bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of children's rights in Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey
Authors: Omarova A. A.
Published: December 2021

One of the most pressing issues in the world today is the protection of children's rights. A major event in this area was the adoption of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. At the time of the development and adoption of the Convention, Ukraine and Azerbaijan were part of the USSR. However, the Ukrainian SSR, unlike the Azerbaijani SSR, was the primary founding member of the United Nations and therefore participated in the development and adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, like Turkey, whose observers also participated in this process. This article examines the participation of Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey in the development and adoption of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, the adoption and ratification of the Convention is only the first step in the realization of children's rights at the national level. The national special laws of Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey in the field of protection of children's rights are also studied. This article concludes on the different direction of the special laws of these countries. Moreover, there are some differences in the content of the laws, namely some of them includes not only rights, but also the duties of the child. The state of protection of children's rights in Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey is a priority and urgent issue in the state policy of these countries and needs to be improved. The conclusions provide recommendations for improving the legislation of these countries.
International legal and methodological support of road traffic safety: concepts and essential features
Authors: Kolodyazhny M. G.
Published: December 2021

The article aims to learn about international legal and international methodological support of road traffic safety and transport operation. A number of statistical indicators, which testify to the catastrophic state of road traffic safety both in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular, are presented. The development of the definition of this concept is proposed to carry out in the classical way: by highlighting its corresponding essential features. These include: object, subject, system and purpose. The object is the sphere of road traffic of the motor transport specifically. The subjects are the international institutions (UN, WHO, World Bank, etc.) and international public associations. The system of such support is classified into eight main groups according to the sphere of regulation of the relevant legal relations within the general sector of road traffic safety. In turn, the international methodological support in this sphere is classified into seven types according to its focus. The main international conventions, resolutions and other decisions, first of all, the UN’s ones, and the international agreements forming the system of the international legal support of road traffic safety are presented. The purpose of this support is to increase road traffic safety around the world. Hence, the international legal and methodological support for road traffic safety is a set of regulations of an international nature, information materials issued with the participation of official institutions with international status, as well as international public associations aimed at ensuring traffic safety, reducing mortality and road traffic injuries in different countries of the world.
Problems of the environmental law of the European Union
Authors: Pankov Yevhenii , Filipshykh Olha , Boichuk Dmytro
Published: December 2021

The problem of ecology is one of the most common problems of the twenty-first century. No country is immune: no country has better military equipment, no country with low inflation, no country with “perfect” legislation.
The purpose of the article was to clarify legislative issues: European Union legislation was outdated, general and lacking in specificity. To address these problems, this article uses different approaches to the definition of environmental security, which makes it necessary to change the concept and the actions within which the definition is adopted.
The article goes on to discuss the position of realists who argue that environmental security cannot be set because of lack of accountability “the importance” of the issue of “high” issues. Thus, the paper refers to the emergence of environmental security and its long path. This article contains the following changes and provisions: Brundtland Committee (1987), Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Habitats in Europe (1979), International Tropical Timber Agreement (1983) as well as the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (1979), the Maastricht Treaty (1992), the Hazardous Substances Directives, the impact of EU measures on the environment and the Animal Protection Directive.
In addition, the article exposes Programs designed to ensure and regulate environmental safety. The report of the European Environment Agency was also reviewed and a comparative analysis of the data contained in the report and the British Broadcasting Corporation estimates was made.
The authors draw attention to several directives, calling them “triumvirate”, which provide the basis for countries to regulate some environmental legislation.
Almost in the end of the paper the authors pay attention to the phenomenon of environmental ethics, which is a consequence of imperfect legislation.
In its conclusion, the article states that the problems that arise from the lack of accountability of legal acts of a real environmental situation occur in the member states, taking into account the special case of the European Union.
Screening for nonstationary analysis
Authors: Kirshen Paul H.
Published: December 2021

Adjustments in the designs of water resources systems due to climate change and other nonstationarities are warranted because the benefits of effective adaptation are well recognized. Therefore, the time and resources invested in these analyses are well worth the effort. Before a major investment in an effort is made, however, it is reasonable to determine if the problem is of sufficient complexity or the value of additional information is high enough to warrant the inclusion of complex, sophisticated methods that explicitly include nonstationarity and associated decision-making under deep uncertainty. There exist several planning level conditions such as the lifetime of the project, its criticality, and its reversibility that may indicate detailed analysis is not needed. There are also sequential analysis and screening steps that can be applied to determine the complexity of the methodology needed. Finally, the use of decision analysis can also help determine if additional, detailed analysis, or data collection are necessary. The use of one or several of these methods should be considered as initial steps before undertaking a vulnerability assessment and developing an adaptation strategy for a water resources system.
Incorporating decadal climate variability information in the operation and design of water infrastructure
Authors: Rolf Olsen J. , Mehta Vikram M. , Hill Harvey
Published: December 2021

The high thermal and mechanical inertia of the oceans results in slow changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Changes in SSTs, in turn, can impact atmospheric circulation including water vapor transport, precipitation, and temperatures throughout the world. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the tropical Atlantic SST gradient variability, and the West Pacific Warm Pool are patterns of natural climate variability that tend to persist over decadal time periods. There are current efforts to produce decadal climate predictions, but there is limited understanding if this information can be used in water resources management. Understanding the current state of decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena and the probability of persisting in that state may be useful information for water managers. This information could improve forecasts that aid operations and short-term planning for reservoir management, domestic and industrial water supplies, flood risk management, energy production, recreation, inland navigation, and irrigation. If conditions indicate a higher likelihood of drought, reservoir managers could reduce flood storage space and increase storage for conservation purposes. Improved forecasts for irrigation could result in greater efficiencies by shifting crops and rotational crop patterns. The potential benefits of using a forecast must be balanced against the risk of damages if the forecast is wrong. Seasonal forecasts using DCV information could also be used to inform drought triggers. If DCV indices indicate that the climate has a higher probability of dry conditions, drought contingency plans could be triggered earlier. Understanding of DCV phenomena could also improve long-range water resources planning. DCV can manifest itself in relatively short-term hydrologic records as linear trends that complicate hydrologic frequency analysis, which has traditionally assumed that hydrologic records are stationary.
A Universidade de Évora e a psicogênese da sociedade portuguesa em tempos de reforma católica
Authors: Bogo Bortolossi Cíntia Mara , Costa Célio Juvenal
Published: December 2021

A Universidade de Évora no século XVI, instituição superior administrada pela Companhia de Jesus em Portugal, desempenhou, por meio da Teologia Moral, o papel de formação da psicogênese da sociedade portuguesa, em tempos de reforma católica. O curso de Teologia Moral existente em Évora, também chamado de Casos de Consciência, era destinado à formação do clero diocesano e, portanto, destinado à preparação de religiosos que iriam trabalhar nas paróquias junto aos seus fiéis. A função do pároco, após Concílio de Trento (1545 – 1563), passou a ser visualizada como essencial para os objetivos relacionados à reforma da religião católica. Por conseguinte, as mudanças de uma sociedade são acompanhadas pela mudança de comportamento dos integrantes de sua figuração social. Todo trabalho de formação existente em Évora, especialmente por meio da Teologia Moral ou Casos de Consciência, objetivava a formação de religiosos próximos aos seus fiéis e conhecedores das regras morais da Igreja para a devida orientação de seus seguidores.
Travel Mode Choice Modeling: Predictive Efficacy between Machine Learning Models and Discrete Choice Model
Authors: Ali Nur Fahriza Mohd. , Sadullah Ahmad Farhan Mohd. , Majeed Anwar PP Abdul , Razman Mohd Azraai Mohd. , Zakaria Muhammad Aizzat , Nasir Ahmad Fakhri Ab.
Published: December 2021

Background:

A complex travel behaviour among users is intertwined with many factors. Traditionally, the exploration in travel mode choice modeling has been dominated by the Discrete Choice model, nonetheless, owing to the advancement in computational techniques, machine learning has gained traction in understanding travel behavior.

Aim:

This study aims at predicting users’ travel model choice by means of machine learning models against a conventional Discrete Choice Model, i.e., Binary Logistic Regression.

Objective:

To investigate the comparison between machine learning models, namely Neural Network, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine against the Discrete Choice Model (Binary Logistic Regression) in the prediction of travel mode choice amongst Kuantan City.

Methodology:

The dataset was collected in Kuantan City, Malaysia, through the Revealed/Stated Preferences (RP/SP) Survey. The data collected was split into a ratio of 80:20 for training and testing before evaluating them between the aforesaid models. The hyperparameters of the models were set to default. The performance of the models is evaluated based on classification accuracy.

Results:

It was shown in the present study that the Neural Network Model is able to attain a higher prediction accuracy as compared to Binary Logistic Regression (Discrete Choice Model) in classifying mode choice of Kuantan users either to choose public transport or private vehicles as daily transportation. Feature importance technique is crucial for identifying the significant features in modelling travel mode choice. It is demonstrated that the Neural Network Model can yield exceptional classification of mode choice up to 73.4% and 72.4% of training and testing data, respectively, by considering the features identified via the feature importance technique, suggesting the viability of the proposed technique in supporting an informed decision.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the strengths and limitations of the Machine Learning Technique as well as the Discrete Choice Model in modeling travel mode choice. It was shown that Machine Learning models have the capability to provide better prediction that could assist the urban transportation planning among policymakers. Meanwhile, it could be also demonstrated that the Discrete Choice Model (Binary Logistic Regression) is helpful in getting a better understanding in expressing the inference relationship between variables for improvising the future transportation system.
Electromechanical Surfacing Technique
Authors: Gerasimova A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The paper considers an electromechanical surfacing technique of parts’ work surfaces. It was found out that depending on strain temperature, rate and degree there were special type structures formed on a surface layer with a phase change (a bright layer), i.e. a hot deformed structure with and without recrystallization and a cold deformed structure. Depending on the original structure and hardening conditions, during surfacing of parts a thickness of this area may achieve 0.3 mm max. Impact of steel electromechanical treatment on the structure and the surface layer was found out. Depending on properties of surfaces being treated it is possible to use plate-like and roller-type tools for electromechanical hardening. It was shown that roller- type tools possessed enhanced durability and enlarged areas of surfaces being treated, though ensured poorer finish of surfaces being treated.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Alloyed Fused Alumina
Authors: Bagaiskov Y.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Heat treatment of ceramic-bond grinding tools during manufacture takes place at temperature of abrasive grains up to 1250 °C, which results in variation of their phase composition, structure, and strength. Similar phenomena may take place during grinding caused by the occurring high-temperature processes. It primarily pertains to alloyed fused alumina. X-ray and topography testing, as well as studying of micromechanical properties made it clear that structural performance, material strength, and fracture pattern of single grains of Ti-containing fused alumina affected by temperature depend on the type and ratio of alloy additives in alumina and on the decomposition level of the Ti2O3 solid solution. In terms of aggregate properties, purple varieties of Cr-Ti fused alumina featuring the minimum TiO2/Cr2O3 ratio of 1.5 in the solid solution after heat treatment are preferable.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Embrittlement of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steel during Long-Term High-Temperature Holding
Authors: Okhapkin K.A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This article describes a model of structural changes in austenitic chromium-nickel steel during long-term thermal soakings. The time for reaching equilibrium content of Cr23C6 carbide at a temperature of 600 °C is calculated. The calculation results are compared with experimental data on the kinetics of thermal embrittlement of steel at a temperature of 600 °C after thermal holding for up to 15000 hours.
Investigation of the Orientational Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Extrusion Films Based on Polyolefins and Beet Pulp
Authors: Kuzmin A.M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article discusses the possibility of obtaining biodegradable films based on polyolefins and beet pulp by the extrusion method. Biodegradable composites of two mixes with 15% and 25% beet pulp content have been obtained. Compounding was carried out on a twin-screw extruder, and then samples of biodegradable films were obtained by cast film extrusion. The influence of the vegetable filler particles’ orientation on the composites mechanical properties has been studied. It has been shown that composites mechanical properties significantly increase in the direction of polymer melt stretching.
Injection Molding Technology
Authors: Kurasov D.A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The injection molding process is one of the most efficient and economical casting processes. The process is becoming increasingly common in various industries in large-scale and mass production of castings. It should be noted that by having great advantages over other methods of obtaining high-quality castings of higher accuracy, injection molding makes it possible to bring the dimensions of the castings as close as possible to the dimensions of the finished parts.
Impact of Machining and Phase Composition Change of Titanium Alloyed with Molybdenum
Authors: Kodess B.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The titanium samples alloyed with molybdenum and aluminum are used to conduct full high-precision X-ray experiments enabling to determine the characteristic of the atomic interrelations - the unit cell dimension, and to establish the phase components of the doped single crystal. An orthorhombic phase is found, the volume of which increases after the deformation impact.
Testing and Diagnostics of Carbon Polymer Composite Materials by Radio Wave Method Used in Aircraft Construction
Authors: Dmitrienko G.V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article is devoted to the applicability of radio wave methods of testing and diagnostics of aviation composites for newly launched products. The description of the measurement process is also considered by the method of integral equations.
Негейзенберговский ферримагентик с одноионной анизотропией
Authors: Космачев О.А. , Ярыгина Е.А. , Матюнина Я.Ю. , Фридман Ю.А.
Published: December 2021

We have investigated the effect of single-ion anisotropy of the "easy plane" type on the phase states of a ferrimagnet with S = 1 and σ=1/2 sublattices and non-Heisenberg (bilinear and biquadratic in spins) exchange interaction for the sublattice with S = 1. It is shown that taking into account both the non-Heisenberg exchange interaction and the single-ion anisotropy of the sublattice with S = 1 leads to the realization of a phase with vector order parameters (ferrimagnetic phase) and a phase characterized by both vector and tensor order parameters (quadrupole-ferrimagnetic). It is shown that taking into account single-ion anisotropy changes the type of phase transition in comparison with an isotropic non-Heisenberg ferrimagnet. A phase diagram is constructed, and the condition for the compensation of the sublattice spins is determined.
Зависимость энергии эмиссионных молекулярных орбиталей в коротких открытых углеродных нанотрубках от электрического поля
Authors: Томилин О.Б. , Родионова Е.В. , Родин Е.А. , Поклонский Н.А. , Аникеев И.И. , Раткевич С.В.
Published: December 2021

На примерах коротких открытых углеродных нанотрубок типа armchair (n,n), для n=3, 4, и zigzag (n,0), для n=5, 6, 7, изучено влияние величины и направления вектора напряженности внешнего постоянного электрического поля на их автоэмиссионные свойства. Показано, что отклонение вектора напряженности поля от оси нанотрубки приводит к увеличению напряженности поля для генерации автоэмиссии электронов. Образующиеся в результате нового типа сопряжения p-электронов в цилиндрических сопряженных системах эмиссионные орбитали в углеродных нанотрубках (n,n) более чувствительны к изменению направления вектора напряженности электрического поля по сравнению с эмиссионными орбиталями в нанотрубках (n,0). При отклонении вектора напряженности электрического поля от оси нанотрубки эмиссионные орбитали углеродных нанотрубок изменяются тем меньше, чем больше диаметр нанотрубки. Ключевые слова: короткие открытые углеродные нанотрубки, автоэлектронная эмиссия, сопряжение p-электронов, эмиссионная молекулярная орбиталь.
ELEKTRİKLİ TAŞITLARIN DAĞITILMIŞ ÜRETİM TABANLI ŞEBEKELER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN ANALİZİ VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: GÜLKAYA Baran , ATEŞ Yavuz
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda, menzil ve şarj süresinde gözlemlenen olumlu geri dönüşler, elektrikli taşıtlara olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı; artan bu ilginin, elektrik şebekeleri üzerindeki etkisinin gözlemlenmesi ve karşılaşılabilecek olası sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinin sunulmasıdır. Bu amaçla; modelleme için, MATLAB ortamı seçilmiş, bir yıllık zaman periyodu esas alınmış ve Sancaktepe ilçesinde (Sancaktepe, İstanbul) yer alan şebeke bölgesi modellenmiştir. Modellemeyle uyumlu olarak MATLAB ortamında kurgulanan kod aracılığıyla, farklı koşullar altında, şebeke ve transformatör davranışları gözlemlenmiştir. Gözlemler doğrultusunda elektrikli taşıtların dağıtım şebekeleri üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkilerine yönelik çözüm teklifleri sunulmuştur. Çalışmamız şebeke kararlılığının sağlanmasında, üretim ve tüketim bazlı çözümleri bir araya getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, ‘yük öteleme metodunun’ uygulanmasının ve ‘yenilenebilir kaynaklı dağıtılmış güç üretimi sistemlerinin’ şebekeye entegrasyonunun değişen koşullarda vereceği tepki incelenmiştir.
ÇOK AMAÇLI MÜHENDİSLİK TASARIMI VE KISITLI PROBLEMLER İÇİN HİBRİT BİRÇOK AMAÇLI OPTİMİZASYON ALGORİTMASI
Authors: KARAKOYUN Murat , KODAZ Halife
Published: December 2021

Gerçek dünya problemlerine bakıldığında çoğunun birden fazla hedefi gerçekleştirmeye yönelik olduğu görülmektedir. Bu problemlerin çözümü için kullanılan birçok klasik yöntem mevcuttur. Klasik yöntemlerin çözüm geliştirme noktasında farklı sebeplerden dolayı eksik kalması araştırmacıları farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Genellikle doğada sürü halinde yaşayan hayvanların veya farklı yaşam alanlarına sahip bitkilerin davranışlarından esinlenilerek geliştirilen doğa esinli algoritmalar bu yaklaşımlardan bir tanesi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, tek amaçlı problemlerin çözümü için geliştirilmiş olan kurbağa sıçrama (SFLA) ve gri kurt optimizasyonu (GWO) algoritmaları hibrit bir şekilde kullanılarak çok amaçlı optimizasyon problemlerine uygulanmıştır. Önerilen algoritma bazı çok amaçlı mühendislik tasarımı ve çok amaçlı kısıtlı problemlerin üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Önerilen algoritmanın performansı NSGA-II, IBEA, MOCell ve PAES algoritmalarının performansı ile kıyaslanmıştır. Performans karşılaştırma metriği olarak HV, IGD, Spread ve Epsilon metrikleri kullanılmıştır. Performans analizi; elde edilen ortalama sonuçlar, Friedman sıralama testi ve Wilcoxon anlamlılık testi ile yapılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, önerilen algoritmanın diğer algoritmalardan daha başarılı sonuçlar ürettiğini göstermiştir.
Recruitment and Retention of Parents of Adolescents in a Text Messaging Trial (MyTeen): Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chu Joanna Ting Wai , Wadham Angela , Jiang Yannan , Stasiak Karolina , Shepherd Matthew , Bullen Christopher
Published: December 2021

Background

Parenting programs are well established as an effective strategy for enhancing both parenting skills and the well-being of the child. However, recruitment for family programs in clinical and nonclinical settings remains low.

Objective

This study aims to describe the recruitment and retention methods used in a text messaging program (MyTeen) trial for parents of adolescents (10-15 years) and identify key lessons learned. We aim to provide insights and direction for researchers who seek to recruit parents and build on the limited literature on recruitment and retention strategies for parenting program trials.

Methods

A recruitment plan was developed, monitored, and modified as needed throughout the course of the project. Strategies to facilitate recruitment were identified (eg, program content and recruitment material, staff characteristics, and study procedures). Traditional and web-based recruitment strategies were used.

Results

Over a 5-month period, 319 parents or caregivers expressed interest in our study, of which 221 agreed to participate in the study, exceeding our recruitment target of 214 participants. Attrition was low at the 1-month (4.5% overall; intervention group: n=5, 4.6%; control group: n=5, 4.5%) and 3-month follow-ups (9% overall; intervention group: n=10, 9.2%; control group: n=10, 8.9%).

Conclusions

The use of web-based recruitment strategies appeared to be most effective for recruiting and retaining parents in a text-messaging program trial. However, we encountered recruitment challenges (ie, underrepresentation of ethnic minority groups and fathers) similar to those reported in the literature. Therefore, efforts to engage ethnic minorities and fathers are needed.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000117213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374307
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Patients with COVID-19 Using Linked Population Health Data (Preprint)
Authors: Mastellos Nikolaos , Betteridge Richard , Peddaayyavarla Prasanth , Moran Andrew , Kaubryte Jurgita , Patterson Justine , Gathogo Esther
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilisation and associated costs has been significant, with one in ten patients becoming severely ill and being admitted to hospital with serious complications during the first wave of the pandemic. Risk prediction models can help health care providers identify high-risk patients in their populations and intervene to improve health outcomes and reduce associated costs.

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate a hospitalisation risk prediction model for adult patients with laboratory confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

METHODS

The model was developed using pre-linked and standardised data of adult patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from Cerner’s population health management platform (HealtheIntent®) in the London Borough of Lewisham. A total of 14,203 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 1st March 2020 and 28th February 2021 were included in the development and internal validation cohorts. A second temporal validation cohort covered the period between 1st March 2021 to 30th April 2021. The outcome variable was hospital admission in adult patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2. A generalised linear model was used to train the model. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC).

RESULTS

Overall, 14,203 patients were included. Of those, 9,755 (68.7%) were assigned to the development cohort, 2,438 (17.2%) to the internal validation cohort, and 2,010 (14.1%) to the temporal validation cohort. A total of 917 (9.4%) patients were admitted to hospital in the development cohort, 210 (8.6%) in the internal validation cohort, and a further 204 (10.1%) in the temporal validation cohort. The model had a ROC-AUC of 0.85 in both the development and validation cohorts. The most predictive factors were older age, male sex, Asian or Other ethnic minority background, obesity, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 hospitalisation risk prediction model demonstrated very good performance and can be used to stratify risk in the Lewisham population to help providers reduce unnecessary hospital admissions and associated costs, improve patient outcomes, and target those at greatest risk to ensure full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Further research may examine the external validity of the model in other populations.
Using Social Media for Clinical Research: Recommendations and Examples From the Brown-Lifespan Center for Digital Health (Preprint)
Authors: Goldberg Elizabeth M , Rosen Rochelle K , Dizon Don S , Langdon Kirsten J , Davoodi Natalie M , Wray Tyler B , Nugent Nicole R , Dunsiger Shira I , Ranney Megan L
Published: December 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Social media integration into research has increased, and 92% of American social media participants state they would share their data with researchers. Yet, the potential of these data to transform health outcomes has not been fully realized, and the way clinical research is performed has been held back. The use of these technologies in research is dependent on the investigators’ awareness of their potential and their ability to innovate within regulatory and institutional guidelines. The Brown-Lifespan Center for Digital Health has launched an initiative to address these challenges and provide a helpful framework to expand social media use in clinical research.
Influence of overweight and obesity on the development of reproductive disorders in women
Authors: Payenok O.S.
Published: December 2021

Obesity remains a serious health problem in all countries due to its prevalence and the development of significant health consequences associated with high morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, over 1.5 billion adults in the modern world are overweight. According to domestic studies, about 40% of the population of Ukraine is overweight and 25% is obese. The literature review focuses on the problem of obesity in the peri- and postmenopausal periods. Because adipose tissue is the site of conversion of bioactive estrogens from androgenic precursors, it could be assumed that obese women should be less likely to develop symptoms of menopausal disorders such as vascular disorders, osteoporosis. Obesity affects ovulation, oocyte maturation, processes in the endometrium, and the process of implantation. Obesity impairs reproductive function not only through the mechanisms of ovulation disorders: reduced fertility is observed in patients with regular ovulatory cycles. Other mechanisms (the complex influence of psychosocial factors; the level of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by adipose tissue is increased in obesity) have not only a direct embryotoxic effect, but also limit the invasion of the trophoblast, disrupting its normal formation. Excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to local activation of prothrombinase and as a result to thrombosis, trophoblast infarction, its detachment and, ultimately, early miscarriage. The relationship between obesity and reproductive dysfunction has long been proven. At the same time, weight loss is known to improve this function in overweight and obese women. It is especially important that women with this pathology, who visit specialist physicians, receive the necessary recommendations and support aimed at weight loss.
Vitamin D effects on androgen levels in men
Authors: Pankiv I.V.
Published: December 2021

Background. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system. Considering the potential link between vitamin D and human fertility, authors performed this review summarizing current literature on vitamin D and possible mechanisms explaining the link of vitamin D with androgen metabolism in men. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on androgen metabolism in men. Methods. Author performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2011 until September 2021. Results. The vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with androgen levels and hypogonadism. Further, there is some evidence for a favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone concentrations, although others failed to show a significant effect on testosterone levels. Vitamin D might play an important role in androgen metabolism. Existing evidence from available trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on androgen levels in men is insufficient to recommend measurement of 25(OH)D levels or vitamin D supplementation in hypogonadal men. We cannot exclude vitamin D effects on androgen levels in men with low TT levels or in men with severe vitamin D deficiency. This question remains to be answered in future investigations. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse fertility outcomes including hypogonadism, but the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. High-quality trials are needed to further evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgen levels in men.
Attitudinal Judgments of Dialect Traits and Colorism in African Americans
Authors: Watts Akiah
Published: December 2021

This study demonstrates how language and complexion influence professional and social perceptions of African Americans. This study contains an online verbal-guise survey where participants either saw a photo of a lighter skin-toned African-American male and female or an electronically darkened version. Audio was attached to each photo, which contains traits of African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) in the case of the male and Standard American English for the female. The results suggest African-American females are more likely to experience colorism in professional traits while African-American males are more likely to experience colorism in social traits. Additionally, the respondent’s race influences perceptions of AAVE.
Clinicoradiological Correlation of Covid19 Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh, India: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Usmani Dr. Yasmeen
Published: December 2021

Abstract: A pilot study of 150 patients at premier medical institute of western Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. The purpose of this pictorial review article is to describe the most common manifestations and patterns of lung abnormality on CXR in COVID-19 in order to equip the medical community in its efforts to combat this pandemic. The varied spectra of COVID-19 presentation included fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat etc. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD/K-Chest and CAD were found as major comorbid conditions. Symptomatic presentation of COVID-19 was observed to be higher in patients with co morbid disease, especially if multiple. HRCT chest in COVID-19 patients had a major diagnostic and prognostic importance as positive CT findings were more prominent in symptomatic patients and co-morbid patients. Clinical symptoms of patients directly correlated with CT severity index. CT imaging was found to be useful in predicting clinical recovery of patients or progression of disease. Introduction: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. The chest imaging findings are nonspecific and most commonly show atypical or organizing pneumonia, often with a bilateral, peripheral and bi-basal predominant distribution. Our study is concerned with the data of COVID positive patients admitted in the institute for the period of March 16- May 17, 2020. Aims and Objectives 1) To correlate clinical and radiological spectra of covid positive patients and their final outcome. 2) To describe the spectrum of lung parenchyma changes in the symptomatic as well as asymptomatic in COVID- 19 patients. Review of literature: This case report series presents a summary of key findings frequently associated with COVID-19, which will assist radiologists and clinicians in preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE). Materials and Methods: The data for the study is sourced from clinically suspected patients from the Covid Ward, LLRM Medical College, Meerut,(U.P.),INDIA which were subjected to chest radiography on 60mAh portable X-Ray machine. The patients are followed up to correlate the findings with clinical outcome. The study has been conducted on a minimum of 150 patients with portable Chest X-Ray machine. Observations & Discussion: The most frequent findings encountered are airspace opacities are viz- Hazy pulmonary opacities, Bilateral lower lobe consolidations, Peripheral air space opacities, Uncommon CXR findings, Diffuse air space disease. Conclusion: Based on our study, few inferences have been deduced; A significant proportion of the clinically symptomatic cases shows characteristic radiological changes on chest X-ray and also how chest radiography can be used as a tool not to substitute but supplement RTPCR in evaluation of COVID positive cases. Keywords: Patchy areas of consolidation, shortness of breath, high resolution CT Scan, RTPCR.
Cloud Computing: A Review
Authors: Pawar Shailaja Dilip
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Cloud computing is actually a model for enabling convenient, limitless, on demand network access to a shared pool of computing resource. This paper describes introductory part explain the concept of cloud computing, different components of cloud, types of cloud service development. At last paper elaborates the classification of cloud computing which will clear the ovelall idea of cloud computing to the learners who are new to this field. Keywords: cloud computing, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
Planning, Analysis and Design of Advanced Township at Thodupuzha in Kerala
Authors: Mathew Crisbin Joseph
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Due to the rise in population and increase in urbanisation levels in our country, most of the settlements are in urban areas. As the cities that already existing are heavily populated along with a great deal of limitations in the infrastructure, emergence of an advanced township away from the vicinity of these overpopulated urban areas offer safer and better accommodation for the people. The planning and layout of the project is shown using autoCAD and for the structural analysis we use STADD Pro V.18i. Demographic analysis is done among specific clientele. Development of roof top rainwater harvesting(sump)has been carried out in order to provide source of water for the whole population of the township. Use of intze tank which is a circular overhead tank to meet the daily water requirement of the population inside the township.For the proper disposal and processing of the waste generated, almost 30 acres of land is being used to hold the per capita waste generated which managed after calculating factors like total waste generated, estimated landfill, total area required for land etc. The salient features a major advantages of this township is discussed in detail. Keywords: IS - Indian Standard BM - Bending Moment BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards cm - CentiMeters mm - MilliMeters m - Meter C - Celsius
Significance of Helicobacter Pylori in Iron Deficiency
Authors: Saydullaevich Maxmonov Lutfulla
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the importance of helicobacter pylori in iron deficiency. It is well known that iron deficiency is one of the major problems in medicine today. The following article examines the complications of this disease and the effective methods used to treat it. Keywords: anemia, Helicobacter pylori, blood, pathology, gastrointestinal tract, microorganism.
Dynamic Analysis on RCC and Composite Structure for Uniform and Optimized Section
Authors: Kumar Ankit
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This study examines the composite structure that is increasing commonly in developing countries. For medium-rise to high-rise building construction, RCC structures is no longer economical due to heavy dead weight, limited span, low natural frequency and hazardous formwork. The majority of commercial buildings are designed and constructed with reinforced concrete, which largely depends on the existence of the constituent materials as well as the quality of the necessary construction skills, and including the usefulness of design standards. Conventional RCC structure is not preferred nowadays for high rise structure. However, composite construction, is a recent development in the construction industry. Concrete-steel composite structures are now very popular due to some outstanding advantages over conventional concrete and steel structures. In the present work, RCC and steel-concrete composite structure are being considered for a Dynamic analysis of a G+25-storey commercial building of uniform and optimized section, located at in seismic zone IV. Response Spectrum analysis method is used to analyze RCC and composite structure, CSI ETABS v19 software is used and various results are compared such as time period, maximum storey displacement, maximum storey stiffness. Maximum storey shear and maximum stoey overturning moment. Keywords: RCC Structure, Composite Structure, Uniform Section, Optimized Section, Shear Connector, Time Period, Storey Displacement, Storey Shear, Storey Stiffness, Response Spectrum method, ETABS
Influence of Planting Systems and Feeding Regimes on Dry Mass Accumulation of Cotton
Authors: Sotvoldievich Jalilov Lutfiyor
Published: December 2021

Annotation: In order to increase the organic biomass in a bush, at least 15 t / ha of semi-rotted cattle manure before plowing, if possible plowed to 30 t / ha in autumn and then sowing in spring, retains the ability to absorb root activity longer, which has a positive effect on yield. reaches
An analytical method for calculating the stress-strain state of PVC window profiles under thermal loading
Authors: Aksenov Ivan S. , Konstantinov Aleksandr P.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The practical operation of modern PVC windows in the climate of the Russian Federation has proven that due to thermally induced deformations of window elements cold air enters premises and window frames freeze. Presently, there is no engineering method for calculating the temperature deformations of windows, that takes account of the key features of their structure: the composite structure of window sections, the rigidity of insulating glass units, fittings, etc. An important task is to develop a method for calculating temperature deformations of PVC window elements, that takes account of nonlinear temperature distribution over their cross-sections.

Materials and methods. A three-dimensional finite element model of a standard PVC window was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, and its temperature field was calculated. The analysis of the calculation results allowed to identify the nature of the temperature distribution over the cross sections of PVC window profiles and propose a method for their analytical calculation. Using the basic equations of solid mechanics and methods of mathematical analysis, the bending of PVC window elements was described on the basis of their actual temperature fields.

Results. The obtained equations were tested by comparing the results of the manual calculation with the results of the finite element modeling.

Conclusions. The obtained equations, describing temperature deformations of individual window elements, serve as the starting point for an integrated method of calculating the structural behavior of PVC windows under thermal loading. The further development of the presented method will encompass the analysis of the influence of the reinforcing core on the structural behavior of PVC elements and the exploration of the structural behavior of the entire window structure.
Using interpolation and correlation to evaluate the quality of cement composites exposed to a thermally aggressive environment
Authors: Maksimova Irina N. , Erofeeva Irina V. , Afonin Victor V. , Emelyanov Denis V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article addresses the quality evaluation of cement composites after their exposure to the atmospheric environment that features a rapid change in positive and negative temperatures. The article has a numerical assessment of the quality of cement composites. The quality assessment method encompasses the Spearman’s rank correlation, the coefficient of determination, and the adjustment ratio.

Materials and methods. Testable cement composites are the compositions numbered from one to eight. They differ in the concentration of various additives, including superplasticizers and aggregates. Testable compositions were exposed to cyclic changes in positive and negative temperatures, and four of their properties were checked in the points of control on Day 0, Day 15, and Day 45. Linear interpolation was used to expand the data array. Changes in the properties of composites were compared with the benchmark values; the Spearman’s rank correlation and the coefficient of determination were calculated. Moreover, arrays of interpolated values were reduced to relative units to calculate the adjustment ratios. Entry values were employed to develop the evaluation metrics and assess the quality of cement composites.

Results. The proposed numerical metrics is used to rank the testable samples and identify the best compositions. Library functions and transformations, available in the MATLAB system, are applied to each action, which can be implemented in nearly any software programming language.

Conclusions. The proposed method of heuristic quality evaluation of cement composites may be applied to the cases when testable samples are exposed to versatile adverse and aggressive operating conditions.
The application efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in civil engineering
Authors: Strelkova Mariia D. , Strelets Ksenia I. , Velichkin Victor Z. , Petrochenko Marina V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The partial replacement of cast-in-situ concrete with precast concrete in the residential construction sector allows to reduce construction time and cost, increase labour productivity and cut CO2 emissions. Combinations of prefabricated and monolithic elements in precast monolithic frames are presented; they encompass 6 different structural options of precast monolithic frames and 2 types of monolithic frames. The co-authors compare production costs and integrated labor intensity for all frame design options, construction periods per 1,000 m3 of a residential building for various structural options of the frame, and assess potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to a change in the amount of precast reinforced concrete in the building frame structure.

Materials and methods. The co-authors have developed a method that employs weighted average to identify the optimal type of a precast monolithic frame. The method takes account of such factors as production costs, integrated labour intensity, construction time and reduction in carbon dioxide gas emissions (in per centum) per 1,000 m3 of the frame structure.

Results. The optimal structure of a precast monolithic frame was selected and calculated using weighted average. Weighted average was used to identify the most effective structural frame. The calculation results have shown that ARKOS precast monolithic frame with precast columns is the leader in terms of weighted average; it best suits the construction of a residential building. If we consider each of the selected indicators separately, RECON frame with precast floors is to be selected; however, RECON is inferior to ARKOS in terms of weighted average due to different values of the weight coefficients attached to each of the assessment criteria.

Conclusions. The co-authors have proven the efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in comparison with monolithic frames if applied to construct a residential building. The proposed method was employed to select the optimal type of frame.