bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of maropitant for the control of pruritus in non-flea, non-food-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label, uncontrolled pilot study
Authors: Maina Elisa , Fontaine Jacques
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Non-flea, non-food-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFNFIHD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic skin disease in cats. When avoidance and conventional systemic immunosuppressive treatments fail to control the clinical signs, there are limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of maropitant in feline NFNFIHD.

Methods

In an open-label, uncontrolled study, cats with proven non-seasonal NFNFIHD were treated with maropitant 2 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. Clinical lesions were evaluated with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) system and pruritus was evaluated with a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) before and at the end of the study. Owners assessed global efficacy and tolerability with a 4-point scale at the end of the study. Adverse events and body weight changes were recorded.

Results

Twelve cats were treated with a mean initial maropitant dose of 2.22 mg/kg PO q24h. The treatment decreased both SCORFAD and pruritus VAS (pVAS) scores in all cats except one, in which only pruritus was reduced. The efficacy and the tolerability of the treatment were judged as excellent or good by 83.3% of owners. Treatment did not cause any side effects other than, in a few cases, short-time, self-limiting sialorrhoea.

Conclusions and relevance

Maropitant seems to be an effective, well-tolerated therapeutic option to control pruritus in cats. Caution is needed in interpreting the results as the pVAS score system has not yet been validated in cats and the trial was uncontrolled. A further, controlled study is required to confirm our findings.
Surgical timing and presence of a vitreoretinal fellow on postoperative adverse events following pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Shields Ryan A , Ludwig Cassie A , Powers Matthew A , Tijerina Jonathan D , Schachar Ira H , Moshfeghi Darius M
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

To evaluate the adverse event rate following pars plana vitrectomy as a function of surgical start time and the presence of a vitreoretinal fellow.

Methods:

Single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 at Stanford University School of Medicine (Palo Alto, CA, USA). Records were reviewed for surgical start time, the presence of vitreoretinal fellow, and postoperative adverse events defined as any finding deviating from the expected postoperative course requiring observation or intervention.

Results:

A total of 310 pars plana vitrectomies were performed. There was no statistical difference in the rate of any adverse event when comparing cases starting after 16:01 (9/13, 69.2%) and after 12:01 (42/99, 42.4%) to a morning start time (69/198, 34.9%, adjusted p = 0.083). There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage with afternoon and evening cases as compared to morning cases (adjusted p = 0.021). In addition, there was no difference in any adverse event with a fellow present (93/244, 38.1%) compared to without (27/66, 40.9%, adjusted p = 0.163). There was a higher risk of postoperative hypotony when a fellow was involved (6.6% vs 0%, p = 0.028), though this difference disappeared after adjusting for confounders (adjusted p = 0.252). There was no difference in the length of surgery with and without a fellow (49 vs 54 min, respectively; p = 0.990).

Discussion:

Afternoon start time and the presence of a fellow were not independent risk factors for postoperative adverse events.
Do regional party primaries affect the ideological cohesion of political parties in multilevel systems? Evidence from Spain
Authors: Debus Marc , Navarrete Rosa M
Published: November 2018

Parties have strong incentives to present a relatively cohesive policy position to the voters across different levels of a political system. However, the adoption of inclusive forms of candidate selection methods like primaries could result in the selection of top candidates for elections on the subnational sphere who are not favoured by the party leadership. This is often seen as a threat to high levels of intra-party programmatic cohesion. Because subnational party organizations depend to a significant degree on the support from their national party, we argue that regional party branches that selected their top candidates by means of a primary adopt a policy position that deviates less strongly from the one of their national party. However, candidates selected by primaries might need to be responsive to the preferences of their regional selectorate, so that the incentives for parties at a regional level to deviate substantially from the position of their national party organization could increase. By analysing the content of 150 regional election manifestos of Spanish parties, we find that if a party’s top candidate for a regional election is selected in a primary, then the policy distance between the respective regional and national party decreases. However, this effect is not observable for recently founded parties.
Clinical correlates of sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Duncan Amie , Tamm Leanne , Birnschein Allison M , Becker Stephen P
Published: November 2018

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder frequently experience social communication difficulties, executive functioning deficits, and anxiety and depressive symptoms, which are similar to the symptoms and correlates of sluggish cognitive tempo. Although sluggish cognitive tempo is related to, but distinct from, the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that commonly co-occur with autism spectrum disorder, few studies have examined sluggish cognitive tempo in autism spectrum disorder. We examined whether sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were differentially associated with autism symptomatology, daily life executive functioning, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in 51 adolescents (ages 13–18 years) with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Regression analyses controlling for age and IQ showed that sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms, but not attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, were associated with increased autism symptomatology and internalizing symptoms. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, but not sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms, were associated with increased externalizing behaviors and behavior regulation deficits. Both sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were independently associated with increased metacognitive deficits. This study provides preliminary evidence that sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms are elevated in autism spectrum disorder and associated with key clinical correlates, with implications for the assessment and treatment in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Psychology curricula for non-psychologists? A framework recommended by the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations' Board of Educational Affairs
Authors: Dutke Stephan , Bakker Helen , Sokolová Lenka , Stuchlikova Iva , Salvatore Sergio , Papageorgi Ioulia
Published: November 2018

This paper argues that teaching psychology for non-psychologists influences psychology's public image and the basis of collaboration between psychologists and non-psychologists. Therefore, designing psychology curricula for non-psychology students and professionals is an important task of psychology departments that deserves attention. For guiding the design process, we propose considering five criteria. Curricula for non-psychologists should be (a) specific to the profession of the target group, (b) specific to the needs and (c) work processes of the target group and (d) limited to the professional field of the target group. Although psychology curricula for non-psychology students need to be limited regarding its breadth, they should (e) maintain the depth and multi-perspectivity required for understanding psychological phenomena. Discussing these criteria should help raise awareness for the role of teaching psychology to students of academic disciplines and professions other than psychology.
Glare-free high beam optimization based on country road traffic simulation
Authors: Kobbert J , Kosmas K , Khanh TQ
Published: November 2018

Throughout recent years, more and more vehicles in all classes have been equipped with glare-free high beam lighting. Series production started in 2012 with mechanical systems of near infinite resolution but with the constraint of cutting out only one single traffic element per situation. Today's glare-free high beam systems use discrete and individually addressable Light Emitting Diods (LEDs) in order to achieve even more functionality. This includes, for example, cutting out two or more cars from the light distribution, while at the same time being more energy efficient and without any mechanical movement. This paper presents a method to further increase the efficiency of glare-free high beam systems with discrete light sources based on country road traffic simulations. Especially for low resolution glare-free high beam systems, a large improvement in performance and road illumination can be achieved using the proposed method. Furthermore, the simulation is used to investigate the necessary system response time to successfully mask out traffic in different situations.
The Double Hermeneutics of Audience Research
Authors: Jensen Klaus Bruhn
Published: November 2018

Audience research interprets a lived reality that has already been interpreted by the recipients of media, and which may be reinterpreted through the intervention of research. This article explores the interplay between changing media environments and changing conceptions of audiences. In the digital media environment, audiences are active users of media, and media actively use the bit trail that users leave behind. To account for the reconfigured roles of media and audiences, I propose a renewed emphasis on the diverse flows of communication on digital platforms, specifically the metacommunication that yields metadata. Metacommunication is key to reinterpreting what audiences do with digital media and what digital media, in turn, do to audiences.
Prevalence and significance of T-wave inversion in Arab and Black paediatric athletes: Should anterior T-wave inversion interpretation be governed by biological or chronological age?
Authors: McClean Gavin , Riding Nathan R , Pieles Guido , Sharma Sanjay , Watt Victoria , Adamuz Carmen , Johnson Amanda , Tramullas Antonio , George Keith P , Oxborough David , Wilson Mathew G
Published: November 2018

Background

International electrocardiographic (ECG) recommendations regard anterior T-wave inversion (ATWI) in athletes under 16 years to be normal.

Design

The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, distribution and determinants of TWI by ethnicity, chronological and biological age within paediatric athletes. A second aim was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of international ECG recommendations against refinement within athletes who present with ECG variants isolated to ATWI (V1–V4) using receiver operator curve analysis. Clinical context was calculated using Bayesian analysis.

Methods

Four hundred and eighteen Arab and 314 black male athletes (11–18 years) were evaluated by ECG, echocardiogram and biological age (by radiological X-ray) assessment.

Results

A total of 116 (15.8%) athletes presented with ATWI (V1–V4), of which 96 (82.8%) were observed in the absence of other ECG findings considered to be abnormal as per international recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes; 91 (12.4%) athletes presented with ATWI confined to V1–V3, with prevalence predicted by black ethnicity (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–3.5) and biological age under 16 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.3). Of the 96 with ATWI (V1–V4) observed in the absence of other ECG findings considered to be abnormal, as per international recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, diagnostic accuracy was ‘fail’ (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.00–1.00) for international recommendations and ‘excellent’ (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92–1.00) when governed by biological age under 16 years, providing a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 15.8 (95% CI 1.8–28.1) and 0.0 (95% CI 0.0–0.8), respectively.

Conclusion

Interpretation of ECG variants isolated with ATWI (V1–V4) using international recommendations (chronological age <16 years) warrants caution, but governance by biological age yielded an ‘excellent’ diagnostic accuracy. In the clinical context, the ‘chance’ of detecting cardiac pathology within a paediatric male athlete presenting with ATWI in the absence of other ECG findings considered to be abnormal, as per international recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes (positive likelihood ratio 15.8), was 14.4%, whereas a negative ECG (negative likelihood ratio 0.0) was 0%.
Cardiovascular disease in nonagenarians: Prevalence and utilization of preventive therapies
Authors: Mostaza Jose M , Lahoz Carlos , Salinero-Fort Miguel A , Cardenas Juan
Published: November 2018

Aims

Nonagenarians are a fast growing segment of industrialized countries' populations. Despite a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, there are limited data about their use of preventive therapies and factors guiding decisions regarding their prescription. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the patterns of use of cardiovascular treatments in subjects ≥90 years old.

Methods

Population-based, cross-sectional study, in all nonagenarians residing in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Data were obtained from their electronic clinical records in primary care.

Results

Data were available from 59,423 subjects (mean age 93.3 years, 74.2% female, 13.5% with dementia). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 24.1% (10.9% with coronary artery disease (CAD), 13.1% with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 2.7% with peripheral artery disease(PAD)). In primary prevention, the use of statins and antiplatelet agents was 21.9% and 26.7%, respectively. Of subjects with vascular disease 27.7% were receiving a combined preventive strategy (use of antithrombotics, plus statins, plus blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg). Factors favourably associated with a combined preventive strategy were: female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.49), being independent versus totally dependent (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.43–2.65), diabetes (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.68), and negatively, age (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.90), CVD versus CAD (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35–0.47), PAD versus CAD (OR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.18–0.30), dementia (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) and nursing home residency (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93).

Conclusion

Nonagenarians have a great burden of cardiovascular diseases and receive a great number of preventive therapies, even in primary prevention, despite their unproven efficacy at these ages.
13910C>T and 22018G>A LCT gene polymorphisms in diagnosing hypolactasia in children
Authors: Tomczonek-Moruś J , Wojtasik A , Zeman K , Smolarz B , Bąk-Romaniszyn L
Published: November 2018

Background

Primary lactose intolerance (PLI) is a gradual decrease of lactase activity that usually manifests at the age of 1–5 years. It has been proved that PLI is related to a single‐nucleotide polymorphism of the lactase (LCT) gene.

Objective

An evaluation was performed on the usefulness of genetic tests in detecting LCT 13910C>T and 22018G>A polymorphisms in diagnosing lactose intolerance in children.

Methods

The study group included 99 children aged from 2 months to 16.5 years with different digestive tract symptoms. In all patients a hydrogen breath test (HBT) was conducted and blood samples were collected to determine LCT polymorphisms. PLI was defined as the presence of the 13910CC and/or 22018GG polymorphism in patients with a positive HBT result.

Results

In the group younger than 6 years, no statistically significant correlation was observed between the 13910CC and/or 22018GG LCT polymorphisms and HBT result. In the group of children older than 6, a statistically significant correlation between the 13910CC (p = 0.0011) and 22018GG (p = 0.003) LCT polymorphisms and HBT result was detected.

Conclusions

In children older than 6, the result of genetic testing based on LCT 13910C>T and 22018G>A polymorphisms may diagnose lactose intolerance.
Commentary: Employee Counseling, Equity Theory, and Research Opportunities
Authors: Gates Vicki J. , Reinsch N. Lamar
Published: November 2018

We argue, first, that frontline human resource managers are typically given insufficient training and support. We base that assertion on the limited, available research and on our personal experience. We argue, second, that training for employee counseling should include equity theory. We develop that claim by illustrating how equity theory can be applied in several real (but disguised) cases. Finally, we call for research on employee counseling as a business communication event and on equity theory as an effective tool for employee counseling.
Default Mode Network Maturation and Environmental Adversities During Childhood
Authors: Rebello Keila , Moura Luciana M. , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Rohde Luis A. , Sato João R.
Published: November 2018

Default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in cognition and brain disorders. It has been shown that adverse environmental conditions impact neurodevelopment, but how these conditions impact in DMN maturation is still poorly understood. This article reviews representative neuroimaging functional studies addressing the interactions between DMN development and environmental factors, focusing on early life adversities, a critical period for brain changes. Studies focused on this period of life offer a special challenge: to disentangle the neurodevelopmental connectivity changes from those related to environmental conditions. We first summarized the literature on DMN maturation, providing an overview of both typical and atypical development patterns in childhood and early adolescence. Afterward, we focused on DMN changes associated with chronic exposure to environmental adversities during childhood. This summary suggests that changes in DMN development could be a potential allostatic neural feature associated with an embodiment of environmental circumstances. Finally, we discuss about some key methodological issues that should be considered in paradigms addressing environmental adversities and open questions for future investigations.
Direct Rap1/Talin1 interaction regulates platelet and neutrophil integrin activity in mice
Authors: Bromberger Thomas , Klapproth Sarah , Rohwedder Ina , Zhu Liang , Mittmann Laura , Reichel Christoph A. , Sperandio Markus , Qin Jun , Moser Markus
Published: November 2018

Targeting Talin1 to the plasma membrane is a crucial step in integrin activation, which in leukocytes is mediated by a Rap1/RIAM/Talin1 pathway, whereas in platelets, it is RIAM independent. Recent structural, biochemical, and cell biological studies have suggested direct Rap1/Talin1 interaction as an alternative mechanism to recruit Talin1 to the membrane and induce integrin activation. To test whether this pathway is of relevance in vivo, we generated Rap1 binding–deficient Talin1 knockin (Tln13mut) mice. Although Tln13mut mice showed no obvious abnormalities, their platelets exhibited reduced integrin activation, aggregation, adhesion, and spreading, resulting in prolonged tail-bleeding times and delayed thrombus formation and vessel occlusion in vivo. Surprisingly, neutrophil adhesion to different integrin ligands and β2 integrin–dependent phagocytosis were also significantly impaired, which caused profound leukocyte adhesion and extravasation defects in Tln13mut mice. In contrast, macrophages exhibited no defect in adhesion or spreading despite reduced integrin activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that direct Rap1/Talin1 interaction is of particular importance in regulating the activity of different integrin classes expressed on platelets and neutrophils, which both depend on fast and dynamic integrin-mediated responses.
Probing the Relevance of Chemical Identity Thinking in Biochemical Contexts
Authors: Ngai Courtney , Sevian Hannah
Published: November 2018

The solving of problems in biochemistry often uses concepts from multiple disciplines such as chemistry and biology. Chemical identity (CI) is a foundational concept in the field of chemistry, and the knowledge, thinking, and practices associated with CI are used to answer the following questions: “What is this substance?” and “How is it different from other substances?” In this study, we examined the relevance of CI in biochemical contexts and first explored the ways in which practicing biochemists consider CI relevant in their work. These responses informed the development of creative exercises (CEs) given to second-­semester biochemistry students. Analysis of the student responses to these CEs revealed that students incorporated precursors to CI thinking in more than half of their responses, which were categorized by seven previously identified themes of CI relevant to the presented biochemical contexts. The prevalence of these precursors in student responses to the CEs, coupled with the examples provided by practicing biochemists of contexts in which CI is relevant, indicate that CI thinking is relevant for both students training to be biochemists and practicing biochemists.
Use of Next-Generation Sequencing Tests to Guide Cancer Treatment: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey of Oncologists in the United States
Authors: Freedman Andrew N. , Klabunde Carrie N. , Wiant Kristine , Enewold Lindsey , Gray Stacy W. , Filipski Kelly K. , Keating Nancy L. , Leonard Debra G.B. , Lively Tracy , McNeel Timothy S. , Minasian Lori , Potosky Arnold L. , Rivera Donna R. , Schilsky Richard L. , Schrag Deborah , Simonds Naoko I. , Sineshaw Helmneh M. , Struewing Jeffery P. , Willis Gordon , de Moor Janet S.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

There are no nationally representative data on oncologists’ use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate how oncologists in the United States use NGS tests to evaluate patients with cancer and to inform treatment recommendations.

Methods

The study used data from the National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment, which was mailed to a nationally representative sample of oncologists in 2017 (N = 1,281; cooperation rate = 38%). Weighted percentages were calculated to describe NGS test use. Multivariable modeling was conducted to assess the association of test use with oncologist practice characteristics.

Results

Overall, 75.6% of oncologists reported using NGS tests to guide treatment decisions. Of these oncologists, 34.0% used them often to guide treatment decisions for patients with advanced refractory disease, 29.1% to determine eligibility for clinical trials, and 17.5% to decide on off-label use of Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. NGS test results informed treatment recommendations often for 26.8%, sometimes for 52.4%, and never or rarely for 20.8% of oncologists. Oncologists younger than 50 years of age, holding a faculty appointment, having genomics training, seeing more than 50 unique patients per month, and having access to a molecular tumor board were more likely to use NGS tests.

Conclusion

In 2017, most oncologists in the United States were using NGS tests to guide treatment decisions for their patients. More research is needed to establish the clinical usefulness of these tests, to develop evidence-based clinical guidelines for their use in practice, and to ensure that patients who can benefit from these new technologies receive appropriate testing and treatment.
Wing morphology, flight type and migration distance predict accumulated fuel load in birds
Authors: Vincze Orsolya , Vágási Csongor I. , Pap Péter László , Palmer Colin , Møller Anders Pape
Published: November 2018

Birds often accumulate large fat and protein reserves to fuel long-distance flights. While it is well known that species that fly the longest accumulate the largest amounts of fuel, considerable cross-species variation in fuel load is seen after controlling for overall migration distance. It remains unclear whether this variation can be explained by aerodynamic attributes of different species, despite obvious ecological and conservation implications. Here we collected data on wing morphology, flight type, migration distance and fuel load from 213 European bird species and explored three questions: (1) Does maximum fuel load relate to migration distance across species?; (2) Does wing morphology, as described by wing aspect ratio and wing loading, influence maximum fuel load, and; (3) Does flight type influence maximum fuel load? Our results indicate that maximum fuel load increases with migration across species, but residual variance is high. Our results indicate that maximum fuel load is also correlated with migration distance, but again residual variance is high. The latter variance is explained by aspect ratio and flight type, while wing loading and body mass explain little variance. Birds with slender wings accumulate less fuel than species with low wing aspect ratio when covering a similar migration distance. Continuously flapping species accumulate the largest amounts of fuel, followed by flapping and soaring, flapping and gliding species, while the smallest fuel loads were observed in birds with passerine-type flight. These results highlight complex eco-evolutionary adaptations to migratory behaviour, pointing toward the importance of energy-minimisation.
Making a point: shared mechanics underlying the diversity of biological puncture
Authors: Anderson Philip S. L.
Published: November 2018

A viper injecting venom into a target, a mantis shrimp harpooning a fish, a cactus dispersing itself via spines attaching to passing mammals; all these are examples of biological puncture. Although disparate in terms of materials, kinematics and phylogeny, all three examples must adhere to the same set of fundamental physical laws that govern puncture mechanics. The diversity of biological puncture systems is a good case study for how physical laws can be used as a baseline for comparing disparate biological systems. In this Review, I explore the diversity of biological puncture and identify key variables that influence these systems. First, I explore recent work on biological puncture in a diversity of organisms, based on their hypothesized objectives: gripping, injection, damage and defence. Variation within each category is discussed, such as the differences between gripping for prey capture, gripping for dispersal of materials or gripping during reproduction. The second half of the Review is focused on specific physical parameters that influence puncture mechanics, such as material properties, stress, energy, speed and the medium within which puncture occurs. I focus on how these parameters have been examined in biology, and how they influence the evolution of biological systems. The ultimate objective of this Review is to outline an initial framework for examining the mechanics and evolution of puncture systems across biology. This framework will not only allow for broad biological comparisons, but also create a baseline for bioinspired design of both tools that puncture efficiently and materials that can resist puncture.
Physiological and Perceived Exertion Responses during Exercise: Effect of β-blockade
Authors: MITCHELL BRADEN L. , DAVISON KADE , PARFITT GAYNOR , SPEDDING SIMON , ESTON ROGER G.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of β-blockade on physiological and perceived exertion (RPE) responses during incremental treadmill exercise.

Methods

Sixteen healthy participants (n = 8 men; age, 25.3 ± 4.6 yr) performed a maximal treadmill exercise test after ingestion of 100 mg metoprolol or placebo, with a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design. Heart rate (HR), ventilatory, and gas exchange variables were measured continuously, and participants reported RPE at the end of each minute. Physiological and RPE responses during each condition were compared at the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point, and at maximal exercise using repeated-measures ANOVA. Linear regression modeled relationships between perceived exertion and physiological variables.

Results

The HR and V˙O2 at the VT, respiratory compensation point, and maximal exercise were all significantly lower after β-blockade (P < 0.05). However, when standardized to within condition peak values, differences were no longer significant. The RPE associated with VT was higher after β-blockade (12.9 ± 1.0 vs 12.3 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) but lower at maximal exercise (19.1 ± 0.6 vs 19.4 ± 0.5, P < 0.05). Increases in RPE relative to HR were greater after β-blockade and remained significant when expressed relative to peak HR. There was no difference in the growth of the relationship between RPE and V˙O2 across conditions, although the origin of the relationship was higher with β-blockade.

Conclusions

Although β-blockade resulted in a significant reduction in exercising HR and V˙O2, the RPE for a given relative intensity remained unchanged. The relationship between RPE and V˙O2 was not affected by β-blockade. The results provide evidence that RPE is a useful and reliable measure for exercise testing and prescription in patients prescribed β-blockade therapy.
Αναχρησιμοποίηση λίθων. Ναός Παναγίας Γοργοεπήκοου
Authors: ΚΟΡΡΕΣ (Manolis KORRES) Μανόλης
Published: November 2018

Σχολιάζεται η μακρότατη ιστορία του φαινομένου της αναχρησιμοποίησης λίθων παλαιοτέρων έργων, διακρίνονται κατηγορίες αυτού και κατατάσσονται περιπτώσεις βάσει φυσικών, τεχνικών, λειτουργικών, καλλιτεχνικών και συμβολικών παραγόντων. Συνοψίζονται τα σχετικά με την αναλυτική ταξινόμηση περίπου 270 λίθων του ναού της Παναγίας Γοργοεπηκόου, ανηκόντων στις πρώτες πέντε στρώσεις των τοίχων, στις γωνίες των κεραιών, στις γωνίες του τρούλλου, στον μεσότοιχο, στα ανατολικά στηρίγματα και τα γείσα, ενώ συνεξετάζονται οι λίθοι W20, O69 και Ο70. Επίσης, προσδιορίζονται πλείστα χαρακτηριστικά των κτισμάτων, ή λιθοτεχνικών έργων στα οποία αρχικώς ανήκαν οι εν λόγω λίθοι, αναγνωρίζεται η πολλαπλή αναχρησιμοποίηση αυτών, σχολιάζεται η λιθοξοϊκή των νέων επιφανειών και ερμηνεύεται ένα σύνολον τεκτονικών γραμμάτων.
Απο τον σχεδιασμό στην κατασκευή: Ζητήματα εφαρμογής στη βυζαντινή αρχιτεκτονική
Authors: ΜΑΜΑΛΟΥΚΟΣ (Stavros MAMALOUKOS) Σταύρος
Published: November 2018

Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η επισκόπηση διαφόρων ζητημάτων που σχετίζονται με τον σχεδιασμό και τη χρήση σχεδίων και προπλασμάτων, σε συσχετισμό με την εφαρμογή τους στη βυζαντινή αρχιτεκτονική της μέσης και της ύστερης περιόδου. Υποστηρίζεται ότι, ενώ στην περίπτωση των ταπεινότερων κτισμάτων ο «σχεδιασμός» γινόταν χωρίς τη χρήση σχεδίων με τους όρους της προακαδημαϊκής εποχής της «προφορικότητας», η παραγωγή της επίσημης αρχιτεκτονικής γινόταν με υψηλού επιπέδου αρχιτεκτονικό σχεδιασμό, ο οποίος μπορεί από πολλές απόψεις να συγκριθεί με εκείνον που δημιούργησε τα σημαντικά αρχιτεκτονικά έργα της πρώιμης βυζαντινής εποχής.
Ε. Ν. Τσιγαρίδας, Καστοριά. Κέντρο ζωγραφικής την εποχή των Παλαιολόγων (1360-1450)
Authors: ΧΑΤΖΗΔΑΚΗ (Nano CHATZIDAKI) Νανώ
Published: November 2018

Παρουσιαση βιβλιουΕ. Ν. Τσιγαρίδας, Καστοριά. Κέντρο ζωγραφικής την εποχή των Παλαιολόγων (1360-1450), Εταιρεία Μακεδονικών Σπουδών, Θεσσαλονίκη 2016, 632 σελ., 44 σχέδια και 430 έγχρωμες εικόνες εντός κειμένου. Βιβλιογραφία (σ. 584-606). Ευρετήρια (σ. 607-630). 30×22 εκ. ISBN: 978-960-9458-14-6
Interventions for Frequently Hospitalized Patients and Their Effect on Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goodwin Alexandra , Henschen Bruce L. , O'Dwyer Linda C. , Nichols Natasha , O'Leary Kevin J.
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

A small subset of patients account for a substantial proportion of hospital readmissions. Programs to reduce utilization among this subset of frequently hospitalized patients have the potential to improve health and reduce unnecessary spending.

PURPOSE

To conduct a systematic review of interventions targeting frequently hospitalized patients.

DATA SOURCES

PubMed MEDLINE; Embase (embase. com); and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, January 1, 1980 to January 1, 2018.

STUDY SELECTION

Four physicians screened 4762 titles and abstracts for inclusion. Authors reviewed 116 full‐text studies and included 9 meeting criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION

Study characteristics, outcomes, and details regarding interventions were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed by the Downs and Black Scale.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Out of the nine included studies, three were randomized controlled trials, three were controlled retrospective cohort studies, and three were uncontrolled pre‐post studies. Inclusion criteria, interventions used, and outcomes assessed varied across studies. While all nine studies demonstrated reduced utilization, studies with lower risk of bias generally found similar reductions in utilization between intervention and control groups. Interventions commonly consisted of interdisciplinary teams interacting with patients across health care settings.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions targeting high need, high‐cost patients are heterogeneous, with many studies observing a regression to the mean. More rigorous studies, using multifaceted interventions which can adapt to patients' unique needs should be conducted to assess the effect on outcomes relevant to both providers and patients.
Perfil dos usuários do serviço de educação física em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
Authors: Milech Angelica , Häfele Vítor , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil dos usuários de um serviço de educação física em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Pelotas. Os dados fazem parte do atendimento ambulatorial do profissional de educação física aos usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Foram coletados dados sobre características demográficas, comportamentais, de saúde e de participação no atendimento ambulatorial. A amostra foi composta por 218 usuários que foram atendidos por profissional de educação física. A maioria dos usuários eram mulheres (84,4%), com faixa etária de 50 anos ou mais (63,4%), com hipertensão (58,8%), com dores (86,9%), obesos (59,8%), insuficientemente ativos no lazer (80,7%), que ingeria no mínimo um medicamento de maneira contínua (80,2%), que mencionaram ter espaço próximo da residência para praticar atividade física (62,1%) e que gostariam de realizar caminhadas (53,6%). Conclui-se que o perfil de atendimento ambulatorial na unidade básica de saúde com profissional de educação física é composto por mulheres, por pessoas com 50 anos ou mais e por usuários com algum problema de saúde.
Technical Note—Closed-Form Solutions for Worst-Case Law Invariant Risk Measures with Application to Robust Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Li Jonathan Yu-Meng
Published: November 2018

Worst-case risk measures provide a means of calculating the largest value of risk when only partial information of the underlying distribution is available. For popular risk measures such as value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) it is now known that their worst-case counterparts can be evaluated in closed form when only the first two moments are known. We show in this paper that closed-form solutions exist for a general class of law invariant coherent risk measures, which consist of spectral risk measures (and thus CVaR also) as special cases. Moreover, we provide worst-case distributions characterized in terms of risk spectrums, which can take any form of distribution bounded from below. As applications of the closed-form results, new formulas are derived for calculating the worst-case values of higher order risk measures and higher order semideviation, and new robust portfolio optimization models are provided.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1736 .
KINETIC PARAMETERS CALCULATION DURING FIRST CYCLE OF THE WWER-1000 REACTOR CORE
Authors: Akbari Morteza , Rezaei Samira , Khoshahval Farrokh
Published: November 2018

Determination of the effective delayed neutron fraction (βeff) and neutron generation time (Λ), on account of their important role in the reactivity transients analysis, safety, and control of nuclear reactors, is of the great importance in the reactor physics calculations. In this paper, evaluation of the kinetic parameters (effective delayed neutron fraction and prompt neutron lifetime) in PWRs is calculated. Software was developed to automate the procedure of kinetic parameters calculations. We used both a deterministic and a probabilistic method for calculation of the delayed neutron parameters. The results performed well in comparison to the reference.
Perceptions of labour pain among gravid women in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Arinze Joyce C , Anarado Agnes N , Nwonu Eunice I , Ogbonnaya Chidinma E , Maduakolam Ijeoma O , Arinze Obinna C
Published: November 2018

Background:

Labour pain is subjective and multifactorial. Methods of pain relief vary among women and across cultures, but this area has been under-researched in south-eastern Nigeria.

Aims:

To understand women's perspectives of labour pain in order to provide a satisfying birth experience.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study investigated women's perspectives of labour pain and its control. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 129 women, who had given birth at least once, at two teaching hospitals in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Findings:

Most respondents (77.5%) rated labour pain as ‘very severe’, and 84.4% felt it should be controlled. Overall, 60.6% had heard about labour pain control and although 46.5% received some form of pain relief in their last labour, only 15.6% had a satisfactory pain relief. Nearly all (95.9%) would choose pain relief in future labour. Increasing parity significantly reduced the desire for labour pain control (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Although most women wanted pain relief in labour, they had limited knowledge of possible methods. Midwives should inform women about labour pain relief methods and offer labour pain control as a right.
Action in tranquillity: Sketching martial ideation in The Grandmaster
Authors: Wong Wayne
Published: November 2018

This article argues that the concept of wuyi 武意 (‘martial ideation’) forms the aesthetic core of kung fu cinema. Rather than focusing on the expressive amplification of emotion, martial ideation negotiates action and stasis through stabilization and eventually reaches a state of tranquillity. In The Grandmaster (Wong, 2013), such an ideational experience is sketched through the Buddhist notion of guan 觀 (‘perspicaciousness’). Perspicaciousness is embodied by three ways of ‘seeing’ in the mise-en-scène, including ‘listening bridge’ in martial arts performance, ‘looking back’ in narrative structure and ‘visioning’ in theme. In this light, Wong’s kung fu debut treats the southern hand-to-hand combat tradition not as a spectacle, but as an embodied knowledge that links kung fu practice with Chinese aesthetics and philosophy.
The analysis of the relationship between ındividual ınnovativeness and general self-efficacy of the students ın the school of physical education and sports

Authors: Sevinç Tırpan Meral , Gençer Ramazan Timuçin
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal innovativeness and general self-efficacy of the students of School of Physical Education and Sports. The sample of this research consisted of 462 1st and 4th class students from departments of Sports Management, Physical Education Teaching and Coaching Education of Ege University and Celal Bayar University in the academic year of 2015 – 2016. In this research, quantitative and descriptive research methods are used. A questionnaire consisting of the Personal Innovativeness Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale and some demographic questions was used in this study. SPSS 20.0 Package Software was used for the analysis. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in Personal Innovativeness levels in terms of gender, degree program (formal and evening) and class. It is determined that Personal Innovativeness levels of the students was in “Early Majority” level. Furthermore, General Self-Efficacy levels of the students had statistically significant differences in terms of gender, university, degree program, and class. It was determined that there was a positive medium level  of relationship between the levels of Individual Innovativeness and General Self-Efficacy of the students.  Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyleri ile genel özyeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi Ege Üniversitesi ve Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarının 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Spor Yöneticiliği, Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği ve Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümlerinin 1. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 462 lisans öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi ve betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Bireysel Yenilikçilik ve Genel Özyeterlilik Ölçeklerinin yanı sıra bazı demografik sorulardan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 20.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; Bireysel Yenilikçilik düzeylerinin cinsiyet,  program ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Bireysel Yenilikçilik Düzeylerinin “Sorgulayıcı” seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Genel Özyeterlilik düzeylerinin cinsiyet, üniversite, program ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada bireysel yenilikçilik ile genel özyeterlilik arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yani özyeterlilikleri yüksek olan bireylerin yenilikçilik düzeylerinin de yükseldiği, özyeterlilikleri düşük olan bireylerin ise yenilikçilik düzeylerinin de düşeceği söylenebilir.
Język rosyjski jako centrum idei narodowej – ujęcie Władymira Biblera
Authors: Kropaczewski Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

An article written by a famous Russian humanist Vladimir Bibler, entitled “Russian national idea: Russian native tongue and the experience of culturological assumptions” (Национальная русская идея? – Русская речь. Опыт культурологического предположения), is discussed here in the context of Russian culture’s logocentricity and the related phenomenon of Russian philosophy, with language and a word being its “core elements”. Bibler perceives his native tongue not only as a fundamental element of Russian mentality or “world view”, but also as a dynamic, nationwide symbol as well as the central element – an idea capable of uniting the whole society and fostering the relationship between tradition and the future.
Hyperbolic Unfoldings of Minimal Hypersurfaces
Authors: Lohkamp Joachim
Published: November 2018

We study the intrinsic geometry of area minimizing hypersurfaces from a new point of view by relating this subject to quasiconformal geometry. Namely, for any such hypersurface H we define and construct a so-called S-structure. This new and natural concept reveals some unexpected geometric and analytic properties of H and its singularity set Ʃ. Moreover, it can be used to prove the existence of hyperbolic unfoldings of H\Ʃ. These are canonical conformal deformations of H\Ʃ into complete Gromov hyperbolic spaces of bounded geometry with Gromov boundary homeomorphic to Ʃ. These new concepts and results naturally extend to the larger class of almost minimizers.
Central adrenal insufficiency: open issues regarding diagnosis and glucocorticoid treatment
Authors: Ceccato Filippo , Scaroni Carla
Published: November 2018

Background

Central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is characterized by impaired adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion because of a disease or injury to the hypothalamus or the pituitary, leading to a reduced cortisol production. CAI suspicion arises more frequently in patients with pituitary tumors, cranial irradiation/surgery/injury/infections, as well as after exogenous glucocorticoid withdrawal. Nevertheless, a late diagnosis is not uncommon because CAI may present with nonspecific signs or symptoms, as fatigue or hyponatremia.

Content

The PubMed database was searched (years 1980–2018), using “central adrenal insufficiency” and “ACTH deficiency” as keywords. Subsequently, reference sections of the retrieved articles were searched.

Dynamic tests are needed when morning basal cortisol levels are not sufficient to exclude or to confirm CAI. Short Synacthen Test (SST) is the most used, and Endocrine Society’s guidelines recommend a cortisol peak >500 nmol/L to exclude CAI. Despite thresholds, understanding the pretest probability of ACTH deficiency (the clinical background of the patient) is essential because the diagnostic accuracy of SST in case of a negative result is suboptimal. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy, able to replicate cortisol circadian rhythm, is required in patients with CAI; fludrocortisone treatment is not necessary. Short-acting glucocorticoid drugs (hydrocortisone or cortisone acetate) are the most used; lower doses than previously used are nowadays recommended to reduce cortisol-related comorbidities. Promising results have been obtained with modified-release hydrocortisone, especially regarding glucose metabolism in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency.

Outlook

An accurate clinical diagnosis and a careful individualized therapy are mandatory in patients with CAI.
A Context for Complexism: Between Neoliberal Social Thought and Algorithmic Art
Authors: Crano Ricky D.
Published: November 2018

Among the many genres of visual art to emerge in the wake of computerisation, the subset of generative or algorithmic art known as complexism seems uniquely keyed to the social and technological mainsprings of everyday life in the twenty-first century. Complexism typically deploys computer algorithms to demonstrate how complex phenomena can emerge through the reiterative enactment of simple rulesets. The light and sound installations and the videos that complexist artists produce, alongside the discourses surrounding the works, stand out as singularly contemporary, not necessarily for their exploitation of now-ubiquitous telematic tools and techniques, but for their deep commitment to the trailblazing problems, methods, and hypotheses set out by the new science of complexity. Practitioners of and commentators on complexism (the work and writings of Philip Galanter feature most prominently here) persistently invoke this booming interdisciplinary field of complexity research. Against this trend, I argue that for all the leverage the tools and terms of complexity science supply to complexist art, the concept of complexity itself remains surprisingly vague and shorn of any historical sensibility. One preliminary aim of this essay is to bring more theoretical rigour to the artists’ use of this concept by beginning to fill in the missing backstory. From there, I move to complicate this genealogy by introducing a somewhat controversial figure-the social theorist, political economist, and legal philosopher Friedrich Hayek, who had posited similar problems concerning the emergence and maintenance of complex, self-organized systems as early as the 1930s, and whose theoretical solutions to these problems were instrumental to what historians and sociologists have subsequently described as capitalism’s late “neoliberal turn.”