bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis and its generalizations for any type of sequence (PCA-Seq)
Authors: Efimov V. M. , Efimov K. V. , Kovaleva V. Y.
Published: January 2020

In the 1940s, Karhunen and Loève proposed a method for processing a one-dimensional numeric time series by converting it into multidimensional by shifts. In fact, a one-dimensional number series was decomposed into several orthogonal time series. This method has many times been independently developed and applied in practice under various names (EOF, SSA, Caterpillar, etc.). Nowadays, the name ‘SSA’ (Singular Spectral Analysis) is the most often used. It turned out that it is universal, applicable to any time series without requiring stationary assumptions, automatically decomposes time series into a trend, cyclic components and noise. By the beginning of the 1980s, Takens had shown that for a dynamical system such a method makes it possible to obtain an attractor from observing only one of these variables, thereby bringing the method to a powerful theoretical basis. In the same years, the practical benefits of phase portraits became clear. In particular, it was used in the analysis and forecast of animal abundance dynamics. In this paper we propose to extend SSA to a one-dimensional sequence of any type of elements, including numbers, symbols, figures, etc., and, as a special case, to a molecular sequence. Technically, the problem is solved using an algorithm like SSA. The sequence is cut by a sliding window into fragments of a given length. Between all fragments, the matrix of Euclidean distances is calculated. This is always possible. For example, the square root of the Hamming distance between fragments is a Euclidean distance. For the resulting matrix, the principal components are calculated by the principal-coordinate method (PCo). Instead of a distance matrix, one can use a matrix of any similarity/dissimilarity indexes and apply methods of multidimensional scaling (MDS). The result will always be PCs in some Euclidean space. We called this method ‘PCA-Seq’. It is certainly an exploratory method, as is its particular case SSA. For any sequence, in cluding molecular, PCA-Seq without any additional assumptions allows presenting its principal components in a numerical form and visualizing them in the form of phase portraits. A long history of SSA application for numerical data gives all reason to believe that PCA-Seq will be not less useful in the analysis of non-numerical data, especially in hypothesizing. PCA-Seq is implemented in the freely distributed Jacobi 4 package (http://jacobi4.ru/).
Сandidate SNP-markers of rheumatoid arthritis that can significantly alter the affinity of the TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters
Authors: Chadaeva I. V. , Rasskazov D. A. , Sharypova E. B. , Drachkova I. A. , Oshchepkova E. A. , Savinkova L. K. , Ponomarenko P. M. , Ponomarenko M. P. , Kolchanov N. A. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: January 2020

Rheumatoid polyarthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with autoantibodies, including antibodies to citrullant antigens and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, which are involved in the induction of chronic synovitis, bone erosion, followed by deformity. Immunopathogenesis is based on the mechanisms of the breakdown of immune tolerance to its own antigens, which is characterized by an increase in the activity of T-effector cells, causing RA symptomatology. At the same time, against the background of such increased activity of effector lymphocytes, a decrease in the activity of a number of regulatory cells, including regulatory T-cells (Treg) and myeloid suppressor cells, is recorded. There is reason to say that it is the change in the activity of suppressor cells that is the leading element in RA pathogenesis. That is why only periods of weakening (remission) of RA are spoken of. According to the more powerful female immune system compared to the male one, the risk of developing RA in women is thrice as high, this risk decreases during breastfeeding and grows during pregnancy as well as after menopause in proportion to the level of sex hormones. It is believed that 50 % of the risk of developing RA depends on the conditions and lifestyle, while the remaining 50 % is dependent on genetic predisposition. That is why, RA fits the main idea of postgenomic predictive-preventive personalized medicine that is to give a chance to those who would like to reduce his/her risk of diseases by bringing his/her conditions and lifestyle in line with the data on his/her genome sequenced. This is very important, since doctors consider RA as one of the most frequent causes of disability. Using the Web service SNP_TATA_Z-tester (http://beehive.bionet.nsc.ru/cgi-bin/mgs/tatascan_fox/start.pl), 227 variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human gene promoters were studied. As a result, 43 candidate SNP markers for RA that can alter the affinity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) for the promoters of these genes were predicted.
Miejsca Leśmiana – dzisiaj (o najnowszej recepcji krytycznoliterackiej)
Authors: Gorczyńska Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Artykuł stanowiący postscriptum do książki Miejsca Leśmiana. Topika recepcji krytycznoliterackiej (2011) szkicuje historię krytycznoliterackiego odbioru twórczości Bolesława Leśmiana od pierwszych lat XXI wieku do jubileuszowego roku 2017. Przyspieszenie recepcji, wyraźnie zaznaczające się już na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku, w omawianym okresie nie tylko utrzymało się, ale wręcz wzmogło. Krytycy coraz śmielej mówią też o prekursorstwie Leśmiana względem dwudziestowiecznego modernizmu i postmodernizmu; „(post)modernizacjom” Leśmiana towarzyszą z kolei zmiany na poziomie językowym (choć część z nich ma charakter raczej powierzchowny). Mimo akcentowanej przez krytyków nieciągłości, trwający od ponad dwóch dekad „powrót do Leśmiana” jest w znacznej mierze powrotem do ujęć oraz wątków wcześniejszej recepcji. Zdarzają się jednak znaczące przesunięcia, np. w użyciach toposu żydowskości/polskości Leśmiana. Do zjawisk zupełnie nowych należy natomiast upolitycznienie dyskursu o poecie.
Afekt wobec braku. Poezja Bolesława Leśmiana
Authors: Pilch Urszula M.
Published: January 2020

Lektura poezji Bolesława Leśmiana pozwala wskazać zasadniczą cechę w postaci wielowymiarowego uwrażliwienia na brak. W liryce autora Sadu rozstajnego wyróżniam te zabiegi, które wydobywają już na poziomie językowym poczucie niepełni, nieobecności, nieistnienia. Apofatyczność języka przekłada się na problem niebytu jako braku znaczącego. Zajmuję się brakiem nie tyle jako kategorią zaprzeczenia istnienia, ile raczej jako samodzielnym, ukonstytuowanym, afektywnym rodzajem przeżycia. Zastanawiam się, co dzieje się z „ja” mówiącym, które konfrontuje się z innym w sytuacji przeżywania bólu wynikającego z braku. Najbardziej istotne okazuje się empatyczne współodczuwanie „ja” z innym. W momencie odkrycia cudzego bólu następuje stan afektywny, który nie podlega już ani uświadomieniu, ani opisaniu. Zderzenie na osi „ja” – inny – brak przynosi i stwarza afekt. Empatycznie nakierowane „ja” liryczne zderza się z innym, który przeżywa brak. Odczucia nnego zostają przez osobę mówiącą w tekście – do pewnego przynajmniej stopnia – rozpoznane, a nawet nazwane. Dopiero w tym, co rozgrywa się później, upatruję stanu afektywnego. Empatyczne zderzenie i współodczuwanie wybija „ja” z samego siebie, rozbija czasami tekst – doprowadza bowiem do przeżycia, które plasuje się poniżej uświadomionego, tym bardziej wyrażonego i wreszcie niewyrażalnego. Jest przeżyciem nie-do-nazwania.
Hartwig przestrzennie. Recenzja książki Elżbiety Dutki „Centra, prowincje, zaułki. Twórczość Julii Hartwig jako auto/bio/geo/grafia”, Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych „Universitas”, Kraków 2016
Authors: Gałczyńska Emilia
Published: January 2020

Auto/bio/geo/grafia jest twórczą i niebanalną soczewką interpretacyjną autorki książki, która przygląda się poszczególnym tomom, wierszom i tekstom o sztuce autorstwa Julii Hartwig. Ramą kompozycyjną, która pozwala na prowadzenie płynnej narracji, staje się przestrzeń, przypisana do tytułowego centrum, prowincji i zaułka. Wspomniane odniesienia przestrzenne funkcjonują jako klucz kompozycyjny książki podzielonej na trzy segmenty: Francja – nostalgiczne centrum, Ameryka – prowincja codzienności oraz Polska – zaułki historii i pamięci, w ramach których, w konkretnych przykładach utworów, każdorazowo zostaje zauważona spacja i łączące się z nią przemiany.
Łódzcy poeci dwudziestolecia międzywojennego i ich miasto
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Sylwester
Published: January 2020

Artykuł jest przeglądem osiągnięć łódzkiego polskojęzycznego środowiska literackiego w okresie międzywojennym. Punkt odniesienia stanowi twórczość poety Artura Glisczyńskiego. Bliższej analizie poddana została liryka czworga tworzących w dwudziestoleciu poetów: Marii Przedborskiej, Mieczysława Brauna, Witolda Wandurskiego oraz Konstantego Dobrzyńskiego. Autor tekstu przygląda się zróżnicowanej poetyce łódzkich artystów oraz wpływowi sztuki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego na ich twórczość. Głównym tematem refleksji jest jednak miasto, jego przestrzeń, mieszkańcy i motywy pokrewne.
Immunological Effects of a Single Dose of PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulated Peptide in Broilers in Comparison to Traditional Vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease
Authors: Al-Rubaee S H , Al-Azawi T S , Taha A A
Published: January 2020

Infectious bursal disease is a viral poultry disease that causes economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the white blood cells count (WBCs count), differential count, antibody (Ab) titration against IBDV and interferone gamma (INF-ã) responses in broiler administered traditional and prepared nanovaccines. A total of 98 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to evaluate the immunological responses. They were devided into G1(Control); G2- (Traditional vaccine); G3(PLGA nanoparticle); G4(160 µg of peptide loaded PLGA); G5 (80 µg of peptide loaded PLGA); G6(40 µg of peptide loaded PLGA) and G7(20 µg of peptide loaded PLGA) by oral administration. At day 19 of broiler age, the chicken was administered orally with traditional and prepared nanovaccines and the blood was collected for Ab titration at day 10(for maternal immunity), day 29 and day 42 of broiler age. At the end of experiment, whole blood was collected for WBCs and differential count and for INF-ã level. The results indicated that there were no significant (pe” 0.05) differences among experimental groups in WBCs count while there were significant p d”0.05) increase in lymphocyte count in G3 (NPs) in compared with G2( traditional vaccine). Also there was a significant (p d”0.05) increase in heterophil count in G4 (NPs + 160µg peptide) as compared to control. For Ab titration ,at day 29 , data indicated significant ( p d”0.05) increase in G3 and G7 as compared to G2 while at day 42, there was a significant ( p d”0.05) increase in each of G3,G4,G5 and G6 groups in compared to control and traditional vaccine. For INF-ã level, G4 recorded significantly (p d”0.05) the highest level as compared to other groups. These immunological responses were explored in order to evaluate the prepared nanovaccine for IBD in broiler.
Occurrence of the Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica Kerr.1792) and the Damage on Plantation Crops in the Nilambur Forest Divisions of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: Nair Riju P. , Jayson E. A.
Published: January 2020

The damage to coconut and rubber plantations by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Nilambur Forest Division, Malappuram District was reported for the first time. The objectives of this study were to document the mode of attack and estimate the extent of damage by Indian crested porcupine in the plantation crops of the forest fringes. The study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2016 as part of the documentation of human-wildlife conflict in Malappuram District. Stratified random sampling, along with quadrat (10 m x 10 m) method was used to assess the crop damage. Estimation of the economic loss to farmers was carried out by using the market price of the coconuts during the period, collected from the website of Farm Information Bureau, Govt. of Kerala. The mean economic loss of crops damaged by Indian crested porcupine was Rs.1322.35/- per ha/annum. The debarking behavior of Indian crested porcupine on coconut palms (n=31), rubber trees (n=27) and consumption of newly formed bamboo culms (n=42) were also reported. No one has implemented proper mitigation measures against the Indian crested porcupine in the District.
Reclaimation of Sodic Bore Well Water for Irrigation through Gypsum Treatment at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichirapalli District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pradeepa K , Lavanya G , Inbarasan S , Sherene T , Balasubramaniam P
Published: January 2020

It is necessary to ascertain the quality of irrigation water at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute farm in order to monitor the possible effects of the sodic irrigation water on the soil. Irrigation with sodic water enhances soil sodicity built up in soils of experimental farm which leads to adverse effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties, not fitted for farming. In areas where ground water is sodic and where good quality surface water supplies are either inadequate or not available at all and the farmers are left with no option but to use sodic ground water for irrigation purposes, which pose grave risks for soil health and environment. The quality of sodic water can be improved by treating with gypsum. Due to gypsum dissolution calcium and sulphate ions come in soluble form in irrigation water. Research conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute Trichy for reclamation of sodic bore well water revealed that the sodic bore water samples collected from bore well 1 (AMP shed) having initial Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) of 8.0 meq /lit and bore well 6 (Boys hostel) having initial RSC of 6.2 meq /lit indicated the decrease in RSC upto - 0.6 meq / l and 1.2 meq / l respectively due to gypsum treatment with 0.1 per cent (12.50 tons/ha) and 0.35 per cent ( 43.75 tons /ha ) at the retention time of 1 hour to irrigate 1 ha paddy field throughout crop establishment stage. It was concluded that for lowest retention time higher doses of gypsum was required for sodic water reclamation. As we increased the retention time, the required gypsum quantity was also minimized as observed for bore well 1 (AMP shed 8 meq/l)) sodic water samples with gypsum dose of 0.15 per cent (18.75 tons /ha) with the retention time of 4 hours. These findings were very much helpful for the farmers of Manikandam block, Tiruchirappallii district having secondary sodicity built up in soils due to sodic water irrigation during summer.
Effect of Land Configuration and Weed Management on Yield and Yield Attributes of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L)
Authors: Sharma S K , Kumar Amit , Singh Kuldeep , Sharma Naveen Kumar
Published: January 2020

To study the effect of land configuration and weed management on yield and yield attributes of green gram, a field experiment was conducted at Hisar during kharif 2016 in strip plot design with four replications. Ridge method of planting recorded significantly higher number of branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield in comparison to flat method of planting. Among the weed management practices, application of pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE fb imazethapyr 10 % SL @ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS recorded significantly higher number of branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, pods plant-1 and 100 seed weight compared to weedy check. Similarly the same treatment recorded higher yield to the tune of 236, 48 and 18 % over weedy check, pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE and Imazethapyr 10 % SL@ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, respectively. Highest net returns (` 24632/ha), BC ratio (2.15) and weed control efficiency (94 %) was also recorded when pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE fb imazethapyr 10 % SL @ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS of green gram crop was applied.
Physalis peruviana L.: Growth, Yield and Phytochemical Content- A Review
Authors: Dwi Yamika Wiwin Sumiya , Aini Nurul , Waluyo Budi
Published: January 2020

Physalis peruviana is one of the species in genus Physalis which is often cultivated in various regions including Indonesia. In Indonesia, P. peruviana is often called ciplukan. P. peruviana plants produce various phytochemical compounds which have benefical medicinal properties. P. peruviana plants have not been widely cultivated commercially as the information about cultivation practices of this plant are still limited. Many research activities have been done to study about its chemical and biological properties, but they are still not widely spread. Therefore, an effort has been made to compile the available inforamtion in this paper.
Crop Regulation in Guava: A Review
Authors: Kumari Anop , Choudhary Mahesh
Published: January 2020

Guava (Psidum guajava L) is one of the most promising fruit crops of India and is considered to be one of the exquisite nutritionally valuable and remunerative crops. In recent years guava is getting popularity in the international trade due to its nutritional value and processed products. It is hardy, prolific bearer and highly remunerative fruit crop. Its cultivation is done on the commercial scale. There are mainly three bahar season of the guava fruit viz., Ambe bahar, Mrig bahar and Hasth bahar. Continuous bearing results in reduction of yield with small size fruits. The heaviest flowering is observed in rainy season cropping, but, the fruits of this season crop are rough, insipid in taste, poor in quality, less nutritive and are heavily attacked by many insects, pests, and diseases. In order to overcome this problem and to force a full crop in any of the three seasons, as required by the grower and the traders, bahar treatment is practiced. The main objective of crop regulation is to force the tree for rest and produce profuse blossom and fruits during any one of the two or three flushes. The methods to be followed for crop regulation depend on climatic factors, cropping pattern, extend of the damage by the disease and pests, market and industry demand, cultivar, etc. Crop regulation is achieved by the various techniques like water management to induce stress, pruning of shoots and roots at different levels and at different times, training of shoots and manual or chemical thinning of flowers.
Genetic Parameters and Animal Model Evaluation of First Lactation 305-d Milk Yield and Energy Traits in Karan Fries Cattle
Authors: Singh Arun Pratap , Chakravarty A K , Mir Mohsin Ayoub , Arya Ashwani
Published: January 2020

First lactation records of 351 Karan-Fries cows born to 27 bulls, having 3 or more progeny were used to evaluate sires by animal model (AM). Heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations between the traits were estimated by univariate and bivariate linear animal models. The heritability estimates for 305 days or less milk yield (305MY), fat based energy corrected milk yield (FECMY), fat protein based energy corrected milk yield (FPECMY) and fat protein lactose based energy corrected milk yield (FPLECMY) were 0.23, 0.65, 0.11 and 0.39, respectively. There was a high (0.99) genetic and phenotypic correlation between 305MY, FECMY and FPLECMY. The high and positive genetic correlations between energy traits are indication of common genetic and physiological mechanism governing these traits. Comparison of ranks of the sires based on 305MY, FECMY and FPLECMY by animal model depicted a notable100 per cent level of similarity except for FPECMY in which the ranks were entirely different. There was a high heritability and genetic correlation between FECM and FPLECM. Genetic evaluation of Karan-Fries bulls based on energy corrected milk yield will increase the accuracy of selection than the conventional mil yield evaluation. It can help in mitigating the nutritional insecurity of the country in the long run.
Innovative Studies on “Analogue Shrimp Products” from Lizard Fish Using 3D Printing
Authors: Hema K , Velayutham P , Mohan C O , Sukumar D , Sundaramoorthy B , Athithan S , Sugumar G , Ravishankar C N , Kumar K Ashok
Published: January 2020

An attempt was made to explore the possibilities of better utilization of Lizard fish (Saurida tumbil) for the development of valuable imitation shrimp products. Minced meat, surimi and imitation shrimp products were prepared from Lizard fish. The aluminum and polylactic acid shrimp moulds were developed and to produce the imitation shrimp products. In the present study, the imitated shrimp products was observed for the wholesomeness.
Clinical and Radiographic Effects of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Along with Local Insulin Therapy in Healing of Segmental Bone Defect in Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: Jaiswal Sonu , Jadon Narendra Singh , Bodh Deepti , Vishwakarma R K
Published: January 2020

The objective of present study was to investigate the efficacy of cultured allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSCs) implant with insulin therapy for increasing osteosynthesis in bone gap defects in diabetic rabbits. Thirty six, clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups: A, B, C and D. Diabetes was induced experimentally in all rabbits, except group A. A 5 mm bone defect was created in right radii of all rabbits and following treatment was given: hydroxyapatite granules (group A and B), hydroxyapatite granules and insulin therapy (group C), cultured allogenic BMMSCs in hydroxyapatite scaffold and insulin therapy (group D). Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at days 0, 30, 60 and 90. It may be conducted that cultured allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in hydroxyapatite scaffold along with local insulin therapy produces faster and better healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits compared to healthy control, untreated diabetic and local insulin treated groups.
Profiling the Seed Storage Protein Among Different Genotypes of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek)
Authors: . Nisha , Khati Priyanka , Rao P B
Published: January 2020

A qualitative as well as quantitative categorization of seed storage proteins profiles of 23 genotypes of Trigonella foenum- graecum L. were performed by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for exploring the level of genetic discrepancy at seed storage protein level. Total soluble proteins were resolved on 10% resolving gel. A dendrogram was constructed on the basis of weight of seed storage proteins, which divide total genotypes into two groups further classified into different sub groups containing different genotypes in them. The bands obtained from gel electrophoresis can serve as a potent tool in discrimination of different genotypes on the basis of their protein content. Proteins with molecular weight 66, 43 and 35 kDa were found in all the genotypes except Fgk-76, PR, Rmt-303, PEB and Rmt-361, The 43 kDa protein band was found missing in Fgk-67, AFg-2, AM-2, AFg-4, Fgk-73, although the protein with 35 kDa weight was present in all the genotypes but not in Rmt-303 same as 63 kDa which is not present in Fgk-70 and 55 kDa protein band was found missing in Fgk-67, Afg-4 and Rmt-361.
Do years of teaching experience make a difference for teachers working in Abu Dhabi government schools?
Authors: Dickson Martina , McMinn Melissa , Kadbey Hanadi
Published: January 2020

In Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, subject teachers of English medium in government schools are recruited from overseas and have a wide range of years of teaching experience. Research is divided into whether or not years of experience necessarily translates into a positive correlation with student-centred classroom practice such as the use of hands-on learning and inquiry-based approaches to learning in science. Abu Dhabi is in the process of dramatically overturning its education system, resulting in at times challenging teaching environments. Teachers working here are in the unique situation of being part of a rapidly developing education system and face similar challenges regardless of their years of experiences. This study surveys 249 expatriate English medium teachers to explore how their number of years of experience varies with their classroom practice, teaching beliefs and confidence levels. Although teachers with more experience were far more likely to express confidence in their own abilities (self-efficacies), we found the classroom practices of those between five and ten years of experience aligned most closely with inquiry-based, student-centred learning approaches applied in Abu Dhabi classrooms.

Keywords: Yearsâ€™ teaching experience, classroom practice, reform.
The perceptions of the students about the English Language Test implemented as a component of university entrance exam
Authors: Gunes Sevim
Published: January 2020

This study aims to reveal studentsâ€™ perceptions about the Foreign (English) Language Test implemented as a component of University Entrance Exam. There were two groups as the participants of the study: the first group included pre-service English teachers studying in the English language teaching (ELT) Department and the second group consisted of cram school students preparing for the English Language Test. A questionnaire was implemented to both groups in order to reveal their perceptions about the English Language Test. The data derived from the questionnaires were analysed in a descriptive way through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and the results were presented in a comparative manner. The results revealed that the rate of pre-service English teachers who think that English Language Test should include all of the language skills is higher than the rate of cram school students. In addition to that most of the pre-service English teachers are not pleased with the content of the test as they have faced with the problems related to the language skills after the onset of studying in ELT Department.

Keywords: Studentsâ€™ perceptions, education policy, English language test.
An examination of high school students’ social skill levels according to participation in musical activities
Authors: Aydin Bahar
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the social skill levels of high school students according to their participation in musical activities. Social skills are important in all stages of an individual’s development, but due to physical and mental changes in high school years when adolescence is intensely experienced, the individual may have problems in adapting to the environment and expressing herself/himself. This study group consisted of 258 students from different types of high schools. In this research, the screening model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. In this study, Social Skills Inventory, which was developed by Riggio (1986) and adapted to Turkish by Yuksel (1997), is used. According to the results of this research; female students’ emotional sensitivity, emotional expressivity and social control scores were significantly higher than that of male students, and male students' emotional control scores were significantly higher than that of female students; it was also found that the total social skill scores, social sensitivity scores, emotional sensitivity and social expressivity scores of the students playing instruments were significantly higher than those who did not play; it was also observed that emotional expressivity scores of the choir group were significantly higher than the students singing solo or taking part in an orchestra. According to these results, it can be found that music contributed positively to the increase of social skills of high school students who are exposed to some problems due to adolescence during high school.
Keywords: Adolescents, music, music education, social skills
Analysis Of Fraud On A Chinese Business Review Website
Authors: Li Wei , Kwak Jin Kyung
Published: January 2020

Recently, local business-review websites have gained popularity, but the problem of fraud has become more and more severe. We did research based on the biggest Chinese local business-review website: Dazhongdianping. We collected 792,364 reviews of every registered restaurant on the Dazhongdianping website in Hangzhou, and our findings include:1. Compared with US businesses Luca and Zervas (2016) who give both unfavorable reviews to their competitors and favorable reviews to their own business, Chinese businesses focus only on the latter, perhaps because of the differences in business ethics between the two countries.2. Review frauds have a close relationship with the user’s social network. Users with many followers and higher interaction scores are always more powerful than other users, and they also have reasonable incentives to commit fraud. We found that these users are more likely to post fake reviews.3. Finer restaurants are less likely to commit review fraud.
Epatite autoimmune in paziente con infezione da HIV: descrizione di un caso clinico.
Authors: M Trizzino , al. et
Published: January 2020

L’ipertransaminasemia nei pazienti con infezione da HIV è più comunemente riconducibile a cause virali, infezioni opportunistiche, steatosi epatica o danno indotto dai farmaci. L'epatite autoimmune (AIH) è riportata in letteratura come evento alquanto raro in questa tipologia di pazienti. L'AIH è caratterizzata dalla presenza di autoanticorpi circolanti, aumento delle gammaglobuline, risposta alla terapia steroidea e da un punto di vista istologico dalla presenza di epatite da interfaccia, infiltrato infiammatorio prevalentemente linfomonocitario e formazione di rosette. La terapia immunosoppressiva appare sicura nei pazienti HIV con AIH. Il nostro caso clinico riguarda un uomo africano di 41 anni, con infezione da HIV nota da diversi anni in terapia antiretrovirale, che clinicamente si presenta con un quadro di dolore addominale, astenia e ipertransaminasemia.
NEW DATA ON THE DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS EXHIBITED BY THE POPULATION OF THE KULAYKA CULTURE IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK OB AREA
Authors: Kishkurno M.S. , Sleptsova A.V.
Published: January 2020

The article covers the results of a study on the odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground (3rd–2nd centuries BC). In this work, we set out to study the genesis of the Kulay population of the Early Iron Age in the Novosibirsk Ob area. The main relations of the population with the groups of adjacent territories, as well as the nature of their interaction with the local groups, were determined. The odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground includes the teeth of 24 individuals: 12 males, 6 females and 10 adult individuals whose gender could not be determined. The anthropological materials were examined according to a standard procedure, which involves the description of the tooth crown morphology considering the archaic features of the dental morphology. Also, an intergroup comparative analysis was performed via the method of the principal component analysis using the program STATISTICA version 10.0. It was established that the dental characteristics exhibited by the Kulayka population reveal signs of mixed European-Mongoloid formation with a significant predominance of the Eastern component. We compared the morphological characteristics of the sample with data obtained for the populations of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The intergroup comparison revealed the closest connection between the Bolshaya Rechka culture and the Kulayka group. The studied material provides anthropological confirmation of the interaction between Kulayka (taiga) and Bolshaya Rechka traditions (steppe), drawing on the data about the burial rite and ceramic complexes. The comparison of the Kulayka series with Bronze Age samples suggests that the forest-steppe populations occupying the territories of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Ob and the Ob-Irtysh areas had no effect on the genesis of the Kulayka population. We suppose that the origins of the Kulayka population in the Novosibirsk Ob area should be traced to the populations from the West Siberian taiga of the Bronze Age, which is significantly complicated by the lack of sufficiently complete and representative series dating back to the specified period from the territory of the Middle Ob area. Further accumulation of anthropological material from the Middle Ob area will provide the opportunity to trace the genesis of taiga populations of the Early Iron Age.
EXCAVATION SITE IN OKTYABRSKAYA STREET (TOBOLSK)
Authors: Matveev A.V. , Anoshko O.M.
Published: January 2020

The article gives a historical interpretation of a stakewall with an underground passageway found in the cen-tral part of the upper posad drawing on the materials from the excavation site in Oktyabrskaya Street (204 m2). The thick log wall consisted of vertical posts erected at the bottom of a specially dug ditch. The underground pas-sageway constituted a manway, starting on one side of the stakewall and ending on the other. Its ceiling and walls were covered with planks supported by low half-logs, thick planks and small logs. The plank ceiling of the under-ground tunnel was just below the base of the log wall, with the horizontal adit being so small that one could only crawl through it. In order to determine the absolute age of the stakewall, we carried out the dendrochronological and radiocarbon studies of its logs. For the purpose of identifying this object with one of those mentioned in writ-ten sources, we reconstructed the history of fortification construction and localisation by performing a detailed analysis of historical data and all known plans of the city. As a result, it was established that the wall found during the excavation in terms of its location and orientation better correlates with the building shown on S.U. Remezov’s plans, which was located in the central part of Trinity Cape and surrounded by a rectangular stakewall, rather than with the posad fortifications. On the plans of 1687 and 1688 from the Chorographic Drawing Book, the object in question was captioned as ‘prison’ and ‘prison yard’. This assumption allows us to date the log wall discovered in Oktyabrskaya Street at 1687, or, quite possibly, at an earlier time. This prison yard fence could be used after 1714 and, judging by the stratigraphic and planigraphic observations made at the excavation site in Oktyabrskaya Street, until the period of stone construction in the upper posad.
Калибровка параметров модели навигационных приборов на базе волоконно-оптических гироскопов
Authors: Лихачев Владимир Николаевич , Likhachev Vladimir Nikolaevich , Трифонов Олег Всеволодович , Trifonov Oleg Vsevolodovich , Ярошевский Виктор Семенович , Yaroshevsky Victor Semenovich
Published: January 2020

Особенности навигационных приборов на базе волоконно-оптических гироскопов порождают проблемы в их практическом применении и требуют проведения калибровки перед использованием. В процессе калибровки выполняется последовательность управлений двигателями малой тяги космического аппарата. Приведены алгоритмы накопления и обработки информации бесплатформенных инерциальных блоков на базе волоконно-оптических гироскопов и блоков определения координат звeзд. Алгоритмы калибровки модифицированы с целью экономии памяти бортового компьютера и учитывают временные ограничения исполнения программы. Создан программно-алгоритмический комплекс для моделирования калибровки. Приведены результаты моделирования, которые показали эффективность предложенных решений.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Kelurahan Tanah 600, Medan
Authors: Karo-Karo Ulina
Published: January 2020

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) tidak hanya sebagai bumbu masakan dan obat, tetapi jika ditekuni dengan sepenuh hati akan memberi nilai kepuasan, bahkan sebagai penopang kehidupan. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode ‘Individual’s life history’ pada satu keluarga yang telah memanfaatkan tanaman obat sejak lama di Tanah 600 Kecamatan Medan Marelan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengalaman satu keluarga yang berhasil memanfaatkan tanaman obat keluarga sebagai sumber pendapatan keluarga. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode Februari-April 2009. Informan adalah Mak Intan, dilengkapi dengan keterangan suami, anak, menantu dan orang lain yang mengenal Mak Intan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik ‘on going analysis’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan TOGA memerlukan pengetahuan, perjuangan untuk mengembangkan TOGA dan keinginan-keinginan. Pengetahuan diperoleh tidak hanya dari warisan keluarga dan membaca tetapi dapat ditingkatkan dengan adanya pujian dan jalinan kerja, baik dengan Dinas Kesehatan atau teman seprofesi. Perjuangan pengembangan TOGA dimulai dengan tahap jamu gendong, mengikuti pameran, dan pembuatan jamu instan. Pemanfaatan TOGA akan memberikan nilai ekonomis, nilai keindahan, dan nilai kepuasan.Kata kunci: Tanaman obat keluarga, pemanfaatan, pengobatan, pengembangan usahaAbstractFamily Crops Medicine (TOGA) is used as culinary spices and medicine, at present it also can be utilized as earnings. If learned seriously, it also gives a satisfactory value. This study is a qualitative research using ‘individual’s life history’ method. Family utilized TOGA for long time in tanah 600 District Marelan Medan was selected. The aim of this study is to know the experience of a family that successfully utilized TOGA as a health treatment and family earnings. Data was collected by observation and in-depth interviews. Research was conducted during February to April 2009. Informant is an old woman called mak Intan. Information from her husband, son in law and anyone knowing mak Intan were also obtained. Data was analyzed by “ongoing analysis” technique. The result indicates that TOGA utilization requires knowledge and strong willingness to develop TOGA. The knowledge is not only obtained from family legacy and readings, but also cooperated with health district office or colleagues. The struggle to develop TOGA is started from backpacking herbal medicine, attending exhibition and making instant herbal medicine. Utilization of TOGA will provide economic, esthetic and satisfactory values.Key words : Family corps medicine, utilization, treatment, development
Impact of Asphaltenes on Contact-Angle Variations and Surface Topography and Composition
Authors: Ratnakar Ram R. , Mantilla Cesar A. , Dindoruk Birol
Published: January 2020

The asphaltene precipitation affects the rock/fluid interaction in a live-oil reservoir, which has a significant effect on oil recovery and flow in the production network. In this work, we examine the changes in interfacial properties (such as contact angle between the live-oil, brine, and quartz system) as well as surface topography and compositions caused by asphaltene precipitations that are related to pressure-depletion processes.

The experimental method is based on the pendant-drop-shape method using a high-resolution camera for quantitative image analysis and a high-resolution digital-pressure transducer in a high-pressure high-temperature fluid cell. The contact angle with quartz was measured in the presence of deionized water as the surrounding medium at isothermal condition. The experiments were conducted in a pressure-depletion fashion, where pressure is decreased in steps capturing the asphaltene onset pressure (AOP). At each pressure stage, sufficient time was given to stabilize the contact angle.

The transient experimental contact-angle data for a system containing a live oil, brine, and quartz is presented. In particular, we

Show that the time of stabilization and contact angle decreases at sequential pressure steps, except near the vicinity of AOP where they have a sharp jump signifying the effect of asphaltene precipitation Use the solubility-parameter approach for asphaltene modeling to predict asphaltene precipitation from live oil at pressures between the saturation point and AOP Relate the amount of precipitation with change in interfacial properties, such as interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle Use image-analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the topography and composition of the quartz surface after asphaltene deposition to supplement our observation

Despite that asphaltene effects on wettability alteration have been proposed, this is the first experimental evidence that pressure-depletion-driven asphaltene precipitation alters the contact angle at realistic reservoir conditions (high-pressure high-temperature live oils). These data can be used as a basis to establish the benchmark data, model calibration for managing and preventing remediation asphaltene problems, and to design the proper facility and operating conditions for efficient recovery and operational processes.
Water-Based Drilling Fluid Containing Bentonite/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite for Ultrahigh-Temperature Ultradeep Drilling and Its Field Performance
Authors: Liu Jingping , Dai Zhiwen , Xu Ke , Yang Yuping , Lv Kaihe , Huang Xianbin , Sun Jinsheng
Published: January 2020

The rapidly increasing global oil/gas demand and gradual depletion of shallow reservoirs require the development of deep oil/gas reservoirs and geothermal reservoirs. However, deep drilling suffers from drilling-fluid failures under ultrahigh temperature, which cause serious accidents such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, and even blowouts. In this study, we revealed the role of polymeric additives in improving the ultrahigh-temperature tolerance of bentonite-based drilling fluids, aiming to provide practical and efficient solutions to the failure of drilling fluids in severe conditions. By adding poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to the original drilling fluid containing bentonite, significant fluid loss—as a consequence of bentonite-particle flocculation causing drilling-fluid shear-stress reduction and high-permeability mud—is successfully suppressed even at temperature as high as 200°C. This drilling fluid containing PSS was applied in the drilling of high-temperature deep wells in Xinjiang province, China, and exhibited high effectiveness in controlling accidents including overflow and leakage.

NOTE: A supplementary file is available in the Supporting Information section.
Biomechanical evaluation of strategies for adjacent segment disease after lateral lumbar interbody fusion: is the extension of pedicle screws necessary?
Authors: Liang Ziyang , Cui Jianchao , Zhang Jiarui , He Jiahui , Tang Jingjing , Ren Hui , Ye Linqiang , Liang De , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: January 2020

Background: Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a well-known complication after interbody fusion. Pedicle screw-rod revision possesses sufficient strength and rigidity. However, is a surgical segment with rigid fixation necessary for ASD reoperation? This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effect of different instrumentation on lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for ASD treatment.
Methods: A validated L2~5 finite element (FE) model was modified for simulation. ASD was considered the level cranial to the upper-instrumented segment (L3/4). Bone graft fusion in LLIF with bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) fixation occurred at L4/5. The ASD segment for each group underwent a) LLIF + posterior extension of BPS, b) PLIF + posterior extension of BPS, c) LLIF + lateral screw, and d) stand-alone LLIF. The L3/4 range of motion (ROM), interbody cage stress and strain, screw-bone interface stress, cage-endplate interface stress, and L2/3 nucleus pulposus of intradiscal pressure (NP-IDP) analysis were calculated for comparisons among the four models.
Results: All reconstructive models displayed decreased motion at L3/4. Under each loading condition, the difference was not significant between models a and b, which provided the maximum ROM reduction (73.8% to 97.7% and 68.3% to 98.4%, respectively). Model c also provided a significant ROM reduction (64.9% to 77.5%). Model d provided a minimal restriction of the ROM (18.3% to 90.1%), which exceeded that of model a by 13.1 times for flexion-extension, 10.3 times for lateral bending and 4.8 times for rotation. Model b generated greater cage stress than other models, particularly for flexion. The maximum displacement of the cage and the peak stress of the cage-endplate interface were found to be the highest in model d under all loading conditions. For the screw-bone interface, the stress was much greater with lateral instrumentation than with posterior instrumentation.
Conclusions: Stand-alone LLIF is likely to have limited stability, particularly for lateral bending and axial rotation. Posterior extension of BPS can provide reliable stability and excellent protective effects on instrumentation and endplates. However, LLIF with the use of an in situ screw may be an alternative for ASD reoperation.
FGF21 Attenuates Neurodegeneration though Modulating Neuroinflammation and Oxidant-stress
Authors: Kang Kai , Xu Pengfei , Wang Mengxia , Chunyu Jian , Sun Xu , Ren Guiping , Xiao Wei , li deshan
Published: January 2020

Background
It is reported that FGF21 can repair nerve injury, but the specific mechanism is less studied. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FGF21 on neurodegeneration and possible mechanisms of the aging and diabetic mice, which were susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods
The diabetic mice and aging mice were used to study the effects of FGF21 on neurodegeneration and possible mechanisms. These mice were administrated with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for 4 or 6 months. Then the mechanism was verified in SH-SY5Y cells. The relative gene expressions for neurodegeneration were assessed by Quantitative Real Time-PCR, Western blot and others.
Results
FGF21 inhibited the loss of nerve cells and intracellular edema around hippocampus in diabetic mice and aging mice. In vivo results revealed that administration of FGF21 led to suppress the aggregation of Tau and β-Amyloid 1-42 , which resulted in apoptosis in nerve cells. Meanwhile, FGF21 significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB, IL6 and IL8 (p<0.05) and enhanced anti-oxidant enzymes (p<0.05) in diabetic mice. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT and AMPKα was increased by FGF21 treated in diabetic mice, which were considered as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant stress pathway. The relative gene expressions of neurodegeneration were also demonstrated in aging mice, which showed similar trends with diabetic mice. In vitro experiment showed that the aggregation of Tau and β-Amyloid 1-42 was increased by LPS in SH-SY5Y cells, and FGF21 inhibited the aggregation.
Conclusion
As shown above, FGF21 attenuated neurodegeneration by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidant stress though regulating the NF-κB pathway and AMPKα/AKT pathway, which enhanced the protective effect on mitochondria in nerve cells.
Key words : FGF21, diabetes, neurodegeneration, inflammation, oxidant stress.