeniyle meânî ilmiyle de ilişkilidir. Teşkîk içeren bir anlatımda kapalılık vardır ve muhatap, şüphe ve şaşkınlık içinde bırakıldığı için o sözle hangi anlamın kastedildiğini bilemez. Bununla birlikte teşkîk üslubuna başvuran kişi (konuşan) bu manalardan hangisini tercih ettiğini bilir. Konuşan kişi dinleyicinin ilgisini çekmek, onu belirli bir psikolojik duruma sokmak için de bu üsluba başvurur. Teşkîk sanatı Arap belâgatında ve özellikle bedî‘ ilminde kullanılmasına rağmen Mağrib belâgat ekolünden olan el-ʿUmde fî meḥâsini’ş-şiʿr ve âdâbih adlı eserin sahibi İbn Reşîk el-Kayrevânî (ö. 456/1064) ve el-Menzeʿü’l-bedî‘ʿ fî tecnîsi esâlîbi’l-bedî‘ʿ adlı mantıkî belâgat eseriyle tanınan Ebü’l-Kâsım Sicilmâsî (ö. ?) hariç bu üslubu ayrı bir başlık altında inceleyen bir kaynak ya da çalışma tespit edilememiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada Sicilmâsî’nin kategori ve mantık ilmi açısından yaklaşarak teşkîki tanımlaması ve ayrı bir edebi üslup olarak ele alması özellikle vurgulanmıştır.
Moğolları Durduran Savaş: Aynicâlût Savaşı
Authors: ALİ Hüseyin
Published: August 2022

İslam tarihindeki en önemli savaşlardan biri sayılan Aynicâlût savaşı H. 25 Ramazan 658 / M. 3 Eylül 1260 tarihinde meydana geldi. Zor koşulların hâkim olduğu bir dönemde ortaya çıkan Memlûklu Türk hükümdar Seyfüddîn Kutuz, Moğol akınlarını durdurmayı başardı. O sıralarda komutanlarından biri olan Baybars el-Bundukdârî ile birlikte askeri ve siyasi deneyim ve feraset sayesinde Moğolları yenilgiye uğratarak Moğollara ilk ağır yenilgiyi yaşatan komutan oldu. Aynicâlût savaşı, İslam dünyasındaki birçok şehrin trajik bir şekilde Moğolların eline geçmesinden sonra yaşandı. Önce Harezmîler devletini yıkan Moğollar daha sonraları kuşattıkları Bağdat’ı ele geçirdiler. Böylece şehri yakıp yağmaladıktan sonra halife el-Mutasımbillah’ı katlettiler. Bunun sonucunda Abbasî hilafeti de son bulmuş oldu. Ondan sonra Suriye ve Filistin’deki bütün şehirler düştü ve Hülâgû'nun yönetimi altına girdi. Mısır ise bu sıralarda iç çekişmelerle boğuşuyordu. Bu çekişmeler öyle sürüp giderken sonunda 1259 yılında sultan Seyfüddîn Kutuz, Memlûklu sultanı olarak Mısır’da tahta çıktı. Ardından Moğollara karşı koymak için hazırlıklar yapılmaya başladı. Önce Mısır’ın iç işlerine çeki düzen veren Kutuz, tahtta gözü olanların isyanlarını bastırdı. Ondan sonra Farisuddin Aktay’ın öldürülmesinden sonra Mısır’dan kaçmış olan kölemenleri kapsayan genel af çıkardı. Askeri hazırlıkları aksatan ekonomik krizin üstesinden gelebilmek için dönemin Mısır baş kadısı İzzeddin b. Abdusselam’dan Mısır halkından vergi toplamasına imkân veren bir fetva çıkarmasını istedi. Kadı İzzeddin b. Abdusselam belli başlı bir takım özel şartlarla vergi toplamaya imkan veren bir fetva çıkardı. Sultan Kutuz, askeri hazırlıklarını bitirir bitirmez orduyu Mısır’ın doğusunda bulunan Salihiye’ye doğru yola çıkardı. Oradan Filistin’deki Bisan ve Nablus arasında yer alan Aynicâlût ovasına vardı. Burada İslam ordusu ile Moğol ordusu arasında yaşanan savaş Müslümanların zaferiyle sonuçlanırken Moğol ordusunun büyük bir bölümü imha edildi.
ABDURRAHMAN B. AHMED B. ALİ El-HUMEYDÎ’DE METHİYE ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: EGE Ramazan , TİLKİTAŞ Sadullah
Published: August 2022

Asr-ı saadetten önce Arap edebiyatında birçok örneğine rastlanan kasideler, Abbasiler dönemi ile birlikte maksat ve muhtevada meydana gelen değişim ile birlikte bedî‘ sanatlarının da kullanılmasıyla bedî‘iyyât adıyla yeni bir tarz olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bedî‘iyye kelimesinin çoğulu olan bedî‘iyyât, bahr-ı basit vezinli ve mim kafiyesiyle yazılan peygamber methiyesi konulu kasidelere verilen isimdir. Şairler gerek şairlik becerilerini sergilemek gerekse bazı bedenî rahatsızlıkları için Hz. Peygamber’i şifa vesilesi kılmak ya da bedî‘ sanatlarını öğretmek maksadıyla bu türden beyitler nazmetmişlerdir.

Bu makalede, Mısırlı şair Abdurrahman B. Ahmed B. Ali el-Humeydî’nin bedî‘iyye tarzında kaleme aldığı Menḥu’s-semi‘ bi şerḥi temliḥi’l bedî' bi medḥi’ş-şefî‘ adlı eserinde ele aldığı 40 ve 83 arasındaki beyitler ve bu beyitlerde yer alan bedî sanatları tanıtılacaktır. Bu yapılırken, müellifin sistemi esas alınarak lafzî ve manevî bedi‘ sanatları karışık bir düzende işlenecektir.
Entrelaçando os saberes docentes na privação de liberdade
Authors: Miranda Kátia Aparecida da Silva Nunes , Alves Juliano Cláudio , Faria Luciane Miranda
Published: August 2022

Este artigo busca refletir sobre a possibilidade de o processo educacional no sistema prisional atuar na mudança das condições de vida dos indivíduos em situação de privação de liberdade, a partir de práticas metodológicas humanizadas e libertadoras adotadas pelos docentes desses espaços. Como resultado, pretende-se identificar, nesses ambientes, a existência de ações e recursos didático-pedagógicos que visam garantir aos jovens aprisionados o acesso à educação. A análise efetuada parte de uma revisão de literatura de cunho bibliográfico e documental como suporte às reflexões sobre como se encontra, na atualidade, o processo educacional para as pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade, buscando destacar a educação como uma ferramenta capaz de promover a (re)construção da cidadania e a reinserção desses indivíduos ao convívio social.
Tecnologia e subjetividade: a interação dos professores com o diário de classe digital
Authors: Sabadine Ketlyn Marciele Ferreira , Mendes Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli , Brito Paulo Sérgio dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Este artigo é resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado profissional em Educação e Novas Tecnologias. Nele é apresentada a análise de dados de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com diretores, pedagogos e professores atuantes na rede estadual de educação no município de Curitiba. O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de investigar a apropriação e uso do Registro de Classe Online (RCO), ferramenta informatizada de registro escolar a fim de identificar e analisar a relação estabelecida entre os sujeitos da escola e a tecnologia digital em questão. Os autores que fundamentaram a pesquisa foram Vieira Pinto (2005); Feenberg (2013); Paro (2016); Freire (2000); Brandão; Dagnino; Novaes, (2004); Ferreira (2001). Ao analisar as falas dos sujeitos foram encontradas 5 categorias emergentes dos dados da pesquisa: Concepção de tecnologia; Preparação para apropriação e uso do Registro de Classe Online; Aparato tecnológico; Funcionalidades da ferramenta digital (RCO); Democracia ou controle do trabalho docente. Na pesquisa encontrou-se evidências que indicam que o RCO pode ser ao mesmo tempo uma ferramenta de gestão democrática ou controladora dependendo da finalidade e intencionalidade de quem a usa.
Um olhar sobre as contribuições dos povos indígenas e africanos para a cultura alimentícia brasileira: uma proposta para o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Duarte Bruna Marques , Ribeiro Rhuan Guilherme Tardo , Gomes Luciano Carvalhais
Published: August 2022

Este artigo intenciona apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação, que teve como objetivo analisar como os conteúdos sobre nutrição podem ser aliados à perspectiva étnico-racial, baseada na lei 11.645 (BRASIL, 2008), que estabelece a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena”, no currículo escolar. Destarte, discutir a importância da diversidade cultural alimentícia nas aulas de Ciências dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Para isso, realizaram-se intervenções em uma turma do 8º ano de uma Escola do Campo, localizada no município de Nova Esperança, Paraná. Desde as atividades, que objetivavam a formação multicultural discente, levando-os a ponderar sobre a necessidade do respeito e conhecimento da cultura dos povos africanos e indígenas, podemos observar que as interações com a nossa cultura são relevantes para formação social dos sujeitos, pois integram a comunidade escolar com os diversos contextos. Assim, atividades com este enfoque são importantes na aproximação entre cultura e ciência.
What Lessons can the Luckin Coffee Scandal Offer to Australia–China Cross-Border Listed Companies’ Supervision? Problems and Reform Suggestions in China
Authors: Guo Qi
Published: August 2022

The continuous disclosure compliance of Chinese cross-border companies listed in Australia has long been a concern, as Chinese companies are either frequently delisted or rejected by the Australian Securities Exchange. The particularity of cross-border listings generates information asymmetry between securities regulators based out of the host jurisdiction and the home jurisdiction. This then impacts the effectiveness of the host jurisdiction’s supervision of the cross-border listed companies and each company’s continuous disclosure compliance. The purpose of this article is to clarify the issues surrounding cross-border supervision by the securities regulators in China to shed light on current dilemmas and suggest possible reform proposals. Considering the similarities of the securities markets in the US and Australia, as a case study example, this article looks at Luckin Coffee, a US-listed Chinese company, which created a scandal in 2020 when it was accused of continuous disclosure fraud. The case points out relevant lessons for Australia–China securities cross-border supervision.
INTRODUCTION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICS
Authors: Diwan Dr. Anupama
Published: August 2022

Dr. Anupama Diwan; Dr. Narender Yadav
DRUG ABSORPTION & ITS MECHANISM
Authors: Diwan Dr. Anupama
Published: August 2022

Dr. Anupama Diwan; Dr. Mohini Kalra
FACTORS INFLUENCING RENAL AND NON-RENAL CLEARANCE
Authors: Yadav Dr. Narender
Published: August 2022

Dr. Narender Yadav; Dr. Mohini Kalra
IN-VITRO DRUG DISSOLUTION TESTING MODELS
Authors: Jindal Heena
Published: August 2022

Heena Jindal; Manoj Kumar Sharma
PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS
Authors: Tewatia Sumit
Published: August 2022

Sumit Tewatia; Dr. Gufran Ajmal
ONE-COMPARTMENT OPEN MODEL (E.V. ADMINISTRATION)
Authors: Kumawat Dr. Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Dr. Mukesh Kumar Kumawat; Sumit Tewatia
LINEAR PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Kumawat Dr. Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Dr. Mukesh Kumar Kumawat; Dr. Anupama Diwan
MICHAELIS MENTEN EQUATION
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Rashid
Published: August 2022

Mohammad Rashid Iqbal, Manoj Kumar Sharma
TO PREPARE AND STANDARDIZE SOLUTION OF 0.1M SULPHURIC ACID
Authors: DIWAN Dr. ANUPAMA , SHARMA Mr. MANOJ KUMAR
Published: August 2022

Dr. ANUPAMA DIWAN ; Mr. MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA
TO PREPARE AND STANDARDIZE 0.1 N SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Authors: DIWAN Dr. ANUPAMA
Published: August 2022

Dr. ANUPAMA DIWAN ; Mr. MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA
TO PREPARE AND STANDARDIZE 0.1 M SOLUTION OF CERIC AMMONIUM SULPHATE
Authors: YADAV Dr. NARENDER
Published: August 2022

Dr. NARENDER YADAV; Dr. KAPIL KUMAR
O PERFORM ASSAY OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (ACID-BASE TITRATION) AND STANDARDIZATION OF TITRANT
Authors: KUMAR Dr. KAPIL
Published: August 2022

Dr. KAPIL KUMAR ; Dr. ANUPAMA DIWAN
TO PERFORM ASSAY OF EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE (NON-AQUEOUS ACID BASE TITRATION) AND STANDARDIZATION OF TITRANT
Authors: KUMAR Dr. KAPIL
Published: August 2022

Dr. KAPIL KUMAR ; Mr. MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA
EXPLAIN QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION (PRECIPITATION TITRATION) OF BARIUM SULPHATE
Authors: YADAV Dr. NARENDER
Published: August 2022

Dr. NARENDER YADAV; Mr. MANOJ KUMAR SHARMA
Impact of peptic ulcer disease on the quality of life: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: A. Shanshal Sadeel , Saleh Noori Ali , Atheer Ghazi Jaafar , Tahseen Dahham Abdullah , Mohamed Saleh Abdulrahman Samer , Al-Qazaz Harith Kh.
Published: August 2022

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a serious chronic medical condition. It is considered one of the most common illnesses worldwide. PUD has its own impact on the patients’ quality of life (QOL). Objectives: This study aimed to assess the QOL in patients with peptic ulcer disease in Mosul city, Iraq. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 385 patients in a public general hospital and 5 local pharmacies in Mosul city during the period from 10th May to 5th August 2021. Data collection was performed using a face-validated SF-12v2 questionnaire assessing the patients’ physical, mental, and overall health. All the data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses. Results: Overall, only 8.6% of the participants reported that their general health is poor. The majority (40.8% and 38.4%) stated that peptic ulcer disease has no or little impact on their moderate daily physical activity. Significant differences were found in the physical, mental and overall QOL scores with socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Quality of life assessment indicated that there are some negative impacts in the patients’ daily life caused either by the patients’ environmental aspects or peptic ulcer related symptoms.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Vital Drug Carrier for Migraine Treatment
Authors: Lade Swati , Shah Nirmal , Burle Sushil
Published: August 2022

Migraine is a very mysterious and much-misunderstood disorder characterized by pulsating headache in one side of the head in the form of attacks lasting from 4-48 hrs. It is a complex neurological condition, in this condition which can affect the whole body with many symptoms. However to cure this and effective treatment the nanostructured lipid carriers are used as widely nowadays. This use of structures ranges from the size 1-100nm with the main aim to develop the medicine to diagnose as accurately and effectively with less or no side effects. As we developed the stability and leakage of drugs is also improved. As we know the limitations from the different routes of administration are first-pass metabolism, poor bioavailability, and poor solvency to overcome these limitations Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared. Transdermals, ocular, oral, topical, and parenteral are the different routes through which Nano based systems are delivered. Spatially incompatible liquid lipids and solid lipids are blended and NLCs were prepared. The main advantages of drug therapy over conventional carriers NLCs are improved bioavailability, increased solubility. This review describes the NLC used for the migraine treatments, its advantages, and disadvantages, types, NLC techniques, mode of action, of NLC. Imperfect, amorphous, and multiple types are the main three types of NLCs. Lipids like solid and liquid, Emulsifiers, and aqueous medium were the excipients used. Micro-emulsion technique, micro-emulsion-based SLN/NLC preparations, solvent diffusion method, high-pressure homogenization (HPH), hot and cold homogenization techniques, and melt emulsification method are the techniques used for the preparation of NLC.
Effects on Oral Supplementation of Nutraceuticals formulations - Trichovitals® in young adults for healthy maintenance of hair growth
Authors: Marimuthu Chandramohan , Ganesh Murugan Jaya , Sukumar Sruthi , Rajendran Priya
Published: August 2022

Nutrition is a major factor in affecting the health and appearance of hair. In addition to how one eats dietary supplementation plays very critical role in overall maintenance of healthy hair. Precisely Trichovitals® contains Natural Egg Shell Membrane as source of Collagen type (I, III, V, X) and Elastin, Ellagic acid an extract from Pomegranate red pigment, Sabbery (10% beta- glucogallin) an extract of Amla fruit, Biotin (Water soluble vitamin), Tetra hydro curcumin (Derivate of Curcumin) and Murraya koenigii (an extract of the curry leaf as natural source of the iron). With respected to the prior art data each ingredient has several independent clinical studies to support the growth of the healthy hair and influences strong impact on hair thickness, reduction in hair breakage and improvement in hair growth. This study leads to evaluate the impacts of synergy of nutritional and compared to control group (without oral supplements intake) for the healthy maintenance of the hair in healthy young-aged adults. Pilot studies were conducted to assess Trichovitals® on hair parameters. 1. Self-assessment questionnaire intended to perform an assessment on hair after 90 days of treatment for a group of 50 young aged volunteers. 2. Evaluated the efficacy of Trichovitals® for 90 days’ treatment by measurement of mean hair count, Pull test, Wash test, Comb and count test. In this pilot study, Volunteers expressed best results and the scores of self-assessment questionnaire were high for Overall hair volume, Scalp coverage, Thickness of hair body, Softness of hair body, Hair shine, Number of Hairs Lost on Average Day. Oral Trichovitals® consumption was associated with significant improvement in count of terminal hairs and reduction in hair loss after 90 days of treatment. Trichovitals® achieved significant change improvement in hair than placebo group (without oral supplements intake) by 90 days of the study. From the result analysis, Trichovitals® is deemed to be one of the most effective anti-hair fall supplements. For healthy beautiful hair, enhance the appearance of hair with precision of Trichovitals® and its unique composition helps to protect hair damage, prevents hair fall and promotes hair growth. The study confirms and concludes that the Oral supplementation of 500mg/day of Trichovitals® for 12 weeks is associated with significant impact on hair thickness, reduces split ends, hair loss, hair breakage and improvement in hair growth after 90 days of treatment.
Onaylanmış Merkezi Etkili İlaçların Antiviral Aktivitesi: Bir Anlatı İncelemesi
Authors: ELHADİ Esraa , ABDULAZİZ Leena , ABDALLAH Ejlal A. A. , ALNOOR Fadlalbaseer Alamin Eltieb Alnoor , YOUSEF Bashir A.
Published: August 2022

Viral enfeksiyonların ortaya çıkması ve yeniden ortaya çıkması, birçoğunun sinir sistemini etkilediği ciddi sorunları temsil eder; bu viral enfeksiyonların birçoğunun hala etkili bir aşı veya tedavisi yoktur, bu nedenle de novo ilaç keşfi yaklaşımı ile birlikte ilacı yeniden tasarlama yaklaşımının dikkate alınması ve başarılı aşıların bulunması bu enfeksiyonların üstesinden gelme çabalarını destekleyecektir. İlacın yeniden kullanım amacına yönelik yaklaşımı ile ilgili olarak, sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkileri onaylanmış ve antiviral aktivite sergileyen ilaçlar, kan-beyin bariyerini geçebilme ve sinir sistemine kolayca ulaşabilme avantajına sahip olarak, yeniden kullanım için umut verici adaylar sunmaktadır. Viral enfeksiyonların üstesinden gelme çabasında yer alan bu anlatı inceleme makalesi, başlangıçta sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkileri için onaylanmış ilaçların antiviral aktivitesine odaklanan araştırmaları özetlemekte ve bulgular viral aile grubuna göre bölümler halinde düzenlenmiştir. Diğer araştırmacılara ilaçların aynı ailenin üyeleri üzerindeki etkisi ile farklı viral ailelerin virüsleri üzerindeki etkisi arasında ilişki kurmasına yardımcı olmak için çalışmalarda kullanılan virüsler.
Features of regional development projects problems: analysis based on central Kazakhstan monotowns
Authors: Uzakova Sh. Т. , Ospanova A. D. , Uzak G. T.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the paper examines the problem of regional development projects (RDP) in monotowns of Kazakhstan the case of Karagandy region through aims and indicators of implemented programs and projects in order to understand are applicable for these monotowns and its value.   Methodology. With aim to better understanding the evolution and roots of ineffi ciency of RDP in Kazakhstan on base of Karagandy region monotowns it was adopted a comprehensive review of relevant literature, government programs and its indicators. The necessity of indicators revision and new approach based on project management principles (stakeholders and value) is suggested.   Originality / value of the research. The paper reveals the current state and revealed the root of ineffi ciency of regional development programs in monotowns and ways of their decision. Usability of key objectives and indicators of regional development programs to single-industry towns of Karaganda region are considered.   Findings. Government programs strongly emphasized the importance of mostly infrastructure projects however, the aim of the programs was to achieve economy diversity. In addition, there were a single indicators and methodology for all monotowns, which are not suitable for all of them. Government reports regarding the results of implemented projects showed only improvements on the power grid and water supply networks but studies and articles in the media state the low effi ciency and no impact and value for endusers of these programs and projects – local community.
Possibilities of applying the experience of foreign countries in the development of the higher education system of Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhanbyrbaeva A. N. , Kuzembekova R. A. , Baitenova L. M.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to study innovative trends in the development of the global education system and the possibility of their implementation in Kazakhstan.   Methodology. The authors used the methods of systematic, abstract, comparative research, analysis of quantitative data. The information base of the research is the National Bureau of Statistics and other offi cial sources of information, data on the results of previous research.   The originality / value of the study. The actual problems of the development of the system of higher education in Kazakhstan and the possibility of applying the experience of foreign countries to solve them are determined.   Findings. Recommendations have been developed to promote the innovative development of the higher education system of Kazakhstan based on the experience of foreign countries.
The role of small and medium-sized businesses in the national economy in conditions of economic instability
Authors: Baktiyarova A. Zh. , Yelshibayev R. K.
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the research is to determine the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the national economy during the crisis, as well as suggest ways of its development.   Methodology. In the course of the study, an economic analysis of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses was carried out on the basis of offi cial data using the economic and statistical method.   Originality / value. The study examines the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the national economy in conditions of economic instability caused by internal and external factors. The objective need for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, especially in the context of a geopolitical confl ict, is revealed. The classifi cation of business entities is systematized and a comparative assessment of foreign experience is considered. In addition, the main indicators determining the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the national economy are calculated and analyzed, conclusions and suggestions are made based on the analysis.   Findings. Based on the results of the study and analysis, the main conclusions were drawn that determine the essence and role of small and medium-sized businesses in the system of the national economy. As a result of vertical and horizontal analysis of small and medium-sized businesses, their potential, features and development prospects were identifi ed. Conclusions and recommendations for the development of small and medium-sized businesses have been developed.
State policy and development of entrepreneurship of Kazakhstan in conditions of un certainty
Authors: Isenova A. S.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the survival strategies of small and medium-sized businesses within the framework of the state policy in conditions of uncertainty, including in crisis situations.   Methodology. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to conduct this study. To analyze the state policy regarding small and medium-sized businesses and their adaptation to new conditions in Kazakhstan, this study uses the method of primary and secondary data research. The primary data were obtained during an online sociological survey among representatives of small and medium-sized businesses of the Karaganda region. The survey was conducted using the Google Forms tool, which was attended by 287 entrepreneurs of micro, small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of the survey was to study measures of state support, the consequences of the pandemic and strategies for the survival of SMEs, as well as to assess the understanding of SMEs of state policy in relation to them. Secondary data are obtained from open sources:statistical data of state bodies, international organizations. The advantages of the chosen research strategy are the possibility of conducting a comprehensive analysis of both the state strategy in relation to entrepreneurship and the adaptation of business in conditions of uncertainty.   Originality / value of the research. Small and medium-sized businesses implement socially signifi cant functions for the economy. The results of this study can fi nd their application in the improvement and transformation of state policy in the fi eld of entrepreneurship support.   Findings. Within the framework of this study, an analysis of the current situation of state policy in the field of entrepreneurship is presented. In the course of conducting a sociological survey among SMEs, the main di ffi culties  of doing business during the pandemic were identifi ed, as well as the main survival strategies within the framework of state policy were presented. Recommendations are given regarding the emphasis of the policy on encouraging and stimulating the introduction of digitalization of SMEs.
Financial and economic foundations of local self-government in rural areas (on the example of the Karaganda region)
Authors: Aubakirova Zh. B. , Aimagambetov E. B. , Belkina E. N.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze and assess conditions for the development of fi nancial and economic foundations of local self-government in rural areas of Karaganda region.   Methodology. The local community creates and adapts governance institutions and shapes policies and measures that contribute to the development of its region. Capacity building opportunities for local communities were determined by setting priorities for their development and access to resources and services, coordination of actions at the level of local government and higher state bodies.   Originality / value of research. Fiscal capacity of the territory, calculated taking into account the funds of budgets of all levels of the budgetary system per capita looks so that the ratio of expenditures of budgets can vary signifi cantly in diff erent territories as well as the ratio of population groups whose income depends on these budgets due to the uneven location across the territory of the number of budgetary organizations, which are fi nanced by higher-level budgets.   Findings. Despite signifi cant diff erences between the regions of the republic and in some cases the uniqueness of situations common to all regions is the nature of the links between the individual elements of the reproduction process, patterns of infl uence of the components on all parts of the process. The totality of these elements and their links forms the reproduction cycle. Therefore, the author considered the indicators characterizing the Karaganda region, where, as a hypothesis, the relationship between the resulting indicator of the GRP of agriculture and such factors as financial opportunities and the yield of grain and leguminous crops was proposed and proved. It was substantiated that the eff ectiveness of public administration is one of the conditions for ensuring sustainable soci o-economic development of the country and the region and improving the welfare of the population.
THE ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY
Authors: İŞTAR Hande , KASAP Burcu , ÇULLU Neşat , DEPBOYLU Burak Can , YAZMAN Serkan , İLHAN Gökhan , ARSLAN Kadir , TETİK SARUHAN Mürüvvet Funda , HARMANDAR Buğra
Published: August 2022

Objective: Number of pregnancy has a positive correlation with the development of lower limb venous insufficiency. We purpose to reveal the relation between the venous insufficiency in pregnancy and concomittant gestational features.

Method: A retrospective analysis was performed using data collected from the database of our institution between January 2016-January 2021. 35 patients were included. The informations about age, in vitro fertilisation usage, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), free T4 (fT4) and TSH levels, gestational diabetes mellitus (DM), other features and reports of Doppler ultrasound (USG) were investigated. Quantitative variables were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relation between qualitative variables were analysed using x2 test. Descriptive statistics of qualitative variables were considered as mean±standard deviation, median (25-75 percentile), minimum-maximum. Descriptive statistics of quantitative variables were considered as frequency (%). P
淺談後勤教育體系與人員訓練發展
Authors: 陳飛帆 陳飛帆
Published: August 2022

《孫子兵法》形篇第四:「善戰者,先立於不敗之地,而不失敵之敗也。是故勝兵先勝,而後求戰;敗兵先戰,而後求勝。」孫子認為作戰的關鍵核心在於「先勝而後戰」,換言之,打勝仗的部隊,必須在戰前就已具備各項戰勝的條件,才能舉兵作戰。時至今日亦同,平時即持恆勤訓精練,戮力戰訓任務,讓我國軍官兵充分具備執行任務的先決條件,在面對現階段瞬息萬變的兩岸情勢,能有效投入高科技、全方位作戰形態,因此紮實的軍事專業職能教育與訓練,將是我軍戰力發揮的基石。訓練發展與教育體系更是國防組織人力資源管理重要且關鍵的職能,希望藉由與時俱進的訓練,進一步打造能戰、善戰之勁旅。

 
A Single Center's Experience with BK-Virus Frequency in Post-Renal Transplant Patients in IKD Peshawar
Authors: Khan Raza Muhammad , Mufti Najam Ud Din , Sardar Waqas , Haseeb Abdul , Hanan Saad , Khan Ahmad Zeb
Published: August 2022

Objective: To measure the incidence of BK-Virus infection, treatment, and complications among patients who had kidney transplants at the Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: The single center experience retrospective study was conducted in IKD Peshawar, Pakistan from January to December 2021. Clinical and analytical data was gathered. Blood samples were tested for BK virus load using quantitative DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 131 patients were examined. Of the 131 participants, 117 (89.4%) were males and 14 (10.6%) were females, with a mean age of 30.04 5.41. All of the patients received a transplant from a blood relative. After six months, the BK-Virus plasma PCR was found to be positive in eight patients (6.2%) who had had kidney transplantation. Conclusion: Patients who have had a kidney transplant and are on induction treatment or other forms of immune-suppression are at an increased risk of contracting the BK-Virus infection. Immunosuppressive medicines should be reduced to the barest minimum for effective treatment. Keywords: Transplanted Kidneys, BK Virus.
Early Pregnancy Loss: Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) Vs. Conventional Evacuation and Curettage
Authors: Ahmad Basharat , Utman Naeema , Inayat Kausar , Safdar Sabah , Afridi Sanodia , Saleh Hira
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of manual vacuum aspiration vs standard evacuation and curettage in the case of early pregnancy loss: HMC hospital, Peshawar, gynecologic and obstetrics department Study Design: A Single-center study Duration and place of study: From January 1st, 2017, to January 30th, 2020, the study was carried out in the gynecological and obstetrics unit B of the HMC hospital, Peshawar. Patient Methodology: One thousand and sixty-three (603) patients were studied. According to the inclusion criteria, all patients who experienced an early miscarriage (18-42 years old) were recruited for the research. The lottery approach was used to split the patients into two groups. Those in Group A who had been treated by MVA Group B were individuals who had traditional surgical evacuation and curettage. Age and BMI were obtained after obtaining written consent from the patient. The patient's entire blood picture, blood group, hepatitis serology, and coagulation profile were analyzed as part of a baseline assessment. Ultrasound and the starting day of the last menstrual cycle were used to determine gestational age. Two hours before the surgery, misoprostol 400mcg was used to ripen the cervical lining. Aseptic procedures were followed during the process. Ultrasound was used to verify that both methods had successfully evacuated the uterus. Results Group A had a mean age of 27 years, while Group B had a mean age of 29 years, both with a standard deviation of 7.55 years in Group A. Approximately 40% of the patients in Group A were mono para, and 60% of the patients in Group B were multipara. Forty-two percent of patients in Group B were first-time paras, whereas 58 percent of patients in Group B were second-time paras. In Group A, 40% of the patients were first-time mothers, whereas 60% were multiple mothers. There were 42 percent primi gravida and 58 percent multi gravida in Group B. Aspiration using manual vacuum and conventional evacuation and curettage were equally successful for 92% and 82% percent of patients, respectively. Keywords: Early Pregnancy Loss, M .V. A, Conventional Evacuation And Curettage
Gold Nanoparticles and its use to Treat Cancer in Liver Cirrhosis: A Review
Authors: Khan Bergees , Shahid Muhammad Wasique , Saeed Safdar , Mushtaq Qudsia , Ishtiaq Uzair , Farooq Sana , Arif Tabish , Maqsood Amjad , Raza Hassan , Arif Simra , Khalid Fatima , . Maria , Ameen Ayesha , Fatima Mehreen
Published: August 2022

Gold Nano particles have been use as an anti-cancer in nanotechnology and many other beneficial effects have been reported. In this study, Gold nanoparticles use is discussed as therapeutic effect in the liver. Gold nanoparticles have a considerable advantage due to their size, shape, and ease of transmission. They can be used widely in pharmaceutical industries. They exhibit many different dimensions which include two dimensions and three dimensions. They have a unique set of features that manage their usage against microbes, and cancer. There are not enough studies performed on the shape and size of gold nanoparticles. It was essential to conduct a study on the shape and size of these nanoparticles for different cells and cell lines. Gold nanoparticles are very actively use in the cancer treatment. Moreover, they can bind many drugs, Cancer that relates third cause of death worldwide is liver cirrhosis. Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, Cancer, Nanoparticles, Cell lines
Frequency of Complications Post-Intravesical BCG Instillation in Patients with Superficial Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: . Abdullah , Dilawar Omer , Afzal Muhammad Kamran , Noreen Fozia , Yasmin Rifat , Ali Aamira
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To analyze patients who underwent intravesical BCG instillation for non-muscle invasive bladder tumor and to determine the frequency of complications after intravesical BCG instillation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Urology and General Surgery, Pakistan Ordinance Factories Hospital Wah Cantt from 1st January 2019 till 31st December 2020. Methodology: Fifty patients; Results: The mean age was 57.06±7.93 years. Forty two patients (84%) were male and 8 patients (16%) were female. Four patients (8%) were Ta stage, 34 patients (68%) were Tis stage and 12 patients (24%) were T1 stage. Mean time interval between TURBT and BCG instillation was 28.68±5.07 days, mean number of BCG instillation cycles was 6.80±2.06 days. Ten (20%) patients had urinary tract infection, 19 (38%) patients had bladder TB, 9 (18%) patients had BCG sepsis, 5 (10%) patients had miliary TB, 2 (4%) patients had epidimo-orchitis, 2 (4%) patients developed ophthalmic complications, 1 (2%) patient had polyarthralgia, 1 (2%) patient had septic arthritis and 1 (2%) patient developed spinal Conclusion: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is most commonly used drug as chemotherapeutic agent for superficial bladder tumors after TURBT. Repeated cycles of BCG i.e. 6-12 cycles have been administered to patients. Previously most of symptoms i.e. LUTS, dysuria, hematuria were being associated with presence of tumor but now many case reports and few studies have associated these symptoms with BCG administration. Keywords: Superficial bladder carcinoma, Intravesical BCG, Lower urinary tract symptoms
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 on Clinical Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Siddiqui Mujtaba Hasan , Rana Muhammad Asim , Omar Siddiqui Mohammed Rehan , Iqbal Waseem , Elahi Rizwan , Nawaz Zahra , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor
Published: August 2022

Objective: To study the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on clinical features of breast cancer. Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Medicine, Bahria International Hospital and Farooq Hospital Lahore from 1st July 2017 to 1st December 2021. Methodology: Ninety breast cancer patients with diabetes whose clinical characteristics were compared with the control group of non-diabetic breast cancer patients. After confirmation of diabetic status of the patients through evaluation of blood glucose levels, pathological findings including spread of cancerous cells, their size, lymph node involvement, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her-2 status were evaluated. Obesity was declared in patients having body mass index greater than 30. Result: On comparison with control group, no significant difference was found in age and parity status of patients at the time of diagnosis whereas crude comorbidity score was significantly higher in diabetic patients (0.002). Average body mass index score of diabetic patients and those in control group was 30.5 than 23.7 respectively. 32 (33.5%) Diabetic breast cancer patients were declared obese than 26 (17.3%) non-diabetic patients. 82 (54%) of non-diabetic patients were diagnosed at Stage 1 of breast cancer. 93.3% of diabetic patients were found to have invasive ductal cancer (IDC). No significant difference was found in grading and hormonal status of the patients of two groups. Multivariate analyses on adjustment of body mass index found most diabetic patients to be negative for progesterone and oestrogen receptors. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus plays an important role in the progression and worsening of prognosis in breast cancer patients. Therefore, it should be considered as an important risk factor during the treatment of tumours including breast cancer. Controlling diabetic complications in breast cancer patients would play a pivotal role improving the clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. Keywords: Breast cancer, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Tumour progression, Obesity, Body mass index
Depression in Primary Caretakers of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Khatri Natasha , Nasir Kiran , Qureshi Ruqaya , Dhrolia Murtaza , Aasim Ahmad Aasim x
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of depression among the primary caretakers of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients at our center and its association with different factors. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute Karachi, Pakistan from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred and eighty-five data were collected using two questionnaires, one for demographic data and other was Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for assessment of depression, filled by the primary investigator and caretaker respectively. BD-II is a self-reporting questionnaire that consists of 21 questions and is used globally for measuring the severity of depression. Results: There were 123 (66.5%) males and 62 (33.5%) females. The mean age was 44.8±12.4 years. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid in 56 (30.3%) followed by diabetes mellitus in 32 (17.3%). The most common relationship was children of the patient in 59 (31.9%), whereas the second most common relationship was a spouse in 54 (29.2%). We found that 99 (53.5%) of our study participants had minimal depression, while none had severe depression. Variables like education, work status, monthly income, number of earning people, years on hemodialysis, comorbid conditions, and relationship with the patients were significantly associated with the degree of depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: The participants were suffering from minimal depression. We also found a positive association of depression in caretakers with multiple study variables. These findings will help physicians identify depression in caretakers of maintenance hemodialysis patients and identify those who need a referral to a psychiatrist/psychologist for proper treatment. Keywords: Depression, Primary Caretaker, maintenance, Hemodialysis
Evaluation of Random Plasma Glucose with Lowered Cutoff Limits for Screening of Diabetes and Prediabetes
Authors: Orakzai Sheryar , Ijaz Aamir , Bukhari Ashfaq Ahmad Shah , Durrani Mehwish , . Zulfania , Ghaffar Tahir
Published: August 2022

Objective: To evaluate whether random plasma glucose (RPG) can be used as predictive marker and to determine lower cut off limits for screening of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st July, 2020 to 31st December, 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty four subjects having RPG less than 200mg/dl were selected and then OGTT was done according to ADA guidelines. Enzymatic hexokinase method (reference method) using Cobas c501 ® analyzer was used for measurement of plasma glucose. Results: Mean age of patients was 39.92±12.49 years. There was significant difference (p=<0.001) between mean values of RPG in non-diabetics and diabetics at 95% confidence interval. Post-hoc analysis showed statistically significant difference between these groups. On applying ROC curve for prediabetics, it showed AUC of 0.777 while for diabetes it showed 0.922 at 95% CI. Diagnostic efficacy of RPG for prediabetics and diabetics at different cut off values was evaluated and it was found that sensitivity and specificity for prediabetics was good and for diabetics was excellent at cut off of 136mg/dl. Conclusion: Random plasma glucose can be used as a reliable screening tool for initial diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. A random cut off value of 136 mg/dl can be used as a reliable limit for screening purposes and can be confirmed by using OGTT. Keywords: Oral glucose tolerance test, Random plasma glucose, ROC curve, Diabetes, Prediabetes