bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient density: addressing the challenge of obesity
Authors: Drewnowski Adam
Published: October 2017

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide. Potential reasons include excessive consumption of sugary beverages and energy-dense foods instead of more nutrient-rich options. On a per kJ basis, energy-dense grains, added sugars and fats cost less, whereas lean meats, seafood, leafy greens and whole fruit generally cost more. Given that consumer food choices are often driven by price, the observed social inequities in diet quality and health can be explained, in part, by nutrition economics. Achieving a nutrient-rich diet at an affordable cost has become progressively more difficult within the constraints of global food supply. However, given the necessary metrics and educational tools, it may be possible to eat better for less. New metrics of nutrient density help consumers identify foods, processed and unprocessed, that are nutrient-rich, affordable and appealing. Affordability metrics, created by adding food prices to food composition data, permit calculations of both kJ and nutrients per penny, allowing for new studies on the economic drivers of food choice. Merging dietary intake data with local or national food prices permits the estimation of individual-level diet costs. New metrics of nutrient balance can help identify those food patterns that provide optimal nutritional value. Behavioural factors, including cooking at home, have been associated with nutrition resilience, defined as healthier diets at lower cost. Studies of the energy and nutrient costs of the global food supply and diverse food patterns will permit a better understanding of the socioeconomic determinants of health. Dietary advice ought to be accompanied by economic feasibility studies.
The Age of Reform as an Age of Consolation
Authors: Rittgers Ronald K.
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to provide a new way of interpreting the Age of Reform and its legacy on the occasion of the Protestant Reformation's 500th anniversary. Over the past several decades, many scholars have interpreted the Age of Reform through the lens of a “Discipline Paradigm.” They have stressed the centrality of social and moral discipline in the Age of Reform and its legacy for the modern world. This paradigm has inspired much important and original scholarship, and yet it has also failed to take account of significant aspects of the Age of Reform. This article seeks to revise and challenge the “Discipline Paradigm” by focusing on one of the most important and widespread practices of the period: verbal consolation. There was an unprecedented flowering of such consolation in the Age of Reform and yet scholars have largely ignored it in their treatments of the period. This article seeks to demonstrate how viewing the Age of Reform as an Age of Consolation can provide important new insight into the character and legacy of the Age of Reform, and, indeed, into human existence in the past.
The Politics of Ecumenism in Uganda, 1962–1986
Authors: Carney J. J.
Published: October 2017

In standard postcolonial political polemics in Uganda, colonial Anglican and Catholic churches have been castigated for fomenting and exacerbating Uganda's political divisions. These polemics overlook the growing ecumenical ties between Catholic and Anglican leaders that began in the 1950s and continued well into the 1980s. In particular, the shared experience of political oppression forged solidarity between erstwhile Catholic and Anglican rivals, especially during the Idi Amin dictatorship of 1971–1979 and the brutal civil war of 1979–1986. Drawing on an array of archival, oral, and secondary sources, this article offers a synthesis of Ugandan Christian leaders’ political engagement during the quarter-century following independence in 1962. I argue that church leaders in the 1960s embraced a politically quiescent, “social development” approach best embodied in the ecumenical Uganda Joint Christian Council. In the early 1970s, Anglican and Catholic leaders slowly withdrew from active collaboration with Amin's regime, embracing an approach I term “prudent recalcitrance,” entailing shifting stances of official silence, private lobbying, and carefully crafted written critiques. Finally, during the political unrest and civil war of the early 1980s, church leaders adopted a posture of “prophetic presence,” standing for and with the people in opposition to Milton Obote's increasingly violent state.
Henry Jacob, James I, and Religious Reform, 1603–1609: From Hampton Court to Reason-of-State
Authors: Morgan John
Published: October 2017

At the beginning of James I's reign, a petition campaign, the Hampton Court conference, numerous tracts, and considerable effort in Parliament all failed to overcome the king's adamant defense of the forms and practices of his episcopal church. In a milieu of deprivations and perception of declension, Henry Jacob, one of the organizers of the petitioning, denounced the illegitimacy and dangers of prelatical church government in several tracts between 1604 and 1609, advocated congregationalism, and outlined the basis for a second conference to bring continuing religious disputes to a close. In 1609, having achieved no success, Jacob turned away from scriptural arguments for reform and instead boldly adopted the novel reason-of-state political language to request “toleration” for politically loyal nonconforming Protestants. Jacob relied on “axioms of pollicie” and recent examples to demonstrate that necessity sometimes determined that toleration, while unpalatable, was the most prudent political course (as the new language had it). James's handwritten marginalia on this tract reveal his continuing antipathy toward any reform he believed derogated from his monarchical “interest.” The variety of arguments Jacob employed illustrates both the difficulties facing early Jacobean reformers and the often-unrecognized degree of flexibility and development in their thought and tactics. In asking for toleration as a royal favor, Jacob also illustrates the seventeenth-century nonconformist dilemma of achieving desired ends through doubtful means.
LATENT CRITICISM OF ANTHEMIUS AND RICIMER IN SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS’EPISTVLAE1.5
Authors: Hanaghan Michael
Published: October 2017

In latec.e.467 Sidonius Apollinaris journeyed from Lyon to Rome. An account of his journey appears inEpist. 1.5. Sidonius made his way to the city by boat and imperial post horses, arriving during the nuptial celebrations of the Emperor Anthemius’ daughter Alypia and the barbarian potentate Ricimer. The wedding linked Ricimer, who had held significant political power in the interregnum after the death of Libius Severus (461–465), to the new emperor in the West, Anthemius, whom the eastern Roman emperor, Leo I, had just appointed.
The origin of the ultramafic rocks of the Tulu Dimtu Belt, western Ethiopia – do they represent remnants of the Mozambique Ocean?
Authors: BLADES MORGAN L. , FODEN JOHN , COLLINS ALAN S. , ALEMU TADESSE , WOLDETINSAE GIRMA
Published: October 2017

The East African Orogen contains a series of high-strain zones that formed as Gondwana amalgamated. The Tulu Dimtu shear belt is one of these N–S structures within the Barka–Tulu Dimtu zone in western Ethiopia, and contains ultramafic bodies of equivocal origin. Identifying the petrogenetic origin of these enigmatic rocks provides evidence for the geodynamic significance of these shear zones. Owing to their altered state, these ultramafic rocks’ well-preserved chrome spinels provide the only reliable evidence for their source and tectonic affiliation. Chrome spinels have high Cr2O3(30.04–68.76 wt %), while recalculated Fe2O3(< 2 %) and TiO2(0.01–0.51 %) values are low. The Cr# (molar Cr3+/Cr3++ Al2+) and Mg# (Mg2+/Mg2++ Fe2+) have averages of 0.88 and 0.22, respectively. Based on olivine–spinel equilibria, the calculatedfO2values (FMQ +3.03) for the dunites reveal a highly oxidized environment. This spinel chemistry (high Cr# > 0.6 and low Ti) supports a supra-subduction origin, with an oxidized mantle source more refractory than depleted MORB mantle (DMM). These spinel compositions indicate that some ultramafic bodies in western Ethiopia, including those from Daleti, Tulu and Dimtu, are serpentinized peridotites emplaced as obducted ophiolite complexes. By contrast, the ultramafic rocks from the Yubdo locality have a different spinel chemistry, with strong affiliation with igneous spinels formed in Alaskan-style mafic intrusions. These collective results suggest that regardless of their origin as supra-subduction ophiolites or as Alaskan-type intrusions, these spinels were formed on a convergent-subduction margin.
Primitive stalked echinoderms from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Bang Song Tho, Kanchanaburi, western Thailand
Authors: PAUL CHRISTOPHER R.C. , BOUCOT ARTHUR J. , DONOVAN STEPHEN K. , ZHAN REN-BIN , TANSATHIEN WATTANA
Published: October 2017

The Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) echinoderm fauna of Bang Mueang Song Tho, western Thailand (Pha Phum group, Bo Ngam Formation(?)), includes rare thecae, and common thecal ossicles and columnals, and is dominated by ‘cystoids’. Cheirocrinid glyptocystitoids includeCheirocystellasp. (=Echinoencrinitessp. aff.E. senckenbergii(von Meyer)sensuWolfart), ‘Cheirocrinus’ sp. and Cheirocrinidaeincertae sedis. Hemicosmitoids are composed ofParacaryocrinites kochi(Wolfart), ‘Paracaryocrinites’ sp. andPolycosmitessp. cf.P. kaekeliWolfart. The aristocystitidSinocystissp. cf.S. loczyiReed is the only diploporite. Columnals ofBystrowicrinus(col.) sp. are probably crinoidal. The fullest determination of the echinoderm biodiversity of this site has been obtained using all specimens from single ossicles to articulated thecae. The limited taphonomic data suggests that the echinoderm assemblage is parauthochthonous. Other echinoderms described from coeval deposits in this region includeStichocystis thailandicaWolfart;Heliocrinitessp. aff.H. qualusBather (probably aLophotocystisPaul);Gomphocystites? sp. indet. (= trilobite?);Codiacystissp. aff.C. bohemicus(Barrande) (= bryozoan?);Aristocystis[sic] sp. A of Paul; and [non]Incertae sedissp. C of Paul (may not be an echinoderm).
Origin of exotic clasts in the Central-Southern Apennines: clues to the Cenozoic fold-and-thrust collisional belt in the Central Mediterranean area
Authors: ARRAGONI S. , FERNÁNDEZ L. P. , CUESTA A. , MAGGI M. , CIANFARRA P. , SALVINI F.
Published: October 2017

The Central-Southern Apennines are the result of the collision between Europe and Africa. Despite the volume of existing literature, many problems remain unsolved such as the presence of Tertiary conglomerates containing exotic basement clasts. The lack of basement rocks in the Central-Southern Apennines implies that the origin of these clasts has to be sought in areas where the basement is extensively exposed. These include the Calabro–Peloritani arc and the Sardinia–Corsica block, which in Cenozoic time were connected to the Central-Southern Apennines. In this work we present the results of sedimentary, geochemical and petrographic analyses performed on the exotic basement-derived clasts. These analyses include lithological, major- and minor-element and rare Earth element compositions which are compared to analogous rocks from Calabria and Sardinia basements. Results indicate Eastern Sardinia as the primary source area for the studied conglomeratic units, linking the Central-Southern Apennines sedimentary cover to the Mesozoic carbonates of Eastern Sardinia prior to the opening of Tyrrhenian Sea. The Cilento unit (Campania) was directly fed by an uplifting Cenozoic orogen, and the Filettino, Gavignano (Latium) and Ariano Irpino (Campania) units were produced by the successive reworking of ‘Cilento-like’ sedimentary units. These results may imply that part of the Central-Southern Apennines represented a portion of the European margin of the Tethys.
ON POWERS OF HALF-TWISTS IN M(0, 2n)
Authors: MASBAUM GREGOR
Published: October 2017

We use elementary skein theory to prove a version of a result of Stylianakis (Stylianakis, The normal closure of a power of a half-twist has infinite index in the mapping class group of a punctured sphere, arXiv:1511.02912) who showed that under mild restrictions on m and n, the normal closure of the mth power of a half-twist has infinite index in the mapping class group of a sphere with 2n punctures.
ON THE RESIDUE OF EISENSTEIN CLASSES OF SIEGEL VARIETIES
Authors: LEMMA FRANCESCO
Published: October 2017

Eisenstein classes of Siegel varieties are motivic cohomology classes defined as pull-backs by torsion sections of the polylogarithm prosheaf on the universal abelian scheme. By reduction to the Hilbert–Blumenthal case, we prove that the Betti realization of these classes on Siegel varieties of arbitrary genus have non-trivial residue on zero-dimensional strata of the Baily–Borel–Satake compactification. A direct corollary is the non-vanishing of a higher regulator map.
ROOTS OF DEHN TWISTS ABOUT MULTICURVES
Authors: RAJEEVSARATHY KASHYAP , VAIDYANATHAN PRAHLAD
Published: October 2017

A multicurve${\mathcal{C}}$ in a closed orientable surface Sg of genus g is defined to be a finite collection of disjoint non-isotopic essential simple closed curves. A left-handed Dehn twist$t_{\mathcal{C}}$about${\mathcal{C}}$ is the product of left-handed Dehn twists about the individual curves in ${\mathcal{C}}$. In this paper, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a root of $t_{\mathcal{C}}$ in the mapping class group Mod(Sg). Using these conditions, we obtain combinatorial data that correspond to roots, and use it to determine upper bounds on the degree of a root. As an application of our theory, we classify all such roots up to conjugacy in Mod(S4). Finally, we establish that no such root can lie in the level m congruence subgroup of Mod(Sg), for m ≥ 3.
Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries
Authors: Verkerk M M , Wagner R , Fishchuk R , Fagan J J
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.

Method:

Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.

Results:

Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.

Conclusion:

There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.
Argentine and Egyptian History Entangled: From Perón to Nasser
Authors: BALLOFFET LILY PEARL
Published: October 2017

This article presents an entangled history of Argentina and Egypt in the years surrounding the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. It combines diplomatic, migration and anti-imperial activism histories to delineate the intellectual and institutional links between these nations from the late 1940s to the 1950s – from the rise of Peronism through to Nasser's management of the Suez Canal crisis of 1956. Diverse Argentine social and political sectors saw parallels between the anti-imperial struggles in the Arab world and in Latin America. Though with differing and sometimes competing agendas, these groups learned and deployed the language of non-alignment and South–South solidarity in the escalating Cold War.
Women in Uruguayan Communism: Contradictions and Ambiguities, 1920s–1960s
Authors: LEIBNER GERARDO
Published: October 2017

This article examines the dynamics of women's participation in the Communist Party of Uruguay (PCU) from the 1920s to the 1960s. Despite its commitment to women's emancipation and to equality between men and women, the PCU's attitudes towards gender equality were often contradictory and its messages were ambiguous. Though it promoted women's participation, the Party oscillated between seeking to overcome social prejudices, upholding principled and dogmatic positions, and accommodating the conservative habits prevalent among the working class. Women were encouraged to take part in activities but not to assume leadership positions. The 1960s, ironically a period characterised by openness and political success, was a decade of regression in gender equality that stood in contrast to the Uruguayan Communists' long trajectory concerning women's rights.
Implicit knowledge of lexical stress rules: Evidence from the combined use of subjective and objective awareness measures
Authors: CHAN RICKY K. W. , LEUNG JANNY H. C.
Published: October 2017

Despite the growing interest in the phenomenon of learning without intention, the incidental learning of phonological features, especially prosodic features, has received relatively little attention. This paper reports an experiment on incidental learning of lexical stress rules, and investigates whether the resultant knowledge can be unconscious, abstract, and rule based. Participants were incidentally exposed to a lexical stress system where stress location of a word is mainly determined by the final phoneme, syllable type, and syllable weight. Learning was assessed by a pronunciation judgment task. Results indicate that participants were able to transfer their knowledge of stress patterns to novel words whose final phoneme was not previously encountered, suggesting that participants had acquired abstract and potentially rule-based knowledge. The combined use of subjective and objective measures of awareness in the present study provides a strong piece of evidence of the acquisition of implicit knowledge.
Analytic number theory for 0-cycles
Authors: CHEN WEIYAN
Published: October 2017

There is a well-known analogy between integers and polynomials over 𝔽q, and a vast literature on analytic number theory for polynomials. From a geometric point of view, polynomials are equivalent to effective 0-cycles on the affine line. This leads one to ask: Can the analogy between integers and polynomials be extended to 0-cycles on more general varieties? In this paper we study prime factorisation of effective 0-cycles on an arbitrary connected varietyVover 𝔽q, emphasizing the analogy between integers and 0-cycles. For example, inspired by the works of Granville and Rhoades, we prove that the prime factors of 0-cycles are typically Poisson distributed.
Major stopover regions and migratory bottlenecks for Nearctic-Neotropical landbirds within the Neotropics: a review
Authors: BAYLY NICHOLAS J. , ROSENBERG KENNETH V. , EASTON WENDY E. , GÓMEZ CAMILA , CARLISLE JAY , EWERT DAVID N. , DRAKE ANNA , GOODRICH LAURIE
Published: October 2017

Nearly 300 species of landbirds, whose populations total billions, migrate between the Neotropics and North America. Many migratory populations are in steep decline, and migration is often identified as the greatest source of annual mortality. Identifying birds’ needs on migration is therefore central to designing conservation actions for Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds; yet migration through the Neotropics is a significant knowledge gap in our understanding of the full annual cycle. Here, we synthesise current knowledge of Neotropical stopover regions and migratory bottlenecks, focusing on long-distance, migratory landbirds that spend the boreal winter in South America. We make the important distinction between “true” stopover—involving multi-day refuelling stops—and rest-roost stops lasting < 24 hours, citing a growing number of studies that show individual landbirds making long stopovers in just a few strategic areas, to accumulate large energy reserves for long-distance flights. Based on an exhaustive literature search, we found few published stopover studies from the Neotropics, but combined with recent tracking studies, they describe prolonged stopovers for multiple species in the Orinoco grasslands (Llanos), the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), and the Yucatan Peninsula. Bottlenecks for diurnal migrants are well described, with the narrowing Central American geography concentrating millions of migrating raptors at several points in SE Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama and the Darién. However, diurnally migrating aerial insectivores remain understudied, and determining stopover/roost sites for this steeply declining group is a priority. Despite advances in our knowledge of migration in the Neotropics, we conclude that major knowledge gaps persist. To identify stopover sites and habitats and the threats they face, we propose a targeted and collaborative research agenda at an expanded network of Neotropical sites, within the context of regional conservation planning strategies.
Essential and density topologies ons2-continuous posets
Authors: LU CHONGXIA , LI QINGGUO
Published: October 2017

Recently, Rusu and Ciobanu established that for a continuous domainL, a subsetBofLis a basis if and only ifBis dense with respect to thed-topology, called the density topology, onL. In situations where directed completeness fails, Erné has proposed in 1991 an alternative definition of continuity calleds2-continuity which remedied the lack of stability of continuity under the classical Dedekind–MacNeille completion. In this paper, we show how the ‘Rusu–Ciobanu’ type of characterization can be formulated and established over the class ofs2-continuous posets with appropriate modifications. Although we obtain more properties of essential topologies and density topologies ons2-continuous posets, respectively.
Organizing specialized production: gender in the medieval Flemish wool cloth industry (c. 1250–1384)
Authors: HUTTON SHENNAN
Published: October 2017

In the earliest centuries of the Flemish wool cloth industry, the lower-level, preparatory stage of wool processing and spinning was organized by a form of ‘putting-out’ significantly different from later forms in the industry. It took place in and around the cities or smaller drapery centres rather than in rural areas, and women were prominent as middle-level organizers, managers and small entrepreneurs, despite their marginal status in or exclusion from the craft guilds. Using small bits of evidence from Flemish regulations and contracts from the earliest documented period of cloth production, this article analyses lower-level organization through the lens of gender. It shows that the production of yarn was organized by a broad middling level of drapers and small marketsellers, who were women, men and husbands and wives working together. The gendered lens distinguishes this middle level, which was indispensable to the efficient production of wool cloth in medieval Flanders.
Embryonic development and larval growth of Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 (Characidae) and its implications for captive rearing
Authors: Maria Alexandre N. , Ninhaus-Silveira Alexandre , Orfão Laura H. , Viveiros Ana T.M.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to describe, for the first time, the embryogenesis and larval growth of the Paraitinga Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 reared in captivity. After artificial fertilization, eggs were incubated at constant temperature (~19°C) and collected every 15 min during the first 3 h and then every 3 h until hatching. Five larvae were collected daily over 15 days for evaluation of the length, yolk sac volume and specific growth rate. The following stages of embryonic development were identified: zygote, cleavage, gastrula, segmentation and larval. The hatching occurred after 50–54 h, with larvae poorly developed and fully depigmented, devoid of mouth and swimming capacity, presenting 6.32 mm total length and 3.64 mm3 yolk sac volume. The mouth opening was observed between days 3–4 after hatching. The yolk sac absorption was slow during the first 3 days, increasing sharply after this period, being completed on the day 11. During this period there was a decrease in the larval growth rate. After yolk sac absorption, an increase in the growth rate was observed that coincided with the start of exogenous feeding. Cannibalism was not observed during the 15 days of evaluation. The initial development of B. nattereri was slow and poorly developed larvae in relation to other Brycon species, certainly due to the lower temperature required for egg incubation and larval rearing. Other studies are needed in order to develop techniques to improve the methods of incubating eggs and feeding larvae.
Conditions of life and death of psychiatric patients in France during World War II: euthanasia or collateral casualties?
Authors: Lemoine Patrick , Stahl Stephen M.
Published: October 2017

Between 1940 and 1944, an estimated 48,588 patients resident in French psychiatric hospitals died of starvation. Standard prisons, while facing similar problems, did not experience the same number of deaths by starvation, partly due to their ability to develop a black market for food and rations. Patients in psychiatric hospitals, on the other hand, were completely at the mercy of their doctors and the personnel in charge. At Hôpital du Vinatier, a psychiatric facility in Lyon, the mortality rate increased sharply from 1940 to 1944. In 1942, the worst year, 42% of patients died of hunger and exposure. In the end, more than 2,000 patients died at Vinatier. Was this due to a supposed lack of rations, or was it something more sinister? In Germany at the same time, tens of thousands of psychiatric patients died of purposeful starvation in psychiatric hospitals as part of the Nazi program of psychiatric euthanasia. Was the same thing occurring in Lyon?
Expectancy Effects in Self-Help Depression Treatment: First Evidence that the Rationale Given for an Online Study Impacts the Outcome
Authors: Cludius Barbara , Schröder Johanna , Moritz Steffen
Published: October 2017

Background: Positive expectations play an important role in effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). The way a study is contextualized modulates prognostic expectations.Aims: The aim of the study was to test the effect of differing information regarding the rationale given to participants for a study on depression symptoms.Method: Sixty-nine participants with depression symptoms participated in an online study with two conditions. In random order, half were invited to participate in a treatment study and half in a cognition study. After completing the baseline assessment, participants received one of two self-help manuals. Post-assessment was conducted six weeks later.Results: Only about 64% of the participants were reached for post-assessment, and adherence was low. However, our results offer the first evidence that stronger improvements emerged in participants who were told the trial was a treatment study compared with a cognition study.Conclusion: Information given about the rationale for a study could influence symptom reduction in online treatments for patients with MDD. Future (online) studies should attempt to replicate these results.
Treating Sleep Problems in Young People at Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis: A Feasibility Case Series
Authors: Bradley Jonathan , Freeman Daniel , Chadwick Eleanor , Harvey Allison G. , Mullins Bradley , Johns Louise , Sheaves Bryony , Lennox Belinda , Broome Matthew , Waite Felicity
Published: October 2017

Background: Our view is that sleep disturbance may be a contributory causal factor in the development and maintenance of psychotic experiences. A recent series of randomized controlled intervention studies has shown that cognitive-behavioural approaches can improve sleep in people with psychotic experiences. However, the effects of psychological intervention for improving sleep have not been evaluated in young people at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Improving sleep might prevent later transition to a mental health disorder. Aims: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention targeting sleep disturbance in young people at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Method: Patients were sought from NHS mental health services. Twelve young people at ultra-high risk of psychosis with sleep problems were offered an eight-session adapted CBT intervention for sleep problems. The core treatment techniques were stimulus control, circadian realignment, and regulating day-time activity. Participants were assessed before and after treatment and at a one month follow-up. Results: All eligible patients referred to the study agreed to take part. Eleven patients completed the intervention, and one patient withdrew after two sessions. Of those who completed treatment, the attendance rate was 89% and an average of 7.6 sessions (SD = 0.5) were attended. There were large effect size improvements in sleep. Post-treatment, six patients fell below the recommended cut-off for clinical insomnia. There were also improvements in negative affect and psychotic experiences. Conclusion: This uncontrolled feasibility study indicates that treating sleep problems in young people at ultra-high of psychosis is feasible, acceptable, and may be associated with clinical benefits.
OIL PRICE VOLATILITY: INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND SPECIAL AGGREGATES
Authors: Elder John
Published: October 2017

Previous research shows that volatility in oil prices has tended to depress output, as measured by nonresidential investment, gross domestic product, and aggregated measures of industrial production in several countries. This paper investigates the effect of oil price volatility on disaggregated measures of industrial production. The disaggregated measures that we examine are the special aggregates by market groups as calculated by the Federal Reserve Board. Our results are reported for three categories of special aggregates: indexes for industrial production excluding two major industries (technology and motor vehicles), energy-related special aggregates, and non-energy-related special aggregates. Our results indicate that among energy-related market groups, the effects of oil price volatility are concentrated in activities related to primary energy generation and oil and gas drilling. Among non-energy-related market groups, oil price volatility affects a broad range of special aggregates, including aggregates sorted by consumer goods and business equipment.
DEBT POLICY RULE, UTILITY-GENERATING GOVERNMENT SPENDING, AND INDETERMINACY OF THE TRANSITION PATH IN AN AK MODEL
Authors: Hori Takeo , Maebayashi Noritaka
Published: October 2017

This study examines the effects of borrowing for public services that increase households' utility (i.e., utility-generating government services) in an AK endogenous growth model. We assume that the government has a target debt ratio. The European Union and the United Kingdom adopt such debt policy rules. We find that application of a debt policy rule into utility-generating government spending causes indeterminacy of the transition path. We point out that the level of the target debt ratio, the tax rate, and the household utility parameters are important determinants of indeterminacy when considering utility-generating government services.
THE WORST ARGUMENT IN THE WORLD – DEFENDED
Authors: Stapleford Scott
Published: October 2017

In this article, I argue that Berkeley's master argument is not the worst argument in the world – more like third or fourth.
ANIMALS, MORAL STATUS, AND THE OBJECTIVES OF MORALITY
Authors: Lindsay Ronald A.
Published: October 2017

Many philosophers maintain that a being's moral status depends on its capacities, for example, whether the being is rational or sentient. In the notorious ‘argument from marginal cases’, animal rights advocates make use of this received view by arguing that because infants and the severely cognitively disabled have no more capacities than many animals, animals have status equivalent to humans and are entitled to equal moral consideration. But although capacities may be relevant to moral status, they do not determine it. Ultimately, we need to consider the objectives of morality in determining what obligations we have towards any group of beings, whether they are aliens, humans, or animals.
IS THE VISUAL SYSTEM A BULL-SHITTER?
Authors: Tippens Daniel
Published: October 2017

In this essay I survey some recent empirical findings in vision science and show how they matter for philosophical issues in the epistemology of perception. First, I draw on some data which suggest that our visual system is a bull-shitter. Typically we call someone a bull-shitter when they don't care about whether what they say is true or false, they just care about some other goal – such as winning the argument. The bull-shitter will say some true things and some false things as long as they satisfy a truth-irrelevant end. Similarly, some empirical work suggests that the visual system, for truth-irrelevant evolutionary purposes, presents us with mostly illusory experiences which, while accurately conveying to us that an object is present, inaccurately attribute some properties to an object. Like the bull-shitter, the visual system presents us with partially accurate and partially inaccurate experiences for truth-irrelevant reasons. I then discuss what we would be justified in believing on the basis of our perceptual experiences, if our visual system is a bull-shitter.
A GUIDE TO LOGICAL PLURALISM FOR NON-LOGICIANS
Authors: Weber Zach
Published: October 2017

There exists today an infinite variety (literally) of formal logics, different systems with incompatible properties. One way to explain the existence of many logics is to posit logical pluralism: to suppose that there is in fact more than one correct logic. In this selective guide – designed for non-logicians – we look at some examples of how different logics come into apparent conflict with each other. Then we look at different ways of understanding the idea of logical pluralism. Our question throughout will be a basic one: does logical pluralism have any limits?
THE INCOHERENCE OF SOFT NIHILISM
Authors: Matheson David
Published: October 2017

As an evaluative view in the philosophy of life, nihilism maintains that no lives are, all things considered, worth living. Prominent defenders of the view hold that, even so, it can be all-things-considered better for us to continue living than for us to cease living, thus endorsing a ‘soft’ nihilism that appears more palatable than its ‘hard’ counterpart. In support of an intuitive assumption about what nihilism implies, I argue that soft nihilism is incoherent.
THE ORIGINS OF ADORNO's PSYCHO-SOCIAL DIALECTIC: PSYCHOANALYSIS AND NEO-KANTIANISM IN THE YOUNG ADORNO
Authors: BLOCH BRANDON
Published: October 2017

This essay examines one of the least-studied works in the philosophical corpus of Theodor Adorno, The Concept of the Unconscious in the Transcendental Theory of Mind. A retracted habilitation thesis composed in 1926–7, the text is often regarded as an exposition of the philosophical system of Adorno's teacher, Hans Cornelius, that bears little significance for Adorno's mature works. I argue that Concept of the Unconscious sheds significant light on both the historical origins and the conceptual underpinnings of the relationship between society and the psyche that Adorno would theorize over the course of his intellectual career. In this early text, Adorno articulated a dual critique of dominant neo-Kantian and vitalist understandings of the unconscious, turning to Freud for a more adequate account of the unconscious as a product of intertwining psychological and social processes. Adorno developed this dialectical understanding of the psycho-social relationship in numerous postwar writings on psychoanalysis.
Interpersonal Problem-Solving Skills, Executive Function and Learning Potential in Preadolescents with High/Low Family Risk
Authors: Mata Sara , Gómez-Pérez M. Mar , Molinero Clara , Calero M. Dolores
Published: October 2017

Situations generated by high family risk have a negative effect on personal development, especially during preadolescence. Growing up in the presence of risk factors can lead to negative consequences on mental health or on school performance. The objective of this study focuses on individual factors related to this phenomenon during preadolescence. Specifically, we seek to establish whether level of family risk (high vs. low risk) is related to interpersonal problem-solving skills, executive function and learning potential in a sample of preadolescents controlling age, sex, total IQ, verbal comprehension ability and the classroom influences. The participants were 40 children, 23 boys and 17 girls between the ages of 7 and 12, twenty of which had a record on file with the Social and Childhood Protection Services of Information deleted to maintain the integrity of the review process, and therefore, a high family risk situation. The other 20 participants had a low family risk situation. Results show that the preadolescents from high family risk performed worse on interpersonal solving-problem skills and executive function (p < .05, b from –119,201.81 to 132,199.43, confidence interval from –162,589.78/–75,813.8 to 84,403.05/179,995.8). Nevertheless, they showed the same ability to learn as the participants from low family risk. These results highlight the negative effects of high family risk situation in preadolescents and give value of taking into account protective factors such as learning potential when assessing preadolescents from high family risk.
Subjective Happiness Optimizes Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Filipino High School Students
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Valdez Jana Patricia , Cabrera Ian Kenneth , Salanga Maria Guadalupe
Published: October 2017

Subjective happiness has been found to be associated with key psychological outcomes. However, there is paucity of research that assessed how subjective happiness is related to a number of positive student outcomes in the educational setting. The objective of the study was to assess the associations of subjective happiness with academic engagement, flourishing, and school resilience among 606 Filipino high school students (mage = 13.87; nboys = 300, ngirls = 305, nmissing = 1) in the Philippine context. Results of path analysis demonstrated that subjective happiness positively predicted behavioral engagement (β = .08, p < .01), emotional engagement (β = .08, p < .01), flourishing (β = .17, p < .01), and school resilience (β = .18, p < .01) even after controlling for gender. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Core Self-Evaluations and Individual Strategies of Coping with Unemployment among Displaced Spanish Workers
Authors: Virkes Tihana , Maslić Seršić Darja , Lopez-Zafra Esther
Published: October 2017

Unemployment has negative but also positive effects on mental health and general well-being depending on which coping strategies the individual use. Our aim was to determine the contribution of core self-evaluations in explaining the coping strategies of job search and job devaluation, as well as to test the potential moderation effect of job search and mediation effect of job devaluation on the relationship between self core-evaluations and both positive and negative experience of unemployment. One hundred seventy-eight individuals who lost their jobs involuntarily for a longer period than one month completed a questionnaire while attending to employment office. Results show that there is a significant relation between core-self evaluations and job devaluation (.37**). Furthermore, core-self evaluations were positively related to positive experience of unemployment (r= .31;p <.01) and negatively related to negative experience of unemployment (r= .60;p <.01). Moreover, self-core evaluations predicted both coping with unemployment strategies (job devaluation; β = .26;p <.01 and job search β = .19;p <.05). However, job search did not moderate the relationship between core self-evaluations and experience of unemployment. But, individuals with a longer duration of the current period of unemployment and higher core self-evaluations had a more positive experience of unemployment, and job devaluation partially mediated this relation (SE= .002;p =.038). These results imply that programs interventions should include the improvement of core self-evaluations and the positive experience of unemployed people.
Target-Site Point Mutation Conferring Resistance to Trifluralin in Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Authors: Fleet Benjamin , Malone Jenna , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet
Published: October 2017

Populations of rigid ryegrass suspected of resistance to trifluralin due to control failures exhibited varying levels of susceptibility to trifluralin, with 15 out of 17 populations deemed resistant (>20% plant survival). Detailed dose–response studies were conducted on one highly resistant field-evolved population (SLR74), one known multiply resistant population (SLR31), and one susceptible population (VLR1). On the basis of the dose required to kill 50% of treated plants (LD50), SLR74 had 15-fold greater resistance than VLR1, whereas, the multiply resistant SLR31 had 10-fold greater resistance than VLR1. Similarly, on the basis of dose required to reduce shoot biomass by 50% (GR50), SLR74 had 17-fold greater resistance than VLR1, and SLR31 had 8-fold greater resistance than VLR1. Sequencing of the α-tubulin gene from resistant plants of different populations confirmed the presence of a previously known goosegrass mutation causing an amino acid substitution at position 239 from threonine to isoleucine in resistant population SLR74. This mutation was also found in 4 out of 5 individuals in another highly resistant population TR2 and in 3 out of 5 individuals of TR4. An amino acid substitution from valine to phenylalanine at position 202 was also observed in TR4 (3 out of 5 plants) and TR2 (1 out of 5 plants). There was no target-site mutation identified in SLR31. This study documents the first known case of field-evolved target-site resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides in a population of rigid ryegrass.
Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronischen Schmerzen: Aktuelle Konzepte der Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Wager Julia , Zernikow Boris
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung. Etwa fünf Prozent der Kinder und Jugendlichen leiden unter chronischen Schmerzen, die mit einer deutlichen funktionellen Beeinträchtigung einhergehen. Zum Verständnis dieser Schmerzen ist eine multidimensionale Sichtweise notwendig, die biologische, psychologische und soziale Faktoren integriert. Der erste Ansprechpartner für Kinder und Jugendliche mit wiederkehrenden Schmerzen ist der Primärversorger. Hier steht vor allem die Abgrenzung sekundärer von primären Schmerzen im Fokus. Bei chronischen Schmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter liegt häufig keine eindeutige körperliche Ursache vor. Eine übersteigerte Suche nach der alleinigen Ursache kann zu einer „iatrogenen“ Chronifizierung beitragen. Die weitere Aufgabe der Primärversorger liegt in der altersentsprechenden Edukation bzw. einer gezielten Überweisung zwecks weiterer Diagnostik bzw. spezialisierter Behandlung. Die sekundäre Versorgung kann bei schwierigen differentialdiagnostischen Fragen zur Abgrenzung und zur Optimierung der medikamentösen Schmerztherapie genutzt werden. Die Tertiärversorgung stellt eine spezialisierte multiprofessionelle, multidimensionale Behandlung für pädiatrische Schmerzpatienten mit besonders starker Beeinträchtigung dar, in der sowohl Ärzte als auch Psychotherapeuten, Pflegende und Sozialarbeiter die Versorgung des Patienten gemeinsam übernehmen.
Opiate – Fluch oder Segen? – Eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Schneider Tobias , Ruppen Wilhelm
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung. Opiate werden sowohl in der Behandlung von akuten als auch chronischen, häufig nicht malignen Schmerzen eingesetzt. Innerhalb der letzten 10 Jahre ist es weltweit, aber auch in der Schweiz, zu einer massiven Zunahme von Verschreibungen und Langzeitbehandlungen mit Opioiden gekommen. Neuere Zahlen über aus Opioid-Behandlungen entstehende Nebenwirkungen, Abhängigkeiten und auch Opioid bedingten Todesfällen haben uns vor allem aus den USA erreicht. Diese haben Opiate in den Fokus der medizinischen Untersuchungsbehörden gebracht und die Diskussion über eine Schmerztherapie mit Opiaten neu entfacht. In diesem Artikel geben die Autoren daher einen Überblick über den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand bezüglich der in der klinischen Anwendung relevanten Themen: opiatinduzierte Hyperalgesie (OIH), Einfluss der Opiatbehandlung auf Lebensqualität und Schmerzlinderung, das Nebenwirkungsprofil, Komplikationsrisiko sowie das Missbrauchs- und Abhängigkeitspotential einer Behandlung mit Opioiden. Zwei Beispiele aus der klinischen Praxis sowie eine Empfehlung für den Einsatz von Opioiden in der täglichen Praxis, orientiert an den Richtlinien des Universitätsspitals Basel, runden den Artikel ab.
A signature of enhanced lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and aldehyde stress in therapy-induced senescence
Authors: Flor Amy C , Wolfgeher Don , Wu Ding , Kron Stephen J
Published: October 2017

At their proliferative limit, normal cells arrest and undergo replicative senescence, displaying large cell size, flat morphology, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity. Normal or tumor cells exposed to genotoxic stress undergo therapy-induced senescence (TIS), displaying a similar phenotype. Senescence is considered a DNA damage response, but cellular heterogeneity has frustrated identification of senescence-specific markers and targets. To explore the senescent cell proteome, we treated tumor cells with etoposide and enriched SA-β-GalHI cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The enriched TIS cells were compared to proliferating or quiescent cells by label-free quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics and systems analysis, revealing activation of multiple lipid metabolism pathways. Senescent cells accumulated lipid droplets and imported lipid tracers, while treating proliferating cells with specific lipids induced senescence. Senescent cells also displayed increased lipid aldehydes and upregulation of aldehyde detoxifying enzymes. These results place deregulation of lipid metabolism alongside genotoxic stress as factors regulating cellular senescence.
Epigenome-wide association studies identify DNA methylation associated with kidney function
Authors: Chu Audrey Y. , Tin Adrienne , Schlosser Pascal , Ko Yi-An , Qiu Chengxiang , Yao Chen , Joehanes Roby , Grams Morgan E. , Liang Liming , Gluck Caroline A. , Liu Chunyu , Coresh Josef , Hwang Shih-Jen , Levy Daniel , Boerwinkle Eric , Pankow James S. , Yang Qiong , Fornage Myriam , Fox Caroline S. , Susztak Katalin , Köttgen Anna
Published: October 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Previous genetic studies have implicated regulatory mechanisms contributing to CKD. Here we present epigenome-wide association studies of eGFR and CKD using whole-blood DNA methylation of 2264 ARIC Study and 2595 Framingham Heart Study participants to identify epigenetic signatures of kidney function. Of 19 CpG sites significantly associated (P < 1e-07) with eGFR/CKD and replicated, five also associate with renal fibrosis in biopsies from CKD patients and show concordant DNA methylation changes in kidney cortex. Lead CpGs atPTPN6/PHB2,ANKRD11, andTNRC18map to active enhancers in kidney cortex. AtPTPN6/PHB2cg19942083, methylation in kidney cortex associates with lower renalPTPN6expression, higher eGFR, and less renal fibrosis. The regions containing the 243 eGFR-associated (P < 1e-05) CpGs are significantly enriched for transcription factor binding sites of EBF1, EP300, and CEBPB (P < 5e-6). Our findings highlight kidney function associated epigenetic variation.