bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Properties of MIL‐101.
Authors: Henschel Antje , Gedrich Kristina , Kraehnert Ralph , Kaskel Stefan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Arylcyanation of Unactivated Olefins via C—CN Bond Activation.
Authors: Watson Mary P. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Leaving Group in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substituted Reactions (SNAr).
Authors: Bakavoli Mehdi , Pordel Mehdi , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Jahandari Pooneh
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Assembly of Allenes, 1,3‐Dienes, and 4H‐Pyrans by Catalytic Regioselective Nucleophilic Addition to Electron‐Deficient 1,3‐Conjugated Enynes.
Authors: Yu Xiuzhao , Ren Hongjun , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes over Ketones with Sodium Tris(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borohydride.
Authors: Kuroiwa Yasutaka , Matsumura Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted and Ln(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Homo‐Conjugate Addition of N‐Heteroaromatics to Activated Cyclopropane Derivatives.
Authors: Uddin Md. Imam , Mimoto Akiko , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Promoted N‐Arylations of Aryl Halides with Amines.
Authors: Huang He , Yan Xiuhua , Zhu Weiliang , Liu Hong , Jiang Hualiang , Chen Kaixian
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation by Direct Functionalization of C—H Bonds Adjacent to Heteroatoms.
Authors: Li Zhiping , Yu Rong , Li Haijun
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Allyl Halides with α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Ring Closing Metathesis and Hydrosilylation Reaction in Aqueous Medium by Grubbs Second Generation Ruthenium Catalyst.
Authors: Polshettiwar Vivek , Varma Rajender S.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct, Facile Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐α‐amino Amides from α‐Keto Esters and Ammonia.
Authors: Ntaganda Rukundo , Milovic Tamara , Tiburcio Jorge , Thadani Avinash N.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of [2.n]Metacyclophane‐1,2‐diones.
Authors: Saisyo Tatsunori , Shiino Mikiko , Shimizu Tomoe , Paudel Arjun , Yamato Takehiko
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Dendrimers Containing Two Ferrocenyl Units and a Frechet Dendron Around a Triazine Nucleus.
Authors: Xu Dongmei , Wang Wei , Gesua Daniel , Kaifer Angel E.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Allylideneamines and Their Use for the Double Nucleophilic Addition of Ketene Silyl (Thio)acetals and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: Mizota Isao , Matsuda Yuri , Hachiya Iwao , Shimizu Makoto
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of ω‐Hydroxy Ketones from Lactones.
Authors: Yang Shao‐Bo , Gan Feng‐Feng , Chen Guo‐Ju , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General One‐Step Synthesis of β‐Nitronitriles.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Blake Alexander J. , Mills Matthew , Ratcliffe Paul D.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active Boron—Silicon Bifunctional Cyclopropane Derivatives Through Enantioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Allylic Carbonates with a Diboron Derivative.
Authors: Ito Hajime , Kosaka Yuki , Nonoyama Kousuke , Sasaki Yusuke , Sawamura Masaya
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of Alkenylstannanes Derived from Base‐Sensitive Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Fordyce Euan A. F. , Luebbers Thomas , Lam Hon Wai
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Reactions: A Cascade Consisting of a Michael Addition and an Aldehyde α‐Alkylation.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wang Chuan , Bats Jan W.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions of Danishefsky Type Dienes with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Catalyzed by Yb(III)‐BINAMIDE Complexes.
Authors: Sudo Yukinori , Shirasaki Daisuke , Harada Shinji , Nishida Atsushi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Arylcyclopenta‐1,3‐dienes from Cyclopenteno‐spiro‐benzosultams: Synthesis of 2‐Arylnorbornenes.
Authors: Modrzejewska Helena , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted Olefins via Catalytic Alkyne Hydrothiolation/Kumada Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Sabarre Anthony , Love Jennifer
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Bifunctional Thiourea/Secondary‐Amine Organocatalysts for the Highly Stereoselective Nitro‐Mannich Reaction of α‐Substituted Nitroacetates.
Authors: Han Bo , Liu Qing‐Ping , Li Rui , Tian Xu , Xiong Xiao‐Feng , Deng Jin‐Gen , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)/Picolinic Acid Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Hydrazides.
Authors: Lam Miu Suen , Lee Hang Wai , Chan Albert S. C. , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusually Stable, Versatile, and Pure Arenediazonium Tosylates: Their Preparation, Structures, and Synthetic Applicability.
Authors: Filimonov Victor D. , Trusova Marina , Postnikov Pavel , Krasnokutskaya Elena A. , Lee Young Min , Hwang Ho Yun , Kim Hyunuk , Chi Ki‐Whan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Heck—Mizoroki Coupling Protocol for Challenging Substrates Mediated by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Ligated Palladacycle.
Authors: Kantchev Eric Assen B. , Peh Guang‐Rong , Zhang Chi , Ying Jackie Y.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Aryl Chlorides with Oxygen Nucleophiles at Atmospheric Pressure. Preparation of Phenyl Esters as Acyl Transfer Agents and the Direct Preparation of Alkyl Esters and Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Watson Donald A. , Fan Xuexiang , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins by Stereoselective Allylzincation—Negishi Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfones.
Authors: Li Jianying , You Shengyong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of a Range of Reversible Addition—Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents.
Authors: Skey Jared , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1‐(3‐Bromo‐3,3‐difluoroprop‐1‐ynyl)benzenes in Diels—Alder Reactions: Synthesis of ortho‐CF2Br‐Substituted Biaryls.
Authors: Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Shastin Aleksey V. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Haufe Guenter
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium 2‐(2‐Pyridin‐3‐ylethylamino)ethyl Sulfonate: An Efficient Ligand and Base for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Pawar Shivaji S. , Uppalla Lavkumar S. , Shingare Murlidhar S. , Thore Shivaji N.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Cytotoxic Marine Macrolides: Callipeltoside A, Aurisides A and B, and Dolastatin 19
Authors: Paterson Ian , Findlay Alison D.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reactions: Toward the Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products with Anticancer Activities
Authors: Reymond Sebastien , Ferrie Laurent , Guerinot Amandine , Capdevielle Patrice , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIP: A Powerful Broensted Acid Catalyst for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Adair Gareth , Mukherjee Santanu , List Benjamin
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N,P‐ and P,P‐Acetals
Authors: Yamashita M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Science of Champagne Bubbles
Authors: Liger‐Belair Gerard , Polidori Guillaume , Jeandet Philippe
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Wrapping: A Molecular Marker for Association, Aggregation and Drub Design
Authors: Fernandez Ariel , Crespo Alejandro
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Current State for the Development of Metallopharmaceutics and Antidiabetic Metal Complexes
Authors: Sakurai Hiromu , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Yasui Hiroyuki
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Directions in Co‐Crystal Growth
Authors: Blagden Nicholas , Berry David J. , Parkin Andrew , Javed Hafsa , Ibrahim Asim , Gavan Pauline T. , De Matos Luciana L. , Seaton Colin C.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Measurement of Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Small Animals
Authors: Temma Takashi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Morphosynthesis by space resolved thermal polymerization induced by IR lasers
Authors: Corbel S. , Grisoni B. , Jezequel J. Y. , Andre J. C.
Published: January 2009

This paper describes a process for the manufacture of three‐dimensional objects, layer by layer, using thermal irradiation by moving the beam of a computer controlled CO2 laser. Computer simulations of the system performance under different experimental conditions (for example, irradiation time, characteristics of the reactive medium), combined with experiments prove the feasibility of the process. The objects are spatially well resolved since the reactive area is matched with the laser beam surface area.
Continuous separation of mixed solids using a rotating‐screen fluidized bed
Authors: Beeckmans J. M. , Yu Z.
Published: January 2009

The rotating‐screen fluidized bed was shown to be an efficient separator for particles in the size range 1 ‐ 5 mm immersed in a fluidizing medium composed of finer particles. Destruction of bubbles by the rotating screens attenuated wake‐induced vertical mixing to an extent that permitted the device to approximate a liquid phase float/sink separator. A theoretical model gave realistic values for diffusivity and differential settling velocities, but was incompatible with the observed lack of influence of bed depth on separation effectiveness.
Electrohydrodynamic deformation of the sample stream in continuous‐flow electrophoresis with an ac electric field
Authors: Clifton M.J. , Balmann HÉLÈNe Roux‐De , Sanchez Victor
Published: January 2009

A cross‐section illumination device is used to observe and measure sample stream deformation in continuous‐flow electrophoresis under the influence of an AC electric field. These observations are interpreted in terms of the electrohydrodynamic effect due to local non‐uniformity in the solution conductivity. A comparison is made between these observations and a numerical model.
Mixing of newtonian and non‐newtonian liquids: Screw agitator and draft coil system
Authors: Carreau P. J. , Paris J. , Guérin P.
Published: January 2009

Mixing efficiency and power consumption have been investigated for several Newtonian and non‐Newtonian liquids in a novel system consisting of a screw agitator rotating in a draft coil. For Reynolds numbers larger than 50, the inertial forces increase the pumping capacity of the screw impeller and hence its mixing efficiency. Shear‐thinning effects can be accounted for by taking the effective rate of deformation to be proportional to the impeller rotational speed. Elasticity effects could be satisfactorily correlated with the Weissenberg number. The ratio of the mixing time to the average circulation time is constant. The power number could not be correlated with the Reynolds number; however, the ratio of the power number to the circulation number is inversely proportional to the Reynolds number for Newtonian as well as for shear‐thinning inelastic fluids. The power consumption for elastic fluids is much larger.
Flow of slightly settling slurries in a horizontal rotary drum
Authors: Masliyah J.H. , Afacan A. , Wong A.K.M. , Nasr‐El‐Din H.A.
Published: January 2009

An experimental study was conducted to examine the flow of slightly settling slurries in a horizontal rotary drum. The effects of the slurry flow rate, feed solids concentration, particle settling velocity and drum rotational speed on the hold‐up solids concentration were investigated.

At low drum speeds, the hold‐up solids concentration was much higher than that of the feed. However, at higher drum speeds, the hold‐up solids concentration approached that in the feed. At a given drum speed, the hold‐up solids concentration was found to vary linearly with the feed solids concentration. A semi‐empirical correlation was developed to predict the hold‐up solids concentration using the drum Froude number, the single particle drag coefficient and a dimensionless slurry feed rate.
Analysis of laminar flow forced convection heat transfer with uniform heating in the entrance region of a circular tube
Authors: Al‐Ali Habib H. , Sami Selim M.
Published: January 2009

A new integral or boundary‐layer solution for laminar flow heat transfer in the combined entrance region of a circular tube is presented for the case of constant wall heat flux. The solution is based on the hydrodynamic inlet‐filled region concept originally proposed by Ishizawa (1966) and later adopted by Mohanty and Asthana (1978) to hydrodynamically developing flow through a circular tube. Unlike available boundary‐layer solutions, the new analysis provides results which join smoothly and asymptotically to the fully developed values. Results for the Nusselt number were found to agree favorably with available numerical solutions.
Modélisation d'un four de calcination du coke de pétrole: I. Le modèle
Authors: Perron J. , Nguyen H. T. , Bui R. T.
Published: January 2009

Dans ce premier d'une série de deux articles, un modèle mathématique à une dimension en régime établi a été développé sur ordinateur pour simuler en détail le procédé de la calcination du coke de pétrole dans les fours rotatifs.

Les 14 équations différentielles ordinaires de conservation de l'énergie dans le coke et le gaz, ainsi que celles de la conservation de la masse et des espèces chimiques dans le coke et le gaz sont solutionnées simultanément avec la méthode numérique de Adams‐Moulton du 4ème ordre. Le modéle calcule les profils des différentes températures du procédé ainsi que ceux des concentrations massiques des différentes espèces chimiques rencontrées dans le procédé. Une attention particulière est apportée au calcul des variables utiles du procédé telles le facteur de récupération du coke calciné et la production des particules de poussière qui s'échappent du four avec le gaz.

Dans le deuxième article, une simulation complète sera entreprise en faisant usage du modèle ainsi développé. Une comparaison sera faite avec les modèles existants.
The effect of oxygen upon the kinetics of enzyme inactivation: In vitro investigations using glutamine synthetase
Authors: Saville Bradley A. , Persi Steven
Published: January 2009

The relationship between enzyme inactivation and the concentration of oxygen in the reaction environment was studied using glutamine synthetase. Batch incubations of the enzyme were conducted under different oxygen partial pressures in a mixed‐function oxidase model system. Enzyme activity was monitored using a transferase reaction assay.

Studies showed that oxygen was necessary for inactivation to occur. Furthermore, for oxygen partial pressures up to 61kPa, the rate of inactivation increased linearly with partial pressure. Rates of inactivation ranged from 0.0172+/−0.0038 min‐1 at 15 kPa to 0.0591+/−0.0045 min‐1 at 61 kPa. However, at partial pressures of 61, 81, and 101 kPa, rates of inactivation were statistically identical.
The use of transient methods to probe the kinetics of the fischer‐tropsch synthesis on ruthenium part i: Methane transient
Authors: Mcgenity P. M. , Shang S. B. , Kenney C. N. , Patterson B. W.
Published: January 2009

The kinetics of methane formation during the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The catalysts employed were ruthenium supported on oxide supports, i.e. Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, ZrO2 and TiO2. The experimental technique consisted of step changes between feed compositions. Four mechanistically based models were used to fit the transient experimental data. The results show that models based on direct dissociation of carbon monoxide perform better than those based on dissociation of carbon monoxide via a hydrogenated intermediate CHxO. It is concluded that the application of simplified elementary step modelling to transient responses in the Fischer‐Tropsch reaction provides a valuable tool in probing the kinetics of methane formation.
A new method for predicting thermal conductivity of pure organic liquids and their mixtures
Authors: Arikol Mahir , Gürbüz Hilal
Published: January 2009

A new method based on Enskog's hard sphere theory for dense fluids and the principle of corresponding states is presented for predicting thermal conductivity of pure organic liquids and their mixtures. The thermal conductivities of alkanes, isoalkanes, aromatics, aldehydes, esters and ketones were calculated using this method which requires only critical properties and normal boiling point as input data. The predictions were compared with experimental data and other prediction methods over a wide range of temperatures (0.3 < Tr < 0.8) and highly satisfactory results were obtained. The method was also extended to mixtures employing simple mixing rules for calculating mixture properties.
Thermal stability of chloroform in the steam‐condensate cycle of CANDU‐PHW nuclear power plant
Authors: Lépine Louis , Gilbert Roland , Ouellet Lorenzo
Published: January 2009

Analysis of samples taken at the Gentilly 2 (Québec) CANDU‐PHW (CANadian Deuterium Uranium ‐ Pressurized Heavy Water) plant after chlorination and demineralization revealed the presence of all four trihalomethanes (THMs) (CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and other unidentified halogenated volatile compounds. Among the THMs, chloroform was the major contaminant. A study of its thermal stability in water at different temperatures confirmed the degradation of the CHCl3 molecule according to the equation CHCl3 + H2O → CO + 3 HCl. The reaction follow a first order kinetics and has an activation energy of 100 kJ/mol. The estimated half‐life is six seconds at 260°C, the maximum temperature of the steam‐condensate cycle.
Effect of calcium chloride on vapor‐liquid equilibria of alcohol‐alcohol and alcohol‐water binary systems
Authors: Kumagae Yoshio , Mishima Kenji , Hongo Masaru , Kusunoki Mitsuhisa , Arai Yasuhiko
Published: January 2009

The vapor‐liquid equilibria of three alcohol‐alcohol binary mixtures (methanol‐ethanol, methanol‐1‐propanol and ethanol‐1‐propanol) and three alcohol‐water binary mixtures (methanol‐water, ethanol‐water and allyl alcohol‐water) containing calcium chloride were measured at 298.15 K using a flow‐type apparatus. The measured data of each ternary system were correlated by the use of a semi‐empirical model proposed by Hála. It was found that the model with the optimal value of the exponent β = 5.0 in the electrostatic interaction term, originally given as 3/2 by Hála, gives reasonable prediction to all the systems in this study.
Performance assessment measures for univariate feedback control
Authors: Desborough Lane , Harris Thomas
Published: January 2009

A normalized performance index, η(b), is introduced to characterize the performance of feedback control schemes. η(b) is attractive because it provides a measure of the proximity of control to minimum variance control, which is the optimal feedback control provided that the process can be described by a linear transfer function with additive disturbance. Both time domain and spectral interpretations of this performance index are discussed. A fast, simple, on‐line method for estimating η(b) is given, along with some of the statistical properties of the estimator. Simulation and industrial examples demonstrate the utility of η(b/)
3‐D comparative behaviour of discrete transfer and imaginary planes methods for furnace modelling
Authors: Charette A. , Haidekker A. , Kocaefe Y. S.
Published: January 2009

The discrete transfer and imaginary planes methods are compared for accuracy and computation time in cartesian and cylindrical enclosures filled with grey gas. The reference solutions are given by the classical zone method. Comparisons are done for surface heat fluxes and gas radiative sources. A wide range of surface emissivities and gas absorption coefficients is analysed. In general, the discrete transfer method reveals superior for accuracy but consumes more computation time. The imaginary planes method loses accuracy when a high number of spatial divisions is used, however it is easy to apply.
Neural network based adaptive control via temporal pattern recognition
Authors: Megan Lawrence , Cooper Douglas J.
Published: January 2009

This paper presents a neural network approach to adaptive control through pattern recognition techniques. Two interconnected backpropagation networks are trained to translate error patterns resulting from sustained set point changes into predictions of mismatch between current internal model parameters, model gain and model time constant, and those which restore desired performance. The network predictions are then used to update a model based PI controller. The strategy is demonstrated on two simulations and a pilot scale process which are undergoing severe changes in model gain and time constant. The strategy compares favorably against a more traditional rule based pattern recognition approach.
Slow immiscible displacement flow in disordered porous media
Authors: Kiriakidis D.G. , Neale G.H. , Mitsoulis E.
Published: January 2009

The immiscible displacement of a wetting fluid by a non‐wetting fluid in a disordered porous medium is studied in the capillary region, i.e. when capillary forces are dominant, by using the invasion percolation model to describe the displacement mechanism. The porous medium is represented by a two‐dimensional network of interconnected capillaries whose radii follow a uniform size distribution. Disorder is assigned to the medium by considering the probabilities of occurrence of inaccessible pores, ps, and non‐conductive capillaries, pb. It is found that the dynamic behaviour of the displacing fluid and the fraction of invaded pores depend on the degree of disorder of the medium. The results can provide an interpretation of the effects of the dead‐end pore volume on the oil recovery and the displacement behaviour.
Synthesis, Chiral Resolution and Pharmacological Evaluation of a 2,3‐Benzodiazepine‐Derived Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Calabrò Maria Luisa , Raneri Daniela , Ficarra Paola , Mennini Tiziana , Colleoni Simona , Grazioso Giovanni , Micale Nicola , Zappalà Maria , Grasso Silvana
Published: January 2009

2,3‐Benzodiazepine derivatives: 1‐(4‐Aminophenyl)‐3,5‐dihydro‐3‐N‐ethylcarbamoyl‐5‐methyl‐7,8‐methylenedioxy‐4H‐2,3‐benzodiazepin‐4‐one was synthesized, and its enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Pharmacological evaluation of each enantiomer showed that (S)‐(−)‐5 appears to be more potent than its optical antipode (R)‐(+)‐5 in an AMPA receptor binding assay.

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The resolution of 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐3,5‐dihydro‐3‐N‐ethylcarbamoyl‐5‐methyl‐7,8‐methylenedioxy‐4H‐2,3‐benzodiazepin‐4‐one (R,S)‐(±)‐5 by chiral HPLC and assignment of the absolute configuration of the two enantiomers was carried out. Compound (R,S)‐(±)‐5 and its enantiomers were tested in a binding assay to evaluate their affinity for AMPA receptors. Enantiomer (S)‐(−)‐5 appears to be more potent than its optical antipode (R)‐(+)‐5. In a primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells, which express AMPA receptors, (R,S)‐(±)‐5 and (S)‐(−)‐5 inhibited kainate‐ induced [Ca2+]i increase, thus confirming the antagonism at the AMPA receptor.
Rapid measurements of diffusion using PFG: Developments and applications of the Difftrain pulse sequence
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan , Johns Michael L.
Published: January 2009

Pulsed‐field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the few experimental techniques that can determine directly mean square molecular displacements, allowing self‐diffusion coefficient of liquids to be derived. PFG measurements are used commonly for diffusion, flow, and microstructure characterization. However, these conventional PFG experiments are often time consuming, requiring the gradient strength or observation time to be incremented independently. Here we discuss how the rapid Difftrain pulse sequence has proved invaluable in the study of time sensitive systems by allowing multiple observation times to be probed in a single scan. Difftrain has been applied successfully to the study of emulsions, surfactant solutions, bead packs, and permeable rock cores. We discuss various implementations of the Difftrain pulse sequence, suggest suitable phase cycles, and review the applications to date. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 1–15, 2009.
Compact magnets for magnetic resonance
Authors: Demas Vasiliki , Prado Pablo J.
Published: January 2009

This article provides an introduction to magnetic material properties and an overview of compact permanent magnet designs. The descriptions are focused on portable magnetic resonance instruments, including in‐magnet and open configurations. A few examples are presented for spectroscopy as well as for space‐resolved and relaxation measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 48–59, 2009.
The Molecular Cat
Authors: Pedio Maddalena , Chergui Majed
Published: January 2009

A manifestation of electronic entanglement in core‐level spectroscopic measurements of diatomic molecules, reported recently by Schöffler and co‐workers, is discussed. The results are reminiscent of Schrödinger′s famous Gedanken experiment with the cat (see picture).

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A Versatile Bisporphyrinoid Motif for Supramolecular Chirogenesis (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2/2009)
Authors: Borovkov Victor , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

The cover picture shows a phenomenon of supramolecular chirogenesis in an achiral bisporphyrinoid host upon noncovalent interaction with chiral antipodal guests. This host–guest interaction results in the phenomenon of chirality transfer followed by the induction of circular dichroism in the porphyrin electronic transitions. Details are presented in the Microreview by V. Borovkov and Y. Inoue on p. 189 ff.
Amperometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Chromium Hexacyanoferrate/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Guangfeng , Zhang Xiaojun , Fang Bin
Published: January 2009

Chemical functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has constructed plenty of new structures with useful properties. But the modification was often confined to organic molecules, either by covalence or noncovalence. In this report, SWNTs were successfully functionalized with one kind of electroactive inorganic compounds: chromium hexacyanoferrate (Cr hcf). The resulting Cr hcf/SWNTs nanocomposites were confirmed by Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cr hcf crystallites are observed to be finely attached to the SWNTs. The electrochemical properties of Cr hcf/SWNTs nanocomposites were also investigated. The nanocomposites modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode shows high electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 and the amperometric responses show a linear dependence on the concentration of H2O2 in a range of 0.5 μM to 10 mM (R=0.9989). In addition, the sensor has good stability and reproducibility.
Electrochemical Properties of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Film Adsorbed onto a Self‐Assembled Alkanethiol Monolayer on Gold Electrode
Authors: Zheng Dan , Ye Jianshan , Zhou Liang , Zhang Yang , Yu Chengzhong
Published: January 2009

A stable ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) film electrode was successfully constructed by adsorbing OMC onto a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of C18H37SH chemisorbed on the Au electrode. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical methods were used to characterize the properties of the OMC film electrode. The adsorbed OMC can restore the heterogeneous electron transfer almost totally blocked by the alkanethiol monolayer. Nyquist plots show a sharply decrease of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3-/4-}}}$ couple at the OMC film electrode. Furthermore, the OMC film electrode is found to possess a significantly reduced interfacial capacitance and largely enhanced current response of hydrogen peroxide. This novel approach to the fabrication of stable OMC film electrode with excellent electrochemical properties is believed to be very attractive for electrochemical studies and electroanalytical applications.
Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Immobilized on Colloidal Gold‐Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite for Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: You Juan , Ding Weiping , Ding Shijia , Ju Huangxian
Published: January 2009

A novel nanocomposite of colloidal gold (GNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanotubes (Hap) was prepared for immobilization of a redox protein, hemoglobin (Hb), on glassy carbon electrode. The immobilized Hb showed fast direct electron transfer and excellent electrocatalytic behavior toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A synergic effect between GNPs and Hap for accelerating the surface electron transfer of Hb was observed, which led to a pair of redox peaks with a formal potential of (−340±2) mV at pH 7.0, and a new biosensor for hydrogen peroxide with a linear range from 0.5 to 25 μM and a limit of detection of 0.2 μM at 3σ. Owing to the good biocompatibility of the nanocomposite, the biosensor exhibited good stability and acceptable reproducibility. The as‐prepared nanocomposite film provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensor preparation.
New Electrocatalytic Reactions at a Mercury Electrode in the Presence of Homocysteine or Cysteine and Cobalt or Nickel Ions
Authors: Galík Michal , Bănică Florinel‐Gabriel , Bănică Ana , Švancara Ivan , Vytřas Karel
Published: January 2009

Homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) mercury thiolate layers were prepared by anodic polarization of a mercury electrode in amino acid containing solutions and then investigated in the cathodic regime in the presence of Ni2+ or Co2+ ions. The sulfhydryl function in the mercury thiolate undergoes a slow disintegration resulting in surface‐attached mercury sulfide. During the cathodic scan, Hg2+ substitution by Ni2+ or Co2+ yields minute amounts of the relevant metal sulfide. Such a species catalyzes hydrogen evolution at −1.3 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl(3 M). Hcy experiences a faster decomposition and, consequently, displays a stronger catalytic effect. Each compound catalyzes the reduction of Ni2+ or Co2+, but only Cys (bound in metal complexes) induces typical catalytic hydrogen evolution processes such as the Brdička reaction (with Co2+; pH around 9), or the catalytic hydrogen prewave (CHP) (with Ni2+; pH near 7). On the other hand, Hcy catalyzes the hydrogen evolution in the presence of Co2+ at −1.5 V in the same way than sulfur derivatives with no amine function do. Metal sulfide formation does not interfere with CHP and Brdička processes. Correlations between the physical state of the metal sulfide (adsorbed molecule or aggregate form) and its catalytic properties are discussed and possible analytical applications suggested.
Toughening study of fire‐retardant high‐impact polystyrene
Authors: Wenguang Cui , Yanlei Gao , Fen Guo
Published: January 2009

Fire‐retardant high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) was modified by melt blending with varying amounts of three types of tougheners. The effects of the tougheners on the properties of the fire‐retardant HIPS were studied by mechanical, combustion tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphologies of fracture surfaces and char layers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the impact properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)‐containing composites were better than those of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)‐containing or ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)‐containing composites. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the fire‐retardant HIPS decreased evidently with the addition of tougheners. It is found that the compatibility between SBS copolymer and HIPS matrix was best among the three types of tougheners. The addition of SBS had little influence on the thermal property, residue, flammability, and morphology of char layer of the fire‐retardant HIPS, but the addition of EPDM rubber or EVA brought adverse influence on the residue, flammability, and morphology of char layer of the fire‐retardant HIPS, especially for EPDM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meshless Galerkin analysis of Stokes slip flow with boundary integral equations
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Zhu Jialin
Published: January 2009

This paper presents a novel meshless Galerkin scheme for modeling incompressible slip Stokes flows in 2D. The boundary value problem is reformulated as boundary integral equations of the first kind which is then converted into an equivalent variational problem with constraint. We introduce a Lagrangian multiplier to incorporate the constraint and apply the moving least‐squares approximations to generate trial and test functions. In this boundary‐type meshless method, boundary conditions can be implemented exactly and system matrices are symmetric. Unlike the domain‐type method, this Galerkin scheme requires only a nodal structure on the bounding surface of a body for approximation of boundary unknowns. The convergence and abstract error estimates of this new approach are given. Numerical examples are also presented to show the efficiency of the method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.