bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gram‐negative Bacteria are Associated With Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Lou Jintao , He Wuhui , Cui Bozhen , Wu Fan , Liu Wei , Deng Jingman , Huang Yan , Zhang Zhigang , Si Yu
Published: February 2024

Object

Chronic otitis media (COM) is an inflammatory disease that commonly presents with otorrhea and hearing loss. Bacteria‐induced inflammation can cause inner ear damage, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of SNHL in patients with gram‐negative versus gram‐positive cultures and examine associations between the concentrations of circulating monocytes and neutrophils with bacteria species and SNHL.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Cholesteatoma or chronic suppurative otitis media patients with otorrhea were enrolled. Middle ear secretions were collected using sterile swabs under an otoscope, and sent for bacterial detection within 30 min. Pure tone audiometry and circulating leukocyte counts were recorded and analyzed in patients infected with different pathogens. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with SNHL.

Results

A total of 137 patients were enrolled, including 45 patients infected with gram‐negative bacteria, 41 with gram‐positive bacteria, 20 with polymicrobial infection, and 31 with no bacterial growth. Logistic regression analysis showed that bacterial culture positive infections (OR = 7.265, 95% CI 2.219–23.786, p = 0.001) were an independent risk factor for SNHL. Patients with gram‐negative bacteria had higher risks of SNHL (p < 0.0001) and more severe hearing loss (p = 0.005) than those with gram‐positive bacteria. COM patients infected with gram‐negative bacteria showed an increase in circulating monocytes, which correlated with the occurrence of SNHL (p = 0.0343).

Conclusion

Gram‐negative bacteria are associated with elevated circulating monocyte counts and have a higher risk of severe SNHL.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3335–3341, 2024
Gaze Patterns of Normal and Microtia Ears Pre‐ and Post‐Reconstruction
Authors: Losorelli Steven , Chang Julia K. , Chang Kay W. , Most Sam P. , Truong Mai Thy
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To understand attentional preferences for normal and microtia ears.

Methods

Eye‐tracking technology was used to characterize gaze preferences. A total of 71 participants viewed images of 5 patients with unilateral microtia. Profile images of patient faces and isolated ears including normal, microtia, and post‐reconstruction microtia ears were shown. Total time of fixation in predefined areas of interest (AOI) was measured. Inferential statistics were used to assess significance of fixation differences between AOIs within and between facial or auricular features.

Results

The ear received most visual attention in lateral view of the face (1.91 s, 1.66–2.16 s) [mean, 95% CI], followed by features of the “central triangle”—the eyes (1.26 s, 1.06–1.46), nose (0.48 s, 0.38–0.58), and mouth (0.15 s, 0.15–0.20). In frontal view, microtia ears received less attention following surgical reconstruction (0.74 s vs. 0.4 s, p < 0.001). The concha was the most attended feature for both normal (2.97 s, 2.7–3.23) and reconstructed microtia ears (1.87 s, 1.61–2.13). Scars on reconstructed ears altered the typical visual scanpath.

Conclusion

The ear is an attentional gaze landmark of the face. Attention to microtia ears, both pre‐ and post‐reconstruction, differs from gaze patterns of normal ears. The concha was the most attended to subunit of the ear. Attentional gaze may provide an unbiased method to determine what is important in reconstructive surgery.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:3136–3142, 2024
KFF survey examines depression, anxiety in adolescents
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2024

Although some teens are getting mental health care, a significant share said they do not receive the therapy they need due to costs, fear of what others will think, and/or not knowing how to get help, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) analysis of a new federal survey of teen health.
A segmented periodic slot array leaky‐wave antenna for beamforming applications
Authors: Emara Mohamed K. , Gupta Shulabh
Published: February 2024

A segmented periodic slot array leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) is proposed for beamforming applications. The LWA consists of segments, each with a unique propagation constant achieved through varying periodicity and slot size. By using segments with different propagation constants, the proposed LWA can achieve beamforming such as flat‐top beams and side‐lobe level (SLL) reduction. The LWA is based on a substrate‐integrated waveguide with periodic double transverse slots in the broad wall of the waveguide. The double slots allow for reflection‐canceling to suppress the broadside stopband and hence can achieve beamforming capabilities in the backward, broadside, and forward directions. Full‐wave simulations are used to demonstrate the proposed concept for flat‐top beamforming in the mm‐wave band at 30 GHz. Experimental demonstration is conducted using two prototypes for flat‐top beams and SLL reduction, with good agreement with full‐wave simulations.
Multifocal motor neuropathy as a mimic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Serum neurofilament light chain as a reliable diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Kleinveld Vera E. A. , Keritam Omar , Horlings Corinne G. C. , Cetin Hakan , Wanschitz Julia , Hotter Anna , Zirch Laura S. , Zimprich Fritz , Topakian Raffi , Müller Petra , Oel Dierk , Quasthoff Stefan , Erdler Marcus , Rauschka Helmut , Grinzinger Susanne , Jecel Julia , Gaulhofer Petra , Castek Barbara , Stadler Klaus , Löscher Wolfgang N.
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Aims

The clinical presentation of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) may mimic early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with predominant lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement, posing a diagnostic challenge. Both diseases have specific treatments and prognoses, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) in differentiating MMN from LMN dominant ALS.

Methods

NfL was measured in serum in n = 37 patients with MMN and n = 37 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with LMN dominant ALS, to determine the diagnostic accuracy. Clinical and demographic data were obtained at the time of NfL sampling.

Results

Serum NfL concentration was significantly lower in MMN patients compared to ALS patients (mean 20.7 pg/mL vs. 59.4 pg/mL, p < .01). NfL demonstrated good diagnostic value in discriminating the two groups (AUC 0.985 [95% CI 0.963–1.000], sensitivity 94.6%, specificity 100%, cut‐off 44.00 pg/mL).

Discussion

NfL could be a helpful tool in differentiating MMN from LMN dominant ALS in those patients in whom electrophysiological and clinical examinations remain inconclusive early in the diagnostic process.
A triple‐microstructure hydro‐mechanical constitutive damage model for compacted MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixture
Authors: Yang Jin‐Wen , Cui Yu‐jun , Mokni Nadia , Wang Hao
Published: February 2024

A triple‐microstructure hydro‐mechanical constitutive damage model was proposed to describe the hydro‐mechanical behaviour of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixture, based on the results from a series of suction‐controlled oedometer tests and microstructure observations. Emphasis was put on the pellet damage behaviour. The model parameters were determined essentially based on these results. The model response was firstly verified with the obtained oedometer tests. Then, the results of Molinero‐Guerra et al. and Darde who carried out suction‐controlled oedometer tests and swelling pressure tests on similar bentonite pellet/powder mixture were employed to validate the proposed model. It appeared that the global volume behaviour and the development of swelling pressure with suction of the bentonite mixture could be well reproduced. The model allowed gaining insights into the microstructural evolutions under oedometer loading. The global compression behaviour was governed by the filling of inter‐grain pores at unsaturated state, but by the compression of grains themselves at saturated state. Conversely, when wetted under constant‐volume condition, inter‐grain pores and intra‐grain macro‐pores were closed, by the swelling of intra‐grain micro‐pores. Examination of the water‐retention property showed that water saturated the intra‐grain micro‐pores at suction 19 MPa, and then started filling intra‐grain macro‐pores. When inter‐grain pores and intra‐grain macro‐pores were all closed at suction 0.1 MPa, water finally came back to intra‐grain micro‐pores. On the whole, the hydro‐mechanical behaviour of the bentonite pellet/powder mixture can be well described by the proposed model.
Design sensitivity analysis of modal frequencies of elastic structures submerged in an infinite fluid domain
Authors: Zheng Chang‐Jun , Han Meng‐Wei , Chen Hong‐Yong , Wang Shuai , Bi Chuan‐Xing
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a numerical approach for the design sensitivity analysis of modal frequencies of elastic structures submerged in an unbounded heavy fluid domain. Because the feedback of sound pressure onto the fluid‐loaded structures has to be taken into account in this case, a fully coupled scheme which combines the structural finite element method (FEM) and the acoustic boundary element method (BEM) is employed in the numerical simulation. The resulting nonlinear eigenvalue problem created by the coupled finite element and boundary element (FE‐BE) method is converted into a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEP) of reduced dimension by using a contour integral method. The design sensitivity formulation for non‐repeated eigenvalues is derived based on an adjoint method which uses both the left and right eigenvectors, and a small GEP is formed to calculate the gradients of repeated eigenvalues. The Burton‐Miller formulation is employed to shift the fictitious eigenfrequencies and their derivatives, and the parameter setting which is beneficial to the filtering of fictitious eigenfrequencies is investigated. Numerical examples are given to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed method.
Defect in degradation of glycogenin‐exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes is the fundamental pathomechanism of Pompe disease
Authors: Zhang Na , Liu Fuchen , Zhao Yuying , Sun Xiaohan , Wen Bing , Lu Jian‐qiang , Yan Chuanzhu , Li Duoling
Published: February 2024

Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder that preferentially affects muscles, and it is caused by GAA mutation coding acid alpha‐glucosidase in lysosome and glycophagy deficiency. While the initial pathology of Pompe disease is glycogen accumulation in lysosomes, the special role of the lysosomal pathway in glycogen degradation is not fully understood. Hence, we investigated the characteristics of accumulated glycogen and the mechanism underlying glycophagy disturbance in Pompe disease. Skeletal muscle specimens were obtained from the affected sites of patients and mouse models with Pompe disease. Histological analysis, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence assay, and lysosome isolation were utilized to analyze the characteristics of accumulated glycogen. Cell culture, lentiviral infection, and the CRISPR/Cas9 approach were utilized to investigate the regulation of glycophagy accumulation. We demonstrated residual glycogen, which was distinguishable from mature glycogen by exposed glycogenin and more α‐amylase resistance, accumulated in the skeletal muscle of Pompe disease. Lysosome isolation revealed glycogen‐free glycogenin in wild type mouse lysosomes and variously sized glycogenin in Gaa−/− mouse lysosomes. Our study identified that a defect in the degradation of glycogenin‐exposed residual glycogen in lysosomes was the fundamental pathological mechanism of Pompe disease. Meanwhile, glycogenin‐exposed residual glycogen was absent in other glycogen storage diseases caused by cytoplasmic glycogenolysis deficiencies. In vitro, the generation of residual glycogen resulted from cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. Notably, the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase led to a reduction in glycogenin‐exposed residual glycogen and glycophagy accumulations in cellular models of Pompe disease. Therefore, the lysosomal hydrolysis pathway played a crucial role in the degradation of residual glycogen into glycogenin, which took place in tandem with cytoplasmic glycogenolysis. These findings may offer a novel substrate reduction therapeutic strategy for Pompe disease. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Advancing mechanical performance in sustainable engineering: Synergistic effects of graphene oxide/nano‐silica hybrid nanofiller via latex coagulation in natural rubber composites
Authors: Prajitha Velayudhan , Jibin Keloth Paduvilan , Abitha V. K. , Sisanth Krishnageham Sidharthan , Huskic Miroslav , Meera A. P. , George Jesiya Susan , Thomas Sabu
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the utilization of a hybrid nanofiller comprising graphene oxide (GO) and amine‐modified nano silica in natural rubber matrix via the latex stage coagulation method. The resulting novel composite materials were characterized comprehensively for their static and dynamic mechanical properties. The hybrid nanofiller exhibited excellent dispersion within the rubber latex, facilitating the formation of a well‐interconnected network structure. The formed network resulted in remarkable improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the hybrid filler (GO/nano‐silica hybrid (GO/NS)) could effectively reinforce the rubber matrix by constraining the mobility of rubber chains, leading to increased stiffness and mechanical strength. In fact, the confinement effect of the nanofillers has been carefully evaluated from dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. The increased glass transition temperature of the rubber nanocomposites specifies the restricted segmental mobility of the rubber chains. Moreover, the hybrid composites displayed significantly low rolling resistance, particularly GO/NS 2 (31% reduction), indicating their potential application as tire treads for fuel‐efficient and green tire manufacturing. The mechanical and rolling resistance properties achieved in these composites can be attributed to the efficient dispersion of the GO/nano‐silica hybrid(GO/NS) nanofiller and the resulting network formation within the rubber matrix. Findings emphasized the composites' viability as sustainable and eco‐friendly tire materials, potential for enhanced fuel efficiency, and reduced environmental footprint in tire manufacturing technology.

Highlights

The hybrid nanofiller (GO/nano silica hybrid) exhibited excellent dispersion within the rubber latex, leading to the formation of a well‐interconnected network structure.

The resulting network structure significantly improved the tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of the composite materials.

Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the hybrid filler effectively reinforced the rubber matrix, increasing stiffness and mechanical strength by constraining the mobility of rubber chains.

Our hybrid composites displayed a remarkable reduction in rolling resistance, particularly GO/NS2, with a 31% reduction, indicating their potential application as tire treads for fuel‐efficient and green tire manufacturing.

The study emphasized the composites viability as sustainable and eco‐friendly tire materials, offering potential benefits for enhanced fuel efficiency and reduced environmental footprint in tire manufacturing technology.
3D printing polypropylene composites reinforced with functionalized halloysite: Balance between stiffness and impact resistance
Authors: Patiño‐Almanza Rodrigo , García‐Méndez Rey Fernando , Rivera‐Armenta José Luis , Strachota Adam , Almendarez‐Camarillo Armando
Published: February 2024

In this work, a new nano‐reinforced polypropylene filament was produced and fabricated by 3D printing to create a nanocomposite with a good balance between stiffness and impact resistance properties. Nanocomposite filament with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% of functionalized halloysite nanotubes was prepared. The chemical modification was carried out to obtain a reinforcement that could act as an improved β‐nucleating agent and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The spectrum showed the appearance of two new bands at 1571 and 1410 cm−1, which could indicate an interaction between the pimelic acid molecules and the oxygenated surface of the halloysite nanotubes. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed a good dispersion of the modified reinforcement along the surface of the nanocomposite filament. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed the improvement of the β‐nucleating ability of the halloysite nanotubes through new chemically functionalized, obtaining percentages of β‐crystal of 80% for the nanocomposite reinforced with 0.5 wt%. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the 3D‐printed functionalized nanocomposites presented higher storage and loss modulus (an increase of 148% and 122%, respectively). Finally, the impact strength properties increased by 90%, 108%, and 21% for the functionalized nanocomposites with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%, respectively.

Highlights

Chemical functionalization of a natural reinforcement as a ‐nucleating agent.

3D printing polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced properties.

Good balance between impact and stiffness properties of nanocomposites.
Reduction of mesoporous poly(ether ether ketone) materials, preserving pore size
Authors: Weintraub Sagiv , Gellerman Gary , Bazylevich Andrii , Bikson Ben
Published: February 2024

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an important high‐performance engineering polymer that is used extensively in numerous engineering applications that require chemical, solvent and thermal resistance. These attributes make PEEK attractive for the preparation of porous materials and membranes. Chemical modifications of preformed porous PEEK materials can expand the utilization of PEEK in a range of applications. It is desirable to carry out chemical functionalization without affecting the preformed porous structure or the degree of polymer crystallinity responsible for the sought‐after properties. We report here on the heterogeneous functionalization of preformed mesoporous PEEK materials with hydroxyl groups using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent in a poly(ethylene glycol)/tetrahydrofuran solvent mixture. The pore structure of functionalized materials was characterized, and the degree of modification with functional groups was measured as a function of reaction protocol. The methodology was applied to the preparation of porous PEEK materials in the form of beads and hollow fibers that differed in semicrystalline morphology and pore structure. The degree of surface modification by –OH groups in reduced PEEK (PEEK‐OH) porous materials was determined quantitatively by measuring the carbocation adduct concentration formed upon the dissolution of PEEK‐OH in sulfuric acid using UV–visible spectroscopy. Bis(4‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)methanone was used to optimize the reaction condition protocol. The degree of crystallinity and pore structure of the functionalized articles were largely preserved following modification. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of oral brepocitinib in healthy volunteers and patients with immuno‐inflammatory diseases
Authors: Maleki Farzaneh , Clark Elias , Banfield Christopher , Byon Wonkyung , Nicholas Timothy
Published: February 2024

The objective of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was to characterize the concentration–time profile of brepocitinib plasma concentration after single‐ and multiple‐oral administration in healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with immuno‐inflammatory diseases. Blood samples from phase I HV and phase II clinical studies of patients with alopecia areata, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis (UC), vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach. Effects of patients' characteristics on brepocitinib exposure were investigated. Overall, 8552 brepocitinib plasma concentrations from 775 individuals were included in the analysis. The PKs of brepocitinib were adequately described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and a lag time for tablet formulation, dose‐dependent bioavailability, and Box–Cox transformed interindividual variabilities on apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F). For a typical 70‐kg non‐Asian female patient with baseline aspartate aminotransferase of 22 unit/liter, CL/F and Vc/F estimates were 17.5 L/h and 88.5 L, respectively. Asians had a higher exposure (independent of body weight), caused by a 10% lower CL/F when compared to other individuals. Independent of baseline body weight, the male population showed 13% higher Vc/F compared to the female population. Patients with UC were predicted to have 46% slower absorption rate compared to other individuals. The PKs of brepocitinib were well‐characterized by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and dose‐dependent bioavailability. Several covariates, such as race and sex, were identified to have statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, effects on the estimated PK parameters.
Evaluating the Practical Efficiency Limit of Silicon Heterojunction–Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells by Creating Digital Twins of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Amorphous Silicon and Nanocrystalline Silicon Hole Contact Layers
Authors: Sun Zhaoqing , Kang Qian , Li Jingjie , Zhou Shenghou , Fang Liang , Xu Xixiang , Wu Shuai , Zheng Zilong , Chen Xiaoqing , Yan Hui , Yao Haiyun , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: February 2024

Improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) in photovoltaics has driven innovative approaches in solar cell design and technology. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells exhibit advantages in PCE due to their effective passivating contact structures. SHJ–interdigitated back contact (SHJ–IBC) solar cells have the potential to surpass traditional SHJ cells, attributed to their advantage in short‐circuit current (JSC). Herein, Silvaco Atlas technology computer‐aided design is used to create digital twins of high‐efficiency SHJ solar cells with amorphous silicon and nanocrystalline silicon hole selective contact (HSC) layers. Using parameters from digital twins of SHJ solar cells, the practical efficiency limit of SHJ–IBC solar cells is assessed. The results show that SHJ–IBC cells can achieve potential efficiencies of 27.01% with amorphous HSC and 27.38% with nanocrystalline HSC. Further efficiency augmentation to 27.51% can be achieved by narrowing the gap from 80 to 20 μm. This study not only advances comprehension of SHJ–IBC solar cells but also provides insights into optimizing geometrical configurations for improved performance. The utilization of digital twins provides a valuable tool for predicting and evaluating the performance of SHJ–IBC solar cells, contributing substantively to the ongoing development of high‐efficiency photovoltaic technology.
Stability Enhancement in All‐Inorganic Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes via Dual Encapsulation
Authors: Shi Jindou , Wang Zeyu , Gaponenko Nikolai V. , Da Zheyuan , Zhang Chen , Wang Junnan , Ji Yongqiang , Ding Yusong , Yao Qing , Xu Youlong , Wang Minqiang
Published: February 2024

Addressing the challenge of lighting stability in perovskite white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) is crucial for their commercial viability. CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I, or mixed) nanocrystals (NCs) are promising for next‐generation lighting due to their superior optical and electronic properties. However, the inherent soft material structure of CsPbX3 NCs is particularly susceptible to the elevated temperatures associated with prolonged WLED operation. Additionally, these NCs face stability challenges in high humidity environments, leading to reduced lighting performance. This study introduces a two‐step dual encapsulation method, resulting in CsPbBr3@SiO2/Al2SiO5 composite fibers (CFs) with enhanced optical stability under extreme conditions. In testing, WLEDs incorporating these CFs, even under prolonged operation at high power (100 mA for 9 h), maintain consistent electroluminescence (EL) intensity and optoelectronic parameters, with surface temperatures reaching 84.2 °C. Crucially, when subjected to 85 °C and 85% relative humidity for 200 h, the WLEDs preserve 97% of their initial fluorescence efficiency. These findings underscore the efficacy of the dual encapsulation strategy in significantly improving perovskite material stability, marking a significant step toward their commercial application in optoelectronic lighting.
Intestinal Colonized Silkworm Chrysalis‐Like Probiotic Composites for Multi‐Crossed Comprehensive Synergistic Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhang Yujie , Wang Pengqian , Han Jing , Zhang Xiaojiang , Shi Feiyu , Zhang Zhe , Guo Gang , Wang Ruochen , Shao Dan , Wu Daocheng , She Junjun
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the timely emergence of silkworm pupae from their cocoons, silkworm chrysalis‐like probiotic composites (SCPCs) are developed for the comprehensive therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which probiotics are enveloped as the “pupa” in a sequential layering of silk sericin (SS), tannic acid (TA), and polydopamine, akin to the protective “cocoon”. Compared to unwrapped probiotics, these composites not only demonstrate exceptional resistance to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and exhibit over 200 times greater intestinal colonization but also safeguard probiotics from the damage of IBD environment while enabling probiotics sustained release. The probiotics, in synergy with SS and TA, provide a multi‐crossed comprehensive therapy for IBD that simultaneously addresses various pathological features of IBD, including intestinal barrier disruption, elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, heightened oxidative stress, and disturbances in the intestinal microbiota. SCPCs exhibit remarkable outcomes, including a 9.7‐fold reduction in intestinal permeability, an 8.9‐fold decrease in IL‐6 levels, and a 2.9‐fold reduction in TNF‐α levels compared to uncoated probiotics. Furthermore, SCPCs demonstrate an impressive 92.25% reactive oxygen species clearance rate, significantly enhance the richness of beneficial intestinal probiotics, and effectively diminish the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, indicating a substantial improvement in the overall therapeutic effect of IBD.
Low‐Resistance LiFePO4Thick Film Electrode Processed with Dry Electrode Technology for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kwon Kihwan , Kim Jiwoon , Han Seungmin , Lee Joohyun , Lee Hyungjun , Kwon Jiseok , Lee Jungwoo , Seo Jihoon , Kim Patrick Joohyun , Song Taeseup , Choi Junghyun
Published: February 2024

LiFePO4emerges as a viable alternative to cobalt‐containing cathodes, such as Li[Ni1–x–yMnxCoy]O2and Li[Ni1−x−yCoxAly]O2. As Fe is abundant in nature, LiFePO4is a low‐cost material. Moreover, stable structure of LiFePO4imparts long service life and thermal stability. However, the practical implementation of LiFePO4cathode in energy storage devices is impeded by its low energy density and high ionic/electrical resistance. Herein, the LiFePO4electrode with high active material loading and low ionic/electrical resistance through the dry process is reported for the first time. The dry process not only enables the uniform distribution of the polymeric binders and conductive additives within the thick electrode but also inhibits the formation of cracks. Furthermore, the bridge‐like connection of polytetrafluoroethylene facilitates the insertion and extraction of Li ions to the LiFePO4crystal. Hence, the dry‐processed LiFePO4electrode with high areal capacity (7.8 mAh cm−2) exhibits excellent cycle stability over 300 cycles in full‐cell operation. In addition, it is demonstrated that the estimated energy density of prismatic cell with the dry‐processed LiFePO4electrode is competitive with state‐of‐the‐art Li[Ni1–x–yMnxCoy]O2‐based battery.
Discovering T-dualities of little string theories
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We describe a general method for deducing T-dualities of little string theories, which are dualities between these theories that arise when they are compactified on circle. The method works for both untwisted and twisted circle compactifications of little string theories and is based on surface geometries associated to these circle compactifications. The surface geometries describe information about Calabi-Yau threefolds on which M-theory can be compactified to construct the corresponding circle compactified little string theories. Using this method, we deduce at least one T-dual, and in some cases multiple T-duals, for untwisted and twisted circle compactifications of most of the little string theories that can be described on their tensor branches in terms of a 6d supersymmetric gauge theory with a simple non-abelian gauge group, which are also known as rank-0 little string theories. This includes little string theories carrying $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supersymmetries. For many, but not all, circle compactifications of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) little string theories, we have T-dualities that realize Langlands dualities between affine Lie algebras. Along the way, we find another discrete theta angle distinct from 0 and π for an E-string node.
Sozialpädiatrische Versorgungssituation und -bedarfe in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 bis 2022. Was wird jetzt gebraucht?
Authors: Peters Elke , Schmidt Hannah , Baltus Hannah , Schnoor Maike , Hartmann Nina , Katalinic Alexander
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Kinder und Jugendliche mit sozialpädiatrischen Versorgungsbedarfen stellen eine Gruppe mit besonderen Herausforderungen dar. Ziel der qualitativen Studie war, die sozialpädiatrische Versorgung in der Pandemie aus Expert*innensicht zu beschreiben. Hieraus sollten Rückschlüsse für möglicherweise entstandene sozialpädiatrische Versorgungsbedarfe abgeleitet werden.

Methoden

Es wurden 25 Expert*innen aus dem sozialpädiatrischen Bereich von Mai bis November 2022 mit leitfadengestützten Interviews zu folgenden Themen befragt: Abweichungen der Versorgung, Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von Familien, individuelle Belastungen und Ressourcen sowie nachhaltige Bedarfe. Die Interviews wurden von 2 wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitenden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Temporär zeigte sich ein deutlich eingeschränktes sozialpädiatrisches Versorgungsangebot. Während bereits vor der Pandemie gut eingebundene Familien ausreichend mithilfe von Telefon‑/Videokontakten betreut werden konnten, wurde eine Dunkelziffer von Risikogruppen z. B. mit geringer Handlungskompetenz beschrieben, welche Leistungen nicht oder verzögert in Anspruch nahmen. Beobachtet wurden Versorgungsbedarfe für neu entwickelte psychische Auffälligkeiten und Therapierückschritte aufgrund eingeschränkter Fördermöglichkeiten sowie ein Nachholbedarf verpasster Möglichkeiten der Frühförderung bei Entwicklungsstörungen.

Diskussion

Um entstandene Versorgungsbedarfe zu decken, sollten zielgerichtet unterversorgte Familien identifiziert und zeitnah unter Berücksichtigung individueller Merkmale versorgt werden. Hierzu könnten z. B. vermehrt aufsuchende Versorgungsangebote etabliert werden, die unbürokratisch bei betroffenen Familien ankommen.
Thermo-physical Characterisation of Plasters Containing Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
Authors: Baccega Eleonora
Published: February 2024

The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) within building materials is an interesting strategy to improve the thermal performance of buildings, thus reducing the energy demand for heating and/or cooling. To do so, the thermo-physical characterisation of the new enhanced materials is of outmost importance which, however, is difficult to carry out due to several limitations related to the most used techniques. To overcome these, a new alternative set up was realized, which allowed the thermo-physical characterization of different plaster samples enhanced with granular organic PCM. A steady-state test was conducted maintaining constant thermal gradients through which the thermal conductivity of the materials used was estimated. Then, a two-step ramp unsteady-state test was conducted through which the specific heat and the latent heat were estimated, showing a good agreement with values provided by the PCM suppliers. The estimated properties were then validated against experimental data acquired during the monitoring activity under real outdoor conditions of different wall samples on which the PCM-enhanced plasters were applied. With the estimated properties, RMSE values were lower than 1 °C for temperatures and lower than 2.50 W·m−2 for heat fluxes.
Should Decisions in QCDCL Follow Prefix Order?
Authors: Böhm Benjamin , Peitl Tomáš , Beyersdorff Olaf
Published: February 2024

Quantified conflict-driven clause learning (QCDCL) is one of the main solving approaches for quantified Boolean formulas (QBF). One of the differences between QCDCL and propositional CDCL is that QCDCL typically follows the prefix order of the QBF for making decisions. We investigate an alternative model for QCDCL solving where decisions can be made in arbitrary order. The resulting system$$\textsf{QCDCL}^\textsf {{A\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ny}}}}$$QCDCLANYis still sound and terminating, but does not necessarily allow to always learn asserting clauses or cubes. To address this potential drawback, we additionally introduce two subsystems that guarantee to always learn asserting clauses ($$\textsf{QCDCL}^\textsf {{U\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ni}}-A\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ny}}}}$$QCDCLUNI-ANY) and asserting cubes ($$\textsf{QCDCL}^\textsf {{E\tiny {\MakeUppercase {xi}}-A\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ny}}}}$$QCDCLEXI-ANY), respectively. We model all four approaches by formal proof systems and show that$$\textsf{QCDCL}^\textsf {{U\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ni}}-A\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ny}}}}$$QCDCLUNI-ANYis exponentially better than$$\mathsf{{QCDCL}} $$QCDCLon false formulas, whereas$$\textsf{QCDCL}^\textsf {{E\tiny {\MakeUppercase {xi}}-A\tiny {\MakeUppercase {ny}}}}$$QCDCLEXI-ANYis exponentially better than$$\mathsf{{QCDCL}} $$QCDCLon true QBFs. Technically, this involves constructing specific QBF families and showing lower and upper bounds in the respective proof systems. We complement our theoretical study with some initial experiments that confirm our theoretical findings.
Differences in Antenatal Care Policies in England, Finland, and the Netherlands: A Framing analysis
Authors: Wierenga Hanna , Målqvist Mats
Published: February 2024

Background and Purpose

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that good quality antenatal care should strive for both mother and child achieving their best possible health. On a policy level, in Europe these goals are reached with varying approaches. This research offers a fresh look on the underlying assumptions embedded in the ANC policies in three European countries.

Methods

A framing analysis was conducted to publicly available ANC policies on uncomplicated pregnancies in Finland, England, and the Netherlands. Analysis was guided by van Hulst and Yanowa and included the following phases: a) Sense-making, b) Selecting, naming, and categorizing and c) Storytelling.

Main Findings

Findings of this study demonstrate how ANC is organized with distinct frames. The Finnish ANC policies emphasized equity in care and instead of focusing on women, the ANC focused on the family. In England the pregnant woman was central, and it is seen as her responsibility to understand the ANC protocols. The ANC in the Netherlands focused on the pregnant woman’s pregnancy experience and freedom.

Conclusion

The three studied countries had individual priorities and values guiding ANC provision. Despite each country being in line with the WHO ANC recommendations, areas requiring improvement should not be overlooked.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the three Iberian vipers, Vipera aspis, V. latastei and V. seoanei by Illumina MiSeq sequencing
Authors: Freitas Inês , Velo-Antón Guillermo , Lopes Susana , Muñoz-Merida Antonio , Martínez-Freiría Fernando
Published: February 2024

Background

European vipers (genus Vipera) are a well-studied taxonomic group, but the low resolution of nuclear sanger-sequenced regions has precluded thorough studies at systematic, ecological, evolutionary and conservation levels. In this study, we developed novel microsatellite markers for the three Iberian vipers, Vipera aspis, V. latastei and V. seoanei, and assessed their polymorphism in north-central Iberian populations.

Methods and results

Genomic libraries were developed for each species using an Illumina Miseq sequencing approach. From the 70 primer pairs initially tested, 48 amplified reliably and were polymorphic within species. Cross-species transferability was achieved for 31 microsatellites loci in the three target species and four additional loci that were transferable to one species only. The 48 loci amplified in average seven alleles, and detected average expected and observed heterozygosities of 0.7 and 0.55, in the three genotyped populations/species (26 V. aspis, 20 V. latastei and 10 V. seoanei).

Conclusions

Our study provides a selection of 48 polymorphic microsatellite markers that will contribute significantly to current knowledge on genetic diversity, gene flow, population structure, demographic dynamics, systematics, reproduction and heritability in these species, and potentially in other congeneric taxa.
The Effect of Carbon Structure of DLC Coatings on Friction Characteristics of MoDTC-Derived Tribofilm by Using an In Situ Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Hashizume Naoya , Yamamoto Yusei , Chen Cheng , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Zhang Ruixi , Diao Dongfeng , Umehara Noritsugu
Published: February 2024

In this study, six types of DLC coatings were prepared, featuring different carbon structures (including amorphous ta-C coatings and GNC coatings with nanocrystallites) and different doped Ta amounts, to investigate friction characteristics. The results of friction tests with MoDTC-added lubricant revealed a consistent trend: DLC coatings with a higher ID/IG ratio exhibited lower friction coefficients. In addition, in situ observations using reflectance spectroscopy highlighted that the tribofilm formed on DLC coatings with a higher ID/IG ratio maintained a higher $${{\text{MoS}}}_{2}/({{\text{MoS}}}_{2}+{{\text{MoO}}}_{3})$$

MoS
2

/

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2

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3

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ratio, which exhibited a strong correlation with the friction coefficient. Measurements of a work function of each DLC coating indicated that those with a higher ID/IG ratio had a higher work function, suggesting the inclusion of a larger amount of graphite structure defects. These active defects in the graphite structure were deemed responsible for enhancing the friction reduction effect of MoDTC. The outcomes of this study propose a material design approach for DLC coatings that amplifies the effectiveness of lubricant additives in friction reduction.

Graphical abstract
Study of secondary dentine deposition in central incisors as an age estimation method for adults
Authors: Marques-Moura S. , Caldas I. M.
Published: February 2024

This work aimed to assess the pulp/tooth area ratio’s utility in the upper central incisors using orthopantomograms. A convenience sample of 801 adult patient orthopantomograms was studied. Image J® software was used to measure the pulp/tooth area ratio, and a regression model was developed. Our results conclude that the methodology assessing upper incisors’ pulp/tooth area ratio using orthopantomograms can lead to age overestimation and statistically significant differences between chronological and estimated age. For those over 50, no correlation between pulp/tooth area ratio and chronological age was found, suggesting that this may be the upper limit of this technique in this population. This methodology may not be suitable for age estimation, particularly in older adults.
Safety profile of trastuzumab deruxtecan in advanced breast cancer: Expert opinion on adverse event management
Authors: Ciruelos Eva , García-Sáenz Jose Ángel , Gavilá Joaquín , Martín Miguel , Rodríguez César A. , Rodríguez-Lescure Álvaro
Published: February 2024

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and has shown promising results in the treatment of advanced/metastatic breast cancer. The objective of this report is to provide guidance on the prophylaxis, monitoring, and management of adverse events (AEs) in patients with breast cancer treated with T-DXd, and to emphasize that proper management of AEs is needed to optimize the effectiveness of T-DXd treatment and reduce the number of discontinuations. The article covers various aspects of T-DXd treatment, including its clinical efficacy, safety profile, and dosing considerations, and provides practical recommendations for managing AEs, such as nausea/vomiting, interstitial lung disease, and hematologic toxicity. Although there are still many knowledge gaps about the cause and incidence of AEs in real-world patients, this document may serve as a valuable resource for clinicians who are involved in the care of breast cancer patients receiving T-DXd treatment.
Cerebellar Heterotopia: Broadening the Neuroradiological Spectrum of KBG Syndrome
Authors: Carrara Adelaide , Mangiarotti Camilla , Pasca Ludovica , Politano Davide , Abrusco Fulvio D.’ , Barbero Veronica Carmen , Carpani Adriana , Borgatti Renato , Pichiecchio Anna , Valente Enza Maria , Romaniello Romina
Published: February 2024

KBG syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in ANKRD11. Affected individuals have developmental delay, short stature, characteristic facial features, and other dysmorphic findings. To date, a spectrum of unspecific neuroradiological defects has been reported in KBG patients, such as cortical defects, white matter abnormalities, corpus callosum, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia.

Deep clinical and neuroradiological phenotyping and genotype of a patient presenting with mild cognitive and behavioral problems were obtained after written informed consent.

We herein describe the first KBG patient presenting with cerebellar heterotopia, a heterogeneous malformation characterized by the presence of clusters of neurons within the white matter of cerebellar hemispheres.

This novel association broadens the neuroradiological spectrum of KBG syndrome, and further prompts to investigate the potential functions of ANKRD11 in cerebellar development.
Purification of lipid oil using ion exchange resins
Authors: Selimi Jon , Langschwager Fanny , Tunå Per , Hulteberg Christian P. , Abdelaziz Omar Y.
Published: February 2024

Oil upgrading technologies for fuel production from second-generation feedstocks require pretreatments, such as the removal of ash metals in crude oil, to improve the catalytic performance in the process. The aim of this work was to purify lipid crude oil, derived from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), from calcium by dry washing using ion exchange resins. Commercially available ion exchange resins suitable for organic liquids, namely GF 202 and Amberlyst 15DRY (AL 15), were selected for the purification experiments. The lipid material dissolved in nonanoic acid in different concentrations of mixtures was passed through a resin-filled plug-flow reactor at 50 °C and 75 °C with a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 4 h−1. The oil samples were analyzed for calcium using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, while the resin surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. AL 15 showed a better overall performance and led to a case where over 99% of calcium was removed.

Graphical abstract
Quality of life, household income, and dietary habits are associated with the risk of sarcopenia among the Chinese elderly
Authors: Wan Hua , Hu Yan-Hui , Li Wei-Peng , Wang Quan , Su Hong , Chenshu Jun-Yan , Lu Xiang , Gao Wei
Published: February 2024

Background

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which can be influenced by various aspects, especially socioeconomic status and lifestyle, has been identified as an important predictor of the prognosis of older adults. Dietary habit, a major part of lifestyle, can affect the nutritional status, which is closely correlated with the development of geriatric syndromes in the elderly.

Aims

The aim of the study was to examine the association of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk and severity of sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function.

Methods

A cross-sectional retrospective study with 2877 participants aged ≥65 years was performed. HRQoL was assessed using EuroQoL Five Dimensions questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was assessed by the educational attainment, occupation, and household income. Lifestyle was assessed using 12 items closely related to Chinese living habits. The information of daily dietary habits including tea, alcohol, type of diet, and volume of drinking water were collected. The associations of HRQoL, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with the risk of sarcopenia were examined by multivariate regression logistical analysis. The potential causal role of age, body mass index, and waist circumference in the effect of HRQoL on sarcopenia risk was analyzed by causal mediation analysis.

Results

High HRQoL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.69–0.95, P=0.034] and household income levels (adjusted OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.57–0.95, P=0.019) were inversely associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Meanwhile, more consumption of spicy food (adjusted OR =1.34, 95% CI =1.09–1.81, P =0.037) and occasionally drinking (adjusted OR =1.46, 95% CI =1.07–2.00, P =0.016, as compared to those never drinking) were associated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally (adjusted OR =0.37, 95% CI =0.21–0.64, P <0.001, as compared to those eating breakfast every day) and less consumption of salt (adjusted OR =0.71, 95% CI =0.52–0.96, P =0.026, as compared to those consuming high amount of salt) were associated with lower risk of sarcopenia. Further causal mediation analysis aimed to explore how much age, body mass index, and waist circumference might explain the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia showed that the estimated proportion that mediated the effect of HRQoL on the risk of sarcopenia by age was 28.0%.

Conclusions

In summary, our findings demonstrate that low levels of HRQoL and household income, more intake of salt and spicy food, and occasional intake of alcohol are correlated with higher risk of sarcopenia, while skipping breakfast occasionally is associated with lower risk of sarcopenia in a Chinese population of older adults.