bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Techno-economic Utility of Integrating an Optimized PV/diesel Hybrid System in an Entire Oil Field in the Western-dessert in Egypt
Authors: El-Yamany Mohammad M. , Abdullatif Sameh O. , Ghali Hani A.
Published: June 2021

Artificial lifting is considered as the most common technique in oil and gas production industry. However, from the electrical energy consumption prospective, artificial lifting is a heavy consumer. In the absence of a grid, oil and gas stack holders are forced to utilize diesel generator for energy production. Herein, an added cost of operation and maintenance is included in the oil production cost. The purpose of this work is to develop a systematic optimization methodology for utilizing renewable energy resources, specifically Photovoltaic (PV), in Oil & Gas Industry. The study has been applied on an entire oil field in the Egyptian western dessert. The load is operated with an integrated solar-assisted system and stand-alone diesel generator. The annual energy requirements using the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for ten sucker rod pumping units have been evaluated. A metaheuristic optimizer (Water Cycle Optimization Technique WCOT) has been utilized to optimize the PV contribution in the hybrid PV/diesel system proposed. Moreover, centralized, and distributed generation systems have been investigated technically and economically. The results have shown that the hybrid centralized system can provide up to 62% reduction in the LCOE with respect to the running diesel generator 24/7 system.
Da cicatriz ao rastro: parir para contar
Authors: Carvalho Fonseca Luciana , Carvalho Fonseca Sérgio Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Esta é uma reflexão a respeito das condições de transmissão de narrativas sobre o nascimento. Nos relatos, seguimos o rastro da cicatriz da cesárea, tendo por chave de leitura o texto de Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, “O rastro e a cicatriz: metáforas da memória” (2002). Sob a ótica da teoria da narração de Walter Benjamin, Gagnebin vale-se da história da cicatriz de Ulisses para demonstrar uma tradição que se perpetuava. Pergunta- se que paralelo se pode traçar entre as duas cicatrizes à luz de relatos de parto, nos quais são encontradas plenitude e trauma, perda e recuperação da capacidade de narrar.
Sveite from the Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Peterson Ronald C. , Graham Robert C. , Ervin Jarel O. , Kozin Igor S. , Sickman James O. , Bozhilov Krassimir N. , Reid Joel W.
Published: June 2021

Sveite [KAl7(NO3)4(OH)16Cl2·8H2O] first described from Venezuela and material recently collected from northern California have similar X-ray diffraction patterns and chemical compositions. The main difference in the chemical composition is the absence of significant chlorine and sulfate in the sveite from California. The changes observed by X-ray diffraction upon hydration and the SEM images of the crystals suggest a layered atomic structure. Water-extractable NO3 in the Venezuelan sveite sample is isotopically enriched in δ15N and δ18O and likely was affected by the microbial process of denitrification. In contrast, the extractable nitrate from the California sveite is less isotopically enriched than the Venezuelan mineral and there is only modest evidence that denitrification had affected its isotopic composition. Overall, the nitrate in the California sveite is isotopically similar to nitrate present in acidic soils overlying the mineral occurrence, suggesting a general biogenic source of uric acid from bird feces for the mineral-bound nitrogen.
The genus Xenobates (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in the Philippines: overview and description of two new species
Authors: Zettel Herbert , Laciny Alice , Bongo Juvy P.
Published: June 2021

The Philippine species of Xenobates Esaki, 1927 are reviewed, with the exception of the Xenobates argentatus complex. Two species are described as new: Xenobates nypicola sp. nov. and X. riedli sp. nov. The presence of Xenobates murphyi Andersen, 2000 in the Philippines is confirmed. The taxonomically unresolved Xenobates argentatus complex is represented in the Philippines by at least six morphologically very similar species, but the typical X. argentatus Andersen, 2000, a species described from Thailand, must be excluded from the Philippine fauna. An identification key to the hitherto described species of the Philippines is provided. All species are illustrated. Xenobates species inhabit a wide variety of mangrove habitats along the Philippine coasts; Xenobates nypicola sp. nov. typically inhabits coastal swamps with Nypa fruticans.
De integro about the “regime of civilized cooperators”
Authors:   Economic Theory Department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Privalov Nikolay G.
Published: June 2021

During the transition to the sixth technological mode (according to S.Y. Glazyev) or the sixth long wave (according to N. Kondratiev), significant changes take place in the development of technologies and social division of labor, in the culture of production and society. Th article shows that falling oil prices, the coronavirus pandemic and heightened tensions in international relations (sanctions, trade wars, terrorism, fight against ISIS, information war, etc.) have exacerbated the global crisis. In this regard, the author considers new economic phenomena, in particular, the maker movement developed in cooperative network formats, which, according to some researchers, may lead to a “system of civilized cooperators”. The article analyzes the "new craftsmanship" movement from the perspective of the economy, politics, culture and management.
Unsolvable economic problems. Existence in contradictions
Authors:   Management of Knowledge-Intensive Production Department of St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Sirotkin Vladimir B.
Published: June 2021

V. B. Sirotkin considers causes that underlie the existence of unsolvable problems in the society, i.e. corruption, low labor efficiency, etc., and shows that uncontrollable contradictions in human behavior and mentality serve as sources for the existence of such problems. The author suggests a transdisciplinary approach to studying behavior management of individuals and groups.
Fundamental factors of techno-economic cyclicity
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komolov Oleg O. , Dzhabborov Daler B. ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the phenomenon of stages in technical and economic development in the context of the theory of technological paradigm. On the basis of a critical rethinking of the approaches of Dosi, Perez, Glazyev et al., the marxist tendency of the rate of profit to fall, as well as an empirical analysis of the US economy, the authors built an econometric model that makes it possible to determine the factors that affect both the change of technological structures themselves and their phases. The incentive that pushes capital to the path of investment in new technologies is the dynamics of the rate of return, which tends to decline and stagnate at this stage. After the new technology was mastered by national producers, and the concentration of capital created national leaders with sufficient competitiveness. foreign economic relations between countries are intensifying, which expresses competition for the development of new markets. The growing rate of return is pushing investors to capitalize on it in the form of further investment in industries where new technology can increase the return on capital. At the same time, this creates the prerequisites for overaccumulation, which is expressed in a gradual drop in the marginal profitability in production, which directs capital to the financial sector. The financialization of the economy and the formation of stock market bubbles are taking place. After their collapse, the economy enters the stage of a fall in the average rate of profit, which again starts the process of searching for a new revolutionary technology that can ensure an increase in labor productivity. The research results make it possible to more fully explain the reasons for the change in the phases of technological orders, as well as predict these processes.
High-growth company model in Russia’s industry
Authors:   Department of Economics of Industries and Markets, Chelyabinsk State University, Pletnev Dmitry A. , Naumova Ksenia A. ,   Department of Industrial Markets, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

If we consider it as a purely theoretical construct, the economy that is based on fostering the spirit of free enterprise has many advantages, i.e., innovations, fair compensation and positive social dynamics. But in reality, it turns out that it also ushers in monopoly, exploitation and inequality. Still, certain elements ‘invented’ or discovered during the study of competitive markets with a strong spirit of entrepreneurship can and should be used in the development of an active industrial policy. Such elements include the phenomenon of high-growth companies first mentioned by D. Birch in the 1970s. Based on the analysis of Russian industrial companies’ financial performance, the authors identify high-growth companies, determine their sectoral structure and analyze growth leaders. The article presents a structural and logical model that describes the place of high-growth companies during the implementation of an active industrial policy and identifies main participants of relations that arise in connection with the development of high-growth companies, including elements of innovative infrastructure and development institutions. The authors highlight the role of education and science in the development of high-growth companies in Russia and also suggest measures for legislative support of such companies in order to ensure accelerated growth of the Russian economy.
Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Doğal Bitkiler: Yatay Gen Transferi
Authors: TİRYAKİ İskender
Published: June 2021

Günümüzde genom sekanslaması ve biyoinformatik alanında elde edilen başarılar daha önce tek hücreli organizmalar ile sınırlı olduğu düşünlen yatay gen transferlerinin (YGT) bitkiler dahil çok sayıda gelişmiş organizmada da yaygın bir şekilde var olduğunun anlaşılması genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmalar (GDOs) kapsamında yapılan tartışmalara farklı bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Özellikle biyoteknoloji alanında ortaya konan genom yazılımı ve nanobiyoteknoloji gibi yeni metodolojik yaklaşımlar ve yakın gelecekte bunlara ait tarımsal ürünlerin GDOs özelinde yapılan tartışmalardaki yeri ve bunlara ait ürünlerin doğal ürün katogorisinde değerlendirilip değerlendirilmiyeceği büyük bir merak konusudur. Alglerden yüksek bitkilere kadar çok farklı organizma arasında DNA, RNA, organel genomu gibi değişik boyutlarda ortaya çıkan genetik materyal transferlerinin bitki ıslahı açısından ele alınması ve ortaya çıkan yeni bilgiler ışığında bitkilerde dayanıklıllık/tolerantlık mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi kendi içerisinde önemli bir potansiyel barındırmaktadır. Ancak güncel metodolojik yaklaşımlar kullanılarak yakın gelecekte ortaya çıkacak ürünlerin de GDOs kapsamındaki tartışmalara dahil edilmesi hem ilgili teknolojilerin gelişmesine hem de ürünlerinin potansiyel kullanımlarının sınırlandırılmasına neden olabilecektir. Bu nedenle genetik modifikasyonlar ile GDOs kavramlarının farklı bir bakış açısı ile ele alınarak yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı genetik modifikasyon kavramını bitkilerde meydana gelen YGT ve GDOs bakış açıları ile ele almak ve ilgili alanda yetersizliği ve eksikliği düşünülen tanımlayıcı bir GDOs terminolojisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu nedenle ayrıştırıcı ve daha tanımlayıcı olması için GDOs teriminin “Evrimsel GDOs, eGDOs”, “Tarımsal GDOs, tGDOs” ve “Biyoteknolojik GDOs, bGDOs” şeklinde sınıflandırılması ilgili alanda yapılan tartışmalara önemli katkılar sunacaktır.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Çocuk Sevme ile Empatik Eğilim Durumları ve Aralarındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÜNEL Ebru , AVCI Özlem
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin çocuk sevme ve empatik eğilim durumlarının ve aralarındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Kesitsel-tanımlayıcı desende yapılan bu çalışmaya, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılı, Güz döneminde İstanbul’da özel bir vakıf üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencileri alınmıştır. Toplam 508 öğrenciden, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 425 öğrenci ile çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Veriler; Tanıtıcı Anket Formu, Barnett Çocuk Sevme Ölçeği ve Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 22.0 paket programında, Independent t, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde ise Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p
Kraniyal Lezyonlarda Gradient T2*- Ağırlıklı Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Tanısal Katkısı
Authors: GÖÇGÜN Nurdan , İKİZCELİ Türkan
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede sekanslarından “gradient recalled echo” diğer görüntüleme metotlarıyla görülemeyen mikro kanamaların ortaya konmasında önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada kanama harici diğer hastalarda gradient T2*-ağırlıklı sekansın tanıya katkısı sunuldu.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2018- Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında tanısal amaçlı kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yapılmış ve standart sekanslarına ek olarak gradient T2* içeren görüntülemeleri olan 47 hasta geriye dönük olarak çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Lezyonlar etyolojik nedenlerine göre üç grup altında sınıflandı; vasküler, kitle ve diğer nedenler. Lezyonların gradient sekanstaki lokalizasyonları, sayıları, boyutları, intensiteleri, post.kontrast bilgileri ve blooming artefaktının varlığı değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: 33’si erkek, 14’si kadın 47 olgunun yaş aralığı 27-93’ydi, ortalama yaş 58.32±16.67. Olgulardan 33’ü (%70) vasküler nedenli, 6’sı kitle (%13) ve 8’i “diğer” (%17) grubundaydı. Vasküler lezyonlar arasında hipertansif ve amiloid mikroanjiopati, serebrovasküler olay, kanama, venöz tromboz, vasküler malformasyon, vasküler malformasyon-kanama yer almaktaydı. Kitlelerin 3’ü hemorajik metastaz, diğerleri kalsifik menenjiom, oligoastrositom, hemanjioblastomdu. ‘Diğer’ grubunda ise infeksiyon (tüberküloz granulomları, toxoplazma), inme taklitçisi (laminar nekroz, kalsifikasyon), hipofiz apopleksisi, FAHR sendromu ve metakromatik lökodistrofi, nefrotoksisiteye bağlı madde birikimi vardı. Gradient T2* sekans bulguları olgulara tanı koydurucu veya tanıyı güçlendirici etkisi olmuştur.

Sonuç: Gradient T2*-Ağırlıklı görüntüleme vasküler hastalıklardaki bilinen değeri yanında non-vasküler santral sinir sistemi hastalıklarında da tanıyı güçlendirmektedir.
Covid-19 un fenómeno colectivo, visto desde el umbral de la biopolítica
Authors: Méndez Calderón Margelis Coromoto
Published: June 2021

Se analiza la Covid-19 como un fenómeno colectivo, visto desde el umbral de la biopolítica. La relevancia de la biopolítica en las naciones, ha tenido su punto de anclaje en el campo de la medicina, ya que que este saber científico se utiliza para configurar un cuidado de la población y propiciar cierto equilibro de la vida, de allí surge el interés de realizar una investigación sobre el Covid-19, visto desde el umbral de la biopolítica. Para desarrollar este estudio, se realizó una investigación cualitativa de tipo documental. En este sentido, en la investigación se infirió sobre la complejidad de los agentes virales en la población, tomando como referencia la evolución de los mecanismos biotecnológicos, y haciendo énfasis en el Covid-19, el cual se diseminó infatigablemente en la esfera global, penetrando paradójicamente, los sistemas de alerta que lograran neutralizar al agente responsable de la actual pandemia mundial. Con esto se trata de crear y desplegar una serie de estrategias de intervención, hacia las formas de existencia colectiva en garantía de la vida, la salud pública y la seguridad social.
Simulating Calibration and Beam Systematics for a Future CMB Space Mission with the TOAST Package
Authors: Puglisi Giuseppe , Keskitalo Reijo , Kisner Ted , Borrill Julian D.
Published: June 2021

We address in this work the instrumental systematic errors that can potentially affect the forthcoming and future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments aimed at observing its polarized emission. In particular, we focus on the systematics induced by the beam and calibration, which are considered the major sources of leakage from total intensity measurements to polarization. We simulated synthetic data sets with Time-Ordered Astrophysics Scalable Tools, a publicly available simulation and data analysis package. We also propose a mitigation technique aiming at reducing the leakage by means of a template fitting approach. This technique has shown promising results reducing the leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at the power spectrum level when applied to a realistic simulated data set of the LiteBIRD satellite mission.
Clinical optochin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae strains in Tunisia
Authors: Ktari Sonia , Ben Ayed Nour El Houda , Maalej Sonda , Mnif Basma , Rhimi Faouzia , Hammami Adnene
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae can be responsible for severe human infections. Optochin resistance has been a potential cause of misidentification of pneumococcus and other members of the mitis group. Hence, rapid and easy optochin resistant (Optr) S. pneumoniae identification is essential.

Methodology: Atypical pneumococci were characterized using optochin susceptibility, bile solubility based on spectrophotometric reading, serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR-based assays targeting pneumococcal genes lytA, ply, pspA, cpsA, Spn9802 and Spn9828.

Results: Optical density values for the bile solubility test suggest the identification of four Optr S. pneumoniae and one Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. All Optr pneumococci harbored cpsA, lytA, ply, Spn9802, Spn9828 and pspA genes. Only ply, spn9802 and Spn9828 genes were detected in S. pseudopneumoniae. The 16S rRNA sequencing differentiates between these two species. Optr S. pneumoniae strains belonged to different genotypes and serotypes (14, 19A, 3 and 9V). Three Optr S. pneumoniae isolates were typed as pspA family 2, while one belonged to pspA family 1. Sequencing of the atpA and atpC gene of the Optr variants revealed three mutations in the ATPase a-subunit (L99I, M23V and V52I) and one mutation in ATPase c-subunit (V48I).

Conclusions: Our data indicate that bile OD-values provides an accurate, fast and easy method to discriminate between Optr S. pneumoniae and other Streptococcus mitis group. Moreover molecular techniques, confirming the bile test, can be used in order to prevent these atypical pneumococci and alert clinical microbiologists of the presence of these strains in the community.
Heterologous immunization with Covishield and Pfizer vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 elicits a robust humoral immune response
Authors: Ostadgavahi Ali Toloue , Booth Ryan , Sisson Gary , McMullen Nichole , Warhuus Michelle , Robertson Peter , Miller Matthew , Allen Wanda C , El Sherif May , Brownlie Robert , Falzarano Darryl , Richardson Christopher D
Published: June 2021

Understanding the efficacy and durability of heterologous immunization schedules against SARS-CoV-2 is critical, as supply demands and vaccine choices become significant issues in the global vaccination strategy. Here we characterize the neutralizing antibodies produced in two subjects who received combination immunizations against SARS-CoV-2, first with Covishield (Oxford–AstraZeneca) vaccine, followed 33 days later with a second dose (booster) shot of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Serum samples were collected 25 days following the primary vaccination and 13 days after the secondary Pfizer vaccination. Both subjects exhibited increased levels of isotype IgG and IgM antibodies directed against the entire spike protein following immunizations. These antibodies also exhibited increased reactivity with the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein and neutralized the infectivity of replicating vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that contains the COVID-19 coronavirus S protein gene in place of its normal G glycoprotein. This VSV pseudovirus also contains the reporter gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Antibody titers against the spike protein and serum neutralization titers against the reporter virus are reported for the 2 heterologous vaccinated individuals and compared to a positive control derived from a convalescent patient and a negative control from an unexposed individual. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine increased antibody binding to the spike protein and RBD, and approached levels found in the convalescent positive control. Neutralizing antibodies against the VSV-S pseudovirus in the 2 subjects also approached levels in the convalescent sera. These results firmly validate the value of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in boosting immunity following initial Covishield inoculation.
A Rare Case of Severe Hemophilia B Combined with Hematomesenchymal Dysplasia
Authors: Muratova Fatima , Mussabekova Zhanna , Kazymov Maxut , Sturov Viktor
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hemophilia B in the global population is approximately 1:60,000. Undifferentiated systemic mesenchymal dysplasia (uSMD) is diagnosed rather frequently, about 1:5, according to Russian authors; no data on uSMD prevalence in other countries are available. The combination of hemophilia and uSMD has grouped under the term hematomesenchymal dysplasia (HMD). This combination significantly worsens the clinical picture, prognosis, and quality of life of the patient.

AIM: In this article, we present a rare clinical case of a child with a combination of hemophilia B and HMD.

CASE REPORT: A clinical case of a male patient, 5 years old with hemophilia B, severe form combined with HMD, complicated by hemothorax, abscessed pulmonary lobe hematoma has presented. The presence of HMD and the above complications had an unfavorable effect on the severity of the clinical picture and the abnormal response to treatment. The main diagnostic procedures were the assessment of the phenotypic signs of HMD in combination with laboratory and instrumental examination methods such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and echocardiography. Vital treatment is factor IX replacement therapy and supportive one.

CONCLUSION: This clinical example highlights the importance of clinical alertness to hereditary coagulopathies, which often lead to life threatening, sometimes disabling complications that significantly reduce the quality of life of children with hemophilia. Consequently, full-scale epidemiological studies of the prevalence of HMD in the population are an urgent task for the near future.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Patient Safety Culture Assessment Tool for Clinical Staff in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kyrykbayeva Saltanat , Semenova Yuliya , Goremykina Maiya , Moldagaliyev Timur , Kauysheva Almagul , Azizov Sharafaddin , Trinchero Elisabetta
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Modern healthcare systems lack empirical models and appropriate tools to evaluate the safety culture, which encourages the need for their development. The national healthcare system of Kazakhstan has no empirically tested robust tools to evaluate the safety culture.

AIM: The present paper aims at performing translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the “Patient safety culture” tool (from here – the tool) as a means for evaluating safety culture in healthcare establishments of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional. The original “Patient safety culture” tool is an integrated evaluation framework consisting of 7 scales and 62 items (6 general questions and 56 targeted questions) and reflecting different aspects of risk-related components of safety culture. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 was used to measure the internal consistency of the tool. To evaluate the tool’s reproducibility, we performed a test-retest assessment after 15 days and evaluated it using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: The overall Cronbach’s alpha for different scales ranged from 0.27 to 0.75. Subscales “Safety procedures” and “Safety Training” had the lowest coefficients. At test-retest, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ranged from 0.934 to 0.969 among the scales.

CONCLUSION: The study is dedicated to cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the “Patient safety culture” tool and describes the development of a translation protocol with subsequent cognitive debriefing and field testing. The field testing helped to confirm good validity, reliability, and reproducibility. The tool might undergo additional modification after further testing.
Frequency of Using Miniscrew Anchorage by the Iranian Orthodontists
Authors: Golshah Amin , Feiz Rahnemoon Mohadese , Bagheri Zahra , Karami Nasim
Published: June 2021

AIM: In recent years, miniscrews are extensively used for anchorage in orthodontic treatments. This study aimed to assess the frequency of using miniscrew anchorage by the Iranian orthodontists in 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 70 Iranian orthodontists. After obtaining their written informed consent, a questionnaire was emailed to them. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by four faculty members and its reliability was determined to be 75% by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha after administering it among 40 orthodontists. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

RESULTS: Of 97 administered questionnaires, 70 were filled out and returned (response rate=72.16%) by 42 males and 28 females. Of participants, 62.3% reported using miniscrews in their practice. Furthermore, 96.6% of the orthodontists reported that they would place the miniscrews by themselves. The majority of orthodontists (98.3%) were completely or relatively satisfied with the efficacy of miniscrews, and 93.5% recommended the use of miniscrews to their colleagues. Factors such as poor expertise in miniscrew insertion, doubts about its advantages, high cost, and time-consuming placement were the main reasons for reluctance of some orthodontists in using miniscrews.

CONCLUSION: Considering the high efficacy of miniscrews for orthodontic treatment and high satisfaction level of Iranian orthodontists with miniscrews, their application is expected to rise by the Iranian orthodontists after eliminating the existing limitations against their widespread use.
Cardiac Biomarkers in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Gencheva Dolina , Nikolov Fedya , Uchikova Ekaterina , Hristova Krasimira , Mihaylov Rosen , Pencheva Blagovesta
Published: June 2021

In recent years, biomarkers have taken a central place in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases – from prediction to management and prognosis. On the other hand, enough evidence exists to assume that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy share a certain connection with cardiovascular diseases – from common risk factors and underlying mechanisms to the presence of a higher risk for women for the development of a great number of cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, stroke, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, and even a higher cardiovascular mortality. The key to a better understanding of the unfavorable cardiovascular profile of women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy may lie in their assessment with biomarkers, typically used in the field of cardiology. In this review, we have included studies investigating the use of cardiovascular biomarkers during or after a hypertensive pregnancy, namely, natriuretic peptides, high-sensitivity cardiac troponins, growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), and galectin-3.
Photoprotective and Inhibitory Activity of Tyrosinase in Extract and Fractions of Terminalia catappa L.
Authors: Indrisari Maulita , Sartini Sartini , Miskad Upik A. , Djawad Khairuddin , Amir Tahir Karlina , Nurkhairi Nurkhairi , Muslimin Lukman
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes various skin damages. One of the most significant risks to skin occurrence is cancer and photoaging. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included incorporating natural sunscreens and antityrosinase.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the sun protection factor (SPF) and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase of the extract and fractions of leaves of Terminalia catappa Linn.

METHOD: The dried leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The extract and fractions were screened for their phytochemical profile, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated and expressed as IC50. The photoprotective activity of extract and fractions were measured by a UV spectrophotometric.

RESULTS: Among the tested samples, the ethyl acetate fraction showed ultraprotection on erythema transmission rate (%TE), sunblock on pigmentation transmission (%TP), and minimum protection on SPF. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity to inhibit tyrosinase (IC50 was 50.54±2.37 μg/mL). The phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

CONCLUSION: This study’s findings revealed a higher tyrosinase inhibitor and sun protection capacity of ethyl acetate fraction of leaves of T. catappa and suitable to develop as a cosmetic agent.
Relationship between Superoxide Dismutase Manganese Gene Polymorphism and Eye Tumors
Authors: Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty , Adella Cut Adeya , Lubis Lokot Donna
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
 
Background: Orbital tumor in Indonesia is one of the eye health problems that can cause blindness. The impact caused by orbital tumors on patients is quite large because it can result in blindness and even death due to its metastatic nature. The role that SOD plays in cancer biology is not well understood, most studies showing a more oxidative state, characterized by increased intracellular ROS, particularly superoxide.
Objective: To determine the relationship between Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2) gene polymorphisms and the incidence of orbital tumors in Medan.
Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional data collection method using controls. Comparisons were made between the control group and the observed group to see the relationship between SOD2 polymorphisms and the risk of orbital tumor incidence in Medan. The ophthalmic examination, anterior and posterior segments, and assessment of CT orbit if deemed necessary for the orbital tumor patients. Histopathological examination was done by the Pathologist. Blood samples was taken for polymorphism examination on extracted DNA using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods.
Results: About 30 patients that met the inclusion criterias. Laterality, the left eye is more likely to suffer from tumors when compared to the right eye. This study found as many as 16 patients, while malignant tumors was 14 patients. There was a relationship between the MnSOD gene polymorphism and the incidence of orbital tumors (p <0.001), there was a relationship between the MnSOD gene polymorphism and the incidence of orbital tumors in the female sex (p <0.001)
Conclusion: There was a relationship between MnSOD gene polymorphisms and the incidence of orbital tumors (p <0.001)
The Effect of Training on Dementia Care among Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Probosuseno Probosuseno , Nurjannah Intansari
Published: June 2021

Background: Dementia has become a global concern in ageing societies nowadays. Nurses have major roles in caring for dementia patients in various settings. There have been many trainings on dementia conducted for nurses and other health staff. However, reviews of the effect of the trainings on nurses are still scarce. This paper aims to review the impact of training on dementia care among nurses in differents settings.
Method: systematic search from Medline, Pubmed and Scopus was conducted until February 2019. Additional references were collected using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were: primary papers, written in English, involving nurses, and related to dementia.
Results: There were 20 papers included in this review. In terms of methodology, most of the articles employ quantitative method (90%). Only one article uses qualitative method (5%) and another one employs mixed methods design (5%). Pretest and posttest design is the mostly used design and four articles use Randomized Control Trial (RCT). The settings of the papers were nursing home or long-term care facilities (45%), hospitals (35%) and other settings (20%).  The lenght of the training was varied from 2 hours to 18 hours within a maximum period of eight months. The various outcome measures are categorised into four domains: cognitive, physical, psychological and working performance. The results of the review indicate that training and education for nurses can improve their knowledge, attitude, confidence and self efficacy towards better dementia care. However, the results regarding staff burnout, stress and physical health complaint are still unclear.
Conclusion: raining and education in dementia care were varied and generally improve nurses’ capacities mainly in cognitive domain. However, the effect for the psychological and their working performance were still doubted
Keywords: dementia, training, education, nurses
Accuracy and Reliability of Kinect Motion Sensing Input Device’s 3D Models: A Comparison to Direct Anthropometry and 2D Photogrammetry
Authors: Badr Ahmed Mangoud , Refai Wael M. Mubarak , El-Shal Mohamed Gaber , Abdelhameed Ahmed Nasef
Published: June 2021

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Kinect motion sensing input device’s three-dimensional (3D) models by comparing it with direct anthropometry and digital 2D photogrammetry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six profiles and four frontal parameters were directly measured on the faces of 80 participants. The same measurements were repeated using two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry and (3D) images obtained from Kinect device. Another observer made the same measurements for 30% of the images obtained with 3D technique, and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated for 3D images. Intraobserver reproducibility was evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted using the paired samples t-test, interclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement.

RESULTS: The highest mean difference was 0.0084 mm between direct measurement and photogrammetry, 0.027 mm between direct measurement and 3D Kinect’s models, and 0.018 mm between photogrammetry and 3D Kinect’s. The lowest agreement value was 0.016 in the all parameter between the photogrammetry and 3D Kinect’s methods. Agreement between the two observers varied from 0.999 Sn-Me to 1 with the rest of linear measurements.

CONCLUSION: Measurements done using 3D Images obtained from Kinect device indicate that it may be an accurate and reliable imaging method for use in orthodontics. It also provides an easy low-cost 3D imaging technique that has become increasingly popular in clinical settings, offering advantages for surgical planning and outcome evaluation.
Effectiveness of Diabetes Self-management Education Against Diet Behavior in Patients Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
Authors: Suardi Suardi , Razak Amran , Amiruddin Ridwan , Ishak Hasanuddin , Salmah Ummu , Maria Ida leida
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that describes a problem with insulin deficiency and the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. The World Health Organization predicts that the number of people with DM type II in Indonesia will increase to 12 million by 2030.

AIM: This study looks at Journals on diabetes selfmanagement education (DSME) on DM patients in improving dietary behavior.

METHODS: This study uses an online journal database that provides free articles and journals in PDF such as: ProQuest, EBCSO, PubMed, Elsevier, Scinapse, MDPI, and Google Scholar. Literature was collected from the past 10 years, namely, 2010–2020 using the following set of keywords: “DSME,” “DSME Program Evaluation,” and “Diabetes Self-Care Education.”

RESULTS: DSME intervention can improve the condition of DM patients if it is routinely carried out. In addition, the DSME intervention was able to control hemoglobin A1c levels and control blood sugar. This intervention still needs to be developed, considering that various forms of education in DM patients have been carried out such as using text messages, leaflets, illustrated pictures or leaflets, by telephone, video, handbooks, or direct education. These investigations can be developed into empirical research.

CONCLUSIONS: The application of DSME interventions can help improve the conditions experienced by DM type II sufferers if it is routinely carried out.
B-Line Artifact as a Diagnostic Tool in Various Conditions at the Emergency Department
Authors: Ienghong Kamonwon , Suzuki Takaaki , Celebi Ismet , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Tiamkao Somsak , Gaysonsiri Dhanu , Apiratwarakul Korakot
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: B-line artifacts (BLAs) play an important role in identifying lung pathology. They may indicate different diseases. However, the diagnostic study of BLA as applied to emergency patients has not been well studied.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of BLA in various conditions.

METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of emergency patients who had received lung ultrasound at Srinagarind Hospital’s Emergency Department throughout January 2020–December 2020. Ultrasound artifacts were recorded. Ultrasonography findings were correlated with final diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were evaluated. The most prevalent condition which BLA found in this study was pulmonary edema (44.12%) with 88.24% sensitivity and 46.48% specificity. BLA also indicated pneumonia with 66.67% sensitivity and 35.71% specificity. Diffuse BLA indicated pulmonary edema with 70% sensitivity and 70.42% specificity. Focal BLA indicated pneumonia with 28.57% sensitivity and 76.19% specificity.

CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of BLA for pulmonary edema and pneumonia diagnosis in this study was of moderate to good sensitivity, but low specificity. BLA may become crucial in the diagnosis of lung pathology in the emergency department.
Coronavirus Disease-19-associated Acute Pancreatitis: Report of Three Cases and Review of Case Reports
Authors: Khan Fahmi Yousef , Sulaiman Theeb Osama , Nair Arun Prabhakaran , Osman Mohamed Elmudathir
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with acute pancreatitis continue to emerge. In this series, we present three cases of acute pancreatitis associated with COVID-19 with no obvious etiology.

CASE REPORTS: The first case was a 47-year-old man who presented with severe abdominal periumbilical pain, preceded by fever and dry cough. Based on a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and elevated serum amylase and lipase >3 times the upper normal limit, the diagnosis of COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis were established. The next case was a 57-year-old man with confirmed COVID-19 who developed severe epigastric pain radiating to the back and was associated with nausea and vomiting. His serum amylase and lipase were elevated >3 times the upper normal limit confirming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The third case was a 31-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a few hours of severe epigastric pain radiating to the back associated with nausea and vomiting. Two days before his presentation, he had a runny nose and fever. A combination of serum amylase and lipase elevation, >3 times the upper normal limits, and a positive COVID-19 PCR test were obtained concurrently, confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated acute pancreatitis. All patients were admitted to the Mesaieed Hospital COVID-19 facility and received treatment for COVID-19 according to our local guidelines, while acute pancreatitis was treated conservatively. All three patients were discharged in good condition.

CONCLUSION: This case series suggests a possible correlation between COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis.
The Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Management of Biliary Complication Post-Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Akool Mohamed Abdzaid , Al-Hakkak Samer Makki Mohamed , Al-Wadees Alaa Abood
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy considers a golden surgery for gallbladder removal nowadays, and it carries some complications like biliary injuries, which can manage successfully by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

AIM: To estimate the role of endoscopic management of bile duct injury (BDI) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

PATIENT AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted at Al-Sader Medical City, Najaf City, Iraq, during the period between September 2018 and December 2020, included 44 patients complicated by the biliary injury resulting in a persistent biliary leak and/or jaundice after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and evaluated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

RESULTS: Findings revealed that 25% of cases had complete BDI, only one managed by plastic stent placement, the other 10 referred for open surgical constructions, 61% had partial injury associated with the biliary leak, all managed by sphincterotomy and plastic stent placement through ERCP, almost 7% had a partial clipping of bile duct all managed with sphincterotomy, balloon dilatation/stone extraction, and plastic stent placement, 5% had slipped clips of cystic duct stump, are managed with sphincterotomy and plastic stent placement. Moreover, only one patient, 2%, had distal common bile duct stone with bile leak, managed by sphincterotomy and stone extraction.

CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a gold standard therapeutic option for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis, is associated with an increased risk of biliary injury due to many factors. ERCP is a safe means of diagnosing the cause of bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It also offers definitive treatment in most cases by endoscopic sphincterotomy and plastic stent placement.
Development of Emergency Medical Services Amid 5 Years’ Experience at a Medical School in Thailand
Authors: Apiratwarakul Korakot , Ruamsuk Phongphat , Suzuki Takaaki , Celebi Ismet , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Ienghong Kamonwon
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The development of emergency medical services (EMSs) in Thailand is divided into two phases following the enactment of the Emergency Medical Act in 2007 aimed at making the work model more systematic. However, the amount of EMS operations has not been well studied.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of EMS operations throughout a 5-year period.

METHODS: A retrospective, single-centered study at a medical school hospital in Thailand. Data were gathered from the EMS database at Srinagarind Hospital throughout the years 2016–2020.

RESULTS: A total of 10,384 EMS operations were examined over a 5-year period (2016–2020). The mean age of patients in 2016 was 40.2 ± 3.5 years, and 55.3% (n = 1178) were male. Operations were most commonly performed during the afternoon shift (4.00 p.m.–0.00 a.m.) 41.0%, 38.6%, 39.5%, 39.2%, and 50.8%, respectively. The amount of EMS members had a tendency to increase in number throughout the 5 years of study (p = 0.022). The average times from 1669 center call receipt to arrival on scene (response time) for 2016 and 2020 were 8.52 ± 2.20 min and 5.52 ± 3.02 min, respectively (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The development of EMS at Srinagarind Hospital took place with an increase in the age of patients, number of operations in the afternoon shift, and EMS members, yet with a decrease in response times.
Letter to the Editor: Burnout Management among Health Care Workers in the Age of Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Ganjali Alireza
Published: June 2021

AIM: We aimed to understand the early warning signs and symptoms of occupational burnout as red flags among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Based on the suggestions of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies [8], health-care providers need to be trained to increase three components of resilience across the three levels of individual, team, and organization so that they can optimally manage their psychological responses to catastrophes. RESULTS: It seems that both targeted individual and organizational strategies are critical for the overall wellness of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Health care workers experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19, which warrants attention and support from health policy-makers and practitioners. Current evidence demonstrated that health-care staff could gain significant benefits from interventions to modify burnout syndrome, especially from organization-directed interventions.
Influence of Ramadan Fasting on Hemoglobin A1C, Lipid Profile, and Body Mass Index among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Hatem , Abbas Anass M. , Huneif Mohammed Ayed , Alqahtani Seham M. , Ahmed Awad Mohamed , Babker Asaad M. A. , Elagab Ehab A. M. , Haris Parvez I.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabia is known to have one of the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world. The impact of Ramadan fasting on the health of type 2 diabetic patients is an important issue that has not been adequately investigated.

AIM: The current study was aimed at assessing the impact of Ramadan fasting on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) in adult Saudis with Type 2 diabetes residing in Najran city.

METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which enrolled 289 patients who chose to fast during the month of Ramadan and were attending the outpatient clinics of Najran University Hospital. Fasting blood samples were taken 1 month before and 1 month after Ramadan to determine glycated hemoglobin and fasting lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], triglyceride [TG], and total cholesterol [TC]) and BMI was also calculated. Information regarding demographics and physical activity was obtained through a questionnaire.

RESULTS: As many as 176 (60.9%) of the participants reported to be physically inactive during Ramadan. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the mean percentage of HbA1c when comparing before Ramadan (9.85 ± 2.37%) with after Ramadan (7.65 ± 1.70%). Furthermore, statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was detected in the mean concentrations of LDL before (3.39 ± 1.06 mmol/L) and after (2.40 ± 0.83 mmol/L) Ramadan. The mean concentration of TC (before = 5.98 ± 2.00 mmol/L; after = 4.05 ± 1.18 mmol/L) and TG (before = 2.97 ± 1.95 mmol/L; after = 2.65 ± 1.65 mmol/L) also reduced after Ramadan. The mean concentrations of HDL (before = 1.78 ± 0.74 mmol/L; after= 2.23 ± 0.23 mmol/L) increased after Ramadan. The mean BMI of the study participants (before = 28.30 ± 6.27; after = 27.43 ± 5.92) decreased slightly after Ramadan. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) (before= 128.10 ± 6.32; after, 123.09 ± 5.71) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (before = 81.21 ± 8.51; after = 79.83 ± 7.21) showed a slight reduction after Ramadan.

CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetic patients who performed Ramadan fasting displayed a lowering of HbA1c, LDL, TC, and TG, and increased HDL, but had small positive effects on body weight, BMI, as well as SBP and DBP. More studies are needed with a larger population in the future to assess the potential of Ramadan fasting as a therapeutic strategy for managing Type 2 diabetes.