bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quand l’inceste va sans dire
Authors: Le Caisne Léonore
Published: December 2016

En 2007, une indignation médiatique s’abat sur un petit village d’Île-de-France. Les journalistes reprochent à ses habitants d’avoir, 28 années durant, laissé perpétré un inceste duquel sont nés six enfants, sans jamais signaler les faits à l’institution judiciaire ou aux services sociaux. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique d’une année dans le village où vivait la famille et dans la cité populaire où le père travaillait, l’auteur montre que s’il n’y eut pas de signalement, c’est en fait parce que rien n’y conduisit. Jamais les habitants ne s’étaient représenté le caractère criminel des faits, que disaient et révélaient maintenant les journalistes. Plus, même. Jamais ils n’avaient pensé (à) cet inceste. Cet inceste et les violences du père sur sa fille, d’abord mineure puis majeure, se sont en fait inscrits dans la vie courante du village et de la cité. Tous, membres de la famille incestueuse, voisins et habitants plus lointains, furent pris dans une configuration sociale qui avait intégré cet inceste. En devenant un élément ordinaire de la vie locale, cet inceste perdit sa caractérisation criminelle.
L’Heure du Crime au 36, quai des Orfèvres... Quand la radio fait voir un lieu mythique
Authors: Equoy Hutin Séverine
Published: December 2016

L’univers policier constitue l’un des arrière-plans préférés des médias et un imaginaire mythique se déploie particulièrement autour du « 36 quai des Orfèvres ». Dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur les relations entre les sphères policière et médiatique, on examine les stratégies de mise en scène de l’institution « police judiciaire » dans le discours radiophonique contemporain. Cette étude prend pour objet l’émission radiophonique « L’heure du crime » (RTL) et plus particulièrement l’émission diffusée en direct, le 8 mars 2012, depuis les locaux du 36, quai des Orfèvres, à l’occasion du centenaire de la Brigade criminelle. L’analyse des dispositifs – techniques et scéniques – et du traitement discursif de cet événement montre que, loin de démythifier ce lieu et l’institution qu’il représente, ceux-ci entretiennent au contraire un imaginaire de fiction autour de la réalité du travail policier.
An open system for farming black soldier fly larvae as a source of proteins for smallscale poultry and fish production
Authors: Nyakeri E.M. , Ogola H.J. , Ayieko M.A. , Amimo F.A.
Published: December 2016

The utilisation of insect as ingredients for animal feeds has gained considerable interest recently. For example, the potential of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) larvae as a cheap alternative protein source for animal feeds seems to show promising perspectives, especially for poultry and aquaculture feeds. In the present study, we sought to establish the wild availability of BSF in Bondo area of Western Kenya, and to develop appropriate methods for larvae farming for utilisation in smallholder farming systems using organic waste substrates. Using an open system involving a larvae feeding structure, study results showed that BSF is native to the study area with higher production observed on substrates of plant origin compared to those of animal origin. Proximate, mineral and vitamin analysis showed that wild BSF larvae contained: 40% crude protein, 33% crude fat, 15% ash, 12% crude fibre, 0.56% manganese, 3.07% sodium, 0.57% iron, 2.27% potassium, 0.24 mg/100 g thiamin, 2.2 mg/100 g riboflavin and 1.3 mg/100 g vitamin E. This nutritional profile of the wild BSF larvae indicates its potential to serve as a cheap and sustainable substitute protein source. We therefore recommend small-scale poultry and fish farmers to adopt the identified methods for its cultivation as a way of lowering production costs and also contributing to environmental hygiene and sanitation.
Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation for Corneal Ectasia
Authors: Giacomin Natalia T. , Mello Glauco R. , Medeiros Carla S. , Kiliç Alyin , Serpe Cristine C. , Almeida Hirlana G. , Kara-Junior Newton , Santhiago Marcony R.
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:

To provide an overview of the predictability, safety, and efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation as a tool to improve visual acuity and its association with other techniques such as corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), addressing biomechanical outcomes, models, surgical planning and technique, indications, contraindications, and complications in ectatic corneas.

METHODS:

Literature review.

RESULTS:

ICRSs have been used to regularize the corneal shape and reduce corneal astigmatism and higher order aberrations, improve visual acuity to acceptable limits, and delay, or eventually prevent, a corneal keratoplasty in keratoconic eyes. Changes in ICRS thickness and size, combination of techniques, and the addition of femtosecond lasers to dissect more foreseeable channels represent an improvement toward more predictable results. Several studies have shown, over time, the long-term efficacy and safety of ICRS treatment for keratoconus, with variable predictability, maintaining the early satisfactory outcomes regarding visual acuity, keratometry, and corneal thickness. It is just as important to ensure that the disease will not progress as it is to improve the visual acuity. Therefore, many studies have shown combined techniques using ICRS implantation and CXL. Also, further limitations of ICRS implantation can be addressed when associated with phakic intraocular lens implantation and photorefractive keratectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:

ICRS implantation has shown effectiveness and safety in most cases, including combined procedures. In properly selected eyes, it can improve both refraction and vision in patients with keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(12):829–839.]
Optical Measurement of Straylight in Eyes With Cataract
Authors: Sahin Onurcan , Pennos Alexandros , Ginis Harilaos , Hervella Lucia , Villegas Eloy A. , Cañizares Belen , Marin Jose Maria , Pallikaris Ioannis , Artal Pablo
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:

To measure straylight in a cohort of patients with cataract using a novel optical instrument and to correlate optical straylight values with clinical grade of cataracts and psychophysical straylight values.

METHODS:

Measurements were performed on 53 eyes of 44 patients with cataract admitted to the ophthalmology service of the university hospital in Murcia, Spain, and 9 young volunteers with no known ophthalmic pathology. Lens opacities were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System Ill (LOCS III) under slit-lamp examination. Intraocular straylight was additionally assessed psychophysically using the C-Quant straylight meter (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

RESULTS:

Optical measurements of the logarithm of the straylight parameter ranged from 1.01 to 2.01 (mean: 1.43 ± 0.244) in patients with cataract and 0.80 to 1.08 (mean: 0.92 ± 0.104) in healthy young volunteers. Straylight differed by a statistically significant amount among different LOCS III groups (
P
< .05). Moreover, the optically measured straylight parameter was positively correlated to the psychophysically estimated value (
r
= 0.803,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

A new compact optical instrument suitable for clinical measurements of straylight in the human eye has been developed. Optically measured straylight values were highly correlated to those that were obtained psychophysically. Optical measurement of straylight can be used for the objective classification of cataract opacities based on their optical impact.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):846–850.]
Computational Biomechanical Analysis of Asymmetric Ectasia Risk in Unilateral Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Vahdati Ali , Seven Ibrahim , Mysore Naveen , Randleman J. Bradley , Dupps William J.
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:

To develop a computational approach to corneal biomechanical risk analysis in refractive surgery and to investigate its utility in an enigmatic case of unilateral ectasia after bilateral LASIK.

METHODS:

Preoperative corneal elevation datasets from both eyes of a patient who developed unilateral post-LASIK ectasia were used to construct geometrically patient-specific, microstructurally motivated finite element models. Models were assessed before and after implementation of case-specific treatment parameters for interocular differences in corneal geometry and strain behavior under physiological loading conditions.

RESULTS:

Standard clinical predictors of post-LASIK ectasia risk were similar for the affected and contralateral eyes, and no risk factor asymmetry was identified in tomographic screening that included posterior corneal elevation analysis. However, differences in the magnitude and distribution of strain and stress were observed that are consistent with greater predisposition to biomechanical instability in the affected eye. Load testing with simulated intraocular pressure increases provoked opposite trends in curvature change in the preoperative models representing affected and unaffected eyes, with steepening in the ectatic eye and flattening in the clinically stable eye.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patient-specific computational analyses revealed differences in intrinsic biomechanical behaviors that may predispose a cornea to instability after refractive surgery. Strain and stress analyses elucidated differential risk not ascertained with current refractive surgery screening paradigms. This pilot study illustrates a risk analysis approach that implicitly considers the entire corneal three-dimensional geometry and can be performed a priori in a screening setting.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(12):811–820.]
Educational Content Development Process in "CleverUniversity": Our Dynamic Adaptive Hypermedia Environment
Authors: Bouchboua Ahmed , Ouremchi Rabah , El ghazi Mohammed
Published: December 2016

The implementation of a simple and flexible dynamic adaptive hypermedia environment meets several needs of teachers. Using a fitting system, teachers will be able to share their knowledge in chunks of content in order to create quality teaching resources.

In this paper, we propose a development approach through our simple system dedicated to teachers and learners alike taking into account the different work done on the subject. Moreover, our approach is based on the various elements of our system such as the learner’s model, the domain model, the pedagogical model, the courses generator and the multimedia database.

Our focus in this paper will be on the domain model given its importance in the development and adaptation of educational content as needed, and which consists of finding educational content related to a given field of knowledge to be adapted for a particular learner.
Multidisciplinary Project Based Learning Within a Collaborative Framework: A Case Study on Urban Drone Conception
Authors: Jacques Sébastien , Bissey Sébastien , Martin Arnaud
Published: December 2016

Multidisciplinary project-based learning (PBL) allows multifaceted real-world problems to be resolved with solutions addressing scientific, technical, business, and social aspects. However, such a method can be very challenging in terms of project management (including planning, coordinating, and management of human, material and financial resources) and time-consuming, especially when involving several partners (academic and industrial partners).

This paper provides firsthand experience of multidisciplinary PBL implemented in France in engineering education through a case study on urban drone conception. This research project has been proceeded within a collaborative framework in which 3 specialties (electrical energy systems, industrial computing, and mechanics and systems design) of a graduate school of engineering and a start-up company are jointly involved for the first time.

This article discusses knowledge and skills that engineering students are expected to acquire at the end of the research project, and the methods of assessment. The designing, manufacturing, and experimental validation of the urban drone are described. The various steps in the project management, and the interactions with the students and partners (teachers and industrial partner) are particularly highlighted.

Qualitative and quantitative data have been collected through questionnaires, student logbooks and reports. The results demonstrate that this experience is overwhelmingly positive since it empowers and enhances student learning.
Empirical Study on the Computer-aided College English Translation Teaching
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: December 2016

This paper aims at analyzing how to improve College English translation teaching with the aid of the computer. The research objects are 80 non-English major students from two classes of a local university in China. Based on the changes of translating abilities of the two groups in a semester and interviews, the author comparatively analyzes the influences of the computer aid on College English translation teaching. The main findings of this research can be listed as follows: (1) there exist problems about students’ using the computer to improve their translating ability. (2) using the computer to improve translating can be taught. (3) the use of computer can effectively help students improve their translating ability.
Factors Affecting the Acceptability of Online Degrees: Evidence from Two Arab Countries
Authors: Sadik Alaa
Published: December 2016

Abstract— The purpose of this study was to investigate the acceptance of degrees earned wholly online and to define the factors that affect the perceived value of these degrees in two Arab countries; Egypt and Oman. To achieve this purpose, a societal acceptance of online distance education degrees questionnaire was developed and administered online to a sample of 479 participants from different business sectors in Egypt and Oman. The responses to the rating scales and open-ended questions were organized, analyzed, and coded to address pattern of responses. Quantitative data and open-ended responses showed that the overall perception expressed by respondents was that online distance education was viewed as inferior to traditional education, and degrees earned online are not similar to ones earned in traditional settings in terms of credibility and quality. The ANOVA tests were used to analyze the differences among groups of participants and their acceptance of online degrees. Overall, responses indicated that no significant differences existed among participants. Many aspects of online degrees, such as interaction between students and the instructor, credibility with employers, admission regulations, and quality of learning outcomes have been criticized from many perspectives.
Fire Safety of Apartment Buildings Fabricated from Glued Sandwich Panels Compared with the more Frequently Used Structural Systems
Authors: Rusinová Marie , Šlanhof Jiří
Published: December 2016

At present, the trend in new building techniques is to move towards light construction systems, and efforts are also being made to use such techniques with multi-storey buildings. It is a characteristic of the Light Building construction system that a substantial part of the structure of a building is made up of thermal insulation, and heavy and wet processes are eliminated. The article focuses on the options for the use of a specific new technique which utilizes the advantages of large-format construction panels composed of 15 mm thick wood chipboard cladding glued using a polyurethane adhesive directly onto rigid thermal insulation, which is most frequently made from façade polystyrene. No other reinforcement is used. The consistency and load-bearing capacity of the panels are exclusively provided by the gluing of the insulation to the cladding using a polyurethane adhesive. The contribution focuses on the prospects for the use of this interesting technique from the aspect of the fire safety of apartment buildings; so far it has only been used for family homes. The contribution also contains a comparison of construction-related technical and financial indicators of use of this technique with standard construction systems employed for timber structures and also with traditional ceramic masonry from the viewpoint of the fire resistance of individual structures.
Simulation Study on Thermal Performance of a Ventilated PV Façade Coupled with PCM
Authors: Curpek Jakub , Hraska Jozef
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a dynamic thermal model based on DesignBuilder simulation software platform, for a simple office building model with an integrated ventilated PV façade/solar air collector system in climatic conditions of Bratislava, Slovakia. Thermodynamic simulation has been applied in order to express thermal performance of a ventilated PV façade coupled with phase change material through the whole reference year. Attention is focused on simplified approaches which capture the important elements of the problem. The results of simulation show that natural ventilation of PV façade with added phase change material have ability decrease temperatures of PV panel during extreme days more than 20 °C and shift time of peak temperature even more than 5 hours.
Effect of Glazed Ratio on Indoor Comfort and Energy Need for Heating
Authors: Kerekes Attila
Published: December 2016

According to the current national regulations appropriate operative temperature must be provided in premises. Nevertheless simplified calculation methods of heating built-in capacity and energy need for heating are based on indoor air temperature: to have the same output in function of operative temperature requires a series of iteration or dynamic simulation. Experience in existing buildings shows that higher glazed ratio is accompanied by decreasing Mean Radiant Temperature to be counterbalanced with higher indoor air temperature in order to keep the prescribed operative temperature. Nevertheless, in well insulated buildings this effect is weaker. Moreover, it turns into opposite: high Mean Radiant Temperature should be compensated with lower indoor air temperature which considerably decreases the heat loss – especially the ventilation heat loss. Energy need for heating of a sample building is analysed in the function of thermal insulation, glazed ratio and thermal mass.
Material of Thermal Insulation Affects Heat Gains in the Summer Period
Authors: Svobodová Sylvia , Matějka Libor
Published: December 2016

Buildings with light-weight roof structures tend to suffer from overheating of attic spaces during the summer period. One of the methods for improving the indoor thermal comfort with no energy consumption is reducing the heat flux passing through the building envelope. In particular, this can be achieved by increasing the thermal inertia of the roof, specifically, by choosing materials with relatively high density and high specific heat capacity. This article focuses on evaluating of the roof assembly of an inclined insulated non-ventilated roof which meets the requirements for the passive house standard. A dynamic Comsol simulation with harmonic fluctuation of the exterior temperature was used to express the impact of the structure on the temperature damping and the time lag. The period of 7 days was screened. As a result temperature profiles of several material variants are compared.
Determination of Capillary Conductivity Coefficient by Using Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation
Authors: Manychová Monika , Fuciman Ondřej
Published: December 2016

Moisture in building structures affects negatively construction material physical properties, particularly thermally insulation properties. The porous structure of most building materials distinguishes by the ability to absorb water in liquid and gaseous state into its internal cavities, to fill the accumulative space of pores, to transport moisture and to re-transmit to the surroundings. The moisture characteristics of building materials are the base for evaluation of building structure thermal insulation properties. The moisture spreading via capillary conduction is the most significant material parameter of a moisture appraisal. However, it is necessary to incorporate also spreading the liquid phase into the moisture appraisal for certain structure material compositions. The article deals with determination of capillary conductivity coefficient by using electromagnetic microwave radiation. The radiation passed through a wet sample is detected and then the value of capillary conductivity coefficient is determined. The coefficient of capillary conductivity is property dependent on several physical parameters, but primarily on the moisture.
Comparison of Driving Rain Index Calculated According to EN 15927-3 to the CFD Simulation and Experimental Measurement
Authors: Juras Peter , Jakubcik Miroslav
Published: December 2016

Wind-driven rain or driving rain is a rain which has given a horizontal velocity component by the wind. It can be the important moisture source for building façades and has been of the great concern in building science. In this article, the normative method described in STN EN ISO 15927-3:2009, was used for calculation of driving rain impact on vertical surfaces. This amount of rain was compared to the CFD simulation for selected location and to the experimental measurement carried out by wind-driven rain gauge.
Analysis Method for Studying Groundwater under a Church
Authors: Torner M. Eugenia , Mas Ángeles , Lerma Carlos , Gil Enrique , Vercher Jose , Padin Jorge , Herráez José
Published: December 2016

The Church of Asunción of Llíria (Valencia, Spain) is one of the best examples of the Valencian Baroque of the seventeenth century. This research is based on the study of the building from an urban, historical, and especially, a constructive view. The location of this particular church is unique because it is embedded in a mountain. First, some excavations were made into the mountain before the construction of the church started. Thus, there is a slope between the main entrance of the church and the rear. This research work provides the analysis of the ground humidity throughout the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique. We have analysed the subsoil of the whole church by various cuts or paths. Longitudinal and transversal measurements allowed us to produce a three-dimensional model of the land on which the church stands. We have also analysed the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the subsoil in each area and the presence of certain ground water routes. The rising moisture has been analysed on the walls and pillars of the church. To this end, a moisture analyser has been employed to monitor the moisture content over a period of six months. With this information, it was possible to identify points that are systematically more humid.
Dynamic Heat and Moisture Transport Modeling of Industrial Floors on Different Climates
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Szagri Dóra
Published: December 2016

In this paper a conjugated heat and moisture transport investigation of industrial floors is presented. We have analyzed 2D general segments of wall and foundation connections in three different climatic conditions: Budapest (Hungary), Lisbon (Portugal) and Espoo (Finland). We also modeled the component with horizontal or vertical edge insulations with various thicknesses and lengths, and two different soil compositions under the floors. The design of the floor and wall components was performed according to the current standards. We examined 126 combination of the segment and the results shows difference both in relative humidity across the components and heat losses through the internal faces. In conclusion, the simulations and results can improve the energy efficient design of industrial buildings across Europe.
Reinforcement-Dependent Thermal Properties of Reinforced Concrete Columns and Slabs
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Paulik Emese
Published: December 2016

Energy efficiency aspects are rarely considered during practical structural design. In building energetic calculations, thermal conductivity values from EN ISO 10456:2008 [1] are mainly used, although the standard define concrete’s values only by taking into account the density and the approximate percentage of reinforcement. Details of the structure type (column or slab), reinforcement (e.g. direction, diameter, amount of rebar spacers) and other properties (e.g. concrete composition) are not mentioned. In this research, we uncover the possible relations between the steel content parameters and thermal properties by laboratory measurements of 1:2 scaled reinforced concrete specimens and validated finite element models of columns and slabs with different designed reinforcements. Results shows, that depending on the structure type, design and steel content, there is a difference in the structure’s equivalent thermal conductivity. Our results and experiences of this research possibly can be used in energy conscious structural design practice.
Evaluation of the Dependence of the Parameters of Internal Environment of Wooden Truss on the Orientation of the Building
Authors: Sibilla Luboš , Vlček Milan , Struhala Karel , Kříž Pavel
Published: December 2016

Historical wooden trusses carry a lot of information about used tools, technologies or construction processes. Unfortunately they are generally threatened by many dangers, which could cause irreparable damage and loss of the carried information. Protection of historical roof trusses is an important part of efforts to protect our cultural heritage. Wood destroying insects and fungi are the most serious threats to historical roof trusses in our climatic conditions. Their spreading depends on several specific (interior) conditions. These include critical moisture content in the wood, relative humidity, temperature, etc. In addition to these commonly monitored parameters (and their critical levels) we also must not forget the influence of local geography, biotope or orientation to the cardinal. This paper describes temporal fluctuations of some of the mentioned physical parameters in a historical roof truss (in Brno, Czech Republic) with regard to external climatic conditions and orientation to the cardinal.
Development and Experimental Verification of Sliding Elements of Transparent Loggia Enclosures in High-Rise Building
Authors: Bielek Boris , Szabó Daniel , Čeheľová Dagmara
Published: December 2016

Originally open balconies and loggias of high-rise residential building showed a significant aerodynamic load - discomfort for users. Subject of the contract cooperation with the investor was therefore development, experimental verification and optimization of the strength and functional parameters of sliding elements of transparent loggia enclosures from the effect of the dynamically changing wind pressure (pressure - suction), as well as the elimination of undesirable acoustic expressions. This paper introduces the aerodynamic study of the building with the objective of quantifying the maximum load on sliding elements from the effects of wind as the boundary condition for their dimensioning. It describes the final design of transparent sliding elements and their experimental verification in a large pressure chamber in laboratory. The elimination of undesirable acoustic expressions was successfully implemented through design optimization with use of acoustic camera.
Moisture Monitoring of Built-In Wooden Elements
Authors: Soudek Pavel
Published: December 2016

This paper describes moisture monitoring of wooden elements, which are built-in to structures of building envelopes. This monitoring is helpful in proving long-term functionality of designed details or, conversely, in pointing out of an emerging problem, thus avoiding infestation of these elements by wood decaying fungi or insects, which is usually connected with excessive wood moisture. This can occur in these elements especially when they go through the building envelope from interior to exterior. The described long-term measurement is based on a resistance method and the text explains its principle, mentions factors influencing the accuracy of measurement and shows installation and development of probes, which were designed by author for this kind of measurements.
Cooling and Thermal Insulating Effects in Layers of Roof Garden
Authors: Sukopová Dáša
Published: December 2016

This paper presents partial results of measurements in the layers of roof garden in winter and summer. In winter, the roof garden acts as additional insulator for buildings, reducing energy needed to provide heating. Layer of soil on intensive vegetative roof in the winter can considerably reduce daily temperature fluctuations. On hot summer days, the roof garden can considerably reduce the heat flux through the roof. Transpiration in plants cools the surrounding air, thus lowering the temperature of the surface of the soil.
The Risk of Humidity at Greened Façades
Authors: Tudiwer David , Korjenic Azra
Published: December 2016

This paper shows the results of a project that investigated the humidity of the air in the ventilation gap of a green façade system. The systems which were investigated are made of aluminium troughs, aluminium modules, or fleece. These systems are mounted on metal rails. The metal rails connect the façade with the plants. This creates a curtain façade that is ventilated by air. The humidity of the air in the gap was investigated, and this paper shows the results of the investigation.
Optimization of Thermal Stability of Atrium Based on Computational Modeling
Authors: Rubina Aleš , Uher Pavel , Blasinski Petr
Published: December 2016

The article deals with analysis of the heat balance and temperature microclimate of indoor space of a four-storey building atrium. With regard to the anticipated thermal loads in all functionally connected rooms, investor made a request to verify the thermal stability of the atrium before the implementation stage. Atrium and adjacent rooms are a geometrically complicated inner space which cannot be solved by analytical methods to ensure the required temperature conditions in occupied zone. This led to the creation of a mathematical model of the atrium with the current project solution. The result of the simulation of the existing solutions is that there is not complied desired air temperature in the occupied zone. For this reason, it was developed optimization of existing variant. Optimization was performed in steps as changing temperature of the central air conditioning system, changing number of units and performance of local refrigeration air conditioning. The conclusion of this paper is to evaluate the thermal profiles of temperature stratification in the atrium area and request the required cooling performance of the ventilation system. The article attempts to use computer modelling as a tool for the placement and performance design of ventilation equipment.
Parametric Analysis of Floor Cooling
Authors: Horká Lucie , Weyr Jan
Published: December 2016

This study is aimed at parametric analysis of floor cooling. Impact of several design parameters such as air temperature, temperature of cooling water, distance of cooling pipes, thickness and thermal conductivity of top layer on total heat transfer of cooling floor is studied. The issue is solved by steady-state 2D numerical simulation of heat transfer to the floor construction. These parametric simulations are performed in software CalA. Impact of variable input parameters on total heat transfer is observed. Results of parametric analysis are displayed in a nomogram. This nomogram is useful for faster designing of floor cooling.
Modelling of Daylight Sources in the Artificial Sky
Authors: Darula Stanislav , Kittler Richard , Malikova Marta
Published: December 2016

Daylight in nature is characterized by daily permanent changes of sunlight and skylight. Real measurements of daylight availability are showing that different daylight exterior illuminance for building interiors can be expected each minute. This brings some complications in the window design and the choice of criteria for daylight evaluations. There are several ways how to find basic conditions and typical relations combining sunlight beam with diffuse skylight from the whole sky vault. The older assumption considered that interiors have to be sufficiently illuminated under the worst overcast conditions. The newer approach is based on the utilization of daylight in specific localities and the determination of changes in sunlight and skylight occurrence probability. Therefore, both daylight sources are researched in detail specifying sky luminance distributions and sun influences to find conditions for their simulation in laboratory facilities. The most sophisticated equipment to study daylighting in exterior and interior architectural spaces are artificial skies with the artificial sun. These have to be precisely calibrated with a verified zenith luminance and horizontal illuminance levels by theoretical calculations and checked by experimental measurements. Reference daylight conditions defined in the ISO/CIE 15469:2004 standard have to be respected with trials to determine natural sun and sky as sources of daylight in the real environment and modelling these in the artificial sky in a certain intensity scale. This paper presents the method and results of modelling daylight applying electrical light sources in artificial sky which is installed in the Institute of Construction and Architecture, Slovak Academy of Sciences (ICA SAS) and discusses possibilities of their simulation in laboratory conditions.
Comparison between Dynamic and Static Metrics for Daylight Evaluation in the Case of Obstructed Buildings
Authors: Gábrová Lenka
Published: December 2016

Daylight in buildings can be evaluated using dynamic and static daylight metrics. The daylight factor is a static daylight metric which evaluates daylight conditions under the overcast sky model according to the International Commission on Illumination. However, the dynamic daylight metrics (e.g. daylight autonomy, spatial daylight autonomy, useful daylight illuminance) can be more complex evaluation criteria because they are based on annual daylight illuminance data for a building site. While the daylight factor value depends only on a room geometry, optical properties of surfaces and positioning of daylight obstructions, the dynamic daylight metrics also include an effect of a building location, window orientation or building occupancy pattern. The article deals with a comparison of a daylight evaluation using dynamic and static daylight metrics in the case of buildings whose daylight is obstructed by external barriers.
Problems in the Designing of Acoustic Properties of Musical Rehearsals
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Katunská Jana , Bullová Iveta , Germánus Richard
Published: December 2016

Content of the post is to describe the creation of building structures, typology, internal environment, and internal wall coverings music rehearsal for optimal acoustic performance. One of the aspects of its internal environment is reverberation time. For this variable there are several methods of calculation. Article gives an indication of how the music was the laboratory building in the center of the music created and what problems the authors in its proposal met. Article contents and solving spatial and building acoustics model music musical rehearsal building downtown. Calculation fully respects Slovak standards valid for the design of room acoustics, as well as hygiene regulations on noise pollution. Acoustically treated room should serve as a laboratory for musical performance. If the building is more proof is needed to solve the sound insulation (building acoustics) that these areas do not interfere with each other. In addressing acoustics of testing can’t talk about bad or good acoustics, but rather on the season and out of corresponding with room acoustics, respectively, with activities in it.
Building Monitoring and Diagnostics: A Web-Based Approach
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Glawischnig Stefan , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: December 2016

Efforts toward optimized building management and operation require monitoring data from multiple sources. Experiences from previous research projects underline the need for an easily adaptable, low-cost, and easy to set up monitoring infrastructure that could provide data for modeling and performance evaluation. The increasing availability of small and powerful development boards (e.g. Raspberry Pi BeagleBoard or Arduino) facilitates the implementation of a cost-efficient infrastructure for data collection and building monitoring. For the purpose of the present contribution, the Arduino Yún was used to create a data logger that obtains data from wireless sensors, stores it locally, and syncs it with a data repository. Toward this end, we have developed a web-based user interface that enables the user to evaluate various aspects of the monitored building's performance. The communication between the software components is implemented via RESTful interfaces and enables the user to integrate also other data sources such as web services. The paper includes an actual implementation of the above approach. Thereby, we illustrate how the constitutive system components can be integrated in terms of a versatile monitoring system with multiple utilities in terms of building performance assessment and building diagnostics.
Biomass Use for Low Energy Buildings and Retrofits
Authors: Severnyák Krisztina , Zöld András
Published: December 2016

Based on the EPBD 2010 directive and the mandated method of cost-optimum calculation the forthcoming national regulations require “nearly zero energy buildings” which have high energy performance, significant share of renewables in covering the low energy need and harmonizing the requirement system and the cost-optimum. Known intention of MS as well as some research reports create the impression that predominant use of biomass in the forthcoming years will be the right way to fulfil the above requirements of nearly zero energy buildings. Nevertheless a brief analysis proves that these expectations are exaggerated due to either cost problem or seasonal system efficiency whilst some “secondary” environmental problem must not be forgotten.
Modern Electrical Measurement of Alkali Activated Slag Mortars with Increased Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Lunak Miroslav , Kusak Ivo
Published: December 2016

Slag mortars belong to the new promising alternative construction materials. Conventional cementitious materials are harder to measure by electrical test methods. It is being researched if the dopant atoms in the form of powder improve the mechanical properties. This article describes how the test slag mortars with addition of carbon by electrical impedance spectroscopy measurement methods and their extensions in the form of using ZNC vector analyzer with a coaxial probe from Speag. Impedance spectra of samples were obtained in the 40 Hz to 1 MHz. Declines of impedance by adding more carbon were expected and confirmed. Electrical conductivity and permittivity were measured by vector analyzer for the 100 MHz to 3 GHz. The permittivity was varied from 4 to 20, depending on the addition of carbon, the conductivity of the samples from 1/2600 to 0.3 S·m-1.
A Numerical Analysis of Deformation Processes in Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Materials - Influence of Dislocation-Particle Interactions
Authors: Záležák Tomáš , Šiška Filip , Stratil Luděk , Luptáková Natália , Šmíd Miroslav , Bártková Denisa , Svoboda Jiří , Dlouhý Antonín
Published: December 2016

A recently developed 3D discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) model is employed to study kinetics of dislocation ensembles subjected to high temperature creep in microstructures of metal matrix composites. We particularly focus on a migration of low angle tilt boundaries in a field of rigid impenetrable particles. This type of dislocation boundaries represents a typical microstructural feature mediating plastic deformation during the high temperature loadings. The article compares results of numerical studies that considered distinct dislocation-particle in-teractions in order to describe the response of dislocation structure to the applied stress. The resultssuggest that, regardless the details related to the dislocation-particle interactions, a critical applied stress always exists, below which the boundary migration process ceases [1,2]. The existence of crit-ical threshold is confirmed by creep tests of ODS materials. This critical threshold, contrary to theclassical Orowan stress, is proportional to the dislocation density. The displacements of individual dislocation segments on the micro-scale level reflect the changes in the dislocation-particle interactions quite sensitively. Atthemacro-scale level, the overall strain rate, which averages out velocities of all the individual dislocation segments, is also significantly influenced by the changes in dislocation-particle interaction
Defects Mechanics; Three-Body Problem of Defects Interaction among Crack, Dislocations and Twin Boundary in Magnesium
Authors: Shibutani Yoji , Matsunaka Daisuke
Published: December 2016

Dynamics and statics of defects interaction among crack, dislocations and twin boundary (TB) observed in magnesium were investigated using molecular dynamics and elasticity with the complex stress functions to clarify the effect of long-range elastic stress field. An atomic model containing a crack parallel to (10-11) TB was gradually elongated under KI-mode tension by molecular dynamics simulations. Changing the distance between the crack and the TB, four kinds of crack propagation manners were observed, one of which showed the path transition from the crack to the TB itself by shielding effect of piled-up dislocations around the crack tip. The stress intensity factor of the nanosized crack in bulk is 0.28 MPam1/2, which is smaller than that of crack on the TB. The shielding effect due to the piled-up dislocations drastically decreases stress concentration around the crack tip and the stress intensity factor diminishes down to the 0.22, and thus the crack nucleated from the void nucleation and coalescence on the TB was propagated instead. The elastic stress distributions obtained by the superposition of some complex stress functions suggest that the stress field around the crack tip is disturbed by the localized stress due to the TB in the case of crack closest to TB and also by the back stress due to the piled-up dislocations in the case of crack far from TB.
Alloying-Driven Phase Stability in Group-VB Transition Metals under Compression
Authors: Landa Alexander , Söderlind Per
Published: December 2016

The change in phase stability of Group-VB transition metals (V, Nb, and Ta) due to pressure and alloying is explored by means of first-principles electronic-structure calculations. It is shown that under compression stabilization or destabilization of the ground-state body-centered cubic (bcc) phase of the metal is mainly dictated by the band-structure energy. In the case of alloying the change in phase stability is defined by the interplay between the band-structure and Madelung energies. We show that band-structure effects determine phase stability when a particular Group-VB metal is alloyed with its nearest neighbors within the same d-transition series: the neighbor with less and more d electrons destabilize and stabilize the bcc phase, respectively. When V is alloyed with neighbors of a higher (4d- or 5d-) transition series, both electrostatic Madelung and band-structure energies stabilize the bcc phase. Utilizing the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics approach, we show that pressure-induced mechanical instability of bcc V, which results in formation of a rhombohedral (rh) phase at around 60-70 GPa at room temperatures, will prevail significant heating and compression. Furthermore, alloying with Cr decreases the temperature at which stabilization of the bcc phase occurs at elevated pressure.
The Cellular Automata Theory in Fracture Mechanisms Predictions
Authors: Neimitz Andrzej , Janus Urszula
Published: December 2016

In the presentation the cellular automata theory is applied to model the evolution of cleavage and ductile fracture mechanisms in front of the crack in three-point-bent specimens containing crack, made of Hardox-400 steel. The experimental and numerical results were used to define: dead elements, weakened elements and healthy elements. One element in the cellular automata model represents one grain. In some of elements large inclusions/interstitials are present. They are randomly distributed; however, to some degree the distribution of these inclusions depend on the strain level. Each element of the cellular automata can change the actual state due to the primary stress distribution, orientation of the cleavage planes {100} and the neighborhood of the fractured grain. The computer program allows for reproduction of the fractured surface as well as to simulate fracture mechanisms in various geometrical and temperature conditions.
Influence of the Ceramic Foam Structure Irregularity on the Tensile Response
Authors: Ševeček Oldřich , Navrátil Petr , Papšík Roman , Skalka Petr , Kotoul Michal
Published: December 2016

To better understand response or fracture conditions of the ceramic foam materials to the mechanical loading, a finite element (FE) analysis of these structures has to be employed. The cellular structure of foams can be modelled either using a detailed realistic FE model based on the computer tomography scans or by using of simplified, beam element based, models. Nevertheless a main drawback of the realistic foam modelling consists in its high demandingness on computational resources. Therefore, simplified models are welcome substitutions (at least for analysis of the global mechanical foam response). The regular foam structure, based e.g. on Kelvin cells, is simple from the modelling point of view, but it doesn´t exactly capture the fully random character of the real foam structures and corresponding response to the external load. Definition of the random beam foam structure (respecting the real cell shapes and their distribution within volume), can thus improve this deficiency. The main aim of this work is thus to compare these different modelling approaches and quantify the influence of the foam irregularity on the response of ceramic foams to external (tensile) loading for various model sizes.
The Effect of Residual Stress on the Process of Crack Growth Rate Determination in Polymer Pipes
Authors: Poduška Jan , Hutař Pavel , Kučera Jaroslav , Sadílek Jiří , Frank Andreas , Pinter Gerald , Náhlík Luboš
Published: December 2016

Accelerated tests of the polyethylene pipes are necessary for the pipe lifetime calculations. Accepted methodology for prediction of slow crack grow rate in these materials is fatigue testing of CRB (cracked round bar) specimens. This paper deals with the FEM modelling of the crack propagation during the CRB test under the influence of residual stresses. The crack growth is described based on the stress intensity factor and Paris-Erdogan law. The purpose of this research is to determine, if the residual stress influences crack behavior during CRB test.
Modeling of Deformation and Failure of Heat-Resistant Alloys under Cyclic Thermal-Mechanical Loading
Authors: Volkov Ivan , Igumnov Leonid A. , Litvinchuk Svetlana , Markov Ivan
Published: December 2016

The results of numerically modeling fatigue damage accumulation in heat-resistant alloys (Nimonic 80A, Haynes 188) under combined thermal mechanical loading are presented. Special attention is paid to the issues of modeling the processes of cyclic thermal plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation for complex deformation processes accompanied by the rotation of the main sites of stress and strain tensors.