bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABOUT QUESTION OF CLASSIFICATION OF PRINCIPLES CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih Educational and Scientific Institute of Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Pylypenko Dmytro
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of the classification of principles of criminal executive law. The article presents the views and positions of leading domestic scientists on this issue. Scientific concepts on the perception of the factor of systematics of the principles of criminal executive law as one of the key elements of the current branch of criminal executive law are analyzed. The focus is on the key elements of the system of principles of criminal executive law and existing theoretical concepts on this issue. Scientific positions on the quantitative and qualitative component of the system of principles of criminal executive law are given. The article draws attention to the fact that the quantitative criterion of principles is one of the debatable issues among scholars, most of whom tend to the "triad" of principles of criminal executive law, which consists of common law, intersectoral and sectoral principles. The article expresses the author's view on the mandatory consideration of the category of common law principles in the system of principles of criminal executive law as one of the key ones. It is proved that the leading role of these principles is determined by their essential characteristics, which reflect the natural and legal nature of common law principles. This circumstance, in turn, has a decisive influence on the entire legal system of the state. The author's opinion on the synonymous meaning of the categories "principles of law" and "legal principles" is expressed in the article. The scientific position on the existence of both institutions and sub-institutions within the framework of criminal executive law is supported. The author's point of view on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the system of principles of criminal executive law is expressed within the article. It has been proven that the system of these principles should have five key elements. Which include the following principles: common law, intersectoral, sectoral, institutional, subinstitutional.
Comparative efficiency of physiotherapeutic and medicinal treatment of microelements during reparative skin regeneration
Authors: Шарипова М.М.
Published: August 2021

Проведено сравнительное изучение влияния двух богатых микроэлементами растительных препаратов и облучения лампами полого катода (ЛПК), содержащими спектры магния и меди - ЛПК Mn&Cu в экспериментальной модели репаративной регенерации кожи. Наносимая на поверхность раны смесь препаратов Метосепт и Витанорм и их пероральное введение в дозах 40-60 мг/крысу на 30% ускоряет репаративную регенерацию кожи за счёт увеличения количества дендритных клеток и макрофагов в очаге воспаления. Ежедневное 2-минутное облучение ЛПК Mn&Cu приводило к положительному изменению динамики морфологических характеристик процесса регенерации кожных ран, ускорению дифференцировки эпителиальных клеток и также к 30%-му ускорению заживления ран. Сравнительное изучение эффективности излучения пяти фототерапевтических аппаратов показало, что уменьшение площади раневой поверхности быстрее всего происходило под влиянием магнитолазерного воздействия аппаратом «Орион+», 2-е место по этому показателю разделили аппараты «Минитаг» и ЛПК Zn&Mn, 3-е - ЛПК Zn и «Биоптрон».

A comparative study was conducted of the effect of herbal preparations and irradiation with hollow cathode lamps (HCL) producing magnesium and copper spectra, i.e., the Mg & Cu HCL, in an experimental model of reparative skin regeneration. A mixture of two micronutrient-rich drugs, Metosept and Vitanorm, were applied to the surface of the wound. Their oral administration in doses of 40-60 mg/rat accelerated the reparative skin regeneration by 30% by increasing the number of dendritic cells and macrophages in the focus of inflammation. Daily 2-min irradiation of the Mg & Cu HCL had a positive effect on the dynamics of the morphological characteristics of the skin wound regeneration process. There occurred an acceleration of epithelial cell differentiation, and also a 30% acceleration of wound healing. A comparative study of the radiation efficiency of five phototherapy devices showed that the wound surface reduction most quickly occurred during treatment with the magnetic laser “Orion+” apparatus. The 2nd most effective treatment was Minitag and HCL Zn & Mg, and the 3rd most effecivet was HCL Zn and Bioptron.
Calculation of resources and an efficiency analysis of strategies in a game model of confrontation
Authors: Мусаева М.А.
Published: August 2021

Сформулирована игровая модель противоборства в виде модели "нападение и защита", указаны способы вычисления ресурсов сторон, анализированы эффективность их стратегий и установлены условия существования оптимального решения рассматриваемых задач.

A game model of confrontation is formulated in the form of an attack and defense model, methods for calculating the resources of the confrontation parties are discussed, their efficiency is analyzed, and the existence conditions are given for an optimal solution to the considering problems.
On the method of calculating the modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and its modifications with application to non-linear problems of geoelectrics
Authors: Шимелевич М.И.
Published: August 2021

Рассматриваются априорные оценки неоднозначности (погрешности) приближенных решений условно-корректных нелинейных обратных задач, основанные на модуле непрерывности обратного оператора и его модификациях. Установлена связь модуля непрерывности обратного оператора с разрешающей способностью геофизического метода. Показано, что в классе кусочно-постоянных решений, определенных на заданной сетке параметризации, модуль непрерывности обратного оператора и его модификации монотонно возрастают с увеличением размерности сетки. Предложен метод построения оптимальной сетки параметризации, которая имеет максимальную размерность при условии, что модуль непрерывности обратного оператора не превышает заданной величины. Представлен численный алгоритм расчета модуля непрерывности обратного оператора и его модификаций с использованием алгоритмов Монте-Карло, исследуются вопросы сходимости алгоритма. Предлагаемый метод применим также для расчета классических апостериорных оценок погрешности. Приводятся численные примеры для нелинейных обратных задач геоэлектрики.

The article considers a priori estimates of the ambiguity (error) of approximate solutions of conditionally correct nonlinear inverse problems based on the modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and its modifications. It is shown that in the class of piecewise constant solutions defined on a given parametrization grid, the modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and its modifications monotonously increase with increasing mesh dimension. A method is proposed for constructing an optimal parameterization grid that has a maximum dimension provided that the modulus of continuity of the inverse operator does not exceed a given value. A numerical algorithm for calculating the modulus of continuity of the inverse operator and its modifications using Monte Carlo algorithms is presented; questions of convergence of the algorithm are investigated. The proposed method is also applicable for calculating classical posterior error estimates. Numerical examples are given for nonlinear inverse problems of geoelectrics.
Study of a mathematical model of gasoline catalytic reforming by sensitivity analysis methods
Authors: Сафиуллина Л.Ф. , Коледина К.Ф. , Губайдуллин И.М. , Зайнуллин Р.З.
Published: August 2021

Для изучения одного из важнейших процессов нефтепереработки — каталитического риформинга, требуется детализированная кинетическая модель. При разработке кинетической модели возникает сложность в связи с большим количеством компонентов реакционной смеси и большим количеством стадий химических превращений. Альтернативой могут быть сокращенные механизмы реакций, которые применимы для решения задачи и обеспечивают реалистичное описание процесса. В данной работе для анализа кинетической модели и получения сокращенного механизма реакции используются методы анализа чувствительности математической модели. Применение указанной методики позволяет выявить стадии каталитического риформинга бензина, наименее влияющие на общую динамику изменения концентраций значимых веществ реакции. Исследовано влияние исключения данных стадий на кинетику процесса с химической точки зрения. Предложена редуцированная схема каталитического риформинга бензина с исключением данных стадий. Редуцированная схема обеспечивает вполне удовлетворительное согласие как по профилям температуры, так и по профилям концентраций значимых веществ реакции.

A detailed kinetic model is required to study one of the most important oil refining processes known as catalytic reforming. The difficulty arises in connection with a large number of components of the reaction mixture and a large number of stages of chemical transformations in developing the kinetic model. An alternative may be reduced reaction mechanisms that are applicable to solve the problem and provide a realistic description of the process. In this paper, to analyze the kinetic model and to obtain an abbreviated reaction mechanism, the sensitivity analysis methods of the mathematical model are used. The least influential stages of catalytic reforming of gasoline, which do not affect the general dynamics of changes in the concentrations of significant reaction substances are identified using this technique. The effect of eliminating these stages on the kinetics of the process from the chemical point of view is analyzed. A reduced scheme for catalytic reforming of gasoline by excluding these stages is proposed. A reduced scheme provides a quite satisfactory agreement both in temperature profiles and in concentration profiles of significant substances.
Some features of numerical diagnostics of instantaneous blow-up of the solution by the example of solving the equation of slow diffusion
Authors: Пригорный И.В. , Панин А.А. , Лукьяненко Д.В.
Published: August 2021

В работе демонстрируется, как метод апостериорной оценки порядка точности разностной схемы по Ричардсону позволяет сделать вывод о некорректности постановки (в смысле отсутствия решения) решаемой численно начально-краевой задачи для уравнения в частных производных. Это актуально в ситуации, когда аналитическое доказательство некорректности постановки ещё не получено или принципиально невозможно.

The paper demonstrates how the method of a posteriori estimation of the order of accuracy for the difference scheme according to the Richardson extrapolation method allows one to conclude that the formulation of the numerically solved initial-boundary value problem for a partial differential equation is ill-posed (in the sense of the absence of a solution). This is important in a situation when the ill-posedness of the formulation is not analytically proved yet or cannot be proved in principle.
Record of changes in the regionalization of Terminos Lagoon, Campeche
Authors: Santos Santoyo Jessica Elizabeth , Torres Rojas Yassir Edén , Cuevas Jiménez Alfonso
Published: August 2021

The Terminos Lagoon is an estuarine-lagoon ecosystem, recognized as one of the largest coastal lagoons in the Gulf of Mexico, has great ecological, social and economic relevance, being a place from which various activities of commercial importance are carried out, in addition to being an area that presents high diversity. However, in the last 20 years it has been influenced by anthropic and natural impacts, which modifies the physicochemical characteristics of the water (temperature, salinity and pH) and changes in diversity species, being decisive in changes in regionalization. Therefore, in the present study, the spatio-temporal relationship of the physicochemical characteristics was analyzed, using geostatistics to characterize and predict possible new hydrological zones for Terminos lagoon. Samples were carried out monthly at 17 points, by zones and seasons (dry, rainy and wind/winter), in which significant differences were sought. To detect possible changes in regionalization, the GS+ software was used, where the values ​​of R2 were considered, defining the interpolation of Minimum Curvature (R2 <0.5). For the spatial distribution, the TNTmips program was used and to restructure the current zoning, a Cluster Analysis was applied. The results indicate for rainy season higher temperature values ​​(30.59 °C), higher salinity in dry (31.78 UPS), and higher pH in the wind/winter season (7.88). In the spatial distribution, the warmest areas were shown in the Candelaria River, the most saline areas by Isla de Carmen and the highest pH ranges near Pom-Atasta. According to the previous regionalization, 4 new zones are represented, which are influenced by fresh water discharges and the intrusion of salt water that is carried within the site.
Keywords: Gulf of Mexico, ecosystem, refuge area, alterations, geostatistics.
Morphological aspects and its influence in the ecological role of two simpatric species
(Lagodon rhomboides and Archosargus rhomboidalis) in Terminos lagoon, Mexico
Authors: Feria Alvarado Karla Gabriela , Reyna Francisca Reyna Francisca , Torres Rojas Yassir Eden , del Río Rodríguez Rodolfo
Published: August 2021

In Terminos Lagoon the Sparidae family is represented mainly by Lagodon rhomboides (Lr) and Archosargus rhomboidalis (Ar), both reported with herbivorous habits, however, the record of carnivorous or omnivorous habits in other regions raises questions about the correct classification of the ecological role they play and the influences that morphological aspects may have (e.g. oral difference and intestine length). The objective was to analyze the trophic role (amplitude, overlap and trophic level) through the stomach content and its possible relationship with the morphological aspects of L. rhomboides. and A. rhomboidalis during three climatic seasons (30 individuals per species per season). As results, 180 individuals were analyzed with an average total length of 14.0 ± 2.5 (cm) for both species. According to the Index Importance Geometric (IGI), Thalassia testudinum was the main item of L. rhomboides (IGI= 86.3) and A. rhomboidalis (IGI= 63.3), however, the secondary items for A. rhombiodalis (Brachidontes (Hormomya) exustus= 5.70) and L. rhomboides (Parvilucina (Parvilucina) multilineata= 16.80) were different. The trophic breadth (“Bi”) indicated that L. rhomboides. and A. rhomboidalis are specialists (BiLr= 0.02 and BiAr= 0.01). At the intraspecific level, there is high similarity (ANOSIM) in the diet of both Sparids between seasons (RLr= 0.03 and RAr= 0.05), however, at the interspecific level, low similarity was observed (Rg= 0.15), which was reflected in the NT of both Sparids (NTLr= 2.22 and NTAr= 3.71). The average buccal area was smaller in L. rhomboides (12.90 mm) compared to A. rhomboidalis (13.07 mm). Based on the intestinal index, L. rhomboides is classified. (Ii= 2.20) as herbivore, and A. rhomboidalis (Ii= 0.71) as carnivore. In conclusion, both species presented differences in trophic roles, probably related to specific morphological aspects. This information is relevant to know the vulnerability of a species from simulation studies to different phenomena such as climate change.
Keywords: Herbivore, Gulf of Mexico. Protected Natural Area, ANOSIM and Coastal Lagoons.
Ayurvedic herbal remedies as bone regenerative materials for surface coating of implants-A preliminary in-vitro validation study
Authors: Srinidhi Bhat  , Ramesh Chowdhary
Published: August 2021

Asthishrinkala and Lakshadi guggulu are traditional ayurvedic herbal constituents widely used in treatment of bone disorders. These herbal constituents improve the bone regenerative capacity by their osteogenic potential. Identify the active constituents and their uses improving the treatment outcome in modern orthopaedic medicine. The aim of the study is to isolate and evaluate the osteogenic activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Cissus Quadrangularis and Lakshadi guggulu. Various concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. quadrangularis  and Lakshadi Guggulu were subjected to assess the alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity using spectrophotometric method and their kinetics were determined.  The extracts of C. quadrangularis  and lakshaqdi guggulu shows increased alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity with increasing concentration. Moreover the activity of Lakshadi guggulu methanolic extract was more superior to the C. Quadrangularis at respective concentration. Based on the increased alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, the C. Quadrangularis and Lakshadi guggulu extracts possess significant osteogenic activity which can be used as a competent surface modification material in dental bone healing and orthopaedic titanium implants.
Dendritic cells maintain anti-tumor immunity by positioning CD8 skin-resident memory T cells
Authors: Vella Jennifer L , Molodtsov Aleksey , Angeles Christina V , Branchini Bruce R , Turk Mary Jo , Huang Yina H
Published: August 2021

Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are emerging as critical components of the immune response to cancer; yet, requirements for their ongoing function and maintenance remain unclear. APCs promote TRM cell differentiation and re-activation but have not been implicated in sustaining TRM cell responses. Here, we identified a novel role for dendritic cells in supporting TRM to melanoma. We showed that CD8 TRM cells remain in close proximity to dendritic cells in the skin. Depletion of CD11c+ cells results in rapid disaggregation and eventual loss of melanoma-specific TRM cells. In addition, we determined that TRM migration and/or persistence requires chemotaxis and adhesion mediated by the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis. The interaction between CXCR6-expressing TRM cells and CXCL16-expressing APCs was found to be critical for sustaining TRM cell–mediated tumor protection. These findings substantially expand our knowledge of APC functions in TRM T-cell homeostasis and longevity.
Methodology of MCC training in the conditions of the air training and education centre
Authors:   University of Zilina, Chodelka Frederik , Braciník Tomáš
Published: August 2021

The main goal of the paper is to create a methodology for the theoretical and practical part of the multi-crew cooperation training course, which is provided by the Air Training and Education Centre of the University of Žilina since 2007. At the same time, the purpose of the methodology will be to contribute to the quality of education, streamlining the multi-crew cooperation training course and to provide a comprehensive study material for training candidates that reflects on the changes made from 2007 to the present. The reason which stimulated the elaboration of the paper is mainly the already existing study material, published in 2007 within the publication Metodika pilotného výcviku na letovom simulátore, which has now proved to be outdated and insufficient for the needs of the training course. The training material does not reflect the legislative changes made, the modifications to the flight and navigation procedures trainer and some training elements, which are currently emphasized in the training process. The paper, the content of which is a new methodology focused exclusively on the multi-crew cooperation training course, is based on valid and effective regulations, on the airplane flight manual of Beechcraft Super King Air B200 / B200C, inspired by internal operation manuals of the airline operators, internal manuals of the Air Training and Education Centre and is also based on the Metodika pilotného výcviku na letovom simulátore. It will be possible to apply the content of the paper as an up-to-date methodology for theoretical and practical part of the multi-crew cooperation training course, which meets all the currently required criteria. At the same time, it will be possible to implement some parts of the paper into the internal manuals of the Air Training and Education Centre.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business models of regular air carriers
Authors:   University of Zilina, Chovanculiak Marko , Materna Matúš
Published: August 2021

This paper analyzes the changing characteristics of air transportation business models due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These characterics differ with each kind of the air transport carrier. It was possible to observe the changes of the business models characteristics even sooner, during the hybridization. As regards the business models hybridization, it's given that with individual type of carriers it's rather natural activity, resulting from the need of increasing profits, reducting costs or simply the effort to successfully enter the different market. With the business model characteristic changes due to the pandemics it's rather about the forced changes triggered by the need to adapt to the current situation. Each air transport carrier bussiness model characteristics are introduced, followed up by the analysis of their changes. These changes were or are induced by the need to adapt or to completely change their behavior in the pandemic affected time. The analytical part of the paper provides easily understandable results of the air transport carrier’s behavior. It is possible to observe what the carriers are capable and willing to undertake in order to keep the customer. This paper ultimately introduces the forced changes, the air transport carriers had to accede in order to save the business from bankruptcy as well as how it would be possible to adapt their provided services in future.
The assessment of the catchment area of Žilina airport in terms of inbound tourism
Authors:   University of Zilina, Kohútová Alžbeta , Kazda Antonín
Published: August 2021

The aim of the paper is to assess the catchment area of Žilina Airport in terms of inbound tourism, to consider the possibilities of its further development, and to assess potential traffic flows. The first chapter is devoted to the evaluation of current state and accessibility of the region within the realm of air travel. The second chapter describes the acquired theoretical knowledge about tourism which served as a basis for the Žilina Airport catchment area specification, as well as for defining activities, organisations and facilities crucial for the development of inbound tourism in the area. Another part of the final paper is a short questionnaire which details the interest of spa facilities in the airport catchment area to attract groups of clients who utilised air travel. The results obtained from the questionnaire served as a basis for the last chapter which describes potential customers and traffic flows.
New threats in security
Authors:   University of Zilina, Kundráthová Natália , Lysina Karol
Published: August 2021

The article is focused on modern threats in the department of security. The urge to address this issue is due to growing occurrence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) all around the world. The operation of these vehicles is also closely linked to incidents that threaten security, but the most serious are increasing numbers of incidents connected to operation of UAV. For correct processing, it is very important to define the basic concepts and facts related to the topic of UAV. Safety and security in general, are inseparable parts of air transport. Taking into account the constant development of aviation technology, especially in the department of UAV, it is necessary to know the emerging threats and pitfalls associated with the operation of UAV. The following chapters define in more detail the causes of incidents. Later on, we get to know various methods of detection and protection connected to operation of UAV using the comparative method. Key part of our paper is being formed by the analysis of current regulatory framework at European and national level. The result is a proposal for new legislation that could and also should be implemented in national regulations. All things considered, such legislation must meet all attributes necessary for the safe operation of UAV and protection against their illegal use.
Analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training
Authors:   University of Zilina, Matula Dominik , Bugaj Martin
Published: August 2021

The main goal of the paper is based on the analysis to define the criteria for selecting an aircraft suitable for PPL training. We achieved the main goal by meeting two sub-goals. The first sub-objective is the analysis of training organizations in Slovakia, on the basis of which we have selected entities for the second sub-objective thus the analysis of selected aircrafts suitable for PPL training. In this work we analyze three, most used training aircrafts for PPL training in Slovakia. We analyze selected aircrafts in terms of three main parts, which include, analysis of technical parameters, analysis of flight characteristics and analysis of operating parameters. Based on the given analyzes, we obtained an evaluation of the characteristics of selected aircrafts, their individual advantages and disadvantages. Other results of the work include the evaluation of criteria that are suitable for aircrafts designed for PPL training. This work can be applied in practice, especially when deciding on the selection of a training aircraft for a student or training organization.
Approaches of chosen air navigation services providers to UAV integration into air traffic control systems
Authors:   University of Zilina, Matúš Peter , Materna Matúš
Published: August 2021

In this article are approaches of Air Navigation Services (ANS) providers in chosen countries to UAV integration into Air Traffic Control Systems identified and described. Firstly we made a synpaper of theoretical information about ANS and UAV. Product of ANS providers has 11 parts. For UAV traffic control and management are important ATC, CNS, AIS, MET, ATFCM and ASM services. The volume of ANS provided depends on UAV operation development in the country, and on the level of integration of UAV into ATC systems. The biggest problem of UAV operation is the risk of collision with piloted aircraft, and potential threat of people and property on the ground. The biggest risk is during UAV operation close to airports, because there are many aircrafts flying in low altitudes (after take-off and on approach to landing). The consequences of collision in this altitudes in the most serious. Because of this, 4 ways to detect and 2 ways to mitigate an unauthorized UAV close to airport are currently in use. Various combinations of UAV detection and mitigation ways create complex airport UAV protection systems. Secondly, we chose 7 countries (Poland, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, USA, India, and United Arab Emirates), and analysed their approaches to UAV integration. In all of the analysed countries can remote pilots use a mobile application, which allows them to create a flight plan, and receive all the information, necessary for the flight. Differences between these countries are for example if the permission in required for every UAV flight (in Hungary and India yes), if the ANS provider has an opportunity to watch UAV during flight (in Poland, India, and partly in Germany), if the UAV operation without direct visual contact between remote pilot and UAV is allowed (in Poland and Germany), and if are UAV operations included into airspace capacity management systems (in Poland, Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain). UAV integration process in next years will relate to development of communication systems between UAVs, between UAV and ATC, and between UAV and piloted aircraft. The process will also relate to development of technologies to avoid mid-air collisions.
Wing magnetohydrodynamic facility of aircraft propulsion system
Authors:   University of Zilina, Miča Pavol , Čerňan Jozef
Published: August 2021

Magnetohydrodynamics is one of the relatively new fields of physics studying the dynamics of magnetic fields in electrically conductive fluids. The implementation using magnetohydrodynamic principles applied to aircraft propulsion systems is so far only in a range of experiments. So far, real applications have occurred only a few times and always only at the level of experiments and prototypes. In my paper, I deal with the application of a magnetohydrodynamic device built into the wing of an airplane. This means should work as a secondary type of drive in cooperation with the primary drive, which is represented by a turbofan motor. The device´s main function is to reduce the fuel requirements of the primary drive and reduce noise and other harmful emissions. The work also includes drawings created in the program AutoCAD, where I designed the location and implementation of a wing magnetohydrodynamic device in the wing of general construction. In this work, I also explore the advantages and disadvantages of using different tips of the primary drive. I am also researching the current state of the problem where I am analyzing the Japanese project of the YAMATO-1 semi-catamaran with magnetohydronymous propulsion and a prototype of an ion-powered crawler from IMT scientists. I also examine in detail all the theoretical knowledge concerning magnetohydrodynamics and wing design. Finally, I compare the advantages and disadvantages of using this tool as well as other technical issues related to construction. This work can serve as a basis for further future research into the application of magnetohydrodynamic principles in aviation
Experimental state of tensile testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine
Authors:   University of Zilina, Mrva Matúš , Pecho Pavol
Published: August 2021

The main goal of the Paper "Experimental state of tensile tests of aircraft piston internal combustion engine" is to create an experimental and fully functional measuring stand for monitoring the parameters of a model internal combustion piston engine, using different types of propellers. The partial goals are the creation of a teaching aid, the construction of a unique facility and the creation of opportunities for research and development in this area by other students. Using a measuring device, it was possible to record the various operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Based on this, the usability of individual propellers for the measured internal combustion engine can be determined.
Proposal of aircraft maintenance planning software for ATO
Authors:   University of Zilina, Mikulec Dominik , Škultéty Filip
Published: August 2021

The goal of this paper is to create a proposal of aircraft maintenance planning software, which meets the requirements of approved training organization (ATO) and combined airworthiness organization which are part of the Air training and education centre (LVVC). Conducted analysis of organizations that operate in aviation including LVVC, illustrates use cases, content and processes linked with planning software. Based on the acquired knowledge the proposal of the software is created, thanks to its structure and content optimizes coordination and planning of aircraft maintenance and processing of operation data. Paper also contains an alternative to the proposed software in form of online software that can be purchased if required. The paper provides software developers overview of the required structure and functionality of the proposed software.
Design and construction of a UAV device with a fixed wing for the conditions of rescue services
Authors:   University of Zilina, Petrík Nikolas Michael , Pecho Pavol
Published: August 2021

The paper is focused on comprehensive design of an unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, which would add efficiency to specific activities performed by rescue services. The current rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles is slowly becoming part of many industries around the world. The aim of this paper is to design an unmanned aerial vehicle that could provide safe, reliable, and efficient operation. The overall design, construction, and installation of the proposed unmanned aerial vehicle should integrate several modern technologies. To make an ideal design of unmanned aerial vehicle it is required to possess the knowledge of current construction methods of additive manufacturing, understanding of legislation in operating conditions and, in addition to general knowledge of unmanned vehicles, also comprehensive skills in programming and configuration of autonomous control elements of autonomous unmanned systems. After the production of the unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, very good technical properties were demonstrated during experimental ground tests. Achieved technical properties are comparable to those owned by the unmanned aerial vehicles that are currently on the market. The final design configuration using an infrared-sensitive optical device could perform activities such as: searching for missing persons in hard-to-reach and vast terrain or searching for forest fires.
Implementation of SMS into theoretical and practical MCC training
Authors:   University of Zilina, Petríková Michaela , Jůn František
Published: August 2021

The main goal of my paper is to implement safety management system into theoretical and practical MCC training. I was inspired for finishing this paper by my own integrated ATPL training at University of Žilina. Work is divided into three main parts. The first part of the paper is theory of safety management system, safety in aviation, loss of control and controlled flight into terrain. Five air accidents are characterized and analyzed in the next section. This part contains air accident Air Dubnica of two aircraft L410 in Dubnica nad Váhom, Air Accident OSSR An-24 Aircraft in Košice, Aviompanija Tatarstan accident in Kazan, accident of cypriot airline Helios and Pakistan International Airlines accident in Karachi, Pakistan. In the last part of the paper is designed implementation of the safety management system into MCC training.
Maintenance and reliability of aircraft technology
Authors:   University of Zilina, Rýzek Dušan , Bugaj Martin
Published: August 2021

The paper deals with the maintenance and influencing the human factor in aircraft maintenance. The work is divided into three basic parts. In the first part of the paper, the aim was to describe the maintenance from a historical point of view, to describe the individual stages of maintenance and to summarize how to maintain the years of development. We also have specified individual types of maintenance, maintenance intervals. The most extensive part in the theory are the laws and regulations that must comply with when performing maintenance in the Slovak Republic. This part is indeed included, but we consider it important to mention it in the work. The second part of the paper is the analysis of accidents of commercial aircraft in commercial aviation for the last 3 years. The analysis contains 43 accidents, from which we came to a conclusion. In the first part of the analysis, we selected those accidents that occurred due to maintenance, and then from these accidents, we further determined which accidents occurred due to human error in maintenance. The aim was to determine whether the number of accidents in commercial aviation in civil aviation due to maintenance should increase or decrease, and subsequently, whether the number of accidents in terms of human factor inmaintenance would increase or decrease. The last part so the conclusion is of course focused on the evaluation of the results of the analytical part and the declaration of whether we managed to meet the goal of the paper.
Design optimization of a compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors
Authors:   University of Zilina, Šajbanová Kristína , Čerňan Jozef
Published: August 2021

The paper deals with the design optimization of the compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors, especially in order to create a model which, due to its parameters in real operation, would achieve the maximum possible values of efficiency. The primary goal of this work is to create a design of a compressor stage with counter-rotating rotors from a theoretical point of view. The compressor stage model is created using Inventor modelling software and the subsequent design evaluation and optimization is based on airflow analysis of the compressor stage using Ansys Discovery Live software. The secondary goal is to point out the existence and application of innovative and progressive technology of rapid prototyping in the world of aircraft component production and at the same time to emphasize its benefits in comparison with conventional production techniques applied in the initial stages of aircraft component production.
Methodical manual for flight according to PBN
Authors:   University of Zilina, Novák Andrej , Jůn František
Published: August 2021

Work dealing with the professional topic of PBN issues and its use within the University of Žilina in Žilina. The division of the work is 4 content units, each of which describes a different area of the issue. In the first chapter, the author analyzes certified navigation devices and their functionality within the PBN concept. The chapter describes the basic radio navigation equipment, which we include in the concept of PBN, namely VOR, DME, but also satellite navigation systems GNSS, ABAS, GBAS, SBAS. And in summary, use of these systems in the PBN concept. The next chapter describes the theoretical knowledge that a student should have in flight according to PBN. It describes the theoretical background that a pilot needs to perform such a flight. Every pilot who starts practical flying should have studied the facts given in this chapter. In the third chapter, the reader will learn about the differences between flying a real aircraft and between simulator flying during PBN training. It describes the execution of the flight according to PBN, which is helpful before starting the simulator training. The simulator is an important part of the training and should therefore be given the same level of attention. The last part of this work summarizes the facts from the previous chapters and uses this knowledge in their implementation in flight procedures. When reading this chapter, it is necessary to use your knowledge of practical training. The aim of this work is to create a framework for the future methodological manual for PBN training. The main goal of this work is to bring the issue closer to the reader, to acquaint him with the issue of PBN flying.
Construction of a reactive engine intended for measurement of thrust characteristics and efficiency of selected aviation fuels
Authors:   University of Zilina, Sitár Matej , Pecho Pavol
Published: August 2021

The content of the research consists in the approach and interpretation of pulsejet engines as simple devices that are able to produce thrust. Relevant information about the principle of operation, the process of manufacturing a pulse engine, together with knowledge about fuels, which are subjected to research focused on the production of thrust, provide the design of a functional valveless pulsejet engine type "Lockwood". The pulsejet engine is designed to measure the thrust characteristics and efficiencies of selected aviation fuels, and its construction is the main goal, which also provides insight into a comprehensive solution to the problem. Experiments focused on fuel research, have become the main motivation for our work, which in addition to theoretical knowledge also captures the factual solution to the problem in its practical part. Thework describes a specific procedure for the construction of a pulsejet engine, but also a description of by-products of this process, in the form of a metal stationary base and the implementation of various functional components into the structure. The results of the experiments represent important outputs of the work, which clarify the values of thrust, which the engine produced when propelled by selected fuels and at the same time provide inspiration for the implementation of other similar research.
Regulatory framework for civil aviation between the EU and the UK after Brexit
Authors:   University of Zilina, Vereš Maroš , Tomová Anna
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the topic of Brexit, and its objective is a complex description of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport in United Kingdom. The methods like description, analysis and synpaper were applied on extensive and diverse sources of information, e.g. case laws, regulations, studies or expert articles. The paper introduces a comprehensive set of facts that clarify the act of withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The explanation of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport for the United Kingdom, and its impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union, brings contribution to the students of Department of Air Transport. The significance of the work is mainly in the timeliness of the topic, that could subsequently be used as an educational material in the field of air transport within the international economic relations.
Optimisation of turboprop aircraft operations as a means to reduce their environmental footprint
Authors:   University of Zilina, Števárová Lucia , Badánik Benedikt
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the subject of optimisation of turboprop aircraft operations to decrease their environmental footprint. This aircraft category is not at the forefront of optimisation efforts of operators as it supplies lower volumes of traffic and is equipped with the most fuel-efficient technology for missions served on regional markets. The theoretical part of this paper details turboprop aircraft contributions to global CO2 emissions and analyses aspects behind their efficient performance. Further, it provides a thorough assessment of the operational practices that can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of turboprop aircraft operations. For better illustration, some are exemplified in simple case studies. The practical part of this work aimed to quantify the effects of operational optimisation on turboprop aircraft. Based on the theoretical analysis, we established five operational adjustments whose effects can be determined using performance calculations. These calculations have been carried out using ATR 72-600 aircraft as a reference for a specified average turboprop flight. It was found that through operational adjustments, the fuel consumption on an average ATR 72-600 flight can be decreased on the order of 10%. The energy intensity of operations defined in CO2 per revenue passenger kilometre could be nearly halved compared to actual values of the ATR 72-600 fleet.
Mavi sklera varlığıyla birlikte farklı fenotipik özelliklere sahip osteogenez imperfekta tip 5 olgusu
Authors: GÜNEŞ KORKUT Didem , KOR Deniz , BULUT Fatma Derya , KILAVUZ Sebile , CEYLANER Serdar , BALLI Tuğsan , ÖNENLİ MUNGAN H. Neslihan
Published: August 2021

Osteogenez İmperfekta, birçok fenotipe sahip, nadir görülen kalıtsal bir kemik metabolizması hastalığıdır. Tip I kollajen yapımından sorumlu genlerdeki mutasyonlar sonucunda oluşur. Hem otozomal dominant hem de otozomal resesif geçişli bu hastalıkta, vakaların %80'inden fazlası en yaygın COL1A1 ve COL1A2 genlerindeki mutasyonlarla ilişkilidir. IFITM5 genindeki mutasyonlar ise vakaların %5-10'undan sorumludur. IFITM5 geninde görülen en yaygın mutasyon “c. - 14C> T”, otozomal dominant Osteogenez İmperfekta Tip V'den sorumludur. Osteogenez İmperfekta Tip V’in klinik varyasyonu çoktur. Bazı durumlarda fenotipik özelliklerin zayıf olması tanıyı daha da zorlaştırır. Bu olgu sunumu hem hastanemizde ilk tanı konulan Osteogenez İmperfekta Tip V olgusu olması hem de klinik özelliklerinin farklı olması nedeniyle sunulmuştur.
Adölesanlarda umut, sağlık ve hemşirelik
Authors: GENÇ Fatımatüzzehra , BİLGİLİ Naile
Published: August 2021

Ergenlik dönemi çocukluktan erişkinliğe geçiş, bireyin değişen bedenine, duygularına ve sorumluluklarına uyum sağlayabilme sürecidir. Bu hızlı gelişim ve değişim sürecinde yaşanan stres ve zorluklar genellikle sağlıklı bir grup olarak algılanan adölesanların fiziksel ve ruh sağlığını, yaşam kalitesini, mücadele gücünü, yaşam doyumunu olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda umut, adölesanların değişim süreci ve stresli yaşam olaylarının neden olduğu sorunlarla başa çıkmaları gerektiğinde yaşam için vazgeçilmez psikolojik kaynak olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu düşünceden yola çıkarak derlemede; adölesanlarda umudun sağlık üzerine etkilerine ve hemşirelik yaklaşımının önemine vurgu yapmak amaçlanmıştır.
Besinlerle alınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine etkisi
Authors: KILINÇ Gül Eda , KESER Alev
Published: August 2021

Öz
Puberte, üreme işlevine ulaşmak için adolesanın bedeninde meydana gelen bir dizi gelişimsel değişiklerdir. Pubertal gelişim nöroendokrin sistem tarafından kontrol edilmektedir ve pubertal zaman üzerinde birçok faktör etkili olmaktadır. Bu faktörler arasında nöroendokrin sistemi önemli düzeyde etkileyen endokrin bozucular yer almaktadır. Endokrin bozucular; endokrin sistem fonksiyonlarını etkileyerek organizmanın sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler meydana getirmektedirler. Bu etkilerini ise hormonların sentez, taşınma, metabolizma, bağlanma reaksiyonları, aktiviteleri, vücuttan atılımları ve hatta hedef hücredeki etkilerini değiştirebilme özellikleri yoluyla gerçekleştirmektedirler. Endokrin çevre bozucuların insan sağlığı üzerine olası etkileri giderek tartışmaların odağı haline gelmektedir. Endokrin çevre bozan kimyasallar; plastiklerde, deterjanlarda, böcek ilaçlarında ve endüstriyel kimyasallarda bulunmaktadırlar. Endokrin bozucuların bir kısmı lipofilik yapıda olup yağ dokusunda birikir, bir kısmı ise özellikle gelişimin kritik bir periyodu sırasında önemli rollere sahiptir. Pubertal gelişim üzerinde özellikle sentetik ve çevresel endokrin bozucular etkili olmakta ve bunların vücuda alınmasında beslenmenin oldukça önemli bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Besinler özellikle üretim, depolama ve işleme yöntemleri sırasında endokrin bozucular ile kontamine olmaktadır. Endokrin bozucuların vücut üzerine etkileri, bireylerin lipid profili, oksidatif stres düzeyi, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve beslenme durumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Bunun yanında çok sayıda hayvan ve insan çalışması, besinler yoluyla alınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine olumsuz etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak çalışma sonuçları, endokrin bozuculara maruziyet zamanına (prenatal, perinatal ve pubertal) ve endokrin bozucu kimyasal bileşenlerin antagonist etkilerine yönelik konularda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu derlemede özellikle besinler yoluyla maruz kalınan endokrin bozucuların pubertal gelişim üzerine etkisinin literatüre dayalı olarak tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.