bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre idosos: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Santos Lara Lacerda Soares , Oliveira Nayara Gomes Nunes , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A sintomatologia depressiva pode afetar a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Logo, as mudanças nesta condição devem ser acompanhadas. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de mudanças do indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre idosos da comunidade e seus fatores associados, em um período de dois anos. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal realizado com 387 idosos de um município no Triângulo Mineiro. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio mediante a aplicação do Miniexame do Estado Mental; questionário estruturado elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva; e Escalas de Lawton e Brody e de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e regressão logística multinomial (p<0,05). Resultados: Após follow-up de dois anos, houve diminuição da prevalência de idosos com indicativo de sintomas depressivos (24,3%). Ademais, 20,2% dos idosos deixaram de ter indicativo de sintomas depressivos; 63,0% mantiveram a condição inicial e 16,8% foram novos casos. A autoavaliação da saúde positiva (p=0,003), independência funcional para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária (p=0,025) e o menor número de morbidades (p=0,002) foram preditores de melhora do indicativo de sintomas depressivos; enquanto, o aumento do número de morbidades (p=0,002) foi preditor para a presença desta condição. Conclusão: A ocorrência do indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre os idosos diminuiu ao longo do seguimento e a melhora desta condição esteve associada à autoavaliação da saúde positiva, independência funcional para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária e ao menor número de morbidades. Tais fatores devem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de saúde direcionadas à prevenção da sintomatologia depressiva em idosos.
New oscillation conditions for first-order linear retarded difference equations with non-monotone arguments
Authors: Attia Emad R. , El-Matary Bassant M. , Chatzarakis George E.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of a first-order difference equation with non-monotone retarded argument and nonnegative coefficients, based on an iterative procedure. We establish some oscillation criteria, involving \(\lim \sup\), which achieve a marked improvement on several known conditions in the literature. Two examples, numerically solved in MAPLE software, are also given to illustrate the applicability and strength of the obtained conditions.
Stochastic model of drug concentration level during IV-administration
Authors: Dzhalladova Irada , R��i�kov� Miroslava
Published: November 2022

A stochastic model describing the concentration of the drug in the body during its IV-administration is discussed. The paper compares a deterministic model created with certain simplifications with the stochastic model. Fluctuating and irregular patterns of plasma concentrations of some drugs observed during intravenous infusion are explained. An illustrative example is given with certain values of drug infusion rate and drug elimination rate.
Effects of V2O5-Al2O3 sintering aid on properties of low temperature sintered Li-Zn microwave ferrites
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi  , Wang Xi  , Wang Jun  , Cheng Deqiang  , Wang Yue  ,   School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Published: November 2022

With the progress of modern wireless communication technology, microwave communication devices are developing toward miniaturization and integration, and low temperature co-firing ceramic/ferrite technology is the key to meet the above demands. In this paper, V2O5-Al2O3 (VA) sintering aid is used to realize low temperature sintering (below melting point of silver that is 950 ℃) of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, which is suitable for radar phase shifter. In this paper, firstly, Li-Zn ferrite pre-firing material is prepared by mechanochemical ball milling method, and then VA composite is selected as sintering aid to prepare Li0.42Zn0.27Ti0.11Mn0.1Fe2.1O4 ferrite at low temperatures. The effects of adding amount of VA sintering aid and sintering temperature on crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties (saturation induction, coercivity, linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance, et al.) of the materials are also studied. The VA sintering aid can reduce the sintering temperature and maintain the spinel crystal structure of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, the diffraction peaks of V2O5 and Al2O3 involved in the sintering process are not observed for all the samples sintered at different temperatures, because the mass ratio of V2O5 and Al2O3 in VA sintering aid is very low compared with Li-Zn ferrite, so there are no corresponding impurity peaks. The introduction of VA sintering aid can promote the grain growth, with the average grain size increasing from 0.92 mm to 9.74 mm. In the sintering process of Li-Zn ferrite, V2O5 in VA sintering aid will melt first to form liquid phase due to its low melting point, which promotes the growth of grains. At the same time, Al2O3 with higher melting point can inhibit the grain growth and make the grain uniform. It is worth noting that when excessive VA sintering aid is added, the grain size of ferrite will decrease instead, because too much VA sintering aid will form a large number of liquid phases around the grains, thus splitting the grains and hindering the further growth of the Li-Zn grains. Under the condition of optimal VA sintering aid addition (0.18 wt. %), the saturation induction of the sample increased from 144 mT to 281 mT; The rectangular ratio increased from 0.57 to 0.78; The coercivity decreased from 705 A/m to 208 A/m; The linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance decreased from 648 Oe to 247 Oe. In summary, VA sintering aid can effectively improve the properties of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, which has a positive significance for the development of low temperature co-firing ceramic/ferrite technology.
A general approach for stabilizing nanobodies for intracellular expression
Authors: Dingus John G , Tang Jonathan CY , Amamoto Ryoji , Wallick Grace K , Cepko Constance L
Published: November 2022

Conventional antibodies and their derived fragments are difficult to deploy against intracellular targets in live cells, due to their bulk and structural complexity. Nanobodies provide an alternative modality, with well-documented examples of intracellular expression. Despite their promise as intracellular reagents, there has not been a systematic study of nanobody intracellular expression. Here, we examined intracellular expression of 75 nanobodies from the Protein Data Bank. Surprisingly, a majority of these nanobodies were unstable in cells, illustrated by aggregation and clearance. Using comparative analysis and framework mutagenesis, we developed a general approach that stabilized a great majority of nanobodies that were originally unstable intracellularly, without significantly compromising target binding. This approach led to the identification of distinct sequence features that impacted the intracellular stability of tested nanobodies. Mutationally stabilized nanobody expression was found to extend to in vivo contexts, in the murine retina and in E. coli. These data provide for improvements in nanobody engineering for intracellular applications, potentiating a growing field of intracellular interrogation and intervention.
Transcriptome-wide association study and eQTL colocalization identify potentially causal genes responsible for human bone mineral density GWAS associations
Authors: Al-Barghouthi Basel Maher , Rosenow Will T , Du Kang-Ping , Heo Jinho , Maynard Robert , Mesner Larry , Calabrese Gina , Nakasone Aaron , Senwar Bhavya , Gerstenfeld Louis , Larner James , Ferguson Virginia , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl , Morgan Elise , Brautigan David , Farber Charles R
Published: November 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for bone mineral density (BMD) in humans have identified over 1100 associations to date. However, identifying causal genes implicated by such studies has been challenging. Recent advances in the development of transcriptome reference datasets and computational approaches such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization have proven to be informative in identifying putatively causal genes underlying GWAS associations. Here, we used TWAS/eQTL colocalization in conjunction with transcriptomic data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to identify potentially causal genes for the largest BMD GWAS performed to date. Using this approach, we identified 512 genes as significant using both TWAS and eQTL colocalization. This set of genes was enriched for regulators of BMD and members of bone relevant biological processes. To investigate the significance of our findings, we selected PPP6R3, the gene with the strongest support from our analysis which was not previously implicated in the regulation of BMD, for further investigation. We observed that Ppp6r3 deletion in mice decreased BMD. In this work, we provide an updated resource of putatively causal BMD genes and demonstrate that PPP6R3 is a putatively causal BMD GWAS gene. These data increase our understanding of the genetics of BMD and provide further evidence for the utility of combined TWAS/colocalization approaches in untangling the genetics of complex traits.
Centrally expressed Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel is critical for the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain
Authors: Fayad Sophie L , Ourties Guillaume , Le Gac Benjamin , Jouffre Baptiste , Lamoine Sylvain , Fruquière Antoine , Laffray Sophie , Gasmi Laila , Cauli Bruno , Mallet Christophe , Bourinet Emmanuel , Bessaih Thomas , Lambert Régis C , Leresche Nathalie
Published: November 2022

Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel is a major molecular actor of neuropathic pain in peripheral sensory neurons, but its involvement at the supraspinal level is almost unknown. In the anterior pretectum (APT), a hub of connectivity of the somatosensory system involved in pain perception, we show that Cav3.2 channels are expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons coexpressing parvalbumin (PV). In these PV-expressing neurons, Cav3.2 channels contribute to a high-frequency-bursting activity, which is increased in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathy. Specific deletion of Cav3.2 channels in APT neurons reduced both the initiation and maintenance of mechanical and cold allodynia. These data are a direct demonstration that centrally expressed Cav3.2 channels also play a fundamental role in pain pathophysiology.
The influence of COVID-19 on production operations planning
Authors: Rakićević Zoran , Anđelić Ognjen , Popović Goran , Branković Bojana
Published: November 2022

Research Question: This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on production operations planning. Motivation: Due to the prevalence of the coronavirus pandemic, a disturbance has occurred in the global production and supply chain systems. By disturbing transportation and distribution mechanisms, the COVID-19 pandemic has directly influenced value chain participants, which makes the planning process more difficult. The current crisis caused by the virus has revealed the fragility, vulnerability and low resilience of systems that were previously considered to be best practices in global value chains. Idea: The paper provides new ideas to researchers and practitioners in the field of operations management, that can improve business practices in the current business environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data: In order to identify problems and expose potential solutions, we conduct a contemporary literature review combined with interviews with experts from supply chain operations. Findings: Experts from supply chain practice, as well as scholars and researchers identified mostly the same issues in planning business operations, that occur as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic disruption. Contribution: This paper outlines the main issues and challenges that arise as a result of the pandemic. The paper also provides guidance to improvements in operations planning with the purpose to increase sustainability and resilience in future emergencies.
O efeito da adoção do accountability no contexto das organizações sem fins lucrativos: um experimento no Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigues Adriana , Gonçalves Tondolo Vilmar Antonio , Lerch Lunardi Guilherme , Régio Brambilla Flávio
Published: November 2022

As organizações sem fins lucrativos possuem um papel central na prestação de serviços à população. Como essas organizações dependem de recursos externos, especialmente doações, a transparência das ruas ações é central. Nesse sentido accountability é visto como uma das principais externalizações da transparência aos interessados dessas organizações. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do accountability na percepção de confiança pública, reputação, qualidade percebida e intenção de doação, das instituições sem fins lucrativos. Para tal, foi aplicado um experimento baseado em vinheta com potenciais doadores de organizações sem fins lucrativos. Com base em Becker (2018), a variável accountability foi manipulada em 4 níveis distintos: “Com certificação externa”, “Responsabilização interna”, “Responsabilidade mínima legal” e “Sem padrão de certificação”.  Com as seguintes variáveis dependentes: confiança, reputação, qualidade e intenção de doação. Para todos os níveis de accountability, foram feitas as análises das variáveis dependentes por meio da ANOVA. Os resultados indicam que o accountability influencia na confiança pública, na reputação, na qualidade percebida e também na intenção de doação.
Jair: O ‘Messias?’ Construindo uma identidade de “salvador da pátria”
Authors: Coelho Ana Márcia Henriques , Souza Rosalia Beber de
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo, analisamos a construção identitária do discurso de Jair Bolsonaro na live do dia 29 de julho de 2021, que tinha como tema principal a apresentação de indícios sobre fraudes nas eleições brasileiras e a consequente necessidade da adoção do voto impresso, chamado de voto auditável. Para fazer a análise, utilizamos como base as categorias do significado identificacional de Fairclough (2003): avaliação, modalidade e metáfora. A análise aponta que o presidente constrói sua identidade como “Salvador da pátria”, se colocando como um mártir, que se sacrifica pelo bem do povo brasileiro, ao mesmo tempo que cria uma imagem de seus opositores como corruptos e dispostos a fraudar as eleições para estabelecer um governo comunista no Brasil.
Aproximaciones al estudio interdisciplinario de la organización social-solidaria en el Cauca Diverso
Authors: Aguilar Wilson Noé Garcés , Coral Lina Juliana Robayo
Published: November 2022

El estudio de las organizaciones sociales y solidarias de contexto rural, con vocación agrícola implica para el caso del Departamento del Cauca una ampliación de las formas de entendimiento, pensamiento e inteligibilidad. Para ello el presente artículo se propone fundamentar epistemológicamente la aproximación interdisciplinaria a las organizaciones sociales y solidarias para con ello generar una teoría emergente de organización y administración devenida de prácticas divergentes al managerialismo imperante.Para ello se parte de las bases epistemológicas de las organizaciones sociales y solidarias, en un segundo momento se plantea un símil de la organización solidaria con máquinas triviales y las organizaciones sociales y solidarias con máquinas no triviales. Se cierra el documento con lo pretendido en el título.
Coronary Cameral Fistula
Authors: Mohanty Nirmal Kumar , Dash Bijay Kumar , Satpathy Chhabi , Routray Satya Narayan , Jena Satyasarathi
Published: November 2022

Coronary Cameral Fistulas (CCFs) are rare arteriovenous malformations, defined as a connection between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or any segment of the systemic or pulmonary circulation. These may be congenital or acquired, and show a low incidence in both angiographic studies, and the general population. The presentation of CCFs varies depending upon their size and location. These can be majorly asymptomatic or show symptoms and complications like congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and bacterial endocarditis. Although percutaneous closure with embolisation can be done, surgical closure of CCF is a gold standard of treatment. The authors reported a case of a 57-year-old male who presented with exertional chest pain and dyspnea. Coronary angiography revealed the presence of dilated tortuous Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA), Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD), Left Circumflex artery (LCX) and CCF between LAD to Right Ventricle (RV), Obtuse Marginal (OM) to RV and Posterior Left ventricular Branch (PLB) to RV. No significant obstructive coronary artery disease was present. Coronary artery calcium score was 15. The patient was managed conservatively with antiplatelets, statin, and heparin and responded well to the treatment.
Impact of Post-Harvest Operations on Seed Quality in Soybean
Authors: Vinay T. , Pallavi M. , Sujatha P. , Reddy M. Rajendar
Published: November 2022

The influence of threshing, cleaning and processing operations on seed quality in two varieties of soybean was studied with an objective to identify the best post-harvest operation to maintain seed viability and vigour. The two varieties viz. Basara and JS 335 were subjected to five different post-harvest operations and two sieve sizes of 3.75 and 4.00 mm. The mechanical damage (%), seed recovery (%), physical purity (%), germination (%), seedling vigour Index II (SVI II), field emergence, electrical conductivity, amino acids and total soluble sugars in seed leachates of processed seed were determined. Among the two varieties Basara recorded lowest mechanical damage and higher germination and field emergence compared to JS 335. The highest seed quality with lowest mechanical damage was reported in seed threshed and cleaned manually. Electrical conductivity showed a non-significant variation in all the treatments while amino acids and total soluble sugars in seed leachates were lowest in Basara. The character association studies revealed a positive association of germination and field emergence and negative association of germination and mechanical damage, amino acids and total soluble sugars in seed leachates.
The Solution of the Invariant Subspace Problem in Complex Hilbert Space: External non-Archimedean eld *Rc by Cauchy Completion of the internal Non-Archimedean eld *R (Part I)
Authors: Foukzon Jaykov
Published: November 2022

The incompleteness of set theory ZFC leads one to look for natural extensions of ZFC in which one can prove statements wich appear as independent of ZFC but which look to be \true". In this paper we deal with set theory NC\(^{\#}{_\infty}_{\#}\) based on hyper infinitary logic with Restricted Modus Ponens Rule. Set theoryNC\(^{\#}{_\infty}_{\#}\)contains Aczel's anti-foundation axiom. We present a new approach to the invariant subspace problem for complex Hilbert spaces.This approach based on nonconservative extension of the model theoretical NSA. Our main result will be that: if T is a bounded linear operator on an infinite-dimensional separable complex Hilbert space H;it follow that T has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace.
Molecular Detection of Bacillus anthracis from Soil in Niger Delta University and Environs, Bayelsa, Nigeria
Authors: Alade Tolulope Olukemi , Ebidor Lawani-Luwaji , Godbless Ekemejiro
Published: November 2022

Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive Bacilli which is naturally found in soil. Bacillus anthracis is known as the most dangerous bacterium which is used as a biological weapon causing cosmopolitan disease condition called anthrax infection. The study aimed at detecting Bacillus anthracis from Niger Delta University (NDU) Amassoma and her environs soil sample. Twenty soil specimens were collected randomly and processed, characterized by Microbiological and Polymerase Chain reaction technique. Disk diffusion method was used for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Findings from this study revealed that out of the 20 samples collected, 8(40%) were Staphylococcus species, 5(25%) were Mucor species while 7(35%) were Bacillus species, of the 7 positive for Bacillus 4(20%) had Mannitol fermentation while 3(15%) showed no fermentation, 3(15%) of the 7 also showed gamma hemolysis while 4(20%) showed complete (beta) hemolysis and 4(57.1%) showed turbidity while 3(15%) did not show turbidity. Antibiotic Susceptibility testing showed that Septrin, Ampicillin, Ceporex, Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin had total resistance to Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus and other species. From the sequencing, other species of Bacillus were observed apart from Bacillus anthracis. This showed an advantage of genotypic identification over the phenotypic features. Hence proper identification of Bacillus anthracis from NDU and her environs soil sample must be put in place to create awareness for the students, staff, farmers, children and others who constantly have contact with the soil. Anthrax infection can also be controlled by improved personal hygiene.
Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms Among New Statin Users Randomly Assigned to Vitamin D or Placebo
Authors: Hlatky Mark A. , Gonzalez Pedro Engel , Manson JoAnn E. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I-Min , Cook Nancy R. , Mora Samia , Bubes Vadim , Stone Neil J.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are common and may lead to discontinuation of indicated statin therapy. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D therapy is associated with reduced statin intolerance, but no randomized studies have been reported.

Objective

To test whether vitamin D supplementation was associated with prevention of SAMS and a reduction of statin discontinuation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Men 50 years or older and women 55 years or older, free of cancer and cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation. Participants who initiated statin therapy after randomization were surveyed in early 2016. The data were analyzed in early 2022.

Interventions

Daily cholecalciferol (2000 international units) or placebo with assessment of statin prescriptions during follow-up.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Muscle pain or discomfort lasting several days (primary outcome) and discontinuation of a statin due to SAMS (secondary outcome).

Results

Statins were initiated by 1033 vitamin D–assigned participants and 1050 placebo-assigned participants; mean (SD) age was 66.8 (6.2) years and 49% were women. Over 4.8 years of follow-up, SAMS were reported by 317 participants (31%) assigned vitamin D and 325 assigned placebo (31%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.80-1.18; P = .78). Statins were discontinued by 137 participants (13%) assigned to vitamin D and 133 assigned to placebo (13%) with an adjusted OR of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.80-1.35; P = .78). These results were consistent across pretreatment 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (interaction P value = .83). Among participants with levels less than 20 ng/mL, SAMS were reported by 28 of 85 vitamin D–assigned participants (33%) and 33 of 95 placebo-assigned participants (35%). For those with levels less than 30 ng/ml, SAMS were reported by 88 of 330 vitamin–D assigned participants (27%) and 96 of 323 of placebo-assigned participants (30%).

Conclusions and Relevance

Vitamin D supplementation did not prevent SAMS or reduce statin discontinuation. These results were consistent across pretreatment 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01169259
Risk Factors Associated With First and Second Primary Melanomas in a High-Incidence Population
Authors: Olsen Catherine M. , Pandeya Nirmala , Dusingize Jean Claude , Neale Rachel E. , MacGregor Stuart , Law Matthew H. , Whiteman David C. ,   QSkin Study, Hayward Nicholas K. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Gordon Louisa G.
Published: November 2022

Importance

An increasing number of people develop more than 1 primary melanoma, yet to date, no population-based prospective cohort studies have reported on risk factors for developing first vs second primary melanomas.

Objective

To compare the clinical characteristics of first and second melanomas and then to estimate the relative risks of developing 1 vs multiple melanomas associated with demographic, phenotypic, sun exposure, and genetic factors.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based prospective cohort study included men and women aged 40 to 69 years recruited in 2011 and followed up until December 2018 in Queensland, Australia. Data analysis was performed from February to July 2022.

Exposures

Self-reported information about demographic, phenotypic, and sun exposure measures captured using a survey completed at baseline, and polygenic risk score for melanoma.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incident first or second primary melanoma diagnosis, and histologic and clinical characteristics thereof. The Wei-Lin-Weissfeld model for recurrent events was used to estimate the association of each factor with the risks of first and second primary melanoma.

Results

A total of 38 845 patients (mean [SD] age at baseline, 56.1 [8.2] years; 17 775 men and 21 070 women) were included in the study. During a median follow-up period of 7.4 years, 1212 (3.1%) participants had a single primary melanoma diagnosis, and 245 (0.6%) had a second primary melanoma diagnosis. Second melanomas were more likely than first melanomas to be in situ; for invasive tumors, second melanomas were more likely to be thin (ie, ≤1 mm) than first melanomas. Having many moles at age 21 years (self-reported using visual scoring tool) was more strongly associated with second (hazard ratio [HR], 6.36; 95% CI, 3.77-10.75) than first primary melanoma (HR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.72-4.40) (P value for difference between the HRs = .01). A high genetic predisposition (ie, polygenic risk score in tertile 3) was also more strongly associated with second (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 2.06-5.23) than first melanoma (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.71-2.49; P = .03). Second melanomas were more strongly associated with a history of multiple skin cancer excisions (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.80-3.83) than first melanomas (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.61-2.16; P = .05). For all other phenotypic characteristics and sun exposure measures, similarly elevated associations with first vs second melanomas were observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this cohort study suggest that within the general population, the presence of many nevi and having a high genetic predisposition to melanoma were associated with the highest risks of developing second primary melanomas.
Molecular Typing and Clinical Characteristics of Synchronous Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yandong , Wu Jingjing , Pei Fengyun , Zhang Yanxiang , Bai Shaomei , Shi Lishuo , Zhang Xiang , Ma Jingjiao , Zhao Ximeng , Ma Tonghui , Wang Jianping , Huang Meijin , Fan Xinjuan , Huang Jun
Published: November 2022

Importance

Synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer (sMPCC) is clinically rare, but its incidence has increased over the past decade. However, little is known about the molecular and clinical features of sMPCC, which may differ from those of single primary colorectal cancer (SPCRC).

Objective

To evaluate the clinical characteristics and pathogenic variations in lesions and the molecular typing of sMPCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

From November 2012 to April 2021, patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this cohort study. Follow-up ended on January 31, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was mismatch repair (MMR) status of each lesion in all patients examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also calculated.

Results

A total of 13 276 patients with CRC were enrolled, and 239 patients with sMPCC (mean [SD] age, 63.3 [12.2] years; 173 men [72.4%]) with available clinical data were evaluated. Seventy-eight patients with sMPCC and 94 with SPCRC also underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based molecular testing. The deficient MMR (dMMR)/MSI-H frequencies in sMPCC were significantly higher than those in SPCRC, which was confirmed by both IHC (50 of 239 patients vs 872 of 13 037 patients) and NGS (17 of 78 patients vs 5 of 94 patients). According to the MMR/MSI status of different lesions in patients with sMPCC, they were further divided into 3 subgroups: all dMMR/MSI-H, dMMR/MSI-H and proficient MMR (pMMR)/microsatellite stability (MSS), and all pMMR/MSS. The EGFR and PIK3CA variants were more common, whereas TP53 variants were less prevalent in patients with sMPCC than in those with SPCRC. Moreover, higher tumor mutation burden was associated with higher MSI in patients with sMPCC rather than in those with SPCRC.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of sMPCC, the incidence of dMMR/MSI-H in patients with sMPCC was significantly higher than that in patients with SPCRC. These findings suggest that sMPCC can be classified into 3 subgroups according to the MMR/MSI status of each lesion, which might be applied to guide personalized therapies for better disease management.
Auricular Reconstruction for Bilateral Auricular Deformity Caused by Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Lee Jung Woo , Kim Jia , Choi Sung-Won , Lee Yury , Kong Soo-Keun , Oh Se-Joon
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a woman in her early 20s who presented to the hospital with an acquired auricular deformity after an ear piercing and was diagnosed with recurrent polychondritis that required total auricular reconstruction.
Mitochondrial ferritin expression in human macrophages is facilitated by thrombin‐mediated cleavage under hypoxia
Authors: Fuhrmann Dominik C. , Becker Sabrina , Brüne Bernhard
Published: November 2022

Ferritins are iron storage proteins, which maintain cellular iron homeostasis. Among these proteins, the ferritin heavy chain is well characterized, but the regulatory principles of mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT) remain elusive. FTMT appears to be cleaved from a 27 kDa to a 22 kDa form. In human macrophages, FTMT increased under hypoxia in a hypoxia‐inducible factor 2‐dependent manner. Occurrence of FTMT resulted from cleavage by thrombin, which was supplied by serum. Inhibition of thrombin as well as serum removal decreased FTMT, while supplementation of thrombin under serum‐deprived conditions restored its expression. Besides hypoxia, thrombin facilitated FTMT expression after treatment with the ferroptosis inducer RSL3 and the pro‐inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide. This study provides insights into the regulation of FTMT under hypoxia and identifies thrombin as a FTMT maturation‐associated peptidase.
Birth of a poly(A) tail: mechanisms and control of mRNA polyadenylation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Molina Juan B. , Turtola Matti
Published: November 2022

During their synthesis in the cell nucleus, most eukaryotic mRNAs undergo a two‐step 3′‐end processing reaction in which the pre‐mRNA is cleaved and released from the transcribing RNA polymerase II and a polyadenosine (poly(A)) tail is added to the newly formed 3′‐end. These biochemical reactions might appear simple at first sight (endonucleolytic RNA cleavage and synthesis of a homopolymeric tail), but their catalysis requires a multi‐faceted enzymatic machinery, the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (CPAC), which is composed of more than 20 individual protein subunits. The activity of CPAC is further orchestrated by Poly(A) Binding Proteins (PABPs), which decorate the poly(A) tail during its synthesis and guide the mRNA through subsequent gene expression steps. Here, we review the structure, molecular mechanism, and regulation of eukaryotic mRNA 3′‐end processing machineries with a focus on the polyadenylation step. We concentrate on the CPAC and PABPs from mammals and the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because these systems are the best‐characterized at present. Comparison of their functions provides valuable insights into the principles of mRNA 3′‐end processing.
Tunable Dry Adhesion of Soft Hollow Pillars through Sidewall Buckling under Low Pressure
Authors: Wan Guangchao , Tang Yanbing , Turner Kevin T. , Zhang Teng , Shan Wanliang
Published: November 2022

Controlling adhesion on demand is essential for many manufacturing and assembly processes such as microtransfer printing. Among various strategies, pneumatics‐controlled switchable adhesion is efficient and robust but currently still suffers from challenges in miniaturization and high energy cost. In this paper, a novel way to achieve tunable adhesion using low pressure by inducing sidewall buckling in soft hollow pillars (SHPs) is introduced. It is shown that the dry adhesion of these SHPs can be changed by more than two orders of magnitude (up to 151×) using low activating pressure (≈−10 or ≈20 kPa). Large enough negative pressure triggers sidewall buckling while positive pressure induces sidewall bulging, both of which can significantly change stress distribution at the bottom surface to facilitate crack initiation and reduce adhesion therein. It is shown that a single SHP can be activated by a micropump to manipulate various lightweight objects with different curvatures and surface textures. Here, it is also demonstrated that an array of SHPs can realize selective pick‐and‐place of an array of objects. These demonstrations illustrate the robustness, simplicity, and versatility of these SHPs with highly tunable dry adhesion.
Dilute Alloying to Implant Activation Centers in Nitride Electrocatalysts for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Quanbing , Wu Yujie , Li Dong , Peng Yan‐Qi , Liu Xinyan , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi , Peng Hong‐Jie
Published: November 2022

Dilute alloying is an effective strategy to tune properties of solid catalysts but is rarely leveraged in complex reactions beyond small molecule conversion. In this work, dilute dopants are demonstrated to serve as activating centers to construct multiatom catalytic domains in metal nitride electrocatalysts for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, of which the sulfur cathode suffers from sluggish and complex conversion reactions. With titanium nitride (TiN) as a model system, the dilute cobalt alloying is shown to greatly improve the reaction kinetics while inducing negligible catalyst reconstruction. Compared to the pristine TiN, the dilute nitride alloy catalyst enables onefold increase in the high rate (2.0 C) capacities of Li–S batteries, as well as an impressively low cyclic decay rate of 0.17% at a sulfur loading of 4.0 mgS cm−2. This work opens up new opportunities toward the rational design of Li–S electrocatalysts by dilute alloying and also enlightens the understandings of complex domain‐catalyzed reactions in energy applications.
Tuning In‐Plane Wicking Properties of Hydrophilic Fibrous Membranes Using Hydrophobic Fibrous Cover Layers
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Wang He , Jin Xin , Zhou Hua , Wang Hongxia , Wang Wenyu , Ruan Fangtao , Feng Quan , Lin Tong
Published: November 2022

This study elucidates the effect of thin porous hydrophobic covering layers on the in‐plane wicking properties of a hydrophilic fibrous membrane. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibrous membrane is used as the hydrophilic membrane model and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) fibrous membranes as hydrophobic covers, both prepared by electrospinning. The vertical wicking height is measured to express the in‐plane wicking properties. The results show that the PVDF‐HFP fibrous layer profoundly impacted the in‐plane wicking properties. When the PVDF‐HFP layer is 5.00–7.05 µm in thickness, the PVDF‐HFP/PAN composite membranes show a directional water transport property. The wicking height is higher than the other composite membranes with either a thinner PVDF‐HFP layer (<5.00 µm), which causes a two‐way liquid transport, or a thicker PVDF‐HFP layer (>7.05 µm), which stops water permeation from both sides. Such a trend happened no matter whether the PVDF‐HFP layer covered one or both PAN membrane sides. The composite membranes with a PVDF‐HFP layer thicker than 7.05 µm show the smallest wicking height. By changing PVDF‐HFP layer thickness, the wicking height can be adjusted by 50–110%. Such thickness‐dependent wicking capability is novel, having not been reported in the previous literature. It comes from the combined action of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces on water. The tunable wicking properties combined with the water‐absorbing and transport properties enabled the PVDF‐HFP/PAN fibrous membranes to exhibit different functions. They offer opportunities to develop novel “smart” membranes for various applications.
Demonstration of Robust Boundary Modes in Photonic Decorated Honeycomb Lattices
Authors: Gao Shenyi , Song Limin , Yan Wenchao , Wang Yichi , Xia Shiqi , Tang Liqin , Song Daohong , Xu Jingjun , Chen Zhigang
Published: November 2022

The decorated honeycomb lattices (DHLs) represent a typical model that evinces nontrivial chiral spin liquid and rich topological insulating phases in condensed matter physics, yet in natural materials such lattice structures are not commonly found. Here, a photonic DHL that exhibits two singular flat bands is experimentally demonstrated, thereby observing two distinct robust boundary modes (RBMs) associated with each flat band. These RBMs rely on specially tailored open boundaries in the flatband lattice with wavefunction singularities due to band‐touching, manifesting topological noncontractible loop states that cannot be simply constructed from superposition of conventional flatband states. The robustness of such boundary modes to perturbations is also examined, corroborated by numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. This work illustrates a photonic platform exhibiting Dirac cones, singular band‐touching and multiple flat bands that may be employed to study exotic flatband phenomena and topological insulating phases in optics and beyond.
Binder Chemistry Dependent Electrolyte Reduction in Potassium‐Ion Batteries: A Successive, Two‐Step Reduction Way
Authors: Zhou Wang , He Bingchen , Quan Lijiao , Li Ruhong , Chen Yuqing , Fan Changling , Chen Shi , Xu Chaohe , Fan Xiulin , Xing Lidan , Liu Jilei
Published: November 2022

Controlling electrode/electrolyte interfacial chemistry is critically important for improved K+ storage, but the influences of binder chemistry on electrolyte decomposition and interfacial properties are still poorly understood. Herein, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based graphite electrodes are introduced as model systems to quantify the electrolyte decomposition, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and the corresponding kinetic evolution transition. A noncatalytic electrolyte reduction path on the CMC‐based electrode and a catalytic reduction path on the PVDF‐based electrode are identified, in terms of the reduction overpotential and product selectivity. The electrolyte reduction and/or SEI formation are found to occur in a successive, two‐step manner, starting with the electrochemical reduction at a potential above 0.35 V where no potassiation has happened (step I), and followed by the thermodynamically accelerated electrolyte reduction at a potential below 0.35 V (step II). Kinetics analysis reveals the former is charge transfer‐controlled for both CMC and PVDF‐based electrodes, and the latter involves a kinetic transition to SEI resistance controlled for the PVDF system, while it is charge transfer‐controlled for the CMC system. All these examples, highlight that binder chemistry plays a dominant role in the electrolyte decomposition and electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties, and promote a better fundamental understanding of electrolyte reduction.
Limited impact of vapor pressure deficit on rainfed maize evapotranspiration, CO2 flux, and canopy temperature
Authors: Riha Susan J. , Melkonian Jeff
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have suggested that increasing growing season vapor pressure deficit (vpd) will result in greater crop water use and more frequent water stress in rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). In this 3‐year study, we used flux tower and biometeorological measurements to examine the impact of diurnal variability of vpd and other climate parameters on latent heat (LE), sensible heat (H) and CO2 fluxes, and canopy temperature in field‐grown maize at non‐stress (high) and stress (low) volumetric soil water contents (SWC). Increases in vpd impacted LE primarily through midday when both net radiation (Rn) and vpd are increasing but vpd can still be low enough (<1,800 Pa) so that not all Rn is being dissipated as LE. At high SWC, increases in LE at maximum daily vpd (1500–1700 h) were limited because Rn was decreasing at that time. Increases in LE above Rn at maximum vpd depended on H flux toward the canopy, which occurred late in the day and was generally low (<50 W m−2). Vpds above 2000 Pa were only recorded at low SWC where CO2 flux was reduced and canopy temperature was greater than air temperature, indicating reduced canopy conductance. However, similar LE occurred at both low and high SWC due to higher potential evapotranspiration at low SWC. Our data suggest that the impact of possible increases in growing season vpd on LE may be limited in rainfed maize.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of WeiNaoKang (SaiLuoTong) in treating vascular dementia
Authors: Liu Junguang , Chang Dennis , Cordato Dennis , Lee Kien , Dixson Hugh , Bensoussan Alan , Chan Daniel Kam Yin
Published: November 2022

Objective

WeiNaoKang (or SaiLuoTong) is an herbal formula consisting of ginkgo, ginseng, and saffron. Our objective was to investigate if WeiNaoKang could improve cognitive function and cerebral perfusion in patients suffering from vascular dementia.

Methods

A 16‐week randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was carried out in the setting of a memory disorder clinic at a single center. Patients with vascular dementia diagnosed clinically but supported by imaging and other investigations were invited to participate. The diagnoses were based on the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS‐AIREN) criteria. An independent blinded assessor evaluated the effects of the formula. Intervention group was compared to the control group. A subgroup of participants was randomly chosen for further evaluation of cerebral perfusion by single photon emission computed tomography scans post‐treatment.

Results

Both groups were comparable in age (mean = 74 ± 7.2 years in the placebo group and 75 ± 7.4 in the intervention group) and in other demographics. Sixty‐two participants were included in final analysis. Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Portion (ADAS‐cog) was the primary outcome. By week 16, the mean ADAS‐cog reduced from 24.48 to 20.30 (mean reduction = 4.18) for those in the treatment group, and from 18.98 to 17.81 (mean reduction = 1.18) for those in the placebo group. The difference in mean reduction of ADAS‐cog was −3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.910 to −1.100) in favor of the treatment group. Secondary outcomes of activities of daily living and quality of life measures also showed significant difference. In the perfusion scan analysis, the difference in the change in cerebral blood flow (t‐scores) pre‐ and post‐treatment between the intervention group (n = 7) and the placebo group (n = 11) was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial, we demonstrated significant differences in improvement in cognitive function and activities of daily living. The clinical improvement is corroborated with improvement in cerebral perfusion in a subset of participants.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro Compounds through Activation and Cleavage of C−H Bonds
Authors: Phukon Jyotshna , Jyoti Borah Arun , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: November 2022

Spirocyclic compounds represent an imperative class of naturally occurring substances characterized by their potential biological properties. They receive much attention as scaffolds in modern drug discovery programs and widespread applications in asymmetric organic synthesis as chiral catalysts and ligands because of their structural rigidity and excellent stereochemical recognition. With the advent of C−H activation/annulation, their synthesis enters into a new dimension with the formation of novel spiro cycles. The present review highlights the advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed synthesis of spirocyclic compounds triggered by C−H bond activation.
Licht‐aktivierte Translation verschiedener mRNAs in Zellen durch wellenlängenabhängiges Photoentschützen
Authors: Bollu Amarnath , Klöcker Nils , Špaček Petr , P. Weissenboeck Florian , Hüwel Sabine , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: November 2022

Die 5′‐Kappe ist ein Kennzeichen der eukaryotischen mRNA und an der Initiation der Translation beteiligt. Ihre Modifikation mit einer einzigen durch Licht abspaltbaren Gruppe kann die Translation von mRNA unter die Kontrolle von Licht bringen. UV‐Bestrahlung verursacht jedoch Zellstress und eine Herunterregulierung der Translation. Darüber hinaus beinhalten komplexe Prozesse oft die zeitlich abgestimmte Expression von mehr als einem Gen. Der Ansatz würde daher stark von der Möglichkeit profitieren, eine Entschützung durch sichtbares Licht zu bewirken und mehr als eine mRNA gleichzeitig zu kontrollieren. Wir berichten über die Synthese einer 5′‐Kappe, die mit einem 7‐(Diethylamino)‐Cumarin (CouCap) modifiziert wurde, und über angepasste Bedingungen für die in vitro Transkription. Die Translation der resultierenden CouCap‐mRNA ist in vitro und in Säugetierzellen stummgeschaltet und kann durch Bestrahlung mit 450 nm initiiert werden. Die native Kappe wird dabei wiederhergestellt, und an der mRNA verbleiben weder nicht‐natürliche Reste noch Sequenzveränderungen. Simultane Kontrolle von zwei verschiedenen mRNAs wurde durch die Kombination von Kappenanaloga mit Cumarin‐ und ortho‐Nitrobenzyl‐basierten photospaltbaren Gruppen erreicht.
Bronchoscope‐assisted Tritube® placement for resection of sequential tracheal stenosis
Authors: Meierhans R. , Gelpke H. , Hetzel J. , Madjdpour C.
Published: November 2022

Symptomatic tracheal stenosis is a rare but significant complication of long‐term tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Airway management for tracheal resection in severe tracheal stenosis, especially sequential stenoses, requires multidisciplinary planning. A valuable method of airway management is the insertion of a small‐bore, cuffed tracheal tube (Tritube®, Ventinova Medical B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) in combination with flow‐controlled ventilation. In this case, a patient with tracheal stenosis following prolonged ventilation required resection of the stenosed tissue. A Tritube was placed via a J‐tipped guidewire inserted through the working channel of a bronchoscope. Bronchoscopic cuff visualisation along the tube in severe stenosis is impossible because of the outer diameter of the tracheal tube. In this case, we therefore estimated the position of the tube tip based on the distance from the vocal cords to the carina measured on pre‐operative computed tomography imaging. During completion of the dorsal tracheal anastomosis, cross field ventilation using a conventional tracheal tube had to be started due to impeded ventilation caused by the Tritube protruding distal to the carina. In severe sequential tracheal stenosis, a small‐bore tracheal tube can safely be placed by guidance with a J‐tipped guidewire. However, it is important to plan a backup method of ventilation, such as cross field ventilation, prior to commencing a critical procedure.