bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing real human detection and people counting using YOLOv8
Authors: Abdul Ridha Shyaa Tahreer , Hashim Ahmed A.
Published: April 2024

The ability to accurately recognize and count persons is crucial in many real-world applications, including surveillance, security, and crowd management, making it one of computer vision’s most fundamental tasks. You Only Look Once (YOLO) is one of the most effective deep learning models for object identification and counting in recent years. This research seeks to learn more about the YOLOv8 algorithm for precisely counting people in still photos and moving videos. The YOLO method has been at the forefront of computer vision due to its ability to recognize things in real time. People in a crowd typically overlap and block one other, and perspective effects can result in enormous changes in human size, shape, and appearance in the image, all of which make accurate headcounts challenging.The YOLO methodology and its adaptation for population census are the subject of this research. Results from experiments support the usefulness of the proposed approach. Surveillance, crowd control, traffic monitoring, retail analytics, event management, and urban planning are just some of the potential uses highlighted by the findings of this study. Mean Average Precision (MAP) numbers demonstrate that the identification procedure was successful, and the counting process was accurate to within 100%.
LSB Steganography using Dual Layer for Text Crypto-Stego
Authors: Abd Zaid Mustafa M. , Ali Talib Al-Khazaali Ahmed , Abed Mohammed Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Cryptography and Steganography are two main components of information security. Utilizing encryption and Steganography to establish many layers of protection is a commendable approach. Our main objective of this paper is to build an integrated method of securely transmitting data through a combination of cryptography and Steganography. Cryptography and Steganography are two common methods of secretly transmitting information. RC4 is used in this paper to change information from plaintext to cipher, and then cipher text is integrated into the image by Least Significant Bit (LSB). The results are defined in terms of the processing time, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and mean square error (MSE). The experimental results showed the stego image’s acceptable quality and combining the two techniques provides additional security in the original Steganography.
Recent Progress in Arabic Sign Language Recognition: Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
Authors: Hassan Mosab. A. , Ali Alaa. H. , Sabri Atheer A.
Published: April 2024

The advancement of assistive communication technology for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community is an area of significant research interest. In this study, we present a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model tailored for the recognition of Arabic Sign Language (ArSL). Our model incorporates a meticulous preprocessing pipeline that transforms input images through grayscale conversion, Gaussian blur, histogram equalization, and resizing to standardize input data and enhance feature visibility. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are employed for feature extraction to retain critical discriminative information while reducing dimensionality. The proposed CNN architecture leverages a blend of one-dimensional convolutional layers, max pooling, Leaky ReLU activation functions, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers to efficiently capture both spatial and temporal patterns within the data. Our experiments on two separate datasets—one consisting of images and the other of videos—demonstrate exceptional recognition rates of 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively. These results significantly surpass the performance of existing models referenced in the literature. This paper discusses the methodologies, architectural considerations, and the training approach of the proposed model, alongside a comparative analysis of its performance against previous studies. The research outcomes suggest that our model not only sets a new benchmark in sign language recognition but also offers a promising foundation for the development of real-time, assistive sign language translation tools. The potential applications of such technology could greatly enhance communication accessibility, fostering greater inclusion for individuals who rely on sign language as their primary mode of communication. Future work will aim to expand the model's capabilities to more diverse datasets and investigate its deployment in practical, everyday scenarios to bridge the communication gap for the deaf and hard of hearing community.
Scalability of blockchain: Review of cross-sharding with high communication overhead
Authors: Hammoodi Neamah Al-Mutar Firas , Ali Talib Al-Khazaali Ahmed , Assam Hataf Baqar
Published: April 2024

Sharding method is separates the network into smaller groups to reduce latency and enhance blockchain speed. To reduce storage cost, divide the network into separate segments, and allow nodes to maintain track of a portion of the blockchain's data ledger, it was initially employed in databases. This technology is an excellent choice for enhancing blockchain performance because of its practical requirements and the speed at which blockchain applications are developing. It has garnered a lot of interest. There are a number of unresolved issues regarding the review and analysis of sharding. In this paper, we examine current state-of-the-art sharding schemes by categorizing them according to blockchain type and sharding technique—more specifically, cross-sharding with low communication overhead and systematically and thoroughly analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of each. Sharding lowers communication overhead since the performance of blockchain apps that use it has significantly improved over the method that should be studied for reducing the communication cost of block consensus. We present various open addresses after doing a comprehensive review and analysis of the communication overhead.
Finite Element of Composite Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns Subjected to Eccentric Loads
Authors: Mohammed Zaynab S. , Muhammad Bassman R. , Reshaq Ali S.
Published: April 2024

The relationship between reinforced concrete column tests and finite element behavior is crucial for understanding and optimizing the structural performance of these elements. Concrete columns are integral components in buildings and infrastructure, and testing them under various conditions provides valuable data on their strength, stiffness, and failure mechanisms. Finite element analysis, on the other hand, is a powerful numerical method used to simulate the complex behavior of structures under different loads. By correlating experimental results from concrete column tests with finite element models, engineers can validate and refine their simulations, ensuring that the computational models accurately represent the physical reality. This iterative process of testing and analysis allows for the development of more reliable and efficient design methodologies, leading to improved structural performance and safety in construction projects. The synergy between experimental testing and finite element behavior not only enhances our understanding of structural dynamics but also contributes to the advancement of innovative and resilient construction practices. The results shows a good coincidence between the experimental and theoretical results.
Optimization of 16 wdm channel of 40 gbps optical link
Authors: Zaeer Dhaam Haidar , Jawad Al Dujaili Mohammed , Kareem Abdallah Shaimaa
Published: April 2024

The demand for higher capacities in fifth-generation networks and upcoming generations can be met with technology such as Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). A study has been conducted to enhance the performance of a system comprising of sixteen light waves that carry high data rates of 40 Gbps for each data source associated with one of the wavelengths. The key focus of this study was to optimize the system parameters, including channel spacing, power levels, and dispersion compensation, to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce signal degradation, which would be compatible with high data transfer speeds. The aim of this work is to improve the efficiency and performance of the proposed system. Using the simulation program OptiSystem, the proposed optical communications system based on 16 WDM channels for the 40 Gbps optical link was improved. Several parameters were adjusted to improve the performance of the proposed system. By carefully treating variables that can significantly affect system performance and striving to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, minimize signal degradation, including dispersion compensation strategies, and optimize power levels. This work can determine the ideal configuration for the 16 WDM channels by evaluating and comparing the performance of different optimization strategies to obtain better results compared to previous work. The results show the extent of the impact of the optimization process on improving the system performance, which makes the proposed system suitable for communications systems in the next generations.
A review of weather conditions monitoring system based on iot
Authors: Mahdi Rasoul Ali , Hamed Hadi A. , Latif Haider K.
Published: April 2024

Continually varying climate settings are controlled by weather adjusting schemes. These sensor units gather information that is utilized for climate recording, monitor surrounding setting, and work out varies in a certain spot. In fact, examination of changing climatic and surrounding settings in a certain zone, as well as the investigation of environment, benefit extraordinarily from this information. Likewise, various implementations, including horticulture, geography, mining, and climate expectation model turn of events, could profit from the gathered information and investigation. An Internet of Things (IOT)- based climate measurement framework includes making a live climate surveillance framework that might follow area heat, moisture, barometric pressure, and precipitation stage. In this study various kinds of climate measurement frameworks are checked on,and the contributions of researchers in this field will be reviewed by examining the latest scientific articles and studies in the field of climate controling systems. The technologies used will be identified and their advantages, disadvantages, determinants and problems facing their implementation will be studied to reach a comprehensive vision to know the best technologies that can be applied in a weather measurement system based on the Internet of Things (IOT).
Review on li-ion battery model used in electrical vehicle
Authors: Hussein Mohammed A. , Alsaffa Alaa A.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, battery models have become increasingly crucial, particularly with the surge in electric vehicle usage within the transportation sector. Accurate models are essential for assessing battery performance and devising effective battery management systems. Various modeling approaches exist in literature, each carrying its own set of advantages and drawbacks. Typically, more intricate models offer precise results but demand greater computational resources and entail time-consuming, costly laboratory tests for parameter determination. Hence, for first stage assessments and battery managing system designs, models employing simpler parameter documentation procedures are the most viable and suitable options. The presence of a precise battery model within a simulation platform holds immense significance in crafting efficient battery-powered systems. Absolutely! The lithium-ion battery model is a standout option owing to its potential as an energy storage system, particularly for renewable technology applications. This is largely due to its remarkable power compactness and energy storage capabilities.
Fake reviews detection in e-commerce using machine learning techniques: A comparative survey
Authors: Jalal Abd Maysam , Hasan Hussein Mohsin
Published: April 2024

In the field of online commerce, customer reviews have great importance because they significantly influence the profits of a business. Most consumers on the internet rely on reviews to help them make decisions about what to buy because they provide a reliable way to read other people's opinions about a specific product. Since a company's reputation and profitability are directly impacted by the reliability of its online reviews, some business owners pay spammers to create fake reviews. The creation of fake reviews that influence consumers' purchase decisions is a persistent and detrimental problem. Therefore, developing techniques to help companies and customers to distinguish between genuine and fraudulent reviews are still an important but challenging task. As a result, this paper provides a survey on various machine learning techniques are proposed to deal with the problem of detecting fake reviews, as well as the performance of different techniques in spam review classification, and determine the features, strengths, and weaknesses of those methods that may require more development.
Gabor wavelet and neural network face detection
Authors: Alaabedi Yasir A. F.
Published: April 2024

One of the most difficult tasks in image processing is facial area detection. This study introduces a new face detection method. To improve detection rates, the system incorporates two facial detection algorithms. Gabor wavelets and neural networks are the two algorithms. Convolutional face images undergo initial transformation using Gabor wavelets, with 8 orientations and 5 scales chosen to extract the grey characteristics of the facial region. When added to the original photos, these 40 Gabor wavelets reveal the full extent of the response. We use a second feedforward neural network specifically designed for facial detection. The neural network is trained by backpropagation using the training set of faces and non-faces. Our experiments show that the suggested Gabor wavelet faces, when combined with the neural network feature space classifier, provide very respectable results. Comparing our proposed system to other face detection systems reveals that it performs better in terms of detection and false negative rates.
Radar Privacy Violation in Spectrum Sharing Systems Using Neural Networks
Authors: Noman Obeid Huda , Al-Ibadi Mohanad , Ali Hussein Al Naffakh Hussein
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the problem of interference management and radar privacy risks in shared spectrum scenarios between radar and communications systems. We propose a deep neural network that is designed and trained to reveal the location of the radar. The input of the network is a precoding matrix that a mobile terminal can use to transmit information via an uplink channel to a near-by base-station such that the amount of interference towards the radar is minimized while at the same time preserving the communications data rate above the required threshold. The results of this work suggest the need for a more complex precoder design procedures to protect the location of the radar in shared-spectrum systems. The results for detecting the radar location are compared to the available models, and we show an 92.05% improvement in detection capability in terms of the absolute error between the true radar location angle and the predicted angle, as measured with respect to the location of the mobile terminal in the communications system.
Modeling and Forecasting of Coconut Area, Production, and Productivity Using a Time Series Model
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Biswas Tufleuddin , Ray Soumik , Anjanawe S. R. , Rawat Deepa , Kumari Binita , Yadav Shikha , Mishra Pradeep , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein , Albadran Zainalabideen
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to compare ARIMA and Holt's models for predicting coconut metrics in Kerala. The coconut data series was collected from the period 1957 to 2019. Of this, 80% of the data (from 1957 to 2007) is treated as training data, and the rest (20% from 2008 to 2019) is treated as testing data. Ideal models were selected based on lower AIC and BIC values. Their accuracy was evaluated through error estimation on testing data, revealing Holt's exponential, linear, and ARIMA (0,1,0) models as the bestfit choices for predicting coconut area, production, and productivity respectively. After using the testing data, we tried for the forecasting for 2020-2024 using these models, and the DM test confirmed their significant forecasting accuracy. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into effective prediction models for coconut-related metrics, offering a foundation for informed decision-making and future projections.
Production, Sustainability and Fish Trade Prospect of India by Using Markov Chain Analysis
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Bohra Diksha , Supriya  , Bhooshan Srivastava Aditya , Kumar Prateek , Gautam Sandeep , Suman  , Lal Priyanka , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein
Published: April 2024

The paper attempts to analyze fish production and the direction of trade. Data for the analysis was taken from a period of 10 years (2011- 2021) from the Ministry of Commerce & Industry and FAO. To examine the type and extent of increase in the fish area, production, and productivity throughout the course of the year for several countries, including China, Vietnam, the United States, Norway, and India, descriptive statistics and the sustainability index were utilized. Markov chain analysis employing linear programming was then applied to determine transition probabilities in fish trade. The fish export markets were the USA, China, Japan, Thailand, Taiwan, Kuwait, Hong Kong, and others. The fish export markets were categorized as stable markets (China, USA, Taiwan, Thailand, and Hong Kong) and unstable markets (Japan and Kuwait) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. Though the country has a good potential for export of fish. India must therefore give rising output more consideration, supported by measures that encourage exports. In addition, initiatives must be made to develop a new market and broaden the trade area to include other significant, global markets.
Infrared medical thermography, medical applications, and its basic principles: A review
Authors: Faisal Abdulkareem Ali , Qusai Hashim Auns
Published: April 2024

This narrative review aims to summarize in one paper all the known applications of infrared (IR) in medical thermography, medical applications, and the standardization protocols and basic conditions for thermal imaging in diagnostic medicine until December 2023. This technology primarily harnesses naturally emitted IR radiation from the subject's surface. These IR radiations emitted from the human body surface have been used in different fields of medical imaging to diagnose different kinds of diseases, disorders, and congenital anomalies and aid in medical therapy. Thermal imaging is a noninvasive, non-contact diagnostic technique used to measure the temperature of the human body. Therefore, IR thermal imaging has drawn significant attention and interest in recent years in a broad range of commercial applications due to its unique and superior properties. This commercial development has been supported by fundamental and applied research studies.
Strongly nearly-2-absorbing submodules
Authors: Rajab Shwkaea M. , Mohammadali Haibat K.
Published: April 2024

Let Ɍ be a commutative ring with identity and V be a unitary left Ɍ-module. The concept of Strongly Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules as a generalization of Endo-2-Absorabing sub-modules and strong form of Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules are introduced in this paper. Many examples, basic properties of this concept are introduced. Furthermore we prove that in class of (scalar, cyclic and finitely-generated) modules the two concepts Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules and Strongly Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules are equivalent. Moreover we prove that Endo-2-Absorabing and Strongly Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules are equivalent in class of (semi simple, regular) modules. Also those concepts are equivalent in class of all modules over a v-ring. Finally we prove several characterizations of Strongly Nearly-2-Absorabing sub-modules in some types of modules such as (projective, faithful and content) modules in class of cyclic modules.
Soft Generalized αii-Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Dawod Aveen B. , Askandar Sabih W.
Published: April 2024

This work presented a novel kind of soft generalized closed sets and soft generalized open sets, which we will call soft generalized αii-closed sets and soft generalized αii-open sets in right now paper. The relationships between these two families and several other forms of soft sets, like soft generalized closed, soft generalized ii-closed, soft generalized α-closed, and soft semi-generalized closed sets, are studied and clarified through proofs and evidences such as such as, Theorem8 (If (T,Z) ⊆ (W,Z) ⊆ (X,η,Z) is such that (T,Z) is a sGαICs in (X,η,Z), then (T,Z) is sGαIICs in relation to (W,ηW,Z)), Theorem9 (If (T1,Z),(T2,Z) are sGαIICs, then so is their intersection) and Theorem10 (Each sGαIICs is a sGIICs).
Energy saving using solar air heater collectors
Authors: Uzbekov Mirsoli , Boynazarov Bekzod , Nasretdinova Feruza , Zoxidov Iqboljon , Ashurov Abdulahad , Hamidjonov Zuhriddin
Published: April 2024

In this study, the issue of providing heat energy to a small utility room from a solar air heater collector in the climate of Uzbekistan was considered. A diamond-shaped heat exchange accelerating element is used in the installed solar air heater collector. The total working surface is 1 m2. After installing the solar air heater collector, the thermal energy balance of the service room was compiled. As a result, it was determined that 81355 W of thermal energy is required during the day to maintain the room temperature at a normal level. The amount of heat required for the sunny time of the day was 28873 W. The amount of heat received from the solar air heater collector was 1350 W. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the total working surface is 21 m2 on average to provide 100% of the required amount of heat in sunny weather with the help of a solar air heater collector. The calculation process was carried out for 06.01.2023. Covering the daily amount of heat required by the consumer with the help of a solar air heater collector is considered very complicated and requires a lot of money. Therefore, during the design of the heat supply from the solar air heater collectors, it is appropriate to determine the average amount of heat for the season at 15-20%.
Development and experimental research of solar air collector
Authors: Uzbekov Mirsoli , Boynazarov Bekzod , Nasretdinova Feruza , Zoxidov Iqboljon , Qodirov Afzaljon , Hamidjonov Zuhriddin
Published: April 2024

The article is a research and development of a solar air collector for air heating using a metal absorber in the form of chips. The work describes the design of the collector, the principle of its operation and the results of experiments conducted under natural conditions. Experimental data demonstrates that the use of chips increases collector efficiency by 13% and also provides reliable air heating. Analysis of the results under different solar radiation conditions highlights the robustness of the collector and its applicability in a wide range of climatic conditions. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the use of solar air collectors with a metal chip absorber is promising for the efficient use of solar energy in heating systems.
Heat pipes for passive solar heating systems
Authors: Ochilov L.I. , Fayziyev Sh.Sh.
Published: April 2024

In the presented research work, heat pipes of gravitational and ring type were investigated. Two types of heat pipes were fabricated and tested under natural conditions for the study. According to the results of experiments, depending on the materials and dimensions of the heat pipes under study, the average value of the temperature difference in the gravitational heat pipe is 1.7 times higher, and the thermal resistance is 1.3 times lower.
Microprocessor system control stage: railway tracks example
Authors: Almammadova Mehriban , Kamenieva Nina
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a novel method of managing railway tracks by utilizing a control system based on microprocessors. The creation and deployment of an advanced system intended to improve the effectiveness, security, and dependability of railway operations is the main objective. The suggested system makes use of cutting-edge microprocessor technology to keep an eye on, manage, and repair a number of railway infrastructure components, such as train movements, signal operations, and track integrity. The system offers an automated approach to identify and resolve any problems such track defects, signal failures, and unwanted access through real-time data collecting and processing. Additionally, the integration of predictive maintenance algorithms helps in preemptive identification of wear and tear on tracks, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and improving overall service quality. The paper details the architectural design of the system, its operational mechanisms, and the results of a series of simulations and real-world tests conducted to validate its effectiveness. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced passenger safety, illustrating the potential of microprocessor-based systems in revolutionizing railway infrastructure management.
Investigation of early detection possibilities of sugar beet disease with machine learning algorithms based on multispectral reflection
Authors: Tuğrul Koç Mehmet , Özkan Kemal , Gürel Uğur , Ceyhan Merve , Kaya Rıza , Aydoğdu Muharrem , Fidantemiz Yavuz Fatih
Published: April 2024

Traditionally, diagnosis and monitoring of agricultural diseases are carried out through on-site observation and inspection. These methods are time-consuming and may represent limited samples. Therefore, remote sensing technology has become an important tool in disease detection and monitoring in agriculture. In the research, Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola sacc.) disease, which cause significant economic losses in sugar beet production, were detected in the early stages using machine learning algorithms using non-invasive multispectral images taken with UAV under field conditions is intended to be determined. The research was fulfilled using images from the grower fields in two regions where the disease was observed intensively. Index value data from digital surface model maps created by processing the images taken were used as training and test data. Numerical data was tested using five different supervised machine learning methods. The success of the analyzed models in predicting disease formation from the index values obtained from the images taken and the physiological changes that occur before the disease agents appear on sugar beet leaves was over 70%. Among the models compared in the study, the k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN) model gave the highest success in both diseases, with 83% accuracy and 76% and 86% f1-score values. The support vector machines model followed the KNN model with 77% accuracy, 75%, and 86% f1-score values. According to the results of the research, it has been revealed that plant diseases have the potential for pre-symptomatic detection, and by processing the images obtained with UAV-based MS images, it is possible to detect diseases in the early period.
Off-line handwritten signature verification based on machine learning
Authors: Akhundjanov Umidjon , Soliyev Bakhrom , Juraev Nurmakhamad , Musayev Khurshid , Norinov Muhammadyunus , Ermatova Zarina , Zaynabidinov Rakhmatullo
Published: April 2024

This paper describes the results of recognizing handwritten signatures. For the experiments, the database of handwritten signatures BHSig260-Bengali, BHSig260-Hindi, CEDAR and TUIT was used. For classification, four options were used to reduce the signatures to sizes: 200×120, 250×150, 300×150 and 400×200 pixels. These images served as input for the proposed network architecture. As a result of testing the proposed approach, the average accuracy of correct classification of signatures on images of size 250×150 was achieved: for the CEDAR database it was 94.38%, for the BHSig260-Hindi database it was 95.63%, for the BHSig260-Bengali database it was 97.50% and for TUIT base is 90.04%.
The equation of the modulator's passing cross-section area in the pulsation device with the vibrating rotor
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Koshulko Vitalii , Sova Nataliia , Tymchak Dmytro
Published: April 2024

The article provides an analysis of the existing analytical models of the change in the cross-sectional area of the modulator in rotary-pulsation devices. The peculiarities of the application of such functions for the pulsation devices with the vibrating rotor are determined, taking into account the predominant mechanism of dispersion of emulsions. Using classical hydraulic and mathematical dependencies, in order to fulfill the requirement of creating harmonic pulsations of the emulsion in the modulator holes for synchronization with the axial oscillations of the rotor and the equality of the conditions of pulsations of the speed of the emulsion in each channel of the stator and rotor, the equation of the change in the cross-sectional area of the modulator in the pulsation devices with the vibrating rotor is determined in the form of a continuous function. This greatly simplifies the mathematical description of the function, and the subsequent analytical model of the movement of the emulsion in devices of this type. The resulting equation is necessary in determining such characteristics as the instantaneous speed and acceleration of the emulsion and the diameter of the dispersed phase after treatment.
Probability and variance
Authors: Barukčić Ilija
Published: April 2024

Background: The highly conservative nature of Chebyshev's inequality, with its advantages and disadvantages, calls for an additional approach to the event probability of an individual event across various distributions. Materials and Methods: This investigation commences with the theoretical foundations of event probability, presenting a mathematical framework for the precise quantification of event probability independent of the distribution of the random variable. Simultaneously, we explore the relationship between the event probability of an individual event and the variance of that event. Results: Chebyshev's inequality can function more or less as a rough upper limit for event probability, depending on the number of standard deviations from the mean. The results of this study suggest that the variance and the expected value of an event allow for a very precise determination of the event probability of an individual event, eliminating the need for estimation. Conclusion: In summary, this study sheds light on the dynamic relationship between variance and event probability, emphasizing the limitations of Chebyshev's inequality. This insight can prove particularly valuable in scenarios with non-normally distributed datasets.
In biology, solving a problem coming to a differential equation in the maple program
Authors: Nasriddinov Otadavlat , Abdullayev Jamoliddin , Jo'rayeva Dilnavoz , Botirova Nasiba , Maniyozov Oybek , Isomiddinova Odilakhon
Published: April 2024

We know that not only the problems of mathematics, but also the mathematical model of a number of processes that occur in nature can been reduced to a differential equation. Most of the quantities found in nature have their own laws. Finding these, laws directly have more complicated matter. Finding the relationship between the quantity in question, its rate of change and acceleration is quite easy by nature. Simple differential equations have formed as a mathematical expression of this connection. It is important and significant to use modern computer programs to find a quick and accurate solution to such equations. Found in Maple.
Optimal quadrature formulas in Sobolev space for solving the generalized Abel integral equation
Authors: Daliyev Bakhtiyor , Tukxtasinov Dadakhon , Bozarov Bakhromjon , Sabirov Salim , Abdullayev Jamoliddin , Ruzimatova Makhfuza
Published: April 2024

In this article, a composite optimal quadrature formula is constructed for an approximate analytical solution of the generalized integral Abel equation in the Sobolev functional space. The optimal coefficients of this quadrature formula have been found. In addition, using the constructed composite optimal quadrature formula, numerical results of examples of the generalized Abel integral equation were obtained and compared with the exact solution.
Thermal converter for controlling horizontal wind speed and temperature
Authors: Rayimdjanova Odinaxon , Xatamova Zumradxon , Rustamov Ilhomidin , Xolmatov Shaxobidin , Arabboyev Xurshidbek , Ibragimov Navro'zbek
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the design, operation and use of horizontal wind speed and direction control devices. The most commonly used part of the speed converter in the device we analyze is the wind vane converter mounted on the wind vane, which provides an electrical signal of wind direction using a rheostat or electronic transducer. The operating principle of this device is based on the theory of a heat converter, which establishes a relationship between air flow and temperature distribution along the heat conductor of the converter. Purpose : The article is aimed at developing basic concepts and skills about the design, operating principle and methods of using horizontal wind speed and direction control devices. Methods : The operating principle of this device is based on the theory of heat conversion, which establishes the relationship between air flow and temperature distribution along the heat pipe of the converter.
Comparison of numerical results of turbulence models for the problem of heat transfer in turbulent molasses
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Abdulkhaev Zokhidjon , Otajonov Jamshidbek , Kadyrov Khasanboy , Bilolov Inomjan , Israilov Sharabiddin , Abdullajonov Nurzoda
Published: April 2024

The study introduces Malikov's two-fluid methodology along with the RSM turbulence model for simulating turbulent heat transfer phenomena. It elucidates that temperature fluctuations within turbulent flows arise from temperature differentials between the respective fluids. Leveraging the two-fluid paradigm, the researchers develop a mathematical framework to characterize turbulent heat transfer dynamics. This resultant turbulence model is then applied to analyze heat propagation in turbulent flows around a flat plate and in scenarios involving submerged jets. To validate the model's efficacy, numerical outcomes are juxtaposed against established RSM turbulence models and experimental findings. The comparative analysis reveals that the two-fluid turbulent transport model aptly captures the thermodynamic behaviors inherent in turbulent flows with exceptional precision.
Methods for using elliptic curves in cryptography
Authors: Obukhov Vadim , Qadamova Zulayho , Sobirov Muzaffar , Ergashev Otabek , Nabijonov Ravshanbek
Published: April 2024

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), a significant modern cryptography, is more secure and robust than most others due to its construction using an elliptic curve and the application of mathematical operations for encryption and key generation. Furthermore, ECC based on elliptic curves can continually enhance speed and intensity through improvements in accelerators, scalar multiplication, and order processing speed.
Analysis of automation through sensors through gas sensors in different directions
Authors: Mukhtarov Farrukh , Jo'rayev Nurmaxamad , Zokirov Sanjar , Sadikova Munira , Muhammadjonov Azamatjon , Iskandarova Nargizakhon
Published: April 2024

The MQ2 and MQ4 sensors are highly popular gas sensors utilized in a wide range of applications for the detection and measurement of various gases. Renowned for their simplicity, affordability, and ease of use, MQ sensors have become a preferred choice among hobbyists, students, and professionals. In this article, we will delve into a comprehensive comparison between these two types of gas sensors, aiming to unveil the desired outcomes. In conclusion, the MQ2 and MQ4 sensors are widely recognized for their simplicity, affordability, and ease of use in detecting and measuring various gases. While the MQ2 sensor is versatile in its gas detection capabilities, the MQ4 sensor specializes in methane gas detection. Both sensors display commendable levels of sensitivity, stability, and repeatability, guaranteeing accurate and dependable gas measurements. By conducting a thorough comparison of these gas sensors, we have shed light on their unique features and functionalities, facilitating informed decision-making for potential users.
Analysis of the causes of silting of natural channels
Authors: Samiev Luqmon , Vokhidova Umida , Tursunova Elza , Apakhodjaeva Tursinoy , Babajanov Farrukh , Shaymardonov Samandar
Published: April 2024

The theory of river flow transport is the major cause in the development of the irrigation sector and largely determines the stability of the irrigation scheme. Crop water requirements vary due to climate and crop growth stages. For this reason, the flow of sediments changes during the irrigation season. In this article, in order to evaluate the carrying capacity of the canals, researches in natural field conditions were carried out in the Amu-zang canal belonging to the “Amu-Surkhan Irrigation Systems” basin administration. Flow transportability in natural channels was calculated for particles with d=0.05 mm by S.Kh.Abalyans, A.Zamarin, A.M.Arifzhanov and Engelund and Hansen methods. A histogram of the dependence of flow capacity, channel depth and average speed on the Amuzang channel was obtained, according to which it was determined that the flow capacity is 1.5-1.8 kg/m3in the range of 0.6-0.8 m/s.
Radiation modification of quartz and its spectral characteristics
Authors: Mustafakulov A.
Published: April 2024

The nature of the structural phase transition of quartz under neutron irradiation was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The kinetics of gamma luminescence (GL) bands in quartz crystals grown on seeds irradiated with neutrons with a dose of 5-1018..1019 and 5-1019 n/sm2 after additional neutron irradiation of 1016- 8.1020 n/sm2 in the temperature range 77-300 K. Based on experimental data, it is shown that all the structural characteristics of the seed are transferred to the grown crystal. This opens up the possibility of obtaining quartz crystals with predetermined properties. Diffraction parameters of quartz irradiated with neutrons and grown on neutron-irradiated seeds (n/sm2). Based on the results of studies of GL, the redistribution of the intensities of photoluminescence bands under illumination (λw = 300-340 nm) without heating and with heating in the temperature range 300-720 K, the dependence of the intensities of luminescence bands on the neutron fluence, it was assumed that the luminescence centers are at 550 and 660 nm are, respectively, peroxide radicals and non-bridging oxygen atoms located at the interfaces between the α- and β-phases of quartz.
Influence of particles formed resulting from wear of automobile brake mechanisms on human health
Authors: Karimova K. , Ismailov K. , Shermukhamedov A. , Yuldashev Sh.
Published: April 2024

In this article, details of the brake mechanism and the method of determining the concentration of metals in the particles formed from the wear of tires as a result of the movement of cars, as well as a comparative analysis of road dust formed on asphalt-concrete roads of different composition are covered. In cities’ traffic-related sources are a substantial source of particulate pollution. The following categories of traffic-related particles exist: brake mechanism details, formed as a result of tire wear and wear to the road surface, accumulate due to turbulence caused by traffic, and exhaust particles released as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel and volatilization of lubricants during combustion. The method of determining the metal concentration in the formed particles, data on the physical and chemical properties of the particles are presented. Information is given on the negative impact on human health of the particles formed as a result of wear of the details of the car brake mechanism.
Preconditions for optimizing costs of logistics operator when delivering special categories of cargoes
Authors: Abdurazzokov Umidulla , Vasylenko Igor , Pron Svitlana , Borets Iryna , Valko Alla , Ozerova Olha
Published: April 2024

Activities of logistics operators in providing global supply chains are becoming increasingly relevant, theoretically and practically significant. The purpose of the study was to determine the types of costs of a logistics operator in the delivery of special categories of cargoes and to identify the preconditions for their optimization. In solving the tasks, the authors used the abstract-logical method, methods of generalization, system and statistical analysis, and expert assessments. A critical analysis of scientific researches on the development of Industry 4.0 and the formation of a logistics operator 4.0, the multimodal interaction features, the development of various logistics systems on certain modes of transport and in cities was carried out. The main results of the study were to determine the principles of emergence, structuring and establishing ways to optimize the delivery cost of various categories of special cargo. The results of the study will be relevant for logistics operators, airlines, airports, freight forwarders, and other participants of transport and logistics markets, as well as scholars.
A synergetic approach to the development of the economic potential of the aviation complex enterprises
Authors: Bugayko Dmytro , Podrieza Mykhaylo , Bugayko Danylo , Borysiuk Anton , Yekimov Sergey
Published: April 2024

The potential of aviation enterprises makes it possible to increase the volume of development and production of aviation equipment, in particular: regional passenger and transport aircraft; aircraft engines and units; on-board radio-electronic equipment aimed at the use of satellite communication, navigation and observation systems; helicopters and general aviation aircraft, including unmanned ones; military goods and dual-use products. It is substantiated that the harmonization of the modern system of state regulation of the integration of the foreign trade sector of Ukraine into the EU should be carried out based on the fact that the parties have excellent reasons for forming an integration association. The consistent implementation of worldview and methodological procedures for maximizing the use of potential is, first of all, a tool for overcoming the low level of economic development, efforts through unification to create better conditions for the industrialization and development of aviation enterprises, the possibility of qualitative transformation of the foreign trade sector by attracting foreign investments and high technologies. This approach should contribute to the fundamental restructuring and diversification of export supplies, increase the opportunities to use positive development trends, and increase the level of international competitiveness of domestic economic entities. The results of the diagnostics of aviation enterprises made it possible to reveal the expediency of forming a new structure of interaction of enterprises and systematizing them into an aviation complex, which is considered as a set of organizations involved in the development, testing, production, sale, operation, modernization and repair of aviation equipment, which form several interconnected clusters.
Solution of Subsurface dam for water supply
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Minh
Published: April 2024

Subsurface dam is a dam system that built in earth’s worb to reserve water and to increase levels of aquifer ground. Region with harsh climate conditions, low rainfall, land is uncultivated, low level of ground water then capacity to provide water is limited. Therefore, subsurface dam is a solution to help to improve the groundwater table, provide water during dry season. At coastal land, beside the advantage of reserve water, the subsurface dam also helps to present infiltration of salt water. This article discusses about subsurface dam, solutions to build the subsurface dam and its application scale, advantages and disadvantages of applying subsurface dams in Vietnam. Moreover, the author proposes solutions for water supply to areas which are shortage of water in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam.
Factors that Influence the costs of load-bearing structures in prefabricated concrete halls – a case study from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Gušić Ismet , Hodžić Bilal , Šljivić Amela
Published: April 2024

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, many factories produce prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. This research aims to investigate the impact of the span of primary roof beams and the longitudinal distance between supporting columns on the costs of constructing load-bearing structural components for prefabricated reinforced concrete halls in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Static analyses with detailed reinforcement drawings and calculations have been provided for various scenarios of prefab halls with parameters such as primary roof beams with spans of 16.0, 18.0, 22.0, or 24.0 m and a longitudinal distance between the columns of λ = 6.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 12.0m. This paper comprehensively analyzes sixteen different prefab halls to find an answer to the question: If the longitudinal distance between supported columns is increased, will the costs of the prefab hall also be increased? After conducting a comprehensive analysis, we have concluded that increasing the span of primary roof beams and the longitudinal distance between columns increases the total reinforcement cost. However, greater distance between columns reduces the number of elements, significantly reducing the costs associated with concrete works and expenses related to transportation and assembly. As a result of analyses, we have proposed the economically efficient optimal longitudinal distance between supporting columns.
Exhaust device braid transmission pattern changes in the driven branch
Authors: Dadakhanov Nurilla
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of an analysis of the pattern of voltage changes in the driven branch of transmission by a braid with a variable gear ratio using the analytical method. A system of differential equations is obtained that describes the movement of the belt drive rollers. Based on the numerical solution of the problem, the laws were obtained changes in braid voltage in the driven transmission branch. Graphical dependences of the change in the maximum voltage value in the driven branch on the values of the pre-tension of the transmission band have been constructed. The parameters of the belt drive are justified.
The potential of the global automotive industry as a tourist attraction
Authors: Tsypko Victoria , Andrusenko Serhii , Podpisnov Vladyslav , Podpisnov Denys
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to theoretically study the global automotive industry as an object of tourist interest. The methodology is based on scientific and special research methods. The used methods were analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization of economic and methodological literature as well as and scientific publications. The scientific novelty of prerequisites and directions of tourism potential realization studying for the global automotive industry is to formulate proposals and outline prospects for further development of the relevant tourist destinations. Conclusions. The article considers the factors that determine the interest in cars and, consequently, their potential attractiveness for tourist development such as the main forms of potential of automotive industry products in tourism realization; relevant examples of the most popular destinations among tourists are provided; the main directions of increasing the tourist attractiveness of automotive products are characterized such as the groups of potential consumers; outlines further prospects for tourist development of the world automotive heritage.