bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Keruangan Terhadap Perubahan dan Persebaran Permukiman Kumuh di Kecamatan Banjarsari Kota Surakarta Tahun 2001-2005
Authors: Dahroni D
Published: August 2017

Since the year 1998 up to the mid of 2005, in the district ofBanjarsari, there happened an increasing amount of slum areas which might endanger the environmental balance. This research aims at (1) identifying the shift of distribution pattern from the settlement diffusion in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta in the year 2001-2005. (2) Identifying the alteration form of the unoccupied land into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. (3) Identifying the characteristics of slum area dwellers in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. This research uses the survey method, secondary data analysis and map analysis. The data ar alysis used is tlie closest neighbor analysis, table of frequency, crossed tables and descrip ave analysis. The result shows that (1) the distribution pattern of the slum areas appeared in the district ofBanjarsari in the year 2001 is the random distribution pattern while the one in 2005 is the dissemination pattern. Such pattern indicates the grc wing amount and interraction with the means of transportation and economic condition in those slum areas. (3) The lands which are altered into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari during 2001-2005 take place in the unoccupied areas owned by the state.(3) The distribution of age among the slum area inhabitants is around 41-61 years of age (49%) while tb biggest amount is the new arrivals (57%). The region of Sub province Sragen has the bigges percentage in the distribution of the city inhabitants origin in the district of Banjarsari. Regionally, the inhabitants who come from the hinterland of Surakarta or ex Surakarta residency took the amount lof 73.68%. The highest percentage of educational level of the slum area inhabitants in the district of Banjarsari is the uneducated residents or those from low education level (55%). Most of the respondents occupations of the slum area dwellers in Banjarsari are in the informal sectors (82%) The number of family member in the district of Banjarsari is around l-
Terrain Characterization and Soil Erosion Risk Assessment for Watershed Prioritization Using Remote Sensing and GIS (A case study of Nawagaon Maskara Rao Watershed, Saharanpur, India)
Authors: Harjadi Beny
Published: August 2017

Soil erosion is crucial problem in India where more than 70% of land in degraded. This study is to establish conservation priorities of the sub watersheds across the entire terrain, and suggest suitable conservation measures. Soil conservation practices are not only from erosion data both qualitative SES (Soil Erosion Status) model and quantitative MMF (Morgan, Morgan and Finney) model erosion, but we have to consider LCC (Land Capability Classification) and LULC (Land Use Land Cover). Study demonstrated the use of RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) in soil erosion risk assessment by deriving soil and vegetation parameters in the erosion models. Sub-watersheds were prioritized based on average soil loss and the area falls under various erosion risk classes for conservation planning. The annual rate of soil loss based on MMF model was classified into five soil erosion risk classes for soil conservation measures. From 11 sub watersheds, for the first priority of the watershed is catchment with the small area and the steep slope. Recommendation for steep areas (classes VI, VII, and VIII) land use allocation should be made to maintain forest functions.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berbasis Web untuk Manajemen Pemanfaatan Air Tanah menggunakan PHP, Java dan MySQL Spatial (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Banyumas)
Authors: Jumadi J , Widiadi Sigit
Published: August 2017

In the existing world of geographic information systems (GIS), desktop mapping has taken a critical role for managing and using spatial information for business. But desktop-based GIS application having any limitation for users. The research was conducted to develop the web-based GIS in order to manage groundwater exploration and production, preventing from uncontrolled exploration, using Java Applet, MySQL Spatial and PHP. The system development was designed by using waterfall model of system life cycle with following steps: 1) system requirements, 2) software requirements, 3) analysis, 4) program design, 5) coding, 6) testing, and 7) operation, supported by reference study, observation, and peer discussion. The result shows that by using Java Applet, MySQL Spatial and PHP, web-based GIS for groundwater management is customizable to create spatial modeling and well log modeling, user friendly, interactive, interoperable, informative, and easy to access with LAN/WAN connected PC. The application is very helpful in order to balance between groundwater supply and production, groundwater level monitoring, water quality monitoring, and groundwater user monitoring. Hopefully, the implementation of the system will help the groundwater supply conservation for sustainable development.
Kesenjangan dalam Pembangunan Kewilayahan
Authors: Wilonoyudho Saratri
Published: August 2017

The purpose this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent patterns and trends of urban growth, and to discuss the relationship between urbanization and regional imbalances in Indonesia, and also to assess the policy implication. Over the last 20 years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth, as a result of rapid population growth and as the world‘s economy has been transformed by a combination of rapid technological and political change. The population of the cities roughly doubles when we add the zones to the metropolitan core. In the cases of Semarang, there is much more than a doubling. The inner zones are where the action is migrant come there from both the core and elsewhere in the country. Net migration in many cases contributes as much as two thirds of the population growth in these zones, whereas in the city cores, net migration contributes little to growth. A comprehensive model suggest that regional imbalances in Indonesia is influenced by economic-structural and social demographic factors.
Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau berdasarkan Distribusi Suhu Permukaan di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Rushayati Siti Badriyah , Alikodra Hadi S. , Dahlan Endes N. , Purnomo Herry
Published: August 2017

Bandung Regency is experiencing increased of air temperature, particularly in the urban area. High air temperature in urban areas is caused by increasing built-up areas and declining green open space. Green open space should be built to lower air temperature and to create a comfortable micro climate. Green open space should be developed at locations with high air temperature to reach its efficacy. This research used spatial analysis to generate air temperature distribution map. The map was used as the basis in developing green open space. The map showed that green open spaces should be developed at several sub-districts, namely Margahayu, Margaasih, Dayeuhkolot, Baleendah, Bojongsoang, Rancaekek, Cileunyi, Pameungpeuk, and Majalaya sub-districts.
Analisis Fluktuasi Hujan dan Morfologi Sungai terhadap Konsentrasi Banjir Daerah Surakarta
Authors: Anna Alif Noor , Suharjo S , Cholil Munawar
Published: August 2017

This research aims to analyse rain fluctuation and river morphology to flood concentration in Bengawan Solo River, Surakarta. The method of this research is field survey supported by secondary data analysis. The survey was conducted using GPS (Global Positioning System). The result indicates that high intensity rainfall in the research area happened during October till April. River flow in dry season generally decreased in accordance with the distribution of low rainfall (dry month). Whereas, river flow rates seen to increase along with the rainfall that occurs in the rainy season. Other result show that point 11-18 (location in Tanjung village district of Sukoharjo till Semanggi village district of Pasar Kliwon) very superficial which became impact of the river. The point represent floods concentration, therefore if there is rain with high quantity, the water will rise and overflow to surface, especially point 11, 13, and 16 (Tanjung, Kedunggudel, and Telukan village district of Sukoharjo). The processes that occurred at these sites are sedimentation, and lateral erosion (horizontal erosion).
Persebaran Penduduk yang Tidak Memiliki Dokumen Kependudukan di Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Irdam
Published: August 2017

There are two main problems of population administration system in Indonesia. Firstly, population data is not well managed and overlapped among many government institutions. Secondly, many people do not possess population documents because they did not report any vital events that have been occurred in their family, such as birth, death, move in and move out. These problems then cause list of election voters (DPT) in 2009 general election (Pemilu) are not valid. This study would like to know geographic maps of people that do not possess population documents by province. In addition, this study also search factors affecting people that do not possess paper official identities, using logistic regression. The results show that out of six independent variables used in this study; age and education of head of household, distance to village office, village status (urban/rural), household income and number of household members, only distance to village office which is significant in influence people do not possess population documents.
Rainfall Distribution and the Possibility for Healthy and Fresh Drinking Water
Authors: Anna Alif Noor
Published: August 2017

The information of rain water quality in Indonesia is rarely recorded, where as it is important for the region in which the source of fresh water is unavailable. Rain water composition is mostly ascertained by water vapour and ions which are available in the atmosphere during vapouration. In fact the rain water composition of coast region is sea water like and rain water chemical composition of urban are then become HNO3 and HSO4, while rain water of active vulcanic region eventuality has a high sulphur-wombed so that its quality sulphuric-acid. For the region in which the source of fresh water is unavailable the rain water is previously sterilized. Sterilization is consecutively done by adding salts, killing all bacteria, spores, and filltering.
Demographic Transition and the Development of Indonesia
Authors: Priyono P
Published: August 2017

The Indonesian population is still growing rapidly and it is induced by fertility and mortacity aspect. In the period of 1961-1971, the overage rate of population growth was 2.1 percent and it became 2.34 percent in the next decade. After that a decrease occured in the period of 1980-1985 (2.1 percent). The decrease in the growth rate lasted to the year of 1990 (1.9 percent). The increase in population in the period of 1971 – 1980 did not mean the failures of the development programmes, like education, health, family planning, the women rate etc but it was due to the decrease in mortality rate was faster than the decrease in fertility rate in the demographic transition era. The development intervention, as stated set forth, has induced the decrease in fertility and mortality in this country, though different intensity. The special province of Yogyakarta and Bali their transition wheieas Nusa Tenggara Barat province is still far from the end of transition. The development impact will life expectancy, death rate, infant mortality rate etc.
Ruang, Lingkungan dan Wilayah: Suatu Konsep Dasar Geografi
Authors: Dilahur D
Published: August 2017

Sejarah perkembangan geografi mencatat lima sudut pandang yang berpengaruh luas dalam perkembangan pemikiran geografi yaitu, determinisme dari Friedrich Raizel, possibilisme dari Paul Vidal de La Blache, waktu dan bentang lahan dari Sauer, studi wilayah dari Hartshorne dan keruangan dari Schaefer. Kelima sudut pandang tersebut melahirkan tiga pendekatan utama dalam geografi saat ini yaitu sudut pandang keruangan, sudut pandang lingkungan dan sudut pandang kompleks wilayah. Pemhahasan tentang hakekat ruang, lingkungan dan wilayah menunjukkan bahwa ketiga sudut pandang tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan sudut pandang atau pendekatan geografi. Waktu merupakan dimensi keempat dalam geograji oleh karenanya setiap permasalahan barus dilihat dari segi dinamika keruangan, dinamika lingkungan dan dinamika kompleks wilayah.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and D among Thalassemia patients in Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Hama Salih Ahmed , Sawa Moaid Ibrahim
Published: August 2017

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with hepatitis viruses in particular making global impact on socioeconomic development and this infection remains a serious public health issue. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and D among multi-transfused risk groups in Sulaimani Governorate, 120 major thalassemic patients were tested by serological and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and Recombinant ImmunoBlot Assay (RIBA) test was done as a confirmatory test for all HCV ELISA positive patients. It was observed that the prevalence of HCV was higher (29.1%) comparing to HBV (22.5%) and HDV (3.3%). The prevalence of HCV-HBV coinfection was (5%), HCV-HBV-HDV coinfections were (0.83%). Statistical analysis showed that the age was significantly effective on the prevalence of HBV (p = 0.009), parenteral medication users showed a significant relation with HBV and HCV prevalence (p = 0.03 and 0.041) respectively. The blood transfusion frequency was significantly related to HBV and HCV prevalence (p = 0.042 and 0.035) respectively. It was noticed that vaccination significantly related to HBV prevalence among thalassemic patients (p = 0.002).
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Care Workers in Sulaimani Health Facilities in Relation to Medical Waste Management
Authors: Mohammed Sarko Masood , Othman Nasih , Hussein Ali Hattem , Rashid Kamal Jalal
Published: August 2017

Medical waste management is of crucial importance in health care facilities (HCF). In the present study, we assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical waste management in an HCF of Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we collected information on waste management practices from health care professionals (HCP) in 14 public and private hospitals and 10 primary health care centers of the city. Based on answers, total knowledge score on a 10-point scale was established. A total of 406 HCPs (of those, 261 women), average age 37.3 (SD ± 9.4) years participated. Just 20.3% have been trained on medical waste management. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 9 with a mean of 4.7 (SD ± 1.8).  Factors which were significantly associated with the better knowledge score was male gender, having a high educational degree, being trained in waste management and has been in service for more than 5 years. 68% of HCPs followed the color coding system, 91% always/frequently disposed used sharps/needles to safety boxes, 79% always or frequently recapped needles, 49% reported experiencing at least one needle prick injury during their work but only 37% of them had reported the injury to a supervisor and only 4% of those injured had filled an injury form. There is a low average level of knowledge and the unsafe risky practices are quite prevalent in HCFs. Provision of appropriate training on dealing with medical waste is essential to promote safe practices among HCFs.
MATHEMATICAL FORECASTING VALUES OF INDICATORS CHARACTERIZING SAFETY OF FUNCTIONING ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Bogomolov Aleksey Sergeevich , Filimonyuk Leonid Yurevich , Aliev Ruslan Adalatovich , Ivashchenko Vladimir Andreevich , Kushnikov Vadim Alekseevich , Rezchikov Alexander Fedorovich
Published: August 2017

This article considers a complex of mathematical models based on the system-dynamic approach that allows to analyze and forecast the main traffic indicators defined in the Russian Government regulatory document. There was developed a graph of cause-and-effect relationships of the road system functioning and, on its basis, a system of nonlinear differential equations of system dynamics. The analysis of the results of the numerical solution of the constructed system showed the adequacy of the proposed set of models and the possibility of using them for predicting the values of safety indicators of the road network for various values of external factors.
TO THE QUESTION OF CORRECT FUNCTIONABILITY OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM CONCERNING SERVICE VESSEL STEEL HULL
Authors: Archibisov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Belavina Olga , Belov Oleg , Shvetsov Vladimir
Published: August 2017

The main protection systems against corrosion of steel hull are lacquer coating and protective action (PA). The running regime control of these systems must be performed by the crew. Nevertheless, Kamchatka fleet crews don’t perform the control alluded to rated resources for lacquer coating (2 years) and for PA (2 years). It has been found that everyday control of protection system is necessary against corrosion of vessel hull if the service vessels run in coastal waters of Kamchatka during winter. The authors have proposed the means of control which effectiveness was proved on a service vessel of Kamchatka fleet. The crew and the ship-owner opportunely got information about protection system modification in state of nonoperability. This permitted organizing maintenance of vessel hull in proper time and cutting down maintenance expenses and reducing repair period by 8-10 times.
STABILITRON REPLACEMENT SCHEME WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF A SMOOTH REGULATION OF VOLTAGE STABILIZATION
Authors: Klimkin Konstantin Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2017

The article focuses on the possibility of practical application of the scheme of replacing stabilitron with smooth adjustment of the stabilization voltage and temperature correction of its parameters depending on external conditions. A typical stabilitron connection scheme does not provide for special current compensation, and, in the case of an avalanche-like increase in the stabilitron current, the temperature coefficient of the stabilization voltage (α U st) also increases. For low-power stabilitrones, it seems reasonable to compensate for the variation of their α U st by special methods. A practical scheme is proposed, with the help of which it became possible to solve the problem of stabilization of low voltages with the possibility of smoothly adjusting stabilization voltage, which can be made in the range from 1.2 to 7 V.
Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Estudios de versificación española. Instituto de Filología "Amado Alonso", Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1961; 399 PP·
Authors: Magis Carlos
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Estudios de versificación española.
Las zonas dialectales de México
Authors: Lope Blanch Juan M.
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
La aplicación de la ecología del paisaje al espacio público de las ciudades colombianas
Authors: Artunduaga Tadeo Sanabria
Published: August 2017

El espacio libre juega un papel básico como soporte de los procesos ecológicos y en la  integración armónica del suelo rural y el urbano. El reconocimiento de las funciones ambientales y territoriales del espacio público y de las áreas no urbanizadas obliga a  implementar nuevas formas de ordenar y  diseñar la ciudad, y en esa dirección, la adopción de planteamientos teóricos y  metodológicos vinculados a la Ecología del paisaje, pueden facilitar la práctica hacia ciudades más sostenibles. El presente  documento da cuenta de una experiencia  reciente de apoyo al paisajismo y al ordenamiento en el contexto colombiano: el diseño de la articulación formal y funcional de los elementos constitutivos de la estructura ecológica principal urbana en el municipio de La Calera (Cundinamarca). Este proyecto es complementado con la vinculación de la gestión pública en torno a los árboles, bajo una propuesta que armoniza el Plan Distrital de Silvicultura con los planes maestros de Bogotá
Diseño participativo en el aprendizaje inicial de la arquitectura
Authors: Moreno Plazas Jorge Ariel
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo presenta el taller de introducción al diseño arquitectónico, repensándolo como un ejercicio de aprendizaje social entre los mismos estudiantes, en el cual se tuvo interés en prevenir los riesgos de la prefiguración individual como ideología arquitectónica moderna. Si bien esta pretendía soluciones ideales, genéricas y prototípicas que sirvieran al conjunto de la población, basadas en el análisis racional de las condiciones de hábitat, su resultado fue generalmente un proyecto urbano-arquitectónico apartado de la complejidad social de su momento. Este distanciamiento entre la práctica arquitectónica y la realidad socio-cultural es causa y efecto a la vez de una formación académica en diseño con tendencia a favorecer procesos metodológicos autocráticos y resultados objetuales abstractos. En vista de esta realidad se formuló la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo plantear un ambiente de aprendizaje para el taller de introducción al diseño arquitectónico en que los estudiantes (inconscientemente) y los profesores (conscientemente) superen la inercia cultural moderna de la prefiguración?A manera de hipótesis, se planteó que el fortalecimiento de procesos de aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo inscritos dentro de los enunciados pedagógicos del constructivismo social, pueden preparar al estudiante en la práctica académica y profesional con una opción en diseño participativo. De acuerdo con los requerimientos de la asignatura, se implementó entonces un ambiente de aprendizaje para el análisis, la síntesis y articulación urbana de un proyecto arquitectónico a manera de prueba piloto. Esta fue luego validada a través de encuestas aplicadas a 20 estudiantes y entrevistas exploratorias con seis profesores de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Boyacá. Se concluyó que la prefiguración moderna como estrategia de aprendizaje no es mala en sí misma, como tampoco lo es el positivismo, su marco epistemológico. Son las condiciones de segregación social tejidas históricamente las que dificultan su complemento con la fenomenología. Esto tiende a cambiar si se implementan procesos de aprendizaje de este tipo en el taller de diseño, pues se siembra una conciencia del diseño como construcción colectiva.
Construcciones visuales e imaginarios en Tibasosa
Authors: Nieto Yulieth Guerrero
Published: August 2017

Este artículo de reflexión presenta los resultados finales de la primera fase del proyecto macro Cultura y estética popular en Boyacá, desarrollado por el grupo de investigación Xisqua. En dicha etapa se estudió el municipio de Tibasosa, por lo tanto, se presenta un análisis interpretativo de esta población desde la perspectiva de la construcción de la imagen del lugar.Para tratar el tema se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo y enfoque fenomenológico, pues en general se indagó sobre las percepciones de los habitantes de Tibasosa. En el texto se aprecian tres categorías de análisis: la primera, los imaginarios colectivos percibidos históricamente; la segunda, la realidad recibida por los habitantes, y la tercera, las expresiones físicas que manifiestan de alguna manera ideales estéticos. A partir de ellas se llega a una serie de conclusiones que permiten identificar una imagen del municipio. éste se caracteriza, por ejemplo, por el fuerte arraigo de sus habitantes con la historia y los elementos físicos y simbólicos relacionados con tradiciones que han surgido y evolucionado hasta prevalecer en el imaginario. Tales aspectos son coherentes con las percepciones que definen a Tibasosa como de género femenino y color verde. En la población los espacios más significativos son los públicos y religiosos, y la producción de la feijoa trasciende el ámbito económico para configurarse como un elemento distintivo, real y percibido de la imagen del lugar.
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in APLS (anti-phospholipid syndrome) patient on Novel Anticoagulant: a case report
Authors: Bakhsh Ebtisam A , Alkhathami Reem A , Mukaddam Shazia , Alarfaj Ohoud
Published: August 2017

Background:

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a prothrombotic state characterized by the existence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The key sequence of events is focal microthrombosis and post-infarction hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Use of anticoagulant therapy is often used as a prevention and treatment among patients.

Case presentation:

We describe a case of 40 year old female who visited Emergency Room with complain of severe right upper quadrant pain for two days associated with nausea and vomiting. Initial laboratory investigations of blood, liver, and renal functions were normal. CT scan of abdomen revealed diffused enlargement of the right adrenal gland and showed relatively less enhancement indicating hemorrhage at the right side which later developed bilateral during admission. A day after admission, platelet count was 60,000 accompanied with worsened abdominal pain lead to diagnosis of catastrophic Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APLS).

Conclusion:

APS may lead to a variety of clinical manifestations due to venous and/or arterial thrombosis, so prescribing novel anticoagulants for patients with the APS is selective, and multiple factors are needed to be considered for a successful treatment.
Hot nodule in pyramidal lobe of Thyroid gland: a case report
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Imran Muhammad Babar , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed
Published: August 2017

Background:

Pyramidal lobe is remnant of thyro-glossal duct and is seen in 15–75% of patients arising upwards from right lobe, left lobe or isthmus of thyroid gland. Hot nodule is a common thyroid pathology but hasn’t been reported in the pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland.

Case presentation:

A female patient, 20 years of age presented in outdoor department with complaint of lump in front of the neck. After clinical examination, thyroid scan was advised with other investigations. An ultrasound evaluation showed a single 26mm nodule with increased flow on color doppler in the pyramidal lobe arising from right half of isthmus. A radionuclide (99mTcO4) thyroid scan showed focal intense uptake adjacent to the medial border of right lobe of thyroid in clinically palpable nodule. Patient was euthyroid clinically and biochemically.

Conclusion:

Hot nodule in the pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland is a unique case. It has not been reported previously in literature. This will add to the list of differential diagnosis for lump in front of the neck and should always be kept in mind to avoid burden of undue investigation on patient.
Campos elétricos: uma leitura do “Poema Sujo”
Authors: Bines Rosana Kohl , Bartolo Ana
Published: August 2017

O artigo faz uma leitura do Poema Sujo a partir da conexão entre o relâmpago do poeta, que “clareia os continentes passados”, e a imagem fulgurante do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin contida na sua noção de imagem dialética. A imagem do relâmpago é recorrente no poema e se desdobra em diferentes registros: é clarão na noite escura do passado, são as lembranças (lampejos) no corpo do poeta e é também a própria manifestação do poema. O artigo se vale desta tensão de tempos heterogêneos para refletir sobre uma noção de imagem associada à dimensão do tempo.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a421
A DECLARAÇÃO INCIDENTAL DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE E A APLICAÇÃO DO ART. 10 DO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Ferreira Olavo Augusto Vianna Alves , Abrahão Eduardo Alexandre Young
Published: August 2017

O ato normativo inconstitucional é nulo. Quando é declarada a inconstitucionalidade de um ato normativo os atos revogados por aquele serão automaticamente restabelecidos, já que não revogados validamente. Essa é a essência do chamado efeito repristinatório, que não se confunde, apesar da similitude semântica, com a repristinação. O efeito repristinatório será aplicado de forma automática na declaração de inconstitucionalidade de ato normativo. Ocorre no controle de constitucionalidade em geral, resta saber se no controle difuso deverá ser adotada a cautela de ser observado o contraditório a respeito, especialmente por força dos artigos 9º e 10 do Código de Processo Civil atual.
Characterization, In Vitro Evaluation and Stability Studies of Indomethacin-Loaded Polyzwitterionic Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Andonova Velichka , Georgiev George , Dimitrova Stela , Katsarova Mariana , Kassarova Margarita
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the nature and composition of the monomer feed, added to the reaction system indomethacin/vinyl acetate/3-dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) aminopropyl sulfonate (IMC/VAc/DMAPS) and the characteristics of the obtained polymer latexes on indomethacin In-situ loading, its kinetic release properties, and drug stability. Indomethacin loaded nanoparticles were obtained by an emulsifier-free emulsion radical copolymerization of the monomers, in presence of the drug. Transmission electron microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analyses, Particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis were carried out to characterize the In-situ loaded nanocarriers. High-performance liquid chromatography and UV/VIS spectroscopic analyses were applied to determine the drug loading, In vitro release properties and stability studies of the drug used.
High yield of 90 to 96% was obtained for the tested In-situ loaded nanocarriers. They possess a spherical shape with diameter ranging from 100 to 900 nm and zeta potential from -3.25 mV to -20.3 mV. Mono-modal and bi-modal particle size distribution was observed depending on monomer feed, added to the reaction system. It also influenced the drug loading and its release characteristics. Indomethacin was released from the investigated patterns following first order release. The nature and composition of the monomer feed, added to the reaction system IMC/VAc/DMAPS are an effective factors for the control of the indomethacin loading and also affect the rate and extent of drug-releasing but do not influence the kinetic model and drug transport mechanism. Stability studies indicated the stabilizing role of the polymer carrier on the In-situ included indomethacin.
Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Montelukast Sodium
Authors: Devkota Laxman , Poudel Bhupendra , Silwal Junu
Published: August 2017

The objective of the present study is to develop chewable tablets containing different pharmaceutical compositions with simple manufacturing procedures using different excipients. Mannitols, L-HPC 11, Aspartame, Crospovidone, Crospovidone, Aerosil, and Magnesium Stearate are used as excipients for effective formulation of anti-asthmatic drug Montelukast. Montelukast is a selective, orally acting leukotriene receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Montelukast chewable tablets were prepared by Direct Compression methods using suitable excipients. The chewable tablets were better presented using artificial sweetener Aspartame as flavouring agent. A total of forteen formulations were prepared and the granules were evaluated for pre-compression parameters. The formulated tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters .The results showed that all the physical parameters were within the acceptable limits. The in vitro release study of all the formulations showed good release. The study concludes that aforementioned excipients can be used to design chewable montelukast sodium tablets.
Development and Validation of A Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Ramipril Drug Content from Formulated Dosage Form
Authors: Chandra Raju , Pant Manisha , Singh Harchan , Kumar Deepak , Sanghi Ashwani
Published: August 2017

A reliable and reproducible reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed for the
quantitative determination of Remipril drug content from marketed bulk tablets. The active ingredient of Remipril
separation achieved with C18 column using the methanol water mobile phase in the ratio of 40:60 (v/v). The active
ingredient of the drug content quantify with UV detector at 215 nm. The retention time of Remipril is 5.63 min. A good
linearity relation (R2=0.999) was obtained between drug concentration and average peak areas. The limit of detection and
limit of quantification of the instrument were calculated 0.03 and 0.09 µg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method
validation was determined 102.72% by recoveries method.
Development of An Antidiabetic Phytocomposite Loaded Phytoceutical Formulation, Its Quality Control and Pharmacokinetic Studies and Establishing In Vitro- In Vivo Correlation
Authors: Baishakhi De , Koushik Bhandari , Prakash Katakam , Shanta Adiki , Analava Mitra
Published: August 2017

This study reports the development of solid oral phytoceutical formulations with Phytocomposite (PHC), an antidiabetic
poly herbal preparation as the active core material. Spherical, monolithic PHC microspheres of size range (10 -100 µm)
were obtained with Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and angle of repose of 1.141± 0.010, 12.418±0.769 and 25.17±0.96
respectively. Encapsulation efficiency amongst different batches (F1-F5) ranged from 96.8- 100.7, with 99% release
profile up to 12h. Conventional and sustained release tablets were prepared by direct compression and compatibility
amongst polymers and the PHC checked by FTIR studies. Natural polymers viz. gum kondagogu, gum karaya, Aegle
marmelos gum were used as release retardant. Optimized batch of conventional tablets (F6) showed 99.8 % release in 35
min and optimized batch of PHC-SR tablets (F12) showed 99.9% release at 12th hr, both followed zero order kinetics and
non-Fickian diffusion. These optimized formulations were subjected to stability studies and the similarity factors (f2) of
the conventional and SR tablets were 88.75 and 66.76 respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of three formulations in
rat plasma were analyzed by PK Solver 2.0. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of three different formulations showed
Level A correlation in all cases.
Development and Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Method for The Quantification of Andrographolide In Rabbit Plasma
Authors: Y. Syukri , S. Widarno , A. Adewiyah , A. Wibowo , R. Martien , E. Lukitaningsih , E. Nugroho
Published: August 2017

In this present work, a simple, rapid and accurate HPLC-UV method has been developed for the quantification of
andrographolide in rabbit plasma. The assay was performed using an XTerra® MS C18 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 μm)
with a mobile phase of methanol and water (60:40), at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and UV detection of 229 nm. Andrographolide
was extracted from a biological sample by applying acetonitrile as a precipitating and extraction solvent. The results
showed a good linearity with r = 0.9992; the accuracy reported as % diff was found to be -6.42 – 6.55 % while the recovery
was 99.09, 98.55, and 105.14% for low, medium and high spiked plasma, respectively. The precision (reproducibility)
reached 1.08–3.20 % RSD for the sample studied. The 2.87 % relative standard deviation (RSD) value for selectivity test
indicated a good selectivity of the developed method. The developed method is simple and rapid, so that it can be applied
for the quantification andrographolide in animal models during pharmacokinetics studies.
Virgin Coconut Oil as Oil Phase in Tretinoin Nanoemulsion
Authors: M. Tristiana , . Retnowati , F. Amalia , Soeratri Widji Soeratri
Published: August 2017

This study was aimed to determine the characteristic and tretinoin release in nanoemulsion using virgin coconut oil
(VCO) as oil phase compared with emulsion. The characteristics of the tretinoin nanoemulsion (TN) were observed in
terms of droplet morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and droplet size by particle analyzer and light
microscope and the pH value by pH meter. The release rate of tretinoin in nanoemulsion and emulsion was measured by
Franz diffusion cell using cellophane membrane. Result of this research showed the droplet morphology of tretinoin
nanoemulsion and emulsion were spherical. The droplet size of tretinoin nanoemulsion (72.57 ± 18.16 nm) was smaller
than tretinoin emulsion (10.54 ± 0.61 m). The pH value of tretinoin nanoemulsion and tretinoin emulsion was 6.24 ±
0.01 and 6.21 ± 0.02. In interval times 5 – 60 minutes the tretinoin release rate (flux) in nanoemulsion was 0.158 ± 0.016
µg/cm2 /minute higher than in emulsion which was 0.048 ± 0.016 g/cm2 /minute. In interval times 60 – 180 minutes,
tretinoin release rate (flux) in nanoemulsion was 0.046 ± 0.005 g/cm2 /minute lower than in emulsion which was 0.090 ±
0.016 g/cm2 /minute. In interval times 180 – 720 minutes the tretinoin release rate (flux) in nanoemulsion was 0.025 ±
0.001 g/cm2 /minute which had no significant different compared to in emulsion which was 0.022 ± 0.002 g/cm2
/minute. The statistical analysis of the tretinoin release rate value using independent T-test result was known that there were
significant different between nanoemulsion (TN) and emulsion (TE). Conclusion: The droplet size of tretinoin
nanoemulsion was below 100 nm, pH value 6.24 ± 0.01 and the tretinoin release rate in nanoemulsion using VCO was
higher than in emulsion
Acyclovir Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Based Cream: A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: I. A. EL- Assal , . Retnowati
Published: August 2017

Objective of the present investigation was enthused by the possibility to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of
hydrophilic drug acyclovir. Also study vitro and vivo drug delivery. Methods: Drug loaded SLNs (ACV-SLNs) were
prepared by high pressure homogenization of aqueous surfactant solutions containing the drug-loaded lipids in the melted
or in the solid state with formula optimization study (Different lipid concentration, drug loaded, homogenization / stirring
speed and compritol 888ATO: drug ratio). ACV - SLN incorporated in cream base. The pH was evaluated and rheological
study. Drug release was evaluated and compared with simple cream- drug, ACV – SLN with compritol 888ATO and
marketed cream. The potential of SLN as the carrier for dermal delivery was studied. Results: Particle size analysis of
SLNs prove small, smooth, spherical shape particle ranged from 150 to 200 nm for unloaded and from 330 to 444 nm for
ACV loaded particles. The EE% for optimal formula is 72% with suitable pH for skin application. Rheological behavior is
shear thinning and thixotropic. Release study proved controlled drug release for SLNs especially in formula containing
compritol88 ATO. Stability study emphasized an insignificant change in SLNs properties over 6 month. In-vivo study
showed significantly higher accumulation of ACV in stratum corneum, dermal layer, and receptor compartment compared
with blank skin. Conclusion: AVC-loaded SLNs might be beneficial in controlling drug release, stable and improving
dermal delivery of antiviral agent(s).
In-Vitro Evaluation of Gum Extracted from Abelmoschus Aesculentes of Colon Targeted Matrix Forming Material, in Tablet Form, using
Lovastatin as Model Drug
Authors: Poulose Anupama
Published: August 2017

Matrix tablets of Lovastatin were fabricated using Ae (okra) gum and guar gum, alone or on combination with other
excipients. The tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness, weight variation, friability, swelling index
and drug content. In this study Ae(okra ) gum was extracted and purified by the researcher. In vitro release of drug was
performed in 0.1NHCl (pH 1.2) (without enzymes) for up to 2 h and the rest of dissolution in citric acid-phosphate buffer
(pH 6.0) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) up to 3 h. All the physical characteristics of the fabricated tablets were within
accepted limit. The tablets with Ae gum gave better release properties. The level of matrix affects drug release. The Ae
gum showed better sustained release properties compared to guar gum. Okra gum also served as colon targeted matrix
forming material in tablet form using Lovastatin as model drug. Chemical compounds studied In this article: Lovastatin
[PubChem CID: 53232]
Pengetahuan Ibu Berhubungan dengan Pelaksanaan Toilet Training pada Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun di PAUD Islam Cerliana Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2016
Authors: Warlenda Sherly Vermita , Sari Rini Novita
Published: August 2017

Toilet training pada anak merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol dalam melakukan buang air kecil dan buang air besar. Toilet training ini dapat berlangsung pada fase kehidupan anak yaitu umur 18 bulan-2 tahun. Dalam melakukan latihan buang air kecil dan besar pada anak membutuhkan persiapan baik secara fisik, psikologis maupun secara intelektual, melalui persiapan tersebut diharapkan anak mampu mengontrol buang air besar atau kecil secara sendiri.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 responden di PAUD Islam Cerliana. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, analisis data univariat dan bivariate.

Hasil penelitian di uji secara statistik dengan uji chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % menggunakan program komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu (p = 0,00), dan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, umur ibu, dan lingkungan dengan pelaksanaan toilet training pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di PAUD Islam Cerliana Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2016.

Diharapkan kepada ibu untuk melatih anak agar BAK dan BAB ditoilet sejak dini. Diharapkan kepada pihak sekolah khususnya para guru untuk mengajarkan toilet training sejak dini pada anak dan menghindari penggunaan diapers pada anak.
Getting Closer to the Primordial Panji? Panji Stories Carved in Stone at Ancient Javanese Majapahit Temples – and Their Impact as Cultural Heritage Today
Authors: Kieven Lydia Christine
Published: August 2017

In search of the roots of Panji, the paper raises the question to what extent the spread of the Panji theme in Southeast Asia is a manifestation of the political and cultural influence of Majapahit within the region. The East Javanese Majapahit kingdom (circa 1300 to 1500 CE) extended its power to most parts of what today is Indonesia, and to Mainland Southeast Asia, implementing specific traits of its rich culture. Did the Panji stories, being a popular literary genre of the time, make part of cultural export?The paper then focuses on the Panji theme in Majapahit Java itself, particularly in the visual presentations in narrative temple reliefs. The significance of the depictions of Panji stories at Candi Panataran (14th to 15th centuries), the State Temple of Majapahit, allows an interesting understanding of the symbolic religious meaning of Panji. The essence of this symbolism is also manifest in the mountain sanctuary Candi Kendalisodo and in the Panji sculpture from Selokelir (mid-15th century).In its final part, the paper addresses the role of the Panji theme in present-day revitalization of Javanese culture. The so-called “Panji Culture” (“Budaya Panji”) has an enormous potential of strengthening the Javanese cultural identity. Possible ways of transfer and transformation of the Panji tradition within Java and within the larger Southeast Asian region are being discussed.This paper was presented at the Seminar and Performances of a Shared Heritage: The Panji/Inao Traditions in Southeast Asia, organized by SEAMEO SPAFA on 2-6 March 2013 at the Bangkok Cha-Da Hotel and the Thailand Cultural Centre, Bangkok, Thailand. It is part of an upcoming collected edition of papers presented at the seminar.
Integrated Agent-Based Travel Behavior and Dynamic Traffic Microsimulation for Ramp-Metering Analysis
Authors: Xiong Chenfeng , Pan Yixuan , Lee Minha , Zhu Zheng , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2017

Ramp-metering control has long been an effective strategy in active traffic management and integrated corridor management and has received increased research attention in recent decades. Although most existing studies analyze ramp metering at the corridor level and in the context of traffic conditions and effects, how travelers respond to ramp-metering control often is neglected. This neglect is partially because of the lack of behavioral data. More important, a comprehensive modeling framework that models travel behavior and traffic dynamics for the evaluation of ramp-metering control is not readily available. This paper develops an integrated agent-based microsimulation to model travel behavior and traffic dynamics and applies the modeling approach to dynamic ramp-metering control. Minute-by-minute control of the ramp-metering rate not only encourages dynamic route changes but also can lead to day-to-day travel behavior adjustments because of the significant effect of ramp metering on traffic conditions in the affected freeway main line and the local area. A real-world application in Maryland demonstrates the model, showcases the behaviorally rich en route diversion and departure time responses to ramp-metering control, and assesses the corridor-level and regional traffic effects.
Optimization Method to Improve Ecodriving Acceptance and Effectiveness Based on Driver Type Classification
Authors: Wu Yiping , Zhao Xiaohua , Yao Ying , Ma Jianming , Rong Jian
Published: August 2017

Not all drivers are motivated by the same values (i.e., they may have proself [Editor’s note: The authors use the term “proself” to describe individuals who focus on their own well-being.] or prosocial [Editor’s note: The authors use the term “prosocial” to describe individuals who focus more on the well-being of others than on their own well-being.] values), and different drivers might prefer to learn in different ways (i.e., through learning or performance). To improve drivers’ acceptance of ecodriving and to enhance the effectiveness of ecodriving training, an ecodriving behavior optimization method that considers the characteristics of driver types and the effectiveness of approaches to ecodriving training was developed in this study. On the basis of the relationship between drivers’ values and goal orientations and their driving behaviors, data on in-trip driving behavior were collected, and then the drivers were classified into four types: those with proself and learning orientations, those with proself and performance orientations, those with prosocial and learning orientations, and those with prosocial and performance orientations. The effectiveness of three common ecodriving training methods (i.e., education, coaching, and feedback through smartphone applications) was then tested and compared to determine those that met the fuel consumption characteristics of the driver types. In addition, feedback corresponding to driver types was designed (e.g., how much money they saved from ecodriving and their ecodriving rankings compared with the rankings of their peers). Finally, the appropriate ecodriving training method and suitable feedback were identified for each driver type. A validation test showed that this ecodriving behavior optimization method was more effective in reducing fuel consumption than the generic ecodriving training method (by which the reductions in fuel consumption were 9.60% and 4.62%, respectively). The study results provide guidance for ecodriving applications, contributing to the improvement of vehicle fuel use efficiency.