ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ КЛАСТЕРОВ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Напольских Д.Л. 
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрены текущее состояние и перспективные направления развития кластеров технологий искусственного интеллекта на территории российских регионов. Выделены основные формы кластеризации компаний-разработчиков и пользователей технологий искусственного интеллекта в России и зарубежных странах, определены специфические функции кластеров искусственного интеллекта. Предложена схема согласования механизмов поддержки инновационных проектов в области искусственного интеллекта в рамках инновационных кластеров. Выделены формы институционализации экономических связей и отношений, возникающих на стадии формирования кластеров искусственного интеллекта.

Introduction. End-to-end innovative technologies, which include artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, are becoming a key factor in the transformation of the modern global system of production distribution. AI technologies are a powerful driver of achieving the goals of sustainable socio-economic development, acting as cross-cutting for most new markets and a basis for the digital transformation of public and municipal administration. Today, the external economic conditions create prerequisites for improving the forms and mechanisms of managing the processes of AI cluster development. At the same time, achieving global competitiveness in the field of artificial intelligence involves not only the intensification of the investment policy of the state and business, but also the creation of special innovative environments that attract highly qualified personnel and new ideas. The purpose of the study is to determine the main forms, features and promising areas of the development of AI clusters in Russia. Research methodology. The research objectives set required the application of such general theoretical research methods as abstraction and concretization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and opposition. Methodological tools of such schools of thought as economic geography and regional economics were used. The accomplishment of the above research tasks requires the use of the following scientific methods: historical, economic and statistical, comparative and system analysis. Conclusions. Russian AI clusters are characterized by significant differences both in the level of their institutional development and in the clustering process model itself. The following types of the formation of AI clusters in the Russian Federation have been identified: (1) formation of innovative territorial clusters traditional for Russia; innovative territorial clusters are formed on the basis of the existing scientific and educational infrastructure and large-scale manufacturing in related industries; (2) implementation of сluster initiatives in the field of AI as a new direction of development of the functioning intersectoral innovation clusters (multiclusters); (3) development of cluster-type structures at the national level, which are an institutionalized form of network interaction between developers and users of AI technologies, a platform for expert support and discussion of cluster initiatives and AI startups; examination of regulatory legal acts and regulatory mechanisms.