bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusive Urban Regeneration with Citizens and Stakeholders: From Living Labs to the URBiNAT CoP
Authors: Moniz Gonçalo Canto , Andersson Ingrid , Hilding-Hamann Knud Erik , Mateus Américo , Nunes Nathalie
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, many city authorities have been implementing strategies for the development of urban regeneration in their central areas. Most of these processes aim to improve the use of public space, and are often to be found in historic areas and waterfronts. The aim of this text is to put forward an alternative urban regeneration plan which focuses on the peripheral areas of cities, areas which were often built as neighbourhoods of social housing, and which now face environmental challenges as well as social and economic ones. To this end, the URBiNAT H2020 project is promoting inclusive urban regeneration that engages citizens and stakeholders in all the stages of the co-creation process. The overall objective is to implement a cluster of human-centred, nature-based solutions (NBS) in order to create Healthy Corridors that bring together both material and immaterial solutions that will impact the environment and the wellbeing of the community. The activation of Living Labs in the seven URBiNAT cities is building a Community of Practice so that knowledge can be shared with project partners, within the cities themselves, and with the public in the wider world. The intermediate results achieved in the pilot case studies validate the overall methodology and are helping us to identify lessons to be learnt and recommendations for the future.
A cautionary case of casual causality
Authors: Chen Calvin Y.-R. , de Rham Claudia , Margalit Aoibheann , Tolley Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We distinguish between the notions of asymptotic causality and infrared causality for gravitational effective field theories, and show that the latter gives constraints consistent with gravitational positivity bounds. We re-explore the scattering of gravitational waves in a spherically symmetric background in the EFT of gravity in D ≥ 5, for which the leading-order correction to Einstein gravity is determined by the Gauss-Bonnet operator. We reproduce the known result that the truncated effective theory exhibits apparent time advances relative to the background geometry for specific polarisations, which naively signal a violation of causality. We show that by properly identifying the regime of validity of the effective theory, the apparent time advance can be shown to be unresolvable. To illustrate this, we identify specific higher-dimension operators in the EFT expansion which become large for potentially resolvable time advances, rendering the EFT expansion invalid. Our results demonstrate how staying within the confines of the EFT, neither infrared nor asymptotic causality are ever violated for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, no matter how low the scale, and furthermore its causality can be understood without appealing to a precise UV completion such as string theory.
Morphologische und funktionelle Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit mittels Computertomographie
Authors: Baumann S. , Overhoff D. , Tesche C. , Korosoglou G. , Kelle S. , Nassar M. , Buss S. J. , Andre F. , Renker M. , Schoepf U. J. , Akin I. , Waldeck S. , Schoenberg S. O. , Lossnitzer D.
Published: March 2022

Die CT(Computertomographie)-Koronarangiographie (cCTA) ist bei Patienten mit niedriger und mittlerer Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für eine koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) eine sichere Möglichkeit zum nicht-invasiven Ausschluss signifikanter Koronarstenosen und ermöglicht darüber hinaus auch deren funktionelle und morphologische Beurteilung. Der Stellenwert der cCTA wurde durch die 2019 publizierte ESC(European Society of Cardiology)-Leitlinie zu Diagnose und Management des chronischen Koronarsyndroms gestärkt und hat dadurch eine erhebliche Aufwertung erfahren. Die Bestimmung des Agatston-Scores ist eine klinisch etablierte Methodik zur Quantifizierung des Koronarkalks und hat Einfluss auf die Einleitung einer medikamentösen Therapie. Durch Technologien wie die Einführung der EKG-kontrollierten Dosismodulation und der iterativen Bildrekonstruktion kann die cCTA mit hoher Bildqualität und niedriger Strahlendosis durchgeführt werden. Die alleinige anatomische Darstellung von Koronarstenosen wird derzeit um innovative Techniken wie die myokardiale CT-Perfusion oder CT-FFR (fraktionelle Flussreserve) erweitert, jedoch ist der klinische Stellenwert dieser Methoden noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die cCTA könnte sich zu einem Weichensteller hinsichtlich der Indikationsstellung für eine invasive Koronardiagnostik/-intervention entwickeln.
Predictors of Early Neurological Improvement in Patients with Anterior Large Vessel Occlusion and Successful Reperfusion Following Endovascular Thrombectomy—Does CT Perfusion Imaging Matter?
Authors: Li Yan , van Landeghem Natalie , Demircioglu Aydin , Köhrmann Martin , Kellner Elias , Milles Lennart , Stolte Benjamin , Totzeck Andreas , Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Styczen Hanna , Forsting Michael , Wanke Isabel , Frank Benedikt , Deuschl Cornelius
Published: March 2022

Purpose

We aimed to investigate treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on the change of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO). Predictors of early neurological improvement (ENI) were assessed in those with successful reperfusion.

Methods

Data on stroke patients from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Anterior LVO was defined as occlusion of internal carotid artery and/or M1/M2 branch of middle cerebral artery. A reduction of at least 8 NIHSS points at 24 h after EVT or NIHSS score ≤ 1 at discharge was defined as ENI. In patients with successful reperfusion (TICI score of 2b/3) and available CT perfusion (CTP) imaging, 20 variables were tested in a smoothed ridge regression for their association with ENI.

Results

One hundred seventy two out of 211 patients had successful perfusion with 54 patients achieving ENI. Impact of successful EVT on reducing NIHSS score grew continuously on a daily basis up to the date of discharge. 105 out of 172 patients were included in final regression model. Short time from onset to admission and from groin-puncture to reperfusion, young age, low prestroke disability, high baseline CTP ASPECTS and high follow-up non-contrast CT (NCCT) ASPECTS were significantly associated with ENI. Neither baseline NCCT ASPECTS nor the volume of penumbra or ischemic core measured on CTP were associated with ENI.

Conclusion

CTP ASPECTS might better predict ENI than non-contrast CT at baseline in patients with successful reperfusion following EVT.
Disjunctive logic programs, answer sets, and the cut rule
Authors: Martin Éric
Published: March 2022

In Minker and Rajasekar (J Log Program 9(1):45–74, 1990), Minker proposed a semantics for negation-free disjunctive logic programs that offers a natural generalisation of the fixed point semantics for definite logic programs. We show that this semantics can be further generalised for disjunctive logic programs with classical negation, in a constructive modal-theoretic framework where rules are built from claims and hypotheses, namely, formulas of the form $$\Box \varphi $$

□
φ

and $$\Diamond \Box \varphi $$

◊
□
φ

where $$\varphi $$
φ
is a literal, respectively, yielding a “base semantics” for general disjunctive logic programs. Model-theoretically, this base semantics is expressed in terms of a classical notion of logical consequence. It has a complete proof procedure based on a general form of the cut rule. Usually, alternative semantics of logic programs amount to a particular interpretation of nonclassical negation as “failure to derive.” The counterpart in our framework is to complement the original program with a set of hypotheses required to satisfy specific conditions, and apply the base semantics to the resulting set. We demonstrate the approach for the answer set semantics. The proposed framework is purely classical in mainly three ways. First, it uses classical negation as unique form of negation. Second, it advocates the computation of logical consequences rather than of particular models. Third, it makes no reference to a notion of preferred or minimal interpretation.
Developing As and Cu Tissue Residue Thresholds to Attain the Good Ecological Status of Rivers in Mining Areas
Authors: Moreno-Ocio Iñigo , Méndez-Fernández Leire , Martínez-Madrid Maite , Costas Noemí , Pardo Isabel , Rodriguez Pilar
Published: March 2022

The study was performed on residue-effects datasets from polluted and unpolluted sites in the Nalón River basin (northern Spain). The effects were measured in terms of alteration of field macroinvertebrate communities, and measured as ecological status scores, and number of families and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT). Non-linear regression models of the field-measured tissue residues in 10 taxa related to the ecological status of the macroinvertebrate communities were used to derive effective tissue residues (ERs). These were estimated for the good/moderate boundary defined by the ecological quality ratio (EQRs) score and for the 50% reduction of EQR and EPT metrics. As, Cu, Hg and Se ERs were calculated for several macroinvertebrate taxa with different feeding styles. The ER dataset allowed us to estimate As and Cu hazardous concentrations (HC), using species sensitivity distribution models, and were interpreted as community thresholds. Further studies for Hg and Se are needed to complete the database required for HC estimation. The reliability and differences of the several thresholds were tested in a risk assessment using a tissue-residue approach (TRA) conducted with field organisms from Cauxa Creek, a tributary from the same basin exposed to high levels of metals in the sediments due to gold mining activities. This risk assessment identified that As and Cu tissue residues satisfactorily explained the reduction in the ecological status of the macroinvertebrate assemblages. Our results indicate that TRA can help in setting future environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic biota.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnostic performance of an algorithm for automated collateral scoring on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Wolff Lennard , Uniken Venema Simone M. , Luijten Sven P. R. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Martens Jasper M. , Bernsen Marie Louise E. , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , van Doormaal Pieter Jan , Dippel Diederik W. J. , van Zwam Wim , van Walsum Theo , van der Lugt Aad ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Outcome of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients depends on collateral circulation to provide blood supply to the ischemic territory. We evaluated the performance of a commercially available algorithm for assessing the collateral score (CS) in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods

Retrospectively, baseline CTA scans (≤ 3-mm slice thickness) with an intracranial carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery segment M1 or M2 occlusion, from the MR CLEAN Registry (n = 1627) were evaluated. All CTA scans were evaluated for visual CS (0–3) by eight expert radiologists (reference standard). A Web-based AI algorithm quantified the collateral circulation (0–100%) for correctly detected occlusion sides. Agreement between visual CS and categorized automated CS (0: 0%, 1: > 0– ≤ 50%, 2: > 50– < 100%, 3: 100%) was assessed. Area under the curve (AUC) values for classifying patients in having good (CS: 2–3) versus poor (CS: 0–1) collaterals and for predicting functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0–2) were computed. Influence of CTA acquisition timing after contrast material administration was reported.

Results

In the analyzed scans (n = 1024), 59% agreement was found between visual CS and automated CS. An AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90) was found for discriminating good versus poor CS. Timing of CTA acquisition did not influence discriminatory performance. AUC for predicting functional independence was 0.66 (95% CI 0.62–0.69) for automated CS, similar to visual CS 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.68).

Conclusions

The automated CS performs similar to radiologists in determining a good versus poor collateral score and predicting functional independence in acute ischemic stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion.

Key Points

• Software for automated quantification of intracerebral collateral circulation on computed tomography angiography performs similar to expert radiologists in determining a good versus poor collateral score.

• Software for automated quantification of intracerebral collateral circulation on computed tomography angiography performs similar to expert radiologists in predicting functional independence in acute ischemic stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion.

• The timing of computed tomography angiography acquisition after contrast material administration did not influence the performance of automated quantification of the collateral status.
Pulmonary artery sensor system pressure monitoring to improve heart failure outcomes (PASSPORT-HF): rationale and design of the PASSPORT-HF multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Störk Stefan , Bernhardt Alexandra , Böhm Michael , Brachmann Johannes , Dagres Nikolaos , Frantz Stefan , Hindricks Gerd , Köhler Friedrich , Zeymer Uwe , Rosenkranz Stephan , Angermann Christiane , Aßmus Birgit
Published: March 2022

Background

Remote monitoring of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III heart failure (HF) using daily transmission of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure values has shown a reduction in HF-related hospitalizations and improved quality of life in patients.

Objectives

PASSPORT-HF is a prospective, randomized, open, multicenter trial evaluating the effects of a hemodynamic-guided, HF nurse-led care approach using the CardioMEMS™ HF-System on clinical end points.

Methods and results

The PASSPORT-HF trial has been commissioned by the German Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) to ascertain the efficacy of PA pressure-guided remote care in the German health-care system. PASSPORT-HF includes adult HF patients in NYHA functional class III, who experienced an HF-related hospitalization within the last 12 months. Patients with reduced ejection fraction must be on stable guideline-directed pharmacotherapy. Patients will be randomized centrally 1:1 to implantation of a CardioMEMS™ sensor or control. All patients will receive post-discharge support facilitated by trained HF nurses providing structured telephone-based care. The trial will enroll 554 patients at about 50 study sites. The primary end point is a composite of the number of unplanned HF-related rehospitalizations or all-cause death after 12 months of follow-up, and all events will be adjudicated centrally. Secondary end points include device/system-related complications, components of the primary end point, days alive and out of hospital, disease-specific and generic health-related quality of life including their sub-scales, and laboratory parameters of organ damage and disease progression.

Conclusions

PASSPORT-HF will define the efficacy of implementing hemodynamic monitoring as a novel disease management tool in routine outpatient care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04398654, 13-MAY-2020.

Graphical abstract
Random walks on hyperbolic spaces: Concentration inequalities and probabilistic Tits alternative
Authors: Aoun Richard , Sert Cagri
Published: March 2022

The goal of this article is two-fold: in a first part, we prove Azuma–Hoeffding type concentration inequalities around the drift for the displacement of non-elementary random walks on hyperbolic spaces. For a proper hyperbolic spaceM, we obtain explicit bounds that depend only onM, the size of support of the measure as in the classical case of sums of independent random variables, and on the norm of the driving probability measure in the left regular representation of the group of isometries. We obtain uniform bounds in the case of hyperbolic groups and effective bounds for simple linear groups of rank-one. In a second part, using our concentration inequalities, we give quantitative finite-time estimates on the probability that two independent random walks on the isometry group of a hyperbolic space generate a free non-abelian subgroup. Our concentration results follow from a more general, but less explicit statement that we prove for cocycles which satisfy a certain cohomological equation. For example, this also allows us to obtain subgaussian concentration bounds around the top Lyapunov exponent of random matrix products in arbitrary dimension.
Determination of thermal sensation levels for Koreans based on perceived temperature and climate chamber experiments with hot and humid settings
Authors: Kang Misun , Kim Kyu Rang , Lee Joo-Young , Shin Ju-Young
Published: March 2022

People perceive thermal sensation differently despite the same temperature value of thermal comfort index depending on various factors such as climate, culture, and physiological characteristics. The use of the thermal comfort index without optimization may lead to biases in assessment of thermal stress and sensation. This study aims to derive the perceived temperature (PT) ranges of thermal sensation levels related to heat stress for Koreans. The experiments were designed using a controlled environmental chamber to derive the PT ranges and were performed with subjects who are residents of Seoul, South Korea. The experiments were carried out in the summers of 2017 and 2018, and the thermal sensation votes were surveyed from 19 subjects whose mean age, height, weight, and body mass index were 22.5 years, 171 cm, 72 kg, and 23 kg⋅m−2, respectively. The derived PT ranges for Koreans led to a better performance than the reference PT ranges for Germans based on the results of validation. The thresholds of ‘Warm,’ ‘Hot,’ and ‘Very hot’ thermal sensation classes for Koreans were 28 °C, 36 °C, and 43 °C, respectively: higher than those for Germans. The results indicate that Koreans may have higher heat resistance or lower heat sensitivity than Germans.
Best practice approaches to outpatient management of people living with Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Demleitner Antonia F. , Wolff Andreas W. , Erber Johanna , Gebhardt Friedemann , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. , Kolbe-Busch Susanne , Chaberny Iris F. , Lingor Paul
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is rising, rendering it one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment and monitoring of patients require regular specialized in- and outpatient care. Patients with PD are more likely to have a complicated disease course if they become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Regular in-hospital appointments place these patients at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to travel and contact with other patients and staff. However, guidelines for the management of outpatients with PD during times of increased risk of infection are currently lacking. These are urgently needed to conduct risk–benefit evaluations to recommend the best medical treatment. This article discusses best practice approaches based on the current literature, as suggested by the multidisciplinary Network of University Medicine (NUM) in Germany. These include measures such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing measures, and appropriate testing strategies in outpatient settings, which can minimize the risk of exposure. Furthermore, the urgency of appointments should be considered. Visits of low urgency may be conducted by general practitioners or via telemedicine consultations, whereas in-person presentation is required in case of moderate and high urgency visits. Classification of urgency should be carried out by skilled medical staff, and telemedicine (telephone or video consultations) may be a useful tool in this situation. The currently approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are safe and effective for patients with PD and play a key role in minimizing infection risk for patients with PD.
Präklinische Daten zum Trauma in Extremitätenarterien
Authors: Klocker Josef , Heuberger Sophia Anna Elisabeth , Gratl Alexandra , Kluckner Michaela , Wipper Sabine
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Die Universitätsklinik Innsbruck (Österreich) ist ein Traumazentrum mit großem Einzugsgebiet. Wir analysierten retrospektiv Aspekte der präklinischen Versorgung der PatientInnen mit traumatischen Extremitätenarterienverletzungen (Entfernung des Unfallorts, boden- vs. luftgebundener Transport, direkte vs. indirekte Einlieferung) und deren möglichen Einfluss auf Ergebnisparameter (Letalität, Extremitätenerhalt, Folgeoperationen und Länge des Krankenhausaufenthalts).

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Kohortenstudie unter Einschluss aller PatientInnen mit rekonstruierten Extremitätenarterienverletzungen, die in der Zeit vom 01.01.2004 bis zum 31.12.2018 behandelt worden waren. Ausschlusskriterien waren iatrogene Gefäßverletzungen, konservativ behandelte Läsionen, mittels Ligatur oder Embolisation behandelte Läsionen und Läsionen an Seitenästen der Hauptarterien.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 113 PatientInnen eingeschlossen, davon 59 an der oberen und 54 an der unteren Extremität. Unfallmechanismen waren 34,5 % Sport- und Freizeitunfälle, 23 % Arbeitsunfälle und 20,4 % Verkehrsunfälle. Der PatientInnentransport erfolgte signifikant häufiger direkt als indirekt (59,3 % vs. 40,7 %; p < 0,05), allerdings mit beträchtlichen Unterschieden an oberer bzw. unterer Extremität abhängig vom Unfallmechanismus. Sowohl der direkte als auch indirekte Transport erfolgte signifikant häufiger luftgebunden via Hubschrauber. Entfernung des Unfallorts, Transportmodalität und direkte bzw. indirekte Zutransferierung hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf Letalität, Extremitätenerhalt, Häufigkeit von Folgeoperationen und die Länge des Krankenhausaufenthalts.

Schlussfolgerung

Unsere retrospektive Datenanalyse zeigt, dass die Zentralisierung der Versorgung von traumatischen Extremitätenarterienverletzungen keine Nachteile für PatientInnen, aus entfernteren Landesteilen nach sich zieht. Ebenso gibt es keinen Unterschied der Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der direkten Einlieferung oder späteren Zutransferierung nach zügig durchgeführter Erstversorgung und Erstuntersuchung auswärts.
Practice-relevant model validation: distributional parameter risk analysis in financial model risk management
Authors: Cummins Mark , Gogolin Fabian , Kearney Fearghal , Kiely Greg , Murphy Bernard
Published: March 2022

An objective of model validation within organisations is to provide guidance on model selection decisions that balance the operational effectiveness and structural complexity of competing models. We consider a practice-relevant model validation scenario where a financial quantitative analysis team seeks to decide between incumbent and alternative models on the basis of parameter risk. We devise a model risk management methodology that gives a meaningful distributional assessment of parameter risk in a setting where market calibration and historical estimation procedures must be jointly applied. Such a scenario is typically driven by data constraints that preclude market calibration only. We demonstrate our proposed methodology in a natural gas storage modelling context, where model usage is necessary to support profit and loss reporting, and to inform trading and hedging strategy. We leverage our distributional parameter risk approach to devise an accessible technique to support model selection decisions.
The observed age gradient in the Milky Way—as a test for theories of spiral arm structure
Authors: Vallée Jacques P.
Published: March 2022

Some important predictions from 4 main models of spiral arm formation are tested here, using observational data acquired for the Milky Way galaxy. Many spiral arm models (density wave, tidal wave, nuclear Lyapunov tube, or dynamic transient wave) have some consistencies with some of the observations, and some inconsistencies.

Our 4 tests consist of the relative locations and relative speeds of different arm tracers away from the dust lane, and the global arm pitch angle as obtained over two Galactic quadrants and several Galactic radii, as well as the arm’s continuity of shape from Galactic quadrant IV to Galactic quadrant I.

In the Milky Way, an age gradient is observed from different arm tracers, amounting to $12.9 \pm 1.1$
12.9
±
1.1
 Myrs/kpc, or a relative speed from the dust lane of $76 \pm 10$
76
±
10
km/s. The presence of an age gradient is predicted by the density waves, but is not consistent with the predictions of the tidal waves, of the nuclear Lyapunov tubes, nor of the dynamic transient recurrent waves.
System Dynamics of Cognitive Vulnerabilities and Family Support Among Latina Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hovmand Peter S. , Calzada Esther J. , Gulbas Lauren E. , Kim Su Yeong , Chung Saras , Kuhlberg Jill , Hausmann-Stabile Carolina , Zayas Luis H.
Published: March 2022

The paper describes an approach to developing a data-driven development of a feedback theory of cognitive vulnerabilities and family support focused on understanding the dynamics experienced among Latina children, adolescents, and families. Family support is understood to be a response to avoidant and maladaptive behaviors that may be characteristic of cognitive vulnerabilities commonly associated depression and suicidal ideation. A formal feedback theory is developed, appraised, and analyzed using a combination of secondary analysis of qualitative interviews (N = 30) and quantitative analysis using system dynamics modeling and simulation. Implications for prevention practice, treatment, and future research are discussed.
‘We can talk the talk, but we’re not allowed to walk the walk’: the role of equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant
Published: March 2022

This article draws on interviews with 41 equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England who were not members of the Race Equality Charter (REC). It uses the concept of Whiteness and White privilege to argue that within the framework of White normative practices, the role of equality and diversity staff are used as a smokescreen to perpetuate a system of White privilege. Higher education institutions who are not members of the REC do not invest in such initiatives to protect their own White interests. Rather, they give the appearance of addressing equalities under the guise of the Equality Act (2010). The article argues that in order for racial inequalities to be addressed, policy making such as the REC must be mandatory. Furthermore, higher education institutions must consider how they empower equality and diversity staff in order that they have the time, resources and commitment from senior managers to instigate real organisational change.
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Toluene and n-Butane Determined from Speed of Sound Data
Authors: Hawary Ahmed El , Meier Karsten
Published: March 2022

The method of thermodynamic integration is applied to calculate accurate data for the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacity of toluene and n-butane from speed of sound data sets measured previously in our laboratory. Values for the density and isobaric heat capacity on the initial isobar for the integration are derived from very accurate density and speed of sound data sets using well-known thermodynamic relations. The relative expanded uncertainties (at the 0.95 confidence level) in the derived values for the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities are estimated to be 0.011 %, 0.3 %, and 0.4 % for toluene and 0.02 %, 0.5 %, and 0.7 % for n-butane, respectively. Comparisons with experimental data, values of other authors derived by the thermodynamic integration, and equations of state show that our values for both fluids are more accurate than most data available in the literature. Moreover, the domain of the thermodynamic integration for toluene extends down to 240 K and covers lower temperatures than recently considered by other authors. The derived values for the isobaric heat capacity of n-butane fill a gap as this property has hitherto only been measured at ambient pressure. Because of their low uncertainty, the values of the derived properties reported in this work in combination with recent data of other authors are useful for developing new and improved equations of state for both fluids.
Evolution and stability of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole inhibitor film upon Al alloy 6061
Authors: Jakeria Mohd Rafiuddin , Toh Rou Jun , Chen Xiao-Bo , Cole Ivan S.
Published: March 2022

Organic corrosion inhibitors have become competent alternatives to hazardous chrome conversion coatings due to their rapid adsorption over metal surfaces in corrosive environments. Literature suggests a wide range of organic corrosion inhibitors with high inhibition efficiency, barrier properties, and adsorption mechanisms. However, the long-term durability and protectiveness of an organic inhibitor film need to be understood with in-depth insights on its interaction with heterogenous alloy surfaces like AA6xxx, reduction of galvanic activities and time-resolved degradation due to ionic diffusion. The present article is focused on the time-resolved adsorption and degradation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI)-induced inhibitor layer/film over AA6061 in 0.1 M NaCl solution. Electrochemical and surface analysis data indicate that the presence of 2-MBI drives the rapid formation of a 20–30 nm thick protective film comprised of constitutional elements of C, S, and N from 2-MBI upon the surface of AA6061 substrate. This film mitigated the corrosion cells associated with nano- and micro-sized Fe and Si-rich intermetallic particles (IMPs) in AA6061. XPS reveals two distinguished bonding states of S and N in the inhibitor film and chemical interactions between 2-MBI and the surface of AA6061. The protective film maintained 65% inhibiting efficiency after 1 day, which progressively degraded due to electrolyte ingress and eventually with a drop in inhibition efficiency down to 21% after 14 days. Inhibitor-induced film over AA6061 reduced the corrosion susceptibility of Fe, and Si-rich IMPs up to 1 day given the subsequent adsorption by S and N heteroatoms. However, this film became thick and defective after 1 day, which undermined its barrier properties against ingress of aggressive ions and facilitated water adsorption.

Graphical abstract
Evaluation of synthesized polyaniline nanofibres as corrosion protection film coating on copper substrate by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Fuseini Mohammed , Zaghloul Moustafa Mahmoud Yousry , Elkady Marwa F. , El-Shazly Ahmed H.
Published: March 2022

In this current paper, we report the use of inexpensive, simple electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique in developing polyaniline (PANI) aqueous colloidal suspension coating on copper (Cu) substrate. Polyaniline nanoparticle films were deposited electrophoretically on the surface of copper sheet electrode. A colloidal suspension with high stability was produced by a liquid polyaniline in the presence of formic acid and acetonitrile as electrolyte for the EPD process. The suspension of the PANI was characterized by measuring the zeta potential of the suspension using zeta-sizer analyser. The PANI coating was used as barrier for corrosion protection of the Cu sheet. Operating parameters such as operating time, applied voltage, and the concentration were used with deposition at the cathode. Characterization such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and UV–Vis was carried out, and the corrosion protection offered by the PANI on the Cu surface was examined using potentiodynamic (Tafel) polarization in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. As a result, the optimum parameters for obtaining a homogenous coating on the Cu sheet were attained at the voltage of 15 V and deposition time of 180 s with 50 mg/mL PANI concentration. The attained results indicated inhibition efficiency for PANI deposit of 92.92% indicating protection against corrosion.
Texture evolution in a CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: He X. Y. , Wang H. , Zhu Z. G. , Wang L. Z. , Liu J. Q. , Haghdadi N. , Nai S. M. L. , Huang J. , Primig S. , Ringer S. P. , Liao X. Z.
Published: March 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques including laser powder bed fusion have been widely used to produce metallic components with microstructures and mechanical properties distinctly different from the conventionally manufactured counterparts. Understanding how AM parameters affect the evolution of microstructure, including texture, of these AM metallic components is critical for appropriate manipulation of their processing and therefore their mechanical properties. Here we conducted a systematic investigation of texture evolution of a face-centred cubic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy cuboid fabricated using laser powder bed fusion. Our results showed that the texture evolutions along the build direction were different between the corner and central parts of the sample. Detailed analysis suggested that the texture evolution is closely related to local thermal gradient, which is a property that can be manipulated through changing AM parameters. The different textures lead to the significant variations of mechanical properties within the sample.
Swedish managers’ experience-based understanding of the Capacity to work in employees with Common Mental Disorders: a Focus Group Study
Authors: Tengelin Ellinor , Hensing Gunnel , Holmgren Kristina , Ståhl Christian , Bertilsson Monica
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Understanding of the capacity to work among employees with common mental disorders (CMDs) is important, but contemporary knowledge on this issue lacks the managers’ perspective. The aim of this study was to explore and describe managers’ experience-based understanding of capacity to work in employees with CMD.

Methods

A qualitative focus group study was designed. Managers with experience in supporting employees with CMD were recruited via organizations and networks. Eight focus group interviews with 31 participants took place.

Results

The analysis resulted in five categories. (1) Capacity to mentally focus on work tasks decreases or disappears, with negative consequences for work output. (2) Capacity to commit to continuous and coherent task changes, making tasks that span longer periods of time difficult. (3) Capacity to independently adapt to the needs of the situation decreases, and employees need more guidance and instructions than usual. (4) Capacity to keep up professional appearances is reduced, and the employees struggle with the professional role. (5) Ability to interact socially and professionally decreases, which potentially causes conflicts at the workplace.

Conclusions

This study adds managers’ perspective to the increasing knowledge on how capacity to work is influenced by CMDs. Managers understand CMDs in employees as changed, reducing the capacities needed for occupational functioning. A deeper understanding of reduced capacity to work is needed to adapt workplaces, and our findings can facilitate work accommodations for employees with CMDs.
The challenge to use multi-temporal InSAR for landslide early warning
Authors: Schlögl Matthias , Gutjahr Karlheinz , Fuchs Sven
Published: March 2022

Satellite radar interferometry is a powerful tool for measuring displacements of the Earth’s surface. However, we recommend to extend the currently prevailing focus on ex-post analyses and monitoring towards ex-ante early warning applications. Underlying challenges and key requirements are discussed.
Challenges and opportunities for using population health data to investigate cancer survivors’ quality of life in Australia
Authors: Ramsey Imogen , Corsini Nadia , Hutchinson Amanda , Marker Julie , Eckert Marion
Published: March 2022

There is a recognised need for reported national data that inform health policy, health professions, and consumers about the wellbeing of Australians with cancer and other chronic conditions. International initiatives have demonstrated the viability and benefits of utilising population-based cancer registries to monitor the prevalence and trajectory of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes among people with cancer. Establishing a similar level of monitoring in Australia would require timely access to health data collected by publicly funded, population-based cancer registries, and the capacity to link this information across jurisdictions. Combining information from different sources via data linkage is an efficient and cost-effective way to maximise how data are used to inform population health and policy development. However, linking health datasets has historically been highly restricted, resource-intensive, and costly in Australia due to complex and outdated legislative requirements, duplicative approval processes, and differing policy frameworks in each state and territory. This has resulted in significant research waste due to underutilisation of existing data, duplication of research efforts and resources, and data not being translated into decision-making. Recognising these challenges, from 2015 to 2017 the Productivity Commission investigated options for improving data availability and use in Australia, considering factors such as privacy, security, and intellectual property. The inquiry report recommended significant reforms for Australian legislation, including the creation of a data sharing and release structure to improve access to data for research and policy development purposes. This paper discusses (1) opportunities in HRQOL research enabled by data linkage, (2) barriers to data access and use in Australia and the implications for waste in HRQOL research, and (3) proposed legislative reforms for improving data availability and use in Australia.
Disability Considerations for Measuring Poverty in Canada Using the Market Basket Measure
Authors: Scott Craig W. M. , Berrigan Patrick , Kneebone Ronald D. , Zwicker Jennifer D.
Published: March 2022

Persons with disability (PWD) in Canada experience disproportionately high poverty rates. Poverty measures are often used to benchmark income assistance levels and social policies across Canada. The Market Basket Measure (MBM) is the official poverty measure in Canada that accounts for differences in family composition and geography. It does not, however, account for cost-incurring factors like disabilities, despite the evidence of differences in daily living costs. PWD experiencing poverty have additional needs to reduce barriers to full participation in society that can translate to higher basic costs for daily living. Given that poverty measures like the MBM may assess eligibility for income support or eligibility for public housing, these measures need to reflect how the cost of living differs for PWD. To critically analyze disability-specific considerations for the Canadian poverty line, we assess the MBM within the context of persons with disabilities. To identify differences in consumption patterns and family composition for PWD, a population based cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability. Analysis assessed for bias within the MBM based on the basket contents, family composition and disability severity. PWD experience two times higher poverty rates, worse housing outcomes and incur higher and additional expenses for basic needs of daily living than persons without disability. The MBM underestimates the true poverty rate for persons with disabilities as it does not account for all their additional costs and does not represent their average family composition.
Taming vagueness: the philosophy of network science
Authors: Elek Gábor , Babarczy Eszter
Published: March 2022

In the last 20 years network science has become an independent scientific field. We argue that by building network models network scientists are able to tame the vagueness of propositions about complex systems and networks, that is, to make these propositions precise. This makes it possible to study important vague properties such as modularity, near-decomposability, scale-freeness or being a small world. Using an epistemic model of network science, we systematically analyse the specific nature of network models and the logic behind the taming mechanism.
Self-designation and group allocation
Authors: Craven John
Published: March 2022

A widely held rights-based view asserts that individuals should be permitted to self-designate characteristics such as race and gender. But some argue that there are opinions that oppose the use only of self-designation, and that these should not be ignored. Kasher and Rubinstein (Logique Anal 160:385–395, 1997) demonstrated that the latter view is equivalent to accepting that one or more of five conditions must be violated. This paper extends their analysis to allow for more than two categories, and focuses on simplifying the conditions without jeopardising their conclusion. In particular, we use significantly weaker conditions of independence and of symmetry than are common in other extensions of the original proposition.
Characteristics and comparisons of acute stroke in “recovered" to “active COVID-19 and “pre-pandemic” in Qatar database
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Abid Fatma , Singh Rajvir , Kamran Saadat , Imam Yahia , Al Jerdi Salman , Salameh Sarah , Al Attar Rand , Yasir Muhammad , Shabir Hammad , Morgan Deborah , Joseph Sujatha , AlMaslamani Muna , Shuaib Ashfaq
Published: March 2022

Understanding the relationship of COVID-19 to stroke is important. We compare characteristics of pre-pandemic stroke (PPS), cases in acute COVID infection (CS) and in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection (RCS). We interrogated the Qatar stroke database for all stroke admissions between Jan 2020 and Feb 2021 (PPS) to CS and RCS to determine how COVID-19 affected ischemic stroke sub-types, clinical course, and outcomes prior to, during and post-pandemic peak. There were 3264 cases admitted (pre-pandemic: 3111, stroke in COVID-19: 60 and recovered COVID-19 stroke: 93). Patients with CS were significantly younger, had more severe symptoms, fever on presentation, more ICU admissions and poor stroke recovery at discharge when compared to PPS and RCS. Large vessel disease and cardioembolic disease was significantly higher in CS compared to PPS or RCS. There was a significant decline in stroke mimics in CS. Stroke in RCS has characteristics similar to PPS with no evidence of lasting effects of the virus on the short-term. However, CS is a more serious disease and tends to be more severe and have a poor prognosis.
Was „Christ:innen“ in den Augen muslimischer Jugendlicher ausmacht
Authors: Ulfat Fahimah
Published: March 2022

Die hier skizzierte empirische Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, wie in Deutschland lebende muslimische Jugendliche „Christ:innen“ sozial konstruieren. Dabei liegt das Augenmerk in entscheidender Weise auf den vielschichtigen und dynamischen Zusammenhängen zwischen der Konstruktion des Anderen und der Konstruktion des Selbst. Die Forschungsarbeit ist im Bereich des interreligiösen Lernens verortet. In einer religiös und weltanschaulich zunehmend pluralen Gesellschaft werden Räume für Dialog und Anerkennung über soziale (Selbst‑)Abgrenzungen – auch religiöser Natur – hinweg immer wichtiger. Demzufolge ist die Dringlichkeit interreligiösen Lernens in Politik und Wissenschaft mittlerweile bewusst geworden. Allerdings ist für die erfolgreiche Gestaltung interreligiösen Lernens empirische Forschungen zu religiösen Einstellungen gegenüber religiös Anderen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Das Ziel ist dabei, die Ausgangsbedingungen für interreligiöse Lernprozesse in der Schule zu klären. Allerdings gibt es noch kaum „Untersuchungen zu Vorurteilen gegen Christen, etwa bei Muslimen in Deutschland“ (Schweitzer et al. 2017, S. 45). Dieser Forschungslücke widmet sich der folgende Beitrag, indem das Wissen muslimischer Jugendlicher über „Christ:innen“ in seinem kollektiven Erfahrungszusammenhang rekonstruiert wird.
Treatment Strategies for Central Nervous System Effects in Primary and Secondary Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Children
Authors: Cooray Samantha , Sabanathan Saraswathy , Hacohen Yael , Worth Austen , Eleftheriou Despina , Hemingway Cheryl
Published: March 2022

Purpose of Review

This review presents an appraisal of current therapeutic options for the treatment of central nervous system haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (CNS-HLH) in the context of systemic disease, as well as when CNS features occur in isolation. We present the reader with a diagnostic approach to CNS-HLH and commonly used treatment protocols. We discuss and evaluate newer treatments on the horizon.

Recent Findings

Mortality is high in patients who do not undergo HSCT, and while larger studies are required to establish benefit in many treatments, a number of new treatments are currently being evaluated. Alemtuzumab is being used as a first-line treatment for CNS-HLH in a phase I/II multicentre prospective clinical trial as an alternative to traditional HLH-1994 and 2004 protocols. It has also been used successfully as a second-line agent for the treatment of isolated CNS-HLH that is refractory to standard treatment. Ruxolitinib and emapalumab are new immunotherapies that block the Janus kinase—Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway that have shown efficacy in refractory HLH, including for CNS-HLH disease.

Treatment of CNS-HLH often requires HLH-94 or 2004 protocols followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to maintain remission, although relapse can occur, particularly with reduced intensity conditioning if donor chimerism falls. CNS features have been shown to improve or stabilise following HSCT in CNS-HLH in the context of systemic disease and in isolated CNS-HLH. Encouraging reports of early cohort studies suggest alemtuzumab and the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib offer potential salvage therapy for relapsed and refractory CNS-HLH. Newer immunotherapies such as tocilizumab and natalizumab have been shown to be beneficial in sporadic cases. CNS-HLH due to primary gene defects may be amenable to gene therapy in the future.
Mother-Newborn Care Unit (MNCU) Experience in India: A Paradigm Shift in Care of Small and Sick Newborns
Authors: Chellani Harish , Arya Sugandha , Mittal Pratima , Bahl Rajiv
Published: March 2022

While a Cochrane review (2016) showed that kangaroo mother care (KMC) initiated after clinical stabilization reduces mortality by 40%, evidence of the effect of initiating KMC immediately after birth without waiting for babies to become stable was unavailable until recently. This research gap was addressed by a multicountry, randomized, controlled trial co-ordinated by WHO. This trial was conducted in five hospitals in Ghana, India, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Implementation of this trial led to development of the “mother–newborn care unit (MNCU).” Mother–newborn care unit or mother–newborn intensive care unit (M–NICU) is a facility where sick and small newborns are cared with their mothers 24 × 7 with all facilities of level II newborn care and provision for postnatal care to mothers. The mother is not a mere visitor, but she has her bed inside the special newborn care unit (SNCU)/newborn intensive care unit (NICU) and as a resident of MNCU, becomes an active caregiver and is involved in continuum of neonatal care. The study results show that intervention babies in MNCU had 25% less mortality at 28 d of life, 35% less incidence of hypothermia, and 18% less suspected sepsis as compared to control babies cared in conventional NICU. World Health Organization is in the process of reviewing the current recommendations on care of preterm or LBW newborns considering new evidence that has become available. However, it would require national policy change to permit mother and surrogate in SNCU/NICU 24 × 7, making the concept of zero-separation a reality.