bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lentil-Husk-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Parajuli Kshama , Khanal Lekha Nath , GC Ganga , Koju Samjhana , Bhujel Shushan , Khadka Devendra , Sharma Motee Lal , Pant Bishweshwar , Poudel Bhoj Raj
Published: February 2025

Plant-based preparation of nanomaterials has become a recent global research focus due to its cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and environmentally friendly approach. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (HAgNPs) using red lentil husk aqueous extract (LHE) and to assess its antibacterial activity. Synthesized HAgNPs were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of synthesized HAgNPs was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC No: 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC No: 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC No: 700603), and Shigella sonnei (ATCC No: 25931) at varying concentrations via the agar well diffusion scheme. The UV-vis absorption maximum observed around 420 nm directed the creation of HAgNPs. The shifting of peak positions in the FTIR spectrum of the synthesized HAgNPs compared to the FTIR spectrum peak positions of LHE indicated the involvement of biomolecules present in LHE in reducing silver ions to metallic silver. XRD examination of the prepared sample suggested face-centred cubic crystals of the HAgNPs. The average particle dimension of prepared HAgNPs was 8.9 nm by the Debye–Scherer equation. An FESEM examination of the synthesized HAgNPs revealed spherical morphology, while the EDX study showed that silver (Ag0) was the predominant component, comprising 62.3% by weight. The synthesized HAgNPs displayed a higher DPPH radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 38.87 ± 3.52 µg/mL) than that of LHE (IC50 = 65.27 ± 1.17 µg/mL). The prepared HAgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against some human pathogen bacteria at lower concentrations. Hence, the present study highlights an environmentally benevolent and economical synthetic approach to the preparation of HAgNPs and its potential utility for the production of biomedical products.
Hypo- and Hypernatremia in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in the First 10 Days of Life: A Review
Authors: Pace Myrna , van Sas Stijn , Salaets Thomas , Laenen Annouschka , Raaijmakers Anke , Allegaert Karel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Sodium regulation is critical in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) infants. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of sodium dynamics and related variables in ELBW infants in their first 10 days of life through a structured literature review. Methods: Applying PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched (1 August 2023) on sodium measurements in ELBW cohorts, with quality assessment (RoB2, ROBINS-1, Newcastle Ottawa scale) of retained papers, and subsequent data extraction in line with these PRISMA guidelines to describe findings. Results: Only eight heterogeneous studies could be retained, including observational cohort studies (n = 5), case–control studies (n = 2, Tegaderm application yes/no, gestational age < 24 or 24–28 weeks), and only one randomized trial (sodium restriction versus no sodium restriction). Definitions of hyper- or hyponatremia were also heterogeneous, with incidence ranges for hyper- (8–92.2%) and hyponatremia (0–52.9%). Peak sodium values were observed on days 2–4 in the individual studies. When pooled and compared to the cohort mean sodium values, the highest increases in mean serum sodium values were observed on day 3 (+4, range, −0.6 to +8.6 mEq). Variables of sodium values were related to care factors [incubator settings (open/closed, double-/not double-walled, humidity), fluid regimens (water volume, sodium supplementation), occlusive skin care], as well as related maturational factors (postnatal age, gestational age, small versus appropriate for gestational age, SGA/AGA). Conclusions: Based on a structured literature review, patterns of sodium changes over postnatal age in ELBW cases were documented. Besides incubator settings, fluid regimens, or occlusive skin care, these patterns also depend on maturational factors of the ELBW infant (gestational age, postnatal age, SGA/AGA). These complexities emphasize the need for nuanced interpretation, the relevance of standardizing clinical practices and research definitions, and the need to report on additional datasets.
Pipe Routing with Topology Control for Decentralized and Autonomous UAV Networks
Authors: Devaraju Shreyas , Garg Shivam , Ihler Alexander , Bentley Elizabeth Serena , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2025

This paper considers a decentralized and autonomous wireless network of low SWaP (size, weight, and power) fixed-wing UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) used for remote exploration and monitoring of targets in an inaccessible area lacking communication infrastructure. Here, the UAVs collaborate to find target(s) and use routing protocols to forward the sensed data of target(s) to an aerial base station (BS) in real-time through multihop communication, which can then transmit the data to a control center. However, the unpredictability of target locations and the highly dynamic nature of autonomous, decentralized UAV networks result in frequent route breaks or traffic disruptions. Traditional routing schemes cannot quickly adapt to dynamic UAV networks and can incur large control overhead and delays. In addition, their performance suffers from poor network connectivity in sparse networks with multiple objectives (exploration and monitoring of targets), which results in frequent route unavailability. To address these challenges, we propose two routing schemes: Pipe routing and TC-Pipe routing. Pipe routing is a mobility-, congestion-, and energy-aware scheme that discovers routes to the BS on-demand and proactively switches to alternate high-quality routes within a limited region around the routes (referred to as the “pipe”) when needed. TC-Pipe routing extends this approach by incorporating a decentralized topology control mechanism to help maintain robust connectivity in the pipe region around the routes, resulting in improved route stability and availability. The proposed schemes adopt a novel approach by integrating the topology control with routing protocol and mobility model, and rely only on local information in a distributed manner. Comprehensive evaluations under diverse network and traffic conditions—including UAV density and speed, number of targets, and fault tolerance—show that the proposed schemes improve throughput by reducing flow interruptions and packet drops caused by mobility, congestion, and node failures. At the same time, the impact on coverage performance (measured in terms of coverage and coverage fairness) is minimal, even with multiple targets. Additionally, the performance of both schemes degrades gracefully as the percentage of UAV failures in the network increases. Compared to schemes that use dedicated UAVs as relay nodes to establish a route to the BS when the UAV density is low, Pipe and TC-Pipe routing offer better coverage and connectivity trade-offs, with the TC-Pipe providing the best trade-off.
Complexity, Uncertainty, and Entropy: Applications to Food Sensory Perception and Other Complex Phenomena
Authors: Sturtewagen Luka , van Mil Harald , Linden Erik van der
Published: February 2025

Complexity has been studied in various areas of science, such as ecology and sensory science. One important aspect is the quantification of the complexity of a system. There exist a multitude of different approaches. One approach relates complexity to information, with its measure introduced by Shannon. This is equal to the negative value of entropy, or uncertainty. In this review, we discuss the different approaches that are used to quantify and measure complexity in the realm of food sensory perception. We address how the food sensory field could benefit from an approach that is based on an information-theoretical footing, to allow for one quantitative measure, thus improving comparison and reproducibility among different laboratories. Reversely, the review is intended to inspire the physics community to explore complex phenomena, such as sensory perception, in terms of a general information-theoretical measure, such as entropy and other fields.
‘We’ve Kind of Become More Professional’: Swedish Teaching Teams Enhance Skills with Participation Model for Inclusive Education
Authors: Edström Kattis , Cervantes Sara
Published: February 2025

In this study, two teaching teams’ implementations of a conceptual model to support inclusive education were investigated. Focus group discussions with the teaching teams were conducted and the theory of organizational and occupational professionalism was used in the analysis. The result shows that it is possible to expand a teaching team’s professional skills by developing a common professional language and accessing vocabulary that supports their understanding of the multifaceted concepts of participation and inclusive education. To carry this out, teaching teams need both organizational professionalism, such as a supportive organization and time to meet, and occupational professionalism, such as meetings where they can discuss and reflect together and gain autonomy. The combination of lack of occupational professionalism and a strong organizational professionalism seems to limit the possibilities for professional development.
Exploring the Nature and Role of Students’ Peer-to-Peer Questions During an In-Class Collaborative Activity
Authors: Dahl Tarah M. , Grieger Krystal , Miller Soren , Nyachwaya James
Published: February 2025

During group activities, instructors expect that students will ask each other questions. Therefore, in this study, we looked at the nature and role of peer-to-peer questions during an in-class activity. During the activity, students worked collaboratively to respond to five prompts about an acid–base neutralization reaction. We examined the questioning behavior in groups and the nature and types of questions asked. We then looked specifically at the content questions, analyzing how they varied by prompt, as well as the level of those content questions using Bloom’s taxonomy. Finally, we looked at the role that the peer-to-peer questions played as the students completed the activity. The results revealed that the students broadly asked each other social questions, process questions, and content questions, with content questions being the most frequently posed. The prompts that required students to make a prediction, sketch a graph, and explain their reasoning elicited most of the content questions asked. Furthermore, most of the peer-to-peer content questions asked across the five prompts ranked at the two lowest levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. Finally, the posed peer-to-peer questions were found to play many roles in the discussion, including initiating and sustaining conversations, seeking consensus, challenging each other, and promoting social metacognition. The implications for instruction and research are discussed.
Investigation of Blind Deconvolution Method with Total Variation Regularization in Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kim Kyuseok , Lee Youngjin
Published: February 2025

Various studies have been conducted to reduce the blurring caused by movement in cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart. This study proposed a blind deconvolution method using a total variation regularization algorithm to remove blurring in cardiac cine magnetic resonance (MR) images. The MR data were acquired using a rat cardiac cine sequence in an open format. We investigated a blind deconvolution method with a total variation regularization, incorporating a 3-dimensional point-spread function on cardiac cine MRI. The gradient of magnitude (GM) and perceptual sharpness index (PSI) were used to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed deblurring method. We confirmed that the proposed method can reduce temporal blur relatively efficiently compared with the generalized variation-based deblurring algorithm. In particular, the GM and PSI values of the cardiac cine MR image corrected using the proposed method were improved by approximately 7.59 and 4.18 times, respectively, compared with the degraded image. We achieved improved image quality by validating a blind deconvolution method using a total variation regularization algorithm on the cardiac cine MR images of small animals.
Applications of Renewable Energies in Low-Temperature Regions: A Scientometric Analysis of Recent Advancements and Future Research Directions
Authors: Rodríguez-Aburto César , Poma-García José , Montaño-Pisfil Jorge , Morcillo-Valdivia Pablo , Solís-Farfán Roberto , Curay-Tribeño José , Pilco-Nuñez Alex , Flores-Salinas José , Tineo-Cordova Freddy , Virú-Vasquez Paul , Bravo-Toledo Luigi
Published: February 2025

This study presents a scientometric analysis of renewable energy applications in low-temperature regions, focusing on green hydrogen production, carbon storage, and emerging trends. Using bibliometric tools such as RStudio and VOSviewer, the research evaluates publication trends from 1988 to 2024, revealing an exponential growth in renewable energy studies post-2021, driven by global policies promoting carbon neutrality. Life cycle assessment (LCA) plays a crucial role in evaluating the environmental impact of energy systems, underscoring the need to integrate renewable sources for emission reduction. Hydrogen production via electrolysis has emerged as a key solution in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, while carbon storage technologies, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), are gaining traction. Government policies, including carbon taxes, fossil fuel phase-out strategies, and renewable energy subsidies, significantly shape the energy transition in cold regions by incentivizing low-carbon alternatives. Multi-objective optimization techniques, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, are expected to enhance decision-making processes, optimizing energy efficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility in renewable energy systems. Future research must address three critical challenges: (1) strengthening policy frameworks and financial incentives for large-scale renewable energy deployment, (2) advancing energy storage, hydrogen production, and hybrid energy systems, and (3) integrating multi-objective optimization approaches to enhance cost-effectiveness and resilience in extreme climates. It is expected that the research will contribute to the field of knowledge regarding renewable energy applications in low-temperature regions.
Research on Simulation Analysis and Joint Diagnosis Algorithm of Transformer Core-Loosening Faults Based on Vibration Characteristics
Authors: Cao Chen , Li Zheng , Wang Jialin , Zhang Jiayu , Li Ying , Wang Qingli
Published: February 2025

The existing methods for transformer core-loosening fault diagnosis primarily focus on fundamental frequency analysis, neglecting higher-frequency components, which limits early detection accuracy. This study proposes a comprehensive approach integrating full-band vibration analysis, including high-order harmonics, to enhance diagnostic precision. A theoretical model coupling magnetostriction and thermodynamics was developed, combined with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for fault characterization. A 10 kV transformer core vibration test platform was constructed, capturing signals under normal, partially loose, and completely loose states. The simulation results aligned with the experimental data, showing vibration accelerations of 0.01 m/s2 (Phase A) and 0.023 m/s2 (Phase B). A multi-physics coupling model incorporating Young’s modulus variations simulated core loosening, revealing increased high-frequency components (up to 1000 Hz) and vibration amplitudes (0.2757 m/s2 for complete loosening). The joint EMD–Pearson method quantified fault severity, yielding correlation values of 0.0007 (normal), 0.0044 (partial loosening), and 0.0116 (complete loosening), demonstrating a clear positive correlation with fault progression. Experimental validation confirmed the model’s reliability, with the simulations matching the test results. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional methods by incorporating high-frequency analysis and multi-physics modeling, significantly improving early fault detection accuracy and providing a quantifiable diagnostic framework for transformer core health monitoring.
Protective Effect of Ganjang, a Traditional Fermented Soy Sauce, on Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice
Authors: Lim Hyeon-Ji , Park In-Sun , Kim Min Ju , Seo Ji Won , Ha Gwangsu , Yang Hee-Jong , Jeong Do-Youn , Kim Seon-Young , Jung Chan-Hun
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related fatalities globally, and its development is closely associated with dietary and microbial factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ganjang, a traditional fermented soy sauce, in alleviating colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in a mouse model induced by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS). The bacterial composition of ganjang samples from different regions primarily included Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. Administration of ganjang to AOM/DSS-induced mice significantly improved CAC-related symptoms, including increased body weight, restored colon length, and reduced spleen size. Additionally, ganjang administration led to a decrease in tumor size and number, the modulation of apoptotic and proliferative markers, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, and the restoration of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, ganjang samples altered the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. These findings suggest that ganjang has potential as a functional food for CRC prevention or mitigation, primarily through the modulation of CAC symptoms, tumor growth, inflammatory responses, intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and gut microbiota composition.
Dietary Interventions for Breast Cancer Prevention: Exploring the Role of Nutrition in Primary and Tertiary Prevention Strategies
Authors: Pontillo Martina , Trio Rossella , Rocco Nicola , Cinquerrui Ada , Di Lorenzo Mariana , Catanuto Giuseppe , Magnoni Francesca , Calenda Fabrizia , Castiello Carlo Luigi Junior , Ingenito Mafalda , Margherita Alessia Luciana , Velotti Nunzio , Musella Mario
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, necessitating effective prevention strategies. The current literature was scrutinized to investigate the impact of dietary factors, such as the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet on reducing the risk of breast cancer. Additionally, the potential role of diet in diminishing the risk of disease recurrence and enhancing outcomes among breast cancer survivors was explored. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies with robust methodologies, including randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and prospective cohort studies focusing on adult women. Only studies published in English were considered. Papers on animal studies, editorials, and case series were excluded. Results: Our findings show the critical interplay between diet and breast cancer prevention, crucial for the development of effective strategies to both primary and tertiary prevention. Challenges such as adherence to dietary recommendations, cultural and socioeconomic disparities, and limited high-quality evidence were identified. Conclusions: This review underscores the critical need to integrate nutrition into clinical practice and highlights avenues for future research, including personalized dietary interventions.
A Bioarchaeological Insight into Etruscan Female Activity at Civita, Tarquinia
Authors: Biehler-Gomez Lucie , Moro Claudia , Marzullo Matilde , Bagnasco Giovanna , Cattaneo Cristina
Published: February 2025

This research investigates sex roles and labor in ancient Etruscan society, comparing and contrasting the bioarchaeological profile of human remains of five females and two males from the sacred area of the ‘monumental complex’ (Civita, Tarquinia). Despite the small sample size, analyses of entheseal changes, spinal and appendicular osteoarthrosis, Schmorl’s nodes, and dental wear reveal much higher frequencies of biomechanical stress markers compared to other coeval Etruscan sites as well as pre-Roman and Roman data. Both males and females exhibited evidence of repeated strenuous physical activity, but the degree of biomechanical stress in females was particularly striking, suggesting involvement in physically intensive tasks. The study also draws comparisons with Roman populations, highlighting the higher biomechanical stress among women living in the Etruscan society compared to Roman females. These findings challenge the assumption of strict sex divisions of labor in ancient societies, indicating that Etruscan women at Civita may have shared in physically demanding activities typically associated with men, such as agricultural labor, sports, or domestic production. While the sample is limited and precludes definitive conclusions, this study represents a rare bioarchaeological contribution to the study of Etruscan society, offering insight into their lived experiences. Moreover, it underscores the importance of valorizing this skeletal material to enrich our understanding of sex roles and labor in one of antiquity’s most enigmatic civilizations.
Language Matters: What Not to Say to Patients with Long COVID, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Other Complex Chronic Disorders
Authors: Smyth Nancy J. , Blitshteyn Svetlana
Published: February 2025

People with Long COVID, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and other complex chronic disorders consistently report having difficulty obtaining effective and compassionate medical care and being disbelieved, judged, gaslighted, and even dismissed by healthcare professionals. We believe that these adversarial interactions and language are more likely to arise when healthcare professionals are confronting complex chronic illnesses without proper training, diagnostic biomarkers, or FDA-approved therapies. These problematic conversations between practitioners and patients often involve specific words and phrases—termed the “never-words”—can leave patients in significant emotional distress and negatively impact the clinician–patient relationship and recovery. Seeking to prevent these destructive interactions, we review key literature on best practices for difficult clinical conversations and discuss the application of these practices for people with Long COVID, ME/CFS, dysautonomia, and other complex chronic disorders. We provide recommendations for alternative, preferred phrasing to the never-words, which can enhance therapeutic relationship and chronic illness patient care via compassionate, encouraging, and non-judgmental language.
Cold Plasma-Induced Modulation of Protein and Lipid Macromolecules: A Review
Authors: Rout Srutee , Panda Pradeep Kumar , Dash Pranjyan , Srivastav Prem Prakash , Hsieh Chien-Te
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, the food industry is prioritizing many innovative processing technologies that can produce minimally processed foods with superior and higher quality, lower costs, and faster operations. Among these advancements, cold plasma (CP) processing stands out for its remarkable capabilities in food preservation and extending the shelf life. Beyond its established role in microbial inactivation, CP has emerged as a transformative tool for modifying food biomolecules through reactive plasma species, addressing the versatile requirements of food industries for various applications. This review focuses on the interactions between reactive plasma species and essential food macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. The novelty lies in its detailed examination of how CP technology triggers structural, functional, and biochemical changes in proteins and lipids and explains the mechanisms involved. It connects fundamental molecular transformations to practical applications, such as enhanced protein functionality, lipid stabilization, and improved oxidative resistance. CP induces alterations in protein structure, especially in amino acid configurations, that can be applicable to the formulation of advanced gel, 3D printing, thermostable emulsions, enhanced solubility, and sensory materials. This review explores the ability of CP to modify protein allergenicity, its different effects on the mechanical and interfacial properties of proteins, and its role in the production of trans-fat-free oils. Despite its potential, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of CP’s interactions with food macromolecules is also discussed. Furthermore, this review addresses key challenges and outlines future research opportunities, positioning CP as a sustainable and adaptable approach for innovating next-generation food systems. Further research is crucial to fully understand the potential of CP for food processing, followed by product development.
Dual Doping in Precious Metal Oxides: Accelerating Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Guoxin , Wang Fei , Jin Rui , Guo Bingrong , Huo Haohao , Dai Yulong , Liu Zhe , Liu Jia , Li Siwei
Published: February 2025

Developing a highly active and stable catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), the key half-reaction for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, has been one of the most cutting-edge topics in electrocatalysis. A dual-doping strategy optimizes the catalyst electronic environment, modifies the coordination environment, generates vacancies, and introduces strain effects through the synergistic effect of two elements to achieve high catalytic performance. In this review, we summarize the progress of dual doping in RuO2 or IrO2 for acidic OERs. The three main mechanisms of OERs are dicussed firstly, followed by a detailed examination of the development history of dual-doping catalysts, from experimentally driven dual-doping systems to machine learning (ML) and theoretical screening of dual-doping systems. Lastly, we provide a summary of the remaining challenges and future prospects, offering valuable insights into dual doping for acidic OERs.
Transcriptome-Wide Insights: Neonatal Lactose Intolerance Promotes Telomere Damage, Senescence, and Cardiomyopathy in Adult Rat Heart
Authors: Anatskaya Olga V. , Ponomartsev Sergei V. , Elmuratov Artem U. , Vinogradov Alexander E.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of mortality globally. A significant aspect of CVD involves their association with aging and susceptibility to neonatal programming. These factors suggest that adverse conditions during neonatal development can disrupt cardiomyocyte differentiation, thereby leading to heart dysfunction. This study focuses on the long-term effects of inflammatory and oxidative stress due to neonatal lactose intolerance (NLI) on cardiomyocyte transcriptome and phenotype. Our recent bioinformatic study focused on toggle genes indicated that NLI correlates with the switch off of some genes in thyroid hormone, calcium, and antioxidant signaling pathways, alongside the switch-on/off genes involved in DNA damage response and inflammation. In the presented study, we evaluated cardiomyocyte ploidy in different regions of the left ventricle (LV), complemented by a transcriptomic analysis of genes with quantitative (gradual) difference in expression. Cytophotometric and morphologic analyses of LV cardiomyocytes identified hyperpolyploidy and bridges between nuclei suggesting telomere fusion. Transcriptomic profiling highlighted telomere damage, aging, and chromatin decompaction, along with the suppression of pathways governing muscle contraction and energy metabolism. Echocardiography revealed statistically significant LV dilation and a decrease in ejection fraction. The estimation of survival rates indicated that NLI shortened the median lifespan by approximately 18% (p < 0.0001) compared with the control. Altogether, these findings suggest that NLI may increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases by accelerating aging due to oxidative stress and increased telomere DNA damage, leading to hyperpolyploidization and reduced cardiac contractile function. Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of the early identification and management of neonatal inflammatory and metabolic stressors, such as NLI, to mitigate long-term cardiovascular risks.
Clinically Accessible Liver Fibrosis Association with CT Scan Coronary Artery Disease Beyond Other Validated Risk Predictors: The ICAP Experience
Authors: García Izquierdo Belén , Martínez-Urbistondo Diego , Guadalix Sonsoles , Pastrana Marta , Bajo Buenestado Ana , Colina Inmaculada , García de Yébenes Manuel , Bastarrika Gorka , Páramo José A. , Pastrana Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) stratification in clinical settings remains limited. This study aims to evaluate clinical parameters that could improve the identification of higher-than-expected coronary artery disease (CAD) in CT scan coronarography. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic patients from the Integrated Cardiovascular Assessment Program (ICAP), volunteers aged 40–80 without diagnosed cardiovascular disease were assessed. CVR factors like obesity, lipid and glucose profiles, liver fibrosis risk (FIB-4 ≥ 1.3), C-reactive protein, and family history of CVD were evaluated. Patients were stratified by CVR following ESC guidelines. “CVR excess” was defined as CAD-RADS ≥ 2 in low-to-moderate-risk (LMR), CAD-RADS ≥ 3 in high-risk (HR), and CAD-RADS ≥ 4 in very-high-risk (VHR) groups. Results: Among 219 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 1.15 years, 14% female), 43.4% were classified as LMR, 49.3% as HR, and 7.3% as VHR. “CVR excess” was observed in 18% of LMR, 15% of HR, and 19% of VHR patients. LMR patients with prior statin use and HR patients with obesity were more likely to have “CVR excess” (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). FIB-4 modified the effect of statin use and obesity on “CVR excess” prediction (p for interactions < 0.05). Models including age, sex, and both interactions showed a strong discrimination for “CVR excess” in LMR and HR groups (AUROC 0.84 (95% CI 0.73–0.95) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.70–0.93), respectively). Conclusions: Suspected liver fibrosis combined with statin use in LMR patients and obesity in HR patients is associated with CVR excess, providing potential indications for image CAD assessment in asymptomatic patients.
Prospective Study of Recipient Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Alloimmunization Following the Use of Cold-Stored Saphenous Vein Allografts in Vascular Surgery
Authors: Faure Elsa Madeleine , Pedini Pascal , Bouchet Caroline , Branchereau Pascal , Cosma Catalin , Picard Eric , Picard Christophe
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the HLA alloreactivity of cold-stored saphenous vein allografts (CSVAs) by identifying the production of HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in the recipient. The secondary objective was to evaluate CSVA rejection-related complications, such as CSVA thrombosis and/or aneurysmal degeneration in the recipient. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, experimental before-and-after study which included participants undergoing CSVA placement, either to create a vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis or to create a lower limb arterial bypass. On Day 1, before CSVA placement, total blood samples were taken for HLA typing by sequence-specific primers (SSPs) and anti-HLA antibody detection using a Luminex assay. One month after CSVA placement, a second blood sample was taken to assess the appearance of donor-specific antibodies or an increase in the level of anti-HLA antibodies. Patency of the CSVA and potential aneurysmal degeneration were evaluated at 3 and 6 months with a Doppler ultrasound checkup. Results: From September 2022 to November 2023, 45 patients were included (30 men, 67%; mean age: 71 ± 12 years). One month after CSVA placement, no appearance of de novo anti-HLA antibody was detected in anti-HLA antibody-negative patients at inclusion (n = 28). Among the patients who already had anti-HLA antibodies at inclusion (n = 17), no increase in anti-HLA antibody levels or appearance of de novo anti-HLA antibodies was detected. Conclusions: This prospective study evaluating the immunogenicity of CSVAs through the appearance of anti-HLA antibodies one month after placement demonstrates that they do not seem to induce any HLA alloreactivity. Therefore, they may be used without the risk of HLA immunization in patients awaiting organ transplantation.
From Promise to Practice: Harnessing AI’s Power to Transform Medicine
Authors: Genovese Ariana , Borna Sahar , Gomez-Cabello Cesar A. , Haider Syed Ali , Prabha Srinivasagam , Trabilsy Maissa , Forte Antonio Jorge
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is not merely a tool for the future of clinical medicine; it is already reshaping the landscape, challenging traditional paradigms, and expanding the horizons of what is achievable in healthcare [...]
Brain Functional Connectivity Significantly Improves After Surgical Eradication of Porto-Systemic Shunting in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sparacia Gianvincenzo , Parla Giuseppe , Miraglia Roberto , de Ville de Goyet Jean
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Porto-systemic shunting (PSS) in patients with Abernethy malformation (AM) or obstruction of the portal vein (OVP) is often associated with normal liver parenchyma and hepatic function. This association provides an interesting natural model for studying the brain functional connectivity changes secondary to PSS but independently from hepatic (dys)function. Because PSS can be eliminated with appropriate interventions, these particular conditions offer a unique physio-pathological model where the same patient can be studied in both “active PSS” and “absent PSS” conditions (pre- and post-cure analyses). Methods: Four children (<18 years) who were evaluated for Abernethy malformation (n = 2) or portal cavernoma (n = 2) and underwent corrective surgery (living-donor liver transplantation for AM, or Meso-Rex bypass for OPV, respectively) were included in the study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rest-fMRI) were acquired in all patients before and after the corrective surgery. A functional connectome analysis was performed before (“active PSS” condition) and after (“absent PSS”—physiological condition) the cure of PSS. Results: As a result of the cancelation of PSS, rest-fMRI connectomics revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05 family-wise error) improvement in global brain functional connectivity in both groups following each surgical procedure. Conclusions: In this clinical model of isolated PSS (with absence of hepatic dysfunction), brain functional connectivity was altered even in young patients and in the absence of hyperammonemia; moreover, specific interventions to cancel out PSS consequently significantly improved brain functional connectivity.
Surface Integrity in the Grinding of Hardened AISI D2 Steel
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Qianting , Wang Ningchang , Yan Lan , Jiang Feng , Zhang Enlai , Zhou Wuhui , Gao Hao , Wang Yong
Published: February 2025

The surface integrity of grinding has a significant influence on the service performance and life of machined parts. In this study, the influence of grinding parameters and the grit size of the grinding wheel on the surface integrity of the hardened steel, including the roughness, microstructure, and hardness of the subsurface and the residual stress of the ground surface, was comprehensively investigated, and the corresponding mechanisms were revealed. The results show that the roughness perpendicular to the grinding direction was significantly larger than that parallel to the grinding direction due to serious side flow, and increasing the grinding speed or reducing the grinding depth was beneficial for reducing the side flow and thus decreasing the roughness. It was found that the grinding temperature dominated the formation of a harder white layer and a softer black layer, and workpiece speed had the smallest effect on the transition of subsurface microstructure compared to grinding speed and depth. It was also found that the increase in workpiece speed, grinding depth, or grinding speed resulted in a transition from compressive to tensile residual stress or an increase in tensile residual stress, and that grinding wheels with finer grit tended to induce compressive residual stress. This study may help to improve surface integrity by optimizing grinding parameters or facilitating the selection of the optimal grinding wheel.
Innovative Approaches to Tin Recovery from Low-Grade Secondary Resources: A Focus on (Bio)hydrometallurgical and Solvometallurgical Methods
Authors: Rudnik Ewa
Published: February 2025

Tin, although not considered a critical material in all world regions, is a key material for modern technologies. The projected scarcity of tin in the coming decades emphasizes the need for efficient recycling methods to maintain uninterrupted supply chains. This review article focuses on the recovery of tin from low-grade secondary sources, specifically obsolete printed circuit boards (PCBs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In both types of waste, tin occurs in various concentrations and in different chemical forms—a few percent as metal or alloy in PCBs and several hundred ppm as tin(IV) oxide in LCDs. This article presents pretreatment methods to preconcentrate tin and enhance subsequent leaching. It discusses not only conventional acid and alkaline leaching techniques but also the use of complexing agents and the challenges associated with bioleaching. Due to the dilution of the resulting leachates, advanced methods for tin ion separation and preconcentration before final product recovery are shown. Solvometallurgical methods employing deep eutectic solvents or ionic liquids, are also discussed; although promising, they still remain under development.
Comparative Study of Hydrodynamic Performance of Submerged Water Jet Propeller and Conventional Propeller Under Multiple Operating Conditions
Authors: Li Jiayi , Ma Lei , Chen Dongyang , Qi Yunpeng , Bai Tiechao , Pan Guang
Published: February 2025

As global shipping accelerates toward a green and low-carbon transformation, submerged water jet propulsion has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional propellers due to its high speed efficiency, noise reduction, and adaptability. This study establishes a high-fidelity CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model incorporating vehicle body wake characteristics, validated through open-water experiments. A comparative analysis reveals that the vehicle body wake improves propulsion efficiency by 4.66% for conventional propellers and 2.32% for submerged water jet systems in near-surface operations while exacerbating cavitation-induced efficiency losses by 1.7% and 1.0%, respectively. Notably, submerged water jet propulsion demonstrates superior performance under high-velocity conditions, achieving 5–12.27% higher efficiency than conventional propellers across both open-water and vehicle body wake-affected scenarios. These findings substantiate submerged water jet propulsion’s advantages in complex flow fields, offering critical insights for marine propulsion system optimization.
Development of a Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for Quantification of Volatile Compounds in Wines Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Katugampala Appuhamilage Dinesha , Jelley Rebecca E. , Sherman Emma , Pilkington Lisa I. , Pinu Farhana R. , Fedrizzi Bruno
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study reports the development of a straightforward, efficient, and cost-effective dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method for the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of volatile compounds present in wine. Methods: Four critical parameters were optimised using a D-optimal design to maximise extraction outcomes of the targeted analytes from a 10 mL sample, while minimising interference from other compounds. The analytical characteristics of the method were assessed using 36 target compounds. Results: The method provided satisfactory linearity (correlation coefficients > 0.990), good repeatability for both for intra- and inter-day measurements (RSD < 10.3%), and suitable recoveries of target analytes from both model (83–110%) and real matrices (80–120%). The validated method was subsequently applied to analyse the aroma profile of 30 New Zealand Pinot noir (PN) wine samples. Conclusions: This study contributes to the advancement of analytical techniques available to both industry and researchers to explore the complex aroma profiles of wines.
Responses of Tomato Photosystem II Photochemistry to Pegylated Zinc-Doped Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Sperdouli Ilektra , Giannousi Kleoniki , Moustaka Julietta , Antonoglou Orestis , Dendrinou-Samara Catherine , Moustakas Michael
Published: February 2025

Various metal-based nanomaterials have been the focus of research regarding their use in controlling pests and diseases and in improving crop yield and quality. In this study, we synthesized via a solvothermal procedure pegylated zinc-doped ferrite (ZnFer) NPs and characterized their physicochemical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, their impact on tomato photosynthetic efficiency was evaluated by using chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging analysis to estimate the light energy use efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), 30, 60, and 180 min after foliar spray of tomato plants with distilled water (control plants) or 15 mg L−1 and 30 mg L−1 ZnFer NPs. The PSII responses of tomato leaves to foliar spray with ZnFer NPs showed time- and dose-dependent biphasic hormetic responses, characterized by a short-time inhibitory effect by the low dose and stimulatory effect by the high dose, while at a longer exposure period, the reverse phenomenon was recorded by the low and high doses. An inhibitory effect on PSII function was observed after more than ~120 min exposure to both ZnFer NPs concentrations, implying a negative effect on PSII photochemistry. We may conclude that the synthesized ZnFer NPs, despite their ability to induce hormesis of PSII photochemistry, have a negative impact on photosynthetic function.
The Influence of Physical Exercise, Ketogenic Diet, and Time-Restricted Eating on De Novo Lipogenesis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Paoli Antonio
Published: February 2025

De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a metabolic pathway that converts carbohydrates into fatty acids, primarily occurring in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in adipose tissue. While hepatic DNL is highly responsive to dietary carbohydrate intake and regulated by insulin via transcription factors like SREBP-1c, adipose DNL is more modest and less sensitive to dietary overfeeding. Dysregulated DNL contributes to metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Lifestyle interventions, such as physical exercise, ketogenic diets, and time-restricted eating (TRE) offer promising strategies to regulate DNL and improve metabolic health. Physical exercise enhances glucose uptake in muscles, reduces insulin levels, and promotes lipid oxidation, thereby suppressing hepatic DNL. Endurance and resistance training also improve mitochondrial function, further mitigating hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Ketogenic diets shift energy metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, lower insulin, and directly downregulate lipogenic enzyme activity in the liver. TRE aligns feeding with circadian rhythms by optimizing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation during fasting periods, which suppresses DNL and enhances lipid metabolism. The combined effects of these interventions demonstrate significant potential for improving lipid profiles, reducing hepatic triglycerides, and preventing lipotoxicity. By addressing the distinct roles of the liver and adipose DNL, these strategies target systemic and localized lipid metabolism dysregulation. Although further research is needed to fully understand their long-term impact, these findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating these approaches into clinical practice to manage metabolic disorders and their associated complications.
Study on the Optimization of an Extraction Process of Two Triterpenoid Saponins in the Root of Rosa laevigata Michx. and Their Protective Effect on Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Mo Jingya , Deng Qiaoyu , Huang Yuanyuan , Jia Xuegong , Xie Fengfeng , Zhou Bei , Gao Hongwei , Wu Yanchun , Yuan Jingquan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Kajiichigoside F1 and rosamultin are natural triterpenoid saponins found in the root of Rosa laevigata Michx. These compounds are isomers, making their separation challenging. Nonetheless, they have been reported to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity, although their mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of echinacoside and rosamultin from R. laevigata and to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these saponins in an LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model. Methods: The extraction process was optimized using a single-factor experiment and the Box–Behnken response surface methodology, with the content of kajiichigoside F1, rosamultin, and their total content serving as evaluation indices. The acute lung injury model was induced by LPS, and lung tissue damage was assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The secretion of relevant inflammatory factors was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression levels of associated proteins were analyzed via Western blotting. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be an ethanol volume fraction of 80.0%, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:25, an extraction duration of 80 min, and three extraction cycles. Kajiichigoside F1 and rosamultin were found to mitigate alveolar inflammation in mice with acute lung injury (ALI) by effectively reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, these compounds down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and NF-κB IκBα proteins, thereby alleviating inflammatory symptoms. Conclusions: Kajiichigoside F1 and rosamultin attenuate the inflammatory response in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study preliminarily elucidates their anti-inflammatory mechanism, suggesting that both compounds possess therapeutic potential for ALI. These findings provide significant guidance for the future development of active components derived from the root of R. laevigata and establish a foundation for enhancing the quality standards of its medicinal materials.