bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Solar Energetic Particle Event Peak Proton Intensity Using a Simple Algorithm Based on CME Speed and Direction and Observations of Associated Solar Phenomena
Authors: Richardson I. G. , Mays M. L. , Thompson B. J.
Published: October 2018

We assess whether a formula obtained by Richardson et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207‐014‐0524‐8) relating the peak intensity of 14‐ to 24‐MeV protons in a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at 1 AU to the solar event location and the speed of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) may be used in a scheme to predict the intensity of an SEP event at any location at this heliocentric distance. Starting with all 334 CMEs in the CCMC/SWRC DONKI database in October 2011 to July 2012, we use the CME speed and direction to predict the proton intensity at Earth and the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft using this formula. Since most (∼85%) of these CMEs were not in fact associated with SEP events, many SEP events are predicted that are not actually observed. Such cases may be reduced by considering whether type II or type III radio emissions accompany the CMEs, or by selecting faster, wider CMEs. This method is also applied to predict the SEP intensities associated with ∼1,100 CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph during 1997–2006 in solar cycle 23. Various skill scores are calculated, which assess different aspects of the skill of the SEP predictions. We conclude that the Richardson et al. (2014) formula has potential as a simple empirical SEP intensity prediction tool.
Creative Genius as Causal Agent in History: William James's 1880 Theory Revisited and Revitalized
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith
Published: October 2018

Near the onset of his illustrious career, the psychologist William James proposed a theory of how individual genius can exert a unique and enduring causal impact on the history of civilization. After first attacking the prevailing view that sociocultural determinism rendered individual creators and leaders mere epiphenomena, James argued that the causal effect of the genius paralleled that of the spontaneous variation or mutation in the theory of evolution by natural selection. Although his specific arguments suffer severe problems even from the standpoint of his own theory, current psychological research on creativity and genius indicate how his basic thesis can be revised and updated with respect to creative genius. This revision and updating concentrates specifically on what is known about the behavioral productivity, thinking processes and procedures, personality characteristics, and early developmental experiences in highly creative individuals. These modern enhancements then lead to the integrated discussion of Jamesian free will and the causal agency of the creative genius. The net result is a revitalized theory of how it even becomes possible for single individuals to make creative choices that not only may cause changes in their own lives, but also alter the course of world history.
Wdr13 and streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: Mishra Arun Prakash , Yedella Komala , Lakshmi Jyothi B. , Siva Archana B.
Published: October 2018

Type I diabetes, though contributes to only 5–10% of total diabetes cases, is a rising concern in today’s world. Our previous studies have shown that the absence of WDR13 in mouse results in pancreatic β-cell hyper-proliferation. Also, amelioration of the diabetic phenotype on introgression of Wdr13-null (Wdr13-/0) mutation in genetically diabetic mice (Leprdb/db) [type II diabetes] was observed. It was thus, interesting to see the role of WDR13 in streptozotocin-mediated diabetes in mice, a model for type I diabetes. Wdr13-/0 mice along with its wild type (Wdr13+/0 mice) littermates were administered streptozotocin intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. Blood glucose levels and body weights of these mice were monitored for subsequent 5 weeks and then they were sacrificed for physiological and histological analyses. Results showed that Wdr13-/0 mice exhibited higher serum insulin levels, better glucose clearance and significantly higher number of proliferating β-cells; reiterating the finding that absence of WDR13 helps in β-cell hyper-proliferation and recovery from diabetes; further underscoring WDR13 as a key target molecule for diabetes treatment/amelioration.
Transmembrane transport and stress response genes play an important role in adaptation of Arabidopsis halleri to metalliferous soils
Authors: Sailer Christian , Babst-Kostecka Alicja , Fischer Martin C. , Zoller Stefan , Widmer Alex , Vollenweider Pierre , Gugerli Felix , Rellstab Christian
Published: October 2018

When plants adapt to local environments, strong signatures of selection are expected in the genome, particularly in high-stress environments such as trace metal element enriched (metalliferous) soils. UsingArabidopsis halleri, a model species for metal homeostasis and adaptation to extreme environments, we identifid genes, gene variants, and pathways that are associated with soil properties and may thus contribute to adaptation to high concentrations of trace metal elements. We analysed whole-genome Pool-seq data from two metallicolous (from metalliferous soils) and two non-metallicolous populations (in total 119 individuals) and associated allele frequencies of the identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with soil variables measured on site. Additionally, we accounted for polygenic adaptation by searching for gene pathways showing enrichment of signatures of selection. Out of >2.5 million SNPs, we identified 57 SNPs in 19 genes that were significantly associated with soil variables and are members of three enriched pathways. At least three of these candidate genes and pathways are involved in transmembrane transport and/or associated with responses to various stresses such as oxidative stress. We conclude that both allocation and detoxification processes play a crucial role inA. hallerifor coping with these unfavourable conditions.
“FlashMap” - A Semi-Automatic Tool for Rapid and Accurate Spatial Analysis of Marker Expression in the Subventricular Zone
Authors: Zweifel Stefan , Buquet Julie , Caruso Lorenzo , Rousseau David , Raineteau Olivier
Published: October 2018

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region of ongoing postnatal germinal activity that shows complex spatial heterogeneity. For instance, different SVZ microdomains contain neural stem cells that express distinct transcription factors and generate different glial and neuronal progenies. These unique characteristics call for the development of new methods to integrate a spatial dimension to histological analyses performed in this germinal region. We developed “FlashMap”, a semi-automatic software that allows the segmentation and rapid measurement of optical densities throughout the full SVZ coordinates. “FlashMap” generates easily readable two-dimensional heatmaps that can be superimposed onto three-dimensional reconstructions of the ventricular system for optimal spatial exploration. Accurate heatmaps can be obtained, even following serial section subsampling thereby reducing the amount of tissue and time required for histological analysis. We first illustrate the potential of “FlashMap” by spatially exploring the correlation of SVZ thickness and cellular density with germinal activity throughout its rostro-caudal coordinates. We then used “FlashMap” to analyse the spatial expression of the transcription factors Dlx2, Tbr2 and Hopx as well as of the immature neuronal marker Dcx, to demonstrate the suitability of this approach to explore the regional production of cells of distinct lineages by defined SVZ microdomains.
Potential influence of temperature and precipitation on preterm birth rate in Puerto Rico
Authors: Yu Xue , Feric Zlatan , Cordero José F. , Meeker John D. , Alshawabkeh Akram
Published: October 2018

The preterm birth (PTB) rate for singletons born in the tropical Caribbean island Puerto Rico increased from 11.3% in 1994, which was comparable to rates in the U.S., to as high as 18.3% in 2006 before decreasing to 15.5% in 2012. A few studies have reported that weather extremes are associated with higher risk of preterm birth, however, the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation has not been well examined in Puerto Rico. We compiled child birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics and weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from 1994 to 2012. We explored the association between the weather factors and PTB rates with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). We did not find direct association of lagged effect of temperature on birth outcome over monthly timescales. Both high intensity and frequency of precipitation and high frequency of storm and flood events are associated with increased risk of PTB rates. While the weather factors do not explain the marked increase and decrease in PTB rate, we emphasize the negative effects on PTB from weather extremes particularly precipitation in Puerto Rico.
Lens-free microscopy for 3D + time acquisitions of 3D cell culture
Authors: Berdeu Anthony , Laperrousaz Bastien , Bordy Thomas , Mandula Ondrej , Morales Sophie , Gidrol Xavier , Picollet-D’hahan Nathalie , Allier Cédric
Published: October 2018

Thanks to a novel three-dimensional imaging platform based on lens-free microscopy, it is possible to perform multi-angle acquisitions and holographic reconstructions of 3D cell cultures directly into the incubator. Being able of reconstructing volumes as large as ~5 mm3 over a period of time covering several days, allows us to observe a broad range of migration strategies only present in 3D environment, whether it is single cell migration, collective migrations of cells and dispersal of cells. In addition we are able to distinguish new interesting phenomena, e.g. large-scale cell-to-matrix interactions (>1 mm), fusion of cell clusters into large aggregate (~10,000 µm2) and conversely, total dissociation of cell clusters into clumps of migrating cells. This work on a novel 3D + time lens-free microscopy technique thus expands the repertoire of phenomena that can be studied within 3D cell cultures.
The G-quadruplex fluorescent probe 3,6-bis(1-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium) carbazole diiodide as a biosensor for human cancers
Authors: Tseng Ting-Yuan , Chen Wei-Wen , Chu I-Te , Wang Chiung-Lin , Chang Cheng-Chung , Lin Mei-Chun , Lou Pei-Jen , Chang Ta-Chau
Published: October 2018

Using time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, significantly more signals from 3,6-bis(1-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium) carbazole diiodide (o-BMVC) foci, characterized by the longer fluorescent decay time of o-BMVC, were detected in six types of cancer cells than in three types of normal cells. Accumulating evidence suggested that the o-BMVC foci are mainly the G-quadruplex foci. The large contrast in the number of o-BMVC foci can be considered as a common signature to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. Further study of tissue biopsy showed that the o-BMVC test provides a high accuracy for clinical detection of head and neck cancers.
Bridging may help young female Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana learn to be a mother
Authors: Zhang Dao , Xia Dong-Po , Wang Xi , Zhang Qi-Xin , Sun Bing-Hua , Li Jin-Hua
Published: October 2018

Attraction to infants is a common feature of non-human primates. Frequent affiliative male-infant interactions have been observed in many multimale, multifemale groups of macaques, including a behaviour termed ‘bridging’ in which two male macaques simultaneously lift an infant. This behaviour has been suggested to serve as a positive affiliative interaction between the adult or subadult males. Female macaques display bridging in the same manner as males, but the function of this behaviour to females remains unknown. In this study, we examined evidence for the function and evolution of bridging in female Tibetan macaques within the framework of three hypotheses: the learning to mother, a side-effect of selection for appropriate maternal care, and alliance formation hypotheses. Our results showed that subadult females initiated more bridging than adult females. Females preferred to use infants for bridging when the infants were less than four weeks old. Female frequency of received bridging with higher-ranking females was not significantly different from their frequency of received bridging with lower-ranking females. Bridging frequency was not significantly different between dyads composed of related and unrelated females. Additionally, post-bridging grooming frequency was significantly higher than nonbridging grooming interactions, suggesting a social function for bridging. The results of our study supported the ‘learning to mother’ hypothesis, suggesting that bridging among female intrasexual dyads is a multi-functional, complex and differential evolutionary process.
Thermotaxis in Chlamydomonas is brought about by membrane excitation and controlled by redox conditions
Authors: Sekiguchi Masaya , Kameda Shigetoshi , Kurosawa Satoshi , Yoshida Megumi , Yoshimura Kenjiro
Published: October 2018

Temperature is physiologically critical for all living organisms, which cope with temperature stress using metabolic and behavioral responses. In unicellular and some multicellular organisms, thermotaxis is a behavioral response to avoid stressful thermal environments and promote accumulation in an optimal thermal environment. In this study, we examined whether Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, demonstrated thermotaxis. We found that between 10 °C and 30 °C, Chlamydomonas cells migrated toward lower temperatures independent of cultivation temperature. Interestingly, when we applied reagents to change intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions, we saw that thermotaxis was enhanced, suppressed, or reversed, depending on the redox conditions and cultivation temperature. Thermotaxis was almost absent in ppr2 and ppr3 mutants, which cannot swim backward because of a defect in generating calcium current in flagella. The frequency of spontaneous backward swimming was lower at more favorable temperature, suggesting a pivotal role of spontaneous backward swimming generated by flagellar membrane excitation.
“Infostery” analysis of short molecular dynamics simulations identifies highly sensitive residues and predicts deleterious mutations
Authors: Karami Yasaman , Bitard-Feildel Tristan , Laine Elodie , Carbone Alessandra
Published: October 2018

Characterizing a protein mutational landscape is a very challenging problem in Biology. Many disease-associated mutations do not seem to produce any effect on the global shape nor motions of the protein. Here, we use relatively short all-atom biomolecular simulations to predict mutational outcomes and we quantitatively assess the predictions on several hundreds of mutants. We perform simulations of the wild type and 175 mutants of PSD95’s third PDZ domain in complex with its cognate ligand. By recording residue displacements correlations and interactions, we identify “communication pathways” and quantify them to predict the severity of the mutations. Moreover, we show that by exploiting simulations of the wild type, one can detect 80% of the positions highly sensitive to mutations with a precision of 89%. Importantly, our analysis describes the role of these positions in the inter-residue communication and dynamical architecture of the complex. We assess our approach on three different systems using data from deep mutational scanning experiments and high-throughput exome sequencing. We refer to our analysis as “infostery”, from “info” - information - and “steric” - arrangement of residues in space. We provide a fully automated tool, COMMA2 (www.lcqb.upmc.fr/COMMA2), that can be used to guide medicinal research by selecting important positions/mutations.
Identifying a miRNA signature for predicting the stage of breast cancer
Authors: Yerukala Sathipati Srinivasulu , Ho Shinn-Ying
Published: October 2018

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and one of the most common cancers among women. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers due to their effective role in cancer diagnosis. This study proposes a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier SVM-BRC to categorize patients with breast cancer into early and advanced stages. SVM-BRC uses an optimal feature selection method, inheritable bi-objective combinatorial genetic algorithm, to identify a miRNA signature which is a small set of informative miRNAs while maximizing prediction accuracy. MiRNA expression profiles of a 386-patient cohort of breast cancer were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SVM-BRC identified 34 of 503 miRNAs as a signature and achieved a 10-fold cross-validation mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient of 80.38%, 0.79, 0.81, and 0.60, respectively. Functional enrichment of the 10 highest ranked miRNAs was analysed in terms of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology annotations. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the highest ranked miRNAs revealed that four miRNAs, hsa-miR-503, hsa-miR-1307, hsa-miR-212 and hsa-miR-592, were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
Correction: In situ plasma-assisted atmospheric nitrogen fixation using water and spray-type jet plasma
Authors: Peng Peng , Chen Paul , Addy Min , Cheng Yanling , Zhang Yaning , Anderson Erik , Zhou Nan , Schiappacasse Charles , Hatzenbeller Raymond , Fan Liangliang , Liu Shiyu , Chen Dongjie , Liu Juer , Liu Yuhuan , Ruan Roger
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘In situ plasma-assisted atmospheric nitrogen fixation using water and spray-type jet plasma’ by Peng Peng et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 2886–2889.
Effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (araçá), Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (butiá) and Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) fruit extracts
Authors: Vinholes Juliana , Reis Sofia F. , Lemos Graciele , Barbieri Rosa Lia , de Freitas Victor , Franzon Rodrigo C. , Vizzotto Márcia
Published: October 2018

This study evaluated the effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of three Brazilian native fruit extracts.
Sustainable visible light assisted in situ hydrogenation via a magnesium–water system catalyzed by a Pd-g-C3N4 photocatalyst
Authors: Sharma Priti , Sasson Yoel
Published: October 2018

A non-hazardous and relatively mild protocol was formulated for an effectual hydrogen generation process via a “magnesium-activated water” system with a Pd-g-C3N4 photocatalyst under visible light at room temperature.
Pulsed laser deposition of single-layer MoS2 on Au(111): from nanosized crystals to large-area films
Authors: Tumino Francesco , Casari Carlo S. , Passoni Matteo , Russo Valeria , Li Bassi Andrea
Published: October 2018

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a promising material for heterogeneous catalysis and novel 2D optoelectronic devices. In this work, single-layer MoS2 is synthesized on Au(111) by pulsed laser deposition, showing the potentialities of this technique in the synthesis of high-quality 2D materials films.
Ring-opening and cyclization of aziridines with aryl azides: metal-free synthesis of 6-(triflyloxy)quinolines
Authors: Yi Ruxia , Li Xincheng , Wan Boshun
Published: October 2018

A metal-free synthesis of 6-(triflyloxy)quinolines has been developed via the ring-opening and cyclization of 2-aryl-1-tosylaziridines with 2-azidobenzaldehydes in the presence of TfOH.
Synthesis of antimicrobial AlOOH–Ag composite nanostructures by water oxidation of bimetallic Al–Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Aleksandr Lozhkomoev , Alexander Pervikov , Olga Bakina , Sergey Kazantsev , Irena Gotman
Published: October 2018

The facile one-step synthesis of AlOOH–Ag nanocomposite has been performed.
Synthesis, characterization and osteogenesis of phosphorylated methacrylamide chitosan hydrogels
Authors: Yang Huishang , Chen Shenggui , Liu Lei , Lai Chen , Shi Xuetao
Published: October 2018

Phosphorylated biopolymers can induce mineralization, mimic the process of natural bone formation, and have the potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
A convenient separation method for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate by novel superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Yuan Xinhua , Liu Tiantian , Gao Lei , Xing Lu , Zhu Yingying , Li Songjun
Published: October 2018

Through surface molecular imprinting technique and coating superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with molecularly imprinted polymers, a novel MMIP was successfully fabricated for the convenient separation of DEHP.
‘Phoenix polymers’: fire induced nanohardness in fibril-forming aromatic cyanate esters
Authors: Mooring Lyndsey , Thompson Scott , Hall Stephen A. , Pani Silvia , Zioupos Peter , Swan Martin , Stone Corinne , Howlin Brendan J. , Hamerton Ian
Published: October 2018

For the first time we present nanoindentation analysis of charred, cured aromatic cyanate esters, which exhibit outstanding mechanical properties when analysed under applied loads of 0.1–300 mN.
Adsorption of ng L−1-level arsenic by ZIF-8 nanoparticles: application to the monitoring of environmental water
Authors: Parajuli Durga , Sue Kiwamu , Takahashi Akira , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawamoto Tohru
Published: October 2018

ZIF-8 nanoparticles highly selectively uptakes ultra-trace concentration arsenate. The material can be used for high precision monitoring of the ion when coupled with handy analytical tools.
Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles and evaluation of their catalytic detoxification of hexavalent chromium in water
Authors: Tripathi R. M. , Rao R. Pragadeeshwara , Tsuzuki Takuya
Published: October 2018

Biosynthesized sulphur nanoparticles showed high efficiency in the reduction of Cr(vi) even at a small catalyst/Cr(vi) ratio.
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon sphere supported Pt nanoparticles for methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Zhai Cuiping , Li Shenshen , Wang Jianhong , Liu Yong
Published: October 2018

We synthesized honeycomb-like porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres, which can be used as support of Pt for alcohol oxidation.
XPS and Raman study of the active-sites on molybdenum disulfide nanopetals for photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B and doxycycline hydrochlride
Authors: Ai Xuefeng , Fan Hougang , Wang Yijun , Guo Yumeng , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Lili , Liu Huilian , Yang Jinghai
Published: October 2018

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanopetals were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method (sample without sintering) and then sintered at different temperature (sintered samples).
Solvent-free organocatalytic preparation of cyclic organic carbonates under scalable continuous flow conditions
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Gérardy Romaric , Gauron Guillaume , Damblon Christian , Monbaliu Jean-Christophe M.
Published: October 2018

A solvent-free organocatalyzed process for the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with 1,2-diols under scalable continuous flow conditions.
Correction: Efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells employing sequentially deposited donor–acceptor layers
Authors: Zhang Jiangbin , Kan Bin , Pearson Andrew J. , Parnell Andrew J. , Cooper Joshaniel F. K. , Liu Xiao-Ke , Conaghan Patrick J. , Hopper Thomas R. , Wu Yutian , Wan Xiangjian , Gao Feng , Greenham Neil C. , Bakulin Artem A. , Chen Yongsheng , Friend Richard H.
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘Efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells employing sequentially deposited donor–acceptor layers’ by Jiangbin Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 18225–18233.
Learning Effects and the Sensory Organization Test: Influence of a Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Impairment
Authors: McNerney Kathleen M. , Coad Mary Lou , Burkard Robert F.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Healthy young controls exhibit a learning effect after undergoing repeated administrations of the sensory organization test (SOT). The primary objective of the present experiment was to determine if an SOT learning effect is present in individuals with a unilateral vestibular impairment (UVI), and if so, whether it is different from healthy controls. The secondary objective was to determine if the learning effect is dependent on the time frame of repeated SOT assessments.

Method

Eleven individuals diagnosed with a UVI and 11 controls underwent 6 repetitions of the SOT over 2 visits (3 per visit all within 1 week). A second control group underwent 3 SOT repetitions, with each repetition separated by 1 week, to evaluate the time course of the SOT learning effect.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the UVI group and the control group. In addition, the magnitude of the learning effect was found to be similar regardless of the length of time that separated the repetitions.

Conclusions

If the SOT is to be used as a measure of improvement, the learning effect should be exhausted (which typically occurs following the third administration) prior to the introduction of therapy. Future research should further investigate the results from those with other vestibular pathologies.
Language Sample Practices With Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Blaiser Kristina M. , Shannahan Megan A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

In this study, we aimed to identify common language sample practices of professionals who work with children who are Deaf/hard of hearing (DHH) who use listening and spoken language as a means to better understand why and how language sampling can be utilized by speech-language pathologists serving this population.

Method

An electronic questionnaire was disseminated to professionals who serve children who are DHH and use listening and spoken language in the United States. Participant responses were coded in an Excel file and checked for completeness. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze trends.

Results

A total of 168 participants participated in the survey. A majority of participants reported that they use language sampling as a part of their intervention when working with children who are DHH. However, approximately half of participants reported using norm-referenced testing most often when evaluating language of children who are DHH, regardless of the fact that they felt that language samples were more sensitive in identifying the errors of children who are DHH. Participants reported using language samples to monitor progress and set goals for clients. Participants rarely used language samples for eligibility and interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusions

Language samples offer a unique way to examine a child's language development that norm-referenced assessments are not sensitive enough to detect, particularly for children who are DHH. This offers insights into current practice and implications for the development of a more clearly defined language sample protocol to guide practices in the use of language samples with children who are DHH and use listening and spoken language.
Millimetre‐wave antenna with tilted beam for future base station applications
Authors: Mantash Mohamad , Kesavan Arun , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: October 2018

A novel flexible and reconfigurable pattern antenna, integrated with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface, operating in the 29–31 GHz millimetre‐wave frequency band, is proposed. The designed antenna is a modified Yagi‐Uda antenna that uses as directors loop diamond shapes, allowing the bending of the structure in an easy way at high frequencies. The AMC structure is also composed of an array of diamond loops, printed on a grounded dielectric substrate without vias. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model that allows the estimation of the resonant frequency and reflection coefficient phase of the AMC is presented. Using a flexible substrate in designing the proposed AMC antenna, different beam‐tilting angles can be obtained. Moreover, multiple pattern configurations are studied. The performance of the proposed AMC antenna is measured for flat and curved configurations. The maximum beam‐tilting angle is obtained for the curved AMC antenna configuration and is equal to +32° towards the +z direction with a realised gain of 12.1 dBi. Additionally, a beam‐tilting in the ±z elevation plane is achieved by integrating a single pole, double throw switching system. This method eliminates the complex steering system that uses phase shifters, which is traditional for the targeted applications.
Digital predistortion technique for low resource consumption using carrier aggregated 4G/5G signals
Authors: Jaraut Praveen , Rawat Meenakshi , Roblin Patrick
Published: October 2018

Carrier aggregation (CA) is an essential part of long‐term evolution (LTE) signals for 4G/5G wireless communication. However, CA LTE signals place stringent conditions on the radio‐frequency power amplifiers (PAs). The multi‐band operation, wider bandwidth, and related hardware cost increase for the implementation of digital predistortion (DPD) for the multi‐band PAs. This study presents a novel independent component analysis (ICA) method for the DPD models which is suitable for all three cases (intra‐band contiguous, intra‐band non‐contiguous and inter‐band non‐contiguous) of CA. It has been established that the memory requirement of ICA‐based memory polynomial (MP) model implementation is much lesser than the state‐of‐the‐art low complexity models such as MP model, orthogonal MP model and principal component analysis‐based MP model for CA LTE signals. The proof‐of‐concept is provided with two different measurement setups for establishing its versatility.
Skin effect based technique in eddy current non‐destructive testing for thickness measurement of conductive material
Authors: Lakhdari Ala Eddine , Cheriet Ahmed , El‐Ghoul Islam Nacereddine
Published: October 2018

This study proposes an estimation procedure for thickness measurement of conductive material by investigating the skin effect phenomenon in eddy current non‐destructive testing. Both three‐dimensional numerical modelling using the finite volume method and experimental analysis are considered. Before starting this investigation, the material to be measured must be recognised in terms of its electrical conductivity, and hence this study presents also an electrical conductivity characterisation which is identified by using two methods; the first one is the four‐probe‐based technique while the second one is an eddy current‐based technique.
Calculation method of critical voltage drop of DC commutation process considering AC system three‐phase fault moments
Authors: Zhang Jingqiu , Li Yongli , Song JinZhao , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Yunke
Published: October 2018

This study makes a detailed analysis about the influence of AC system fault moments on commutation process of inverter valves and commutation failures. Taking into account the time‐varying characteristic of the commutation voltage effective value after a three‐phase fault of the AC system, a new method to calculate critical voltage drop is proposed. Also, the relationship between different fault moments and the critical voltage drop is deduced theoretically. In addition, considering the regulatory effect of the control strategy, detailed analysis is elaborated mathematically about the influence of different fault moments on the commutation process of valves connected in a 12‐pulse pair at the inverter station. According to this, the variation curve of the critical voltage drop along with different fault moments is developed. All the results are verified based on the simulation model established in power systems computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC systems (EMTDC).
Unified method for optimal power flow of AC/DC system with PET based on extended branch model
Authors: Sun Yingyun , Hu Liping , Malik Sarmad Majeed , Chen Naishi , Pu Tianjiao
Published: October 2018

Compared to traditional transformer, power electronic transformer (PET) has a better control ability as it can manage the terminal power independently. This makes it very promising for modern power distribution systems with high penetration of renewable energy. However, the unique structure of PET increases the coupling between AC and DC network, which enhances the complexity of the traditional alternating iterative method in an AC–DC network. Since the structure of PET is based on power electronics, the power losses will influence the OPF results and have to be taken into account. This paper proposes a novel extension branch model with an accurate PET power loss model that can solve the AC–DC power flow problem in a unified way. In this method, a branch model of PET with power loss is first established. The AC and DC branches are then combined to generate an extended branch model of the whole AC–DC network. An AC–DC hybrid test system connected by two 3‐port PET is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model via simulations. The results show that this method has a superior convergence speed than the alternating iterative model.
Optimizing asteroid orbit computation forGaiawith normal points
Authors: Fedorets Grigori , Muinonen Karri , Pauwels Thierry , Granvik Mikael , Tanga Paolo , Virtanen Jenni , Berthier Jérôme , Carry Benoit , David Pedro , Dell’Oro Aldo , Mignard François , Petit Jean-Marc , Spoto Federica , Thuillot William
Published: October 2018

Context.In addition to the systematic observations of known solar-system objects (SSOs), a continuous processing of new discoveries requiring fast responses is implemented as the short-term processing ofGaiaSSO observations, providing alerts for ground-based follow-up observers. The common independent observation approach for the purposes of orbit computation has led to unrealistically large ephemeris prediction uncertainties when processing realGaiadata.

Aims.We aim to provide ground-based observers with a cloud of sky positions that is shrunk to a fraction of the previously expected search area by making use of the characteristic features ofGaiaastrometry. This enhances the efficiency ofGaiaSSO follow-up network and leads to an increased rate of asteroid discoveries with reasonably constrained orbits with the help of ground-based follow-up observations ofGaiaasteroids.

Methods.We took advantage of the separation of positional errors ofGaiaSSO observations into a random and systematic component. We treated theGaiaobservations in an alternative way by collapsing up to ten observations that correspond to a single transit into a single so-called normal point. We implemented this input procedure in theGaiaSSO short-term processing pipeline and the OpenOrb software.

Results.We validate our approach by performing extensive comparisons between the independent observation and normal point input methods and compare them to the observed positions of previously known asteroids. The new approach reduces the ephemeris uncertainty by a factor of between three and ten compared to the situation where each point is treated as a separate observation.

Conclusions.Our new data treatment improves the sky prediction for theGaiaSSO observations by removing low-weight orbital solutions. These solutions originate from excessive curvature of observations, introduced by short-term variations ofGaiaattitude on the one hand, and, as a main effect, shrinking of systematic error bars in the independent observation case on the other hand. We anticipate that a similar approach may also be utilized in a situation where observations from a single observatory dominate.
Universal thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium over two decades in radius in the X-COP sample
Authors: Ghirardini V. , Eckert D. , Ettori S. , Pointecouteau E. , Molendi S. , Gaspari M. , Rossetti M. , De Grandi S. , Roncarelli M. , Bourdin H. , Mazzotta P. , Rasia E. , Vazza F.
Published: October 2018

Context.The hot plasma in a galaxy cluster is expected to be heated to high temperatures through shocks and adiabatic compression. The thermodynamical properties of the gas encode information on the processes leading to the thermalization of the gas in the cluster’s potential well and on non-gravitational processes such as gas cooling, AGN feedback, shocks, turbulence, bulk motions, cosmic rays and magnetic field.

Aims.In this work we present the radial profiles of the thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) out to the virial radius for a sample of 12 galaxy clusters selected from thePlanckall-sky survey. We determine the universal profiles of gas density, temperature, pressure, and entropy over more than two decades in radius, from 0.01R500to 2R500.

Methods.We exploited X-ray information fromXMM-Newtonand Sunyaev-Zel’dovich constraints fromPlanckto recover thermodynamic properties out to 2R500. We provide average functional forms for the radial dependence of the main quantities and quantify the slope and intrinsic scatter of the population as a function of radius.

Results.We find that gas density and pressure profiles steepen steadily with radius, in excellent agreement with previous observational results. Entropy profiles beyondR500closely follow the predictions for the gravitational collapse of structures. The scatter in all thermodynamical quantities reaches a minimum in the range [0.2 − 0.8]R500and increases outward. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that pressure is substantially more scattered than temperature and density.

Conclusions.Our results indicate that once accreting substructures are properly excised, the properties of the ICM beyond the cooling region (R > 0.3R500) follow remarkably well the predictions of simple gravitational collapse and require few non-gravitational corrections.
Traumatisierung und Depression
Authors: Schweiger Ulrich , Sipos Valerija , Faßbinder Eva , Klein Jan Philipp
Published: October 2018

Traumatisierung oder eine Vorgeschichte von belastenden Erfahrungen in der Kindheit finden sich bei bis zu 60 % der Patienten mit einer depressiven Störung. Vermeidungsverhalten und fehlende Emotionsregulation beeinflussen dabei die interpersonellen Beziehungen der Patienten. Eine (traumabezogene) Verhaltenstherapie kann hier mit spezifischen Interventionen helfen – insbesondere mit Techniken des Fertigkeitentrainings.
Leitlinie „Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma im Erwachsenenalter“
Authors: Wallesch CW , Marx P , Tegenthoff M , Widder B , Schwerdtfeger K , du Mesnil de Rochemont R , Schmidt R , Neumann-Zielke L , Schwalbe M
Published: October 2018

2005 und 2013 hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung gemeinsam mit anderen Fachgesellschaften und Verbänden „Leitlinien zur Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma“ erarbeitet und über die Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) sowie in den Fortschritten der Neurologie und Psychiatrie publiziert. Nach 5 Jahren war eine Revision der Leitlinie erforderlich, diese erfolgte erstmals auf der höheren Entwicklungsstufe S 2 k (Expertenkonsens via Delphi-Konferenz).
Evidenzbasierte Behandlung von schwer psychisch kranken Menschen mit psychosozialen Therapien – Erstes Update der DGPPN-S3-Leitlinie erscheint Ende 2018
Authors: Gühne Uta , Weinmann Stefan , Becker Thomas , Riedel-Heller Steffi
Published: October 2018

Einleitung Schwere psychische Erkrankungen sind mit besonderen Belastungen und Risiken für die Betroffenen und deren Angehörige verbunden. Psychosoziale Therapien sind eine zentrale Säule der Behandlung.

Material & Methoden Im Update der S3-Leitlinie „Psychosoziale Therapien bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen“ werden auf der Basis aktueller wissenschaftlicher Evidenz und strukturierter Konsensfindung in einem repräsentativen Leitliniengremium umfassende Empfehlungen zur psychosozialen Behandlung gegeben.

Ergebnisse Das Update der Leitlinie umfasst 33 Empfehlungen und 12 Statements in den Bereichen der System- und Einzelinterventionen (z. B. zu Arbeit, Wohnen und Psychoedukation) sowie zu Ansätzen der Selbsthilfe (z. B. zu Selbstmanagement und Peer-Arbeit) sowie zu Aspekten, die die Ausrichtung des täglichen Handelns aller Beteiligten umfassen (z. B. zu Recovery). Ein sogenanntes Matrixkapitel wird den Besonderheiten des deutschen Versorgungssystems gerecht.

Diskussion Es liegt international umfassende wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu verschiedenen psychosozialen Interventionen vor, die Chancen auf eine verbesserte soziale und berufliche Teilhabe für Betroffene eröffnet. Die Implementierung von Leitlinien ist ein wichtiges Entwicklungsfeld, um das Wissen und die Empfehlungen praxiswirksam werden zu lassen.
When Are Trainees Ready to Perform Transvaginal Ultrasound? An Observational Study
Authors: Tolsgaard Martin , Veluppillai Cergika , Gueneuc Alexandra , Taksøe-Vester Caroline , Hajal Nadim , Levaillant Jean-Marc , Ville Yves , Tabor Ann , Chalouhi Gihad
Published: October 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) To determine how the number of ultrasound scans a trainee has completed predicts the trainee’s diagnostic accuracy when performing transvaginal ultrasound examinations, and (2) to examine the utility of simulation-based assessment of ultrasound competence for determining readiness for independently performing examinations.

Materials and Methods 101 OB/GYN trainees were surveyed regarding their clinical experience and the number of scans they had completed. All participants completed five different cases on a transvaginal virtual-reality ultrasound simulator (Scantrainer, Medaphor). The participants’ diagnostic accuracy was recorded and expert raters evaluated their performance using the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS) scale. The utility of simulation-based assessments was assessed with respect to reliability, validity, acceptability, and costs. The main outcome was diagnostic accuracy for five different ultrasound cases.

Results Although the number of scans was associated with diagnostic accuracy (p = 0.006), it was a poor predictor (AUC 0.69) of diagnostic accuracy. Only 56.6 % (n = 34) of participants who had more than 100 transvaginal scans demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 0.80 or above. The reliability of the OSAUS assessments was high (ICC 0.82) and the majority of participants supported the use of simulation-based assessments for future licensing exams (70.3 %). The running costs of simulation-based assessments (154 EUR per participant) were lower than for practical examinations using real patients.

Conclusion The number of completed ultrasound scans was a poor predictor of the trainees’ diagnostic accuracy. Instead, simulation-based assessments can be used to ensure that trainees are ready for independently performing future scans.
Identification of a Subtype of Poorly Differentiated Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Based on Vimentin and E-cadherin Expression
Authors: Orlandini Leonardo Fleury , Reis Francisco José Cândido dos , da Silveira Willian Abraham , Tiezzi Marcelo Guimarães , de Andrade Jurandyr Moreira , Ribeiro-Silva Alfredo , Deaton Ryan , Bosland Maarten , Tiezzi Daniel Guimarães
Published: October 2018

Objective The use of molecular markers can identify a subgroup of tumors with distinct recurrence patterns. The present study aimed to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin (VIM), of E-cadherin (CDH1), and of cytokeratin 5 (CK5) in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs).

Methods We have constructed a tissue microarray (TMA) from 87 patients with IDC of the breast. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to study the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), VIM, CDH1, CK5, and Ki67. The tumors were classified as luminal A and B (n = 39), HER2 enriched (n = 25), and triple-negative (TNBC) (n = 23), based on the IHC expression.

Results We have observed that luminal A and B tumors lack the VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype. This phenotype was observed in 16.5% of the HER2+ tumors and in 60% of the TNBC tumors (p = 0.0001). Out of a total of 20 TNBC tumors, the CK5 (basal-like marker) was positive in 11 of them. The VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype was observed in 5 CK5+ TNBC tumors (45%) and in 7 out of 9 CK5- TNBC tumors (78%) (p = 0.02). The median Ki67 index in the VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors was 13.6 (range: 17.8–45.4) compared with 9.8 (range: 4.1–38.1) in other tumors (p = 0.0007). The presence of lymph node metastasis was less frequent in patients with VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors (23% versus 61%; X2
test; p = 0.01).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that the expression of VIM and CDH1 can identify a subset of IDCs of the breast with a mesenchymal phenotype associated with poor prognosis, high-grade lesion, and high mitotic index.
Humidity effect on ion behaviors of moisture-driven CO2 sorbents
Authors: Shi Xiaoyang , Xiao Hang , Liao Xiangbiao , Armstrong Mitchell , Chen Xi , Lackner Klaus S.
Published: October 2018

Ion hydration is a fundamental process in many natural phenomena. This paper presents a quantitative analysis, based on atomistic modeling, of the behavior of ions and the impact of hydration in a novel CO2 sorbent. We explore moisture-driven CO2 sorbents focusing on diffusion of ions and the structure of ion hydration complexes forming inside water-laden resin structures. We show that the stability of the carbonate ion is reduced as the water content of the resin is lowered. As the hydration cloud of the carbonate ion shrinks, it becomes energetically favorable to split a remaining water molecule and form a bicarbonate ion plus a hydroxide ion. These two ions bind less water than a single, doubly charged carbonate ion. As a result, under relatively dry conditions, more OH− ions are available to capture CO2 than in the presence of high humidity. Local concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and water determine chemical equilibria. Reaction kinetics is then driven to a large extent by diffusion rates that allow water and anions to move through the resin structure. Understanding the basic mechanics of chemical equilibria and transport may help us to rationally design next-generation efficient moisture-driven CO2 sorbents.
A multi-species powder dropper for magnetic fusion applications
Authors: Nagy A. , Bortolon A. , Mauzey D. M. , Wolfe E. , Gilson E. P. , Lunsford R. , Maingi R. , Mansfield D. K. , Nazikian R. , Roquemore A. L.
Published: October 2018

We present a device for controlled injection of a variety of materials in powder form. The system implements four independent feeder units, arranged to share a single vertical drop tube. Each unit consists of a 80 ml reservoir, coupled to a horizontal linear trough, where a layer of powder is advanced by piezo-electric agitation at a speed proportional to the applied voltage, until it falls into a drop tube. The dropper has been tested with a number of impurities of low (B, BN, C), intermediate (Si, SiC), and high Z (Sn) and a variety of microscopic structures (flakes, spheres, rocks) and sizes (5-200 μm). For low Z materials, drop rates ∼2-200 mg/s have been obtained showing good repeatability and uniformity. A calibrated light-emitting diode (LED)-based flowmeter allows measuring and monitoring the drop rate during operation. The fast time-response of the four feeders allows combination of steady and pulsed injections, providing a flexible tool for controlled-dose, real-time impurity injection in fusion plasmas.