bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese yam: changes in physicochemical properties, bioactive components, antioxidant properties and microstructure
Authors: Li Qing-ming , Xia Lei , Wang Feng , Guo Shi-yin , Zou Jin-hao , Su Xiao-jun , Yu Peng
Published: July 2020

In the present study, we aimed to assess the effects of hot air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MD), far-infrared radiation drying (FIRD), vacuum drying (VD) and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) on the quality, bioactive components, pasting properties, antioxidant properties, in vitro digestibility and microstructure of Chinese yam. Results showed that these drying processes greatly affected the quality of yam (p<0.05). MVD yam had a good color and its bioactive components were maintained. VD and MVD samples had the lowest setback value and breakdown value, indicating that they had a better cold paste stability and hot paste stability. In addition, MVD samples had a uniform honeycomb microscopic pore structure, and thus the rehydration rate of MVD samples was significantly higher compared with the other drying approaches. When five differently dried samples were compared by principal component analysis (PCA), the MVD samples were found to have the highest comprehensive principal component values. Therefore, based on our results, MVD was an ideal approach to dry high-quality yam.
Structural and thermal properties of the amaranth starch granule obtained by high-impact wet milling
Authors: Roa Acosta Diego Fernando , Solanilla Duque José Fernando , Agudelo Laverde Lina Marcela , Villada Castillo Héctor Samuel , Tolaba Marcela Patricia
Published: July 2020

In this study, amaranth starch was extracted by high-impact wet milling and its structural and thermal properties and the effect of NaOH and SDS concentrations on extraction yield were evaluated. The best condition was 55 g of starch/100 g of amaranth, with a decrease from 2.5 to 3.5 kJ/g using different milling energies. The decrease in the protein content of the starch granule is due to an effect of the interaction between surfactant and alkali, preventing the destruction of granules. All starches presented a degree of crystallinity between 21 and 28%. The internal structural changes of the starch granule were monitored by attenuated total reflectance - Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) in the region of 990 to 1060 cm−1. Spectra showed significant differences between the peaks at 1032 and 1005 cm−1, corresponding to the crystalline/amorphous region of the starch structure. Changes in viscosity profiles were observed between 0.302 and 1.163 Pa s.
A Combinatorial Solution to Causal Compatibility
Authors: Fraser Thomas C.
Published: July 2020

Within the field of causal inference, it is desirable to learn the structure of causal relationships holding between a system of variables from the correlations that these variables exhibit; a sub-problem of which is to certify whether or not a given causal hypothesis is compatible with the observed correlations. A particularly challenging setting for assessing causal compatibility is in the presence of partial information; i.e. when some of the variables are hidden/latent. This paper introduces the possible worlds framework as a method for deciding causal compatibility in this difficult setting. We define a graphical object called a possible worlds diagram, which compactly depicts the set of all possible observations. From this construction, we demonstrate explicitly, using several examples, how to prove causal incompatibility. In fact, we use these constructions to prove causal incompatibility where no other techniques have been able to. Moreover, we prove that the possible worlds framework can be adapted to provide a complete solution to the possibilistic causal compatibility problem. Even more, we also discuss how to exploit graphical symmetries and cross-world consistency constraints in order to implement a hierarchy of necessary compatibility tests that we prove converges to sufficiency.
Post-randomization Biomarker Effect Modification Analysis in an HIV Vaccine Clinical Trial
Authors: Gilbert Peter B. , Blette Bryan S. , Shepherd Bryan E. , Hudgens Michael G.
Published: July 2020

While the HVTN 505 trial showed no overall efficacy of the tested vaccine to prevent HIV infection over placebo, markers measuring immune response to vaccination were strongly correlated with infection. This finding generated the hypothesis that some marker-defined vaccinated subgroups were partially protected whereas others had their risk increased. This hypothesis can be assessed using the principal stratification framework (Frangakis and Rubin, 2002) for studying treatment effect modification by an intermediate response variable, using methods in the sub-field of principal surrogate (PS) analysis that studies multiple principal strata. Unfortunately, available methods for PS analysis require an augmented study design not available in HVTN 505, and make untestable structural risk assumptions, motivating a need for more robust PS methods. Fortunately, another sub-field of principal stratification, survivor average causal effect (SACE) analysis (Rubin, 2006) – which studies effects in a single principal stratum – provides many methods not requiring an augmented design and making fewer assumptions. We show how, for a binary intermediate response variable, methods developed for SACE analysis can be adapted to PS analysis, providing new and more robust PS methods. Application to HVTN 505 supports that the vaccine partially protected individuals with vaccine-induced T-cells expressing certain combinations of functions.
An overview on red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Aziz Ejaz , Batool Riffat , Khan Muhammad Usman , Rauf Abdur , Akhtar Wasim , Heydari Mojtaba , Rehman Shazia , Shahzad Tasmeena , Malik Ayesha , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah , Plygun Sergey , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To review red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications.

Content

Seaweed sources are becoming attractive to be used in health and therapeutics. Among these red algae is the largest group containing bioactive compounds utilized in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, manure and various supplements in food formula. Various significant bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (aginate, agar, and carrageenan), lipids and polyphenols, steroids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, antheraquinones and cardiac glycosides have been reported in red algae. The red algae have rich nutritional components Different polysaccharides of red algae possess the antiviral potential namely agarans, carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran and naviculan. Sulfated polysaccharides and carraginans of red algae are rich source of soluble fibers which can account for antitumor activities depending upon chemistry of various secondary metabolites and metabolism of cell line. Flavons-3-ols containing catechins from many red algae block the telomerase activity in colon cancer cells. Contraceptive agents were tested from red algae as a source for post-coital. Lectin of red algae showed pro-healing properties and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Carragenates from red algae also conferred a positive influence on diabetes. Red algae depicted a reducing effect on plasma lipids and obesity. Porphyran from red alga can act as anti-hyperlipidemic agent also reduces the apolipoprotein B100 via suppression of lipid synthesis in human liver.

The polyphenolic extracts of Laurencia undulate, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Solieria robusta extract show anti-inflammatory effects against multiple genera of devastating fungi. Antioxidants such as phlorotannins, ascorbic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids from red algae showed toxicity on some cancer cells without side effects. Red algae Laurencia nipponica was found insecticidal against mosquito larvae. Red algae fibers are very important in laxative and purgative activities. Gracilaria tenuistipitat resisted in agricultural lands polluted with cadmium and copper.

Outlook

In the recent decades biotechnological applications of red algae has been increased. Polysaccharides derived from red algae are important tool for formulation of drugs delivery system via nanotechnology.
A randomized trial of the effect of peer education on the sexual quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Abbasi Ali , Ebrahimi Hossein , Bagheri Hossein , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Mohammadpourhodki Reza
Published: July 2020

Background

One of the factors associated with readmission is inappropriate sexual activity after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to assess the effect of peer education on the sexual quality of life (SQOL) in patients with MI.

Methods

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 70 patients with MI meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to experimental or control groups using block randomization. Peer education for the intervention group was provided on the third day after MI. Education sessions lasted from 90 to 120 minutes. Data were collected using demographic, sexual quality of life-female (SQOL-F), and sexual quality of life-male (SQOL-M) questionnaires during the fourth week after MI.

Results

There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention in terms of demographic and SQOL. The mean of SQOL in the peer education group was significantly higher than the control group at the 4-week follow-up.

Conclusions

According to the results, using peer education is recommended for the sexual health care professionals.
Demand and Supply in the Cocaine Market: An Empirical Study
Authors: Bernal Humberto
Published: July 2020

This research analyzes the cocaine market from an economic perspective. The consumption of the coca leaf is ancient, and cocaine has been consumed for over 100 years. Longitudinal data from producing countries is taken to estimate cocaine cost structure, and longitudinal data from regions around the world is taken to estimate demand curve. Data is annual and comes from United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime reports. A microeconomic model under imperfect competition is calibrated to estimate volumes and prices of cocaine under illegal market and legal market. Results show that cocaine production has internal economies of scale, and the demand curve satisfies law of demand. Moreover, the world demand for this narcotic segmented by regions is elastic and normal good as income increases. From this economic picture, it is necessary to regulate this market efficiently through price within a context of legality in production and consumption.
Which technique is better to place a manoeuvrable vacuum extractor cup on the flexion point? Vacca vs. Bird technique
Authors: Cuerva Marcos Javier , Espinosa Jose Ángel , Barras Silvia , Gonzalez-Cerron Silvia , Ojeda Faride , Cortés Marta
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to compare the vacuum extractor cup application technique described by Bird vs. the technique described by Vacca on a simulation model.

Methods

Six obstetricians participated in the study. Each obstetrician performed eight vacuum assisted deliveries using the Bird technique and eight vacuum assisted deliveries using the Vacca 5-Steps technique.

Results

A total of 96 vacuum assisted deliveries were performed. The mean distance from the centre of the cup to the flexion point was 1.78±0.96 cm for the Bird technique and 1.05±0.60 cm for the Vacca technique (p<0.001). The lateral distance (over the parietal bone) was 1.16±0.69 cm for the Bird technique and 0.66±0.52 cm for the Vacca technique (p<0.001). The vertical distance (towards the frontal or occipital bone) was 1.12±1.02 cm for the Bird technique and 0.67±0.55 cm for the Vacca technique (p=0.009). In occipito anterior positions, there were no significant differences between both techniques.

Conclusions

The Vacca technique was better in transverse and posterior positions.
Family multilingualism from a southern perspective: Language ideologies and practices of Brazilian parents in Norway
Authors: Lomeu Gomes Rafael
Published: July 2020

This article derives from a three-year ethnographic project carried out in Norway focusing on language practices of Brazilian families raising their children multilingually. Analyses of interview data with two Brazilian parents demonstrate the relevance of examining intersectionally the participants’ orientation to categorisations such as social class, gender, and race/ethnicity. Additionally, I explore how parents make sense of their transnational, multilingual experiences, and the extent to which these experiences inform the language-related decisions they make in the home. Advancing family multilingualism research in a novel direction, I employ a southern perspective as an analytical position that: (i) assumes the situatedness of knowledge production; (ii) aims at increasing social and epistemic justice; (iii) opposes the dominance of Western-centric epistemologies; and (iv) sees the global South as a political location, not necessarily geographic, but with many overlaps. Finally, I draw on the notions of intercultural translation and equivocation to discuss the intercultural encounters parents reported. The overarching argument of this article is that forging a southern perspective from which to analyse parental language practices and beliefs offers a theoretical framework that can better address the issues engendered by parents engaged in South–North transnational, multilingual practices.
Harassment, Seclusion and the Status of Women in the Workplace: An Islamic and International Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Balto Sarah
Published: July 2020

Since the mid-nineteenth century, women in Europe, North America and elsewhere have played an increasing role in the workforce. Women started pursuing jobs in factories, offices and businesses instead of being dependent on men for their livelihood. However, along with this significant improvement in the status of women, they still face obstacles, such as the gender pay gab and harassment in the workplace. Although both males and females experience harassment, the available literature clearly suggests that females are more likely to be harassed. Much of the research concerning workplace harassment against women has been conducted in the West while little is known about this phenomenon in workplaces across the Arab and Muslim countries. In fact, gender relations and the nature of workplaces in Arab countries vary significantly from the Western workplace due to religious, social and cultural traditions. Muslim women live in the midst of patriarchal cultures where women’s honour is believed to be sacred. The ideology of women’s seclusion and subordination resulted in the restriction of their ability to participate in the labour force even where females are in urgent need of earned income. In this regard, harassment considers a crucial subject on various international agendas. The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) for instance, reinforces the implementation of legislation that protects women against gender discrimination. Islam in a similar manner respects women and acknowledges their major role within a society. Therefore, as women living in Muslim communities where issues related to sexuality are sensitive, and people are reluctant to discuss such questions in public, this paper aims to discuss women seclusion, the situation of Muslim women with regard to harassment in the workplace, how international human rights deals with harassment as well as the relation between the Islamic jurisprudence and the international human rights with regard harassment in the workplace.
Role of hot electron scattering in epsilon-near-zero optical nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Heng , Du Kang , Liu Ruibin , Dai Xinhai , Zhang Wending , Chua Soo Jin , Mei Ting
Published: July 2020

The physical origin of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) optical nonlinearity lies in the hot-electron dynamics, in which electron scattering plays an important role. With the damping factor defined by hot electron scattering time, the Drude model could be extended to modeling ENZ optical nonlinearity completely. We proposed a statistical electron scattering model that takes into account the effect of electron distribution in a nonparabolic band and conducted the investigation on indium tin oxide (ITO) with femtosecond-pump continuum-probe experiment. We found that ionized impurity scattering and acoustic phonon scattering are the two major scattering mechanisms, of which the latter had been neglected before. They dominate at low-energy and high-energy electrons, respectively, and are weakened or boosted for high electron temperature, respectively. The electron energy–dependent scattering time contributed from multiple scattering mechanisms shows the electron density–dependent damping factor. The comprehensive understanding of electron scattering in ITO will help to develop a complete model of ENZ optical nonlinearity.
Printing polarization and phase at the optical diffraction limit: near- and far-field optical encryption
Authors: Song Qinghua , Khadir Samira , Vézian Stéphane , Damilano Benjamin , de Mierry Philippe , Chenot Sébastien , Brandli Virginie , Laberdesque Romain , Wattellier Benoit , Genevet Patrice
Published: July 2020

Securing optical information to avoid counterfeiting and manipulation by unauthorized persons and agencies requires innovation and enhancement of security beyond basic intensity encryption. In this paper, we present a new method for polarization-dependent optical encryption that relies on extremely high-resolution near-field phase encoding at metasurfaces, down to the diffraction limit. Unlike previous intensity or color printing methods, which are detectable by the human eye, analog phase decoding requires specific decryption setup to achieve a higher security level. In this work, quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry is used as a phase decryption method, decrypting binary quick response (QR) phase codes and thus forming phase-contrast images, with phase values as low as 15°. Combining near-field phase imaging and far-field holographic imaging under orthogonal polarization illumination, we enhanced the security level for potential applications in the area of biometric recognition, secure ID cards, secure optical data storage, steganography, and communications.
Crystal structure of (6aR,6a1S,10aS)-2,4a,6a,6a
1,9,10-hexahydro-7H-4,5-methanocyclobuta[4,5]naphtho[8a,1-b]pyran, C15H16O
Authors: Zhai Shengxian , Chen Lunjian , Niu Yongsheng , Han Chuchu
Published: July 2020

C15H16O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.4371(7) Å, b = 17.567(2) Å, c = 11.8840(18) Å, β = 101.043(9)°, V = 1114.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0422, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1155, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis[μ2-(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylcarbamodithioato-κS:κS,κS′)]-bis(triethylphosphine-P)-di-silver(I), C20H46Ag2N2O2P2S4
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: July 2020

C20H46Ag2N2O2P2S4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.3895(1) Å, b = 13.1597(2) Å, c = 13.1803(2) Å, α = 88.119(1)°, β = 86.601(1)°, γ = 70.173(1)°, V = 1529.22(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0162, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0406, T = 100(2) K.
Evil, Prayer and Transformation
Authors: Burns Elizabeth D.
Published: July 2020

Analytic theodicy commonly suggests an overarching reason why a benevolent, omniscient and omnipotent deity permits the quantity and intensity of suffering in our world. This is often couched in terms of freedom of belief or action, or some other variation of the claim that suffering is “worth the price.” I argue that not even the hope of post-mortem consolation could adequately compensate any individual for the inevitable loss of everything which makes, or might have made, life in this world worth living. By contrast, transformational theodicy argues that suffering is an unfortunate by-product of our evolving world. All living things are connected to other living things by means of networks, symbolised for John Hick by Indra’s Net. Divinity is both the force which brought about the beginning of the universe and sustains its continued existence and an objectively existing standard of goodness which is manifested in varying degrees throughout our world, metaphorically conceived in terms of non-binary personhood. It casts light on human endeavours and provides a source of power on which humankind may draw by means of prayer or meditation to influence the networks of living things in order to prevent or alleviate suffering and promote the flourishing of living beings.
Surface chemistry of structural materials subjected to corrosion
Authors: Pytskii Ivan. S. , Minenkova Irina V. , Kuznetsova Elena S. , Zalavutdinov Rinad Kh. , Uleanov Aleksei V. , Buryak Aleksei K.
Published: July 2020

The article describes a comprehensive mass spectrometric approach to the study of surfaces of structural materials. The combined use of thermal desorption mass spectrometry, gas and liquid chromatography, and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI) to provide information about the surface and surface layers of materials is proposed. The suggested method allows one to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of compounds and surface contaminants adsorbed on surfaces, as well as surface layers, to determine the composition of volatile and non-volatile contaminants on the surface, and to determine the nature of the distribution over the surface of these compounds. The method allows to obtain the most complete information about the surface condition and can be used to predict the life of structural materials.
Analysis of the overvoltage cooperative control strategy for the small hydropower distribution network
Authors: Yan Qunmin , Ma Ruiqing , Zhu Juanjuan , Zhang Hang , Li Yujiao
Published: July 2020

In general, the seasonal characteristics of small hydropower (SHP) especially the power transmission during the summer flood season would lead to the steady overvoltage of the distribution network. In order to suppress this steady overvoltage, a strategy for coordinated cooperation between generator phase-in operation and shunt reactors which can be called cooperative control is proposed. The distribution network of SHP stations connected to the 35 kV Bantao substation in southern Shaanxi is taken as an example to study the mechanism of overvoltage after the SHP is connected to the grid. A distribution network model with SHP units is established. Based on the model, the effect of separately installing shunt reactors on the node voltage is studied in the case of generator lag phase operation and the influence of the operation mode of SHP unit on the node voltage is also analyzed separately. Finally, the improvement measures of cooperative control between the generator phase-in operation and the parallel reactors are analyzed by simulation. Results are presented to verify the improvement measures that can effectively restrain the overvoltage of the distribution network in the SHP area.
Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels
Authors: Aktaş Bülent , Toprak Mehmet , Çalık Adnan , Tekgüler Ali
Published: July 2020

In this study, Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels were boronized by pack-boriding method at 800, 900, and 1000∘C for 5 h. The phases, microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of boride layers formed on the surface of samples were investigated using XRD, SEM, Micro-Vickers hardness testers, and a pin-on-disc tribotester, respectively. XRD analysis showed that both FeB and Fe2B phases were formed in the borided area of Hardox 450 steel, but only Fe2B phase occurred in the boride layer of the HiTuf steel. Micro-Vickers hardness results indicated that the hardness values of the boride layer decreased from the column-shaped structure to towards the matrix in both of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels. Furthermore, the wear test results showed the coefficients of friction (COF) decreased significantly in the borided samples. The COF of the unborided Hardox 450 steel was reduced considerably from 0.29 to 0.02 by boriding treatment. Similarly, the COF of unborided HiTuf steel was significantly diminished from 0.16 to 0.04 by boriding treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated that the wear resistance of Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels can be improved by pack-boriding.
Methylmercury-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation and its preventive strategy using anti-inflammation N-acetyl-l-cysteine: a mini-review
Authors: Muniroh Muflihatul
Published: July 2020

The exposure of methylmercury (MeHg) has become a public health concern because of its neurotoxic effect. Various neurological symptoms were detected in Minamata disease patients, who got intoxicated by MeHg, including paresthesia, ataxia, gait disturbance, sensory disturbances, tremors, visual, and hearing impairments, indicating that MeHg could pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cause impairment of neurons and other brain cells. Previous studies have reported some expected mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity including the neuroinflammation pathway. It was characterized by the up-regulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Therefore, the use of anti-inflammatories such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) may act as a preventive compound to protect the brain from MeHg harmful effects. This mini-review will explain detailed information on MeHg-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation as well as possible preventive strategies using anti-inflammation NAC to protect brain cells, particularly in in vivo and in vitro studies.
The biological and diagnostic roles of MicroRNAs in meningiomas
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Shengpan , Liu Yan , Zhang Hongqi , Ren Nianjun , Ma Ruoyu , He Zhengwen
Published: July 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Emerging studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, roles and mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of meningioma are not fully understood. Here, we first reviewed existing research of aberrantly expressed miRNAs identified by high throughput microarray profiling in meningioma. We also explored the potential of miRNA as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms of meningiomas. In addition, we summarized recent researches that focused on the possible mechanisms involved in miRNA-mediate meningioma occurrence and progression. This review provides an overview of miRNA deregulation in meningioma and indicates the potential of miRNAs to be used as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets.
Polymorphs of VO(PO3)2: synthesis and crystal structure refinement revisited
Authors: Umlauf Sven , Weber Markus , Glaum Robert
Published: July 2020

The monoclinic α-polymorph of (VIVO)(PO3)2 is obtained reproducibly by reaction of V2O5 and H3PO4 (85%) (Au crucible, 380 °C, 4 d). Its crystal structure was refined from X-ray single-crystal data [C2/c, Z = 4, a = 15.1038(7) Å, b = 4.193(2) Å, c = 9.573(9) Å, β = 126.45(3), R

1
 = 0.052, wR

2
 = 0.189 for 976 unique reflections with F

o
 > 4σ(F

o
), 48 variables]. A single-phase powder of the β-polymorph is obtained by the reaction of V2O5, H3PO4 (85%) and oxalic acid, evaporating the mixture, and subsequent annealing (porcelain crucible, 800 °C in air, 2 d). Single crystals of β-(VIVO)(PO3)2 were grown in a sealed silica ampoule with chlorine as mineralizer. The crystal structure of the orthorhombic (pseudo-tetragonal) β-polymorph was refined from X-ray single-crystal data [pseudo-merohedral twin, Fdd2, Z = 8, a = 15.536(2) Å, b = 15.586(2) Å, c = 4.2611(5) Å, R

1
 = 0.032, wR

2

 = 0.068 for 1072 unique reflections with F

o
 > 4σ(F

o
), 50 variables]. Earlier reports on a tetragonal polymorph with unusual geometric structure of the [(V≡O)O5] polyhedron are corrected.
Site-preferential copper substitution for silicon leads to Cu-chains in the new ternary silicide Ir4−x
CuSi2
Authors: Scheifers Jan P. , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: July 2020

The binary Ru4Si3 remained the only compound in its structure type for more than 60 years. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of the first ternary silicide (Ir4−x
CuSi2) in the Ru4Si3-type structure, which can be derived from RuSi by unit cell twinning. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Ir vacancies exist along the twin boundary. Ir4−x
CuSi2 exhibits a distorted structure compared to Ru4Si3, as the larger Cu selectively replaces Si on only one of three possible sites, leading to zigzag chains with short Cu–Cu distances. Furthermore, DFT calculations show that the rigid band approximation does not apply to this structure type, but the similarities of electronic structures of the ideal binary and ternary compositions suggest that this structure type can accommodate a large variety of elemental substitutions without a significant change of its electronic structure if a similar valence electron count is maintained, hinting at a potentially rich substitutional chemistry.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, C. Vinyloge Guanidiniumsalz-basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten sowie phenyloge Guanidiniumsalze und Orthoamide
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Malik Heinz , Kreß Ralf
Published: July 2020

Cyclopropylacetylene and N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-hexamethylguanidinium chloride (1a) react to give the orthoamide derivative 8c, in the presence of sodium hydride. 8c is transformed by elemental iodine to the vinylogous guanidinium salt 6f. Anion metathesis with the salts 5a, 5e, 6g delivers vinylogous guanidinium salts 5e–5i, 12a with counter ions derived from carbon acids (tricyanomethane, 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-propene). Phenylogous amidinium salts 15 guanidinium salts 19, 21 and the phenylogous orthoamide derivatives of formic acid 18 and carbonic acid 33 have been prepared.
Modelle öffentlicher Arbeitsvermittlung: Vermittlungsstrategien und deren Organisation
Authors: Aurich-Beerheide Patrizia , Brussig Martin
Published: July 2020

Die Arbeitsvermittlung gehört zu den Kernaufgaben der öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung, und ihre Gestaltung ist eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Beide Seiten des Arbeitsmarktes, also Arbeitsangebot und Arbeitsnachfrage, müssen von der Arbeitsvermittlung zusammengeführt werden, wobei dies auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise geschehen kann. Die bisherige Forschung zu Arbeitsvermittlung ist meist von aktuellen sozialpolitischen Veränderungen geprägt und fokussiert deshalb oft eher Einzelaspekte von Arbeitsvermittlung (z. B. Fallmanagement, Arbeitgeberservice o. ä.). Im Gegensatz hierzu schlägt der vorliegende Beitrag vor, Grundprobleme einer öffentlichen Arbeitsvermittlung auf einem freien Arbeitsmarkt zu ermitteln und davon ausgehend heuristische Modelle von Arbeitsvermittlung zu unterscheiden. Es werden sechs Modelle öffentlicher Arbeitsvermittlung entwickelt, die auf unterschiedlichen Annahmen über das Zustandekommen neuer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse beruhen und unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für die Organisation des Vermittlungsprozesses in der öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung nahelegen.
PEEK Polimerinin Dişhekimliğinde Kullanımı
Authors: SEFERLİ Ziya , SARIDAĞ Serkan
Published: July 2020

ÖZ: Polietereterketon (PEEK) polimeri
yarı kristalin termoplastik polimer sınıfının öne çıkan polimerlerinden
biridir. PEEK materyali kimyasal ve fiziksel dayanıklılık, biouyumluluk ve insan kemiğine yakın elastik modülüs (4
GPa) gibi uygun mekanik özelliklerden dolayı dişhekimliğinde yaygın bir şekilde
kullanılmaktadır. Dişhekimliğinde sabit ve hareketli protezlerde alt yapı
malzemesi, geçici abutmentler, iyileşme başlıkları ve diş implantları gibi pek
çok alanda kullanılır. PEEK, kompozit, seramik veya zirkonya'ya kıyasla
dişhekimliğinde oldukça yeni bir materyal olduğundan özelliklerini
özetlemek  önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı
dişhekimlğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan PEEK polimerinin karakterik
özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: PEEK (Polietereterketon),
PEEK implant, PEEK abutment, PEEK kron
Temporomandibular eklem iç düzensizliğinin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, iş durumu ve medeni durum ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: ERASLAN Ravza , KILIÇ Kerem
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı;
temporomandibular eklem iç düzensizliği olan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, medeni
durum, iş durumu ve eğitim durumu gibi demografik bilgilerinin incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya dahil edilen hastalar Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği
Fakültesi’ne temporomandibular eklemindeki problemden dolayı başvuran kişiler arasından
randomize olarak seçilmiştir. Hastalardan bilgilendirilmiş onam formu
alınmıştır. Çalışma toplamda 80 kişiyi kapsamaktadır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 13
– 61 yaşları arasındaki bireylerin yaş ortalamaları 26.90 ± 10.33’dür. Temporomandibular iç düzensizliği bulunan hastalar
cinsiyet dağılımını açısından incelendiğinde, kadınlarda hastalığın erkeklere
oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde fazla görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001).
Eğitim durumu ilişkisi incelendiğinde, üniversite mezunu olan bireylerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde daha fazla hastalığa
yakalandığı saptanmıştır (p<0.001).
Temporomandibular iç düzensizliğin herhangi bir işte çalışmayanlarda
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.001). Medeni durum ilişkisi incelendiğinde,
evli olmayan bireylerde hastalığın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda fazla
görüldüğü bulunmuştur (p<0.001).Sonuçlar: Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde temporomandibular eklem iç
düzensizliğinin kadınlarda erkeklere oranla 
(3.7/1) daha çok görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Yaş ortalamasının 26.90
± 10.33 olması, temporomandibular
eklem iç düzensizliğinin gençlerde daha sık görüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu
çalışmada evli olmayan, üniversite mezunu ve herhangi bir işte çalışmayan
bireylerin hastalığa yakalanma oranı daha fazla bulunmuştur.
Estimation of the trabecular structure of alveolar bone before implant planning in orthodontic treated patients by using fractal analysis method
Authors: USTAOĞLU Gülbahar , GÖLLER BULUT Duygu , KURŞUN ÇAKMAK Emine Şebnem , SARIOĞLU Burak , ANKARALI Handan
Published: July 2020

Background:The aim of this study was to assess the trabecular bone pattern changes of orthodontically treated patients before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) the treatment by using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in order to guide implant applications. Methods:Totally 32 orthodontic patients who had one missing tooth were included in the study. Patients were treated to align the teeth and to create a dimensionally appropriate space for implant placement. Panoramic radiographs were taken with standard protocols at the time periods of before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) treatment. FD analysis was performed using Image J 1.3 software with the box-counting method. Results:The highest FD value measured before treatment (T0=1.47±0.14). Mean FD values of T2 was found statistically significantly higher (1.32±0.14) than T1 (1.19±0.15) (p<0.001). Conclusions:It is suggested not to plan implant surgery immediately after the end of orthodontic treatment because trabecular bone gains more complex nature over time. FD analysis is a simple and cost-effective tool for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs.
KÖK UCU AÇIK DİŞLERDE SONLU ELEMANLAR ANALİZİ KULLANILARAK FARKLI YÖNLERDEN GELEN TRAVMALARIN OLUŞTURDUĞU STRESLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BİLGİN Selin , KAHVECİOĞLU Firdevs
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Açık apeksli bir dişin farklı materyallerle yapılan endodontik tedavisi sonrasında oluşabilecek ikincil bir travmanın dişin hangi bölgesinde ve ne kadar yoğunlukta stres oluşturacağını sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanarak belirlemektir. Aynı zamanda meydana gelen stres yoğunluklarının kullanılan kök kanal dolum materyaline göre değişip değişmeyeceği ve ideal kök kanal dolum materyalinin dişi travmaya karşı daha dayanıklı hale getirebileceği konusunda fikir sahibi olmaktır.
Gereç Ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda kök ucu açık santral dişin 3 boyutlu doku modeli oluşturularak 4 farklı diş grubu oluşturuldu. Grup 1; Sağlıklı diş modeli, grup 2; MTA ile kanal dolumu yapılmış diş modeli, grup 3; Biodentin ile kanal dolumu yapılmış diş modeli, grup 4; Güta-perka ile kanal dolumu yapılmış diş modeli olarak simüle edildi. Sonlu elemanlar analizi kullanılarak, gruplara 100 N, 500 N ve 800 N’luk kuvvetler horizontal, oblik ve vertikal yönlerde uygulandı. Uygulanan kuvvetler sonucunda diş dokularında meydana gelen von Mises stres ve deformasyon miktarları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Vertikal kuvvetler karşısında en dayanıklı dişin, MTA uygulanmış diş olduğu bulundu. Dişte oluşan stres miktarları değerlendirildiğinde, MTA’nın kullanılan diğer materyallere göre dişi travmatik kuvvetlere karşı daha dayanıklı hale getirdiği görüldü. Horizontal ve oblik kuvvetlerde Biodentin’in dişi fraktür riskine karşı yeterince güçlendirmediği görülürken, vertikal kuvvetlerde iyi sonuçlar göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Horizontal ve oblik kuvvetler uygulandığında ortaya çıkan sonuç, fraktüre en dayanıklı grubun sağlıklı diş grubu olduğudur.
Efectos de la estructura productiva en el crecimiento económico de las ciudades de la región centro de México durante el periodo 1998-2013
Authors: Gómez Castellanos Josue
Published: July 2020

Próximamente
A Meta-Analysis of Wolbachia Transcriptomics Reveals a Stage-Specific Wolbachia Transcriptional Response Shared Across Different Hosts
Authors: Chung Matthew , Basting Preston J , Patkus Rayanna S , Grote Alexandra , Luck Ashley N , Ghedin Elodie , Slatko Barton E , Michalski Michelle , Foster Jeremy M , Bergman Casey M , Hotopp Julie C Dunning
Published: July 2020

Wolbachia is a genus containing obligate, intracellular endosymbionts with arthropod and nematode hosts. Numerous studies have identified differentially expressed transcripts in Wolbachia endosymbionts that potentially inform the biological interplay between these endosymbionts and their hosts, albeit with discordant results. Here, we re-analyze previously published Wolbachia RNA-Seq transcriptomics data sets using a single workflow consisting of the most up-to-date algorithms and techniques, with the aim of identifying trends or patterns in the pan-Wolbachia transcriptional response. We find that data from one of the early studies in filarial nematodes did not allow for robust conclusions about Wolbachia differential expression with these methods, suggesting the original interpretations should be reconsidered. Across datasets analyzed with this unified workflow, there is a general lack of global gene regulation with the exception of a weak transcriptional response resulting in the upregulation of ribosomal proteins in early larval stages. This weak response is observed across diverse Wolbachia strains from both nematode and insect hosts suggesting a potential pan-Wolbachia transcriptional response during host development that diverged more than 700 million years ago.
Time series interpolation and application of its methods in financial analysis
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Valkauskas Romualdas , Bachtijeva Diana
Published: July 2020

In the modern market economy conditions, financial information is very significant when evaluating the results of enterprises’ financial status and activity results. General economic, mathematical, heuristic methods are used for this type of analysis. The article analyses application opportunities for one of the mathematical research methods–time series–as well as its research instruments, discusses the place and role of interpolation methods in a financial analysis. The article reveals that interpolation methods which may be used to determined former values of an enterprise’s financial indicators or identify reasons which determined the enterprise’s financial status and activity results are the following: 1) graphic and arithmetic interpolation in a linear equation; 2) geometric interpolation based on the compound percentage formula and 3) interpolation by averaging.
Morphine in the Setting of Acute Heart Failure: Do the Risks Outweigh the Benefits?
Authors: Caspi Oren , Aronson Doron
Published: July 2020

The use of opioids in acute pulmonary oedema is considered standard therapy by many physicians. The immediate relieving effect of morphine on the key symptomatic discomfort associated with acute heart failure, dyspnoea, facilitated the categorisation of morphine as a beneficial treatment in this setting. During the last decade, several retrospective studies raised concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of morphine in the setting of acute heart failure. In this article, the physiological effects of morphine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are summarised, as well as the potential clinical benefits and risks associated with morphine therapy. Finally, the reported clinical outcomes and adverse event profiles from recent observational studies are discussed, as well as future perspectives and potential alternatives to morphine in the setting of acute heart failure.
Wpływ wirtualnej rzeczywistości na poziom dystrakcji od bodźców bólowych
Authors: Szarpak Jakub , Bidzińska Justyna
Published: July 2020

Cel badań  Badanie skuteczności rodzaju dystrakcji od bodźców bólowych polegającej na wykorzystaniu wirtualnej rzeczywistości.

Materiały i metody. 16 studentów w wieku 20-32 lat wprowadzanych było za pomocą gogli wirtualnej rzeczywistości w warunek dystrakcji pobudzającej - jazda rollercoasterem, relaksującej- spacer przez las, oraz w warunek kontrolny – wyświetlane było czarne tło. Ból wywoływany był poprzez zanurzenie ręki w zimnej wodzie. Skuteczność dystrakcji  mierzona była za pomocą deklarowanego poziomu odczuwanego bólu, zaznaczonego na skali VAS, oraz czasu, przez który badany wytrzymywał działanie bodźca bólowego. Na koniec wyniki porównano z testem temperamentu PTS.

Rezultaty. Badani istotnie dłużej znosili działanie bodźca bólowego w warunkach dystrakcji, niż w warunku kontrolnym; lecz nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy pomiędzy warunkiem pobudzającym, a warunkiem relaksującym. Żaden z warunków eksperymentu nie miał wpływu na deklarowany poziom odczuwanego bólu. Kobiety istotnie dłużej znosiły działanie bodźca bólowego w warunku pobudzającym i relaksującym, oraz deklarowały istotnie niższe odczucie bólu w warunku pobudzającym. Wykryto również dodatnią korelację wyników uzyskanych w skali Siły Procesu Hamowania kwestionariusza PTS z czasem wytrzymywania bodźca bólowego we wszystkich trzech warunkach eksperymentu.

Wyniki. Udowodniono, że występowanie dystrakcji ma wpływ na zwiększenie czasu znoszenia działania bodźca bólowego przez badanych, jednak nie stwierdzono różnic w skuteczności dystrakcji pomiędzy warunkiem pobudzającym, oraz relaksującym.
Skuteczność komunikatów perswazyjnych odwołujących się do bycia „dobrą matką”, skierowanych do matek dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Chochorowska Justyna , Pius Maria , Szymańska Natalia , Sielicka Weronika
Published: July 2020

Cel badań. Celem badań było empiryczne sprawdzenie hipotezy, iż skierowany do matek komunikat perswazyjny, który wywołuje presję bycia dobrą matką, jest bardziej skuteczny niż taki komunikat, który nie wywołuje presji bycia dobrą matką.

Metody badań. W badaniu wzięły udział N=64 matki dzieci przedszkolnych, w wieku od 21 do 47 lat, posiadających od 1 do 4 dzieci, w wieku od 5 miesięcy do 20 lat. Badanie przeprowadzono w modelu eksperymentalnym. Dane zebrano za pomocą ankiety ewaluacyjnej dotyczącej materiału bodźcowego oraz wywiadu z osobami badanymi na temat treści komunikatów perswazyjnych.

Wyniki badań. Uzyskane dane wykazały, że materiał bodźcowy, który zawierał komunikat odwołujący się do bycia dobrą matką, okazał się średnio bardziej skuteczny, niż nieodwołujący się do bycia dobrą matką. Wyniki analizy testem U Manna-Whitney’a wykazały jednak, że różnice między grupami nie są istotne statystycznie, w związku z czym podjęto się analizy jakościowej wypowiedzi osób badanych na temat treści komunikatów. Analiza statystyczna danych jakościowych przy użyciu testu chi-kwadrat nie wykazała istotności statystycznej.

Wnioski. Wyniki nie potwierdzają przyjętej hipotezy. Komunikat perswazyjny, odwołujący się do bycia dobrą matką, nie był bardziej skuteczny, niż komunikat nieodwołujący się do bycia dobrą matką. Możliwymi wyjaśnieniami uzyskanego efektu są model dwutorowości perswazji (Petty, Cacioppo, 1990) oraz wpływ emocji na skuteczność komunikatu perswazyjnego (Leventhal, 1970). Chociaż wyniki uzyskane w eksperymencie nie potwierdziły przyjętej hipotezy, mimo wszystko sugerują, że warto kontynuować badania w tym zakresie, nie posługując się jedynie kwestionariuszem i wywiadem ustrukturyzowanym, ale mierząc rzeczywiste zachowania osób badanych.
BEZPIECZEŃSTWO W RUCHU DROGOWYM – PIESI JAKO NIECHRONIENI UCZESTNICY RUCHU DROGOWEGO
Authors: Raczyński Maciej
Published: July 2020

Cel badań. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było wykazanie obszarów ochrony pieszych pod względem prawnym i technicznym oraz tego, jaki wpływ ma zachowanie pieszych na bezpieczeństwo w ruchu drogowym. W tekście zostały omówione następujące zagadnienia: piesi, jako niechronieni uczestnicy ruchu drogowego; trzy ważne zasady chroniące życie pieszych; zagrożenia dla pieszych i przez pieszych.

Metodologia. Główną metodą badawczą wykorzystaną do omówienia zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa pieszych w ruchu drogowym jest analiza źródeł prawnych oraz programów telewizyjnych, artykułów oraz dostępnej literatury naukowej.

Wyniki badań. Rozwiązania prawne w zakresie bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego obejmujące ochronę pieszych obowiązujące w Polsce należy uznać za wystarczające. Znaczącym problemem jest jednak wciąż nieodpowiednia infrastruktura pieszo-drogowa, która w znaczący sposób mogłaby zmniejszyć ruch pojazdów a uwolnić ruch dla pieszych zwiększając poziom bezpieczeństwa w szczególności w miastach. W konsekwencji zwiększony udział transportu zbiorowego ogranicza ruch innych pojazdów. W artykule wykazano, że lekceważenie przepisów prawa o ruchu drogowym i brak świadomości sytuacyjnej przez pieszych i kierowców pojazdów jest zagadnieniem trudnym do zwalczenia. Bez systemu edukacji i dostosowania treści do poziomu odbiorców nie możemy mówić o długofalowym zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa pieszym.

Wnioski. Bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego to nie tylko statystyka i przeciwdziałanie wypadkom. Jest to złożony problem, w którym dziedziny nauki takie jak psychologia, socjologia, biologia, prawo oraz techniczne dyscypliny naukowe powinny ze sobą współpracować. W literaturze naukowej, jaki i opracowaniach instytucjonalnych zajmujących się bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego, brakuje zajęcia stanowczego stanowiska przez badaczy oraz praktyków zajmujących się tematyka poprawy bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym.
Kommerell diverticulum – egy ritka betegség ritka szövődményei
Authors: Dzsinich Csaba , Darabos Gábor , Székely László , Barta László , Vallus Gábor , Tóth Tamás , Szentpétery László
Published: July 2020

Absztrakt:

Az aortaív fejlődési rendellenességei az újszülöttek 1-2%-ában fordulnak elő. E
betegcsoportban a bal oldali aortaívből eredő jobb arteria subclavia
incidenciája 0,7–2%, míg a jobb oldali aortaívből eredő bal arteria subclavia
0,4%-ra tehető. A rendellenes eredésű arteria subclavia – arteria lusoria –
okozta panaszok vagy az oesophagus, vagy a trachea compressiójából, vagy azok
kombinációjából származnak. Ritka szövődményként a Kommerell diverticulum B
típusú aortadissectióval vagy törmelékes bennékének elsodródásával felső végtagi
embolisatiót okozhat. Dolgozatunkban 5 eset ismertetését adjuk közre. Egy beteg
felső végtagi embolisatióval, 2 beteg akut B típusú aortadissectióval került
észlelésre. Egy beteget krónikus I. típusú thoracoabdominalis aneurysma miatt
operáltunk, akinél B típusú aortadissectio állumenének thrombotizált
aneurysmáját találtuk, ami Kommerell diverticulum thrombosissal társult. Egy
betegünkben jobb oldali aortaívből eredő bal arteria lusoriát transponáltunk a
carotis communisba. Évekkel később a centralis csonk növekedő aneurysmája miatt
kellett beavatkoznunk. Sternotomiából végzett debranching után thoracalis
stentgraft-implantatiót végeztünk.