bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descriptive study of knowledge, attitudes and individual behavior of East Java MSMEs related to halal culture
Authors: Mardiyani Siti Asmaniyah , Said Mas'ud , Athiroh Nour , Noerhayati Eko
Published: September 2023

This study aims to measure aspects of the knowledge and attitudes of MSMEs in the food and beverage sector towards halal culture in their businesses. This is important to see the readiness of MSMEs to face the era of the halal industry. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire for 83 MSME respondents in East Java, including Malang Raya, Pasuruan, Blitar, Lumajang, and Kediri. The results showed that most of the respondents (92.41 percent) had a high level of knowledge and the rest had a moderate level of knowledge. This condition shows that the level of knowledge of MSME actors regarding halal culture is very good. The results of the analysis further provide information that 87.50 percent of MSME actors have good halal cultural behavior, 10.42 percent have a moderate level of behavior, and only 2.08 percent have low behavioral attitudes. This research illustrates that MSME actors in East Java have the potential and readiness to support the development of the halal industry
Determinants Of Preventing Diarrhea in Children in Siulak Gedang Puskesmas In 2022
Authors: Sela Indria Sari  , Sari Puspita , Asparian  , Muhammad Ridwan  , Marta Butar Butar  , Solihin Sayuti
Published: September 2023

Background: Diarrhea is a condition marked by changes in the shape and content of watery feces. It can also be accompanied by vomiting and bloody stools. Especially in the first three years of life, when the child may experience one to three episodes of severe diarrhea, this disease frequently affects children under the age of five. Aims: This study's objective was to determine the relationship between education level, knowledge, and attitudes of mothers in preventing diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the Siulak Gedang Public Health Center, Kerinci Regency, 2022. Method: This kind of study is quantitative, cross-sectional, and uses 96 samples as its sample size. The Siulak Gedang Health Center in Kerinci Regency's operational region served as the site of this study. Proportional Random Sampling is the method of sampling. Without taking into account the strata in the population, proportional random sampling is a technique for taking samples at random. Results: According to the study's findings, 56.3% of people engage in effective actions for preventing diarrhea. According to statistical analyses, knowledge (0.000) and attitude (0.000) are the two factors that mothers' conduct in preventing diarrhea is connected with (0.000). Additionally, there is no connection between behavior used to prevent diarrhea and education level (0.338). Conclusion: There are relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of mothers with the prevention of diarrhea in children under five in the working area of the Siulak Gedang Health Center, Kerinci Regency.
Evaluation of Bowel Function on Patient Post Operative Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Faradiba Ailsa Reina , Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Hariastawa I Gusti Bagus Adria
Published: September 2023

Highlights:1. All HD patients have good defecation quality after surgery.2. Almost all HD patients can control bowel movements without constipation or social problems after surgery.3. The most common problem patients face after surgery is soiling, which sometimes requires diapers.
AbstractIntroduction: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital disease in which Meissner and Auerbach's plexus ganglion cells are lost on the distal side of the digestive tract, thus interfering with defecation. The postoperative defecation process was assessed to describe the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to describe the quality of defecation in pediatric HD patients after surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive study on pediatric PD patients who received surgery in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from 2018 to 2021. Demographic data came from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. The incontinence evaluation was assessed using the Rintala Score.Results: A total of 14 pediatric HD patients underwent definitive surgery and had good scores on the Rintala score. There were 2 (14.3%) patients with maximum scores, 6 (42.9%) patients with normal scores, and 6 (42.9%) patients with good scores. The highest distribution in patients was always being able to hold bowel movements (81.8%), uncertain in reporting the desire to defecate (40.9%), 1-2 times a day (68.2%), never dirty (54.5%), never constipated (77.3%), and had no social problems (77.3%).Conclusion: Pediatric HD patients had a good outcome after a definitive operation. The most common demographics with high satisfaction rates were male and female patients with normal nutritional status, above one-year-old, normal birth weight, and term labor.
Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment of N-Acetylcysteine on Negative Symptoms and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Ranto Ipak , Herdaetha Adriesti , Kusuma Wijaya
Published: September 2023

Highlights:1. The essence of schizophrenia is the negative symptoms.2. Adding meloxicam can improve the negative symptoms and changes in the NLR in schizophrenic patients.
AbstractIntroduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has a negative symptom domain. Negative symptoms are commonly referred to as the essence of schizophrenia. Treatment of negative symptoms is still considered less than optimal. The ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes is one of the markers of inflammation. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine as adjuvant therapy for improving negative symptoms and changes in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in schizophrenic patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a single-blind, pretest–post-test design. The subjects were 34 schizophrenic patients who were inpatients at Dr. Arif Zainuddin Regional Mental Hospital (RSJD), Surakarta, from May to July 2020. The subjects were assigned using a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria and received adjuvant N-acetylcysteine therapy at 400 mg/day for 4 weeks. Data collection was obtained from medical records, interviews, field notes, positive scale, negative scale, and general psychopathology scale (PANSS) assessment sheets, and blood NLR examinations. Data analysis used SPSS 25.0.Results: There was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups in reducing negative PANSS subscale measurement after adjuvant N-acetylcysteine treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups after N-acetylcysteine administration for NLR.Conclusion: The dose of adjuvant therapy N-acetylcysteine given to patients in this study had an effect on decreasing the negative subscale PANSS score.
Conventional Radiological Profile of Metastatic Bone Disease Based on Its Histopathological Results: A 3-Year Experience
Authors: Armando Braven , Setiawati Rosy , Edward Mouli , Mustokoweni Sjahjenny
Published: September 2023

Highlights:1. The incidence of MBD tends to be more frequent in older ages and in female patients.2. The radiological appearance of a lesion tends to differ depending on its primary tumor.3. Pathological fracture was present in 55.37% of the cases.
AbstractIntroduction: Metastasis commonly occurs in the bone, termed metastatic bone disease (MBD). Early diagnosis and intervention are important to prolong and increase the quality of life. Although conventional radiology is less sensitive for diagnosing this disease, it remains the most cost and time-efficient screening method. This study aimed to describe the radiological profile of patients diagnosed with MBD based on its histopathological result.Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study using medical records and digital radiological data of patients diagnosed with MBD from 2019-2021 in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Variables in this study include gender, age, histopathological result, location of metastases, number of lesions, lesion density, and pathological fracture.Results: 51 patients were diagnosed with MBD during the period of the study and sorted into 121 cases based on metastases location. MBD is more frequent in older female patients, where lesion mostly originates from the breast, thyroid, and lungs, with adenocarcinoma as the most common histology. Vertebrae were the most common location of metastases. Most lesion tends to be multiple and osteolytic. However, certain lesions from different primary tumor had different predilections. Pathological fracture was present in 55.37% of cases.Conclusion: MBD needs to be suspected in patients with cancer from the breast, thyroid, and lungs as its incidence is higher. More studies about MBD profiles on a larger scale should be conducted to better represent this disease in the general population.
Reconstruction of Fulfilling the Rights of Domestic Helpers in Employment Relations as a Form of Respect for Human Rights
Authors: Muslim Shohib , Shinta Hadiyantina  , Hudriyah Mundzir  , Khrisna Hadiwinata  , Dina Imam Supaat
Published: September 2023

The state guarantees welfare for its people, including domestic servants who are guaranteed constitutional rights. However, in statutory regulations, guarantees for legal protection do not apply to domestic workers who work in the informal sector, while domestic workers who work in the formal sector get guaranteed legal protection, as stated in Law No. 11 of 2020 regarding the employment creation cluster. Techniques implemented in research in the form of presentation of concepts, theories and arguments that are useful in studying and analyzing phenomena that occur based on applicable regulations are called normative juridical techniques. Regulations on employment relations norms that place more importance on economic liberalization are listed in Article 1 paragraph 15 and Article 50, where these articles are also the cause of the legal blurring of norms contained in Article 1 paragraph 3. A domestic worker needs a guarantee of legal protection because he has a weak position. The issue of vague norms (vague of norms) contained in Article 1 paragraph 3 is caused by inconsistencies between Article 1 paragraph 15 and Article 1 paragraph 3 and the article that strengthens it, namely article 50, which should implicitly apply to domestic workers.
Authors: Rahma Salma Aulia , Dewi Ratna Stia , Mumpuni Aris
Published: September 2023

Spesies jamur pelapuk putih seperti Trametes sp. telah diketahui mampu mendekolorisasi pewarna azo, heterosiklik dan senyawa reaktif atau polimerik melalui degradasi enzim lignolitik. Membran dekolorisasi merupakan media yang digunakan sebagai sarana untuk mengurangi limbah salah satunya limbah batik. Membran dekolorisasi dibuat dalam suatu bentuk tertentu dengan memfungsikannya sebagai media pertumbuhan miselium jamur yang digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam bioreaktor. Bahan utama pembuatan membran dekolorisasi adalah serbuk kayu. Bahan lain yang diperlukan adalah suplemen seperti kapur (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), dan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 5 perlakuan dan masing-masing dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan komposisi media bahan organik mempengaruhi pertumbuhan miselium jamur Trametes sp. Perbedaan komposisi pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Data uji lanjut memperlihatkan bahwa komposisi P3 merupakan media membran yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan miselium jamur Trametes sp. dengan komposisi serbuk gergaji 65%, bekatul 15%, kapur 5%, gypsum 5%, dan penambahan jagung giling 10%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa nutrisi yang terdapat didalam media dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan miselium. Penambahan komposisi mempunyai pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan miselium sepanjang komposisi berapa pada kalkulasi yang tepat.
Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Seng (Zn) Dari Limbah Cair Tekstil Menggunakan Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes)
Authors: Shinta Deyana Rose , Santoso Slamet , Proklamasiningsih Elly , Widyastuti Ani
Published: September 2023

Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu industri yang berkembang pesat dan memegang peranan yang cukup penting. Seiring dengan berkembangnya industri tekstil, maka akan dihasilkan pula limbah yang melimpah. Limbah tekstil mengandung sumber pencemar yang sulit terdegradasi secara alami, yaitu bahan anorganik seperti logam Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, dan Cr yang berbahaya bagi organisme perairan. Oleh karena itu untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari logam berat perlu dilakukan metode pengolahan limbah, misalnya fitoremediasi. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan adalah kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes).

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh persen luas penutupan, lama waktu pemaparan, dan interaksi  keduanya dalam meningkatkan jumlah helai daun dan bobot basah tanaman, serta untuk menentukan persen luas penutupan, lama waktu pemaparan, dan interaksi keduanya yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan jumlah helai daun dan bobot basah tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen luas penutupan dan waktu pemaparan mampu meningkatkan jumlah helai daun dan bobot basah tanaman, namun interaksi keduanya hanya mampu meningkatkan jumlah helai daun. Persen luas penutupan 100% merupakan yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan jumlah helai daun dan bobot basah tanaman. Waktu pemaparan 9 hari merupakan yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan jumlah helai daun dan bobot basah tanaman Interaksi penutupan 75% dengan waktu pemaparan 9 hari merupakan yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan jumlah helai daun.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Coprinus comatus Terhadap Kadar SGOT dan SGPT Pada Tikus Putih Model Diabetes
Authors: Zahra Jauza Ulya , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Hernayanti Hernayanti
Published: September 2023

Jamur Coprinus comatus merupakan salah satu jamur yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai obat. Tubuh buah jamur C. comatus mengandung antioksidan seperti flavonoid, total fenol, tokoferol dan polisakarida, serta beberapa  senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, imunomodulator, antikanker, antitumor, hipolipidemik dan hipoglikemik. Flavonoid sebagai antioksidan dapat menangkal radikal bebas dengan cara mendonorkan H+ dan menghentikan peroksidasi lipid, sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar Serum Glutamat Oksaloasetat Transaminase (SGOT) dan Serum Glutamat Piruvat Transaminase (SGPT) dalam darah. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan produksi radikal bebas seperti reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang dipicu oleh kondisi hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol C. comatus terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT darah tikus putih model diabetes serta mengetahui konsentrasi dosis  ekstrak etanol C. comatus yang efektif terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT darah tikus putih model diabetes. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 6 perlakuan, yaitu Kontrol Positif (K+), Kontrol Negatif (K-), Kontrol Pembanding (KP), Perlakuan 1 (P1), Perlakuan 2 (P2) dan Perlakuan 3 (P3). Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih (Ratus norvegicus) jantan berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 200 gram. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kesalahan 5%, apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak etanol C. comatus menunjukkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tikus kontrol negatif. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol C. comatus efektif dalam mengobati diabetes melitus. Ekstrak etanol C. comatus dosis 500 mg/kg BB diketahui merupakan dosis yang paling efektif diantara ketiga dosis perlakuan untuk menurunkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT.

Kata Kunci: Coprinus comatus, diabetes melitus, SGOT, SGPT, tikus.
KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA DAN STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS GONAD JANTAN TIGA SPESIES IKAN FAMILI CYPRINIDAE DI SUNGAI BANJARAN
Authors: Al Gifari Habibulah Ahmad , Susatyo Priyo , Atang Atang , Sugiharto Sugiharto
Published: September 2023

Para peneliti perikanan mengungkapkan bahwa banyak jenis ikan asli perairan liar terancam punah akibat penangkapan yang tidak terkendali hal dapat mengancam keberadaan mereka di alam salah satunya di Sungai Banjaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: mengetahui kualitas spermatozoa ikan, mengetahui Indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), mengetahui Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG), dan mengetahui gambaran histologis gonad jantan agar didapati data untuk kepentingan konservasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei, sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Hasil penelitian selama periode Maret-Mei menunjukkan kualitas spermatozoa Ikan Nilem yang terbaik adalah pada bulan Mei yakni memiliki volume milt 0,21 ml, konsentrasi spermatozoa 2,3454 x109 sel/ml, Motilitas 3, dan viabilitas 82,55%. Pada Ikan Brek jumlah volume milt yang tertinggi terdapat pada bulan Mei yakni 0,25 ml, konsentrasi spermatozoa tertinggi terdapat pada bulan April 34,465 x109 sel/ml, dengan viabilitas 88,62%, dan motilitas 2,9. Kualitas sperma Ikan Lunjar terbaik dijumpai pada bulan Mei yakni memiliki volume milt 0,02 ml, konsentrasi spermatozoa 22,435 x109 sel/ml, viabilitas 80%, dan motilitas 3. Semua sampel sperma berwarna putih dengan pH 7-8. Berdasarkan TKG dan IKG dapat diketahui bahwa Ikan Nilem banyak ditemukan memijah pada bulan April dan Mei, Ikan Brek dan Lunjar banyak ditemukan memijah pada tiap bulannya. Struktur histologis gonad jantan pada Ikan Nilem, Brek dan Lunjar memiliki komposisi yang sama, pada ikan yang belum matang gonad komposisi sel spermatogenik yang teramati lebih di-dominasi oleh spermatosit, spermatid, dan spermatogonium, pada ikan yang matang gonad di-dominasi oleh sel spermatozoa dan spermatid, sedangkan pada ikan pasca memijah lebih banyak dijumpai spermatozoa dan spermatogonium.
Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, and Growth Performance of Balinese Bulls Fattening on Various Types of Forages in Traditional Farm
Authors: Klau Tahuk Paulus , Dethan Agustinus Agung , Sio Stefanus
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Balinese bulls fattened by various forages on traditional farms. The study was experimental research using Clitoria ternatea, Zea mays fresh straw, Pennisetum purpuphoides, Pennisetum purpureum, Sesbania grandiflora, Centrosema pubescens, Leucaena leucocephala, and natural grass to fatten the livestock which were arranged for the farmers' habits in fattening. Variables measured included feed consumption and digestibility and livestock growth performance, including daily body weight gain (PBBH), feed conversion and efficiency, and feed cost per gain. The collected data were then analysed using descriptive analysis procedures. The results showed that fattening Balinese bulls with forage resulted in dry matter (DM) (kg/head/day) reaching 7.079, while crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) intake were respectively 1.053 and 6.440 (kg/head/day). The digestibility coefficient of dry matter was 56.68%, crude protein was 69.86%, and organic matter was 68.83%. The ADG obtained by livestock was 0.321 kg/head/day; meanwhile, the feed conversion and efficiency were respectively 23.664 kg.DM/kg.ADG and 4.619%; the feed cost per gain (IDR/kg.ADG) reached 10,813.85. To sum up, the use of various types of forage in fattening Balinese bulls on traditional farms indicates that DM, OM, and CP intake are relatively high, but it provides relatively low feed digestibility by mean of ADG, conversion, and feed efficiency are not optimal.
The Effect of Salak (Salacca zalacca) Leaf Silage in Complete Feed on Digestibility and Characteristics In vitro Fermantation
Authors: Nasution Riska Romaito , Trisna Ade , Ginting Simon P
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to establish the best proportion of salakleaf silage utilisation in complete feed based on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, pH value, VFA generation, and NH3 concentration. The method used in this study was experimental with a 4 x 4 Randomized Block Design (RBD), using four distinct treatment ratios and 4 times rumen fluid collection as a repeat group. The percentage of salakleaf treatments in complete feed were: P0 (15% elephant grass in complete feed), P1 (15% salakleaf in complete feed), P2 (30% salakleaves in complete feed) and P3 (45% salak leaves in complete feed). The observed variables consisted of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, pH value, VFA production, and NH3 concentration. The mathematical model used is an analysis of variance and if there are differences between treatments it is continued with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) test (Steel and Torrie, 1991). The results revealed that the treatment ration had no significant (P>0.05) influence on pH value  and had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA production, and NH3 concentration. This study concluded that using 30% silage of salakleaves in complete feed could maintain the pH value and increase the dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, pH value, VFA production, and NH3 concentration.
Heat and Photon Energy Phenomena: Dealing with Matter at Atomic and Electronic Level
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: September 2023

There is a misconception about using the terms photon and electron. When the electron of the outer ring in the silicon atom executes interstate dynamics for only one cycle, it generates force and energy for the unit photon. The unit photon has a shape like Gaussian distribution in turned ends. When the photon of suitable length interacts with the side of the laterally orientated electron of a semisolid or solid atom, it converts into heat. Under the approximate angle of 90º, when a photon interacts with the tip of a laterally orientated electron, it divides into bits of energy having a shape like integral symbols. Solid or semisolid element atoms can reveal the phenomena of heat energy if their electrons deal with interactions of photons. In the neutral state silicon atom, the center acts as the reference point for electrons executing interstate dynamics, and the north-south tips of the electrons remain along the north-south poles. The energy shapes around the force tracing along the trajectory of electron dynamics. Under dynamics, two forces exert on the electron for one time, whereas two forces shape from opposite sides. In interstate dynamics, the electron of the outer ring first reaches the maximum limit point, where the one-bit energy shapes. In the remaining half cycle, that electron again shapes one-bit energy. When there is an uninterrupted supply of heat energy to the silicon atom, electron dynamics generate the photon having a shape-like wave. Path-independent but interstate-dependent forces take over the control of an electron. That electron executes dynamics nearly at the speed of light. In dynamics, the conservative forces exert on the position-acquiring electron. A photon can be in unending length if the electron dynamics remain uninterrupted. The changing aspect of the electron recalls the auxiliary moment of inertia at each point of turning. Atoms of suitable elements generate differently shaped photons when executing dynamics for the outer ring electrons. Thus, they can also reveal the phenomenon of photon energy.
Comparison of Different Methods for Building Ensembles of Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nanni Loris , Loreggia Andrea , Brahnam Sheryl
Published: September 2023

In computer vision and image analysis, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and other deep learning models are at the forefront of research and development. These advanced models have proven to be highly effective in tasks related to computer vision. One technique that has gained prominence in recent years is the construction of ensembles using Deep CNNs. These ensembles typically involve combining multiple pre-trained CNNs to create a more powerful and robust network. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of building CNN ensembles by combining several advanced techniques. Tested here are CNN ensembles constructed by replacing ReLU layers with different activation functions, employing various data augmentation techniques, and utilizing several algorithms, including some novel ones, that perturb network weights. Experimental results performed across many data sets representing different tasks demonstrate that our proposed methods for building deep ensembles produces superior results. All the resources required to replicate our experiments are available at https://github.com/LorisNanni.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) In Vitro Cultures: Prospects and Challenges for Breeding
Authors: Warchoł Marzena , Skrzypek Edyta , Juzoń-Sikora Katarzyna , Jakovljević Dragana
Published: September 2023

Plant cell and tissue culture has been a crucial component of efforts to enhance crops and advance plant biotechnology ever since the beginning of the XX century when Hildebrand discovered the theory of totipotency – a somatic plant cell still has the capacity to develop into every cell that makes up a whole plant. Further standardization of the techniques for use in crop improvement has resulted from the original interest with the creation of the numerous plant tissue culture techniques through the various advancement. The most important approach used in plant tissue culture is the cultivation of differentiated tissue that results in the development of an undifferentiated mass of parenchymatous cells and their subsequent differentiation by organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. This has been playing a significant role in the creation of virus-free seedlings and fast clonal multiplication, and it is also a crucial component in transgenic' regeneration. Additionally, cell cultures with a variety of mutations emerging in it offers chances to enhance crops. For the purpose of identifying homozygous recombinants in a single generation, haploid cell culture offers an additional benefit. Wide hybridization and the embryo rescue procedure have helped to produce haploid embryos and homozygous lines of doubled haploids which are difficult and time consuming to produce using traditional methods. Developed haploid embryos from the male gametophyte, carried out in cultures of immature anthers or isolated microspores, are referred to as androgenesis and could be the most efficient way to create lines of doubled haploids. The cell cultures also offer the chance to extract a variety of beneficial biochemicals. Induction of mutations in cultured cells and tissue in vitro to produce beneficial cultivars and manipulation of the centromere-specific histone CENH3 also become possible in recent years. Compared to traditional methods, in vitro cultures offer a number of both scientific and practical advantageous for scientists and plant breeders. However, the usefulness of individual methods should be examined by analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. When it comes to oat (Avena sativa L.) the efficient method of plant regeneration is still missing compared to the most common cereals, possibly because this cereal is known as recalcitrant for in vitro culture. An effort has been made to provide a succinct overview of the various in vitro techniques utilized or potentially involved in breeding of oat (Avena sativa L.) in this review. The present work aims to summarize the crucial methods of A. sativa cultivation under tissue culture conditions with a focus on the progress that has been made in biotechnological techniques which are used in breeding of this species.
Developing a Tool for Landscape Sustainability Assessment—Using a New Conceptual Approach in Lebanon
Authors: Aad Roula , Nemer Nabil
Published: September 2023

In the absence of a holistic view of Landscape Sustainability, credible data and consistent information are needed to help decision making and support adaptive management. However, consolidated tools (system of standards and controls) of assessment exist, but show a complexity of the references on one hand, and are mostly qualitative and environmental indicators based on the other hand. This review article deals with the theme of both environmental and landscape indicators in general, the principles and the fundamental definitions. The main models used, the prerequisites and various fields of application are also taken into consideration. Last but not least, various environmental and landscape indicators are presented and compared.
Research on Durability and Prestress Loss of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Prestressed Box Girders
Authors: Chen How-Ji , Kuo Cheng-Chang , Tang Chao-Wei
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to compare the differences in durability and prestress loss between normal-weight concrete (NC) and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) prestressed box girders, which were constructed at the same time in the same area, so as to verify the superiority of using synthetic lightweight aggregate (LWA) made from reservoir sediments in prestressed bridges. For the NCs and LWCs used in prestressed box girders, the basic mechanical properties were tested on the one hand, and the durability properties were tested on the other hand. Then, through the prestress monitoring system, the prestress loss of the two groups of the prestressed box girders was tracked. The results of the durability test confirmed that LWC can inhibit the penetration of air, water, and chloride ions by strengthening the interfacial transition zone between the aggregate and the cement paste, thereby improving its durability. Moreover, the magnetic flux prestress loss of the NC prestressed box girder reached 8.1%. In contrast, the magnetic flux prestress losses on both sides of the LWC prestressed box girder were 4.6% and 4.9%, respectively. This verified that, under the same environmental conditions, the use of LWC produced less of a prestress loss than the use of NC.
Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake on Vasomotor Symptoms, Sleep Quality and Depression in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha Zafar , Wu Suet-Kei , Zailani Halliru , Chiu Wei-Che , Liu Wen-Chun , Su Kuan-Pin , Lee Shin-Da
Published: September 2023

The menopausal transition often accompanies distressing manifestations, including vasomotor symptoms, sleep disruptions, and depressive syndrome. Omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as a potential intervention to alleviate these symptoms. This review aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of omega-3 supplementation on vasomotor symptoms, sleep quality, and depression among postmenopausal women. We conducted a systematic search focusing on randomized control trials across the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases from inception to August 2023. Among the initial pool of 163 studies, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this review. Four studies suggested potential benefits of omega-3 intake for improving hot flashes and night sweats. Sleep quality outcomes displayed heterogeneity across the studies. Incorporating diverse scales such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21, the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for depression outcomes, the review found inconclusive evidence on omega-3's impact on depression. Overall, the combined analysis of these studies did not provide substantial evidence to support the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in improving vasomotor symptoms, sleep quality, and depression. Further well-designed RCTs with larger participant groups are crucial to validate and generalize these results.
Semiochemical Compounds of Liometopum apiculatum (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) during the Development of Larvae of the Reproductive Caste
Authors: Cruz-Labana José Domingo , Vallejo-Pérez Moisés Roberto , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo , Martínez-Montoya Juan Felipe , Ugalde-Lezama Saul , Flores-Ramírez Rogelio , Tarango-Arámbula Luis Antonio
Published: September 2023

Ants have a very sophisticated olfactory system; their communication is based on the interpretation of chemical trails known as semiochemicals. The escamolera ant (Liometopum apiculatum), has behaviors and physiological responses is induced by semiochemicals, without however, these have not been studied. Using an electronic nose analysis (e-nose) and chromatographic techniques, semiochemicals of L. apiculatum in nests, foraging trails and dissected the gasters were evaluated. Data were analyzed with multivariate statistics and a logistic regression model based on predictors (ant counts) and the semiochemicals identified in pre-season (PRE), season (TEM) and post-season (POS) of larval collecting. From the general pattern of volatiles with a natural separation in POS and a partial distribution between PRE and TEM 32 semiochemicals were identified inside the nests, those who can induce the behavioral responses of trail-following, alarm, aggression, and nestmate recognition. Trail counts indicated that ant traffic was higher in POS and that the presence of certain semiochemicals (response variable) have good fit in the model regression. These findings are intended to provide useful information and support decision-making for the conservation and sustainable use of L. apiculatum in central Mexico.
Less Energetic Routes for the Production of SiOx Films from Tris(dimethylamino)silane by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Spigarollo Danielle C. F. S. , Getnet Tsegaye Gashaw , Rangel Rita C. C. , Cruz Nilson C. , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano
Published: September 2023

SiOx films, frequently derived from amino silane precursors, have found several applications with high added value. Although frequently used, the deposition of coatings from Tris(dimethyl amino)silane (TDMAS) has been reported to demand considerable amounts of energy, mainly due to the difficulty of oxidizing such compound. As it is well known, Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is able to improve the oxidation efficiency even under low process temperatures. Owing to that, PEALD can be considered as a very promising technique for the deposition of SiOx coatings. In this work, it has been investigated the deposition of silicon oxide films using TDMAS at 150°C. It has been evaluated the effect of the plasma oxidation time (6 to 18 s) and of the atmosphere composition (pure O2 or O2+Ar) on the chemical structure, elemental composition and chemical bonding state of the films. Increasing the plasma oxidation time in pure O2 resulted in larger proportion of retained C (Si-CH3) whereas N was preserved in the structure (Si-N). on the other hand, the formation of SiOx films from TDMAS is favored in shorter oxidation times in O2 + Ar plasmas.
Data Literacy in Genome Research
Authors: Wolff Katharina , Friedhoff Ronja , Schwarzer Friderieke , Pucker Boas
Published: September 2023

With an ever increasing amount of research data available, it becomes constantly more important to possess data literacy skills to benefit from this valuable resource. An integrative course was developed to teach students the fundamentals of data literacy through an engaging genome sequencing project. Each cohort of students performed planning of the experiment, DNA extraction, nanopore sequencing, genome sequence assembly, prediction of genes in the assembled sequence, and assignment of functional annotation terms to predicted genes. Students learned how to communicate science through writing a protocol in the form of a scientific paper, providing comments during a peer-review process, and presenting their findings as part of an international symposium. Many students enjoyed the opportunity to own a project and to work towards a meaningful objective.
The Use of Herbal Medicines and Spices in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pop Daniela , Pop Radu Samuel , Farcău Dorin
Published: September 2023

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome in children involves multiple factors. Thus, treatment options are variable, targeting diet and the child’s and parents’ behav-ior, involving pharmacological and psychological interventions or neuromodulation. Parents are increasingly interested in complementary and alternative therapies for children with irritable bowel syndrome, especially when other treatments have been tried without relieving the child’s symptoms. This paper looks into current evidence for the benefits and side effects of herbal remedies and spices in pediatric patients with IBS. The benefits of peppermint oil, STW5, Psyllium fiber, Curcuma, ginger, and other herbal medicines are discussed based on findings in the current literature.
Acceleration of Hybrid Perovskite Film Crystallization From Solution Through the Nuclei Formation
Authors: Moshnikov Vyacheslav , Muratova Ekaterina , Aleshin Andrey , Maximov Alexander , Nenashev Grigorii , Vrublevsky Igor , Lushpa Nikita , Tuchkovsky Alexandr
Published: September 2023

The crystallization conditions from the solution play an important role in determining the mor-phology, phase composition, and photovoltaic properties of perovskite films. Post-processing of the obtained films can have a crucial role in increasing the grain size of perovskite and enhancing its crystallinity. It has been shown that the formation of crystal nuclei can be utilized to accelerate crystallization. In this case, crystallization occurs through the growth of seed crystals created in the solution, enabling the formation of relatively large crystals.
For the deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid halide perovskite films from a solution of the perovskite in dimethylformamide the spin coating echnique was employed. Pre-crystallization was achieved by heating films at a temperature of 100 or 110 °C. The dissolution process involved adding a drop of dimethylformamide onto the substrate surface and allowing it to partially dis-solve the perovskite for 30-40 seconds. Subsequently, residual solvent was removed through spin coating. The recrystallization process was carried out by heating films at the temperature range of 80 to 130 °C.
The morphological analysis of the perovskite film surfaces after recrystallization at tem-peratures ranging from 80 to 130 °C was performed. The infrared transmission spectra of the obtained perovskite films were investigated, and their light absorption characteristics were studied through transmission spectra. The perovskite structure in the obtained films was con-firmed by the peaks observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns.
Neurologic Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Gillam V Wiley Braxton , Godbole Nikhil , Sangam Shourya , DeTommaso Alyssa , Foreman Marco , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2023

The present review aimed to identify through what means neurologic injury can predispose individuals to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In recent years, comprehensive studies have helped to clarify which structures in the central nervous system (CNS) that, when damaged, lead to distinct PTSD symptoms–namely dissociative reactions or flashbacks. Our review narrowed its focus to three common neurologic injuries including traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and stroke. Beyond discussing the potential mechanisms by which neurotrauma may lead to PTSD, we summarized our current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and discussed predicted associations between the limbic system and PTSD. In particular, the role of noradrenergic neuromodulatory signaling on the HPA axis as it pertains to fear memory recall needs to be further explored to better understand its effects on limbic structures in PTSD patients. This paper also described how damage to the CNS can alter the function of the limbic system and result in characteristic symptoms of PTSD like intrusive memories and acute psychological distress. Further, our review intended to draw attention to a lack of PTSD prognosis in TBI, SAH, and stroke patients who could benefit from early treatment. PTSD symptoms often compound with pre-existing issues further deteriorating health outcomes for these patients. It is ultimately our goal to clarify the relationship between neurotrauma and PTSD such that earlier diagnoses and appropriate treatment are observed in clinic.
Comparison of Surgical Risk Scores in a European Cohort of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Canillas Lidia , Pelegrina Amalia , Colominas-González Elena , Salis Aina , Enríquez-Rodríguez Cesar J. , Duran Xavier , Caro Antonia , Álvarez Juan , Carrión Jose A
Published: September 2023

Patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) or cirrhosis undergoing surgery have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in contrast to the general population. Retrospective, observational study of ACLD patients to evaluate the predictive capacity of previous surgical risk scores in a European cohort of patients. ACLD was defined by the presence of thrombocytopenia <150.000/uL and splenomegaly; AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index >2; nodular liver edge by ultrasound; transient elastography >15 kPa and/or signs of portal hypertension. We assessed variables related to 90-day mortality and the discrimination and calibration of current surgical scores (Child-Pugh, MELD-Na, MRS, NSQIP, and VOCAL-Penn). Only patients with ACLD and major surgeries included in VOCAL-Penn were considered (n=512). The mortality rate at 90 days after surgery was 9.8%. Baseline disparities between H. Mar and VOCAL-Penn cohorts were identified. Etiology, obesity, or platelet count not were associated with mortality. The VOCAL-Penn showed the best discrimination (C-statistic90D= 0.876) and overall predictive capacity (Brier90D= 0.054) but calibration was not excellent in our cohort. VOCAL-Penn was suboptimal in patients with diabetes (C-statistic30D= 0.770), without signs of portal hypertension (C-statistic30D= 0.555), or with an abdominal wall (C-statistic30D= 0.608) or urgent (C-statistic180D= 0.692) surgeries. Our European cohort has shown a mortality rate after surgery similar to those described in American studies. However, some variables included in the VOCAL-Penn score were not associated with mortality, and VOCAL-Penn’s discriminative ability decreases in patients with diabetes, without signs of portal hypertension, and with abdominal wall or urgent surgeries. These results should be validated in larger multicenter and prospective studies.
Non-Pharmacological Pain Treatment of Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome of the Masticatory Muscles – Case Series
Authors: Macrì Monica , Rotelli Chiara , Pegreffi Francesco , Festa Felice
Published: September 2023

Myofascial pain is the most common cause of chronic pain in the masticatory region and can be assessed through clinical analysis and muscle palpation. Generally, it appears with headache and orofacial pain associated with sensitive points (trigger points) due to the excessive contraction of the masticatory muscle fibres. The study aims to evaluate how a correct treatment of myofascial pain can improve the life quality of the affected patients.
In this case series, 300 patients with myofascial pain were divided into two groups: 150 with intra- and extra-articular disorder and 150 with the only extra-articular disorder. Each group included 75 males and 75 females. All the patients were treated with gnathological therapy through passive aligners and biofeedback exercises for 4 months. They underwent pain assessment (through a visual analogue scale and muscular palpation test) before, during and after the treatment, and nuclear magnetic resonance of the temporomandibular joint before and after the gnathological treatment.
The treatment considerably reduced the pain in all patients, without drugs, in 4 months, according to the visual analogue scales and the palpation test. The temporomandibular magnetic resonance in each patient was similar before and after the gnathological treatment.
The improvement in pain did not depend on a change in the relationship between the articular condyle and the disc.
Design and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Photovoltaic System by a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Thiaw Khadidjatou , Diao Amadou , Sadio Amy , Mboji Senghane
Published: September 2023

This study is focused on an optimal sizing method based on genetic algorithms (GA) in order to design a high-performance photovoltaic system that would be installed in the Alioune Diop University of Bambey, Senegal. The multi-objective optimization allowed us to find a better trade- off between the Total Life Cycle cost (TLCC) and the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). The goal is to minimize the TLCC while maintaining a good satisfactory of the system with a desired LPSP, under certain constraints. The expressions of the TLCC and the LPSP are established according to the total photovoltaic energy and the battery capacity. The toolbox of Matlab software is used to implement the optimization problem with twelve blocks of the site and its different corresponding loads. The obtained results have led to a several combinations of the photovoltaic and battery capacities of which the best one is selected based on the lowest LPSP, that guaranteed a better load coverage during the night. The results of this proposed method are compared with intuitive method that has been firstly applied. For the block with the lowest load demand, the proposed optimization model leads to a reduction a reduction of 70% and 48% in the storage capacity and the TLCC respectively for a LPSP of 0.007 %.
Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field – An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Agocs Adam , Nagy András Lajos , Ristic Andjelka , Tabakov Zsolt Miklós , Raffai Péter , Besser Charlotte , Frauscher Marcella
Published: September 2023

Engine oil degradation and tribological properties are strongly interrelated. Hence, understanding the chemical processes resulting in additive depletion and degradation products is necessary. In this study, in-service engine oils from petrol and diesel vehicles were analyzed with conventional and advanced methods (mass spectrometry). Additionally, the effect of the utilization profile (short- vs. long-range) was studied. Petrol engine oils generally showed accelerated antioxidant and antiwear degradation and higher oxidation, especially in case of a short-range utilization profile, which can be attributed to the higher air-to-fuel ratio (more rich combustion) compared to diesel engines. A detailed overview of oxidation and nitration products, as well as degradation products resulting from zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron ester antiwear additives, diphenylamine antioxidants and salicylate detergents is given. A side-reaction between oxidation products (aromatic carboxylic acids) and the boron ester antiwear is highlighted. This reaction was only detected in the petrol engine oils, where the oxidation products were measured in a high abundance. However, no side reaction was found in the samples from the diesel vehicle, since there the aromatic carboxylic acids were largely absent due to lower oxidation.