bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DE CASOS DE COINFECÇÃO DE SÍFILIS E HIV
Authors: Fernandes Kauã Lopes , Almeida Gustavo Henrique Vieira , Fernandes Luiz Fernando Castro , Santos Alcione De Oliveira Dos
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A sífilis é uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível de evolução natural lenta que tem como seu agente etiológico a bactéria Treponema pallidum, sendo transmitido predominantemente através do contato sexual. Hodiernamente, observa-se que a coinfecção da sífilis com o HIV age de maneira sinérgica, aumentando assim, a taxa de transmissão do HIV e modifica o histórico natural da doença. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de sífilis e a coinfecção com o vírus HIV. Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo, foram usufruídos os métodos de leitura crítica, pesquisas bibliográficas e procuras epidemiológicas através de dados. As buscas foram realizadas através das principais bases de dados de artigos científicos, como: PubMed, SciELO, BDTD. Resultados: A seguinte pesquisa aponta que: No estado de São Paulo, foram constatados 648 casos de sífilis adquirida, entre as idades de 25 à 34 anos, sendo 98% do sexo masculino, onde 88% eram homossexuais e a 56,5% apresentavam prevalência de coinfecção com o HIV. Em outra pesquisa realizada em Porto Alegre, local onde se tem 2% de gestantes com a coinfecção, houve-se a participação de 1 500 gestantes HIV-positivas, de 2010 a 2013, onde 155 também eram infectadas por sífilis, correspondendo a uma taxa de coinfecção de 10,2%. Em relação à região centro-oeste, em Goiânia, no período de setembro de 2014 à agosto de 2015, foram recrutados 355 indivíduos em situação de rua, o qual eram testados positivos para os marcadores sorológicos para anti-HIV 1 e 2, e anti-Treponema pallidum, Das 355 amostras testadas para sífilis, 22,0% foram positivas, tendo uma prevalência de coinfecção HIV/sífilis de 0,6%. Conclusão: Portanto, observa-se que as pesquisas referentes a infecções aumentaram consequentes a elevação epidemiológica de infectados, visto que os jovens são os que menos tem acompanhamentos individuais relacionados ao uso de preservativos e de drogas injetáveis, acabando por perdurar com a doença. A coinfecção do HIV e sífilis acaba agindo para uma piora do quadro do paciente que as contrai, necessitando de um atendimento mais eficaz e cauteloso para pacientes que apresentam ambas as doenças.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA DE SÍFILIS EM GESTANTES: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ferreira Maiza Radely Pereira , Lemos Isabella De Carvalho , Viana Rayane Larissa De Melo , Viana José Luiz Gustavo De Melo
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Caracterizada como um grave problema de saúde pública e classificada como uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível (IST) causada por uma bactéria gram-negativa, a Sífilis apresenta como agente etiológico o Treponema pallidum. A infecção é curável, mas requer diagnóstico precoce, tratamento imediato e medidas preventivas que interrompam a cadeia de transmissão, principalmente durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, o qual expõe o binômio materno-fetal. Por ser imprescindível para o desempenho da vigilância epidemiológica e consequente controle pelo sistema de saúde, a sífilis adquirida, gestacional e congênita possuem caráter de notificação compulsória, conforme a Portaria vigente do Ministério da Saúde. Objetivo: Discorrer sobre algumas das últimas pesquisas epidemiológicas sobre o diagnóstico e a incidência de sífilis em gestantes. Material e métodos: A partir dos descritores: Sífilis, Epidemiologia, Gestantes e Diagnóstico, foi utilizado o indicador booleano “sífilis AND epidemiologia AND gestantes AND diagnóstico” nos bancos de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF e utilizados os filtros “Sífilis, Gestantes, Cuidado Pré-natal”, restrito a artigos em português e inglês dos últimos 2 anos. Foram encontrados 23 artigos e 6 analisados por se adequarem ao tema proposto. Resultados: Os artigos analisados identificaram uma diminuição das taxas de diagnósticos de sífilis em gestantes, porém os índices seguem altos. Alguns dos estudos (66% dos estudos analisados) associam a alta incidência a uma falha no pré-natal e subnotificação dos casos pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a incidência de sífilis em gestantes segue alta apesar das estratégias de enfrentamento para redução das taxas, o que sugere uma reavaliação e intensificação das medidas em andamento.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ZÉ DOCA-MA ENTRE 2010 E JUNHO DE 2020
Authors: Mendonça Alania Frank , Jansen Ana Carla Silva , Araújo Francisca De Brito Souza , Brandão Talison Do Amaral , Pinho Jaqueline Diniz
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A Sífilis é uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, é a IST mais comum durante a gestação, pode ser transmitida por via sexual, transfusão sanguínea e via vertical, sífilis congênita. Segundo o Boletim Epidemiológico de Sífilis 2020, somente em 2019 o estado do Maranhão notificou 606 casos de sífilis congênita e 8 óbitos. Objetivo: Neste contexto, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de sífilis congênita notificados no município de Zé Doca-MA, no período de 2010 a junho 2020. Metodologia: Para isso, foram analisados dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, DCCI, acerca dos casos de sífilis congênita notificados na cidade de Zé Doca-MA, entre 2010 e junho de 2020. Como os dados do DCCI são de domínio público, não houve a necessidade de envio dessa pesquisa aos Comitês de Ética e de Pesquisa (CEP). Para análise das notificações utilizou-se as seguintes variáveis: ano, idade da criança, faixa etária da mãe, diagnóstico final, realização do pré-natal da mãe e o momento do diagnóstico da sífilis materna. Resultados: No período analisado, foram notificados 8 casos de sífilis congênita, com incidência nos anos de 2017 e 2019. Em relação ao tipo de diagnóstico final, todos os casos foram de sífilis recente. Quanto a faixa etária da mãe, o maior número de notificações ocorreram entre as mulheres de 20 a 29 anos (75%). A respeito da realização ou não do pré-natal nas gestantes, notou-se que 75% delas realizaram o pré-natal. Já em relação, ao momento do diagnóstico, observou-se que 50% dos casos foram diagnosticados durante o pré-natal. Conclusão: A partir da observação dos dados, percebe-se que a sífilis congênita é um grave problema de saúde pública, pois há um grande desafio na prevenção e controle da doença. Também é perceptível que as desigualdades socioeconômicas, os déficit na Atenção Básica de Saúde e na educação são estruturantes favoráveis para a vulnerabilidade relacionada à IST.
FATORES DE RISCO DA TRANSMISSÃO VERTICAL EM GESTANTES SOROPOSITIVAS PARA HIV E MEDIDAS PROFILÁTICAS
Authors: Moulais Tamires Lima , Gabriel Vanessa Carneiro , Lima Gabriela Ansiliero De , Santos Alcione Oliveira Dos
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A transmissão vertical refere-se a transmissão da doença, nesse caso o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), da mãe para o bebê em três principais formas de transmissão: durante a gestação, no parto e na amamentação do bebê. Sendo assim, é preciso que todas as gestantes realizem testes para diagnósticos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) para, a partir de um diagnóstico positivo, efetuar as medidas necessária para a prevenção. Objetivo: Compreender os fatores de risco da transmissão vertical em gestantes soropositivas para HIV. Metodologia: No presente estudo, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica usando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2021. Porém, artigos com informações relevantes sobre o tema deste trabalho publicado em anos anteriores não foram excluídos. Resultados: A transmissão vertical do vírus da imunodeficiência humana durante a gestação acontece pelo transporte celular transplacental devido a falhas e/ou rupturas na placenta ou se os trofoblastos infeccionados atingirem a circulação fetal. Já durante o parto, principalmente, parto vaginal, essa transmissão pode se dar devido a interação do bebê com secreções maternas como, por exemplo, através da absorção pelo sistema digestivo do recém-nascido. A terceira e última forma de transmissão vertical, se dá durante o período de amamentação, devido ao contato do bebê com o leite materno possivelmente infectado. Conclusões: Portanto, as medidas profiláticas estão relacionadas ao uso de antirretrovirais durante a gestação e pelo recém-nascido; acompanhamento adequado do pré-natal; indicação de parto cesáreo e, a não amamentação pela mãe. Também, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de formas de conscientização para as mulheres sobre a importância das medidas de prevenção necessárias para evitar a transmissão vertical da doença protegendo, assim, a criança.
ENCARCERAMENTO DAS PESSOAS PRIVADAS DE LIBERDADE E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A VULNERABILIDADE DAS DOENÇAS INFECTOCONTAGIOSA
Authors: Sá Andresssa Prates , Duarte Kezia Danielle Leite , Ribeiro Karine Suene Mendes Almeida , Santos Keilla Silva , Silva Thais Pereira
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O encarceramento em que se encontram as pessoas privadas de liberdade é decisivo para o surgimento de doenças infecto contagiosas, sendo assim influencia na qualidade de vida dos portadores dessas patologias, muitas vezes, não são contabilizadas no que diz respeito aos investimentos em saúde é, em geral, negligenciada, no sistema prisional encontram-se dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde devido a barreiras jurídicas, marginalização social e estigma, o que colabora para o crescimento de doenças transmissíveis entre a população do cárcere privado. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura científica com a finalidade de identificar o surgimento das doenças infectocontagiosas em pessoas privadas de liberdade no sistema prisional. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada através de busca de dados online como: Scielo, BVS, google acadêmico com base nos critérios ano de publicação entre 2011 e 2019; publicados em português, espanhol e inglês e artigos com textos completos. Para a consulta foram obtidos por meio de busca das publicações, a combinação dos descritores "doenças infectocontagiosas”, “qualidade de vida” e "Pessoa Privada de Liberdade''. Resultado: Os resultados desta pesquisa reforçaram a concepção de que a população privada de liberdade compõe um grupo vulnerável às doenças infecto contagiosas, devido às questões socioeconômicas e educacionais estarem atreladas ao problema. Estratégias para o controle das doenças devem ser adotadas entre a saúde e a justiça, com a finalidade de detectar e tratar precocemente todos os casos de doenças transmissíveis, seja entre os ingressos do sistema prisional e ou entre a população já encarcerada. Conclusão: De acordo com os dados analisados é possível identificar que as doenças infectocontagiosas constituem um grande problema de saúde na população privada de liberdade e isso necessita ser encarado como uma preocupação por parte dos governantes, uma vez que esses indivíduos possam adoecer e vir a óbito e não completarem seu tempo de reclusão e assim serem impedidos de terem uma nova chance de ressocialização.
NOVO AGENTE COCCIDIANO DA DOENÇA INTESTINAL: CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS
Authors: Rodrigues Larissa Cristina
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O estudo da ciclosporíase está repleto de dificuldades pela pouca conscientização pública. Um fator chave para isso são os métodos especializados de coloração para diagnóstico que não são realizados rotineiramente em laboratórios clínicos, então obtendo o diagnóstico correto é possível aplicar uma medida terapêutica diferenciada para pacientes que possuem esse tipo de enfermidade, visando a inserção de mais técnicas laboratoriais para melhor identificação de novos parasitas. Objetivo: Identificar a presença de Cyclospora cayetanensis em materiais fecais de indivíduos residentes na cidade de Jundiaí. Material e Métodos: Foi executado um estudo prospectivo quantitativo em crianças, adolescentes e adultos de ambos os sexos, sem limite de idade. Sendo critério de escolha pacientes que tenham tido histórico de evacuações aquosas. Em relação aos métodos, utilizou-se, no primeiro momento, o método de sedimentação espontânea (HOFFMAN) realizando a pesquisa de oocistos em fezes frescas na microscopia ótica (objetiva de 40x) e em coloração de ácido resistência, na qual foi utilizada Ziehl Neelsen (não modificado). No segundo momento, para que tivesse um método comparativo, foram visualizadas lâminas á fresco para possível identificação de outras parasitoses, além da qual estava sendo pesquisada. Resultados: Devido a esse protozoário entérico oportunista ser principalmente encontrado em água não tratada, o resultado do presente estudo foi NEGATIVO para a ciclosporíase, bem como outros tipos de parasitoses correlacionadas com a falta de saneamento básico. Sendo um dos fatores chaves para a obtenção deste resultado, a cidade de Jundiaí ser considerada pelo Instituto Trata Brasil como a região com o melhor sistema de tratamento de água no Brasil. Conclusão: Após a obtenção dos resultados, podemos observar que, independente das condições de moradia em regiões mais precárias da cidade de Jundiaí, o sistema de tratamento de água possui uma infraestrutura excelente, que contribui tanto com a população urbana quanto a rural, para que elas possam usufruir da sua excelente qualidade, promovendo segurança à sua saúde e removendo quaisquer probabilidades de contaminação.
PERFIL ETIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE MENINGITE NO PARÁ ENTRE 2010-2020
Authors: Silva Larissa De Souza Da , Silva Matheus Souza Da
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A meningite é uma doença infecciosa caracterizada pela inflamação das meninges, membranas que envolvem o sistema nervoso. Das ocorrências de meningite no Brasil, a mais grave é a bacteriana que tem como agentes etiológicos principais, bactérias meningocócicas e pneumocócicas. No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é ofertada a vacina contra o Haemophilus influenzae sorotipo B o que representa uma medida eficaz no combate aos casos da doença. No entanto, os casos diagnosticados são graves, representam um desafio no tratamento e podem evoluir para o óbito dos indivíduos. Objetivos: Investigar o cenário epidemiológico referente a etiologia da meningite no Brasil entre 2010 e 2020. Metodologia: O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo do tipo ecológico, de abordagem quantitativa, caráter descritivo e retrospectivo realizada no espaço temporal de 2010 a 2020 com base nos dados obtidos através do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 obteve-se um total de 4.424 casos de meningite no estado do Pará, desse total 1.290 casos são causados por Meningite Viral (MV) seguido por 1.099 casos causados por Meningite Bacteriana (MB), 655 casos causados por Meningite Não Especificada (MNE) e 439 casos causados por Meningite por outras etiologias (MOE). Os anos de 2017 e 2018, foram os anos com maior número de casos totalizando 506 e 515 casos, respectivamente. Desse total 179 foram causados por MV, seguido de 107 casos causados por MB, 73 por MNE e 41 por MOE; e em 2018 foram 126 casos causados por MV, 133 por MB, 82 por MNE e 45 por MOE. Conclusão: O acompanhamento do perfil etiológico da meningite deve ser considerado durante o diagnóstico, visto o melhor prognóstico dos indivíduos quando submetidos ao tratamento adequado para cada perfil da doença. Além disso, ressalta-se a importância do diagnóstico em tempo hábil e considerando-se o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos para que isso possibilite um melhor direcionamento das políticas de saúde pelas entidades governamentais, especialmente no que diz respeito aos neonatos e crianças, que representam os principais grupos de risco da doença.
Суперпрезидентская система Р.Т. Эрдогана: куда движется Турция?
Authors: Нечаева Л.В.
Published: October 2021

В статье приводится анализ транзита Турецкой Республики к суперпрезидентской системе. Рассмотрены факторы, благодаря которым действующему президенту Турции Р.Т. Эрдогану и правящей Партия справедливости и развития (ПСР) (тур. Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) на протяжении практически двух десятилетий удавалось сохранять центральное положение на внутриполитической арене страны, также выявлены и описаны причины, приведшие к снижению поддержки сложившегося режима. Основной вывод работы заключается в том, что в настоящее время политическая система Турции находится в «институциональном тупике»: фрагментированная оппозиция не способна предложить альтернативу Р.Т. Эрдогану. В связи с этим можно предположить, что новый электоральный цикл 2023 г. (президентские и парламентские выборы) завершится его переизбранием и сохранением за ПСР доминирующего положения в Великом национальном собрании Турции.
The efficacy of a herbal complex (Gingko biloba, Panax ginseng, Bacopa monerii and Rhodiola rosea) in the management of excessive daytime sleepiness
Authors:   , Mazibuko Sindisiwe Sthembile
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Good sleep is essential to health, yet university students are sleep deprived due to later bedtime and experience sleepiness during the day (Patte et al., 2017), Sleepiness is referred to an increase propensity to fall asleep and excessive sleepiness and sleep disorders are common in our society today (Bittencourt et al., 2005). Previous research suggested that sleep can affect academic performance (Halik et al.2016), this is because students were observed falling asleep in university rooms (Eden, 2006). Brand et al., (2009) also mentioned that students feel sleepy during certain periods of the day especially during classes, during low stimulation and during car or bus rides. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a herbal complex (Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Bacopa monerii & Rhodiola rosea) in the management of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in terms of Epworth sleepiness scale (John, 1991) and Stanford sleepiness scale (Hoddes et al, 1973). METHODOLOGY The study was conducted at the Durban University of Technology and 31 participants were chosen according to a specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was then randomly divided into an active group (herbal treatment) consisting of 21 participants and a placebo group of 10 participants. The measuring tools that were used were Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) (Appendix C) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) (Appendix D). The initial consultation with the researcher consisted of signing the informed consent forms, case taking, physical examinations and filling in the ESS. Thereafter there were two follow up consultations; a week after the first consultation (the second consultation) at which point the treatment/placebo was dispensed and again two weeks from the second consultation which was the last day of the study and at which point medication containers were returned and final case taking and physical examinations were performed. The ESS was completed at recruitment, at the second consultation (both pre-treatment) and at close out and the SSS was completed for a period of three weeks (one week pre-treatment) and two weeks post treatment. RESULTS The data analysis methods that were used in the study were; Cronbach alpha score, One sample Kolmogorov-Simrnov test, Fisher‟s exact test, Pearson‟s correlation test, Independent sample test and ANOVA for ESS and mixed factorial ANOVA was used to evaluate the SSS. In conclusion in terms of the ESS both groups improved significantly over time; degrees of improvement however were not statistically dissimilar although a review of mean scores indicates the active group as having lower scores suggesting a clinically significant trend. SSS data however confirmed statistically significant differences between groups in favour of the active group confirming the herbal complex superior effect over placebo in the treatment of EDS.
Experiences of people affected by rabies in eThekwini District
Authors:   , Hadebe Jeffrey Mduduzi
Published: October 2021

Background Rabies is a notifiable disease which can be fatal; death is preventable if health care is sought timeously. South Africa is one of the countries in Africa adversely affected by rabies. KwaZulu-Natal has had rabies outbreaks in the past, including one in 2012 which claimed four victims in the eThekwini district. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of people affected by rabies in eThekwini district. Methodology The study was guided by a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design. The sample was purposively selected and a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from people affected by rabies in eThekwini district. Data saturation was reached after 12 participants were interviewed. Data was analysed by using Tesch’s eight steps of thematic analysis. Findings Five major themes that emerged from the data analysis were a) family background and support, b) predisposing factors and risky practices, c) barriers to seeking assistance, d) knowledge about rabies and expectations from officials, and e) effect of rabies on the individuals. Conclusion It was evident in the study that community members in general were affected by rabies. Individuals who were directly affected by rabies through contact with rabid animals were expected to take responsibility for their own lives.
Measurement report: Determination of Black Carbon concentration in PM2.5 fraction by Multi-wavelength absorption black carbon instrument (MABI)
Authors: Ryś Anna , Samek Lucyna
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The evaluation of black carbon (BC) sources is very important, especially in environmental sciences. This study shows how the contributions of biomass burning and fossil fuel/traffic to PM2.5 mass can be assessed. MABI was used for this purpose and gave the possibility to measure the transmission of light at different wavelengths. Absorption coefficients were calculated from measurements data and recalculated for concentrations of eBC. The samples of PM2.5 fraction were collected from February 1, 2020 to March 27, 2021 every third day in Krakow, Poland (50°04' N, 19°54'47" E). The concentrations of equivalent BC (eBC) from fossil fuel/traffic and biomass burning were in the range 0.82–11.64 μg m−3) and 0.007–0.84 μg m−3, respectively. At the same time, PM2.5 concentrations varied from 3.14 to 55.24 μg m−3. It means that about 18 % of PM2.5 mass belongs to eBC and 11.3 % of this value comes from biomass burning. The eBC contribution is the significant part of PM2.5 mass and we observed seasonal variation of the eBC concentration during the year with the peak in winter. The contribution of biomass burning to PM2.5 mass is more stable during the whole year. The eBC concentration during workdays is a bit higher than during weekend days but biomass burning is similar for both days (work and weekend taken as the mean for the whole period).
A novel approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide
Authors: Quaglia Ilaria , Visioni Daniele , Pitari Giovanni , Kravitz Ben
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG) methods based on lower stratospheric tropical injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) have been widely discussed in recent years, focusing on the direct and indirect effects they would have on the climate system. Here a potential alternative method is discussed, where sulfur emissions are located at the surface in the form of carbonyl sulfide (COS) gas. A time-dependent chemistry-climate model experiment is designed from year 2021 to 2055, assuming a 40 Tg-S/yr artificial global flux of COS, geographically distributed following the present day anthropogenic COS surface emissions. The budget of COS and sulfur species is discussed, as well as the effects of SG-COS on the stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth (Δ τ = 0.080 in years 2046–2055), aerosol effective radius (0.46 μm), surface SOx deposition (+8.7 %) and tropopause radiative forcing (RF) (−2.0 W/m2 for clear sky conditions and −1.5 W/m2 including the cloud adjustment). Indirect effects on ozone, methane and stratospheric water vapor are also considered, along with the COS direct contribution (with an overall gas phase global radiative forcing of +0.23 W/m2). According to our model results, the resulting net RF of this SG-COS experiment is −1.3 W/m2 for the year 2050, and it is comparable to the corresponding RF of −1.7 W/m2 obtained with a sustained injection of 4 Tg-S/yr in the tropical lower stratosphere in the form of SO2 (SG-SO2, able to produce a comparable increase of the sulfate aerosol optical depth). Significant changes of the stratospheric ozone response are found in SG-COS with respect to SG-SO2 (+4.9 DU versus +1.5 DU, globally). According to the model results, the resulting UVB perturbation at the surface accounts to −4.3 % as a global-annual average (versus −2.4 % in the SG-SO2 case), with a springtime Antarctic decrease of −2.7 % (versus a +5.8 % increase in the SG-SO2 experiment). Overall, we find that an increase in COS surface emission may be feasible, and produce a more latitudinally-uniform forcing without the need for the deployment of stratospheric aircrafts.
Future projections of daily hazy and clear weather conditions over the North China Plain using a Perturbed Parameter Ensemble
Authors: Jain Shipra , Doherty Ruth M. , Sexton David , Turnock Steven , Li Chaofan , Jia Zixuan , Shi Zongbo , Pei Lin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We examine past and future changes in both winter haze and clear weather conditions over the North China Plain (NCP) using a Perturbed Parameter Ensemble (PPE) and elucidate the influence of model physical parameterizations on these future projections for the first time. We use a meteorology-based Haze Weather Index (HWI), which was developed to examine the haze conducive weather conditions for Beijing. We find that the HWI can be used as an indicator of winter haze across the entire NCP due to the extended spatial coherence of the local meteorological conditions. The PPE generated using the UK Met Office HadGEM-GC3 model shows that under a high-emission (RCP8.5) scenario, the frequency of haze conducive weather is likely to increase whereas the frequency of clear weather is likely to decrease in future. However, a change of opposite sign with lower magnitude in the frequencies, though less likely, is also possible. In future, the total number of hazy days for a given winter can be as much as ~3.5 times higher than the number of clear days over the NCP. We also examined the changes in the interannual variability of the frequency of hazy and clear days and find no marked changes in the variability for future periods. The future frequencies of winter hazy and clear days in the PPE are largely driven by changes in zonal-mean mid-tropospheric winds and the vertical temperature gradient over the NCP. We do not find any discernible influence of model physical parameterizations on the future projections of trends in the frequency of hazy or clear days. We find a clear impact of anthropogenic climate change on future trends for both hazy and clear days, however, it is only discernible for specific periods due to the large underlying internal variability in the frequencies of hazy and clear days.
Improvement in algorithms for quality control of weather radar data (RADVOL-QC system)
Authors: Ośródka Katarzyna , Szturc Jan
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Data from weather radars are commonly used in meteorology and hydrology, but they are burdened with serious disturbances, especially due to the appearance of numerous non-meteorological echoes. For this reason, these data are subject to advanced quality control algorithms. The paper presents a significant improvement of the RADVOL-QC system made necessary by the appearance of an increasing number of various disturbances. New algorithms are mainly addressed to the occurrence of clutter caused by wind turbines (DP.TURBINE algorithm) and other terrain obstacles (DP.NMET algorithm), as well as various forms of echoes caused by the interaction of a radar beam with RLAN signals (set of SPIKE algorithms). The individual algorithms are based on the employment of polarimetric data as well as on the geometric analysis of echo patterns. In the paper the algorithms are described along with examples of their performance and an assessment of their effectiveness, and finally examples of the performance of the whole system are discussed.
Formation of glacier tables caused by differential ice melting
Authors: Hénot Marceau , Langlois Vincent , Plihon Nicolas , Taberlet Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Glacier tables are structures frequently encountered on temperate glaciers. They consist of a rock supported by a narrow ice foot which forms through differential melting of the ice. In this article, we investigate their formation by following their dynamics on the Mer de glace glacier (Alps, France). We report field measurements of four specific glacier tables over the course of several days, as well as snapshot measurements of a field of 80 tables performed on one given day. We develop a simple analytical 1-D heat conduction model accounting for the various mechanisms of the heat transfer on the glacier using local meteoreorological data, and which displays excellent agreement with the field measurements. We show that the formation of glacier tables results from a competition between two effects: on the one hand, a geometrical amplification of the heat flux received by the rock and transmitted to the ice underneath on the one hand, and on the other hand, a shielding effect resulting from the warmer temperature of the rocks compared to that of the ice (reducing the sensible and net infrared incident fluxes). The latter is greatly amplified by direct solar irradiation, which induces a strong temperature gradient across the thickness of the rock.
Mitigating negative transference in foreign language articulatory phonetics: Revisiting explicit instruction
Authors: Wagner Lisa C. , Rodríguez-Castro Mónica , Zampaulo André
Published: October 2021

The development of oral communication competence is acknowledged as generally overlooked or misunderstood in the literature. The aim of this article is to discuss results from an investigation into the use of explicit instruction as a pedagogical approach to mitigate pronunciation interference among third-year university students learning Spanish as a second-language. Two groups were formed: an experimental group, which received explicit phonetic instruction, and a second group, which served as the control group. Three raters independently evaluated phonetic accuracy in pretest and post-test sessions. Results suggest that pronunciation instruction leads to statistically significant improvement with regard to syllabification, prosodic stress, natural reading speed, intonation patterns, and the pronunciation of rhotic, voiced stop, approximant, and fricative consonants. Results also indicate that the assessment tools developed in this study are appropriate for measuring the overall enhancement of Spanish pronunciation accuracy, and could therefore be used in the foreign language classroom.
En la frontera digital. Didáctica de la literatura y videojuego en el abordaje de "Remember Me" y "Life is Strange"
Authors: Molina Ahumada Ernesto Pablo
Published: October 2021

Partiendo de una concepción crítica de la didáctica de la literatura (Bombini, 2013; Gerbaudo, 2011a, 2011b), este trabajo plantea una propuesta de comprensión lectora del videojuego como texto de lectura en el aula a partir del análisis del conjunto de relaciones, envíos (Gerbaudo) o conexiones (Colomer, 2005) que se pueden suscitar hacia otros textos culturales circundantes, poniendo de relieve la especificidad del proceso de construcción de sentido que caracteriza al videojuego como artefacto digital (Aarseth, 1997; Bogost, 2010; Juul 2013; Murray, 1999). El trabajo parte de problematizar la relación entre didáctica de la literatura y lectura escolar, introduciendo como variable el impacto transformador de la cultura digital sobre los textos de lectura, así como sobre los modos y alcance de la práctica de leer, atendiendo fundamentalmente a las condiciones semióticas, retóricas, y de recepción-participación que habilita el videojuego. A partir de allí, se toman como ejemplo dos juegos del estudio francés Dontnod, Remember Me (2013) y Life is Strange (2015), y se despliega un conjunto de propuestas de abordaje didáctico. Esta ejemplificación busca demostrar el modo en que se podrían desarrollar desde la escuela, habilidades específicas y competencia lectora sobre las tramas de relaciones entre textos de un sistema cultural (Baricco, 2008; Lotman, 1996). En resumen, nuestro trabajo invita a pensar el videojuego como texto complejo, capaz de potenciar procesos de lectura por su funcionamiento y por su capacidad de generar envíos hacia otros textos.
La compétence numérique dans l’Apprentissage des langues médiatisé par les technologies (ALMT)
Authors: Gil Casadomet Aránzazu
Published: October 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons une réflexion théorico-méthodologique de l’intégration du Référentiel UNESCO de compétences TIC pour les enseignants (ITC-CFT; 2018, 3e version) et du projet European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp; 2017, version 2.1), mené par la Commission européenne, au sein de la Didactique des langues (DDL) et du processus d’enseignement-apprentissage (E/A) d’une langue étrangère, récemment nommé en français l’Apprentissage des Langues Médiatisé par les Technologies (ALMT). Cette réflexion portera notamment sur les différents acteurs de l’environnement numérique dans l’enseignement supérieur, tels que la formation de l’enseignant et de l’étudiant en matière numérique, le contexte de l’environnement, qu’il s’agisse d’un enseignement en présentiel, hybride ou à distance, et la méthodologie de l’enseignement de l’apprentissage dirigé vers l’auto-apprentissage.
TLP - 2.02 = TMLP
Authors: Schang Fabien
Published: October 2021

Wittgenstein (1929) took the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to be invalidated by logical atomism. I propose to revalidate TLP by subtracting the thesis 2.02 (“The object is simple”) from it: atomic facts are not made of simple objects but, rather, of bits of information the objects are made of.
KANTIANS MAKE BAD FRIENDS; SUSPENDING MORAL RESPONSIBILITY IN RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Myers Jordan
Published: October 2021

In this essay, I will briefly examine the Kantian ethical tradition as inherited by Christine Korsgaard. I argue that the Kantian is committed to a morally impractical conclusion: that she must hold others morally responsible without exception. I explain the concept of moral responsibility in the Kantian and consequentialist frameworks, and then illustrate why the Kantian’s is an impractical imperative through an examination of its interpersonal effects. I end by suggesting that a consequentialist view offers a more robust framework for moral responsibility.
THE WORLD-CLASS SCM MANAGER
Authors: Shahraki Ali Reza , Paghaleh Morteza Jamali
Published: October 2021

Supply Chain Management is the optimized operation of the supply chain. It requires someone who can optimize the resources while at the same time interacting with the forces that cause pressures against the supply chain. It requires someone who can develop a strategic plan for continuous optimization and improvement. It requires a supply chain manager. So what is a supply chain manager? This individual is someone who can identify the critical resources that move through the supply chain; someone who can identify the forces that come into play and that affect the performance of these resources; and someone who can use this information to develop goals, objectives, and a strategy around which to optimize the flow of the supply chain. This sounds like a big task, and it is. But numerous tools are available to help you with this task, and as we move forward we will learn more about these tools. There are several types of managers, and they can be categorized in numerous ways. One type is the sunrise manager who has a view toward the future, as opposed to the sunset manager who fights fires in the here and now. Another way to classify managers is to consider their attitudes toward their subordinates. The two extremes are the authoritarian manager and the participative manager.
CUSTOMERS’ PREFERENCE FOR E – BANKING SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS IN SIERRA LEONE
Authors: GBADEYAN R. A. , GBONDA O. O. AKINYOSOYE
Published: October 2021

The development and the increasing progress that is being experienced in the Information and Communication Technology have brought about a lot of changes in almost all facets of life. In the Banking Industry, it has been in the form of online banking, which is now replacing the traditional banking practice. Online banking has a lot of benefits which add value to customers’ satisfaction in terms of better quality of service offerings and at the same time enable the banks gain more competitive advantage over other competitors. There are some associated risks identified in the study that seem to hinder the success of e-banking services and thus constitute major concern to both financial institutions and customers. This paper therefore, examines, if customers’ choice of banks is influenced by the quality of e–banking services provided. Stratified sampling was used; while the survey Instrument was a developed Questionnaire comprising open ended and Likert type of questions. The Likert type questions have a 4 point scale (indicating 1 = very comfortable and 4 = uncomfortable) divided into two (2) sections: personal details and customers’ e-banking preference in Sierra Leone. The instrument contained 36 items and was administered to about 400 respondents, while 360 completed and returned their Questionnaire. The statistical techniques used for the analysis were the Chi–Square and correlation. The Chi–Square analysis revealed that the quality of e–banking services offered by banks have significant influence on their customers at 95%, 3 degree of freedom. The paper recommends that various measures should be put in place to ensure more security such as installation of encrypted software, verification system of customer’s identification cards, frequent change of password, examining test questions and using mixed password such as the use of alphanumeric amongst others. The paper concludes that e –banking has become important phenomenon in the banking industry and it will continue as more progress and innovations are made in information technology.
Особенности размерно-фононного поглощения света в цилиндрических проволоках
Authors: Эшпулатов Б.Э. , Хужанова Д.Ш. , Хужанов А.Ш.
Published: October 2021

Развита теория формы линии размерно-фононного поглощения света в размерно-квантованной полупроводниковой проволоке цилиндрической формы. Показано, что размерно-фононное поглощение содержит квадратичную логарифмическую сингулярность. Получены частотные зависимости резонансного размерно-фононного поглощения, когда переход между уровнями сопровождается испусканием оптического фонона. Определены спектры электрон-фононной системы в случае резонансной связи между соседними уровнями.
Исследование набухания полимерных мембран в кювете ограниченного размера с помощью Фурье ИК-спектрометрии
Authors: Бункин Н.Ф. , Сабиров Л.М. , Козлов В.А. , Жураев Й.Т. , Хайдаров Х.С.
Published: October 2021

В экспериментах по Фурье ИК-спектрометрии изучен режим набухания полимерной мембраны нафион в воде, залитой в кювету, характерный размер которой порядка толщины мембраны. Интерес к этим исследованиям обусловлен тем, что при набухании нафиона в кювете, размер которой много больше толщины мембраны, происходит эффективное «разматывание» полимерных волокон в объем воды [1]. этот процесс не был изучен в случае, когда область, которую занимают размотанные полимерные волокна, ограничена размером кюветы. Показано, что в этом случае временная динамика перехода полимера из гидрофобного в гидрофильное состояние имеет ряд специфических особенностей, которые зависят от размера кюветы, от изотопного состава, содержания ионов и предварительной обработки воды. Пропитанные водой полимерные мембраны находят широкое применение в низкотемпературной водородной энергетике, используются в электролизерах, генераторах водорода, а также в водородных топливных элементах.
Assessment of Job Induced Stress and Self-Competency among the Newly Joined Staff Nurses Working in the Selected Hospital, West Bengal
Authors: Khanam Riya
Published: October 2021

Descriptive survey research was conducted to assess the job induced stress and self competency among the newly joined staff nurses in a government hospital, West Bengal with the objective to identify the level of job induced stress and level of self competency among newly joined staff nurses, to identify the relationship between job induced stress and self competency among the newly joined staff nurses, to identify the association between level of job induced stress and socio-demographic variables and level of self competency among newly joined staff nurses. The conceptual framework was based on the NIOSH model of job stress and health. Data were collected from 100 newly joined staff nurses by non-probability Convenience sampling technique with the help of standardized HSE job stress questionnaire and Professional Competency Self-Assessment Tool Adapted from Virginia Tech. Findings revealed that all of the newly joined staff nurses had below mean score of each area (demand- 2.15 controls- 2.17, support – 2.32 relationship- 2.5, role- 2.55, and change 2.24) which indicated that they had experienced a very high-risk stress level. And Majority (77%) newly joined staff nurses had experienced a moderate level of self competency. Statistically significant relationship t = 9.922, p < 0.05 was found between the level of job induced stress and self competency respectively. Statistically, a significant positive relation was found between job induced stress level and selected demographic variables like level of qualification, total family income, marital status, and place of living, and no significant association was found with age, job experience, and types of family. Statistically, a significant association was found between the level of self competency and selected demographic variables like level of qualification like the place of posting, marital status, and types of family, and no significant association was found with age, job experience, total family income, and place of living. Considering the findings, some recommendations were offered for future research.

Key words: Job induced stress, Self competency, newly joined staff nurses,
Effectiveness of Channel-Free Hearing Aid and Noise Desensitisation Training in Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder - Single Case Study
Authors: Sreedhar Sreebha , K P Nihala , M H Aleesha
Published: October 2021

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder is a rare condition wherein neural transmission through the VIIIth nerve and auditory brainstem is disrupted with intact peripheral hearing. Most frequently reported symptoms by individuals suffering from such conditions include impaired speech discrimination especially in presence of background noise. The aim of this single case study is to emphasize the effectiveness of channel-free technology as a rehabilitative option and to demonstrate the improvement in speech perception in noise with noise desensitisation training. A 24-year-old male patient reported to the National Institute of Speech and Hearing with the complaint of poor speech comprehension. The audiological profile revealed, bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss in pure tone audiometry with poor speech discrimination scores, bilateral ‘A’ type tympanogram with absent acoustic reflexes, good signal to noise ratio in otoacoustic emissions, and absent Auditory Brainstem Response at 95 dBnHL bilaterally suggestive of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in both the ears. As a part of rehabilitation, hearing aids with multiple channels and channel-free technology were tried and better speech discrimination scores were obtained with channel-free technology. In order to address poor speech discrimination in presence of noise, noise desensitisation training was given at different Signal to Noise Ratio with channel-free hearing aids and was found to be effective in improving the speech discrimination scores especially in adverse listening conditions.

Key words: Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, Channel free hearing aid, Noise desensitisation.
A Case Report of Dual Infection of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis and Scabies in a Diabetic Patient
Authors: . Beena , Soujanya Betu Rama
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus is an immunosuppressed condition and patients with this condition are more prone to bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections and infestations. Mucormycosis is one of the acute opportunistic infections seen in diabetic individuals which are the third most common angioinvasive disease. Scabies is an acute form of skin disease seen in immune-compromised patients like diabetic individuals and is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei.
Early identification, successful management, and prompt medical/surgical intervention reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with them.
​Hereby we report a case of dual infection of mucormycosis and scabies in a diabetic individual.

Key words: Knowledge and practice, child survival strategies, mothers, south Nigeria.
Assessment of Ankle Joint Proprioception in Cricket Players
Authors: Mawani Dhruti , Ghumatkar Mayuri , Kumar Ajay
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Superior balance ability is necessary to achieve the highest competitive level and avoid lower limb injuries. Balance control improvement is one of the most important goals in sports and exercise. Better the balance, better is the performance. Proprioception plays an important role in balance control and ankle proprioception is arguably the most important. Cricket is an evolving sport and it the ankle-foot complex in the only part that comes in contact with the ground which further leads to ankle injuries. Ankle proprioception is altered by sport related injuries or fatigue all of which subsequently leads to altered balance mobility. Ankle injuries often leads to disruption of muscles and tendons with associated damage to inherent mechanoreceptors which detrimentally alters the quality of proprioceptive information required for balance control. This study consists of an assessment of ankle joint proprioception in cricket players using an active to active reproduction test.
Methodology: An observational study was conducted among 40 cricket players. Ankle proprioception was assessed using an active to active reproduction test. The mean difference between both the positions were then calculated.
Results: The result of this study showed a clinically significant difference in both ankle plantarflexion and ankle dorsiflexion. The results also showed that right sided movements were affected in subjects who are right sided dominant and the same was there for left sided dominant subjects. The mean errors in Right PF and Left PF was 4.15º and 1.75º respectively which signifies that Right PF is affected in cricket players. The mean errors in Right DF and Left DF was 2.825º and 2.025º respectively which signifies that Right DF is more affected than that of Left DF.
Conclusion: The ankle proprioception was affected in majority of the individuals. A clinically significant increase is noted in Right PF, Right DF and Left DF. Right plantarflexion was affected more than that of left plantarflexion and right dorsiflexion was affected more than that of left dorsiflexion. Hence, right sided dominant people showed affection in right sided movements and those who were left sided dominant showed affection in left sided movements. These results thus signify that the players are at mild risk of having ankle injuries because ankle proprioception is associated with ankle injuries which then indirectly affects the performance of the player.

Key words: Ankle proprioception, Cricket Players, Balance, Active to Active reproduction test.