bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Total Protein and Casein Contents of Fruit Yogurts by Electrophoretic Method
Authors: Demir Pelin , Baykalir Yasin
Published: February 2025

Fruit yogurt is consumed fondly as a healthy snack. The combination of both fruit and yogurt brings together the benefits of both ingredients. Proteins are essential for a healthy life. There is limited data on the protein content of fruit yogurts. This study described the total protein and casein fraction in different fruit yogurts, mostly produced and consumed: strawberry, forest fruit, fig-walnut, mango, blueberry, peach, raspberry, and pineapple. We also provided detailed information about fruit yogurts. We employed a nanodrop spectrophotometer to determine total protein content and SDS-PAGE, a widely recognized and effective protein identification method, though it has not yet been applied to fruit yogurt. Statistical evaluation was performed with an analysis of variance. The highest total protein amount was observed in pineapple (3.51 mg/mL) and fig-walnut yogurts (3.25 mg/mL), and the lowest in forest fruit (1.21 mg/mL) and strawberry yogurts (1.27 mg/mL). The highest casein density was determined in pineapple (41.05%) and fig-walnut yogurts (36.56%) and the lowest in mango (12.94%) yogurts. The remaining fruit yogurts had OD (Optical Density) values of 27.61% for strawberry, 22.40% for peach, 19.85% for raspberry, and 19.04% for blueberry, respectively. In addition, the casein of the fruit yogurts was determined around 25 kDa. The statistical differences were significant between fruit yogurts (P<0.001). As a result, yogurt producers must carefully consider their choice of starter culture to optimize both sensory attributes and health benefits, ensuring that consumers receive a product that aligns with their expectations for quality and nourishment.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF DENGUE VIRUS SERUM AND LEVEL OF CONSENSUS RESULTS AGREEMENT ON DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN PEOPLE WITH FEVER OF QUANG NINH PROVINCE IN 2024
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuong , Vu Quyet Thang , Nguye Thi Hiên , Nguyen Thi Anh Hong , Le Nguyen Minh Hoa , Luu Quoc Toan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Characteristics of the Dengue virus serotypes by Realtime PCR method in Dengue hemorrhagic fever patients and comparing the similarity between the results of the Dengue virus serotype testing using the Realtime PCR method with the NS1 rapid test technique on Dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in Quang Ninh Province from 2022 - 2023.Subjects and methods: A retrospective study of the statistical reports on 300 patients suspected of havingDengue fever were collected at the Center for Disease Control in Quang Ninh Province from 2022 - 2023,cross-sectional study.Results: Patients infected with DENV1; 2; 4 accounted for 59.1%, 39.1%, 1.7%, respectively. The distribution of DENV1 type by region, DENV1 in the central region (Ha Long, Cam Pha) (46%) and western region (Uong Bi, Dong Trieu, Quang Yen) (41%) predominates over the eastern region and island districts; DENV2 type is higher in the western region (39.1%) than the central region (33.7%). The distribution of DENV types by subjects (≤ 15 years old, > 15 years old, man and women) and by time, clinical grade, and occupational group did not differ. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 93.19% and 96.92% with 95% CI. Positive predictive value (PPV) is: 99.09%, negative predictive value (NPV) is: 79.74% with 95% CI. The positive rate of rapid test was found to be higher at cut-off period value ≤ 25. The similarity calculated by Cohen's Kappa coefficient was 83.6%.Conclusions: Three types of DENV were detected, of which DENV1 had the highest rate (59.1%) followed by DENV 2 (39.1%), DENV 4 accounted for a very low rate (1.7%). The NS1 rapid antigen test can be used as a very good screening test to identify Dengue virus infection status
COMPARING THE TREATMENT RESULTS OF SEPSIS IN THE COMMUNITY CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES
Authors: Nguyen Hong Long , Pham Ngoc Thach , Tran Van Giang
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the treatment results of sepsis in the community caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases.Subjects and method: Cross-sectional study was applied in this study and it was conducted on a total of 177 patients having treatment at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases during period from July, 2021 to June, 2024.Results and conclusions: The study results show 106 (59.89%) patients infected by E. coli bacteremia and 71 (40.11%) patients infected by S. aureus bacteremia. The mean age of the study group was 58.41 ± 17.09 years old (from 19 to 93 years old). The mean age of the group of patients with bacteremia caused by E. coli and S. aureus was 62.04 ± 15.82 years old, 53.0 ± 17.60 years old, respectively. The proportion of sepsis caused by S. aureus was 18.8% higher than that caused by E. coli in male patients, specifically accounted for S. aureus (66.2%) and E. coli accounted for 43.4%. S. aureus bacteremia is often caused by skin - soft tissue, musculoskeletal infections. E. coli bacteremia are often caused by digestive and urinarytract infections. The mortality rate due to S. aureus bacteremia is 36.6%, nearly 3 times higher than themortality rate due to E. coli bacteremia. The treatment time of the S. aureus bacteremia group is longer thanthat of the E. coli bacteremia group.
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE SITUATION OF KLEBSIELLA SPP. ISOLATED AT NINH THUAN PROVINCIAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Nghi , Le Huy Thach , Le Thi Hoa , Truong Van Hoi , Nguyen Huynh Nhu Y , Nguyen Quang Trung , Nguyen Thai Dang Khoa , Le Quoc Thang
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Surveylance of the rate of Klebsiella spp. Pathogens were isolated from clinical specimens and assessed antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. through antibiogram.Subjects and methods: All Klebsiella spp. isolated from clinical specimens of patients treated at Ninh Thuan Provincial General Hospital from October 1/2022 to  September 30, 2023: Sputum, pus, blood, bronchial fluid, pharyngeal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine Research of Horizontal cut representation.Results and conclusions: During the study period, the number of specimens containing Klebsiella spp. at Ninh Thuan Provincial General Hospital was 98 samples. The proportion of Klebsiella spp. Isolates according to gender: Male was 63.3%, more dominant than Female was 36.7%. The proportion of Klebsiella spp. Isolates by age group predominate in the 50 - 70 age group with a rate of 43.9%. Klebsiella spp. Mainly distributed on pus specimens accounted for 32.7%, sputum accounting for 27.6%, blood accounted for 25.5%. Klebsiella spp. has an ESBL birth rate of 8.2%. Klebsiella spp. has resistance to most antibiotics.Especially, ampicillin (100%), bactrim (93.8%), tetracycline (84.7%), cefuroxime (73.5%).
LEVEL OF AGREEMENT OF THE HBsAg TEST IS EQUAL RAPID AND AUTOMATIC IMMUNOLOGY TEST METHOD IN SCREENING FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich , Nguyen Thu Huong
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of consensus of HBsAg screening test using rapid test and automated immune testing methods in hepatitis B screening at Lao Cai Provincial General Hospital from May, 2024 to - June, 2024.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study.Results and conclusions: The study included 980 patients screened for HBsAg using rapid test and automatic immune testing from May, 2024 to June, 2024. The similarity between the two rapid and immunological test methods has Kappa = 0.92, almost complete agreement. The sensitivity of the rapid test is 98.9%, the specificity of the rapid test is 98.5% when considering the immunological method as the gold standard, the rate of HBsAg(+) screening results is > 70 COI screened by the method. Autoimmunity is 10.1%. The age group with the highest incidence is from (30 - 50 years old) accounting for 13%. The proportion of men is 11%, women is 8.5%, Patients residing in rural areas account for a higher rate of 12.2%, and 7.3% in urban areas with P < 0.05. The Tay ethnic group accounts for the highest proportion at 14.5%. There are 2.4% of HBsAg screening cases with indeterminate results (1 - 70 COI). The rate of HBsAg(+) carrier is 10.1%. The similarity between the two rapid and immunological test methods has Kappa = 0.92, almost complete agreement. The sensitivity of the rapid test is 98.9%, the specificity of the rapid test is 98.5%.
REALITY DATA ON THE USE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CEFTAZIDIME - AVIBACTAM
Authors: Nguyen Van Dao , Duong Thanh Hai
Published: February 2025

Ceftazidime - avibactam (CAZ-AVI), a novel cephalosporin, has proven activity against multidrugresistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, and it has only been used in Vietnam in recent years.Objectives: This study aimed to describe the usage pattern and treatment effectiveness of CAZ-AVI.
Subjects and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Vinmec Times City International Hospital. Adult patients treated with CAZ-AVI for more than 48 hours from September 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled. Data on clinical characteristics, microbiology, and antibiotic regimens were collected, and outcomes such as microbiological and clinical effectiveness were analyzed.Results: A total of 61 patients were included, with an average age of 64.9 years, and 78.7% were male. All patients had at least one risk factor for multidrug-esistant Gram-negative bacteria. The most common infections were pneumonia (54%), urinary tract infections (20%), and abdominal infections (15%). Septic shock occurred in 16% of patients. Out of 61 patients, 39 (63.9%) had positive culture, yielding a total of 51 isolates, primarily Klebsiella pneumoniae (45.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.5%). Carbapenem and CAZ-AVI resistance rates among Gram-negative bacteria were 86.7% and 48.8%, respectively. Among the 36 carbapenem-resistant strains tested for sensitivity to CAZ-AVI, the resistance rate was 58.3%. CAZ-AVI was used empirically in 37.7% of cases, and combination therapy was employed in 65.6% of patients to treat multi drug resistant isolates. The most commonly used antibiotics in combination therapy were aminoglycosides, tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, and  colistin. The average duration of treatment was 10.7 ± 5.2 days.Overall, microbiological cure was achieved in 38.5% of cases, while 43.6% experienced microbiological failure. Clinical improvement was observed in 77% of patients, and the 30-day mortality rate was 16.4%. There were no significant differences in microbiological or clinical outcomes between patients with ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant and -sensitive isolates.Conclusions: This study provides important real-world evidence on the use and effectiveness of CAZAVI in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Despite high resistance rates, the drug showed promising clinical improvement, though microbiological failure remains a concern.
PREVALENCE OF ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS INDICATED FOR PATHOGENIC FUNGAL TESTING AT THE NATIONAL LUNG HOSPITAL IN 2023
Authors: Dao Thi Ngoc Lan , Nguyen Van Hung , Duong Hong Quan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) infection in patients indicated for pathogenic fungal testing at the National Lung Hospital in 2023.Subjects and methods: Patients are assigned to undergo fungal testing at the National Lung Hospital in 2023. Cross-sectional descriptive study.Results and conclusions: Of the 26,301 patients who were indicated for fungal testing, 817 (3.11%) of patients had positive fungal culture and identification results for A. fumigatus. Of which, 787 (96.33%) patients were only infected with A. fumigatus and 30 (3.67%) cases were co-infected with A. fumigatus with another fungal species. The proportion of men dominated 83.48%, women accounted for 16.52%. The median age of the patients was 65.19 ± 12.92. In which, the age group from 61 - 80 accounts for the largest proportion with 63.28%. The isolation rate of A. fumigatus in sputum specimens was mainly (71.4%), followed by bronchial fluid (25.4%), and other specimens accounted for a small proportion (< 1%). The isolation rate of A. fumigatus fungi in the departments of the National Lung Hospital was mainly found in the Respiratory Department (24.3%), ranked second in the Emergency Department (17.3%).
ASSESSMENT THE CURRENT STATUS OF IN-PATIENTS PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT NEEDS AT INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES
Authors: Pham Thi Nguyet Quyen , Tran Thi Hai Ninh , Luong Thi Huyen Trang , Nguyen Thi Bich Hue , Le Thi Dung
Published: February 2025

The burden of disease includes physical symptoms and psychological stress. Patients who receive psychological support often have better treatment outcomes. Therefore, medical facilities must proactively assess the psychosocial needs of patients to develop comprehensive intervention programs.Objectives: To assess the current status of psychosocial support needs of inpatients at the Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases for 3 months (August-October 2024).Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, selecting all patients who met the criteria with a convenient sampling method.Results: 309 patients who met the criteria were recruited, with an average age of 58,7 ± 18,1; 54,4% were male; 86,7% had health insurance. The proportion of patients with depression and anxiety was 23,3% and 12%, respectively. Only a small proportion of patients (3%) wanted to receive psychosocial support, with a higher proportion of women than men.Conclusions: Although the proportion of patients with depression and anxiety was quite high, only a small proportion wanted to receive psychosocial support, indicating the need to increase patients' awarenessof the need for psychosocial support.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM THE PATIENTS WITH VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF TROPICAL DISEASES IN 2023
Authors: Nguyen Cam Thu , Nguyen Phuong Thoa , Luu Quoc Toan , Do Thi Tuyet Chinh , Dinh Van Trang , Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of some bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases (NHTD) in 2023.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted on 176 medical records of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia at NHTD who had bacterial culture results from January 2023 to December 2023.Results: The incidence of VAP in male patients was 56.8%, while in female patients it was 43.2%. The average age was 59.6 years. The average time to identify VAP was 7.6 days, and over 80% of patients had underlying medical conditions. The most common causative agent of VAP was Acinetobacter baumannii (40.3%), while the least common was Acinetobacter pittii (0.3%).Conclusions: The incidence of VAP in male patients (56.8%) was higher than in female patients (43.2%). The average age of the study subjects was 59.6 years, with an average VAP identification time of 7.6 days, and over 80% of the patients had underlying medical conditions. The most common pathogens causing VAP included Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 40.3%, 18.4%, and 16.5%, respectively.
CASE REPORT OF TALAROMYCES MARNEFFEI FUNGEMIA IN AN HIV-NEGATIVE PEDIATRIC PATIENT TREATED AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES
Authors: Nguyen Manh Truong , Vu Thi Phuong , Bui Van Nam , Dang Thi Thuy
Published: February 2025

Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus frequently encountered in immunocompromised individuals. Particularly, in those with HIV/AIDS or other predisposing factors. Talaromyces marneffei commonly induces invasive and disseminated infections, including fungemia. In this report, we present a case of a 44-month-old male child admitted with a protracted febrile illness. The patient had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis under stable management, presenting with sustained fever, persistent cough, cachexia, anemia, bilateral fine crackles and wheezing upon auscultation, hepatosplenomegaly, and no signs of respiratory distress. Immunological assays assessing both humoral and cellular immunity wereunremarkable, and the patient tested negative for HIV. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateralstrip-like and nodular pulmonary infiltrates, along with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Blood culturesconfirmed the presence of Talaromyces marneffei. The patient exhibited a favorable clinical and laboratoryresponse to Amphotericin B treatment and was  subsequently maintained on Itraconazole therapy postdischarge.
Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences of the Thai version of Athletic Coping Skill Inventory
Authors: Julvanichpong Tanida , Vongjaturapat Naruepon , Park Junggil , Singnoy Chatkamon
Published: February 2025

Background: The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) has been proposed as a valid and reliable instrument (Smith et al., 1995) to assess psychological skills in a number of athletic populations. Its extensive application history covers a wide variety of competitive, mainly team-based sports, but there has been no published verification of the ACSI-28's psychometric properties when applied to Thai national athletics team. Purpose: The current study examined (1) the factorial validity of a Thai version of ACSI-28; (2) the measurement (configural, metric, scalar, and variance) invariance of a shortened version of ACSI-23 across gender, age, types, and classification of sports; (3) the latent factor mean difference between gender, age, and sport groups. Method: A total of 408 athletes (217 males, 191 females) in Thai national athletics team participated in Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games were surveyed using the Thai version of The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). The mean athlete age was 22.52(SD = 5.93) years, with a range of 14 to 55. Data were conducted using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFAs. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) test supported the multidimensionality of the shortened version of in the ACSI-23. The ACSI-23 is invariant across gender, age, type and classification of sports at both configural, full metric, full scalar, and full variance levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that males reported higher coping with adversity/concentration (CONC), confidence and achievement motivation (CONF), goal setting and mental preparation (GOAL), and freedom from worry(FREE). Athletes 21 years of age or over had a higher score than athletes 20 years under on confidence and achievement motivation (CONF) and goal setting and mental preparation (GOAL). Individual sports athletes had more coping with adversity/ concentration (CONC) than team sports athletes. Outdoor sortsathletes had significantly lower confidence and achievement motivation (CONF), goal setting and mental preparation (GOAL), and freedom from worry (FREE) than indoor sports athletes. Conclusion: Findings suggest the Thai version of ACSI-23 is a valid scale for measuring Thai athletes’ coping skills.
ԱՌՈՂՋԱՊԱՀՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈԼՈՐՏԻ ՖԻՆԱՆՍԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ
ԷՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ՀԱՄԸՆԴՀԱՆՈՒՐ ԱՌՈՂՋԱՊԱՀԱԿԱՆ
ԾԱԾԿՈՒՅԹԻ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ / THE ESSENCE OF HEALTHCARE FINANCING AND UNIVERSAL
HEALTH COVERAGE POLICY
Authors: Hajyan Karine
Published: February 2025

The healthcare financing is one of the four functions of the health system (management, resource generation, financing, and health service delivery) and is linked to each of the other key functions in a number of ways. Thus, funding is critical to operational aspects of governance such as setting strategic directions and securing sufficient funds to support the implementation of universal health coverage (UHC) policies. Universal health coverage is a global priority, ensuring equal access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship.
The funding function offers monetary incentives to providers to prioritize the delivery of certain types of services and encourages providers to deliver those health services at the highest quality and/or most efficiently. The financing function is also responsible for ensuring adequate insurance coverage of the population, as the right to access services is based on whether an individual has made a financial contribution or an indirect contribution has been made on behalf of that individual to the health system. Without a strong financing function, health workers may “migrate” to higher-paying health systems, because there will not be sufficient resources to maintain health facilities or to pay for medicines. In other words, funding is key to the success of all health system functions.
Keywords: universal health coverage (UHC), revenue raising, pooling resources, purchasing goods and services, governance of health financing, coverage policies, public financial management.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Website Encryption
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Alshahrani Nabil , ALghamdi Faisal
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of digital services and the increasing reliance on internet-based transactions have highlighted the crucial need for robust cybersecurity measures. Encryption is a fundamental technique used to secure sensitive data, preventing unauthorized access and data manipulation. However, traditional encryption methods face limitations in adapting to evolving cyber threats. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in enhancing encryption techniques, leveraging deep learning, neural networks, and predictive analytics to provide dynamic and adaptive encryption solutions. This paper explores the role of AI in website encryption, focusing on its contributions to smart encryption, real-time threat detection, and the enhancement of encryption protocols such as TLS and SSL. Additionally, the study examines the challenges associated with AI-driven encryption, including high computational resource requirements, the risks of AI-powered attacks, and implementation complexities. As AI continues to evolve, its integration into encryption methodologies is expected to play a pivotal role in strengthening cybersecurity frameworks and mitigating emerging cyber threats.
Entrepreneurial Leadership as an Approach to Achieving Institutional Excellence in Saudi Universities: An Analytical Study
Authors: Alghanemi Nora , Mohdar Wafaa
Published: February 2025

The research aims to study the role of entrepreneurial leadership in achieving institutional excellence in Saudi universities, considering the rapid challenges and changes in the higher education sector. It also seeks to analyze the suitability of entrepreneurial leadership for Saudi universities and its impact on institutional performance, focusing on its key elements such as creativity, initiative, and calculated risk-taking. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, analyzing previous literature on entrepreneurial leadership, examining global university experiences, and exploring entrepreneurial leadership practices in some Saudi universities. Additionally, it analyzed institutional excellence standards, including effective leadership, strategic planning, and strengthening community partnerships. The findings indicate that the implementation of entrepreneurial leadership in Saudi universities is still in its early stages. However, efforts are being made to enhance it through various initiatives and development programs. The study also identified key challenges hindering the adoption of entrepreneurial leadership, including insufficient funding, institutional resistance to change, a lack of trained leadership competencies, and unclear policies supporting entrepreneurship. The recommendations emphasize establishing specialized units within universities to support entrepreneurial leadership, developing training programs for academic leaders to enable them to adopt entrepreneurial strategies, enhancing creativity, initiative, and calculated risk-taking by establishing specialized centers within universities to support entrepreneurial ideas and finance academic and research projects focused on innovation and development, and integrating technology and artificial intelligence into entrepreneurial leadership practices to enhance institutional performance efficiency and achieve global leadership.
The role of digitization in improving teaching methods and achieving sustainable development: Analytical study
Authors: Muhdar Wafaa , Qubus Abeer
Published: February 2025

The education sector is undergoing significant transformations due to digitalization, where technology has become a fundamental component in enhancing the quality of the learning process. This study aims to analyze the role of digitalization in developing teaching methodologies, focusing on its benefits, implementation challenges, and improvement strategies. The study also reviews successful international experiences in digital education, such as Singapore and Finland, while proposing solutions to enhance its adoption in Saudi educational institutions. The research relies on analyzing previous studies, highlighting the importance of digital transformation in achieving sustainable development goals.
The Impact of Strategic Human Resources Planning on Localizing Jobs in Saudi Arabia: Analytical inductive study
Authors: Hassan Abdulaziz
Published: February 2025

The research "The Impact of Strategic Human Resources Planning on Localizing Jobs in Saudi Arabia" consists of an analytical study; it consists of three main chapters, each chapter was divided into three topics, and each topic contained a number of sub-headings.
In the first chapter, the researcher talked about strategic planning for human resources; the first topic talked about the general concepts of strategic planning and covered several titles, including the concept of planning and the concept of strategy, then the definition of strategy and the definition of strategic management, then the definition of strategic planning, then concluded by presenting the difference between strategic management and strategic planning. As for the second topic, strategic planning for human resources, the researcher began talking about the historical development of human resources management, then discussed the concept of human resources management and then the definitions of human resources management, as well as the definitions of strategic management for human resources with their differences. It was necessary when talking about strategy to define human resources planning, its objectives and importance, then clarify the relationship between human resources planning and strategic planning, and finally the most important requirements for managers of strategic human resources management were presented. As for the third topic, it dealt with the basic requirements for implementing strategic management for human resources.
The second chapter discusses job localization as a process of qualitative and quantitative replacement of foreign labor by national labor. In the first section, he discusses the concept of job localization and its objectives. In the second section, he discusses the different methods and approaches of job localization. In the third section, he discusses a group of challenges and obstacles facing the process of job localization, social, political, economical, and other obstacles.
Chapter Three: Job Saudization as a local concept for job localization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The first section discussed the concept and definition of job Saudization. Then, in the second section, the researcher presented a realistic picture of job Saudization between reality and hope, which led to the reality embodied in the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2023. Finally, like other plans, Saudization is not without some problems and obstacles. This was mentioned in the third section entitled Obstacles and problems in implementing job Saudization.
In the conclusion of the research, the researcher discussed a number of results that he reached through inductive analysis, text analysis, comparisons and analyses that he conducted to arrive at some recommendations that the researcher sees as important for the authorities responsible for the matter of localizing jobs and the authorities implementing them. Finally, the researcher monitored the sources and references that he used in his research.
РАҚАМЛИ ИҚТИСОДИЁТ ШАРОИТИДА ДАВЛАТ БЮДЖЕТИ ҒАЗНА ИЖРОСИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ
Authors: Атажанов Муродбек
Published: February 2025

Давлат бошқарувини рақамлаштириш иқтисодиётни жадал ривожлантириш ва давлат органлари, фуқаролар ва тадбиркорлик субъектлари ўртасидаги ўзаро ҳамкорликни яхшилашнинг муҳим воситасига айланмоқда. Рақамли технологияларнинг ўсиши шароитида рақамлаштириш давлат хизматларини кўрсатиш жараёнларини оптималлаштириш, бизнесга маъмурий харажатларни камайтириш ва давлат молиявий назорати самарадорлигини ошириш имконини беради.
ИҚТИСОДИЁТНИ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯЛАШ ШАРОИТИДА НОДАВЛАТ ОЛИЙ ТАЬЛИМ МУАССАСАЛАРИДА ИННОВАЦИЯЛАРНИНГ НАЗАРИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
Authors: Куватов Фахриддин
Published: February 2025

Ушбу мақолада миллий иқтисодиётни модернизациялаш шароитида республикамиз иқтисодиётига инновацияларни, хусусан, чет эл инновацияларини кенгроқ жалб этиш мамлакатимизда амалга оширилаётган иқтисодий ислоҳотларнинг самарали ижросини таъминлашга муҳим ҳисса қўшади. Бу эса, миллий иқтисодиётда амалга оширилаётган инновация лойиҳалари самарадорлигини баҳолашга бўлган эътиборни янада кучайтириши билан долзарб аҳамият касб этилиши ёритилган.
ҲИСОБ СИЁСАТИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШДА ХОРИЖИЙ ТАЖРИБА
Authors: Курбанбаев Журабек
Published: February 2025

Мақолада ҳисоб сиёсатини зарурияти ва аҳамияти, уни шакллантиришга қўйилган талаблар ва унга таъсир этувчи омиллар ҳамда молиявий ҳисоботнинг халқаро стандартлари асосида ҳисоб сиёсатини шакллантиришнинг методологик асослари кенг ёритиб берилган. Шунингдек, ҳисоб сиёсатини танлаш, ҳисоб баҳосидаги ўзгаришлар ва ҳисоб сиёсатини қўллаш ҳамда шакллантиришда АҚШ, Европа ва Осиё давлатларида қўлланилаётган услубиятлар, улардаги меъёрий - ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлар тадқиқ этилган. Хорижий тажрибалардан амалиётимизда қўллаш мумкин бўлган жиҳатлари юзасидан фикр-мулоҳазалар ва илмий тавсиялар берилган.
МАХСУС ИҚТИСОДИЙ ЗОНАЛАРДА ФАОЛИЯТ КЎРСАТАЁТГАН ХОРИЖИЙ ИНВЕСТИЦИЯЛАР ИШТИРОКИДАГИ КОРХОНАЛАРНИ СОЛИҚҚА ТОРТИШ МЕХАНИЗМИ
Authors: Ниёзов Абдунаби
Published: February 2025

Мақолада махсус иқтисодий зоналарда фаолият кўрсатаётган хорижий инвестициялар иштирокидаги корхоналарни солиққа тортишнинг механизми ёритилган. Шунингдек, хорижий инвестициялар иштирокидаги корхоналар ва қўшма корхоналар фаолиятини солиққа тортишда бир қанча хорижий мамлакатлар тажрибаси таҳлил қилинган.
МАСОФОВИЙ АУДИТНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШДА МОЛИЯВИЙ МОНИТОРИНГДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
Authors: Яриев Шерзод
Published: February 2025

Мақолада масофавий аудитни ташкил этишда молиявий мониторингдан фойдаланиш масалалари ёритилган. Аудитда молиявий мониторингдан фойдаланиш бўйича илмий ишлар ва меъёрий ҳужжатлар таҳлил этилиб, хулоса ва таклифлар берилган.
ISLOM KAPITAL BOZORI EKOTIZIMIDA TARTIBGA SOLISH INSTITUTLARINING O‘RNI
Authors: Abrorov Sirojiddin
Published: February 2025

Maqola islom kapital bozori ekotizimida tartibga solish institutlarining o‘rni va ular bozorning barqaror rivojlanishiga qo‘shayotgan hissasini tahlil qiladi. Islom kapital bozori global moliyaviy tizimning muhim tarkibiy qismi bo‘lib, sukuk, islomiy aksiyalar va boshqa moliyaviy instrumentlarni taklif qilish orqali iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlaydi. Maqolada shariat kuzatuv kengashlari, AAOIFI va IFSB kabi xalqaro standartlashtirish tashkilotlari va boshqa tartibga soluvchi institutlarning ahamiyati yoritilgan.
СМАРТ КОНТРАКТ КАК ИНСРУМЕНТ РАЗВИТИЕ ВНЕШНЕТОРГОВЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Authors: Кучаров Аброржон , Бобожонов Азизжон , Абдурахманов Абдумалик
Published: February 2025

В условиях глобализации мировой торговли либерализация внешнеэкономической деятельности играет ключевую роль в достижении устойчивого экономического роста и интеграции национальной экономики в глобальную экономическую систему. Использование смарт-контрактов и других цифровых технологий позволяет оптимизировать процессы внешнеэкономической деятельности, сокращая административные барьеры и снижая риски. Данная работа исследует преимущества и вызовы внедрения смарт-контрактов и электронных инвойсов в сфере внешней торговли, акцентируя внимание на их роли в повышении прозрачности, снижении затрат и усилении доверия между сторонами сделки.
Impact of obesity, genetic predisposition and comorbidities on pregnancy-related hypertension
Authors: Partiwi Nur , Hafid Rachmi Nurul Hidayat
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of obesity, genetic predisposition, and comorbidities on pregnancy-related hypertension. Given the rising prevalence of maternal obesity and associated metabolic disorders, understanding how these factors contribute to hypertensive complications during pregnancy is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies. The study also examines the role of genetic susceptibility and pre-existing medical conditions in exacerbating hypertensive risks, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach in maternal healthcare.
Research Design and Methodology: This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) to synthesize findings from existing research on the relationship between obesity, genetic factors, and comorbidities with pregnancy-related hypertension. Relevant peer-reviewed articles from Elsevier, Emerald, Wiley, and Springer published after 2018 were analyzed to identify key trends, mechanisms, and clinical implications. The review integrates evidence from obstetrics, endocrinology, genetics, and public health to understand the topic comprehensively.
Findings and Discussion: The study reveals that obesity significantly contributes to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and RAAS activation. Genetic predisposition, particularly polymorphisms in RAAS-related genes (AGT, ACE, AGTR1) and endothelial function genes (eNOS, VEGF), is strongly associated with increased hypertension risk. Additionally, pre-existing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders further aggravate hypertensive complications.
Implications: The findings emphasize the necessity for early screening programs, personalized treatment approaches, and interdisciplinary prenatal care. Healthcare policymakers should develop standardized guidelines for managing hypertensive pregnancies complicated by obesity and comorbidities. The study highlights the importance of lifestyle interventions, genetic screening, and pharmacological advancements in reducing pregnancy-related hypertension risks and improving maternal-fetal health outcomes.
تحليل الأخطاء الإملائية والخطية في الكتابة العربية لطلبة المدرسة الثانوية باب السلام تامبار جوكوراطا جومبانج
Authors: Akbar Dhoyfun
Published: February 2025

The difference between Arabic and pattern writing have a big effect in the students at Babussalam Tambar Jombang, and speciallyin Arabic writing. The goal of writing studies in this high school is to make the student able to write correctly, and without mistakes. But, the students do not have enough capacities and potential to realize this goal which create an obstacle and problem for them. The researcher uses in this thesis, the descriptive analyses qualitative method. It is renamed by "descriptive" because the researcher will describe the errors that was taken from Arabic writing during teaching and learning activities in the Islamic high school. It is renamed "analysis" because the errors analysis activities include the description, step by method and correction. This research has a lot of results, among them: the Arabic errors writing is related to attachment and detachment alphabet, the change of the alphabet, elimination or addition of the alphabet. The Arabic writing errors make concerned. The elimination of alphabet are more than the other errors, such as word alphabet /أ/, /ي/, then / و/, and it comes after the other errors related to change of the alphabet, such as (ن, ت, ث, ج, ز, ش, ض, غ, ك). And addition of different alphabet, for example are (أ, ب, ك, و, (ي. The other errors concern attachment and detachment alphabets are (ب ش ل). This thesis has a principal goal, which is realization and application step by step method in writing teaching, in order to solve the problem mentioned above, and amelioration of Arabic calligraphy writing in a short period.
Formación del sujeto histórico en prevención integral para la transformación de las instituciones educativas
Authors: Reverol Hernández Greily Antonieta , Ramos Nieves Julio Joan , Martínez Reverol Greily Stefany
Published: February 2025

Las instituciones educativas se enfrentan hoy en día a un sinfín de desafíos, como la violencia, la discriminación, la pobreza y el cambio climático. El objetivo del artículo es diseñar un modelo para la formación del sujeto histórico en prevención integral para la transformación de las instituciones educativas del Municipio Cabimas. El enfoque es cuantitativo, del tipo proyectiva, diseño no experimental. La población seleccionada la conforman 8 instituciones educativas. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la convocatoria, observación, y la revisión documental. El procedimiento para el análisis de los datos fue la categorización. Los resultados del diagnóstico participativo permitieron a las comunidades educativas conocer información confiable de los factores de riesgos y factores de protección presentes, permitiendo la comprensión de su realidad inmediata y orientar acciones en función de la misma..Se concluye que la implementación del modelo de formación para el sujeto histórico en prevención integral presenta un alto potencial para la transformación de las instituciones educativas del Municipio Cabimas.
A porous activated carbon derived from banana peel by hydrothermal activation two-step methods
Authors: Hendronursito Yusup , Astuti Widi , Sabarman Harsojo , Santoso Iman
Published: February 2025

Activated carbon from banana peel waste through two stages of hydrothermal (HT) and physical activation processes has been carried out. The hydrothermal process was carried out at a temperature of 200 oC with a holding time of 2 or 6 hours. The hydrochar that had been obtained was then activated in the second stage with nitrogen gas flow (N2) at a temperature of 700 oC for 1 hour with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. The difference in treatment, without the HT process, two stages of activation, variations in activator agents (water, H3PO4, and PEG6000), water volume ratio and HT process holding time were studied for their effects on the specific surface area (SSA) and structure of activated carbon. SSA was measured using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption method, x-ray crystallography was used to identify the crystalline phase and carbon structure parameters, and the surface morphology of activated carbon was observed using FESEM. The results showed that the activation method and process conditions greatly influenced the (SSA) of activated carbon. HT activation using a combination of activator agents produced an SSA reaching 476.9 m2/g. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that HT activation increased the degree of crystallization of activated carbon. The spherical surface structure of activated carbon was formed when H3PO4 was added, while the layered structure was formed when PEG6000 was used. Overall, the two-step activation preceded by the HT process with the addition of H3PO4 produced activated carbon with better SSA and carbon structure and has the potential to be used in wide applications such as EDLC supercapacitor electrode materials, battery cathodes, and adsorption materials.
Synthesis of rubber seed shell-derived porous activated carbons for promising supercapacitor application
Authors: Rustamaji Heri , Prakoso Tirto , Devianto Hary , Widiatmoko Pramujo , Febriyanto Pramahadi , Ginting Simparmin Br , Darmansyah Darmansyah
Published: February 2025

This work investigates synthesizing activated carbon obtained from rubber seed shells utilizing several activating agents (KOH, CaCl2, and ZnCl2) for supercapacitor applications. Activated carbon was produced from a rubber seed shell using hydrothermal carbonization at 275 °C for 60 minutes and a 120-minute activation treatment at 800 °C. Various activating agents pronounced impacted the pore architecture, surface area, crystallinity, and level of graphitization, which collectively determined the electrochemical characteristics of the resulting materials. Incorporating activation agents enhances the specific surface area and influences the extent of graphitization of activated carbon. The specific surface area of activated carbon products ranges from 367 to 735.2 m² g⁻¹. Further investigation through electrochemical analysis, conducted with a carefully engineered two-electrode system, demonstrated a peak electrode capacitance value of 246 F g-1 at 50 mA g-1 for an ACZn-based supercapacitor. Supercapacitor cells’ energy and power densities reached significant levels, measuring 5.47 Wh kg-1 and 246 W kg-1, respectively. The RSS-derived activated carbon-based supercapacitor exhibited remarkable longevity in a 5000-cycle test, with consistent capacitance retention and coulombic efficiency of 100.11% and 100%, respectively. This work presents a sustainable pathway for producing activated carbon electrodes, contributing to the global circular economy and demonstrating considerable industrial potential.
FUNÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO DE SAÚDE INFANTIL NO BRASIL RURAL E URBANO 2013-2019: ANÁLISE PELO MODELO DE GROSMAN
Authors: Vieira Cristiéle de Almeida
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é estimar uma função de produção de saúde infantil para o Brasil rural e urbano nos anos 2013 e 2019. O estudo baseou-se no Modelo teórico de Grossman, onde a saúde é inserida como fator determinante na Teoria do Capital Humano.  Os dados tiveram como fonte a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e a estimação ocorreu pelo método probit. Uma função de produção é definida pela relação entre produto e insumos. Neste trabalho, o produto (variável explicada) foi medido pela saúde retratada e os insumos (variáveis explicativas) referiram-se a determinantes socioeconômicos, assistência médica e informação. Os resultados indicaram dois cenários discrepantes para crianças residentes na zona rural e urbana. Atenta-se para a importância do insumo renda na Função de Produção de saúde infantil para as crianças residentes na zona rural brasileira. Já para a zona urbana, ser do sexo feminino, branco/amarelo, residir em domicílio com saneamento adequado, ser não-pobre, ter plano de saúde e acesso a informação infere positivamente na função de produção de saúde infantil.
INTERIORIZAÇÃO DO CRÉDITO PRODUTIVO E EFEITOS SOBRE OS INDICADORES ECONÔMICOS MUNICIPAIS NA BAHIA: O PAPEL DO BNB E DA DESENBAHIA
Authors: Teixeira Diego Nunes , Silva Diana Lúcia Gonzaga da
Published: February 2025

O Sistema Nacional de Fomento é composto por instituições que atuam no financiamento do desenvolvimento econômico e regional. A literatura nacional tem focado na análise dos efeitos da oferta de crédito de instituições privadas ou públicas com atuação nacional ou regional. Por sua vez, o Brasil apresenta grandes heterogeneidades regionais e subnacionais e há forte concentração do crédito nas regiões mais dinâmicas. Portanto, esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos econômicos da expansão do crédito nos municípios da Bahia, ao longo do período de 2010 a 2018, a partir de duas instituições de fomento subnacionais com atuação no estado, o BNB e a Desenbahia. Utilizou-se um modelo de efeitos fixos para estimar os efeitos de interesse, a partir de um banco de dados em painel com indicadores econômicos dos municípios da Bahia. Os resultados mostraram efeitos positivos da atuação conjunta das instituições de fomento sobre o emprego por estabelecimento formal e o número de estabelecimentos médios. Efeitos heterogêneos foram encontrados entre municípios no semiárido e fora da região.
Модель искусственного интеллекта для формирующейся новой парадигмы в медицинском образовании: что может предложить теория установки?
Authors: Геонджян Лев А.
Published: February 2025

The state of psychology as a science capable of contributing to the formation of new concepts in science, engineering and technology of modern medical education is assessed. Based on the assessments and research of leading psychologists, it is shown that this state can be considered extremely unsatisfactory both for the development of psychology itself and for its applied areas, formed rather as a result of accumulated many years of experience in solving specific problems, rather than the application of general laws arising from general psychological theory. From this position, the potential of the theory of attitude by Dmitry Uznadze is considered.
Одиночество и особенности его переживания в период реабилитации у пациентов с диагнозом «шизофрения»
Authors: Чечурина Ксения А. , Обидин Иван Ю.
Published: February 2025

Данная статья посвящена изучению особенностей переживания одиночества убольных шизофренией, проходящих реабилитацию в психоневрологическом диспансере (ПНД), и их связей с такими клинико-психологическими характеристиками как личностная тревожность, социальная тревога, особенности межличностных отношений и самооценка. В исследовании приняли участие 70 респондентовстарше 18 лет: 30 пациентов ПНД (средний возраст 38±13,49), посещающие психиатрический дневной стационар, и 40 условно здоровых респондентов (средний возраст – 38±14,04). Методы исследования: клинико-психологическое интервью, Дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества (Е. Н. Осин, Д. А.Леонтьев), Шкала оценки уровня личностной тревожности Спилбергера-Ханина,Опросник социальной тревоги и социофобии, методика «Субъективная оценкамежличностных отношений», Опросник измерения самооценки (Б. Уайнхолд).Методы обработки данных: контент-анализ, критерий U-Манна-Уитни, корреляционный анализ. Результаты исследования отражают особенности переживанияодиночества больными шизофренией: они чаще задумываются об одиночестве,чем переживают его; чаще ориентируются на внешние факторы, чем на собственные переживания; склонны избегать ситуаций уединения. У них более выраженоактуальное переживание одиночества. Были обнаружены связи с исследуемымиклинико-психологическими характеристиками. Эти связи также присутствуют визучаемой выборке в целом.
Локальный иммунитет при хроническом гастродуодените у детей
Authors: Сичинава Ирина В. , Ивардава Марика И
Published: February 2025

Проведен анализ литературных данных о роли локального иммунного ответа впатогенезе хронического гастродуоденита у детей. В настоящее время наметилась стойкая тенденция к росту гастроэнтерологических заболеваний среди детей. Наибольшая вероятность проявления гастроэнтерологических заболеванийприходится на 3-6 и 9-12 лет. У 40-60% взрослых гастроэнтерологические заболевания берут своё начало в детском возрасте. С этих позиций возникает необходимость дальнейшего изучения причинно-значимых факторов в развитии патологии органов пищеварения у детей, особенностей её течения. В данной статьеобсуждается роль локальной иммунной системы в патогенезе хронических гастродуоденитов. Основу хронического гастрита составляет воспаление, неотъемлемой частью которого является местная иммунная реакция. Сущность её состоитв инфильтрации слизистой оболочки желудка плазмоцитами, лимфоцитами, гистиоцитами с увеличением количества макрофагов, фибробластов, эозинофилов,тучных клеток, МЭЛ. Степень лимфоплазмоцигарной инфильтрации отражает тяжесть воспаления.