bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ALIMENTARY INSUFFICIENCY OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND IODINE ON RAT VITAMIN STATUS
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Vrzhesinskaya O.A. , Kodentsova V.M. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Beketova N.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Kosheleva O.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Shevyakova L.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Leonenko S.N. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Sokolnikov A.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Aksenov I.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
Published: April 2021

The diet of the majority of the population of Russia is characterized by an insufficient content of a number of micronutrients, including macro- and micronutrients. The aim of the study is to characterize in a rat model experiment the effect of combined nutritional deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine on the availability of other mineral substances, vitamin metabolism and biochemical parameters blood plasma. The lack of minerals in growing Wistar male rats with an initial body weight (51.4 ± 0.5) g was created for 23 days by halving of a calcium, magnesium and iodine in the salt mixture. Alimentary deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine in growing rats significantly and multidirectionally affected the metabolism of other minerals and vitamins, as well as a number of diagnostically significant indicators of blood and urine. In rats of the experimental group, the liver concentration of α-tocopherol, vitamin B1 and retinol palmitate decreased, the concentration of iron and zinc increased, the copper content in the whole brain decreased significantly. The molar ratio of γ- and α-tocopherols in blood plasma was increased, the concentration of the circulating form of vitamin D decreased. The ratio of AlAT / AsAT (de Ritis coefficient) markedly decreased due to increased activity of AlAT. Phosphate reabsorption decreased slightly. Increased urinary excretion of riboflavin was accompanied by a decrease in its concentration in blood plasma. The conclusion that insufficient intake of calcium, magnesium and iodine may disturb vitamin-mineral status of organism has been made.
Inherited Retinal Degenerations in Portugal: Addressing the Unmet Needs
Authors: Marques João Pedro , Pires Joana , Costa José , Murta Joaquim , Silva Rufino
Published: April 2021

N/a.
Laporan Kasus: Corneal Ulcer karena Secondary Trauma Keratoconjuntivitis Sicca pada Kucing
Authors: Setiyanto Oman
Published: April 2021

Berbagai penyakit mata yang pernah ditemukan pada kucing diantaranya seperti corneal ulcer. Metode pemeriksaan yaitu inspeksi mata keseluruhan, schirmer tear test (STT), dan fluorescein test. Hasil penekanan palpebrae didapat konsistensi mata kanan yang keras disertai discharge berlebih. Hasil pemeriksaan fluorescein test yaitu warna hijau paper strip masihmenempel pada mata meskipun sudah dibasuh menggunakan NaCl. Nilai STT mata kanan didapatkan 10 mm/menit dan mata kiri 8 mm/menit. Terapi yang diberikan adalah antiibiotik tetes mata levofloksacin diberikan 6 kali/hari sebanyak 1 tetes pada kedua mata. Pada mata kanan diberikan pilocarpin HCL 1% dan diteteskan hanya pada mata kanan satu tetes sebanyak 6 kali/hari, dengan pemberian 10 menit sebelum pemberian antibiotik tetes. Tetes mata Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose diberikan sebanyak 6 kali/hari. Terapi dilakukan sampai minggu ke-3 dan mendapatkan respon kesembuhan yang baik yaitu sudah tidak terlihat chemosis dan membran niktitan, produksi discharge mata berkurang, sudah terdapat respon palpebrae pada mata kiri namun pada mata kanan hanya ada sedikit, namun kornea masih terlihat keruh bilateral. ukuran bola mata kanan mengecil. Hasil STT setelah pengobatan menunjukkan pada mata kanan adalah 15 mm dan mata kiri 14.5 mm.
POTENSI MADU PADA PENINGKATAN JUMLAH SEL SPERMATOGENIK TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) YANG KEKURANGAN NUTRISI
Authors: Listyorini Linda , Hernawati Tatik , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine honey's potential in increasing the number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid) of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with nutritional deficiencies. Twenty four male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four groups. Negative control (K-) mice was not fasted nor given honey. Positive control (K+) mice was fasted for 5 days without the administration of honey. The treatment group rats were fasted for 5 days followed by administration of honey 30% (P1) and 50% (P2) in drinking water for 10 days. On the 76th day all rats were sacrificed and their testes were collected for histological slides using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results showed that fasting treatment for five days (group K +) caused a decrease (p <0.05) in the number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes and spermatids compared to those of the normal mice (group K–). Administration of 50% honey (group P2) for 10 days caused an increase (p <0.05) in the number of spermatogonia cells, spermatocytes and spermatids compared to the K + group mice. In P2 group, the number of spermatogonia cells was lower (p <0.05), while the number of spermatocytes and spermatids was not significantly different than in the K– group mice. It could be concluded that the administration of honey was able to regenerate the testicular tissue of rats with nutritional deficiency by increasing the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules.
THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT SKIN EXTRACT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) ON THE NUMBER OF LEYDIG CELLS, DIAMETER OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, AND TESTICULAR WEIGHT OF MALE MICE (Mus musculus) EXPOSURED WITH HOT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Prastyaningtyas Kukuh , Kurnijasanti Rochmah , Sugihartuti Rahmi , Susilowati Suherni , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Eliyani Hana
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract (RDFPE) on the parameters of Leydig cells number, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to heat (40°C). Twenty adult male mice were divided randomly into five groups. The control group (C) mice only received a placebo. Meanwhile, the treatment groups mice were exposed to heat for 45 minutes daily for 36 days and oral administration of placebo, RDFPE of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg BW for T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The result showed that heat exposure on mice (T0 group) caused a lower of all of the parameters (p <0.05) than normal mice (control group, C). RDFPE administration at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW (T1 group) and 500 mg/kg BW (T2 group) resulted in a higher value of those parameters (p <0.05) compared to the T0 group. All those parameters of the T2 group (dose of 500 mg/kg BW) were not significantly different (p >0.05) than the control group (normal mice). However, the higher dose of RDFPE (1000 mg/kg BW, T3 group) resulted in the lower values of those parameters (p <0.05) than those of the T2 group. It could be concluded that 500mg/kg BW dose of RDFPE could return Leydig cells number, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to heat.
POLIP ENDOMETRIUM PADA SAPI BUNTING TUA
Authors: Yusuf Anang , Widiyatno Thomas Valentinus , Samik Abdul
Published: April 2021

The current report describes acute death in 8.5 months pregnant cow, which no signs of illness before. Postmortem examination showed the presence of gastric bloat. Necropsy revealed no change in the viscera, but yellow and cloudy nodules were found on the endometrial wall, amniotic fluid mixed with blood, blood clots in the inner cervical canal, pneumonia in the lungs. Meanwhile, the anatomical condition of the fetus was normal. It could be concluded that the cow's sudden death was due to late pregnancy, causing high tension that triggers rupturing of the polyp blood vessels. The deep vein thrombosis due to late pregnancy causes pulmonary emboli and subsequent pneumonia.
Main Regions and Civilizational Entities in the 21st Century World: Essay of Developmental Prognosis (the end)
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: April 2021

A.V. Akimov and A.I. Yakovlev in their presentation examine long-term perspectives of the world development (up to 2100) observing mainly demographic and resource trends. Their analysis is placed in the context of civilizations. The authors suggest four scenarios: 1) convergence of civilizations; 2) the West keeps its leadership; 3) leadership passes to the East and the South; 4) struggle for resources. The reforms necessary to stimulate the process of development are also examined. These points are discussed at the seminar.
Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States
Authors: Sautkina V.
Published: April 2021

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.
Russian E-Democracy Model in International Context
Authors: Rovinskaya T.
Published: April 2021

The article analyses special features and the prospects of E-Democracy (in particular E-Government) mechanisms development in Russia in the context of world trends. Two parallel processes are being thoroughly examined. The official state E-Democracy development policy (E-Democracy “from above”) covers objections, statements, official documents and institutions created by the Russian Government in the described field. These achievements reflect Russia’s positions in international ratings. As concluded, the Russian Government mostly focuses on E-Government development, though also declares the implementation of the real E-Democracy mechanisms (like E-Elections, E-Participation in political decision-making) in the future. The so called E-Demoracy "from below” consists of the civil society initiatives in forcing political and financial transparency of the state affairs, fighting corruption. Individuals and civic organizations in Russia develop the network of related Internet-sites focusing on different e-democratic mechanisms. It compensates and sometimes replaces the official state policy in this field. The future of E-Democracy in Russia depends not only on technical progress, but also on successful integration of the official and civic initiatives.
Farewell to the Era: IMEMO before the Collapse of the USSR
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to IMEMO activities at the final stage of the USSR (1990–1991), when two main phenomena manifested: the society’s disappointment in Perestroika, which evolved into a wave of anti-communism, and the rise of nationalist and separatist trends. Gorbachev's attempts to carry out profound economic transformation under conditions of the Soviet republics sovereignization failed, encountering resistance of national and regional elites which hankered for monopoly ownership and uncontrolled power in their regions. IMEMO took an active part in drafting of economic and political reforms in the country. This work was carried out both with the central power and the Russian government bodies. Representatives of IMEMO (V.A .Martynov, L.M. Grigoriev, etc.) participated in development of the economic stabilization program ("Program 500 days "). IMEMO experts analyzed economic and social problems of the USSR military-industrial complex conversion – switching over from military to peacetime production. IMEMO prepared a number of proposals on the reduction of strategic offensive arms, on cooperation with international economic organizations; recommendations on strengthening of regional and international security, on foreign policy of the Soviet republics, on possibilities to reduce Soviet military activities abroad, etc.
Halfway to Social Democracy:French Socialists in the Early 21st Century
Authors: Vershinin A.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problem of the French socialist party political evolution in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. Analyzing the recent history of the party the author considers the key contradiction of its contemporary development – the inability of the French socialism to reshape its identity in an age of the communist parties' collapse and the European social democracy transformation according to the “Third Way” concept. The prospects of overcoming of this contradiction in light of François Hollande’s election win in 2012 are emphasized.
PREDICTION FOR COOPERATIVE CREDIT ELIGIBILITY USING DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION WITH C4.5 ALGORITHM
Authors: Kurniawan Yogiek Indra , Fatikasari Annastalia , Hidayat Muhammad Luthfi , Waluyo Mohamad
Published: April 2021

BMT Artha Mandiri is a cooperative that provides savings and loans services. In providing credit, BMT Artha Mandiri still uses the manual method, namely by looking at the ledger and history of each customer, to find out whether the applicant is worthy or not worthy of credit so that it is not effective and efficient. The purpose of this research is to make an application that can predict whether a prospective customer is eligible or not to be given credit. Predictions are made using the data mining classification method, namely the C4.5 algorithm based on the supporting data each customer has to classify which factors have the most influence on the level of credit payments in the cooperative. In a built application, the C4.5 algorithm produces a decision tree that is easy to interpret based on the existing variables. In the application, there are features that can be used to make decisions about customers who will apply for credit at the cooperative. The blackbox test results on the application show that the application has been able to run as expected, while the results of the algorithm test also show that the application has been able to implement the C4.5 algorithm correctly. In addition, the results of testing for accuracy show that the maximum average value of Accuracy is 79.19%.
IMPLEMENTATION TELEGRAM CHAT BOT ON STUDENT ORIENTATION PERIOD REGISTRATION SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENCY OF DATA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Alfaiz Faris Zaky , Maryam Maryam
Published: April 2021

Orientation is a routine activity carried out by both public and private tertiary institutions. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS) which is a private higher education institution also has several types of orientation, one of which is thePeriod of Ta'aruf the Muhammadiyah Student Association (MASTA IMM). IMM. IMM MASTA implementation that has occurred so far in the data processing process is still done manually, so there is often the same data and the time to manage the data is less effective and efficient. This study aims to design a MASTA IMM registration system using Telegram bot to simplify and streamline time in data management and class division. The method used in this research is themethod Waterfall modified, where the repair process is carried out only after the testing and evaluation stages. The development of this system will use the Telegram Bot API and theprogramming Pythonlanguage by utilizing library the provided. This system has several functions, including registration, adding and deleting data, dividing classes, and printing data intodocuments excel. This system has also been tested with good results. The test method used is the blackbox to find out the functionality of the system running properly. As well as testing the System Usability Scale (SUS) to evaluate the usefulness of the system with a final average result of 76.33, which means that the user agrees with the system that has been designed. This system is able to provide convenience during student registration and make it easier for admin in data management.
PEOPLE COUNTING FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONS USING YOU ONLY LOOK ONCE METHOD
Authors: Kusuma Tsabita Al Asshifa Hadi , Usman Koredianto , Saidah Sofia
Published: April 2021

People counting have been widely used in life, including public transportations such as train, airplane, and others. Service operators usually count the amount of passengers manually using a hand counter. Nowadays, in an era that most of human-things are digital, this method is certainly consuming enough time and energy. Therefore, this research is proposed so the service operator doesn't have to count manually with a hand counter, but using an image processing with You Only Look Once (YOLO) method. This project is expected that people counting is no longer done manually, but already based on computer vision. This Final Project uses YOLOv4 that is the latest method in detecting untill 80 classes of object. Then it will use transfer learning as well to change the number of classes to 1 class. This research was done by using Python programming language with various platforms. This research also used three training data scenarios and two testing data scenarios. Parameters measured are accuration, precision, recall, F1 score, Intersection of Union (IoU), and mean Average Precision (mAP). The best configurations used are learning rate 0.001, random value 0, and sub divisions 32. And the best accuration for this system is 69% with the datasets that has been trained before. The pre-trained weights have 72.68% of accuracy, 77% precision, and 62.88% average IoU. This research has resulted a proper performance for detecting and counting people on public transportations.
ANALYSIS OF USER MOBILITY PERFORMANCE ON SOFTWARE DEFINED WIRELESS NETWORK USING DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM
Authors: Khoerotunisa Icha Nurlaela , Hertiana Sofia Naning , Negara Ridha Muldina
Published: April 2021

Over the last decade, wireless devices have developed rapidly until predictions will develop with high complexity and dynamic. So that new capabilities are needed for wireless problems in this problem. Software Defined Network (SDN) is generally a wire-based network, but to meet the needs of users in terms of its implementation, it has begun to introduce a Wireless-based SDN called Software Defined Wireless Network (SDWN) which provides good service quality and reach and higher tools, so as to be able to provide new capabilities to wireless in a high complexity and very dynamic. When SDN is implemented in a wireless network it will require a routing solution that chooses paths due to network complexity. In this paper, SDWN is tested by being applied to mesh topologies of 4,6 and 8 access points (AP) because this topology is very often used in wireless-based networks. To improve network performance, Dijkstra's algorithm is added with the user mobility scheme used is RandomDirection. The Dijkstra algorithm was chosen because it is very effective compared to other algorithms. The performance measured in this study is Quality of Service (QoS), which is a parameter that indicates the quality of data packets in a network. The measurement results obtained show that the QoS value in this study meets the parameters considered by the ITU-T G1010 with a delay value of 1.3 ms for data services and packet loss below 0.1%. When compared with the ITU-T standard, the delay and packet loss fall into the very good category.
Biocosmology - Multiverse, Life, and Consciousness
Authors: Sorli Amrit Srecko , Čelan Štefan
Published: April 2021

The evolution of life on the planet Earth is happening primarily in the universe and secondary on the Earth. We will examine in this article evolution of life as the cosmic phenomena. In our model multidimensional time-invariant superfluid quantum space that is the fundamental arena of the universe and represents about 95% of the energy in the universe has stable entropy. The increase of entropy happens only by about 5% of the energy in the universe that is in the form of matter. The evolution of life in our model is a process of matter organization into living systems that tends to develop towards the constant entropy of the time-invariant multidimensional quantum space. This process runs in the entire universe. The development of life into intelligent organisms is the universal process running throughout the entire universe.
Electrical Transport and Magnetic Properties of Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal Junctions Based on Anodized Metal Oxides
Authors: Zarzycki Arkadiusz , Chojenka Juliusz , Perzanowski Marcin , Marszalek Marta
Published: April 2021

In this paper we present magnetoelectric properties of metal/metal-oxide/metal junctions. We use Ti and Fe as metallic layers separated by the porous metal-oxides of iron or titanium formed with the anodization method. This allowed to prepare double junctions with at least one ferromagnetic layer. Here we show magnetoresistance and current-voltage characteristics of the junctions together with their magnetic characteristics. We found positive or negative magnetoresistance depending on junction composition. We discuss also the nature of differential resistance calculated from I-V characteristics. Our findings show that the strongest influence on observed behaviour has a top metallic layer and the interface between this layer and anodized oxide where strong interatomic diffusion is expected.
Coordinating Effect of VEGFC and Oleic Acid Drives Tumor Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Morfoisse Florent , De Toni Fabienne , Nigri Jeremy , Hosseini Mohsen , Zamora Audrey , Tatin Florence , Pujol Francoise , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Langin Dominique , Lacazette Eric , Prats Anne-Catherine , Tomasini Richard , Galitzky Jean , Bouloumié Anne , Garmy-Susini Barbara
Published: April 2021

In cancer, the lymphatic system is hijacked by tumor cells to escape from primary tumor and to metastasize to the sentinel lymph nodes. Tumor lymphangiogenesis is stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factors-C (VEGFC) after binding to its receptor VEGFR-3. However, how VEGFC cooperates with other molecules to promote lymphatic neovessels growth is not fully determined. Here, we found that tumor lymphangiogenesis developed in tumoral lesions and in their surrounding adipose tissue (AT). Interestingly, lymphatic vessel density correlated with an increase of circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in the lymph from tumor-bearing mice. We found that adipocyte-released FFA are uploaded by lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) to stimulate their sprouting. Lipidomic analysis identified the monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) as the major circulating FFA in the lymph in tumoral context. OA transporters FATP-3, -6 and CD36 were only upregulated on LEC in the presence of VEGFC showing a collaborative effect of these molecules. OA released from adipocytes is taken up by LECs to stimulate the fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to increase adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis. Our results provide new insights on the dialogue between tumors and adipocytes via the lymphatic system and identify a key role for adipocyte-derived FFA in the promotion of lymphangiogenesis, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities for inhibitors of lymphangiogenesis in cancer.
Simple Method for Cutoff Point Identification In Descriptive High-Throughput Biological Studies
Authors: Suvorov Alexander
Published: April 2021

Rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies generates an increasing interests in algorithms for cutoff point identification. Existing cutoff methods and tools identify cutoff points based on association of continuous variables with another variable, such as phenotype, disease state or treatment group. These approaches are not applicable for descriptive studies in which continuous variables are reported without known association with any biologically meaningful variables. The most common shape of the ranked distribution of continuous variables in high-throughput descriptive studies corresponds to a biphasic exponential/super-exponential curve, where the first phase includes big number of variables with values slowly growing with rank and the second phase includes smaller number of variables rapidly growing with rank. This study describes an easy algorithm to identify the boundary between these phases to be used as a cutoff point. The major assumption of that approach is that small number of variables with high values dominate biological system and determine its major processes and functions. This approach was tested on three different datasets: genes in the human cerebral cortex, mammalian genes sensitive to chemical exposures, and proteins expressed in human heart. In every case, the described cutoff identification method produced shortlists of variables (genes, proteins) highly relevant for dominant functions/pathways of the analyzed biological systems. Thus, our described method for cutoff identification may be used to prioritize variables for a focused functional analysis, in situations where other methods of dichotomization of data are inaccessible.
Multiple Observations for Secret-Key Binding with SRAM PUFs
Authors: Kusters Lieneke , Willems Frans M.J.
Published: April 2021

We present a new Multiple-Observations (MO) helper data scheme for secret-key binding to an SRAM PUF. This MO scheme binds a single key to multiple enrollment observations of the SRAM PUF. Performance is improved in comparison to classic schemes which generate helper data based on a single enrollment observation. The performance increase can be explained by the fact that the reliabilities of the different SRAM cells are modeled (implicitly) in the helper data. We prove that the scheme achieves secret-key capacity for any number of enrollment observations, and, therefore it is optimal. We evaluate performance of the scheme using Monte Carlo simulations, where an off-the-shelf LDPC code is used to implement the linear error-correcting code. Another scheme that models the reliabilities of the SRAM cells is the so-called Soft-Decision (SD) helper data scheme. The SD scheme considers the one-probabilities of the SRAM cells as an input, which in practice are not observable. We present a new strategy for the SD scheme that considers the binary SRAM-PUF observations as an input instead and show that the new strategy is optimal and achieves the same reconstruction performance as the MO scheme. Finally, we present a variation on the MO helper data scheme that updates the helper data sequentially after each successful reconstruction of the key. As a result, the error-correcting performance of the scheme is improved over time.
Luminance Degradation Compensation Based on Multi-Stream Self-Attention to Address Thin Film Transistor-Organic Light Emitting Diode Burn-in
Authors: Park Seongchel , Park Kwan-Ho , Chang Joon-Hyuk
Published: April 2021

In this study, we propose a deep learning algorithm that directly compensates for luminance degradation owing to the deterioration of organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices to address the burn-in phenomenon of OLED displays. Conventional compensation circuits are encumbered by a high cost of development and manufacturing processes owing to their complexity. However, given that deep learning algorithms are typically mounted on a system on chip (SoC), the complexity of the circuit design is reduced, and the circuit can be reused by re-learning only the changed characteristics of the new pixel device. The proposed approach comprises deep feature generation and multi-stream self-attention, which decipher the importance of the variables, and the correlation between burn-in-related variables. It also utilizes a deep neural network that identifies the nonlinear relationship between the extracted features and luminance degradation. Thereafter, the luminance degradation is estimated from the burn-in-related variables, and the burn-in phenomenon can be addressed by compensating for the luminance degradation. The experimental results revealed that compensation was successfully achieved within an error range of 2.69%, and demonstrate the potential of a new approach that can mitigate the burn-in phenomenon by directly compensating for pixel-level luminance deviation.
Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Liu Chung Ming Clara , Sesperez Kimberly , Ben-Sefer Eitan , Arpon David , McGrath Kristine , McClements Lana , Gentile Carmine
Published: April 2021

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation that is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion, however, that therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.
The Influence of Probiotics of Different Microbiological Composition on Histological Structure of the Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Nikiforov-Nikishin Alexei L. , Nikiforov-Nikishin Dimitri L. , Kochetkov Nikita I. , Smorodinskaya Svetlana V. , Klimov Victor A.
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the influence of three probiotic preparations of various microbiological composition: Bacillus subtilis (O1); Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (O2); Lactobacil-lus acidophilus (O3) on the growth process and histological structure of the organs of the gastroin-testinal tract of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss by morphometric parameters. The effect of the pro-biotic preparations led to the increase in fish growth and influenced different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract. The biggest change was found in the mid intestine and the reliable difference com-pared to the control was obtained at the following parameters: Lamina propria width, intraepithe-lial lymphocytes number of prismatic epithelium and goblet cells area. The changes in the pyloric appendages were less obvious but reported as playing an important functional role. The liver pre-served normal functional structure in all series of the experiment except for the probiotic group Lactobacillus acidophilus, where hepatocyte small-drop vacuolization was observed. That might be connected with the change of the digest activity resulting from a decrease in secretory activity of the intestinal exocrinocytes. The use of all the probiotic preparations led to the similar change in morphometric parameters, in all the groups it was possible to decrease the immune response.
Towards Scaling-up Photocatalytic Process for Multiphase Environmental Applications: A Review
Authors: Alalm Mohamed Gar , Djellabi Ridha , Meroni Daniela , Pirola Carlo , Bianchi Claudia L. , Boffito Daria Camilla
Published: April 2021

Recently, we have witnessed a booming development of composites and multi-dopant metal oxides to be employed as novel photocatalysts. Yet the practical application of photocatalysis for environmental purposes is still elusive. Concerns about the unknown fate and toxicity of nanoparticles, unsatisfactory performance in real conditions, mass transfer limitations and durability issues have so far discouraged investments in full-scale applications of photocatalysis. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the main challenges that are limiting large-scale application of photocatalysis in air and water/wastewater purification. We then discuss the main approaches reported in the literature to tackle these shortcomings, such as the design of photocatalytic reactors that retain the photocatalyst, the study of degradation of micropollutants in different water matrices, and the development of gas-phase reactors with optimized contact time and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide a critical analysis of research-practice gaps such as treatment of real water and air samples, degradation of pollutants with actual environmental concentrations, photocatalyst deactivation, and cost and environmental life-cycle assessment.
Relationship Between Glenoid Component Shift and Osteolysis After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ricchetti Eric T. , Jun Bong-Jae , Jin Yuxuan , Ho Jason C. , Patterson Thomas E. , Dalton Jarrod E. , Derwin Kathleen A. , Iannotti Joseph P.
Published: April 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate glenoid component position and radiolucency following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using sequential 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) analysis.

Methods:

In a series of 152 patients (42 Walch A1, 16 A2, 7 B1, 49 B2, 29 B3, 3 C1, 3 C2, and 3 D glenoids) undergoing anatomic TSA with a polyethylene glenoid component, sequential 3D CT analysis was performed preoperatively (CT1), early postoperatively (CT2), and at a minimum 2-year follow-up (CT3). Glenoid component shift was defined as a change in component version or inclination of ≥3° from CT2 to CT3. Glenoid component central anchor peg osteolysis (CPO) was assessed at CT3. Factors associated with glenoid component shift and CPO were evaluated.

Results:

Glenoid component shift occurred from CT2 to CT3 in 78 (51%) of the 152 patients. CPO was seen at CT3 in 19 (13%) of the 152 patients, including 15 (19%) of the 78 with component shift. Walch B2 glenoids with a standard component and glenoids with higher preoperative retroversion were associated with a higher rate of shift, but not of CPO. B3 glenoids with an augmented component and glenoids with greater preoperative joint-line medialization were associated with CPO, but not with shift. More glenoid component joint-line medialization from CT2 to CT3 was associated with higher rates of shift and CPO. A greater absolute change in glenoid component inclination from CT2 to CT3 and a combined absolute glenoid component version and inclination change from CT2 to CT3 were associated with CPO. Neither glenoid component shift nor CPO was associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

Postoperative 3D CT analysis demonstrated that glenoid component shift commonly occurs following anatomic TSA, with increased inclination the most common direction. Most (81%) of the patients with glenoid component shift did not develop CPO. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the relationships of glenoid component shift and CPO with loosening over time.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Simulation of Electromagnetic Field of a Powerful Electrical Machine
Authors: Hvalin D. I. , Kensytskyi O. H. , Kobzar K. O.
Published: April 2021

With the aid of mathematical and physical simulation the electromagnetic field distributions in the end zone of a powerful turbogenerator has been obtained. On the basis of the comparison of the axial component of the magnetic induction on the surface of the extreme package of the stator core of the large-scale physical and mathematical models with the data of the field experiment, conclusions are drawn about the reliability of the results obtained. The data of the simulation and the field experiment correspond to the same turbogenerator, which makes it possible to evaluate the correctness of the construction of the mathematical model. It is shown that physical modeling makes it possible to evaluate the regularities of the distribution of the electromagnetic field (without obtaining accurate quantitative indicators) and can be used for qualitative comparison of the effectiveness of various design solutions of the end zone of the stator. However, such models have not become widely used, since numerous studies are required to form meaningful and sufficiently detailed conclusions about the parameters and characteristics of the object, the design of the end zone of high-power generators is complex, and the calculation of three-dimensional models is time-consuming and even with modern computer technology is associated with a number of simplifying factors. In mathematical modeling, a sequential logical transition is applied from a simple model of the central part of the machine to a more complex model of the end zone using preliminary results, which makes it possible to obtain data on the distribution of the electromagnetic field in complex areas. With the help of specialized software, a model has been created that is quite flexible in terms of modifying individual components, characterized by accessibility, visibility and unlimited possibilities for experimentation, including predicting situations that have not previously occurred or can give unpredictable results.
Vacuum Pneumatic Transport for Industrial and Utility Components
Authors: Pekhota A. N. , Khroustalev B. M. , Akeliev V. D. , Mikhalchenko A. A.
Published: April 2021

Waste generation in the life of people and enterprises is an inevitable process today. The level of utilization of municipal waste has increased on average to 23 % in Belarus. The paper provides an assessment of the existing systems for the collection and disposal of waste solid household items based on  technological stages (preparation of waste for loading into a garbage collection vehicle; organization of temporary storage of waste in households, at enterprises; collection and removal of waste from the territories of households, organizations and enterprises; neutralization, processing and recycling of waste). The consequences of untimely collection of solid household and industrial waste are considered in the paper. The paper presents the factors that have a harmful effect on the human environment and the ecology of the territories of settlements and enterprises. An analysis of the effectiveness of the timely removal of such components in the systems of municipal services of cities and enterprises as an important component providing social, economic and environmental significance is given in the paper. At the present stage of the development of technology and available technologies, one of the most rational and economically justified ways of delivering waste to the areas for their sorting and processing is vacuum transportation using pipeline transport. Its application is justified for industrial zones and settlements with high and medium population density. Moreover, such a pipeline can be laid next to existing pipeline and other transport communications.
Analytical Rate-Transient Analysis and Production Performance of Waterflooded Fields with Delayed Injection Support
Authors: O'Reilly Daniel , Haghighi Manouchehr , Sayyafzadeh Mohammad , Flett Matthew
Published: April 2021

An approach to the analysis of production data from waterflooded oil fields is proposed in this paper. The method builds on the established techniques of rate-transient analysis (RTA) and extends the analysis period to include the transient- and steady-state effects caused by a water-injection well. This includes the initial rate transient during primary production, the depletion period of boundary-dominated flow (BDF), a transient period after injection starts and diffuses across the reservoir, and the steady-state production that follows. RTA will be applied to immiscible displacement using a graph that can be used to ascertain reservoir properties and evaluate performance aspects of the waterflood. The developed solutions can also be used for accurate and rapid forecasting of all production transience and boundary-dominated behavior at all stages of field life.

Rigorous solutions are derived for the transient unit mobility displacement of a reservoir fluid, and for both constant-rate-injection and constant-pressure-injection after a period of reservoir depletion. A simple treatment of two-phase flow is given to extend this to the water/oil-displacement problem.

The solutions are analytical and are validated using reservoir simulation and applied to field cases. Individual wells or total fields can be studied with this technique; several examples of both will be given. Practical cases are given for use of the new theory. The equations can be applied to production-data interpretation, production forecasting, injection-water allocation, and for the diagnosis of waterflood-performance problems.
Hydraulic-Fracture-Width Inversion Using Low-Frequency Distributed-Acoustic-Sensing Strain Data Part II: Extension for Multifracture and Field Application
Authors: Liu Yongzan , Jin Ge , Wu Kan , Moridis George
Published: April 2021

Low-frequency distributed-acoustic-sensing (LF-DAS) strain data are direct measurements of in-situ rock deformation during hydraulic-fracturing treatments. In addition to monitoring fracture propagation and identifying fracture hits, quantitative strain measurements of LF-DAS provide opportunities to quantify fracture geometries. Recently, we proposed a Green’s function–based algorithm for the inversion of LF-DAS strain data (Liu et al. 2020b) that shows an accurate estimation of fracture width near the monitor well with single-cluster completions. However, multicluster completions with tighter cluster spacings are more commonly adopted in recent completion designs. One main challenge in the inversion of LF-DAS strain data under such circumstances is that strain measurements at fracture-hit locations by LF-DAS are not reliable, which makes the individual contribution of each fracture to the measured strain data indistinguishable.

In this study, we first extended the inversion algorithm to handle multiple fractures, investigated the uncertainties of the inversion results, and proposed possible mitigation to the challenges raised by completion designs and field data acquisition through a synthetic case study. Ideally, there are available data on both sides of each fracture so that the inverted width of each fracture can be obtained with a negligible error. In reality, the strain data are usually limited, providing less constraint on the width of individual fracture. Nevertheless, the inversion results provide an accurate estimation of the width summation of all fractures. To evaluate the individual fracture width, a time-dependent constraint is added to the inversion algorithm. We assume that the width at the current timestep is dependent on the width at the previous step and the width variation between the two timesteps. The width variation can be roughly estimated from LF-DAS strain-rate data at the fracture-hit location. This extra constraint helps to improve the inversion performance. Finally, a field example is presented. We show the width summation of all fractures and the width of each individual fracture as a function of treatment time. The time-dependent width profiles show consistent trends with the LF-DAS strain-rate data. The calculated strains from the inverted model match well with the LF-DAS measured strain data. The findings demonstrate the potential of LF-DAS data for quantitative hydraulic-fracture characterization and provide insights on better use of LF-DAS data. The direct information on fracture width helps to calibrate fracturing models and optimize the completion designs.
Using Ecosystem Service Bundles to Evaluate Spatial and Tmporal Impacts of Large-scale Landscape Restoration on Ecosystem Services on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Hao , Fleskens Luuk , Schild Johanna , Moolenaar Simon , Wang Fei , Ritsema Coen
Published: April 2021

ContextFrom 1999 onwards, China has initiated a large-scale landscape restoration project on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has had profound but variable impacts on the local ecosystem services supply. There was less understood of land restoration impacts on the ecosystem services and dynamics of ecosystem services thoroughout the restoration process.ObjectivesTo to analyse the spatial and temporal dynamics in ecosystem services before and after the implementation of the land restoration project, and to understand trade-offs and synergies between multiple ecosystem services. MethodsWe used InVEST model and statistical yearbook data to quantify the ecosystem, the concept of ecosystem service bundles was applied to understand the dynamics of ecosystem services.ResultsA significant increase of fruit production, sediment retention, habitat quality, aesthetic landscape value, learning and inspiration value was found overtime in Yan’an area, while a decrease of timber production and water yield was also observed. The majority of ecosystem services bundles area were transformed from having a focus on timber production to aesthetic landscape value. The dynamics of ecosystem services change by land restoration was discovered, to start with increasing regulating services at expense of provisioning services, cultural services exceeding regulating services and occupied the main proportion subsequently.ConclusionBoth trade-offs and synergies were found between provisioning, regulating and cultural services, implementation of the large-scale restoration project is recognized as a key driving force inducing change of ecosystem services.
Simulation and Experimental Research on the Liquid Spreading Behavior in the Wire Sawn Kerf
Authors: Lin Lin , Huang Hui
Published: April 2021

The significance of liquid for abrasive wire sawing has been demonstrated by researchers with considerable studies. However, its performance in the spreading behavior is limited by the development trend of larger area wafer and narrower slicing kerf. Nevertheless, studies on the liquid spreading behavior in the wire sawing kerf are awfully limited. In this paper, a 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model was presented to simulate the liquid spreading behavior in the kerf. Where a VOF (Volume of Fluid) method with a CSF (Continuum Surface Force) model is used to simulate multiphase flow, and an empirical correlation for characterizing the liquid dynamic contact angle is introduced using UDF (User Defined Functions). Parametric simulations were performed on the kerf area, kerf width, liquid viscosity, liquid surface tension and liquid velocity at the inlet area of the kerf. Verification experiments are conducted for the validity of the simulation model. From both simulation and experimental results, three typical liquid spreading regimes in the kerfs are found, which perform distinct different effects on wire sawing. Moreover, the limiting conditions of the three spreading regimes are identified by non-dimensional analysis, then a prediction model is proposed for the liquid spreading regime, by given a set of Weber number and Capillary number. For wire sawing, the increase in the wafer area will not change the liquid spreading regime in the kerf, but the reduction of the kerf width will significantly hinder the liquid spreading behavior. By adjusting the physical properties and supply conditions of the liquid, the spreading regime can be effectively converted to facilitate wire sawing.