bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MEMORY ABOUT SOME IMPERIAL FIGURES
Authors: BENOIST STÉPHANE
Published: June 2017

This is a paper about some imperial figures, and mainly the first emperor, Augustus, through the reception of his persona during the first four centuries of the Principate. In three sections, a few aspects of a Roman perception of history are developed through various uses of autobiography, biography, and historical narratives about emperors, from the very beginnings to the reception, from the Antonines to the Theodosians, of model portraits of emperors. The imperial history was made of personal itineraries and biographies, in a ‘republican’ staging: the permanence of a ‘Populus Romanus’ attending, if not participating in, political rituals, the imperial eloquentia frequently celebrated by imperial biographers and used in traditional contiones, the monumental setting of politics — the central function of the forum and many other localities of a city ‘full of memories’. The very inspiring contributions offered by the books and articles Fergus Millar has dedicated to a ‘Greco-Roman’ world considered as widely as possible are used as a guide throughout this essay.
Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Statement on Plagiarism
Authors: Asher Shellie L. , Iserson Kenneth V. , Merck Lisa H. ,   the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Ethics Committee (Aasim I. Padela, MD, MS, Chair)
Published: June 2017

The integrity of the research enterprise is of the utmost importance for the advancement of safe and effective medical practice for patients and for maintaining the public trust in health care. Academic societies and editors of journals are key participants in guarding scientific integrity. Avoiding and preventing plagiarism helps to preserve the scientific integrity of professional presentations and publications. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Ethics Committee discusses current issues in scientific publishing integrity and provides a guideline to avoid plagiarism in SAEM presentations and publications.
Comparison of subconjunctival scarring after microincision vitrectomy surgery using 20‐, 23‐, 25‐ and 27‐gauge systems in rabbits
Authors: Gozawa Makoto , Takamura Yoshihiro , Miyake Seiji , Iwasaki Kentaro , Arimura Shogo , Takihara Yuji , Inatani Masaru
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To compare subconjunctival scarring after vitrectomy in rabbit eyes using different gauge systems by analysing anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) images and histological sections.

Methods

Vitrectomy using 20‐, 23‐, 25‐ and 27‐gauge systems was performed for rabbits. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) images of the incision sites were obtained before and at day 1, 7 and 1 month after surgery. We measured the thickness of conjunctival epithelium, stroma, Tenon's capsule and total conjunctiva of these three layers, then determined the preservation rates of the borderlines between each layer. Surgical invasion was estimated by histological observation.

Results

The thickness of total conjunctiva, or the thickness of both conjunctival stroma and Tenon's capsule in the 20‐gauge group was significantly thicker than that in the 27‐gauge group at day 1 and day 7 after surgery. Preservation rates of the conjunctival stroma/Tenon's capsule borderline were significantly lower in the 20‐gauge group than in the 25‐ and 27‐gauge groups at day 1, day 7 and 1 month. Preservation rates of the Tenon's capsule/sclera borderline were significantly lower in the 20‐gauge group than in the 25‐ and 27‐gauge groups at 1 month. In the 27‐gauge group, the number of α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive fibroblasts was significantly smaller than in the 20‐gauge group at day 7.

Conclusion

Based on the finding of AS‐OCT and histology, micro incision vitreous surgery, especially using 27‐gauge, contributed to less subconjunctival scarring postoperatively. Therefore, the 27‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) may be a more effective technique for preserving the structure of conjunctiva.
Very preterm children with fetal growth restriction demonstrated altered white matter maturation at nine years of age
Authors: Saunavaara Virva , Kallankari Hanna , Parkkola Riitta , Haataja Leena , Olsén Päivi , Hallman Mikko , Kaukola Tuula
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study evaluated the role of preterm birth and fetal growth restriction on white matter maturation in schoolchildren without any severe neurodevelopmental impairment.

Methods

The study group comprised 56 very preterm children and 21 term children born between November 1998 and November 2002 at Oulu University Hospital, Finland. The mean gestational age of the preterm children was 28.7 (24.1–31.9) weeks. All children underwent diffusion tensor imaging at a mean age of 9.0 (8.6–9.6) years. Voxel‐wise statistical analyses of the imaging data were carried out using tract‐based spatial statistics.

Results

Preterm children with fetal growth restriction had lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity than term controls (p < 0.05), bilaterally in several white matter areas. Preterm children without fetal growth restriction had higher mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity than term controls (p < 0.05) in analogous areas, but more asymmetrically.

Conclusion

Preterm children had microstructural differences in white matter, compared to term‐born children at a mean age of nine, and those with poor fetal growth showed widespread changes in white matter maturation compared to term‐born children. Fetal growth and prematurity seemed to affect white matter maturation in a way that was still visible at that age.
Local expert experiences and perceptions of environmentally induced migration from Bangladesh to India
Authors: Stojanov Robert , Boas Ingrid , Kelman Ilan , Duží Barbora
Published: June 2017

This study investigates local expert perceptions of the role of environmental factors, especially in terms of contemporary climate change, in population movements from Bangladesh to India. The aim is to delve into locally held understandings of the phenomenon and to gain a better understanding of these migration processes, which are actively intertwined with local experiences. Both Indian and Bangladeshi experts were interviewed using semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews in order to explore insights from locally held perceptions and understandings of contextual factors. In total, 10 Bangladeshi and 15 Indian experts were interviewed, covering different disciplines, sectors, regions and job types, together providing a more complete and grounded picture of views of environmentally induced migration in Bangladesh and India. The results show that climate change is perceived by local experts as one of the key factors influencing migration in Bangladesh, both internally and externally. The interviewees, however, placed environmentally induced migration in a broader context of labour and economic migration. In particular, migration for environmental reasons in Bangladesh was evident long before the emergence of climate change as an issue. According to the interviewed experts, this does not preclude increased environmentally induced migration within and from Bangladesh in the future, but its analyses ought to be placed in historical and economical contexts.
Suspected Methadone Toxicity: from Hospital to Autopsy Bed
Authors: Gharehdaghi Jaber , Takalloo‐Bakhtiari Asieh , Hassanian‐Moghaddam Hossein , Zamani Nasim , Hedayatshode Mohammad‐Javad
Published: June 2017

High mortality rates have been reported for methadone in both adults and children. We aimed to determine the pattern of toxicity, possible underlying diseases and treatment challenges in patients referred to our centre with early diagnosis of methadone toxicity and who later died. Medical files of all methadone‐poisoned patients who had been admitted to a referral centre of toxicology between March 2011 and March 2016, died during the hospital stay and sent for autopsy to Legal Medicine Organization were retrospectively evaluated. In a total of 94 patients, autopsy findings and laboratory evaluations showed that cause of death was pure methadone toxicity in 57 (60.6%). Other causes of death were ischaemic heart disease in ten, co‐ingestions (toxicities including methadone) in eight, brain haemorrhage, multi‐organ failure and pneumosepsis (each in four), meningitis/encephalitis in three and head trauma and other toxicities (other than methadone but including an opioid, each in two) patients. Time of cardiopulmonary arrest was significantly different between those with pure methadone toxicity and those who died due to other causes (p = 0.01). Patients who had died due to co‐ingestions and other toxicities were younger (p = 0.029) and took more bolus doses of naloxone (p = 0.042). In methadone users, especially in older ages and those with trivial response to naloxone administration, loss of consciousness should not be strictly attributed to methadone toxicity. In such patients, thorough evaluation for other possible causes of loss of consciousness is mandatory.
Commentary: Positive Youth Development Goes Mainstream
Authors: Moore Kristin A.
Published: June 2017

Evidence has accumulated that confirms the success of a positive youth development (PYD) approach. Importantly, a positive development approach is just that—an approach. It is not a particular program or curriculum but a set of practices designed to achieve one or more positive outcomes. As such, PYD practices can be added onto other programs to make positive outcomes more likely. For example, a tutoring program can work hard to hire and train staff to work with students in a trusting, respectful relationship. Camp counselors can be encouraged to build rapport and positive bonds among the campers.
The Longitudinal Associations Among Temperament, Parenting, and Turkish Children's Prosocial Behaviors
Authors: Laible Deborah J. , Kumru Asiye , Carlo Gustavo , Streit Cara , Selcuk Bilge , Sayil Melike
Published: June 2017

In Turkey, responsive behaviors toward kin are expected from children. Despite this, we know little about the factors that influence young Turkish children's prosocial behaviors. The goal was to explore how temperament and parenting are related to children's prosocial development in Turkey. A total of 293 Turkish children (Mage = 49 months; 48.12% females) were followed up for 3 years. Mothers completed measures of their child's prosocial behaviors, as well as measures of their warmth, inductive reasoning, and the child's approach and reactivity. Maternal warmth predicted children's reactivity, and maternal induction predicted children's sociability. Children's reactivity was inversely related to children's helping behavior and sociability was related to more prosocial behavior. Maternal warmth had indirect links with helping through lessening children's reactivity.
Promoting Inclusion Via Cross‐Group Friendship: The Mediating Role of Change in Trust and Sympathy
Authors: Grütter Jeanine , Gasser Luciano , Zuffianò Antonio , Meyer Bertolt
Published: June 2017

To understand the conditions fostering positive outcomes of inclusive schooling, this two‐wave study examined the role of individual change in trust and sympathy for adolescents' cross‐group friendships and inclusive attitudes toward students with low academic achievement. Cross‐group friendships, intergroup trust, intergroup sympathy, and inclusive attitudes were obtained from surveys completed by 1,122 Swiss adolescents (Mage T1 = 11.54 years,Mage T2 = 12.58 years) from 61 school classes. Results from a parallel latent change score model revealed that the number of cross‐group friendships positively related to individual change in trust and sympathy; this growing trust and sympathy in turn predicted adolescents' inclusive attitudes. These findings are discussed regarding theories of intergroup contact and inclusive schooling.
Positional changes of maxillary central incisors following orthodontic treatment using single‐crown implants as fixed reference markers
Authors: Brahem E. B. , Holm B. , Sonnesen L. , Worsaae N. , Gotfredsen K.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

This follow‐up study (1) compares tooth displacement of central incisors in patients with and without pre‐implant orthodontic treatment and (2) investigates whether sex, age, or orthodontic retention have an effect on tooth displacement after the insertion of single‐crown implants.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐seven patients – thirty‐seven with (test group) and twenty without pre‐implant orthodontic treatment (control group) – were rehabilitated with 89 single‐crown implants in the upper maxilla. Clinical and radiographic data, clinical photographs, and dental casts were collected during baseline examinations after prosthetic rehabilitation and at the final follow‐up examination at least 5 years later. A total of 114 dental casts were digitalized and aligned using a software program to measure changes in the positions of the central incisors.

Results

After a follow‐up period of at least five years, 87% of the central incisors measured in the test group were displaced >0.25 mm vertically compared with 70% in the control group. Seventy‐eight percent of the test group teeth had moved >0.25 mm horizontally compared with 55% in the control group. These differences were not significant, and there were no significant correlations with patient age or sex.

Conclusion

The majority of patients had minor vertical (60%) or horizontal (67%) tooth displacement of the central incisors (0.25–0.75 mm) after a minimum follow‐up period of 5 years. This study found no significant differences in tooth displacement comparing patients with and without pre‐implant orthodontic treatment. No significant effect of sex, age, orthodontic retention, or implant location was observed on tooth displacement.
Serum Klotho, vitamin D, and homocysteine in combination predict the outcomes of Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Guo Yue , Zhuang Xiao‐Dong , Xian Wen‐Biao , Wu Ling‐Ling , Huang Ze‐Na , Hu Xun , Zhang Xiang‐Song , Chen Ling , Liao Xin‐Xue
Published: June 2017

Aims

Neuroinflammation contributed to the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We aimed to detect the correlation between inflammatory mediators, such as Klotho (Klt), vitamin D (25(OH)D) and homocysteine (Hcy), and disease severity among MSA patients.

Methods

A total of 53 MSA patients, 65 PD patients, and 62 normal subjects were recruited in our cross‐sectional study. Serum Klotho (Klt), vitamin D (25(OH)D), and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were measured. Several scales were undertaken to assess the motor/nonmotor function and cognitive impairment of MSA.

Results

Decreased Serum Klt and 25(OH)D levels and increased Hcy levels were found in patients with MSA, compared with healthy controls. These results were more pronounced in male patients. The three biomarkers also displayed differences between MSA and PD subgroups based on genders. Interestingly, Klt, 25(OH)D and Hcy levels associated with cognition impairment, motor dysfunction, mood/cardiovascular disorder among MSA patients. In addition, the combination of Klt, 25(OH)D and Hcy had a better diagnostic ability for distinguishing MSA patients from healthy subjects, as well as distinguishing male MSA patients from male PD patients.

Conclusion

This study suggested that Klt, 25(OH)D and Hcy levels could be a potential predictor for MSA severity evaluation.
Assessing prefrontal cortex oxygenation after sport concussion with near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bishop Scott A. , Neary J. Patrick
Published: June 2017

Background

Clinicians typically rely on neuropsychological and balance tests to track concussion recovery. The aforementioned tests imply impairments that are based on performance, but these tests do not directly measure brain physiology throughout concussion recovery. Because of these issues, an objective biomarker that can index severity and the recovery timeline is needed. Moreover, the number of concussions occurring at a recreational level requires the biomarker to be easily administered in a cost effective manner, and the results easily interpreted.

Methods

To address these issues, near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the relative changes in oxy (HbO2)‐ and deoxyhaemoglobin and the associated standard deviations (SD) in the prefrontal cortex. Resting haemoglobin, and haemoglobin changes in response to hypercapnia (five repeated 20s breath holds), was measured in all participants. Data were aggregated into healthy baselines (n = 115), and concussed participants on days 1–3 (n = 14), 4–6 (n = 8), and 7–14 (n = 11). The data were statistically compared using a 1 × 4 ANOVA.

Results

Resting HbO2 values progressively lowered from days 1–3 to 7–14 (with no differences compared to controls). The second major finding showed that hypercapnic HbO2 SD was significantly lower than resting values on days 1–3 and 4–6, but reversed back towards the healthy control group on day 7–14.

Conclusion

Monitoring cerebral oxygenation changes is a viable biomarker to assess the physiological state of the brain following concussion.
Invasive Trichophyton rubrum mimicking blastomycosis in a patient with solid organ transplant
Authors: Talebi‐Liasi Faezeh , Shinohara Michi M.
Published: June 2017

We present a case of tissue invasive Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) histologically mimicking blastomycosis in a patient with kidney transplant on chronic immunosuppression. Invasive dermatophyte infections are rare, and present a diagnostic challenge to the dermatopathologist due to atypical clinical and histopathological presentations.
Genomic analysis of melanoma evolution following a 30‐year disease‐free interval
Authors: Miller Jerry J. , Lofgren Kristopher A. , Hughes Sarah R. , Cash Steven E. , Kenny Paraic A.
Published: June 2017

Ultra‐late melanoma recurrence is infrequent, poorly understood and, in most cases, difficult to unambiguously distinguish from a new primary melanoma. We identified a patient with a second melanoma diagnosed after a 30‐year disease‐free interval, and sought to determine if this new lesion was a recurrence of the original melanoma. Here we report the genomic sequence analysis of the exomes of 2 melanoma lesions isolated from the same individual in 1985 and 2015, and their comparison to each other and to the germline DNA of the patient. Identification of many shared somatic mutations between these lesions proves a lineal relationship spanning 30 years. Unlike prior reports of ultra‐late melanoma recurrence, the availability of the original tumor and the use of comprehensive genomic analysis allowed us to confirm that the second lesion is truly a recurrence. We demonstrate the acquisition of numerous additional mutations during the 3 decade asymptomatic period. These data highlight the low but very long‐lasting risk of recurrence in this patient population.
Cutaneous involvement in luteinized thecomas with sclerosing peritonitis (LTSP)—A new finding in a rare syndrome
Authors: Ho Jonathan D. , Bhawan Jag , O'Brien Michael J. , Goldberg Lynne J.
Published: June 2017

Luteinized thecomas with sclerosing peritonitis (LTSP) is a rare disease characterized by ovarian luteinized thecomas and associated fibrosing peritonitis. Cutaneous involvement has never been reported. We report a case of classical LTSP with skin involvement, outlining the clinical and histopathologic features of this novel presentation of a rare syndrome.
White Collar Crime In Museums
Authors: Cox Steven Peter
Published: June 2017

White Collar Crime (WCC) can be defined as crimes committed by employees against their employers. Little empirical research has been conducted into WCC in the museum sector. The majority of a museums collection is held in back‐of‐house storage facilities with only a relatively small number of objects actually on public display. The true extent of WCC is unknown and it is a difficult area because of its complexity and invisibility. The article gives an overview of white‐collar crime, outlines the characteristics and techniques of this type of crime and seeks to identify the problems of controlling white‐collar crime with particular reference to the UK museum sector.
Is Service Design in Demand?
Authors: Sun Qian , Runcie Carolyn
Published: June 2017

This article reports on an empirical study that investigates the work experience of graduates from a service design program in a leading art and design institution. Drawing on the findings from reviewing 30 online profiles of the graduates and interviewing 12 of them, this article explores the challenges and opportunities for service design as a profession in relation to the current demand in private‐, public‐, and third‐sector organizations. The article concludes that the scope and integrity of service design within organizations depends on the organizational contexts, for example, how service design is perceived and how open the organization is to new ways of working; therefore, it could be said that it is potentially compromised by a lack of frameworks that underpin service design practice. In many ways, service design has become a responsive reformulation of practices from different fields. Although the demand for the service design graduates from this program is high, the continuous development of service design depends on the extent of success of the experiments and implementation achieved by its early adopters.
Unveiling the public procurement market in Brazil: A methodological tool to measure its size and potential
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Garcia , Jr Edmundo Inácio , Rauen André Tortato , Li Yanchao
Published: June 2017

Public procurement plays a key role both in the proper functioning of public administration and in the realization of broader policy objectives. This article aims to present a methodology to assess the Brazilian public procurement market based on government statistics, as well as reflect on the potential of public procurement policy for the development of the country. The article found that public procurement comprised an average of 13.8% of Brazil's gross domestic product during 2006−2012. The Brazilian public procurement market is comparable to that of a typical Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) country. These findings imply great potential for public procurement in Brazil as a policy instrument for promoting the country's development.
Binding of canonical Wnt ligands to their receptor complexes occurs in ordered plasma membrane environments
Authors: Sezgin Erdinc , Azbazdar Yagmur , Ng Xue W. , Teh Cathleen , Simons Kai , Weidinger Gilbert , Wohland Thorsten , Eggeling Christian , Ozhan Gunes
Published: June 2017

While the cytosolic events of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling (canonical Wnt signaling) pathway have been widely studied, only little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in Wnt binding to its receptors at the plasma membrane. Here, we reveal the influence of the immediate plasma membrane environment on the canonical Wnt–receptor interaction. While the receptors are distributed both in ordered and disordered environments, Wnt binding to its receptors selectively occurs in more ordered membrane environments which appear to cointernalize with the Wnt‐receptor complex. Moreover, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is significantly reduced when the membrane order is disturbed by specific inhibitors of certain lipids that prefer to localize at the ordered environments. Similarly, a reduction in Wnt signaling activity is observed in Niemann–Pick Type C disease cells where trafficking of ordered membrane lipid components to the plasma membrane is genetically impaired. We thus conclude that ordered plasma membrane environments are essential for binding of canonical Wnts to their receptor complexes and downstream signaling activity.
Wetland conservation and legal layering: Managing Cambodia's great lake
Authors: Gillespie Josephine
Published: June 2017

A challenge in the implementation of wetlands conservation targets lies in translating principles into practice in an array of different biophysical, social and regulatory settings. The interpretation of global protection objectives can become garbled if the institutional arrangements, particularly the regulatory ones, are ill suited to the task. When decision‐making processes are complex and multi‐layered, the regulatory regime can become ineffectual because it fails to take adequate account of the intricate connections between people, place and law. This dissonance compromises the effectiveness of law as a means of regulating human–environment interactions and may threaten the viability of critical wetlands. This paper draws attention to the need for more in‐depth analysis of the effects of legal layering [following Roth, Boelens, & Zwarteveen, (The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 47, pp. 456–475) and the von Benda‐Beckmann tradition] in conservation and environmental protection practice. Based on field data from the Ramsar listed wetlands of the Tonle Sap lake in central Cambodia, closer analysis of legal layering reveals regulations that appear to perpetuate existing power structures and decision‐making dynamics through a process of bricolage (Rusca, Schwartz, Hadzovic, & Ahlers, , European Journal of Development Research, 27, pp. 777–792). In this context a legal geographical perspective proves a powerful lens to expose the dynamics of environmental use/protection decision‐making.
Migraine Subclassification via a Data‐Driven Automated Approach Using Multimodality Factor Mixture Modeling of Brain Structure Measurements
Authors: Schwedt Todd J. , Si Bing , Li Jing , Wu Teresa , Chong Catherine D.
Published: June 2017

Background

The current subclassification of migraine is according to headache frequency and aura status. The variability in migraine symptoms, disease course, and response to treatment suggest the presence of additional heterogeneity or subclasses within migraine.

Objective

The study objective was to subclassify migraine via a data‐driven approach, identifying latent factors by jointly exploiting multiple sets of brain structural features obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Migraineurs (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 54) had brain MRI measurements of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and volumes for 68 regions. A multimodality factor mixture model was used to subclassify MRIs and to determine the brain structural factors that most contributed to the subclassification. Clinical characteristics of subjects in each subgroup were compared.

Results

Automated MRI classification divided the subjects into two subgroups. Migraineurs in subgroup #1 had more severe allodynia symptoms during migraines (6.1 ± 5.3 vs. 3.6 ± 3.2,P = .03), more years with migraine (19.2 ± 11.3 years vs 13 ± 8.3 years,P = .01), and higher Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores (25 ± 22.9 vs 15.7 ± 12.2,P = .04). There were not differences in headache frequency or migraine aura status between the two subgroups.

Conclusions

Data‐driven subclassification of brain MRIs based upon structural measurements identified two subgroups. Amongst migraineurs, the subgroups differed in allodynia symptom severity, years with migraine, and migraine‐related disability. Since allodynia is associated with this imaging‐based subclassification of migraine and prior publications suggest that allodynia impacts migraine treatment response and disease prognosis, future migraine diagnostic criteria could consider allodynia when defining migraine subgroups.
A better method for assessment of hepatic function in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiofrequency ablation: Usefulness of albumin–bilirubin grade
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kumada Takashi , Hirooka Masashi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Itobayashi Ei , Kariyama Kazuya , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hirofumi , Tada Toshifumi , Toyoda Hidenori , Nouso Kazuhiro , Joko Koji , Kawasaki Hideki , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro ,   On behalf of the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics)
Published: June 2017

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of the newly proposed albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade for therapy selection, clinical features of patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) were elucidated.

Methods

From 2000 to 2015, 1101 patients with HCC (<3 cm, ≤3 tumors) treated with RFA were enrolled, with the following clinical features: 734 men and 367 women; 779 with hepatitis C virus, 153 with hepatitis B virus, 5 with hepatitis C and B, and 164 others; and Child–Pugh classification (CP) A : B ratio of 842:259. Liver damage classification (LD) using the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min and ALBI‐grade were compared in regard to the prognoses of those patients.

Results

Median tumor size was 1.7 cm (interquartile range, 1.4–2.2 cm) and single tumors were found in 802 cases (72.8%) (tumor–node–metastasis stage of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan I : II : III = 536:454:111). In the LD‐A group, the number of cases with ALBI‐grade 1, 2, and 3 were 294, 224, and 1, respectively, while those in the LD‐B group were 47, 490, and 12, respectively. In the LD‐C group, 19 and 14 patients were ALBI‐2 and ‐3, respectively. Akaike Information Criterion values for CP, LD‐grade, and ALBI‐grade were 6015.4, 5988.8, and 5990.7, respectively. However, there was no significant difference regarding prognosis between LD‐A/B (n = 228) and C (n = 31) (median survival time, 4.8 vs. 3.9 years, P = 0.0818) in CP‐B, whereas a significant difference was observed regarding prognosis for ALBI‐1/2 (n = 232) and ALBI‐3 (n = 27) (median survival time, 4.8 vs. 2.7 years, P = 0.0168).

Conclusion

Albumin–bilirubin grade showed an assessment ability similar to that of LD‐grade. Furthermore, there was a small improvement in prognosis following RFA in patients with an ALBI‐grade of 3. Although only two serological parameters, albumin and total bilirubin, are used, assessment with ALBI‐grade may be more useful than with LD‐grade for avoiding a non‐beneficial RFA procedure.
Poly(methacrylate)‐derived diblock dispersant for TiO2 in aqueous suspensions
Authors: Li Chia‐Chen , Chang Shinn‐Jen , Wu Chi‐Wei , Chang Cha‐Wen
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we propose a newly designed dispersant, ammonium poly(methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐phenoxyethyl acrylate) (PMA‐b‐PBEA), and our rheological and zeta potential test results verify its superior dispersion efficiency for aqueous suspensions in comparison to the commercial dispersant ammonium polyacrylate (PAA‐NH4). The extremely high dispersion efficiency of PMA‐b‐PBEA correlates closely to its diblock structure, which simultaneously exhibits a less polar anchoring head group and a water‐dissociable stabilizing moiety. The unique structure of PMA‐b‐PBEA accounts for its high powder adsorption effectiveness, which is demonstrated in its adsorption capability being double that of PAA‐NH4.
How old is the Tasmanian cultural landscape? A test of landscape openness using quantitative land‐cover reconstructions
Authors: Mariani Michela , Connor Simon E. , Fletcher Michael‐S. , Theuerkauf Martin , Kuneš Petr , Jacobsen Geraldine , Saunders Krystyna M. , Zawadzki Atun
Published: June 2017

Aim

To test competing hypotheses about the timing and extent of Holocene landscape opening using pollen‐based quantitative land‐cover estimates.

Location

Dove Lake, Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia.

Methods

Fossil pollen data were incorporated into pollen dispersal models and corrected for differences in pollen productivity among key plant taxa. Mechanistic models (REVEALS—Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) employing different models for pollen dispersal (Gaussian plume and Lagrangian stochastic models) were evaluated and applied in the Southern Hemisphere for the first time.

Results

Validation of the REVEALS model with vegetation cover data suggests an overall better performance of the Lagrangian stochastic model. Regional land‐cover estimates for forest and non‐forest plant taxa show persistent landscape openness throughout the Holocene (average landscape openness ~50%). Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus, an indicator of moorland vegetation, shows higher values during the early Holocene (11.7–9 ka) and declines slightly through the mid‐Holocene (9–4.5 ka) during a phase of partial landscape afforestation. Rain forest cover reduced (from ~40% to ~20%) during the period between 4.2–3.5 ka.

Main conclusions

Pollen percentages severely under‐represent landscape openness in western Tasmania and this bias has fostered an over‐estimation of Holocene forest cover from pollen data. Treeless vegetation dominated Holocene landscapes of the Dove Lake area, allowing us to reject models of landscape evolution that invoke late‐Holocene replacement of a rain forest‐dominated landscape by moorland. Instead, we confirm a model of Late Pleistocene inheritance of open vegetation. Rapid forest decline occurred after c. 4 ka, likely in response to regional moisture decline.
European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): results with the European baseline series, 2013/14
Authors: Uter W. , Amario‐Hita J.C. , Balato A. , Ballmer‐Weber B. , Bauer A. , Belloni Fortina A. , Bircher A. , Chowdhury M.M.U. , Cooper S.M. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Dugonik A. , Gallo R. , Giménez‐Arnau A. , Johansen J.D. , John S.M. , Kieć‐Świerczyńska M. , Kmecl T. , Kręcisz B. , Larese Filon F. , Mahler V. , Pesonen M. , Rustemeyer T. , Sadowska‐Przytocka A. , Sánchez‐Pérez J. , Schliemann S. , Schuttelaar M.L. , Simon D. , Spiewak R. , Valiukevičienė S. , Weisshaar E. , White I.R. , Wilkinson S.M.
Published: June 2017

Background

Contact allergy is a common condition and can severely interfere with daily life or professional activities. Due to changes in exposures, such as introduction of new substances, new products or formulations and regulatory intervention, the spectrum of contact sensitization changes.

Objective

To evaluate the current spectrum of contact allergy to allergens present in the European baseline series (EBS) across Europe.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA,www.essca-dc.org) in consecutively patch‐tested patients, 2013/14, in 46 departments in 12 European countries.

Results

Altogether, 31 689 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to a similar analysis in 2004, the prevalence of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone went up to around 20% in several departments. In comparison, contact allergy to the metals nickel, cobalt and chromium remained largely stable, at 18.1%, 5.9% and 3.2%, respectively, similar to mostly unchanged prevalence with fragrance mix I,IIandMyroxylon pereirae(balsam of Peru) at 7.3%, 3.8% and 5.3%, respectively. In the subgroup of departments diagnosing (mainly) patients with occupational contact dermatitis, the prevalence of work‐related contact allergies such as epoxy resin or rubber additives was found to be increased, compared to general dermatology departments.

Conclusion

Continuous surveillance of contact allergy based on network data offers the identification of time trends or persisting problems, and thus enables focussing in‐depth research (subgroup analyses, exposure analysis) on areas where it is needed.
Effect of shade, opacity and layer thickness on light transmission through a nano‐hybrid dental composite during curing
Authors: Hyun Hong‐Keun , Christoferson Carly K. , Pfeifer Carmem S. , Felix Chris , Ferracane Jack L.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shade and opacity on the change in light transmission through different thicknesses of a nano‐hybrid composite during curing.

Materials and Methods

Twelve different shades of Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer) were placed in disk shaped molds with thickness of 1, 2, and 3 mm (n = 3 per group) and cured with an LED light‐curing unit. Initial, final and average irradiance, and the total amount of energy passing through the specimen were measured using the MARC Resin Calibrator at every 10s for a total of 40s. The translucency parameter and the contrast ratio were obtained using a chromameter. Results were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

All shades and all thicknesses (up to 3 mm) experienced an increase in light transmittance during curing. The majority of the increase occurred during the initial 10s exposure, with significant increase occurring from subsequent exposures only in thicker specimens (i.e., 3 mm). The increase in irradiance at the bottom during curing was dependent on shade, with darker shades and greater depths of material showing less increase.

Conclusions

For one specific resin composite formulation, an increase in translucency occurs as cure progresses, and the increase is enhanced for composites with greater lightness and lower contrast ratio.

Clinical significance

Composites demonstrate increased light transmittance as curing progress, which may improve depth of cure.

The thicker composite showed the least increase in light transmission within the same shade.

The increase in translucency is enhanced for composites with great lightness and lower contrast ratio.
Unconventional role of voltage‐gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1) in regulation of microglial ROS production
Authors: Kawai Takafumi , Okochi Yoshifumi , Ozaki Tomohiko , Imura Yoshio , Koizumi Schuichi , Yamazaki Maya , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Yamashita Toshihide , Okamura Yasushi
Published: June 2017

It has been established that voltage‐gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1), encoded by Hvcn1, support reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytic activities of neutrophils (El Chemaly et al. ) and antibody production in B lymphocytes (Capasso et al. ). VSOP/Hv1 is a potential therapeutic target for brain ischemia, since Hvcn1 deficiency reduces microglial ROS production and protects brain from neuronal damage (Wu et al. ). In the present study, we report that VSOP/Hv1 has paradoxical suppressive role in ROS production in microglia. Extracellular ROS production was lower in neutrophils of Hvcn1−/− mice than WT mice as reported. In contrast, it was drastically enhanced in isolated Hvcn1−/− microglia as compared with cells from WT mice. Actin dynamics was altered in Hvcn1−/− microglia and intracellular distribution of cytosolic NADPH oxidase subunit, p67, was changed. When expression levels of oxidative stress responsive antioxidant genes were compared between WT and Hvcn1−/− in cerebral cortex at different ages of animals, they were slightly decreased in Hvcn1−/− mice at younger stage (1 day, 5 days, 3 weeks old), but drastically increased at aged stage (6 months old), suggesting that the regulation of microglial ROS production by VSOP/Hv1 is age‐dependent. We also performed brain ischemic stroke experiments and found that the neuroprotective effect of VSOP/Hv1deficiency on infarct volume depended on the age of animals. Taken together, regulation of ROS production by VSOP/Hv1 is more complex than previously thought and significance of VSOP/Hv1 in microglial ROS production depends on age.

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Identity Concealment and Chronic Illness: A Strategic Choice
Authors: Cook Jonathan E. , Salter Amber , Stadler Gertraud
Published: June 2017

The research presented here investigates potential psychological and health consequences of concealing a chronic illness. Data were collected from 2,500 individuals living with multiple sclerosis (MS), as part of an ongoing longitudinal research project. Questions on identity concealment and psychosocial reserve (a broad measure of well‐being) were embedded in a semi‐annual national survey. Responses were linked to each participant's concurrent responses to questions about their disability status, and prospectively to the same measure of disability status 1 year later. Just over 16% of respondents indicated that it wasmostly truetovery truethat they actively concealed their MS and most indicated at least some degree of concealment. For people at lower levels of disability, decisions to conceal or disclose were not related to their levels of psychosocial reserve. However, with rising disability, concealment predicted lower levels of psychosocial reserve. Concealment was also associated with improved disability status 1 year later. A mediation analysis suggests that this may be in part because people who concealed were more likely to be employed. Taken together, the current research adds to the evidence that consequences of concealment often may be multifaceted and depend on a variety of moderators, including degree of disability.
Organizational Structures for New Service Development
Authors: Jaakkola Elina , Hallin Anette
Published: June 2017

Although previous research has demonstrated that many critical success factors for new service development (NSD) relate to how the NSD function is organized, few attempts have been made to examine the organizational arrangements for NSD in more detail. This study explores what kind of organization structures firms use for NSD, and what implications such structures have for NSD. To expand the previous research heavily focused on standardized services, a qualitative, in‐depth study of NSD in knowledge‐intensive business service firms was conducted. The study uses a multiple case comparative research strategy where empirical data was collected in nine companies. The study empirically identifies four key organizational arrangements for NSD: NSD in customer relationships, NSD in temporary project teams, NSD in business development units, and NSD in separate R&D units. These arrangements are conceptualized as organization structures characterized by their level and nature of specialization, standardization, formalization, and centralization. The study shows that these key NSD structures can coexist in organizations despite their different and even contradictory characteristics, and highlights the unique opportunities and challenges that each structure brings for NSD. Challenging extant research that has focused on examining particular structural characteristics as success factors for NSD, this study demonstrates that NSD performance may be driven by a configuration of several, simultaneously operating NSD structures rather than by one superior structure. Accordingly, firms should establish organizational approaches that support close connections between different NSD structures.
A by‐product of swine slaughtering as a protein source in broiler diets: effects on performance, composition of excreta, litter quality and on foot pad health
Authors: Kölln M. , Loi‐Brügger A. , Kamphues J.
Published: June 2017

Foot pad dermatitis (FPD) is of great concern in poultry industry, and dietary strategies are needed to improve foot pad health because of animal welfare and economic reasons. As the main factor for the development of FPD is the DM content of litter (consisting mainly of excreta; Kamphues et al., 2011), there are different dietary approaches to influence this disease pattern. In two consecutive trials, a total of 200 broilers were kept from day 7 until the 35th day of life. They were divided into four groups at each trial and fed with one of four experimental diets, based on wheat and corn mainly, but differing in the protein source: Group 1 was fed a diet with soya bean meal (SBM) as the main protein source, whereas Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were assigned to diets with 4, 8 and 12% of a protein‐rich (66.7% CP in DM) by‐product of swine slaughtering [Swine Protein Meal (SPM); in exchange for SBM]. The inclusion of 12% SPM resulted in a decreased dietary potassium content of about 3 g/kg diet (Group 1 vs. 4). Increasing dietary levels of the by‐product (8 and 12%) led to lowered feed intake (Group 1 vs. 4: ~10%) and weight gain (Group 1 vs. Group 4: ~8.5%). Although highest DM contents of excreta and litter were determined in Group 4, foot pad health was not influenced positively as hypothesized. Remarkable was the observed ‘stickiness’ of excreta when the by‐product was included in the diet at increasing levels, presumably due to the high proportion of bones in the by‐product. In conclusion, substituting SBM by 4% of the by‐product of swine slaughtering in broiler diets did not impair performance parameters, but led to the most favourable foot pad scores in this study.
Influence of different protein sources in the broiler diet on the presence of Campylobacter spp. in excreta and caecal content
Authors: Visscher C. F. , Abd El‐Wahab A. , Ahmed M. F. E. , Hankel J. , Taube V. , Kamphues J.
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to examine possible effects of a different protein supply on the presence of Campylobacter in excreta and caecal content of broiler chickens. Therefore, 220 one‐day‐old chickens were fed five different diets in the experimental period (day 8 onwards). In the control group (CON; n = 3 boxes), a soya bean‐based industrially produced complete diet containing 5–10% whole wheat and coccidiostats was fed, whereas in the remaining groups, four own‐made complete diets with four protein sources and combinations (4 × 2 boxes; soya bean meal‐based diet = SBM; rapeseed meal‐containing diet = RSM; haemoglobin meal‐containing diet = HGP; algae‐containing diet = ALG) were offered. During the 6‐week trial period, data concerning performance parameters, excreta and litter characteristics and microbiological analysis of excreta and caecal content at dissection were collected. The qualitative bacteriological investigation was based on the EN ISO 10272‐1:2006, taken from the official collection of analysis methods in accordance with § 64 LFBG. For quantitative bacteriological tests, a 10‐fold dilution series was made followed by culture‐based quantification methods on approved selective media in duplicate. Comparing the results of the final dissection (day 44/45), nearly all samples of animals receiving the own‐made complete diet were Campylobacter positive in the caecal content, whereas only seven of fifteen samples were positive in the CON group. With regard to the CFU in the caecal content, the counts of Campylobacter were significantly lower for animals fed the commercial diet (2.47 ± 3.06 vs. 7.36 ± 0.66 log10 CFU/g). When only the positive animals were evaluated, significant differences were also found between the CON group and the total of the other groups (5.30 ± 2.08 vs. 7.54 ± 1.70 log10 CFU/g). Although significant differences were seen in the results, no final recommendation can be given how to create a diet to reduce an infection with Campylobacter.
Parents’ perceptions during the transition to home for their child with a congenital heart defect: How can we support families of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
Authors: March Sarita
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The aim of the study was to explore the literature related to transitions in healthcare between the hospital and home that caregivers experience with a child who has a congenital heart defect (CHD), specifically related to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).

Design and Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted searching OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed to discover the caregivers’ perceptions on their transitions between hospital care and home care of their child with a CHD. Articles included those with focus on the transitions of caregivers between hospital and home care for children with CHD. Excluded articles were studies focused on adolescents, transition to adult healthcare, mortality results, other diseases associated with CHDs, comparison of CHD treatments, feasibility studies, differences in care between hospitals, home monitoring, and comparison of videoconference and telephone home communication.

Results

Ten articles were selected. Many parents voiced their concerns with feeding their child, learning medical skills and knowledge, reported a disrupted relationship between parents and their child, and identified stress and anxiety associated with taking care of a child with a CHD.

Practice Implications

There were limited studies on caregivers’ transitions with a child with HLHS, but there also was limited focus on the caregivers’ experiences with transitions between hospital and home care for their child with any CHD. Research on the transition experience between hospital care and home care for caregivers of children born with a CHD, and a specific focus on HLHS from the caregivers’ viewpoint, would provide insight into the perspective of caregivers during the numerous transitions.