bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear finite element study on the improvement of torsional strengthening of RC beams with diagonal shear reinforcement
Authors: Orman Subasi Rojda , Caglar Naci , Demirtas Gamze , Özturk Hakan
Published: December 2024

Experimental and numerical studies are carried out by many researchers in order to examine the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under the torsion moment and to improve the torsional moment capacity. In this study, a numerical study is performed to investigate efficiency of diagonal shear reinforcement (DSR) on the response of RC beams subjected to pure torsion. A nonlinear numerical model was constituted to simulate the response of the RC beams by using ABAQUS software program and verified with the selected experimental results from literature. The numerical analysis results proved that the nonlinear numerical model is quite successful in simulating the nonlinear behavior of RC beams and DSR makes a very significant contribution to the torsional moment capacity of the RC beam subjected to pure torsion.
Governança colaborativa na gestão de pessoas: um olhar integrativo na escala pública brasileira
Authors: Xavier Renata Glesemary Santos , Holanda Lucielma Santos Passos de , Carvalho Kleverton Melo de , Oliveira Thaís Ettinger
Published: December 2024

Considerando a escassez de estudos que integram gestão de pessoas e governança colaborativa no contexto da administração pública federal brasileira, este trabalho justifica-se pela necessidade de abordagens inovadoras para enfrentar problemas como alta rotatividade de servidores, fragilidades na avaliação de desempenho e burocracia excessiva. Objetiva-se analisar criticamente a literatura acadêmica sobre o uso de governança colaborativa na gestão de pessoas, propondo uma base para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais eficazes. Para tanto, procede-se a uma revisão sistemática e integrativa da literatura, com enfoque qualitativo, abrangendo artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2024 na base Web of Science. Desse modo, observa-se uma lacuna significativa na literatura brasileira sobre o tema, mas identifica-se que práticas como liderança compartilhada e redes colaborativas podem aprimorar o engajamento, a inovação e a eficiência organizacional. Conclui-se que a governança colaborativa oferece oportunidades promissoras para modernizar a gestão pública, embora enfrente resistências culturais e estruturais que demandam adaptações específicas. Este estudo contribui ao promover reflexões teóricas e práticas, criando fundamentos para futuras pesquisas empíricas e o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais inclusivas e eficazes.
A Case Study of Nova Scotia Health’s Central Intake Services for Mental Health and Addictions: Design, Implementation, and Impact
Authors: Smith Jeffrey A. , Hodder Samantha , Simon Patryk , Graham Robert , Bullerwell Michele , Pyche Mary
Published: December 2024

This article outlines the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Nova Scotia Health’s first province-wide centralized intake services for both mental health and addictions. The key steps in the planning phase included stakeholder identification, current state assessment and system design. The service was then successfully implemented, leveraging dedicated training and support resources for managers and staff. The results of the evaluation suggest that the intake service reduced wait times for mental health and addiction intake assessments by 60%. Moreover, clinicians found the assessments useful in understanding their clients, while clients reported that the intake experience was supportive, although the response rate was low.
Calendar Anomalies and Volatility in the Indian Equity Market: Insight from 2008 Financial Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: K Dinesh , D'souza Janet Jyothi
Published: December 2024

This study explores the presence of calendar anomalies in the Indian equity market during two economic shocks: the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and Threshold GARCH models to analyze the impact of economic downturns on volatility in a sample of Indian Stock Indices. This research identifies notable patterns, including the Wednesday effect during the financial crisis and the Monday and Tuesday effects during the global pandemic. By addressing a crucial gap in the literature, this study offers a comparative analysis of these crises and elucidates market volatility and investor behaviour in emerging markets. This study illuminates the critical role of investor confidence in mitigating financial instability and emphasizes the necessity for efficacious policy interventions to address economic disruptions, enhance financial resilience, and avert future crises, particularly during endogenous economic downturns such as financial recessions. This study elucidates the multifaceted effects of crises on financial markets and the broader economy, revealing intricate mechanisms that influence market dynamics during periods of economic turbulence.
Memória e Fake News: Contribuições da Psicologia Cognitiva para a Compreensão do Fenômeno da Desinformação
Authors: P. F. Santos Matheus , F. Andrade Thales Augusto , Jaeger Antônio
Published: December 2024

Although false information has been systematically used for political and economic purposes for several centuries, it has recently reached unprecedented levels of infl uence and “contagion”. This occurs due to a series of factors, especially technological and economic ones. A plethora of terms such as fake news, disinformation, mal-information, misinformation, counterinformation, among others, have been used to describe the phenomenon, which is complex and requires research in multiple areas. However, there is a scarcity of literature in cognitive psychology related to this issue, especially regarding memory. In order to address this gap, the present article aims to establish connections between these phenomena and memory. In addition to this more theoretical eff ort, we conducted a brief review of publications in Portuguese and English that present data on the phenomenon. We sought to address the defi nition and proliferation of misinformation/disinformation, as well as related cognitive and non-cognitive factors. A greater focus was placed on the role of episodic, semantic, and collective memories; repetition of content; memory performance and confi dence; social and memory conformity. Possible strategies for coping with misinformation/disinformation and directions for future research were also addressed. Most of the cognitive psychology studies found address the phenomenon focusing on reasoning and decision-making, disregarding the possible role of memory. Nonetheless, false information is rarely entirely new, as decision-making and reasoning processes are broadly supported by the evocation of semantic memories. Therefore, considering the role of memory is essential not only for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon but also for tackling it eff ectively.Keywords: Memory, cognition, misinformation, disinformation, fake new
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted 7‐Azabenzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Fu Chunsheng , Li Gaoyu , Shen Meng , Zhang Longxia , Yu Peng , Wang Dong
Published: March 2020

A facile synthetic protocol for a series of tri‐ and tetrasubstituted 7‐azabenzofuran derivatives has been designed and successfully executed. The usefulness of this protocol is exemplified by the efficient synthesis of a potent HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor. Compared to the known synthesis, the overall yield has been increased by six times. Those harmful and cost‐effective synthetic steps have been decreased, including reactions requiring the use of halogenating reagents, precious metals, high temperature or high‐pressure operation.
Distribution of AC Electric Field‐Induced Transmembrane Voltage in Escherichia coli Cell Wall Layers
Authors: Rauly Dominique , Vindret Médéric , Chamberod Eric , Martins Jean M. F. , Xavier Pascal
Published: March 2020

On the basis of Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli models previously published in the literature, the transmembrane voltage induced by the application of an alternating current (AC) electric field on a bacterial suspension is calculated using COMSOL Multiphysics software, in the range 1–20 MHz, for longitudinal and transverse field orientations. The voltages developed on each of the three layers of the cell wall are then calculated using an electrical equivalent circuit. This study shows that the overall voltage on the cell wall, whose order of magnitude is a few tens of µV, is mainly distributed on inner and outer layers, while a near‐zero voltage is found on the periplasm, due to its much higher electrical conductivity compared with the other layers. Although the outer membrane electrical conductivity taken in the model is a thousand times higher than that of the inner membrane, the voltage there is about half of that on the inner membrane, due to capacitive effects. It follows that the expression of protein complexes anchored in the inner membrane could potentially be disrupted, inducing in particular a possible perturbation of biological processes related to cellular respiration and proton cycle, and leading to growth inhibition as a consequence. Protein complexes anchored in the outer membrane or constituting a bridge between the three layers of the cell wall, such as some porins, may also undergo the same action, which would add another growth inhibition factor, as a result of deficiency in porin filtration function when the external environment contains biocides. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:279–288 © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Volume–outcome relationship of liver surgery: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Olthof P B , Elfrink A K E , Marra E , Belt E J T , van den Boezem P B , Bosscha K , Consten E C J , den Dulk M , Gobardhan P D , Hagendoorn J , van Heek T N T , IJzermans J N M , Klaase J M , Kuhlmann K F D , Leclercq W K G , Liem M S L , Manusama E R , Marsman H A , Mieog J S D , Oosterling S J , Patijn G A , te Riele W , Swijnenburg R-J , Torrenga H , van Duijvendijk P , Vermaas M , Kok N F M , Grünhagen D J , Besselink M G H , de Boer M T , Buis C I , van Gulik T M , Hoogwater F J H , Molenaar I Q , Dejong C H C , Verhoef C
Published: March 2020

Background

Evidence for an association between hospital volume and outcomes for liver surgery is abundant. The current Dutch guideline requires a minimum volume of 20 annual procedures per centre. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hospital volume and postoperative outcomes using data from the nationwide Dutch Hepato Biliary Audit.

Methods

This was a nationwide study in the Netherlands. All liver resections reported in the Dutch Hepato Biliary Audit between 2014 and 2017 were included. Annual centre volume was calculated and classified in categories of 20 procedures per year. Main outcomes were major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo grade IIIA or higher) and 30-day or in-hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 5590 liver resections were done across 34 centres with a median annual centre volume of 35 (i.q.r. 20–69) procedures. Overall major morbidity and mortality rates were 11·2 and 2·0 per cent respectively. The mortality rate was 1·9 per cent after resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs), 1·2 per cent for non-CRLMs, 0·4 per cent for benign tumours, 4·9 per cent for hepatocellular carcinoma and 10·3 per cent for biliary tumours. Higher-volume centres performed more major liver resections, and more resections for hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary cancer. There was no association between hospital volume and either major morbidity or mortality in multivariable analysis, after adjustment for known risk factors for adverse events.

Conclusion

Hospital volume and postoperative outcomes were not associated.
Clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, and appropriate surgical approaches for stage I acinar and papillary predominant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Di , Yang Jianjun , Liu Xiguang , Feng Siyang , Dong Xiaoying , Shi Xiaoshun , Zhai Jianxue , Mai Shijie , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Zhizhi , Wu Hua , Cai Kaican
Published: March 2020

Background

Whether prognosis differs between lung acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (ACN) and papillary predominant adenocarcinoma (PAP) patients remains controversial. Furthermore, the appropriate surgical plan for each subtype is undetermined.

Methods

Data of stage I ACN or PAP patients from 2004 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by SEER*Stat 8.3.5. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and lung cancer specific survival (LCSS).

Results

1531 patients (PAP, 484; ACN, 1047) were included. ACN patients had better OS (P = .001) and LCSS (P = .003) than PAP patients. Among stage I ACN patients, lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (Lob) (P = .001) or segmentectomy (Seg) (P = .003) provided a better OS than wedge resection (Wed). And ACN patients who received Lob had a equivalent LCSS, compared to those who received Seg (P = .895). For patients with PAP in stage I, those who received Lob tended to have a better prognosis than that received Seg (HR of OS, 0.605, 95% CI: 0.263‐1.393; HR of LCSS, 0.541, 95% CI: 0.194‐1.504) or Wed (HR of OS, 0.735, 95% CI: 0.481‐1.123; HR of LCSS, 0.688, 95% CI: 0.402‐1.180).

Conclusions

Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma in stage I, those with ACN have a better OS and LCSS than that with PAP. For patients with stage I ACN, Seg and Lob, rather than Wed, seem to be an equivalent treatment choice; however, Seg is the prior option because it could preserve more lung function than Lob. For patients with PAP, Lob tends to be a better choice than Wed and Seg, although the prognostic difference between them is nonsignificant.
Odoriferous Therapy: A Review Identifying Essential Oils against Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Leigh‐de Rapper Stephanie , van Vuuren Sandy F.
Published: March 2020

This review explores the body of scientific information available on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils against pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and critically compares this to what is recommended in the Layman's aroma‐therapeutic literature. Essential oils are predominantly indicated for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses (total 79.0 %), the efficacy of which has not been confirmed through clinical trials. When used in combination, they are often blended for presumed holistic synergistic effects. Of the essential oils recommended, all show some degree of antioxidant activity, 50.0 % demonstrate anti‐inflammatory effects and 83.3 % of the essential oils showed antihistaminic activity. Of the essential oils reviewed, 43.8 % are considered non‐toxic while the remaining essential oils are considered slightly to moderately toxic (43.7 %) or the toxicity is unknown (12.5 %). Recommendations are made for further research into essential oil combinations.
Effect of Surfactants on the Flow Patterns of Horizontal Tube Bundles with a Falling Film
Authors: Lonardi Federico , Olbricht Michael , Luke Andrea
Published: March 2020

The influence of two alcoholic surfactants on the flow patterns of falling film tube bundles is investigated. The flow patterns are measured in a single‐stage absorption chiller in the absence of surfactants. The surface tension of H2O/aqueous LiBr solution with different concentrations of 1‐octanol and 2‐ethylhexanol is measured at low pressure in a saturated atmosphere. Small quantities of surfactants in the aqueous solution do not have an influence on the flow patterns of the condenser and evaporator, while a shift from droplet to jet mode is predicted in the absorber and generator at the typical working condition of an absorption chiller.
Interactions of Solvated Electrons with Nucleobases: The Effect of Base Pairing
Authors: Ranga Santosh , Mukherjee Madhubani , Dutta Achintya Kumar
Published: March 2020

We have investigated the effect of base pairing on the electron attachment to nucleobases in bulk water, taking the guanine−cytosine (GC) base pair as a test case. The presence of the complementary base reinforces the stabilization effect provided by water and preferentially stabilizes the anion by hydrogen bonding. The electron attachment in bulk‐solvated GC happens through a doorway mechanism, where the initial electron attached state is water bound, and it subsequently gets converted to a GC bound state. The additional electron in the final GC bound state is localized on the cytosine, similar to that in the gas phase. The transfer of the electron from the initial water‐bound state to the final GC bound state happens due to the mixing of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom and takes place at a picosecond time scale.
Numerical simulation of three‐sided lid‐driven square cavity
Authors: Kamel Abanoub G. , Haraz Eman H. , Hanna Sarwat N.
Published: March 2020

In this article, an incompressible, two‐dimensional (2D), time‐dependent Newtonian fluid flow in a square cavity is simulated using finite difference method and alternating direction implicit technique. Navier‐Stokes equations are solved numerically in stream function‐vorticity formulation. In order to verify the numerical solver, the one‐sided lid‐driven cavity is studied and the results are compared with relevant data in the literature. They were in a very good agreement. Furthermore, two distinguished unexplored cases of the three‐sided lid‐driven cavity have been investigated. In case (1), the upper and lower walls are translated to the right, while the left wall is translated upward and the right wall remains stationary. Moreover, in case (2), the upper wall is translated to the right but the lower wall is translated to the left, while the left wall is translated downward and the right wall remains stationary. However, stream function and vorticity values in addition to the location of primary and secondary vortices' centers inside the square cavity have been revealed at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re), typically (Re = 100 to 2000). Moreover, the higher the Re, the more main primary vortex approaches the cavity center and the bigger the secondary vortices.
Variable‐speed method for improving the performance of a mine counter‐rotating fan
Authors: Ai Zijian , Qin Guoliang , Lin Jingxiang , Chen Xuefei , He Wenqiang
Published: March 2020

Existing methods of improving the performance of mine counter‐rotating fans (MCRFs) through speed matching of the rotors have certain drawbacks. This study proposes a variable‐speed method for the two rotors of an MCRF to improve its performance, including the blocking margin, operational safety, high‐efficiency working range (HER), and stability margin. Experimental and numerical methods were used to study the pneumatic performance of the MCRF. The results show that the second rotor (R2) is the critical stage affecting the safety of the motor, HER, and blocking margin. A condition‐adaptive speed matching method was proposed for R2 to avoid overloading the second motor at low‐flow rates and to improve the blocking margin and HER. The first rotor (R1) is the critical stage determining the stability margin of the MCRF. Reducing n1 and increasing n2 at low‐flow rates helped extend the stability margin.
Barriers in seeking support: Perspectives of service providers who are survivors of sexual violence
Authors: Anderson Gwendolyn D. , Overby Rebekah
Published: March 2020

Research with survivors of sexual violence suggests that most do not seek supportive services from community organizations. The purpose of this study is to understand the unique barriers that service providers, who are also survivors of sexual violence, may experience and how it informs their work with survivors. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 19 female, trans, and nonbinary survivors of sexual violence who are also employed as domestic violence or sexual assault advocates, community organizers, therapists, health care providers, educators, or substance abuse counselors, and had worked with survivors of sexual violence in their current positions. We coded the data using a multistep strategy derived from grounded theory. Participants indicated sensitivity to community‐level barriers including where services are offered, perceived cost of services, and taking time off of work. Internalized blame, shame, minimization of their experiences, and trauma were also mentioned as significant barriers for themselves and impacted their work with survivors. Our findings suggest a need for trauma‐informed intervention in community practice and policy.
Is occluded phosphate plant‐available?
Authors: Schubert Sven , Steffens Diedrich , Ashraf Imran
Published: March 2020

Background: The phosphate concentration of the soil solution is generally low, allowing sufficient plant nutrition only for a few days. Therefore, supply from various fractions of bound phosphate is essential to meet plant demand. It is known that plants have developed strategies to acquire phosphorus (P) from phosphates adsorbed on clay minerals or oxides, from organically bound phosphates, and from calcium phosphates. However, it is generally assumed that occluded phosphate is not plant‐available.

Results: In a pot experiment, two plant species, namely maize (Zea mays L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), differing in acquisition efficiency, were used to investigate whether Al oxide‐occluded and Fe oxide‐occluded phosphates can be acquired. Artificially prepared Al oxide‐occluded phosphate or Fe oxide‐occluded phosphate, respectively, was added to a subsoil low in available phosphates. It is shown that both plant species were not able to acquire P from Al oxide‐occluded phosphate. Also, maize was incapable of using Fe oxide‐occluded phosphate. In contrast, white lupin took up significant amounts of P from Fe oxide‐occluded phosphate.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the strategy to form cluster roots together with their reducing power may allow white lupin to destabilize Fe oxides that occlude phosphates and to mine the soil for this additional phosphate fraction.
Wie kommen wir ins All? Oder: Aufzug zu den Sternen 2.0
Authors: Waletzko Michael
Published: March 2020

Der Transport ins All an einem Seil ist auch im Jahr 2020 nicht in Sicht. Besteht überhaupt noch Interesse an einem solchen Weltraumaufzug zu einer geostationären Raumstation? Es scheint so: Denn an einem derartigen Projekt arbeitet die Japanische Weltraumgesellschaft. Und die gibt sich optimistisch.
Overview of quantitative susceptibility mapping using deep learning: Current status, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Jung Woojin , Bollmann Steffen , Lee Jongho
Published: March 2020

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has gained broad interest in the field by extracting bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility, predominantly determined by myelin, iron and calcium from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase measurements in vivo. Thereby, QSM can reveal pathological changes of these key components in a variety of diseases. QSM requires multiple processing steps such as phase unwrapping, background field removal and field‐to‐source inversion. Current state‐of‐the‐art techniques utilize iterative optimization procedures to solve the inversion and background field correction, which are computationally expensive and require a careful choice of regularization parameters. With the recent success of deep learning using convolutional neural networks for solving ill‐posed reconstruction problems, the QSM community also adapted these techniques and demonstrated that the QSM processing steps can be solved by efficient feed forward multiplications not requiring either iterative optimization or the choice of regularization parameters. Here, we review the current status of deep learning‐based approaches for processing QSM, highlighting limitations and potential pitfalls, and discuss the future directions the field may take to exploit the latest advances in deep learning for QSM.
Achromatic Deep Ultraviolet Lens Using Novel Optical Materials
Authors: Minami Yuki , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Kuroda Koki , Shinohara Keito , Lai Youwei , Yamanoi Kohei , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Shimizu Toshihiko , Ishii Ryota , Kawakami Yoichi , Kabasawa Nobuo , Amano Takashi , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kiyohara Motosuke
Published: March 2020

The development of an achromatic lens in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region is reported. The dispersion and Abbe numbers of lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (LiCaAlF6), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), and fused silica (SiO2) are investigated in the wavelength range from 200 to 300 nm to determine appropriate material combinations for minimizing chromatic aberration in a doublet. Based on the results of these investigations, a prototype DUV objective lens is fabricated using a LiCaAlF6 (convex lens)SiO2 (concave lens) doublet. The objective lens has a focal length of 10 mm, working distance of 2 mm, and numerical aperture (NA) of 0.2. The objective lens is evaluated to have a chromatic aberration of about 2.8% and resolution of at least 2 μm. It is also evaluated to have a smaller spherical aberration compared with a reflective objective lens with a similar NA.
A Memristive Model for Graphene Emitters: Hysteresis and Self‐Crossing
Authors: Gorodetskiy Dmitriy V. , Shevchenko Sergey N. , Gusel'nikov Artem V. , Okotrub Aleksandr V.
Published: March 2020

Hysteresis exhibited by current–voltage characteristics during field‐emission experiments is often considered undesirable in terms of practical applications. However, this is an appealing effect for the purposes of memristive devices. A two‐stage model to describe hysteretic characteristics is developed, with a particular focus on the system which includes a cathode made of a single‐layered graphene sheet on a substrate. In addition to hysteresis, the current–voltage curves also display an unusual self‐crossing behavior. The presented memristive model can be used for quantitative description of different hysteretic characteristics such as abrupt changes and self‐crossings and for understanding and modeling the processes associated with field emission from plane graphene emitters.
Investigating the fragmentation pathways of β‐naphthol pigments using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Sabatini Francesca , Degano Ilaria
Published: March 2020

Rationale

Today, β‐naphthol pigments are among the largest and most widely used classes of synthetic organic pigments. Their application fields range from textiles, food and beverages, printing inks, plastics to paint formulations. Most of the research dealing with their study using mass spectrometry focuses on developing sensitive methods for their quantification or their removal from industrial wastewater. Their qualitative recognition in formulations, whose composition is undisclosed by manufacturers, has not been tackled yet.

Methods

The collision‐induced dissociation fragmentation pathways of 10 red and orange widely used pigments of the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, belonging to the β‐naphthol and Naphthol AS classes, were characterized using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in negative‐ion mode.

Results

The fragmentation pathways of these pigments were determined, and the pigments are discussed in relation to their chemical structures. The results were used to determine the composition in terms of the secondary components of one of our reference commercial formulations, characterized by a complex mixture of synthesis by‐products.

Conclusions

By coupling the high sensitivity of high‐resolution mass spectrometry with an efficient chromatographic separation optimized for the analysis of β‐naphthol dyes and pigments, we provided a method for the qualitative recognition of this class of molecules in unknown formulations possibly used in different kinds of industrial and synthetic products.
Feeling Worlds: Affective Imaginaries and the Making of Democratic Literacy Classrooms
Authors: Nichols T. Philip , Coleman James Joshua
Published: March 2020

The authors examined how the spaces and structures of literacy classrooms were organized, inhabited, and felt by teachers and students in a new project‐based high school. The authors attended specifically to the political valence of these feelings: how educators characterized certain spatial arrangements (modular furniture and flexible seating) and curricular structures (asynchronous learning) as feeling democratic, in contrast to an authoritarianism that they associated with other instructional orders. The authors recognized that these descriptors, more than mere metaphors, were expressions of affective attachments that conditioned the classrooms that literacy educators worked to build—what the authors call affective imaginaries. These imaginaries, the authors argue, have material consequences both for how educators shape the world of the literacy classroom and for what practices are sanctioned, celebrated, and undermined therein. The authors drew from a three‐year immersive ethnography in an urban public school to explore how educators imagined and shaped democratic literacy classrooms, how students worked within and against these imaginaries, and how resulting frictions impacted literacy learning in these classroom‐worlds. Findings center on two interrelated tensions: (1) how infrastructures associated with democratic classrooms, at times, worked against other infrastructures on which students depended for literacy practice; and (2) how these incongruities led to new ways of surveilling students’ autonomy in their literacy learning. The authors conclude by considering how these findings might guide literacy educators not only in attending to the ostensive, normative, and performative dimensions of affective imaginaries in classrooms but also in opening alternate imaginaries, better attuned to the equitable flourishing of all students.
Extended BMS algebra of celestial CFT
Authors: Fotopoulos Angelos , Stieberger Stephan , Taylor Tomasz R. , Zhu Bin
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We elaborate on the proposal of flat holography in which four-dimensional physics is encoded in two-dimensional celestial conformal field theory (CCFT). The symmetry underlying CCFT is the extended BMS symmetry of (asymptotically) flat space­ time. We use soft and collinear theorems of Einstein-Yang-Mills theory to derive the OPEs of BMS field operators generating superrotations and supertranslations. The energy­ momentum tensor, given by a shadow transform of a soft graviton operator, implements superrotations in the Virasoro subalgebra of 𝔟𝔪𝔰4. Supertranslations can be obtained from a single translation generator along the light-cone direction by commuting it with the energy-momentum tensor. This operator also originates from a soft graviton and generates a flow of conformal dimensions. All supertranslations can be assembled into a single primary conformal field operator on celestial sphere.
Charged dilaton black hole with multiple Liouville potentials and gauge fields
Authors: Lim Yen-Kheng
Published: March 2020

Abstract

A solution to an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-type theory with M Liouville potentials and N gauge fields is presented, where M and N are arbitrary integers. This exact solution interpolates between the Lifshitz black hole and the topological dilaton black hole. The thermodynamic behaviour of the solution is found to be similar to that of the Lifshitz black hole, where a phase transition may occur for sufficiently small charge in the canonical ensemble, or sufficiently small potential in the grand canonical ensemble.
Computational analysis of particle-laden-airflow erosion and experimental verification
Authors: Castorrini Alessio , Venturini Paolo , Corsini Alessandro , Rispoli Franco , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E.
Published: March 2020

Computational analysis of particle-laden-airflow erosion can help engineers have a better understanding of the erosion process, maintenance and protection of turbomachinery components. We present an integrated method for this class of computational analysis. The main components of the method are the residual-based Variational Multiscale (VMS) method, a finite element particle-cloud tracking (PCT) method with ellipsoidal clouds, an erosion model based on two time scales, and the Solid-Extension Mesh Moving Technique (SEMMT). The turbulent-flow nature of the analysis is addressed with the VMS, the particle-cloud trajectories are calculated based on the time-averaged computed flow field and closure models defined for the turbulent dispersion of particles, and one-way dependence is assumed between the flow and particle dynamics. Because the target-geometry update due to the erosion has a very long time scale compared to the fluid–particle dynamics, the update takes place in a sequence of “evolution steps” representing the impact of the erosion. A scale-up factor, calculated based on the update threshold criterion, relates the erosions and particle counts in the evolution steps to those in the PCT computation. As the target geometry evolves, the mesh is updated with the SEMMT. We present a computation designed to match the sand-erosion experiment we conducted with an aluminum-alloy target. We show that, despite the problem complexities and model assumptions involved, we have a reasonably good agreement between the computed and experimental data.
A sequential homotopy method for mathematical programming problems
Authors: Potschka Andreas , Bock Hans Georg
Published: March 2020

We propose a sequential homotopy method for the solution of mathematical programming problems formulated in abstract Hilbert spaces under the Guignard constraint qualification. The method is equivalent to performing projected backward Euler timestepping on a projected gradient/antigradient flow of the augmented Lagrangian. The projected backward Euler equations can be interpreted as the necessary optimality conditions of a primal-dual proximal regularization of the original problem. The regularized problems are always feasible, satisfy a strong constraint qualification guaranteeing uniqueness of Lagrange multipliers, yield unique primal solutions provided that the stepsize is sufficiently small, and can be solved by a continuation in the stepsize. We show that equilibria of the projected gradient/antigradient flow and critical points of the optimization problem are identical, provide sufficient conditions for the existence of global flow solutions, and show that critical points with emanating descent curves cannot be asymptotically stable equilibria of the projected gradient/antigradient flow, practically eradicating convergence to saddle points and maxima. The sequential homotopy method can be used to globalize any locally convergent optimization method that can be used in a homotopy framework. We demonstrate its efficiency for a class of highly nonlinear and badly conditioned control constrained elliptic optimal control problems with a semismooth Newton approach for the regularized subproblems.
Thermodynamics of a Hierarchical Mixture of Cubes
Authors: Jansen Sabine
Published: March 2020

We investigate a toy model for phase transitions in mixtures of incompressible droplets. The model consists of non-overlapping hypercubes in $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

of sidelengths $$2^j$$

2
j

, $$j\in {\mathbb {N}}_0$$

j
∈

N
0

. Cubes belong to an admissible set $${\mathbb {B}}$$
B
such that if two cubes overlap, then one is contained in the other. Cubes of sidelength $$2^j$$

2
j

have activity $$z_j$$

z
j

and density $$\rho _j$$

ρ
j

. We prove explicit formulas for the pressure and entropy, prove a van-der-Waals type equation of state, and invert the density-activity relations. In addition we explore phase transitions for parameter-dependent activities $$z_j(\mu ) = \exp ( 2^{dj} \mu - E_j)$$

z
j

(
μ
)

=
exp

(

2

dj

μ
-

E
j

)

. We prove a sufficient criterion for absence of phase transition, show that constant energies $$E_j\equiv \lambda $$

E
j

≡
λ

lead to a continuous phase transition, and prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a first-order phase transition.
Pre-service Biology Teachers’ Responses to First-Hand Anomalous Data During Modelling Processes
Authors: Meister Sabine , Krell Moritz , Göhner Maximilian , Upmeier zu Belzen Annette
Published: March 2020

In this research project we investigate the role of responses to anomalous data during modelling processes. Modelling is seen as a comprehensive practice that encompasses various aspects of scientific thinking; hence, it is an important style of scientific thinking, especially if analysed from a process-based perspective. Therefore, it provides the opportunity to understand the role of anomalous data on scientific thinking from a broader perspective. We analysed how pre-service biology teachers (N = 11) reacted to self-generated anomalous data during modelling processes induced by investigating a water black box. The videotaped and transcribed modelling processes were analysed using qualitative content analysis. If anomalous data were recognised, a majority of explanations were based on methodical issues. This finding supports results from previous studies investigating responses to first-hand anomalous data. Furthermore, we found four response patterns to anomalous data during modelling processes:no recognition,no explanation,methodical explanation, andmodel-related explanation. Besides, our study indicates by trend a systematic relation between response patterns to anomalous data and modelling strategies. Consequently, the improvement of responses to anomalous data could be a promising way to foster modelling competencies. We are convinced that an integrated approach to anomalous data and modelling could lead to deeper insights into the role of data in scientific thinking processes.
Do Professionals Take Over? Professionalisation and Membership Influence in Civil Society Organisations
Authors: Heylen Frederik , Willems Evelien , Beyers Jan
Published: March 2020

While many scholars have postulated the decline of membership influence as an important consequence of the professionalisation of civil society organisations (CSOs), other analysts have argued that traditional membership-driven CSOs are resilient and that hiring professionals does not necessarily diminish membership influence. This study sheds light on this issue by analysing membership influence in a representative sample of approximately 2000 CSOs from  five European countries and the European level. As members generally have a strong influence on CSOs’ policy positions, our analysis demonstrates that the pessimistic tone in much contemporary scholarly work is largely unwarranted. On the contrary, hiring professionals does not invariably decrease membership influence and can, when members are closely engaged in advocacy work, even facilitate it.
Does marine planning enable progress towards adaptive governance in marine systems? Lessons from Scotland’s regional marine planning process
Authors: Greenhill L. , Stojanovic T.A. , Tett P.
Published: March 2020

This paper examines marine planning in Scotland and the extent to which it constrains or enables change towards adaptive governance. An in-depth case study of the partnership-based regional marine planning process is presented, based on interviews and documentary analysis. Drawing on adaptive governance theory, analysis focussed on key themes of: (1) local governance and integration across scales; (2) participation and collaboration; (3) learning, innovation and adaptability; and (4) self-organization. Results present regional marine planning as an interface between hierarchical and collaborative governance based on empowerment of regional actors and an attempt to enable coexistence of ‘top-down’ arrangements with experimentation at smaller scales. In this system, national government provides legal legitimacy, economic incentives and policy oversight, while the partnerships support collaboration and innovation at the regional level, based on strong leadership and participation. Contrasting experience of partnership-working is evident between the large and complex region of the Clyde and the island region of Shetland, where devolved powers and a more cohesive and community-based stakeholder group better facilitate adaptive governance. Overall findings of the study show the tensions of institutionalizing adaptive governance and provide insights into how marine planning contributes to governance of marine systems. Firstly, vertical integration between central and decentralized authority in multi-level marine planning arrangements is challenged by an unclear balance of power and accountability between national government and regional marine planning partnerships. Secondly, the interaction between marine planning and existing policy, planning and management emerged as critical, because marine plans may only operate as an instrument to ‘guide’ management and prevailing, limited adaptive capacity in broader management structures constrains adaptive outcomes. Lastly, adaptive governance requires incremental and rapid response to change, but limited financial and technical resources constrain the depth and scale of reflection and ability to act. Understanding the contribution of marine planning requires clarification of the interaction between marine planning and other management (the extent to which it can influence decision-making in other domains) and, in addressing governance deficiencies, attention is also required on the adaptive capacity of existing and emerging legislative frameworks which govern decision-making and management of activities at sea.
The Federal Constitutional Court Rules for a Bright Future of Constitutional Pluralism
Authors: Avbelj Matej
Published: March 2020

The ruling of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the Right to be forgotten II case is an example of constitutional pluralism in action. It demonstrates how a pluralist-minded court can elevate itself from and above the constitutional confines of its own legal order. By integrating the material standards of another legal order in its own review of constitutionality a national constitutional court contributes directly to the strengthening of the fundamental rights of individuals against the national authorities within the overall system of European legal order.
Routine screening and rates of metabolic syndrome in patients treated with clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lydon A. , Vallely J. , Tummon A. , Maher S. , Sabri S. , McLoughlin J. , Liew A. , McDonald C. , Hallahan B.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To examine the rate of monitoring of metabolic syndrome and actual rates of metabolic syndrome in two patient cohorts [clozapine treatment and long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic] who are reviewed on an equally regular basis (1–4 weekly) for administration of treatment.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory data are examined on 119 patients treated with clozapine and 116 patients treated with LAI antipsychotic medications to determine the rates of metabolic syndrome and evidence of monitoring for metabolic syndrome in the previous 6 months. Individuals with insufficient data from these cohorts were invited to attend for metabolic screening to determine actual rates of metabolic syndrome in these two cohorts of patients.

Results

All metabolic parameters were monitored to a significantly greater extent in the clozapine cohort (>90%), compared to those treated with LAI antipsychotic medications (<50%) (blood pressure, weight, lipid and glucose levels; p < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was present in 38.9% of those treated with clozapine compared to 31.1% of patients treated with LAI antipsychotic medications (X2 = 0.54, p = 0.46).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a robust screening plan should be in place to monitor for metabolic syndrome in individuals treated with LAI antipsychotic medications. This screening should include measurement of body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, lipids and fasting insulin levels. Early recognition of abnormal metabolic parameters allows early intervention, therefore, improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Respectable Citizens: Civic Militias, Local Patriotism, and Social Order in Late Habsburg Austria (1890‒1920)
Authors: Morelon Claire
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the role of urban civic militias (burgher corps) in Habsburg Austria from the end of the nineteenth century to the aftermath of World War I. Far from a remnant of the early modern past, by the turn of the twentieth century these militias were thriving local institutions. They fostered dynastic patriotism and participated in the growing promotion of shooting among the population in the lead-up to the conflict. But they also played a major role in upholding the bourgeois ideals of protection of social hierarchies and property. In the context of the rise of the workers' movement and social unrest, the militias saw themselves as bulwarks of social order and bastions of bourgeois virtue. They reflected an exclusive conception of armed citizenship opposed to the egalitarian notion of the citizen-soldier that survived into the twentieth century. The sensory experience of burgher corps parades during the patriotic or church celebrations was supposed to convey stability and express hierarchies in the urban space. This article also links the practices of armed civilians before the war to the paramilitary groups that emerged in 1918 and emphasizes the legacy of local conceptions of armed defense of property and of notions of “good” citizenship in the aftermath of the war.
Dietary patterns generated by the Treelet Transform and risk of stroke: a Danish cohort study
Authors: Frederiksen Signe B , Themsen Heidi H , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To relate empirically derived dietary patterns identified using the Treelet Transform (TT) to risk of stroke.

Design:

A prospective cohort study using the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Dietary information was obtained in 1993–1997 using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Incident stroke diagnoses, obtained from the Danish National Patient Register, were verified by record review. Dietary patterns were generated using TT, and participants were categorised into quintiles based on their adherence to each pattern. Sex-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated associations between dietary patterns and stroke.

Setting:

Denmark.

Participants:

55 061 men and women aged 50–64 years at the time of enrolment.

Results:

Three dietary patterns explaining 15·4 % of the total variance were identified: a Prudent pattern, a Western pattern and a Wine & Snacks pattern. During a follow-up time of 10 years, 1513 cases occurred. Comparing the highest to lowest quintiles of intake, adherence to a Prudent pattern was inversely associated with stroke (HRmen 0·74, 95 % CI 0·60, 0·91; HRwomen 0·82, 95 % CI 0·62, 1·08), while adherence to a Western pattern was associated with greater risk (HRmen 1·61, 95 % CI 1·23, 2·10; HRwomen 2·01, 95 % CI 1·48, 2·72). No association was found for a Wine & Snacks pattern for women, but a weak inverse association was found for men (HR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·99).

Conclusions:

The results of this study are broadly in line with current recommendations for a healthy diet to prevent stroke.