bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate identification ofHelicoverpa armigera–Helicoverpa zeahybrids using genome admixture analysis: implications for genomic surveillance
Authors: Trujillo D. , Mastrangelo T. , Estevez de Jensen C. , Verle Rodrigues J.C. , Lawrie R.D. , Massey S.E.
Published: November 2023

Helicoverpa armigera, the cotton bollworm moth, is one of the world’s most important crop pests, and is spreading throughout the New World from its original range in the Old World. In Brazil, invasiveH.armigerahas been reported to hybridize with local populations ofHelicoverpa zea. The correct identification ofH.armigera-H.zeahybrids is important in understanding the origin, spread and future outlook for New World regions that are affected by outbreaks, given that hybridization can potentially facilitateH.zeapesticide resistance and host plant range via introgression ofH.armigeragenes. Here, we present a genome admixture analysis of high quality genome sequences generated from twoH.armigera-H.zeaF1 hybrids generated in two different labs. Our admixture pipeline predicts 48.8 %H.armigerafor both F1 hybrids, confirming its accuracy. Genome sequences from fiveH.zeaand oneH.armigerathat were generated as part of the study show no evidence of hybridization. Interestingly, we show that fourH.zeagenomes generated from a previous study are predicted to possess a proportion ofH.armigeragenetic material. Using unsupervised clustering to identify non-hybridizedH.armigeraandH.zeagenomes, 8511 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) were identified. Their relative frequencies are consistent with a minorH.armigeracomponent in the four genomes, however its origin remains to be established. We show that the size and quality of genomic reference datasets are critical for accurate hybridization prediction. Consequently, we discuss potential pitfalls in genome admixture analysis ofH.armigera-H.zeahybrids, and suggest measures that will improve such analyses.
Biomechanical Modeling of Cesarean Section Scars and Scar Defects
Authors: Scott Adrienne K , Louwagie Erin M , Myers Kristin M , Oyen Michelle L
Published: November 2023

Uterine rupture is an intrinsically biomechanical process associated with high maternal and fetal mortality. A previous Cesarean section (C-section) is the main risk factor for uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy due to tissue failure at the scar region. Finite element modeling of the uterus and scar tissue presents a promising method to further understand and predict uterine ruptures. Using patient dimensions of an at-term uterus, a C-section scar was modeled with an applied intrauterine pressure to study how scars affect uterine stress. The scar positioning and uterine thickness were varied, and a defect was incorporated into the scar region. The modeled stress distributions confirmed clinical observations as the increased regions of stress due to scar positioning, thinning of the uterine walls, and the presence of a defect are consistent with clinical observations of features that increase the risk of uterine rupture.
Biobank-scale inference of multi-individual identity by descent and gene conversion
Authors: Browning Sharon R. , Browning Brian L.
Published: November 2023

We present a method for efficiently identifying clusters of identical-by-descent haplotypes in biobank-scale sequence data. Our multi-individual approach enables much more efficient collection and storage of identity by descent (IBD) information than approaches that detect and store pairwise IBD segments. Our method’s computation time, memory requirements, and output size scale linearly with the number of individuals in the dataset. We also present a method for using multi-individual IBD to detect alleles changed by gene conversion. Application of our methods to the autosomal sequence data for 125,361 White British individuals in the UK Biobank detects more than 9 million converted alleles. This is 2900 times more alleles changed by gene conversion than were detected in a previous analysis of familial data. We estimate that more than 250,000 sequenced probands and a much larger number of additional genomes from multi-generational family members would be required to find a similar number of alleles changed by gene conversion using a family-based approach.
Experimental evolution of multicellularity via cuboidal cell packing in fission yeast
Authors: Pineau Rozenn M. , Kahn Penelope C. , Lac Dung T. , Denning Mia , Wong Whitney , Ratcliff William C. , Bozdag G. Ozan
Published: November 2023

The evolution of multicellularity represents a major transition in life’s history, enabling the rise of complex organisms. Multicellular groups can evolve through multiple developmental modes, but a common step is the formation of permanent cell-cell attachments after division. The characteristics of the multicellular morphology which emerges has profound consequences for the subsequent evolution of a nascent multicellular lineage, but little prior work has examined these dynamics directly. Here we examine a widespread yet understudied emergent multicellular morphology: cuboidal packing. Extinct and extant multicellular organisms across the tree of life have evolved to form groups in which spherical cells divide but remain attached, forming approximately cubic subunits. To experimentally investigate the evolution of cuboidal cell packing, we used settling selection to favor the evolution of simple multicellularity in unicellular, sphericalSchizosaccharomyces pombeyeast. Multicellular clusters with cuboidal organization rapidly evolved, displacing the unicellular ancestor. These clusters displayed key hallmarks of an evolutionary transition in individuality: groups possess an emergent life cycle driven by physical fracture, group size is heritable, and they respond to group-level selection via multicellular adaptation. In 2/5 lineages, group formation was driven by mutations in theACE2gene, preventing daughter cell separation after division. Remarkably,ACE2mutations also underlie the transition to multicellularity inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandC. galabrata, lineages last shared a common ancestor>300 million years ago. Our results provide insight into the evolution of cuboidal cell packing, an understudied multicellular morphology, and highlights the deeply convergent potential for a transition to multicellular individuality within fungi.
Predicting Attentional Focus: Heartbeat-Evoked Responses and Brain Dynamics During Interoceptive and Exteroceptive Information Processing
Authors: Flo Emilia , Belloli Laouen , Cabana Alvaro , Ruyan-Belabbas Alessia , Jodaitis Lise , Valente Melanie , Rohaut Benjamin , Naccache Lionel , Rosanova Mario , Comanducci Angela , Andrillon Thomas , Sitt Jacobo
Published: November 2023

Attention shapes our consciousness content and perception by increasing the probability of becoming aware and, or, better encode a selection of the incoming inner or outer sensory world. We designed a task to engage interoceptive and exteroceptive attention by orienting healthy participants to their heartbeats or auditory stimuli and investigated whether brain dynamics (Kolmogorov complexity - KC, permutation entropy - PE, weighted symbolic mutual information - wSMI, power spectrum density - PSD) and the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) distinguished interoceptive from exteroceptive covert attention. Exteroceptive attention yielded an overall flattening of the PSD, whereas during interoceptive attention there was a decrease in complexity, an increase in frontal connectivity and oscillations in the theta range, and a modulation of the HEP. Subject-level classifiers based on HEP features classified the attentional state of 17/20 participants. KC, PE, and wSMI showed comparable accuracy in classifying exteroceptive-interoceptive attention and exhibited a synergic behavior with the HEP features. PSD features demonstrated exceptional performance (20/20). Command-following was assessed in 5 brain-injured patients with a modified version of the task. An Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome/Vegetative State patient and a locked-in syndrome patient demonstrated a willful modulation of the HEP and the patient-level classifiers suggest that patients were complying with task instructions. Our findings show that directing attention to bodily rhythms or external stimuli elicits distinct neural responses that can be employed to track covert attention at the individual level. Importantly, the brain markers studied in this work provide multiple layers to explore information processing in disorders of conscious patients.
Higher Expression of Denervation-responsive Genes is Negatively Associated with Muscle Volume and Performance Traits in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)
Authors: Lukasiewicz Cole J. , Tranah Gregory J. , Evans Daniel S. , Coen Paul M. , Barnes Haley N. , Huo Zhiguang , Esser Karyn A. , Lane Nancy E. , Kritchevsky Steven B. , Newman Anne B. , Cummings Steven R. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Hepple Russell T.
Published: November 2023

With aging skeletal muscle fibers undergo repeating cycles of denervation and reinnervation. In approximately the 8thdecade of life reinnervation no longer keeps pace, resulting in the accumulation of persistently denervated muscle fibers that in turn cause an acceleration of muscle dysfunction. The significance of denervation in important clinical outcomes with aging is poorly studied. The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) is a large cohort study with the primary objective to assess how aging muscle biology impacts clinically important traits. Using transcriptomics data from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in 575 participants we have selected 49 denervation-responsive genes to provide insights to the burden of denervation in SOMMA, to test the hypothesis that greater expression of denervation-responsive genes negatively associates with SOMMA participant traits that included time to walk 400 meters, fitness (VO2peak), maximal mitochondrial respiration, muscle mass and volume, and leg muscle strength and power. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased transcript levels of: a calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion glycoprotein (CDH15), acetylcholine receptor subunits (Chrna1, Chrnd, Chrne), a glycoprotein promoting reinnervation (NCAM1), a transcription factor regulating aspects of muscle organization (RUNX1), and a sodium channel (SCN5A) were each negatively associated with at least 3 of these traits. VO2peakand maximal respiration had the strongest negative associations with 15 and 19 denervation-responsive genes, respectively. In conclusion, the abundance of denervation-responsive gene transcripts is a significant determinant of muscle and mobility outcomes in aging humans, supporting the imperative to identify new treatment strategies to restore innervation in advanced age.
Delay in Door-to-door-to-balloon time for Primary PCI is rarely Related to Cardiologists Late Arrival
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Irilouzadian Rana
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Interventional cardiologists are held accountable for delay in the door-to-balloon time (DBT) for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) even though in the chain of STEMI activation, the interventional cardiologist is the last person that needs to be available to start angiography. The goal of our study is to conduct a thorough analysis of the DBT data to assess time delays by randomly evaluating two consecutive years at the University of Arizona Medical Center (UAMC). METHODS: We evaluated all available DBT data for STEMIs occurring in the fiscal years of 2011 and 2012 at the UAMC and calculated the time needed for the cardiologist to start the procedure after the patient was ready in the cardiac catheterization laboratory called Time to start the procedure (TSP) in addition to other time intervals. RESULTS: Mean TSP time was 4 minutes and 24 seconds, one of the shortest time delays in the chain of STEMI activation and DBT. The median TSP delay was 3 minutes. The longest delay interval was the STEMI team's arrival to with a mean of 17 minutes and 38 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Our data is the first to evaluate delays related to DBT revealing the least delay occurring due to the late arrival of Interventional cardiologists. Our data emphasizes the importance of performing a detailed time analysis of the DBT delay in order to objectively determine the actual areas of delay and provide a future pathway to improve them since we have specifically detected a delay in STEMI team and patient arrival to the catheterization laboratory as the main delay in the DBT time.
CellChat for systematic analysis of cell-cell communication from single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Jin Suoqin , Plikus Maksim V. , Nie Qing
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies offer an opportunity to explore cell-cell communication in tissues systematically and with reduced bias. A key challenge is the integration between known molecular interactions and measurements into a framework to identify and analyze complex cell-cell communication networks. Previously, we developed a computational tool, named CellChat that infers and analyzes cell-cell communication networks from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data within an easily interpretable framework. CellChat quantifies the signaling communication probability between two cell groups using a simplified mass action-based model, which incorporates the core interaction between ligands and receptors with multi-subunit structure along with modulation by cofactors. CellChat v2 is an updated version that includes direct incorporation of spatial locations of cells, if available, to infer spatially proximal cell-cell communication, additional comparison functionalities, expanded database of ligand-receptor pairs along with rich annotations, and an Interactive CellChat Explorer. Here we provide a step-by-step protocol for using CellChat v2 that can be used for both scRNA-seq and spatially resolved transcriptomic data, including inference and analysis of cell-cell communication from one dataset and identification of altered signaling across different datasets. The key steps of applying CellChat v2 to spatially resolved transcriptomics are described in detail. The R implementation of CellChat v2 toolkit and tutorials with the graphic outputs are available athttps://github.com/jinworks/CellChat. This protocol typically takes around 20 minutes, and no specialized prior bioinformatics training is required to complete the task.
From Noise to Knowledge: Diffusion Probabilistic Model-Based Neural Inference of Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Zhu Hao , Slonim Donna K.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Understanding gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is crucial for elucidating cellular mechanisms and advancing therapeutic interventions. Original methods for GRN inference from bulk expression data often struggled with the high dimensionality and inherent noise in the data. Here we introduce RegDiffusion, a new class of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models focusing on the regulatory effects among feature variables. RegDiffusion introduces Gaussian noise to the input data following a diffusion schedule and uses a neural network with a parameterized adjacency matrix to predict the added noise. We show that using this process, GRNs can be learned effectively with a surprisingly simple model architecture. In our benchmark experiments, RegDiffusion shows superior performance compared to several baseline methods in multiple datasets. We also demonstrate that RegDiffusion can infer biologically meaningful regulatory networks from real-world single-cell data sets with over 15,000 genes in under 5 minutes. This work not only introduces a fresh perspective on GRN inference but also highlights the promising capacity of diffusion-based models in the area of single-cell analysis. The RegDiffusion software package and experiment data are available athttps://github.com/TuftsBCB/RegDiffusion.
The FXR1 network acts as signaling scaffold for actomyosin remodeling
Authors: Chen Xiuzhen , Fansler Mervin M. , Janjoš Urška , Ule Jernej , Mayr Christine
Published: November 2023

It is currently not known whether mRNAs fulfill structural roles in the cytoplasm. Here, we report the FXR1 network, an mRNA-protein (mRNP) network present throughout the cytoplasm, formed by FXR1-mediated packaging of exceptionally long mRNAs. These mRNAs serve as underlying condensate scaffold and concentrate FXR1 molecules. The FXR1 network contains multiple protein binding sites and functions as a signaling scaffold for interacting proteins. We show that it is necessary for RhoA signaling-induced actomyosin reorganization to provide spatial proximity between kinases and their substrates. Point mutations in FXR1, found in its homolog FMR1, where they cause Fragile X syndrome, disrupt the network. FXR1 network disruption prevents actomyosin remodeling—an essential and ubiquitous process for the regulation of cell shape, migration, and synaptic function. These findings uncover a structural role for cytoplasmic mRNA and show how the FXR1 RNA-binding protein as part of the FXR1 network acts as organizer of signaling reactions.
Female sex steroids and epilepsy: Part 2. A practical and human focus on catamenial epilepsy
Authors: Alshakhouri Malak , Sharpe Cynthia , Bergin Peter , Sumner Rachael L.
Published: November 2023

Catamenial epilepsy is the best described and most researched sex steroid‐specific seizure exacerbation. Yet despite this there are no current evidence‐based treatments, nor an accepted diagnostic tool. The best tool we currently have is tracking seizures over menstrual cycles; however, the reality of tracking seizures and menstrual cycles is fraught with challenges. In Part 1 of this two‐part review, we outlined the often complex and reciprocal relationship between seizures and sex steroids. An adaptable means of tracking is required. In this review, we outline the extent and limitations of current knowledge on catamenial epilepsy. We use sample data to show how seizure exacerbations can be tracked in short/long and even irregular menstrual cycles. We describe how seizure severity, an often overlooked and underresearched form of catamenial seizure exacerbation, can also be tracked. Finally, given the lack of treatment options for females profoundly affected by catamenial epilepsy, Section 3 focuses on current methods and models for researching sex steroids and seizures as well as limitations and future directions. To permit more informative, mechanism‐focused research in humans, the need for both a consistent classification of catamenial epilepsy and an objective biomarker is highlighted.
To be traceable and responsive: blockchain adoption and information sharing in a fresh produce supply chain
Authors: Ma Songxuan , Dan Bin , Li Mengli , Zhou Maosen
Published: November 2023

This study targets a fresh produce supply chain that includes a retailer owning private demand information, a supplier who may adopt blockchain, and a 3PL (Third Party Logistics) engaging in freshness keeping. By developing a multi‐stage game model, we study the blockchain adoption strategy and the information‐sharing strategy considering information transmission between the 3PL and the supplier and analyze the interaction of these strategies. We find that under the case of moderate blockchain cost, the retailer could encourage the supplier to adopt blockchain by sharing information strategically. In that case, the retailer would actively share with the supplier and the 3PL for fresh produce with low freshness sensitivity and serious consumer distrust. Otherwise, due to the dominant impact of information transmission, the retailer has to keep private information if consumers are less concerned about freshness, while it has to share information if consumers are more concerned about freshness.
Species associations in joint species distribution models: from missing variables to conditional predictions
Authors: Vallé Clément , Poggiato Giovanni , Thuiller Wilfried , Jiguet Frédéric , Princé Karine , Le Viol Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Aim

The abundance and distribution of multiple species are interconnected through various mechanisms (e.g. biotic interactions or common responses to the environment) shaping communities. Joint species distribution models (jSDM) have been introduced as a potential tool to integrate these mechanisms when modelling multiple species distributions, by inferring a residual matrix of species associations that could inform on biotic interactions. However, the direct link between these residual associations and biotic interactions has been challenged. Here, we test how the data type, resolution and sampling size affect the species associations identified by jSDMs and their benefits for predicting species given the known state of others (i.e. conditional prediction).

Location

France.

Taxon

Birds.

Method

Utilizing standardized co‐abundances of 40 common bird species, across 7040 monitoring sites, and eight environmental variables at high resolution (200 m), we compared jSDM residual associations across data types (abundance vs. occurrence), resolution and sampling size. Additionally, we investigated correlations between residual associations and species functional similarities (eight traits). We then assessed to what extent residual associations contain valuable information for conditional predictions.

Results

Our results show that species associations identified by jSDM are greatly influenced by data resolution and sampling size rather than data types (abundance vs. occurrence). We find positive correlations between species associations and functional similarity that challenges the inference of negative biotic interactions expected from niche partitioning. However, retrieving these high‐resolution residual species associations for conditional predictions enhanced predictive quality for all species (+235% on average), potentially synthesizing missing variables difficult to capture in the field.

Main Conclusions

We highlight that species associations identified by jSDM using fine‐resolution co‐abundance datasets do not retrieve biotic interactions expected from niche partitioning (i.e. positive correlation with functional similarity) but probably missing environmental variables. Nonetheless, these residual associations contain valuable information to enhance predictive performance through currently underutilized conditional predictions.
HbA1c‐dependent projection of long‐term renal outcomes
Authors: Arnold Frederic , Kappes Julia , Rottmann Felix A. , Westermann Lukas , Welte Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is limited data addressing the value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to predict renal outcomes independent of diabetes status.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective observational study presents data of 19,285 subjects, irrespective of initial CKD or diabetes status. The primary endpoint was defined as the time to manifestation of moderate CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in subjects with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. The secondary endpoint was defined as time to progression of CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) in subjects with eGFR 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate time‐to‐event and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the influences of HbA1c, sex, age, eGFR, triglycerides, and cholesterol on both endpoints.

Results

Lowest baseline HbA1c levels were associated with the slowest decline of kidney function (median time to manifestation of moderate CKD for HbA1c <5.7%: 15.9 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.2–16.7]; for HbA1c 5.7%–6.5%: 14.5 years [95% CI: 14.0–15.1]; for HbA1c 6.5%–8.5%: 11.1 years [95% CI: 10.4–11.7]; for HbA1c >8.5%: 8.3 years [95% CI: 7.8–9.2]; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for the secondary endpoint. Covariate‐adjusted time‐to‐event analysis demonstrated an almost linear correlation between continuous baseline HbA1c levels and the probabilities of reaching both endpoints.

Conclusions

HbA1c levels are a strong predictor for eGFR decline, irrespective of diabetes status or CKD stage, demonstrating a tight concentration‐dependent relationship. This association becomes apparent in the prediabetic HbA1c range and remains constant over the entire HbA1c spectrum.
Stochastic organelle genome segregation through Arabidopsis development and reproduction
Authors: Broz Amanda K. , Sloan Daniel B. , Johnston Iain G.
Published: November 2023

Organelle DNA (oDNA) in mitochondria and plastids is vital for plant (and eukaryotic) life. Selection against damaged oDNA is mediated in part by segregation – sorting different oDNA types into different cells in the germline. Plants segregate oDNA very rapidly, with oDNA recombination protein MSH1 a key driver of this segregation, but we have limited knowledge of the dynamics of this segregation within plants and between generations. Here, we reveal how oDNA evolves through Arabidopsis thaliana development and reproduction.

We combine stochastic modelling, Bayesian inference, and model selection with new and existing tissue‐specific oDNA measurements from heteroplasmic Arabidopsis plant lines through development and between generations.

Segregation proceeds gradually but continually during plant development, with a more rapid increase between inflorescence formation and the next generation. When MSH1 is compromised, the majority of observed segregation can be achieved through partitioning at cell divisions. When MSH1 is functional, mtDNA segregation is far more rapid; we show that increased oDNA gene conversion is a plausible mechanism quantitatively explaining this acceleration.

These findings reveal the quantitative, time‐dependent details of oDNA segregation in Arabidopsis. We also discuss the support for different models of the plant germline provided by these observations.
Genetic analysis and characterisation of Cmowf, a gene controlling the white petal colour phenotype in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D)
Authors: Min Ziyang , Li Yongqi , Sun Bo , Li Jiajia , Wu Qi , Liu Zhongyang , Han Xiaoxia , Hu Xinjun
Published: November 2023

Flower colour, as an important morphological marker, plays an essential role in improving the identification efficiency of the purity seed in hybrid production. However, the molecular mechanism of white‐flower trait has not been reported in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.). In this study, we obtained a white‐flower mutant (wf) through the ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of inbred line N87 (yellow flower). F2 populations were then constructed by crossing wf mutant and N87 plant to fine map the genes controlling white‐flower trait in pumpkin. Phenotypic identification revealed that carotenoid content significantly decreased in the petals of wf mutants compared with N87 plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the white flower mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, Cmowf. Using bulked segregant analysis and KASP phenotyping, Cmowf was mapped to a 762 kb region on chromosome 14 containing three annotated genes. Among them, a nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms mutation was identified only in CmoCh14G005820 gene, which encoded a DUF1997 family protein. Compared with CmoDUF1997 amino acid sequences between the wf mutants and N87 plants, the critical amino acid mutations (early termination of amino acids) occurred in wf mutants, so CmoCh14G005820 was predicted as a potential candidate for controlling the white‐flower trait. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of CmoCh14G005820 and most genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis was significantly downregulated in wf mutants, whereas the expression of several genes responsible for carotenoid degradation was upregulated in wf mutants. This finding suggested that carotenoid metabolism may participate in the formation of flower colour in pumpkin. Overall, our results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying white‐flower formation in pumpkin.
Analysis of CO2 Emission from Urban Soils of the Kola Peninsula (European Arctic)
Authors: Korneykova M. V. , Vasenev V. I. , Saltan N. V. , Slukovskaya M. V. , Soshina A. S. , Zavodskikh M. S. , Sotnikova Yu. L. , Dolgikh A. V.
Published: November 2023

Dynamics of soil CO2emission, temperature, and moisture were studied during the vegetation season (from May to October) in 2021 and 2022 in the residential areas of Murmansk and Apatity cities (Murmansk oblast) in comparison with natural areas. The mean emissions from urban soils were 5–7 g C/(m2day) in summer and 1–2 g C/(m2day) in spring and fall. Temperature was the main abiogenic factor that determined the seasonal dynamics of soil respiration (R2from 0.4 to 0.7,p< 0.05;Q10temperature coefficient up to 2.5), while excess moisture had a limiting effect, especially in the natural areas. The heterogeneity of hydrothermal conditions and the content of biophilic elements determined the differences in the mean CO2emission between natural and urban soils. For the natural soils, the mean temperature was lower and the moisture content was higher than for urban areas, which determined the lowest emission values. Among urban sites, higher CO2emissions were found for tree and shrub vegetation sites.
SR-GAN for SR-gamma: super resolution of photon calorimeter images at collider experiments
Authors: Erdmann Johannes , van der Graaf Aaron , Mausolf Florian , Nackenhorst Olaf
Published: November 2023

We study single-image super-resolution algorithms for photons at collider experiments based on generative adversarial networks. We treat the energy depositions of simulated electromagnetic showers of photons and neutral-pion decays in a toy electromagnetic calorimeter as 2D images and we train super-resolution networks to generate images with an artificially increased resolution by a factor of four in each dimension. The generated images are able to reproduce features of the electromagnetic showers that are not obvious from the images at nominal resolution. Using the artificially-enhanced images for the reconstruction of shower-shape variables and of the position of the shower center results in significant improvements. We additionally investigate the utilization of the generated images as a pre-processing step for deep-learning photon-identification algorithms and observe improvements in the case of training samples of small size.
Method Validation and Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Evaluation on Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in the Aquatic Products
Authors: Liu Li , Long Nanbiao , Zhou Juan , Liu Manxue , He Shaobo , Chu Wuying
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate a detection method of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin to be avail for strictly supervising the quality and safety of aquatic products. The results displayed that the optimal extraction conditions for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the following five aspects: 15 g dosages of Na2SO4 to dehydrate, 8‰ of acetonitrile and 50% hydrochloric acid to deproteinization, 2 mL dosages of n-hexane to degrease, 10 min of ultrasonic time, and 20 min of extraction (stand) time. Meanwhile, it was also obtained for the optimal detection performance indexes of the recovery, precision, and accuracy from the tests of shrimp, grass carp, and tilapia. In particular, the expanded uncertainties were 2.8601 and 0.8613, and the factors of both the calibration curves (

U

rel

C

) and the analysis of the experiment (

U

rel

E

) were the two MU main contributors for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin together with the results above 40%. Consequently, the developed novel method was suited for the determination of the enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in aquatic products and would contribute to reinforce in supervision and inspection of the quality and safety of aquatic products.
Sustainable Materials and Technologies for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pesode Pralhad , Barve Shivprakash , Wankhede Sagar V. , Ahmad Akbar
Published: November 2023

Over the past few years, 3D-printed biomaterials have gained widespread usage in the manufacturing of orthopaedic implants. 3D-printed implants have low weight, minimal material waste, ease of creation, the capacity to create complex topological implants that are patient specific, and a porous structure that permits tissue development. 3D printing has the potential to reduce material waste, cut transportation costs, optimise manufacturing costs, streamline the supply chain in supply chain management (SCM), and enhance environmental sustainability by utilising the concept of production-on-demand (POD). Biopolymer-based composites consisting of cellulose, chitin, and chitosan are sustainable materials that may be utilised as necessary. In light of the present biomedical issues, hydroxyapatite and starch combinations have immense potential for generating sustainable biomaterials. Carbon, which is a key category of sustainable biomaterials, is found in a wide range of carbonaceous gels and biomaterials based on cellulose fibres and carbon nanotube. The goal of this article is to give a thorough review of a few of the most recent developments, uses, and challenges for biomaterials made from sustainable resources. In this article, the authors have initially covered different biomaterials such as metallic, polymeric, ceramic, and composite and their properties and applications. Sustainable manufacturing techniques for biomaterials such as 3D and 4D printing are also covered in this article. Different sustainable biomaterials are covered with their properties and applications such as protein-based, cellulose, chitin, and chitosan composite-based, hydroxyapatite-starch-based and carbonaceous biomaterials. At last, future scope and opportunities in sustainable biomaterials and manufacturing techniques are covered. It has been found out that 3D printing technologies may support circular production systems across a range of sectors including biomedical by permitting the use of recycled and recovered materials as raw materials only when necessary.
Attack based on data: a novel perspective to attack sensitive points directly
Authors: Ge Yuyao , Yang Zhongguo , Chen Lizhe , Wang Yiming , Li Chengyang
Published: November 2023

Adversarial attack for time-series classification model is widely explored and many attack methods are proposed. But there is not a method of attack based on the data itself. In this paper, we innovatively proposed a black-box sparse attack method based on data location. Our method directly attack the sensitive points in the time-series data according to statistical features extract from the dataset. At first, we have validated the transferability of sensitive points among DNNs with different structures. Secondly, we use the statistical features extract from the dataset and the sensitive rate of each point as the training set to train the predictive model. Then, predicting the sensitive rate of test set by predictive model. Finally, perturbing according to the sensitive rate. The attack is limited by constraining the L0 norm to achieve one-point attack. We conduct experiments on several datasets to validate the effectiveness of this method.
Addressing shortage of skilled technical workers in the USA: A glimpse for training service providers
Authors: Kalejaiye Peter Oluwadare
Published: November 2023

Skilled technical workers are needed to make any country highly competitive and more productive globally. However, there are reports that the supply of skilled technical workers does not adequately meet the current and future demand in the US labor market, and this is expected to continue if proper efforts are not made to increase its supply. As a result, this study examines a relevant sample of the workforce (skilled technical workers) which is important to the USA but has been under-studied in management research by explaining the factors responsible for its sabotage and explaining how these factors should be considered by training service providers to educate and train their target audience to increase skilled technical workers in the country. The narrative literature review was utilized for the study. The study reveals that regulatory, demographic, environmental, educational, and occupational factors are responsible for the shortage of skilled technical workers in the USA. There is a need for training service providers to examine these factors to determine the kind of skilled technical workforce development programs to adopt, the target audience or people to benefit from them, and partner with one another to address the shortage of technical workers. Some of the ways to increase skilled technical workers are formulations of flexible policies backed by effective and efficient implementations, an increase in funding for education and training programs by the government, employers, and non-government organizations, and the motivation of existing workers to attract prospective workers.
Efficacy and Safety of Teprotumumab in Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease of Long Duration and Low Disease Activity
Authors: Douglas Raymond S , Couch Steven , Wester Sara T , Fowler Brian T , Liu Catherine Y , Subramanian Prem S , Tang Rosa , Nguyen Quang T , Maamari Robi N , Ugradar Shoaib , Hsu Kate , Karon Michael , Stan Marius N
Published: November 2023

Context

Early inflammatory thyroid eye disease (TED) can lead to symptomatic chronic disease, including disabling proptosis. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, previously demonstrated efficacy in acute, high-inflammation TED trials.

Objective

We present data from the first placebo-controlled trial with teprotumumab in chronic/low disease activity TED.

Methods

This randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, conducted at 11 US centers, enrolled adult participants with TED duration of 2 to 10 years, Clinical Activity Score (CAS) ≤ 1 or no additional inflammation or progression in proptosis/diplopia for ≥1 year, proptosis ≥3 mm from before TED and/or from normal, euthyroid/mildly hypo/hyperthyroid, no prior teprotumumab, and no steroids within 3 weeks of baseline. Patients received (2:1) intravenous teprotumumab or placebo once every 3 weeks (total 8 infusions). The primary endpoint was proptosis (mm) improvement at Week 24. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed.

Results

A total of 62 (42 teprotumumab and 20 placebo) patients were randomized. At Week 24, least squares mean (SE) proptosis improvement was greater with teprotumumab (−2.41 [0.228]) than with placebo (−0.92 [0.323]), difference −1.48 (95% CI −2.28, −0.69; P = .0004). Proportions of patients with AEs were similar between groups. Hyperglycemia was reported in 6 (15%) vs 2 (10%) and hearing impairment in 9 (22%) vs 2 (10%) with teprotumumab and placebo, respectively. AEs led to discontinuation in 1 teprotumumab (left ear conductive hearing loss with congenital anomaly) and 1 placebo patient (infusion-related). There were no deaths.

Conclusion

Teprotumumab significantly improved proptosis vs placebo in longstanding/low inflammation TED, demonstrating efficacy regardless of disease duration/activity. The safety profile was comparable to that previously reported.
Drought stress tolerance in rice: a critical insight
Authors: Choudhury Debapriya , Mukherjee Chandrama , Dey Shinjan , Dutta Sikha
Published: November 2023

Drought is currently a serious threat for farming especially in rice cultivation, due to its substantial water requirements throughout its lifecycle. Drought is one of the major environmental constraints disrupting the growth and yield of rice plants, affecting them at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. Global climate change exacerbates this issue, leading to substantial economic losses. As rice is a major food crop worldwide, the demand for rice production is increasing in tandem with the expanding human population. Consequently, it has become imperative to utilize drought-prone areas for agriculture and develop drought-tolerant rice genotypes. In addition to conventional breeding methods, the application of multi-omics approaches proves most effective in meeting the need to enhance drought tolerance in rice plants. Protective mechanisms, such as morphological adaptation, physiological acclimatization, cellular adjustments and antioxidant defense, play pivotal roles in helping plants overcome drought stress. Plant-microbial interactions are important for plants to overcome drought-induced adversities. Furthermore, applications of conventional approaches, omics approaches and nanotechnology are very promising for generating climate smart agriculture. Our aim in this review is to focus on drought stress tolerance in rice including drought-tolerant rice genotypes, their adaptation mechanisms, the unveiling the genes, transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNA) involved, microbial assistance and exploring approaches to mitigate drought stress in rice plants. The present review might throw some light on understanding the mechanism of drought stress tolerance in rice, including its molecular crosstalk and biochemical dynamics, for future researchers.
Sherman v. Department of Public Safety: Institutional Responsibility for Sexual Assault
Authors: Goldberg John C. P. , Zipursky Benjamin C.
Published: November 2023

This article addresses the intersection of three important topics: sexual assault, police misconduct, and employer liability for employee torts. As to the last of these, while there have long been debates among jurists in the U.S. concerning the proper scope of respondeat superior liability, courts have mostly adhered to an approach that focuses on whether the employee acted for the purpose of serving the employer’s interests. The narrowness of this purpose-based test, as compared to available alternatives, makes it imperative for lawyers, judges, and scholars to be attentive to other, less well-known, bases for employer liability. In Sherman v Department of Public Safety, the Delaware Supreme Court applied a particular version of one such doctrine – the “aided-by-agency” doctrine – to hold a police department accountable for its officer’s sexual assault of an arrestee. By articulating this doctrine in a thoughtful and circumscribed manner, the Court affirmed its reputation as a leader in the development of agency law, while also providing a helpful framework that can be applied to hold certain employers liable when employees take advantage of their employment-based authority over their victims to perpetrate assaults.
Introduction to the quantum theory of gauge fields
Authors:   Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gusynin Valery , Gorbar Eduard ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,   Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

Quantum theory of field is a base subject in elementary particle physics and condensing mediums and takes one of the leading places in academic programs of physics faculties in universities. The proposed monograph outlines the gauge fields theory basics, which are the core of modern quantum field theory. The presentation is based on the functional integration method application and introduces the quantization of free fields in the operator approach. The material of the monograph corresponds to a three-semester university course of lectures, and it includes the Standard Model of modern elementary particle physics and several areas of its expansion as well. The book is for senior students, bachelors, masters, and post-graduate students of physical and mathematical specialties, as well as scientists who wish to familiarize themselves with the methods of the modern theory of gauge fields.
Paulo Prado e o conceito de progresso
Authors: Ferreira Clayton José
Published: November 2023

No interior da formatação da experiência moderna criou-se uma violenta ideologia civilizatória eurocêntrica com propósitos universalizantes, ainda que, segundo Elias Palti e Julio Ramos, ela seja resultado da interação e circulação de ideias entre diversas culturas. Das muitas categorias e conceitos importantes nestes processos, o progresso se tornou uma das mais centrais. Abordaremos algumas possibilidades desta categoria através da obra de Koselleck e, em seguida, como ela foi mobilizada por Paulo Prado no início do século XX. Nossa hipótese é a de que Prado entende que a realização de progressos depende de articulações adequadas com o passado colonial brasileiro.
On Neutrosophic Mildly Generalized Regular Star αJ ‐ Closed Sets in Neutrosophic Topological Spaces
Authors: Samukthaa R M
Published: November 2023

The Neutrosophic mildly generalised regular star αJ - closed sets in Neutrosophic topological spaces are a new class of sets that we present in this study (briefly Neu ‐ MGR*αJ- closed sets). Here, we study the concepts and discuss the properties
of Neu ‐ MGR* ‐ αJ ‐ closed sets.
Wholemount Edu Staining (Zebrafish Larvae) v1
Authors: Myllymaki Henna , Elliot Abigail , Feng Yi
Published: November 2023

Methods for evaluating cell proliferation are important for research in the field of developmental biology, cancer biology and cell biology. Recent years, Click-iT EdU Assays by Invitrogen is gaining popularity due to its fast staining speed, mild tissue treatment condition, reproducibility and specificity. However, the standard kit from Invitrogen is designed for tissue cultured cells, hence the manufactory provided protocol is optimized for cells cultured on coverslips. EdU staining became a popular method to evaluate cell proliferation in vivo in zebrafish embryos. However, the protocols that we have tested in the past often yield inconsistent results due to variable EdU incorporation efficiency. Here we describe an EdU staining protocol that we optimized for zebrafish larvae, which incorporated a crucial EdU injection step. Our protocol was used successfully by many new students in training, without any issues.
Sleep-Wake Recording in Dan lab v1
Authors: Huang Xiaolin
Published: November 2023

Surgery and Setups for Recording 24-Hour Natural Sleep/Wake Cycles in Mice.