Shiv-mix for perioperative hemodynamic stability and analgesia: A new paradigm for limited resource centres
Authors: Imran Ahmed Khan  , Shiv Kumar Singh  , MD. Abu Bashar  
Published: January 2025

Dear editor,
A very interesting article has been published in your esteemed journal titled “Effect of pre-emptive intravenous paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine on hemodynamic variables during perioperative period in pre-eclampsia patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under general anesthesia: A prospective randomized study” by Kothari et al., (December 2022|Vol 13|Issue 12). Research is not complete unless it reaches to its potential audience. We, firstly, would like to congratulate the authors and the journal for publishing their research on such a very important topic. Authors have described their findings in a clear and scientific manner. Randomized and double-blinded studies provide inferences which are considered more authentic. Authors in this study used envelop method for allocating patient in the two groups; the intervention and the control. Findings of this study will definitely help readers and practitioners in providing safe and stable anesthesia to their patients. In this prospective randomized study, authors concluded that combination of paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine is effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. They also found better hemodynamic stability during intraoperative and post-operative period in pre-eclampsia patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under general anesthesia. Finally, they opined that when paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine are given together effective and prolonged post-operative analgesia can be obtained.
Authors discussed efficacy and safety of various medications (Lignocaine, fentanyl, esmolol, and magnesium sulfate) comparing with placebo and different combinations used to attenuate laryngoscopy and intubation response. However, in last paragraph of introduction and in discussion, authors wrote that they could not find any single study using all three drugs (intravenous paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine) simultaneously for attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation.
We would like to draw your kind attention published work that have utilized the same combination with similar effects and this study support the conclusions of those studies. We do agree that these were nor RCTs but case series. Two related articles are discussed here. Khan and Singh in their narrative review described efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of various combinations of paracetamol, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine (Shiv-mix 1, 2, and 3). Authors found the described opioid free anesthesia (OFA) regimen (Shiv-mix) very effective in attenuating laryngoscopic and intubation response. In their case series, they also found stable intraoperative hemodynamics and absence of some commonly seen post-operative complications such as PONV and shivering. In another case series by Ansari et al., using similar OFA describing ten cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the authors found that OFA using Shiv-Mix (A combination of paracetamol, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine) infusion preoperatively was a safe, opioid‑sparing, and feasible option that provide good perioperative analgesia, stable hemodynamics, and an uneventful recovery profile.
We again support the findings of the study by Kothari et al. We hope that this discussion will help researchers and practitioners to provide effective and safe perioperative course of their patients and opening new horizons for multimodal analgesia.