bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Response and Damage Characteristics of Local Members of a Structure due to Tunnel Blasting Vibrations Based on the High‐Order Local Modal Analysis
Authors: Guan Xiaoming , Zhang Chunwei , Zhao Fei , Mou Ben , Ge Yiming
Published: June 2019

Damage characteristics and dynamic stress response of aging masonry structures for blast‐induced ground motion were performed using high‐order local modal analysis method. A complete investigation of damage types and locations of aging masonry buildings due to tunnel blasting vibration were performed by on‐site survey. A typical 2‐storey aging masonry building located above a tunnel was selected for dynamic response analysis. The experimental dynamic characteristics of the structure were determined by using the operational modal analysis (OMA) method. Finite element models for the masonry structures were updated by modifying material parameters based on OMA results. The first five natural frequencies of the updated finite element models ranged from 8.80–24.99 Hz, and the first five modes were global modes. The sixth to twentieth natural frequencies ranged from 26.10–36.34 Hz, and the sixth to twentieth modes were local modes whose deformation was greater than the global deformation. Since the principal frequencies of the tunnel blast vibration were mostly higher than the natural global modes’ frequencies and were much closer to the natural frequencies of local members, local members experienced more intensive vibrations compared to the main body structure. The principal compressive stress (PCS) and principal tensile stress (PTS) of local members were several times greater than that of the main body structure. Therefore, local members of the masonry building suffered most from the tunnel blasting vibration. Corners due to stress concentration, the contact area between brick and concrete, local members, and precast floor seams are prone to damage during tunnel blasting. With the vibration velocity increasing, the PCS and PTS of local members gradually increase. But, the PTS ratio of local members decreases with the increase of peak particle velocities. The dynamic response analysis result and the damage locations using high‐order local modal analysis method are in accordance with the damage found at the site.
Weak Type Estimates of Variable Kernel Fractional Integral and Their Commutators on Variable Exponent Morrey Spaces
Authors: Shao Xukui , Tao Shuangping
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the authors obtain the boundedness of the fractional integral operators with variable kernels on the variable exponent weak Morrey spaces based on the results of Lebesgue space with variable exponent as the infimum of exponent function p(·) equals 1. The corresponding commutators generated by BMO and Lipschitz functions are considered, respectively.
Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Difference Histogram Modification
Authors: Xu Dawen , Su Shubing
Published: June 2019

In this paper, an efficient reversible data hiding method for encrypted image based on neighborhood prediction is proposed, which includes image encryption, reversible data hiding in encrypted domain, and hidden data extraction. The cover image is first partitioned into non-overlapping blocks, and then the pixel value in each block is encrypted by modulo operation. Therefore, the linear prediction difference in the block that satisfies the specific condition is consistent before and after encryption, ensuring that data extraction is completely separable from image decryption. In addition, by using the linear weighting of three adjacent pixels in the block to predict the current pixel, the prediction accuracy can be improved. The data-hider, who does not know the original image content, may embed additional data based on prediction difference histogram modification. Data extraction and image recovery are free of any error. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
A Hyperchaotic Color Image Encryption Algorithm and Security Analysis
Authors: Li Chenghai , Zhao Fangzheng , Liu Chen , Lei Lei , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2019

The current common color image encryption algorithms applying “scrambling-diffusion” have some problems, such as the small key space, the cumbersome encryption process, and the security vulnerability. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a new color image encryption algorithm based on the hyperchaotic system and applying “transforming-scrambling-diffusion” model. Before scrambling, in accordance with the plaintext itself attributes, the number of iterations was calculated, all the pixel values of color image were transformed into gray code iteratively, and then the chaotic sequence was generated from the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system. Pixel matrix after gray code transformation was converted to one-dimensional matrix. The chaotic sequence was sorted and the one-dimensional matrix was changed positions correspondingly to complete the whole domain scrambling. And then, bit-operation was executed for image diffusion. The ciphertext can be obtained by matrix transformation. The key sensitivity, histogram, information entropy, correlation, and other evaluation indexes were calculated and analyzed through the simulation experiment. Compared with other algorithms, it can be proved that the encryption algorithm has the strong antiattack ability.
Direct Anterior Tracks: Early and Functional Management of Class III Malocclusions—Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Juan Carlos Echeverry , Diana Barbosa-Liz
Published: June 2019

The prevalence of class III malocclusion ranged from 0 to 26% in different populations. Many types of treatments have been described in dental literature. The results of early treatment have been positive. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a four-year-old patient with class III malocclusion who received an innovative treatment using direct anterior tracks. This therapy efficiently obtained immediate improvement of profile and occlusal relationships.
Theoretical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Axial Static Stiffness of Double‐Nut Ball Screw with Heavy Load and High Precision
Authors: Luo Haitao , Fu Jia , Jiao Lichuang , Zhao Fengqun
Published: June 2019

Double‐nut ball screws bear the action of bidirectional pretightening force, leading to the deformation of the contact area between the ball and the raceway. Under this condition, it is important to analyze and calculate the static stiffness of the ball screw. However, the conventional calculation method is inaccurate. Hence, a new method for the static stiffness analysis of a double‐nut ball screw is proposed. Through the structural analysis of the ball screw and internal load distribution, a load deformation model was established based on the Hertzian contact theory. Through the load analysis of the ball screw, a static stiffness model of the ball screw was established and applied to a case study and a finite element simulation. The rigidity of THK double‐nut ball screws used in the X‐axis feed system of a high‐stiffness heavy‐duty friction stir welding robot (developed by the research group) was calculated. When the workload was lower than 1.1 × 104 N, the slope of the double‐nut static stiffness curve increased significantly with the increase in the workload, and when the workload was greater than 1.1 × 104 N, its upward slope tended to stabilize. The simulated and experimental stiffness curves were in good agreement; when the external axial load was greater than 2.8 × 104 N, the stiffness value calculated using the finite element method gradually converged to the theoretical value; and when the axial load reached 3.0 × 104 N, the simulation and test curves matched well. The analysis method of the double‐nut ball screw was found to be concise and accurate, and the stiffness curves calculated using the two methods were consistent. The simulation analysis of the static stiffness presented herein is expected to aid the design of double‐nut ball screws of high‐rigidity heavy‐duty equipment.
Will That Pulmonary Nodule Become Cancerous? A Risk Prediction Model for Incident Lung Cancer
Authors: Nemesure Barbara , Clouston Sean , Albano Denise , Kuperberg Stephen , Bilfinger Thomas V.
Published: June 2019

This prospective investigation derived a prediction model for identifying risk of incident lung cancer among patients with visible lung nodules identified on computed tomography (CT). Among 2,924 eligible patients referred for evaluation of a pulmonary nodule to the Stony Brook Lung Cancer Evaluation Center between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015, 171 developed incident lung cancer during the observation period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to model time until disease onset. The sample was randomly divided into discovery (n = 1,469) and replication (n = 1,455) samples. In the replication sample, concordance was computed to indicate predictive accuracy and risk scores were calculated using the linear predictions. Youden index was used to identify high-risk versus low-risk patients and cumulative lung cancer incidence was examined for high-risk and low-risk groups. Multivariable analyses identified a combination of clinical and radiologic predictors for incident lung cancer including ln-age, ln-pack-years smoking, a history of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and several radiologic markers including spiculation, ground glass opacity, and nodule size. The final model reliably detected patients who developed lung cancer in the replication sample (C = 0.86, sensitivity/specificity = 0.73/0.81). Cumulative incidence of lung cancer was elevated in high-risk versus low-risk groups [HR = 14.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.17–25.18]. Quantification of reliable risk scores has high clinical utility, enabling physicians to better stratify treatment protocols to manage patient care. The final model is among the first tools developed to predict incident lung cancer in patients presenting with a concerning pulmonary nodule.
The Value of Including People with Dementia in the Co-Design of Personalized eHealth Technologies
Authors: Leorin Cristian , Stella Eloisa , Nugent Christopher , Cleland Ian , Paggetti Cristiano
Published: June 2019

Background: In this article, we discuss the benefits and implications of the shift from a user-centered to a co-creation approach in the processes of designing and developing eHealth and mHealth solutions for people with dementia. To this end, we illustrate the case study of a participatory design experience, implemented at the REMIND EU Project, Connected Health Summer School, which took place in June 2018 at Artimino (Italy). Objectives: The initiative was intended to reach two objectives: (1) help researchers specializing in a variety of fields (engineering, computing, psychology, nursing, and dementia care) develop a deeper understanding of how individuals living with dementia expect to be supported and/or enabled by eHealth and mHealth technologies and (2) prevent the tendency to focus on the impairments that characterize dementia at the expense of seeing the individual living with this condition as a whole person, striving to maintain a life that is as fulfilling as possible. Method: The Connected Health Summer School is an annual multidisciplinary training program, organized in collaboration with the REMIND EU Project, designed for early-stage researchers interested in the development of new eHealth and mHealth services and apps. For the 2018 program edition, REMIND end user partner Novilunio invited two members of the Irish Dementia Working Group to deliver keynote lectures, and engage in participatory workshops to facilitate the creation of digital technology applications based on their specific real-life needs, values, and expectations. Their involvement as participants and experts was aimed to give a clear message to early-stage researchers: a true personalized approach to eHealth and mHealth solutions can only emerge from a highly reflective and immersive appreciation of people’s subjective accounts of their lived experience. Results/Conclusions: The Connected Health Summer School early-stage researchers developed 6 app mock-ups based on their discussions and co-creation activities with the two experts with dementia. The reflections on this experience highlight a number of important issues that demand consideration when undertaking eHealth and mHealth research, co-design, and development with and for people with dementia. The evolution in design research from a user-centered approach to co-designing should pave the way to the development of technologies that neither disempower nor reinforce stigma, but instead provide a reliable support to living a life as active and meaningful as possible after a diagnosis of dementia. To this end, the motto of the peak global organization of people with dementia, Dementia Alliance International, says it all: “See the person and not the dementia.”
State of the Art – Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bogner Andreas , Kirchberg Johanna , Weitz Jürgen , Fritzmann Johannes
Published: June 2019

Background: In an aging society, the incidence and relevance of rectal cancer as one of the most frequent gastrointestinal cancers gains in importance. Excellent surgery and up-to-date multimodal treatments are essential for adequate oncological results and good quality of life. Summary: In this review, we describe modern developments in rectal cancer surgery and its embedment in modern multimodal therapy concepts. Key Message: Distinguished interdisciplinary cooperation combined with an outstanding surgical expertise is the basic requirement for an optimal treatment of rectal cancer. Thus, high standards of oncological outcome and patient’s quality of life can be achieved.
Cumulative Meta‐Analysis of the Soy Effect Over Time
Authors: Jenkins David J. A. , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Chiavaroli Laura , Viguiliouk Effie , Li Siying S. , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Vuksan Vladmir , Sievenpiper John L.
Published: June 2019

Background

Soy protein foods have attracted attention as useful plant protein foods with mild cholesterol‐lowering effects that are suitable for inclusion in therapeutic diets. But on the basis of the lack of consistency in significant cholesterol reduction by soy in 46 randomized controlled trials, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reassessing whether the 1999 heart health claim for soy protein should be revoked.

Methods and Results

We have, therefore, performed a cumulative meta‐analysis on the 46 soy trials identified by the FDA to determine if at any time, since the 1999 FDA final rule that established the soy heart health claim, the soy effect on serum cholesterol lost significance. The cumulative meta‐analysis for both total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol demonstrated preservation of the small, but significant, reductions seen both before and during the subsequent 14 years since the health claim was originally approved. For low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the mean reduction in 1999 was −6.3 mg/dL (95% CI, −8.7 to −3.9 mg/dL;
P
=0.00001) and remained in the range of −4.2 to −6.7 mg/dL (
P
=0.0006 to
P
=0.0002, respectively) in the years after 1999. At no time point did the total cholesterol or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions lose significance or were the differences at individual time points in the cumulative meta‐analysis significantly different from those seen in 1999 when the health claim was approved.

Conclusions

A cumulative meta‐analysis of the data selected by the FDA indicates continued significance of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction after soy consumption and supports the rationale behind the original soy FDA heart health claim.
Cocconeis scutellum var. ornata Grunow and C. interrupta Grunow from the historical Grunow collection in Vienna (sample 131)
Authors: RIAUX-GOBIN CATHERINE , IGERSHEIM ANTON , ECTOR LUC , BANAIGS BERNARD , WITKOWSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: June 2019

Cocconeis scutellum var. ornata Grunow (1868) was originally described and illustrated in Grunow (1862) as Rhaphoneis marginata Grunow, and later illustrated by Grunow in Van Heurck (1880). Several further illustrations were produced by diverse authors, i.e., drawings and photographs from light microscopy and more recently using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), yet all done without checking the holotype. Material from a small historical mica-slide from the Grunow collection in Vienna, capsule N° 131–6, marked as containing C. scutellum var. ornata, was examined with the SEM and given a new status for this taxon, renamed as Cocconeis pseudornata Riaux-Gobin, Igersheim, Ector et Witkowski stat. et nom. nov. Herein, remarks are provided for the intricate history of the latter taxon. Cocconeis interrupta Grunow, mentioned by Grunow in his accession book as present in sample 131, is examined with the SEM and an emended description is provided.
The Derodontidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, and Anobiidae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera: Bostrichiformia)
Authors: MAJKA CHRISTOPHER G.
Published: June 2019

The beetle families of the Bostrichiformia—the Derodontidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, and Anobiidae – in the Maritime Provinces of Canada are surveyed. Seventy-four native and established introduced species are now known to occur including 30 found in New Brunswick, 65 in Nova Scotia, and 29 on Prince Edward Island. Seven species are newly recorded from New Brunswick, 24 from Prince Edward Island, and 37 from Nova Scotia for a total of 68 new provincial records. A total of 31 species are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces as a whole, three of which, Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius), Ernobius filicornis LeConte, and Ernobius granulatus LeConte, are newly recorded in Canada. Two species, Ptilinus pruinosus Casey and Caenocara oculata (Say), are removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick, and one subspecies, Attagenus unicolor unicolor (Brahm), is removed from the faunal list of Prince Edward Island since no specimens or published records could be found to support their presence.        Additional records of six other exotic species intercepted at ports and points in the region, but not established here, are also reported. A specimen of the Palearctic Ptinus bicinctus Sturm collected in 1915 in Nova Scotia, establishes a new early timeline for this species in North America. The fauna of the region is distinguished by the very large proportion (37 of 74 species, i.e. 50%) of which is introduced. It is also distinguished by the large proportion (22 of 37 species, i.e. 60%) of the indigenous, native fauna that is apparently rare, perhaps as a result of the historical impact of forest management practices on these wood-boring, saproxylic species. The fauna is further evaluated from both zoogeographic and ecological perspectives.
New species and new records of Eriococcus (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Eriococcidae) from South America
Authors: FOLDI IMRE , KOZÁR FERENC
Published: June 2019

The adult females of five new species in the genus Eriococcus are described and illustrated: Eriococcus christopherus, E. longisetosus E. paranaensis, from Brazil, and E. maximus and E. venezuelaensis from Venezuela. In addition, the following are recorded for the first time: E. dubius (Cockerell), E. maximus and E. venezuelaensis from Brazil and Venezuela and E. rhadinothrix (Miller & González) from Brazil. The most widespread species was E. maximus, which was collected from Brazil, Paraguay and Venezuela. A taxonomic key is provided for the separation of the seven species studied.
The Meniscus midges of Costa Rica (Diptera: Dixidae)
Authors: CHAVERRI LUIS GUILLERMO , BORKENT ART
Published: June 2019

A revision of the Dixidae of Costa Rica indicates that 10 named species of Dixella are present, eight of which are described as new (described stages indicated): D. fernandezae (%), D. hansoni (%),  D. hernandezi (%), D. jironi (%), D. lobata (%, &), D. maculata (%, &), D. suzukii (%, &), D. woodi (%).  Two named species were previously known from Costa Rica: D. shannoni Lane (%, &) and D. venezuelensis Lane (%, &).  A key to the species of Costa Rica is provided and other similar Neotropical species discussed.  An overview of all Central American species is given.  Five of the 10 Costa Rican species were collected above 1200 meters in elevation, indicating that further collecting, especially at high elevations will reveal further species.  Five additional species from Costa Rica remain unnamed because they are represented only by females.  A total of 15 species of Dixella are therefore present in this country.
Taxonomic studies on the Bembidion (‘Cillenus’) complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae): A revision of the subgeneric taxonomy and description of a new species from Japan
Authors: SASAKAWA KÔJI
Published: June 2019

The supraspecific taxonomy of the coastal carabid Bembidion (‘Cillenus’) complex is controversial because a single ‘synapomorphy,’ a large head with long mandibles, may be the result of functional convergence. This study examined the phylogeny of B. (‘Cillenus’) complex based on morphological characters to revise the complicated taxonomy of this group. All type species of the genera concerned were included, and membranous parts of the genitalia (male endophallus and female vagina and spermatheca) were examined for the first time. Because all species are treated under the genus Bembidion Latreille (s. l.), Bembidion umi nom. nov. is proposed as a new name for Sakagutia marina Uéno. In the resultant tree, reciprocal monophyly of most traditional taxa was not supported, whereas a monophyletic group of the following seven species was relatively well supported: B. seticorne Lindroth, B. yokohamae (Bates), B. sumaoi Morita, B. aestuarii (Uéno & Habu), B. tokunoshimanum (Nakane), B. tsutsuii (Uéno), and B. yakushimanum sp. nov. Based on these results, the subgenus Desarmatocillenus Netolitzky (type species: B. yokohamae) was redefined, and two subgenera were synonymised with it: Novicillenus Uéno & Habu (type species: B. aestuarii) syn. nov., and Corallicillenus Uéno (type species: B. tsutsuii) syn. nov.. Bembidion (Desarmatocillenus) yakushimanum sp. nov. is described from Japan.
Zealantha thorpei gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand
Authors: ROHÁÑEK JINDÃICH
Published: June 2019

The first representative of the family Anthomyzidae discovered in New Zealand, viz. Zealantha thorpei sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Zealantha gen. nov. is diagnosed and its relationship to other known genera of Anthomyzidae is discussed on the basis of morphological features including characters of the male and female internal genitalia. Notes on the habitat association and distribution of the new species are given.
Revision of the genus Suljuktocossus Becker-Migdisova, 1949 (Hemiptera, Palaeontinidae), with description of a new species from Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: WANG YING , REN DONG
Published: June 2019

In this paper a complete specimen of fossil Palaeontinidae, Suljuktocossus yinae sp. nov. from Daohugou (Jiulongshan Formation) in Inner Mongolia, China is described. This new species is established based on both complete forewings and hindwings. According to this specimen, the diagnosis of the genus Suljuktocossus is revised. Moreover, based on the distribution of the genus Suljuktocossus, we consider the age of the Daohugou biota as Middle Jurassic
On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergesenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology
Authors: GRZYMBOWSKI YVONNE , STEMMER KRISTINA , WÄGELE HEIKE
Published: June 2019

A new sacoglossan species, belonging to the genus Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 is described.  E. kencolesi sp. nov. has a similar biology as E. endophytophaga Jensen, 1999. Both are living within syncytial algal tubes of members of the Siphonocladales, E. kencolesi sp. nov. in Boergesenia forbesii and E. endophytophaga in Struvea plumosa. Assignment to the genus Ercolania is possible on the base of the cerata, which are round in cross-section, the digitiform rhinophores, sabot-shaped teeth and the presence of a penial stylet. The new species can be easily distinguished from E. endophyto-phaga, by the teeth with a prominent cusp, as well as other Ercolania species, by its unique colouration and its peculiar association to the food alga Boergesenia. Feeding, copulation, egg masses and development are noted. Differences in development further strengthen the distinction of E. kencolesi to E. endophytophaga. Measurement of photosynthetic activity of incorporated chloroplasts during several days clearly shows that chloroplasts are digested.
Distribution of Heterocarpus laevigatus Bate, 1888 and Plesionika escatilis (Stimpson, 1860) along the Atlantic coast of South America (Crustacea: Caridea: Pandalidae)
Authors: VIANA GIRLENE FÁBIA SEGUNDO , RAMOS-PORTO MARILENA , TORRES MARIA FERNANDA ABRANTES , SANTOS MARIA DO CARMO FERRÃO
Published: June 2019

The family Pandalidae has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring from the coastal region to more than 3000 meters of depth, and includes some species of economic importance. Three genera occur from Brazil: Heterocarpus A. Milne Edwards, 1881, Plesionika Bate, 1888 and Pandalus Leach, 1814. During the collections of the Programa de Avaliação dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva of Brazil (REVIZEE, Northeast Score) a male of Heterocarpus laevigatus was collected in Pernambuco State, at a depth of 500m and fourteen females and four males of Plesionika escatilis were collected off the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia, in depths varying from 93 to 260m. These records supplement the information on the distribution of these species, and represent the first records of H. laevigatus and P. escatilis from the Atlantic coast of South America.
Spreadsheets to expedite taxonomic publications by automatic generation of morphological descriptions and specimen lists
Authors: MAGALHAES IVAN L. F.
Published: June 2019

It is now generally accepted that we are going through a major mass extinction event that is causing biodiversity loss at alarming rates (Barnosky et al. 2011). We also know that many species remain to be formally described (e.g. Huber 2014), and concerns have been raised as to whether we will be able to document these before they go extinct (Costello et al. 2013). On one hand, the number of recognized species increases exponentially (e.g. Agnarsson et al. 2013; Sangster & Luksenburg 2015). On the other, taxonomic descriptions are becoming more complete and detailed, which is necessarily more time-consuming, leading to an overall decline in the number of species described per taxonomist (Sangster & Luksenburg 2015). In this scenario, any method or protocol that increases efficiency in taxonomic descriptions is welcome.
Two new species in the genus Andronymus Holland, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)
Authors: SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS , BELCASTRO CLAUDIO , TROPEK ROBERT
Published: June 2019

During extensive field work in West Africa (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone), the authors collected two skipper species in the genus Andronymus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), which would not fit the descriptions of any existing taxa. Both are described as new, A. magma sp. nov. is known only from Cameroon, while A. fenestra sp. nov. was found in a few localities in the Liberian sub-region of West Africa.
Developing a Department of Transportation Winter Severity Index
Authors: Walker Curtis L. , Steinkruger Dylan , Gholizadeh Pouya , Hasanzedah Sogand , Anderson Mark R. , Esmaeili Behzad
Published: June 2019

Adverse weather conditions are responsible for millions of vehicular crashes, thousands of deaths, and billions of dollars per year in economic and congestion costs. Many transportation agencies utilize a performance or mobility metric to assess how well they maintain road access; however, there is only limited consideration of meteorological impacts to the success of their operations. This research develops the Nebraska winter severity index (NEWINS), which is a daily event-driven index derived for the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT). The NEWINS includes a categorical storm classification framework to capture atmospheric conditions and possible road impacts across diverse spatial regions of Nebraska. A 10-yr (2006–16) winter season database of meteorological variables for Nebraska was obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Information. The NEWINS is based on a weighted linear combination applied to the collected storm classification database to measure severity. The NEWINS results were compared to other meteorological variables, many used in other agencies’ winter severity indices. This comparison verified the NEWINS robustness for the observed events for the 10-yr period. An assessment of the difference between days with observed snow versus days with accumulated snow revealed 39% fewer snow-accumulated days than snow-observed days. Furthermore, the NEWINS results highlighted the greater number of events during the 2009/10 winter season and the lack of events during the 2011/12 winter season. It is expected that the NEWINS could help transportation personnel allocate efficiently resources during adverse weather events. Moreover, the NEWINS framework can be used by other agencies to assess their weather sensitivity.
Decadal SST Variability in the Southeast Indian Ocean and Its Impact on Regional Climate
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei , Wang Fan
Published: June 2019

The southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) exhibits decadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST) with amplitudes of ~0.2–0.3 K and covaries with the central Pacific (r = −0.63 with Niño-4 index for 1975–2010). In this study, the generation mechanisms of decadal SST variability are explored using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM), and its impact on atmosphere is evaluated using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). OGCM experiments reveal that Pacific forcing through the Indonesian Throughflow explains <20% of the total SST variability, and the contribution of local wind stress is also small. These wind-forced anomalies mainly occur near the Western Australian coast. The majority of SST variability is attributed to surface heat fluxes. The reduced upward turbulent heat flux (QT; latent plus sensible heat flux), owing to decreased wind speed and anomalous warm, moist air advection, is essential for the growth of warm SST anomalies (SSTAs). The warming causes reduction of low cloud cover that increases surface shortwave radiation (SWR) and further promotes the warming. However, the resultant high SST, along with the increased wind speed in the offshore area, enhances the upward QT and begins to cool the ocean. Warm SSTAs co-occur with cyclonic low-level wind anomalies in the SEIO and enhanced rainfall over Indonesia and northwest Australia. AGCM experiments suggest that although the tropical Pacific SST has strong effects on the SEIO region through atmospheric teleconnection, the cyclonic winds and increased rainfall are mainly caused by the SEIO warming through local air–sea interactions.
Brain age in bipolar disorders: Effects of lithium treatment
Authors: Van Gestel Holly , Franke Katja , Petite Joanne , Slaney Claire , Garnham Julie , Helmick Carl , Johnson Kyle , Uher Rudolf , Alda Martin , Hajek Tomas
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Bipolar disorders increase the risk of dementia and show biological and brain alterations, which resemble accelerated aging. Lithium may counter some of these processes and lower the risk of dementia. However, until now no study has specifically investigated the effects of Li on brain age.

Methods:

We acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 84 participants with bipolar disorders (41 with and 43 without Li treatment) and 45 controls. We used a machine learning model trained on an independent sample of 504 controls to estimate the individual brain ages of study participants, and calculated BrainAGE by subtracting chronological from the estimated brain age.

Results:

BrainAGE was significantly greater in non-Li relative to Li or control participants, F(2, 125) = 10.22, p < 0.001, with no differences between the Li treated and control groups. The estimated brain age was significantly higher than the chronological age in the non-Li (4.28 ± 6.33 years, matched t(42) = 4.43, p < 0.001), but not the Li-treated group (0.48 ± 7.60 years, not significant). Even Li-treated participants with partial prophylactic treatment response showed lower BrainAGE than the non-Li group, F(1, 64) = 4.80, p = 0.03.

Conclusions:

Bipolar disorders were associated with greater, whereas Li treatment with lower discrepancy between brain and chronological age. These findings support the neuroprotective effects of Li, which were sufficiently pronounced to affect a complex, multivariate measure of brain structure. The association between Li treatment and BrainAGE was independent of long-term thymoprophylactic response and thus may generalize beyond bipolar disorders, to neurodegenerative disorders.
Student, Neighborhood, and School Factors and Their Association With College Readiness: Exploring the Implementation of a Race- and Socioeconomic-Based Student Assignment Plan
Authors: Herberger Gregory , Immekus Jason , Ingle W. Kyle
Published: June 2019

In response to the Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education Supreme Court decision, Jefferson County Public Schools (JCPS) reconfigured the district’s race-based student assignment and implemented a race- and socioeconomic-based student assignment plan. Using hierarchical linear multiple regression, this study examined students’ backgrounds and school composition factors within a race- and socioeconomic-based assignment plan to determine their relationship with college and career readiness as measured by the ACT. We found that student race, participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), ACT PLAN performance, school composition, and neighborhood category were the largest and most consistent factors for predicting college and career readiness. African American students were at a disadvantage in each model compared with White students. Participation in NSLP was negatively associated with student performance compared with non-NSLP students, and PLAN scores positively predicted ACT performance. School composition was found negatively associated with ACT performance (Title I compared with non–Title I schools), and Category 1 and Category 2 neighborhoods were negatively associated with ACT scores compared with Category 3 neighborhoods. We conclude by discussing implications for policy, practice, and future research.
Outcomes of gender-sensitivity educational interventions for healthcare providers: A systematic review
Authors: Lindsay Sally , Rezai Mana , Kolne Kendall , Osten Victoria
Published: June 2019

Background:

Although gender plays an important role in health, most healthcare providers lack knowledge in providing gender-sensitive care. Offering gender-sensitivity training for healthcare providers can help to address gender-based health inequalities.

Method:

A mixed-methods systematic review of gender-sensitivity training programmes or interventions for healthcare providers was undertaken to assess their outcomes and to document areas for future research. Comprehensive searches of seven international databases were conducted for peer-reviewed literature published between 1998 and 2018. Eligible studies included at least one outcome related to gender-sensitivity training for healthcare providers.

Results:

Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies focused on gender-sensitivity in reducing gender bias towards men and women, and 15 studies focused on addressing the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) patients. Thirty-seven percent of studies showed a significant improvement in gender-related knowledge, attitudes or practice after the training. Multiple training methods were used to teach gender-sensitive care. Common content of the training included learning sex/gender terminology, understanding gender issues and inequalities in health, stigma and discrimination and communication skills. The duration and frequency of interventions ranged considerably. Sex differences in training outcomes also occurred among the learners.

Conclusion:

Review findings highlight that although gender-sensitivity training for healthcare providers is increasing, there is insufficient evidence to determine its effectiveness. Additional, more rigorously designed studies are needed to assess the long-term implications on learner behaviours and practices, especially across a wide variety of healthcare providers.
Thinking in place: Picturing the Knowledge University as a politics of refusal
Authors: Metcalfe Amy Scott
Published: June 2019

In a research context marked by performance evaluation and knowledge commodification, attempts to visualize a future Knowledge University might be understood as a “politics of refusal” in that an emphasis on multimodality (image/text) confronts assumptions about the form of academic critique, calling into question the “publish-ability” of such engagements. This essay asserts a different way of thinking about the Knowledge University in both form and function.
Engaging industry in curriculum design and delivery in public policy teaching: A strategic framework
Authors: Manwaring Rob , Holloway Josh , Coffey Brian
Published: June 2019

Public policy is frequently characterised as a sub-discipline of political science which is practically oriented and concerned with what government does and does not do. Further, policy analysis can also be characterised as concerned with either the analysis ‘of policy’ or ‘for policy’. This clearly has implications for the design and delivery of public policy courses. More broadly, higher education in Australia, like elsewhere, faces calls to ensure that students graduate with a range of skills and aptitudes that make them ‘job ready’ and able to engage with ‘real world problems’. One of the ways in which this can be pursued is through industry engagement. However, limited research has been undertaken regarding what this might entail or how it can be pursued. Accordingly, in this paper we explore these issues by: (a) situating engagement within the field of public policy; (b) reviewing how the changing context of higher education, with a particular focus on the drivers and rationale for greater engagement with industry, intersects with the teaching of public policy; and (c) providing a framework which helps to clarify the different modes, potential and risks associated with industry engagement.
Biomechanics of Long Cane Use
Authors: Wall Emerson Robert , Kim Dae Shik , Naghshineh Koorosh , Myers Kyle R.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

The modern long cane has been used by people who are blind for traveling for decades. This article describes parameters surrounding the collection of over 10,000 trials of people walking with the long cane to detect drop-offs or obstacles.

Methods:

The data include 10,069 trials representing 101 different participants in 366 conditions over 11 studies spanning the 9 years from 2007 to 2016. Each of the studies investigated different participant or cane characteristics or both in terms of their effect on either drop-off or obstacle detection. Results of detection performance in these studies appear in other articles. This article describes biomechanical measures derived from 3-D motion analysis equipment used during the studies.

Results:

Initial treatment of the large data set indicated that participants tended to not center their cane arc laterally on their body, deviating up to about 20 centimeters from midline. Arc widths averaged almost a meter, and arcs were generally centered. Participants were generally poor at being in step or having consistent rhythm. Coverage rates averaged about 85%.

Discussion:

Although participants might have demonstrated artificially high skill performance due to being in a research study, data do offer insights into mechanical performance of skills. This survey of the data set indicates that not centering the hand holding the cane does not decrease body coverage less than about 85%. However, further analyses will be conducted to delve more deeply into all aspects of the data.

Implications for practitioners:

Basic cane skills can be taught with short sessions and massed practice. Novices can acquire basic cane skills on par with cane users who are blind, but individual differences exist and the interplay of biomechanical variables needs to more fully understood.
Feasibility of Routine Assessment of Exercise Knowledge and Safety in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Roberts Alissa J. , Mitrovich Connor , Yi-Frazier Joyce P. , Taplin Craig E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This pilot study assessed the feasibility and satisfaction of an electronic clinical tool to survey management of exercise in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) for use in an outpatient diabetes clinic setting.

Methods

Fifty youth with T1DM were recruited (ages, 10-18 years; mean ± SD, 14.8 ± 2.4) and 11 diabetes providers. Prior to a clinic visit and with an electronic tablet, participants completed the Type 1 Diabetes Report of Exercise Practices Survey, which included 9 primary exercise management guidelines. Responses were flagged if contrary to guidelines, and automated individualized reports with personalized evidence-based recommendations were produced for providers prior to seeing the patient. Postclinic assessment surveys were completed by patients and providers.

Results

Out of the 9 guidelines, a mean of 4 ± 0.9 responses per patient were flagged as potentially unsafe. Ninety-one percent of providers took <10 minutes to review and discuss the report with their patients. Ninety-one percent of providers rated the tool as highly useful in facilitating patient education regarding exercise guidelines at that clinic visit. Fifty-six percent of youth rated the tool highly when asked whether its use altered their planned behavior around exercise. When participants were asked if such a tool should be used routinely in diabetes clinic, 64% of provider responses and 60% of patient responses were highly positive.

Conclusions

This electronic tool identified deficits in exercise management in youth with T1DM and improved education in the clinic visit regarding exercise, and a majority felt it feasible and desirable to include in routine outpatient diabetes care.
Not for the Faint of Heart: Assessing Physical Violence and Psychological Abuse against U.S. Mayors
Authors: Thomas Sue , Herrick Rebekah , Franklin Lori D. , Godwin Marcia L. , Gnabasik Eveline , Schroedel Jean R.
Published: June 2019

Despite evidence of abuse and violence against U.S. elected officeholders at the federal, state, and local levels, to date, no political science research has investigated the frequency, channels, and correlates of this phenomenon. Here, we surveyed mayors in U.S. cities with populations above 30,000 and found that mayors face physical violence and psychological abuse at rates equal to or greater than the general workforce, social media are the most common channels of these actions, and mayors in all types of cities experience violence and abuse. Nevertheless, mayors who are younger, female, in strong mayor systems, and in larger cities were more likely to be affected than their counterparts. Finally, with the exception of gender, the factors associated with greater likelihood of psychological abuse are not the same factors associated with experiences of physical violence.
Indirect Effects of Social Support on Psychological Health Through Self-Esteem in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Szkody Erica , McKinney Cliff
Published: June 2019

Social constructivist theory suggests that social support affects internalizing and externalizing problems by improving self-esteem. The differential impact of these variables has not been fully explored between male and female genders. The current study examined how different sources of received or perceived social support from mother, father, or a close friend affect internalizing and externalizing problems as explained by self-esteem in emerging adulthood. Emerging adults attending college ( N = 854, ages 18-25 years) were recruited to complete survey measures. For both genders, the perception of friend support was indirectly related to internalizing and externalizing problems through self-esteem. Received social support from fathers indirectly effected internalizing and externalizing problems in females through self-esteem but not males. Interventions during emerging adulthood aimed at increasing perception of support from friends may directly and indirectly benefit females in college. Further results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed.
Diaphragmatic palsy after cardiac surgery in adult and pediatric patients
Authors: Al-Ebrahim Khalid Ebrahim , Elassal Ahmed Abdelrahman , Eldib Osama Saber , Abdalla Ahmed Hassan Abdelsalam , Allam Amr Ragab Abdelaty , Al-Ebrahim Ebrahim Khalid , Abdelmohsen Gaser Abdelmohsen , Dohain Ahmed Mohamed , Al-Radi Osman Osama
Published: June 2019

Background

Important differences in the mechanism of respiration between adults and children warrant distinction in the management of diaphragmatic paralysis as a complication of cardiac surgery. We describe the management and outcomes of this complication in both groups.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients (5 adults and 11 children) with diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery performed between 2008 and 2018. Clinical examination, chest radiography, and confirmation with fluoroscopy in selected cases were our modalities of diagnosis. All adults were managed conservatively, whereas plication was performed in all children.

Results

The incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis was 0.98% in pediatric patients and 0.43% in adults. The mean age was 2.33 ± 2.59 years in children and 53.2 ± 17.99 years in adults. All adults were symptomatic. All children showed difficulty in weaning from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. The period of mechanical ventilation before plication was 2–6 days (median 4 days). Death occurred as a result of low cardiac output in a 10-year-old boy, and due to respiratory failure in a 30-year-old woman. Children were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation after diaphragmatic plication. The median time to extubation after plication was 2.5 days (range 1–13 days). The median period of recovery in adults was 52 days (range 32–85 days). All survivors had acceptable outcomes at 6 months to one year.

Conclusion

Conservative management in adults and early plication in children are viable treatment options for diaphragmatic palsy after cardiac surgery, with acceptable outcomes.