bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Clock: DNA Methylation in Aging
Authors: Jiang Shuang , Guo Yuchen
Published: July 2020

Aging, which is accompanied by decreased organ function and increased disease incidence, limits human lifespan and has attracted investigators for thousands of years. In recent decades, with the rapid development of biology, scientists have shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, are key regulators involved in this process. Regular fluctuations in global DNA methylation levels have been shown to accurately estimate biological age and disease prognosis. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the relationship between variations in DNA methylation level patterns and aging. In addition, we introduce the known mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulators affect aging and related diseases. As more studies uncover the mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates aging, antiaging interventions and treatments for related diseases may be developed that enable human life extension.
A Novel On-Ramp Merging Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles Based on Game Theory
Authors: Min Haigen , Fang Yukun , Wang Runmin , Li Xiaochi , Xu Zhigang , Zhao Xiangmo
Published: July 2020

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have attracted much attention of researchers because of its potential to improve both transportation network efficiency and safety through control algorithms and reduce fuel consumption. However, vehicle merging at intersection is one of the main factors that lead to congestion and extra fuel consumption. In this paper, we focused on the scenario of on-ramp merging of CAVs, proposed a centralized approach based on game theory to control the process of on-ramp merging for all agents without any collisions, and optimized the overall fuel consumption and total travel time. For the framework of the game, benefit, loss, and rules are three basic components, and in our model, benefit is the priority of passing the merging point, represented via the merging sequence (MS), loss is the cost of fuel consumption and the total travel time, and the game rules are designed in accordance with traffic density, fairness, and wholeness. Each rule has a different degree of importance, and to get the optimal weight of each rule, we formulate the problem as a double-objective optimization problem and obtain the results by searching the feasible Pareto solutions. As to the assignment of merging sequence, we evaluate each competitor from three aspects by giving scores and multiplying the corresponding weight and the agent with the higher score gets comparatively smaller MS, i.e., the priority of passing the intersection. The simulations and comparisons are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed method improved the fuel economy and saved the travel time.
Bilevel Optimization for the Hazmat Transportation Problem with Lane Reservation
Authors: Zhang Shengzhong , Hui Qianqian , Bai Xue , Sun Rongting
Published: July 2020

In this study, we investigate a bilevel optimization model for the hazmat transportation problem with lane reservation. The problem lies in selecting lanes to be reserved in the network and planning paths for hazmat transportation tasks. The trade-off among transportation cost, risk, and impact on the normal traffic is considered. By using the traffic flow theory, we quantify the impact on the normal traffic and modify the traditional risk measurement model. The problem is formulated as a multiobjective bilevel programming model involving the selection of reserved lanes for government and planning paths for hazmat carriers. Two hybrid metaheuristic algorithms based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm, respectively, are proposed to solve the bilevel model. Their performance on small-scale instances is compared with exact solutions based on the enumeration method. Finally, the computational results on large-scale instances are compared and sensitivity analysis on the key parameters is presented. The results indicate the following: (1) Both algorithms are effective methods for solving this problem, and the method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm requires a shorter computation time, whereas the method based on the genetic algorithm shows more advantages in optimality. (2) The bilevel model can effectively reduce the total risk of the hazmat transportation while considering the interests of hazmat carriers and ordinary travellers. (3) The utilization rate of reserved lanes increases with an increasing number of tasks. Nevertheless, once the proportion of hazmat vehicles becomes excessive, the advantage of reducing the risk of the reserved lanes gradually decreases.
A Mathematical Model for Calculating the “Brittleness-Ductility” Drop Coefficient of Sandstone in Mining Zones
Authors: Shi Guodong , Cheng Baoquan , Li An
Published: July 2020

Sandstone is different from pure brittle rocks such as marble and granite. Its brittleness weakens and then increases with increasing confining pressure. This paper establishes a calculation model of the “brittleness-ductility” energy drop coefficient that characterizes the whole process of sandstone failure from the perspective of energy. The obtained result was compared with the result of traditional calculation model. The results show that the established model is more consistent with the experimental phenomenon and can describe the whole process of sandstone failure more precisely at a macro level. Moreover, the model is more practical since it avoids the tedious integration calculation process. The model and tests have extended the applicable range and applied rock types of the energy drop coefficient and enriched the knowledge system of elastoplastic mechanics. At the same time, they carry important significance for environmental restoration and geological disaster prevention and control in sedimentary rock mining zones, which can promote the sustainable development of related industries in the mining zones.
FRP Composite in Mitigating Seismic Risk of RC Structures in Near‐Fault Regions with/without Aftershocks
Authors: Van Cao Vui , Pham Son Quang
Published: July 2020

The literature related to earthquakes and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting can be divided into two main categories: (1) the applications of FRP to retrofit structures subjected to single traditional earthquakes and (2) the effects of mainshock‐aftershock sequences on original structures (without FRP retrofitting). Research on using FRP to mitigate the risk of pulse‐type mainshock‐aftershock sequences for reinforced concrete (RC) structures located in near‐fault regions is hardly found in the literature and is thus the aim of this study. To achieve this aim, a four‐storey RC frame, near‐fault mainshocks, and seismic sequences were selected. The frame was retrofitted using FRP wraps at plastic hinge locations. Nonlinear time history and damage analyses of the original and FRP‐retrofitted frames subjected to these near‐fault mainshocks and seismic sequences were conducted. The results showed that aftershocks significantly increase the damage indices of the frames, shifting the damage state of the original frame from severe damage to collapse and the damage state of the FRP‐retrofitted frame from light damage to moderate damage. FRP retrofitting successfully reduced the risk of seismic sequences by reducing the damage two levels, shifting the damage state of the original frame from collapse to moderate damage.
Anti‐Overturning Bearing Capacity of Rigid and Flexible Concrete Expanded Piles Subjected to Horizontal Load
Authors: Qian Yongmei , Zhou Tingting , Tian Wei
Published: July 2020

The concrete expanded pile is a new type of pile in the field of foundation engineering, which exhibits improved performance compared to the ordinary straight‐hole pile. The expanded technique increases the bearing capacity of the pile, changes the overall load‐bearing function of the pile body, and offers great development prospects. While the performance of the expanded pile has been studied for vertical loading, the performance of expanded pile when subjected to horizontal loading is not adequately understood. In order to investigate the performance of concrete expanded pile in resisting horizontal loads, particularly the anti‐overturning capacity of rigid and flexible piles, this paper conducts an experimental model test and performs a numerical simulation. In the experiment, an innovative model test method is used for testing small‐scale half‐face pile with undisturbed soil. A custom‐made soil extractor and a loading device are used to observe various stages of pile‐soil interaction in real‐time during the whole process of loading. Meanwhile, finite element simulation analysis is conducted on a pile model and the corresponding data on displacement, load, stress, and strain are collected to verify the experimental results. Based on the horizontal bearing capacity of rigid and flexible piles and the failure states of soil mass around the piles, two calculation models are proposed for the horizontal bearing capacity of rigid and flexible concrete expanded piles. The models will provide reliable theoretical guidance for the application of concrete expanded pile in engineering applications and for the research and development of pile foundation.
Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Matsumoto Takumi , Shimizu Yuki , Chang Song Ho , Kasai Taro , Hirose Jun , Tanaka Sakae
Published: July 2020

Interphalangeal hyperextension is one of the major hallux deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; however, there is yet no established surgical method for this deformity. We here present the case of a 69-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed hallux interphalangeal hyperextension and painful callosity on the plantar hallux accompanied by limited dorsiflexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Lateral weight-bearing radiograph of the foot revealed misalignment of the medial column and hallux, including a collapsed medial arch, elevated first metatarsal, plantar flexion and deviation of the proximal phalanx, and hyperextension of the distal phalanx. The foot was successfully treated and became symptom-free with opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform, plantar and proximal translation of the metatarsal head, and tenotomy of the extensor hallucis longus. This case suggests that reconstruction of the sagittal alignment of the medial column and hallux through a combination of osteotomy and soft tissue intervention could be an optional treatment for interphalangeal hyperextension.
An Effectual Biosorbent Substance for Removal of Manganese Ions from Aquatic Environment: A Promising Environmental Remediation Study with Activated Coastal Waste of Zostera marina Plant
Authors: Deniz Fatih , Tezel Ersanli Elif
Published: July 2020

In the present research paper, a biosorptive remediation practice for an aqueous medium sample polluted with manganese ions was implemented using the activated coastal waste of the Zostera marina plant. This is the first report in the literature on the utilization of current modified biological waste as a biosorbent substance for the removal of manganese ions from the water environment. The analyses of biosorbent characterization, environmental condition, kinetic, equilibrium, and comparison were performed to introduce the ability of prepared biosorbent for the removal of manganese from the aquatic medium. The biosorbent matter has a rough surface with numerous cavities and cracks and various functional groups for the biosorption of manganese. The environmental conditions significantly affected the manganese purification process, and the optimum working conditions were determined to be biosorbent quantity of 10 mg, pH of 6, manganese concentration of 30 mg L-1, and time of 60 min. The pseudo‐second‐order model best explained the kinetic data of biosorption operation. The biosorption equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equilibrium model, the maximum purification potency was estimated to be 120.6 mg g-1. The comparison work revealed that the activated coastal waste of the Z. marina plant could be utilized as an effectual and promising biosorbent substance for the remediation of an aquatic environment contaminated with manganese ions.
Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Aroua Nesrine , Boet Emeline , Ghisi Margherita , Nicolau-Travers Marie-Laure , Saland Estelle , Gwilliam Ryan , de Toni Fabienne , Hosseini Mohsen , Mouchel Pierre-Luc , Farge Thomas , Bosc Claudie , Stuani Lucille , Sabatier Marie , Mazed Fetta , Larrue Clément , Jarrou Latifa , Gandarillas Sarah , Bardotti Massimiliano , Picard Muriel , Syrykh Charlotte , Laurent Camille , Gotanègre Mathilde , Bonnefoy Nathalie , Bellvert Floriant , Portais Jean-Charles , Nicot Nathalie , Azuaje Francisco , Kaoma Tony , Joffre Carine , Tamburini Jérome , Récher Christian , Vergez François , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samples in vivo and in vitro. CD39 cell-surface expression and activity is increased in patients with AML upon chemotherapy compared with diagnosis, and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes cytarabine resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated adaptive mitochondrial stress response. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CD39 ecto-ATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by cytarabine treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new residual disease marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML.

Significance:

Extracellular ATP and CD39–P2RY13–cAMP–OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426
Association between Serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) Glycoprotein and Calcific Deposits on Cardiac Valves and Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Younis Dalia , Bahie Ahmed , Elzehery Rasha , El-Kannishy Ghada , Wahab Ahmed M.
Published: July 2020

Background: Cardiac valve calcification (CVC) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Once believed to be a passive process, it is now understood that the Wnt signaling pathway has a major role. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between circulating DKK-1, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and CVC, as well as carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) in HD patients. Methods: We enrolled 74 consecutive adults on maintenance HD. Echocardiographic calcification of the mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV) were detected according to Wilkins score (range 0–4), and the study of Tenenbaum et al. [Int J Cardiol. 2004 Mar;94(1):7–13] (range 0–4), respectively. CVC severity was calculated by a supposed score (range 0–8) that represents the sum of calcification grade of MV and AV. CVC severity was classified into absent (CVC score = 0), mild (CVC score = 1–2), moderate (CVC score = 3–4), and severe (CVC score ≥5). Demographic and biochemical data were collected in addition to serum DKK-1 levels and CIMT. Results: CVC was present in 67 patients (91.0%). There was a highly significant negative correlation between serum DKK-1 level and CVC score (r = –0.492; p ≤ 0.001), as well as CIMT (r = –0.611; p ≤ 0.001). Age and CIMT were independent determinants of CVC. Conclusions: CVC is almost present in all HD patients. DKK-1 seems to have a direct relation with CVC and CIMT in HD patients. Age is the strongest independent determinant of CVC.
Multicenter Cohort Study to Assess the Association between Changes on Imaging and Outcome after Regorafenib Treatment (KSCC1603)
Authors: Oki Eiji , Kawahira Masahiro , Kusumoto Tetsuya , Yuki Satoshi , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Kobayashi Yoshimitsu , Nishie Akihiro , Kawanami Satoshi , Makiyama Akitaka , Saeki Hiroshi , Sakamoto Sanae , Komatsu Yoshito , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Mori Masaki , Esaki Taito
Published: July 2020

Background: Molecular targeted drugs having angiogenesis-inhibiting properties allow the induction of necrosis inside tumors. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between changes on imaging associated with regorafenib (REGO) and treatment outcomes using real-world data. Patients and Methods: The eligibility criteria included an ECOG PS of 0–1, a starting dose of 120 or 160 mg/day of REGO, and a duration of treatment of at least 35 days. Regarding changes on imaging, cavitation in lung lesions (CLL), morphologic response of liver lesions (MRL), and change of liver metastasis density (CLD) were evaluated. Results: We finally screened 671 cases, and 226 cases were eligible. In total, 172 and 145 patients had lung and liver metastases, respectively. Among the patients with lung metastasis, CLL was found in 69 patients (40.0%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients with and those without CLL was 3.2 and 2.4 months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.758; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.529–1.087), and the median overall survival (OS) of these groups was 10.5 and 8.9 months, respectively (HR = 0.862; 95% CI: 0.579–1.285). MRL and CLD of liver metastasis were analyzed in 145 and 90 patients, respectively. The median OS with and without MRL was 8.9 and 8.2 months, respectively, whereas the median OS with and without CLD was 11.6 and 7.7 months, respectively (HR = 0.523; 95% CI: 0.275–0.992). Conclusion: CLL may predict PFS but not OS among patients with lung metastasis. CLD was predictive of favorable outcomes for REGO in patients with liver metastasis.
Iron Deficiency Anemia-Induced Lymphocytopenia in a Young Female
Authors: Abdelmahmuod Elabbass A. , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: July 2020

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and it occurs when the human body does not have enough of the mineral iron (https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia#diagnosis). Iron deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia). Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass (https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/ida/en/). Little is known about the association between iron deficiency anemia and lymphocytopenia. Here, we report on a 17-year-old female who presented with iron deficiency anemia and was found to have lymphopenia. She recovered after having received intravenous iron therapy.
Hypovitaminosis D Is Associated with Some Metabolic Indices in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sonuga Ayobola Abimbola , Sonuga Oyebola Oluwagbemiga
Published: July 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a pregnancy complication, is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has recently been recognized as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of GDM, and this link might be associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation, which are implicated in GDM. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the relationship between vitamin D, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, zinc, ferritin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in GDM. Method: A case-control study in which 80 women attending the antenatal clinic of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited; the women were grouped into controls (40 nondiabetic pregnant women) and cases (40 pregnant women with GDM). Blood samples were taken at the second trimester, and metabolites were quantified by standard laboratory methods. Student’s t test and Pearson correlation were used to compare variables and determine the relationship between variables, respectively. Results: Results showed significant (p < 0.05) low levels of serum vitamin D and zinc, and significant (p < 0.05) higher levels of FPG and serum insulin, ferritin, and CRP in the GDM group compared to the control group. In the GDM group, a positive weak relationship was observed between vitamin D and zinc (r = 0.18, p < 0.05), while vitamin D was inversely correlated with FPG, serum insulin, ferritin, and CRP (r = –0.23, –0.21, –0.20, –0.46, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that hypovitaminosis D might be associated with glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity, and inflammation, which are factors implicated in the development and progression of GDM.
Extended Colectomy Followed by Cecorectal Anastomosis as a Surgical Treatment Modality in Synchronous Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Efetov Sergey K. , Zubayraeva Albina A. , Nekoval Valery M. , Tyan Aleksandra S. , Tulina Inna A. , Tsarkov Petr V.
Published: July 2020

Subtotal and extended left colectomies with ileocecal junction preservation represent preferable alternatives in cases of massive involvement of the colon in the pathological process. However, these approaches might be challenging in terms of reconstructive steps. Antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis is one of the possible techniques. Still, this type of pouch formation is described mostly in slow-transit constipation surgical management. We report on a patient with synchronous colorectal cancer who underwent extended left colectomy. In the case of compromised vessel anatomy, it was decided to perform antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis. We present all clinical and intraoperative patient’s data, determining the surgical tactics, and short-term postoperative results. An antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis can be considered in nonstandard clinical cases and variable anatomy of the patient.
Skin Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mitomi Takahiro , Kawahara Takashi , Nomura Shunsuke , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Takeshima Tappei , Takamoto Daiji , Otani Masako , Uemura Hiroji
Published: July 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 3% of all cases of skin metastasis. In these patients, solitary metastasis from RCC shows a favorable prognosis. A 68-year-old woman was found to have a right renal tumor in 2009, and the pathological diagnosis was pathological T3 and grade 3 right clear cell RCC. Left-sided RCC developed and was resected in 2018. She subsequently noticed a cutaneous nodule on her abdomen. We performed surgical resection, and the pathological diagnosis was skin metastasis of RCC. We herein report a case of skin metastasis of RCC that developed 11 years after the initial diagnosis that was successfully treated by surgical resection.
Direct Comparison of (Anthropometric) Methods for the Assessment of Body Composition
Authors: Golja Petra , Robič Pikel Tatjana , Zdešar Kotnik Katja , Fležar Matjaž , Selak Samo , Kapus Jernej , Kotnik Primož
Published: July 2020

Objective: Several methods for the assessment of body composition exist, yet they yield different results. The present study aimed to assess the extent of these differences on a sample of young, healthy subjects. We hypothesised that differences in body composition results obtained with different methods will vary to the extent that a subject can be misclassified into different nutritional categories. Research Methods and Procedures: Underwater weighing (UWW), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometry (ANT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to assess body composition. An extensive list of ANT regression equations (or sets of equations) was analysed in terms of accuracy and precision relative to DXA. Results: When DXA-determined body fat (BF) values were taken as a reference, UWW overestimated BF in both genders. In contrast, BIA (measured with a given bioimpedance analyser) underestimated BF in females, although BIA-determined BF did not differ from DXA in males. A huge difference in BF estimates (8–29% for females and 6–29% for males, for DXA-determined BF of 25.5% and 13.9% for females in males, respectively) was observed across a number of ANT regression equations; yet, ANT proved not to be inferior to DXA, provided that regression equations with the highest combinations of accuracy and precision were chosen. Conclusions: The study proved grounds for comparison of body composition results of young, healthy subjects, obtained with different methods and across a wide range of ANT regression equations. It also revealed a list of the most appropriate ANT regression equations for the selected sample and reported their accuracy and precision.
Effect of Fentanyl Boluses on Cerebral Oxygenation and Hemodynamics in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mitra Souvik , Babadagli M. Ege , Hatfield Tara , dePalma Averie , McCord Helen , El-Naggar Walid , Schmölzer Georg M. , McMillan Douglas D.
Published: July 2020

Background: Fentanyl is a commonly used off-label medication for pain control and sedation in preterm infants. Yet, the effect of fentanyl on cerebral hemodynamics in preterm neonates remains unexplored. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a bolus dose of fentanyl on the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (RcSO2), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) and left ventricular output (LVO) as compared with pre-administration baseline in preterm infants. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a level III Canadian NICU from September 2017 to February 2019. Preterm infants born <37 weeks of gestation and scheduled to receive a fentanyl bolus (1–2 μg/kg/dose) were eligible. Infants with major congenital anomalies, medically unstable and those who had received fentanyl in the previous 48 h were excluded. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the difference between RcSO2 measured 5 min prior to and RcSO2 measured at defined time points after administration of fentanyl. Results: Twenty-eight infants were enrolled during the study period (median gestational age 28 weeks; interquartile range [IQR] 25–29 weeks; median birth weight 1,035 g [IQR 830–1,292 g]; median age 4 days [IQR 3–7 days]). Mean (±standard deviation) baseline RcSO2 was 73.6% (±11.8), cFTOE was 21.9 (±11.2) and LVO was 380 (±147) mL/kg/min prior to fentanyl infusion. One-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between baseline and any of the post-fentanyl cerebral oxygenation, tissue oxygen extraction or cardiac output measures (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of fentanyl bolus for procedural pain and sedation was not shown to significantly affect cerebral oxygenation, cerebral tissue oxygen extraction or cardiac output in stable preterm infants.
Variations in the Referral Pattern for Genetic Counseling of Patients with Early-Onset Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study in Southern Sweden
Authors: Augustinsson Annelie , Ellberg Carolina , Kristoffersson Ulf , Olsson Håkan , Ehrencrona Hans
Published: July 2020

Swedish national breast cancer guidelines recommend that all women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) at the age of 35 years or younger should be referred to their regional oncogenetic clinic for genetic counseling and testing, regardless of family history of cancer. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether place of residence at BC diagnosis and treating hospital were associated with the fact that not all BC patients diagnosed at ≤35 years in the southern part of Sweden have attended genetic counseling and testing. Between 2000 and 2013, 279 women in the South Swedish Health Care Region were diagnosed with BC at ≤35 years. Information regarding place of residence at BC diagnosis, treating hospital, time of registration and first meeting at the Oncogenetic Clinic in Lund, and genetic testing was collected. With a follow-up period until August 2018, 64% were registered at the clinic (60% underwent genetic testing) and 36% were not. BC patients from 2 counties and from rural settings with a population of <10,000 inhabitants were significantly less likely to be registered at the clinic. Our results suggest that place of residence at BC diagnosis and treating hospital were associated with the probability of referral for genetic counseling and testing for women diagnosed with BC at ≤35 years in the South Swedish Health Care Region. We propose, as a generalizable finding, that further educational and outreach activities within the health care system and the community may be needed to ensure that all women diagnosed with early-onset BC receive proper genetic counseling.
An Unexpected Cause of Catastrophic Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Alabbood Majid H.
Published: July 2020

Profound hypothyroidism has been linked to mild bleeding diathesis such as easy bruising and menorrhagia. Bleeding tendency depends on the severity of hypothyroidism. Those with moderate disease are prone to thrombotic events, while those with profound hypothyroidism are prone to bleeding. This paper reports a case of severe intraoperative bleeding during elective rhinoplasty in a patient with missed profound hypothyroidism. The clinical and laboratory findings are presented with a review of the literature. A 43-year-old female was admitted for an elective rhinoplasty. In the theater, the patient developed massive bleeding at the beginning of surgery. On the next day, the patient was discharged home for further assessment with a massive bruise all over her face. Upon history taking, the patient denied any drug abuse or previous bleeding episode or family history of bleeding disorder. Surprisingly, a transverse scar was noted at the lower part of the neck. The patient admitted that she had thyroidectomy done 2 years ago, and she was kept on thyroxine replacement and stopped it by herself 18 months ago. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was 70 mU/L, and von Willebrand factor antigen/ristocetin cofactor was normal. A diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome type 1 was made. The patient was kept on thyroxine 150 µg/day. Six weeks later, TSH was 0.8 mU/L, and all bleeding parameters were corrected. A careful history taking and general examination looking for hypothyroidism is crucial in the preoperative assessment. It might be prudent to include thyroid function test in the routine preoperative investigation of all patients.
Roles of Thyroid Hormones, Mast Cells, and Inflammatory Mediators in the Initiation and Progression of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Zdor Victoria Vladimirovna , Geltser Boris Izraelivich , Eliseikina Marina Gennadiyevna , Markelova Elena Vladimirovna , Tikhonov Yaakov Nikolayevich , Plekhova Natalia Gennadiyevna , Karaulov Alexander V.
Published: July 2020

Background: Interrelation between thyrocytes and immunocytes has been established. However, the roles of mast cells and thyroid hormones in the triggering mechanism of thyroid autoimmune processes have been insufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the role of thyroid hormones and mast cells in the mechanisms of losing tolerance to thyroid autoantigens. Materials and Methods: Two groups of patients were studied: patients with Graves’ disease and patients with nodular euthyroid goiter. Wistar rats with induced exogenous hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and thyrotoxicosis in parallel with administration of interleukin-2 were used. The levels of hormones, autoantibodies, and cytokines in the serum and thyroid tissue were analyzed through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological verification was performed through the immune-histochemical method with antibodies against tryptase and CD86. Transmission electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy were used. Results: In both Graves’ disease and induced thyrotoxicosis, we detected a significant increase in the levels of interferon-γ, active interfollicular infiltration and degranulation of mast cells, and the intrathyroid overexpression of CD86. Complex analysis of the rat’s thyroid morphofunctional state and systemic and local levels of cytokines in induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism demonstrated an increase of intrathyroid degranulation of mast cells and a drastic disruption of IFNγ/IL10 balance. Conclusions: When exposed to excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, an inflammatory response is triggered in the thyroid gland, and mast cells overexpress costimulating CD86 in the thyroid. This finding confirms their possible involvement in auto­antigen presentation. Significant increase in the levels of interferon-γ shows a determining influence of cytokine on the progression of the pathological process.
Sequence Similarities between Viroids and Human MicroRNAs
Authors: Bengone-Abogourin Jessica Grace , Chelkha Nisrine , Verdin Eric , Colson Philippe
Published: July 2020

Viroids are minute unencapsidated non-coding circular RNAs known to be present and to cause diseases only in plants. Infections were associated with the occurrence of specific single-stranded RNAs similar in size to miRNAs and endogenous small interfering RNAs, and viroid pathogenicity is suspected to occur through RNA interference. We looked for sequence similarities between viroids and the seed region of human microRNAs (hsa-miRNAs). Viroid genomes were retrieved from GenBank and mature hsa-mi­RNAs were retrieved from miRBase. Two hundred 300-nucleotide-long sequences were randomly generated as controls. BLAST searches were performed using viroids as queries and hsa-miRNAs as subjects with relaxed parameters, and matches involving hsa-miRNA seed regions were considered. A total of 81,021 matches were found, and 1,501 that showed 100% identity with whole hsa-miRNA seed regions were selected. The most frequent matches involved Chrysanthemum stunt viroid or Hop stunt viroidspecies with hsa-miR-4286, in 365 and 207 cases, respectively. Three hsa-mi­RNAs (miR-4286, miR-6808-5p, and miR-3622a-3p) were involved in 47% of all matches between viroids and hsa-mi­RNAs. Taken together, these findings warrant further investigation on the potential of viroids and their derived small RNAs to cross kingdoms and interact with nucleic acids in humans.
Racial Differences in Diuretic Efficiency, Plasma Renin, and Rehospitalization in Subjects With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Morris Alanna A. , Nayak Aditi , Ko Yi-An , D’Souza Melroy , Felker G. Michael , Redfield Margaret M. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Testani Jeffrey M. , Butler Javed
Published: July 2020

Background:

Black patients have higher rates of hospitalization for acute heart failure than other race/ethnic groups. We sought to determine whether diuretic efficiency is associated with racial differences in risk for rehospitalization after acute heart failure.

Methods:

A post hoc analysis was performed on 721 subjects (age, 68±13 years; 22% black) enrolled in 3 acute heart failure clinical trials: ROSE-AHF (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation in Acute Heart Failure), DOSE-AHF (Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure), and CARRESS-HF (Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test for a race×time effect on measures of decongestion. Diuretic efficiency was calculated as net fluid balance per total furosemide equivalents. In a subset of subjects, Cox regression was used to examine the association between race and rehospitalization according to plasma renin activity (PRA).

Results:

Compared with nonblack patients, black patients were younger and more likely to have nonischemic heart failure. During the first 72 to 96 hours, there was greater fluid loss (
P
=0.001), decrease in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide;
P
=0.002), and lower levels of PRA (
P
<0.0001) in black patients. Diuretic efficiency was higher in black than in nonblack patients (403 [interquartile range, 221–795] versus 325 [interquartile range, 154–698];
P
=0.014). However, adjustment for baseline PRA attenuated the association between black race and diuretic efficiency. Over a median follow-up of 68 (interquartile range, 56–177) days, there was an increased risk of all-cause and heart failure–specific rehospitalization in nonblack patients with increasing levels of PRA, while the risk of rehospitalization was relatively constant across levels of PRA in black patients.

Conclusions:

Higher diuretic efficiency in black patients with acute heart failure may be related to racial differences in activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Impact of Genetically Predicted Red Blood Cell Traits on Venous Thromboembolism: Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study Using UK Biobank
Authors: Luo Shan , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Zuber Verena , Burgess Stephen , Schooling Catherine Mary
Published: July 2020

Background

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent administration are cornerstones of clinical practice, yet concerns exist as to potential increased risk of thrombotic events. This study aims to identify RBC traits most relevant to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and assess their genetically predicted effects on VTE in the general population.

Methods and Results

We used multivariable mendelian randomization with bayesian model averaging for exposure selection. We obtained genetic variants predicting any of 12 RBC traits from the largest genome‐wide association study of hematological traits (173 480 participants of European ancestry) and applied them to the UK Biobank (265 424 white British participants). We used univariable mendelian randomization methods as sensitivity analyses for validation. Among 265 424 unrelated participants in the UK Biobank, there were 9752 cases of VTE (4490 men and 5262 women). Hemoglobin was selected as the plausible important RBC trait for VTE (marginal inclusion probability=0.91). The best‐fitting model across all RBC traits contained hemoglobin only (posterior probability=0.46). Using the inverse variance–weighted method, genetically predicted hemoglobin was positively associated (odds ratio, 1.21 per g/dL unit of hemoglobin; 95% CI, 1.05–1.41) with VTE. Sensitivity analyses (mendelian randomization–Egger, weighted median, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test) gave consistent estimates.

Conclusions

Endogenous hemoglobin is the key RBC trait causing VTE, with a detrimental effect in the general population on VTE. Given men have higher hemoglobin than women, this finding may help explain the sexual disparity in VTE rates. The benefits of therapies and other factors that raise hemoglobin need to be weighed against their risks.
Stimulus-Induced Temporal Illusions: When Awareness Is Mesmerized by Time
Authors: Öztel Tutku , Balcı Fuat
Published: July 2020

Our subjective experience of time intervals is susceptible to the effects of the various properties of the timed stimuli/events (e.g., motion, size, affect). For instance, subjective time is considerably lengthened when observing faster and shortened when observing slower walking animations. Such effects on perceived time have been investigated widely in the field. What we do not know based on these studies is if participants are aware of these sorts of stimulus-induced timing illusions. Thus, the current study, using confidence ratings, investigated whether the participants are aware of their largely biased time perception induced by the observed walking speed in a temporal bisection task. After each categorization of a probe interval as ‘short’ or ‘long’, we asked participants to rate their confidence level regarding their categorization. We reasoned that if participants were aware of their biased time perception, the temporal modulation of confidence ratings regarding their categorization performance would not change between different walking speed conditions. We found that confidence ratings closely tracked shifts in the psychometric functions suggesting that participants were not aware of the stimulus-induced warping of perceived time. We replicated these findings in a second experiment. Our results show that human participants are not aware of the stimulus-induced temporal illusions they experience.
Pedicularis raghvendrae (Orobanchaceae), a new species from Sikkim Himalaya, India

Authors: GARG ARTI , SINGH RAJEEV KUMAR , KHOLIA BHUPENDRA SINGH
Published: July 2020

Pedicularis raghvendrae, is described as a new species from the Sikkim Himalaya, India. The new species belongs to Pedicularis series Furfurae and is closely related to P. pantlingii, but differs by its shorter size, smaller leaves, smaller, villous, 4-toothed calyx, shorter calyx teeth, corolla white with light pinkish tinge, galea deflexed opposite to the midlobe of labium, midlobe of labium broadly elliptic-ovate, apex acute-obtuse, base distinctly stipitate, stamens inserted at base of corolla tube and filaments longer, all glabrous.
Checklist of Lycopodiaceae in Vietnam with three new records and one lectotypification

Authors: LU NGAN THI , VIET HUNG NGUYEN , SENNIKOV ALEXANDER N. , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , DO TRUONG VAN , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA P. , NURALIEV MAXIM S.
Published: July 2020

An updated checklist of the family Lycopodiaceae in Vietnam is provided. The checklist is based on the most recent taxonomic delimitation of this family. It comprises three subfamilies, six genera and 20 species. Three species, Huperzia nanlingensis, Phlegmariurus henryi and Phlegmariurus tetrastichus, are reported from Vietnam for the first time, which is mainly a result of floristic exploration of the country during the last 15 years. Detailed descriptions and photographs are provided for the newly recorded species, as well as a map showing their distribution in Vietnam. Taxonomy of these and related species is briefly discussed. Type material of P. tetrastichus was analyzed and a specimen from G (G00349152) was designated as a lectotype. It was demonstrated that the combination Huperzia tetrasticha has never been validly published.
Taxonomic remarks on selected Asian Lepidium (Brassicaceae)

Authors: GERMAN DMITRY A.
Published: July 2020

Taxonomy of some predominantly SW to Central Asian and, to a lesser degree, SE European members of Lepidium is updated. Lepidium crassifolium Pall. (non Waldst. & Kit.) is typified and synonymized with L. cartilagineum subsp. cartilagineum. Lepidium crassifolium var. ramosissimum is assigned to synonymy of L. cartilagineum subsp. crenatifolium. The neglected Lepidium descemetii is found to be a prior name for L. pumilum and L. tuzgoeluense and the need of limitation of its priority in favour of L. pumilum is highlighted. Occurrence of the species in Iran is not confirmed as well as the wide distribution of L. caespitosum in Turkey that is restricted to north-eastern Anatolia. Finally, Lepidium pabotii is found conspecific with L. fenestratum, comb. nov. and L. gobicum is relegated to synonymy of L. apetalum.
Two new species of nematode-trapping fungi (Dactylellina, Orbiliaceae) from burned forest in Yunnan, China

Authors: ZHANG FA , ZHOU XIN-JUAN , MONKAI JUTAMART , LI FEI-TENG , LIU SHUO-RAN , YANG XIAO-YAN , WEN XIAO , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: July 2020

Two new Dactylellina (nematode-trapping fungi) species, D. yushanensis and D. cangshanensis from the burned forest soil in Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China are introduced in this paper based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Their descriptions and illustrations are provided. Dactylellina yushanensis is characterized by its geniculate branched conidiophore, two types conidia and fusiform, clavate or drop-shaped microconidia grown in conidiophore or produced by macroconidia with micro-cycle conidiation pathway. Dactylellina cangshanensis is characterized by its fusiform, spindle-shaped, clavate or drop-shaped conidia with 2-4-septate. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS, EF1-α and RPB2 sequence showed that these two species cluster together with D. ellipsospora with obvious genetic differentiation.
New diatom species Navicula davidovichii from Vietnam (Southeast Asia)

Authors: KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM , CHUDAEV DMITRY , GLUSHCHENKO ANTON , KUZNETSOVA IRINA , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK
Published: July 2020

We present light and scanning electron microscopical observations on one new species of Navicula Bory sensu stricto from Vietnam. The new species, Navicula davidovichii Chudaev, Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy & Kociolek sp. nov., possesses all typical morphological features for the genus, including uniseriate striae covered by internal convex hymenes, median raphe with accessory rib at the internal surface, and hooked external distal raphe ends. Navicula davidovichii sp. nov., is distinguished from others in the genus on the basis valve outline, shape of the apices, as well as striae and areolar densities. The very interesting shape of the valve, with widely rounded capitate apices, is more typical for species in the genus Pinnularia than in Navicula. Morphologically similar species are almost unknown, except possibly Navicula reinhardtii (Grunow) Grunow. Comparison with the above-mentioned species is given.
An annotated list of the species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) described by Mohammad A.-R. Ansari
Authors: NAZ SAIMA , NAJER TOMAS , GUSTAFSSON DANIEL R.
Published: July 2020

Mohammad Atiq-ur-Rahman Ansari (1911–1979) was an Indian phthirapterist who contributed to the knowledge of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Indian subcontinent with 41 papers published from 1944 to 1968. He described 195 new species and subspecies of chewing lice from birds and redescribed 182 previously known species of all groups of lice. Among the new species, 155 are still considered valid. We list all the species and subspecies described by Ansari under their original binomial or trinomial names, adding for each one: subsequent references by Ansari, current taxonomic status (i.e. taxa placed now in different genera, or with senior synonyms), type host, type locality, and deposition of type material when still extant. About 120 (62%) of Ansari’s primary type specimens are deposited at museums in the United Kingdom and the U.S.A., with the remaining 75 primary types presumed lost. Four species are here considered species inquirenda, because the morphological data published by Ansari are not consistent with diagnostic characters of the genera in which he placed them, and their types could not be located to confirm their correct generic placement. They are Capraiella masumae Ansari, 1955; Craspedorrhynchus chicquera Ansari, 1955; Cuculicola jamilae Ansari, 1955 and Cuculoecus distinctus Ansari, 1955. We propose the name Philopterus ansarii nomen novum as a replacement for Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1956e—preoccupied by Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1955e—and designate a neotype for it. We also designate a neotype for Alcedoecus anularis Ansari, 1955e and Alcedoecus annulatus Tendeiro, 1965a, placing the latter name as an absolute junior synonym of the former.