Total Quality Management (Tqm) As a Prerequisite For Improving The Competitiveness In Waste Management And Waste Reprocessing Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises To Achieve Business Excellence
Authors: Iyer Vijayan Gurumurthy 
Published: November 2023

Total Quality Management (TQM) can be defined as a quality management approach centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long term success through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organization and society. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) process can be broadly defined as a study of the impacts of a proposed project, plan, project, policy or legislative action on the environment and sustainability. In this research, SEA process has been aimed in order to incorporate environmental and sustainability factors in to waste and waste reprocessing project planning and decision making (WPDM) and Climate impact assessment (CIA) process such as project formulation and appraisal of Indo-Matsushita midget electrode (battery carbon rod) plant in 1979 at Tada, sustainable bridge, road and sanitation structure, green building, nuclear power plant, cotton roller ginning plant and concrete that included policies, programs, plans and legislative actions. Sustainable WM & WRM development is a kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability and efficacy of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process can be defined as the systematic study of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, policies or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environmental product life cycle. The primary purpose of the EIA process is to encourage the consideration of the environment in Organization's WPDM process and to arrive at actions that are environmentally compatible. WPDM process should include the integrated consideration of technical or engineering, economic, environmental, safety, and health, social and sustainability factors in order to achieve business excellence. Prior to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process in 1970 in the USA, technical and economic factors dominance the World’s Waste Management and Waste Reprocessing Management (WM & WRM) projects. The objective of the study is to conceptualize SEA process for the WM & WRM sector on the basis of fifteen number of sustainable detailed project reports (DPRs) submitted by the extension learners of Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Business Management (DEBM) course conducted by the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (The EDI of India) during the research year (RY) 1999 to 2023 under the author’s chancellorship. The design of the study is cross sectional. Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) process has been conducted for nuclear power plant to consider the safety and health impacts in order to mitigate psychological health loading on workers and nearby residents. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) process can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential social impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions such that social consideration is encouraged in WPDM process and to arrive at actions that are socially compatible with reference to a sustainable sanitation project. SEA process concerns to environment and sustainability effects in WPDM process and arrive at proposed projects, plans, programs, and legislative actions that are compatible with respect to environment and sustainability issues. International EIA process required multi-disciplinary approach that has been conducted very early stage of Japanese Matsushita carbon rod project in 1982 for strategic environmental assessment. The paper highlights SEA process conducted for certain projects that based on operation and process approach and associated studies for sustainable development. WM & WRM engineering product and process environmental life cycle analysis (LCA) has been conducted for identifying and measuring the impact of civil engineering industrial products on the environment and sustain efficacy by means of mass and energy balance methods. LCA considers the activities related to raw materials, transformation, ancillary materials, equipment, method, market, man power, production, use, disposal and ancillary equipment.As far as waste management and reprocessing management safety is concerned personal protective equipment and materials (PPEMs) that include garments, clothing, gloves, safety shoes, hard hats, safety glasses, shields, respirators, full aprons, safety belts, and other safety items which have to be used by an individual. Such equipment is important for personal protection and for safety. It is the manager’s and supervisor’s responsibility to ensure that they are used. The enactment of worker’s compensation law and occupational disease law shall increase materially the cost of insurance to industry. The increased cost and the certainty with which it is applied will put a premium on accident-prevention work. This cost can be materially reduced by the installation of safety devices. WM & WRM experience has shown that approximately 80% of all the WM & WRM industrial accidents are preventable. EIA and EHIA processes have been conducted for a nuclear power plant to consider the safety and health impacts in order to mitigate psychological health loading on workers and nearby residents. SEA system is a potentially useful element of good environmental management and sustainable development; however, as currently practiced in WM & WRM industries, it is far from perfection. Emphasis should be given in WM & WRM industries on maintaining economic viability of the operation, while in turn taking care to preserve the ecological and social sustainability of the country. International EIA process required multi-disciplinary approach that has been conducted very early stage of Indo-Matsushita Midget electrode projecting 1982 at Tada for economic, ecological and social sustainability.