bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using physiology to better support wild bee conservation
Authors: Leroy Clementine , Brunet Jean-Luc , Henry Mickael , Alaux Cedric
Published: January 2023

There is accumulating evidence that wild bees are experiencing a decline in terms of species diversity, abundance or distribution, which leads to major concerns about the sustainability of both pollination services and intrinsic biodiversity. There is therefore an urgent need to better understand the drivers of their decline, as well as design conservation strategies. In this context, the current approach consists of linking observed occurrence and distribution data of species to environmental features. While useful, a highly complementary approach would be the use of new biological metrics that can link individual bee responses to environmental alteration with population-level responses, which could communicate the actual bee sensitivity to environmental changes and act as early warning signals of bee population decline or sustainability. We discuss here through several examples how the measurement of bee physiological traits or performance can play this role not only in better assessing the impact of anthropogenic pressures on bees, but also in guiding conservation practices with the help of the documentation of species’ physiological needs. Last but not least, because physiological changes generally occur well in advance of demographic changes, we argue that physiological traits can help in predicting and anticipating future population trends, which would represent a more proactive approach to conservation. In conclusion, we believe that future efforts to combine physiological, ecological and population-level knowledge will provide meaningful contributions to wild bee conservation-based research.
Is systematic formal crural repair mandatory at the time of magnetic sphincter augmentation implantation?
Authors: Bell Reginald
Published: January 2023

Laparoscopic placement of the LINX Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation (MSA) device has become an accepted alternative to fundoplication in appropriate patients. Initial studies of MSA targeted to patients with ‘early’ disease allowed for the most minimal dissection of the esophagus to place the device, without hiatal dissection or repair (NoHHR), in patients with no or minimal hernia findings at surgery. Subsequent studies have compared systematic formal hiatal dissection and repair (Formal HHR) with the original minimal dissection technique. Review of published literature on MSA includes discussion on treatment of hiatal hernia at the time of implantation, accompanying the review of the physiology of the crural diaphragm. Formal hiatal hernia repair at the time of MSA implantation results in better control of reflux with less dysphagia and risk of postoperative hernia than NoHHR, regardless of the presence or size of hiatal hernia. Systematic crural repair should accompany any MSA implantation regardless of the presence or size of hiatal hernia.
A nonparametric test for cooperation in discrete games
Authors: Aradillas-López Andrés , Kosenkova Lidia
Published: January 2023

We propose a nonparametric test for cooperative behaviour among players in discrete, static games. Assuming that certain exchangeability conditions hold if we match observable characteristics across all players, we obtain testable implications for cooperative (coalitional) behaviour, which we define as occurring when players maximise an unknown joint objective function that is symmetric conditional on the matching. Cooperation implies the existence of a class of outcomes $\mathcal {Y}$ such that, conditional on the matching, the probability of observing an outcome $y\in \mathcal {Y}$ must be equal to the probability of observing any permutation of y. We present a nonparametric econometric test and we characterise its asymptotic properties. We apply our test to expansion/entry decisions of Lowe’s and Home Depot in the contiguous United States and we find that, while outcomes are consistent with noncooperative behaviour in larger markets, we fail to reject cooperation in smaller markets.
Case report: diagnosis of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy using a multimodality imaging approach
Authors: Li Shannon X , Soles Estefania Oliveros , Sharma Parikshit S , Rao Anupama K
Published: January 2023

Background

In the USA, ∼300 000 people are affected by Chagas heart disease, a growing, but commonly overlooked, public health issue. Chagas as a potential aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy remains under-recognized. We present a case where multimodality imaging was essential in the diagnosis and management of Chagas heart disease.

Case summary

A 54-year-old man, originally from Mexico, presented to the emergency department with chest pain and recurrent syncopal episodes, found to be in haemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) requiring urgent cardioversion. Urgent coronary angiography revealed no obstructive disease. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed moderately reduced left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction 35–40%) with apical akinesis and an aneurysm of the apical septum. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed a prominent apical aneurysm with dyskinesis of the apical septum, with the evidence of transmural myocardial late gadolinium enhancement of the entire left ventricular apex and a small apical thrombus. Serologic testing was positive for Trypanosoma cruzi IgG antibody, which was confirmed on repeat testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Patient underwent VT ablation and was discharged on guideline-directed medical therapy including a regimen of anticoagulation, beta-blocker, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapies. He has had no subsequent syncope or VT.

Discussion

Chagas heart disease remains under-recognized and under-diagnosed despite the growing burden of T. cruzi infection in the USA. Suspicion for Chagas heart disease should be considered in patients presenting with heart failure symptoms and ventricular arrhythmias with the right corresponding history and imaging findings on echocardiogram and CMR.
Metal in motion: a case report of inferior vena cava filter migration
Authors: Aun Jonathan A , Hulten Edward A , Nguyen Binh T , Twerdahl Eric H
Published: January 2023

Background

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter migration, particularly to the heart, is a rare complication. Small metal fragments may be inadequately characterized on transthoracic echocardiography and may be missed entirely on chest radiograph. Managing the adverse outcomes of IVC filters is a formidable challenge as retrieval carries the risk of arrhythmia, right ventricular perforation, and damage to the tricuspid valve.

Case summary

A woman in her fifties underwent routine computed tomography (CT) calcium score screening and was found to have a metallic fragment in the right ventricle of her heart. Subsequent contrast enhanced, ECG-gated cardiac CTA was completed and images were reconstructed to yield cine images on syngo.via (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and vitrea workstation (version: 6.6.3; Vital, Toshiba Medical Systems) to guide heart team discussion and clinical management.

Discussion

Our case illustrates the benefit of CTA with cineography in characterizing the location, size, and extent of fragment involvement within the myocardium. Moreover, this case serves as a reminder to medical professionals to carefully consider IVC filter placement in the appropriate patient, remain vigilant regarding potential complications, and to aspire follow-up of removable filters.
Case report of rare highly aggressive cardiac tumour: the intimal sarcoma
Authors: Yafasova Adelina , Møller Jacob E , Smerup Morten H , Dahl Jordi S , Fosbøl Emil L
Published: January 2023

Background

Primary cardiac tumours are rare, and diagnosis may be difficult, as symptoms and cardiac imaging may mimic other cardiac diseases. The intimal sarcoma is the least commonly reported cardiac tumour with only few cases reported worldwide. In this case report, we present a case of an intimal sarcoma with a highly aggressive disease course.

Case summary

A 60-year-old male with a history of prior aortoplasty due to congenital aortic stenosis, mechanical aortic valve replacement, and aortic stenting due to aortic dilatation presented with night sweats, malaise, and dyspnoea. Initial imaging (including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography and emergency computed tomography) revealed masses suspected to be thrombi in the left atrium and ventricle. However, a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan revealed that the masses were suspicious for malignancy. The patient underwent non-radical tumour resection and insertion of biological valve prostheses. Subsequent tissue analysis and pathology assessment revealed an intimal sarcoma. There were no curative treatment options, and the patient succumbed to his illness <3 months after surgery.

Discussion

This case report presents a case of a highly aggressive intimal sarcoma. As complete tumour resection is of great importance when it comes to life expectancy in cardiac sarcomas, early diagnosis using non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities is essential to start early treatment and to improve outcomes in this patient group.
Minimizing drug-drug interactions between dabigatran and levetiracetam through clinical management: a case report
Authors: Menichelli Danilo , Pastori Daniele , Pignatelli Pasquale , Pani Arianna
Published: January 2023

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are useful for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, the concomitant administration of Levetiracetam limited their use in clinical practice, although some authors raise doubts about clinical relevance of the interaction.

Case summary

We report a case of a 54-year-old male with AF, cirrhosis, and seizures, in which the assessment of Dabigatran plasma concentration was needed due to the concomitant use of Levetiracetam. In this case, no relevant reduction of trough Dabigatran plasma concentration was found. An increased peak serum level of dabigatran may be obtained delaying levetiracetam administration. The patient was then followed in our clinic and during 32 months of follow-up no ischaemic or haemorrhagic events occurred.

Discussion

The evaluation of DOACs concentration could be helpful to start a tailored therapy in frailty patients.
Demand- Versus Supply-Side Climate Policies with a Carbon Dioxide Ceiling
Authors: Eichner Thomas , Kollenbach Gilbert , Schopf Mark
Published: January 2023

In a Hotelling model with a climate coalition and a free-riding fringe, we compare demand-side and supply-side climate policies aimed at keeping CO$_2$ concentration below a ceiling equivalent to global warming of $2^\circ{\rm C}$. With the demand-side policy, the coalition caps its fuel demand. The corresponding allocation is intra-temporally distorted. With the supply-side policy, the coalition purchases deposits. The corresponding allocation is inter-temporally distorted and the fuel extraction path can be discontinuous. In an empirically calibrated economy, a medium-sized (the grand) coalition is stable with the demand-side (supply-side) policy. If the coalition acts strategically, the stable grand coalition implements first best.
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency identification marking in wedge resection for fluoroscopically invisible small lung lesions
Authors: Yutaka Yojiro , Sato Toshihiko , Hidaka Yu , Kato Takao , Kayawake Hidenao , Tanaka Satona , Yamada Yoshito , Ohsumi Akihiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Hamaji Masatsugu , Menju Toshi , Date Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES

We developed a novel wireless localization technique after electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency identification marker placement for fluoroscopically invisible small lung lesions. We conducted an observational study to investigate the feasibility of this technique and retrospectively compared 2 marking approaches with or without cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS

Consecutive patients from January 2021 to March 2022 in our institution were enrolled. Markers were placed central to the lesions either in a bronchoscopic suite under intravenous anaesthesia or a hybrid operation theatre with CBCT under general anaesthesia. The efficacy of the 2 marking methods was compared using an inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted analysis.

RESULTS

Totally 80 markers were placed (45 under CBCT and 35 under fluoroscopy) for 74 patients with 80 lesions [mean size: 6.9 mm (interquartile range: 5.1–8.4) at a median depth from the pleura of 14.0 mm (interquartile range: 8.5–19.5)]. The median distance from marker to lesion was 9.1 mm, with a pleural depth of 15.5 mm. The tumour resection rate was 97.5% (78/80) with the median surgical margin of 10.0 mm (interquartile range: 8.0–11.0). Although the bronchoscopy time was longer using CBCT because of the need for 2.8 scans per lesion, the distance from the marker to the lesion was shorter for marking using CBCT than marking using fluoroscopy (adjusted difference: −4.56, 95% confidence interval: −6.51 to −2.61, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency identification marking provided a high tumour resection rate with sufficient surgical margins.
Relationship of family function and pre-hospital delay among Chinese patients with recurrent ischaemic stroke and the mediation effect of stigma
Authors: Liu Qun-Hong , Tan Ju-Xiang , Hu Cai-Xia , Zhang Xiao-Pei , Liu Shu-Ying , Wan Li-Hong
Published: January 2023

Aims

Pre-hospital delay refers to the time span from the onset of symptoms to arrival at a hospital ≥ 3 h and is the main limitation of stroke reperfusion therapies. Family factors and stroke-related stigma may influence pre-hospital delay. However, few studies have confirmed the influence of stigma on pre-hospital delay or explored the relationships between family function, stigma, and pre-hospital delay among patients with recurrent stroke. This study aimed to explore the relationship between family function and pre-hospital delay among patients with recurrent stroke and examine the mediation role of stigma in this relationship.

Methods and results

A cross-sectional study was performed at the neurology departments of two hospitals in Guangzhou, China between July 2021 and April 2022. A total of 115 patients with recurrent stroke completed questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Data were collected using the Short Form Family Assessment Device, the Stroke Stigma Scale, and the Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire. Spearman’s correlation and a structural equation model were used for data analysis. Family function directly influenced pre-hospital delay [β=0.27, P = 0.033, 95%CI = (0.02–0.51)] and indirectly influenced pre-hospital delay [β=0.17, P = 0.038, 95%CI = (0.02–0.34)] through stigma. Moreover, stigma partially mediated the effect of family function on pre-hospital delay.

Conclusion

Family function and stigma directly and indirectly influenced pre-hospital delay among patients with recurrent stroke. Future health education and interventions need to focus on strengthening and improving emotional support from family members to improve family function and reduce stigma, thereby reducing pre-hospital delay among patients with recurrent stroke.
Home-based cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart failure and their caregivers: a mixed-methods analysis of the roll out an evidence-based programme in Scotland (SCOT:REACH-HF study)
Authors: Purcell Carrie , Purvis Anthony , Cleland John G F , Cowie Aynsley , Dalal Hasnain M , Ibbotson Tracy , Murphy Clare , Taylor Rod S
Published: January 2023

Aims

Alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are required to improve CR access and uptake. Rehabilitation EnAblement in CHronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) is a comprehensive home-based rehabilitation and self-management programme, facilitated by trained health professionals, for people with heart failure (HF) and their caregivers. REACH-HF was shown to be clinically effective and cost-effective in a multi-centre randomized trial. The SCOT:REACH-HF study assessed implementation of REACH-HF in routine clinical practice in NHS Scotland.

Methods and results

A mixed-method implementation study was conducted across six regional Health Boards. Of 136 people with HF and 56 caregivers recruited, 101 people with HF and 26 caregivers provided 4-month follow-up data, after participating in the 12-week programme. Compared with baseline, REACH-HF participation resulted in substantial gains in the primary outcome of health-related quality of life, as assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (mean difference: −9.8, 95% CI: −13.2 to −6.4, P < 0.001). Improvements were also seen in secondary outcomes (PROM-CR+; EQ-5D-5L; Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) domains of maintenance and symptom perception; Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care domains of symptom perception and management). Twenty qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 REACH-HF facilitators, five supporting clinicians, and four national stakeholders. Interviewees were largely positive about REACH-HF, considering it to have ‘filled a gap’ where centre-based CR was not an option. Key issues to support future roll-out were also identified.

Conclusion

Our findings support wider roll-out of REACH-HF as an alternative to centre-based models, to improve CR access and uptake for people with HF.
Optimal or standard control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure across risk factor categories in patients with chronic coronary syndromes
Authors: Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle , Elbez Yedid , Mesnier Jules , Ducrocq Gregory , Ford Ian , Tendera Michal , Ferrari Roberto , Tardif Jean-Claude , Fox Kim M , Steg Philippe Gabriel
Published: January 2023

Aims

Guidelines have lowered blood pressure (BP) targets to <130/80 mmHg. We examined the benefit of intensive control for each BP component, vs. the burden of other modifiable risk factors, in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS).

Methods and results

The CLARIFY registry (ISRCTN43070564) enrolled 32 703 patients with CCS, from 2009 to 2010, with a 5-year follow-up. Patients with either BP component below European guideline safety boundaries (120/70 mmHg) were excluded, leaving 19 167 patients (mean age: 63.8 ± 10.1 years, 78% men) in the present analysis. A multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed a gradual increase in cardiovascular risk (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when the number of uncontrolled risk factors (active smoking, no physical activity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL, and diabetes with glycated haemoglobin ≥7%) increased [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–1.52, 1.65 (1.40–1.94), and 2.47 (1.90–3.21) for 1, 2, and 3 or 4 uncontrolled risk factors, respectively, vs. 0], without significant interaction with BP. Although uncontrolled systolic (≥140 mmHg) and diastolic (≥90 mmHg) BP were both associated with higher risk than standard BP, standard BP was associated with higher risk than optimal control for only the diastolic component (adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.94–1.25 for systolic BP 130–139 vs. 120–129 mmHg and 1.43; 95% CI: 1.27–1.62 for diastolic BP 80–89 vs. 70–79 mmHg).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the optimal BP target in CCS may be ≤139/79 mmHg and that optimizing the burden of other risk factors should be prioritized over the further reduction of systolic BP.
Right ventricular epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate in long-QT syndrome patients at risk of sudden death
Authors: Pappone Carlo , Ciconte Giuseppe , Anastasia Luigi , Gaita Fiorenzo , Grant Edward , Micaglio Emanuele , Locati Emanuela T , Calovic Zarko , Vicedomini Gabriele , Santinelli Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

Aims

The long-QT syndrome (LQTS) represents a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The aim of this study was to assess the presence of an underlying electroanatomical arrhythmogenic substrate in high-risk LQTS patients.

Methods and results

The present study enrolled 11 consecutive LQTS patients who had experienced frequent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD discharges triggered by ventricular fibrillation (VF). We acquired electroanatomical biventricular maps of both endo and epicardial regions for all patients and analyzed electrograms sampled from several myocardial regions. Abnormal electrical activities were targeted and eliminated by the means of radiofrequency catheter ablation. VF episodes caused a median of four ICD discharges in eleven patients (6 male, 54.5%; mean age 44.0 ± 7.8 years, range 22–53) prior to our mapping and ablation procedures. The average QTc interval was 500.0 ± 30.2 ms. Endo-epicardial biventricular maps displayed abnormally fragmented, low-voltage (0.9 ± 0.2 mV) and prolonged electrograms (89.9 ± 24.1 ms) exclusively localized in the right ventricular epicardium. We found electrical abnormalities extending over a mean epicardial area of 15.7 ± 3.1 cm2. Catheter ablation of the abnormal epicardial area completely suppressed malignant arrhythmias over a mean 12 months of follow-up (median VF episodes before vs. after ablation, 4 vs. 0; P = 0.003). After the procedure, the QTc interval measured in a 12-lead ECG analysis shortened to a mean of 461.8 ± 23.6 ms (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

This study reveals that, among high-risk LQTS patients, regions localized in the epicardium of the right ventricle harbour structural electrophysiological abnormalities. Elimination of these abnormal electrical activities successfully prevented malignant ventricular arrhythmia recurrences.
Environmental chemicals and endogenous metabolites in bile of USA and Norway patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Grant Caroline W , Juran Brian D , Ali Ahmad H , Schlicht Erik M , Bianchi Jackie K , Hu Xin , Liang Yongliang , Jarrell Zachery , Liu Ken H , Go Young-Mi , Jones Dean P , Walker Douglas I , Miller Gary W , Folseraas Trine , Karlsen Tom H , LaRusso Nicholas F , Gores Gregory J , Athreya Arjun P , Lazaridis Konstantinos N
Published: January 2023

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a complex bile duct disorder. Its etiology is incompletely understood, but environmental chemicals likely contribute to risk. Patients with PSC have an altered bile metabolome, which may be influenced by environmental chemicals. This novel study utilized state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with bile samples to provide the first characterization of environmental chemicals and metabolomics (collectively, the exposome) in PSC patients located in the United States of America (USA) (n = 24) and Norway (n = 30). First, environmental chemical- and metabolome-wide association studies were conducted to assess geographic-based similarities and differences in the bile of PSC patients. Nine environmental chemicals (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.20) and 3143 metabolic features (FDR < 0.05) differed by site. Next, pathway analysis was performed to identify metabolomic pathways that were similarly and differentially enriched by the site. Fifteen pathways were differentially enriched (P < .05) in the categories of amino acid, glycan, carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin/cofactor metabolism. Finally, chemicals and pathways were integrated to derive exposure–effect correlation networks by site. These networks demonstrate the shared and differential chemical–metabolome associations by site and highlight important pathways that are likely relevant to PSC. The USA patients demonstrated higher environmental chemical bile content and increased associations between chemicals and metabolic pathways than those in Norway. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-118 and PCB-101 were identified as chemicals of interest for additional investigation in PSC given broad associations with metabolomic pathways in both the USA and Norway patients. Associated pathways include glycan degradation pathways, which play a key role in microbiome regulation and thus may be implicated in PSC pathophysiology.
Maternal anaemia and birth weight: a cross-sectional study from Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Xiong Jun , Zhou Wei , Huang Shaofang , Xu Kangxiang , Xu Yuqi , He Xiaoju
Published: January 2023

Background

Association between maternal haemoglobin (Hb) and low birth weight (LBW) remains a controversial topic, and data in China were sparse.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the association between maternal Hb and LBW among pregnant women in Jiangxi Province, China.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 1,029 participants were enrolled. Anaemia was classified according to World Health Organization’s definition of anaemia in pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between maternal Hb and LBW. Generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) were conducted to explore the exact shape of curve between them.

Results

The overall prevalence of anaemia was 58.2% in our study. A significantly higher risk of LBW was found in moderate anaemia subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–5.31) and severe anaemia subjects (OR = 63.86; 95% CI: 25.66–158.90) compared with maternal Hb concentration >100 g/L. The fully adjusted smooth curve fitting presented an L-shaped association between the maternal Hb and LBW, with a turning point at about 110 g/L. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between maternal Hb and LBW were detected in pregnant women with high education, long duration of gestation and multiple antenatal visits (all P for interaction <0.05).

Conclusions

Anaemia in delivering women was associated with an elevated risk of LBW and the risk increased with the severity of anaemia, especially among pregnant women with high education, long duration of gestation and multiple antenatal visits from Jiangxi Province, China.
Above- and below-ground microbiome in the annual developmental cycle of two olive tree varieties
Authors: Kakagianni Myrsini , Tsiknia Myrto , Feka Maria , Vasileiadis Sotirios , Leontidou Kleopatra , Kavroulakis Nektarios , Karamanoli Katerina , Karpouzas Dimitrios G , Ehaliotis Constantinos , Papadopoulou Kalliope K
Published: January 2023

The olive tree is a hallmark crop in the Mediterranean region. Its cultivation is characterized by an enormous variability in existing genotypes and geographical areas. As regards the associated microbial communities of the olive tree, despite progress, we still lack comprehensive knowledge in the description of these key determinants of plant health and productivity. Here, we determined the prokaryotic, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) microbiome in below- (rhizospheric soil, roots) and above-ground (phyllosphere and carposphere) plant compartments of two olive varieties ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’ grown in Southern and Northern Greece respectively, in five developmental stages along a full fruit-bearing season. Distinct microbial communities were supported in above- and below-ground plant parts; while the former tended to be similar between the two varieties/locations, the latter were location specific. In both varieties/locations, a seasonally stable root microbiome was observed over time; in contrast the plant microbiome in the other compartments were prone to changes over time, which may be related to seasonal environmental change and/or to plant developmental stage. We noted that olive roots exhibited an AMF-specific filtering effect (not observed for bacteria and general fungi) onto the rhizosphere AMF communities of the two olive varieties/locations/, leading to the assemblage of homogenous intraradical AMF communities. Finally, shared microbiome members between the two olive varieties/locations include bacterial and fungal taxa with putative functional attributes that may contribute to olive tree tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
Spatial Spillover Effects of Pine Sawtimber Stumpage Prices in the US South
Authors: Lamichhane Sabhyata , Mei Bin , Siry Jacek
Published: January 2023

Timberland returns have three main drivers: biological growth, timber price, and land value. Among three of these drivers, timber price is the most volatile. Therefore, modeling and predicting timber prices has been of great concern for timberland investors and other stakeholders. In this study, the spatial dependency and spillover effect of sawtimber prices were investigated across 11 southern states with three different spatial panel models. The findings revealed a strong positive spatial dependency in sawtimber prices across these states, and the observed spillover effect for significant independent variables was over 35% of the total effect. Similarly, pulpwood prices not only have positive impact on the sawtimber prices of a given state but also on its contiguous states. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sawtimber prices was positive and significant. These results would facilitate the valuation of timberland investments as well as predict future timber prices.

Study Implications: The sawtimber prices of one state positively affect the future sawtimber prices of neighboring states in addition to its own. Similarly, a shock in a given state also affects the sawtimber prices of its neighbors. Given the volatile nature of timber prices, gaining a better understanding of spatial integration of timber markets improves prediction of sawtimber price fluctuations and trends that ultimately help timberland investors to make effective decisions.
Some Assembly Required: Explaining Variations in Legislative Oversight over the Armed Forces
Authors: Auerswald David , Lagassé Philippe , Saideman Stephen M
Published: January 2023

Legislatures vary widely in how they affect democratic civil–military relations. In some countries, legislative oversight plays a critical role in guiding their defense establishment. In others, legislators are largely ignorant and happily so. In this article, we explain the sources of these variations in fifteen democratic states. After discussing the importance of the legislature's role in democratic civil–military relations, we clarify what we mean by oversight. We argue that variations in oversight are explained by the number and scope of legislative committees charged with military oversight and party politics within those committees. After reviewing alternative explanations, we present oversight patterns in fifteen democratic countries across the world. We then briefly examine Germany's Bundestag and Japan's Diet, as the comparison of these cases challenges most existing explanations of legislative oversight and serve as hard cases for our argument. We conclude with implications of legislative oversight for broader debates about civilian control of the military.
Integrative cytology and proteome alterations unravel the multitarget effect of a novel alkaloid antofine againstPenicillium italicum
Authors: Peng Xuan , Wan Chunpeng , Zhang Yajie , Chen Jinyin , Yang Zhicheng , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Chuying
Published: January 2023

Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold, which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry. Antofine, a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range of biological activities. However, whether it can inhibit P. italicum growth and the potential inhibitory mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanism of antofine against P. italicum using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), propidium iodide staining, and tandem mass tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis. Antofine was found to exhibit its preeminent antifungal activity against P. italicum with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.56 mg/L and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 6.25 mg/L. The challenge test revealed that antofine inhibited the development of citrus blue mold during a 6-d P. italicum-infected period. Antofine acted on its potential multitargets to inhibit P. italicum growth by synergistically activating oxidative stress through accumulating excess reactive oxygen species, impairing membrane integrity, inducing membrane lipid peroxidation, and disrupting mitochondrial function, thereby disrupting the membrane system and reducing cell viability. Moreover, antofine treatment downregulated most differentially expressed proteins involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in P. italicum mycelia, which may explain the mitochondrial decomposition observed by TEM and the declines in ATP levels as well as the activities of TCA-related enzymes. These results indicate that antofine treatment inhibited P. italicum growth by targeting the cell membrane and mitochondria.
Achieving robustness to temperature change of a NIR model for apple soluble solids content
Authors: Jiang Xiaogang , Yao Jinliang , Zhu Mingwang , Li Bin , Liu Yande , Ou Yang Aiguo
Published: January 2023

The temperature difference of fruit itself will affect its near infrared spectrum and the accuracy of its soluble solids content (SSC) prediction model. To eliminate the influence of apple temperature difference on the SSC model, a diffuse transmission dynamic online detection device was used to collect the spectral data of apples at different temperatures, and four methods were used to establish partial least squares correction models: global correction, orthogonal signal processing, generalized least squares weighting and external parameter orthogonal (EPO). The results show that the temperature has a strong influence on the diffuse transmission spectrum of apples. The 20 ºC model can get a satisfactory prediction result when the temperature is constant, and there will be great errors when detecting samples at other temperatures. The effect of temperature must be corrected to establish a more general model. These methods all improve the accuracy of the model, with the EPO method giving the best results; the prediction set correlation coefficient is 0.947, the root mean square error of prediction is 0.489%, and the prediction bias is 0.009%. The research results are of great significance to the practical application of SSC prediction of fruits in sorting workshops or orchards.
Non-destructive detection of tea stalk and insect foreign bodies based on THz-TDS combination of electromagnetic vibration feeder
Authors: Sun Xudong , Xu Chao , Luo Chagen , Xie Dongfu , Fu Wei , Gong Zhiyuan , Wang Xinpeng
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives

Current technology of X-ray imaging can recognize hard foreign materials (FMs) such as metal and high-density plastic. However, low-density foreign bodies are still a challenge for food quality and safety assessment.

Materials and methods

An electromagnetic vibration feeder aided by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and imaging was investigated for non-destructively detecting tea stalk and insect FMs mixed with tea leaves.

Results

THz time-domain signals were employed directly to develop the K-nearest neighbor model with a precision of 100%, accuracy of 95.6% and recall of 98.7% in predicting the unknown samples. High contrast THz-TDS images were obtained by the separation method for the samples using electromagnetic vibration feeder. The characteristic parameters of the ratio of maximum length (L) to maximum width (W) and hue extracted from THz-TDS images indicated significant difference between tea leaves and FMs.

Conclusions

The results suggested that electromagnetic vibration feeder combination with THz-TDS was feasible for detecting FMs in finishing tea products.
The gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) genome
Authors: Zuccolo Andrea , Mfarrej Sara , Celii Mirko , Mussurova Saule , Rivera Luis F , Llaca Victor , Mohammed Nahed , Pain Arnab , Alrefaei Abdulmajeed Fahad , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Wing Rod A
Published: January 2023

High-quality genome assemblies are characterized by high-sequence contiguity, completeness, and a low error rate, thus providing the basis for a wide array of studies focusing on natural species ecology, conservation, evolution, and population genomics. To provide this valuable resource for conservation projects and comparative genomics studies on gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), we sequenced and assembled the genome of this species using third-generation sequencing strategies and optical maps. Here, we describe a highly contiguous and complete genome assembly comprising 20 scaffolds and 13 contigs with a total size of 1.193 Gbp, including 8,064 complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs) of the total 8,338 BUSCO groups present in the library aves_odb10. Of these BUSCO genes, 96.7% were complete, 96.1% were present as a single copy, and 0.6% were duplicated. Furthermore, 0.8% of BUSCO genes were fragmented and 2.5% (210) were missing. A de novo search for transposable elements (TEs) identified 5,716 TEs that masked 7.61% of the F. rusticolus genome assembly when combined with publicly available TE collections. Long interspersed nuclear elements, in particular, the element Chicken-repeat 1 (CR1), were the most abundant TEs in the F. rusticolus genome. A de novo first-pass gene annotation was performed using 293,349 PacBio Iso-Seq transcripts and 496,195 transcripts derived from the assembly of 42,429,525 Illumina PE RNA-seq reads. In all, 19,602 putative genes, of which 59.31% were functionally characterized and associated with Gene Ontology terms, were annotated. A comparison of the gyrfalcon genome assembly with the publicly available assemblies of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and hummingbird (Calypte anna) revealed several genome rearrangements. In particular, nine putative chromosome fusions were identified in the gyrfalcon genome assembly compared with those in the G. gallus genome assembly. This genome assembly, its annotation for TEs and genes, and the comparative analyses presented, complement and strength the base of high-quality genome assemblies and associated resources available for comparative studies focusing on the evolution, ecology, and conservation of Aves.
A toolkit for converting Gal4 into LexA and Flippase transgenes in Drosophila
Authors: Karuparti Sasidhar , Yeung Ann T , Wang Bei , Guicardi Pedro F , Han Chun
Published: January 2023

Drosophila has been a powerful model system for biological studies due to the wide range of genetic tools established for it. Among these tools, Gal4 is the most abundant, offering unparalleled tissue and developmental stage specificity for gene manipulation. In comparison, other genetic reagents are far fewer in choices. Here we present a genetic toolkit for converting Gal4 strains into LexA and Flippase transgenes through simple genetic crosses and fluorescence screening. We demonstrate the proof-of-principle by converting ten Gal4 lines that exhibit diverse tissue specificities and examined the activity patterns of the converted LexA and Flippase lines. Gal4-to-LexA and Flp conversion is fast and convenient and should greatly expand the choices of LexA and Flp for binary expression and FRT-based mosaic analysis, respectively, in Drosophila.
TargetingKRAS G12Cmutations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Ming-He , Wu Ai-Wen
Published: January 2023

With the advent of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue G12C (KRAS G12C) inhibitors, RAS is no longer considered undruggable. For the suppression of RAS, new therapeutic approaches have been suggested. However, current clinical studies have indicated therapeutic resistance after short-lived tumour suppression. According to preclinical studies, this might be associated with acquired genetic alterations, reactivation of downstream pathways, and stimulation for upstream signalling. In this review, we aimed to summarize current approaches for combination therapy to alleviate resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors in colorectal cancer with a focus on the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. We also analysed the relationship between various mechanisms and therapeutic resistance.
Mycoparasites, Gut Dwellers, and Saprotrophs: Phylogenomic Reconstructions and Comparative Analyses of Kickxellomycotina Fungi
Authors: Reynolds Nicole K , Stajich Jason E , Benny Gerald L , Barry Kerrie , Mondo Stephen , LaButti Kurt , Lipzen Anna , Daum Chris , Grigoriev Igor V , Ho Hsiao-Man , Crous Pedro W , Spatafora Joseph W , Smith Matthew E
Published: January 2023

Improved sequencing technologies have profoundly altered global views of fungal diversity and evolution. High-throughput sequencing methods are critical for studying fungi due to the cryptic, symbiotic nature of many species, particularly those that are difficult to culture. However, the low coverage genome sequencing (LCGS) approach to phylogenomic inference has not been widely applied to fungi. Here we analyzed 171 Kickxellomycotina fungi using LCGS methods to obtain hundreds of marker genes for robust phylogenomic reconstruction. Additionally, we mined our LCGS data for a set of nine rDNA and protein coding genes to enable analyses across species for which no LCGS data were obtained. The main goals of this study were to: 1) evaluate the quality and utility of LCGS data for both phylogenetic reconstruction and functional annotation, 2) test relationships among clades of Kickxellomycotina, and 3) perform comparative functional analyses between clades to gain insight into putative trophic modes. In opposition to previous studies, our nine-gene analyses support two clades of arthropod gut dwelling species and suggest a possible single evolutionary event leading to this symbiotic lifestyle. Furthermore, we resolve the mycoparasitic Dimargaritales as the earliest diverging clade in the subphylum and find four major clades of Coemansia species. Finally, functional analyses illustrate clear variation in predicted carbohydrate active enzymes and secondary metabolites (SM) based on ecology, that is biotroph versus saprotroph. Saprotrophic Kickxellales broadly lack many known pectinase families compared with saprotrophic Mucoromycota and are depauperate for SM but have similar numbers of predicted chitinases as mycoparasitic.
Estimating linkage disequilibrium and selection from allele frequency trajectories
Authors: Li Yunxiao , Barton John P
Published: January 2023

Genetic sequences collected over time provide an exciting opportunity to study natural selection. In such studies, it is important to account for linkage disequilibrium to accurately measure selection and to distinguish between selection and other effects that can cause changes in allele frequencies, such as genetic hitchhiking or clonal interference. However, most high-throughput sequencing methods cannot directly measure linkage due to short-read lengths. Here we develop a simple method to estimate linkage disequilibrium from time-series allele frequencies. This reconstructed linkage information can then be combined with other inference methods to infer the fitness effects of individual mutations. Simulations show that our approach reliably outperforms inference that ignores linkage disequilibrium and, with sufficient sampling, performs similarly to inference using the true linkage information. We also introduce two regularization methods derived from random matrix theory that help to preserve its performance under limited sampling effects. Overall, our method enables the use of linkage-aware inference methods even for data sets where only allele frequency time series are available.
Association Between Pain and Sarcopenia Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Smith Lee , López Sánchez Guillermo F , Veronese Nicola , Soysal Pinar , Kostev Karel , Jacob Louis , Rahmati Masoud , Kujawska Agnieszka , Tully Mark A , Butler Laurie , Il Shin Jae , Koyanagi Ai
Published: January 2023

Background

Pain may increase the risk for sarcopenia, but existing literature is only from high-income countries, while the mediators of this association are largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between pain and sarcopenia using nationally representative samples of older adults from 6 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to identify potential mediators.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass and weak handgrip strength, while the presence and severity of pain in the last 30 days were self-reported. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. The control variables included age, sex, education, wealth, and chronic conditions, while affect, sleep/energy, disability, social participation, sedentary behavior, and mobility were considered potential mediators.

Results

Data on 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years were analyzed (mean [SD] age 72.6 [11.5] years; 55.0% females). Compared to no pain, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme pain were associated with 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.94), 1.43 (95%CI = 1.02–2.00), 1.92 (95%CI = 1.09–3.37), and 2.88 (95%CI = 1.10–7.54) times higher odds for sarcopenia, respectively. Disability (mediated percentage 18.0%), sedentary behavior (12.9%), and low mobility (56.1%) were significant mediators in the association between increasing levels of pain and sarcopenia.

Conclusions

Higher levels of pain were associated with higher odds for sarcopenia among adults aged ≥65 years in 6 LMICs. Disability, sedentary behavior, and mobility problems were identified as potential mediators. Targeting these factors in people with pain may decrease the future risk of sarcopenia onset, pending future longitudinal research.
Age Differences in Self-Continuity in Germany and the United States: The Role of Temporal Direction, Temporal Distance, and Demographics
Authors: Lu Yi , Gerstorf Denis , Löckenhoff Corinna E
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Previous research suggests that self-continuity is higher in older ages, especially for more distant intervals. This study extends prior work by examining age and temporal patterns of self-continuity in 2 adult life-span samples from Germany and the United States.

Methods

German data (n = 1,656, aged 18–93) were drawn from the German Socioeconomic Panel. U.S. data (n = 230, aged 18–87) were collected through a survey research firm. Preregistered multilevel analyses examined the roles of age, temporal direction (past/future), and temporal distance (1/5/10 years), and explored the role of demographic covariates.

Results

In both data sets, self-continuity was higher in older ages and decreased with distance from the present, especially for the past. Interaction effects among age, temporal distance, and temporal directions were complex and varied across samples. Self-continuity was higher among married and more educated German participants and more affluent U.S. participants, but age differences remained robust when including demographic covariates.

Discussion

Findings replicate prior evidence for age-related increments in self-continuity but suggest that patterns vary by temporal distance and direction and may be sensitive to contextual factors.