bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational Events and National Health Reform: The Latin American Medical Congresses and the Legitimisation of Public Health Reforms in Chile and Uruguay in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: González de Reufels Delia , Huhle Teresa
Published: May 2022

This historical analysis focusses on the first four Latin American Medical Congresses (1901–1909) as transnational marketplaces for ideas and concepts and assesses their importance for the configuration of public health policies in Latin America. As a highly influential epistemic community, the medical profession loomed large at a time when the Latin American states were still in the process of formation. The agency of doctors ensured that these events gave impulses to national reform agendas. In this context two mechanisms played an important role: competitive cooperation and legitimisation. Both were highly influential as will be shown for Chile and Uruguay using conference proceedings, medical journals, memoirs and other contributions to the contemporary debate, including selected regulatory papers and laws.
The Politics of Universal Health Coverage: Mechanisms in the Process of Healthcare Reform in Bolivia
Authors: Sirén Sebastian
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the mechanisms shaping the progress towards universal health coverage in Bolivia. By investigating this process, unfolding in the context of a health care system characterised by fragmentation, segmentation and low coverage; increasingly challenged as democratisation and popular mobilisation brings the demands of previously excluded groups onto the political agenda; the study casts light on mechanisms that are also of broader relevance for the comparative literature on the politics of social protection in the Global South. The analyses highlight expert theorisation, class-based mobilisation, social movement–state interaction, alarmed middle classes, provider resistance and professional autonomy as the main mechanisms responsible for driving, impeding and shaping the progress towards universal social protection.
Political Responses of Conditional Income Transfer Recipients: A Mechanism Approach
Authors: Barrientos Armando
Published: May 2022

This chapter studies whether participation in conditional income transfer programmes in Latin America generates observable political responses and whether these responses indicate improvements in the political inclusion of participants. It adopts a causal mechanism approach to study political responses to transfer receipt, seeking to cast light on the links existing between transfer receipt and political outputs and outcomes among recipients. A review of available literature helps identify three possible causal mechanisms: a support for redistribution mechanism; a bureaucratic mechanism encouraging political engagement; and a cognitive change mechanism. Analysis of empirical counterparts using attitudinal data from the AmericasBarometer for the period 2010–2019 confirms the relevance of these mechanisms for our understanding of political responses of conditional income transfers recipients.
Conclusion and Outlook: Towards a Systematisation of the Mechanism-Based Approach in Social Policy Research
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Nullmeier Frank
Published: May 2022

The concluding chapter takes stock of the complex causal mechanisms that were identified in the chapters of the edited volume and presents a structured compilation of complex causal mechanisms that might be a first step of a more encompassing research agenda on mechanism-based analysis in social policy. The compilation is based on a combination of actor-centred and theory-based clustering. It distinguishes general mechanisms, which can occur in all fields of social policy (or even beyond), and policy-specific mechanisms, which are linked to specific social policies. Finally, the chapter summarises key strengths of the mechanism-based approach in social policy research and outlines potential future research avenues.
Causal Mechanisms in the Development of Contribution-Based Pension Systems in South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Nullmeier Frank
Published: May 2022

The chapter analyses and compares the development of two types of contribution-based pension systems in four countries, thereby contrasting Bismarckian pension systems (South Korea, Vietnam) with pension systems that rely on national provident funds (Sri Lanka, Malaysia). Although all countries are facing considerable problems in expanding effective coverage and providing a decent pension after retirement, they have undertaken considerable political efforts to maintain or even expand those systems. We explain this outcome through a modular and mechanism-based approach, highlight six complex causal mechanisms—the outcompeting mechanism, the gaining acceptance spiral mechanism, the evasion mechanism, the double benefit mechanism, the crisis management by going further mechanism, and the alarmed middle classes mechanism—and show when and how these mechanisms unfolded in the four countries.
Small Helium Clusters Studied by Coulomb Explosion Imaging
Authors: Kunitski Maksim
Published: May 2022

Small helium clusters consisting of two and three helium atoms are unique quantum systems in several aspects. The helium dimer has a single weakly bound state and is of huge spatial extent, such that most of its probability distribution resides outside the potential well in the classically forbidden tunnelling region. The helium trimer possesses only two vibrational states, one of which is of Efimov nature. In this chapter, we discuss application of the Coulomb explosion imaging technique for studying geometries and binding energies of these peculiar two- and three-body quantum systems. Irradiation of a helium cluster by a strong laser field allows tuning interactions between helium atoms. Such ultrashort interaction modification induces response dynamics in a cluster that is observed by combination of the imaging technique with the pump-probe approach.
X-Ray and XUV Imaging of Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: Tanyag Rico Mayro P. , Langbehn Bruno , Möller Thomas , Rupp Daniela
Published: May 2022

X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) have the advantage of producing high resolution images with current spatial resolution of tens of nanometers and temporal resolution of tens of femtoseconds. Modern developments in the production of coherent, ultra-bright, and ultra-short X-ray and XUV pulses have even enabled lensless, single-shot imaging of individual, transient, non-periodic objects. The data collected in this technique are diffraction images, which are intensity distributions of the scattered photons from the object. Superfluid helium droplets are ideal systems to study with CDI, since each droplet is unique on its own. It is also not immediately apparent what shapes the droplets would take or what structures are formed by dopant particles inside the droplet. In this chapter, we review the current state of research on helium droplets using CDI, particularly, the study of droplet shape deformation, the in-situ configurations of dopant nanostructures, and their dynamics after being excited by an intense laser pulse. Since CDI is a rather new technique for helium nanodroplet research, we also give a short introduction on this method and on the different light sources available for X-ray and XUV experiments.
Developing Smart City Infrastructure Inside a Historical City: A Case from Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich
Published: May 2022

With the accelerated development of science and technology in the last 20 years, many cities in the world are undergoing major changes to become smarter, safer, and more sustainable. Some cities in Vietnam are also making efforts to catch up with this irreversible trend. In Vietnam, the government is working with corporations to plan and implement smart cities, focusing on nine fields: architecture, urban planning, interaction, healthcare, education, transportation, safety and security, journalism and communication management, and digital government. This paper draws on the case of the Intelligent Operations Center in Thua Thien Hue province––a remarkable example of effective smart city planning and application in Asia—and analyzes its smart city implementation inside a historical and cultural city. The center is designed and implemented to lay a sound foundation for smart city technologies. The Intelligent Operations Center helps the government supervise and control citizens’ social activities and predict social trends. Additionally, it encourages the participation of citizens in managing the city.
Legal Framework for Personal Data Protection in Vietnam
Authors: Chu Hoa
Published: May 2022

Building a smart city demands the digital transformation of government working processes and procedures, including the digitization and online execution of most administrative procedures. In practice, smart city governance uses information technology to increase the efficacy and efficiency of providing services to the public. The development of smart cities raises concerns among city residents about transparency in data collection and use of personal data. When governments implement smart city projects, sensors and closed-circuit television (CCTV) are placed in most streets, commercial centers, and public areas to observe the behavior of anyone within reach. The public is concerned about what the data collected from these CCTV systems will be used for and how to ensure that such data is not misused, disclosed, leaked, and exploited for the wrong purposes. The issue of protecting personal data and respecting privacy becomes more and more important when personal data is a special type of information. Therefore, Vietnam is urged to take bold actions to effectively strengthen data protection law. This chapter reviews the Vietnamese legal framework for data protection to highlight that the legal framework for data protection in Vietnam should be reformed for the development of smart cities.
Exact result in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory: generalised double-logarithmic equation
Authors: Velizhanin V. N.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We present the new results for the generalised double-logarithmic equation, obtained from the analytical continuation of the seven-loop anomalous dimension of twist-2 operators in the planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory. The double-logarithmic equation is related to the special asymptotic of the scattering amplitudes, when the large logarithms of the energy of scattering particles are appeared and should be summed in all order of perturbative theory. These large logarithms correspond to the poles of the analytically continued anomalous dimension. The generalised double-logarithmic equation includes the subleading logarithms. We have found, that the expansion of the generalised double-logarithmic equation can be ressumed in the form of rational functions with simple denominator. The solution of the generalised double-logarithmic equation provides a lot of information about the poles of the analytically continued anomalous dimension in all orders of perturbative theory. We have found also the generalised double-logarithmic equation for the analytically continued anomalous dimension near the value, which is related with BFKL-equation.
Penrose limit of MNa solution and spin chains in three-dimensional field theories
Authors: Nastase Horatiu , Barbosa Marcelo R.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In three dimensions, a theory with spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry was described holographically by the Maldacena-Nastase (MNa) solution. We revisit the issue of its Penrose limit, and compare the resulting pp wave and its string eigenstates to a sector of the theory on 5-branes reduced on S3, and a spin chain-like system. We obtain many of the features of the pp wave analysis, but a complete matching still eludes us. We suggest possible explanations for the resulting partial mismatch, and compare against other spin chains for 3-dimensional field theories with gravity duals.
Developing high-quality value-added cereals for organic systems in the US Upper Midwest: hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding
Authors: Sandro Pablo , Kucek Lisa Kissing , Sorrells Mark E. , Dawson Julie C. , Gutierrez Lucia
Published: May 2022

There is an increased demand for food-grade grains grown sustainably. Hard red winter wheat has comparative advantages for organic farm rotations due to fall soil cover, weed competition, and grain yields. However, limitations of currently available cultivars such as poor disease resistance, winter hardiness, and baking quality, challenges its adoption and use. Our goal was to develop a participatory hard red winter wheat breeding program for the US Upper Midwest involving farmers, millers, and bakers. Specifically, our goals include (1) an evaluation of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and genotypic stability for both agronomic and quality traits, and (2) the development of on-farm trials as well as baking and sensory evaluations of genotypes to include farmers, millers, and bakers’ perspectives in the breeding process. Selection in early generations for diseases and protein content was followed by multi-environment evaluations for agronomic, disease, and quality traits in three locations during five years, on-farm evaluations, baking trials, and sensory evaluations. GEI was substantial for most traits, but no repeatable environmental conditions were significant contributors to GEI making selection for stability a critical trait. Breeding lines had similar performance in on-station and on-farm trials compared to commercial checks, but some breeding lines were more stable than the checks for agronomic, quality traits, and baking performance. These results suggest that stable lines can be developed using a participatory breeding approach under organic management. Crop improvement explicitly targeting sustainable agriculture practices for selection with farm to table participatory perspectives are critical to achieve long-term sustainable crop production.

Key message

We describe a hard red winter wheat breeding program focused on developing genotypes adapted to organic systems in the US Upper Midwest for high-end artisan baking quality using participatory approaches.
Mutual match for semi-supervised online evolutive learning
Authors: Li Di , Zhu Xiaoguang , Song Liang
Published: May 2022

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can utilize a large amount of unlabeled data for self-training and continuous evolution with only a few annotations. This feature makes SSL a potential candidate for dealing with data from changing and real-time environments, where deep-learning models need to be adapting to evolving and nonstable (non-i.i.d.) data streams from the real world, i.e., online evolutive scenarios. However, state-of-the-art SSL methods often have complex model design mechanisms and may cause performance degradation in a generalized and open environment. In an edge computing setup, e.g., typical in modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications, a multi-agent SSL architecture can help resolve generalization problems by sharing knowledge between models. In this paper, we introduce Mutual Match (MM), an online-evolutive SSL algorithm that integrates mutual interactive learning and soft-supervision consistency regularization, as well as unsupervised sample mining. By leveraging extra knowledge in the training process and the interactive collaboration between models, MM surpasses multiple top SSL algorithms in accuracy and convergence efficiency under the same online-evolutive experiment setup. MM simplifies the complexity of model design and follows a unified and easy-to-expandable pipeline, which can be beneficial to tasks with insufficient labeled data and frequently changing data distribution.
Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Bio-applicable Studies on Aspergillus niger Mk981235 Chitinase
Authors: Abdel Wahab Walaa A. , El-Dein Asmaa Negm , Hussein Mona , Mostafa Faten A. , Saleh Shireen A. A.
Published: May 2022

Chitinases have many applications in food, agricultural, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. This study succeeded in investigating Aspergillus niger MK981235 chitinase in the spot of its physiochemical, kinetic, thermodynamic, and application. The optimum temperature, pH and p-nitrophenyl-β-d-N-acetyl glucosaminide (PNP-β-GlcNAc) concentration to obtain the highest chitinase activity of 2334.79 U ml−1 were at 60 °C, 5 and 0.25%, respectively. The kinetic parameters, including Km and Vmax were determined to be 0.78 mg ml−1 and 2222.22 µmol ml−1 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters T1/2, D-values, ΔH, ΔG and ΔS at 40, 50 and 60 °C were determined to be (864.10, 349.45, 222.34 min), (2870.99, 1161.07, 738.74 min), (126.40, 126.36, 126.32 kJ mol−1), (101.59, 100.62, 100.86 kJ mol−1), (74.50, 76.17, 47.24 J mol−1 K−1), respectively. A. niger chitinase showed, insecticidal activity on Galleria mellonella by feeding and spraying treatments (72 and 52%, respectively), anti-lytic activity against Candida albicans, and effectiveness in improving the dye removal in the presence of crab shell powder as bio-absorbant. A. niger chitinase can be used in the pharmaceutical field for the bio-control of diseases caused by C. albicans and for the pretreatment of wastewater from the textile industry.

Graphical Abstract
Cob: a leaderless protocol for parallel Byzantine agreement in incomplete networks
Authors: Flamini Andrea , Longo Riccardo , Meneghetti Alessio
Published: May 2022

In this paper we extend the Multidimensional Byzantine Agreement (MBA) Protocol, a leaderless Byzantine agreement for lists of arbitrary values, into a protocol suitable for wide gossiping networks: Cob. This generalization allows the consensus process to be run by an incomplete network of nodes provided with (non-synchronized) same-speed clocks. Not all nodes are active in every step, so the network size does not hamper the efficiency, as long as the gossiping broadcast delivers the messages to every node in reasonable time. These network assumptions model more closely real-life communication channels, so Cob may be applicable to a variety of practical problems, such as blockchain platforms implementing sharding. Cob has the same Bernoulli-like distribution that upper-bounds the number of steps as the MBA protocol. We prove its correctness and security assuming a supermajority of honest nodes in the network, and compare its performance with Algorand.
Incentivizing last-resort social assistance clients: Evidence from a Finnish policy experiment
Authors: Palviainen Heikki
Published: May 2022

In 2002, the Finnish government introduced an earnings disregard experiment aimed at improving the incentives of low-income individuals who receive last-resort social assistance. The aim of the experiment was to reduce unemployment by providing social assistance clients better incentives to receive at least temporary or part-time work. This paper evaluates the employment effects of the experiment as an event study using coarsened exact matching (CEM) and difference-in-differences. On average, the results show no employment effects, but there is some evidence of positive employment effects on women.
Review of Christian Tewes and Giovanni Stanghellini (eds.), Time and Body. Phenomenological and psychopathological approaches, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021
Authors: Wendt Alexander Nicolai
Published: May 2022

Christian Tewes and Giovanni Stanghellini deliver a collective volume, dedicated to the honours of Thomas Fuchs. The contributors mainly belong to the phenomenological movement and provide different perspectives on the subject matter of psychopathology. Several common references, such as Fuchs, Parnas, and Sass, as well as motives, such as the experience of time or narrative self-consciousness, give the collection a unitary outline. The volume is well-edited and offers an adequate representation of the state of the art in phenomenological psychopathology thanks to diverse and reputable contributors. However, it remains to be shown how phenomenology can succeed in having a constructive and lasting influence on or at least controversial dialogue with the mainstream discourse of either cognitive psychology or psychiatry.
Testosterone, cognitive decline and dementia in ageing men
Authors: Yeap Bu B. , Flicker Leon
Published: May 2022

As men grow older, circulating testosterone concentrations decline, while prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia increase. Epidemiological studies of middle-aged and older men have demonstrated associations of lower testosterone concentrations with higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. In observational studies, men with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of dementia. Small intervention studies of testosterone using different measures of cognitive function have provided inconsistent results, with some suggesting improvement. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of one year’s testosterone treatment conducted in 788 men aged ≥ 65 years, baseline testosterone < 9.54 nmol/L, showed an improvement in sexual function, but no improvement in cognitive function. There is a known association between diabetes and dementia risk. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of two year’s testosterone treatment in 1,007 men aged 50–74 years, waist circumference ≥ 95 cm, baseline testosterone ≤ 14 nmol/L, showed an effect of testosterone in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. There were no cognitive endpoints in that trial. Additional research is warranted but at this stage lower testosterone concentrations in ageing men should be regarded as a biomarker rather than a proven therapeutic target for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
A Multi-modelling Approach for Assessing Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Punzo Gennaro , Trunfio Mariapina , Castellano Rosalia , Buonocore Mirko
Published: May 2022

Academics, institutions and policymakers advocate systematic assessments to design sustainable development and implement proper environmental management; however, practical measurements in tourism research based on composite indicators are still in progress. This paper aims to build and validate a composite indicator of sustainable tourism (SusTour-Index), which recognises the economic, environmental and social dimensions as the three main interrelated facets of tourism sustainability. The SusTour-Index is composed of 75 elementary indicators, adequately structured in pillars and sub-pillars within each economic (34), environmental (21) and social dimension (20). A multi-modelling approach tests the hierarchical structure of the SusTour-Index by combining different weighting and aggregation methods within each sustainability dimension to choose the most appropriate model once the uncertainty analysis has been performed. The structure of the SusTour-Index is validated in all 21 Italian regions by performing 23 different models of the same composite indicator. The paper presents theoretical and methodological contributions for future research and advances in practical assessments, supporting policymakers and institutions in planning and managing sustainable tourism development.
Identification of geological characteristics from construction parameters during shield tunnelling
Authors: Yan Tao , Shen Shui-Long , Zhou Annan
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a framework to identify geological characteristics (GC) based on borehole data and operational data during shield tunnelling using a fuzzy C-means algorithm. The proposed fuzzy C-means model was established by integrating the K-means ++ algorithm into the fuzzy set theory. The identified factors for GC include advance rate, cutterhead rotation speed, thrust, cutterhead torque, penetration rate, torque penetration index, field penetration index, and specific energy. Principal component analysis was employed to reduce the dimensions of these factors. The first six principal components were employed to analyse the GC and establish the input data set in the fuzzy C-means model. The types of GC were determined based on elbow method, silhouette coefficient, fuzzy partition coefficient and the geological profile from borehole data. The proposed approach was validated by a case of Guangzhou intercity tunnel construction. The results present that the proposed fuzzy C-means model can effectively determine GC and provide membership to reveal the proportion of hard rock.
Surgical reporting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on phase annotation by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and the phenomenon of phase flickering: a proof of concept
Authors: Berlet M. , Vogel T. , Ostler D. , Czempiel T. , Kähler M. , Brunner S. , Feussner H. , Wilhelm D. , Kranzfelder M.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Surgical documentation is an important yet time-consuming necessity in clinical routine. Beside its core function to transmit information about a surgery to other medical professionals, the surgical report has gained even more significance in terms of information extraction for scientific, administrative and judicial application. A possible basis for computer aided reporting is phase detection by convolutional neural networks (CNN). In this article we propose a workflow to generate operative notes based on the output of the TeCNO CNN.

Methods

Video recordings of 15 cholecystectomies were used for inference. The annotation of TeCNO was compared to that of an expert surgeon (HE) and the algorithm based annotation of a scientist (HA). The CNN output then was used to identify aberrance from standard course as basis for the final report. Moreover, we assessed the phenomenon of ‘phase flickering’ as clusters of incorrectly labeled frames and evaluated its usability.

Results

The accordance of the HE and CNN was 79.7% and that of HA and CNN 87.0%. ‘Phase flickering’ indicated an aberrant course with AUCs of 0.91 and 0.89 in ROC analysis regarding number and extend of concerned frames. Finally, we created operative notes based on a standard text, deviation alerts, and manual completion by the surgeon.

Conclusion

Computer-aided documentation is a noteworthy use case for phase recognition in standardized surgery. The analysis of phase flickering in a CNN’s annotation has the potential of retrieving more information about the course of a particular procedure to complement an automated report.
Parenting styles of Finnish parents and their associations with parental burnout
Authors: Mikkonen Kristiina , Veikkola Henna-Riikka , Sorkkila Matilda , Aunola Kaisa
Published: May 2022

In the present study, we examined what kind of parenting style groups (defined by parental warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control) can be identified among contemporary Finnish mothers and fathers and how these parenting style groups are associated with parents’ symptoms of parental burnout. Gender differences in parenting style groups, and in their associations with parental burnout, were also investigated. The survey data were gathered from 1,471 Finnish parents (91.2% mothers). The results of k-means cluster analysis identified six different parenting style groups: authoritarian (13.5%), permissive (15.2%), psychologically controlling (19.4%), uninvolved (14.4%), controlling (12.4%), and authoritative (25.1%), with the authoritative parenting style being the most common. The identified parenting style groups were equally common for mothers and fathers. The results showed further that, independently of gender, parents applying the authoritarian parenting style experienced symptoms of parental burnout the most, whereas those with the authoritative or permissive style reported these symptoms the least. Based on the results, it is suggested that child health care and family centers should pay particular attention to potential risk groups such as parents reporting symptoms of parental burnout and parents characterized by an authoritarian parenting style.
The effects of advertisement disclosure on heavy and light Instagram users
Authors: Saternus Zofia , Weber Patrick , Hinz Oliver
Published: May 2022

The present study investigates the moderating effect of usage intensity of the social networking site (SNS) Instagram (IG) on the influence of advertisement disclosure types on advertising performance. A national sample (N = 566) participated in a randomized online experiment including a real influencer and followers in order to investigate how different advertisement disclosure types affect advertising performance and how usage intensity moderates this effect. We find that disclosing an influencer’s postings with “#ad” increases the trustworthiness of the influencer and the general credibility of the posting for heavy users, but not for light users. Followership of a user has been found to strongly improve all researched variables (attitude toward product placement, trustworthiness of the spokesperson and general credibility of the posting). This study adds to literature the first distinction on heavy and light usage intensity, and on followership of an IG user when regarding the effects of advertisement disclosure types on advertising performance. To conclude, we present a number of recommendations regarding how advertisers, influencers, and SNS providers should develop strategies for monitoring, understanding, and responding to different social media users, e.g., to closely monitor an influencer’s audience to identify heavy users and optimally target them.
Pembrolizumab as a first line therapy in a patient with extensive mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinoma. A complete clinical, radiological and pathological response. A very specific case
Authors: Farhat Raed , Asna Noam , Avraham Yaniv , Khater Ashraf , Asakla Majd , Safia Alaa , Szvalb Sergio , Elkhatib Nidal , Merchavy Shlomo
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients with advanced salivary gland malignancies (SGCs) have few therapy options. Although results from newly published trials suggest that checkpoint inhibition may be useful in a subgroup of patients, there are no clear criteria for PD-L1 score in SGCs. Chemotherapy benefits were observed to be limited, with a dismal prognosis in unresectable and high-grade SGC. Immunotherapies have demonstrated extraordinary efficacy in a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. Anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab has been shown to have potent anti-tumor action in a number of clinical trials.

Case presentation

We report a unique case of advanced high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland after Pembrolizumab treatment as a first line therapy. The tumor was downstaged as a result of the pembrolizumab treatment, allowing for a successful surgical excision with no facial nerve sacrifice and no major neoadjuvant treatment adverse effects, and the final specimen pathology was tumor-free. In these types of malignancies, a similar technique resulted in a complete response (CR) radiologically and pathologically has never been discussed before.

Conclusions

In pretreated patients with high-grade salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pembrolizumab showed good anticancer activity and provided a clinically, radiologically, and pathological response with a viable treatment choice. More research is needed to bring Pembrolizumab to the front-line of treatment. The time and duration of medication should be compared to the time required for surgery in these investigations.
A new mechanism for friction-induced vibration and noise
Authors: Chen Fang , Ouyang Huajiang , Wang Xiaocui
Published: May 2022

For years, friction-induced vibration and noise (FIVN) has puzzled many researchers in academia and industry. Several mechanisms have been proposed for explaining its occurrence and quantifying its frequencies, notably for automotive brake squeal, clutch squeal, and even rail corrugation. However, due to the complex and complicated nature of FIVN, there is not yet one fundamental mechanism that can explain all phenomena of FIVN. Based on experimental results obtained on a simple test structure and corresponding numerical validation using both complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) and transient dynamic analysis (TDA), this study attempts to propose a new fundamental mechanism for FIVN, which is the repeated cycles of partial detachment and then reattachment of the contact surfaces. Since friction is ubiquitous and FIVN is very common, the insight into FIVN reported in this paper is highly significant and will help establish effective means to control FIVN in engineering and daily life.
Correction to: Asymptotic distribution of odd balanced unimodal sequences with rank congruent to a modulo c
Authors: Garnowski Taylor
Published: May 2022

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s40993-021-00298-2
“Well He’s Sick Anyway Like”: Anyway in Irish English
Authors: Aijmer Karin
Published: May 2022

The paper describesanywayin the Irish component of the International Corpus of International English (ICE-IRL) and similarities and differences in its use compared with other varieties of English represented in the ICE-Corpus. The findings showed thatanywaywas most frequent in ICE-IRL closely followed by the Canadian component of the ICE-Corpus. It was least frequent in the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English. The present analysis has demonstrated thatanywayin Irish English has a distinctive pragmatic profile which is based on its position in the peripheries and what it is doing there.Anywayin the left periphery was placed after an intrusive topic, a digression, a correction, interruption by the hearer and permits the speaker to resume the topic in an explicit way. In Irish Englishanywayin the right periphery was above all an attenuating politeness marker.Anywaywas found with a hedging meaning in contexts where it restricted the validity of a proposition by making a correction or adjustment of some kind. The high frequency ofanywayin the right periphery as a hedging pragmatic marker can be analysed in terms of its capacity to index a special kind of Irishness characterized by the absence of self-promotion and avoidance of social distance
Dependence of Eigenvalues of Discontinuous Fourth-order Differential Operators with Eigenparameter Dependent Boundary Conditions
Authors: Qin Jianfang , Li Kun , Zheng Zhaowen , Cai Jinming
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we investigate a fourth-order differential operator with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions and transmission conditions. To study the eigenvalues of the problem, we establish a new operator associated with the considered problem. Furthermore, we prove that the eigenvalues are differentiable depending on the parameters of the problem. Finally, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues with respect to all parameters are given.
Professional Help-Seeking in Men Experiencing Sexual Problems – The Role of Sexual Identity and Minority Stress
Authors: Grabski Bartosz , Kasparek Krzysztof , Koziara Karolina , Mijas Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Background

Only a minority of men experiencing sexual problems will seek professional help and the proportion of gay or bisexual men can be even lower.

Aim

To investigate if sexual identity and minority stress are related to professional help-seeking in Polish gay and bisexual men.

Methods

Sexual identity was measured with the standard question: “Do you consider yourself to be heterosexual, gay, or bisexual?” Men who provided a complete set of answers to the study tools and replied “yes” to the question: “Have you ever had a problem with sexual functioning that lasted at least several months?” were included (Ntotal =644, Nstraight = 203, Ngay = 324, Nbi = 117). A simple question on help-seeking was: “Did you seek professional assistance then?” Other data were gathered with the use of a self-constructed questionnaire. Minority stress processes, that is, internalized homophobia, expectations of rejection, and identity concealment, were measured with the subscales of the Sexual Minority Stress Scale.

Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to test the statistical significance of sexual identity and minority stress processes as predictors of professional help-seeking.

Outcomes

Contacting a specialist when experiencing a sexual problem.

Results

A total of 84.5% of all men did not seek professional help. Gay identity (OR = 0.58, P = .045), as opposed to bisexual identity, was significantly related to reduced odds of consulting a specialist. Age (OR = 1.03, P = .005), number of doctor’s visits per year (OR = 1.51, P < .001), and a psychiatric diagnosis (OR = 1.65, P = .043) were positively related to help-seeking behaviors. Identity concealment significantly decreased the likelihood of consulting a specialist (OR = 0.94, P = .017).

Clinical Translation

Specialists need to be aware that gay identity and identity concealment may prevent a proportion of men from seeking their help and thus should be publicly explicit about their inclusive and nonpathologizing approach to sexual diversity.

Strengths and Limitations

The major strengths of the study include the use of a relatively large sample size and data from the little recognized Polish context characterized by a predominantly hostile anti-LGBT social climate, and exploration of a neglected topic of substantial significance at the public and individual levels. The major limitations are the use of nonprobability sampling, cross-sectional self-report design, and a single question to capture the presence of sexual problems with no measurement of associated distress.

Conclusion

Gay men are at risk of avoiding help-seeking when experiencing sexual problems because of identity concealment.
Sexuality and Gender Diversity Rights in Southeast Asia
Authors: Langlois Anthony J
Published: May 2022

Sexuality and gender diversity rights in Southeast Asia are deeply controversial and vigorously contested. Debate and protest have been accompanied by both legislative reform and discriminatory violence. These contradictory dynamics are occurring at a time when the international human rights regime has explicitly incorporated a focus on the prevention of violence and discrimination in relation to sexuality and gender diversity. This Element focusses on the need for such rights. This Element explores the burgeoning of civil society organisations engaged in an emancipatory politics inclusive of sexuality and gender diversity, utilising rights politics as a platform for visibility, contestation and mobilisation. This Element focusses on the articulation of political struggle through a shared set of rights claims, which in turn relates to shared experiences of violence and discrimination, and a visceral demand and hope for change.
Inter-academic cooperation in the Arctic during the 1898–1901 Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition: Based on materials from the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives
Authors: Shabalina Olga V. , Kazakova Ksenia S.
Published: May 2022

The article analyses the experience of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic in organising and conducting an academic Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition to the Spitsbergen archipelago in 1898–1901. This was one of the largest projects of its kind in history. The military and naval government agencies of the two countries were extremely interested in measuring the meridian arc near the Geographic North Pole. The fulfilment of this task made it possible to more accurately determine the shape of the Earth as a geoid. This was the significant and fundamental result of testing the hypothesis of the Newton–Huygens spheroid and was of applied importance. Funding for the expeditionary activities was carried out on a parity basis from the budgets of the two nations. The study of archival documents from the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives enabled an understanding of the unprecedented financial and physical costs of preparing and carrying out expeditionary work. Analysing inter-academic research of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries is valuable for understanding the potential interactions between the government and academic structures of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the modern era.
Quantifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Global Carbon Cycle Predictions: Lessons and Perspectives From 15 Years of Data Assimilation Studies With the ORCHIDEE Terrestrial Biosphere Model
Authors: MacBean N. , Bacour C. , Raoult N. , Bastrikov V. , Koffi E. N. , Kuppel S. , Maignan F. , Ottlé C. , Peaucelle M. , Santaren D. , Peylin P.
Published: May 2022

Predicting terrestrial carbon, C, budgets and carbon‐climate feedbacks strongly relies on our ability to accurately model interactions between vegetation, C and water cycles, and the atmosphere. However, C fluxes simulated by global, process‐based terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) remain subject to large uncertainties, partly due to unknown or poorly calibrated parameters. This is because TBMs have not routinely been confronted against C cycle related datasets within a statistical data assimilation (DA) system. In this review, we present 15 years' development of a C cycle DA system for optimizing C cycle parameters of the ORCHIDEE TBM. We analyze the impact of assimilating multiple different C cycle related datasets on regional to global‐scale gross and net CO2 fluxes. We find that assimilating atmospheric CO2 data is crucial for improving (increasing) ORCHIDEE predictions of the terrestrial land C sink. The improvement is predominantly due to the global‐scale constraint these data provide for optimizing initial soil C stocks, which are likely in error due to inaccurate assumptions about steady state spin‐up and incomplete knowledge of land use change histories. When comparing the data‐constrained ORCHIDEE land C sink estimates to the CAMS atmospheric inversion, we show that while the two approaches agree on the global C sink magnitude, they continue to differ in how the global C sink is partitioned between the northern hemisphere and tropics. We also discuss technical challenges faced in our C cycle DA studies, in particular the difficulty in characterizing the error covariance matrix due to unknown observation biases and/or model‐data inconsistencies. We offer our perspectives on how to tackle these challenges that we hope can serve as a roadmap for other TBM groups wishing to develop C cycle DA systems.
Optimal Precursor Triggering Kuroshio Large Meander Decay Obtained in a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the optimal precursor (OPR) triggering Kuroshio large meander (LM) decay using a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach and a regional ocean modeling system (ROMS). The results show that the large amplitudes of the OPR are mainly concentrated at 1,000–2,500 m in the LM upstream region (west of 137°E), and their propagation downstream along the Kuroshio axis contributes to triggering the transition from the LM path to the nonlarge meander (NLM) path. Using the growth of the OPR, it is found that baroclinic instability contributes to the fast vertical development of the perturbations in the early stage of the LM decay, while barotropic processes play a leading role during the cyclonic ring shedding of the LM decay. In particular, the LM decay process is evaluated by the depth‐integrated vorticity equation, implying that the advection term dominates over the beta effect in the LM decay. Furthermore, the vorticity balance associated with the cyclonic eddy indicates that the advection and divergence terms represent a main balance in the spin‐down process of the cyclonic eddy. Under the effects of both, high potential vorticity water flows out from the LM meander tip and then the amplitude of the LM experiences a remarkable decrease. With the detachment of a cyclonic ring, a transition from the LM path to the NLM path occurs. This study further deepens our understanding of the LM decay and provides us some useful hints about designing the observation system of the LM.
Influence of Large‐Scale Atmospheric Dynamics on Precipitation Seasonality of the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia in Cold and Warm Climates During the Late Cenozoic
Authors: Botsyun Svetlana , Mutz Sebastian G. , Ehlers Todd A. , Koptev Alexander , Wang Xun , Schmidt Benjamin , Appel Erwin , Scherer Dieter E.
Published: May 2022

The hydroclimate of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Central Asia (CA) plays a crucial role in sustaining surface water reservoirs and thus water resources in the respective regions. In this study, we investigate the changes in Asian hydroclimate and its driving forces during specific time intervals in the last 3 Ma. We conduct high‐resolution (∼0.75° per grid cell) general circulation model ECHAM‐5 experiments with boundary conditions for the mid‐Pliocene (∼3 Ma), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 ka), the mid‐Holocene (∼6 ka), and the pre‐industrial. Results suggest that seasonally relatively high precipitation rates (>1 mm day−1) were longer in the mid‐Pliocene and shorter in the LGM, relative to the pre‐industrial. We calculate different monsoon indices to detect changes in the intensity, strength and duration of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), South Asian summer monsoon (SASM), and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), and construct climatologies of mid‐latitude high‐level westerly jet (WJ) stream occurrences based on the ECHAM5 wind fields. Our results suggest that in warm periods (e.g., mid‐Pliocene or interglacial), the WJ migrates northward earlier in the year (April) and reaches higher latitudes than in the pre‐industrial, resulting in a wetter TP and CA. During cooler periods (e.g., LGM or glacial), the WJ migrates northward later in the year (June) and remains over lower latitudes, resulting in a drier TP and CA. Increased/decreased local precipitation in TP and CA for the mid‐Pliocene/LGM experiments correlates strongly with (a) intensity, strength and duration of the EASM, SASM, and the ISM and (b) WJ latitudinal position.
Climate Change Leads to Decline in Lichen Biocrusts
Authors: Smith Derek
Published: May 2022

As summer temperatures continue to rise, important biocrust-forming organisms in the American Southwest may be lost.
A second life for fruit and vegetable waste: a review on bioplastic films and coatings for potential food protection applications
Authors: Merino Danila , Quilez-Molina Ana Isabel , Perotto Giovanni , Bassani Andrea , Spigno Giorgia , Athanassiou Athanassia
Published: May 2022

Circular economy approach for various agrowaste-based bioplastic and biocomposite systems with potential applications in the protection of food products and extension of their shelf life.
Simultaneous control of polymorphism and morphology via gelatin induction for concomitant systems: case study of sulfathiazole
Authors: Lan Jinqi , Bai Yunhe , Ye Yang , XuanYuan Shutian , Xie Chuang
Published: May 2022

Gelatin is a promising additive for controlling concomitant polymorphism and inducing organic spherulites, and gelatin concentration is the dominant factor in the dual regulatory process.
New insights into progressive ligand replacement from [Ru2Cl(O2CCH3)4]: synthetic strategies and variation in redox potentials and paramagnetic shifts
Authors: Inchausti Almudena , Terán Aarón , Manchado-Parra Alberto , de Marcos-Galán Alessandra , Perles Josefina , Cortijo Miguel , González-Prieto Rodrigo , Herrero Santiago , Jiménez-Aparicio Reyes
Published: May 2022

Synthesis of [Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)x(O2CCH3)4−x] compounds and the study of how electronic density variation of the Ru25+ core affects their physicochemical properties.