bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on growth of the threatened annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe 2001
Authors: Volcan Matheus Vieira , Fonseca Alinca Peres da , Figueiredo Mário Roberto Chim , Sampaio Luís André , Robaldo Ricardo Berteaux
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated the effect of temperature on growth of Austrolebias nigrofasciatus, an endemic and threatened annual killifish species of the Patos-Mirim lagoon system in Southern Brazil. In order to verify the effect of temperature on initial growth of A. nigrofasciatus, eggs stored in the laboratory were hatched and juveniles reared for eight weeks at 16 and 22 ºC. The standard length of newly hatched fishes was 4.67 ± 0.25 mm and after eight weeks they reached 23.68 ± 3.73 and 22.68 ± 5.36 mm, respectively at 16 and 22 ºC. However, initial growth of fish reared at 22 ºC was faster and they reached sexual dimorphism at an earlier age compared to those reared at 16 ºC. Final length of females reared at 22 ºC was 23.00 ± 2.83 mm, they were significantly larger than those reared at 16 ºC (17.91 ± 2.47 mm). Males were significantly larger than the females at 16 ºC, but there was no difference for growth between sexes of fish reared at 22 ºC. The sex ratios were 1:0.6 and 1:1.1 (M:F) at 16 ºC and 22 ºC, respectively, suggesting temperature determination of phenotypic sex. Considering the results, it appears that juveniles to be developed in captivity should be kept at 22 ºC during the first six weeks of life, thus ensuring a higher growth rate until puberty.
Four new species of Euphyllodromia (Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from the Amazon region (Brazil) and description of the genitalia of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Silva Leonardo de Oliveira Cardoso da
Published: February 2013

Four new species of Euphyllodromia Shelford, 1908 (E. spathulata, E. nigromaculata, E. neoelegans and E. spiculata) are described. Their male genitalia are illustrated. The female genitalia of E. spiculata and E. nigromaculata are also illustrated. Diagnostic characters of the head, thorax and abdomen of E. amazonensis Rocha e Silva, 1984 are reiterated, illustrated and combined with the description of the male and female genitalia for the first time. A key is provided to include the species treated here.
Mariposas Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Ferro Viviane Gianluppi , Resende Isis Maria de Holanda , Duarte Marcelo
Published: February 2013

Uma lista de espécies foi preparada com base no exame de 2.772 espécimes depositados em 10 coleções brasileiras. Um total de 499 arctiíneos foi registrado em 30 municípios, sendo 1,4% dessas espécies endêmicas do estado de Santa Catarina. As localidades mais ricas em registros de espécies foram Joinville, São Bento do Sul, Seara e Brusque. Apenas 15 noites de amostragens foram realizadas no século 21. A floresta estacional decidual foi extremamente subamostrada no que diz respeito às mariposas Arctiinae em comparação com os outros tipos de vegetação encontrados no estado de Santa Catarina. Para um diagnóstico mais abrangente da riqueza e composição de espécies de mariposas Arctiinae no estado de Santa Catarina, visando estratégias de conservação de habitats e táxons vulneráveis, são necessárias amostragens em muitos municípios do estado, especialmente em áreas de floresta estacional decidual e de campos.
Forest lepidopteran communities are more resilient to shelterwood harvests compared to more intensive logging regimes
Authors: Summerville Keith S.
Published: February 2013

A common measure of ecosystem resilience is the time course to recovery for a system that has been previously disturbed. The goal of this study was to assess whether forest lepidopteran communities displayed three different forms of resilience following experimental timber harvest. Specifically, I examined whether moth species assemblages returned to pre‐logging composition (compositional resilience), species richness (structural resilience), and guild diversity (functional resilience) after forest management. Lepidoptera were sampled from 16 forest stands managed with one of four harvest treatments: no logging, clear‐cutting, shelterwood harvests, and group selection harvests. Moths were sampled from all forest stands one year prior to harvest in 2007 and immediately postharvest in 2009–2011. Moth community composition only appeared to be resilient to timber harvest in stands managed with shelterwood methods (15% biomass removed) or in the unlogged stands within managed concession units. Both total species richness and species richness ofQuercus‐feeding moths also appeared to recover to a near original condition three years post‐shelterwood logging. In contrast, moth assemblages in clear‐cut stands and group selection stands (80% biomass removed) remained impoverished. Tests of functional resilience suggested that richness of species known to be pollinators was largely unaffected by timber management, and the number of moth species known to feed on herbaceous vegetation doubled in stands logged using group selection methods. Dietary specialists were disproportionately abundant in the unlogged stands postharvest, suggesting that species with more narrow dietary niches have the lowest resilience to timber management. These results suggest that most methods of forest management have short‐term negative impacts on woody‐plant‐feeding Lepidoptera, but that the effects are limited to a few years when the harvest method involves shelterwood cuts. Herbaceous‐feeding Lepidoptera appear to quickly colonize stands managed with group selection or clear‐cutting, so loss of species richness in stands managed with either of these treatments may be less than predicted based on level of timber being removed. Recovery of moth assemblages in more highly disturbed stands will require longer time periods and techniques such as group selection harvests, where upwards of 80% of the standing bole is removed, may not be consistent with conservation goals.
Development and Utilization of High Carotenoid Maize Germplasm: Proof of Concept
Authors: Burt Andrew J. , Caston Linda , Leeson Steven , Shelp Barry J. , Lee Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2013

Lutein and zeaxanthin are commonly referred to as the macular carotenoids, as they are localized to ocular tissues and their loss is associated with age‐related macular degeneration. High carotenoid eggs have been suggested as a good dietary source of macular carotenoids, particularly lutein. In this paper we demonstrate two key proof of concept steps: transferring the high carotenoid phenotype to elite inbred backgrounds and carotenoid enrichment of eggs through feeding high carotenoid maize (Zea mays L.) grain to laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Using two inbred backgrounds and three high carotenoid donor lines, BC1S2 lines were developed with selections made based solely on visual assessment of kernel color. The 20‐wk laying hen feeding trial consisted of four complete diets that varied for the maize component (i.e., a high‐zeaxanthin maize line, a high‐lutein maize line, and a conventional yellow maize line with and without a commercial lutein [Oro‐glo] supplement) with eggs samples collected every 4 wk. High‐carotenoid maize diet treatments yielded carotenoid concentrations in egg yolks that were approximately fourfold higher than those achieved with the conventional maize feed control and were found to be equally available to the laying hen as a lutein feed additive used as a positive control. While phenotyping by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) cannot be completely eliminated, visual selection increases the proportion of high‐carotenoid phenotypes and it appears that transferring the high carotenoid phenotype into elite inbred lines is relatively straightforward.
Growth and Physiological Traits of Canopy and Root Systems Associated with Drought Resistance in Tall Fescue
Authors: Sun Jianming , Meyer William , Cross James , Huang Bingru
Published: February 2013

Water uptake and usage are important factors affecting plant adaption to drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine morphological and physiological traits of the grass canopy and root systems governing plant water relations in association with genetic variability in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) drought resistance. Grass canopy and root traits (turf quality [TQ], relative water content [RWC], evapotranspiration [ET] rate, single‐leaf net photosynthesis rate [Pn], stomatal conductance [gs], stomatal aperture [SA] and density, transpiration rate [Tr], root length [RL], root dry weight [RDW], root viability or root electrolyte leakage [REL], and specific root length [SRL]) were examined in seven tall fescue genotypes during drought stress in two repeated trials of a controlled‐environment growth chamber study (May–June and September–October 2011). All these canopy and root traits exhibited significant variability in drought responses among tall fescue genotypes while Pn, gs, Tr, RL, RDW, and SRL also varied among genotypes under well‐watered conditions. Correlation and principal component analysis of traits associated with genetic variability in drought resistance demonstrated that the superior turf performance (higher TQ) and leaf hydration status (higher RWC) under drought stress were associated with sustained stomatal opening (greater SA and gs) and water use rate (higher Tr and ET), maintaining higher Pn as well as the development of the root system with higher viability (lower REL) and finer diameter (higher SRL). Integration of canopy and root traits controlling both water consumption and water uptake will facilitate breeding improvement of drought resistance in tall fescue and other cool‐season grass species.
COBIT 5 and Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Building Blocks and Research Opportunities
Authors: De Haes Steven , Van Grembergen Wim , Debreceny Roger S.
Published: February 2013

COBIT, currently in its fifth edition, is a good-practice framework for the enterprise governance of IT. There is limited academic research that either analyzes COBIT or leverages COBIT as an instrument in executing research programs. Through linking core elements and principles of COBIT to insights from IT-related and general management literature, this paper explores the use of COBIT in future research activities. This paper positions COBIT as a framework for enterprise governance of IT. The major directions and core principles of the framework are described. Connections are made of these directions and principles to the relevant literature. Research questions for future research around enterprise governance of IT and COBIT 5 are proposed and discussed.
Theoretical analysis of multiple-pulse thermal damage thresholds of the retina
Authors: Clark C. D. , Marshall W. J. , Thomas R. J.
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of multiple-pulse thermal damage thresholds based on the Arrhenius integral damage model. We consider the dependence of thresholds on both the number of pulses and the pulse spacing and show that the trends can be understood by considering the thermal relaxation time. The biological data that exists in the multiple-pulse thermal damage regime fits in with the model's predictions but does not validate them. We propose a simple experiment for validation and present a hypothetical scheme for adjusting the maximum permissible exposure limit for multiple pulses in the thermal damage regime.
Radiotherapy for inverted papilloma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Strojan Primož , Jereb Simona , Borsos Imre , But-Hadzic Jasna , Zidar Nina
Published: February 2013

Background. Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare, usually benign tumor arising from the respiratory mucosa of the sinonasal tract. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. In histologically overt benign IPs (i.e.without associated malignancy) irradiation was employed only anecdotally. The patient with gross residual of benign IP after up-front surgery that was subsequently treated with irradiation is presented and the literature reports on the use of radiotherapy (RT) in this tumor type are reviewed.

Case report. After the surgical treatment the residuum in the region of the sphenoid and adjacent cavernous sinus was irradiated to 54 Gy in 1.8 Gy daily fractions. No recurrence or deterioration of olfaction, hearing or vision was observed 2.6 years post-RT.

Review of the literature. In the literature, six reports were identified with 16 patients describing necessary details on RT and outcome. Twelve of 14 cases (our case included) with gross or subtotal tumor resection and postoperative RT were locally controlled. The lowest and the median irradiation doses were 47.15 Gy and 56.5 Gy, respectively, and the follow-up period ranged between 0.5-20.5 years (median 7.8 years).

Conclusions. RT is safe and valuable treatment option in histologically overt benign IPs. It is indicated when the risk of tumor recurrence after surgery is increased and in inoperable tumors.
The Role of Context in Polysemy
Authors: Kovács Éva
Published: February 2013

Polysemy, the phenomenon whereby a linguistic unit exhibits multiple distinct yet related meanings, has always been a topic of great interest for both lexical semanticists and lexicographers. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate what role context plays in the interpretation of the different senses of polysemous lexical items.
The Truth of Art in David Jones and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Potter Martin
Published: February 2013

I shall examine the theory of art developed by David Jones, the twentieth-century Anglo-Welsh poet and artist (especially in his essay “Art and Sacrament”), in the light of a comparison with the theory of art propounded by Hans-Georg Gadamer, the twentieth-century German philosopher in the phenomenological tradition (especially his essay “Die Aktualität des Schönen”), not claiming influence, but highlighting striking parallels.
Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Growth and Yield of Crop at Rampur, Chitwan
Authors: Kharel K. , Amgain L. P.
Published: February 2013

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during March-July 2008 to explore the impact of ambient ozone on crop growth and yield. Mungbean cultivar "Pratikshya" was used as a test crop for the study. Mungbean plants were planted in 40 pots and 50% of the plants (i.e. plants in 20 pots) were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) from 13 DAS to crop maturity at 10 days intervals. The ambient ozone level of the site was measured with passive samplers. The ozone level ranged from 29.3 to 39.1 ppb at the experimentation site during the cropping period. It was found that the ambient ozone at the site caused significant effects on plant growth and yield. The observed ambient ozone was found to reduce the growth parameters like plant height, per plant number of leaves, and number of branches by 10%, 27.74%, and 10.88%, respectively at 70 DAS while it reduced per plant number of seeds (13.17%), seed dry weights (19.67%), test weight (g/1000 seeds), (10.28%), total above-ground biomass (16.60%), harvest index (6.25%), and shelling percentage (5.07%) of controlled over EDU treated plants (ozone protected). The study clearly indicated that ambient ozone contributes to lower plant growth and crop yield.Key words: Ambient ozone; Ethylenediurea (EDU); Passive samplerThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 40-45Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010
Role of Food Tradition in Conserving Crop Landraces On-Farm
Authors: Rijal Deepak Kumar
Published: February 2013

Local knowledge of crop diversity linked to food traditions, local practices and social norms is documented acquired through interaction with farmers and focus group discussion. Cooking quality of different rice varieties was assessed to see the effects of the environment factors. Different food dishes were assessed by trained cook, urban and rural consumers to identify dishes for market promotion. Diversified food traditions show close links to richness of crop landrace diversity. Crop landraces have substance, symbolic and sign values. Certain food dishes are used as symbolic offerings to different Gods such as lineage God, goddess and spirits of the past ancestors. Of the elaborated dishes tried, taro when prepared with legumes, mutton and fish, was preferred. Such preference was also landrace specific. 'Hattipow' for fried mutton, 'Panchamukhe' with fish and 'Ujarka' for Samosa are preferred. Culinary characters on rice landraces were unaffected by environment factors. The quality of improved variety, however decreased when grown in alien environments. The likelihood of crop landraces to be conserved increases if: a) they are competitive to other options farmers-custodian have b) farmer-custodian and consumers follow socio-cultural norms, and c) traditional dishes still remain popular. Increased demand for landraces and the promotion of landraces derived products help generate income and green jobs which are the same time offers of community incentives to conserve crop landraces on-farm.Key words: Dishes; Landraces; Livelihoods; Traditions; ValuesThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTVol. 11, 2010Page: 107-119Uploaded date: 16 September, 2010
Fertilizer Policy Development in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ram Krishna
Published: February 2013

Fertilizer is a vital input for agriculture production. With the growing popularity of modern agriculture, fertilizer consumption in Nepal has been increasing over the years. Since, Nepal does not produce any fertilizers, demand for fertilizers are being met through formal and informal imports. Over the years, fertilizer policy changes have been observed several times in a bid to satisfy farmers' demand for quality fertilizers. While fertilizer policy change of deregulating the fertilizer trade initially produced positive impact in overall supply situation, deregulation policy could not largely ensure the supply of quality fertilizers in required quantity and time. Re-introducing subsidy regime in chemical fertilizer by the government's recent decision could be considered as a positive development towards meeting farmers demand for quality fertilizer. However, given the quota of subsidized fertilizer, which is far less than the actual demand, the problem of supply is likely to continue. To address current problem of short supply government should increase the quota at least up to three hundred thousand metric tons. Moreover, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives should come up with a long-term plan aiming at sustainable management of soil fertility.Key words: Fertilizer subsidy; Fertilizer deregulation; Fertilizer importThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTVol. 11, 2010Page: 126-137Uploaded date: 16 September, 2010
Response Of Cauliflower To Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizer And Graded Levels Of Nitrogen
Authors: Bashyal Lila Nath
Published: February 2013

A field experiment was carried out at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during September, 2007 to February, 2008 to assess the response of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis cv. Kathmandu Local) to biofertilizer containing free living nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter and different levels of nitrogen. The experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of 10 treatments (nitrogen 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha–1 alone and in combinations of 2 kg of the nitrogen fixing biofertilizer) arranged in 5 × 2 complete factorial with 3 replications. Application of nitrogen along with the biofertilizer significantly increased morphological, yield and quality characters as compared to application of nitrogen without biofertilizer. The maximum stem height, stem diameter, highest curd height, curd diameter, fresh curd weight and curd yield were recorded at 120 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. Cauliflower curd yield obtained at 120 kg nitrogen ha–1 did not significantly differ with the curd yield recorded at 60 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The earliest days to curd initiation and maturity were recorded at 30 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The highest vitamin C content of curds and the most attractive curd color were recorded at 60 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1, while the appearance and over all acceptability were recorded at 120 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The finding demonstrated a saving of 60 kg nitrogen ha–1 without significantly affecting yield. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 41-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7562
Eco-Friendly Management Of Pulse Beetle
Authors: Regmi Homan , Dhoj Yubak
Published: February 2013

An experiment on eco-friendly approach of managing pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April to July, 2007. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments laid out in two factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Among them, storage structure (aluminium sheet bin and jute bag with plastic lining) was considered as one factor and pesticidal materials (Xanthoxylum armatum DC fruit dust@ 30gm kg-1; Acorus calamus L. rhizome dust@ 30 gm kg-1; Cinnamom camphora balls@ 1.5 gm kg-1; Sesamum indicum L. oil@ 5 ml kg-1; Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf dust@30gm kg-1; malathion dust@ 1gm kg-1 and control) was as another factor. Among six pesticidal materials tested, mortality of adult bruchids was obtained significantly higher in chickpea treated by C. camphora balls (25.17) followed by A. calamus rizome dust (24.83) and Sesamum oil (24.50). Grain damage and weight loss was nil in chickpea treated by these three materials. Among botanicals used, X. armatum fruit dust and A. indica leaf dust were found ineffective to cause adult mortality (20.33 and 19.67) and adult emergence (1549 and 2292) in chickpea. Malathion, initially was found somewhat effective in adult mortality (21.67) and adult emergence (30.33). However, it was less effective from F2 generation resulting maximum adult emergence (2127). While comparing two storage structures, jute bag with plastic lining was better in terms of maintaining lower moisture (14.64%), higher germination (65.14%) and lesser grain damage (39.95%). Thus, the jute bag with plastic lining was found as a better storage structure and botanical materials such as A. calamus rhizome dust, Sesamum oil and C. camphora balls have been found as effective safe alternatives for the management of C. chinensis L. in the storage of chickpea. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 81-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7567
Climate Change Adaptation: Strategic Vision In Agriculture
Authors: Pokhrel Deepak Mani , Pandey Bidya
Published: February 2013

Climate change, including its impacts on natural resources and physical infrastructure affecting various aspects of human life, has been distressing people increasingly especially in poor economies for their limited ability to adapt to the austerities. Nepal is expectedly much vulnerable and foreseen to have pressure on its agriculture and livelihood of agrarian communities. The country's ability to adapt to the adversities has direct implications in its strategies on agriculture sector development. Agriculture sector policies, periodic plans and relevant action plans and projects were reviewed in connection to consultatively speculated vulnerabilities and impacts of climate change to appraise the country's preparedness and strength for the adaptation. The policy statements are broad enough to cover majority of vulnerability issues. And they lack optimum research need and resource availability considerations and clear pathways towards capacitating vulnerable communities to cope with the changing situations. Deficiencies in policy matters to guide state development agents through urgent and appropriate interventions, and policy makers' indulgence in fetching external supports are indicated as distracting the country away from real developmental path. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 104-112 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7570
Enhancing On-Farm Conservation Of Agro-Biodiversity Through Community Seed Bank: An Experience Of Western Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Shree Kumar , Gurung Assa Ram , Sthapit BR
Published: February 2013

The community seed bank (CSB) is emerged as an effective rural institution at the community level to strengthen farmers’ access to diversity of crop genetic resources as well as seeds that contribute to local food security for poor farmers and also to ensure the conservation of agro-biodiversity on-farm. This paper presents some evidences from the community of western Nepal to demonstrate that CSB is one of the options to conserve and use agro-biodiversity on farm. Biodiversity Conservation and Development Committees (BCDCs) and farmers have established six CSBs in western terai with the support of Agrobiodiversity component of Western Terai Landscape Complex Project (WTLCP-ABD) in Bardia (1 CSB), Kanchanpur (2 CSBs) and Kailali (3 CSBs) districts. These CSBs are functional with prearranged community developed mechanisms for collection, conservation, replication and distribution of seeds. Communities have collected and conserved 88 (Belwa), 77 (Beldandi), 99 (Gadariya), 78 (Masuriya), 76 (Patharaiya) and 82 (Shankarpur) number of accessions of different crops in CSBs. CSB enhanced farmer’s seed system and strengthened social networks for exchange of seeds to cope with impacts of climatic adversity by providing immediate access to locally adapted germplasm as community based adaptation strategy. CSB is becoming a reliable local adaptation practice that minimizes the potential negative impacts of climate change in addition to accessibility, conservation and use of genetic resources in western terai of Nepal. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 132-139 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7573
Letter to Editors
Authors: Manandhar Dhruba Narayan
Published: February 2013

Mr. Dhruba Narayan Manandhar (Pest and Pesticide Management Expert, phone 4429604) writes to the Editor-in-Chief regarding an article entitled 'Knowledge, practice and use of pesticides among commercial vegetable growers of Dhading district, Nepal' published in The Jou. of Agri. and Env., vol.11 (2010), pp. 95-100. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7575
Determining the age distribution of Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa, Swiss Alps, by combining ice cores, ground-penetrating radar and a simple flow model
Authors: Konrad Hannes , Bohleber Pascal , Wagenbach Dietmar , Vincent Christian , Eisen Olaf
Published: February 2013

Ice cores from cold Alpine glaciers may provide unique paleoclimate information from non-polar latitudes. We explore the three-dimensional internal age distribution of the small cold glacier saddle (Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa, Italy/Switzerland) to compare the age/depth relations from four local deep ice cores. Tracking isochronous reflection horizons detected by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) among the core locations reveals consistent dating up to 80 years BP. This approach is confined to recent ages, due to the lack of clear reflections below the firn/ice transition. We attempt to overcome this limitation by including a two-dimensional flow model adapted to the GPR-derived surface accumulation and ice thickness distribution. Modeled and GPR isochrones are compared, indicating agreement in shape but featuring a potential offset of 0–3.5 m. The modeled isochrones are interpolated to the core array with ages assigned according to the ice-core datings. The resulting age distribution is consistent up to 110 years BP, with age uncertainties increasing from 7 to >80 years in the lower half of the ice. This combination of methods is novel for Alpine sites and may be adapted for spatial extrapolation of ice properties other than age.
Calving event detection by observation of seiche effects on the Greenland fjords
Authors: Walter Fabian , Olivieri Marco , Clinton John F.
Published: February 2013

With mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet accelerating and spreading to higher latitudes, the quantification of mass discharge in the form of icebergs has recently received much scientific attention. Here we make use of very low-frequency (0.001–0.01 Hz) seismic data from three permanent broadband stations installed in the summers of 2009–10 in northwest Greenland in order to monitor local calving activity. At these frequencies, calving seismograms are dominated by a tilt signal produced by local ground flexure in response to fjord seiching generated by major iceberg calving events. A simple triggering algorithm is proposed to detect calving events from large calving fronts with potentially no user interaction. Our calving catalogue identifies spatial and temporal differences in calving activity between Jakobshavn Isbræ and glaciers in the Uummannaq district ∼200 km to the north. The Uummannaq glaciers show clear seasonal fluctuations in seiche-based calving detections as well as seiche amplitudes. In contrast, the detections at Jakobshavn Isbræ show little seasonal variation, which may be evidence for an ongoing transition to winter calving activity. The results offer further evidence that seismometers can provide efficient and inexpensive monitoring of calving fronts.
Fahr's syndrome
Authors: Ahad Md Abdul , Bala C S , Karim S R
Published: February 2013

Miss Merry, 17 years old girl hailing from Barobila., Patkelghata, Satkhira was admitted in Khulna Medical College Hospital on 27-06-2010 with the complaints of fever, convulsion and unconsciousness for 7 days. She has also some hearing impairment, behavioral abnormalities and stunted growth since her childhood. On examination she was deeply unconscious, anaemic and febrile. CT scan of brain reveals multiple bilateral symmetrical calcification seen in the brain parenchyma involving basal ganglia, thalamus, para ventricular region, and cerebellar nucleus. Multiple ill defined hypodense areas are seen in the both parieto-occipital region, suggestive of Fahr's syndrome with meningoencephalitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13628 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 33-35
Violence towards doctors
Authors: Rasul Choudhury Habibur
Published: February 2013

Not availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13636Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 1-2
Rock Art Science: The Scientific Study Of Palaeoart. By Robert G. Bednarik, Second Edition, Expanded and Updated. Aryan Books, International, New Delhi, 2007; 220 Pages. Price $A 80.00, ISBN 81-7305-319-7
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: February 2013

In the uncertain horizon of a discipline in desperate need for consensus, a man stands alone, raising high above personal feuds a warning flag on which the reader can read: “We cannot afford to get it wrong, the resource is not renewable!”
Single Step Nanoplasmonic Immunoassay for the Measurement of Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Prabhulkar Shradha , De la Zerda Adam , Paranjape Amit , Awdeh Richard
Published: February 2013

A nanoplasmonic biosensor for highly-sensitive, single-step detection of protein biomarkers is presented. The principle is based on the utilization of the optical scattering properties of gold nanorods (GNRs) conjugated to bio-recognition molecules. The nanoplasmonic properties of the GNRs were utilized to detect proteins using near-infrared light interferometry. We show that the antibody-conjugated GNRs can specifically bind to our model analyte, Glucose Transporter-1 (Glut-1). The signal intensity of back-scattered light from the GNRs bound after incubation, correlated well to the Glut-1 concentration as per the calibration curve. The detection range using this nanoplasmonic immunoassay ranges from 10 ng/mL to 1 ug/mL for Glut-1. The minimal detectable concentration based on the lowest discernable concentration from zero is 10 ng/mL. This nanoplasmonic immunoassay can act as a simple, selective, sensitive strategy for effective disease diagnosis. It offers advantages such as wide detection range, increased speed of analysis (due to fewer incubation/washing steps), and no label development as compared to traditional immunoassay techniques. Our future goal is to incorporate this detection strategy onto a microfluidic platform to be used as a point-of-care diagnostic tool.
Coating SiO2 Support with TiO2 or ZrO2 and Effects on Structure and CO Oxidation Performance of Pt Catalysts
Authors: Kim Mi-Young , Choi Jae-Soon , Toops Todd , Jeong Eun-Suk , Han Sang-Wook , Schwartz Viviane , Chen Jihua
Published: February 2013

In this work, we studied how TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings enhance the CO oxidation performance of SiO2-supported Pt catalysts under conditions relevant to automotive emissions control. SiO2 was coated with metal oxides TiO2 or ZrO2 by sol-gel method and the subsequent Pt loading was done by incipient wetness method. The prepared catalysts Pt/TiO2-SiO2 and Pt/ZrO2-SiO2 were compared with Pt/SiO2 and Pt/Al2O3 in fresh, sulfated, and hydrothermally aged states. The structure of the catalysts was characterized with BET, XRD, TEM, EDS, EXAFS, XANES, TPD and TPR to help interpret the CO oxidation performance. Higher dispersion, stability, and oxidation state of Pt were achieved on TiO2-SiO2 and ZrO2-SiO2 supports due to stronger metal-support interaction leading to superior CO oxidation performance compared to Pt/SiO2 and Pt/Al2O3. TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings introduced surface acidity but negligible basicity, which is a likely reason for the weak and low adsorption of SO2. The results suggest that the sol-gel coating of SiO2 with metal oxides could be an attractive strategy for designing automotive oxidation catalysts with enhanced performance such as low-temperature activity, sulfur tolerance, and hydrothermal stability.
Preparation of Thiophene-Fused and Tetrahydroquinoline-Linked Cyclopentadienyl Titanium Complexes for Ethylene/α-Olefin Copolymerization
Authors: Kim Sung , Park Ji , Song Bo , Yoon Seung-Woong , Go Min , Lee Junseong , Lee Bun
Published: February 2013

A synthetic scheme was developed for the large-scale preparation of a dimethylthiophene-fused and tetrahydroquinaldine-linked dimethylcyclopentadienyl titanium complex (2), which is a high-performance homogeneous Ziegler catalyst. 2,3,4,5-Tetramethyl-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[b]thiophen-6-one was prepared without chromatography purification on the 40-g scale in a laboratory setting, from which the ligand precursor for 2 was obtained in 65% yield on a 50-g scale in a one-pot without the need for chromatography purification. Metallation was achieved in a high yield (78%) through reaction of the dilithiated compound with TiCl4. Many derivatives were prepared by employing the same synthetic scheme as applied for 2. Among them, the titanium complex prepared from 2-methyl-4,5-dimethyl-6-(2-n-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene exhibited an exceptionally high activity. Under commercially relevant high-temperature polymerization conditions (160 °C), this compound showed a higher activity than 2 (126 × 106 g/molTi∙h versus 72 × 106 g/molTi∙h), albeit with the formation of a polymer of slightly lower molecular weight (Mw, 159,000 versus 218,000) and with a slightly lower 1-octene content (9.3 mol% versus 12 mol%).
Oligomerization of Ethylene to Produce Linear α-Olefins Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Prepared by Immobilization of α-Diiminenickel(II) Complex into Fluorotetrasilicic Mica Interlayer
Authors: Kurokawa Hideki , Miura Kazuki , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Sakuragi Tsutomu , Sugiyama Takao , Ohshima Masa-aki , Miura Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

Heterogeneous catalysts for production of linear α-olefins from ethylene were prepared by the direct reaction of the α-diimine ligand [L: R-N=C(R')-C(R')=N-R; R' = Me and R = 2,6-Me2Ph (L5), 2,5-Me2Ph (L1), 2-MePh (L2), or Ph (L3); R' = 1,8-naphth-diyl and R = Ph (L4)] and Ni2+ ion-exchanged fluorotetrasilicic mica. Only high molecular weight polyethylene was obtained in the reaction using the L5/Ni2+-Mica procatalyst activated by AlEt3 (TEA) as an activator, whereas the TEA-activated L1- and L2/Ni2+-Mica procatalysts afforded a mixture of a large amount of low-molecular weight polyethylene and a small amount of oligomers having 4-22 carbons. The procatalyst consisting of Ni2+-Mica and the L3 ligand that possesses non-substituted phenyl groups on the iminonitrogen atoms effectively promoted the oligomerization of ethylene after its activation with TEA, resulting in the fact that the ethylene oligomers were produced with a moderate catalytic activity (101 g-ethylene g-cat−1 h−1 at 0.7 MPa-ethylene) in the presence of TEA. When the backbone was varied from the butane moiety (L3) to acenaphthene (L4), the solid product dramatically increased. The weight percentage of the oligomers in the total products increased with the increasing reaction temperature; however, an insignificant increase in the oligomers was observed when the ethylene pressure was decreased.
Chlorella protothecoides Microalgae as an Alternative Fuel for Tractor Diesel Engines
Authors: Al-lwayzy Saddam , Yusaf Talal
Published: February 2013

Biodiesel has attracted a great deal attention recently as an alternative fuel due to increasing fuel prices and the imperative to reduce emissions. Among a wide range of biodiesel resources, microalgae are a promising alternative fuel source because of the high biomass, lipid productivity and environmentally friendliness. Microalgae is also a non-edible food, therefore, there will be no impact on the human food supply chain. In this work, petroleum diesel (PD) and biodiesel from the microalgae Chlorella protothecoides (MCP-B20) blend have been used to examine the performance and the emission of a 25.8 kW agriculture tractor engine. Two engine speeds at maximum power take off (PTO) power and torque have been selected for analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there is no significant difference between the engine performance when microalgae biodiesel blend (MCP-B20) and PD were used. However, a significant reduction in CO, CO2 and NO emissions was found when MCP-B20 was used. These outcomes give strong indication that microalgae can be successfully used in tractors as alternative fuel.
Pivotal Enzyme in Glutamate Metabolism of Poly-g-Glutamate-Producing Microbes
Authors: Ashiuchi Makoto , Yamamoto Takashi , Kamei Tohru
Published: February 2013

The extremely halophilic archaeon Natrialba aegyptiaca secretes the L-homo type of poly-g-glutamate (PGA) as an extremolyte. We examined the enzymes involved in glutamate metabolism and verified the presence of L-glutamate dehydrogenases, L-aspartate aminotransferase, and L-glutamate synthase. However, neither glutamate racemase nor D-amino acid aminotransferase activity was detected, suggesting the absence of sources of D-glutamate. In contrast, D-glutamate-rich PGA producers mostly possess such intracellular sources of D-glutamate. The results of our present study indicate that the D-glutamate-anabolic enzyme “glutamate racemase” is pivotal in the biosynthesis of PGA.
New Casbane Diterpenoids from a South China Sea Soft Coral, Sinularia sp.
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhao Min , Ma Minshan , Xu Yuping , Xiang Zheng , Cai Yuepiao , Dong Jianyong , Lei Xinxiang , Huang Kexin , Yan Pengcheng
Published: February 2013

Six new casbane diterpenoids, named as sinularcasbanes A–F (1–6), along with six known analogues 7–12, were isolated from a South China Sea soft coral, Sinularia sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with data reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines and the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Valuing the Unmarketable: An Ecological Approach to the Externalities Estimate in Fishing Activities
Authors: Pranovi Fabio , Sarà Gianluca , Franzoi Piero
Published: February 2013

In a rapidly changing world, sustainability, if it can be said to exist at all, is concept that has attained mythic status, often pursued and rarely reached. In order to improve our capability to cope with environmental problems, adopting an Ecosystem Approach has been suggested. One of the major challenges in the implementation of this new paradigm relates to control of externalities. The recognition and quantification of externalities is often cast as valuing the unmarketable, and there are several approaches that have been proposed. Here, we analyze the opportunity to “feed” the economic valuation with ecological concepts. From an ecological perspective, the energy required to sustain a biomass unit at a given trophic level (TL) is the same, whatever the species. We build on this central tenet of ecology to assess the value of a TL unit for each trophic position using fish market data. The results obtained were then used to assign a value to each species living in a given habitat, together with consideration of their ecological role within the community. Estimates of both natural capital and functional value were applied to assess the ecological impacts of mechanical clam harvesting versus the multi-species artisanal fishery in the Venice lagoon. Results are discussed in relation to possible contribution to the implementation of a different management strategy.
Enhanced Effects of Flood Disasters Due to Hillside Development in Urban Areas
Authors: Teng Wei-Hsien , Chen Chih-Hung
Published: February 2013

In recent years, the Taiwan government has established a number of flood control facilities such as dikes, pumping stations and drainage systems to effectively reduce downstream flooding. However, with continued development and urbanization of catchment areas, the original designs of most flood control facilities have become outdated. Hillside lands in the upper and middle reaches of river basins have undergone urban development through unsound engineering practices, paving the way for heavy downstream flooding. Therefore, proper river basin management should include both upstream and downstream sides. The main purpose of the paper is to simulate non-urban inundation areas with various degrees of development (0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 60%), over two different return periods of 25 years and 200 years, for intensive rainfall events in the Shi-Chi District, Taiwan. Through hydrological analysis and numerical simulations of inundation, quantitative data on inundation potential have been established based on the land development conditions along the hillsides on the upper and middle reaches of the Keelung River Basin. The simulated results show that the increase in the extent of land development in the upper reaches causes an increase in the area and depth of inundation, resulting in an increased risk of flooding in downstream areas. If the land-use policy makers in the upper reaches of the river basin’s hillsides do not properly manage the land development, the risk of flooding in downstream areas will increase. In such an event, the policy makers should first review the situation to understand the problem with the consideration of this study. Thus, proper development and flood mitigation in hillsides can be established.
Sensory Neuropathy Associated With Aggressive Cauterization Using a Bipolar Radiofrequency Device in Primary TKA
Authors: Lyons Steven , Morrison Kurt , Tejiram Shawn , Levering Melissa , Polikandriotis John A. , Bernasek Thomas
Published: February 2013

Because significant postoperative blood loss can result in many complications, hemostasis remains a critical part of successful joint replacement outcomes. Advanced techniques, such as electrocautery use after optimally timed tourniquet release, focus on desired patient blood loss outcomes.

The purposes of this study were to report the incidence of nerve injury, identify associated risk factors following the use of bipolar electrocautery for hemostasis in the posterior knee during primary total knee arthroplasty, and compare that rate with the rate seen using a standard electrocautery device. Clinical and operative data were retrospectively reviewed for an association with postoperative nerve injury in 241 consecutive patients when using bipolar electrocautery between July 2007 and October 2008. A comparison group of 192 demographically similar consecutive patients between November 2008 and October 2009 was also evaluated to establish a surgeon-specific benchmark when using standard electrocautery. Seven (2.9%) of 241 patients in the bipolar electrocautery group reported documented neuropathies compared with 1 (0.52%) of 192 patients using standard electrocautery. In addition, female sex and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with postoperative nerve injury following bipolar electrocautery.

Although the bipolar radiofrequency device is effective in achieving hemostasis, the authors recommend judicious use of this procedure in women or patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cautious, nonaggressive use of posterior compartment bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the remaining patient populations.
La Fleur de l’âge : chronique d’en France ou l’échec d’une coproduction internationale (Archives Pierre Braunberger)
Authors: Papanicolaou Catherine
Published: February 2013

La Fleur de l’âge ou les Adolescentes est un film à épisodes coproduit par le Canada, la France, l’Italie et le Japon en 1964 qui n’a jamais été distribué en France. Il est possible, à partir de documents d’archives conservés dans le fonds du producteur français Pierre Braunberger et dont certains sont reproduits ici, d’esquisser une chronologie des événements qui ont jalonné la genèse du film et ont abouti à l’échec de sa commercialisation.
Le Docteur Toulouse ou le Cinéma vu par un psycho-physiologiste (1912-1928)
Authors: Morel Jean-Paul
Published: February 2013

Cet ensemble de textes, réédités pour la première fois pour la plupart, met en lumière l’intérêt que le cinéma a suscité chez les scientifiques qui cherchaient à évaluer les changements que la perception de l’image intermittente pouvait occasionner sur la physiologie et la psychologie des spectateurs en y appliquant leurs procédures de mesure et de contrôle. Les questions que pose et se pose le Dr Toulouse, fondateur du Laboratoire de psychologie expérimentale à l’École des Hautes Études, puis d’une « Ligue d’hygiène et de prophylaxie mentales » et d’une association d’études sexologiques, prennent, en un sens, la suite des recherches de Jules-Etienne Marey. Elles relaient tout un riche corpus de textes médicaux et elles annoncent celles que les psychologues et les psychiatres de l’Institut de Filmologie poseront immédiatement après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Elle atteste en outre de la connaissance qu’avait alors un scientifique des travaux de Hugo Münstenberg, pionnier de la psychologie « industrielle » et de l’approche psychologique du film.