bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novice Teachers and Mentor Teachers: From a Traditional Model to a Holistic Mentoring Model in the Postmodern Era
Authors: Ben-Amram Miri , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: January 2024

Mentors support novice teachers in the critical stages of their learning, which has an effect on novice teachers’ ability to engage in teaching and to stay in the teaching profession for years. The mentor teacher also helps the novice teacher become well integrated and develop professionally. The current study aims to examine the factors that motivate mentor teachers to occupy this position, the guidance and support components of the role and their implementation in the mentoring process, and the frequency and planning of the encounters between mentor and novice teachers, in the context of the Israeli education system. Also examined are the attitudes of mentor teachers towards their role and their perceived ability to operate efficiently. The research population comprises 46 research participants who mentor novice teachers in high schools in Israel. Analysis of their attitudes shows that the factors that motivated them to serve as mentor teachers are related to a consciousness guided by a sense of personal mission and intrinsic motivation to promote novice teachers. Also, factors related to realizing their personal values and aims, such as realizing a vision, personal satisfaction, interest, and challenge, were found to be common. According to self-reported findings, mentor teachers were very helpful to novice teachers on issues such as class management, managing and planning teaching, evaluating students, and nurturing a professional identity. They also supported emotional aspects related to the teaching process, including their sense of efficacy and contact with the students. Mentor teachers felt a great deal of satisfaction with the mentoring process and would recommend this experience to other teachers to a high degree. Hence, a teacher who chooses the profession from a sense of a personal mission in the education system will also see their mentoring role as a mission for the sake of the next generation. Leaders in the education system are advised to develop a more holistic mentoring model that incorporates the traditional mentoring model yet guides us towards a mentoring process that is better adapted to the postmodern era, and is based on a long-term strategy for helping retain novice teachers within the education system.
An On-Demand Fault-Tolerant Routing Strategy for Secure Key Distribution Network
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Deng Haojiang , Li Yang
Published: January 2024

The point-to-point key distribution technology based on twinning semiconductor superlattice devices can provide high-speed secure symmetric keys, suitable for scenarios with high security requirements such as the one-time pad cipher. However, deploying these devices and scaling them in complex scenarios, such as many-to-many communication, poses challenges. To address this, an effective solution is to build a secure key distribution network for communication by selecting trusted relays and deploying such devices between them. The larger the network, the higher the likelihood of relay node failure or attack, which can impact key distribution efficiency and potentially result in communication key leakage. To deal with the above challenges, this paper proposes an on-demand fault-tolerant routing strategy based on the secure key distribution network to improve the fault tolerance of the network while ensuring scalability and availability. The strategy selects the path with better local key status through a fault-free on-demand path discovery mechanism. To improve the reliability of the communication key, we integrate an acknowledgment-based fault detection mechanism in the communication key distribution process to locate the fault, and then identified the cause of the fault based on the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory. The identified fault is then isolated through subsequent path discovery and the key status is transferred. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms OSPF, the adaptive stochastic routing and the multi-path communication scheme, achieving an average 20% higher packet delivery ratio and lower corrupted key ratio, thus highlighting its reliability. Additionally, the proposed solution exhibits a relatively low local key overhead, indicating its practical value.
An Optimization Design Method for Dual-Band and Wideband Patch Filtering Power Dividers
Authors: Du Zhitao , Wang Kaixu , Ruan Xuexuan , Sun Guanghua
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a new automatic design method based on continuous and binary optimization for dual-band and wideband filtering power dividers (FPDs). The designs utilize an optimization process to manipulate the multiple modes of a patch radiator. In this way, both dual-band and wideband operations can be achieved. Meanwhile, the filtering property is also taken into consideration during the optimization, which finally produces power dividers with filtering functions. The design process is highly automatic to minimize manual calculations and simulations. Finally, a dual-band filtering power divider whose center frequencies are 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz and a wideband filtering power divider operating from 3.7 GHz to 5.25 GHz are designed and fabricated for validation.
A Novel Single-Word Speech Recognition on Embedded Systems Using a Convolution Neuron Network with Improved Out-of-Distribution Detection
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Teo Tee Hui , Kok Chiang Liang , Koh Yit Yan
Published: January 2024

Advancements in AI have elevated speech recognition, with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) proving effective in processing spectrogram-transformed speech signals. CNNs, with lower parameters and higher accuracy compared to traditional models, are particularly efficient for deployment on storage-limited embedded devices. Artificial neural networks excel in predicting inputs within their expected output range but struggle with anomalies. This is usually harmful to a speech recognition system. In this paper, the neural network classifier for speech recognition is trained with a “negative branch” method, incorporating directional regularization with out-of-distribution training data, allowing it to maintain a high confidence score to the input within distribution while expressing a low confidence score to the anomaly input. It can enhance the performance of anomaly detection of the classifier, addressing issues like misclassifying the speech command that is out of the distribution. The result of the experiment suggests that the accuracy of the CNN model will not be affected by the regularization of the “negative branch”, and the performance of abnormal detection will be improved as the number of kernels of the convolutional layer increases.
Pairing-Free Certificate-Based Proxy Re-Encryption Plus Scheme for Secure Cloud Data Sharing
Authors: Yan Lu , Qin Haozhe , Yang Kexin , Xie Heye , Wang Xu An , Liu Shuanggen
Published: January 2024

The popularity of secure cloud data sharing is on the rise, but it also comes with significant concerns about privacy violations and data tampering. While existing Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) schemes effectively protect data in the cloud, challenges persist with certificate administration and key escrow. Moreover, the increasing number of users and prevalence of lightweight devices demand functional and cost-effective solutions. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel Pairing-free Certificate-Based Proxy Re-Encryption Plus scheme that leverages elliptic curve groups for improved effectiveness and performance. This scheme successfully resolves challenges related to certificate management and key escrow in traditional PRE schemes, while also introducing non-transferable and message-level fine-grained control characteristics. These enhancements bolster data security during sharing and minimize the risk of malicious information leakage. Our proposed scheme’s correctness, security, and effectiveness are rigorously verified and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the scheme achieves the chosen ciphertext security in the random oracle model. Compared to current PRE schemes, our approach offers greater advantages, lower computational overhead, and enhanced suitability for practical cloud computing applications.
Enhancing Model Agnostic Meta-Learning via Gradient Similarity Loss
Authors: Tak Jae-Ho , Hong Byung-Woo
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced significantly, now capable of performing tasks previously believed to be exclusive to skilled humans. However, AI models, in contrast to humans who can develop skills with relatively less data, often require substantial amounts of data to emulate human cognitive abilities in specific areas. In situations where adequate pre-training data is not available, meta-learning becomes a crucial method for enhancing generalization. The Model Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) algorithm, which employs second-order derivative calculations to fine-tune initial parameters for better starting points, plays a pivotal role in this area. However, the computational demand of this method can be challenging for modern models with a large number of parameters. The concept of the Approximate Hessian Effect is introduced in this context, examining the effectiveness of second-order derivatives in identifying initial parameters conducive to high generalization performance. The study suggests the use of cosine similarity and squared error (L2 loss) as a loss function within the Approximate Hessian Effect framework to modify gradient weights, aiming for more generalizable model parameters. Additionally, an algorithm that relies on first-order calculations is presented, designed to achieve performance levels comparable to MAML. This approach was tested and compared with traditional MAML methods using both the MiniImagenet dataset and a modified MNIST dataset. The results were analyzed to evaluate its efficiency. Compared to previous studies that achieved good performance using only the first derivative, this approach is more efficient because it does not require iterative loops to converge on additional loss functions. Additionally, there is potential for further performance enhancement through hyperparameter tuning.
Intelligent Robotics—A Systematic Review of Emerging Technologies and Trends
Authors: Licardo Josip Tomo , Domjan Mihael , Orehovački Tihomir
Published: January 2024

Intelligent robotics has the potential to revolutionize various industries by amplifying output, streamlining operations, and enriching customer interactions. This systematic literature review aims to analyze emerging technologies and trends in intelligent robotics, addressing key research questions, identifying challenges and opportunities, and proposing the best practices for responsible and beneficial integration into various sectors. Our research uncovers the significant improvements brought by intelligent robotics across industries such as manufacturing, logistics, tourism, agriculture, healthcare, and construction. The main results indicate the importance of focusing on human–robot collaboration, ethical considerations, sustainable practices, and addressing industry-specific challenges to harness the opportunities presented by intelligent robotics fully. The implications and future directions of intelligent robotics involve addressing both challenges and potential risks, maximizing benefits, and ensuring responsible implementation. The continuous improvement and refinement of existing technology will shape human life and industries, driving innovation and advancements in intelligent robotics.
Revisiting the Power Gains of a Loaded Two-Port: Is There a Missing Element?
Authors: Ghione Giovanni , Pirola Marco
Published: January 2024

In microwave electronics, the power gains of a linear two-port are customarily defined as the ratio of an output port and input port power, where such powers are intended either as operational or as available. Two input and two output powers are thus introduced, with four possible combinations of output/input power ratios, but only three are practically exploited, the well-known operational power gain, available power gain, and transducer power gain. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive review of gain definitions (including the less commonly exploited added-power gains) and finally consider the missing fourth element (defined as the ratio of the output available power and of the input operational power), derive a few mathematical properties of it, both in the general and in the unilateral case, and ultimately justify the reason why this fourth gain G4 which, following the suggestion of an anonymous reviewer, we will call apparent power gain, Gapp, has little interest in the optimization of the power transfer between the generator and the load. Nevertheless, the definition and analysis of Gapp, besides being formally useful to complete the gain family, may yield a deeper insight into the very nature of power transfer optimization in a loaded two-port.
Positioning Improvement with Multiple GPS Receivers Based on Shallow Asymmetric Neural Network
Authors: Chang Che-Cheng , Ooi Yee-Ming , Chen Yu-Chun , Lin Jhe-Wei
Published: January 2024

A positioning system in a specific space is for the purpose of determining the location of an object. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most popular and valuable development for classical navigation. However, it may not always be precise and available due to the effects of multi-path propagation and signal attenuation. Thus, we need some additional skills to keep its stability and accuracy or improve its performance. Based on the technique of neural networks, the positioning information from multiple GPS receivers is composed to obtain a better version which is more accurate and stable and thus can be applied to advanced applications. Particularly, the concepts of shallow and asymmetric neural networks are used in this work. Our design possesses fewer hidden layers via the former property and further reduces the connections of classical Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNNs) via the latter property. Hence, it takes very little time to realize the training and predicting procedures. Also, it will help promote several works in practice, such as the implementation of embedded systems. Finally, a practical test, called the vehicular road test, is utilized to guarantee the level of confidence in the improvement of our algorithm.
Design of Secure and Efficient Authentication Protocol for Edge Computing-Based Augmented Reality Environments
Authors: Kwon DeokKyu , Park Youngho
Published: January 2024

Augmented reality (AR) is a virtual technology that integrates virtual information and objects into real environments, offering unprecedented possibilities in such fields such as architecture, education, and healthcare. Real-time communication and security protocols are critical to the successful deployment of AR applications to ensure user immersion, prevent motion sickness, and address security problems. This paper proposes a secure user-to-user (U2U) and user-to-infrastructure (U2I) authentication protocol suitable for edge computing-based AR environments. We also employ extended Chebyshev chaotic maps and physical unclonable functions to ensure security and efficiency during the authentication process. The proposed protocol initiates session keys after U2I authentication when an AR user enters the edge node area, facilitating secure U2U authentication for sharing data with nearby users. We conduct comprehensive studies of the security robustness of the proposed protocol using formal and informal analyses, including “Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic”, “Real-Or-Random model”, the “Scyther tool” and informal security analyses. Furthermore, we measure the performance of cryptographic primitives using the “Multiprecision Integer and Rational Arithmetic Cryptographic Library” Cryptographic SDK. We perform a comparative analysis of security features and functionality, and we conduct a computational and communication cost analysis. The results reveal that the proposed protocol can provide security and efficiency for edge computing-based AR environments, presenting the methods for seamless and secure real-time AR data exchanges for U2I and U2U communications.
Evaluation of the Electronic Properties of Atomic Layer Deposition-Grown Ge-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Knura Rafał , Skibińska Katarzyna , Sahayaraj Sylvester , Marciszko-Wiąckowska Marianna , Gwizdak Jakub , Wojnicki Marek , Żabiński Piotr , Sapeta Grzegorz , Iwanek Sylwester , Socha Robert P.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the electronic properties of as-deposited ALD-grown Ge-doped zinc oxide thin films annealed at 523 K or 673 K. SEM, EDS, and ellipsometry measurements confirmed that the Ge-doped zinc oxide films with a thickness of around 100 nm and uniform composition were successfully obtained. GI-XRD measurements did not reveal phases other than the expected Wurtzite structure of the ZnO. The electronic properties, i.e., conductivity, charge carrier concentration, and mobility of the films, were evaluated using Hall effect measurements and explained based on corresponding XPS measurements. This work supports the theory that oxygen vacancies act as electron donors and contribute to the intrinsic n-type conductivity of ZnO. Also, it is shown that the effect of oxygen vacancies on the electronic properties of the material is stronger than the effect introduced by Ge doping.
Portable Intelligent Electromagnetic Flowmeter Controlled by Magnetic Induction Intensity
Authors: Cheng Binbin , Tong Minbo , Yan Qilong , Jin Bochuan , Liu Nengwu , Lu Jiarui
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we propose a portable intrinsically safe, intelligent electromagnetic flowmeter for the application of coal mines and provide a detailed description of its working principle. In terms of hardware circuit design, several important modules, including electromagnetic flow rate sensor, excitation circuit, core control circuit, signal conditioning circuit, and air traffic control detection circuit, were analyzed and designed in sequence. It adopts a high-performance, low-power MCU STM32407ZET6 and high-precision chips, ensuring measurement accuracy and reducing power consumption. The excitation method using low-frequency rectangular waves dynamically adjusts the sampling interval time, further prolonging the battery life. Finally, the performance of the electromagnetic flowmeter was measured, and the experimental data showed that the measured flow rate was basically linear with the output voltage. The relative indication error of the electromagnetic flowmeter was within 0.3%, and the repeatability fluctuated within the range of 0.03%. The flowmeter has good measurement accuracy, which is suitable for long-term use in coal mining environments.
Guest Editorial: Foreword to the Special Issue on Advanced Research and Applications of Deep Learning and Neural Network in Image Recognition
Authors: Dong Ganggang , Ye Yuanxin , Huang Zhongling
Published: January 2024

Over the last two decades, the realm of image recognition has undergone a remarkable transformation, characterized by an astonishing pace of advancement [...]
Slow Pyrolysis of De-Oiled Rapeseed Cake: Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters on the Yield and Characteristics of the Liquid Obtained
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhao Yuanjiang , Hu Changwei
Published: January 2024

Pyrolysis of biomass converts all components into liquid, gaseous, and solid products without the need for component separation. However, the composition of liquid products from lignocellulosic biomass is usually complex and difficult to upgrade. Slow pyrolysis of de-oiled rapeseed cake, an agricultural waste from the rapeseed pressing process, was carried out for liquid and solid fuel production. The maximum yield of bio-oil obtained was 51.6 wt.% under the optimized conditions. The HHV of the bio-oil, containing mainly acids, hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols, was 32.82 MJ·kg−1, similar to that of bio-diesel, to be promising in downstream upgrading because the fuel properties such as higher caloric value, limited moisture content, as well as neutral pH value, were close to commercial bio-diesel. The gaseous fraction mainly consisted of CO, C1, C2 hydrocarbons, H2, and CO2, and the corresponding LHV reached 7.63 MJ·Nm−3. The yield of bio-chars declined from 41.8 wt.% at 400 °C to 28.8 wt.% at 800 °C, whereas the corresponding HHV varied from 29.03 MJ·kg−1 to 30.14 MJ·kg−1, comparative to coal, indicating a promising candidate for solid fuels or functional carbon. The liquid product shows promise as feedstock for producing high-quality fuel.
Investigation and Analysis of Influential Parameters in Bottomhole Stick–Slip Calculation during Vertical Drilling Operations
Authors: Ejike Chinedu , Obuobi Immanuel Frimpong , Avinu Simon , Abid Khizar , Teodoriu Catalin
Published: January 2024

The critical factors that affect bottomhole stick–slip vibrations during vertical drilling operations are thoroughly investigated and analyzed in this research. Influential factors, such as rotation speed, weight on bit (WOB), bottom hole assembly (BHA) configuration, and formation properties, were studied in order to understand their part in the stick–slip phenomena. The analysis is based on a thorough review of previous research conducted on stick–slip drilling vibrations. A mathematical model was created that not only explains axial vibrations but also includes the torsional vibrations present in stick–slip occurrences, which helps with understanding the stick–slip phenomena better. This model can be used as an analytical tool to predict and evaluate the behavior of drilling systems under various operational circumstances. Furthermore, two drilling tests using a WellScan simulator were performed to validate the research findings and assess mitigation techniques’ viability. These test scenarios reflect the stick–slip vibration-producing situations, allowing us to test mitigation strategies. The finding of this study shows the effectiveness of two tactics for reducing stick–slip vibrations. First was the reduction of WOB, which successfully lowered the occurrence of stick–slip vibrations. The second was the increase in the rotation speed, which helped to control the stick–slip problem and increased the drilling speed. This study explains the complex dynamics of stick–slip vibrations during vertical drilling and offers practical, tried-and-true methods for reducing their adverse effects on drilling operations.
Analysis of the Impact of a Photovoltaic Farm on Selected Parameters of Power Quality in a Medium-Voltage Power Grid
Authors: Hołdyński Grzegorz , Skibko Zbigniew , Firlit Andrzej , Walendziuk Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Over the last few years, a dynamic increase in the installed capacity of distributed energy sources has been observed, with the largest share being photovoltaic sources. The power grid is a system of connected vessels, and changing the structure of electricity production has a specific impact on the operation of this network, which makes it necessary to study the impact of the sources on the power system. The current and projected increase in the number of connected installations will make the issues of interaction and cooperation of distributed sources with the network extremely important. The article presents an analysis of the impact of a photovoltaic farm on selected parameters of the quality of electricity supply. This analysis was made on the basis of simulation results in a computer program and measurement tests carried out on a real photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1.8 MW connected to the medium voltage power grid. The impact of the farm-generated power on the values of fundamental indicators of the quality of electricity supply, such as voltage deviations, voltage asymmetry factors, and voltage distortions factors, is presented. These relationships were determined based on the correlation and regression analysis of individual electrical quantities.
Average Model of Switched-Energy-Tank Battery Equalizer for Accelerated Performance Assessment
Authors: La Phuong-Ha , Nguyen Nguyen-Anh , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: January 2024

Assessing the performance of active balancing methods poses a significant challenge due to the time required to replicate the equalization of various balancing techniques under identical initial cell conditions. Conventional circuit simulation methods, designed for high-frequency switching behavior, impose a considerable computational burden when applied to the long-term equalization of battery cells. To address this challenge, this paper presents an efficient performance evaluation method employing an average equivalent model of the equalizers. By representing the charge transfer mechanism inherent to the equalization process, the proposed approach is compatible with the most widely used switched-energy-tank equalizers. The validity of this method is confirmed through simulation and experimental results. In the case of four series-connected battery cells, our proposed approach can assess the performance of a three-hour equalization process in just one minute of execution time. The use cases in the paper highlight the practical feasibility of the AM in facilitating performance comparisons of SET-Es under various initial conditions.
SOC-SOH Estimation and Balance Control Based on Event-Triggered Distributed Optimal Kalman Consensus Filter
Authors: Fang Xiaohan , Xu Moran , Fan Yuan
Published: January 2024

The inconsistency in state-of-charge (SOC) for electric vehicle batteries will cause component damage and lifespan reduction of batteries. Meanwhile, the consistency in the state-of-health (SOH) also negatively influences the consensus of SOC. To ensure the consensuses of SOC and SOH simultaneously, this paper introduces an innovative distributed optimal Kalman consensus filter (KCF) approach to battery management systems. In addition, at the stage where sensors transmit information to each other, a new event-triggering mechanism (ETM) based on dynamic information is proposed to reduce communication overhead effectively. Theoretical analysis verifies the optimality of the algorithm. By numerical simulations, the proposed event-triggered distributed optimal KCF (ET-DOKCF) method can improve the performance of SOC-SOH estimation and save communication resources.
Research on a Two-Layer Optimal Dispatching Method Considering the Mutual Aid of Peak Regulating Resources among Regional Power Grids
Authors: Yang Tianmeng , Lou Suhua , Zhang Meng , Li Yanchun , Feng Wei , Liu Jicheng
Published: January 2024

Since the power generation structures and load characteristics in each province in China are quite different, the distribution of peak regulating resources and demands are extremely imbalance. Restricted by a low power marketization degree, peak regulating resource shortages, and transmission channel blocks, the efficient utilization of new energy is facing greater pressures. In order to improve the mutual aid in regional power grids and to obtain more precise simulation results, this paper proposes a two-layer optimization dispatching model, considering the mutual aid of peak regulation resources between each province. It determines the optimal startup mode and the units’ power output in each province and obtains the power output arrangements for all the units and the technical and economic indicators. The model and the solution method are original and innovative. And it effectively solved the unequal distribution problem between the peak regulating demands and resources of each provincial power grid. Finally, taking an actual regional power grid in China as an example, the simulation results show that the proposed model can significantly improve the utilization rate of new energy, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and methods presented in this paper.
Comparative Study of the Extracellular Holocellulolytic Activity of Fusarium solani and Aspergillus sp. in Corn Stover
Authors: Alvarez-Navarrete Mariana , Alonso-Hurtado Katia L. , Flores-García Alberto , Altamirano-Hernández Josué , Martínez-Pacheco Mauro M. , Velázquez-Becerra Crisanto
Published: January 2024

Fungal holocellulases are interesting for their possible applications in the bioconversion of corn crop residues into molecules with technological significance. Holocellulase (xylanases and cellulases) production from Fusarium solani and Aspergillus sp. with corn stover as a carbon source was compared using a Box–Wilson design. The fungal holocellulase production was different in both fungi. For F. solani, the maximum endoxylanase and β-xylosidase activities were 14.15 U/mg and 0.75 U/mg at 84 h of fermentation on 350 g/L corn stover, while Aspergillus sp. was 5.90 U/mg and 0.03 U/mg, respectively, at 156 h and 1000 g/L corn stover. The production of holocellulases in both fungi was reduced with increasing carbon sources. The nitrogen source induced the holocellulases in Aspergillus sp., but not in F. solani. Interestingly, when verifying the optimal culture conditions, the production of endoxylanases by F. solani was higher when compared to the predicted value. With regard to the endoxylanase and β-xylosidase activities of Aspergillus sp., these were close to the predicted values. Based on the optimization model, F. solani and Aspergillus sp. produce an interesting holocellulolytic activity in a growth medium with corn stover as the only carbon source. The fermentation time and the amount of corn stover required to obtain maximum holocellulase production are possible advantages for Fusarium solani and Aspergillus sp., respectively.
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal: A Sustainable Alternative to Fish Meal Proven to Promote Growth and Immunity in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi)
Authors: Linh Nguyen Vu , Wannavijit Supreya , Tayyamath Khambou , Dinh-Hung Nguyen , Nititanarapee Thitikorn , Sumon Md Afsar Ahmed , Srinual Orranee , Permpoonpattana Patima , Doan Hien , Brown Christopher L.
Published: January 2024

Insect meal has shown promise as a potentially sustainable source of nutrients for aquafeeds, offering an alternative to expensive and ecologically undesirable ingredients, in the context of population explosion and climate change. Despite this promising outlook, its effects on fish growth and immune responses remain to be thoroughly investigated. Our scientific goal was to experimentally test responses to replacements of the fish meal with a protein source derived from black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM). Possible impacts on growth, immunological response, and the expression of selected immune-system related genes were evaluated in Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) using a biofloc culture system. Three hundred fish (20.0 ± 0.2 g) were allocated into five groups: a control group receiving a basal diet containing 0 g kg−1 BSFLM and four experimental groups in which fish meal was replaced with 50, 100, 150, and 200 g kg−1 BSFLM for eight weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding, there were no statistically significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate between fish fed BSFLM-enriched diets at 50, 100, 150 g kg−1 and a control (0 g kg−1 BSFLM) diet. However, fish fed 200 g kg−1 BSFLM showed significantly improved weight gain (WG) and SGR compared to the control after 4 weeks; this difference persisted through 8 weeks (p < 0.05). After eight weeks, there was a moderate to weak negative linear regression shown in FCR (r = 0.470) and SR (r = 0.384), respectively, with the BSFLM levels, but significant and highly correlated linear relationships were observed in WG (r = 0.917) and SGR (r = 0.912). Immunological response analysis showed slight changes in lysozyme and peroxidase levels by replacing fish meal with BSFLM, but these apparent differences were not significantly related to experimental diets. Interestingly, mRNA transcripts of immune-related genes (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL1, IL10, and hsp70) were upregulated in the groups receiving higher amounts of BSFLM, with statistically significant differences observed in certain comparisons. Our findings reveal that fish meal can be effectively replaced by BSFLM, and that this not only has a positive effect on immune-related gene expression in Koi carp, but also on growth rate, pointing to the future potential role of BSFLM as an alternative fish meal protein in aquafeed formulation.
Muscle Hypertrophy Is Linked to Changes in the Oxidative and Proteolytic Systems during Early Tenderization of the Spanish Breed “Asturiana de los Valles”
Authors: García-Macia Marina , Sierra Verónica , Santos-Ledo Adrián , de Luxán-Delgado Beatriz , Potes-Ochoa Yaiza , Rodríguez-González Susana , Oliván Mamen , Coto-Montes Ana
Published: January 2024

For fresh meat consumers, eating satisfaction is of utmost importance and tenderness is one of the most important characteristics in this regard. Our study examined beef of different animal biotypes of the autochthonous breed “Asturiana de los Valles” (AV) to determine if early postmortem oxidative and proteolytic processes may influence the final tenderness of the product. This meat-specialized breed shows different biotypes depending on the frequency of a myostatin mutation “mh” that induces double-muscling or muscular hypertrophy (mh/mh, mh/+, +/+). Samples from the longissimus dorsi muscles of yearling bulls were analyzed during the first 24 h postmortem. Changes in the redox balance of muscle cells were significant in the first hours after slaughter; total antioxidant activity was higher in the mh/mh biotype and it followed the shortening of the sarcomeres, a key parameter in understanding meat tenderness. The two proteolytic systems studied (proteasome and lysosome) followed distinct patterns. Proteasome activity was higher in the (mh/+) biotype, which correlated with higher protein damage. Lysosome proteolysis was increased in the more tender biotypes (mh genotypes). Autophagic activation showed significant differences between the biotypes, with (mh/mh) showing more intense basal autophagy at the beginning of the postmortem period that decreased gradually (p < 0.001), while in the normal biotype (+/+), it was slightly delayed and then increased progressively (p < 0.001). These results suggest that this type of catalytic process and antioxidant activity could contribute to the earlier disintegration of the myofibers, particularly in the mh/mh biotypes, and influence the conversion of muscle into meat.
Red Meat Heating Processes, Toxic Compounds Production and Nutritional Parameters Changes: What about Risk–Benefit?
Authors: Iammarino Marco , Marino Rosaria , Nardelli Valeria , Ingegno Mariateresa , Albenzio Marzia
Published: January 2024

The heating process is a crucial step that can lead to the formation of several harmful chemical compounds in red meat such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, N-Nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and acrylamide. Meat has high nutritional value, providing essential amino acids, bioactive compounds and several important micronutrients which can also be affected by heating processes. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the effects of different heating processes on both the safety and nutritional parameters of cooked red meat. The most-used heating processes practices were taken into consideration in order to develop a risk–benefit scenario for each type of heating process and red meat.
Asymptotic Growth of Sample Paths of Tempered Fractional Brownian Motions, with Statistical Applications to Vasicek-Type Models
Authors: Mishura Yuliya , Ralchenko Kostiantyn
Published: January 2024

Tempered fractional Brownian motion (TFBM) and tempered fractional Brownian motion of the second kind (TFBMII) modify the power-law kernel in the moving average representation of fractional Brownian motion by introducing exponential tempering. We construct least-square estimators for the unknown drift parameters within Vasicek models that are driven by these processes. To demonstrate their strong consistency, we establish asymptotic bounds with probability 1 for the rate of growth of trajectories of tempered fractional processes.
Fabrication and Characterization of Taro (Colocasia esculenta)-Mucilage-Based Nanohydrogel for Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh-Cut Apples
Authors: Tosif Mansuri M. , Bains Aarti , Sridhar Kandi , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen , Ali Nemat , Dikkala Praveen Kumar , Kumar Ankur , Chawla Prince , Sharma Minaxi
Published: January 2024

Taro mucilage is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and water-soluble edible viscous polysaccharide, which possesses diverse techno-functional properties including gelling and anti-microbial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of taro mucilage nanohydrogel for the shelf-life enhancement of fresh-cut apples. Taro mucilage was extracted using cold water extraction, and the yield of mucilage was found to be 2.95 ± 0.35% on a dry basis. Different concentrations of mucilage (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) were used to formulate the nanohydrogel. A smaller droplet size of 175.61 ± 0.92 nm was observed at 3% mucilage, with a zeta potential of −30.25 ± 0.94 mV. Moreover, FTIR data of nanohydrogel revealed the functional groups of various sugars, uronic acids, and proteins. Thermal analysis of nanohydrogel exhibited weight loss in three phases, and maximum weight loss occurred from 110.25 °C to 324.27 °C (65.16%). Nanohydrogel showed shear-thinning fluid or pseudo-plastic behavior. Coating treatment of nanohydrogel significantly reduced the weight loss of fresh-cut apples (8.72 ± 0.46%) as compared to the control sample (12.25 ± 0.78%) on the 10th day. In addition, minor changes were observed in the pH for both samples during the 10 days of storage. Titrable acidity of control fresh-cut apples measured 0.22 ± 0.05% on day 0, rising to 0.42 ± 0.03% on the 10th day, and for coated fresh-cut apples, it was observed to be 0.24 ± 0.07% on the 0th day and 0.36 ± 0.06% on 10th day, respectively. Furthermore, the total soluble solids (TSS) content of both control and coated fresh-cut apples measured on the 0th day was 11.85 ± 0.65% and 12.33 ± 0.92%, respectively. On the 10th day, these values were significantly increased (p < 0.05) to 16.38 ± 0.42% for the control and 14.26 ± 0.39% for the coated sliced apples, respectively. Nanohydrogel-coated fresh-cut apples retained antioxidant activity and vitamin C content as compared to the control sample. Taro mucilage nanohydrogel-based edible coating showed distinct anti-microbial activity against psychrotrophic, aerobic, and yeast molds. In summary, taro mucilage nanohydrogel can be used as a cost-effective natural coating material for the shelf-life enhancement or freshness maintenance of fresh-cut apples.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Size-Sorted Gelatin Hydrogel Microparticles Show Enhanced In Vitro Wound Healing Activities
Authors: Ozhava Derya , Bektas Cemile , Lee Kathleen , Jackson Anisha , Mao Yong
Published: January 2024

The demand for innovative therapeutic interventions to expedite wound healing, particularly in vulnerable populations such as aging and diabetic patients, has prompted the exploration of novel strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy emerges as a promising avenue for treating acute and chronic wounds. However, its clinical application faces persistent challenges, notably the low survivability and limited retention time of engraftment in wound environments. Addressing this, a strategy to sustain the viability and functionality of human MSCs (hMSCs) in a graft-able format has been identified as crucial for advanced wound care. Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) emerge as promising entities in the field of wound healing, showcasing versatile capabilities in delivering both cells and bioactive molecules/drugs. In this study, gelatin HMPs (GelMPs) were synthesized via an optimized mild processing method. GelMPs with distinct diameter sizes were sorted and characterized. The growth of hMSCs on GelMPs with various sizes was evaluated. The release of wound healing promoting factors from hMSCs cultured on different GelMPs were assessed using scratch wound assays and gene expression analysis. GelMPs with a size smaller than 100 microns supported better cell growth and cell migration compared to larger sizes (100 microns or 200 microns). While encapsulation of hMSCs in hydrogels has been a common route for delivering viable hMSCs, we hypothesized that hMSCs cultured on GelMPs are more robust than those encapsulated in hydrogels. To test this hypothesis, hMSCs were cultured on GelMPs or in the cross-linked methacrylated gelatin hydrogel (GelMA). Comparative analysis of growth and wound healing effects revealed that hMSCs cultured on GelMPs exhibited higher viability and released more wound healing activities in vitro. This observation highlights the potential of GelMPs, especially those with a size smaller than 100 microns, as a promising carrier for delivering hMSCs in wound healing applications, providing valuable insights for the optimization of advanced therapeutic strategies.
Comparison of Growth Performance, Carcass Properties, Fatty Acid Profile, and Genes Involved in Fat Metabolism in Nanyang and Landrace Pigs
Authors: Zhang Jinzhou , Meng Shuaitao , Wang Heming , Zhang Chuankuan , Sun Zhe , Huang Luyao , Miao Zhiguo
Published: January 2024

This study compared the growth, carcass properties, fatty acid profile, lipid-producing enzyme activity, and expression pattern of genes involved in fat metabolism in Nanyang and Landrace pigs. In the study, 32 Nanyang (22.16 ± 0.59 kg) and 32 Landrace barrows (21.37 ± 0.57 kg) were selected and divided into two groups, each with eight pens and four pigs per pen. The trial period lasted 90 days. The findings showed that the Nanyang pigs had lower average daily weight gain and lean percentage and higher average backfat thickness and lipogenic enzyme activities, including for acetyl-CoA carboxylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and fatty acid synthase, than the Landrace pigs. A total of 14 long-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC-MS, in which it was found that the levels of C14:0, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9, C20:4n-6, and MUFA were up-regulated and C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, PUFA n6, n3/n6, and total PUFA were down-regulated in the Nanyang pigs. Moreover, the mRNA levels for genes involved in fat metabolism, ME1, FAS, and LPL, were higher and the expression of SREBP1 mRNA was lower in the Nanyang pigs. Our results suggest genetic differences between the pig breeds in terms of growth, carcass traits, lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid profile, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat tissue, which may provide a basis for high-quality pork production. Further studies are needed to investigate the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Afro-Latin@ Representation in Youth Literature: Affirming Afro-Latin@ Cultural Identity
Authors: Martin Ada Malcioln
Published: January 2024

Studies show that diverse representation in children’s literature can positively impact the self-perceptions of marginalized children. To promote feelings of self-worth, children must see their cultural identities authentically portrayed in a manner that does not promote stereotypes in stories that affirm and support their world experiences. This essay focuses specifically on Afro-Latin@ identity in the United States and the role Afro-Latin@ representation in children’s and young adult literature can play in shaping Afro-Latin@ feelings regarding race and cultural heritage, and in constructing and affirming self-identity and feelings of self-worth.
A Comparative Analysis of Emotional Regulation and Maladaptive Symptoms in Adolescents: Insights from Iran and Belgium
Authors: Vatandoost Shokoufeh , Baetens Imke , Erjaee Zeinab , Azadfar Zahra , Van Heel Martijn , Van Hove Lisa
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Emotional regulation is a critical determinant of adaptive functioning during adolescence, exerting a profound influence on psychological well-being. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between emotional regulation and maladaptive psychological symptoms, examining these dynamics through a cross-country comparison. (2) Methods: A total of 224 adolescents, aged 13 to 21 years, from both Iran and Belgium, participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. The study aimed to elucidate the relationship between emotional regulation and mental health functioning, assessing internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and self-injury. A demographic questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Inventory, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Self-Harm Inventory, were administered. Data analysis incorporated correlation assessments, multivariate analysis of variance, and structured equation modeling. (3) Results: The findings revealed a positive association between emotional dysregulation and psychological symptoms across the entire sample. Conversely, emotional suppression, more prevalent in Iran, showed no significant link with maladaptive symptoms but was associated with self-harm in the Belgian sample. Cultural disparities were evident, with internalizing problems more prevalent in Iran and externalizing issues more common in Belgium. (4) Conclusions: Emotional dysregulation emerged as a common factor compromising mental health. It emphasizes the necessity of considering cultural nuances when developing interventional and preventative programs and calls for further research in this field.
Attitudes and Behaviors towards Food and Weight in Late Pregnancy: A Comparative Approach between Individuals with and without Previous Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Caredda Chloé , St-Laurent Audrey , Gagnon Marianne , Harrison Stéphanie , Bernier Emilie , Gagnon Geneviève , Plante Anne-Sophie , Lemieux Simone , Bégin Catherine , Marceau Simon , Biertho Laurent D. , Tchernof André , Provencher Véronique , Drapeau Vicky , Michaud Andréanne , Morisset Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2024

The aims of this study were to compare, between pregnant individuals with and without bariatric surgery: (1) eating behaviors, (2) intuitive eating components and, (3) attitudes towards weight gain. This retrospective study included data collected in healthy pregnant individuals with and without previous bariatric surgery who were recruited at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval. Pregnant individuals who underwent bariatric surgery (biliopancreatic bypass with duodenal switch [n = 14] or sleeve gastrectomy [n = 5]) were individually matched, for age (±0.4 years) and body mass index (BMI) (±0.3 kg/m2), with pregnant individuals who have not received bariatric surgery. In the second trimester, participants completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2). In the third trimester, participants completed the French version of the Pregnancy Weight Gain Attitude Scale assessing attitudes towards weight gain. Pregnant individuals who have had bariatric surgery had a higher score for flexible restraint and a lower score for situational susceptibility to disinhibition compared to individuals who have not had undergone bariatric surgery (2.89 ± 1.15 vs. 1.95 ± 1.31; p = 0.04 and 1.11 ± 1.29 vs. 2.79 ± 1.44, respectively; p < 0.001). Regarding intuitive eating, pregnant individuals who experienced bariatric surgery had a higher score for reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues and a lower one for unconditional permission to eat compared with those who had not experienced bariatric surgery (3.99 ± 0.81 vs. 3.30 ± 1.03; p = 0.02 and 3.28 ± 0.54 vs. 3.61 ± 0.68, respectively; p = 0.03). No difference in attitudes towards weight gain was observed between groups. Overall, pregnant individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery had different eating behaviors and intuitive eating components compared to pregnant individuals without bariatric surgery. These results need to be confirmed in further studies with larger sample sizes.