bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures
Authors: Fan Gui-Quan , Zhang Xin-Dan , He Yong-Ke , Lu Xiao-Gang , Zhong Ji-Yong , Pang Zong-Yang , Gan Xi-Yang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

There is still some room for optimizing ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures, and the preoperative and postoperative management quality for pediatric patients needs to be improved.

AIM

To discuss the safety and feasibility of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures.

METHODS

We selected 320 pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery from June 2023 to January 2024 at The First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Of these, 220 received ERAS-based management (research group) and 100 received routine management (control group). General information, postoperative ambulation activities, surgical outcomes (operation time, postoperative gastrointestinal ventilation time, and hospital stay), postoperative pain visual analogue scale, postoperative complications (incision infection, abdominal distension, fever, nausea, and vomiting), and family satisfaction were compared.

RESULTS

The general information of the research group (sex, age, disease type, single parent, family history, etc ) was comparable to that of the control group (P > 0.05), but the rate of postoperative (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after surgery) ambulation activities was statistically higher (P < 0.01), and operation time, postoperative gastrointestinal ventilation time, and hospital stay were markedly shorter (P < 0.05). The research group had lower visual analogue scale scores (P < 0.01) at 12 h and 24 h after surgery and a lower incidence of total postoperative complications than the control group (P = 0.001). The research group had higher family satisfaction than the control group (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION

The ERAS-based management model was safe and feasible in ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures and worthy of clinical promotion.
Factors influencing the continuity of evidence-based practice in perioperative airway management for elderly patients with fractures: A qualitative study
Authors: Zeng Jia , Zhang Jia , Li Rui , Guo Zhi-Heng , Wu Fang , Wang Si-Meng , Zhang Hai-Yue , Qian Fei-Hu
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

More and more evidence-based practices are emerging, but researchers mostly focus on short-term effects, resulting in evidence-based practices not being applied in the clinic in the long term. In this study, we took the evidence-based practice of perioperative airway management in elderly fracture patients as an example and adopted a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the influencing factors of its sustainability to provide a reference basis for promoting the continuity of evidence-based practice in the clinic.

AIM

To explore factors influencing the persistence of evidence-based practice in perioperative airway management in elderly patients with fractures.

METHODS

This study was qualitative research. Nine nurses who implemented evidence-based practice in the orthopedic ward of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Shanghai from September 2023 to October 2023 were selected using purposive sampling as research subjects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method based on the three dimensions and ten factors of the NHS sustainability model.

RESULTS

Three main themes and ten subthemes were identified: Process aspects (benefits to patients, benefits to nurses, lack of follow-up, complex processes); staff aspects (insufficient human resources, inadequate training and education, lack of leadership support); and organizational environment aspects (inadequate infrastructure, poor patient compliance, poor doctor cooperation).

CONCLUSION

Human resources, training and education, leadership support, infrastructure, and patient-physician collaboration are important factors influencing the sustainability of evidence-based practice for perioperative airway management in older patients with fractures.
Effect of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breast distension, pain, and lactation in postpartum mothers
Authors: Di Xi , Ge Xu-Ling , Wang Dan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Breastfeeding not only meets the nutritional needs of newborn growth and development but also promotes uterine contraction and discharge of lochia, which helps in maternal recovery. However, some mothers experience abnormal lactation and breast swelling due to a lack of breastfeeding knowledge, painful cesarean incisions, anesthesia, negative emotions, and other factors, resulting in a reduced breastfeeding rate, which adversely affects neonatal and maternal health.

AIM

To explore the effects of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breastfeeding-related conditions.

METHODS

In this study, 207 mothers with postpartum breast pain and difficulty lactating were selected and divided into intervention and control groups using a random number table. Both groups of mothers were provided with basic nursing and related treatment measures after delivery. The intervention group additionally received care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding. The scores of lactation volume, breast distension and pain, breastfeeding rate, breastfeeding self-efficacy, treatment effect, and complication rate of the two groups were compared.

RESULTS

After treatment, the breast pain score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the lactation score, score of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form scale, parent-child communication score, maternal-infant interaction score, total score of maternal-infant communication, and breastfeeding rate of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. After intervention, the overall therapeutic effect of the intervention group was better than that of the control group, and the complication rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSION

Breastfeeding health education and nursing intervention combined with basic clinical treatment have good clinical effects in managing postpartum breast distension and pain and increasing lactation yield.
Five commonly used traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Hui , Dong Yi-Hang , Jiang Xin-Qi , Wang Jing , Qin Wan-Li , Liu Zhang-Yi , Zhang Xiao-Qing , Wei Yu-Jie
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Currently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are commonly being used as adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis in China. Network meta-analysis, a quantitative and comprehensive analytical method, can systematically compare the effects of different adjunctive treatment options for ulcerative colitis, providing scientific evidence for clinical decision-making.

AIM

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of commonly used TCM for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical practice through a network meta-analysis.

METHODS

Clinical randomized controlled trials of these TCM formulas used for the adjuvant treatment of UC were searched from the establishment of the databases to July 1, 2022. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were screened and evaluated for literature quality and risk of bias according to the Cochrane 5.1 standard. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using ReviewManager (RevMan) 5.4, and a funnel plot was constructed to test for publication bias. ADDIS 1.16 statistical software was used to perform statistical analysis of the treatment measures and derive the network relationship and ranking diagrams of the various intervention measures.

RESULTS

A total of 64 randomized controlled trials involving 5456 patients with UC were included in this study. The adjuvant treatment of UC using five TCM formulations was able to improve the clinical outcome of the patients. Adjuvant treatment with Baitouweng decoction (BTWT) showed a significant effect [mean difference = 36.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.63, 65.76]. For the reduction of tumor necrosis factor in patients with UC, adjunctive therapy with BTWT (mean difference = −9.55, 95%CI: −17.89, −1.41), Shenlingbaizhu powder [SLBZS; odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.39], and Shaoyao decoction (OR = −23.02, 95%CI: −33.64, −13.14) was effective. Shaoyao decoction was more effective than BTWT (OR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.39), SLBZS (OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.08, 0. 39), and Xi Lei powder (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.81) in reducing tumor necrosis factor and the recurrence rate of UC.

CONCLUSION

TCM combined with mesalazine is more effective than mesalazine alone in the treatment of UC.
Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma with aggressive behavior: Two case reports
Authors: Cao Hui-Hui , Li Hong , Guo Xiao-Hong , Cao Zhi-Xing , Zhang Bo-Hui
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Eosinophilic solid and cystic (ESC) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a unique and emerging subtype of RCC, has an indolent nature; in some rare instances, it may exhibit metastatic potential. Current cases are inadequate to precisely predict the clinical outcome of ESC RCC and determine treatment choices.

CASE SUMMARY

Herein, we report two patients with ESC RCC. Patient 1 was a young woman with classical pathological characteristics. Patient 2 was a 52-year-old man with multifocal metastases, involving the pulmonary hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, brain, mesosternum, vertebra, rib, femur, and symphysis pubis. Awareness of ESC RCC, along with its characteristic architecture and immunophenotype, would contribute to making a definitive diagnosis, even on core biopsy samples.

CONCLUSION

The discovery of ESC RCC molecular signatures may provide new therapeutic strategies in the future.
Pleural effusion, ascites, colon ulcers and hematochezia: What we can learn from the diagnostic process of a patient with plasma cell myeloma: A case report
Authors: Yan Ming-Xian
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is characterized by hypercalcemia, renal impairment, anemia, and bone destruction. While pleural effusion, ascites, abdominal pain, and bloody stool are common manifestations of lung disease or gastrointestinal disorders, they are rarely observed in patients with PCM.

CASE SUMMARY

A 66-year-old woman presented with complaints of recurrent chest tightness, wheezing, and abdominal bloating accompanied by bloody stools. Computed tomography revealed pleural effusion and ascites. Pleural effusion tests showed inflammation, but the T-cell spot test and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative. Endoscopy showed colonic mucosal edema with ulcer formation and local intestinal lumen stenosis. Echocardiography revealed enlarged atria and reduced left ventricular systolic function. The diagnosis remained unclear. Further testing revealed elevated blood light chain lambda and urine immunoglobulin levels. Blood immunofixation electrophoresis was positive for immunoglobulin G lambda type. Smear cytology of the bone marrow showed a high proportion of plasma cells, accounting for about 4.5%. Histopathological examination of the bone marrow suggested PCM. Flow cytometry showed abnormal plasma cells with strong expression of CD38, CD138, cLambda, CD28, CD200, and CD117. Fluorescence in situ hybridization gene testing of the bone marrow suggested 1q21 gene amplification, but cytogenetic testing showed no clonal abnormalities. Colonic mucosa and bone marrow biopsy tissues were negative for Highman Congo red staining. The patient was finally diagnosed with PCM.

CONCLUSION

A diagnosis of PCM should be considered in older patients with pleural effusion, ascites, and multi-organ injury.
Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: Six case reports
Authors: Toshima Toshiaki , Inada Ryo , Sakamoto Shinya , Takeda Eri , Yoshioka Takahiro , Kumon Kento , Mimura Naoki , Takata Nobuo , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Oishi Kazuyuki , Sato Takuji , Sui Kenta , Okabayashi Takehiro , Ozaki Kazuhide , Nakamura Toshio , Shibuya Yuichi , Matsumoto Manabu , Iwata Jun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) of the appendix is a rare tumor characterized by neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is very difficult, with most patients complaining mainly of abdominal pain. Computed tomography shows swelling of the appendix, so diagnosis is usually made incidentally after appendectomy based on a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis. Even if a patient undergoes preoperative colonoscopy, accurate endoscopic diagnosis is very difficult because GCC shows a submucosal growth pattern with invasion of the appendiceal wall.

CASE SUMMARY

Between 2017 and 2022, 6 patients with GCC were treated in our hospital. The presenting complaint for 5 of these 6 patients was abdominal pain. All 5 patients underwent appendectomy, including 4 for a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis and the other for diagnosis and treatment of an appendiceal tumor. The sixth patient presented with vomiting and underwent ileocecal resection for GCC diagnosed from preoperative biopsy. Although 2 patients with GCC underwent colonoscopy, no neoplastic changes were identified. Two of the six patients showed lymph node metastasis on pathological examination. As of the last follow-up (median: 15 mo), all cases remained alive without recurrence.

CONCLUSION

As preoperative diagnosis of GCC is difficult, this possibility must be considered during surgical treatments for presumptive appendicitis.
Neonatal tachypnea caused by diaphragmatic paralysis: A case report
Authors: Zeng Yan , Luo Pei , Zhao Di-Ran , Wang Feng-Yang , Song Bin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Diaphragmatic paralysis is typically associated with phrenic nerve injury. Neonatal diaphragmatic paralysis diagnosis is easily missed because its manifestations are variable and usually nonspecific.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 39-week-old newborn delivered via vaginal forceps who presented with tachypnea but without showing other birth-trauma-related manifestations. The infant was initially diagnosed with pneumonia. However, the newborn still exhibited tachypnea despite effective antibiotic treatment. Chest radiography revealed right diaphragmatic elevation. M-mode ultrasonography revealed decreased movement of the right diaphragm. The infant was subsequently diagnosed with diaphragmatic paralysis. After 4 weeks, tachypnea improved. Upon re-examination using M-mode ultrasonography, the difference in bilateral diaphragmatic muscle movement was smaller than before.

CONCLUSION

Appropriate use of M-mode ultrasound to quantify diaphragmatic excursions could facilitate timely diagnosis and provide objective evaluation.
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of MBZM-N-IBT, A Lead Against Chikungunya Virus
Authors: Moharana Alok Kumar , Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Dash Rudra Narayan , Subudhi Bharat Bhusan
Published: July 2024

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection was previously found to be inhibited by MBZM-N-IBT both in vitro and in vivo. To further assess its suitability for in vivo application, toxicity and pharmacokinetics were investigated. It showed no acute toxicity orally with an estimated LD50 of more than 5000 mg/kg in rats. While it showed toxicity at 1000 mg/kg in the chronic toxicity study, it was better tolerated at 500 mg/kg by rats. At 50 mg/kg, it was found to be safe in a 9-month study. A pharmacokinetic study revealed Tmax less than the gastric emptying time. High plasma protein binding supported its higher elimination half-life. In silico analysis predicted 22 metabolites. The majority of these metabolites fall in OECD class 5 and support the low toxicity of MBZM-N-IBT.
Anti-diabetic Activity of Spirulina and Chlorella in In vivo Experimental Rats
Authors: Shaman Amani Ali , Zidan Nahla S. , Alzahrani Sharifa , AlBishi Laila A. , Sakran Mohamed I. , Almutairi Fahad M. , Keshk Ali A.
Published: July 2024

The effects of supplying experimental rats with unicellular green algae Chlorella and tiny filamentous cyanobacteria Spirulina, on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were examined in the present study. Eight sets of male Sprague-Dawley albino rats, each with six individuals, were used in the investigation. Throughout the trial, Group 1 was the negative control group and was given saline regularly. Group 2 was given alloxan to induce diabetes. Spirulina was given to groups 3, 4, and 5 at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively, after diabetes induction. Similarly, groups 6, 7, and 8 received dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight of Chlorella, respectively. The findings indicated that the control group had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood sugar, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and considerably lower levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and phospholipids. However, rats given Spirulina (groups 3, 4, and 5) showed notably higher insulin, HDL, and phospholipids levels and significantly lower blood glucose, cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and triglycerides levels. Rats fed with Chlorella (groups 6, 7, and 8) also showed increased effectiveness of feed ratios, greater final weights, and body weight growth percentages compared to the control group. The present study shows that supplementing with Spirulina and Chlorella improves insulin lipid patterns, blood sugar, and type 2 diabetes in vivo laboratory rats. According to the research, Spirulina and Chlorella may be used as functional meals to help control and cure diabetes.
Administration of Nanocurcumin in Mice Models of Endometriosis as an Effort to Improve Folliculogenesis
Authors: Hestianah Eka Pramyrtha , Widjiati Widjiati , Ntoruru Juliano Mwenda , Widyanugraha Muhammad Yohanes Ardianta
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how nanocurcumin 0-50 nm affects malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, folliculogenesis, and the quantity of corpus luteum (CL) in a mice model of endometriosis. 24 mice were used in this scientific experiment, and they were split up into 4 treatment groups; positive control (C+) as mice model of endometriosis, Treatment 1 (T1) as mice model of endometriosis given nanocurcumin 0-50 nm (2.5 mg/KgBW) PO, Treatment 2 (T2) mice given nanocurcumin (5 mg/KgBW) and Treatment 3 (T3) as mice model of endometriosis treated with nanocurcumin (10 mg/KgBW). The nanocurcumin was administered for 14 days. The findings demonstrated that, out of all treatment groups, T3 had the lowest MDA level (20.78±4.58 ng/ml) and statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to C+, T1 and T2. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles at T3, from C+, T1, and T2, according to the folliculogenesis profile. Although the number of Graafian follicles tended to grow, there was no discernible difference between the number of Graafian follicles and the CL. It can be concluded that the administration of nanocurcumin for 14 days decreased MDA levels and increased the folliculogenesis profile. Administration of nanocurcumin at a dose of 10 mg/KgBW caused a decrease in MDA levels and an improvement in the folliculogenesis profile. Thus, administering nanocurcumin could improve the quality of folliculogenesis in endometriosis sufferers and improve reproductive health.
Pharmacological Characterization of Nigella sativa Extract and the Compound Beta-caryophyllene
Authors: A Sandhya , Durairaj Priya , Kannaiyaram Gomathi
Published: July 2024

Traditional medicines made from medicinal plants are the most abundant biosources of medications. Pharmaceutical medications, synthetic pharmaceuticals, Siddha, Ayurveda, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements all come from plant sources. In spite of several studies using herbal plants that have shown a strong link between phytochemical, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory content, Nigella sativa—a spice plant of the Ranunculaceae family—showed more significant qualities than its competitors. Numerous pharmacological properties were discovered in both the Nigella sativa essential oil and the seeds. Nigella sativa is considered to be the most powerful antioxidant and medicinal plant with known medicinal properties and therapeutic applications, and it is used as traditional medicine for respiratory, gastrointestinal, rheumatic, and inflammatory disorders. The study was conducted using Nigella sativa and compound Beta caryophyllene to determine the anti-oxidant, invitro-anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity of the ethanolic seed extract of Nigella sativa and compound Beta caryophyllene on Alzheimer's disease because there were no toxic effects or serious side effects observed using animal models or in clinical trials. The antioxidant activity of the compound and the extract was examined to study the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extract and the compound beta-caryophyllene. Phytochemical screening exhibited secondary metabolites of the extract, such as phenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Nigella sativa extract and its constituents such as beta-caryophyllene, possess a protective effect against toxicity, which is caused by drugs used for treating cancer as well as neurodegenerative disorders. Further, the extract prevents a decrease in hemoglobin levels as well as leukocyte counts. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate that Nigella sativa and the chemical beta-caryophyllene may be employed as medicinal agents and that beta-caryophyllene may have potential cholinesterase inhibitory effects.
Maitland Mobilization versus Core Stability Exercises in Management Chronic Nonspecific LBP
Authors: Alarab Azzam , Salhab Ibrahim , Darawy Dana , Aker Maram Abu , Al Naji Raneen , Hroub Nabil
Published: July 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the main causes that affect mechanical function in human bodies worldwide, 90% of the cases with non-specific LBP. Different options are available for the management of non-specific LBP. While Maitland mobilization and core stability exercises are usually utilized in clinical practice for managing Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain, there is now a lack of research examining their comparative effectiveness. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess and compare the efficiency of Maitland mobilization and core stability exercise as treatment modalities for adults suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: A total of 36 Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) patients with ages 18 to 45 years were inducted and given their Informed consent. Subjects were allocated into two groups through simple random sampling. Group A (N=18) received central posterior-anterior vertebral mobilization while group B (N=18) received core stability exercises. Pain and functional disability were assessed using the Visual Analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) respectively. Pre & post-treatment scores were documented and compared to achieve the aim of this study. Results: T-test indicated that the results pre- and post-treatment were showed a statistically positive significant difference by applying Maitland mobilization technique with non-specific LBP to improve functional disability (ODI) and reduce pain intensity (VAS) with (p = 0.001), respectively. On the other hand, results for the application of core stability exercises in management NSLBP also showed positive signs in reducing VAS and improving ODI with (p= 0.001) respectively. The findings suggest that there was no statistically significant difference between the Maitland mobilization technique and core stability exercises in treating NSLBP for pain reduction with (p = 0.312) and improvement in ODI with (p = 0.055). For applying Maitland mobilization in NSLBP, Pearson correlation results indicated that there was no relationship between body mass index (KG/M2) and functional disability (ODI) with (p = 0.034) and pain severity (VAS) with (p = 0.808). For core stability exercises, the results of Pearson's correlation indicated that there was no relationship between body mass index (KG/M2) and functional disability (ODI) with (p = 0.959) and pain intensity (VAS) with (p = 0.987). By gender, the results showed there were no statistically significant role for Maitland mobilization and core stability exercises in improving function and reducing pain among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Conclusion: Both core stability exercises and Maitland method have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain and improving functional disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
The Antihypertensive Effect of Marchin-13 Tang on L-NAME-induced Hypertension in Rats
Authors: Altangerel Anu , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Urtnasan Myadagbadam , Buyantogtokh Dejidmaa , Begzsuren Dagvatseren , Dandii Zulgerel
Published: July 2024

Marchin-13 Tang is a traditional Mongolian medicine widely used to reduce blood pressure. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypertensive effect of Marchin-13 (M-13) Tang in the L-NAME-induced model of hypertension. The biological composition activity of M-13 Tang was examined using the UV spectrophotometric method. The experimental groups induced Hypertension models by L-NAME 40 mg/kg. The concentrations of serum nitric oxide (NO), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) were measured in M-13 Tang treatment groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The content of total phenolics was measured at 2.96±0.16%, while flavonoids were found to be present at a level of 1.81±0.1%. The reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were statistically significant. They were observed from day 14 to day 21 after giving M-13 Tang at 90 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg (p<0.01). Moreover, treated with M-13 Tang 90 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg groups, serum levels of NO, SOD, and CAT were significantly (p<0.01) increased compared with the L-NAME (40 mg/kg) group. The levels of MDA and ACE showed a significant decrease in both the Marchin-13 Tang-treated groups compared to the L-NAME group (p<0.05). The results of our study illustrate that Marchin-13 effectively reduced blood pressure by mitigating oxidative stress, enhancing NO production, and decreasing ACE levels in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME.
Influence of local potential plant biodiversity as green manure on soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice plants
Authors: SUNTORO SUNTORO , HERDIANSYAH GANJAR , WIDIJANTO HERY , WARDHANA HAIKAL RAFI , TJAHJANTO AZHAR DIMAS , PUSPITASARI CHELYNA , JULIANTO EKO AMIADJI , MAROETO MAROETO
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Suntoro S, Herdiansyah G, Widijanto H, Wardhana HR, Tjahjanto AD, Puspitasari C, Julianto EA, Maroeto. 2024. Influence of local potential plant biodiversity as green manure on soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice plants. Biodiversitas 25: 1655-1662. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural sector causes several problems. One of several solutions that can be offered is using green manure, which could restore soil fertility and be way more sustainable for the environment. A few criteria for plants to be made into green manure are having a fast decomposition process and a low C/N ratio. This research aims to discover local potential green manure based on nutrient content and response to rice plants' soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content. This research used the experiment method with a single factor Randomized Completely Block Design. There were 10 treatments with 3 replications, namely P0: control; P1: NPK 200 kg/ha; P2: Rice straw 10 tons/ha; P3: Chromolaena 10 tons/ha; P4: Ipomoea 10 tons/ha; P5: Eichhornia 10 tons/ha; P6: NPK 100 kg/ha + Rice straw 5 tons/ha; P7: NPK 100 kg/ha + Chromolaena 5 tons/ha; P8: NPK 100 kg/ha + Ipomoea 5 tons/ha; P9: NPK 100 kg/ha + Eichhornia 5 tons/ha. The results showed that Chromolaena, Ipomoea, and Eichhornia have the potential to be developed as green manure because they have high N nutrient content and low C/N ratio. These three green manures can balance the NPK fertilizer and significantly increase soil total-N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll levels in rice plants. They also provide N nutrients, N uptake, and chlorophyll levels in rice plants.
Evidence of southwestern distribution of the golden jackal in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, Saudi Arabia
Authors: EID EHAB , SMITHSON JOSH
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Eid E, Smithson J. 2024. Evidence of southwestern distribution of the golden jackal in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, Saudi Arabia. Biodiversitas 25: 1676-1681. The golden jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758, is listed as a species of globally Least Concern status by the IUCN; however, throughout the Arabian Peninsula, it is classified as Near Threatened due to the lack of information on its population and threats. Despite beings a widespread species, the information on the golden jackal distribution in Saudi Arabia is derived from limited historical records that have restricted its presence to the Hofuf area, around Al Asfah and Al Jawf in the Northeast, and very recent records in the agricultural areas in Tabuk governorate. In addition, photographic evidence of a juvenile individual was recorded in 2017 around the Jubail area. Here, we report the first confirmed Western distribution extension for Saudi Arabia, located in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, and the most southwestern distribution worldwide. The jackal was recorded twice, suggesting a passing individual or a resident population, requiring further investigation and research. The presence of suitable ecosystems, habitats, and prey composition supports this. This record is important for Saudi Arabia and the Reserve as it guides the conservation efforts and highlights the importance of systematic surveys to understand the existing population, state, and threats.
Feeding behavior and diet preferences of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) at Soraya Research Station, Mount Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: IQBAR IQBAR , SAFRIANA ROSY , FAUZIAH FAUZIAH
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Iqbar I, Safriana R, Fauziah F. 2024. Feeding behavior and diet preferences of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) at Soraya Research Station, Mount Leuser National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1788-1796. The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) is an exclusive and indigenous primate species inhabiting the forests of Sumatra. Unfortunately, the species is constantly threatened by habitat loss and depletion of food sources due to human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and plantations. This study was conducted at the Soraya Research Station in the Leuser Ecosystem (Mount Leuser National Park), Indonesia, from December 2021 to July 2022 to investigate the Sumatran orangutan's feeding behavior and diet preferences. Focal Animal Sampling was employed as the observation method, with data collected every 2 minutes. The parameters measured were eating behavior, body position during feeding, and type of food consumed. The sample included three orangutans: one adult male, one adult female, and one juvenile male. Behavioral observations were carried out for 18,000 minutes, namely 2,160 minutes for adult males, 7,920 minutes for adult females and 9,720 minutes for juvenile males. The study found that the total eating behavior was 6204 minutes, with chewing being the most frequent behavior observed. Orangutans were more likely to eat while hanging. The diet included 41 species from 20 families, and the orangutan's preferred food was cambium damli (Streblus elongatus) from the Moraceae family. This research describes the types of food eaten by orangutans and is expected to provide information for research station managers to ensure the availability of these plants.
Characterization of thermophilic bacteria from Ie Seum Hot Springs, Aceh Besar, Indonesia as producers of protease enzyme
Authors: SABARIA ELITA , YASMIN YEKKI , ISMAIL YULIA S. , BESSANIA MOHAMMAD A. , PUTRI ISNAINI , FITRI LENNI
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Sabaria E, Yasmin Y, Ismail YS, Bessania MA, Putri I, Fitri L. 2024. Characterization of thermophilic bacteria from Ie Seum Hot Springs, Aceh Besar, Indonesia as producers of protease enzyme. Biodiversitas 25: 1867-1874. Thermophilic bacteria are microorganisms that can survive in high-temperature environments exceeding 75°C. The Ie Seum Hot Springs in Aceh Besar, Indonesia are known to be a place where these thermophilic bacteria inhabit. In such extreme conditions, proteins and enzymes are often denatured, making these bacteria of interest due to their ability to adapt and produce enzymes such as proteases. Proteases are called proteolytic enzymes that can be applied both in the economic and medical fields. This study aimed to isolate and identify thermophilic bacteria species that have the highest potential for protease production in Ie Seum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene and characterizing them using biochemical tests. Based on the result, seven thermophilic bacterial isolates, namely BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4, BT5, BT6, and BT7 were obtained, each showing different colony characteristics. The biochemical tests also revealed differences metabolic activity of each isolate. Of these isolates, BT4 exhibited the highest proteolytic index (4.65). Additionally, the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the BT4 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus and has high similarities to Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis and B. sonorensis. These findings suggest that BT4 has significant potential as a source of thermophilic protease enzymes.
Sexual dimorphism phenomenon of first record Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1978) from the southern Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: RISMAWATI RISKA , KRISANTI MAJARIANA , FARAJALLAH ACHMAD
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Rismawati R, Krisanti M, Farajallah A. 2024. Sexual dimorphism phenomenon of first record Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1978) from the southern Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1929-1937. Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798), commonly known as monkey river prawn, is a widely distributed amphidromous species found in various freshwater habitat, displaying adaptability to different salinities. This habitat diversity often leads to the emergence of cryptic species, particularly in freshwater shrimp. Notably, M. lar exhibits sexual dimorphism. The degree of sexual dimorphism can differ among decapod crustaceans. This study reports the first discovery of M. lar in Sukabumi, West Java, collected in January 2023 from a river tributary in the Cibitung Sub-district with insights into the sexual dimorphism phenomenon. We conducted species confirmation through molecular analyses. We use the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene fragment for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic tree values revealed that the samples we found proved to be M. lar, forming a group with M. lar from the Indian-West Pacific region and M. lar from Pangandaran. However, they were distinct from the outgroups M. idae and M. Lepidactyloides. In this study, we only use the adult sample, which is already well-developed. Morphological analysis indicated that all morphological characters in males were larger than in females, with significant sexual dimorphism observed in the second pereiopod and its parts (ischium, merus, carpus, and palm). Although the body sizes of males and females are significantly different in a positive direction, the most distinguishing feature facilitating the identification of both as the same species is the pattern on the second pereiopod, which has irregular blotches of brownish coloration.
Methyl jasmonate stimulates growth and upregulates the expression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) gene in Gynura pseudochina in vitro micropropagation
Authors: ANJALANI TITAH RIGEL , RASMI SALMA ARGYA , RAHAYU ANISA ESTI , RAMADHANI MUHAMMAD RIFQI NUR , SHOLIHAH MAY FIATUS , PUSPANINGTYAS IRA , SOLEHA IRO DATUS , SARI SEPTI ANITA , RAHMAWATI MAULIDIA , NASORI NASORI , JADID NURUL
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Anjalani TR, Rasmi SA, Rahayu AE, Ramadhani MRN, Sholihah MF, Puspaningtyas I, Soleha ID, Sari SA, Rahmawati M, Nasori N, Jadid N. 2024. Methyl jasmonate stimulates growth and upregulates the expression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) gene in Gynura pseudochina in vitro micropropagation. Biodiversitas 25: 1955-1964. The use of medicinal plants as primary resources for traditional medicine is rising. Gynura pseudochina (L) DC. is a well-recognized traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia. It is rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Various techniques and methods have been developed to ensure plant quality and enhance phytomedicines' production, one of which involves plant in vitro culture. Elicitor-based in vitro culture, particularly using Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA), has been shown to boost the production of secondary metabolites in plants through the overexpression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) genes, known to play a role in the excessive production of flavonoid compounds. This research aims to investigate the impact of MeJA on the growth and PAL gene expression in G. pseudochina in vitro culture. Several MeJA concentrations of MeJA (0, 75, 150, and 300 µM) were tested. Our findings revealed that the application of MeJA to G. pseudochina in vitro had a noticeable impact on callogenesis and organogenesis. The optimal condition for callogenesis was achieved with MeJA at a concentration of 150 µM. On the other hand, the highest frequency of root induction was observed at 75 µM of MeJA treatment, while the highest shoot frequency occurred at 150 µM of MeJA. Interestingly, the plant height, fresh weight, leaf, and shoot numbers were significantly affected after treatment with 150 µM of MeJA. Additionally, 75 µM of MeJA was found to promote optimal root growth compared to other MeJA treatments. Finally, 150 µM of MeJA treatment resulted in higher expression of the PAL gene (1.29 folds) than the non-treated plants. Our findings suggested that MeJA influenced the G. pseudochina growth and potentially increased the production of flavonoid compounds in vitro.
Detection of microfilaria L3 and insecticide resistance among wild-caught mosquito vectors in endemic areas of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: GHOFUR ABDUL , HADISAPUTRO SUHARYO , SAYONO SAYONO
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Ghofur A, Hadisaputro S, Sayono S. 2024. Detection of microfilaria L3 and insecticide resistance among wild-caught mosquito vectors in endemic areas of lymphatic filariasis. Biodiversitas 25: 1975-1983. The decline in the global prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is evident in the persistent endemic foci in Africa and Southeast Asia. In this context, the presence of infectious and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and the annual biting rate in the area are key to microfilaria transmission. Therefore, this research aimed to determine insecticide resistance and microfilariae infection in mosquito vectors in endemic areas. In Jenggot and Medono Villages, twice entomological surveys were conducted based on six LF cases, where indoor and outdoor mosquito capturing was carried out in ten houses within a 100 m radius of each case as well as household interviews about insecticide use. In addition, laboratory works were performed for species identification and detection of ovarian dilatation, microfilariae infection, and knockdown resistance mutations. A total of 1,197 and 581 mosquitoes were distributed to five species and their proportions, namely Culex quinquefasciatus (69.59 and 65.40%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (5.76 and 0.00%), Cx. vishnui (5.85 and 27.54%), Anopheles vagus (0.58 and 0.00%), and Aedes aegypti (18.21 and 7.06%). The percentage of female mosquito infection, parity, and microfilaria were 66.25 and 86.00%, 63.37 and 70.95%, as well as 0.00 and 1.34%, respectively. Furthermore, TTA-TTT, TTA-CTA, and TTA-TGT base substitutions were reported in codon 1014 of Cx. quinquefasciatus VGSC gene with proportions of 81.66, 1.67, and 26.67%, respectively. The result showed that the vulnerability of the research location to transmission emphasized the necessity for early detection, vector control, and further analyses of the susceptibility of microfilariae to antiparasitic drugs.
The Role of Neuromonitoring During Anaesthesia of Liver Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors:   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Vitor Maurício , Oliveira Machado ,   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Pereira João Paulo Lopes Carvalho ,   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Faria Lorena Machado Marques ,   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Oliveira Luiz Fernando Amâncio Pereira ,   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Delgado Marina Ayres ,   Hospital das clínicas de Belo Horizonte, University of Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute hepatic failure (ALF) is a disease characterized by rapid deterioration of hepatic function with encephalopathy in a patient without pre-existing liver disease. Bispectral Index (BIS) during the peri-transplant period in patients with fulminant hepatic failure had an important role and its values had a significant correlation with cerebral perfusion. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can assess changes in cerebrovascular function and has the advantages of being noteworthy, safe, and widely available. Case report: This is a case report of a serious hepatic encephalopathy occurring during a deceased donor liver transplant (LT) in a patient presenting fulminant hepatitis. Discussion: We briefly discuss some diagnostic methods highlighting the role and the challenges of the anaesthesiologist in managing this kind of patient in the context of a major surgery. Keywords: Anaesthesia, Bispectral index monitor, Doppler transcranial ultrasonography, Fulminant liver failure, Hepatic encephalopathy, Intracranial hypertension, Liver transplantation
Anaesthetic Considerations for a Seven-Month-Old Infant with Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Sayh, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain., Al-Hammadi Marya , Narayan Priti ,   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Sayh, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain., Hakema Samah ,   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Sayh, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic skeletal muscle disorder resulting in increased myoplasmic calcium concentrations leading to sustained muscle contraction. In cases susceptible to MH, a total intravenous intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) approach is employed to avoid the use of MH triggering agents namely volatile anaesthetics and suxamethonium. Case presentation: In this case report, we present a seven-month-old male infant with MH susceptibility that was scheduled for a rectal biopsy under general anaesthesia. The patient was managed according to MH guidelines and paediatrics dosing schemes for TIVA; using propofol and remifentanil as an adjuvant. The case was management successfully and uneventfully. Conclusion: MH is a potentially life-threatening disorder, hence following the evidence-based precautions and management of patients with suspected MH is key. Moreover, managing a paediatric patient with MH suspicion often impose additional challenges. In this case report, the perioperative considerations for infants with MH suspicion is discussed. Keywords: Malignant Hyperthermia, Total Intravenous Anaesthesia, Steur propofol infusion scheme.
Anaesthesiologist’s Role in Patient with Von Willebrand Disease for Elective Adenoidectomy: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia, NMC Royal Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, UAE., Sharma Priya , Hamad Maki ,   Department of Anaesthesia, NMC Royal Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Published: June 2024

The most common bleeding disorder is von Willebrand disease (vWD). It is however a complex disease to diagnose. Management of this disease is not well understood by many anaesthesiologists who may experience these patients in elective or even emergency settings. This is a case presentation of a six-year-old patient of Arabic ethnicity who was diagnosed with vWD during preoperative testing and was managed perioperatively with a multidisciplinary team for a good outcome. Keyword: Von Willebrand disease, Von Willebrand factor, Adenoidectomy, Preoperative testing
Is Potential Malnutrition Associated with Increased Morbidity in Total Hip and Knee Joint Arthroplasty? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors:   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, [2] Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,, Caughey William James , Zaidi Faseeh ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, [2] Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,, Shepherd Christoper Jarred ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand,, Rivera-Rodriguez Claudia ,   Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Pitto Rocco P ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, [2] Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition is considered a risk factor for post-operative complications in total hip and knee arthroplasty, though prospective studies to investigate this assumption are lacking. The aims of this study were to prospectively analyze the 90-day post-operative complications, post-operative length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates of patients undergoing primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty using albumin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and transferrin as serum markers of potential malnutrition. Materials and Methods: Six hundred and three primary hip and 823 primary knee arthroplasties over a 3-year period from a single center were prospectively analyzed. Body mass index, demographic, and comorbidity data were recorded. Complications were categorized as surgical site infection (SSI), venous thromboembolism (VTE) (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus), implant-related (such as dislocation), and non-implant-related (such as pneumonia). Outcomes were compared between groups, with malnutrition, defined as serum albumin <3.5 g/dL. Results: Potential malnutrition was present in 9.3% of the study population. This group experienced a longer average LOS at 6.5 days compared to the normal albumin group at 5.0 days (P = 0.003). SSI rate was higher in the malnourished group (12.5 vs. 7.8%, P = 0.02). There was no difference between the two groups in implant-related complications (0.8 vs. 1.0%, P = 0.95) medical complications (7.8 vs. 13.3%, P = 0.17), rate of VTE (2.3 vs. 2.7%) or 90-day readmission rate (14.1 vs. 17.0%, P = 0.56). TLC and transferrin were not predictive of any of the primary outcomes measured (P > 0.05). Pacific Island (P < 0.001), Indian (P = 0.02), and Asian (P = 0.02) patients had lower albumin than NZ European. Conclusion: This study demonstrates an association between low albumin levels and increased post-operative LOS and SSI in total joint arthroplasty, providing support for the consideration of pre-operative nutritional screening. Keywords: Knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, malnutrition, post-operative complications, hypoalbuminemia.