bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition and Intent-to-Participate of Rural Migrants on Urban and Rural Exchange Business in Namhae County, South Korea
Authors: Park Myeong Sik , Kim Inhea , Huh Keun Young , Bui Hai Dang
Published: July 2021

Background and objective Rural migrants are an important human resource in urban and rural exchange (URE) business, therefore it is necessary to enhance their awareness and intent-to-participate. This study was to analyze the rural migrants’ recognition and intent-to-participate of URE business and to propose the enhancement of them both. Methods The questionnaire was designed to analyze the socio-demographic background, motivations, satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-persist, and intent-to-participate of URE business including tourism. The data of 144 respondents was subject to the statistical analysis. Results The motives of migration were to enjoy leisure life after retirement, increased tiredness of city life, health problems, etc. The satisfaction with settlement was 3.67 at 5-point Likert scale. The intent-to-recommend and intent-to-publicize were 3.40 and 3.46, respectively. The intent-to-participate was 3.45, which was affected by the necessity of URE business and the support of central/local governments, and also showed a significant correlation with the satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-recommend, intent-to-publicize, tourism resources for green tourism or rural tourism, driving a car in Namhae county, and the service and price of meals. They thought the missions that the Namhae county office must focus on were to establish an internal/external public relations systems, establish a support system of central/local governments, and foster/support local leaders. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the satisfaction with settlement and intent-to-persist, expand exchanges with local people, improve internal/external public relations systems, foster/support leaders, improve transportation in the county, enhance the service and price of meals, and develop/operate URE programs including tourism.
Qualitative Content Analysis of Forest Healing Experience in Forest Life
Authors: Kang Hee Won , Lee Geo Lyong
Published: July 2021

Background and objective The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of healing experience for lifestyle and environmental diseases through life and activities in the forest from the perspecitive of critical realism, and how the causal power and mechanism of the healing experience relate to forest healing factors and programs. Methods 93 video data of people who started living in the forest for disease treatment were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method from the perspective of critical realism. Categories for analysis include general categories (age, duration, occupation, disease name), forest therapy categories (climate therapy, plant therapy, water therapy, diet therapy, kinesiotherapy, psychotherapy), and other categories (ecology, learning and management, life tools), etc., and the unit of analysis is the context unit. Results 1) The diseases that motivated life in the forest were digestive system diseases, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine system diseases, and various lifestyle-related diseases and environmental diseases in similar proportions. This indicates that forest life does not have specificity to respond to specific diseases, but provides treatment and recovery for all lifestyle and environmental diseases. 2) Among the forest therapies, climate therapy and plant therapy are related to the climatic and residential environment in the forest where ‘natural persons’ live. And others such as water therapy, diet therapy, kinesiotherapy, psychotherapy indicate the change from the lifestyle that caused the disease to the lifestyle for treatment and recovery. Conclusion Life and activities in the forest provide an environment for treatment and recovery in which the healing principles such as aromatherapy, nutritional and dietary therapy, kinesiotherapy, and emotional psychotherapy are integrated in the ‘real world’.
ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib: The Poetics of a Mythical Creature
Authors: Ron-Gilboa Guy
Published: July 2021

In early Arabic literature, ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib is the name of the quintessential mythical bird. The ʿAnqāʾ appears in a myriad of medieval sources of different genres: poetical, narrative, proverbial, scientific, philosophical, and mystical. This paper draws attention to the multiple ways in which this bird was represented and the functions it fulfilled in different literary contexts. It explores the intricate web of quotations, allusions, and literary innovations that facilitated its multifarious uses and re-uses. I explore the various manifestations of the ʿAnqāʾ to demonstrate the different and at times contradictory meanings ascribed to it and its diverse literary functions: as a creature of speculative zoology; as metaphor of scarcity or non-existence; as a metaphor of God; as a marker of fictionality; and more.
A new moss species from northwestern China: Bryum glacierum (Bryaceae)
Authors: LIU YONG-YING , QUAN YU-PING , WU YU-HUAN
Published: July 2021

The form of the gemmae appears to be constant within Bryum species, and it is an important character for distinguishing among closely related species. In this study, we describe a new species of Bryum, B. glacierum Y.Y. Liu & Y.H. Wu, that was collected from Tianshan Mountain in China along with a description of its gemmae. This species is distinguished morphologically by (1) gemmiforfm to julaceous shoots; (2) broadly ovate leaves, strongly concave, with obtuse to acuminate apex, plane and undifferentiated leaf margins, rhombic to rhomboidal distal and medial cells; and (3) dark red-brown, obconic or ovate bulbils with peg-like leaf primordia, densely clustered in the leaf axils of sterile shoots. The new moss species is currently known from two localities in northwestern China. The species seems to prefer high altitudes, growing as a pioneer mainly on ground exposed by retreating glaciers. The principal distinctive characters that separate Bryum glacierum from similar species of Bryum and Pohlia are discussed. An identification key for bulbiferous species of Bryum in China is provided.
Goniurosaurus chengzheng sp. nov., a new species of Leopard Gecko from Guangxi, China (Squamata: Eublepharidae)
Authors: ZHU XIAO-YU , LIU YI-JIAO , BAI YUN , ROMÁN-PALACIOS CRISTIAN , LI ZHENG , HE ZHU-QING
Published: July 2021

Six species of geckos in the genus Goniurosaurus have been recorded from Guangxi, China. Here we describe a new species, Goniurosaurus chengzheng sp. nov. The new species is similar to allied species from Guangxi, but unique in a combination of the following characters: (1) four body bands with three between limb insertions; (2) precloacal pores 20; (3) body color reddish- brown; (4) snout to eye distance: eye to ear distance < 1. We used the mitochondrial genes 16S and cytb to confirm the distinctiveness of the species and place it within a molecular phylogeny of Goniurosaurus. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Open Innovation and the Case for Community Model Development
Authors: Jacobs Neil A.
Published: July 2021

Despite having the largest associated research community and a rapidly growing private sector, the lack of a well-coordinated national research and development effort for U.S. numerical weather prediction continues to impede our ability to utilize more of the scientific and technical capacity of the nation more efficiently. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made toward developing a community-friendly Unified Forecast System (UFS) by embracing an open innovation approach that is mutually beneficial to the public, private, and academic sectors. Once fully implemented, the UFS has the potential to catalyze a significant increase in the efficacy of our nation’s weather, water, and climate science and prediction.
Examination of Optical Processes in The Atmosphere During Upper Air Soundings
Authors: Kochin A.V , Zagumennov F.A , Fomenko V.L
Published: July 2021

Improving the quality of weather forecasts and the reliability of climate research requires increasing the reliability of measurements. This paper presents results for optical sensors attached to radiosondes. These sensors can measure cloud-top height (CTH) with high accuracy, determine the presence of precipitation particles in clouds and the height of the boundary between the tropospheric and stratospheric air masses. These research findings are especially important in the Arctic, where the reliability of cloud data is poor, especially during polar nights. With the help of a visible range optical sensor, during the daytime, it is possible to measure CTH with an accuracy of 50 meters. Using data from an IR sensor it is possible to measure CTH both day and night. The paper also discusses the possibility of using optical sensors in an observational network. The results from this study could be useful for both weather forecasting and climate research.
From Legacy to Memory: Reckoning with Racial Violence at the National Memorial for Peace and Justice
Authors: Simko Christina
Published: July 2021

How are the legacies of violent pasts brought into collective memory? Even as social scientists have systematically documented the long shadow that racially motivated lynching has cast into the present, this history has had little place within dominant national narratives. Recently, however, the Equal Justice Initiative’s National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, has broken through the silence, attracting widespread attention and praise. This article examines how the memorial creatively adapts morally and emotionally resonant themes from dominant national narratives to bridge long-standing mnemonic cleavages between Black and white Americans. In addition, the article provides preliminary evidence that the legacies of racial violence are gaining a place in national memory.
Lives, Not Metadata: Recovery Methods for Digital Histories of Racial Violence
Authors: Martinez Monica Muñoz
Published: July 2021

This article discusses new digital research projects by historians, sociologists, and legal scholars that recover previously unrecorded cases of racist violence in the twentieth century and bring them into public view for the first time. New cases are expanding current understandings of the past by documenting lynchings, racially motivated homicides, police killings, church bombings, and nonlethal types of violence that have targeted multiple racial and ethnic groups. Early findings from these projects show that we only have a glimpse into widespread practices of racial terror in the United States. I argue for collecting broader sets of data about victims, surviving relatives, aggressors, and events in the aftermath of violence, because doing so will create new possibilities for studying widespread historical trauma, institutional traces of racist violence, and public understanding of increasingly urgent historical lessons. To keep the humanity of victims central to recovery efforts, I suggest that researchers can learn from community preservation and memorialization practices.
Achieving Health Equity by Addressing Legacies of Racial Violence in Public Health Practice
Authors: Hudson Darrell
Published: July 2021

Health equity means that everyone, regardless of their abilities, economic status, or race/ethnicity, has the opportunity to reach their optimal level of health. However, the inequitable distribution of resources, power, and privilege in the United States means that historically marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden of poor health and disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the problem for Black Americans: already bearing an unequal burden of social, economic, and health inequities and experiencing systemic racism in various sectors of American life, Black Americans have been at even greater risk of COVID-19 transmission and severity of the disease. I use critical race theory (CRT) to show how key social and historical factors fuel racial health inequities. Further, I use key tenets of CRT to argue that redressing historical legacies of racism cannot be done without using a critical, race conscious lens and lifting up the voices of Black people.
“To Make Some Extra Money”: Smuggling and black marketeering by Czechoslovak transport workers (1970s and 1980s)
Authors: Krátká Lenka
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on various forms of illegal and semi-illegal activities, mainly smuggling and black marketeering as experienced by transport workers during the 1970s and 1980s in former Czechoslovakia. It is based primarily on several dozens of oral history interviews recorded with people from river, sea, air, and road transport. The interview analysis (together with archival resources) shows that while there were significant differences in the scope and types of these “transactions” in various transport fields, the risks and benefits were very similar. The second part reflects on “negotiations” between the uses of the opportunity to obtain money and goods abroad (sometimes in semi-illegal or illegal ways) and the fear of losing this chance, and eventually of losing the job, which was one of the most common punishments. This was a great threat, often more for the very love of the profession than for material benefits.
Uncertainty in Faith, Fear of Death? Transitions in Religious Doubt and Death Anxiety in Later Life
Authors: Upenieks Laura
Published: July 2021

While religiosity is usually associated with lower death anxiety, holding doubts about one’s faith are associated with higher death anxiety. Using longitudinal data from the Religion, Aging, and Health Study (2001–2004), this study examines within-individual changes in religious doubt and death anxiety. Results from lagged dependent variable models suggest that compared to older adults who did not experience any doubt about their faith, those holding consistently high doubt or increasing or decreasing doubt reported greater death anxiety. Lingering religious doubt was associated with higher death anxiety among weekly religious attenders. Taken together, our findings suggest that being more assured in one’s faith and spiritual understanding may lead to a more peaceful experience when confronting thoughts about one’s own mortality, especially for older adults holding a stronger religious identity. We situate our findings within the literature on the “dark side” of religion and well-being in later life.
Evaluating quality of science in CGIAR research programs: Use of bibliometrics
Authors: Rünzel Max , Sarfatti Paolo , Negroustoueva Svetlana
Published: July 2021

When evaluating Quality of Science (QoS) in the context of development initiatives, it is essential to define adequate criteria. The objective of this perspective paper is to show how altmetric and bibliometric indicators have been used to support the evaluation of QoS in the 2020 Review of the Phase 2-CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs, 2017–2022), where, for the first time, the Quality of Research for Development (QoR4D) frame of reference has been utilized across the entire CGIAR CRP portfolio. Overall, the CRP review showed a significant output of scientific publications during the period 2017–2020, with 4,872 articles, 220,101 references, and 7.1 citations per article. Additionally, wider interest in scientific publications is demonstrated by good to high altmetrics, with average attention scores ranging from 70.8 to 806.9 with an average of 425.1. The use of selected bibliometrics was shown to be an adequate tool, for use together with other qualitative indicators to evaluate the QoS in the 12 CRPs. The CRP review process clearly demonstrated that standardized, harmonized and consistent data on research output is paramount to provide high-quality quantitative instruments and should be a priority throughout the transition toward One CGIAR. Therefore, we conclude that the QoR4D framework should be augmented by standardized bibliometric indicators embedded in measurement frameworks within the new One CGIAR. Finally, its practical utilization in monitoring and evaluation should be supported with clear guidelines.
Getting to the Sandbar: Understanding the Emotional Phases of COVID-19 Among College and University Students
Authors: Stowe Angela , Upshaw Kalani , Estep Claire , Lanzi Robin Gaines
Published: July 2021

This paper provides a framework for understanding the emotional and behavioral responses of college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Phases of Disaster Model and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Additionally, we conceptualize a new phase in the Phases of Disaster Model, which we refer to as the “Sandbar Phase,” to address the unique factors of COVID-19 for college and university students. For each phase, we discuss the expected timeline and the associated emotional reactions, behaviors, and applications of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs during COVID-19 for college and university students. Our proposed model aims to reveal short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of college and university students and be a resource in the development of effective mitigation efforts to diminish any psychological deficits as the result of future disasters and/or traumatic events.
Glocalizing ELT Reform in China: A Perspective from the Use of English in the Workplace
Authors: He Deyuan , Li David CS
Published: July 2021

With the largest number of English learners in the world, the influence of the English language teaching (ELT) reform in China cannot be underestimated. This article explores the implications of the actual use of English in China’s workplace for ELT reform in the context of English as a lingua franca (ELF). On the basis of cross-validated data (questionnaire survey and focused interview) collected from 2495 participants, we argue that ELT reform in China should be geared towards using English communicatively in ELF settings –that is, firstly, ELT curriculum and pedagogies should focus more broadly on improving students’ communication skills instead of narrowly measuring whether they have successfully adhered to lexico-grammatical accuracy pertaining to Standard English norms. Secondly, the native-speaker-based pedagogical model of ELT in China should be enriched with judiciously selected indigenized variants as long as meaning is not adversely affected. Last but not least, for ELT reforms to bear fruit, it is absolutely crucial to ensure a steady supply of properly trained and resourceful ELT teachers.
Christianization, the New Testament and COVID-19 in Owambo, Namibia
Authors: John Helen C.
Published: July 2021

This article explores religious and cultural responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Namibia, focusing particularly on the northern region of Owambo. Since the 1870s, Owambo has experienced a rapid and widespread process of Christianization. Today, the vast majority of the population (both in Owambo and in wider Namibia) identify as Christian. In this context, the supremacy of the Bible and Christianity was established, in no small part, through the instigation of cultural crisis – the upending of social norms and the demonization of African Traditional Religion (ATR) and local cultural practice. From foodstuffs to family structure, from initiation to forms of dress and adornment – the overtly ‘traditional’ became taboo. And yet, responses to the COVID-19 pandemic illustrate the endurance of ATR and demonstrate that the cultural ‘text’ is at least as significant as the biblical text in the current crisis, whether as sphere of impact or source of resilience. This article therefore reflects on responses to the current COVID-19 crisis in light of the historical cultural crisis, exploring how Christianity and ATR are perceived to be affected by COVID-19, and how communities are drawing on Christianity/the Bible and ATR as sources of resilience.
Complete response to immunotherapy in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Authors: Denaro Nerina , Merlano Marco , Numico Gianmauro , Garrone Ornella , Bossi Paolo
Published: July 2021

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is an uncommon aggressive tumor. Locally advanced disease is usually diagnosed at presentation. Multidisciplinary approach is essential and aims to ensure optimal trimodal strategy. Induction chemotherapy is preferred in order to select patients who will benefit from chemoradiotherapy or surgery. Immunotherapy is not indicated in patients with recurrent SNUC. We describe an impressive response in a young man previously treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and demolitive surgery who had metastatic bone and lung disease. We also report data on PD-L1, next-generation sequencing, and neutrophil/platelets ratio.
A statistical Time-Of-Use tariff based wind resource clustering approach using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: van Vuuren Chantelle Y Janse , Vermeulen Hendrik J , Groch Matthew
Published: July 2021

The optimized siting of grid-scale renewable generation is a viable technique to minimize the variable component of the electricity generation portfolio. This process, however, requires simulated meteorological datasets, and consequently, significant computational power to perform detailed studies. This is particularly true for countries with large geographic areas. Clustering is a viable data reduction technique that can be utilized to reduce the computational burden. This work proposes the use of Self-Organizing Maps to partition high-dimensional wind speed data using statistical features derived from Time-Of-Use tariff periods. This approach is undertaken with the view towards the optimization of wind farm siting for grid-support objectives where tariff incentivization is the main driver. The proposed approach is compared with clusters derived using Self-Organizing Maps with the temporal wind speed data for the input feature set. The results show increased cluster granularity, superior validation results and decreased execution time when compared with the temporal clustering approach.
Multimorbidity and Social Participation Is Moderated by Purpose in Life and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Luster Jamie E. , Ratz David , Wei Melissa Y.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We examined the association between multimorbidity and social participation and whether purpose in life and life satisfaction moderate this relationship.

Methods

Participants were 12,825 Health and Retirement Study adults. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association between a cumulative-updated multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI) and social participation.

Results

Among adults with average purpose in life or life satisfaction, MWI was associated with lower social participation. For those with above average purpose in life, each 1-point increase in MWI was associated with a 0.11-point (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.07, 0.14]) better social participation score. Participants with above average life satisfaction experienced a 0.04-point (95% CI: [0.02, 0.07]) better social participation score with each 1-point increase in MWI.

Discussion

Multimorbidity was associated with worse social participation, but this was reversed by above average purpose in life and life satisfaction. Interventions that improve well-being should be assessed to enhance social participation among older adults with any degree of multimorbidity.
Characterization of vibration and noise pollution of SI engine fueled with magnetized ethanol–gasoline blends by time–frequency methods
Authors: Faraji Hosna , Heidarbeigi Kobra , Samadi Sadegh
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of magnetized ethanol–gasoline fuel blends on the vibration and sound status of a single-cylinder gasoline engine. Totally 36 tests were conducted including two factors: ethanol (blended by gasoline with share of 0, 5, 10, and 20%) and magnetic field intensity (0, 5300, and 7000 G) at three replications as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. The sound signals of the engine at 10 cm distance from the driver’s ear were recorded and its engine vibration was measured in Z direction. The results of statistical analysis of vibration and sound data showed significant effects of both factors on the vibration and sound signals. The maximum sound pressure level with averages of 88.41 belonged to pure gasoline and magnetic intensity of 7000 G and minimum value (78.94 dB) belonged to 10% ethanol in the blended fuel and magnetic intensity of 5300 G. The driver can operate the engine for 10–20% ethanol shares with all studied magnetic intensities without use of any ear protector. In the presence of magnetic field, vibration decreased by increasing ethanol up to 10%. The maximum amount of vibration in frequency domain obtained without using magnetic field. For 5300 G magnetic intensity, the least amount of vibration was observed for all frequencies.
A methodological approach to acquire high-quality spectra on milk protein concentrate using a Near Infrared (NIR) transflectance probe
Authors: Pu Yuanyuan , Marín Dolores Pérez , O’Shea Norah , Garrido-Varo Ana
Published: July 2021

This article introduces the project NIR4Dairy and presents the studies currently undertaken. Based on an industry partner’s interest, one of the research objectives is to quantify the lactose content of milk protein concentrate in a very low lactose concentration range (e.g. 0.07–0.3%), using a Near Infrared (NIR) transflectance probe connected to a Fourier Transform-Near Infrared (FT-NIR) instrument. An approach to acquire high-quality and repeatable spectra of milk protein concentrate is reported.
Race, transnational militarism, and neocoloniality: The politics of the THAAD deployment in South Korea
Authors: Moon Seungsook
Published: July 2021

This article explores the neglected connection between race and militarism by focusing on a US missile defense system deployed in South Korea. In September of 2017, the two countries installed the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system in a rural village. Manufactured by Lockheed Martin, this missile defense system was to protect South Korea from attacks by North Korea. The system is integral to US global military strategy, but from the perspective of human security, its benefits are dubious at best. By drawing on a theory of the ‘racial state’ and critical studies of the US empire-state, the article examines two fundamental practices of the neocolonial military relation between the two states: wartime Operational Control of the South Korean military and extraterritoriality of US bases in South Korea. It argues that these neocolonial practices in which the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system deployment is embedded reflect ‘the historicist racial ruling’ that denies self-rule for Koreans and its internalization by Koreans who support the unequal military relation. It also analyzes how the South Korean racial state promotes internal homogeneity and otherizes North Korea to bolster national security through the missile defense system.
Winged Victory: How the Great War Ended: The evolution of Giulio Douhet’s theory of strategic bombing
Authors: Haun Phil
Published: July 2021

A war’s conclusion can impact strategic thinking even when the outcome is misinterpreted or an outlier. For a century, Giulio Douhet in Command of the Air, 1921 and a 1926 revision, has been the prophet for the utilitarian morality of bombing cities to gain decisive victory. His earlier work, Winged Victory: How the Great War Ended, written in 1918, has been ignored where he argued for the interdiction of enemy lines of communication. His theory changes by how the Great War ends with the collapse of the German population’s will. Had it ended differently, he could have reached a different conclusion that could have impacted the development of air power theory in the twentieth century.
Functional Effectiveness of Commodity Futures Market: A Comparative Assessment of Agricultural and Metal Commodities
Authors: Rout Bhabani Sankar , Das Nupur Moni , Rao K. Chandrasekhara
Published: July 2021

The study focuses on examining the price discovery process, short run disturbances and hedging mechanism of agricultural and metal commodities futures market for the period January 2010 to December 2018. Contango and normal backwardation have also been taken into deliberation for select commodities which are traded in MCX and NCDEX, India which is a valuable addition to the existing body of literature in derivatives market. Johansen’s co-integration, VECM, Granger causality test and OLS are employed for understanding the price discovery and constant hedging for select commodities. Further, existence contango and normal backwardation have been observed by comparing the spot and futures prices. It has been found that spot market is acting as a leader in the longer period and laggard in short run investors can be benefitted to take short run or long run investment decision.
Contribution of the ACE (rs1799752) and CYP11B2 (rs1799998) Gene Polymorphisms to Atrial Fibrillation in the Tunisian Population
Authors: Gouissem Ilhem , Midani Fatma , Soualmia Hayet , Bouchemi Meryem , Ouali Sana , Kallele Ameni , Romdhane Neila Ben , Mourali Mohamed Sami , Feki Moncef
Published: July 2021

Background:

This study investigated the association of angiotensin–converting enzyme (ACE I/D) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2-344C/T) gene polymorphisms in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Tunisian population.

Materials and Methods:

The study population included 120 patients with AF and 123 age-matched controls. Genotyping of the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and the -344C/T polymorphism in the CYP11B2 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively.

Results:

The genotype distribution of the ACE I/D and CYP11B2-344C/T polymorphisms was significantly different between AF patients and control participants ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.006 respectively). In addition, ACE I/D increased the risk of AF significantly by 3.41-fold for the DD genotype (OR = 3.41; 95% CI [1.39–8.34]; p < 0.007), and after adjusting for confounding factors (age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), the risk was higher (OR = 5.71; 95% CI [1.48–21.98]; p < 0.01). Likewise, the CYP11B2-344C/T polymorphism increased the incidence of AF for the TT genotype (OR = 3.66; 95% CI [1.62–8.27]; p < 0.002) and the CT genotype (OR = 2.68; 95% CI [1.22–5.86]; p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia), the risk remained higher for the TT genotype (OR = 3.58; 95% CI [1.08–11.77]; p < 0.03). Furthermore, the haplotype–based association of the ACE I/D and CYP11B2-344C/T polymorphisms showed that the D-T haplotype increased the risk for AF.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests a significant association of the ACE (I/D) and CYP11B2-344C/T polymorphisms with AF in the Tunisian population.
Luhmann's theory of psychic systems and communication in social work practice
Authors: Rodger John J
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to increase interest in the social systems theory of Niklas Luhmann among practicing social workers. The enigmatic statement from Luhmann that only ‘communication can communicate’ is explained with reference to his autopoietic systems theory which identifies three distinct types of systems: systems of communication, systems of life and systems of consciousness. The article proceeds to describe the meaning and nature of autopoietic systems before discussing the place of the individual in Luhmann’s theory and how it is relevant for practicing social workers. The concepts of psychic systems, structural coupling and communicative codes are described and discussed.

Findings

The conceptual framework derived from Luhmann’s systems theory is applied to a description of the social worker/client encounter. Communication in social work practice is polyphonic: it is structured by a hybrid of communicative codes which the practitioner must draw on depending on the auspices of the communicative context. The key conclusion of the article is that Luhmann retains a conception of the individual as an active agent in systems theory aiming ‘noise’ at the function systems with which the individual interacts.

Applications

The article suggests that the systems perspective presented provides social workers with a useful and nuanced framework for reflective practice because it makes the components of the practice system explicit and visible.
Embodied graffiti and street art research
Authors: Fransberg Malin , Myllylä Mari , Tolonen Jonna
Published: July 2021

Graffiti and street art research (GSAR) has become more acknowledged within the academic discourse; however, it has much to gain from theorising its methodological aspects. As a multidisciplinary field, GSAR has mostly used qualitative research methods, exploring urban space through methods that range from visual recordings to ethnography, emphasising the researchers’ reflexivity. This qualitative approach has, however, paid little attention to the role of embodied practices. In this paper we discuss how embodied methodologies provide multisensory research results where the experienced moments, the participant’s and researcher’s senses, cognition and mobility in urban spaces are connected. Our discussion draws on the authors’ fieldwork experiences of walking and edge working, and on the literature concerning embodiment and embodied methodology related to the context of GSAR.
Restorative Justice for Survivors of Sexual Violence Experienced in Adulthood: A Scoping Review
Authors: Burns Courtney Julia , Sinko Laura
Published: July 2021

Sexual violence (SV) is a widespread human rights issue. Survivors of SV often experience profound dehumanization and poor health outcomes when their trauma is not properly addressed, rendering it critical that they are honored and empowered within subsequent processes of healing and seeking justice. With adjudication through the criminal legal system largely underutilized due to retraumatization, scrutiny from law enforcement professionals, and high rates of case closure, restorative justice (RJ) has emerged as a promising option for survivors to repair harm and experience accountability. Little is known, however, regarding the best practices for its use in cases of SV. To meet this need, a scoping review was conducted to identify the best practices for the implementation of RJ after instances of SV experienced in adulthood. Following the search methodology outlined by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for scoping reviews, 15 articles met search criteria, including four empirical studies and 11 nonempirical research materials spanning five academic disciplines. Best practices and structures for RJ were subsequently identified, including key phases for appropriate implementation. This review can be used to create increasingly productive RJ processes for SV survivors, which is particularly important for those coming from marginalized communities facing structural inequities, as well as survivors on university campuses. As researchers, we have the power to use science to propel society toward the creation of more efficacious healing spaces for survivors of SV, and optimizing safe RJ processes plays a key role in bringing this to fruition.
Transplantation of Bone Marrow Cells Preactivated With Sodium Nitroprusside Improves Acute Wound Healing in Rabbits
Authors: Fatima Nazira , Saleem Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The development of wound healing impairment mainly represents challenging clinical problems. The less and high concentrations of nitric oxide can influence angiogenesis, remodeling, and proliferation of skin cells. Delayed acute wounds generally have failed to progress via the normal stages of healing. Such wounds usually enter a state of pathological inflammation due to a postponed, incomplete, and uncoordinated healing process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of normal bone marrow cells (BMCs) and preconditioning of BMCs with minimum concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) solution for acute wound healing. For acute wound healing, full-thickness dorsal wounds were created on rabbits. The acute wound of rabbits was treated with BMCs and preactivated BMCs with NaNP. Histological results showed that BMCs preactivated with NaNP could improve collagen deposition, enhanced reepithelization, and decreased inflammatory infiltration. Overall, BMCs treated with NaNP can help to improve acute wound healing in rabbits. The result strongly confirmed the beneficial effect in augmenting the wound healing process. The combination of BMCs with NaNP was safe and convenient for acute wound healing.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Robotic Surgery for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Saito Kentaro , Yamaoka Yusuke , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Hino Hitoshi , Manabe Shoichi , Kato Shunichiro , Hanaoka Marie
Published: July 2021

Background. The optimal radical surgical approach for rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is unknown. Methods. This study evaluated the short- and long-term outcomes of 27 patients who underwent robotic radical surgery for rectal NET between 2011 and 2019. Results. The median distance from the lower border of the tumor to the anal verge was 5.0 cm. The median tumor size was 9.5 mm. Six patients (22%) had lymph node metastasis. The incidences of postoperative complications of grade II and grade III or more according to the Clavien–Dindo classification were 11% and 0%, respectively. All patients underwent sphincter-preserving surgery, and no patients required conversion to open surgery. The median follow-up time was 48.9 months, and both the 3-year overall survival and relapse-free survival rates were 100%. Conclusions. Short- and long-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal NET tumor were favorable. Robotic surgery may be a useful surgical approach for rectal NET.
Vascularized ulnar periosteal pedicled flap for forearm nonunion in children
Authors: Barrera-Ochoa Sergi , Sapage Rita , Alabau-Rodriguez Sergi , Muñoz-Perdomo Tryno , Knörr Jorge , Soldado Francisco
Published: July 2021

We report our experience with the use of a vascularized ulnar periosteal pedicled flap to treat forearm nonunion in children. Seven children underwent surgical treatment of radial diaphysis nonunion with this technique. The mean duration of nonunion prior to the flap was 9 months. Significant postoperative improvements were observed in pain severity (mean visual analogue scale score of 0.6), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (mean score of 7.1) and grip strength (89% higher than preoperative status). Union was achieved in all patients, with a mean time to union of 3 months. One patient developed distal radioulnar synostosis as a postoperative complication. A vascularized ulnar periosteal pedicled flap is a reliable and versatile technique for treating forearm nonunion in children, associated with both good outcomes and low donor morbidity.

Level of evidence: IV
Reliability and concurrent validity of the PUSH Band™ 2.0 to measure barbell velocity during the free-weight and Smith machine squat exercises
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Ramos Amador , Gijón-Nieto Luis Miguel , Marcos-Blanco Aitor , García-Pinillos Felipe
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the PUSH Band™ 2.0 to measure barbell’s velocity during unconstrained (free-weights) and constrained (Smith machine) squat exercises. After an initial assessment of the Smith machine squat one-repetition maximum (1RM), 24 resistance-trained males completed one or two testing sessions separated by 7 days. In one session, the squat was performed with free-weights ( n = 22), while in another session, the Smith machine was used ( n = 16). Both testing sessions consisted of two blocks of eight repetitions (three repetitions at 45%1RM, three repetitions at 65%1RM, and two repetitions at 85%1RM). The mean velocity of the lifting phase was simultaneously recorded with the PUSH Band™ 2.0 and a gold-standard linear velocity transducer (T-Force® System). The PUSH Band™ 2.0 generally revealed an acceptable reliability (CVrange = 5.81%–13.14%), but the reliability was always greater for the T-Force® System (CVrange = 2.95%–7.86%). Regardless of the squat exercise, the concurrent validity of the PUSH Band™ 2.0 with respect to the T-Force® System was generally low at 45%1RM (ESrange = 0.18–0.33; rrange = 0.58–0.75; SEErange = 0.04–0.05 ms−1 and 4.2%–6.0%), 65%1RM (ESrange = 0.26–0.44; rrange = 0.63–0.82; SEErange = 0.04–0.06 ms−1 and 6.0%–9.2%), and 85%1RM (ESrange = 0.61–0.64; rrange = 0.66–0.82; SEErange = 0.05–0.07 ms−1 and 11.4%–16.0%). Taken together, these results suggest that the PUSH Band™ 2.0 is a reliable, but not valid, wearable technology to measure the barbell velocity during the free-weight and Smith machine squat exercises.
Systemic therapy in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: current practice and perspectives
Authors: Lellouche Lisa , Palmieri Lola-Jade , Dermine Solène , Brezault Catherine , Chaussade Stanislas , Coriat Romain
Published: July 2021

Major breakthroughs have been achieved in the management of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil + irinotecan + oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel approved as a first-line therapy, although the prognosis is still poor. At progression, patients who maintain a good performance status (PS) can benefit from second-line chemotherapy. To address the concern of achieving tumor control while maintaining a good quality of life, maintenance therapy is a concept that has now emerged. After a FOLFIRINOX induction treatment, maintenance with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) seems to offer a promising approach. Although not confirmed in large, prospective trials, gemcitabine alone as a maintenance therapy following induction treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel could be an option, while a small subset of patients with a germline mutation of breast cancer gene ( BRCA) can benefit from the polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. The rate of PDAC with molecular alterations that could lead to a specific therapy is up to 25%. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved larotrectinib for patients with any tumors harboring a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase ( NTRK) gene fusion, and pembrolizumab for patients with a mismatch repair deficiency in a second-line setting, including PDAC. Research focused on targeted therapy and immunotherapy is active and could improve patients’ outcomes in the near future.
Diabetes Technology Experiences Among Latinx and Non-Latinx Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tsai David , Flores Garcia Jaquelin , Fogel Jennifer L. , Wee Choo Phei , Reid Mark W. , Raymond Jennifer K.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM), have been associated with improved glycemic control and increased quality of life for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, few young people use these devices, especially those from minority ethnic groups. Current literature predominantly focuses on white patients with private insurance and does not report experiences of diverse pediatric patients with limited resources.

Methods:

To explore potential differences between Latinx and non-Latinx patients, English- and Spanish-speaking young people with T1D ( n = 173, ages 11-25 years) were surveyed to assess attitudes about and barriers to diabetes technologies using the Technology Use Attitudes and Barriers to Device Use questionnaires.

Results:

Both English- and Spanish-speaking participants who identified as Latinx were more likely to have public insurance ( P = .0001). English-speaking Latinx participants reported higher Hemoglobin A1c values ( P = .003), less CGM use ( P = .002), and more negative attitudes about technology (generally, P = .003; and diabetes-specific, P < .001) than either non-Latinx or Spanish-speaking Latinx participants. Barriers were encountered with equivalent frequency across groups.

Conclusions:

Latinx English-speaking participants had less positive attitudes toward general and diabetes technology than Latinx Spanish-speaking and non-Latinx English-speaking peers, and differences in CGM use were associated with socioeconomic status. Additional work is needed to design and deliver diabetes interventions that are of interest to and supportive of patients from diverse ethnic and language backgrounds.
Modeling Future Potential Distribution of Buff-Bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia yucatanensis) Under Climate Change: Species vs. Subspecies
Authors: Vásquez-Aguilar Antonio Acini , Ornelas Juan Francisco , Rodríguez-Gómez Flor , Cristina MacSwiney G. M.
Published: July 2021

Global climate change is associated with changes in precipitation patterns and an increase in extreme weather events, which might shift the geographic distribution of species. Despite the importance of this topic, information is lacking for many species, particularly tropical birds. Here, we developed species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate future projections of the distribution of the widespread Buff-bellied Hummingbird ( Amazilia yucatanensis) and for each of the recognized subspecies ( A. y. yucatanensis, A. y. cerviniventris, A. y. chalconota), under climate change scenarios. Using SDMs we evaluate current and future projections of their potential distribution for four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) for the years 2050 and 2070. We also calculated the subspecies climatic niche breadth to test the relationship between their area of distribution and climatic niche breadth and their niche overlap. Future climate-change models suggested a small increase in the potential distribution of the species and the subspecies A. y. yucatanensis, but the predicted potential geographic range decreased in A. y. chalconota and remained unaffected in A. y. cerviniventris. The climatic niche of A. y. cerviniventris contained part niche space of A. y. yucatanensis and part of A. y. chalconota, but the climatic niches of A. y. yucatanensis and A. y. chalconota did not overlap. Our study highlights the importance of correctly choosing the taxonomic unit to be analyzed because subspecies will respond in a different manner to future climate change; therefore, conservation actions must consider intrinsic requirements of subspecies and the environmental drivers that shape their distributions.