bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new infaunal species of the genus Enosteoides Johnson, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Okinawa, southwestern Japan
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI , NAKAJIMA HIROKI , HAMAMOTO KOHEI
Published: September 2022

A new porcellanid species of the genus Enosteoides Johnson, 1970 is described on the basis of a single specimen collected from the burrow of an unidentified snapping shrimp of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798, on the subtidal coarse sediment in Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Enosteoides lapis n. sp. is similar to E. melissa (Miyake, 1942) and E. philippinensis Dolorosa & Werding, 2014 in the general morphology of the frontal region of the carapace, third thoracic sternite, and ambulatory legs, but is distinguished from both by the dorsal surface of the carapace being more strongly uneven, as well as by the absence of dense plumose setae on the lateral margins of the carapace, anterodorsal surfaces of the chelae, and anterior and posterior margins of the ambulatory meri.
Taxonomic changes to the Neotropical species of the genus Habroscelimorpha (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: DURAN DANIEL P.
Published: September 2022

The taxonomy of the tiger beetle genus Habroscelimorpha Dokhtouroff, 1883 is revised based on morphology, ecology, and molecular phylogenetics. Recently, nine Nearctic species of Habroscelimorpha were transferred to Eunota Rivalier, 1954 based on the same data types, but the Neotropical species have not been formally evaluated until the present publication. Herein I propose five new combinations based on a plurality of data, including morphological traits, ecology, and the topologies of three prior molecular studies, each based on three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S, COX3 and CytB): Eunota auraria (Klug, 1834) new combination, Eunota boops (Dejean, 1831) new combination, Eunota euryscopa (Bates, 1890) new combination, Eunota wellingi (Cassola and Sawada, 1990) new combination, Microthylax schwarzi (W. Horn, 1923) new combination.
The Bully-Victim Overlap and Vaping Activity Among Adolescents
Authors: Boccio Cashen M. , Leal Wanda E.
Published: September 2022

Previous research links substance use with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. Limited research, however, has explored how vaping, is related to bullying activities. What limited research has been conducted links vaping with bullying victimization in some samples. However, the relationship between vaping and the victim-offender overlap is extremely limited. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between nicotine and marijuana vaping and bullying perpetration and victimization both in-person and online. In addition, we explore the relationship between vaping and holding bully-victim status. Our results suggest that marijuana vaping is associated with in-person bullying and nicotine vaping is associated with many facets of both in-person and cyber bullying experiences.
Investigation of inflammation-related parameters in patients with candidemia hospitalized in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tunay Burcu , Aydin Selda
Published: September 2022

Background

Candidemia is the most common invasive fungal disease in intensive care units (ICUs).

Objective

We aimed to investigate cases of candidemia infection developing in the ICU and factors associated with mortality due to this infection.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective study including patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital ICU between January 2012 and December 2020. Patients over 18 years of age who had candida growth in at least one blood culture taken from central or peripheral samples (>48 h after admission to the ICU) without concurrent growth were evaluated.

Results

The study group consisted of 136 patients with candida. Eighty-seven (63.97%) patients were male, with a median age of 69.5 (59–76.5) years. The 7-day mortality rate was 35.29%, while the 30-day mortality rate was 69.11%. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age and malignancy, high APACHE II score and low platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) - were found to be significant factors in predicting both 7-day and 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

In this study, PLR and APACHE II scores were shown to be independent predictors of mortality in patients with candidemia in the ICU.
Established Tables and Emergent Huddles: Exploring the Processes of Participation Associated With the Policy Changes to Opioid Pharmacotherapy Treatment in Australia in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Mellor Richard , Kearnes Matthew , Lancaster Kari , McLauchlan Laura , Ritter Alison
Published: September 2022

In this paper we document and analyze emergent participatory processes in drug policy, focusing on the relations between established modes of engagement and emergent participatory formats. We do this through analysis of a case example, attending to policy changes to opioid pharmacotherapy treatment in the context of COVID-19 in Australia. Semistructured interviews ( n = 22) were undertaken between August 2020 and March 2021 with people closely involved in the recent policy changes and discussions surrounding opioid pharmacotherapy treatment in Australia. The analysis of the interview accounts followed work which has forged relational, co-productionist and materialist understandings of participation. Two figures of participation were encountered in the interview accounts: the tables of participation and the huddles of participation. The tables seemingly represented a standardized set of bureaucratic mechanisms for the inclusion of the “voices” of people who use drugs. The huddles emerged as a responsive and less coherent set of ad hoc participatory collectives in the context of rapid policy changes during COVID-19. Instead of viewing emergence as distinct from existing participatory formats, emergence was conceptualized ecologically in this article—that is in relation to established forms of participation. As the institutionally mandated tables served the basis for the emergent huddles of participation in this case study, it demonstrates that even the most foreclosed participatory structures can adapt and be responsive to evolving situations of need, perhaps also in ordinary times and not just in emergency conditions.
Greater Palatine Canal: Computed Tomography-Based Anatomic Analysis And Clinical Significance for the Sinus and Skull Base Surgeon
Authors: Machado André , Simmen Daniel , Schuknecht Bernhard , Briner Hans Rudolf
Published: September 2022

Objective

Our aim is to describe the location and course of the greater palatine canal (GPC) by analyzing its relationship with anatomical landmarks that can be used during endoscopic sinus surgery. This information might help prevent injury to the neurovascular bundle.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of paranasal sinus CT scans of 100 consecutive random patients, 200 sides, was performed. Five measurements related to the course of the GPC were conducted, from cranial to caudal. The anatomical landmarks were the inferior bony border of the sphenopalatine foramen to the cranial entrance of the GPC, the distance from the most dorsal, and inferior bony insertion of the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate bones to the anterior margin of the GPC. The angle between the horizontal palatine bone and the GPC, its length, and the prevalence of osteophytes in GPC was also assessed.

Results

The mean distance of the inferior border of the sphenopalatine foramen to the cranial entrance of the GPC was 9.39 ± 1.72 mm. The mean distance of the dorsal insertion of the middle turbinate to the anterior margin of the GPC was 3.89 ± 0.93 mm. The distance of the dorsal insertion of the inferior turbinate to the anterior margin of the GPC was 3.16 ± 0.81 mm. The mean angle between the horizontal palatine bone and the GPC was 114.33 ± 10.92º and the mean length of the GPC was 30.23 ± 3.74 mm. None of the measurements showed a significant difference between the two sides.

Conclusions

The landmarks used are easy to locate and assess on CT scans. These findings may help to make dissection safer in pathologies related to the pterygopalatine fossa, lateral sphenoid sinus or adjacent skull base.
A Longitudinal Model of School Climate, Social Justice Orientation, and Academic Outcomes among Latina/o Students
Authors: Pérez-Gualdrón Leyla , Helms Janet E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Social justice orientation (SJO) is the motivation to promote justice and equity among all in society. Researchers argue that students of Color with high SJO can resist structural racism in their schools/society and have positive academic outcomes.

Purpose

In the present study, a longitudinal model of cultural and environmental predictors (i.e., school relational climate, school language climate, Spanish language background, and English proficiency) and civic/educational outcomes (i.e., community engagement, grades, school engagement, school dropout) of SJO among Latina/o youths was developed and tested.

Participants

The study was conducted with a subsample of Latinas/os taken from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Participants were enrolled in eighth grade (N = 1,472), sampled from different schools and regions in the U.S., and followed through three waves of data collection from 8th through 12th grade.

Research Design

A longitudinal, correlational design was used to explore the association among the constructs studied.

Data Collection and Analysis

Secondary data analyses were conducted. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze the data.

Results

Early school relational climate (8th grade) was a positive predictor of SJO, which in turn predicted more community and school engagement, higher grades, and decreased likelihood of dropping out of school (12th grade) via personal agency. In addition, school language climate and language skills predicted a greater sense of personal agency, which in turn predicted higher grades and a decreased likelihood of dropping out.

Conclusions

The results of the present study underscore the importance of strengths-based and cultural approaches in education in a sample of Latina/o students. Specifically, close attention should be paid to school cultural climate variables in which positive relational climates and cultural language climates are addressed in schools. The integration of sociopolitical context, critical consciousness, and SJO may be key factors in improving the educational and counseling experiences of Latina/o youths.
Teacher Advice-Seeking: Relating Centrality and Expertise in Middle School Mathematics Social Networks
Authors: Berebitsky Dan , Andrews-Larson Christine
Published: September 2022

Background/Context

Teachers’ relationships with principals, instructional coaches, and other teachers have important implications for the improvement of their instructional practice and student learning. In particular, teachers who access content-specific instructional expertise through their social networks are more likely to exhibit and sustain evidence of instructional improvement; teachers who seek advice from colleagues with knowledge of both content and pedagogy have evidenced growth in their own knowledge and improved classroom instructional practice.

Purpose/Objective

In this paper, we extend the literature by examining how formal role relates to the relationship between expertise and advice-seeking in the context of urban middle school mathematics teachers’ social networks. Specifically, we first explore how network centrality varies across formal role group (i.e., teacher, instructional coach, and principal/assistant principal), and second, we investigate how centrality relates to expertise within each formal role group.

Research Design

We draw on a variety of data sources taken from a 4-year observational study of a sample of 30 schools and 533 teachers, coaches, and administrators in four large urban school districts. In particular, we rely on data from a network survey to document teachers’ advice-seeking behaviors, and we draw on the broader data set to document formal role and measures of expertise within each role group.

Findings/Results

The main findings are: (a) coaches were significantly more central than teachers, who are significantly more central than administrators; (b) teachers with greater expertise were more central; (c) while coach expertise was not related to centrality, teachers were more likely to nominate a coach if they perceived the coach to have expertise and be evaluative; and (d) administrators were rarely nominated.

Conclusions/Recommendations

Findings indicate that teachers are accessing information from those with expertise and experience, which suggests that advice-seeking among teachers may be self optimizing. Furthermore, teachers’ advice-seeking seems to be shaped both by their efforts to access expertise and in response to accountability pressures. This calls for caution against the misalignment of formal role and expertise. Our findings suggest that those in a social network whose social status is elevated to the formal role of coach are more sought out for advice, particularly if they are perceived to have evaluative power. This can inform what administrators can expect of teachers’ informal advice-seeking as well as how advice-seeking patterns are likely to shift if a teacher is made a coach.
Trauma and digital media: Introduction to crosscurrents special section
Authors: Pinchevski Amit , Richardson Michael
Published: September 2022

Associations between trauma and media theory are longstanding, going back at least to Walter Benjamin’s observations on technology and modernity, which were themselves informed by Freud’s 1920 speculations on war trauma following WWI. A century later, and in the wake of numerous conflicts, catastrophes, and far-reaching technological transformations—and of course the COVID pandemic—it is time to reconsider the relation between trauma and media, digital platforms in particular. While some significant scholarship has noted the intersections of modern media technologies such as photography, film, radio, television, and recently digital and algorithmic media, with the conception and experience of trauma, a more systematic theoretical consideration of the relation between media and trauma remains to be developed. And with the intensifying reliance on new and old media in these pandemic times the question of these relations is increasingly urgent. Moving beyond conceptions of media as representing or inducing trauma, this special section of Crosscurrents explores how (digital) media and trauma shape one another.
How best to capture the impact of complementary therapies in palliative care: A systematic review to identify and assess the appropriateness and validity of multi-domain tools
Authors: Mitchinson Lucy , Chu Christina , Bruun Andrea , Sisk Ali-Rose , Armstrong Megan , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Kupeli Nuriye , Candy Bridget , Stone Patrick
Published: September 2022

Background:

Complementary therapies are widely used in palliative care settings. Qualitative research found that people with advanced disease report a range of physical and psychological benefits from complementary therapies, however evidence of their effectiveness from clinical trials is inconclusive. This may be because trials are limited by use of inappropriate outcome measures.

Aims:

To identify tools which capture the impact of massage, reflexology and aromatherapy in people with advanced disease. We (1) identified multi-domain tools used to evaluate these therapies in populations with any chronic health condition and (2) assessed whether tools were valid and psychometrically robust in populations with advanced disease.

Design:

A two-stage systematic review was conducted using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42020161199).

Data sources:

Six databases were searched (August 2021). Study methodological quality, tool psychometric properties and evidence quality were assessed. A global comparison score was generated.

Results:

Stage 1: 66 trials using 40 different multi-domain tools were identified. Stage 2: Of these tools, we identified papers for seven tools regarding development or validation in advanced disease populations. The majority of psychometric data were inconsistent or inconclusive. Data were mostly of low quality due to methodological issues.

Conclusion:

Of the tools identified, ‘Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General’ appears to be the most suitable alternative tool against COMSIN criteria, for trials of massage, reflexology and aromatherapy in palliative care. Further tool validation is required before firm recommendations can be made. Co-development of a core outcome set could ensure relevant domains are assessed.
Increased rates of brain protein synthesis during [N1,N2] sleep: L-[1-11C]leucine PET studies in human subjects
Authors: Picchioni Dante , Schmidt Kathleen C , Loutaev Inna , Pavletic Adriana J , Sheeler Carrie , Bishu Shrinivas , Balkin Thomas J , Smith Carolyn B
Published: September 2022

During sleep, reduced brain energy demands provide an opportunity for biosynthetic processes like protein synthesis. Sleep is required for some forms of memory consolidation which requires de novo protein synthesis. We measured regional cerebral protein synthesis rates (rCPS) in human subjects to ascertain how rCPS is affected during sleep. Subjects underwent three consecutive L-[1-11C]leucine PET scans with simultaneous polysomnography: 1. rested awake, 2. sleep-deprived awake, 3. sleep. Measured rCPS were similar across the three conditions. Variations in sleep stage times during sleep scans were used to estimate rCPS in sleep stages under the assumption that measured rCPS is the weighted sum of rCPS in each stage, with weights reflecting time and availability of [11C]leucine in that stage. During sleep scans, subjects spent most of the time in N2, N3, and awake and very little time in N1 and REM; rCPS in N1 and REM could not be reliably estimated. When stages N1 and N2 were combined [N1,N2], estimates of rCPS were more robust. In selective regions, estimated rCPS were statistically significantly higher (30–39%) in [N1,N2] compared with N3; estimated rCPS in N3 were similar to values measured in sleep-deprived awake scans. Results indicate increased rates of protein synthesis linked to [N1,N2] sleep.
Zhuangzi's Ethics: A Reading of “In the Human World”
Authors: Yun Zou
Published: September 2022

This brief essay aims to interpret the fourth chapter “In the Human World” of Zhuangzi by analyzing the seven fables in philosophical terms. The seven fables can be divided into two groups: the first three are concerned with how to be useful (youyong zhi yong 有用之用); the following four with “the use of the useless” (wuyong zhi yong 无用之用). From those two groups of fables, two different ways of life are identified in relation to the world. Zhuangzi's choice between them can be revealed in light of his art of speaking.
How Multidimensional is Computational Thinking Competency? A Bi-Factor Model of the Computational Thinking Challenge
Authors: Lai Rina PY , Ellefson Michelle R
Published: September 2022

Computational thinking (CT) is an emerging and multifaceted competence important to the computing era. However, despite the growing consensus that CT is a competence domain, its theoretical and empirical account remain scarce in the current literature. To address this issue, rigorous psychometric evaluation procedures were adopted to investigate the structure of CT competency, as measured by Computational Thinking Challenge (Lai, 2021a), in a large sample of 1,130 British secondary school students ( M age = 14.14 years, SD age = 1.45). Based on model comparison from an exploratory multidimensional item response theory approach, the results supported the multidimensional operationalization of CT competency. A confirmatory bi-factor item response theory model further suggested CT competency is comprised of a general CT competency factor and two specific factors for programming and non-programming problem-solving. Despite the multidimensionality, the common variance is largely explained by a primary general factor of CT competency, thus the use of a single scale score is recommended. Psychometric evaluation from the bi-factor model indicated good psychometric properties of the assessment tool. Overall, the bi-factor model provides a useful approach to investigating CT competency and serves as a robust test validation tool.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Common Goals, Different Needs: Improving Communication and Collaboration Between Researchers and Practitioners to End Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Klein L. B. , Moschella-Smith Elizabeth A. , Lopez Elise
Published: September 2022

Rates of interpersonal violence have largely remained stagnant over the past three decades, despite the magnitude of prevention and response efforts to address this issue. Although interpersonal violence researchers have stressed the importance of partnerships between researchers and campus and community-based practitioners, there is still a disconnect between the work done by researchers and those engaged in direct practice in the field. This special issue brings together researchers and practitioners to explore a variety of challenges and successes in identifying common goals, building relationships, and improving strategies for addressing interpersonal violence using researcher-practitioner models.
The Indirect Effect of Peritraumatic Dissociation on the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Schizotypy
Authors: Blose Brittany A. , Godleski Stephanie A. , Houston Rebecca J. , Schenkel Lindsay S.
Published: September 2022

Schizotypy is a multidimensional personality construct that is understood as a vulnerability for schizophrenia, often manifesting as more subtle and attenuated symptoms, referred to as schizotypic psychopathology. It has many well-established environmental risk factors, including experiencing childhood maltreatment (CM), but the intermediary mechanisms that relate CM to schizotypic psychopathology are unclear. Prior studies have demonstrated that trait dissociation may indirectly affect the relationship between CM and schizotypic psychopathology. However, less is known about the importance of peritraumatic dissociative experiences during CM and how it relates to schizotypic symptom manifestations in young adulthood. Therefore, the present study explored the independent contributions of peritraumatic and trait dissociation in the relationship between CM and schizotypy. Participants ( N = 346) were undergraduate students who completed online self-report measures on CM, trait dissociation, peritraumatic dissociation experienced during CM, and schizotypic symptoms. The indirect effect of peritraumatic dissociation and trait dissociation on the relationship between CM and schizotypy was examined using mediational analyses. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between self-reported CM, schizotypy, trait dissociation, and peritraumatic dissociation. In addition, mediational analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of peritraumatic dissociation (β = .06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.01, 0.12]), but not trait dissociation (β = .05, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.12]), on CM and schizotypy. These results highlight peritraumatic dissociation as an important mechanism driving the expression of schizotypic symptoms among individuals with a history of CM. Understanding how trauma sequelae lead to schizotypic psychopathology may be crucial in assessing and treating individuals with maltreatment histories or those on the psychosis spectrum.
Prediction of wheel-rail contact forces using simple onboard monitoring system and machine learning
Authors: Walther Simon , Müller Simon , Renggli Rolf , Ünlü Fatih , Fuerst Axel
Published: September 2022

For safe railway operation, periodic measuring of vehicle dynamics (wheel-rail-contact forces) is important, especially for tilting trains since they run faster through curves than normal traffic. So far, these forces are determined in test runs once a year using instrumented wheelsets. To get information more regularly and more economically, a simple onboard monitoring system for daily use on a commercial train has been developed. This system is predicting the forces relevant to assess running safety of tilting trains, so it is optimised for curves with lateral forces close to the critical values. Vertical forces are predicted by metering the primary spring deflection, which is already a proven method. The ambitious part research is focussing on is the prediction of the lateral forces on the whole wheelset and on the guiding wheel. This is obtained by transferring lateral accelerations using machine learning to manage even non-linear effects of the train’s undercarriage. Finally, the used Random Forest regressor thereby shows a good accuracy of the predicted forces compared to the original forces of the instrumented wheelset with correlations of around 95% for the relevant tilting train track sections.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening and diagnosis in a Brazilian metropolitan area
Authors: Solla Negrao Erika Marina , Cabello Cesar , Conz Livia , Mauad Edmundo Carvalho , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Vale Diama Bhadra
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of breast cancer screening and early diagnosis during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Setting: The public referral centre for screening in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Methods

This is an audit study of performance screening and diagnostic indicators. Two periods were analysed: 2019, the pre-COVID period, and 2020, the COVID period. All women who underwent mammography in these periods were included. Indicators were compared between periods, and the US Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium benchmarks were used as a reference.

Results

A comparison between the periods shows a reduction of 57.4% in screening and 4.4% in diagnosis using mammography. Cancer detection rate per 1000 screening mammograms dropped from 4.62 to 2.83 (p  =  0.031), while it increased from 84.43 to 89.36 in diagnosis mammograms (p  =  0.701), higher than the reference (34.4, p < 0.001). With regard to diagnosis, the proportion of minimal cancers was reduced (p  =  0.005) and was lower than the reference (40.0%, p < 0.001), along with the proportion of node-negative invasive cancers (p < 0.001). The mean size of invasive tumours was similar in the two periods (32.50 mm and 33.40 mm, p  =  0.808) but larger than the reference value (16.50 mm, p < 0.001). Recall rate was lower in the COVID period (22.55% vs. 27.37%, p  =  0.015).

Conclusion

The COVID pandemic caused an overall decrease in breast screening and detection of breast cancer cases, although the reduction in number of diagnosis mammograms performed was minimal. Tumour mean size was large in both periods, the pandemic highlighting a previous profile of detection at an advanced stage.
Linking sports-related and socio-economic resources of retiring Olympic athletes to their subsequent vocational career
Authors: Schmid Michael J. , Örencik Merlin , Schmid Jürg , Conzelmann Achim
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to examine patterns of sports-related and socio-economic resources at the time of athletic retirement and their relation to the subsequent vocational career. We surveyed 341 former Olympic athletes representing Switzerland about their athletic, educational, and vocational careers. In order to adequately depict the heterogeneous situations of athletes during and after their athletic career, we applied a person-oriented approach. This involves adopting a holistic perspective and using nonlinear methods of analysis to allow for interactions between different aspects of an athlete’s career. Using cluster analytic techniques, we found different patterns of sports-related and socio-economic resources at the time of athletic retirement which were related with specific vocational career paths. In particular, clusters disposing of manifold resources had various opportunities in working life, whereas clusters with few resources fared less well. However, a lack of educational certificates could be compensated for by success in sports and popularity, provided that the vocational activity was pursued in sport. These findings may help career counsellors to better understand athletes’ career development options and provide services of ever-improving quality.
Are Citizens More Politically Engaged when Candidate Selection is Democratic? Analysis of Seven Parliamentary Election Cycles in Israel (1996–2015)
Authors: Put Gert-Jan , Shomer Yael
Published: September 2022

Previous research finds limited evidence for a positive link between intra-party democracy and citizens’ inclination to vote for democratizing parties or to become more involved in partisan activities. This article investigates the association between democratic candidate selection processes and citizens’ political engagement levels, which can be considered a crucial predisposition for actual political participation. First, we test the selection processes’ effect on the two forms of political participation that are likely to be affected by democratizing intra-party reforms: electoral and partisan participation. Second, we examine how inclusive candidate selection processes are linked to three forms of engagement: watching campaign ads, reading newspapers, and discussing politics with friends and family. The analysis is based on public opinion survey data during seven election cycles from the Israel National Election Survey and candidate selection data on Israeli parties. The results of the hierarchical models show that democratic candidate selection processes are associated with higher engagement levels, while simultaneously bearing no effect on electoral and partisan participation. This implies the existence of a structural disconnection between citizens’ political engagement and participation levels in response to intra-party democracy.
Surge in Extramarital Affairs During Work from Home: What We Know So far
Authors: Rosaline Salini , Kasaraneni Himajyothi
Published: September 2022

Traditional physical workspaces have gone after the pandemic has happened. Individuals working at home have distractions that they would have not faced earlier. The usual working hours have taken a toll after they have started to work from home. Mental health and emotional support are not the same for professionals. Infidelity or extramarital affairs are also increasing in this situation where the individual is trying to date someone outside their marriage for emotional or mental support. The negative effect of an extramarital affair is expected to be exacerbated for the individuals working from home and involved in infidelity. The process of healing can also take time making a huge influence on the family relationships including children. In India, extradyadic relationships are not commonly talked about because of the wide cultural and societal influence. But the ground reality according to research studies is that there are many who indulge in the same. This article gives a brief background of extramarital and infidelity research carried out in the past 10 years (2012–2021) and sees how the extramarital affair in families has evolved and impacted individuals working from home during the pandemic.
Shock absorber friction testing on a MacPherson suspension considering realistic mounting situation
Authors: Deubel Clemens , Vincenz Hannes Jochen , Prokop Günther
Published: September 2022

Due to the specific layout of MacPherson suspension systems, the shock absorber is subject to a varying amount of load perpendicular to its own axis of displacement and is therefore generating a certain amount of friction. Especially at the presence of lateral forces at the tire contact patch, for example, in cornering situations, additional friction is generated. In order to accurately consider the actual amount of friction regarding vehicle dynamics and comfort, it is crucial to study shock absorber friction depending on the acting shear force. However, there is a shortage of knowledge considering realistic load situations of the shock absorber as present in the vehicle. Consequently, no commonly established test method exists to take the shear force into account. With the help of a static finite element analysis a test rig set-up is developed to investigate shock absorber friction replicating the suspension mounting situation. In the first step, a full suspension is transferred to a finite element model by a reverse engineering approach. Special attention is given to the spring forces, which show to be strongly multiaxial in terms of shear force reduction. Subsequently, the stress characteristics of the shock absorber tube, piston and the inner housing of the twin-tube shock absorber are investigated. Regarding various possible load cases for shock absorber testing under shear force, it becomes evident that one specific test set-up is able to reproduce the real load situation accurately. This test layout is implemented on a hydropulser test rig and allows the study of load-dependent friction characteristics.
The Fluid Touristic Lens: Young Chinese Adults’ Interpretive Preferences in Nature-Based Attractions
Authors: Lu Siqi , Hughes Karen , Mkono Mucha
Published: September 2022

In China, interpretation of natural attractions usually includes references to traditional poems, artwork, legends, and stories. Recently, researchers have questioned whether this approach resonates with younger audiences. Guided by the interpretive paradigm, this exploratory study used focus group interviews to explore young Chinese adults’ perceptions, views, and preferences of interpretation at Chinese and Australian nature-based tourist attractions. Findings provide corroborating evidence for subtle generational shifts. When in China, participants preferred interpretation that used traditional Chinese poems, legends, and stories, but questioned the authenticity of guides’ interpretive narratives; when in Australia, they preferred quintessentially Australian stories that provide insights into issues of cultural and scientific importance. A preoccupation with personal safety, particularly in Australia, also emerged. Findings demonstrate the fluidity of the Chinese visitor lens—participants applied different lenses to interpret familiar versus unfamiliar landscapes. Implications for the design of interpretive experiences for Chinese visitors are discussed.
Validation of a biomechanical testing protocol of craniodorsal hip luxation in feline cadavers and comparison of two ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene materials used for extra-articular hip stabilisation
Authors: Letesson Julien , Goin Bastien , Viguier Eric , Cachon Thibaut
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of our study was to describe a biomechanical testing protocol to reproduce ex vivo craniodorsal hip luxation specific to the feline model, and evaluate the biomechanical properties of an intact hip joint compared with the fixation strength of two different techniques of extra-articular hip stabilisation.

Methods

Eighteen hip joints (femur and hemipelvis) were harvested from nine mature feline cadavers. CT was performed for each hip joint so that a biomechanical base specific to each joint morphotype could be created using computer-aided design. The biomechanical bases were then produced using a three-dimensional printer to secure the hip joints during testing. A total of 34 biomechanical compression tests were performed. Eighteen compression tests were performed in the control group, of which two fractured. The remaining 16 hip joints were then randomly assigned either to group A (hip joints stabilised with an extra-articular ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) implant secured by an interference screw [n = 8]) or to group B (hip joints stabilised with a UHMWPE iliofemoral suture [n = 8]).

Results

Mean ± SD yield, failure load and linear stiffness in the control group were 616 ± 168 N, 666 ± 158 N and 231 ± 50 N/mm, respectively. The relative fixation strength (% of intact joint) before hip luxation in groups A and B was 43.8% and 34.7%, respectively. No statistical difference was found between groups A and B for yield and failure load. However, the reoccurrence of craniodorsal hip luxation was higher in group B than in group A, in 5/8 and 0/8 tests, respectively. Moreover, in group A, the extra-articular UHMWPE implant induced caudodorsal hip luxation, reported as failure mode in 7/8 cases.

Conclusions and relevance

This modified biomechanical protocol for testing craniodorsal hip luxation in a feline model was validated as repeatable and with acceptable variance. The extra-articular UHMWPE implant stabilisation technique proved to be more efficient in avoiding reoccurrence of craniodorsal hip luxation than UHMWPE iliofemoral suture.
Cardiac troponin I in healthy Norwegian Forest Cat, Birman and domestic shorthair cats, and in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hanås Sofia , Larsson Anders , Rydén Jesper , Lilliehöök Inger , Häggström Jens , Tidholm Anna , Höglund Katja , Ljungvall Ingrid , Holst Bodil S
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aims of this study were to assess the potential associations between the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration in healthy cats and feline characteristics, systolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), echocardiographic measurements and storage time; and to compare cTnI concentrations in healthy cats with concentrations in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), with or without left atrial enlargement (LAE) and in cats with HCM, to assess potential associations between cTnI concentration and echocardiographic variables.

Methods

Cardiac TnI was analysed using an Abbott ARCHITECT ci16200 analyser in serum from prospectively included healthy Norwegian Forest Cat (NF; n = 33), Birman (n = 33) and domestic shorthair (DSH; n = 30) cats, and from 39 cats with HCM, with or without LAE.

Results

In healthy cats, higher cTnI concentrations were found in Birman cats than in NF cats ( P = 0.014) and in neutered male cats than in intact females ( P = 0.032). Cardiac TnI was positively associated with HR ( P <0.0001). In cats with HCM, cTnI concentration was positively associated with left ventricular wall thickness and with left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (all P ⩽0.010). Cats with HCM had higher cTnI concentrations than healthy cats, and cTnI concentrations were higher in cats with HCM and LAE than in those with HCM without LAE (all P = 0.0003).

Conclusions and relevance

Breed and sex may affect serum cTnI concentrations in healthy cats. The cTnI concentration increased with increasing severity of HCM.
The Relationship Between D-dimer and Prognosis in the Patients with Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Weigang , Tian Baoguo , Wang Yan , Jing Jiexian
Published: September 2022

Background:

Alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer that is rare in clinical practice and extremely malignant. Malignant tumors are often associated with hemorrhage, thrombosis, and even disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The D-dimer test is used as a sensitive index in the diagnosis of DIC and fresh thrombosis in malignant tumors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between D-dimer values and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with serum AFPGC (AFP ⩾ 15 μg/L) patients.

Methods:

Overall, 120 healthy subjects and 120 AFP-negative gastric cancer (AFP < 15μg/L) patients from May 2017 to July 2018 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital served as the control group in this retrospective cohort study. Additionally, 120 patients with pretreatment advanced serum AFP were chosen to analyze clinicopathologic features and factors that affect prognosis. The predictor was the D-dimer, and the outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Other variables included age, sex, tumor site, T-stage, distant metastasis, and preoperative serum tumor biomarkers. Differences in OS rate were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.2.0.332. The Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results:

In comparison to AFP-negative gastric cancer, we discovered that D-dimer had a meaningfully higher presentation in patients with AFPGC ( P < .001). Based on D-dimer median levels, the AFPGC patients were divided into two groups, including 39 patients with low D-dimer (<1000 ng/mL) and 81 patients with high D-dimer (⩾1000 ng/mL). The variables, including T-stage, distant metastasis, and expression of HER2, were associated with the value of D-dimer. The D-dimer levels were weakly related to the levels of tumor markers. The differences in AFPGC patients, with an OS rate of 30.76% for patients with low D-dimer (<1000) and 12.30% with high D-dimer (⩾1000; P = .0027), were statistically significant. Cox multivariate analysis of various parameters indicated that T-stage, distant metastasis, vascular embolism, level of D-dimer, and tumor biomarkers of AFP were independent risk factors for survival.

Conclusion:

Serum D-dimer levels may be a valuable indicator for predicting AFPGC metastasis and progression.
Private Sector Presence in Healthcare in India: Econometric Analysis of Patterns and Consequences
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Ray Amit Shovon
Published: September 2022

The presence of private providers in the Indian healthcare sector remains one of the most debated issues. This article attempts to contribute to this debate from the angle of the ultimate goal of healthcare provision—a healthy population. We explore whether private sector presence (PSP) has improved the general health status of the people. We develop a theoretical argument to hypothesize that PSP in India would lead to better health status through the route of competition-driven quality, which in turn could lead to adverse economic consequences. We use district-level secondary data from government sources to confirm our hypotheses using robust tools of applied econometrics, correcting for serious problems of endogeneity. Constructing a district-level index of PSP, we identify distinct spatial/geographical clusters, explained by socio-economic prosperity as well as demonstration effect. We also find a robust positive association between PSP and general health outcomes, accompanied by an adverse economic consequence of rising catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure. In terms of policy, the article concludes that rather than restricting the growth of the private sector, the government must strengthen the quality of the existing public healthcare delivery system and ensure effective monitoring and regulation.

JEL Codes: 110, 111, 112, 115
Marital status and genetic liability independently predict coronary heart disease incidence
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Lahtinen Hannu , Korhonen Kaarina , Smith George Davey , Ripatti Samuli , Morris Tim , Martikainen Pekka
Published: September 2022

Aims:

Married individuals have a lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk than non-married, but the mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. We analyzed whether genetic liability to CHD may affect these associations.

Methods:

Marital status, a polygenic score of CHD (PGS-CHD), and other risk factors for CHD were measured from 35,444 participants (53% female) in Finnish population-based surveys conducted between 1992 and 2012. During the register-based follow-up until 2020, there were 2439 fatal and non-fatal incident CHD cases. The data were analyzed using linear and Cox regression models.

Results:

Divorced and cohabiting men and women had a higher genetic risk of CHD than married individuals, but the difference was very small (0.023–0.058 standard deviation of PGS-CHD, p-values 0.011–0.429). Both marital status and PGS-CHD were associated with CHD incidence, but the associations were largely independent. Adjusting for behavioral and metabolic risk factors for CHD explained part of these associations (11–20%). No interaction was found between marital status and PGS-CHD for CHD incidence.

Conclusions:

We showed minor differences between the marital status categories in PGS-CHD and demonstrated that marital status and genetic liability predicted CHD incidence largely independently. This emphasizes the need to measure multiple risk factors when predicting CHD risk.
3D trajectory planning based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree–Connect and artificial potential fields method for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Cao Lijia , Wang Lin , Liu Yang , Yan Shiyuan
Published: September 2022

This research proposes a multifaceted approach of three-dimensional trajectory planning based on the combination of Rapidly-exploring Random Tree–Connect algorithm and artificial potential field method to improve the path search ability and dynamic obstacles avoidance capability of unmanned aerial vehicles. Firstly, an improved method of the target gravity is developed by controlling the sampling range to reduce invalid sampling and speed up the convergence speed of the algorithm so as to lessen the restriction of low efficiency and random sampling of the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree–Connect algorithm. Moreover, the regulation factor is introduced into the artificial potential field method to deal with the problem of target unreachable in the trajectory planning. Then the improved Rapidly-exploring Random Tree–Connect algorithm is implemented to plan the global path in a complex environment. This step is carried out via selecting the local target point on the global path found in the global plan, dividing the complex environment into simple environment and utilizing the artificial potential field method to achieve the effect of avoiding unknown dynamic obstacles in the simple environment. Finally, cubic B-spline is employed to smoothing of the planned trajectory. The simulation results demonstrate that the combination of two improved algorithms improves the path search ability and dynamic barrier avoidance capability of the unmanned aerial vehicles.
ARG1 and CXCL2 are potential biomarkers target for psoriasis patients
Authors: Wang Huilin , Chen Wenjun , Lie Caihua , Zhang Yijie , Li Jiajia , Meng Jilong , Zhang Nan
Published: September 2022

Background

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin inflammatory disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis and identifying novel therapeutic targets are under investigation.

Methods

Gene expression profiles were obtained from GSE13355, GSE30999 and GSE54456 datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between psoriasis and normal controls. Enrichment analysis was used to identify the biological functions and pathways of common genes from three groups of DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed to identify key genes according to degree of connectivity. Expression of genes was detected by the method of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The infiltration of immune cells of psoriasis were quantified and detected by flow cytometry.

Results

A total of 146 common genes were identified between psoriasis and normal controls. They were significantly enriched in IL-17, chemokine, and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. Ten key genes were selected with bigger degree of connectivity through PPI network, and ARG1 and CXCL2 had better predictive ability based on ROC curves. Increased expression of ARG1 and CXCL2 in psoriasis patients were verified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method. In addition, a lot of immune cells were upregulated in psoriasis compared to healthy controls through ssGSEA and flow cytometry.

Conclusion

ARG1 and CXCL2 may serve as biomarkers and potential therapy for psoriasis. This may be related to the immune response and NLR pathway.