bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Part 2. Pericyclic Methods
Authors: Stevenson Paul J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Part 1. Free‐Radical Reactions
Authors: Penkett Clive S. , Sanderson Jason T.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Growth Kinetic Profiles in Solid‐State Fermentation
Authors: Viccini Graciele , Mitchell David A. , Boit Silvia D. , Gern Juliana C. , Da Rosa Alexandre S. , Costa Roberta M. , Dalsenter Farah D. H. , Von Meien Oscar F. , Krieger Nadia
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nature of the Bonding Between Metalloporphyrins (Fe(II), Co(II), Mn(II)) and Oxygen Species (×O‐O×, H2+O×/HO×, HOO×,×O×)
Authors: Sawyer Donald T.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Use of the SAFT Approach in Describing Electrolytes, Interfaces, Liquid Crystals and Polymers.
Authors: Paricaud Patrice , Galindo Amparo , Jackson George
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Relevance of PDT‐Induced Inflammatory Response for the Outcome of Photodynamic Therapy.
Authors: Korbelik Mladen , Cecic Ivana , Sun Jinghai
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Nomenclature. Nuclear Spin Properties and Conventions for Chemical Shifts (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)
Authors: Harris Robin K. , Becker Edwin D. , Cabral De Menezes Sonia M. , Goodfellow Robin , Granger Pierre
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calculations of Excited‐State Conformational Properties
Authors: Olivucci Massimo , Robb Michael A. , Bernardi Fernando
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emerging clinical principles on the use of bevacizumab for the treatment of malignant gliomas
Authors: Chamberlain Marc C.
Published: May 2010

Despite advances in adjuvant therapy, the prognosis for most patients with high‐grade glioma (HGG) is poor, and almost all HGGs have a likelihood of disease recurrence. HGGs are highly vascularized tumors with elevated expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important mediator of angiogenesis. A compelling biologic rationale, a pressing need for improved therapeutics and positive results from studies of bevacizumab in other tumor types, led to the evaluation of bevacizumab in the treatment of HGG. It was demonstrated previously that bevacizumab, which is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF, improved outcomes when combined with chemotherapy (most commonly irinotecan) in patients with recurrent HGG; and, on the basis of an improved objective response rate in 2 prospective phase 2 studies, bevacizumab was granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration as a single agent in patients with previously treated glioblastoma (GB). Bevacizumab‐containing therapy has been associated with manageable, class‐specific toxicity; however, severe treatment‐related adverse events are observed in a minority of patients. Preliminary data on bevacizumab‐based therapy in recurrent anaplastic gliomas, in the frontline treatment of GB, and in additional patient populations are also encouraging. With the goal of addressing unanswered questions regarding the optimal use of bevacizumab, the objective of the current review was to provide a summary of the clinical efficacy and safety data on bevacizumab in patients with HGG, the practical issues surrounding the administration of bevacizumab, and ongoing investigations of bevacizumab in additional brain tumor treatment settings. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Myosin‐actin interaction in Dictyostelium cells revealed by GFP‐based strain sensor and validated linear spectral unmixing
Authors: Iwai Sosuke , Uyeda Taro Q. P.
Published: May 2010

Myosin is an actin‐based motor protein that is involved in a wide range of cellular motile processes. Although in vitro properties of the myosin‐actin interaction have been extensively studied, the interaction in vivo remains poorly understood. Recently, we developed a GFP‐based strain sensor termed PriSSM (PRIM‐based strain sensor module), by using the proximity imaging (PRIM) technique, which detects spectral changes of two GFP molecules that are in direct contact. Using PriSSM‐myosin II fusion proteins, the interaction between myosin II and F‐actin can be detected in Dictyostelium cells. In the spectroscopic measurements of PriSSM, to decompose the measured spectra of the cells expressing the sensor proteins into the contributions from the sensor and the background autofluorescence, we applied the linear spectral unmixing approach, which was based on the assumption that the errors at each wavelength were independent. Cellular autofluorescence, however, often includes systematic errors, so that the unmixing procedures might lead to biased estimates. Here, to validate our spectral unmixing procedures, we estimate the possible maximum errors in the fluorescence ratio values that are obtained by unmixing spectra including such systematic errors. This estimation provided a general criterion to validate the results obtained by linear unmixing of spectra including serially correlated error terms. Using the proposed criterion and PriSSM‐myosin II fusion proteins, we examined the interaction between myosin II and F‐actin in Dictyostelium cells under several different conditions. The spectroscopic results, together with the microscopic observations of the cells expressing the proteins, suggest that the formation of myosin filaments through the tail region has only a slight effect on binding to F‐actin but has significant effects on the cortical localization of myosin II. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Viability states of bacteria—Specific mechanisms of selected probes
Authors: Sträuber Heike , Müller Susann
Published: May 2010

Single cell techniques like flow cytometry combined with viability staining can help to obtain information on viability states of bacteria. Many fluorescent dyes are available for this purpose and can be chosen according to the available excitation source, the species used, and the background of scientific questions and relevant specifications. Within this short overview, we focus on two diverse groups of bacteria: the gram−Escherichia coliand representatives of the gram+Mycobacteriumto demonstrate differences and similarities in dye uptake principles, processing and binding. We call for attention to possible diverse responses of different species to various viability assays. The cell surface structure of bacteria and the chemical properties of fluorescent probes considerably determine the success of a certain staining practice. Particular focus was drawn on analysis of membrane integrity, uptake of substrates and transformation of fluorogenic substrates. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Determination of the enantiomers of α‐hydroxy‐ and α‐amino acids in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Pormsila Worapan , Gong Xiao Yang , Hauser Peter C.
Published: May 2010

The enantiomers of the anions of five α‐hydroxy acids, namely lactic acid, α‐hydroxybutyric acid, 2‐hydroxycaproic acid, 2‐hydroxyoctanoic acid and 2‐hydroxydecanoic acid, as well as the two α‐amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid, were baseline separated and detected by CE with contactless conductivity detection. Vancomycin was employed as chiral selector and could be used with conductivity detection without having to resort to a partial filling protocol as needed when this reagent is used with UV absorbance measurements. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of the lactic acid enantiomers in samples of milk and yogurt. Linearity was achieved in the concentration range of 10–500 μmol/L with good correlation coefficients (0.9993 and 0.9990 for L‐ and D‐lactic acid, respectively). The LODs (3 S/N) for L‐ and D‐lactic acid were determined as 2.8 and 2.4 μmol/L, respectively.
Reliability evaluation for distribution systems with distribution generation
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Liu Chuanquan , He Weiguo , Bao Hailong
Published: May 2010

The increasing distributed generation (DG) penetration on distribution systems requires the development of reliability model including DGs for evaluating the impact of DGs on distribution systems. This paper presents a new reliability evaluation model considering the DGs, which can handle the influence of DGs on the distribution system, and an optimization model of distribution network islanding program is built, in which the maximum equivalent load is taken as the objective function. The depth‐first search and breadth‐first search technology are used to solve the problem. Besides, the minimal path method of the traditional assessment analysis is well modified to suit for the calculation of the distribution system with DGs. An IEEE‐RBTS system is analyzed to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the Dynamics of a Direct Parallel Combination of Supercapacitors and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Papra M. , Büchi F. N. , Kötz R.
Published: May 2010

Hydrogen fuelled vehicles with a fuel cell based powertrain are considered to contribute to sustainable mobility by reducing CO2 emissions from road transport. In such vehicles the fuel cell system is typically hybridised with an energy storage device such as a battery or a supercapacitor (SC) to allow for recovering braking energy and assist the fuel cell system for peak power. The direct parallel combination of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and a SC without any control electronics is investigated in the present study. It is demonstrated that the combination enhances the dynamics of the PEFC significantly during load changes. However, due to the lack of a power electronic interface the SC cannot be utilised to its optimum capacity.
The strength of HR practices in India and their effects on employee career success, performance, and potential
Authors: Stumpf Stephen A. , Doh Jonathan P. , Tymon, Walter G.
Published: May 2010

This study explores the role of HR practices for individual and organizational success via a survey of 4,811 employees from 32 units of 28 companies operating in India. We report on employee perceptions of the effectiveness of three specific human resource practices within their firms and the relationship of these practices to career success, performance, and potential. Companies operating in India appear to be creating strong human resource climates based on structured HR practices in performance management, professional development, and normalized performance ratings. The perceived effectiveness of these HR practices influences employees' perceptions of career success and, to a lesser extent, organizationally rated performance and potential. We report differences in perceptions of HR practices among national, international, and global companies and among the industries of information technology (IT), manufacturing, and services. The relationship to perceived HR practices and outcomes was partially contingent on firm geographic scope and industry sector. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of an acute d‐amphetamine administration on context information memory in healthy volunteers: evidence from a source memory task
Authors: Zeeuws Inge , Deroost Natacha , Soetens Eric
Published: May 2010

Rationale

Previous research demonstrated a positive effect of d‐amphetamine on long‐term verbal memory. An improvement in memory for contextual information is proposed as a possible mechanism underlying the d‐amphetamine facilitation effect.

Objectives

A double blind, placebo controlled experiment was used to examine the processes involved in episodic memory affected by an acute administration of d‐amphetamine. We investigated whether positive effects of d‐amphetamine on item memory could be extended to context information by using a source memory paradigm.

Methods

In a within‐subjects design with two sessions, two study lists were presented in each session and participants were required to make an old/new recognition decision (item memory) and a list discrimination judgement (source memory) after delays of 1 h, 1 day and 1 week.

Results

Enhancement of item memory after d‐amphetamine intake was observed on delayed tests only, confirming that amphetamine does not affect short‐term memory or memory acquisition, but rather a process operating after initial encoding. Importantly, we found an enhancement in remembering the source of recognized items after d‐amphetamine administration.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that an acute administration of d‐amphetamine helps to bind different features of an item in memory, in turn leading to an increased ability to recollect both the item and its context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of bedrock groundwater in the rainfall–runoff process in a small headwater catchment underlain by volcanic rock
Authors: Iwagami Sho , Tsujimura Maki , Onda Yuichi , Shimada Jun , Tanaka Tadashi
Published: May 2010

The role of bedrock groundwater in rainfall–runoff processes is poorly understood. Hydrometric, tracer and subsurface water potential observations were conducted to study the role of bedrock groundwater and subsurface flow in the rainfall–runoff process in a small headwater catchment in Shiranui, Kumamoto prefecture, south‐west Japan. The catchment bedrock consists of a strongly weathered, fractured andesite layer and a relatively fresh continuous layer. Major chemical constituents and stable isotopic ratios of δ18O and δD were analysed for spring water, rainwater, soil water and bedrock groundwater. Temporal and spatial variation in SiO2 showed that stream flow under the base flow condition was maintained by bedrock groundwater. Time series of three components of the rainstorm hydrograph (rainwater, soil water and bedrock groundwater) separated by end member mixing analysis showed that each component fluctuated during rainstorm, and their patterns and magnitudes differed between events. During a typical mid‐magnitude storm event, a delayed secondary runoff peak with 1·0 l s−1 was caused by increase in the bedrock groundwater component, whereas during a large rainstorm event the bedrock groundwater component increased to ≈ 2·5 l s−1. This research shows that the contribution of bedrock groundwater and soil water depends strongly on the location of the groundwater table, i.e. whether or not it rises above the soil–bedrock interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved AMC‐coupled runoff curve number model
Authors: Sahu Ram Kumar , Mishra S. K. , Eldho T. I.
Published: May 2010

In the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS‐CN) method, the three levels of antecedent moisture condition (AMC) permit unreasonable sudden jumps in curve numbers, which result into corresponding jumps in the estimated runoff. A few recently developed SCS‐CN‐based models obviate this problem, yet they have several limitations. In this study, such a model incorporating a continuous function for antecedent moisture has been presented. It has several advantages over the other existing SCS‐CN‐based models. Its application to a large dataset from US watersheds showed to perform better than the existing SCS‐CN method and the others based on it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrograph characteristics of quick and slow runoffs of a watershed outlet, Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Shin‐Jen
Published: May 2010

This study explores the hydrograph characteristics of quick and slow runoffs in watershed outlet hydrographs. The quick and slow runoffs were modelled using a conceptual model of three linear cascade reservoirs that have exponential decay response expressions. Mean rainfall for model inputs was estimated using the block Kriging method. The 107 storms during the 1966–2008 events were classified as large, medium and small events according to the observed streamflow. The optimal hydrograph parameters for 61 rainfall‐runoff events were calibrated using the shuffled complex evolution optimal algorithm. The efficacy of the model was verified using the seven averaged parameters of three types of 46 events and was compared with three evaluation criteria resulting from the Nash model. The 61 calibrations were used to analyse and compare the characteristics of quick and slow flows in early and later periods (1966–2002 and 2003–2008). Finally, the following five conclusions were obtained: (1) The base time of a slow runoff hydrograph is the same as that of a total runoff hydrograph. (2) A quick runoff with a long period occurs when soil antecedent moisture is low and with a short period under a high value. (3) The time to peak of hydrograph components is directly proportional to peak time of a hyetograph; the time to peak of quick and slow flows is about 0·97 and 1·12 times the peak time of a hyetograph, respectively. (4) The peak of hydrograph components is relative to a total runoff hydrograph; the percentages for quick runoff are approximately 71% and 13% for slow flow. Finally, (5) the volume of a quick runoff component is 49% of a total runoff volume and 37% for a slow runoff volume. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating current global river runoff with a global hydrological model: model revisions, validation, and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Gosling Simon N. , Arnell Nigel W.
Published: May 2010

Global hydrological models (GHMs) model the land surface hydrologic dynamics of continental‐scale river basins. Here we describe one such GHM, the Macro‐scale—Probability‐Distributed Moisture model.09 (Mac‐PDM.09). The model has undergone a number of revisions since it was last applied in the hydrological literature. This paper serves to provide a detailed description of the latest version of the model. The main revisions include the following: (1) the ability for the model to be run for n repetitions, which provides more robust estimates of extreme hydrological behaviour, (2) the ability of the model to use a gridded field of coefficient of variation (CV) of daily rainfall for the stochastic disaggregation of monthly precipitation to daily precipitation, and (3) the model can now be forced with daily input climate data as well as monthly input climate data. We demonstrate the effects that each of these three revisions has on simulated runoff relative to before the revisions were applied. Importantly, we show that when Mac‐PDM.09 is forced with monthly input data, it results in a negative runoff bias relative to when daily forcings are applied, for regions of the globe where the day‐to‐day variability in relative humidity is high. The runoff bias can be up to − 80% for a small selection of catchments but the absolute magnitude of the bias may be small. As such, we recommend future applications of Mac‐PDM.09 that use monthly climate forcings acknowledge the bias as a limitation of the model. The performance of Mac‐PDM.09 is evaluated by validating simulated runoff against observed runoff for 50 catchments. We also present a sensitivity analysis that demonstrates that simulated runoff is considerably more sensitive to method of PE calculation than to perturbations in soil moisture and field capacity parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges for a mature insolvency system in a transitional economy: Lessons from Croatia
Authors: Sajter Domagoj
Published: May 2010

Being a post‐communist, central‐eastern economy, Croatia and its insolvency system resembles many transitional countries in the region. In order to achieve a better perspective of the current situation, problems, and their possible solutions, a broad research of the Croatian insolvency system was carried out. Questionnaires were sent out to bankruptcy practitioners, interviews with some of the most experienced experts in the field were performed, and extensive databases have been obtained.

The findings show a high level of tolerance of government institutions towards insolvency, making insolvency procedure in practice non‐compulsory even though the Corporations law (Article 626) proclaims non‐filing as punishable, with the penalties rising up to 2 years of imprisonment. As the data present, filing for bankruptcy does not necessarily have to be expected even in the case of long‐term (over 1 year) insolvency. This tolerance was present long before the recession and the global crisis of the late 2000s began. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ribosomal A‐site: Decoding, Drug Target, and Disease
Authors: Matt Tanja , Akbergenov Rashid , Shcherbakov Dmitry , Böttger Erik C.
Published: May 2010

Abstract: Accurate decoding is central in protein synthesis. It occurs at the aa‐tRNA decoding site (A‐site) on the small ribosomal subunit to recognize the interactions between the aa‐tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon. Ribosomal RNA sequence polymorphism in the mitoribosomal A‐site is associated with maternally transmitted deafness and hypersusceptibility to aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides, an important class of broad‐range antimicrobial agents, bind to the A‐site of the small ribosomal subunit. These compounds preferentially target the prokaryotic over the eukaryotic ribosome and affect protein synthesis by inducing codon misreading and inhibiting tRNA translocation. The therapeutic use of these compounds is compromised by significant toxicity, in particular ototoxicity. Recent evidence converges on mitochondrial mistranslation as a key element in both mitochondrial rRNA polymorphism‐associated and aminoglycoside‐induced deafness. It constitutes a formidable challenge to build upon this insight and to develop aminoglycosides which are more selective and consequently may not be plagued by mechanism of action related toxicity.
Elongation Factors EFIA and EF‐Tu: Their Role in Translation and Beyond
Authors: Berisio Rita , Ruggiero Alessia , Vitagliano Luigi
Published: May 2010

Protein biosynthesis is a central process in cell life. Although the ribosome provides the machinery for biosynthesis, successful translation of the information contained in mRNA also relies on a number of protein factors that transiently associate with this giant ribonucleic complex. Among them, the elongation factors EF‐Tu (bacteria) and EFIA (eukarya and archaea), which carry the aa‐tRNA to the ribosome, have earned a special consideration. Here we present an excursus of structural information collected in the last decade on these enzymes. A significant advance in this field has been the recent crystallographic characterization of the complex between ribosome and EF‐Tu. These findings, along with structural studies performed on EF‐Tu complexes with small molecules and proteins, have provided a picture of the interactions of these proteins with a differentiate variety of biological partners. In contrast to EF‐Tu, the structural characterization of the states assumed by archaeal and eukaryal EFIA is largely incomplete. Here we also review solution and computational studies that have been successfully applied to integrate and complement crystallographic data. Analogies and differences between EFs isolated from different organisms will be highlighted. The new challenges of this research area, including the structural interpretation of the role of these proteins in other biological processes, are also addressed.
Short‐term exposure to nonylphenol induces pancreatic oxidative stress and alters liver glucose metabolism in adult female rats
Authors: Jubendradass R. , D'Cruz Shereen Cynthia , Mathur P. P.
Published: May 2010

Nonylphenol is known to have estrogenic properties and has been reported to cause health hazards to animals and humans. The effects of nonylphenol on pancreas are not clearly elucidated. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of nonylphenol on the oxidative status of pancreas and consequential effects of nonylphenol on some of the end points of carbohydrate metabolism in the female rats. Rats were administered nonylphenol orally at the doses of 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 days. After 24 h of last dosing, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The activities of pancreatic superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased with a concomitant increase in the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. Nonylphenol increased plasma insulin levels with a concomitant decrease in the levels of plasma glucose as compared to the control groups of rats. A dose‐dependent increase in the activities of liver hexokinase and phosphofructokinase was recorded along with decreased activity of glycogen phosphorylase in liver. Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of GLUT‐2. These results show that nonylphenol causes oxidative stress in pancreas and impairs liver glucose homeostasis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:77–83, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20361
Thyroid tumor marker genomics and proteomics: Diagnostic and clinical implications
Authors: Carpi Angelo , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Saussez Sven , Nicolini Andrea
Published: May 2010

Two systems biology concepts, genomics and proteomics, are highlighted in this review. These techniques are implemented to optimize the use of thyroid tumor markers (TTM). Tissue microarray studies can produce genetic maps and proteomics, patterns of protein expression of TTM derived from preoperative biopsies and specimens. For instance, papillary and medullary thyroid cancers harbor RAS, RET, and BRAF genetic mutations. Follicular thyroid cancers harbor translocations and fusions of certain genes (PAX 8 and PPAR‐gamma). Proteomic analysis from various tissue sources can provide useful information regarding the overall state of a thyroid cancer cell. Understanding the molecular events related to these genetic and protein alterations can potentially clarify thyroid cancer pathogenesis and guide appropriate molecular targeted therapies. However, despite the realization that these emerging technologies hold great promise, there are still significant obstacles to the routine use of TTM. These include equivocal thyroid nodule tissue morphologic interpretations, inadequate standardization of methods, and monetary costs. Interpretative shortcomings are frequently due to the relative scarcity of cellular material from fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens. This can be rectified with large needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB) techniques and is exemplified by the favorable performance of galectin‐3 determinations on LNAB specimens. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 612–619, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of Vasa in the frog Rana rugosa
Authors: Saotome Kazuhiro , Hayashi Kota , Adachi Noritaka , Nakamura Yoriko , Nakamura Masahisa
Published: May 2010

We cloned a cDNA encoding Vasa, a member of the DEAD (Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp) family of proteins, from the ovary of the frog Rana rugosa. Comparative alignment of amino acid sequences with known Vasa from several species of vertebrate showed that the R. rugosa orthologue shares eight conserved regions with Vasa from other vertebrates. Vasa gene expression was restricted to the testis and ovary among ten different tissues examined. Vasa expression showed no sexual dimorphism during sex determination in R. rugosa, but became higher in the ovary thereafter. By Western blot analysis, a single Vasa band with a molecular weight of 80.9 kDa was detected. The same antibody immunohistochemically detected Vasa in a few cells in the embryonic endoderm at stage 15; the beginning of closure of neural folds, and in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia in the testis, and oocytes in the ovary of tadpoles at stage XX; marked by one or both forelegs protruded. Together, these results suggest that Vasa is a highly specific marker of germ cells and hence useful for studies of germ cell specification and function in amphibians as it already is in other species of both invertebrates and vertebrates such as Drosophila and zebrafish. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:452–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the Bidder's organ in the cane toad (Bufo marinus)
Authors: Abramyan John , Wilhelm Dagmar , Koopman Peter
Published: May 2010

In toads, both males and females develop a unique gonadal structure called the Bidder's organ (BO), which resembles ovarian tissue and is attached to the anterior part of the gonad. It is not clear whether the BO is a vestigial organ, or has an endocrine function. In this study, we investigated the expression of the gonadal development genes Dmrt1, Sox9, Sf1, Dax1, and p450arom in the developing BO as compared with the gonads of male and female cane toads. We demonstrate that Sf1, Dax1, and p450arom, key genes involved in vertebrate steroidogenesis, are transcriptionally active in the BO during developmental milestones associated with sexual development and maturation. Furthermore, the pattern of transcriptional activity in the BO is completely independent of the corresponding gonads in both sexes, despite its ovary‐like morphology. These results suggest that the BO likely has a steroidogenic role in the development of the cane toad, distinct from that of the gonads. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:503–513, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic analysis, regularisation and stable numerical solutions for heavily loaded line EHL contacts
Authors: Kudish Ilya I.
Published: May 2010

A stable numerical approach is developed for solution of problems for heavily loaded line EHL problems and the asymptotic equations of the problem in the inlet and exit contact zones. The numerical approach is based on two ideas: (i) It uses the form of the original and asymptotic EHL equations resolved for pressure involved in the equations for the gap between the lubricated solids; and (ii) It uses regularisation based on an asymptotic solution of the non‐isothermal EHL problem. That allows for a stable solution of the EHL problem even for extremely high dimensionless pressure viscosity coefficients ranging from 0 to 40. Therefore, the paper consists of three parts: (i) Part 1 is devoted to development of an asymptotic approach to solution of heavily loaded EHL contacts and to numerical solution of these equations. This part is very essential as it paves the way to the asymptotic analysis of non‐isothermal EHL problem and, consequently, to construction of a stable regularised numerical algorithm; (ii) Part 2 is devoted to asymptotic and numerical analysis of non‐isothermal EHL problem for heavily loaded contacts; and (iii) Part 3 is devoted to development of regularised stable numerical solutions of the asymptotic and original equations for heavily loaded EHL contacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity and increased risk of cancer: Does decrease of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level with increasing body mass index explain some of the association?
Authors: Lagunova Zoya , Porojnicu Alina C. , Grant William B. , Bruland Øyvind , Moan Johan E.
Published: May 2010

Low levels of vitamin D and excess body weight are both factors associated with increased risk of cancer. The increased risk seems to be proportional to the increase in BMI, and to decrease in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. Our earlier investigations suggest that serum 25(OH)D levels decrease with increasing BMI. Although the connection between cancer risk, BMI and vitamin D status might be arbitrary, it has not been discussed in the literature so far. In this study, we analyze data published in current meta‐analysis, prospective studies, and systematic reviews on cancer‐specific risk attributed to high BMI and low vitamin D status. The contribution of low 25(OH)D levels associated with high BMI to increased cancer risk was calculated for 13 vitamin‐D‐sensitive cancers with a focus on colorectal and breast cancer as the most frequently studied vitamin‐D‐sensitive cancer types. Our study suggests that a low vitamin D status may explain at least 20% of the cancer risk attributable to high BMI. The contribution of low 25(OH)D to the increased cancer risk with increasing BMI may be different for different cancer types. Thus, we find 40% for breast cancer, and 26 and 75% for colorectal cancer in men and women, respectively.
Magnetosonoporation: Instant magnetic labeling of stem cells
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Xie Daohai , Walczak Piotr , Li Xubin , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesus , Minoshima Satoshi , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Yang Xiaoming
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop an instant MR cell labeling technique, called magnetosonoporation. First, a magnetosonoporation apparatus was successfully established for MR labeling of stem cells. Then, the safety of this new cell labeling approach was confirmed by evaluation of cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of magnetosonoporation‐labeled and unlabeled C17.2 neural stem cells. Subsequently, the feasibility of using in vivo MRI to detect magnetosonoporation/Feridex‐labeled stem cells was validated in living animals and confirmed by histologic correlation. The magnetosonoporation technique is expected to be convenient, efficient, and safe for future clinical application of MRI‐guided cell therapies. Magn Reson Med 63:1437–1441, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 32‐channel lattice transmission line array for parallel transmit and receive MRI at 7 tesla
Authors: Adriany Gregor , Auerbach Edward J. , Snyder Carl J. , Gözübüyük Ark , Moeller Steen , Ritter Johannes , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Vaughan Tommy , Uğurbil Kâmil
Published: May 2010

Transmit and receive RF coil arrays have proven to be particularly beneficial for ultra‐high‐field MR. Transmit coil arrays enable such techniques as B1+ shimming to substantially improve transmit B1 homogeneity compared to conventional volume coil designs, and receive coil arrays offer enhanced parallel imaging performance and SNR. Concentric coil arrangements hold promise for developing transceiver arrays incorporating large numbers of coil elements. At magnetic field strengths of 7 tesla and higher where the Larmor frequencies of interest can exceed 300 MHz, the coil array design must also overcome the problem of the coil conductor length approaching the RF wavelength. In this study, a novel concentric arrangement of resonance elements built from capacitively‐shortened half‐wavelength transmission lines is presented. This approach was utilized to construct an array with whole‐brain coverage using 16 transceiver elements and 16 receive‐only elements, resulting in a coil with a total of 16 transmit and 32 receive channels. Magn Reson Med 63:1478–1485, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RF encoding using a multielement parallel transmit system
Authors: Katscher Ulrich , Lisinski Jonathan , Börnert Peter
Published: May 2010

Radiofrequency (RF) encoding using spatially variant RF transmission fields represents an alternative to the conventional signal‐encoding techniques applied in MRI, which are based on main field gradients. Thus, RF encoding might allow omitting the use of all main field gradients, alleviating acoustic noise and other main field gradient‐related problems. This study investigates the potential of RF transmit encoding using spatially nonlinear RF fields generated by an eight‐channel parallel transmit system equipped with the corresponding transmit array. Appropriate spatial encoding functions are determined iteratively by randomized superposition of the array element sensitivities and judging their performance. Besides RF amplitude‐based signal encoding, the possibility of RF phase‐dominated encoding is investigated to allow future fast imaging applications. The theoretical background is given and experimental phantom results are compared with predictions from corresponding simulations to prove the basic feasibility of the approach for low‐resolution MRI. Deviations of roughly 10–15% between main field and RF encoded images were found for an in‐plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2. The approach of RF encode MRI does not seem to be able to replace standard main field gradient encoding completely, but a suitable combination of both concepts could find promising applications. Magn Reson Med 63:1463–1470, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What arthritis pain practitioners and patients want in an online self‐management programme
Authors: Trudeau Kimberlee J. , Ainscough Jessica L. , Pujol Lynette A. , Charity Sadaf
Published: May 2010

Objective: Self‐management of pain is a critical component of arthritis care; however, limited mobility can restrict access to resources. Although the internet has become a primary source of health information, few studies address what patients want and need from a self‐management website.

Methods: Thirty‐two people diagnosed with arthritis and 12 practitioners a) participated in individual one‐hour interviews and b) sorted and rated a list of 88 unique statements that were derived from the interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using concept mapping procedures.

Results: The six‐cluster map provided the best discrimination between statements. Follow‐up analyses suggested that although patients with arthritis and practitioners generally agree on the categories of content on a self‐management website about arthritis, they appear to disagree on the importance of each category.

Conclusions:

These findings about patient and provider desired content can be used by health educators to develop a curriculum for health education of patients with arthritis pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations in stromal signatures in breast and colorectal cancer metastases
Authors: Webster Jonathan A , Beck Andrew H , Sharma Mimansa , Espinosa Inigo , Weigelt Britta , Schreuder Marthe , Montgomery Kelli D , Jensen Kristin C , van de Rijn Matt , West Robert
Published: May 2010

The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumour survival and growth, but little is known about the degree of preservation between different stromal response patterns found in primary tumours and their metastases. We have previously identified gene expression profiles for two distinct stromal signatures in breast carcinoma of fibroblast (aka DTF) and macrophage (aka CSF1) response and found them to be correlated with clinicopathological features, including outcome. In this study, we compare the DTF fibroblast and CSF1 macrophage stromal response patterns in primary breast and colorectal cancers to their matched lymph node metastases. In both breast and colorectal cancer, there was a significant positive correlation between the CSF1 macrophage signature in the primary tumours and the matched lymph node metastases, as assessed by immunohistochemical markers. No such correlation was observed for the DTF fibroblast signature. A similar result was seen in independent analysis of two published gene expression microarray datasets. The variations of these stromal reaction patterns from the primary to the metastasis shed light on the relationship between the neoplastic cells and the non‐neoplastic cells in the TME. The preservation of the CSF1 macrophage response pattern in metastases lends support to targeting the CSF1 pathway in cancer. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secretory cell outgrowth, PAX2 and serous carcinogenesis in the Fallopian tube
Authors: Chen Eleanor Y , Mehra Karishma , Mehrad Mitra , Ning Gang , Miron Alexander , Mutter George L , Monte Nicholas , Quade Bradley J , McKeon Frank D , Yassin Yosuf , Xian Wa , Crum Christopher P
Published: May 2010

The ‘p53 signature’ is a benign secretory cell outgrowth in the distal Fallopian tube that shares properties with ovarian serous cancer—including p53 mutations—and is a putative serous cancer precursor. We expanded the precursor definition to all secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) of 30 or more cells and scored normal (N) and altered (A) expression of both p53 and PAX2, a gene down‐regulated in ovarian and endometrial cancer. SCOUTs were identified by BCL2/p73 staining in tubes from women with serous carcinoma, inherited mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and controls. SCOUTs were prevalent in both proximal and distal tube and significantly associated with serous carcinoma versus the others (p < 0.001); 89% were PAX2 (A) and 26% were PAX2 (A)/p53 (A) (p53 signatures). PAX2 (A)/p53 (N) SCOUTs were free of p53 mutations; however, 12 of 13 p53 signatures were PAX2 (A). A tubal carcinoma and contiguous SCOUT were p53 (A)/PAX2 (A) and shared the same p53 mutation. SCOUTs are discretely localized alterations commonly containing altered expression of multiple genes within histologically benign tubal epithelium. Geographic distribution in the tube varies by genotype and immunophenotype, from regionally unrestricted (PAX2) to greater likelihood specific area (fimbria) of shared prevalence (PAX2 and p53). This study reveals, for the first time, an entity (SCOUT) that is associated with serous cancer, expands the topography of altered PAX2 expression in the female genital tract mucosa and highlights another potential pathway disturbance involved in early serous carcinogenesis in the Fallopian tube. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile strategy for the functionalization of poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] materials
Authors: Liu Wei , Jin Jing , Huang Xiaobin , Zheng Yaochen , Zhang Jiawei , Fu Jianwei , Huang Yawen , Tang Xiaozhen
Published: May 2010

Recently, a new type of phosphazene‐containing material, poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] (PZS), was successfully prepared. PZS materials including PZS nanotubes, PZS nanofibers and PZS microspheres show excellent thermal stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, PZS‐containing materials such as silver nanowire/PZS, carbon nanotube/PZS and Fe3O4/PZS nanotubes have also been prepared. Therefore, we explored a specific method for the functionalization of these PZS and PZS‐containing materials to expand their scope of application. As a model of various PZS and PZS‐containing materials, PZS microspheres (PZSMs) were functionalized via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymerization of styrene occurred at surface sites covalently derivatized with ATRP initiators to form PZSM–polystyrene. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of grafted polymer chains could be well controlled. Furthermore, PZSM–polystyrene was still active for further block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate. Both styrene‐ and acrylate‐type monomers could be directly polymerized or block copolymerized from the surface of PZS and PZS‐containing materials using surface‐initiated ATRP. Mn of grafted polymer chains could be well controlled. This facile strategy could pave the way for a wider range of applications of these materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Expanding the mouse embryonic stem cell proteome: Combining three proteomic approaches
Authors: Gundry Rebekah L. , Tchernyshyov Irina , Sheng Shijun , Tarasova Yelena , Raginski Kimberly , Boheler Kenneth R. , Van Eyk Jennifer E.
Published: May 2010

The current study used three different proteomic strategies, which differed by their extent of intact protein separation, to examine the proteome of a pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cell line, R1. Proteins from whole‐cell lysates were subjected either to 2‐D‐LC, or 1‐DE, or were unfractionated prior to enzymatic digestion and subsequent analysis by MS. The results yielded 1895 identified non‐redundant proteins and, for 128 of these, the specific isoform could be determined based on detection of an isoform‐specific peptide. When compared with two previously published proteomic studies that used the same cell line, the current study reveals 612 new proteins.
Time variation of GaN photoelectrochemical reactions affected by light intensity and applied bias
Authors: Koike Kayo , Sato Keiichi , Fujii Katsushi , Goto Takenari , Yao Takafumi
Published: May 2010

We investigated photoelectrochemical reactions affected by light intensity and applied bias using GaN. Time variations of the photocurrent changed with the photo‐illuminated intensity and the applied bias. The bias application affected the time variation much, and the bias under +0.2 V vs counterelectrode for n‐type GaN is good for the continuous reaction. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Piezoelectric field compensation in the InGaN quantum wells of GaN/InGaN/AlGaN LEDs structures: electroreflectance experiment
Authors: Avakyants Lev , Bokov Pavel , Chervyakov Anatoly , Yunovich Alexander , Vasileva Elena , Yavich Boris
Published: May 2010

The influence of built‐in piezoelectric field in the light‐emitting diodes based on InGaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on the electroreflectance spectra have been studied. The structures were grown by MOCVD technology and «flip‐chip» mounted. The spectral line connected with the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells region are observed in the electroreflectance spectra. The blue shift of this spectral line with the increasing reverse bias voltage has been explained as the result of decreasing of the electric field in the quantum well. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)