bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing of an Ultrahigh-performance Concrete Overlay Developed Using Local Materials
Authors: Manning Mark P. , Weldon Brad D. , Newtson Craig M.
Published: March 2021

The superior mechanical and durability properties of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) offer significant potential advantages when used as an overlay material—a common method for extending the service life of concrete bridge decks. Providing high compressive strength, improved environmental resistance, and increased service-life expectancy compared to conventional concretes, UHPC mixture proportions can be adapted using local materials. Flexural testing of a high-performance concrete (HPC; 66 MPa) prestressed channel beam bridge girder was conducted to investigate the use of nonproprietary UHPC (120 MPa) developed using materials primarily local to New Mexico, USA, for bridge deck overlays. The girder was first subjected to cyclic loading (minimum 1000 load-unload cycles to deflection-based service load conditions) to establish baseline performance and behavior. The girder surface was then textured, and a 25 mm nonproprietary UHPC overlay was cast. Cyclic loading was repeated for the girder-overlay system before loading the system to failure to investigate post-cracking flexural behavior. The UHPC overlay developed satisfactory bond with the HPC substrate without a bonding agent and exhibited no visible signs of distress or debonding after cyclic loading. Comparative analyses indicated increased stiffness and capacity for the girder- overlay system.
Investigation of Under-Deck Cable-Stayed Footbridges under Dynamic Pedestrian Loading
Authors: Georgiadis Konstantinos , Ruiz-Teran Ana M. , Stafford Peter J.
Published: March 2021

Under-deck cable-stayed (UDCS) footbridges are slender structures that promote the axial behaviour. This allows designers to take advantage of the entire sectional areas and reduce the required construction materials. Besides their high structural efficiency and sustainability, they also possess a number of other advantages such as multiple construction possibilities and strong aesthetic characteristics, therefore becoming an attractive solution in urban infrastructure. However, due to their slenderness, they are more prone to vibrations. Recent closures of footbridges of this typology, indicate that fundamental aspects of their structural response still remained unclear. This paper presents a set of example bridges built with this typology and a detailed investigation of a benchmark case under the dynamic action of pedestrians. Results show that, although ULS is satisfied using a very high deck slenderness (1/100), the SLS of vibrations is the critical design criterion that governs the slenderness of the deck (leading to values of 1/60).
System Identification of Long-Span Suspended Footbridges
Authors: Hwang Doyun , Kim Sunjoong , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: March 2021

Long-span suspended footbridges are gaining traction for their low cost, minimum impact to the surrounding environment and landmark value. Without specific guidelines in the general bridge design code governing these structures, there is a need for detailed vibration testing and analysis for individual structures. These structures are highly elastic and light-weighted compared to typical bridges, and thus display unique behaviors that are not generally observed in large-scale cable bridges. Such behaviors include coupled modes and observable change in natural frequency from pedestrian loading. Thus, detailed system identification is needed to gain a better understanding of their complex dynamic characteristics and behavior. Operational modal analysis (OMA) based techniques such as frequency domain decomposition (FDD), natural excitation technique (NExT) and eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) were used to extract modal shapes, natural frequencies and damping ratios from sensor data. The results from OMA analyses are compared with results from finite element models and discussed. Damping ratios and structural responses near the pedestrian excitation frequency are also discussed.
Performance-Based Design Research on a Long-Span High-Speed Railway Suspension Bridge
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Guo Hui , Zhao Xinxin , Su Pengfei , Gao Mangmang
Published: March 2021

A performance-based design (PBD) framework for high-speed railway suspension bridge is proposed from aspects of structural, operational and public requirements. Stiffness indexes are discussed. Results show that target performance shall include stiffness, strength, fatigue, stability, track geometry, train operation performance, human safety and public loss, etc. Case study results of a high-speed railway suspension bridge show that large cable force provide gravity stiffness with the vertical deflection to main span length is 1/488 under static live load. The longitudinal displacement (LD) is restricted to a proper value by arrangement of inclined stay cable at the mid-span and the viscous dampers between pylon and stiffening girder. LD at girder end under the total live load is 261mm. And the longitudinal drift mode shape appears later than symmetrical transverse and vertical bending. The vertical rotation angle at girder end is only 0.77‰ under ZK load (0.8UIC) for passenger-dedicated line by setting auxiliary pier at side span of the bridge. Considering the operational performance, elastic deformation of wind-resistant bearings at girder end shall be restricted to decrease the transverse rotation angle which has the limit value from 1.0‰ to 2.5‰ under different train speed. And the integral design of bridge expansion joint (BEJ) and rail expansion joint (REJ) at girder end is required.
A Long-life Maintenance Strategy for Existing Steel Railway Structures in Japan
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Taniguchi Nozomu , Yoda Teruhiko
Published: March 2021

Since Japan’s first rail line between Shinbashi and Yokohama opened on 14 October 1872, Japanese National Railways (JNR) has been expanding the railway network using many short span railway bridges. As a result, some of existing railway bridges become old nowadays. With aging, deterioration resulting from fatigue and corrosion becomes a severe problem and seriously affects the serviceability and durability of bridges. Therefore, appropriate preventive maintenance or strengthening should be performed on aged steel railway structures to ensure their reliability and safety in service condition. On this background, a maintenance method for existing steel railway bridges using rubber-latex mortar, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) plates, lightweight rapid hardening concrete, and reinforcement, was reported in this study. Both field tests and numerical analyses were performed to confirm the actual effectiveness of this strengthening method. According to the results obtained from this study, the present renovation method can greatly enhance the rigidity and reduce the stress levels of old steel railway bridges, resulting in the extension of their residual service lives.
Conceptual Design of balanced Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Soppela Sami , Järvenpää Esko
Published: March 2021

The cables are the major loadbearing cost components in the longitudinal direction of a cable-stayed bridge. The quantity of the cables reflects directly to the comparative costs of different alternative layouts. The cable forces, calculated for permanent load balance lead to a reliable cable quantity estimation. For a long-term durability it is important that the bridge is in balance for permanent loads. The influence of the live loads can be estimated separately.

The purpose of this article is to estimate cable quantities in an early design stage when finding the optimum solution for the bridge. A simple solution method is carried out mathematically using vector algebra and the force length method. This article sets a clear path for determining the preliminary cable forces and cable quantities for two-pylon and single-pylon cable-stayed bridges. The variables are the span length relation, pylon height relation to the main span length, optimum cable anchorage distance at the pylon and the permanent load of the deck.

Also, the cable quantities of single-pylon bridges can be calculated, even for bridges with highly asymmetric spans. It is noted that the single-pylon cable-stayed bridge has remarkably bigger cable quantity than the two- pylon bridge with equal length.

The results reveal that the optimum cable anchorage distance in the pylon depends on the pylon height. The higher the pylon is, the greater the optimum anchorage distance should be.

For the durable bridge an optimum layout and a good balance for gravity loads with minimized bending moments are an important design target. The article helps in reaching that target.
Modeling the interaction between non-uniform corrosion of rebar and corrosion-induced cover cracking
Authors: Chen Junyu , Zhang Weiping
Published: March 2021

Circumferential non-uniform corrosion of rebars in concrete normally occurs in marine environment, and has an adverse impact on corrosion-induced cover cracking which may conversely change the circumferential corrosion profile. This paper investigates the interaction between chloride-induced non-uniform corrosion and corrosion-induced cover cracking. A chloride penetration model is introduced to predict the distribution of chloride content in concrete, which can determine the corrosion initiation time around the circumferential surface of a rebar. Subsequently, the time-dependent corrosion rate around the rebar surface can be calculated based on electrochemical theory, and then the corrosion profile at different time can be deduced. With the cross-sectional corrosion profile as an input, a mechanical model for corrosion-induced cover cracking can be utilized to simulate the development of surface crack, which has a significant influence on the diffusion of chloride ions and oxygen and may change the corrosion process. The derived model is verified with experimental results, and then a case study is conducted to demonstrate the time-varying non-uniform corrosion profile. Numerical simulation results indicate that, compared with uniform corrosion, non-uniform corrosion can lead to earlier cover cracking and faster development of surface crack width.
A curved footbridge with hidden extras
Authors: Arason Magnús , Haraldsson Olafur S. , Christer Steve
Published: March 2021

For improved safety and ease of travel for pedestrians and cyclists across the busy 4-lane main road Breidholtsbraut in the suburb of Breidholt in Reykjavik, Iceland, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration and Reykjavik City Council engaged EFLA Consulting Engineers and Studio Granda Architects for the design of a footbridge over the road. The bridge is an 86-m long, post-tensioned concrete girder in four spans and follows a curved alignment that plays on the landscaped surroundings. The attractive shape of the underside of the concrete girder is formed by a series of arcs; the cross-section having been used before by the design team to good effect. Aiming for minimized inspection and maintenance costs, the end abutments of the bridge are supported through a concealed concrete hinge, eliminating the need for bearings and construction joints. The stainless-steel wire mesh handrail was embedded into the concrete deck post casting, using a carefully planned core drilling procedure. The bridge does not have a support in the road central reserve, and this has allowed the bridge construction to proceed with only a few, short closures of the busy underlying road. The result is a well-received addition to the collection of Reykjavik footbridges.
Pseudo-static Test on Mechanic Behavior of Pile with Pre-Hole filled by Foam in IABs
Authors: Xue Junqing , Lin Yibiao , Fu Ruihuan , Briseghella Bruno , Huang Fuyun , Nuti Camillo
Published: March 2021

Comparing with the conventional jointed bridges, integral abutment bridges (IABs) have not the typical durability problems of expansion joints and bearings and could have better seismic performance due to the high redundancy and integrity. The concrete piles supporting the abutments are often considered as the most vulnerable component in IABs under longitudinal deformation of superstructure caused by temperature variation and seismic load. The pre‐hole method could be adopted to absorb the longitudinal deformation transferred from superstructure to the piles. Therefore, how to improve the energy dissipation of concrete piles to reduce the influence of seismic load is the key issue in IABs. In this paper, a technology based on piles with pre‐holes filled by damping material (called pre‐hole isolation pile) is proposed to improve the seismic response of IABs. The piles supporting the abutments of one real integral abutment bridge were chosen as case study. Pseudo‐static tests of two model piles with the scaled factor of 1/12.5 considering soil‐pile interaction (SPI) were performed. Foam was chosen as damping material. It could be found that compared with conventional piles, the hysteresis curve and the equivalent viscous damping ratio of pre‐hole isolation pile considering SPI was fuller and larger. According to the obtained results, the pre‐hole filled with foam technology could improve the energy dissipation of the concrete piles in integral abutment bridges and their seismic performance.
The Structural Dynamics of the World Trade Center Catastrophe
Authors: Schneider Ansgar
Published: March 2021

Bažant et al. have proposed a model of a gravity-driven collapse of a tall building which collapses in a progressive-floor collapse after the failure of a single storey. The model allows the re-computation of the structural resistance of the building once the downward movement of the building has been quantified. We give a physically more sound version of the collapse model, and determine the downward movement of the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Thereby we reproduce a value for the upward resisting force during the collapse that is similar to what has been achieved by Bažant et al. for the first three seconds of the collapse. However, our method of measurement also includes data up to 9 seconds after collapse initiation. These data show a much bigger upward resistance force between 4 and 7 seconds after collapse initiation.
Practical Examples of Successful Design Review
Authors: Brehm Eric , Hertle Robert , Soane Alastair , Wetzel Markus , Hertle Thomas
Published: March 2021

Human error is the major cause for structural collapse [1]. Design review is the most effective way to rid human errors out of the design process and thus most societies have implemented procedures for design review. Naturally, different systems come with different properties in terms of effectiveness and error-proneness.

This paper will provide practical examples of successful design review and will derive challenges and methods of counteraction during the design review process. Emphasis will be on realistic examples as a basis for a theoretical derivation of improved design review concepts.
Handling Accidents and Calamities in Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Daniel Ryszard A. , Paulus Timothy M.
Published: March 2021

Hydraulic closures in dams, navigation locks and flood barriers belong to the most heavily loaded structures built by people. While ensuring their sufficient strength is the main engineers’ concern, one must also be prepared to adequately handle their failures. Identifying and reducing the risks of failures is an issue of wider scope than structural analysis alone. Once an accident happens, proper investigations, handling the losses and planning the repair become primary goals. This paper gives a general guidance on these issues reflecting the European (mainly Dutch) and American practice. The discussion includes both handling the situations immediately after the accidents, and the choice between repair and replacement of a damaged structure. Accidents are infrequent events of very diverse causes and consequences, therefore this discussion has an engineering rather than statistical character.

Both authors contributed to resolving accidents and failures of hydraulic structures, in the roles varying from investigation or design leader to repair manager. They were also consulted or made part of crisis teams in a number of other so-called “upset events”. This paper combines the highlights of their own experience and the practices being followed by the waterway administrations in the USA and the Netherlands. The selected examples are also from these countries, but can be seen as reflecting issues and concerns anywhere.
Multi-Vehicle Load Identification Using Existing Bridge Health Monitoring System
Authors: Chen Limu , Jian Xudong , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: March 2021

Collecting the information of traffic load, especially heavy trucks, is crucial for bridge statistical analysis, safety evaluation, as well as maintenance strategies. This paper presents a traffic sensing methodology that combines a deep learning based computer vision technique with the influence line theory. Theoretical background and derivations are introduced from both aspects of structural analysis and computer vision techniques. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed traffic sensing method through field tests, a systematic analysis is performed on a continuous box-girder bridge. The obtained results show that the proposed method can automatically identify the vehicle load and speed with promising efficiency and accuracy, and most importantly cost-effectiveness. All these features make the proposed methodology a desirable bridge weigh-in-motion system, especially for bridges already equipped with structural health monitoring system.
The Role of LiDAR in the Realm of Bridge Assessment
Authors: Trias Adriana , Yu Yi , Gong Jie , Moon Franklin L.
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing is widely viewed as a potentially disruptive technology in the realm of bridge engineering, especially as it relates to assessment and forecasting of future performance. Initial applications for LiDAR in bridge engineering were limited to measuring large-scale dimensions such as span length and clearance, underutilizing the vast majority of the data gathered. Improvements in data processing and proper manipulation open the possibility of exploiting LiDAR for estimating smaller dimensions which have direct relevance on structural capacity estimation. Furthermore, the comprehensive nature of LiDAR datasets allows calculating global displacements, warping, and deformations caused by local loads or damages at any desired point of the scanned structure. To investigate the practicality of this potential, a suite of LiDAR scans was carried out during a destructive test on a heavily skewed steel multi-girder bridge. Displacement results drawn from the point cloud were between 9% and 12% less compared to the displacements gathered from conventional sensors. In addition, the progression of girder warping was also registered and quantified by the LiDAR dataset. This study provides a detailed accounting of the current state of LiDAR as a potential bridge assessment tool compared to more conventional sensing and visual inspection approaches.
Energy-Based Robustness Measure for Deteriorating Structures
Authors: Capalbo Marco , Anghileri Mattia , Biondini Fabio
Published: March 2021

An approach to robustness assessment of structural systems undergoing continuous damage is presented. Damage is described by means of a dimensionless index associated with prescribed patterns of cross-sectional deterioration and computed through a weighted average over the structural volume based on strain energy. The variation of a performance indicator associated with deformation modes and load participation factors is related to the amount of damage to obtain a dimensionless measure of structural robustness. The proposed approach is applied to structural robustness assessment of an arch bridge under continuous deterioration.
Flutter Analysis Using Quasi-Steady Time-Domain Flutter Derivatives
Authors: Maheux Sébastien , Langlois Sébastien , Légeron Frédéric
Published: March 2021

To be able to perform nonlinear flutter analyses for bridges, time‐domain approaches should be used instead of Scanlan’s formulation of self‐excited forces. Thus, this paper addresses the development and validation of a modified quasi‐steady time‐domain model similar to Scanlan’s approach that is based on the velocity and acceleration of the bridge deck. In this formulation, quasi‐steady time‐domain flutter derivatives measured in the wind tunnel through forced‐vibration tests at absolute constant velocity and acceleration are used. For this, a unique test rig, which can be used either for free‐ or forced‐vibration tests, was utilized. By measuring the time‐domain flutter derivatives of the Great Belt Bridge, their nondimensionalization with respect to the bridge‐deck width, velocity and acceleration of the deck is validated. Then, time‐domain flutter analyses are performed using this new model. They agree with the experimental critical speed and the prediction using Scanlan’s model.
IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL COLORED FOODS IN OUR DAILY DIET
Authors: Jagwani Jyoti
Published: March 2021

Colors are not only beautiful to look at. They also affect our well being. By applying the correct color to a specific problem area within our bodies, we can influence our well being. This can also be achieved via the color of our food.The basic rule is: a little bit of everything. If we eat a colorful variety, we will be taking in all the most important nutrients necessary for a smooth functioning of all body functions. This makes one healthy and fit.Our bodies are marvelous. They are designed in a way that they take up the color we are deficient in and excrete those not required. Fruits and vegetables contain hundreds of colorful phytochemicals that act as antioxidant, which help to mop up potentially harmful molecules called free radicals before they get a chance to damage cells.
DIFFERENT COLORS AND POLITICALIDEOLOGY
Authors: Chandrashekhar Mamta
Published: March 2021

This research work based on the colorfulPolitics which existing in the different societies in the world. Everybody has a different thoughts and vision to see the world so there are different political ideologiesto represent a political party, either officially or unofficially. Political Parties in different countries with similar ideologies tend to use similar colours.They have long been associated with specific colors. This is largely due to the fact that politics became popular long before literacy did in the history of human being cultural development because the people couldn’t read and even images could get complicated, political signs and signs in general, have to express something with different colors.India has always been exalted and remembered fondly as the country of different symbolic colors. To an outsider, its colorful culture, streets and stories seem like a page out of an ancient folk tale but there is a unity too in diversity. Different Colours, in essence, has been a large part of the Indian consciousness. Different parties come to rule with their owndifferent ideologieswith different colors. The symbolic colors of politics, there many colors, For example- Saffron- BJP ruled Centre and states,Tri color- Congress ruled states,Red - Left parties ruled states. Another color-NCP ruled state (Jammu &Kashmir) Every color has its own significance , own ideology, own thinking process, own style of functioning and own importance in political life. They may be like different flowers of different colors, but they all make a fabulous common garland-that is INDIA.
IMPACT OF COLOR ON OUR
Authors: Sabyasachi Rana
Published: March 2021

There are many colors in our world. Think of how bland and unexciting it would be without color. Colors light up our surroundings, and inspire us to be creative. Life would have been terribly drab if colors did not exist. I cannot imagine a world where there was a total absence of color. It is enough for us to look at the dawn after the darkness of night to know the difference. Landscapes and seascapes take life from the different shades of greens and blues, the colors of the birds' feathers, the different colors of fish, and the multicolored flowers.
EFFECT OF COLOR IN HUMAN LIFE
Authors: Sharma Sunny
Published: March 2021

Take a minute and imagine the world around you without colors, how boring and unexciting life would be colors play a vital role in our daily lives and if has been proven that our actives and response and influenced by them.Every color has a unique effect on individuals and stimulates various responses e.g. a research has proven that blue color enhances creativity whereas the colors red helps to be focused and has appositive effect on memory. Dark green color has a motivational effect on males. The color is yellow helps to release a chemicals in the brain called serotonin essentials for causing a happy mood and change are the happiest color. So every color different effect in our life each color corresponds with a vibrations with an every with an element and with a desired out come .getting the colors wrong can at best Make a spell fair and at work could backfires on the spell caster or recipient of the spell manifestation
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN COLOR AND WORD COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Ojha Sandeep
Published: March 2021

Painting and English Literature depict different aspects of nature and human life. Each color in painting and each word in literature plays an important role in this depiction but a single color or a single word in a work of art is not an absolute entity.The color and the word gain their complete artistic appeal and symbolic significance in a painting or a work of literature when combined and arranged coherently with other colors and words. Great painters and literary writers have dexterity in selection of colors and words of apt meaning and intensity as well as an ability to create the right composition of colors and words to produce an integrated effect.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOR (A STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS)
Authors: Sengupta Geetali
Published: March 2021

Humans have a fondness for colors, not from today but for centuries. Color is the most valuable gift of nature and God. Life cannot be imagined without color. The diverse colors of countless objects composed by nature have been sources of inspiration. On seeing them, man has engraved him in paintings, sculptures, dramas and literature. We get continuous energy and enlightenment power through colors, of course, colorless life is dull, indifferent and monotonous. Man is a lover of beauty by nature. Therefore, he has a close relationship with colors. He has learned to create different colors first from nature and then gradually from scientific experiences and has started his life with colors.

रंगों के प्रति मानव का अनुराग आज से नहीं बल्कि सदियों से रहा है। रंग प्रकृति एवं ईष्वर की सबसे बहुमूल्य देन है। रंग के बिना जीवन की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती है। प्रकृति द्वारा रचित अनगिनत वस्तुओं के विविध रंग प्रेरणा के स्त्रोत रहे हैं। इन्हें देखकर मनुष्य ने उसे चित्रकलाओं, मूर्तिकलाओं, नाट्य एवं साहित्य में उकेरा है। रंगों से हमें निरन्तर ऊर्जा एवं चैतन्य शक्ति प्राप्त होती है, निष्चित ही रंगविहीन जीवन नीरस, उदासीन एवं एकसार होता है। मनुष्य स्वभाव से सुन्दरता प्रेमी है। अतः रंगों से उसका घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहा है। पहले प्रकृति से फिर धीरे-धीरे वैज्ञानिक अनुभवों से उसने विभिन्न रंगों का सृजन करना सीख लिया है और अपने जीवन को रंगों से सरोवार कर लिया।
COLOR THERAPY
Authors: Charate Vandana
Published: March 2021

Color is synonymous with various sensations and sensations in human life. The human world is also made up of diverse colors. That is why in Indian culture too, the nature of various rituals is embedded around colors. They provide excitement, despair, happiness and sorrow. In the same way, the body of man is also made of different colors, which is reflective of his mental and physical condition, this balance of colors is nature ie God. In this, a person becomes unwell due to disturbances or imbalances, then through various treatments or medical methods, efforts are made to balance these colors and make the human being healthy. This therapy comes under alternative medicine, which is called "cryotherapy".

रंग मानवीय जीवन में विविध अनुभूतिय¨ं एवं संवेदनाअ¨ं का पर्याय है। मनुष्य की दुनिया भी विविध रंग¨ं से बनी है। इसीलिये भारतीय संस्कृति में भी विविध संस्कार¨ं का स्वरूप रंग¨ं क¢ इर्दगिर्द ही समाया हुआ है। ज¨ उत्साह, निराशा, सुख और दुख की अनुभूति करवाते हैं। इसी तरह मनुष्य का शरीर भी विविध रंग¨ं से निर्मित है, ज¨ उसकी मानसिक और शारीरिक स्थिति का द्य¨तक है, रंग¨ं का यह संतुलन प्रकृति अर्थात् ईश्वर प्रदŸा ह¨ता है। इसमें गडबडी या असंतुलन ह¨ने पर मनुष्य अस्वस्थ ह¨ जाता है, तब विविध उपचार या चिकित्सा पद्धति क¢ माध्यम से इन रंग¨ं क¨ संतुलित कर मनुष्य क¨ स्वस्थ बनाने का प्रयास किया जाता है। यह चिकित्सा वैकल्पिक चिकित्सा क¢ अन्तर्गत आती है, जिसे ‘‘क्र¨म¨थेरेपी (ब्ीतवउवजीमतंचल)’’ कहा जाता है।
COLOR COMBINATION IN THE ART OF SPECIAL CHILDREN: A STUDY (WITH REFERENCE TO THE DEAF AND DUMB CHILDREN)
Authors: Singh Naruka Phoolita Yogendra
Published: March 2021

Making art work with special children (mentally challenged, deaf, deaf, blind) is a challenging task in itself. Creating an understanding of colors in them, explaining their meaningful use and then moving them towards creativity is a laborious task. To understand the color combinations of special children, first of all they should be left alone to paint something with color, canvas and brushes. After some time their color combination should be visible.The special emotions and emotions of children can be understood by colors. Pride and happiness can be seen in children who use yellow and purple colors, while children who use red color more often show signs of rage and anger. Children who use green color are happy and anxious. Similarly, children who use blue more are of calm and stable nature.

विषेष बालकों (मानसिक,विकलंाग,मूक-बधिर,अंध) से कला सृजनकार्य करवाना अपने आप में एक चुनौती पूर्ण कार्य है। उनमें रंगों की समझ पैदा करना, उनके सार्थक उपयोग को समझाना और फिर उसे सृजनात्मकता की ओर अग्रसर करना श्रम साध्य कार्य है। विषेष बालकों के रंग संयोजन को समझने के लिए सर्वप्रथम उन्हें रंग, कैनवास और ब्रष के साथ कुछ चित्रित करने के लिए अकेले छोड़ देना चाहिए। कुछ समय बाद उनके रंग-संयोजन को दृष्टिगत करना चाहिए।रंगों से विषेष बालकों की मानसिक भावनाओं और संवेगों को समझा जा सकता है। पीले व बैंगनी रंग का अधिक उपयोग करने वाले बालकों में प्रफुल्लता और खुषी के भाव देखे जा सकते है वहीं लाल रंग का अधिक प्रयोग करने वाले बालकों में उग्रता व क्रोध के लक्षण दिखाई देते है। हरे रंग का प्रयोग करने वाले बालक प्रसन्नता और निष्चिंता लिए होते है। इसी तरह नीले रंग का अधिक प्रयोग करने वाले बालक शान्त व स्थिर प्रकृति के होते है।
"THERAPY WITH FLOWERS OF VARIOUS COLORS: A STUDY
Authors: Joshi Shobhana , Khandwe Kirti
Published: March 2021

The priceless gift given by God to human lovers is included in the beautiful flowers of nature. The flower itself is a poem in itself. Flowers are rich in many mineral salts. Flowers vary from season to season. Flowers are the softest product of nature. The flower is the carrier of emotions. The flower is a symbol of love with its beauty, aroma, tenderness. Is also the communicator of love. The flower is vibrant. The basis of expression of depth of emotions is the flower itself. Flower is the bridge between the devotee and God. Vandana is the medium. Flowers are the main ingredient of devotion in Bhagavat worship. Flower means flower with its five qualities, beauty, color, softness, smell and pollen. It is a source of joy. It is the father of attraction. Beautiful expression of nature. Symbol of feelings, flower in the gift of nature is also a means of treatment of many diseases. Effectiveness of diseases in flower medicine is important from every point of view. Color is an integral part of human culture. Along with the color, its aroma has a profound effect on the mind. With their glimpses, the body and mind become cheerful.

ईश्वर के द्वारा मानव प्रेमियों को दिया गया अमूल्य उपहार ‘फूल’ की प्रकृति की खूबसूरत नेमतों में शामिल है। फूल स्वयं अपने आप में एक कविता सा है। फूलों अनेक खनिज-लवणों से भरपूर होते है। हर मौसम के फूल अलग-अलग होते है।प्रकृति का कोमलतम उपादान है फूल। फूल भावनाओं का वाहक है। फूल प्रतीक है अपनी सुंदरता, सुगंध, कोमलता के साथ प्रेम का प्रतीक है। प्रेम का संदेश वाहक भी है। फूल जीवंत है। भावनाओं की गहराई के अभिव्यक्ति का आधार फूल ही है। भक्त एवं भगवान के बीच का सेतु है फूल। वंदना का माध्यम है। भगवत् आराधना में समर्पण का मुख्य उपादान है फूल। पुष्प अर्थात् फूल अपने पाँच गुणों, सौंदर्य, रंग, कोमलता, गंध और पराग के साथ क्रिया रुप है। आनंद का पोषक है। यह आकर्षण का जनक है। प्रकृति की सुंदर अभिव्यंजना है।भावनाओं के प्रतीक, प्रकृति के उपहार में फूल अनेक रोगों के उपचार के साधन भी है फूल चिकित्सा में रोगों की प्रभावशीलता हर दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण है। रंग मानव संस्कृति का अभिन्न हिस्सा है। रंग के साथ-साथ उसकी सुंगध मन-मस्तिष्क पर गहरा प्रभाव डालती है। इनकी झलक भर से तन-मन प्रफुल्लित हो जाता है।
THE COLORFUL TREND OF COLORS IN PANIKKAR'S WORKS
Authors: Gupta Garima
Published: March 2021

We all are widely affected by colors in our lives. The effect of colors can be seen in the stimulation of our emotions like our happiness, sorrow, excitement, relaxation, joy. In painter language, colors are short forms of emotion and thought. Each painter's method of using color is influenced by personal experience and interest, the painter uses the power of color to convey the meaning of the picture with his or her sensible technique.In this world, that Param Shakti has created many things. Probably even their number could not be counted throughout life. Different types of stones are known for their color and form and touch. In the same way, the string-flow of wood, the color and the surface, the softness of the flowers and the taste of the color provide a pleasant feeling to the viewer.

हम सभी अपने जीवन में रंग¨ंे से व्यापक रूप में प्रभावित ह¨ते हैं हमारे सुख-दुख, उत्त्¨जना, विश्राम, उल्लास आदि सभी भावनाअ¨ं के उद्दीपन में रंग¨ं का प्रभाव देखा जा सकता है। चित्र्ाकार की भाषा में रंग भावना एवं विचार के संक्षिप्त रूप ह¨ते हैं। प्रत्येक चित्र्ाकार द्वारा रंग¨ंे क¨ प्रय¨ग करने की विधि व्यक्तिगत अनुभव अ©र रुचि से प्रभावित ह¨ती हैं, चित्र्ा के अर्थसार क¨ व्यक्त करने मंे चित्र्ाकार रंग की सामथ्र्य का उपय¨ग अपनी अनुभूत तकनीक से करता है।इस भ©तिक जगत में उस परम् शक्ति ने अनेक वस्तुअ¨ं का निर्माण किया है। सम्भवतया जीवन भर उनकी संख्या भी न गिनाई जा सके। विभिन्न प्रकार के पत्थर उनके वर्ण तथा रूप एवं स्पर्श ज्ञान ह¨ते हैं। इसी प्रकार लकड़िय¨ं के रेश्¨-प्रवाह, वर्ण तथा धरातल, फूल-पत्तिय¨ं की मृदुता तथा वर्ण का आस्वादन दर्शक क¨ सुखद अनुभूतियाँ प्रदान करता हैं।
GRAPHIC INTENTIONS OF COLOR BLENDING IN INDIAN COMICS
Authors: Kumar Brijesh
Published: March 2021

Graphic intent based on color combination is a systematic and managerial thought stream called combination in the language of art. Which is related to the different problem intervals and dividing into regions and arranging the selection of lines, shapes, colors (colors), tano and veins, etc. The history of the combination of colors in the story (comics) has been very old. When man first opened his eyes, he hunted in the middle of the natural environment and started filling his stomach. As a result, looking at its natural environment, it made the medium to convey its message on the walls of stones, rocks, caves, etc., coal, stones and nature colors. Knowledge of its size and medium is an important fact when drawing all the colors used in a painting. The use of veins in paintings produces a combination with the idea of ​​cool light or heat and coldness. Which makes an important contribution in attracting any person. It is well known to like the combination of colors in illustration. In which, if we use a mixture of white, blue, brown or yellow colors in a scene depicting a peaceful gathering or a scene of peace, a beautiful combination will create a cool environment. While the combination of special exotic and warm environment by colors like red, orange, yellow, purple etc. will produce effects, it is more beneficial to use colors in pictures according to their cultural identity and situation. Which makes the importance of any scene more and more attractive.

रंग संयोजन के आधार पर ग्राफिक अभिप्राय एक व्यवस्थित और प्रबन्धात्मक विचार धारा को कला की भाषा में संयोजन कहते है। जिसका विभिन्न समस्या अन्तराल और क्षेत्रों में विभाजित करने एंव रेखाओं, आकृतियों, वर्णो (रंगों), तानो तथा वयन आदि के चयन को व्यवस्थित करने से सम्बधित है।चित्रकथा (काॅमिक्स) में रंगों का सयोजन का इतिहास काफी पुराना रहा है। मानव ने जब सर्वप्रथम आँखे खोली तो वह प्राकृतिक वातावरण के बीच रहते हुए शिकार करके अपना पेट भरने लगा। परिणाम स्वरूप अपने प्राकृतिक वातावरण को देखकर उसने पत्थरों, चट्टानों, गुफाओं आदि की दीवारांे पर कोयले, पत्थर तथा प्रकृति प्रद्दत रंगों को अपने संदेश सम्प्रेषित करने का माध्यम बनाया। चित्रकथा मंे प्रयुक्त सभी रंगों को चित्र बनाते समय उसके आकार और माध्यम का ज्ञान महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य है। समान प्रकाश छाया अथवा उष्णता कर शीतलता आदि के विचार से चित्रों में रगों का प्रयोग संयोजन उत्पन्न करता है। जो किसी भी व्यक्ति को आकर्षित करने में एक महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रखते है। इलैस्ट्रेशन में रंगों के सयोजन को पसन्द करना सर्वविदित है। जिसमें यदि हम किसी शान्त सभा या शान्त रस प्रदर्शित दृश्य को चित्रण में श्वेत, नीले, भूरे अथवा पीले रंगेां के विभिन्न मिश्रिणों का प्रयोग सुन्दर संयोजन शीतल वातावरण की सृष्टि करेगा। जबकि लाल नारंगी, पीले, बैगनी आदि रंगों द्वारा विशेष आलोकिक एंव उष्ण वातावरण का संयोजन प्रभाव उत्पन्न करेगा चित्रों में रंगो का प्रयोग उसकी सास्कृतिक पहचान उसकी स्थिति और प्रांसागिकता के अनुसार करना ज्यादा लाभदायक रहता है। जो किसी भी दृश्य के महत्व को ज्यादा और ज्यादा आकर्षक बनाता है।
USE OF COLORS FOR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT AND DISEASE PREVENTION POWER
Authors: Acharya Pankaja
Published: March 2021

Colors have a definite effect on the human body and mind. Dyed clothes, the color found in the houses, they leave their impact. Whether the sun rays are taken on the body through glass or by placing a colored glass bottle in the sun for six hours after that water is drunk after two hours, its effect also helps in providing healing according to the color. Researchers say that the effect of colors on specific parts of the brain is special, and then the same kind of inspiration goes on for the whole body. Magnetic powers are modulated and change their effect. The effect of colors has been seen directly on the pituitary and pineal glands of the brain. The hypothalamus region has been shown to be agitated and relaxed on this basis. This is why they are helpful in preventing debility and illness.

मनुष्य के शरीर और मन पर रंगों का सुनिश्चित प्रभाव पड़ता है। रंगे कपड़े, पुते मकान में जो रंग मिला होता है, वे अपना प्रभाव छोड़ते हैं। काँच के माध्यम से सूर्य किरणों को शरीर पर लिया जाए या रंगीन काँच की बोतल को धूप में छः घण्टे रखकर उस पानी को दो-दो घण्टे बाद पिया जाए तो उसका प्रभाव भी रंग के अनुसार आरोग्य प्रदान करने में काम आता है। शोधकर्ताओं का कथन है कि रंगों का प्रभाव मस्तिष्क के महत्वपूर्ण भागों पर विषेष रूप से पड़ता है और फिर वहाँ से उसी प्रकार प्रेरणा सारे षरीर के लिए चल पड़ती है।अंतःस्त्रावी ग्रन्थियों से स्त्रावित होने वाले हार्मोन इन रंगों के प्रभाव से अपनी क्षमता में रंगों की चुम्बकीय षक्ति से न्यूनाधिक होते है और अपने प्रभाव में परिवर्तन करते हैं। मस्तिष्क की पिट्युटरी और पीनियल ग्रन्थियों पर रंगों का प्रभाव प्रत्यक्ष देखा गया है। हाइपोथैलेमस क्षेत्र को इसी आधार पर उत्तेजित और शांत होते देखा गया है। यही कारण है तो दुर्बलता और रूग्णता का निवारण करने में सहायक होते हैं।
RELIGION IN THE COLOR SYSTEM UNDER BADRINATH ARYA
Authors: Yadav Vishal
Published: March 2021

Indian modern art is considered to have started from the mid-19th century. When the English ruler decided to set up art colleges in Madras, Calcutta, Mumbai, Lahore and Lucknow to train Indian artists in European art. These art colleges hired English artists who painted using natural English method. During this time, Japanese artists Hidisa and Taikan came to Calcutta who trained the Wash system first in India to Avindranath Thakur and this is how the Wash system was born in India. When it comes to the Indian wash system, first comes the atmosphere of the Bengal School, by which trained artists were established in all the important art centers of the country and an atmosphere of wash painting was created all over the country. In such a situation, after the Bengal School, Lucknow has emerged as the second center for wash depictions. Here, another developed form of wash came out, where opaque or opaque colors were used in Bengal, whereas in Lucknow it was avoided. The technique of wash painting was originally introduced by Avindnath Thakur in Calcutta. Some of his subjects were appointed in Lucknow Arts and Crafts College, thus the technique was further developed in Lucknow and later all these artists worked in this medium and developed it in which Arpit Kumar Haldar, Abdul Rahman Chughtai, LM Sen and Badrinath Artists like Arya kept experimenting with watercolor in the wash method.

भारतीय आधुनिक कला की प्रारंभ 19वीं सदी के मध्य से मानी जाती है। जब अंग्रेजी शासक ने यूरोपियन कला में भारतीय कलाकारों को प्रशिक्षित करने के लिए मद्रास, कलकत्ता, मुंबई, लाहौर व लखनऊ में कला महाविद्यालय स्थापति करने का निर्णय लिया। इन कला महाविद्यालयों ने स्वाभाविक अंग्रेजी पद्धति से चित्रण करने वाले अंग्रेजी कलाकारों की नियुक्ति हुई। इसी दौरान जापान के कलाकार हिदिसा और ताईकान कलकत्ता आए जिन्होंने वाॅश पद्धति का प्रषिक्षण भारत में सर्वप्रथम अविन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर को दिया और इसी प्रकार भारत में वाॅश पद्धति का जन्म हुआ। जब भारतीय वाॅश पद्धति की बात आती है तो सबसे पहले बंगाल स्कूल का एक ऐसा वातावरण समाने आता है जिससे प्रशिक्षित होकर कलाकार देश के सभी महत्वपूर्ण कला केन्द्रों में स्थापित हुए और वाॅश चित्रण का एक वातावरण पूरे देश में सृजित हुआ। ऐसे में बंगाल स्कूल के बाद लखनऊ वाॅश चित्रण के लिए दूसरे केन्द्र के रुप में उभरा। यहां पर वाॅश का दूसरा विकसित रुप सामने आए जहां बंगाल में अपारदर्शी या अल्पदर्शी रंगों का प्रयोग हुआ वहीं लखनऊ में इससे बचा गया। वाॅश चित्रकला की तकनीक प्रारंभ मूलतः अविन्दनाथ ठाकुर ने कलकत्ता में किया था। उनके कुछ विषय लखनऊ कला एवं शिल्प महाविद्यालय में नियुक्ति हुए इस प्रकार वह तकनीक लखनऊ में और विकसित हुई तथा बाद में इन सारे कलाकारों ने इस माध्यम में काम करते हुए इसका विकास किया जिसमें आर्पित कुमार हालदार, अब्दूल रहमान चुगताई, एल0 एम0 सेन व बद्रीनाथ आर्य जैसे कलाकारों ने जलरंग से वाॅश पद्धति में प्रयोग करते रहे।
A SURVEY OF CONSUMER SATISFACTION WITH MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEM: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF A UNIVERSITY IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE
Authors: Lin Li-Wei , Ji Zhu , Gang Xuan
Published: March 2021

Based on the extended study of online payment and settlement, we investigated interesting research on the use of online payment by students. This study mainly investigates the use of mobile payment consumers in a university in Haining, Zhejiang Province in 2020. The research object of this time is a university in Haining, Zhejiang Province. Mobile payment is very popular among young people. In this study, a college student was taken as the object of investigation, with 436 samples N, and the effective questionnaires reached 96%. The correlation was investigated through factor analysis. In recent years, mobile payment system has been more and more popular and used by consumers. Mobile payment is mainly applied to online and offline payment such as two-dimensional barcode shopping (purchased from vending machines and supermarkets), payment by public transportation (bus and subway), and game of grabbing red envelopes. In this study, Likert five-point scale was used to conduct factor analysis, and reliability and validity analysis of this action payment on consumer satisfaction was conducted. Convenience, security, credibility and consumer satisfaction brought by mobile payment system are the main research directions of this study. In the process of research design, we designed three hypothesis models, hoping to verify whether the hypothesis has causal correlation through this model.
Introduksi Budidaya Belut Sawah (Monopterus albus) dan Cacing Merah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai Pakan Belut di BTN Kendari Permai, Kota Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Idris Muhammad , Amirullah Amirullah , Emiyarti Emiyarti , Lawelle Sjamsu Alam , Ira Ira
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Internal UHO (PKMI-UHO), untuk mengintroduksi metode budidaya belut sawah (Monopterus albus) baik dengan media lumpur maupun dengan media air bersih, dan budidaya cacing merah sebagai pakan belut sawah, di BTN Kendari Permai, Kota Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.  Pelaksanaan meliputi pelatihan, praktek langsung dan pendirian Demplot (Demonstration Plot) budidaya belut sawah dan budidaya cacing tanah merah.  Terdapat dua aspek yang menjadi acuan dalam evaluasi.  Aspek proses, terdapat antusiasme yang besar dari warga terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan.  Aspek hasil, mulai dari sosialisasi hingga pelaksanaan demplot, warga menjadi tahu cara budidaya belut sawah dan cacing merah, dan menguasai teknologi tersebut.
Pictures and Learning Motivation Towards the Eighth Grade Students’ Writing Achievement on Descriptive Paragraph
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus
Published: March 2021

This research was concerned with an inquiry on the effect of the influence of using pictures and learning motivation towards the eight grades Students writing achievements on the descriptive paragraph of SMP Negeri 6 Pagaralam. The problem of this research was to find out whether or not there was an effect of the application pictures towards student's writing achievement on paragraph descriptive. Pictures strategy is a strategy that provides an opportunity for teachers to model exemplary pre-writing behavior and encourages students to set their purposes for writing. This enables students to become more motivated and active in writing a descriptive paragraph. Data collection employed pre-test and posttest for the experimental group. Data analysis was undertaken by using t-test and ANOVA. Findings showed that there was a significant effect of the application of pictures on student's writing achievement on a descriptive paragraph of the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 6 Pagaralam. The conclusion suggests that Ha was accepted while Ho was rejected. It means that using pictures was effective to improve student's writing achievement in a descriptive paragraph.
Perancangan Struktur Metode Student Centre Learning (SCL) Dalam Mata Kuliah Sistem Akuntansi Dengan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK)
Authors: Zahara  , Afni Zalida
Published: March 2021

This research porpuse to design the structure of Student Centre Learning (SCL) methode in accounting system subject that use curriculum based on competency. This is an action research in accounting system study at accounting departement of Padang State Polytechnic. This research uses Kemmis dan Mac Tanggart model which is devided in 5 steps that are: 1. Planning, 2. Action&Observation, 3. Reflecting&Replanning, 4. Action&Observation and 5. Reflecting. The application of SCL metode in accounting system study will be evaluated based on the score of studying observation, student respons and student score academic in accounting system. The observation and student respons questioners are measured by Linkert scale for 5 level as well as student academic score there are: 5=A=Very Good, 4=B=Good, 3=C=Enought, 2=D=Bad, and 1=E=Very Bad. All of score data will be process by SPSS package program to define the appropriateness of SCL methode for accounting system subject. This research is still going on to the second step. There are 5 SCL model that chosen as the result of the first step research (planning) i.e. Small Group Discussion, Discovery  Learning, Role Play, Contextual Instruction  dan Problem Based Learning.