bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of uterine balloon tamponade for the management postpartum haemorrhage using Bakri balloon
Authors: Patil Shashikala B. , K. Indumathi H. , . Sarojini , C. Savitha
Published: August 2021

Background: PPH is the most common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality around the world. Incidence of PPH is 2-4% following vaginal delivery and 6% following cesarean delivery in India. Uterine atony is the most common cause of PPH. Treatment of PPH involves medical treatment and surgical management. In between medical and surgical management of PPH comes uterine balloon tamponade which is simple, less invasive and can be managed with minimal training.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done for 2 years at Vanivilas hospital, Bangalore medical college and research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka. Cases of atonic PPH managed using Bakri balloon were included in the study. The objective of the study was to study the effectiveness of uterine balloon tamponade using Bakri balloon in the management of atonic PPH and to study the maternal outcome.Results: In this study total of 50 cases were included. Women were in the age group of 18 to 33years. Regarding obstetric history, 22 (44%) were primigravida and 28 (56%) was multigravida. Among these 50 cases 8 (16%) women had undergone caesarean delivery and 42(84%) had vaginal delivery. All women received blood transfusion, 17 (34%) received blood and blood components (like PRBC, FFP AND platelets) and 33 (66%) cases received only PRBC transfusion. In these 50 cases, 32 (64%) required ICU admission for monitoring, remaining 18 (36%) were monitored in the labor-room. Bakri balloon was effective in 49 cases among 50. Success rate was 98%.Conclusions: Intrauterine balloon tamponade using Bakri balloon is effective for control of atonic PPH in majority of cases.
Study of acceptance of post-abortal contraception in a tertiary care centre
Authors: K. Indumathi H. , . Radhika , C. Savitha , S. Nayana M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Unsafe abortions is causing about 8% of maternal deaths in India. So, it’s important to use contraception not only for spacing but also to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is well known that fertility is resumed in the immediate cycle following an abortion. Post abortal contraception is very important in preventing pregnancies in the immediate post-abortal period. This study was intended to know the acceptance of post-abortal contraception in women coming for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or following spontaneous abortion in tertiary care centre. Thus, it is vital to know the choices made by them, to know the method accepted so that it will be helpful in bringing awareness in those who do not opt for post-abortal contraception. Aims and objectives were to study the acceptance rate of post-abortal contraception. Also, to study the method of contraception accepted.Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2020 done in Vani Vilas hospital, BMCRI, a tertiary hospital. A total of 2273 patients were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from both 1st trimester and 2nd trimester abortion patients (spontaneous/induced) from the Comprehensive abortion care register. The acceptance and method of contraception accepted was studied. Inclusion criteria were-women coming to tertiary centre for abortion (spontaneous/induced) to Vani Vilas hospital. Exclusion criteria were-Molar pregnancy and Ectopic pregnancy. Demography, educational status, details of spontaneous or induced abortions, parity and gestational age at abortion, the acceptance and methods of contraception accepted were studied.Results: A total of 2273 patients were included in the study of which 738 were MTP and 1535 were cases of spontaneous abortion. 912 (40.12%) were primigravidae and 1361 (59.87%) were multigravida. Various methods of contraceptives were accepted by 1973 (86.80%) patients, whereas 300 (13.19%) did not opt for any method of contraception. Of 1973 patients,176 (7.7%) underwent sterilization.Conclusions: The acceptance rate of post-abortion contraceptive methods was good. Acceptance of COCs and LARC was almost similar in this study. Immediate acceptance of contraception in the post-abortal period is very crucial in reducing unintended pregnancies and abortions hence family planning services after abortion need to be strengthened.
Study of vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection in COVID-19 positive obstetrical patients by comparing amniotic fluid and immediate neonatal COVID-19 RT-PCR
Authors: Tyagi Smita , Agarwal Rajesh Kumar , Agarwal Manish , Kapoor Manika , Tiwari Sakshi
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of vertical transmission COVID-19 by RT-PCR.Methods: In this hospital based prospective study, all COVID-19 positive pregnant women admitted in COVID ward in Muzaffarnagar medical college and hospital from April 2020 to January 2021 were included. A detailed history and examination was done and all routine investigations were done as per protocol. Samples were taken from amniotic fluid during vaginal delivery or caesarean section and collected in viral transport medium. Sample were also collected as nasal and oropharyngeal swab from neonate immediately after birth and sent for COVID 19 RT-PCR.Results: Out of total 50 cases; 43 (86%) neonates were delivered via LSCS and 7 (14%) by normal delivery, out of these 41 (82%) neonates were normal; 4 (8%) were IUGR, 2 (4%) were IUD, 2 (4%) were pre-term and 1 (2%) neonatal death. All 50 amniotic fluid as well as nasal and oropharyngeal samples of all neonates were negative by RT-PCR.Conclusions: Low vertical transmission may be due to the fact that antibodies are produced by mother that crosses the placenta and saves the fetus or there are highly specific immunological mediators in the placenta that do not allow the infection to pass to the fetus.
Incidence of post-operative (caesarean section) infectious morbidities in cleansing and non-cleansing group after povidone iodine vaginal cleaning
Authors: Verma Pragya , Chawla Dolly , Khatri Rashmi , Verma Preeti
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite of wide spread use of prophylactic antibiotics and various antiseptic measures, post-operative infection remains one of the significant and serious complication of caesarean delivery contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective was to study the incidence of post-operative infectious morbidities in patients with/without povidone iodine vaginal cleansing done prior to caesarean section.Methods: A prospective randomized control study was done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi.Results: Mean age of participants in group A is 26.22±2.47 years and in group B is 26.48±2.3 years. Majority women (84.0%) underwent emergency lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). (6.4%) women developed post-operative endometritis, out of which maximum (4.6%) belong to no vaginal cleansing group (B) compared to 1.8% in povidone iodine vaginal cleansing group(A), which is statistically significant (p=0.01). Over all (13%) women had post-operative fever, with significant difference among the two groups i.e. (8.6%) were in group B versus (4.4%) in group A (p=0.005).Conclusions: Povidone iodine vaginal cleansing prior to caesarean section is significantly effective in reducing post-operative infectious morbidities.
Assessment of subjective outcomes in women after treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Shivashankar Shruthi , Manjula N. V.
Published: August 2021

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the most common symptoms in women at all age groups worldwide. Their overall prevalence among women is 67%, and incidence increases with age. To assess the impact of LUTS comprehensively, it is therefore necessary to measure both the level of an individual’s symptoms and the extent to which they impair their life. This is particularly important when making a decision as to whether an individual is likely to require or benefit from treatment, and in evaluating the effectiveness of such treatment. Aim and objectives were to assess the subjective outcomes in women following treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms using King’s health questionnaire (KHQ).Methods: This study was carried out in 106 women presenting with LUTS at Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria from November 2017 to June 2019. KHQ was used to assess subjective outcomes pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical software namely IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics version 22.Results: There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ indicating that patients had a better quality of life (QoL) post treatment. The mean total KHQ score decreased from a maximum of 40.14 at the pre-treatment time point to a minimum of 12.25 at the post treatment time point. This change was statistically significant. 90.6% of the participants had subjective improvement following treatment of LUTS. 9.4% of the participants reported no improvement in quality of life QoL following treatment of LUTS.Conclusions: This study shows the value of KHQ as an evaluation tool to determine the subjective outcome in women following treatment of LUTS. There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ between the two time points in our study indicating a better QoL following the treatment given with subjective improvement of 90.6%.
A retrospective study of efficacy and cost efficiency of medical vs. surgical management of abortions in first trimester
Authors: Agarwal Meetangi , Ramanujam Sailatha , Ramachandran Anuradha C.
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to assess and comparatively evaluate the efficacy of different methods of first trimester abortions (medical, surgical) in terms of its safety, cost and effectiveness.Methods: We present a retrospective observational research study done at Chettinad hospital and research institute, Kelambakkam Chennai which included a total of 70 patients of first trimester abortions, in the period from June 2019 to June 2020. 55 patients were offered medical treatment (MTOP) and were followed up with a repeat scan after 2 weeks. In cases of failed medical abortion patient underwent curettage. Though, in some cases after an attempt at medical abortion, if the products didn’t expel at all within 48 hours, dilatation and evacuation was offered. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed to confirm the success of the treatment. In 15 cases who presented with incomplete abortion, surgical treatment (STOP) was offered. The outcomes considered were successful complete abortions, failed medical abortions, side effects and complications including blood transfusion.Results: The baseline characteristics of women were similar in both the groups like mean age, parity, history of previous termination of pregnancy (TOP). The success rate in MTOP was 67.2% and in STOP 100%.The amount of bleeding experienced was moderate to heavy in MTOP and minimal to moderate in STOP.37 women who underwent only medical termination who returned for the 2-week follow-up, the rate of complete pregnancy termination was 94% and for the remaining 2 women surgical intervention was required. In the surgical group, at the 2-week follow up, no woman underwent a repeat vacuum aspiration with an efficacy of 100%. No significant difference was found in the mean total cost for the medical and surgical groups after adding the subsequent costs (including additional manual vacuum evacuation).Conclusions: Medical termination of abortion should be preferred over surgical termination as it is safer, cost effective, with fewer complications and high success rate.
Study of effect of intra-umbilical oxytocin along with active management in third stage of labor
Authors: Verma Neetu , Soni Monica , Singh Priyanka
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine effect of intra-umbilical oxytocin along with active management on duration and amount of blood loss in 3rd of stage of labor.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective, randomized, case-control study conducted in the department of OBG between 1st September 2019 to 31st December 2020. After obtaining permission from ethical committee, screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed consent of participants, 300 cases were enrolled. In group A (control) 20 ml normal saline and in group B (case) 20 IU oxytocin diluted in normal saline to make a 20 ml solution was given intra-umbilically along with standard active management of third stage labor. The data was systematically recorded and analysed.Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic data.  A statistically significant reduction in the duration of third stage of  labor (1.83±0.64  min in group B vs 2.92±0.79 min in group A), amount of blood loss (203.73±62.11 ml in group B vs 328.83±87.18 ml  group A) and fall in haemoglobin (9.28±1.03 g/dl in the study group A vs 9.97±1.28 g/dl in group B) and haematocrit (31.20±3.05% in  study group A vs 33.60±3.31%  in study group B)  were noted, taking p value  significant <0.05.Conclusions: Intra-umbilical oxytocin was associated with a significant reduction in duration and amount blood loss in third stage of labor.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in treatment of post-partum anemia
Authors: Raman Ragvi , T. Jayanthy , Asranna Apoorva
Published: August 2021

Background: Ferric carboxymaltose has been recently introduced for the treatment of anaemia. The present study was planned to compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among postpartum women.Methods: A total of 60 postpartum women with haemoglobin levels between 7-10 g/dl were randomized into two groups: 30 in group A (received iron carboxymaltose) and 30 in group B (Received iron sucrose). Haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were done on day 0 and after 6 weeks.Results: The post treatment haemoglobin levels were found to be 10-10.9 g/dl in 66.7% of women in group A and 63.3% in group B. The mean post treatment haemoglobin levels in group A was 9.97±0.3 g/dl and in group B was 10.9 g/dl (p<0.001). The mean increase in haemoglobin levels post treatment were significantly high in group B (2.1±0.5 gm%) compared to group A (1.3±0.5 gm%). The mean post treatment S. Ferritin levels in group A was 91.2±25.8 and in group B was 126.5±23.2 gm%. The mean increase in S. Ferritin levels post treatment were significantly high in group B (96.9±23.3) compared to group A (62.7±22.6) (p<0.001).Conclusions: Intravenous iron carboxymaltose is more effective and better tolerated in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among postpartum women compared to intravenous iron sucrose.
A case series of caesarean myomectomy
Authors: Parveen Shazia , Noor Nasreen , Madan Iti , Kulsoom Ummay
Published: August 2021

Uterine fibroids are benign, monoclonal tumors of smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Most fibroids do not increase in size during pregnancy and are not always removed when encountered during cesarean section. Objective was to see the outcome of patients undergoing cesarean myomectomy. The study design was observational study. All patients undergoing cesarean section with uterine fibroid of size more than 5 cm. In carefully selected patients and with use of intraoperative vasopressin, myomectomy may be safely accomplished at the time of caesarean section by experienced surgeons. cesarean myomectomy is safe and successful if patient selection is done carefully and does not add to any additional post-operative morbidity.
Giant fibroepithelial polyp of vulva with fibroid uterus with primary lymphedema (Meige disease/lymphedema praecox): a rare case report
Authors: Attri Apra , Singh Kamal , Thakur Sita , Sharma Priyanka
Published: August 2021

Fibroepithelial polyps or FSPs develop in the reproductive years of young to middle-aged women. They primarily affect the vagina, and their occurrence in the vulva is less common. Giant FSP are very rare. We present a case of a patient with giant FSP of the vulva with unilateral lymphedema. A forty year old patient presented with history of mild, dull, aching, continuous pain in lower abdomen. After her first delivery, she had developed pruritis over vulva followed by appearance of a growth. A non-tender, mobile warty growth was found on the examination of vulva, and it involved the mons pubis, clitoris and left labia minora and major. Dermatological consultation made a preliminary diagnosis of nevoid growth vulva. Operative findings from exploratory laparotomy confirmed that uterus had enlarged to 28 weeks size. The diagnosis of fibroepithelial polyp was confirmed by histopathological examination. A common pathogenetic background of lymphedematous FSPs is persistent lymph stasis, along with consequent injury of microcirculation and stromal hyperplasia. The role of hormonal factors in the development of these lesions in also supported by the Estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity. The association of FSPs with unilateral lymphedema, as in our patient, is very rare. This case provides some evidence that chronic lymph stasis can lead to microcirculation injury which further lead to stromal hyperplasia.
Case report on an enigma of caesarean section: ‘scar endometriosis’
Authors: Singh Anamika
Published: August 2021

Endometriosis is described as a disease in which functional endometrial glands and stroma that commonly lines the uterus grows outdoor the uterus. The resulting cystic or solid tumoral masses due to endometriosis are named as endometrioma. They're normally seen within the ligaments of uterus, ovaries, pouch of Douglas and pelvic peritoneum however endometriosis has additionally been noted in nose, breast, lung, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, abdominal wall, however scar endometriomas are extremely uncommon and difficult to diagnose. This situation may be puzzled with different surgical conditions, however imaging strategies and FNAC can assist in diagnosing it better. Medical treatment is helpful in selected cases but wide excision is the treatment of choice.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 3, no. 7, agosto 1976
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Management of Digital Transformation in Education: Modern Scientific Discourse
Authors: Poddenezhnyi Oleksandr
Published: August 2021

The article considers the scientific method of implementation and management of digital transformation of higher education, including technological, methodological and economic aspects. The problem field of introduction of new digital models and introduction of managerial experience is considered.Recent research proves the separation of digital transformation as a new area of scientific interest for management development researchers, as well as a new research paradigm. This transformation is undoubtedly interesting and promising, as it contains many aspects and components. The main reasons for slow implementation are the complexity of the problem, the lack of data for decision-making and the uncertainty of economic impact in the future. In the educational environment, this process is slower, perhaps due to fears that such transformation processes will disrupt the traditional academic model that has developed over many years and has been relevant and effective in an era of industrial growth for many years.The relevance of further research is confirmed by the fact that the process of forming a digital market for educational services is not complete. On the one hand, transformation significantly depends on the systematic process of education reform, the availability of clear institutional and public policies. On the other hand, the success of the continued existence and development of educational institutions in the post-pandemic environment will depend on changes in the standard academic paradigm and the introduction of new digital services in combination with quality academic education. Building and implementing new forms and models of education will require managers to take a comprehensive approach and rethink existing norms and standards of governance.
JEL classification: O32, O33
Conceptual Frameworks of the Development of Banking and Insurance Interaction in Modern Conditions
Authors: Bazilinska Olena , Panchenko Olena
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal conceptual frameworks for further development of the banking and insurance interaction in order to ensure the growth of the value of banking and insurance business on account of the more effective use of their potentials and opportunities.It is noted in the article that banking and insurance interaction is manifested as the provision of insurance services through banking institutions – Banсassurance, the provision of banking services through insurance companies – Assurbanking, the provision of integrated services within financial conglomerates – Allfinanz.In the course of the research, it was determined that the banking channel for the sale of insurance services is the most efficient, and Bancassurance is a system of insurance services sale through the extensive banking network. The necessity and importance of the Bancassurance development, which is actively used in all developed countries, but differs in scale, methods, organizational forms and final financial results, is revealed. This is especially relevant in the context of reforming the regulatory bodies of the state financial market.Within the study, the advantages and disadvantages of Bancassurance and the prerequisites for its development are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the requirements to insurance companies in the process of the Bancassurance implementation. It is noted within the article that the interaction of banks and insurance companies can be carried out at different levels, from the level of the cooperation agreement, agency agreement, banking and insurance cooperation, to the level of the corporate control through the mechanism of mergers and acquisitions and financial supermarket.Within the study the conclusions are made that further development of banking and insurance interaction is conceptually aimed at increasing the role of commercial banks and the formation of “financial supermarkets”, in which each customer can meet the needs of bank services, financial consulting, and insurance.
JEL classіfіcatіon: G21, G22
Fiscal Incentives for Economic Development in the World under the Condition of the COVID-19
Authors: Hlushchenko Svitlana , Melnyk Anna
Published: August 2021

The article describes the fiscal stimulus, which used in the world to overcome the negative effects of the recession in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors used historical and static methods, a combination of methods of analysis and synthesis, etc. Based on the statist analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, the authors confirmed that the main development trend of most countries and Ukraine in 2020 is a significant economic decline (falling production, rising public debt, growing fiscal deficit, etc.) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article summarizes that in the recession in 2020, countries use measures to fiscally stimulate households and business units through additional government expenditures and lost budget revenues. The size and structure of fiscal stimulus measures vary among different groups of countries. The main fiscal stimulus during this period are: deferrals and reductions in taxes, a moratorium on the payment of certain types of obligations, various forms of cash surcharges and subsidies, partial unemployment, capital injections into enterprises, loans and guarantees. The debt burden is a significant threat to low-income countries, as debt restructuring and public spending cuts will be relevant in the long run to stabilize debt in such countries. This means limited use of fiscal stimulus to exit the recession and stimulate economic development in the country. The results can have practical application within the framework of the formation of the state fiscal policy to overcome the recession and stimulate economic development in the country. In Ukrainian practice, during the pandemic, the main measures of fiscal stimulus were the use of reduced working day schemes and the expansion of unemployment benefits; changes in taxation; financial support for retirees; subsidies; social and economic support of households and enterprises.
JEL classіfіcatіon: H2, H5, H6
Path Dependence in Sovereign Debt Modelling: System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Hryhoriev Hennadiy
Published: August 2021

The article offers a system dynamic modelling of sovereign debt using the path dependence concept. Using simulation modelling we are trying to find a fixed point in a motion of national sovereign debt towards its equilibrium and to change the existing mental model perception towards sovereign debt by changing the structure of the system.The research reveals the idea of the “debt snowball concept” using recursive dynamic approach. The dynamic linear and nonlinear recursive models of Ukrainian sovereign debt with the appropriate multi – order recursive equations are constructed.The fixed point as an equilibrium value for a country’s sovereign debt stock to GDP ratio with a linear dependence has been built. Finding the initial point for resolving sovereign debt issue is especially actual for national economy under strong fiscal pressure caused by COVID-19 and wartime on the East of the country. For this purpose, the sovereign debt cyclical behaviour was also reproduced using phase plot graphic.The fixed point as an equilibrium value for a country’s sovereign debt stock to GDP ratio with a nonlinear dependence was determined. The main purpose of this part of the analysis was to show the more complicated oscillated behaviour of the system and the multiplicity of possible equilibrium points.The stock and flows SD modelling and simulation analysis of sovereign debt in Ukrainian economy allows to make the conclusion of the inevitability of the sovereign debt existence even on the stable level and with the balanced national budget.
JEL classіfіcatіon: E60, H63, H68
Auditing in the IT Environment: Discussion on Methodology
Authors: Ivakhnenkov Sergiy
Published: August 2021

The problem of forming an integrated approach to the methodology of economic control (including audit and internal control) is considered in the article. Auditing in the IT environment and with the use of ІТ combines the features of social, natural, and exact sciences, and deals with research objects, which are conceptual systems, natural systems, and abstract systems.The structure of the method of economic control and audit is proposed. The audit method has a twodimensional (static and dynamic) and two-tier structure. At the general theoretical level, it includes 1) basic, general scientific theoretical techniques and approaches; 2) general research procedures inherent in auditing as an interdisciplinary field that combines research methodologies from natural, social, and exact sciences. At the applied (technological) level, the elements of the auditing method are control procedures and control technologies based on general scientific methods, approaches, and research procedures.The scientific procedure of audit and internal control is investigated and the methods based on the toolkit of exact sciences in conditions of ІТ application were proposed. The research method is arranged according to the selected objects. The techniques are grouped into three categories: a) techniques for collecting facts about physical characteristics; b) methods of thinking to gain understanding; c) modelling and programming. The identified facts are assessed and compared with the norm and an auditing result is formed, as well as in the direct implementation of corrective action.
JEL classification: M420
Application of the Scoring Approach to Monitoring Function of Central Bank Credit Registry
Authors: Filatov Vladyslav , Kaminsky Аndriy
Published: August 2021

The Central Bank Credit Registry was established in Ukraine in 2018. The two key functions which are fulfilled by Credit Register are monitoring and credit information sharing. This paper is devoted to applying a scoring approach for monitoring function realization in segments of individuals. The logic of using scoring tools to monitoring is based on an objective to create an effective form which reflects the dynamic of the above-mentioned segment. Data mining procedures for Credit Registry were realized and most significant characteristics were chosen. Correlation analysis for characteristics was applied. Different approaches to construct scoring for monitoring functions were analyzed. Namely, logistic regression, Machine Learning, method grounded on tree created by the XGBoost algorithm. Last method demonstrated the best efficiency for scoring construction and can be developed for implementation. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Bank of Ukraine.
JEL classіfіcatіon: G21
Otimização do estoque de uma fábrica de bebidas não alcoólicas em Python
Authors: Prado Breno , Marques Vinicius Abrão da Silva
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar a utilização de modelagem matemática computacional para otimização em Python do estoque de uma fábrica. O problema é construído em torno da organização da produção de bebidas. A utilização de métodos heurísticos como os algoritmos Scipy.optimize.minimize e Algoritmo Genético (Genetic Algorithm) empregados nesse trabalho tem como objetivo otimizar a quantidade de produtos em estoque, levando em conta os diferentes produtos fabricados, a previsão de venda baseada em histórico e a capacidade máxima de produção. Os métodos utilizados são comparados em suas respostas e tempo de processamento. Os resultados mostram que ambos os métodos têm a capacidade de encontrar respostas otimizadas para o problema. O método Genetic Algorithm encontra respostas menos otimizadas para cada produto, mas realiza uma melhor distribuição geral da produção, além de necessitar de maior tempo de processamento para analisar todas as possibilidades. O método Scipy.optimize.minimize encontra uma resposta mais otimizada para a maioria dos produtos, mas não realiza uma distribuição eficiente da produção, além de apresentar um menor tempo de processamento.
La gráfica urbana como comunicación: macromural La Mariposa, Bogotá
Authors: Rodríguez González María José
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las prácticas comunicativas que se presentan en la gráfica urbana de los barrios que conforman el macromural de La Mariposa en Bogotá, atendiendo a la forma en que los murales y grafitis del sector, creados y desarrollados dentro del proyecto Habitarte durante la alcaldía de Enrique Peñalosa (2016-2019), lograron expresar un lenguaje y una cultura propios de la comunidad; es decir, aquello que quería decir en sus paredes en relación con las dinámicas y realidades de su territorio. Adicional a esto, también busca vincular estas prácticas con la dimensión teórica de la gráfica popular y urbana, la dialéctica de la lucha cultural, los espacios despolitizados y la perspectiva entre la estética oficial y la no oficial, desde un análisis de la configuración de ciudades modernas y los proyectos institucionales con trabajo colaborativo que generaron esta intervención. Esto con el fin de identificar cómo la comunidad se relaciona con su entorno y cómo el grafiti y el arte urbano en general se vuelven un mecanismo para expresar aquello que tanto los habitantes como la institucionalidad quieren comunicar dentro del territorio, gracias a lo cual terminan gestando procesos de apropiaciones, reflexiones y resignificaciones de lo comunicado.
The main directions of improving the legal policy to ensure information security in the context of globalization
Authors:   LL.D., professor of the department of criminal law and criminal process of the Law institute of Ugra state university, Avdeev V.A. , Avdeeva O.A. ,   LL.D., professor of the department of state and legal disciplines of the East-Siberian institute of the MIA of Russia
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the problems of ensuring information security in the context of modern globalization of international life, high rates of development of technical and information resources. The relevance of optimization of tools in the field of information security is noted. The priority role is given to the improvement of criminal and other sectoral legislation aimed at prevention, prevention, counteraction to crimes and offenses in the field of computer information. Particular importance in the field of information security is given to the criminallegal regulation of objects of criminal-legal protection. Close attention is paid to the issues of detection, disclosure and accurate legal assessment of crimes and offenses implemented in cyberspace. The importance of the international community in setting universal standards for information security is emphasized.
PERCEPÇÃO DO ASPECTO AMBIENTAL DA GESTÃO DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE VESTUÁRIO NA REGIÃO DE MURIAÉ, ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, A LUZ DO TRIPLE BOTTON LINE, BRASIL
Authors: Alcon Samira Novaes
Published: August 2021

As Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) têm alta representatividade econômica, social e ambiental nas mais diversas economias, incluindo no Brasil. No setor do ramo de confecção foram investidos U$ 894,4 milhões e a produção média foi de 8,9 bilhões de peças onde foram gastos 1,2 milhão de toneladas de material têxtil, levando assim a um faturamento de U$ 48,3 bilhões da cadeia têxtil e confecção brasileira em 2019. O setor têxtil brasileiro, como um todo, gera resíduos na ordem de 175.000 toneladas/ano. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a percepção de empresários do setor no Brasil, quanto à relevância das questões ambientais para as MPEs do ramo de confecção. A investigação deu-se por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória descritiva realizada junto a sete MPEs do segmento na cidade de Muriaé e região no Estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam carência de estrutura e de informações e condições para a efetiva absorção de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade nesta tipologia empresarial.  Conclui-se que é necessário que as empresas, o arranjo produtivo local, as associações e sindicatos, desenvolvam estratégias e ações de apoio para a implementação e monitoramento de práticas sustentáveis no âmbito da MPEs deste segmento na região estudada.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA REVISTA TECNOLOGIA E AMBIENTE (1995-2018)
Authors: Rocha Antunes Altamir , Votri Guislon Aline , Vieira Matiola Amanda , Baldessar Ghislandi Bruna , Zaccaron Zanoni Iara , Ladwig Nilzo Ivo , Dos Santos Robson , Alves Elias Guilherme
Published: August 2021

O desenvolvimento de estudos que reúnem informações sobre uma determinada área vem sendo do interesse de pesquisadores. Estes estudos trazem dados que mostram a evolução de temas de várias áreas, auxiliando no planejamento de novas pesquisas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a produção científica da revista Tecnologia e Ambiente, desde sua criação, em 1995, até 2018, por meio de uma análise bibliométrica. Nossa análise trouxe um panorama sobre as publicações da revista Tecnologia e Ambiente. Foram levantadas informações das áreas de pesquisa, autores mais influentes, publicações por ano, Universidades com maior número de publicações e palavras-chave mais utilizadas. Estes resultados confirmaram a importância da revista a nível regional, e os autores e Universidades colaborados mais relevantes no processo de consolidação da revista. Ainda, foi possível obter uma visão sobre a produção científica e qual o perfil da produtividade científica desenvolvida até o momento.
Latidos visuales de un tiempo incierto
Authors: Niedermaier Alejandra
Published: August 2021

Este escrito ensaya una mirada de escorzo sobre las producciones estéticas que presentan preocupaciones ambientales y luego, más específicamente, sobre las imágenes que acompañaron y acompañan las vicisitudes generadas por el Covid-19 desde marzo 2020 hasta enero 2021 aproximadamente. Esta mirada de escorzo contendrá dos aspectos: el estudio del acontecimiento y, desde una cierta conciencia de historicidad, la significación anacrónica de las imágenes producidas.
Visualizar la mirada. Exploración artística a partir del seguimiento de ojos con imágenes en movimiento
Authors: Schianchi Alejandro , Bender Laurence , Guerra Ignacio , Ito Germán
Published: August 2021

Se plantean una serie de reflexiones en torno a un proyecto de investigación-creación que explora la producción artística de visualizaciones a partir del registro experimental de la mirada frente a imágenes en movimiento. De esta manera, se relacionan elementos científico-tecnológicos de medición de la mirada con aspectos del lenguaje audiovisual y de la producción artística electrónica.

Las miradas se registran con un dispositivo de seguimiento ocular de alta resolución (eye tracker) aunque sus datos no son el objetivo final del presente análisis, sino parte fundamental de un proceso de creación de imágenes.

Las composiciones visuales creadas por software a partir de los recorridos oculares exhiben los aspectos activos y creativos involucrados en el proceso de mirar. Una mirada, en una mirada, de una mirada. El creador de las imágenes aporta la primera, la persona que las contempla mientras se registran los movimientos de sus ojos, la segunda, y por último, la de los espectadores de las visualizaciones resultantes.

Al visualizar la mirada de cada espectador se rescata la experiencia singular ante esas imágenes. La relación única entre el espectador y las escenas observadas materializada en una exploración estética.
La ESMA, sus alumnos y sus posesiones inalienables
Authors: Ohanian María Jazmín
Published: August 2021

La Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA) fue una institución educativa destinada a formar a los suboficiales de la Armada Argentina. Existe un grupo de ex alumnos de dicha escuela de diversas generaciones que a través de un acto voluntario guarda restos, pedazos, lajas, banderas o cualquier retazo material del pasado de la ESMA. En algunos casos los exhiben colectivamente y en otros los guardan en sus casas. Fueron los ex alumnos quienes, en octubre del 2013, correspondieron a mi interés de conocer la historia de la ESMA conduciéndome al sótano del Círculo de Oficiales de Mar donde habían curado un “museo” exclusivo para personal de la Armada y donde narran la historia de la institución educativa a través de la exhibición de objetos. El objetivo de este trabajo es compartir algunas reflexiones acerca de esos objetos bajo la lupa de la propuesta conceptual de la antropóloga estadounidense Annette Weiner sobre el tipo de posesiones que se intentan mantener por fuera del intercambio, a las que llama “inalienables” (1992).
Posesiones inalienables: conservación y circulación de objetos de personas desaparecidas en la Argentina y Colombia
Authors: Guglielmucci Ana
Published: August 2021

A lo largo de mi trabajo de campo en la Argentina y Colombia (2000-2020) he tenido la oportunidad de registrar distintas situaciones en las que los objetos que pertenecieron a personas desaparecidas son salvaguardados de múltiples maneras de los avatares del tiempo y el olvido. Una de estas formas de hacerlos perdurables ha sido a través de altares domésticos, prácticas forenses, performances de denuncia pública y obras artísticas. Tales objetos –entendidos como “posesiones inalienables” (Weiner, 1992)– adquieren valor a través de su preservación, archivo y exposición estética, en lugar de su intercambio en una economía de mercado o de valor simbólico. En este texto, a partir de la descripción de distintas experiencias, analizo cuáles son las prácticas orientadas a conservar la existencia de objetos que han trascendido la desaparición de sus poseedores y las formas restringidas de circularlos o exponerlos en determinadas situaciones o contextos en los que adquieren novedosas significaciones. Este análisis permite ver la manera en que tales objetos se convierten en reliquias o huellas de existencias negadas y, al mismo tiempo, en mediaciones para el reclamo político en escenarios públicos.
COVID 19 in the US through the lens of Transition Design
Authors: Irwin Terry
Published: August 2021

Este proyecto fue realizado por un pequeño equipo de investigadores afiliados al Transition Design Institute de la Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, EE. UU. Es un “trabajo en progreso” compartido con un grupo específico como una introducción al enfoque de Transition Design y su conjunto de herramientas emergentes para abordar “problemas perversos” y no debe considerarse una investigación concluyente. En marzo de 2020, cuando COVID-19 estaba emergiendo en los EE.UU. decidimos utilizar el enfoque de Diseño para la Transición para rastrear y analizar la propagación y la respuesta a la pandemia en los EE.UU. Este alcance de la investigación tiene la intención de servir como un “ boceto ”para orientar la investigación cualitativa adicional que involucre una variedad de métodos tales como: entrevistas a las partes interesadas (1) y a expertos (con expertos como epidemiólogos, sociólogos, historiadores, formuladores de políticas, políticos, funcionarios de salud, organizaciones sin fines de lucro, etc.), recopilación de datos cualitativos, talleres de creación de sentido con las partes interesadas, entre otros. La investigación adicional ampliaría y validaría o refutaría los hallazgos y análisis preliminares que se muestran aquí.
Escalar la solución: del Diseño de una herramienta de prevención a la creación de Protocolos comunitarios de protección contra la violencia
Authors: Valverde Villamizar Susan
Published: August 2021

El siguiente escrito analiza bajo la perspectiva del Diseño para la Transición un proyecto piloto para la prevención de violencia intrafamiliar y basada en género llevado a cabo en San Pablo, una comuna costera perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. A través del diseño de una herramienta analógica el proyecto le acerca información para identificar, prevenir y denunciar la violencia a mujeres que no tienen acceso regular a medios de comunicación como teléfonos fijos, inteligentes o internet y que corren el riesgo de permanecer aisladas mientras sufren abusos. Mediante el mapeo y análisis de la red de problemas perversos que contienen al proyecto se pretende identificar los principales agentes del sistema para desarrollar estrategias que, lejos de proponer procesos preceptivos o “correctos”, posibiliten la creación procesos adaptables y escalables que permitan avizorar en conjunto futuros preferibles e impactar no sólo a la comunidad de San Pablo sino influir en un cambio a nivel cultural donde este tipo de violencia deje de ser entendida como un problema privado y pase a ser tratada como una violación a los derechos humanos que afecta profundamente a las comunidades y cuya erradicación requiere de compromiso a lo largo del tiempo, adaptabilidad y colaboración tanto de las instituciones de gobierno, como de los sectores privados y la ciudadanía en general.
El avance de la impresión 3D. Nuevos caminos en la industria textil
Authors: De Leo Mercurio
Published: August 2021

Actualmente, el cuerpo se ha convertido en blanco de múltiples atenciones y es, al mismo tiempo, objetivo de grandes inversiones (Barreiro, 2004). La demanda de nuevas prendas y las expresiones de diseñadores impulsan la búsqueda de nuevas materialidades e identidades a comunicar. Como parte de estas exploraciones, desde 2014 pueden identificarse diseñadores e investigadores trabajando en el desarrollo, perfeccionamiento y confección de telas y prendas impresas en 3D. El reciente surgimiento tanto de telas como de prendas textiles fabricadas a partir de la impresión 3D es muestra de las posibilidades que ofrece la Industria 4.0. Si bien los aspectos sostenibles de esta tecnología hacen parecer vasto el horizonte al que puede conducir (por las posibilidades que ofrece), también contiene aspectos insostenibles que merecen ser analizados para reorientar los mejores caminos a tomar en búsqueda de la sostenibilidad. La técnica de impresión por deposición de materiales está creciendo fuertemente en todo el mundo, sin embargo las materias primas que utiliza en la actualidad presentan varios aspectos insostenibles similares al de otras industrias que utilizan termoplásticos. Es por esto que se requerirá la activa participación de actores sociales como diseñadores, investigadores, empresas, estados para lograr los cambios de hábitos de consumo y la conciencia necesaria para posibilitar el cierre del ciclo de vida de los productos y prendas realizados con impresión 3D.
Diseño para la eco-innovación: hacia un mejor escenario futuro basado en el alineamiento de la investigación impulsada por el diseño
Authors: Mollenhauer Katherine , Candela Sanjuán Bernardo Antonio
Published: August 2021

Actualmente n se entiende un prces de innvación que n tenga en cuenta el impact ecnómic, scial y mediambiental que puede derivar de su implementación. El diseñ cm agente de innvación de las prácticas sciculturales, puede facilitar el cambi y la transfrmación necesaria para que el futur sea sstenible, just y prósper para el planeta y sus cmunidades. Sin embarg, la identificación del aprte del diseñ, requiere determinar ls principis, criteris y cmpnentes metdlógics que deben ser activads, y pnerls en acción mediante un métd que abrde el prces c-creativamente, desde la identificación del prblema u prtunidad, la ideación de las psibles respuestas de slución hasta la adjudicación de fnds cncursables para la implementación del pryect. La investigación se realizó en el cntext de un prgrama de cperación internacinal de investigación, financiad pr institucines públicas y privadas, que generó prpuestas para pryects de investigación impulsads pr el diseñ, alineads específicamente cn el eje priritari “Crecimient verde y sstenibilidad” de la Estrategia de Especialización Inteligente de Canarias 2014-2020. Ls autres sistematizarn ls resultads desde una perspectiva de investigación aplicada y de diseñ de cas únic y cm resultad presentan una metdlgía y un tlkit para el alineamient de la investigación impulsada pr el diseñ cn las plíticas territriales de investigación e innvación. Finalmente, ls autres a partir de ls resultads de la aplicación, cncluyen que el desarrll de una metdlgía que permita la alineación y active ls ptenciales aprtes del ecsistema de diseñ cn un sistema de innvación territrial determinad, tiene cm beneficis ampliar las prtunidades de acción de la disciplina, al mism tiemp que aprtar al lgr de ls bjetivs estratégics para el desarrll sstenible de la región.
La Metáfora en las lógicas proyectuales poéticas. La metáfora orgánica hoy
Authors: Pokropek Jorge
Published: August 2021

La noción de metáfora es primordial para la instrumentación conceptual, rigurosa de las lógicas proyectuales poéticas que determinan la producción de formas estéticamente intencionadas que constituyen nuestro entorno físico y cultural. Un entorno que tiende a incrementar la dimensión poética del ser cuando su propia dimensión poética se enriquece por acción del diseño. El objeto de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las relaciones entre la dimensión poética y la metáfora orgánica hoy.
La Metáfora orgánica en la historia del diseño
Authors: Cravino Ana
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la metáfora orgánica en el campo del diseño considerando no solo su función mimética o analógica sino además su carácter representacional. La metáfora no solo es un instrumento de la poética, la imaginación y la creación sino además es una herramienta cognitiva que nos permite indagar sobre aquello que comunica y el modo en que lo hace. Para ello se tomará en cuenta el período comprendido entre 1850 y 1920 que corresponde a la aparición del Arts and Crafts y el Art Nouveau.