bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Turnover Markers during Growth Hormone Therapy Short Stature Children Born as SGA
Authors: Alicja Korpysz , Maciej Jaworski , Skorupa Ewa , Szalecki Mieczysław , Walczak Mieczysław , Petriczko Elżbieta
Published: June 2024

Growth hormone therapy (GHT) can improve growth velocity and final height but can also accelerated the process of bone growth, which is related to structural bone modelling, both in formation and resorption. The study evaluated the capacity of bone turnover markers to predict early growth response to one year GHT in short stature children born as small for gestational age (SGA). 25 prepubertal SGA children were included. We have estimated P1NP (N-terminal procollagen type 1), CTX (C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I), P3NP (N-terminal procollagen type III), NT-pro-CNP (amino-terminal C-type natriuretic peptide) and Ca-P metabolism using standard ECLIA, IRA and ELISA methods. A statistically significant increase in bone resorption markers (Ctx ) was found both at 6 and 12 months. P1NP bone markers increased at 6 months and after 12 months of therapy. The P3NP marker of collagen synthesis also increased after 12 months of therapy. We obtained significant increases in phosphorus levels at 6 and 12 months and similarly ALP. We have found a significant correlation between height (cm) and Ctx after 6 -12 months as well as P1NP / height (SD) after 12 months. Calcium levels significantly correlated with height (SD) after 12 months.
We find a strong reaction of bone resorption and bone formation markers during growth hormone therapy that may determine their selection as prediction of GH treatment outcome in SGA children.
However, the issue requires further research.
Optimalisasi Perlindungan Hukum Hak Indikasi Geografis Produk Masyarakat Adat Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Rahayu Sri Lestari , Mulyanto Mulyanto , Prabowo Raffel Pradityo
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi perlindungan hukum terhadap hak milik tradisional berupa hak indikasi geografis (IG) masyarakat adat. Laporan ini juga mengkaji perlunya mengoptimalkan perlindungan hukum IG masyarakat adat demi kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penelitian sosio-legal, sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara terhadap narasumber yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini juga melakukan pengujian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan menganalisis data dan bahan hukum secara kualitatif dengan metode interpretasi futuristik dan hermeneutik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa urgensi perlindungan hak IG masyarakat adat mempunyai lima argumentasi: a) Masyarakat adat mempunyai potensi besar untuk menghasilkan IG yang unik berdasarkan kearifan lokal namun belum didaftarkan; b) IG mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi sehingga memerlukan perlindungan terhadap eksploitasi pihak luar yang tidak bertanggung jawab; c) Perlunya peningkatan daya saing komoditas IG; d) Pentingnya kemudahan menjangkau pasar internasional karena mempunyai reputasi dan jaminan mutu; e) Perlindungan hukum memberikan penghargaan dan insentif kepada masyarakat adat untuk memproduksi IG. Perlindungan GI terhadap masyarakat adat dioptimalkan melalui tiga cara, antara lain: a) Merumuskan kembali peraturan untuk memenuhi persyaratan perlindungan GI; b) Penguatan kelembagaan tripartit antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah serta masyarakat adat; c) Mengubah budaya hukum dan pola pikir masyarakat adat mengenai pentingnya pendaftaran IG untuk melindungi kekayaan intelektual kolektif.
Rare Variant of the Radial Artery Causing Compression of the Superficial Radial Nerve
Authors: Sayegh Michael J. , Keefer Joshua M. , Li Zhongyu
Published: June 2024

Case:

This case report describes a patient with paresthesia in the distribution of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve that was treated with surgery. Intraoperatively, there was a unique cause of internal compression by a rare superficial radial artery variant running adjacent to it. The nerve was mobilized from the artery with fascial releases. The patient had symptom resolution postoperatively.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this cause of compression has not been described before and should be considered in a differential diagnosis. In addition, clinicians should be aware of this anatomical variant during venipunctures and surgical approaches.
Overcoming Quality Control Challenges in Car Exhaust Manufacturing
Authors: Setiono Moch. Agung , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: June 2024

PT. XYZ, a manufacturer of car exhaust components, faces significant defect-related challenges, impacting productivity and market competitiveness, particularly in Europe. Over six months, 3.18% of 184,708 produced components were defective. This study aims to determine the sigma level of quality control and identify root causes of defects using the Six Sigma DMAIC method and Root Cause Analysis (RCA). Observations and interviews revealed human error, machine issues, improper methods, substandard materials, and environmental factors as key contributors to defects. The sigma level was found to be 4, indicating suboptimal quality control. Recommendations for improvement include SOP development, operator training, standardized production methods, regular machine maintenance, and 5S organizational practices. Implementing these could reduce defects and improve productivity.
 
Highlight: 

Defect Rate: 3.18% in 184,708 components.
Sigma Level: Evaluated at level 4.
Improvements: Implement SOPs, training, maintenance, 5S practices.

 
 
Keyword:  Quality Control, Six Sigma, Root Cause Analysis, Manufacturing, Car Exhaust Components
New Insights from an Old Method after History Matching a Newly Designed 1D Cyclic Steam Stimulation Experiment
Authors: Sequera-Dalton B. M. , Gutiérrez D. , Moore R. G. , Mehta S. A. , Ursenbach M. G. , García H. A. , Pérez R. A. , Rodríguez H. A. , Manrique E. J.
Published: June 2024

A cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) laboratory experiment was conducted with dead heavy oil. Four cycles of steam injection and fluid production were performed, at reservoir pressure, to assist in the numerical modeling and understanding of the main mechanisms involved in the process. This was an important step in developing a base model for a broader project evaluating CSS steam-hybrid experiments with live oil. Experimental data, history matching approach and results, as well as key insights are presented.

An experimental setup, originally designed to evaluate CSS hybrid processes, was improved by fitting a sight glass to identify the fluids flowing out of the opposite core end (into a ballast system), during injection cycles. Dead oil was used to facilitate the analysis of this experiment. Relative permeability curves were tuned to history match each cycle sequentially. Injection periods were matched before production ones to estimate the amounts of oil and water displaced to the ballast during injection (unknown, although total liquid volumes in the ballast were recorded continuously), which were later injected back into the core during production periods.

A 1D grid represented the core section, while the ballast system was modeled with a production well and an injection well. Experimental data such as temperature profiles, pressures, and rates were honored. A volumetric ratio of 40% water and 60% oil appeared to be the typical composition of the fluid received by the ballast during injection periods, based on simulation results. Fluids reinjected from the ballast back into the core were modeled as an emulsion (i.e., a water-oil mixture). Relative permeability curves were the same for injection and production periods within the same cycle, except for an increased critical water saturation during the last two production periods. One set of relative permeability curves was obtained for each of the four cycles. Although all the cycles of the CSS experiment were history matched successfully using water-oil relative permeability curves, the need to have different curves for each continuous cycle suggests that different flow phenomena were taking place during the CSS test. After reviewing different mechanisms associated with steam injection processes, it appears plausible that injected steam, after condensing to water, partially emulsified with the heavy oil in the core. Insights from this work suggest a need to rethink the traditional way of modeling heavy oil recovery with steam, where water-in-oil emulsion formation typically occurs.
Development of Oilwell Fault Classifiers Using a Wavelet-Based Multivariable Approach in a Modular Architecture
Authors: Dias T. L. B. , Marins M. A. , Pagliari C. L. , Barbosa R. M. E. , de Campos M. L. R. , Silva E. A. B. , Netto S. L.
Published: June 2024

Fault detection and diagnosis are fundamental problems in the process of abnormal event detection in oil wells. This paper describes an open-source modular system that enables the efficient design of fault detectors and classifiers based on machine learning techniques. Events considered in this work are part of the publicly available 3W database developed by Petrobras, the Brazilian oil holding. Seven fault classes are considered, with distinct dynamics and patterns, as well as several instances of normal operation. We also show the effectiveness of the use of wavelet-based features, which provide multiscale time-frequency analysis, targeting a more realistic event modeling. A few challenges imposed by the 3W data set are addressed by combining both wavelet and statistical features, resulting in more accurate and more robust classifiers, with a 98.6% balanced accuracy in the multiclass problem, a significant improvement over the 94.2% previously reported in the literature.
Trends in the Russian economy development during the new anti-Russian sanctions
Authors: Malkina M. Yu. , Balakin R. V.
Published: June 2024

Objective: to identify trends in the development of the Russian economy during the new anti-Russian sanctions. To this end, the paper analyzes the impact of the new sanctions on the budgetary sphere, the development of economic sectors and industries and the Russian regions.

Methods: the work uses data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Federal Treasury, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Economic Development), the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia), the Federal Tax Service (FTS), the Federal Customs Service (FCS), the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS). For their analysis, graphical, tabular, and analytical methods are used.

Results: the new anti-Russian sanctions caused significant changes in the structure of the Russian exports and trade balance. The reduced inflow of foreign currency put significant pressure on the ruble exchange rate, which created inflation risks. The devaluation was restrained by the Bank of Russia new currency regime. The favorable situation in the energy market in 2022 led to an increase in budget revenues. In 2023, economic growth resulted from an active fiscal policy supported by moderate monetary expansion. However, it was achieved at the cost of an increase in the budget deficit and public debt. The response of different industries and regions to the sanctions shock was heterogeneous. The development of certain adaptive strategies by economic entities, as well as the response of the authorities played an important role. The new sanctions regime prompted a revision of the state economy regulation paradigm. Dirigisme manifested itself in the increase of state orders, subsidies and other support for protected industries with one-time withdrawals of opportunistic revenues of big business. Monetary and fiscal policy gradually acquired a hybrid character. Direct and indirect price regulation became an important instrument of state regulation during the sanctions.

Scientific novelty: it consists in a comprehensive analysis of development trends during the new anti-Russian sanctions, their impact on foreign economic parameters, budgetary sphere, financial system, development of Russian industries and regions.

Practical significance: statistical information on various aspects of the Russian economy development during the new antiRussian sanctions was summarized and analyzed. The work can be useful to researchers studying the functioning of the Russian economy under sanctions, as well as to businesspersons for assessing the risks, opportunities and prospects of their businesses development, and to government agencies for forming an effective anti-crisis policy.
AI Without Networks
Authors: Mitra Partha , Sire Clément
Published: June 2024

Contemporary Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands on two legs: large training data corpora and many-parameter artificial neural networks (ANNs). The data corpora are needed to represent the complexity and heterogeneity of the world. The role of the networks is less transparent due to the obscure dependence of the network parameters and outputs on the training data and inputs. This raises problems, ranging from technical-scientific to legal-ethical. We hypothesize that a transparent approach to machine learning is possible without using networks at all. By generalizing a parameter-free, statistically consistent data interpolation method, which we analyze theoretically in detail, we develop a framework for generative modeling. Given the growing usage of machine learning techniques in science, we demonstrate this framework with an example from the field of animal behavior. We applied this generative Hilbert framework to the trajectories of small groups of swimming fish. The framework outperforms previously developed state-of-the-art traditional mathematical behavioral models and contemporary ANN-based models in reproducing naturalistic behaviors. We do not suggest that
the proposed framework will outperform networks in all applications, as overparameterized networks can interpolate. However, our framework is theoretically sound, transparent, deterministic and parameter free: it does not require any
compute-expensive training, does not involve optimization, has no model selection, and is easily reproduced and ported. We also propose an easily computed method of credit assignment based on this framework that could help address ethical-legal challenges raised by generative AI.
Lockdown-induced Shadow Pandemic: A Phenomenological Interpretation of Domestic Violence in Kerala
Authors: KT ATHIRA KRISHNAN , AHMED ATIQ
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Existing literature suggests that the COVID-19 restrictions led to a shadow pandemic wherein women’s lives were disproportionately affected. This study sheds light on the mechanisms through which COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have furthered violence against women, uncovering a distressing interplay of factors that exacerbate this "Shadow Pandemic. The goal is to provide insights for shaping effective intervention and support strategies, especially in the context of public health crises.
Methods: The research focused on exploring the phenomenological interpretive experiences of domestic violence among married women in Kerala during the COVID-19 lockdown. Narratives of thirty-five women victims of domestic violence were analysed and subjected to thematic analysis, yielding diverse emergent themes discussed under distinct headings.
Results: The findings revealed a spectrum of abuse including physical violence, psychological trauma, economic exploitation, and intimate partner violence. The study outlines key themes that have emerged. Marital Disharmony, Pseudo-Long Distance Relationships, Marital Rape, Domestic Labor, Compelled Coexistence, Vulnerability Exacerbation, Socio-Economic Disparities, Pandemic-Induced Isolation, Economic Fallout, Physical Abuse, and Joblessness are the major themes examined.
Conclusions: The lockdown-induced shadow pandemic has cast a distressing influence on women's lives. The intersection of a global health crisis and a surge in gender-based violence underscores the urgent need for comprehensive societal responses. As we navigate the aftermath of lockdowns, this study calls for the prioritisation of the well-being and empowerment of women, ensuring that they are not left behind in the recovery process.
Urban Greening with Biodiverse Perennial Meadows Improves Ecosystem Services in Human Dominated Landscapes
Authors: Paudel Shishir , States Sarah , Mainali Kumar
Published: June 2024

In urban landscapes, diverse perennial native meadows have widely been proposed as alternatives to traditional lawns, offering multiple ecosystem services. However, their comparative value for sustainable ecosystem services remains poorly understood. Using multiyear systematic field sampling, we compared plant species richness, soil nutrients, microbial functional groups, and trace metals between urban lawns and meadows. Results showed higher species richness in meadows, potentially providing diverse habitats for urban wildlife. Lawns showed higher soil organic matter, total carbon (C), and nitrogen (N), suggesting carbon sequestration potential. However, meadow soils had higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and lower plant available N, implying efficient N utilization and reduced leaching into groundwater. Additionally, meadows contained lower plant available phosphorus, potassium, and certain trace metals, demonstrating their ability to reduce the pollutants from leaching into the ground or surface water. Moreover, meadow harbored higher mycorrhizal fungi abundance and fungal-to-bacterial ratios, indicating enhanced soil health potential. Overall, urban lawns can sequester greenhouse gases, while meadows support biodiversity, may act as natural filters for excessive nutrients and pollutants, and improve soil health. Our findings highlight the need for sustainable management of urban green spaces to preserve biodiversity and maximize ecological and environmental benefits.
QTL mapping and candidate gene mining for sheath blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using QTLseqr approach
Authors: Thesiya Mayur R. , Lore Jagjeet Singh , Bhatia Dharminder , Kumar Sanjay , Hunjan Mandeep Singh , Jain Jyoti , Kaur Rupinder
Published: June 2024

Sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating disease that poses a major threat to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. In this study, next generation sequencing assisted bulk segregant analysis (BSA) integrated with R package i.e. QTLseqr was utilized to identify QTL regions controlling the sheath blight resistance trait. F3 mapping progenies for ShB resistance trait was derived from the cross between susceptible rice cultivar PR121 and resistant donor IET 22769. Based on sheath blight screening of F3 progenies under artificial inoculation conditions, fifteen resistant (20-30 cm lesion height) and fifteen highly susceptible (70-85 cm lesion height) progenies were selected. DNA of the selected progenies were extracted and bulked respectively to constitute ShB-R and ShB-S bulks respectively. The two bulks along with parents were sequenced at > 20 X read depth. A total of 11,45,820 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were used for QTL-seq analysis using QTLseqr package. QTL analysis identified five QTLs namely qShB1, qShB3, qShB5.1, qShB5.2 and qShB6 on chromosome 1, 3, 5 and 6, respectively for resistance to ShB. A total of 69 candidate genes were identified within the QTL regions including leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, coiled-coil nucleotide-binding and transcription factor protein etc. which might play a significant role in defense mechanism against R. solani. The identified QTLs and candidate genes can be further studied to understand genetics of ShB resistance in rice and to develop ShB resistant varieties.
Sleep restriction exacerbates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice by causing cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis through mitochondrial damage
Authors: Du Qingfeng , Zhang Jingyi , Zhao Xu , Tang Jing , Liu Ce , Zhang Yining , Cai Cheng
Published: June 2024

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus with a poor prognosis and is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Sleep deficiency is not only recognized as an important risk factor for the development of type 2 DM, but is also associated with increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. The underlying role and mechanisms of sleep restriction (SR) in DCM are far from clear. The KK/Upj-Ay mouse model of T2 DM was used as a study subject, and the small animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect the function of the heart; immunopathological staining was used to clarify the histo-structural pathological alterations of the heart; and TUNEL staining, qPCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ELISA kits were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, and related molecular alterations. SR led to a significant increase in mortality, cardiac hypertrophy, necrosis, glycogen deposition and fibrosis further deteriorated in DM KK mice.SR increased cardiomyocyte death in KK mice through the Bax/Bcl2 pathway. In addition to this, SR not only exacerbated the inflammatory response, but also aggravated mitochondrial damage and promoted oxidative stress in KK mice through the PRDM16-PGC-1α pathway. Overall, SR exacerbates structural alterations and dysfunction through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in DM KK mice, increasing the risk of death. Clinicians and diabetic patients are prompted to pay attention to sleep habits to avoid accelerating the transition of DCM to heart failure and inducing death due to poor sleep habits.
Evaluation of the Larvicidal Activity of the Fractions of Hyptis suaveolens on 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Babayi Hausatu , Garba Zainab U. , Olayemi Israel K. , Dawud Ibrahim , Mustapha Aisha
Published: June 2024

Mosquitoes are important vectors that transmit many communicable diseases throughout the world. Billions of people face major health concern throughout the world due to vector borne diseases. Synthetic insecticides such as organophosphate and pyrethroids are commonly used for their control. However, insecticidal compounds from natural sources, such as plants are promising tools for managing vectors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens on Culex quinquefasciatus. Extraction of the plant using hexane and ethyl acetate yielded hexane (coded A) and ethylacetate (coded B) leaf extracts. Extract B which attained 100% mortality at 24 hours of exposing the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus (in a previous study) was further fractionated to obtain 5 fractions coded B1-B5. Crude ethylacetate leaf extract of H. suaveolens and its fractions were evaluated for their potentials in vector control of mosquito-borne diseases using World Health Organization’s recommended protocols for testing the efficacy of insecticides. Crude extract at 0.066g/ml attained 100% mortality and complete inhibition of pupation as well as inhibition of adult emergence of the larvae after 72 hours while that of the fractions B1-B5 was at 0.055g/ml and 0.066g/ml after 24 hours of larval exposure to the extract respectively. Fraction B1 was most potent. The mean LC50 and LC90 were 0.046 and 0.461, 0.250 and 0.501, 0.040 and 0.478, 0.185 and 0.730, 0.038 and 0.374, 0.080 and 0.401 of crude extract and its fractions respectively. The values of R2 (coefficient of determination) obtained indicated the rate of mortality linearly increased with increasing dose. The phytochemical constituents detected were alkaloids, anthraquinones, balsams, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, volatile oils and flavonoids. The present study revealed the potential of fractions of H. suaveolens in controlling vector borne diseases (Avian malaria, West nile virus, St. Louis and Japanese encephalitis).
Trends in induction of labour and associated co-morbidities and demographics in Queensland, Australia from 2001 – 2021: A population-based study
Authors: Lee Nigel , Ballard Emma , Humphrey Tracy
Published: June 2024

Background
Amongst women who plan a vaginal birth at term, previous studies have reported that rates of induction of labour are increasing potentially impacting other labour and birth outcomes. Indications for induction of labour (IOL) have changed over time though the influences of parity and demographic factors such as age, ethnicity and regionality are not often considered. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in demographic, co-morbidity, IOL indication and clinical outcomes in women undertaking a planned cephalic vaginal birth at term over a 20 year period.
Methods
A retrospective population-based study was undertaken using routinely collected anonymised perinatal data from Queensland, Australia from January 2001 to December 2020. We included all singleton term (≥ 37 weeks) planned vaginal births. A total of 836,065 births met the study criteria. Data for pregnancy complications and IOL indications were grouped by ICD-10 codes. Categorical data was analysed and stratified by parity with percent changes over time calculated for all variables.
Results
Rates of IOL increased by 13% (34.1–47.1%) in nulliparous and 11.5% (29.3–40.8%) in multiparous women, most notable from 2015 onwards. During the study period the percentage of infants born between 37 and 38 weeks gestation increased by 13.9%. Amongst co-morbidities diabetes increased from 3.8–12.8% and anaemia from 2.3–8.1%. As an indication for IOL prolonged pregnancy decreased from 41.0–11.2%. In nulliparous women the percentage of intact perineum decreased from 21.3–6.7% while episiotomy increased from 20.2–38.8%.
Conclusions
We conclude that for women planning a vaginal birth not only has the rate of IOL increased substantially over the last two decades there also appears to be considerable interaction between demographic, co-morbidity, IOL indications and clinical outcomes that warrants further large population-based research.
Early clinical outcomes and learning curve study of robot- assisted precision osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty in the context of ERAS
Authors: Wang Mingyou , Wang Hongping , Tang Zhuodong , Tao Qifeng , Wang Mingli , Lan Ruiqi , Chen Chunyu , Lan Yuping
Published: June 2024

Objective: To compare the early clinical outcomes of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty (CM-TKA) and analyze their learning curves.
Methods: Patients who underwent initial unilateral total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee in Panzhihua Central Hospital from June to November 2023 were included. 130 patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A underwent total knee arthroplasty with HURWA Orthopaedic System (65 cases), and group B patients were performed using conventional tools (65 cases). Basic data, surgical information, imaging data and postoperative function were compared between the two groups. Surgical time was analyzed by cumulative sum analysis method (CUSUM), and the goodness of fit was judged by R².
Results: Baseline data were consistent between the two groups, the FFC of the patients in group A was closer to 90° than group B, the LTC was concentrated at 87° and HKA was concentrated at 180°. There was no significant difference in inflammatory indicators and perioperative blood loss. Respectively, 7.80% (groups A) vs 9.52% (groups B) of the patients developed lower extremity intermuscular venous thrombosis, but there was no difference in knee function, pain and satisfaction.The operation time of group A was about 11.3 min longer than group B. The learning curve was best fitted as a cubic curve, and the fitted curve reached its apex when the number of surgical cases accumulated to the 22nd case. During the whole learning curve, no surgical termination or accidental injury caused by the failure of the robotic system occurred, and none of them suffered from serious complications such as infections, periprosthetic fracture, cardiac and cerebral vascular accidents, and so on.
Conclusion: HURWA robot-assisted TKA with learning curve fixation in about 22 cases can obtain good lower limb force line reconstruction and precise implantation of prosthesis, which is a safe and effective surgical procedure for osteoarthritis of the knee.
The Effects of serum glucose level on the association of between serum lactate level and acute kidney injury among critical patient with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yu Chunli , Yao Weiguo , Liu Kun , Tang Dingzhong
Published: June 2024

Background: Serum lactate level has been confirmed to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in many diseases. However, the correlation between serum lactate level and AKI in critical patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been unclear. Moreover, limited studies have examined the mediating effect of serum glucose on the association between Serum lactate and AKI.
Methods: We identified 1,435 AIS patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database and divided them into AKI or No-AKI groups. We used a propensity score matching (PSM) method to reduce confounding. Linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to evaluate relationships between blood lactate levels and serum glucose, serum lactate, as well as AKI. Finally, the mediating role of serum glucose on the relationship between serum lactate and AKI was investigated utilizing the mediation analysis.
Results: In the present study, a total of 634 critical patients with AIS aged ≥18 years were included after propensity score matching (1:1). we use RCS plot to reveal a linear association of between serum lactate levels and AKI and between serum glucose levels and serum lactate levels (all P for nonlinear <0.001). After full adjustment for potential confounders (Model 3), serum glucose was positively correlated to serum lactate level (β=0.004, 95% CI: 0.003-0.006, P-value <0.001). High lactate level increased the risk of AKI (OR, 2.216; 95% CI, 1.559-3.271; P-value <0.001). Serum glucose explained 14.9% of the association between serum lactate and AKI among critical patients with AIS (P-value <0.001), 16.4% among patients with AIS and DM (P-value =0.24), and 19.5% among patients with AIS and without DM (P-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Serum lactate acid was independently associated with increased risk-adjusted AKI in critical patients with AIS. The increase in serum glucose may have mediated this effect, especially in patients without DM.
Gambogic Acid Suppresses Osteosarcoma Progression Through Upregulation of FOXO3a
Authors: Hu Yawei , Zhang Hao , Guo Zengfeng , Han Xiaohong , Wu Jiawen , Ye Songqing
Published: June 2024

Background
Osteosarcoma is a prevalent bone cancer in children and adolescents, posing significant treatment challenges due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to traditional chemotherapy. Gambogic Acid (GA) has been studied for its potential anticancer effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
Methods
This study evaluated the effects of GA on osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and U2OS. We conducted cell viability assays, proliferation tests, and wound healing assays to assess the impact of GA on tumor cell behavior. Additionally, molecular analyses including RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR were performed to examine changes in gene expression, specifically focusing on the tumor suppressor transcription factor FOXO3a. We also explored the consequences of FOXO3a knockdown to understand its role in GA's mechanism of action.
Results
GA treatment significantly reduced cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation in both 143B and U2OS cell lines. It also hindered cell migration, demonstrating its potential to impede cancer cell dissemination. Molecular analysis revealed a significant upregulation of FOXO3a following GA treatment, highlighting its crucial role in mediating GA’s anticancer effects. Knockdown studies indicated that the absence of FOXO3a reduced the efficacy of GA, confirming the importance of this transcription factor in GA’s antitumor activity.
Conclusions
The findings from this study suggest that GA, with its low toxicity profile, could serve as a viable alternative to conventional chemotherapy for osteosarcoma treatment. GA's ability to regulate tumor suppressor pathways, particularly through the modulation of FOXO3a, offers new insights into potential cancer treatment strategies using natural compounds. Further research is needed to elucidate the interactive mechanisms between GA and FOXO3a and to develop more effective therapeutic modalities based on this interaction.
Plasma levels of neuron/glia-derived apoptotic bodies, an in vivo biomarker of apoptosis, predicts infarct growth and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Díaz-Maroto Inmaculada , Castro-Robles Beatriz , Villar Miguel , García-García Jorge , Ayo-Martín Óscar , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Segura Tomás
Published: June 2024

Evidence demonstrating the involvement of apoptosis in the death of the potentially salvageable area (penumbra zone) in patients during stroke remains limited. Our aim was to investigate whether apoptotic processes occur in penumbral brain tissue by analyzing circulating neuron- and glia-derived apoptotic bodies (CNS-ApBs), which are vesicles released into the bloodstream during the late stage of apoptosis. We have also assessed the clinical utility of plasma neuronal and glial apoptotic bodies in predicting early neurological evolution and functional outcome. The study included a total of 71 patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke (73 ± 10 years; 30 women). Blood samples were collected from these patients immediately upon arrival at the hospital (within 9 hours) and at 24 and 72 hours after symptom onset. Subsequently, isolation, quantification, and phenotypic characterization of CNS-ApBs during the first 72h post-stroke were performed using centrifugation and flow cytometry techniques. We found a correlation between infarct growth and final infarct size with the amount of plasma CNS-ApBs detected in the first 72h after stroke. In addition, patients with neurological worsening (progressive ischemic stroke), had higher plasma levels of CNS-ApBs at 24h after symptom onset than those with a stable or improving course. Circulating CNS-ApBs concentration was further associated with patients' functional prognosis. In conclusion, apoptosis may play an important role in the growth of the cerebral infarct area and plasma CNS-ApBs quantification could be used as a predictive marker of penumbra death, neurological deterioration and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.
Large granular lymphocytosis post allogenic bone marrow transplantation is associated with better outcome - A large retrospective single center analysis
Authors: Viswabandya Auro , stavi vered , Atenafu Eshetu , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Kim Dennis , Michelis Fotios , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Pasic Ivan , Lipton Jeffrey , Mattsson Jonas , Gerbitz Armin , Kumar Rajat
Published: June 2024

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) are seen in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) and it has a confounding impact on patient’s prognosis. We assessed 726 consecutive patients at our institution and looked at the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients developing LGL after Allo-HCT using dual T cell depletion as GVHD prophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of LGL lymphocytosis was 15.4%. Notably, a higher proportion of patients who developed LGL had undergone dual T cell depletion as part of their graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. LGL lymphocytosis was associated with a favorable outcomes, which included a higher two-year overall survival rate (85.4% compared to 53.1%), a lower incidence of non-relapse mortality (6.4% compared to 28%), improved relapse-free survival (76.3% compared to 48.4%), and enhanced GVHD-free relapse-free survival (71.1% compared to 40.1%) all of which were statistically significant. Multivariable analysis confirmed the positive impact of LGL lymphocytosis on patients’ outcome including survival.
The end of silent predators: First cases of active sound production in batoids from the Mediterranean Sea and its potential implications
Authors: Rodriguez Alvaro Almagro , Barría Claudio
Published: June 2024

The production of sound in terrestrial animals has been extensively studied, yet documentation of sound production in fish remains comparatively limited. Furthermore, certain groups such as elasmobranchs have traditionally been regarded as silent predators. This study presents two cases of active sound production in batoids, marking the first documented records in the Mediterranean Sea. Between November and December of 2023, multiple encounters with batoids were observed in the important shark and ray area of Marina Alta, Spain. Four distinct species were documented, with active sound production, in the form of clicks, recorded in two species: the rough skate, Raja radula, and the marbled electric ray, Torpedo marmorata. These clicks were produced while opening and closing their mouths, accompanied by the movement of their pectoral fins, both cases presumably associated with an agonistic display of defense against the divers, perceived as a threat. The clicks were produced when the threat was close, and as it moved away from the divers, the frequency of the clicks decreased until they ceased.
A Scoping review of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), protocol implementation, and its impact on surgical outcomes and healthcare systems in Africa
Authors: Kifle Fitsum , Kenna Peniel , Daniel Selam , Maswime Salome , Biccard Bruce
Published: June 2024

Background
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a patient-centered approach to surgery designed to reduce stress responses and facilitate faster recovery. ERAS protocols have been widely adopted in high-income countries, supported by robust research demonstrating improved patient outcomes. However, in Africa, there is limited evidence regarding its implementation. This review aims to identify the existing literature on the implementation of ERAS principles in Africa, the reported clinical outcomes, and the challenges and recommendations for successful implementation.
Methods
We conducted a librarian-assisted literature search of electronic research databases between October and November 2023. Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, duplicates were then removed, followed by full-text assessment of potentially eligible studies. We utilized the summative content analysis method to synthesize and group the data into fewer categories based on agreed-upon criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the results.
Results
The search identified 342 potential studies resulting in 15 eligible studies for inclusion in the review. The publication years ranged from 2016 to 2023. The studies originated from three countries: Egypt (n = 10), South Africa (n = 4), and Uganda (n = 1). Successful implementation was associated with reduced hospital length of stay (n = 12), lower mortality rates (n = 3), and improved pain outcomes (n = 7). Challenges included protocol adherence (n = 5) and limitations in research design to generate strong evidence (n = 3). Recommendations included formal adoption of ERAS principles (n = 5), the need for a sustained research commitment, and exploration of the applicability of ERAS in diverse surgical contexts (n = 8). Large-scale implementation beyond individual institutions was encouraged for further validation of its impact on patient outcomes and healthcare costs (n = 1).
Conclusions
Despite the limited number of studies on ERAS implementation in Africa, the available evidence suggests that it reduces the length of hospital stays and mortality rates. This is crucial for the region, given its higher mortality rates, necessitating more collaborative, methodically well-designed studies to establish stronger evidence for ERAS in lower resource environments.
Machine-learning-based radiomics model for AKR1B10 prediction and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Jia , Yao Haojie , Ying Hongan , Hong Weiwen , Huang Lili
Published: June 2024

Background
AKR1B10 plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to develop a radiomics model that can effectively differentiate the expression of AKR1B10 in HCC patients, while also investigating its prognostic value.
Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to investigate the differential expression of AKR1B10 and its prognostic value in HCC. We extracted computed tomography (CT) images from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database and applied machine learning algorithms to extract radiomics features. The radiomics features were utilized to construct a logistic regression model for predicting AKR1B10 expression. The model underwent validation through cross-validation, and its performance was assessed using DCA and ROC curve analysis. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram utilizing both radiomics score (Rad_score) and clinical features to predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
Results
Higher AKR1B10 expression was identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with HCC. The radiomics features of HCC patients with high and low AKR1B10 expression were distinct. A radiomics-based prediction model for AKR1B10 expression was established, yielding an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69–0.97). Using Rad_score and clinical-pathological features, a nomogram was developed to predict 3-year survival in HCC patients.
Conclusions
AKR1B10 was an independent prognostic indicator in patients with HCC. Furthermore, a radiomics model based on CT could predict the AKR1B10 expression and prognosis in HCC patients.
The effect of mindfulness-based nursing support on the psychosocial status of women receiving infertility treatment
Authors: İnam Özen , Satılmış İlkay Güngör
Published: June 2024

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based care support on the psychosocial status of women undergoing infertility treatment during the treatment process.
Method The sample consisted of women who were about to start in vitro fertilization treatment and met the inclusion criteria. The experimental group used a mobile application specifically designed to practice mindfulness for infertility treatment at the beginning of treatment.
Results The gynaecological and infertility characteristics of the experimental and control groups and their scores on the psychosocial scales used in the pretest were similar (p > 0.05). In the post-test, the scores of the participants in the experimental group from mindfulness and infertility self-efficacy scales were higher than the control group, and the scores of infertility adjustment, anxiety and depression were lower (p < 0.05).
Conclusions It was observed that the mobile application developed for mindfulness contributed positively to the psychosocial status of infertile women in the treatment process.
Preregistration The research was registered on http://clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05708937) Registry: 24.01.2023
Daytime Sky Brightness at Dome C, Antarctica: Results from all ESCAPE Campaigns
Authors: Haudemand Hervé , Capobianco Gerardo , Fineschi Silvano , Liberatore Alessandro , Guasta Massimo Del
Published: June 2024

The study of the solar corona is a prominent focus in the field of solar physics. However, conducting ground-based observations of the corona is a challenging task due to the interference caused by the diffused sky brightness, which obscures the faint coronal signal. As a result, such observations are primarily carried out during total solar eclipses. The requirement of a sky brightness level as low as 10−6 times the Sun disk brightness (B⊙) is met by few places on Earth, and currently the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii is the only site hosting a solar observatory that satisfies this criterion. Nevertheless, another candidate coronagraphic site was discovered in the Concordia Station at Dome C plateau, Antarctica (≃ 3300m a.s.l.). In this article, we show the last results of the Extreme Solar Coronagraphy Antarctic Program Experiment (ESCAPE) during the 38th summer campaign of the Italian Piano Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA). Here we report a model for estimating the air column, which allows for the first time to account for variations in the Sun’s altitude above the horizon during different observation periods, and we use it to comparethe obtained results with previous campaigns. Our results confirm that Dome C is an ideal coronagraphic site with the required sky brightness level, reaching 1.0 − 0.7 × 10−6B⊙ in optimal conditions
Causal Association of Social Determinants of Health and Dynamic Impact on Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Yujing , Song Guisheng , Lv Yongfeng , Yan Jingjing , Wang Yajing , Zhang Yanbo , Tian Jing
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The causality between social determinants of health (SDoH) and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is uncertain. Herein, we assessed the causality using inverse probability weighting (IPW) of marginal structural models (MSMs) during the course of CHF.
Method
A multicenter, prospective cohort study of 1377 patients with CHF were enrolled from September 2017. The social domain and two dimensions of Chronic Heart Failure Patient-Reported Outcomes Measure (CHF-PROM) was used to assess the SDoH, social support, and support utilization of patients with CHF. CHF-PROM and mortality information were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months following patient discharge, and every 6 months thereafter at regular follow-ups. Logistic regression and IPW of MSMs were applied to analyze the SDoH, social support, and support utilization on mortality in patients with CHF.
Results
Logistic regression showed that at baseline, the SDoH, social support, and support utilization were not associated with mortality in patients with CHF. After adjusting for confounders, MSMs showed that the SDoH and social support were not associated with mortality at baseline. In contrast, low support utilization at baseline and unfavorable SDoH, low social support, and low support utilization during follow-up increased the risk of death in patients with CHF.
Conclusion
Through follow-up data and MSMs analysis, we found that the long-term out-of-hospital causal effects, but not one-time effects of SDoH, are risk factors for CHF mortality. SDoH should be taken seriously during the entire CHF process to prolong patients’ survival.
Trial registration:
The cohort number registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry is ChiCTR2100043337. URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=64980 Registered on February 11, 2021
A comparison of tinted sunscreen availability in urban versus suburban settings in the Detroit area
Authors: Grant Garett J. , Grayson Ciara J. , Rambhatla Pranita V. , Mohammad Tasneem F.
Published: June 2024

Tinted sunscreens are important for the management of pigmentary disorders and can offer better aesthetics compared to their non-tinted counterparts. However, high prices and limited access pose barriers to access for many skin of color patients. This study assesses tinted sunscreen availability and cost in Detroit, MI versus wealthier surrounding suburbs. Tinted sunscreen products in CVS, Walgreens, and Rite Aid stores in Detroit, Troy, and the Bloomfield area were catalogued and analyzed. Detroit has a much lower per capita income and a higher non-Caucasian population compared to Troy and the Bloomfield area. Our findings show that Detroit has significantly fewer tinted sunscreen products per store (mean 3.6 for all stores, 5.2 for CVS) compared to the Bloomfield area (mean 6.2 for all stores, 9.6 for CVS). Bloomfield's mean price per ounce ($21.67) was significantly higher than Detroit ($16.99) and Troy ($17.24), however, no differences emerged after excluding unique products. Significant differences were also seen in the mean SPF between all areas. These findings suggest that lower-income and higher skin of color areas have limited tinted sunscreen accessibility, which may contribute to reduced sunscreen usage and increased disease burden for these communities.