bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Multimodal Omics Data Integration: Paving the Path for the Next Frontier in Precision Medicine
Authors: Nam Yonghyun , Kim Jaesik , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Woerner Jakob , Suh Erica H. , Lee Dong-gi , Shivakumar Manu , Lee Matthew E. , Kim Dokyoon
Published: May 2024

The integration of multiomics data with detailed phenotypic insights from electronic health records marks a paradigm shift in biomedical research, offering unparalleled holistic views into health and disease pathways. This review delineates the current landscape of multimodal omics data integration, emphasizing its transformative potential in generating a comprehensive understanding of complex biological systems. We explore robust methodologies for data integration, ranging from concatenation-based to transformation-based and network-based strategies, designed to harness the intricate nuances of diverse data types. Our discussion extends from incorporating large-scale population biobanks to dissecting high-dimensional omics layers at the single-cell level. The review underscores the emerging role of large language models in artificial intelligence, anticipating their influence as a near-future pivot in data integration approaches. Highlighting both achievements and hurdles, we advocate for a concerted effort toward sophisticated integration models, fortifying the foundation for groundbreaking discoveries in precision medicine.
Fiscal Federalism in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Agrawal David R. , Brueckner Jan K. , Brülhart Marius
Published: May 2024

Fiscal federalism concerns the division of policy responsibilities among different levels of government. Many current economic and policy developments, such as globalization, environmental crises, and rising inequality, may not appear to be favorable to fiscal federalism, yet countries are further decentralizing their fiscal systems. We summarize the efficiency and equity aspects of fiscal decentralization, fiscal competition, fiscal externalities, and intergovernmental grants. The review introduces readers to theoretical reasons for/against a federalist structure. We discuss how federalism relates to classic problems in economics: externalities, inequality, spillovers, information, and aspects of political economy. Our review integrates both theory and empirics, while also focusing on the variety of federal systems in different countries, both developing and developed. We conclude by discussing how fiscal federalism is being shaped by economic, technological, and environmental changes, while discussing the effects of globalization, polarization, and global crises on the future of federal systems.
Nutritional Challenges and Treatment After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Moize Violeta , Laferrère Blandine , Shapses Sue
Published: May 2024

Bariatric surgery is an important weight loss tool in individuals with severe obesity. It is currently the most effective long-term weight loss treatment that lowers obesity-related comorbidities. It also has significant physiological and nutritional consequences that can result in gastrointestinal complications and micronutrient deficiencies. After gastric bypass, clinical events that negatively affect nutritional status include malabsorption, dumping syndrome, kidney stones, altered intestinal bile acid availability, bowel obstruction, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and bacterial overgrowth. Risk factors for poor nutritional status and excessive loss of lean body mass and bone include reduced dietary quality and inadequate intake, altered nutrient absorption, and poor patient compliance with nutrient supplementation. There are unique concerns in adolescents, older individuals, and individuals who become pregnant postoperatively. With careful management, health-care professionals can assist with long-term weight loss success and minimize the risk of acute and long-term nutrition complications after bariatric surgery.
Selected and shared hematological responses to apnea in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)
Authors: Brown Courtney V. , McKnight J. Chris , Bain Anthony R. , Tremblay Joshua C. , Patrician Alexander , McDonald Birgitte I. , Williams Cassondra L. , Hindle Allyson G. , Pallin Logan J. , Costa Daniel P. , Dujic Zeljko , Macleod David B. , Williams Terrie M. , Ponganis Paul J. , Ainslie Philip N.
Published: May 2024

This study uses similar methods and protocols in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals. Using highly conditioned divers (elite free-diving humans) and highly adapted divers (northern elephant seals), we explored which hematological traits are fundamentally mammalian and which may have been selected for. We found differences in P50, which may be due to different physiological environments between species, while elevated pH buffering and carbon monoxide levels might have been selected for in seals.
From Rarity to Reality: Osimertinib’s Promising Horizon in Treating Uncommon EGFR Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fukuda Akito , Okuma Yusuke
Published: May 2024

In the realm of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), addressing optimal treatment for uncommon EGFR mutations like G719X in exon 18, S768I in exon 20, and L861Q in exon 21 remains a pivotal yet challenging frontier. Contrary to the well-established efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in common EGFR mutations, these uncommon alterations pose unmet medical needs due to a lack of comprehensive evidence. While afatinib, a second-generation EGFR-TKI, has received FDA approval for patients with these uncommon EGFR mutations, the approval was based on a post-hoc analysis of randomized clinical trials. Recent developments include multiple clinical trials investigating the efficacy of both second- and third-generation EGFR-TKIs in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. A noteworthy example is a prospective phase II trial of osimertinib including the landmark UNICORN study, which has shown promising results in treating uncommon EGFR mutations. Despite various reports on the efficacy of afatinib and osimertinib in treating uncommon EGFR mutations, the appropriate use of these TKIs remains unclear. This review aims to consolidate the findings from the latest clinical trials focused on uncommon EGFR mutations, outlining variations in the therapeutic efficacy of these TKIs based on the specific genetic mutation. By synthesizing these findings, we aim to guide oncologists toward more informed decisions in employing TKIs for NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations other than exon 20 insertion. Additionally, we explore potential treatment strategies tailored to these patient populations to address the challenges posed by these mutations.
FIGURE 1 from Perceived Appropriateness of Assessing for Health-related Socioeconomic Risks Among Adult Patients with Cancer
Authors: Vu Milkie , Boyd Kelly , De Marchis Emilia H. , Garnache Bridgette G. , Gottlieb Laura M. , Gross Cary P. , Lee Nita K. , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Mun Sophia , Winslow Victoria A. , Makelarski Jennifer A.
Published: May 2024

Prevalence of HRSRs among a sample of patients with cancer (N = 154).
Supplementary Figure S4 from Pharmacologic Targeting of Histone H3K27 Acetylation/BRD4-dependent Induction of ALDH1A3 for Early-phase Drug Tolerance of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Jin , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Yamamoto Noriko , Morino Shun , Inaba Saori , Nakamura Ayane , Kumagai Koshi , Wakatsuki Takeru , Takeuchi Kengo , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

BET inhibitors suppress ALDH1A3 upregulation and preferentially inhibit DTP cell growth
Supplementary Figure S3 from Pharmacologic Targeting of Histone H3K27 Acetylation/BRD4-dependent Induction of ALDH1A3 for Early-phase Drug Tolerance of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Jin , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Yamamoto Noriko , Morino Shun , Inaba Saori , Nakamura Ayane , Kumagai Koshi , Wakatsuki Takeru , Takeuchi Kengo , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Distribution and implication of H3K27ac marks in 5-FU-tolerant persister JSC15-3 cells
Supplementary Figure S2 from Pharmacologic Targeting of Histone H3K27 Acetylation/BRD4-dependent Induction of ALDH1A3 for Early-phase Drug Tolerance of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Jin , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Yamamoto Noriko , Morino Shun , Inaba Saori , Nakamura Ayane , Kumagai Koshi , Wakatsuki Takeru , Takeuchi Kengo , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Establishment of ALDH1A3-GFP knock-in JSC15-3 cells to evaluate ALDH1A3 induction after anticancer drug treatment
Multi-omics Analysis of a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Trial Identifies Novel Aspects of Acute GVHD Pathogenesis
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Ebadi Maryam , Rehman Tauseef U. , Elhusseini Heba , Kazadi David , Halaweish Hossam , Khan Mohammad H. , Hoeschen Andrea , Cao Qing , Luo Xianghua , Kabage Amanda J. , Lopez Sharon , Ramamoorthy Sivapriya , Holtan Shernan G. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Khoruts Alexander , Staley Christopher
Published: May 2024

Acute GVHD (aGVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) associated with gut microbiota disruptions. However, whether therapeutic microbiota modulation prevents aGVHD is unknown. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of third-party fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) administered at the peak of microbiota injury in 100 patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving induction chemotherapy and alloHCT recipients. Despite improvements in microbiome diversity, expansion of commensals, and shrinkage of potential pathogens, aGVHD occurred more frequently after FMT than placebo. Although this unexpected finding could be explained by clinical differences between the two arms, we asked whether a microbiota explanation might be also present. To this end, we performed multi-omics analysis of preintervention and postintervention gut microbiome and serum metabolome. We found that postintervention expansion of Faecalibacterium, a commensal genus with gut-protective and anti-inflammatory properties under homeostatic conditions, predicted a higher risk for aGVHD. Faecalibacterium expansion occurred predominantly after FMT and was due to engraftment of unique donor taxa, suggesting that donor Faecalibacterium-derived antigens might have stimulated allogeneic immune cells. Faecalibacterium and ursodeoxycholic acid (an anti-inflammatory secondary bile acid) were negatively correlated, offering an alternative mechanistic explanation. In conclusion, we demonstrate context dependence of microbiota effects where a normally beneficial bacteria may become detrimental in disease. While FMT is a broad, community-level intervention, it may need precision engineering in ecologically complex settings where multiple perturbations (e.g., antibiotics, intestinal damage, alloimmunity) are concurrently in effect.

Significance:

Post-FMT expansion of Faecalibacterium, associated with donor microbiota engraftment, predicted a higher risk for aGVHD in alloHCT recipients. Although Faecalibacterium is a commensal genus with gut-protective and anti-inflammatory properties under homeostatic conditions, our findings suggest that it may become pathogenic in the setting of FMT after alloHCT. Our results support a future trial with precision engineering of the FMT product used as GVHD prophylaxis after alloHCT.
Interaction of Statherin-Derived Peptide with the Surface of Hydroxyapatite: Perspectives Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Ferrari Carolina Ruis , de Oliveira Tiago Espinosa , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Netz Paulo Augusto
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Statherin-derived peptide (StatpSpS) has shown promise against erosive tooth wear. To elucidate its interaction with the hydroxyapatite (HAP) surface, the mechanism related to adsorption of this peptide with HAP was investigated through nanosecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Methods: StatpSpS was positioned parallel to the HAP surface in 2 orientations: 1 – neutral and negative residues facing the surface and 2 – positive residues facing the surface. A system containing StatpSpS without HAP was also simulated as control. In the case of systems with HAP, both partially restrained surface and unrestrained surface were constructed. Structural analysis, interaction pattern, and binding-free energy were calculated. Results: In the peptide system without the HAP, there were some conformational changes during the simulation. In the presence of the surface, only moderate changes were observed. Many residues exhibited short and stable distances to the surface, indicating strong interaction. Specially, the residues ASP1 and SER2 have an important role to anchor the peptide to the surface, with positively charged residues, mainly arginine, playing a major role in the further stabilization of the peptide in an extended conformation, with close contacts to the HAP surface. Conclusion: The interaction between StatpSpS and HAP is strong, and the negative charged residues are important to the anchoring of the peptide in the surface, but after the initial placement the peptide rearranges itself to maximize the interactions between positive charged residues.
Influence of Speech Rate on Auditory Recognition in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Faria de Sousa Aline , Costa Lucas Bevilacqua Alves da , Costa Maristela Julio , Brito Neto Rubens V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to verify the influence of speech stimulus presentation and speed on auditory recognition in cochlear implant (CI) users with poorer performance. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study applied auditory speech perception tests to fifteen adults, using three different ways of presenting the stimulus, in the absence of competitive noise: monitored live voice (MLV); recorded speech at typical speed (RSTS); recorded speech at slow speed (RSSS). The scores were assessed using the Percent Sentence Recognition Index (PSRI). The data were inferentially analysed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: The mean age was 41.1 years, the mean duration of CI use was 11.4 years, and the mean hearing threshold was 29.7 ± 5.9 dBHL. Test performance, as determined by the PSRI, was MLV = 42.4 ± 17.9%; RSTS = 20.3 ± 14.3%; RSSS = 40.6 ± 20.7%. There was a significant difference identified for RSTS compared to MLV and RSSS. Conclusion: The way the stimulus is presented and the speed at which it is presented enable greater auditory speech recognition in CI users, thus favouring comprehension when the tests are applied in the MLV and RSSS modalities.
Olfactory Dysfunction and Long-Term Trajectories of Sleep Disorders among early Parkinson’s Disease: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort
Authors: Ye Meijie , Ji Qianqian , Liu Qi , Xu Yue , Tao Enxiang , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: May 2024

Background: Previous studies have suggested a connection between impaired olfactory function and an increased risk of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the potential impact of olfactory dysfunction on the long-term patterns of sleep disorders among early PD patients. Methods: Data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative program included 589 participants with assessments of sleep disorders using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ). Olfactory dysfunction at baseline was measured using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Trajectories of sleep disorders over a 5-year follow-up were identified using group-based trajectory modeling, and the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and sleep disorder trajectories was examined through binomial logistic regression. Results: Two distinct trajectories of sleep disorders over the 5-year follow-up period were identified, characterized by maintaining a low or high ESS score and a low or high RBDSQ score. An inversion association was observed between olfactory function measures and trajectories of excessive daytime sleepiness (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95, 1.00, p = 0.038), after controlling for potential covariates. Similarly, olfactory function showed a significant association with lower trajectories of probable RBD (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94, 0.98, p = 0.001) among early PD individuals. Consistent findings were replicated across alternative analytical models. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that olfactory dysfunction was associated with unfavorable long-term trajectories of sleep disorders among early PD.
Effects of Phloroglucinol on Embryo Transfer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Rui , Lin Jinli , Liu Yao , Zhang Linhao , Li Xueying
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Phloroglucinol may be able to improve embryo transfer outcomes. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of phloroglucinol on embryo transfer outcomes. Methods: The databases searched were PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Wanfang, CQVIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The last search was on February 7, 2023. The included studies were written in English or Chinese. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies aiming to assess the effect of phloroglucinol on embryo transfer outcomes were included. The studies reported at least one of the primary outcomes (biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A random-effects or fixed model was used where applicable to estimate the results. Results: Seventeen articles reporting 5,953 cycles were included. Biochemical pregnancy rate (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.20–2.08, I2 = 71%), clinical pregnancy rate (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.35–2.10, I2 = 64%), and live birth rate (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23–1.71, I2 = 36%) were improved by phloroglucinol. Less miscarriage (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.35–0.60, I2 = 0%), less ectopic pregnancy (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.72, I2 = 0%), higher implantation rate (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24–1.71, I2 = 62%) but more multiple pregnancy rate (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.13–1.94, I2 = 0%) were induced by phloroglucinol. Endometrial peristaltic waves were improved by phloroglucinol (OR = 22.87, 95% CI = 5.52–94.74, I2 = 72%). Conclusion: Phloroglucinol may improve the outcomes of embryo transfer, including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. Further studies are warranted.
The inflammatory response induced by Aspergillus fumigatus conidia is dependent on complement activation - Insight from a whole blood model
Authors: Fageräng Beatrice , Götz Maximilian Peter , Cyranka Leon , Lau Corinna , Nilsson Per H. , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Garred Peter
Published: May 2024

Introduction: We aimed to elucidate the inflammatory response of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in a whole-blood model of innate immune activation and to compare it with the well-characterized inflammatory reaction to E. coli.

Methods: Employing a human lepirudin whole-blood model, we analyzed complement and leukocyte activation by measuring the sC5b-9 complex and assessing CD11b expression. A 27-multiplex system was used for quantification of cytokines. Selective cell removal from whole blood and inhibition of C3, C5, and CD14 were also applied.

Results: Our findings demonstrated a marked elevation in sC5b-9 and CD11b post-A. fumigatus incubation. Thirteen cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFNγ, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, FGF-basic, and G-CSF) showed increased levels. A generally lower level of cytokine release and CD11b expression was observed with A. fumigatus conidia than with E. coli. Notably, monocytes were instrumental in releasing all cytokines except MCP-1. IL-1ra was found to be both monocyte and granulocyte-dependent. Pre-inhibiting with C3 and CD14 inhibitors resulted in decreased release patterns for six cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α and MIP-1β), with minimal effects by C5-inhibition.

Conclusion: A. fumigatus conidia induced complement activation comparable to E. coli, whereas CD11b expression and cytokine release were lower, underscoring distinct inflammatory responses between these pathogens. Complement C3 inhibition attenuated cytokine release indicating a C3-level role of complement in A. fumigatus immunity.
The utility of magnetic resonance enterography and double balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic balloon dilatation for small bowel strictures in Crohn’s disease: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Arzivian Arteen , Alrubaie Ahmad , Yang Jessica , Lin Huiyu , Zhang Eva , Leong Rupert
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) of the small bowel is associated with a severe course and increased risk of complications. Strictures at this location are challenging to diagnose and out-of-reach of colonoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the detection rate of small bowel strictures with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and assess the efficacy of double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic balloon dilatation (DBE-assisted EBD) in managing these strictures.
Methods: A retrospective study included all patients with DBE-assisted EBD of small bowel strictures in CD in our facility. All patients had MRE to detect strictures prior to the dilatation. Sequential dilatation protocol was performed using through-the-scope (TTS) working channel balloons. The outcomes included technical success defined by the passage of the enteroscope post-dilatation, resolution of symptoms and the requirement of repeated procedures or surgery during 12 months of follow-up.
Results: 20 DBE-assisted EBDs of small bowel strictures were attempted during 13 DBE procedures in 10 patients (6 males, median age 42). MRE identified 75% of the strictures with 100% accuracy in localisation. Retrograde DBE was the approach in 16/20 (80%) strictures. Anesthetic intubation was used in 8/20 (40%). DBE reached 19/20 strictures. All the reached strictures were dilated successfully; the technical success following dilatation was 72.2%. The median DBE insertion time with TTS balloon dilatation was 66 minutes. Three patients required follow-up dilatations within 2-3 months. Surgery was not needed during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: MRE is essential in diagnosing and localising small bowel strictures in CD. DBE reached 95% of strictures with successful dilatation. Immediate technical success was high, and safety was demonstrated. Planned repeat procedures for sequential dilatation were performed in a few patients. Surgical resection was avoided in all patients.
The effect of lavender aromatherapy and deep breathing exercise on anxietas level in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Retnaningsih Dwi , Jumiati Jumiati , Prihati Dyah Restuning
Published: May 2024

Chronic kidney failure is a chronic disease that requires treatment and hemodialysis therapy. Hemodialysis therapy has physical and psychological impacts on patients, such as stress. Patients who experience stress require management techniques such as lavender aromatherapy and deep breathing relaxation. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of lavender aromatherapy and deep breathing relaxation on patients receiving hemodialysis who were experiencing the stress of chronic kidney failure. The study's quasi-experimental design includes two groups for the pretest and posttest. The 32 patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis made up the research sample; 16 of them participated in the lavender aromatherapy intervention and 16 were part of the deep breathing relaxation group. The research instrument used is the perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaire. With a p-value of 0.000, data analysis employing an independent t-test reveals a difference between the deep breathing relaxation and lavender aromatherapy interventions on the stress of chronic renal failure patients receiving hemodialysis. Lavender aromatherapy and breathing relaxation can reduce stress in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Lavender aromatherapy reduces stress in chronic kidney failure patients more effectively than deep breathing relaxation. Lavender aromatherapy can be an alternative therapy to reduce stress while undergoing hemodialysis.
The effect of using method timer media on reducing eye fatigue industry workers
Authors: Santi Ratna Estika , Muryani Sri , Kasjono Heru Subaris
Published: May 2024

The outcomes of an initial research on eye fatigue in the Digital Industry in Yogyakarta, Indonesia revealed that 76% of the employees encountered complaints of eye fatigue as a result of prolonged computer usage. Eye fatigue is considered one of the parameters of office ergonomics in accordance with Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 48 of 2016. One method recommended by this regulation to mitigate eye fatigue is to incorporate short breaks using the 20-20-20 technique. However, a considerable number of workers tend to disregard these recommendations, necessitating the use of media reminders, such as timers, to enforce discipline among workers. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of employing a timer-based media using the 20-20-20 method on the reduction of eye fatigue. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. In this research, a total of forty workers were selected as the sample population and subsequently divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. Sampling was conducted to select a total of 20 workers for each group through purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Sign test and Mann-Whitney test, with a significance threshold of 95% (α=0.05). The results of the statistical tests conducted in both the intervention and control groups revealed a significant difference in reducing eye fatigue, with a p-value of 0.041. This research concludes that the utilization of the 20-20-20 method timer media has a significant effect on reducing eye fatigue among workers.
Impact of usage of electronic devices on sleep quality among healthcare professions students in Ajman, UAE
Authors: Abouelenen Shahd , Kayali Zeina , Hamra Tariq , Bessila Dania , Sreedharan Jayadevan
Published: May 2024

Due to the advancement in technology, people are using various electronic devices. People using electronics and the internet at inappropriate times may have a harder time falling asleep and have less sleep duration, and the sharp rise in electronic device use has numerous adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of the usage of electronic devices on sleep and also to determine the factors influencing sleep among healthcare professions students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The association was assessed using the Chi-square test and simple binary logistic regression to identify the factors. Of the total 446, 36.4% reported not having problems during the past month in getting to sleep within 30 minutes. Internet use at school during a typical weekday, 22.2% use 2-4 hours a day; outside of school during a typical weekday, 24.7% use >6 hours. 34.3% use the internet >6 hours outside of school on weekends. The crude OR observed was 4.1, 3.7, 3.6 and 3.9 for 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, >6 hours respectively which is statistically significant. Factors that showed statistical significance for sleep duration were nationality and internet use outside the school during a typical weekend day. For how long it takes to fall asleep, the age group was the factor that showed statistical significance.
Innovation diffusion in healthcare: evaluating the 'post-treatment' approach in Indonesia
Authors: Patrisia Novliza Eka , Warsono Hardi , Kismartini Kismartini , Shinta Dewi Reni
Published: May 2024

This article aims to describe and qualitatively analyze the diffusion of innovation in healthcare services, specifically focusing on post-treatment healthcare services in the city of Bengkulu, Indonesia. Based on the innovation diffusion theory and incorporating the theory of reasoned action (TRA), this research explores behavior in the process of organizing and implementing healthcare services to enhance the quality of public services in Bengkulu. The study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach, utilizing data sources such as interviews, direct field observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that knowledge serves as the primary foundation in the diffusion of innovation in healthcare services. In the context of post-treatment services, the community lacks knowledge about these services. The findings of this research are expected to provide insights for the local government of Bengkulu, particularly Harapan dan Doa Hospital (RSHD) in Bengkulu, as a healthcare service provider. Through knowledge dissemination among all stakeholders supporting innovation diffusion, each can play their respective roles. Consequently, with knowledge playing a key role in the diffusion of innovation in healthcare services, it is anticipated that it will enhance the quality of healthcare services through effective and efficient service delivery, with a focus on the goals of innovation.
Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the chronic otitis media questionnaire-12
Authors: Fakhriani Rizka , Widuri Asti , Yudistira Danu
Published: May 2024

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a pathological disorder affecting the ear, characterized by a persistent and long-lasting middle ear infection accompanied by the absence of an intact tympanic membrane. Multiple measures can be employed to evaluate the quality of life among patients with CSOM. One such instrument is the chronic otitis media questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12), which has demonstrated satisfactory levels of validity and reliability. The utilization of the COMQ-12 questionnaire has the potential to improve the quality of life experienced by CSOM patients. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian adaptation instrument of the COMQ-12 in patients with CSOM in the Otorhinolaryngology department of multiple hospitals in Yogyakarta. The study was conducted from February to July 2023. The study comprised 48 participants, consisting of 16 males and 32 females. The adapted Indonesian version of the COMQ-12 instrument demonstrates validity and reliability in assessing patients' quality of life with CSOM, as evidenced by a statistically significant r-value of 0.2353. The internal consistency analysis reveals that Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.868. The Indonesian adaptation of the COMQ-12 demonstrates validity and reliability as an assessment tool for measuring the health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with CSOM.
Maternal factors associated with stunting among children under two years in South Nias, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Tarigan Yenni Gustiani , Zendrato Arisman , Purba Agnes , Sinaga Taruli
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey 2022 reported that the prevalence of stunted children in South Nias, a district in North Sumatera, was 27.2%, higher than the regional and national prevalence of stunting. Stunting can be caused by many factors including maternal nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, and inadequate food intake. This research aims is to analyze the relationship between maternal factors and cases of stunting in children under two years at Somambawa Community Health Center, South Nias Regency. It was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. Using a total sampling technique, 72 mothers with children under two years were included in the study. Exact fisher statistical and logical regression tests were carried out in bivariate and multivariate analyses. This study found that there was a significant relationship between antenatal care visits (p-value=0.000) and exclusive breastfeeding (p-value=0.000) with stunting in children under two years old. Exclusive breastfeeding was the most dominant predictor of stunting in the study, namely 84 times (p-value=0.000; OR 84.00). Meanwhile, complementary feeding and knowledge did not show a significant relationship with stunting. Therefore, health education to provide information and knowledge about stunting, especially about exclusive breastfeeding and complementary food for babies is suggested.
Pedagogía integral: ruptura con la tradicionalidad del proceso de enseñanza de la matemática
Authors: Rodríguez Milagros Helena
Published: May 2024

La enseñanza de la Matemática no escapa de la crisis educativa de la pedagogía tradicional, que la aleja de la vida del estudiante, al incrementar el reduccionismo, la fragmentación, entre otros factores que conducen a esta ciencia a un aislamiento en la vida del discente. Esta investigación, en la que se desarrolla una metodología hermenéutica, tiene como fin promover la pedagogía integral a partir de la ruptura con la pedagogía tradicional en la enseñanza de la Matemática. La pedagogía integral es totalizadora del saber y, como apoyo emergente de la enseñanza de esta disciplina, redefine la relación sujeto-sujeto en las aulas. Es así como el papel del profesor que ejerce el poder del conocimiento y el del estudiante que copia quedan caducados, y a cambio, se ejerce una Matemática viva que se construye día a día en el contexto y en las vivencias de los estudiantes.
Homenaje a Eloisa Vasco
Authors: de Tezános Aracely , Victoria Alvarado Sara
Published: May 2024

A la partida de la maestra Eloísa Vasco, el pasado 22 de mayo, Aletheia, la revista de las maestrías de CINDE, quiere recordarla y brindarle un homenaje a través de las palabras de dos mujeres fundamentales en la formación de Magister en el Desarrollo educativo, social y humano en Colombia.
Incidence and Survival of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Public Housing Areas in 3 European Capitals
Authors: Juul Grabmayr Anne , Folke Fredrik , Samsoee Kjoelbye Julie , Andelius Linn , Krammel Mario , Ettl Florian , Sulzgruber Patrick , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Sasson Comilla , Stieglis Remy , van Schuppen Hans , Tan Hanno L. , van der Werf Christian , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Kjær Ersbøll Annette , Malta Hansen Carolina
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Strategies to reach out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (called cardiac arrest) in residential areas and reduce disparities in care and outcomes are warranted. This study investigated incidences of cardiac arrests in public housing areas.

METHODS:

This register-based cohort study included cardiac arrest patients from Amsterdam (the Netherlands) from 2016 to 2021, Copenhagen (Denmark) from 2016 to 2021, and Vienna (Austria) from 2018 to 2021. Using Poisson regression adjusted for spatial correlation and city, we compared cardiac arrest incidence rates (number per square kilometer per year and number per 100 000 inhabitants per year) in public housing and other residential areas and examined the proportion of cardiac arrests within public housing and adjacent areas (100-m radius).

RESULTS:

Overall, 9152 patients were included of which 3038 (33.2%) cardiac arrests occurred in public housing areas and 2685 (29.3%) in adjacent areas. In Amsterdam, 635/1801 (35.3%) cardiac arrests occurred in public housing areas; in Copenhagen, 1036/3077 (33.7%); and in Vienna, 1367/4274 (32.0%). Public housing areas covered 42.4 (12.6%) of 336.7 km
2
and 1 024 470 (24.6%) of 4 164 700 inhabitants. Across the capitals, we observed a lower probability of 30-day survival in public housing versus other residential areas (244/2803 [8.7%] versus 783/5532 [14.2%]). The incidence rates and rate ratio of cardiac arrest in public housing versus other residential areas were incidence rate, 16.5 versus 4.1 n/km
2
per year; rate ratio, 3.46 (95% CI, 3.31–3.62) and incidence rate, 56.1 versus 36.8 n/100 000 inhabitants per year; rate ratio, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.42–1.55). The incidence rates and rate ratios in public housing versus other residential areas were consistent across the 3 capitals.

CONCLUSIONS:

Across 3 European capitals, one-third of cardiac arrests occurred in public housing areas, with an additional third in adjacent areas. Public housing areas exhibited consistently higher cardiac arrest incidences per square kilometer and 100 000 inhabitants and lower survival than other residential areas. Public housing areas could be a key target to improve cardiac arrest survival in countries with a public housing sector.
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition, an Emergent Treatment for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Mwesigwa Naome , Shibao Cyndya A.
Published: May 2024

The NET (norepinephrine transporter) is situated in the prejunctional plasma membrane of noradrenergic neurons. It is responsible for >90% of the norepinephrine uptake that is released in the autonomic neuroeffector junction. Inhibitors of this cell membrane transporter, known as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), are commercially available for the treatment of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These agents increase norepinephrine levels, potentiating its action in preganglionic and postganglionic adrenergic neurons, the latter through activation of α-1 adrenoreceptors. Previous studies found that patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension can improve standing blood pressure and reduce symptoms of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension after a single administration of the selective NRI atomoxetine. This effect was primarily observed in patients with impaired central autonomic pathways with otherwise normal postganglionic sympathetic fibers, known as multiple system atrophy. Likewise, patients with normal or high norepinephrine levels may benefit from NRIs. The long-term efficacy of NRIs for the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension–related symptoms is currently under investigation. In summary, an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension resulted in the discovery of a new therapeutic pathway targeted by NRI.
A new genus of Australian Agyrtodini from Tasmania (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Camiarinae)
Authors: ASHMAN LAUREN G. , SEAGO AINSLEY E. , LESCHEN RICHARD A.B.
Published: May 2024

Myopagyrtes tasmanicus new genus, new species, is described from Tasmania, Australia. It has reduced eyes and the hindwings are absent, unusual features among Agyrtodini. It was collected from leaf litter in forests, typically dominated by Nothofagus. It is hypothesised as related to the genus Agyrtodes Portevin and the New Zealand genus Chelagyrtodes Szymczakowski.
Dynamical Tests of a Deep Learning Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Hakim Gregory J. , Masanam Sanjit
Published: May 2024

Global deep learning weather prediction models have recently been shown to produce forecasts that rival those from physics-based models run at operational centers. It is unclear whether these models have encoded atmospheric dynamics or simply pattern matching that produces the smallest forecast error. Answering this question is crucial to establishing the utility of these models as tools for basic science. Here, we subject one such model, Pangu-Weather, to a set of four classical dynamical experiments that do not resemble the model training data. Localized perturbations to the model output and the initial conditions are added to steady time-averaged conditions, to assess the propagation speed and structural evolution of signals away from the local source. Perturbing the model physics by adding a steady tropical heat source results in a classical Matsuno–Gill response near the heating and planetary waves that radiate into the extratropics. A localized disturbance on the winter-averaged North Pacific jet stream produces realistic extratropical cyclones and fronts, including the spontaneous emergence of polar lows. Perturbing the 500-hPa height field alone yields adjustment from a state of rest to one of wind–pressure balance over ∼6 h. Localized subtropical low pressure systems produce Atlantic hurricanes, provided the initial amplitude exceeds about 4 hPa, and setting the initial humidity to zero eliminates hurricane development. We conclude that the model encodes realistic physics in all experiments and suggest that it can be used as a tool for rapidly testing a wide range of hypotheses.
Resilience and Value: Pediatric Trauma Care in Safety Net Hospitals
Authors: Motta Monique , Avila Azalia , Carroll Hayley M. , Vakil Deep , Hernandez Jennifer , Levene Tamar , Parreco Joshua P.
Published: May 2024

Background: In the setting of limited funding and high expectations for quality care, safety net hospitals play a crucial role in treating pediatric trauma patients. This study aimed to compare outcomes and hospitalization costs of pediatric trauma patients in safety net hospitals across the United States. Methods: The Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2016-2020 was queried for all patients under the age of 18 years hospitalized for traumatic injury. Patients admitted to safety net hospitals were propensity matched 1:1 to all other patients. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcomes were readmission within 1-year, mean length of stay (LOS), total charges, and total hospitalization costs including readmissions. Results: There were 176,325 patients meeting inclusion criteria, and 30,869 were admitted to safety net hospitals. All safety net patients were successfully matched across predictors, and 61,738 patients were included. The overall mortality rate was 1.4% (n = 834), and the mortality risk was similar in safety net hospitals (OR 1.11 [.96-1.27] P = .15). The overall readmission rate, mean LOS, and mean total cost were similar for safety net hospitals when compared to all hospitals. However, the overall mean total charge was $78,724 (±$224,884) and was lower in safety net hospitals ($76,575 [±$198,342], P = .02). Discussion: Safety net hospitals deliver comparable outcomes as other health care facilities when caring for pediatric trauma patients. Notably, these hospitals appear to undercharge for their services, despite incurring similar costs in the process. These results shed light on the resilience of safety net hospitals in delivering quality and cost-effective care.
Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis of the Breast Clinically Mimicking Cellulitis and Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Moore Lauren R. , Skrine Robin A.
Published: May 2024

A 40-year-old woman admitted for hyponatremia and anasarca due to decompensated cirrhosis after a recent steroid taper developed extremely painful cutaneous breast lesions clinically mimicking cellulitis and inflammatory breast cancer and was biopsy-diagnosed instead with diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) of the breasts, a rare and painful disease that can be a diagnostic chameleon. This case highlights the importance of early surgical consultation and tissue biopsy to correctly diagnose the etiology of severely painful mastitis and prevent prolonged symptomology and repeated administrations of ineffective treatments. Diffuse dermal angiomatosis should be considered when suspected breast cellulitis is refractory to treatment or there is concern for inflammatory breast cancer, especially in pendulous-breasted women with comorbidities that increase susceptibility to local tissue hypoxia.
Experiencing meaningful work through worthwhile contributions: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Bailey Catherine , Madden Adrian , Lips-Wiersma Marjolein
Published: May 2024

Why do individuals find their work meaningful and what is the role of worthwhile contributions in this experience? We undertake an analysis of accounts related by individuals working as nurses, creative artists and lawyers in which they explain why they find their work meaningful. Drawing on the traditions of critical discourse and narrative analysis, and informed by French pragmatic sociology, we move beyond a focus on what is said to consider how accounts are structured in explanations of meaningfulness. We find meaningfulness to be discursively constituted in the judgement that work makes a worthwhile contribution to others or wider society. We add theoretically to the literature on meaningful work, first, by revealing worthwhile contributions to be a complex, three-fold evaluation comprising the value attached by the individual to their contribution, validation from others that aligns with the individual’s own evaluation concerning the worth of the contribution and the individual’s self-efficacy belief that they are able to make the contribution. Second, we build bridges between hitherto disconnected branches of the meaningful work literature grounded in positive psychology on the one hand and moral worth on the other by showing how judgements of worth are fundamental to the experience of meaningfulness.
Filipino seafarers’ experiences and perceptions of psychosocial interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abila Sanley , Malecosio Serafin
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions provided to Filipino international merchant seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the significant labor participation in seafaring of Filipinos, examining the MHPSS provided to them during a crisis is necessary because these services remain unexplored. Using an online survey, this paper raises two questions: (1) what MHPSS was provided to Filipino seafarers during the pandemic and (2) how did the seafarers perceive the importance of MHPSS interventions? Twenty-two MHPSS interventions are presented and analyzed, and policy recommendations for various Philippine-based stakeholders are offered.
Vehicle detection algorithm for foggy based on improved AOD-Net
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Zhao Jianing , Lang Zhengang , Fang Liu
Published: May 2024

To strengthen the safety monitoring of foggy road traffic and maintain the safety of vehicle driving on foggy roads, image dehazing algorithms are used to improve the clarity of road images detected in foggy environments, thereby improving the detection ability and monitoring efficiency of intelligent transportation systems for vehicle targets. Due to the low accuracy of vehicle detection and serious problem of missed detections in haze environments, this paper proposes an improved All-in-One Dehazing Network (AOD-Net) algorithm for detecting foggy vehicles, which adds batch normalization (BN) layers after each layer of convolution in AOD-Net, accelerating the convergence of the model and controlling overfitting. To enhance image detail information, an effective pyramid-shaped PSA attention module is embedded to extract richer feature information, enrich model representation, and improve the loss function to a multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) + L1 mixed loss function, thereby improving the quality, brightness, and contrast of dehazing images. Compared with current image dehazing algorithms, the dehazing quality of our algorithm is superior to other dehazing algorithms, such as dark channel prior (DCP), Dehaze-Net, and Fusion Feature Attention Network (FFA-Net). Compared with AOD-Net, the improved algorithm has increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 3.23 dB. At the same time, after the improved AOD-Net image dehazing processing, YOLOv7 object detection was performed and experimentally validated on a real foggy dataset. The results showed that compared with the previous method, it had better recognition performance in foggy detection and recognition, and higher detection accuracy for vehicles.
Distributed finite-time adaptive consensus output-feedback control of multi-agent systems under switching topologies
Authors: Guan Shiwen , Pang Hongbo , Li Chensong
Published: May 2024

The paper investigates the finite-time adaptive consensus control of nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) by output-feedback. During the process of control design, the fuzzy logic system (FLS) is employed to approximate nonlinear function, as well as constructing a fuzzy state observer to estimate unmeasured states. Combining the dynamic surface control (DSC) with adaptive backstepping method conquers the complexity explosion issue. Then, semi-global practical finite-time stability (SGPFS) for closed-loop system is obtained under arbitrary switching communication topologies. All the signals of the overall system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the availability of developed control approach will be demonstrated through a simulation.