bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting The Choice of Core Earnings Management Tool
Authors: Manish Bansal
Published: October 2024

Prior studies document that managers manipulate core earnings through different methods to favourably influence the perception of stakeholders towards the operating performance of the firm. However, it is of interest to examine which core earnings manipulation method is preferred by firms because each method needs a different set of opportunities and incentives. The current study explores the methods of core earnings manipulation, namely expense misclassification and revenue misclassification in terms of opportunities and incentives. Results show that the choice of method largely depends on the size and age of the firm. In particular, results exhibit that large and old firms prefer revenue misclassification over expense misclassification for managing core earnings. This effect is found to be more pronounced among large older firms. Our subsequent tests suggest that Big Four auditors (Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers) have a constraining effect on expense misclassification, however, they are unable to mitigate the corporate misfeasance of revenue misclassification, implying the partial effectiveness of Big Four auditors in curbing classification shifting. These results are robust to the alternative measurement of misclassification practices and endogeneity issues. The findings have important implications for auditors, analysts, and accounting standard-setters.
CORPORATE SPONSORSHIPS AND ARSENAL F.C.S FINANCIAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Shrivas Samarth
Published: October 2024

This research highlights Arsenal Football Clubs strategic use of corporate sponsorships to enhance financial stability and global brand visibility. Key deals, including the Emirates Stadium naming rights and partnerships with Nike, Puma, Adidas, and PRIME, have transformed Arsenal into a commercial powerhouse. The clubs adaptability in leveraging innovative sponsorships, like the PRIME and Sobha Realty agreements, underscores the importance of strategic partnerships in modern football. Arsenals approach serves as a model for financial success and sustainability in sports finance.
THE NEW DISCOVERY INCLUDING THE PROTON CONDUCTANCE BASED NEW METABOLIC EQUATION, CLOSED 9 STEPPED CYCLE AND SYSTEM MODELS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Authors:   New Medicine Medical University, Ulanbator, Mongolia., M. Ambaga , A. Tumen-Ulzii ,   New Medicine Medical University, Ulanbator, Mongolia., T. Buyantushig ,   New Medicine Medical University, Ulanbator, Mongolia.
Published: October 2024

We made new discovery in the field of Biology and medicine by joining the three new conception as at first: new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary-8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH+matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance),at second : Closed 9 stepped cycle and at third: System models of the Human body. Closed 9-stepped cycle, proposed by M.Ambagameans that after completing all 9 stages, the system returns to its original state. The movement of protons is cyclic, with no net loss or gain of protons in the overall system, just a continuous movement within the defined cycle. The cycle being closed ensures that the process is efficient and self-sustaining, as it doesnt require new inputs from outside once the cycle is running. In biological systems, such cycles are important for energy conservation and regulation of processes like ATP synthesis. The disturbance,happened in the First stage of proton conductance: oxygen channeling to the mitochondria of 87 trillion cells oxygen channeling: oxygen has been assumed to diffuse across cell bodies very low oxygen solubility in the cytosol, reported High-solubility channels likely formed by the endoplasmic reticulum by hemoglobin-bearing cytochrome P450 molecules accelerated oxygen diffusion via lipid droplets lateral diffusion within mitochondrial membranes mitochondria release of hydrogen atoms, protons, and electrons from food molecules Krebs cycle under the influence of the ninth stage as release of oxygen from hemoglobin may be one of reasons of the pathological change of exergonic favorable reactions or spontaneous reactions, which no needed new inputs from outside, and self-sustaining as after completing all 9 stages, the system returns to its original state, which occurred including at first: new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary -8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH + matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance), Closed 9 stepped cycle and System models of the Human body.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE INTENSITY ON METABOLIC HEALTH IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD AND TYPE 2 DIABETES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Chintapula Nithin , C. Senthil , S. Valarmathi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are chronic metabolic disorders that are increasingly prevalent globally, posing significant health challenges. Both conditions are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and sedentary lifestyles, leading to severe complications such as cardiovascular diseases and liver cirrhosis. Exercise is a crucial lifestyle modification that improves metabolic health in these conditions, but the optimal exercise intensity remains debated. This study investigates the effects of different exercise intensities on metabolic health in patients with NAFLD and T2DM to provide insights for tailored exercise prescriptions. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 100 participants with NAFLD and T2DM, divided into two groups: MICT and HIIT, over 12 weeks. Participants were adults aged 30-65 years with confirmed NAFLD and T2DM, and a sedentary lifestyle. Exclusion criteria included other liver diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, severe diabetic complications, recent participation in a structured exercise program, and contraindications to exercise. Participants were randomly assigned to MICT or HIIT, with exercise sessions supervised by certified physiologists. Primary outcomes were liver fat content and insulin sensitivity, while secondary outcomes included lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, feasibility, and safety. Results: A total of 100 participants (50 per group) completed the study with comparable baseline characteristics. Both groups showed significant reductions in liver fat content and improvements in insulin sensitivity, with HIIT showing greater reductions (p=0.01 for liver fat, p=0.02 for insulin sensitivity). HIIT also led to more significant improvements in triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and inflammatory markers compared to MICT. Adherence rates were high in both groups, although slightly lower in the HIIT group, and dropout rates were comparable. Conclusion: Both MICT and HIIT significantly improve metabolic health in patients with NAFLD and T2DM, with HIIT yielding superior outcomes in reducing liver fat, improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing lipid profiles, and decreasing inflammatory markers. These findings support incorporating HIIT into exercise regimens for this population, highlighting its potential for greater metabolic health benefits. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability and broader applicability of HIIT and strategies to enhance adherence and safety.
SYNTHESIS OF SOAP FROM EDIBLE OILS USING A BIO-BASED CATALYST DERIVED FROM MUSA BALBISISANA COLLA AND A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Karbi Anglong, Assam, India., Dutta Trisha , Saikia Monmi ,   Department of Chemistry, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Karbi Anglong, Assam, India., Taro Longim ,   Department of Chemistry, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Karbi Anglong, Assam, India.
Published: October 2024

Soaps were synthesized by mixing various edible oils such as coconut oil, mustard oil, vegetable oils, olive oil, and soybean oil using banana ash of banana (Musa balbisiana Colla.) peel (BPA) as a bio-based catalyst. To improve color, odor, and other qualities controlled quantities of fillers, permissible natural colors, and fragrances were added. Soaps prepared from edible oils were compared with popular soaps in terms of several parameters such as % yield, TFM (total fatty acid matter) value, total alkali content, free caustic alkali content, pH, and acid value. It was found that the TFM value of edible oil soap is more than 65% for maximum cases two of them, which have been prepared using coconut oil and olive oil, have TFM value of more than 75%. According to BIS norms, these two types of soap can be categorized as Grade I soap, and the rest are Grade II soaps and it can be used for general bathing purposes. Also, total alkali content, free caustic alkali content, pH value, etc. were found within the prescribed value of BIS.
BEYOND SDG LOCALISATION: A POLICY ANALYSIS
Authors: Raj Bhardwaj Banshaj
Published: October 2024

In the wake of the transition from Millennium Developmental Goals to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the United Nations Agenda 2030, India finds a shift in policy focus towards integrating SDGs in policy planning and implementation. This policy analysis explores the effectiveness of this shift in the form of SDG Localisation. SDG Localisation addresses several challenges ranging from behavioural and planning to prioritisation. It incorporates local governance units in a nationally coordinated and locally- relevant policy planning. It attempts to see alternate governance approaches to solve diverse problems in India. This analysis utilises a comparative approach within four alternative models: Bottom-Up Decentralisation Model, Centralised Governance Model, Market-Driven Solution Model, and Sectoral Governance Model. It employs twelve criteria for the comparative analysis. The analysis finds that while the SDG Localisation Model is flexible to regional conditions, it suffers from a Top-Down state of decentralised decision-making in India. The Centralised Governance Model excels in nationally coordinated actions but lacks local responsiveness. Market-Driven Solution Model uses market forces to improve innovation but is unresponsive to equity and inclusiveness. The Sectoral Governance Model boasts a specialised focus on targeted goals but is ineffective in inter-sectoral policies. The policy analysis concludes that the Bottom-Up Decentralisation Model offers the most strategic Plan of Action towards localising SDGs in local policy planning. It recommends amplifying the focus on SDGs by prioritising them and improving educational indicators, improving bottom-up decision-making, and promoting experimentation.
ADSORPTION OF TEXTILE DYE ACID GREEN 42 (AG42) ON ACTIVATED CARBON FROM CHICKEN EGGSHELLS (CAC30)
Authors:   Department of Physics Chemistry, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Sanogo Djibiliour , Serge Pacome Bohui Gouegoui ,   Department of Physics Chemistry, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Meite Ladji ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.
Published: October 2024

The present work is a contribution to the valorization of chicken eggshells, an abundant waste product in Cote dIvoire, as a credible alternative to commercial activated carbon.Chemicalactivation of the precursorwascarriedoutwith30%phosphoricacidfor24h of contactin a ratio of 200 g of material to 100 mL of acid, and calcined at 600Â°C for 1h. The surface of the activated carbon obtained was studied using the BET (Brunauer-Emmett and Teller) method, which consists in establishing the adsorption isotherm for nitrogen N2. The results reveal a specific surface area of 5.42 m2.g-1, 65.68% of micropores and a pHzc of 7.40. Chemical characteristics determined by Boehms method indicate the basic nature of the surface. The elemental composition is dominated by oxygen(50.53%),calcium(30.78%)andcarbon(11.33%).The experiments demonstrated that the removalof AG42by adsorption on CAC30 is influenced by contact time, activated carbon mass, solution pH, and initial concentration and temperature of the dye aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm is described by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneous (Î”G < 0) and exothermic (Î”H < 0) nature of dye adsorption, with a well-organized distribution of dye molecules at the adsorption sites (âˆ†SÂ°< 0).
THE GENESIS AND GROWTH OF MODERN HEALTH CARE FACILITY IN MIZORAM
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. Hrangbana College, Aizawl, Mizoram., , Zarzoliana , V.L. Thlanga Samuel ,   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. Aizawl West College, Aizawl, Mizoram., Vanlalruati C. ,   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. J. Thankima College, Aizawl, Mizoram.
Published: October 2024

Until 1894, scientific health care facility was by and large non-existent in Mizoram (the then Lushai Hills), an isolated hilly state in North East India. In their secluded life, the Mizos maintained their own culture and their traditional belief and practices, language, Codes of justice and morality. It was the British administration and the Christian missionaries who introduced modern health care facilities in the state. The Mizos seems to have been quite receptive to the new system as a result of Christian instruction and the efficacy of the new system of health care.This paper provides an outline of the growth of modern health care facilities in the state since its inception till the dawn of the new millennium. It is desirable that the facility increases over time and should cater to the growing needs of the people with the increase in population and modern health consciousness. It also attempts to throw light on the Mizos traditional concept of illness and afflictions and their own system of treatment so as to get a keener insight into how societys attitude towards modern health care system has changed over time.
REVOLUTIONIZING MOBILITY: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF AI ON AUTOMATED VEHICLES
Authors: Gurnani Roan
Published: October 2024

Automated vehicles (AVs) represent a game-changing advancement in transportation, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to travel without human intervention. These vehicles, which range from advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to completely autonomous versions, rely on artificial intelligence (AI) to perceive and make decisions. Recent advances in sensor technology and machine learning have improved AV capabilities, but understanding how AI responds to various distance metrics is critical for assuring safe journeys. Hypothesizing that the more the distance the car is traveling, the more AI may be able to provide a safe journey for the passengers,this study seeks to investigate the complex relationship between distance and AIs ability to ensure AV safety. Investigating the physical, geographical, and temporal characteristics of distance can help optimize AV performance and reduce safety issues.
PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: GIANT LEAP IN COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Grade 12 Student, Calcutta International School, Kolkata, India., Ingty Agnihotri Pravar , Joshi Ajay ,   PhD Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin (USA) CPU Architect at Arm Inc.
Published: October 2024

There is a continued demand for increase in computing requirements from sensor, smartphones, to servers. However, the technology improvements in clock speed, power, and memory bandwidth from traditional electronic integrated circuits (EIC) has started to saturate. This has triggered further research in exploration of photon integrated circuits (PIC) that utilize photons (or particles of light) as opposed to electrons to form a functioning circuit. Research suggests that by integrating the benefits of EIC and PIC, one is able to harness the best of both worlds. The inherent advantages of photonics technology such as speed, energy-efficiency, and density, coupled with the advances in material technology, make them suitable to address the challenge of designing heterogeneous chips. This paper presents the fundamentals of the photonic technology, applicability to solving digital computing problems, ability to integrate into PICs, and its capability to complement electronic integrated circuits for powering the computing demands of emerging applications.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF STRIPED SNAKEHEADCHANNA STRIATA INHABITING OF THE RIVER KRISHNA
Authors:   Dept. of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510., P.V Krishna , P. Dedeepya ,   Dept. of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510., Sarma B.V.L Aradhya ,   Dept. of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510., K. Saroja ,   Dept. of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510.
Published: October 2024

The striped snakehead Channa striata is a highly commercial food fish and it has long been valued as an important fish but has become increasingly targeted, commercial fisheries due to demand for its nutrition. Currently, the fish population in the River Krishna undergoing a significant decline due to Natural, Anthropogenic stress, habitat destruction and unregulated fishing activities. To prevent this fish population decline, there is a need for comprehensive effort in the conservation and managing their reproduction. The objective of the present study was to investigate the reproductive biology of snakehead fish in the River Krishna. A total of 120 fishes were examined their reproductive stages are recorded. The findings revealed that the size of the fifty percent maturity at 30cm and gonads development started at 15cm. The peak spawning season was observed in month of August and followed by middle of the September, coinciding with monsoon season. The fish demonstrated a relatively high reproductive potential with fecundity ranging from 4,552 to 96,452 eggs depending upon the length. The study provides primary information on reproductive parameters of C. striata from the River Krishna which can be utilised for conservation and management of resources.
AI Tutors vs. Human Instructors: Perceptions of Higher Education Students in Hungary and Spain
Authors: Hajeer Ahmad , Papp-Váry Árpád , Pólya Éva
Published: October 2024

Integrating AI-powered tutoring systems in higher education represents a significant advancement in educational technology, offering personalized and adaptive learning experiences. This study investigates the perceptions and expectations of higher education students in Hungary and Spain regarding AI tutors. Despite extensive research on the technological efficacy of AI systems, there is limited understanding of student attitudes in these specific cultural contexts. This research aims to fill this gap by exploring student expectations, satisfaction levels, and perceived benefits of AI tutors compared to human instructors. To achieve this, a validated questionnaire was administered to 184 higher education students from Hungary and Spain, capturing data on various dimensions of their expectations. The study's findings indicate that students appreciate the adaptability and continuous guidance provided by AI tutors, with Hungarian students showing higher overall expectations compared to their Spanish counterparts. These insights suggest that AI tutoring systems can enhance the learning experience by addressing individual student needs more effectively. The implications of this study are significant for higher education institutions seeking to integrate AI technologies.
Digital Platforms and the Financial Feasibility of Halal Frozen Food Marketing: A Feasibility Assessment
Authors: Gandhi Prima , Yulianti Alma Sophia , Andri Kuntoro Boga , Dewi Sari Putri , Purbawan Ketut Wira
Published: October 2024

The Indonesian government issued a national policy of large-scale social restrictions in 2020 to 2021. At the same time, there was an increase in internet users in Indonesia which led to an increase in the use of the Tiktok mobile application. Both incidents made halal frozen food producers in Bogor market their products using mobile applications. Until now, there has been no research that calculates the financial feasibility of marketing halal frozen food using mobile applications. This study aims to determine the financial feasibility of marketing halal frozen food produced by PT XYZ  using the TikTok mobile application. The financial feasibility analysis in this study uses a quantitative method by calculating income and assessing investment feasibility based on cash flow in the form of an R/C ratio. Researchers conducted observations and interviews as data collection techniques. The research location and respondents were selected purposively. The types of research data used are primary data and secondary data. Based on the results of the study, the net profit received by the company increased by IDR 118,714,448 with an R/C ratio of 2.52, meaning that every cost incurred of IDR 1 will get an income of IDR 2.52. From the explanation above, the results of this study prove that marketing of halal frozen food at PT XYZ Bogor using mobile applications is feasible and profitable. The implication of this study is to recommend halal frozen food producers in countries with increasing internet usage trends to market using mobile applications in order to obtain maximum profit.
Gen-Z's Decision-Making: Impact of Attitudes, Knowledge, and Social Media on Halal Tourism Choices
Authors: Ilham Arifin Muhammad , Ismail Nurizal , Al-Ayubi Solahuddin
Published: October 2024

Halal tourism in Indonesia continues to show significant growth; however, there is still a lack of research that deeply explores how various factors influence Generation Z's (Gen-Z) decisions when choosing halal tourism destinations, particularly in Riau Province. With its rich cultural heritage and history closely tied to Islamic teachings, Riau Province presents an intriguing potential for further study. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of attitudes, knowledge, and social media on the decision-making of Gen-Z in the Riau Province when selecting tourism destinations that adhere to halal principles. This study employs a quantitative analysis method using the Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique. The analysis results conclude that each mentioned variable has a direct and significant impact on the Decision to Choose Halal Tourism Destinations in the Riau Province. The Attitude variable has a direct and significant impact on the Decision to Choose Halal Tourism Destinations. This explains that individuals' attitudes towards specific aspects related to halal tourism can influence the decision-making of Gen-Z in choosing those destinations. The Knowledge variable also has a direct and significant impact on the Decision to Choose Halal Tourism Destinations. This indicates that tourists' knowledge level about halal tourism destinations positively contributes to their decision-making in selecting those destinations. The Social Media variable also has a direct and significant impact on the Decision to Choose Halal Tourism Destinations. This illustrates that information or influence from social media plays a crucial role in tourists' decisions to choose halal tourism destinations. The government and tourism managers need to focus on awareness and education, strengthen social media management as an effective marketing tool, and enhance digital infrastructure. The concept of halal tourism and corresponding services, along with collaboration with local communities and religious leaders, are also key factors.
Development of Indonesian Halal Logistic: A Swot Approach
Authors: Rizki Darlin , Jadidah Wanti Nur , Al Afif Rafiq Azzam , Akhtiar Muhammad Najid , Athief Fauzul Hanif Noor
Published: October 2024

Increasingly, consumers are becoming more aware of and concerned about the products they buy and consume. However, products labeled as halal do not necessarily guarantee high halal quality, as there is a potential for contamination due to insufficient monitoring of the distribution chain by the relevant halal authorities in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of halal logistics, identify growth opportunities, and assess the threats faced, as well as determine the necessary actions for future development. Using a literature review approach, data were collected from search engine databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor Francis, and Wiley Online Library, and then categorized into four SWOT categories. The findings indicate that the strengths of halal logistics lie in the large population and broad market segments, while weaknesses include regulatory issues and the lack of specialized halal logistics infrastructure. Opportunities could enable Indonesia to become a leading producer in the global halal trade, despite challenges such as the rise of counterfeit products and the production burdens associated with halal schemes. The final section of the study proposes relevant development strategies for stakeholders in the field of halal logistics. This research provides a reference for policy formulation and assessing the readiness of business actors and public consumption preferences regarding the halal concept. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive halal logistics regulations to ensure standardization, compliance, and security, while leveraging Indonesia's demographic strengths to promote halal products in international markets. The novelty of this research lies in identifying Indonesia's specific strengths and weaknesses in halal logistics and proposing strategies to enhance Indonesia's position as a global leader in branded halal trade.
Determination of ecological flow based on probability distributions of annual and monthly flows
Authors: Feng Baofei , Zhang Xiao , Yan Fangjia , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Developing scientifically sound ecological flow is crucial for protecting river ecosystems. However, most of the existing hydrological methods for determining ecological flow make it difficult to consider both inter-annual and intra-annual changes in runoff. To compensate for this shortcoming, this paper proposes an innovative ecological flow determination method based on the probability distributions of annual and monthly flows. Marginal distributions of annual and monthly flows are first fitted, and the Copula function is used to create joint probability distributions of annual and monthly flows. Conditional probabilities for different monthly flow sizes under different annual flow conditions are then calculated based on Bayesian inference. The conditional probabilities are combined with the flow–duration curve-–based method to finalize the ecological flow process considering both intra- and inter-annual runoff changes. A case study was conducted in Jinsha River, China. The results show that the total annual ecological water demand of the Jinsha River is 1.50, 1.25, and 1.04 × 1011 m3 under annual flow scenarios of high, medium, and low flows, respectively, which provide a red line for the development of water resources and hydro-energy resources of the Jinsha River, as well as for the better protection of the natural plant and animal species.
Groundwater pollution by nitrate and salinization in Morocco: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sanad Hatim , Oueld lhaj Majda , Zouahri Abdelmjid , Saafadi Laila , Dakak Houria , Mouhir Latifa
Published: October 2024

Groundwater plays a critical role in supporting a wide range of human activities. However, it faces substantial challenges due to the growing demand for water and reduced precipitation resulting from climate change. Various studies have revealed the high vulnerability of Morocco's groundwater to contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources. This review focuses on assessing nitrate and salinization pollution in Moroccan groundwater, with a specific emphasis on the Gharb region. A comprehensive analysis of research conducted from 2010 to 2023, using reputable databases, underscores the pressing need to address groundwater pollution in Morocco, especially in the Gharb region. The results highlight the significant challenges faced by Morocco's groundwater resources. Agricultural practices and poorly designed irrigation systems are identified as primary contributors to nitrate contamination. Additionally, salinization in the region is influenced by factors such as seawater intrusion, hydrogeological characteristics, and irrigation practices. An integrated approach, combining laboratory analysis, remote sensing, geospatial tools, modeling, and geographic information systems technology, has proven to be effective in addressing the complex issues of assessing groundwater pollution due to nitrate and salinization. This survey presents a comprehensive framework for future research and decision-making processes aimed at achieving sustainable water resource management, preserving the groundwater heritage and safeguarding public health.
The influence of the industrial organization on farmers' willingness to adopt water-saving irrigation technologies: a perspective of organizational support
Authors: Deng Yashan , Lu Qian , Cha Jianping
Published: October 2024

Water scarcity and inefficiency hinder China's sustainable agriculture. Water-saving irrigation (WSI) technology, as a crucial means to improve water efficiency, has relatively low adoption rates. In this context, this study utilizes survey data from 1,178 farmers in the Yellow River Basin in China, employing both the Binary Probit model and the Iv-Probit model to deeply explore the influence and mechanism of industrial organizations on farmers' willingness to adopt WSI technology. Our study shows that organizational participation behavior and degree of organizational support can effectively enhance farmers' willingness to adopt WSI technology. Organizational support indirectly enhances farmers' willingness to adopt WSI technology by standardizing production, providing agricultural training, and being proactive in learning agricultural techniques. Furthermore, organizational support has a significant impact on farmers with low education, young age, large land management areas, and poor agricultural production conditions. Our study also found that organizational support and government support can play a synergistic role in promoting farmers' willingness to adopt WSI technology. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of industrial organizations, improve the governance structure of industrial organizations, strengthen the institutional guarantee of industrial organizations, and pay attention to the heterogeneity of farmer groups when leveraging the role of industrial organizations.
Structural Insights and Biological Activities of Furan-Based Drugs in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Authors: Mishra Avinash Kumar , Singh Kuldeep , Saha Sunam , Bhardwaj Harsh , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Shah Kamal , Kumar Shivendra , Jain Divya , Verma Hritik
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases present significant public health challenges, driving the
search for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review explores the neuroprotective potential of
furan-containing compounds, which are derived from various natural and synthetic sources. These
compounds are observed for their diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties. By scavenging free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress,
they address a key aspect of neurodegeneration. Additionally, furan derivatives modulate inflammatory
pathways, potentially reducing neuroinflammation, a critical factor in the progression
of these disorders. The review also highlights the impact of these compounds on neuronal
survival and regeneration, suggesting their role in promoting neurogenesis and enhancing neuronal
plasticity. Their interactions with neurotransmitter systems further support their neuroprotective
effects, particularly in maintaining synaptic function and neurotransmission. The potential
applications of furan-containing compounds are discussed concerning specific neurodegenerative
diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Insights from preclinical studies and in
vitro experiments underscore their therapeutic promise across various experimental models.
While still in the early stages of research, the evidence suggests that furan-containing compounds
could be valuable in developing effective interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
This review emphasizes the need for further investigation into these compounds to realize their
potential as neuroprotective agents fully.
Biomarkers and Novel Therapies of Diabetic Neuropathy: An Updated Review
Authors: Aziz Namra , Nehere Shital Vijay , Sinha Rishika , Satyarthy Rajeev , Prajapati Harshit , Panigrahy Uttam Prasad , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , Kumar Pankaj , Wal Pranay
Published: October 2024

Diabetic neuropathy is a persistent consequence of the biochemical condition known
as diabetes mellitus. As of now, the identification and management of diabetic neuropathy continue
to be problematic due to problems related to the safety and efficacy of existing therapies.
This study examines biomarkers, molecular and cellular events associated with the advancement
of diabetic neuropathy, as well as the existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments
employed. Furthermore, a holistic and mechanism-centric drug repurposing approach,
antioxidant therapy, Gene and Cell therapies, Capsaicin and other spinal cord stimulators and
lifestyle interventions are pursued for the identification, treatment and management of diabetic
neuropathy. An extensive literature survey was done on databases like PubMed, Elsevier, Science
Direct and Springer using the keywords “Diabetic Neuropathy”, “Biomarkers”, “Cellular
and Molecular Mechanisms”, and “Novel Therapeutic Targets”.Thus, we may conclude that
non-pharmacological therapies along with palliative treatment, may prove to be crucial in halting
the onset of neuropathic symptoms and in lessening those symptoms once they have occurred.
Ampullaviruses: From Extreme Environments to Biotechnological
Innovation
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tanani Mohamed El- , Alkaraki Almuthanna , Mishra Vijay , Mishra Yachana , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: October 2024

Ampullaviruses are unique among viruses. They live in extreme environments and
have special bottle-shaped architecture. These features make them useful tools for biotechnology.
These viruses have compact genomes. They encode a range of enzymes and proteins. Their
natural environment highlights their suitability for industrial applications. Ongoing research
explores ways in which these viruses can improve enzyme stability. They are also employed in
the creation of new biosensors and the development of new bioremediation techniques. High coinfection
rates and the ecology of ampullaviruses at larger scales can also reveal new viral vectors.
They can also help improve phage therapy. Here, we have explored the structure and function
of ampullaviruses. We have focused on their use in biotechnology. We have also identified
their characteristics that could prove to be useful. We have also pointed out key knowledge gaps
and bridging them could further extend the biotechnological uses.
Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: Exploring Translational Avenues for Therapeutic Approaches to Neurological Diseases
Authors: Mohan Maneesh , Mannan Ashi , Kakkar Chirag , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: October 2024

Nrf2, a crucial protein involved in defense mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress,
plays a significant role in neurological diseases (NDs) by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
NDs, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke,
epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, and autism, exhibit ferroptosis, iron-dependent regulated cell
death resulting from lipid and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Nrf2
has been shown to play a critical role in regulating ferroptosis in NDs. Age-related decline in Nrf2
expression and its target genes (HO-1, Nqo-1, and Trx) coincides with increased iron-mediated
cell death, leading to ND onset. The modulation of iron-dependent cell death and ferroptosis by
Nrf2 through various cellular and molecular mechanisms offers a potential therapeutic pathway
for understanding the pathological processes underlying these NDs. This review emphasizes the
mechanistic role of Nrf2 and ferroptosis in multiple NDs, providing valuable insights for future research
and therapeutic approaches.
Bridging the Gap: Quality by Design as a Catalyst for Enhanced Quality Management Systems in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Saxena Shivang , Saxena Shubhi , Diksha  , Patil Niraj S. , Ranjan Animesh , Singh Amandeep
Published: October 2024

The document emphasizes the importance of addressing key issues in Quality Management
Systems (QMS) to stay competitive and provide high-quality goods and services in a dynamic
market. It highlights the need to adopt novel quality management techniques for long-term success.
The fundamentals of Quality by Design (QbD) are discussed, tracing back to pioneers like
Joseph M. Juran and the Six Sigma concept for effective implementation. QbD is described as a
systematic approach focusing on risk management, Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), and
Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) to create products meeting predetermined quality standards.
QbD incorporates quality concepts into the development and production processes. Its goal is to
guarantee the quality of the product by determining and managing important factors. Manufacturers
can be flexible with it while still adhering to strict quality standards. It signifies a change in the
industry's paradigm.
A Brief Review-an Update on 1,3,4-Oxadiazole
Authors: M Yokkesh , AS Vishal Pranav , Chandurwala Sarah , J Vinethmartin , Arun Sowmiya , B Gowramma , L Kaviarasan
Published: October 2024

The 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus is a biologically necessary scaffold that exhibits a wide
range of pharmacological activities. The broad and strong activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and their
derivatives has established them as significant pharmacological scaffolds, particularly in the
treatment of cancer disease. A number of di-, tri-, aromatic, and heterocyclic substituted 1,3,4-
oxadiazole derivatives have been reported to possess potent biological activities; these substituted
1,3,4-oxadiazoles had different mechanisms of action and contributed to the development of biologically
active drugs. This review is intended to supplement previous reviews by reviewing the
literature on the different activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives from the last fifteen years.
1,3,4-oxadiazole can be produced in a number of ways and has a wide range of possible pharmacological
uses. As a result, scientists have created novel procedures for the production of 1,3,4-
oxadiazole derivatives and their use in medicine presently. Anticancer, antibacterial, antiinflammatory,
anti-HIV, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, antifungal, and other properties are among
the activities. In this review, we discussed various research works based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
synthetic procedure and assessment of different biological activities. Many researchers
may find the material on this page helpful, which could lead to the discovery of new medicinal
species for society.
Chemistry and Biotechnological Insights of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume: A Mini-Review
Authors: Kumari Anjna , Kaundal Rishabh , Roy Tina , Walia Yogesh Kumar , Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2024

Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume belongs to the Vanda alliance of the Orchidaceae family
and is mostly distributed from 300-1,500 m. It is traditionally practiced for the treatment of
health issues such as dysentery, pain, inflammation, arthritis, and, skin, respiratory, heart, kidney,
brain, and menstrual problems. R. retusa is also used in folklore claims to recover from tuberculosis,
vertigo, anemia, and bone fractures. Further, some of the traditional claims were scientifically
validated through preclinical (In vitro & in vivo) studies. With the view of tremendous
health benefits, the current study was focused on harnessing the information through search engines
(Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Medline, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Plant list, and Directory
of Open Access Journal) till October 2022 and compile them as a comprehensive review.
Therefore, detailed, comprehensive information on botanical distribution, ethnopharmacological
and ornamental values, chemistry, biotechnological interventions for smart cultivation, pharmacological
activities, conservation status, patents, and future perspectives of the R. retusa has been
compiled. The comprehensive review of the Foxtail Orchid (R. retusa) has unremarkable potential
and still needs to be explored from chemical, pharmacological, quality control, and value addition
perspectives. The review will help the orchid community as well as researchers and farmers
working on orchids.
Concerns and Safety Evaluation Indicators for Compatibility Study of Injections with Prefilled Syringe
Authors: Chen Chao , Jin Yuqi , Cai Zhiwei , Fu Shasha , Zhu Peixi , Ruhlmann Laurent
Published: October 2024

Prefilled syringe is a multi-component injector drug packaging system in which liquid
drugs are directly loaded for direct use by patients. It has two functions, drug storage and regular
injection, which belongs to high-risk pharmaceutical packaging containers. In recent years, more and
more injections have been packaged with prefilled syringes worldwide. However, no guidelines
about compatibility of chemical injections and prefilled syringes was set up. In current review, studies
related to the compatibility study was summarized. Structural composition, material composition
and production technology are analyzed first. After that, extraction test, interaction study and safety
study are summarized. Glass components, plastic components, seal elastomer components, other
components and materials, adsorption test and physical properties are the main focusing points.
Based on the studies mentioned above, together with the results of extraction test, migration test and
adsorption test, safety evaluation indexes could be formed. The current review aims to provide strategies
for the setting up of compatibility study guidelines.
Elucidation of DNA binding properties of transition metal ion complexes of curcumin: An In Vitro study
Authors: MK Divya Darasan , T Janesh , Selvaraj Stalin
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The present work aims to synthesize, characterize, and DNA binding properties
of copper, nickel, zinc, and iron complexes of a well-known polyphenol drug curcumin. The
metal ion complexes of curcumin's synthesized transition metal ion complexes were characterized by
UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR.

Method:

The complexation of curcumin with transition metal ion complexes changes the color of the
curcumin based on the metal incorporated. Moreover, the shift in the absorption maxima of curcumin
metal ion complexes may confirm the formation of coordination complexes. Then, FTIR results indicated
that the coordination of curcumin with metal ions in the ketone group of curcumin confirms the
formation of 1:2 (M: L) complexes.

Results:

Then, we evaluated the DNA binding properties of synthesized metal ion complexes of
curcumin using electronic absorption spectra and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicated
that the curcumin zinc complex exhibited less DNA binding constant among the four metal ion complexes
than all the other compounds tested, confirming its weak interaction.

Conclusion:

Moreover, all the compounds degrade plasmid DNA, confirming their DNA cleavage
activity. From our findings, these compounds will pave the way for developing new anticancer drugs
with less toxicity.
A Patent Landscape on Methane Oxidizing Bacteria (MOB) or Methanotrophs
Authors: Bokad Abhishek , Telang Manasi
Published: October 2024

Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) or methanotrophs are a category of bacteria
that rely on methane as their primary carbon and energy source. Methane is the second
most abundant greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and is comparatively far more potent
in trapping heat in the atmosphere. MOBs are important microorganisms in the global
carbon cycle where they play a crucial role in the oxidation of methane. The present review
provides a comprehensive patent landscape on technology development using
MOB. The first patent in this technology domain was recorded in 1971, with a notable
surge in activity observed in 2020. A detailed patent analysis revealed that the early inventions
were mainly focused on the production of various metabolites and bioremediation
using MOB. In the later years, patents were filed in the area of identification of various
species of MOB and their large-scale production. From 2010 onwards, consistent patent
filing was observed in the genetic engineering of MOB to enhance their methane oxidizing
capacity. The United States and China have emerged as the global leaders in terms
of patent filing in this technology space. Precigen Inc. and Exxon Research Engineering
Co., US were the top patent assignees followed by the University of Tsinghua and
Calysta Inc. The Highest number of patent applications have claimed metabolite production
by using MOB followed by their use in bioremediation. Methylosinus has emerged
as the predominant microorganism of choice for methane oxidation applications.
Enhancing Security in Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Using Deep Learning
Authors: D Baswaraj , S Palanikumar , Gopalakrishnan T , Chitra D , Eklarker Ravindra , Soumya E
Published: October 2024

Energy efficiency and security issues are the main concerns in wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) because of limited energy resources and the broadcast nature of wireless communication.
Therefore, how to improve the energy efficiency of WSNs while enhancing security performance
has attracted widespread attention. The transmission nature of wireless communiqué and the scarcity
of energy supplies make energy-efficacy and security major considerations in WSNs. Consequently,
there has been a lot of focus on how to make WSNs more energy efficient while simultaneously
making them more secure. To address this issue, this study presents a novel approach to
improving WSN security and energy efficiency—the DeepNR strategy—based on deep reinforcement
learning (DRL). To be more precise, the DeepNR approach suggests building a deep-neuralnetwork(
DNN) to adaptively learn the state information in order to approximate the Q-value. Additionally,
it accomplishes accurate network prediction and decision-making by designing DRLbased
multi-level decision-making to learn and optimize data communication channels in realtime.
As network conditions and attack patterns evolve, DeepNR modifies its approach accordingly using
deep learning models. By increasing network data speed by 25%, network lifespan by 30%, and security
measures by 20%, experimental results reveal that the suggested DeepNR exceeds the traditional
techniques.