bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A description of the new tardigrade Macrobiotus reinhardti (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, harmsworthi group) with some remarks on the oral cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze
Authors: MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: November 2018

Six moss samples collected in the Greek part of Cyprus contained tardigrades and their eggs, also adults and eggs of a new species, Macrobiotus reinhardti sp. nov. The new species belongs to the harmsworthi group and differs from the most similar M. stellaris Du Bois-Reymond Marcus in details of the egg shell and some morphometric characters. In this paper we also propose new terminology describing the oral (mouth) cavity armature within the genus Macrobiotus Schultze, on the basis of Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation of two macrobiotid species. According to the new terminology, all groups of cuticular structures in the oral cavity should be described as bands of teeth.
Schusterphotopsis, a new genus of Sphaeropthalminae (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from California, with notes on the closely related genera Acrophotopsis Schuster and Dilophotopsis Schuster
Authors: PITTS JAMES P.
Published: November 2018

A new genus of Mutillidae from southern California, Schusterphotopsis Pitts, is described and illustrated, including the new species Schusterphotopsis barghesti Pitts. The genus can be distinguished from males of other sphaeropthalmine genera by the dilated and deeply emarginated condition of the mandibles, the posterior position and shape of the mesosternal processes, the presence of lateral carinae on the hypopygidium, and the flattened condition of the hypopygidium. A discussion of this new genus’s relationship to Acrophotopsis and Dilophotopsis is given.
A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere
Authors: Kunze Eric
Published: November 2018

In the decade or so below the Ozmidov wavenumber (N3/ε)1/2, that is, on scales between those attributed to internal gravity waves and isotropic turbulence, ocean and atmosphere measurements consistently find k1/3 horizontal wavenumber spectra for horizontal shear uh and horizontal temperature gradient Th and m−1 vertical wavenumber spectra for vertical shear uz and strain ξz. Dimensional scaling is used to construct model spectra below as well as above the Ozmidov wavenumber that reproduces observed spectral slopes and levels in these two bands in both vertical and horizontal wavenumber. Aspect ratios become increasingly anisotropic below the Ozmidov wavenumber until reaching ~O(f/N), where horizontal shear uh ~ f. The forward energy cascade below the Ozmidov wavenumber found in observations and numerical simulations suggests that anisotropic and isotropic turbulence are manifestations of the same nonlinear downscale energy cascade to dissipation, and that this turbulent cascade originates from anisotropic instability of finescale internal waves at horizontal wavenumbers far below the Ozmidov wavenumber. Isotropic turbulence emerges as the cascade proceeds through the Ozmidov wavenumber where shears become strong enough to overcome stratification. This contrasts with the present paradigm that geophysical isotropic turbulence arises directly from breaking internal waves. This new interpretation of the observations calls for new approaches to understand anisotropic generation of geophysical turbulence patches.
Playing the Part: Pseudo-Families, Wives, and the Politics of Relationships in Women’s Prisons in California
Authors: Kolb Abigail , Palys Ted
Published: November 2018

At present, little is known regarding the experience and activities of gang-affiliated women in prison. This article is based on interviews with 15 formerly incarcerated women who offered insights into their experiences. Rather than continue the territorially based street divisions they defended, the women tended, instead, to create interpersonal units in the form of families and/or sexual dyads, reconstructing hetero-normative relational patterns during the course of their incarceration. The article offers an alternative lens through which to understand human agency among incarcerated women.
Individual, Environmental, and Early Life Factors Associated With Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Women Who Exchange Sex in New York City, 2016
Authors: Rivera Alexis V. , Carrillo Sidney A. , Braunstein Sarah L.
Published: November 2018

Women who exchange sex are at an increased risk of violence from both clients and nonpaying intimate partners. This study utilizes data from the 2016 New York City National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study cycle focused on high-risk women to examine factors associated with experiencing client-perpetrated violence (CPV). Women who exchanged sex for money or drugs ( n = 330) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Adjusted log-linked Poisson regression was used to analyze individual, environmental, and early-life factors associated with experiencing CPV in the past 12 months. Compared with women who did not experience CPV, women who experienced CPV were more likely to have a household income of <$10,000 (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.29, 3.57]), have a same-sex partnership (aPR: 2.31; 95% CI: [1.23, 4.33]), have > 2 male exchange sex partners (aPR: 2.76; 95% CI: [1.28, 5.99]), find clients on the street (aPR: 2.10; 95% CI: [1.05, 3.99]), have been refused help from or avoided the police due to exchange sex (aPR: 1.88; 95% CI: [1.06, 3.32]) and to have experienced sexual violence as a minor (aPR: 2.16; 95% CI: [1.29, 3.30]). Multilevel approaches to violence prevention among women who exchange sex, particularly those who find clients on the street, should be considered.
Recipes for Prevention: An Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence Messages on Pinterest
Authors: Carlyle Kellie E. , Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Burton Candace
Published: November 2018

Social media platforms such as Pinterest are often used as venues for discussing relationships, making them ideal channels for promoting healthy relationships and preventing intimate partner violence (IPV). This is particularly relevant for IPV, which has been historically understood as a personal issue and lacked support as a significant public health issue. To explore its potential as a platform for prevention, this study examines the ways in which IPV messages on Pinterest reflect public health understandings of, and approaches to, prevention, and how Pinterest users engage with these posts. We analyzed 750 Pinterest posts about IPV using the Social Ecological Model as a theoretical framework for conceptualizing framing devices. The majority of pins (82.9%) used contextually focused thematic framing, while only 8.0% used individually focused episodic framing, and 4.4% used both. The predominance of thematic framing is contrary to findings in examinations of traditional media portrayals of IPV and is likely to facilitate sharing information and education about IPV. However, posts that mention individual causal attribution and individual solution responsibility elicit more engagement than pins that do not. Overall, the Pinterest sample was more reflective of the range of IPV experiences than previous, older analyses of traditional media content, possibly indicating that the public health approach to this issue is gaining momentum. Encouragingly, the study showed increased engagement with posts that discuss psychological abuse, indicating a potentially promising transition from an emphasis on physical abuse to the neglect of psychological abuse. Although Pinterest does still show some stereotypical portrayals of IPV similar to traditional media stories, it also shows much promise for shifting the narrative around IPV in line with the current public health approach and public health professionals should be encouraged to enter the dialogue on IPV on Pinterest.
Monitoring the growth and maturation of apple fruit on the tree with handheld Vis/NIR devices
Authors: McCormick Roy , Biegert Konni
Published: November 2018

Modern computer-controlled fruit grading and sorting facilities, with non-destructive Vis/NIR technologies based on transmission spectroscopy are now common. The main applications, at least in apple sorting, are not only to identify internal browning disorders in fruit after storage but also to grade out fruit with physiological conditions like watercore (fluid filled, glassy looking areas within the fruit flesh) in the period after harvest but before long-term storage. Usually, both these types of internal flesh disorders are not visible from the outside of the apple; thus, high-speed Vis/NIR non-destructive sorting of the individual fruit has been a considerable advancement for the fruit industry to ensure the supply of good quality apples to the end consumer.
Return and Volatility Spillover among Commodity Futures, Stock Market and Exchange Rate: Evidence from India
Authors: Maitra Debasish , Dawar Varun
Published: November 2018

This article aims to investigate return and volatility spillover among commodity, stock and exchange rate markets. The article further looks into whether there is any change in return and volatility spillover during the crisis and post-crisis periods and whether there is any in the behaviour of spillover changes between agro and non-agro based commodities. The study uses Vector Auto Regression followed along with by Granger causality are to understand the causality of returns. We have performed multivariate volatility model to study the volatility co-movement of different assets. Unidirectional return spillover from the Multi Commodity Exchange (non-agro commodity) to stock indices and exchange rates is found. Stock indices are found to influence exchange rates to return; whereas the only dollar explains the return in stock indices. Equity markets have been found to have a return spillover on NCDEX (agro commodity) during the post-crisis period. However, each asset market is found to have volatility spillover effects on the other asset market. Commodity indices have more spillover effects on stocks.
A specific immunoassay for detection of feline kidney injury molecule 1
Authors: Bland S Karlyn , Clark Mary Ellen , Côté Olivier , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to design and carry out a preliminary evaluation of a urine point-of-care test for kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in healthy and diseased cats.

Methods

Part of the feline KIM-1 gene was amplified, ligated into a plasmid with a signal peptide and monomeric human IgGFc, and transfected into a mammalian cell line. Supernatant was purified and tested for the fusion protein by gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Mice were immunized three times with purified proteins, and hybridomas were generated from splenocytes. Antibodies were tested by ELISA for detection of recombinant KIM-1 and naturally occurring KIM-1 in disease-state urine. Next, a lateral flow assay (LFA) with capture and detection antibodies was constructed, and tested with 34 urine samples from healthy and diseased cats. Antibodies were also tested for reactivity with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue.

Results

Three antibodies were assessed. Antibodies detected between 0.4 and 60 ng/ml feline KIM-1 fusion protein in the LFA. Urine samples from healthy cats yielded faint bands in the LFA corresponding to optical density (OD) values of 4.8–8.8. Samples from cats with suspected or confirmed acute kidney injury (AKI) had OD values ranging from 1.6–20.5. Urine KIM-1 varied over multiple days in cats with sepsis or urethral obstruction despite normalizing serum creatinine concentration. In tissue sections, KIM-1 antibodies labeled tubular cells with morphological features of injury.

Conclusions and relevance

A practical patient-side assay for detection of KIM-1 in feline urine has been developed. Preliminary results show marked though transient increases in cats with sepsis and urethral obstruction-associated AKI, and expression in injured tubules. Although initial data indicating that the LFA is sensitive and specific for KIM-1 in cats with AKI are promising, values associated with different types of injury, urine collection, urine storage and specific gravity need to be investigated.
Salt an Essential Nutrient: Advances in Understanding Salt Taste Detection Using Drosophila as a Model System
Authors: Kaushik Shivam , Kumar Rahul , Kain Pinky
Published: November 2018

Taste modalities are conserved in insects and mammals. Sweet gustatory signals evoke attractive behaviors while bitter gustatory information drive aversive behaviors. Salt (NaCl) is an essential nutrient required for various physiological processes, including electrolyte homeostasis, neuronal activity, nutrient absorption, and muscle contraction. Not only mammals, even in Drosophila melanogaster, the detection of NaCl induces two different behaviors: Low concentrations of NaCl act as an attractant, whereas high concentrations act as repellant. The fruit fly is an excellent model system for studying the underlying mechanisms of salt taste due to its relatively simple neuroanatomical organization of the brain and peripheral taste system, the availability of powerful genetic tools and transgenic strains. In this review, we have revisited the literature and the information provided by various laboratories using invertebrate model system Drosophila that has helped us to understand NaCl salt taste so far. We hope that this compiled information from Drosophila will be of general significance and interest for forthcoming studies of the structure, function, and behavioral role of NaCl-sensitive (low and high concentrations) gustatory circuitry for understanding NaCl salt taste in all animals.
Shape shifters: Racialized and gendered crossings in Piccadilly (1929) and Shanghai Express (1932)
Authors: Li Yumin
Published: November 2018

The Chinese American actress Anna May Wong (1905–1961) is today considered an ambivalent icon who, on the one hand, was the first Asian American film star to gain international recognition, and on the other hand, became a symbol of the hypersexualized Asian woman in film. In this article, I will analyse the crossing of racial and sexual boundaries in two of her films, Piccadilly (1929) and Shanghai Express (1932). The comparison of Piccadilly with Shanghai Express reveals the journey not only of transatlantic agents, like Anna May Wong, but also the simultaneous trajectory of sets of interrelated motifs, narratives, and aesthetic tropes. As discourses of gender and race converge into the figure of the transnational Asian American actress, Anna May Wong offers a key and privileged site to unpack and discuss them. The relationship between sexuality and race in these films has often been reduced to processes of exoticization. However, I will show that this relationship ought instead to be understood as interrelated through practices of appropriation, subversion, and cross-dressing.

By applying the term ‘exotic’ to the analysis of Anna May Wong’s performances, I aim to foreground the entangled processes of sexualization and exoticization in order to reveal that the delineation of the ‘other’ is more ambivalent than clear. The films are particularly interesting in the context of ‘sexoticization’ because they do not construct a gendered and racialized ‘other’ that is clearly distinct to a western ‘us’. Modes of appropriation and masquerade complicate the representation of the ‘sexotic’, non-European ‘other’.
Stigma, decriminalisation, and violence against street-based sex workers: Changing the narrative
Authors: Armstrong Lynzi
Published: November 2018

It is well documented that sex workers manage risks in their work – such as the potential for violence and the multiple risks associated with stigma. While sex workers are commonly understood to be a stigmatised population, few studies have considered in depth how stigma operates in different legislative contexts, how it relates to sex-worker safety, and how it may be reduced. Stigma is understood to be exacerbated by the criminalisation of sex work, which defines sex workers as deviant others and consequently renders them more vulnerable to violence. However, as full decriminalisation of sex work is still relatively rare, there has been little in-depth exploration into the relationship between this legislative approach, risks of violence, and stigma. Drawing on the findings of in-depth interviews with street-based sex workers and sex-worker rights advocates, in this article I explore the links between stigma and violence, and discuss the challenges of reducing stigma associated with sex work in New Zealand, post-decriminalisation. I argue that while decriminalisation has undoubtedly benefited sex workers in New Zealand, stigma continues to have a negative impact – particularly for street-based sex workers. Decriminalisation should therefore be considered an essential starting point. However, ongoing work must focus on countering stigmatising narratives, to enable a safer society for all sex workers.
Sexotic: The interplay between sexualization and exoticization
Authors: Schaper Ulrike , Beljan Magdalena , Eitler Pascal , Ewing Christopher , Gammerl Benno
Published: November 2018

This introduction to the special issue on the ‘sexotic’, reflects on the heuristic potential of the ‘sexotic’ lens. It situates this approach within existing research on the history of sexualization and exoticization and demonstrates how the ‘sexotic’ opens up fresh vistas on topics like mobilities and migrations, arts and media, as well as science and moralities.
Human–animal sexual relations and the construction of masculinity in livestock farming contexts: The case of Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Coca-Pérez Agustín , Cáceres-Feria Rafael , Valcuende del Río José María
Published: November 2018

The meaning of sexual practices between humans and animals cannot be understood exclusively as an identity category, a pathology, or the expression of uncontrolled sexuality. Up until now, medical-psychiatric approaches have dominated the study of these sexual practices. In the cases from south Spain that we analysed here, sexual relations with animals are, for certain males, framed within their process of learning about normative sexuality, being therefore inextricably linked with the construction of masculinity.
Sexuality and concealment among Iranian young women
Authors: Arjmand Reza , Ziari Maryam
Published: November 2018

Criminalization of sexual relations outside the institution of marriage in Iran fosters – among other means – concealment as one of the safest methods to undermine social and legal impediments. In a context where any alternative practices of sexualities are subject to persecution, sexual concealments are applied as tactics for survival. The female body in such a normative-laden society is conditioned by its “openness” which makes it a subject of honor for family and kin and core for the management of desire and regulating the intimate for the theocratic state. Based on life stories of young women who have had pre-marital sexual relations in Tehran, this article addresses sexual concealment as the main method used by those women. Findings of the study suggest a three-fold model of concealment practiced in various social settings. Body concealment which was encouraged by the families and authorities to reduce the visibility of the female body during adolescence, engenders other types of concealment. Lesbian-like practices were utilized by women in homosocial settings to undermine the heteronormative social structure. Concealment of sexual orientations, desires and practices was applied to “keep the order of things in place” and to undermine the repressive policies and practices based on the socio-religious normative.
Histologically Verified Biliary Invasion was Associated with Impaired Liver Recurrence-Free Survival in Resected Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Reijonen P. , Österlund P. , Isoniemi H. , Arola J. , Nordin A.
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims:

The impact of biliary invasion on recurrence and survival, after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, is not well known as publications are limited to small patient series. The aim was to investigate if biliary invasion in liver resected patients associated with liver relapses and recurrence-free survival. Secondary endpoints included association with other prognostic factors, disease-free survival and overall survival.

Materials and Methods:

All patients with histologically verified biliary invasion (n = 31, 9%) were identified among 344 patients with liver resection between January 2009 and March 2015. Controls (n = 78) were selected from the same time period and matched for, among others, size and number of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Results:

Median liver recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with biliary invasion than in controls (15.3 months versus not reached; p = 0.031) and more relapses were noted in the liver (61.3% versus 33.3%; p = 0.010), respectively. In univariate analyses for liver recurrence-free survival, biliary invasion was the only significant prognostic factor; p = 0.034. There were no statistical differences in disease-free and overall survival between the groups.

Conclusion:

Biliary invasion was associated with higher liver recurrence rates and shorter liver recurrence-free survival in patients with resected colorectal cancer liver metastasis.
Sexually Dimorphic Faciometrics in Black Racial Groups From Early Adulthood to Late Middle Age
Authors: Robertson Julia M. , Kingsley Barbara E.
Published: November 2018

An increasing body of research focusing on gender-related traits has utilized faciometrics in order to consider sexual dimorphism: Aspects as diverse as social heuristics, facial attractiveness, sexual orientation, aggression, and trustworthiness have all been investigated. However, the majority of these studies have tended to focus on White or Caucasian student populations and have paid little regard to either older populations or racial background. The current study therefore investigated sexual dimorphism in 450 participants (225 women) from a Black population across four age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s). In line with much previous research using White or Caucasian faces, the expected sexual dimorphism was seen in the younger age-group in three of the four indices (cheekbone prominence, facial width to lower facial height, and lower face height to full face height). However, consistent with more recent literature, the facial width to height ratio (fWHR) was not found to be significantly different between men and women in this age-group. Contrary to previous research, when considering broader age groups, the three established measures of facial sexual dimorphism, when looked at independently, remained static over time, but this was not true for fWHR. It is concluded that facial structure does not follow the same aging trajectory in all populations and care should be taken in choice of facial metric, depending on the nature of the sample under investigation.
Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Diabetic Foot Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fu Xue-Lei , Ding Hui , Miao Wei-Wei , Chen Hong-Lin
Published: November 2018

The role of smoking for wound healing in patients with diabetic foot has been unclear. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and diabetic foot wound healing. Observational studies for the association between smoking and diabetic foot wound healing of patients were systematically searched through PubMed and Wanfang Data, published up to June 2018. Healing rates of wounds were recognized as outcomes. Meta-analysis models were chosen by heterogeneity. A total of 3388 eligible studies were identified, of which 18 met all our inclusion criteria. In the smoking group, healing rate had an average of 62.1%, ranging from 20.0% to 89.6%; in the nonsmoking group, healing rate had an average of 71.5%, ranging from 40.2% to 93.8%. A significant association was found between smoking and the healing of diabetic foot wounds ( z = 3.08; P = .002), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 (95% CI = 0.56-0.88), based on a random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the heterogeneity did not come from publication year ( t = −0.50, P = .622) or overall healing rate ( t = 0.16, P = .872). The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was robust; sensitivity analysis for pooled estimate of adjusted ORs had an OR of 0.20 (95% CI = 0.07-0.56; z = 3.08; P = .002). Subgroup analysis had an OR of 0.62 (95% CI = 0.41-0.95; z = 2.21; P = .027) in retrospective cohort studies and had an OR of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.57-0.99; z = 2.02; P = .043) in prospective cohort studies. Our meta-analysis indicated that smoking had an overall negative effect on the wound healing of diabetic foot individuals. This study provides evidence for the harm of smoking to diabetic foot and may help reduce the medical and economic burden on poor healing of diabetic foot.
A state-dependent soil model and its application to principal stress rotation simulations
Authors: Wang Zhongtao , Liu Peng , Chan Andrew Hin Cheong
Published: November 2018

The plastic strain caused by principal stress rotation is one of the most important factors contributing to substantial deformation under earthquake, wave or traffic loading. The original Pastor–Zienkiewicz Mark III model, a well-known model for the analysis of the dynamic response under cyclic loading, is unable to consider the effects of principal stress orientation as well as state-dependent dilatancy. In this article, a new constitutive model for sand is developed to consider both aforementioned effects based on the original Pastor–Zienkiewicz Mark III model. There are 14 model parameters in total for the static condition and three extra parameters for cyclic loading, and a corresponding calibration method of model parameters is proposed. The predictive capability of the proposed model is verified with the results of a series of experiments on sand, including undrained monotonic tests in different fixed principal stress orientations and undrained cyclic rotational shear tests. The comparisons indicate that the proposed model can effectively incorporate the effects of principal stress orientation and state-dependent dilatancy.
Evidence of a Dose Threshold for Radiation-Induced Leukemia
Authors: Cuttler Jerry M.
Published: November 2018

In 1958, Neil Wald presented data on the incidence of leukemia among the Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. These data, which suggested a dose–response threshold for radiation-induced leukemia, were included in the first UNSCEAR report (1958). However, this evidence of a threshold was not recognized. It was obfuscated and concealed. In 2010, Zbigniew Jaworowski identified these data as evidence of radiation hormesis. A letter to the editor in 2014 and 2 articles in 2014 and 2015 presented a graph of these UNSCEAR 1958 data, which revealed a threshold at about 500 mSv. Since the blood-forming stem cells of bone marrow are more radiosensitive than most other cell types, it is reasonable to expect thresholds for inducing other types of cancer by ionizing radiation—their thresholds are likely higher than 500 mSv. A careful examination of the Wald data reveals the suprisingly low incidence of radiogenic leukemia, only 0.5% of the survivors who were in the high radiation zone. Many articles on radiation risk have been published since 2015 by other authors, but none makes reference to this evidence of a threshold, either to challenge or endorse it. In this commentary, the author addresses the comments from a colleague.
On the Distinction Between Personal Standards Perfectionism and Excellencism: A Theory Elaboration and Research Agenda
Authors: Gaudreau Patrick
Published: November 2018

Research on perfectionism is flourishing, but the unspecified distinction between perfectionism and the pursuit of excellence is a lingering issue that urgently needs conceptual, theoretical, and empirical attention. In this article, excellence and perfection are defined as distinct goals that form the basis of two different but related constructs. To move this idea forward, the term excellencism is introduced. Perfectionism and excellencism are defined and their similarities and differences are illustrated using symbolic logic and adjectives from the English lexicon. A point is made to clearly indicate that excellencism is a required reference point for reassessing the healthiness or unhealthiness of personal standards perfectionism. Using the law of diminishing returns as an analogy, a theory-driven rationale is proposed, and three alternative hypotheses are formulated. Showing that personal standards perfectionism is associated with better, comparable, and worse outcomes compared with excellencism offers the needed and sufficient conditions for respectively supporting the hypothesis that perfectionism is a healthy, unneeded, or deleterious pursuit. The propositions advanced in this theoretical article are more than incremental, and their practical implications are far-reaching: If personal standards perfectionism yields no added value or deleterious outcomes over and above excellencism, then excellence rather than perfection should be promoted.
Spillover and Crossover Effects of Work-Family Conflict among Married and Cohabiting Couples
Authors: Yucel Deniz , Latshaw Beth A.
Published: November 2018

The present study uses Wave 8 of the German Family Panel to test the spillover and crossover effects of work-family conflict on job satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and mental health for individuals (actor effects) as well as their spouses/partners (partner effects) in dual-earning couples. We further contribute by assessing whether the results vary by gender and union type. Results suggest that among married couples, for job satisfaction, there are no gender differences in actor effects (but gender differences in partner effects), and actor and partner effects remain distinct. For relationship satisfaction, there are no gender differences in actor or partner effects, but both effects remain distinct. For mental health, however, there are gender differences in actor effects (but not in partner effects), and both effects remain distinct. Among cohabitors, there are no differences in actor effects by gender, and adding in partner effects does not significantly improve the models predicting all three outcomes. Some results also suggest differences in relationship dynamics between married and cohabiting couples.
Plasma cell proliferative index is an independent predictor of progression in smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Aljama Mohammed A. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Lakshman Arjun , Dispenzieri Angela , Jevremovic Dragan , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Muchtar Eli , Fonder Amie L. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Hwa Yi Lisa , Kapoor Prashant , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: November 2018

The plasma cell proliferative index (PCPI), determined by a slide technique or by flow cytometry, detects cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and is a useful prognostic tool in patients with plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. We conducted a retrospective review analyzing the prognostic effect of PCPI in 306 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Seventy-nine (26%) patients had an elevated PCPI (>0.5). An elevated PCPI predicted an inferior time to progression (median, 3.0 vs 7.1 years for those with a low PCPI; P = .0004). Within 24 months, the progression rate was significantly higher for patients with an elevated PCPI (49% vs. 20%; P < .0001). PCPI is a valuable tool in risk stratifying patients with SMM and identifies patients with earlier progression who may benefit from closer follow-up and consideration of early intervention trials.
KIT exon 11 and PDGFRA exon 18 gene mutations in gastric GIST: proposal of a short panel for predicting therapeutic response
Authors: Barcelos Denise , Neto Ricardo Artigiani , Cardili Leonardo , Fernandes Mariana , Carapeto Fernando Cintra Lopes , Comodo Andréia Neves , Funabashi Karina , Iwamura Edna Sadayo Miazato
Published: November 2018

Background

GIST is the most common mesenchymal tumor of gastrointestinal tract and is more frequent in stomach. Its main mutations affect KIT and PDGFRA genes. Full genetic analysis panels are currently used to study mutations in GIST and other tumors. Considering that in gastric GIST KIT gene mutations in exon 11 are sensitive to IM whereas PDGFRΑ gene mutations in exon 18 (D842V) are resistant to the same drug, the aim of this study is to focus on these two molecular targets as a short alternative panel for predicting therapeutic response in gastric GIST which might optimize resources.

Methods

The genotypes of 38 cases of primary GIST were determined by performing bidirectional DNA sequencing.

Results

Exon 11 of KIT gene showed mutations in 65.3% and the exon 18 of PDGFRA gene showed 9% of cases. So it was possible to determine a subgroup of tumors which presented mutations in KIT exon 11 and PDGFRA exon 18.

Conclusion

Considering all of the foregoing analyzed globally, the application of short panel has impact on the cost and time of release of results to the physician, allowing a rapid approach to patients eligible for treatment with the target therapy.
Childhood’s End (or, We Have Never Been Modern, Except in Minecraft)
Authors: Simon Bart , Wershler Darren
Published: November 2018

This article considers Minecraft, one of the most widely played and popular video games of all time, with over 100 million copies sold. Minecraft is an open-ended strategy game about material logistics, governance, and world building. It is also about a nostalgic modernity that players desire and produce but that is everywhere complicated by the very conditions of its production. Drawing on the work of Bernhard Siegert, Svetlana Boym, Raymond Williams, James C. Scott, and Chandra Mukerji, we consider the block-, grid-, and code-level cultural techniques associated with playing the game as allegories for our increasingly complex relationship to digital culture. Minecraft is not the apotheosis of cultural domination by code as much as it is a playable parable about its complications.
Unruly Visions
Authors: Gopinath Gayatri
Published: November 2018

In Unruly Visions Gayatri Gopinath brings queer studies to bear on investigations of diaspora and visuality, tracing the interrelation of affect, archive, region, and aesthetics through an examination of a wide range of contemporary queer visual culture. Spanning film, fine art, poetry, and photography, these cultural forms—which Gopinath conceptualizes as aesthetic practices of queer diaspora—reveal the intimacies of seemingly disparate histories of (post)colonial dwelling and displacement and are a product of diasporic trajectories. Countering standard formulations of diaspora that inevitably foreground the nation-state, as well as familiar formulations of queerness that ignore regional gender and sexual formations, she stages unexpected encounters between works by South Asian, Middle Eastern, African, Australian, and Latinx artists such as Tracey Moffatt, Akram Zaatari, and Allan deSouza. Gopinath shows how their art functions as regional queer archives that express alternative understandings of time, space, and relationality. The queer optics produced by these visual practices creates South-to-South, region-to-region, and diaspora-to-region cartographies that profoundly challenge disciplinary and area studies rubrics. Gopinath thereby provides new critical perspectives on settler colonialism, empire, military occupation, racialization, and diasporic dislocation as they indelibly mark both bodies and landscapes.
Lack of G1/S control destabilizes the yeast genome via replication stress-induced DSBs and illegitimate recombination
Authors: Krol Kamil , Antoniuk-Majchrzak Justyna , Skoneczny Marek , Sienko Marzena , Jendrysek Justyna , Rumienczyk Izabela , Halas Agnieszka , Kurlandzka Anna , Skoneczna Adrianna
Published: November 2018

The protein Swi6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a cofactor in two complexes that regulate the transcription of the genes controlling the G1/S transition. It also ensures proper oxidative and cell wall stress responses. Previously, we found that Swi6 was crucial for the survival of genotoxic stress. Here, we show that a lack of Swi6 causes replication stress leading to double-strand break (DSB) formation, inefficient DNA repair and DNA content alterations, resulting in high cell mortality. Comparative genome hybridization experiments revealed that there was a random genome rearrangement in swi6Δ cells, whereas in diploid swi6Δ/swi6Δ cells, chromosome V is duplicated. SWI4 and PAB1, which are located on chromosome V and are known multicopy suppressors of swi6Δ phenotypes, partially reverse swi6Δ genome instability when overexpressed. Another gene on chromosome V, RAD51, also supports swi6Δ survival, but at a high cost; Rad51–dependent illegitimate recombination in swi6Δ cells appears to connect DSBs, leading to genome rearrangement and preventing cell death.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Allowing Consumers to Bundle Themselves: The Profitability of Family Plans
Authors: Desai Preyas S. , Purohit Devavrat , Zhou Bo
Published: November 2018

Telecommunications service is an important and growing market, with worldwide revenue exceeding $2.2 trillion in 2016. In the U.S. market, the total number of mobile wireless connections has grown from 279.6 million in 2008 to 396 million in 2016. All the firms in this market offer consumers an option of purchasing either an individual plan or a family plan. Whereas a menu of individual plans can be thought of as a means to segment the market, the theoretical challenge is to understand how a firm stands to benefit from adding family plans to its product mix. In this paper, we use a game-theoretic framework to explore the role of family plans. Interestingly, we find that even when a family plan does not draw in any new consumers, a firm can still benefit from offering these plans. This occurs primarily because a family plan enables the firm to price discriminate more effectively. In particular, because some consumers can bundle themselves and join a family plan, the firm is able to charge a higher price to single high-valuation consumers who are unable to be part of a family. Furthermore, the presence of a family plan can have a negative impact on the plan offered to single low-valuation consumers who now have to pay a higher overage price. We also show that not all family plans are profitable and that the profitability depends on the sizes of different types of families.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/mksc.2018.1121 .
The Approximability of Assortment Optimization Under Ranking Preferences
Authors: Aouad Ali , Farias Vivek , Levi Retsef , Segev Danny
Published: November 2018

Assortment optimization has received significant attention in recent revenue management and combinatorial optimization literature. In “The Approximability of Assortment Optimization Under Ranking Preferences,” A. Aouad, V. Farias, R. Levi, and D. Segev provide best-possible approximability bounds for this problem under an almost general model specification, where preferences are expressed as a distribution over rankings. This paper shows how this optimization problem relates to the computational task of detecting large independent sets in graphs, allowing the establishment of strong complexity lower bounds with respect to various problem parameters. These findings are complemented by a number of algorithms that attain essentially best-possible approximation factors, proving that the hardness results are tight up to lower-order terms. Surprisingly, their results imply that a simple and widely studied policy, known as revenue-ordered assortments, achieves the best possible performance guarantee with respect to prices.
ASSESSMENT OF FAST-SPECTRUM BLANKET LATTICES FOR BREEDING FISSILE FUEL FROM THORIUM AND DEPLETED URANIUM IN AN EXTERNALLY DRIVEN SUB-CRITICAL GAS-COOLED PRESSURE TUBE REACTOR
Authors: Bromley Blair Patrick , Alexander Jude
Published: November 2018

To ensure long-term nuclear energy security, it is advantageous to consider the use of externally driven sub-critical systems for producing fissile fuel to supply fleets of thermal-spectrum reactors as an alternative to using fast-spectrum or thermal-spectrum breeder reactors. Computational/analytical neutronics and heat transfer studies have been carried out for gas-cooled fuel bundle lattices with mixtures of fertile thorium and depleted uranium (DU) that could be used in the blanket region of a sub-critical fast reactor driven either by a fusion reactor in a hybrid fusion-fission reactor (HFFR) system, or an accelerator-based spallation neutron source in an accelerator driven system (ADS). The HFFR or ADS concept envisioned is one with a simple cylindrical geometry. The annular-cylindrical blanket is approximately 10 m long, can be made 2–5 m thick (1.0 m ≤ Rblanket ≤ 3.0 m to 6.0 m), and is filled with a repeating square lattice of pressure tubes filled with 0.5 m long fuel bundles that are made of (DU,Th)O2, with various mixtures of Th and DU, and refuelled periodically online. Although using blankets made of pure DUO2or ThO2are viable options to analyze, mixing DUO2with ThO2can help alleviate any potential proliferation concerns, since any233U produced from breeding will be denatured by the presence of238U in (DU, Th)O2.

Lattice calculations demonstrate that the total fissile content in the fuel after an extended period of burnup (50 MWd/kg) will be approximately the same, regardless of the mixture of DU and thorium used, and that the content of americium and232U in the irradiated fuel will be <0.01 wt%/initial heavy metal.
Gonadal shield: Is it the Albatross hanging around the neck of developmental dysplasia of the hip research?
Authors: Kumar A. , Chau W. W. , Hung A. L.-H. , Wong J. K.-T. , Ng B. K. W. , Cheng J. C. Y.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Prospective randomized controlled trials and long-term studies are essential future directions for building evidence-based practices in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), however, sufficient attrition in data (> 20%) can introduce bias deteriorating research quality. Pelvic radiography is synonymous with DDH assessment and so are Gonadal Shield (GS) recommendations with pelvic radiography. Nonetheless, losses to diagnostic information and inadequate protection have been increasingly implicated to GS usage, with significantly worse implications in female patients. Understandably for DDH, a disease with 80% female prevalence, the impact of GS usage on quality of radiographs and readability of radiological data may be drastic. This study aims to objectively define the implications of GS recommendations in DDH patients.

Methods

Pelvis radiographs of all DDH patients under the hip surveillance programme at a tertiary care hospital with a written protocol for GS usage were evaluated. Images were reviewed for gender, GS presence, adequate gonadal protection and obstruction of essential anatomical landmarks for pelvic indices.

Results

In all, 131 pelvis radiographs with DDH diagnoses (age: 1.25 to 6 years; 107 female, 24 male pelvises) were reviewed. Only 42.67% (56) of pelvis radiographs used GS despite the presence of a clear protocol. Useful anatomical landmarks were obstructed in 58.9% of radiographs with GS present. Lost diagnostic information was more common in female patients than male patients (68.1% versus 11.1%, p < 0.01). GS was ineffective at gonadal protection in 73.2% (41) of the pelvises with worse protection in female patients (78.7% vs 44.4%; p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Ironically, essential anatomy was obstructed in all the adequately protected female pelvises. Routine GS usage results in substantial attrition of radiographic data in DDH patients.

Level of Evidence

III
Two approaches to socially engaged art with the Hong Kong Filipino community
Authors: Vigneron Frank
Published: November 2018

The Filipino community of Hong Kong has often suffered from the way the vast majority of its members are perceived: their work as domestic helpers has created conditions for the general Hong Kong public to put them in a subservient position within the local society. Local art practitioners have recently attempted to address this issue by creating art projects aimed at changing the position of Filipino domestic workers in the social culture of the SAR. Zheng Bo created an interactive object in a public space that he himself presents as a public service, while Luke Ching (working for within the Rooftop Institute collective) organized a number of workshops aimed at bringing together the Filipino domestic helpers and the children of the family who employ them. While both approaches are designed to bring people from widely different horizons together to work out and reconcile their differences, they, however, function very differently and fulfil profoundly different missions. These two projects will be analysed and assessed in the context of the ideas of Nicolas Mirzoeff about visual culture and the frequently quoted works of Jacques Rancière in the domain of socially engaged art practices.
Faces from the detention camps – revisiting Art In the Camps (1988–91)
Authors: Yin Leung Ho
Published: November 2018

‘Refugee’ and ‘socially engaged’ are two of the very popular terms being discussed in the recent art world. This article aims to discuss the two keywords relating to the notion of ‘art outside art space’ by using a very early example in Hong Kong, Art In the Camps (AIC) (1989–91). A decade before pedagogy became a popular form to engage with people, a group of artists in Hong Kong organized a project that took place right inside the detention camp for Vietnamese refugees. This project demonstrates two layers of significance: first, it reveals a very early attempt to engage with refugees through different artistic strategies in the late 1980s; second, it shows how art could function beyond art space (in this case, art is put in the detention camp). This article will look at AIC with Foucault’s spatial theory of ‘heterotopias’. Although Foucault did not discuss the dimension of race/ethnic problems, this article would still like to borrow his understanding on the problems of classification of space through the metaphor of a mirror to interpret AIC as an early example of socially engaged art in Hong Kong. The article will be developed into two parts. First, the media representation of Vietnamese refugee in Hong Kong through newspapers published at that time. This part will also touch on how the Detention Camps, in which the British government settled Vietnamese refugees in Hong Kong, were illustrated as a space of deviation and crisis. Following images that represent the detention camps as pseudo-prisons, the second part will zoom-in at what AIC actually did inside the detention camps.