bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral restoration of strange baryons
Authors: Fraga Eduardo S. , da Mata Rodrigo , Pitsinigkos Savvas , Schmitt Andreas
Published: November 2022

We review the results of a phenomenological model for cold and dense nuclear matter exhibiting a chiral phase transition. The idea is to model the quark-hadron phase transition under neutron star conditions within a single model, but without adding quark degrees of freedom by hand. To this end, strangeness is included in the form of hyperonic degrees of freedom, whose light counterparts provide the strangeness in the chirally restored phase. In the future, the model can be used for instance to compute the surface tension at the (first-order) chiral phase transition and to study the possible existence of inhomogeneous phases.
The axion potential in quark matter
Authors: Ruggieri M. , Castillo D.E.A. , Grunfeld A.G. , Zhang Bonan
Published: November 2022

We study the QCD axion potential in hot and dense quark matter, within an NJL-like model that includes the coupling of the axion to quarks. Firstly we compute the effect of the chiral QCD crossover on the axion mass and self-coupling. Then, we compute the axion potential and study the domain walls. We find that the energy barrier between two adjacent vacuum states decreases in the chirally restored phase: this results in a lower surface tension of the walls. Finally we comment on the possibility of abundant production of walls in hot and dense quark matter.
Tracking performance studies for the Experimental Setup at the Electron-Ion Collider
Authors: Kumar Shyam , Mastroserio Annalisa , Elia Domenico
Published: November 2022

The US Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a future facility to be built at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to study the collisions of polarized electrons with polarized protons and ions. It will provide the answers to fundamental questions on quark and gluon interactions such as: how colored partons and colorless jets travel in the nuclear medium, the properties of the state of matter in high gluon density (low-x) regime, distribution of quarks, gluons, and their spin inside a nucleon. EIC is expected to run at the luminosity of 1032-1034 cm-2 sec-1 and center-of-mass energy 20-140 GeV [1]. ATHENA (A Totally Hermetic Electron Nucleus Apparatus) is one of the detector designs provided as the response to the call for the proposal issued by the EIC Project in 2021. It consists of a tracking system with wide pseudorapidity coverage (|η|<3.5), high granularity (pixel size of inner layers ~10 μm), and low material budget (0.05% of X0 per layer) for the innermost silicon layers to achieve good tracking and vertexing performances.
Asymptotic symmetries and soft theorems in higher-dimensional gravity
Authors: Lionetti Stefano
Published: November 2022

Soft theorems can be recast as Ward identities of asymptotic symmetries. We review such relation for the leading and subleading soft graviton theorems in arbitrary even dimensions. While soft theorems are trivially generalized to dimensions higher than four, the charges of asymptotic symmetries are plagued by divergences requiring a renormalization. We argue that the renormalized charges of these symmetries can be determined by rewriting soft theorems as Ward identities. In order to show that the charges of such identities generate asymptotic symmetries, we propose a suitable commutation relation among certain components of the metric fields
The combination of neutron spin echo and dielectric spectroscopy to examine tube dilation
Authors: Malo de Molina Paula , Alegría Angel , Allgaier Jürgen , Kruteva Margarita , Hoffmann Ingo , Prévost Sylvain , Monkenbusch Michael , Richter Dieter , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan
Published: November 2022

The polymer dynamics in blends of long and short chains spans several decades in time and the understanding of the effect of the short chains on the relaxation mechanism of the long chains due to constraint release requires the combination of microscopic and macroscopic techniques. While the longtime dynamics can be accessed by mechanical or dielectric spectroscopy (DS), its relation to the microstructural details requires the application of theoretical models. In contrast, neutron spin echo (NSE) measures directly the dynamic structure factor reflecting the process of constraint removal at the molecular scale. Here the comparison of NSE and DS results in a model blend of short and long polyisoprene enables the exploration of the entire time regime showing that constraint release leads to a dilation of the confining tube. We show the description of the dynamic tube dilation using a simple model in which the time controlling the tube dilation for the long chain is the terminal time of the short chain.
Dynamics of bottlebrush polymers
Authors: Bichler Karin J. , Jakobi Bruno , Schneider Gerald J.
Published: November 2022

Bottlebrushes are an interesting class of polymers which shows intriguing material properties often associated with dynamics. While dynamical phenomena in linear polymers are well understood and existing theories can describe them in a good way, bottlebrush dynamics have only rarely been investigated. Therefore, we performed dielectric spectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering to study the dynamics of polydimethylsiloxane-based bottlebrush polymers, PDMS-g-PDMS focusing mostly on the segmental dynamics of the side chains. Comparing the relaxation times of the α – relaxation, tracked with dielectric spectroscopy, of bottlebrush polymers with those of their respective linear side chains show a slowing down once the side chains are attached to the backbone. This effect diminishes and finally vanishes with increasing side chain length. The time and length scale, offered by quasi-elastic neutron scattering, fits for the segmental dynamics together with faster processes. The Q-dependence of the segmental relaxation times allows to classify bottlebrush polymers as heterogenous including a non-Gaussian character. For such a dynamical system, the mean square displacement needs to be separated into single processes before an overall mean square displacement can be generated by applying the time temperature superposition principle.
Notes on Fitting and Analysis Frameworks for QENS Spectra of (Soft) Colloid Suspensions
Authors: Beck Christian , Pounot Kevin , Mosca Ilaria , H Jalarvo Niina , Roosen-Runge Felix , Schreiber Frank , Seydel Tilo
Published: November 2022

With continuously improving signal-to-noise ratios, a statistically sound analysis of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) spectra requires to fit increasingly complex models which poses several challenges. Simultaneous fits of the spectra for all recorded values of the momentum transfer become a standard approach. Spectrometers at spallation sources can have a complicated non-Gaussian resolution function which has to be described most accurately. At the same time, to speed up the fitting, an analytical convolution with this resolution function is of interest. Here, we discuss basic concepts to efficient approaches for fits of QENS spectra based on standard MATLAB and Python fit algorithms. We illustrate the fits with example data from IN16B, BASIS, and BATS.
Polymers: When S(Q,t) is not what you think! The role of dynamic RPA
Authors: Monkenbusch Michael
Published: November 2022

Investigating a (polymeric) soft-matter system with several components often is aimed at the observation of the motions/mobilities of one of the components. The normal approach to this request in the context of quasielastic neutron scattering (e.g. NSE) is to put contrast on the targeted component, typically by leaving it hydrogenated and have the rest (surrounding, matrix) deuterated. In simple systems with only one molecular species as a homo-polymer melt with a few of the molecules contrasted (e.g. 10% h in 90% d) -provided the h-and d-molecular varieties behave sufficiently equalthis strategy yields a valid single chain (molecule) structure factor S(Q,t)/S(Q), even for a 50/50% mixture. However, if the component of interest and the matrix are of different kind, unexpected distortions of the observed S(Q,t) may occur. Interpretation of such results in terms of the single chain structure factor would then lead to erroneous conclusions. In this contribution the conditions, under which these distortions will occur, are discussed and how dynamic RPA may help to cope with them is explained. A practical method to apply this correction to polymer and similar problems is presented and an experimental verification is discussed [1, 12].
Determining the relaxation time from a temperature-dependent scan of the neutron spin-echo signal amplitude
Authors: Mamontov Eugene , Zolnierczuk Piotr
Published: November 2022

Temperature-dependent scans of the neutron scattering intensity are commonly employed in high energy-resolution quasielastic measurements. Besides serving as a useful diagnostic tool for identifying the temperature range that could give rise to a measurable relaxation signal, such scans of the “elastic” (resolution-defined) intensity could be employed for determining the temperature at which the relaxation time in the system becomes equal to the resolution-defined characteristic time of the spectrometer measurement. This is a model-independent alternative to the “traditional” approach, when, at a given measurement temperature, the relaxation time in the system is obtained from fitting the full dynamic spectra with a model scattering function. Here we introduce the temperature-dependent scan of the neutron spin-echo signal amplitude. Using a well-characterized system with a complex relaxation pattern, we demonstrate that the relaxation time obtained from the approach proposed herein maps well on the previous “traditionally” measured relaxation times. Thus, despite monitoring a different variable (neutron spin-echo signal amplitude vs. neutron scattering intensity), the benefits of the model-free temperature-dependent scan approach, traditionally utilized in neutron time-of-flight and backscattering experiments, can be extended to measurements of the very slow relaxations assessable only by high-resolution neutron spin-echo.
Possible future upgrades of the direct-geometry chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS
Authors: Kajimoto Ryoichi , Nakamura Mitsutaka , Kamazawa Kazuya , Inamura Yasuhiro , Iida Kazuki , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Ishikado Motoyuki
Published: November 2022

4SEASONS is a direct geometry time-of-flight spectrometer installed in the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility, the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. It is used to study atomic and spin dynamics in the energy range of 100 meV to 102 meV. Since more than a decade has crossed after the first inelastic scattering experiment, it is essential to consider upgrading the instrument to improve its flexibility and performance. In this paper, we discuss the possible medium-term upgrades of key components of the instrument like the chopper system, which are achievable with the current technology and at reasonable cost. Herein, we demonstrated that 4SEASONS can improve the energy resolution by a factor of two, remove frame overlap of adjacent incident energies, significantly improve the asymmetry in the pulse shape, and increase the flux by a factor of ∼1.5, without major technical difficulties.
MIASANS at the longitudinal neutron resonant spin-echo spectrometer RESEDA
Authors: Leiner Jonathan C. , Franz Christian , Jochum Johanna K. , Pfleiderer Christian
Published: November 2022

The RESEDA (Resonant Spin-Echo for Diverse Applications) instrument has been optimized for neutron scattering measurements of quasi-elastic and inelastic processes over a wide parameter range. One spectrometer arm of RESEDA is configured for the MIEZE (Modulation of Intensity with Zero Effort) technique, where the measured signal is an oscillation in neutron intensity over time prepared by two precisely tuned radio-frequency (RF) flippers. With MIEZE, all spin-manipulations are performed before the beam reaches the sample, and thus the signal from sample scattering is not disrupted by any depolarizing conditions there (i.e. magnetic materials and fields). The MIEZE spectrometer is being further optimized for the requirements of small angle neutron scattering (MIASANS), a versatile combination of the spatial and dynamical resolving power of both techniques. We present the current status of (i) the newly installed superconducting solenoids as part of the RF flippers to significantly extend the dynamic range (ii) the development and installation of a new detector on a translation stage within a new larger SANS-type vacuum vessel for flexibility with angular coverage and resolution, and (iii) the efforts to reduce background.
Tonometrie: Rückblick und Ausblick (Teil 1)
Authors: Yaïci Rémi , Geerling Gerd
Published: November 2022

Der intraokulare Druck (IOD) ist ein wichtiger physikalischer Parameter der
Physiologie des Auges. Ein erhöhter IOD wurde früh als Ätiologie für
Augenerkrankungen vermutet. In diesem 1. Teil des Beitrags wird neben den
physiologischen Grundlagen die Kontakttonometrie vorgestellt, die sowohl die
erste instrumentelle Methode mit den Indentationstonometern als auch den
Goldstandard mit dem Goldmann-Applanationstonometer darstellt.
Einsamkeit
Authors: Schultheis Daniela
Published: November 2022

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Die Einsamkeit von Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern
Authors: Jungbauer Johannes , Wiegand-Grefe Silke
Published: November 2022

Kinder, die mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil aufwachsen, sind im Familienalltag mit zahlreichen Belastungen konfrontiert. Viele der betroffenen Kinder fühlen sich alleingelassen, vermissen Nähe und haben niemand, mit dem sie über ihre Situation sprechen können. Diese Erfahrung der Einsamkeit kann sich sehr nachhaltig auf ihre Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und ihre Biografie auswirken.
Einsame Menschen in der Psychotherapie – Ursachen, Zusammenhänge und Hilfen bei chronischer Einsamkeit
Authors: Klein Michael
Published: November 2022

Immer mehr Menschen klagen über Einsamkeitsgefühle. Das Phänomen hat in den Monaten der coronabedingten Lockdown- und Isolationsmaßnahmen zugenommen. Die Psychotherapie sollte sich dem Thema und den Begleit- und Folgesymptomen proaktiv stellen. Zu den Hintergründen von Einsamkeitserleben und den Möglichkeiten, das Problem in der Psychotherapie aufzugreifen wird im Folgenden berichtet.
Additive-Free Synthesis of 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-ones via a Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Chlorides with KOCN
Authors: Yavari Issa , Golmoradi Fateh , Khaledian Omid
Published: November 2022

A direct and speedy approach for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstitued-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones via a formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with KOCN is described. The reaction proceeds in EtOH at room temperature with no need for any base and catalyst. KCl is the sole byproduct of this efficient synthetic procedure which can be isolated after reaction completion using water in which the products precipitated.
A Synthesis of Furan-2-iminophosphoranes under Appel-Type Reaction Conditions
Authors: Yavari Issa , Saffarian Hamed , Khaledian Omid
Published: November 2022

Phenacylmalononitriles reacted with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride in an Appel-type, cyclization/aromatization reaction to afford 5-aryl-2-[(triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino]-3-furonitriles in yields of 75–92%. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of excess amounts of Ph3P and CCl4 without any base or catalyst at room temperature. The structure of one product was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Synthesis of 1H-Isochromenes and 1,2-Dihydroisoquinolines by Indium(III)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of ortho-(Alkynyl)benzyl Derivatives
Authors: Sarandeses Luis A. , Sestelo José Pérez , Seoane-Carabel Fabio , Alonso-Marañón Lorena
Published: November 2022

1H-Isochromenes and 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines are synthesized by regioselective indium(III)-catalyzed intramolecular hydrofunctionalization of o-(alkynyl)benzyl derivatives. The reaction with o-(alkynyl)benzyl alcohols and amines proceeds using indium triiodide (5–10 mol%) in toluene at 80–100 °C via regioselective 6-endo-dig intramolecular alkyne hydroalkoxylation or hydroamination in good yields. Alternatively, the cycloisomerization reaction of o-(alkynyl)benzaldehydes and imine derivatives using InI3 (5 mol%) and the Hantzsch ester (120 mol%) takes place, under milder reaction conditions, to give a variety of functionalized 1H-isochromenes and 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines through a domino cycloisomerization/reduction approach.
Recent Developments in Isoindole Chemistry
Authors: Wang Xiang , Weintraub Rachel A.
Published: November 2022

Isoindoles are highly reactive aromatic heterocycles that have a variety of important applications in areas such as medicine, analytical detection, and solar energy. Due to their highly reactive nature, isoindoles can be used to access their derivatives, which possess a diverse array of biological activities. However, their reactivity also makes isoindoles unstable and thus, difficult to prepare. Consequently, there has been a need for the development of novel methods that address some of the synthetic challenges and limitations, as well as reactions that utilize isoindoles to access potentially useful compounds. This review will give an overview of the novel reactions reported within the past decade (2012 to 2022) that involve 2H- and 1H-isoindoles and fused isoindoles as reactants, key intermediates, or products. This review is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on the synthesis of isoindoles and the second part focusing on reactions of isoindoles. The scopes and limitations of the methods described therein will be discussed and the significance of their contributions to the literature will be highlighted. Similar reactions will also be compared.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Isoindoles

2.1 Synthesis of 2H-Isoindoles

2.2 Synthesis of 1H-Isoindoles

3 Reactions of Isoindoles

3.1 Reactions of 2H-Isoindoles

3.2 Reactions of 1H-Isoindoles

4 Conclusions
A Brief Review of Thrombolytics for Venous Interventions
Authors: Grewal Sukhdeep K. , Hedrick Amanda L. , Man Louise , Sharma Aditya M. , Desai Kush R. , Khaja Minhaj S.
Published: November 2022

Anticoagulation continues to be the mainstay of therapy for the management of venous thromboembolism. However, anticoagulation does not lead to the breakdown or dissolving of the thrombus. In an acute pulmonary embolism, extensive thrombus burden can be associated with a high risk for early decompensation, and in acute deep venous thrombosis, it can be associated with an increased risk for phlegmasia. In addition, residual thrombosis can be associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and postthrombotic syndrome in a chronic setting. Thrombolytic therapy is a crucial therapeutic choice in treating venous thromboembolism for thrombus resolution. Historically, it was administered systemically and was associated with high bleeding rates, particularly major bleeding, including intracranial bleeding. In the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in catheter-based therapies with and without ultrasound, where lower doses of thrombolytic agents are utilized, potentially reducing the risk for major bleeding events and improving the odds of reducing the thrombus burden. In this article, we provide an overview of several thrombolytic therapies, including delivery methods, doses, and outcomes.
Antithrombotic Therapy after Deep Venous Intervention
Authors: Xiao Nicholas , Genet Matthew , Khaja Minhaj , Desai Kush R.
Published: November 2022

Chronic deep venous disease (CVD) can result in significant morbidity and impact on quality of life due to a spectrum of symptoms, including lower extremity edema, venous claudication, and venous ulcers. CVD can be secondary to both thrombotic and nonthrombotic disease processes, including postthrombotic syndrome from prior deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or iliac vein compression syndrome. Endovascular therapy has become a mainstay therapy for CVD patients, with venous stent placement frequently performed. However, the management of anticoagulation following venous stent placement is not well-studied, with no large trials or consensus guidelines establishing an optimal regimen. The current knowledge gap in antithrombotic therapy is magnified by heterogeneity in practice and data collection, along with incomplete reporting in available studies. Furthermore, most published datasets are antiquated in the setting of rapid evolution in technique and technology available for deep venous intervention. Herein, we summarize the current available literature and offer an approach to anticoagulation and antiplatelet management following deep venous intervention for CVD.
Hypertensive and Hypotensive Emergencies in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Trivedi Surbhi B. , Ray Charles E.
Published: November 2022

Hyper- and hypotensive emergencies represent some of the most severe clinical issues that can occur during or around an interventional radiology procedure. While some patients are known to be more predisposed to cardiovascular collapse, nearly all patients are at risk for such an outcome. This is particularly true of patients undergoing moderate sedation, with the possibility of cardiovascular compromise occurring not just due to the underlying pathology for which the patient is being treated, but as a complication of sedation itself. Understanding the underlying cause of hyper- or hypotension is paramount to performing an appropriate and timely intervention. While the underlying cause is being corrected—if possible—the changes in blood pressure themselves may need to be intervened upon to maintain cardiovascular stability in these patients. Interventional radiologists must be familiar with measures taken to correct hyper- or hypotensive emergencies, including the most commonly used medications to treat these disorders. This article discusses the most common etiologies of such clinical scenarios, and the most common interventions performed for these settings.
HRI Online 2022: Leading International Experts Illustrate the Positive Impact of Increased Collaboration in Homeopathy Research
Authors: Roberts E. Rachel , Eizayaga José E. , van der Werf Esther T. , Tournier Alexander L.
Published: November 2022

The Homeopathy Research Institute (HRI) welcomed more than 450 people from 35 countries to their first online event on June 25, 2022. The one-day programme featured an excellent line-up of international speakers and provided a unique interactive platform in keeping with the theme of the event – Key Collaborations in Homeopathy Research. Scientists from a range of different research fields gave an exceptional insight into the current status of homeopathy research. Here we give an overview of the most significant findings in both clinical and basic research presented during HRI Online 2022.
Oncopharmacology in Interventional Radiology
Authors: Raja Junaid , Madoff David C.
Published: November 2022

The broad scope of malignancies treated in interventional oncology is mirrored by the breadth of oncotherapeutics, drugs used to treat cancer. Many of these treatments are administered endovascularly, though a group of therapies can be delivered percutaneously. Perhaps the best taxonomy of oncotherapeutics is based on their biological inactivity or activity and the mechanism by which they interact with treated and targeted tissues. As the fields of interventional oncology and oncotherapeutics continue to grow and expand, this framework may provide a more organized approach in helping distinguish and select the best therapy for patients.
Oncologic Interventions: Periprocedural Medications
Authors: Boumezrag Maryam , Banovac Filip
Published: November 2022

Significant advances in ablative and endovascular therapies have allowed interventional radiology to play a substantial role in the management of patients with malignant neoplasms. The evolution of these procedures and the optimization of patient outcomes and experience must take into account various elements of the periprocedural period. Some of the most important considerations within the periprocedural period are the pharmacologic agents used to avoid infectious complications, decrease pain, and manage side effects. In this article, we discuss some of the most commonly used medications in interventional oncology procedures including antibiotics, narcotics, sedatives, antiemetics, and others.
Delayed Care Seeking and Outcomes of Testicular Torsion among Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ye Zihan , Chen Hongsong , Liu Xing , Wei Guanghui
Published: November 2022

Introduction Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), stay-at-home orders and fear caused by the pandemic have had a significant effect on the timing and outcomes of testicular torsion. However, the evidence was limited since the study results were inconsistent. This study aims to examine the hospitalization rates, timing, and outcomes of testicular torsion in children before and during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods Using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis of studies reporting the timing and outcomes of children admitted with testicular torsion before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.

Result The outcomes of 899 testicular torsion patients from eight studies were evaluated. Our study found an increased hospitalization rate for patients with testicular torsion (incidence rate ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–2.03; p = 0.001). Despite a significant increase in the duration of symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic (weighted mean difference = 11.04, 95% CI: 2.75–19.33; p = 0.009), orchiectomy rates did not increase (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.85–2.10; p = 0.147).

Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalization rates for testicular torsion and the duration of symptoms among children increased significantly. Moreover, the rate of orchiectomy did not increase during the pandemic, indicating that pediatric emergency services have remained efficient and have prevented an increase in the number of orchiectomies performed despite pandemic-related closures and delays in transporting patients to medical care.
Experimental and numerical study of Taylor flow in a square minichannel
Authors: Vozhakov Ivan S. , Lukyanov Andrey A. , Kochkin Dmitry Yu. , Ronshin Fedor V.
Published: November 2022

A numerical and experimental study of Taylor bubbles in a square minichannel with a side of 1 mm has been carried out. A three-dimensional numerical simulation was performed using the volume of fluid method in the open source package OpenFOAM. An experimental study was performed using a high-speed shadow method and automatic processing. The characteristic flow regimes are investigated, with the main attention being paid to the Taylor regime. In the course of the work, the calculated and experimental data were compared, and their good agreement was shown. The distribution of velocities in a liquid and gas, as well as the distribution of the liquid film thickness in a bubble, is studied. The thickness of the liquid film in the corner and the center of the channel is compared with the corresponding well-known correlations. A dependence that describes the thickness of a liquid film in a square channel is proposed. Investigations of the streamline both in the liquid near the bubble and in the bubble itself. It is shown that in the square channel in front of the bubble there are four stable vortexes in the direction of the channel corners. Inside the bubble there is a specific flow from the tail to the nose of the bubble. There is a swirling of the gas in the transverse direction in the bubble.
Ion kinetic effects and instabilities in the plasma flow in the magnetic mirror
Authors: Jimenez M. , Smolyakov A. I. , Chapurin O. , Yushmanov P.
Published: November 2022

Kinetic effects in plasma flow due to a finite ion temperature and ion reflections in a converging–diverging magnetic nozzle are investigated with collisionless quasineutral hybrid simulations with kinetic ions and isothermal Boltzmann electrons. It is shown that in the cold ions limit, the velocity profile of the particles agrees well with the analytical theory, predicting the formation of the global accelerating potential due to the magnetic mirror with the maximum of the magnetic field and resulting in the transonic ion velocity profile. The global transonic ion velocity profile is also obtained for warm ions with isotropic and anisotropic distributions. Partial ion reflections are observed due to a combined effect of the magnetic mirror and time-dependent fluctuations of the potential as a result of the wave breaking and instabilities in the regions when the fluid solutions become multi-valued. Despite partial reflections, the flow of the passing ions still follows the global accelerating profile defined by the magnetic field profile. In simulations with reflecting boundary condition imitating the plasma source and allowing the transitions between trapped and passing ions, the global nature of the transonic accelerating solution is revealed as a constrain on the plasma exhaust velocity that ultimately defines plasma density in the source region.
Pore-scale study of three-phase reactive transport processes in porous media
Authors: Sha Xin , Chen Li , Zhu Xiaofei , Wang Sen , Feng Qihong , Tao Wen-Quan
Published: November 2022

Coupled three-phase flow and reactive transport processes are widely encountered in many scientific and engineering problems. In the present study, a pore-scale model based on the lattice Boltzmann method is developed to simulate coupled three-phase flow and reactive transport processes. The model is validated by contact angle test of droplets on a curved surface and confined reactive mass transport in a three-phase system. The pore-scale model validated is then employed to study the three-phase reactive transport in channels and porous media. The evolution of the three-phase distribution, the concentration field, and the contact line length are discussed in detail. For a two-channel structure, the result shows that as the viscosity ratio increases, the phase with higher viscosity is more difficult to be displaced. Moreover, as the surface tension force between two certain phases increases, the third phase tends to form a film between the two phases, thus suppressing the reactive transport between the two phases. Finally, pore-scale simulation results of three-phase flow in a two-dimensional porous medium show that as viscosity of the phase to be displaced increases, the recovery rate of the displaced phase decreases, and the displacing phase tends to follow the mechanism of viscous fingering. Finally, while the viscosity of the displaced phase can be reduced due to the existence of the species, the recovery rate does not necessarily increase and sometimes even reduces due to the combined bypass and lubrication effects.
Vertex effects in describing the ionization energies of the first-row transition-metal monoxide molecules
Authors: Wang Yanyong , Ren Xinguo
Published: November 2022

The GW approximation is considered to be the simplest approximation within Hedin’s formulation of many-body perturbation theory. It is expected that some of the deficiencies of the GW approximation can be overcome by adding the so-called vertex corrections. In this work, the recently implemented G0W0Γ0(1) scheme, which incorporates the vertex effects by adding the full second-order self-energy correction to the GW self-energy, is applied to a set of first-row transition-metal monoxide (TMO) anions. Benchmark calculations show that results obtained by G0W0Γ0(1) on top of the B3LYP hybrid functional starting point (SP) are in good agreement with experiment data, giving a mean absolute error of 0.13 eV for a testset comprising the ionization energies (IEs) of 27 outer valence molecular orbitals (MOs) from nine TMO anions. A systematic SP-dependence investigation by varying the ratio of the exact exchange (EXX) component in the PBE0-type SP reveals that, for G0W0Γ0(1), the best accuracy is achieved with 20% EXX. Further error analysis in terms of the orbital symmetry characteristics (i.e., σ, π, or δ) in the testset indicates the best amount of EXX in the SP for G0W0Γ0(1) calculations is independent of MO types, and this is in contrast with the situation in G0W0 calculations, where the best EXX ratio varies for different classes of MOs. Despite its success in describing the absolute IE values, we, however, found that G0W0Γ0(1) faces difficulties in describing the energy separations between certain states of interest, worsening the already underestimated G0W0 predictions.
Flame stabilization and thermoacoustic instability during operating condition modulations: Roles of pilot and main flames
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Han Xiao , Wang Jianchen , Du Jiacheng , Sung Chih-Jen
Published: November 2022

Operating condition modulation plays a key role in the startup process of practical gas turbine applications. The present article investigates the operating condition modulations of a centrally staged swirl burner regarding the flame stabilization and thermoacoustic instability, in which the roles of pilot and main flames have been distinguished. The global characteristic of thermoacoustic instabilities during operating condition modulations has been explored in a wide operating range by incrementally increasing equivalence ratios in the pilot stage (ϕp) and main stage (ϕm). Transitions of stability regimes under self-excited conditions have been observed with increasing ϕm and show difference with ϕp= 1.1–1.3. Two modes of stable flame stabilizations under un-excited conditions have been identified with ϕm variation, including pilot and staged flames. Their main difference is the varied attachment of flame roots along pilot shear layers and main shear layer. At self-excited conditions, three different instability modes have been revealed with increasing ϕm, i.e., pilot mode, hybrid mode, and staged mode. The periodic interaction between the pilot flame and the main stage stream is shown to be necessary for sustaining a large-scale convective motion of pilot flame to trigger strong thermoacoustic instabilities in pilot and staged modes. For the hybrid mode, the periodic attachment of the main flame root has suppressed the convective motion and, thus, caused weakened thermoacoustic couplings. The present investigation reveals the unique and various interactions between pilot and main flames during operating condition modulations, which can assist startup design in practical centrally staged combustion systems.
The optimal tuning of electronic structure, magnetic, and optical properties of (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped SnO2 via first-principles calculations
Authors: Gao Yu , He Jianhong , Guo Huazhong
Published: November 2022

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) with both charge and spin degrees of freedom have emerged as promising candidates in the spintronic industry. However, the Curie temperature below room temperature and uncertainty about the origin of ferromagnetism hinder the application of DMSs. To address these issues, we explored a better SnO2-based co-doped method (Fe, V + VSn) using ab initio calculations. The calculation results show that the Sn13FeVO32 (Fe, V + VSn) has a high Curie temperature (716 K), good ferromagnetic properties, stronger covalency of bonds, and better optical transparency in the visible light range. In addition, the holes or electrons generated by the complexes in the (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped system cause a spin-polarized double exchange effect in the Fe-3d, V-3d, and O-2p orbitals, which leads to magnetism of the co-doped systems. The static dielectric constant ɛ1(0) of the system increases after doping. Among them, Sn14FeVO31 (Fe, V + VO) has the largest ɛ1(0), indicating that Sn14FeVO31 has the strongest polarization ability and better photocatalytic properties. In Sn14FeVO31, the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the absorption spectrum all have new peaks in the low-energy region, which are caused by the jump of electrons from the guide band of the spin-polarized impurity energy level. This paper proposes a new method for preparing dilute magnetic semiconductors in spin electronic devices with high room temperature ferromagnetic properties and excellent optical properties through the (Fe, V + VO/VSn) co-doped SnO2.
Small-polaron conductivity in perovskite ferroelectric BaTiO3 films
Authors: Tyunina M. , Savinov M. , Dejneka A.
Published: November 2022

In ABO3 perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, electrical conductivity ranges from insulator- to superconductor-type and is virtually critical for all applications of these materials. Compared to bulk ceramics and crystals, ferroelectric thin films can enable advanced control of the conductivity. Here, small-polaron hopping conductivity was evidenced and examined in various pulsed-laser-deposited films of ferroelectric BaTiO3 and reference films of SrTiO3. For this, AC conductivity was studied in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies for films sandwiched between the bottom and top electrodes. In the BaTiO3 films, with increasing temperature, a significant increase in activation energy for small-polaron hopping was found and ascribed to strong electron–phonon coupling and complex lattice oscillations therein. Plain relations of the activation energy to microstructure, composition, or phase transitions were lacking, which corroborated the critical role of phonons. Additionally, a phonon-less transport was detected. It was anticipated that owing to strong electron–phonon coupling, rich phonon ensembles, and coexistence of phonon-stimulated and phonon-less processes, the small-polaron conductivity can heavily vary in ferroelectric films that necessitates further studies.
Effects of diffusive Reynolds number on electro-osmotic pulsating nanofluid flow
Authors: Mukherjee S. , Shit G. C. , Vajravelu K.
Published: November 2022

We examine pulsating electro-osmotic nanofluid flow phenomena in a microchannel with porous walls. The combined effect of the injected nanofluid velocity and ion diffusion coefficients on the electrical potential formation is considered. A novel boundary condition is introduced so as to examine the effects of electro-osmosis and frictional forces on thermal profiles and nanoparticle volume fractions of nanofluids. Being motivated by the experimental works of Kong et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 7678 (2017).], this paper aims to extend the study of ion diffusivity in terms of diffusive Reynolds number on nanofluid temperature in the pulsating pressure gradient setting. The semi-analytic differential transform method is used to solve the physical equations, represented as coupled ordinary differential equations, with a special emphasis on the convergence of solutions, which is presented in terms of tables and graphs. The study shows that the nanofluid velocity, temperature, and mass concentration are strongly influenced by the ion diffusion coefficient and the frequency of pulsating pressure gradient. The diffusive Reynolds number significantly influences the electric potential distribution. The velocity and temperature show an increasing trend in terms of diminishing sensitivity parameter. However, nanoparticle concentration increases with an enhancement of the sensitivity parameter. Finally, velocity and temperature increase with a diminution of the Womersley number.
On the onset of nonlinear fluid flow transition in rock fracture network: Theoretical and computational fluid dynamic investigation
Authors: Xue Kangsheng , Zhang Zhenyu , Hao Shengpeng , Luo Peng , Wang Yakun
Published: November 2022

Fluid flow regimes affect the determination of hydraulic conductivity of fractured rocks, and the critical criteria for the onset of nonlinear fluid flow transitions in discrete fracture networks (DFNs) of rocks have yet to be established. First, the factors causing the fluid flow transition regime of fracture intersections and rough surface fractures are theoretically and numerically analyzed. This reveals that the fluid flow regime is governed by the fracture aperture, density of fracture intersections, surface roughness, and Reynolds number (Re). Then, these identified parameters are redefined in DFN models, and their influence on the onset of nonlinear fluid flow is further investigated by performing computational fluid dynamic analysis. The results show that the fracture intersection and aperture play a more significant role in the linear-to-nonlinear fluid flow transition than the fracture aperture heterogeneity. With the increase in the fracture aperture, unevenness of fracture surfaces, and connectivity of DFNs, the onset of the nonlinear fluid flow appeared at the lower flow velocity. With the Forchheimer equation, it is found that the critical hydraulic gradient Jc, defined as the hydraulic gradient at which inertial effects assume 10% of the total pressure loss, is highly correlated with the fracture aperture, fracture intersection, and roughness of the surface. Finally, the mathematical expression of Jc and the Forchheimer coefficients are formulated based on the regression analysis of fluid dynamic computation results, which provides an approach to determine whether the cubic law should be applied as governing equations for the computation of fluid flow in DFNs.
Mapping service standards and guidelines to support accreditation processes – a case study of a collaborative effort worth replicating
Authors: Dadich Ann , Blackburn Pippa , Scaife Jessica , Saurman Emily
Published: November 2022

Health services respond to myriad practice standards and guidelines that regulate, monitor, and improve the safety and quality of healthcare. Although important, information overload and compliance fatigue for accreditation can be burdensome for service managers and clinicians. To address this, and ultimately improve the safety and quality of care, this case study demonstrates how a mapping exercise was completed to synthesise seven practice standards and guidelines relevant to palliative care; and develop an online resource to aid accreditation efforts and improve palliative care. A working group, comprised of service managers, clinicians, and academics, mapped a state-wide blueprint to improve palliative care against seven unique practice standards and guidelines, most of which were national in scope. This project culminated with a freely available online resource to translate the standards and guidelines for accreditation – a resource that supports service managers and clinicians across public and private health sectors to readily determine whether and how they demonstrated safety and quality in the context of palliative care and pursue accreditation. By developing one matrix, there is opportunity to alleviate information overload and compliance fatigue for service managers and clinicians. Despite its focus on palliative care, this case study demonstrates how to collaboratively map distinct practice standards and guidelines and form a resource to aid accreditation efforts to improve healthcare.
Importance of humidity and temperature in breech strike of Merino sheep
Authors: Greeff J. C. , Schlink A. C. , Karlsson L. J. E. , Vercoe P. E. , Gilmour A. R.
Published: November 2022

Context Breech strike is a serious disease particularly in wool sheep. Skin wrinkle and dags are known predisposing factors for breech strike, although a large part of the variation between sheep is unexplained. Aims We used sensor buttons to determine whether there were differences in humidity and temperature in the breech area of Merino sheep exposed to blowflies without traditional preventive measures being used in the flock. Methods Sixty-two Merino rams and 62 Merino ewes that had high or low breeding values for breech strike were each fitted with a sensor button to record hourly temperature and humidity in the breech over 49 days. The sensors were fitted before the onset of the blowfly season. The sensor was tied to a wool staple close to the skin in the breech and was removed when a sheep was struck. All remaining buttons were removed prior to shearing. Breech wrinkle, neck wrinkle, breech cover and faecal soiling (dags) were recorded on all the sheep. A total of 98 213 hourly temperature and humidity records were analysed with cubic smoothing splines to assess how humidity and temperature differed between struck and unstruck sheep, and whether the breech indicator traits affect temperature and humidity in the breech. Results Time of day and day-to-day variation prior to being struck explained most of the variation of temperature and humidity in the breech of the sheep. Humidity and temperature increased with an increase in breech cover. The humidity in the breech area was, on average, 2% higher in struck sheep prior to being struck. There was a sharp increase in humidity in struck sheep in the 8 days leading up to detection of breech strike relative to unstruck animals, most probably due to exudate from the wound. Conclusions Sheep prone to be struck have higher humidity in the breech than sheep less prone to be struck. Implications Temperature in the breech does not qualify as a potential indicator trait for breech strike in wool sheep, whereas humidity needs further research to determine its effectiveness as a potential indicator trait.
Is novel research worth doing? Evidence from peer review at 49 journals
Authors: Teplitskiy Misha , Peng Hao , Blasco Andrea , Lakhani Karim R.
Published: November 2022

There are long-standing concerns that peer review, which is foundational to scientific institutions like journals and funding agencies, favors conservative ideas over novel ones. We investigate the association between novelty and the acceptance of manuscripts submitted to a large sample of scientific journals. The data cover 20,538 manuscripts submitted between 2013 and 2018 to the journals
Cell
and
Cell Reports
and 6,785 manuscripts submitted in 2018 to 47 journals published by the
Institute of Physics Publishing
. Following previous work that found that a balance of novel and conventional ideas predicts citation impact, we measure the novelty and conventionality of manuscripts by the atypicality of combinations of journals in their reference lists, taking the 90th percentile most atypical combination as “novelty” and the 50th percentile as “conventionality.” We find that higher novelty is consistently associated with higher acceptance; submissions in the top novelty quintile are 6.5 percentage points more likely than bottom quintile ones to get accepted. Higher conventionality is also associated with acceptance (+16.3% top–bottom quintile difference). Disagreement among peer reviewers was not systematically related to submission novelty or conventionality, and editors select strongly for novelty even conditional on reviewers' recommendations (+7.0% top–bottom quintile difference). Manuscripts exhibiting higher novelty were more highly cited. Overall, the findings suggest that journal peer review favors novel research that is well situated in the existing literature, incentivizing exploration in science and challenging the view that peer review is inherently antinovelty.