bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic safety assessment to determine the seismic fragility of NPP
Authors: Králik Juraj , Králik Juraj
Published: April 2020

This paper gives the results of the probabilistic analysis of the seismic resistance of nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. The seismic probabilistic safety assessment based on the requirements of the agency IAEA and US NRC are presented. On the base of the geophysical and seismological monitoring of locality the peak ground acceleration and the spectrum of the acceleration was defined for the return period 104 years. There is showed summary of calculation models and calculation methods for the probability analysis of the structural safety considering load, material and model uncertainties. The numerical simulations were realized in the system ANSYS. The results from the safety analysis of the NPP structures with reactor VVER440 are presented.
Resistance of glass window subjected to high velocity soft impact
Authors: Figuli Lucia , Erdelyiová Romana , Papán Daniel , Papánová Zuzana
Published: April 2020

Nowadays glass as a structural material is spread use not only for buildings in form of façade, windows and columns, but as well as for the protection of displays of electronical devices, or windows used in aeroplanes. In all cases is essential to describe the behaviour of glass panels under the high velocity soft impact caused for example by bird strike, icicles impact and bumps. In this paper the aim is to describe method to estimate the resistance of glass against drop soft impact and the comparison with the real tests.
Strengthening the existing connection of steel beams with a column
Authors: Palacz Przemysław , Major Izabela
Published: April 2020

The paper presents a solution that includes strengthening the connection of a support column with beams from both sides, placed in a vertical plane together with the pole. All the bar elements connected in the analyzed node were made of hot-rolled steel I-sections. Due to the need to increase the load on the joined beams to the pole, load-bearing capacity of the primary connection is lost, which necessitates the reinforcement of the existing connection. The analysis carried out in this paper shown exceeding the allowable stresses in the column web at the place of joining the beams. The calculations made in this paper showed the possibilities of restoring the safe operation of the connection node in question, by introducing elements increasing its load-bearing capacity. In addition to analytical calculations, numerical analysis was also performed using the ADINA program.
Optimization of SUAV’s propeller in a hover
Authors: Hnidka Jakub , Rozehnal Dalibor , Maňas Karel
Published: April 2020

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs) have found a widespread application in past decades. However, as the criticality of the missions for which they can be used increases, the demand for improvement of their efficiency increases as well. The paper focuses on a propeller driven SUAVs of a multirotor type, equipped with an electric motor, battery and propeller. The paper presents a simplified method of calculation of the SUAV maximal endurance, if the characteristics of all components of the propulsion system are known. To improve the overall efficiency of the propulsion system of an SUAV, the correct combination of all propulsion system components is critical. However, the largest impact on the maximal endurance is, arguably, caused by the propeller. The paper proposes a simple method of optimizing the propeller characteristics for hover and compares the proposed propeller design with conventional and commercially available propellers.
Scaling of wind turbine aerodynamics: wind tunnel experiments
Authors: Macháček Michael , Pospíšil Stanislav , Kozmar Hrvoje
Published: April 2020

A small-scale wind turbine model was designed and manufactured to study its aerodynamic thrust force and the harvested flow energy. To provide a good understanding of the aerodynamics of the small-scale wind turbine at the low Reynolds number, the performance of three different types of blade airfoils was studied. The main motivation for the design of a new miniature wind turbine model was to achieve realistic values of the thrust force and the power coefficient on the model scale. A new blade profile with a thickness of 10% was designed and employed to reach the high tip-speed ratio, which is characteristic of contemporary wind turbines.
Effect of sulfur fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst ex R.E. Fries) seeds
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Jankowski Krzysztof J.
Published: April 2020

Crambe seeds have numerous industrial applications. Crambe seed oil contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. Seeds contain crude protein, amino acid, glucosinolates. They are used in human and animal nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of crambe seeds subjected to fertilization at 0, 15, 30 kg S ha−1. Thousand seed weight ranged from 6.93 g (0S) to 8.04 g (30S). All results were statistically significantly different. Length (L) of seeds ranged from 2.20 mm (0S, 15S) to 2.24 mm (30S), width (S) ranged from 1.90 mm (0S) to 1.95 mm (30S), surface area (F) ranged from 3.53 mm2 (0S) to 3.67 mm2 (30S). All samples (0S, 15S, 30S) formed one homogenous group for the values of L, S, F. Crude fat content was 349.8 g kg−1 DM (0S) to 377.9 g kg−1 DM (30S) and crude protein content was 241.0 g kg−1 DM (0S) to 250.3 g kg−1 DM (30S). The results for each sample were statistically significantly different. The results can be used in practice to determine the dose of sulfur fertilizer. Fertilization caused changes in 1000 seed weight of crambe. Additionally, selected linear dimensions and shape factors of crambe seeds were affected by fertilizer. Sulfur fertilization caused changes in the crude fat and crude protein content of crambe seeds.
Detection and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in feces of domestic cats in Colombia
Authors: Zamora-Vélez Alejandro , Triviño Jessica , Cuadrado-Ríos Sebastián , Lora-Suarez Fabiana , Enrique Gómez-Marín Jorge
Published: April 2020

The high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the human population in Colombia has been linked to the existence of a high density of urban stray cats, exposing the whole population to a high density of oocysts. The goal of this study was to determine the DNA prevalence of T. gondii by conventional PCR and to phylogenetically analyze ROP18 sequences from positive samples in domestic cat (Felis catus) fecal samples in the city of Armenia, Quindío. Fecal samples from 140 cats were collected from 10 districts around the city. Samples were concentrated using Ritchie’s method and analyzed through optical microscopy. Concentrates were used for DNA extraction followed by nested PCR amplification for T. gondii gene B1. PCR for ROP18 was performed on all B1 positive samples; the ROP18 sequences obtained were related to the Archetype I Brazilian and Chinese strains. No oocysts were detected by optical microscopy; however, 17.8% (25/140) B1 and 24% (6/25) ROP18 PCR-positive samples were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates clustered into a single group. We assessed whether associations existed between T. gondii positive fecal samples and survey variables such as cat healthcare and socioeconomic characteristics of owners, but no statistically significant associations were found. The presence of T. gondii in cat feces is an important factor contributing to the high prevalence in the human population of this city.
Some progress on the mixed roman domination in graphs
Authors: Ahangar Hossein Abdollahzadeh , Amjadi Jafar , Chellali Mustapha , Kosari Saeed , Samodivkin Vladimir , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

Let G = (V, E) be a simple graph with vertex setxs V and edge set E. A mixed Roman dominating function of G is a function f : V ∪ E → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the condition that every element x ∈ V ∪ E for which f(x) = 0 is adjacent or incident to at least one element y ∈ V ∪ E for which f(y) = 2. The weight of a mixed Roman dominating function f is ω(f) = ∑x∈V∪E f(x). The mixed Roman domination number γR(G) of G is the minimum weight of a mixed Roman dominating function of G. We first show that the problem of computing γR*(G) is NP-complete for bipartite graphs and then we present upper and lower bounds on the mixed Roman domination number, some of them are for the class of trees.
Resektion eines intramedullären Tumors: How I do it
Authors: Klekamp Jörg
Published: April 2020

Die operative Behandlung intramedullärer Tumoren zählt zu den anspruchsvollsten Aufgaben in der Neurochirurgie. In diesem Artikel wird die mikrochirurgische Technik zur Entfernung der häufigsten histologischen Typen dargestellt. Dank der technischen Entwicklungen bei der Diagnostik mittels Kernspintomographie, dem intraoperativen Monitoring der Rückenmarkfunktionen und den mikrochirurgischen Verfahren kann ein Großteil der meist gutartigen Tumoren funktionserhaltend entfernt werden, sofern der Eingriff vor der Entwicklung gravierender neurologischer Störungen vorgenommen wird.
Prüfungsthema: Sexualität
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: April 2020

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit dem Thema Sexualität.
Vegane Kinderernährung: Hinweise zur praktischen Umsetzung
Authors: Alexy Ute , Weder Stine , Hoffmann Morwenna , Keller Markus
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich für eine vegane Ernährung ohne tierische Lebensmittel, darunter auch Familien mit Kindern.

Material und Methodik Die bekannten lebensmittelbezogenen Empfehlungen für die Ernährung von Säuglingen (der Ernährungsplan für das 1. Lebensjahr) und Kindern und Jugendlichen (die Optimierte Mischkost, OMK) werden an die Anforderungen einer veganen Ernährung angepasst.

Ergebnisse Der im Ernährungsplan vorgesehene Gemüse-Kartoffel-Fleisch-Brei kann durch einen Gemüse-Kartoffel-Getreide-Brei ersetzt werden. Der Milch-Getreide-Brei kann mit einer kommerziellen Sojanahrung zubereitet werden, die auch für nicht gestillte Säuglinge, die keine Kuhmilch bekommen sollen, als Flaschennahrung geeignet ist. Für Kinder und Jugendliche wurden nach derselben Vorgehensweise wie für die OMK eine Optimierte Vegane Kost (OVK) berechnet, mit der die aktuellen Referenzwerte für die Energie- und Nährstoffzufuhr erreicht werden. Eine Supplementierung mit Vitamin B12 ist für alle vegan ernährten Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche obligatorisch.

Schlussfolgerung Im Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie der Bedarf an potenziell kritischen Nährstoffen auch im Wachstumsalter durch pflanzliche Lebensmittel, ergänzt durch die gezielte Auswahl angereicherter Lebensmittel und Supplemente, gedeckt werden kann.
High-quality colon cleansing and multiple neoplasia detection with 1L NER1006 versus mid-volume options: Post hoc analysis of phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Epstein Michael S. , Benamouzig Robert , Halonen Juha , Bisschops Raf
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Multiple neoplasia increase the risk of colorectal cancer. High-quality cleansing may improve adenoma detection. We assessed whether a new bowel preparation can improve colon cleansing and multiple lesion detection.

Patients and methods This post hoc analysis of two randomized clinical trials in Europe and the US assessed the per study and combined cleansing efficacy of overnight split dosing with (preparation + clear fluids) 1 + 1 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) NER1006 versus 2 + 1 L PEG + ascorbate (2LPEG) or 1 + 2 L oral sulfate solution (OSS) combined. Treatment-blinded central readers assessed cleansing quality using the Harefield Cleansing Scale (HCS). Patients with full segmental scoring were included. HCS segmental scores 0–4 (high-quality = HCS 3–4) were analyzed for NER1006 versus 2LPEG/OSS. Mean number of polyps or adenomas per patient (MPP/MAP) was calculated for treatments in patients with at least one polyp or adenoma.

Results In 1037 patients, NER1006 attained a greater rate of HCS 3 scores (29 % vs. 20 %; P < 0.001) and HCS 4 scores (20 % vs. 17 %; P = 0.007) versus 2LPEG/OSS. More polyps (678 versus 585) and adenomas (397 versus 331) were detected with NER1006 (N = 517) versus 2LPEG/OSS (N = 520). In all neoplasia-positive patients, with increasing minimal per-patient neoplasia multiplicity from 1 to 10, NER1006 numerically improved MPP (difference ± SE: 0.48 ± 0.24 to 3.89 ± 3.37) and MAP (0.47 ± 0.26 to 7.50 ± 9.00) versus 2LPEG/OSS.

Conclusions Low-volume NER1006 enhances high-quality cleansing versus medium-volume 2LPEG or OSS, individually and when combined. NER1006 may consequently facilitate the detection of multiple neoplasia in patients.
Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years: a multicenter study
Authors: Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Moran Robert A. , Familiari Pietro , Dbouk Mohamad H. , Costamagna Guido , Ichkhanian Yervant , Seewald Stefan , Bapaye Amol , Cho Joo Young , Barret Maximilien , Eleftheriadis Nikolas , Pioche Mathieu , Hayee Bu' Hussain , Tantau Marcel , Ujiki Michael , Landi Rosario , Invernizzi Martina , Yoo In Kyung , Roman Sabine , Haji Amyn , Hedberg H. Mason , Parsa Nasim , Mion Francois , Fayad Lea , Kumbhari Vivek , Agarwalla Anant , Ngamruengphong Saowanee , Sanaei Omid , Ponchon Thierry , Khashab Mouen A.
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is associated with a short-term clinical response of 82 % to 100 % in treatment of patients with achalasia. Data are limited on the long-term durability of the clinical response in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing POEM for management of achalasia.

Methods This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent POEM for management of achalasia. Patients had a minimum of 4 years follow-up. Clinical response was defined by an Eckardt score ≤ 3.

Results A total of 146 patients were included from 11 academic medical centers. Mean (± SD) age was 49.8 (± 16) years and 79 (54 %) were female. The most common type of achalasia was type II, seen in 70 (47.9 %) patients, followed by type I seen in 41 (28.1 %) patients. Prior treatments included: pneumatic dilation in 29 (19.9 %), botulinum toxin injection in 13 (8.9 %) and Heller myotomy in seven patients (4.8 %). Eight adverse events occurred (6 mucosotomies, 2 pneumothorax) in eight patients (5.5 %). Median follow-up duration was 55 months (IQR 49.9–60.6). Clinical response was observed in 139 (95.2 %) patients at follow-up of ≥ 48 months. Symptomatic reflux after POEM was seen in 45 (32.1 %) patients, while 35.3 % of patients were using daily PPI at 48 months post POEM. Reflux esophagitis was noted in 16.8 % of patients who underwent endoscopy.

Conclusion POEM is a durable and safe procedure with an acceptably low adverse event rate and an excellent long-term clinical response.
Die Universitätsambulanz für Integrative Gesundheitsver-sorgung und Naturheilkunde an der Universität Witten/Herdecke – ein Modell für die ambulante Versorgung der Zukunft?
Authors: Altmann Nina , Kerckhoff Annette , Esch Tobias
Published: April 2020

Die Universitätsambulanz für IntegrativeGesundheitsversorgung und Naturheilkunde(UnIG) am Standort Witten/Herdecke ist einPilotprojekt, welches ein bundesweit neuesOrganisationsmodell für die Integrative Gesundheitsversorgungin ambulanten Strukturenerprobt und evaluiert. Im Vordergrundsteht die Förderung des Selbstmanagementsder Patienten. Diese soll durch eine integrativeBehandlung in einem multiprofessionellenTeam erreicht werden.
Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA)
Authors: Alhuwail Dari , Al-Jafar Eiman , Alshammari Riyad , Al-Shorbaji Najeeb , El Hassan Osama , Al-Hamdan Zaid , Alshammari Abdulwahhab , Luque Luis Fernandez , AL Salmi Salim , Taweel Adel , AlKhalifa Khalid , Househ Mowafa , Al Thani Dena A.
Published: April 2020

Over the years, Health Informatics initiatives in the Middle East and North African region have been thriving with a number of different educational, scientific, professional, and technological developments taking place. Within the past year, Health Informatics initiatives in the region have focused on the educational and capacity building efforts. This regional report provides an overview of the wide spectrum of initiatives and developments that are taking place within the region which are supported by the Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA).
Ethical Considerations for Participatory Health through Social Media: Healthcare Workforce and Policy Maker Perspectives
Authors: Rivera-Romero Octavio , Konstantinidis Stathis , Denecke Kerstin , Gabarrón Elia , Petersen Carolyn , Househ Mowafa , Merolli Mark , Mayer Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To identify the different ethical issues that should be considered in participatory health through social media from different stakeholder perspectives (i.e., patients/service users, health professionals, health information technology (If) professionals, and policy makers) in any healthcare context.

Methods: We implemented a two-round survey composed of open ended questions in the first round, aggregated into a list of ethical issues rated for importance by participants in the second round, to generate a ranked list of possible ethical issues in participatory health based on healthcare professionals’ and policy makers’ opinions on both their own point of view and their beliefs for other stakeholders’ perspectives.

Results: Twenty-six individuals responded in the first round of the survey. Multiple ethical issues were identified for each perspective. Data privacy, data security, and digital literacy were common themes in all perspectives. Thirty-three individuals completed the second round of the survey. Data privacy and data security were ranked among the three most important ethical issues in all perspectives. Quality assurance was the most important issue from the healthcare professionals’ perspective and the second most important issue from the patients’ perspective. Data privacy was the most important consideration for patients/service users. Digital literacy was ranked as the fourth most important issue, except for policy makers’ perspective.

Conclusions: Different stakeholders’ opinions fairly agreed that there are common ethical issues that should be considered across the four groups (patients, healthcare professionals, health IT professionals, policy makers) such as data privacy, security, and quality assurance.
Neuroprotective Efficacy of Prophylactic Antiepileptic Therapies in Busulfan Conditioning Regimen
Authors: Cokyaman Turgay , Elli Murat , Aydin Ömer F. , Albayrak Canan , Albayrak Davut , Özyürek Emel
Published: April 2020

Busulfan (BU) is commonly used in the anticancer treatment and bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (BM/HSCT) conditioning regimen. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of antiepileptic therapies in the BU conditioning regimen. Patients who underwent BM/HSCT between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2014, were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnosis, demographic characteristics, neurological side effects, electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities, and antiepileptic drugs were determined. Levetiracetam was given to 49% and phenytoin to 23% of patients as antiepileptic prophylaxis. After BU treatment, seizures developed in three patients, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy in two patients, and peripheral neuropathy in two patients. Forty-five patients who underwent EEG before and after BU treatment were identified. The effects of antiepileptic prophylaxis over the electroencephalographic abnormalities after the BU conditioning regimen were found to be not different (p = 0.491). Neurological side effects and electroencephalographic abnormalities following BU conditioning regimen under antiepileptic prophylaxis are comparable.
Predictive Factors for Return to Driving following Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Poiset Spencer , Abboudi Jack , Gallant Gregory , Jones Christopher , Kirkpatrick William , Kwok Moody , Liss Frederic , Rivlin Michael , Takei T. Robert , Wang Mark , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: April 2020

Background A common query by patients undergoing distal radius fracture (DRF) repair is when (s)he can resume driving postoperatively. A prospective cohort analysis was performed to assess fracture and patient factors on a patient's self-reported ability to return to driving to better inform patients and surgeons.

Methods Consecutive patients undergoing DRF repair with locking volar plate were enrolled. Preoperative demographic and radiographic characteristics, and postoperative time to return to driving were collected. Data collected included age, sex, hand dominance, body mass index (BMI), level of education, concomitant ulnar fracture, fracture setting prior to surgery, and AO fracture classification.

Results A total of 131 patients were enrolled (108 women, 23 men) with 36 AO type A, 22 AO type B, and 73 AO type C DRFs, with an average age of 59.5 years. Fracture severity by classification did not significantly affect time to return to driving. However, BMI, sex, and age were found to significantly affect time to return to driving. Patients aged 19 to 59 years, 60 to 75 years, and over 75 years returned to driving 13.1, 15.4, and 30.1 days following surgery, respectively (p < 0.01). Classified by BMI, patients that were normal weight, overweight, and obese returned to driving 11.5, 13.1, and 21.0 days following surgery, respectively (p < 0.05). Men returned to driving 8.8 days and women 17.3 days postoperatively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion Patients severity of fracture as determined by AO fracture type did not affect time to driving, while increased BMI, female sex, and increased age were found to be significant factors in patients' return to driving time after distal radius fracture repair.

Level of Evidence This is a Level II, prospective cohort study.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Critical Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot
Authors: Cesar Regina Grigolli , Bispo Bibiane Ramos Pinheiro , Felix Priscilla Helena Costa Alves , Modolo Maria Carolina Caparica , Souza Andreia Aparecida Freitas , Horigoshi Nelson K. , Rotta Alexandre T.
Published: April 2020

We conducted a randomized controlled pilot study in infants with critical bronchiolitis (n = 63) comparing high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC, n = 35) to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP, n = 28). The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the need for bilevel positive pressure ventilation or endotracheal intubation. Treatment failure occurred in 10 patients (35.7%) in the CPAP group and 13 patients (37.1%) in the HFNC group (p = 0.88). Pediatric intensive care unit length of stay was similar between the CPAP and HFNC groups (5 [4–7] days and 5 [4–8] days, p = 0.46, respectively). In this pilot study, treatment with HFNC resulted in a rate of treatment failure similar to CPAP.
Entanglement breaking rank and the existence of SIC POVMs
Authors: Pandey Satish K. , Paulsen Vern I. , Prakash Jitendra , Rahaman Mizanur
Published: April 2020

We introduce and study the entanglement breaking rank of an entanglement breaking channel. We show that the entanglement breaking rank of the channel Z:Md→Md defined by Z(X)=1d+1(X+Tr(X)Id) is d2 if and only if there exists a symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measure in dimension d.
The right Riemann–Liouville fractional Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities derived from Green’s function
Authors: Iqbal Arshad , Adil Khan Muhammad , Suleman Muhammad , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work is to present the right Riemann–Liouville fractional integral version of Hermite–Hadamard inequality via a relatively new method through the Green’s function approach. In the process, some identities are established. Using these identities, we obtain loads of new results for functions whose second derivative is convex, monotone, and concave in absolute value. We anticipate that the method outlined in this article will stimulate further investigation in this direction.
Imaging phonon dynamics with ultrafast electron microscopy: Kinematical and dynamical simulations
Authors: Du Daniel X. , Flannigan David J.
Published: April 2020

Ultrafast x-ray and electron scattering techniques have proven to be useful for probing the transient elastic lattice deformations associated with photoexcited coherent acoustic phonons. Indeed, femtosecond electron imaging using an ultrafast electron microscope (UEM) has been used to directly image the influence of nanoscale structural and morphological discontinuities on the emergence, propagation, dispersion, and decay behaviors in a variety of materials. Here, we describe our progress toward the development of methods ultimately aimed at quantifying acoustic-phonon properties from real-space UEM images via conventional image simulation methods extended to the associated strain-wave lattice deformation symmetries and extents. Using a model system consisting of pristine single-crystal Ge and a single, symmetric Lamb-type guided-wave mode, we calculate the transient strain profiles excited in a wedge specimen and then apply both kinematical- and dynamical-scattering methods to simulate the resulting UEM bright-field images. While measurable contrast strengths arising from the phonon wavetrains are found for optimally oriented specimens using both approaches, incorporation of dynamical scattering effects via a multi-slice method returns better qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Contrast strengths arising solely from phonon-induced local lattice deformations are increased by nearly an order of magnitude when incorporating multiple electron scattering effects. We also explicitly demonstrate the effects of changes in global specimen orientation on the observed contrast strength, and we discuss the implications for increasing the sophistication of the model with respect to quantification of phonon properties from UEM images.
Controlled beams of shock-frozen, isolated, biological and artificial nanoparticles
Authors: Samanta Amit K. , Amin Muhamed , Estillore Armando D. , Roth Nils , Worbs Lena , Horke Daniel A. , Küpper Jochen
Published: April 2020

X-ray free-electron lasers promise diffractive imaging of single molecules and nanoparticles with atomic spatial resolution. This relies on the averaging of millions of diffraction patterns of identical particles, which should ideally be isolated in the gas phase and preserved in their native structure. Here, we demonstrated that polystyrene nanospheres and Cydia pomonella granulovirus can be transferred into the gas phase, isolated, and very quickly shock-frozen, i.e., cooled to 4 K within microseconds in a helium-buffer-gas cell, much faster than state-of-the-art approaches. Nanoparticle beams emerging from the cell were characterized using particle-localization microscopy with light-sheet illumination, which allowed for the full reconstruction of the particle beams, focused to <100 μm, as well as for the determination of particle flux and number density. The experimental results were quantitatively reproduced and rationalized through particle-trajectory simulations. We propose an optimized setup with cooling rates for particles of few-nanometers on nanosecond timescales. The produced beams of shock-frozen isolated nanoparticles provide a breakthrough in sample delivery, e.g., for diffractive imaging and microscopy or low-temperature nanoscience.
Room-temperature photoluminescence of Mg-doped GaN thin films grown by plasma-assisted MOCVD
Authors: Arifin Pepen , Sugianto  , Subagio Agus , Sutanto Heri , Dwiputra Donny , Florena Fenfen F. , Keintjem Aveni C. , Khaeroni Rany
Published: April 2020

The growth of Mg-doped GaN thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using NH3 and Cp2Mg as a source of nitrogen and Mg, respectively, usually produces Mg–H complexes, which hinder the activation of Mg as shallow acceptor centers. Therefore, post-growth treatments are commonly required to activate these acceptor centers. The presence of Mg dopants in GaN films induces various defect-related emissions whose characteristics depend on the growth method. For this study, we prepared Mg-doped GaN thin films by plasma-assisted MOCVD. A nitrogen-plasma, instead of NH3, served as a nitrogen source to minimize the formation of Mg–H complexes, thereby eliminating the requirement for post-growth treatment. The emission characteristics were obtained by measuring the photoluminescence of the as-grown room-temperature films. Yellow, green, blue, and ultraviolet emission bands are produced by Mg-doped samples with different Mg concentrations produced by Cp2Mg flow rates of 2%, 5%, and 10% of the total flow rate. Low-Mg concentration leads to nitrogen and gallium vacancies, which results in yellow photoluminescence. At higher Mg concentration, the yellow photoluminescence is suppressed and the blue photoluminescence is enhanced because of the incorporation of vacancies by Mg atoms. The analysis of the photoluminescence spectra leads to the proposed band diagrams for Mg-doped GaN with varying Mg concentration.
Emergent behavior of LaNiO3 in short-periodic nickelate superlattices
Authors: Patel Ranjan Kumar , Meyers D. , Liu Xiaoran , Mandal Prithwijit , Kareev M. , Shafer P. , Kim J.-W. , Ryan P. J. , Middey S. , Chakhalian J.
Published: April 2020

Heterostructure engineering provides an efficient way to obtain several emergent phases of LaNiO3, as demonstrated in recent studies. In this work, a new class of short-periodic superlattice, consisting of LaNiO3 and EuNiO3, has been grown by pulsed laser interval deposition to investigate the effect of structural symmetry mismatch on the electronic and magnetic behaviors. Using synchrotron-based soft and hard x-ray resonant scattering experiments, we have found that these heterostructures undergo simultaneous electronic and magnetic transitions. Most importantly, LaNiO3 within these artificial structures exhibits a new antiferromagnetic, charge ordered insulating phase, which may be a potential candidate to achieve high temperature superconductivity.
Insights into the cognition of mood selection in L2 learners of
Spanish
Authors: Collentine Joseph , Collentine Karina
Published: April 2020

DeKeyser
(2007a) submits that second-language acquisition research
must identify the ideal task-design features for automatizing
grammatical abilities in practice. We therefore report the results
of a study that used meaningful computer assisted language learning
(CALL) practice to promote foreign-language learners’
proceduralization of Spanish mood-selection in relative clauses
(e.g., Busco un libro que es/sea muy interesante)
premised on skill acquisition theory (DeKeyser, 2007b). The results indicate
that, when CALL practice is deliberate, meaningful, and entails
metalinguistic feedback (Cerezo,
2010), learners process mood selection more fluently and
efficiently as practice progresses. The analysis also indicates that
elaborate practice activities (i.e., involving multiple features of
relative clauses) are more effective at promoting grammatical
proceduralization than simple activities.
The seem-class verb paradigm and restructuring in Romance
Authors: Cruz Flores Abel
Published: April 2020

This paper examines clitic climbing in contexts
featuring Spanish parecer ‘seem’, a verb that has
been claimed to lack restructuring altogether in Spanish (Gallego, 2009; Torrego, 1996; Zagona, 1982). The paper
identifies several contexts favoring clitic climbing with
parecer. In particular, 3rd person clitic
climbing is favored with psychological predicates and functional
elements such as negation, temporal priority adverbs, and left
dislocated elements. It is argued that Spanish
parecer is a bona fide example of restructuring
(R-parecer). This paper offers an account of
R-parecer in terms of Cinque’s (2004, 2006) approach to restructuring. Moreover,
this paper also investigates whether R-parecer is
subject to Cinque’s
(2004, 2006)
rigidly ordered functional hierarchy of the clause. It is shown that
Spanish parecer and French sembler
‘seem’ deviate from Cinque’s functional hierarchy. The paper
concludes that we must leave open the possibility that lexical verbs
may also give rise to restructuring in Romance.
The Progressive-to-Imperfective shift
Authors: Fuchs Martín , Deo Ashwini , Piñango Maria Mercedes
Published: April 2020

Spanish has two markers (claimed to be in free
alternation) to convey that an event is in progress at reference
time: the Simple Present (e.g., canta, ‘sings’) and
the Present Progressive (e.g., está cantando, ‘is
singing’). Based on evidence from sentence
acceptability studies in three different Spanish dialects, we show
that the distribution of the two markers is not random, but
sensitive to contextual modulation. Specifically, results show that
the (ambiguous) Simple Present is more acceptable in contexts where
interlocutors share perceptual access to the event at issue.
Otherwise, participants favor the (unambiguous) Present Progressive.
We conclude that this variation reflects and is constrained by the
well-attested grammaticalization path in which
progressive markers gradually generalize to become imperfective
markers.
Demystifying Salvadoran [sθ]
Authors: Brogan Franny D.
Published: April 2020

In the Central American countries of El Salvador,
Honduras, and Nicaragua, /s/ not only weakens to [h] and [Ø] but is
variably produced as a voiceless approximant that is perceptually
similar to interdental [θ]. While this sound, which I refer to as
[sθ], has become a defining characteristic of these
dialects, little is known about its acoustic nature or what drives
its use linguistically. This paper aims to forge a more complete
understanding of this sound in Central America via an exploration of
these components in the Spanish of El Salvador. Acoustic and
sociophonetic analyses of [sθ] in the speech of 72
Salvadorans reveal that this sound can be situated on an
articulatory continuum between [s] and [h] and may be the result of
gestural undershoot within a framework of gradient consonant
lenition.
Subject-predicate code-switching
Authors: Koronkiewicz Bryan
Published: April 2020

There is continued debate on what determines the
rule-governed behavior of intrasentential code-switching. Central to
this debate is whether it is essential to differentiate between the
languages involved, i.e., a matrix language and an
embedded language. In favor of such an approach
is Myers-Scotton’s
(1993, 2002)
Matrix Language Frame Model, whereas MacSwan’s (1999, 2014) Minimalist approach to
code-switching operates independently of such a notion. To compare
these two frameworks, a written Acceptability Judgment Task was
completed by highly proficient Spanish-English bilinguals. The
results suggest that the (un)grammaticality of the subject-predicate
switch in embedded contexts does not align with the predictions made
by the proposal by Jake
(1994), an analysis that operates under the Matrix
Language Frame Model. Proposals within the Minimalist approach to
code-switching, both van
Gelderen and MacSwan (2008) and González-Vilbazo and Koronkiewicz (2016),
however, are effective at predicting grammaticality.
The differing behavior of loanwords in the Spanish of technology
and of fashion and beauty
Authors: Morin Regina , Robles Damián
Published: April 2020

This comparative study of loanwords in the language
of technology and of fashion and beauty in Spanish shows that their
behavior is starkly different in these semantic fields. Data from
Spanish language web pages show that lexical borrowing is more
frequent in fashion than in technology, borrowability of parts of
speech varies across these fields, technology loanwords are almost
exclusively Anglicisms but in fashion they come also from other
languages and have a more complex etymology, there is greater
morphological integration among technology than fashion loanwords,
and borrowing in technology is often accompanied by a kind of
metalinguistic commentary that reflects attitudes and beliefs that
is not seen in the fashion data.
Casting light on the Spanish creole debate
Authors: Sessarego Sandro
Published: April 2020

This paper provides a legal perspective on the
“Spanish Creole debate”, the debate concerning the paucity of
Spanish creoles in the Americas (Lipski 2005; McWhorter 2000). In so doing, it presents
the Legal Hypothesis of Creole Genesis (LHCG) (Sessarego 2015, 2017a) and tests it on Colombian Chocó, a
remote region, far away from urban centers and legal courts, where
law could hardly be enforced during the colonial period.
System-internal and system-external phonic expressivity
Authors: Joseph Brian D.
Published: April 2020

The expressive function of language as realized
phonically is explored here through an examination of the major role
that affricates play in various Balkan languages, but especially
Greek and Albanian, in marking words as showing emotion, affect,
color, and similar sorts of expressive dimensions. Moreover, it is
argued that language contact is an important causal factor here, in
part through the enhancement of already existing tendencies in the
languages in question and in part through the recognition that
system-external elements can have an “exotic” character and thus can
be especially suitable for participating in phonic expressivity.
Language that thinks us
Authors: Moyle Julian
Published: April 2020

My study directs attention to a text that would at first
seem unpromising for an investigation into iconicity given that it
is produced by an arbitrary constraint: the requirement that each
chapter restricts itself to the use of a single vowel. I offer
firstly a close analysis of Chapter E of Christian Bök’s
Eunoia. What is overtly a retelling of
The Iliad is read as an allegory about language
and about notions of iconicity and arbitrariness. The investigation
then goes on to explore how the use of the lipogrammatic constraints
lead to the production of a set of concentrated ‘grammars’. Each
‘grammar’ is shown to generate a distinctive conceptual framework
even though this ‘thinking’ is independent of human agency and is
produced by the arbitrary constraint. I conclude by considering how
this affects our perspectives on iconicity and on language.
Levels of iconicity in classical and modern English-language
haiku
Authors: Tabakowska Elżbieta
Published: April 2020

This chapter analyzes haiku poems
written in English, focusing on iconicity as a property of the
genre, based on its formal and semantic restrictions. Iconic miming
is argued to be an inherent aspect of poetics and Langacker’s
theoretical concept of dimensions of imagery in his cognitive theory
of language and grammar is presented as an instrument of analysis
for the selected poems. The fundamental assumption which underlies
the cognitive model of grammar is that language offers to its users
alternate ways of construing conceived situations for purposes of
linguistic expression, with individual parameters of meaning
construal making up a set of dimensions of imagery. Apart from
phonemic iconicity, iconic graphic representation and synesthesia,
the author illustrates the poets’ use, and the readers’ potential
interpretations, of cases of iconicity stemming from such aspects of
imagery as the grammatical distinction between things and relations,
as well as the oppositions between definiteness and indefiniteness,
figure and ground, and temporal and atemporal relations. In
conclusion, the author states that though the cognitive theory of
construal was formulated as part of a theory of language, the model
clearly finds direct application to the analysis of literary texts,
with the genre of haiku providing a salient
instance.
Salman Rushdie’s iconic syntax and its translation into
French
Authors: Utudji Mariane
Published: April 2020

Among the varied stylistic liberties that characterise
Salman Rushdie’s baroque writing style, two opposite syntactic
peculiarities stand out. The ‘syntax of continual flow’, which is
achieved through psychological sequencing and juxtaposition, tends to mimic the
protagonist’s inner state, while the ‘syntax of restraint’, which
consists of very short and elliptical constructions, reflects the
tense atmosphere of the depicted scene. Both mark exophoric iconicity in that they mirror the diegesis of Rushdie’s
narratives. This paper aims to discover how this diagrammatic
iconicity can be translated into French. It consists in an analysis
of two selected extracts from Midnight’s
Children (1981), Rushdie’s second novel, and their French
translations by Jean Guiloineau. It turns out that, owing to the
discrepancies between the English and the French syntactic systems
and constraints, the translator cannot simply mimic the syntax of
the original text. Yet its iconicity can be preserved through an
approach based on custom-made strategies. Rushdie’s iconic syntax of
continual flow can only be preserved if the translator compensates
for its lack of punctuation marks by resorting to small syntactic
and semantic modifications aiming to ensure that his version is
comprehensible enough. As for the syntax of restraint, although its
main device, the zero article, generally cannot be retained in
French, the translator may manage to recreate its iconicity through
an appropriate and consistent combination of determiners.
In the kingdom of shadows
Authors: Sadowski Piotr
Published: April 2020

The essay identifies some of the cognitive processes
underlying the appeal of photography and film. Unlike painting or
drawing, the photographic media are primarily indexical, with the
implied physical connection between object and image. Like painting
however, photographic media are also iconic, in the sense of
perceived resemblance between object and its representation. Also,
the restricted angle of vision caused by the photographic/cinematic
frame privileges the observer, creating composition and semantic
tensions between objects within the frame. These properties of the
photographic media are cognitively supported by human instinctive
alertness to indexical signs and moving objects, by the assumption
of identity between objects that happen to be similar, and by innate
preferences for viewpoints that allow the observer the advantage of
seeing without being seen. It is the evolutionary stability of these
cognitive dispositions that gives photography and film their
universal appeal.
Resemblance metaphors and embodiment as iconic markers in medical
understanding and communication by non-experts
Authors: Tercedor Sánchez Maribel , Ramos-Bossini Antonio Jesús Láinez
Published: April 2020

This paper analyses resemblance metaphors as a cognitive
device that can enhance understanding of medical realities,
upholding their relevance in terminological work. It deals with
metaphorical images as facilitators of comprehension of medical
entities, from the perspective of embodiment. A twofold study was
carried out: a spontaneous production task in which drawings of
depression were made, and resemblance metaphors analyzed, and a
corpus-based analysis of embodied views of depression. The drawings
are made through embodied representations of concepts or perceptual
symbolic simulations having their parallels in language use as
observed in the CanFor corpus of online discussions about
cancer.
The iconic, indexical, and symbolic in language
Authors: Nöth Winfried
Published: April 2020

The paper examines diverse forms of overlap between
iconic, indexical, and symbolic signs in language. Against linguists
who postulate such hybrids as “iconic symbols” or “indexical
symbols” in language, it argues that in such cross-classifications
of verbal signs, symbols are confounded with legisigns. On the other
hand, the paper also shows how symbols may include elements of
iconicity as well as elements of indexicality. Evidence is given
from examples of onomatopoeic words, diagrammatic icons, and proper
names. Furthermore, the paper points out the necessity of
distinguishing between the nature of verbal signs as such and the
one of the signs of their interpretants. It shows how verbal signs
that are predominantly symbols (as signs) are mentally interpreted
as icons (mental images) and indices (that refer to previous
situations of experience).
Computational phraseology and translation studies
Authors: Colson Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

The notion of phraseology is now used across a wide range of
linguistic disciplines but it is conspicuously absent from most studies in
the area of Translation Studies (e.g. Delisle, 2003; Baker and
Saldanha, 2011). The paradox is that many practical difficulties
encountered by translators and interpreters are directly related to
phraseology in the broad sense (Colson,
2008, 2013), and this
can also clearly be seen in the failure of machine translation systems to
deal efficiently with the translation of phraseological units (PUs).

We argue that phraseology and translation studies have much to
gain from cross fertilisation, because both disciplines are regularly
criticised for their lack of coherent terminological description and for the
insufficient number of reproducible experiments they involve.

Decoding phraseology in the source text is far from easy for
translators and interpreters, all the more so as they are usually not native
speakers of the source language. Finding a natural formulation in the target
language and avoiding translationese requires an excellent
mastery of the phraseology of the target language. Even experienced
professionals sometimes fail to detect the fixed or semi-fixed character of
a source text construction. We argue that algorithms derived from text
mining and information retrieval techniques can be efficient and
(computationally) cost-effective in order to build up unfiltered collections
of recurrent fixed or semi-fixed phrases, from which translators could gain
information about the number of PUs in the source text. Such an algorithm
has been proposed in Colson (2016)
and has been implemented in a web application enabling translators and
language professionals to automatically retrieve most PUs from a source
text. Other tools should be developed in order to bridge the gap between the
findings of computational phraseology and the practice of translation and
interpreting.
What matters more: The size of the corpora or their quality?
Authors: Mitkov Ruslan , Taslimipoor Shiva
Published: April 2020

This study investigates (and compares) the impact of the size and
the similarity/quality of comparable corpora on the specific task of
extracting translation equivalents of verb-noun collocations from such
corpora. The comprehensive evaluation of different configurations of English
and Spanish corpora sheds some light on the more general and perennial
question: what matters more – the quantity or quality of corpora?