bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The (Un)Controllability Principle: The Benefits of Holding Employees Accountable for Uncontrollable Factors
Authors: ZUREICH JACOB
Published: November 2022

The controllability principle suggests that employees should not be held accountable for factors outside their control. This study develops novel theory to challenge that thinking. According to the theory, holding employees accountable for uncontrollable factors like peer performance can lead to improved decision‐making by increasing how much employees learn from those uncontrollable factors. I expect this effect to occur because goal‐focused employees only consider information that seems goal‐relevant, and uncontrollable factors only seem goal relevant when employees are held accountable for them. Results from a decision‐making experiment support the theory. In particular, paying participants based on uncontrollable factors improves their decision‐making despite providing them with weaker economic incentives. This positive effect is more pronounced when the uncontrollable factors are more informative and when individuals are more goal‐focused. These findings reveal a previously unexplored benefit of disregarding the controllability principle that can help explain why broad, uncontrollable metrics are so prevalent and successful in practice.
Missed presentations, missed opportunities: A cross‐sectional study of mental health presentation undercounting in the emergency department
Authors: Werkmeister Catherine , Cunningham Ruth , Freeland Abigail , Stanley James , Every‐Palmer Susanna , Kuehl Silke
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The burden of mental illness is increasing across developed countries. EDs are often used as access points by people experiencing mental health crises, with such rising demand in Australasia. Accurate data is critical to track and address this need, but research suggests that current data collection methods undercount mental health presentations to the EDs. The present study aimed to quantify and characterise ED mental health presentations that were not identified by usual clinical coding processes.

Methods

From almost 50 000 presentations to a large regional ED over 12 months, 1988 were mental health‐related as identified via discharge diagnoses and ICD‐10 codes. For a further 384 presentations, it was ambiguous whether they were mental health‐related. For these, free‐text clinical notes were reviewed to identify mental health‐related presentation missed by clinical coding practices. Demographic information, time of presentation, recent use of secondary mental health services and disposition from ED were extracted and analysed.

Results

An additional 91 mental health presentations were found by review of clinical notes; 4.6% (95% confidence interval 3.7–5.6) more presentations than identified via screening of discharge codes. In these ‘missed’ cases, clinicians had documented clear mental health symptoms but without coding the corresponding diagnosis. Existing clinical coding practices were less accurate for patients who were not current or recent users of mental health services, and for those who were discharged directly from ED.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that ED mental health presentations may be underestimated by nearly 5%, revealing greater mental health demand than current figures suggest.
Effect of vitamin D receptor activators on cardiovascular events in patients on hemodialysis—A post hoc analysis of the LANDMARK study
Authors: Yoshida Kiryu , Mizukami Takuya , Fukagawa Masafumi , Akizawa Tadao , Morohoshi Hokuto , Sambe Takehiko , Takeshima Akiko , Ito Hidetoshi , Ogata Hiroaki , Uchida Naoki
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The clinical benefit of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) in patients with well‐controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis remains unclear.

Methods

This post hoc analysis of the LANDMARK study investigates if VDRA use is associated with cardiovascular benefits. Data of 2135 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were at risk for vascular calcification were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with propensity‐score matching.

Results

The hazard ratio (HR) for VDRA use was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–1.46; p = 0.945) for cardiovascular events and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.62–1.28; p = 0.541) for all‐cause mortality at baseline. Among patients who always used VDRA, the HR was 1.12 (95% CI: 0.67–1.89; p = 0.666) for cardiovascular events and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.67–1.85; p = 0.688) for all‐cause mortality compared to those who never used VDRA.

Conclusion

The use of VDRA does not reduce the risks of cardiovascular events or all‐cause mortality in patients on dialysis with well‐controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Proteome changes in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly
Authors: Zaqout Sami , Mannaa Atef , Klein Oliver , Krajewski Angelika , Klose Joachim , Luise‐Becker Lena , Elsabagh Ahmed , Ferih Khaled , Kraemer Nadine , Ravindran Ethiraj , Makridis Konstantin , Kaindl Angela M.
Published: November 2022

Background/aim

: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly at birth, classically without further organ involvement. MCPH3 is caused by biallelic variants in the cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit‐associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2. In the corresponding Cdk5rap2 mutant or Hertwig's anemia mouse model, congenital microcephaly as well as defects in the hematopoietic system, germ cells and eyes have been reported. The reduction in brain volume, particularly affecting gray matter, has been attributed mainly to disturbances in the proliferation and survival of early neuronal progenitors. In addition, defects in dendritic development and synaptogenesis exist that affect the excitation‐inhibition balance. Here, we studied proteomic changes in cerebral cortices of Cdk5rap2 mutant mice.

Material and methods

: We used large‐gel two‐dimensional gel (2‐DE) electrophoresis to separate cortical proteins. 2‐DE gels were visualized by a trained observer on a light box. Spot changes were considered with respect to presence/absence, quantitative variation and altered mobility.

Result

: We identified a reduction in more than 30 proteins that play a role in processes such as cell cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle progression, ciliary functions and apoptosis. These proteome changes in the MCPH3 model can be associated with various functional and morphological alterations of the developing brain.

Conclusion

: Our results shed light on potential protein candidates for the disease‐associated phenotype reported in MCPH3.
Two year follow‐up and comparison of pelvic floor muscle electromyography after first vaginal delivery with and without episiotomy and its correlation with urinary incontinence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Min Li , Xudong Dong , Qiubo Lyu , Pingping Li , Yuhan Lyu , Guifang Zhang , Tianzi Gai , Qing Feng , Chunxue Yang , Yaxin Liang
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Few prospective studies have revealed the long‐term neuromuscular alterations of pelvic floor after vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of episiotomy on the electrical activity of pelvic floor muscle 2 years following vaginal delivery, and explore the relation between surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitudes and urinary incontinence.

Material and methods

A total of 427 primiparous women with full‐term singleton vaginal delivery were included in the cohort and 362 with no further births within the 2 year follow‐up completed observations. Of these, 200 underwent episiotomy and 162 underwent nonepisiotomy. Clinical demographic characteristics, vaginal EMG variables and urinary incontinence‐specific questionnaire scores were collected at 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months after childbirth, respectively. Primary outcomes were the comparison of sEMG values between the episiotomy and nonepisiotomy groups throughout 2 years. Secondary outcomes were the correlation between sEMG of both groups and the incidence and severity of urinary incontinence. Spearman's correlation analysis, Kruskal‐Wallis test and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the variables.

Results

Amplitude of maximal fast and endurance contractions on sEMG in the episiotomy group was significantly lower than the nonepisiotomy counterpart. Such difference of sEMG persisted for a long period after birth: endurance contraction, 33.12 ± 8.92 vs 35.085 ± 9.98, p < 0.01 at 24 months, and fast contraction, 36.53 ± 8.87 vs 39.05 ± 9.98, p = 0.01 at 12‐month. Although there was no significant difference in incidence and severity of urinary incontinence between both groups, a negative correlation existed between EMG values of muscle contraction and urinary incontinence symptoms throughout.

Conclusions

Primiparous women delivered with episiotomy demonstrated lower contractile sEMG activity of pelvic floor muscle in the long term. The lower sEMG values of fast contraction were associated with urinary incontinence symptoms.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for hemosuccus pancreaticus due to an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Ide Takao , Uchikawa Kazuya , Noshiro Hirokazu
Published: November 2022

Hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) is a condition that is defined as gastrointestinal hemorrhage which occurs through the pancreatic duct. We present the rare case of a 75‐year‐old woman who developed HP caused by intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). She had been followed for sarcoidosis, splenic artery aneurysm and pancreatic cyst. The patient presented to the emergency room of our hospital with epigastric pain and bloody discharge. Computed tomography revealed hemorrhage from a splenic artery aneurysm in a cystic lesion of the pancreas. On angiography, extravasation from the splenic artery was observed. Thus, we performed coil embolization. After interventional radiography (IVR), magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a branch duct IPMN. Based on these findings, elective laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was IPMN with HP caused by rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm. For such complicated cases, minimally invasive surgery is applicable after successful hemostasis by IVR.
Child well‐being in the context of family harmony: Parental marital relationship as mediator and parent–child attachment style as moderator
Authors: Mohd‐Zaharim Norzarina , Hashim Intan H. M.
Published: November 2022

Extant research in Western countries have indicated that children's well‐being may be influenced by children's own resilience, parent–child attachment, and parental marital relationship. Yet, there is very little research in Malaysia on how these factors may influence well‐being among children in middle childhood. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore the relationships among children's self‐efficacy—a resilience factor—and well‐being, parental marital relationship, and parent–child attachment style. The study used a quantitative, cross‐sectional survey method. Participants were 955 Malay‐Malaysian children aged 11 years from intact families. They responded to a questionnaire on demographic background, self‐efficacy, well‐being, parental harmony and conflict, and parent–child attachment style. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that (i) parental harmony was a significant mediator for the relationship between children's self‐efficacy and well‐being; (ii) parental conflict was not a significant mediator for the relationship between children's self‐efficacy and well‐being; and (iii) parent–child attachment style was a significant moderator for the relationship between children's self‐efficacy and well‐being. These findings are discussed within the frameworks of optimal child development and family relationship. These findings may also inform policies such as Malaysia's Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) and National Family Policy.
Mesh Draping: Parametrization‐Free Neural Mesh Transfer
Authors: Hertz A. , Perel O. , Giryes R. , Sorkine‐Hornung O. , Cohen‐Or D.
Published: November 2022

Despite recent advances in geometric modelling, 3D mesh modelling still involves a considerable amount of manual labour by experts. In this paper, we introduce Mesh Draping: a neural method for transferring existing mesh structure from one shape to another. The method drapes the source mesh over the target geometry and at the same time seeks to preserve the carefully designed characteristics of the source mesh. At its core, our method deforms the source mesh using progressive positional encoding (PE). We show that by leveraging gradually increasing frequencies to guide the neural optimization, we are able to achieve stable and high‐quality mesh transfer. Our approach is simple and requires little user guidance, compared to contemporary surface mapping techniques which rely on parametrization or careful manual tuning. Most importantly, Mesh Draping is a parameterization‐free method, and thus applicable to a variety of target shape representations, including point clouds, polygon soups and non‐manifold meshes. We demonstrate that the transferred meshing remains faithful to the source mesh design characteristics, and at the same time fits the target geometry well.
Clinical and echocardiographic evolution of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy before heart transplantation
Authors: Rimac Goran , Poulakos Nickolas , Beaulieu‐Shearer Alexander , Dupuis Céline , Beaudoin Jonathan , Lemay Sylvain , Lalancette Jean‐Simon , Trahan Sylvain , Racine Hugo‐Pierre , Steinberg Christian , Sénéchal Mario , Turgeon Pierre Yves
Published: November 2022

Background

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty myocardial replacement, and accurate diagnosis can be challenging. The clinical course of patients expressing a severe phenotype of the disease needing heart transplantation (HTx) is not well described in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to describe the clinical and echocardiographic evolution of patients with ACM necessitating HTx.

Methods

We retrospectively studied all patients who underwent HTx in our institution between 1998 and 2019 with a definite diagnosis of ACM according to the explanted heart examination.

Results

Ten patients with confirmed ACM underwent HTx. Only four of them had a diagnosis of ACM before HTx. These patients were 28 ± 15 years old at the time of their first symptoms. Patients received a diagnosis of heart failure (HF) after 5.9 ± 8.7 years of symptom evolution. The mean age at transplantation was 40 ± 17 years old. All the patients experienced ventricular tachycardia (VT) at least once before their HTx and 50% were resuscitated after sudden death. The mean left ventricular ejection at diagnosis and before transplantation was similar (32% ± 21% vs. 35.0% ± 19.3%, p = NS). Right ventricular dysfunction was present in all patients at the time of transplantation.

Conclusion

Patients with ACM necessitating HTx show a high burden of ventricular arrhythmias and frequently present a biventricular involvement phenotype, making early diagnosis challenging. HF symptoms are the most frequent reason leading to the decision to transplant.
The Potential of Industrial Agglomeration to Promote Pharmaceutical Innovation: Analysis of China's “Medicine Valley” Construction Upsurge
Authors: Fan Jianting , Zhao Fusen , Zhao Yuhao
Published: November 2022

This paper reports the innovation effect of pharmaceutical industry agglomeration from the perspective of patterns of agglomeration and innovation, by using registration application data for innovative and generic drugs as indicators of pharmaceutical innovation. First, the distribution of the pharmaceutical industry in China is characterized by high agglomeration and low innovation. Second, no significant influence is exerted by regional industrial and development zone agglomeration on the development of innovative drugs in different regions; the effect of the promotion of generic drugs is reflected mainly in the location entropy index. Third, the existence of a crowding effect weakens the effect of the promotion of agglomeration on pharmaceutical innovation and the adverse impact on innovative drugs is significantly greater than the effect on generic drugs. In further research, we explored the bias effect of agglomeration in development zones and the synergistic effects of different agglomeration models. It is difficult to improve the quality of independent innovation by spatial agglomeration. Government‐led development zones play a rather limited role in pharmaceutical innovation.
The Market Reaction to Cross‐border Listings: Evidence from AH Listed Firms
Authors: Zhang John Fan
Published: November 2022

This study examines the abnormal returns of Chinese firms dual‐listed on the Chinese mainland (A‐share) and Hong Kong SAR (H‐share) stock markets. The results show that abnormal returns are more significant for the existing H‐share firms cross‐listing back as (H‐to‐A cross‐listings) than for those that are the other way around (A‐to‐H cross‐listings). Further, the A‐share market is more responsive to announcements, whereas the H‐share market is more responsive to actual listings. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that the abnormal returns of A‐to‐H cross‐listings are associated with improved information. In contrast, the abnormal returns of H‐to‐A cross‐listings are related to an increase in valuation. Significant abnormal returns for H‐to‐A cross‐listings are driven mainly by reduced systematic risks and are more pronounced in the post‐1997 period. Overall, these results suggest that investors generally respond positively to AH dual listings of Chinese firms.
Car accident as a trigger for reverse takotsubo‐like cardiomyopathy with paraganglioma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Dai Liya , Zhou Ning , Zhou Kechun , Zhang Fangbiao , Chen Fanghon
Published: November 2022

Paraganglioma (PGL), which may cause acute Takotsubo‐like cardiomyopathy (TLC), is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm derived from various body sites. TLC has been associated with excessive catecholamine secretion and shares the same cardiac presentation with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). We present the case of a 58‐year‐old male who arrived at the hospital after a car accident, reporting symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain after a car accident. The patient was found to have elevated troponin and severely depressed left ventricular function. Echocardiography depicted a normal contracting apex with the rest of the left ventricle being hypokinetic. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed mild coronary artery disease. Abdominal CT further revealed a mass on the left side of the epigastric aorta, confirmed by autopsy as a PGL.
The outcome of peripartum cardiomyopathy patients‐single center experience
Authors: Demir Emre , Ceylan Naim , Bayraktaroğlu Selen , Çinkooğlu Akın , Candemir Aytaç , Candemir Yeşim B. , Güneş Mustafa Talha , Yeniyol Şevket , Yılmaz Elfin B. , Zoghi Mehdi , Akıllı Azem , Gürgün Cemil , Nalbantgil Sanem
Published: November 2022

Objective

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) diagnosis made by excluding identifiable causes of heart failure (HF) and occurs end of the pregnancy or during the postpartum period of five months. It presents a clinical HF spectrum with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Background

The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the clinical characteristics, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging features, and end‐points consisting of left ventricle recovery, left ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, and all‐cause mortality.

Method

Outpatient HF records between 2008 to 2021 were screened. Thirty‐seven patients were defined as PPCM. Twenty‐five patients had CMR evaluation at the time of diagnosis, and six patients were re‐evaluated with CMR.

Results

The mean age was 30.5 ± 5.6 years, and the mean LVEF was 28.2% ± 6.7%. In 13(35.7%) patients, LVEF recovered during the follow‐up course. The median recovery time was 281(IQR [78–358]) days. LVEF on CMR was 35.3 ± 10.5, and three patients exhibited late gadolinium enhancement(LGE) patterns. Sub‐endocardial and mid‐wall uptake pattern types were detected. 18(75%) patients met the Petersen left ventricle non‐compaction cardiomyopathy(LVNC) criteria. Patients with NC/C ratio lower than 2.3 had lower LVEDVi and LVESVi (124.9 ± 35.4, 86.4 ± 7.5, p = .003; 86.8 ± 34.6, 52.6 ± 7.6, p = .006), respectively. The median follow‐up time was 2129 (IQR [911–2634]) days. The primary endpoint‐free 1‐year survival was 88.9% (event rate 11.1%), and 5‐year survival was 75.7% (event rate 24.3%).

Conclusion

In a retrospective cohort of PPCM patients, 35.7% of patients’ LVEF recovered, and the primary end‐point of free‐5‐year survival was 75%. Twenty‐five patients were assessed with CMR; three of four met the Petersen CMR‐derived LVNC at initial evaluation.
Gastrointestinal biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation and risk of neurodegenerative disease: Nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Sun Jiangwei , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Roelstraete Bjorn , Pedersen Nancy L. , Pawitan Yudi , Wirdefeldt Karin , Fang Fang
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

Evidence has accumulated to support the early involvement of altered gastrointestinal (GI) function in neurodegenerative disease. However, risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) among individuals with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation is unknown.

Methods

This matched cohort study included all individuals in Sweden with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa (n = 480,346) or nonspecific inflammation (n = 655,937) during 1965–2016 (exposed group) as well as their individually matched population references and unexposed full siblings. A flexible parametric model and stratified Cox model were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Individuals with normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation had a higher risk of AD and PD during the 20 years after biopsy. Compared with the population references, individuals with normal mucosa had an increased risk of AD (incidence rate [IR] difference = 13.53 per 100,000 person‐years, HR [95% CI] = 1.15 [1.11–1.20]) and PD (IR difference = 6.72, HR [95% CI] = 1.16 [1.10–1.23]). Elevated risk was also observed for nonspecific inflammation regarding AD (IR difference = 13.28, HR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.08–1.14]) and PD (IR difference = 6.83, HR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.06–1.14]). Similar results were observed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses and when comparing with their unexposed siblings.

Conclusions

Individuals with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation had an increased risk of AD and PD. This adds new evidence of the early involvement of GI dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
Legal reforms appropriate for cohabitants and LATs
Authors: Bowman Cynthia Grant
Published: November 2022

Cohabitants and LATs (couples who “live apart together”) do not fit the traditional categories and rules of our family law system. This article describes what we know about both cohabitants and LATs in the U.S., compares the two institutions, and makes recommendations about legal reforms with respect to each. For cohabitants the reforms would assimilate cohabiting couples to marriage after the passage of time, based on the evidence of their economic interdependence and the probability that there are children in their households. As to LATs, the reforms proposed are limited to those that would support the caretaking functions LATs perform for each other, resulting in benefits to society as a whole.
Speed it up: How temperature drives toxicokinetics of organic contaminants in freshwater amphipods
Authors: Raths Johannes , Švara Vid , Lauper Benedikt , Fu Qiuguo , Hollender Juliane
Published: November 2022

The acceleration of global climate change draws increasing attention towards interactive effects of temperature and organic contaminants. Many studies reported a higher sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates towards contaminant exposure with increasing or fluctuating temperatures. The hypothesis of this study was that the higher sensitivity of invertebrates is associated with the changes of toxicokinetic processes that determine internal concentrations of contaminants and consequently toxic effects. Therefore, the influence of temperature on toxicokinetic processes and the underlying mechanisms were studied in two key amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and Hyalella azteca). Bioconcentration experiments were carried out at four different temperatures with a mixture of 12 exposure relevant polar organic contaminants. Tissue and medium samples were taken in regular intervals and analysed by online solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, toxicokinetic rates were modelled and analysed in dependence of the exposure temperature using the Arrhenius equation. An exponential relationship between toxicokinetic rates versus temperature was observed and could be well depicted by applying the Arrhenius equation. Due to a similar Arrhenius temperature of uptake and elimination rates, the bioconcentration factors of the contaminants were generally constant across the temperature range. Furthermore, the Arrhenius temperature of the toxicokinetic rates and respiration was mostly similar. However, in some cases (citalopram, cyprodinil), the bioconcentration factor appeared to be temperature dependent, which could potentially be explained by the influence of temperature on active uptake mechanisms or biotransformation. The observed temperature effects on toxicokinetics may be particularly relevant in non‐equilibrated systems, such as exposure peaks in summer as exemplified by the exposure modelling of a field measured pesticide peak where the internal concentrations increased by up to fourfold along the temperature gradient. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of chemical uptake, biotransformation and elimination in different climate scenarios and can improve environmental risk assessment.
Enhanced electrical properties of Cr2O3 addition NBT‐based high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Liang Ruihong , Zhou Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

Owing to industrial and technological developments, there has been an increasing demand for piezoelectric ceramics that can function at temperatures of 500°C or higher. Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) with its high Curie temperature (TC) of 650°C is a typical bismuth layer–structured ferroelectric. However, its relatively low piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ∼ 16 pC/N) hinders its potential application at high temperatures. In this study, compositions of Ca0.05(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.95Bi4Ti4O15 with different additions of Cr2O3 (CNBT–Cr100x) were designed based on previous studies on Ca2+‐doped NBT piezoceramics, and the effects of the addition on the structural and electrical properties were investigated. The d33 value of CNBT–Cr20 was as high as 29 pC/N, almost twice higher than that of pure NBT ceramics. This increase was investigated in depth using X‐ray diffraction refinement and piezoelectric force microscopy in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. The Ps values of CNBT and CNBT–Cr20 were almost equal. The density of the domain walls of CNBT–Cr20 was significantly higher than that of CNBT, indicating that the increase of d33 of CNBT–Cr20 is mainly due to the increase in the extrinsic contribution. The CNBT–Cr20 ceramic exhibited excellent properties with a high TC of 655°C, a high d33 of 29 pC/N, and a resistivity high than 106 Ω cm at 500°C, demonstrating its potential for applications at high temperatures such as 500°C.
Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling of free‐text responses exploring the negative impact of the early COVID‐19 pandemic on research in nursing
Authors: Inoue Madoka , Fukahori Hiroki , Matsubara Manami , Yoshinaga Naoki , Tohira Hideo
Published: November 2022

Aim

To derive latent topics from free‐text responses on the negative impact of the pandemic on research activities and determine similarities and differences in the resulting themes between academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of free‐text responses from a cross‐sectional online survey conducted by the Japan Academy of Nursing Science of its members in early 2020. The participants were categorized into two groups by workplace (academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers). Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to extract latent topics statistically and list important keywords/text associated with the topics. After organizing similar topics by principal component analysis (PCA), we finally derived topic‐associated themes by reading the keywords/texts and determining the similarity and differences of the themes between the two groups.

Results

A total of 201 respondents (163 academic‐based and 38 clinical‐based researchers) provided free‐text responses. LDA identified eight and three latent topics for the academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers, respectively. While PCA re‐grouped the eight topics derived from the former group into four themes, no merging of the topics from the latter group was performed resulting in three themes. The only theme common to the two groups was “barriers to conducting research,” with the remaining themes differing between the groups.

Conclusions

Using LDA topic modeling with PCA, we identified similarities and differences in the themes described in free‐text responses about the negative impact of the pandemic between academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers. Measures to mitigate the negative impact of pandemics on nursing research may need to be tailored separately.
The prevalence of endometrial polyp in women with tubal factor infertility is higher than male factor infertility: Is PID one of the causes of endometrial polyp?
Authors: Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Kabodmehri Roya , Milani Forozan , Sorouri Zahra Rafie , Ghanami Nasrin , Fatemeh Dalil Seyedeh , Eslami‐Kenarsari Habib
Published: November 2022

Aims

Previous studies have shown an association between chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps, and only one study in infertile women reported an association between tubal obstruction and polyps. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of endometrial polyps in two groups of women with tubal factor infertility and male factor infertility to assess if is there any association between tubal factor infertility and endometrial polyps.

Methods

This case–control study was performed on infertile women. The case group included women with tubal factor infertility and the control group included all women with male factor infertility. In all patients, vaginal ultrasound was performed between days 8 and 12 of the menstrual cycle to diagnose endometrial polyp, its size, and number. Demographic and obstetrics variables were recorded. Patients underwent hysteroscopy and polypectomy and the diagnosis of the polyp was confirmed by pathology report.

Result

In the present study, 245 people participated in two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and obstetric characteristics like type of infertility, duration of infertility, and gravidity. The prevalence of polyps in the tubal factor group was higher than in the male factor group (63 [60%] vs. 12 [9.8%]), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). In addition, the prevalence of chronic endometritis in the tubal factor group was higher than in the male factor group (19 [18.8%] vs. 4 [3.3%]), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

In the present study, a strong association was observed between endometrial polyps and tubal obstruction, and considering that the most common cause of tubal obstruction is pelvic and genital infections, after confirmation with more studies, it may be possible to consider antibiotic treatment in these patients, especially in patients with recurrent polyps.
Magic, Religion, and Science: Secularization Trends and Continued Coexistence
Authors: Matthews Luke J. , Hertzog Werner B. , Kyritsis Thanos , Kerber Rose
Published: November 2022

While multiple studies have applied cultural evolutionary perspectives to the study of religion, few studies have examined the cultural evolutionary dynamics of a more secretive but equally ubiquitous form of supernatural belief: magic. We conducted two studies, an American nationally representative survey and a comparative phylogenetic analysis of religious traditions, to test three hypothesized cultural evolutionary drivers for beliefs in magic. We find the greatest support for the hypothesis that magic is employed when it provides its users benefits that are distinct from those provided by either science or religion, some support for secularization (broadly conceived) trends applying to magic, and no evidence that innate and unavoidable features of human cognition are primary drivers of the cultural evolution of magical beliefs. We conclude by suggesting specific hypothesized benefits for magic that may account for the evolution of humanity's facultative (i.e., context‐dependent) use of magical beliefs.
Divided we fall: The breakdown of gig worker solidarity in online communities
Authors: Schou Peter Kalum , Bucher Eliane
Published: November 2022

The ‘gig economy’ presents a contested new work arrangement where freelancers find work on digital platforms. Subsequently, previous research has investigated how gig workers develop solidarity and take collective action against the exploitative practices of the platforms. However, this research is limited by mostly focusing on solidarity in contexts oflocalgig worker communities. We investigate whether freelancers who work on a global platform, Upwork, which hires people for diverse and complex jobs, can build up solidarity in aglobalonline community. Applying a mixed‐methods research design, we analysed how gig workers responded to a policy change by Upwork that affected their working conditions negatively. In doing so, we outline how solidarity breaks down in an online community of gig workers, due to them realising different interests and identities. We contribute to recent discussions on solidarity in the gig economy, and online communities as tools for organising.
A grammar of institutions for complex legal topics: Resolving statutory multiplicity and scaling up to jurisdiction‐level legal institutions
Authors: DeMattee Anthony J.
Published: November 2022

Laws are a unique type of primary data: they structure our everyday interactions and are publicly available to all people. How can we assess the law's effect when multiple overlapping and cross‐referencing statutes constrain and incentivize behavior simultaneously? I present a principled method for aggregating the legal rules coded in multiple laws into a single legal institution to help us understand and better characterize complex, interconnected, and sometimes contradictory bundles of legal rules. The method utilizes Institutional Grammar (IG), which scholars have used to code legal language into comparable institutional statements. The method is amenable to any legal topic and is especially appropriate when multiple statutes simultaneously comprise the legal institution in a single jurisdiction. To illustrate, I draw on the laws regulating civil society organizations (CS0s), which offer a valuable and substantively important prism to study legal texts as the cause of social phenomena or the outcome of a political process. I discuss my proposed method in three parts: first, why using IG enhances a coding instrument's validity; second, how an IG‐based instrument allows researchers to scale up coded values of separate laws into a jurisdiction‐level value; finally, I compare techniques for estimating descriptive measures of a jurisdiction's legal institution.
An alternative pathway to plant cold tolerance in the absence of vacuolar invertase activity
Authors: Teper‐Bamnolker Paula , Roitman Marina , Katar Omri , Peleg Noam , Aruchamy Kalaivani , Suher Shlomit , Doron‐Faigenboim Adi , Leibman Diana , Omid Ayelet , Belausov Eduard , Andersson Mariette , Olsson Niklas , Fält Ann‐Sofie , Volpin Hanne , Hofvander Per , Gal‐On Amit , Eshel Dani
Published: November 2022

To cope with cold stress, plants have developed antioxidation strategies combined with osmoprotection by sugars. In potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, which are swollen stems, exposure to cold stress induces starch degradation and sucrose synthesis. Vacuolar acid invertase (VInv) activity is a significant part of the cold‐induced sweetening (CIS) response, by rapidly cleaving sucrose into hexoses and increasing osmoprotection. To discover alternative plant tissue pathways for coping with cold stress, we produced VInv‐knockout lines in two cultivars. Genome editing of VInv in ‘Désirée’ and ‘Brooke’ was done using stable and transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 components, respectively. After storage at 4°C, sugar analysis indicated that the knockout lines showed low levels of CIS and maintained low acid invertase activity in storage. Surprisingly, the tuber parenchyma of vinv lines exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and reduced H2O2 levels. Furthermore, whole plants of vinv lines exposed to cold stress without irrigation showed normal vigor, in contrast to WT plants, which wilted. Transcriptome analysis of vinv lines revealed upregulation of an osmoprotectant pathway and ethylene‐related genes during cold temperature exposure. Accordingly, higher expression of antioxidant‐related genes was detected after exposure to short and long cold storage. Sugar measurements showed an elevation of an alternative pathway in the absence of VInv activity, raising the raffinose pathway with increasing levels of myo‐inositol content as a cold tolerance response.
Granular Activisms
Authors: Nayyar Rajat
Published: November 2022

In this article, I reflect on the collaborative multimodal ethnography that I conducted in Badhuli village with Aaji, a lower‐caste storyteller, singer, healer, and rice farmer. In addition to highlighting Aaji's life story and her Bhojpuri singing practice, the research project involved facilitating performative spaces for women to exchange, rehearse, film, and digitally share their vocal repertoires with other community members across gender, caste, religion, and generation. Through an analysis of multimodal ethnographic materials, this article argues that rural north Indian women's vocal traditions and performances are more than “everyday acts of resistance” (Scott 1985). Specifically, I combine Barthe's concept of “grain” of voice (1977) with recent scholarship on political activism and theories of voice and vocality (Eidsheim 2008; Schlichter 2011). I propose the new notion of “granular activism,” that is, grounded in the intermingling and exchange of women's vocal traditions. I conclude by demonstrating Aaji's radically activist role in re‐imagining Bhojpuri inter‐gender and inter‐caste dynamics through vocal traditions.
Exploring the Rural Tourism Perception of Local People and Farmers
Authors: Yilmaz Hasan , Merkez Meltem
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine rural tourism perception of local people and farmers living in Mordoğan, Izmir, Turkey. Main material of this study was obtained from surveys conducted with 103 local people and 65 farmers. In this study, factor analysis was used to determine rural tourism perceptions of local people and farmers. According to the analysis result, .ix main factors related to rural tourism perceptions of local people and farmers, which can be measured by nineteen statements, were determined. These factors were named as economic, socio-cultural, environmental, interaction, awareness and local development factors. Cronbach alpha coefficient of factors was calculated as 0.840 and it explained 73.29 % of total variance. The economic factor was found to be the most important explanatory factor.
Exploring the Effects of Guide Vane on Dimpled Cooling Channel of Gas Turbine Blade
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Blum Brinn Leighton , Amano Ryoichi S.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the current study is to find out the heat transfer and pressure drop phenomena of the cooling channel with dimples and guide vane and compare the results with the no guide vane dimpled cooling channel. The first leg of the cooling channel is 490 mm, and the second leg is 460 mm. The two legs relate to the 180 deg turn region. The guide vane was inserted at the bend region of the dimpled cooling channel. The study was conducted with two different guide vanes geometry at two different orientations, i.e., U-guide vane with protrusion and depression orientation and curve-guide vane with protrusion and depression orientations both experimentally and numerically. The numerical study was performed with the large eddy simulation method. The result shows that for both stationary and rotational motion, the U-guide vane with depression experiences the highest thermal performance. The friction factor is comparatively higher for curve-guide vane with protrusion under stationary motion. However, under rotation, the curve-protrusion guide encounters the highest friction factor, which is higher compared to the no guide vane cooling channel.
Rowing in Los Angeles: Performance Considerations for the Change to 1500 m at the 2028 Olympic Games
Authors: Astridge Daniel J. , Peeling Peter , Goods Paul S.R. , Girard Olivier , Hewlett Jamie , Rice Anthony J. , Binnie Martyn J.
Published: November 2022

Background: World Rowing’s decision to support the proposed change from a 2000-m to a 1500-m regatta course at the 2028 Olympic Games in Los Angeles is anticipated to have important implications for athlete preparation and race execution during the 2024–2028 quadrennium. Purpose: This commentary aims to provide insight into the expected implications of the reduction in course length heading into the 2028 Games, focusing on the training and monitoring of high-performance rowers, as well as tactical, technical, and pacing considerations for performance. The reduction in event duration (estimated to be ∼90–120 s across all event classes) will lead to an expected ∼5% to 15% increase in relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism. Consequently, adjustment in training periodization priorities toward higher-intensity interventions may be required, especially in the period immediately prior to the games. The critical-power and anaerobic-power-reserve concepts may become more useful tools for structuring exercise programs, evaluating training outcomes, and determining event suitability through individual physiological profiling. Additionally, the adoption of a more constant (flat) pacing strategy, rather than the commonly used reverse J-shaped approach, might be considered for racing over this new distance. Finally, technical aspects, such as stroke rate and gearing, may require adjustment for optimal performance; however, research is clearly required to explore such effects. Conclusions: Our intention is to stimulate discussion and debate, with the provision of practical recommendations that aim to optimize rowers’ preparation for and performance at the 2028 Olympic Games.
Lifetime Stressor Exposure and Psychophysiological Reactivity and Habituation to Repeated Acute Social Stressors
Authors: McLoughlin Ella , Arnold Rachel , Freeman Paul , Turner James E. , Roberts Gareth A. , Fletcher David , Slavich George M. , Moore Lee J.
Published: November 2022

This study addressed whether lifetime stressor exposure was associated with psychophysiological reactivity and habituation to a novel laboratory-based stressor. Eighty-six participants (Mage = 23.31 years, SD = 4.94) reported their exposure to lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressors before completing two consecutive trials of the Trier Social Stress Test, while cardiovascular (i.e., heart rate) and endocrine (i.e., salivary cortisol) data were recorded. Exposure to a moderate number of lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressors was associated with adaptive cardiovascular reactivity, whereas very low or very high stressor exposure was related to maladaptive reactivity. Moreover, experiencing a very low number of lifetime non-sport (but not sport-specific) stressors was associated with poorer habituation. In contrast, lifetime stressor severity was unrelated to cardiovascular reactivity. Finally, greater lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressor counts were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity and poorer habituation. These results suggest that lifetime stressor exposure may influence sport performers’ acute stress responses.
Decay of Short-Term Motor Memory Regarding Force Reproduction
Authors: Hiraoka Koichi , Ishimoto Masaya , Kishigami Mai , Sakaya Ryota , Sumimoto Asahi , Yoshikawa Kazuki
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the process that contributes to the decay of short-term motor memory regarding force reproduction. Participants performed tonic flexion of the right index finger with the target force feedback (criterion phase) and reproduced this force level without feedback 3, 10, 30, or 60 s after the end of the criterion phase (recall phase). The constant error for force reproduction was significantly greater than zero, indicating that information about the somatosensation and/or motor command in the criterion phase is positively biased. Constant and absolute errors were not influenced by the retention interval, indicating that neither bias nor error represents the decay of short-term motor memory over time. Variable error, defined as SD of bias (force in the recall phase minus that in the criterion phase), increased as the retention interval increased. This indicates that the decay of short-term motor memory is represented by the increase in inconsistency of memory bias among the trials. The correlation coefficient of the force between the criterion and recall phases with 3-s retention interval was greater than that with longer intervals. This is explained by the view that the contribution of the information of the practiced force to the force reproduction process is great within 3 s after the end of the practice, but the additional contribution of the noise information becomes greater after this time, causing lesser relative contribution of the information of the practiced force to the force reproduction process.
Concentrated poverty, ambient air pollution, and child cognitive development
Authors: Wodtke Geoffrey T. , Ard Kerry , Bullock Clair , White Kailey , Priem Betsy
Published: November 2022

Why does growing up in a poor neighborhood impede cognitive development? Although a large volume of evidence indicates that neighborhood poverty negatively affects child outcomes, little is known about the mechanisms that might explain these effects. In this study, we outline and test a theoretical model of neighborhood effects on cognitive development that highlights the mediating role of early life exposure to neurotoxic air pollution. To evaluate this model, we analyze data from a national sample of American infants matched with information on their exposure to more than 50 different pollutants known or suspected to harm the central nervous system. Integrating methods of causal inference with supervised machine learning, we find that living in a high-poverty neighborhood increases exposure to many different air toxics during infancy, that it reduces cognitive abilities measured later at age 4 by about one-tenth of a standard deviation, and that about one-third of this effect can be attributed to disparities in air quality.
Analysis of the Brucella suis Twin Arginine Translocation System and Its Substrates Shows That It Is Essential for Viability
Authors: Riquelme Elia , Omarova Sabina , Ize Bérengère , O’Callaghan David
Published: November 2022

Bacteria use the twin arginine translocator (Tat) system to export folded proteins from the cytosol to the bacterial envelope or to the extracellular environment. As with most Gram-negative bacteria, the Tat system of the zoonotic pathogen
Brucella
spp. is encoded by a three-gene operon,
tatABC.
Our attempts, using several different strategies, to create a
Brucella suis
strain 1330
tat
mutant were all unsuccessful.