bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibrational processing of a dynamic structural flight system: A multichannel spectral estimation approach
Authors: Candy J. V. , Case J. E. , Fisher K. A. , Goodrich T. W. , Illingworth B. R. , Craft K. W. , Eves K. L. , Nikfar R. A. , Emmons M. C.
Published: April 2020

Dynamic testing of large flight vehicles (rockets) is not only complex, but also can be very costly. These flights are infrequent and can lead to disastrous effects if something were to fail during the flight. The development of sensors coupled to internal components offers a great challenge in reducing their size, yet still maintaining their precision. Sounding rockets provide both a viable and convenient alternative to the more costly vehicular flights. Some of the major objectives are to test various types of sensors for monitoring components of high interest as well as investigating real-time processing techniques. Signal processing presents an extreme challenge in this noisy multichannel environment. The estimation and tracking of modal frequencies from vibrating structures is an important set of features that can provide information about the components under test; therefore, high resolution multichannel spectral processing is required. The application of both single channel and multichannel techniques capable of producing reliable modal frequency estimates of a vibrating structure from uncertain accelerometer measurements is discussed.
Graphene quantum dots as anti-inflammatory therapy for colitis
Authors: Lee Byung-Chul , Lee Jin Young , Kim Juhee , Yoo Je Min , Kang Insung , Kim Jae-Jun , Shin Nari , Kim Dong Jin , Choi Soon Won , Kim Donghoon , Hong Byung Hee , Kang Kyung-Sun
Published: April 2020

Graphene quantum dots attenuate intestinal inflammation by modulating immune homeostasis.
Phytoplankton pangenome reveals extensive prokaryotic horizontal gene transfer of diverse functions
Authors: Fan Xiao , Qiu Huan , Han Wentao , Wang Yitao , Xu Dong , Zhang Xiaowen , Bhattacharya Debashish , Ye Naihao
Published: April 2020

Bacterial horizontal gene transfer provides functions that help explain the evolutionary success of aquatic primary producers.
Rectification of a large vertical wall surface for flatness
Authors: Garg Sahil , Bajpai Kunwar K. , Misra Sudhir
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the efforts made in rectifying a large prestressed, L-shaped, vertical reaction wall with circular cavities and the lessons learnt. The wall was to be constructed with a certain flatness requirement, which it later turned out was not met. Though various studies have been undertaken in the past describing rectification of horizontal concrete floors, the present study discusses a novel approach to determine the extent of non-compliance and then re-surfacing of the vertical wall to achieve required flatness. The paper discusses in detail the applicability of various instruments like profilometers, water level manometers, and laser-based tools in determining the extent of undulations. It was found that the rotating laser-based tool best served the purpose for defect identification and that placing a layer of micro concrete along with a bonding agent using a novel construction method helped to achieve the desired level of flatness.
Characterization of GaSb thin films with excess Ga grown by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Nishimoto Naoki , Fujihara Junko
Published: April 2020

Understanding the behavior of excess Ga is important for fabrication methods that employ the sputtering of GaSb-based materials. This is due to the comparatively low vapor pressure of Ga, which can result in GaSb becoming Ga-rich under experimental conditions. In this study, the growth and characterization of nonstoichiometric polycrystalline GaSb thin films with excess Ga, grown by RF magnetron sputtering, are reported. Ga content was adjusted by mixing N2in the Ar sputtering gas. The structural properties indicate that the grown thin films maintain the zinc blend structure of GaSb, and have an induced tensile strain along a direction parallel to the substrate. Excess Ga segregates towards the film surface and forms micro/nanoclusters. The internal tensile strain and the Ga cluster formation have little effect on the intrinsic properties of GaSb. These findings could lead to the fabrication of GaSb-based thin films using sputtering with excellent mass productivity.
Introduction to the thematic collection: Exploration Geochemistry at Exploration 17 October 21–25, 2017, Toronto
Authors: de Souza Hugh
Published: April 2020

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/exploration-17
Mechanical Deformation of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells under In-Plane Loads—Part I: Experimental Investigation
Authors: Zhu Juner , Koch Marco Miguel , Lian Junhe , Li Wei , Wierzbicki Tomasz
Published: April 2020

During an accident of an electric vehicle, the battery pack can be damaged by the intrusion of an external object, causing large mechanical deformation of its lithium-ion battery cells, which may result in an electrical short circuit and subsequently the possible thermal runaway, fire, and even explosion. In reality, the external objects can come in different directions, for example, an out-of-plane indentation that perpendicularly punches the large surface of the pouch cell and an in-plane loading that compresses the thin edge of the cell. In this study, the mechanical deformation of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell under in-plane loads is investigated via three different types of tests — in-plane compression of fully constrained cells, in-plane compression of cells sandwiched by foams, and in-plane indentation by a round punch. A special apparatus is designed to apply different boundary conditions on the cell, and the deformation history, especially the formation of the buckles of the cells, are monitored by two digital cameras. Post-testing structural analysis is carried out by a cross-sectional cutting and polishing procedure, which gives clear evidence of buckling of all the component layers.
Microelectrode Studies of S-NDR Copper Electrodeposition: Potentiodynamic and Galvanodynamic Measurements and Simulations
Authors: Braun T. M. , Josell D. , Moffat T. P.
Published: April 2020

Copper electrodeposition from a CuSO4—H2SO4 electrolyte containing a polyether suppressor and (0 to 100) μmol∙L−1 Cl− is examined using a 25 μm diameter microdisk electrode. Optical imaging during cyclic voltammetry and galvanodynamic measurements reveal hysteresis, overpotential inversions, and the morphological evolution accompanying breakdown of the polyether-chloride inhibition layer. Simulations involving co-adsorption of the suppressor-halide adlayer and its subsequent breakdown capture the positive feedback and negative differential resistance (S-NDR) evident in electroanalytical measurements as well as important aspects of electrode shape evolution. The impact of electrode shape change on simulations of electroanalytical experiments is quantified in comparison to a stationary interface approximation. For potentiodynamic conditions, adlayer breakdown propagates rapidly from the center of the microelectrode surface although the final deposit profile is non-uniform due to enhanced transport to the disk perimeter. In contrast, galvanodynamic experiments in more concentrated Cl− solutions reveal spatially selective suppressor breakdown with deposition initially localized to the microelectrode center followed by outward expansion as applied current is increased. The difference between potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic responses reflects the convolution of S-NDR critical behavior with the respective control-loop load lines. Microelectrodes constrain or frustrate the otherwise random bifurcation process giving rise to predictable morphologies unattainable on macroscale electrodes.
The Safety of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Day Surgery Unit Comparing with That in the Inpatient Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xiong Wei , Li Ming , Wang Ming , Zhang Shu , Yang Qin
Published: April 2020

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in the day surgery unit versus those performed in the inpatient unit. Several databases including Ovid Embase, Medline Ovid, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception through February 2019. Our results revealed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be conducted safely and effectively in day surgery units, helping bed shortage.
The Antistaphylococcal Activity of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Gentamicin, and 1,8‐Cineole Alone or in Combination and Their Efficacy through a Rabbit Model of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis
Authors: Hriouech Soukayna , Akhmouch Ahmed A. , Mzabi Aouatef , Chefchaou Hanane , Tanghort Mariam , Oumokhtar Bouchra , Chami Najat , Remmal Adnane
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research paper is to test the antistaphylococcal effect of 1,8‐cineole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), and gentamicin, either separately or in combination against three Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients suffering from osteomyelitis. This activity was tested in vitro by using the microdilution method and the checkerboard assay. The efficacy of these three antibacterial agents was then tested in vivo by using an experimental model of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus osteomyelitis in rabbits. This efficacy was assessed after four days of treatment by counting the number of bacteria in the bone marrow. The obtained results in vitro showed that the combination of the AMC with gentamicin did not induce a synergistic effect, whereas the combination of the two antibiotics with 1,8‐cineole did. This effect is stronger when AMC is combined with 1,8‐cineole as a total synergistic effect was obtained on the three strains used (FIC ≤ 0.5). In vivo, a significant reduction was noted in the number of colonies in the bone marrow when rabbits were treated with AMC associated with either 1,8‐cineole or gentamicin compared to rabbits treated with AMC, gentamicin, or 1,8‐cineole alone. These results demonstrated that 1,8‐cineole showed a synergistic effect in combination with both AMC and gentamicin, which offer possibilities for reducing antibiotic usage. Also, the AMC associated with 1,8‐cineole could be used to treat MRSA osteomyelitis.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Solid Coupling in Surrounding Rock for River Stope Mining
Authors: Yuan Haiping , Chen Chenghao , He Zhongming , Wang Yixian
Published: April 2020

Mining disturbance will induce further weakening of faults and rock bridges, improve rock mass permeability and, in serious cases, conduct surface rivers to cause disasters. A numerical calculation model of river-fault in the mining area is established. Based on the fluid-solid coupling theory of rock mass, the influence of mining disturbance on the development and evolution process of rock bridge rupture and river-fault-stope potential seepage channel is simulated and calculated. Research studies show that under the disturbance of ore body mining, it is possible to form a channel from the river to fault to seepage and drainage in the stope. The disturbance of ore body mining has no great adverse effect on the stability of the rock mass at the top of F2 fault. The rock mass damage caused by mining is only distributed in local areas, and the rock bridge between the river, fault, and stope is not completely connected. The fracture of mining rock mass leads to the increase in permeability of rock mass, and seepage tends to spread in the direction of the fault, but there is no obvious through drainage channel from surface water to the stope. The results of research provide technical guidance for the mine to use the filling mining method after the river does not change the road safety and reliability certification and can also provide reference for similar mines.
Ultimate Stomaless Technique of Two-Stage Operation for Lower Rectal Cancer Performed on a Patient with a High Body Mass Index: The Reborn Operation (Novel Pull-Through Method)
Authors: Nitta Toshikatsu , Tanaka Keitaro , Kataoka Jun , Ohta Masato , Ishii Masatsugu , Ishibashi Takashi , Okuda Junji
Published: April 2020

A 58-year-old Japanese man, with a body mass index of 41.7 kg/m2 (height: 179.8 cm; weight: 133.8 kg), underwent a laparoscopic pull-through procedure with delayed coloanal anastomosis performed in two surgical stages for lower rectal cancer. This method was selected because the volume of the abdominal wall was fairly thick and it would have been impossible to perform diverting ileostomy and colostomy, which are routinely conducted. First, a colonic pull-through segment of about 10 cm was left outside the anal canal without any tension and was fixed by sutures under indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG FI). The second surgical stage was performed 10 days after the first operation under general anesthesia. Final coloanal anastomosis was performed with near-infrared light without diverting the stoma under ICG FI. The patient demonstrated a good postoperative course and was discharged from our hospital in remission 15 days after the latest operation. We could inspect the coloanal flow of the anastomosis under ICG FI before the reconstruction. This procedure was considered to be a standard method, but it was overtaken by new technology, ICG FI. This procedure is an ultimate stomaless surgery for ultralow rectal cancer that can be performed in selected cases, such as in patients with a high body mass index and with hope for stomaless operation.
Effectiveness of Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy on Hand Function among Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alahmari Khalid , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Sangadala Devika Rani , Mukherjee Debjani , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar
Published: April 2020

Background: Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) has been shown to be an effective method for improving upper-extremity function. However, owing to ambiguity within the evidence of HABIT’s effects on hand function among children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP), this meta-analysis sought to elucidate whether the same was true in this patient population. Summary: A computerized database search yielded 468 studies. After meticulous scrutiny and screening of these studies according to the selection criteria, 4 full-text articles were included in the meta-analysis. All 4 studies underwent a methodological quality assessment according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro), with a score of greater than 8. Five comparisons were then made involving the 4 selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The effect size was measured using the correlation coefficient (r value). The effect sizes of the individual studies were 0.006, 0.03, 0.04, 0.22, and 0.15. The total effect size was 0.06. Key Message: This meta-analysis determined that there is a trivial benefit using HABIT when compared to constraint-induced movement therapy or structured and unstructured bimanual therapy in pediatric patients with unilateral spastic CP. More RCTs are needed to substantiate our evidence.
A Rare Complication of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Acute Appendicitis Treated Conservatively – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al Hamdani Sarmad Farook , Salman Alaa Haitham
Published: April 2020

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood. It is a self-limiting disorder of unknown autoimmune origin. It affects multiple organ systems including the skin, joints, the gastrointestinal (GI) system, and the kidneys. GI symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, GI bleeding and intussusception. Acute appendicitis is an extremely rare complication of HSP. When it does occur, physicians seem to rush for surgical management. However, we suggest that conservative management should be the first approach to treatment, but great caution has to be paid to the small, yet possible risk of perforation of the appendix. Here, we present a case of an 8-year-old girl, who was admitted and diagnosed with HSP. On the second day of admission, the patient developed right iliac fossa pain and tenderness, as well as seven episodes of vomiting. She was diagnosed clinically with acute appendicitis which was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. The patient was treated successfully with conservative management without any complication.
A crítica engajada de Paulo Emílio
Authors: Cardoso Mauricio , Saraiva Leandro Rocha
Published: April 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise dos debates em torno da noção de subdesenvolvimento no campo cultural brasileiro, nos anos 1960 e 1970, a partir do ensaio de Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, “Cinema: trajetória no subdesenvolvimento” (1973). O cotejamento com artigos de Glauber Rocha (1965), Antonio Candido (1973) e Ferreira Gullar (1969) indica diferenças fundamentais no tratamento do problema. Enquanto Paulo Emílio via o subdesenvolvimento como estrutura a ser superada pelo campo cinematográfico, os demais autores recorriam ao conceito para expressar as precariedades estéticas da produção cultural do país.
Os “rolês” do movimento negro brasileiro na atualidade, nas “pegadas” da educação
Authors: Pereira Amilcar Araujo , Maia Jorge Lucas , Lima Thayara Cristine Silva de
Published: April 2020

Este artigo é um dos resultados da pesquisa “Movimento negro na atualidade”. A partir de metodologia combinada, com a análise de formulários on-line e de entrevistas de história oral, tivemos acesso a 261 militantes antirracistas de todo o país, dos quais entrevistamos 10%, em sete estados, distribuídos entre as cinco diferentes regiões do Brasil. O objetivo é apresentar algumas das principais características do movimento negro brasileiro na atualidade e algumas das principais estratégias, frentes de atuação, demandas e referenciais adotados por esse movimento social, no esforço de compreender de que maneira seus militantes têm construído a luta antirracista nos mais diversos campos, especialmente na área da educação.
Aspectos do folclore brasileiro
Authors: Menezes Roniere
Published: April 2020

Aspectos do folclore brasileiro configura-se importante produção de Mário de Andrade e contribui para uma melhor avaliação a respeito da obra do escritor. O livro traz textos inéditos e contém reflexões sobre a memória cultural e os costumes do povo. Os temas centrais são a cultura popular e a questão negra. Os textos demonstram a preocupação do modernista com métodos de pesquisa mais criteriosos. A publicação marca-se pela noção de contemporaneidade pois as linhas argumentativas apresentam fortes diálogos com debates da atualidade.
A Batalha pela memória: o papel dos anarquistas nas Revoluções Russa e Ucraniana
Authors: Paulino Davi Luiz
Published: April 2020

A presente resenha tem por objetivo abordar a obra Os Anarquistas Russos, os Sovietes e a Revolução de 1917, de Alexandre Skirda, propondo inseri-la no debate historiográfico acerca das Revoluções Russa e Ucraniana e tratando, principalmente, do papel desempenhado pelos anarquistas e suas referidas organizações. Partindo disso, o autor analisará temas como o desenvolvimento das comunidades camponesas russas sob o regime czarista, a constituição do pensamento anarquista e a referida atuação dos libertários durante as revoluções. O livro de Skirda dialoga com a historiografia tradicional sobre a Revolução Russa, propondo um novo olhar para atuação dos diversos grupos que participaram desse processo e amparando-se metodologicamente, a nosso ver, na concepção braudeliana de História, preocupada em compreender o impacto das estruturas de longa duração no contexto revolucionário, ao mesmo tempo em que aborda a ação dos trabalhadores e camponeses.
O Coração das Trevas
Authors: Moratelli Luísa Pussieldi
Published: April 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é explicitar as relações entre a obra O coração das trevas, escrito por Joseph Conrad e publicado em formato de livro em 1902, com o contexto histórico do Imperialismo, bem como a crítica realizada por Conrad a este contexto. Dessa forma, serão discutidas as relações raciais entre colonizador e colonizado, as representações de europeus e africanos e as noções de alteridade presentes no livro. Para isso, em um primeiro momento será apresentado um breve resumo do romance, bem como de seu autor, para depois partir para a discussão acerca do fenômeno imperialista do final do século XIX e início do XX, que concerne tanto ao contexto de publicação de O Coração das Trevas quanto ao próprio enredo do romance. A partir disso, será aprofundada a crítica realizada por Conrad às práticas imperialistas e de que maneira ela pode ser enquadrada no pensamento crítico romântico. Por fim, tendo como base textos de autores africanos, será apresentada a crítica pós-colonial feita à obra, colocando autor e obra em seu contexto e apresentando o alcance e limites da crítica de Conrad. A análise da obra em conjunto com a bibliografia sobre o tema permitirá demonstrar que: a) é possível enquadrar a obra e a crítica de Joseph Conrad ao Imperialismo no Romantismo Resignado, conforme a definição de Lowy e Saire; b) essa crítica realizada por Conrad chega apenas até certo ponto, qual seja, a exploração colonial em si, mas não alcança as questões raciais, intrínsecas ao Imperialismo.
Association of Isolated Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction With Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Aggregate Data
Authors: Gdowski Mark A. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Doering Michelle , Monroy‐Gonzalez Andrea G. , Slart Riemer , Brown David L.
Published: April 2020

Background

The impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction (
CMD
), as diagnosed by reduced coronary flow reserve, on the outcomes of patients with symptoms of myocardial ischemia and nonobstructive coronary artery disease is poorly understood. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies to determine the association of
CMD
with outcomes.

Methods and Results

We searched online databases for studies where coronary flow reserve was measured invasively or noninvasively, clinical events were recorded after determination of coronary flow reserve, and the frequency of those events was reported for patients with and without
CMD
. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The secondary outcome was major adverse cardiac events, including cardiac or cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiac hospitalization, or coronary revascularization. Estimates of effect were calculated from crude event rates with a random‐effects model. There were 122 deaths in the 4661 patients without
CMD
(2.6%) and 183 deaths in the 1970 patients with
CMD
(9.3%). The odds ratio for mortality in patients with
CMD
compared with those without
CMD
was 3.93 (95%
CI
, 2.91–5.30;
P
<0.001). There were 167 major adverse cardiac events in the 3742 patients without
CMD
(4.5%) and 245 events in the 1447 patients with
CMD
(16.9%). The odds ratio for major adverse cardiac events in patients with
CMD
compared with those without
CMD
was 5.16 (95%
CI
, 2.81–9.47;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

CMD
is associated with a nearly 4‐fold increase in mortality and a 5‐fold increase in major adverse cardiac events. Future studies are needed to identify effective strategies to diagnose and treat
CMD
.
Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Georgia: Legislation and State Policy
Authors: Chitanava Ekaterine , Gavtadze Mariam
Published: April 2020

This article demonstrates legal and non-legal limitations of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in Georgia, characterized by an absence of relevant case law of common courts about restrictions to FoRB with legitimate aims. Instead, the State is using various instruments for interference, such as administrative barriers and artificial obstacles for religious communities. In certain occasions, its policy and practice do not comply with the constitutional principles and international human rights commitments of the country. The State’s preferential treatment of the dominant and influential religious institution, the Georgian Orthodox Church, ostracises other religious communities. This is further aggravated by the attempts of securitising and weaponising FoRB.
Opinion on Current Use of Non-Blinded Versus Blinded Histopathologic Evaluation in Animal Toxicity Studies
Authors: Bolon Brad , Caverly Rae Jessica M. , Colman Karyn , Francke Sabine , Jensen Karl , Keane Kevin , McInnes Elizabeth F. , Nakano-Ito Kyoko , Perry Rick , Polack Evelyne , Regan Karen S. , Romeike Annette , Young Jamie K. , Galbreath Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2020

The Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) explored current institutional practices for selecting between non-blinded versus blinded histopathologic evaluation during Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant, regulatory-type animal toxicity studies using a multi-question survey and STP-wide discussion (held at the 2019 STP annual meeting). Survey responses were received from 107 individuals representing 83 institutions that collectively employ 589 toxicologic pathologists. Most responses came from industry (N = 46, mainly biopharmaceutical or contract research organizations) and consultants (N = 24). For GLP-compliant animal toxicity studies, histopathologic evaluation usually involves initial (primary) non-blinded analysis, with post hoc informal blinded re-examination at the study pathologist’s discretion to confirm subtle findings or establish thresholds. Initial blinded histopathologic evaluation sometimes is chosen by study pathologists to test formal hypotheses and/or by sponsors to address non-pathologist expectations about histopathology data objectivity. Current practice is that a blinded histopathologic evaluation is documented only if formal blinding (ie, using slides with coded labels) is employed, using simple statements without detailed methodology in the study protocol (or an amendment) and/or pathology report. Blinding is not an appropriate strategy for the initial histopathologic evaluation performed during pathology peer reviews of GLP-compliant animal toxicity studies.

[Box: see text]
Incentivized for Leveling the Playing Field: Do State Economic Incentives Compensate for High Taxes?
Authors: Cheng Shaoming , Guo Hai (David) , Liu Cathy Yang
Published: April 2020

State tax and nontax incentives have been widespread in the United States, though their efficacy in job creation and economic development has been repeatedly questioned in the literature by scholars and policy makers. Why, then, do states persistently pursue these incentive policies? Using the newly developed Panel Database on Incentives and Taxes, we adopt a dynamic spatial Durbin panel model to account for both temporal and spatial dependence and to shed light on this question. Empirical evidence suggests a statistically significant and positive relationship between tax credits and tax burdens (i.e., elevated tax breaks are used to offset higher tax differentials). States therefore may seek to create a level playing field in business attraction and retention by overcoming tax disadvantages. Besides, high-serial dependence is present in the use of various tax credits, suggesting a high self-perpetuating tendency that tax breaks, once introduced, are likely to be persistent over time. States are also found to be engaged both in spatial competition or imitation among geographically proximate states, and in strategic benchmarking among states that are geographically distant but economically alike.
Occupations and the Non-Standard Employment Career: How the Occupational Skill Level and Task Types Influence the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment
Authors: Mattijssen Lucille , Pavlopoulos Dimitris , Smits Wendy
Published: April 2020

This article examines to what extent the occupational skill level and task types determine whether non-standard employment (NSE) leads to a stepping-stone or a trap in the careers of workers. For this purpose, a typology of the individual careers of workers in the Netherlands who entered non-standard employment in 2007 is created using multichannel sequence analysis. This typology allows for classifying careers in terms of employment security and income security. An analysis of this typology shows that working in occupations with high-level tasks does not preclude trap careers with low levels of employment and income security. Routine tasks do not have an unequivocal effect on career outcomes, while manual tasks generally lead to trap careers. The combination of routine and manual tasks makes it most likely for NSE to function as a trap in workers’ careers.
Modeling and experimentation of creep-fatigue and failure of low-profile quad flat package under thermal cycle
Authors: Halouani Ayda , Cherouat Abel , Miladi Chaabane Mariem , Haddar Mohamed
Published: April 2020

An experimental investigation and numerical modeling using multiphysics finite element method were performed to study the thermal failure mechanism of low-profile quad flat package solder joints of memory module due to low-cycle fatigue. The strain, stress, and number of cycles to failure have been calculated according to a strain life Coffin–Manson and energy-based Morrow fatigue models. Scanning electron microscopy imaging at the end of thermal cycle was used to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation. The effect of the solder volume on fatigue life of solder joints was discussed. Through analyses of theoretical results and experimental data on fatigue life, cracks initiation and propagation have been highlighted and their possible causes have been discussed.
Tribomechanical performance of MgO–ZnO nanoparticles as lubricating additives in the microextrusion process
Authors: Srinivasan N , Rajenthirakumar D , Sridhar R , Amutha P
Published: April 2020

The interfacial friction between tool and workpiece is unpredictable in the micromanufacturing process. It has a major influence on process workability, which determines product formability. In this study, the microtribological behavior of MgO–ZnO mixed metal oxide nanoadditive lubricant with dry friction is investigated in the microextrusion process. In the microextrusion of aluminum 6063 gear, the extrusion force reduced significantly upon using the nanoadditive lubricant. The surface roughness result shows the improved surface quality due to the existence of nanoadditives in the micromanufacturing process. The quantitative deviation due to interfacial friction is resolved with different coefficients by performing the numerical evaluation. This research contributes to the fundamental understanding about the tribological and mechanical behavior of nanoadditive lubricant in the microextrusion process and facilitates in minimizing the interfacial friction.
Progress in polymer nanocomposites for bone regeneration and engineering
Authors: Idumah Christopher Igwe
Published: April 2020

The ultimate aim of tissue engineering entails fabrication of functional replacements for damaged organs or tissues. Scaffolds facilitate the proliferation of cells, while also improving their various functions. Scaffolds are 3-D structures capable of imitating mechanical and bioactive behaviors of tissues extracellular matrix, which provides enabling environment for cellular bonding, proliferation, and distinction. Hence, scaffolds are often applied in tissue engineering with the aim of facilitating damaged tissue regeneration which is a very important aspect of bone repair. Polymers are broadly utilized in tissue engineering due to their inherent versatility. However, polymers cannot attain mechanical behavior comparable to the bone. Thus, polymer nanocomposites fabricated through inclusion of fibers/or uniformly distributed ceramic/metallic nanoparticles in the matrix are potential materials for bone scaffold fabrication because inclusion of fiber or nanoparticles enhances composites mechanical behavior, while also improving other properties. Hence, this article elucidates recent trailblazing studies in polymer fiber composites and nanocomposites applied in the medical field especially in tissue engineering and bone regeneration. Also insights into market prospects and forecasts are presented.
Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol/modified starch-based biodegradable nanocomposite films reinforced with starch nanocrystals for packaging applications
Authors: Mittal Aanchal , Garg Sangeeta , Premi Anshuman , Giri Ardhendu Sekhar
Published: April 2020

In the present work, corn starch was grafted with oleic acid in the presence of redox initiators. Starch nanocrystals (SNCs) were synthesized using acid hydrolysis method and nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporation of SNCs into polyvinyl alcohol/starch (PVA/S) and PVA/grafted starch (PVA/GS) matrix, separately. It was observed that SNCs exhibited a platelet-like shape and in the size range of 200 nm. The increased crystallinity of SNCs indicated the removal of the amorphous and waxy region after acid hydrolysis of starch. Scanning electron micrographs of nanocomposite films showed good dispersion of SNCs within the PVA/GS matrix compared to the PVA/S matrix. The tensile strength of the nanocomposite films increased significantly with the reinforcement of SNCs into PVA/S matrix. Water uptake (%) of PVA/GS nanocomposite film decreased by 38.25% compared to the PVA/S nanocomposite film. Reinforcement of SNCs with PVA/S matrix improved the biodegradability of the films and was higher than PVA/S film. PVA/S nanocomposite film showed 32.4% weight loss after 120 days of soil burial degradation test. Thus, the obtained nanocomposite films can provide a potential alternative to the synthetic and nondegradable packaging films used worldwide.
Sport Tourists’ Preferred Event Attributes and Motives: A Case of Sepak Takraw, Malaysia
Authors: Zarei Azadeh , Ramkissoon Haywantee
Published: April 2020

This study investigates differences in motives, event attributes, and information sources, which influenced sport tourists’ decision and attendance at the Sepak Takraw event in Malaysia. Data were collected from 224 domestic sports tourists and 92 foreign sports tourists. Findings show that domestic and foreign sports tourists significantly differed in their motives and preferred event attributes. Domestic sports tourists indicate using mass communication items in their decision making to attend the event. Social networking was the most important information source for foreign sports tourists. Practical implications for local sports tourism marketers within small-scale sports events in Malaysia are discussed.
One-year outcomes of the Polish treatment program for the wet form of age-related macular degeneration using intravitreal therapy
Authors: Figurska Małgorzata , Matysik-Wożniak Anna , Adamiec-Mroczek Joanna , Dolar-Szczasny Joanna , Misiuk-Hojło Marta , Teper Sławomir , Święch-Zubilewicz Anna , Ulińska Magdalena , Rejdak Robert , Rękas Marek
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To report 12-month outcomes of a Polish National Treatment Program using aflibercept and ranibizumab in eyes with wet, age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice.

Material and Methods:

This was a non-randomized, retrospective, observational multicenter study. Anonymous data contained in the electronic Therapeutic Program Monitoring System were utilized in this study.

Results:

The study population consisted of 2828 eyes from 2718 patients. The median age was 76.0 [70.0, 81.0] years; 61.7% were female. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 58.86 [50.05, 69.95] letters to 65.1 [50.1, 73.9] letters (p < 0.001). The median change in best corrected visual acuity was 0.0 [−4.0, 12.2] letters: 2.9 [−2.9, 15.1] letters for treatment-naïve eyes and 0.0 [−4.0, 8.8] letters for those continuing treatment (p < 0.001). The median central retinal thickness was significantly reduced from 341.0 [281.0, 422.0] to 275.0 [221.0, 344.0] μm (p < 0.001). The median number of visits was 9.0 [8.0, 9.0]. The median number of injections was 7.0 [6.0, 8.0]: 8.0 [7.0, 8.0] for treatment-naïve eyes and 6.0 [5.0, 7.0] for those continuing treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Eyes treated as part of the Polish therapeutic program gained functional stability and morphological improvement. Treatment-naïve eyes showed the greatest functional benefit.
Heavy load characteristics of micro-beveled heavy-duty hydrostatic bearing lubricant oil film
Authors: Yanqin Zhang , Yi Luo , Shiqian Ni , Zhiquan Zhang
Published: April 2020

This paper is based on the new Q1-205 micro-beveled double rectangular cavity heavy hydrostatic thrust bearing. According to the hydrostatic and dynamic pressure lubrication theory, the mathematical model of the dynamic and static bearing capacity of micro-beveled oil film is established under the conditions of considering the bearing oil supply system and the actual structural of the oil pad. Based on the finite volume method, the lubricating performance of the oil film is numerically simulated under heavy load of 10t, 15t, 20t, 25t and 30t, and the comprehensive influence law of oil cavity pressure, fluid velocity, vorticity and flow rate is revealed under the influence of extreme working conditions such as heavy load. Finally, the oil film pressure field affected by heavy load is tested under certain wedge parameters and rotational speed and verifies the theoretical analysis and simulation. It is found that the experimental and theoretical result of bearing is consistent with each other under heavy load. The dynamic pressure compensation effect of the bearing is better under the wedge oil pad condition. However, under heavy load, the extrusion and heating of lubricating oil are serious, which make the viscosity of lubricating oil drops sharply. In addition, the dynamic pressure effect of wedge oil pad is less affected by load. The compensation effect decreases slightly with the increase of load. The dynamic pressure compensation range of the bearing is 30%–10% under heavy load.
Leaky Blood–Brain Barrier: A Double Whammy for the Brain
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: April 2020

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Machine Learning and Psychological Research: The Unexplored Effect of Measurement
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , Grimm Kevin J.
Published: April 2020

Machine learning (i.e., data mining, artificial intelligence, big data) has been increasingly applied in psychological science. Although some areas of research have benefited tremendously from a new set of statistical tools, most often in the use of biological or genetic variables, the hype has not been substantiated in more traditional areas of research. We argue that this phenomenon results from measurement errors that prevent machine-learning algorithms from accurately modeling nonlinear relationships, if indeed they exist. This shortcoming is showcased across a set of simulated examples, demonstrating that model selection between a machine-learning algorithm and regression depends on the measurement quality, regardless of sample size. We conclude with a set of recommendations and a discussion of ways to better integrate machine learning with statistics as traditionally practiced in psychological science.
Non-invasive estimation of stroke volume during exercise from oxygen in heart failure patients
Authors: Accalai Emanuele , Vignati Carlo , Salvioni Elisabetta , Pezzuto Beatrice , Contini Mauro , Cadeddu Christian , Meloni Luigi , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: April 2020

Aims

In heart failure, oxygen uptake and cardiac output measurements at peak and during exercise are important in defining heart failure severity and prognosis. Several cardiopulmonary exercise test-derived parameters have been proposed to estimate stroke volume during exercise, including the oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake/heart rate). Data comparing measured stroke volume and the oxygen pulse or stroke volume estimates from the oxygen pulse at different stages of exercise in a sizeable population of healthy individuals and heart failure patients are lacking.

Methods

We analysed 1007 subjects, including 500 healthy and 507 heart failure patients, who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with stroke volume determination by the inert gas rebreathing technique. Stroke volume measurements were made at rest, submaximal (∼50% of exercise) and peak exercise. At each stage of exercise, stroke volume estimates were obtained considering measured haemoglobin at rest, predicted exercise-induced haemoconcentration and peripheral oxygen extraction according to heart failure severity.

Results

A strong relationship between oxygen pulse and measured stroke volume was observed in healthy and heart failure subjects at submaximal (R2 = 0.6437 and R2 = 0.6723, respectively), and peak exercise (R2 = 0.6614 and R2 = 0.5662) but not at rest. In healthy and heart failure subjects, agreement between estimated and measured stroke volume was observed at submaximal (–3 ± 37 and –11 ± 72 ml, respectively) and peak exercise (1 ± 31 and 6 ± 29 ml, respectively) but not at rest.

Conclusion

In heart failure patients, stroke volume estimation and oxygen pulse during exercise represent stroke volume, albeit with a relevant individual data dispersion so that both can be used for population studies but cannot be reliably applied to a single subject. Accordingly, whenever needed stroke volume must be measured directly.
Evaluation of Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity as predictors of mortality in elderly neck of femur fracture patients
Authors: Nelson Michael James , Scott Justin , Sivalingam Palvannan
Published: April 2020

Background:

This study evaluated the use of several risk prediction models in estimating short- and long-term mortality following hip fracture in an Australian population.

Methods:

Data from 195 patients were retrospectively analysed and applied to three models of interest: the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity. The performance of these models was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve as well as logistic regression modelling.

Results:

The median age of participants was 83 years and 69% were women. Ten percent of patients were deceased by 30 days, 25% at 6 months and 31% at 12 months post-operatively. While there was no statistically significant difference between the models, the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for within 30 day and 12 month mortality, while the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score was largest for 6-month mortality. There was no evidence to suggest that the models were selecting a specific subgroup of our population, therefore, no indication was present to suggest that using multiple models would improve mortality prediction.

Conclusions:

While there was no statistically significant difference in mortality prediction, the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score is perhaps the best suited clinically, due to its ease of implementation. Larger prospective data collection across a variety of sites and its role in guiding clinical management remains an area of interest.
Granulocytic/myeloid sarcoma with trisomy 21 presented as an epididymal tumor: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Murata Masaki , Inui Kohei , Nagano Oki , Hasegawa Go , Ikeda Yohei , Seki Yoshinobu , Nakagawa Yuki , Hasegawa Moto , Hara Noboru , Nishiyama Tsutomu
Published: April 2020

Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells and occurs in various extramedullary sites. We report a 48-year-old man diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma in the epididymis. He was admitted to our hospital due to a painless right intrascrotal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 30 mm tumor in the right epididymis, and we subsequently performed right high orchiectomy. The pathological diagnosis was myeloid sarcoma. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed no hematological disease, and cytogenetic analysis in the bone marrow showed normal karyotype. He was diagnosed with isolated myeloid sarcoma in the epididymis. Six months after the operation, myeloid sarcoma recurred in the para aorta and left sub-diaphragm. Bone marrow examination revealed myelodysplastic syndrome, and cytogenetic analysis showed 46, XY. We performed surgical resection of the recurrent mass, and cytogenetic analysis showed 47, XY, +21. He was diagnosed with recurrent MS with adult-onset trisomy 21. Although the effect of trisomy 21 on prognosis is unknown, the patient is currently undergoing systemic chemotherapy with maintained remission.
Measuring airway clearance outcomes in bronchiectasis: a review
Authors: Franks Lisa J. , Walsh James R. , Hall Kathleen , Morris Norman R.
Published: April 2020

While airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are recommended for individuals with bronchiectasis, many trials have demonstrated inconsistent benefits or failed to reach their primary outcome. This review determined the most common clinical and patient-reported outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of ACTs in bronchiectasis. A literature search of five databases using relevant keywords and filtering for studies published in English, up until the end of August 2019, was completed. Studies included randomised controlled trials, using crossover or any other trial design, and abstracts. Studies were included where the control was placebo, no intervention, standard care, usual care or an active comparator. Adults with bronchiectasis not related to cystic fibrosis were included. Extracted data comprised study authors, design, duration, intervention, outcome measures and results. The search identified 27 published studies and one abstract. The most common clinical outcome measures were sputum volume (n=23), lung function (n=17) and pulse oximetry (n=9). The most common patient-reported outcomes were health-related quality of life (measured with St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, n=4), cough-related quality of life (measured with Leicester Cough Questionnaire, n=4) and dyspnoea (measured with Borg/modified Borg scale, n=8). Sputum volume, lung function, dyspnoea and health- and cough-related quality of life appear to be the most common clinical and patient-reported measures of airway clearance treatment efficacy.
From transformation to chronification of migraine: pathophysiological and clinical aspects
Authors:   On behalf of School of Advanced Studies of European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS), Torres-Ferrús M. , Ursitti F. , Alpuente A. , Brunello F. , Chiappino D. , de Vries T. , Di Marco S. , Ferlisi S. , Guerritore L. , Gonzalez-Garcia N. , Gonzalez-Martinez A. , Khutorov D. , Kritsilis M. , Kyrou A. , Makeeva T. , Minguez-Olaondo A. , Pilati L. , Serrien A. , Tsurkalenko O. , Van den Abbeele D. , van Hoogstraten W. S. , Lampl C.
Published: April 2020

Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinical evidence available.