bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insights into the diversity of stochastic solutions and dynamical analysis for the complex cubic NLSE with δ-potential through Brownian process
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad Naveed , Rafiq Muhammad Hamza , Alsaud Huda
Published: January 2025

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation is a key tool for modeling wave propagation in nonlinear and dispersivemedia. This study focuses on the complex cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with δ-potential,explored through the Brownian process. The investigation begins with the derivation of stochastic solitarywave solutions using the modified exp(−Ψ(ξ)) expansion method. To illustrate the noise effects, 3D and 2Dvisualizations are displayed for different non-negative values of noise parameter under suitable parametervalues. Additionally, qualitative analysis of both perturbed and unperturbed dynamical systems is conductedusing bifurcation and chaos theory. In bifurcation analysis, we analyze the detailed parameter analysis nearfixed points of the unperturbed system. An external periodic force is applied to perturb the system, leadingto an investigation of its chaotic behavior. Chaos detection tools are employed to predict the behavior of theperturbed dynamical system, with results validated through visual representations. Multistability analysisis conducted under varying initial conditions to identify multiple stable states in the perturbed dynamicalsystem, contributing to chaotic behavior. Also, sensitivity analysis of the Hamiltonian system is performedfor different initial conditions. The novelty of this work lies in the significance of the obtained results, whichhave not been previously explored for the considered equation. These findings offer noteworthy insights intothe behavior of the complex cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with δ-potential and its applications infields such as nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics and Bose-Einstein condensates.
A low-cost transhumeral prosthesis operated via an ML-assisted EEG-head gesture control system
Authors: Choi Benjamin J , Liu Ji
Published: January 2025

Objective. Key challenges in upper limb prosthetics include a lack of effective control systems, the often invasive surgical requirements of brain-controlled limbs, and prohibitive costs. As a result, disuse rates remain high despite potential for increased quality of life. To address these concerns, this project developed a low cost, noninvasive transhumeral neuroprosthesis—operated via a combination of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and head gestures. Approach. To address the shortcomings of current noninvasive neural monitoring techniques—namely, single-channel EEG—we leveraged machine learning (ML), creating a neural network-based EEG interpretation algorithm. ML generation was guided by two underlying goals: (1) to improve overall system performance by combining discrete models using a prediction voting scheme, and (2) to favor model diversity within these new neural network ensembles, as opposed to individual model performance. EEG data from eight frequency bands was collected from human subjects to train a ML algorithm employing a hierarchical mixture-of-experts structure. We also implemented head gesture-based control to assist in the generation of additional stable classes for the control system. Main results. The final model performs competitively with existing EEG interpretation systems. Inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based head gestures supplement the neural control system, with 270° actuation of synovial elbow and radial wrist joints driven by intuitive corresponding head gestures. The brain-controlled prosthesis presented in this study costs US$300 to manufacture and achieved competitive performance on a Box and Block Test. Significance. These results suggest proof-of-concept for potential application as an alternative to current prosthetics, but it is important to note that the demonstration in this study remains exploratory. Future work includes broader clinical testing and exploring further uses for the developed ML system.
Design and validation of the PCIe card in a readout system for MAPS based telescope
Authors: Liang Qiming , Lang Lei , Chen Kai , Liu Jun , He Shaoxiang , Xiao Le , Yin Weigang , Yang Chenfei
Published: January 2025

MAPS (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors) are emerging as the leading technology for inner tracking detectors in future particle physics and nuclear physics experiments. At CCNU (Central China Normal University), the MIC series MAPS ASICs are currently under development. To facilitate the evaluation of these chips and the readout of telescopes with multiple modules, a flexible chip readout and data acquisition system is being developed. This system comprises a front-end kit and a back-end PCIe-based system called PiDAQ. The PiDAQ card, PDQ142, is built with the AMD Versal Prime series FPGA VM1402. Key features of this board include: PCIe Gen4×8 bus supports throughput up to 14.76 GB/s;
on-board memory modules support data buffering with an average throughput exceeding 37.7 GB/s. Furthermore, the board is designed to interface with up to eight front-end modules in speed up to 28 Gb/s per lane, making it ideal for future telescope applications. This paper details the design, hardware, firmware, and preliminary validation of the PDQ142 system.
Chitosan and ibuprofen grafted electrospun polylactic acid/gelatin membrane mitigates inflammatory response
Authors: Ma Qiaolin , Yin Anlin , Wan Xinjian , Sun Binbin , Wang Hongsheng , El-Newehy Mohamed , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen , Mo Xiumei , Wu Jinglei , Tu Tian
Published: January 2025

Electrospun membranes with biomimetic fibrous structures and high specific surfaces benefit cell proliferation and tissue regeneration but are prone to cause chronic inflammation and foreign body response. To solve these problems, we herein report an approach to functionalize electrospun membranes with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components to modulate inflammatory responses and improve implantation outcomes. Specifically, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/gelatin (Gel) fibers were grafted with chitosan (CS) and ibuprofen (IBU) via carbodiimide chemistry. Our results show that the surface modification strategy endows electrospun membranes with moderate antibacterial activities and sustained release of anti-inflammatory drugs. The electrospun PLA/Gel-CS-IBU membrane showed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by suppressing M1 polarization and promoting M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro. Similarly, it induced significantly milder chronic inflammatory responses in vivo than unmodified electrospun membranes. Given the good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, this strategy might improve the biological performance of electrospun membranes as implants in clinics.
Saving gas through cross-border renewable and nuclear electricity generation
Authors: Halser Christoph , Keles Dogan , Paraschiv Florentina
Published: January 2025

In fossil fuel-driven electricity markets, gas power plants are mostly the price setting technology in peak demand hours. At the same time, gas technology has the role of balancing out the volatility of increasing shares of intermittent renewable generation. This interdependence, coupled with recent fears of supply shortages, raises the question how gas-fired generation can be replaced with carbon-free technologies. Controlling for fundamental supply and demand in the interconnected markets, we quantify the effect of intermittent renewable and nuclear generation in neighboring markets on the use of natural gas for electricity generation in Germany. Findings indicate that cross-border intermittent wind, PV, and nuclear generation significantly reduce the need for German gas. We further show Germany’s dependency on French cross-border nuclear energy to supplement the gas unavailability during the gas crisis period. We argue for larger market coupling and flexible generation alternatives and adaptive demand solutions including cross-border capacities for substituting gas when renewable generation is low across Europe.
The role of technology for green entrepreneurship in southeast asia
Authors: Viona P Y , Febby P C
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to analyze the development of green entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia using bibliometric analysis. This method was used to assess many research works in the fields of “technology,” “entrepreneurship,” and “sustainability” of 2673 publications on green entrepreneurship with digital technology in Southeast Asia from 2000 to 2023. This study investigated the challenges and characteristics of green entrepreneurship research and visualized the bibliometric network using the R Biblioshiny analysis package to identify key clusters and relationships among the publications. Findings revealed a significant surge in academic interest in this topic, primarily focusing on technology’s role in driving innovation and sustainable business growth. The increasing international collaboration highlighted the global significance of this issue. However, the study identified challenges hindering the widespread adoption of green entrepreneurship, such as limited access to finance and adequate infrastructure. While the potential was substantial, adopting digital technology in green businesses is still hampered by entrepreneurs’ lack of awareness and skills. The study recommended several measures to address these challenges, including the implementation of supportive policies, enhancement of educational programs, increased financial accessibility, development of sustainable infrastructure, and strengthened collaboration among stakeholders. Thus, Southeast Asia can fully leverage the potential of green entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable economic growth and address environmental issues.
Harmonizing work behaviour, social equity, and green culture in urban living: the moderating role of sustainable cities green technology
Authors: Judijanto L , Liestyowati D , Andiyan A , Umam R , Indah D Y
Published: January 2025

Green technology is becoming more popular. This article discusses sustainable cities that balance economic opportunity, social equality, and environmental awareness. Sustainable cities prioritize improvements in air quality, efficient waste management, and the provision of essential services. Socioeconomic, environmental, and technical issues impede urban living. Labor, social justice, and ecology are integrated into sustainable cities. Effective urban planning, sustainable technology, and accessible transit are essential. Green technology reduces pollution, conserves resources, and promotes renewable energy. Sustainable behavior needs green technology. A Google Forms poll gathered data from 132 Bandung baristas. The data were analyzed using SEM PLS. This research investigates how work behavior, social equity, and green culture contribute to the development of sustainable cities through the application of green technology. To accomplish economic development and environmental stewardship via green technology, careful planning, community involvement, work behavior, social equality, and green culture must be prioritized. This research provides valuable insights into promoting sustainable urban living through green technology and community engagement. By embracing green technologies and adopting environmentally responsible behaviors, individuals contribute to both societal and environmental sustainability, thereby strengthening the resilience of cities.
Green urban aquaculture: key environmental impacts and conservation strategies – a case study of Jakarta
Authors: Hendarti R , Linggarjati J , Kurnia J C , Fadhilah F I P , Rabbani H S
Published: January 2025

Green aquaculture refers to emerging sustainable practices that minimize environmental impact and optimize efficiency in aquatic food production. It aligns with broader sustainable agriculture goals, focusing on eco-friendly methods, resource efficiency, and responsible management of aquatic ecosystems. This paper presents the influence of urban environments in supporting and enhancing critical aspects of green aquaculture, with a particular emphasis on environmental impact and conservation. Urban aquaculture presents unique challenges and opportunities, especially in densely populated areas, such as Jakarta, where resource management and environmental preservation are critical. Integrating aquaculture into urban settings potentially reduce the environmental footprint of food production while enhancing local food security and economic growth. In addition to environmental conservation, this paper explore the Environmental Impact Assessment (EAI) methodology in analysing the feasibility study of urban aqua culture particularly in Jakarta. The study found that Jakarta’s green aquaculture project involves a multifaceted approach that addresses air quality, flood risks, and water pollution. By systematically assessing these factors and implementing appropriate mitigation strategies, a green aquaculture can be developed sustainably, contributing positively to the local environment and community while minimizing adverse impacts.
Promoting environmental awareness among gen-z in densely populated region. how does social reference matter?
Authors: Kabbaro H , Mashabi N A , Arlianty L S , Amanda L
Published: January 2025

Densely populated areas have a high level of waste contributors. Dealing with waste and environmental quality must be challenging for the Zillennial Generation (Gen-Z), who are familiar with fast and instant processes. This study aims to analyze the influence of social references on environmental awareness in Gen-Z in densely populated areas. The research was conducted in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia’s two most populous areas. The study involved 378 Gen-Z in Jakarta and 420 Gen-Z in Bandung. The method used in this research is a survey method using a questionnaire. The simple linear regression test results show that there is a significant influence of social reference variables on environmental awareness (0,000 < 0,05). The regression equation shows that if the social reference variable increases by one unit, the environmental awareness variable increases by 0,815. Increased social referrals are likely to raise environmental awareness in Gen-Z. Developing youth environmental communities in densely populated regions among Gen-Z needs to be encouraged to increase environmental awareness for the nation’s next generation. The government, educators and the private sector need to strengthen the peer group approach to raise the environmental awareness of Gen-Z, which is the largest population category in Indonesia.
Impact of COVID-19 on Aquaculture Sector in Sabah
Authors: Ramli Hazza Roshada , Mamat Zawawi Mohd Fauzan , Jaili Irwandih Mat
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic had a direct and indirect impact on the aquaculture sector in Sabah. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of how this epidemic affects is very important to be used as a reference. The questionnaire involved four sections which are demographics, background, issues and challenges during COVID-19 as well as the impact and knowledge related to COVID-19 on aquaculture activities. A total of 74% of respondents strongly agreed that this COVID-19 had a big impact on aquaculture-related activities in Sabah while 26% of respondents expressed a neutral stance on this issue. Therefore, survey results revealed that pandemic COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of aquaculture sector including the supply of aquaculture stocks, bureaucratic problems and the demand for aquaculture products.
Estimating the number of foreign tourists using artificial intelligence algorithm and analyzing the socio-economic impact on the community
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Iswanto D , Asidah E , Ariani Z , Harun R R , Mandailina V
Published: January 2025

The high interest of foreign tourists to a region will affect the socio-economic indicators of the community. This study aims to forecast the number of foreign tourists to West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) using the backpropagation-relevance vector machine (BP-RVM) algorithm with the last 10 years of data. Forecasting using architecture is 12-25-7-3-1, activation function is radbas-logsig-logsig-purelin, training function is trainrp, learning rate is 0.1, momentum is 0.9, and RBF gamma is 0.01. The forecasting results show that in 2024 it is predicted that there will be 986,109 foreign tourists with a monthly average of 82,176, a decrease of 3.67%. The impact of foreign tourist arrivals in NTB (1) over the past three years has been significant and multidimensional, including quality of life, living standards, education, migration, public health, contribution of the tourism sector, regional income, and investment, (2) infrastructure development such as roads, bridges, and airports increased, (3) tourist demand encouraged the growth of MSMEs, (4) vocational training and education was organized, (5) the education curriculum in several schools was adjusted to the needs of the tourism industry, (6) the tourism sector contributed 10.62% to NTB’s GRDP and generated IDR 10 trillion in foreign exchange, (7) regional income from tourism reached IDR 2.5 trillion which was used for infrastructure development and public services, and (8) investment in the tourism sector created new jobs, reduced unemployment, and increased local community income. The implementation of these research findings suggests that to sustain and enhance the tourism sector’s contribution to the economy of West Nusa Tenggara, local government efforts should focus on infrastructure improvements, vocational training development, and curriculum adjustments to meet the tourism industry’s needs.
Opportunities and challenges of local content-based broadcasting models in north Sumatra province digitalization era
Authors: Mazdalifah  , Trimurni F , Jali F M
Published: January 2025

Local content models must be developed so as not to be crushed by other content in the digital era. This study explored the opportunities and challenges of local content-based broadcasting models in the digitalization era of North Sumatra Province. This study used a quantitative method with 400 respondents and conducted in-depth interviews with four informants: the regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, Medan TVRI, Efarina TV, and Commercial Radio Practitioners. The study results indicated that broadcasting institutions place local content rarely watched at times, the quality was inadequate, and the broadcasts are continuously repeated. Commercial radio broadcasting institutions indicated that local content is an option to gain identity, deliberately preserved to gain characteristics and a wider audience. Opportunities for local content-based broadcasting models in the digital era in North Sumatra Province can develop broader and richer programs on television and radio. The challenges faced were human resources in terms of skills and mentality, creativity, production costs, facilities, and infrastructure. Another challenge was that more and more competitors had specific characteristics, and it was difficult to get local content advertising positions because they had to compete with other media players to get the market.
The circular economy approach towards integrated and intensive rabbit farming
Authors: Sunendar  , Budiyoko  , Berliana D , Afandri
Published: January 2025

Rabbit farming had significant potential for advancing sustainable agricultural development in Indonesia, particularly in improving farmers’ welfare, increasing access to food, and enhancing soil fertility in agricultural lands. Integrating with agriculture led to increased land productivity and enhanced farmer welfare. The economic value of rabbits drove this potential, the availability of feed, and the suitability of the climate, which collectively contributed to efforts in food security. This study explored the application of the linear economy model in an integrated and intensive rabbit farming system managed by a forest community group in Kemutug Lor Village, Banyumas District. The research was conducted using a case study method, with data collected and analysed using a mixed-method approach, combining phenomenological and quantitative methods. Implementing circular economy principles into rabbit farming, integrated with home food gardening, showed positive economic and environmental impacts. Economically, the rabbit farming activities demonstrated an RC ratio greater than one, providing an additional source of income for farming households. Environmentally, this integration contributed to reducing environmental impacts by minimising the direct disposal of waste that could cause pollution and decreasing reliance on chemical fertilisers, indirectly enhancing the environment.
The role of environmental attitude as a mediating variable on green purchasing behavior of the young generation and the implication for smes to increase their environmental awareness
Authors: Novela S , Synfah M , Lee T M S A
Published: January 2025

A rising trend in eco-friendly products indicates a health-conscious approach to green buying [1]. The tendency to buy eco-friendly products is driven by various factors, both inside and outside influences. This study aimed to analyze the purchasing behavior of environmentally friendly products by examining the influence of interpersonal influence, altruism, and environmental knowledge on green purchasing behavior, with environmental attitude as a mediator. The population in this study were young people who bought environmentally friendly products. The sample was 153 respondents and was analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with the Smart-PLS Program. The analysis showed a significant relationship between interpersonal influence, altruism, and environmental knowledge on green purchasing behavior, with environmental attitude as a mediator. The results analyzed the impact on small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly those targeting the younger demographic, whose managers had to pay greater attention to environmentally friendly products.
Economic empowerment of coastal female farmers on the north coast of Java through implementing CSR program
Authors: Istiqomah I W , Harisudin M , Wibowo A
Published: January 2025

Women play an essential part in development, but their role is often neglected. The attempt to economically engage women is one surviving strategy for the coastal people identical to poverty. Ironically, women’s participation in economic activity is still so low that an initiative for women’s empowerment is needed, just like the 5th point of the Sustainable Development Goals. Corporation, through CSR programs, contributes to realizing women’s empowerment. This research aimed to analyze the process of women’s empowerment through CSR programs. The qualitative research with a case study approach took place on the north coast of Java, precisely in Pangkalan Village, Sluke Sub District, Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were gathered by conducting in-depth interviews with female farmers, agricultural extensionists, village government officers, and community development officers of PT. PLN Nusantara Power UP Rembang (Rembang Service Unit of PT. PLN Nusantara Power) was supported by data resulting from observation and documentation. Research showed that empowerment was carried out by organizing women in a farmer group through planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Planning was carried out through problem identification, potency, and target need mapping. The implementation involved facilitating the improvement of human resources through training and comparative studies, group development, and the provision of facilities and access to marketing. Monitoring and evaluation were held periodically throughout the group’s routine meetings. In conclusion, the CSR program can positively change women’s improved economic innovation, supported by synergic collaboration among stakeholders.
Unraveling the roots of poverty in industrial area: challenges to be overcome and the path towards sustainable solutions
Authors: Pratama I N , Sutarna I T , Hadi A , Hidayatullah  , Kusuma L S T
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to find solutions to the root causes of poverty in the industrial area of PT. Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara because industrial areas often experienced gaps in the distribution of economic benefits, resulting in social inequality. This study used a qualitative method. The informants of this study were the Jereweh District Government and Maluk District, PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara, and the community, with a total of fifteen informants taken using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis techniques used Nvivo 12 Plus. The study results showed that the industrial area was connected to PT. Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara still had a significant economic gap between its communities. This study proposed policy recommendations based on four pillars: responsiveness, adaptability, collectivity, and innovation. Regarding responsiveness, increasing access to information through online platforms was a priority to ensure the community could access economic empowerment programs. Meanwhile, adaptability emphasized the active involvement of the community in the planning and implementation of programs, as well as the importance of transparency and accountability. Regarding collectivity, a communication forum was formed between the community, government, and industry to strengthen dialogue and cooperation. Finally, from the innovation side, it was suggested that the sharing economy and crowdfunding be implemented to expand access to capital for MSMEs and provide scholarships and social assistance to support education and social mobility. Addressing poverty in industrial areas requires a holistic and sustainable approach that actively involves various parties.
Entrepreneurial marketing on MSMEs as a socio-economic development for sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Jannah M , Pranjoto R G H
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected various sectors, including the creative economy. Nevertheless, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have demonstrated resilience in these challenging conditions. This resilience highlights the role of MSMEs in socio-economic development and their competitive advantage for future sustainability. MSMEs require not only conventional marketing strategies but also entrepreneurial marketing (EM). This study utilized purposive sampling. The findings indicated that all EM variables derived from the ENMAR Scale, such as Proactive Marketing and Network Attention, have positively influenced MSME performance. Conversely, Innovative Marketing has shown a negative impact, while Opportunity Resource Leveraging and Acceptable Risk have not significantly affected MSME performance. Future research is encouraged to explore firm performance more comprehensively, focusing specifically on marketing, innovation, and financial performance.
Study on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with minimal surface structures: effects of different heat treatment temperatures
Authors: Qian Kai , Liu Shuangyu , Zhang Fulong , Hang Guihua , Cui Bo , Guo Ziwei , Zhang Qiushi , Binhua Wang
Published: January 2025

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures are widely used in scaffold design for biomaterials due to their excellent porous architecture and mechanical properties. This study utilized selective laser melting (SLM) to fabricate TPMS scaffold models with porosities of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, based on Gyroid and Primitive unit cells. Compression tests were conducted to investigate the changes in mechanical properties of TPMS scaffolds before and after heat treatment. The mechanisms underlying these changes were elucidated through fracture morphology analysis, microstructural observation, and finite element simulation. Results indicate that Gyroid porous scaffolds exhibit superior compressive performance compared to Primitive scaffolds, with yield strength inversely related to porosity—lower porosity corresponds to higher yield strength. During compression, Primitive scaffolds exhibited a layer-by-layer stacking failure mode, whereas Gyroid scaffolds displayed a 45° shear failure mode. The Gyroid porous scaffolds showed uniform and continuous stress distribution, and heat treatment effectively relieved residual stresses, enhancing yield strength and toughness. In contrast, Primitive porous scaffolds demonstrated stress concentration regions that reach yield limits under compression, leading to fracture. Heat treatment did not alleviate these stress concentrations but instead reduced the material’s yield limit, accelerating scaffold failure.
Assessing moisture content in XLPE power cables using frequency-dependent tangent delta measurements
Authors: Gugulothu Babu Naik , Lakshminarayanan Sanjay , Palati Madhu , Haleyur Lakshmegowda Suresh , Bukya Mahipal
Published: January 2025

The reliability of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)-insulated power cables, mostly used for electricity distribution and transmission in urban areas, is often compromised due to the lack of effective condition-based monitoring systems. This leads to difficulties in early fault detection and increased risk of unscheduled outages, and failures, particularly in cable end terminations. This research aims to develop a robust and accurate methodology for estimating moisture content in XLPE cable end terminations to enhance condition-based monitoring and ensure reliable power delivery. The study employed frequency domain spectroscopy to examine the dielectric properties of XLPE cable samples with varying moisture content levels. A novel predictive formula was derived to estimate moisture content using dielectric frequency response (DFR) supported by validation through sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) tests. We conduct an experiment to estimate the moisture content and observe satisfactory agreement between the experimental and theoretical values. The proposed method achieved a high accuracy of 96%; the percentage error variation was minimal in moisture estimation, outperforming existing techniques. This study provides a practical and reliable approach for monitoring XLPE cable condition, particularly at end terminations. The proposed methodology ensures accurate moisture content estimation, enabling early fault detection and reducing the risk of unscheduled outages. This advancement has major implications for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of urban power systems.
Automated detection of traumatic bleeding in CT images using 3D U-Net# and multi-organ segmentation
Authors: Nurfauzi Rizki , Baba Ayaka , Nakada Taka-Aki , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Nomura Yukihiro
Published: January 2025

Traumatic injury remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with traumatic bleeding being one of its most critical and fatal consequences. The use of whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) in trauma management has rapidly expanded. However, interpreting WBCT images within the limited time available before treatment is particularly challenging for acute care physicians. Our group has previously developed an automated bleeding detection method in WBCT images. However, further reduction of false positives (FPs) is necessary for clinical application. To address this issue, we propose a novel automated detection for traumatic bleeding in CT images using deep learning and multi-organ segmentation; Methods: The proposed method integrates a three-dimensional U-Net# model for bleeding detection with an FP reduction approach based on multi-organ segmentation. The multi-organ segmentation method targets the bone, kidney, and vascular regions, where FPs are primarily found during the bleeding detection process. We evaluated the proposed method using a dataset of delayed-phase contrast-enhanced trauma CT images collected from four institutions; Results: Our method detected 70.0% of bleedings with 76.2 FPs/case. The processing time for our method was 6.3 ± 1.4 min. Compared with our previous ap-proach, the proposed method significantly reduced the number of FPs while maintaining detection sensitivity.
Primes in Arithmetic Progressions to Large Moduli III: Uniform Residue Classes
Authors: Maynard James
Published: January 2025

We prove new mean value theorems for primes in arithmetic progressions to moduli larger than

x

1

/

2

x^{1/2}

, extending the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem to moduli of size

x

1

/

2
+
δ

x^{1/2+\delta }

which have conveniently sized divisors. The main feature of these estimates is that they are completely uniform with respect to the residue classes considered, unlike previous works on primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli.
Biotic interactions
Authors: Phillips Ben
Published: January 2025

This chapter points out that most invasions will be subject to interactions with the other organisms inhabiting the invaded space. This chapter looks at how biotic interactions are classified and shows where we can expect ecological and evolutionary outcomes from these interactions. The chapter looks in particular at the ecological and evolutionary effects of predation and competition on the invasion process. The chapter also examines hybrid zones as a form of biotic interaction and shows how hybrid zones can be understood as an invasion.
Margaret Bonds
Authors: Cooper John Michael
Published: January 2025

Composer, pianist, teacher, and social-justice activist Margaret Bonds (1913–72) fought against racism, sexism, and economic injustice throughout her career, amassing a portfolio of social-justice compositions unrivaled in eloquence and originality and challenging long-standing barriers between Black and White, male and female, popular and classical. But most of her more than four hundred compositions have remained unknown and her life and work have been consistently viewed through the lens of specious racist and sexist biographical tropes that ultimately have little to do with Bonds as her own world knew her. This book draws on an unprecedented mass of biographical, musical, and other documentary archival evidence to offer a fresh portrait of Margaret Bonds that not only brings to light the numerous groundbreaking activities that led to her success in her lifetime but also reveals her to have been an activist and creative achiever whose work is as much of our time as it was of her own.
Introduction
Authors: Audi Robert , Phillips David
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides a concise overview of Ross’s major contributions to moral philosophy and previews the contents of the different sections of the volume. The overview begins with Ross’s most important contribution to moral philosophy: his employment of the concept of prima facie duty in articulating and defending moderate deontology. It then briefly describes his pluralistic theories of the right and the good and sketches his supporting non-naturalist metaethics. The overview closes with a partial account of Ross’s historical influence and of his increasing relevance to contemporary moral theory. The final section of the chapter briefly previews the four succeeding parts of the volume, devoted respectively to the general structure of Ross’s ethical theory,; his normative ethics,; his account of virtue and vice,; and his theory of intrinsic value.
Ross’s Explanatory Resources
Authors: Kaspar David
Published: January 2025

A long-standing criticism of Ross’s moral theory is that it is deficient in the area of moral explanation. Since Ross’s plural fundamental propositions are known through intuition, and since the right action in moral situations can be determined only through intuition, his theory is often thought to have little or no explanatory power. Many contemporary Rossian intuitionists claim that prima facie duties are principles of normative moral reasons. Such reasons may be considered the grounds of our duties. To evaluate these claims we must ask, what is Ross’s view of moral explanation? To answer this properly we must examine what Ross says about prima facie duties and consider his ontological commitments. An examination of his major texts shows that what ground our duties are properties. It is properties such as promise-keeping and helping-another-in-distress and moral relations such as being-a-fellow-human and being-the-parent-of that ground them. Such explanatory properties give us good, epistemically sound materials for moral explanation. However, there are certain explanatory resources in Ross’s moral theory of which he made insufficient use. This chapter takes these explanatory resources, expands upon them, and shows how they can be used to construct a Rossian intuitionism that has greater explanatory depth and range.
Enhancement of Fat Septa: Polycaprolactone (PCL) Microspheres Boost Collagen Production in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Authors: Liu Shuo , Wang Yongshu , Gao Eric , Lin Hesheng , Wang Hang
Published: January 2025

Background

The reduction in collagen content within the subcutaneous fat layer due to aging results in thinning and weakening of the fibrous septum, leading to an unstable fat pad. Studies on the mechanism of action of polycaprolactone (PCL) collagen stimulators in the adipose layer are lacking.

Objectives

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of PCL-based filler in enhancing the fibrous septum within adipose tissue, thereby facilitating collagen and elastin synthesis in the adipose layer, while also comparing the disparities in the process between juvenile and aged individuals.

Methods

A rat model was utilized to study subcutaneous fat implantation effects of PCL-based filler. Over 4 months, the impact on fibrous septum formation was evaluated with Masson's trichrome staining and immunostainings for Types I and III collagen, and a structural evaluation through scanning electron microscopy analysis. PCL-induced collagenization mechanisms were explored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Elastin regeneration was examined with Elastica van Gieson (EVG) staining.

Results

Histological analysis demonstrated that PCL-based filler effectively stimulated collagen fiber formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in both juvenile and aged rats. Immunostainings indicated significant promotion of Types I and III collagen regeneration, primarily within the interstitial spaces among adipocytes, as well as its confirmation at the genetic level through qPCR analysis. EVG staining further unveiled the role of PCL in promoting elastin production while mitigating age-related decline.

Conclusions

PCL-based filler enhanced fat septum regeneration and deposition, demonstrating a robust, age-independent response. These findings suggest PCL-based fillers as promising therapeutic agents for rejuvenating subcutaneous adipose tissue and enhancing skin volume and elasticity in cosmetic and reconstructive contexts.
Identify potential drug candidates within a high-quality compound search space
Authors: Ru Xiaoqing , Zhao Shulin , Zou Quan , Xu Lifeng
Published: January 2025

The identification of potential effective drug candidates is a fundamental step in new drug discovery, with profound implications for pharmaceutical research and the healthcare sector. While many computational methods have been developed for such predictions and have yielded promising results, two challenges persist: (i) The cold start problem of new drugs, which increases the difficulty of prediction due to lack of historical data or prior knowledge. (ii) The vastness of the compound search space for potential drug candidates. In this study, we present a promising method that not only enhances the accuracy of identifying potential novel drug candidates but also refines the search space. Drawing inspiration from solutions to the cold start problem in recommender systems, we apply ‘learning to rank’ techniques to the field of new drug discovery. Furthermore, we propose using three similarity metrics to condense the compound search space into compact yet high-quality spaces, allowing for more efficient screening of potential drug candidates. Experimental results from two widely used datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in the new drug cold-start scenario. Additionally, we have verified that it is feasible to identify potential drug candidates within these high-quality compound search spaces. To our knowledge, this study is the first to address drug cold-start problem in such a confined space, potentially providing valuable insights and guidance for drug screening.
Review: D. Furley, ‘Variations on themes from Empedocles in Lucretius’ proem’, BICS 17 (1970), 55–64
Authors: Garani Myrto
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the scholarly impact of Furley’s study that argues in favour of Empedocles’ twofold presence in Lucretius’ DRN, both poetic and philosophical. As it concludes, in vast majority of cases the discussion of Empedocleo-Lucretian presence in Latin poetry heavily relies on it.
The end of latifundia: development in scholarship on landholding patterns in the late Roman Republic
Authors: Roselaar Saskia T
Published: January 2025

This article starts with a review of a K. D. White’s article on latifundia, long considered an essential work on landholding patterns in the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It then traces developments of the research topic in literature that has been published since. Finally, it explores present and potential future trends and the direction the research field is taking.
MetAssimulo 2.0: a web app for simulating realistic 1D & 2D Metabolomic 1H NMR spectra
Authors: Yan Yan , Jiménez Beatriz , Judge Michael T , Athersuch Toby , De Iorio Maria , Ebbels Timothy M D
Published: January 2025

Metabolomics extensively utilizes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy due to its excellent reproducibility and high throughput. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra provide crucial information for metabolite annotation and quantification, yet present complex overlapping patterns which may require sophisticated machine learning algorithms to decipher. Unfortunately, the limited availability of labeled spectra can hamper application of machine learning, especially deep learning algorithms which require large amounts of labelled data. In this context, simulation of spectral data becomes a tractable solution for algorithm development.

Here, we introduce MetAssimulo 2.0, a comprehensive upgrade of the MetAssimulo 1.0 metabolomic 1H NMR simulation tool, reimplemented as a Python-based web application. Where MetAssimulo 1.0 only simulated 1D 1H spectra of human urine, MetAssimulo 2.0 expands functionality to urine, blood, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), enhancing the realism of blood spectra by incorporating a broad protein background. This enhancement enables a closer approximation to real blood spectra, achieving a Pearson correlation of approximately 0.82. Moreover, this tool now includes simulation capabilities for 2D J-resolved (J-Res) and Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) spectra, significantly broadening its utility in complex mixture analysis. MetAssimulo 2.0 simulates both single, and groups, of spectra with both discrete (case-control, e.g. heart transplant vs healthy) and continuous (e.g. BMI) outcomes and includes inter-metabolite correlations. It thus supports a range of experimental designs and demonstrating associations between metabolite profiles and biomedical responses.

By enhancing NMR spectral simulations, MetAssimulo 2.0 is well positioned to support and enhance research at the intersection of deep learning and metabolomics.

Availability and Implementation

The code and the detailed instruction/tutorial for MetAssimulo 2.0 is available at https://github.com/yanyan5420/MetAssimulo_2.git The relevant NMR spectra for metabolites are deposited in MetaboLights with accession number MTBLS12081.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genetic diversity and environmental adaptation in Ethiopian tef
Authors: Hein Kirsten , Girma Dejene , McKay John
Published: January 2025

Orphan crops serve as essential resources for both nutrition and income in local communities and offer potential solutions to the challenges of food security and climate vulnerability. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)], a small-grained allotetraploid, C4 cereal mainly cultivated in Ethiopia, stands out for its adaptability to marginal conditions and high nutritional value, which holds both local and global promise. Despite its significance, tef is considered an orphan crop due to limited genetic improvement efforts, reliance on subsistence farming, and its nutritional, economic, and cultural importance. Although pre-Semitic inhabitants of Ethiopia have cultivated tef for millennia (4000–1000 BCE), the genetic and environmental drivers of local adaptation remain poorly understood. To address this, we resequenced a diverse collection of traditional tef varieties to investigate their genetic structure and identify genomic regions under environmental selection using redundancy analysis, complemented by differentiation-based methods. We identified 145 loci associated with abiotic environmental factors, with minimal geographic influence observed in the genetic structure of the sample population. Overall, this work contributes to the broader understanding of local adaptation and its genetic basis in tef, providing insights that support efforts to develop elite germplasms with improved environmental resilience.
Deregulated ion channels contribute to RHOBTB2-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Langhammer Franziska , Gregor Anne , Ntamati Niels R , Ekici Arif B , Winner Beate , Nevian Thomas , Zweier Christiane
Published: January 2025

While de novo missense variants in the BTB domains of atypical RhoGTPase RHOBTB2 cause a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, de novo missense variants in the GTPase domain or bi-allelic truncating variants are associated with more variable neurodevelopmental and seizure phenotypes. Apart from the observation of RHOBTB2 abundance resulting from BTB-domain variants and increased seizure susceptibility in Drosophila overexpressing RhoBTB, our knowledge on RHOBTB2-related pathomechanisms is limited. We now found enrichment for ion channels among the differentially expressed genes from RNA-Seq on fly heads overexpressing RhoBTB. Subsequent genetic interaction experiments confirmed a functional link between RhoBTB and paralytic, the orthologue of human sodium channels, including epilepsy associated SCN1A, in vivo. We then performed patch-clamp recordings on mature neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells with either homozygous frameshifts or patient-specific heterozygous missense variants in the GTPase or the BTB domains. This revealed significantly altered neuronal activity and excitability resulting from BTB domain variants but not from GTPase domain variants or upon complete loss of RHOBTB2. Our study indicates a role of deregulated ion channels in the pathogenesis of RHOBTB2-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and points to specific pathomechanisms underlying the observed genotype–phenotype correlations regarding variant zygosity, location and nature.