bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two methods for the detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with oral cavity cancer
Authors: Curtin Justin , Wong Gordon , Wang Weilan , Thomson Peter , Lam Alfred K. , Choi Siu‐Wai
Published: September 2021

Background

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) detected in patient blood samples are relevant as diagnostic and prognostic markers offering insights into tumour behaviour and guiding treatment of cancer at an individualised level. The aim of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of detecting CTCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using two different methods so as to determine the optimal method for the study of this cancer.

Methods

Comparison of the numbers of CTCs, circulating tumour micro‐emboli (CTMs) and circulating tumour endothelial cells (CTECs), was undertaken in forty clinical samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) determined by filtration (ISET®) and in situ fluorescent immunostaining (i‐FISH, Cytelligen®) immunostaining and in situ hybridisation.

Results

i‐FISH detected CTCs in 80% of samples compared with 40% of samples analysed by microfiltration. i‐FISH detected CTCs in a further 40% of samples in which microfiltration did not detect CTCs. No CTC clusters were detected by microfiltration while i‐FISH detected CTM in 12.5% of samples. i‐FISH analysis detected CTECs in 20/40 samples.

Conclusion

These results highlight significant differences in detection of CTCs, CTM and CTECs between i‐FISH and microfiltration when applied to OSCC samples, suggesting that technologies capable of detecting circulating aneuploid cells more accurately detect CTCs. i‐FISH also detected CTM and CTEC not detected using ISET®. With proven prognostic relevance in adenocarcinomas, accurate enumeration of CTCs, CTMs and CTECs may be a clinically useful tool in the management of OSCC and may aid in the reduction of false‐negative diagnoses.
Can I breastfeed my baby with Down syndrome? A scoping review
Authors: Zhen Lijiin , Moxon Joseph , Gorton Susan , Hook Daniel
Published: September 2021

Aim

To summarise existing evidence about barriers and enablers to breastfeeding babies with Down syndrome (DS) in peer‐reviewed literature.

Methods

Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and Ovid Emcare were searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen yielded articles and those meeting the criteria were included for data extraction. Two authors extracted data including outcomes, design, definition of DS, barriers and enablers to breastfeeding babies with DS.

Results

Sixteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Barriers and enablers were categorised into maternal, child and health professional factors.

Conclusions

This review identified a significant literature gap related to breastfeeding babies with DS and more definitive research under current standards is needed. Mothers reported the need for high‐quality health professional breastfeeding support and evidence‐based effective breastfeeding techniques. A collaborated and concerted approach from both mothers and health professionals is important to optimise breastfeeding for babies with DS.
Digital reframing: The design thinking of redesigning traditional products into innovative digital products
Authors: Wang Gongtai
Published: September 2021

The redesign of traditional products into innovative digital products is a profound form of digital innovation. It is imperative for both digitally native and traditional firms to understand and effectively manage this form of digital innovation to survive and thrive amid expected disruptions when traditional products are driven out of business by digital products. Current insights into this form of digital innovation are limited, as previous research has focused on the design of innovative digital technologies. However, if we break everyday digital products down, we often find centuries‐old physical products and digital technologies that have existed for years, if not decades. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of digital innovation is needed to attend to how the digital and the physical are combined, and how such a combination makes digital products innovative even when it reuses existing digital technologies. To this end, this study addresses the research question, “How does the reuse of digital technologies enable the redesign of a traditional product into an innovative digital product?” Adopting the “design thinking as reframing” perspective, we conducted a grounded theory study of the design thinking acted out by the doing of the design of an innovative digital theatre. This study inductively develops a theory explaining the design thinking of redesigning a traditional product into an innovative digital product as a digital reframing process, where designers take the frames of digital technologies and rethink existing products (frame taking), merge the frames into the product under design (frame merging), and propose a new frame to interpret the resultant product (frame giving). Our study has important implications for both research and practice.
Non‐inflammatory joint effusions as a presenting sign of hypothyroidism in a dog
Authors: Kelly D. , Quinn R.
Published: September 2021

Non‐inflammatory joint effusion with characteristically increased synovial fluid viscosity is a rare but well‐recognised rheumatic manifestation of hypothyroidism in people and based on the literature search, this is the first report of the condition in dogs. A 2‐year‐old Pyrenean Mountain dog presented for lameness and multiple joint effusions. CT confirmed effusions affecting multiple limb joints along with delayed closure of multiple physes. Synovial fluid analysis from the effused joints showed no evidence of inflammation but the fluid viscosity was markedly increased. Serum total thyroxine concentration was decreased, thyroid‐stimulating hormone concentration was increased and antithyroglobulin autoantibody measurement returned a positive result. Oral levothyroxine supplementation resulted in relatively rapid and complete resolution of the clinical signs, in association with attaining a euthyroid state. Follow‐up examination and CT six months later confirmed resolution of the joint effusions and significant improvement or resolution of the other documented skeletal changes.
The role of personal and relative job performance in promotion decisions
Authors: Jokinen Juho , Pehkonen Jaakko
Published: September 2021

This study employs personnel data from a large university to examine how supervisors utilize information on employees' job performance in promotion decisions. The study shows that better‐performing employees are rewarded with promotions as a higher output of peer‐reviewed publications and better quality of research output are associated with a higher probability of being promoted. The study also shows that supervisors compare their subordinates' job performance when deciding on promotions: employees who outperform their colleagues in terms of research output and research quality are more likely to be promoted. Subsequently, the study provides evidence to support the key premise of the tournament theory that promotions depend on relative comparisons of employees' performance.
LOST IN THE QUEST FOR FLINT: A GRAVETTIAN HUNTING CAMP (USATEGI, BASQUE COUNTRY)
Authors: Calvo Aitor , Arrizabalaga Alvaro
Published: September 2021

Five decades ago, Usategi Cave (Basque Country) yielded a small Gravettian series that included an Isturitz‐type bone point. This paper presents the first 14C dates for the assemblage and new data obtained by the study of the lithic raw materials, a high proportion of which came from north of the Pyrenees. The discussion of this new information leads to the hypothesis that the occupants of the cave were a group that travelled from the continental Basque Country across the Pyrenean mountain passes and the Ebro basin to procure flint from the nearest outcrop at Urbasa.
Where Do People Live Longer in Russia in the 21st Century? Life Expectancy across Urban and Rural areas
Authors: Shchur Aleksey , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , Timonin Sergey , Andreev Evgeny , Leon David A.
Published: September 2021

The twenty‐first century marked the beginning of rapid health improvements in Russia. In the late 2000s and the 2010s, there was already a moderate decrease in inter‐oblast mortality disparities, with the exception of the growing life expectancy (LE) advantage of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. We have used newly available data to explore LE changes from 2003–2005 to 2015–2017 and determinants of LE differences across settlements of different types and population sizes. We distinguished between three major segments of the LE distribution: Moscow and Saint Petersburg at the top, large‐ and medium‐sized cities in the middle, and smaller urban and rural areas lagging behind. The LE differences among these three groups increased, but the within‐group differences decreased. The gaps between bigger cities and the “periphery” within oblasts grew, and this part of the total dispersion had increased substantially by 2015–2017. Education, together with population size, explained 62 percent (for females) and 67 percent (for males) of LE variation across 292 geographic units in 2015–2017. Our results suggest that slower health progress in small urban and rural areas is an important obstacle to further mortality reduction at the national level and is a matter of public health concern.
Simultaneous pediatric heart‐kidney transplant outcomes in the US: A‐25 year National Cohort Study
Authors: Choudhry Swati , Denfield Susan W. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Wang Yunfei , Tunuguntla Hari P. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Price Jack F. , Dreyer William J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Pediatric sHKTx remains uncommon in the US. We examined outcomes of pediatric sHKTx compared to PHTx alone. Our objective was to identify a threshold eGFR that justified pediatric sHKTx.

Methods

Data from the SRTR heart and kidney databases were used to identify 9245 PHTx, and 63 pediatric sHKTx performed between 1992 and 2017 (age ≤21 years).

Results

The median age for sHKTx was 16 years, and included 31 males (31/63 = 49%). Over half of sHKTx (36/63 = 57%) were performed in cases where pretransplant dialysis was initiated. Among patients who required pretransplant dialysis, the risk of death in sHKTx recipients was significantly lower than PHTx alone (sHKTx vs. PHTx: HR 0.4, 95% CI [0.2, 0.9], p = .01). In those without pretransplant dialysis, there was no improvement in survival between sHKTx and PHTx (p = .2). When stratified by eGFR, PHTx alone recipients had worse survival than sHKTx in the group with eGFR ≤35 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = .04). The 1‐ and 5‐year actuarial survival rates in pediatric sHKTx recipients were 87% and 81.5% respectively and was similar to isolated PHTx (p = .5). One‐year rates of treated heart (11%) and kidney (7.9%) rejection were similar in sHKTx compared to PHTx alone (p = .7) and pediatric kidney transplant alone (p = .5) respectively.

Conclusion

Pediatric sHKTx should be considered in HTx candidates with kidney failure requiring dialysis or eGFR ≤35 ml/min/1.73 m2. The utility of sHKTx in cases of kidney failure not requiring dialysis warrants further study.
Reflective reasoning & philosophy
Authors: Byrd Nick
Published: September 2021

Philosophy is a reflective activity. So perhaps it is unsurprising that many philosophers have claimed that reflection plays an important role in shaping and even improving our philosophical thinking. This hypothesis seems plausible given that training in philosophy has correlated with better performance on tests of reflection and reflective test performance has correlated with demonstrably better judgments in a variety of domains. This article reviews the hypothesized roles of reflection inphilosophicalthinking as well as the empirical evidence for these roles. This reveals that although there are reliable links between reflection and philosophical judgment among both laypeople and philosophers, the role of reflection in philosophical thinking may nonetheless depend in part on other factors, some of which have yet to be determined. So progress in research on reflection in philosophy may require further innovation in experimental methods and psychometric validation of philosophical measures.
DcWRKY75 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Xu Han , Luo Dan , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2021

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important and typical ethylene sensitive cut flowers worldwide, although how ethylene influences the petal senescence process in carnation remains largely unknown. Here, we screened out one of the key transcription factors, DcWRKY75, using a constructed ethylene induced petal senescence transcriptome in carnation and found that it shows quick induction by ethylene treatment. Silencing of DcWRKY75 delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. Molecular evidence confirms that DcWRKY75 can bind to the promoter regions of two main ethylene biosynthetic genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1) and a couple of senescence associated genes (DcSAG12 and DcSAG29) to activate their expression. Furthermore, we show that DcWRKY75 is a direct target gene of DcEIL3‐1, which is a homolog of the ethylene signaling core transcription factor EIN3 in Arabidopsis. DcEIL3‐1 can physically interact with DcWRKY75 and silencing of DcEIL3‐1 also delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation and inhibits the ethylene induced expression of DcWRKY75 and its target genes. The present study demonstrates that the transcriptional regulation network is vitally important for ethylene induced petal senescence process in carnation and potentially in other ethylene sensitive cut flowers.
Institutional similarity, firm heterogeneity and export sophistication
Authors: Demir Firat , Hu Chenghao
Published: September 2021

What explains changes in export sophistication across firms and destinations? This paper studies the effects of institutional similarity and firm heterogeneity on export sophistication using revealed product mix and firm‐level data from China and establishes eight stylised facts. First, firms export more sophisticated products to destinations with more similar institutions. Second, the positive effect of institutional similarity is weaker for higher productivity firms. Third, whilst exports of private, foreign, and joint‐venture firms are more sophisticated, they are less sensitive to institutional similarity than public firms. Fourth, export‐oriented firms export more sophisticated products and are more sensitive to institutional similarity. Fifth, whilst remoteness to export markets does not affect export sophistication, firms that export to further destinations are less sensitive to institutional similarity. Sixth, although multiproduct firms and firms with lower export skewness export more sophisticated products, they are more sensitive to institutional similarity. Seventh, the effect of institutional similarity is asymmetric and is less important when exporting to countries with better institutions. Eight, firms that are more dependent on contract enforcement export more sophisticated products, and more so to markets with similar institutions.
Development aid and illicit capital flight: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Steinkamp Sven , Westermann Frank
Published: September 2021

While illicit capital flight is a major concern of policymakers in developing countries, there is only little research on the possible link between capital flight and development aid. In this paper, we address the issue for Nepal, a stereotypical financially closed developing economy that is highly dependent on resources from abroad. Distinguishing features of our approach are the use of a narrowly defined proxy of capital flight, based on trade cost‐adjusted mirror trade statistics, and the focus on the foreign‐exchange cash component of development aid. We document a robust partial correlation between aid and outward capital flight that is economically and statistically significant. Interestingly, this positive correlation is not observable for remittances, an alternative form of foreign‐exchange inflows where the capital flight motivation is absent. Furthermore, it is visible in the FX cash component but not in broader aid definitions that include in‐kind transfers, or in multilateral and IMF loans. Finally, when comparing the subcomponents of export underinvoicing and import overinvoicing, only the latter is driving our results.
Postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: A review
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Escribano Carrera Antía , Anderson Davina M. , Billet Jean‐Philippe , Brissot Herve , Broome Cameron , de Rooster Hilde , Kirby Barbara M. , Pratschke Kathryn M. , Tivers Michael S. , White Robert N. , Yool Donald A. , Youmans K. Ruth
Published: September 2021

The development of postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs. Postattenuation neurologic signs include seizures but also more subtle neurologic signs such as depression, behavioral changes, tremors, and twitching. They most commonly occur within 7 days postoperatively and are typically unrelated to hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, or electrolyte disturbances. This narrative review summarizes the findings of 50 publications from 1988‐2020 that report occurrence ofPANS. While most published reports included only dogs affected by postattenuation seizures (PAS), others included dogs with any form ofPANS. Overall,PANS(includingPAS) affected 1.6%‐27.3% of dogs, whereas incidence ofPASranged from 0%‐18.2%. The etiology ofPANSremains unknown; however, several theories have been proposed. Risk factors include preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, increasing age, and possibly certain breeds and extrahepatic shunt morphology. There is increasing evidence that prophylactic antiepileptic drugs do not preventPANS. Treatment is centered around controlling neurologic signs with antiepileptic drugs and providing supportive intensive care. The 30‐day survival rate in studies that included a minimum of four dogs affected byPANSwas 0%‐100% (median, 50.0%) and 0%‐75.0% (median, 37.5%) for those withPAS. Mortality associated withPANSwas typically related to occurrence of generalized seizure activity. Prognostic factors positively associated with short‐term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures and development of focal seizures only. If affected dogs survived to discharge, survival for several years was possible, and the majority of neurologic signs manifested as part of the phenomenon ofPANSappeared to resolve.
Beatriz Sarlo, las lenguas del presente
Authors: Contreras Sandra
Published: September 2021

A partir de la premisa de que Beatriz Sarlo hace del vínculo con el presente el centro de una radical experiencia crítica, en este artículo mapeamos e interpretamos la serie de textos y de intervenciones en los que se redistribuye la intensidad de esa afección, en torno del año 2007, como punto de inflexión. La hipótesis es que es en esa redistribución de escritos y de prácticas de escritura (sintetizada en la edición del volumen Escritos de literatura argentina y en las columnas periodísticas del diario Perfil, luego reunidas en Ficciones argentinas), y no necesariamente en la que puede considerarse como su primera formulación programática de 1987 (la literatura escrita en el presente como crítica del presente), que es preciso leer en la obra de Beatriz Sarlo una teoría (crítica) del presente. Se trata de un cruce de experiencias con el tiempo (experiencias de choque, de fines, de recomienzos) que muestra, además y sobre todo, que lo que se ha modificado para Sarlo al cabo de esos veinte años (1987-2007), junto con el lugar y el valor del presente en la literatura (materia de una elaboración formaly de contenido que hay que representar), es el lugar y la función misma de la crítica en relación con el presente de esa literatura.
Mario Bellatin y la aparición de la imagen
Authors: Cherri Leo
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo propone estudiar las acciones plásticas del escritor Mario Bellatin, en lo que respecta al uso de fotografías e imágenes en sus libros, por ejemplo, en Shiki Nagaoka: una nariz de ficción (2001), Jacobo el mutante (2002), Perros héroes (2003), Los fantasmas del masajista (2009) y Biografía ilustrada de Mishima (2009). Sin embargo, la indagación de este fenómeno se detendrá en un momento de su producción relativamente corto (2000-2003), en el cual no solo se constata la aparición de la imagen fotográfica, sino, con esta última, un conjunto de interrogaciones que —sostenemos— implican un punto de inflexión en el sistema creativo de Bellatin.
Change in Power in the Media and Innovative Ways to Do Politics in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez Plascencia David
Published: September 2021

The advent of internet and other similar technologies has changed the traditional social and political relationships. Since 2015, in Mexico, some election wins have showed that it is possible to win without any support from the mainstream media or, indeed, without being backed by a big political party. Most of the political campaign is then developed through the social networks and digital activism. This article is mainly aimed at understanding the impact of the social networks on the design of campaign strategies, i.e., how to conciliate the interests from different actors and elites in a new hyperconnectivity context.
On the Dynamics of a Biomimetic Model of a Sympodial Tree: From Bifurcations Diagrams and 6D Basins of Attraction to Dynamical Integrity and Robustness
Authors: Andonovski Nemanja , Kovacic Ivana , Lenci Stefano
Published: September 2021

This work is concerned with a mechanical model of a sympodial tree with first-level branches, which has been shown to exhibit certain properties potentially suitable for biomimetic applications. To investigate these potential benefits further from the viewpoint of the system nonlinear behavior under external periodic excitation, modern numerical tools related to the concept of dynamical integrity are either adjusted or newly developed for this system for the first time. First, multistable regions of interest are isolated from bifurcation diagrams and the effect of damping is investigated. Then, in order to obtain the corresponding basins of attraction of this highly dimensional model, an original computational procedure is developed that includes cell mapping with 406 cells, where each cell represents an initial condition required to construct the map. Full 6D basins are computed, and they are reported for various values of the damping parameter and the excitation frequency. Those basins are then used to calculate the dynamic integrity factors so that the dominant steady-state can be determined. Finally, the integrity profiles are reported to illustrate how the robustness varies by changing the system parameters.
BIKED: A Dataset for Computational Bicycle Design with Machine Learning Benchmarks
Authors: Regenwetter Lyle , Curry Brent , Ahmed Faez
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present “BIKED,” a dataset comprised of 4500 individually designed bicycle models sourced from hundreds of designers. We expect BIKED to enable a variety of data-driven design applications for bicycles and support the development of data-driven design methods. The dataset is comprised of a variety of design information including assembly images, component images, numerical design parameters, and class labels. In this paper, we first discuss the processing of the dataset, then highlight some prominent research questions that BIKED can help address. Of these questions, we further explore the following in detail: 1) How can we explore, understand, and visualize the current design space of bicycles and utilize this information? We apply unsupervised embedding methods to study the design space and identify key takeaways from this analysis. 2) When designing bikes using algorithms, under what conditions can machines understand the design of a given bike? We train a multitude of classifiers to understand designs, then examine the behavior of these classifiers through confusion matrices and permutation-based interpretability analysis. 3) Can machines learn to synthesize new bicycle designs by studying existing ones? We test Variational Autoencoders on random generation, interpolation, and extrapolation tasks after training on BIKED data. The dataset and code are available at http://decode.mit.edu/projects/biked/
Near Source Modeling of Pollutant Emissions From an Elevated Source Over an Urban Area Under Cross High Ventilation
Authors: Mahjoub Hammouda , Romdhane Sahar Ben , Said Nejla Mahjoub , El-Saeedy Halemah Ibrahim , Znaidia Sami , El-Rahman Magda Abd
Published: September 2021

Due to the rapid urbanization of many cities around the world, industrial manufacturing plants have grown rapidly, thus leading to the release of large amounts of pollutants into the environment. This is the main reason for the degradation of the local air quality, resulting in an increased risk of unfavorable sanitary conditions for city dwellers. Understanding the dispersion of pollutants in local population environments, meteorological conditions and other physical characteristics is fundamental for predicting and evaluating air quality. This paper provides comprehensive details on the study of flow patterns and pollutant dispersion processes in urban areas. Several factors which include building geometry, local atmospheric effects, structural obstructions, and velocity of exhaust pollutants are examined considering field data, wind tunnel tests, operational simulation techniques, and computational fluid dynamics. Good agreements are noticeable. Simultaneous evolutions of the velocity, thermal and scalar mass fraction fields of the pollutant emitting from a three-dimensional elevated source around a rectangular obstacle placed on a turbulent boundary layer wall, and also downstream the obstacle, have been successfully carried out. The most serious pollutant levels in urban areas under various high wind velocities are identified.
Loop Heat Pipe Design: An Evaluation of Recent Research on the Selection of Evaporator, Wick, and Working Fluid
Authors: Ahmed Shahnawaz , Pandey Manmohan , Kawaji Masahiro
Published: September 2021

Since its invention nearly five decades ago, the loop heat pipe has revolutionized every application requiring cooling or maintaining a constant temperature environment. In this article, its various designs aspects are explored, which include design of the evaporator, wick, and selection of working fluid. Factors such as design guidelines and how they affect the physics of the overall system are surveyed. For the evaporator part, its various designs and their respective applications/operating ranges are reviewed. In the wick section, recent trends on its fabrication and performance enhancement are shown. A special section on how the wick functions is added, with a focus on the study of liquid–vapor meniscus using the thin-film evaporation theory. Attention is also given to the investigations on the various figures of merit used for the selection of the working fluid. For the first time, these figures of merit are categorized with respect to the device physics they represent/simulate. In the end, this review article also touches upon the various creative designs and ideas used to enhance the loop heat pipe performance.
Forward Osmosis Absorption Heat Pumps for Space Conditioning and Graywater Purification: Cycle Development and Working Fluids Selection
Authors: Boman Daniel B. , Hughes Matthew T. , Hughes Kalon M. , Garimella Srinivas
Published: September 2021

A thermodynamic model is developed for a forward osmosis (FO) absorption heat pump capable of purifying graywater and providing year-round space conditioning with low-temperature heat as the primary energy input. The model is applied to 16 potential absorbents, and six are selected for parametric studies on desorber temperature, absorber temperature, condenser temperature, and heat sink temperature to determine the effects on the energy ratio (defined as the ratio of total useful output to total power input) of the cycle and the required graywater flowrate. Experiments are conducted to test the water flux and reverse solute flux in FO for the most promising absorbents. Of the six selected absorbents, four to two salt-organic mixtures and two pure salts appear to have the most promising thermodynamic behavior, while an ionic liquid demonstrates the best FO behavior.
Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Corrugated Perforated Plate Fin Heat Sinks
Authors: Upalkar Shripad A. , Gakhar Saksham , Krishnan Shankar
Published: September 2021

This paper reports a mathematical model for predicting the fluid and heat flow characteristics of a Z-shaped corrugated perforated plate heat sink. Experiments were carried out to validate overall pressure drop as well as heat transfer predictions. A two-pronged approach was undertaken to design a corrugated perforated fin geometry: (a) macroscopic packaging, where the flow is distributed into conduits before being fed into perforated plates, and (b) microscopic design, where the pores are sized to maximize heat dissipation. A methodology typically used for predicting flow maldistribution is extended for packaging porous perforated plates in the macroscopic approach. An illustrative study is carried that estimates the optimum number of porous perforated plate fins that can be packaged within a given volume under fixed pressure drop constraint. In the microscopic approach, an order of magnitude analysis was carried out to decide the optimum diameter to maximize the heat transfer rate and expression for optimum diameter, and maximum achievable heat flux is proposed. Numerical simulations were carried out by considering full perforated plate porous fin geometry and single-channel geometry, and good agreement in their results was found. Finally, this study elaborates on the importance of achieving uniform flow distribution across the porous perforated plate fins.
Theoretical Investigation on the Heating Performance of a Recuperative Heat Pump Water Heater Using CO2/HCs With Large Temperature Glides in Cold Regions
Authors: Luo Jielin , Wang Qin , Zhao Zhen , Yang Kaiyin , Chen Guangming , Zhang Shaozhi
Published: September 2021

Considering the issues of environmental pollution and energy efficiency, heat pumps are gradually replacing traditional coal combustion for heating at low ambient temperatures. In this paper, eco-friendly CO2/HCs with large temperature glides are applied in a single-stage recuperative heat pump water heater. Its heating performance is theoretically investigated under the working condition of producing circulating hot water in typical winter of northern China, with medium temperature difference between supply/return water and large temperature difference between air inlet and water inlet. Due to its simple structure, low initial investment and high efficiency, its potential for producing circulating hot water is demonstrated. Exergy analyses are conducted to reveal the significant influence of the exergy losses of heat exchanger on system performance. For specified CO2/HC, optimal COP is obtained through global optimization of cycle pressures and mixture concentration. The heating performances of different CO2/HCs are compared, among which CO2/R600 and CO2/R600a behave better. Meanwhile, a typical vapor-injection cycle is used to demonstrate priorities on the heating performance of this recuperative cycle, in which the COP of recuperative cycle using CO2/R600 is more than 3.4% higher than that of the vapor-injection cycle. The results obtained in this paper provide a simple and efficient solution for producing circulating hot water at low ambient temperatures.
Effect of Manufacturing Tolerance in Flow Past a Compressor Blade
Authors: Suriyanarayanan Venkatesh , Rendu Quentin , Vahdati Mehdi , Salles Loic
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the effect of manufacturing tolerance on performance and stability boundaries of a transonic fan using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation. The effects of tip gap and stagger angle variations were analyzed through a series of single passage and double passage simulation; based on which an optimal arrangement was proposed for random tip gap and random stagger angle variation for a whole annulus rotor. All simulations were carried out using NASA rotor 67 as a test case and AU3D as an in-house computational fluid dynamics solver. Results illustrate that the stagger angle variation mainly affects efficiency and its circumferential variation must be as smooth as possible. Furthermore, the tip gap variation affects the stability boundary as well as performance and its optimal configuration mandates a zigzag arrangement of blades around the annulus, i.e., larger tip gap between two smaller ones.
HVDC Interference on MGL Pipelines
Authors: Sawant Vipul , Garate Shraddha
Published: September 2021

Mahanagar Gas is a City Gas Distribution Company engaged in the distribution of Natural Gas in and around Mumbai City. MGL has around 415 km of commissioned steel pipeline network which is being protected by ICCP. These pipelines are coated with three layer polyethylene coatings. Rectifying the external interferences on pipeline network is a major challenge for pipeline operating personnel in order to maintain safety and integrity of their pipeline. This technical paper is based on study of one of such external interference which posed a threat to MGL’s steel pipeline network.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is a system for transmission of electricity over long distances. This system uses Direct Current (DC) for bulk transmission of electricity in contrast with the more common Alternating Current (AC) systems. HVDC is considered to be more effective to increase power grid delivery capabilities.

A part of MGL’s pipeline network is currently facing interference due to a HVDC power substation on the outskirts of Mumbai. This substation is being operated by State Government and is affecting around 145 kms of MGL’s steel pipeline network during its monopolar operation for transmission of electricity. This interference is creating multiple anodic and cathodic areas on pipeline network with the help of a high magnitude current entering and exiting from pipeline at multiple locations which are difficult to predict and rectify.

This technical paper will elaborate the concept of HVDC interference on steel pipelines. It will give a brief overview on the methodology adopted for identifying, monitoring and analyzing this interference phenomenon and will comment on the results of this analysis. It will throw light on a variety of technical challenges faced in dealing with this interference while operating a city gas distribution network in particular. And finally, it will discuss about possible remedial measures available and their effectiveness to curb this interference.
Underwater soundscape description from cyclostationarity point of view
Authors: Ollivier Benjamin , Shute Pierre , Kinda G. Bazile
Published: September 2021

The description of underwater soundscape is central to the understanding of the marine environment, both from the standpoint of the fauna and anthropic activities and its interactions with the atmosphere. Some of these sources produce signals whose patterns are periodically repeated over time (i.e., ship propellers in motion, odontocetes clicks, snapping shrimp, noise emanating from surface waves, etc.). As ocean noise is a combination of various sources sometimes sharing the same frequency band, it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms to process the increasingly voluminous data acquired. To this end, the theory of cyclostationarity is adopted as an effective tool for exposing hidden periodicities in low signal to noise ratio. This theory, widely used to analyze mechanical systems or communications, is extended and applied on underwater soundscapes. The method is demonstrated using data recorded in the Celtic Sea at the French coast of Brittany with practical experiments using field measurements obtained from recording stations.
A Preliminary Examination of Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes by Collegiate Athletes Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Brancaleone Matthew P. , Shingles René R.
Published: September 2021

Athletes who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HoH) participate at all levels of athletic competition, but no evidence exists regarding their knowledge of and attitudes toward concussion. The purpose of our study was to explore the knowledge of and attitudes toward concussion in athletes who are D/HoH using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey consists of two subscales, the Concussion Knowledge Index (range 0–25) and the Concussion Attitudes Index (15–75). Athletes who are D/HoH had a Concussion Knowledge Index score of 16.25 ± 3.83 and Concussion Attitudes Index score of 58.04 ± 6.44. There were differences between races for Concussion Knowledge Index scores (p < .01). Findings may allow health care professionals to better target educational interventions for athletes who are D/HoH.
Desmosomal proteins of DSC2 and PKP1 promote cancer cells survival and metastasis by increasing cluster formation in circulatory system
Authors: Li Koukou , Wu Renfei , Zhou Muya , Tong Haibo , Luo Kathy Q.
Published: September 2021

Circulating tumor cells with high levels of adhesion proteins survive more easily in circulation and form metastatic tumors.
Fossil records of early solar irradiation and cosmolocation of the CAI factory: A reappraisal
Authors: Bekaert David V. , Auro Maureen , Shollenberger Quinn R. , Liu Ming-Chang , Marschall Horst , Burton Kevin W. , Jacobsen Benjamin , Brennecka Gregory A. , MacPherson Glenn J. , von Mutius Richard , Sarafian Adam , Nielsen Sune G.
Published: September 2021

CAIs, the oldest solids in the Solar System, probably formed further away from the Sun than previously thought.
G-CSF secreted by mutant IDH1 glioma stem cells abolishes myeloid cell immunosuppression and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy
Authors: Alghamri Mahmoud S. , McClellan Brandon L. , Avvari Ruthvik P. , Thalla Rohit , Carney Stephen , Hartlage Carson S. , Haase Santiago , Ventosa Maria , Taher Ayman , Kamran Neha , Zhang Li , Faisal Syed Mohd , Núñez Felipe J. , Garcia-Fabiani María Belén , Al-Holou Wajd N. , Orringer Daniel , Hervey-Jumper Shawn , Heth Jason , Patil Parag G. , Eddy Karen , Merajver Sofia D. , Ulintz Peter J. , Welch Joshua , Gao Chao , Liu Jialin , Núñez Gabriel , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Lowenstein Pedro R. , Castro Maria G.
Published: September 2021

Mutant isocitrate-dehydrogenase 1 (
mIDH1
) synthesizes the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which elicits epigenetic reprogramming of the glioma cells’ transcriptome by inhibiting DNA and histone demethylases. We show that the efficacy of immune-stimulatory gene therapy (TK/Flt3L) is enhanced in
mIDH1
gliomas, due to the reprogramming of the myeloid cells’ compartment infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME). We uncovered that the immature myeloid cells infiltrating the
mIDH1
TME are mainly nonsuppressive neutrophils and preneutrophils. Myeloid cell reprogramming was triggered by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secreted by
mIDH1
glioma stem/progenitor-like cells. Blocking G-CSF in
mIDH1
glioma–bearing mice restores the inhibitory potential of the tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, accelerating tumor progression. We demonstrate that G-CSF reprograms bone marrow granulopoiesis, resulting in noninhibitory myeloid cells within
mIDH1
glioma TME and enhancing the efficacy of immune-stimulatory gene therapy.
Solution-shearing of dielectric polymer with high thermal conductivity and electric insulation
Authors: Li Zheng , An Lu , Khuje Saurabh , Tan Jingye , Hu Yong , Huang Yulong , Petit Donald , Faghihi Danial , Yu Jian , Ren Shenqiang
Published: September 2021

We obtain a promising thermal conductive electric insulation material by gel shearing of polyethylene.
Geographically targeted COVID-19 vaccination is more equitable and averts more deaths than age-based thresholds alone
Authors: Wrigley-Field Elizabeth , Kiang Mathew V. , Riley Alicia R. , Barbieri Magali , Chen Yea-Hung , Duchowny Kate A. , Matthay Ellicott C. , Van Riper David , Jegathesan Kirrthana , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Leider Jonathon P.
Published: September 2021

Age-based COVID-19 vaccination prioritizes white people above higher-risk others; geographic prioritization improves equity.
Heterogeneity in cognitive disability after a major disaster: A natural experiment study
Authors: Shiba Koichiro , Daoud Adel , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Yazawa Aki , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: September 2021

Older adults with low socioeconomic status and health problems may experience greater postdisaster cognitive disability.
Novel synthetic pathway for the production of phosgene
Authors: Voßnacker Patrick , Wüst Alisa , Keilhack Thomas , Müller Carsten , Steinhauer Simon , Beckers Helmut , Yogendra Sivathmeehan , Schiesser Yuliya , Weber Rainer , Reimann Marc , Müller Robert , Kaupp Martin , Riedel Sebastian
Published: September 2021

A new approach for the production of the industrially important intermediate phosgene based on chloride catalysis was developed.
Effective and natural human-robot interaction requires multidisciplinary research
Authors: Kragic Danica , Sandamirskaya Yulia
Published: September 2021

This special issue highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the research we conduct toward the development of HRI.
APOE3
-Jacksonville (V236E) variant reduces self-aggregation and risk of dementia
Authors: Liu Chia-Chen , Murray Melissa E. , Li Xia , Zhao Na , Wang Na , Heckman Michael G. , Shue Francis , Martens Yuka , Li Yonghe , Raulin Ana-Caroline , Rosenberg Cassandra L. , Doss Sydney V. , Zhao Jing , Wren Melissa C. , Jia Lin , Ren Yingxue , Ikezu Tadafumi C. , Lu Wenyan , Fu Yuan , Caulfield Thomas , Trottier Zachary A. , Knight Joshua , Chen Yixing , Linares Cynthia , Wang Xue , Kurti Aishe , Asmann Yan W. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Smith Glenn E. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David S. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Parisi Joseph E. , Ferman Tanis J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Graff-Radford Neill R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Younkin Steven G. , Fryer John D. , Wang Hu , Han Xianlin , Frieden Carl , Dickson Dennis W. , Ross Owen A. , Bu Guojun
Published: September 2021

A rare
APOE
variant
APOE3
-Jac reduces self-aggregation and promotes healthy brain aging.
Axonal marker neurofilament light predicts long-term outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Graham Neil S. N. , Zimmerman Karl A. , Moro Federico , Heslegrave Amanda , Maillard Samia Abed , Bernini Adriano , Miroz John-Paul , Donat Cornelius K. , Lopez Maria Yanez , Bourke Niall , Jolly Amy E. , Mallas Emma-Jane , Soreq Eyal , Wilson Mark H. , Fatania Gavin , Roi Dylan , Patel Maneesh C. , Garbero Elena , Nattino Giovanni , Baciu Camelia , Fainardi Enrico , Chieregato Arturo , Gradisek Primoz , Magnoni Sandra , Oddo Mauro , Zetterberg Henrik , Bertolini Guido , Sharp David J.
Published: September 2021

Axonal injury after TBI can be reliably quantified using plasma NfL, which predicts long-term functional outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration.
A selective WDR5 degrader inhibits acute myeloid leukemia in patient-derived mouse models
Authors: Yu Xufen , Li Dongxu , Kottur Jithesh , Shen Yudao , Kim Huen Suk , Park Kwang-Su , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Gong Weida , Wang Jun , Suzuki Kyogo , Parker Joel , Herring Laura , Kaniskan H. Ümit , Cai Ling , Jain Rinku , Liu Jing , Aggarwal Aneel K , Wang Gang Greg , Jin Jian
Published: September 2021

WDR5-degrader-E3 ligase ternary complex structure–based design led to a highly effective WDR5 degrader with robust in vivo antitumor activities.
Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation
Authors: Floyd James G. , Stamps Blake W. , Goodson Wendy J. , Stevenson Bradley S.
Published: September 2021

Biodiesel is widely used across the United States and worldwide, blended with ultralow sulfur diesel in various concentrations. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that the filamentous fungi
Byssochlamys
AF004 and the yeast
Wickerhamomyces
SE3 were able to degrade fatty acid methyl esters and alkanes in biodiesel, causing increases in acidity.
CandidatusKaistella beijingensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Is Involved in Sludge Foaming
Authors: Song Yang , Jiang Cheng-Ying , Liang Zong-Lin , Zhu Hai-Zhen , Jiang Yong , Yin Ye , Qin Ya-Ling , Huang Hao-Jie , Wang Bao-Jun , Wei Zi-Yan , Cheng Rui-Xue , Liu Zhi-Pei , Liu Yao , Jin Tao , Wang Ai-Jie , Liu Shuang-Jiang
Published: September 2021

Biological foaming or scumming is a sludge separation problem that has become the subject of major concern for long-term stable activated sludge operation in decades. Biological foaming was considered induced by foaming bacteria.
Ecological Dichotomies Arise in Microbial Communities Due to Mixing of Deep Hydrothermal Waters and Atmospheric Gas in a Circumneutral Hot Spring
Authors: Fernandes-Martins Maria C. , Keller Lisa M. , Munro-Ehrlich Mason , Zimlich Kathryn R. , Mettler Madelyn K. , England Alexis M. , Clare Rita , Surya Kevin , Shock Everett L. , Colman Daniel R. , Boyd Eric S.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the source and availability of energy capable of supporting life in hydrothermal environments is central to predicting the ecology of microbial life on early Earth when volcanic activity was more widespread. Little is known of the substrates supporting microbial life in circumneutral to alkaline springs, despite their relevance to early Earth habitats.
Critical Domains in the Specific Binding of Radiolabeled Vip3Af Insecticidal Protein to Brush Border Membrane Vesicles from
Spodoptera
spp. and Cultured Insect Cells
Authors: Quan Yudong , Lázaro-Berenguer Maria , Hernández-Martínez Patricia , Ferré Juan
Published: September 2021

This study shows that Vip3Af binding sites are fully shared with Vip3Aa, only partially shared with Vip3Ca, and not shared with Cry1Ac and Cry1F in two
Spodoptera
spp. Truncated versions of Vip3Af revealed that only domains I to III were necessary for the specific binding, most likely because they can form the functional tetrameric oligomer and because domain III is supposed to contain the binding epitopes.
Dose-Dependent Response to Infection with Ebola Virus in the Ferret Model and Evidence of Viral Evolution in the Eye
Authors: Watson Robert J. , Tree Julia , Fotheringham Susan A. , Hall Yper , Dong Xiaofeng , Steeds Kimberley , Gouriet Jade , Salguero Francisco J. , Burton Christopher , Pitman James , Easterbrook Linda , Richards Kevin S. , Burton Jane , Bewley Kevin , Bruce Christine , Hiscox Julian A. , Carroll Miles W. , Funnell Simon G. P.
Published: September 2021

Recent reemergence of Ebola in Guinea that caused over 28,000 cases between 2013 and 2016 has been linked to the original virus from that region. It appears the virus has remained in the region for at least 5 years and is likely to have been maintained in humans.
Genetic Networks That Govern Sexual Reproduction in the Pezizomycotina
Authors: Wilson Andi M. , Wilken P. Markus , Wingfield Michael J. , Wingfield Brenda D.
Published: September 2021

Sexual development in filamentous fungi is a complex process that relies on the precise control of and interaction between a variety of genetic networks and pathways. The mating-type (MAT) genes are the master regulators of this process and typically act as transcription factors, which control the expression of genes involved all stages of the sexual cycle.