bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chirurgia w czasach wojny – losy majora lekarza Henryka Mazanka, kierownika grupy chirurgicznej Szpitala Ewakuacyjnego nr 21 w Lublinie, podczas kampanii wrześniowej 1939 roku
Authors: Korab Michał
Published: April 2024

W artykule przedstawiono losy wojenne mjr. lek. Henryka Mazanka, starszego ordynatora oddziału chirurgicznego Szpitala Okręgowego nr 5 w Krakowie, jednego z pionierów krwiolecznictwa w Polsce. We wrześniu 1939 r. kierował zespołem chirurgicznym szpitala nr 21 w Lublinie. Na kanwie jego doświadczeń ukazano trudności w pracy szpitala i pomocy ofiarom wojny oraz wnioski dotyczące niedostatków organizacji opieki medycznej w kampanii wrześniowej. Major lekarz Henryk Mazanek był chirurgiem wojskowym. W pierwszych dniach wojny otrzymał przydział mobilizacyjny do Szpitala Ewakuacyjnego nr 21 w Lublinie. Szpital został uruchomiony w nocy z 7 na 8 września, od razu przyjmowano w nim pacjentów, którzy byli opatrywani i operowani. Przez cały okres pracy zmagano się z niedoborami materiałowymi i osobowymi. Placówkę ewakuowano do Lwowa rankiem 13 września, od tego momentu nie rozwinęła się ponownie aż do końca wojny. 18 września w Śniatyniu personel szpitala na rozkaz komendanta przejechał przez granicę rumuńską. Relacje mjr. Mazanka ukazują niedostatki w działalności służby zdrowia w początkowym okresie wojny. Braki kadrowe i logistyczne były potęgowane przez złą organizację pracy, a także nieprzemyślaną ewakuację szpitala. Te doświadczenia powinny być nauką dla osób odpowiadających za system ochrony zdrowia, którego dobra organizacja może bardzo pomóc działać lekarzom w sytuacjach kryzysowych.
Franciszek Naróg (1891-1969)
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Pactwa Witold
Published: April 2024

Artykuł przedstawia biografię oraz dorobek naukowy polskiego okulisty Franciszka Naroga (1891-1969). Pracował w Klinice Okulistycznej we Lwowie oraz był lekarzem okulistą Państwowej Pomocy Lekarskiej Wojskowej.
Franciszek Sroczyński (1862-1900)
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Zamachowska Monika
Published: April 2024

Artykuł przedstawia biografię oraz dorobek naukowy polskiego okulisty Franciszka Sroczyńskiego (1862-1900). Był on docentem Kliniki Okulistycznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie i asystentem prof. Lucjana Rydla.
Tendencia Editorial UR Número 36 - Especial
Authors: Ramalho Amanda , Argollo Rita Virginia , Canossa-Mendes João Carlos , Morales Perdomo Tatiana
Published: April 2024

La 36ª edición de la Feria Internacional del Libro de Bogotá (FILBo) tiene a Brasil como país invitado de honor, un país que contribuye no solo por su tradición literaria, sino también por sus debates de cultura y naturaleza en su bibliodiversidad.
Implementation of a STEAM education project in a private portuguese basic school during SARS-COV-2 pandemic
Authors: Hahn Marcelo , Carvalho P. Simeão
Published: April 2024

AbstractSTEM education is a relatively new area that aims for an integrated and interdisciplinary teaching and learning between scientific disciplines from different fields of science to promote active and creative learning. More recently, the letter “A” for the arts has been added to the acronym because it is believed that it can promote truly transdisciplinary learning. In this work we present our findings regarding an investigation conducted in a private school, during the on-line classes on a discipline called STEAM. The on-line classes happened due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that changed the in-situ teaching-learning paradigm to the distance learning model. In this STEAM discipline the students were challenged to achieve certain objectives in several STEAM activities. After all activities were done the students answered a questionnaire regarding the work done. This data was analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U nonparametric statistical test. Some of the students also participated in interviews regarding the discipline and their enjoyment about the performed activities. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data allowed us to conclude that students, in general, recognize the importance of STEAM activities for their integrated learning, but ranked with higher scores the manual construction activities to the detriment of purely virtual activities. In addition, the data allowed us to study the statistically relevant differences in student responses regarding grades and sex. The results may give important guides for teachers who may desire to implement STEAM education programs in the future.
A construção de exposições sobre controvérsias sociocientíficas: potencialidades educativas identificadas por alunos
Authors: Reis Pedro , Baptista Mónica , Tinoca Luís , Linhares Elisabete
Published: April 2024

O Projeto IRRESISTIBLE teve como objetivo envolver professores, alunos e membros da comunidade na discussão sobre Investigação e Inovação Responsáveis (IIR), promovendo a construção de conhecimento sobre tópicos de investigação de ponta (e controversos) (Controvérsias Sociocientíficas - CSC) e a discussão sobre os critérios que os processos de investigação/inovação devem respeitar para serem considerados responsáveis. Este artigo apresenta resultados sobre o potencial educacional das exposições IRRESISTIBLE construídas pelos alunos sobre CSC e as suas dimensões de IIR. As exposições foram construídas pelos alunos em diferentes contextos - escolas, universidades, museus e locais públicos - e foram assumidas como uma estratégia de ativismo através da qual os alunos informaram a comunidade sobre a CSC que haviam investigado e desencadearam discussão sobre as condições necessárias para garantir práticas de IIR nessas áreas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com alunos participantes de 10 países. Os resultados gerais indicam que os alunos melhoraram as suas perceções sobre as suas competências de desenvolvimento de exposições como forma de conscientizar sobre temas relacionados com ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Esta atividade reforçou a perceção dos alunos de que nas aulas de ciências eles desenvolvem projetos socialmente relevantes e aprendem como influenciar as decisões de outros cidadãos sobre questões sociais relacionadas com ciência, tecnologia e ambiente, com o objetivo de garantir um futuro mais sustentável.
“Hoje tem prova!” - Reflexões sobre a avaliação para alunos com deficiência visual na perspectiva de Vigotski e Leontiev
Authors: Hallais Sofia Castro , Vilar Artur Batista
Published: April 2024

Seja para os docentes, quanto para os alunos, os processos e as metodologias de avaliação da aprendizagem são, costumeiramente, um dos principais dilemas do cotidiano escolar. Como e quando avaliar? Utilizar-se de procedimentos tradicionais ou inovadores? Aprofundando um pouco mais nossa discussão: como proceder no caso de uma turma inclusiva, mais especificamente com a presença de alunos com deficiência visual? Esses são alguns questionamentos que abordamos e buscamos refletir neste texto. Para isso, utilizamos como referenciais a Teoria Sócio-Histórico-Cultural de Vigotski e a Teoria da Atividade de Leontiev. Apresentamos a importância de o processo avaliativo levar em consideração o viés cultural e a relação com o meio social, além de ser concentrado nas habilidades e capacidades dos estudantes e não em suas limitações, apresentem eles ou não quadros de cegueira ou baixa visão. Tratamos, ainda, da importância da valorização da linguagem e de estratégias de adaptação e adequação de materiais, bem como no processo de mediação dos professores no que concerne à avaliação da aprendizagem.
Escrita Narrativa, contação de histórias e Educação Científica
Authors: Sousa do Nascimento Silvania
Published: April 2024

O texto apresenta, de forma narrativa, um nível de transcrição da entrevista realizada em 2007 com o cientista, ambientalista e escritor mineiro Ângelo Machado. O contexto da construção da narrativa foi a pesquisa sobre as práticas discursivas de integrantes do “Grupo Contadores de Estórias Miguilim”. Esse grupo é composto de jovens adolescentes entre as idades de 13 a 18 anos, formados pela Associação de Amigos do Museu Casa Guimarães Rosa. A pesquisa envolveu relacionar os temas de natureza e transformação tanto no contexto da obra rosiana, quanto no livro O tesouro do quilombo. O texto narrativo parte da escuta da gravação e apresenta excertos de fala dos interlocutores. O escritor relata o contexto de produção de algumas de suas obras, o prazer pela escrita e pela leitura, e dialoga com a pesquisadora sobre sua prática de escrita que entrelaça o conhecimento científico e a construção dos enredos de seus livros infantis.
MATEMÁTICA, GÊNERO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DO GOVERNO BOLSONARO
Authors: Vicente Eliézer Reis , De Freitas Lúcia Gonçalves
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo buscou analisar como a Matemática entra na Política Nacional de Alfabetização (PNA) proposta pelo governo do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro. Tal política se inseria entre as visões dominantes desse governo de que a escola teria que se concentrar em ensinar a ler, escrever e contar. Como esse governo combateu veementemente os estudos de gênero e as ciências humanas e sociais de um modo geral, elegendo as ciências cognitivas como paradigma para suas políticas de alfabetização, com foco na Matemática, analisamos, neste artigo, o discurso da PNA em relação ao ensino dessa linguagem. Para isso, adotamos a perspectiva foucaultiana do discurso, em uma vertente pós-estruturalista. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida dentro dos pressupostos de natureza qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental. A análise mostra o manejado de expressões como “evidências científicas” e “numeracia” no discurso da PNA, que foram articuladas politicamente de forma a não desafiar as estruturas desiguais de nossa sociedade, dentre elas as questões de gênero, mantendo o status quo.
Ambitions vs actions: a critique of NHS Wales' workforce implementation plan
Authors: Royce Robert
Published: April 2024

Following his previous critique of NHS Wales' 2020 workforce strategy, Robert Royce highlights similar issues in the 2023 workforce implementation plan, emphasising the need for clear, measurable actions.
Using quality improvement to pursue equity: lessons from healthcare
Authors: Aurelio Marco , Brittin Katherine , Darknell Lorna , Chitewe Auzewell , Shah Amar
Published: April 2024

Against a backdrop of stalling life expectancy, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to tackle inequities in healthcare. Quality improvement has become an increasingly recognised way of tackling complex problems in healthcare. This article presents a step-by-step approach for the use of quality improvement to pursue equity at an NHS provider in England. The Model for Improvement was used to set an aim, develop a theory of change and measures, and test change ideas through plan-do-study-act cycles. A five-step sequence of improvement was used to provide a structured approach to identifying and tackling problems. Projects were designed to use a time series testing strategy in which baseline data were collected, a change was introduced and data continued to be collected over time to assess improvement. The results of three teams that have demonstrated sustained improvements were analysed using statistical process control charts. The teams' achievements included a 27% increase in access to early intervention mental health services for ethnic minority groups; a 92% reduction in racist incidents on inpatient wards; and a reduction in the gap between cervical screening rates for different age groups from 8% to 3%. Quality improvement offers those closest to the delivery of care a way of systematically making improvements in equity. Further opportunities for the field include the use of experimental designs to test combinations of interventions and potential scalability of quality improvement methods across systems with multiple partners.
Contemporary theories of orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Haworth Jennifer , Sandy Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Coordinated biological responses are required to bring about orthodontic tooth movement. Several theories have been proposed for the mechanisms underlying tooth movement. Techniques have been investigated for reducing pain associated with orthodontics, as well as increasing the rate of tooth movement. Modern molecular and genetic techniques have improved our understanding of biological processes underlying tooth movement, but there is still a great deal of detail that is unknown.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides an update on contemporary theories of orthodontic tooth movement.
An alternative method for anterior crossbite correction
Authors: Anderson Catherine , Day Christian , Lewin Eva
Published: April 2024

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader will learn an alternative method for correcting anterior crossbites.
A trick to make the pontic stick
Authors: Murphy Ian
Published: April 2024

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader will learn a method for dealing with the potential for breakages in pontics tied into archwires.
Cementless total knee arthroplasty in young patients using tantalum trabecular implants results in significantly lower rates of aseptic loosening
Authors: Khetan Vatsal , Baxter Ian , Hampton Matthew , Spencer Amy , Anderson Alexander
Published: April 2024

Aims

The mean age of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has reduced with time. Younger patients have increased expectations following TKA. Aseptic loosening of the tibial component is the most common cause of failure of TKA in the UK. Interest in cementless TKA has re-emerged due to its encouraging results in the younger patient population. We review a large series of tantalum trabecular metal cementless implants in patients who are at the highest risk of revision surgery.

Methods

A total of 454 consecutive patients who underwent cementless TKA between August 2004 and December 2021 were reviewed. The mean follow-up was ten years. Plain radiographs were analyzed for radiolucent lines. Patients who underwent revision TKA were recorded, and the cause for revision was determined. Data from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Island, the Isle of Man and the States of Guernsey (NJR) were compared with our series.

Results

No patients in our series had evidence of radiolucent lines on their latest radiological assessment. Only eight patients out of 454 required revision arthroplasty, and none of these revisions were indicated for aseptic loosening of the tibial baseplate. When compared to data from the NJR annual report, Kaplan-Meier estimates from our series (2.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24 to 5.87)) show a significant reduction in cumulative estimates of revision compared to all cemented (4.82 (95% CI 4.69 to 4.96)) or cementless TKA (5.65 (95% CI 5.23 to 6.10)). Our data (2.94 (95% CI 1.24 to 5.87)) also show lower cumulative revision rates compared to the most popular implant (PFC Sigma Cemented Knee implant fixation, 4.03 (95% CI 3.75 to 4.33)). The prosthesis time revision rate (PTIR) estimates for our series (2.07 (95% CI 0.95 to 3.83)) were lower than those of cemented cases (4.53 (95% CI 4.49 to 4.57)) from NJR.

Conclusion

The NexGen trabecular (tantalum) cementless implant has lower revision rates in our series compared to all cemented implants and other types of cementless implants, and its use in younger patients should be encouraged.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):277–285.
Non-verbal predications in Zarma
Authors: Abdoulaye Mahamane L. , Abdoulrazikou Salimata
Published: April 2024

This article presents new findings in the use of copulas nôo ‘be’ and ti ‘be’ in non-verbal predications in Zarma (Songhay; Niger, Nigeria). Based on some exclusive contexts of use and some morphosyntactic criteria, the article distinguishes a basic type of predication with one term “NP + nôo” used in deictic identification (e. g.: Abdù nôo ‘it’s Abdu’) and a type of predication with two terms “NP1 + NP2 + nôo” used in nominal predications and equative sentences (e. g.: wodìn Abdù nôo ‘that is Abdu’). The article shows that copula ti replaces copula nôo in negation but also in non-verbal focus constructions where it is generally preceded by the subordinating conjunction kà/gà and very likely marks the presupposed part of the sentence (e. g.: [Muusà nôo] kà ti càwkŏo ‘[it’s Musa] who is a student’). Finally, the article shows that in Zarma, it is the one-term predication “NP + nôo” that is recruited to mark focus-fronted constituents of verbal and non-verbal predications, thus confirming an observation already made about other languages.
Verschriftungsprinzipien im geschriebenen Dialekt: WhatsApp-Nachrichten aus Südtirol
Authors: Alber Birgit , Frey Jennifer-Carmen , Glaznieks Aivars , Glück Alexander , Kokkelmans Joachim
Published: April 2024

Although the orthographic norm of the standard language has dominated most written registers of German, social media and other non-standardized digital contexts have recently given rise to the written use of dialects and vernaculars in informal communication. The written use of non-standard dialects is especially wide-spread in the south of the German-speaking area, e. g. in Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria and South Tyrol, where various studies have reported the use of dialectal forms in digital contexts such as Chatrooms, WhatsApp or Facebook (cf. Christen 2004; Glaznieks/Frey 2018). Using a corpus of South Tyrolean WhatsApp chats with corresponding audio recordings of the chat authors retelling the chat contents, we analyze four phonetic-phonological phenomena of Tyrolean dialects, characteristic of the southern German-speaking area: pre-consonantal s-retraction, the neutralization of the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in word-initial position, vowels undergoing umlaut or unrounding and the realisation of r in the coda of unstressed syllables. In particular, we analyze if and how these phenomena of the dialect are represented in the written form. The results show that Standard German graphematic conventions form the basis for most dialect spellings in WhatsApp chats. However, they are sometimes abandoned for the benefit of spellings that explicitly represent dialectal pronunciations. Interestingly, in some cases these dialectal spellings do not correspond to the pronunciation of the writers who, instead, opt for a pronunciation closer to that of the standard language.
Irish autonomous verbs in a semantic-pragmatic interface: Some reflections on information structure-driven valency reduction
Authors: Masia Viviana
Published: April 2024

Autonomous verbs in Irish are special verb forms incompatible with the surface realization of a subject. Previous studies have suggested to postulate empty categories such as pro, PRO or expletive pro to fill the subject position (cf. Stenson 1989; McCloskey 2007; Bondaruk/ Charzyńska-Wóicjk 2003), thus rejecting the idea that these verbs might be classified as completely subjectless. A series of syntactic tests bear out the hypothesis that, at least for Irish, these verbs behave as actually lacking a subject. I first suggest correlating this state of affairs to the fact that, with autonomous verbs, no argument role to be promoted to subject position is selected at the valency level, although it is “implied” in the unfolding of the event. Secondly, I argue that both valency reduction and syntactic non-realization of an argument role is driven by information structural constraints; notably, the focal nature of autonomous verbs (as advocated elsewhere, cf. Nolan 2012) causes the subject (together with the argument role it is associated with) to be informationally downgraded, thereby leading to its suppression in the sentence. The position held in this paper is that autonomous verbs of the Irish type epitomize an interesting phenomenon of semantic-pragmatic interface, with the pragmatic level of the utterance “mediating” between the semantic and the syntactic level; in such a perspective, the pragmatic (information structural) level of an utterance would determine either the number and type of argument roles a verb can take in a particular discourse context (cf. DuBois 1987; Goldberg 2006) and their syntactic encoding.
From Mere Precious Metal to Divine Weapon: The Despoliation Motif and the Fate of the Temple Vessels
Authors: Martins Francisco
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study examines the transformation of the motif of the despoliation of the temple vessels in the Hebrew Bible. Opening with a comparison between 2 Kgs 24:13 and 2 Kgs 25:13–17, I proceed to analyze the representation of the fate of the vessels in the books of Chronicles, Jeremiah, Ezra, and Daniel. As suggested by Peter R. Ackroyd, the cultic vessels emerged as a “continuity theme” in the exilic and postexilic literature. In this article, I explore how this literary phenomenon triggered changes in the perception and depiction of the despoliation(s) of the temple vessels at the hands of the Babylonians. These changes paved the way for what was initially portrayed as mere precious metal to become a token of continuity, and, in a surprising twist, God’s “secret weapon” in the land of Judah’s exile.
Crying Gate Bars and Fleeing Refugees: The Polysemy of בריחה in Isaiah 15
Authors: Hunt Michelle D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: As recognized among the textual witnesses, the first word in Isa 15:5aβ, [inline-graphic 01i], has multiple meanings. The form can mean “her gate bars,” which coheres with the preceding verses concerning Moab’s destroyed cities (Isa 15:1–5a), or “her refugees,” which coheres with verses concerning the flight of Moab’s refugees (Isa 15:5b–9). Despite the polysemy evinced among the textual witnesses, [inline-graphic 01i] is generally translated as “her refugees” in modern scholarship. Moreover, some scholars have observed a unit division between vv. 4 and 5, further distancing the possibility of reading [inline-graphic 01i] in the context of vv. 1–4 and thus appreciating the polysemy of the word. Through the use of delimitation criticism, I argue that the ancient witnesses did not observe a unit division between vv. 4 and 5. Moreover, the double meanings of [inline-graphic 01i] hinge the chapter together, both reflecting on Moab’s destroyed cities (vv. 1–4) and anticipating the flight of her refugees (vv. 5–9).
Understanding the Synoptic Transfiguration Pericope as a Yahwistic Divine Council Scene
Authors: Lee Sanghwan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Scholars have attempted to identify traditions that could possibly stand behind the Synoptic transfiguration pericope. However, they have not come to a consensus about this issue; consequently, there is significant disagreement about what tradition(s) may have influenced the pericope. In this article, I argue that the Yahwistic divine council motif in the Hebrew Bible should be considered as a likely source that almost certainly influenced the Synoptic transfiguration pericope in terms of its elements and structure. The benefit of this novel approach is that it coherently accounts for several crucial elements that appear in the pericope.
On Romans 8 and the Integrity of Creation
Authors: Warnez Matthew T.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Romans 8:20–22 is the prooftext par excellence for the hypothesis that the natural world is fallen. The basis for that hypothesis is challenged as follows: “subjected to futility” refers principally to Gen 1:26–28, not Gen 3:17–18, and must be interpreted as such; “bondage to decay” is best understood through the OT’s naturalistic view of environmental phenomena; “groaning in labor pains” is not a periphrasis for animal suffering, but a personification of the creation–sin antipathy. While Paul assumes that sin can have extrinsic effects on creation, Rom 8:20–22 does not imply that creation was vitiated intrinsically by the fall, and thus the passage is fully compatible with the notion that the natural world retains the full extent of its prelapsarian integrity.
After the Jump: An SLSA Exchange on Platforming Games
Authors: McDonald Peter , Carloy Chris , Grasso Julianne
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: In this collaborative discussion, the three authors interrogate their investments in platforming games, a long-standing genre of video games. Connecting personal and biographical reflections on childhood play to their academic trajectories, the authors reflect on the wider meanings of the genre to players. Several critical themes emerge around the genre’s pleasures, spatial structure, cartoonish style, experiential immediacy, nostalgia, and social functions.
I Can’t Hear You: Gestures, Stereotypes, and Brushings against the Player in Dota 2
Authors: Boluk Stephanie , LeMieux Patrick
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Starting from the moment Sébastien “Ceb” Debs put a hand on his ear to taunt the crowd at the International Dota 2 Championships in Shanghai, this article investigates the way stereotypical gestures both inside and outside videogames mediate cross-cultural communication. Following Giorgio Agamben’s concept of gesture and Rey Chow’s work on stereotypes, we unfold Ceb’s “I can’t hear you” across a series of tournaments to uncover the unique ways language, race, ability, and money shape the Dota 2 metagame.
(In)Hospitable Games: Playing God, the Minecraft Effect, and the Supraphylogenesis of SimEarth
Authors: Bird Ashlee
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: This chapter draws on metaphors and themes developed in the television show Westworld to stage a close reading of the games Minecraft and SimEarth , using Noah Wardrip-Fruin’s interface theories to examine the ways earth-centered games diverge from Bernard Stiegler’s theory of epiphylogenesis and the co-constitutive evolution of man and tool, to propose a theory I have coined, supraphylogenesis, wherein, instead of an equal evolution, one surpassed the other; man surpasses the capabilities of technics, or technics and in these games their equivalent, the earth, exceed humanity (Wardrip-Fruin 2009; Stiegler 1998). This chapter seeks to trouble our understandings of video games that create a relationship between the player and the earth and what types of systems and mechanics these types of games prioritize. Are earth-based games only successful if the relationship that is cultivated falls into strict categories wherein the earth either exists as a tool for player (human) control, creativity, or knowledge, or as a form of capital? In this binary between man and machine, must earth always fall into the same category as machine? Finally, what of games that do not fall into this binary, and instead prioritize the earth and its autonomy?
Hume on Self-Government and Strength of Mind
Authors: Cotugno Albert
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Throughout his writings, Hume extols the benefits of an attribute he calls “Strength of Mind,” which he defines as the “prevalence of the calm passions over the violent” (T 2.3.3.10). But there is some question as to how he thought a person could attain this important trait. Contemporary scholars have committed Hume to the view that only indirect and social methods, such as state punishment or sympathetic pressure, could effectively cultivate it. Yet a closer examination of Hume’s corpus reveals a more direct approach applicable at the individual level. Though rarely achieved and difficult to execute, self-government of the passions is possible according to Hume. The key to success lies in harnessing the power of habit. In its most sophisticated form, the process centrally involves cultivating a certain transformative connoisseurship, the ability to appreciate regularities in one’s own mental activity and thereby alter it.
Notes from an Inquiry into Contingent Work
Authors: Demar Olive
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Drawing on Marxist and psychoanalytic frameworks, I collect notes and reflections about the experience of contingent work in the Writing Center at Amherst College, a private liberal arts college in the United States. Taking the tradition of workers' inquiry as a source of inspiration and point of departure, I chart the material relations of the job alongside its social and affective dimensions. Connecting the form that writing takes (in classrooms and scholarly publishing) to the political economic relations of higher education, I reframe writing as a means to make sense of experience rather than as a mode of professionalized conversation.
The Hegelian Art of the Table of Contents: On the logic, and tradition, of Hegel's organizational practices
Authors: Kislev S. F.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: During the early 19th century, a peculiarly systematic way of organizing books emerged in Germany. This systematization, which purported to be a rational organization of subject matter, was an outgrowth of the philosophy of Hegel. This article attempts to outline Hegel's organizational practice. It argues that Hegel's encyclopedia was a reaction against the Enlightenment encyclopedia, and that it attempted to restore the systematic mindset of pre-modern reference books. Yet it did this, not in a straightforward fashion, but by developing a method for organizing material that both stresses the interconnectedness of knowledge and promises to be highly scalable. In its attempt to trace the Hegelian organizational method, this article revisits and calls attention to a forgotten work in Hegel scholarship by Michael John Petry, who was the first writer to seriously stress the importance of classification in Hegel's work. This article is an attempt to demonstrate that Hegelianism and information organization can be brought into fruitful and mutually beneficial dialogue.
Improving image quality of a phase-added stereogram using deep learning
Authors: Baba Mahiro , Blinder David , Wang Fan , Birnbaum Tobias , Schelkens Peter , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: April 2024

The disadvantages of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using the
direct integral method are the high computational requirements with
increased object points and hologram size. This can be addressed by a
phase-added stereogram (PAS), a fast calculation method for CGHs. PAS
divides the hologram into small blocks and calculates the point-spread
functions (PSFs) of the object points in the Fourier domain of each
block. The PSF can be approximated using sparse spectra, which
accelerate calculations. However, this approximation degrades the
image quality. In this study, we improved the image quality of the PAS
using deep learning while maintaining high computational speed.
Comparison of a two-wavelength pyrometer system and spectral pyrometry for high-temperature measurements
Authors: Aljohani Sama Badr , Alshunaifi Ibrahim A. , Alqahtani Naif B. , Alfarraj Bader A.
Published: April 2024

A pyrometer system is an optically passive, non-intrusive method that uses thermal radiation law to determine temperature. It combines electronic and optical instruments to detect low-level signals of radiation measurements. Surface high-temperature measurements are successfully obtained using a two-wavelength pyrometer system. This study used a pyrometer system to achieve high stability, minimize errors due to changing emissivity, and remove background noise from the radiation measurement for surface high-temperature measurements. Temperature measurements were also obtained from Planck’s model, and the results were compared with logarithmic assumption. The precision of these measurements is improved through variable optimization of the instruments, validation of the data, and calibration of the pyrometer system. The 16 temperature measurements were obtained (800–1600°C temperature measurement range) with a correlation coefficient above 97%. The response time between temperature readings is within 785 µs. Furthermore, the high-temperature measurements were obtained with higher stability (±2.99∘C at 1600°C) and less error (less than 2.29% for Si sensor). In addition, the error of the temperature measurement was reduced from 5.33% to 0.86% at 850°C by using Planck’s model compared with using logarithmic assumption. A cooling system temperature is also optimized to reduce the error temperature reading. It was found to be at 10°C that the uncertainty was reduced from 2.29% at ambient temperature to 1.53% at 1600°C. The spectral pyrometry system was also used in comparison with the two-wavelength pyrometer system to confirm that the calibration curves of the spectral pyrometry can be used to determine temperature measurements.
Configurable dual-topological-interface-states induced reflection in hybrid multilayers consisting of a Ge2Sb2Te5 film
Authors: Ge Zekun , Sang Tian , Luo Chen , Zhang Xianghu , Pian Chui
Published: April 2024

Active control of induced reflection is crucial for many potential applications ranging from slowing light to biosensing devices. However, most previous approaches require patterned nanostructures to achieve controllable induced reflection, which hinders their further applications due to complicated architectures. Herein, we propose a lithography-free multilayered structure to achieve the induced reflection through the coupling of dual-topological-interface-states. The multilayers consist of two one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) and an Ag film separated by a Spacer, topological edge state (TES) and topological Tamm state (TTS) can be excited simultaneously and their coupling induces the reflection window. The coupled-oscillator model is proposed to mimic the coupling between the TES and TTS, and the analytical results are in good agreement with finite element method (FEM). In addition, the TES-TTS induced reflection is robust to the variation of structural parameters. By integrating an ultra-thin phase-change film of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) into the multilayers, the induced reflection can be switched through the phase transition of the GST film. The multipole decomposition reveals that the vanished reflection window is arising from the disappearance of TTS associated with the toroidal dipole (TD) mode.
O-band single-photon quantum key distributor master-to-slave injection-locked DFBLD pair
Authors: Tsou Cheng-Lin , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Matsumoto Atsushi , Akahane Kouichi , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: April 2024

In comparison with the rapidly developing progress on the optical C-band (1525-1565 nm) master-to-slave injection-locked transmitter to perform the coherent single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD), the development on the O-band (1250-1350 nm) QKD transmitter is somewhat delayed as the commercially available wavelength-matched narrow-linewidth distributed feedback laser diode (DFBLD) pair is hardly accessible up to now. By using the DFBLDs with only sub-MHz linewidth and relatively deviated wavelength for the first time, this work demonstrates the optically differential-phase-shift-keying (DPS) QKD by an O-band master-to-slave injection-locked DFBLD pair. The master and slave DFBLDs with wavelength fluctuations of ±0.05% and ±0.2 pm are controlled by a thermo-electric cooler with a feedback gain of 100. The 1-bit delay interferometer (DI) under thermo-insulation maintains its visibility at >96% with dPo/Po and dPo/dt measured below ±0.1% and ±1 × 10−3 mW/s. By RZ-OOK modulating the master DFBLD with step-like power coding at 150 µW to induce π phase shift in the injection-locked slave DFBLD, the rising-/falling-edge DPS envelope distortion of the slave DFBLD diminishes by decreasing the bias current of the master DFBLD from 7Ith (35 mA) to 2Ith (10 mA). This phenomenon enables the 128-bit DPS-QKD transmission with a quantum bit-error rate (QBER) of 3.57% and a secure key rate of 3.524 kbit/s in the 6-km SMF link. The O-band injection-locked single-photon DPS-QKD bit-stream with a mean photon number of 0.2 #/bit minimizes its decoding QBER to 3.88% and 4.84% for 512-bit and 1024-bit, respectively.
Broadband polarization-sensitive metamaterial absorber based on ladder network construction in the infrared region
Authors: Liang Zhong , Yu Haihong , shi xiaoyan , Yang Fuming , Xu Haiyang , Wu Zhe , Rui Dai , Smith David , Liu Yichun
Published: April 2024

Plasmonic resonant and metamaterial structures allow for manipulating the polarization properties of electromagnetic waves to achieve polarization beamsplitting. Broadband polarization-sensitive metamaterial absorber based on surface plasmon polaritonhas the advantages of high-energy utilization and excellent stability, which may replace traditional polarizing devices. Here, an absorber based on a ladder network construction is designed theoretically and investigated experimentally. The absorber can possess almost 92% average absorptivity for TM polarization light in 8 µm-12 µm range (experiment result: 83% from 7 µm-11 µm). It is especially sensitive to the polarization angle of incident light, and with the increase of polarization angle, the broadband absorption response can present analogously monotonous reduction. The theoretical and experiment results for TE polarization light are 12% and 25%, respectively. The broadband absorption response performs angle insensitive property under oblique incidence. The proposed metamaterial absorber open a path to realize broadband polarization-sensitive absorption based on simple nanostructure. It will possess great potential applications in high performance thermal detection and imaging fields.
Protocartularies: on the origins of the cartulary genre in Castile
Authors: Peterson David
Published: April 2024

En una serie de códices facticios de diferentes archivos monásticos castellanos hay sugerentes atisbos de tempranos cartularios en escritura visigótica que, en algunos casos, son anteriores a lo que generalmente se considera el primero ejemplo del género en Castilla, el Becerro Gótico de Cardeña (1086). Los casos más conocidos proceden del códice facticio del Becerro Gótico de Valpuesta donde existen dos secuencias largas de mediados del siglo xi; mientras que una es un dossier monotemático referido a Buezo, una secuencia aun mayor de veintidós folios puede entenderse como el precursor del género en Castilla. Del mismo siglo se conservan dos folios deteriorados al final del San Millán Bulario que, pese a tan exiguos restos, también parecen coincidir con un ambicioso cartulario anterior al perdido San Millán Gótico. Finalmente, de Santo Domingo de la Calzada tenemos dos ejemplos más que, si bien son un poco posteriores (mediados del siglo xii), subrayan cuán ampliamente establecida estaba esta metodología en Castilla desde relativamente temprano.
A simple, collaborative prioritization process for wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases in northern Tanzania
Authors: Mdetele Daniel Pius , Kagembe Q. , Thomson J. , Komba E. , Seth M. , Chengula A. , Lipende E. , Compton J. , Beckmann K. M.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Zoonotic diseases are naturally transmissible infections between animals and humans. To address these cross-sectoral health issues holistic, transdisciplinary health approaches are required. The legalization of the game meat trade in Tanzania in 2020 has created a new value chain from wild habitats to registered game meat selling facilities in human settlements, thus creating new human–animal interfaces associated with potential risks of zoonotic disease transmission among wildlife, livestock, and human populations. This study aimed to apply a simple, collaborative prioritization process to identify important zoonotic pathogens associated with wild animal taxa harvested and traded for game meat consumption in northern Tanzania.

Materials and Methods: A prioritization process was conducted to identify and rank zoonotic diseases associated with wildlife in the Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara regions of northern Tanzania to help determine the zoonotic disease risks associated with the game meat value chain. Two districts from each region were selected for this study. The prioritization process was conducted through an expert workshop that involved 41 participants, including a District Veterinary Officer, Public Health Officer, and District Game Officer from each district, as well as national One Health focal persons, zonal Veterinary and Laboratory Officers, scientific researchers, and a representative from the national Game Meat Selling Advisory Committee.

Results: Experts identified 11 common zoonotic diseases reported in these regions, of which anthrax, rabies, brucellosis, Rift Valley fever, and bovine tuberculosis were considered the most important. This finding is broadly consistent with the national priority list for zoonotic diseases.

Conclusion: This approach was time-efficient and cost-effective. In Tanzania, multi-sectoral planning, communication, and cooperation among human health, domestic animal health, wildlife health, and environmental protection have been strengthened. In the future, we recommend regular exercises using such an approach to update the information on important diseases and promote information sharing for epidemic and pandemic preparedness associated with the wild animal trade.

Keywords: epidemic and pandemic, expert opinion, game meat, one health, wildlife, zoonoses.
Design validation of the bridge girder geometry using Ansys Design
Authors: Shalash Jarah
Published: April 2024

Single-beam structure cranes are widely used for several purposes they have I-girders which aresmall in size, lightweight, and low cost. Using this to design bridge grider geometry is accomplished in ANSYS and calculated theoretically.
Investigating MIDR through AI: a case study of the city of Most in Czech Republic
Authors: Kumar Akshatha Ravi , Marji Noor , Isik Gülbahar Emir , Chen Lijun
Published: April 2024

Urban planning, which is inherently multifaceted, requires the development of innovative tools to navigate its complexities. This study introduces a pioneering approach that presents an AI-driven framework tailored for urban data collection and analysis. The impetus for this framework is highlighted through the unique narrative of Most city, which is profoundly transformed by mininginduced displacement and resettlement. While most cities serve as a vivid illustration of the challenges cities can face, especially in the wake of industrial imperatives, this study focuses on the potential of AI in addressing such challenges. The proposed framework, while grounded in advanced computational methodologies, is designed with keen emphasis on real-world applications, ensuring its relevance and adaptability. By integrating Most city’s detailed account with this AI-centric methodology, this study emphasizes the importance of a data-driven approach in understanding and addressing urban dilemmas. Importantly, this study is preparatory, laying the groundwork for the framework’s future application, especially in contexts such as Most city. By bridging advanced AI techniques with tangible urban challenges, this research illuminates a path forward, suggesting a future in which urban planning is not only informed by data but also empowered by AI’s analytical process.
General quality of urban greenery as a city indicator in Brazil in comparison with central Europe
Authors: Larrubia de Almeida Júnior Jobson , Pondělíček Michael
Published: April 2024

The evidence for climate change and its associated consequences, such as severe droughts, floods, and storms, exposed the need to investigate the ways that countries can cope with them, especially Brazil, which is a continental nation. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the urgency to consider global uncertainties. To audit it, the Pondělíček method, an indicator of the general quality of urban greenery (IOKZM), was employed. This approach considers four factors to indicate if one city is sustainable: city altitude [m], average annual temperature [°C], average annual precipitation [mm], and the total greenery area [km2] per inhabitant per year. The outcomes demonstrate that, regardless independently of the Brazilian region, geographic localization, estimated altitude range, or precipitation range may not strongly influence the BIOKZM. The impact measured in the indicator is significantly influenced by the greenery areas in Brazil. Those estimated areas are much smaller than European Union ones. Teresina’s Fkes demonstrates that if the greenery area is more than 5 (i.e., more than 50 percent), the IOKZM will be a positive outcome. The IOKZM calculated for Brazilian cities is interesting precisely because of their location in the southern hemisphere, as all the evidence of climate change subtly suggests that the climate in the southern hemisphere changes in a different way. Hence, this article can be used as an initial tool to assess whether the chosen Brazilian cities (Belém, São Luís, Guarulhos, Campinas, Porto Alegre, Teresina, and João Pessoa) can be considered “smart cities”. It is a step towards guiding mayors and other public figures in charge to create and maintain smart cities in Brazil. In addition, further studies should be conducted to contribute to this collaborative effort.
Development and causes of migration in lagging regions in the years 2017–2021: a case study of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Levický Michal , Papcunová Viera , Urbaníková Marta , Kozloková Annamária
Published: April 2024

Migration represents a process where people leave their homes for various reasons. The aim of the article is to evaluate the level and development of migration in Slovakia and to identify its causes in the Gemer region, which is among the least economically productive regions of Slovakia. We quantified the development and level of migration based on secondary data through selected analytical indicators of migration. We determined the motivations of the residents of the Gemer region to migrate using a questionnaire survey. Until 2004, Slovakia was an emigration country, but in recent years it has turned into a destination country. However, the situation is not the same for all regions of the country. A negative migration balance persists in the Gemer region, although restrictions related to the coronavirus pandemic have slowed this trend. We found that up to 21 % of respondents from the region migrate for work. Up to 45 % of respondents want to move out of the region, while in 64 % of cases the migration is motivated by economic reasons. The opinion on migration is influenced by the gender of the respondent but is not related to the level of education achieved.
Wpływ stopnia polimeryzacji bloku estrowego na strukturę oraz właściwości blokowych terpolimerów estrowo-eterowo-amidowych
Authors: Rokicka Joanna , Janik Jolanta , Schmidt Beata , Wilpiszewska Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Otrzymano nowe multiblokowe elastomery termoplastyczne (TPEEA) składające się z krystalicznego bloku amidowego, amorficznego bloku eterowego oraz pełniącego rolę kompatybilizatora bloku estrowego o zmiennym stopniu polimeryzacji. Wykazano, że rozdział fazowy zachodzi w fazie twardej. TPEEA posiadające krótkie łańcuchy estrowe składają się z eterowej ciągłej matrycy i rozproszonych w niej krystalicznych domen poliamidowych. Na granicy faz znajduje się duży obszar międzyfazowy. Wzrost długości bloków estrowych powoduje oddzielenie się fazy krystalicznej estru.
Mechanical and thermal properties of rigid PVC and graphene nanocomposites obtained by melt–mixing
Authors: Wilczewski Sławomir , Skórczewska Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Jolanta , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Şentürk Ömer Faruk
Published: April 2024

The effect of graphene (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt%) on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of rigid PVC was investigated. The morphology and thermal  properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric thermal  analysis (TGA). Additionally, tensile properties, impact  strength and hardness were determined. It was found  that the addition of graphene can increase the impact strength and hardness and extend the thermal stability time of PVC.
Making sense of the labour movement as we confront the burden of the future
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, Marks Monique
Published: April 2024

Professor MONIQUE MARKS presents a unique take on the new challenges and opportunities facing the labour movement in South Africa today. In a speech she gave at the 1973 Durban Strikes 50th Remembrance last year to celebrate the significance and the gains of the ‘Durban Moment,’1 she emphasised the need to provide hope and a sense of belonging to those currently relegated to the margins of society.