bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanoma Classification via Hybrid Saliency and Conditional Random Field with Bottleneck to Optimize DeepLab
Authors: Tuyet Vo Thi Hong , Binh Nguyen Thanh
Published: August 2023

Neural networks overcome drawbacks of vision tasks by becoming convolutional in a wide range of layers. The salient map is affected by multilevels of strong pixels (superpixels) in global images and that is dependent on the hard threshold for their dividing. Deep neural networks have been established for saliency prediction of segmentation because the feature extraction must be suited to the input data. The convolutional neural network (CNN) also endures conflict between spatial pattern and a likeness of salient objects. Semantic segmentation is one of the approaches to continue classification based on these features. Therefore, upgrading the extraction process can be of use in saliency. In this work, we optimize DeepLab based on an atrous convolutional and a conditional random field (CRF) with a bottleneck in the semantic segmentation method, which serves for classification. The backbone of deep feature extraction is atrous convolution and the bottleneck based on CRF for hybrid saliency in the encoder-decoder system. The classification results are compared with some approaches for saliency prediction of recent deeper methods in an ISIC 2017 dataset. The results give better values not only for saliency prediction for segmentation but also for training and testing for classification.
Revolutionizing Manufacturing with Blockchain Technology: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Samar Raza Talpur  , Huma Sikandar  , Alhamzah F. Abbas  , Javed Ali
Published: August 2023

A decentralised, tamper-proof ledger offered by blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionise the manufacturing sector by enhancing digital rights management, supply chain management, and product monitoring and tracking. Industrial supply chains may be made more transparent, secure, and efficient with the use of blockchain technology. This will save costs, boost quality control, and raise consumer confidence that the goods they buy are genuine and high calibre. However, there is a research gap in the implications of blockchain technology in the manufacturing sector. The aim of this research was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of blockchain technologies in the manufacturing sector. In order to accomplish the study’s goal, a two-stage systematic literature review technique was used, with the PRISMA framework being used to gather pertinent data from reliable sources like Scopus. The study contained 117 research papers, which were analysed using descriptive and scientometric methods and lysis to synthesise the literature and investigate important research clusters using the centrality and co-occurrence of keywords. The study’s conclusions point to the potential of blockchain technology to support decentralised manufacturing systems that provide risk-free and trustworthy cooperation among multiple stakeholders. The report also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of using blockchain in manufacturing and offers information on recent developments in the field of digital manufacturing that are related to blockchain technology. This study emphasises the value of blockchain technology for the industrial sector and the need for more research to fully understand its potential. Blockchain technology may help the manufacturing industry become more effective, transparent, and quality assured while also reducing costs and fostering better confidence among supply chain actors.
Cidades e invenções: experimentos para a composição de uma trajetória urbana do pensamento de Claude Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Silva Jeferson Carvalho da
Published: August 2023

É pouco usual associarmos a figura do antropólogo francês Claude Lévi-Strauss à composição de uma trajetória de pensamento sobre as cidades e sobre o urbano. Todavia, muitas são as cidades descritas e pensadas pelo antropólogo ao longo de suas viagens e trajetória. Com isso em mente, este texto busca tomar como laboratório as reflexões sobre cidades feitas por Lévi-Strauss – em textos e imagens – na intenção de experimentar a forma como ele pensava as cidades e como as próprias cidades se pensavam nele. Neste texto, onde Antropologia e ficção dialogam, experimento as descrições oníricas de Lévi-Strauss sobre a cidade paquistanesa de Lahore, operando movimentos de encontros e inversões. O que faço aqui é apresentar o começo de uma jornada em curso. Com Lévi-Strauss, sigo na missão de descobrir e "inventar" cidades e, assim, imaginar outras experiências possíveis para o urbano.
Periferização e estratégias de resistência: A formação de uma comunidade a partir do processo de crescimento urbano de João Pessoa-PB
Authors: Pontes Williane Juvêncio
Published: August 2023

O processo de expansão e modernização urbana da capital paraibana norteia a discussão neste artigo, que reflete sobre o período de intenso crescimento da cidade, a partir de 1970, com ênfase para a ocupação e o desenvolvimento da Comunidade do Timbó, situada em um espaço ermo deixado de lado pelo projeto de planejamento urbano. A análise resulta de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o crescimento da cidade de João Pessoa, principalmente em relação ao planejamento e desenvolvimento da zona sul, aprofundando a reflexão com a perspectiva dos moradores da comunidade. É uma reflexão preocupada em entender como o projeto de planejamento e ordenamento urbano contribuiu para a construção de espaços nobres e periféricos, com as camadas pobres ocupando e vivenciado a cidade a partir das margens e elaborando estratégias de resistência para a construção de lugares de moradia e pertencimento.
Formação da antropologia urbana brasileira: diálogos com a Escola de Chicago e linhagens iniciais
Authors: Jr. Heitor Frúgoli
Published: August 2023

A formação do campo da antropologia urbana no Brasil assinalou-se, como outras áreas da antropologia, por diálogos com referências europeias e norte-americanas. Pretende-se abordar a gênese da antropologia urbana brasileira, através da reconstituição da trajetória de antropólogas/os referenciais no Brasil – Ruth Cardoso (1930-2008), Eunice Durham (1932-2022), Gilberto Velho (1945-2012), José Guilherme Magnani (1944-), Antonio Arantes (1943-) e Ruben Oliven (1945-). São enfocados âmbitos de formação acadêmica, influências teóricas, principais pesquisas e inserções institucionais, a partir das quais se definiram linhagens acadêmicas, parcialmente reconstituídas – valendo-me principalmente dos dados disponíveis no projeto Memória das Ciências Sociais no Brasil (CPDOC), bem como de abordagens da história da antropologia brasileira ou das/os próprias/os autoras/es abordadas/os.
Forró de vinil: notas sobre o Baile dos Ratos no evento SP na Rua
Authors: Araújo Diego Corrêa de
Published: August 2023

Esse trabalho foi realizado para a disciplina de Pós-graduação do Departamento de Antropologia da USP: “Música, localidade e marcadores sociais da diferença”, ministrada pelo professor Gibran Teixeira Braga, no segundo semestre de 2019. Trata-se de uma etnografia do evento SP na Rua, tendo como foco de atenção a apresentação do coletivo Baile dos Ratos fazendo discotecagem de forró no evento. O artigo busca, por meio da etnografia, compreender a dinâmica geracional entre os DJs entrevistados, os artistas de outrora e as casas especializadas no ritmo.
In Search of Quality in School Distance Education
Authors: Ioakeimidou Vasiliki
Published: August 2023

The main aim of this chapter is to research characteristics and main issues of quality school distance education, issues of support for those involved, but also to develop a reflection on what this experience will leave behind. In the context of a case study, focus groups were conducted with students, teachers, school principals, even parents in two public primary schools in Athens. Thematic analysis of data by informants highlighted key thematic areas in a quality system such as inclusion, leadership, professional development, infrastructure and equipment, teaching and learning methodology, the legacy of the widespread use of distance education. The educational institution evolves in the context of developing a culture of quality and evaluation. Schools should reflect on their practices. All stakeholders in the school community should be empowered to shape each school's identity and character, aiming to continuous quality enhancement and development for all.
Digital Learning Transformation
Authors: Anoir Lamya , Chelliq Ikram , Erradi Mohamed , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The evolution of technology in education allows us to create tools that allow make us to achieve things that we can't do without, or that we used to do, but in a different way, and this difference is significant enough to change the character of activities and relationships. As a result, using a computer system generates a new environment for new applications. This dimension must be integrated into the design of the object or the difficulty is to develop an environment that will provide a context that meets pedagogical expectations and encourages the learning desired. In order to design learning environments, it is necessary to have works that study the use of technologies from the perspective of learning. In this chapter, the authors present the progression of digital education from its birth to today as well as the pedagogical practices of each mode and type of education.
Energy Harvesting Systems
Authors: Elhamshari Afnan Khaled , Habib Maki K.
Published: August 2023

For the past few decades, the scientific community has been paying attention to energy harvesters to reduce the use of batteries as the main power source for IoT devices and MEMS. Energy harvesters allow for the use of ambient energy, mostly a by-product of an application, to generate electricity while relying on batteries as a backup option to store the excess energy. This chapter includes a review of each energy harvester type, subtype, configuration, usage, and power output to understand the different kinds of energy harvesters and motivate a discussion between their advantages and limitations. The chapter also discusses the advantages and the limitations of current storage options for energy harvesting and how applications can benefit from future research in this area. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges and future opportunities still open in the field of energy harvesters to obtain more reliable, cleaner, and cheaper energy sources.
Prospects of Deep Learning and Edge Intelligence in Agriculture
Authors: Shaheen Ali , El-Gayar Omar F.
Published: August 2023

Agriculture is one of the high labor occupations around the globe. To meet the population growth and its demand, with the increase in labor cost, there is a need to explore efficient autonomous systems which may replace the traditional methods. Computer vision, edge, and deep learning (DL) models have become a promising area of research. This new paradigm of deep edge intelligence is most appropriate for agriculture activities where real-time decision-making is very important. In this chapter, the authors conduct a systematic literature review on deep learning-aided edge intelligence (EI) applications in agriculture to gather the evidence for prospects of DL at edge in agriculture. They discuss how DL models have shown outstanding performance within limited time and computation resources, and also provide future research directions to enhance the viability and applicability of complex deep learning (DL) models deployed at edge devices in agricultural applications.
Chatbots in Digital Marketing
Authors: Huseynov Farid
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence software called chatbots are designed to imitate human conversation. They utilize natural language processing technology to comprehend and interpret user input and produce responses based on pre-programmed rules or machine learning algorithms. Chatbots are widely utilized in sales and customer service domains. Customers appreciate the convenience of chatbots' instant responses and ability to quickly provide needed information without human intervention. Chatbots benefit businesses by handling multiple inquiries of customers and reducing the need for additional staff, and can also be used for internal purposes such as responding to employee queries and assisting with various tasks. This chapter examines the use of chatbots in marketing, customer service, and sales, covering their classification and common types, impact on customer experience and service costs, and ethical considerations. This chapter will be useful for scholars researching chatbots and professionals looking to integrate them into their marketing and customer service strategies.
Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Business and Marketing
Authors: Amin Ahmad Ayaz , Munna Afzal Sayed , Shaikh Md Sadeque Imam , Kazi Baha Uddin
Published: August 2023

The realm of the internet of things (IoT) takes center stage in the 21st century world, showcasing its profound impact in homes, workplaces, and education. As businesses strive to remain competitive, the adoption of IoT infrastructure becomes imperative, unlocking the transformative potential of its pipeline, composed of essential components that drive a revolutionary marketing approach. By seamlessly integrating these elements, enterprises demonstrate unmatched marketing effectiveness, forging deeper connections with consumers while surpassing traditional strategies. This study emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between IoT technology and marketing, illuminating the limitless opportunities it presents for thriving in an interconnected era. A compelling case emerges for businesses to embrace IoT-driven marketing as a pivotal driver of success in an increasingly competitive market landscape.
Impact of Digital Marketing Tools and Methods on SMEs and Proposed Recommendations
Authors: Munna Afzal Sayed , Shaikh Md Sadeque Imam
Published: August 2023

For firms, digital marketing is revolutionary and machine learning has profoundly transformed the future of digital advertising. This chapter looked at the possible influence of digital marketing on organisations and the many tactics that may be employed in this chapter. The necessity to integrate digital marketing into a company's entire business plan is also emphasised, as are research gaps for successful digital marketing tools, approaches, and procedures. Businesses in the present day may benefit greatly from digital marketing techniques, tactics, and tools. These low-cost strategies and resources have levelled the playing field in marketing between large corporations and startups. As a result, digital marketing with new concepts might be a game changer for these emerging businesses. This chapter will do comprehensive research and critical analysis to find the best effective digital marketing tactics, approaches, and tools for small and medium-sized businesses.
Smart Agriculture Irrigation Monitoring System Using Internet of Things
Authors: Sankar Kondireddy Muni , Booba B. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, smart agriculture irrigation monitoring systems using IoT principles are described. The general information for precision agriculture systems, the integration of the internet of things with irrigation systems, and measuring parameters have been illustrated. Two framework models, such as Agriculture Factor-Based Relevance Vector Analysis (ARV) and advanced irrigation systems for soil moisture prediction systems for smart agriculture irrigation, have been illustrated in this chapter. The environmental factors for the irrigation system have also been monitored and controlled to improve the production rate. The framework model for an advanced irrigation system and the ARV model for prediction and control of water supply to the land based on soil moisture has also been illustrated.
Futuristic Adoption of Blockchain Technology in the Smart Agriculture and Food Industry
Authors: Geetha S. K. , Thangaraj Rajasekaran , Kiruthika J. K. , Devipriya G. H. S. A. , Naveenkumar M.
Published: August 2023

Agriculture is the backbone of human activity, and it is playing a vital role in human survival. Smart agriculture has a favorable impact on society as a result of technological advancements. The major goal is to increase production quality and quantity. Many industries, including healthcare, law, real estate, banking, and other applications are being transformed by using blockchain technology. On the other hand, agriculture is a known application that uses blockchain technology to totally transform the lives of human being in the world. With such a growing population it is obvious that the food demand will increase significantly. To fulfill the food demand of the world population, the agriculture industry is making use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and other food automation techniques and technologies to meet the demands through innovative production. This chapter presents an overview of various blockchain technology use cases, benefits and obstacles of food industry, and deployment of blockchain technology in agriculture.
Integration of Technology and Nanoscience in Precision Agriculture and Farming
Authors: Dinesh Rakshi Anuja , Shanmugam Jayashree , Biswas Kunal
Published: August 2023

In addition to other cutting-edge computer technologies, the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and others have been used in agriculture. However, there is currently increased focus on the use of such technologies. It is now possible to monitor the agricultural environment and ensure high-quality production through cutting-edge IoT technologies in amalgamation with nanoscience. Nanotechnology is the branch of science that deals with manipulating materials on a nanoscale. By encountering problems that cannot be solved conventionally, working with the smallest particles imaginable inspires hopes for enhancing agricultural productivity. By releasing fixed nutrients, efforts are made to restore soil fertility in the management aspects. Nano biosensors and satellite systems are used to assess the input needs for crops in controlled conditions for agriculture and precision farming, and the necessary amounts are then delivered at the correct moment. These disadvantages can be addressed by various cyber-physical systems, that is briefly explained in this chapter.
Smart Cyber-Physical System-Based Plant Disease Detection for Agriculture
Authors: Karthickmanoj R. , Aasha Nandhini S. , Sasilatha T. , Lakshmi D.
Published: August 2023

Agriculture cyber-physical systems are becoming increasingly significant in improving crop quality and output while employing the least amount of farmland possible. Many agricultural components and methods have been automated to produce faster and superior-quality items. As a result, several methods and techniques to help prevent or reduce plant diseases have been created. Imaging analysis tools and gas sensors are increasingly being included in innovative cyber agribusiness for plant disease monitoring. This chapter develops intelligent cyber-physical system-based plant disease detection for successfully preventing and managing plant diseases and decision-making. To extract the important features linked to the sick region, a novel multi-statistical feature extraction technique has been developed. The proposed methodology is implemented using a Raspberry Pi board running Stretch OS. Metrics like detection and classification accuracy are used to assess the efficacy of the multi-statistical feature extraction methodology on the plant disease detection system.
Women's Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Sengur Ferhan K. , Lapçın Hilal Tuğçe , Hamutoğlu Nazire Burçin
Published: August 2023

Despite major advancements in recent decades, gender inequalities in the labor market still exist worldwide, and efforts to achieve gender equality appear to be in a standstill. Entrepreneurship provides important opportunities for women to stand on their feet and empower them economically and socially. Training and fostering entrepreneurial traits in people are two important variables in the growth of entrepreneurship. Aviation is one of the industries in that women are underrepresented. This study explores the results of an applied project based on entrepreneurship education to foster the empowerment of young female aviators. The project highlights female vocational high school students' entrepreneurship skills and future potential. The results reveal that female students may cultivate positive attitudes by being aware of their competencies and acquiring 21st-century abilities, including leadership, entrepreneurship, creative thinking, teamwork, communication, and persuasion.
The Role and Impact of Technology, Digitalisation, and Social Media on Consumer Experience in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Authors: Kop Aysegul Eda
Published: August 2023

This chapter discusses the widespread use of technology in the tourism and hospitality industry by companies and how new technologies such as social media, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and augmented reality (AR) technologies enhance consumer experience among visitors, current consumers, or potential consumers. Technology use is discussed within the tourism industry; its use by women entrepreneurs has also been detailed in this chapter. Lastly, the author has explored how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the tourism industry, if there are any differences among different genders and if women entrepreneurs could manage the process well enough compared to men entrepreneurs.
Special Interest Tourism and Women
Authors: Çolakoğlu Ülker
Published: August 2023

The growth of special interest tourism is seen as a reflection of the growing diversity of leisure interests in the leisure society of the early 21st century. Post-modern tourism is slowly moving from traditional tourism attractions to being part of a general lifestyle that corresponds to people's (women's) daily lives and activities. As a conceptual study, in this chapter, readers will understand the definition of special interest tourism and the difference between general interest tourism. They will understand the characteristics, scope, and wide variety types of special interest tourism for women tourist such as adventure tourism, medical tourism, rural tourism, cultural tourism, culinary tourism, religious tourism, ecotourism, sports tourism, educational tourism, photographic tourism, dark tourism, celebrity tourism, and film tourism. Moreover, they will learn new types of trends in special interest tourism for women tourists like Insta-tourism, virtual tourism, Pokémon-go tourism (gaming tourism), and space tourism (Astro-tourism).
Challenges and Issues of Woman Employees in Tourism
Authors: Korkmaz Erdem , Gülenç Seher , Çiçek Dönüş
Published: August 2023

Today, it is well-known that all individuals may experience and related to the nature of the job; however, these may sometimes be challenges that woman face due to their biological characteristics. Mostly dominated by female employees, the tourism industry has longer and more tiresome working hours, has seasonal employment relationships, requires less educated and qualified labor compared to the other industries, and has lower unionization and labor contract rates. The jobs in the tourism industry are defined as man's and woman's jobs, and services, such as cleaning, laundry, making up bed, guest greeting, and cooking similar to domestic chores, are performed by women. These challenges have a direct impact on operational efficiency and functioning, along with the status of women in tourism employment, is important for improving female employment in tourism. A holistic analysis was made in this chapter based on national and international literature on the challenges female employees face in the tourism industry.
Measuring Career Anchor Perceptions of Female Tourist Guide Candidates
Authors: Bektaş Seraynur , Özbey Harun , Zorlu Özcan
Published: August 2023

Career anchors are essential for the success of business life. Gender may also be a critical factor that determines the way of career orientation as well as career anchors. At this point, we assume that focusing on the career anchors of female tourist guide candidates will contribute to understanding the nature of career decisions. From this point of view, this study aims to reveal the career anchors of female tourist guide candidates studying at university. The data was gathered from female tourist guidance program students via a questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that female tourist guides perceive technical career anchors most, while the security anchor is perceived as least. Additionally, their career anchor perceptions significantly differ due to their career goals. Participants who want to be tourist guides in the future perceive higher autonomy as career anchors and service anchors, which are also inherent in the tourist guidance profession.
Interest of Women in the Tourism Sector and How to Empower Them
Authors: Ashfaq Areeba , Imran Hawa , Nehal Neha , Shamim Mahrukh , Asif Atiqa , Ikhlaque Maryum , Katper Naveeda
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the interest of women working in the tourism industry and their empowerment in the industry through inclusion and supporting entrepreneurial activities and to study the different perceptions and beliefs that women have about working in the tourism industry through assessment of their feelings toward the working environment in this industry. The main focus of the study was two major areas: (1) interest of women in employment tourism industry and (2) interest of women in entrepreneurial activities in the tourism industry. This study also considers whether the uncertainties of the tourism industry and its inclusion practices deform the interest of women to work in the tourism industry. Data were collected from 20 female respondents representing the interest of women to work in the tourism industry. The results indicate a positive response of 70.6% female respondents, suggesting their interest in the tourism industry, while 29.4% of the female respondents showed lack of interest in the industry.
The Leadership of the Higher Education Institutions in Empowering Female Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Shaikh Erum
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to find out the leadership of the higher education institutions in empowering female entrepreneurship. Qualitative methodology is used in this study in which semi-structured interviews are conducted from the female candidates who are pursuing entrepreneurship and relying on the higher education institutions and their leadership in initiating and maintaining support system for the females. Findings of the study show that female entrepreneurs are more determined for the entrepreneurship as they are mostly necessity driven in the developing countries. Their leadership skills enable them to tackle the various challenges and drive the situation in the order to carry on with their entrepreneurial motives.
Consumer Decision-Making Processes in Clothing, Textile, and Fashion
Authors: Danışmaz Açelya Telli
Published: August 2023

The aim of this section is to reveal how social media shapes consumer decision-making processes when purchasing textile and ready-made clothing products and to what extent it affects these processes positively or negatively. Accordingly, in this chapter, first of all, information about the consumer purchasing process and how this process works in the clothing, fashion, and textile sectors will be given, and then what kind of reflections and contributions of social media to the consumer purchasing process in these sectors will be mentioned. Finally, in the conclusion and discussion section, suggestions will be made for future research and applications for the sector.
How Consumption Provides a Relational Understanding of Place
Authors: Biswas Mitrajit
Published: August 2023

This study positions itself within the place-as-living-entity view and within the growing body of literature on the relational views of place. This study considers how consumption acts and activities provide a relational view of place. It also acknowledges that while all kinds of consumption may involve a relationship with place at some level or the other, a relational view is distinguishable in terms of ties or kinship with place that individuals perceive as of value and valuable in their lives. More essentially, a relational view involves a contribution or participation in the construction or shaping of the nature and meaning of place and its boundaries. As Coffin and Chatzidakis observe, place-making is not confined to the simple creation and manipulation of meanings; rather, it is and must be understood in terms of claiming an area in territorial acts (as those of consumption).
Role of Social Media to Enhance Brand Engagement and Brand Perception in the Textile, Apparel, and Fashion Industry
Authors: Ahuja Vandana , Tabeck Pooja Sehgal
Published: August 2023

The growth of the apparel industry in India is taking place at a brisk pace, and significant growth in private consumption is expected to create strong domestic demand for textiles and apparel. While textile and apparel exports from India are expected to increase rapidly, it is the manmade garments that remain the most significant contributor to the total revenue generated by this sector. The era of social media has moved fashion into the hands of the mass consumer base, which has access to large volumes of information through smartphones, mobile apps, and social networking sites. Apparel and fashion brands are using social networking sites to propagate what they term their DNA. Using social networking platforms tools like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter helps drive influencer marketing, display and document outfits, help consumers compare brands, build brand-consumer loyalty and commitment, and generate trust and credibility for the brand. These platforms enable TAF brands to monitor their social media presence through social media metrics.
Energy-Efficient IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Network Framework for Detecting Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients Using a Fuzzy Logic Approach
Authors: Charles Rajesh Kumar J.  , Mary Arunsi B.  , Majid M. A.
Published: August 2023

Internet of things enabled wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic approach is used to collect health metrics of individuals, make real-time analyses, and make efficient therapeutic decisions on Covid-19 cases while remotely monitoring the individuals and reducing the virus's consequences. Symptom data for Covid-19 patients is collected using wearable sensors. Data fusion is performed using a fuzzy logic classifier. Preprocessing and filtering of data to produce a verdict are carried out in data fusion. The data with a possible decision is saved in cloud infrastructure, making it accessible to anyone, including users, medical professionals, and local hospitals. The suggested procedure surpasses other similar methods such as logistic regression, decision tree, naïve bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine relating to the accurateness, error rate, F-measure, and ROC area according to experimental results. Complicated decisions in the medical industry could be made more successfully with the support of the suggested technique to predict COVID-19 based on fuzzy logic.
Automatic Classification of Medical Image Modality Using Quantum Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tantawi Baraa , Ahmed Hamza Kamel , Magdy Malak , Sayed Gehad Ismail
Published: August 2023

Medical imaging plays an important role in the early diagnosis of various diseases. In machine learning algorithms, texture, color, and shape features are primarily used. This may result in a system with inadequate model generalization capabilities. The development of an end-to-end model that can classify unprocessed medical images is now possible by recent advances in deep learning. The heavy demands of deep learning on memory and computer resources result in further advancement in the processing of complex data. As a result, quantum computing offers potential solutions that take advantage of quantum mechanics concepts like entanglement, superposition, and interference. This chapter introduces a new medical image classification model based on the quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN). Three benchmark datasets are used to evaluate the performance of QCNN; PneumoniaMNIST, VesselMNIST3D, and brain tumor MRI images. The experimental results showed that the proposed model based on the proposed QCNN is very promising.
Fusion of Blockchain With Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Keener Healthcare Solutions
Authors: Rashmi M. , Girija D. K. (dfa19aeb-c98e-4b4c-87e9-a29f4016b7d9  , Yogeesh N.
Published: August 2023

The healthcare industry continues to face significant challenges, including bed shortages, long wait times, rising costs, and the impact of pandemics. The use of a healthcare monitoring system powered by AI and IoT, which consists of high-tech devices connected to the internet, has potential benefits that will be felt in the medical field for years to come. These devices collect real-time data that can be used to detect early signs of illness, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs. By combining this technology with the Blockchain method, patient health data can be securely stored and shared, providing decentralized protection, transparency, accountability, and authentication for data access. While this innovative technology has great potential for improving the healthcare industry, it also presents challenges such as the high cost of implementation and the risk of data overload for healthcare providers.
Designing and Modeling of Crowdsourcing for Optimizing the Public Healthcare Informatics System in Society 5.0
Authors: Rahi Pankaj , Kuzhaloli S. , Poornima E. , Chakravarthi Dhruva Sreenivasa , Vijayakumar P.
Published: August 2023

Technology, communications, and social media have changed emergency and disaster response networks. These developments enable affected citizens to generate georeferenced real-time data on important events, fueling this new landscape. Detecting and investigating such events requires crowdsourcing and machine learning. Crowdsourcing generates, aggregates, and filters data, while automatic tools analyze publicly available data using information retrieval techniques. Crowdsourcing encourages and coordinates large-scale participation in many fields. Crowdsourcing useful data and human computation interchangeable knowledge will help public health informatics soon. These efforts will lower any nation's disease burden and healthcare costs. It advances sustainable development goals and milestones. This chapter proposes crowd-sourcing modeling to improve public health surveillance for communicable and non-communicable diseases. These efforts will lower any nation's disease burden and also improve sustainable development goals.
Mitigating the Spread of COVID-19 Using Internet of Things
Authors: Suma M. N. , Nagaraj Rajanikanth Kashi
Published: August 2023

The outbreak of Covid-19 has motivated a wide spectrum of people, including researchers, engineers, doctors, and students, to look for solutions to mitigate the crisis. The authors propose and implement a solution that provides a first-line defense to the spread of the Covid-19 virus by minimizing the risk of new infections with a multifold approach that involves providing a technology-based support framework. The system solution operates in public places which provide fertile ground for spread of the virus due to high probability of contact between symptomatic or asymptomatic Covid-19 infected people. The smart system provides active support by the use of intelligent sanitizer dispenser system, and at the same time, provides pro-active support by providing people appropriate indications when the system detects that such mitigation measures are being violated. The system indirectly influences social awareness among the people as it detects face without mask and prompts to wear mask.
Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and Metaverse Technology for Brain Health, Mental Health, and Wellbeing
Authors: Rahi Pankaj , Sood Sanjay P. , Dandotiya Monika , Kalhotra Satish Kumar , Khan Ihtiram Raza
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) analyses real-time human-machine and machine-machine data flows. AIoT—artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and mental health well-being—is the digital age's main need. AI and data from connected sensors and actuators reduce latency, increase privacy, and provide real-time edge intelligence, helping the Metaverse technology support mental health for certain age groups and patients. Metaverse technology can boost brain and mental health. Metaverse technology and brain health are covered in this chapter. Metaverse technology can improve mental health virtual reality research, the chapter says. The chapter examines metaverse technology's ethical and social effects on mental health. This chapter examines how AIoT with metaverse can improve mental healthcare using virtual reality and other methods, focusing on brain and mental healthcare technologies, prospective applications, and related research. This research will provide AIoT-enabled brain and mental healthcare standards policy options which may be adopted in future.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Employee Selection Process
Authors: Mızrak Filiz
Published: August 2023

To remain successful and competitive, organizations must have the ability to change, grow, and evolve to meet the new challenges and realities they face. The field of human resources management has changed significantly over time and continues to develop rapidly day by day. While organizations still primarily focus on the “people” aspects of running an organization, they have also become increasingly dependent on technology and data that weren't available just a decade ago. In this respect, the role of technology in the efficient and effective maintenance of human resource management practices in businesses is an undeniable fact. In this study, artificial intelligence technology, which is one of the most advanced technologies today and has a symbiotic relationship with human resources management, and the effect of this technology on human resources management practices are examined benefiting from the recent literature.
Uncovering the Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Markets
Authors: Xing Yunfei , Yu Lu , Zhang Justin Z. , Zheng Leven J.
Published: August 2023

The dark sides of artificial intelligence (AI) have attracted immense attention in recent years. This study produces a synthesis of current research on six dark sides of AI in electronic markets through a systematic literature review. The authors searched five different databases and summarized the dark sides of AI in electronic markets from six aspects: privacy concerns, security issues, ethical challenges, criminals and terrorists enabled by AI, trust issues between humans and machines, and AI biases. The literature review presented in this study has provided a rigorous and structured overview of research on AI's dark sides in the electronic markets through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the AI literature. As AI has made rich contributions to a variety of applications in electronic markets, special care should be taken regarding the dark side of AI. Governments and policymakers are recommended to establish legislation to ensure that AI-powered innovation and implementation are beneficial to the social good while limiting the threats caused by the dark side of AI.
Reação do mercado ao anúncio do pagamento de dividendos: o que explicam as teorias da sinalização e do fluxo de caixa livre?
Authors: Leite Mota Sandriele , Ferreira de Moura Fagunes , Martins Orleans Silva
Published: August 2023

Este estudo analisou o efeito do anúncio do pagamento de dividendos sobre o preço das ações das empresas listadas na Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) entre os anos de 1997 e 2017. Foram analisados 750 anúncios de pagamento de dividendos de 53 empresas, por meio de um estudo de eventos que buscou identificar a existência de retornos anormais acumulados (𝐶𝐴𝑅𝑠) em torno das datas dos anúncios. Seus resultados revelam retornos anormais nos 2 dias que sucederam essas datas, indicando que eles são relevantes ao mercado brasileiro, sugerindo que a política de dividendos é um fator estratégico importante para essas empresas, pois podem influenciar os preços de suas ações. Assim, as principais contribuições consistem na verificação de que as empresas podem utilizar o momento do anúncio de dividendos para afetar positivamente os seus valores de mercado. Sob o prisma das teorias da Sinalização e do Fluxo de Caixa Livre, no Brasil não foi possível verificar os pressupostos de Lang e Litzenberger (1989) de que os retornos seriam maiores em empresas com excessos de investimentos, em resposta ao anúncio do pagamento de dividendos, e que os investidores antecipam o anúncio para empresas maximizadoras de valor. Esses achados são úteis ao fomentar evidências sobre a relevância da política de dividendos no auxílio à tomada de decisões de investimento, especialmente ao identificar retornos anormais em torno das datas dos anúncios de pagamento, demonstrando que eles sinalizam ao mercado uma boa notícia sobre o desempenho das empresas.
Efeitos dos controles gerenciais na identificação organizacional e na eficácia de equipe: um estudo em um hospital militar
Authors: Dos Santos Edicreia Andrade , Herder da Silva Sergio Luiz , Landvoigt Valentim José Gabriel , Renda dos Santos Luiz Miguel , Monteiro Januário José
Published: August 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos dos controles gerenciais (formais e informais) na eficácia de equipe e na identificação organizacional, a partir da percepção dos funcionários, membros de equipes de atendimento de um hospital militar localizado na região centro-oeste brasileiro. Para isso, aplicou-se uma survey de modo presencial para 105 profissionais. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se das técnicas de estatística descritiva e de equações estruturais. Dentre os principais resultados evidenciou-se que o controle informal afeta positiva e significativamente a identificação organizacional dos indivíduos, bem como a percepção de eficácia de equipe. Já o controle formal, afeta positivamente somente a eficácia de equipe. Por sua vez, a identificação organizacional não afeta de modo estatisticamente significativo a eficácia de equipe e, também não é um forte mediador entre os controles gerenciais e a eficácia de equipe. Conclui-se com base nos resultados, que embora uma organização hospitalar seja construída sobre a plataforma de formalidade, os controles formais sozinhos não podem resolver todos os desafios que afetam o sucesso de uma equipe e, por consequência, da organização. As equipes precisam, além dos controles formais, também dos informais para poder, em muitos casos, tomar decisões assertivas e tempestivas. Assim, observa-se que a combinação de controles formais e informais é muitas vezes utilizado para tratar de questões nas quais julgamentos subjetivos são necessários.
Relação entre o CEO narcisista e os honorários de auditoria
Authors: Nunes da Costa Lima Jane Elly , De Luca Marcia Martins Mendes , Augusto Sampaio Franco de Lima Gerlando , Carvalho de Vasconcelos Alessandra
Published: August 2023

Os traços de personalidade narcisista do CEO podem acarretar implicações negativas e positivas nas organizações. Acredita-se que aspectos como o controle interno, o risco do cliente e a sua complexidade podem ser influenciados por gestores narcisistas e, por conseguinte, a determinação dos honorários de auditoria. Dessa forma, à luz da Teoria do Alto Escalão, e no sentido de alcançar o objetivo de analisar a relação entre a personalidade narcisista do CEO e os honorários de auditoria, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com base em dados secundários de 181 empresas listadas na B3 S/A – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão –, referentes ao período 2015-2018. Durante o tratamento dos dados, utilizaram-se o teste de diferenças entre médias, a regressão linear múltipla e a análise de mediação, a fim de se confirmar ou refutar a relação entre CEO narcisista e honorários de auditoria. Os resultados mostram que o CEO narcisista influencia positivamente os honorários de auditoria. Quanto à análise de mediação, verificou-se que o CEO narcisista influencia a variável controle interno, representada pelo comitê de auditoria, refletindo-se, assim, positivamente nos honorários de auditoria. Desse modo, não foi rejeitada a hipótese de que o CEO narcisista influencia os honorários de auditoria, mas foram rejeitadas as hipóteses relacionadas a fraqueza material e deficiências significativas do controle interno, o risco do cliente e a sua complexidade, como variáveis mediadoras da relação entre a personalidade narcisista do CEO e os honorários de auditoria.
Tumor cells-derived exosomal PD-L1 promotes the growth and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro via mediating macrophages M2 polarization
Authors: Lu Xiangjun , Shen Jian , Huang Siyuan , Liu Dongdong , Wang Haitao
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer originating from the bronchial epithelium is the most common lung malignancy. It has been reported that programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-associated macrophages are closely related to the development of lung cancer. However, whether tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1 could mediate the regulation of macrophage polarization in lung cancer remains unclear. For this research, the level of PD-L1 in normal tissues and lung cancer tissues was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Next, the apoptosis of lung cancer cells was evaluated using flow cytometry assay. Then, the structure and morphology of vesicles were observed using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Later on, the internalization of exosomes by macrophage was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Our results showed that the level of PD-L1 was upregulated in tumor tissues and lung cancer cells. Knockdown of PD-L1 notably inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. In addition, lung cancer cells-derived exosomal PD-L1 could be absorbed by macrophages. Meanwhile, exosomal PD-L1 was able to promote macrophages M2 polarization. Moreover, macrophages M2 polarization induced by exosomal PD-L1 further remarkably promoted the viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of lung cancer cells. Collectively, knockdown of PD-L1 notably inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Tumor cell-derived exosomal PD-L1 could promote the growth of lung cancer cells by mediating macrophages M2 polarization. Thus, inhibiting macrophages M2 polarization might be a promoting therapy for the treatment of lung cancer.