bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Εξ αποστάσεως επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη εκπαιδευτικών και χρήση του παραγόμενου εκπαιδευτικού υλικού στη σχολική εκπαίδευση
Authors: Τζοβλά Ειρήνη
Published: June 2017

Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο αφορά στη διαδικτυακή κοινότητα εκπαιδευτικών «Διάλογος» του Κέντρου Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, το οποίο αξιοποιώντας τα πλεονεκτήματα της εξ αποστάσεως διαδικτυακής εκπαίδευσης και της Εκπαιδευτικής Τεχνολογίας παρήγαγε σημαντικό αριθμό εκπαιδευτικών σεναρίων, τα οποία διατίθενται στην εκπαιδευτική κοινότητα ως ανοικτή πηγή εκπαίδευσης. Ένα μικρό δείγμα του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού που παρήχθηκε στο παραπάνω πλαίσιο παρουσιάζεται στο παρόν άρθρο και αφορά στην εφαρμογή στην πράξη ενός τέτοιου σεναρίου για τη Γλώσσα της Α΄ Δημοτικού. Στόχος του σεναρίου ήταν η δημιουργική ένταξη των ΤΠΕ στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία, η ανάδειξη της προστιθεμένης αξίας τους, η ανάπτυξη νέων γραμματισμών και η καλλιέργεια του κριτικού γραμματισμού. Η πρόταση λειτούργησε συμπληρωματικά προς τους παραδοσιακούς γραμματισμούς και επέκτεινε τις δραστηριότητες του σχολικού εγχειριδίου σπάζοντας το μονοδιάστατο και γραμμικό χαρακτήρα του, αναδεικνύοντας το διαθεματικό και διεπιστημονικό πλαίσιο των Νέων Προγραμμάτων Σπουδών, ενισχύοντας τις συμμετοχικές και ανακαλυπτικές μεθόδους και εφαρμόζοντας την ομαδοσυνεργατική μάθηση.
Conventional NK cells and ILC1 are partially ablated in the livers of Ncr1iCreTbx21fl/fl mice
Authors: Cuff Antonia O. , Male Victoria
Published: June 2017

Mouse liver contains both Eomes-dependent conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and Tbet-dependent liver-resident type I innate lymphoid cells (ILC1). In order to better understand the role of ILC1, we attempted to generate mice that would lack liver ILC1, while retaining cNK, by conditional deletion of Tbet in NKp46+ cells. Here we report that the Ncr1iCreTbx21fl/fl mouse has a roughly equivalent reduction in both the cNK and ILC1 compartments of the liver, limiting its utility for investigating the relative contributions of these two cell types in disease models. We also describe the phenotype of these mice with respect to NK cells, ILC1 and NKp46+ ILC3 in the spleen and small intestine lamina propria.
Udvariasság/Udvariatlanság és (in)direktség az egyet nem értés beszédaktusában
Authors: Koczogh Helga Vanda
Published: June 2017

Tanulmányomban egy, a magyar egyet nem értést és a nyelvi udvariasságot/udvariatlanságot vizsgáló empirikus kutatás eredményeit mutatom be. Vizsgálatom fókuszában az alábbi két kutatási kérdés állt: (1) Hogyan értelmezik a nyelvi udvariasság/udvariatlanság fogalmát a magyar nyelvhasználók, azaz miként határozható meg az „elsődleges udvariasság/udvariatlanság”? (2) Hogyan befolyásolja az egyet nem értés kifejezésének in/direktsége az adott megnyilatkozás megítélését az udvariasság szempontjából? Kutatásomat három kérdőív segítségével végeztem 93 magyar egyetemi hallgató megkérdezésével. Az udvariasság/udvariatlanság fogalomértelmezését egy szabad és egy kötött asszociációs feladattal végeztem, a második kutatási kérdésre pedig egy Likert-skálán mért attitűd teszttel kerestem a választ. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a kutatás adatközlői a nyelvi udvariasságot/udvariatlanságot elsősorban a tiszteletadással, a konvencionálisan udvarias nyelvi elemek és a káromkodás használatával/mellőzésével, az interakciós normák betartásával/megszegésével, illetve a megfelelő/nem megfelelő regiszter alkalmazásával azonosították. Összességében elmondható, hogy a direkt stratégiákkal kifejezett egyet nem értést a kutatás résztvevői udvariatlanabbnak ítélték meg, mint az indirekt egyet nem értési formákat, azonban nem jelenthető ki, hogy egységes lenne az udvariasság/udvariatlanság fokának a megítélése egy adott kategórián vagy stratégiatípuson belül.
Adalék a kérés pragmatikájához – egy 16. századi magánlevél kapcsán
Authors: Hegedűs Attila
Published: June 2017

A rövid tanulmányban egy 16. századi magánlevélben megfogalmazott kérést elemzek a történeti szociopragmatika szemszögéből. A kérés pragmatikájának általánosabb áttekintése után a szövegvizsgálat szempontjait mutatom be, kitérve az eddigi gyakorlat kritikai ismertetésére. Az adott kor levelezésének ismerete a korban használt formulák értékelését is befolyásolja, továbbá hangsúlyt kap a levelezésben részt vevők társadalmi és rokoni kapcsolatának bemutatása is. A vizsgálat alapján nyilvánvalóvá válik, hogy a kérés megfogalmazása, a felhasznált nyelvi elemek és az alkalmazott eljárásmódok lényegében nem térnek el a ma is élő gyakorlattól, csupán az érvelő technika 16. századi élőbeszédbeli megjelenése tűnik mai szemmel redundánsnak. A kor viszonyainak ismerete (az adósság visszafizetése, illetőleg a hitelbe adott javak visszaszerzésének gyakorlata) alapján azonban a mai ember számára túlzsúfoltnak, redundáns ismétlésnek tűnő frázisok szerepének valós értékelése válik lehetővé.
Az eszköz–alany váltakozás lexikai pragmatikai keretben
Authors: Bibok Károly
Published: June 2017

Az eszköz–alany alternáció olyan, több nyelvben is megfigyelhető jelenség, amikor az ige eszköz thematikus szerepű szemantikai argumentuma szintaktikailag nemcsak határozóként fejeződhet ki, hanem alanyként is – az ágensi alany helyébe lépve. A jelen tanulmány a váltakozás olyan lexikai pragmatikai magyarázatát vázolja magyar példákat használva, amely a következő előnyös tulajdonságokkal jellemezhető. Először, az okozás különböző fogalmainak megkülönböztetésével és köztük egy pragmatikai orientáltságú gyengébb okozás (Koenig et al. 2008: 214) bevezetésével biztosabb alapon határozhatjuk meg, melyik ige vesz részt az adott alternációban és melyik nem. Másod¬szor, a szintaktikai alternációk nem pusztán lexikai jelenségek (szemben a lexikai megközelítéssel), nem is csupán konstrukcionálisak (szemben a konstrukciós megközelítéssel), hanem legmegfelelőbben a lexikai-konstrukciós keretben (Bibok 2008) értelmezhetők. Ez a keret természetes módon illeszkedik a lexikai pragmatikába (Bibok 2010).
Effects of selenium in patients with Graves’ disease treated with antithyroid drugs
Authors: Shabalina Elena A. , Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: June 2017

Несмотря на противоречивые результаты недавно проведенных исследований селена (Se) при болезни Грейвса (БГ), адъювантная роль микроэлемента при данном заболевании продолжает исследоваться.
Целью данной работы являлось изучение эффектов селенметионина в составе консервативной терапии БГ.
Методы. В исследование были включены 28 пациенток в возрасте от 19 до 52 лет с впервые выявленной БГ легкого или среднетяжелого течения, которым планировалось проведение тиреостатической терапии в течение 12 мес. Пациентки были рандомизированы в две группы терапии: 1) тиреостатическая терапия + Se (200 мкг); 2) тиреостатическая терапия. Исходно и каждые 3 мес наблюдения оценивались показатели: ТТГ, св.Т4, св.Т3, АТ-ТПО и АТ-рТТГ, также проводилось УЗИ щитовидной железы (ЩЖ), оценивались объем и эхогенностьпаренхимы ЩЖ. Период наблюдения составил 18 мес (12 мес терапии, 6 мес наблюдения после отмены тиреостатической терапии, Se отменялся после 15 мес наблюдения).
Результаты. В нашем исследовании не получено статистически значимых отличий между группами терапии БГ по скорости достижения эутиреоза, динамике показателей АТ-рТТГ и АТ-ТПО в течение всего периода наблюдения, частоте развития рецидива заболевания в течение 6 мес после отмены терапии.
Выводы. Согласно данным нашего исследования, применение Se в фармакологических дозах (200 мкг в сутки) в рамках комплексной терапии БГ в течение 12 мес не приводило к статистически значимому эффекту в отношении клинических исходов БГ, а также не сопровождалось положительным “аутоиммунным” эффектом.
Discipline and Murder: Panoptic Pedagogy and the Aesthetics of Detection in J.G. Ballard’s Running Wild
Authors: Macsiniuc Cornelia
Published: June 2017

My essay proposes a reading of J.G. Ballard’s 1988 novella Running Wild as a cautionary crime story, a parable about the self-fulfilling prophecies of contemporary urban fears and about the “prisons” they create in a consumerist, technology- and media-dominated civilization. Interpreted in the light of Foucault’s concept of panopticism, Ballard’s gated community as a crime setting reveals how a disciplinary pedagogy meant to obtain “docile bodies,” masked under the socially elitist comfort of affluence and parental care, “brands” the inmate-children as potential delinquents and ultimately drives them to an act of “mass tyrannicide.” Ballard uses the murder story as a vehicle for the exploration of the paradoxical effects of a regime of total surveillance and of mediated presence, which, while expected to make “murder mystery” impossible, allows for the precession of the representation to the real (crime). The essay also highlights the way in which Ballard both cites and subverts some of the conventions of the Golden Age detective fiction, mainly by his rejection of the latter’s escapist ethos and by the liminal character of his investigator, at once part of a normalizing panoptic apparatus and eccentric to it, a “poetic figure” (Chesterton) relying on imagination and “aestheticizing” the routines of the detection process.
“I Stand Out Like a Raven”: Depicting the Female Detective and Tudor History in Nancy Bilyeau’s The Crown
Authors: Beyer Charlotte
Published: June 2017

This article examines the portrayal of female identity and crime in the Tudor period in Nancy Bilyeau’s contemporary historical crime fiction novel, The Crown (2012). Featuring a female detective figure, Joanna Stafford, Bilyeau’s novel forms part of the wealth of contemporary fiction using Tudor history as context, reflecting a continued interest in and fascination with this period and its prominent figures. This article examines Bilyeau’s representation of the Tudor period in The Crown through the depiction of English society and culture from a contemporary perspective, employing genre fiction in order to highlight issues of criminality. My investigation of The Crown as crime fiction specifically involves analysing gender-political questions and their portrayal within the novel and its tumultuous historical context. This investigation furthermore explores the depiction of agency, individuality, religion, and politics. The article concludes that Bilyeau’s suspense-filled novel provides an imaginative representation of Tudor history through the prism of the crime fiction genre. Central to this project is its employment of a resourceful and complex female detective figure at the heart of the narrative.
What Big Teeth She Has
Authors: McLennan Ella
Published: June 2017

Myra Hindley is one of the most notorious female murderers in the world. This poem explores the ways in which Hindley has been, and continues to be mythologised by society. It examines the mythical women that have been compared to her, and attempts to demonstrate how dangerous it is to compare real people to fictional characters. The poem discusses how the press depicts murderers and the affect this has on the world. Using examples such as Dracula, the poem also reflects on how facts lose truth over time, and how many stories about real people have become mythologised whether this was intentional or not.
True Crime
Authors: Beyer Charlotte
Published: June 2017

This poem is a creative response to contemporary true crime narratives about baby farming in Victorian times, namely Alison Rattle and Allison Vale’s The Woman Who Murdered Babies for Money: The Story of Amelia Dyer (London: André Deutsch, 2011); and the TV documentary, “Amelia Dyer: Martina Cole’s Lady Killers.”
The Impact of Sport on the Overall Standard of Satisfaction of Students with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Bergendiová Flóra , Čierna Dušana
Published: June 2017

Life satisfaction is the main goal that people try to achieve in their lives. This study aims to broaden the knowledge of overall life satisfaction of physically handicapped students performing sports. The Satisfaction with Life scale was used to assess the overall life satisfaction SWLS and Emotional Habitual Subjective Well-Being questionnaire SEHP. The research sample consisted of 25 physically handicapped students. Based on their performance in physical education and sport they were divided into 2 groups: regularly active in sports (36 %) and occasionally active in sports (64 %). The results showed at an interesting fact, 66 % of regularly active students in sports with a physical handicap were found on the high level of life satisfaction (44 %) and extremely high level of life satisfaction (22.2 %), comparing to occasionally active students in sports, who supported only 18.8 % of the particular category. 12.5 % of occasionally active students in sports feel physical vigour, mainly after coming from physiotherapy and after getting enough sleep. Regularly active peers in sports feel physical vigour while performing physical education and sports or after finishing the activity. His spare time is devoted to fitness activities, swimming, table tennis and shooting.
Influence of Plyometrics on Jump Capabilities in Technical and Aesthetical Sports
Authors: Mlsnová Gabriela , Luptáková Jana
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of plyometric exercises on explosive strength of lower extremities in girls performing of technical and aesthetical sports. Experiment was carried out on three groups; artistic gymnasts (VG, n = 15; age = 12.4 ± 0.7 years), fitness girls (VF, n = 15; age = 13.8 ± 1.9 years) and dancers (VD, n = 15; age = 13.8 ± 2 years). To check, the control group of general population was involved in the study (VK, n = 15; age = 13.9 ± 1.5 years). Following tests on jump ergometer Fitro Jumper were carried out at the beginning and at the end of experimental period: countermovement jump without and with arms swing and 10- second series of repeated vertical jumps. Plyometric program consisted of two plyometric units a week during thirty weeks. The results show that higher improvement in all evaluated tests achieved the group of fitness. In the countermovement jump without arm swing was observed improvement height of the jump 3.4 ± 1.4 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in the countermovement jump with arm swing 5.7 ± 1.5 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in difference of height of the jump between countermovement jump with and without arms swing 2.3 ± 1 cm (p ˂ 0.00001), in ten second series of repeated vertical jumps without arms swing in the height of jump 4.2 ± 1.6 cm (p ˂ 0.00001) and in power in active take off phase 8.8 ± 2.2 W.kg-1(p ˂ 0.00001). Based on finding the study and in coherence with data from literature, we can conclude the effect of plyometric exercises was effective in combination with specific-strength training. Jumping ability is limiting factor of sport performance in technical and aesthetical sports and implementation of plyometric exercises to the training is highly recommend. The high level of jump capabilities can improve the quality and technique of performance complex acrobatic elements and dance leaps thereby increasing overall evaluation of performance in selected sports.
Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Panebianco Concetta , Kelman Edgar , Vene Kristel , Gioffreda Domenica , Tavano Francesca , Vilu Raivo , Terracciano Fulvia , Pata Illar , Adamberg Kaarel , Andriulli Angelo , Pazienza Valerio
Published: June 2017

Background:

Identification of cancer biomarkers to allow early diagnosis is an urgent need for many types of tumors, whose prognosis strongly depends on the stage of the disease. Canine olfactory testing for detecting cancer is an emerging field of investigation. As an alternative, here we propose to use GC-Olfactometry (GC/O), which enables the speeding up of targeted biomarker identification and analysis. A pilot study was conducted in order to determine odor-active compounds in urine that discriminate patients with gastrointestinal cancers from control samples (healthy people).

Methods:

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS and GC-olfactometry (GC/O) analysis were performed on urine samples obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy controls.

Results:

In total, 91 key odor-active compounds were found in the urine samples. Although no odor-active biomarkers present were found in cancer carrier’s urine, significant differences were discovered in the odor activities of 11 compounds in the urine of healthy and diseased people. Seven of above mentioned compounds were identified: thiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-(or 5-)methyl-3-hexanone, 4-ethyl guaiacol and phenylacetic acid. The other four compounds remained unknown.

Conclusions:

GC/O has a big potential to identify compounds not detectable using untargeted GC/MS approach. This paves the way for further research aimed at improving and validating the performance of this technique so that the identified cancer-associated compounds may be introduced as biomarkers in clinical practice to support early cancer diagnosis.
The EFLM strategy for harmonization of the preanalytical phase
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Simundic Ana-Maria
Published: June 2017

The Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) was officially established by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) in 2013, with the aim of improving harmonization in the preanalytical phase across European member societies. Since its early birth, the WG-PRE has already completed a number of projects, including harmonizing the definition of fasting status, patient and blood tubes identification, color coding of blood collection tubes, sequence of tubes during blood drawing and participation in the development of suitable preanalytical quality indicators. The WG-PRE has also provided guidance on local validation of blood collection tubes, has performed two European surveys on blood sampling procedures and has organized four European meetings to promote the importance of quality in the preanalytical phase. The future activities entail development and validation of an external quality assessment scheme focused on preanalytical variables, development and dissemination of a survey about the local management of unsuitable samples in clinical laboratories, as well as release of EFLM phlebotomy guidelines. This article summarizes all recent achievements of the WG-PRE and illustrates future projects to promote harmonization in the preanalytical phase.
Convergence Analysis of Inverse Iterative Neural Networks with L2 Penalty
Authors: Wen Yanqing , Wang Jian , Huang Bingjia , Zurada Jacek M.
Published: June 2017

The iterative inversion of neural networks has been used in solving problems of adaptive control due to its good performance of information processing. In this paper an iterative inversion neural network with L2 penalty term has been presented trained by using the classical gradient descent method. We mainly focus on the theoretical analysis of this proposed algorithm such as monotonicity of error function, boundedness of input sequences and weak (strong) convergence behavior. For bounded property of inputs, we rigorously proved that the feasible solutions of input are restricted in a measurable field. The weak convergence means that the gradient of error function with respect to input tends to zero as the iterations go to infinity while the strong convergence stands for the iterative sequence of input vectors convergence to a fixed optimal point.
A Novel Word Clustering and Cluster Merging Technique for Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Patra Rakesh , Saha Sujan Kumar
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present a novel word clustering technique to capture contextual similarity among the words. Related word clustering techniques in the literature rely on the statistics of the words collected from a fixed and small word window. For example, the Brown clustering algorithm is based on bigram statistics of the words. However, in the sequential labeling tasks such as named entity recognition (NER), longer context words also carry valuable information. To capture this longer context information, we propose a new word clustering algorithm, which uses parse information of the sentences and a nonfixed word window. This proposed clustering algorithm, named as variable window clustering, performs better than Brown clustering in our experiments. Additionally, to use two different clustering techniques simultaneously in a classifier, we propose a cluster merging technique that performs an output level merging of two sets of clusters. To test the effectiveness of the approaches, we use two different NER data sets, namely, Hindi and BioCreative II Gene Mention Recognition. A baseline NER system is developed using conditional random fields classifier, and then the clusters using individual techniques as well as the merged technique are incorporated to improve the classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the cluster merging technique is quite promising.
Machine Learning-Based Robust Watermarking Technique for Medical Image Transmitted Over LTE Network
Authors: Rai Ankur , Singh Harsh Vikram
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses a safe and secure watermarking technique using a machine learning algorithm. In this paper, the propagation of a watermarked image is simulated over the third-generation partnership project (3GPP)/long-term evolution (LTE) downlink physical layer. The watermark data are scrambled and a transform domain-based hybrid watermarking technique is used to embed this watermark into the transform coefficients of the host image and transmitted over the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink physical layer. Support vector machine (SVM) is used as a classifier for the classification of non-region of interest (NROI) and region of interest (ROI) in a medical image. The result achieved in this experiment revealed that a 10−6 bit error rate (BER) value is realizable for a greater value of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; i.e. more than 10.4 dB of SNR). The peak SNR (PSNR) of the received cover image is more than 35 dB, which is acceptable for clinical applications.
Identification of viruses infecting cucurbits and determination of genetic diversity of Cucumber mosaic virus in Lorestan province, Iran
Authors: Hasanvand Vahid , Shams-bakhsh Masoud
Published: June 2017

Various viral pathogens infect Cucurbitaceae and cause economic losses. The aim of the present study was to detect plant viral pathogens includingCucumber mosaic virus(CMV),Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV),Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus(CYSDV) andCucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV) in Lorestan province, in western Iran, and also to determine CMV genetic diversity in Iranian populations. A total of 569 symptomatic leaf samples were collected in 2013 and 2014 from cucurbits growing regions in Lorestan province. The collected samples were assessed for viral diseases by ELISA. The results showed virus incidences in most regions. Then, the infection of 40 samples to CMV was confirmed by RT-PCR. Moreover, to distinguish between the two groups (I and II) of CMV, PCR products were digested by two restriction enzymesXhoI andEcoRI. Results of the digestion showed that the isolates of Lorestan belonged to group I. The CMV-coat protein gene of eight isolates from different regions and hosts was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Subsequent analyses showed even more genetic variation among Lorestan isolates. The phylogenetic tree revealed that Lorestan province isolates belonged to two IA and IB subgroups and could be classified together with East Azerbaijan province isolates. The results of the present study indicate a wide distribution of CMV, ZYMV, CGMMV, CYSDV and CCYV viruses in cucurbits fields of Lorestan province and for the first time subgroup IB of CMV was reported on melon from Iran.
Is Science Really What Naturalism Says it is?
Authors: Laudisa Federico
Published: June 2017

In spite of the relevance of a scientific representation of the world for naturalism, it is surprising that philosophy of science is less involved in the debate on naturalism than expected. Had the viewpoint of philosophy of science been duly considered, naturalism could not have overlooked the established lesson, according to which there is no well-defined recipe for what science must or must not be. In the present paper I address some implications of this lesson for (some forms of) naturalism, arguing that a radically naturalistic outlook fails to pay sufficient attention to some of the main lessons that philosophy of science has taught us concerning the nature of scientific theories. One of these lessons is that real scientific theories are far more normative than ordinary scientific naturalism is ready to accept, a circumstance that at a minimum is bound to force most naturalization strategies to re-define their significance.
Anatomia da Linguagem: Podemos Compreender Jogos de Linguagem a Partir de Redes Corticais?
Authors: Hipólito Inês
Published: June 2017

There is today much interest in research of neuronal substrata in metaphor processing. It has been suggested that the right hemisphere yields a key role in the comprehension of figurative language (non-literal) and, particularly, in metaphors. Figurative language is included in pragmatics, a branch of linguistics that researches the use of language, in opposition to the study of the system of language. There lingers, though, an open debate in respect to the identification of the specific aspects concerning semantics, as opposed to those dominated by pragmatics. Can studies from neuronal correlates clarify questions that relate to semantics/pragmatics representation? I shall analyze neuroscientific developments about implicit language to attempt to understand, in section 2, scientific techniques available and more suitable to the phenomenology of the act of understanding an implicit, figurative or implicated message in a certain language game. To do so, I shall start by reviewing the studies in philosophy of language, and accommodate the development of the research in pragmatics underlying metaphor, particularly, in Philosophical Investigations by Wittgenstein. Finally, I discuss the possibility of interpretative capabilities being socioculturally grounded. I expect this methodological analysis to contribute to the enlightenment of the problem of phenomenology of intersubjective pragmatics, and to its future experimental paradigms.
Some results in local Hilbert algebras
Authors: Soleimani Nasab Ali , Borumand Saeid Arsham
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we study local Hilbert algebras and give some theorems that characterize local Hilbert algebras. Also, we prove that, (i) H is a local Hilbert algebra if and only if the set of all dense elements of H is H ∖ {0}. (ii) H is a local Hilbert algebra if and only if the set of all regular elements of H is a local Boolean algebra. In a local Hilbert algebra H with supremum, we prove that: (i) If F is a Boolean filter of H, then F is a prime filter. (ii) F is a Boolean filter iff F is a maximal filter iff F = H ∖ {0}.
The co-rank of the fundamental group: The direct product, the first Betti number, and the topology of foliations
Authors: Gelbukh Irina
Published: June 2017

We study

b

1

′

$b_{1}'$

(M), the co-rank of the fundamental group of a smooth closed connected manifold M. We calculate this value for the direct product of manifolds. We characterize the set of all possible combinations of

b

1

′

$b_{1}'$

(M) and the first Betti number b
1(M) by explicitly constructing manifolds with any possible combination of

b

1

′

$b_{1}'$

(M) and b
1(M) in any given dimension. Finally, we apply our results to the topology of Morse form foliations. In particular, we construct a manifold M and a Morse form ω on it for any possible combination of

b

1

′

$b_{1}'$

(M), b
1(M), m(ω), and c(ω), where m(ω) is the number of minimal components and c(ω) is the maximum number of homologically independent compact leaves of ω.
A comparison of two tests in multivariate models
Authors: Machalová Jitka , Kubáček Lubomír
Published: June 2017

In multivariate models the test usually used for a linear hypothesis is the Wilks lambda test. There does not seem to be a need for any alternative. However, if the covariance matrix is parameterized by a few parameters only, and the parameters can be estimated, the problem arises whether a “plug-in” test, which approximates the test in a situation where the covariance matrix is totally known, is more suitable. A partial answer to this question is given in the paper. The sensitivity approach is used in order to check how this principle works in a situation where a plug-in procedure can be compared with another, already established, procedure.
Harps Made by Franz Brunner in the Collection of the Czech Museum of Music
Authors: Kotašová Daniela
Published: June 2017

The collection of the National Museum – Czech Museum of Music contains the largest set of harps built by Franz Brunner. This instrument maker was one of the most important builders of pedal harps in Vienna in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Brunner’s harps use a single-action pedal design, the fourchette mechanism, decorations in the Empire style, and in a few cases, the application of a new design principle with the use of an eighth pedal. This documents an important stage in the instrument’s development, in which the single-action pedal harp was gaining ground in competition with the double-action harp. In the course of research, the maker was identified for another two instruments that had previously been listed as harps by anonymous makers. The comparisons include another three specimens of harps made by Brunner from other music collections abroad.
Musical Events at the Prague Convent of Elizabethan Nuns in 1776
Authors: Michl Jakub
Published: June 2017

In 1776, the convent of Elizabethan Nuns in Prague’s New Town was commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of two events: the profession of the former Mother Superior M. Deodata a Presentatione B. V. Mariae OSE (née Anna Justina von Klausniz) and the laying of the foundation stone of the convent building. The celebrations of this dual anniversary were also reflected in the institution’s musical life. There was a performance at the convent of a congratulatory cantata with a libretto by the ex-Jesuit Rochus Elinger, and music was composed for it by the local choirmaster M. Juliana a Septem BB. Patribus OSE. On Holy Saturday, there was a performance of the sepolcro Der verlorne Sohn (The Prodigal Son), composed by Emilián Rickert OCist. from the monastery in Zbraslav. That same year, Jáchym Štěpanovský, the cantor from České Budějovice, also dedicated his works to the Mother Superior.
The Culture of Unity and Some of the Great Challenges of Humankind Today
Authors: Cepedano Jesús Morán
Published: June 2017

This text explores some of the great challenges present in the cultural landscape of today, such as globalization and its associated phenomena – (internationalisation and ultra-contemporaneousness); exasperated economism with its outcome in the scrap culture; the “piecemeal third world war”, according to Pope Francis’ effective expression, which is connected with a widespread and still poorly understood post-humanism and transhumanism; nihilism and the eclipse of religion as an institution. It considers the light that might be shed by the culture arising from the Focolare’s charism of unity, in order to address these challenges rigorously and without hasty demonizing. The overall picture is not intended to be negative but, without being naive, to offer an interpretation that is able to discern the work of the Spirit in the dramatic scenario of present times.
Christian Spiritual Experience as a Model of a Culture of Dialogue
Authors: Rybicki Adam
Published: June 2017

A space for dialogue between people and the cultures is a focus of this article. To start with, the biblical basis for analysing spiritual experience is presented, followed by the components of Christian spiritual-religious experience. It is also explored whether it is possible to cross-reference the said components with the culture of dialogue. A particular focus is made on the spirituality of encounter and mysticism that leads to a conclusion that a reliable and continuously deepening reflection on Christian spirituality shows its value not only on a “vertical” (upright) plane, i.e. a dialogue with God, but also on a horizontal, flat plane. It shapes the overall attitude of a person, both towards other people and towards themselves, as well as towards the world around them. Certain elements may play a major role in shaping the culture of dialogue between people and the communities of people. These elements are: relational character, desire of getting to know “the other you”, emphasizing the dignity of “the other you”, mutual respect, shared search for and acceptance of the truth and a communal dimension (communion). The ethical aspects of spiritual experience – including a mystical experience – such as conscience, virtue or value, have also been regarded because the ethical elements play a very important role in the dialogue of people and communities.
The Meaning of Meeting as an Existential Event in the Perspective of the Unity Paradigm
Authors: Wąsiński Arkadiusz
Published: June 2017

The article discusses the key meaning of meeting, understood as an existential event and considered in the perspective of the paradigm of unity. The two mentioned categories: meeting and paradigm of unity are not presented in the literature in the context of their direct relation to each other. Therefore, the main problem presented in the paper is: how far they are cognitively relevant. The starting point for reflections is the recognition of a meeting situation in the perspective of human spiritual development which happens through turning towards the other. This development is experienced in overcoming the tension between the declarative attitude towards the mutual love and the real act expressing the actual openness to this gift. According to Chiara Lubich, the gift of love is the central category of the paradigm of unity. If we follow Thomas Kuhn and define the paradigm as a worldview that unites a community in their holistic vision of the world, then it is the meeting that is an integral and necessary element of this paradigm. Experiencing a meeting, in this context, is the condition for reaching the spiritual unity in a community of people who are led by mutual love and out of that love bear with one another in their otherness.
The University in a Fragmented World. A Contribution from Sophia University Institute
Authors: Callebaut Bernhard
Published: June 2017

The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL) was the very first University to honor the Italian religious leader Chiara Lubich, with a honorary degree. In 2007, Chiara Lubich who shared with Henry cardinal Newman some very similar intuitions on the task of a University, founded on the basis of the charism the Church recognized in her the University Institute Sophia (IUS) in Tuscany (Italy). This was to be the very last initiative of her long life as the foundress of the Focolare Movement, Chiara Lubich wanted it to be an interdisciplinary institute bringing together life and studies in harmony. Now, after more than eight years of life, the author dresses a ‘state of the union’ of this University Institute, in the context of the crisis of the universitarian world today.
Dialogical Existence seen as a Social Relation and its Impact to the Life with Diversity
Authors: Hubert Claudia
Published: June 2017

This article compares the philosophical concept of dialogical existence of Martin Buber with the sociological one from Pierpaolo Donati, which put its focus on the phenomena of social relationship.

After a short introduction in the discussion of the concept of dialogue in different sciences, the first paragraph will deal with the concept of “social relationship” by Pierpaolo Donati. It gives a short overview of its main statements, characteristics and its placing in the contemporary sociological discussion.

The second chapter will present the basic ideas of the concept of “dialogical existence” from Martin Buber, showing his differentiation of various types of dialogue as well as the characteristics of the two basic relationships “I-THOU” and “I-IT”.

The common points and the differences of these two concepts are presented in a third part. The outdrawn similarities leads to the conclusion that, even if both concepts are not concurrent, the “dialogical existence” can be seen as one form of “social relationship.

The dialogical method of the Focolare Movement is presented in a forth part. It is a concrete example of how the “dialogical existence” can forge in a “social relationship” with special features and gives a glance on how the two concepts could be connected with each other.

Connecting theories from different fields of research and concrete examples, this article wants to give a contribution to a wider discussion of the concept of dialogue.
Ordo Iuris of Neoliberalism in Poland – Controversies or Solutions to the Challenges of Modernity
Authors: Barcik Anna
Published: June 2017

An attempt of explaining the formulation of laws as a mechanism for shaping social relations in Poland are presented in the paper.

The causes of divisions to liberal and civic (social) Poland are revealed, indicating that politics can divide people into groups according to the ideology based on tradition and modernity.
Reporting mittels Kennzahlen zur Gewährleistung der Qualität und Unterstützung des IT-Controllings eines modernen, wissenschaftlichen Rechenzentrums – ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Haas Berit , Bündgens Daniel
Published: June 2017

In diesem Artikel wird ein vom IT Center der RWTH Aachen University entwickeltes und in der Praxis bewährtes Reporting-Tool vorgestellt, welches das IT Center in seinem IT-Controlling nachhaltig unterstützt und zur Gewährleistung und Steigerung der Qualität seiner angebotenen Dienste beiträgt. Wir bedienen uns dabei gängigen Methoden aus dem IT Service Management und zeigen auf, wie wir diese für unsere Zwecke anwenden. Neben der technischen Umsetzung gehen wir noch auf das Thema Kennzahlen und kennzahlenbasiertes Reporting aus theoretischer Sicht ein und stellen die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen dar.
Container-based virtualization technologies
Authors: Wüst Sebastian , Schwerdel Dennis , Müller Paul
Published: June 2017

As a newer concept, in comparison to hypervisor technologies, container-based virtualization is a rather lightweight virtualization concept. By not emulating any hardware it has a much lower overhead with good isolation. The basic idea is to generate isolated containers which use the same kernel as the host system, instead of individual ones per virtual machine. Hence the virtualized applications or systems have to be compatible to the same kernel. Networking testbeds like ToMaTo can benefit from such technology, since it allows to run many virtual machines in parallel. In this paper, three representatives of Linux container-based virtualization technologies will be presented: OpenVZ, Linux-VServer and LXC. The main features and concepts of each technology will be discussed, followed by a comparison about performance, security, virtualization system integration and client software. At the end their value for ToMaTo will be rated.
Generating Alignments Using Target Foresight in Attention-Based Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Peter Jan-Thorsten , Nix Arne , Ney Hermann
Published: June 2017

Neural machine translation (NMT) has shown large improvements in recent years. The currently most successful approach in this area relies on the attention mechanism, which is often interpreted as an alignment, even though it is computed without explicit knowledge of the target word. This limitation is the most likely reason that the quality of attention-based alignments is inferior to the quality of traditional alignment methods. Guided alignment training has shown that alignments are still capable of improving translation quality. In this work, we propose an extension of the attention-based NMT model that introduces target information into the attention mechanism to produce high-quality alignments. In comparison to the conventional attention-based alignments, our model halves the Aer with an absolute improvement of 19.1% Aer. Compared to GIZA++ it shows an absolute improvement of 2.0% Aer.
Fine-Grained Human Evaluation of Neural Versus Phrase-Based Machine Translation
Authors: Klubička Filip , Toral Antonio , Sánchez-Cartagena Víctor M.
Published: June 2017

We compare three approaches to statistical machine translation (pure phrase-based, factored phrase-based and neural) by performing a fine-grained manual evaluation via error annotation of the systems’ outputs. The error types in our annotation are compliant with the multidimensional quality metrics (MQM), and the annotation is performed by two annotators. Inter-annotator agreement is high for such a task, and results show that the best performing system (neural) reduces the errors produced by the worst system (phrase-based) by 54%.
Unraveling the Contribution of Image Captioning and Neural Machine Translation for Multimodal Machine Translation
Authors: Lala Chiraag , Madhyastha Pranava , Wang Josiah , Specia Lucia
Published: June 2017

Recent work on multimodal machine translation has attempted to address the problem of producing target language image descriptions based on both the source language description and the corresponding image. However, existing work has not been conclusive on the contribution of visual information. This paper presents an in-depth study of the problem by examining the differences and complementarities of two related but distinct approaches to this task: textonly neural machine translation and image captioning. We analyse the scope for improvement and the effect of different data and settings to build models for these tasks. We also propose ways of combining these two approaches for improved translation quality.
Questing for Quality Estimation A User Study
Authors: Escartín Carla Parra , Béchara Hanna , Orăsan Constantin
Published: June 2017

Post-Editing of Machine Translation (MT) has become a reality in professional translation workflows. In order to optimize the management of projects that use post-editing and avoid underpayments and mistrust from professional translators, effective tools to assess the quality of Machine Translation (MT) systems need to be put in place. One field of study that could address this problem is Machine Translation Quality Estimation (MTQE), which aims to determine the quality of MT without an existing reference. Accurate and reliable MTQE can help project managers and translators alike, as it would allow estimating more precisely the cost of post-editing projects in terms of time and adequate fares by discarding those segments that are not worth post-editing (PE) and have to be translated from scratch.

In this paper, we report on the results of an impact study which engages professional translators in PE tasks using MTQE. We measured translators’ productivity in different scenarios: translating from scratch, post-editing without using MTQE, and post-editing using MTQE. Our results show that QE information, when accurate, improves post-editing efficiency.
Effect of Lignin-Containing Media on Growth of Medicinal Mushroom Lentinula Edodes
Authors: Matjuškova Nataļja , Okmane Laura , Zaļā Dzintra , Rozenfelde Linda , Puķe Māris , Krūma Irēna , Vederņikovs Nikolajs , Rapoport Alexander
Published: June 2017

The effect of lignocellulose and lignin on growth of mycelium of mushroom Lentinula edodes and laccase activity in cultivation medium was studied. It was shown that cultivation of L. edodes mycelium in liquid nutrient medium with addition of 0.25-0.5% of kraft lignin increased mycelium biomass yield approximately two times compared with reference conditions without addition of lignin. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which 0.5% lignocellulose that remained after obtaining furfural, and 0.5% lignin that remained after obtaining furfural and glucose from wheat straw, were added to the nutrient medium. This effect was greater in the conditions of cultivation with good aeration, compared with static culture. Laccase activity in medium increased after addition of wheat straw lignocellulose or lignin only in the case of mycelium cultivation with aeration. In the case of mushroom cultivation on solid nutrient medium, addition of wheat straw lignocellulose and lignin promoted growth of mycelium only during the first 7 days of cultivation.
Spatial Diversification of Energy Crops in Polish Agriculture: A Study of Plantation Concentration Based On Local Indicators of Spatial Association (Lisa)
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Rudnicki Roman
Published: June 2017

The paper deals with the spatial diversification of energy crops and their concentration in the Polish agriculture. The analysis of changes in territorial patterns regarding those plantations involves natural factors, effects of urbanisation, and the level of absorption of European Union funds. The concentration of plantations is presented by means of local spatial correlations of energy crops; for the purposes of this research, local Moran’s statistic (Ii) has also been employed.
Differences in the Rural Structure of Slovakia in the Context of Socio-Spatial Polarisation
Authors: Máliková Lucia , Klobučník Michal
Published: June 2017

This study is devoted to socio-spatial polarisation with regard to the rural environment in Slovakia. In fact, ongoing polarisation processes do not take place only in the rural-urban continuum, but within every single category as well. This is evident especially in the rural environment, which has begun to change significantly in terms of its structure and to diversify to a greater extent. As a result, some parts of the countryside began to stagnate and decline gradually. These parts of the rural environment can thus be referred to as marginal, peripheral. With respect to the proclaimed diversity of the rural environment, this study focuses on selected rural structures, namely mountain areas, the borderland, and the area at the intersection of those two structures. Generally, these parts of the rural environment are often confronted with the phenomenon of marginality and peripherality, and because of the given local predisposition are even more vulnerable to its manifestations. Taking into account the dynamism and multidimensional character of this phenomenon, we can further assume that its manifestation changes in time and space. With the use of ANOVA, we examine a set of selected indicators of socio-spatial polarisation and verify whether and to what extent this dynamism depends on the character of diversified rural structures.