紅外線熱影像評估運動傷害之效益
Authors: 陳禹婷 陳禹婷 , Yu-Ting Chen 唐誌陽 , Chih-Yang Taun 陳哲修 , Che-Hsiu Chen 洪暐 
Published: April 2023

<p>本研究目的旨在探討不同肌力水準對後蹲舉「負荷－速近年來許多研究發現，高強度間歇訓練 (high-intensity interval training) 被廣泛運用在運動員訓練或者一般大眾的健康促進上，透過短時間的運動能達到類似或甚至更優於長時間連續中等強度有氧運動的訓練效果，這一項具時間經濟效益的運動方法，不論在運動表現或各種急、慢性的運動傷害評估，向來是臨場工作者的一大難題。迄今已發展出許多方法可有效評估傷害，然除了理學檢查外，影像學輔助檢查往往因成本過高、便攜性不足、具放射性或需高度背景知識等因素而難以落實於第一線使用。但非侵入性的紅外線熱影像則無前述缺點，透過溫度轉換為可見的圖像，觀測因不同血管收縮效應所呈現出的「溫度變異點」分佈狀態，找出不同傷害類型所呈現的高溫或低溫病灶，配合解剖位置判讀，可協助辨識及評估選手因訓練量導致的急、慢性傷害或潛在傷害風險，並作為因錯誤動作模式產生身體非對稱性之評估指標。本文綜論過去文獻中透過紅外線熱影像觀察不同運動傷害類型與部位，以茲輔助評估運動傷害風險之參考，作為未來運動傷害領域的重要工具。改善健康方面都有明顯的效益。本文以論述方式彙整相關文獻來呈現高強度間歇訓練在不同族群的應用，細分為一般健康成人、過重與肥胖者、中老年人及第2型糖尿病患者。本研究方法於Google學術搜尋、華藝線上圖書館、PubMed (MEDLINE) 及Web of Science選查近6年至2021年1月的國內外相關研究文獻進行比較分析。本文獻回顧分析結果揭示，一般健康成人、過重與肥胖族群、中老年人以及第2型糖尿病患者，在接受高強度間歇訓練後皆能有效改善心肺能力、身體組成、血糖、血脂代謝及心血管危險因子。儘管如此，在設計高強度間歇訓練的運動處方時，仍必須針對不同族群加以考量適合的運動強度與時間，才能達到高強度間歇訓練帶來的健康效益。度」關係的影響。實驗招募十八名健康男性，取得他們的估測最大肌力值後，分別進行八個不同強度（不同相對最大肌力百分比）的最大努力後蹲舉測試。受試者依據相對力量比（最大肌力/體重）分為相對強與相對弱兩個類別。以重複測量單因子方法檢驗：強弱兩組別與八種不同相對強度，對於後蹲舉動作中平均向心收縮速度的影響。結果發現，組內效應達到顯著差異[F(2.973,57.568) = 298.604, p < 0.001]。然而，與研究假設不同的是，肌力相對弱組，在各不同相對強度的向心收縮速度上，皆較肌力相對強組為高。在組間差異（平均向心收縮速度），則未達統計上顯著[F(1,16) = 3.212, p = 0.092]。本研究結果雖然顯示平均向心速度在肌力相對強弱兩個類別中不存在顯著差異，肌力體能專家仍應注意，在不同肌力水準的族群中，後蹲舉的速度表現特徵上，可能會存在個體間差異。為了獲得體能提升等相關訊息，在執行以速度參數作為觀察工具的訓練課表中，週期性的檢測與監控運動員是必要的。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>In recent years, many studies have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely applied in athlete&rsquo;s training and health promotion program in the general public. The relative shorter period of training duration of HIIT can achieve similar or even better training effects in comparison with relative longer period of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise. Thus, this time-efficient exercise has apparent benefits in both sport performance and health improvement. This review literature presented application of HIIT in different populations, including the general public, overweight and obese individuals, middle-aged and elderly adults, and patients with type 2 diabetes. A database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Airiti Library, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science from January 2015 to January 2021 for studies related to exercise training interventions. The results of this literature review showed that the HIIT can effectively improve cardiopulmonary capacity, body composition, blood glucose, and lipids metabolism, and reduce cardiovascular risk factors in the general public, overweight or obese individuals, middle-aged and elderly adults, and type 2 diabetic patients. Note that while applying HIIT in exercise prescription, it is necessary to properly manipulate the exercise intensity and duration for different populations to achieve health outcomes.298.604, p < 0.001]. However, contrary to what was hypothesized, weaker participants tended to perform at higher velocities across all intensity zones. Group difference on MCV was different in trend, but not found as significance [F(1,16) = 3.212, p = 0.092]. Although group difference was not found as significant effect, strength and conditioning professionals should be advised that velocity characteristics of the BS may differ between individuals of different strength levels throughout %1RM ranges. Periodic testing and monitoring of individual athletes may be required in order to capture physical gain due to strength improvement and use of velocity as a tool for training prescription.</p>
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