bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Drug Events from First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Jorge Marie Joyce , Esporlas Christian Bernard , Largoza Marie Louise Emille , Zamora Rosally
Published: December 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines since 2018. However, adverse drug reactions (ADR) from first-line anti-tuberculosis medications such as rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol cause significant impact on treatment adherence. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ADRs among patients treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis medications at a Philippine Department of Health tertiary medical centre.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, rifampicin-susceptible patients undergoing first-line anti-TB treatment enrolled in the Tuberculosis-Directly Observed Treatment Strategy at the East Avenue Medical Centre, Quezon City, Philippines, were included.Pertinent data obtained from chart review included sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, duration of treatment prior to the appearance of adverse drug reactions, type of ADRs, TB medication causing the ADR, and treatment outcomes.

Results: A total of 524 patients treated with first-line anti-TB treatment were identified, with 46 (8.78%) noted to have ADRs to the treatment regimen. Most reaction types included mild or localised skin reactions (34.8%), severe skin rash secondary to hypersensitivity (32.6%), and jaundice due to hepatitis (21.7%). Reaction to more than one medication was seen in 89.1% of patients with ADRs, with rifampicin having the highest frequency of ADR (4.3%) among the anti-TB medications.

Conclusion: The incidence of ADRs among patients treated with first-line anti-TB medications at East Avenue Medical Centre in the Tuberculosis-Directly Observed Treatment Strategy is frequent and comparable to other relevant study populations. A larger sample size and exploration of other methodological studies are recommended to further expand on this study.
Clinical Applications of Hyperpolarised Xenon-129 MRI
Authors: Ng Kher Lik , Grist James , Gleeson Fergus , Fraser Emily
Published: December 2024

Conventional imaging modalities, the X-ray and CT, are essential diagnostic tools in respiratory medicine, providing qualitative information regarding the pattern and extent of pulmonary pathology. Neither provide information regarding the functional impact of pulmonary diseases and additional investigations are required to assess this. Hyperpolarised xenon-129 MRI (HPX-MRI) is a non-invasive, ionising-free imaging modality that can provide functional measurements of ventilation and diffusion within the lung. The MRI-based technique involves the subject breathing in an inert gas that has been hyperpolarised to make it visible using MR spectroscopy. The gas mirrors the flow of oxygen through the bronchial tree, across the alveolar membrane, and into the pulmonary capillaries, and thus disruptions in the passage of gas due to ventilation and diffusion abnormalities can be visualised and quantified. Functional measurements of ventilation and gas exchange within regional areas of the lung can be obtained. HPX-MRI has the potential to detect early lung disease not yet evident using standard investigations and has been shown to be a sensitive modality to assess treatment responses. The role of HPX-MRI in respiratory medicine has the potential to be wide-reaching, but to date it remains largely a research tool. This review article summarises the current and possible future clinical applications of HPX-MRI in the investigation and management of lung diseases, pitched at a level comprehensible and relevant to the respiratory-focused clinicians.
Proprioceptive re-education and reathletization in outcomes of ankle dislocation
Authors: Barbato Claudia , Bellomo Rosa Grazia , Bellomo Rosa Grazia , Bruni Danilo , Montironi Federica , Coppola Roberto
Published: December 2024

L'instabilità della caviglia è una condizione in cui il paziente avverte una sensazione di incapacità di sopportare il peso e frequenti episodi di cedimento della caviglia durante la camminata o la corsa. Questa condizione è dovuta principalmente alla rottura dei legamenti della caviglia, più comunemente i legamenti laterali, che perdono la loro capacità di stabilizzare le ossa della caviglia, con conseguente compromissione della funzione durante il movimento (Vega J. et al., 2018). L'instabilità cronica della caviglia può essere attribuita alla lassità legamentosa congenita, ma è più spesso la conseguenza di una o più distorsioni trattate in modo inadeguato o sottovalutate (Menna M., 2020). Questo studio si è concentrato su individui fisicamente attivi e atleti di varie discipline e gruppi di età, poiché è stato riscontrato che l'instabilità cronica della caviglia ha un'incidenza significativa sia negli infortuni sportivi che in quelli non sportivi. Sebbene limitati dalla dimensione del campione, i risultati di questo studio forniscono un punto di partenza per la ricerca futura, in cui potrebbe essere preso in considerazione un campione ampliato e l'inclusione di un gruppo di controllo che non riceve alcun trattamento. In conclusione, sulla base dei risultati attuali, si raccomanda un approccio integrato alla cura del paziente, che preveda non solo la fisioterapia con l'uso del SynergyMatt ma anche un programma di attività motoria personalizzato in base alle specifiche esigenze del paziente.
Association of trabecular bone score corrected for tissue thickness with glucose metabolism in acromegaly
Authors: Kužma Martin , Vaňuga Peter , Pávai Dušan , Killinger Zdenko , Hans Didier , Binkley Neil , Payer Juraj , Jackuliak Peter
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Acromegaly is associated with increased vertebral fracture (VF) risk regardless of bone mineral density (BMD). However, the vertebral trabecular compartment is still low; a possible contributor to this may be impaired glucose metabolism (GM) which frequently complicates acromegaly. Additionally, soft tissue thickness may confound bone imaging in acromegaly patients.

Objective

This study aims to assess the association of GM with BMD, trabecular bone score adjusted for BMI (TBSBMI), and trabecular bone score adjusted for tissue thickness (TBSTT) among acromegaly subjects.

Patients and methods

A cross-sectional study was performed among 70 consecutive acromegaly patients (24 male/46 female, aged 55.1 years) divided in two subgroups: abnormal GM (n = 35) and normal GM (n = 35). Using DXA, BMD, TBSBMI, TBSTT, and VF screening were performed.

Results

In all subjects, TBSTT was higher (mean 9.5%) than TBSBMI. Abnormal GM subjects had lower TBSBMI (1.166 ± 0.15) than normal GM subjects (1.232 ± 0.12; p < 0.05). No between-group difference in TBSTT or BMD was observed. In a multiple regression model, the best predictor of TBSTT was HbA1c (p = 0.002). None of the DXA measures or GM parameters was a significant predictor of VF (n = 7).

Conclusion

The abnormal GM acromegaly subjects had lower TBSBMI than those with normal GM. TBSTT was higher than TBSBMI, and no between-group difference based on GM status was observed. TBSTT was significantly associated with GM parameters, notably HbA1c. The relationship of TBSTT with GM parameters may imply an effect of GM on trabecular bone microstructure in patients with acromegaly; a further study is indicated.
Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles and infected cell exosomes: new players in host immune modulation and pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Xiuping , Wang Jianjun , Mao Lingxiang , Yao Yongliang
Published: December 2024

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and exosomes are essential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. Elucidating their mechanisms of action offers valuable insights into diagnosing and treating infectious diseases and cancers. However, the specific interactions of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with host cells via OMVs and exosomes in modulating host immune responses have not been thoroughly investigated. This review explores how these vesicles elicit inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses in the host environment, facilitate pathogen invasion of host cells, and enable evasion of host defenses, thereby contributing to the progression of gastric diseases and extra-gastric diseases disseminated through the bloodstream. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions for investigating OMVs and exosomes, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets in H. pylori-associated diseases.
Spatiotemporal distribution and reproductive biology of the brown croaker (Miichthys miiuy) in the southwestern waters of Korea
Authors: Moon Seong Yong , Baeck Gun Wook , Jung Jin Ho , Choi Haeyoung , Kim Changsin , Koo Myung Sung , Park Jeong-Ho
Published: December 2024

Background

The brown croaker, Miichthys miiuy, is an economically important fish species in Korean waters. Research on the spawning ecology of M. miiuy in Korea has primarily focused on specimens from the southwestern waters, assessing parameters, such as spawning season and mature body length through histological examination. However, a comprehensive histological analysis across various body sizes during the spawning season is imperative to accurately ascertain these factors, as well as for efficient resource management amidst potential environmental variations. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and reproductive biology of M. miiuy in the southwestern waters of Korea.

Methods

Monthly changes in gonadal maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, and fecundity were analyzed. Additionally, total length at sexual maturity at 50%, 75%, and 97.5%, as well as the sex ratio, were determined.

Results

M. miiuy, captured using offshore gillnets and stow nets, exhibited a seasonal migration pattern: a winter presence near Jeju Island, followed by a northward movement in spring, a summer shift to the shallow waters of Shinan, and an autumnal migration to the waters around Jeju Island for overwintering. The overall female-to-male sex ratio was 1:0.8. GSI values peaked in September and August for both sexes; however, microscopic analysis of gonadal tissue revealed a spawning period from July to September 2023, with the primary spawning season for the entire population occurring in August and September. The fork length at 50% maturity was 57.4 cm for females and 54.6 cm for males.

Conclusion

Overall, these results suggest an earlier shift in the spawning period of brown croakers in the southwestern waters of Korea compared to past observations. This shift is potentially attributable to higher water temperatures, increased resource levels, and alterations in the species composition of major prey items in the spawning grounds. Further research is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the reproductive ecology of this important fish species.
Bacteriophage as a novel therapeutic approach for killing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 clone
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Md , Kim Shukho , Kim Jungmin
Published: December 2024

The emergence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli ST131 clone has significantly impacted public health. With traditional antibiotics becoming less effective against MDR bacteria, there is an urgent need for alternative treatment options. This study aimed to isolate and characterize four lytic phages (EC.W2-1, EC.W2-6, EC.W13-3, and EC.W14-3) from hospital sewage water and determine their effectiveness against the ST131 clone. These phages demonstrated a broad host range, effectively lysing 94.4% of highly pathogenic E. coli ST131 isolates. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis indicate that EC.W2-1, and EC.W13-3 belong to the Tequatrovirus genus in the Straboviridae family, while EC.W2-6 and EC.W14-3 are part of the Kuravirus genus in the Podoviridae family. Phages remained stable at pH 2–10 for 4 h and below 80°C for 1 h. These four phages showed in vitro bacterial lytic activity at various MOIs (0.1–0.001). The one-step growth curve of phages exhibited a short latent period of approximately 10–20 min and a moderate burst size of 50–80 (pfu/cell). Phages’ genome size ranged from 46,325–113,909 bp, with G + C content of 35.1 –38.3%. No virulence or drug resistance genes were found, which enhanced their safety profile. In vivo, EC.W2-6 and EC.W13.3, along with their cocktail, fully protected against the ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 infection model in vivo. Combining these phages and a 3-day repeated single phage, EC.W13-3 significantly enhanced the survival rate of E. coli ST131 infected mice at low MOI (0.01–0.001). The in vivo effectiveness of the isolated phages and the EC.W2-6 and EC.W14-3 cocktail in highly reducing bacterial load CFU/g in multiple organs strongly supports their potential efficacy. Based on in vivo, in vitro, and genomic analyses, phages have been proposed as novel and suitable candidates for killing the pandemic ST131 clone.
Physiological relevance, localization and substrate specificity of the alternative (type II) mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases of Ogataea parapolymorpha
Authors: Juergens Hannes , Mielgo-Gómez Álvaro , Godoy-Hernández Albert , ter Horst Jolanda , Nijenhuis Janine M. , McMillan Duncan G. G. , Mans Robert
Published: December 2024

Mitochondria from Ogataea parapolymorpha harbor a branched electron-transport chain containing a proton-pumping Complex I NADH dehydrogenase and three Type II NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2). To investigate the physiological role, localization and substrate specificity of these enzymes, the growth of various NADH dehydrogenase knockout mutants was quantitatively characterized in shake-flask and chemostat cultures, followed by oxygen-uptake experiments with isolated mitochondria. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreduction of the three NDH-2 were individually assessed. Our findings reveal that the O. parapolymorpha respiratory chain contains an internal NADH-accepting NDH-2 (Ndh2-1/OpNdi1), at least one external NAD(P)H-accepting enzyme, and likely additional mechanisms for respiration-linked oxidation of cytosolic NADH. Metabolic regulation appears to prevent competition between OpNdi1 and Complex I for mitochondrial NADH. With the exception of OpNdi1, the respiratory chain of O. parapolymorpha exhibits metabolic redundancy and tolerates deletion of multiple NADH-dehydrogenase genes without compromising fully respiratory metabolism.
Effects of osthole and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the physiological growth of Panax quinquefolius in a forest
Authors: Jiang Jinhui , Fan Guangxiong , Wen Rong , Liu Tao , He Shuran , Yang Shengchao , Zi Shuhui
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The biological activities of osthole have been widely reported in recent years. However, few studies have been conducted on osthole in agriculture, and its effects on plant growth have little been reported.

Methods

Three experimental treatments were set up in this experiment: blank control (CK), osthole (CLS), and B. amyloliquefaciens (LKWS). In this study, the effects of osthole and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth parameters, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, disease incidence, and microbiome of forested P. quinquefolius were tested.

Results

This study demonstrates that the use of osthole and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly improved the growth of Panax quinquefolius in a forest compared to that in the control treatment, increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of P. quinquefolius, significantly increased its net photosynthetic rate, and decreased the stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 levels. In addition, the use of osthole and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly improved ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase (POD) activities, enhanced antioxidant activities of the P. quinquefolius POD, and reduced the disease incidence and index of American ginseng anthracnose. Based on the American ginseng microbiome analysis, the use of osthole and B. amyloliquefaciens could change the structure of the American ginseng microbial community, significantly increase the diversity of American ginseng bacteria, significantly decrease the diversity of American ginseng fungi, stimulate the recruitment of more growth-promoting microorganisms to American ginseng, and build a more stable microbial network in American ginseng.

Discussion

In conclusion, we found that the application of osthole had a positive effect on the growth of American ginseng, providing a theoretical basis for its subsequent application in agriculture.
Association between plasma trans fatty acid levels and rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study using NHANES 1999–2000 and 2009–2010 data in US adults
Authors: Li Tanjian , Jiang Na , Liang Xin , Li Xinya , Li Yaqin , Huang Yuting , Wang Yu
Published: December 2024

Objective

While earlier research has indicated that trans fatty acids (TFAs) are detrimental to cardiovascular health as well as other conditions, the purpose of this study is to look into any possible connections between trans fatty acids and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

The NHANES database provided the data for this study, covering two periods: 1999–2000 and 2009–2010. The correlation between plasma TFAs (linolelaidic acid, vaccenic acid, palmitelaidic acid, and elaidic acid) and RA was examined using weighted univariate and multivariate regression analyses as well as analysis of subgroups. Additionally, this study used restricted cubic spline curves to investigate the non-linear relationship between them.

Results

This study included 2,938 patients, of whom 222 (7.56%) had RA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of linolelaidic acid were linked to a higher risk of RA (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.85, p = 0.025) after accounting for all other variables. No significant effect on this association was found in interaction tests. A linear association between linolelaidic acid and RA was demonstrated in the limited cubic spline regression model. For RA, linolelaidic acid exhibited a critical value of 0.98.

Conclusion

Findings suggesting a possible link between elevated plasma TFA levels and an increased risk of RA offer fresh perspectives on RA prevention through dietary interventions.
Human milk microbiota and oligosaccharides in colostrum and mature milk: comparison and correlation
Authors: Ge Hongda , Zhu Wenxiu , Zhang Jing , Wang Zijing , Shi Huijing , Sun Jie , Shi Ming
Published: December 2024

Background

The interaction between the human breast milk microbiota and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) plays a crucial role in the healthy growth and development of infants. We aimed to clarify the link between the breast milk microbiota and HMOs at two stages of lactation.

Methods

The microbiota and HMOs of 20 colostrum samples (C group, 1–5 days postpartum) and 20 mature milk samples (S group, 42 days postpartum) collected from postpartum mothers were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Result

The total average HMO content was significantly higher in the C group than in the S group (6.76 ± 1.40 g/L vs. 10.27 ± 2.00 g/L, p < 0.05). Among the HMOs, the average values of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL, 1.64 ± 1.54 g/L vs. 3.03 ± 1.79 g/L), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL, 0.10 ± 0.02 g/L vs. 0.21 ± 0.06), 6′-SL (0.22 ± 0.09 g/L vs. 0.33 ± 0.11 g/L), and lacto-N-triaose 2 (LNT2, 0.03 ± 0.01 g/L vs. 0.16 ± 0.08 g/L) were significantly lower in the S group than in the C group (p < 0.05), while that of 3′-FL was significantly higher in the S group than in the C group (1.35 ± 1.00 g/L vs. 0.41 ± 0.43 g/L, p < 0.05). The diversity and structure of the microbiota in the S and C groups were also significantly different (p < 0.05). Comparative analysis of the microbial communities revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla, in both groups, with the keystone species (Serratia, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus) of breast milk closely interacting with HMOs, including 3′-SL, 6′-SL, and LNT2. In PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis, the S group exhibited significant reduction in the expression of genes involved in several infectious disease pathways.

Discussion

Our findings support the recognition of human milk as a synbiotic comprising beneficial bacteria and prebiotic HMOs.
Worldview, psychological flexibility, and depression-anxiety-stress in Chinese youth
Authors: Cheng Sheng-Li , Zhang Xin , Zhao Chenxu , Li Yun , Liu Shushan , Cheng Sanyin
Published: December 2024

Background

The psychological problems among the youth population have received widespread attention in the information age. However, little research has been conducted on the effects and mechanisms of worldview on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among youth. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between worldview and DAS among youth.

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the current state of worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS in Chinese youth groups, and to explore the relationship between youth worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS.

Methods

A total of 2,351 Chinese youths completed questionnaires measuring their worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS levels. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

The impact of youth worldview on DAS was sophisticated. Positive worldview had a negative direct predictive effect on DAS, as well as a negative indirect predictive effect mediated by psychological flexibility. Traditional worldview had a positive direct predictive effect on DAS, a negative indirect predictive effect mediated by psychological flexibility, and a positive total predictive effect. Spontaneous worldview only had positive indirect predictive effects on DAS. Pessimistic worldview had positive direct effects on DAS and indirect effects mediated by psychological flexibility. Policymakers, psychologists, and educators working with youth should carefully consider the implications of these results for education, employment, and mental health.
Impact of climate change on women mental health in rural hinterland of Pakistan
Authors: Daraz Umar , Khan Younas , Alsawalqa Rula Odeh , Alrawashdeh Maissa N. , Alnajdawi Ann Mousa
Published: December 2024

Background

Climate change significantly impacts global well-being, with rural and agricultural communities, particularly women, bearing a disproportionate burden. In Pakistan’s Malakand Division, women face increased mental health challenges due to environmental stressors such as temperature rise, extreme weather, and environmental degradation. These stressors are expected to exacerbate issues like stress, anxiety, and depression. Understanding their effects on rural women’s mental health is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies.

Methodology

This study employs quantitative methodologies to assess the impact of climate change on the mental health of rural women in Malakand Division, focusing on Dir Upper, Dir Lower, and Shangla districts. A cross-sectional design was used, with a sample size of 600 women selected through multistage cluster sampling for geographic representation. Data were collected using structured questionnaires addressing stress, anxiety, and community dynamics. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), ANOVA, and logistic regression.

Results

The results revealed that climate change factors—temperature increase (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), extreme weather events (β = 0.36, p < 0.01), precipitation changes (β = 0.31, p < 0.05), and environmental degradation (β = 0.28, p < 0.05)—significantly impacted rural women’s mental health. High levels of stress (72%), anxiety (68%), and depression (56%) were reported. Social support (β = -0.45, p < 0.01), community cohesion (β = -0.37, p < 0.05), access to resources (β = -0.39, p < 0.01), and cultural norms (β = -0.33, p < 0.05) were key factors mitigating the effects of climate stress. Gender disparities were evident, with women showing higher mental health challenges compared to men in similar conditions.

Conclusion

The study concludes that climate change significantly exacerbates mental health issues for rural women. It highlights the need for gender-sensitive, community-based interventions that address both climate adaptation and mental health. Strengthening community resilience, improving access to resources, and investing in healthcare and education are vital for enhancing well-being in the face of climate change.
Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the PHQ-9, based on a representative German sample
Authors: Kliem Sören , Sachser Cedric , Lohmann Anna , Baier Dirk , Brähler Elmar , Gündel Harald , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: December 2024

Background

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a popular tool for assessing depressive symptoms in both general and clinical populations. The present study used a large representative sample of the German adult population to confirm desired psychometric functioning and to provide updated population norms.

Methods

The following psychometric properties were assessed: (i) Item characteristics (item means, standard deviations and inter-item correlations), (ii) Construct validity (correlations of the PHQ-9 sum-score with scores obtained from instruments assessing depression, anxiety and somatization (GAD-7, BSI-18), (iii) Internal consistency (coefficient omega), (iv) Factorial validity (via confirmatory factor analysis of the assumed one factorial model) as well as (v) Measurement invariance (via multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across gender, age, income and education).

Results

The study found that the PHQ-9 had sound psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and construct validity, and that measurements obtained with the tool could be compared across gender and age.

Limitations

Despite using a representative sample, the response rate was only 42.6%. Furthermore, diagnostic efficiency cannot be assessed as there were no clinical interviews conducted. Conclusion: The updated population based norms, which are presented for the total sample as well as separated by gender and various age-groups, provide a useful reference for clinical practice and epidemiological research.
Dynamic Bayesian network modeling for longitudinal data on child undernutrition in Ethiopia (2002–2016)
Authors: Begashaw Getnet Bogale , Zewotir Temesgen , Fenta Haile Mekonnen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Dynamic Bayesian networks improve the modeling of complex systems by incorporating continuous probabilistic relationships between covariates that change over time. This study aimed to analyze the complex causal links contributing to child undernutrition using dynamic Bayesian network modeling, examining both the best- and worst-case scenarios. The Young Cohort of the Ethiopian Young Lives dataset from 2002–2016 was used to analyze the complex relationships among various covariates influencing child undernutrition. We used a built-in Bayes server tool to identify potential features, followed by building the structure of the directed acyclic graph using a structural learning algorithm. The maximum posterior is determined using the relevance tree algorithm. The node with the highest values of mutual information and target entropy reduction, along with the lowest value of target entropy, was considered to have the strongest predictive power in the dataset.

Results

This study revealed that long-term participation in programs increased the likelihood of children being in a normal nutritional state. Key factors influencing the nutritional status of children under two years of age include the mother’s education level, her subjective well-being, and the household’s wealth quintile. Children with educated parents were more likely to have a healthy nutritional status. Additionally, the causal pathway of intervention programs → wealth quintile → child nutritional status consistently exceeded 90% in Waves 3, 4, and 5, indicating a strong relationship. Similarly, the relationship between intervention programs → food security → child nutritional status was nearly perfect at 99.99% in Waves 4 and 5, indicating a strong association. Finally, the study revealed that household participation in intervention programs significantly reduces undernutrition in best-case scenarios, while the absence of support poses a higher risk in worst-case conditions.

Conclusion

The comprehensive intervention program strongly improved household wealth, food security, and maternal well-being, which in turn affected children’s nutritional status.
Secular trends in motor abilities of Xinjiang children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from 1985 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Li Chengyue , Tarken Almujiang-Yimitri , Li Weiming
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assessment the secular trend in physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019.

Method

The data are derived from test scores of Xinjiang Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–18 years by the China National Student Health Monitoring Centre National Student Physical Fitness Monitoring in 1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. The physical fitness indicators included speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, power, and flexibility.

Results

The overall physical fitness of Xinjiang children and adolescents aged 7–18 in Xinjiang demonstrated downward trend from 1985 to 2019. During the period from 1985 to 1995, the speed, power, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved significantly but worsened from 1995 to 2005. The pace of decline in physical fitness slowed down from 2005 to 2014. Some components of physical fitness improved, but most components of physical fitness continued to worsen from 2014 to 2019.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the overall physical fitness of Xinjiang children and adolescents aged 7–18 years worsened from 1985 to 2019, and some relatively positive trends have been found in recent years. Trends in physical fitness vary among children and adolescents by gender and age, and these differences should be emphasized in the development of relevant physical fitness policies as well as interventions.
Effects of a flexibly delivered group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing stress and enhancing psychological wellbeing in parents of school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Mak Yim-Wah , Leung Doris Y. P. , Zhang Xuelin , Chung Joyce O. K. , Chow Petsy S. Y. , Ruan Jiayin , Yeung Jerry W. F.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

COVID-19 has increased parental stress and significantly impacted the psychological well-being of individuals, especially parents of school-age children. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy posits that individuals can accept their unchangeable inner experiences (thoughts and feelings) while acting in ways aligned with their personal values, demonstrating effectiveness in reducing stress and improving psychological well-being, especially among parents of children with chronic illness. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a group-based ACT, delivered flexibly, in improving stress and psychological well-being in parents with school-age children, regardless of their children’s chronic conditions, within a real-world context.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study recruited parents with school-age children, through convenience sampling from the Christian Family Service Centre in Hong Kong. The group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention consisted of five weekly sessions delivered via face-to-face meetings and online videoconferencing, consistent with participants’ preferences and COVID-19 related restrictions in Hong Kong. Paired t-tests and Generalized Estimating Equations following the intention-to-treat principle were used to examine the overall effects and the moderating effects of delivery methods.

Results

The study included 250 parents, with an average age of 40.90 years, mostly women. The average age of their youngest child was 7.68 years. In line with COVID-19-related restrictions and participants’ preferences, 109 parents participated in online sessions, while 141 attended face-to-face sessions. Results showed significant small-to-medium improvements in various outcome variables after the intervention, including parental stress (Cohen’s d = 0.26), general stress (d = 0.18), depressive symptoms (d = 0.18), mental health literacy (d = 0.43), subjective wellbeing (d = 0.25), and psychological flexibility (d = 0.28). Notably, the online videoconferencing format was found to be as effective as the face-to-face format, with similar session attendance rates.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the potential of group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to alleviate stress and improve psychological well-being in parents of school-age children, regardless of the delivery method, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to limitations in the study design, caution is warranted when interpreting the overall effects of group-based ACT on parent outcomes and the moderating role of delivery methods. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the nuances of delivery methods in similar real-world situations.
Seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus infections in communal pastoral cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface, Zambezi region, Namibia
Authors: Madzingira Oscar , Munzel Hannah , Simasiku Nicky Mowa , Lucas Leo Tileni , Mwenda Evelyn Nanjeke , Chinyoka Simbarashe , Tjipura-Zaire Georgina , Shilongo Frieda , Borgemeister Christian , Khaiseb Siegfried , Chitanga Simbarashe , Junglen Sandra
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Brucellosis and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are neglected zoonotic diseases (NZD) that threaten public health, animal health, and production in resource-limited countries including Namibia.

Methods

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine Brucella spp. and RVFV seroprevalence in cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface in the Kabbe South constituency (Zambezi region) of Namibia. Cattle sera (n = 371) were randomly collected from 18 cattle herds in six constituency areas and tested for antibodies against Brucella [complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay in parallel] and Rift Valley fever virus (competitive ELISA).

Results

Apparent individual animal prevalence for Brucella spp. was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.95%−8.81%, 22/371) and 20.8% (95% CI: 16.9%−25.2%, 77/371) based on the CFT and I-ELISA, respectively. For RVFV, apparent and true animal prevalence were 41.0% (95% CI: 36.1%−46.0%, 152/371) and 47.6% (95% CI: 41.8%−53.6%), respectively. Animal and true prevalence of Brucella spp. based on the CFT and ELISA in parallel were 22.6% (95% CI: 18.7%−27.2%, 84/371) and 19.7% (95% CI: 15.6%−24.4%), respectively. About 10.8% (40/371) of cattle tested positive for both Brucella spp. and RVFV antibodies. Prevalence of Brucella-positive cattle herds was 83.3% (15/18). Within herd Brucella spp. seroprevalence was 0%−70%. All cattle herds tested positive for RVFV, with prevalence of 1.7% to 70%. Binomial logistic regression revealed that sex was a significant predictor (p < 0.05) for RVFV seropositivity, but not for Brucella spp. seropositivity (p > 0.05). Test agreement between CFT and I-ELISA when used for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies was poor (k = 0.2322).

Discussion

Brucella spp. and RVFV infections were prevalent in communal pastoral cattle at the human-wildlife-livestock interface in the Zambezi region suggesting a higher likelihood of occurrence of reproduction losses in cattle and zoonotic disease in humans. We recommend the enforcement of the requirements for the vaccination of heifers against brucellosis in the affected communal areas to reduce the risk of human infection. The use of One Health principles for the surveillance, prevention and control of Brucella spp. and RVFV infections can promote the effective control of these zoonotic infections at the interface.
A Review of Innovative Cucurbituril-Based Photocatalysts for Dye Degradation
Authors: Kaseem Mosab
Published: December 2024

This review explores the advancements in photocatalysis facilitated by cucurbiturils (CBs), specifically focusing on CB[5], CB[6], CB[7], and CB[8]. Cucurbiturils have gained prominence due to their exceptional ability to enhance photocatalytic reactions through mechanisms such as improved charge separation, high adsorption capacities, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The review summarizes recent research on the use of CBs in various photocatalytic applications, including dye degradation, pollutant removal, and wastewater treatment. Studies highlight CB[5]’s utility in dye removal and the creation of efficient nanocomposites for improved degradation rates. CB[6] is noted for its high adsorption capacities and photocatalytic efficiency in both adsorption and degradation processes. CB[7] shows promise in adsorbing and degrading toxic dyes and enhancing fluorescence in biomedical applications, while CB[8] leads to significant improvements in photocatalytic activity and stability. The review also discusses the synthesis, properties, and functionalization of cucurbiturils to maximize their photocatalytic potential. Future research directions include the optimization of cucurbituril-based composites, the exploration of new application areas, and scaling up their use for practical environmental and industrial applications. This comprehensive review provides insights into the current capabilities of cucurbituril-based photocatalysts and identifies key areas for future development in sustainable photocatalytic technologies.
Optimizing Low-Efficiency Robinia pseudoacacia Forests on the Loess Plateau Based on an Evaluation of the Ecological Functions of Soil and Water Conservation
Authors: Zhang Ben , Yang Jianying , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao Tingning , Jia Yajie , Hu Yawei , Huang Shengze
Published: December 2024

The vegetation for water and soil conservation on the Loess Plateau has resulted in the formation of large areas of low-quality and inefficient forests during its growth process, thereby hindering the high-quality development of such vegetation and compromising the sustainability of the ecological functions of soil and water conservation. This study focuses on Robinia pseudoacacia forests in the Caijiachuan watershed in the Loess region of western Shanxi. A comprehensive evaluation system for the ecological functions of soil and water conservation has been established to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the Robinia pseudoacacia forests. Additionally, the study identifies low-efficiency Robinia pseudoacacia forests and proposes reasonable regulation and control measures. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) There are significant differences in the water and soil conservation functions among different Robinia pseudoacacia forests. The degree of inefficiency in these forests increases with forest density, and Robinia pseudoacacia forests with slopes between 35° and 40° are all low-efficiency forests. (2) The average density of high-efficiency Robinia pseudoacacia forests is 1655 trees per hectare, medium-efficiency forests average 1780 trees per hectare, and low-efficiency forests average 1927 trees per hectare. By substituting forest density, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and crown width into the low-efficiency forest discrimination function, low-efficiency forests can be identified. The main influencing factors of low-efficiency forests are the Margalef richness index of shrubs, the total soil nitrogen content; and the nitrate nitrogen content. (3) Regulation measures for low-efficiency forests include controlling forest density to 1655 trees per hectare, increasing the richness of understory shrubs, and enhancing total soil nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content by planting leguminous plants such as Lespedeza bicolor, Sophora davidii, and Vicia sepium. The research results can construct a comprehensive evaluation system for the ecological functions of Robinia pseudoacacia forests for water and soil conservation, identify low-efficiency forests, and provide precise regulation based on the causes of inefficiency, ensuring the sustainable function of Robinia pseudoacacia forests for water and soil conservation.
Study on the Evolution and Prediction of Land Use and Landscape Patterns in the Jianmen Shu Road Heritage Area
Authors: Jiang Chenmingyang , Du Xinyu , Cai Jun , Li Hao , Chen Qibing
Published: December 2024

Land utilization—a crucial resource for human survival and development—reflects the outcomes of intricate interactions between human communities and their respective environments. The Jianmen Shu Road Heritage Area presents both opportunities and challenges in terms of protection and development. Any alterations in its land use and landscape patterns directly impact the sustainable development of the regional environment and heritage sites. In this study, we considered three cities along the Jianmen Shu Road, analyzed the evolution characteristics of land use and landscape patterns from 2012 to 2022, and used the multi-criteria evaluation–cellular automata-Markov (MCE-CA-Markov) model to predict the land use and landscape patterns in 2027. The results show the following: (1) From 2012 to 2022, forest land was at its greatest extent, the growth rate of forest land increased, the loss rate of cropland increased, and impervious land continued to expand. (2) From 2012 to 2022, the degrees of fragmentation in cropland, impervious land, and grassland increased; water area had the highest connectivity; forest land had the lowest connectivity; and barren land had the highest degree of separation. The degree of fragmentation and connectivity of the landscape patterns decreased, the degree of complexity increased, and landscape diversity increased and gradually stabilized. (3) Predictions for 2022–2027 indicate that forest land, impervious land, grassland, and barren land will increase, whereas cropland and the water area will decrease. The growth rate of grassland will increase, the loss rates of cropland and water area will decrease, and the growth rates of impervious land and forest land will decrease. (4) Further predictions for 2022–2027 indicate that the density and complexity of the grassland edge will decrease, whereas the fragmentation and complexity of the remaining patches will increase. The degree of fragmentation, complexity, connectivity, and separation of landscape patterns will increase significantly, whereas landscape diversity will remain stable. This study deepens our understanding of how land use and landscape patterns change in the heritage area from a long-term perspective that involves both the past and future. Such research can provide crucial information for tourism management, heritage protection, and spatial planning in the heritage area and, thus, has important management implications for the study area and similar heritage areas in other regions.
Effects of Ti4+ Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na0.7MnO2.05 Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Kexin , Wang Jiawei , Wang Haifeng , Pei Zhengqing , Wang Qian , Zhou Xinjie , Ma Dehua , Lu Ju
Published: December 2024

The P2-Na0.7MnO2.05 cathode material has long been constrained by phase transitions induced by the Jahn–Teller (J–T) effect during charge–discharge cycles, leading to suboptimal electrochemical performance. In this study, we employed a liquid phase co-precipitation method to incorporate Ti during the precursor Mn3O4 synthesis, followed by calcination to obtain Na0.7TixMn(1−x)O2.05 materials. We investigated the effects of Ti doping on the structure, morphology, Mn3+ concentration, and Na+ diffusion coefficients of Na0.7TixMn(1−x)O2.05. Our findings revealed that the 7% Ti-doped NTMO-007 sample exhibited reduced grain agglomeration and smaller particle sizes compared to the undoped sample, thereby enhancing the electrode–electrolyte contact area and electrochemical activity. Additionally, Ti doping increased the crystal cell volume of Na0.7MnO2.05 and broadened the Na+ transport channels, significantly enhancing the Na+ diffusion coefficient. At a 0.5 C rate, the NTMO-007 sample demonstrated a specific capacity of 143.3 mAh g−1 with an 81.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles, markedly outperforming the undoped NMO sample, which had a capacity retention of only 61.5%.
On the Exact Solution for the Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Mulian Yair
Published: December 2024

For almost 75 years, the general solution for the Schrödinger equation was assumed to be generated by an exponential or a time-ordered exponential known as the Dyson series. We study the unitarity of a solution in the case of a singular Hamiltonian and provide a new methodology that is not based on the assumption that the underlying space is L2(R). Then, an alternative operator for generating the time evolution that is manifestly unitary is suggested, regardless of the choice of Hamiltonian. The new construction involves an additional positive operator that normalizes the wave function locally and allows us to preserve unitarity, even when dealing with infinite dimensional or non-normed spaces. Our considerations show that Schrödinger and Liouville equations are, in fact, two sides of the same coin and together they provide a unified description for unbounded quantum systems.
Research on the Role of Marine Ranching Construction in Enhancing Market-Oriented Energy-Saving and Emission-Reduction Potential: Experience from China’s Coastal Cities
Authors: Huang Yi , Zhang Zhe , Sun Sui
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to explore how marine ranching construction enhances the market-oriented potential for energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s coastal cities, and its motivation is to assess the role of marine ranching in promoting sustainable development and environmental protection in these urban areas. With a sample of 53 coastal cities, including experimental-group cities designated as national marine-ranching demonstration zones and a control group of other coastal cities, this research employs theoretical pathway analysis and a quasi-natural experiment design. The findings reveal that marine ranching notably improves both the green innovation capability and industrial upgrading in coastal cities, ultimately stimulating their market-oriented emission-reduction potential. Importantly, extreme weather conditions are found to disrupt the positive impact of marine ranching on the emission-reduction potential in coastal cities, while financial stability ensures its sustained beneficial effects. This study underscores the crucial role of marine ranching in promoting sustainable development and emission reduction in China’s coastal urban areas, emphasizing the importance of addressing climate challenges and maintaining financial stability.
Research on the Innovation of College English Teaching Mode from the Perspective of VR/AR Technology
Authors: Jiang Hui
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the innovation effect of English teaching mode, this paper applies Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology to the innovation of college English teaching mode to promote the improvement of English teaching quality. Moreover, this paper accelerates ray tracing through Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)’s parallel operations, hierarchical bounding box space structure, and a series of optimization methods for Monte Carlo estimation sampling convergence. Furthermore, this paper computes global illumination by collecting lighting information in textures through voxel cone tracking. In addition, this paper proposes attenuation based on normal weights, which can reduce the normal consistency problem of voxel direct lighting calculations. Through the experimental research, it can be seen that the college English teaching model based on VR/AR technology proposed in this paper can effectively improve the effect of English teaching