bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homely Atmospheres and Lighting Technologies in Denmark
Authors: Bille Mikkel
Published: December 2018

Using case studies, such as the use of candlelight and energy saving lightbulbs in Denmark, this book unravels light’s place at the heart of social life. In contrast to common perception of light as a technical and aesthetic phenomenon, Mikkel Bille argues that there is a cultural and social logic to lighting practices. By empirically investigating the social role of lighting in people's everyday lives, Mikkel Bille reveals how and why people visually shape their homes.

Moving beyond the impact of its use, Bille also comments on the politics of lighting to examine how ideas of pollution and home act as barriers for technological fixes to curb energy demand. Attitudes to these issues are reflective of how human perceptions and practices are central to the efforts to cope with climate change.

This ethnographic study is a must-read for students of anthropology, cultural studies, human geography, sociology and design.

Homely Atmospheres and Energy Saving Technologies – Living with light investigates the role of lighting in people’s everyday life. In a context of political pressure to lower energy consumption, the book examines how people have adopted or resisted energy saving light bulbs as component in defining homeliness, social identity, and morality of energy consumption. Through a case study of the introduction of the energy saving light bulb in Denmark it addresses the broader question of ‘what is good lighting?’ from an anthropological perspective. The book argues that rather than merely making the world visible, light and lighting has an atmospheric potential that shapes subjectivity, communities, politics and national sentiments. Light is part of a continuous practice of attuning atmospheres.

The overall argument is that research on lighting has been dominated by technical, biological or aesthetic concerns, that, while fruitful to our understanding of light, also ignores the social life it helps forge. With a social approach to lighting, the book shows how homely atmospheres are shaped in the age of energy saving light bulbs. This takes the reader around seeing how light and atmospheres are conceptualised in cultural ways, how lighting is part of everyday practices and routines, the communities it sustains, the meanings it has, the knowledge it takes to use, and the politics it is entangled in.
FRESCO-B: A fast cloud retrieval algorithm using oxygen B-band
measurements from GOME-2
Authors: Desmons Marine , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet , Tilstra L. Gijsbert
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The FRESCO (Fast Retrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A-band) algorithm is a simple, fast and robust algorithm used to retrieve cloud information in operational satellite data processing. It has been applied to GOME-1, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2 and more recently to TROPOMI. FRESCO retrieves effective cloud fraction and cloud pressure from measurements in the oxygen A-band around 761 nm. In this paper, we propose a new version of the algorithm, called FRESCO-B, which is based on measurements in the oxygen B-band around 687 nm. Such a method is interesting for vegetated surfaces where the surface albedo is much lower in the B-band than in the A-band, which limits the ground contribution to the top-of-atmosphere reflectances. In this study we first perform retrieval simulations. These show that the retrieved cloud pressures from FRESCO-B and FRESCO differ only between −10 hPa and +10 hPa, except for high thin clouds over vegetation where the difference is larger, about +15 to +30 hPa, with FRESCO-B yielding higher pressures. Next, inter-comparison between FRESCO-B and FRESCO retrievals over one month of GOME-2B data reveals that the effective cloud fractions retrieved in the O2 A and B bands are very similar (mean difference of 0.003) while the cloud pressures show a mean difference of 11.5 hPa, with FRESCO-B retrieving higher pressures than FRESCO. This agrees with the simulations and is partly due to deeper photons penetrations of O2 B-band in clouds as compared to the O2 A-band photons, and partly due to the surface albedo bias in FRESCO. Finally, validation with ground-based measurements shows that the FRESCO-B cloud pressure represents an altitude within the cloud boundaries for clouds that are not too far from the Lambertian reflector model, which occurs in about 50 % of the cases.
The role of hydrodynamic and biogeochemistry on CO2 flux and
pCO2 at the Amazon River mouth
Authors: Less Diani F. S. , Cunha Alan C. , Sawakuchi Henrique O. , Neu Vania , Valério Aline M. , Ward Nicholas D. , Brito Daimio C. , Diniz Joel E. M. , Gagne-Maynard William , Abreu Carlos M. , Kampel Milton , Krusche Alex V. , Richey Jeffrey E.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Recent estimates indicate that the lower Amazon River outgasses significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) that was not previously accounted for the global inland water carbon budget. Detailed evaluation of seasonal variability and controlling mechanisms behind the CO2 fluxes in this large and complex area remains incomplete. Previous observations throughout the Amazon basin showed that higher CO2 fluxes (FCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) occur during high water and higher wind intensity seasons. The influence of wind and water speed, depth of water column, as well as respiration of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, are frequently assigned as the main control variables. Here, we assess the influence of a set of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic parameters on the seasonal variation of FCO2 and pCO2 near the Amazon River mouth. FCO2, pCO2 and biogeochemical and hydrologic analyses were carried out from 2010 to 2016 during four different hydrological periods per year (N = 25) in the North Channel of the Amazon River mouth. FCO2 and pCO2 were used as independent variables and analyzed against 33 biogeochemical, hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters along the hydrological seasons. The highest FCO2 and pCO2 was obtained at high discharge season (11.28 ± 7.82 μmol m−2 s−1 and (4575 ± 429 μatm, respectively) when most of these parameters tend to be higher. Among the 33 parameters analyzed, the significant correlations with FCO2 and pCO2 (p < 0.05) observed were for water and air temperatures, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and pH. These variables could be considered suitable predictors for estimating pCO2 and FCO2 in the Amazon River mouth area. For a better estimation and understanding of carbon budgets in tropical rivers it is still required to verify and to quantify more deeply the relationship among CO2 evasion and others hydrodynamic, meteorological and biogeochemical variables.
Commercial traceability of Arapaima spp. fisheries in the Amazon
Basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful?
Authors: Pereira Luciana A. , Santos Roberto V. , Hauser Marília , Duponchelle Fabrice , Carvajal Fernando , Pecheyran Christophe , Bérail Sylvain , Pouilly Marc
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The development of analytical tools to determine the origin of fish is useful to better understand patterns of habitat use and to monitor, manage and control fisheries, including certification of food origin. The application of isotopic procedures to study fish calcified structures (scales, vertebrae, and otoliths) may provide robust information about the fish geographic origin and environmental living conditions. In this study, we used Sr and C isotopic markers recorded in otoliths of wild and farmed commercialized pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) to evaluate their prediction potential to trace the fish origin. Wild and farm fish specimens, as well as food used for feeding pirarucu in captivity, were collected from different sites. Isotope analyses of otoliths performed by IRMS (δ13C) and LAfs-MC-ICPMS (87Sr/86Sr) were compared to the isotopic composition of water and of the food given to the fish in the farms. Wild fish specimens that lived in environments with the largest fluctuation of river water Sr isotope ratios over time presented the largest Sr isotope variations in otoliths. A quadratic discriminant analysis on otolith isotopic composition provided 58 % of correct classification for fish production (wild and farmed) and 76 % of correct classification for the fish region. Classification accuracy for region varied between 100 % and 29 % for the Madeira and the lower Amazon fishes, respectively. Overall, this preliminary trial is not yet fully satisfying to be applied as a commercial traceability tool. However, given the importance of Arapaima spp. for food security and the generation of economic resources for millions of people in the Amazon basin, further analyses are needed to increase the discrimination performance of these biogeographical tags.
Optimization of the WRFV3.7 adjoint model
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Bin
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This work focused on a new strategy for productively improving the performance of adjoint models. By using several techniques including the push/pop-free method, careful Input/Output (IO) analysis and the use of the conception of adjoint locality, we reduced the adjoint cost of the Weather Research and Forecasting plus (WRFPLUS) by almost half on different numbers of processors especially with a slight decrease in total memory. Several experiments are conducted using the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) method. The results show that the total time cost of running a 4DVar application is decreased by approximately 1/3.
Estimating the effect of rainfall on the surface temperature of a tropical lake
Authors: Rooney Gabriel Gerard , van Lipzig Nicole , Thiery Wim
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We make use of a unique high-quality, long-term observational
dataset on a tropical lake to assess the effect of rainfall on lake
surface temperature. The lake in question is Lake Kivu, one of the
African Great Lakes, and was selected for its remarkably uniform
climate and availability of multi-year over-lake meteorological
observations. Rain may have a cooling effect on the lake surface by
lowering the near-surface air temperature, by the direct rain heat
flux into the lake, by mixing the lake surface layer through the
flux of kinetic energy and by convective mixing of the lake surface
layer. The potential importance of the rainfall effect is discussed
in terms of both heat flux and kinetic energy flux. To estimate the
rainfall effect on the mean diurnal cycle of lake surface
temperature, the data are binned into categories of daily
rainfall amount. They are further filtered based on comparable
values of daily mean net radiation, which reduces the influence of
radiative-flux differences. Our results indicate that days with
heavy rainfall may experience a reduction in lake surface
temperature of approximately 0.3 K by the end of the day compared to
days with light to moderate rainfall. Overall this study highlights
a new potential control on lake surface temperature and suggests
that further efforts are needed to quantify this effect in other
regions and to include this process in land surface models used
for atmospheric prediction.
Caffeine vs. carbamazepine as indicators of wastewater pollution in a karst aquifer
Authors: Dvory Noam Zach , Livshitz Yakov , Kuznetsov Michael , Adar Eilon , Gasser Guy , Pankratov Irena , Lev Ovadia , Yakirevich Alexander
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the analysis of caffeine and carbamazepine
transport in the subsurface as a result of wastewater release in the Sorek
creek over the outcrops of the carbonate, Yarkon-Taninim, aquifer in Israel.
Both caffeine and carbamazepine were used as indicators of sewage
contamination in the subsurface. While carbamazepine is considered
conservative, caffeine is subject to sorption and degradation. The objective
of the study was to quantify differences in their transport under similar
conditions in the karst aquifer. Water flow and pollutant transport in a
“vadose zone–aquifer” system were simulated by a quasi-3-D dual
permeability numerical model. The results of this study show that each of
these two pollutants can be considered effective tracers for characterization
and assessment of aquifer contamination. Carbamazepine was found to be more
suitable for assessing the contamination boundaries, while caffeine can be
used as a contaminant tracer only briefly after contamination occurs. In
instances where there are low concentrations of carbamazepine which appear as
background contamination in an aquifer, caffeine might serve as a better
marker for detecting new contamination events, given its temporal nature. The
estimated caffeine degradation rate and the distribution coefficient of a
linear sorption isotherm were 0.091 d−1 and
0.1 L kg−1, respectively, which imply a
high attenuation capacity. The results of the simulation indicate that by the
end of the year most of the carbamazepine mass (approximately 95 %)
remained in the matrix of the vadose zone, while all of the caffeine was
completely degraded a few months after the sewage was discharged.
Estimating vertically averaged energy dissipation rate
Authors: Sugiura Nozomi , Kouketsu Shinya , Masuda Shuhei , Osafune Satoshi , Yasuda Ichiro
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The energy dissipation rate is an important characteristic of turbulence; however, its magnitude in observational profiles can be misidentified owing to its erratic evolution. By analysing observed data from oceanic turbulence, we show that the vertical sequences of depth-averaged energy dissipation rates have a scaling property, and propose a method to suitably estimate the vertically averaged value by utilizing that property. For scaling in the observed profiles, we found that averaging neighbouring points increases the expected value of its logarithm proportionally to the logarithm of the averaging interval. Furthermore, the population mean can be estimated for the logarithm of the vertically averaged energy dissipation rate from a single observation profile, by scaling up and promoting the observed value at each depth to one that corresponds to the whole profile. The estimate allows to distinguish whether an observational profile exhibits a momentarily high value by intermittency or maintains high energy dissipation on average.
Testing the validity of regional detail in global analyses of Sea
surface temperature – the case of Chinese coastal waters
Authors: Li Yan , von Storch Hans , Wang Qingyyuan , Zhou Qingliang
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We have designed a method for testing the quality of multidecadal analyses of SST in regional seas by using a set of high-quality local SST observations. In recognizing that local data may reflect local effects, we focus on dominant EOFs of the local data and of the localized data of the analyses. We examine patterns, and the variability as well as the trends of the principal components. This method is applied to examine four different SST analyses, namely HadISST1, ERSST, COBE SST, and NOAA OISST. They are assessed using a newly constructed high-quality data set of SST at 26 coastal stations along the Chinese coast in 1960–2015 which underwent careful examination with respect to quality, and a number of corrections of inhomogeneities. The four gridded analyses perform by and large well, in particular since 1980. However, for the pre-satellite time period, before 1980, the analyses differ among each other and show some inconsistencies with the local data, such as artificial break points, periods of bias and differences in trends. We conclude that gridded SST-analyses need improvement in the pre-satellite time (prior to 1980s), by re-examining in detail archives of local quality-controlled SST data in many data-sparse regions of the world.
The influence of detachment strength on the evolving deformational energy budget of physical accretionary prisms
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Cooke Michele , Souloumiac Pauline , Maillot Bertrand , Mary Baptiste
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Tracking the evolution of the deformational energy budget within accretionary systems provides insight into the driving mechanisms that control fault development. To quantify the impact of these mechanisms on overall system efficiency, we estimate energy budget components as the first thrust fault pair develops in dry-sand accretion experiments. We track energy budget components in experiments that include and exclude a basal layer of glass beads in order to investigate the influence of detachment strength on work partitioning. We use the measurements of normal force exerted on the backwall to estimate external work, and measurements of strain observed on the sides of the sand packs to estimate the internal work, frictional work and work against gravity done within increments of each experiment. Thrust fault development reduces the incremental external work and incremental internal work, and increases the incremental frictional work and incremental gravitational work. The faults that develop within higher-friction detachment experiments produce greater frictional work than the faults in experiments with glass bead detachments because the slip distribution along the detachments remains the same, while the effective friction coefficient of the detachment differs between the experiments. The imbalance of the cumulative work budget suggests that additional deformational processes that are not fully captured in our measurements of the energy budget, such as acoustic energy, consume work within the deforming wedge.
Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to climate change
Authors: Bulthuis Kevin , Arnst Maarten , Sun Sainan , Pattyn Frank
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Ice loss from the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) is expected to become the major contributor to sea-level rise in the next centuries. Projections of the AIS response to climate change based on numerical ice-sheet models remain challenging to establish due to the complexity of physical processes involved in ice-sheet dynamics, including instability mechanisms that can destabilise marine sectors with retrograde slopes. Moreover, uncertainties in ice-sheet models limit the ability to provide accurate sea-level rise projections. Here, we apply probabilistic methods to a hybrid ice-sheet model to investigate the influence of several sources of uncertainty, namely sources of uncertainty in atmospheric forcing, basal sliding, grounding-line flux parameterisation, calving, sub-shelf melting, ice-shelf rheology and bedrock relaxation, on the continental response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change over the next millennium. We provide probabilistic projections of sea-level rise and grounding-line retreat and we carry out stochastic sensitivity analyses to determine the most influential sources of uncertainty. We find that all sources of uncertainty, except perhaps the bedrock relaxation times, contribute to the uncertainty in the projections. We show that the sensitivity of the projections to uncertainties increases and the contribution of the uncertainty in sub-shelf melting to the uncertainty in the projections becomes more and more dominant as the scenario gets warmer. We show that the significance of the AIS contribution to sea-level rise is controlled by marine ice-sheet instability (MISI) in marine basins, with the biggest contribution stemming from the more vulnerable West Antarctic ice sheet. We find that, irrespectively of parametric uncertainty, the strongly mitigated RCP 2.6 scenario prevents the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet, that in both RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 scenarios the occurrence of MISI in marine basins is more sensitive to parametric uncertainty and that, almost irrespectively of parametric uncertainty, RCP 8.5 triggers the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet.
Art, Mysticism, and the Other: Kristeva’s Adel and Teresa
Authors: Miller Elaine P.
Published: December 2018

Kristeva's Teresa My Love concerns the life and thought of a 16th century Spanish mystic, written in the form of a novel.  Yet the theme of another kind of foreigner, equally exotic but this time threatening, pops up unexpectedly and disappears several times during the course of the novel.  At the very beginning of the story, the 21st century narrator, psychoanalyst Sylvia Leclerque, encounters a young woman in a headscarf, whom Kristeva describes as an IT engineer, who speaks out, explaining that "she and her God were one and that the veil was the immovable sign of this 'union,' which she wished to publicize in order to definitively 'fix it' in herself and in the eyes of others." In this paper I ask what difference Kristeva discerns between these two women, a distinction that apparently makes Teresa's immanence simultaneously a transcendence, but transforms a Muslim woman in a headscarf immediately into an imagined suicide bomber.  Despite the problematic aspects of this comparison, we can learn something from them about Kristeva's ideas on mysticism and on art.  Both mysticism and art are products of the death drive, but whereas the suicide bomber and the animal directly and purely pursue death (again, on Kristeva's view) Teresa and Adel remain on its outer edge and merely play with mortality.
Pluralización de "haber" existencial en el "Corpus del español del siglo XXI"
Authors: Criado de Diego Cecilia
Published: December 2018

Aunque las autoridades académicas consideran que el verbo haber existencial es transitivo e impersonal, su uso concordado se manifiesta en varios lugares del mundo hispánico, como lo demuestran algunos estudios de corte cuantitativo y regional. Registramos aquí los usos personalizados hallados en el Corpus del español del siglo XXI y analizamos la posible incidencia de algunas variables lingüísticas (tipo de sintagma, tiempo y modo verbal), estilísticas (tipo de texto) y geolectales (país, área dialectal). Concluimos que la pluralización del verbo haber existencial es hoy un fenómeno minoritario pero extendido por todas las áreas dialectales, incluso en textos escritos por hablantes cultos en situaciones formales.
Interacción entre conectores y conocimiento previo en el procesamiento de la coherencia causal
Authors: Moncada Fernando
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar el efecto de los conectores en la eficiencia del procesamiento de relaciones de coherencia causal en lectores con diversos grados de conocimiento previo. Se implementó un experimento con estudiantes universitarios de una misma área disciplinar utilizando el paradigma de lectura autocontrolada con ventana cumulativa y combinando mediciones en línea (tiempos de lectura) y fuera de línea (precisión en una tarea de verificación). Para controlar su grado de conocimiento previo, los participantes fueron agrupados según el paradigma Experto-Novato dependiendo del año de estudios en el que se encontraban. Nuestros datos muestran, a nivel general, que, pese a que los conectores causales incrementan los tiempos de lectura, facilitan una comprensión más profunda. En cuanto a la comparación entre grupos, si bien nuestros datos no muestran diferencias entre ellos, revelan el mismo patrón general. Estos datos sugieren que, al menos en entornos especializados, los conectores desencadenan una lectura intencionada, lo que en el caso de lectores con alto grado de conocimiento disciplinar, como los de nuestro estudio, involucra que los recursos cognitivos son utilizados para asegurar una comprensión profunda. Asimismo, nuestros datos sugieren que una lectura más veloz, no necesariamente asegura la construcción de una representación mental coherente.
Influence of Revenue Mobilization Practices on Service Delivery in Decentralized Governments: The Case of District Assemblies in Ghana
Authors: Scott George Kojo
Published: December 2018

This study analyzed how revenue mobilization practices in the District Assemblies (DAs) of Ghana influence service delivery. The research adopted the mixed methods research design and gathered qualitative and quantitative data using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Multi-stage sampling method where thirty four out of 170 districts were selected from which the study sampled 612 DA officials and 1020 citizens who responded to questionnaires. The sample also included 28 key interview informants and 20 participants in two focus group discussions. The study analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics and regression, while qualitative data were interpreted thematically. The study established that revenue mobilization practices at the DAs had a positive and significant effect on service delivery. The study recommends that the DA authorities should audit and review automated revenue collection tools to ensure optimal benefits from these automations. The parliament and District Assemblies are encouraged to review and consolidate the existing financial management legal framework to ensure faster transfer of funds to the district assemblies and specify sanctions on national government officials who mishandle or delay the funds.
A língua, as línguas, o pensamento: apontamentos de leitura de Categorias de pensamento e categorias de língua
Authors: Flores Valdir Do Nascimento
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho visa examinar o artigo de Émile Benveniste, Categorias de pensamento e categorias de língua, de 1958, publicado novamente, em 1966, no livro Problemas da Linguística Geral 1. O objetivo geral é apresentar como Benveniste pensa a relação entre pensamento e linguagem. Para fazer isso, em primeiro lugar, é apresentado o contexto de aparição do artigo; em seguida, faz-se uma leitura do artigo, tentando estabelecer os principais pontos de reflexão do autor. Finalmente, as conclusões são formuladas. Este texto conclui destacando as seguintes relações: o pensamento e o símbolo, a língua e a realidade, a língua e as línguas.
Sobre a definição de dêixis a partir de "A natureza dos pronomes"
Authors: Ciulla Alena
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo, apresento uma reflexão sobre o texto de Émile Benveniste, intitulado A natureza dos pronomes, publicado em Problemas de Linguística Geral I – texto citado reiteradamente na literatura, quando se trata de definir a dêixis. Contudo, classificações diferentes e quase sempre inconsistentes – ou no mínimo ambíguas – são apresentadas para tipos dêiticos com base nesta definição, supostamente amparada na obra de Benveniste. O intuito aqui não é o de fazer uma revisão das tipologias dêiticas na literatura, mas, neste momento, apenas o de retornar ao texto fundamental do autor e salientar aquilo que nele parece ser o mais importante: não a dêixis e seu traço de ostensão, mas a sua característica de auto-referência como fenômeno essencial à linguagem.
“Os perfumes, as cores e os sons se correspondem”: Benveniste e a busca pela imagem criativa em Baudelaire
Authors: Vier Sabrina
Published: December 2018

Em 1992, manuscritos de Émile Benveniste sobre a linguagem poética foram anunciados e geraram o que hoje se conhece como Dossiê Baudelaire. Este estudo objetiva verificar como a escrita de Benveniste presente no dossiê esboça um estudo semiológico de uma obra. O corpus são 159 fólios que deixam ver termos e procedimentos ruminados na escrita de Benveniste. Os resultados apontam que a particularidade e a singularidade do discurso de Baudelaire devem-se à imagem do espelho, que engendra outras imagens criativas. A correspondência é, então, o princípio que estrutura o universo poético baudelaireano.
Delocutividade e distúrbios de linguagem
Authors: Méa Celia Della
Published: December 2018

A noção de delocutividade proposta por Émile Benveniste em Os verbos delocutivos (1958) é o foco desta reflexão que se propõe a resgatar a concepção original benvenistiana, considerar propostas que a contestam e/ou afirmam e a expandem, averiguar a noção aplicada ao contexto brasileiro e, por fim, a vislumbrar possibilidades interpretativas de distúrbios de linguagem, considerando o fenômeno da delocutividade. Nessa trajetória, chega-se à compreensão de que a noção delocutiva é um processo que pode ser extensivo à língua toda e que por meio dele revelam-se significâncias, entendidas como efeitos da enunciação sobre a língua. É nessa acepção que o estudo sobre o reaver a linguagem fruto de distúrbio, ou seja, em novo estado nascente, pode ser percebido
Interprofessional communication: How do we do it?
Authors: Harper Joann C. , Kracun Mary D.
Published: December 2018

Interprofessional education in preparation for the skills to execute teams and teamwork through interprofessional collaboration has been publicized and mandated by several professional associations through accreditation standards. The prerequisite is emphasized by the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) as a mantra for successful healthcare outcomes. In response, the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (known as IPEC) published core competencies in 2011 with an update in 2016. While these statements are not each independently expressed in measurable terms, they stand as a compendium to guide interprofessional collaboration. To date, the literature does not reflect a comprehensive approach to explicating or interpreting these to be embraced more readily. Further, the literature to enlighten student education outstrips the literature to illuminate faculty education, though we acknowledge the work of the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education to inspire faculty education through a variety of platforms. Though the IPEC publications represent seminal work in the US, built on earlier work from the UK and others, its translation for faculty education applying a straight-forward, orderly, and methodical approach has not been done. Our attempt was to take one of the four (“4”) IPEC core competencies, Core Competency 3: Interprofessional Communication, and describe its underpinnings in a systematic way as another tool for faculty education. It may open the door to further expound on each competency statement to employ IPEC competencies within a healthcare community that includes students, faculty and post graduate professionals.
Implication of Output Hypothesis on Teaching College English Writing
Authors: Wei Honglan
Published: December 2018

In recent years, with the development of the research on the Output Hypothesis, many researchers and ChineseEnglish teachers have paid attention to this hypothesis. Since writing is considered to be a way of output on the fieldof second language acquisition, teachers in college have begun to apply Swain’s “Output Hypothesis” to teachingcollege English writing. It does work but still remains problems. Therefore, this paper will introduce the existingproblems of applying the output hypothesis on the writing class in our college, based on the interview byinterviewing six seniors majoring in English from different classes in our Foreign Language College. Also, this paperwill provide some suggestions on these problems existing in teaching college English writing.
An Effective Training Program for Registered Sales Clerks Who Sell Over-the-Counter Drugs in Japan: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nakagawa Nami , Okano Hitomi , Kyoba Yuuichi , Yamada Seiichiro , Suzuki Hiroaki , Tsuda Masaaki , Yano Shingo , Makimura Mizue , Watanab Kazuo , Yamamura Shigeo
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The Japanese healthcare system has designated registered sales clerks to sell over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.Because of this, the AEON HAPYCOM Comprehensive Training Organization implemented an education programto train registered clerks in 2014. The program is unique; it consists of both lectures and hands-on workshopcomponents. We conducted this study as part of a self-evaluation designed to improve the program.Methods: Program participants were asked to respond to an evaluation form upon completion. The form wasdesigned to ascertain student perceptions of the program’s components (e.g., themes, lecturers, materials, and thehands-on workshop) as well as its applicability to their practice of selling OTC drugs.Results: We obtained a total of 6,776 responses from 3,388 participants. On average, each of the program’scomponents were rated highly, with the hands-on workshop being rated the highest. There was a weak relationshipbetween the scores for program preparation and its applicability to OTC sales practices.Conclusion: The program (especially the hands-on workshop component) was highly evaluated by participants.However, we determined that enhancements could be made to the hands-on workshop and other mechanisms toencourage participants to prepare before attending the program.
Characterizations of Certain Recently Introduced Discrete Distributions
Authors: Hamedani G.G.
Published: December 2018

Characterizations of certain recently introduced discrete distributions are presented to complete, in some way, the works cited in the References.
Cubic Rank Transmuted Modified Burr III Pareto Distribution: Development, Properties, Characterizations and Applications
Authors: Bhatti Fiaz Ahmad , Hamedani G.G. , Sheng Wenhui , Ahmad Munir
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a flexible lifetime distribution called Cubic rank transmuted modified Burr III-Pareto (CRTMBIII-P) is developed on the basis of the cubic ranking transmutation map. The density function of CRTMBIII-P is arc, exponential, left-skewed, right-skewed and symmetrical shaped. Descriptive measures such as moments, incomplete moments, inequality measures, residual life function and reliability measures are theoretically established. The CRTMBIII-P distribution is characterized via ratio of truncated moments. Parameters of the CRTMBIII-P distribution are estimated using maximum likelihood method. The simulation study for the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the parameters of the CRTMBIII-P distribution is carried out. The potentiality of CRTMBIII-P distribution is demonstrated via its application to the real data sets: tensile strength of carbon fibers and strengths of glass fibers. Goodness of fit of this distribution through different methods is studied.
Determinants of the Number of Children Born to Reproductive Women in Ethiopia: Sampling Cluster Based National Spatial Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Adugna Aynalem
Published: December 2018

The study uses averages of predictor variables measured at 643 sampling clusters selected for the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to assess the strength of their individual and combined impacts on the average number of children ever born at the sampling cluster. The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data on women aged 15 to 49 was used. In a multivariate analysis, the average values of nine predictor variables were regressed on the average number of children ever born per sampling cluster. The statistical analysis system software (SAS) version 9.4 and the geographic information system (GIS) software ArcGIS 10.4 were used. All but one of the nine predictor variables - the presence or absence of co-wives – are found to have a statistically significant effect (P < 0.001) on the number of children ever born to Ethiopian women currently in their reproductive years. The adjusted R-Square of 0.74 for the model is also statistically significant with the average number of deceased sons per cluster having the greatest contribution. The altitude of a cluster is the only non-socioeconomic variable considered. It too has a small but statistically significant effect (p < 0.001). The nine predictor variables explained three-fourths of the spatial variability in the number of children ever born. Measures that can help reduce infant and child mortality in general and the mortality of boys in particular can help reduce the number of children overborn which remains high due to the need to replace deceased children. As this work is based on cluster-level averages, the goodness of fit shown by the R2 value of the model appears to be better than that which could have been achieved by using individual scores.
Measuring and Assessing the Evolution of Liquidity in Forward Natural Gas Markets: The Case of the UK National Balancing Point
Authors: de Menezes Lilian M. , Russo Marianna , Urga Giovanni
Published: December 2018

Following the development of natural gas trading hubs in Europe, forward products have become a response to the higher exposure to price risk faced by energy companies. Yet, a significant share of trade occurs over-the-counter (OTC), where inter-dealer brokers act as intermediaries and deals may be customized. Hence, there are concerns about transparency and market quality, of which liquidity is a main indicator. This study investigates liquidity in the largest one-month-ahead European forward market for natural gas in the period from May 2010 to December 2014, using asynchronous high-frequency data and time-varying measures of spread and price impact from the financial market microstructure literature. The usefulness of these measures in the seasonal and evolving National Balancing Point (NBP) is assessed. Different aspects of liquidity and transaction costs are unveiled.
Price Adjustments and Transaction Costs in the European Natural Gas Market
Authors: Garaffa Rafael , Szklo Alexandre , Lucena André F.P. , Féres José Gustavo
Published: December 2018

The presence of long-term contracts indexed to oil prices is a key feature of the evolution of the European natural gas industry. During the 2000’s, the European Commission (EC) promoted reforms to establish a single and integrated natural gas market, leading to the development of short-term regional markets based on hubs. This paper tests the hypothesis that asymmetric price responses in the continental European hubs derive from transaction costs. By applying linear and nonlinear error correction models, it assesses the price transmission dynamics and the degree of integration between the German, the Belgium and the Dutch spot markets. The models identified cointegration relations, price asymmetries and transaction costs in these markets. Results show a high degree of integration across regions, with prices converging rapidly to their long-run equilibrium. However, asymmetric price adjustments reveal the presence of transaction costs in the German regional hub.
The State and the Church: Historical Educational Themes on Czechoslovak and Polish Postage Stamps and Their Didactic Potential
Authors: Štěpánek Kamil
Published: December 2018

The text of this paper analyses the history of education as reflected by the postage stamps of the neighbouring countries the Czech Republic and Poland from 1945 to the present day. As a historical source, stamp production reflects modern history in the form of jubilee issues and also contributes towards shaping our collective memory by means of the selection of the topics depicted on postage stamps. This paper recommends their didactic use in history teaching on the basis of an analysis of these themes. The approach described here leads to an effective alternative educative medium that reinforces, first and foremost, interdisciplinary co-operation between school history and media education.
Comparative Analysis of Credit Risk Models in Relation to SME Segment
Authors: Plíhal Tomáš , Sponerová Martina , Sponer Miroslav
Published: December 2018

The importance of credit risk management is well known and was deeply investigated by the banking industry. There is a pressure on financial institutions to still improve their credit risk management systems, so the credit risk of a bank is an unflagging object of discussion. The aim of this article to compare the predicting abilities of several bankruptcy models to the SME segment in the Czech Republic and its subsegments - medium sized, small and micro enterprises. We have focused on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) considering their fundamental role played in the Czech economy and the considerable attention placed on SMEs. We have chosen popular bankruptcy models that are often applied, namely the Altman Z-score, Altman model developed especially for SMEs in 2007, the Ohlson O-score, the Zmijewski’s model, the Taffler’s model, and the IN05 model. The basic form of the models was used as proposed by their authors. The results were compared using the contingency table and ROC curve. We have found that the best prediction models are Zmijewski´s and Ohlson´s models which use probit and logit methodologies and according to our analysis, their prediction ability is better than that of models based on discriminant analysis. Surprisingly, model IN05 designed for Czech companies provides average results only. One of the worst performing models is Altman 2007, which was created specifically for SMEs, but according to our analysis it only provides subordinates results.
Empirical Testing of the Response of Czech Stock Market to Downgrades of Greek Credit Rating in the Light of the Efficient Market Hypothesis
Authors: Seďa Petr , Jimber del Río Juan Antonio , De los Baños García-Moreno García María
Published: December 2018

Empirical testing of the linkages between macroeconomic news and asset price movements in terms of response to released macroeconomic information have been a subject of many investigations using different testing methods. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of announcements of Greek credit rating downgrades on the prices of the most liquid assets quoted in the Czech stock market. This issue is tightly related to semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis, which is one of possible analytical approaches when analyzing behaviour of assets in financial markets. The reaction of the Czech stock market is assessed in relation to seven announcements of Moody´s rating agency regarding changes of credit rating of Greek government bonds in the period 2009–2012. For the purpose of this paper, the event study methodology is applied. The basic idea of this statistical method is to determine values of abnormal returns, which can be defined as a difference between actual and equilibrium returns. In order to calculate equilibrium returns, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used. The differences between actual and equilibrium returns are then verified with a help of selected nonparametric statistical tests. Namely, the exact sign test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test are utilized. Based on results of nonparametric statistical tests, the null hypothesis of information efficiency of the Czech stock market is conclusively rejected.
Pancreatic Acinar Metaplasia in Distal Esophageal Biopsies Is Associated With Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use
Authors: Al Salihi Suhair , Jaitly Vanya , Saulino David M. , DuPont Andrew W. , Ertan Atilla , Everett Jamie M. , Younes Mamoun
Published: December 2018

Context.—

The cause of pancreatic acinar metaplasia (PAM) at the distal esophagus/esophagogastric junction is still controversial. Whereas some authors believe it is congenital, others believe it is acquired because of inflammation of the gastric cardia, and more recently it was proposed to be due to chronic proton pump inhibitor use based on a study in rats.

Objective.—

To determine whether there is correlation between chronic proton pump inhibitor use and PAM in humans. We also investigated the correlation between several clinical and pathologic factors and PAM.

Design.—

Four hundred forty-four consecutive biopsies from the distal esophagus/esophagogastric junction were reviewed for the presence of PAM, which was then correlated with several clinical and pathologic findings.

Results.—

Pancreatic acinar metaplasia was found in 71 patients (16%). Pancreatic acinar metaplasia was significantly associated with patient age younger than 51 years (P < .001), chronic carditis (P = .01), and chronic proton pump inhibitor use (P = .008). Surprisingly, we also found significant association between PAM and chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (P < .001). These associations, including that with chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, remained significant in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions.—

Our findings confirm the previous reports of significant association between PAM and chronic carditis and the findings from animal studies of association with chronic proton pump inhibitor use. The strong association with chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use has not been previously reported and warrants further studies.
­Inshore, turbid coral reefs from northwest Borneo exhibiting low diversity, but high cover show evidence of resilience to various environmental stressors
Authors: Brown Christina , Browne Nicola , McIlwain Jennifer L , Zinke Jens
Published: December 2018

For reefs in SE Asia the synergistic effects of rapid land-development, insufficient environmental policies and a lack of enforcement has led to poor water quality and compromised coral health from increased sediment and pollution. Those inshore turbid coral reefs, subject to significant sediment inputs, may also inherit some resilience to the effects of thermal stress and coral bleaching. We studied the inshore turbid reefs near Miri, in northwest Borneo, through a comprehensive assessment of coral cover, health and function in addition to quantifying sediment-related parameters. Although Miri Reefs had comparatively low coral species diversity, dominated by massive and encrusting forms of Diploastrea, Porites, Montipora, Favites, Dipsastrea and Pachyseris, they were characterised by a healthy cover ranging from 22-39%. We found a strong inshore to offshore gradient in hard coral cover, diversity and community composition as a direct result of spatial differences in sediment but over scales of <10 km. As well as distance to shore, we included other environmental variables like reef depth and sediment accumulation/size that explained 62.5% of variation in benthic composition among sites. None of the reefs showed evidence of coral disease and relatively low prevalence of compromised health signs including bleaching (6.7%), bioerosion (6.6%), pigmentation (2.2%), scars (1.1%) and mucus production (0.5%). There were, however, seasonal differences in bioerosion rates which increased five-fold after the 2017 wet season. Tagged colonies of Diploastrea and Pachyseries showing partial bleaching in 2016, had fully recovered by 90-100% the following year. Differences in measures of coral function like that of symbiont density and chlorophyll a for Montipora, Pachyseris and Acropora were not detected among sites. This study provides further evidence that turbid coral reefs exposed to seasonally elevated sediment loads can exhibit relatively high coral cover and be resilient to disease and elevated sea surface temperatures.
A prediction model of working memory across health and psychiatric disease using whole-brain functional connectivity
Authors: Yamashita Masahiro , Yoshihara Yujiro , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Yahata Noriaki , Ichikawa Naho , Sakai Yuki , Yamada Takashi , Matsukawa Noriko , Okada Go , Tanaka Saori C , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Nobumasa , Okamoto Yasumasa , Seymour Ben , Takahashi Hidehiko , Kawato Mitsuo , Imamizu Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

Working memory deficits are present in many neuropsychiatric diseases with diagnosis-related severity. However, it is unknown whether this common behavioral abnormality is a continuum explained by a neural mechanism shared across diseases or a set of discrete dysfunctions. Here, we performed predictive modeling to examine working memory ability (WMA) as a function of normative whole-brain connectivity across psychiatric diseases. We built a quantitative model for letter three-back task performance in healthy participants, using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This normative model was applied to independent participants (N = 965) including four psychiatric diagnoses. Individual’s predicted WMA significantly correlated with a measured WMA in both healthy population and schizophrenia. Our predicted effect size estimates on WMA impairment were comparable to previous meta-analysis results. These results suggest a general association between brain connectivity and working memory ability applicable commonly to health and psychiatric diseases.