bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Properties of Zr0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Pd0.2Sn0.99Sb0.01 half-Heusler Alloy with WO3 Inclusions
Authors: Makongo Mangan Julien Pierre Amelie , Paudel Pravin , Misra Dinesh , Poudeu Pierre F. P.
Published: August 2010

Zr0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Pd0.2Sn0.99Sb0.01 composites with various concentrations of WO3 inclusions were synthesized by mechanical alloying using high energy shaker mill. High density hot pressed pellets of the synthesized materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and their thermoelectric properties were investigated in the temperature range from 300 to 750 K. The electrical conductivity of the composites at 300 K decreases from 2500 S/cm for 0 wt.% WO3 alloy to 2200 S/cm for the composite with 2 wt.% WO3 inclusion. The electrical conductivity of composites containing 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% WO3 inclusions showed sharp increases with increasing WO3 content. The electrical conductivity of the composites monotonically decreases with rising temperature. All samples showed n-type semiconducting behavior and the thermopower values decrease with increasing WO3 content. The lattice thermal conductivity of the composites increases with increasing WO3 content. However, these values are about 30% lower than that of Zr0.5Hf0.5Ni0.8Pd0.2Sn0.99Sb0.01 alloy prepared by high temperature solid-state techniques. The synthesized composites showed lower figure of merit than the half-Heusler matrix due to large reduction in the thermopower values with increasing WO3 content.
Study of Nanostructure Inclusion Effects on the Thermoelectric Behavior of Ca3Co4O9 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Thomas Evan Lyle , Song Xueyan , Yan Yonggao , Martin Joshua , Wong-Ng Winnie , Ratcliff Margaret , Barnes Paul N.
Published: August 2010

The influence of incorporating nanoparticulate additions into Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using composite targets of CCO and CCO + 3wt% BaZrO3 (BZO) on Si and LaAlO3 substrates is investigated. X-ray data and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy reveal preferred c-axis orientation of the films deposited on Si substrates with the formation of nanoparticles between ∼ 10 – 50 nm. Preliminary thermoelectric behavior shows an enhancement of the power factor α2/ρ at room temperature. The microstructure and thermoelectric behavior of the CCO films are compared to the BZO-doped films.
Synthesis of Optimized CZTS Thin Films for Photovoltaic Absorber Layers by Sputtering from Sulfide Targets and Sulfurization
Authors: Nukala Haritha , Johnson Jeffrey L. , Bhatia Ashish , Lund Elizabeth A , Oo W.M Hlaing , Rieth Loren W , Nowell Matt , Scarpulla Michael A
Published: August 2010

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising alternative for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers in thin film solar cells and is comprised of commodity elements which will enable scale-up of chalcopyrite panel production unhindered by elemental supplies and costs. Various CZTS synthesis methods, especially sulfurization of stacked metal or metal sulfide layers, are being studied and have led to cell efficiencies up to 6.7% [1]. Here we report our studies of CZTS thin film synthesis via room temperature sputtering from a single CZTS target and co-sputtering from Cu2S, ZnS and SnS2 binary targets, both followed by sulfurization between 500 C - 600 C using either elemental sulfur vapor or in-situ generated H2S. Sputtering from sulfur-containing targets is designed to increase the sulfur content in the precursor films to promote stoichiometry. We report on the effects of processing including deposition on soda-lime and borosilicate glasses and deposition of Na-containing layers on film morphology (AFM/SEM), composition (EDS), phase (XRD), grain size (XRD/EBSD), grain boundary structure (EBSD), optical (spectroscopic ellipsometry) and electrical properties. Processing conditions producing desirable Zn-rich/Cu-poor films are identified [1]. The formation of MoSe2 at Mo/CIGS interface is believed to promote Ohmic contacts, but in CZTS we associate excessive formation of frangible MoS2 with film delamination from Mo/borosilicate glass substrates. Strategies for preventing delamination including adhesion layers are investigated and discussed. P-N junctions are formed with CdS/ZnO using chemical bath deposition and sputtering, and I-V characteristics are reported. Schottky junctions are formed and C-V measurements are used to determine the doping in the CZTS absorber layers.[1] H. Katagiri, et al., MRS Symp. Proc. 1165 1165-M04-01 (2009).
Hot Embossing of Microfluidic Channel Structures in Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
Authors: Leech Patrick William , Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhu Yonggang
Published: August 2010

The dynamic mechanical behaviour of a series of cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) with varying norbornene content has been examined in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature, Tg. The temperature of the transition has been shown to increase linearly with increase in norbornene content. Measurements of both the elastic storage modulus, E′, and loss modulus, E″, have decreased exponentially with rise in temperature above Tg . A levelling-off in E″ occurred at >20 °C above Tg for all copolymers. The results of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) have been used in the identification of optimum conditions for hot embossing. At >20 °C above Tg in a region of viscous liquid flow, the hot embossing of COC has resulted in a full replication of channel depth without cracking or distortion.
Using Peptide Hetero-assembly to Trigger Physical Gelation and Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Parisi-Amon Andreina , Wong Po Foo Cheryl , Lee Ji Seok , Mulyasasmita Widya , Heilshorn Sarah
Published: August 2010

Stem cell transplantation holds tremendous potential for the treatment of various trauma and diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy is often limited by poor and unpredictable post-transplantation cell survival. While hydrogels are thought to be ideal scaffolds, the sol-gel phase transitions required for cell encapsulation within commercially available biomatrices such as collagen and Matrigel often rely on non-physiological environmental triggers (e.g., pH and temperature shifts), which are detrimental to cells. To address this limitation, we have designed a novel class of protein biomaterials: Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogels (MITCH) that are recombinantly engineered to undergo gelation by hetero-assembly upon mixing at constant physiological conditions, thereby enabling simple, biocompatible cell encapsulation and transplantation protocols. Building upon bio-mimicry and precise molecular-level design principles, the resulting hydrogels have tunable viscoelasticity consistent with simple polymer physics considerations. MITCH are reproducible across cell-culture systems, supporting growth of human endothelial cells, rat mesenchymal stem cells, rat neural stem cells, and human adipose-derived stem cells. Additionally, MITCH promote the differentiation of neural progenitors into neuronal phenotypes, which adopt a 3D-branched morphology within the hydrogels.
Direct atomistic simulation of brittle-to-ductile transition in silicon single crystals
Authors: Sen Dipanjan , Cohen Alan , Thompson Aidan P. , Van Duin Adri , Goddard III William A. , Buehler Markus J
Published: August 2010

Silicon is an important material not only for semiconductor applications, but also for the development of novel bioinspired and biomimicking materials and structures or drug delivery systems in the context of nanomedicine. For these applications, a thorough understanding of the fracture behavior of the material is critical. In this paper we address this issue by investigating a fundamental issue of the mechanical properties of silicon, its behavior under extreme mechanical loading. Earlier experimental work has shown that at low temperatures, silicon is a brittle material that fractures catastrophically like glass once the applied load exceeds a threshold value. At elevated temperatures, however, the behavior of silicon is ductile. This brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) has been observed in many experimental studies of single crystals of silicon. However, the mechanisms that lead to this change in behavior remain questionable, and the atomic-scale phenomena are unknown. Here we report for the first time the direct atomistic simulation of the nucleation of dislocations from a crack tip in silicon only due to an increase of the temperature, using large-scale atomistic simulation with the first principles based ReaxFF force field. By raising the temperature in a computational experiment with otherwise identical boundary conditions, we show that the material response changes from brittle cracking to emission of a dislocation at the crack tip, representing evidence for a potential mechanisms of dislocation mediated ductility in silicon.
The Role of Mechanical Tension in Neurons
Authors: Saif Taher , Rajagopalan Jagannathan , Tofangchi Alireza
Published: August 2010

We used high resolution micromechanical force sensors to study thein vivomechanical response of embryonic Drosophila neurons. Our experiments show that Drosophila axons have a rest tension of a few nN and respond to mechanical forces in a manner characteristic of viscoelastic solids. In response to fast externally applied stretch they show a linear force-deformation response and when the applied stretch is held constant the force in the axons relaxes to a steady state value over time. More importantly, when the tension in the axons is suddenly reduced by releasing the external force the neurons actively restore the tension, sometimes close to their resting value. Along with the recent findings of Siechen et al (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA106, 12611 (2009)) showing a link between mechanical tension and synaptic plasticity, our observation of active tension regulation in neurons suggest an important role for mechanical forces in the functioning of neurons in vivo.
Mechanical testing of limpet teeth micro-beams using FIB
Authors: Lu Dun , Barber Asa H
Published: August 2010

Discrete volumes of material in the form of a beam have been isolated from a parent limpet tooth using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) techniques. Mechanical bending tests of individual beams are performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The relatively small volumes tested in this beam-bending configuration allow approximation of the limpet tooth structure to a uniaxial short fibre composite. This mechanical testing technique is superior to conventional micro-hardness indentation as a defined stress condition within a locally defined volume is examined. Composite theory is shown to be valid for describing the mechanical properties of limpet teeth at sub-micron lengths scales and used to determine the synergy between the nanomaterial constituents.
Evaluation of the fire-exposed temperature of concrete
Authors: Li M. , Wu Z. , Kao H. , Qian C.
Published: August 2010

The fire-exposed temperature of concrete directly determines the degree of microstructural damage experienced and the performance of the concrete. Thus, it is important to assess the fire-exposed temperature accurately. In this study, an experimental formula linking ultrasonic velocity and fire-exposed temperature is established on the basis of experimental analysis. Moreover, five methods for evaluating the fire-exposed temperature of concrete structures are developed. A reliable and accurate evaluation of the fire-exposed temperature is gained through the utilisation of a temperature–time curve, appearance characteristics, microstructure characteristics, ultrasonic velocity and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Finally, the application of the research work to an assessment of a fire-damaged concrete structure is described.
The end depth ratio and principal component analysis
Authors: Sterling M. , Sharifi S. , Knight D. W.
Published: August 2010

This paper considers whether the application of principal component analysis to a free overfall in an open channel can yield any further insights into the variables which govern the relationship between the depth of flow at the start of the free overfall and the critical depth. It is shown that for a channel of rectangular cross-section, the width, the end depth, the square root of bed slope and the square root of the critical slope can be considered to be the primary variables of interest. While a possible relationship between these variables is suggested, it is noted that the precise form of the relationship is beyond the abilities of principal component analysis.
67.2: Perceptual Effects of Reducing Blue Power
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Alessi Paula J. , Ludwicki John E. , White Christopher J. , Basile Joseph M.
Published: August 2010

In many display systems, it is desirable to reduce power to the blue primary for the purpose of reducing system power and improving system lifetime. An algorithm is discussed for reducing blue intensity as a function of saturation. Also discussed is the effect of this reduction on perceived image quality.
68.1: Invited Paper: Design Scheme of LED Scanning Backlights for Field Sequential Color LCDs
Authors: Sekiya Kazuo
Published: August 2010

Scanning backlight using LEDs is a standard approach to realize field sequential color LCDs with high resolution. There are certain contradictory constraints such as optical isolation of blocks and required light leakage over the isolation. A design scheme to solve those problems is discussed along with our developed field sequential color LCDs.
P‐2: Integrated a‐Si Circuit for Capacitively Coupled Drive Method in TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Ma Jun , Luo Xixi , Jung TaeBo , Wu Yong , Ling Zhihua , Huang Zhongshou , Zeng Wei , Li Yuesheng
Published: August 2010

A novel amorphous silicon driving circuitry, operated in Capacitively Coupled Driving (CCD) method, is proposed and analyzed. By employing the circuitry for TFT‐LCD gate and storage capacitor lines, line inversion driving mode can be realized with DC voltage on common electrode. with DC voltage on color filter common electrode, a capacitive touch panel is no longer suffered from driving pulse cross‐talk in a conventional line inversion TFT‐LCD.
P‐6: A Poly‐Si TFT Fabricated by a Novel Laser‐Crystallization Technique Using Blu‐Ray Disc Technology
Authors: Machida Akio , Fujino Toshio , Kono Tadahiro , Takagi Katsuji , Haga Shinsuke , Imanishi Shingo , Kamei Takahiro
Published: August 2010

Using Blu‐ray disc technology in which the focus servo‐system and the energy servo‐system are mounted on one head, we can precisely control the scanning beam and thus the location of the grain boundaries generated by the scanning beam.
P‐28: A Resistive Multi‐Touch Screen Integrated into LCD
Authors: Jhuo Long‐Cai , Wu Chun‐Wei , Hu Cheng‐Chun
Published: August 2010

A 15.4″ wide liquid crystal display (LCD) was developed with an embedded matrix of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes. The sensors formed by the crossing electrodes compose a touch screen. According to the structure, the 15.4″ wide LCD was capable of multi‐touch function without attached the conventional touch screen.
P‐31: Selective Attention Effects on Binocular Rivalry to Simple and Complex Dynamic Imagery
Authors: Patterson Robert , Geri George A. , Amann Ryan , Peli Eli , Woods Russell L.
Published: August 2010

Selective attention increased the proportion of time that the attended members of a pair of either simple (gratings) or more complex (movie clips) dichoptic stimuli were visible during binocular rivalry. Lower‐level stimulus attributes appear to be more important than meaningfulness in directing attention, which is a finding that may have relevance to the design of head‐worn displays.
P‐32: Mesopic Bit‐Depth Analysis for High‐Quality TV beyond 10‐Bits
Authors: Sasaki Hisashi , Kimura Tomohisa , Okumura Haruhiko
Published: August 2010

A mesopic bit‐depth analysis is proposed, which shows HVS‐characteristics between subtense angle and bit‐depth. It gives a guideline to investigate further cost‐down of 11 bits‐depth display drivers: rapidly decreasing HVS‐characteristics suggests an 8bits‐based 4×4 dithering is applicable even for mesopic vision which is more sensible thanphotopic vision.
P‐35: Maintaining Color Consistency across Non‐Linear Devices
Authors: Sajadi Behzad , Majumder Aditi
Published: August 2010

We introduce a new color transformation representation based on higher‐dimensional Bezier to maintain color consistency across non‐linear devices (like commodity printers and displays) that yields more accurate and artifact‐free results than existing methods. It is amenable to hardware implementation making it suitable for next generation commodity devices.
P‐37: Color Reproduction Method of Adobe RGB Images on Wide Color Gamut Display
Authors: Li Jyun‐Sian , Lai Chih‐Chang , Hsu Ching‐Fu , Chang Ting‐Yu , Wang Wen‐Chun
Published: August 2010

A color reproduction method (CRM) was developed to reproduce Adobe RGB image on wide color gamut (NTSC = 100%) display using multi phosphor white (MPW) LEDs. The method can reduce color distortion in contrast to the original Adobe RGB from ΔE94==7.99 to ΔE94=3.78.
P‐40: EMI Reduction Technique by Differential Data Transmission through Lossless Modulo Coding
Authors: Takagi Ayako , Sasaki Hisashi , Matsuba Mitsunori , Okumura Haruhiko
Published: August 2010

We developed EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) reducing techniques which is based on vertically differential EMI suppression method by applying modulo reduction (MVDE) for lossless encoding to low voltage differential signal lines (LVDS). The frequency at peak field strength can be forecasted because the duty ratio of the MVDE signal and transition probability tends to become small. The quality of transmitted signal in MVDE is clarified by measuring the eye pattern of signal transmission. The novel technique reduces EMI by 12 dB for 32‐inch high‐definition TV monitor in displaying the H‐character image.
P‐43: A Novel Dynamic Over‐Drive System
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Jung , Bu Link‐Kai , Chen Shing‐Chia
Published: August 2010

In this paper, a novel overdrive system adaptable for the dynamic analog gamma system is proposed. In contrast to the compound gray‐to‐gray overdrive lookup tables and complicated interpolations utilized in conventional dynamic overdrive system, the voltage‐to‐voltage overdrive lookup table is introduced to retrieve proper overdrive compensation voltage. Afterwards, a voltage‐to‐gray converter (V/G) converts the retrieved overdrive voltage level from voltage level back to gray code, resulting in an overdrive gray code. Accordingly, the overdrive gray code is compensated. Thereby, overdrive technology can then be simply and cost effectively integrated in the analog‐type dynamic gamma enhancement system.
P‐44: Adaptive Threshold Overdriving Scheme for Improved LCD‐TV Noise Performance
Authors: Oh Jaeho , Sohn Kwanghoon , Nam Hyoungsik , Shin ByungHyuk , Kim SeonKi , Kim Namdeok , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: August 2010

This paper proposes an adaptive threshold overdriving algorithm to avoid exacerbating noise problems in LCD‐TVs. In conventional LCD‐TVs, video image noise is boosted by the timing controller's overdrive function, resulting in harsh noise as perceived by the human visual system. Various gray data and noise levels have been analyzed, and the conditions which generate the boosted noise have been extracted and applied to a new algorithm to adjust overdrive threshold criteria according to the input images. The new overdriving scheme shows greatly improved noise performance compared to conventional fixed threshold schemes.
P‐47: Hold‐Type Display Motion Blur Reduction with Spatial Compensation
Authors: Cho Sheng‐Tien , Chen Eddy G. , Li Kuo‐Feng , Chan Kai‐Chieh , Hsieh Tsau‐Hua , Yang Chiulien , Pang Jia‐Pang
Published: August 2010

Motion blur reduction technology becomes more and more important in LCD TV applications. Recently, black data insertion, scanning backlight, LED local dimming, and high frame rate driving with ME/MC are main technologies for motion blur reduction. Those technologies improve motion blur by reducing temporal integration time of human visual system. We proposed a novel method to reduce motion blur by mapping the designed optical waveform back to the spatial position on the display. By this proposed method, we can improve the motion picture response time without increasing frame rate and decreasing the luminance of display. By simple motion estimation (simply estimating the motion speed and direction) and mapping the designed optical waveform back to the spatial position, the complex computing hardware can be saved and the requirement for LC panel can be reduced.
P‐52: Capacitive Multi‐Touch Controller Development Platform
Authors: Chan Stephen WC , Lu Yao
Published: August 2010

To reduce time‐to‐market, a highly flexible FPGA‐based development platform for multi‐touch controller was described in this paper. This platform allows developers to try out new ideas and algorithms in real time using high‐level language before working on the detailed hardware implementation. In addition, a set of parameters can be manipulated by developers to estimate the trade‐off between finger detection accuracy and touch sensitivity for individual touch panel from various vendors.
P‐59: Lower Resistivity Wiring Process for TFT Source/Drain Electrodes by Oxygen‐Mixture Sputtering of Cu‐Ca Alloy
Authors: Takasawa Satoru , Ishibashi Satoru , Masuda Tadashi
Published: August 2010

The low resistivity Cu wiring process using under oxide layer of Cu or Cu alloy has good adhesion to the glass substrate and Si under‐layer, and high barrier performance of prevention between Cu and Si interdiffusion. This Process is effective to enlarging TFT‐LCD panel for high‐definition TV.
P‐62: Non‐Contact Motion of a Thin Glass Substrate over a Large Process Opening
Authors: Nishri Boaz , Brodetski Svetlana , Harnik Arie , Delorme Marc
Published: August 2010

This paper highlights a novel processing technique for maintaining accurate LCD substrate positioning over a very large process opening in manufacturing processes such as metrology or accurate coating applications where non‐contact with the substrate is beneficial.
P‐184L: Late‐News Poster: Transient Thermal Stress Modeling of the Laser Frit Sealing Process
Authors: Gu Yabei , Powell William R. , Zhang Lu , Widjaja Sujanto , Vaddi Butchi R.
Published: August 2010

The frit laser sealing process has been modeled through the finite element method. Transient thermal stress results have been used to explain experimental observations, and to provide further processing recommendations and design guidelines. The results explained why high CTE glass is hard to seal. A simple and practical solution is demonstrated to reduce the transient thermal stress by elevating ambient temperature during high CTE glass sealing.
P‐188L: Late‐News Poster: Quantification of Image Sticking for Images with Different Long‐Range Non‐Uniformity
Authors: Shin Dong‐Yong , Woo Jong‐Kwan , Hong Yongtaek , Kim Suhwan , Kim Keum‐Nam , Kim Do‐Ik , Yoo Myoung‐Hwan , Kim Hye‐Dong
Published: August 2010

A new estimation method for image sticking has been developed that can effectively eliminate the influence by the difference in long‐range non‐uniformity pattern. An 8×8 chessboard pattern was used for selective degradation, and normalization based on extracted reference and coefficient of variation were adopted for better results.
P‐189L: Late‐News Poster: Advantages of Sinusoidal‐Burst Based Measurement of Moving Image Performance
Authors: Kawahara Isao
Published: August 2010

Measurement of moving picture resolution, using sinusoidal‐bursts with sub‐sampling, has clear advantages over conventional approaches, securing high compatibility with computer and television formats including 1080i/p, high precision up to the pixel resolution, also providing reliable and efficient methodology for subjective test as well as automated measurement.
P‐75: Improved Optical Characteristics of a Front‐Light System Using Fine‐Pitch Patterned OLED
Authors: Koma Norio , Tanase Kenji , Yasukawa Koji , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Karasawa Yasushi , Tanaka Toshihiko , Miyashita Satoru , Atobe Mitsurou
Published: August 2010

We have been developing a front‐light system that uses an OLED light source patterned with a fine pitch. This system can be used in reflective LCDs, electrophoretic displays (EPD), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other applications. In this paper, we present a new structural design for an OLED front‐light system. In the new system, the space between a pair of glass substrates is filled with resin, and a pattern of black resin is formed on the counter‐substrate such that it corresponds to a pattern of Al cathodes. The new system has excellent characteristics as a front‐light. Light is used more efficiently than in the conventional design, and the reflection of ambient light can be avoided.
P‐80: Improved Light Output by Using Metallic Nanostructures for Display Devices
Authors: Wei Da Hua , Der Yao Yeong , Peng Kai Yu , Wu Jiann Kuo , Chiang Rachel , Mo Chi Neng
Published: August 2010

In order to increase external quantum efficiency from light emitting diode (LED), it is very important that the photons generated into LED experience multiple opportunities to find the escape cone to enhance light‐extraction efficiency. In this work, we report on the improved light output performance of the ITO/glass based substrates using metallic nanostructures made as a scattering medium for the light extraction from wave guiding to air modes of the device. The light extraction efficiency of the ITO/glass based structures with metallic nanostructures was enhanced compared to that of structures without metallic nanostructures. We believe that the networking of the Ag nanostructures acted as a waveguide to extract the light emitted to the outer medium effectively.
P‐81: Flicker Reduction in Field Sequential Stereo Displays
Authors: Curtin Chris , Hall Dennis , Woody Tom , Krueger Kurt
Published: August 2010

Flicker reduction in a direct view field sequential stereo display has been demonstrated by presenting portions of each eye's image during every refresh cycle. Using polarized light from a display and colored polarizers in eye glasses worn by the viewer, “Mixed Images “allow flicker‐free viewing at ≤95 Hz repetition rate.
P‐82: Super‐Length External‐Electrode Fluorescent Lamps
Authors: Cho Yun‐Hee , Jeong Jong‐Mun , Jeong Jae‐Yoon , Hwang Ha‐Chung , Jin Dong‐Jun , Lim Hyun‐Kyo , Koo Je‐Huan , Hong Byoung‐Hee , Cho Guangsup , Kim Sang‐Jin , Song Young‐Shik , Mauch Reiner
Published: August 2010

The lamp length 0.6∼2.0 m of external electrode fluorescent lamps for the backlight of LCD‐TVs has been investigated with respect to the lamp property, such as the current and voltage, the luminance and efficiency, and the luminance uniformity along the tube.
P‐85: Analysis of the Light Leakage Phenomenon at Corners of LCD Panel
Authors: Chen Yung‐Kan , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Huang Kun‐Feng , Huang Yu Chun
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we discuss the light leakage phenomenon at the corners of LCD panel. Light leakage of LCD module occurs due to temperature gradient on the panel. Thermal stress caused by temperature gradient results in the light leakage. By using numerical analysis, we can calculate the distribution of thermal stress. The field of shear stress could be used to evaluate the magnitude of the light leakage phenomenon.
P‐86: OLEDs for High Quality Signs with Constant Luminance Level, Lifetime Enhancement and End of Life Prediction
Authors: Hudak Andreas , Reiser Sebastian , Jentsch Michael , Kurbatfinski Sascha , Blankenbach Karlheinz , Krauel Marcus , Maeder Johannes
Published: August 2010

A new OLED driving system for backlights and signs with optical feedback is introduced. Major features are enhancement and prediction of the operating lifetime based on an easily adjustable lifetime model. This allows use of OLEDs in security relevant applications (e.g. avionics, automotive).
P‐87: Carbon Nanotube Film on Plastic as the Touch Electrode in a Resistive Touch Screen
Authors: Hecht David S. , Thomas David , Hu Liangbing , Ladous Corinne , Lam Tom , Park Youngbae , Irvin Glen , Drzaic Paul
Published: August 2010

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films on plastic are incorporated as the touch electrode in a four‐wire resistive touch panel. Touch actuation testing shows superior mechanical performance to ITO touch electrodes. Refractive index matching leads to CNT panels with lower reflection. Direct printing on polycarbonate is demonstrated. Patterning options are discussed.
13.1: New Single Sustain System with High Voltage Address Driver (Hi‐AD) for Low Power Consumption and Low Cost PDPs
Authors: Mori Mutsuhiro , Nagase Takuo , Onozawa Makoto , Yanagida Yohei , Yokoyama Junichi , Matsuoka Hiroki , Furukawa Tomoyasu , Suzuki Keizo
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a novel single sustain PDP with a high voltage address driver (Hi‐AD) that has an address supply voltage equal to the sustain voltage and does not change wall voltage on the address electrode side during sustain periods. The Hi‐AD system reduced the luminance degradation to only 1% after 1000 hours. A power consumption in an all black display condition for the Hi‐AD system is 28 % less than that for a conventional dual sustain system.
P‐96: Discharge Characteristics of AC PDP with Fe Doped MgO Protective Layer
Authors: Ok Jung‐Woo , Cho Sung‐Yong , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Lee Hae June , Lee Ho‐Jun , Park Chung‐Hoo , Lee Don‐Kyu
Published: August 2010

We introduced an Fe doped MgO thin films as a protective layer in an AC PDP, in order to improve the discharge characteristics of MgO thin film. We investigated both the surface characteristics of the deposited thin films and the electro‐optical properties of four inch test panels. We determined the crystallinity and surface roughness of thin films by examining XRD patterns and AFM images. We demonstrated experimentally that an AC PDP with an Fe doped MgO protective layer has a lower discharge voltage and improved addressing jitter than that of undoped MgO film corresponding to measured secondary electron emission coefficients.
P‐98: A Novel Dynamic Resolution Improvement Method for Surface‐Conduction Electron‐Emitter Display
Authors: Wu Sheng‐Li , Zhao Ling‐Guo , Xiong Si‐Liang , Zhang Xiao‐Ning , Zhang Jin‐Tao , Yang Ning
Published: August 2010

A novel dynamic resolution improvement method for surface‐conduction electron‐emitter display (SED) has been proposed in this paper. By alternating the polarity of control voltage, the landing positions of the emission electrons on the phosphor plate can be controlled. This helps to accomplish a double dynamic resolution on the conventional electron emission cell array.
P‐101: A Coating Process Enable Block Copolymer Dielectric for Low Voltage Organic Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Huang Ting‐Hsiang , Huang Hui‐Chen , Pei Zingway
Published: August 2010

In this work, a sub‐10nm random copolymer dielectric for low voltage organic thin film transistor is demonstrated. This polymer dielectric is compatible with existing printing technology such as ink‐jet, slot coating, gravure, offset, screen and many other printing methods. No matter how thick of original layer, it comes to sub‐10nm based on the intrinsic properties of the colpolymer. A random copolymer, poly(styrene‐comethyl‐ methacrylate) (PS‐r‐PMMA) was used for this method. The pentacene organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) on the Al gate exhibit 5V operation voltage based on this polymer. The mobility of 0.05 cm2V−1s−1, threshold voltage of −2.5V, sub‐threshold swing of 0.27 V/dec were achieved.
P‐105: New Electrochromic Systems having Controllable Color and Bistability
Authors: Noh Chang Ho , Lee Ji Min , Jeon Seog Jin , Das Rupasree R. , Jin Yong Wan , Lee Sang Yoon , Son Seung Uk , Sharmoukh Walid
Published: August 2010

Here we describe the newly designed electrochromic(EC) materials to achieve better RGB colors and improved bistability. We also report the color images of the printed reflecting and transparent EC devices showing good reversibility and memory. A reflectance value of above 50% was obtained by using the white reflector. The simple structure and easy driving method will allow the device application in various areas, such as simple segment driving devices, display information (DI) board, and paper like display (PLD).
P‐109: Efficient p‐i‐n Top‐emitting Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Planarized Stainless Steel Foil
Authors: Su Shang‐Yu , Ho Meng‐Huan , Kao Pei‐Yi , Wu Chang‐Yen , Peng Yi‐Hao , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip , Chen Chin H.
Published: August 2010

A high‐efficiency p‐i‐n top‐emitting flexible organic light emitting diode (TFOLED) employing highly reflective Ag as anode and semitransparent Ca/Ag as cathode was fabricated on SS substrate which was insulated and planarized with a specially formulated photoresist coating. By incorporating p‐dopant (WO3) and a new n‐dopant (PAK2) in hole and electron transparent layers, respectively, along with an optimized microcavity structure, a green fluorescent C545T doped Alq3 TOLED on SS substrate achieved one of the highest efficiencies of 26.7 cd/A and 19.8 lm/Wat 20 mA/cm2 reported for flexible OLEDs.
P‐111: Effect of Pressure on Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture Light Shutter
Authors: Ma Ji , Hicks Sarah , Hurley Shawn , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: August 2010

In this work, we study the effects of pressure on polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) normal‐mode light shutter. The externally applied pressure may damage the polymer network and thus change the orientation of the liquid crystal and produce undesired haze in the transparent state. Through material formulation, we developed new PSCT systems that have better resistance to external pressure. We also explored methods to repair damaged polymer network.
13.3: Using New Driving Method to Reduce Data IC Heat, with the Single Scan Mode, in a 50‐In Full HD PDP
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hun , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Park Hyun‐Il , Kwak Jong‐Woon , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Kim Kwang‐Hyun , Myoung Dae‐Jin , Cho Jang‐Hwan , Moon Seong‐Hak
Published: August 2010

In order to improve image quality, there is a need for high definition, which is an increase in vertical lines. However, with such an increase, the data IC heat becomes an issue. The data ER circuit is used to solve this problem. We can eliminate the data ER circuit that is used by using a linear‐subfield driving, a new data switching algorithm, and a new subfield mapping in a 50‐in full HD PDP with single scan mode.
P‐113: Materials for Light Efficient LCD
Authors: Lazarev Alexander , Geivandov Artur , Guselnikov Nikolay , Kasianova Irina , Lazarev Pavel , Seregin Ilya , Palto Serguei
Published: August 2010

The way to increase efficiency of modern LCD is to remove the absorbing optical components: color filter and dichroic polarizer. Non‐absorbing polarizer together with sub‐millisecond fast LC mode working infield‐sequential RGB mode are the keys to future LCD.
P‐117: Optical Compensation Schemes of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays for Wide Viewing Angle Performance
Authors: Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: August 2010

We propose film‐compensated biaxial nematic liquid crystal displays with wide viewing angle. Compensation schemes for six cases utilizing horizontal electric field are designed. Numerical calculations show that viewing angle performances are greatly improved by the proposed methods.
P‐118: Twisted Nematic Mode with High Contrast Ratio Using Microlens Arrays
Authors: WookKim Young , Gwag Jin Seog , Kim Kyung‐Bae , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: August 2010

We propose twisted nematic (TN) mode liquid crystal device with high contrast ratio (CR) using a new microlens array (MLA) configuration composed of switching unit, focusing unit, and circular black matrix layer (BML). Consequently, CR of TN mode is improved dramatically.
P‐119: Sub‐Wavelength Grating Color Filters for Reflective Displays
Authors: Cheong Byoung‐Ho , Prudnikov Oleg N. , Yu Jaeho , Cho Young‐Sang , Choi Hwan‐Young , Shin Sung Tae
Published: August 2010

Sub‐wavelength grating color filters are proposed for use with reflective displays. The color filters are composed of two‐dimensional silicon gratings on a quartz substrate. Red, green, and blue color filters of 20mm × 20mm size have been fabricated using electron beam lithography method, and have high angular tolerance of up to ±45 degrees for incident angle of light. Numerical simulations reveal that the high angular tolerance is achieved due to the high contrast of the grating's refractive index.
P‐123: A Method to Achieve Uniform Gray Scale to Gray Scale Response Times in LCDs
Authors: Ruckmongathan Temkar N
Published: August 2010

Uniform gray scale to gray scale response times is achieved in liquid crystal displays for a large number of gray shades with wavelets based addressing technique. The method is demonstrated for 64 gray shades and it can be extended to other addressing techniques.
13.4: Three‐Dimensional Observations of Reset and Address Discharges of Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Cho Tae‐Seung , Choi Jong‐Ki , Heo Eun‐Gi , Choe Doek‐Hyeon , Terao Yoshitaka , Yamada Yukika
Published: August 2010

Three‐dimensional infrared emission characteristics of a weak discharge in reset period and two different discharge modes in address period were investigated with 3‐D test panel. Based on 3‐D infrared emissions measured in reset period, the infrared from the cathode were not observed all during the rising and falling ramp reset period and these characteristics are closely related to the electron energy near the cathode. Based on the front and side images of the weak discharge in reset period, the address discharge mode is estimated and experimentally confirmed with the 3‐D test panel. In addition, depending upon various driving conditions, two address discharge modes (single‐tail and double‐tail modes) were observed and discussed.
P‐125: Transition Free, High Contrast Reactive Monomer Modified Pi‐Cell
Authors: Chen Szu‐Fen F. , Chang Yu‐yun , Chow Liansing Culp , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: August 2010

The proposed reactive monomer modified Pi‐cell (RMM‐Pi‐cell) can suppress its critical voltage to zero, i.e. state transition‐free cell. The cell retardation data confirmed the initial bend orientation with zero voltage applied. The additional nematic reactive monomer (RM) layer possessed molecular average tilt angle over 80° which allowed the liquid crystal molecules arranged in favored bend state in 3μm cell. Moreover, the light leakage of dark state was reduced. The contrast ratio of RMM‐Pi‐cell was improved by a factor of 11 compared with an original Pi‐cell without using compensation film.
P‐127: Multistabilized SmA LC Device Controlled by a Fringe‐Field Switching Mode
Authors: Chen Hui‐Yu , Wu Jhih‐Sian , Liu Hsin‐Hung , Mo Chi‐Neng , Chen Szu‐Fen
Published: August 2010

Main approach to obtain a multistabilized SmA LC device is to drive the orientations of the SmA LC through applying an in‐plane or an out‐plane electric field. To get better electric‐optical performances of the SmA LC device, an idea of the improvements on the electrode structure and the surface treatment of the cell is introduced here The experimental observations on the modification SmA LC device exhibit not only a high contrast ratio but also a low driving voltage.
P‐130: Effect of IPS Cell Structure on the Electro‐Optical Property of a Room‐Temperature Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Lu Lu , Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we demonstrate a fast switching electro‐optical cell based on a room‐temperature blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) using in‐plane‐switching (IPS) cells. The effect of IPS cell structure on the electro‐optical property of the BPLC is investigated by varying the cell gap, line space and electrode width of IPS cells. Fast switching time, low switching voltage and large field‐induced birefringence are achieved for the BPLC with an optimized cell configuration.
P‐133: Variable Liquid Crystal Pretilt and Azimuth Angle Using Stacked Alignment Layers
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yung , Li Yuet‐Wing , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: August 2010

A new alignment layer is developed. This alignment layer is capable of generating arbitrary pretilt and azimuth angles for the liquid crystal. It is based on stacking both photo‐aligned polymer and rubbed polyimide together. The alignment produced is robust. Moreover, the processing window is also maximized.
P‐134: New Mechanism of Photoalignment Based on Reversible Intermolecular Bonds
Authors: Muravsky Alexander , Mahilny Uladzimir , Agabekov Vladimir , Ariko Nadezhda , Malashko Pavel , Shachab Siyamak
Published: August 2010

We present new mechanism of liquid crystal photoalignment based on reversible intermolecular bonds (hydrogen bonds or metal‐oxygen bonds) between dye molecules. This mechanism differs from known before and possesses temporal stability of photoinduced alignment against thermal disordering at room temperature. Predicted photoalignment dye was synthesized and verified in experiment.
P‐136: Tunable Photosensitivity of Alignment Film for Flexible Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Yao Lishuang , Du Tao , Yu Qiang , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: August 2010

In this paper, a novel type of photosensitive material used for photoalignment was explored here. After unpolarized ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation in solution, spincoating film with this new material showed fine ability to align liquid crystal (LC) without further exposure. with proper concentration of mixing it to mature azo‐dye photoalignment film explored in our lab, the alignment film could give execellent alignment quality. Furthermore, the photosensitivity of photoalignment film could be tuned up and down in contrast to that with pure azo‐dye material. This result is exciting for flexible liquid crystal displays such as optical rewritable electronic paper (ORW e‐paper), which makes gray scale of device much easier to achieve with photoalignment films existing tunable photosensitivity.
P‐137: Anchoring Energy Enhancement for Plasma Alignment Technology
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yi , Lee Tse‐Hsien , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip , Kuo Hui‐Chien J. , Chen Yi‐Fan , Lee Chin‐Yang , Lin Yin‐Chang , Hsu Yao‐Jane
Published: August 2010

The oxygen plasma post‐treatment was adopted for alignment preparation in Ar plasma alignment process. The light leakage at the dark state was suppressed by the new treatment. The NEXAFS data suggested that the out of plane carbonyl groups have been regenerated under oxygen plasma post‐treatment. The polar anchoring energy was two times increased comparing to the Ar treated PI. The cell's EO properties by new plasma treatment were comparable to the rubbed PI surface.
P‐142: A Simple Transflective LCD for Mobile Display Applications
Authors: Li Yan , Ge Zhibing , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2010

A simple transflective liquid crystal display (TR‐LCD) is proposed based on dual cell gap 63.6° TN/MTN mode. with only one additional positive A‐film, this TR‐LCD configuration achieves good performance for both transmissive (T) and reflective (R) regions: 1) high optical efficiency, 2) low operation voltage, 3) acceptable viewing angle, and 4) fairly good cell gap tolerance. Moreover, the electro‐optical properties in T and R regions match very well, so that single gamma curve driving is enabled. This TR‐LCD is easy to fabricate and suitable for mobile displays.
P‐144: Single Mode Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with Dual Cell Gap Using a Multipurpose Substrate
Authors: Kim Yeun‐Tae , Hong Jong‐Ho , Kim Hijung , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: August 2010

We describe a single mode transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) having a multipurpose substrate in a dual cell gap configuration. The multipurpose substrate fabricated by a replica molding technique provides the vertical alignment for the liquid crystal molecules without any surface treatment and bi‐level microstructures as spacers to maintain different cell gaps in two sub‐pixels. The elastomeric multipurpose substrate is thinner and lighert than a typical glass substrate. Our transflective LCD shows no electro‐optical disparity between the transmissive part and the reflective part as well as enhanced portability due to reduction over 30 % in thickness and weight.
14.2: Waveguide‐Based Pico‐Projector with Only One Lens for Cell‐Phone Applications
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: August 2010

With the advancements in the LED development, it is now possible to have projectors small enough to be integrated into cell phones. Similar to the cell phone cameras, in order to have a high adoption rate, the cost have to be low, which requires low component count and simple construction. To achieve low cost, the most important factor is to use a small imager chip, which increase the illumination requirements. Recycling is needed to match the illumination etendue to that of the imager chip. This paper presents an integrated approach to the illumination with recycling and projection architecture using waveguides such that the component count is low and the whole projector can be assembled without high tolerance. One key feature is that the complete projector consists of only one lens, namely, the projection lens.
P‐162: Application of Mixed Host and Hole‐Blocking for High‐Efficiency White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shieh Tien‐Shou , Lin Jin‐Sheng , Liu Pey‐Ching , Tseng Mei‐Rurng
Published: August 2010

This paper was to develop charge‐confining phosphorescent white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on mixed host (TCTA and CzSi) and hole‐blocking (TPBi and BPhen) layers. The blue phosphorescent sensitizer was Bis(3,5‐ difluoro‐ 2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl‐(2‐carboxypyridyl) iridium (Firpic), and the orange phosphorescent sensitizer was the thieno‐pyridine framework organo‐iridium complexes (PO‐01). The sandwiched structures of the blue/orange/blue with different TPBi dopant ratio in BPhen were compared. The WOLEDs of the EL‐I series were all mixed‐host for emitting layer, but the emitting layer of the EL‐II series were without mixed‐host at the second blue one. The efficiency of WOLEDs of the EL‐I device at 4.3% TPBi dopant ratio in the BPhen was 34.1lm/W at 1000 cd/m2. However, the efficiency of WOLEDs of the EL‐II series did't raise the device's characteristics when the TPBi is doped in BPhen, and WOLEDs of the EL‐II series responded insensitively to drive current. They were good suitability to use in OLED lighting.
P‐165: Highly Efficient Ink‐Jet Printed Small Molecular Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Kim Mi‐Na , Park Chan Hyuk , Han Mi‐Young , Lee Young In , Cho In Seok , Choi C. H. , Seo Y. H. , Cho G. S. , Park Byoungchoo
Published: August 2010

We studied efficient light emission from printed small molecular electrophosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs). The organic layer was made by ink‐jetting with a composite solution, prepared by dissolving small molecular compounds into mixed solvents. Efficient green light emissions were generated at relatively low voltages; the peak luminance over ∼50,000 cd/m2 with the peak current efficiency of 45 cd/A.
P‐166: All‐Solution‐Processed Multilayered Small‐Molecule OLEDs with High Device Efficiency
Authors: Tseng Hsin‐Rong , Meng Hsin‐Fei , You Jia‐Da , Horng Sheng‐Fu , Yen Feng‐Wen , Lin I‐Feng
Published: August 2010

All‐solution‐processed multilayer blue small molecular organic light‐emitting diodes are fabri‐cated by blade coating method. Fluorescent blue host,1‐(7‐(9,9′‐bianthracen‐10‐yl)‐ 9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)pyrene, and blue dopant, 4,4′‐(1E,1′E)‐2,2′‐(naphthalene‐2,6‐diyl)bis(ethene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(N,N‐bis(4‐hexylphenyl) aniline), are synthesized to achieve good solubility and pinhole‐free thin film by solution process. The multilayer device structure with hole/electron transport layer is achieved by blade coating method without the dissolution problem between layers. The efficiency of the all‐solution‐processed device is 4.8 cd/A at 1,200 cd/m2, close to that by thermal deposition in high vacuum chamber.