bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of topical levodopa in a chick model of myopia
Authors: Thomson Kate , Karouta Cindy , Morgan Ian , Kelly Tamsin , Ashby Regan
Published: December 2019

Animal models have demonstrated a link between dysregulation of the retinal dopamine system and the excessive ocular growth associated with the development of myopia. Here we show that intravitreal or topical application of levodopa, which is widely used in the treatment of neurological disorders involving dysregulation of the dopaminergic system, inhibits the development of experimental myopia in chickens. Levodopa slows ocular growth in a dose dependent manner in chicks with a similar potency to atropine, a common inhibitor of ocular growth in humans. Topical levodopa remains effective over chronic treatment periods, with its effectiveness enhanced by coadministration with carbidopa to prevent its premature metabolism. No changes in normal ocular development (biometry and refraction), retinal health (histology), or intraocular pressure were observed in response to chronic treatment (4 weeks). With a focus on possible clinical use in humans, translation of these avian safety findings to a mammalian model (mouse) illustrate that chronic levodopa treatment (9 months) does not induce any observable changes in visual function (electroretinogram recordings), ocular development, and retinal health, suggesting that levodopa may have potential as a therapeutic intervention for human myopia.
Specificity of psychopathology across levels of severity: a transdiagnostic network analysis
Authors: Groen Robin N. , Wichers Marieke , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Hartman Catharina A.
Published: December 2019

A prominent hypothesis within the field of psychiatry is that the manifestation of psychopathology changes from non-specific to specific as illness severity increases. Using a transdiagnostic network approach, we investigated this hypothesis in four independent groups with increasing psychopathology severity. We investigated whether symptom domains became more interrelated and formed more clusters as illness severity increased, using empirical tests for two network characteristics: global network strength and modularity-based community detection. Four severity groups, ranging from subthreshold psychopathology to having received a diagnosis and treatment, were derived with a standardized diagnostic interview conducted at age 18.5 (n = 1933; TRAILS cohort). Symptom domains were assessed using the Adult Self Report (ASR). Pairwise comparisons of the symptom networks across groups showed no difference in global network strength between severity groups. Similar number and type of communities detected in the four groups exceeded the more minor differences across groups. Common clusters consisted of domains associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and combined depression and anxiety domains. Based on the strength of symptom domain associations and symptom clustering using a network approach, we found no support for the hypothesis that the manifestation of psychopathology along the severity continuum changes from non-specific to specific.
Ovariectomy increases the incidence and diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a hypoperfusion-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm animal model
Authors: Miyamoto Chie , Kugo Hirona , Hashimoto Keisuke , Moriyama Tatsuya , Zaima Nobuhiro
Published: December 2019

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease characterized by weakening of the vascular walls. Male sex is a risk factor for AAA, and peak AAA incidence occurs in men 10 years earlier than in women. However, the growth rate of AAA is faster in women, and women have a higher mortality due to AAA rupture. The mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in AAA remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) on AAA in rats. Upon evaluation of the effects of OVX and AAA induction, AAA incidence rate and the aneurysm diameter increased in the OVX group. However, the histopathology in the developed AAA wall was not different between groups. When the effects of OVX on the vascular wall without AAA induction were evaluated, elastin and collagen levels were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 significantly increased in the OVX group. According to our results, it is speculated that decreased levels of collagen and elastin fibers induced by OVX might be involved in increased incidence rate and diameter of AAA. Weakening of the vascular wall before the onset of AAA might be one reason for the faster rate of AAA growth in women.
A functional investigation of the suppression of CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies in plant RNA virus genomes
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad , Fros Jelke , Bertran Andre , Sechan Ferdyansyah , Odon Valerie , Torrance Leslie , Kormelink Richard , Simmonds Peter
Published: December 2019

Frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides in most plant RNA virus genomes show degrees of suppression comparable to those of vertebrate RNA viruses. While pathways that target CpG and UpAs in HIV-1 and echovirus 7 genomes and restrict their replication have been partly characterised, whether an analogous process drives dinucleotide underrepresentation in plant viruses remains undetermined. We examined replication phenotypes of compositionally modified mutants of potato virus Y (PVY) in which CpG or UpA frequencies were maximised in non-structural genes (including helicase and polymerase encoding domains) while retaining protein coding. PYV mutants with increased CpG dinucleotide frequencies showed a dose-dependent reduction in systemic spread and pathogenicity and up to 1000-fold attenuated replication kinetics in distal sites on agroinfiltration of tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana). Even more extraordinarily, comparably modified UpA-high mutants displayed no pathology and over a million-fold reduction in replication. Tobacco plants with knockdown of RDP6 displayed similar attenuation of CpG- and UpA-high mutants suggesting that restriction occurred independently of the plant siRNA antiviral responses. Despite the evolutionary gulf between plant and vertebrate genomes and encoded antiviral strategies, these findings point towards the existence of novel virus restriction pathways in plants functionally analogous to innate defence components in vertebrate cells.
The hypothalamus to brainstem circuit suppresses late-onset body weight gain
Authors: Maejima Yuko , Kato Shigeki , Horita Shoichiro , Ueta Yoichi , Takenoshita Seiichi , Kobayashi Kazuto , Shimomura Kenju
Published: December 2019

Body weight (BW) is regulated in age-dependent manner; it continues to increase during growth period, and reaches a plateau once reaching adulthood. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Regarding such mechanisms in the brain, we here report that neural circuits from the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus: PVN) to the brainstem (dorsal vagal complex: DVC) suppress late-onset BW gain without affecting food intake. The genetic suppression of the PVN-DVC circuit induced BW increase only in aged rats, indicating that this circuit contributes to suppress the BW at a fixed level after reaching adulthood. PVN neurons in the hypothalamus were inactive in younger rats but active in aged rats. The density of neuropeptide Y (NPY) terminal/fiber is reduced in the aged rat PVN area. The differences in neuronal activity, including oxytocin neurons in the PVN, were affected by the application of NPY or its receptor inhibitor, indicating that NPY is a possible regulator of this pathway. Our data provide new insights into understanding age-dependent BW regulation.
Preservation and recovery of mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks in abandoned shrimp ponds
Authors: Elwin Angie , Bukoski Jacob J. , Jintana Vipak , Robinson Elizabeth J. Z. , Clark Joanna M.
Published: December 2019

Mangrove forests capture and store exceptionally large amounts of carbon and are increasingly recognised as an important ecosystem for carbon sequestration. Yet land-use change in the tropics threatens this ecosystem and its critical ‘blue carbon’ (carbon stored in marine and coastal habitats) stores. The expansion of shrimp aquaculture is among the major causes of mangrove loss globally. Here, we assess the impact of mangrove to shrimp pond conversion on ecosystem carbon stocks, and carbon losses and gains over time after ponds are abandoned. Our assessment is based on an intensive field inventory of carbon stocks at a coastal setting in Thailand. We show that although up to 70% of ecosystem carbon is lost when mangroves are converted to shrimp ponds, some abandoned ponds contain deep mangrove soils (>2.5 m) and large carbon reservoirs exceeding 865 t carbon per hectare. We also found a positive recovery trajectory for carbon stocks in the upper soil layer (0–15 cm) of a chronosequence of abandoned ponds, associated with natural mangrove regeneration. Our data suggest that mangrove carbon pools can rebuild in abandoned ponds over time in areas exposed to tidal flushing.
Influence of muscle length on the stretch-shortening cycle in skinned rabbit soleus
Authors: Fukutani Atsuki , Isaka Tadao
Published: December 2019

Muscle force generated during shortening is instantaneously increased after active stretch. This phenomenon is called as stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) effect. It has been suggested that residual force enhancement contributes to the SSC effect. If so, the magnitude of SSC effect should be larger in the longer muscle length condition, because the residual force enhancement is prominent in the long muscle length condition. This hypothesis was examined by performing the SSC in the short and long muscle length conditions. Skinned fibers obtained from rabbit soleus (N = 20) were used in this study. To calculate the magnitude of SSC effect, the SSC trial (isometric-eccentric-concentric-isometric) and the control trial (isometric-concentric-isometric) were conducted in the short (within the range of 2.4 to 2.7 μm) and long muscle (within the range of 3.0 to 3.3 μm). The magnitude of SSC effect was calculated as the relative increase in the mechanical work attained during the shortening phase between control and SSC trials. As a result, the magnitude of SSC effect was significantly larger in the long (176.8 ± 18.1%) than in the short muscle length condition (157.4 ± 8.5%) (p < 0.001). This result supports our hypothesis that the magnitude of SSC effect is larger in the longer muscle length condition, possibly due to the larger magnitude of residual force enhancement.
Cascading effects of temperature alterations on trophic ecology of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Authors: Smoliński Szymon , Glazaczow Adam
Published: December 2019

The aims of this project were to study: diet composition, food selectivity and the phenology of different prey items in grayling’s (Thymallus thymallus) diet. It was hypothesized, that alterations in mayfly emergence, caused by reservoir-induced thermal changes, have consequences for trophic ecology of drift-feeding fish. Sampling of fish and macroinvertebrates were conducted in two closely located rivers, one human-modified and the other an undisturbed river. Grayling preyed mainly on aquatic insects, but only mayflies were preferred. Seasonal changes of the fish diet were observed, and air temperature is considered a predictor of prey occurrence with different time lags, depending on the biology of the organisms. Significant differences in the abundances and probability of mayfly occurrence between two studied rivers were shown. The observed phenological shift suggests that distorted environmental cues were experienced by the Ephemeroptera in the modified river. The “lost generation” of insects which failed to complete development became a new food for fish. The results presented indicate that reservoir-induced thermal alterations in the rivers, similarly to climate change, can lead to a chain of consequences in the ecosystems. Taking into consideration the projected climate scenarios, further monitoring and forecasting of these effects are considered an important step for future mitigating actions and adaptive management of water resources.
Big Data Integration and Inference
Authors: Watanabe-Sailor Karen H. , Aladjov Hristo , Bell Shannon M. , Burgoon Lyle , Cheng Wan-Yun , Conolly Rory , Edwards Stephen W. , Garcia-Reyero Nàtalia , Mayo Michael L. , Schroeder Anthony , Wittwehr Clemens , Perkins Edward J.
Published: December 2019

Toxicology data are generated on large scales by toxicogenomic studies and high-throughput screening (HTS) programmes, and on smaller scales by traditional methods. Both big and small data have value for elucidating toxicological mechanisms and pathways that are perturbed by chemical stressors. In addition, years of investigations comprise a wealth of knowledge as reported in the literature that is also used to interpret new data, though knowledge is not often captured in traditional databases. With the big data era, computer automation to analyse and interpret datasets is needed, which requires aggregation of data and knowledge from all available sources. This chapter reviews ongoing efforts to aggregate toxicological knowledge in a knowledge base, based on the Adverse Outcome Pathways framework, and provides examples of data integration and inferential analysis for use in (predictive) toxicology.
Big Data and Biokinetics
Authors: Yoon Miyoung , Song Gina , Clewell Harvey , Blaauboer Bas
Published: December 2019

The new paradigm for toxicity testing and safety assessment replaces the emphasis from being based on apical endpoints in animal studies to an approach incorporating knowledge of modes of action in human cellular systems together with biokinetics. With this shift, there is an increasing demand for rapid evaluation and prediction of biokinetics. The development of an easy-to-use and robust computational approach based on alternative approaches is critically required to fully incorporate biokinetics into modern toxicity testing, particularly to accommodate the need to translate a large amount of information from high-throughput in vitro toxicity assays results. This chapter describes the use of big data to define a comprehensive physiological/biochemical modelling framework to rapidly predict in vivo biokinetics of chemicals. The ultimate goal is to support interpretation of high-volume toxicity data on large numbers of chemicals in an efficient way while increasing in vivo relevance in the context of human safety.
Optimized trimetallic benzotriazole-5-carboxylate MOFs with coordinately unsaturated active sites as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yuan Jian-Tao , Hou Juan-Juan , Liu Xue-Li , Feng Ya-Ru , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: December 2019

Enhanced OER performance of bimetallic and trimetallic MOFs were gained through synergistic effect in Fe/Co/Ni unsaturated coordination sites.
Bis(alkyl) scandium and yttrium complexes coordinated by an amidopyridinate ligand: synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance in isoprene polymerization, hydroelementation and carbon dioxide hydrosilylation
Authors: Gurina G. A. , Kissel A. A. , Lyubov D. M. , Luconi L. , Rossin A. , Tuci G. , Cherkasov A. V. , Lyssenko K. A. , Shavyrin A. S. , Ob'edkov A. M. , Giambastiani G. , Trifonov A. A.
Published: December 2019

Highly versatile and robust organolanthanides as catalysts or catalyst precursors for a variety of challenging transformations.
Thick grain boundary induced strengthening in nanocrystalline Ni alloy
Authors: Ding Jie , Neffati D. , Li Qiang , Su R. , Li Jin , Xue S. , Shang Z. , Zhang Y. , Wang H. , Kulkarni Y. , Zhang X.
Published: December 2019

Mo enriched thick GBs in nanocrystalline Ni alloy are stronger barriers than conventional GBs to the transmission of dislocations.
The synthesis and applications of chiral pyrrolidine functionalized metal–organic frameworks and covalent-organic frameworks
Authors: Zhou Mi , El-Sayed El-Sayed M. , Ju Zhanfeng , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang
Published: December 2019

Proline based ligands show versatile functionality to construct chiral MOFs and COFs; meanwhile, the resulted frameworks are potential materials for enantioselective adsorption and asymmetric catalysis.
3D interconnected nitrogen-self-doped carbon aerogels as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts derived from biomass gelatin
Authors: Yang Haoqi , Kou Shuqing , Li Zhiyuan , Chang Zhiyong , Wang Mi , Liu Zhenning , Lu Guolong
Published: December 2019

Development of efficient metal-free electrocatalysts derived from biomass with high activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has gained significance attention due to their low manufacturing cost, environmental friendliness and easy large-scale production.
TADF and exciplex emission in a xanthone–carbazole derivative and tuning of its electroluminescence with applied voltage
Authors: Siddiqui Qamar T. , Awasthi Ankur A. , Bhui Prabhjyot , Parab Pradnya , Muneer Mohammad , Bose Sangita , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: December 2019

Xanthone–carbazole (Xan–Cbz) derivative is synthesized and its photophysical properties are explored. OLEDs of Xan–Cbz shows tunability of electro-luminescence with applied voltage.
High efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells with VOC–JSC trade off eradication by interfacial engineering of the photoanode|electrolyte interface
Authors: Gopalraman Anantharaj , Karuppuchamy Subbian , Vijayaraghavan Saranyan
Published: December 2019

VOC–JSC trade off is eliminated. Newly created surface states by OA in TiO2 facilitated the charge transfer kinetics.
Synthesis of N-doped carbon dots and application in vanillin detection based on collisional quenching
Authors: Wang Yongping , Yue Qiaoli , Hu Yingying , Liu Chen , Tao Lixia , Zhang Cong
Published: December 2019

N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) exhibit bright blue emissions and have been used as viable fluorescent probes in the turn-off fluorometric assay for vanillin detection.
Construction of a crystalline 14-metal Zn–Nd rectangular nanocluster with a dual-emissive response towards metal ions
Authors: Liu Jieni , Yang Xiaoping , Zhu Ting , Yuan Bichen , Chen Hongfen , Shi Dongliang , Schipper Desmond , Jones Richard A.
Published: December 2019

A crystalline 14-metal Zn–Nd nanocluster was constructed, and it shows ligand-centered and lanthanide fluorescence response towards metal ions.
Controlling solubility: a chemical approach toward preparing nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres
Authors: Lin Hua , Ye Wanyue , Liu Yingcen , Liu Minghui , Song Caicheng , Zhang Hao , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen
Published: December 2019

A new protocol to synthesize nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres by controlled compositional distribution of polymeric component, followed by post-treating of formaldehyde solution.
Room-temperature synthesized porous Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 hybrid nanowires as a high-performance electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Mengxuan , Li Zhijie , Fang Qisheng , Han Shaobo , Cai Chao , Li Hao , Shen Wenzhong , Liu Xiaoteng , Fu YongQing
Published: December 2019

Porous Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 hybrid nanowires were efficiently prepared from the [Cu(tu)]Cl·1/2H2O (tu = thiourea) precursor in the solution of 2 M KOH and showed large capacity.
Self-supported nanostructured iridium-based networks as highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in acidic media
Authors: Jensen Anders W. , Sievers Gustav W. , Jensen Kim D. , Quinson Jonathan , Arminio-Ravelo José Alejandro , Brüser Volker , Arenz Matthias , Escudero-Escribano María
Published: December 2019

IrOx-networks exhibit excellent catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution in acid media. A novel alternating sputtering process enabled simple and scalable fabrication of self-supported and highly dispersed iridium networks.
Enhanced photovoltaic effect in Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 ferroelectric thin films by tuning the thickness
Authors: Cui Xiaxia , Li Yong , Li Xiaowei , Hao Xihong
Published: December 2019

An enhanced photovoltaic performance is achieved by self-polarization of Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O3 ferroelectric thin films by tuning the driving force based on the change of thickness.
Mixed-ligand engineering of quasi-2D perovskites for efficient sky-blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zeng Siyuan , Shi Shasha , Wang Shirong , Xiao Yin
Published: December 2019

Color-stable light-emitting diodes based on quasi-2D PEA- and BA-perovskite with DMA as a co-ligand afford sky-blue (490 nm) and bluish green (499 nm) emission with a maximum luminance of 2825 and 7760 cd m−2 respectively.
A self-powered solar-blind photodetector with largeVocenhancing performance based on the PEDOT:PSS/Ga2O3organic–inorganic hybrid heterojunction
Authors: Li Shan , Yan Zuyong , Liu Zeng , Chen Jun , Zhi Yusong , Guo Daoyou , Li Peigang , Wu Zhenping , Tang Weihua
Published: December 2019

A self-powered solar-blind photodetector with largeVocenhancing performance is constructed on the PEDOT:PSS/Ga2O3hybrid heterojunction.
Compact quasi‐Yagi antenna with enhanced bandwidth and stable high gain
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhuang Jian‐Jun
Published: December 2019

A compact double‐dipole driver is constructed for designing quasi‐Yagi antenna with enhanced bandwidth and stable high gain. It is composed of a magnetic dipole and a folded electric dipole, realised by cylinder dielectric resonator and split‐ring resonator. The two dipoles operate at two close frequencies, leading to bandwidth enhancement. Meanwhile, the gains of the two dipoles are also close so that the stable gain in the operating band is obtained, which can be entirely enhanced by the zero‐index metamaterial in front of the dual‐dipole driver. For demonstration, an antenna prototype centred at about 9.6 GHz is implemented and measured. The simulated and measured results are given, showing good agreement.
Novel technique for transmission line parameters estimation using synchronised sampled data
Authors: Bendjabeur Abdelhamid , Kouadri Abdelmalek , Mekhilef Saad
Published: December 2019

Accurate transmission line parameters values are of high importance in setting protection relays and rigorous locating faults that may occur along the transmission network. For this purpose, the work reported in this study presents a new technique for the delicate determination of transmission lines parameters that are uniformly distributed along the line length. The developed technique is able to approximate the steady‐state profiles for the transmission line voltage and current as a function of time and line length by given sets of polynomials that, in turn, are substituted in model equations. Synchronised time‐domain data, recorded from both line terminals, are utilised as boundary conditions for the distributed‐parameter transmission line model. The well‐known Galerkin method is adopted to transform the line model into a system of non‐linear algebraic equations to be solved. This system of algebraic equations is converted to residuals that are consequently regrouped in a cost function to be optimised. Thereby, the series resistance, series inductance and the shunt capacitance per line length are the parameters minimising the cost function. Both simulations and calculation are performed with MATLAB software. The obtained results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the new approach.
Voltage sag/swell waveform analysis method based on multi‐dimension characterisation
Authors: Hu Wen‐Xi , Xiao Xian‐Yong , Zheng Zi‐Xuan
Published: December 2019

Voltage magnitude and sag duration are known as acknowledged basic voltage sag characteristics in the last decades. However, these values cannot meet the demands of waveform analysis in the modern smart grid. Therefore, voltage sag multi‐dimension characterisation is required to extract more essential information from measured waveforms. This study focuses on the unsolved issue that how to obtain required characteristics from voltage sag waveforms effectively. Overall, multi‐dimension characterisation method contains several parts: voltage sag detection, segmentation and characteristics calculation. Fundamental voltage magnitude and phase angle, obtained by the proposed adaptive generalised morphology filter, are segmented in several parts. Then, a set of characteristics are calculated to characterise the voltage sag waveform in a multi‐dimensional way. Performance of the proposed method is validated by synthetic and measured waveforms. Results show that both detection and segmentation methods have better performance than existing typical methods, and multi‐dimension characteristics can be extracted from waveforms accurately. Moreover, the proposed method can be implemented in power quality monitoring system to support further sag studies.
Study on uncertainty reasoning of running reliability testing face to CNC machine
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Zuo Yunbo , Wang Hongjun , Xu Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

It is necessary to test the reliability of the operation of the machine itself for meeting the high‐speed, ultra‐precision, flexible, and other modern manufacturing and processing needs. In practical applications, the obtained reliability detection information presents a variety of uncertainties such as randomness, imprecision, incompleteness and so on, due to the complexity of the machining environment, the limitations of the sensor itself and the imperfections of the information acquisition technology. The uncertainty reasoning method is proposed to test reliability and accuracy precision. Based on the multi‐sensor information characteristic, the rule of the credibility sets is established to achieve the operational reliability analysis. It can realise the uncertainty reasoning for the modal and reliability rules. Examples of analysis show that during the high‐end CNC machine tools operational reliability analysis, it has a practical effect to study the uncertainty reasoning method of the modal and reliability propositional rule and the analysis basis can be provided for the precision degradation and fault diagnosis.
Deep learning‐based research on the influence of training data size for breast cancer pathology detection
Authors: Cui Chongyang , Fan Shangchun , Lei Han , Qu Xiaolei , Zheng Dezhi
Published: December 2019

In pathological diagnosis of breast cancer, there are problems such as shortage of pathologists, difficulties in sample labeling, and huge workload of manual diagnosis. Therefore, deep learning‐based computer‐assisted pathology analysis systems have been developed to diagnose breast cancer and have achieved impressive results. However, it is difficult to obtain a large number of training sets due to the scarcity of pathological images and the huge labeling costs. Therefore, the size of the training set should be planned before building the pathology computer‐assisted breast cancer analysis system. Here, the authors present a study to determine the optimal size of the training data set needed to achieve high classification accuracy when developing a pathology computer‐assisted breast cancer analysis system. The authors trained two kind of CNNs using six different sizes of training data set and then tested the resulting system with a total of 10,000 images. All images were acquired from the Camelyon17 challenge. Here, the authors propose a scheme for determining the size of the training set and the size of the model in developing the pathology computer‐assisted breast cancer analysis systems, which can be easily applied to develop systems for other different pathological images.
Method of extracting gear fault feature based on stacked autoencoder
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liu Yulong , Gu Yuhai , Xu Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

Gear and its transmission are widely used in different transmission systems, and its complicated and changeable condition brings a series of problems to the fault feature extraction and diagnosis. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been gradually applied to feature extraction and pattern recognition, and the features of feature extraction and fault diagnosis in complex working environments have shown certain advantages. This study is based on stacked autoencoder under deep learning model, and improve training network performance by modified activation function. Through the network training before and after the experiment done, and to extract the fault feature data comparison in testing, improving network after activation function to extract fault features showed a greater advantage, can be a very good application in practical fault feature extraction.
Research on a diagnostic method of gear wear fault degree based on ultra‐complete independent component analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiwei , Xu Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

In this study, a diagnostic method for gear wear fault is proposed, which is based on the ultra‐complete independent component analysis. The ultra‐complete analysis model is constructed, and the similar source signals more than mixing signals are separated. Based on the typical features of the fault source signal, the useful component of the mixing signals can be found. As the fault source signal and similar fault source signal are similar, the magnification range of similar shapes can be estimated by using the interval estimation method. The mapping between one‐way varying magnification time domain and rotary component fault degree is identified, and the fault degree judgment standard can be established. Thus, the fault degree can be determined. The method is used to deal with the state monitoring data of the gear, and the analysis results show that the diagnostic method is of practical value.
Sitting posture recognition by body pressure distribution and airbag regulation strategy based on seat comfort evaluation
Authors: Yongxiang Jiang , Jingle Duan , Sanpeng Deng , Yuming Qi , Peng Wang , Zijing Wang , Tianjiang Zhang
Published: December 2019

Unbalanced body pressure distribution caused by poor sitting posture is a significant factor causing lumbar disease. Research on the dynamic adjustment strategy for comfort sitting posture is of great significance to the prevention and improvement of lumbar disease. In this study, based on the pressure sensor array, the body pressure distribution in different sitting postures are obtained, including: back bow, waist bow, body slip, body right leaning, standard sitting position, and body left leaning. The recognition of the human body posture was achieved using the support vector machine algorithm and the accuracy rate reach to 83.33%. Furthermore, the evaluation indicators for sitting comfort of the human body are proposed using the maximum pressure, average pressure, maximum pressure gradient, average pressure gradient and asymmetry coefficient, the accuracy of the above indicators were verified using semantic differential subjective evaluation method. Experimental results show that there is a strong positive correlation between objective indicators and seat comfort. In addition, the dynamic adjustment strategy using airbag base on seat comfort evaluation is studied.
Modal simulation and experiment analysis of coriolis mass flowmeter
Authors: Zhao Juan , Li Zhongxiang , Zheng Dezhi , Fan Shangchun
Published: December 2019

This article describes the simulation and experimental determination of the oscillation modes of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF). The authors use the SolidWorks software to create a suitable model which is a double U‐type of CMF. Based on SolidWorks software, the authors established the double‐U tube model for CMF, adopted ANSYS‐Workbench simulation software to make the modal analysis, and the exciting mode and Coriolis force mode of CMF are obtained by simulation. According to the results of modal analysis, the authors made the harmonic response analysis of the Flowmeter, got the displacement amplitude of the U‐shaped tube excited by different frequency loads under the exciting force, and the maximum displacement amplitude at the resonant frequency was determined. Next, the authors use a laser vibrometer to perform an experimental modal test on the flowmeter. The result of the simulation of the finite element model was verified by modal test of the flowmeter. Provides an effective reference for CMF modelling and simulation in the future.
Mathematical model development for superplastic forming of sheet shells by subliming agent gas pressure
Authors: Anishchenko Oleksandr , Kukhar Volodymyr , Agarkov Viktor , Vorobeva Alla
Published: December 2019

The authors presented in the article an analytical model of superplastic forming of spherical shells by pressure of the gas (gaseous phase) created upon sublimation of sublimate agent. Sublimate was placed in a hermetic cavity between the workpiece and the presser cover and heated to the temperature of its sublimation. The model uses the Berthelot equation for the state of real gases, the Bernoulli relation, and the F. Jovane equations for adjusting the shell forming pressure as a function of its relative height, the heat balance equation for the sublimation process, and the Clausius-Clapeyron relation for sublimation of substances. The authors showed that the superplastic forming pressure control can be effectively applied by the way of change in the forming temperature relative to temperature of sublimate agent sublimation. The experimental results of forming of shells from aluminum alloys AlMg3Mn, AlMg5Mn and AlMg6Mn, confirming theoretical calculations of the velocity and temperature conditions of superplastic forming by the sublimating agent pressure.
Microbiological treatment system of storage ponds
Authors: Kovaleva Olga , Sannikova Natalia
Published: December 2019

One of the main sources of water pollution is industry, including food production enterprises. Wastewater of this industry is intensively polluted with easily decomposable organic substances, which can cause great damage to water bodies. Existing wastewater treatment technologies are extremely energy-consuming due to deficiencies in the analysis of the composition of liquid media, which can reveal an excess of maximum permissible concentrations of not more than ten percent of the total amount of normalized pollution. In the present paper, data on the existing wastewater discharge obtained by the laboratory method are presented, and the level of their pollution is estimated. Information about the developed Microbiological Treatment System and its ability to reduce pollutant concentrations is presented: for suspended solids by 17 times, for mass concentration of fats by 17 times, for BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) by 45 times, for COD (chemical oxygen demand) by 10 times, in artificially created storage ponds.
Application of BIM technology in operation of port marine structures
Authors: Garibin Pavel , Ol’khovik Evgeniy
Published: December 2019

The features of the BIM model development for marine port facilities operation are discussed. Infrastructure objects differ significantly from linear and area objects, the use of information modeling for transport infrastructure requires a new approach to organization of design, construction and especially for operation. Most seaports were built long ago and there is not to have the project documentation for them. It is therefore very relevant is the problem of adapting existing building and design documentation to develop models of operation. Infrastructure projects always have a large number of interconnections that are irregular and difficult to formalize into an information model. Port berthing facilities in an intensive mode interact with the courts, a water space, the cargo base and special cargo handling equipment. On the example of the design model of the seaport, we collected sufficient data for their further integration into the BIM model and the transfer of information in digital form for its repeated use at different stages of the life cycle of the seaport. The individual information schemes and elements for standardization of the design of offshore mooring structures, taking into account of turnover in object-oriented format with attribute data are offered. The model includes the necessary information on all parameters of operation of the berthing facility, planning of measures for emergency situations, standard calendar work plan, schedules for monitoring the technical condition, financial estimates for operational maintenance, repairs, etc. The activities on the automation of deformation monitoring system, calculation of structural strength of the main structural elements and control risks are additionally proposed. The transition to life-cycle contracts in the operation of marine berthing facilities is justified.
Classification of air pollution criteria for the improvement of methodical approaches to ensure the environmental safety of major cities
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Gurova Oksana , Samarskaya Natalya , Paramonova Oksana
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring environmental safety in the territories of large cities, primarily, to reducing atmospheric air pollution. The aim of the work was to build a comprehensive classification scheme of sources of pollutant emissions into the air basin of the territories of large cities, taking into account the climatic and physicalgeographical conditions of the considered urban areas. In the process of research, we solved the problem of identifying the basic principles of classification of air pollution sources based on the analysis of known methodological approaches with the subsequent improvement of calculation methods to justify the spatial distribution of residential areas, industrial areas, motorways, recreational areas, effective sanitary protective zones taking into account aerodynamics to remove polluted air outside the city territory. A generalized classification of sources of pollutant emissions into the environment is proposed, while the sources of air pollution in urban areas are classified according to the following main criteria: by origin, by aerodynamic parameters and by the nature of the direction of the emission plume, by spatial position and possible mobility, in terms of size in plan, in height of the spread of the emission plume, taking into account the height of the mouth of the source of the emission of pollutants above the level of the earth’s surface, in temperature of air-gas mixture, according to the mode of action.
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from renewable energy technologies in agricultural sectors of Uzbekistan
Authors: Anarbaev Anvar , Tursunov Obid , Kodirov Dilshod , Muzafarov Shavkat , Babayev Aziz , Sanbetova Amangul , Batirova Lolita , Mirzaev Bakhadir
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of calculations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural sectors of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the project: “Sustainable Agriculture Development and Climate Change Mitigation”. The initial data were the characteristics of the implemented installations based on renewable energy sources for the period of 2014-2018. Most of these installations were biogas settings based on the principle of anaerobic fermentation, as well as solar water heating and photovoltaic stations. The calculations were performed according to the “AMS-III.D” and “AMS-I.J” methods by the “Global Environmental Fund” experts. The developed computer programs were applied to calculate the arrival of radiation and the duration of sunshine during the year on the territory of Uzbekistan. According to the calculations, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was 1338840.5 tons of CO2for the indicated period during the operation of installations based on renewable energy sources. Within the framework of this project, the total potential of generating electric energy from biogas settings and solar photovoltaic stations at the amount of 10,424 MWh was estimated.
Utilization of disperse metalworking wastes in the building ceramic production
Authors: Skanavi Natalia
Published: December 2019

This work is aimed at studying of possibility to use disperse metalwork wastes for building ceramic products manufacture. We performed the overall study of the composition and properties of the steel waterjet cutting disperse wastes and their behavior as part of the ceramic paste and baked ceramics. We noticed a positive effect of the wastes’ additives on the ceramic properties for three types of polymineral clay raw materials: reduction of air and fire shrinkage, strength improvement at optimal wastes content in the mixture, possibility to get quality baked ceramics at 900-950°C, improvement of the material hydro physical properties and possibility to vary the products’ colors. The received results allowed us to make a conclusion about possibility to use the steel waterjet cutting disperse wastes in the building ceramic production as a polyfunctional component: effective thinning agent, fluxing agent and component for volume coloring.
The theory of degradation for polymer concrete in complex stress state
Authors: Moreva Yuliya , Varlamov Andrey , Novoselova Yuliya
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the features of the application of the theory of degradation to the work of an integrated structure operating in a complex stress state. The analysis of the work of an integrated structure consisting of a steel shell filled with concrete (core structure). Based on the analysis of the construction work, we obtained the relations connecting the deformations of the steel shell and the polymer concrete core of the complex structure. The obtained relations made it possible to apply the diagrams of concrete work for uniaxial compression to analyze the possibility of using concrete as a core of an integrated structure. Experimental studies of the polymer concrete core of the structure were conducted. In total, ten concrete compositions were made and investigated. The compositions of concrete differed in cementitious: cement and polyester resin. As a filler used sand, gravel, ground clay, marble flour, soda and fine mineral fibers. Samples were tested for central and eccentric compression. During the tests used the methods used in testing cement concrete. As a result of the tests, complete schedules of the work of materials for uniaxial compression were obtained. The analysis of the energy characteristics of concrete schedules based on the theory of degradation is carried out. As a result of the discussion of the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using polymer concrete as the supporting core of an integrated structure with an external steel shell.
Improving the accuracy of manufacturing long shafts and axes of precast rotors
Authors: Popov Mikhail , Popov Andrei , Al-Obaidi Luai
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the methods which help to achieve precision of manufacturing long parts by means of mathematical modeling and dimensional analysis. The possibility of three-dimensional modeling of the shaft of the beater combine harvester “Vector” is considered and the model of turning of a long shaft is presented. The solution of problems arising in the manufacture of long shafts is possible by selecting the best way to install the work piece on the machine and calculate the optimal allowances of the work piece. Method of ad-justing the milling machine, using a special complex is introduced. For the analysis of technological process we will use the method of graph theory. Graph functional relationships established technological dimensional chains and is made up of the original equation. The solution of these equations allows us to find the optimal operating allowances and dimensions in the axial direction. To simplify and improve the calculations, we use the T-Flex CAD 3D complex module, translating the obtained formulas into a parametric table and linking the variables with the 3D-model. Thus, we obtain a simulation dynamic model of dimensional connections of the technological process of manufacturing the shaft. Simulation of dimensional connections of the shaft manufacturing process in the radial direction also determined the operating allowances and dimensions. The proposed research methods are universal and can be applied to any details of this class.
Effect of fragmentation and pacing at spot ploughing on dry soils
Authors: Mirzaev Bakhadir , MaMatov Farmon , Ergashev Ismoil , Ravshanov Hamraqul , Mirzaxodjaev Sherzodxuja , Kurbanov Sherzod , Kodirov Uchqun , Ergashev Gayrat
Published: December 2019

Seedbed preparation to achieve desired aggregate size requires many tillage operations when performed on dry soil. A very common implement used for the initial operation is the moldboard plough, subsequent passes may include disk, chisel ploughs, cultivators, rototillers and harrows. Therefore ploughing should form flat soil surface to ensure favorable conditions for performance of subsequent operations. Mechanical reconsolidation by fragmenting and packing at spot ploughing on dry soils was studied in a soil bin, and on loam soil in the field. The results show that in dry soil fragmentation by ploughing and packing is attained by tearing the natural clods from each other and by stressing and translocating them. The maximum bulk density after ploughing was about 964 kg m-3, after ploughing and packing was about 1071 kg m-3 . Packing considerably reduced soil surface roughness from about 0.12m to 0.04m. Moreover, packing by rolling increased soil fragmentation from about 68.2 % (after ploughing) to 79.8 %. A series of experiments showed that the roller had only a slight influence on draught resistance. The spot ploughing draught were increased about 1.3% at this operating conditions.
On the issue of fuzzy timing estimations of the algorithms running at GPU and CPU architectures
Authors: Agibalov Oleg , Ventsov Nikolay
Published: December 2019

We consider the task of comparing fuzzy estimates of the execution parameters of genetic algorithms implemented at GPU (graphics processing unit’ GPU) and CPU (central processing unit) architectures. Fuzzy estimates are calculated based on the averaged dependencies of the genetic algorithms running time at GPU and CPU architectures from the number of individuals in the populations processed by the algorithm. The analysis of the averaged dependences of the genetic algorithms running time at GPU and CPU-architectures showed that it is possible to process 10’000 chromosomes at GPU-architecture or 5’000 chromosomes at CPUarchitecture by genetic algorithm in approximately 2’500 ms. The following is correct for the cases under consideration: “Genetic algorithms (GA) are performed in approximately 2, 500 ms (on average), ” and a sections of fuzzy sets, with a = 0.5, correspond to the intervals [2, 000.2399] for GA performed at the GPU-architecture, and [1, 400.1799] for GA performed at the CPU-architecture. Thereby, it can be said that in this case, the actual execution time of the algorithm at the GPU architecture deviates in a lesser extent from the average value than at the CPU.
Design of agricultural machinery upon reliability indices
Authors: Manshin Yuriy , Manshina Elena
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The formation of an algorithm for designing mechanical systems machines in terms of reliability is considered. The algorithm is built with account for the latest publications on the standardization of reliability indices of machines and components at the initial stages of the project. The recovery cost technique, free from the need to use the exponential law when distributing reliability indices between system elements, is presented. The concepts of the required and achieved reliability factors and methods for obtaining them at different stages of the project are introduced. The possibilities of the project modification to provide a given level of reliability are considered. Research objective is to combine modern scientific developments on the standardization of reliability indices of machines, components, and methods for obtaining the required operation life with the design drafting stages.