bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Affects the Relationship between Heart Rate Variability and Arterial Stiffness in a Gender-Specific Manner
Authors: Serra Carla , Sestu Alessandro , Murru Veronica , Greco Giulia , Vacca Matteo , Scuteri Angelo
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Heart rate variability (HRV), i.e., the beat-by-beat fluctuations in heart rate (HR) reflecting the autonomic nervous system balance, is altered in patients with diabetes. This has been associated with arterial aging (stiffer arteries) and differs in men and women. The present study hypothesized that the impact of HRV on arterial aging, indexed as carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), differs in a gender-specific manner and is affected by diabetes mellitus. Method: A total of 422 outpatients (187 women and 235 men) were studied. PWV was measured using the validated SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical). Time-domain and frequency-domain parameters were measured to assess HRV. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 30.8% with a slight, but nonsignificant, greater prevalence in men. Both age and SBP were independent determinants of PWV in each of the four groups (men and women with or without diabetes). Low-frequency activity was inversely correlated with PWV. It was greater in women without diabetes, but it was not significant in men regardless of the presence of diabetes. Conclusions: Beyond age, blood pressure, and diabetes, impaired cardiac autonomic function assessed by determination of HRV was significantly associated with arterial aging. The association between lower sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and stiffer arteries was significant in women, but not in men.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Biomarker for Differential Diagnostics in Nystagmus: Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness Ratio
Authors: Al-Nosairy Khaldoon O. , Quanz Elisabeth V. , Biermann Julia , Hoffmann Michael B.
Published: August 2022

In albinism, with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a thinning of the macular ganglion cell layer was recently reported. As a consequence, the relevant OCT measure, i.e., a reduction of the temporal/nasal ganglion cell layer thickness quotient (GCLTQ), is a strong candidate for a novel biomarker of albinism. However, nystagmus is a common trait in albinism and is known as a potential confound of imaging techniques. Therefore, there is a need to determine the impact of nystagmus without albinism on the GCLTQ. In this bi-center study, the retinal GCLTQ was determined (OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) for healthy controls (n = 5, 10 eyes) vs. participants with nystagmus and albinism (Nalbinism, n = 8, 15 eyes), and with nystagmus of other origins (Nother, n = 11, 17 eyes). Macular OCT with 25 horizontal B scans 20 × 20° with 9 automated real time tracking (ART) frames centered on the retina was obtained for each group. From the sectoral GCLTs of the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) circular thickness maps, i.e., 3 mm and 6 mm ETDRS rings, GCLTQ I and GCLTQ II were determined. Both GCLTQs were reduced in Nalbinism (GCLTQ I and II: 0.78 and 0.77, p < 0.001) compared to Nother (0.91 and 0.93) and healthy controls (0.89 and 0.95). The discrimination of Nalbinism from Nother via GCLTQ I and II had an area under the curve of 80 and 82% with an optimal cutoff point of 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. In conclusion, lower GCLTQ in Nalbinism appears as a distinguished feature in albinism-related nystagmus as opposed to other causes of nystagmus.
Multiparametric Dual-Time-Point [18F]FDG PET/MRI for Lymph Node Staging in Patients with Untreated FIGO I/II Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Weissinger Matthias , Kommoss Stefan , Jacoby Johann , Ursprung Stephan , Seith Ferdinand , Hoffmann Sascha , Nikolaou Konstantin , Brucker Sara Yvonne , La Fougère Christian , Dittmann Helmut
Published: August 2022

[18F]FDG PET/MRI was shown to have limited sensitivity for N-staging in FIGO I/II cervical carcinoma. Therefore, this prospective study aimed to investigate the additional value of multiparametric dual-time-point PET/MRI and to assess potential influencing factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) detection. A total of 63 patients underwent whole-body dual-time-point [18F]FDG PET/MRI 60 + 90 min p.i., and 251 LN were evaluated visually, quantified multiparametrically, and correlated with histology. Grading of the primary tumor (G2/G3) had a significant impact on visual detection (sens: 8.3%/31%). The best single parameter for LNM detection was SUVavg, however, with a significant loss of discriminatory power in G2 vs. G3 tumors (AUC: 0.673/0.901). The independent predictors SUVavg, ∆SUVpeak, LN sphericity, ADC, and histologic grade were included in the logistic-regression-based malignancy score (MS) for multiparametric analysis. Application of MS enhanced AUCs, especially in G2 tumors (AUC: G2:0.769; G3:0.877) and improved the accuracy for single LNM from 34.5% to 55.5% compared with the best univariate parameter SUVavg. Compared with visual analysis, the use of the malignancy score increased the overall sensitivity from 31.0% to 79.3% (Youden optimum) with a moderate decrease in specificity from 98.3% to 75.6%. These findings indicate that multiparametric evaluation of dual-time-point PET/MRI has the potential to improve accuracy compared with visual interpretation and enables sufficient N-staging also in G2 cervical carcinoma.
How Unawareness of Weight Excess Can Increase Cardiovascular Risk?
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Chlabicz Małgorzata , Łapińska Magda , Dubatówka Marlena , Kondraciuk Marcin , Hermanowicz Adam , Kamiński Karol Adam
Published: August 2022

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence in all age groups. Many overweight and obese people seem to be unaware of excess body weight. Aim: Analysis of people affected by the misperception of excess body weight and their eating behaviors simultaneously with selected health parameters. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017–2019 among 658 participants aged 20–79 from the population study—Bialystok PLUS (Poland). Results were based on clinical examinations and questionnaires. Results: Unawareness of overweight and obesity is common among adults (21.7%). Participants unaware of their overweight and obesity presented much higher risk factors. A high cardiovascular risk profile was observed more often among people not aware of overweight and obesity than among normal weight people (23.0% vs. 10.0%) as well as more common asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis (49.7% vs. 31.3%). The subjective perception of overweight and obesity based on BMI (body mass index) was equal to 26.4 kg/m2 in women and 27.9 kg/m2 in men. The assessment of their diet was less favorable than that of people with normal weight. Conclusions: Unawareness of one’s excessive weight and its health consequences may lead to hesitancy to apply a healthy lifestyle and hence increase the cardiovascular risk in a substantial part of society. Therefore, it should be considered a part of the cardiovascular disease risk spectrum. Measurement of BMI and discussion about its health implications should be a routine procedure during healthcare contacts.
Histopathological and Haemogram Features Correlate with Prognosis in Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation without Pathological Complete Response
Authors: Huang Yu-Ming , Hsu Hsi-Hsien , Liu Chien-Kuo , Yang Ching-Kuo , Tsai Po-Li , Tang Tzu-Yin , Hsu Shih-Ming , Chen Yu-Jen
Published: August 2022

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) followed by surgery is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); approximately 80% of patients do not achieve complete response. Identifying prognostic factors predictive of survival in these patients to guide further management is needed. The intratumoural lymphocytic response (ILR), peritumoural lymphocytic reaction (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PtLR) are correlated with the tumour microenvironment and cancer-related systemic inflammation. This study aimed to explore the ability of the ILR, PLR, NLR, and PtLR to predict survival in LARC patients without a complete response to NCRT. Methods: Sixty-nine patients who underwent NCRT and surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The ILR and PLR were assessed in surgical specimens, and the NLR and PtLR were calculated using pre- and post-NCRT blood count data. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses were performed for survival analysis. Results: A high PLR and high post-NCRT NLR and PtLR were significantly associated with better prognosis. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), post-NCRT neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count were significant predictors of overall survival. LVI and the PLR were independent predictors of disease-free survival. Conclusions: NCRT-induced local and systemic immune responses are favourable prognostic predictors in LARC patients without complete response to NCRT.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism Compared to the General Population: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Haba Mihai Ștefan Cristian , Tudorancea Ionuț , Mihai Cosmin Teodor , Onofrei Viviana , Costache Irina Iuliana , Petriș Antoniu Octavian , Șorodoc Laurențiu
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe condition, representing the third most important cardiovascular cause of death after myocardial infarction and stroke. Despite the use of clinical pre-test probability scores, D-dimer measuring, and computer tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), PE diagnosis remains a challenge. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most important member of the neurotrophin family, which has also been shown to be involved in the physiopathology of cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure and myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to assess the BDNF expression in patients with acute PE compared to the general population, and to also investigate its diagnostic and prognostic role. (2) Methods: We conducted a single center prospective study, which included 90 patients with PE and 55 healthy volunteers. Clinical and paraclinical parameters, together with plasma levels of BDNF, were evaluated in all patients after admission. (3) Results: The plasma levels of BDNF were significantly lower in the PE patients compared with the control group (403 vs. 644 pg/mL, p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.806 (95% CI 0.738–0.876, p < 0.001) and a cut-off value of 564 pg/mL, which associated a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 78.2% for PE. Low BDNF levels also correlated with prognostic markers of PE, such as PESI score (p = 0.023), NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), right ventricular diameter (p = 0.029), and tricuspid annular plane systolic elevation (p = 0.016). Moreover, we identified a decreased BDNF expression in patients with high-risk PE (p < 0.01), thrombolytic treatment (p = 0.01), and patients who died within 30 days (p = 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed that plasma BNDF is significantly lower in patients with PE when compared with the general population, and may be considered as a promising biomarker in complementing the current diagnostic tools for PE. Furthermore, low levels of BDNF might also be used to predict a poor outcome of this condition.
Dynamic Behavior of the Net of a Pile–Net-Gapped Enclosure Aquaculture Facility
Authors: Wang Shun , Feng Dejun , Gui Fukun , Xu Zhijing
Published: August 2022

A pile–net enclosure aquaculture facility, deployed in inshore waters, is a sustainable and ecological aquaculture pattern for rearing fish and other aquatic animals of economic value in China. It is essential to study the maximum force on and deformation of the net system of a pile–net enclosure facility to prevent its failure, since successful aquaculture is highly dependent on the longevity of the net system. In this study, a pile-net enclosure aquaculture facility with a gapped pile-net configuration was numerically investigated based on the lumped mass model. A Newton’s second-law-based motion equation was solved using Euler’s method. Finally, MATLAB was used to visualize the results. The results highlight that the force of a net system significantly increases with ocean loads, and the load of the entire net is mainly from the top half of the net. Moreover, the maximum force of the vertical rope occurs at the connection of the top channel steel. The maximum force of the horizontal rope and net twine occur in the rope near the still-water level and at the connection of the top channel steel, respectively. Thus, the net at those positions should be reinforced to prevent its failure.
Phylogenetic Review of Acaulospora (Diversisporales, Glomeromycota) and the Homoplasic Nature of Its Ornamentations
Authors: da Silva Kássia J. G. , Fernandes José A. L. , Magurno Franco , Leandro Larissa B. A. , Goto Bruno T. , Theodoro Raquel C.
Published: August 2022

The genus Acaulospora has undergone many updates since it was first described; however, there are some missing pieces in the phylogenetic relationships among Acaulospora species. The present review aimed to: (i) understand the evolutionary meaning of their different spore wall ornamentations; (ii) define the best molecular marker for phylogenetic inferences, (iii) address some specific issues concerning the polyphyletic nature of Acaulospora lacunosa and Acaulospora scrobiculata, and the inclusion of Kuklospora species; and (iv) update the global geographical distribution of Acaulospora species. As such, the wall ornamentation of previously described Acaulospora species was reviewed and phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS and SSU-ITS-LSU (nrDNA). Moreover, the already available type material of A. sporocarpia was inspected. According to the data obtained, temperate and tropical zones are the richest in Acaulospora species. We also confirmed that A. sporocarpia does not belong to Acaulospora. Furthermore, our phylogeny supported the monophyly of Acaulospora genus, including the Kuklospora species, K. colombiana and K. kentinensis. The nrDNA phylogeny presented the best resolution and revealed the homoplasic nature of many ornamentations in Acaulospora species, pointing out their unfeasible phylogenetic signal. This review reinforces the urgency of more molecular markers, in addition to the nrDNA sequences, for the definition of a multi-locus phylogeny.
Effects of Five Filamentous Fungi Used in Food Processes on In Vitro and In Vivo Gut Inflammation
Authors: Poirier Maxime , Hugot Cindy , Spatz Madeleine , Da Costa Gregory , Lapiere Alexia , Michaudel Chloé , Danne Camille , Martin Valérie , Langella Philippe , Michel Marie-Laure , Sokol Harry , Boyaval Patrick , Richard Mathias L.
Published: August 2022

Food processes use different microorganisms, from bacteria to fungi. Yeast strains have been extensively studied, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, to date, very little is known about the potential beneficial effects of molds on gut health as part of gut microbiota. We undertook a comprehensive characterization of five mold strains, Penicillium camemberti, P. nalgiovense, P. roqueforti, Fusarium domesticum, and Geotrichum candidum used in food processes, on their ability to trigger or protect intestinal inflammation using in vitro human cell models and in vivo susceptibility to sodium dextran sulfate-induced colitis. Comparison of spore adhesion to epithelial cells showed a very wide disparity in results, with F. domesticum and P. roqueforti being the two extremes, with almost no adhesion and 20% adhesion, respectively. Interaction with human immune cells showed mild pro-inflammatory properties of all Penicillium strains and no effect of the others. However, the potential anti-inflammatory abilities detected for G. candidum in vitro were not confirmed in vivo after oral gavage to mice before and during induced colitis. According to the different series of experiments carried out in this study, the impact of the spores of these molds used in food production is limited, with no specific beneficial or harmful effect on the gut.
The Effect of the Major-Grain-Producing-Areas Oriented Policy on Crop Production: Evidence from China
Authors: Hua Wenyuan , Chen Zhihan , Luo Liangguo
Published: August 2022

As a powerful actor in the global food system, China experienced a significant drop in crop production from 1998 to 2003, which posed a substantial threat to national food security and led to the establishment of 13 major grain-producing areas (MGPA). Although some qualitative research has found that the MGPA policy plays an important role in ensuring the national food security, quantitative evidence on the effect of the MGPA policy and its potential mechanism remains scarce. Based on China’s interprovincial panel data from 1998 to 2018, this study used a difference-in-differences (DD) estimation strategy to analyze the treatment effect of the MGPA policy by taking the assignment of 13 MGPA as a quasi-experiment. The results showed that the enforcement of the MGPA policy significantly increased crop production, especially in terms of grain, rice and wheat yields. The average grain yields were raised by 27.5%. The results of the event study analysis showed that the treatment effects were sustainable in the following years of the policy implementation. This study also explored alternative causal channels and found that the MGPA policy raised crop yields mainly by expanding planting areas, improving the level of mechanization and increasing transfer payments. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the MGPA policy in increasing crop production in a developing country setting, which could enlighten policymakers in some less well-developed countries on boosting crop production and maintaining food security.
Investigating the Binding Properties between Strontium and Dissolved Organic Matter under the Influence of pH and Ca2+ in a Typical Karst Area, China
Authors: Yao Xin , Su Chuntian , Fan Tuantuan , Ren Haoyu , Luo Fei
Published: August 2022

Due to the unique hydrogeological environment of karst areas, pollutants are more likely to enter the soil and water, showing a special migration and transformation behavior. In this work, the binding behaviors between strontium (Sr2+) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soil under the influence of pH and Ca2+ in a typical karst area were investigated by applying three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) of synchronous fluorescence spectra (SF). The results show that DOM extracted from soil was dominated by tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials (77% in total). Two-dimensional COS of SF showed that the tryptophan-like substance in DOM extracted from soil preferentially bound to Sr2+. When the pH was 7, the binding coefficient (logKa) of the four DOM components ranged from 2.69 to 4.04, which was more conducive to the binding of DOM extracted from soil and Sr2+ than under acidic and alkaline conditions. Ca2+ in soil weakened the binding of DOM extracted from soil to Sr2+ by competing for binding sites and changing the molecular surface potential. This research is helpful for acknowledging the migration and transformation of Sr2+ and offers a reference for groundwater protection in karst areas.
Ecosystem Service Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis of a Typical Mine–Agriculture–Urban Compound Area in North Shanxi, China
Authors: Wang Shufei , Zhuang Yining , Cao Yingui , Yang Kai
Published: August 2022

The production–life–ecology balance in mine–agriculture–urban compound areas is receiving increasing attention in the context of urbanization and industrialization. This study aims to explore the coordinated development modes of ecosystem services and resident well-being in the Pingshuo open-pit mining area and the surrounding mine–agriculture–urban compound area in Pinglu District, Shuozhou City. Relevant models were used to evaluate the ecosystem service value of water and soil conservation, as well as ecological sensitivity. Additionally, using the hierarchical multiple regression method, we analyzed the responses of soil and water conservation services and ecological sensitivity to different land use patterns. The results showed the following. (1) The water conservation function (WCF) and soil conservation function (SCF) were greatly affected by land use and supplied mostly by the natural habitat, followed by the open-pit coal mining area. (2) Ecological sensitivity was greatly affected by land use patterns, with obvious differences in the same land use types in different spatial locations. (3) In order to enhance the WCF and SCF of the study area and reduce ecological sensitivity, the area and diversity of forest and grassland should be increased, and the area of open-pit mining, cultivated land, and urban land, as well as the land use compound degree, should be reasonably controlled. This study will help guide the regional land use layout and provide countermeasures and suggestions for the management of ecosystems in the mine–agriculture–urban compound area.
Access to Land for Agricultural Entrepreneurial Activities in the Context of Sustainable Food Production in Borgou, according to Land Law in Benin
Authors: Akowedaho Bienvenu Dagoudo , Guinin Asso Inoussa , O’heix Bruno Charles Pierre , Adéchian Soulé Akinhola , Baco Mohamed Nasser
Published: August 2022

Access to land is crucial for food systems to address the challenges caused by habitat and biodiversity loss, land and water degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable food production requires land security upstream for agricultural production. Land security emanates from the land law implemented in-country by government policy. In the span of a decade (2007–2017), three different land reforms have been adopted in Benin. This paper aims to investigate the land rights and land tenure security for sustainable food production according to land law and the factors that influence agricultural entrepreneurial activities in North Benin. The study was carried out in the Borgou department, mainly in five communes that are beneficiaries of the Responsible Land Policy Project of GIZ (Promotion d’une Politique Foncière Responsible: ProPFR/GIZ). A multistage sampling procedure was used to select the agricultural entrepreneur respondents. A total of 102 agriculture entrepreneurs were interviewed in 25 villages. According to land law in Benin, the results highlight the different levels of land tenure security and land rights represented by types of land documents: type contract (use right), certificates of customary ownership (ADC), and land title. The research reveals that 44.3% of the land of agriculture entrepreneurs’ respondents possessed the certificates of customary ownership and 18% possessed the land title. The facilitation of access to legal land documents such as certificates of customary ownership and land titles can protect agricultural entrepreneurship for sustainable food production.
Evaluation of Maximum Entropy (Maxent) Machine Learning Model to Assess Relationships between Climate and Corn Suitability
Authors: Fitzgibbon Abigail , Pisut Dan , Fleisher David
Published: August 2022

Given the impact that climate change is projected to have on agriculture, it is essential to understand the mechanisms and conditions that drive agricultural land suitability. However, existing literature does not provide sufficient guidance on the best modeling methodology to study crop suitability, and there is even less research on how to evaluate the accuracy of such models. Further, studies have yet to demonstrate the use of the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model in predicting presence and yield of large-scale field crops in the United States. In this study, we investigate the application of the Maxent model to predict crop suitability and present novel methods of evaluating its predictive ability. Maxent is a correlative machine learning model often used to predict cropland suitability. In this study, we used Maxent to model land suitability for corn production in the contiguous United States under current bioclimatic conditions. We developed methods for evaluating Maxent’s predictive ability through three comparisons: (i) classification of suitable land units and comparison of results with another similar species distribution model (Random Forest Classification), (ii) comparison of output response curves with existing literature on corn suitability thresholds, and (iii) with correlation of predicted suitability with observed extent and yield. We determined that Maxent was superior to Random Forest, especially in its modeling of areas in which land was likely suitable for corn but was not currently associated with observed corn presence. We also determined that Maxent’s predictions correlated strongly with observed yield statistics and were consistent with existing literature regarding the range of bioclimatic variable values associated with suitable production conditions for corn. We concluded that Maxent was an effective method for modeling current cropland suitability and could be applied to broader issues of agriculture–climate relationships.
Statistical Issues in Serial Killer Nurse Cases
Authors: Gill Richard D. , Fenton Norman , Lagnado David
Published: August 2022

We study statistical aspects of the case of the British nurse Ben Geen, convicted of 2 counts of murder and 15 of grievous bodily harm following events at Horton General Hospital (in the town of Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK) during December 2013–February 2014. We draw attention to parallels with the cases of nurses Lucia de Berk (the Netherlands) and Daniela Poggiali (Italy), in both of which an initial conviction for multiple murders of patients was overturned after the reopening of the case. We pay most attention to the investigative processes by which data, and not just statistical data, is generated; namely, the identification of past cases in which the nurse under suspicion might have been involved. We argue that the investigation and prosecution of such cases are vulnerable to many cognitive biases and errors of reasoning about uncertainty, exacerbated by the fact that fact-finders have to determine not only whether a particular person was guilty of certain crimes, but whether any crimes were committed by anybody at all. The paper includes some new statistical findings on the Ben Geen case and suggests further avenues for investigation. The experiences recounted here have contributed to the writing of the handbook Healthcare Serial Killer or Coincidence? Statistical Issues in Investigation of Suspected Medical Misconduct, Royal Statistical Society, London, 2022.
Reaction Kinetics in the Vermicomposting Process of Peach Waste
Authors: De Medina-Salas Lorena , Castillo-González Eduardo , Giraldi-Díaz Mario Rafael , Blanco-Pérez Berenice
Published: August 2022

Peach is a fruit cultivated in temperate regions and its use generates waste composed of seeds and skin. Inadequate disposal of this waste generates an environmental impact; therefore, an alternative is to apply a vermicomposting degradation process. In this research, these four laboratory-scale reactors were used: RC (no earthworms), R1, R2, and R3 (50 earthworms each) to get mixtures in the following proportions of peach waste and load material (vegetable waste and eggshell): RC (50%-50%), R1 (50%-50%), R2 (60%-40%), and R3 (40%-60%). In addition, during this process, physicochemical parameters were analyzed (temperature, pH, humidity, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N)). For each mixture, the reaction order and rate constants were determined using mathematical models. After analysis of the reaction kinetics, the results showed that zero- and first-order reactions were best suited for the degradation of this waste in the vermicomposting process. The highest rates of degradation in the mixtures were for RC and R1, which means faster completion of the process, and consequently, smaller dimensions of the facilities necessary for vermicomposting. Thus, this research provides important information for the design of reactors that use similar substrates.
Decreased TSPAN14 Expression Contributes to NSCLC Progression
Authors: Jovanović Mirna , Stanković Tijana , Stojković Burić Sonja , Banković Jasna , Dinić Jelena , Ljujić Mila , Pešić Milica , Dragoj Miodrag
Published: August 2022

Tspan14 is a transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin (Tspan) protein family. Different members of the Tspan family can promote or suppress tumor progression. The exact role of Tspan14 in tumor cells is unknown. Earlier, mutational inactivation of the TSPAN14 gene has been proposed to coincide with a low survival rate in NSCLC patients. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of TSPAN14 lack of function with clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients, and to elucidate the role TSPAN14 might have in NSCLC progression. TSPAN14 expression was lower in tumor cells than non-tumor cells in NSCLC patients’ samples. The decreased gene expression was correlated with a low survival rate of patients and was more frequent in patients with aggressive, invasive tumor types. Additionally, the role of decreased TSPAN14 expression in the metastatic potential of cancer cells was confirmed in NSCLC cell lines. The highly invasive NSCLC cell line (NCI-H661) had the lowest TSPAN14 gene and protein expression, whereas the NSCLC cell line with the highest TSPAN14 expression (NCI-H460) had no significant metastatic potential. Finally, silencing of TSPAN14 in these non-metastatic cancer cells caused an increased expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9, followed by an elevated capacity of cancer cells to degrade gelatin. The results of this study propose TSPAN14 expression as an indicator of NSCLC metastatic potential and progression.
Risk Assessment Model-Guided Configuration Optimization for Free-Floating Space Robot Performing Contact Task
Authors: Zhang Long , Wang Shuquan
Published: August 2022

The use of free-floating space robots for contact tasks is very promising in space exploration. However, severe damage or obvious disturbance may occur if inappropriate operation is implemented. In this paper, a novel risk assessment method is first proposed to give a clear description of the risk state before contact happens and provide guidance for configuration optimization to reduce risk on contact tasks. Firstly, the dynamics model of a free-floating space robot is given. On this basis, two important risk assessment indicators, the maximum contact force and the base attitude disturbance caused by contact, are derived. By integrating the risk assessment indicators, a novel risk assessment model is proposed for a free-floating space robot performing a contact task. It is a multidimensional and extensible risk assessment space which could give a clear description of the risk state before contact happens. Thereafter, considering the results given by the risk assessment model, the configuration optimization for a free-floating space robot is implemented based on the design of optimization factor in null space. Finally, numerical simulation for a 7-degree-of-freedom free-floating space robot performing a contact task is carried out, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Is Adnexectomy Mandatory at the Time of Hysterectomy for Uterine Sarcomas? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ronsini Carlo , Foresta Aniello , Giudice Matteo , Reino Antonella , La Verde Marco , della Corte Luigi , Bifulco Giuseppe , Franciscis Pasquale , Cianci Stefano , Capozzi Vito
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives: Uterine sarcomas represents only 3% of all the female genital tract ones. The tumoral stage is the most significant prognostic factor. The role of the bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) in the surgical management of FIGO stage IA and IB appears still controversial. This review aims to investigate the impact of bilateral adnexectomy in the treatment of uterine sarcoma. Methods: Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, and Medscape databases in February 2022. We applied no language or geographical restrictions, but we considered only English studies. We included the studies containing data about Recurrence Rate (RR), Disease-free Survival (DFS), and Overall Survival (OS). We used comparative studies for meta-analysis. Results: Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 2 retrospective observational studies, and 15 retrospective comparative studies, And 14 out of the 15 comparative studies were enrolled in meta-analysis. A total of 3743 patients were analyzed concerning the use of adnexectomy with hysterectomy in patients with uterine sarcoma and compared with those who did not. Meta-analysis highlighted a non-significant worsening of the OS in the BSO group compared to the OP group and showed that adnexectomy does not improve the DFS (BSO OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.81–1.85) p = 0.34; I2 = 24% p = 0.22). Conclusions: Most studies selected for our review showed that adnexectomy does not significantly affect the RR, OS, and PFS in treating FIGO stage I uterine sarcomas. Therefore, even if there is a unanimous consensus about bilateral adnexectomy in menopausal patients, preservation of ovarian tissue may be considered in premenopausal women. Nonetheless, there are not enough cases in the literature to recommend this procedure.
Mesenteric Ischemia in a Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia: Does COVID-19 Play Any Role? A Case Report and Overview of the Literature
Authors: Cotorogea-Simion Mihail , Isac Sebastian , Tita Alina , Toma Letitia , Iliescu Laura Elena , Mercan-Stanciu Adriana , Isac Teodora , Bobirca Anca , Bobirca Florin , Cobilinschi Cristian , Tanasescu Maria Daniela , Droc Gabriela
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare entity with non-specific symptomatology; combined with rare etiologies, it could lead to unwarranted surgical indication. Case report: We report the case of an 85-year-old woman, with a history of hypertension, persistent thrombocytosis, atherosclerosis, and recent minor COVID-19 infection, presenting to the hospital with postprandial abdominal pain and nonspecific clinical examination findings; upon abdominal CT, superior mesenteric artery circumferential thrombosis was revealed. A bone marrow biopsy was performed due to suspected essential thrombocythemia, confirming the diagnosis. An endovascular approach was chosen as therapy option and a stent was placed in the occluded area. Dual antiplatelet and cytoreductive therapies were initiated after the intervention. Clinical course was excellent, with no residual stenosis 1 month after stenting. Conclusions: The therapeutic strategy in elderly patients with exacerbated chronic mesenteric ischemia requires an interdisciplinary approach in solving both the exacerbation and the underlying conditions in order to prevent further thrombotic events. Although the patient presented a thrombotic state, other specific risk factors such as COVID-19 related-coagulopathy and essential thrombocythemia should be considered.
Parametric Studies on Finishing of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy with Al2O3 Magnetic Abrasives Prepared by Combining Plasma Molten Metal Powder with Sprayed Abrasive Powder
Authors: Li Zhihao , Zhao Yugang , Liu Guangxin , Cao Chen , Liu Qian , Zhao Dandan , Zhang Xiajunyu , Zhao Chuang , Yu Hanlin
Published: August 2022

High-performance iron-based Al2O3 magnetic abrasive powder (MAP) prepared by combining plasma molten metal powder with sprayed abrasive powder is used for magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) of AZ31B magnesium alloy to remove surface defects such as creases, cracks, scratches, and pits generated during the manufacturing process of the workpiece, and to reduce surface roughness and improve its wear and corrosion resistance. In order to solve the problem of magnetic abrasive powder splash in the MAF process, the force analysis of the MAP in the processing area is conducted, and a composite magnetic pole processing device was designed and simulated to compare the effects of both devices on MAF, confirming the feasibility of composite magnetic pole grinding. Then, experiments have been designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to investigate the effect of four factors-magnetic pole rotation speed, grinding gap, magnetic pole feed rate, magnetic abrasive filling quantity-on surface roughness and the interactions between them. The minimum surface roughness value that can be obtained is used as the index for parameter optimization, and the optimized parameters are used for experiments, and the results show that the established surface roughness model has good predictive ability.
Chitosan/Gamma-Alumina/Fe3O4@5-FU Nanostructures as Promising Nanocarriers: Physiochemical Characterization and Toxicity Activity
Authors: Ajalli Narges , Pourmadadi Mehrab , Yazdian Fatemeh , Rashedi Hamid , Navaei-Nigjeh Mona , Díez-Pascual Ana M.
Published: August 2022

Today, cancer treatment is an important issue in the medical world due to the challenges and side effects of ongoing treatment procedures. Current methods can be replaced with targeted nano-drug delivery systems to overcome such side effects. In the present work, an intelligent nano-system consisting of Chitosan (Ch)/Gamma alumina (γAl)/Fe3O4 and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized and designed for the first time in order to influence the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line in the treatment of breast cancer. Physico-chemical characterization of the nanocarriers was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis revealed smooth and homogeneous spherical nanoparticles. The high stability of the nanoparticles and their narrow size distribution was confirmed by DLS. The results of the loading study demonstrated that these nano-systems cause controlled, stable, and pH-sensitive release in cancerous environments with an inactive targeting mechanism. Finally, the results of MTT and flow cytometry tests indicated that this nano-system increased the rate of apoptosis induction on cancerous masses and could be an effective alternative to current treatments.
Photon Drag Currents and Terahertz Generation in α-Sn/Ge Quantum Wells
Authors: Zhang Binglei , Luo Yi , Liu Yang , Trukhin Valerii N. , Mustafin Ilia A. , Alekseev Prokhor A. , Borodin Bogdan R. , Eliseev Ilya A. , Alkallas Fatemah H. , Ben Gouider Trabelsi Amira , Kusmartseva Anna , Kusmartsev Fedor V.
Published: August 2022

We have fabricated α-Sn/Ge quantum well heterostructures by sandwiching nano-films of α-Sn between Ge nanolayers. The samples were grown via e-beam deposition and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, temperature dependence of electrical resistivity and THz time-resolved spectroscopy. We have established the presence of α-Sn phase in the polycrystalline layers together with a high electron mobility μ = 2500 ± 100 cm2 V−1 s−1. Here, the temperature behavior of the resistivity in a magnetic field is distinct from the semiconducting films and three-dimensional Dirac semimetals, which is consistent with the presence of linear two-dimensional electronic dispersion arising from the mutually inverted band structure at the α-Sn/Ge interface. As a result, the α-Sn/Ge interfaces of the quantum wells have topologically non-trivial electronic states. From THz time-resolved spectroscopy, we have discovered unusual photocurrent and THz radiation generation. The mechanisms for this process are significantly different from ambipolar diffusion currents that are responsible for THz generation in semiconducting thin films, e.g., Ge. Moreover, the THz generation in α-Sn/Ge quantum wells is almost an order of magnitude greater than that found in Ge. The substantial strength of the THz radiation emission and its polarization dependence may be explained by the photon drag current. The large amplitude of this current is a clear signature of the formation of conducting channels with high electron mobility, which are topologically protected.
Effective Removal of Tetracycline from Water Using Copper Alginate @ Graphene Oxide with In-Situ Grown MOF-525 Composite: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Yanhui , Du Qiuju , Pi Xinxin , Wang Yuqi , Sun Yaohui , Wang Mingzhen , Zhang Yang , Chen Kewei , Zhu Jinke
Published: August 2022

For nanomaterials, such as GO and MOF-525, aggregation is the main reason limiting their adsorption performance. In this research, Alg-Cu@GO@MOF-525 was successfully synthesized by in-situ growth of MOF-525 on Alg-Cu@GO. By dispersing graphene oxide (GO) with copper alginate (Alg-Cu) with three-dimensional structure, MOF-525 was in-situ grown to reduce aggregation. The measured specific surface area of Alg-Cu@GO@MOF-525 was as high as 807.30 m2·g−1, which is very favorable for adsorption. The synthesized material has affinity for a variety of pollutants, and its adsorption performance is significantly enhanced. In particular, tetracycline (TC) was selected as the target pollutant to study the adsorption behavior. The strong acid environment inhibited the adsorption, and the removal percentage reached 96.6% when pH was neutral. Temperature promoted the adsorption process, and 318 K adsorption performance was the best under experimental conditions. Meanwhile, 54.6% of TC could be removed in 38 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 533 mg·g−1, far higher than that of conventional adsorption materials. Kinetics and isotherms analysis show that the adsorption process accords with Sips model and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic study further shows that the chemisorption is spontaneous and exothermic. In addition, pore-filling, complexation, π-π stack, hydrogen bond and chemisorption are considered to be the causes of adsorption.
Solution-Mediated Inversion of SnSe to Sb2Se3 Thin-Films
Authors: Polivtseva Svetlana , Kois Julia , Kruzhilina Tatiana , Kaupmees Reelika , Klopov Mihhail , Molaiyan Palanivel , van Gog Heleen , van Huis Marijn A. , Volobujeva Olga
Published: August 2022

New facile and controllable approaches to fabricating metal chalcogenide thin films with adjustable properties can significantly expand the scope of these materials in numerous optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Most traditional and especially wet-chemical synthetic pathways suffer from a sluggish ability to regulate the composition and have difficulty achieving the high-quality structural properties of the sought-after metal chalcogenides, especially at large 2D length scales. In this effort, and for the first time, we illustrated the fast and complete inversion of continuous SnSe thin-films to Sb2Se3 using a scalable top-down ion-exchange approach. Processing in dense solution systems yielded the formation of Sb2Se3 films with favorable structural characteristics, while oxide phases, which are typically present in most Sb2Se3 films regardless of the synthetic protocols used, were eliminated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on intermediate phases show strong relaxations of the atomic lattice due to the presence of substitutional and vacancy defects, which likely enhances the mobility of cationic species during cation exchange. Our concept can be applied to customize the properties of other metal chalcogenides or manufacture layered structures.
Wireless LC Conformal Temperature Sensor Based on Ag Film (9912-K FL) for Bearing Temperature Measurement
Authors: Li Chen , Feng Qiyun , Hong Yingping , Gao Lixia , Guo Ximing , Xue Wenzhi , Xiong Jijun
Published: August 2022

As the key component of aero-engines and industrial gas turbines, a bearing’s working temperature at high speed is close to 300 ℃. The measurement of an engine bearing’s temperature is of great significance to ensure flight safety. In this study, we present a wireless LC conformal temperature sensor for bearing temperatures, which integrates silver on the bearing surface in situ through a screen-printing process. This process makes Ag film (9912-K FL) firmly adhere to the bearing surface and realizes wireless measurements for bearing temperatures in situ. A high-temperature holding experiment of the prepared sensor was conducted, and the results showed that the sensor can work stably for 10 h at 300 ℃. We tested the designed wireless LC conformal temperature sensor at 20–270 ℃. The results showed that the proposed temperature sensor attained as good accuracy and stability in the temperature range 20–270 ℃. The sensitivity of the temperature measurements was 20.81 KHz/℃  when the bearing rotateds, the maximum repeatability was 0.039%, the maximum uncertainty was 0.081%, and the relative error was stable within  0.08%.
Mechanochemically Scaled-Up Alpha Cyclodextrin Nanosponges: Their Safety and Effectiveness as Ethylene Scavenger
Authors: Rupérez David , Gracia-Vallés Nicolás , Clavero Eva , Silva Filomena , Nerín Cristina
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the development of a greener ethylene removal alternative, the goal of this study was to scale up and ensure the safety of α-cyclodextrin nanosponges (α-CD-NS) for further use as ethylene scavengers. The solvent-free synthesis of α-CD-NS was successfully scaled up using α-cyclodextrin and N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole as cross-linkers (1:4 molar ratio) by means of mechanical alloying using a PM 100 ball mill by focusing on varying the rotation frequency, as determined by FTIR-ATR, X-ray diffraction, and TGA. α-CD-NS washing optimization was performed in water by monitoring the imidazole concentration in the washing solution through the validation of a fast and sensitive HPLC-DAD method. After 6 h at 40 °C, all imidazole was extracted, allowing a faster and less energy-dependent extraction. α-CD-NS absorbent capacity and porosity were also evaluated through BET isotherms and ethylene absorption experiments using α-CD-NS and commercially available absorbents (zeolite and bentonite) were performed by means of gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID). With a 93 µL h−1 kgadsorbent−1 ethylene removal capacity, α-CD-NS revealed the best ethylene scavenging activity when compared to the other absorbents, opening the doors for a safer, innovative, and eco-friendlier ethylene removal active packaging.
Morphology Control of TiO2 Nanorods Using KBr Salt for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 and MoS2/TiO2 Heterostructures
Authors: Thiehmed Zeineb A. , Altahtamouni Talal M.
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of KBr salt on the growth of TiO2 nanorods (NRs) was systematically studied. The addition of KBr with different concentrations provides a controllable growth of TiO2 NRs using hydrothermal method. The results revealed that the presence of KBr molecules affects the growth rate by suppressing the growth in the lateral direction and allowing for axial growth. This results in affecting the morphology by decreasing the diameter of the nanorods, and increasing the free space between them. Enhancing the free spaces between the adjacent nanorods gives rise to remarkable increase in the internal surface area, with more exposure side surface. To obtain benefit from the enlargement in the inner surface area, TiO2 NRs were used for the preparation of MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures. To study the influence of the morphology on their activity, TiO2 NRs samples with different KBr concentrations as well as the MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures were evaluated towards the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dyes.