bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATIVE TECHNIQUES IN FORIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING IN THE FIELD OF SPORT
Authors: Hristakieva Tatiana
Published: November 2020

This article presents ideas and models for English language learning, using elements of two communicative learning methods for the specific purposes of sport practice. It is part of a pedagogical experiment, carried out with students from the National Sport Academy “V.Levski”, Sofia, organized into an experimental group (34) and a control group (34). The aim of the experiment was to study the influence of interactive techniques applied in the specialized English language course for sport terminology. The experimental course work involved using elements of different interactive learning methods to teach sport terminology to the experimental group of students for about 30-40 minutes of every academic class of 90 minutes. Initial and final tests of the basic language skills and knowledge of sports terminology were carried out with the experimental and control group of students, in order to establish their language competences before and after the experimental course. The results from the tests were processed with statistical methods – variation analysis and Student’s t-test (dependent and independent samples). The results from the initial and final tests of the two groups have shown that students from the experimental group have improved their language skills, their confidence in using the language and their knowledge of sports terms to a greater extent than the control group. Applying interactive techniques in language learning for the needs of sport specialists leads to better results in their language acquisition.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURE OF CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOUR IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: ANALYSIS OF PRESCHOOL TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCE
Authors: Smilgienė Jurgita , Masiliauskienė Erika , Lenkauskaitė Jurgita
Published: November 2020

The Lithuanian society lives in the period of changes in which personal values are influenced by our surroundings. The decline of a culture of behaviour is observed in society and it is increasingly evident in children’s and youth’s behaviour. Children lose their autonomy, respect for the individual and nation. There is increasingly visible rude communication, social environmental intolerance and this just proves that our younger generation has little culture of behaviour. The earlier you introduce children to the basic conduct of cultural values and their aspirations to develop, the better results will be achieved in the correct behaviour modelling for life in society. For this reason, not only the family, but also preschool, i.e., educators, are responsible for the cultured behaviour of children, education and promotion to be polite, respectful, honest, friendly, etc.

The object of the research – the development of a culture of behaviour of preschool age children. The aim – to reveal how a culture of children’s behaviour is developed in preschool.

A study was conducted in preschool institutions of Northern Lithuania. In this case a qualitative research strategy was chosen. The methods of the research: analysis and synthesis of the sources of scientific literature and open-ended written survey of preschool educators. Teachers from 23 preschool institutions participated in the research. Qualitative research data were processed using the method of content analysis. The research revealed what concept the respondents give to the definition of a culture of children’s behaviour and what methods they apply in their daily work. The concept of a culture of behaviour from the point of view of teachers is: culture of activity, of communication, of hygiene and nurturing nature. Preschool educators develop a culture of behaviour using traditional methods such as games, conversations, reading, literary and cartoon analysis in their professional activities.
THE EMOTIONAL-MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT OF SCHOOL READINESS OF BEGINNING PUPILS
Authors: Teleková Radka , Marcineková Tatiana
Published: November 2020

A child's wish to become a pupil is one of the important identifiers of his / her school readiness. Its assessment at the beginning of schooling provides a picture of the child's initial ability at the beginning of the first year of study in primary school. The focus of this article is the motivational component of school readiness, which has an impact on the individual form of adaptation of beginning pupils. The subject of the research was to find out the presence of individual motives in the structure of the emotional-motivational component of school readiness of children at the beginning of school attendance. The defined component consists of social, cognitive and moral motives, which are interconnected. We were used a questionnaire with ten items in the research activity. The respondents were pupils of the first year of study in selected elementary schools. The results showed that the social, cognitive and moral motive were presented within the emotional-motivational component of school readiness. Overall, there were positive answers to the three motives, which showed a high level of motivation in the research sample. The level of the emotional-motivational component of becoming a pupil is one of the elements ensuring the successful adaptation of the pupil at the beginning of school life. Strengthening the incentive to become a pupil, deepening the desire to learn new things and shaping social skills for existence in the classroom are seen as a tool for developing the motivational sphere of school readiness.
Chronic pilonidal sinus wounds: regular cleaning and early laser depilation are key interventions to successful healing
Authors: Marza Liliana
Published: November 2020

Pilonidal sinus wounds are notoriously slow to heal and have a high risk of infection due to proximity to the anus, the moist environment of the natal cleft and friction of buttock cheeks. Since the first pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) protocol was issued to the US army in 1955, care for PSD has focused on the principles of wound care following surgical excision with secondary or modified closure, including cleaning of the wound, hair removal and daily dressings. These principles remain valid today, although advances in the choice of dressings and laser therapies for long-term hair management allow patients more independence and less frequent dressings. At present, there are no standard guidelines for wound care following pilonidal sinus (PS) surgery. This article recommends thorough wound cleaning, starting laser depilation early and individualised patient education to accelerate wound healing and reduce recurrence. Collaboration between specialists in a multidisciplinary team is essential.
Today's challenges, tomorrow's opportunities
Authors: Batas Renata
Published: November 2020

Renata Batas, PR and Publications, European Council of Enterostomal Therapy (ECET)
Fostering ‘digital citizens’ in Norway: experiences of migrant mothers
Authors: Bønnhoff Heidi Esma Dahl
Published: November 2020

I argue that the fostering of ‘digital citizens’ in Norway is a societal project involving many actors, including parents, kindergartens and schools. The present article explores how migrant mothers in Norway experience handling their children’s use of digital media. Through institutional ethnographic exploration, I discover the ideals and conceptual terrains of what I have identified as the ‘digital Bildung’ discourse, consisting of dominant understandings of education, parenting, digitalisation and citizenship in Norwegian society. When performed in educational institutions, digital Bildung is formalised and organised by ruling texts, like government policies and curricula, but a main part of children’s digital Bildung is confined to the private sphere and entrusted to the judgement of parents. The findings indicate that migrant mothers may find it especially difficult to live up to, or challenge, the dominant understandings and practices of digital Bildung.
Trabajo femenino asalariado y ciclo de vida en la industria corchera catalana, c. 1860-1920
Authors: Ros Massana Rosa
Published: November 2020

El artículo estudia el proceso de feminización de la industria corchera gerundense a fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX y reconstruye las tasas de actividad femenina en 1920. El análisis de la incidencia del ciclo de vida sobre la participación laboral de las mujeres subraya la diversidad de modelos locales, dependiendo de la demanda de trabajo. Mientras que en aquellas localidades en las que esta fue débil, tendían a trabajar solo las jóvenes solteras, en aquellas poblaciones donde la demanda de trabajo fue más intensa, el trabajo asalariado de las mujeres se prolongaba después del matrimonio y, aunque la participación laboral femenina no era completamente insensible a variables como el número de hijos o el tipo de familia (nuclear o troncal), se veía más decisivamente determinada por el número de activos masculinos en el hogar.
Pantallas partidas I Split screens
Authors: Barreiro Maria Augusta
Published: November 2020

La pandemia de COVID 19, detectada y notificada oficialmente el 31 de diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad China de Wuhan, ha dejado a la fecha: 408.481 muertes y 7´174.925 de contagiados distribuidos en 188 países del mundo de los cuales los más afectados son: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, China, España, Italia y Brasil, de acuerdo con los últimos datos de la Universidad Johns Hopkins (junio 2020). En el corto plazo, esta pandemia se ha convertido en la principal causa de muerte superando la malnutrición, los homicidios, el cáncer y otras enfermedades graves.En este contexto, la mayoría de países declararon el estado de alerta sanitaria, siendo obligatorio el confiamiento. Durante los meses que duró el estado de aislamiento absoluto, la vieja técnica cinematográfica denominada split screen (pantalla partida), protagonizó una resurrección inesperada convirtiéndose en el vehículo que nos permitió comunicarnos pero también crear y consumir cultura.La pantalla partida o “split screen”, es sin lugar a dudas, uno de los protagonistas más destacados de la pandemia de corona virus que afrontó la humanidad a partir del 31 de diciembre de 2019, cuando se notificó de manera oficial la noticia de esta grave enfermedad desde la ciudad China de Wuhan. Casi tan antigua como el propio cine, la split screen se convirtió en la herramienta que nos permitió sentir la cercanía de nuestras familias, colegas de trabajo, compañeros de estudio y profesores. Nos permitió expresar nuestra solidaridad, apoyo y compañía en momentos tan complicados como los que vivimos durante el largo período de cuarentena al que estuvieron sometidos la mayoría de países en el mundo.
Balcones para el aplauso
Authors: Chavez Tatiana Carolia
Published: November 2020

La crisis de COVID19, ha resignificado la forma de vida producción y las metodologías de trabajo.: sin embargo, durante este periodo la actitud positiva de la ciudadanía ha aportado significativamente a superar la primera parte de la crisis, apoyando la árdua labor de los agricultores, limpiadores, transportistas, conductores de autobús y metro, reponedores, cajeros de supermercado, policías, sanitarios, y personal de la salud, quienes han formado una una primera línea de lucha para contener el virus y a esto se suma la disciplina de la ciudadanía confinada quienes han agredgado a sus rutinas para demostrar apoyo a la valiente entrega de quienes han permitido mantener la cotideaneidad en nuestras vidas.El desarrollo de las actividades en el periodo de la crisis de COVID19, ha resignificado la forma de habitar los espacios; evidentemente el adaptarse a las nuevas circunstancias es un reto, ya que se reconceptualiza la idea de público y privado.
Improved polar decoding for optical PAM transmission via non-identical Gaussian distribution based LLR estimation
Authors: Zhou Honghang , Li Yan , Dong Tao , Qiu Jifang , Hong Xiaobin , Guo Hongxiang , Zuo Yong , Yin Jie , Su Yuwei , Wu Jian
Published: November 2020

In this paper, an improved polar decoder based on non-identical Gaussian distributions is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for optical pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) interconnection. The principle of the polar coded PAM system is illustrated theoretically and the non-identical Gaussian distributions based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimation is introduced in the polar decoder to mitigate nonlinearity. Transmission systems of 28-Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and 8-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-8) based on commercial 10-GHz directly modulated laser (DML) are both demonstrated over 10-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) in C-band without dispersion compensation. Experimental results show that, aided by the improved polar decoder, the channel nonlinearity can be taken into consideration and additional sensitivity gains of 0.7 dB and 1 dB are respectively achieved compared with traditional polar decoder for PAM-4 and PAM-8 systems.
Alignment-free filter array: Snapshot multispectral polarization imaging based on a Voronoi-like random photonic crystal filter
Authors: Shinoda Kazuma , Ohtera Yasuo
Published: November 2020

We develop a photonic crystal filter with a new structure and propose a method to realize a snapshot multispectral polarization camera by mounting the filter on a monochrome imager with no requirement for a specific alignment. The developed filter is based on the Voronoi structure, which forms multilayered photonic crystals with random wave-like structures in each of the Voronoi cells. Because the transmission characteristics of the multilayered photonic crystal can be controlled simply by changing the microstructure, there is no need to change the manufacturing process and materials for each Voronoi cell. Furthermore, the Voronoi cell is randomly distributed so that the filter can be junctioned with the imager at arbitrary positions and angles without the need to position the filter during mounting, although it requires measurement of the camera characteristics and an image restoration process after filter mounting. In this experiment, we evaluated to reconstruct spectra as well as linearly polarized components and RGB images in the visible wavelength range from a single exposure image.
Tomographic imaging using multi-simultaneous measurements (TIMes) for flame emission reconstructions
Authors: Foo Cheau Tyan , Unterberger Andreas , Menser Jan , Mohri Khadijeh
Published: November 2020

The method of tomographic imaging using multi-simultaneous measurements (TIMes) for flame emission reconstructions is presented. Measurements of the peak natural CH* chemiluminescence in the flame and luminescence from different vaporised alkali metal salts that were seeded in a multi-annulus burner were used. An array of 29 CCD cameras around the Cambridge-Sandia burner was deployed, with 3 sets of cameras each measuring a different colour channel using bandpass optical filters. The three-dimensional instantaneous and time-averaged fields of the individual measured channels were reconstructed and superimposed for two new operating conditions, with differing cold flow Reynolds numbers. The contour of the reconstructed flame front followed the interface between the burnt side of the flame, where the alkali salt luminescence appears, and the cold gas region. The increased mixing between different reconstructed channels in the downstream direction that is promoted by the higher levels of turbulence in the larger Reynolds number case was clearly demonstrated. The TIMes method enabled combustion zones originating from different streams and the flame front to be distinguished and their overlap regions to be identified, in the entire volume.
Full-duplex high-speed indoor optical wireless communication system based on a micro-LED and VCSEL array
Authors: Wei Zixian , Zhang Shi , Mao Simei , Wang Lei , Zhang Li , Chen Chien-Ju , Wu Meng-Chyi , Dong Yuhan , Wang Lai , Luo Yi , Fu H. Y.
Published: November 2020

We built a full-duplex high-speed optical wireless communication (OWC) system based on high-bandwidth micro-size devices, for which micro-LED and VCSEL arrays are implemented to establish downlink and uplink, respectively. The high-capacity downlink based on a single-pixel quantum dot (QD) micro-LED can reach a data rate of 2.74 Gbps with adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). VCSEL-based line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) uplinks are designed with lens-free receiving functions for a 2.2-m communication distance. Experimental results have been demonstrated and confirmed that both downlink and uplinks are capable of providing sufficient bandwidth for a multi-gigabit OWC. Besides, the lens-free uplink receiver can alleviate requirements for aligning and improve the mobility of the transmitter. The VCSELs implemented for both systems work with low driving currents of 140-mA and 190-mA under consideration of the human eye safety. For non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK), both uplinks can achieve 2.125 Gbps with bit-error-rate (BER) lower than the forward error correction (FEC) threshold of 3.8×10−3 for Ethernet access.
Gender differences in the perceived need for community-wide deworming: Formative qualitative research from the DeWorm3 study, India
Authors: Aruldas Kumudha , Means Arianna Rubin , Titus Angelin , Jacob Yesudoss , Rajendiran Rajeshkumar , Johnson Jabaselvi , Emmanuel-Fabula Mira , Puthupalayam Kaliappan Saravanakumar , Kamlakar Juvekar Sanjay , Kang Gagandeep , L. Walson Judd , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao
Published: November 2020

Current soil-transmitted helminth (STH) programs target morbidity control with school-based deworming. Increasing interest in steering neglected tropical disease (NTD) programmes from morbidity control towards disease elimination has prompted evaluation of strategies that may interrupt transmission. The feasibility of interrupting transmission of STH with community-wide deworming is being tested in the ongoing DeWorm3 cluster randomized trial. Gender-based perspectives about susceptibility to infection and need for treatment have been shown to influence both health-seeking behaviour and health outcomes. We carried out a qualitative study among men and women in the community to understand their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about STH infections and community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). Eight semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted among men and women residing in the DeWorm3 study site in India—Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu. Thematic coding was used to analyse the transcripts in ATLAS.ti 8.0. Both men and women in this study demonstrated a high level of STH knowledge but some men had misconceptions that intestinal worms were beneficial. Men and women shared several similar beliefs and attitudes regarding STH treatment. Both believed that adults were likely to have STH infections and both reported that stigma prevented them from seeking treatment. Influenced by gender norms, women were more likely to associate STH infections with inadequate sanitation and hygiene, while men were more likely to believe that those engaged in agricultural work were at risk. Both genders reported a positive attitude towards cMDA for STH. Barriers to cMDA implementation differed by gender; women expressed concern regarding side-effects and drug quality while men were concerned that treatment coverage may be affected due to the absence of people during the day when the drug is distributed. Both men and women perceived the treatment of adults for STH infections to be important, however, the perceived barriers to participating in cMDA differed by gender in this community. The study identified key messages to be incorporated in communication and outreach strategies for cMDA programmes.
Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
Authors: Buffault Juliette , Zéboulon Pierre , Liang Hong , Chiche Anthony , Luzu Jade , Robin Mathieu , Rabut Ghislaine , Labetoulle Marc , Labbé Antoine , Baudouin Christophe
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To investigate the corneal epithelial thickness topography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with vision quality in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD).

Methods

45 eyes of EBMD patients, 26 eyes of dry eye (DED) patients and 22 eyes of normal subjects were enrolled. All participants were subjected to 9-mm corneal epithelial mapping with OCT and vision quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system using the objective scatter index (OSI). Central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of epithelium thickness (Irregularity), were analysed and correlations with the OSI were calculated.

Results

The mean (±SD) central, inferior and maximum epithelial thicknesses of the EBMD patients (respectively, 56.4 (±8.1) μm, 58.9 (±6.4) μm, and 67.1 (±8.3) μm) were thicker compared to DED patients (P<0.05) and normal subjects (P<0.05). We found greater irregularity of epithelial thickness in EBMD (5.1±2.5 μm) compared to DED patients (2.6±1.0 μm) (P = 4.4.10−6) and normal subjects (2.1±0.7 μm) (P = 7.6.10−7). The mean OSI was worse in EBMD patients than in DED patients (P = 0.01) and compared to normal subjects (P = 0.02). The OSI correlated with the epithelial thickness irregularity (Spearman coefficient = 0.54; P = 2.65.10−5).

Conclusions

The OCT pachymetry map demonstrated that EBMD patients had thicker corneal epithelium in the central and inferior region. These changes were correlated with objective measurements of vision quality. This OCT characterisation of the EMBD provides a better understanding of the epithelial behaviour in this dystrophy and its role in vision quality.
Tableware trade in the Roman East: Exploring cultural and economic transmission with agent-based modelling and approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Carrignon Simon , Brughmans Tom , Romanowska Iza
Published: November 2020

The availability of reliable commercial information is considered a key feature of inter-regional trade if the Roman economy was highly integrated. However, the extent to which archaeological and historical sources of inter-regional trade reflect the degree of economic integration is still not fully understood, a question which lies at the heart of current debates in Roman Studies. Ceramic tableware offers one of the only comparable and quantifiable sources of information for Roman inter-regional trade over centuries-long time periods. The distribution patterns and stylistic features of tablewares from the East Mediterranean dated between 200 BC and AD 300 suggest a competitive market where buying decisions might have been influenced by access to reliable commercial information. We contribute to this debate by representing three competing hypotheses in an agent-based model: success-biased social learning of tableware buying strategies (requiring access to reliable commercial information from all traders), unbiased social learning (requiring limited access), and independent learning (requiring no access). We use approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to evaluate which hypothesis best describes archaeologically observed tableware distribution patterns. Our results revealed success-bias is not a viable theory and we demonstrate instead that local innovation (independent learning) is a plausible driving factor in inter-regional tableware trade. We also suggest that tableware distribution should instead be explored as a small component of long-distance trade cargoes dominated by foodstuffs, metals, and building materials.
Adsorption mechanisms of atrazine isolated and mixed with glyphosate formulations in soil
Authors: Souza Matheus de Freitas , Langaro Ana Claudia , Passos Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus , Lins Hamurábi Anizio , Silva Tatiane Severo , Mendonça Vander , da Silva Antônio Alberto , Silva Daniel Valadão
Published: November 2020

In Brazil, the atrazine has been applied frequently to join with glyphosate to control resistant biotypes and weed tolerant species to glyphosate. However, there are no studies about atrazine's behavior in soil when applied in admixture with glyphosate. Knowledge of atrazine's sorption and desorption mixed with glyphosate is necessary because the lower sorption and higher desorption may increase the leaching and runoff of pesticides, reaching groundwaters and rivers. Thereby, the objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption mechanisms of atrazine when isolated and mixed with glyphosate formulations in a Red-Yellow Latosol. The maximum adsorbed amount of atrazine in equilibrium (qe) was not altered due to glyphosate formulations. The time to reach equilibrium was shortest when atrazine was mixed with the Roundup Ready® (te = 4.3 hours) due to the higher adsorption velocity (k2 = 2.3 mg min-1) in the soil. The highest sorption of atrazine occurred when mixed with the Roundup WG®, with the Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) equal to 2.51 and 2.43 for both formulation concentrations. However, other glyphosate formulations did not affect the sorption of atrazine. The desorption of atrazine was high for all treatments, with values close to 80% of the initial adsorbed amount, without differences among isolated and mixed treatments. The change in the velocity and capacity of sorption for the atrazine mixed with some glyphosate formulations indicates that further studies should be conducted to identify the mechanisms involved in this process.
Correlation of genetic alterations by whole-exome sequencing with clinical outcomes of glioblastoma patients from the Lebanese population
Authors: Saadeh Fadi S. , Morsi Rami Z. , El-Kurdi Abdallah , Nemer Georges , Mahfouz Rami , Charafeddine Maya , Khoury Jessica , Najjar Marwan W. , Khoueiry Pierre , Assi Hazem I.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor associated with high degree of resistance to treatment. Given its heterogeneity, it is important to understand the molecular landscape of this tumor for the development of more effective therapies. Because of the different genetic profiles of patients with GBM, we sought to identify genetic variants in Lebanese patients with GBM (LEB-GBM) and compare our findings to those in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Methods

We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify somatic variants in a cohort of 60 patient-derived GBM samples. We focused our analysis on 50 commonly mutated GBM candidate genes and compared mutation signatures between our population and publicly available GBM data from TCGA. We also cross-tabulated biological covariates to assess for associations with overall survival, time to recurrence and follow-up duration.

Results

We included 60 patient-derived GBM samples from 37 males and 23 females, with age ranging from 3 to 80 years (mean and median age at diagnosis were 51 and 56, respectively). Recurrent tumor formation was present in 94.8% of patients (n = 55/58). After filtering, we identified 360 somatic variants from 60 GBM patient samples. After filtering, we identified 360 somatic variants from 60 GBM patient samples. Most frequently mutated genes in our samples included ATRX, PCDHX11, PTEN, TP53, NF1, EGFR, PIK3CA, and SCN9A. Mutations in NLRP5 were associated with decreased overall survival among the Lebanese GBM cohort (p = 0.002). Mutations in NLRP5 were associated with decreased overall survival among the Lebanese GBM cohort (p = 0.002). EGFR and NF1 mutations were associated with the frontal lobe and temporal lobe in our LEB-GBM cohort, respectively.

Conclusions

Our WES analysis confirmed the similarity in mutation signature of the LEB-GBM population with TCGA cohorts. It showed that 1 out of the 50 commonly GBM candidate gene mutations is associated with decreased overall survival among the Lebanese cohort. This study also highlights the need for studies with larger sample sizes to inform clinicians for better prognostication and management of Lebanese patients with GBM.
Artificial intelligence to predict the BRAFV600E mutation in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Yoon Jiyoung , Lee Eunjung , Koo Ja Seung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Nam Kee-Hyun , Lee Jandee , Jo Young Suk , Moon Hee Jung , Park Vivian Youngjean , Kwak Jin Young
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To investigate whether a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) program developed using the deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) on neck US images can predict the BRAFV600Emutation in thyroid cancer.

Methods

469 thyroid cancers in 469 patients were included in this retrospective study. A CAD program recently developed using the deep CNN provided risks of malignancy (0–100%) as well as binary results (cancer or not). Using the CAD program, we calculated the risk of malignancy based on a US image of each thyroid nodule (CAD value). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed including patient demographics, the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) categories and risks of malignancy calculated through CAD to identify independent predictive factors for the BRAFV600Emutation in thyroid cancer. The predictive power of the CAD value and final multivariable model for the BRAFV600Emutation in thyroid cancer were measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

In this study, 380 (81%) patients were positive and 89 (19%) patients were negative for the BRAFV600Emutation. On multivariate analysis, older age (OR = 1.025, p = 0.018), smaller size (OR = 0.963, p = 0.006), and higher CAD value (OR = 1.016, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with the BRAFV600Emutation. The CAD value yielded an AUC of 0.646 (95% CI: 0.576, 0.716) for predicting the BRAFV600Emutation, while the multivariable model yielded an AUC of 0.706 (95% CI: 0.576, 0.716). The multivariable model showed significantly better performance than the CAD value alone (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Deep learning-based CAD for thyroid US can help us predict the BRAFV600Emutation in thyroid cancer. More multi-center studies with more cases are needed to further validate our study results.
Three decades of telemedicine in Brazil: Mapping the regulatory framework from 1990 to 2018
Authors: Silva Angélica Baptista , da Silva Rondineli Mendes , Ribeiro Gizele da Rocha , Guedes Ana Cristina Carneiro Menezes , Santos Daniela Lacerda , Nepomuceno Carla Cardi , Caetano Rosângela
Published: November 2020

This study characterized the evolution of Brazilian public telemedicine policy in the Brazilian Unified Health System for 30 years from 1988 to 2019 by analyzing its legal framework. We identified 79 telemedicine-related legislations from the federal government (laws, decrees, and ordinances) and 31 regulations of federal councils of health professionals. Three historical phases were established according to the public policy cycle, and material was classified according to the purpose of the normative documents. The content analysis was based on the advocacy coalition framework model. Of the federal legislations, 8.9% were for the Formulation/Decision-Making phase, 43% for the Organization/Implementation phase, and 48.1% for the Expansion/Maturation phase of telemedicine policy in Brazil. The Federal Council of Medicine was the most active in standardizing telemedicine and was responsible for 21 (67.7%) regulations. The first legislations were passed in 2000; however, the coalitions discussed topics related to telemedicine and created their belief systems from the 1990’s. The time cycle which included formulation and decision making for Brazilian telemedicine policy, extended until 2007 with the creation of several technical working groups. The expansion and maturation of telemedicine services began in 2011 with the decentralization of telemedicine policy actions across the country. Telemedicine centers which performed telediagnosis influenced the computerization of primary health care units. We conclude that Brazilian telemedicine field has greatly grown and changed in recent years. However, despite the proliferation of legislations and regulations in the period studied, there is still no fully consolidated process for setting up a wholly defined regulatory framework for telemedicine in Brazil.
Rural and Remote Continuing Nursing Education: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Pavloff Michelle , Farthing Pamela M. , Duff Elsie
Published: November 2020

Background:  Rural and remote nursing has unique practice requirements that create a need for distinct education and practice preparation.  Preparing registered nurses (RNs) to work in rural and remote communities is essential for the support and advancement of rural and remote health, as there is a shortage of rural and remote health care providers. Purpose:  An integrative literature review was conducted to identify the current continuing education needs of rural and remote RNs internationally. Sample: Eight studies were included in the integrative review of the literature.  Countries reported in the literature included Canada (n = 2), Australia (n = 2), Sweden (n = 1) and the United States (n = 3). Method:  An integrative literature review on rural and remote nursing practice continuing education was conducted using Torraco’s (2005) guidelines, in addition to Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) methodological strategies.  A search strategy was created, tested, and approved by the research team.Themes were extracted, collated, analyzed, and knowledge synthesized. Findings:  Rural and remote RNs identified areas requiring enhanced ongoing training.  The identified training areas were summarized into the following four themes: 1) Comprehensive specialized nursing practice for direct patient care, 2) Unanticipated events, 3) Non-direct patient care, and 4) Advanced specialty courses. Conclusion:  The autonomy, competency, and expertise that is expected of RNs working in rural and remote locations requires educational supports. Rural and remote nursing continuing education is required in the areas of: comprehensive specialized nursing practice for direct patient care, unanticipated events, non-direct patient care, and advanced specialty courses.     Keywords: continuing education, integrative review, registered nurse(s), remote, rural Acknowledgements: The authors thank Saskatchewan Polytechnic for partial funding of this review through the Seed Applied Research Program.  The authors also thank their research team member Chau Ha and research assistant Devendrakumar Kanani for their contributions to this integrative review.
Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Pati Umbi Uwi (Discorea alata) melalui Proses Fermentasi dan Distilasi
Authors: Hargono Hargono
Published: November 2020

Bioetanol adalah nama lain etanol yang dapat dibuat dari  bahan baku biomasa. Tanaman Uwi (Discorea alata) mudah tumbuh di lereng-lereng gunung, hutan sebagai tanaman liar, namun tanaman ini ada yang sengaja ditanam orang. Tanaman Uwi mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi (32,64%) sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan  bioetanol. Pada penelitian ini umbi Uwi  terlebih dulu dibuat pati agar  memudahkan terjadinya proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Proses pembuatan pati Uwi adalah dengan mengekstrak bubur  (hasil parutan)  Uwi menggunakan air. Proses  hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara serentak atau Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Konsentrasi pati  Uwi 200 g/L, konsentrasi enzim (Stargen TM 002) 1,5% (w/w), konsentrasi yeast 1,10% (w/w) dan  pada suhu 30°C. Hasil proses SSF adalah konsentrasi bioetanol kadar rendah, sehingga agar kemurnian bioetanol meningkat perlu dilakukan distilasi. Proses distilasi menggunakan distilasi 2 tahap, terdiri dari 2 kolom, meliputi kolom 1 tanpa bahan isian dilengkapi pipa pendingin yang berbentuk spiral, sedangkan kolom 2 berisi bahan isian yaitu packing. Proses distilasi 2  tahap masing-masing  ini dioperasikan pada suhu 78°C. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh waktu SSF terhadap konsentrasi bioetanol dan  mempelajari waktu distilasi tahap 1 dan 2 terhadap konsentrasi bioetanol.  Proses SSF dilakukan selama 90 jam. Hasil terbaik proses SSF dicapai selama 72 jam yang menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 12,30%. Proses distilasi 1 dan 2 dilakukan masing-masing selama 105 menit. Hasil terbaik dari distilasi tahap 1 dan tahap 2dicapai selama waktu masing-masing 90 menit, yaitu konsentrasi bioetanol  27,93% dan 85,30%. Perancangan alat distilasi 2 tahap ini layak digunakan sebagai alat pemunian bioetanol  hasil SSF.
Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Katalis Kalsium Oksida (CaO) menjadi Biodiesel
Authors: Eka Putri Presyta Chalida , Supriyo Edy
Published: November 2020

Bioedisel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang menjanjikan yang dapat diperoleh dari minyak nabati maupun lemak hewani melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan alkohol. Minyak nabati mempunyai potensi yang cukup besar untuk bahan bakar alternatif mesin diesel dengan dilakukan reaksi transesterifikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu (550C dan 650C), konsentrasi katalis (3% dan 5%) dan %berat metanol (30% dan 50%) terhadap yield metil ester yang dihasilkan dan dilakukan optimasi proses dengan variasi variabel suhu transesterifikasi untuk menentukan besar yield biodiesel minyak kelapa sawit. Dari penelitian didapatkan suhu transesterifikasi optimum adalah 600C dengan yield sebesar 89,98% untuk konsentrasi katalis 3% dan 50% berat metanol. Biodiesel yang didapatkan memiliki densitas sebesar 838 kg/m3 (standar Pertamina815-860 kg/m3), viskositas sebesar 4,01 mm2/sec (standar Pertamina 2,0 – 4,5 mm2/sec), bilangan asam sebesar 0,45 mgKOH/gr (standar Pertamina maks 0,6), flash point sebesar 630C (standar Pertamina min 520C) dan angka setana sebesar 48,45 (standar Pertamina min 48). Serta pengaplikasian biodiesel dengan uji kebisingan biodiesel (B30) minyak kelapa sawit pada mesin fogging sebesar 79,9 dB dan pada kebisingan solar pada mesin fogging sebesar 81,6 dB.
Permutable compiled queries
Authors: Menon Prashanth , Ngom Amadou , Ma Lin , Mowry Todd C. , Pavlo Andrew
Published: November 2020

Just-in-time (JIT) query compilation is a technique to improve analytical query performance in database management systems (DBMSs). But the cost of compiling each query can be significant relative to its execution time. This overhead prohibits the DBMS from employing well-known adaptive query processing (AQP) methods to generate a new plan for a query if data distributions do not match the optimizer's estimations. The optimizer could eagerly generate multiple sub-plans for a query, but it can only include a few alternatives as each addition increases the compilation time.

We present a method, called Permutable Compiled Queries (PCQ), that bridges the gap between JIT compilation and AQP. It allows the DBMS to modify compiled queries without needing to recompile or including all possible variations before the query starts. With PCQ, the DBMS structures a query's code with indirection layers that enable the DBMS to change the plan even while it is running. We implement PCQ in an in-memory DBMS and compare it against non-adaptive plans in a microbenchmark and against state-of-the-art analytic DBMSs. Our evaluation shows that PCQ outperforms static plans by more than 4X and yields better performance on an analytical benchmark by more than 2X against other DBMSs.
On-off sketch
Authors: Zhang Yinda , Li Jinyang , Lei Yutian , Yang Tong , Li Zhetao , Zhang Gong , Cui Bin
Published: November 2020

Approximate stream processing has attracted much attention recently. Prior art mostly focuses on characteristics like frequency, cardinality, and quantile. Persistence, as a new characteristic, is getting increasing attention. Unlike frequency, persistence highlights behaviors where an item appears recurrently in many time windows of a data stream. There are two typical problems with persistence - persistence estimation and finding persistent items. In this paper, we propose the On-Off sketch to address both problems. For persistence estimation, using the characteristic that the persistence of an item is increased periodically, we compress increments when multiple items are mapped to the same counter, which significantly reduces the error. Compared with the Count-Min sketch, 1) in theory, we prove that the error of the On-Off sketch is always smaller; 2) in experiments, the On-Off sketch achieves around 6.17 times smaller error and 2.2 times higher throughput. For finding persistent items, we propose a technique to separate persistent and non-persistent items, further improving the accuracy. We show that the space complexity of our On-Off sketch is much better than the state-of-the-art (PIE), and it reduces the error up to 4 orders of magnitude and achieves 2.84 times higher throughput than prior algorithms in experiments.
The Spinal Control of Backward Locomotion
Authors: Harnie Jonathan , Audet Johannie , Klishko Alexander N. , Doelman Adam , Prilutsky Boris I. , Frigon Alain
Published: November 2020

Animal locomotion requires changing direction, from forward to backward. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sensorimotor circuits within the spinal cord generate backward locomotion and adjust it to task demands. We collected kinematic and electromyography (EMG) data during forward and backward locomotion at different treadmill speeds before and after complete spinal transection in six adult cats (three males and three females). After spinal transection, five/six cats performed backward locomotion, which required tonic somatosensory input in the form of perineal stimulation. One spinal cat performed forward locomotion but not backward locomotion while two others stepped backward but not forward. Spatiotemporal adjustments to increasing speed were similar in intact and spinal cats during backward locomotion and strategies were similar to forward locomotion, with shorter cycle and stance durations and longer stride lengths. Patterns of muscle activations, including muscle synergies, were similar for forward and backward locomotion in spinal cats. Indeed, we identified five muscle synergies that were similar during forward and backward locomotion. Lastly, spinal cats also stepped backward on a split-belt treadmill, with the left and right hindlimbs stepping at different speeds. Therefore, our results show that spinal sensorimotor circuits generate backward locomotion but require additional excitability compared with forward locomotion. Similar strategies for speed modulation and similar patterns of muscle activations and muscle synergies during forward and backward locomotion are consistent with a shared spinal locomotor network, with sensory feedback from the limbs controlling the direction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimal locomotion requires changing direction, including forward, sideways and backward. This paper shows that the center controlling locomotion within the spinal cord can produce a backward pattern when instructed by sensory signals from the limbs. However, the spinal locomotor network requires greater excitability to produce backward locomotion compared with forward locomotion. The paper also shows that the spinal network controlling locomotion in the forward direction also controls locomotion in the backward direction.
The Neuroimmunology of Chronic Pain: From Rodents to Humans
Authors: Grace Peter M. , Tawfik Vivianne L. , Svensson Camilla I. , Burton Michael D. , Loggia Marco L. , Hutchinson Mark R.
Published: November 2020

Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains poorly treated. The vast majority of therapeutics are directed solely at neurons, despite the fact that signaling between immune cells, glia, and neurons is now recognized as indispensable for the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. This review highlights recent advances in understanding fundamental neuroimmune signaling mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets in rodent models of chronic pain. We further discuss new technological developments to study, diagnose, and quantify neuroimmune contributions to chronic pain in patient populations.
Studying the polymerization efficiency of photosensitive compositions by using the surface plasmon resonance method
Authors:   L. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine 31, prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine, Granchak V.M. , Sysyuk V.G. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine 48, Kharkivske shose, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dorozinska H.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Maslov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dorozinsky G.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kudryavtsev O.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kachur N.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

In a real-time scale, it has been investigated the polymerization process in photosensitive compositions based on oligourethanacrylates with various concentrations of photoinitiators by using the method of surface plasmon resonance. Experimentally determined were the speed of polymerization and induction period for the studied samples of photopolymerization compositions as well as their optimum ratio of components for the chosen illumination wavelength 407 nm. It has been ascertained that with increasing the concentration of photoinitiators Irgacure 651 and Irgacure 819 from 1 up to 2% the speed of polymerization is increased by 3 and 7 times, respectively, while the induction period is decreased by almost 2 and 10 times, respectively. The presence of Irgacure 819 in these compositions provides the highest polymerization speed and the lowest induction period, which is related with the optimal choice of the illumination source wavelength inside the absorption spectrum of initiator, and the competitive absorption in other components of the photopolymer composition is minimal. These investigations are useful for developing optimal compositions of the studied materials for using them in various branches of industry.
Modeling of thermometric characteristics of thermodiode sensors by using the dimensionless sensitivity
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Smertenko P.S.
Published: November 2020

Dimensionless sensitivity and slope of its characteristic in the forms α=d(log V)/d(log T) and γ=d(log α)/d(log T) have been proposed as a base for modeling of thermometric characteristics V(T). The differential analysis of V(T) curves within the range from 4.2 up to 400 K by numerical differentiation has allowed obtaining the analytical approximation in the form V(T)=ATαexp[-BTγ1(1+CTγ1)], where A, B and C are the constants depending on physical parameters of thermodiode silicon sensor. This approach is useful both for the analysis of these characteristics as well as for modeling and determining an approximating function by finding out the regions where power-like or exponential dependences are the adequate expressions to describe the thermometric characteristic sections. By contrast to the known methods, one should not know beforehand the function that describes the process or the characteristic. It permits to elucidate fine peculiarities of thermometric characteristics and to achieve high accuracy of modeling by using the analytical expressions. In view of the practical purposes, the thermometric characteristics are approximated within the three temperature ranges. The errors of approximation do not exceed ±0.02%, ±0.2% and ±0.4% within the temperature ranges 4.2…40 K, 40…170 K and 170…400 K, respectively.