bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of Goliathus orientalis (Moser, 1909) Elytra Nanostructurations and Their Impact on Wettability
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , Godeau René-Paul , Orange François , Szczepanski Caroline R. , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: April 2018

Among the different species of flower beetles, there is one of particular notoriety: the Goliath beetle. This large insect can grow up to 11 cm long and is well-known for its distinctive black and white shield. In this paper, we focus on a particular Goliathus species: G. orientalis (Moser, 1909). We investigated the variations in properties of both the black and white parts of the upper face of G. orientalis; more precisely, the variation in surface properties with respect to the wettability of these two parts. This work reveals that the white parts of the shield have a higher hydrophobic character when compared to the black regions. While the black parts are slightly hydrophobic (θ = 91 ± 5°) and relatively smooth, the white parts are highly hydrophobic (θ = 130 ± 3°) with strong water adhesion (parahydrophobic); similar to the behavior observed for rose petals. Roughness and morphology analyses revealed significant differences between the two parts, and, hence, may explain the change in wettability. The white surfaces are covered with horizontally aligned nanohairs. Interestingly, vertically aligned microhairs are also present on the white surface. Furthermore, the surfaces of the microhairs are not smooth, they contain nanogrooves that are qualitatively similar to those observed in cactus spines. The nanogrooves may have an extremely important function regarding water harvesting, as they preferentially direct the migration of water droplets; this process could be mimicked in the future to capture and guide a large volume of water.
Enhancing Light-Driven Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Anchoring Au onto C3N4 Catalysts
Authors: Chang Xiaoyu , Yang Junjiao , Han Dandan , Zhang Bing , Xiang Xu , He Jing
Published: April 2018

Light-driven production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green and sustainable way to achieve solar-to-chemical energy conversion. During such a conversion, both the high activity and the stability of catalysts were critical. We prepared an Au-supported C3N4 catalyst—i.e., Au/C3N4-500(N2)—by strongly anchoring Au nanoparticles (~5 nm) onto a C3N4 matrix—which simultaneously enhanced the activity towards the photosynthesis of H2O2 and the stability when it was reused. The yield of H2O2 reached 1320 μmol L−1 on Au/C3N4-500(N2) after 4 h of light irradiation in an acidic solution (pH 3), which was higher than that (1067 μmol L−1) of the control sample Au/C3N4-500(Air) and 2.3 times higher than that of the pristine C3N4. Particularly, the catalyst Au/C3N4-500(N2) retained a much higher stability. The yield of H2O2 had a marginal decrease on the spent catalyst—i.e., 98% yield was kept. In comparison, only 70% yield was obtained from the spent control catalyst. The robust anchoring of Au onto C3N4 improved their interaction, which remarkably decreased the Au leaching when it was used and avoided the aggregation and aging of Au particles. Minimal Au leaching was detected on the spent catalyst. The kinetic analyses indicated that the highest formation rate of H2O2 was achieved on the Au/C3N4-500(N2) catalyst. The decomposition tests and kinetic behaviors of H2O2 were also carried out. These findings suggested that the formation rate of H2O2 could be a determining factor for efficient production of H2O2.
Transition Metal Selenite Halides: A Fascinating Family of Magnetic Compounds
Authors: Berdonosov Peter , Kuznetsova Elena , Dolgikh Valery
Published: April 2018

The problem of searching for low-dimensional magnetic systems has been a topical subject and has attracted attention of the chemistry and physics community for the last decade. In low-dimensional magnetic systems, magnetic ions are distributed anisotopically and form different groups such as dimers, chains, ladders, or planes. In 3D frameworks, the distances between magnetic ions are equal in all directions while in low-dimensional systems the distances within groups are different from those between groups. The main approach of searching for desired systems is a priori crystal chemical design expecting the needed distribution of transition metal ions in the resulting structure. One of the main concepts of this structural design is the incorporation of the p-element ions with stereochemically active electron pairs and ions acting as spacers in the composition. Transition metal selenite halides, substances that combine SeO32− groups and halide ions in the structure, seem to be a promising object of investigation. Up to now, there are 33 compounds that are structurally described, magnetically characterized, and empirically tested on different levels. The presented review will summarize structural peculiarities and observed magnetic properties of the known transition metal selenite halides. In addition, the known compounds will be analyzed as possible low-dimensional magnetic systems.
A Key Gene, PLIN1, Can Affect Porcine Intramuscular Fat Content Based on Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Li Bojiang , Weng Qiannan , Dong Chao , Zhang Zengkai , Li Rongyang , Liu Jingge , Jiang Aiwen , Li Qifa , Jia Chao , Wu Wangjun , Liu Honglin
Published: April 2018

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important indicator for meat quality evaluation. However, the key genes and molecular regulatory mechanisms affecting IMF deposition remain unclear. In the present study, we identified 75 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the higher (H) and lower (L) IMF content of pigs using transcriptome analysis, of which 27 were upregulated and 48 were downregulated. Notably, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that the DEG perilipin-1 (PLIN1) was significantly enriched in the fat metabolism-related peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns and functional role of porcine PLIN1. Our results indicate that PLIN1 was highly expressed in porcine adipose tissue, and its expression level was significantly higher in the H IMF content group when compared with the L IMF content group, and expression was increased during adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, our results confirm that PLIN1 knockdown decreases the triglyceride (TG) level and lipid droplet (LD) size in porcine adipocytes. Overall, our data identify novel candidate genes affecting IMF content and provide new insight into PLIN1 in porcine IMF deposition and adipocyte differentiation.
An Ecological Study on the Spatially Varying Relationship between County-Level Suicide Rates and Altitude in the United States
Authors: Ha Hoehun , Tu Wei
Published: April 2018

Suicide is a serious but preventable public health issue. Several previous studies have revealed a positive association between altitude and suicide rates at the county level in the contiguous United States. We assessed the association between suicide rates and altitude using a cross-county ecological study design. Data on suicide rates were obtained from a Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS), maintained by the U.S. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC). Altitude data were collected from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). We employed an ordinary least square (OLS) regression to model the association between altitude and suicide rates in 3064 counties in the contiguous U.S. We conducted a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to examine the spatially varying relationship between suicide rates and altitude after controlling for several well-established covariates. A significant positive association between altitude and suicide rates (average county rates between 2008 and 2014) was found in the dataset in the OLS model (R2 = 0.483, p < 0.001). Our GWR model fitted the data better, as indicated by an improved R2 (average: 0.62; range: 0.21–0.64) and a lower Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) value (13,593.68 vs. 14,432.14 in the OLS model). The GWR model also significantly reduced the spatial autocorrelation, as indicated by Moran’s I test statistic (Moran’s I = 0.171; z = 33.656; p < 0.001 vs. Moran’s I = 0.323; z = 63.526; p < 0.001 in the OLS model). In addition, a stronger positive relationship was detected in areas of the northern regions, northern plain regions, and southeastern regions in the U.S. Our study confirmed a varying overall positive relationship between altitude and suicide. Future research may consider controlling more predictor variables in regression models, such as firearm ownership, religion, and access to mental health services.
Discovery of Novel Enhancers of Isoniazid Toxicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Lentz Fabian , Reiling Norbert , Martins Ana , Molnár Joseph , Hilgeroth Andreas
Published: April 2018

The number of effective first-line antibiotics for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is strongly limited to a few drugs. Due to emerging resistance against those drugs, second- and third-line antibiotics have been established in therapy with certain problems and also increasing mycobacterial resistance. An alternative to such novel drugs or combined therapeutic regimes which may reduce resistance development is finding enhancers of mycobacterial drug effectiveness, especially enhancers that counteract causative resistance mechanisms. Such enhancers may reduce the extracellular drug efflux mediated by bacterial efflux pumps and thus enhance the intracellular drug toxicity. We developed novel 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) as potential efflux pump inhibitors with some determined P-gp affinities. The influence on the antituberculotic drug toxicity has been investigated for three prominent antituberculotic drugs. Exclusive and selective toxicity enhancing effects have been detected for isoniazid (INH) which could be related to certain substituent effects of the 1,4-DHPs. So, structure-dependent activities have been found. Thus, promising enhancers could be identified and a suggested efflux pump inhibition is discussed.
Synthesis and Anticandidal Activity of New Imidazole-Chalcones
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Kaya Cavusoglu Betul , Saglik Begum , Levent Serkan , Acar Cevik Ulviye , Atli Ozlem , Ozkay Yusuf , Kaplancikli Zafer
Published: April 2018

In the present work, 15 new 1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(4-substituedphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives (3a–3o) were synthesized to evaluate their antifungal activity. Structures of newly synthesized imidazole derivatives (3a–3o) were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS spectroscopic methods. The anticandidal activity of compounds (3a–3o) against C. albicans (ATCC 24433), C. krusei (ATCC 6258), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), and C. glabrata (ATCC 90030) was elucidated according to the EUCAST definitive (EDef 7.1) method. Consistent with the activity studies, 3a–3d were found to be more potent derivatives with their MIC50 values (0.78 µg/mL–3.125 µg/mL) against Candida strains. Compound 3c indicated similar antifungal activity to ketoconazole against all Candida species and was evaluated as the most active derivative in the series. Effects of the most potent derivatives 3a–3d on ergosterol biosynthesis were observed by LC-MS-MS method, which is based on quantification of the ergosterol level in C. krusei. Moreover, these compounds were subjected to a cytotoxicity test for the preliminary toxicological profiles and were found as non-cytotoxic. Furthermore, docking studies for the most active derivative 3c were performed to evaluate its binding modes on lanosterol 14-α-demethylase. In addition to in vitro tests, docking studies also revealed that Compound 3c is a potential ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in HMGB1 Correlate with Lung Cancer Risk in the Northeast Chinese Han Population
Authors: Jiang Min , Li Xuelian , Quan Xiaowei , Li Xiaoying , Zhou Baosen
Published: April 2018

Lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer-associated deaths. HMGB1 has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rs1412125 and rs1360485 polymorphisms in HMGB1 and the risk and survival of lung cancer. 850 cases and 733 controls were included. Logistic regression analysis and survival analysis were performed to investigate the association between SNPs and the risk and survival of lung cancer. Crossover analysis was used to analyze the interaction between SNPs and tobacco exposure. Results indicated that rs1412125 polymorphism was associated with lung cancer risk, especially with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer. Carriers with CT and CC genotypes had a decreased risk of lung cancer (CT + CC vs.TT: adjusted OR = 0.736, p = 0.004). Similar results were obtained in the stratification analysis for non-smokers and female population. For rs1360485 polymorphism, AG and GG genotypes could decrease the risk of lung adenocarcinoma and female lung cancer by 0.771-fold and 0.789-fold. However, no significant interaction between polymorphisms and tobacco exposure or association between SNPs and the survival of lung cancer was observed. This study indicated polymorphisms in HMGB1 may be a novel biomarker for female lung adenocarcinoma risk.
Flavonoid 8-O-Glucuronides from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and Their Recovery Effects on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islets in Zebrafish
Authors: Ko Jung-Hwan , Nam Youn Hee , Joo Sun-Woo , Kim Hyoung-Geun , Lee Yeong-Geun , Kang Tong Ho , Baek Nam-In
Published: April 2018

Malva verticillata (Cluster mallow), a leafy vegetable that has been popular in East Asia for a long time, has also been used in herbal teas and medicines. The aqueous fraction of the aerial parts of Malva verticillata, exhibiting a very high quantity of flavonoids compared to the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, exhibited significant recovery effects on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan in zebrafish larvae. Thus, the bioactive components responsible for this anti-diabetic activity were investigated. A new flavonoid glucuronide (1) and five known flavonoids were isolated from the aqueous fraction. Based on several spectroscopic methods, compound 1 was identified to be nortangeretin-8-O-β-d-glucuronide, and was named malvaflavone A. The A-ring of compound 1 had a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy moiety, which rarely occurs in plant systems. Also 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety was rarely occurred in plant system. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 significantly improved the pancreatic islet size in zebrafish at 0.1 μM, and compounds 1 and 6 were found to block β-cell K+ channels in experiments with diazoxide. In ABTS, ORAC, and SOD assays, compounds 1–5 exhibited high anti-oxidant activities compared with quercetin and BHA (positive controls), indicating that the 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety is a key structure for the expression of anti-oxidant activity. This is the first report of the isolation of compounds 1–6 from M. verticillata as well evaluated for anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant ativities.
Effect of Storage Conditions on the Long-Term Stability of Bactericidal Effects for Laser Generated Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Korshed Peri , Li Lin , Ngo Duc-The , Wang Tao
Published: April 2018

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as antibacterial agents, but their antibacterial durability and the influence by storage conditions have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, AgNPs were produced using a picosecond laser and stored under three different conditions: daylight, dark and cold (4 °C). The antibacterial effects of the laser AgNPs were examined against Escherichia coli in either a 14-day interval (frequent air exposure) or a 45-day interval (less frequent air exposure) using a well-diffusion method until the antibacterial effects disappeared. Results showed that the antibacterial activity of the laser generated AgNPs lasted 266 to 405 days. Frequent air exposure increased particle oxidation as measured by high-angle annular dark-field detector for scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray energy dispersive (EDX) spectroscopy, and reduced the antibacterial duration by about 13 weeks. Compared to the chemically produced AgNPs, the antibacterial effect of the laser AgNPs lasted over 100 days longer when tested in the 45-day interval, but was susceptible to oxidation when frequently exposed to the air. The laser generated AgNPs had lower antibacterial activity when stored in cold compared to that stored at room temperature. This study demonstrated the long lasting antibacterial durability of the laser generated AgNPs. Such information could help design future medical applications for the AgNPs.
Under What Conditions Do Rules-Based and Capability-Based Management Modes Dominate?
Authors: Michel Lukas , Anzengruber Johanna , Wölfle Marco , Hixson Nick
Published: April 2018

Despite real changes in the work place and the negative consequences of prevailing hierarchical structures with rigid management systems, little attention has yet been paid to shifting management modes to accommodate the dynamics of the external environment, particularly when a firm’s operating environment demands a high degree of flexibility. Building on the resource-based view as a basis for competitive advantage, we posit that differences in the stability of an organization’s environment and the degree of managerial control explain variations in the management mode used in firms. Unlike other studies which mainly focus on either the dynamics of the external environment or management control, we have developed a theoretical model combining both streams of research, in a context frame to describe under what conditions firms engage in rules-based, change-based, engagement-based and capability-based management modes. To test our theoretical framework, we conducted a survey with 54 firms in various industries and nations on how their organizations cope with a dynamic environment and what management style they used in response. Our study reveals that the appropriate mode can be determined by analyzing purpose, motivation, knowledge and information, as well as the degree of complexity, volatility and uncertainty the firm is exposed to. With our framework, we attempt to advance the understanding of when organizations should adapt their management style to the changing business environment.
An Overview of Surgical Approaches to Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis for Primary Care Providers
Authors: Sewell Ryan K.
Published: April 2018

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition amongst pediatric patients. Despite its prevalence, debate continues regarding the best treatment strategies. The current paper examines the literature as it pertains to the surgical management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. Adenoidectomy remains the mainstay in the initial surgical management. Both maxillary sinus irrigation and balloon dilation of the sinuses have been studied with disagreement as to the timing and patient selection for those procedures. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is an accepted treatment modality, especially in initial surgical failures. Further studies will be needed to better delineate patient selection and timing of specific surgical techniques.
A Novel Multimodal Biometrics Recognition Model Based on Stacked ELM and CCA Methods
Authors: Yang Jucheng , Sun Wenhui , Liu Na , Chen Yarui , Wang Yuan , Han Shujie
Published: April 2018

Multimodal biometrics combine a variety of biological features to have a significant impact on identification performance, which is a newly developed trend in biometrics identification technology. This study proposes a novel multimodal biometrics recognition model based on the stacked extreme learning machines (ELMs) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) methods. The model, which has a symmetric structure, is found to have high potential for multimodal biometrics. The model works as follows. First, it learns the hidden-layer representation of biological images using extreme learning machines layer by layer. Second, the canonical correlation analysis method is applied to map the representation to a feature space, which is used to reconstruct the multimodal image feature representation. Third, the reconstructed features are used as the input of a classifier for supervised training and output. To verify the validity and efficiency of the method, we adopt it for new hybrid datasets obtained from typical face image datasets and finger-vein image datasets. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model performs better than traditional methods.
The Temporal and Spatial Variations in Lake Surface Areas in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Yuting , Yang Jing , Chen Yaning , Fang Gonghuan , Li Weihong
Published: April 2018

In arid areas, lakes play important roles in sustaining the local ecology, mitigating flood hazard, and restricting economic activity of society. In this study, we used multi-temporal satellite data to study annual variations in 16 natural lakes with individual surface areas over 10 km2, categorized into six regions based on their geographical and climatic information and on their relations with climate variables. Results indicated that annual variations in lake surface areas are different across these six regions. The surface area of Kanas Lake has not obviously changed due to its typical U-shape cross section; the areas of Ulungur Lake and Jili Lake increased sharply in the 1980s and then slightly decreased; the areas of Sayram Lake, Ebinur Lake, and Bosten Lake increased and then decreased, with peaks detected in the early 2000s; the areas of Barkol Lake and Toale Culler decreased, while those of the lakes located in the Kunlun Mountains steadily increased. Lake areas also show various relationships with climate variables. There is no obvious relationship between area and climate variables in Kanas Lake due to the specific lake morphology; the areas of most lakes showed positive correlations with annual precipitation (except Sayram Lake). A negative correlation between area and temperature were detected in Ulungur Lake, Jili Lake, Barkol Lake, and Toale Culler, while positive correlations were suggested in Bosten Lake and the lakes in the Kunlun Mountains (e.g., Saligil Kollakan Lake, Aksai Chin Lake, and Urukkule Lake).
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Women’s perception of vaccination in pregnancy: a qualitative study
Authors: O'Shea Aisling , Cleary Brian , McEntee Edel , Barrett Tina , O'Carroll Austin , Drew Richard , O'Reilly Fiona
Published: April 2018

Background

Vaccination against influenza and pertussis in pregnancy can reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. Despite this, there is poor uptake of both vaccines in pregnancy.

Aim

To explore women’s perception of vaccination in pregnancy and thereby determine the reasons behind such low vaccination rates.

Design & setting

This is a qualitative study undertaken at a large maternity hospital.

Method

Seventeen post-partum women completed a semi-structured interview discussing vaccination. They were recruited from a quantitative study looking at vaccination rates in pregnancy. The interview transcripts were discussed among three researchers and underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged. The first theme explored the influencing factors that shaped the women’s decision to vaccinate in pregnancy. The recommendation of a healthcare provider was the most important influencing factor for this study's cohort of women. The second theme highlighted the deficiency in knowledge women had regarding vaccine safety. The last theme related to the pertussis vaccine, and the reluctance of healthcare providers to discuss and offer this vaccine in pregnancy.

Conclusion

The qualitative approach gives voice to the thoughts and concerns of women as they make the complex decision to vaccinate in pregnancy. Clinicians must be cognizant of the important role they play in advising women to vaccinate in pregnancy. They must advise women that the vaccine is safe and address any of their concerns. Lastly, a message on vaccine safety should be included in future public health campaigns to promote vaccination in pregnancy.
miR-455 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Through Targeting GATA6 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yunqi Hua , Fangrui Yin , Yongyan Yang , Yunjian Jin , Wenhui Zhang , Kun Cao , Min Li , Xianfeng Liu , Caixia Ba
Published: April 2018

Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are often aberrantly expressed in human cancers. Meanwhile, the importance of miRNAs in regulating multiple cellular biological processes has been appreciated. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of miR-455 and
identify its possible mechanism in regulating colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We found that the expression of miR-455 was sharply reduced in CRC tissues and cell lines. Importantly, the low expression of miR-455 was associated with poor overall survival of CRC patients. Overexpression
of miR-455 in CRC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6), whose expression can be inversely regulated by miR-455 in CRC cell lines, was validated as a direct target of miR-455. Overall, our results revealed that
miR-455 functions as a tumor suppressor, and its downregulation may contribute to CRC progression. Our study may provide a novel therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
lncRNA BCAR4 Increases Viability, Invasion, and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Glioma-Associated Oncogene 2 (GLI2)
Authors: Yang Hongliang , Yan Lei , Sun Kai , Sun Xiaodong , Zhang Xudong , Cai Kerui , Song Tiejun
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA BCAR4 on the viability and aggressiveness of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of BCAR4 and GLI2 downstream genes in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Chromatin isolation by RNA
purification (CHIRP) and Western blot were employed to measure the expression of the GLI2 downstream proteins. Ki-67 expression in nude mice tumors was tested by immunohistochemistry. MTT assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were used to assess NSCLC cell viability and aggressiveness,
respectively. Tumor xenograft was conducted to determine the effects of BCAR4 and GLI2 on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo. The expression of BCAR4 in NSCLC tissues and cells was significantly higher than the normal level. The overexpression of BCAR4 promoted NSCLC cell viability, migration,
and invasion. The suppression of BCAR4 and GLI2 showed the opposite effects. The overexpression of BCAR4 led to an increase in the expression of GLI2 downstream proteins, while the suppression of BCAR4 and GLI2 reduced their expression. In a tumor xenograft assay, the
tumors in mice of the BCAR4 group showed the biggest volume, while those in mice of the si-GLI2 group showed the smallest volume. Ki-67 showed much higher levels in the BCAR4 overexpression group but much lower levels in the si-GLI2 group. In summary, the cooperative mechanism of lncRNA BCAR4
and GLI2 might provide a new opportunity for treating NSCLC.
MicroRNA 495 Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis and Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting Twist1 in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Chao , Jian Min , Qi Hong , Mao Wei-Zheng
Published: April 2018

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in multiple biological processes. However, the effects of miR-495 on gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the functions of miR-495 in GC cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cell lines were transfected with miR-495 mimic, miR-495 inhibitor, and negative controls (mimic control and inhibitor control). The expressions of miR-495, cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related factors were examined by qRT-PCR, trypan blue staining, Transwell, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. Simultaneously, key factor expression levels of EMT were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The direct target of miR-495 was confirmed by dual-luciferase assay. Additionally, sh-Twist1, pc-Twist1, and corresponding controls were transfected into SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells, and the protein levels of EMT-associated factors were detected by Western blot. miR-495 was downregulated in GC cells. miR-495 expression level was effectively overexpressed or suppressed in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. Overexpression of miR-495 significantly decreased cell viability and migration, increased apoptosis, and inhibited the EMT process. Suppression of miR-495 showed contrary results. Twist1 was clarified as a target gene of miR-495, and Twist1 silencing obviously reduced the promoting effect of miR-495 suppression on these biological processes. Twist1 silencing significantly blocked the EMT process in both SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. miR-495 inhibited proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis by targeting Twist1 in GC cells. These data indicated that miR-495 might be a novel antitumor factor of GC and provide a new method for the treatment of GC.
A Catalog of Cool Dwarf Targets for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
Authors: Muirhead Philip S. , Dressing Courtney D. , Mann Andrew W. , Rojas-Ayala Bárbara , Lépine Sébastien , Paegert Martin , De Lee Nathan , Oelkers Ryan
Published: April 2018

We present a catalog of cool dwarf targets (

, T
eff ≲ 4000 K) and their stellar properties for the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), for the purpose of determining which cool dwarfs should be observed using two minute observations. TESS has the opportunity to search tens of thousands of nearby, cool, late K- and M-type dwarfs for transiting exoplanets, an order of magnitude more than current or previous transiting exoplanet surveys, such as Kepler, K2, and ground-based programs. This necessitates a new approach to choosing cool dwarf targets. Cool dwarfs are chosen by collating parallax and proper motion catalogs from the literature and subjecting them to a variety of selection criteria. We calculate stellar parameters and TESS magnitudes using the best possible relations from the literature while maintaining uniformity of methods for the sake of reproducibility. We estimate the expected planet yield from TESS observations using statistical results from the Kepler mission, and use these results to choose the best targets for two minute observations, optimizing for small planets for which masses can conceivably be measured using follow-up Doppler spectroscopy by current and future Doppler spectrometers. The catalog is available in machine readable format and is incorporated into the TESS Input Catalog and TESS Candidate Target List until a more complete and accurate cool dwarf catalog identified by ESA’s Gaia mission can be incorporated.
On the Biohabitability of M-dwarf Planets
Authors: Wandel A.
Published: April 2018

The recent detection of Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, Trappist-1, and many other nearby M-type stars has led to speculations whether liquid water and life actually exist on these planets. To a large extent, the answer depends on their yet unknown atmospheres, which may, however, be within observational reach in the near future by JWST, ELT, and other planned telescopes. We consider the habitability of planets of M-type stars in the context of their atmospheric properties, heat transport, and irradiation. Instead of the traditional definition of the habitable zone, we define the biohabitable zone, where liquid water and complex organic molecules can survive on at least part of the planetary surface. The atmospheric impact on the temperature is quantified in terms of the heating factor (a combination of greenhouse heating, stellar irradiation, albedo, etc.) and heat redistribution (horizontal energy transport). We investigate the biohabitable domain (where planets can support surface liquid water and organics) in terms of these two factors. Our results suggest that planets orbiting M-type stars may have life-supporting temperatures, at least on part of their surface, for a wide range of atmospheric properties. We apply this analyses to Proxima Cen b and the Trappist-1 system. Finally, we discuss the implications for the search of biosignatures and demonstrate how they may be used to estimate the abundance of photosynthesis and biotic planets.
Giant Planets: Good Neighbors for Habitable Worlds?
Authors: Georgakarakos Nikolaos , Eggl Siegfried , Dobbs-Dixon Ian
Published: April 2018

The presence of giant planets influences potentially habitable worlds in numerous ways. Massive celestial neighbors can facilitate the formation of planetary cores and modify the influx of asteroids and comets toward Earth analogs later on. Furthermore, giant planets can indirectly change the climate of terrestrial worlds by gravitationally altering their orbits. Investigating 147 well-characterized exoplanetary systems known to date that host a main-sequence star and a giant planet, we show that the presence of “giant neighbors” can reduce a terrestrial planet’s chances to remain habitable, even if both planets have stable orbits. In a small fraction of systems, however, giant planets slightly increase the extent of habitable zones provided that the terrestrial world has a high climate inertia. In providing constraints on where giant planets cease to affect the habitable zone size in a detrimental fashion, we identify prime targets in the search for habitable worlds.
Toward Understanding the B[e] Phenomenon. VII. AS 386, a Single-lined Binary with a Candidate Black Hole Component
Authors: Khokhlov S. A. , Miroshnichenko A. S. , Zharikov S. V. , Manset N. , Arkharov A. A. , Efimova N. , Klimanov S. , Larionov V M. , Kusakin A. V. , Kokumbaeva R. I. , Omarov Ch. T. , Kuratov K. S. , Kuratova A. K. , Rudy R. J. , Laag E. A. , Crawford K. B. , Swift T. K. , Puetter R. C. , Perry R. B. , Chojnowski S. D. , Agishev A. , Caton D. B. , Hawkins R. L. , Smith A. B. , Reichart D. E. , Kouprianov V. V. , Haislip J. B.
Published: April 2018

We report the results of spectroscopic and photometric observations of the emission-line object AS 386. For the first time we found that it exhibits the B[e] phenomenon and fits the definition of an FS CMa type object. The optical spectrum shows the presence of a B-type star with the following properties: T
eff = 11,000 ± 500 K, log L/L
⊙ = 3.7 ± 0.3, a mass of 7 ± 1 M
⊙, and a distance D = 2.4 ± 0.3 kpc from the Sun. We detected regular radial velocity variations of both absorption and emission lines with the following orbital parameters: P
orb =131.27 ± 0.09 days, semiamplitude K
1 = 51.7 ± 3.0 km s−1, systemic radial velocity γ = −31.8 ± 2.6 km s−1, and a mass function of f(m) = 1.9 ± 0.3 M
⊙. AS 386 exhibits irregular variations of the optical brightness (V = 10.92 ± 0.05 mag), while the near-IR brightness varies up to ∼0.3 mag following the spectroscopic period. We explain this behavior by a variable illumination of the dusty disk inner rim by the B-type component. Doppler tomography based on the orbital variations of emission-line profiles shows that the material is distributed near the B-type component and in a circumbinary disk. We conclude that the system has undergone a strong mass transfer that created the circumstellar material and increased the B-type component mass. The absence of any traces of a secondary component, whose mass should be ≥7 M
⊙, suggests that it is most likely a black hole.
Ici et la notion de trajet
Authors: Vuillaume Marcel
Published: April 2018

Ici peut référer à des entités abstraites, qui, par définition, sont inaccessibles dans le contexte situationnel et doivent donc être représentées dans le discours. Ces référents peuvent être très divers : il peut s’agir de concepts, d’étapes d’un raisonnement et même de lieux concrets – à condition que l’on ne les localise pas dans l’espace à partir de l’occurrence d’ ici qui y réfère. Le propos de cette contribution est de montrer que le repérage de ces référents abstraits suppose l’émergence préalable de la représentation d’un parcours mental et ne devient donc possible que si au moins deux entités abstraites de même nature ont été mentionnées. Ici réfère alors à l’étape la plus récente de ce parcours, qui n’est pas nécessairement celle dont la mention est la plus proche de l’occurrence d’ ici .
Faire naître une nation moderne. Genre, orientalisme et hétéronationalisme en Iran au 19 e siècle
Authors: Direnberger Lucia
Published: April 2018

Résumé Cet article analyse les politiques sexuelles élaborées par les orientalistes français.e.s et celles déployées par les nationalistes modernistes iraniens au 19e siècle. Il repose sur une analyse de leurs productions scientifiques et littéraires et il restitue également leurs trajectoires sociales et intellectuelles. Une première partie interroge la construction des savoirs sur l’Iran au 19e siècle, et montre notamment l’effacement du rôle des élites iraniennes dans la constitution des savoirs orientalistes français au 19e siècle. Elle montre aussi le processus d’orientalisation du genre, à travers le trope du harem. Une deuxième partie explore les rhétoriques articulant l’enjeu de la modernisation de l’Iran à des politiques sexuelles ciblant de façon privilégiée les femmes, et conduisant à la formulation d’un hétéronationalisme au tournant du 20 e siècle.
Regards croisés sur les pratiques de communication parent-éducatrice en centre de la petite enfance au Québec
Authors: Leboeuf Michèle , Bouchard Caroline , Cantin Gilles
Published: April 2018

La présente étude de cas vise à décrire les pratiques de communication parent-éducatrice dans un centre de la petite enfance québécois. Les pratiques de communication sont d’abord examinées sous l’angle des perceptions des éducatrices et des parents, à partir du Questionnaire sur la communication parent-éducatrice (QCPE) (Coutu, Dubeau et Emard, 2009). Ces perceptions sont ensuite mises en relation avec l’observation non-participante d’une pratique de communication quotidienne, à savoir les interactions parent-éducatrice lors de l’accueil des enfants le matin et à leur départ en fin de journée, à partir de la procédure de Perlman et Fletcher (2012). Les résultats démontrent que les parents, tout comme les éducatrices, perçoivent leur communication mutuelle de manière positive. Les données observationnelles convergent avec ces perceptions, se démarquant favorablement de résultats rapportés dans des recherches antérieures. La discussion met notamment en lumière certains défis que pose la communication parent-éducatrice.
Relation professionnel-le-s/familles dans l’accueil des enfants de 0 à 3 ans : risques et potentiels des incertitudes
Authors: Sharmahd Nima , Pirard Florence
Published: April 2018

Alors que la littérature insiste sur le renforcement de la collaboration familles-professionnel-le-s et sur la capacité de ces dernières à négocier et penser les manières d’accueillir et d’éduquer de jeunes enfants, les professionnel-le-s soulignent, sur le terrain, leur difficulté à gérer quotidiennement leur relation avec les familles. Ils/Elles voudraient des solutions « rapides et standardisées », tout en reconnaissant que leur métier est aussi fait d’incertitudes. Cet article expose les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire collaborative menée en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB), basée sur des entretiens semi-dirigés dans le prolongement de travaux réalisés dans la région du Centre-Nord de l’Italie. Il fait apparaître des tensions vécues par les professionnel-le-s de la petite enfance dans leur relation avec les familles, en lien avec la notion de risques.
Que s’est-il passé aux premières lignes de la réforme de l’assistance sociale aux États-Unis ? Analyse des expériences des responsables de première ligne
Authors: Chang Hyunjoo
Published: April 2018

Dans le présent article, nous examinons la trajectoire de la réforme américaine de l’assistance sociale au travers de l’analyse des expériences des travailleurs de première ligne sur la base d’une approche fondée sur la théorie ancrée dans la pratique. Les principales inquiétudes concernaient les travailleurs pauvres et les programmes d’indépendance économique non élaborés. Ces problèmes étaient attribuables aux efforts de la législation en faveur du « travail d’abord » et à un déséquilibre des compétences, sans tenir compte de la qualité des emplois. Face à la réduction de l’aide sociale, on a adopté une approche généreuse à l’égard des clients des services sociaux en première ligne. Même si la faculté d’appréciation s’est traduite par la mise en œuvre d’initiatives locales plus nombreuses aux premières lignes, ces démarches ne répondaient pas fondamentalement aux besoins de la vie réelle des clients. Dans le présent article, nous soutenons que la qualité et la durabilité du travail sont des éléments essentiels, avant de mettre l’accent sur le « travail d’abord ». La mise en œuvre aux premières lignes doit davantage s’efforcer d’amener les employeurs à créer des mesures d’incitation en faveur du renforcement des compétences et d’encourager les clients à travailler. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Il est inévitable d’avoir un écart entre l’élaboration des politiques et leur mise en œuvre aux premières lignes, les besoins locaux ayant tendance à varier. Plus particulièrement, le point de vue des responsables de première ligne est intéressant pour tenir compte des différents besoins locaux et s’adapter aux différents intérêts des clients dans le processus d’amélioration de la réforme de l’assistance sociale au lieu de celui des décideurs fédéraux. Même si la faculté d’appréciation des responsables de première ligne est essentielle, on en sait moins sur la manière dont ils mettent en œuvre la réforme de l’assistance sociale et les enseignements qu’ils en ont tirés. Une étude qualitative de ces questions devrait par conséquent apporter des données de terrain susceptibles d’améliorer sa mise en œuvre afin d’aider les bénéficiaires, une question rarement étudiée dans la littérature.
Les festivals citoyens et la gouvernance collaborative
Authors: Cabral Sandro , Krane Dale
Published: April 2018

Les festivals citoyens constituent un formidable laboratoire pour l’étude de la gouvernance collaborative, ces événements étant omniprésents et caractérisés par des partenaires publics et privés, engagés dans une activité conjointe. Nous allons analyser les modèles actuels de gouvernance collaborative en prenant pour exemple le carnaval de Salvador, au Brésil, afin de déterminer s’ils s’appliquent au contexte des grands festivals citoyens. Notre analyse qualitative, qui s’appuie essentiellement sur le modèle d’Ansell et Gash (2008), indique que certaines constructions des modèles de gouvernance collaborative sont présentes. Nos résultats font toutefois apparaître d’autres facteurs ayant une influence sur le processus de collaboration, comme les relations informelles et le fondement du processus décisionnel. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que la confiance, un facteur habituellement considéré comme nécessaire à l’action collaborative, est sans doute moins importante que ne le laissent entendre les théories habituelles. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les grands festivals citoyens sont un formidable laboratoire pour l’étude de la collaboration interorganisationnelle, ces événements faisant habituellement intervenir une série d’acteurs publics et privés, qui travaillent de manière interdépendante. Notre étude fait apparaître certains facteurs qui n’ont pas été abordés dans les précédentes recherches et qui influencent la dynamique de la collaboration. Nous observons que les interactions répétées entre les experts techniques peuvent favoriser les réseaux de collaboration informels (et effectifs) et permettre d’éviter les problèmes engendrés par les conflits politiques. Les fondements sur la base desquels les décisions sont prises sont aussi des facteurs importants pour améliorer la collaboration. Nous constatons que la confiance, un facteur habituellement considéré comme nécessaire à l’action collaborative, est sans doute moins importante que ne le laissent entendre les théories habituelles.
Effects of Patient Care Unit Design and Technology on Nurse and Patient Care Technician Communication
Authors: Beck Mary S. , Doscher Mindy
Published: April 2018

The current study described RN and patient care technician (PCT) communication in centralized and hybrid decentralized workstation designs using hands-free communication technology and infrared locator badge technology to facilitate communication. New construction of an oncology unit provided the opportunity to compare staff communication in two different workstation designs. Observations and questionnaires compared nurse and PCT communication in the two-unit designs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the differences. The hybrid decentralized unit had increased use of hands-free communication technology and hallway communication by nurses and PCTs, and increased patient room communication by nurses. Perceptions of communication between nurses and PCTs and congruency of priorities for care were similar for both units. The locator badge technology had limited adoption. Replacement of nurse workstations with new construction or remodeling impact staff communication patterns, necessitating that nurse leaders understand the impact of design and technology on communication. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(4), 17–22.]
Deconstructing Racial Stigma in the Therapeutic Relationship
Authors: Billingsley Katrina Y. , Corey Donté R.
Published: April 2018

This chapter seeks to deconstruct racial stigma of mental illness held by counselors within the therapeutic relationship. The authors will provide counselors with practical tools that will help them work through their own prejudices, discriminations, and stereotypes about people of color and mental illness. This chapter will provide background information on stigma, specifically racial stigma, the process for incorporating theoretical variation in clinical work, and its importance. Additionally, the authors will explore best practices that will help counselors obtain the knowledge and skills needed to effectively work with a variety of clients who are racially and ethnically diverse.
Understanding the Nature of Stigma Communication Associated With Mental Illness in Africa
Authors: Kimotho Stephen Gichuhi
Published: April 2018

Besides health and social costs, mentally ill, often, are also victims of stigma and discrimination, among many communities in Africa. Cultural beliefs, stereotypes are some of the social constructions used to perpetuate mental illness stigma. The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of stigma communication associated with mental illness, beliefs and stereotypes underpinning mental illness stigma. Generally, the findings indicate nature of mental illness stigma communication is an intersection of stigma messages, cultural beliefs, and stereotypes associated with mental illness. Cultural beliefs associated with mental illness are inextricably intertwined with the perceived causes of mental illness (which include curses, witchcraft, cultural misdemeanor, and possession by spirits or demons). Symptoms of mental illness (mainly aggression and nudity) mark the mentally ill as different and expose them to labeling by the rest of the community. Generally, the mentally ill are stereotyped as aggressive, symbol of shame, and unpredictable.