bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABILITY IN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Hsiao Amy C.
Published: January 2020

The concepts, issues, and themes surrounding the definition of sustainability is discussed in this paper, as it is presented in a first year undergraduate engineering course called "Sustainability in Engineering Design" at the University of Prince Edward Island. Students incorporate, reflect upon, and analyze many examples and aspects of sustainability. Students are introduced to practical frameworks which they use to formulate their own definition of what sustainability means in engineering design. Students work in teams to analyze and articulate the impact that technological innovation and engineering design has on sustainability. As a result, an understanding of sustainability is established such that students are able to design for, articulate, quantify, and lead with a "sustainability mindset". The topics in the course "Sustainability in Engineering Design" are built upon in subsequent, advanced courses in manufacturing, robotics, renewable energy systems, and bioresources. As such, this work discusses the perspective of the future engineer as a global citizen, critical thinker, and problem solver who is able to consider the social, economic, environmental, cultural factors, and their inter-relationships, contributing to the understanding of sustainability in the engineering design process.
Representaciones sociales de la violencia psicológica en el noviazgo en jóvenes pertenecientes a una agrupación religiosa
Authors: Betancourt Muriel , Cartes Valeria
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo describir las representaciones sociales sobre la violencia psicológica en el noviazgo en jóvenes pertenecientes a un grupo religioso. La relevancia de lo anterior radica en que la religión se constituye en nuestra sociedad como un referente importante, influyendo en las formas de concebir la realidad y, por tanto, en los patrones comportamentales que puedan desarrollar los individuos. En este sentido, quienes adscriben a alguna religión tienden a presentar ideas más tradicionales de los roles de género, lo que según la literatura podría facilitar la utilización de violencia en la relación de pareja. Esta investigación se centra en la violencia psicológica ya que está demostrado que es la más frecuente y la menos estudiada. Asimismo, se centra en la etapa de la adolescencia y adultez emergente, ya que las cifras de nuestro país indican que en esta etapa se concentra la mayor cantidad de jóvenes que refieren haber experimentado violencia psicológica.

Respecto del método, el muestreo fue de tipo intencionado por conveniencia, el diseño cualitativo transversal de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados del estudio dan cuenta que si bien a nivel discursivo la religión podría configurarse como un factor protector en torno a los valores señalados por la biblia, se evidencian creencias rígidas en torno a los roles de género, lo que podría configurarse como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de violencia.
Alteridad y simpatía. Apuntes sobre la cuasi-trascendentalidad de la ética
Authors: Campos Salvaterra Valeria
Published: January 2020

En el siguiente trabajo exploramos la fundamentación de la ética de Emmanuel Levinas, centrándonos en su teoría de la subjetividad. Dado que se trata de una propuesta fenomenológica, proponemos que la de Levinas es una ética basada en la configuración de condiciones de posibilidad de una subjetividad trascendental que está estructuralmente enlazada con la exterioridad de lo que es radicalmente su otro, conformando una moral de fundación cuasi-trascendental. Se muestra además que esta tesis está encadenada en la tradición fenomenológica con otra corriente de pensamiento antecedente: la tradición empirista de fundamentación de la moral, específicamente en aquellas teorías que ponen como base el fenómeno psicológico de la simpatía.
An evaluation on phase behaviors of gas condensate reservoir in cyclic gas injection
Authors: Zhang Angang , Fan Zifei , Zhao Lun , Xu Anzhu
Published: January 2020

Maintaining the reservoir pressure by gas injection is frequently adopted in the development of gas condensate reservoir. The aim of this work is to investigate the phase behavior of condensate oil and remaining condensate gas in the formation under gas injection. The DZT gas condensate reservoir in East China is taken as an example. The multiple contact calculation based on cell-to-cell method and phase equilibrium calculations based on PR Equation of State (EOS) were utilized to evaluate the displacement mechanism and phase behavior change. The research results show that different pure gas has different miscible mechanism in the displacement of condensate oil: vaporizing gas drive for N2 and CH4; condensing gas drive for CO2 and C2H6. Meanwhile, there is a vaporing gas drive rather than a condensing gas drive for injecting produced gas. When the condensate oil is mixed with 0.44 mole fraction of produced gas, the phase behavior of the petroleum mixture reverses, and the condensate oil is converted to condensate gas. About the reinjection of produced gas, the enrichment ability of hydrocarbons is better than that of no-hydrocarbons. After injecting produced gas, retrograde condensation is more difficult to occur, and the remaining condensate gas develops toward dry gas.
Novosibirsk State University and the Eurasia Pacific Uninet: Long-Term Project Relationship
Authors: Filippov Sergei I. , Voytishek Elena E.
Published: January 2020

The article presents an overview of key scientific and corporate events held between 2017–2019 hosted by the Oriental Studies and Foreign Languages Departments of the Institute of Humanities of Novosibirsk State University in close partnership with the Eurasia-Pacific University Network and the University of Vienna (Austria). The listed conferences, expos and field trips were held at the academic sites of Austria, Russia and China (Hong Kong), opening up prospective plans for joint research.
On the Nature of Cao Cao’s Appointments of the Provincial Officials
Authors: Borisov Dmitriy E.
Published: January 2020

Later Han 後漢 termination in the 220 AD was a result of multiple crises, one aspect of which had been the political bankruptcy of the emperor and his loyalists. A turbulent and war-torn period, which started from the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans in 184 AD, has been a topic of discussion for many years ever since the Jin 晉empire. Although in the last years approaches to studies of the Later Han differ, there are three key historiographical ideas: the final years of the Later Han are discussed as a part of the Later Han, as a part of the Three Kingdoms era 三國 or are included into both periods. This case study is an attempt to show the possibility of a different approach and treat the period of 184–220 AD as a transition between Han and Wei empires, according to information about the local administrative appointments which can be found in the first chapter of San-guo zhi 三國志, being a biography of the most important statesman of this period – Cao Cao 曹操.The accounts, which can be found in his biography, indicate that Cao Cao's appointments did not precisely follow the traditions of the Later Han administrative system, but neither were they in full agreement with the ideas, which were later implemented during the Wei-Jin Nan-beichao period. His conduct was much more pragmatic than that of other Later Han statesmen, but he never ventured as far as his successors did in granting too much power to the local gentry.
A study on Teaching Methods of Korean Language Speaking Education Using Google Expeditions
Authors: Lee Jeongsik
Published: January 2020

This study presented a method of Korean speaking education using Google Expeditions, which can complement the reality of Korean language education in Russia. The following factors have been considered to introduce Google Expeditions to the class.
First, the teacher should handle Google Expeditions skillfully and cope with unexpected situations so that there is no disruption in the course of the class.
Second, students should integrate well with existing teaching methods so that they don't feel rejection towards Google Expeditions (new technologies).
Third, the strength of Google Expeditions should have a positive impact on the educational effect.
To design education using virtual reality, 'the essential principles of virtual reality education' (the principle of interaction, the principle of practicality and the principle of preparation) were adopted. The 'Multimedia-based Courseware Design Strategies' (Goal, Teaching Content, Personalization, Judgment of what is right or wrong, Feedback, Closing) were adopted to design classes with software for curriculum. The content of the class was 'Sejong Korean Conversation 1,' a textbook written by a professional organization. Based on these three factors, the ways to teach Korean speaking using Google Expeditions were explored and examples were presented.
Techniques for Processing Lithic Material during Epipalaeolithic in the Eastern Elbrus Region (On Materials of the Naves Badynoko Site)
Authors: Seletskiy Maxim V. , Shnaider Svetlana V. , Fedorchenko Alexander Yu.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The rock shelter Badynoko site is one of the key archaeological sites of the Eastern Elbrus region, which contains stratified archaeological complexes of the Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Stone industries at this site are the most important evidence for studying the cultural dynamics, economic and technological transformations that took place during the Epipalaeolithic time in Northern Caucasus. We aimed at conducting technological analysis of the Badynoko’s archaeological complexes using experimental data on knapping flint and obsidian raw materials. To achieve this goal, we analyzed available information on morphometric criteria to identify knapping techniques. Our research interests included experimental modelling of the main methods which were used at the rock shelter Badynoko site for producing obsidian lamellar blanks; we also identified knapping techniques for producing blanks from other lithic materials.
Results. We described the main strategies used in processing lithic materials which existed during the Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene periods at the rock shelter Badynoko site. Identified are basic techniques applied in the fracture zone and methods for producing lamellar blanks of several types, namely microblades, bladelets, and blades. The common feature of all the assemblages is that primary flaking was meant to obtain bladelets and microblades from volumetric cores mainly by unidirectional knapping. The technological and morphological study of each type of the blanks has allowed us to link the production of these items with different stages of utilizing cores and determine knapping techniques used, such as direct hitting with a soft mineral chipper tool and pressure.
Conclusion. Based on our technological reconstructions, we provide a more detailed description of the evolution of strategies and knapping techniques used to process lithic materials during various stages at the rock shelter Badynoko site.
Design of the Kurgan Area in the Burial Complexes of the Sintashta and Petrovka Cultures
Authors: Snitkovskaya Polina A.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. A funeral rite is one of the most stable components of any archaeological culture. Even though it is the most conservative and stable element, ritual practices may vary depending on the culture. The causes of variation might be cognitive mechanisms and random errors which appeared while copying funerary traditions. In a society with a close cultural basis, reproduction of the same rituals may include different symbols. Their transformation will have either a cluster character or may be smooth. In the Sintashta and Petrovka cultures, the lines of evolutionary development are determined by such elements of the funeral rite as principles of organization and decoration of the kurgan space. We describe these elements in our article.
Results. In conditions of population mobility whose cultural basis is close but the hierarchy is weak, reproduction of cultural stereotypes is most susceptible to variability. While studying interactions between the Sintashta and Petrovka archaeological cultures, we identify a definite link in their burial rites. They are characterized by a sustainable complex of individual items. In this article, we relate the rite features to the methods of constructing and planning of the enclosing kurgan structures, the ground and burials. A variability of the elements is due to a change in the ways of implementing actions aimed at sending the deceased to the other world. The ritual forms could have been changed intentionally, or it might have been an error while copying the mythological constructs with subsequent preservation of its meaning. The range of activities before creating a burial mound is determined by the methods of constructing and planning the surrounding structures, kurgan platforms and gravel pits. To analyze characteristics of each group considered, we used a database of 19 burial grounds – 61 kurgans representing the Sintashta culture (16 sites) and the Petrovka culture (45 sites). We consider the dimensions of mounds, types of fences (ditches, shafts, stone fences), their shape, planning of gravel pits and the design of the kurgan platform.
Conclusion. The distribution of objects with different architectural elements and ways of kurgan space decorating indicate the presence of local traditions characteristic only for a certain area. Some variability is expressed by a change in the way how symbolic actions were implemented. Mounds with ditches are more common in the Tobol region, while stone fences were found only in Central Kazakhstan. Replacement of ditches on the weakly deepened fences might have been done intentionally, or it could have been a result of an error while copying the mythological construct, with subsequent preservation of its meaning.
3D Modeling of Dwellings from Russian Archaeological Sites in Siberia: Reliability of Approximation
Authors: Tataurova Larisa V.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The dwelling, as one of the basic elements of the life-support system, more and more often is becoming a focus of researchers’ interest when they excavate archaeological sites where Russian population lived during the New Age in Siberia. On the basis of materials obtained from the excavations, various types of reconstruction are carried out, including 3D models. Written and ethnographic sources are used to create such models as comparative materials.
Results. The sources studied give information about the area of the buildings, but indicators of the possible height of these constructions in the 17th – 18th centuries remain hypothetical. Our material is based on representative ethnographic information and archaeological materials on the dwellings of Russian population in the Irtysh River area near Tara, Mangazeya and Sayan ostrog. We used published written sources that contained information about probable height characteristics of dwellings during the 17th – 18th centuries, made our calculations and created 3D models of dwellings, which were analyzed.
Conclusion. The main conclusion drawn from the results of our work is that the accuracy of reproduction of certain properties of the original object while making a 3D model should be based not only on the search for analogues, but also take into account the cultural landscape surrounding the object in the studied period of time.
Pike in the Beliefs and Folklore of the Khakass (Late 19th – Mid 20th Century)
Authors: Burnakov Venariy A.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to characterize the image of the pike in the worldview and ritual practices of the Khakass. To achieve our goal, we analyzed the folklore and ethnographic information available and identified the key constituent elements of the creature analyzed, as well as discovered the semantic links of its image with natural objects and elements. The chronological framework of the work covers the end of the 19th – middle of the 20th centuries. The pike has never become the focus of ethnographic studies before.
Results. We came to the conclusion that the pike played an important role in the spiritual culture of the Khakass. The characteristic features of the pike’s mythological image as a predatory fish were influenced mainly by its biological nature and, first of all, the morphology of its body, its behavior, lifestyle, way of hunting, and, of course, its habitat. In popular mythological consciousness, the projection of its zoological features was expressed through considering the pike as an agile, rapacious and greedy creature, as a rule. At the same time, the pike was also perceived as a wise creature possessing secret knowledge about aquatic depths and their inhabitants. In addition, in many plots the pike acted as a wonderful assistant and helped the protagonist in solving his problems. On the other hand, heroes themselves often turned into this fish in order to achieve their goals related to the other world. In the religious and mythological ideas of the Khakass people, the pike was an incarnation of the spirit of the water host – sug eezi. This deity used to play a key role in the traditional rituals of the Khakass.
Conclusion. In sacral practices, the pike performed the function of a tos, a shaman’s spiritual assistant. Its image was present on their ritual paraphernalia – tambourines. Due to this, using a pike as food was strictly prohibited for the Khakass and other peoples of Southern Siberia.
Siberian Scientific School of Prehistoric Art Founded by Academician A. P. Okladnikov
Authors: Nenakhova Yuliya N.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. One of the most important research areas studied by A. P. Okladnikov was prehistoric art, in particular its origin and correlation with the concept of “aesthetic beginning”, as well as issues of ancient art development and a number of other related aspects. Siberian scientific school of prehistoric art founded by academician A. P. Okladnikov has already made a significant contribution to the study of prehistoric art on a worldwide scale.
Results. A. P. Okladnilov’s scientific interest in prehistoric art issues formed at the beginning of the 1960s, when he moved to Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk. The scientific school was formed on the basis of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of SB RAS. A group of scientists from the institute organized a team which started to develop projects in several aspects: a) studied specific issues of the research program based on the leader’s ideas; b) provided training for specialists; c) organized and coordinated efforts of different research groups studying prehistoric art issues.
Conclusion. Academician A. P. Okladnikov is an outstanding Soviet archaeologist, historian and anthropologist, an initiator and the first Director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the AS in the USSR (currently the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS), which was founded in 1966. Ancient history aspects under investigation at those times included the study of initial human settlements and the spread of Paleolithic traditions on the Asian continent, old cultural ties between Asia and America, ethnogenesis and early history of indigenous Siberian and Far Eastern peoples and their inclusion into the Russian state, the formation of Russian culture in Siberia and many others. A. P. Okladnikov organized a series of archaeological expeditions, and the geography of his Siberian expeditions covered a vast region from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, from the Arctic Ocean in the north to Central Asia in the south. Dozens of talented researchers followed A. P. Okladnikov and made important archaeological discoveries. Their research areas cover a wide range of topical issues. Today it is the students of this researcher who largely determine the vector of archaeological development.
Scientific Seminar “Archaeology of Floodplain: Relief, Paleoenvironment, History of Settlement” (Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 23 April 2019)
Authors: Bychkov Dmitry A.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of a scientific seminar that brought together experts from various fields of science. The participants discussed issues that affected the formation of floodplain landscapes in Western Siberia, historical development of these territories by the ancient man and dating for these events. The presentations contained interesting methodological solutions and vivid results. As a conclusion of the seminar, a summary was presented which reflects the modern approach to solving these scientific problems.
Technological Analysis of Turquoise Jewelry (Based on Finds from the Scythian Burial Ground of Ak-Dag I in Tyva)
Authors: Volkov Pavel V. , Mitko Oleg A. , Gubar Yuliy S. , Davydov Roman V. , Polovnikov Ivan S.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The article presents results of studying the elemental composition and manufacturing technology of turquoise jewelry found in barrow 1 of the Ak-Dag I burial ground of the early Scythian time. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the elemental composition of the mineral. The presence and ratio of the number of elements in the table indicates that the items are made of turquoise. The basic elements of the mineral include oxides of copper, phosphorus, aluminum and iron. A relatively large amount of iron oxide gives turquoise minerals a more saturated green color. The composition of the samples under study is extremely rich in zirconium, which allows us to identify the field where the raw material was obtained.
Results. A traceological study of the artifacts considered was based on the proven methodology of experimental-traceological analysis. As a result of experimental and technological research, we conclude that the process of manufacturing occurred in three stages. Initially, the formation of the main planes of the workpieces and grinding of the ends took place. At the second stage the artifacts were drilled, the starting points of drilling were located at the narrow ends of the items. The traces of work that are visible on the artifacts indicate the use of easel, high-speed drilling. At the third stage the artifacts were processed with a fine-grained abrasive, as a result of which the final products were given a smoothed shape.
Conclusion. In general, the production technology of the artifacts considered can be described as relatively perfect. There were closest analogues of the products from the Ak-Dag I site found in the same region. A similar method of inclined drilling was also used by the Scythians of Altai on their stone products.
A Field Archaeological School “Multidisciplinary Research of the Paleometal Era Multilayer Archaeological Assemblages” by Western Siberian Archaeological Detachment of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Mylnikova Lyudmila N. , Selin Dmitrii V.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. From July 1 to July 16, 2019, a base of the West Siberian archaeological detachment of IAE SB RAS in the Vengerovsky District of the Novosibirsk Region became the venue for the field archaeological school “Multidisciplinary research of the Paleometal era multilayer archaeological assemblages”. The school was organized for students, graduate students and young scientists from Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk State University, Tyumen State University, Altai State Pedagogical University, and Siberian Federal University.
Results. As part of the school, students attended nine lectures and participated in four master classes and workshops. The lectures were given by experts of the IAE SB RAS, namely academician V. I. Molodin, doctor of history L. N. Mylnikova, candidate of history I. A. Durakov, candidate of history N. S. Efremova, candidate of history L. S. Kobeleva, candidate of history M. S. Nesterova, candidate of history D. V. Selin. The listeners got acquainted with modern approaches and methods of excavating multilayer archaeological assemblages of the Paleometal era, methods of analyzing the data obtained and interdisciplinary methods for studying archaeological artifacts. Special master classes and participation in the excavation of the sites took place at two multilayer sites Tartas-1 and the burial ground Ust-Tartassky mounds (settlement Karier-Tai-1).
Conclusion. The students were exposed to various stages of site studies, such as sampling the horizons of the cultural layer, disassembling objects made for various purposes (pits, burials, foci, ditches), etc. University students obtained advanced training diplomas and certificates of completing a field course.
Identification of Bifacial Components in Middle Paleolithic Techno-Complexes (Based on the Chagyrskaya Cave Assemblages)
Authors: Kolobova Ksenia A. , Shalagina Alena V. , Markin Sergey V. , Krivoshapkin Andrey I.
Published: January 2020

Previously, occasional bifacial tools found in different industrial variants of the Altai Middle Paleolithic were not considered as cultural markers that could be used to differentiate the technological/cultural variants. They rather were a bright but situational manifestation of the typological variability, especially in the case of the Sibiryachikha assemblages.
Purpose. The article discusses various research approaches used to determine and evaluate the bifacial component in the Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblages, namely attributive analysis with a set of specific attributes, scar-pattern analysis and experimental modelling.
Results. As a result of recent studies at the site Chagyrskaya Cave, the key-site of Sibiryachikha, we found out that all the bifaces were made using plano-convex technology. In the Chagyrskaya Cave assemblage all stages of bifacial production have been noticed? including pre-forms, bifacial tools and tools made on bifacial thinning flakes, accompanied by numerous bifacial thinning flakes and bifacial thinning chips. Re-investigation of the Okladnikov assemblage should bring a new, previously unknown series of technical spalls related to the bifacial plano-convex technology. A similar situation is with Karabom complexes, where all bifacial tools are made using bi-convex bifacial technology. Thus, criteria for technological distinction of bifacial production are of special importance.
Conclusion. Our experiments have shown that the proportion of chips associated with bifacial production is much higher than it can be determined while analyzing archaeological assemblages. Taking in account the new data on bifacial technologies in the region, we conclude that variability of Middle Paleolithic complexes has become more complex. To evaluate the bifacial component in Paleolithic assemblages, all stages of bifacial flaking should be documented, including bifacial pre-forms, technical spalls related to bifacial reduction sequence, chips, blanks which demonstrate bifacial flaking errors and tools made on bifacial thinning flakes and bifacial tools. A complete set of bifacial production is present at the Chagyrskaya Cave assemblage due to the fact that the cave was constantly visited and had a sufficiently long habitation cycle as a source of raw materials. In the assemblage, a complete sequence of lithic raw material exploitation was processed. Taking into account the fact that Chagyrskaya Cave and Okladnikov Cave are associated only with Neanderthal remains, it can be assumed that bifacial plano-convex technology in the Middle Paleolithic of Altai is linked to Neanderthal population in the region.
Solvation and Speciation of Cobalt(II). A Theoretical X-Ray Absorption and RIXS Study
Authors: H. Allehyani Basmah , Hassan Walid I. , Aziz Saadullah , H. Hilal Rifaat , Kühn Oliver , Bokarev Sergey I.
Published: January 2020

The X-ray spectroscopic signatures of solvated Co2+ ions mimicking the aqueous solution of CoCl2 are investigated accounting for multiconfigurational as well as spin-orbit coupling effects. To this end the RASSCF/RASSI methodology with second order corrections due to dynamical correlation (RASPT2) is employed. Emphasis is put on the identification of spectral signatures of different species in octahedral, [Co(H2O)6-xClx](2-x)+, and tetrahedral, [Co(H2O)4-xClx](2-x)+,coordination. X-ray absorption spectra show distinct differences in the L3 band only. Here, the best agreement is obtained for the hexa-aqua complex [Co(H2O)6]2+. For better identification it is proposed to use RIXS spectroscopy, which shows pronounced species-dependent inelastic features.
Active Coacervate Droplets as a Model for Membraneless Organelles and a Platform Towards Synthetic Life
Authors: Donau Carsten , Späth Fabian , Sosson Marilyne , Kriebisch Brigitte , Schnitter Fabian , Tena-Solsona Marta , Kang Hyun-Seo , Salibi Elia , Sattler Michael , Mutschler Hannes , Boekhoven Job
Published: January 2020

Membraneless organelles like stress granules are active liquid-liquid phase-separated droplets that are involved in many intracellular processes. Their active and dynamic behavior is often regulated by ATP-dependent reactions. However, how exactly membraneless organelles control their dynamic composition remains poorly understood. Herein, we present a model for membraneless organelles based on RNA-containing active coacervate droplets regulated by a fuel-driven reaction cycle. These droplets emerge when fuel is present, but decay without. Moreover, we find these droplets can transiently up-concentrate functional RNA, and that this up-take is accelerated by the chemical reaction cycle. Finally, we show that in their pathway towards decay, these droplets self-divide asymmetrically. Self-division combined with emergence, decay, rapid exchange of building blocks, and functionality are all hallmarks of life, and we believe that our work could be a stepping stone towards its synthesis.
Surgical management of perforated bowel due to typhoid infection. What are the predictive factors for pre-operative diagnosis in the endemic area
Authors: Hussain Taher Abbas AL Baaj  , Ali Abdul Hussein Handoz  , Aws Rassul hussain Al-Salih
Published: January 2020

Perforated typhoid fever is a common cause of peritonitis in the endemic areas and associated with high mortality and morbidity if not managed properly. This prospective study included 75 patients with perforated bowel that operated upon in two years( 2017-2018) and other 29 cases of non-perforated typhoid enteritis presented as acute abdomen.  Of 75 cases, 13 (17%) presented as local peritonitis, while 63 (87%) as general peritonitis, which was confirmed by chest X-Ray/ gas under the diaphragm in 80%. 61(81%) patients were males. The age was 15-40 years in 54 (72%) patients. White Blood Cell count [WBC] is low or normal in all cases.  35(46%) patients were presented as an acute abdomen without fever. All patients had at least one perforation in the terminal ileum. There was single perforation in 47(62%) patients. The midline incisions were complicated by dehiscence in 15 (24%) of 54 cases and by wound infection in 35(64%).  Six(8%) cases were complicated by fecal fistula and 3(4%) patients unfortunately died. Wound infection complicated 4 (26%) of 15 cases of gridiron incisions, but no wound dehiscence or incisional hernia. Conclusion: WBC is helpful in the diagnosis of perforated bowel due to typhoid infection. This is important for the proper choice of an incision. Grid iron incision is associated with minimal complications and is preferred to the midline one. Acute diffuse peritonitis indicates perforation in almost all cases, but only one-third of local peritonitis caused by perforation. Early limited surgery and the proper choice of antibiotics according to local microbiologist opinion or culture decreased the mortality to 4%.
El trabajador del sector público: la renuncia obligatoria y la violación de los derechos laborales
Authors: Calle-Idrovo Nancy Beatriz
Published: January 2020

En la actualidad, en el Ecuador se ha implementado el Decreto Ejecutivo 813, en su artículo 8, el cual hace mención a la figura supuestamente jurídica de las “renuncias obligatorias”. Esta figura jurídica es una forma totalmente arbitraria e inconstitucional como forma oficial para despedir ilegalmente a los servidores públicos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación se enfoca en analizar la inconstitucionalidad del Decreto Ejecutivo 813 y cómo afecta a los derechos laborales de la servidora o servidor público. La metodología que se utilizó en la investigación ha sido cuali - cuantitativa, con enfoque descriptivo. El universo y la muestra estuvieron conformadas por 138 profesionales en libre ejercicio del Derecho en el cantón Cuenca, a quienes se les aplicó la técnica de la encuesta a través del cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos. De los resultados de la investigación de campo, se confirmó que la mayoría de los profesionales encuestados, se encuentran de acuerdo en que la disposición del Decreto Ejecutivo 813 en su artículo 8, es inconstitucional y contraria al derecho del trabajo que dispone la Constitución, lo cual les genera inseguridad jurídica en las y los servidores públicos ante la exigencia de una renuncia en forma obligatoria, que afecta a su estabilidad laboral pero también a sus ingresos económicos.
IMPLEMENTASI TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU SEKOLAH DI SMA NEGERI 1 SLAWI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Khikmah Nur , Sunandar Sunandar , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yakni, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunnakan alur reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan derajat kepercayaan dan triangulasi sumber dan metode.Dari hasil paparan data ditemukan sebagai berikut: (1) perencanaan (plan) Perencanaan diawali dari pembentukan tim pengembang sekolah (TPS) terdiri dari kepala sekolah, wakil-wakil kepala sekolah seperti waka kurikulum, waka kesiswaan, waka humas, waka sarana prasarana, waka manajemen mutu, kasubag TU, perwakilan guru senior dan komite dalam merumuskan program sekolah sesuai dengan visi dan misi sekolah. (2) Pelaksanaan rencana (do), Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran sebagian pendidik sudah menggunakan media dan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi sesuai dengan RPP yang dibuat pendidik di awal tahun ajaran, namun masih ada juga beberapa pendidik yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran secara konvensional.. (3) Pemeriksaan (check), di awal tahun ajaran baru sekolah mengadakan dengar pendapat umum (DPU) yang bertujuan untuk mereview dan mengevaluasi kegiatan sekolah selama setahun berjalan.. Evaluasi pembelajaran diaksanakan melalui penilaian harian, penilaian tengah semester (PTS) dan penilaian akhir semester (PAS). (4) Tindak lanjut/follow up (act), output pelanggan yang ada SMA Negeri 1 Slawi sudah cukup bersaing di perguruan tinggi favorit seperti UGM, ITB, UI, IPB, ITS, Undip, Unnes, UNY, UNJ, UIN dan perguruan tinggi kedinasan seperti STAN, STIS, STSN.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP PROFESIONALISME GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI SE KECAMATAN TENGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Ariyanti Ika , Miyono Noor , Retnaningdyastuti Retnaningdyastuti
Published: January 2020

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) guru menyusun RPP kurang inovatif,  (2) kepala sekolah belum melaksanakan pembagian tugas dan wewenang kepada guru secara merata, (3) suasana kerja di beberapa sekolah kurang kondusif.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahuipengaruh kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah terhadap profesionalisme guru, (2) mengetahui  pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap profesionalisme guru, (3) mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap profesionalisme guru SD Negeri se Kecamatan Tengaran Kabupaten Semarang.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SD Negeri se Kecamatan Tengaran Kabupaten Semarang yang berjumlah 230 orang, sampel sebanyak 146 guru yang ditetapkan dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis diskriptif, uji prasyarat, analisis regresi tunggal dan analisis regresi ganda yang dihitung menggunakan program SPSS for Windows versi 21. Temuan penelitian di atas meliputi: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah terhadap profesionalisme guru sebesar 35,6% dengan persamaan regresi Ŷ= 6,661 + 0,848 X1, (2) terdapat pengaruh positif iklim organisasi terhadap profesionalisme guru sebesar 4,8% dengan persamaan regresi  Ŷ= 81,252 + 0,382 X21, serta (3) terdapat pengaruh positif kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah dan iklim organisasi secara bersama-sama terhadap profesionalisme guru sebesar 35,2% dengan  persamaan regresi Ŷ =  5.992 + 0,844  X1 + 0,012 X2
Legal considerations about informed consent inside health field
Authors: Pacheco-Gómez Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Informed consent is a process by which people are previously informed in a clear, complete, truthful and timely manner about the disposition of their human body, in life or post-mortem, whether for therapeutic, teaching or research purposes. Is a legitimating principle of the biomedical act as guarantees respect for the autonomy of the patient and justifies the intervention of health personnel. There are various forms of externalization of informed consent, according to the stipulations of the regulatory framework. It is considered as an inherent obligation to the actions of the health care professional, so it is understood as an integral part of the lex artis. A brief review of its legal regulation and of the doctrinal elements is made in order to identify its mandatory and legal significance.
Progressive muscle relaxation to reduces chronic pain in hemodialysis patient
Authors: Hasbi Habid Al , Chayati Nur , Makiyah Sri Nabawiyah Nurul
Published: January 2020

Background: Hemodialysis is a kidney replacement therapy, but it has many complications identified, one of them is pain. Thus, we need non-pharmacological interventions that can be done by nurses, among them is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), which is economically-efficient and no side effects.Objective: To determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pain in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This is a quasi experimental design of time series design. The number of samples was 100 patients taken by simple random sampling. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) was given every day for 4 weeks. Research instrument  applied was Brief Pain Inventory. The data analysis employed independent t-test.Results: There was a decrease in pain level from week to week after the intervention, from the scale of 6 (moderate pain) to scale 3 (mild pain). There was a difference in the level of pain between the intervention group and the control group p <0.001.Conclusion: The therapy of non-pharmacological using a progressive muscle relaxation is proven to reduce pain in hemodialysis patients.
Instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva no ensino odontológico: reflexões sobre uma experiência
Authors: Lopes Alana Gail , Gregório Laísa Neves , Ferraz Júnior Antônio Márcio Lima , Martins Marcelo Tarcísio , Oliveira Rodrigo Guerra de , Silva Rinaldo Henrique Aguilar da , Oliveira Fabiana Aparecida Mayrink de
Published: January 2020

A avaliação cognitiva do desempenho acadêmico no curso de Odontologia tem sido feita de forma pouco padronizada, sem obedecer a uma ordem taxonômica de objetivos educacionais, gerando uma percepção distorcida da competência adquirida pelo aluno. Assim, apresentam-se os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados no curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (FCMS/JF) para provocar reflexões acerca da dinâmica das avaliações. Para tanto, o Núcleo de Avaliação da Odontologia (NAO) elaborou instrumentos avaliativos para construção de provas estruturadas (seis questões discursivas, em três diferentes níveis de taxonomia), um checklist para verificação das avaliações pelo NAO antes de ser entregue aos estudantes e a meta-avaliação, quando os discentes avaliam o conteúdo da prova, sua objetividade e clareza. Os três instrumentos, apresentados neste estudo, formam entre si uma dinâmica avaliativa que se repete duas vezes por semestre letivo, visando à melhoria do processo avaliativo dos educandos e, consequentemente, uma aprendizagem significativa. Desta forma, acredita-se que esses instrumentos avaliativos, dentro da dinâmica semestral, podem contribuir para uma melhor percepção da competência cognitiva adquirida pelos acadêmicos de Odontologia.
Yerel Kamu Hizmetleri Bağlamında Etkililik Ölçüm Göstergelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇAKMAK BARSBAY Mehtap , ÖKTEM M. Kemal
Published: January 2020

Yerel yönetimlerin farklı boyutlar açısından etkin ve etkili olarak değerlendirilmeleri, mevcut kaynakların doğru kullanılmasına, hizmet geliştirmeye ve çeşitlendirmeye, yenilikçi yönetim yaklaşımlarının uygulanmasına, sosyal-politik çevreyi oluşturan hizmetten yararlananların ihtiyaçlarına daha çok odaklanmaya bağlıdır. Mevcut girdilerin en uygun şekilde bir araya getirilip yönlendirilmemesi, genel olarak yerel kaynakların yetersizliği ya da yanlış kaynak tahsisi olarak açıklanmaktadır. Yerelde hizmet götürülen vatandaşların ve yerel baskı gruplarının beklentileri, yerel yönetimlerin de vatandaş odaklılık yönünde hizmet etme taahhütleri hem ekonomik hem de genel bir sosyo-politik performansın ortaya konulmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Yerelde kamu hizmetlerinin kamu yararı dengesini gözetmesi beklenir. Bu doğrultuda yerel hizmetlerin, salt ekonomik göstergelerden bağımsız ve etkili sunulmamasının tüm paydaşlar açısından sosyal maliyeti olmakta, bu durum hem ekonomik anlamda kaynak israfına hem de hizmet götürülen kesimin, yerel yönetimlere karşı güveninin azalmasına ve nihayeten toplumun desteğini kaybetmelerine neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yerel yönetimlerin, sundukları hizmetlerin etkililik sorununu irdelemektir. Bu kapsamda, yerel yönetim etkililiği, verimlilik, sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-politik göstergeler bağıntısı incelenmekte, vatandaşın günlük hayat kalitesine etkisi değerlendirilmekte ve vatandaşların ihtiyaçları temelinde bazı göstergelerin kullanımı önerilmektedir.
The last surviving Thalassochelydia—A new turtle cranium from the Early Cretaceous of the Purbeck Group (Dorset, UK)
Authors: Anquetin Jérémy , André Charlotte
Published: January 2020

Background. The mostly Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) Purbeck Group of southern England has produced a rich turtle fauna dominated by the freshwater paracryptodires Pleurosternon bullockii and Dorsetochelys typocardium. Each of these species is known by numerous relatively complete shells and by a single cranium. The two other turtles found in the Purbeck Group (Hylaeochelys belli, a species of uncertain affinities, and the terrestrial helochelydrid "Helochelydra" anglica) are known only from shell remains.Methods. In the present contribution, we describe a new turtle cranium from the Purbeck Group of Swanage, Dorset (southern England). We also explore the phylogenetic relationships of this new cranium and of Hylaeochelys belli in the context of a recently published global turtle matrix.Results. Before complete preparation, the new Purbeck cranium was provisionally referred to Dorsetochelys typocardium, but our analysis clearly contradicts a referral to this species in particular and to paracryptodires in general. In contrast, the new cranium shares a number of features with the Late Jurassic, coastal marine Thalassochelydia, including a posterolaterally open foramen palatinum posterius, a strong ridge on the posterior surface of the processus articularis of the quadrate, a strong posterior orientation of the processus articularis in ventral view, and a processus trochlearis oticum limited to the medial part of the otic chamber and bordered by a deep recess laterally. Our phylogenetic analysis confirms a placement of the new Purbeck cranium within the clade Thalassochelydia.Discussion. In terms of morphology, the new Purbeck cranium does not correspond to any known taxon. However, we refrain from naming a new species based on it because there is a good chance that this cranium actually belongs to the shell-based species Hylaeochelys belli (also recovered as a thalassochelydian in our phylogenetic analysis). Unfortunately, we lack any objective evidence to support this conclusion for the moment. In any case, the new Purbeck cranium confirms what others have previously suggested based on Hylaeochelys belli: thalassochelydian turtles survived the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition.
Nothing Going On? Exploring the Role of Missed Events in Changes in Subjective Well-Being and the Big Five Personality Traits
Authors: Luhmann Maike , Buecker Susanne , Kaiser Till , Beermann Mira
Published: January 2020

Objective: Missed events are defined as the nonoccurrence of expected major life events within a specified time frame. We examined whether missed events should be studied in research on growth by exploring the role of missed events for changes in subjective well-being (SWB) and the Big Five personality traits. Method: The samples were selected from two nationally representative panel studies, the German Socioeconomic Panel Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS, total N = 6,638) and the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel (LISS, Ns between 4,262 and 5,749). Rank-order stability and mean-level change were analyzed using regression and mixed models. Type I error probability was reduced by using conservative thresholds for level of significance and minimal effect size.Results: Expected but missed events were more frequent than actually experienced events. For SWB, rank-order stability tended to be lower among those who experienced a missed event than among those who did not. For the Big Five personality traits, significant differences between those who did and those who did not experience a missed event were rare and unsystematic. Conclusion: Missed events merit more attention in future research on growth and personality change, but the effects are probably weak.
Capturing environmental dimensions of adversity and resources in the context of poverty across infancy through early adolescence: A moderated nonlinear factor model
Authors: DeJoseph Meriah Lee , Sifre Robin , Raver Cybele , Blair Clancy B. , Berry Daniel
Published: January 2020

Income, education, and cumulative-risk indices likely obscure meaningful heterogeneity in the mechanisms through which poverty impacts child outcomes. The present study draws from contemporary theory to specify multiple dimensions of poverty-related adversity and resources, with the aim of better capturing these nuances. Using data from the Family Life Project (N=1,292), we leveraged moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA; Bauer, 2017) to establish group- and longitudinally-invariant environmental measures from infancy to early adolescence. Results indicated three latent factors—material deprivation, psychosocial threat, and sociocognitive resources—were distinct from each other and from family income. Measures exhibited minimal to moderate non-invariance across site, racial group, and development and showed convergent and discriminate relations with age-twelve criterion measures. Implications for ensuring socioculturally-valid measurements of poverty are discussed.