bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Termik Güç Santrali ve Fotovoltaik Güneş Enerji Sisteminden Oluşan Güç Sisteminde Üstel PI Denetleyici ile Sekonder Frekans Regülasyonu
Authors: Çelik Emre
Published: April 2024

Güç üretimi ve yük talebi arasında yaşanan bir uyumsuzluk frekans ve bağlantı hattı güç tepkilerinde arzu edilmeyen salınımlara neden olur. Bu salınımlar güç sisteminin güvenirliğini/güvenliğini, üretilen enerjinin kalitesini ve son kullanıcıları yakından etkilemektedirler. Tüketime uygun üretimin gerçekleştirilmesinde sekonder frekans regülasyonu (SFR) kaçınılmaz bir kontrol tekniğidir. Bu çalışmada enterkonnekte bir güç sisteminde SFR performansının artırılması için üstel PI denetleyicisi önerilmiştir. Denetleyici parametrelerinin optimum ayarı için işlemsel zekâ tekniklerinden yılan arama algoritmasından (YAA) faydalanılmıştır. Böylece denetleyici parametreleri zaman ağırlıklı mutlak hatanın integral (ITAE) değeri en az yapılacak şekilde uzman bilgisine gerek duyulmadan optimum şekilde araştırılmıştır. YAA tabanlı üstel PI denetleyicinin alana katkısını doğrulamak amacıyla literatürdeki çalışmalarla karşılaştırmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elden edilen sonuçlardan önerilen yöntem ile sistem performansının frekans ve bağlantı hattı güç tepkilerindeki osilasyon, oturma süresi, maksimum pozitif/negatif aşım ve ITAE değerleri bakımından iyileştiği anlaşılmıştır.
Evaluasi Reliabilitas Model Struktur dan Level Kinerja dari Bangunan Baja Eksisting Akibat Beban Gempa
Authors: Siregar Hariman , Aswin Muhammad , Syam Bustami
Published: April 2024

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perancangan struktur bangunan adalah kekuatan, yaitu berkaitan dengan keamanan dan ketahanan bangunan dalam menahan atau menerima beban-beban yang bekerja pada struktur tersebut. Dalam perancangan struktur khususnya struktur bangunan struktur baja harus dirancang dengan memperhatikan pengaruh gempa terhadap struktur tersebut agar bangunan tersebut dapat digunakan dengan nyaman dan aman. Analisis pushover struktur bangunan merupakan salah satu metode analisis statik nonlinier, dimana pengaruh gempa terencana terhadap struktur bangunan dianggap sebagai beban statik yang menangkap pusat massa setiap lantai, yang nilainya dinaikkan secara bertahap hingga melebihi nilai yang ditentukan. beban yang menyebabkan luluh. sambungan plastik) pertama pada struktur bangunan. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan parkir transformasi Sarinah di Jakarta. Berdasarkan analisis respon spektral dengan bantuan program ETABS v.21, bangunan tersebut telah dapat diandalkan terhadap peraturan terkini. Model struktur bangunan diuji faktor ketidakteraturan horizontal dan vertikal, perbedaan tingkat, efek P-Delta, rasio tegangan elemen balok dan kolom, rasio Kuat Kolom-Balok Lemah (SC-WB) dan tingkat kinerja struktur melalui analisis pushover, semuanya memenuhi persyaratan. Tingkat kinerja yang diperoleh adalah Damage Control (DO) yang berarti bangunan masih mampu menahan gempa yang terjadi dan resiko korban jiwa sangat kecil
Establishing a fish repository at Ege University Faculty of Fisheries (1965-2023): A Journey on a long and challenging road to becoming a museum
Authors: Bayhan Bahar , Akalın Sencer , Akçınar Salim C. , Taylan Burcu , Kaya Murat , Taşkavak Ertan , Özaydın Okan , Sever Tuncay M. , Salman Alp , Gürkan Şule , İlhan Dilek , Uygun Orçin , Altay Burak
Published: April 2024

This study examined preserved marine fish specimens collected from numerous field surveys conducted along Türkiye’s Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean, and Mediterranean coasts since 1965. Our review and categorization of these materials revealed that the specimens belong to 360 species from 131 families. Current data shows that the museum collection includes 20 species of cartilaginous fish and 8 species of bony fish listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, alongside 54 non-native fish species. Prepared according to museum standards by Ege University Fisheries Faculty’s Scientific Material (ESFM), this collection of Turkish marine fish constitutes 66% of all Turkish marine fish fauna. This makes it the largest and oldest marine fish collection in Türkiye. Considering Türkiye’s maritime borders with neighboring countries, this collection is significant nationally and globally. Given the diverse marine fish species in Turkish seas over the past half-century, this preserved material is a vital reference for local and foreign ichthyologists. If organized and transformed into a visitable museum, this extensive collection could raise awareness about the diversity of marine fish species in our seas. As a result, we have established the ” biological repository of Turkish Marine Fish Department” in the Faculty Museum, now known as the Fisheries Faculty’s Scientific Material (ESFM) at Ege University. We present the fish in the collection as a species list.
Studi Perancangan Kursi Dingklik Ergonomis untuk Montir Bengkel Resmi "X"
Authors: Agustin Evelyn , Valentino Michael , Anggrayani N. Clara , Napitu Ruben Baraja Eglesias
Published: April 2024

Bengkel resmi adalah tempat kerja yang memberikan perhatian khusus pada kesehatan dan produktivitas para montir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bengkel resmi "X", yang terletak di Jl. MP. Mangkunegara No.14-15, Bukit Sangkal, Kecamatan Kalidoni, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kursi dingklik ergonomis untuk montir di bengkel resmi "X". Tujuan spesifiknya adalah mengkaji keluhan para montir, mengamati postur kerja dan menentukan dimensi tubuh yang digunakan sebagai dimensi ukuran kursi dingklik. Bukti dari evaluasi RULA menunjukkan skor sebesar 7. Oleh karena itu, metode Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD) digunakan untuk merancang produk yang optimal serta memastikan kenyamanan pengguna di stasiun kerja bengkel "X". Dalam perancangan stasiun kerja bengkel yang ergonomis, perhitungan antropometri sangatlah penting. Dengan mempertimbangkan lebar alas kursi dingklik yang diperkirakan sebesar 42,81 cm dan tinggi kursi yang dapat disesuaikan antara 30,62 hingga 37,98 cm, serta panjang alas kursi sekitar 43,46 cm dengan sandaran punggung mencapai 50,96 cm, kursi dingklik yang dapat disesuaikan ini dirancang untuk memberikan dukungan optimal kepada pengguna dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan fisik dan ergonomis pekerja.
The Conventional Oil-Water Separator as A Polluter Due to Lack of Maintenance – A Case Study
Authors:   Delta State University, Abraka, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Oleh Campus, Oleh,Delta State, Nigeria, (PhD) William E. Odiete
Published: April 2024

In addition to the common knowledge that lack of maintenance of conventional oil-water separators causes release of excessive amounts of oil in the effluent wastewater, this study has revealed that excessive amounts of other pollutants are released alongside the oil. The disappearance of fishes from a stream in the Niger Delta after the continual discharge of the wastewater of a company prompted this study. The company has a conventional oil-water separator but no maintenance was done on it, five months after commissioning. Research methods include sampling of the effluent wastewater for a period of two weeks (ten working days) and analysis of the wastewater for pH, oil & grease content, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sulfate and chloride contents. Results showed that the concentration of total dissolved solids was consistently less than the regulatory limit but much higher than the concentration obtained at the commissioning of the separator. Results showed that the oil & grease content, chloride, sulfate and total suspended solids concentrations were consistently higher than the regulatory limits and also much higher than the concentrations obtained at the commissioning of the separator. Results showed that the pH values of the effluent wastewater were consistently outside the optimum range for survival of aquatic life. Monthly maintenance of the separator and further treatment of its effluent wastewater were recommended for protection of the environment and public health.
Diabetes Leading to Kidney Disease: A Review
Authors:   Professor and Principal, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana – 501401 Orcid Number: 0000-0003-1746-2167, Rao T. Rama , Namratha J. ,   Department of Pharm. D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana – 501401
Published: April 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, and it represents a significant risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between diabetes and kidney disease, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions.
Contribution of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Rwanda (1992-2022)
Authors:   Lecturer of Economics at the Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, Elie Mr. HABAKURAMA , Francine Mr. MUKANYANDWI ,   Lecturer of Economics at the Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of changes in population size on economic growth in Rwanda between 1992 and 2022. The research methodology involves the use of secondary data from World Bank development indicators. The key variables analysed include population size, gross capital formation expenditure, and gross domestic product growth rate. A multivariate time series analysis was used to examine the impact of population on economic growth in this study. Diagnostic tests were conducted, and the results indicated that the model was sound. The variables were not significantly affected by heteroskedasticity and serial correlation problems. During the unit root test, it was found that all variables were stationary at the level using intercept and trend. This led to the use of the Ordinary Least Square model. The findings reveal a complex relationship between population dynamics, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Rwanda. The R-squared value was found to be close to one, indicating that population growth and gross capital formation explain economic growth to the greatest extent. The findings from the study showed that population has negative relationship with economic growth. Gross capital formation also plays a crucial role in driving economic growth by facilitating investment activities across different sectors.
A Comprehensive Review of Couvelaire Uterus: Diagnosis, and Management
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Hospital General Zona Norte Puebla. San Pedro, Puebla, Mexico., Martínez Laura Leticia Torres , Gloria Joanna Paola Morales ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Hospital General Zona Norte Puebla. San Pedro, Puebla, Mexico., Altamirano Ricardo Daniel Flores ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Hospital General Zona Norte Puebla. San Pedro, Puebla, Mexico., Cruz Gabriela Rojas ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Hospital General Zona Norte Puebla. San Pedro, Puebla, Mexico., Avalos Omar Alejandro Leal ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Hospital General Zona Norte Puebla. San Pedro, Puebla, Mexico.
Published: April 2024

Couvelaire uterus, also known as uteroplacental apoplexy or Couvelaire syndrome, is a rare and serious complication of pregnancy characterized by the extravasation of blood into the myometrium and the formation of a hematoma between the myometrium and the placenta. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of Couvelaire uterus. We discuss the etiology and risk factors associated with the condition, as well as its potential complications and outcomes. Additionally, we outline the various diagnostic modalities available, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and describe the current management strategies, which often involve close monitoring and, in severe cases, surgical intervention. By highlighting the key aspects of Couvelaire uterus, this review seeks to enhance clinicians' understanding of this rare condition and improve patient outcomes.
Community’s Expectations Challenged by Anomie in Anglophone African Literature
Authors:   Université Marien Ngouabi (Brazzaville/Congo), Judicaël ELE Rodrigue
Published: April 2024

This article investigates African societal values with a particular accent on Ibo regarding marriage. There are several criteria of marriage from The Slave Girl, Things Fall Apart, The Bride Price and No Longer at Ease and the sociological, sociolinguistic and anthropological approaches will be applied. This paper undermines three rules governing marriage amongst Ibo notably no marriage between a free person with a slave, the bride price observation and the childbearing necessity. Any attempt to violate the three aforementioned marriage principles is viewed as anomie.
Remembering what it Means to be Scientific, (Because Some of us Appear to have Forgotten)
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Florida, USA, Wallace David Bryan
Published: April 2024

In the now distant past, prevailing systems of natural philosophy relied all to often on fanciful guessing and the mere citing of authorities to establish truths of science, (e. g., Aristotle or ecclesiastical authority.) For centuries now, knowledge of nature, to be deemed scientific, must derive from observation, not from abstract reasoning.
On the Magnetic Charge of an Electron and the Generalized Electrodynamic Forces
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Russia, Yaroslav Klyushin
Published: April 2024

In the late 90s of XX century the author proposed a concept describing an electric charge as a rotating mass. Such a description makes it possible to exclude the Coulomb quantity from the system SI and to describe all electrodynamic quantities in mechanical dimensions. According to the dimensionality, a magnetic charge is an electric charge divided by the speed of light. In the 10s of the 21st century, the authors of this article proposed a generalization of the traditional system of Maxwell’s equations in the context of a mechanical description of electromagnetic quantities. The generalized system has a solution for single charges. From these solutions, one can construct the energy and momentum of the interaction of two electrons. In this case, the electron is the unit of two principles: the electric and the magnetic. The gradient of the interaction energy gives the interaction force of the electric charges of the electrons, and the time derivative of the interaction momentum gives the interaction force of the magnetic charges of two electrons. A formal description of these forces completes the article.
Is Quantization a Co-Operative Phenomenon? On the Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Physics
Authors:   Independent Researcher, 111 Stolberger Strasse, D-50933 Cologne, Germany, Marquardt Peter
Published: April 2024

A fresh look at Planck's quantum, h, re-interprets action as the companion of power in a dynamic interplay of energies in a multi particle system of the micro world. An exchange of energy, δE, requires a characteristic duration, δτ, with δE and δτ tied together in a natural way. Action, the product δEδτ, must have a nonzero lower limit, h, as a classical necessity everywhere in physics. Zero h would constitute a singularity. The veritable quantum is action, not energy. Black body radiation formulas (Wien, Planck, and Rayleigh) all require this non zero h. Planck's thermodynamic approach was not consistently developed further. Einstein in his 1905 description of the photo effect chose the single "quantum of light" as statistically independent actor in radiation. The resulting discussions about the wave-particle dualism, the meaning of uncertainty, the collapse of wave packets when observed, self-interference, and related problems can be avoided by the consistent view of the ensemble interpretation. In agreement with action defined as δEδτ only co-operative phenomena produce the effects we observe. In particular, this concerns the photon, directly associated with h, as naturally interactive quantum. Careful experiments on low intensity interference suggest to take the photon out of the isolation, thus changing the general view of quantum physics with surprising consequences. Do photons transport energy or action? To understand where 20th century physics has gone a glance at the historical background is in order.
To evaluate the role of interleukin-6 in alopecia areata
Authors: Wali Muhammad Sobia , Pirzado Muhammad Suleman
Published: April 2024

Objective: To investigate the level of interleukin-6 in alopecia areata patients.
Method: The exploratory study was conducted from September to December 2021 at the Sindh Institute of Skin Disease, Karachi, and comprised alopecia areata patients regardless of age and gender in group A, while healthy controls matched for age and gender formed group B. Alopecia areata classification and severity were done using the Severity of Alopecia Tool. Serum interleukin-6 was measured using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. Data was analysed using R statistical software v4.2.1.
Results: Of the 100 subjects, 50(50%) with mean age 15.52+/-10.14 years were cases in group A; 26(52%) females with mean age 16.78±10.77 years, and 24(48%) males with mean age 16.44±10.3 years. The remaining 50(50%) were controls in group B. Interleukin-6 concentration was significantly higher in group A (p<0.05). The concentration was not significantly different between the genders (p>0.05). The concentration was the highest in patients aged 11-20 years, followed by 21-30 years, 31-40 years and 1-10 years.
Conclusion: The concentration of circulatory pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 was significantly higher in alopecia areata patients than in the healthy controls.
Key Words: Alopecia areata, Autoimmune, Cytokines, Interleukin-6, Skin disease.
‘Retatruide’ drug trial: A paradigm shift in Type 2 Diabetes management
Authors: Abbas Zainab , Saleem Rubaisha
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic medical condition characterised by persistent hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function. Typically, it occurs in individuals aged 45 and above, but due to the growing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, it is increasingly being diagnosed in younger adults and adolescents. A positive family history of T2DM and specific genes such as TCF7L2 and PPARG also play an essential role.[1] Consequently, persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 DM can give rise to a range of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy and macrovascular complications such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases.
T2DM accounts for 90% of the cases of diabetes, raising concern among the healthcare sector worldwide. In 2017, approximately 462 million individuals were affected by type 2 DM, accounting for 6.28% of the world’s population. By 2030, it is estimated that the global prevalence will rise to 7079 individuals per 100,000.[2]
To prevent the complications caused by T2DM, it is essential to prioritize glycemic control. First and foremost, effective dietary control is pivotal. It has been established that obesity in individuals with T2DM is closely associated with insulin resistance and defects in insulin secretions thus managing the calorie intake is mandatory. However, pharmacologic intervention with oral glucose-lowering agents or insulin therapy is necessary when the patient’s blood glucose doesn’t fall within normal limits despite weight reduction, exercise and dietary modifications.
The first line pharmacological agent used is Metformin, an oral medication that reduces glucose production in the liver. Additionally, insulin secretagogues such as sulfonylureas and glinides promote insulin release by stimulating beta cells. Thiazolidinediones is another example of an oral agent used to treat diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake by the muscle, liver and adipose tissue.[3]
Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that the Incretin effect, responsible for stimulating insulin secretion after meals, is primarily mediated by gut-derived incretin hormones known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). However, patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly exhibit defects in this process. To address this issue, in addition to oral medications, injectable drugs such as RA-GLP1 (Semaglutide, Dulaglutide) are administered to emulate the actions of human GLP-1 effectively. These injectable treatments are vital in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and have become indispensable in managing T2DM.
---Continue
Emergence of Naegleria fowleri as a fatal parasite in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sharmeen , Shazia Rahim  , Muhammad Faraz  , Syed Muhammad Hassan
Published: April 2024

Madam,
Naegleria fowleri, a life-threatening flagellate, causes a fulminating disease called Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) which rapidly becomes fatal. The symptoms of PAM include headache, vomiting, stiff neck, seizures, and cerebral haemorrhages, eventually leading to death within 48 hours after the onset. The discovery of the first case of Naegleriasis in the US has led to considerable attention to research towards it. Since then, 39 other countries have fallen prey to the brain-eating parasite with Pakistan being the 2nd most affected country after the Southern US (1). Statistically, Pakistan recorded 105 deaths from PAM exclusively from 2008-2017 with the highest yearly toll of 22 registered deaths solely in 2012 (2).
The aforementioned concerning facts raise a noteworthy inquiry: Why is N. fowleri becoming increasingly fatal in Pakistan? Substandard primary prevention and misdiagnosis of PAM appear to be the primary factors at play.
In Pakistan, inadequate chlorination of swimming pools, storage of water in overhead tanks exceeding the temperature of 44°C and improper sanitation of drinking water are primary factors fuelling the spread of the thermophilic parasite. The mounting rise in global warming, severe heat waves and newfound resistance to drugs are the latest contributing factors to the escalating mortality rates due to N. fowleri. It is, however, noteworthy that the leading predisposing cause of PAM in Pakistan is ablution with tap water while a history of swimming/diving is essentially absent in most clinical scenarios. Amphotericin B and Miltefosine show positive results against PAM, however, further research is needed to conclude their effectivity (3). Vaccines play a vital role in therapeutic interventions and can help prevent the spread of N. fowleri (4). However, due to lack of resources and funding, Pakistan has failed to be on the front lines in the development of the vaccine.
The misdiagnosis of PAM can be considered as yet another pillar of inadequate secondary prevention (5). It is due to the close resemblance of the clinical picture with Acute Bacterial Meningitis (ABM) which is far more widespread and requires an entirely different approach towards management. Secondly, a prevalent occurrence among patients is to inadvertently or intentionally omit vital information while providing medical history which leads to oversight of details like recent recreational water activities (6). The short incubation period of the disease also highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis.
---Continue
Advancements in immunotherapy for glomerulonephritis: promising treatments on the horizon
Authors: Muhammad Bin Mobin  , Zafar Habiba
Published: April 2024

Madam,
Over the years, glomerulonephritis management has been predominantly reliant on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. However, emerging research on targeted immunotherapies, such as biologics and monoclonal antibodies, has shown remarkable potential in halting the disease progression and promoting remission in certain glomerular disorders [1]. Glomerulonephritis, characterised by the inflammation of glomeruli, poses a significant burden on the health system of low-income countries. A study revealed that glomerulonephritis is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in developing countries, and it affects at least 21% of the adult population in Pakistan [2]. The emergence of novel immunotherapeutic approaches may revolutionise treatment outcomes, offering new hopes for patients suffering from this complex and challenging kidney disorder in Pakistan.
An extensive study assessed the role of Belimumab, a B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor, in patients with lupus nephritis. The monoclonal antibody, Belimumab showed promising outcomes in patients with lupus [3]. Another recent study revealed that rituximab, a monoclonal antibody to CD20 can be used for patients suffering from ANCA Glomerulonephritis or also in patients with steroid resistance [4]. These findings demonstrated a substantial reduction in proteinuria and in increased remission rates following rituximab therapy, highlighting its potential as a promising treatment option. According to a current study, dealing with glomerulonephritis in low-resource setting areas in Pakistan is very challenging as it's only limited to tertiary care hospitals [5].
As the landscape of glomerulonephritis management evolves, it is crucial to encourage further research and clinical trials to establish immunotherapies' long-term efficacy and safety. Collaborative efforts among nephrologists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies can drive the development of personalized treatment strategies, optimising patient care and outcomes. In conclusion, immunotherapy for glomerulonephritis holds immense promise, with encouraging results emerging from research conducted in Pakistan and around the globe. The government should build some nephrology centres in areas devoid of tertiary settings so the patients can be treated on time.  As we move toward an era of precision medicine, harnessing the potential of immunotherapeutic agents in glomerulonephritis treatment represents a beacon of hope for patients seeking effective and targeted therapies.
Concerns and Considerations: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Pakistan and Reusable Laryngoscopes
Authors: Ahmed Maheen , Ahmed Misha
Published: April 2024

The world witnessed a transition to single-use laryngoscopes from reusable laryngoscopes with the rise of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Hill et al. found CJD in tonsillar tissue. (1) Another study reported laryngoscope blades contaminated with lymphocytes after routine laryngoscopy. (2) It is known that prions resist conventional sterilisation techniques. This raises the concern that if a laryngoscope is used on a patient incubating CJD, we could transmit it to the next patient.
In Pakistan the usage of reusable laryngoscope is common. Another concern of note is the emerging cases of CJD in our country. A few cases have been reported. (3) Khan et al. did a retrospective review and found 11 cases labelled CJD. (4) Estimating the disease burden of CJD in our country will only be possible if additional institutions can report suspected or encountered cases. It is conceivable that the disease is either genuinely rare or underreported. With a precise estimate of the disease burden, it is easier to determine whether we need a change in practice.
Another factor to consider is the environmental footprint of single-use devices. Reusable laryngoscopes produce lower ecological emissions. (5) Lastly, institutions may have to conduct cost assessments comparing the expenses of single-use equipment with labour and cleaning processes associated with reusable equipment, survey their current anaesthetic equipment, and sterilisation practices. We can then determine whether aligning with global standards is the optimal path forward or if the country's existing approach adequately addresses patient and environmental safety concerns.
Evaluating the association of childhood sexual abuse with the development of irritable bowel syndrome later in life - a systematic review
Authors: Muhammad Umer Junaid  , Asad Saulat Fatimi  , Hareem Rauf  , Muhammad Taha Nasim  , Jawed Kinza , Kishwar Enam
Published: April 2024

Objective: To review available medical literature to elucidate the association between childhood sexual abuse and the development of irritable bowel syndrome later in life.
Method: This systematic review was conducted from January to August 2022 and comprised a literature search on Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies published between 2001 and 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to determine the quality of the studies. Data on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome were meta-analysed using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model in RevMan 5.4.1.
Results: Of the 7 observational studies analyzed in detail, 5 (71.4%) had a case-control design, and 2 (28.6%) were cross-sectional studies. Overall, there were 3156 subjects. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the childhood sexual abuse group was 51.86% (334/644), while it was 36.74% (923/2512) in the non-childhood sexual abuse group. The pooled odds ratio, indicating the association between childhood sexual abuse and irritable bowel syndrome, was 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.56-2.26). The study quality was rated as good in 3 (42.8%) cases, fair in 3 (42.8%), and poor in 1 (14.3%).
Conclusion: Childhood sexual abuse was found to be significantly associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome later in life, further strengthening the argument that childhood sexual abuse can lead to long-term detriments extending into adulthood. However, there was no existing literature found that stratified other aspects of irritable bowel syndrome, including symptom severity and childhood sexual abuse being the exclusive cause of irritable bowel syndrome.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of faculty and postgraduates toward Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in dental care
Authors: Bagher Sara Mustafa , Sabbagh Heba Jafar , Baik Alaa Mohammad , Bagher Amina Mustafa
Published: April 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in resin-based dental materials and is categorised as an endocrine-disrupting compound. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward the use of BPA among faculty members and postgraduate students. In this descriptive study, a validated self-administered questionnaire was used, and 204 dentists were included, with a response rate of 56.2%. The findings revealed that faculty members had significantly better knowledge (P=0.024) and practice (P=0.036) and more positive attitudes (P=0.024) toward BPA exposure. Regression analysis showed a significantly positive effect of attending a workshop/lecture or reading an article about BPA on the participants’ total mean knowledge (P<0.001) and practice scores (P<0.001). Furthermore, faculty members showed a significantly more positive attitude (P<0.001) toward BPA exposure. These results emphasise the importance of increased awareness and education concerning BPA exposure to ensure optimal dental care.
Keywords: Attitude, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Composite resins, Knowledge, Professional practice.
Comparison of the effect of propolis and Gluma desensitizer on the management of dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shah Marina , Ahmed Jat Shahbaz , Aziz Munazza
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare the effect of propolis and gluma desensitisers on the management of dentin hypersensitivity.
Method: The single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2020 to September 2021, and comprised patients with dentin hypersensitivity who had pain scores of at least 2 on the visual analogue scale. The teeth were randomised into propolis group A and Gluma group B. Baseline pain scores were assessed using visual analogue scale and Schiff's sensitivity scores and compared with scores immediately after the intervention, and then after one week and one month of the intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 22 patients, 12(54.5%) were females and 10(45.4%) were males. Of the 80 teeth, there were 40(50%) in each of the 2 groups. Significant reduction was observed in dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the application of the desensitising agents (p<0.05). However, after one month, Gluma was more effective than propolis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both Gluma and propolis were found to be effective desensitising agents, but the effectiveness of propolis decreased over one month.
Clinical Trial Number: Clinical Trials.gov: NCT04819867.
Key Words: Dentin hypersensitivity, Desensitizing agent, Gluma desensitiser, Propolis.
Assessment of cardiac parameters after the administration of nicorandil before primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ilyas Maria , Mudassar Noor  , Saleha Haroon  , Kulsoom Farhat  , Shabana Ali  , Maheen Wahid
Published: April 2024

Objectives: To assess cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase-myocardial band levels, electrocardiogram changes and major adverse cardiac events after treatment with nicorandil before primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods: The comparative, analytical study was conducted from October to November 2022 at the Pharmacology Department of Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in collaboration with the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi. The sample comprised ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients of either gender aged at least 30 years with an ejection fraction of at least 35% undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Participants were selected based on the above-mentioned inclusion and informed consent was taken before their enrolment in this research study. The sample was randomised into control group A receiving conventional acute coronary syndrome treatment, and intervention group B receiving nicorandil in addition to the conventional treatment. Cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase-myocardial band levels, electrocardiogram changes, and major adverse cardiac events noted and compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 140 patients, 70(50%) were in each of the 2 groups. In group B, 60(85.7%) patients achieved a completely settled ST segment on electrocardiogram compared to 25(35.7%) in group A (p=0.001). There was a significant inter-group differences with respect to cardiac troponin I value 6 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention and major adverse cardiac events (p<0.05), but creatine kinase-myocardial band level was no significantly different between the groups (p=0.761).
Conclusion: Prophylactic use of nicorandil in ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients decreased the incidence of reperfusion injury.
Key Words: Nicorandil, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Ischaemic reperfusion injury.
Data to Decisions: Optimizing E-commerce Sales Potential with Analytics
Authors: Revelle Akshara  , Dr. Ajay Jain
Published: April 2024

Descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics play crucial roles in optimizing the performance and user experience of an e-commerce site. Descriptive analytics involves examining historical data to gain insights into past performance, enabling businesses to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies. This analysis helps in understanding what has happened, such as identifying popular products or peak sales periods, and provides a foundation for further analysis. Diagnostic analytics goes beyond descriptive analytics by examining why certain events occurred, identifying factors that influenced outcomes, and uncovering strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement within an e-commerce platform. Predictive analytics utilizes statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to forecast future trends and outcomes, enabling businesses to anticipate customer preferences, demand for specific products, and potential sales opportunities. By leveraging predictive insights, e-commerce sites can adjust strategies, inventory levels, and marketing campaigns proactively to stay ahead of the competition and meet evolving customer needs. Prescriptive analytics takes predictive insights to the next level by recommending specific actions or strategies to optimize business processes and achieve desired outcomes. This could involve personalized product recommendations, targeted marketing strategies, or dynamic pricing adjustments based on real-time data analysis. By harnessing these four types of analytics, e-commerce businesses can make informed, data-driven decisions, enhance customer experiences, drive sales growth, and maximize profitability.
CuO Nano Leaves Based Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Interface for Glucose Sensing
Authors: V.S. Nanjundappa  , Prakash H R  , K Suresh Kumar  , T Ramakrishnappa
Published: April 2024

Copper oxide nanoleaves have attracted a lot of interest as potential components for electrochemical glucose sensors. Their distinctive structural features, including as a high surface-to-volume ratio and a customized shape, improve their electrocatalytic activities and increase the sensitivity and selectivity of glucose detection. An overview of the synthesis processes, structural characteristics, and electrochemical capabilities of copper oxide nanoleaves for glucose sensing applications are given in this abstract. Their prospective incorporation into portable and miniaturized sensor platforms is also examined, underlining the important contributions they have made to the field of point-of-care diagnostics and continuous glucose monitoring for diabetics.
Curricular Adaptations for the learning of mathematical concepts in students with intellectual educational needs
Authors: Mendoza Sanchez Wendy Fabiola
Published: April 2024

Education is a fundamental right in a person's life, without distinction or conditions. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a didactic proposal of curricular adaptations for the learning of mathematical concepts in students with intellectual educational needs. In this context, a qualitative anddescriptive study took students with this condition and educational teachers as study individuals. The results obtained in the diagnosis externalized the importance of applying adaptations depending on the degree of complexity presented by each student. In this way, a proposal is presented that contributes to improving the teaching-learning process of young people with intellectual disabilities in different degrees and that allows them to strengthen fundamental mathematical concepts to include them in their daily activities and the environment that surrounds them.
MODERN SLAVERY AND THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET DYNAMICS
Authors: COZMA Oana-Maria
Published: April 2024

Many people think of slavery as a matter of the past with little relevance to today's world. But nonetheless, this institution continues to constitute a thriving research field for sociologists, historians, and economists. The present paper examines the issue of modern slavery as related to forced labour and labour exploitation, analyses the labour legislation of the European Union, and gathers several cases of forced labour/ labour exploitation involving Romanian workers. The purpose of the present paper is achieved using content analysis, a qualitative research method. The results suggested that, despite the European Union's extensive labour regulations, it still encounters situations of forced labour/ labour exploitation where basic worker rights and protection are not upheld; the findings highlight the need for greater consideration, further research, and solutions for this issue, together with special concern towards the clear distinctions between forced labour and labour exploitation.
EUROPEAN'S YOUTH RESILIENCE: FROM UNIVERSITY TO THE LABOR MARKET
Authors: PATRICHE Miruna
Published: April 2024

2022 was declared the European year of Youth and in this context, the role of universities as disseminators of knowledge and creators of the future workforce is very important. This paper seeks to address several questions regarding the correlation between R&D, the existence of qualified work force, the innovation degree, and the adaptability of universities to labour market requirements. While underlying the role of human capital in ensuring regional development, the significance of research and innovation in stimulating the resilience of universities is also emphasized, giving an overview on the Romanian case. In the article, some comparisons between Romania and the rest of the EU member states, related to young generation, are described.
RISK FACTORS FOR A RESILIENT ECONOMIC GROWTH POST COVID-19
Authors: PRELIPCEAN Gabriela , PIŢU Diana Georgiana
Published: April 2024

Economic growth, as many other economic phenomenon, has been deeply affected by COVID-19, several effects being still unknown or poor scientifically researched due to the complexity of the epidemiological situation. Resilience, defined as the ability to deal with adversity, withstand shocks and continuously adapt and accelerate as disruptions and crises arise, has become a new fundamental dimension of the current world economy, implicitly for economic growth, and it is threatened by a series of risk factors. Our analytical study projects these factors from the scientific researcher perspective and establishes five directions of investigation. Our purpose is to bring to the forefront the main risks that affect a resilient economic growth and to identify how resilience impacts annual GDP growth. To reach the goals of this research, we opted for a qualitative method using a general-to-private approach. Among the main risk factors identified are inflation, labour market, energy price, investment decisions, external demand.
BEYOND THE BALLOT BOX: THE MEANING AND SUBSTANCE OF DEMOCRACY
Authors: RELI Alban
Published: April 2024

This paper seeks to make a theoretical contribution to the concept of democracy. The conceptualization of democracy is a widely linked with periodic elections that allow citizens to choose their leaders. However, this paper argues that democracy is more than just a matter of holding elections every few years. This narrow definition overlooks the substance and meaning of democracy, which encompasses a broad range of values and principles beyond the mere act of voting. In particular, the paper highlights three key dimensions of democracy that are critical for its meaningfulness: (1) participation and empowerment, (2) transparency and accountability, and (3) deliberation and collaboration. Through a review of existing literature, the paper demonstrates that these dimensions are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and contribute to a more robust and sustainable democracy. The paper concludes by arguing that while elections are an important component of democracy, they are not an end in themselves, but rather one of the many tools that can help facilitate and reinforce a meaningful democracy.
THE LOGIC OF EU NORMATIVE POWER IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors: SHEHI Reina Zenelaj , MELANI Ingrit
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on comprehending the political logic behind how the EU's normative power is manifested in its engagements within the region. It's evident that numerous studies emphasize the dual role of EU conditionality in the membership criteria for Western Balkan countries, illustrating both normative unity in foreign policy and a complex interaction between interests and norm adaptation. This highlights the intricate nature of the EU's approach in the Western Balkans. The study is grounded in the semi - realist perspective, which argues that democracy norm promotion and peace building constitutes a relevant, but secondary foreign policy aim. It aligns with scholars from various viewpoints who suggest that EU democracy promotion is more strategically motivated for enhancing national security rather than strict ideational diffusion. Instead of a Kantian cosmopolitan approach, the EU's normative power is seen resembling Hobbesian normative homogenization. We argue that striving for a normatively homogenous Europe through ideational diffusion yields varied outcomes in different regions due to distinct structural conditions and institutional practices qualitative methodology, we delve into the achievements and limits of EU normative power in the Western Balkans . The study concludes that normative ideational diffusion rarely results in uniform outcomes even within the region. Thus, during times of crisis and ongoing multidimensional challenges, resilience as norm diversity rather than normative homogenization offers more effective political power implications.
ENHANCING EU'S RESILIENCE AGAINST TERRORISM: A LEGAL APPROACH
Authors: ȘOLEA Raluca-Andreea
Published: April 2024

The growth in amplitude and frequency of the terrorist phenomenon at both the European and international levels, in the past years, makes terrorism one of the most significant challenges for European Union's security. Given EU's international ambitions of a significant actor in the field of security (European External Action Service, 2016), this paper approaches EU's responses to terrorism, from a legal point of view. Arguing in favour of the legal instruments as the most appropriate tools to counter the terrorist phenomenon, the aim of this research is to analyse if and how Europe can become more resilient against the terrorist threat, by resorting to legal means. Specifically, the paper seeks to explore how the regulation of the crime of terrorism in international law might foster the resilience of the EU in an increasingly challenging international context. Addressing the issue of terrorism is of high importance taking into consideration the current international context, when Europe is facing again a war and the terrorist offences have significantly increased along with the conflict in Ukraine that started in February 2022 (Institute for Economics & Peace, 2022).
COMMON DYNAMICS IN THE EU INTEGRATION PATH OF THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors: VILA Jubjana
Published: April 2024

The European Union's role in the region and in the world is changing rapidly due to several internal dynamics and external crises and challenges. EU's project of integration remains a role model for peace and stability in the region and beyond. The EU Integration has emerged as a shared key priority for the EU institutions and Western Balkan countries that are in different trajectories of the accession process due to several dynamics and developments within the Western Balkan countries, regional dynamics, and enlargement skepticism among EU member states. While a comprehensive academic thinking exists about the EU's enlargement policy at its approach to this region, this study aims to understand the internal/regional dynamics in the EU integration path of Western Balkan countries through an overview of their history of integration as well as the EC Progress Reports (2022) for each country. It combines theoretical and empirical knowledge to offer a descriptive analysis of internal and regional dynamics in the Western Balkans affecting their EU integration paths.