bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Level Evaluation of the Relationship Between Leadership Program Satisfaction, Opinion Leadership, and Intent to Participate in an Alumni Program
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: October 2019

A census of 23 adult leadership development programs including 2,200 individuals from 262 classes investigated the influence of the group level (class) elements on individual intentions to participate in alumni programming. Individual and group level effects were evaluated, specifically, level of individual and group satisfaction as well as level of individual and group opinion leadership. The results indicate there are group level differences in intentions to participate, albeit small. Additionally, group level satisfaction was a significant positive predictor of intention. Individual satisfaction was found to have a significant positive effect; however, opinion leadership was found to have a significant negative effect on intentions to participate. Finally, group satisfaction was the only significant predictor found when analyzing both individual and group level variables simultaneously.
LEADERSHIP SKILLS NEEDED BY HIGH SCHOOL PREFECTS IN THE MANZINI REGION OF ESWATINI
Authors: Tsikati Alfred F. , Magagula Thabo F.
Published: October 2019

In schools, one form of student participation is through the school prefects. Paucity of information is available on the leadership skills needed by high school prefects in Eswatini. Therefore, this study sought to find out the leadership skills needed by prefects in the Manzini region of Eswatini. The design of the study was descriptive correlational, targeting prefects from secondary schools in the Manzini region in Eswatini. One hundred prefects from 10 secondary schools were randomly sampled. A self-administered questionnaire validated by three lecturers from the Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, University of Eswatini and one teacher from Ngwane High School was used for data collection. The inter-item reliability coefficient established using Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.79. Findings revealed that the leadership skills needed by prefects were: respecting other learners; ability to motivate other learners; ability to solve problems; responding to learners’ concerns; ability to manage resources, among others. The study concluded that prefects should be afforded leadership skills in interpersonal relationships, management of people, problem solving, resource management, counselling and motivational skills. Therefore, the study recommended that the school prefects should be empowered in these needed leadership skills.
RE-IMAGINING COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL ERA
Authors: Kniffin Lori E. , Patterson Ryan M.
Published: October 2019

The challenges of the 21st century, post-industrial society are increasingly complex. They will not be solved by the actions of individual, “heroic” leaders; instead, they require the participation of diverse stakeholders in order to make progress. Through a discussion of the evolution of leadership theory, we demonstrate that theories emerging from a post-industrial paradigm highlight the collective dimensions of leadership in contrast to the leader-centric theories of the Industrial Era. We draw from this literature to problematize the leader-centric nature of community leadership programs in the United States by specifically examining their sponsorship, content, and structure. Finally, we offer a vision for how to re-imagine community leadership programs so that they are more responsive to the complexity of the 21st century by drawing upon collective leadership and postmodern curriculum theory.
CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS PROTETORES E RISCO PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CÂNCER ENTRE ESTUDANTES DA SAÚDE
Authors: Santos Ana Carlene Ferreira dos , Aguiar Marília Magalhães , Lourenço Costa Vanessa Vieira , Sá Naíza Nayla Bandeira de , Ainett Waléria Do Socorro de Oliveira , Santos Thais De Oliveira Carvalho Granado
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Verificar a tendência do consumo de alimentos protetores e de risco para desenvolvimento de câncer entre estudantes da área da saúde da Universidade Federal do Pará. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com 261 acadêmicos da área da Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada de janeiro a julho de 2016, através de formulário online desenvolvido no Google Drive, com informação sobre identificação, estilo de vida e frequência alimentar. Carne bovina, embutidos, farinha de mandioca, óleos em frituras, pizza, salgadinhos fritos e assados, sanduíches, sucos industrializados e refrigerantes foram considerados alimentos de risco; e peixes, salada crua, fruta, sucos naturais e açaí, alimentos protetores. Utilizaram-se o softwareBioEstat 8.0 para construção do banco de dados e realização dos testes estatísticos; e Excel 2010 para tabelas e gráficos. Resultados: A população estudada tinha idade entre 17 e 47 anos, maioria do gênero feminino (81,61%), solteiro (73,95%), com renda de 1-3 salários mínimos (52,49%) e moravam com os pais (82,76%). Entre os eutróficos, 77,63% declararam consumir peixe; a maioria declarou consumir açaí com açúcar e/ou com farinha de mandioca/tapioca, alimentos típicos da região, assim como carne bovina, 1-2 vezes na semana. Conclusão: A tendência do consumo de alimentos protetores para o desenvolvimento de câncer foi de verduras, legumes e frutas; e a de alimentos de risco, farinha de mandioca, óleos e refrigerantes.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.38290
Disorders of gut–brain interaction and the long-term risks of opioids
Authors: Sahota Sanjeev , Fortun Paul
Published: October 2019

Prescription opioid abuse has become a public health crisis. It is often challenging to manage affected patients as their symptoms are often viewed through a prism of complex psychosocial issues. Clinicians are often unaware of the lack of evidence regarding opioid prescribing for non-cancer pain, and these trends in prescribing have been significantly escalated by pharmaceutical companies and prescribing culture in recent years. Opioid prescribing in the context of disorders of gut–brain interaction (formerly known as functional gastrointestinal disorders) can worsen conditions such as centrally-mediated abdominal pain syndrome and narcotic bowel syndrome. Opioids should not be prescribed to these patients as the harm is significantly greater than the benefit. However, in certain patients, such as those being investigated for organic abdominal pain, a trial of opioids may be indicated. In these groups, an opioid contract should be used, in addition to risk tools to identify those most vulnerable to the negative effects of these drugs. Prevention and treatment of the long-term effects of opioids requires a multidisciplinary approach and health-care professionals should all become ‘opioid aware’.
Ethics in Aesthetics: Navigating through the gender minefield
Authors: Hool Claire
Published: October 2019

People reporting some form of gender incongruence has risen tenfold over the past few years, and the reasons why are not always clear. Whatever the reason, Claire Hool considers ways to transform your workplace into a more transgender-friendly space
Back to basics: stepping into aesthetics and continuing professional development
Authors: Guinan Lorraine
Published: October 2019

Continuing professional development is necessary for job satisfaction and safe clinical practice. Lorraine Guinan explores the implications of this for prospective aesthetic nurses and long-standing practitioners
Multiple unerupted teeth – an interesting challenge
Authors: Adam Naeem , Flett Andrew , Sandler Cara
Published: October 2019

This paper describes primary failure of eruption and presents some of the theories about the aetiology of this clinical condition. It also covers single ankylosed teeth as well as cases that present with multiple unerupted teeth. The various approaches to the clinical management of this not uncommon problem are discussed, along with the pros and cons of some of these techniques.

One difficult clinical challenge is documented, where a 14-year-old patient presented with 19 unerupted permanent teeth and, with the help of rare-earth magnets and upper and lower fixed appliances, within a two-year period a good result was achieved.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians encounter teeth that have failed to erupt on a regular basis. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning of these cases, and subsequent effective clinical management, is imperative to ensure the most favourable outcome for our patients.
A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study on Pharmacovigilance to Improve the Drug Safety in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Hossain Md. , Shah Amran Md.
Published: October 2019

The monitoring of drug safety is a crucial element for the effective use of medicines to maintain high-quality medical care. The aim of this study was to analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as well as improve drug safety through pharmacovigilance (PV) in Bangladesh. The research work was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire by taking interviews of targeted stakeholders including academicians, doctors, pharmacists, manufacturers of drugs and directorate general of drug administration (DGDA) personnel. The study was conducted on 496 participants at Dhaka Metropolitan Dhaka, Rajshahi and Khulna Divisions from July 2015 to June 2018. Outcomes showed that among the interviewed populations 23% were female and 77% were male. Among participants, 66.9% of the interviewee was postgraduate degree holders. 62.7% respondents were familiar with the word element PV and 37.3% were ignorant of it. The major problem of DGDA to spreading the knowledge of PV was less manpower (73.9%). Among the factors that must be stopped to avoid the ADRs were the unethical practice of the healthcare professionals (50%). The topmost prioritized component was an education for knowledge (71.4%). It was found that many of the facilities for adverse drug reaction monitoring (ADRM) were absent in Bangladesh. The manpower and strength of DGDA must be increased to perform adequate monitoring and control as per the need of the country. We recapitulate that more research and development programs on PV activities in the country to improve the quality healthcare services is needed.
Do intellectual property rights involve a private power to tax
Authors: Marchese Carla
Published: October 2019

This article criticises the standard approach to intellectual property rights, interpreted as property rights conferring a monopolistic position, by showing that a public good is not a suitable basis for a private monopoly and that the bundle of rights included in an intellectual property right is so different from those enjoyed under a standard monopoly as to suggest that a different mechanism is at work, that is, a private power to tax has been granted. To highlight how this novel approach works, mainstream economic models of economic growth based on research and development, whether protected or not by intellectual property rights, are revisited. The theory of taxation is then recalled to show that taxes involved by intellectual property rights can range from an amount equal to the monopoly profit to Lindahl taxes. Finally, the principles of taxation elaborated by economic theory are examined for clues to improving the design of intellectual property rights.
Reflexões sobre preconceito e exclusão nas práticas corporais: narrativas de participantes de um projeto social
Authors: Fabri Eliane Isabel Julião , Ferreira Lilian Aparecida
Published: October 2019

As práticas corporais promovem situações variadas de interação entre os participantes e, portanto, são carregadas de desafios relacionais. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou identificar e analisar as situações de preconceito e de exclusão vividas ou observadas por participantes de um projeto social. A metodologia, assentada na pesquisa qualitativa, se constituiu por uma pesquisa-ação. A técnica de coleta dos dados envolveu a produção de narrativas orais, por parte das crianças, adolescentes e jovens de um projeto social. Participaram do estudo 37 crianças de seis a 12 anos e oito adolescentes e jovens de 13 a 17 anos. Foram coletadas 15 narrativas no total, nove narrativas das crianças e seis narrativas dos adolescentes e jovens. As situações de preconceito e exclusão foram destacadas por elementos relativos à diferença de gênero, diferenças de habilidades e diferenças corporais. As práticas corporais sinalizadas nas narrativas foram aquelas que mobilizavam a cooperação e a oposição simultaneamente, nas quais os colegas de uma mesma equipe colaboravam entre si e se opunham aos adversários da outra equipe, havendo o estabelecimento de vitória para os vencedores e derrota para os perdedores. A natureza das práticas corporais pode incitar as manifestações das atitudes dos/as participantes e, neste contexto, os jogos de características exclusivamente cooperativas aparecem como uma alternativa em contextos de conflitos, evidenciando atitudes e decisões em parceria, voltadas para um objetivo comum. Processos educativos voltados para o desenvolvimento de valores, como: respeito, solidariedade, cooperação, por exemplo, no campo do ensino das práticas corporais, poderiam trazer contribuições importantes para a formação humana com a expectativa de se contrapor às situações de preconceito e exclusão vividas pelas pessoas.
Estudo do senso numérico: aprendizagem matemática e pesquisa em perspectiva
Authors: Assis Évelin Fulginiti de , Corso Luciana Vellinho , Thornton Alessandra Figueiró , Nunes Sula Cristina Teixeira
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio tem como objetivo elucidar questões relativas à origem, definição e contribuições do senso numérico para a aprendizagem matemática. Abordam-se as controvérsias envolvidas na origem e conceituação do constructo, assim como a compreensão de senso numérico que caracteriza este trabalho. São apresentados estudos que destacam o papel relevante que o senso numérico desempenha para a construção da matemática inicial e a relação que este constructo tem evidenciado com o desempenho matemático posterior das crianças. Após, relaciona-se o que foi exposto às ações educacionais desenvolvidas por pesquisadores da área, mostrando a efetividade do investimento no desenvolvimento de intervenções matemáticas. Em conclusão, fica evidenciada a controvérsia que caracteriza a conceituação de senso numérico, o que reflete a necessidade e relevância de mais pesquisa nesta área. É destacada também a forte relação preditiva entre o constructo e o conhecimento matemático posterior, o que tem impulsionado a realização de estudos de intervenção neste campo, com resultados animadores, para alunos da Educação Infantil e dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental que apresentam dificuldades de aprendizagem na matemática.
Projetos interdisciplinares a partir de livros científicos e literários
Authors: Röhrig Maiquel
Published: October 2019

A interdisciplinaridade tem dominado o discurso de professores e pensadores da educação. Multiplicam-se teorias sobre o tema e variações a ele: fala-se de multidisciplinaridade, pluridisciplinaridade, transdisciplinaridade, cada uma com implicações teóricas específicas. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar propostas de trabalhos interdisciplinares que já foram executadas, confrontando o discurso que estimula a pô-los em prática, a fim de oferecer subsídios e ideias concretas para professores de diversas disciplinas da educação básica. Procuramos discutir os limites da interdisciplinaridade avaliando sua pertinência, bem como os espaços de sua realização e o tempo que a ela se pode dedicar nos currículos da educação básica.
Caminho: do motivo visual para os motivos pedagógicos
Authors: Dourado Rosiane de Jesus
Published: October 2019

Esse é um exame crítico sobre o motivo visual cinematográfico: caminho, em dois filmes, Onde Fica a Casa de Meu Amigo? (1987) e Gosto de Cereja (1997), do cineasta e fotógrafo iraniano, Abbas Kiarostami, estabelecendo suas relações com as práticas educativas e os possíveis conhecimentos formados com o cinema. O objetivo é discutir o aprendizado com a linguagem cinematográfica na escola através das relações pedagógicas entre adulto e criança, cinema, educação e imaginação. A análise dos filmes parte da leitura das críticas feitas por Ragel (2016), Bergala (2008) e Bernardet (2004) acerca da linguagem cinematográfica de Abbas Kiarostami, que desenvolveu uma poética artística e reflexiva sobre questões da vida. Outras produções audiovisuais e experiências educativas com o cinema são articuladas a teorias sobre infância, processos educativos e subjetividades. Este texto aponta para caminhos pedagógicos de aproximação entre adultos e crianças, professores e alunos, em relações pedagógicas de respeito às alteridades e especificidades.
Ensino de psicologia da educação nos cursos de pedagogia: uma análise nas universidades públicas paranaenses
Authors: Gennari Ana Paula Gonçalves Arantes , Blanco Marília Bazan , Araújo Roberta Negrão de
Published: October 2019

A Psicologia da Educação é uma das disciplinas que auxilia a Pedagogia, uma vez que corresponde a um ramo da Psicologia que discute princípios e teorias psicológicas voltados aos métodos de ensino. Para tanto, compõe a grade curricular do curso de Pedagogia, abordando as inúmeras dimensões do desenvolvimento psicológico bem como do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, com a finalidade de empregá-los como subsídios necessários à formação de professores e à sua atuação. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em analisar os conteúdos abordados nas disciplinas de Psicologia nos cursos de Pedagogia das Universidades Públicas Estaduais do Paraná e a percepção das acadêmicas do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, de uma das universidades pesquisadas, sobre a referida disciplina. Com a análise dos ementários, percebeu-se que não existe um padrão entre as universidades no tocante à carga horária e à nominação das disciplinas, bem como dos conteúdos referentes ao ensino de Psicologia da Educação. A partir dos resultados, identificou-se que as acadêmicas compreendem a importância da disciplina de Psicologia da Educação para a formação docente, ainda que a carga horária seja considerada insuficiente para abarcar as teorias psicológicas relacionadas à Educação; evidenciou-se, ainda, a ausência da articulação entre teoria e prática na disciplina.
Modified Direct Transfer Coping Technique for Making Impression of Closely Placed Implants
Authors: Singh Kunwarjeet
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of the impression is to record and transfer the relationship between implants and to reproduce this relationship as accurately as possible. But, Unplanned placement of the implants may result in close approximation of the implants, thereby posing tough challenge to the restorative dentist, to first accurately record the impression and later on fabricate the prosthesis with satisfactory esthetics and function. This article presents a modified direct impression coping procedure for precise making of impression of closely placed implants which otherwise may be difficult to replicate the exact position of the implants by conventional direct or indirect technique.
Enhanced Healing and Bone re-Modelling by Low-Level Laser Therapy for Rapid Pain Control in Pediatric Fractures
Authors: IP David
Published: October 2019

Objective
The current clinical case series assess the clinical outcome of the use of low-level laser in the treatment of painful pediatric fractures not solidly consolidated and re-modelled after casting for a standard of 4-6 weeks

Materials and Methods
The patient cohort consisted of 17 consecutive unselected patients in pediatric age group with delayed fracture consolidation and/or undesirable angulation despite casting for a standard period of 4-6 weeks in whom the parents refused any surgical intervention and/or bone grafting options. All subjects were referred from other medical centers after inadequate healing of the fracture ends upon repeating the x ray after the cast was off at the 4-6 weeks mark. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on alternate days for 8weeks in upper limb fracture cases, and 12 weeks in lower limb fracture cases were administered with a view of enhancing bone healing and/or re-modelling since both previous clinical and basic science studies on LLLT showed a stimulatory effect on fracture healing.

Results
All patients had solid union, mean time for union for upper and lower limb fractures were 6 and 10 weeks respectively. The calculated p value is statistically significant at p < 0.05. No patient defaulted follow up. All parents were satisfied with the clinical and radiological result of the LLLT treatment.

Conclusion
LLLT was found not only to enhance bone healing potential but in fact improved bone re-modelling when used in the proper wavelength and energy density in pediatric upper and lower limbs fractures, thereby also rapidly resolve the intolerable pain in paediatric fracture population
The effect of neuropeptides on the functional state of the endocrine function of the pancreas. Effects of chronic administration of [Arg8] vasopressin
Authors: Abramov A. V. , Kolesnik Yu. M. , Trezhetsky S. D. , Gancheva O. V.
Published: October 2019

Experiments on intact and diabetic rats demonstrated that 10-day injections of [Arg8]-vasopressin (intracerebroventricu- lar (icv) daily dose 24 fM, intraperitoneal (ip) 240 pM) leads to increase in insulin content in pancreatic beta-cells in nor- moglycaemic rats by 6.6 ± 0.2% in comparison with the controls and in hyperglycaemic diabetic rats by 25.6 ± 0.6% after icv injection and by 15.9 ± 0.8% after ip injection. Injection of vasopressin to diabetic animals decreased the level of glycaemia by 37% but did not affect the destruction of Langerhans’ islets. The insulin-stimulating effect of chronic icv vasopressin can be explained by modulation of the functional activity of the hypothalamic centers of feeding behavior and with the vagus nerve dorsal motor nucleus, while ip injection of the peptide directly stimulates the production of insulin in beta-cells.
Estrogens and myocardial infarction
Authors: Karachentsev A. N. , Schwartz G. Ya. , Kukes V. G.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, increasing attention of specialists has been attracted by the problems of the relationship between cardiovascular pathology and the state of the endocrine system of the body, in particular the functioning of the gonads. Clinical observations indicate that cardiovascular diseases, including MI, can quite often form on a certain “unfavorable” endocrine basis, and their development is largely determined by gender [5, 68, 72]. hormonal function of the ovaries is significantly lower than in men of the same age, with the onset of menopause, this difference between the sexes disappears [3, 68]. The unequal orientation of the action of estrogen hormones on the cardiovascular system of women and supper, while in the former under conditions of estrogen deficiency their substitution is protective, in men, the use of female sex hormones increases the risk of cardiovascular disease [3, 5, 8, 68]. In vitro and in vivo significant coronary dilator reactions and modulating the effect with respect to the paradoxical coronary spastic effects of atherosclerotically altered blood vessels of the heart was observed with the administration of 17p-estradiol only to postmenopausal women, but not to men [22, 51].
Anthropometric and hormonal-andmetabolic parameters in abdominal obesity
Authors: Plokhaya A. A. , Vorontsov A. V. , Novolodskaya Yu. V. , Butrova S. A. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

То examine the distribution of fatty tissue in patients with ab­dominal obesity by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the relationship between the area of visceral fatty tis­sue and their anthropometric and hormonal-and-metabolic parameters, 31 individuals aged 20-40 years were examined. There were 15 females with a waist circumference (WC) of > 80 cm and a waist-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.85 and 16 males with > 94 cm and 0.95, respectively. In the course of this study, the  authors estimated anthropometric parameters such as body mass, body mass index, WC, and WHR, and meas­ured blood pressure. In all the patients, the areas of visceral and subcutaneous fatty tissues at the level of L,v were deter­mined by MRI; the levels of lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured. Our study has indicated that predom­inantly abdominal and visceral obesity was generally combined with hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia in patients with Stages 1 and II arterial hypertension. It has been ascertained that it is impossible to diagnose predominant visceral obesity in females, unlike males, by using anthropometric parameters. MRI is the method of choice in verifying the diagnosis of fe­male visceral obesity
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in terms of present-day diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of differential thyroid cancer
Authors: Zaplatnikov K. , Menzel C. , Diel M. , Debert N. , Hamcho N. , Grunwald F.
Published: October 2019

Positron emission tomography with “F-fluorodsoxyglucose (“ F-FDG-PET) - one of the types of radionuclide research methods that can determine the increased glucose metabolism in neoplastic cells - has recently taken a strong place among other methods for diagnosing malignant good diseases.
Estrogen therapy for arterial hypertension in menopansal females
Authors: Karachentsev A. N. , Kuznetsova I. V.
Published: October 2019

The epidemiology of arterial hypertension in women with menopause Arterial hypertension, according to many experts, "is the greatest non-infectious pandemic in the history of mankind that determines the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality"; Thus, only in Russia AG about 40% of the population suffers. Due to the wide prevalence of hypertension, it has become an interdisciplinary problem, and today doctors of different specialties need practical recommendations for rational pharmacotherapy of high blood pressure in specialized patients.
The nature of psychological changes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after learning self-control
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Redkin Yu. A. , Misnikova I. V.
Published: October 2019

Time course of psychological status of diabetics during automonitoring training is analyzed. Seventeen patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus aged 15-43 years with disease standing of 1-17 years were followed up, who were never trained automonitoring before. Two control groups were not trained, which helped assess the results from different viewpoints. The levels of depression, anxiety, energy, positive sensations, total well-being, satisfaction with treatment, subjective perception of hypoglycemic reactions, and subjective perception of hyperglycaemia were assessed using special questionnaires. Compensation of diabetes was improved both in the main and control groups. Psychological status of diabetics improved after training: levels of depression and anxiety decreased, levels of energy, psychological well-being, and general psychological status increased (p<0.05). In the controls all the above parameters were unchanged over the period of hospitalization. The incidence of subjective perception of hyperglycaemia decreased in trained patients (p<0.05) but not in the controls. The data indicate that the program of diabetic training can be recommended as a method for improving the efficacy of treatment as regards both metabolism compensation and improvement of the psychological status of patients.
Errors in radiation diagnosis of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Bukhman A. I. , Shlykova V. G.
Published: October 2019

Craniography, computer-aided tomography (CAT), and magnetic imaging (MI) are carried out in 236 patients with suspected pituitary adenoma. Causes of hypo- and hyperdiagnosis are analyzed. Algorithm of using radiodiagnostic methods is developed. Pituitary adenomas are recognized by assessing the size of the pituitary and sella turcica, detailed study of pituitary structure and status of the sella turcica walls and the adjacent tissues. Radiodiagnosis in combination with clinical laboratory findings permit the differentiation of pituitary adenomas from other pathological processes in this gland (hyperplasia, atrophy, inflammation, and dystrophy) and from changes in the neighboring tissues (calcification of different origin, increase of intracranial pressure, etc.). For minimizing the diagnostic errors, craniography is to precede CAT or MI. CAT or MI should be carried out in the “amplification ” mode, and in difficult diagnostic cases should be repeated over time. For an experienced specialist, MI by its informative value is the method of choice for the diagnosis of pituitary diseases (adenomas, cysts, etc.).
Salt iodination is an effective way of liquidation of iodine-deficient diseases in Russia
Authors: Gerasimov G. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the salt iodination is an effective way of liquidation of iodine-deficient diseases in Russia
The state of steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands and gonads in patients with polycystic ovary with inhibition of gonadotropic function
Authors: Dobracheva A. D. , Goncharov N. P. , Todua T. N. , Nizharadze I. D.
Published: October 2019

Relationships between secretion of pituitary gonadotropic hormones, adrenal glucocorticoid and androgenic function, and ovarian steroid production were studied in 14 patients with the polycystic ovaries syndrome (POS) under conditions of suppressed endogenous gonadotropic secretion, which was induced by tonic administration of busereline, a GnRH agonist. The bRH/iRH ratio is not changed in POS patients under conditions of suppressed gonadotropic secretion. Inhibition of gonadotropic secretion leads to decrease of estrogen secretion in the ovaries and does not affect the adrenal glucocorticoid function. Activation of adrenal androgen production by the delta-5 pathway was observed in 57% patients under conditions of gonadotroph inhibition. Three months after busereline was discontinued, adrenal steroidogenesis normalized. The results permit a conclusion that prolonged inhibition of gonadotropic secretion with GnRH agonist does not change the bLH/iLH ratio but can lead to activation of adrenal androgen production in part of patients with POS.
A rare case of pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Gubkina V. A. , Kamynina T. S. , Kornilova E. V. , Dreval A. V.
Published: October 2019

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PGPT) - Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is a sex-related disease rarely seen in medical practice. Inherited by the dominant type. It is caused by insensitivity of the kidneys and bones to parathyroid hormone (PG), which is secreted in normal or slightly elevated amounts [6, 10]. GH may not have a specific effect on cells due to pathology of GH receptors, impaired expression of information RNA synthesis by an unchanged hormone-receptor complex, the presence of pathological components of adenylate cyclase, pathological AMP-dependent protein kinase, or a defect in the synthesis of kinase substrates in the presence of circulating GH antagonists [5, 10 ].
Clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Petunina N. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis
The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prediction of postpartum thyroiditis
Authors: Krikheli I. O. , Potin V. V. , Tkachenko N. N. , Pigina T. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prediction of postpartum thyroiditis
New approaches to treating diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy in children and adolescents
Authors: Sivous G. I.
Published: October 2019

А hundred and seven patients (56 males and 51 females) aged 8 to 21 years who had suclinical and mild diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy received pathogenetic treatment. Thirty-nine patients took a combined drug including benfotiamine and pyridoxine in a daily dose of 300 mg for 6 weeks. Twenty-three and 45 patients were given a-lipoic acid in a daily dose of 10-15 mg/kg body weight for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. The treatment was monitored by using the Total Symptoms Score and the Neuropathy Impairment Score for the Lower Extremities, stimulation electromyography of two nerves of the leg. The therapy showed significant positive changes in subjective and objective neurological symptoms and baseline altered indices, a good tolerability of all the drugs. The findings allow one to consider a-lipoic acid and "millegamma " as tablets to be an agent for the treatment of subclinical and mild forms of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy.
Comments on E. P. Kasatkina’s paper offered for discussion: "Diffuse Nontoxic Goiter. Problems in Classification and Taxonomy"
Authors: Gerasimov G. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is presented in the form of comments on E. P. Kasatkina’s paper offered for discussion: "Diffuse Nontoxic Goiter. Problems in Classification and Taxonomy".
Features of cognitive processes in children with diabetes
Authors: Chuvakov G. I.
Published: October 2019

Analysis of the cognitive processes and measurements of glycated hemoglobin in 133 preschool and schoolchildren with diabetes and in 90 age-matched healthy controls revealed poor compensation of the disease in 76%) patients and inefficiency of cognitive processes in 77%) patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. The efficacy of cognitive processes in diabetics was found to depend on disease duration and compensation.
Results of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyrosis in the Moscow region
Authors: Kalinenkova S. G. , Pomelova V. G.
Published: October 2019

A total of 211418 (87.3%) neonates bom in the Moscow Region in 1991, 1995-1998 were examined for infantile hypothyroidism (111) using Delfia Finnish kits within the framework of the Federal program of mass-screening for 1H. Incidence of transitory hypothyroidism and /Н was 1:1699 and 1:5621, respectively. Mean frequency of retests was 2.98%>, 90% of them being cases of moderate hyperthyrotropinemia with the hormone level up to 50 microIU/ml. Epidemiological findings of mass screening provide evidence on moredate iodine deficiency in the Moscow region.
Diffuse toxic goiter in children: incidence at iodine deficient territories of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shilin D. Ye.
Published: October 2019

Time course of changes in the incidence of diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) in children aged 0-14years was studied in 1986-1999 at territories with slight iodine deficiency and normal radiation levels in the Central Federal Region of Russia (Belgorod, Voronezh, and Orel regions, a total of 45 territories, n = 665,987). The mean incidence of DTG over 14years in this cohort was 0.59per 100,000 children annually, which corresponds to the prevalence of this condition at a territory with slight and moderate iodine deficit. A notable increase in the incidence of DTG was observed during recent 5 years (1995-1999) in comparison with the beginning of observation (1986-1990): annual number of new cases and the morbidity level doubled (from 2.6+ 0.7 to 5.6+0.5, p - 0.01, and from 0.39 to 0.84, p < 0.03, respectively). The relative risk, of DTG in childhood increased to 2.15 (1.13-4.15, p < 0.029) in recent years; this is true mainly for pubertal girls. These negative shifts in DTG epidemiology among children in Central Russia were not caused by principal changes in the level of iodine consumption and were observed in the presence of persisting slight iodine deficiency under conditions of neglected overall iodine prevention.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for experimental anovulation of hyperandrogenie origin
Authors: Reznikov A. G. , Sinitsyn P. V. , Tarasenko L. V. , Polyakova L. I.
Published: October 2019

An experimental model of anovulatory infertility of hyperandrogenic origin (subcutaneous implantation of silastic capsules with testosterone to mature female rats) was used to study morphological, hormonal, and biochemical indices that characterize the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. Disorders found in the functional metabolism of androgens in the hypothalamus, decreased pituitary response to hypothalamic hormone (HH), changes in the pattern of estrous cycles, ovarian morphological changes suggest that there are neuroendocrine disturbances ovulation regulation. The use of flutamide as a drug of experimental antiandrogenic therapy led to a partial normalization of hormonal, biochemical, and morphological characteristics and to recovery of fertility in female rats with anovulatory fertility.
Neonatal transitory hypothyrosis: prediction for children’s health and development
Authors: Kovalenko T. V.
Published: October 2019

A total of 105 children with neonatal transitory hypothyrosis were observed from birth till the age of 3-5 years. Control group consisted of 81 children with normal thyroid function during the neonatal period. Unfavorable perinatal factors (complications of pregnancy and labor, maternal chronic diseases) contributed to the development of transitory hypothyrosis. A history of neonatal transitory hypothyrosis has a negative impact on subsequent physical, nervous, mental, and speech development of children and their health status during the first year of life and in preschool age. An unfavorable individual prognosis as regards further nervous and mental development, made on the basis of an original table of prognostic coefficients, can be sufficient for prescribing thyroid hormone preparations to neonates with transitory hypothyrosis.
Thyroid diseases (Book Review)
Authors: Kalinin A. P.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the Thyroid diseases
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Authors: Troshina Ye. A. , Abdulkhabirova F. M.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the syndrome of euthyroid pathology phenomenon that is a kind of adaptive reaction of the body to changes in the level of thyroid hormones.
Transient neonatal hypothyroidism: Children’s history of thyroid status
Authors: Kiseleva Ye. V. , Samsonova L. N. , Ibragimova G. V. , Ryabykh A. V. , Kasatkina E. P.
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with evaluation of the follow-up of the thyroid status in children with prior transient neonatal hypothyroidism (TNH). Under examination were 42 children aged 5-7 years, born in Moscow, who had, according to the screening for congenital hypothyroidism, a thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH-1) of > 20 mU/l which spontaneously became normal by the moment of re- or serum testing. A control group comprised children (n = 21) who had normal birth TSH levels and were on a par with all signs. The findings indicate that the children with prior TNH are a group at risk for thyroid insufficiency and are to be followed up. The revealed features of the size and structure of the thyroid in children with prior TNH (thyroid volume was equal to and below 10 percentiles in 19% of cases and malformations were encountered in every 5 patients) could exert a negative effect on the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pitu- itary-thyroid system in neonatality.
Long-term results of surgical treatment of diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Fedak I. R. , Gerasimov G. A. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Shatalov L. D.
Published: October 2019

Seventy-six case histories of patients operated on at Surgical Department of Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in 1992-1993 were analyzed in order to evaluate the remote results of surgical treatment of diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) and potentialities of their predicting before surgery. The following factors were analyzed: age by the moment of disease manifestation, sex, initial doses of thyrostatics, duration of antithyroid therapy, thyroid function by the moment of operation, volume of the gland, indications for surgery, and scope of intervention. Thyroid function at different terms after surgical treatment was assessed by clinical data and levels of TTH and free T4. Five years after operation for DTG, 26.6%) patients were in a state of euthyrosis, 68.2%) in hypothyrosis, and 5.2%) patients developed relapses. No relationships were detected between the size and function of the thyroid before surgery, presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy, and thyroid function in remote period after surgery. The risk of postoperative hypothyrosis in DTG is higher in patients treated with thyrostatics for a long time and in elderly subjects.
Time course of thyroid hormone concentration in the blood of completely or partially thyroidectomized rats
Authors: Shkumatov L. M. , Pryadko K. A. , Krylova I. I. , Korvin-Kuchinskaya L. S. , Bagel I. M.
Published: October 2019

Complete or partial thyroidectomy, adapted to adult animals, resulted in a permissible mortality (less than 5%) during and after the intervention. Blood concentrations of thyroid hormones were compared in intact, sham-operated animals, and animals with 100, 75, 50, and 25%-removed thyroid in various periods after the operation. The results indicate high stability of thyroid function to mechanical injury and its high regeneration potential. A conclusion on the gland damage after exposure of the organism to pathogenetic factors can be made only after repeated measurements of blood concentrations of thyroid hormones if a typical time course of their changes is observed. The authors suggest that complete removal of visible part of the gland with subsequent thyrostatic therapy leading to athyroxinemia be called total thyroidectomy, complete removal of visible part of the gland associated with pronounced long hypothyroxinemia be called subtotal thyroidectomy, and removal of any fragment of the gland be called partial thyroidectomy.
The effect of chronic administration of neuropeptide Y on the state of B and a-cells of islets of Langerhans in intact and diabetic rats
Authors: Kolesnik Yu. M. , Abramov A. V. , Trailin A. V. , Trezhetsky S. D.
Published: October 2019

The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the pancreatic endocrine function is studied. NPY was injected to intact and diabetic rats for 10 days intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in a dose of 10 ng or intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a dose of 2.5 pg daily. In intact animals, NPY caused an increase in insulin content in the islets, more pronounced after i.c.v. injection. The content of glucagon in а-cells increased after i.p. injection and decreased after i.c.v. injection. In diabetic animals, NPY inhibited the destruction of P-cells and increased the content of insulin in the islets, which was more pronounced after i.c.v. injection. The count of ck-cells in the islets dropped to the control level, while the level of glucagon remained decreased (more so after p. injection). The content of insulin in the blood increased and level of glycaemia decreased. The effects of NPY upon its peripheral administration may be explained by direct action on aand P-cells and upon central administration by modulation of hypothalamic hormone secretion and function of dorsal component of vagus nerve.
The use of the drug Wessel Duet F in the complex treatment of lesions of the lower extremities in patients with type II diabetes
Authors: Tokmakova A. Yu. , Milenkaya T. M. , Chirkova L. D. , Arbuzova M. I. , Antsiferov M. B.
Published: October 2019

A comprehensive approach to treatment of ischemic involvement of the lower limbs in patients with type 2 diabetes is proposed. Diabetics often develop obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limb arteries; the risk of amputation of feet and shins, involving invalidism and death, is rather high. The authors assessed the effect of Vessel Due F (Alfa Wasserman, Italy) on lipid metabolism, blood rheology, and peripheral hemodynamics in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by the ischemic form of diabetic foot. The course of therapy lasted for 12 weeks. Lipid metabolism notably improved (total cholesterol level decreased), normocoagulation and normalization of peripheral arterial blood flow were attained in the majority of patients, as shown by dopplerography. Therefore, the drug is effective in the treatment of ischemic form of the lower limb involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Surgical treatment of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure
Authors: Smorshchok V. N. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Artemova A. M. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Beltsevich D. G.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to define indications for surgical treatment and its scope in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in the presence of end-stage chronic renalfailure. The authors examined 80 patients who had a history of long-term procedures of hemo- or peritoneal dialysis. The patients’ mean age was 47±3.2 years. Measurements of the levels of alkaline phosphatase, ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, ultrasound of the parathyroid glands, densitometry and X-ray study were made in all the patients. All the patients received alfacalcidole therapy during different periods of time. Clinical, laboratory, and morphological correlations were made to establish indications for surgical treatment. The sensitivity ofpreoperative ultrasonography was 72.5% and that of intraoperative ultrasound study was as high as 98.4%. The sensitivity of intraoperative revision was 75%. Sixteen of the 20 patients operated on underwent total parathyroidectomy by autografting a fragment of one of the least glands into the muscle. Subtotal parathyroidectomy was made in 3 patients; 3 parathyroid glands were removed in 1. Emergency and planned studies were performed in all the patients. The duration of the patients operated on averaged 14 months. Three patients undergone total parathyroidectomy with autografiing developed signs of hyperparathyroidism following 6, 12, and 13 months, in this connection graft resection was made in these patients. In the follow-up periods of 3 to 6 months, the level of parathyroid hormone became normal after resurgery in 2 of these patients, hypoparathyroidism developed in one patient. Two months after surgery, recurrent secondary hyperthyroidism was detected in 2 of the 3 patients who had undergone subtotal parathyroidectomy (4 and 7 months after the occurrence of signs of transient hypoparathyroidism) and in 1 patient in whom 3 parathyroid glands had been removed. Four of the 20 patients operated on were observed to have hypoparathyroidism that was compensated by calcium preparations and active forms of vitamin D3. Thus, a good result was noted in 70% of the patients after surgical treatment.
Professor Leonid Moiseevich Golber (on the occasion of his 90th birthday)
Authors: Problem of Endocrinology Editorial Board
Published: October 2019

In February 1999, the 90th anniversary of the birth of a prominent Russian scientist and pathophysiologist Professor Leonid Moiseevich Golber was celebrated. L. M. Golber devoted almost 70 years to the service of Russian medical science, while still in his student years he published a number of works on the role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Since then, all his scientific activities have been associated with the problems of endocrinology and metabolism. His fundamental research on the humoral relationship between the spleen and liver made a significant contribution to the doctrine of the hepatolienal system.
Clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in adults
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Melnichenko G. A. , Gerasimov G. A. , Fadeev V. V. , Petunina N. A. , Aleksandrova G. F. , Troshina Ye. A. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Vanushko V. E.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in adults
Clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Martynova M. I. , Peterkova V. A. , Samsonova L. N. , Sapelkina L. V. , Semicheva T. V. , Shilin D. Ye.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis in children