bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor on the Natural Course of Concurrent Subsolid Nodules in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kang Noeul , Kim Ki Hwan , Jeong Byeong-Ho , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Kwon O Jung , Ahn Myung-Ju , Cho Jeonghee , Lee Ho Yun , Um Sang-Won
Published: November 2021

Purpose The role of epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in the management of persistent subsolid nodules (SSNs) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EGFR-TKIs on concurrent SSNs in patients with stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and Methods Patients who received an EGFR-TKI for at least 1 month for stage IV NSCLC and had concurrent SSN(s) that had existed for at least 3 months on chest computed tomography were included in this retrospective study. Size change of each nodule before and after EGFR-TKI therapies were evaluated using a cutoff value of 2 mm; increase (≥ 2 mm), decrease (≤ –2 mm), and no change (–2 mm < size change < +2 mm).Results A total of 77 SSNs, 51 pure ground-glass (66.2%) and 26 part-solid nodules (33.8%), were identified in 59 patients who received gefitinib (n=45) and erlotinib (n=14). Among 58 EGFR mutation analysis performed for primary lung cancer, 45 (77.6%) were EGFR mutant. The proportions of decrease group were 19.5% (15/77) on per-nodule basis and 25.4% (15/59) on per-patient basis. Four SSNs (5.2%) disappeared completely. On per-patient based multivariable analysis, EGFR exon 19 deletion positivity for primary lung cancer was associated with a decrease after initial EGFR-TKI therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 4.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 15.29; p=0.025).Conclusion Approximately 20% of the concurrent SSNs decreased after the initial EGFR-TKI therapy. EGFR exon 19 deletion positivity for primary lung cancer was significantly associated with the size change of concurrent SSNs.
Justice and just price in Francisco de Vitoria's Commentary on Summa Theologica II-II q77
Authors: Cendejas Bueno José Luis
Published: November 2021

Following Thomas Aquinas, Francisco de Vitoria's analysis of justice in exchanges takes place by commenting on the corresponding questions of the Summa Theologica. The identification of the just price with that of common estimation occurs under a sufficient concurrence of sellers and buyers. A high level of concurrence limits the ability to take advantage of the need on the other side of the market. This fact guaranties a full consent of the parties involved in trading. Under conditions of market power or when some authority fixes a legal price, just price should also be taken as a normative ideal.
Effectiveness of Using the Meeting Systems in Council Chamber
Authors: Peng Kuo-Yu , Liao Hsiu-Li
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In response to the development of electronic government (e-Government), the government and the legislative assembly have made organizational changes to serve the general public. Local councils have adopted full digital audiovisual meeting systems to address councilors’ need for political consultation services. In this study, we explore the actual use of meeting systems based on their main functions. We conducted in-depth interviews with eight councilors using questions designed according to 15 external constructs of the technology acceptance model 3 (TAM 3). The study findings indicated that for councilors who have used the system, their “behavioral intention to use” is mostly correlated with “computer self-efficacy” and “perception of external control” followed by “image.” After using the meeting system, the councilors validated the services. The findings reveal that “computer self-efficacy” and “perception of external control” are the two most important subconstructs that positively affect councilors’ use of the meeting system, followed by “perceived enjoyment” and “subjective norm.” This study provides recommendations based on the interviews on how to accommodate the new technology system, used for reference by manufacturers in marketing and enterprises when implementing the meeting system.

JEL classification numbers: C52, H11, M15.
Keywords: electronic meeting system (EMS), interactive video on demand (IVOD), technology acceptance model (TAM).
A Review of Well-Known Robust Line Search and Trust Region Numerical Optimization Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Least-Squares Problems
Authors: KISETA Jacques SABITI , AKUMOSO Roger LIENDI
Published: November 2021

The conditional, unconditional, or the exact maximum likelihood estimation and the least-squares estimation involve minimizing either the conditional or the unconditional residual sum of squares. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach and the nonlinear least squares (NLS) procedure involve an iterative search technique for obtaining global rather than local optimal estimates. Several authors have presented brief overviews of algorithms for solving NLS problems. Snezana S. Djordjevic (2019) presented a review of some unconstrained optimization methods based on the line search techniques. Mahaboob et al. (2017) proposed a different approach to estimate nonlinear regression models using numerical methods also based on the line search techniques. Mohammad, Waziri, and Santos (2019) have briefly reviewed methods for solving NLS problems, paying special attention to the structured quasi-Newton methods which are the family of the search line techniques. Ya-Xiang Yuan (2011) reviewed some recent results on numerical methods for nonlinear equations and NLS problems based on online searches and trust regions techniques, particularly on Levenberg-Marquardt type methods, quasi-Newton type methods, and trust regions algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to review some online searches and trust region's more well-known robust numerical optimization algorithms and the most used in practice for the estimation of time series models and other nonlinear regression models. The line searches algorithms considered are: Gradient algorithm, Steepest Descent (SD) algorithm, Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithm, Murray’s algorithm, Quasi-Newton (QN) algorithm, Gauss-Newton (GN) algorithm, Fletcher and Powell algorithm (FP), Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. While the only trust-region algorithm considered is the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. We also give some main advantages and disadvantages of these different algorithms.
Sumac in Food Industry: A Changing Outlook for Consumer and Producer
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Rad Aziz Homayouni , Khaleghi Mahsa ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Published: November 2021

Rhus coriaria Linn. (Anacardiacea), commonly known as sumac, grows in non-agriculturally regions and its various species may be used for medicinal purposes. This plant is grows mainly in Iran, Afghanistan and the Mediterranean bordering countries. In folk medicine, it was used for treatment of stroke chronic symptoms, diarrhea-dysentery, hemorrhoids, leucorrhea, sore throat, ophthalmic, wound healing, pain and liver disease. Also sumac has protective effect on some risk factors of atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Results have shown that sumac may be a source of hydrolysable tannin and natural antimicrobial agents making it a usable natural preservative, antioxidant and antimicrobial component in food industry. These biological properties may be attributed to the presence of individual phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds. This review presents a changing outlook for consumers and producers regarding the applications of sumac in food formulations.
Biopreservative Potential of the Spices; Piper Guineense (Uziza), Xylopia Aethiopica (Uda) and Tetrapleura Tetraptera (Oshorisho) in Fresh Fruit Juices
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, C K Anumudu , C A Okolo ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, E N Ezembu ,   Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

This study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of three spices, Piper guineense (Uziza), Xylopia aethiopica (Uda), Tetrapleura tetraptera (oshorisho) and their potential use as food biopreservatives. Essential oils of the spices seed were obtained and used in the agar-diffusion and tube dilution assays to determine their minimum inhibition (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC) against a common fruit juice spoilage organism (Bacillus cereus). MIC values of 50mg/ ml (Oshorisho) and 25mg/ml (Uziza and Uda) were obtained. Similarly, all spice extracts were bactericidal at a concentration of 100mg/ml. The spice extracts were utilized in the fortification of fresh fruit juice. Fortification of orange, pineapple and watermelon juices with extracts of the spices caused a reduction in the bacterial and fungi load of the juices over a period of 7 days in comparison to unpreserved controls. Orange juice preserved with uda had a fungal load of 1.9 x106 and bacterial load of 8.0 x106 compared to control with loads of 2.3 x107 and 1.1 x107 , respectively. Watermelon juice preserved with oshorisho had a fungal load of 1.2 x106 and bacterial load of 1.1 x107 compared to control with loads of 2.1 x107 and 8.8 x107 , respectively while pineapple juice preserved with uziza had a fungal load of 1.2 x107 and bacterial load of 1.6 x107 compared to control with loads of 2.7 x107 and 2.5 x108 , respectively. These results show that the spice extracts have potential for use as food preservatives for extending the shelf life of freshly prepared fruit juices. This is important as the demand for fresh foods free from chemical preservatives but microbiologically safe is on the increase.
Characterization and Lipolytic Activity of Bacteria Isolates from Freshwater Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, C N Opara , C K Anumudu ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

Lipases form an important group of relevant enzymes which have applications in various fields including; food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic industries. Lipases can be produced from diverse sources including microorganisms. This study evaluated the potential of bacteria isolates from fresh-water clam Mercenaria Mercenaria to produce lipolytic enzymes. Ten samples of Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) were screened for the presence of lipase producing bacteria using classical culture methods. Eleven bacteria species were obtained, of which six (Actinomyces sp., E. coli, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Clostridium sp. and Klebsiella sp.) produced lipases that had lipolytic activity in breaking down olive oil used in media supplementation. The best culture media and conditions for optimal production of lipases was studied and it was shown that supplementation of growth media with 2% dextrose at neutral pH gave the greatest yield of lipases when lipase producing isolates were grown in shake flasks. Measurement of biomass by culture and turbidimetric methods indicates that the highest cell mass was recorded by Pseudomonas sp at 7.8 x 105 CFU/ml, closely followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., at 6.2 x 105 CFU/ml and 5.3 x 105 respectively. The produced lipases were partially purified by precipitating with ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis. The total protein content of produced lipases was evaluated by the Lowry’s method, showing that estimated protein content followed the same trend as cell biomass with the highest recorded by Pseudomonas sp. at 1.53mg/ml, followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at 1.47mg/ml and 1.32mg/ml respectively. The results obtained in this study shows that isolates obtained from freshwater clam can produce potent lipases which can be employed for industrial, food and other diverse uses
Vibrio Alginolyticus in Marine Foods of Animal Origin From Establishments in the Port of Chabihau, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors:   Department of Health and Community Development. Intercultural Maya University of Quintana Roo, Highway Muna – Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Mexico, Franco-Monsreal José , Serralta-Peraza Lidia Esther del Socorro ,   Department of Microbiology. Laboratorios Micro – Clin, S.A. de C.V. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Published: November 2021

To determine if the marine foods of animal origin that are sold in establishments in the port of Chabihau, Yucatan, Mexico, represent potential risk factors for the Vibrio alginolyticus species for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, ear infection and primary septicemia. Three hundred and ninety seafood samples were studied: [298 (76.41%) raw, 8 (2.05%) marinated without heat, 77 (19.74%) partially cooked with heat and 7 (1.79%) completely cooked with heat]. For the homogenization and enrichment of the samples, as well as for the isolation and identification of the Vibrio alginolyticus species, we proceeded according to the methodology described in the eighth edition of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA). The criteria used in conducting the hypothesis tests for the difference between two percentages was based on the recommendations made by Cochran. The prevalences obtained in raw seafood, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat and completely cooked with heat were, respectively, 7.72% (23/298), 0.00% (0/8), 7.79% (6/77) and 0.00% (0/7). In 29 (7.44%) samples an equal number of strains were isolated whose biochemical characteristics corresponded to the Vibrio alginolyticus species. It is concluded that raw seafood and partially cooked seafood represent potential risk factors for the Vibrio alginolyticus species for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, ear infection and primary septicemia.
Factors of an Obesogenic Environment That Influence in Human Food Behavior
Authors:   Nutricionista, Brazil, Barbalho Luciana França Matoso
Published: November 2021

This bibliographic research sought to address environmental aspects that can influence human eating behavior. It addressed the influence of the media in the choice of food, the importance of the family as an interferer in the process of forming children’s eating habits, as well as the accessibility to foods rich in fat, sodium and sugar, which has become greater due to the growing emergence of fast food chains, making the habit of eating outside the home more constant, driving, in a way, the greater consumption of these caloric foods, which contributes to the emergence of obesity. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it is essential that interventions are carried out in this environment that can contribute to the installation and maintenance of obesity, as the environmental scenario is considered modifiable and can influence the process of building the child’s eating habits and, consequently, of the adult individual.
Study on the Effect of Jujube Powder on the Quality of Bread
Authors:   College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China, Meng Feng-Hua , Ao Chang-Wei ,   College of Foreign Languages, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
Published: November 2021

As a traditional Chinese medicine and food, jujube is rich in minerals, dietary fiber, polysaccharides, vitamins and other healthy nutrients, which are the supplemental nutrition to wheat flour. This paper studied the bread quality with jujube powder and determined the appropriate ratio of jujube powder to wheat flour. The related characteristics of bread with jujube powder were analyzed by Electronic nose (E-nose), solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), scanning electron microscope, texture analyzer, and Sensory Texture Evaluation Methodology, respectively. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the finished bread were evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of the addition of jujube powder, the specific volume, moisture content and elasticity of bread decreased gradually, while the softness and chewiness were increased progressively. The total phenol content and antioxidant activity of bread increased gradually with the adding of jujube powder content. The bread quality was the best when the addition of 4g of jujube powder/100g of wheat flour. While new volatile substances of jujube bread included hexane, 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-phyran-4-one, n-Hexadecane, and l- Caryophyllene, as well as alcohol. Microstructural analysis showed that the structure of stomata changed significantly with the adding of jujube powder. The size of stomata and density of bread are not significantly different from those of ordinary bread with less than 4% jujube powder.
Effect of Blending Ratio of Mango Juice on Physicochemical and Sensory Acceptability of Soya Yoghurt, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   South Agricultural Research Institute, Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center, P.O.box: 2228, Arbaminch, Ethiopia, Wale Wasihun
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted on effect of blending ratio of mango juice on physicochemical and sensory acceptability of soya yoghurt. To evaluate physicchemical (PH, TSS and titrateble acid) and sensory acceptability (color, taste, flavor, mouth feel and overall acceptability), four formulations of soya yoghurt samples were prepared from blending ratio of 100:0% (S1 ), 90:10% (S2 ), 80:20%(S3 ), 70:30% (S4 ) soya yoghurt and mango juice, respectively. Designs of the study were Completely Randomized for physicochemical properties and randomized complete block design for sensory acceptability with four treatments and three replications. Physicochemical properties (PH and TSS) of soya yoghurt samples had shown significant difference (p< 0.05) in mean scores, but titrateble acid of soya yoghurt samples had not shown significant difference (p<0.05) in mean scores when the amount of mango juice were increased in blending ratio. Sensory acceptability of soya yoghurt samples were increased as increase the amount of mango juice in blending ratio except color when panelists were evaluated. Soya yoghurt sample four (S4 ) had highest mean scores of sensory acceptability (flavor = 4.65, taste = 4.53, mouth feel = 4.37 and overall acceptability = 4.93) as compared to other soya yoghurt samples. Control (S1 ) soya yoghurt sample had highest mean score (4.67) of color than other soya yoghurt samples. Based on result of this study, soya yoghurt sample four (S4 =70% soya yoghurt: 30% mango juice) was recommended to increase sensory acceptability of soya yoghurt that is important for milk intolerance children. Further study will be needed on nutritional composition of soya yoghurt samples blended with mango juice.
Formulation of Extended-Release Ranolazine Tablet and Investigation Its Stability in the Accelerated Stability Condition At 40⁰C And 75 % Humidity
Authors:   Research and Development Section, Dr. Abidi Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran, Khajavi Farzad
Published: November 2021

Formulation of Ranolazine in the form of extended-release tablet in 500 mg dosage form was performed using Eudragit L100-55 as a retarding agent. Drugrelease profiles were investigated in comparison with the reference Ranexa extended-release 500 mg tablet. F2 and f1 were calculated as 64.16 and 8.53, respectively. According to Peppas equation, the release of drug is controlled by diffusion (n=0.5). The tablets were put into accelerated stability condition (40⁰C, 75% humidity) for 3 and 6 months. The dissolution release profiles and other physical and chemical characteristics of the tablets confirmed the robustness and stability of formulation in this condition.
Secular Trends of Use of Medicines with Special Reference to Antibiotics in the Southern City of India
Authors:   ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Indi, A Kiranmayee , B Vaishnavi ,   Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Monitoring the consumption profile of medicines has become one of the important tools for assessing the rationality as it depends on the various indigenous factors. ICMR-NIN monitors drug consumption at retail pharmacy outlets with an objective to document the precepts and practices exist between prescription and consumption of medicine. This facilitates to translate in developing interventions and policy strategies for promotion of rational use of drugs.
Vaccines Against Different Types of Cancer: Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Nagao Dias Aparecida Tiemi , Oliveira Melo Ellen ,   Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: November 2021

According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, cancer was considered the second leading cause of death in the world, corresponding to 9.6 million deaths. Faced with this situation, some alternatives to combat tumors in some organs were developed, such as immunotherapy involving vaccines. Among the vaccines already developed, Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) can be mentioned, that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2010 for cases of metastatic prostate cancer; prophylactic bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines to human papillomavirus; the nanoparticulate liposomal RNA vaccine, the melanoma FixVac (BNT111); peptide-based vaccines, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, and those that involve antigen-loaded dendritic cells for the treatment of colorectal cancer, as well as colorectal cancer stem cell-based vaccines and, for cases of ovarian cancer, dendritic cell vaccines. In relation to breast cancer, research is aimed at both immunotherapy with dendritic cells pulsed with tumor antigens and vaccines that have a combined therapy of dendritic cells and Natural Killer cells. In general, vaccines promote the induction of helper and cytotoxic cells to thereby eliminate tumor cells. This characteristic of using dendritic cells with tumor antigens already processed and presented on the cell surface allows the questioning about the use of the term “vaccine”, since it does not correspond to conventional vaccines. Thus, the studies carried out in this area of immunotherapy, although complex and expensive, show promise in the treatment of several types of cancer, with great possibilities of positively impacting the lives of all those who suffer from the disease.
Personality Types and L2 Reading: correlation between University Students MBTI Profiles and Reading Proficiency
Authors: Medjedel Khaoula
Published: November 2021

Personality types have a considerable impact on our understanding of the outer world, perception and energy. Personality influence on language learning and proficiency, however, is controversial. This study demonstrates the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) profiles and L2 reading proficiency of L1 Arab undergraduates. First, learners' reading proficiency levels were associated with their Introversion/Extraversion preferences. Then, function pairs of both introverts and extraverts that contributes to the highest score of L2 reading proficiency were determined. As most reading tests are based on choice, it is very logical to consider the MBTI function pairs as they represent the mental functions used for decision-making and information gathering. Fifty (50) Arab male students from the College of Business Administration (Saudi Arabia) were randomly selected. Two instruments were used to collect data; MBTI as a personality instrument, and TOEIC Bridge as a reading test. Findings showed a lack of statistically significant relationship between Introversion/Extraversion and L2 reading proficiency. Yet, Intuitive personalities (NT/NF) preferences achieved higher scores in the TOEIC Bridge compared to their counterparts of the Sensing personalities (ST/SF). Personality types have undoubted influence on our lifestyle and attitudes. Yet, considering personality as a weighty factor in language learning and proficiency is still debatable.
Issues concerning the dynamics of labor productivity at the level of the companies in Constanta County operating in the "Construction" sector before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stan Mari-Isabella
Published: November 2021

The construction industry sector plays an important role in the national and local economy, and its activities are vital for achieving the objectives of economic and social development which lead to increasing the citizens' quality of life. In the construction sector, the COVID-19 crisis has led to a reduction in site productivity, which has led to an increase in compliance costs, delayed projects and increased the exposure of construction workers to risk and infection. Given that many companies have experienced substantial declines in turnover and high turnover uncertainty during this pandemic, a continuous analysis of the economic climate, respectively of the main indicators of the companies active on the market is a very important element in terms of outlining an overall view of the current situation, as well as the trends in the construction sector. This study provides an empirical analysis as to before and after the COVID-19 pandemic level of labor productivity of economic agents operating in the construction sector in Constanta County. Starting from assessments of the average turnover and the evolution of the workforce of the companies in the construction sector located on the territory of Constanta County, the objective of the research was the dynamical analysis of the level of labor productivity and the way it was influenced by the emergence of this unexpected event. The obtained results confirmed the research hypothesis, namely that the level of labor productivity is influenced by the level of investment and it registers a moderate increase, yet on a noticeable increasing trend, the probable reason being the construction projects for public investment carried out in the area.
Interreligious dialogue and socio-religious dialogue in today's society
Authors: Petrov George Daniel , Pleșa Victor Marius
Published: November 2021

Today's society needs to organise interreligious and socio-religious dialogues in order manage to work effectively for finding a form of concord between peoples, so that no more unfortunate events such as terrorist attacks and other violent acts occur. One of the solutions is given by the interreligious dialogue carried out worldwide, a dialogue from which the participants, although having different traditions and cultures, can draw points of common interest, so that peace becomes a natural conclusion of the latter.
A Search for Identifying Aerobic Bacteria by Culture and Multiplex PCR in Market Eggs Causing Gastroenteritis and Enteric Fever in Bangladesh
Authors: Fardows Jannatul , Shamsuzzaman SM
Published: November 2021

To observe the chance of possible transmission of pathogenic bacteria from market egg to the community, potential pathogenic aerobic bacteria were detected from market eggs by culture and multiplex PCR. Egg shells and egg contents of 150 eggs collected from different markets of Dhaka city were tested. Total 145 (96.67%) egg shells yielded growth of bacteria, 23 (15.86%) of them were ESBL producers. Esch. coli was the most common (26.67%) bacteria and 7 (4.67%) were Salmonella spp. Other bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.67%), Proteus vulgaris (3.33%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), Providencia rettgeri (15.33%), Providencia alkalifaciens (1.33%), Acinetobacter baumanii (8.67%), Citrobacter freundii (10%), Enterobacter aerogenes (6.67%) Klebsiella oxytoca (4.67%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.67%). By PCR, 15 (10%) Salmonella spp. was identified from egg shells and the most common serotype was Salmonella Enteritidis (53.33%). No bacteria were detected from egg contents. Most of the bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and colistin. All Salmonella serotypes were sensitive to chloramphenicol, imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. In conclusion, it can be said that market eggs may be an important source of infection of many gram negative bacteria including Salmonella to the community.
ENERGIA SOLAR - UM ESTUDO SOBRE O FUTURO DA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA
Authors: Gomes Gélio Lucas , Ignácio Giocondo César Francisco
Published: November 2021

Atualmente, com o alerta da necessidade da diminuição de utilização de combustíveis fósseis, do crescimento populacional, do aquecimento global, uma maior preocupação com o meio ambiente e, por fim, com a alta demanda energética, vê-se necessário a pesquisa em energias que sejam totalmente e/ou parcialmente limpas e renováveis, sendo que, dentre as fontes energéticas atuais, a solar é a que se destaca, pois em uma hora o sol fornece-nos quantidade suficiente de energia para suprir o consumo mundial. Este trabalho procura estudar as principais formas atuais de captação e utilização de energia solar, as tecnologias envolvidas no processo e identificar as principais vantagens da sustentabilidade (econômica, social e ambiental) advinda da utilização de energia solar em comparação com as outras fontes de energias atualmente disponíveis. Essa pesquisa foi realizada como uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, nas bases de dados, Google Acadêmico e Web of Science. A partir desse estudo, espera-se levantar dados suficientes para a comparação entre a energia solar e as demais fontes de energia, comparando-as em termos de eficiência e sustentabilidade. É esperado que com este estudo, seja possível fazer uma observação a partir de dados, sobre o futuro da energia solar.
Kết quả bít ống động mạch đơn thuần bằng dụng cụ qua da ở trẻ sơ sinh non tháng tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Trung Vũ Quang , Điển Trần Minh , Tùng Cao Việt
Published: November 2021

Mục tiêu : Mục đích của nghiên cứu là tìm hiểu tính khả thi, an toàn và kết quả của phương pháp đóng ống động mạch bằng dụng cụ qua da ở trẻ đẻ non. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả hồi cứu bệnh nhân sơ sinh non tháng có chẩn đoán còn ống động mạch đơn thuần, đã được can thiệp bít ống động mạch bằng dụng cụ tại Trung tâm Tim mạch trẻ em Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương, từ tháng 7 năm 2017 đến tháng 12 năm 2020. Thu thập các dữ liệu về bệnh nhân, kết quả và biến chứng ngay sau can thiệp, sau 24-72 giờ và sau 03 tháng. Kết quả: Tổng số 25 bệnh nhân đủ điều kiện nghiên cứu. Tuổi và cân nặng trung bình tại thời điểm can thiệp là 22±16.8 (2-86) ngày và 1500±500 (800–2700) gram. Phần lớn ống động mạch tuýp C theo phân loại Krichenko, đường kính ống động mạch phía ĐMP là 3.1±0.7 mm, dụng cụ phù hợp là ADO-II-AS. Có 24/25 (96%) ca đóng ống động mạch thành công. Không có biến chứng nặng xảy ra trong khi can thiệp, 03 trường hợp có hẹp ĐMP trái rất nhẹ. ALĐMP trung bình giảm ngay sau can thiệp (p < 0.05), triệu chứng suy hô hấp và suy tuần hoàn cải thiện rõ sau 24-72 giờ ( p < 0.01) Kết luận: Can thiệp đóng ống động mạch qua da là lựa chọn an toàn, hiệu quả trên trẻ đẻ non.
Antropologia das mobilidades
Authors: Vidal e Souza Candice , Dumans Guedes André
Published: November 2021

A coletânea reúne 17 capítulos que se propõem a descrever e refletir sobre as formas, os significados, as experiências, as narrativas e as práticas de mobilidade em contextos os mais diversos: nas grandes metrópoles ou nas roças, nas matas ou águas, nas aldeias ou instituições modernas, nas estradas e nos caminhos, construindo ou conectando esses lugares. Em comum entre todos esses autores, existe a ideia de que as mobilidades são não apenas centrais como constitutivas dos mundos com os quais eles travaram contato em seus trabalhos de campo. Assim, partindo de preocupações e temas distintos, todos eles reconhecem que essas mobilidades são um objeto legítimo e prolífico da antropologia enquanto disciplina acadêmica. Nesse sentido, é consenso entre eles o valor da comparação e, sobretudo, do privilégio de abordagens etnográficas. Esses antropólogos buscam mostrar aqui, portanto, como os deslocamentos espaciais e os movimentos possuem um lugar central na vida de seus interlocutores e no modo como essas pessoas concebem e expressam tais mobilidades. O leitor acompanhará pesquisadores atentos a registrar práticas associadas ao movimento, às eventuais fricções que se apresentam aos deslocamentos, aos diversos tipos de ancoradouros presentes na circulação de sujeitos enlaçados a coletivos diversos, espalhados por múltiplos lugares aqui no Brasil e em outras terras.
Periferias “móveis”: seguindo experiências de realizadores (áudio)visuais nas margens da metrópole
Authors: Aderaldo Guilhermo
Published: November 2021

No capítulo, parto da experiência acumulada ao longo de mais de dez anos acompanhando etnograficamente um conjunto diversificado de ações e mobilizações protagonizadas por uma geração contemporânea de realizadores(as) audiovisuais “periféricos(as)”, com vistas a demonstrar como esses sujeitos tem se valido do uso tático de dispositivos digitais – câmeras, projetores, gravadores, microfones e até drones – para desenvolverem e fazerem circular um conjunto renovado de saberes sobre as desigualdades socioespaciais urbanas. Argumento que tais in-terlocutores(as) tem concentrado esforços na tentativa de converter a “periferia”, para além de um demarcador geográfico rígido, numa posição epistêmica ou numa perspectiva contra-hegemônica, responsável por tornar visível um amplo e complexo conjunto de processos socioespaciais que costuma ser ocultado pelas tipologias binárias fixas, no tocante ao entendimento da paisagem se-gregada de São Paulo.
Design Choices and Urban Forest Characteristics in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S. Parking Lots
Authors: Keto Evan , McHale Melissa , Hess George , Bullock Bronson , Blank Gary
Published: November 2021

Trees provide important environmental, economic, and social benefits that can help to offset the negative effects of parking lots. Many cities recognize that adding space for trees in parking lots is beneficial and have created regulations that dictate minimum requirements for tree planting. However, it is not clear if tree plantings in parking lots achieve the urban tree canopy goals initially imagined by these communities. The study authors sampled parking lot trees in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S., to determine how species composition and urban forest structure vary with respect to parking lot size, shape, and design. Using a two-stage cluster sampling scheme, Raleigh’s parking lots were found to contain 44,000 ± 24,000 trees (95% confidence interval). No differences in tree compos tion were explained by the size or shape of the parking lots. Planting spaces within the parking lot that were preserved during construction were found to have more trees, canopy, and basal area per hectare than designed planting spaces in which the number, spacing, and species of trees were prescribed. Among designed planting spaces, large, linear rows had greater canopy and basal area per tree but fewer trees per hectare than smaller, circular islands. These results suggest that decisions made during the design process may have lasting effects on the structure and function of this portion of the urban forest.
Response of Eight Maple Cultivars (Acer spp.) to Soil Compaction and Effects of Two Rates of Pre-plant Nitrogen on Tree Establishment and Aboveground Growth
Authors: Fair Barbara , Metzger James , Vent James
Published: November 2021

This study assessed soil compaction effects on aboveground growth of maple cultivars, and compared two nitrogen rates applied pre-planting for their influence on establishment and growth of trees planted into compacted soils. Eight commonly used maple cultivars of Acer rubrum and Acer × freemanii were evaluated. During container production, plants received either 25 or 100 mg·L-1 nitrogen through fertigation twice per day. Trees were planted into non-compacted field plots with a mean bulk density of 1.40 g·cm-3, or into compacted plots with a mean bulk density of 1.60 g·cm-3. In 2002, researchers randomly selected half of the compacted plots and applied an additional soil treatment. At the completion of this treatment, mean bulk density was 1.55 g·cm-3. Trees growing in higher density soils had significantly smaller aboveground biomass measures (P < 0.05), than those growing in non-compacted plots. There was a significant difference between cultivars (P < 0.0001); for example, ‘Celzam’ and ‘Fairview Flame’ had greater aboveground biomass values than other cultivars when grown in compacted soils, but compaction still affected growth. The 100 mg·L-1 nitrogen rate increased leaf dry weight and area, but did not impact height and caliper growth or stem dry weight.
Control of Apple Scab and Cytospora Canker with Paclobutrazol
Authors: Watson Gary , Jacobs Karel
Published: November 2021

Forty Malus ‘Radiant’ crabapples, a variety known to be highly susceptible to apple scab disease, were field-planted then treated three months later with paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a basal drench, at rates of 0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 g a.i./cm caliper. Apple scab was significantly reduced for two years post treatment by all rates of PBZ applied. However, significant growth regulation occurred through the third and final year of the study. Thirty Picea pungens (Colorado spruce) trees in containers were treated with PBZ, applied as a basal drench, at rates of 0, 1.6, and 3.2 g a.i./cm caliper. Cytospora canker development from subsequent branch inoculations was significantly reduced by both PBZ treatment rates and persisted through the end of the two year monitoring period. Cytospora canker disease control with only moderate growth regulation indicates that a PBZ basal drench could be developed into a viable landscape treatment.
To Treat or Remove: An Economic Model to Assist in Deciding the Fate of Ash Trees Threatened by Emerald Ash Borer
Authors: McKenney Daniel , Pedlar John
Published: November 2021

A model is presented to assist in deciding the fate of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) threatened by the arrival of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) in North America. The model tracks ongoing treatment costs versus one-time costs associated with removal and replacement. All future values are discounted following standard economic practice. For each year over a period of interest, the net treatment gain/loss is calculated, indicating the period of time over which a homeowner would be financially ahead/behind by treating the existing ash tree. The model was populated, with values that may be expected in Canadian conditions, where treatment options are more limited than in the United States. Optional model features include property value premiums, energy savings, runoff and pollution benefits, and ongoing maintenance costs. When these extended benefits and costs are included, positive treatment gains for a medium-sized ash persist for about 17 years. Negative values can be interpreted as a “break-even existence value,” an amount a homeowner would be required to pay in order to protect their ash if various other benefit flows fail to compensate the costs. An interactive version of the model is available online (http://gmaps.nrcan.gc.ca/apm/index.php).
Selection Approach of Urban Trees for Inner-city Environments: Learning from Nature
Authors: Sjöman Henrik , Gunnarsson Allan , Pauleit Stephan , Bothmer Roland
Published: November 2021

High diversity of species and genera and site adaptation are two important factors in achieving a healthy and sustainable urban tree population. This paper presents and discusses a selection procedure for the identification of trees adapted to inner city environments. The procedure is based on dendroecological studies of trees in natural habitats, with similarities in climate and site conditions as inner city environments. By studying trees in such habitats, firsthand information can be gained on the growth and performance of a wide range of species and genotypes. Two field studies were conducted, one in central China and another in northeast Romania and the adjoining Republic of Moldavia with the aim to identify tree species and genotypes adapted to inner city environments in the northern parts of central Europe and the adjoining milder parts of northern Europe. In total, 27 tree species were identified as specialists for warm and periodically dry habitats. Of these tree species, only four are currently used frequently or used to some extent in northern Europe, meaning that 23 other tree species identified in the case studies can be potential supplements for diversification of the urban tree population.
The Effect of Activity-Based Algorithm Training on Problem- Solving Skills of 5-6 Year Old Children
Authors: KÜÇÜKKARA Muhammed Fatih , AKSÜT Pelin
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of activity-based algorithm training on problem solving skills of 5-6 year old children. Two classes in Bağışçılar Foundation Kindergarden in the city center of Bolu Province, Turkey with children of the same age group and at similar developmental stages were determined in order to determine the study group. One class was assigned as the experimental group (16 children) and the other group was assigned as the control group (13 children). Personal Information Form prepared by the researcher and the Problem Solving Skills Scale (PSSS) for 5-6 year preschoolers developed by Oğuz and Köksal Akyol (2015) were used as data collection tools in the study. The experimental group was taught based on the activity-based algorithm training practices prepared by the researcher as well as the daily plan practices of MoNE for 3 days a week, 24 activities for 8 weeks. The findings of the study showed that pre-test and post-test scores of the children in the experimental group were examined, a significant difference was obtained. Thus, it was revealed that activity-based algorithm training practices support problem solving skills of children.
O que Resta do Internamento: Loucura, Exclusão e Biopolítica em Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Demetri Felipe Dutra , Filgueiras Toneli Maria Juracy
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste texto é problematizar o lugar destacado que o campo de concentração ocupa no pensamento do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, especificamente nas primeiras obras da série Homo Sacer. Nesse sentido, retorna-se ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, nomeadamente em História da Loucura, identificando o Hospital Geral e o grande internamento à luz das noções de biopoder e poder soberano. Também analisamos como Agamben utiliza tais conceitos, questionando o espaço problemático que o filósofo italiano concede aos doentes mentais em O poder soberano e a vida nua, e as consequências de tal opção no restante do seu pensamento. Esperamos demonstrar que uma teoria sobre o biopoder e a tanatopolítica deve ter um escopo mais amplo, a fim de não omitir outras experiências do arbítrio.
Environmental Change and Health Risks
Authors: Ajiang Chen
Published: November 2021

Cause of death data show that Lianshui County has a high incidence of
oesophagus cancer. This chapter considers health risks in the county from
the perspective of environmental history. After the Yellow River became
blocked and took over the course of the Huai River, it caused Lianshui to
suffer an 800-year period of floods, waterlogging and attendant disasters.
This brought prolonged poverty and water-related health risks. The later
conversion of dry fields to rice paddy brought further changes in the water
environment of Lianshui’s villages, connecting drinking water sources to
the agricultural irrigation system, and causing new health risks. However,
as the economic circumstances of the village improved, so did the drinking
water supply, and water-related health risks then declined.
Behind the ‘High Incidence of Lung Cancer’
Authors: Qi Li , Ajiang Chen
Published: November 2021

After 2008, a movement opposing waste incinerators swept across many
cities in China. At the time, there was already a conflictual relationship
between L waste incinerator in Guangdong and surrounding residents,
but the ‘Panyu incident’ caused what was originally a small local conflict
to become an issue of wider and even national concern. The list of ‘cancer
victims’ that circulated on the internet, and related media reports, gradually
convinced the public that the waste incinerator plant was responsible
for high rates of lung cancer among residents. However, our investigations
found that there were numerous errors in the information about the
incidence of lung cancer. The chapter discusses what we discovered about
the complex background to this case, and the reasons why rumours and
misinformation spread so easily at this time.
Villagers’ Perceptions of and Responses to the Relationship between Cancer and Pollution
Authors: Ajiang Chen , Pengli Cheng
Published: November 2021

It is difficult for medical science to establish a clear relationship between
cancer and pollution at the village level due to the small population size
and the multi-causality of many cancers. But ‘cancer villages’ nonetheless
exist as a social fact and they continue to affect the lives of villagers.
In the face of health risks, and uncertainty about them, villagers try to
avoid pollution by getting polluting industries to shut down or relocate,
moving away themselves, and changing their water sources and diet.
Economic circumstances affect the degree to which they can deploy
these various strategies. Their responses are also shaped by the inherited
social structure, including the power of the village clan, local ‘gentry’,
and the work unit.
Bodies at Work
Authors: Spitzer Denise L.
Published: November 2021

Migrant beer sellers in Bangkok, Phnom Penh, and Vientiane engage in
multiple contestations over bodily inscriptions, mobilizations, subjectivities,
boundaries, and agency. Their bodies are subject to and shaped
by the male gaze of recruitment agents, employers, and customers
who can influence beer sellers’ incomes through the power they have
to hire and place migrant workers in more or less popular venues, to
control their movements and interactions with clients, and, to offer
the prospects of patronage. Male customers often challenge bodily
boundaries and integrity through unwanted touching, coercive sexual
encounters, and encouraged co-drinking while, outside work, their
social presentation is often judged as scandalous. These interactions
work to shape and to reinforce the hegemonic gendered, racialized,
and classed social order.
The Day Off Policy , ‘Reverse Domestication’, and Emotional Labour among Indonesian Domestic Workers in Singapore
Authors: Platt Maria , Yeoh Brenda S.A. , Choon Yen Khoo , Baey Grace , Lam Theodora
Published: November 2021

This chapter reflects upon Singapore’s ‘Day Off’ for domestic workers and
how it has disrupted long-held notions of how and when domestic workers
should undertake their emotional labour in the households in which they
work. Specifically, this chapter examines how domestic workers negotiate
the legal possibility of a weekly day off within domestic workplaces
underpinned by a high degree of emotional labour. We show how the ‘Day
Off’ brings with it the threat of ‘out of place’ bodies, while also speaking
more broadly to the pre-existing inequality that exists between employers
and employees in Singapore’s domestic worker landscape.
Proper Conjugation of Bodies
Authors: Gamburd Michele Ruth
Published: November 2021

Physical and symbolic aspects of bodies limit the migration trajectories
of female domestic workers from a Buddhist community in coastal Sri
Lanka. Government regulations and family decisions regarding women’s
overseas labour draw upon and in turn influence discourses about gender,
sexuality, age, health, and class. This ethnographic analysis illustrates that
local norms task women with nurturing the brains of babies, preserving
the chastity of teenage daughters, caring for frail elders, and preventing
their working-class husbands from overindulging in liquor or having sex
with other women. Successful social reproduction depends on the proper
conjunctions of bodies in the extended family. Corporeal and symbolic
dangers imagined to arise from women’s absence fuel a national-level
moral panic about female migration.