bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Machine Learning Methods to Genomic Selection in Breeding Wheat for Rust Resistance
Authors: González‐Camacho Juan Manuel , Ornella Leonardo , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Gianola Daniel , Dreisigacker Susanne , Crossa José
Published: April 2018

New methods and algorithms are being developed for predicting untested phenotypes in schemes commonly used in genomic selection (GS). The prediction of disease resistance in GS has its own peculiarities: a) there is consensus about the additive nature of quantitative adult plant resistance (APR) genes, although epistasis has been found in some populations; b) rust resistance requires effective combinations of major and minor genes; and c) disease resistance is commonly measured based on ordinal scales (e.g., scales from 1–5, 1–9, etc.). Machine learning (ML) is a field of computer science that uses algorithms and existing samples to capture characteristics of target patterns. In this paper we discuss several state‐of‐the‐art ML methods that could be applied in GS. Many of them have already been used to predict rust resistance in wheat. Others are very appealing, given their performance for predicting other wheat traits with similar characteristics. We briefly describe the proposed methods in the Appendix.
A New Probe of Line-of-sight Magnetic Field Tangling
Authors: Clark S. E.
Published: April 2018

The Galactic neutral hydrogen (H i ) sky at high Galactic latitudes is suffused with linear structure. Particularly prominent in narrow spectral intervals, these linear H i features are well aligned with the plane-of-sky magnetic field orientation as measured with optical starlight polarization and polarized thermal dust emission. We analyze the coherence of the orientation of these features with respect to line-of-sight velocity, and propose a new metric to quantify this H i coherence. We show that H i coherence is linearly correlated with the polarization fraction of 353 GHz dust emission. H i coherence constitutes a novel method for measuring the degree of magnetic field tangling along the line of sight in the diffuse interstellar medium. We propose applications of this property for H i -based models of the polarized dust emission in diffuse regions, and for studies of frequency decorrelation in the polarized dust foreground to the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
Endothelial dysfunction: comparative evaluation of ultrasound dopplerography, laser dopplerflowmetry and direct monitoring of arterial pressure for conducting pharmacological tests in rats
Authors: Soldatov Vladislav O. , Malorodova Tatyana N. , Balamutova Tatiana I. , Ksenofontov Andrey O. , Dovgan’ Anton P. , Urozhevskaya Zhanna S.
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The importance of the problem of endothelial dysfunction makes it essential to improve approaches to its evaluation. Due to the high diagnostic potential of ultrasound dopplerography, this method is promising in the study of endothelial function.

Objective:To study endothelial function when conducting vascular pharmacological tests in the norm and with the blockade of the nitric oxide synthesis by means of the ultrasound method for examining the central blood flow velocity in the femoral artery of the rat in comparison with changes of systemic haemodynamics and microcirculation velocity in the medial vastus muscle using laser Doppler flowmetry.

Materials and methods: In the norm and in conditions of deficiency of endogenous nitric oxide, three methods for assessing haemodynamics were used simultaneously: 1) dopplerography using the ultrasoundDoppler system (Minimax-Doppler-K, St Petersburg); 2) laser doppler flowmetry using the TDS144 sensor (Biopac MP-150, USA); 3) recording the arterial pressure in the carotid artery by means of a catheter connected to a TDS-160-A sensor (Biopac MP-150, USA). To study the vasoregulatory function of the endothelium under conditions of multicomponent monitoring of haemodynamics, functional vascular tests were performed using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside.

Results: Quantification of endothelial dysfunction when conducting pharmacological tests with endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilation is most significant when calculating the coefficient reflecting the ratio of areas of vascular response. Theblood flow velocity parameters recorded by using Doppler ultrasound showed a high correlation level with both arterial pressure and with a linear microcirculation rate. The most comprehensive dopplerographic indices for evaluating the function of the endothelium by conducting pharmacological tests in the norm and in the case of pathology, are the estimated systolic-diastolic difference in blood flow velocities (ΔVs-Vd) in the femoral artery. The study of the endothelial function when conducting vascular pharmacological tests in the norm and with nitric oxide synthesis blockaded, by means of the ultrasound examination of the central blood flow velocity in the femoral artery, is comparable to changing the haemodynamics parameters as well as velocity in microcirculation of the medial vastus muscle using laser Doppler flowmetry.

Conclusions: Ultrasonic dopplerography using the Minimax-Doppler-K device reflects the systemic and local vascular response to the administration of vasodilators both in the norm and with the blockade of the nitric oxide synthesis and makes it possible to conduct an informative assessment of the endothelial function.
Les migrations par le mariage : épouses souhaitées mais stigmatisées
Authors: Le Bail Hélène
Published: April 2018

Cet article d’état de littérature porte sur les migrations résultant de mariages transnationaux exogames dont l’augmentation coïncide avec la globalisation du marché matrimonial à partir des années 1980 et qui sont caractérisés par une forte surreprésentation des femmes migrantes. L’article focalise sur les recherches qui intègrent le phénomène dans le champ de réflexion de la globalisation du travail reproductif ainsi que dans celui du contrôle biopolitique des migrantes. Il montre la complémentarité des travaux qui décrivent ces migrations comme une source de main-d’œuvre recherchée et de ceux qui analysent comment les épouses migrantes deviennent la cible de discours sur la menace.
Le changement de la politique de l’énergie post‑Fukushima au Japon : une articulation policy/politics ambiguë
Authors: Tsuchiya Miyuki
Published: April 2018

Cet article analyse le changement des politiques de l’énergie et l’opérationnalisation de la notion de transition énergétique au Japon, à la suite de l’accident de Fukushima le 11 mars 2011. Dans un système fortement soumis à l’effet d’inertie, il s’agit d’appréhender l’impact d’un focusing event et la capacité au changement de la politique publique de l’énergie japonaise à l’aide de l’articulation des variables politics et policy . L’article analyse ainsi la manière dont la structure politico-bureaucratique se saisit de la question énergétique et les conséquences induites en termes de production des énergies renouvelables et nucléaire. Ainsi, alors que la question atomique a majoritairement été traitée politiquement sous un angle consensuel par les deux partis politiques majoritaires, cet article propose une analyse du développement de la transition énergétique au Japon suite à l’exploitation d’une fenêtre d’opportunité et un changement de la configuration des participants au processus décisionnel.
Information Management in Innovation Management
Authors: Magalhães Pessoa Cláudio Roberto , Jamil George Leal , Malheiro da Silva Armando , Elísio Marques Marco
Published: April 2018

Innovation is today condition sine qua non for any company that wants to survive in a competitive environment. It is important for the company to know the changes in the market more deeply: in the expectations of the customers, aiming to adapt its products to these changes, innovating both the portfolio and the processes, and therefore seeking better results. In this sense, it is imperative to include in the company's strategy the information management, which maximize the chance to provide correct information to the managers, at the right moment, subsidizing their actions. This chapter aims to present how the information management is inserted in the context of the organizations' innovation management. To this end, it will present theoretical concepts and models that allow managers to implement effective information management, searching better operational results.
Informal and Individual Practices of the Environmental Scanning in Organizations
Authors: Borges Natália Marroni , Janissek-Muniz Raquel
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out with the purpose of understanding how the environmental scanning practices are performed in organizations when it occurs informally and individually. Environmental scanning seeks to gather information from the external organizational environment in order to identify threats or opportunities. Although there are several approaches that bring these practices as a systematic and collective process in organizations, it is possible to identify these activities occurring individually and informally in companies. Through semi-structured interviews with 10 professionals of different hierarchical levels, it was observed that activities related to environmental scanning are carried out on an individual basis and without the knowledge of the organization. Although the practices of scanning the environment have been identified, difficulties have been encountered regarding to information transfer, trust in information, information sharing and sensemaking. In addition, because they are not institutionalized practices, they may be discontinuous and not controlled by the organizations.
Incubators Management Models
Authors: Machado Andreia de Bem , Catapan Araci Hack , Sousa Maria José
Published: April 2018

Management models are grounded in three basic pillars: people, processes, and technologies. In this scenario, the business incubator management model is fundamental because it is important for business incubators to meet the demands of new entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to map the incubator management models of companies in the world and national scenario. To do so, the methodology used was the integrative review of the literature using the Scopus database and regulations, international, and national documents. One of the problems encountered in these models is that most management models for business incubators describe a business incubator as a transformation mechanism, but do not explain in detail the incubator process and best management practices for the continuous improvement of incubated business.
Information Systems for the Management of the Organizations
Authors: Rascão José
Published: April 2018

This chapter investigates the key concepts of information systems, as well as the role of information in the information management activities, in terms of supporting decision making by different organizations' managers in the literature of information sciences and business sciences. The information has become, in the global economy, a source of value for organizations, assuming a key role in contributing to the development of the performance of the same. The relationship of information management with business management helps the process of decision making.
Innovation Management in Research and Development Projects
Authors: Cordón-Pérez Arturo , Solana-González Pedro , Pérez-González Daniel , Trigueros-Preciado Sara
Published: April 2018

This chapter studies the challenge of the management of the R&D and innovation (hereafter R&D+i) projects considering an empirical focus through an in-depth analysis of R&D+i project sample developed for industrial companies. This work evidences that, in order to innovation projects would be a success, it is necessary to ensure the participation of all stakeholders, from the conceptual and design phase of the project to the industrial-production and market phases and it must be taken into account the processes of watching and competitive intelligence, the continuous assessment of the viability of the projects, the industrialization of the results, and the innovation through the operating plans focused towards the market. Accordingly, the chapter presents the key performance factors to take into account for the improvement of R&D+i projects management and results.
Neuro-Model for Improving the University-Industry Collaboration and Intellectual Property
Authors: Ponce Pedro , Polasko Ken , Molina Arturo
Published: April 2018

Some universities in the United States are leading technology transfer by their many close partnerships with government and industry. This has benefited them financially and by enhancing their research reputation. Patent-based intellectual property is a determinant factor, so an adequate cost-aware model must be derived to understand the process completely. This chapter presents the design and results of an artificial neural network (ANN) which relates the patent cost and the primary inputs of the process to model performance. Such inputs are invention disclosure, new patents issued, U. S. patents issued, licenses and optional executed, and other major agreements. A prediction of patent's cost could help a technology transfer office decide over the research to be patented but also to evaluate cost benefits. In addition, an integral solution is proposed where the positions of doctoral students and postdocs are defined. Overall, generating high quality invention disclosures is improved based on a more effective relationship between universities and industries.
How to Create a Breakthrough Innovation
Authors: David Raphael Kling
Published: April 2018

We are witnessing the biggest transformation in the technology in the modern society increasing dramatically the data usage, more efficient services, and customized product/services. In the globalized world, the traditional incremental innovation, in some cases, might not be enough to defeat the competition and make a successful business in the long term. In order to compete in a competitive market, the entrepreneurs constantly look for new ways to create a breakthrough innovation. The aim of this chapter is to discuss disruptive innovation and strategies for creating disruptive business combining futures research methodologies with business model framework. In order to meet the objective, an analysis of state of art has been carried out providing an overview of disruptive Innovation and the main “future research” methodologies (Delphi method, casual layered analysis, scenario method, and technology roadmapping). A combined model of technology roadmapping methodology with business model canvas is proposed to model disruptive innovation and a case study is presented.
Methodology for Identifying Territories With Innovative Business Sector Nuclei to Support the Design of Development Policies
Authors: Lopes Brenner , Falcão Luander
Published: April 2018

In order to subsidize the public policy planners with an approach to identify innovative sectoral nuclei to support the design of public policies to support innovation in companies, the chapter proposes and constructs an indicator of innovation potential with characteristics that fill an important gap, where it is possible to reach the groups of innovative companies in each territory, with a process of data collection focused on secondary sources and yet of high effectiveness and assertiveness. In this way, it is possible to make a detailed analysis of what is most directly relevant to decision makers, with the need for a low investment and the possibility of constant updating of the information. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the construction and demonstration of practical examples of the innovation potential indicator.
The Contribution of Marketing 3.0 for the Strategic Management of Competitive Advantages of Organizations
Authors: Marques Maria Beatriz
Published: April 2018

The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the concept of competitive advantage of organizations from the study and valuation of their intangible assets. The evolution of marketing is analyzed from the materiality of the commercial transactions of purchase and sale of products and services, to the intangible aspects inherent to the transactional process, based on intellectual capital and values of spiritual nature. In the context of a new cosmogony, the authors conclude on the deciding role of the intangible assets of organizations in order to create their competitive advantage, based on the concepts of value, satisfaction, trust, and customer loyalty. They conclude with a proposal of a conceptual model for the sustainability of organizations in the transition from the traditional to the digital world.
The Relevance of Talent Management Efficiency and Its Incremental Impact on Organizational Innovation
Authors: Pereira Manuel Joaquim de Sousa
Published: April 2018

The objective of this chapter is to systematize and contextualize relevant theoretical and practical considerations in the dynamics of talent management in a business context, as well as observe the practical implementation in small and medium enterprises in the north of Portugal. Talent management requires the ability to take on each employee's “I's” and their alignment with the organization's “ecosystem,” seeking a shared vision, mission, and growth opportunities for the future. Therefore, creativity and constant innovation are crucial aspects to continually push the “comfort zones” through constant challenges, creating positive difference. About the structure of work, which will consist of two parts: The first part is composed by a literature review related to the theme, aiming to gather the most relevant considerations on the subject. In the second, the authors intend to implement a practical study towards management in talented small and medium enterprises in the north of Portugal.
How to Create, Develop, and Sustain an Organization
Authors: Carvalho João M. S.
Published: April 2018

This chapter provides a summarized and objective review of the relationships among market orientation, innovation, entrepreneurship, business models, creation of value, and sustainability to help an entrepreneur in the process of creating, developing, and sustaining any type of organization. The methodology follows a theorizing approach based on many empirical and theoretical studies on these subjects. It presents a new model—targeting innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainability (TIES)—based on previous developed models and using an integrative approach. It pretends to be a strategic systematization of what makes an organization successful. This type of conceptual analysis can be an opportunity to bring together aspects related to our common future, namely a new economic development that encompasses the evolution of peoples' needs towards a societal wellbeing with reduced social exclusion, a healthier planet, and a more balanced psychological sustainability.
Information Management and the Competitive Advantages
Authors: Anunciação Pedro Fernandes , Cavaco Carla Sofia , Ossmane Elis Shaida Raichande Mussa
Published: April 2018

This chapter reflects the result of the analysis of the importance of information management in organizational innovation and the generation of competitive advantages in a cooperative of aromatic and medicinal plants production. Information is the main resource of management. It is important to assume that information becomes useful only after it has been analyzed, treated, and shared. It is then that it will be available to be disseminated and shared within the organization. Cooperatives in Portugal are a form of organization through which the cooperators seek economic and commercial benefits through the resources, information, and knowledge sharing. The analysis seeks to show how the information management is carried out in this institution, in view of its relevance to competitiveness in the sector where it is inserted, seeking to support the creation of instruments that facilitate its treatment by the management and the respective availability to the various stakeholders.
Are You Visiting or Do You Live Here?
Authors: Blankenship Rebecca J.
Published: April 2018

In order for the twenty-first century teacher to acquire the necessary professional skills to effectively instruct today's digitally native students, institutional constraints must be lifted such that the institution does not impede the ability of the pedagogue to grow beyond what is expected to that which is instructionally transformational. After examining current trends in teacher preparation programs, there is a noticeable gap between the digital literacy of faculty and the digital literacy of students. Because of this deficiency, digitally literate novice teachers have looked to social media to form their own “secret” communities of peer mentorship and professional development external to their school and school district settings. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the literature related to how novice teachers form these secret communities, how residency in the community is established, and how visitor participation (i.e., veteran teachers and school administrators) is perceived within the community.
The Role of Principals as Mentors in Mentoring Deputy Principals
Authors: Khumalo Shuti Steph
Published: April 2018

The theory of mentoring is pertinent to the education system and school leadership. School leadership has been a contested space in research. Empirical evidence indicates that there is a correlation between great school leadership and performance. However, little has been written about transferring good school leadership practice by principals to their deputy principals. This chapter explores and makes a contribution on the role of principals as mentors in mentoring deputy principals. Drawing from the plethora of literature and its extensive and critical evaluation, in this chapter, the researcher argues that mentoring deputy principals contributes towards building the second layer of school leadership and thus enhancing succession planning within the education context.
The Role of Library and Information Science Professionals in the MOOC Environment in Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Chigwada Josiline Phiri
Published: April 2018

There has been concern on how library and information professionals fit in the MOOC environment. This chapter documents the role played by LIS professionals in the MOOC environment. A literature review was done on what librarians are doing to help lecturers and students to meet their learning, teaching, and research activities in institutions of higher learning. It was noted that MOOCs provide opportunities and librarians are working with academics to assist in transition from the traditional teaching to suit the teaching requirements of a MOOC environment. Some librarians are involved in the development of MOOCs and some are taking advantage of the available MOOCs in librarianship to develop professionally. The major challenges faced are the copyright issues. The author recommends that librarians should be involved in copyright clearance, offering information literacy and alerting users on the available MOOCs, making MOOCs accessible to all users including the physically challenged. Librarians should develop a collection of open access materials that they can recommend for MOOCs.
MOOCs Parameters
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Mittal Pankaj , Brahmbhatt Shweta Nishad
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes how there are two core stakeholders of MOOCs. One is learners and other is organizations/institutes who are offering the courses through MOOCs platform. It is very important for stakeholders to know the most suitable MOOCs platform for them. This chapter focuses on the literature review of the selected studies in order to identify the different parameters that are being used in different MOOCs platforms. This also includes environments such as learning experience, subject catalogue diversity, selection of suitable MOOCs platforms, pedagogies of MOOCs, assessment of MOOCs, etc. This chapter also provides the suggestive mechanisms to evolve the best platform through the participation of stakeholders.
Open Educational Resources for MOOC
Authors: Deval Amit Kumar
Published: April 2018

The higher education sector is being influenced by many factors, and a paradigm shift from conventional learning to virtual learning can easily be observed. MOOCs are an innovative initiative in promoting and imparting virtual learning to the end users that are restricted to pursue their higher education due to time, space, and money constraints. Open educational resources are an integral part of MOOCs, and to sustain the viability of MOOCs, quality open educational resources are a need of the hour. Issues related to MOOCs and open educational resources are being taken up by various governmental and non-governmental organizations in accelerating the e-learning concepts among their citizens and to fill up the gaps, if any, to avoid digital divide between the students of regular and open universities. India, being a developing country, needs to put more efforts into promoting the concepts of MOOCs and to popularizing the concepts. In this regard, the Government of India has introduced various platforms for open educational resources for enhancing and supporting MOOCs.
Augmented Reality
Authors: Abdusselam Mustafa Serkan , Güntepe Ebru Turan
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the potential of augmented reality as an educational resource. The use of augmented reality technologies and the integration of augmented reality into learning environments will also be investigated in light of current learning approaches. In total, 153 full-text, accessible international articles and conference proceedings published between 2007 and 2016 on augmented reality were found on the web under the category of educational research on the Web of Science's SSCI. These studies were evaluated in terms of purpose, target group, rationale, method, approach, augmented reality environment components, findings, and contributions to the field. This chapter will identify the tendencies toward the use of augmented reality in educational research, fields of research, and the use of augmented reality tools that are suitable for different age groups. The findings of this study can serve a guide for future studies in this field.
Augmented Reality as a Search System in Libraries
Authors: Ruiz Gerardo Reyes , Hernández Marisol Hernández , Peña Samuel Olmos
Published: April 2018

The technology has now ventured into multiple educational environments. The case of augmented reality has served to create new digital environments of search that help the location of any physical reference in a public library. In these educational spaces, it is important to have information resources that are innovative and, simultaneously, which motivate the users to enter them. For physical learning resources, these informative tools must provide a fast and efficient inquiry/location. Augmented reality helps this location by showing, through digital content, the three-dimensional space (3D) of that location, highlighting categories and classifications of physical references so that, in turn, the user able to visualize it, using a mobile device, and is therefore directed to the exact place of the location in a relatively short time. Thus, this study shows that the application of new technologies in a public library can make the user feel immersed in a new learning environment, which is transmitted through a digital environment through augmented reality.
Augmented Reality for Evaluating Low Environmental Impact 3D Concepts in Industrial Design
Authors: Estrada Omar E. Sánchez , Urbina Mario Gerson , Ocaña Raymundo
Published: April 2018

This work uses augmented reality (AR) as a supplementary tool in teacher's evaluation of low environmental impact 3D concepts in industrial design, which are part of contents in subjects taken by fifth semester undergraduate students of Industrial Design at the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM), specifically in the Tool Design Workshop. Design criteria are presented and they will be used to evaluate 3D concepts through the use of AR. The project is developed in three stages: 1) presenting the 3D concept through AR scenarios in order to be evaluated, 2) visual evaluation with established technical criteria, and 3) evaluation feedback so as to improve the 3D concept. The aim is to reduce evaluation subjectivity in order to reduce production costs, waste generation, and energy use in producing mockups and models.
Three-Dimensional Information Retrieval (3DIR)
Authors: Demian Peter , Ruikar Kirti , Morris Anne
Published: April 2018

The 3DIR project investigated the use of 3D visualization to formulate queries, compute the relevance of information items, and visualize search results. Workshops identified the user needs. Based on these, a graph theoretic formulation was created to inform the emerging system architecture. A prototype was developed. This enabled relationships between 3D objects to be used to widen a search. An evaluation of the prototype demonstrated that a tight coupling between text-based retrieval and 3D models could enhance information retrieval but add an extra layer of complexity.
Streamlining a Design, Manufacture, and Fitting Workflow Within a UK Fit-Out SME
Authors: Underwood Jason , Shelbourn Mark , Fleming Andrew , Heywood James , Roberts Ian
Published: April 2018

A 30-month project is presented that is enabled through a knowledge transfer partnership government-funded initiative between the University of Salford and Links FF&E – a design, manufacture, and fit-out SME in the UK. The project is aiming to implement BIM as a catalyst for a lean transformation to streamline processes and operations through the adoption of a case study methodology on a design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) BIM implementation at Links FF&E. The findings highlight that the challenges for SMEs adopting disruptive technology could be mitigated with a business case that considers the changes on organizational processes and workflows by embedding technologies within the company with the focus on eliminating waste in the processes and adding value.
Evolution of Fog Computing and Its Role in IoT Applications
Authors: Alageswaran R. , Amali S. Miruna Joe
Published: April 2018

Fog computing is an evolving technology that brings the benefits achieved by cloud computing to the periphery of the network devices for faster data analytics. This has triggered the usage of fog computing for enabling a new breed of applications and services that require localized and faster decision making. Fog computing has attributes such as location awareness, edge deployment and a large number of geographically distributed nodes, heterogeneity through which fog computing offers better performance in terms of mobility, low latency, and real-time interaction. They can also gracefully handle enormous data flow and provide analytics in reasonable time. Due to these additional attributes, fog computing is considered as the appropriate platform for many applications and especially suited for internet of things (IoT). Fog computing also provides an intelligent platform to manage the distributed and real-time nature of emerging IoT applications and infrastructures. With the increase in the number of connected objects, the development of fog computing is tremendous and has promising technological future growth.
Fuzzy-Logic-Based Decision Engine for Offloading IoT Application Using Fog Computing
Authors: M. Dhanya N. , Kousalya G. , P. Balarksihnan , Raj Pethuru
Published: April 2018

Mobile is getting increasingly popular and almost all applications are shifting into smartphones. Even though lots of advantages are there for smartphones, they are constrained by limitations in battery charge and the processing capacity. For running resource-intensive IoT applications like processing sensor data and dealing with big data coming from the IoT application, the capacity of existing smartphones is not enough, as the battery will be drained quickly, and it will be slow. Offloading is one of the major techniques through which mobile and cloud can be connected together and has emerged to reduce the complexity and increase the computation power of mobiles. Other than depending on the distant cloud for offloading, the extended version of cloud called fog computing can be utilized. Through offloading, the computationally intensive tasks can be shifted to the edge fog devices, and the results can be collected back at the mobile side reducing the burden. This chapter has developed mobile cloud offloading architecture for decision making using fuzzy logic where a decision is made as to whether we can shift the application to cloud or not depending on the current parameters of both cloud and the mobile side. Cloud computing introduces a number of variables depending on which offloading decision must be taken. In this chapter, the authors propose a fuzzy-logic-based algorithm which takes into consideration all the parameters at the mobile and cloud that will affect the offloading decision.
Data Mining Algorithms and Techniques
Authors: P. Ambika
Published: April 2018

Integration of data mining tasks in day-to-day life has become popular and common. Everyday people are confronted with opportunities and challenges with targeted advertising, and data mining techniques will help the businesses to become more efficient by reducing processing cost. This goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review about data mining, data mining techniques, popular algorithms, and their impact on fog computing. This chapter also gives further research directions on data mining on fog computing.
Machine Learning
Authors: P. Ambika
Published: April 2018

Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that encompass the automatic computing to make predictions. The key difference between a traditional program and machine-learning model is that it allows the model to learn from the data and helps to make its own decisions. It is one of the fastest growing areas of computing. The goal of this chapter is to explore the foundations of machine learning theory and mathematical derivations, which transform the theory into practical algorithms. This chapter also focuses a comprehensive review on machine learning and its types and why machine learning is important in real-world applications, and popular machine learning algorithms and their impact on fog computing. This chapter also gives further research directions on machine learning algorithms.
Data Mining Algorithms, Fog Computing
Authors: Thilagamani S. , Jayanthiladevi A. , Arunkumar N.
Published: April 2018

Different methods are used to mine the large amount of data presents in databases, data warehouses, and data repositories. The methods used for mining include clustering, classification, prediction, regression, and association rule. This chapter explores data mining algorithms and fog computing.
Enhancing E-Participation in Urban Planning Competitions
Authors: Nummi Pilvi , Eräranta Susa , Kahila-Tani Maarit
Published: April 2018

Planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives and promote innovative solutions in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition, as it does not consider the views of local residents. This chapter describes how web-based public participation tools are utilized in urban planning competitions to register public opinion alongside the expert view given by the jury. The research focus of this chapter is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes, how the contestants use the information produced, and how it has been utilized in further planning of the area. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in the competition process. However, the results indicate that the impact of participation on selecting the winner is weak. Instead, in further planning of the area, the public opinions are valuable.
A Smart City Remembers Its Past
Authors: Minner Jennifer , Roberts Andrea , Holleran Michael , Conrad Joshua
Published: April 2018

Integral to some conceptualizations of the “smart city” is the adoption of web-based technology to support civic engagement and improve information systems for local government decision support. Yet there is little to no literature on the “smartness” of gathering information about historic places within municipal information systems. This chapter provides three case studies of technologically augmented planning processes that incorporated citizens as sensors of data about historic places. The first case study is of SurveyLA, a massive effort of the city of Los Angeles to comprehensively survey over 880,000 parcels for historic resources. A second case study involves Motor City Mapping, an effort to identify the condition of buildings in Detroit, Michigan and a parallel historical survey conducted by volunteers. In Austin, Texas, a university-based research team designed a municipal web tool called the Austin Historical Survey Wiki. This chapter offers insights into these prior efforts to augment planning processes with “digitized memory,” web-based technology, and public engagement.
Citizen-to-Citizen Resource Sharing in Emergency Response
Authors: Chun Soon Ae , Vaidya Jaideep S. , Atluri Vijayalakshmi , Shafiq Basit , Adam Nabil R.
Published: April 2018

During large-scale manmade or natural disasters, such as Superstorm Sandy and Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, collaborations among government agencies, NGOs, and businesses need to be coordinated to provide necessary resources to respond to emergency events. However, resources from citizens themselves are underutilized, such as their equipment or expertise. The citizen participation via social media enhanced the situational awareness, but the response management is still mainly handled by the government or government-sanctioned partners. By harnessing the power of citizen crowdsourcing, government agencies can create enhanced disaster situation awareness and facilitate effective utilization of resources provided by citizen volunteers, resulting in more effective disaster responses. This chapter presents a public engagement in emergency response (PEER) framework that provides an online and mobile crowdsourcing platform for incident reporting and citizens' resource volunteering as well as an intelligent recommender system to match-make citizen resources with emergency tasks.
Enhancing Creativity in E-Planning
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , Baruah Jonali
Published: April 2018

Sharing ideas efficiently and effectively in groups is a challenge groups and teams face on a daily basis. In typical face-to-face meetings, many factors can serve to inhibit a full sharing of ideas and thus the development of effective decisions and plans. To overcome the limitations of face-to-face meetings, computer-based group decision support systems have been developed to facilitate both idea exchange and evaluation. Evidence suggests that such systems can lead to beneficial outcomes. However, unless they are utilized effectively, even electronic meetings may not effectively tap the intellectual and creative potential of groups. The authors summarize some of the major findings of collaborative creativity and their implications for effective e-planning.
SketchBoard
Authors: Vishkaie Rojin , Levy Richard M.
Published: April 2018

This chapter seeks to investigate the subject of the design review process and its embedment in digital media, with a primary focus on mobile interactive surfaces. Despite the growing body of academic research on the topic, there is a gap in evaluating how aspects of the design review process can be performed with digital media. The main point of this study is to combine empirical and conceptual design components to evaluate a new communication medium called SketchBoard that uses interactive surfaces to perform selected tasks of the design review process. This study specifically contributes to the state-of-the-art of visualization, communication, and participation aspects of the design review process and mobile interactive surfaces.
Residential Resource Consumption
Authors: Saydi Maryam , Bishop Ian D.
Published: April 2018

Residential energy and water consumption depend on dwelling structure and the behaviour of residents. Aspects of residential behaviour can be derived from census data. Dwelling information is harder to obtain. Using both aerial and street-level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured in each of 40 postal areas in and around Melbourne, Australia. This approach saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data not otherwise available. The census and dwelling data were compared with resource usage statistics in linear regression models. It was found that energy and water use are highly correlated, with socio-economic variables better explaining water consumption and dwelling structure factors better explaining energy consumption. Nevertheless, the proportions of households that include a couple with children and have a swimming pool provided useful models of variations in both energy and water use. Applications to planning through spatially explicit scenario testing were developed in ArcGIS ModelBuilder.
Co-Creation from Consumer Resource Integration
Authors: Manh Tuan Nguyen
Published: April 2018

This article describes how consumer co-creation in service offering is increasingly of importance in service literature and practice. Grounded mainly on service dominant logic (SDL), this article develops and empirically examines a theoretical framework of co-creation which considers both social capital and social exchange as determinants and consumer perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty as outcomes of co-creation activities. Using a consumer perspective, the authors extend the interrelationships within the antecedents and within the effects into a comprehensive model and test it on data obtained from an education service setting. The findings empirically support 12 out of 13 hypotheses, and in particular, affirms the consumer role of resource-integrating activities to co-create value.
The Effect of City Brand Love on Tourist Based City Brand Equity
Authors: Ardyan Elia , Susanti Ari
Published: April 2018

This article develops and tests a model through multi-sampling comparison by considering city brand attractiveness as antecedents of a memorable city brand experience. A memorable city brand experience is an antecedent of city brand love; and tourist-based city brand equity (TCBE) as a consequence of a memorable city brand experience and city brand love. This study examined 169 tourists who came to Jakarta and 200 tourists who came to Yogyakarta as respondents respectively. The analysis used in this study is the structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 20 as the supporting equipment. The results of this study show similar results between samples of Jakarta and Yogyakarta in the components of the influence of city brand attractiveness on memorable city brand experience; memorable city brand experience on city brand love; and memorable city brand experience on city brand equity. Different result between the samples of Jakarta and Yogyakarta is shown in the component of the influence of city brand love on tourist based city brand equity.
Introducing the Robo–Raconteur Artificial Writer Or
Authors: Velikovsky J. T.
Published: April 2018

This article invites readers to participate in a survey on computational creativity. It asks: (a) Can computers be creative? and (b) Can algorithmic computational creativity teach us about human creativity? The standard definition of creativity is adopted. The article is in two parts. Part One introduces a new interactive artificial–writer computer program, an Excel workbook containing six functional sub–modules, namely: 1) A Top 20 RoI Movie Pitch Combiner; 2) A Bottom 20 RoI Movie Pitch Element Combiner; 3) A Random Movie Pitcher; 4) A Movie Pitch Selector which judges, scores, and ranks generated pitches in evolutionary survival tournaments; 5) An Ironic Character Generator; and finally, 6) A Random Transmedia Story Universe Pitch Generator. Readers are invited to play–test The Robo–Raconteur and complete a short (5–minute) online survey: Was the artificial writer creative? Part Two explains the Evolutionary Systems Theory of Creativity that underpins the software.
Design of a Prototype for Vision Prosthesis
Authors: Rao V. Bhujanga , Seetharamaiah P. , Sharmili Nukapeyi
Published: April 2018

This article describes how the field of vision prostheses is currently being developed around the world to restore useful vision for people suffering from retinal degenerative diseases. The vision prosthesis system (VPS) maps visual images to electrical pulses and stimulates the surviving healthy parts in the retina of the eye, i.e. ganglion cells, using electric pulses applied through an electrode array. The retinal neurons send visual information to the brain. This article presents the design of a prototype vision prosthesis system which converts images/video into biphasic electric stimulation pulses for the excitation of electrodes simulated by an LED array. The proposed prototype laboratory model has been developed for the design of flexible high-resolution 1024-electrode VPS, using an embedded computer-based efficient control algorithm for better visual prediction. The prototype design for the VPS is verified visually through a video display on an LCD/LED array. The experimental results of VPS are enumerated for the test objects, such as, palm, human face and large font characters. The results were found to be satisfactory.
Biocompatible Carbon Nanodots for Functional Imaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Loukanov Alexandre Roumenov , Gagov Hristo Stefanov , Mishonova Milena Yankova , Nakabayashi Seiichiro
Published: April 2018

This article describes how carbon quantum dots (C-dots) are tiny carbon nanoparticles (less than 10 nm in size) being envisaged to be used in bio-sensing, bio-imaging and drug delivery nanosystems. Their low toxicity and stable chemical properties make them suitable candidates for new types of fluorescent probe, which overcome the common drawbacks of previous fluorescent probes (organic dyes and inorganic quantum dots). In addition, fluorescent C-dots possess a rather strong ability to bind with other organic and inorganic molecules due to their abundant surface groups. For that reason, fluorescent C-dots can be manipulated via series of controllable chemical treatments in order to satisfy the demands in the photocatalytic, biochemical and chemical sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery and enhanced cell targeting. In recent studies it was described the development of carbon quantum dots with large two-photon absorption cross sections towards two-photon imaging for use in photodynamic cancer therapy. Thus, C-dots have become a rising star in biomedical research with a promising future for the application in nanomedicine.
Clinical Trials of Functional Nucleic Acids
Authors: Traykovska Martina , Miedema Sjoerd , Penchovsky Robert
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes how functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering (si) RNAs, and ribozymes are considered by some researchers as valuable tools to develop therapeutic agents. They have not been particularly fast in reaching the market as medicines, due to endogenous barriers to extracellular trafficking and cellular uptake of nucleic acids and their inherent instability when applied in vivo. However, research carried out by the nucleic acid engineering community and pharmaceutical companies to circumvent these obstacles has led to the approval of a few aptamers and ASOs as drugs. Nucleic acid therapeutics are usually administered locally to diseased tissue. The drug candidates currently in clinical trials commonly use the same administration methods as previously licensed nucleic acid therapeutics. These administration techniques carry their own safety risks and advantages. In this article, the present state is discussed and prospective options for the use ASOs and aptamers as drugs are listed.