bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwaving released more polyphenols from black quinoa grains with hypoglycemic effects compared with traditional cooking methods
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yan Yu , Li Wanqi , Huang Kai , Li Sen , Cao Hongwei , Guan Xiao
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Polyphenols were reported to exhibit inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes to regulate carbohydrates and lipid digestion. However, different cooking methods might cause differences in the composition of polyphenols in cereal grains and thus further affect their activities.

RESULTS

The present study used boiling, roasting and microwaving to cook black quinoa and extracted polyphenols from them. Their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content were determined, and phenolic composition was analyzed via high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Compared with other cooking methods, phenolic extract from microwaved black quinoa (PEM) showed the highest TPC value (about 2.64 mg GAE g−1). Microwaving released more phenolic acids (ferulic acid and gallic acid) from black quinoa grains. PEM also exhibited the strongest antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. Lineweaver–Burk plots showed that PEM inhibited α‐glucosidase in an uncompetitive mode, which was supported by circular dichroism analysis. PEM further reduced about 20.04% of digested starch in an in vitro digestion model and suppressed postprandial blood glucose increases (about 16.91% reduction) in vivo.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, our data suggested that microwaving could be an ideal method to cook quinoa in regards of its polyphenols in management of postprandial blood glucose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An assessment of the factors influencing loyalty among active sport event tourists: The case of Mallorca 312 in Spain
Authors: Jin Jianying , Zhou Bin , Nadal Jaume Rosselló
Published: April 2022

Tourist retention and boosted tourist loyalty are fundamental factors for sport event marketing. Using multiple linear and ordered logistic regression methods, this study examined factors that affected loyalty among active sport event tourists. The results revealed: (a) satisfaction had the greatest impacts on loyalty, with its effect on word‐of‐mouth recommendations outweighing re‐participation; (b) service quality and relationship investment quality directly affected loyalty, especially word‐of‐mouth recommendations, while social network quality did not; (c) pull factors and some socio‐demographic and behavioral characteristics also influenced loyalty. Findings in this study are important references for the sustainable development of sport event tourism, offering useful guidelines.
Is Hysterosalpingo‐Contrast Sonography (HyCoSy) Using Sulfur Hexafluoride Microbubbles (SonoVue) Sufficient for the Assessment of Fallopian Tube Patency? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Qu Enze , Zhang Man , Ju Jinxiu , Chen Ying , Lin Xin , Zhang Xinling
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of HyCoSy using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles for fallopian tubal patency assessment in infertile females. Twenty‐four studies, including 1358 females with 2661 detected fallopian tubes published from January 2003 to May 2019, were identified. The pooled sensitivity was 93% (95% CI: 90–95%), while the specificity was 90% (95% CI: 87–92%). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.96 (95% CI: 94–98%). The specificity of the four‐dimensional HyCoSy subgroup was higher than the 2D/3D subgroup; an increased dose of contrast agent did not affect the specificity, with only a slightly reduced sensitivity.
Monitoring potential spontaneous combustion in a coal waste dump after reclamation through unmanned aerial vehicle RGB imagery based on alfalfa aboveground biomass
Authors: Ren He , Zhao Yanling , Xiao Wu , Yang Xi , Ding Baoliang , Chen Chunfang
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous combustion of coal waste dumps is one of the main problems in mining areas. This risk still exists even after land reclamation and ecological restoration. Once spontaneous combustion of a coal waste dump occurs after reclamation, it will lead to repeated land degradation and vegetation damage again. Focusing on this issue, a monitoring method using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery based on alfalfa aboveground biomass (AGB) is proposed in this study. Two areas of a coal waste dump that suffered spontaneous combustion of coal waste after reclamation in Shanxi Province, China, were selected as the study area. Combined with the vegetation index and texture metrics extracted from UAV RGB imagery, the AGB was estimated using stepwise linear regression models. Finally, the intensity of spontaneous combustion was classified based on alfalfa AGB. In this study, our results show that: (i) the AGB estimation accuracy can be improved by combining the spectral and texture features [R2 = 0.86, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.09 kg /m‐2, and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.08 kg m‐2]; (ii) alfalfa AGB had a good ability to explain the underground thermal anomalies based on the deep soil temperature; (iii) Compared with the land surface temperature, alfalfa AGB was more suitable for monitoring the potential spontaneous combustion areas, especially in the initial stage, where spontaneous combustion has occurred but does not have a significant impact on the land surface. This study was intended to provide an improved method for detecting the spontaneous combustion monitoring of coal waste dumps, which may provide a reference for initial monitoring and prevention in mining areas.
Extreme value distributions describe interannual variability in the seasonal North Atlantic phytoplankton bloom
Authors: Britten Gregory L.
Published: April 2022

The North Atlantic phytoplankton bloom depends on a confluence of environmental factors that drive transient periods of exponential phytoplankton growth and interannual variability in bloom magnitude. I analyze interannual bloom variability in the North Atlantic via extreme value theory where the generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) is fitted spatially to annual maxima of satellite‐measured surface chlorophyll. I find excellent agreement between the observed distribution of interannual bloom maxima and those predicted from the GEVD. The spatial distribution of fitted GEVD parameters closely follows basin bathymetry where the largest extremes and heaviest distribution tails are found on the continental shelves and slopes. Trend analyses suggest weak evidence for changes in GEVD parameters, despite regional trends in mean chlorophyll levels and sea surface temperature. These results provide a framework to quantify interannual bloom variability and call for further work examining how extreme blooms propagate through food webs and contribute to carbon export.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Related Parkinsonism: The Clinical Evidence Thus Far
Authors: Boura Iro , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray
Published: April 2022

Background

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic has fueled both research and speculation, as to whether it could be a “perfect storm” for a post‐Covid emergence of parkinsonism in some susceptible individuals, analogous to the post‐encephalitic parkinsonism reported after the 1918 influenza epidemic. This theory is further augmented by reports of a pathogenic effect of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) on the central nervous system with specific impact on the dopaminergic pathway, as well as the possibility of the virus to selectively bind to Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2); these molecules are expressed abundantly in the midbrain dopamine neurons and, are likely involved in several cellular mechanisms cited in Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathophysiology.

Objectives—Methods

Therefore, we performed a review of the literature up to February 2022 to explore the current landscape considering published cases of new‐onset parkinsonism after a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in otherwise healthy individuals. We summarized their clinical features, diagnostic and treatment approaches, discussing potential underlying mechanisms in light of PD pathogenesis theories.

Results

Twenty cases that developed parkinsonian features simultaneously or shortly after a reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were reviewed. In 11 of them, parkinsonism appeared in the context of encephalopathy, while four patients developed post‐infectious parkinsonism without encephalopathy, and four bore similarities to idiopathic PD. Nine patients exhibited a good response to dopaminergic therapy, while four responded to immunomodulatory treatment.

Conclusions

Available data does not yet justify a clear association between the Covid‐19 pandemic and a parkinsonism wave. However, vigilance is necessary, as long‐term effects might have not been revealed.
Matrix dilation and Hausdorff operators on modulation spaces
Authors: Guo Weichao , Luo Jiangkun , Zhao Guoping
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we establish the asymptotic estimates for the norms of the matrix dilation operators on modulation spaces. As an application, we study the boundedness on modulation spaces of Hausdorff operators. The definition of Hausdorff operators is also revisited for fitting our study.
Another hybrid approach for solving monotone operator equations and application to signal processing
Authors: Kumam Poom , Abubakar Auwal Bala , Ibrahim Abdulkarim Hassan , Kura Hamza Umar , Panyanak Bancha , Pakkaranang Nuttapol
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a hybrid conjugate gradient (CG) approach for solving nonlinear equations and signal reconstruction. The CG parameter of the approach is a convex combination of the Dai‐Yuan (DY)‐like and Hestenes‐Stiefel (HS)‐like parameters. Independent of any line search, the search direction is descent and bounded. Under some reasonable assumptions, the global convergence of the hybrid approach is proved. Numerical experiments on some benchmark test problems show that the proposed approach is efficient compared with some existing algorithms. Finally, the proposed approach is applied in signal reconstruction.
Injectable and self‐healing biobased composite hydrogels as future anticancer therapeutic biomaterials
Authors: Khan Musammir , Koivisto Janne T. , Kellomäki Minna
Published: April 2022

Self‐healing composite hydrogels are prepared from sustainable biopolymers by a green chemistry approach and analyzed by physicochemical and mechanical characterization techniques for future injectable anticancer biomaterials. Water‐soluble chitosan (WSC) was prepared by grafting polyethylene glycol (PEG), glutamic acid and gallic acid onto the chitosan chain by carbodiimide chemistry. This WSC showed fast gelation (t ≈ < 60 seconds) with benzaldehyde‐terminated 4‐arm‐PEG as a crosslinker through an amine/aldehyde Schiff base reaction. The compression modulus of these gels can be controlled between 6 and 67 kPa, which was dependent on both the crosslinker content as well as the total solid content (T%). It showed injectability and complete self‐healing ability at the lower solid content (T = 2%). The hydrogel nanocomposites (HNCs) were synthesized together with gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and tested for cytotoxicity using fibroblast cells (WI‐38) for 48 hours, which showed good biocompatibility. The in‐vitro assay against cancer cells (U87MG) for 48 hours indicated that only the HNCs with incorporated AuNPs were effective agents for cancer cell apoptosis in contrast to pristine gel, pure NPs (Ag and AuNPs) and HCNs with AgNPs. Therefore, these HNCs could be effective chemotherapeutic materials for designing anticancer nanomedicines in the future.
A cross‐sectional survey of moral distress and ethical climate – Situations in paediatric oncology care that involve children’s voices
Authors: Ventovaara Päivi , af Sandeberg Margareta , Petersen Gitte , Blomgren Klas , Pergert Pernilla
Published: April 2022

Aim

To assess experiences of morally distressing situations and perceptions of ethical climate in paediatric oncology care, with a focus on situations that involve children's voices.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Registered Nurses at all four paediatric oncology centres in Denmark were asked to complete a web‐based questionnaire with Danish translations of the Swedish Moral Distress Scale‐Revised (MDS‐R) and the Swedish Hospital Ethical Climate Survey‐Shortened (HECS‐S). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and non‐parametric correlation tests.

Results

Nurses (n = 65) perceived morally distressing situations as rather uncommon, except for those that involved shortage of time, poor continuity of care and unsafe staffing levels. Most nurses (83%) found it disturbing to perform procedures on school‐aged children against their will, and 20% reported that they do this often. Perceptions of ethical climate were positive and healthcare professionals were perceived to be attentive to children's wishes.
No child left behind: Building a comprehensive sickle cell disease care oasis in the Lake County, Indiana care desert
Authors: Brown Leticia C. , Hampton Kisha C. , Bloom Ellen M. , Lawson DeAuntae , Cooper Sarah H. , Meier Emily Riehm
Published: April 2022

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) leads to end‐organ damage and shortened life expectancy. The second highest incidence of SCD in Indiana is in Lake County, but until 2017, there was no SCD expert within 65 miles. The Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC) developed the Sickle Care coordination OutReach and Education (SCORE) program in 2017 to bring high‐quality, guideline‐based care to children with SCD.

Procedure

The St. Vincent IRB deemed this retrospective analysis of SCORE clinic care from 2017 to 2020 exempt. Data on the number of transcranial Dopplers (TCD) performed, HU dosing escalation, and vaccine rates were collected along with the number of school and home visits completed.

Results

Fifty‐three children, adolescents, and young adults completed 288 SCORE clinic visits during the study period; over 75% completed at least three clinic visits. Mean HU dose increased significantly with SCORE clinic care. TCD screening rates increased every year starting in 2018 through 2020 when we added local care coordination. One hundred seventy‐three vaccines were administered in SCORE outreach clinics. The PPSV23 vaccines had a 100% acceptance rate, and seasonal influenza had a 75.8% acceptance rate.

Conclusion

Access to care coordination services and local hematology specialty care alleviates barriers to care and enables comprehensive SCD care delivery to children in need. Prior to the establishment of the SCORE clinic, 75% of children in Lake County were not receiving recommended stroke screening. The SCORE clinic model demonstrates feasibility and impact when delivering on the promise of high‐quality care for children with SCD.
Lidocaine for dinutuximab‐associated pain? A multicenter retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Featherly Julianna , Baxter Wojnowicz Sarabeth , Steidl Kelly , Burgess Jeni
Published: April 2022

Background

Dinutuximab, an immune‐mediated therapy indicated for high‐risk neuroblastoma, targets the protein disialoganglioside (GD2) on neuroblastoma cells, neurons, and peripheral nerve fibers. Off‐target effects lead to severe nerve pain. Pain regimens including continuous infusion opioids are required during treatment courses. Our institution utilizes a combination of intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine infusions and morphine for the treatment of dinutuximab‐associated neuropathic pain.

Objective

The primary outcome of this study was to compare morphine equivalents for cycle 1 of dinutuximab at an institution that uses i.v. lidocaine (primary) versus those that do not (comparison). Secondary outcomes included both dinutuximab infusion time and safety of i.v. lidocaine.

Methods

A retrospective, multicentered, electronic chart review was performed at three tertiary academic medical centers. Patients between 0 and 18 years of age during their first course of dinutuximab were included to evaluate the primary outcome of adjuvant morphine equivalents needed.

Results

Twenty‐one patients were identified for inclusion. Total morphine equivalents at the primary institution were 1.87 mg/kg versus 1.79 mg/kg at the comparison institutions (P = 0.413). Dinutuximab infusion time was statistically significantly less at the primary institution: 610.5 minutes versus 676.23 minutes (P = 0.046). Only one patient at the primary institution experienced nausea, vomiting, and paresthesias.

Conclusions

This study did not find a statistically significant difference in morphine equivalents between patients receiving i.v. lidocaine and those who did not. Lidocaine use resulted in a statistically significant lower dinutuximab infusion time. Our data suggest it is a safe adjuvant medication, for use outside of the pediatric intensive care unit, in the treatment of dinutuximab‐associated neuropathic pain.
Adoptive NK‐cell transfer as a potential treatment paradigm for Wilms tumor: A preclinical study
Authors: Behfar Maryam , Muhammadnejad Samad , Abdolahi Shahrokh , Mohseni Rashin , Shoae‐Hassani Alireza , Monzavi Seyed Mostafa , Hamidieh Amir Ali
Published: April 2022

Background

Natural killer (NK) cell therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of some cancers. However, the effects of this adoptive immunotherapy have not been investigated for Wilms tumor (WT). In this study, the effects of adoptive NK‐cell transfer on a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model of anaplastic WT were evaluated, and the impacts of cell source and ex vivo activation strategy on the therapeutic efficacy of NK‐cell product were appraised.

Methods

NK cells were isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NKPB) and human cord blood (NKCB), and were expanded and activated using a cytokine cocktail. Another group of NK cells (NKET) was produced through activation with the exosomes extracted from previously challenged NKPB cells with WT. PDX‐bearing mice were treated with clinically relevant doses of NKPB, NKCB, NKET, standard chemotherapy, and placebo (phosphate‐buffered saline).

Results

PDX models treated with NKCB showed a better survival rate, though the difference among the study groups was not significant. Compared with the placebo control group, NKCB significantly improved the histopathologic response, NKPB significantly inhibited the proliferation of neoplastic cells, and NKET led to a significant decrease in the metastasis score (all p‐values <.05). Standard chemotherapy provided the greatest tumor growth inhibition and the lowest mitotic count, though it did not show any significant advantage over NK‐cell therapies in any of the outcome parameters in two‐by‐two comparisons.

Conclusions

This study spotlights the efficacy of adoptive NK‐cell transfer as a potential treatment candidate for high‐risk WT.
Clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid soluble CD25 in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with central nervous system involvement
Authors: Ou Wenxin , Ma Honghao , Wei Ang , Zhao Yunze , Zhang Liping , Lian Hongyun , Zhang Qing , Chen Sitong , Wang Dong , Li Zhigang , Zhang Rui , Wang Tianyou
Published: April 2022

Objective

To analyze the clinical significance of soluble CD25 (sCD25) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with HLH admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 1, 2017 and October 31, 2021 who received a measurement of their HLH‐related parameters and CSF sCD25 levels at admission were enrolled in this study.

Results

CSF sCD25 levels in patients with primary HLH were higher than those in patients with Epstein–Barr virus infection‐associated HLH, and the median level was 444 pg/ml. The difference in CSF sCD25 levels between the non‐CNS group and the CNS group was statistically significant (591 [259–33,643] pg/ml vs. 123 (36–437) pg/ml, p < .001). The best cutoff value of CSF sCD25 was 273.5 pg/ml (AUC = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.972–1.000), with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of 96.4%, 92.8%, 81.8%, and 98.7%, respectively. CSF sCD25 in the severe CNS involvement group was significantly higher than that in the nonsevere CNS involvement group (p = .014). The 3‐year overall survival (OS) of patients with high CSF sCD25 levels was lower than that of patients with low CSF sCD25 levels(71.6% ± 8.1% vs. 93.3% ± 2.9%, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.637, p = .003).

Conclusion

Increased CSF sCD25 levels in active disease can predict CNS‐HLH. Primary HLH has a higher CSF sCD25 level than Epstein–Barr virus infection‐associated HLH. Patients who are diagnosed with CNS‐HLH with CSF sCD25 levels higher than 273.5 pg/ml are more likely to develop severe CNS involvement, suggesting a poor prognosis.
Addition of arm anthropometry to body mass index for age, but not serum albumin, improves the accuracy of the nutritional assessment in severely and moderately malnourished children with cancer
Authors: Prasad Maya , Ladas Elena J. , Barr Ronald
Published: April 2022

Arm anthropometry is a more sensitive measure of nutritional status than body mass index for age (BMI) in children with cancer, but the added utility of serum albumin remains uncertain. Concordance was determined among four forms of classifying nutritional status in a cohort of undernourished children with cancer: method 1: BMI‐for‐ageZscore; method 2: method 1 + mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) percentile; method 3: method 2 + triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT) percentile; and method 4: method 3 + serum albumin. Concordance was highest between methods 2 and 3, followed closely by 3 and 4, indicating that addition of arm anthropometry, but not serum albumin, to BMI increased the sensitivity of baseline nutritional assessment.
Pulmonary embolism in pediatric and adolescent patients with COVID‐19 infection during the SARS‐CoV‐2 delta wave
Authors: Cohen Clay T. , Riedl Ruth A. , Gowda Srinath T. , Sartain Sarah E. , Bashir Dalia A.
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in children has been associated with thrombosis, though few cases of COVID‐associated pulmonary embolism (PE) have been described. We performed a retrospective review of the nine cases of COVID‐19‐associated PE during the B.1617.2 variant surge at Texas Children's Hospital. The patient cohort largely contained unvaccinated obese adolescents. All patients were critically ill with two requiring catheter‐directed thrombolysis in addition to anticoagulation. Eight of the nine patients had COVID pneumonia along with PE. This report stresses the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for PE in pediatric COVID‐19 infection and vaccinating obese adolescent patients.
Evaluation of mechanical, optical, and antibacterial properties of metal‐oxide dispersed HDPE nanocomposites processed by rotational molding
Authors: Ghanbarpour Barmak , Moslemi Amin
Published: April 2022

To investigate the impact of zinc oxide/titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the characteristics of high‐density polyethylene, researchers used the rotational molding technique to produce polymeric nanocomposites. The nanocomposites' morphological, mechanical, optical, as well as biological characteristics, were studied using a range of characterizations. SEM analysis revealed a uniform morphology of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, with 80–120 nanometers middle particle dimensions. The existence of ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite form as well as TiO2 with rutile phase was verified by XRD and XRF. Corresponded to the pure polymer, the HDPE‐ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites' flexural modulus and tensile strength increased, but elongation at break reduced, according to mechanical characterization. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed that the HDPE‐ ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites showed UV light absorption at wavelengths ranging from 250 to 390 nm. According to antibacterial tests and contact angle measurements, adding metal oxide NPs to HDPE improved hydrophilicity and antibacterial activity.
Exploring the diagnostic utility of genome sequencing for fetal congenital heart defects
Authors: Cao Y. , Chau M. H. K. , Zheng Y. , Zhao Y. , Kwan A. H. W. , Hui S. Y. A. , Lam Y. H. , Tan T. Y. T. , Tse W. T. , Wong L. , Leung T. Y. , Dong Z. , Choy K. W.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The diagnostic yield for congenital heart defects (CHD) with routine genetic testing is around 10%–20% when considering pathogenic CNVs or aneuploidies as positive findings. This is a pilot study to investigate the utility of genome sequencing (GS) for prenatal diagnosis of CHD.

Methods

Genome sequencing (GS, 30X) was performed on 13 trios with CHD for which karyotyping and/or chromosomal microarray results were non‐diagnostic.

Results

Trio GS provided a diagnosis for 4/13 (30.8%) fetuses with complex CHDs and other structural anomalies. Findings included pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in DNAH5, COL4A1, PTPN11, and KRAS. Of the nine cases without a genetic etiology by GS, we had outcome follow‐up data on eight. For five of them (60%), the parents chose to keep the pregnancy. A balanced translocation [46,XX,t(14; 22)(q32.33; q13.31)mat] was detected in a trio with biallelic DNAH5 mutations, which together explained the recurrent fetal situs inversus and dextrocardia that was presumably due to de novo Phelan‐McDermid syndrome. A secondary finding of a BRCA2 variant and carrier status of HBB, USH2A, HBA1/HBA2 were detected in the cohort.

Conclusions

GS expands the diagnostic scope of mutation types over conventional testing, revealing the genetic etiology for fetal heart anomalies. Patients without a known genetic abnormality indicated by GS likely opted to keep pregnancy especially if the heart defect could be surgically repaired. We provide evidence to support the application of GS for fetuses with CHD.
‘S16‐7922C’: A semi‐determinate maturity group IV conventional soybean cultivar with high yield and broad disease resistance
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Shannon J. Grover , Lee Dongho , Vieira Caio Canella , Ali Md Liakat , Scaboo Andrew , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Nguyen Henry , Li Zenglu , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Bond Jason P. , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Usovsky Mariola , Li Shuxian , Gillen Anne M. , Mengistu Alemu , Zhang Bo , Mozzoni Leandro Angel , Robbins Robert T. , Moseley David
Published: April 2022

‘S16‐7922C’ (Reg. no. CV‐545, PI 699902) is a semi‐determinate maturity group IV (relative maturity: 4.9) conventional (nontransgenic) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center. S16‐7922C was derived from a cross of ‘S11‐16653C’ × ‘S11‐20124C’ designed to meet the growing demand for nontransgenic, high‐yielding soybean cultivars with resistance to yield‐limiting diseases. S16‐7922C contains seed protein and oil concentrations of 403 and 226 g kg−1, respectively, on a dry weight basis. S16‐7922C is resistant to southern root‐knot nematode, peanut root‐knot nematode, charcoal rot, frogeye leaf spot, and stem canker and moderately resistant to soybean cyst nematode and reniform nematode. It is tolerant to saline soil and moderately tolerant to waterlogging stress. S16‐7922C demonstrated excellent yield potential and adaptability in a total of 110 environments across 12 southern states in 2017–2020. As a high‐yielding soybean cultivar with a broad disease resistance package and high oil concentration, S16‐7922C may be suitable for soybean growers interested in a maturity group IV late nontransgenic soybean cultivar.
Parallel‐reaction monitoring revealed altered expression of a number of epitranscriptomic reader, writer, and eraser proteins accompanied with colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Qi Tianyu F. , Tang Feng , Yin Jiekai , Miao Weili , Wang Yinsheng
Published: April 2022

RNA contains more than 170 types of chemical modifications, and these modified nucleosides are recognized, installed and removed by their reader, writer, and eraser (RWE) proteins, respectively. Here, we employed a parallel‐reaction monitoring (PRM)‐based targeted proteomic method, in conjunction with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), to examine comprehensively the differential expression of epitranscriptomic RWE proteins in a matched pair of primary/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, namely SW480/SW620. We were able to quantify 113 nonredundant epitranscriptomic RWE proteins; among them, 48 and 5 were up‐ and down‐regulated by >1.5‐fold in SW620 over SW480 cells, respectively. Some of those proteins with marked up‐regulation in metastatic CRC cells, including NAT10, hnRNPC, and DKC1, were documented to assume important roles in the metastasis of CRC and other types of cancer. Interrogation of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium data revealed the involvement of DUS1L in the initiation and metastatic transformation of CRC. It can be envisaged that the PRM method can be utilized, in the future, to identify epitranscriptomic RWE proteins involved in the metastatic transformations of other types of cancer.
The aging athlete
Authors: Catapano Michael , Ahmed Marwa , Breslow Rebecca G. , Borg‐Stein Joanne
Published: April 2022

Aging athletes, those 60 years and older, are a growing population of mature, active individuals who value sports and exercise participation throughout their lifespan. Although recommendations for younger and masters athletes have been extrapolated to this population, there remains a paucity of specific guidelines, treatment algorithms, and considerations for aging athletes. The benefits of living an active lifestyle must be weighed against the risks for unique cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal injuries requiring diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this article, we review the unique cardiovascular and muscular physiology of aging athletes and how it influences the risk of specific medical conditions. We also discuss general prevention and treatment strategies. Finally, we identify areas of future research priorities and emerging treatments.
Increasing the Effective Area of Small‐Sized CIGS Modules by Printed Ag Front Contacts
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Freund Timo , Tepner Sebastian , Clement Florian
Published: April 2022

Despite the high‐efficiency potential of the Cu(In1−xGax)Se2(CIGS) technology, its global market share is still relatively small. One reason for that is the comparatively low active module area caused by small cell widths and therefore the resulting amount of scribing lines for monolithic interconnection. This results in significant losses from cell‐to‐module level. One approach to overcome this issue is the application of front contacts. Throughout this study, the electrical performance of small‐sized CIGS modules with cell widths ofwc = 4 mm,wc = 7 mm, andwc = 17 mm with and without front side metallization is evaluated. A low‐temperature curing Ag paste is applied onto those different CIGS module designs by flatbed screen printing and parallel dispensing. The application of Ag‐electrodes obtains a significant increase in module power of ΔPmmp,rel. = +18% for 4 mm cell widths compared to grid‐free CIGS modules. Furthermore, the homogeneous electrode shape of dispensed structures enables broad cells ofwc = 17 mm in small‐sized CIGS modules. As a result, the module performance increases by ΔPmmp,rel. = +25% compared to screen‐printed Ag‐electrodes, demonstrating the great potential of the dispensing approach for the CIGS technology and potentially other thin‐film technologies.
Unveiling the effect ofWithania somniferaon neuronal cytoarchitecture and synaptogenesis: A combinedin vitroand network pharmacology approach
Authors: Mitra Sarmistha , Munni Yeasmin Akter , Dash Raju , Sultana Armin , Moon Il Soo
Published: April 2022

Withania somnifera(WS), is known for its remarkable contribution in herbal medicine and Ayurveda, which is therapeutically applied to improve memory and anxiety in patients. However, the pharmacological details of this plant on memory boosting yet remained undefined. This study provides mechanistic insights on the effect of ethanol solution extract of the whole plant of WS (WSEE) on neuritogenesis by combiningin vitroandin siliconetwork pharmacology approaches. WSEE promoted significant neuronal growth through early differentiation, axodendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis on primary hippocampal neurons. The network pharmacological study confirmed that the neuritogenic activity is potentially mediated by modulating the neurotrophin signaling pathway, where NRTK1 (TrkA) was revealed as the primary target of WS secondary metabolites. This neurotrophic activity of WSEE was significantly stifled by the presence of TrkA inhibitor, which further confirms the TrkA‐dependent activity of WSEE. In addition, a molecular docking study suggested steroidal lactones present in the WS might act as nerve growth factor (NGF)‐mimetics, activating TrkA by binding to the NGF‐binding domain. As a whole, the findings of the study suggest a significant role of WSEE on neuritogenesis and its potential to function as a therapeutic agent and in drug designing for the prevention and treatment of memory‐related neurological disorders.
The effects of differences in trophectoderm biopsy techniques and the number of cells collected for biopsy on next‐generation sequencing results
Authors: Mizobe Yamato , Kuwatsuru Yukari , Kuroki Yuko , Fukumoto Yumiko , Tokudome Mari , Moewaki Harue , Watanabe Mia , Iwakawa Tokiko , Takeuchi Kazuhiro
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To examine how differences in trophectoderm biopsy techniques affect the frequency of mosaic embryos and sequencing results.

Methods

We examined differences in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis results among operators or according to biopsy technique. Additionally, we determined the cut‐off for the number of collected cells to predict the occurrence of mosaicism. We collected cells according to the cut‐off value and examined whether there was a difference in the NGS analysis results between the pulling and flicking methods.

Results

There was no difference in the NGS analysis results among the operators. Regarding re‐biopsy, changes in the mosaic were observed in all specimens. The cut‐off value for the number of collected cells was five, and when more than five cells were collected, there was no difference in the NGS analysis results between the two methods.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that if trophectoderm biopsy techniques and NGS are stable, the cell collection location has a greater effect on NGS results than the biopsy technique.
Input‐to‐state stability of discrete‐time switched delayed systems with delay‐dependent impulses: Admissible edge‐dependent average impulsive interval
Authors: Gao Lijun , Liu Huiying , Park Ju H. , Cao Zhengbao
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) problem for general discrete‐time impulsive and switched delayed systems coupled by delay‐dependent impulses. In our studied systems, the impulsive signal has a large degree of freedom, that is, the impulse effect can occur simultaneously with or different from the switching effect. A new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is proposed to deal with the delay effect of switching signal and impulsive jump, which is divided into the delay‐independent part and delay‐dependent part. A new concept named admissible edge‐dependent average impulsive interval (AED‐AII) is set up to characterize the impulse sequence relative to the admissible edge‐dependent average dwell time (AED‐ADT) concept of the switching signal. Based on AED‐ADT approach and AED‐AII technique, some improved sufficient outcomes guaranteeing ISS of discrete‐time impulsive and switched delayed systems are presented, respectively, for stabilizing and destabilizing delay‐dependent impulses. Meanwhile, the relationship among AED‐AII, AED‐ADT, the jump amplitude of switching signal and impulse signal at their respective discrete points, the decay rate of Lyapunov functional for system dynamics is connected to pursue ISS of the whole system. Compared with previous works, our setups enjoy the following characteristics: it thoroughly digs the influence of time delay existing in impulses and system dynamics on the function part of L‐K functional, which are less conservative relative to other works;  the proposed AED‐ADT switching signals and AED‐AII jump signals cover a large set of hybrid systems. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the obtained results.
Dissipativity theory for discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems
Authors: Haddad Wassim M. , Lanchares Manuel
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we develop stochastic dissipativity theory for discrete‐time nonlinear dynamical systems expressed by Itô‐type difference equations using basic state properties. Specifically, a stochastic version of dissipativity and losslessness using a state dissipation inequality in expectation for controlled Markov chains is presented. The results are then used to derive extended Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov conditions for characterizing stochastic dissipativity and losslessness in terms of the nonlinear system functions using continuous storage functions. Finally, feedback interconnection stability in probability results are developed generalizing the small gain and positivity theorems to discrete‐time stochastic systems.
Delay effects on the mean‐square stabilization of stochastic systems with input delay
Authors: Sun Xinxin , Li Lin , Liu Mengliang , Wang Hongxia , Hou Jialin
Published: April 2022

This paper studies delay effects on the mean‐square stabilization of stochastic systems with a single input delay. Both continuous‐ and discrete‐time systems are investigated. A continuous‐time system is described by a stochastic differential equation with high‐dimensional Brownian motion. Two conclusions are proved: (1) Once a system is unstabilizable for some value of delay, it will be unstabilizable for any larger delay; (2) If a system is stabilizable for some value of delay, it will be stabilizable in a small neighborhood of that delay. Hence, by excluding the trivial cases that the system is unstabilizable with zero delay and is stabilizable for any delay, there always exists a finite and positive number CM such that the system is stabilizable if and only if the delay is less than CM. Upper bounds of CM are presented. In a special case, an upper bound is given analytically in terms of eigenvalues of the matrix in the drift coefficient before the state. In general cases, upper bounds are given via LMI optimization problems. Two cases in which CM can be computed are studied. In the case that the system has no state‐dependent noise, CM is presented via an LMI optimization problem. In the case that both the state and the control of the system are scalars, CM is expressed analytically. All the above results have counterparts in discrete‐time system.
Population connectivity of aquatic insects in a dam‐regulated, desert river
Authors: Abernethy Erin F. , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Dziedzic Katherine E. , Elder Holland , Burke Molly K. , Lytle David A.
Published: April 2022

Humans have exaggerated natural habitat fragmentation, negatively impacting species dispersal and reducing population connectivity. Habitat fragmentation can be especially detrimental in freshwater populations, whose dispersal is already constrained by the river network structure. Aquatic insects, for instance, are generally limited to two primary modes of dispersal: downstream drift in the aquatic juvenile life stages and flight during the terrestrial winged adult stage. Yet the impacts of large hydropower dams can make rivers uninhabitable for incoming (drifting) juvenile insects, with remaining refugia found only in tributaries. The ability of adult aquatic insects to traverse such river stretches in search of suitable tributary habitat likely depends on factors such as species‐specific dispersal ability and distance between tributaries. To explore the intersection of natural and human‐induced habitat fragmentation on aquatic insect dispersal ability, we quantified population genetics of three taxa with varying dispersal abilities, a caddisfly (Hydropsychidae, Hydropsyche oslari), a mayfly (Baetidae: Fallceon quilleri), and a water strider (Veliidae: Rhagovelia distincta), throughout tributaries of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Using 2bRAD reduced genome sequencing and landscape genetics analyses, we revealed a strong pattern of isolation by distance among mayfly populations. This contrasts with caddisfly and water strider populations, which were largely panmictic. Analysis of thousands of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that realized dispersal ability may not be accurately predicted by species traits for these widespread species. Principal components analysis revealed a strong division between caddisfly populations upstream and downstream of Havasu Creek (279 km through the 390 km study reach), suggesting that the geography of the Grand Canyon imposes a dispersal barrier for this species. Our use of genetic tools in the Grand Canyon to understand population structure has enabled us to elucidate dispersal barriers for aquatic insects. Ultimately, these data may be useful in informing effective conservation management plans for understudied organisms of conservation interest.
Mixing times of Markov chains for self‐organizing lists and biased permutations
Authors: Bhakta Prateek , Miracle Sarah , Randall Dana , Streib Amanda Pascoe
Published: April 2022

We study the mixing time of a Markov chain on biased permutations, a problem related to self‐organizing lists. We are given probabilities for all such that . The chain iteratively chooses two adjacent elements and , and swaps them with probability . It has been conjectured that is rapidly mixing whenever the set of probabilities are “positively biased,” that is, for all . We define two general classes and give the first proofs that is rapidly mixing for both. We also demonstrate that the chain can have exponential mixing time, disproving the most general version of this conjecture.
Some Bayesian biclustering methods: Modeling and inference
Authors: Chakraborty Abhishek , Vardeman Stephen B.
Published: April 2022

Standard one‐way clustering methods form homogeneous groups in a set of objects. Biclustering (or, two‐way clustering) methods simultaneously cluster rows and columns of a rectangular data array in such a way that responses are homogeneous for all row‐cluster by column‐cluster cells. We propose a Bayes methodology for biclustering and corresponding MCMC algorithms. Our method not only identifies homogeneous biclusters, but also provides posterior probabilities that particular instances or features are clustered together. We further extend our proposal to address the biclustering problem under the commonly occurring situation of incomplete datasets. In addition to identifying homogeneous sets of rows and sets of columns, as in the complete data scenario, our approach also generates plausible predictions for missing/unobserved entries in the rectangular data array. Performances of our methodology are illustrated through simulation studies and applications to real datasets.
All Transition Metal Selenide Composed High‐Energy Solid‐State Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Shinde Pragati A. , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Patil Swati J. , Han Young‐Kyu , Elsaid Khaled , Olabi Abdul Ghani
Published: April 2022

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) have enthused snowballing research and industrial attention due to their exclusive conductivity and redox activity features, holding them as great candidates for emerging electrochemical devices. However, the real‐life utility of TMSs remains challenging owing to their convoluted synthesis process. Herein, a versatile in situ approach to design nanostructured TMSs for high‐energy solid‐state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) is demonstrated. Initially, the rose‐nanopetal‐like NiSe@Cu2Se (NiCuSe) positive electrode and FeSe nanoparticles negative electrode are directly anchored on Cu foam via in situ conversion reactions. The complementary potential windows of NiCuSe and FeSe electrodes in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity results in superior electrochemical features. The solid‐state HSCs cell manages to work in a high voltage range of 0–1.6 V, delivers a high specific energy density of 87.6 Wh kg−1 at a specific power density of 914.3 W kg−1 and excellent cycle lifetime (91.3% over 10 000 cycles). The innovative insights and electrode design for high conductivity holds great pledge in inspiring material synthesis strategies. This work offers a feasible route to develop high‐energy battery‐type electrodes for next‐generation hybrid energy storage systems.
Pendulum vibration absorber with a nonlinear viscous damping mechanism
Authors: Fallahpasand Sam , Dardel Morteza , Pashaei Mohammad Hadi
Published: April 2022

Simple pendulum vibration absorbers, as one of the most common models of absorbers, experience nonlinear behaviors in the large amplitude of oscillations, and under such conditions, they are not effective enough and are more prone to lose their stability. To overcome some of these drawbacks, a complementary damping mechanism including two nonlinear elements is introduced. Alongside the ordinary linear viscous damper, a damping mechanism is also utilized to control the oscillations of the dynamic structure exposed to the excitation forces more intense than the ones considered in the optimization. In other words, they make this system more robust and stable in the face of excitations stronger than the presupposed conditions. The complementary elements of this mechanism are proposed to offer an appropriate approximation of various likely models which can be used as practical nonlinear damping mechanisms. The steady‐state solutions of the nonlinear governing equations are achieved with pinpoint precision with the help of the harmonic balance method and more precise approximations of trigonometric functions. To enhance the impacts of this mechanism, optimization is performed for a compound objective function in addition to the conventional one. This study explains how such mechanisms are capable of contributing to the higher robustness and stability of pendulum vibration absorbers under a wider range of excitation intensities. The performance of this absorber is also studied for an N‐story shear structure as a multidegree of freedom (MDOF) system.
SOSTDC1 acts as a tumor inhibitor in acute myeloid leukemia by downregulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Chengliang , Wang Minjuan , Shi Yingpeng , Xin Hong
Published: April 2022

Sclerostin domain–containing 1 (SOSTDC1) has been documented as a key tumor‐associated protein that is differentially expressed in multiple malignancies. However, the function of SOSTDC1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unexplored. The goal of this work was to assess the possible role of SOSTDC1 in AML. Our data showed decreased SOSTDC1 level in bone marrow from AML patients, and patients with low levels of SOSTDC1 had a reduced survival rate. SOSTC1 upregulation restrained the proliferative ability and promoted the apoptotic rate of AML cells. SOSTDC1 suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in AML cells. Reactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway reversed SOSTDC1‐mediated antitumor effects. SOSTDC1 upregulation weakened the tumorigenicity of AML cells in vivo. Collectively, our work demonstrates that SOSTDC1 has a tumor‐inhibiting role in AML via downregulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. This work underscores a key function for the SOSTDC1/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in AML.