bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the Online Sales Channels of Small Business Fashion Retailers on
Portal Shopping and Fashion Shopping Malls
Authors: Son Mi Young
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and entering status of small business online fashion retailers on portal shopping and fashion shopping malls. Case studies were conducted on a total of 10 research samples. The results were as follows: first, regarding the strategic factors of online fashion stores, ‘price competitiveness’ is important, especially in portal shopping and low-cost brands; ‘product assortment’ is important but not essential in all platforms; and ‘differentiation’ is important to continuously secure loyal customers in fashion shopping malls. Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty, and customer loyalty affects the sales conversion rate and brand growth of online sales channels. Factors that promoted sales activities in online sales channels were exposure, advertisements, SNS, events, special exhibitions, and events. Hindrance factors were low price competition, overheated competition, and the MD of sales channels. Second, the research samples used multiple online sales channels, including portal shopping malls and fashion shopping malls, in addition to their own malls. The selection factors were platform reputation and commission, branding, and customer inflow through exposure. Portal shopping malls were perceived as providing easy access, advertising/customer communication, exposure/search, price competitiveness, scalability, and intense competition, whereas fashion shopping malls were perceived as providing a brand image and concept, brand promotion, high commissions, difficult entry, and low profits. The factors for success in portal shopping malls were exposure/search, price competitiveness, and brand recognition, whereas the factors for success in fashion shopping malls were differentiation, brand, exposure/advertisement, product assortment, and MD.
ANALYSIS OF MASS PORTIONS OF BIOGENIC ELEMENTS IN DENTAL TISSUE
Authors: Kuzmanović Radman Irena , Đeri Aleksandra , Arbutina Adriana , Janković Ognjenka , Trtić Nataša , Mirjanić Vladan
Published: November 2021

Hard dental tissues represent ideal tissues for assessing the long-term effects of exposure to toxic metals. The aim of this paper was to determine the representation and the relation between mass portions of the following elements: carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, chlorine, potassium, iodine and lead in certain parts of the teeth (enamel-dentine line, dentine, pulp) with rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus (DM) by using SEM/EDS analysis, after 14 and 30 days of exposing animals to lead. Material and methods of work: The study was conducted in rats of Wistar strains divided into two groups. The first experimental group (A1) consisted of 8 rats, taking lead in the course of 14 days at a concentration of 1500 ppm and the second experimental group (A2) consisted of 8 rats taking lead in the course of 30 days at a concentration of 1500 ppm. The rats from group А1 and А2 had induced diabetes mellitus by using the Alloxan which was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100mg per kilogram of body weight. The teeth samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: No lead was detected in the teeth of rats with experimentally induced diabetes that received lead in drinking water in the course of 14 days, while the average values of mass portions of other examined elements amounted to: carbon -24,25 %, oxygen – 38,17%, sodium -0,9%, magnesium -0,11%, aluminum – 0,07%, chlorine – 0,21% and iodine – 0,32%. The average values of the mass portions of examined elements in the enamel of teeth of rats receiving lead in the course of 30 days amounted to: lead -0,36%, carbon-31,09%, oxygen – 41,13%, sodium – 0,91%, magnesium – 0,21%, chlorine – 0,22%, potassium – 0,03% and iodine – 0,17%. Conclusion: Mass portions of elements found in the teeth enamel of rats receiving lead in the course of 30 days with experimentally induced diabetes were higher but with no statistically significant difference compared to the mass portions of elements in the group of teeth of rats taking lead through drinking water in the course of 14 days with experimentally induced diabetes, too. The lead was detected in the teeth of rats that received lead for 30 days with induced diabetes but only in the enamel.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COPPER AVAILABILITY IN THE ARABLE SOILS BY DIFFERENT EXTRACTANTS
Authors: Mihajlović Dijana , Antić Mladenović Svetlana , Radanović Dragoja
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an assessment of the copper availability in soil by different single extractions: DTPA (0,005 mol/L), CaCl2 (0,1 mol/L) and NH4NO3 (1 mol/L, DIN procedure). The research was carried out on 48 samples of the arable soils taken in the north-western part of the Republic of Srpska. Total Cu contents was also determined in the soil samples after the acid digestion (HNO3+H2O2). Copper contents in the extracts was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total soil Cu ranged from 7,7−42,9 mg/kg which corresponded to Cu-unpolluted soils. Low level of Cu mobility and availability was found in the investigated soils. In the average DTPA extracted 10,87%, CaCl2 0,31% and NH4NO3 0,44% of the total soil Cu. High statistically significant correlation (r=0,84) between the Cu contents extracted with DTPA and NH4NO3 was found, which implies that maximum allowed level of this element in the soil for the DTPA extraction procedure might be established. That conclusion has to be verified in future research including soils with high total copper content. Keywords: heavy metals, soil, extraction, pollution.
[Future administrators and legislators, and opportunities not to be missed]
Authors: Emani Emanuele , Cerutti Paolo
Published: November 2021

[Article in Italian]
Políticas antes da política de saúde indígena
Authors: Pontes Ana Lúcia de Moura , Machado Felipe Rangel de Souza , Santos Ricardo Ventura
Published: November 2021

Quais foram os muitos caminhos, lutas e articulações que possibilitaram a construção de políticas públicas especificamente voltadas para os povos de territórios indígenas no Brasil? É esse percurso que a coletânea busca - a partir de uma perspectiva histórica e antropológica - detalhar em 13 capítulos. O livro investiga o processo de formulação do atual Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena (SasiSUS), instituído em 1999, abordando as múltiplas redes de participação que envolveram a constituição da política nacional de saúde indígena. O volume tem como base as investigações conduzidas no âmbito do projeto de pesquisa "Saúde dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil: perspectivas históricas, socioculturais", coordenado por Ricardo Ventura e Ana Lúcia Pontes, pesquisadores da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (Ensp/Fiocruz)
Morphometry of cellular behavior of coelomocytes from starfish Asterias amurensis
Authors: Karetin Yuriy A.
Published: November 2021

A comprehensive statistical analysis using a wide range of linear and non-linear morphological parameters enabled identification of the main stages in the in vitro dynamics of cell behavior of immune cells of the marine invertebrate Asterias amurensis (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). Three stages may be distinguished in the cell behavior, which are characterized by the differences in complexity of the cell boundary microsculpture as well as by the size and asymmetry of the cell and convex hull of the cell. The first stage (5 min after placing cells onto a substrate) is characterized by more complex cell morphology and an increase in the process number and spreading area. The second stage (15 min) is characterized by simplification of cell morphology, retraction of some processes, and rounding of cells upon continued cell spreading. At the third stage (60 min), new large processes with rounded contours emerge due to partial retraction of the flattened cell surface. Each stage is characterized by statistically significant differences in several linear and nonlinear parameters of the external morphology for all cell types.
Risk factors associated with prolonged viral clearance in patients with a refractory course of COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhuang Weitao , Huang Shujie , Wang Dongya , Zha Lulu , Xu Wei , Qiao Guibin
Published: November 2021

Background

This study aimed to characterize a cohort of patients with a refractory course of COVID-19, and to investigate factors associated with the duration of viral clearance (DoVC).

Materials & Methods

A total of 65 patients with refractory COVID-19 were retrospectively enrolled from Huoshenshan Hospital. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to examine the potential association between clinicopathologic characteristics and the DoVC.

Results

The median DoVC in the overall study cohort was 48 days (ranged from 21 to 104 days). Multivariate analysis indicated that fever at illness onset (Hazard ratio (HR) = 4.897, 95% CI [1.809–13.260], p = 0.002), serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 21.8 IU/L (HR = 3.010, 95% CI [1.195–7.578], p = 0.019), and titer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG > 142.09 AU/ml (HR = 3.061, 95% CI [1.263–7.415], p = 0.013) were the three independent risk factors associated with delayed viral clearance.

Conclusion

The current study suggested that clinical characteristics such as fever at illness onset, a high serum level of AST or SARS-CoV-2 IgG were associated with delayed viral clearance. Patients with these characteristics might need a more individualized treatment strategy to accelerate their recovery from the refractory COVID-19.
Psicoterapia y Superación de Agresiones Sexuales: Mensajes de Niños/as y Adolescentes a Pares y Psicoterapeutas
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Gómez Camila , Lama Ximena ,   Universidad de Chile, Capella Claudia ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los mensajes que niñas, niños y adolescentes entregan a otros pares y psicoterapeutas acerca de la psicoterapia y el proceso de superación de las agresiones sexuales que han experimentado. Para ello se utilizó el análisis narrativo temático de las entrevistas realizadas a una muestra intencionada de 15 participantes, todos entre 7 a 17 años, que habían egresado de sus procesos psicoterapéuticos por agresiones sexuales en 6 centros especializados en Santiago, Chile. Los resultados destacan la visión de niños, niñas y adolescentes acerca de la superación de la agresión sexual, la valoración de la psicoterapia como un principal factor de apoyo en este proceso y la posición y esfuerzos personales que ellos y los psicoterapeutas necesitan para enfrentarlo. Se discute el aporte de los resultados para el quehacer clínico al favorecer que los psicoterapeutas puedan visualizar el impacto positivo que tiene su labor, entregando un suministro afectivo y emocional que permita equilibrar los efectos adversos del trabajo y aumentar su satisfacción laboral. Por otro lado, se destaca la posibilidad que trasmitir mensajes a otros sea una forma de apoyar la superación, pues permite un posicionamiento de agente en relación a la experiencia abusiva sufrida, relevándose la importancia de rescatar las voces de aquellos que han sido víctimas, enfatizando su agencia personal, más allá de la vulneración.
Isolating Mechanisms
Authors: Kulmuni Jonna , Butlin Roger K
Published: November 2021

Isolating mechanisms are characteristics of species that reduce or prevent successful reproduction with members of other species. Viewed genetically, they are characters that act as barriers to the exchange of genes between populations. Most of these barriers are incidental consequences of evolutionary processes within populations, but they can be elaborated directly by natural selection. They can take many forms, from mismatches between mating signals and preferences to genetic incompatibilities causing sterility of hybrids. Barriers may not be stable through time and can erode, for example due to change in the environment. A major outstanding challenge is to document the contributions of different forms of isolation to the overall barrier to gene exchange between species and to understand the order in which these barriers evolve, and how they interact with each other.

Key Concepts

Isolating mechanisms are intrinsic characteristics of species that reduce or prevent successful reproduction with members of other species.

Many, perhaps most, isolating mechanisms are incidental consequences of evolutionary processes within a population, not fashioned by selection for the purpose of preventing gene flow.

Individual barriers to gene exchange act sequentially which means that barriers acting early in the life cycle tend to have the greatest effect even though they may not have been the first to evolve.

Ecological components of isolation evolve through adaptation to local conditions and may reduce the probability of mating or the fitness of hybrids.

Behavioural components of isolation prevent mating even when reproductively active individuals meet and may evolve due to sexual selection on mating signals and responses.

Barriers can occur after mating but before zygote formation. These barriers may be a side effect of evolutionary conflicts of interest between males and females.

Divergent populations accumulate genetic differences. Inevitably, some of the new traits or genes are incompatible, resulting in isolation through reduced viability or fertility of hybrids, especially in the heterogametic sex.

Reproductive isolation builds up by the accumulation of barriers to gene exchange. This process is neither linear nor deterministic. Instead, barriers accumulate at different rates during speciation and may act in combination in ways that are not predicted by the effects of single barriers.

There is still a need to know more about the range of barriers operating in individual species pairs, the reasons for their evolution, the order in which they evolved and their genetic architecture.
“Magnetism‐Optogenetic” System for Wireless and Highly Sensitive Neuromodulation
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Xinyu , Pan Huizhuo , Zhang Lili , Liu Shuang , Chen Yulan , Su Lin , Zhao Peiqi , Chang Jin , Wang Hanjie
Published: November 2021

Neuromodulation is becoming more and more important in studying brain function, disease treatment, and brain–computer interfaces. However, traditional regulation methods cannot effectively achieve both wireless regulation and highly sensitive response, which are essential factors in neuromodulation. In this paper, a “magnetism‐optogenetic” system is constructed, which uses a magnetic field to drive mechanoluminescent materials (ZnS:Cu) to generate light, thus stimulating photogenetic proteins. This system effectively combines the wireless magnetic regulation with the high sensitivity of optogenetics. The results show that the luminous intensity of this system changes with the power of an external magnetic field. In addition, under the continuous stimulation of the wireless magnetic field, this system can activate hippocampal‐related neural responses and induce the expression of C‐fos. In the end, this system can further regulate the movement behavior of rats with C1V1 protein expression in the primary motor cortex. This new magnetism‐optogenetic system will provide an excellent reference for wireless and highly sensitive neuromodulation.
Doping Concentration Influenced Pyro‐Phototronic Effect in Self‐Powered Photodetector Based on Ga‐Incorporated ZnO Microwire/p+‐GaN Heterojunction
Authors: Wan Peng , Jiang Mingming , Xu Tong , Liu Yang , Fang Xiaosheng , Kan Caixia
Published: November 2021

Pyro‐phototronic effect, a coupling of pyroelectric and photovoltaic effect, provides an effective method to improve the performance of self‐powered photodetectors (PDs). Developing high‐performance PDs, the influence of pyroelectric effect on photoelectric characteristics and coupling mechanism deserves further study. Herein, a self‐powered PD made of Ga‐incorporated ZnO microwire (ZnO:Ga MW) and p+‐GaN layer is fabricated, and the performance influenced by pyro‐phototronic effect is investigated systematically. Through varying Ga concentration in ZnO:Ga MWs, the pyroelectric current gradually dominates the photocurrent of PDs under ultraviolet illumination; while the photovoltaic current deteriorates rapidly. The enhanced pyroelectric responsivity can compensate the decreased photovoltaic responsivity, maintaining their high total responsivities (>5 mA W−1) under self‐biased conditions. Furthermore, the decay time of pyroelectric current, representing the duration of pyroelectric effect, decreases markedly from 0.313 to 0.044 s by increasing Ga concentration. Associated with theoretical analysis, incorporating Ga dopant can not only increase the rate of photogenerated temperature variation, but also narrow depletion layer at ZnO:Ga/GaN heterojunction. Besides, the temperature variation can lead to a significant reduction of decay time. These findings give a deeper insight into the influence of pyroelectric effect on photoresponse and its coupling mechanism, providing a scheme to develop high‐performance self‐powered PDs.
Novel Red‐Emitting Copper(I) Complexes with Pyrazine and Pyrimidinyl Ancillary Ligands for White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Fresta Elisa , Mahoro Gilbert U. , Cavinato Luca M. , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Gaillard Sylvain , Costa Rubén D.
Published: November 2021

The synthesis, photophysical/electrochemical characterization, and implementation in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) of three novel red‐emitting heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]PF6 complexes are reported. The complex design consists in combining i) the bridged di(pyrazin‐2‐yl)sulfane N^N ligand with expanded π‐conjugation and electro‐withdrawing 4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine moieties and ii) the [(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEphos) P^P ligand. The effect of the N^N ligand substitution on the photophysical, electrochemical, ion conductivity, and morphological features in their respective powders and thin films is thoughtfully rationalized. This is rounded by the trends noted in single‐layered red‐emitting LECs (λmax = 630–660 nm) featuring moderate performances with irradiances of around 60–90 µW cm−2 and total emitted energies in the range of 4–12 mJ. A further optimization using a multilayered architecture, in which hole injection/transport and exciton formation processes are decoupled, leads to a significant enhancement of the irradiance up to ≈150 µW cm−2 and total emitted energies of 91 mJ without affecting device chromaticity. Finally, the best red‐emitting complex in LECs is used to fabricate host:guest white devices, achieving luminances of 12 cd m−2 in concert with an excellent white color quality (x/y CIE color coordinates of 0.31/0.32; color rendering index of 90) stable over lifespan.
Establishment of Trophoblast‐Like Tissue Model from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Three‐Dimensional Culture System
Authors: Cui Kangli , Zhu Yujuan , Shi Yang , Chen Tingwei , Wang Hui , Guo Yaqiong , Deng Pengwei , Liu Haitao , Shao Xiaoguang , Qin Jianhua
Published: November 2021

The placenta has a lifelong impact on the health of both the mother and fetus. Despite its significance, human early placental development is poorly understood due to the limited models. The models that can reflect the key features of early human placental development, especially at early gestation, are still lacking. Here, the authors report the generation of trophoblast‐like tissue model from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in three‐dimensional (3D) cultures. hPSCs efficiently self‐organize into blastocoel‐like cavities under defined conditions, which produce different trophoblast subtypes, including cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), and invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). The 3D cultures can exhibit microvilli structure and secrete human placenta‐specific hormone. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis further identifies the presence of major cell types of trophoblast‐like tissue as existing in vivo. The results reveal the feasibility to establish 3D trophoblast‐like tissue model from hPSCs in vitro, which is not obtained by monolayer culture. This new model system can not only facilitate to dissect the underlying mechanisms of early human placental development, but also imply its potential for study in developmental biology and gestational disorders.
Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of BiOCl/graphene composite with tight interfacial contact and highly exposed (001) facets
Authors: Tang Hailong , Ju Tangtong , Dai Yue , Wang Min , Wang Meiling , Ma Yongqing , Zheng Ganhong
Published: November 2021

The BiOCl/graphene composite was synthesized by vapor‐thermal method. The morphologies, structures, chemical states, and optical properties of the samples were systematically characterized. The visible light catalytic activity of the composite was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB). The results show that the sample obtained with 300‐mg BiCl3 and 1‐mg graphene (named Bi300GP1) forms Bi–C bond, has highly exposed (001) facets, forms a tight contact between BiOCl and graphene, and has more electron transfer channels, which effectively promoted the separation and migration of photoexcited carriers. In addition, the introduction of electronic states near the top of the valence band improved the visible light absorption of the sample, and the degradation rate of MB was the highest, which was increased from 76.64% to 98.12%. Meanwhile, it was confirmed by the ESR test that ·O2− played a major role in the photocatalytic degradation process.
Convergent evolution in dippers (Aves, Cinclidae): The only wing‐propelled diving songbirds
Authors: Smith N. Adam , Koeller Krista L. , Clarke Julia A. , Ksepka Daniel T. , Mitchell Jonathan S. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Ridgley Ryan C. , Witmer Lawrence M.
Published: November 2021

Of the more than 6,000 members of the most speciose avian clade, Passeriformes (perching birds), only the five species of dippers (Cinclidae, Cinclus) use their wings to swim underwater. Among nonpasserine wing‐propelled divers (alcids, diving petrels, penguins, and plotopterids), convergent evolution of morphological characteristics related to this highly derived method of locomotion have been well‐documented, suggesting that the demands of this behavior exert strong selective pressure. However, despite their unique anatomical attributes, dippers have been the focus of comparatively few studies and potential convergence between dippers and nonpasseriform wing‐propelled divers has not been previously examined. In this study, a suite of characteristics that are shared among many wing‐propelled diving birds were identified and the distribution of those characteristics across representatives of all clades of extant and extinct wing‐propelled divers were evaluated to assess convergence. Putatively convergent characteristics were drawn from a relatively wide range of sources including osteology, myology, endocranial anatomy, integument, and ethology. Comparisons reveal that whereas nonpasseriform wing‐propelled divers do in fact share some anatomical characteristics putatively associated with the biomechanics of underwater “flight”, dippers have evolved this highly derived method of locomotion without converging on the majority of concomitant changes observed in other taxa. Changes in the flight musculature and feathers, reduction of the keratin bounded external nares and an increase in subcutaneous fat are shared with other wing‐propelled diving birds, but endocranial anatomy shows no significant shifts and osteological modifications are limited. Muscular and integumentary novelties may precede skeletal and neuroendocranial morphology in the acquisition of this novel locomotory mode, with implications for understanding potential biases in the fossil record of other such transitions. Thus, dippers represent an example of a highly derived and complex behavioral convergence that is not fully associated with the anatomical changes observed in other wing‐propelled divers, perhaps owing to the relative recency of their divergence from nondiving passeriforms.
The main sequence of quasars: The taming of the extremes
Authors: Marziani Paola , Bon Edi , Bon Natasa , D'Onofrio Mauro , Punsly Brian , Śniegowska Marzena , Czerny Bożena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Martnez Aldama Mary Loli , del Olmo Ascensión , Deconto‐Machado Alice , Negrete C. Alenka , Dultzin Deborah , Buendia Tania , Garnica Karla
Published: November 2021

The last few years have seen the confirmation of several trends associated with the quasar main sequence. The idea of a main sequence for quasars is relatively recent, and its full potential for the observational classification and contextualization of quasars' properties has yet to be fully exploited. The main sequence drivers are discussed in terms of the properties of extreme objects. We briefly summarize developments that constrain the viewing angle of the accretion disk in a particular class of quasars (extreme Population B, radiating at low Eddington ratio), as well as inferences on the chemical composition of the broad line emitting gas, and on the nature of radio emission along the quasar main sequence.
A blind randomized validated convolutional neural network for auto‐segmentation of clinical target volume in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Yijun , Kang Kai , Han Chang , Wang Shaobin , Chen Qi , Chen Yu , Zhang Fuquan , Liu Zhikai
Published: November 2021

Background

Delineation of clinical target volume (CTV) for radiotherapy is a time‐consuming and labor‐intensive work. This study aims to propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based model for fast auto‐segmentation of CTV. To evaluate its performance and clinical utility, a blind randomized validation method was used.

Methods

Our proposed model was based on the generally accepted U‐Net architecture using computed tomography slices with CTV contours delineated by experienced radiation clinicians from 135 rectal patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (95HD) were used to measure segmentation performance. The validated dataset of additional 20 patients for clinical evaluation by 10 experienced oncology clinicians from 7 centers was randomly and blindly divided into two groups for clinicians' scoring and Turing test, respectively. Second evaluation was performed with different randomization after 2 weeks.

Results

The mean DSC and 95HD values of the proposed model were 0.90 ± 0.02 and 8.11 ± 1.93 mm for CTV of rectal cancer patients, respectively. The average time for automatic segmentation in the validation groups was 15 s per patient. By clinicians' scoring, the AI model performed better than manually delineating, though the differences were not significant (Week 0: 2.59 vs. 2.52, p = 0.086; Week 2: 2.55 vs. 2.47, p = 0.115). Additionally, the mean positive rates in the Turing test were 40.5% in Week 0 and 45.2% in Week 2, which demonstrated the great intelligence of our model.

Conclusions

Our proposed model can be used clinically for assisting contouring of CTVs in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy, which improves the efficiency and consistency of radiation clinicians' work.
Integration of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Programme in the First‐Grade Indonesian Curriculum to Improve Children's Self‐Protection
Authors: Wulandari Murfiah Dewi , Hanurawan Fattah , Chusniyah Tutut , Hidayat Muhamad Taufik , Rahmawati Fitri Puji , Sayekti Ika Candra , Bakhtiar Faisal Yusuf
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyse the effect of the School‐Based Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programme (Program Prevensi Pelecehan Seksual Berbasis Sekolah (P3SBS)) on first‐grade primary school students' ability to protect themselves from sexual abuse. The study was conducted in two primary schools in Surakarta, Indonesia. Fifty‐five students participated in the P3SBS and 55 participants were in the control group. The pre‐test and post‐test of the control group were designed to test the effectiveness of the P3SBS. In total, 110 first‐grade primary school students who participated in the P3SBS and the control group were tested using the ‘What If’ Situation Test. Measurement of children's self‐protection from sexual abuse was undertaken. The results show that there is a significant difference between the P3SBS and the control group regarding children's ability to self‐protect themselves from sexual abuse. These results suggest that the P3SBS is effective in enhancing children's ability to protect themselves from sexual abuse. Suggestions for expanding sex education for older children are related to puberty.

‘Analyse the effect of the School‐Based Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programme on first‐grade primary school students' ability to protect themselves from sexual abuse’

Key Practitioner Messages

Child sexual abuse prevention should be school based to be effective.

Child sexual abuse prevention programmes should be designed in accordance with children's characteristics.

Parent–teacher collaboration is very important for the successful implementation of a sexual abuse prevention programme.
Active Quinolinequinones against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus spp
Authors: Mataracı‐Kara Emel , Bayrak Nilüfer , Yıldız Mahmut , Yıldırım Hatice , TuYuN Amaç Fatih
Published: November 2021

Serious bacterial infections could be caused by Gram‐positive microorganisms, in particular methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Aiming to address this challenging issue by developing the potent and selective antimicrobial lead structures against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus spp., herein, we report in vitro evaluation of quinolinequinones (QQ1–QQ10) against the Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive strains using the broth microdilution technique. The design principle of the quinolinequinones was based on the variation of the structures attached to the 1,4‐quinone moiety and substituent(s) within amino phenyl moiety. A series of ten quinolinequinones displayed activity mainly against the Gram‐positive strains with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC=1.22‐1250 mg/L) within the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) levels. Interestingly, QQ3, QQ5, and QQ6 displayed equal antibacterial inhibitory activity against S. aureus (MIC=1.22 mg/L), respectively, to the standard positive control Cefuroxime‐Na. QQ2, QQ3, and QQ5 had the best inhibitory activity with the MIC value of 1.22 mg/L (4‐fold more potent compared reference standard Cefuroxime) against S. epidermidis. On the other hand, QQ3 was the most effective quinolinequinone against fungi, in particular C. albicans. The identified lead quinolinequinones (QQ3 and QQ5) with a comprehensive analysis of structure–activity relationships and further studies showed high activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus spp. It is worth noting that the isopropyl group has importance for excellent bioactivity. Remarkably, the in vitro antibiofilm and bactericidal activities (each of 32 clinically obtained strains of Gram‐positive bacteria) of the selected two quinolinequinones (QQ3 and QQ5) have been evaluated for the mode of action in addition to the time‐kill curve study.
Single node deep learning frameworks: Comparative study and CPU/GPU performance analysis
Authors: Lerat Jean‐Sébastien , Mahmoudi Sidi Ahmed , Mahmoudi Saïd
Published: November 2021

Deep learning presents an efficient set of methods that allow learning from massive volumes of data using complex deep neural networks. To facilitate the design and implementation of algorithms, deep learning frameworks provide a high‐level programming interface. Based on these frameworks, new models, and applications are able to make better and better predictions. One type of deep learning application is the Internet of Things that can gather a continuous flow of data, which causes an explosion of the amount of data. Therefore, to handle this data management issue, computation technologies can offer new perspectives to analyze more data with more complex models. In this context, a cluster of computers can operate to quickly deliver a model or to enable the design of a complex neural network spread among computers. An alternative is to distribute a deep learning task with HPC cloud computing resources and to scale cluster in order to quickly and efficiently train a neural network. As a first step to design an infrastructure aware framework which is able to scale the computing nodes, this work aims to review and analyze the state‐of‐the‐art frameworks by collecting device utilization data during the training task. We gather information about the CPU, RAM and the GPU utilization on deep learning algorithms with and without multi‐threading. The behavior of each framework is discussed and analyzed in order to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of the different deep learning frameworks.
Opto‐Electromagnetics and Resonance Activities of Oxalic Acid Embedded Manganese and Cadmium‐Mixed Crystals
Authors: D'Souza Delma , K. P. Nagaraja
Published: November 2021

Manganese‐mixed barium oxalate (MMBO) and cadmium‐mixed zinc oxalate (CMZO) crystals are fabricated using a gel technique. The foregrounded crystals are characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Chemical constituents, cationic distribution, functional groups, thermal stability, and degradation behavior of MMBO and CMZO crystals are explored in succession with the aid of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis respectively. MMBO crystal embeds a molecular weight of 223.419 (chemical formula Mn0.4607Ba0.5394C2O42H2O), whereas CMZO ingrains by a molecular weight of 212.656 (chemical formula Zn0.6976Cd0.3024C2O42.5H2O). Both the crystals possess band gap energies (Eg ≈ 6 eV), large dielectric constant, leakage resistance in GΩ, capacitance in pF, excellent thermal stability (890 °C), opaqueness to electrical current and paramagnetic (MMBO)/diamagnetic behaviors (CMZO). Surprisingly, in response to alternating emf, crystal capacitors of MMBO and CMZO exhibit very sharp resonance throws at mid radio frequency range showcasing quartz‐like extremely high quality factor. Distinct optoelectric behavior, outstanding thermal stability and special resonance dynamics signal unique applications in communication–micro‐high‐temperature electronics.
Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally
Authors: Arnillas Carlos Alberto , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. , Alberti Juan , Baez Selene , Bakker Jonathan D. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Buckley Yvonne M. , Bugalho Miguel Nuno , Donohue Ian , Dwyer John , Firn Jennifer , Gridzak Riley , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Helm Aveliina , Jentsch Anke , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laanisto Lauri , Laungani Ramesh , McCulley Rebecca , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Peri Pablo Luis , Power Sally A. , Price Jodi , Sankaran Mahesh , Schamp Brandon , Speziale Karina , Standish Rachel , Virtanen Risto , Cadotte Marc W.
Published: November 2021

Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co‐dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.
Larger body size leads to greater female beluga whale ovarian reproductive activity at the southern periphery of their range
Authors: Ferguson Steven H. , Yurkowski David J. , Hudson Justine M. , Edkins Tera , Willing Cornelia , Watt Cortney A.
Published: November 2021

Identification of phenotypic characteristics in reproductively successful individuals provides important insights into the evolutionary processes that cause range shifts due to environmental change. Female beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Baffin Bay region (BB) of the Canadian Arctic in the core area of the species’ geographic range have larger body size than their conspecifics at the southern range periphery in Hudson Bay (HB). We investigated the mechanism for this north and south divergence as it relates to ovarian reproductive activity (ORA = total corpora) that combines morphometric data with ovarian corpora counted from female reproductive tracts. Our study aim was to assess the relative influence of age and body size of female beluga whale on ORA in the two populations. Female beluga whale ORA increased more quickly with age (63% partial variation explained) in BB than in HB (41%). In contrast, body length in HB female beluga whales accounted for considerably more of the total variation (12% vs. 1%) in ORA compared to BB whales. We speculate that female HB beluga whale ORA was more strongly linked with body length due to higher population density resulting in food competition that favors the energetic advantages of larger body size during seasonal food limitations. Understanding the evolutionary mechanism of how ORA varies across a species’ range will assist conservation efforts in anticipating and mitigating future challenges associated with a warming planet.
Multidecadal changes in functional diversity lag behind the recovery of taxonomic diversity
Authors: Baker Nathan Jay , Pilotto Francesca , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Beudert Burkhard , Haase Peter
Published: November 2021

While there has been increasing interest in how taxonomic diversity is changing over time, less is known about how long‐term taxonomic changes may affect ecosystem functioning and resilience. Exploring long‐term patterns of functional diversity can provide key insights into the capacity of a community to carry out ecological processes and the redundancy of species’ roles. We focus on a protected freshwater system located in a national park in southeast Germany. We use a high‐resolution benthic macroinvertebrate dataset spanning 32 years (1983–2014) and test whether changes in functional diversity are reflected in taxonomic diversity using a multidimensional trait‐based approach and regression analyses. Specifically, we asked: (i) How has functional diversity changed over time? (ii) How functionally distinct are the community's taxa? (iii) Are changes in functional diversity concurrent with taxonomic diversity? And (iv) what is the extent of community functional redundancy? Resultant from acidification mitigation, macroinvertebrate taxonomic diversity increased over the study period. Recovery of functional diversity was less pronounced, lagging behind responses of taxonomic diversity. Over multidecadal timescales, the macroinvertebrate community has become more homogenous with a high degree of functional redundancy, despite being isolated from direct anthropogenic activity. While taxonomic diversity increased over time, functional diversity has yet to catch up. These results demonstrate that anthropogenic pressures can remain a threat to biotic communities even in protected areas. The differences in taxonomic and functional recovery processes highlight the need to incorporate functional traits in assessments of biodiversity responses to global change.
Dynamic characteristics assessment of the Denis‐Perron dam (SM‐3) based on ambient noise measurements
Authors: Verret Daniel , LeBoeuf Denis
Published: November 2021

Standing at a height of 171 m in a narrow valley, the Denis‐Perron dam is the highest embankment dam in Québec, Canada. Between 1998 and 2002, the structure was equipped with three‐component digital strong‐motion accelerometers. The seismic data recorded during three small earthquakes allowed for the estimation of the fundamental vibration frequency (fn) values of the dam in three directions. As part of the present research study, 10 sets of ambient noise measurements were acquired at the dam using six velocimeters, aiming to evaluate the possible 3D site effects and determine the fn values. The first analyses of these experimental data consisted of processing the individual signals with the simple “reference‐dependent spectral” and “ambient vibration horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio (HVSR)” methods. A more advanced modal analysis combining synchronized measurements led to the establishment of additional higher vibration frequency modes and modal shapes. The consistency between the fn values obtained using the simple methods and those from the advanced modal analysis was noticeable. The seismic data provided an exceptional opportunity to validate the experimental data. A comprehensive analysis was thus conducted to compare the dynamic parameters calculated from the processed experimental data with those resulting from the seismic data and proved the values to be similar. In addition, a numerical modal analysis of the 3D valley‐dam system corroborated the plausibility of the vibration modes obtained from the experimental synchronized ambient noise modal analysis. All of these analyses demonstrate the potential of the ambient noise technique for identifying the dynamic characteristics of large rockfill dams built in narrow valleys, without the need for the costly installation and maintenance of accelerometers in low‐seismicity areas.
Aquatic carbon concentrations and fluxes in a degraded blanket peatland with piping and pipe outlet blocking
Authors: Regensburg Taco H. , Holden Joseph , Pilkington Michael , Evans Martin G. , Chandler David , Chapman Pippa J.
Published: November 2021

Soil piping is an important agent of erosion in many environments, including blanket peatlands. Peatland restoration that aims to reduce erosion has mainly focussed on revegetation and blocking ditches and gullies, rather than reducing erosion from natural soil pipes. However, little is known about the contribution of pipeflow to the fluvial carbon budget of degraded blanket peatlands and whether it is possible to moderate it. In a heavily degraded blanket bog, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), and water colour, from two catchments were compared before and after half of the pipe outlets in one catchment were blocked. One blocked pipe was monitored for discharge and water quality both pre‐ and post‐blocking as new pipe outlets had formed around the blocked outlet. Both pre‐ and post‐blocking, maximum concentrations of DOC and POC were markedly higher in pipe‐water than stream‐water, with ratios of 1.2 (pre) and 1.3 (post) for DOC, and 4.8 (pre) and 8.8 (post) for POC, rendering pipe‐to‐stream transfer more effective for DOC than POC due to the deposition of POC close to pipe outlets. The increase in DOC and POC flux post‐blocking in both catchments was near‐identical, suggesting pipe outlet blocking was ineffective in reducing fluvial carbon export from pipe networks. Extrapolation of pipe fluxes to catchment scale showed pipes potentially contribute c. 56% of DOC exported by the stream, and that more POC was produced by pipes than was exported by the stream. Our work highlights that pipes need to be considered when seeking to reduce fluvial carbon export in degraded blanket peatlands.
Using singleton densities to detect recent selection inBos taurus
Authors: Hartfield Matthew , Poulsen Nina Aagaard , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Bataillon Thomas
Published: November 2021

Many quantitative traits are subject to polygenic selection, where several genomic regions undergo small, simultaneous changes in allele frequency that collectively alter a phenotype. The widespread availability of genome data, along with novel statistical techniques, has made it easier to detect these changes. We apply one such method, the “Singleton Density Score” (SDS), to the Holstein breed of Bos taurus to detect recent selection (arising up to around 740 years ago). We identify several genes as candidates for targets of recent selection, including some relating to cell regulation, catabolic processes, neural-cell adhesion and immunity. We do not find strong evidence that three traits that are important to humans—milk protein content, milk fat content, and stature—have been subject to directional selection. Simulations demonstrate that because B. taurus recently experienced a population bottleneck, singletons are depleted so the power of SDS methods is reduced. These results inform on which genes underlie recent genetic change in B. taurus, while providing information on how polygenic selection can be best investigated in future studies.