bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heightened emotional sensitivity intensifies associations between relational aggression and victimization among girls but not boys: A longitudinal study
Authors: Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Duffy Amanda L.
Published: July 2014

Founded in the social process model, the aim of this study was to identify whether the associations of relational aggression with concurrent and subsequent relational victimization differed depending on early adolescents' personal vulnerabilities and gender. The vulnerabilities of interest were social-information processing variables that convey greater emotional sensitivity, including rejection sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and avoidance of intimacy. Participants were 358 early adolescents (176 boys, 178 girls) aged 9 to 13 years. Relational aggression and victimization were assessed via peer nominations, whereas the three indicators of emotional sensitivity were assessed via self-report. Overall, results revealed greater relational aggression at Time 1 to be associated with greater relational victimization at both Time 1 and Time 2. However, this finding was qualified by both emotional sensitivity and gender. When considered separately, girls who were relationally aggressive and emotionally sensitive were at increased risk of victimization at both assessment points. In contrast, no link was found between relational aggression and victimization for boys, although relational vulnerabilities did have unique associations with boys' relational victimization. These findings have implications for our understanding of relational aggression and victimization, as well as for the development of interventions aimed at reducing these problems.
Why the bully/victim relationship is so pernicious: A gendered perspective on power and animosity among bullies and their victims
Authors: Rodkin Philip C. , Hanish Laura D. , Wang Shuai , Logis Handrea A.
Published: July 2014

The bully/victim relationship was studied in a sample of elementary school children (N= 1,289 in first, third, and fifth grades). Three questions were tested. Does bullying involve apower differentialbetween bully and victim? Are bully/victim dyads participants in arelationship, whether mutual liking or disliking? Does thegender compositionof the bully/victim dyad moderate power differential and relational context patterns? Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze predictors of the reputational strength of bully/victim ties. The findings revealed that the bully/victim dyads most frequently nominated by peers were characterized by asymmetries in social status, where bullies were increasingly more popular than their victims, and by asymmetries in aggression, where bullies were increasingly less aggressive than their victims. Bullies and victims were likely to select one another as among the children that they least like. Most effects with respect to aggression, popularity, and relationships were moderated by the gender composition of the bully/victim dyad. Implications for a developmental psychopathology perspective on peer bullying and victimization are highlighted.
Relational aggression and psychological control in the sibling relationship: Mediators of the association between maternal psychological control and adolescents' emotional adjustment
Authors: Campione-Barr Nicole , Lindell Anna K. , Greer Kelly Bassett , Rose Amanda J.
Published: July 2014

The association between mothers' psychological control and their children's emotional adjustment problems is well documented. However, processes that may explain this association are not well understood. The present study tested the idea that relational aggression and psychological control within the context of the sibling relationship may help to account for the relation between mothers' psychological control and adolescents' internalizing symptoms. Older (M = 16.46, SD = 1.35 years) and younger (M = 13.67, SD = 1.56 years) siblings from 101 dyads rated the psychological control they received from mothers and siblings, and the relational aggression they received from siblings. Despite some similarities between psychological control and relational aggression, confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence that the two sibling processes are distinct. Maternal psychological control was related to psychological control and relational aggression within the sibling relationship, which were related to adolescents' anxiety and depressed mood. In addition, sibling relational aggression was a more powerful mediator of the relationship between maternal psychological control and adolescent adjustment than sibling psychological control.
Predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescents from childhood physical and relational aggression, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Vaillancourt Tracy , Brittain Heather L. , McDougall Patricia , Krygsman Amanda , Boylan Khrista , Duku Eric , Hymel Shelley
Published: July 2014

Developmental cascade models linking childhood physical and relational aggression with symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; assessed at ages 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14) to borderline personality disorder (BPD) features (assessed at age 14) were examined in a community sample of 484 youth. Results indicated that, when controlling for within-time covariance and across-time stability in the examination of cross-lagged relations among study variables, BPD features at age 14 were predicted by childhood relational aggression and symptoms of depression for boys, and physical and relational aggression, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of ADHD for girls. Moreover, for boys BPD features were predicted from age 10 ADHD through age 12 depression, whereas for girls the pathway to elevated BPD features at age 14 was from depression at age 10 through physical aggression symptoms at age 12. Controlling for earlier associations among variables, we found that for girls the strongest predictor of BPD features at age 14 was physical aggression, whereas for boys all the risk indicators shared a similar predictive impact. This study adds to the growing literature showing that physical and relational aggression ought to be considered when examining early precursors of BPD features.
Moderation of maltreatment effects on childhood borderline personality symptoms by gender and oxytocin receptor and FK506 binding protein 5 genes
Authors: Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. , Hecht Kathryn F. , Crick Nicki R. , Hetzel Susan
Published: July 2014

In this investigation, gene–environment–gender interaction effects in predicting child borderline personality disorder symptomatology among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N= 1,051) were examined. In the context of a summer research camp, adult-, peer-, and self-report assessments of borderline precursor indicators were obtained, as well as child self-report on the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children. Genetic variants of the oxytocin receptor genotype and the FK506 binding protein 5 gene CATT haplotype were investigated. Children who self-reported high levels of borderline personality symptomatology were differentiated by adults, peers, and additional self-report on indicators of emotional instability, conflictual relationships with peers and adults, preoccupied attachment, and indicators of self-harm and suicidal ideation. Maltreated children also were more likely to evince many of these difficulties relative to nonmaltreated children. A series of analyses of covariance, controlling for age and ancestrally informative markers, indicated significant Maltreatment × Gene × Gender three-way interactions. Consideration of the maltreatment parameters of subtype, onset, and recency expanded understanding of variation among maltreated children. The three-way interaction effects demonstrated differential patterns among girls and boys. Among girls, the gene–environment interaction was more consistent with a diathesis-stress model, whereas among boys a differential-sensitivity interaction effect was indicated. Moreover, the genetic variants associated with greater risk for higher borderline symptomatology, dependent on maltreatment experiences, were opposite in girls compared to boys. The findings have important implications for understanding variability in early predictors of borderline personality pathology.
Testing an equifinality model of nonsuicidal self-injury among early adolescent girls
Authors: Keenan Kate , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Wroblewski Kristen
Published: July 2014

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common behavior among females that has been shown to confer risk for continued self-injury and suicidal attempts. NSSI can be viewed conceptually as behavior that is pathognomonic with aggression and/or depression. Empirical research on concurrent correlates supports this concept: numerous and diverse factors are shown to be significantly associated with self-harm, including depression, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and aggression and other conduct problems, as well as environmental stressors such as bullying, harsh parenting, and negative life events. In the present study, we test hypotheses regarding developmental precursors (measured from ages 8 to 12 years) to NSSI in young adolescent girls (ages 13–14 years), specifically whether aggression, depression, and environmental stressors distinguish girls with and without self-harm, and whether there is evidence for multiple developmental pathways to NSSI. Data were derived from the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study. In this community sample of girls, the prevalence of NSSI at ages 13 or 14 years of age was 6.0%. Initial levels in dimensions measured within the depression, aggression, and environmental stressor domains accounted for variance in NSSI in early adolescence. Changes over time in relational aggression and assertiveness were also significantly associated with risk for NSSI. To a large extent, adolescent NSSI was predicted by psychological deficits and stress exposure that began early in childhood. Risk indices were calculated using the 85th or 15th percentile. Close to 80% of girls who engaged in NSSI during adolescence were identified by at least one risk domain in childhood. A sizable proportion of adolescent girls who later engaged in NSSI had childhood risk scores in all three domains; the remaining girls with adolescent NSSI were relatively evenly distributed across the other risk domain profiles. The observation that multiple pathways to NSSI exist suggests that deficits underlying the behavior may vary and require different modes of prevention.
Response to the Bam Earthquake: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of the Top and Middle Level Health Managers in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Moosazadeh Mahmood , Zolala Farzaneh , Sheikhzadeh Khodadad , Safiri Saeid , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza
Published: July 2014

Introduction

The 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake resulted in high casualties and required international and national assistance. This study explored local top and middle level managers’ disaster relief experiences in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake.

Methods

Using qualitative interview methodology, top and middle level health managers employed during the Bam earthquake were identified. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Results showed that the managers interviewed experienced two main problems. First, inadequacy of preparation of local health organisations, which was due to lack of familiarity of the needs, unavailability of essential needs, and also increasing demands, which were above the participants’ expectations. Second, inappropriateness of delivered donations was perceived as a problem; for example, foods and sanitary materials were either poor quality or expired by date recommended for use. Participants also found international teams to be more well-equipped and organised.

Conclusions

During the disaster relief period of the response to the Bam earthquake, local health organizations were ill prepared for the event. In addition, donations delivered for relief were often poor quality or expired beyond a usable date.

MoosazadehM,ZolalaF,SheikhzadehK,SafiriS,AmiresmailiM.Response to the Bam earthquake: a qualitative study on the experiences of the top and middle level health managers in Kerman, Iran.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(4):1-4.
A cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential and global quality of life in cancer patients: A pilot study
Authors: Gagnon Pierre , Fillion Lise , Robitaille Marie-Anik , Girard Michèle , Tardif François , Cochrane Jean-Philippe , Le Moignan Moreau Joanie , Breitbart William
Published: July 2014

Objective:

We developed a specific cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential distress in nonmetastatic cancer patients. The present study reports the feasibility of implementing and evaluating this intervention, which involved 12 weekly sessions in both individual and group formats, and explores the efficacy of the intervention on existential and global quality of life (QoL) measures.

Method:

Some 33 nonmetastatic cancer patients were randomized between the group intervention, the individual intervention, and the usual condition of care. Evaluation of the intervention on the existential and global QoL of patients was performed using the existential well-being subscale and the global scale of the McGill Quality of Life (MQoL) Questionnaire.

Results:

All participants agreed that their participation in the program helped them deal with their illness and their personal life. Some 88.9% of participants agreed that this program should be proposed for all cancer patients, and 94.5% agreed that this intervention helped them to reflect on the meaning of their life. At post-intervention, both existential and psychological QoL improved in the group intervention versus usual care (p = 0.086 and 0.077, respectively). At the three-month follow-up, global and psychological QoL improved in the individual intervention versus usual care (p = 0.056 and 0.047, respectively).

Significance of results:

This pilot study confirms the relevance of the intervention and the feasibility of the recruitment and randomization processes. The data strongly suggest a potential efficacy of the intervention for existential and global quality of life, which will have to be confirmed in a larger study.
Männer, die ihre Ehefrauen pflegen – Zwei phänomenologische Studien zum Erleben männlicher Hauptpflegepersonen in häuslichen Pflegearrangements. Teil I: Pflegende Männer pflegebedürftiger Ehefrauen nach einem Schlaganfall
Authors: Dorschner Stephan , Bauernschmidt Dorothee
Published: July 2014

Hintergrund: Männer engagieren sich in Deutschland zunehmend in der vielfältigen Pflege- und Sorgearbeit für pflegebedürftige Angehörige. Der steigenden Zahl männlicher Hauptpflegepersonen wird der (pflege-)wissenschaftliche Diskurs jedoch noch nicht gerecht. Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie will darstellen, wie pflegende Ehemänner die Pflege ihrer Frauen nach einem Schlaganfall erleben und gestalten. Methode: Narrative Interviews mit zehn pflegenden Ehegatten wurden geführt und einer phänomenologisch-interpretativen Analyse in Anlehnung an das Analyseschema von Diekelmann (1992) unterzogen. Ergebnisse: Es konnten sechs zentrale Themen – «Ich hab nie gedacht, dass bei uns so was vorkommen würde …» (Krankheit als akutes Krisenereignis); «Ich seh' sie immer noch so vor mir, wie ich sie kennengelernt habe.» (Partnerschaft); «… und seitdem hab ich sie praktisch in der häuslichen Pflege.» (Pflege); «… eine leichte Arbeit ist das auch nicht!» (Arbeit und Last); «Auf dieses Neue, da muss man sich eben einstellen.» (Anpassung); «… weil ich ja auch ein bisschen Zeit für mich brauch'!» (Unterstützung und Entlastung) – sowie das konstitutive Muster «Verantwortlichsein» in der Wahrnehmung der Lebenssituation herausgearbeitet werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Beruflich Pflegende sollten das Erleben des «Verantwortlichseins» der Ehemänner ernst nehmen und ihre Zusammenarbeit mit pflegenden Männern daran orientieren. Hier bedarf es weiterer Forschungen, um dazu neue Modelle zu entwickeln.
Members of the novel UBASH3/STS/TULA family of cellular regulators suppress T‐cell‐driven inflammatory responses in vivo
Authors: Newman Tiffanny N , Liverani Elisabetta , Ivanova Elitza , Russo Gian L , Carpino Nick , Ganea Doina , Safadi Fayez , Kunapuli Satya P , Tsygankov Alexander Y
Published: July 2014

The UBASH3/STS/TULA family consists of two members sharing substantial homology and a similar multi‐domain architecture, which includes a C‐terminal histidine phosphatase domain capable of dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine‐containing substrates. TULA‐family proteins act as downregulators of receptor‐induced activation in several cell types, including T cells and platelets. Deletion of both family members in mice has been shown to result in hyperresponsiveness of T cells to T‐cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex engagement, but little is known about the biological consequences of double knockout (dKO) and especially of either single KO (sKO). We elucidated the biological consequences of the lack of TULA‐family proteins in dKO and TULA and TULA‐2 sKO animals. In order to do so, we examined immune responses in Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis, a mouse model of human inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by the involvement of multiple cell types, of which T cells have a crucial role, in the development of a pathological inflammatory condition. Our data indicate that TNBS treatment upregulates T‐cell responses in all KO mice studied to a significantly higher degree than in wild‐type mice. Although the lack of either TULA‐family member exacerbates inflammation and T‐cell responses in a specific fashion, the lack of both TULA and TULA‐2 in dKO exerts a higher effect than the lack of a single family member in TULA and TULA‐2 sKO. Analysis of T‐cell responses and TCR‐mediated signaling argues that the proteins investigated affect T‐cell signaling by regulating phosphorylation of Zap‐70, a key protein tyrosine kinase.
Bacterial metabolism of methylated amines and identification of novel methylotrophs in Movile Cave
Authors: Wischer Daniela , Kumaresan Deepak , Johnston Antonia , El Khawand Myriam , Stephenson Jason , Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra M , Chen Yin , Colin Murrell J
Published: July 2014

Movile Cave, Romania, is an unusual underground ecosystem that has been sealed off from the outside world for several million years and is sustained by non-phototrophic carbon fixation. Methane and sulfur-oxidising bacteria are the main primary producers, supporting a complex food web that includes bacteria, fungi and cave-adapted invertebrates. A range of methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave grow on one-carbon compounds including methylated amines, which are produced via decomposition of organic-rich microbial mats. The role of methylated amines as a carbon and nitrogen source for bacteria in Movile Cave was investigated using a combination of cultivation studies and DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) using 13C-monomethylamine (MMA). Two newly developed primer sets targeting the gene for gamma-glutamylmethylamide synthetase (gmaS), the first enzyme of the recently-discovered indirect MMA-oxidation pathway, were applied in functional gene probing. SIP experiments revealed that the obligate methylotroph Methylotenera mobilis is one of the dominant MMA utilisers in the cave. DNA-SIP experiments also showed that a new facultative methylotroph isolated in this study, Catellibacterium sp. LW-1 is probably one of the most active MMA utilisers in Movile Cave. Methylated amines were also used as a nitrogen source by a wide range of non-methylotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave. PCR-based screening of bacterial isolates suggested that the indirect MMA-oxidation pathway involving GMA and N-methylglutamate is widespread among both methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic MMA utilisers from the cave.
Development of pro-apoptotic peptides as potential therapy for peritoneal endometriosis
Authors: Sugihara K. , Kobayashi Y. , Suzuki A. , Tamura N. , Motamedchaboki K. , Huang C.-T. , Akama T.O. , Pecotte J. , Frost P. , Bauer C. , Jimenez J.B. , Nakayama J. , Aoki D. , Fukuda M.N.
Published: July 2014

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Current treatments include oral contraceptives combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or surgery to remove lesions, all of which provide a temporary but not complete cure. Here we identify an endometriosis-targeting peptide that is internalized by cells, designated z13, using phage display. As most endometriosis occurs on organ surfaces facing the peritoneum, we subtracted a phage display library with female mouse peritoneum tissue and selected phage clones by binding to human endometrial epithelial cells. Proteomics analysis revealed the z13 receptor as the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β3, a sorting pathway protein. We then linked z13 with an apoptosis-inducing peptide and with an endosome-escaping peptide. When these peptides were co-administered into the peritoneum of baboons with endometriosis, cells in lesions selectively underwent apoptosis with no effect on neighbouring organs. Thus, this study presents a strategy that could be useful to treat peritoneal endometriosis in humans.
Microglial displacement of inhibitory synapses provides neuroprotection in the adult brain
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Jalabi Walid , Hu Weiwei , Park Hyun-Joo , Gale John T. , Kidd Grahame J. , Bernatowicz Rodica , Gossman Zachary C. , Chen Jacqueline T. , Dutta Ranjan , Trapp Bruce D.
Published: July 2014

Microglia actively survey the brain microenvironment and play essential roles in sculpting synaptic connections during brain development. While microglial functions in the adult brain are less clear, activated microglia can closely appose neuronal cell bodies and displace axosomatic presynaptic terminals. Microglia-mediated stripping of presynaptic terminals is considered neuroprotective, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Using 3D electron microscopy, we demonstrate that activated microglia displace inhibitory presynaptic terminals from cortical neurons in adult mice. Electrophysiological recordings further establish that the reduction in inhibitory GABAergic synapses increased synchronized firing of cortical neurons in γ-frequency band. Increased neuronal activity results in the calcium-mediated activation of CaM kinase IV, phosphorylation of CREB, increased expression of antiapoptotic and neurotrophic molecules and reduced apoptosis of cortical neurons following injury. These results indicate that activated microglia can protect the adult brain by migrating to inhibitory synapses and displacing them from cortical neurons.
A functional role of the sky’s polarization pattern for orientation in the greater mouse-eared bat
Authors: Greif Stefan , Borissov Ivailo , Yovel Yossi , Holland Richard A.
Published: July 2014

Animals can call on a multitude of sensory information to orient and navigate. One such cue is the pattern of polarized light in the sky, which for example can be used by birds as a geographical reference to calibrate other cues in the compass mechanism. Here we demonstrate that the female greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) uses polarization cues at sunset to calibrate a magnetic compass, which is subsequently used for orientation during a homing experiment. This renders bats the only mammal known so far to make use of the polarization pattern in the sky. Although there is currently no clear understanding of how this cue is perceived in this taxon, our observation has general implications for the sensory biology of mammalian vision.
Timing of circadian genes in mammalian tissues
Authors: Korenčič Anja , Košir Rok , Bordyugov Grigory , Lehmann Robert , Rozman Damjana , Herzel Hanspeter
Published: July 2014

Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators driving daily rhythms in physiology. The cell-autonomous clock is governed by an interlocked network of transcriptional feedback loops. Hundreds of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) regulate tissue specific functions. Transcriptome studies reveal that different organs (e.g. liver, heart, adrenal gland) feature substantially varying sets of CCGs with different peak phase distributions. To study the phase variability of CCGs in mammalian peripheral tissues, we develop a core clock model for mouse liver and adrenal gland based on expression profiles and known cis-regulatory sites. ‘Modulation factors’ associated with E-boxes, ROR-elements and D-boxes can explain variable rhythms of CCGs, which is demonstrated for differential regulation of cytochromes P450 and 12 h harmonics. By varying model parameters we explore how tissue-specific peak phase distributions can be generated. The central role of E-boxes and ROR-elements is confirmed by analysing ChIP-seq data of BMAL1 and REV-ERB transcription factors.
Studying the membrane structure of chicken erythrocytes by in situ atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tian Yongmei , Cai Mingjun , Xu Haijiao , Wang Hongda
Published: July 2014

The smooth outer leaflet and protein-covered inner leaflet of chicken erythrocyte membranes are observed by atomic force microscopy under near-native conditions.
Simultaneous colorimetric detection of improvised explosive compounds using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs)
Authors: Peters Kelley L. , Corbin Inge , Kaufman Lindsay M. , Zreibe Kyle , Blanes Lucas , McCord Bruce R.
Published: July 2014

In this paper the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) is described for the rapid, on-site detection of improvised explosives.
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in modular collagen–fibrin microtissues
Authors: Peterson A. W. , Caldwell D. J. , Rioja A. Y. , Rao R. R. , Putnam A. J. , Stegemann J. P.
Published: July 2014

Vessel networks can be generated within modular protein microbeads containing endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Embedding these microtissues in a surrounding matrix emulates aspects of new blood vessel formation, a process that is critical in tissue development, remodeling, and regeneration.
DNA strand exchange reaction activated by cationic comb-type copolymers having ureido groups
Authors: Shimada Naohiko , Song Wei , Maruyama Atsushi
Published: July 2014

Ureido modification of cationic graft copolymers accelerated DNA strand exchange reaction relative to unmodified copolymers.
Efficient labelling of enzymatically synthesized vinyl-modified DNA by an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Bußkamp Holger , Batroff Ellen , Niederwieser Andrea , Abdel-Rahman Obadah S. , Winter Rainer F. , Wittmann Valentin , Marx Andreas
Published: July 2014

A system for the enzymatic synthesis of vinylated DNA and subsequent conjugation by inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction was developed. The labelling process supersedes several already established procedures.
A divalent heteroleptic lanthanoid fluoride complex stabilised by the tetraphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand, arising from C–F activation of pentafluorobenzene
Authors: Deacon G. B. , Jaroschik F. , Junk P. C. , Kelly R. P.
Published: July 2014

The divalent heteroleptic lanthanoid fluoride complex, [Yb(C5Ph4H)(μ-F)(thf)2]2, as well as [Yb(C5Ph4H)2(thf)] and [Yb(C5Ph4H)(C6F5)(thf)2] were obtained from reactions of ytterbium metal with Hg(C6F5)2 and tetraphenyl–cyclopentadiene under different conditions.
Metal–ligand bifunctional reactivity and catalysis of protic N-heterocyclic carbene and pyrazole complexes featuring β-NH units
Authors: Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao
Published: July 2014

The metal–ligand bifunctional cooperation of protic N-heterocyclic carbene and pyrazole complexes bearing an NH unit at the position β to the metal is surveyed.
Stimuli responsive chiral liquid crystal phases of phenylboronic acid functionalized rodlike viruses and their interaction with biologically important diols
Authors: Cao Jun , Liu Shuaiyu , Xiong Jie , Chen Yingjun , Zhang Zhenkun
Published: July 2014

M13 viruses decorated with phenylboronic acid moieties form pH-responsive chiral LC phases that are regulated by binding with biological diols.
Protein assembly mediated by sulfonatocalix[4]arene
Authors: McGovern Róise E. , McCarthy Andrew A. , Crowley Peter B.
Published: July 2014

The binding of anionic p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene to cationic lysozyme results in self assembly and the formation of protein tetramer chains, as revealed by X-ray crystallography.
Selective morphologies of MgO via nanoconfinement on γ-Al2O3 and reduced graphite oxide (rGO): improved CO2 capture capacity at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Qiu Kaipei , Levänen Erkki , Guo Zheng Xiao
Published: July 2014

Distinct morphologies of MgO were obtained using γ-Al2O3 and rGO as substrates, and their effects on CO2 uptake are discussed.
Statistical analysis of σ-holes: a novel complementary view on halogen bonding
Authors: Kolář Michal H. , Carloni Paolo , Hobza Pavel
Published: July 2014

Halogen σ-hole characteristics are defined and their typical values are provided based on an extensive analysis of more than 2500 molecules from the ZINC database.
Effects of preparation variables on an alumina-supported FeCuK Fischer–Tropsch catalyst
Authors: Keyvanloo Kamyar , Horton Jonathon B. , Hecker William C. , Argyle Morris D.
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates the effects of various, carefully-chosen preparation methods on the performance of Fischer–Tropsch (FT) alumina-supported iron/copper/potassium (FeCuK/Al2O3) catalysts.
Syntheses, characterization, and structural studies of copper(i) complexes containing 1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene (dtbpf) and their application in palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of aryl halides
Authors: Trivedi Manoj , Singh Gurmeet , Kumar Abhinav , Rath Nigam P.
Published: July 2014

The syntheses and characterization of halo- and cyano-bridged copper(i) complexes are reported.
Al-SBA-15 catalysed cross-esterification and acetalisation of biomass-derived platform chemicals
Authors: Gonzalez-Arellano Camino , Arancon Rick A. D. , Luque Rafael
Published: July 2014

Al-SBA-15 exhibited excellent catalytic activities in acid-catalysed glycerol transformation including esterification and acetalisation reactions.
On the flow topology inside droplets moving in rectangular microchannels
Authors: Ma Shaohua , Sherwood Joseph M. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Balabani Stavroula
Published: July 2014

The flow topology in moving microdroplets has a significant impact on the behaviour of encapsulated objects and hence on applications of the technology.
Design and synthesis of potent macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving P1–P2 ligands
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Schiltz Gary E. , Rusere Linah N. , Osswald Heather L. , Walters D. Eric , Amano Masayuki , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: July 2014

A series of potent macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors have been designed and synthesized.
N-heterocyclic carbene catalysed oxidative esterification of aliphatic aldehydes
Authors: Samanta Ramesh C. , Studer Armido
Published: July 2014

Aliphatic aldehydes are readily transformed to the corresponding esters by oxidative carbene catalysis.
Small band gap D-π-A-π-D benzothiadiazole derivatives with low-lying HOMO levels as potential donors for applications in organic photovoltaics: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Paramasivam Mahalingavelar , Gupta Akhil , Raynor Aaron M. , Bhosale Sheshanth V. , Bhanuprakash K. , Jayathirtha Rao V.
Published: July 2014

Small organic molecules with potential applications as donors in OPV featuring carbazole, benzocarbazole as donors, benzothiadiazole as acceptor and fluorene, thiophene as spacers (π) have been synthesized and characterized.
Effective improvement of the photovoltaic performance of black dye sensitized quasi-solid-state solar cells
Authors: Chang Shuai , Wong King Young , Xiao Xudong , Chen Tao
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate the use of small molecules to improve the performance of quasi-solid-state DSSC, the efficiency can reach 8.0% or 9.2% when a phenothiazine-based molecule is co-sensitized with black dye or a porphyrin-based dye.
Ultra-stable two-dimensional MoS2 solution for highly efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Wenqing , Yang Xi , Zhang Yingying , Xu Mingsheng , Chen Hongzheng
Published: July 2014

A simple self-assembly procedure was developed for preparing a solution of 2D exfoliated MoS2 sheets with very long-term stability suitable for high-performance solar cell fabrication.
Efficient catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable liquid biofuels via furan derivatives
Authors: Wang Jianjian , Liu Xiaohui , Hu Bicheng , Lu Guanzhong , Wang Yanqin
Published: July 2014

Furan derivatives, directly generated from lignocellulosic biomass, were efficiently upgraded into renewable liquid biofuels without complicated separation and purification processes.
Liquid phase oxidation of glycerol in batch and flow-type reactors with oxygen over Au–Pd nanoparticles stabilized in anion-exchange resin
Authors: Mimura Naoki , Hiyoshi Norihito , Fujitani Tadahiro , Dumeignil Franck
Published: July 2014

Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles for selective oxidation of glycerol were successfully prepared in a commercial ion-exchange resin.
Synthesis and properties ofl-valine based chiral long alkyl chain appended 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Mishra Roli , Pandey Shubha , Trivedi Shruti , Pandey Siddharth , Pandey Pramod S.
Published: July 2014

l-Valine based alkyl (hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, cetyl, octadecyl) chain-appended 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids with iodide/hexafluorophosphate anions are found to possess favourable properties.
Trail of pore shape and temperature-sensitivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels before and after removing Brij-58 template and pore formation mechanism
Authors: Gao Wenjun , Zhang Qingsong , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Shuhua , Zhang Juan , Chen Li
Published: July 2014

Modulate porous morphology and properties of thermosensitive hydrogels by containing different contents of lyotropic liquid crystalline.
Steric effects in the reactions of amidinate germylenes with ruthenium carbonyl: isolation of a coordinatively unsaturated diruthenium(0) derivative
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , Fernández-Colinas José M. , García-Álvarez Pablo , Polo Diego
Published: July 2014

Coordinatively unsaturated germylene-bridged diruthenium(0) complexes have been prepared by treating [Ru3(CO)12] with amidinate germylenes of the type Ge(R1bzamR2)(HMDS), but only when the amidinate contains just one very bulky R group (tBu) (not two).
Cu hill and graphene grain evolution in the synthesis of millimeter-sized single crystal graphene during low pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhu Shuya , Li Quanfu , Chen Qian , Liu Weihua , Li Xin , Zhang Juan , Wang Qikun , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Hongzhong
Published: July 2014

The evolution of Cu hills beneath graphene grains during the growth of millimeter scale single crystal graphene using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) was investigated.
High power nano-structured V2O5 thin film cathodes by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Østreng Erik , Gandrud Knut Bjarne , Hu Yang , Nilsen Ola , Fjellvåg Helmer
Published: July 2014

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been used to prepare nano-structured cathode films for Li-ion batteries of V2O5 from VO(thd)2 and ozone at 215 °C.
A facile one-step synthesis of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous N-doped TiO2 with ethanediamine as the nitrogen source
Authors: Wang Ting , Yan Xiaoqing , Zhao Shishun , Lin Bo , Xue Chao , Yang Guidong , Ding Shujiang , Yang Bolun , Ma Chuansheng , Yang Guang , Yang Guorui
Published: July 2014

N-doped TiO2 with a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure was fabricated by a one-step colloidal crystal-template method, which showed excellent photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation.
Generation of bimodal porosity via self-extra porogenes in nanoporous carbons for supercapacitor application
Authors: Yu Guangli , Zou Xiaoqin , Wang Aifei , Sun Jian , Zhu Guangshan
Published: July 2014

Creation of hierarchical pores is achieved by introducing self- and extra-porogenes in MOF-based porous carbons, which leads to promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Thermoelectric properties of Cu3SbSe3 with intrinsically ultralow lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Tyagi Kriti , Gahtori Bhasker , Bathula Sivaiah , Srivastava A. K. , Shukla A. K. , Auluck Sushil , Dhar Ajay
Published: July 2014

Intrinsically ultra-low thermal conductivity and electrical transport in single-phase Cu2SbSe3 synthesized employing a solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering.
Oligothiophene-modified silver/silica core–shell nanoparticles for inhibiting open-circuit voltage drop and aggregation in polymer solar cells
Authors: Lee Woochul , Lim Joohyun , Lee Jin-Kyu , Hong Jong-In
Published: July 2014

Ag@SiO2–OT NPs well-dispersed in P3HT:PCBM increased the light-harvesting ability and inhibited charge carrier trap to improve the photovoltaic performance.
Advanced H2-storage system fabricated through chemical layer deposition in a well-designed porous carbon scaffold
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Wang Minghong , Xia Guanglin , Ma Xiaohua , Fang Fang , Deng Yonghui
Published: July 2014

An effective chemical layer deposition (CLD) method is developed for fast and controllable film deposition of Al(BH4)3(NH3)6for hydrogen storage.
Effect of processing additive on morphology and charge extraction in bulk-heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Wang Dong Hwan , Morin Pierre-Olivier , Lee Chang-Lyoul , Ko Kyaw Aung Ko , Leclerc Mario , Heeger Alan J.
Published: July 2014

The BHJ film fabricated with processing additive (DIO) exhibits improved phase-separated morphology and efficient charge generation as evidenced by decreased PL and the associated lifetime. The additive also leads to increased charge transport and decreased series resistance by means of the balanced hole and electron charge carrier mobility.
Influence of moiety sequence on the performance of small molecular photovoltaic materials
Authors: Liang Long , Wang Jin-Tu , Xiang Xuan , Ling Jun , Zhao Fu-Gang , Li Wei-Shi
Published: July 2014

Two isomeric molecules with structural variation prepared by simply exchanging benzothiadiazole and thiophene positions displayed significantly different charge transport and photovoltaic performances.
A facile and fast electrochemical route to produce functional few-layer graphene sheets for lithium battery anode application
Authors: Ouhib Farid , Aqil Abdelhafid , Thomassin Jean-Michel , Malherbe Cédric , Gilbert Bernard , Svaldo-Lanero Tiziana , Duwez Anne-Sophie , Deschamps Fabien , Job Nathalie , Vlad Alexandru , Melinte Sorin , Jérôme Christine , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: July 2014

We report a simple approach for the production of polymer functionalized graphene for Li-ion battery anodes.
Plant-driven repurposing of the ancient S-adenosylmethionine repair enzyme homocysteine S-methyltransferase
Authors: Bradbury Louis M. T. , Ziemak Michael J. , El Badawi-Sidhu Mona , Fiehn Oliver , Hanson Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

Homocysteine S-methyltransferases (HMTs) are widely distributed enzymes that convert homocysteine (Hcy) into methionine (Met) using either S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) or the plant secondary product S-methylmethionine (SMM) as methyl donor. AdoMet is chirally and covalently unstable, with racemization of natural (S,S)-AdoMet yielding biologically inactive (R,S)-AdoMet and depurination yielding S-ribosylmethionine (S-ribosylMet). The apparently futile AdoMet-dependent reaction of HMTs was assigned a role in repairing chiral damage to AdoMet in yeast: yeast HMTs strongly prefer (R,S)- to (S,S)-AdoMet and thereby limit (R,S)-AdoMet build-up [Vinci and Clarke (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 20526–20531]. In the present study, we show that bacterial, plant, protistan and animal HMTs likewise prefer (R,S)- over (S,S)-AdoMet, that their ability to use SMM varies greatly and is associated with the likely prevalence of SMM in the environment of the organism and that most HMTs cannot use S-ribosylMet. Taken with results from comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses, these data imply that (i) the ancestral function of HMTs was (R,S)-AdoMet repair, (ii) the efficient use of SMM reflects the repurposing of HMTs after the evolutionary advent of plants introduced SMM into the biosphere, (iii) this plant-driven repurposing was facile and occurred independently in various lineages, and (iv) HMTs have little importance in S-ribosylMet metabolism.
Limitation of parallel flow in double diffusive convection: Two- and three-dimensional transitions in a horizontal porous domain
Authors: Mimouni N. , Bennacer R. , Chikh S. , Rahli O.
Published: July 2014

Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of double diffusion natural convection in an elongated enclosure filled with a binary fluid saturating a porous medium are carried out in the present work. The Boussinesq approximation is made in the formulation of the problem, and Neumann boundary conditions for temperature and concentration are adopted, respectively, on vertical and horizontal walls of the cavity. The used numerical method is based on the control volume approach, with the third order quadratic upstream interpolation scheme in approximating the advection terms. A semi implicit method algorithm is used to handle the velocity-pressure coupling. To avoid the excessively high computer time inherent to the solution of 3D natural convection problems, full approximation storage with full multigrid method is used to solve the problem. A wide range of the controlling parameters (Rayleigh-Darcy number Ra, lateral aspect ratio Ay, Lewis number Le, and the buoyancy ration N) is investigated. We clearly show that increasing the depth of the cavity (i.e., the lateral aspect ratio) has an important effect on the flow patterns. The 2D perfect parallel flows obtained for small lateral aspect ratio are drastically destabilized by increasing the cavity lateral dimension. This yields a 3D fluid motion with a much more complex flow pattern and the usually considered 2D parallel flow model cannot be applied.
Well-ordered monolayers of alkali-doped coronene and picene: Molecular arrangements and electronic structures
Authors: Yano M. , Endo M. , Hasegawa Y. , Okada R. , Yamada Y. , Sasaki M.
Published: July 2014

Adsorptions of alkali metals (such as K and Li) on monolayers of coronene and picene realize the formation of ordered phases, which serve as well-defined model systems for metal-intercalated aromatic superconductors. Upon alkali-doping of the monolayers of coronene and picene, scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the rearrangement of the entire molecular layer. The K-induced reconstruction of both monolayers resulted in the formation of a structure with a herringbone-like arrangement of molecules, suggesting the intercalation of alkali metals between molecular planes. Upon reconstruction, a shift in both the vacuum level and core levels of coronene was observed as a result of a charge transfer from alkali metals to coronene. In addition, a new density of states near the Fermi level was formed in both the doped coronene and the doped picene monolayers. This characteristic electronic feature of the ordered monolayer has been also reported in the multilayer picene films, ensuring that the present monolayer can model the properties of the metal-intercalated aromatic hydrocarbons. It is suggested that the electronic structure near the Fermi level is sensitive to the molecular arrangement, and that both the strict control and determinations of the molecular structure in the doped phase should be important for the determination of the electronic structure of these materials.
Deuterium density profile determination at JET using a neutron camera and a neutron spectrometer
Authors: Eriksson J. , Castegnetti G. , Conroy S. , Ericsson G. , Giacomelli L. , Hellesen C. ,   JET-EFDA Contributors
Published: July 2014

In this work we estimate the fuel ion density profile in deuterium plasmas at JET, using the JET neutron camera, the neutron time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR, and fusion reactivities modeled by the transport code TRANSP. The framework has been tested using synthetic data, which showed that the density profile could be reconstructed with an average accuracy of the order of 10 %. The method has also been applied to neutron measurements from a neutral beam heated JET discharge, which gave nd/ne ≈ 0.6 ± 0.3 in the plasma core and nd/ne ≈ 0.4 ± 0.3 towards the edge. Correction factors for detector efficiencies, neutron attenuation, and back-scattering are not yet included in the analysis; future work will aim at refining the estimated density.
Hugoniot experiments with unsteady waves
Authors: Fratanduono D. E. , Munro D. H. , Celliers P. M. , Collins G. W.
Published: July 2014

Recent development of transparent shock wave standard materials, such as quartz, enables continuous tracking of shock waves using optical velocimetry, providing information on shock wave steadiness and pressure perturbations in the target. From a first order perturbation analysis, we develop a set of analytical formulas that connect the pressure perturbations at the drive surface to the shock velocity perturbations observed in measurements. With targets that incorporate a calibrated transparent witness material, such as quartz, and with the analytical formulas describing the perturbation response, it is possible to determine the sound speed and Grüneisen coefficient of an unknown sample by using evolution of the non-steady perturbations as a probe. These formulas can also be used to improve the accuracy of traditional shock wave impedance match Hugoniot experiments of opaque samples driven with non-steady waves.
Post-breakup solutions of Navier-Stokes and Stokes threads
Authors: Eggers J.
Published: July 2014

We consider the breakup of a fluid thread, neglecting the effect of the outside fluid (or air). After breakup, the solution of the fluid equations consists of two threads, receding rapidly from the point of breakup. We show that the bulk of each thread is described by a similarity solution of slender geometry (which we call the thread solution), but which breaks down near the tip. Near the tip of the thread the thread solution can be matched to a solution of Stokes' equation, which consists of a finger of constant spatial radius, rounded at the end. Very close to breakup, the thread solution balances inertia, viscosity, and surface tension (Navier-Stokes case). If however the fluid viscosity is large (as measured by the dimensionless Ohnesorge number), some time after breakup the thread solution consists of a balance of surface tension and viscosity only (Stokes case), and the thread profile can be described analytically.
Temperature-dependent polarization back-switching and dielectric nonlinearity in PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Peng Bin , Xie Zhenkun , Yue Zhenxing , Li Longtu
Published: July 2014

Temperature-dependent domains back-switching behavior and nonlinear dielectric response were studied in 200 nm fresh and aged PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 thin films to compare domain walls motion under large and small signals. Expected thermally activation of domains back-switching and dielectric nonlinearity were observed at low temperature, however, abnormal thermally inhibited behavior occurred at higher temperatures. Such phenomenon was found in both fresh and aged films and the ageing process magnified such thermally inhibited effect. Analyzing nonlinear dielectric response with Rayleigh law suggested that the interaction between domain walls and pinning centers was strengthened at high temperature especially after ageing. Promoted pinning effect by rising temperature could reduce dielectric loss and this is practical for high temperature applications of ferroelectrics.