bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-performance β-Ga2O3-based solar-blind photodetector with ultralow dark current and fast photoresponse for deep-ultraviolet communication
Authors: Zhou Shuren , Peng Xuan , Liu Haowen , Zhang Zhengfeng , Ye Lijuan , Li Honglin , Xiong Yuanqiang , Niu Lianbin , Chen Fanglin , Fang Liang , Kong Chunyang , Li Wanjun , Yang Xun , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2021

Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet communication (SDUC) presents a promising
candidate for use in short-range military communications. Solar-blind
photodetectors (PDs) form up the core component of the SDUC
system’s receiving signal. In this study, an easy-to-integrate
metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)-type solar-blind PD is successfully
fabricated based on the β-Ga2O3 film
deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by low-cost radio-frequency
magnetron sputtering. The fabricated device exhibits a high
responsivity of 1.93 A W−1, a remarkable detectivity
of 6.53×1013 Jones, and a considerable photo-to-dark
current ratio of 3.58×105. Most importantly, the
device shows an extremely low dark current of 82 fA and an ultrafast
response speed of 11/240 µs; one of the most ultra-high
performances ever reported for β-Ga2O3
solar-blind PDs. In addition, it is the first time that a
high-performance β-Ga2O3-based PD that is
integrated into a self-made SDUC system as a signal receiver is
demonstrated to transmit ASCII codes with such high accuracy and a
data rate of 10 kbps. The results reported in this work serve as
proof-of-concept for future applications of
β-Ga2O3 solar-blind deep-ultraviolet
photodetectors in secure communications.
The role of conformity in mask-wearing during COVID-19
Authors: Woodcock Anna , Schultz P. Wesley
Published: December 2021

By September 2020, COVID-19 had claimed the lives of almost 1 million people worldwide, including more than 400,000 in the U.S. and Europe [1] To slow the spread of the virus, health officials advised social distancing, regular handwashing, and wearing a face covering [2]. We hypothesized that public adherence to the health guidance would be influenced by prevailing social norms, and the prevalence of these behaviors among others. We focused on mask-wearing behavior during fall 2020, and coded livestream public webcam footage of 1,200 individuals across seven cities. Results showed that only 50% of participants were correctly wearing a mask in public, and that this percentage varied as a function of the mask-wearing behavior of close and distant others in the immediate physical vicinity. How social normative information might be used to increase mask-wearing behavior is discussed. “Cloth face coverings are one of the most powerful weapons we have to slow and stop the spread of the virus—particularly when used universally within a community setting” CDC Director Dr. Robert Redfield in July 2020.
Equivalence of the GeneXpert System and GeneXpert Omni System for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance detection
Authors: Georghiou Sophia B. , Alagna Riccardo , Cirillo Daniela M. , Carmona Sergio , Ruhwald Morten , Schumacher Samuel G.
Published: December 2021

A laboratory validation study was conducted to assess the equivalence of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing on the GeneXpert System and the GeneXpert Omni System (‘Omni’) for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. High concordance of the two devices was demonstrated for well-characterized clinical samples as well as control materials, with controls tested on Omni at normal and challenging environmental conditions (i.e. 35°C, 90% relative humidity). Equivalence of the Cts for all probes was also shown. Equivalence was demonstrated for the Omni and GeneXpert devices for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance detection for a diverse range of clinical specimens and environmental conditions.
Assessment of hepatic function, perfusion and parenchyma attenuation with indocyanine green, ultrasound and computed tomography in a healthy rat model: Preliminary determination of baseline parameters in a healthy liver
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Victor , Garcia-Carrillo Nuria , de Gea Diego , Oltra Lidia , González-Bermúdez Carlos Alberto , Carbonell Guillermo , Brusadin Roberto , Lopez-Conesa Asunción , Robles-Campos Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Background

Defining reference intervals in experimental animal models plays a crucial role in pre-clinical studies. The hepatic parameters in healthy animals provide useful information about type and extension of hepatic damage. However, in the majority of the cases, to obtain them require an invasive techniques. Our study combines these determinations with dynamic functional test and imaging techniques to implement a non-invasive protocol for liver evaluation. The aim of the study was to determine reference intervals for hepatic function, perfusion and parenchyma attenuation with analytical and biochemical blood parameters, indocyanine green, ultrasound and computed tomography in six healthy SD rats.

Methods

Six males healthy SD rats were followed for 4 weeks. To determine hepatic function, perfusion and parenchyma attenuation analytical and biochemical blood parameters, indocyanine green, ultrasound and computed tomography were studied. Results were expressed as Means ± standard error of mean (SEM). The significance of differences was calculated by using student t-test, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Indocyanine green clearance 5 and 10 minutes after its injection was 80.12% and 96.59%, respectively. Approximate rate of decay during the first 5 minutes after injection was 38% per minute. Hepatic perfusion evaluation with the high-frequency ultrasound was related to cardiovascular hemodynamic and renal perfusion. Portal area, hepatic artery resistance index, hepatic artery and portal peak systolic velocity and average between hepatic artery and porta was 3.41 ± 0.62 mm2, 0.57 ± 0.04 mm2/s, 693.24±102.53 mm2/s, 150.72 ± 17.80 mm2/s and 4.82 ± 0.96 mm2/s, respectively. Heart rate, cardiac output, left renal artery diammetre and renal blood flow were 331.01 ± 22.22 bpm, 75.58 ± 8.72 mL/min, 0.88 ± 0.04 mm2 and 13.65 ± 1.95 mm2/s. CT-scan hepatic average volume for each rat were 21.08±3.32, 17.57±2.76, 14.87±2.83 and 13.67±2.45 cm3 with an average attenuation coefficient of 113.51±18.08, 129,19±7.18, 141,47±1.95 y 151,67±1.2 HU.

Conclusion

Indocyanine green and high-frequency ultrasound could be used in rats as a suitable marker of liver function. Computed tomography, through the study of raw data, help to characterize liver parenchyma, and could be a potential tool for early detection of liver parenchymal alterations and linear follow-up of patients. Further studies in rats with liver disease are necessary to verify the usefulness of these parameters.
The confounding effects of eye blinking on pupillometry, and their remedy
Authors: Yoo Kyung , Ahn Jeongyeol , Lee Sang-Hun
Published: December 2021

Pupillometry, thanks to its strong relationship with cognitive factors and recent advancements in measuring techniques, has become popular among cognitive or neural scientists as a tool for studying the physiological processes involved in mental or neural processes. Despite this growing popularity of pupillometry, the methodological understanding of pupillometry is limited, especially regarding potential factors that may threaten pupillary measurements’ validity. Eye blinking can be a factor because it frequently occurs in a manner dependent on many cognitive components and induces a pulse-like pupillary change consisting of constriction and dilation with substantive magnitude and length. We set out to characterize the basic properties of this “blink-locked pupillary response (BPR),” including the shape and magnitude of BPR and their variability across subjects and blinks, as the first step of studying the confounding nature of eye blinking. Then, we demonstrated how the dependency of eye blinking on cognitive factors could confound, via BPR, the pupillary responses that are supposed to reflect the cognitive states of interest. By building a statistical model of how the confounding effects of eye blinking occur, we proposed a probabilistic-inference algorithm of de-confounding raw pupillary measurements and showed that the proposed algorithm selectively removed BPR and enhanced the statistical power of pupillometry experiments. Our findings call for attention to the presence and confounding nature of BPR in pupillometry. The algorithm we developed here can be used as an effective remedy for the confounding effects of BPR on pupillometry.
Impact of parameter control on the performance of APSO and PSO algorithms for the CSTHTS problem: An improvement in algorithmic structure and results
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Ahmad , Fakhar Muhammad Salman , Kashif Syed Abdul Rahman , Naeem Rehan , Rasool Akhtar
Published: December 2021

Cascaded Short Term Hydro-Thermal Scheduling problem (CSTHTS) is a single objective, non-linear multi-modal or convex (depending upon the cost function of thermal generation) type of Short Term Hydro-Thermal Scheduling (STHTS), having complex hydel constraints. It has been solved by many metaheuristic optimization algorithms, as found in the literature. Recently, the authors have published the best-achieved results of the CSTHTS problem having quadratic fuel cost function of thermal generation using an improved variant of the Accelerated PSO (APSO) algorithm, as compared to the other previously implemented algorithms. This article discusses and presents further improvement in the results obtained by both improved variants of APSO and PSO algorithms, implemented on the CSTHTS problem.
Dream weaving and sonic metalepsis in Jan Troell’s Land of Dreams
Authors: Luko Alexis
Published: December 2021

Jan Troell’s Sagolandet (Land of Dreams) (1988) presents itself as a documentary about 1980s Swedish society, but is also a film about filmmaking, the imagination, memory and autobiography. The film has multiple narrative levels: interviews, home movie footage, autobiographical anecdotes and imaginative sequences. Commentary and guiding themes are drawn from the theories of psychoanalyst Rollo May. These strata and themes have associated musical motifs and/or sound effects, which, as the film progresses, serve as an ontological bridge between the different strata. Land of Dreams is structured as both a multistrand and multiform narrative with the intercutting of multiple stories with multiple protagonists (multistrand) mixed with dream worlds and internal-subjective perspectives of Troell (multiform). The different narrative strata invite metalepsis, a type of narrative ‘transgression’ that occurs across the boundaries of distinct narrative worlds. In Land of Dreams, voice, music and sound effects act as metaleptic agents, transgressing different strata through four interrelated techniques: (1) metaleptic ‘i-voices’; (2) musical structures made up of ironic and disjunctive musical textures; (3) musical motifs transgressing narrative and ontological boundaries and (4) musical metaleptic warps. Musical metalepsis in Land of Dreams functions in a way that is emblematic of how political decisions and public policy infiltrate the private sphere, human consciousness and even dreams of the future.
Do not Dispose of Historic Fluid Collections: Evaluating Research Potential and Range of Use
Authors: Herbin M. , Santin M.D. , Toro R. , Heuer K. , Cuisin J. , Martin C. , Raveendran L. , François C. , Debruyne R.
Published: December 2021

The use of specific preservative solutions by museum professionals to maintain fluid-preserved specimens has fluctuated over the years with advances in chemistry. The determining factors for the original choice of solution closely correlate with the historical parameters and original usage of the collections. Consequently, for any given collection, changes and substitutions over time in the types of preservative fluids used have likely occurred. The present comparative analysis of the state of brain preservation, carried out at macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels, allowed us to evaluate the effect of the different treatments applied over time to fluid-preserved collections. Our results confirm that the duration of formaldehyde exposure of the tissues clearly has an effect on their long-term preservation. Despite the controversies associated with the quality or use of some historic fixatives, modern analytical methods such as medical imagery reveal the preservation quality in historic specimens and their potential for future research use. However, the choice of fixatives and storage fluids to preserve the specimens is of critical importance because today's choices will influence the use of the specimen for advanced analytical methods in the future.
Eine Gestalt, ganz aus Glitzerkügelchen
Authors: Scholz Nora
Published: December 2021

Nora Scholz' Beitrag analysiert den Zusammenhang von Erzählen und Urteilen anhand der im Text in Kraft tretenden Rahmungen und Ordnungssysteme. Ausgehend vom »narrativen Handeln« bei Hannah Arendt und den Unterscheidungskriterien bei Giorgio Agamben, die jeweils eine bestimmte Norm und die dazugehörigen Abweichungen definieren, zeigt der Beitrag die grundsätzliche Infragestellung, Aufweichung und letztlich Aufhebung von (Natur-)Gesetzmäßigkeiten und narratologischen Ordnungskategorien in der erzählten Welt der Roman-Erzählung »Nogti« (Nägel) des ukrainischen Autors Michail Elizarov.
Zwischen Biomacht und Lebensmacht
Authors: Ahmed Nasser
Published: December 2021

Gibt es Parallelen zwischen Michel Foucaults und Ernst Jüngers politischem Denken? Auf den ersten Blick scheint dies abwegig. Doch Nasser Ahmed deckt in Foucaults »Sexualität und Wahrheit I« und Jüngers »Der Arbeiter« denselben Typus biopolitischen Denkens auf und zeigt, wie nah sich beide Ansätze sind. Zwischen der Biomacht auf der einen und der Lebensmacht auf der anderen Seite erhellt er einen Raum, der in bisherigen politischen Einordnungen unsichtbar geblieben ist: Foucault und Jünger stehen als biopolitische Denker auf derselben Seite einer fundamentalen Zweiteilung des politischen Denkens, welche das Politische weniger als Funktion der Verständigung, sondern eher als Funktion des Kampfes versteht.
Sexualpädagogische Elternarbeit in und rund um Schule
Authors: Schneider Claudia
Published: December 2021

Claudia Schneider moderiert ein Gesprächsrunde mit fünf Sexualpädagogik-Expert:innen über ihre Erfahrungen mit (schulischer) Elternbildungs- und -beratungsarbeit rund um Sexualität. Im Gespräch wird deutlich, dass Sexualerziehung viel mehr umfasst als die Bezeichnung von Genitalien und Wissen über Zeugung, Schwangerschaft und Geburt von Kindern. Die Gesprächsteilnehmer:innen betonen, wie wichtig Humor ist, dass Enttabuisierung Druck reduzieren kann, und erläutern, welche Bedeutung der Sexualerziehung für die Prävention von sexueller Gewalt zukommt. Sie sprechen über die Herausforderungen im Kontakt mit dieser Zielgruppe der Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigten und berichten von spannenden und gelingenden Momenten in der Elternarbeit.
Traditions Can Be Changed
Authors: Barre Harald
Published: December 2021

Whether and to what extent African states and societies have been able to break away from colonial impact is a still contentious issue. Harald Barre considers newspapers and academic activism in Tanzania as forums in which the project of an independent African nation was shaped through heated debates. Examining the changing discourses on race and gender in the 1960s and 1970s, he reveals that equating difference with inequality in the national narrative was fiercely contested. Pervasive images rooted in colonialism were thus challenged and in some cases fundamentally transformed by journalists, students, (inter)national scholars, (inter)national events and the promise of an egalitarian socialist state.
The Changing Leadership Roles of »Dedes« in the Alevi Movement
Authors: Cosan Eke Deniz
Published: December 2021

What is the function of clerical leadership in Alevism based on sociocultural and political understandings? To answer that complex question, Deniz Cosan Eke examines the political, cultural, and religious debates surrounding Alevis and the Alevi movement in relation to the ideas and claims of the Turkish state, Alevi communities in Turkey, and migrant Alevi communities in Germany. The book, which focuses on the emergence of collective emotions in religious rituals, the struggle of religious groups in migration processes, and the leadership role of clergy in social movements, is of great interest to a wide readership.
Post-/koloniale Erinnerungsdiskurse in der Medienkultur
Authors: de Wolff Kaya
Published: December 2021

Die Debatten um die Anerkennung des Ovaherero- und Nama-Genozids (1904-1908) im heutigen Namibia haben in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wachsende öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Kaya de Wolff hat die deutschsprachige Presseberichterstattung in den Jahren 2001 bis 2016 über den Umgang mit den Verbrechen deutscher Kolonialtruppen untersucht. Sie zeigt, aufgrund welcher Anlässe und auf welche Weisen medial an die historischen Ereignisse erinnert wird, welche Stimmen dabei (nicht) gehört werden und welche gesellschaftlichen Machtverhältnisse und Normen den Anerkennungskampf der Nachfahr*innen der Opfer bedingen.
Hilfeleistungssysteme der Zukunft
Authors: Max Matthias , Schulze Matthias
Published: December 2021

Krisen und Katastrophen verändern sich stetig — sowohl in der Wahrnehmung als auch in der Bewältigung. Seit mehr als zehn Jahren analysiert das Deutsche Rote Kreuz mit seinem Kompetenzzentrum »Forschung und Innovationstransfer« bestehende Hilfeleistungssysteme. Matthias Max und Matthias Schulze präsentieren die Ergebnisse dieses Prozesses und zeigen, dass das DRK einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leistet, Hilfeleistungssysteme der Zukunft zu gestalten.
Ñetonqataiqén, una canción «en desplazamiento»
Authors: Mansilla Valentín
Published: December 2021

La presencia de prácticas musi­cales durante la coyuntura política actual de los pueblos originarios en Argentina (atrave­sada por procesos de reagrupamiento y lucha por su visibilización) viene siendo escasamente abordada por los estudios etnomusicológicos. En el presente trabajo me propongo reflexio­nar sobre la escena del pueblo mocoví en la provincia de Santa Fe a partir de un caso con­creto: el «trayecto» de una canción creada por uno de sus dirigentes (Alfredo Salteño) para ser interpretada durante los encuentros comu­nales que luego fue versionada por un músico profesional (Luis Sartor) para ser enseñada en escuelas rurales.

Por medio del análisis de cuatro versiones (tres pertenecientes a Salteño y una a Sartor) pre­tendo dar cuenta de las transformaciones efec­tuadas y de algunos de sus usos con el objetivo de ensayar posibles respuestas a los interrogan­tes que subyacen a este trabajo, a saber: ¿de qué modos opera esta canción en el proceso de visibilización mocoví? ¿Qué acciones habilita su nueva versión? ¿Qué aspectos de este movi­miento social y de su dimensión estética nos deja entrever el estudio de su «vida cambiante»?
Cosmopolitismo y nación: Juguemos en el mundo de María Elena Walsh
Authors: Pittau Verónica P.
Published: December 2021

Juguemos en el mundo de María Elena Walsh fue espectáculo, dos discos, un libro, un film y un producto artístico que marcó el comienzo de su producción para adultos y fue representativo de la cultura popular cosmopolita de la argentina de finales de los sesenta. El disco consta de 12 canciones en las que convergen géneros nacionales e internacio­nales, interpretados por Walsh y un grupo que contó con arreglos de Oscar Cardozo Ocampo. Nos enfocaremos en dos canciones: Manubrio azul y El 45, que se caracterizan por su alto grado de intertextualidad. Con apoyo en los estudios sobre cultura popular y pospopular de Pablo Alabarces (2020), los abordajes estéti­cos sobre producciones cosmopolitas argentinas de Gonzalo Aguilar (2009) y la teoría lite­raria de Gerard Genette sobre hipertextualidad (1989), intentaremos comprender cómo estas canciones proponen una variante cosmopolita que representa musicalmente a la argentina de finales de los sesenta.
Perceived Barriers to and Recommendations for Cessation among Poly-tobacco-using Young Adults
Authors: Le Daisy , D’Souza Gypsyamber , Atnafou Rebkha , Moran Meghan
Published: December 2021

Objective: Young adult tobacco users are at an increased risk for using non-cigarette tobacco products and have high poly-use rates. We interviewed poly-tobacco-using young adults from an urban community to explore characteristics associated with their poly-tobacco use, perceived barriers to tobacco cessation, and recommendations for and interest in cessation programs. Methods: We conducted 17 focus group discussions with 97 poly-tobacco-using young adults. Interviews were analyzed using framework analysis and quantitative surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: All participants reported a history of tobacco product poly-use, and 85% reported poly-use in the past 30 days. Study results indicate that this population faces multiple barriers to cessation (eg, influence of social network, easy access, anxiety management, belief in self-control, boredom), but that there is interest in utilizing mobile-based interventions and social media for cessation attempts, ultimately allowing them to manage cessation in their own time, and in a way that is more fitting with their lifestyle. Conclusions: To work toward eliminating tobacco-related cancer disparities, we must understand social and environmental factors that influence tobacco use among underserved populations so that primary prevention strategies to prevent smoking initiation may be implemented. Equally important are secondary prevention strategies that develop more targeted, effective smoking cessation interventions.
„Słuchajcie słowa JHWH”1 Abraham Abulafi a i Luis de León – mistyka języka
Authors: MORENO SZYPOWSKA JADWIGA CLEA
Published: December 2021

Abraham Abulafia, sefardyjski kabalista z XIII wieku i brat Luis de León, hiszpański teolog z XVI wieku, rozwijają w swoich egzegezach mistykę języka, którą podzielić można na mistykę słowa i mistykę liter. Umiłowanie języka hebrajskiego i przeświadczenie, że jest on językiem Boga, prowadzą obu do przekonania o świętości każdej z jego części. Abraham Abulafia, chcąc przeniknąć tajniki Pisma Świętego, rozwija hermeneutyczną metodę jego odczytu, w której adept, po specjalnym przygotowaniu, zagłębia się w natchniony tekst, by przemienić się w boską literę alfabetu hebrajskiego. Zjednoczony ze Stwórcą staje się zdolny do prorokowania, a ono jest głównym celem kabały prorockiej, inaczej zwanej ekstatyczną wypracowanej przez sefardyjskiego mędrca. Luis de León nie posuwa się aż tak daleko, lecz utożsamiając imię z Bogiem, dochodzi do wniosku, że litery, pełniące podwójną funkcję, obejmują w sobie całość istnienia, stając się samowystarczalnymi. W tekstach katolickiego zakonnika, pochodzącego z rodziny konwertytów, a w szczególności w traktacie O imionach Chrystusa, znaleźć można liczne ślady metody Sefardyjczyka, co świadczy o tym, że kulturowe dziedzictwo wygnanych z Hiszpanii w 1492 roku Żydów, przetrwało w świadomości ich wnuków.  Autorka, biorąc na warsztat wymieniony tekst Luisa de León oraz Światło Intelektu i Księgę Znaku Abrahama Abulafii, przedstawia mistykę języka, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem mistyki słowa oraz liter, które łącząc się ze sobą tworzą liczne formy imion Boga. Zarówno Abraham Abulafia jak i brat Luis de León w swoim rozumieniu Pisma Świętego byli jednocześnie wierni tradycji – na przykład kiedy sięgali do autorytetu innego Sefardyjczyka, Abrahama ibn Ezra – jak nowatorscy, zgodnie z duchem żydowskiej egzegezy, w której, jak to zwięźle wyraził chasydzki rabin Nachman z Bracławia: „Zabronione jest się starzeć!”.
O przeznaczeniu zła w myśli Leszka Kołakowskiego
Authors: BIEGALSKA AGNIESZKA
Published: December 2021

In Leszek Kołakowski’s thought, a devil is not abstract but real. What does he know about it? What do we know? How much of it do we know? It seems that Kołakowski knows it well – he speaks with it, discusses it, and defines it. As if they both were friends. ‘The devil by Kołakowski’ seems to be human-friendly and supportive. Thus, the article poses the following questions: What is the role of evil as defined by Kołakowski in human world and life? How does it work? What is its destiny?
Biskup poznański Andrzej Stanisław Kostka Młodziejowski w obronie Stanisława Konarskiego i polskich pijarów – nieznany list z grudnia 1769 roku
Authors: Zając Paweł
Published: December 2021

Nuncjusz Angelo Maria Durini bardzo krytycznie oceniał polskich pijarów. W serii depesz do sekretariatu stanu opisał ich domniemane nadużycia oraz negatywny wpływ, jaki na zakonników oraz młodzież im powierzoną wywierał Stanisław Konarski. Ponieważ w Rzymie zaczęto publicznie powtarzać te opinie, pijarzy podjęli się obrony swego dobrego imienia. Poparli ich w tym niektórzy polscy biskupi. W artykule omówiony został nieznany dotąd list biskupa poznańskiego Andrzeja Stanisława Kostki Młodziejowskiego, który pozwala na ukazanie konfliktu nuncjusza z pijarami z perspektywy jednej z najważniejszych osób w Rzeczypospolitej.
Application of Inculturation Criteria in Studies on the Indigenous Nature of the Church in Nubia
Authors: Mich Katarzyna Anna
Published: December 2021

This article is an attempt to define the relationship between Christianity in Nubia and the local cultures of the Nubian kingdoms of Nobadia and Makuria from the 6th to the beginning of the 16th century, using the inculturation criteria theory associated with the actualization of the Church within a particular culture in light of archaeological research. The mission of the Church must be realized within a specific community of the people of God as well as in its administrative structure and the local hierarchy. The Church’s task is to accomplish its sanctifying, prophetic and teaching mission, which is accomplished through the proclamation of the Gospel, the celebration of sacraments, funeral rites, and teaching of prayer practices. Due to lack of adequate resources, this Church’s prophetic task was omitted. The Church, as archaeological research shows, also contributed to social life and the development of the material culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Nile Valley.
The Overview of the Economic System in Papal Encyclicals
Authors: Sienkiewicz Marta , Świder Wojciech
Published: December 2021

The article is an analysis and presentation of the overview of economic systems to which the popes of that time referred in their documents, most often in encyclicals. The article presents the image of society in the economic and social perspective as well as interpretations and comments on a specific system, which were included in the papal encyclicals. The article is a presentation of how popes in encyclicals responded to the emerging changes in the political system and new economic ideas.
Recenzja książki Maria, „Mutter der Einheit” („Mater unitatis”), red. M. Hauke, Regensburg 2020, ss. 392
Authors: Wojtczak Adam
Published: December 2021

Praca zbiorowa jest owocem sympozjum, które odbyło się w 2018 w Würzburgu na temat Maryi, Matki jedności. Składa się z osiemnastu artykułów. Pierwszy ukazuje zatroskanie Maryi o jedność jako przejaw Jej duchowego macierzyństwa. Dwa kolejne przedstawiają Matkę jedności w perspektywie Ewangelii Janowej i Łukaszowej. W następnych tekstach dochodzi do głosu na ten sam temat nauka św. Augustyna, św. J. H. Newmana, Leona XIII, Ch. Lubich i Soboru Watykańskiego II. Nie brakuje stanowiska protestanckiego (K. Barth i H. Asmussen) i motywu Matki jedności w rzymskiej liturgii i duchowości szensztackiej. Końcowy artykuł próbuje odczytać maryjne przesłanie niemieckiego poety J. W. Goethego. Wszystkie artykuły dotyczą głównie jedności w perspektywie eklezjalnej i ekumenicznej.
Teologiczna interpretacja przemian w sferze pracy. Podejście Ewangelickiego Kościoła w Niemczech
Authors: Kopiec Piotr
Published: December 2021

Artykuł ma na celu prezentację ewangelickiej koncepcji pracy w perspektywie wyłaniania się nowego porządku ekonomiczno-społecznego i tzw. czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej. Pokazuje, jak teologowie EKD adaptują reformacyjne nauczanie społeczne do bieżących okoliczności i dowodzi, że Kościół ewangelicki dostrzega potrzebę kształtowania systemowej koncepcji obejmującej zarówno modele stosunków pracy, jak i modele edukacji. Refleksja teologiczna EKD zmierza przede wszystkim do sformułowania aksjologicznego fundamentu, na którym mogą oprzeć się strategie polityczne czy społeczne. Przypomnienie teologicznego znaczenia pracy jako powołania jest ważnym czynnikiem tego fundamentu. Realizacja zamierzenia zakłada analizę wybranych tekstów Kościoła osadzoną w kontekście zwięzłego nakreślenia głównych punktów bieżących przemian technologicznych, ekonomicznych i społecznych.
Introduktion till årgång 44
Authors: Warnqvist Åsa
Published: December 2021

Introduktion
Introduktion: ”Poesi för barn och unga”
Authors: Alfredsson Johan , Skaret Anne
Published: December 2021

Introduktion: ”Poesi för barn och unga”
The G-sequence shadowing property and G-equicontinuity of the inverse limit spaces under group action
Authors: Ji Zhanjiang
Published: December 2021

First, we give the concepts of G-sequence shadowing property, G-equicontinuity and G-regularly recurrent point. Second, we study their dynamical properties in the inverse limit space under group action. The following results are obtained. (1) The self-mapping

f

f

has the G-sequence shadowing property if and only if the shift mapping

σ

\sigma

has the

G

¯

\overline{G}

-sequence shadowing property; (2) The self-mapping

f

f

is G-equicontinuous if and only if the shift mapping

σ

\sigma

is

G

¯

\overline{G}

-equicontinuous; (3)

R

R

G

¯

(

σ

)

=

lim

←

(

R

R

G

(

f

)

,
f

)

R{R}_{\overline{G}}\left(\sigma )=\underleftarrow{\mathrm{lim}}\left(R{R}_{G}(f),f)

. These conclusions make up for the lack of theory in the inverse limit space under group action.
Perception and Attitudes of Residents Towards Green Spaces in Croatia – an Exploratory Study
Authors: Marin Ana Marija , Kičić Martina , Vuletić Dijana , Krajter Ostoić Silvija
Published: December 2021

Green spaces are important parts of urban infrastructure. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown periods around the world have confirmed benefits that people derive from using green spaces for their physical and mental health. Green spaces need to meet the needs of users so that people can use them and benefit over time. It is important to consider users' perceptions and attitudes. User input proves beneficial in improving management practices. We investigated the differences in attitudes and perceptions of respondents from different large settlements in Croatia towards green spaces. Data on the use and perception of green spaces were collected in the first lockdown period in Europe and processed the part of the questionnaire on attitudes and perceptions towards green spaces. People have similar, mostly positive perceptions of green spaces regardless of the size of the settlement. Differences were found in the perception of disadvantages and needs related to the management of green spaces. This is the first study of the attitudes and perceptions on a large spatial scale in Croatia, so the results are exploratory and important. This study contributes to research on the social aspects of green spaces by investigating the influence of environmental context on perceptions and attitudes.
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Modulates Neural Processing of Sensory and Motor Circuits, from Potential Cellular Mechanisms to Behavior: A Scoping Review
Authors: Potok Weronika , van der Groen Onno , Bächinger Marc , Edwards Dylan , Wenderoth Nicole
Published: December 2021

Noise introduced in the human nervous system from cellular to systems levels can have a major impact on signal processing. Using transcranial stimulation, electrical noise can be added to cortical circuits to modulate neuronal activity and enhance function in the healthy brain and in neurologic patients. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a promising technique that is less well understood than other non-invasive neuromodulatory methods. The aim of the present scoping review is to collate published evidence on the effects of electrical noise at the cellular, systems, and behavioral levels, and discuss how this emerging method might be harnessed to augment perceptual and motor functioning of the human nervous system. Online databases were used to identify papers published in 2008–2021 using tRNS in humans, from which we identified 70 publications focusing on sensory and motor function. Additionally, we interpret the existing evidence by referring to articles investigating the effects of noise stimulation in animal and subcellular models. We review physiological and behavioral findings of tRNS-induced offline after-effects and acute online benefits which manifest immediately when tRNS is applied to sensory or motor cortices. We link these results to evidence showing that activity of voltage-gated sodium ion channels might be an important cellular substrate for mediating these tRNS effects. We argue that tRNS might make neural signal transmission and processing within neuronal populations more efficient, which could contribute to both (1) offline after-effects in the form of a prolonged increase in cortical excitability and (2) acute online noise benefits when computations rely on weak inputs.
Spatiotemporal Control of Noradrenaline-Dependent Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Neurons
Authors: Khamma Jacqueline K. , Copeland Daniel S. , Hake Holly S. , Gantz Stephanie C.
Published: December 2021

Activity of dorsal raphe neurons is controlled by noradrenaline afferents. In this brain region, noradrenaline activates Gαq-coupled α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR), causing action potential (AP) firing and serotonin release.In vitro, electrical stimulation elicits vesicular noradrenaline release and subsequent activation of α1-ARto produce an EPSC (α1-AR-EPSC). The duration of the α1-AR-EPSC (∼27 s) is much longer than that of most other synaptic currents, but the factors that govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of α1-ARare poorly understood. Using an acute brain slice preparation from adult male and female mice and electrophysiological recordings from dorsal raphe neurons, we found that the time course of the α1-AR-EPSC was slow, but highly consistent within individual serotonin neurons. The amount of noradrenaline released influenced the amplitude of the α1-AR-EPSC without altering the time constant of decay suggesting that once released, extracellular noradrenaline was cleared efficiently. Reuptake of noradrenaline via noradrenaline transporters was a primary means of terminating the α1-AR-EPSC, with little evidence for extrasynaptic diffusion of noradrenaline unless transporter-dependent reuptake was impaired. Taken together, the results demonstrate that despite slow intrinsic signaling kinetics, noradrenaline-dependent synaptic transmission in the dorsal raphe is temporally and spatially controlled and noradrenaline transporters are critical regulators of serotonin neuron excitability. Given the functionally distinct types of neurons intermingled in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the unique roles of these neural circuits in physiological responses, transporters may preserve independence of each synapse to encode a long-lasting but discrete signal.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dorsal raphe nucleus is the predominant source of serotonin in the brain and is controlled by another monoamine, noradrenaline. In this brain region, noradrenaline activates G-protein-coupled α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) causing action potential (AP) firing and serotonin release. Despite high interest in pharmacotherapies to enhance serotonin signaling, the factors that govern noradrenaline α1-ARsignaling have received little attention. Here, we show using mouse brain slices that the time course of α1-ARsignaling is slow, persisting for tens of seconds. Despite slow intrinsic signaling kinetics, noradrenaline-dependent synaptic transmission in the dorsal raphe is controlled temporally and spatially by efficient noradrenaline transporter-dependent clearance of extracellular noradrenaline. Thus, noradrenaline transporters are critical regulators of serotonin neuron excitability.
Plainly Audible
Authors: Martin Alison
Published: December 2021

This article tells the story of the Amplified Noise Act of 2018, a bill introduced through Washington, DC’s council to discourage street musicians in DC’s Chinatown neighborhood from disturbing local residents and office workers in the area. The punitive measures proposed in the bill included a $300 fine, up to ten days in jail, and/or the seizing of the offending equipment by the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). The public hearing, protests, and legislative maneuvering that followed encapsulate the racialized and sonic dimensions of gentrification in Washington, DC. I introduce these events through a theoretical framework that I call “intersectional listening.” Drawing on the work of Kimberlé Crenshaw and intellectual genealogies of Black feminist thought, intersectional listening attends to the sonically articulated expressions of identity that are present in processes of gentrification, producing an analysis that attends to the complexities of sound, power, and race in a changing city. Processes of gentrification amplify tensions surrounding sound, music, and noise in both public and private space, and these tensions are deeply racialized because of the ways in which Black people have long been deemed sonically unruly and unmanageable. Ultimately, this article works to decriminalize Black sound and amplify those striving to do the same.
Understanding and developing food pedagogies in Ontario pre-service education
Authors: Campigotto Rachelle , Barrett Sarah , MacRae Rod
Published: December 2021

Policy documents implore Ontario teachers to integrate environmental education (EE) in the curriculum. Evidence of significant barriers such as lack of time, resources and knowledge, and lack of preparation at the Bachelor of Education level to teaching EE is well documented (Barrett, 2007, 2013; Stevenson, 2007; Thompson, 2004). Food literacy (FL) is often considered a framework from which to understand environmental issues, thus the authors sought to consider its’ usefulness in aiding integration of EE curricula. Using a ‘theory into practice’ approach we asked: Can food literacy be used to make environmental issues more relevant and accessible, thus diminishing the barriers to teaching EE? How do pre-service teachers define FL and do they know enough to use this framework? Qualitative interviews were conducted with thirteen Ontario pre-service teachers to determine their understanding of FL. Findings included a lack of exposure to FL concepts, however, there was an interest to using FL to help teach EE. Some suggestions to improve food pedagogy in the pre-service program and placements included: curriculum changes that made explicit connection to food; clear linkages between environmental issues and food; empowering students to do projects, debates and assignments on food, and experiential learning. Ultimately, there was interest and promise of utilizing FL to integrate EE, but a change of culture at the pre-service level is needed for it to be supported.
Etuaptmumk - two-eyed seeing: Bringing together land-based learning and online technology to teach Indigenous youth about food
Authors: Bujold Renee , Fox Ann , Propser Kerry , Pictou Kara , Martin Debbie
Published: December 2021

In 2019 we began an intergenerational Land-based learning program with the goal of engaging a group of Mi’kmaw youth from a rural community in Nova Scotia with their Traditional Foodways. When COVID-19 and the physical distancing restrictions hit Nova Scotia, however, this changed how we implemented the project. We decided to bring youth together virtually and encourage self-directed Land-based learning. This paper describes the dilemmas we faced as we considered what initially seemed like a paradoxical relationship- using online technology to promote Land-based learning. Our aim is to not only draw attention to what we believe to be the centrality of the Land in understanding Indigenous foodways, but also the potential for online technology to enhance youth engagement on and with the Land. We begin by exploring Land-based learning and how it supports teaching about Traditional foodways and Indigenous culture, as well as the challenges and opportunities related to implementing Land-based pedagogy in a virtual environment. Using Etuaptmumk-Two Eyed Seeing as our lens, we argue that online technologies can support Land-based learning, providing principles of local culture are respected and the technology is compatible with community values.
Enteropathogen Changes After Rotavirus Vaccine Scale-up
Authors: Ballard Sarah-Blythe , Requena David , Mayta Holger , Sanchez Gerardo J. , Oyola-Lozada Maria G. , Colquechagua Aliaga Fabiola D. , Cabrera Lilia , Vittet Mondonedo Macarena D. , Taquiri Carmen , Tilley CAPT Drake H. , Simons CDR Mark P. , Meza Rina A. , Bern Caryn , Saito Mayuko , Figueroa-Quintanilla Dante A. , Gilman Robert H.
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES

To inform next steps in pediatric diarrhea burden reduction by understanding the shifting enteropathogen landscape after rotavirus vaccine implementation.

METHODS

We conducted a case-control study of 1788 medically attended children younger than 5 years, with and without gastroenteritis, after universal rotavirus vaccine implementation in Peru. We tested case and control stools for 5 viruses, 19 bacteria, and parasites; calculated coinfection-adjusted attributable fractions (AFs) to determine pathogen-specific burdens; and evaluated pathogen-specific gastroenteritis severity using Clark and Vesikari scales.

RESULTS

Six pathogens were independently positively associated with gastroenteritis: norovirus genogroup II (GII) (AF 29.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.0–32.3), rotavirus (AF 8.9, 95% CI: 6.8–9.7), sapovirus (AF 6.3, 95% CI: 4.3–7.4), astrovirus (AF 2.8, 95% CI: 0.0–4.0); enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat stable and/or heat labile and heat stable (AF 2.4, 95% CI: 0.6–3.1), and Shigella spp. (AF 2.0, 95% CI: 0.4–2.2). Among typeable rotavirus cases, we most frequently identified partially heterotypic strain G12P[8] (54 of 81, 67%). Mean severity was significantly higher for norovirus GII–positive cases relative to norovirus GII–negative cases (Vesikari [12.7 vs 11.8; P < .001] and Clark [11.7 vs 11.4; P = .016]), and cases in the 6- to 12-month age range relative to cases in other age groups (Vesikari [12.7 vs 12.0; P = .0002] and Clark [12.0 vs 11.4; P = .0016]).

CONCLUSIONS

Norovirus is well recognized as the leading cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in settings with universal rotavirus vaccination. However, sapovirus is often overlooked. Both norovirus and sapovirus contribute significantly to the severe pediatric disease burden in this setting. Decision-makers should consider multivalent vaccine acquisition strategies to target multiple caliciviruses in similar countries after successful rotavirus vaccine implementation.
Experimental Determination of the Influence of the Peeling Machine Constructive and Operating Parameters on the Criteria of the Peeling Process Efficiency
Authors: Anisimov Alexander V. , Rudik Feliks Ya.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The determination of the optimal technological efficiency of the peeling process, in terms of the number of detached casings and unit costs of the process, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to give reasons for a comprehensive evaluation criterion of the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain and choose the optimal values of the parameters of grain peeling, taking into account the energy intensity of the process.
Materials and Methods. To quantify the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain, we used the following local efficiency criteria: the relative yield of peeling by-products, the relative decrease in grain ash content, the increase in the number of cracked grains, and a comprehensive criterion of efficiency taking into account local criteria and the specific power consumption.
Results. The experiments have shown that the technological feasibility of the peeling process is ensured at the percentage of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine 60‒70%. In this case, the relative yield of waste husk is 3.2‒2.8%, the relative decrease in grain ash content is 0.32‒0.20%, and the increase in the number of cracked grains does not exceed 0.85%. With increasing the degree of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine from 50 to 100%, the specific power consumption decreases from 8.7 to 3.5 kW∙h/t.
Discussion and Сonclusion. To assess the technological efficiency of wheat grain peeling a generalized efficiency criterion, which includes local criteria, is proposed. It has been experimentally proved their dependence on the intensity of grain processing in the machine. The optimum combination of the flap opening degree at the outlet of the machine at 67% (productivity 0.7 t/h) and the specific power consumption of 5.8 kW∙h/t was defined. In this case, the efficiency complex criterion, taking into account the process energy intensity of, is 4.5 kg/kW∙h.
ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ГРОШОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ І РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: УКРАЇНСЬКА Л.О. , МАЩЕНКО М.А.
Published: December 2021

Мета. Дослідження і порівняльна характеристика цифрових грошових інструментів в ході їх еволюції. Методика. В процесі дослідження використані загальнонаукові методи дослідження, абстрагування і конкретизація; системний аналіз. Результати. Досліджено еволюцію грошових інструментів в умовах переходу до цифрової економіки, узагальнено суть та особливості різних видів електронних грошей, виявлено переваги і недоліки технології блокчейн і криптовалюти, розкрито перспективи введення цифрових валют і криптовалюти CBDC центробанків. Наукова новизна. Узагальнено суб’єктивні підходи до визначення цінності криптовалюти; переваги стимулювання спільного управління базою даних щодо розрахунків і реалізації інвестиційних проектів за допомогою технології блокчейн. Практична значущість. Рекомендації щодо активізації державного регулювання обігу криптовалют.