bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological modifications of C60 crystal rods under hydrothermal conditions*
Authors: Du Ming-Run , Liu Shi-Xin , Dong Jia-Jun , Li Ze-Peng , Wang Ming-Chao , Wei Tong , Zhou Qing-Jun , Yang Xiong , Shen Peng-fei
Published: October 2020

We observed morphological modification of rod-shaped C60 solvate crystals using a facile hydrothermal method. The initial C60 rods were changed from smooth rods to rough rods, porous rods or pieces under different hydrothermal conditions. During the hydrothermal treatment, the initial samples underwent a decomposition-recrystallization process, which can be tuned by the content of alcohol in the hydrothermal solution, thereby leading to modification of the morphological properties of the initial C60 rods. In addition, the rough and porous C60 rods prepared in our work exhibit excellent photoluminescence intensities that are approximately 7 and 3 times higher than those of pure C60 powders, respectively. Our results suggest that the hydrothermal method is a potential route for fabricating fullerene materials with controllable morphologies and novel functions.
First-principles study of the co-effect of carbon doping and oxygen vacancies in ZnO photocatalyst*
Authors: Shi Jia , Wang Lei , Gu Qiang
Published: October 2020

Although tuning band structure of optoelectronic semiconductor-based materials by means of doping single defect is an important approach for potential photocatalysis application, C-doping or oxygen vacancy (Vo) as a single defect in ZnO still has limitations for photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the influence of co-existence of various defects in ZnO still lacks sufficient studies. Therefore, we investigate the photocatalytic properties of ZnO
x
C0.0625 (x = 0.9375, 0.875, 0.8125), confirming that the co-effect of various defects has a greater enhancement for photocatalytic activity driven by visible-light than the single defect in ZnO. To clarify the underlying mechanism of co-existence of various defects in ZnO, we perform systematically the electronic properties calculations using density functional theory. It is found that the co-effect of C-doping and Vo in ZnO can achieve a more controllable band gap than doping solely in ZnO. Moreover, the impact of the effective masses of ZnO
x
C0.0625 (x = 0.9375, 0.875, 0.8125) is also taken into account. In comparison with heavy Vo concentrations, the light Vo concentration (x = 0.875) as the optimal component together with C-doping in ZnO, can significantly improve the visible-light absorption and benefit photocatalytic activity.
Lateral depletion-mode 4H-SiC n-channel junction field-effect transistors operational at 400 °C*
Authors: Liu Si-Cheng , Tang Xiao-Yan , Song Qing-Wen , Yuan Hao , Zhang Yi-Meng , Zhang Yi-Men , Zhang Yu-Ming
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the development of lateral depletion-mode n-channel 4H-SiC junction field-effect transistors (LJFETs) using double-mesa process toward high-temperature integrated circuit (IC) applications. At room temperature, the fabricated LJFETs show a drain-to-source saturation current of 23.03 μA/μm, which corresponds to a current density of 7678 A/cm2. The gate-to-source parasitic resistance of 17.56 kΩ ⋅ μm is reduced to contribute only 13.49% of the on-resistance of 130.15 kΩ ⋅ μm, which helps to improve the transconductance up to 8.61 μS/μm. High temperature characteristics of LJFETs were performed from room temperature to 400 °C. At temperatures up to 400 °C in air, it is observed that the fabricated LJFETs still show normally-on operating characteristics. The drain-to-source saturation current, transconductance and intrinsic gain at 400 °C are 7.47 μA/μm, 2.35 μS/μm and 41.35, respectively. These results show significant improvement over state-of-the-art and make them attractive for high-temperature IC applications.
Different noncollinear magnetizations on two edges of zigzag graphene nanoribbons*
Authors: Xiao Yang , Ye Qiaoli , Liang Jintao , Yan Xiaohong , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2020

Based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we studied noncollinear magnetism and spin transport in a 180° domain wall made of zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) with different noncollinear magnetic profiles on the top and bottom edges. Our results show that a helical domain wall on the top (bottom) edge and an abrupt domain wall on the bottom (top) edge can survive in the ZGNR. This indicates that such characteristic magnetization distribution can be obtained by some means, e.g., the introduction of impurity on one edge. Compared to a wide ZGNR, a narrow ZGNR presents obvious coupling between the two edges which changes the magnetization and transmission greatly. As for the above-mentioned distinct magnetic profile, the spin transport is blocked in the abrupt domain wall due to strong spin flip scattering while remains unaffected in the helical domain wall due to the spin mixing effect. We deduce a formula of the transmission for various magnetic profiles of the ZGNRs. A new result based on this formula is that the transmission at the Fermi level can be zero, one, and two by tuning the edge magnetization. Our results provide insights into the noncollinear spin transport of the ZGNR-based devices.
Improved frequency ratio measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb optical lattice clocks at NMIJ
Authors: Hisai Yusuke , Akamatsu Daisuke , Kobayashi Takumi , Hosaka Kazumoto , Inaba Hajime , Hong Feng-Lei , Yasuda Masami
Published: October 2020

We report improved frequency ratio measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb optical lattice clocks at the National Metrology Institute of Japan. The 87Sr optical lattice clock is enhanced with several major modifications and is re-evaluated with a reduced uncertainty of 1.1 × 10−16. We employed a 171Yb optical lattice clock with an uncertainty of 4 × 10−16 that was developed for contributing to International Atomic Time. The measurement result is ν
Yb/ν
Sr = 1.207 507 039 343 338 58(49)sys(6)stat with a fractional uncertainty of 4.1 × 10−16, which is 3.4 times smaller than our previous measurement result.
Research on Cultivation of College English Translation Abilities Assisted by the Internet
Authors: Tang Jie
Published: October 2020

The comprehensive arrival of the era of information-based teaching has provided a new impetus and a direction for college English teaching as well as a new type of teaching path for teachers. With the help of network technology, the rational use of network platforms, network environment, and network resources can not only enrich the teaching methods and content of college English translation, but also help students better study translation, integrate into the language learning atmosphere, and improve their English translation ability. At the same time, the thesis conducts research on the cultivation of college English translation ability with the help of the network, aiming to provide reference ideas about college English teaching.
Analysis of Computer Aided Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Strategy
Authors: Xue Shengyan
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the social and economic development is getting faster and faster, which also promotes the further improvement of modern information technology. Various economic fields have begun to use modern information technology to improve their work quality and work efficiency. In landscape planning, computer is an important auxiliary means. In traditional landscape planning, designers often carry out various design work on drawings, but in actual construction, there will be deviations from design drawings, resulting in rework. If modern information technology is used, a virtual and three-dimensional landscape engineering structure can be constructed by using three-dimensional technology to test the scientificity of design drawings, which can greatly reduce accidents during construction, grasp construction details, improve construction quality and efficiency, and reduce cost investment.
Application of locally linear embedding algorithm on hotel data text classification
Authors: Huang Jinming
Published: October 2020

As a non-linear dimension reduction method, manifold learning algorithm projects high-dimensional input to a low-dimensional space by maintaining the local structure of the data, and discovers the inherent geometric structure hidden in the data. In this paper, we attempt to apply the manifold learning algorithm to the field of Chinese text classification, and use the locally linear embedding algorithm to reduce the dimension of the ctrip hotel review data set. Then, we utilize extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and logistic regression to classify the text. Experimental results show that it is effective and feasible to use manifold learning algorithm for text classification. Moreover, the classification effect of logistic regression is better than XGBoost in the text classification of hotel reviews.
UCODE-Based Coding of Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities
Authors: Zhang Chuanwu
Published: October 2020

The UCode is one of the most important code methods in IoT. The Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (ICNEA) is a classification standard of economic activities drafted by State Statistical Bureau. Based on the analysis of the coding of UCode and Identification code, from the principal of uniqueness of coding and principal of locality of word field’s information processing, we present a map method to code the alphabet and decimal digital of the ICNEA by binary UCode, and if finally result scheme of ICNEA code in the format of UCode. This scheme extends the application scope of the UCode.
The calculation of double integrals
Authors: Jiang Yinshan
Published: October 2020

The calculation method of double integral is as follows; (1) Define the method; (2) The double integral is calculated using rectangular coordinates; (3) Double integrals are calculated using polar coordinates; (4) The double integral is calculated by using the symmetry of the integral region and the parity of the integrand function.; (5) The double integral is calculated by block integral method; (6) The double integral is calculated using the translation of the coordinate axes; (7) Double integral is calculated by centroid formula.
An efficient method to identify thermal conductivity of orthotropic material based on BP neural network algorithm
Authors: Li Xiang , Ma Rui-Feng , Tang Zhi-Yin
Published: October 2020

BP neural network algorithm is used to identify the three-dimensional orthotropic thermal conductivity. The finite volume method is used to solve the forward heat transfer problem, and the training samples for neural network inversion identification are obtained. According to the identification results, the temperature field is reconstructed. Through the analysis of the calculation results, it is found that the accurate identification of three-dimensional orthotropic thermal conductivity can be realized by using BP neural network algorithm. When the temperature measurement error is less than 0.5 °C, the maximum identification error of thermal conductivity is only 3.5%.
Research on 5G Mobile Communication Network Security Technology
Authors: Zhan Weishu , Tao Zhen
Published: October 2020

With the infiltration of computer networks in various fields, more and more social and economic activities rely on mobile communication networks. Network attack methods are becoming more and more advanced, resulting in frequent network security accidents, and modern mobile communication network security defense is facing greater threats and challenges. The 5G mobile communication network is an important infrastructure for building a networked society and realizing the interconnection of all things. In the future, the development of various industries will be based on the rapid development of mobile communication technology in 5G. 5G utilizes the changes and innovations in system architecture and core technologies to achieve network layout. The security protection technology and security guarantee mechanism of 5G networks are very important. In the context of the gradual implementation of 5G mobile communication networks, this paper focuses on the security aspects of 5G mobile communication networks, from business slice security, pseudo base station attack behavior analysis, and user privacy protection to its security threats, security needs, and facing Analyzed the technical challenges of the network and researched relevant network security defense technical measures, providing references for the technical research and network implementation and deployment of 5G mobile communication networks.
Finite-time Passive Analysis and Passification for Nonlinear Neutral Stochastic Systems with Uncertainties and Time-varying Delays
Authors: Yu Shengchun , Jin Jiangshan , Chen Guici
Published: October 2020

The finite-time passive analysis and passification problems of neutral stochastic systems (NNSSs) with nonlinear uncertainties and time-varying delays are investigated in this paper. To guarantee the finite-time passification of NNSSs with nonlinear uncertainties and time-varying delays, a state feedback controller is designed respectively, which are delay independent and delay dependent, respectively. By constructing proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, several sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), in which the free-weighting matrix and sector conditions are involved. Finally, a numerical example with simulations is given to demonstrate the correctness of the derived results and the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
A risk assessment system of COVID-19 based on Bayesian inference
Authors: Wei Jie , Li Yiqiang , Nie Yufeng
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now spread to most countries in the world. Preventing and controlling the risk of the coronavirus disease has rapidly become a major concern. A risk assessment system of novel coronavirus disease is proposed based on Bayesian inference in this paper. The system includes multiple handheld terminals and a cloud processing centre. The handheld terminal measures, records, and uploads the individual’s physical information (e.g., body temperature, cough) and GPS information of the terminal. We establish a Bayesian diagnosis network to deduce the risk probability related to the individual’s detection information. The cloud obtains the individual’s detection information and positions in last 14 days, and estimates the epidemic risk probability using Bayesian inference. This probability can be helpful for relevant institutions to judge the individual’s risk levels and corresponding measures. This risk assessment system, which assesses the COVID-19 risk of subjects dynamically, can not only assist and guide the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in relevant institutions, but also assist in epidemiological case tracing.
The Black Hole Paradoxes and Possible Solutions
Authors: Dai Xuer
Published: October 2020

Quantum mechanics and general relativity have some irreconcilable contradictions, causing the black hole information and firewall paradoxes. This paper investigates the cause of these two paradoxes and provides some possible solutions. The information paradox wants to explore if the information falling into the black hole really gets lost. The article briefly introduces the principle of Maldacena’s Duality, the black hole complementarity principle and other models to solve it. The firewall paradox tries to find if things passing the black hole horizon would be destroyed by a firewall. The introduction of computational complexity and the model of ER=EPR may resolve this paradox. Moreover, if the firewall really exists, the rebound of the gravitational wave when hitting the firewall may help detect it. In general, the solutions of the black hole paradoxes may provide us with a possible way of unifying quantum mechanics and general relativity.
The Applications and Challenges of Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Liu Tao
Published: October 2020

Quantum teleportation plays a crucial role in information science for its property of completely secure transmission. It was first demonstrated as a means of transferring the quantum state. Later, it has been extended greatly in the field of quantum computing, quantum network, and quantum communication and other fields. The first part of this paper will talk briefly about the basic theory of quantum teleportation and the applications that have been achieved in recent years in both commercial and scientific purposes. Next, the results of current experiments and the challenges that should be overcome in the future will be presented. The final section will be a discussion about the development of quantum teleportation and its future implementations.
CAViaR and the Empirical Study on China’s Stock Market
Authors: Wu Dongyu
Published: October 2020

The patterns of China’s stock market during 2004 and 2020 are characterized by Value at Risks (VaR) of 3 important stock indexes: Shanghai Security Composite index (SSEC), Shanghai Stock Exchange B Share index (SHBSHR) and Shenzhen Security Component index (SZSC), applying conditional autoregressive value at risk (CAViaR) model. The estimation results fit the real situation well. The unique style of news impact curves illustrates the peculiarity of China’s stock market caused by imperfect market mechanism and the small traders’ psychology-overconfidence. By comparing the estimation results, we found that SAV was a proper model for calculating 1% VaR of both SSEC and SHBSHR, while it was better for SZSC to choose Indirect GARCH model for 1% VaR estimation.
Fluid Mechanics Analysis of the Sweep Motion of Tuna Median Fins
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Xu Jing
Published: October 2020

Study has shown that tuna can improve hydrodynamic performance and turning maneuverability by rapidly and accurately changing the shape of its median fins. In this paper, the shape change of tuna median fins is simplified as the sweep motion. The fluid mechanics analysis of the sweep motion is carried out from the aspects of rectilinear cruise and turning maneuver. The results show that the sweep motion of the median fins plays a different role in rectilinear cruise and turning maneuver. When in a rectilinear cruise, tuna should increase the sweep angle to reduce the drag force. For turning maneuver, a larger sweep angle of the median fins can provide more positive turning torque to assist tuna to steer efficiently in the early and middle stage of turning process, while a smaller sweep angle should be taken in the later turning period.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Status of Tangka Images at Home and Abroad
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhou Liang , Liu Zilong
Published: October 2020

Carrying out research on Thangka images is of great significance for accelerating the construction of China’s cultural industry, especially the protection of Thangka’s cultural heritage. This paper will analyse the current research situation of Thangka images at home and abroad to provide reference for relevant personnel. This paper uses Chinese academic journals, doctoral and master’s degree thesis, international conferences, and English journals as information sources to perform quantitative analysis on the research results of the Thangka images published in them. The search process does not set a time limit, and uses CNKI and Excel analysis tools to relevant topics of the 55 Chinese documents and 21 foreign literatures are subject to annual trend analysis, document source analysis, author analysis, and distribution agency research. By this paper, the development trends, important information sources, important authors, and important research institutions of Thangka image research are obtained.
Research and Development of NDIR Sensor and Its Application In On-Line Detection of CF4 Gas
Authors: Chen Yongtao , Zhang Shiling , Yao Qiang
Published: October 2020

Due to the excellent insulation and arc extinguishing properties of SF6 gas, it is widely used in the production and use of high voltage GIS. However, due to the breakdown of discharge and overheat, SF6 gas decomposes and produces a variety of low fluorine sulfides. Therefore, the concentration of CF4 gas in the high-voltage switch state can be effectively determined by detecting high-voltage GIS. This paper puts forward a kind of semiconductor laser based gas detection (NDIR) technology, the flange fixed installation in high voltage switch, optical fiber sensing structure can realize remote, real-time online monitoring of CF4 gas content. The experiment shows that the flange fiber optic sensor on-line monitoring device can realize the effective measurement of CF4 gas. The research results show that maximum field intensity on the surface of basin insulator is 10.788kV/mm, which is lower than the control field strength of 20kV/mm under the SF6 gas insulation condition, therefore the E-field near the basin insulator does not affect the operation of the optical fiber sensor. In the case of 1m light path, the detection limit of CF4 gas near 1312nm is less than 0.5ppm. The results of this study can provide an entirely new scheme for on-line monitoring of high-pressure open-light SF6 gas decomposition products, which can realize real-time on-line monitoring of the internal gas of the high voltage GIS equipment.
Overview of distributed generation planning in electric distribution networks
Authors: Wu Xiaomeng , Shi Zheng , Feng Guo , Wang Qianyu
Published: October 2020

As the proportion of distributed generation (DG) in the electric distribution network continues to increase, the intermittent characteristic of DG and uncertain load have many effects on electric distribution network planning and operation. Reasonable planning of DG in the electric distribution network can reduce network losses, improve power quality, reduce line transmission power, and improve system reliability. Unreasonable DG planning will cause problems such as waste of facilities, harmonic pollution and voltage fluctuations. Therefore, reasonable planning of DG has important practical significance. In this paper, the modeling of uncertain factors, the models of DG planning and optimization algorithms for solving planning models are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms are analyzed, and DG planning in electric distribution networks is more comprehensively reflected.
Multi-protocol bridge generation for M2M communication using MQTT
Authors: Bartholet Marcel , Überall Christian
Published: October 2020

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is known as a quasi-standard for IoT application communication between IoT devices and OPC UA (Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture) is the de facto standard that enables M2M communication in modern industry 4.0. But there are also industrial machines that still use RESTful (Representational State Transfer) APIs as their only communication interface. Integrating machines with these three protocols into automated manufacturing processes and enact a machine to machine communication between them can be challenging. This paper demonstrates how a M2M communication supporting HTTP, MQTT and OPC UA can be implemented using MQTT as the communication protocol. Furthermore, the goal is to create a model for each bridge that can be used to create interface mappings from MQTT to HTTP or from MQTT to OPC UA. This model can then easily be used to generate MQTT clients that bridge the different protocols and enable the M2M communication between machines to share their information.
Research on Optimal Dispatch of Active Distribution Network with Distributed Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Xiaomeng , Dang Jian , Ren Fu , Wang Shangkun
Published: October 2020

In order to alleviate the energy crisis and improve environmental quality, the efficient use of renewable energy has become a development trend. In order to integrate various types of distributed generation (Distributed Generation, DG), to achieve large-scale renewable energy consumption, improve the utilization efficiency of distribution network resources, and improve the reliability and power quality of users, active distribution network technology has come into being, and it has attracted more and more attention from researchers. As an important part of the active distribution network, distributed energy storage has the advantages of centralized energy storage that can achieve independent control and “plug and play”, wide geographical distribution, flexibility and convenience. At the same time, because energy storage has power and the dual characteristics of load, using it to participate in the optimal dispatching of the distribution network, can effectively reduce the operating cost of the distribution network and to a certain extent realize the peak cut and valley filling of the power grid, and improve the power quality of the distribution network.
Design of a Rainfall Sensor for Mobile Offshore Platform
Authors: Cui Tiangang , Wang Ni , Zhang Yun , Sun Jia , Chu Weixian , Liu Tao
Published: October 2020

A rainfall sensor which adopts the ratio of water volume as the measurement parameter was designed in this study. The ratio of water volume is unaffected by the platform movement on the sea. The sensor uses a corresponding relationship model of the ratio of water volume and electric capacitance established by experiments and regression analysis. With this corresponding relationship model, the rainfall data is obtained from the measured electric capacitance. According to the subsequent verification test of a prototype, the maximum measurement error of the prototype was 0.24mm, which is able to meet the accuracy requirements of marine rainfall measurement in specifications for oceanographic survey.
The Principle and Prospect of Quantum Communication
Authors: Liu Yutong
Published: October 2020

With the progress of science and technology, as well as the development of the times, people begin to have higher requirements on the security and efficiency of communication, so quantum communication has attracted much more attention. Quantum communication has lots of advantages such as unconditional security, high transmission efficiency, strong anti-interference ability and good concealment performance. In this paper, the author analyzes the advantages and the present situation of quantum communication. This paper briefly introduces the model of quantum communication network, the quantum computing, data decoding based on quantum computation and the quantum search algorithm concepts, which are described in simple terms. Two quantum secure direct communication protocols are also introduced and analyzed, and the prospects of quantum communication are presented.
Lipschitz estimates for the commutator of singular integral
Authors: Wu Shuo , Niu Zhipei
Published: October 2020

It is widely known that commutator of Tb
of the singular integral operator T with a BMO function b is bounded on Lp
(ℝn) for 1 < p < ∞. In this paper, we consider the endpoint estimate for a kind of commutator of singular integrals. We can obtain a Lip
β -type estimate for T
b

under the assumption b ∈ Blipβ
.
Quantum entanglement criterion based on extended complex plane
Authors: Liu Guangrong
Published: October 2020

The state space of quantum system is a Hilbert space with complex inner product. The two states quantum system is called a qubit. Its quantum state gives different geometric representations. The density matrix of a quantum state can describe all the information of a quantum system. In particular, the representation of quantum pure states by means of extended complex plane is given. On this basis, combined with the matrix representation of the quantum states of the composite system, the criteria for quantum entanglement and separability are studied. Finally, the measurement method of quantum pure state entanglement is given.
Development and Research of EMU Honeycomb Floor Structure Mechanic Simulation Modular
Authors: Sun Linfeng , Wang Bingsong
Published: October 2020

Basing on PYTHON coding, honeycomb floor static and dynamic strength simulation modular had been developed. Modular automatic analysing, database parallel saving and parametric modelling technique were introduced. By means of the modular, component-level actual loading test was simulated and results of test and simulation were compared. It was presented that result deviation between test and simulation was small and accuracy of the modular could be verified. References of related honeycomb floor design and simulation could be provided.
Methods of Generating Entangled Photon Pairs
Authors: Li Yixuan
Published: October 2020

We examined the regular methods of creating knotted photon sets. Our company initially centered upon the nuclear resource, the very first discovered knotted photon resource that creates the photon sets automatically. Our company at that point researched the nonlinear optics procedure: parametric down-conversion. And various other resources like four-wave mixing were actually gone over. The document is actually separated and it also delivers a thorough study of the natural science as well as appropriate procedures about the complicated photon production.
What are the social outcomes of climate policies? A systematic map and review of the ex-post literature
Authors: Lamb William F , Antal Miklós , Bohnenberger Katharina , Brand-Correa Lina I , Müller-Hansen Finn , Jakob Michael , Minx Jan C , Raiser Kilian , Williams Laurence , Sovacool Benjamin K
Published: October 2020

It is critical to ensure climate and energy policies are just, equitable and beneficial for communities, both to sustain public support for decarbonisation and address multifaceted societal challenges. Our objective in this article is to examine the diverse social outcomes that have resulted from climate policies, in varying contexts worldwide, over the past few decades. We review 203 ex-post climate policy assessments that analyse social outcomes in the literature. We systematically and comprehensively map out this work, identifying articles on carbon, energy and transport taxes, feed-in-tariffs, subsidies, direct procurement policies, large renewable deployment projects, and other regulatory and market-based interventions. We code each article in terms of their studied social outcomes and effects, with a focus on electricity access, energy affordability, community cohesion, employment, distributional and equity issues, livelihoods and poverty, procedural justice, subjective well-being and drudgery. Our analysis finds that climate and energy policies often fall short of delivering positive social outcomes. Nonetheless, across country contexts and policy types there are manifold examples of climate policymaking that does deliver on both social and climate goals. This requires attending to distributive and procedural justice in policy design, and making use of appropriate mechanisms to ensure that policy costs and benefits are fairly shared. We emphasize the need to further advance ex-post policy assessments and learn about what policies work for a just transition.
Emergent ballistic transport of Bose–Fermi mixtures in one dimension
Authors: Wang Sheng , Yin Xiangguo , Chen Yang-Yang , Zhang Yunbo , Guan Xi-Wen
Published: October 2020

The degenerate Bose–Fermi (BF) mixtures in one dimension present a novel realization of two decoupled Luttinger liquids with bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom at low temperatures. However, the transport properties of such decoupled Luttinger liquids of charges is little known. Here we report on the transport properties of one-dimensional (1D) BF mixtures with delta-function interactions. The initial state is set up as the semi-infinite halves of two 1D BF mixtures with different temperatures, joined together at the time t = 0 and the junction point x = 0. Using the Bethe ansatz solution, we first rigorously prove the existence of conserved charges for both the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom, preserving the Euler-type continuity equations. Applying generalized hydrodynamics, we then analytically obtain the distributions of the densities and currents of the local conserved quantities which solely depend on the ratio ξ = x/t. The left and right moving quasiparticle excitations of the two halves form multiple segmented light-cone hydrodynamics that display ballistic transport of the conserved charge densities and currents in different degrees of freedom. Such profiles reveal a novel dynamical separation of the two Luttinger liquids of fermionic and bosonic atoms in 1D. Our analytical results provide a deep understanding of the role of interaction and quantum statistical effects in quantum transport.
Effect of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (BAP) in callus induction of local patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Authors: Mayerni R , Satria B , Wardhani DK , Chan SROS
Published: October 2020

Patchouli propagates only through vegetative because patchouli has no flowers, so generative propagation is not possible. Traditionally patchouli plants are propagated by using stem cuttings. Alternative methods for vegetative propagation of superior, healthy, and relatively short seedlings can be done through tissue culture techniques, which can reproduce clones with identical genetic in a short time. The success of propagation in vitro is determined by many factors, including growth regulators used. Growth regulators which are often used in tissue culture to initiate callus and increase the production of secondary metabolites (organogenesis) are auxins and cytokinins. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of 2,4-D and BAP in the formation of patchouli callus in vitro. Research methods arranged in a completely randomized design and ex-plants derived from local patchouli plants namely Situak. The results showed that in many concentrations of 2,4 D and BAP to callus induction. Callus formed from giving concentrations in combination without 2,4 D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, concentrations of 1,0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, concentrations of 1,5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, and concentrations of 2,0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP.
Effects of biochar residue and cow manure residue on entisol chemical properties, growth, and production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in second planting season
Authors: Zaitun Z , Yusnizar Y , Yunilasari M , Persada A
Published: October 2020

Agricultural improvement (AI) in dryland became a priority for agricultural development in Aceh Province, Indonesia. AI is in line with government programs to increase the productivity of several types of second food crops such as peanuts. Up to now, the productivity of food crops, especially peanut on dryland in Aceh Province, based on farmers’ practice, was still very low, i.e 0.95 tons ha-1. Biochar is one of the options for soil management and has the potential to improve soil fertility. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of rice husk biochar residue, cocopeat biochar residue, and cow manure residue on Entisol chemical properties, peanut growth, and production. Rice husk biochar, cocopeat biochar, and cow manure were applied on the first season of peanut growth. The research was conducted using factorial 6 × 3 with three replications, and the treatment units were allocated based on Randomized Block Design. The first factor was rice husk biochar residue and cocopeat biochar residue with 3 doses (0; 2.5; 5 t ha-1) and cow manure residue with 3 doses (0; 2.5; 5 t ha-1) as the second factor. The soil chemical properties and root samples were analyzed on 45 days after planting and peanut production after harvest. The observed variables of crops were (1) plant height, (2) branches number (3) plant dry weight; (4) root dry weight; (5) root nodules number, (6) pods weight, (7) pods total, (8) filled pods, (9) seed weight, and (10) weight of 100 seeds. The observed variables of soil chemical properties were (1) pH, (2) C-organic; (3) Total N; (4) P available; and (5) K exchangeable. The results showed that rice husk biochar residue and cocopeat biochar residue does not affect soil chemical properties significantly, such as plant height 15 and 30 DAP, peanut pods, and seed weight per plant. Nevertheless, both had a positive effect on plant height 45 DAP, branches number 15, 30, 40 DAP, root dry weight, plant dry weight, root nodules number, and 100 seeds weight. The best residual dosage of rice husk biochar and cocopeat biochar was 2.5 t ha-1. Cow manure residue did not give a significant effect on soil chemical properties, plant height 15, 30 and 45 DAP, branches number 30, 45 DAP, root dry weight, plant dry weight, root nodules number, peanut pods, seed weight per plant, and 100 seeds weight, but had a positive effect on the number of branches 15 DAP. The best dosage of cow manure residue was 2.5 t ha-1
Observed performances of the hybrid solar-biomass dryer for fish drying
Authors: Yuwana Y , Silvia E , Sidebang B
Published: October 2020

This experiment aimed to configure the performances of hybrid dryer operated with solar and biomass energies for fish drying. The dryer consisted of a structure made of light steel frame and covered with UV plastic 12% equipped with drying chamber, a chimney, a heat collector, a furnace, and a heat exchanger. The biomass was coconut shell and the sample of fish was Pepetak Leiognatus spp. Operating with solar energy and without fish inside the dryer increased the temperature and relative humidity of the drying chamber respectively 13.4°C higher and 37.6% lower than those of the ambient air. When the dryer without fish was biomass operated using 3 kg fuel of the first supply and 1.5 kg fuel of subsequent supplies per 20 minutes, it was able to generate the drying chamber temperature and relative humidity about 60°C and nearly 0% in averages. Utilizing 20% fish moisture content as the threshold for dry fish, operating with solar energy, the dryer completed drying process in 20.47 h which was faster that of the sun drying (24.20 hours). The dryer needed to finish drying processes in 14.37 h and 15.43 h when operated by respectively biomass energy and solar energy continued with biomass energy. The rate of fuel supply for fish drying was 0.633 kg coconut shell per kg wet fish.
Oil palm plantation inside forest area?
Authors: Yonariza Y , Yurike Y
Published: October 2020

The problem of land-use competition continues despite the availability of cadastral technology such as remote sensing and land use mapping technology including the usage of global or geo-positioning system tool to avoid such competition. This happens mainly in state forest where forestland use permits issued by the government to use the forest for large-scale agriculture i.e., oil palm plantation overlap with other forest use permits. This illegal expansion is known as overshooting or land grabbing. In Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province, a private oil palm plantation overshoot 2,000 ha of state forest intended for industrial forest plantation area. This paper raises the following questions; 1) why forest land use permit overlapping, 2) once it identified what solution and negotiation taken by stakeholders; government agencies and private sectors, and 3) what is the land use result. This case study is within a working area of the production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) of Dharmasraya Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra, where industrial plantation area overlaps with oil palm plantation. At the end, the industrial forest plantation area was taken by the oil palm plantation area and make it a legal occupancy. The land use permit overlap happens because of two reasons; first, local government issues oil palm plantation permit while central government issues forest use permit. Second, the oil palm company began their land clearing outside its permitted area and overlap with industrial plantation area. One this discovered; the two companies negotiated and resulted in the sale of forest industrial plantation permits to oil palm Plantation Company; the price is magnificent. But, local people follow forest land grabbing resulting in accelerated deforestation. The study suggests that one map policy is essential, but more importantly, that map and other cadastral technologies must be utilized to monitor land use and to enforce forest protection law.
Variation in shell morphology of the European pond turtle,Emys orbicularis, in fragmented central European populations
Authors: Horváth Enikő , Danko Stanislav , Havaš Peter , Schindler Maria , Šebela Miroslav , Halpern Bálint , Csibrány Balázs , Farkas Balázs , Kaňuch Peter , Uhrin Marcel
Published: October 2020

The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is a widely distributed freshwater species inhabiting much of Europe, but it is often in population decrease or is locally extinct. In this study, we sampled five central European populations, of which four were autochthonous and one was introduced outside the native range. Moreover, two of the native populations were relatively isolated and at the periphery of the species, range. Using the frequency of shell anomalies, a geometric morphometric framework and an analysis of fluctuating asymmetry, we aimed to determine the degree of morphological differentiation among different populations. Significantly, a smaller number of individuals with a malformed shell or scutes occurred in the native core range population, which potentially has a high level of gene flow (Hungary). Although neither canonical variate analysis nor the morphological disparity analysis showed distinct differences between populations, we found significantly higher shell asymmetry in the two marginal populations (Austria and Slovakia) compared with the core range populations. Our results might thus support the central–marginal hypothesis and indicate potential genetically based conservation problems owing to demographic bottlenecks and/or isolation in marginal populations.
For money or identity—or both? Which could promote the retention of social workers in China?
Authors: Wang Enjian , Zheng Ziye , Sui Xudong , Yi Zhiqi , Liu Hongting , Luan Wenjing , Meng Yanan , Shi Bingying , Chen Lei
Published: October 2020

Low pay and the absence of professional identity (PI) are often blamed as major antecedents related to the turnover of social workers in China, yet no study has provided any consideration of the two antecedents together in predicting the turnover intention (TI) of social workers and comparing them, which acts as a more powerful predictor. Based on a sample of 819 participants and by using structural equation models, the current study indicated whether pay satisfaction (PS) or PI could predict TI; the results show that PS plays a stronger role. The findings identified the mediating role of PI in the relationship between PS and TI, but the moderating role of the type of sector (TS) was not supported. The findings suggest that it is necessary to advocate for adequate pay for social workers all over the world. Additionally, PI should be a top priority in social work education, training, exams and practice. Meanwhile, the government should strengthen the purchase of social work services, and a greater proportion of purchase money should be used to pay social workers. Furthermore, the government could offer subsidies for social workers employed in the private sector, similar to those employed in the public sector.
Predicting Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitalized Patients by Applying Machine Learning to Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Lewin-Epstein Ohad , Baruch Shoham , Hadany Lilach , Stein Gideon Y , Obolski Uri
Published: October 2020

Background

Computerized decision support systems are becoming increasingly prevalent with advances in data collection and machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, they are scarcely used for empiric antibiotic therapy. Here, we predict the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial infections of hospitalized patients using ML algorithms applied to patients’ electronic medical records (EMRs).

Methods

The data included antibiotic resistance results of bacterial cultures from hospitalized patients, alongside their EMRs. Five antibiotics were examined: ceftazidime (n = 2942), gentamicin (n = 4360), imipenem (n = 2235), ofloxacin (n = 3117), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (n = 3544). We applied lasso logistic regression, neural networks, gradient boosted trees, and an ensemble that combined all 3 algorithms, to predict antibiotic resistance. Variable influence was gauged by permutation tests and Shapely Additive Explanations analysis.

Results

The ensemble outperformed the separate models and produced accurate predictions on test set data. When no knowledge regarding the infecting bacterial species was assumed, the ensemble yielded area under the receiver-operating characteristic (auROC) scores of 0.73–0.79 for different antibiotics. Including information regarding the bacterial species improved the auROCs to 0.8–0.88. Variables’ effects on predictions were assessed and found to be consistent with previously identified risk factors for antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the potential of ML to predict antibiotic resistance of bacterial infections of hospitalized patients. Moreover, we show that rapidly gained information regarding the infecting bacterial species can improve predictions substantially. Clinicians should consider the implementation of such systems to aid correct empiric therapy and to potentially reduce antibiotic misuse.
Transmission Dynamics of Clostridioides difficile in 2 High-Acuity Hospital Units
Authors: Khader Karim , Munoz-Price L Silvia , Hanson Ryan , Stevens Vanessa , Keegan Lindsay T , Thomas Alun , Pezzin Liliana E , Nattinger Ann , Singh Siddhartha , Samore Matthew H
Published: October 2020

Background

The key epidemiological drivers of Clostridioides difficile transmission are not well understood. We estimated epidemiological parameters to characterize variation in C. difficile transmission, while accounting for the imperfect nature of surveillance tests.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of C. difficile surveillance tests for patients admitted to a bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit or a solid tumor unit (STU) in a 565-bed tertiary hospital. We constructed a transmission model for estimating key parameters, including admission prevalence, transmission rate, and duration of colonization to understand the potential variation in C. difficile dynamics between these 2 units.

Results

A combined 2425 patients had 5491 admissions into 1 of the 2 units. A total of 3559 surveillance tests were collected from 1394 patients, with 11% of the surveillance tests being positive for C. difficile. We estimate that the transmission rate in the BMT unit was nearly 3-fold higher at 0.29 acquisitions per percentage colonized per 1000 days, compared to our estimate in the STU (0.10). Our model suggests that 20% of individuals admitted into either the STU or BMT unit were colonized with C. difficile at the time of admission. In contrast, the percentage of surveillance tests that were positive within 1 day of admission to either unit for C. difficile was 13.4%, with 15.4% in the STU and 11.6% in the BMT unit.

Conclusions

Although prevalence was similar between the units, there were important differences in the rates of transmission and clearance. Influential factors may include antimicrobial exposure or other patient-care factors.