bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Post-COVID-19 Era: Interdisciplinary Demands of Contagion Surveillance Mass Spectrometry for Future Pandemics
Authors: Giri Chaitanya , Cleaves Henderson James , Meringer Markus , Chandru Kuhan
Published: July 2021

Mass spectrometry (MS) can become a potentially useful instrument type for aerosol, droplet and fomite (ADF) contagion surveillance in pandemic outbreaks, such as the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, this will require development of detection protocols and purposing of instrumentation for in situ environmental contagion surveillance. These approaches include: (1) enhancing biomarker detection by pattern recognition and machine learning; (2) the need for investigating viral degradation induced by environmental factors; (3) representing viral molecular data with multidimensional data transforms, such as van Krevelen diagrams, that can be repurposed to detect viable viruses in environmental samples; and (4) absorbing engineering attributes for developing contagion surveillance MS from those used for astrobiology and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) monitoring applications. Widespread deployment of such an MS-based contagion surveillance could help identify hot zones, create containment perimeters around them and assist in preventing the endemic-to-pandemic progression of contagious diseases.
Identification of the Domain of the Sturm–Liouville Operator on a Star Graph
Authors: Kanguzhin Baltabek , Aimal Rasa Ghulam Hazrat , Kaiyrbek Zhalgas
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the unique recovering of the domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator on a star graph. The domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator is uniquely identified from the set of spectra of a finite number of specially selected canonical problems. In the general case, the domain of the definition of the original operator can be specified by integro-differential linear forms. In the case when the domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator on a star graph corresponds to the boundary value problem, it is sufficient to choose only finite parts of the spectra of canonical problems for a unique identification of the boundary form. Moreover, the above statement is valid only for a symmetric star graph.
Building a Fuzzy Classifier Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm to Detect Network Intrusions
Authors: Koryshev Nikolay , Hodashinsky Ilya , Shelupanov Alexander
Published: July 2021

The quantity of network attacks and the harm from them is constantly increasing, so the detection of these attacks is an urgent task in the information security field. In this paper, we investigate an approach to building intrusion detection systems using a classifier based on fuzzy rules. The process of creating a fuzzy classifier based on a given set of input and output data can be presented as a solution to the problems of clustering, informative features selection, and the parameters of the rule antecedents optimization. To solve these problems, the whale optimization algorithm is used. The performance of algorithms for constructing a fuzzy classifier based on this metaheuristic is estimated using the KDD Cup 1999 intrusion detection dataset. On average, the resulting classifiers have a type I error of 0.92% and a type II error of 1.07%. The obtained results are also compared with the results of other classifiers. The comparison shows the competitiveness of the proposed method.
Facial Homogeneous Colouring of Graphs
Authors: Madaras Tomáš , Šurimová Mária
Published: July 2021

A proper colouring of a plane graph G is called facially homogeneous if it uses the same number of colours for every face of G. We study various sufficient conditions of facial homogeneous colourability of plane graphs, its relation to other facial colourings, and the extension of this concept for embedded graphs in general.
The Use of a Game Theory Model to Explore the Emergence of Core/Periphery Structure in Networks and Its Symmetry
Authors: Beranek Ladislav , Remes Radim
Published: July 2021

In network systems characterized by complex interactions of various types, core-periphery structures can be found. In this paper, we deal with such questions as what processes can lead to the emergence of core-periphery formation, whether this structure is symmetric, and to what extent. Namely, the question of symmetry in a complex network is still the subject of intense research interest. Symmetry can relate to network topology, network relationships, and other processes on networks. To answer these questions, we modified the model of the classic social dilemma called the repeated prisoner’s dilemma (or repeated PD game) by adding the cost of maintaining relationships between the pairs of players (partners) and especially by adding the possibility of ending some relationships. We present the results of simulations that suggest that the players’ network strategy (i.e., partner selection or termination of relationships with some partners) is the driving force behind the emergence of a core-periphery structure in networks rather than the player’s strategy in PD. Our results also suggest that the formed core is symmetric, and this symmetry is a result of the symmetric interactions of core players. Our outcomes can help understand various economic or social questions related to creating centers or peripheries, including their symmetry in different network systems.
Efficacy of a Modified Clinoptilolite Based Adsorbent in Reducing Detrimental Effects of Ochratoxin A in Laying Hens
Authors: Vasiljević Marko , Marinković Darko , Milićević Dragan , Pleadin Jelka , Stefanović Srđan , Trialović Saša , Raj Jog , Petrujkić Branko , Trialović Jelena Nedejković
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of modified clinoptilolite (Minazel Plus®, MZ) as a mycotoxin adsorbent for preventing the negative the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on performance, pathohistological changes, and OTA residue in the eggs of laying hens. Methods: Forty eight (n = 48) laying hens (27 weeks old) were equally divided into six groups and depending on the type of addition were allocated to the following experimental treatments for 7 weeks: E-I group-1 mg/kg OTA; E-II group 0.25 mg/kg OTA; E-III group 1 mg/kg OTA + 0.2% of MZ; E-IV group 0.25 mg/kg OTA + 0.2% of MZ; MZ group supplemented with 0.2% of the adsorbent; and control (K, without feed additive). Results: Overall, the addition of 0.2% MZ to laying hen feed mitigated the harmful effects of OTA on target organs and reduced the presence of OTA residue in eggs. The groups that received 0.2% of MZ achieved better production results in terms of body weight, number of eggs, and feed consumption, compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: The current findings confirm the efficacy of MZ in preventing performance losses in laying hens exposed to OTA, as well as for improving the welfare and health of food producing animals.
The Possibility of a Non-Lagrangian Theory of Gravity
Authors: Escamilla-Rivera Celia , Fabris Júlio C.
Published: July 2021

General Relativity resembles a very elegant crystal glass: If we touch its principles, that is, its Lagrangian, there is a risk of breaking everything. Or, if we will, it is like a short blanket: Curing some problems creates new problems. This paper is devoted to bring to light the reasons why we pursue the possibility of a non-Lagrangian theory of gravity under the hypothesis of an extension of the original general relativity with an ansatz inspired in the fundamental principles of classical and quantum physics.
HCV Spread Kinetics Reveal Varying Contributions of Transmission Modes to Infection Dynamics
Authors: Durso-Cain Karina , Kumberger Peter , Schälte Yannik , Fink Theresa , Dahari Harel , Hasenauer Jan , Uprichard Susan L. , Graw Frederik
Published: July 2021

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is capable of spreading within a host by two different transmission modes: cell-free and cell-to-cell. However, the contribution of each of these transmission mechanisms to HCV spread is unknown. To dissect the contribution of these different transmission modes to HCV spread, we measured HCV lifecycle kinetics and used an in vitro spread assay to monitor HCV spread kinetics after a low multiplicity of infection in the absence and presence of a neutralizing antibody that blocks cell-free spread. By analyzing these data with a spatially explicit mathematical model that describes viral spread on a single-cell level, we quantified the contribution of cell-free, and cell-to-cell spread to the overall infection dynamics and show that both transmission modes act synergistically to enhance the spread of infection. Thus, the simultaneous occurrence of both transmission modes represents an advantage for HCV that may contribute to viral persistence. Notably, the relative contribution of each viral transmission mode appeared to vary dependent on different experimental conditions and suggests that viral spread is optimized according to the environment. Together, our analyses provide insight into the spread dynamics of HCV and reveal how different transmission modes impact each other.
RETRACTED: Rationale and Criteria for a COVID-19 Model Framework
Authors: Messina Francesco , Montaldo Chiara , Abbate Isabella , Antonioli Manuela , Bordoni Veronica , Matusali Giulia , Sacchi Alessandra , Giombini Emanuela , Fimia Gian , Piacentini Mauro , Capobianchi Maria , Lauria Francesco , Ippolito Giuseppe ,   on behalf of COVID-19 Scoping Review Working Group
Published: July 2021

Complex systems are inherently multilevel and multiscale systems. The infectious disease system is considered a complex system resulting from the interaction between three sub-systems (host, pathogen, and environment) organized into a hierarchical structure, ranging from the cellular to the macro-ecosystem level, with multiscales. Therefore, to describe infectious disease phenomena that change through time and space and at different scales, we built a model framework where infectious disease must be considered the set of biological responses of human hosts to pathogens, with biological pathways shared with other pathologies in an ecological interaction context. In this paper, we aimed to design a framework for building a disease model for COVID-19 based on current literature evidence. The model was set up by identifying the molecular pathophysiology related to the COVID-19 phenotypes, collecting the mechanistic knowledge scattered across scientific literature and bioinformatic databases, and integrating it using a logical/conceptual model systems biology. The model framework building process began from the results of a domain-based literature review regarding a multiomics approach to COVID-19. This evidence allowed us to define a framework of COVID-19 conceptual model and to report all concepts in a multilevel and multiscale structure. The same interdisciplinary working groups that carried out the scoping review were involved. The conclusive result is a conceptual method to design multiscale models of infectious diseases. The methodology, applied in this paper, is a set of partially ordered research and development activities that result in a COVID-19 multiscale model.
DsRNA Sequencing for RNA Virus Surveillance Using Human Clinical Samples
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Morioka Yuhei , Urayama Syun-ichi , Motooka Daisuke , Tamura Tomokazu , Kawagishi Takahiro , Kanai Yuta , Kobayashi Takeshi , Ono Chikako , Morinaga Akinari , Tomiyama Takahiro , Iseda Norifumi , Kosai Yukiko , Inokuchi Shoichi , Nakamura Shota , Tanaka Tomohisa , Moriishi Kohji , Kariwa Hiroaki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Fukuhara Takasuke
Published: July 2021

Although viruses infect various organs and are associated with diseases, there may be many unidentified pathogenic viruses. The recent development of next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated the establishment of an environmental viral metagenomic approach targeting the intracellular viral genome. However, an efficient method for the detection of a viral genome derived from an RNA virus in animal or human samples has not been established. Here, we established a method for the efficient detection of RNA viruses in human clinical samples. We then tested the efficiency of the method compared to other conventional methods by using tissue samples collected from 57 recipients of living donor liver transplantations performed between June 2017 and February 2019 at Kyushu University Hospital. The viral read ratio in human clinical samples was higher by the new method than by the other conventional methods. In addition, the new method correctly identified viral RNA from liver tissues infected with hepatitis C virus. This new technique will be an effective tool for intracellular RNA virus surveillance in human clinical samples and may be useful for the detection of new RNA viruses associated with diseases.
Response to Vaccination against Mumps in Medical Students: Two Doses Are Needed
Authors: Trevisan Andrea , Moretto Angelo , Bertoncello Chiara , Nicolli Annamaria , Maso Stefano , Scapellato Maria Luisa , Mason Paola
Published: July 2021

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease diffuse worldwide. The implementation of mumps vaccination reduced largely the spread of infection. On 11,327 Medical School students the prevalence of mumps positive antibodies was evaluated according to dose/doses of vaccine, year of birth and sex. Compliance to mumps vaccine was low in students born before 1990 but increased consistently after this year, above all compliance to two doses, due to the implementation of the vaccine offer. Positivity of mumps antibodies is significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in students vaccinated once (71.2%) compared to those vaccinated twice (85.4%). In addition, students born after 1995, largely vaccinated twice, showed a seropositivity near to 90%. Further, females had a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher proportion of positive antibodies after vaccination than males, both one (74.6% vs. 64.7%) and two doses (86.8% vs. 82.9%). Finally, seropositivity after two vaccine doses remains high (86.1%) even 15 years after the second dose. In conclusion, the research highlighted that vaccination against mumps reaches a good level of coverage only after two doses of vaccine persisting at high levels over 15 years and induces a more significant response in females.
Pre-Clinical Evaluation of the Nanoliposomal antiPCSK9 Vaccine in Healthy Non-Human Primates
Authors: Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Jaafari Mahmoud R. , Banach Maciej , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Sahraei Hedayat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: July 2021

Background: Our previous studies showed the safe preventive and therapeutic effects of immunization using the nanoliposomal antiPCSK9 vaccine called “Liposomal Immunogenic Fused PCSK9-Tetanus plus Alum adjuvant” (L-IFPTA), in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Here we aimed to ascertain the immunogenicity and safety of the L-IFPTA vaccine in a pre-clinical study in healthy non-human primates. Methods: Five male rhesus macaque monkeys were subcutaneously immunized with the L-IFPTA vaccine, four times with bi-weekly intervals. To evaluate immunogenicity, the plasma antiPCSK9 antibody in immunized monkeys was detected and quantified using the ELISA method. The functionality of the induced antiPCSK9 antibodies was determined by the PCSK9/LDLR in vitro binding assay kit. The safety of the vaccine was tested using the evaluation of several major circulating indicators including plasma lipid alterations, inflammatory biomarkers and organ injury biomarkers. Results: The resultant data indicated that the L-IFPTA vaccine significantly and highly induced the generation of functional and safe antiPCSK9 antibodies in immunized monkeys. Plasma levels of specific biomarkers indicating organ performance including creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, ALP, AS, ALT and TSH were not significantly altered. After immunization in healthy monkeys, non-prespecified endpoints (plasma levels of TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG) were non-significantly reduced by 11.6 ± 36%; 16 ± 28%; 22 ± 53% and 24 ± 51%, respectively, while HDL-C was slightly increased by 2 ± 64%. There were also no significant changes in plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion: The L-IFPTA vaccine could efficiently stimulate the host humoral immune response to produce active antibodies that inhibit plasma PCSK9 while not provoking systemic inflammation and not adversely affecting organ performance.
Effects of Vaccination Day Routine Activities on Influenza Vaccine Efficacy and Vaccination-Induced Adverse Reaction Incidence: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Yahata Shinsuke , Goda Ken , Kumabe Ayako , Kamada Momoka , Okayama Masanobu
Published: July 2021

We aimed to investigate the effect of vaccination day routine activities on the influenza vaccine efficacy and vaccination-induced adverse reaction incidence. Study participants were workers at three hospitals in the Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, who received the influenza vaccine between October and November, 2018 and 2019. Their data were collected using a questionnaire. The main factors, which were examined for vaccination day routine activities, were personal hygiene (bathing), smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and exercise. The main outcome markers included influenza incidence during the winter season and vaccination-induced local or systemic adverse reaction incidence. The risk ratio for the main factors of vaccination day routine activities was calculated against the main outcome markers using the modified Poisson regression. Overall, 3780 people received the influenza vaccination, and 2731 submitted the questionnaire. We found that vaccination day routine activities did not affect the influenza vaccine efficacy, and engaging in strenuous exercise on the vaccination day tended to cause systemic adverse reactions. Moreover, lifestyle-related activities had no impact on the incidence of systemic or local adverse reactions. Therefore, it is advisable to only avoid strenuous physical exercise, and no other lifestyle-related restrictions are necessary on the day of influenza vaccination.
A Sustainability Index within Water and Wastewater Management in Sweden: An Evaluation of Eight Case Studies
Authors: Najar Nasik , Persson Kenneth M.
Published: July 2021

A sustainability index (SI) is a benchmark for guiding the activities of municipal water and wastewater (W and WS) utilities toward sustainability. The SI has been used in Sweden since 2014 as an internal benchmark management tool facilitating the strategic work of organizations. This study assesses how the SI was applied in practice by eight utilities (Orgs 1–8) from 2015 to 2019. The study was performed using in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers of the utilities and analyzing 32 SI reports and other documents. The utilities generally perform better in all parameters compared with the national average. Three utilities had improved results during the study period, while the other five had unchanged development. Five utilities use the SI index to improve their performance, and three use the SI results to grade the organization. All utilities are concerned with sustainability and wish to improve their performance. The study found that the parameter “Status of W and WS fixed facilities” was the furthest from sustainability. The study also clarifies that the technical committee has the primary responsibility to ensure that the technical office meets the sustainability objectives.
Definition of the Operational Curves by Modification of the Affinity Laws to Improve the Simulation of PATs
Authors: Macías Ávila Carlos Andrés , Sánchez-Romero Francisco-Javier , López-Jiménez P. Amparo , Pérez-Sánchez Modesto
Published: July 2021

New technologies for water pressurized systems try to implement the introduction of strategies for the improvement of the sustainable indicators. One of these technologies is the implementation of pumps working as turbines. The use of these recovery machines was proposed some years ago, and the interest in this technology has increased over the last years. The simulation of these machines is necessary when analyzing pressurized water systems, or when optimization procedures are proposed for their management, great care must be taken. In these cases, the knowledge of the operation curves is crucial to reach accurate results. This study proposes different regression expressions to define three operational curves when the machines operate under variable rotational speed. These curves are the best efficiency head, the best power-head and the best power flow. The here proposed methods were compared with other five published methods. The comparison shows the proposed method was the best when it is compared with the rest of the published procedures, reducing the error values between 8 and 20%.
Роль ESG в период энергоперехода
Authors:   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. Губкина, Миловидов Константин Николаевич , Халидов Ибрагим Арбиевич ,   Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается необходимость многоаспектного подхода к оценке энергоперехода. Отмечается растущий тренд к отказу от инвестирования в публично торгуемые нефтегазовые компании и необходимость принятия мер в области экологического и социального управления с введением понятия «устойчивых» инвестиций. Сделан акцент на ответственные инвестиции в нефтегазовую отрасль, учитывающие факторы окружающей среды, социальной сферы и управления (ESG). Обсуждается связь вопросов ESG, финансирования и экономики. Приведены результаты деятельности нефтегазовых компаний в контексте требований ESG. Систематизирована информация о мощностях и объемах производства ВИЭ по крупнейшим компаниям. Сделан вывод о доминировании проблемы изменение климата в задачах финансового менеджмента.
Possibilities of using usability testing for scientific research in assessing user satisfaction with the activities of environmental digital platforms
Authors: Ermolaeva Polina Olegovna , Basheva Olga Aleksandrovna , Ermolaeva Yulia Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2021

This article is aimed at demonstrating the possibilities of using the usability testing method in the framework of research to determine the features of the new forms of digital urban participation by Russians in solving social and environmental problems and conflicts. In particular, the authors investigated the effectiveness of environmental online platforms in the UX research methodology through usability testing of these sites from the perspective of their users. The results of testing showed that both the functionality of these platforms to involve the population in environmental practices and technical limitations prevent users from putting environmental initiatives into practice. The data obtained in the framework of the UX study will allow us to compare the perception of users of online platforms with the conceptual vision of their developers to identify potential biases in the perception of these products by their ideologues and users in order to minimize these gaps. In terms of the increase of scientific knowledge, this study will allow to assess the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for digital ecoactivists in comparison with traditional (offline) forms of urban participation, to analyze the new strategies and forms of digital participation, and to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of ICTs in minimizing socio-environmental problems and conflicts in the tradition of M. Castells, digital environmental humanities/

English version of the article on pp. 86 - 94 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/possibilities-of-using-usability-testing-for-scientific-research-in-assessing-user-satisfaction-with-the-activities-of-environmental-digital-platforms/50575.html
Early detection of social neglect in economically disadvantaged families as a direction of family policy
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana Anatolievna
Published: July 2021

One of the directions of social policy is to improve the situation of children and families with children. The main objectives of family policy are related to improving the well-being of the family. In this regard, it becomes obvious that there is a need to develop a system of measures for early identification of families in crisis.
Advantages and disadvantages of electronic SWIFT interbank calculation systems in Russia
Authors: Nikolaenko Denis Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

The international SWIFT system is an essential link in the global payment infrastructure. Its significance for conducting numerous financial transactions is hard to overestimate. Therefore, this article deals with the most detailed consideration of the issues of integration of the Russian banking system with the SWIFT system and its analogues as a means of providing an opportunity for global integration and accelerated growth.
How to distribute the bonus among the company's employees
Authors: Korshikova O. R.
Published: July 2021

Many employers are concerned about the issue of the distribution of bonuses among employees, each of whom should receive a decent reward for their contribution to the "common piggy bank". There are several ways to determine the size of the premium, each of which has its own nuances.
Note sur la piété filiale en Asie du Sud-Est theravādin : La notion de « guṇ »
Authors: Kourilsky Gregory
Published: July 2021

Note on Filial Piety in Theravādin Southeast Asia : The Notion of "Gun".

Gregory Kourilsky.

The study of texts and practices in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia shows that filial obligation towards the parents is one of the commitments that no devotee should overlook. Although Indian Buddhism does not preclude filial piety from the religious sphere, the importance given to "gratitude" or "obligation" towards the

parents seems to be a peculiar feature that sets the so-called "theravādin" tradition apart from the Indian or Sinhalese ones.

Central to this conception of filial piety is the notion of ''gun'' imparted to the five categories of individuals that a person depends upon (mother, father, monarch, lineage, master). While originally borrowed from the Indie stock, the term gun underwent local reinterpretations that gave it a polysemic dimension. The redefined concept of ''gun'' that resulted from this process is perhaps the ultimate tie that still relates "orthodox" Buddhism as practised nowadays throughout the region to the ancient Southeast Asian kammatthān tradition.
Aperçus sur Isocrate à la lumière de l’emploi de quelques termes du vocabulaire politique
Authors: Liou Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2021

Einblick in Isokrates im Lichte des Gebrauchs einiger Wörter der politischen Terminologie.

Dieser Aufsatz betrifft den Gebrauch von vier Ausdrücken des Wortfeldes polis im Werk des Isokrates. Politis und politeuma kommen nur einmal vor. Das erste Wort konnotiert offensichtlich die Verbindung mit der bürgerlichen Gemeinschaft ; das zweite, abstrakter als bei Aischines oder Demosthenes, wird im Sinne von „Regierungsprinzip“ angewandt. Politeuesthai wird auf sehr verschiedene Weise gebraucht, hier einfach den Genuß des Bürgerrechts bezeichnend, dort die Tatigkeit des Berufpolitikers, wobei Isokrates sehr subtil mit der Zweideutigkeit beider Begriffe umgeht. Unteranderm bedeutet bei ihm das Wort politeia meistens „politisches Regime" oder „Verfassung“. Diese Terminologie widerspiegelt sowohl flüchtige Neigungen des Autors, zum Beispiel seine Faszination vor der persönlichen Macht, als auch tiefere Tendenzen : seine Furcht vor jeder Revolution, seinen Pragmatismus, seine Verweigerung, sich in allzu starre Theorien einsperren zu lassen, seine Vorliebe für ein politisches Regime, in dem ailes, was gut ist an jeder überlieferten politischen Ordnung, beibehalten wäre.
Dénominations des organisations artisanales dans l’Occident romain
Authors: Pavis d'Escurac Henriette
Published: July 2021

Le substantif abstrait — essentiellement corpus ou collegium, dont l’épigraphie invite à tenir l’emploi pour indifférencié — est suivi du nom de la profession. On constate, avec la multiplication des spécialités, le foisonnement des termes désignant les métiers. Les précisions géographiques complétant la dénomination des associations soulignent leur caractère local, avec des activités strictement limitées à la civitas, au vicus ou au pagus. L’autorisation n’est indiquée que si l’association cherche à rehausser sa valeur en affichant son caractère reconnu d’utilité publique. Souvent la dénomination s’accompagne d’épithètes valorisantes révélant le poids social dont les collèges entendent jouir dans la cité. Les diverses formules se référant à l’individu en tant que membre de l’association éclairent les relations internes au sein des collèges et les intentions psychologiques de leurs membres.

Bien que le collège n’impose aucune obligation d’affiliation, peu d’artisans sont demeurés volontairement au dehors. D’autre part, l’appartenance à un collège n’implique pas toujours l’exercice du métier et la législation impériale intervint pour que la qualification professionnelle correspondît véritablement à la dénomination du collège, afin de prévenir les exonérations abusives des munera publica par entrée dans un collège professionnel.

L’étude de leur dénomination montre que les collectivités de métier ont réussi à jouer un rôle officiel dans la cité et à faire partie intégrante de la hiérarchie urbaine, acquérant la considération, la respectabilité qui faisaient défaut à l’artisan isolé.
Végétation et paysage dans la peinture funéraire étrusque
Authors: Adam Anne-Marie
Published: July 2021

En dehors de quelques tombes où la présence des éléments naturalistes s’affirme de manière indéniable et crée un espace imaginaire symboliquement ouvert vers l’extérieur (Tombe du Chasseur , Tombe du Bateau à Tarquinia, etc.), on a souvent considéré les motifs végétaux qui scandent les fresques funéraires étrusques comme de purs motifs de décor ou de remplissage. Pourtant, on doit envisager la chambre funéraire comme un espace pictural autonome que les éléments végétaux ou paysagers, entre autres, contribuent à structurer de manière spécifique. La tombe se trouve ainsi définie comme un espace sacré, au sein duquel danseurs et musiciens, en des danses souvent orgiaques, semblent chercher à rétablir magiquement avec le défunt le contact interrompu, en même temps qu’ils affirment la capacité de récupération de la communauté des vivants face à la mort. La végétation contribue alors à la mise en place d’un lieu d’échanges entre morts et vivants et prend tout son sens comme cadre de la célébration du rituel funéraire.
Les métiers dans les villages de la Syrie du Nord
Authors: Tate Georges
Published: July 2021

Craftsmen in the villages of Northern Syria.

We know from the literary texts, as Libanios’ Antiochikos or the Life of Holy Simeon the Younger and from the inscriptions that there were in the villages of Northern Syria tradesmen and craftsmen, the latter especially busy in building activities. There were also oil-mills, as shown by archaeological researches and especially the work of O. Callot.

But G. Tchalenko was wrong when he thought that there were villages specialized in trade and quarters reserved for craftsmen. It is so because tradesmen and craftsmen are at the same time peasants or cattle-breeders.
Milieu naturel et différences ethniques dans la pensée grecque classique
Authors: Lenfant Dominique
Published: July 2021

Herodotus, the Hippocratic Airs, Waters and Places and the Indica of Ctesias furnish the basis of the study. On the peoples that live near the Greeks we find two different speeches : Herodotus thinks that environment does not exercise much influence on their body and no influence at all on their psychology and that it acts only indirectly on their way of life ; in the Hippocratical treatise environment has an immediate and preponderant influence on people, plants and animals. In Herodotus and Ctesias the peoples that live at the extremities of the world have very peculiar relations with Nature : it acts so much on their way of life that they stay out of History in an eternal present ; it is both generous and dangerous just like the remotest past which is the beginning either of a decay or of a progress.
Le vocabulaire du pouvoir personnel dans la poésie archaïque
Authors: Casevitz Michel
Published: July 2021

The vocabulary of personal power in archaic poetry.

Mentioning the many words that are formed on the radical arch-, the writer studies especially monarchos, which appeared first in Theognis, monarchia, which appeared first in Alcaeus, and turannos, which appeared first in Alcaeus and not in the Homeric Hymn to Ares, which is more recent. Turannos presents already in Alcaeus a depreciative meaning that issued from polemics. Solon and Archilochus are also considered. The poets criticize less personal power than the power conquered irregularly by people who don’t deserve it and rule with violence.
Le lac Curtius et ses légendes
Authors: Johner Anita
Published: July 2021

The Curtius lake and its legends.

The three principal versions of the etiological legends about the Curtius lake in spite of their differences present similar patterns which correspond to the chthonic character of this part of the forum. Imagination has transformed the marshland of old days, inamabilis place par excellence, into a monument gloryfying the Town.
Ultrafast Hole Deformation Revealed by Molecular Attosecond Interferometry
Authors: Huang Yindong , Zhao Jing , Shu Zheng , Zhu Yalei , Liu Jinlei , Dong Wenpu , Wang Xiaowei , Lü Zhihui , Zhang Dongwen , Yuan Jianmin , Chen Jing , Zhao Zengxiu
Published: July 2021

Understanding the evolution of molecular electronic structures is the key to explore and control photochemical reactions and photobiological processes. Subjected to strong laser fields, electronic holes are formed upon ionization and evolve in the attosecond timescale. It is crucial to probe the electronic dynamics in real time with attosecond-temporal and atomic-spatial precision. Here, we present molecular attosecond interferometry that enables the
in situ
manipulation of holes in carbon dioxide molecules via the interferometry of the phase-locked electrons (propagating in opposite directions) of a laser-triggered rotational wave packet. The joint measurement on high-harmonic and terahertz spectroscopy (HATS) provides a unique tool for understanding electron dynamics from picoseconds to attoseconds. The optimum phases of two-color pulses for controlling the electron wave packet are precisely determined owing to the robust reference provided with the terahertz pulse generation. It is noteworthy that the contribution of HOMO-1 and HOMO-2 increases reflecting the deformation of the hole as the harmonic order increases. Our method can be applied to study hole dynamics of complex molecules and electron correlations during the strong-field process. The threefold control through molecular alignment, laser polarization, and the two-color pulse phase delay allows the precise manipulation of the transient hole paving the way for new advances in attochemistry.
Risk communication and community engagement strategies for COVID-19 in 13 African countries
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Rabe Adrian , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo
Published: July 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat facing health systems globally and African countries are not an exception. Stakeholders, governments, and national authorities have mounted responses to contain the pandemic. This study aimed to catalogue the risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies as well as the challenges facing RCCE in 13 African countries. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of evidence to answer the aim of the study. The search was conducted in March 2021 and evidence published between December 2019 and February 2021 were included. Data reported in this article were obtained from reports, literature in peer-reviewed journals, grey literature and other data sources in 13 African countries. The 13 countries include Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Algeria, Angola, Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The authors also snowball further data to gather information for this review. Results: Most of the priority African countries have RCCE strategies to contain the transmission and spread of the coronavirus. Our findings revealed RCCE strategies in the 13 African countries focused on training and capacity building, risk communication systems, internal and partners’ coordination, community engagement, public communication, contending uncertainty, addressing misperceptions and managing misinformation. However, the RCCE response activities were not without challenges, which included distrust in government, cultural, social, and religious resistance, and inertia among others. Conclusion: With the similar RCCE approaches and interventions seen across the countries, it is clear that countries are learning from each other and from global health organizations to develop COVID-19 RCCE programs. It is important for African countries to address the challenges facing RCCE in order to effectively contain the pandemic and to prepare for future public health emergencies.
Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies from 2010-2020
Authors: Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Clark Cain C. T. , Sharma Rishabh , Chhabra Manik , Vidyasagar Kota , Chattu Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: Several studies assessed the level of knowledge and general public behavior on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in India. However, comprehensive scrutiny of literature is essential for any decision-making process. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India. Methods: A systematic search using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free terms was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to investigate the level of knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS in India population. Cross-sectional studies published in English from January 2010 to November 2020 were included. The identified articles were screened in multiple levels of title, abstract and full-text and final studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved and included in the study. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for cross-sectional studies. Estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each domain were pooled to examine the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India. Results: A total of 47 studies (n= 307 501) were identified, and 43 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 75% (95% CI: 69-80%; I2 = 99.8%), and a higher level of knowledge was observed among female sex workers (FSWs) 89% (95% CI: 77-100%, I2 = 99.5%) than students (77%, 95% CI: 67-87%, I2 = 99.6%) and the general population (70%, 95% CI: 62-79%, I2 = 99.2%), respectively. However, HIV/AIDS attitude was suboptimal (60%, 95% CI: 51-69%, I2 = 99.2%). Students (58%, 95% CI: 38-77%, I2 = 99.7%), people living with HIV/AIDS (57%, 95% CI: 44-71%, I2 = 92.7%), the general population (71%, 95% CI: 62-80%, I2 = 94.5%), and healthcare workers (HCWs) (74%, 95% CI: 63-84%, I2 = 0.0%) had a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS. The methodological quality of included studies was "moderate" according to Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist. Funnel plots are asymmetry and the Egger’s regression test and Begg’s rank test identified risk of publication bias. Conclusion: The level of knowledge was 75%, and 40% had a negative attitude. This information would help formulate appropriate policies by various departments, ministries and educational institutions to incorporate in their training, capacity building and advocacy programs. Improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes among the Indian population remains crucial for the success of India’s HIV/AIDS response.
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Sharma Avinash
Published: July 2021

Background: The burden and impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is not well characterised among Indian population. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of PMS and PMDD among females of reproductive age group living in India. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and IndMed for studies reporting the prevalence of PMS and/ or PMDD from any part of India, published from 2000 up to Aug 2020. We performed random-effects meta-analyses evaluated using I2 statistic, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and assessed study quality. Estimated prevalence along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported for each outcome of interest. The quality of each study was evaluated using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). This review was conducted following the standard of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The protocol was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42020199787). Results: Our search identified 524 citations in total, of which 25 studies (22 reported PMS, and 11 reported PMDD) with 8542 participants were finally included. The pooled prevalence of PMS and PMDD were 43% (95% CI: 0.35-0.50) and 8% (95% CI: 0.60-0.10) respectively. The estimated prevalence of PMS in adolescence was higher and account to be 49.6% (95% CI: 0.40-0.59). The heterogeneity for all the estimates was very high and could be explained through several factors involved within and between studies. Conclusion: This study identified a substantially high prevalence of PMS and PMDD in India. To identify potentially related factors, more focused epidemiological research is warranted. However, noticing the fact of significant prevalence and its potential impact on the population, stakeholders and policymakers need to address this problem at the community and individual level.
Conceptualization of college students’ COVID-19 related mask-wearing behaviors using the Multi-Theory Model of health behavior change
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Sharma Manoj , Simon Kayla E. , Wilkerson Amanda H.
Published: July 2021

Background: Recommendations and policies, regarding the use of face coverings, have been instituted to control transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of psychosocial factors related to the use of face coverings within the context of COVID-19 is needed. This study aimed to conceptualize mask-wearing behavior among students using the Multi-theory Model (MTM) of behavior change. Methods: In October 2020, students (n = 595) enrolled in a large public southeastern US university were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey, using a valid and reliable instrument. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques described mask-wearing behavior and differentiated theoretical drivers of mask-wearing between individuals compliant and non-compliant with guidelines. Results: Compliant individuals reported significantly higher scores (P<0.05) for initiation and sustenance of mask-wearing, participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, emotional transformation, practice for change, changes in the social environment, and significantly lower scores for disadvantage. Among multivariable models, all theoretical predictors exhibited significant relationships to their respective outcomes (initiation and sustenance). Specifically, MTM constructs explained approximately 35% of variance in initiation (R2 = 0.346, F(3,526) = 94.32, P<0.001) and 33% of variance in sustenance of mask wearing (R2 = 0.328, F(3,529) = 87.71, P<0.001) for compliant individuals. Behavioral confidence and emotional transformation exhibited the strongest relationships to initiation (ß = 0.403, P<0.001) and sustenance (ß = 0.450, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest a need to design educational programming based on the MTM to promote mask-wearing behavior among laggards who defy face mask guidelines, recommendations, and mandates.
Association of physical activity on memory interference: Boston Puerto Rican Health Study
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Crawford Lindsay K. , Scott Tammy , Tucker Katherine L.
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between habitual physical activity engagement on memory interference. The present analysis used cross-sectional data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n=1,241; mean age= 57.2; 72.1% female). Methods: Physical activity was evaluated via self-report. Memory interference was evaluated using a word-list paradigm. The memory task included learning a list of 16 words (List A; 5 trials), followed by a distractor list (List B), and then an immediate recall of List A. Proactive interference occurs when preceding stimuli (e.g., Trial 1 and Trial 5 of List A) interferes with performance on a subsequent stimuli (List B). Retroactive interference occurs when subsequent stimuli (List B) interferes with the recall of previously encoded stimuli (Trial 5). Results: For proactive interference, there was no association between physical activity and the difference between performance on List B and Trial 1 of List A (β=0.00001; P=0.96). Similarly, for retroactive interference, there was no association between physical activity and the difference between the short delay recall and Trial 5 of List A (β=0.0002; P=0.50). Conclusion: The present study did not observe an association between habitual physical activity on attenuating memory interference.
The frequency of maxillary sinus pathologic findings in cone-beam computed tomography images of patients candidate for dental implant treatment
Authors: Salari Ashkan , Seyed Monir Seyed Ebrahim , Ostovarrad Farzaneh , Samadnia Amir Hossein , Naser Alavi Fereshteh
Published: July 2021

Background. Maxillary sinus pathologic conditions increase the risk of complications during sinus augmentation surgeries in the posterior maxilla. The present study aimed to determine the frequencies of maxillary sinus pathologic findings on patients’ cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to receive dental implants. Methods. In this descriptive/cross-sectional study, 140 CBCT images of patients who were candidates to receive dental implants were evaluated for the presence of maxillary sinus pathologic entities during 6 months, were divided into five categories: mucosal thickening of >5 mm, retention cyst, partial or complete opacification of the sinus, polypoidal mucosal thickening, and healthy patients. Age, gender, and dental status were evaluated in terms of relationship with the sinus pathologic findings. Absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe data. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the variables. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The frequency of maxillary sinus pathologic entities on CBCT images was 63.5%. The pathologic conditions in descending frequency were as follows: mucosal thickening (31.4%), retention cyst (17.1%), partial or complete opacification of the sinus (9.3%), and polypoidal mucosal thickening (5.7%). The frequency of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus was higher in the <46-year age group and subjects with partial edentulism; however, the differences were not significant. Conclusion. In the present study, the most frequent maxillary sinus pathologic entity was mucosal thickening. There was no relationship between age, sex, and dentition status and maxillary sinus pathologic findings.