bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a gross anatomy laboratory to online anatomy software for teaching anatomy
Authors: Mathiowetz Virgil , Yu Chih‐Huang , Quake‐Rapp Cindee
Published: April 2015

This study was designed to assess the grades, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction between occupational therapy students who used a gross anatomy laboratory versus online anatomy software (AnatomyTV) as tools to learn anatomy at a large public university and a satellite campus in the mid‐western United States. The goal was to determine if equivalent learning outcomes could be achieved regardless of learning tool used. In addition, it was important to determine why students chose the gross anatomy laboratory over online AnatomyTV. A two group, post‐test only design was used with data gathered at the end of the course. Primary outcomes were students' grades, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction. In addition, a survey was used to collect descriptive data. One cadaver prosection was available for every four students in the gross anatomy laboratory. AnatomyTV was available online through the university library. At the conclusion of the course, the gross anatomy laboratory group had significantly higher grade percentage, self‐perceived learning, and satisfaction than the AnatomyTV group. However, the practical significance of the difference is debatable. The significantly greater time spent in gross anatomy laboratory during the laboratory portion of the course may have affected the study outcomes. In addition, some students may find the difference in (B+) versus (A−) grade as not practically significant. Further research needs to be conducted to identify what specific anatomy teaching resources are most effective beyond prosection for students without access to a gross anatomy laboratory. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
How did viviparity originate and evolve? Of conflict, co‐option, and cryptic choice
Authors: Kalinka Alex T.
Published: April 2015

I propose that the underlying adaptation enabling the reproductive strategy of birthing live young (viviparity) is retraction of the site of fertilization within the female reproductive tract, and that this evolved as a means of postcopulatory sexual selection. There are three conspicuous aspects associated with viviparity: (i) internal development is a complex trait often accompanied by a suite of secondary adaptations, yet it is unclear how the intermediate state of this trait – egg retention – could have evolved; (ii) viviparity often results in a reduction in fecundity; (iii) viviparity has evolved independently many times across a diverse array of animal groups. Focusing on the Diptera (true flies), I provide explanations for these observations. I further propose that fecundity is not traded‐off to enable potential benefits of viviparity, but rather that loss of fecundity is directly selected and egg retention is an indirect consequence – a model that provides a unifying common basis for the ubiquity of viviparity.
Steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment refining technology of plant biomass to bio‐based products
Authors: Chen Hong‐Zhang , Liu Zhi‐Hua
Published: April 2015

Pretreatment is a key unit operation affecting the refinery efficiency of plant biomass. However, the poor efficiency of pretreatment and the lack of basic theory are the main challenges to the industrial implementation of the plant biomass refinery. The purpose of this work is to review steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment as a means of overcoming the intrinsic characteristics of plant biomass, including recalcitrance, heterogeneity, multi‐composition, and diversity. The main advantages of the selective use of steam explosion and other combinatorial pretreatments across the diversity of raw materials are introduced. Combinatorial pretreatment integrated with other unit operations is proposed as a means to exploit the high‐efficiency production of bio‐based products from plant biomass. Finally, several pilot‐ and demonstration‐scale operations of the plant biomass refinery are described. Based on the principle of selective function and structure fractionation, and multi‐level and directional composition conversion, an integrated process with the combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments as the core should be feasible and conform to the plant biomass refinery concept. Combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments should be further exploited based on the type and intrinsic characteristics of the plant biomass used, the bio‐based products to be made, and the complementarity of the processes.
Peptide splicing in a double‐sequence analogue of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1 substituted in the P1 positions by peptoid monomers
Authors: Karna Natalia , Dębowski Dawid , Łęgowska Anna , Bąchor Remigiusz , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Rolka Krzysztof
Published: April 2015

Recently, we described a process of trypsin‐assisted peptide splicing of analogs of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1, that seems to be very similar to proteasome‐catalyzed peptide splicing. Here, we show, for the first time, that a peptide–peptoid hybrid (peptomer) can also be spliced by trypsin. Incubation of a double sequence SFTI‐1 analog, containing two peptoid monomers, with equimolar amount of trypsin leads to formation of monocyclic peptomer as the main product. We proved that the peptide bond formed by a peptoid monomer is not only digested by trypsin but also participates in the enzyme‐assisted splicing process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 206–212, 2015.
UV‐C mediated rapidcarotenoid induction and settling performance of Dunaliellasalina and Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Sharma Kalpesh K. , Ahmed Faruq , Schenk Peer M. , Li Yan
Published: April 2015

Microalgae are primary producers of organic pigments carotenoids in aquatic environments. However, commercial‐scale microalgae application for high value carotenoids production is rarely economical due to the cost‐effectiveness of carotenoid induction and microalgal harvesting process. Here, we present a novel approach, using a small dose of externally applied UV‐C radiation, to rapidly induce unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis, and also to significantly promote their swimming cells settling for primary dewatering. The amount of total carotenoids and β‐carotenoid were doubled in 24 h on D. salina upon 50 mJ/cm2 of UV‐C radiation, whereas the astaxanthin yield of H. pluvialis was increased five times in 48 h at 30 mJ/cm2. Meanwhile, 95% of algal cells of D. salina and H. pluvialis settled in 15 h and 2 h, respectively. This novel technique represents a convenient, time‐saving and cost‐effective method for commercial microalgal carotenoids production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2106–2114. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case report of periprosthetic fracture left proximal humerus with radial nerve palsy following pectoralis major repair
Authors: Shah Jaydeep , Marson Ben A.
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical Message

Primary repair of pectoralis major tendon with bony tunnels and anchor sutures in the proximal humerus creates a potential weakness and stress riser leading to increased risk of periprosthetic fracture and nerve damage at the site of weakness with subsequent injury, if not allowed to heal satisfactorily with adequate period of rest.
Evidence for eomesodermin‐expressing innate‐like CD8+ KIR/NKG2A+ T cells in human adults and cord blood samples
Authors: Jacomet Florence , Cayssials Emilie , Basbous Sara , Levescot Anaïs , Piccirilli Nathalie , Desmier Deborah , Robin Aurélie , Barra Anne , Giraud Christine , Guilhot François , Roy Lydia , Herbelin André , Gombert Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2015

Polyclonal CD8+ T cells, with a marked innate/memory phenotype, high eomesodermin (Eomes) expression, and the capacity to generate IFN‐γ rapidly without prior exposure to antigen, have been described in mice. However, even though a pool of human CD8+ T cells expressing killer Ig‐like receptors (KIRs) was recently documented, the existence of a human equivalent of murine innate/memory CD8+ T cells remains to be established. Here, we provide evidence for a population of KIR/NKG2A+CD8+ T cells in healthy human adults sharing the same features, namely increased Eomes expression, prompt IFN‐γ production in response to innate‐like stimulation by IL‐12+IL‐18, and a potent antigen‐independent cytotoxic activity along with a preferential terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype. None of the above functional characteristics applied to the KIR/NKG2A− fraction of the Eomes+CD8+ T‐cell population, thereby underlining the ability of KIR/NKG2A to distinguish between “innate/memory‐like” and “conventional/memory” pools of CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, KIR/NKG2A+Eomes+CD8+ T cells with innate‐like functions and a memory/terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype were also identified in human cord blood, suggesting that their development did not depend on cognate antigens. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that CD8+ T cells co‐expressing Eomes and KIR/NKG2A may represent a new, functionally distinct “innate/memory‐like” subset in humans.
Synthesis, Structure and Redox Properties of Asymmetric (Cyclopentadienyl)(ene‐1,2‐dithiolate)cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Phenyl, Pyridyl and Pyrazinyl Units
Authors: Dicks James P. , Zubair Muhammad , Davies E. Stephen , Garner C. David , Schulzke Carola , Wilson Claire , McMaster Jonathan
Published: April 2015

The compounds [(η5‐C5H5)Co{SC(H)CRS}] [R = phenyl (1), pyridin‐3‐yl (2) or pyrazin‐2‐yl (3)] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography. The variation in the UV/Vis and redox properties of these compounds alone and upon acidification has been investigated. In CH2Cl2 solution each compound undergoes a reversible one‐electron reduction, and the EPR spectrum of each monoanion has been recorded. In the presence of a 5:1 excess of trifluoroacetic acid the one‐electron reduction of both 2 and 3 occurs at a less negative potential. The information obtained has been interpreted with the aid of DFT calculations for [1]y, [2]y and [3]y (y = 0 or –1) and the monoprotonated forms [2H]z and [3H]z (z = +1 or 0), and this has provided insight into the nature of the redox‐active orbitals in these complexes. The HOMOs and LUMOs of these species are delocalized and each involves contributions from cobalt, ene‐1,2‐dithiolate and R orbitals. The information from the experimental and theoretical investigations is used to suggest that, for the pyran ring‐opened form of the molybdenum cofactor of oxygen‐atom‐transfer enzymes, the pterin may participate in the redox reactions involved in the catalytic cycle.
α‐Alkyl‐α‐aryl (Trimethyltin) Nitriles: Versatile Nucleophilic Intermediates in Aldol‐Like Reactions
Authors: Qin Wenling , Long Sha , Bongini Alessandro , Panunzio Mauro
Published: April 2015

α‐Alkyl‐α‐aryl (trimethyltin) nitriles react spontaneously with aldehydes and ketones in THF/toluene to give β‐hydroxy nitriles with satisfactory to good yields and diastereoselectivity. No extra catalyst is required in this aldol‐like reaction. A possible trimethyltin‐substituted ketene imine intermediate is invoked as reactive species. DFT calculations offer good support for this hypothesis.
Integration: The Critical M&A Success Factor
Authors: Venema William H.
Published: April 2015

Most mergers and acquisitions (M&As) fail to meet the expectations of the purchasers. It is clear that the due diligence, valuation analysis, and negotiation that precede the closing of a transaction cannot guarantee its success. Instead, the synergies and assumptions that supported the decision to acquire a target business will be realized only if the purchaser effectively integrates the target. Unfortunately, many purchasers either fail to plan the integration of the target adequately or conduct the integration process too slowly.

The author of this article explains how to draw up a good integration plan that will boost the chances of M&A success. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous removal and recovery of palladium in an upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactor
Authors: Pat‐Espadas Aurora M. , Field James A. , Razo‐Flores Elías , Cervantes Francisco J. , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a continuous‐flow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactor for the removal of palladium (II) from aqueous streams and the recovery of this precious metal as biogenic Pd(0). Anaerobic methanogenic granular sludge has been recently shown to reduce Pd(II) in the presence of a suitable electron donor leading to the formation of biomass‐associated Pd(0).

RESULTS

Two laboratory‐scale UASB reactors were fed with ethanol or acetate, in order to compare their performance in terms of Pd removal and reduction. Pd(II) was added in two periods of increasing concentration, 5 mg Pd(II) L−1 and then 15 mg Pd(II) L−1. Extensive removal of Pd (up to 99%), was attained in both reactors. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed significant differences in the content of Pd(0) in the biomass, depending on the electron donor used. The main mechanisms of Pd(II) removal when acetate and ethanol were used as electron donor were biosorption and reduction to Pd(0) by biogenic H2 released as fermentation product, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to apply a continuous process for Pd reduction and recovery using a methanogenic consortium. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open liver resection for colorectal liver metastases with propensity score matching: a multi‐institutional Japanese study
Authors: Beppu Toru , Wakabayashi Go , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Gotohda Naoto , Mizuguchi Toru , Takahashi Yutaka , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Taniai Nobuhiko , Watanabe Manabu , Katou Masato , Nagano Hiroaki , Honda Goro , Baba Hideo , Kokudo Norihiro , Konishi Masaru , Hirata Koichi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Uchida Eiji , Kusachi Shinya , Kubota Keiichi , Mori Masaki , Takahashi Keiichi , Kikuchi Ken , Miyata Hiroaki , Takahara Takeshi , Nakamura Masafumi , Kaneko Hironori , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Takada Tadahiro
Published: April 2015

Background

The aim of the present study was to clarify the surgical outcome and long‐term prognosis of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) compared with conventional open liver resection (OLR) in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Methods

A one‐to‐two propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was applied. Covariates (P < 0.2) used for PSM estimation included preoperative levels of CEA and CA19‐9; primary tumor differentiation; primary pathological lymph node metastasis; number, size, location, and distribution of CRLM; existence of extrahepatic metastasis; extent of hepatic resection; total bilirubin and prothrombin activity levels; and preoperative chemotherapy. Perioperative data and long‐term survival were compared.

Results

From 2005 to 2010, 1,331 patients with hepatic resection for CRLM were enrolled. By PSM, 171 LLR and 342 OLR patients showed similar preoperative clinical characteristics. Median estimated blood loss (163 g vs 415 g, P < 0.001) and median postoperative hospital stay (12 days vs 14 days; P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the LLR group. Morbidity and mortality were similar. Five‐year rates of recurrence‐free, overall, and disease‐specific survival did not differ significantly. The R0 resection rate was similar.

Conclusions

In selected CRLM patients, LLR is strongly associated with lower blood loss and shorter hospital stay and has equivalent long‐term survival comparable with OLR.
Sediment transport dynamics near a river inflow in a large alpine lake
Authors: Scheu K. R. , Fong D. A. , Monismith S. G. , Fringer O. B.
Published: April 2015

Sediment dynamics were investigated in Lake Maggiore, Italy, with field observations from October to mid‐December 2012. Three moorings were deployed in Pallanza Bay, a small embayment on the western side of the lake near the Toce River inflow, to measure temperature and currents throughout the water column and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was estimated with acoustic instrumentation. River intrusions are shown to dominate observed SSC, although a small amount of sediment resuspension was observed at the site of the shallowest mooring during a large wind event that produced strong upwelling of the thermocline followed by downwelling. Although vertical turbulent sediment flux is typically assumed to indicate resuspension and the upward transport of sediment (
), downward turbulent sediment flux was observed (
) near the bed during the largest observed intrusion event. The downward turbulent sediment flux significantly contributes to net deposition rates, which are one order of magnitude larger than rates of erosion measured during the two major events observed. Horizontal transport of sediment occurs in vertically confined layers due to buoyancy‐driven intrusions. Beneath the intrusions, sediment settles out of the water column at settling rates that appear to be constant with depth based on acoustic Doppler current profiler backscatter measurements. The effective settling velocities needed to produce the observed vertical transport of SSC during an inflow intrusion are one order of magnitude larger than those due to the Stokes settling velocity (
) alone. Particle flocculation and possible convective instabilities may play a role in generating the large observed effective settling rates.
Control of laser cutting by process timing
Authors: Harničárová M. , Valíček J. , Kušnerová M. , Grznárik R.
Published: April 2015

Investigation into the assessment of the end product quality of laser cutting becomes essential. There is still a substantial number of research questions that are dedicated to such things as the analysis of cutting problems, or control of laser cutting. This study proposes a procedure for timing of the process by solution of the implicitly expressed relation between the function of time and the depth of cut. The solution realised in the research paper provides the following: a derivation of the method of identification of the influence of the time parameter and of timing of the process functions in the cut.
Optimization of fibrous structures with cellulose fibres, polyacrylamide polymers and CaCO3 fillers: Experimental characterization for computational simulation
Authors: Curto J. M. R. , Rodrigues T. I. F. , Santos Silva M. J.
Published: April 2015

In the development and optimization of advanced fibrous materials, it is very important to design a material with a certain structure, and also with the ability to retain in the fibre network of other non‐fibrous materials. In this work the experimental characterization and optimization of 3D cellulose fibre structures containing an inorganic filler is presented. The cellulose fibres were chosen from to different wood species, Eucalyptus globulus and Picea abies, to have different representative fibre dimensions, and the selected inorganic filler was precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). For the incorporation of precipitated calcium carbonate in the cellulosic fibre network four different types of polyacrylamide (Pam) were used as polymeric 3D retention agents. Pam B was identified as being the most effective with an incorporation of 15.3%, three times the incorporation obtained without Pam. The precipitated calcium carbonate retained in the 3D fibrous structure is determined by incineration. The fibrous structures were simulated using a computational simulator validated for fibrous materials to obtain information about the porosity and structure of the fibrous network without precipitated calcium carbonate.
Microstructure and hardness investigation of different welding passes in weld zones
Authors: Awang M. , Raza S. K. , Yahaya M. S. A.
Published: April 2015

Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that uses frictional heat generated from non‐consumable rotating tool to weld two metals together. This present work aims at the investigation of the effect of multiple pass welding on microstructure and hardness in weld zones. Aluminium alloy 6061‐T6 sheets with a dimension of 100 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm are butt‐welded in three different passes; single pass, double pass on the same side and double pass on different sides. The microstructure of the welded samples and its hardness are analysed and the effect of passes are investigated. Visual inspection on the weld joint shows that double passes experienced smaller wormhole defect as compared to single pass. Microstructure investigation shows slight difference in the grain size among all passes. The quantity of precipitates is highest at the thermo‐mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) compared with other regions. The double passes on same the side exhibits the highest hardness value with 61.1 HV in the stir zone compared with other welding passes studied. However, all regions show lower hardness values as compared to the parent material in all combinations of passes.
Three point bending Hopkinson bar for fracture toughness measurement: A new approach for interface analysis
Authors: Martínez‐Figueroa J. , Rubio‐Gonzalez C. , Velasco‐Reyes F.
Published: April 2015

The arrangement of the three‐point‐bending (3PB) Hopkinson bar has been adopted as a convenient means for measuring the dynamic fracture toughness of materials. Some researchers have used this method to evaluate that property which has become an important dynamic fracture mechanics parameter. In this work, an insight of this arrangement is presented through a finite element method (FEM) analysis. A number of important aspects are approached. Among them, the history of the force conveyed to the specimen and the evolution of the dynamic stress intensity factor (SIF) during tests. A new approach, allowing estimating a more accurate effect on the specimen and also an eventual loss of contact with the incident and transmitter bars is described and explained: instead of obtaining the force, the velocity on the incident bar tip is extracted to feed the finite element model.
Lab And/Or Field? Measuring Personality Processes and Their Social Consequences
Authors: Wrzus Cornelia , Mehl Matthias R.
Published: April 2015

How can researchers study personality processes and their social consequences? In our methodology overview, we first introduce ambulatory assessment methods, which repeatedly measure experiences, physiology and behaviour in people's daily lives based on real–time assessments of self–reports, physiological activity and behavioural observations. Then, we describe methods suitable for assessing personality processes in laboratory settings: self–reports on interpersonal perception, physiological measurements and behavioural observation. We discuss the combination of field and laboratory assessment methods based on their respective strengths and limitations and then highlight ethical issues surrounding the use of these methods. Finally, we propose future avenues for how developments in mobile technology can be used to advance personality research. The increasing availability and the decreasing costs of smartphones, wearable sensors and Internet connectivity offer unique potentials for further understanding the processes underlying how personality exerts broad and important social consequences. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Relationships among Personality, Situational Construal and Social Outcomes
Authors: Morse Patrick J. , Sauerberger Kyle S. , Todd Elysia , Funder David
Published: April 2015

The present study demonstrates a novel way of exploring the relationship between personality and social outcomes by examining an understudied intermediate step: situational construal. Construal is assessed in terms of the degree to which one's description of a situation agrees with others’ descriptions of the same situation (normativity) and the degree to which the description is positively valenced. Participants (N = 256) provided information about their personality and subsequently used the Riverside Situational Q–sort to describe their construal of three in–lab interactions with unacquainted others. A measure of positive behavioural social outcomes was constructed from observer ratings of the video–recorded interactions. Extraversion, agreeableness, openness and neuroticism (negatively) were related to positive behavioural social outcomes, as well as to normativity and positivity of construal. Additionally, normativity and positivity of construal were related to positive social outcomes. However, mediation analyses did not confirm that construal mediates the relation between personality and positive social outcomes. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Pathological Personality Traits and Intimacy Processes within Roommate Relationships
Authors: Ackerman Robert A. , Corretti Conrad A.
Published: April 2015

Problems with intimacy constitute an important area of interpersonal dysfunction in those with personality pathology. Drawing on the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the present research used a longitudinal dyadic design of same–sex roommate pairs (n = 103) to address how certain pathological personality traits (i.e. Negative Affect, Detachment, and Antagonism) relate to the development of disclosure, perceived responsiveness, and closeness. We expected that participants’ pathological traits would be linked to both their own and their roommate's intimacy development, and that the mechanisms underlying these links would include the endorsement of interpersonal values and/or the dispositional expression of interpersonal behaviour in the roommate relationship. Our findings demonstrate that interpersonal motives and/or behaviours primarily help to explain how individuals with higher levels of Detachment manifest difficulty with intimacy. Implications of our findings for research on personality pathology, normative traits, and intimacy are discussed. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
The Social Consequences and Mechanisms of Personality: How to Analyse Longitudinal Data from Individual, Dyadic, Round–Robin and Network Designs
Authors: Nestler Steffen , Grimm Kevin J. , Schönbrodt Felix D.
Published: April 2015

There is a growing interest among personality psychologists in the processes underlying the social consequences of personality. To adequately tackle this issue, complex designs and sophisticated mathematical models must be employed. In this article, we describe established and novel statistical approaches to examine social consequences of personality for individual, dyadic and group (round–robin and network) data. Our overview includes response surface analysis (RSA), autoregressive path models and latent growth curve models for individual data; actor–partner interdependence models and dyadic RSAs for dyadic data; and social relations and social network analysis for round–robin and network data. Altogether, our goal is to provide an overview of various analytical approaches, the situations in which each can be employed and a first impression about how to interpret their results. Three demo data sets and scripts show how to implement the approaches in R. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Serotonin Syndrome Probably Triggered by a Morphine–Phenelzine Interaction
Authors: Mateo‐Carrasco Hector , Muñoz‐Aguilera Eva María , García‐Torrecillas Juan Manuel , Abu Al‐Robb Hiba
Published: April 2015

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life‐threatening condition caused by excessive central and peripheral stimulation of serotonin brainstem receptors, usually triggered by inadvertent interactions between agents with serotonergic activity. Evidence supporting an association between nonserotonergic opiates, such as oxycodone or morphine, and serotonin syndrome is very limited and even contradictory. In this case report, we describe a patient who developed serotonergic‐adverse effects likely precipitated by an interaction between morphine and phenelzine. A 57‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with complaints of increasing visual hallucinations, restlessness, photophobia, dizziness, neck stiffness, occipital headache, confusion, sweating, tachycardia, and nausea over the previous week. On admission, her blood pressure was 185/65 mm Hg, and clonus was noted in the lower extremities. The patient was hospitalized 10 days earlier for cellulitis of the left breast secondary to a left mastectomy 5 months earlier, and a short course of oral morphine was prescribed for pain control. Her routine medications consisted of aspirin, atorvastatin, bisoprolol, clopidogrel, gabapentin, omeprazole, phenelzine, and ramipril. Supportive measures were initiated on admission. Phenelzine and morphine were discontinued immediately, leading to a progressive resolution of symptoms over the next 48 hours. Phenelzine was restarted on discharge without further complications. Use of the Drug Interaction Probability Scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 6) between the patient's development of serotonin syndrome and the combination of morphine and phenelzine. The mechanism underlying this interaction, however, remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Clinicians should carefully weigh the risk and benefits of initiating morphine in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors or any other serotonin‐enhancing drugs.
Temperature dependence of low‐frequency optical phonons in TlInS2
Authors: Paucar Raul , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki , Alekperov Oktay , Mamedov Nazim
Published: April 2015

The unpolarized Stocks component of the Raman spectra of the layered ternary thallium dichalcogenide, TlInS2 was studied with the aid of a Raman confocal microscope system in the low‐frequency region of 35‐150 cm‐1 over the temperature range that embraced the region of the successive phase transitions in this crystal. The observed spectra were deconvoluted into Lorentzian peaks to single‐out the contribution of each Raman mode. The temperature dependence of the Raman frequency and broadening associated with each mode was then obtained. The irregular temperature behaviour of most modes was disclosed in the proximity of phase transitions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembly of Two Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from Tetrabromoterephthalate and Flexible Bis(Benzimidazole) Co‐ligands
Authors: Hu Ju‐Meng , Liu Yong‐Guang , Van Hecke Kristof , Cui Guang‐Hua , Han Li‐Hua
Published: April 2015

Two new cobalt(II) coordination polymers, {[Co(L1)(tbta)]·0.8H2O}n (1) and {[Co(L2)(tbta)]·H2O}n (2) [L1 = 1,1′‐(1,3‐propanediyl)bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole), L2 = 1,2‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2tbta = tetrabromoterephthalic acid] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analysis. The cobalt atoms present similar environments with tetrahedral arrangements in 1 and 2. The two complexes show a 2D (4,4) coordination network with sql topology. Compound 2 is further extended into a rare 3,3,4T3 three‐dimensional supramolecular framework by weak C–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions. The fluorescence and catalytic properties of the complexes for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton‐like process were investigated.
Reticulocyte production index as a predictor of clinically significant anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy
Authors: Yan Sheng‐Lei , Chang Cheng‐Shyong , Chen Chien‐Hua , Yeh Yung‐Hsiang , Tsai Chien‐Yu
Published: April 2015

Background

This work was conducted to study the relationship of reticulocyte production index to clinically significant anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy.

Methods

A total of 69 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy were included. Clinically significant anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of < 10 g/dL. Reticulocyte count values were determined at the baseline and during treatment (4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks). Reticulocyte production indices were calculated according to formulae. Clinical variables were analyzed using univariate analysis. Variables that were found to be significant on univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results

Clinically significant anemia was observed in 30 patients (43.5%), and 39 patients (56.5%) never developed clinically significant anemia during the whole treatment course. On multivariate analysis, age > 60 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–7.93], pretreatment hemoglobin level < 14 g/dL (OR, 5.76; 95% CI, 2.01–16.48), and reticulocyte production index < 0.9% (OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 1.78–16.97) at Week 4 were significantly associated with clinically significant anemia.

Conclusion

Besides old age and low pretreatment hemoglobin level, our study showed that a reticulocyte production index < 0.9% at Week 4 was a significant factor associated with clinically significant anemia during pegylated interferon combination treatment.
Phase field approximation of cohesive fracture models
Authors: Conti S. , Focardi M. , Iurlano F.
Published: April 2015

We obtain a cohesive fracture model as Γ-limit, as

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

, of scalar damage models in which the elastic coefficient is computed from the damage variable
v
through a function

f_{\varepsilon }

of the form

f_{\varepsilon }(v) = \mathrm{\min }⁡\{1,\varepsilon ^{\frac{1}{2}}f(v)\}

, with
f
diverging for
v
close to the value describing undamaged material. The resulting fracture energy can be determined by solving a one-dimensional vectorial optimal profile problem. It is linear in the opening
s
at small values of
s
and has a finite limit as

s\rightarrow \infty

. If in addition the function
f
is allowed to depend on the parameter
ε
, for specific choices we recover in the limit Dugdale's and Griffith's fracture models, and models with surface energy density having a power-law growth at small openings.
Hypoxic preconditioning can reduce injury‐induced inflammatory processes in the neonatal rat brain
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , Jones Nicole M.
Published: April 2015

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury. Studies have shown that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) can ameliorate brain damage, but its effects on inflammation remain unknown. Postnatal day 6 (P6), Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into normoxia and hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) groups. On P7, some pups underwent a right carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) while under 1.5% isofluorane anesthesia and the remaining pups underwent sham surgery without occlusion. Animals were sacrificed 5 days later and fixed tissue was used to examine changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the cortex. Fresh tissue was collected to determine cortical levels of proinflammatory cytokines using ELISA. There was a significant loss in the number of NeuN positive cells in the cortex following HI injury, which was improved when HP was given prior to HI. There was an increase in cortical area of astrocyte staining after HI injury compared to control. HP before HI was able to reduce area of GFAP staining back to control levels. HI caused a large increase in the number of activated microglia compared to control and HP was able to significantly reduce this, although not back to control levels. HP alone increased microglial activation. Interleukin‐1β levels were increased in the cortex 5 days after HI, but HP was not able to significantly reduce this change. The neuroprotective effects of HP appear to be mediated by affecting cellular inflammatory processes in the brain following HI injury.
ANALYSIS OF PASTURE SYSTEMS TO MAXIMIZE THE PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF GRASS-FED BEEF PRODUCTION
Authors: BHANDARI BASU DEB , GILLESPIE JEFFREY , SCAGLIA GUILLERMO , WANG JIM , SALASSI MICHAEL
Published: April 2015

Pasture systems for grass-fed beef production in the Gulf Coast region were evaluated for profitability and sustainability over the period 2009/2010 to 2011/2012. May-weaned steers were divided into groups and randomly placed into different pasture systems. Data on input usage, output quantities, and carbon emissions were recorded and analyzed. The least complex grazing system yielded higher profit than the most complex, but the most complex produced the lowest greenhouse gas impact. A trade-off was found between profitability and greenhouse gas impact among the systems.
Verifying Timestamps of Occultation Observation Systems
Authors: Barry M. A.(Tony) , Gault Dave , Bolt Greg , McEwan Alistair , Filipović Miroslav D. , White Graeme L.
Published: April 2015

We describe an image timestamp verification system to determine the exposure timing characteristics and continuity of images made by an imaging camera and recorder, with reference to Coordinated Universal Time. The original use was to verify the timestamps of stellar occultation recording systems, but the system is applicable to lunar flashes, planetary transits, sprite recording, or any area where reliable timestamps are required. The system offers good temporal resolution (down to 2 ms, referred to Coordinated Universal Time) and provides exposure duration and interframe dead time information. The system uses inexpensive, off-the-shelf components, requires minimal assembly, and requires no high-voltage components or connections. We also describe an application to loadfits(and other format) image files, which can decode the verification image timestamp. Source code, wiring diagrams, and built applications are provided to aid the construction and use of the device.
Can nutrient profiling help to identify foods which diet variety should be encouraged? Results from the Whitehall II cohort
Authors: Masset Gabriel , Scarborough Peter , Rayner Mike , Mishra Gita , Brunner Eric J.
Published: April 2015

Higher variety of recommended foods, identified arbitrarily based on dietary guidelines, has been associated with better health status. Nutrient profiling is designed to identify objectively, based on nutrient content, healthier foods whose consumption should be encouraged. The objective was to assess the prospective associations between total food variety (food variety score, FVS) and variety from selected recommended and non-recommended foods (RFV and NRFV, respectively) and risk of chronic disease and mortality. In 1991–3, 7251 participants of the Whitehall II study completed a 127-item FFQ. The FVS was defined as the number of foods consumed more than once a week. (N)RFV(Ofcom) and (N)RFV(SAIN,LIM) were similarly derived selecting healthier (or less healthier) foods as defined by the UK Ofcom and French SAIN,LIM nutrient profile models, respectively. Multi-adjusted Cox regressions were fitted with incident CHD, diabetes, CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality (318, 754, 137, 251 and 524 events, respectively – median follow-up time 17 years). RFV and NRFV scores were mutually adjusted. The FVS (fourthv.first quartile) was associated with a 39 and 26 % reduction of prospective CHD and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. The RFV(Ofcom) (thirdv.first quartile) was associated with a 27 and 35 % reduction of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality risk, respectively; similar associations were suggested, but not significant for the RFV(SAIN,LIM). No prospective associations were observed with NRFV scores. The results strengthen the rationale to promote total food variety and variety from healthy foods. Nutrient profiling can help in identifying those foods whose consumption should be encouraged.
Cryptosporidiuminfections in suckler herd beef calves
Authors: BJÖRKMAN C. , LINDSTRÖM L. , OWESON C. , AHOLA H. , TROELL K. , AXÉN C.
Published: April 2015

A study was carried out to investigate how commonCryptosporidiuminfections are in beef calves in Swedish suckler herds and to explore which species and subtypes that occur. We further aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding ofCryptosporidiumoocysts in this type of calf management. The study was conducted in two regions in Sweden and included 30 herds. Faecal samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months. A brief clinical examination was done and a questionnaire was used to collect data on management routines. Faeces were cleaned and concentrated and oocysts identified by epifuorescence microscopy.Cryptosporidiumpositive samples were analyzed at the 18S rRNA and GP60 genes to determine species andCryptosporidium parvumsubtype, respectively. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection. Oocysts were detected in 122 (36·7%) calves from 29 (97%) herds, at 400 to 2·4 × 107OPG. The youngest positive calves were only 1 and 2 days old. There was no association between age andCryptosporidiuminfection.Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae, C. parvumandCryptosporidium ubiquitumwere identified, withC. bovisbeing the major species. TwoC. parvumsubtypes, IIaA16G1R1 and IIdA27G1 were identified. Routines for cleaning calf pens and number of cows in calving pens were associated with infection.
Favorites or Pariahs? The Fate of the Right-Wing Militia Men in Interwar Hungary
Authors: Bodó Béla
Published: April 2015

The dissolution of theAustro-HungarianEmpirein the fall of 1918 inaugurated a period of rapid change in East Central Europe. Independent Hungary, which emerged as one of the “successor states” to the Dual Monarchy, experienced two revolutions in ten months. However, neither the democratic regime, born in the October Revolution of 1918, nor the more radical Council Republic, founded in March 1919, was able to solve the country's pressing economic and social problems and defend its sovereignty. The collapse of the Council Republic and the occupation of Budapest and the eastern half of the country by the Romanian Army in early August 1919 provoked a right-wing reaction. The next seven months experienced a rapid rise in paramilitary and mob violence. The militias targeted the supporters of the Left, poor workers, and peasants, as well as apolitical and middle-class Jews. Political violence in the second half of 1919 and the early 1920s took the lives of between fifteen hundred and five thousand people in Hungary. The rise of paramilitary and mob violence was part of a larger European phenomenon. From Germany to Turkey, and from Hungary to Poland and the Baltic states, paramilitary groups played a major role in establishing borders and shaping the postwar social and political order domestically.
The Rehabilitated Austrians and the Borodajkewycz Affair
Authors: Kropiunigg Rafael Milan
Published: April 2015

Ladies and Gentlemen! Where are we living? What age are we living in? Is this the Democratic Republic of Austria or a part of the Third Reich? Have we got twenty years of reconstruction and new construction of our fatherland behind us, or do we stand before the year 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War Two? Has all the terror, all fright, completely bypassed such educators of the youth? Has nothing made an impression on them that would have changed them?

Just as a Socialist parliamentarian spoke these words on 31 March 1965, an affair surrounding the Viennese University Professor Taras (von) Borodajkewycz culminated in the Second Republic's most violent street fights and allegedly sole political death to date. In the course of the early 1960s, the professor's antidemocratic references and nostalgic statements on the Third Reich in his lectures had also come to the attention of the wider public. Clashes in March between Rightist and Leftist students ensued, and the Borodajkewycz Affair finally reached its height when on that last day in March the right-wing student Günther Kümel delivered a deadly blow to a 67-year-old Communist.
Three-dimensional coating flow of nematic liquid crystal on an inclined substrate
Authors: LAM M. A. , CUMMINGS L. J. , LIN T.-S. , KONDIC L.
Published: April 2015

We consider a coating flow of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) fluid film on an inclined substrate. Exploiting the small aspect ratio in the geometry of interest, a fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation is used to model the free surface evolution. Particular attention is paid to the interplay between the bulk elasticity and the anchoring conditions at the substrate and free surface. Previous results have shown that there exist two-dimensional travelling wave solutions that translate down the substrate. In contrast to the analogous Newtonian flow, such solutions may be unstable to streamwise perturbations. Extending well-known results for Newtonian flow, we analyse the stability of the front with respect to transverse perturbations. Using full numerical simulations, we validate the linear stability theory and present examples of downslope flow of nematic liquid crystal in the presence of both transverse and streamwise instabilities.
Genome-wide SSR marker development in oil palm by Illumina HiSeq for parental selection
Authors: Taeprayoon Puntaree , Tanya Patcharin , Kang Yang Jae , Limsrivilai Anek , Lee Suk-Ha , Srinives Peerasak
Published: April 2015

Next-generation sequencing is a new technique for plant genome sequencing at a large scale that is faster and cheaper than previous sequencing technologies. The present work reports the development of new polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using Illumina HiSeq sequencing data. More than 39 Gb (total 39,086,646,904 bases) was generated from the selected oil palm clone, D4. After de novo assembly, a total of 130,840 potential SSRs were identified. For SSR validation, 144 out of 762 SSR primer pairs were designed, including tri-nucleotide motifs, from the D4 contigs. Using 11 lines from three different clones of oil palm, 61 SSR primers revealed polymorphic alleles and high average polymorphic information content (PIC) values. Cluster analysis separated all oil palm plants into three clusters: clones A, B and C. These identified genome-wide SSR markers will enrich current genomic resources of the oil palm crop.
Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media
Authors: Falk Kerstin , Coasne Benoit , Pellenq Roland , Ulm Franz-Josef , Bocquet Lydéric
Published: April 2015

Although hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs, the so-called shale gas, has exploded recently, reliable predictions of resource availability and extraction are missing because conventional tools fail to account for their ultra-low permeability and complexity. Here, we use molecular simulation and statistical mechanics to show that continuum description—Darcy’s law—fails to predict transport in shales nanoporous matrix (kerogen). The non-Darcy behaviour arises from strong adsorption in kerogen and the breakdown of hydrodynamics at the nanoscale, which contradict the assumption of viscous flow. Despite this complexity, all permeances collapse on a master curve with an unexpected dependence on alkane length. We rationalize this non-hydrodynamic behaviour using a molecular description capturing the scaling of permeance with alkane length and density. These results, which stress the need for a change of paradigm from classical descriptions to nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous media.