bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
River parks typology: A case study of river parks in Kalimantan
Authors: Rahman B , Kautsary J
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to fill in the theoretical gaps regarding the typology of river parks, seen based on the shape and location of parks in relation to rivers, with a case study of parks on the island of Kalimantan. The typology of river parks will open new advanced research opportunities in the field of river park research. The method used is qualitative, with a field observation approach (primary) in twenty-seven parks on the river, field survey observations were carried out, and database (secondary) observations in fifteen parks on the river border were carried out through Google Street View “Big Data Base Analysis” (GSV). As a result, the typology of parks on rivers can be seen based on the shape and location of the park on the river, so that it is divided into three park typologies, namely the first typology of parks on rivers, the second typology of parks on riverbanks, and the third typology of parks bordering rivers. These three typologies are subdivided into eight form variants which are divided based on the potential point of view of the river, adaptation of the park design to the physical nature of the river, functional use of the banks and borders.
Analysis Stability Of Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material
Authors: Azizah N U , Andry J , Pradana F Y
Published: April 2024

Fly ash and bottom ash are ash produced from the process of burning coal as a source of energy in the steam generating unit of a coal-fired power plant (PLTU). Bottom ash is ash that forms at the bottom of a coal-burning furnace and settles there. In this research, fly ash is used as filler substitution and bottom ash is used as fine aggregate substitution (sand). The purpose of the study was to obtain a suitable Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials. To determine the effect of optimum asphalt content on the values of stability, flow, Marshall Quotient, VMA, VIM and VFB obtained from result of the Masrhall test. Based on the results of Marshall testing, the results show that Analysis Stability Of Binder Course Asphalt Concrete (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material produces the highest VMA value of 14.462% and the highest VIM value of -1.88%, meaning that there are many gaps in the mixture containing asphalt so that it becomes waterproof and hermetic. The highest stability and MQ values are stability of 1955.55.34 kg and MQ of 1241.13 kg/mm. The appropriate Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials is the composition of Fly Ash at 0%, 50%, and 60% of the total cement while for the use of Bottom Ash from the total sand at 0%, 50%, and 60%.
Rob Flood Control on the North Coast of Java (Study on coastal areas of Pekalongan and Semarang)
Authors: Salim M. Afif , Wibowo Kartono
Published: April 2024

Flooding on the coasts of Pekalongan and Semarang, North Coast of Java (Pantura), has become a severe problem for the Indonesian government. Factors causing the flood are rainfall, climate, land subsidence and rob, river conditions, tidal influence, poorer areas, land change, inappropriate flood control, damage to flood control buildings, excessive groundwater utilization, inappropriate flood management, river sedimentation, reduced water catchment areas, and runoff floods. Therefore, there is a need for an appropriate handling study to deal with these problems. This research aimed to determine the achievements of coastal flood control on the North Coast of Java. Data was collected through a literature review for secondary data, field studies for primary data, in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, and observation. The results showed that handling Rob flooding in coastal Pekalongan focuses on four locations: Bremi River, Meduri River, Mrican pump house, and Silempeng. Rob flood handling methods on the Pekalongan coast include the construction of concrete barriers with corrugated sheet pile (CCSP), compacted soil embankments with bamboo mattress reinforcement, and submersible pumping machines at the Mrican pump house. In comparison, rob flood management in coastal Semarang focuses on the Sringin and Tenggang rivers. The flood handling methods conducted are the provision of pumps, construction of Rob embankments and retention ponds, normalization, drainage improvements, and interconnection channels. However, handling coastal flooding needs a comprehensive and sustainable follow-up.
Analysis Sequential Excavation Method For Large Span
Authors: Siregar C A , Aditya F , Garnida H , Kusdian D , Ryanto M
Published: April 2024

Modern tunnel design mandates the careful selection of appropriate techniques and technologies for all tunnel projects. The pivotal factor for success in tunnel construction lies in choosing the right excavation methods for extensive-span tunnel projects in soft soil materials. The choice of excavation methods during tunnel construction significantly impacts both the project timeline and associated costs. This study specifically concentrates on the selection of excavation techniques, sequencing, and temporary supports employed during the excavation phase for tunnels located in soft soil environments. Given the considerable diameter of the tunnel, exceeding 200 m2, and the presence of soft soil, traditional methods like the Full-face method and the Central Diaphragm (CD) and Side wall Drift (SD) approach are not feasible. Therefore, this study suggests the application of a Sequential Excavation Method (SEM) for the tunnel construction.
Slope Stability Analysis Using Plaxis & Slope/W (Case Study: Bagbagan-Jampangkulon Road Section STA 8+400, STA 8+200, and STA 13+000)
Authors: Siregar C A , Nuggraha H R , Azhar G A , Warlina D
Published: April 2024

The Bagbagan - Jampang Kulon Road Section in Sukabumi Regency faces soil stability challenges primarily driven by natural factors. A safety factor exceeding 1.5 is considered secure. Analyses were performed using PLAXIS (Finite Element Method) and SLOPE/W (Limit Equilibrium Method). For the road section at various points (STA 8+200, STA 8+400, and STA 13+000) under Class I pavement loads (12.5 kN/m), PLAXIS yielded safety factors of SF=1.387, SF=1.315, and SF=1.265, while Class II loads (10 kN/m) produced SF=1.388, SF=1.318, and SF=1.267. SLOPE/W analysis under Class I loads yielded SF=1.295, SF=1.226, and SF=1.015, with Class II loads producing SF=1.297, SF=1.229, and SF=1.017. Minor discrepancies of approximately 8-9% at STA 8+200 and STA 8+400 and 1.2% at STA 13+000 were observed between the two programs. Despite these variances, PLAXIS and SLOPE/W provide reasonably close safety factor results. These differences may be attributed to each program’s distinct assumptions and calculation methods. Overall, both methods underscore the need for reinforcement to enhance slope stability in this critical road section.
Identification of Road Pavement Conditions in the Tanjung Balai City Road Section
Authors: Sihombing A T , Aritonang R A F
Published: April 2024

Each region will try to increase its original income and the quality of existing infrastructure in that area. In order to realize this goal, quality infrastructure is needed to support economic development activities and good quality infrastructure. One of the infrastructure needed in this case is the road, where the intended road must have good conditions and quality so that it can function as it should. Where the condition of a good road is a road with good condition is a road with a completely flat pavement surface, no waves and no surface damage. For this reason, it is necessary to identify the condition of the pavement on existing roads in an area, so that the main goal of increasing income and infrastructure can be realized. One of the cities that can be used as a reference for identifying road pavement conditions is the City of Tanjung Balai, where the City of Tanjung Balai is located between 2°58′00″ North Latitude and 99°48′00″ East Longitude. Its area is 60.52 km2. The city of Tanjung Balai also has the longest bridge in the province of North Sumatra along ± 600 m which connects the city of Tanjung Balai with the villages of Sei Kepayang Kiri, Sei Kepayang Tengah to the upstream area in Sei Kepayang Kanan, Asahan district. Identification of road pavement conditions can be done using several methods, one of several methods that can be used is the PCI (Pavement Condition Index) method. Where this method is carried out by measuring the area of road surface damage, determining the level of damage to the road surface by looking at the Deduct Value chart, calculating level of damage occurs on the road surface (density), calculating Total Deduct Value (TDV), calculating Corrected Deduct Value (CDV), calculating PCI values and determining the level of the road, whether it is still feasible or not feasible. From the identification results it was found that on A. Rahman Road, there are several types of damage with varying levels of damage and the deduct value can be determined by looking at the graph, such as holes/potholes (low) damage, shoving with high damage, ravelling with high damage, basin cracks with high damage. Then on SMA 3 Road, there are several types of damage such as high crocodile skin cracks, patch damage with high damage levels, medium damage (medium) damage to basins. Next on Prof. Dr. Ir. Sutami / Education road there are types of holes / potholes (low) damage, grade depression with medium damage, patches with medium (medium) damage levels, ravelling with medium damage levels. And on Husni Thamrin Road, there are several types of damage such as holes/potholes (low) damage, basin cracks with high damage, ravelling with high damage levels. The results of this identification can be used as a reference for maintaining or improving the quality of existing roads in urban areas.
Transforming Coastal Communities to Adapt Climate Change through Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Mulyani I , Fatkhullah M , Reihan A , Agustiawan
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the impact of CSR initiatives in transforming coastal communities to adapt to climate change. The study uses a qualitative method to describe the initiatives’ social effects and elucidate the community transformation process. Quantitative data is also employed to measure the contribution of CSR to the economy and the environment. The findings demonstrate that the company introduces solar panel-based fish finder and aquaponics technology, enabling communities to achieve energy efficiency, reduce emissions and production costs, and increase income. The company also strives for sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities through quail, catfish, and eel cultivation, supported by organic waste management. The evidence shows that the CSR initiatives have been able to convert 744 kilograms of waste into maggot feed, processing 2,634,490 liters of liquid waste to reduce water pollution, generating 3,579 kilowatt-hours of energy from solar panels, resulting in cost savings of IDR 59,199,167, and income growth of IDR 360,947,840. Moreover, the implementation of climate-friendly technologies has led to a reduction in emissions by approximately 12.77 tons CO2e. Overall, this research highlights the significant role of CSR initiatives in transforming coastal communities that are adaptive to climate change while providing tangible economic and environmental benefits.
Comparative analysis of ChatGPT and Bard in answering pathology examination questions requiring image interpretation
Authors: Apornvirat Sompon , Namboonlue Chutimon , Laohawetwanit Thiyaphat
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of ChatGPT and Bard in answering pathology examination questions requiring image interpretation.

Methods

The study evaluated ChatGPT-4 and Bard’s performance using 86 multiple-choice questions, with 17 (19.8%) focusing on general pathology and 69 (80.2%) on systemic pathology. Of these, 62 (72.1%) included microscopic images, and 57 (66.3%) were first-order questions focusing on diagnosing the disease. The authors presented these artificial intelligence (AI) tools with questions, both with and without clinical contexts, and assessed their answers against a reference standard set by pathologists.

Results

ChatGPT-4 achieved a 100% (n = 86) accuracy rate in questions with clinical context, surpassing Bard’s 87.2% (n = 75). Without context, the accuracy of both AI tools declined significantly, with ChatGPT-4 at 52.3% (n = 45) and Bard at 38.4% (n = 33). ChatGPT-4 consistently outperformed Bard across various categories, particularly in systemic pathology and first-order questions. A notable issue identified was Bard’s tendency to “hallucinate” or provide plausible but incorrect answers, especially without clinical context.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the potential of ChatGPT and Bard in pathology education, stressing the importance of clinical context for accurate AI interpretations of pathology images. It underlined the need for careful AI integration in medical education.
A special role for anterior cingulate cortex, but not orbitofrontal cortex or basolateral amygdala, in choices involving information
Authors: González Valeria V , Zhang Yifan , Ashikyan Sonya A , Rickard Anne , Yassine Ibrahim , Romero-Sosa Juan Luis , Blaisdell Aaron P , Izquierdo Alicia
Published: April 2024

Subjects are often willing to pay a cost for information. In a procedure that promotes paradoxical choices, animals choose between a richer option followed by a cue that is rewarded 50% of the time (No Info) vs. a leaner option followed by one of two cues that signal certain outcomes: one always rewarded (100%) and the other never rewarded, 0% (Info). Since decisions involve comparing the subjective value of options after integrating all their features, preference for information may rely on cortico-amygdalar circuitry. To test this, male and female rats were prepared with bilateral inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, or null virus (control). We inhibited these regions after stable preference was acquired. We found that inhibition of the anterior cingulate cortex destabilized choice preference in female rats without affecting latency to choose or response rate to cues. A logistic regression fit revealed that previous choice predicted current choice in all conditions, however previously rewarded Info trials strongly predicted preference in all conditions except in female rats following anterior cingulate cortex inhibition. The results reveal a causal, sex-dependent role for the anterior cingulate cortex in decisions involving information.
The Chinese School of IR Theory: Ignored Process, Controversial Progress, and Uncertain Prospects
Authors: Lu Peng
Published: April 2024

This article reviews issues relevant to the Chinese School of International Relations (IR) theory. After 20 or more years of relentless effort, the Chinese School has achieved concrete breakthroughs, evident in the emergence of Relational Theory, Moral Realism, and Symbiosis Theory. The Chinese School has thus entered a new stage, its primary task having been upgraded from theory innovation to theory development. But to proceed further, the Chinese School needs critical responses from its Western counterparts. Owing primarily to the language barrier, as well as to the non-confrontational academic tradition within Chinese IR, and the ethnocentrism that both sides practice, the few dialogues that have taken place between the Chinese School and Western theories have tended to be problematic, with important issues either ignored or misrepresented. In order to further study a comprehensive and intensive exchange of ideas between the Chinese School and Western theories, this article categorises issues relevant to the Chinese School into three areas. They are: process of evolution; progress in theoretical studies; and the Chinese School’s future relationship with other theoretical entities (in particular, Global IR). Predominantly reliant upon the discourse analysis of Chinese School publications, this contribution seeks to provide a foundation for further exchanges between Western theories and the Chinese School.
Process management program to prevent falls in hospitalized patients with neuropsychiatric disorders: a quality improvement program
Authors: Xu Hua , Chen Zhao-hong , She Juan , Zhang Yan-hong
Published: April 2024

Background

Falls were among the most common adverse nursing events. The incidence of falls in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders was high, and the occurrence of falls not only caused physical and psychological harm to patients but also led to medical disputes. Therefore, interventions for falls prevention were essential, but evaluations of the intervention process were lacking.

Methods

In this study, a process management program to prevent falls based on the “structure–process–outcome” quality evaluation model was designed and applied to the clinical practice of falls prevention in hospitalized patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. The process quality evaluation checklist to prevent falls was used to supervise the implementation effect of intervention measures to prevent falls, identify the problems in the intervention measures, and make continuous improvements, to reduce the incidence of falls in such hospitalized patients as the final index.

Results

The incidence of inpatient falls decreased from 0.199‰ (0.199 per 1000 patient-days) to 0.101‰ (0.101 per 1000 patient-days) before and after the implementation of the process management program for 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The probability of falls was reduced by 49% after 36 months of monitoring. Furthermore, the proportion of patients at high risk of falls exhibited a downward trend.

Conclusion

This quality improvement program was feasible and effective at reducing falls in hospitalized patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, attention should be given to monitoring process quality in the management of falls.
Evaluation of sponge wipe surface sampling for collection of potential surrogates for non-spore-forming bioterrorism agents
Authors: Aslett L D , Calfee M W , Monge M , Abdel-Hady A , Chamberlain T , Baartmans R , Touati A
Published: April 2024

Aim

Evaluate the efficacy of sponge wipe sampling at recovering potential bacterial surrogates for Category A and B non-spore-forming bacterial bioterrorism agents from hard, nonporous surfaces.

Methods

A literature survey identified seven nonpathogenic bacteria as potential surrogates for selected Category A and B non-spore-forming bacterial agents. Small (2 × 4 cm) and large (35.6 × 35.6 cm) coupons made from either stainless steel, plastic, or glass, were inoculated and utilized to assess persistence and surface sampling efficiency, respectively. Three commercially available premoistened sponge wipes (3M™, Sani-Stick®, and Solar-Cult®) were evaluated.

Results

Mean recoveries from persistence testing indicated that three microorganisms (Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens) demonstrated sufficient persistence across all tested material types. Sampling of large inoculated (≥107 CFU per sample) coupons resulted in mean recoveries ranging from 6.6 to 3.4 Log10 CFU per sample. Mean recoveries for the Solar-Cult®, 3M™ sponge wipes, and Sani-Sticks® across all test organisms and all material types were ≥5.7, ≥3.7, and ≥3.4 Log10 CFU per sample, respectively. Mean recoveries for glass, stainless steel, and ABS plastic across all test organisms and all sponge types were ≥3.8, ≥3.7, and ≥3.4 Log10 CFU per sample, respectively.

Conclusions

Recovery results suggest that sponge wipe sampling can effectively be used to recover non-spore-forming bacterial cells from hard, nonporous surfaces such as stainless steel, ABS plastic, and glass.
Multidrug resistant Vibrio spp. identified from mussels farmed for human consumption in Central Italy
Authors: Ferri Gianluigi , Olivieri Vincenzo , Olivastri Alberto , Pennisi Luca , Vergara Alberto
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio strains identified from Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed for human consumption in the Adriatic Sea Central Italy.

Methods and results

A total of 475 mussels (M. galloprovincialis) were involved in the present study, and culture-dependent microbiological methods permitted to identify a total of 50 Vibrio strains that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility followed by the genetic determinant detections. Antibiograms showed resistance against ampicillin (36.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30.0%), gentamycin (14.0%), and imipenem (18.0%). Biomolecular assays amplified a total of 264 antibiotic resistance genes harbored by both susceptible and resistant Vibrio species. Among resistance genes, aacC2 (62.0%) and aadA (58.0%) for aminoglycosides, blaTEM (54.0%) for beta-lactams, qnrS (24.0%) for quinolones, tetD (66.0%) for tetracyclines, and vanB (60.0%) for glycopeptides were mainly amplified by PCR assays.

Conclusions

Vibrio genus is involved in the antibiotic resistance phenomenon diffusion in the aquatic environments, as demonstrated by the harboring of many genetic determinants representing a kind of genetic “dark world”.
Mtc6/Ehg2 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-resident glycoprotein essential for high-pressure tolerance
Authors: Uemura Satoshi , Mochizuki Takahiro , Kato Yusuke , Mioka Tetsuo , Watanabe Riseko , Fuchita Mai , Yamada Mao , Noda Yoichi , Moriguchi Takashi , Abe Fumiyoshi
Published: April 2024

Hydrostatic pressure is a common mechanical stressor that modulates metabolism and reduces cell viability. Eukaryotic cells have genetic programs to cope with hydrostatic pressure stress and maintain intracellular homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying hydrostatic pressure tolerance remains largely unknown. We have recently demonstrated that maintenance of telomere capping protein 6 (Mtc6) plays a protective role in the survival of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hydrostatic pressure stress by supporting the integrity of nutrient permeases. The current study demonstrates that Mtc6 acts as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein. Mtc6 comprises two transmembrane domains, a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain and a luminal region with 12 Asn (N)-linked glycans attached to it. Serial mutational analyses showed that the cytoplasmic C-terminal amino acid residues GVPS Mtc6 activity. Multiple N-linked glycans in the luminal region are involved in the structural conformation of Mtc6. Moreover, deletion of MTC6 led to increased degradation of the leucine permease Bap2 under hydrostatic pressure, suggesting that Mtc6 facilitates the proper folding of nutrient permeases in the ER under stress conditions. We propose a novel model of molecular function in which the glycosylated luminal domain and cytoplasmic GVPS sequences of Mtc6 cooperatively support the nutrient permease activity.
Evaluating the comparability of osteoporosis treatments using propensity score and negative control outcome methods in UK and Denmark electronic health record databases
Authors: Tan Eng Hooi , Rathod-Mistry Trishna , Strauss Victoria Y , O’Kelly James , Giorgianni Francesco , Baxter Richard , Brunetti Vanessa C , Pedersen Alma Becic , Ehrenstein Vera , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: April 2024

Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments is heterogeneous. This may be attributed to different populations and clinical practice, but also to differing methodologies ensuring comparability of treatment groups before treatment effect estimation and the amount of residual confounding by indication. This study assessed the comparability of denosumab vs oral bisphosphonate (OBP) groups using propensity score (PS) methods and negative control outcome (NCO) analysis. A total of 280 288 women aged ≥50 yr initiating denosumab or OBP in 2011-2018 were included from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and the Danish National Registries (DNR). Balance of observed covariates was assessed using absolute standardized mean difference (ASMD) before and after PS weighting, matching, and stratification, with ASMD >0.1 indicating imbalance. Residual confounding was assessed using NCOs with ≥100 events. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI between treatment and NCO were estimated using Cox models. Presence of residual confounding was evaluated with 2 approaches (1) >5% of NCOs with 95% CI excluding 1, (2) >5% of NCOs with an upper CI <0.75 or lower CI >1.3. The number of imbalanced covariates before adjustment (CPRD 22/87; DNR 18/83) decreased, with 2%–11% imbalance remaining after weighting, matching, or stratification. Using approach 1, residual confounding was present for all PS methods in both databases (≥8% of NCOs), except for stratification in DNR (3.8%). Using approach 2, residual confounding was present in CPRD with PS matching (5.3%) and stratification (6.4%), but not with weighting (4.3%). Within DNR, no NCOs had HR estimates with upper or lower CI limits beyond the specified bounds indicating residual confounding for any PS method. Achievement of covariate balance and determination of residual bias were dependent upon several factors including the population under study, PS method, prevalence of NCO, and the threshold indicating residual confounding.
Projected distributions of Mongolian rangeland vegetation under future climate conditions
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Tsuyama Ikutaro , Tungalag Radnaakhand , Narantsetseg Amartuvshin , Tsendeekhuu Tsagaanbandi , Shinoda Masato , Yamanaka Norikazu , Kamijo Takashi
Published: April 2024

Mongolian herder households maintain the health and condition of their livestock by adapting to the characteristics of the local vegetation distribution. Thus, predicting future vegetation changes is important for stable livestock grazing and sustainable rangeland use. We predicted the distributional extent of rangeland vegetation, specifically desert steppe, steppe and meadow steppe communities, for the period 2081–2100, based on vegetation data obtained from a previous study. Rangeland vegetation data collected in Mongolia (43–50° N, 87–119° E) between 2012 and 2016 (278 plots) were classified into community types. Species distribution modeling was conducted using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. Distribution data for desert steppe, steppe and meadow steppe communities were used as objective variables, and bioclimatic data obtained from WorldClim were used as explanatory variables. CMIP6-downscaled future climate projections provided by WorldClim were used for future prediction. The area under the curve values for the desert steppe, steppe and meadow steppe models were 0.850, 0.847 and 0.873, respectively. Suitable habitat was projected to shrink under all scenarios and for all communities with climate change. The extent of reduction in potential suitable areas was greatest for meadow steppe communities. Our results indicate that meadow steppe communities will transition to steppe communities with future climate change.
Dogmatism and Inquiry
Authors: Carter Sam , Hawthorne John
Published: April 2024

Inquiry aims at knowledge. Your inquiry into a question succeeds just in case you come to know the answer. However, combined with a common picture on which misleading evidence can lead knowledge to be lost, this view threatens to recommend a novel form of dogmatism. At least in some cases, individuals who know the answer to a question appear required to avoid evidence bearing on it. In this paper, we’ll aim to do two things. First, we’ll present an argument for this novel form of dogmatism and show that it presents a substantive challenge. Second, we’ll consider a way those who take knowledge to be the aim of inquiry can mount a response. In the course of doing so, we’ll try to get clearer on the normative connections between inquiry, knowledge and evidence gathering.
Algebraicity of L-values for GSp4 × GL2 and GSp4 × GL2 × GL2
Authors: Loeffler David , Rivero Óscar
Published: April 2024

We prove algebraicity results for critical L-values attached to the group ${\rm GSp}_4 \times {\rm GL}_2$, and for Gan–Gross–Prasad periods which are conjecturally related to central L-values for ${\rm GSp}_4 \times {\rm GL}_2 \times {\rm GL}_2$. Our result for ${\rm GSp}_4 \times {\rm GL}_2$ overlaps substantially with recent results of Morimoto, but our methods are very different; these results will be used in a sequel paper to construct a new p-adic L-function for ${\rm GSp}_4 \times {\rm GL}_2$. The results for Gan–Gross–Prasad periods appear to be new. A key aspect is the computation of certain Archimedean zeta integrals, whose p-adic counterparts are also studied in this note.
Assessing Trial-by-Trial Electrophysiological and Behavioral Markers of Attentional Control and Sensory Precision in Psychotic and Mood Disorders
Authors: Boudewyn Megan A , Erickson Molly A , Winsler Kurt , Barch Deanna M , Carter Cameron S , Frank Michael J , Gold James M , MacDonald Angus W , Ragland J Daniel , Silverstein Steven M , Yonelinas Andrew P  , Luck Steven J
Published: April 2024

Background and Hypothesis

The current study investigated the extent to which changes in attentional control contribute to performance on a visual perceptual discrimination task, on a trial-by-trial basis in a transdiagnostic clinical sample.

Study Design

Participants with schizophrenia (SZ; N = 58), bipolar disorder (N = 42), major depression disorder (N = 51), and psychiatrically healthy controls (N = 92) completed a visual perception task in which stimuli appeared briefly. The design allowed us to estimate the lapse rate and the precision of perceptual representations of the stimuli. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded to examine pre-stimulus activity in the alpha band (8–13 Hz), overall and in relation to behavior performance on the task.

Study Results

We found that the attention lapse rate was elevated in the SZ group compared with all other groups. We also observed group differences in pre-stimulus alpha activity, with control participants showing the highest levels of pre-stimulus alpha when averaging across trials. However, trial-by-trial analyses showed within-participant fluctuations in pre-stimulus alpha activity significantly predicted the likelihood of making an error, in all groups. Interestingly, our analysis demonstrated that aperiodic contributions to the EEG signal (which affect power estimates across frequency bands) serve as a significant predictor of behavior as well.

Conclusions

These results confirm the elevated attention lapse rate that has been observed in SZ, validate pre-stimulus EEG markers of attentional control and their use as a predictor of behavior on a trial-by-trial basis, and suggest that aperiodic contributions to the EEG signal are an important target for further research in this area, in addition to alpha-band activity.
PCR-Based Detection for the Quarantine Fungus Colletotrichum kahawae, a Biosecurity Threat to the Coffee (Coffea arabica) Industry Worldwide
Authors: Ferrucho Rosa Lilia , Marín-Ramírez Gustavo Adolfo , Ochoa-Corona Francisco , Ángel C. Carlos Ariel
Published: April 2024

Coffee berry disease is caused by Colletotrichum kahawae, a quarantine fungus still absent from most coffee-producing countries. Given the potential adverse effects on coffee berry production, it is a severe worldwide threat to farmers and industry. Current biosecurity management focuses on exclusion by applying quarantine measures, including the certification of coffee plants and their products. However, methods for detecting C. kahawae by National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) laboratories still need approval. This research aims to functionally demonstrate, standardize, and validate a method for detecting and discriminating C. kahawae from other Colletotrichum species that may be present in coffee plant samples. The method proposes to use an end-point PCR marker for the mating type gene (MAT1-2-1) and a confirmatory test with a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) marker developed on the glutamine synthetase gene. The C. kahawae amplicons for the Cen-CkM10 qPCR marker exhibited specific melting temperature values and high-resolution melt profiles that could be readily differentiated from other tested species, including their relatives. Given the fungus’s quarantine status, specificity was tested using artificial mixtures of DNA of C. kahawae with other Colletotrichum species and coffee plant DNA. The described method will enable NPPOs in coffee-producing and exporting countries, especially Colombia, to prevent this pathogen's entry, establishment, and spread.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Global Spread, Genetic Differentiation, and Selection of Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Isolates
Authors: Hassett Kealan , Muria-Gonzalez Mariano Jordi , Martin Anke , Karakaya Aziz , Çelik Oğuz Arzu , Bakonyi Jószef , Knight Noel L. , Prins Renée , Ellwood Simon R.
Published: April 2024

Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a significant necrotrophic disease of barley that spread worldwide in the twentieth century. Genetic relationships were analyzed to determine the diversity, survival, and dispersal of a diverse collection of 346 isolates from Australia, Southern Africa, North America, Asia Minor, and Europe. The results, based on genome-wide DArTseq data, indicated that isolates from Turkey were the most differentiated with regional sub-structuring, together with individuals closely related to geographically distant genotypes. Elsewhere, population subdivision related to country of origin was evident, although low levels of admixturing was found that may represent rare genotypes or migration from unsampled populations. Canadian isolates were the next most diverged, and Australian and South African the most closely related. With the exception of Turkish isolates, multiple independent Cyp51A mutation events (which confer insensitivity to demethylation inhibitor fungicides) between countries and within regions was evident, with strong selection for a transposable element insertion at the 3' end of the promoter and counterselection elsewhere. Individuals from Western Australia shared genomic regions and Cyp51A haplotypes with South African isolates, suggesting a recent common origin.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Fine Motor Skills, a Surrogate of Motor Planning Ability, at Age 2 Predict Social Skills at Age 6
Authors: Goto Satoko , Nishimura Tomoko , Okumura Akemi , Harada Taeko , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Sumiya Motofumi , Senju Atsushi , Tsuchiya Kenji J.
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Motor planning is the cognitive process of planning necessary steps for achieving a purposeful movement and is specifically reflected through object manipulation. This study aimed to investigate whether fine motor skills, a surrogate of the motor planning ability of object manipulation, in early childhood are associated with later social skills, in a general-population birth cohort.

Methods:

A total of 913 children, participating in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children, were enrolled. Social skills were measured using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II, Socialization domain, at age 6 years. Fine motor skills were measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 14, 24, and 32 months. The associations between fine motor skills at ages 14, 24, and 32 months and social skills at age 6 years were tested separately through multivariable linear regression after adjusting for covariates, including gross motor and language skills at the contemporaneous age, autistic symptoms at age 6 years, and demographic factors.

Results:

Fine motor skills at 24 and 32 months were significantly associated with social skills at age 6 years (at 24 months: nonstandardized regression coefficient = 1.38 [95% CI, 0.50–2.26], p = 0.002; at 32 months: 1.47 [0.56–2.38], p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Fine motor skills in early childhood predicted social skills at age 6 years, indicating an association between the complex motor planning ability of object manipulation and later social skills. Children who demonstrate fine motor delay at as early an age as 2 years should be closely monitored by child professionals.
Improving Inverse Probability Weighting by Post-calibrating Its Propensity Scores
Authors: Gutman Rom , Karavani Ehud , Shimoni Yishai
Published: April 2024

Theoretical guarantees for causal inference using propensity scores are partially based on the scores behaving like conditional probabilities. However, prediction scores between zero and one do not necessarily behave like probabilities, especially when output by flexible statistical estimators. We perform a simulation study to assess the error in estimating the average treatment effect before and after applying a simple and well-established postprocessing method to calibrate the propensity scores. We observe that postcalibration reduces the error in effect estimation and that larger improvements in calibration result in larger improvements in effect estimation. Specifically, we find that expressive tree-based estimators, which are often less calibrated than logistic regression-based models initially, tend to show larger improvements relative to logistic regression-based models. Given the improvement in effect estimation and that postcalibration is computationally cheap, we recommend its adoption when modeling propensity scores with expressive models.
Impact of Gabapentin on Postoperative Hypotension in Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocols for Microvascular Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Muetterties Corbin E. , Taylor Jeremiah M. , Kaeding Diana E. , Rosales Morales Ricardo , Nguyen Anissa V. , Kwan Lorna , Tseng Charles Y. , Delong Michael R. , Festekjian Jaco H.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been associated with hypotensive episodes after autologous breast reconstruction. Gabapentin (Gaba), a nonopioid analgesic used in ERAS, has been shown to attenuate postoperative hemodynamic responses. This study assesses ERAS’s impact, with and without Gaba, on postoperative hypotension after microvascular breast reconstruction.

Methods:

Three cohorts were studied: traditional pathway, ERAS + Gaba, and ERAS no-Gaba. We evaluated length of stay, inpatient narcotic use [morphine milligram equivalents (MME)], mean systolic blood pressure, hypotension incidence, and complications. The traditional cohort was retrospectively reviewed, whereas the ERAS groups were enrolled prospectively after the initiation of the protocol in April 2019 (inclusive of Gaba until October 2022).

Results:

In total, 441 patients were analyzed. The three cohorts, in the order mentioned above, were similar in age and bilateral reconstruction rates (57% versus 61% versus 60%). The ERAS cohorts, both with and without Gaba, had shorter stays (P < 0.01). Inpatient MME was significantly less in the ERAS + Gaba cohort than the traditional or ERAS no-Gaba cohorts (medians: 112 versus 178 versus 158 MME, P < 0.01). ERAS + Gaba significantly increased postoperative hypotensive events on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 2, with notable reduction after Gaba removal (P < 0.05). Across PODs 0–2, mean systolic blood pressure was highest in the traditional cohort, followed by ERAS no-Gaba, then the ERAS + Gaba cohort (P < 0.05). Complication rates were similar across all cohorts.

Conclusions:

Postmicrovascular breast reconstruction, ERAS + Gaba reduced overall inpatient narcotic usage, but increased hypotension incidence. Gaba removal from the ERAS protocol reduced postoperative hypotension incidence while maintaining similar stay lengths and complication rates.
The Tree Flap: A Novel Modification of the Hatchet Flap for Lower One-third Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Chia Jake , Reddy Chaithanya
Published: April 2024

Nasal reconstruction after skin cancer excision has routinely been challenging without any aesthetic sequelae, and any defects on the nose are readily noticeable. To circumvent this problem, surgeons have developed different flap techniques to mobilize adjacent tissue to repair aesthetically sensitive defects. We describe our experience, outcomes, and valuable tips for using the “tree flap,” a novel modification of the hatchet flap that extends the back cut to significantly increase mobility, leaving only a small skin paddle to maintain perfusion to the flap. The combination of undermining, a rotatory component, and minimal skin attachment allows radical mobility without compromising blood supply. Thus, the tree flap allows for reconstruction of defects of the dorsum of the nose and defects near the nasal tip with ease, given both advancement and rotational movements. Compared with other local flaps such as the shark pedicle flap or bilobed flap, the tree flap has a similar learning curve, minimal donor site morbidity, and equivalent aesthetic outcome. It may be used to repair larger defects that may not be amenable to the bilobed flap as an alternative to a full-thickness skin graft. In our experience, the tree flap also has the advantage of a lower rate of pin cushioning when compared with other options such as the bilobed flap. The tree flap has great mobility and is a reliable option for reconstruction of the lower one-third of the nose with excellent aesthetic results and minimal complications.
Potential utility of l-carnitine for preventing liver tumors derived from metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Lyu Junyan , Okada Hikari , Sunagozaka Hajime , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Shimakami Tetsuro , Nio Kouki , Murai Kazuhisa , Shirasaki Takayoshi , Yoshida Mika , Arai Kuniaki , Yamashita Tatsuya , Tanaka Takuji , Harada Kenichi , Takamura Toshinari , Kaneko Shuichi , Yamashita Taro , Honda Masao
Published: April 2024

Background:

Recent reports have unveiled the potential utility of l-carnitine to alleviate metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by enhancing mitochondrial metabolic function. However, its efficacy at preventing the development of HCC has not been assessed fully.

Methods:

l-carnitine (2 g/d) was administered to 11 patients with MASH for 10 weeks, and blood liver function tests were performed. Five patients received a serial liver biopsy, and liver histology and hepatic gene expression were evaluated using this tissue. An atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mouse model received long-term l-carnitine administration, and liver histology and liver tumor development were evaluated.

Results:

Ten-week l-carnitine administration significantly improved serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels along with a histological improvement in the NAFLD activity score, while steatosis and fibrosis were not improved. Gene expression profiling revealed a significant improvement in the inflammation and profibrotic gene signature as well as the recovery of lipid metabolism. Long-term l-carnitine administration to atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mice substantially improved liver histology (inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis) and significantly reduced the incidence of liver tumors. l-carnitine directly reduced the expression of the MASH-associated and stress-induced transcriptional factor early growth response 1. Early growth response 1 activated the promoter activity of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9), an oncogenic protein. Thus, l-carnitine reduced the activation of the NEDD9, focal adhesion kinase 1, and AKT oncogenic signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

Short-term l-carnitine administration ameliorated MASH through its anti-inflammatory effects. Long-term l-carnitine administration potentially improved the steatosis and fibrosis of MASH and may eventually reduce the risk of HCC.
The Role of Schools in Meningococcal Carriage Among Adolescents and Young Adults in South Australia
Authors: Mohammed Hassen , Peut Christian , McMillan Mark , Wang Bing , Sullivan Thomas R. , Marshall Helen S.
Published: April 2024

Neisseria meningitidis carriage peaks in adolescents. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NCT03089086) assessing 4CMenB herd protection in South Australia (“B-Part-of-It” study) explored school attributes linked to baseline carriage in 34,489 adolescents prevaccination. Carriage was higher in students attending single-sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.93], boarding (aOR: 1.92; 1.13–3.27) and government schools (aOR: 1.32, 1.09–1.61).
Real-world experience quantifying access to JAK inhibitor care for alopecia areata patients: a patient-centered survey study
Authors: Nohria Ambika , Zhang Ya-Han (Crystal) , Desai Deesha , Lee Alison , Anderson Lisa , Shapiro Jerry , Senna Maryanne , Lo Sicco Kristen
Published: April 2024

Background:

Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for alopecia areata (AA); however, access may be limited by a lack of insurance coverage and high out-of-pocket costs.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate real-world patient experiences regarding access to JAKi therapy.

Methods:

We conducted an online patient-centered survey using the National Alopecia Areata Foundation listserv.

Results:

In total 784 individuals initiated our survey, and 600 completed it in full (76.5%). While more non-White patients considered obtaining JAKi therapy, more White patients reported the use of this medication class. In total, 74.2% lacked insurance coverage or had partial coverage for JAKi, and 52% expressed dissatisfaction with available coverage. However, 52.9% reported delays in starting medication due to insurance approval processes, contributing to worsened AA and related stress. In total, 35% of patients did not try to obtain JAKi therapy due to concerns about costs, and 18.2% discontinued therapy due to financial barriers. Also, 19.8% of patients reported utilizing financial savings to pay for medication, and 55.2% reported using a copay assistance card. Further, 12.2% reported forgoing other necessities to pay for AA expenses.

Limitations:

Our results are limited by the subjective nature of survey studies. The recency of FDA approval for JAKi therapy may also influence patients’ perceptions of access to care.

Conclusion:

Patients with AA face significant barriers when trying to obtain JAKi therapy, and existing racial inequities may be exacerbated by these barriers. Further advocacy work is needed to improve access to care.