bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Metode Murottal Ar-Rahman Terhadap Kesehatan Spiritual Lanjut Usia di Panti Sosial Rehabilitasi Lanjut Usia Mulia Dharma
Authors: Daryani Daryani , Kirana Wahyu , Wahyudi Ardi
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Lanjut usia merupakan seseorang yang mengalami perubahan biologis, fisik, kejiwaan, dan sosial. Perubahan ini akan memberikan pengaruh pada seluruh aspek kehidupan, termasuk kesehatannya. Salah satu pelayanan kesehatan yaitu pemenuhan kesehatan spiritual, dengan terpenuhinya kesehatan spiritual akan meningkatkan produktifitas lanjut usia. Telah berkembang banyak terapi-terapi yang dapat meningkatkan energy dalam tubuh salah satunya dengan terapi murottal, yaitu mendengarkan rekaman bacaan Alquran dari seorang Qori. Belum adanya penelitian tentang murottal Alquran terhadap kesehatan spiritual menjadi keterbaruan.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre and post test without control.Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 16 orang lanjut usia yang dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dengan metode quasi ekperimen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan lembar observasi dan diolah serta dianalisa menggunakan Shapiro Wilk.Hasil : Hasil uji statistik Shapiro Wilk untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh metode murottal Ar-Rahman terhadap kesehatan spiritual lanjut usia di Panti Sosial Rehabilitasi Lanjut Usia Mulia Dharma dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 persen (a = 0,005). Hasil uji Shapiro Wilk didapatkan nilai p pretest dan posttest di atas 0,005 yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa data tersebut berdistribusi normal. Hasil uji Shapiro Wilk yang normal maka uji bivariate pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji paired sample T test dengan hasil nilai p lebih kecil dari 0,005 Kesimpulan : Ada pengaruh signifikan metode murottal Ar-Rahman terhadap kesehatan spiritual lanjut usia di Panti Sosial Rehabilitasi Lanjut Usia Mulia Dharma
Elementary Teacher Education Students’ Short Story Writing Skills through Creative Writing Learning for Short Movie Making
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Rizal , Pratama D. Fadly
Published: June 2021

Short story writing skill (short stories) for elementary teacher education students at Cimahi City campus is one of the productive language skills that are said to be still very difficult, considering the skill to write requires multi skills  that involve cognitive skills, cognitive meta, experience, imagination, and the preparation of words and sentences accordingly. Hence, this digital era should be able to make students skilled in utilizing digital devices and products as a medium that helps facilitating them in honing their short story writing skills, one of which is through digital products in the form of short movies. The purpose of this research is to know and elaborate the elementary teacher education students’ skills to write short stories of through short movie making activities in creative writing. This study employs descriptive qualitative through triangulation of data obtained from observations, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed the students’ skills to write short stories through short movie making activities, it was obtained based on the indicators of short story writing that had been achieved, namely: the suitability of story content, story development creativity, presentation of the plot, characters, point of view, diction, plot, and writing spelling.
Adaptación de una cocina industrial de gas licuado de petróleo a biogás
Authors: Castillo Rayo María Teresa , Izaba Umaña Carlos José
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo de investigación, se presenta la adaptación de una cocina industrial de gas licuado de petróleo a funcionar con biogás. Para la obtención del biogás se instaló un biodigestor semicontinuo de 12 m3, cargado con desechos orgánicos. Se realizó la evaluación técnica de la cocina, el diagnóstico, el diseño para su adaptación y las modificaciones de piezas requeridas para su funcionabilidad. Además, se comparó la eficiencia del gas licuado de petróleo y el biogás haciendo uso del método estadístico de análisis de variancia bifactorial con interacción. Se logró determinar que el gas licuado de petróleo es más eficiente que el biogás, sin embargo, el biogás es mucho más amigable con el medio ambiente, ya que evita el uso indiscriminado de leña, disminuye los costos de gas licuado de petróleo y consumo de este. Además, de salvaguardar la salud respiratoria de los trabajadores.
Asking Big: Creating a Culture of Support for Academic Mothers’ Advocating in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bender Ashley , Hoermann-Elliot Jackie
Published: June 2021

This essay brings into focus institutional inequities faced by academic parents that stem from the systematic socialization of women to remain silent about their professional and personal needs under ideal circumstances and even more so in times of crisis. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic’s changing higher education policies daily, we argue there has never been a better time for us to ask for more when academic women, especially those identifying as mothers, are suffering professionally and personally. We trace key cultural insights and recent research regarding how the global pandemic has increased the strain that academic mothers feel, particularly BIPOC mothers, before calling on readers to reclaim their right to advocate on behalf of their and their families’ needs. We conclude by defining the culture of asking we seek to foster at our own institution and make recommendations for how readers might “ask big” at their home institutions.
The ethnical factor in european literature for the organ in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries
based on works by british, italian and Jewish Composers
Authors: Stefek Jakub
Published: June 2021

The article presents examples of the emphasised ethnical factor in works belonging to the European organ literature of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, found in pieces written by British, Italian and Jewish composers. In case of British composers, significant were the proposals of Ralph Vaughan Williams, who primarily saw folk songs as the tool for expressing a national style. Among the composers who wrote music inspired by traditional songs or quoting them directly (which was an important novelty in the British organ literature) were: Cecil Armstrong Gibbs, Percy Whitlock, Cyril Bradley Rootham, Geoffrey Turton Shaw, Harold Carpenter Lumb Stocks, and more.
The influence of national elements on Italian organ literature is not as strong but it seems justified to assume that some composers might have been influenced by the romanità myth which identified the features of the Italian nation with the ideas allegedly drawn from the traditions of ancient Rome. These composers were Giuseppe Corsi and Alfredo Casella. It is worth paying attention to the phenomenon of writing organ masses which preceded the popularisation of that myth.
In this context, composers of Jewish organ music attempted to emphasise the ethnical factor in their works in the clearest, most consequent and most comprehensive ways possible. Abraham Zevi Idelsohn summed up their ideological programme, indicating that music meant for being performed in synagogues, including Jewish organ music, should be based on traditional melodies and scales, at the same time using tonal harmonic systems, which was supposed to allow for introducing prayerful atmosphere and concentration of the audience as well as understanding it properly. This group of composers included Louis Lewandowski, David Nowakowski, Arno Nadel, and others.
«Barnehagen er ingen søndagsskole …»
Authors: Hovdelien Olav , Kringlebotn Sødal Helje
Published: June 2021

Hvordan forstår et utvalg styrere og pedagogiske ledere de delene av fagområdet etikk, religion og filosofi (ERF) som handler om religion og religiøs tradisjonsformidling i barnehagen? Og hvordan arbeider de med dem i praksis? Vi intervjuet ansatte fra 19 barnehager i Agder og Oslo og gjennomgikk vedtekter og årsplaner for å få svar. Noen informanter arbeidet i barnehager med «vanlig» formål, andre i private barnehager med særlig formål. I tros- og livssynsbarnehagene fortalte mange om høy prioritering og integrering av religiøs tradisjonsformidling, og om stort metodemangfold. I offentlige barnehager ble målformuleringene i ERF ofte nedprioritert, og religion var lite synlig utenom i adventstiden. Samtidig var det variasjon innenfor begge barnehagetypene.
Nøkkelord: Barnehager; religion; fagområdet etikk, religion og filosofi (ERF); tradisjonsformidling; livssynsvedtekt
Framework for Measuring Relevancy in Discovery Environments
Authors: Galbreath Blake Lee , Merrill Alex , Johnson Corey
Published: June 2021

Discovery environments are ubiquitous in academic libraries but studying their effectiveness and use in an academic environment has mostly centered around user satisfaction, experience, and task analysis. This study aims to create a quantitative, reproducible framework to test the relevancy of results and the overall success of Washington State University’s discovery environment (Primo by Ex Libris). Within this framework, the authors use bibliographic citations from student research papers submitted as part of a required university class as the proxy for relevancy. In the context of this study, the researchers created a testing model that includes: (1) a process to produce machine-generated keywords from a corpus of research papers to compare against a set of human-created keywords, (2) a machine process to query a discovery environment to produce search result lists to compare against citation lists, and (3) four metrics to measure the comparative success of different search strategies and the relevancy of the results. This framework is used to move beyond a sentiment or task-based analysis to measure if materials cited in student papers appear in the results list of a production discovery environment. While this initial test of the framework produced fewer matches between researcher-generated search results and student bibliography sources than expected, the authors note that faceted searches represent a greater success rate when compared to open-ended searches. Future work will include comparative (A/B) testing of commonly deployed discovery layer configurations and limiters to measure the impact of local decisions on discovery layer efficacy as well as noting where in the results list a citation match occurs.
Réflexions autour de deux pichets commémoratifs découverts sur le site du parlement à Montréal et l’abolition des Corn Laws en 1846
Authors: Pothier Louise
Published: June 2021

L’abolition des Corn Laws par la Grande Bretagne en 1846 porte un coup dur à l’économie de la province du Canada, affectant les marchands et les agriculteurs qui bénéficiaient de tarifs préférentiels pour le commerce des céréales grâce à ces lois protectionnistes. C’est dans ce contexte que deux petits pichets de céramique commémorant le rappel des Corn Laws au Parlement de Westminster se sont retrouvés au Parlement qui siégeait à Montréal entre 1844 et 1849. La découverte de ces pichets en 2017 par une équipe d’archéologues, sous la direction de Pointe-à-Callière, cité d’archéologie et d’histoire de Montréal, offre l’occasion de relire ce moment charnière de notre histoire politique et économique. Les pichets évoquent la victoire triomphale de l’Anti-Corn Law League sous la conduite de Richard Cobden et de Sir Robert Peel. Enfin, le texte souligne l’influence de la League et de ses méthodes de marketing populaire sur une association de marchands montréalais, ce qui expliquerait, peut-être, la présence des pichets au Parlement du Canada à Montréal.
De Ginevra, ou de Geneviève, pour un bonheur possible…
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: June 2021

En 1902, Georgina Lefaivre commence à écrire dans divers périodiques jusqu’à faire du journalisme sa profession en 1905, année de ses débuts au journal Le Soleil, quotidien de la ville de Québec d’où elle est originaire. Elle poursuit ses contributions jusqu’en 1922 sous la forme de billets. En 1919, Ginevra publie un recueil intitulé En relisant les vieilles pages dans lequel sont rassemblés de courts textes déjà publiés entre 1906 et 1918. En 1922, sous son autre pseudonyme, elle en publie un deuxième intitulé Billets de Geneviève. Éduquer au bonheur par une préparation au rôle dévolu traditionnellement aux filles forme la trame de ses propos. Aspirer à un bonheur discret et modeste serait le secret pour parer à l’inévitable de la vie quotidienne de l’épouse et surtout de la mère qu’elles deviendront pour la plupart. Plusieurs thèmes sont récurrents dans les deux recueils, la modernité et l’influence de nos voisins étasuniens faisant leur apparition dans le deuxième.
L’exposition Le développement de la peinture au Canada (1945) ou la démonstration de l’unité des peuples fondateurs
Authors: Lacroix Laurier
Published: June 2021

Entre mai 1944 et janvier 1945, les quatre principaux musées d’art du Canada réunissent toutes leurs ressources afin de réaliser la première exposition synthèse d’histoire de la peinture au pays. Le développement de la peinture au Canada 1665-1945 réussit le défi de regrouper près de 200 tableaux proposant ainsi une lecture en continu de la production de plus de 150 artistes regroupés par périodes chronologiques, styles et genres picturaux. Compte tenu du contexte politique, le résultat conduisit à une lecture idéologique du projet, interprété comme une manifestation de la symbiose entre les deux peuples fondateurs du Canada capables de développer une culture commune.
Un texte dans son contexte : la Déclaration d’Indépendance de 1838
Authors: Lamonde Yvan
Published: June 2021

Cet article établit le texte anglais et français et le contexte de la Déclaration de février 1838 dite de Robert Nelson et de la Proclamation nº 2. Peuple du Canada, quasi inconnue, qui l’accompagnait.
Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress
Authors: Rosenberg Ayelet M , Rausser Shannon , Ren Junting , Mosharov Eugene V , Sturm Gabriel , Ogden R Todd , Patel Purvi , Kumar Soni Rajesh , Lacefield Clay , Tobin Desmond J , Paus Ralf , Picard Martin
Published: June 2021

Background:

Hair greying is a hallmark of aging generally believed to be irreversible and linked to psychological stress.

Methods:

Here, we develop an approach to profile hair pigmentation patterns (HPPs) along individual human hair shafts, producing quantifiable physical timescales of rapid greying transitions.

Results:

Using this method, we show white/grey hairs that naturally regain pigmentation across sex, ethnicities, ages, and body regions, thereby quantitatively defining the reversibility of greying in humans. Molecularly, grey hairs upregulate proteins related to energy metabolism, mitochondria, and antioxidant defenses. Combining HPP profiling and proteomics on single hairs, we also report hair greying and reversal that can occur in parallel with psychological stressors. To generalize these observations, we develop a computational simulation, which suggests a threshold-based mechanism for the temporary reversibility of greying.

Conclusions:

Overall, this new method to quantitatively map recent life history in HPPs provides an opportunity to longitudinally examine the influence of recent life exposures on human biology.

Funding:

This work was supported by the Wharton Fund and NIH grants GM119793, MH119336, and AG066828 (MP).
Do Gender and Place of Residence Affect the Tutorial Scores of Medical Students? A Preliminary Study Conducted in a Private Medical School, Jakarta- Indonesia
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin , Sunarti Lusia Sri , Tuamelly Gracia Jacqueline Rieny
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Medical students are future doctor candidates. They must learn about diseases, infectious and non-infectious, during their education period. What the students have to learn is being packaged in integrated blocks. Tutorial is one of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) methods in medical education whose activities are entirely learner-centered. It is a focus group discussion (FGD) based activity, consist of 7-8 students and supervised by one lecturer called tutor who will provide an assessment at the end of each session. The aim of this study is to characterize whether gender and place of residence affect the student’s tutorial score.

Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study conducted from April to May 2021 at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta-Indonesia. All data of active students gathered from education manager office. Simple descriptive statistic operation conducted whenever necessary. Data about place of residence obtained electronically using simple G-form survey.

Result and Discussion:  Data comes from 607 active students were eligible for further analysis. Total mean of tutorial score based on their batch (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020): 15.53; 16.24; 15.82 and 15.06. The highest mean tutorial score is 16.34 in the group of female students who live in their own home from the class of 2018 and the lowest score is 14.74 in the group of male student who live in the boarding house from the class 2020.

Conclusion: Female students have a higher mean tutorial score compared to male students, and those who live at home with their parents also have a higher average score than those who live in a boarding house, by themselves. As our students become more senior, the better their tutorial scores.
Return to flying after coronary artery disease: A case series among Malaysian pilots
Authors: Mohammad Zulkefley , Ismail Rosnah , Mohamed Rus Mohd Rafizi , Haron Mohammed Haizar
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Pilots with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and possibly death. Return to flying duties may be considered after a detailed risk assessment. The aim of this retrospective case series is to describe the return to flying duty process.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case review of pilots diagnosed with CAD at the Institute of Aviation Medicine (IAM), Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) in October 2020.

Results

Thirteen cases of CAD were included in the review. Ten pilots were diagnosed after developing acute coronary syndrome; the remaining three pilots were diagnosed during a routine medical examination via an exercise stress test. Twelve pilots required a revascularization procedure. A total of 11 pilots (84.6%) were recertified for flying duties, while another two were disqualified. The duration to recertification for these 11 pilots was between three months and one year.

Conclusions

The risk assessment was initiated with initial risk-stratification using population-appropriate risk calculator combined with the 4 × 4 aeromedical risk matrix. The reassessment of return to flying after coronary artery disease must be carried out no sooner than six months after the event. Pilots must be hemodynamically stable with no evidence of significant inducible ischemic left and a minimum 50% of ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A follow-up is recommended at the initial six months after recertification and then annually with a routine noninvasive cardiac assessment.
Organocatalytic, Organic Oxidant Promoted, Enamine C−H Oxidation/Cyclopropanation Reaction
Authors: Džambaski Zdravko , Bondžić Aleksandra M. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Bondžić Bojan P.
Published: June 2021

Herein, we demonstrate that organic, single‐electron oxidant in the presence of diarylprolinol silylether type catalyst serves as a tool for the transformation of electron‐rich enamines to iminium ions. These iminium ions take part in a subsequent Michael‐initiated ring‐closure (MIRC) reaction with in situ present nucleophile giving rise to overall cyclopropanation reaction of saturated aldehydes. Stereodefined cyclopropanes are obtained in high yields and selectivities. This one‐pot transformation represents the additional example of saturated aldehydes being used in the coupled one‐pot processes.

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Sex‐linked gene expression and the emergence of hermaphrodites in Carica papaya
Authors: Chae Taylor , Harkess Alex , Moore Richard C.
Published: June 2021

Premise

One evolutionary path from hermaphroditism to dioecy is via a gynodioecious intermediate. The evolution of dioecy may also coincide with the formation of sex chromosomes that possess sex‐determining loci that are physically linked in a region of suppressed recombination. Dioecious papaya (Carica papaya) has an XY chromosome system, where the presence of a Y chromosome determines maleness. However, in cultivation, papaya is gynodioecious, due to the conversion of the male Y chromosome to a hermaphroditic Yh chromosome during its domestication.

Methods

We investigated gene expression linked to the X, Y, and Yh chromosomes at different floral developmental stages to identify differentially expressed genes that may be involved in the sexual transition of males to hermaphrodites.

Results

We identified 309 sex‐biased genes found on the sex chromosomes, most of which are found in the pseudoautosomal regions. Female (XX) expression in the sex‐determining region was almost double that of X‐linked expression in males (XY) and hermaphrodites (XYh), which rules out dosage compensation for most sex‐linked genes; although, an analysis of hemizygous X‐linked loci found evidence of partial dosage compensation. Furthermore, we identified a candidate gene associated with sex determination and the transition to hermaphroditism, a homolog of the MADS‐box protein SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE.

Conclusions

We identified a pattern of partial dosage compensation for hemizygous genes located in the papaya sex‐determining region. Furthermore, we propose that loss‐of‐expression of the Y‐linked SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE homolog facilitated the transition from males to hermaphrodites in papaya.
Influence of Fe‐modified Mn–Ce–Fe–Co–Ox/P84 catalytic filter materials for low‐temperature NO removal synergistic Hg0oxidation
Authors: Shi Guangwei , Liu Meng , Li Yinsheng , Li Tao , Duan Yufeng
Published: June 2021

A series of Mn–Ce–Fe–Co–Ox/P84 (polyimide) catalytic filter materials by in situ method (ISM) were investigated for the low‐temperature catalytic activities for NO and elemental mercury Hg0in the simulated flue fixed‐bed system, especially under mixed atmosphere conditions with water and sulfur. The influence of Fe and Co doping ratio, Fe of loading sequence, and the types of precursors are systematically investigated under 8% H2O and 75 ppm SO2atmosphere. Results showed that the toxic effects of H2O and SO2on the catalytic filter materials were obvious. When using Mn–Ce–Fe–Co–Ox/P84 catalytic filter materials (Mn/Ce/Fe/Co = 4:5:0.5:0.5, in mol), the NO reduction and Hg0oxidation decreased from 95.0% to 40.0% and 55%, respectively. As the molar ratio of Fe/Co increased, the anti‐sulfur and water resistance activity of catalytic filter materials showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Active components of Mn–Ce–Fe–Co–Ox/P84 (Mn/Ce/Fe/Co = 4:5:1.25:1 in mol) could achieve 81.0% of NO reduction and 79.2% Hg0oxidation simultaneously. As the molar ratio of Fe/Co increased, the NOxsynergistic Hg0conversion efficiency of the catalytic filter materials was first promoted and then suppressed. Comparing the order of Fe impregnation and the types of Fe precursors revealed that using Fe(NO3)3to generate Fe2O3was more active than directly using Fe2O3at 170°C to 260°C. Electron transfer between Mn, Ce and Fe increases the high ratio of Mn4+/(Mn4++Mn3+) and Ce3+/(Ce3++Ce4+) which may enhance the sulphur and water resistance of the catalytic filter materials.
Rational Design of Pt−Pd−Ni Trimetallic Nanocatalysts for Room‐Temperature Benzaldehyde and Styrene Hydrogenation
Authors: Zheng Tuo , Wu Fengshun , Fu Huan , Zeng Li , Shang Congxiao , Zhu Lihua , Guo Zhengxiao
Published: June 2021

Nanostructures of the multimetallic catalysts offer great scope for fine tuning of heterogeneous catalysis, but clear understanding of the surface chemistry and structures is important to enhance their selectivity and efficiency. Focussing on a typical Pt−Pd−Ni trimetallic system, we comparatively examined the Ni/C, Pt/Ni/C, Pd/Ni/C and Pt−Pd/Ni/C catalysts synthesized by impregnation and galvanic replacement reaction. To clarify surface chemical/structural effect, the Pt−Pd/Ni/C catalyst was thermally treated at X=200, 400 or 600 °C in a H2reducing atmosphere, respectively termed as Pt−Pd/Ni/C−X. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized complementarily by XRD, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, HS‐LEIS and STEM‐EDS elemental mapping and line‐scanning. All the catalysts were comparatively evaluated for benzaldehyde and styrene hydrogenation. It is shown that the “PtPd alloy nanoclusters on Ni nanoparticles” (PtPd/Ni) and the synergistic effect of the trimetallic Pt−Pd−Ni, lead to much improved catalytic performance, compared with the mono‐ or bi‐ metallic counterparts. However, with the increase of the treatment temperature of the Pt−Pd/Ni/C, the catalytic performance was gradually degraded, which was likely due to that the favourable nanostructure of fine “PtPd/Ni” was gradually transformed to relatively large “PtPdNi alloy on Ni” (PtPdNi/Ni) particles, thus decreasing the number of noble metal (Pt and Pd) active sites on the surface of the catalyst. The optimum trimetallic structure is thus the as synthesised Pt−Pd/Ni/C. This work provides a novel strategy for the design and development of highly efficient and low‐cost multimetallic catalysts, e. g. for hydrogenation reactions.
Bridged Aromatic Oxo‐ and Thioethers with Intense Emission in Solution and the Solid State
Authors: Riebe Steffen , Adam Suliman , Roy Bibhisan , Maisuls Iván , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Dubbert Justin , Strassert Cristian A. , Schapiro Igor , Voskuhl Jens
Published: June 2021

In this contribution, we report on a class of emitters based on bridged oxo‐ and/or thioethers revealing striking photoluminescence properties in fluid solution and in the solid state. In total, nine compounds were investigated concerning their photophysical properties, which were interpreted by quantum chemical calculations. To our delight, we discovered compounds possessing nearly identical photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦF) in solution and in the solid state, which has been rarely reported so far. Besides these efforts, we shed light on the influence of polymorphism and solvent polarity on the emission properties. In addition, an in‐depth X‐ray diffractometric analysis was conducted to correlate molecular packing in the crystal with differences in the photophysical properties.
Temperature‐dependent viscosity of bio‐oil derived from white pine and Norway spruce needles
Authors: Oginni Oluwatosin , Singh Tingi Kaushlendra
Published: June 2021

Viscosity plays a significant role in the utilization of bio‐oil as a liquid transportation fuel. This study investigated the influence of temperature on the viscosity of bio‐oils derived from white pine and from Norway spruce needles. The bio‐oils were produced by pyrolyzing the biomass samples in a fixed‐bed batch reactor at a temperature of 500 °C for 30 min. The viscosity of the bio‐oils was determined at a temperature range of 20–80 °C. The bio‐oil yield was estimated to be 36.32% and 28.84% for white pine and Norway spruce needles, respectively. The viscosity of bio‐oils derived from white pine and Norway spruce needles decreased from 177.67 to 54 cP and from 161.17 to 37.67 cP, respectively, as the temperature increased from 20 to 80 °C. Among the three models (Arrhenius, modified Williams–Landel–Ferry, and the power law) used to describe the temperature‐viscosity relationship of the bio‐oils, the Arrhenius model presented the best fit for the experimental data with activation energy of 16.80 and 20.79 kJ/mol–1 for bio‐oils derived from white pine and Norway spruce needles, respectively. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthetic Approaches to (Z)‐Thioaurones
Authors: Lee Jae In
Published: June 2021

(Z)‐Thioaurones were prepared by the condensation of 1‐benzothiophen‐3‐ones or 3‐acetoxybenzothiophene with arylaldehydes under basic or acidic conditions. Their derivatives were also prepared by reducing 2‐benzoybenzothiophen‐3‐ones and subsequent dehydration, cyclization of α,β‐unsaturated 1‐(2‐methylsulfinyl)phenyl ketone, and coupling of β‐chlorobenzothiophenone with arylboronic acids using Pd catalyst. Furthermore, (Z)‐thioaurones were prepared by the direct cyclization of α‐(phenylthio)cinnamic acids, 5‐exo cyclization of 2′‐(methylthio)chalcones, incorporation of a sulfur atom to 2′‐nitrochalcones and aromatic substitution, and deprotection of S‐protected alkynones and subsequent cyclization. Moreover, thioflavanone‐1‐oxides underwent ring contraction with I2 or NaOAc/Ac2O to give (Z)‐thioaurones.
Inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway by fasudil protects against kainic acid‐induced neurite injury
Authors: Xiang Yingchun , Niu Yumiao , Xie Yacong , Chen Shishuo , Zhu Feng , Shen Weida , Zeng Ling‐Hui
Published: June 2021

Aim

RhoA/Rho kinase pathway is essential for regulating cytoskeletal structure. Although its effect on normal neurite outgrowth has been demonstrated, the role of this pathway in seizure‐induced neurite injury has not been revealed. The research examined the phosphorylation level of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway and to clarify the effect of fasudil on RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway and neurite outgrowth in kainic acid (KA)‐treated Neuro‐2A cells and hippocampal neurons.

Method

Western blotting analysis was used to investigate the expression of key proteins of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway and the depolymerization of actin. After incubated without serum to induce neurite outgrowth, Neuro‐2A cells were fixed, and immunofluorescent assay of rhodamine‐phalloidin was applied to detect the cellular morphology and neurite length. The influence of KA on neurons was detected in primary hippocampal neurons. Whole‐cell patch clamp was conducted in cultured neurons or hippocampal slices to record action potentials.

Result

KA at the dose of 100–200 μmol/L induced the increase in phosphorylation of Rho‐associated coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase and decrease in phosphorylation of Lin11, Isl‐1 and Mec‐3 kinase and cofilin. The effect of 200 μmol/L KA was peaked at 1–2 hours, and then gradually returned to baseline after 8 hours. Pretreatment with Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil reversed KA‐induced activation of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway and increase in phosphorylation of slingshot and 14‐3‐3, which consequently reduced the ratio of G/F‐actin. KA treatment induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth and decrease in spines both in Neuro‐2a cells and in cultured hippocampal neurons, and pretreatment with fasudil alleviated KA‐induced neurite outgrowth inhibition and spine loss.

Conclusion

These data indicate that inhibiting RhoA/Rho kinase pathway might be a potential treatment for seizure‐induced injury.
Long‐term outcomes after deferral of revascularization of in‐stent restenosis using fractional flow reserve
Authors: McInerney Angela , Travieso Gonzalez Alejandro , Castro Mejía Alex , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Mejía‐Rentería Hernán , Cerrato Enrico , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Salinas Pablo , Macaya Ten Fernando , Núñez Gil Ivan , Fernandez Ortiz Antonio , Macaya Carlos , Escaned Javier , Gonzalo Nieves
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To investigate the outcomes of deferred coronary revascularization in patients with non‐significant in‐stent restenosis (ISR) by physiological assessment.

Background

The pathophysiology and natural history of ISR is markedly different from de‐novo stenoses. There is a paucity of data on the safety of deferral of revascularization of ISR using physiological assessment.

Methods

In this single centre study, using a propensity‐score matched analysis, we compared the long‐term clinical outcomes of patients with ISR and de‐novo disease deferred based on intracoronary physiology. Matching was on a 1:2 basis of ISR to de‐novo stenosis. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) a composite of all‐cause mortality, target lesion revascularization or target vessel myocardial infarction at 36 months.

Results

Matched cohorts of 56 ISR and 112 de‐novo stenoses were analyzed. The median percentage stenosis was 50% in both groups (p = 0.403). Deferral was based on fractional flow reserve (FFR). The mean FFR was 0.86 across both groups (p = 0.942). At 36‐months, freedom from MACE was similar between groups; 86.2% versus 92.8% log rank p=0.180 for ISR and de‐novo lesions, respectively. Neither were there differences in the individual components of MACE.

Conclusions

Deferral of coronary revascularization in patients with ISR based on its functional impact is associated to similar long‐term safety as in de‐novo coronary stenosis.
COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal symptoms: A case report of a Mesenteric Large vessel obstruction
Authors: Nasseh Souhir , Trabelsi Med Mehdi , Oueslati Anouer , Haloui Nabil , Jerraya Hichem , Nouira Ramzi
Published: June 2021

COVID‐19 cases are increasing daily worldwide. With such emerging disease, the medical community should be aware of atypical clinical presentations in order to help with correct diagnosis, and to take the proper measures to isolate and treat patients to avoid healthcare professionals being infected and to limit its spread (SARS‐CoV‐2). Thrombogenesis in COVID‐19 has been described in few cases, but a thrombosis of a large digestive vessel has not been documented so far. Mesenteric ischemia due to an obstruction of a large vessel may be a new presentation of COVID‐19 infection.
Mapping the Electronic Structure and the Reactivity Trends for Stabilized α‐Boryl Carbanions
Authors: Maza Ricardo J. , Fernández Elena , Carbó Jorge J.
Published: June 2021

The chemistry of stabilized α‐boryl carbanions shows remarkable diversity, and can enable many different synthetic routes towards efficient C−C bond formation. The electron‐deficient, trivalent boron center stabilizes the carbanion facilitating its generation and tuning its reactivity. Here, the electronic structure and the reactivity trends of a large dataset of α‐boryl carbanions are described. DFT‐derived parameters were used to capture their electronic and steric properties, computational reactivity towards model substrates, and crystallographic analysis within the Cambridge Structural Dataset. This study maps the reactivity space by systematically varying the nature of the boryl moiety, the substituents of the carbanionic center, the number of α‐boryl motifs, and the metal counterion. In general, the free carbanionic intermediates are described as borata‐alkene species with C−B π interactions polarized towards the carbon. Furthermore, it was possible to classify the α‐boryl alkylidene metal precursors into three classes directly related to their reactivity: 1) nucleophilic borata‐alkene salts with alkali and alkaline earth metals, 2) nucleophilic η2‐(C−B) borata‐alkene complexes with early transition metals, Cu and Ag, and 3) α‐boryl alkyl complexes with late transition metals. This trend map aids selection of the appropriate reactive synthon depending on the reactivity sought.
Effects of Sludge Characteristics on the Critical Flux of an AnMBR for Sludge Treatment
Authors: Lutze Robert , Engelhart Markus
Published: June 2021

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for sludge digestion enable extensive degradation of organic matter with reduced reactor volume. The filtration efficiency mainly determines capex and opex. Filtration efficiency (critical flux in this study) for all digested sludges tested with TS > 2.5 % depended in particular on the apparent viscosity at the membrane surface. It did not correlate sufficiently with, among others, total solids concentration and the capillary suction time. The critical flux was improved by increasing the rotational speed (crossflow) and by reducing the viscosity of the digested sludge by adding iron salts.
Mixed infection, risk projection, and misdirection: Interactions among pathogens alter links between host resources and disease
Authors: Strauss Alexander T. , Bowerman Lucas , Porath‐Krause Anita , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T.
Published: June 2021

A growing body of literature links resources of hosts to their risk of infectious disease. Yet most hosts encounter multiple pathogens, and projections of disease risk based on resource availability could be fundamentally wrong if they do not account for interactions among pathogens within hosts. Here, we measured infection risk of grass hosts (Avena sativa) exposed to three naturally co‐occurring viruses either singly or jointly (barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses [B/CYDVs]: CYDV‐RPV, BYDV‐PAV, and BYDV‐SGV) along experimental gradients of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We asked whether disease risk (i.e., infection prevalence) differed in single versus co‐inoculations, and whether these differences varied with rates and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. In single inoculations, the viruses did not respond strongly to nitrogen or phosphorus. However, in co‐inoculations, we detected illustrative cases of 1) resource‐dependent antagonism (lower prevalence of RPV with increasing N; possibly due to competition), 2) resource‐dependent facilitation (higher prevalence of SGV with decreasing N:P; possibly due to immunosuppression), and 3) weak or no interactions within hosts (for PAV). Together, these within‐host interactions created emergent patterns for co‐inoculated hosts, with both infection prevalence and viral richness increasing with the combination of low nitrogen and high phosphorus supply. We demonstrate that knowledge of multiple pathogens is essential for predicting disease risk from host resources and that projections of risk that fail to acknowledge resource‐dependent interactions within hosts could be qualitatively wrong. Expansions of theory from community ecology theory may help anticipate such relationships by linking host resources to diverse pathogen communities.
Investigating bound handling schemes and parameter settings for the interior search algorithm to solve truss problems
Authors: Kashani Ali R. , Chiong Raymond , Dhakal Sandeep , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: June 2021

The interior search algorithm (ISA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by esthetic techniques used for interior design and decoration. The algorithm has only one parameter, controlled by θ, and uses an evolutionary boundary constraint handling (BCH) strategy to keep itself within an admissible solution space while approaching the optimum. We apply the ISA to find optimal weight design of truss structures with frequency constraints. Sensitivity of the ISA's performance to the θ parameter and the BCH strategy is investigated by considering different values of θ and BCH techniques. This is the first study in the literature on the sensitivity of truss optimization problems to various BCH approaches. Moreover, we also study the impact of different BCH methods on diversification and intensification. Through extensive numerical simulations, we identified the best BCH methods that provide consistently better results for all truss problems studied, and obtained a range of θ that maximizes the ISA's performance for all problem classes studied. However, results also recommend further fine‐tuning of parameter settings for specific case studies to obtain the best results.
Single point diagnosis of short circuit abuse condition in lithium‐ion battery through impedance data
Authors: Vyas Mayank , Pareek Kapil , Sapre Shitanshu , Garg Akhil
Published: June 2021

Lithium‐ion batteries have a confined frame of stability features in context to voltage and temperature. Abrupt attenuation in the above features may result in safety concerns. The present work provides an imperative experimental single point impedance diagnostic for analysis of external (soft) short‐circuit abusiveness as per IEC 62660‐2(3) of PANASONIC NCR 18650PF 3.6 V 2750 mAh lithium‐ion battery using 5 mΩ resistance applied externally across battery terminals using BK Precision 8510 programmable DC load. Characterization of the abusiveness of the test battery has been performed through the electrochemical AC impedance for single point impedance measurement at 1 KHz. Variations in the battery parameters during the test condition were also measured and analysed. Results reveal that the test battery experiences a rapid increase in the temperature rise where anodic reactions in the battery crop up at an initial temperature of 60°C with a sudden clamp in temperature around 85oC to 100oC indicating breakdown occurring at sold‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Cathode side reactions have initiated at 100°C resulting in oxidation of the electrolyte and thermal runaway has been observed with a steep temperature rise of 45°C/min. AC impedance data for abused battery showed a drastic increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR) up to 78.1 Ω and diffusion constant (W) up to 200 Ω/s compared to the fresh battery. These changes show the kinetic effects, due to the impact of high‐frequency on the anode and low‐frequency effects on mass transportation, inside the battery. Finally, the battery AC impedance data were validated through data available in published work and KK‐transformation. The results shed light on a detailed study of the various electrochemical phenomenon in a lithium‐ion battery that occurred during short‐circuit (external) abuse condition.
A case of mixed tumor formed by metastasis of urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma to the same lymph nodes
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Fukuhara Hideo , Yamamoto Shnikuro , Karashima Takashi , Iguchi Mitsuko , Murakami Ichiro , Inoue Keiji
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Mixed tumor in the same lymph nodes is extremely rare and no previous reports have described mixed tumor comprising urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma.

Case presentation

A 71‐year‐old woman visited a local clinic with a main complaint of hematuria. Imaging revealed right hydronephrosis and a mid‐ureter tumor shadow. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed high uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in para‐aortic lymph nodes. Abdominal para‐aortic lymph node biopsy was performed. Pathology showed urothelial carcinoma and malignant lymphoma in the same lymph nodes, where a mixed tumor was diagnosed.

Conclusion

We encountered a case of mixed tumor of urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, which metastasized to the same tissues.
Early inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling slows load-induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis development in mice
Authors: Ziemian Sophia N. , Witkowski Ana M. , Wright Timothy M. , Otero Miguel , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H.
Published: June 2021

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is associated with abnormal and increased subchondral bone remodeling. Inhibiting altered remodeling immediately following joint damage can slow PTOA progression. Clinically, however, inhibiting remodeling when significant joint damage is already present has minimal effects in slowing further disease progression. We sought to determine the treatment window following PTOA initiation in which inhibiting remodeling can attenuate progression of joint damage. We hypothesized that the most effective treatment would be to inhibit remodeling immediately after PTOA initiation. We used an animal model in which a single bout of mechanical loading was applied to the left tibia of 26-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice at a peak load of 9 N to initiate load-induced PTOA development. Following loading, we inhibited bone remodeling using daily alendronate (ALN) treatment administered either immediately or with 1 or 2 weeks' delay up to 3 or 6 weeks post-loading. A vehicle (VEH) treatment group controlled for daily injections. Cartilage and subchondral bone morphology and osteophyte development were analyzed and compared among treatment groups. Inhibiting remodeling using ALN immediately after load-induced PTOA initiation reduced cartilage degeneration, slowed osteophyte formation, and preserved subchondral bone volume compared to VEH treatment. Delaying the inhibition of bone remodeling at 1 or 2 weeks similarly attenuated cartilage degeneration at 6 weeks, but did not slow the development of osteoarthritis (OA)-related changes in the subchondral bone, including osteophyte formation and subchondral bone erosions. Immediate inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling was most effective in slowing PTOA progression across the entire joint, indicating that abnormal bone remodeling within the first week following PTOA initiation played a critical role in subsequent cartilage damage, subchondral bone changes, and overall joint degeneration. These results highlight the potential of anti-resorptive drugs as preemptive therapies for limiting PTOA development after joint injury, rather than as disease-modifying therapies after joint damage is established. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
How can systems thinking help us in the COVID‐19 crisis?
Authors: Zięba Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak remains one of the most influential events in the global economy over the recent years. While being primarily public health related, it has a tremendous impact on many other aspects, including business management. Many businesses were forced to introduce rapid changes to their business models in order to survive. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity and interrelations of changes triggered by COVID‐19 outbreak. Understanding of this complexity is crucial for developing business resilience to similar events in the future. The paper uses systems thinking approach to analyze influence of COVID‐19 pandemic on business operations and to show the importance of the proper government response to the COVID‐19 crisis. A causal loop diagram is used to show the complicated mechanisms behind the impact of pandemic on several aspects of business operation and management. Perceptions of some variables play more important roles than actual variables, and it often requires more than one actor to solve a particular problem. Adaptive business management may prove to be a particular challenge for small business owners. The paper provides useful insights into the complex nature of contemporary business operation and management in the wake of a major epidemiological crisis. It may contribute to a better understanding of important factors that often tend to be disregarded and not paid enough attention to. It offers food for thought not only for academics, but also to business owners/managers, aware of the complexity of contemporary world and to government‐level decision‐makers.
Efficacy of Topical Epinephrine in Tympanoplasty
Authors: List Marna A. , Dirain Carolyn O. , Haberman Rex S. , Antonelli Patrick J.
Published: June 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare the hemostatic effects of commonly used concentrations of topical epinephrine in tympanoplasty.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Methods

Patients undergoing tympanoplasty were randomized to receive topical epinephrine at 1:1,000 or 1:10,000. With the investigators blinded, hemostasis was assessed with a modified Boezaart scale. Vasoconstriction was measured by laser Doppler. Blood pressure and pulse were tracked.

Results

Thirty patients, 4 to 84 years old, were studied, with 15 patients per group. Boezaart scores dropped a mean of 67% and 62% with 1:1,000 and 1:10,000, respectively (P = .44). Capillary blood flow decreased a mean of 50.4% and 50.9% with 1:1,000 and 1:10,000, respectively (P = .95). The mean change in heart rate and mean arterial pressure after topical epinephrine exposure were −4.9 and −0.73 beats per minute (P = .15), and −0.60 and −0.73 mmHg (P = .96) for 1:1,000 and 1:10,000 respectively. No adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusions

Topical epinephrine at 1:10,000 has hemostatic efficacy comparable to 1:1,000 in tympanoplasty. Although both concentrations appear safe, use of topical epinephrine 1:10,000 should be considered over 1:1,000 to minimize the potential for adverse events.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 131:2319–2322, 2021