bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Ability does not and cannot Correlate with Susceptibility to Anchoring Effects
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Schütz Astrid , Starker Ulrike
Published: October 2019

On a scale from 1 to 10, would you consider anchoring effects to be more or less important than a rating of 9? The seminal studies on anchoring effects are still surrounded by many mysteries regarding the question of how these effects come about. One of the mysteries is the influence of a person’s cognitive ability. Some studies found that cognitive abilities moderated participants’ susceptibility to anchoring, but others did not. We aimed to resolve these inconsistencies by making a distinction between informative and uninformative (e.g., random) anchors. In a preregistered online experiment, we tested the hypothesis that anchoring effects are weaker for people with higher cognitive abilities but that this relation only occurs if the anchors are perceived as random, and it vanishes if they are presented as informative. We found no support for the hypothesis. Results from a meta-analysis of 15 effects across our study and four other studies revealed no overall effect of cognitive ability on the susceptibility to anchoring, g = 0.003, 95% CI [-0.031, 0.037], Ntotal = 1165. Moreover, we observed that 10 items across three typical anchoring tasks had only very low internal consistency (α = .11). Our analysis of additional published and unpublished data confirmed that a person’s susceptibility to anchoring cannot be measured reliably. This explains why previous results on possible moderators of anchoring (e.g., studies on the Big Five or on fluid intelligence) have been highly inconsistent. We suggest that research on anchoring moderators needs to take a step back and develop a reliable measure for the susceptibility to anchoring.
Development and evidence of validity of the HIV risk perception scale for young people and adults in a Latin American context.
Authors: Ferrer Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

Background/objective: HIV/AIDS is a public health problem that is transmitted by sexual risk behaviors (SRB). Literature suggests that HIV risk perception is a motivator toward SRB prevention. There are no cultural adapted scale to assess HIV risk perception in the Latin American context. The objective of this research was to develop a scale to assess HIV risk perception in young people and adults in a Spanish-speaking context. Method: Cross-sectional instrumental study, with a time-space sample of students from the Chilean city with the highest HIV rates. Participants (n=524) has between 17 and 39 years old, where 51% are women, 84.4% said to be heterosexual and 43.7% said not to have been tested for HIV/AIDS. Results: final scale has 9 items and 2 dimensions: (1) Perceived risk susceptibility and (2) Perceived risk gravity. The identified structure provides adequate levels of reliability (ω>.8) and presents evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test (i.e. using ESEM) and on the relationship to other variables (i.e. risky sex behaviors scale). In addition to showing strong invariance between the measures of men and women. Conclusions: The HIV risk perception scale has adequate psychometric properties to assess HIV risk perception in equivalent samples.
Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study
Authors: Blackwell Anna Katherine Mary , De-loyde Katie , Brocklebank Laura A , Maynard Olivia M , Marteau Theresa , Hollands Gareth J , Fletcher Paul , Attwood Angela Suzanne , Morris Richard , Munafo Marcus Robert
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.
The Foraging Perspective in Criminology: A Review of Research Literature
Authors: Vandeviver Christophe , Neirynck Elias , Bernasco Wim
Published: October 2019

In order to explain how crimes are carried out, and why at a particular place and time and against a specific target, crime studies increasingly harness theory from behavioural ecology, in particular Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT). However, an overview of their main findings does not exist. Given the growing focus on OFT as a behavioural framework for structuring crime research, in this article we review the extant OFT-inspired empirical crime research. Systematic search in Google Scholar and Web of Science yielded 32 crime studies, which were grouped into four categories according to their research topic. Empirical results largely support predictions made by OFT. There remains much potential for future OFT applications to crime research, however, in particular regarding the theoretical foundation of OFT in criminology, and through the application of contemporary extensions to OFT using specific tools developed for the study of animal foraging decisions.
Mainstreaming and superdiversity: Beyond more integration
Authors: Meissner Fran
Published: October 2019

The emergent literature on mainstreaming immigrant integration frequently references the term ‘superdiversity’. The diversification of migration is put forward as one rationale for implementing measures to support immigrant integration across policy fields and across levels of policy making. In this chapter and against the backdrop of the book’s empirical work, I ask how else, beyond being a rationale for mainstreaming, thinking about superdiversity might add to debates about what is mainstreamed. I primarily advance the argument that a superdiversity lens is uniquely placed to critically examine whether the goal of mainstreaming should be integration and propose to consider the merits of thinking about convivial disintegration as a more adequate policy goal.
Godel's God
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: October 2019

Abstract This paper is on Godel’s proof of God and it’s incompleteness. A proof of God as presented by Godel is described, with the incompleteness or extensions to a absolute-relative definition in asymptotics. It is argued that like the wheel and propellor, God and Religions are an invention of man and must exist for faith as a grace or super-naturalism in a multi-universe setting.Keywords: Godel’s Proof, Incompleteness, absolute-relative, ontological definitions, higher order logic, asymptotic definitions, Namespaces, Taxonomy
Workshop pengelolaan lahan bekas tambang bagi aparatur pemerintah Nagari Sikabau dan Nagari Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya
Authors: Mubarak Adil , Syamsir Syamsir , Frinaldi Aldri
Published: October 2019

789 Hektare lahan di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung saat ini kondisinya sangat kritis khususnya di Nagari Sikabau dan Nagari Tebing Tinggi. Penyebab utamanya karena kegiatan eksploitasi sumber daya alam melalui aktivitas tambang emas rakyat sejak tahun 2005 yang tidak terbendung. Keadaan ini diperparah oleh kondisi masyarakat yang tidak peduli dan tidak mempunyai kesadaran terhadap pentingnya mengelola kelestarian lingkungan hidup. Pemerintah nagari sebagai ujung tombak dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup juga seperti kehilangan ide untuk memprakarsai satu tindakan konkret dalam menghadapi persoalan lingkungan di lahan bekas tambang tersebut. Penyebab utamanya adalah rendahnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan serta kapasitas aparatur dalam mengelola lingkungan di Lahan bekas tambang. Melalui Workshop (pendidikan dan pelatihan) dengan metode pendekatan pelatihan partsipatif aparatur telah memiliki pengetahuan, keahlian khusus bidang tatakelola lingkungan dan menjadi pilar utama dalam membangun masyarakat nagari yang sadar lingkungan.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui alih teknologi pembuatan makanan tambahan berbahan baku konsentrat protein ikan di Pulau Cawan Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Amin Bintal , Dewita Dewita , Yoswaty Dessy , Nurrachmi Irvina
Published: October 2019

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat Desa Pulau Cawan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir yang dilaksanakan berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan secara umum bertujuan agar masyarakat, (terutama kader Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga atau PKK), mendapat keterampilan dalam pengolahan pangan ikani dan membuka usaha mandiri. Pemanfaatan dan pengembangan Pulau Cawan sebagai kawasan ekowisata perlu diikuti dengan kegiatan yang dapat memberikan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitarnya. Dengan terbukanya lapangan kerja baru tersebut maka pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan ini diharapkan juga agar pada saat produksi ikan melimpah atau harga ikan sedang jatuh, dapat diselamatkan dengan cara mengolahnya menjadi berbagai produk olahan berbahan ikan khususnya produk jajanan snack dan cookies yang bernilai ekonomi dan bergizi tinggi. Kegiatan yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan dengan kerjasama mahasiswa peserta Kuliah Kerja Nyata mendapatkan sambutan yang baik dari masyarakat desa, terutama kader PKK, Kepala Desa dan juga dari Kepala Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Dengan bantuan peralatan yang diberikan untuk memproduksi tiga jenis makanan yang diajarkan dalam pelatihan maka peserta kegiatan akan dapat memberdayakan kelompoknya untuk membuka usaha dalam membuat produk makanan berbasis ikan tersebut. Kepala Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan bahkan berjanji akan memberikan bantuan lebih luas bagi pengembangan produksi yang dihasilkan tersebut, termasuk membantu sarana dan prasarana pemasarannya di wilayah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir.
Upaya pengembangan kuliner tradisional puluik pucung di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
Authors: Basri Basri , Yoserizal Yoserizal , Yesi Yesi
Published: October 2019

The traditional cuisine is usually full of flavors and is typical of certain regions. An example is a Puluik pucung in Kuantan Mudik. Puluik Pucung has only been made to fill the event, even though the potential to be marketed commercially is quite high. This empowerment activity is carried out in Kuantan Mudik Subdistrict, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The target of this activity is the village apparatus, the people of Kuantan Mudik Village who have the ability to make the Puluik Pucung. The purpose of the community empowerment activities are to form the variety of flavors and ways of developing and marketing the puluik pucung, and finding suitable media as a means of developing and marketing. The results of community service can be seen from the ability of the participants' understanding of the material presented was very good as seen from the questions presented at the discussion session. Participants are able to absorb and respond to the material presented by the extension team related to the potential for development and marketing of puluik pucung. This activity also provides knowledge to participants about the right and correct ways to develop the potential of other traditional cuisines to be known and likely by outside communities.
Penerapan teknologi pemanenan air hujan menuju desa mandiri air bersih di Pulau Merbau
Authors: Joleha Joleha , Sujatmoko Bambang , Djuniati Sri , Gussafri Haji , Bochari Bochari , Hendri Andy , Suprasman Suprasman
Published: October 2019

One of the efforts to overcome the clean water crisis in the archipelago, one of them is Merbau Island, is to make a simple technology that is used to accommodate excess water during the rainy season and next, the water can be utilized for various purposes when it has been needed. The technology is rainwater storage building (PAH). This community service activity was conducted by making a model of PAH building at one of the residents’ houses and conducting a counselling activity to residents in relation to both of calculation and planning of the PAH building, and also the importance of consuming clean water. The purposes of this community service are to give an understanding and increasing knowledge about the needed for rainwater harvesting technology so that daily clean water needs will be fulfilled by basic infrastructure of the ideal PAH system based on independent-communities. The volume of this rainwater reservoir is needed at 3 m3 (3,000 litres) from the roof area of 36 m2. This rainwater is used to meet the needs of drinking, cooking and washing of 15 litres/person/day. The number of residents in the house is 5 people. The results obtained from this activity are the construction of rainwater reservoirs with a volume of 1,000 litres with good and correct rainwater harvesting system equipment. Thus the lack of 2,000 litres of rainwater storage must be managed independently by the homeowner.
Pengenalan dan pemahaman bahaya pencemaran limbah plastik pada perairan di Kampung Sungai Kayu Ara Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad , Efizon Deni , Sumiarsih Eni , Windarti Windarti , Rusliadi Rusliadi , Putra Iskandar , Amin Bintal
Published: October 2019

Plastic waste pollution in the land and the river continues to rise. Plastic waste including marine pollution and debris can menyebab disrupt aquatic ecosystems. However, hazards of plastic waste pollution in the waters are still poorly understood by the public, especially for the people of Kampung Sungai Kayu Ara. To give knowledge to people in Kampung Sungai Kayu Ara Sungai Siak Apit about the dangers of plastic waste pollution in the rivers and sea required educational activities. So that more people know and understand the dangers of plastic waste, the public needs to be educated and understanding through extension activities. Extension activities carried out in Kampung Sungai Kayu Ara in September - October 2017. Implementation of education using lecture and discussion of the material presented. Conducted outreach activities to broaden the public about the negative impact of plastic waste so as to reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste on the river and the sea. The results show that the public targeted activity seen appreciation in receiving education of the activities carried out, the participants begin to recognize and understand the material presented and an increase understanding and knowledge about the dangers of plastic waste pollution between 65-80%.
Workshop peningkatan kemampuan guru menulis rencana penelitian tindakan kelas di Kecamatan Minas Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Roza Yenita , Saragih Sehatta
Published: October 2019

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is one form of research that is recommended to be carried out by teachers in developing capacity as a professional teacher. Through this research the teacher at the same time improves the quality of learning carried out in the classroom, so that this is used as one of the conditions in proposing teacher promotion. From interviews and observations in Minas Subdistrict, Siak Regency, there were many teachers who were constrained for promotion because of their ability to conduct class action research is low. The program done aims to assist the teacher in writing Class Action Research (CAR) plans so that they are ready to do the research. The target community of the activity is 30 junior high school teachers with varied working experience ranging from 4-15 years. The activities were carried out through workshops conducted in five stages, namely debriefing about action research, mentoring of research plan writing, research plan discussion, revision of research plans and presenting of research plan. The results of the service showed that the workshop activities had a positive impact on the ability of participants to develop CAR plans. The average achievement of participants in scale 4 is 2.53 in the good category.
Eko teknologi untuk pencegahan kebakaran pada lahan gambut di Desa Rimbo Panjang, Kecamatan Tambang, Kampar
Authors: Saktioto Saktioto , Rini Ari Sulistyo , Dewi Rahma , Deprianto Deprianto
Published: October 2019

Kebakaran lahan gambut dapat menimbulkan emist GRK Identifikasi yang ada di di Desa Rimbo Panjang, Kecamatan Tambang, Kampar, dimana adanya keluhan masyarakat tentang kondisi lingkungan atau kabut asap. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menerapkan eko teknologi pencegahan kebakaran di lahan gambut di Desa Rimbo Panjang, Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Adapun metode yang diterapkan adalah Eko Teknologi dengan sistim solidifikasi artinya memperkecil pori-pori tanah gambut sehingga dapat memadamkan api dengan cepat. Metode lainnya yang digunakan adalah dengan menghambat kontak api dengan udara luar (oksigen) yaitu dengan cara penyiraman menggunakan campuran deterjen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan water table pada lahan gambut ditemukan bervariasi dan termasuk kategori gambut dalam, hanya sebagian kecil di dusun 1 yang ditemukan water table pada kedalaman 20 cm. Berdasarkan kondisi lapisan lempung ternyata juga bervariasi ditemukan pada kedalaman antara 2,5 m sampai 6 meter. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan, maka kondisi gambut di Rimbo Panjang ini rentan dengan kebakaran. Simulasi kebakaran yang telah dilakukan dengan cara membuat kondisi gambut buatan yang kemudian dilakukan pembakaran menunjukkan bahwa metode Eko Teknologi telah mampu melakukan pemadaman kebakaran pada lahan gambut dengan cepat.
Penguatan produk Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang berbasis Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) dalam rangka perdagangan bebas ASEAN
Authors: Tiaraputri Adi , Jayakusuma Zulfikar , HZ Evi Deliana , Lestari Maria Maya , Edorita Widia , Diana Ledy
Published: October 2019

Bagi pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) untuk memulai usahanya perlu memikirkan perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (selanjutnya disebut HKI). Jikalau, para pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) tidak memikirkan perlindungan HKI, maka karya para pelaku usaha dapat mudah terjadi pelanggaran HKI. Oleh karena itu, pada masa awal memulai bisnisnya, mereka seharusnya sudah memberikan perlindungan HKI-nya, sebab HKI sejatinya dapat menjadi aset berharga yang bisa menyelamatkan perusahaan di masamasa sulit. HKI sejatinya adalah hak yang muncul dari hasil oleh pikir atau kreasi manusia yang pada akhirnya menghasilkan suatu produk atau proses yang berguna bagi manusia. Dalam dunia bisnis, HKI bisa menjadi elemen penting karena dapat memberikan keunggulan berkompetisi ketika bermain di pasar yang dibidik bagi pemiliknya. Bahkan, tak menutup kemungkinan pula HKI ini dapat menjadi pemicu untuk memunculkan berbagai inovasi baru bagi pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) yang pada akhirnya dapat menguntungkan publik juga para pelaku usaha itu sendiri, misalnya dalam menghadapi perdagangan bebas ASEAN. Tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah sosialisasi aspek HKI bagi para pelaku UMKM di Kabupaten Kampar. Metode penerapan yang dipilih adalah sosialisasi atau desiminasi ilmu pengetahuan, dalam hal ini adalah penyebaran informasi tentang HKI dan tata cara pendaftaran HKI. Dari kegiatan pengabdian ini, pelaku usaha UMKM di Kabupaten Kampar menyadari penting aspek HKI untuk kemajuan usaha.
Optimalisasi produksi kerajinan Sulam Tekat melalui pengembangan kemampuan SDM di bidang disain Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Kuntum Bertuah di Kelurahan Harjosari Kecamatan Sukajadi, Pekanbaru
Authors: Susianti Elva , Wijaya Yusmar Palapa , Arfan Tobi
Published: October 2019

Kelurahan Harjosari Kecamatan Sukajadi merupakan daerah yang berada disekitar pusat pemerintahan daerah Pekanbaru. Di kelurahan ini, telah berdiri sebuah UKM yang bernama Tekat Tiga Dara sejak tahun 2009 dengan anggota pertama 2 (dua) orang dan berkembang sampai 10 (sepuluh) orang. UKM ini memproduksi dan menjual hasil-hasil kerajinan tangan hasil karya anggotanya, antara lain kerajinan dari akrilik, sulam dan pelaminan. Untuk meningatkan pendapatan kelurga lingkungan sekitar UKM ini, bu Nurila sebagai pengelola membentuk dua Kelompok Usaha Bersama kerajinan (KUNTUM BERTUAH) dan makanan (MEKAR BERSEMI). KUB kerajinan beranggotakan 14 (empat belas) orang ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang tinggal di sekitar Jl. Dahlia gg. Jati Komplek kejaksaan. Hasil produksi utama dari KUB Kuntum Bertuah adalah Sulam Tekat. Sulam tekat adalah sulam khas melayu yang banyak di aplikasikan pada hiasan dinding, pelaminan, souvenir kegiatan kedaerahan maupun pernikahan. Bahan utama dari sulam tekat ini adalah kertas prada emas yang di tekatkan (di tempelkan) pada kain dasar (beludru, songket dll). Proses pengerjaannya di mulai dari membuat motif sulam pada kertas prada, menggunting motif, menempelkan dan menjahit pinggiran motif dengan benang emas. Proses yang paling sulit dan memakan waktu adalah menyulam dan membuat pola kertas. Membuat pola pada kertas dilakukan dengan menjiplak pola pada kertas prada, kemudian menggunting sesuai lekukan pada pola. Kedua proses ini membutuhkan kesabaran dan ketelitian yang tinggi. Jika salah potong, maka kertas prada yang harganya cukup mahal ini akan rusak dan tidak bisa digunakan. KUB ini sangat mengharapkan adanya alat yang bisa mencetak pola dan sekaligus memotongnya pada kertas prada. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, anggota KUB akan dilatih menggunakan aplikasi komputer disain grafis sederhana yang biasa digunakan untuk mencetaknya pada mesin printer cutting stiker. Harapannya, dengan metode ini, pekerjaan pembuatan souvenir dengan motif apapun yang sama bisa di buat lebih singkat dan cepat. Diharapkan produksi KUB ini juga semakin meningkat sesuai dengan permintaan pasar.
Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Ikatan Makanan Olahan (IMO) dalam upaya legalitas usaha
Authors: Kusmanto Heri , Warjio Warjio , Kurniaty Evi Yunita
Published: October 2019

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan salah satu entitas pelaku ekonomi yang eksistensinya mendominasi terhadap perekonomian bangsa, baik diperkotaan maupun pedesaan, termasuk usaha yang bergerak di sektor kuliner. Dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini akan memberdayakan UMKM Ikatan Makanan Olahan (IMO). Pelaku usaha kecil disarankan untuk bergabung dengan Ikatan Makanan/Minuman Olahan (IMO), dengan tujuan semua pelaku usaha makanan/minuman dapat teridentifikasi, yang kemudian akan mudah berkoordinasi untuk menampung aspirasi pelaku UKM seperti mengetahui sumber daya manusia, peralatan, kualitas produk atau pemasaran sesuai dengan kriteria standarisasi. Memenuhi standarisasi termasuk untuk melengkapi legalitas usaha. Pelaku usaha kecil yang tergabung didalam IMO menghadapi berbagai permasalahan dalam hal perijinan dan legalisasi usaha. Memiliki izin usaha bagi masyarakat sangat penting, namun terkadang tidak sedikiti masyarakat yang tidak mau untuk mengurus izin usahanya dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan, keterbatasan data, dan lain-lain. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini, tujuan dan target yang ingin dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian adalah adanya legalisasi usaha bagi para pelaku usaha di dalam Ikatan Makanan Olahan (IMO). Dengan memiliki legalitas usaha, para pelaku usaha yang tergabung dalam IMO diharapkan mampu bersaing dalam era pasar bebas. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pengurusan legalitas usaha.
Perbaikan teknik budidaya jamur sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan hasil produksi
Authors: Indriati Gustina , Hidayat Yosmet , Chandra Yasrial
Published: October 2019

Belum maksimalnya penerapan teknik budidaya jamur oleh masyarakat telah memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil budidaya. Penggunaan teknik yang kurang efektif dapat memperpanjang waktu pengerjaan dan tingginya kerusakan pada baglok jamur tiram, seperti yang dialami pengusaha MycoAgro. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memperbaiki teknik budidaya jamur dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi usaha jamur yang dimiliki masyarakat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Panyalaian Kecamatan X Koto Kabupaten Tanah Datar Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan berupa pendampingan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan mitra dalam pembenahan sarana budidaya, pemantapan teknik budidaya yang sudah dan belum dikuasai mitra. Pembuatan standar operasional alat budidaya dan prosedur keselamatan kerja serta pemberian konseling motivasi wirausaha pada mitra. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan telah terjadi peningkatan pemahaman teknik budidaya yang dikuasai mitra. Mitra telah mampu menyelesaikan 2000 baglok jamur dengan waktu yang lebih cepat dari sebelumnya. Selama proses budidaya baglok yang mengalami kerusakan hanya 15%, jumlah ini jauh lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Rata-rata produksi jamur tiram 30,7 kg/minggu. Mitra telah mampu memproduksi bibit sendiri, mengetahui teknik budidaya jamur konsumsi selain jamur tiram dan mampu menggunakan media tumbuh selain sekam kayu. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan telah terjadi peningkatan usaha budidaya jamur tiram yang dimiliki masyarakat.
Sistem pengolahan lahan tanpa bakar dalam kebakaran hutan dan lahan pada kawasan gambut Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Yuliani Febri , Saktioto Saktioto , Rosnita Rosnita , Pailis Eka Armas , Murniati Murniati , Tjarsono Idjang
Published: October 2019

Kebakaran hutan merupakan masalah yang krusial dan perlu penanganan yang sungguh-sungguh, karena kebakaran ini disamping menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan lingkungan hidup dari asap yang timbul juga berakibat hilangnya potensi hutan dan penuruanan keanekaragaman hayati. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan suatu upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan yang efektif dan efesien. Kabupaten Bengkalis merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Pada kegiatan Desa Binaan yang akan dilakukan adalah pada Kecamatan Bukit Batu, hal ini dilakukan mengingat bahwa Kecamatan Bukit Batu memiliki potensi pengembangan berbagai aspek ekonomi dan sosial dan dengan kondisi gambut yang luas, hal inilah yang menarik tim pengabdian masyarakat Universitas Riau untuk melakukan Desa Binaan dikawasan tersebut. Identifikasi masalah antara lain: kelembagaan yang belum optimal dan kurang seriusnya pemerintah dan kelompok tani untuk melakukan sistem pengolahan lahan tanpa bakar dalam menanggulangi kebakaran hutan dan lahan pada kawasan gambut yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya informasi dan teknologi dan kelembagaan dalam pengolahan lahan tanpa bakar. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini  adalah: Meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat di Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis sehingga mampu menerapkan teknik membuka lahan pertanian tanpa bakar, pengelolaan air, dan budidaya pertanian di lahan gambut, serta panen dan pasca panen. Meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat sehingga mampu memperkuat kelembagaan, analisis usaha dan pasar, serta penumbuhan jiwa kewirausahaan. Metode pengabdian dilakukan beberapa tahap yaitu: (1) Tahap Persiapan, (2) Tahap Penyusunan Program Kerja, (3) Tahap Pelaksanaan Workshop, (4) Tahap Pelaksanaan Pendampingan, (5) Tahap Monitoring dan Evaluasi program, dan (6) Tahap Pelaporan. Dari pengabdian Desa Binaan ini diketahui bahwa: kebakaran hutan dan lahan bukan semata-mata karena faktor alam berupa kekeringan. Faktor alam menyediakan kondisi untuk terjadinya kebakaran, tetapi manusia juga memegang peranan penting. Kebakaran hutan yang disebabkan oleh manusia terjadi karena adanya aktifitas Masyarakat lokal memiliki peran kontrol yang sangat substansial dalam pengembangan desa karena kontrol terhadap proses pengambilan keputusan harus diberikan kepada mereka yang nantinya menanggung akibat pengembangan termasuk kegagalan atau dampak negatif yang terjadi akibat pengembangan Desa. Oleh karena itu, kewenangan pengambilan keputusan harus diberikan kepada masyarakat lokal. Parameter partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengawasan adalah keterlibatan dalam tim pengawasan berikut kewenangan yang dimiliki.
Penyuluhan manipulasi fotoperiod pada budidaya ikan patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus) di RW VIII Kelurahan Delima Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru
Authors: Windarti Windarti , Riauwaty Morina , Syawal Henni , Simarmata Asmika H , Mulyani Isma
Published: October 2019

Kelurahan Delima  terletak di kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru dan memiliki sumberdaya perairan yang memadai. Di kelurahan tersebut terdapat sekolompok ibu-ibu PKK yang sudah pernah melakukan usaha budidaya ikan dalam kolam secara sederhana dan belum menerapkan sistem budidaya ikan yang efektif. Tujuan dari penyuluhan ini adalah untuk memberikan bekal pengetahuan kepada masyarakat agar mampu   melakukan usaha budidaya ikan secara sederhana dan ramah lingkungan.  Kegiatan “Budidaya ikan dengan manipulasi fotoperiod” dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dengan mengunakan slide dan buku TTG sebagai media ajar. Selain itu juga dilakukan praktek langsung untuk membuat kolam terpal, memelihara ikan patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus) memberi makan, merawat ikan serta mengelola kualitas air pada wadah budidaya ikan. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh 25 orang ibu-ibu PKK dari RW VIII. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, tingkat pemahaman peserta terhadap materi yang diberikan sekitar 85%. Hasil evaluasi dan monitoring menunjukkan bahwa ibu-ibu PKK di RW VIII tersebut sudah mampu melakukan usaha budidaya ikan dengan manipulasi fotoperiod dengan menggunakan kolam terpal dan kegiatan tersebut dapat berkelanjutan.
Penguatan kelembagaan desa adat di Kampung Lubuk Jering Kecamatan Sungai Mandau Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Sadad Abdul , Mashur Dadang , Handoko Tito
Published: October 2019

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan kelembagaan kampung adat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, pembangunan dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat di Kampung Lubuk Jering Kecamatan Sungai Mandau. Masalah yang terjadi diakibatkan oleh semakin kompleknya tata kehidupan di tengah masyarakat kampung adat sebagai akibat dari pengaruh urbanisasi penduduk dari daerah lain. Kampung adat di Kabupaten Siak sebagai salah satu bentuk sistem pemerintahan tradisional di Indonesia yang banyak mengalami perubahan. Perubahan itu menyangkut berbagai aspek kehidupan sosial yang menyentuh nilai, norma, sikap dan pola perilaku masyarakatnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penyuluhan. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dalam rangka penguatan kelembagaan adat di Kampung Lubuk Jering Kecamatan Mandau dapat disimpulkan telah berhasil memberikan penyuluhan. Keberhasilan ini antara lain ditunjukkan oleh adanya kesesuain materi dengan kebutuhan aparatur pemerintahan desa dan masyarakat dalam usaha penguatan kelembagaan adat di Kampung Lubuk Jering Kecamatan Sungai Mandau Kabupaten Siak. Kemudian adanya respon yang positif (70%) dari peserta berdasarkan kuisioner yang dibagikan, yang ditunjukkan dengan pertanyaan dan tanggapan yang diberikan selama pengabdian. Sebagian besar peserta telah memahami arti pentingnya penguatan kelembagaan adat di Kampung Lubuk Jering Kecamatan Sungai Mandau Kabupaten Siak.
Human skin bacterial flora differ with altitudes in different ethnic groups of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dipendra , Shrestha Raju , Hendriksen Rene S. , Sharma Luna Bhatta , Bhatta Dwij Raj
Published: October 2019

Background: Largest organ of human body, the skin, is colonized by millions of microorganisms, most of which are not only harmless but also beneficial to the host. Human skin microbes depend upon geographical variations, ethnicity and various host factors. Despite several studies on human skin microbiota in various parts of the globe, it has not been studied in Nepalese population.
Aims and Objective: To identify skin bacterial normal flora in different ethnic groups residing in different altitude of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: We cultured skin swabs of 166 randomly selected volunteers belonging to 10 major ethnic groups from 3 distinct geographical altitudes of Nepal, viz. Bharatpur (415 m from sea level), Kathmandu (1,400 m from sea level) and Lukla (2,860 m from sea level). The isolated organisms were characterized and tested for their susceptibility against different antibiotics.
Results: Altogether 231 bacterial isolates were characterized from 166 skin samples. Among them, 140 isolates (60.60 %) were Gram positive and 91 isolates (39.40 %) were Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (35.49%) was the most dominant skin bacterial flora followed by Escherichia coli (22.51%) and Streptococcus spp. (17.75%). Medium altitude Kathmandu exhibited the highest growth (120 isolates) followed by low land Bharatpur (66 isolates) and high land Lukla (51 isolates) which is statistically significant (p value =0.0124). Theantibiotic susceptibility testing against 14 antibiotics exhibited the Gram positive isolates were the most sensitive to Imipenem (94.93 %) whereas the least sensitive to Cephalexin (31.36 %) and the Gram negative isolates were the most sensitive to Amikacin (100%) whereas the least sensitive to Amoxycillin (28.57 %).
Conclusion: Our data indicates that the skin bacterial normal flora; which is directly exposed to external environment; has significant relationship with altitudes where individuals live. The result desires further study for the adaptability of normal flora found in different altitudes. Some bacterial commensals were found resistant even against new generations of antibiotics as well, and hence can cause life-threatening infections if they happen to cross the skin physical barrier.
Risk Factors for Mortality in Elderly Patients who Live in Nursing Homes: 8-year Follow-up Period
Authors: Kucukardali Yasar , Yalcin Arzu , Terekeci Murat Hakan , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Kucukardali Betul , Altunok Elif Cigdem
Published: October 2019

Background: In developed countries and our country, the ratio of the elderly to the total population is increasing due to the rise in worldwide medical care spendings and the medical workforce allocated for the treatment of the acute and chronic problems of the elderly.
Aims and Objectives: The number of studies based on long-term observations of the risk factors that affect the survival and mortality rates of the elderly in nursing homes is quite rare. Currently, there are no studies concerning this issue in the country. The authors carried out an eight years prospective study to determine the risk factors for mortality in a private nursing home with a capacity of 150 beds located in Istanbul.
Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to March 2015, we scanned the number of medications, comorbidities, nutritional status, age, mental score, number of falls and fractures, levels of hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, and glucose parameters related with mortality in 612 patients admitted to the nursing home.
Results: The median overall survival time was 34 months. A total of 240 (39%) residents died within eight years, 44% within two years and 55% within three years. The evaluation results shothat 360 (51%) of the 612 residents, were females and the mean age was 76.49 (± 11.36) years. Hazard ratios of the related parameters that related to mortality were respectively 1,3 for age, 1,5 for BMI less than 20kg/m2, 4,2 for more than six comorbidities, 7,01 for six to nine number of medications, 5 for dependency, 0,7 for one to three episodes of infection, 0,5for falls, 1,3 for fracture, 3,1 for mental score of less than 18, 1,9 for hemoglobin less than 12gr/dl, 4,03 for creatinine higher than 1.5 mg/dl, 2,43 for glucose greater than 126 mg/dl, 4,8 for albumin less than 3 g/dl (95% CI).
Conclusion: The risk factors causing mortality are; old age, BMI less than 20, more than six comorbidities, more than six medications, dependency, one to three episodes of infection, impaired mental score less than 18, anemia, hyperglycemia, kidney failure, hypoalbuminemia at the patients who admitted to nursing homes. Early optimal monitoring of these parameters can provide a positive contribution to the survival of elderlyresidents in nursing homes.
The distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bakır Ayfer , Karabulut Nuran , Alaçam Sema , Bakır Barış , Ağaçfidan Ali
Published: October 2019

Background: Hepatic cirrhosis develops within 20-30 years in approximately 20% of individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Aims and Objective: This study aimed to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes in patients with HCV-associated HCC in our region and thus to contribute to the epidemiology of HCV.
Materials and Methods: HCC patients referred to the virology laboratory for HCV genotype identification between January 2013 and April 2018 were included in this study. Genotyping of HCV was performed by a commercial reverse hybridization line probe-based assay.
Results: Seventeen patients who were diagnosed with HCC and whose HCV genotypes were analyzed were included in this study. Genotype 1 was detected in all 17 patients with HCC. When evaluating subtypes of genotype 1, genotype 1b was detected in 16 (94%) of the patients. The HCV subtyping in one patient (6%) could not be performed.
Conclusion: As a result, genotype 1b, one of the major risk factors for HCC, was detected in 94% of the patients included in this study. This study, consistent with the literature, shows a high association between the development of HCC and genotype 1b in patients with chronic HCV.
Morphometric and morphologic study of Foramen Ovale in In Indian population
Authors: Mishra Mumal Nagwani , Dande Kaveri , Mishra Dewanshi , Rani Archana , Kumar Madhuresh
Published: October 2019

Background:The floor of middle cranial fossa shows several foramina through which vital neural and vascular structures pass. Thus, the knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of these foramina is important. One such foramen is Foramen ovale which allows the passage of certain important structures.
Aims and Objective:This study also aimed to provide a base line data to neurosurgeons for easy and safe approach to middle cranial fossa. Thus, to fulfill the above, the morphometric and morphologic characteristics of the foramenovalewere studied and the observed metric and non-metric parameters were compared with those of previous studies.
Materials and Methods:The study has been conducted on 160 adult non-pathological dry human skulls of unknown age and sex. Those parts of broken skulls were included in the study in which the area of Foramen ovale was intact. All the parameters were obtained by one observer only to avoid inter-observer error. The foramen ovale was identified and different metric and non-metric parameters were observed and measured.
Results:The most common shape on both sides was noted to be transversely oval. Out of 160 skulls, 2 skulls (1.25%) showed accessory FO bilaterally. 4 skulls showed divided FO on left side. Out of 4, 2 skulls( 1.25%) were noted to have bony bar and in 2 skulls (1.25%) the main FO were divided by bony plate.
Conclusion: The morphologic variations of Foramen Ovale in the form of accessory foramen and presence of bony bar / bony plate are common. This study will provide a baseline data as well as frequency of related variations in our population for a safer approach by the surgeons.
Demographic profile, pattern, practice of energy drink and substance use among undergraduate students in BPKIHS
Authors: Kushwaha Ramayan Prasad , Mandal Namita Kumari , Koirala Bhawesh , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad
Published: October 2019

Background: The consumption of caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice among college students. Energy drinks are believed to increase energy, stamina, wakefulness, and reduce hangover symptoms.
Aims and Objective: This study aims to find out the profile, pattern, practice of energy drink and substance use among undergraduate students in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.
Materials and Methods: It was a self-reported questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic details, patterns of energy drink used, mixing practice of alcohol with energy drinks or other beverages, substance use behavior, and the knowledge about the main constituents of energy drinks. Alcohol mixing practice was further categorized into a) Alcohol + Energy drink mixing group, b) Alcohol + Other beverages mixing group, c) Only Alcohol group.
Results: Out of 319 students, 188 (58.9%) were male. The prevalence of energy drink use was 186 (58.3%). Red Bull (176, 94.6%) was the most preferred energy drink. The use of alcohol (29, 87.9%), tobacco (20, 60.6%), and marijuana (13, 39.4%) was more prevalent in students using energy drinks on a daily basis. Thirty percent (57) alcohol user students were mixed alcohol with energy drink among them 42 (73.7%) used tobacco and 24 (42.1%) used marijuana.
Conclusion: The overall energy drinks use among the students was high. The occurrence of various substance misuse was more among those students who consumed energy drink more frequently or consumed it with alcohol. Frequent consumption of energy drinks alone or mix with alcohol is not recommended.
Breast cancer survivorship in an Asian specialist centre from Malaysia: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Ahmad Azura Rozila , Tan Jia Shin Jessica , Manivannan Arkonam Balasubramaniam , Wahid Mohamed Ibrahim Abdul
Published: October 2019

Background: Real world data (RWD) is increasingly relevant in breast cancer (BCa) as it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer. Developed world has seen improved breast cancer survival, however, RWDon BCa survival in Malaysia is still lacking.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to determine characteristics and survival of BCa patients from a single institute.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 168 BCa patients who were treated with at least one treatment modality in Beacon International Specialist Centre (BISC) from 2008-2012 was conducted. Patient characteristicsand treatments received were analysed descriptively to survival outcome.Vital status was obtained from the National Registry of Birth and Death (NRD) records. Observed survival rates wereestimated by Kaplan-Meier method and difference between groups by log-rank.
Results: Of 143 eligible BCa patients,28 (19.6%) died during the study period. Five-year BCa specific survival rates were 100% for Stage I and II, 79.31% for stage III and 38.89% for Stage IV disease. In the multivariate analysis, higher stage at diagnosis, triple negative breast cancer with metastases and higher grade were associated with worse survival outcomes. The overall 5-year survival rate of BCa patients in BISC from 2008-2012 compares favourably to the survival data of developed countries.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall 5-year survival rate of BCa patients in BISC compares favourably to the survival data of developed countries, as well as to other institutions.
Enterobius vermicularis in anterior chamber of eye
Authors: Bajracharya Kabindra , Bhari Arjun Malla , Rai Salma KC , Pandey Saraswati
Published: October 2019

Enterobius vermiculari which is often referred as pinworm, is an intestinal nematode which is transmitted through fecal-oral route. The extraintestinal presentation of the worm is rare.  A live worm, Enterobius vermicularis in anterior chamber is a very rare case. To present an unusual case of Enterobius vermicularis in anterior chamber of right eye in a 3 years old girl. Visual acuity assessment, slit lamp examination and ultrasonography of the eye were performed. The worm was found in anterior chamber of right eye at 8-9 o' clock hour position, coiling at the presentation. The living, white worm was freely moving and changing position frequently. There was hypopyon with exudates inferiorly. The pupil was irregular, posterior synechiae was present with cataractous lens. The living worm was removed surgically under general anesthesia and sent for microbiological examination. Synecholysis with lens aspiration and Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was done in second surgery. An adult worm in anterior chamber is rare. Treatment is surgical removal. The visual prognosis is not good when the case present with severe form of anterior uveitis and complicated cataract.
Distribution, effect and utilization of Mikania micrantha on livelihood: Case study of Janakauli buffer zone community forest of Chitwan National Park
Authors: Shrestha Sami
Published: October 2019

Forest of lowlands is heavily impacted by invasive plants species, particularly Mikania micrantha which is also considered as one of the most invasion species. So, it became essential to understand effects of Mikania to user and indigenous vegetation; however the studies were confined to appraising the distribution, effect and utilization of Mikania micrantha on the livelihood of buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park. Vegetation survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, direct observation and stratification were conducted. GPS points were recorded and the distribution map of Mikania was made by using ArcView GIS 10.1 and has been found throughout the Community Forest. Regression analysis showed that the number of plant regeneration of native tree species decreases by 0.530 unit with every 1 unit increment in Mikania crown cover. The study used a questionnaire survey to 118 households in the CNP of Nepal. The results indicate that the invasion of M. micrantha have negative effects on the community livelihood in the study area. Basic forest products such as fodder and fuel wood have become scarce as a result of reduction in the native plants. Only 6.78% of the users utilize Mikania for household purpose like briquettes fuel, fodder, medicine and manure. The losses of other plant species have severe effect to biodiversity so control measure with utilization should be taken as the most needed action. Regular assessment and monitoring of Mikania effect is necessary to understand the problem and its impact on biodiversity of lowland forest of Nepal.
Nutritive values of fodders at different seasons and altitudes in Gandaki River Basin of Nepal
Authors: Shah Manoj Kumar , Tamang Bir Bahadur , Dhakal Bishnu , Chaudhary Pashupati , Shrestha Snehi , Chhetri Netra
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to assess the seasonal and ecological variation of chemical and nutritional values of locally preferred fodders in Gandaki River Basin (GRB) areas. The study was conducted in four altitudinal gradients viz. <400m, 400-800m, 800-1200m and 1200–1600m altitude above sea level in different looping seasons: rainy, spring and winter seasons. The most important five species of fodder trees Artocarpus lakoocha, Ficus roxburghii, Thysanolaena maxima, Ficus semicordata and Bauhinia purpurea were selected based on farmers’ preferences in nutritional values. Fodder samples comprised young leaves, old leaves and young twigs that were taken in July, September and December. It was revealed that nutritive value is not very much influenced by altitude but it is strongly influenced by lopping seasons. Among Thysanolaena maxima, Artocarpus lakoocha, Ficus roxburghii and Bauhinia purpurea the cellulose contents were significantly different (p<0.001) with seasons but there was no significant variation with altitudes. Similarly, Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) contents in Thysanolaena maxima, Ficus roxburghii and Bauhinia purpurea were found significantly different with seasons. Ficus roxburghii fodder tree was found significantly different in Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), ADF, Cellulose and Potassium content with seasons. Similarly, fodder tree Bauhinia purpurea was found significant on Dry matter (DM), Crude fibre (CF), NDF, ADF, cellulose, tannin and potassium with seasons. The study hinted how careful planning of species selection and prudent decision in scheduling looping and feeding fodder trees can help improve animal metabolism, health, growth and productivity.