bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical effectiveness of screening for age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review
Authors: Gomes Dalila Fernandes , Curado Daniel da Silva Pereira , Gomes Rosângela Maria , Leite Betânia Ferreira , Ramos Maíra Catharina , Silva Everton Nunes da
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that occurs in patients over 50 years old. Early diagnosis enables timely treatment to stabilize disease progression. However, the fact that the disease is asymptomatic in its early stages can delay treatment until it progresses. As such, screening in specific contexts can be an early detection tool to reduce the clinical and social impact of the disease.

Objective

Assess the effectiveness of screening methods for early detection of AMD in adults aged 50 years or older.

Methods

A systematic review of comparative observational studies on AMD screening methods in those aged 50 years or older, compared with no screening or any other strategy. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library and Lilacs database.

Results

A total of 5,290 studies were identified, three of which met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the systematic review. A total of 8,733 individuals (16,780 eyes) were included in the analysis. The screening methods assessed were based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) compared with color fundus photography, and OCT and telemedicine testing compared to a standard eye exam.

Conclusion

The systematized data are limited and only suggest satisfactory performance in early screening of the population at risk of developing AMD. OCT and the telemedicine technique showed promising results in AMD screening. However, methodological problems were identified in the studies selected and the level of evidence was considered low.
Impact of moderate-to-late preterm birth on neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children: Results from retrospective longitudinal follow-up with nationally representative data
Authors: Lee Sangmi , Han Yuri , Lim Min Kyung , Lee Hun Jae
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the relationship between moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) birth and the risk of neurodevelopmental impairments (NIs) in young children compared with the risks associated with very preterm (VPT) and full-term (FT) birth based on nationally representative large-scale population data. Retrospective follow-up was conducted over 71 months for 738,733 children who were born and participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) between 2011 and 2013. Using a data linkage between the NHSPIC and Korean healthcare claim information, data on birth year, sex, delivery type, birth weight, growth abnormality, gestational age, breastfeeding history, maternal age, NIs, multiple gestation, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic status were collected and included in the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to identify the impact of gestational age on NI risk, with all variables adjusted as appropriate. Overall, 0.9% and 3.8% rates of VPT and MLPT births were identified, respectively. NI incidence was highest among VPT children (34.7%), followed by MLPT (23.9%) and FT (18.2%) children. Both VPT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.05) and MLPT (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.41) births were associated with increased NI risk. Low birth weight, PROM, and smoking during pregnancy were also associated with increased NI risk, while longer breastfeeding and higher socioeconomic status were associated with decreased risk. Special attention must be given to NIs for both VPT and MLPT children.
Exploring barriers and facilitators of implementing an at-home SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing intervention: The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics—Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiatives
Authors: Cross Lisa Maria , DeFosset Amelia , Yusuf Bola , Conserve Donaldson , Anderson Rakiah , Carilli Christina , Kibbe Warren , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Richmond Alan , Corbie Giselle , Dave Gaurav
Published: November 2023

Background

Evaluating community-based programs provides value to researchers, funding entities, and community stakeholders involved in program implementation, and can increase program impact and sustainability. To understand factors related to program implementation, we aimed to capture the perspective of community partners engaged in organizing and executing community-engaged programs to distribute COVID-19 at-home tests in underserved communities.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with community-based stakeholders informed by the Outcomes for Implementation Research framework.

Results

Findings describe how community-engaged communication and dissemination strategies drove program adoption among grassroots stakeholders. Establishing and sustaining trusted relationships was vital to engaging partners with aligned values and capacity. Respondents characterized the programs as generally feasible and appropriate, and community partners felt capable of delivering the program successfully. However, they also described an increased burden on their workforce and desired more significant support. Respondents recognized the programs’ community engagement practices as a critical facilitator of acceptability and impact.

Discussion

Implementation evaluation aims to inform current and future community outreach and engagement efforts with best practices. As we continue to inform and advance community-engaged disaster response practice, a parallel reimagining of public health funding mechanisms and timelines could provide a foundation for trust, collaboration, and community resiliency that endures beyond a given crisis.
Major adverse cardiovascular events and hyperuricemia during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Shin Hong-Joon , Yoon Joon-Young , Na Young-Ok , Lee Jae-Kyeong , Kho Bo Gun , Kim Tae-Ok , Kim Yu-Il , Lim Sung-Chul , Jeong Sae-Hee , Kwon Yong-Soo
Published: November 2023

Background

Hyperuricemia is common during tuberculosis (TB) treatment, especially in association with pyrazinamide (PZA). This study investigated the relationship between major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and hyperuricemia during TB treatment.

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study. From January 2010 through June 2017, we assessed all consecutive TB patients at Chonnam National University Hospital in South Korea. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels exceeding 7.0 mg/dL (men) and 6.0 mg/dL (women).

Results

Of the 1,143 patients included, PZA was administered to 1,081 (94.6%), and hyperuricemia was detected in 941 (82.3%). Eight patients experienced MACEs. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression indicated that prior ischemic heart disease was associated with MACE development (OR,14.087; 95% CI,3.304–60.061; P < 0.000), while hyperuricemia was not (OR, 1.505; 95% CI, 0.184–12.299; P = 0.703). For patients without drug-resistant TB, the absence of hyperuricemia was associated with higher mortality (OR, 2.609; 95% CI, 1.066–6.389; P = 0.036), whereas hyperuricemia was associated with less worse outcomes (OR,0.316; 95% CI,0.173–0.576; P < 0.000).

Conclusions

Although most patients treated with PZA developed hyperuricemia, it was not associated with MACE development. Hyperuricemia during TB treatment was associated with better outcomes, possibly due to consistent adherence to TB treatment.
Dormancy release of seeds of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle accompanied by changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements
Authors: Jiu Xijia , Chen Honggang , Du Tao , Jia XiWei , Liu Dong , Meng JinJin , Xu XiaoJuan
Published: November 2023

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an alpine medicinal plant of considerable importance, and its seed dormancy severely inhibits population renewal. Although cold stratification can break dormancy to a certain extent, the migration and accumulation of phytochemicals and inorganic elements in the seeds during dormancy release and their functions remain unclear. Changes in phytochemicals and inorganic elements in different seed parts were analyzed during dormancy. The key differential phytochemicals and inorganic elements were screened and their association with dormancy release and their roles in dormancy release were explored. The results showed that dormancy release may have occurred following the decrease in palmitic acid and linoleic acid content in the seeds and the increase in 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4 (h)-pyran-4-one content in the endosperm. Meanwhile, 6-propyltridecane and hexadecane in the seed coat may enhance the water permeability of seeds to speed up germination. Mg may migrate from the seed coat to the endosperm and seed embryos, whereas Co may migrate from the seed embryo to the seed coat. Ca, Mn, Mg, and Co are involved in various physiological metabolic processes, which may facilitate the dormancy release of P. hexandrum seeds. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of dormancy release in P. hexandrum seeds and can serve as a reference for the development of more effective dormancy-breaking techniques for the conservation of this endangered medicinal plant.
Immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus infection by low-dose adoptive transfer of antiviral CD8 T cells relies on substantial post-transfer expansion of central memory cells but not effector-memory cells
Authors: Holtappels Rafaela , Becker Sara , Hamdan Sara , Freitag Kirsten , Podlech Jürgen , Lemmermann Niels A. , Reddehase Matthias J.
Published: November 2023

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are host species-specific in their replication. It is a hallmark of all CMVs that productive primary infection is controlled by concerted innate and adaptive immune responses in the immunocompetent host. As a result, the infection usually passes without overt clinical symptoms and develops into latent infection, referred to as “latency”. During latency, the virus is maintained in a non-replicative state from which it can reactivate to productive infection under conditions of waning immune surveillance. In contrast, infection of an immunocompromised host causes CMV disease with viral multiple-organ histopathology resulting in organ failure. Primary or reactivated CMV infection of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients in a “window of risk” between therapeutic hemato-ablative leukemia therapy and immune system reconstitution remains a clinical challenge. Studies in the mouse model of experimental HCT and infection with murine CMV (mCMV), followed by clinical trials in HCT patients with human CMV (hCMV) reactivation, have revealed a protective function of virus-specific CD8 T cells upon adoptive cell transfer (AT). Memory CD8 T cells derived from latently infected hosts are a favored source for immunotherapy by AT. Strikingly low numbers of these cells were found to prevent CMV disease, suggesting either an immediate effector function of few transferred cells or a clonal expansion generating high numbers of effector cells. In the murine model, the memory population consists of resting central memory T cells (TCM), as well as of conventional effector-memory T cells (cTEM) and inflationary effector-memory T cells (iTEM). iTEM increase in numbers over time in the latently infected host, a phenomenon known as ‘memory inflation’ (MI). They thus appeared to be a promising source for use in immunotherapy. However, we show here that iTEM contribute little to the control of infection after AT, which relies almost entirely on superior proliferative potential of TCM.
Virulent strains of Zymoseptoria tritici suppress the host immune response and facilitate the success of avirulent strains in mixed infections
Authors: Bernasconi Alessio , Lorrain Cécile , Flury Priska , Alassimone Julien , McDonald Bruce A. , Sánchez-Vallet Andrea
Published: November 2023

Plants interact with a plethora of pathogenic microorganisms in nature. Pathogen-plant interaction experiments focus mainly on single-strain infections, typically ignoring the complexity of multi-strain infections even though mixed infections are common and critical for the infection outcome. The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici forms highly diverse fungal populations in which several pathogen strains often colonize the same leaf. Despite the importance of mixed infections, the mechanisms governing interactions between a mixture of pathogen strains within a plant host remain largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that avirulent pathogen strains benefit from being in mixed infections with virulent strains. We show that virulent strains suppress the wheat immune response, allowing avirulent strains to colonize the apoplast and to reproduce. Our experiments indicate that virulent strains in mixed infections can suppress the plant immune system, probably facilitating the persistence of avirulent pathogen strains in fields planted with resistant host plants.
The 21st Century Film, TV & Media School: Challenges, Clashes, Changes, Maria Dora Mourão, Stanislav Semerdjiev, Cecília Mello and Alan Taylor (eds) (2016)
Authors: Mututa Addamms
Published: November 2023

Review of: The 21st Century Film, TV & Media School: Challenges, Clashes, Changes, Maria Dora Mourão, Stanislav Semerdjiev, Cecília Mello and Alan Taylor (eds) (2016)

Sofia: CILECT – The International Association of Film and Television Schools, 476 pp.,

ISBN 978-6-19735-800-1, Kindle version, $33
Controversial issues and the nature of history: Teachers’ views on controversial historical issues in Swedish lower secondary school
Authors: Elmersjö Henrik Åström , Persson Anders
Published: November 2023

Controversial issues are often regarded as abundant in history education. Most topics can be regarded as controversial in one way or another. The purpose of this article is to analyse the way history teachers in Swedish lower secondary schools relate controversial issues to a particular view of the nature of the subject of history. By analysing statements from six teacher interviews which centred on the risks and opportunities associated with teaching about controversial issues, the authors were able to see a clear relation between views on controversial issues and views on the nature of history as such. The teachers’ reactions to the introduction of controversial issues, whether introduced by the teacher or by the students, was in many cases directly related to a specific view of the subject itself and its epistemological nature.
ALGORITHMS FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE EIGENVALUES OF DISCRETE SEMI-BOUNDED OPERATORS DEFINED ON QUANTUM GRAPHS
Authors:   G.I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Kadchenko S.I. , Stavtceva A.V. , Ryazanova L.S. , Dubrovskii V.V. ,   Ural-Omega, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Spectral problems for differential operators defined on quantum graphs are of great scientific interest related to problems in quantum mechanics, computer network modeling, image processing, ranking algorithms, modeling of electrical, and mechanical and acoustic processes, in networks of a diverse nature, in designing nano systems with prescribed properties and in other areas. Theoretical solutions of direct and inverse spectral problems on quantum graphs have been developed, but computational algorithms based on these methods are computationally inefficient. We have not seen any published works that consider examples of numerical solutions of spectral problems on finite connected graphs with a large number of vertices and edges. Therefore, the development of new computationally effective algorithms for numerical solution of spectral problems given on finite connected graphs is urgent. This paper develops a technique for finding the eigenvalues of boundary value problems on finite connected graphs with a required number of vertices and edges. To use this technique, it is necessary to know the eigenvalues and vectors of the eigenfunctions of corresponding unperturbed vector operators which are usually self-adjoint. Finding them manually, if the graph has a large number of vertices and edges, is difficult. This led to writing a package of programs in the mathematical environment Maple to find transcendental equations in the symbolic mode to calculate eigenvalues and find the eigenfunctions of unperturbed boundary value problems. Examples of calculating eigenvalues for a quantum graph which models an anthracene aromatic compound molecule are presented.
Rosa Ana Martín Vegas, Carmen Vanesa Álvarez-Rosa, Vicente J. Marcet Rodríguez, Manuel Nevot Navarro (eds.), La enseñanza del léxico
Authors: Jódar Raúl Fernández
Published: November 2023

Reseñas: Rosa Ana Martín Vegas, Carmen Vanesa Álvarez-Rosa, Vicente J. Marcet Rodríguez, Manuel Nevot Navarro (eds.), La enseñanza del léxico (Raúl Fernández Jódar).
Specific Storage or Elastic Modulus of Solid Matrix in Aquifers and Aquitards—Results from Slug Tests: A Review and a Clarification
Authors: Chapuis Robert P.
Published: November 2023

Hydrogeology defines specific storage, Ss, to quantify the ability of a saturated layer to release or take water when the hydraulic head is changed, resulting in a change in the solid matrix volume. ASTM D4104/D4104M-20, Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedures) Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests), has a method to assess the Ss value. The article explains how continuum mechanics relate Ss to the constrained (one-dimensional vertical) elastic modulus, E′, of the solid matrix. As a result, Ss has a limited range of values for soil and rock, but this limitation has not received enough attention. Continuum mechanics have already proven that slug tests cannot give Ss, contrary to the opinion of a few slug test users. Short tables clarify and summarize the strangeness of the slug test theory with Ss. The Ss values are in the 10−4–10−7 m−1 range according to continuum mechanics, but the slug test theory yields a 100–10−20 range. The comparison shows that the slug test theory with Ss gives only 5 % of realistic Ss values. The tests in soil and rock often yield Ss values that are those of materials either stiffer that steel or softer than peat. An example clarifies this finding. A monitoring well (MW) was tested with three sets of sensors having different calibration errors: the three test datasets yielded a wide Ss range for the sand tested by the MW. Recommendations are made to avoid misinterpreting test data and improve current standards. The slug test theory with Ss is based on errors in math and physics, and its supporters have so far delayed the use of physically correct methods in ASTM standards. The article does not question the ability of pumping tests and geophysical methods to extract the value of Ss or E′.
From the Mishnah to Muḥammad
Authors: Pregill Michael E.
Published: November 2023

The copious amount of what appear to be biblical borrowings in the Qur’an has long sparked scholars’ interest in the social and religious background to formative Islam in Late Antiquity. Conventionally, this phenomenon has mainly been explained through claims of direct influence on the Prophet Muḥammad by Arabian Jews who acted as conduits of rabbinic or other types of Jewish lore—claims seemingly confirmed by numerous examples of the Qur’an’s direct address to Jews, “Israelites,” or “People of Scripture” more generally. Progress in illuminating the Jewish context of Islam in the formative period has been hampered in recent decades by two problems: a dearth of evidence corroborating the traditional sources on the Arabian Jewish community in Muḥammad’s time and a general uncertainty regarding Muḥammad’s role as the putative source of the Qur’an (or even his basic historicity). Most scholars now reject a simplistic conception of Jewish influence on Muḥammad as author of the Qur’an, but consensus on a convincing alternative model of qur’anic origins has been elusive. Here, I will evaluate a number of approaches to the authorship of the Qur’an as well as to different types of biblical-Judaic materials adapted and reinterpreted therein. I will argue that the Qur’an not only engages a variety of scriptural and parascriptural precursors from Late Antiquity—Christian as well as Jewish—but reshapes and repurposes them in diverse, even incommensurate, ways. I conclude that no single model of qur’anic reception of such precursors is adequate to account for the diversity of its modes of engagement with its late antique intertexts and suggest that a source-critical approach rooted in a concept of prophetic editorial activity is perhaps the most plausible way to conceptualize this diversity, at least provisionally.
Emphyteusis in a Time of Death
Authors: Rockwell David
Published: November 2023

This article explores developments in Justinian’s legislation on church property as evidence of economic strain during the plague of the early 540s. It argues that changes to such laws that have recently featured in scholarly literature, namely the permission introduced by Novel 120 for the sale and emphyteutic lease of church-owned immovable property, were merely incremental and provide evidence for a plague-induced crisis that is at best equivocal. Other features of this same law that have not yet been adduced in scholarly literature on plague, however, potentially shed additional light on the consequences of plague for churches and related institutions. More generally, it is intended that this study make two methodological contributions to current discussions of the so-called Justinianic plague: first by demonstrating the limited utility of calculating rates of new laws per year or per decade, and second by showing the importance of contextualizing Justinian’s Novels not just in light of contemporaneous measures but also in light of the diachronic development of the area of law of which they form part.
Propylene glycol inactivates respiratory viruses and prevents airborne transmission
Authors: Styles Christine T , Zhou Jie , Flight Katie E , Brown Jonathan C , Lewis Charlotte , Wang Xinyu , Vanden Oever Michael , Peacock Thomas P , Wang Ziyin , Millns Rosie , O'Neill John S , Borodavka Alexander , Grove Joe , Barclay Wendy S , Tregoning John S , Edgar Rachel S
Published: November 2023

Viruses are vulnerable as they transmit between hosts, and we aimed to exploit this critical window. We found that the ubiquitous, safe, inexpensive and biodegradable small molecule propylene glycol (PG) has robust virucidal activity. Propylene glycol rapidly inactivates a broad range of viruses including influenza A, SARS‐CoV‐2 and rotavirus and reduces disease burden in mice when administered intranasally at concentrations commonly found in nasal sprays. Most critically, vaporised PG efficiently abolishes influenza A virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity within airborne droplets, potently preventing infection at levels well below those tolerated by mammals. We present PG vapour as a first‐in‐class non‐toxic airborne virucide that can prevent transmission of existing and emergent viral pathogens, with clear and immediate implications for public health.
Lipid-enriched reduced nutrient culture medium improves bovine blastocyst formation
Authors: Pasquariello Rolando , Zhang Mingxiang , Herrick Jason R , Ermisch Alison F , Becker John , Schoolcraft William B , Barfield Jennifer P , Yuan Ye , Krisher Rebecca L
Published: November 2023

The refinement of embryo culture media is essential in improving embryo viability and in vitro production efficiency. Our previous work demonstrated that the nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins) in traditional culture media far exceed the need for an embryo and producing developmentally competent embryos in a reduced nutrient environment is feasible. Here, we aim to evaluate the impact of exogenous lipid and l-carnitine supplementation on bovine blastocyst development and refine our RN condition further. Zygotes were cultured in the control medium (100% nutrients) and reduced nutrient media containing 6.25% of the standard nutrient concentrations supplemented with l-carnitine and lipid-free or lipid-rich BSA. Increased blastocyst development was observed in the reduced nutrient lipid-rich medium compared to the other two groups. However, in both reduced nutrient conditions, blastocyst cell numbers were lower than those obtained in the control condition. We then examined the expression level of 18 transcripts correlated with lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, redox balance, and embryo quality, along with mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, ATP productions, and lipid profile. The results indicated that lipid metabolism, embryo quality, and redox enzyme-related genes were upregulated while the glucose-related gene was downregulated in embryos derived from reduced nutrient lipid-rich condition. Finally, we identified that the lipid-rich BSA has enriched linoleic, stearic, oleic, palmitic, and alpha-linoleic fatty acids, a lipid profile that may contribute to the increased lipid metabolism and improved blastocyst development of the bovine embryos under the reduced nutrient condition.

Lay summary

Assisted conception is a vital technique for cattle breeding. Embryos can be produced by IVF and grow in a special substance known as embryo culture medium. Previous studies suggested that culture medium with a high level of nutrients may have a negative impact on embryo growth. Here, we developed a special culture medium with very low levels of carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins, which contained more lipids and a special compound, to make it easier for lipids to move into the cells. The cattle embryos in this culture medium used more lipids and less glucose, and develop much better than ones in the culture medium with high levels of nutrients. Our work provides a unique model to study embryo metabolism and to help improve culture medium.
Derechos de las Mujeres en el siglo XXI: Avances y Retrocesos
Authors: Salgado Silva Maritza , Giusti Minotre Fannella
Published: November 2023

En Costa Rica, los derechos de las mujeres en el siglo XXI han experimentado tanto avances significativos como desafíos persistentes.  En este ensayo, se analizan los logros y retrocesos en la promoción de la igualdad de género y los derechos de las mujeres en el contexto actual, ante el desarrollo de un modelo de sociedad neoliberal, el surgimiento de discursos conservadores y una revivificación del neomachismo en sectores de la sociedad costarricense.

El análisis se basa en la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes oficiales como el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC), el Observatorio de la Violencia de Género contra las Mujeres y Acceso a la Justicia del Poder Judicial, El Estado de la Nación, ONU MUJERES, Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres (INAMU) entre otras, para obtener datos actualizados sobre de situación de las mujeres en Costa Rica.

Se contemplan los logros alcanzados en el nivel nacional, así como los aportes de las universidades públicas, en particular la Universidad Nacional, en la construcción de una sociedad más igualitaria y libre de violencias de género, mediante la introducción de los estudios de las mujeres y de género. De igual manera se realiza un balance de los rezagos y deudas pendientes que limitan la igualdad.

Este ensayo pretende promover la conciencia sobre la importancia de la igualdad de género y el empoderamiento de las mujeres, así como destacar la necesidad de acciones concretas para garantizar y fortalecer los derechos de las féminas en todas las esferas de la sociedad.
Los Encuentros Internacionales Artísticos Humanistas (2015-2023), un Espacio para Soñar
Authors: Carrillo Carlos Morúa
Published: November 2023

Este artículo tiene el propósito de descubrir cuáles son los grandes aprendizajes que obtienen los participantes en los Encuentros Internacionales Artísticos Humanistas y revela la manera solidaria y de equipo con la que se trabaja para mantener estos espacios con tampoco recursos. Estos eventos reúnen a bailarines, coreógrafos y agrupaciones de diversas partes del país. El arte del movimiento es el pretexto para realizar un intercambio con maestros nacionales e internacionales de América Latina y al calor de la danza realizar talleres, espectáculos y conversatorios en varias partes del país. El esfuerzo de este evento es colectivo porque varias instituciones universitarias, comunales y colegios trabajan en conjunto, logrando una labor en equipo digno de resaltar, en beneficio de las poblaciones que a través del arte, han logrado obtener experiencias que les permite  experimentar por medio de la danza de una manera transformadora, con aprendizajes diversos tanto por los talleres que reciben con diferentes maestros, como en la participación en espectáculos en conjunto, así como por el interacción que se efectúa en diferentes momentos. En aspectos un poco más sutiles se produce un gran intercambio intercultural gracias al mosaico de obras que se presentan y donde se ve reflejada la Costa Rica actual, que es calypso, que es folclore, que es baile popular, que también es danza contemporánea, cada comunidad muestra su trabajo artístico, pero ven orgullosos todo lo que somos y se ve reflejado en las obras.
Redakcinė kolegija ir turinys
Authors: T. 17 Lietuvos chirurgija
Published: November 2023

[text in Lithuanian]
The challenge of implant support prosthesis with a bony defect in the esthetic zone: a clinical report
Authors: Kalghoum Imen , Boudabous Emna , Mejri Oumayma , Ayechi Islem , Nouira Zohra , Hadyaoui Dalenda , Harzallah Belhassen
Published: November 2023

The replacement of a single incisor with an implant-supported prosthesis is considered as a professional challenge in daily practice. The aesthetic success of the restoration depends on several local and loco-regional factors that the practitioner must perfectly know. This article describes a 29 years old female patient who presented in the department of prosthodontics for the replacement of her lateral incisor and the restoration of her canine. After clinical and radiographic study, the minimal bone volume could only accommodate the placement of a narrow implant to support a ceramic incisor.
Evaluation of effectiveness and minimum inhibitory concentration of silver nanoparticles for decontamination of root canal systems
Authors: Filho Miguel Simão Haddad , Girardello Raquel , Tognetti Valdinéia Maria , Barcaro Letícia Martins , Rosa Sara Cristina Goes , Souza Janaina Rodrigues de , Barbosa Beatriz Aparecida , Medeiros João Marcelo Ferreira de
Published: November 2023

Endodontics is essential in the process of controlling pain and diseases of the pulp and periapex, thus becoming increasingly innovative, safe and effective. Endodontic treatment has several stages, including the process of canal evolution. This decontamination process is extremely important for the eradication of microorganisms in the SCR and the prevention of reinfection. During the instrumentation it is paramount that constant irrigation occurs to remove inflamed tissues, necrotics and also the biofilm present. The objective of the present study was to analyse the disinfectant capacity of two chemical substances, one of them in different concentrations, o n an aggressive microorganism present in the root canal system. The applied methodology was, in vitro experimental laboratory study, to compare the antimicrobial activity of 1% Sodium Hypochlorite and Silver Nanoparticle at 22 ppm, 70 ppmand 95 ppm, used against the pathogen E. faecalis, which were selected by the bank of microorganisms from the laboratory of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology of the Graduate Program in Health Sciences at Universidade São Francisco (USF), as well as determining the minimum concentration of the silver nanoparticle solution in inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Which storage was previously authorized by the Research Ethics Committee of the USF. After data collection, it was possible to conclude from the results that the 1% Sodium Hypochlorite, the Silver Nanoparticle at 70 ppm and 95 ppm, obtained positive results in terms of antimicrobial activity, in comparison with the Silver Nanoparticle at 22 ppm, which obtained a negative result on the microorganism.
Diabetes in Pregnancy, Neonatal Morbidities, and Early Growth in Moderate or Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Buck Catherine O. , Shabanova Veronika , Clark Reese H. , Taylor Sarah N.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES

To compare differences in short term morbidities and early growth among moderate and late preterm infants of mothers with and without diabetes (DM) in pregnancy.

METHODS

In a longitudinal analysis using data from the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse of preterm infants (born 32 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks) discharged from neonatal intensive care units from 2008 to 2019, health characteristics were compared between DM exposure groups. Change in growth from birth to discharge were compared using linear mixed effects modeling.

RESULTS

Among 301 499 moderate and late preterm infants in the analysis, 14% (N = 42 519) were exposed to DM in pregnancy. Incidence of congenital anomalies, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia were higher in DM-group (P < .001), and DM-group was more likely to need respiratory support in the first postnatal days (P = .02). Percent weight change from birth differed by gestational age, such that 36-week DM-group infants remained on average 2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57 to 2.41) below birth weight on day 14, whereas 32-week DM-group infants were on average 2.1% (95% CI: 1.69 to 2.51) above birth weight on day 14. In the regression analysis, DM-group had faster weight loss in the first postnatal week when stratified by gestational age. The adjusted difference in weight velocity (g per day) from days 0 to 3 was −4.5 (95% CI: −5.1 to −3.9), −6.5 (95% CI: −7.4 to −5.7), and -7.2 (95% CI: −8.2 to −6.2) for infants born 34-, 35-, and 36-weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In moderate or late preterm infants, diabetes in pregnancy is associated with common neonatal morbidities. Examination of intensive care nutritional practices may identify reasons for observed differences in weight trajectories by gestational age and diabetes exposure.
Role of periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression: An overview
Authors: Rao Amita , Kumar Ballamoole Krishna
Published: November 2023

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease marked by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous components in the large arteries. It is one of the primary causes of heart disease and stroke. Periodontal diseases encompass conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis, which are multifactorial diseases associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms that trigger an immune-inflammatory host response, eventually resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. Links between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis may be based on direct invasion of periodontal pathogens or inflammatory mechanisms triggered by bacteria related to periodontal lesions, locally or systemically, that may impact the initiation of the atherosclerotic lesion. The presence of periodontal pathogens within an atheromatous lesion implies hematogenous dissemination. The invasion of atheroma by periodontal pathogens results in changes in the proatherogenic and proinflammatory properties of endothelial cells, leading to endothelial dysfunction, which is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Clinical and epidemiological studies have offered sufficient evidence of periodontitis having an adverse effect on systemic health, including atherosclerosis; however, a direct causal effect has not yet been proved. This review aims to analyse scientific results regarding the mechanism by which periodontal pathogens may cause atherosclerosis as well as to describe the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression.
Cardamine Occulta: A New Weed and Alien Plant Species in Banana Production Greenhouses in Türkiye
Authors: Torun H. , Özkil M. , Aksoy N. , Üremiş İ. , Uludağ A.
Published: November 2023

Banana is a cash crop in Mediterranean Region of Türkiye, which is grown mainly in greenhouses and open fields. In weed flora surveys carried out in 2021 and 2022, an Eastern Asian plant, Cardamine occulta Hornem. (Brassicaceae), was determined first time in 60% of banana greenhouses in Türkiye. The species had been recorded in Europe in the second half of the 20th century, and then spread especially in urban areas of many European countries and Mediterranean Basin, which implies many habitats in Türkiye under the threat of C. occulta. The main diagnostic morphological features and an identification key are presented in comparison with those for allied C. flexuosa With. and C. hirsuta L. An eradication program is suggested because it is not scattered but limited with banana greenhouses in Türkiye.
Subtle pulmonary interstitial emphysema in attempted suicide by ingestion of a cleaning product: Computed Tomography features
Authors: Belloni Elena , Lucev Federica , Stoppa Davide , Casazza Alberto
Published: November 2023

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare condition most commonly encountered in mechanically ventilated patients, either infants or adults. This condition can also be diagnosed in blunt chest trauma or other conditions while performing Valsalva-like maneuvers and is often associated with pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. We present the case of a patient with subtle PIE, subcutaneous emphysema and massive pneumomediastinum after protracted vomiting following a suicidal attempt by caustic ingestion. Radiologists should be aware of the potentially subtle Computed Tomography features of PIE in order to make the correct diagnosis and rule out other tracheobronchial and esophageal injuries.
‘Discourse and Diversionary Justice: An Analysis of Youth Justice Conferencing’ Michelle Zappavigna, James Martin (2018)
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Qiu Shuyuan
Published: November 2023

Discourse and Diversionary Justice: An Analysis of Youth Justice ConferencingMichelle Zappavigna, James Martin (2018)Palgrave Macmillan, xxv + 352 pp
Molecular dynamics simulation of the Ni – FLiNaK interface: adsorption layers as origin of metal passivity
Authors:   Institute of High–Temperature Electrochemistry, Zakiryanov Dmitry O. , Kobelev Mikhail A. ,   Institute of High–Temperature Electrochemistry
Published: November 2023

The method of classical molecular dynamics was used to study the Ni (solid) – FliNaK (melt) phase separation boundary at temperatures of 800 K, 1000K , and 1200 K. An ab initio-based pairwise model is developed to describe the interactions that take place at the Ni – FLiNaK interface. It was shown that at temperatures of 800 K and 1000 K, lithium and fluorine ions are predominantly adsorbed on the nickel surface in the form of a two-dimensional ordered structure. Such a dense layer prevents the dissolution of nickel and the metal solid has no defects in the surface layer. However, at a temperature of 1200 K the structure of the adsorption layer is noticeably disturbed with the partial replacement of lithium ions by sodium ones. Along with higher temperature, this leads to the formation of point defects and degradation of the surface layers of the nickel crystal lattice.
Viscosity of fluoride melts promising for molten salt nuclear reactors
Authors:   Institute of High–Temperature Electrochemistry, Tkacheva Olga Yu. , Rudenko Alexey V. ,   Institute of High–Temperature Electrochemistry, Kataev Alexander A. ,   Institute of High–Temperature Electrochemistry
Published: November 2023

The viscosity of molten salt, as an important hydrodynamic property, should be taken into account when creating and operating molten salt nuclear reactors (MSRs). An eutectic FLiNaK is considered to be one of the most suitable for use in MSR designed for the minor actinides transmutation. The dynamic viscosity of the molten mixtures FLiNaK + NdF3, FLiNaK + CeF3 and FLiNaK + LaF3 was measured in a temperature range of 600–700 °C using the high-temperature rotary rheometer FRS-1600. Lanthanide fluorides were considered as analogues of actinide fluorides. It was revealed that the additions of rare earth fluorides (REM)F3 in amount of 15 mol. % significantly impact the viscosity of the system FLiNaK + (REM)F3,but the effect of NdF3, CeF3 and LaF3 was found to be almost the same. In order to calculate the kinematic viscosity of the molten mixture FLiNaK + NdF3, a regression equation depending on several parameters was derived. This model equation can be used for predicting the kinematic viscosity of molten mixtures of FLiNaK with other rare earth fluorides.
UM CURRÍCULO-DESBUNDE TATUADO NO CU
Authors: Silva Junior Alcidesio Oliveira da , Maknamara Marlécio
Published: November 2023

Por meio das teorias pós-críticas do currículo, temos como objetivo neste texto cartografar as dissidências de masculinidade que são produzidas no filme Tatuagem (Brasil, 2013, Direção de Hilton Lacerda) entendendo a potência do filme na educação do olhar para as diferenças de gênero e de sexualidade. O filme, um dos representantes da nova seara do cinema pernambucano, conta a história da relação amorosa entre Clécio, um artista tropicalista, e Arlindo, um tímido soldado que serve ao regime militar em pleno ano de 1978. Como metodologia, a cartografia, inspirada nos filósofos da diferença Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, nos serviu de guia para uma atenção criativa e inventiva em torno das imagens. Concluímos que a experiência contracultural dos personagens de Tatuagem produz um currículo-desbunde que opera dissidências nas masculinidades em dois movimentos: 1) através da força da ironia e do deboche, da anarquia da linguagem e da performance e 2) por meio de um devir-mulher que sai pelo cu, este território de prazer abjetificado pela cultura heterossexual, mas que ganha força de rizoma no filme.
New data on the spider fauna of West Kazakhstan Region (Arachnida: Araneae)
Authors:   Perm State University, Esyunin Sergei L. , Kabdrakhimov Alibi A. ,   Perm State University
Published: November 2023

Regular arachno-faunistic studies of West Kazakhstan Region started only in the 90s of the 20th century. To date, over 65 arachnological papers on this region have been published,. Yet, the spider fauna of West Kazakhstan Region remains incompletely studied. A list of 77 spider species collected in 2021-2022 from West Kazakhstan Region is provided. Three species - Mecynargus minutipalpis Gnelitsa, 2011, Neoscona spasskyi (Brignoli, 1983) and Rhysodromus hierosolymitanus (Levy, 1977), are recorded from Kazakhstan for the first time. Nineteen species are reported for West Kazakhstan Region for the first time, and 86 new district records are provided for 55 species. Baseed on the present results, a total number of spider species recorded from West Kazakhstan Region has raised to 274 species in 130 genera and 23 families. Three poorly known species, Evippa sjostedti Schenkel, 1936, M. minutipalpis and R. hierosolymitanus, as well as one jumping spider Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877), are illustrated with photographs of their epigynes.
Reproductive characteristics of the blue bream Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Kama reservoir
Authors:   Perm Branch «VNIRO», Kazarinov Semen N. , Karalash Anna A. ,   Perm Branch «VNIRO»,   Perm State University, Komarova Lidia V. ,   Perm Branch «VNIRO»,   Perm State University, Baklanov Mikhail A. ,   Perm State University, Ponosov Stanislav V. ,   Perm Branch «VNIRO»
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the age and sex structure of the spawning part of the blue bream population in the Kama reservoir in 2019–2022. The age structure of the blue bream is characterized by a high number of older groups, which is associated with the peculiarity of fishing in the Kama reservoir. In comparison with earlier data on the reservoir, a reduction in the timing of fish puberty has been established, currently timed to the 5-year-old age for males, and to the 6-year-old age for females. It was revealed that the life expectancy of fish increased to 17 years of age. A study of fertility of blue bream was carried out on 87 females represented by 11 age groups. The limits of variation of individual absolute fecundity have been determined to exceed the earlier data, the minimum of individual absolute fecundity is 8.6 thousand eggs, the maximum of individual absolute fecundity is 78.8 thousand eggs. It is shown, that the reproductive ability of the females of the blue bream in the Kama reservoir remains at a high level and is characterized by increase in the average values of individual relative fertility up to 10 years of age, the maximum average values of relative fertility are observed in 15-year-old fish.
Expression of cadaverine biosynthesis genes under superoxide oxidative stress
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Akhova Anna V. , Sekatskaya Polina A. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Tkachenko Alexander G. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS
Published: November 2023

The effect of redox-cycling methyl viologen, which causes the production of superoxide and formation of oxidative stress in bacterial cells, on the expression of the cadA and ldcC genes was studied. Gene expression was assessed using Escherichia coli strains bearing reporter gene fusions of the promoters of the studied genes with the structural part of the lacZ gene; expression values are given in Miller units. Bacteria were grown in batch cultures in LB broth without agitation or with agitation at 100 r.p.m. We have shown that exposure to methyl viologen, which leads to the induction of the nfo gene included in the soxRS regulon of oxidative defense (a long-term increase in the expression level by 10 times), led to a slight and short-term increase in the expression of the cadA and ldcC genes (by a maximum of 1.4 times, no longer than 1 h). An increase in the strength of oxidative stress due to elevated agitation/aeration had no effect on the expression of the cadA and ldcC genes. Methyl viologen at the concentrations used (1-100 μg/mL) did not affect the number of colony-forming units in the culture. Thus, non-lethal superoxide stress caused by exposure of bacteria to methyl viologen had little effect on the expression of the ldcC and cadA genes compared to the genes included in the soxRS regulon, which were strongly induced under these conditions.
Metabolic regulation of natural killer functions
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS – branch of Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Orlova Ekaterina G.
Published: November 2023

Changes in the body metabolism affect the metabolic and functional activity of cells of the immune system. Pregnancy is characterized by changes in hormone production, basal metabolism, immunoreactivity, increase of fat mass. During pregnancy, NK cells acquire a regulatory phenotype, migrate to the uterus and become the dominant subpopulation of lymphocytes in uterus (decidual NK), which is necessary to maintain the invasive syncytiotrophoblast growth. This transformation into decidual NK cells is accompanied by increased glucose consumption and a predominant transition from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. The key molecules involved in controlling the implementation of metabolic programs of NK cells are the target for rapamycin in mammalian cells (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The modularization of mTOR and AMPK activity by various agents (hormones, cytokines) during pregnancy determines the metabolic reprogramming of the NK cell phenotype and functions. The study of the metabolic regulation of the NK functional activity is necessary to increase the effectiveness of NK cell therapy.