bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zoominar: Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Pentingnya Kunjungan Antenatal Care
Authors: Ningsih Fitriani , Putri Elma Monica , Marlita Marlita , Mantovani Muhamad Rizal , Iman Tia Feronika A.H.
Published: May 2022

Antenatal care is a pregnancy examination to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women to deal with childbirth, the postpartum period, preparation for breastfeeding, and the return of reproductive health naturally. Antenatal care services by several pregnant women are still not entirely appropriately utilized; this makes it difficult for health workers to carry out regular and comprehensive health care development for pregnant women, including early detection of pregnancy risk factors. The purpose of this activity was carried out to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about antenatal care visits. The method used in this activity is lectures and questions and answers via Zoominar. The results of this activity were attended by 20 pregnant women; during the activity, the mothers were very enthusiastic; this could be seen in the increase in the mother's knowledge before and after being given information.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa Dalam Pelajaran Matematika Pokok Bahasan Bangun Datar Melalui Media Konkrit
Authors: Marlina Leni
Published: May 2022

Pembelajaran akan membosankan jika guru selalu mendominasi kegiatan belajar dan mengajar, sehingga akhirnya siswa akan merasa bosan, jenuh, dan kurang berminat dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas III SD Negeri 8 Menteng, setelah menggunakan media konkrit berupa Kertas HVS, penggaris, jam dinding, penggaris segi tiga dalam pelajaran matematika pada pokok bahasan Bangun Datar.

Data awal yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa dari 32 siswa hanya 12 anak yang memperoleh nilai di atas 65 atau dinyatakan tuntas dalam belajar dan 20 anak belum tuntas dalam belajar, karena nilai yang diperoleh masih di bawah 65. Pada siklus I data yang diperoleh menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Data yang diperoleh menyebutkan dari 32 siswa, 17 anak dinyatakan tuntas dalam belajar dan 15 anak belum tuntas dalam belajar. Dari hasil tersebut maka dilanjutkan pada siklus II dan hasilnya menyebutkan peningkatan pemahaman siswa yang signifikan, yaitu siswa tuntas 84 %. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, maka disarankan kepada guru hendaknya menggunakan media pembelajaran atau alat peraga, agar dapat dijadikan alternative sumber belajar dengan mengutamakan keaktivan siswa dan disesuaikan dengan materi yang disampaikan.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas XII Menggunakan Media Peraga Bandul Magnetik Pada Model Pembelajaran Inquiry
Authors: Suhardi Suhardi
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena dilatar belakangi oleh tidak optimalnya capaian hasil belajar siswa, khususnya untuk materi-materi yang bersifat abstrak. Ketidak optimalan hasil belajar ini terjadi akibat proses pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru, kurangnya pemanfaatan media belajar, serta kurang dilibatkannya pengalaman siswa dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuannya. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut peneliti memanfaatkan media pembelajaran berupa media peraga bandul magnetik yang diseting pada pembelajaran inquiry dengan harapan hasil belajar siswa dapat mengalami peningkatan.

Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada materi Gaya Lorentz untuk pelajaran Fisika di Kelas XII MIPA-2 SMAN 1 Dusun Tengah dengan model penelitian, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Target pencapaian peningkatan hasil belajar adalah 70% nilai ketuntasan klasikal dengan ketuntasan minimal (KKM) 65.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua) siklus dengan hasil belajar yang bervariasi. Pada siklus I hasil belajar secara klasikal yang dicapai adalah 51,4% dengan rata-rata nilai capaian 61,7, sedangkan pada siklus II hasil belajar secara klasikal yang dicapai adalah 94,3% dengan rata-rata nilai capaian 73,2. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media peraga bandul magnetik pada model pembelajaran inquiry dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Fisika khususnya siswa kelas XII SMAN 1 Dusun Tengah.
Hikayat Pattani dan Eksistensi Masjid di Negeri Pagoda: Umat Islam Thailand dalam Pusaran Harmoni dan Konflik
Authors: Ramadhan Tri
Published: May 2022

Thailand is one of the most famous kingdoms in Southeast Asia that still exists today. The Kingdom of Thailand comes from the original name “Muang Thai” (formerly called Siam). Islam grew in Thailand is the fruit of a long process. Since the 9th century, Islam has entered Thai society with limited conditions. Islamic teachings have grown and existed in Thailand through various historical events from the classical period (9th century) to modern times (early 21st century). This study aims to explore the history of the development of Islam and the conflicts that occurred in Thailand. The research method used in this article is a critical historical method with a literature study approach. The description of the conflict and its accommodation process that occurred in Thailand is expected to be used as an additional academic reference and an example for relevant stakeholders to stimulate inter-religious harmony in Indonesia, given the issues of tolerance and radicalism that had surfaced.
Thailand merupakan salah satu kerajaan tersohor di Asia Tenggara yang masih eksis hingga saat ini. Kerajaan Thailand berasal dari nama asli “Muang Thai” (sebelumnya disebut Siam). Agama Islam tumbuh di Thailand merupakan buah dari proses yang cukup panjang. Sejak abad ke 9, Islam sudah masuk ke masyarakat Thailand dengan kondisi terbatas. Ajaran Islam telah tumbuh dan eksis di Thailand melalui berbagai peristiwa sejarah dari masa klasik (abad 9) hingga masa modern (awal abad 21). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi sejarah perkembangan Islam, asimilasi, dan konflik yang terjadi di Thailand. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode sejarah kritis dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Deskripsi konflik dan proses akomodasinya yang terjadi di Thailand diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi akademis tambahan dan salah satu contoh bagi stakeholder terkait untuk menstimulasikan kerukunan antar umat beragama di Indonesia mengingat isu toleransi dan radikalisme sempat mengemuka.
ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТУ НА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АДАПТАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ
Authors: Харченко Н. , Дробик М.
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена аналізу впливу темпераменту на особливості адаптації студентів різної статі. Визначено поняття адаптації, темпераменту, екстраверсії-інтроверсії. Доведено, що темперамент людини пов’язаний з особливостями навчальної та професійної діяльності. Проаналізовано вплив основних якостей темпераменту на успішність у соціальній та навчальній діяльності, окреслено рекомендації щодо роботи зі студентами із різними типами темпераменту.
РОЗВИТОК СТРЕСОСТІЙКОСТІ ОБ`ЄКТА НАВЧАННЯ В УМОВАХ ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА У КОНТЕКСТІ ЙОГО САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Якимчук Б.
Published: May 2022

Розвиток стресостійкості розглядається у межах суб'єкт-середовищного підходу, що представляє сукупність основних принципів, що є в основі створення технологій розвитку особистості через суб'єкт-суб'єктну взаємодію у спеціально створеному розвивальному середовищі.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПОТРЕБ ТА МОТИВАЦІЇ ЛЮДИНИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: Осьодло В. , Будагьянц Л.
Published: May 2022

Суттєві зміни у соціальному просторі та часі, які викликані до життя переходом до інформаційної стадії розвитку з необхідністю даються в знаки в соціально-антропологічному та екзистенційно-психологічних вимірах людського існування. Інформаційне суспільство, в якому розгортання мережевих структур з новою продуктивною силою та владою комунікацій креативної громади супроводжується трансформацією чи навіть зламом ієрархій («пірамід») як найпоширенішої впорядкованої управлінської моделі, породжує принципово інакші в порівнянні з модерними практики групового та особистісного смислотворення, самоідентифікації, цілепокладання, ціннісно-оцінного осмислення світу. Зокрема, це стосується переструктурування потребово-мотиваційної сфери особистості, що висвітлюється авторами у контексті загального занепаду «ієрархій» у культурі постмодерну.
У зв’язку із зазначеними революційними змінами в статті наголошується на необхідності впровадження нових філософії спілкування в професійних середовищах й культури управління, як у цивільній, так і у військовій сфері суспільства, відповідно до становища і ролі креативної вільної особистості в інформаційному суспільстві, а також у зв’язку із запитом на суб’єктність і лідерство військовослужбовців і цивільних громадян у асиметричній збройній боротьбі у гібридних війнах ХХІ століття.
End of life care for infants, children and young people (ENHANCE): Protocol for a mixed methods evaluation of current practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Papworth Andrew , Hackett Julia , Beresford Bryony , Murtagh Fliss , Weatherly Helen , Hinde Sebastian , Bedendo Andre , Walker Gabriella , Noyes Jane , Oddie Sam , Vasudevan Chakrapani , Feltbower Richard , Phillips Bob , Hain Richard , Subramanian Gayathri , Haynes Andrew , Fraser Lorna K
Published: May 2022

Background Although child mortality has decreased over the last few decades, around 4,500 infants and children die in the UK every year, many of whom require palliative care. There is, however, little evidence on paediatric end-of-life care services. The current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance provides recommendations about what should be offered, but these are based on low quality evidence. The ENHANCE study aims to identify and investigate the different models of existing end-of-life care provision for infants, children, and young people in the UK, including an assessment of the outcomes and experiences for children and parents, and the cost implications to families and healthcare providers. Methods This mixed methods study will use three linked workstreams and a cross-cutting health economics theme to examine end-of-life care models in three exemplar clinical settings: infant, children and young adult cancer services (PTCs), paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and neonatal units (NNUs). Workstream 1 (WS1) will survey current practice in each setting and will result in an outline of the different models of care used. WS2 is a qualitative comparison of the experiences of staff, parents and patients across the different models identified. WS3 is a quantitative assessment of the outcomes, resource use and costs across the different models identified. Discussion Results from this study will contribute to an understanding of how end-of-life care can provide the greatest benefit for children at the end of their lives. It will also allow us to understand the likely benefits of additional funding in end-of-life care in terms of patient outcomes.
Biorefinery Approach for Cassava Peels: A Review
Authors: Nur Najihah Zulkifli  , Karim Latiffah
Published: May 2022

Sustainability of energy has always become an issue globally as current energy supplies are depleting gradually. Humans were too dependent on natural gasses as a source of energy before, which brought us to this crisis as they are non-renewable energy and take up to a million years to recover. Not only that, prolonged utilization of this type of energy brought deterioration to our environment. Biofuels are one of the renewable energy sources that are favoured in the industry nowadays. They have the potential to replace non-renewable energy while simultaneously decrease the environmental damage. Sourced from various agricultural residues and other plant substances, lignocellulosic materials are capable of being converted to non-renewable energy due to their lavish availability through three basic steps, pre-treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review seeks to observe the prospect of cassava peels as a source for biofuels production and other value-added products such as formic acid, levulinic acid, glycolic acid and vanillin.
Ballast Stabilization with Polyurethane for Use in Desert Areas
Authors: Ghahremani Sina , Zakeri Jabbar-Ali , Samimi Fateme , Movahedi Rad Majid , Esfandiari Mehni Reza , Esmaeili Morteza , Astaraki Farshad
Published: May 2022

Sand dune accumulation in the railways passing through desert areas leads to ballast softening and settlement, which is one of the major challenges in the ballast maintenance operation. In this regard, ballast infilling with polyurethane could be mentioned as a novel solution that has been less attentional in previous studies. In this matter, in present study using a domestic cost-effective polyurethane, the ballast stabilization has been accomplished and the relevant shear strength parameters have been investigated via a series of large-scale direct shear tests. Since the utilized polyurethane has composed of two different components, in the first stage, the best weight ratios of components have been investigated via a series of compression tests. In this matter, the ratio of 1.5 units polyol to 1 unit isocyanate has been adopted as the best composition. Then, the resulting polyurethane was injected into the ballast to perform large-scale direct shear tests. According to the measurement results, the maximum shear stress, the internal friction angle, and the cohesion coefficient increased by 109%, 9.5%, and 162.5% with respect to the non-stabilized ballast (NSB), respectively. In addition, the dilation angle decreased by 66.4% with the injection of polyurethane into the ballast. Hence, the results indicate increased shear strength and lateral track resistance in the presence of polyurethane, which can prevent lateral deflection and improve track safety. In other words, the mentioned polyurethane has improved the shear parameters of the ballast more significantly than other polyurethanes and has shown its performance in increasing the bearing capacity.
Obtención de las propiedades mecánicas de un cabezote, biela y pistón de motor mono-cilindrico de dos tiempos 100cc, aplicando ingeniería inversa
Authors: Bravo Morocho Víctor David , Abarca Pérez Edison Patricio , Miguel Angel Escobar Guachambala
Published: May 2022

La obtención de las propiedades mecánicas a partir de ingeniería inversa o desagregación tecnológica de partes y piezas automotrices permite conocer de primera mano la composición química, estructura, dureza, geometría, entre otras, que facilitan el proceso de diseño y manufactura en este caso particular de un prototipo de biela, pistón y cabezote, los cuales forman parte de un motor de dos tiempos de 100cc. Para este fin se ha considerado normas tanto nacionales como internacionales para estandarizar los procesos y que los resultados sean comparables con investigaciones relacionadas, siendo estas normas: ASTM E10-01 (Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials), ASTM E18-03 (Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials), ASTM E3 – 01 (Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens), ASTM E407 - 07(2015)e1 (Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys), ASTM E1251 – 17a ( Standard Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry), ASTM E350 – 18 (Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron). Para el caso particular del cabezote se tiene los siguientes resultados: composición: 19,53% de Silicio, 1, 798% de Cobre y 76,12% de Aluminio (composición hipoeutéctica), y templado rápidamente en agua, que corresponde a un Aluminio de la serie 392, con una dureza de 108 HB. Para la biela se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: Microestructura compuesta principalmente por martencita y austenita, la dureza de la biela promedia es de 61HRC, con la siguiente composición química: 0,252% de carbón, 1,103% de Manganeso, 1,179% de Cromo, 0,296% de Silicio, respondiendo a un acero Cr-Mn, con un tratamiento térmico de templado y revenido. Para el pistón se tiene los siguientes resultados: dureza del pistón 30,3 HB, composición química: 29,49% de Silicio, 5,657% de Cobre, 1,898% de hierro, respondiendo a un aluminio hipoeutéctico Si-Cu, y responde a una serie 300, con tratamiento térmico de templado y envejecido artificial.
The Use of Marble Waste as a Coarse Agregate in Rigid Pavement Concrete Mixture Using Rice Husk Ash as an Admixture
Authors: Saputro Muhammad Yusuf Eko , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Nurtanto Dwi
Published: May 2022

Concrete is material from mixing fine sand, gravel, cement, and water. This study carried out concrete innovations to reduce marble waste in the environment and reduce the amount of cement used by replacing 10% of the total cement with rice husk ash. In this study, using variations in replacement of marble waste levels for compressive and flexural strength tests of 0% (standard concrete), 30%, 50%, 70% with a cylindrical specimen and a test object in the shape of beams were tested at the age of 14 and 28 days, each variation amounted to 3 test specimens. The results obtained in the test for the percentage of 30% compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 46.50 MPa and 5.67 MPa, 50% of compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 43.95 MPa and 4.83 MPa, and 70% percentage the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 38.64 MPa and 4 MPa. Therefore, it is recommended to use a percentage of 50%, in which the percentage utilizes the most waste and can reduce the cost of concrete to be more economical, which is Rp. 932,476 for each m3 of it.ABSTRAKBeton adalah material dari hasil percampuran (mixing) antara agregat halus (pasir), agregat kasar (kerikil), semen serta air. Penelitian ini melakukan inovasi beton untuk mengurangi limbah marmer yang terdapat dilingkungan dan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan semen dengan mengganti 10% dari total semen dengan abu sekam padi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi penggantian kadar limbah marmer untuk uji kuat tekan dan kuat lentur sebesar 0% (beton normal), 30%, 50%, 70% dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder dan benda uji berbentuk balok yang diuji pada umur 14 dan 28 hari, masing masing variasi berjumlah 3 benda uji. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian untuk prosentase 30% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 46,50 MPa dan 5,67 MPa, prosentase 50% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 43,95 MPa dan 4,83 MPa dan, prosentase 70% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 38,64 MPa dan 4 MPa. Maka dari itu direkomendasikan menggunakan prosentase 50%, dimana pada prosentase tersebut memanfaatkan limbah yang paling banyak dan dapat mengurangi biaya beton menjadi lebih ekonomis yaitu dari harga Rp. 1.045.767 menjadi Rp. 932.476 untuk tiap m3 nya.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Adding Bamboo Culms on Hollow Composite Concrete Column Structures on Axial Capacity
Authors: Muhtadi Sabilul , Umniati B. Sri , Sulton Mohammad
Published: May 2022

The problem of self-weight in a structure is an important thing to study. This study aims to find a solution to the problem of self-weight by making a hollow column structure. Bamboo is added to the column structure to replace the strength of the concrete volume lost due to voids. The test object consisted of four columns, three hollow columns with the addition of bamboo rods, and one solid column. Variations in the number of bamboo sticks, namely one, two, and four sticks, were inserted into a column with a cross-section of 300x300 mm and a height of 800 mm. The type of bamboo used is petung bamboo with a minimum age of three years with a diameter of ±120 mm. Twelve pieces of bamboo reinforcement measuring 15x10 mm and four pieces of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm were used as the primary reinforcement. For stirrups, closed stirrups with a diameter of 8 mm are used. The load given to the column is an axial load of 900 kN on the top surface of the column. From the results of the study, the presence of cavities and the addition of bamboo stems in the column caused an increase in the value of the axial deformation, from 0.2675 mm in the Solid Column, then Columns A, B, and C increased to 0.2707 mm, 0.2731 mm and 0.2874 mm respectively.ABSTRAKPermasalahan berat sendiri pada suatu struktur menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan solusi dari permasalahan berat sendiri dengan membuat struktur kolom berongga. Untuk menggantikan kekuatan dari volume beton yang hilang karena rongga, maka ditambahkan bambu ke dalam struktur kolom. Benda uji terdiri dari empat kolom, tiga kolom berongga dengan penambahan batang bambu dan satu kolom solid. Variasi jumlah batang bambu yaitu satu, dua, dan empat batang,  dimasukkan ke dalam kolom dengan penampang 300x300 mm dan tinggi 800 mm. Jenis bambu yang digunakan yaitu bambu petung berumur minimal tiga tahun dengan diameter ±120mm. 12 buah tulangan bambu berukuran 15x10 mm dan 4 buah tulangan baja berdiameter 10 mm digunakan sebagai tulangan utama. Untuk sengkang, digunakan sengkang tertutup dengan diameter 8 mm. Beban yang diberikan pada kolom berupa beban aksial sebesar 900 kN pada permukaan atas kolom. Dari hasil penelitian, adanya rongga dan penambahan batang bambu pada kolom menyebabkan kenaikan nilai deformasi aksial, dari 0,2675 mm pada Kolom Solid, lalu Kolom A, B dan C berturut-turut meningkat menjadi 0,2707 mm, 0,2731 mm dan 0,2874 mm.
Pluralist Behavioral Economics (PBE) for Consumers, Firms, Gender, Health and Society
Authors: Larsen Torben
Published: May 2022

The paradigm of economic rationality is eroded by criticism from related behavioral disciplines, especially psychology. Neuroeconomics is a new multidisciplinary approach to behavioral economics. Neuroeconomics orders the Big5 Taxonomy by risk-will into a pluralist behavioral economics (PBE) that changes the classical and develops new domains of economic behavior: Firstly, consumer behavior is not sovereign but formed by group standards centering Open-mindedness. The rational consumer standard is now “Simple Living” as an alternative to consumerism. Secondly, the prototype of open-mindedness in production life is identified as the Pilot-in-the-plane entrepreneur that expands the production scope far beyond maximization of profit to include characteristics such as pragmatism, versatile team composition and perseverance to overcome obstacles. Thirdly, stress-management by meditative in-depth relaxation is evidenced as a complement to fitness. Fourthly, gender economics is supported by neuroeconomic findings on mental gender differences. Fifthly, Neuroeconomics explains the qualitative value of industrialization as “Rise of the Creative Class” due to liberal upbringing, broader and better tertiary education and more business options. The Discussion focuses on spillovers from PBE to the democratic culture. The option is to moderate historical economic-political polarization to that of complements with a broader population base.
TRANSLATION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, COMMUNITY AND PRACTICE: A FORUM THEATRE PROCESS
Authors: Hamel Sonia
Published: May 2022

On 6 February 2008, a deliberative theatre experiment was held at the National Archives of Quebec. Inspired by the democratic virtues of public deliberation but preoccupied with its blind spots, Forum Theatre was used to initiate discussion about the social tensions between the homeless and other dwellers of public space in downtown Montreal. Using Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed, we hoped to emphasize the narratives of the homeless in these neighbourhood forums to engage a variety of stakeholders in a reflexive debate on normative conceptions of public space which tend to reproduce the marginalization of the homeless by reinforcing the denial of recognition they face. Drawing from Michel Callon’s Sociology of Translation (1986) as an analytical model, we argue that our research process was riddled with blind spots as it did not explicitly identify and negotiate its ‘obligatory passage points’. This undermined its co-constructive aims as well as its deconstructive outcomes.
DO IPAD APPLICATONS HELP STUDENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IMPROVE LIFE-READINESS SKILLS?
Authors: Dunn Michael , Barrio Brenda , Hsiao Yun-Ju
Published: May 2022

Students with developmental disabilities often struggle with life-readiness skills (e.g., literacy skills such as reading and writing, task completion, and communication), which also help prepare students for the workplace. Assistive technology tools offer these students a means to do better in these areas. In this action-research study, we provided students with developmental disabilities (N=9) who were transitioning out of secondary school with iPad applications (apps) that could help them improve their life-readiness skills. The Common Core State Standards’ overall objective is students’ college and career readiness by the end of secondary school. While collecting qualitative and quantitative data across the 2012-2013 academic years, a group of educators worked with the students and their parents to help them learn and apply the iPad apps for life-readiness skills. The results indicated that all students improved in life-readiness skills. Ideas for future research as well as limitations of this study are also discussed.
Larger females have more calves: influence of maternal body length on fecundity in North Atlantic right whales
Authors: Stewart JD , Durban JW , Europe H , Fearnbach H , Hamilton PK , Knowlton AR , Lynn MS , Miller CA , Perryman WL , Tao BWH , Moore MJ
Published: May 2022

North Atlantic right whales (NARW) are critically endangered and have been declining in abundance since 2011. In the past decade, human-caused mortalities from vessel strikes and entanglements have been increasing, while birth rates in the population are at a 40 yr low. In addition to declining abundance, recent studies have shown that NARW length-at-age is decreasing due to the energetic impacts of sub-lethal entanglements, and that the body condition of the population is poorer than closely related southern right whales. We examined whether shorter body lengths are associated with reduced fecundity in female NARW. We compared age-corrected, modeled metrics of body length with 3 metrics of fecundity: age at first reproduction, average inter-birth interval, and the number of calves produced per potential reproductive year. We found that body length is significantly related to birth interval and calves produced per reproductive year, but not age at first reproduction. Larger whales had shorter inter-birth intervals and produced more calves per potential reproductive year. Larger whales also had higher lifetime calf production, but this was a result of larger whales having longer potential reproductive spans, as body lengths have generally been declining over the past 40 yr. Declining body sizes are a potential contributor to low birth rates over the past decade. Efforts to reduce entanglements and vessel strikes could help maintain population viability by increasing fecundity and improving resiliency of the population to other anthropogenic and climate impacts.
Revisión sistemática de intervenciones para el tratamiento de la depresión y ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer de colon
Authors: Castañeda Salgado Pablo , Gómez Baya Diego
Published: May 2022

El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en el mundo. Son conocidas sus consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de las personas que la padecen. Uno de los más comunes en la sociedad es el cáncer de colon. Los pacientes con este tipo de cáncer reciben mayoritariamente atención médica y farmacológica para sus síntomas físicos. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer y recalcar la importancia de las intervenciones en depresión y ansiedad en pacientes con cáncer de colon. Esta enfermedad no solo afecta al componente somático, el ajuste psicológico también puede verse alterado en multitud de ocasiones. En la actualidad, muchas terapias psicológicas son usadas para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en los pacientes. Estas propuestas de intervención buscan favorecer las condiciones contextuales, psicosociales, cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales de los enfermos. Hasta la fecha, las intervenciones en salud mental han sido de corte cognitivo-conductual o psicosocial.  Los resultados concluyen una visión optimista relacionada con los programas de intervención mental, especialmente en terapias relacionadas con técnicas de promoción de la autoeficacia y la actividad física, mostrando cambios relevantes en los niveles de ansiedad, depresión e incluso calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer de colon.
Application of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Agents in the Prevention and Treatment of Enamel Demineralization
Authors: Yan Jiarong , Yang Hongye , Luo Ting , Hua Fang , He Hong
Published: May 2022

Enamel demineralization, as a type of frequently-occurring dental problem that affects both the health and aesthetics of patients, is a concern for both dental professionals and patients. The main chemical composition of the enamel, hydroxyapatite, is easy to be dissolved under acid attack, resulting in the occurrence of enamel demineralization. Among agents for the preventing or treatment of enamel demineralization, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has gradually become a focus of research. Based on the nonclassical crystallization theory, ACP can induce the formation of enamel-like hydroxyapatite and thereby achieve enamel remineralization. However, ACP has poor stability and tends to turn into hydroxyapatite in an aqueous solution resulting in the loss of remineralization ability. Therefore, ACP needs to be stabilized in an amorphous state before application. Herein, ACP stabilizers, including amelogenin and its analogs, casein phosphopeptides, polymers like chitosan derivatives, carboxymethylated PAMAM and polyelectrolytes, together with their mechanisms for stabilizing ACP are briefly reviewed. Scientific evidence supporting the remineralization ability of these ACP agents are introduced. Limitations of existing research and further prospects of ACP agents for clinical translation are also discussed.
Nano-Technological Approaches for Targeting Kidney Diseases With Focus on Diabetic Nephropathy: Recent Progress, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Lin Bo , Ma Ying-Yu , Wang Jun-Wei
Published: May 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. With the rising prevalence of diabetes, the occurrence of DN is likely to hit pandemic proportions. The current treatment strategies employed for DN focus on the management of blood pressure, glycemia, and cholesterol while neglecting DN’s molecular progression mechanism. For many theranostic uses, nano-technological techniques have evolved in biomedical studies. Several nanotechnologically based theranostics have been devised that can be tagged with targeting moieties for both drug administration and/or imaging systems and are being studied to identify various clinical conditions. The molecular mechanisms involved in DN are discussed in this review to assist in understanding its onset and progression pattern. We have also discussed emerging strategies for establishing a nanomedicine-based platform for DN-targeted drug delivery to increase drug’s efficacy and safety, as well as their reported applications.
Silk Hydrogel-Mediated Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Directly to Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Increases Browning and Energy Expenditure
Authors: Townsend Kristy L. , Pritchard Eleanor , Coburn Jeannine M. , Kwon Young Mi , Blaszkiewicz Magdalena , Lynes Matthew D. , Kaplan David L. , Tseng Yu-Hua
Published: May 2022

Objective: Increasing the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is one promising avenue for treating obesity and related metabolic conditions, given that BAT has a high potential for energy expenditure and is capable of improving glucose and lipid homeostasis. BAT occurs either in discrete “classical” depots, or interspersed in white adipose tissue (WAT), termed “inducible/recruitable” BAT, or ‘beige/brite’ adipocytes. We and others have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) induces brown adipogenesis in committed and uncommitted progenitor cells, resulting in increased energy expenditure and reduced weight gain in mice. BMP7 is therefore a reliable growth factor to induce browning of WAT.

Methods: In this study, we sought to deliver BMP7 specifically to subcutaneous (sc)WAT in order to induce tissue-resident progenitor cells to differentiate into energy-expending recruitable brown adipocytes, without off-target effects like bone formation, which can occur when BMPs are in the presence of bone progenitor cells (outside of WAT). BMP7 delivery directly to WAT may also promote tissue innervation, or directly activate mitochondrial activity in brown adipocytes, as we have demonstrated previously. We utilized silk protein in the form of an injectable hydrogel carrying BMP7. Silk scaffolds are useful for in vivo delivery of substances due to favorable material properties, including controlled release of therapeutic proteins in an active form, biocompatibility with minimal immunogenic response, and prior FDA approval for some medical materials. For this study, the silk was engineered to meet desirable release kinetics for BMP7 in order to mimic our prior in vitro brown adipocyte differentiation studies. Fluorescently-labeled silk hydrogel loaded with BMP7 was directly injected into WAT through the skin and monitored by non-invasive in vivo whole body imaging, including in UCP1-luciferase reporter mice, thereby enabling an approach that is translatable to humans.

Results: Injection of the BMP7-loaded silk hydrogels into the subcutaneous WAT of mice resulted in “browning”, including the development of multilocular, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive brown adipocytes, and an increase in whole-body energy expenditure and skin temperature. In diet-induced obese mice, BMP7-loaded silk delivery to subcutaneous WAT resulted in less weight gain, reduced circulating glucose and lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER).

Conclusions: In summary, BMP7 delivery via silk scaffolds directly into scWAT is a novel translational approach to increase browning and energy expenditure, and represents a potential therapeutic avenue for delivering substances directly to adipose depots in pursuit of metabolic treatments.
A Strategy to Design Cu2MoS4@MXene Composite With High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency Based on Electron Transfer Regulatory Effect
Authors: Li Lihua , Zhang Jifan , Lin Yang , Zhang Yongfeng , Li Shujie , Liu Yanzhen , Zhang Yingxu , Shi Leilei , Yuan Shouzhang , Guo Lihao
Published: May 2022

Using photothermal therapy to treat cancer has become an effective method, and the design of photothermal agents determines their performance. However, due to the major radiative recombination of a photogenerated electron in photothermal materials, the photothermal performance is weak which hinders their applications. In order to solve this issue, preventing radiative recombination and accelerating nonradiative recombination, which can generate heat, has been proved as a reasonable way. We demonstrated a Cu2MoS4@MXene nanocomposite with an obviously enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 87.98%), and this improvement can be attributed to the electron migration. Then, a mechanism is proposed based on the electron transfer regulatory effect and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect, which synergistically promote nonradiative recombination and generate more heat. Overall, our design strategy shows a way to improve the photothermal performance of Cu2MoS4, and this method can be extended to other photothermal agents to let them be more efficient in treating cancer.
Different Aberrant Changes of mGluR5 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways in the Scrapie-Infected Cell Line and the Brains of Scrapie-Infected Experimental Rodents
Authors: Hu Chao , Chen Cao , Xia Ying , Chen Jia , Yang Wei , Wang Lin , Chen Dong-Dong , Wu Yue-Zhang , Fan Qin , Jia Xiao-Xi , Xiao Kang , Shi Qi , Chen Zhi-Bao , Dong Xiao-Ping
Published: May 2022

Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor found widely in the central nervous system. It has been involved in the development and progression of some neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in prion diseases is rarely described. In this study, the changes of mGluR5 and its downstream signaling pathways in prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 and the brains of scrapie-infected experimental rodents were evaluated by various methodologies. We found the levels of mGluR5 were significantly increased in a prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 and the cultured cells transiently express an abnormal form PrP (Cyto-PrP). Using immunoprecipitation tests and immunofluorescent assays (IFA), molecular interaction and morphological colocalization between PrP and mGluR5 were observed in the cultured cells. We identified that the (GPCRs)-IP3-IP3R-Ca2+ pathway was activated and the levels of the downstream kinases p38, ERK, and JNK were increased in SMB-S15 cells. After treated with mGluR5 antagonist (MTEP) or the removal of prion replication by resveratrol in SMB-S15 cells, the upregulations of mGluR5 and the downstream kinases were restored in a certain degree. Moreover, increased mGluR5 contributes to the cell damage in prion-infected cells. Contrarily, the levels of mGluR5 in the brains of several scrapie-infected rodent models were decreased at terminal stage. IFA of the brain sections of scrapie-infected rodents demonstrated that the signals of mGluR5 were preferentially colocalized with the NeuN-positive cells, accompanying with severe neuron losses in Nissl staining, which might be a reason for the decrease of mGluR5. Our data indicate the different aberrant alterations of mGluR5 and the downstream signaling pathways during prion infection in vivo and in vitro.
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals Piezo1-Induced Ca2+ Flux Mediates Membrane Ruffling and Cell Survival
Authors: Kim Heon-Su , Suh Jung-Soo , Jang Yoon-Kwan , Ahn Sang-Hyun , Choi Gyu-Ho , Yang Jin-Young , Lim Gah-Hyun , Jung Youngmi , Jiang Jie , Sun Jie , Suk Myungeun , Wang Yingxiao , Kim Tae-Jin
Published: May 2022

A mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1 induces non-selective cation flux in response to various mechanical stresses. However, the biological interpretation and underlying mechanisms of cells resulting from Piezo1 activation remain elusive. This study elucidates Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx driven by channel activation and cellular behavior using novel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and single-cell imaging analysis. Results reveal that extracellular Ca2+ influx via Piezo1 requires intact caveolin, cholesterol, and cytoskeletal support. Increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels enhance PKA, ERK, Rac1, and ROCK activity, which have the potential to promote cancer cell survival and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx upregulates membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of cancer cell metastasis, using spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the function of Piezo1, suggesting that Piezo1 plays a significant role in the behavior of cancer cells.
Zombies Never Die: The Double Life Bub1 Lives in Mitosis
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Song Chunlin , Wang Lei , Jiang Hongfei , Zhai Yujing , Wang Ying , Fang Jing , Zhang Gang
Published: May 2022

When eukaryotic cells enter mitosis, dispersed chromosomes move to the cell center along microtubules to form a metaphase plate which facilitates the accurate chromosome segregation. Meanwhile, kinetochores not stably attached by microtubules activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and generate a wait signal to delay the initiation of anaphase. These events are highly coordinated. Disruption of the coordination will cause severe problems like chromosome gain or loss. Bub1, a conserved serine/threonine kinase, plays important roles in mitosis. After extensive studies in the last three decades, the role of Bub1 on checkpoint has achieved a comprehensive understanding; its role on chromosome alignment also starts to emerge. In this review, we summarize the latest development of Bub1 on supporting the two mitotic events. The essentiality of Bub1 in higher eukaryotic cells is also discussed. At the end, some undissolved questions are raised for future study.
When PIP2 Meets p53: Nuclear Phosphoinositide Signaling in the DNA Damage Response
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsiu , Sheetz Michael P.
Published: May 2022

The mechanisms that maintain genome stability are critical for preventing tumor progression. In the past decades, many strategies were developed for cancer treatment to disrupt the DNA repair machinery or alter repair pathway selection. Evidence indicates that alterations in nuclear phosphoinositide lipids occur rapidly in response to genotoxic stresses. This implies that nuclear phosphoinositides are an upstream element involved in DNA damage signaling. Phosphoinositides constitute a new signaling interface for DNA repair pathway selection and hence a new opportunity for developing cancer treatment strategies. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which nuclear phosphoinositides regulate DNA damage repair, and particularly the dynamics of those processes, is rather limited. This is partly because there are a limited number of techniques that can monitor changes in the location and/or abundance of nuclear phosphoinositide lipids in real time and in live cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the roles of nuclear phosphoinositides in DNA damage response with an emphasis on the dynamics of these processes. Based upon recent findings, there is a novel model for p53’s role with nuclear phosphoinositides in DNA damage response that provides new targets for synthetic lethality of tumors.
Construction of Machine Learning Models to Predict Changes in Immune Function Using Clinical Monitoring Indices in HIV/AIDS Patients After 9.9-Years of Antiretroviral Therapy in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Bingxiang , Li Mingyu , Song Yu , Lu Xiaoning , Liu Dajin , He Chenglu , Zhang Ruixian , Wan Xinrui , Zhang Renning , Sun Ming , Kuang Yi-Qun , Li Ya
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate trends in clinical monitoring indices in HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at baseline and after treatment in Yunnan Province, China and to provide the basis for guiding clinical treatment to obtain superior clinical outcomes.

Methods

A total of 96 HIV/AIDS patients who had started and persisted in highly active ART treatment from September 2009 to September 2019 were selected. Of these, 54 had a CD4 cell count < 200 cells/μl while 42 had a CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/μl. Routine blood tests, liver and renal function, and lipid levels were measured before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. Lymphocyte subset counts and viral load were measured once per year, and recorded for analysis and evaluation. Three machine learning models (support vector machine [SVM], random forest [RF], and multi-layer perceptron [MLP]) were constructed that used the clinical indicators above as parameters. Baseline and follow-up results of routine blood and organ function tests were used to analyze and predict CD4+ T cell data after treatment during long-term follow-up. Predictions of the three models were preliminarily evaluated.

Results

There were no statistical differences in gender, age, or HIV transmission route in either patient group. Married individuals were substantially more likely to have <200 CD4+ cells/μl. There was a strong positive correlation between ALT and AST (r = 0.587) and a positive correlation between CD4 cell count and platelet count (r = 0.347). Platelet count was negatively correlated with ALT (r = -0.229), AST (r = -0.251), and positively correlated with WBCs (r = 0.280). Compared with the CD4 cell count < 200 cells/μl group, all three machine learning models exhibited a better predictive capability than for patients with a CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/μl. Of all indicators, the three models best predicted the CD4/CD8 ratio, with results that were highly consistent. In patients with a CD4 cell count < 200 cells/μl, the SVM model had the best performance for predicting the CD4/CD8 ratio, while the CD4/CD8 ratio was best predicted by the RF model in patients with a CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/μl.

Conclusion

By the incorporation of clinical indicators in SVM, RF, and MLP machine learning models, the immune function and recuperation of HIV/AIDS patients can be predicted and evaluated, thereby better guiding clinical treatment.
Solar Geoengineering Modeling and Applications for Mitigating Global Warming: Assessing Key Parameters and the Urban Heat Island Influence
Authors: Feinberg Alec
Published: May 2022

In this paper, solar geoengineering modeling is presented with a goal to simplify reverse forcing assessments and the capability to apply it to a wide variety of applications. Results find improvements on sun-shade space mirror and desert surface treatment estimates, stratosphere sun-dimming methods, and the Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) influence. A heat amplification parameter is added to the model allowing it to be applied to UHI estimates. UHI amplification effects are due to the large solar area of buildings, reduction of wind cooling, solar canyons, and so forth. The UHI reverse forcing requirements are assessed with amplification estimates of 3.1 and 5.2, yielding 7.6% to 12.7% of gross global warming could be due to the urbanization effect, respectively. The gross warming 7.6% estimate, accurately compares to the author's prior study, and the 12.7% represents very recent results by other authors from new measurement methods. Key issues are pointed out that without including a heat amplification estimate and other modeling parameters, the UHI intensity, that likely dominates the urbanization warming effect could be severely underestimated, yielding urbanization estimates possibly as low as 2.4%. It is important to identify possible reasons where underestimates may occur from a modeling perspective to help understand controversies that may be occurring. The new model helps to clarify such parameters, allows for a significant reduction in complexity and calibration, and is shown to be helpful for numerous solar geoengineering applications including the serious need to reduce the UHI effect worldwide. Solar geoengineering solutions will require a lot of creativity, in addition to modeling, suggestions are provided for drought relief ideas and Paris Accord goals required for any successful urban solar geoengineering coordinated effort.
Redefining Multimodality
Authors: Sandler Wendy
Published: May 2022

The term “multimodality” incorporates visible gestures as part of language, a goal first put forward by Adam Kendon, and this idea revolutionized the scope of linguistic inquiry. But here I show that the term “multimodality” itself is rife with ambiguity, sometimes referring to different physical channels of transmission (auditory vs. visual), and sometimes referring to the integration of linguistic structures with more imagistic, less conventionalized expressions (see David McNeill's work), regardless of the physical channel. In sign languages, both modes are conveyed in a single, visual channel, revealed here in the signing of actors in a sign language theatre. In spoken languages, contrary to expectations raised by defining “modality” in terms of the physical channel, we see that the channel of transmission is orthogonal to linguistic and gestural modes of expression: Some visual signals are part and parcel of linguistic structure, while some auditory (intonational) signals have characteristics of the gestural mode. In this empirical, qualitative study, I adopt the term “mode” to refer solely to specific characteristics of communicative expression, and not to the physical channel. “Multimodal” refers to the coexistence of linguistic and gestural modes, regardless of the physical channel of transmission—straightforwardly encompassing the two natural language systems, spoken and signed.