bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitable fertilization can improve maize growth and nutrient utilization in ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting cropland in semiarid area
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Liu Gaoxiang , Cui Nan , Liu Enke , Zhang Yan , Liu Donghua , Ren Xiaolong , Jia Zhikuan , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2023

The ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system (RFRH) improved the water shortages, and reasonable fertilization can promote nutrient uptake and utilization of crops, leading to better yield in semi-arid regions. This holds significant practical significance for improving fertilization strategies and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers in semi-arid areas. This field study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization rates on maize growth, fertilizer use efficiency, and grain yield under the ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system during 2013-2016 in semiarid region of China. Therefore, a four-year localization field experiment was conducted with four fertilizer treatments: RN (N 0 kg hm-2, P2O5 0 kg hm-2), RL (N 150 kg hm-2, P2O5 75 kg hm-2), RM (N 300 kg hm-2, P2O5 150 kg hm-2), and RH (N 450 kg hm-2, P2O5 225 kg hm-2). The results showed that the total dry matter accumulation of maize increased with the fertilizer application rate. The nitrogen accumulation was highest under the RM treatment after harvest, average increase by 1.41% and 22.02% (P<0.05) compared to the RH and RL, respectively, whereas the phosphorus accumulation was increased with the fertilizer application rate. The nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency both decreased gradually with the fertilization rate increased, where the maximum efficiency was observed under the RL. With the increase of fertilizer application rate, the maize grain yield initially increased and then decreased. Under linear fitting, the grain yield, biomass yield, hundred-kernel weight, and ear-grain number all showed a parabolic trend with the increase of fertilization rate. Based on comprehensive consideration, the recommended moderate fertilization rate (N 300 kg hm-2, P2O5 150 kg hm-2) is suitable for the ridge furrow rainfall harvesting system in semiarid region, and the fertilization rate can be appropriately reduced according to the rainfall.
Trauma-Informed Care on mental health wards: the impact of Power Threat Meaning Framework Team Formulation and Psychological Stabilisation on self-harm and restrictive interventions
Authors: Nikopaschos Faye , Burrell Gail , Clark Jordan , Salgueiro Ana
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aim of this evaluation was to assess the impact of introducing a model of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), comprising weekly Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) Team Formulation and weekly Psychological Stabilisation staff training, to a National Health Service (NHS) adult acute inpatient mental health unit over a four-year period.

Method

A retrospective service evaluation design was employed to assess for differences in the number of incidents of self-harm, seclusion and restraint in the four-year period following the introduction of TIC, when compared to the year prior.

Results

Significant reductions were demonstrated in the monthly number of incidents of self-harm (p < 0.01; r = 0.42), seclusion (p < 0.05; r = 0.30) and restraint (p < 0.05; d = 0.55) following the introduction of TIC.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that PTMF Team Formulation and Psychological Stabilisation training can contribute to significant reductions in self-harm and restrictive interventions (seclusion and restraint) on adult mental health wards. Qualitative interviews with staff and service users from the unit will support a better understanding of the mechanisms of this change. Further research, employing a randomised control trial design, could increase the validity and generalisability of findings. However, the ethical implications of withholding potentially beneficial practices from a control group would need to be considered.
Knowledge, practices and influencing factors defining unhealthy food behavior among adolescents in India: a scoping review
Authors: Jena Susangita , Parida Jayashree , Panda Arpita , Behera Swati Sukalyani , Pradhan Abinash , Patra Prasanna Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Kaur Harpreet , Acharya Subhendu Kumar
Published: June 2023

Unhealthy food behaviors are the major contributing factors to the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in India. Knowledge and practices related to unhealthy eating are significant factors influencing adolescents’ food behavior. In this scoping review, we aim to map evidence and identify gaps on knowledge, practices, and the influencing factors associated with unhealthy food behavior among Indian adolescents by examining the existing literature. Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ manual were used for this review. After the screening, 33 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed according to the study objectives, followed by narrative summarization. The studies included a total of 20,566 adolescents. Most studies reported insufficient knowledge about healthy food choices among adolescents. Diet intake patterns among the adolescents showed a lower amount of fruits and vegetables and an increase in fried items, sugar-sweetened beverages, packaged food, and fast food in both sexes, with a broader association with peer influence (21.2%), parental unhealthy food behavior (15.1%), place of residence (6.06%), emotional status (6.06%), and mass media exposure (18.1%). The scoping review highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of Indian adolescents by promoting healthy food choices and sensitizing them about the risk of non-communicable diseases. The analysis of evidence around adolescent dietary behavior in India shows a monotonous, limited, and narrow range in scope, indicating the extended need for research.
Psychological and functional outcomes following a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. service members
Authors: Walter Kristen H. , Otis Nicholas P. , Miggantz Erin L. , Ray Travis N. , Glassman Lisa H. , Beltran Jessica L. , Kobayashi Elliott Kim T. , Michalewicz-Kragh Betty
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Exercise-based interventions have established benefits for the treatment of depression and other psychological outcomes; however, limited data exist evaluating psychological, social, and functional outcomes for exercise outdoors.

Methods

The current study sought to expand knowledge about the breadth of effects following outdoor exercise interventions by using data from a randomized control trial comparing Surf and Hike Therapy among 96 U.S. active duty service members with major depressive disorder (MDD). Assessments examining psychological symptoms and functioning were completed before and after the 6-week programs, and 3 months following program completion. Participants also completed assessments before and after each exercise session. Multilevel modeling was used to determine whether psychological and functional outcomes (anxiety, positive and negative affect, resilience, pain, and physical and social functioning) improved for service members receiving Surf or Hike Therapy, and whether improvements differed by intervention.

Results

Study findings showed improved anxiety (p < 0.001), negative affect (p < 0.001), psychological resilience (p = 0.013), and social functioning (p < 0.001) following program participation, with no differences by intervention. Positive affect, pain, and physical functioning did not significantly improve after the program. Within sessions, positive affect (p < 0.001) and pain (p = 0.036) changed, and to a greater extent for those in the Surf Therapy condition.

Conclusion

Study results suggest that both Surf Therapy and Hike Therapy can improve psychological symptoms and social functioning impairments that commonly co-occur among service members with MDD, but Surf Therapy may provide enhanced immediate effects on positive affect and pain.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03302611.
The association between ambient temperature and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: a difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Zeng Yingchao , Li Weibin , Zhao Manzhi , Li Jia , Liu Xu , Shi Lin , Yang Xinyi , Xia Haohai , Yang Shifang , Yang Lianping
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) poses a significant global public health threat and is responsible for a high prevalence of infections and mortality. However, knowledge about how ambient temperature influences the AMR of K. pneumoniae is limited in the context of global warming.

Methods

AMR data of 31 Chinese provinces was collected from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) between 2014 and 2020. Socioeconomic and meteorological data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbook during the same period. A modified difference-in-differences (DID) approach was applied to estimate the association between ambient temperature and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae (3GCRKP) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP). Furthermore, moderating effects of socioeconomic factors were also evaluated.

Results

Every 1°C increase in annual average temperature was associated with a 4.7% (relative risk (RR):1.047, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.031–1.082) increase in the detection rate of 3GCRKP, and a 10.7% (RR:1.107, 95% CI: 1.011–1.211) increase in the detection rate of CRKP. The relationships between ambient temperature and 3GCRKP and CRKP were found to be moderated by socioeconomic status (GDP per capita, income per capita, and consumption per capita; the interaction p-values <0.05), where higher economic status was found to strengthen the effects of temperature on the detection rate of 3GCRKP and weaken the effects on the detection rate of CRKP.

Discussion

Ambient temperature was found to be positively associated with AMR of K. pneumoniae, and this association was moderated by socioeconomic status. Policymakers should consider the impact of global warming and high temperatures on the spread of 3GCRKP and CRKP when developing strategies for the containment of AMR.
Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for the treatment of pain and disability on knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Shuaipan , Huang Ruixin , Guo Guangxin , Kong Lingjun , Li Jianhua , Zhu Qingguang , Fang Min
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Exercises (TCEs) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

Four databases without language or publication status restrictions were searched until April 1, 2022. Based on the principle of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study design, the researchers searched for randomized controlled trials of TCEs in treating KOA. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) pain was defined as the primary outcome, whereas stiffness and physical function were the secondary outcomes. Subsequently, two researchers conducted the process independently, and the data were analyzed using the RevManV.5.3 software.

Results

Overall, 17 randomized trials involving 1174 participants met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized data of TCEs showed a significant improvement in WOMAC pain score [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.52 to −0.10; p = 0.004], stiffness score (SMD = −0.63; 95% CI: −1.01 to −0.25; p = 0.001) and physical function score (SMD = −0.38; 95% CI: −0.61 to −0.15; p = 0.001) compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the combined results' stability, which was unstable after excluding articles with greater heterogeneity. A further subgroup analysis showed that it might be the reason for the heterogeneity of the different traditional exercise intervention methods. Additionally, it showed that the Taijiquan group improved pain (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI: −1.09 to 0.38; p < 0.0001; I2 = 50%), stiffness (SMD = −0.67; 95% CI −1.14 to 0.20; p = 0.005) and physical function score (SMD = −0.35; 95% CI: −0.54 to 0.16; p = 0.0003; I2 = 0%) better than the control group. The Baduanjin group improved stiffness (SMD = −1.30; 95% CI: −2.32 to 0.28; p = 0.01) and physical function (SMD = −0.52; 95% CI: −0.97 to 0.07; p = 0.02) better than the control group. However, the other interventions showed no difference compared with the control group.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides partial evidence of the benefits of TCEs for knee pain and dysfunction. However, due to the heterogeneity of exercise, more high-quality clinical studies should be conducted to verify the efficacy.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-4-0154/, identifier: International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) [INPLSY202240154].
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) into Danish
Authors: Thygesen Katrine Baltzer , Korshøj Mette , Verpe Ida Skovgaard , Vestergaard Lise , Escorpizo Reuben , Mortensen Ole Steen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the work rehabilitation questionnaire (WORQ) into Danish to examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Danish WORQ and, second, to test the feasibility of WORQ in the Danish context of vocational rehabilitation.

Methods

The translation was performed in a dual-panel approach. The panel consisted of a bilingual physician, a university student in psychology, a layperson, a specialist in social work and rehabilitation, and a professor in social medicine. The international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) codes were cross-evaluated to secure that there was a high level of agreement of ICF codes for each specific WORQ item in the Danish and English version. The content validity was evaluated by the clinical physicians at an outpatient clinic in social medicine and by the case managers at a municipality job center. Data for the examination of the internal consistency and test-retest reliability were collected at the Holbæk municipality from citizens in the working age. The test-retest took place 14 days apart. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested conducting Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation, and Spearman’s correlation analyses.

Results

The panel experienced only minor challenges in the translation process, leading to minor modifications. The cross-evaluation of coding in the Danish WORQ compared with the initial English version only found small deviations, while the remaining coding agreed between the initial English and the Danish items. The panel argued to add sub-codes to culturally adapt to the transportation forms generally used in Denmark. The general perception among the participating patients and citizens at the job center as well as the clinical physicians and case managers was that the WORQ was easy, understandable, and meaningful.

Conclusions

This study showed that the Danish WORQ have a high content validity and usability. Nonetheless, the Danish WORQ needs to be validated against well-acknowledged tools for assessing functional ability specific to work and in general.
Liquid biopsy for non-invasive monitoring of patients with kidney transplants
Authors: Nassar Anthony , Cashman Katharine , Rao Shreya , Dagher Maribel , O’Brien Connor , Afif John , Cravedi Paolo , Azzi Jamil R.
Published: June 2023

The current tools for diagnosing and monitoring native kidney diseases as well as allograft rejection in transplant patients are suboptimal. Creatinine and proteinuria are non-specific and poorly sensitive markers of injury. Tissue biopsies are invasive and carry potential complications. In this article, we overview the different techniques of liquid biopsy and discuss their potential to improve patients’ kidney health. Several diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers have been identified with the ability to detect and monitor the activity of native kidney diseases as well as early and chronic allograft rejection, such as donor-derived cell-free DNA, exosomes, messenger RNA/microsomal RNA, proteomics, and so on. While the results are encouraging, additional research is still needed as no biomarker appears to be perfect for a routine application in clinical practice. Despite promising advancements in biomarkers, the most important issue is the lack of standardized pre-analytical criteria. Large validation studies and uniformed standard operating procedures are required to move the findings from bench to bedside. Establishing consortia such as the Liquid Biopsy Consortium for Kidney Diseases can help expedite the research process, allow large studies to establish standardized procedures, and improve the management and outcomes of kidney diseases and of kidney transplant recipients.
Gender representation in animal-related proverbs: Algerian vs. Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Madani Zoubida , Abusalim Nimer , Rayyan Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This study explores the connotative meanings in animal-related proverbs used to describe the behavior of men and women in Algerian and Jordanian societies.

Methods

A questionnaire with 46 Algerian and 45 Jordanian animal-related proverbs was distributed to 30 native Arabic speakers enrolled at the University of Jordan. The analysis focused on adapted categories with a gender perspective, including inferiority, weakness, stupidity, ill-nature, objectification, ugliness, positivity, and shrewdness.

Results

Both Algerian and Jordanian animal-related proverbs exhibited diverse connotative meanings. Women were predominantly associated with derogatory connotations in both languages, portraying characteristics such as weakness, stupidity, inferiority, cunningness, and trickery. Similar characteristics were present in descriptions of men, but women in Arab cultures were consistently depicted as subordinate and denigrated. Conversely, men were portrayed with authority, control, superiority, and strength over women. Additionally, positive depictions included animals like gazelles, peacocks, partridges, cats, and horses to symbolize the beauty of women. Men's positive characteristics, such as strength, courage, and superiority, were associated with horses, camels, and lions.

Discussion

This study highlights the prevalent connotations in animal-related proverbs used to describe men and women in Algerian and Jordanian societies. It reveals derogatory portrayals of women, reinforcing their subordinate status, while men are depicted with authority and power. However, positive representations emerged, attributing beauty to women and highlighting admirable qualities in men. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics of gender portrayal within cultural proverbs, emphasizing the need for further examination of these linguistic expressions.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an alternative treatment in canine mast cell tumor
Authors: Coelho Yasmin Nascimento Bernardes , Soldi Luiz Ricardo , Silva Paulo Henrique Rosa da , Mesquita Caio Melo , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Santos Thaísa Reis dos , Silva Marcelo José Barbosa
Published: June 2023

The current gold standard treatment for canine mast cell tumors (MCT) uses vinblastine sulfate (VBL) as chemotherapy, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have recently been shown to be worthy candidates for treatment. This systematic review aimed to analyze the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and complete (CR) or partial response (PR) in dogs with MCT treated with TKI compared to standard VBL treatment. The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) database under the identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4 (https://osf.io/). An electronic search was performed in nine databases. References from eligible studies were also selected to find more registers. A total of 28 studies met the eligibility criteria, and one more was recovered from the references of eligible studies, totaling 29 selected studies. The overall response rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in dogs treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors than in dogs treated with vinblastine. The overall survival and progression-free survival of vinblastine-treated dogs were higher compared to tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated dogs. Dogs with mutated KIT treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors have longer overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those treated with vinblastine. It is important to consider the limitation of the study which should temper the interpretation of the results, videlicet, the extracted data lacked sample standardization and included variables such as animal characteristics, mutation detection methods, tumor characteristics, and treatment types which may have influenced the outcome of the study.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYPN4.
Linear and multivalent PEGylation of the tobacco mosaic virus and the effects on its biological properties
Authors: Caballero Reca Marian , González-Gamboa Ivonne , Craig Stephen L. , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: June 2023

Plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) offer a bioinspired approach to the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. The chemical addressability, biocompatibility, and scalable manufacturability of VNPs make them a promising alternative to synthetic delivery platforms. However, VNPs, just like other proteinaceous or synthetic nanoparticles (NPs), are readily recognized and cleared by the immune system and mechanisms such as opsonization and phagocytosis. Shielding strategies, such as PEGylation, are commonly used to mitigate premature NP clearance. Here, we investigated polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which was used as a model nanocarrier system. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of linear and multivalent PEG coatings at varying chain lengths on serum protein adsorption, antibody recognition, and macrophage uptake. Linear and multivalent PEGs of molecular weights 2,000 and 5,000 Da were successfully grafted onto the TMV at ≈ 20%–60% conjugation efficiencies, and the degree of cross-linking as a function of PEG valency and length was determined. PEGylation resulted in the modulation of TMV–macrophage interactions and reduced corona formation as well as antibody recognition. Linear and multivalent PEG 5,000 formulations (but not PEG 2,000 formulations) reduced α-TMV antibody recognition, whereas shorter, multivalent PEG coatings significantly reduced α-PEG recognition—this highlights an interesting interplay between the NP and the PEG itself in potential antigenicity and should be an important consideration in PEGylation strategies. This work provides insight into the PEGylation of VNPs, which may improve the possibility of their implementation in clinical applications.
Genomic Assessment of Enterobacter mori AYS9: A Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Drought-Resistant Rhizobacteria
Authors: Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel , Ayangbenro Ayansina Segun , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: June 2023

Drought stress poses a serious danger to agricultural production. Recent studies have revealed that most of the chemical methods used in the mitigation of its effects on plant production pose a serious threat to humans and the environment. Therefore, the demand for ecologically friendly solutions to ensure the security of the world’s food supply has increased as a result. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment may be advantageous in this situation. Enterobacter mori is a promising rhizobacteria in this regard. However, information on the genome analysis of E. mori linked to the rhizosphere soil of the sorghum plant has not been extensively studied. In this study, we present a genomic lens into functional attributes of E. mori AYS9 isolated from sorghum plants, as well as assess its drought tolerance and plant growth-promoting potentials. Our results showed the drought tolerance and plant growth-promoting potentials of the AYS9. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) results revealed that the genome yielded 4,852,175 bp sequence reads, an average read length of 151 bp, 1,845,357 bp genome size, 67 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and a G + C content of 55.5%. The functional genes identified in the genome were linked to processes including phosphate solubilization, iron transport, hormone regulation, nitrogen fixation, and resistance to oxidative and osmotic stress. Also, secondary metabolites supporting bacterial biocontrol properties against phytopathogens, and abiotic stress such as aerobactin-type non-ribosomal peptide siderophore, Stewartan-type ladderane, and Colicin type NRPS were discovered in the AYS9 genome. Our findings however establish that the intricate metabolic pathways mediated by the projected new genes in the bacterial genome may offer a genetic foundation for future understanding of rhizosphere biology and the diverse roles that these genes play in plant development and health.
Exploring Staff Attitudes Towards Unspecified Kidney Donors in the United Kingdom: Results From the BOUnD Study
Authors: Zuchowski Mira , Mamode Nizam , Draper Heather , Gogalniceanu Peter , Norton Sam , Chilcot Joseph , Auburn Timothy , Clarke Alexis , Williams Lynsey , Burnapp Lisa , McCrone Paul , Maple Hannah
Published: June 2023

Unspecified kidney donation (UKD) has made substantial contributions to the UK living donor programme. Nevertheless, some transplant professionals are uncomfortable with these individuals undergoing surgery. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the attitudes of UK healthcare professionals towards UKD. An opportunistic sample was recruited through the Barriers and Outcomes in Unspecified Donation (BOUnD) study covering six UK transplant centres: three high volume and three low volume centres. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The study provided comprehensive coverage of the UK transplant community, involving 59 transplant professionals. We identified five themes: staff’s conception of the ethics of UKD; presence of the known recipient in the donor-recipient dyad; need for better management of patient expectations; managing visceral reactions about the “typical” unspecified kidney donor; complex attitudes toward a promising new practice. This is the first in-depth qualitative study of attitudes of transplant professionals towards UKD. The data uncovered findings with strong clinical implications for the UKD programme, including the need for a uniform approach towards younger candidates that is adhered to by all transplant centres, the need to equally extend the rigorous assessment to both specified and unspecified donors, and a new approach to managing donor expectations.
Experimental Research on Characteristics of Impulse Coupling and Plasma Plume Generated by Laser Irradiating Copper Target with Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Propulsion
Authors: Yu Chenghao , Ye Jifei , Chang Hao , Zhou Weijing , Han Xiao , Li Mingyu , Gao Heyan
Published: June 2023

The ejection of the plasma plume produced by laser ablation is an important process for inducing mechanical effects. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of the plasma plume are investigated in order to analyze the impulse coupling mechanism with two laser spot diameters, 300 μm and 1100 μm, respectively. The impulse generated by laser irradiating the copper target was measured by the torsion pendulum, and the plasma plume was investigated using fast photography and optical emission spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the optimal laser intensity is independent of the beam spot size. However, when the laser intensity is greater than 2.8 × 109 W/cm2, the impulse coupling coefficient with the small beam spot starts to gradually decrease, while that with the large beam spot tends to saturate. Additionally, the stream-like structure and the semi-ellipsoid structure of the plasma plume were observed, respectively. Furthermore, the electron number density was estimated using the Stark broadening method, and the effect of the plasma plume on the impulse coupling coefficient was discussed. The results provide a technical reference for several applications including orbital debris removal with lasers, laser thrusters, and laser despinning.
Developing a Slow-Release Permanganate Composite for Degrading Aquaculture Antibiotics
Authors: Sakulthaew Chainarong , Chokejaroenrat Chanat , Panya Sidaporn , Songsasen Apisit , Poomipuen Kitipong , Imman Saksit , Suriyachai Nopparat , Kreetachat Torpong , Comfort Steve
Published: June 2023

Copious use of antibiotics in aquaculture farming systems has resulted in surface water contamination in some countries. Our objective was to develop a slow-release oxidant that could be used in situ to reduce antibiotic concentrations in discharges from aquaculture lagoons. We accomplished this by generating a slow-release permanganate (SR-MnO4−) that was composed of a biodegradable wax and a phosphate-based dispersing agent. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and its synergistic antibiotics were used as representative surrogates. Kinetic experiments verified that the antibiotic-MnO4− reactions were first-order with respect to MnO4− and initial antibiotic concentration (second-order rates: 0.056–0.128 s−1 M−1). A series of batch experiments showed that solution pH, water matrices, and humic acids impacted SDM degradation efficiency. Degradation plateaus were observed in the presence of humic acids (>20 mgL−1), which caused greater MnO2 production. A mixture of KMnO4/beeswax/paraffin (SRB) at a ratio of 11.5:4:1 (w/w) was better for biodegradability and the continual release of MnO4−, but MnO2 formation altered release patterns. Adding tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) into the composite resulted in delaying MnO2 aggregation and increased SDM removal efficiency to 90% due to the increased oxidative sites on the MnO2 particle surface. The MnO4− release data fit the Siepmann–Peppas model over the long term (t < 48 d) while a Higuchi model provided a better fit for shorter timeframes (t < 8 d). Our flow-through discharge tank system using SRB with TKPP continually reduced the SDM concentration in both DI water and lagoon wastewater. These results support SRB with TKPP as an effective composite for treating antibiotic residues in aquaculture discharge water.
Almond (Prunus dulcis) Bagasse as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties: An In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Duarte Stevens , Puchades Almudena , Jiménez-Hernández Nuria , Betoret Ester , Gosalbes María José , Betoret Noelia
Published: June 2023

The presence of components of nutritional interest makes fresh almond bagasse an interesting by-product for obtaining functional ingredients. Stabilization through a dehydration process is an interesting option for its integral use, ensuring its conservation and management. Subsequently, it can be turned into powder, facilitating its use as an ingredient. The aim of this paper was to determine the effects of hot air drying at 60 and 70 °C and lyophilization on the release of phenolic components and antiradical capacity in in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation, as well as on growing microbiota composition by applying high throughput sequencing. The novelty of this study lies in this holistic approach; considering both technological and physiological aspects related to gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation will provide the best conditions for functional foods. The results obtained showed that lyophilization provides a powder with a total phenol content and antiradical capacity higher than hot air drying. Furthermore, in dehydrated samples, both in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation revealed a phenol content and anti-radical capacity superior to those existing in undigested products. In addition, after colonic fermentation, beneficial bacteria species have been identified. Obtaining powders from almond bagasse is presented as an interesting opportunity for the valorization of this by-product.
Effect of Hydration on Pulmonary Function and Development of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction among Professional Male Cyclists
Authors: Pigakis Konstantinos M. , Stavrou Vasileios T. , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Daniil Zoe , Kontopodi-Pigaki Aggeliki K. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos
Published: June 2023

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common problem in elite athletes. Classical pathways in the development of EIB include the osmotic and thermal theory as well as the presence of epithelial injury in the airway, with local water loss being the main trigger of EIB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic hydration on pulmonary function and to establish whether it can reverse dehydration-induced alterations in pulmonary function. Materials and Methods: This follow-up study was performed among professional cyclists, without a history of asthma and/or atopy. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded for all participants, and the training age was determined. In addition, pulmonary function tests and specific markers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured. All the athletes underwent body composition analysis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). After CPET, spirometry was followed at the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 30th min. This study was divided into two phases: before and after hydration. Cyclists, who experienced a decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) ≥ 10% and/or Maximal Mild-Expiratory Flow Rate (MEF25–75) ≥ 20% after CPET in relation to the results of the spirometry before CPET, repeated the test in 15-20 days, following instructions for hydration. Results: One hundred male cyclists (n = 100) participated in Phase A. After exercise, there was a decrease in all spirometric parameters (p < 0.001). In Phase B, after hydration, in all comparisons, the changes in spirometric values were significantly lower than those in Phase A (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that professional cyclists have non-beneficial effects on respiratory function. Additionally, we found that systemic hydration has a positive effect on spirometry in cyclists. Of particular interest are small airways, which appear to be affected independently or in combination with the decrease in FEV1. Our data suggest that pulmonary function improves systemic after hydration.
Lensing with Generalized Symmetrons
Authors: Käding Christian
Published: June 2023

Generalized symmetrons are models that have qualitatively similar features to the archetypal symmetron, but have barely been studied. In this article, we investigate for what parameter values the fifth forces induced by disformally coupling generalized symmetrons can provide an explanation for the difference between baryonic and lens masses of galaxies. While it is known that the standard symmetron struggles to provide an alternative source for the lensing otherwise attributed to particle dark matter, we show that some generalized symmetron models are more suitable for complying with existing constraints on disformal couplings. This motivates future studies of these only little-explored models.
Changing Characteristics of Tropical Extreme Precipitation–Cloud Regimes in Warmer Climates
Authors: Lau William K. M. , Kim Kyu-Myong , Harrop Bryce , Leung L. Ruby
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigated the changing characteristics of climatic scale (monthly) tropical extreme precipitation in warming climates using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The results are from Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations driven by (a) a control experiment with the present-day sea surface temperature (SST) and CO2 concentration, (b) P4K, the same as in (a) but with a uniform increase of 4K in the SST globally, and (c) the same as in (a), but with an imposed SST and CO2 concentration from the outputs of the coupled E3SM forced by a 4xCO2 concentration. We found that as the surface warmed under P4K and 4xCO2, both convective and stratiform rain increased. Importantly, there was an increasing fractional contribution of stratiform rain as a function of the precipitation intensity, with the most extreme but rare events occurring preferentially over land more than the ocean, and more so under 4xCO2 than P4K. Extreme precipitation was facilitated by increased precipitation efficiency, reflecting accelerated rates of recycling of precipitation cloud water (both liquid and ice phases) in regions with colder anvil cloud tops. Changes in the vertical profiles of clouds, condensation heating, and vertical motions indicate increasing precipitation–cloud–circulation organization from the control and P4K to 4xCO2. The results suggest that large-scale ocean warming, that is, P4K, was the primary cause contributing to an organization structure resembling the well-known mesoscale convective system (MCS), with increased extreme precipitation on shorter (hourly to daily) time scales. Additional 4xCO2 atmospheric radiative heating and dynamically consistent anomalous SST further amplified the MCS organization under P4K. Analyses of the surface moist static energy distribution show that increases in the surface moisture (temperature) under P4K and 4xCO2 was the key driver leading to enhanced convective instability over tropical ocean (land). However, a fast and large increase in the land surface temperature and lack of available local moisture resulted in a strong reduction in the land surface relative humidity, reflecting severe drying and enhanced convective inhibition (CIN). It is argued that very extreme and rare “record-breaking” precipitation events found over land under P4K, and more so under 4xCO2, are likely due to the delayed onset of deep convection, that is, the longer the suppression of deep convection by CIN, the more severe the extreme precipitation when it eventually occurs, due to the release of a large amount of stored surplus convective available potential energy in the lower troposphere during prolonged CIN.
The Impact of Peripheral Vision on Manual Reaction Time Using Fitlight Technology for Handball, Basketball and Volleyball Players
Authors: Badau Dana , Stoica Alina Mihaela , Litoi Marin Florin , Badau Adela , Duta Daniel , Hantau Cezar Gheorghe , Sabau Anca Maria , Oancea Bogdan Marian , Ciocan Catalin Vasile , Fleancu Julien Leonard , Gozu Bogdan
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the research was to identify the impact of peripheral (unilateral and bilateral) vision on manual reaction time to visual stimuli in handball, basketball and volleyball players by implementing a 6-week experimental program of specific exercises and some adapted tests using Fitlight technology. The research included 412 players (212 male—51.5%; 200 female—48.5%) from three team sports: basketball—146 (35.4%), handball—140 (40%) and volleyball—126 (30.6%). The experimental program carried out over 6 weeks was identical for all handball, basketball and volleyball players participating in the study; two training sessions per week were performed, with each session lasting 30 min; 15 exercises were used for the improvement of manual reaction time to visual stimuli involving peripheral vision. Through the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), we identified statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the samples of handball, basketball and volleyball players, as well as according to general samples also of gender (male and female), p = 0.000. Male and female handball samples achieved the greatest progress in manual reaction time to visual stimuli involving peripheral vision for the Reaction time test with a unilateral right visual stimulus (30 s) and the Reaction time test with a unilateral left visual stimulus (30 s), while general sample also of male and female basketball samples, for the Reaction time test with bilateral visual stimuli (30 s) and the Reaction time test with six Fitlights (1 min); male and female volleyball samples recorded the lowest progress in all tests compared to handball and basketball groups. According to our results, female samples made greater progress in reaction time than male groups for all four tests of the present study. The implemented experimental program led to an improvement in manual reaction time to visual stimuli due to the use of Fitlight technology and the involvement of peripheral vision for all research samples.
Overground Robotic Gait Trainer mTPAD Improves Gait Symmetry and Weight Bearing in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Stramel Danielle Marie , Winterbottom Lauren , Stein Joel , Agrawal Sunil K.
Published: June 2023

Stroke is a leading cause of disability, impairing the ability to generate propulsive forces and causing significant lateral gait asymmetry. We aim to improve stroke survivors’ gaits by promoting weight-bearing during affected limb stance. External forces can encourage this; e.g., vertical forces can augment the gravitational force requiring higher ground reaction forces, or lateral forces can shift the center of mass over the stance foot, altering the lateral placement of the center of pressure. With our novel design of a mobile Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (mTPAD) paired with the DeepSole system to predict the user’s gait cycle percentage, we demonstrate how to apply three-dimensional forces on the pelvis without lower limb constraints. This work is the first result in the literature that shows that with an applied lateral force during affected limb stance, the center of pressure trajectory’s lateral symmetry is significantly closer to a 0% symmetry (5.5%) than without external force applied (−9.8%,p<0.05). Furthermore, the affected limb’s maximum relative pressure (p) significantly increases from 233.7p to 234.1p (p<0.05) with an applied downward force, increasing affected limb loading. This work highlights how the mTPAD increases weight-bearing and propulsive forces during gait, which is a crucial goal for stroke survivors.
Personalized Explanations for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Explainable Graph Neural Networks with Population Graphs
Authors: Kim So Yeon
Published: June 2023

Leveraging recent advances in graph neural networks, our study introduces an application of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) within a correlation-based population graph, aiming to enhance Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prognosis and illuminate the intricacies of AD progression. This methodological approach leverages the inherent structure and correlations in demographic and neuroimaging data to predict amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity. To validate our approach, we conducted extensive performance comparisons with conventional machine learning models and a GCN model with randomly assigned edges. The results consistently highlighted the superior performance of the correlation-based GCN model across different sample groups in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, suggesting the importance of accurately reflecting the correlation structure in population graphs for effective pattern recognition and accurate prediction. Furthermore, our exploration of the model’s decision-making process using GNNExplainer identified unique sets of biomarkers indicative of Aβ positivity in different groups, shedding light on the heterogeneity of AD progression. This study underscores the potential of our proposed approach for more nuanced AD prognoses, potentially informing more personalized and precise therapeutic strategies. Future research can extend these findings by integrating diverse data sources, employing longitudinal data, and refining the interpretability of the model, which potentially has broad applicability to other complex diseases.
Systemic and Pulmonary Inflammation/Oxidative Damage: Implications of General and Respiratory Muscle Training in Chronic Spinal-Cord-Injured Patients
Authors: Araneda Oscar F. , Rosales-Antequera Cristián , Contreras-Briceño Felipe , Tuesta Marcelo , Rossi-Serrano Rafael , Magalhães José , Viscor Ginés
Published: June 2023

Chronic spinal cord injury affects several respiratory-function-related parameters, such as a decrease in respiratory volumes associated with weakness and a tendency to fibrosis of the perithoracic muscles, a predominance of vagal over sympathetic action inducing airway obstructions, and a difficulty in mobilizing secretions. Altogether, these changes result in both restrictive and obstructive patterns. Moreover, low pulmonary ventilation and reduced cardiovascular system functionality (low venous return and right stroke volume) will hinder adequate alveolar recruitment and low O2 diffusion, leading to a drop in peak physical performance. In addition to the functional effects described above, systemic and localized effects on this organ chronically increase oxidative damage and tissue inflammation. This narrative review describes both the deleterious effects of chronic spinal cord injury on the functional effects of the respiratory system as well as the role of oxidative damage/inflammation in this clinical context. In addition, the evidence for the effect of general and respiratory muscular training on the skeletal muscle as a possible preventive and treatment strategy for both functional effects and underlying tissue mechanisms is summarized.
A New Cell Line Derived from the Caudal Fin of the Dwarf Gourami (Trichogaster lalius) and Its Susceptibility to Fish Viruses
Authors: Jeong Ye-Jin , Kim Kwang-Il
Published: June 2023

The detection of megalocytiviruses, especially the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), in ornamental fish has increased with the rapid growth of the ornamental fish industry. In this study, dwarf gourami fin (DGF) cells derived from the caudal fin of the dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius), which is highly susceptible to red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and ISKNV, were established and characterized. The DGF cells were grown at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 30 °C in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and were subcultured for more than 100 passages, predominantly with epithelial-like cells. DGF cells had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 44. Although the initial purpose of this study was to establish a cell line for the causative agents of red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIV and ISKNV), DGF cells were also susceptible to rhabdoviruses (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, hirame rhabdovirus, and spring viraemia of carp virus), exhibiting a significant cytopathic effect characterized by cell rounding and lysis. Additionally, viral replication and virion morphology were confirmed using virus-specific conventional polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, both RSIV and ISKNV were replicated at high concentrations in DGF cells compared to other cell lines. Notably, the DGF cells maintained a monolayer during ISKNV infection, indicating the possibility of persistent infection. Thus, DGF can be used for viral diagnosis and may play a critical role in advancing our understanding of ISKNV pathogenesis.