bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF A CRICKET BOWLING MACHINE WITH AN ARM AND HAND TO DELIVER THE BALL
Authors: Bickramdass Ronnie , Persad Prakash , Loutan Jr. Kelvin , Ameerali Aaron
Published: October 2020

The use of bowling machines to train batsmen whether it be indoors or outdoors have increased significantly. In the absence of bowlers, batsmen can bat for hours without any bowlers getting tired. The designs of these machines are often a derivative of ball projection machines used for other sports such as tennis. Reviewed literature highlights the deficit in visual information in the form of an arm and hand when using these machines. Hence a cricket bowling machine was developed with an arm and hand. The usability, functionality, repeatability and accuracy of the cricket bowling machine with an arm and hand was tested which had been previously designed and built by Dr Kelvin Loutan Jr (2016) at The University of Trinidad and Tobago. A trajectory model was developed for an indoor environment and experimentally validated with data collected from extensive testing of the bowling machine using Pitch Vision hardware and software. A design procedure had to be formulated to determine what test had to be done and the method of collecting data. The testing, collecting data and validation of the model was done with the cricket bowling machine at its current state with minor changes to the hand. The release angle at which the ball leaves the hand was found to have a significant impact on the length of the delivery. Finally, the bowling machine was able to bowl various lengths and varying speeds consistently. The variation in speed placed the machine in the category of medium-fast, that is, speeds between 120 km/h (75 mph) and 130 km/h (81mph).
Discussion and Implications for Practice: Women Student Veterans and their Sense of Identity, Belonging, and Voice in Writing Courses and through Writing Assignments
Authors: Broding Mary Christine
Published: October 2020

Given the lack of published research on women student veterans as a group separate from men student veterans and the unique needs of women student veterans, individual attention needs to be paid to women student veterans. This qualitative study used feminist critical theory to examine the experiences of women student veterans during their transition process from the military to higher education regarding identity, belonging, and voice in connection with writing courses and writing assignments. Real-time in-depth narrative interviews were conducted with seven current or former women student veterans located across the United States. Analysis of the interviews revealed superordinate themes. These three superordinate themes were 1) military influence: lifestyle transition, identity, and writing; 2) peer connections in writing courses; and 3) writing instructor influence. The findings informed by the superordinate themes included women student veterans sometimes have difficulty transitioning from military writing to academic writing, women student veterans need peer connections in the writing classroom, and writing instructors hold much influence over belonging and voice for women student veterans. These findings led to three recommendations for future practice. The first recommendation was that writing workshops focusing on the differences between military writing and academic writing should be held for women student veterans by individual colleges and universities. The second recommendation was colleges and universities can establish and maintain writing groups for women student veterans in which they write and share narratives and poetry reflective of their military and other life experiences. The third recommendation was writing instructors should be trained on providing women student veterans with individualized attention and supportive feedback. Keywords: women student veterans, writing courses, identity, belonging, voice
Wayumi: Fictions of the Other
Authors: Fabbri Juan
Published: October 2020

New Tribes Mission (NTM) is a transnational group of Christian missionaries that have the main goal to evangelize and contact indigenous people isolated in América, Asia, and Africa. This essay is a case study of the video “Wayumi-Your adventure into tribal missions // New Tribes Mission” produced by NTM (2009). The audiovisual circulating and is on the web. The article problematizes indigenous peoples representation through the name that the missionaries give them such as “unreached ethnic groups” and works conceptual discussions debates such as authenticity, exotism, the noble savage and colonialism. Methodologically, the paper focuses on visual discourse analysis and semiotic analysis.
PODE-SE VIVER SEM NORTE? A DISCIPLINA DO ESPAÇO
Authors: Machado Rosilene Beatriz , Flores Cláudia Regina
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise de como práticas de desenho e matemática foram (re)significadas nos domíniosda cartografia, analisando-as-as em sua historicidade. Situamo-nos, dessa forma, em seu campo de emergência, buscando os rastros históricosdos conteúdos escolares da disciplina de desenho,em suas relações com a matemática.O intuito éanalisar, enfim, como tais práticas deram-se a ver e dizer de maneiras distintas das que experimentavam até então, em uma investigação que se pauta não pela procura das causas de uma súbita mudança, mas pelo estabelecimento do sistema de transformações em que ela consiste.
PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF OBJECTS WITH ELECTRICAL GRIPPER OF MITSUBISHI MELFA INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
Authors: Slavov Danail
Published: October 2020

This paper presents research on estimating the size of objects gripped by an industrial robot electric hand. Using the robot, data for objects with known size is col-lected and these sizes are evaluated in real time based on the dataset obtained. The estimation models thus obtained aim to predict the size of new objects. Experiments are conducted to determine the applicability of the results. For the data collection, predictive models implementation, and feasibility verification stages, a group of programs is developed only by the means of the RT Toolbox 3 environment and MELFA Basic V programming language.
CASCADE CONTROL OF A MULTI INPUT AND MULTI OUTPUT (MIMO) THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Georgieva Anna , Ruzhekov Georgi
Published: October 2020

Cascade control of a “Multi Input and Multi Output (MIMO) Thermal Control System” is developed for better speed, better reduction of noise, lower overshoot. The thermal object consists of 4 thermally connected modules (three with a heater and one with a cooler), which is a MIMO object – 4 inputs and 4 outputs. The control system is realized with CPU and contains developing of PID control, Autotune system, history data.
OBJECTS DETECTION FROM AN IMAGE USING MATLAB
Authors: Sherif Sherif , Kralev Jordan , Slavov Tsonyo
Published: October 2020

Objects detection from a cluttered scene is one of the main tasks in computer vision. A lot of research has focused on the optimization of this process by using machine learning, where creating algorithms with specific instructions for solving a problem is not applicable. Most of embedded systems for detection object are based on algorithms using monochrome (intensity) images. Therefore, in the article are created models for color space conversion from images and the main stages of the object detection algorithm are discussed, as well as the functions through which this is done in MATLAB.
Trabajadoras sexuales de Cochabamba: una aproximación sociodemográfica
Authors: Bevilacqua Patriccia Andressa , Camacho Costa Grace Laura
Published: October 2020

Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de las trabajadoras sexuales del departamento de Cochabamba. Método: el estudio fue no experimental, transversal y descriptivo, realizado en el Centro Departamental de Vigilancia, Información y Referencia - CDVIR, con una muestra de 433 trabajadoras sexuales. Presenta un nivel de confianza de 95% y error muestral de 4,63%. El instrumento fue un cuestionario autoaplicable validado por el Comité de Docencia e Investigación del Instituto Psiquiátrico San Juan de Dios, en el cual se utilizaron variables que fueron sometidas a estudios de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se cumplieron con los principios de la Declaración de Helsinki. Resultados: las trabajadoras sexuales son jóvenes, provenientes de la zona urbana de las ciudades del eje troncal del país, no tienen compañero fijo, tienen hijos, un alto nivel de escolaridad, no practican ninguna religión, consumen bebidas alcohólicas con regularidad, iniciaron la vida laboral y el trabajo sexual a temprana edad, sin familiares conocedores del trabajo, menos de cinco años de ejercicio de la actividad, deseos de dejar el trabajo sexual, pero sin condiciones de hacerlo por las necesidades económicas. Conclusiones: las mujeres que ejercen el trabajo sexual tienen una carga familiar alta y dificultades de acceder al mercado laboral formal para generar ingresos para subsistir y mantener la prole, resultado de la feminización de la pobreza, del machismo de la sociedad y estilo social patriarcal, asociado al desamparo del Estado. Es necesario cambiar el paradigma de la mujer en la sociedad para cambiar esta realidad.
Covid-19, una mirada desde la pediatría
Authors: Grandy Giuseppe , G. Terán Carlos , Martínez Alejandro , Volz Anna
Published: October 2020

El COVID-19 fue predominantemente más prevalente entre adultos mayores de 15 años en las primeras etapas del brote y la proporción de casos confirmados entre niños fue relativamente menor. Sin embargo, debido a la creciente propagación mundial del SARS-CoV-2, tenemos nuevos desafíos para la prevención y el control de la epidemia de COVID-19 entre los niños. Ya que en los más pequeños no se pueden emplear medidas de prevención (barbijos), la clínica inespecífica que presentan, las dificultades para el diagnóstico, la deficiente comunicación entre médico-paciente y familiar que han contribuido al desafío de desarrollar medidas para proteger a esta población, al igual que al personal de salud que manejan casos pediátricos.  Al mismo tiempo, los niños con comorbilidades, s on vulnerables a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. La presente revisión intenta mostrar esta enfermedad desde el punto de vista pediátrico, para orientar en su diagnóstico y manejo.
Influências do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) sobre a vida profissional: um estudo de caso do PET Administração da UFAM
Authors: Cerquinho Ana Carolina , Silva Fabiula Meneguete Vides da
Published: October 2020

Com o intuito de melhorar o ensino superior, o Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) foi criado com base na indissociabilidade do tripé universitário de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O estudo apresentado teve como objetivo analisar as influências do PET Administração da UFAM na vida profissional de seus alunos egressos, sendo caracterizado como um estudo de caso. Para a estruturação, foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Diante dos resultados adquiridos, foi possível concluir que o PET Administração teve impactos positivos não somente na trajetória profissional dos entrevistados, mas também no seu amadurecimento enquanto indivíduos e acadêmicos, pois sendo um programa completo, proporciona experiências diferentes e atribui conhecimentos novos.
O trabalho docente sob a ótica dos professores de uma instituição da Rede federal de educação profissional científica e tecnológica
Authors: Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Monteiro , Neves Inajara de Salles Viana , Paschoalino Jussara Bueno de Queiroz , Rodrigues Solange
Published: October 2020

O escopo deste artigo é dar publicidade aos dados referentes à pesquisa do Observatório de Educação (OBEDUC) coletados em uma instituição vinculada à Rede Federal de Educação Profissional Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT) de Minas Gerais. Metodologicamente, iniciou-se com a elaboração de um estado do conhecimento sobre a formação/profissionalização e o trabalho docente que se estendeu por todo o período em que se desenvolveu o OBEDUC, ou seja, de 2010 a 2014. Após a aplicação do questionário, separaram-se os dados referentes ao trabalho docente, que foram cotejados com os aportes teóricos referentes ao tema. Dessa forma, este artigo se subdivide em três partes que, assim, se apresentam: a primeira consubstancia-se na concepção de trabalho, em que se privilegia a concepção crítico-dialética. Na segunda parte, são apresentados dados resultantes do OBEDUC atinentes a um campus do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG) e, por fim, são tecidas algumas considerações finais em relação ao que foi pesquisado.
Global modeling of cloud water acidity, precipitation acidity, and acid inputs to ecosystems
Authors: Shah Viral , Jacob Daniel J. , Moch Jonathan M. , Wang Xuan , Zhai Shixian
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Cloud water acidity affects the atmospheric chemistry of
sulfate and organic aerosol formation, halogen radical cycling, and trace
metal speciation. Precipitation acidity including post-depositional inputs
adversely affects soil and freshwater ecosystems. Here, we use the GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric chemistry to simulate the global distributions of
cloud water and precipitation acidity as well as the total acid inputs to
ecosystems from wet deposition. The model accounts for strong acids
(H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl), weak acids (HCOOH, CH3COOH,
CO2, and SO2), and weak bases (NH3 as well as dust and sea salt aerosol
alkalinity). We compile a global data set of cloud water pH measurements for
comparison with the model. The global mean observed cloud water pH is 5.2±0.9, compared to 5.0±0.8 in the model, with a range from 3 to
8 depending on the region. The lowest values are over East Asia, and the highest
values are over deserts. Cloud water pH over East Asia is low because of
large acid inputs (H2SO4 and HNO3), despite NH3 and dust
neutralizing 70 % of these inputs. Cloud water pH is typically 4–5 over
the US and Europe. Carboxylic acids account for less than 25 % of
cloud water H+ in the Northern Hemisphere on an annual basis but
25 %–50 % in the Southern Hemisphere and over 50 % in the southern
tropical continents, where they push the cloud water pH below 4.5.
Anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx (precursors of
H2SO4 and HNO3) are decreasing at northern midlatitudes, but
the effect on cloud water pH is strongly buffered by NH4+ and
carboxylic acids. The global mean precipitation pH is 5.5 in GEOS-Chem, which is
higher than the cloud water pH because of dilution and below-cloud scavenging
of NH3 and dust. GEOS-Chem successfully reproduces the annual mean
precipitation pH observations in North America, Europe, and eastern Asia.
Carboxylic acids, which are undetected in routine observations due to
biodegradation, lower the annual mean precipitation pH in these areas by 0.2
units. The acid wet deposition flux to terrestrial ecosystems taking into
account the acidifying potential of NO3- and NH4+ in
N-saturated ecosystems exceeds 50 meqm-2a-1 in East Asia and the
Americas, which would affect sensitive ecosystems. NH4+ is the
dominant acidifying species in wet deposition, contributing 41 % of the
global acid flux to continents under N-saturated conditions.
Model bias in simulating major chemical components of PM2.5 in China
Authors: Miao Ruqian , Chen Qi , Zheng Yan , Cheng Xi , Sun Yele , Palmer Paul I. , Shrivastava Manish , Guo Jianping , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yuhan , Tan Zhaofeng , Ma Xuefei , Chen Shiyi , Zeng Limin , Lu Keding , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: October 2020

Abstract. High concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter
with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) in China have caused
severe visibility degradation. Accurate simulations of PM2.5 and its
chemical components are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of
pollution control strategies and the health and climate impacts of air
pollution. In this study, we compared the GEOS-Chem model simulations with
comprehensive datasets for organic aerosol (OA), sulfate, nitrate, and
ammonium in China. Model results are evaluated spatially and temporally
against observations. The new OA scheme with a simplified secondary organic
aerosol (SOA) parameterization significantly improves the OA simulations in
polluted urban areas, highlighting the important contributions of
anthropogenic SOA from semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic
compounds. The model underestimates sulfate and overestimates nitrate for
most of the sites throughout the year. More significant underestimation of
sulfate occurs in winter, while the overestimation of nitrate is extremely
large in summer. The model is unable to capture some of the main features in
the diurnal pattern of the PM2.5 chemical components, suggesting
inaccuracies in the presented processes. Potential model adjustments that
may lead to a better representation of the boundary layer height, the
precursor emissions, hydroxyl radical concentrations, the heterogeneous
formation of sulfate and nitrate, and the wet deposition of nitric acid and
nitrate have been tested in the sensitivity analysis. The results show that
uncertainties in chemistry perhaps dominate the model biases. The proper
implementation of heterogeneous sulfate formation and the good estimates of
the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, hydroxyl radical, and aerosol liquid
water are essential for the improvement of the sulfate simulation. The
update of the heterogeneous uptake coefficient of nitrogen dioxide
significantly reduces the modeled concentrations of nitrate. However, the
large overestimation of nitrate concentrations remains in summer for all
tested cases. The possible bias in the chemical production and the wet
deposition of nitrate cannot fully explain the model overestimation of
nitrate, suggesting issues related to the atmospheric removal of nitric acid
and nitrate. A better understanding of the atmospheric nitrogen budget, in
particular, the role of the photolysis of particulate nitrate, is needed for
future model developments. Moreover, the results suggest that the remaining
underestimation of OA in the model is associated with the underrepresented
production of SOA.
Carbonaceous aerosol composition in air masses influenced by large-scale
biomass burning: a case-study in Northwestern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dac-Loc , Czech Hendryk , Pieber Simone M. , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Steinbacher Martin , Orasche Jürgen , Henne Stephan , Popovicheva Olga B. , Abbaszade Gülcin , Engling Günter , Bukowiecki Nicolas , Nguyen Nhat-Anh , Nguyen Xuan-Anh , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We investigated concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and a wide range of particle-bound organic compounds in daily sampled PM2.5 at the remote Pha Din (PDI) – Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) monitoring station in Northwestern Vietnam during an intense 3-week sampling campaign from 23rd March to 12th April 2015. The site is known to receive trans-regional air masses during large-scale biomass burning episodes, but OC composition studies are missing in the scientific literature. We quantified 51 organic compounds simultaneously by in-situ derivatization thermal desorption gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS). Anhydrosugars, methoxyphenols, n-alkanes, fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrophenols as well as OC were used in a hierarchical cluster analysis highlighting distinctive patterns for periods under low, medium and high biomass burning (BB) influence. The highest particle phase concentration of the typical primary organic aerosol (POA) and possible secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constituents, especially nitrophenols, were found on 5th and 6th April. We linked the trace gases CH4, CO2, CO, O3 mixing ratios to the statistical classification of BB events based on OA composition and found increased CO and O3 levels during medium and high BB influence. Likewise, a backward trajectory analysis indicates different source regions for the identified periods based on the OA cluster, with cleaner air masses arriving from northeast, i.e., mainland China and Yellow sea. The more polluted periods are characterized by trajectories from southwest, with more continental recirculation of the medium cluster, and more westerly advection for the high cluster. These findings highlight that BB activities in Northern Southeast Asia cannot only significantly enhance the regional organic aerosol loading, but also affect the carbonaceous PM2.5 constituents and the trace gases in northwestern Vietnam. The presented analysis adds valuable data on the carbonaceous and in particular OC chemical composition of PM2.5 in a region of scarce data availability.
The winter 2019 air pollution (PM2.5) measurement campaign in
Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Dale Ethan R. , Kremser Stefanie , Tradowsky Jordis S. , Bodeker Greg E. , Bird Leroy J. , Olivares Gustavo , Coulson Guy , Somervell Elizabeth , Pattinson Woodrow , Barte Jonathan , Schmidt Jan-Niklas , Abrahim Nariefa , McDonald Adrian J. , Kuma Peter
Published: October 2020

Abstract. MAPM (Mapping Air Pollution eMissions) is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from in situ PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, a winter field campaign was conducted in New Zealand in 2019 (June to September) to obtain the measurements required to test and validate the MAPM methodology. Two different types of instruments measuring PM were deployed: ES-642 remote dust monitors (17 instruments) and Outdoor Dust Information Nodes (ODINs; 50 instruments). The measurement campaign was bracketed by two intercomparisons where all instruments were co-located, with a permanently installed Tapered Element Oscillating Membrane (TEOM) instrument, to determine any instrument biases. Changes in biases between the pre- and post-campaign intercomparisons were used to determine instrument drift over the campaign period. Once deployed, each ES-642 was co-located with an ODIN. In addition to the PM measurements, meteorological variables (temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction) were measured at three automatic weather station (AWS) sites established as part of the campaign, with additional data being sourced from 27 further AWSs operated by other agencies. Vertical profile measurements were made in two intensive radiosonde sub-campaigns and were supplemented with measurements made with a mini micropulse lidar and ceilometer. Here we present the data collected during the campaign and discuss the correction of the measurements made by various PM instruments. We find that for while for the ODINs a correction based on environmental conditions is beneficial, this results in over-fitting and increased uncertainties when applied to the measurements obtained using the more sophisticated ES-642s. We also compare PM2.5 and PM10 measured by ODINs which, in some cases, allows us to identify PM from natural and anthropogenic sources. The PM data collected during the campaign are publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4023402 (Dale et. al., 2020b), the data from other instruments are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4021685 (Dale et. al., 2020a).
SCOPE 2.0: A model to simulate vegetated land surface fluxes and
satellite signals
Authors: Yang Peiqi , Prikaziuk Egor , Verhoef Wout , van der Tol Christiaan
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Soil Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model aims at linking satellite observations in the visible, infrared and thermal domains with land surface processes in a physically based manner, and quantifying the micro-climate in the canopy. It simulates radiative transfer in the soil, leaves and vegetation canopies, as well as photosynthesis and non-radiative heat dissipation through convection and mechanical turbulence. Since the first publication 11 years ago, SCOPE has been applied in remote sensing studies of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), energy balance fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) and directional thermal signals. Here we present a thoroughly revised version, SCOPE 2.0, which features a number of new elements: (1) It enables the definition of layers consisting of leaves with different properties, thus enabling the simulation of vegetation with an understory or with a vertical gradient in leaf chlorophyll concentration; (2) It enables the simulation of soil reflectance; (3) It includes the simulation of leaf and canopy reflectance changes induced by the xanthophyll cycle; and (4) The computation speed has been reduced by 90 % compared to earlier versions due to a fundamental optimization of the model. These new features improve the capability of the model to represent complex canopies and to explore the response of remote sensing signals to vegetation physiology. The improvements in the computational efficiency make it possible to use SCOPE 2.0 routinely for the simulation of satellite data and land surface fluxes. It also strengthens the operability for the numerical retrieval of land surface products from satellite or airborne data.
CLASSIC v1.0: the open-source community successor to the
Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) – Part 2: Global
Benchmarking
Authors: Seiler Christian , Melton Joe R. , Arora Vivek K. , Wang Libo
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) is an open source community model designed to address research questions that explore the role of the land surface in the global climate system. Here we evaluate how well CLASSIC reproduces the energy, water, and carbon cycle when forced with quasi-observed meteorological data. Model skill scores summarize how well model output agrees with observation-based reference data across multiple statistical metrics. A lack of agreement may be due to deficiencies in the model, its forcing data, and/or reference data. To address uncertainties in the forcing we evaluate an ensemble of CLASSIC runs that is based on three meteorological data sets. To account for observational uncertainty, we compute benchmark skill scores that quantify the level of agreement among independent reference data sets. The benchmark scores demonstrate what score values a model may realistically achieve given the uncertainties in the observations. Our results show that uncertainties associated with the forcing and observations are considerably large. For instance, for 10 out of 19 variables assessed in this study, the sign of the bias changes depending on what forcing and reference data are used. Benchmark scores are much lower than expected, implying large observational uncertainties. Model and benchmark score values are mostly similar, indicating that CLASSIC performs well when considering observational uncertainty. Using the difference between model and benchmark scores as a measure of performance shows that model skill increases in the following order: fractional area burned, runoff, soil heat flux, leaf area index, net shortwave radiation, net ecosystem exchange, above-ground biomass, gross primary productivity, surface albedo, snow water equivalent, net surface radiation, sensible heat flux, net longwave radiation, latent heat flux, and ecosystem respiration. Our results will serve as a baseline for guiding and monitoring future CLASSIC development.
HESS Opinions: Unsaturated infiltration: from unproven capillary
flow to viscous flow
Authors: Germann Peter
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Briggs (1897) deduced capillary flow from deviation of the equilibrium between capillarity and gravity. Richards (1931) raised capillary flow to an unproven soil hydrological dogma. Apparent corrections of the dogma led to non-equilibrium flow, macropore flow, and preferential flow during infiltration. Viscous flow is proposed as alternative to capillary flow during unsaturated infiltration.
Benchmarking an operational hydrological model for providing
seasonal forecasts in Sweden
Authors: Girons Lopez Marc , Crochemore Louise , Pechlivanidis Ilias G.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic seasonal forecasts are important for many water-intensive activities requiring long-term planning. Among the different techniques used for seasonal forecasting, the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach has long been employed due to the singular dependence on past meteorological records. The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute is currently extending the use of long-range forecasts within its operational warning service, which requires a thorough analysis of the suitability and applicability of different methods with the national S-HYPE hydrological model. To this end, we aim to evaluate the skill of ESP forecasts over 39,493 catchments in Sweden, understand their spatiotemporal patterns, and explore the main hydrological processes driving forecast skill. We found that ESP forecasts are generally skilful for most of the country up to 3 months into the future but that large spatiotemporal variations exist. Forecasts are most skilful during the winter months in northern Sweden, except for the highly-regulated hydropower-producing rivers. The relationships between forecast skill and 15 different hydrological signatures show that forecasts are most skilful for slowly-reacting, baseflow-dominated catchments and least skilful for flashy catchments. Finally, we show that forecast skill patterns can be spatially clustered in 7 unique regions with similar hydrological behaviour. Overall, these results contribute to identify in which areas, seasons, and how long into the future ESP hydrological forecasts provide an added value, not only for the national forecasting and warning service but, most importantly, to guide decision-making in critical services such as hydropower management and risk reduction.
Quantification of Continuous Flood Hazard using Random Forrest
Classification and Flood Insurance Claims at Large Spatial Scales:
A Pilot Study in Southeast Texas
Authors: Mobley William , Sebastian Antonia , Blessing Russell , Highfield Wesley E. , Stearns Laura , Brody Samuel D.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Pre-disaster planning and mitigation necessitates detailed spatial information about flood hazards and their associated risks. In the U.S., the FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) provides important information about areas subject to flooding during the 1 % riverine or coastal event. The binary nature of flood hazard maps obscures the distribution of property risk inside of the SFHA and the residual risk outside of the SFHA, which can undermine mitigation efforts. Machine-learning techniques provide an alternative approach to estimating flood hazards across large spatial scales at low computational expense. This study presents a pilot study for the Texas Gulf Coast Region using Random Forest Classification to predict flood probability across a 30,523 km2 area. Using a record of National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) claims dating back to 1976 and high-resolution geospatial data, we generate a continuous flood hazard map for twelve USGS HUC-8 watersheds. Results indicate that the Random Forest model predicts flooding with a high sensitivity (AUC 0.895), especially compared to the existing FEMA regulatory floodplain. Our model identifies 649,000 structures with at least a 1 % annual chance of flooding, roughly three times more than are currently identified by FEMA as flood prone.
Technical note: A sensitivity analysis from 1 to 40 GHz for observing
the Arctic Ocean with the Copernicus Imaging Microwave
Radiometer
Authors: Kilic Lise , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos , Donlon Craig
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) is one of the high priority missions for the expansion of the Copernicus program within the European Space Agency (ESA). It is designed to respond to the European Union Arctic policy. Its channels, incidence angle, precisions, and spatial resolutions have been selected to observe the Arctic Ocean with the recommendations expressed by the user communities. In this note, we present the sensitivity analysis that has led to the choice of the CIMR channels. The famous figure from Wilheit (1979), describing the frequency sensitivity of passive microwave satellite observations to ocean parameters, has been extensively used for channel selection of microwave radiometer frequencies on board oceanic satellite missions. Here, we propose to update this sensitivity analysis, using state-of-the-art radiative transfer simulations for different geophysical conditions (Arctic, mid-latitude, Tropics). We used the Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) from Meissner and Wentz (2012) for the ocean surface, the Round Robin Data Package of the ESA Climate Change Initiative (Pedersen et al., 2019) for the sea ice, and the RTM from Rosenkranz (2017) for the atmosphere. The sensitivities of the brightness temperatures (TBs) observed by CIMR as a function of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), Sea Ice Concentration (SIC), Ocean Wind Speed (OWS), Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV), and Total Column Liquid Water (TCLW) are presented as a function of frequency between 1 to 40 GHz. The analysis underlines the difficulty to reach the user requirements with single channel retrieval, especially under cold ocean conditions. With simultaneous measurements between 1.4 and 36 GHz onboard CIMR, applying multi-channel algorithms will be facilitated, to provide the user community with the required ocean and ice information under arctic environments.
Significant water vapor fluxes from the Greenland Ice Sheet detected
through water vapor isotopic (δ18O, δD, deuterium excess) measurements
Authors: Kopec Ben G. , Akers Pete D. , Klein Eric S. , Welker Jeffery M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The summer of 2019 was marked by an extensive early onset of surface melt and record volume losses of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), which is part of a larger trend of increasing melt over time. Given the growing spatial extent of melt, the flux of water vapor from the ice to the atmosphere is becoming an increasingly important component of the GrIS mass balance that merits investigation and quantification. We examine the isotopic composition of water vapor from Thule Air Base, NW Greenland, particularly the deuterium excess (d-excess), to quantify the magnitude of GrIS vapor fluxes. To do this, we observe only water vapor transported off the ice sheet (i.e., when easterly winds occur) and during the active melt season. We find that the GrIS-derived water vapor d-excess values are controlled by two main factors: 1) the d-excess of the sublimating vapor, which is determined, in part, by the relative humidity and wind speed above the ice sheet, and 2) the proportion of sublimation- vs. marine-sourced moisture. Here, the GrIS melt extent serves as a proxy for the sublimation source and the North Atlantic Oscillation provides a measure of the meridional transport of marine moisture. We demonstrate that sublimation contributes ~20 % of the water vapor transported from the GrIS during the melt season. Sublimation is thus an important component of GrIS mass balance and the regional hydrologic cycle, and this flux will become more important in the coming years as further warming continues GrIS negative mass balance trends.
An Additive Simple View of Reading Describesthe Performance of Good and Poor Readersin Higher Education
Authors: Savage Robert , Wolforth Joan
Published: October 2020

According to Gough and Tunmer (1986), in a ‘Simple View of Reading’ (SVR), Reading comprehension (RC) = Decoding (D) x Linguistic Comprehension (C).To further evaluate this model, this paper describes an exploratory study of the performance of 60 university students, the majority of whom received academic accommodations at university to compensate for significant reading delays. Results showed that both D and C predicted reading comprehension well. An additive model (D + C) fitted the data no better than a product model (D x C). Similar results were obtained when cumulative grade point average rather than reading comprehension was used as the dependent variable. D but not RC was correlated with phonological awareness and (less reliably) with rapid naming ability. Implications of these findings for the Simple View of Reading and for the support of university students with reading problems are considered.
The Optimistic Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Studentswith Learning Disabilities
Authors: Klassen Robert M
Published: October 2020

This article reviews three studies that provide evidence that students with learning disabilities (LD) display optimistic academic self-beliefs, even in the face of relatively poor academic performance. In the fi rst study, a quantitative approach was used to explore the spelling and writing self-effi cacy of 133 adolescents with and without LD. Students with LD over-estimated their performance in spelling and writing. In the second study, a series of interviews with 28 adolescents with LD and 7 specialist LD teachers revealed that the students viewed themselves as low in academic optimism, whereas the teachers viewed the students as overly optimistic about academic tasks. A third study explored the academic motivation and procrastination of 208 undergraduates with and without LD, and found students with LD had moderate levels of optimism about academic tasks, but lower levels of optimism about self-regulatory capabilities. The paper concludes with a presentation of common and emergent themes from the three studies, and offers recommendations for practitioners and avenues for future research.
Work-based Learning for Adolescentswith Learning Disabilities:Creating a Context for Success
Authors: Versnel Joan , Hutchinson Nancy L , Munby Hugh , Chin Peter
Published: October 2020

This paper describes cases of two adolescents with learning disabilities working in automotive repair businesses as part of a workbased education program. Neither adolescent was judged to have been successful by the workplace supervisors. The frameworks chosen for analyzing these cases draw upon recent work in selfdetermination, workplace learning, and negotiating accommodations for workers with disabilities. Data for the qualitative cases consist of interviews and detailed observations. Analysis, using a contextualist perspective, provides descriptions of the contexts for the two co-operative education placements and yields four themes that appear central to success in work-based education experiences for adolescents with learning disabilities: negotiating accommodations, routines, expectations, and preparation.
When Your “Problem” Becomes Mine: Adult Female Siblings’ Perspectives of Having a Brother with a Disability
Authors: Pompeo Michelle N
Published: October 2020

This study is a retrospective look at adult female siblings’ perspectives of their childhoods and present identities based on having a brother with a disability. This paper focuses on siblings’ experiences within educational and public domains, and how such experiences have shaped their personalities and career choices. Qualitative findings were organized into four central themes, each with subcate-gories: (a) Siblings’ Fear and Worries, in-school bullying, school friends coming to the home; (b) Anger and Resentment, towards the perceived advantages of hav-ing a disability, towards teachers; (c) Positive Impacts, acceptance of others in varied public contexts, advocacy; and (d) Career Choices, entering the teaching profession. Findings are discussed in relation to both the emotional and educa-tional significance for siblings.
Establishing Inclusion in a New School: The Role of Principal Leadership
Authors: Ryan James
Published: October 2020

This article describes a study that documents the attempts of administrators of a new school to introduce and sustain inclusive leadership and program arrange-ments over the course of the first 3 years of the school’s life. The data illustrate that while they were able to succeed on a number of levels, they also encountered a number of challenges. Principal among these were the departure of the first principal after the second year, a rapid increase in the school population, as well as the challenges that accompany most schools when they attempt to implement inclusive practices.
School Roles: A Way to Investigate Participation
Authors: Specht Jacqueline A , King Gillian A , Servais Michelle , Kertoy Marilyn , Spencer Terry
Published: October 2020

Students who are more engaged in school have higher academic achievement, lower dropout rates, and increased involvement in activities during early adult-hood. Unfortunately, children with disabilities participate less than children without disabilities, thus increasing their risk for depression and anxiety. This study investigated the lack of school participation from a roles perspective. Roles refer to clusters of meaningful activities that are expected of, and assumed by, in-dividuals in various contexts of their lives. Fifteen teachers from Southern Ontario, Canada, were interviewed about the roles in which children participate in school and 24 students in grades 4 through 7 were observed in order to deter-mine the roles in which they engaged. Overall, students with disabilities engaged in less positive roles (Challenged Learner; Victim; Bully), while students without disabilities engaged in more positive roles (Independent Learner; Nurturer; Friend). Ideas for improving participation through role identity and engagement are discussed.
Evaluation of Social and Academic Effects of School-wide Positive Behaviour Support in a Canadian School District
Authors: McIntosh Kent , Bennett Johanna L , Price Kathy
Published: October 2020

This article discusses School-wide Positive Behaviour Support (SWPBS), an evi-dence-based approach to teaching social competencies and enhancing the school social environment. The focus of this article is on the value of evaluation and evaluation plans at a district level for maintaining and increasing the effective-ness of SWPBS in a district. We review the key components of evaluation plans and describe a framework for creating evaluation plans created for British Co-lumbia. We also provide an example of the evaluation efforts using this framework in a medium sized school district in British Columbia. Results showed decreased levels of problem behaviour, decreased numbers of students at risk for significant behaviour challenges, and increased academic achievement and stu-dent perceptions of school safety for schools implementing SWPBS, in comparison to low implementing schools and district and provincial averages.
Toward a Unified System of Education: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Lupart Judy L
Published: October 2020

This special issue provides a selective overview of topics associated with a pre-dominant trend in Canadian and U.S. schools: moving from a dual system of education in which special education and regular education services are carried out separately, to an effective unified system of service delivery for all students (Stainback, Stainback, & Bunch, 1989). Even though much of the impetus for change has come from proponents in special education (Lipsky & Gartner, 1989; Porter & Richler, 1991; Villa, Thousand, Stainback, & Stainback, 1992), there is increasing evidence that general education reform and school improvement agendas are beginning to take hold (Barth, 1991; Smith & Scott, 1990). The chal-lenge of creating school environments that promote excellence and equity is daunting but not impossible, and some of the preliminary efforts in this area are very promising. The focus of this special issue is on some of the significant work that is being carried out across the country to support this change. Although the range of topics is diverse, all papers are concerned with the complex problems associated with providing every student (particularly students with exceptional learning needs) an appropriate education that enables each to reach maximal potential.
Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about the Inclusion of Students with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Montgomery Angela , Mirenda Pat
Published: October 2020

This study examined relationships between three factors related to teacher self-efficacy (use of inclusive instruction, collaboration with others, and managing disruptive behaviour) and practicing teachers’ sentiments, attitudes, and concerns about inclusive education of students with developmental disabilities. We calculated Pearson product-moment correlations to examine individual associations and conducted a series of multiple regression analyses to determine which associated factors, when considered simultaneously, were most predictive. Results indicated that higher self-efficacy for collaboration was the only predictor associated with more positive sentiments and attitudes and with fewer concerns about inclusive education for students with developmental disabilities. The results replicate the findings of a previous study on this topic and highlight the importance of both pre- and in-service education aimed at providing educators with dispositions and skills related to effective collaboration with parents and other members of a school-based team.
Universal Design for Instruction and Learning: A Pilot Study of Faculty Instructional Methods and Attitudes Related to Students with Disabilities in Higher Education
Authors: Black R David , Weinberg Lois A , Brodwin Martin G
Published: October 2020

Universal design in the education setting is a framework of instruction that aims to be inclusive of different learners to reduce barriers for all students, including those with disabilities. We used the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL focuses on the learner) and Universal Design for Instruction (UDI focuses on instruction) as the basis for this study. The purposes of this study were to determine if faculty were incorporating UDI/UDL into their instruction, and their attitudes toward students with disabilities, as these could be barriers to learning. The study revealed that some faculty were incorporating principles of UDI/UDL into their instruction, the variety of methods used varied, and faculty attitudes still create barriers to an equitable educational environment for students with disabilities. More education and training is needed in working with students with disabilities and adapting teaching methods for these students using UDI/UDL.
Bringing Trauma to School: Sharing the Educational Experience of Three Youths
Authors: Dods Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Experiencing a traumatic event can impact students’ well-being and jeopardize their academic achievement and social-emotional health. A quarter of all students will experience a traumatic life event before they graduate from high school (Costello, Erkanli, Fairbank, & Angold, 2002), necessitating an understanding of how trauma affects students in the school context. This paper brings the perspectives of three youths to the forefront and explores their educational experiences and their perception of the role schools play in supporting students who bring trauma to school. A qualitative case study design and personal interviews with the youth led to the findings reported here. The presentation and management of the trauma and resulting stress differed among participants, and overall school experiences ranged from very negative to very positive. Participants were more unified in their perceptions of what they wanted from schools and the role that school could play. Themes across cases emphasized the importance of teacher driven, supportive, caring relationships, and the need for schools to focus on student well-being as well as academic functioning. The protective nature of school connectedness, in increasing engagement and decreasing at-risk behaviours and emotional distress (Blum, 2005; Bond et al., 2007; Klem & Connell, 2004; McNeeley, Nonnemaker, & Blum, 2002), holds promise for students with traumatic stress.