bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uwagi o jarmułce
Authors: Stachowski Marek
Published: May 2013

Notes on Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’

Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
Stereotypy etniczne w różnych językach – narodowe? Międzynarodowe? Uniwersalne?
Authors: Tyrpa Anna
Published: May 2013

Ethnic stereotypes in different languages: national? international? universal?

The paper discusses ethnic stereotypes petrified in different languages and referring to other nations. According to some researchers, in the lexis and phraseology of a given language, certain units can be distinguished which are only limited to this language. The article collects several examples from which it comes to light that when wider material is considered (including the history of a language, dialects and jargons), some lexemes and phrasemes are found to be present not in one, but in many languages. Analysis of numerous ethnic stereotypes in different languages reveals that transnational semantic patterns exist which are realized independently of linguistic affinity, e.g. in Indo-European as well as in Finno-Ugric languages. These patterns (models) contain slots for specific ethnonyms; how they are filled depends on extra-linguistic factors: historical experience, geographical neighbourhood, mutual friendly or hostile relations. The existence of petrified references to other nations in each language appears to be a universal feature. Specific realization of general semantic models is only partially studied.
Profesor Teresa Orłoś – wybitna polska bohemistka
Authors: Labocha Janina
Published: May 2013

Professor Teresa Orłoś – an outstanding Polish bohemist

Professor Teresa Orłoś, an outstanding Polish bohemist, has authored numerous works on the history of the Czech language, and historical and contemporary lexicology and lexicography. Beside linguistic problems in Czech philology, she has strongly emphasized the need of study and the characteristic of mutual Czech-Polish and Polish-Czech contacts. She has demonstrated the Czech influence on mediaeval and 16th c. Polish, but also the importance of Polish for the Czech language when it was recovering in the 19th c. from a serious decline. Professor Orłoś passed away in 2009. The contemporary part of her research is mainly represented by her phraseological works and rich lexicographic activities, conducted together with the linguistic team she led.
Consumer Evaluations of Sale Prices: Role of the Subtraction Principle
Authors: Biswas Abhijit , Bhowmick Sandeep , Guha Abhijit , Grewal Dhruv
Published: May 2013

How exactly does the display location of a sale price relative to the original price affect consumers’ evaluations? Across multiple studies, including field studies with actual choices and studies with nonstudent samples, this article shows that consumer evaluations are a function of the display location of the sale price, but such evaluations are moderated by discount depth. First, presenting the smaller number to the right (vs. left) makes it easier to initiate the subtraction task, a phenomenon the authors refer to as the “subtraction principle.” Second, given that evaluating sale prices inherently involves a subtraction task, locating sale prices to the right (vs. left) of the original price facilitates calculation of discount depth, increasing evaluations for moderate discounts but not for low discounts. These effects are potentially reversed in cases of both very low discounts and exaggerated discounts. The findings in this article offer novel and nonintuitive insights into how sale price display locations and discount depth interact to influence numerical cognitions, processing of sale prices, and subsequent evaluations.
Phylogenetic distance and species richness interactively affect the productivity of bacterial communities
Authors: Venail Patrick A. , Vives Martha J.
Published: May 2013

Our understanding of how biodiversity influences ecosystem functioning is entering a new stage of its development through the incorporation of information about the evolutionary relatedness of species. Bacteria are prime providers of essential ecosystem services, representing an excellent model system to perform biodiversity–ecosystem function research. By using bacteria isolated from petroleum‐contaminated sites, we show that communities composed of poorly related species were more productive than those containing highly related species. The nature of the forces controlling this positive effect of phylogenetic diversity on community productivity depended on the number of species in culture. In communities of two species the positive effect of phylogenetic diversity on productivity was driven by changes in the selection effect. Communities of two distantly related species were dominated by the most productive species in monoculture, whereas communities of two closely related species were dominated by the less productive species in monoculture. In communities of four species the positive effect of phylogenetic diversity on productivity was driven by changes in the complementarity effect. In communities composed of four distantly related species the influence of positive interactions such as facilitation, cross‐feeding, and niche partitioning seemed to outweigh the influence of negative interactions such as interference. As a consequence the proportion of species favored by the presence of other species increased as they became less related. Multiple facets of biodiversity may influence ecosystem functioning. Here, we present evidence of an interaction between phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity on community productivity, underlining the importance of considering multiple aspects of biodiversity when studying its impact on ecosystem functioning.
Reconstructing historical habitat data with predictive models
Authors: Zweig Christa L. , Kitchens Wiley M.
Published: May 2013

Historical vegetation data are important to ecological studies, as many structuring processes operate at long time scales, from decades to centuries. Capturing the pattern of variability within a system (enough to declare a significant change from past to present) relies on correct assumptions about the temporal scale of the processes involved. Sufficient long‐term data are often lacking, and current techniques have their weaknesses. To address this concern, we constructed multistate and artificial neural network models (ANN) to provide fore‐ and hindcast vegetation communities considered critical foraging habitat for an endangered bird, the Florida Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). Multistate models were not able to hindcast due to our data not satisfying a detailed balance requirement for time reversibility in Markovian dynamics. Multistate models were useful for forecasting and providing environmental variables for the ANN. Results from our ANN hindcast closely mirrored the population collapse of the Snail Kite population using only environmental data to inform the model. The parallel between the two gives us confidence in the hindcasting results and their use in future demographic models.
Early Healing of Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Implants in Grafted Bone of Zoledronic Acid–Treated Osteoporotic Rabbits
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Li Peng , Hu Jing , Dong Wei , Liao Nan‐Nan , Qi Meng‐Chun , Li Jin‐Yuan
Published: May 2013

Background:Resorption of grafted bone and delayed osseointegration of implants are main problems associated with alveolar bone augmentation in dental implantology, especially for patients with osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the early healing response of implants to systemic treatment of zoledronic acid (ZA) in autogenous grafted iliac bone of osteoporotic rabbits.

Methods:Ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation was performed in 46 rabbits, and osteoporotic changes were verified in animals receiving OVX 3 months later. The remaining animals were divided into three groups (n = 12): sham, OVX, and OVX with ZA treatment (ZA group). Autogenous iliac bone grafting was performed in bilateral tibiae, and hydroxyapatite‐coated titanium implants were simultaneously placed into the grafted bone. The animals were sacrificed 2 and 8 weeks later for examination.

Results:At both time points, systemic treatment of ZA efficiently promoted bone healing of implants in grafted bone, and all histologic and microcomputed tomography bone indices, including mineralized bone volume, implant–bone contact ratio, connectivity density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, were significantly increased in the ZA group compared with the OVX‐only group (P<0.01); implant–bone contact rates in the ZA group were even restored to levels similar to those of sham‐operated animals (P>0.05). Furthermore, biomechanical testing demonstrated that removal torque of implants was significantly increased in the ZA group compared with the OVX group (P<0.01).

Conclusion:Systemic treatment with ZA could efficiently promote early bone healing of implants in autogenous grafted bone of osteoporotic rabbits by increasing early osseointegration and fixation of implants.
Quantitative Analysis of Interdental Gingiva in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 29C/T Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza , Hashemi Mohammad , Rigi‐Ladiz Mohammad Ayub
Published: May 2013

Background: The association of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms with level of tissue breakdown and periodontal disease progression is not clear. In this study, quantitative parameters of interdental papilla are investigated in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms.

Methods: Sixty gingiva samples were included. After determination of TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms using tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system/polymerase chain reaction (T‐ARMS‐PCR), 15 gingival tissue samples from patients with CP in each genotype (TT, TC, and CC) were considered as case groups. Fifteen control samples were also collected from healthy individuals. After tissue processing, interdental gingiva tissues were exhaustively sectioned into 4‐μm‐thick sections. Ten to 13 sections were sampled by systematic uniform random sampling and stained with Masson trichrome, and the volume density (Vv) of the gingival components was estimated using Cavalieri estimation.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found in Vv of epithelium, connective tissue, collagenous and non‐collagenous matrix, and blood vessels between control and CP groups (P <0.0001). There was a corresponding decrease in the collagenous matrix Vv in patients with the TT genotype compared with those with CT and CC genotypes. Collagenous matrix and blood vessel Vv values were statistically correlated with the number of T alleles (r = −0.74, r2 = 54.8%, P = 0.0001 and r = 0.84, r2 = 70.6%, P = 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion: This study shows that there is a strong association between TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms and quantitative parameters of interdental papilla in patients with CP.
Distinctive Tooth‐Extraction Socket Healing: Bisphosphonate Versus Parathyroid Hormone Therapy
Authors: Kuroshima Shinichiro , Mecano Rodan B. , Tanoue Ryuichiro , Koi Kiyono , Yamashita Junro
Published: May 2013

Background: Patients with osteoporosis who receive tooth extractions are typically on either oral bisphosphonate or parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy. Currently, the consequence of these therapies on hard‐ and soft‐tissue healing in the oral cavity is not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the therapeutic effect on tooth‐extraction wound healing between bisphosphonate and PTH therapies.

Methods: Maxillary second molars were extracted in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30), and either bisphosphonate (zoledronate [Zol]), PTH, or saline (vehicle control [VC]) was administered for 10 days (n = 10 per group). Hard‐tissue healing was evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analyses. Collagen, blood vessels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cathepsin K expression were assessed in soft tissue using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting.

Results: Both therapies significantly increased bone fill and suppressed vertical bone loss. However, considerably more devital bone was observed in the sockets of rats on Zol versus VC. Although Zol increased the numbers of blood vessels, the total blood vessel area in soft tissue was significantly smaller than in VC. PTH therapy increased osteoblastic bone formation and suppressed osteoclasts. PTH therapy promoted soft‐tissue maturation by suppressing inflammation and stimulating collagen deposition.

Conclusion: Zoledronate therapy deters whereas PTH therapy promotes hard‐ and soft‐tissue healing in the oral cavity, and both therapies prevent vertical bone loss.
The competitiveness of Slovak foreign trade in the European market
Authors: Pavlicková Viera
Published: May 2013

The paper deals with the competitiveness of the Slovak Republic in its
ability to succeed in foreign markets. It provides a complex view of Slovak
foreign trade within the European Union using a sectoral classification of
products. Several appropriate methods (Constant Market Share Analysis,
Revealed Comparative Advantage, Michaely Index, and unit export and import
values) are applied to quantify the competitiveness of Slovak foreign trade
and to identify the level and trend of its specialisation. The analysis uses
the data provided by the Eurostat Comext database for the period 1999-2011.
The results confirmed Slovakia as a former transition country to be a fast
developing open economy. Its production is competitive in the European
market, although mainly with prices. Labour- and capital-intensive
commodities, along with the automotive industry, dominate Slovak foreign
trade. Technology- and R&D-driven goods have a comparative disadvantage as a
consequence of several factors, such as lack of innovation and creativity in
the business sphere. A shift towards export of more sophisticated products
would be beneficial in supporting long-term sustainable development; however,
no significant change in Slovak commodity structure has occurred over the
past years.
Effects of the world economic crisis on exports in the CEEC: Focus on the Western Balkans
Authors: Bjelic Predrag , Jacimovic Danijela , Tasic Ivan
Published: May 2013

The world economic crisis that paralyzed the world economy in 2008 and 2009
had a profound impact on all countries in the world. Due to the
interconnectedness of national economies the crisis spread rapidly from its
centre in the United States to the world. There were two main transmission
channels for the spread of the crisis between countries - international trade
and the exchange of private capital between states in the form of foreign
direct investment (FDI). This economic downturn has greatly influenced the
domestic economic stability of the Western Balkan economies. The Western
Balkan countries have shaped their economic policy towards European Union
(EU) membership, resulting in a high degree of liberalization in
international economic relations accompanied by a commitment to free
international capital movement. Since this region has close economic ties
with the EU the crisis spread to the region very quickly, manifesting itself
in decreasing regional exports to the EU market and a downward trend of FDI
inflow to the region. This paper will focus on the impact of the world
economic crisis on the Western Balkan economies and especially on their
exports and FDI inflow. Our empirical analysis, based on panel data, uses a
wider sample of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) which includes
the Western Balkans, since we wanted to analyze if the effects of the
economic crisis in the Western Balkans are specific or are common to most
countries in transition. The analysis shows that Western Balkan exports have
suffered due to the crisis, but reveals some interesting results on the
different dynamics of export flows which depend on regional trade integration
for their destination.
Labour standards application in the informal economy of Ghana: The patterns and pressures
Authors: Akorsu Angela
Published: May 2013

In spite of the rapid growth and importance of informal employment in Ghana,
few studies have investigated the extent of coverage of labour standards
application, as a form of labour market regulation. This paper investigates
the extent of labour standards application in shaping the employment
relations and conditions within the informal economy. The study focuses on 30
manufacturing firms in Ghana?s informal economy. Data were obtained through
interviews with 43 entrepreneurs and their workers, as well as with key
informants from the social partners of industrial relations. The study shows
that labour standards are generally not applied among informal economy
operators due to factors such as a lack of coverage of the existing labour
legislation, ineffective enforcement, ignorance, peculiarities of work
organisation, and the dynamics of the apprenticeship system. It is therefore
concluded that informal economy workers, who constitute the majority of the
workforce in Ghana, lack social protection and must be targeted for
intervention.
Aluminium and calcium ions binding to pectin in sugar beet juice: Model of electrical double layer
Authors: Kuljanin Tatjana , Jevric Lidija , Curcic Biljana , Nicetin Milica , Filipovic Vladimir , Grbic Jasna
Published: May 2013

In sugar industry, there is a problem of the presence of undesirable
macromolecules such as pectins in sugar beet juice. Separation of these
compounds is done mostly by CaO. Calcium may cause undesirable process of
alkalization of soil in the near environment of the sugar factory. The
theoretical basis of new juice purificatin method based on the application of
Al2(SO4)3, CaSO4 and their mixtures are presented. Two model solutions of
pectin (0.1 % w/w) are investigated using a method of measuring zeta
potential. Pure salts Al2(SO4)3 and CaSO4, showed better binding properties
with the pectin than mixtures. Amount of all studied pure salts and mixtures
of Al3+ and Ca2+ ions were significantly less (142 - 710 mg/gpectin) than the
average amount of CaO used in classical process (about 9 g/gpectin).
Mechanism of discharge of pectin macromolecules in the presence of mixtures
of these ions using a model of double electric layer are suggested.
Photostability of piroxicam in the inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Nikolic Vesna , Ilic-Stojanovic Snezana , Nikolic Ljubisa , Cakic Milorad , Zdravkovic Aleksandar , Kapor Agnes , Popsavin Mirjana
Published: May 2013

The aim of this work is the protection of piroxicam from photodegradation by
forming inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin.
Piroxicam:2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex was
prepared by coprecipitation method with molar ratio of 1:1. Structural
characterization of the complex, the corresponding physical mixture and
complexing agents of piroxicam and 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin was carried
out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Photosensitivity to
daylight for piroxicam and piroxicam:2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin inclusion
complex was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The
investigations show that higher photostability of piroxicam was achieved in
complex than in non-complexed piroxicam.
Effect of an inserted porous layer on heat and fluid flow in a vertical channel with mixed convection
Authors: Celik Hasan , Mobedi Moghtada
Published: May 2013

Temperature and velocity fields in a vertical channel partially filled with
porous medium under mixed convection heat transfer condition are obtained.
The heat transfer equation and equation of motion for clear and porous layer
regions are written and solved analytically. The nondimensionalization of the
governing equations yields two Grashof numbers as Grc and Grd for clear and
porous sections where Grd=Da.Grc. The dimensionless governing parameters for
the problem are Grc (or Grd), Da, thermal conductivity ratio (i.e., K) and
thickness of porous layer. The temperature and velocity profiles for
different values of Grc, Da, K and thickness of porous layer are plotted and
their changes with the governing parameters are discussed. Moreover, the
variation of pressure drop with the governing parameters is investigated. The
decrease of porous layer thickness or thermal conductivity ratio increases
the possibility of the downward flows. Thermal conductivity ratio plays
important role on pressure drop, particularly for the channels with high
values of Grc/Re.
The effects of ethanol addition with waste pork lard methyl ester on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine
Authors: John Panneer , Vadivel Karuppannan
Published: May 2013

In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves,
considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative
fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of
adding ethanol as an additive with animal fat biodiesel that is tested as an
alternative fuel for diesel in a CI engine. In this study, biodiesel is
obtained from waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with
methanol when potassium hydroxide as catalyst. 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volume of
ethanol is blended with neat biodiesel in order to improve performance and
combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. The experimental work is
carried out in a 3.7 kW, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled,
direct injection diesel engine for different loads and at a constant speed of
1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of
biodiesel-ethanol blends are investigated by comparing them with neat
biodiesel and standard diesel. The experimental test results showed that the
combustion and performance characteristics improved with the increase in
percentage of ethanol addition with biodiesel. When compared to neat
biodiesel and standard diesel, an increase in brake thermal efficiency of
5.8% and 4.1% is obtained for BEB7.5 blend at full load of the engine. With
the increase in percentage of ethanol fraction in the blends, peak cylinder
pressure and the corresponding heat release rate are increased.
Biodiesel-ethanol blends exhibit longer ignition delay and shorter combustion
duration when compared to neat biodiesel. Optimum reduction in carbon
monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission are attained while using
BEB5 blend at full load of the engine. However, there is an adverse effect in
case of nitrogen oxide emission.
Dynamics of thermal and moistening fronts in porous material under capillary moistening
Authors: Nizovtsev Mikhail , Sterlyagov Alexey , Terekhov Viktor
Published: May 2013

IR thermography and gamma-ray method were used to experimentally study motion
of thermal and moistening fronts in a porous material under capillary
moistening. It is shown that at capillary moistening propagation of the
moistening front may be accompanied by the thermal front due to sorption
processes. On the basis of obtained experimental data the relation between
propagation of two fronts has been established.
A numerical study on convection around a square cylinder using Al2O3-H2O nanofluid
Authors: Valipour Mohammad , Masoodi Reza , Rashidi Saman , Bovand Masoud , Mirhosseini Mojtaba
Published: May 2013

In this paper, a numerical simulation has been performed to study the fluid
flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder utilizing Al2O3-H2O nanofluid
over low Reynolds numbers. Here, both Reynolds and Peclet numbers are varied
within the range of 1 to 40and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (?) is
varied within the range of 0<?<0.05. Two-dimensional and steady mass
continuity, momentum and energy equations have been discretized using Finite
Volume Method (FVM). SIMPLE algorithm has been applied for solving the
pressure linked equations. The effect of volume fraction of nanoparticles on
fluid flow and heat transfer were investigated numerically. It was found that
at a given Reynolds number, the Nusselt number, drag coefficient,
recirculation length, and pressure coefficient increases by increasing the
volume fraction of nanoparticles.
Numerical study of effects of the intermediates and initial conditions on flame propagation in a real homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Jinhua , Huang Zuohua , Iida Norimasa
Published: May 2013

The premixed flame speed under a small four stock homogeneous charge
compression ignition engine, fueled with dimethyl ether, was investigated.
The effects of intermediate species, initial temperature, initial pressure,
exhaust gas recirculation, and equivalence ratio were studied and compared to
the baseline condition. Results show that, under all conditions, the flame
speeds calculated without intermediates are higher than those which took the
intermediates in consideration. Flame speeds increase with the increase of
crank angle. The increase rate is divided into three regions and the increase
rate is obviously high in the event of low temperature heat release. Initial
temperature and pressure only affect the crank angle of flame speed, but have
little influence on its value. Equivalence ratio and exhaust gas
recirculation ratio do not only distinctly decrease the flame speed, but also
advance the crank angle of flame speed.
Mandatory Arbitration within Tax Treaties: A Need for a Coherent International Standard
Authors: Bertolini Michelle , Weaver Pamela
Published: May 2013

As businesses expand operations globally, the threat of double taxation on income earned becomes a significant concern. The current Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAP) within the tax treaties frequently fail to provide equitable relief, exposing taxpayers to uncertain outcomes, and cause compliance considerations under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes. In July 2008, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model Tax Treaty began including a mandatory arbitration provision for taxpayers failing to reach agreement under MAP. The U.S. Model, while beginning to shift toward including mandatory arbitration in some of the later treaties, still relies on the voluntary MAP proceedings for resolution of disagreements, because any party can elect out of arbitration. Data provided by the U.S. Treasury indicated that a wide range of taxpayer income covered by the U.S. treaties failed to receive partial or full relief from double taxation. The U.S. should consider adopting the OECD Model Tax Treaty's mandatory arbitration provisions for all tax treaties, to remove the uncertainty of double taxation and promote international trade.
Hardy-type inequality with double singular kernels
Authors: Fabricant Alexander , Kutev Nikolai , Rangelov Tsviatko
Published: May 2013

A Hardy-type inequality with singular kernels at zero and on the boundary ∂Ω is proved. Sharpness of the inequality is obtained for Ω= B
1(0).
Challenges to Epidemiologic Study of Rheumatic Disorders in the Developing Countries
Authors: Haq Syed Atiqul , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Naheed Aliya
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 1-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15026
Frequency of Seropositivity and Occupational Risks of HBV Infection in a Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Devendra Nath , Hossain Md. Ismail , Shaheduzzaman AKM , Ahmed Mainuddinin , Amin Robed
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 20-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15031
Consecutive Bites on Two Persons by Same Krait Snake: Two Fatal Case Series with Traditional Treatment
Authors: Mondal Ratindra Nath , Gupta Moni Rani , Amin Md. Robed
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 31-34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15034
An Unusual Presentation of Kala-Azar in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Ahmedul , Amin Md. Robed , Bishwas Aparna , Al-Amin Mohammad , Mukerrama Shegufta Mishket , Roy Shanta , Barman Swadesh
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 35-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15035
Lawrence - Moon - Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Islam QT , Islam QT
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 38 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15036
National Professor Nurul Islam
Authors: Editor The
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 24 No 1, 2013, Page 39-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i1.15037
The Development of Bispecific Hexavalent Antibodies as a Novel Class of DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) Complexes
Authors: Chang Chien-Hsing , Rossi Edmund , Wang Yang , Cardillo Thomas , Goldenberg David
Published: May 2013

The DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) method provides a modular approach to develop multivalent, multifunctional complexes of defined structures, of which bispecific hexavalent antibodies (bsHexAbs) are prominent examples with potential applications in targeted therapy for malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Currently, bsHexAbs are constructed by derivatizing a divalent IgG, at the carboxyl termini of either the heavy chain (the CH3-format) or the light chain (the Ck-format), to contain two stabilized dimers of Fab having a different specificity from the IgG. In this review, we briefly outline the features of the DNLTM method and describe key aspects of bsHexAbs examined with diverse preclinical studies, which include binding affinity to target cells, induction of signaling pathways, effector functions, serum stability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in human tumor xenograft models. Our findings favor the selection of the CK- over the CH3-format for further exploration of bsHexAbs in clinical trials.
Bias Adjustment for a Nonparametric Entropy Estimator
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Grabchak Michael
Published: May 2013

Zhang in 2012 introduced a nonparametric estimator of Shannon’s entropy, whose bias decays exponentially fast when the alphabet is finite. We propose a methodology to estimate the bias of this estimator. We then use it to construct a new estimator of entropy. Simulation results suggest that this bias adjusted estimator has a significantly lower bias than many other commonly used estimators. We consider both the case when the alphabet is finite and when it is countably infinite.
Phenolic Glucosides from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Xiong Liang , Cao Zhi-Xing , Peng Cheng , Li Xiao-Hong , Xie Xiao-Fang , Zhang Ting-Mo , Zhou Qin-Mei , Yang Lian , Guo Li
Published: May 2013

A new 8,4¢-oxyneolignane glucoside 1 has been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum together with six known phenolic glucosides 2-7. The structure of the new compound, including its absolute configuration, was determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (–)-(7S,8R,7¢E)-4-hydroxy-3,3¢,5,5¢-tetramethoxy-8,4¢-oxyneolign-7¢-ene-7,9,9¢-triol 7,9¢-bis-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1). In the in vitro assays, compound 1 and (-)-syringaresinol-4,4¢-bis-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) showed evident activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Shashenoside I (4) showed a selective cytotoxic activity with the IC50 value of 4.17 μM against the acute myeloid leukemia cell line MV4-11, while it was inactive against 10 other human tumor cell lines.
Supervised Method of Landslide Inventory Using Panchromatic SPOT5 Images and Application to the Earthquake-Triggered Landslides of Pisco (Peru, 2007, Mw8.0)
Authors: Lacroix Pascal , Zavala Bilberto , Berthier Etienne , Audin Laurence
Published: May 2013

Earthquake is one of the dominant triggering factors of landslides. Given the wide areas covered by mega earthquake-triggered landslides, their inventory requires development of automatic or semi-automatic methods applied to satellite imagery. A detection method is here proposed for this purpose, to fit with simple datasets; SPOT5 panchromatic images of 5 m resolution coupled with a freely and globally available DEM. The method takes advantage of multi-temporal images to detect changes based on radiometric variations after precise coregistration/orthorectification. Removal of false alarms is then undertaken using shape, orientation and radiometric properties of connected pixels defining objects. 80% of the landslides and 93% of the landslide area are detected indicating small omission errors but 50% of false alarms remain. They are removed using expert based analysis of the inventory. The method is applied to realize the first comprehensive inventory of landslides triggered by the Pisco earthquake (Peru, 15/08/2007, Mw 8.0) over an area of 27,000 km2. 866 landslides larger than 100 m2 are detected covering a total area of 1.29 km2. The area/number distribution follows a power-law with an exponent of 1.63, showing a very particular regime of triggering in this arid environment compared to other areas in the world. This specific triggering can be explained by the little soil cover in the coastal and forearc regions of Peru. Analysis of this database finally shows a major control of the topography (both orientation and inclination) on the repartition of the Pisco-triggered landslides.
Le droit de l’OHADA dans les États anglophones et ses problématiques linguistiques
Authors: Moore Dickerson Claire
Published: May 2013

La décision d’un gouvernement d’adopter ou non un nouveau droit dépendra des réalités politiques. Le droit des affaires de l’OHADA, d’inspiration civiliste, est uniforme sur une espace comprenant 16 pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et l’Afrique Centrale. Ces pays ne peuvent pas directement influencer la politique interne de leurs voisins, mais ils peuvent modifier le droit de l’OHADA afin de le rendre plus facilement adoptable par leurs voisins habitués à la common law. Sur le fond, les différences entre les deux systèmes dans le domaine du droit des affaires ne sont pas très marquées, car tous les deux ont des aspects déductifs. Néanmoins, il y a des difficultés de traduction. Il y a également des difficultés culturelles, car l’equity qui agit en parallèle avec la common law apporte une flexibilité au système anglo-saxon, tandis que le système civiliste tel que l’OHADA agit par des règles et des structures. La simplicité de celles-ci peut être un avantage, mais afin de faciliter la politique d’une adhésion éventuelle, il serait utile que l’OHADA accepte de retravailler les traductions avec des juristes anglophones et aussi d’adopter certains concepts juridiques d’origine anglo-saxonne.
Reconnaissance et exécution du jugement étranger de faillite en Chine
Authors: Lin Ya Song
Published: May 2013

La reconnaissance et l’exécution du jugement étranger en Chine méritent d’être analysées profondément afin que des entreprises françaises ou étrangères puissent prendre la connaissance de l’attitude des juges chinois. Depuis la rétrocession de Hong-Kong et Macao, des jugements de Hong-Kong et de Macao sont toujours considérés comme des jugements étrangers. Mais les juges chinois continentaux montrent leurs bonnes volontés de souplesse vis-à-vis des jugements faits à Hong-Kong ou Macao. En revanche, la Chine a signé trente-deux accords avec des pays étrangers dont le premier entre la France et la Chine. Pour ceux qui n’entretiennent pas la relation conventionnelle avec la Chine, les juges chinois exigent la relation de réciprocité. En effet, si aucune jurisprudence ne prouve qu’entre la Chine et ceux qui n’ont pas la relation conventionnelle, il existe la relation réciprocité, les juges chinois continentaux se donnent le droit de refuser les jugements étrangers. Dans le cas de la reconnaissance et de l’exécution de la faillite, la situation est plus délicate. L’auteur critique non seulement la loi actuelle, mais donne également ses conseils et solutions.
Les services d’intérêt général en droit communautaire entre libre concurrence et État social
Authors: Nettesheim Martin
Published: May 2013

Ce texte présente le cadre actuel du droit de l’Union européenne sur les services d’intérêt général des États membres. Il tend à démontrer que deux approches potentiellement conflictuelles se dessinent. D’une part, l’Union européenne (UE) continue à considérer ces services du point de vue d’une totale libre concurrence : l’interventionnisme étatique dans la mise en oeuvre de telles opérations (par exemple au moyen de subventions) ne pourrait être acceptée que sur une base légitime et proportionnée. Du point de vue de la doctrine constitutionnelle, les relations entre l’État et le marché sont ainsi fondamentalement rééquilibrées. D’autre part, les institutions européennes ont maintenant reconnu l’importance du principe de la continuité de tels services de grande qualité. Ils envisagent maintenant une politique et des mesures qui établiraient un modèle pan-européen de service public.
Les limites d’adaptation-interprétation du Code civil français dans la synthèse du droit mixte mauricien - Coexistence et influence dans les Mascareignes
Authors: Gunputh Rajendra Parsad
Published: May 2013

Le droit mauricien est une étrange alchimie. Né à partir du droit français (1715-1810) et du droit anglais (1810-1968), il est le résultat d’un droit mixte. Malgré son indépendance en 1968, le droit mauricien continue de s’inspirer des sources étrangères dont principalement le droit civil français et le droit anglais qui cohabitent en parfaite harmonie. Parmi les articles du Code Napoléon se trouvent les lois d’origine anglaise. L’interprétation se fait selon l’expression française mais les lois anglaises sont interprétées en priorité.
La nouvelle loi chinoise du 27 août 2006 sur la faillite d’entreprises et quelques réflexions critiques
Authors: Ren Junmin
Published: May 2013

Avant la réforme législative de 2006, la procédure de la faillite d’entreprises en droit chinois était soumise à un système dit dualiste selon que les entreprises relevaient de l’identité étatique ou non. Cette réforme mettant fin à cette diversité ne consacre qu’un seul corps pour toute personne morale. Par rapport au système antérieur, la nouvelle loi contient bien des perfectionnements, notamment concernant l’introduction des mécanismes de réorganisation et du rôle d’administrateur. En admettant que le législateur actuel ait un esprit libéral et ouvert, certaines dispositions présentent cependant des insuffisances qui provoqueraient sans doute des problèmes dans sa mise en oeuvre. Au niveau de protection des salariés, se manifeste un recul considérable qui serait contraire à la tendance des activités législatives des pays industriels dont la France. Il nécessite que le législateur chinois prenne en considération ces défauts afin d’envisager une modification législative éventuelle.
L’évolution contemporaine du droit du travail australien entre mondialisation économique et protection sociale
Authors: Fiorentino Allison
Published: May 2013

Until the early 1990s the Australian labor law has not suffered from fundamental upheaval. For almost a century this branch of law has been built over the collective bargaining, the legislative provisions adopted by each State and the system of awards, that is to say the decisions made by a Federal Court when collective conflict between social partners was submitted to it. In 1993, the Conservative Government initiated a process whose ultimate step was the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005. This approach was characterized by a strengthening of the negotiations between parties to the employment contract, at the expense of unions and even of the statute laws. On the other hand this evolution has resulted in greater flexibility in the management of companies. Nevertheless a reform intervened in March 2008 (Workplace Relations Amendment (Transition to Forward with Fairness) is a step backwards which reduces the freedom of staff management by the employer. Moreover another reform much more important is announced for 2010, which aims to redraw completely the face of Australian labor law and to increase protection for employees.
L'Éthiopie chrétienne : introduction à une histoire imprégnée de foi et à quelques aspects nouveaux d'une mission œcuménique
Authors: Heitz Lucien
Published: May 2013

En guise d’introduction au dossier de ce numéro, les rédacteurs de la revue Pentecôte sur le monde , en compagnie de missionnaires spiritains sur le terrain, font toucher du doigt ce que la foi orthodoxe a fait naître en Éthiopie depuis plus de seize siècles : églises, monastères, manuscrits enluminés, innombrables peintures et autres trésors qui sont autant d’expressions d’une foi imprégnant encore la vie de bien des Éthiopiens. Ils expliquent ensuite comment, après Vatican II, les spiritains ont osé les premiers pas d’une mission œcuménique avec l’Église orthodoxe : formation du clergé, première évangélisation et projets de développement, etc.
Une réforme liturgique de l'Église guèze-catholique : pour quoi faire ?
Authors: Fritsch Emmanuel
Published: May 2013

Cet article décrit la situation anormale dans laquelle se trouvent les membres de l’Église guèze-catholique en Éthiopie et en Érythrée et présente quelques données historiques qui ont provoqué cette situation. Cette sorte d’état des lieux, nécessaire pour évaluer le chemin à parcourir, n’est pas toute l’histoire. Le lecteur est invité à découvrir dans la réforme liturgique qui est en préparation à l’initiative de responsables ecclésiastiques eux-mêmes, une voie susceptible de permettre non seulement de dépasser la situation actuelle, mais surtout les erreurs de l’histoire, et de retrouver un dynamisme évangélique tonifiant.
Le psaume 24 à la lumière de l'exil babylonien dans le rite éthiopien
Authors: Assefa Daniel
Published: May 2013

L’exégèse traditionnelle du psaume 24, chanté le dimanche des Rameaux et lors des vêpres solennelles, comporte des interprétations à la fois historiques et allégoriques. Au-delà d’une interprétation littérale, on peut y trouver des références à la descente du Christ aux enfers, et spécialement à son Ascension, en lien avec l’exégèse patristique. L’ensemble du texte est encore expliqué à la lumière de l’exil à Babylone avec toute une série de lectures particulièrement significatives du verset 7. La mention d’événements et de lieux historiques en lien avec l’Exil et avec le retour de captivité rappellent des commentaires d’origine antiochienne, comme celui de Théodore de Mopsueste.
Des hommes et des anges. Regard sur la peinture éthiopienne
Authors: Sidot Philippe
Published: May 2013

Au iv e siècle, l’Éthiopie est le premier pays d’Afrique noire à avoir adopté la religion chrétienne. La sculpture figurative étant bannie, l’édification et la ferveur des fidèles passera par peintures murales, icônes, manuscrits dans les églises et les monastères. Au fil des siècles, des prêtres-peintres vont assimiler et réinterpréter les modèles extérieurs grecs, syriaques, arméniens, italiens, etc. Autour de deux thèmes – les regards et les anges –, les quelques lignes de cette contribution se veulent une invitation à la contemplation des 4 pages en couleurs où sont reproduits quelques peintures éthiopiennes...
El Quijote y la melancolía
Authors: De la Higuera Espín Javier
Published: May 2013

En este artículo se indaga en el carácter inaugural de la literatura moderna que posee la obra capital de Cervantes. Para ello, se analiza el concepto de melancolía, central en El Quijote, y se sostiene que ese concepto puede entenderse como generador estructural de la obra literaria moderna. El análisis se lleva a cabo, en primer lugar, en el contexto histórico-ideológico de la época de Cervantes, “era melancólica”, para trasladarse, en segundo lugar, al estudio de la manera en que Cervantes ha interiorizado esa “melancolía objetiva” en la construcción del personaje de D. Quijote y de la propia obra literaria. En tercer lugar, se ubica la originalidad cervantina en una historia ontológica más general de la melancolía, que descubre en ella una importante clave de la arqueología de la actualidad.
Realidad y actualidad. Una primera aproximación al tema del cuerpo
Authors: Espinoza Lolas Ricardo , Ascorra Costa Paula , Vargas Abarzúa Esteban
Published: May 2013

El presente artículo indaga en el pensamiento del último Zubiri, esto es, llamado noología, y desde la trilogía de la inteligencia: Inteligencia sentiente (1980-1983) y del escrito El concepto de materia, la articulación entre realidad y actualidad como soporte conceptual para comprender una filosofía del cuerpo humano que integre, por una parte, la filosofía zubiriana a lo largo de su obra y, por otra parte, que nos posibilite entender al hombre en su radical unidad corporal constitutiva tanto en el cosmos como en el mundo.
¿Qué evalúan los instrumentos de evaluación?. Valoraciones de estudiantes
Authors: Porto Currás Mónica , García Hernández María Luisa , Navarro Medina Elisa
Published: May 2013

Los instrumentos empleados para la recogida de información aportan la información para evaluar si se han logrado las competencias previstas en un plan formativo. Por ello, conocer cómo entienden y describen los estudiantes las capacidades y destrezas que están demostrando en ellos, es una información a tener en cuenta en momentos de cambio y reestructuraciones de los planes de estudio.

En este artículo mostramos los resultados obtenidos en una investigación, en la que los estudiantes describen qué implica cada una de las técnicas de evaluación que han realizado a lo largo de sus estudios de licenciatura y qué destrezas debían emplear en cada una de ellas. Con la información recogida, hemos intentado organizar las tipologías de instrumentos de recogida de información con las capacidades desarrolladas desde las percepciones de los estudiantes, presentando un continuo de habilidades cognitivas.
Tiempo y edad biológica
Authors: Vargas Esteban , Espinoza Ricardo
Published: May 2013

En este trabajo intentamos meditar si es posible concebir la edad como un tiempo propio de los seres vivos incluyendo al hombre. En el trabajo revisamos diversos conceptos de edad obtenidos de diversas ciencias biológicas como la cronobiología, la gerontología, la biología evolutiva y la biología del desarrollo descubriendo que en ellas, en general, se sigue pensando el tiempo biológico como el tiempo que mide un reloj. Nosotros proponemos que la edad como tiempo biológico debe ser entendida como una fase del proceso biológico, pero en función del ciclo completo del organismo. En el caso del ser humano, su edad está determinada también por lo que se “espera” de él. Su edad está determinada entonces por aspectos biológicos y culturales.
Identidad cultural en internet: la difusión del Instituto Cervantes y sus homólogos europeos
Authors: Antolino Ibáñez Andrés , Chaín Navarro Celia
Published: May 2013

Con objeto de averiguar la eficacia de la difusión de la identidad cultural a través de la Red, se realiza una evaluación de los recursos electrónicos más significativos de distintos países europeos para la promoción y la enseñanza de su idioma y la difusión de su cultura en Internet. Las sedes estudiadas son las webs del Instituto Cervantes, British Council, Società Dante Alighieri, Instituto Camões y Goethe-Institut. El Instituto Cervantes es el mejor situado y el que más indicadores y parámetros positivos obtiene en el análisis realizado.