bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYMMETRIC OPERADS IN ABSTRACT SYMMETRIC SPECTRA
Authors: Pavlov Dmitri , Scholbach Jakob
Published: May 2018

This paper sets up the foundations for derived algebraic geometry, Goerss–Hopkins obstruction theory, and the construction of commutative ring spectra in the abstract setting of operadic algebras in symmetric spectra in an (essentially) arbitrary model category. We show that one can do derived algebraic geometry a la Toën–Vezzosi in an abstract category of spectra. We also answer in the affirmative a question of Goerss and Hopkins by showing that the obstruction theory for operadic algebras in spectra can be done in the generality of spectra in an (essentially) arbitrary model category. We construct strictly commutative simplicial ring spectra representing a given cohomology theory and illustrate this with a strictly commutative motivic ring spectrum representing higher order products on Deligne cohomology. These results are obtained by first establishing Smith’s stable positive model structure for abstract spectra and then showing that this category of spectra possesses excellent model-theoretic properties: we show that all colored symmetric operads in symmetric spectra valued in a symmetric monoidal model category are admissible, i.e., algebras over such operads carry a model structure. This generalizes the known model structures on commutative ring spectra and$\text{E}_{\infty }$-ring spectra in simplicial sets or motivic spaces. We also show that any weak equivalence of operads in spectra gives rise to a Quillen equivalence of their categories of algebras. For example, this extends the familiar strictification of$\text{E}_{\infty }$-rings to commutative rings in a broad class of spectra, including motivic spectra. We finally show that operadic algebras in Quillen equivalent categories of spectra are again Quillen equivalent. This paper is also available atarXiv:1410.5699v2.
THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN MALE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION, 1973–2010
Authors: Lauritsen Janet L. , Heimer Karen , Lang Joseph B.
Published: May 2018

Latino and Black males are more likely to suffer serious violent victimization compared to White males, and it is likely that economic disadvantage and other individual level differences play a key role in these disparities. This study of self-reported data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1973–2010) is the first effort to assess three important issues: 1) the extent to which the relationship between serious violent victimization and race and ethnicity can be accounted for by age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment; 2) whether these factors have similar influences among Black, White, and Latino males; and 3) whether the net risk for violence associated with race and ethnicity has diminished over time. Our results show that disparities between Black and White male violent victimization decrease approximately 70% once age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment are taken into account, and that differences between Latinos and White males are fully accounted for by these factors. Poverty status is the only factor that varies in the strength of its association with violence across groups. We also find little evidence to suggest that the association between race, ethnicity and victimization risk changed significantly from 1973 to 2010, once other factors are considered. Despite notable declines in violence over this time period, Black and White disparities in male victimization persist over the past four decades; however, the relationship between poverty status and violence has increased some for Black and White males.
Tracking Physicochemical Conditions of Evaporite Deposition by Stable Magnesium Isotopes: A Case Study of Late Permian Langbeinites
Authors: Feng Chongqin , Gao Caihong , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Jacobsen Benjamin , Renne Paul R. , Wang Jun , Chang Su‐Chin
Published: May 2018

Magnesium isotopic compositions of evaporite deposits may record information concerning brine evolution during deposition. We report Mg isotopic values (δ26MgDSM3) measured from an evaporite deposit of langbeinite (K2Mg2(SO4)3) found in the Permian Salado Formation. We used these data to model Mg isotope fractionation between langbeinite and its parent brine. In addition, both measured and theoretical results are used to estimate precipitation temperature and interpret depositional environment. The Salado langbeinite δ26Mg values are relatively low and fall within a relatively narrow range (–4.12 ± 0.03‰ to −3.81 ± 0.07‰). Equilibrium fractionation factors between langbeinite and aqueous Mg2+ solutions were calculated using quantum chemical density functional theory. All computations were performed at the B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d,p) level. Solvation effects were addressed using a solvent model (“water‐droplet” approach) and mineral structures were investigated using volume variable cluster models (VVCM). The equilibrium Mg isotopic fractionation factors α between langbeinite and model brine solution we obtained are 1.0005, 1.0004, and 1.0003 (Δ26Mglangb‐water≈103lnα = 0.473‰, 0.390‰, and 0.322‰) at 10°C, 25°C, and 40°C, respectively. These relatively large equilibrium fractionation factors indicate significant Mg isotope fractionation between langbeinite and its parent brine during precipitation, as langbeinite preferentially incorporates the heavier 26Mg and 25Mg isotopes. Rayleigh distillation modeling of the Salado langbeinite's relatively light Mg isotopic composition requires δ26MgDSM3 values of −4‰ for the parent brine. Models favor a precipitation temperature as high as 40°C under equilibrium conditions. Potential disequilibrium precipitation conditions suggested by Mg isotopic data also imply rapid deposition in a hot, arid sedimentary environment prevailing in the southwestern U.S. during the Late Permian.
Constraining the Timing and Amplitude of Early Serpukhovian Glacioeustasy With a Continuous Carbonate Record in Northern Spain
Authors: Campion Alison , Maloof Adam , Schoene Blair , Oleynik Sergey , Sanz‐López Javier , Blanco‐Ferrera Silvia , Merino‐Tomé Oscar , Bahamonde Juan Ramón , Fernández Luis Pedro
Published: May 2018

During the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA, 345–260 Ma), an expansion of ice house conditions at ∼330 Ma caused a nearly synchronous, global unconformity. Subaerially exposed paleotropical carbonates were dissolved by meteoric waters, mixed with the light terrestrial carbon, and recrystallized with overprinted, diagenetic
C values. In Northern Spain, development of a rapidly subsiding foreland basin kept local sea level relatively high, allowing continuous carbonate deposition to record
C without meteoric overprint. The Spanish sections show a 2‰ increase in
C that can be modeled as the ocean's response to the creation of a significant light carbon sink through widespread meteoric diagenesis of marine carbonates during the near‐global hiatus. About 15–35 m of sea level fall would have exposed a large enough volume of carbonate to account for the positive excursion in
C of oceanic DIC. Combining the
C data with high resolution biostratigraphy and new ID‐TIMS U‐Pb zircon ages from interbedded tuffs, we calculate that the depositional hiatus and glacioeustatic fall caused by the early Serpukhovian phase of ice growth lasted for approximately 3.5 My.
Water in Abyssal Peridotite: Why Are Melt‐Depleted Rocks so Water Rich?
Authors: Schmädicke E. , Gose J. , Stalder R.
Published: May 2018

Evidence for the heterogeneity of the mantle's water content is generally acknowledged but it remains unclear if the variability of data is influenced by decompressional water loss. Here based on high water contents in peridotite, we explore if water gain may play a role. The study investigates water in abyssal peridotite by analyzing oriented orthopyroxene with polarized infrared radiation. Orthopyroxene from ODP‐Leg 153 (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge) contains 100 ppm more H2O (range: 220–323 ppm) than Leg 209 samples (range: 121–231 ppm). Possible explanations for high water concentrations are (1) water supply by gabbroic dykes, (2) reequilibration with ancient, H2O‐rich melts or melt‐derived fluid, (3) diffusional exchange between depleted peridotite and fertile rock volumes, or (4) high initial (premelting) water contents. Water in orthopyroxene is unrelated to the proximity of gabbroic dykes, and the inferred low H2O content of the latter renders possibility (1) unlikely. Possibilities (2) and (3) require that the rocks remained at mantle depth for an extended time span. This idea of a prolonged “mantle residence time” is corroborated by (i) literature data on isotopes and (ii) mantle equilibrium temperatures. Peridotite from Leg 153 reequilibrated at lower temperature (950–1,000°C) than Leg 209 peridotite (1,100–1,200°C) implying that more time elapsed between melt removal and exhumation—extending the time span for refertilization and explaining the its higher water content. The alternative that the measured concentrations are residual (4) requires high H2O amounts in original orthopyroxene (1,500 ppm) and peridotite (700 ppm)—values that are typical of an OIB‐source.
New Arctic Science Cooperation Agreement Comes into Force
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: May 2018

The agreement focuses on facilitating access to research areas, research infrastructure and facilities, and data.
Imprint of Holocene Climate Variability on Cold‐Water Coral Reef Growth at the SW Rockall Trough Margin, NE Atlantic
Authors: Bonneau Lucile , Colin Christophe , Pons‐Branchu Edwige , Mienis Furu , Tisnérat‐Laborde Nadine , Blamart Dominique , Elliot Mary , Collart Tim , Frank Norbert , Foliot Lorna , Douville Eric
Published: May 2018

U‐Th ages and temperatures derived from Li/Mg have been measured on coral fragments of Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata collected from two sediment cores, which were taken from cold‐water coral (CWC) mounds at 700–790m water depth at the SW Rockall Trough margin. Our data, combined with previous published data, have allowed us to first estimate the occurrence of CWC at the SW Rockall Trough margin during the Holocene and, second, to better constrain the environmental conditions driving variability in CWC growth. CWC abundance is marked by a pronounced increase in the mid‐Holocene (∼6 ka) and is modulated by millennial‐scale variability throughout the late‐Holocene. The mid‐Holocene proliferation of CWC coincides with lowest IRD abundances and a major reorganization of the circulation at thermocline depth in the Rockall Trough, marked by the progressive replacement of the fresh‐cold Sub‐Arctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) by the saltier and nutrient‐rich Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW). This event must have established a modern‐like winter mixed layer and thermocline structure, generating suitable conditions for enhanced surface productivity, downslope transport of food particles, bottom current acceleration at mound depth and thus CWC growth. Several short time intervals of decreased CWC occurrences closely match prominent increases in North Atlantic drift ice and storminess in Northern Europe. We, therefore, propose that high detrital supply and/or changes in the vertical density gradient associated with millennial‐scale ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) events are the likely controlling factors for CWC growth and subsequent mound formation on the SW Rockall Trough margin.
Constraints on the Source of the Martian Magnetic Anomalies Inferred From Relaxation Time of Remanent Magnetization
Authors: Sato M. , Yamamoto Y. , Nishioka T. , Kodama K. , Mochizuki N. , Ushioda M. , Nakada R. , Tsunakawa H.
Published: May 2018

The strong magnetic anomalies observed over Mars originate from remanence of deep crust, which should be preserved during 4 billion years. We estimate the relaxation time of remanence carried by various types of magnetite, considering temperature and pressure dependences of magnetic parameters. The estimation shows that acicular‐shaped single‐domain magnetite is needed to retain the thick magnetized layer during 4 billion years in a low‐Urey ratio scenario, whereas acicular‐shaped single‐domain, equidimensional single‐domain, and pseudo‐single‐domain magnetites can be the source of anomalies in a high‐Urey ratio scenario. In each case, fine‐grained (<10 μm) and preferably high‐aspect‐ratio magnetite in deep crust is needed to explain the observed anomalies.
Hypocenter Migration and Seismicity Pattern Change in the Yamagata‐Fukushima Border, NE Japan, Caused by Fluid Movement and Pore Pressure Variation
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Hasegawa Akira
Published: May 2018

The spatiotemporal distributions of hypocenters and temporal change in seismicity patterns were investigated in details for events in the Yamagata‐Fukushima border earthquake swarm, which was a remotely triggered earthquake sequence by the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. We relocated the hypocenters by applying the double‐difference location method to differential arrival time data obtained by waveform cross correlations together with the Japan Meteorological Agency catalogue data. The hypocenter distribution obtained clearly shows that the hypocenters are concentrated on several discrete planes and migrate along those planes from deeper to shallower levels instead of diffusing isotropically. Most of the events have nodal planes of focal mechanisms parallel to those discrete planes, suggesting that ruptures of individual events occurred along those macroscopic planes. The timing of earthquake occurrences is almost random during the initial ~50 days, but it gradually becomes temporally clustered in later periods, with the number of events decaying aftershock‐like after relatively large events. These observations suggest that the present swarm is caused by a reduction in frictional strength due to the increased pore pressure of fluids rising from greater depths in response to the decrease in arc‐normal compressional stress associated with the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The fluids permeated into several existing planes, reduced frictional strengths, caused the present earthquake swarm, and migrated upward along the planes with the hypocenters. Our previous observations that stress drops are systematically low and b‐values are high during the initial ~50 days can be readily explained if the pore pressure is especially high during that period.
Long‐Lasting Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion Observed in New Zealand During the 7–8 September 2017 Disturbed Period
Authors: Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J. , Brundell James B. , Dalzell Michael , Martin Ian , Mac Manus Daniel H. , Thomson Neil R. , Petersen Tanja , Obana Yuki
Published: May 2018

Several periods of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) were detected in the Halfway Bush substation in Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand, as a result of intense geomagnetic storm activity during 6 to 9 September 2017. Unprecedented data coverage from a unique combination of instrumentation is analyzed, that is, measurements of GIC on the single‐phase bank transformer T4 located within the substation, nearby magnetic field perturbation measurements, very low frequency (VLF) wideband measurements detecting the presence of power system harmonics, and high‐voltage harmonic distortion measurements. Two solar wind shocks occurred within 25 hr, generating four distinct periods of GIC. Two of the GIC events were associated with the arrival of the shocks themselves. These generated large but short‐lived GIC effects that resulted in no observable harmonic generation. Nearby and more distant magnetometers showed good agreement in measuring these global‐scale magnetic field perturbations. However, two subsequent longer‐lasting GIC periods, up to 30 min in duration, generated harmonics detected by the VLF receiver systems, when GIC levels continuously exceeded 15 A in T4. Nearby and more distant magnetometers showed differences in their measurements of the magnetic field perturbations at these times, suggesting the influence of small‐scale ionospheric current structures close to Dunedin. VLF receiver systems picked up harmonics from the substation, up to the 30th harmonic, consistent with observed high‐voltage increases in even harmonic distortion, along with small decreases in odd harmonic distortion.
Correction: Publisher Correction: The CaMKII holoenzyme structure in activation-competent conformations
Authors: Myers Janette B. , Zaegel Vincent , Coultrap Steven J. , Miller Adam P. , Bayer K. Ulrich , Reichow Steve L.
Published: May 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15742 (2017); Published 7 June 2017; Updated 25 May 2018 The previously published version of this Article contained an error in Figure 7. In panel b, the % Compact subunits was shown as ‘<30%’ but should have instead been ‘<3%’. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Correction: Author Correction: Defective Gpsm2/Gαi3 signalling disrupts stereocilia development and growth cone actin dynamics in Chudley-McCullough syndrome
Authors: Mauriac Stephanie A. , Hien Yeri E. , Bird Jonathan E. , Carvalho Steve Dos-Santos , Peyroutou Ronan , Lee Sze Chim , Moreau Maite M. , Blanc Jean-Michel , Gezer Aysegul , Medina Chantal , Thoumine Olivier , Beer-Hammer Sandra , Friedman Thomas B. , Rüttiger Lukas , Forge Andrew , Nürnberg Bernd , Sans Nathalie , Montcouquiol Mireille
Published: May 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14907 (2017); Published: 7 April 2017; Updated: 25 May 2018 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Aysegul Gezer, which was incorrectly given as Aysegul Geyser. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Inferior olive CRF plays a role in motor performance under challenging conditions
Authors: Ezra-Nevo Gili , Volk Naama , Ramot Assaf , Kuehne Claudia , Tsoory Michael , Deussing Jan , Chen Alon
Published: May 2018

A well-coordinated stress response is pivotal for an organisms’ survival. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is an essential component of the emotional and neuroendocrine stress response, however its role in cerebellar functions is poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of CRF in the inferior olive (IO) nucleus, which is a major source of input to the cerebellum. Using a CRF reporter line, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate very high levels of the CRF neuropeptide expression throughout the IO sub-regions. By generating and characterizing IO-specific CRF knockdown and partial IO-CRF knockout, we demonstrate that reduction in IO-CRF levels is sufficient to induce motor deficiency under challenging conditions, irrespective of basal locomotion or anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, we show that chronic social defeat stress induces a persistent decrease in IO-CRF levels, and that IO-CRF mRNA is upregulated shortly following stressful situations that demand a complex motor response. Taken together our results indicate a role for IO-CRF in challenge-induced motor responses.
Operando monitoring the lithium spatial distribution of lithium metal anodes
Authors: Lv Shasha , Verhallen Tomas , Vasileiadis Alexandros , Ooms Frans , Xu Yaolin , Li Zhaolong , Li Zhengcao , Wagemaker Marnix
Published: May 2018

Electrical mobility demands an increase of battery energy density beyond current lithium-ion technology. A crucial bottleneck is the development of safe and reversible lithium-metal anodes, which is challenged by short circuits caused by lithium-metal dendrites and a short cycle life owing to the reactivity with electrolytes. The evolution of the lithium-metal-film morphology is relatively poorly understood because it is difficult to monitor lithium, in particular during battery operation. Here we employ operando neutron depth profiling as a noninvasive and versatile technique, complementary to microscopic techniques, providing the spatial distribution/density of lithium during plating and stripping. The evolution of the lithium-metal-density-profile is shown to depend on the current density, electrolyte composition and cycling history, and allows monitoring the amount and distribution of inactive lithium over cycling. A small amount of reversible lithium uptake in the copper current collector during plating and stripping is revealed, providing insights towards improved lithium-metal anodes.
Uncertainty about social interactions leads to the evolution of social heuristics
Authors: van den Berg Pieter , Wenseleers Tom
Published: May 2018

Individuals face many types of social interactions throughout their lives, but they often cannot perfectly assess what the consequences of their actions will be. Although it is known that unpredictable environments can profoundly affect the evolutionary process, it remains unclear how uncertainty about the nature of social interactions shapes the evolution of social behaviour. Here, we present an evolutionary simulation model, showing that even intermediate uncertainty leads to the evolution of simple cooperation strategies that disregard information about the social interaction (‘social heuristics’). Moreover, our results show that the evolution of social heuristics can greatly affect cooperation levels, nearly doubling cooperation rates in our simulations. These results provide new insight into why social behaviour, including cooperation in humans, is often observed to be seemingly suboptimal. More generally, our results show that social behaviour that seems maladaptive when considered in isolation may actually be well-adapted to a heterogeneous and uncertain world.
SIRT1, miR-132 and miR-212 link human longevity to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hadar A. , Milanesi E. , Walczak M. , Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. , Kuźnicki J. , Squassina A. , Niola P. , Chillotti C. , Attems J. , Gozes I. , Gurwitz D.
Published: May 2018

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Centenarians – reaching the age of >100 years while maintaining good cognitive skills – seemingly have unique biological features allowing healthy aging and protection from dementia. Here, we studied the expression of SIRT1 along with miR-132 and miR-212, two microRNAs known to regulate SIRT1, in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 45 healthy donors aged 21 to 105 years and 24 AD patients, and in postmortem olfactory bulb and hippocampus tissues from 14 AD patients and 20 age-matched non-demented individuals. We observed 4.0-fold (P = 0.001) lower expression of SIRT1, and correspondingly higher expression of miR-132 (1.7-fold; P = 0.014) and miR-212 (2.1-fold; P = 0.036), in LCLs from AD patients compared with age-matched healthy controls. Additionally, SIRT1 expression was 2.2-fold (P = 0.001) higher in centenarian LCLs compared with LCLs from individuals aged 56–82 years; while centenarian LCLs miR-132 and miR-212 indicated 7.6-fold and 4.1-fold lower expression, respectively. Correlations of SIRT1, miR-132 and miR-212 expression with cognitive scores were observed for AD patient-derived LCLs and postmortem AD olfactory bulb and hippocampus tissues, suggesting that higher SIRT1 expression, possibly mediated by lower miR-132 and miR-212, may protect aged individuals from dementia and is reflected in their peripheral tissues.
Molecular recognition of wood polyphenols by phase II detoxification enzymes of the white rot Trametes versicolor
Authors: Schwartz Mathieu , Perrot Thomas , Aubert Emmanuel , Dumarçay Stéphane , Favier Frédérique , Gérardin Philippe , Morel-Rouhier Mélanie , Mulliert Guillermo , Saiag Fanny , Didierjean Claude , Gelhaye Eric
Published: May 2018

Wood decay fungi have complex detoxification systems that enable them to cope with secondary metabolites produced by plants. Although the number of genes encoding for glutathione transferases is especially expanded in lignolytic fungi, little is known about their target molecules. In this study, by combining biochemical, enzymatic and structural approaches, interactions between polyphenols and six glutathione transferases from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor have been demonstrated. Two isoforms, named TvGSTO3S and TvGSTO6S have been deeply studied at the structural level. Each isoform shows two distinct ligand-binding sites, a narrow L-site at the dimer interface and a peculiar deep hydrophobic H-site. In TvGSTO3S, the latter appears optimized for aromatic ligand binding such as hydroxybenzophenones. Affinity crystallography revealed that this H-site retains the flavonoid dihydrowogonin from a partially purified wild-cherry extract. Besides, TvGSTO6S binds two molecules of the flavonoid naringenin in the L-site. These data suggest that TvGSTO isoforms could interact with plant polyphenols released during wood degradation.
Inhibitory effects of Myricetin derivatives on curli-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Arita-Morioka Ken-ichi , Yamanaka Kunitoshi , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu , Tanaka Yoshihiko , Ogura Teru , Sugimoto Shinya
Published: May 2018

Biofilms are well-organised communities of microbes embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix (e.g., curli amyloid fibers) and are associated with chronic infections. Therefore, development of anti-biofilm drugs is important to combat with these infections. Previously, we found that flavonol Myricetin inhibits curli-dependent biofilm formation by Escherichia coli (IC50 = 46.2 μM). In this study, we tested activities of seven Myricetin-derivatives to inhibit biofilm formation by E. coli K-12 in liquid culture. Among them, only Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, inhibited biofilm formation of K-12 (IC50 = 5.9 μM) more efficiently than Myricetin. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that EGCG prevented curli production by suppressing the expression of curli-related proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts of csgA, csgB, and csgD were significantly reduced in the presence of EGCG. Interestingly, the cellular level of RpoS, a stationary-phase specific alternative sigma factor, was reduced in the presence of EGCG, whereas the rpoS transcript was not affected. Antibiotic-chase experiments and genetic analyses revealed that EGCG accelerated RpoS degradation by ATP-dependent protease ClpXP in combination with its adaptor RssB. Collectively, these results provide significant insights into the development of drugs to treat chronic biofilm-associated infections.
Molecular basis for dengue virus broad cross-neutralization by humanized monoclonal antibody 513
Authors: Wong Yee Hwa , Kumar Akshita , Liew Chong Wai , Tharakaraman Kannan , Srinivasaraghavan Kannan , Sasisekharan Ram , Verma Chandra , Lescar Julien
Published: May 2018

Dengue is a widespread viral disease with 3.6 billion people at risk worldwide. Humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 513, currently undergoing clinical trials in Singapore, targets an epitope on the envelope protein domain III exposed at the surface of the viral particle. This antibody potently neutralizes all four dengue virus serotypes in a humanized mouse model that recapitulates human dengue infection, without signs of antibody-mediated enhancement of the disease. The crystal structure of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) 513 bound to the envelope protein domain III from dengue virus serotype 4 was used as a template to explore the molecular origins of the broader cross-reactivity and increased in vivo potency of mAb 513, compared to the parent murine mAb 4E11, using molecular dynamics simulations and network analyses. These two methods are a powerful complement to existing structural and binding data and detail specific interactions that underpin the differential binding of the two antibodies. We found that a Glu at position H55 (GluH55) from the second Complementarity Determining Region of the Heavy chain (CDR-H2) which corresponds to Ala in 4E11, is a major contributor to the enhancement in the interactions of mAb 513 compared to 4E11. Importantly, we also validate the importance of GluH55 using site-directed mutagenesis followed by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements.
Molecular recognition of RAS/RAF complex at the membrane: Role of RAF cysteine-rich domain
Authors: Travers Timothy , López Cesar A. , Van Que N. , Neale Chris , Tonelli Marco , Stephen Andrew G. , Gnanakaran S.
Published: May 2018

Activation of RAF kinase involves the association of its RAS-binding domain (RBD) and cysteine-rich domain (CRD) with membrane-anchored RAS. However, the overall architecture of the RAS/RBD/CRD ternary complex and the orientations of its constituent domains at the membrane remain unclear. Here, we have combined all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with experimental data to construct and validate a model of membrane-anchored CRD, and used this as a basis to explore models of membrane-anchored RAS/RBD/CRD complex. First, simulations of the CRD revealed that it anchors to the membrane via insertion of its two hydrophobic loops, which is consistent with our NMR measurements of CRD bound to nanodiscs. Simulations of the CRD in the context of membrane-anchored RAS/RBD then show how CRD association with either RAS or RBD could play an unexpected role in guiding the membrane orientations of RAS/RBD. This finding has implications for the formation of RAS-RAS dimers, as different membrane orientations of RAS expose distinct putative dimerization interfaces.
Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Characterization of an Anisotropic Shale
Authors: Luo Y. , Xie H. P. , Ren L. , Zhang R. , Li C. B. , Gao C.
Published: May 2018

The existence of bedding planes in natural shale formations makes the fracture characterization remarkably complicated. To achieve a further understanding of the anisotropic crack extension behaviors of shale using a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach, four groups of three-point bending tests on Longmaxi shale from southeast Chongqing were conducted in this study with different bedding plane inclination angles. The fracture propagation paths were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that cracks initiated along the bedding plane when the bedding plane inclination angle (i.e., the angle between the loading direction and the normal direction of the bedding plane) was relatively large; in contrast, cracks penetrated into the matrix and induced higher fracture toughness in cases with lower bedding plane inclination angle. Brittle fractures occurred in the tested shale, and the fracture strength was strongly dependent on the bedding plane inclination angle. Meanwhile, the stress field around the crack tip was analyzed theoretically. The results indicated that the crack tip stress field of anisotropic shale is not only determined by the stress intensity factor but also related to the elastic constants and bedding plane inclination angle. Furthermore, a criterion for determining whether a crack extends along the bedding plane was developed by distinguishing the differences in the strengths of the shale bedding and the matrix.
Unravelling the origin of the basket stars and their allies (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)
Authors: Thuy Ben , Stöhr Sabine
Published: May 2018

Euryalids, which include the spectacular basket stars, form a morphologically aberrant group of brittle stars. Surprisingly, the most recent molecular work found them to be sister to ophiurid brittle stars, thus challenging the traditional dichotomy between euryalids and non-euryalids, and leaving an enormous ghost lineage of more than 100 million years between the oldest unambiguous euryalid fossils and their predicted divergence from ophiurids during the Triassic. Here we examine both previously known and newly collected fossils to explore the evolutionary history of euryalids. A morphology-based phylogenetic estimate confirms the Triassic Aspiduriella as a basal member of the euryalid clade that superficially resembles members of the living ophiurid sister clades. Furthermore, we use lateral arm plates and vertebrae to identify two new Jurassic ophiuroids, Melusinaster alissawhitegluzae and Melusinaster arcusinimicus, as early euryalids that are morphologically intermediate between Aspiduriella and extant euryalids. Our phylogenetic analysis is the first to combine data from completely preserved skeletons and from microfossils in order to bridge morphological and stratigraphical gaps between the sampled taxa. It fills a major gap in the fossil record of euryalids and sets a robust phylogenetic framework to understand the morphological transition from ophiurid-like ancestors to the typical modern euryalids better.
Expression of hybrid fusion protein (Cry1Ac::ASAL) in transgenic rice plants imparts resistance against multiple insect pests
Authors: Boddupally Dayakar , Tamirisa Srinath , Gundra Sivakrishna Rao , Vudem Dashavantha Reddy , Khareedu Venkateswara Rao
Published: May 2018

To evolve rice varieties resistant to different groups of insect pests a fusion gene, comprising DI and DII domains of Bt Cry1Ac and carbohydrate binding domain of garlic lectin (ASAL), was constructed. Transgenic rice lines were generated and evaluated to assess the efficacy of Cry1Ac::ASAL fusion protein against three major pests, viz., yellow stem borer (YSB), leaf folder (LF) and brown planthopper (BPH). Molecular analyses of transgenic plants revealed stable integration and expression of the fusion gene. In planta insect bioassays on transgenics disclosed enhanced levels of resistance compared to the control plants. High insect mortality of YSB, LF and BPH was observed on transgenics compared to that of control plants. Furthermore, honeydew assays revealed significant decreases in the feeding ability of BPH on transgenic plants as compared to the controls. Ligand blot analysis, using BPH insects fed on cry1Ac::asal transgenic rice plants, revealed a modified receptor protein-binding pattern owing to its ability to bind to additional receptors in insects. The overall results authenticate that Cry1Ac::ASAL protein is endowed with remarkable entomotoxic effects against major lepidopteran and hemipteran insects. As such, the fusion gene appears promising and can be introduced into various other crops to control multiple insect pests.
Dynamic Expression Profile, Regulatory Mechanism and Correlation with Egg-laying Performance of ACSF Gene Family in Chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Tian Weihua , Zheng Hang , Yang Liyu , Li Hong , Tian Yadong , Wang Yanbin , Lyu Shijie , Brockmann Gudrun A. , Kang Xiangtao , Liu Xiaojun
Published: May 2018

Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are responsible for acyl-CoA synthesis from nonpolar hydrophilic fatty acids and play a vital role in many metabolic processes. As a category of ACS isozymes, members of ACS family (ACSF1-3) participate in lipid metabolism; however, their expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms and effects on egg-laying performance in chicken are poorly understood. Our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that ACSF1-3 genes were extensively expressed, and their expression levels changed dynamically in the liver among different development stages. Moreover, ACSF1 expression was upregulated and ACSF2 expression was downregulated by estrogen, but ACSF3 showed no response to estrogen treatment. The regulatory effect of estrogen on ACSF1 expression was mediated via ERα. The ACSF2 was highly expressed in the liver in peak-laying hens compared with pre-laying and late-laying hens, and also highly expressed in the liver continued egg-laying hens compared with inactive egg-laying hens. It is suggested that hepatic ACSF2 expression level might relate to egg-laying performance in chicken. In conclusion, the expression of ACSF1 was upregulated by estrogen via ERα, and the expression of ACSF2 was downregulated by estrogen and might be related to egg-laying performance in chicken.
Correction: Corrigendum: A Stronger Multi-observable Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Song Qiu-Cheng , Li Jun-Li , Peng Guang-Xiong , Qiao Cong-Feng
Published: May 2018

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44764; published online: 20 March 2017; updated: 25 May 2018 This Article contains errors in the following equations: In Equation 7, should read: In Equation 9, should read: In Equation 10, should read: In Equation 16, should read: In Equation 17, should read:
Promoting effect of ceria on the performance of NiPd/CeO2–Al2O3catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of 1-butene
Authors: Méndez Franklin J. , Piccolo Laurent , Solano Roger , Aouine Mimoun , Villasana Yanet , Guerra Julia , Curbelo Susana , Olivera-Fuentes Claudio , Brito Joaquín L.
Published: May 2018

We focus on the selective hydrogenation using NiPd/(xCeO2-)Al2O3catalysts under liquid and gas conditions.
Reversible thermosalience of 4-aminobenzonitrile
Authors: Alimi Lukman O. , van Heerden Dewald P. , Lama Prem , Smith Vincent J. , Barbour Leonard J.
Published: May 2018

Crystals of 4-aminobenzonitrile grown by sublimation undergo a reversible thermosalient phase change during cooling and subsequent heating. Single-crystal diffraction studies have been carried out at 20 K intervals during cooling from 300 to 100 K in order to explain the structural change that occurs.
Interesting fluorine anion water clusters [F−·(H2O)n] in metal complex crystals
Authors: Jian Fang Fang , Liu E. , Ma Jun Ying
Published: May 2018

Three crystalline complexes containing fluorine anion water cluster were reported. The fluoride anions and water molecules are H-bonded to each other in an alternating fashion within the fluoride–water hybrid cluster, where a fluoride anion plays the important role.
Visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction over ZnxCd1−xS solid solution coupling with tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin iron(iii) chloride
Authors: Li Pan , Zhang Xuehua , Hou Chunchao , Lin Lin , Chen Yong , He Tao
Published: May 2018

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into solar fuels is a promising approach to supply sustainable energy and efficiently use CO2 as a resource.
Efficient solar light-driven H2 production: post-synthetic encapsulation of a Cu2O co-catalyst in a metal–organic framework (MOF) for boosting the effective charge carrier separation
Authors: Karthik Peramaiah , Balaraman Ekambaram , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw
Published: May 2018

The development of new and efficient catalytic systems for solar light-driven hydrogen generation is one of the prime focuses of contemporary chemical sciences.
Acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols using Cu–Fe catalysts prepared from Cu–Fe layered double hydroxides as precursors
Authors: Putro Wahyu S. , Kojima Takashi , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo
Published: May 2018

Cu–Fe catalysts prepared from Cu–Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibited high activity for dehydrogenation of alcohols under oxidant- and base-free conditions.
Redox-driven porphyrin based systems for new luminescent molecular switches
Authors: Norel Lucie , Tourbillon Clarisse , Warnan Julien , Audibert Jean-Frédéric , Pellegrin Yann , Miomandre Fabien , Odobel Fabrice , Rigaut Stéphane
Published: May 2018

This work explores the possibility of controlling the fluorescence of porphyrins via oxidation of a ruthenium acetylide unit. The modulation depends on the nature of the porphyrin unit(s).
EGCG stimulates the recruitment of brite adipocytes, suppresses adipogenesis and counteracts TNF-α-triggered insulin resistance in adipocytes
Authors: Mi Yashi , Liu Xiao , Tian Haoyu , Liu Hua , Li Jing , Qi Guoyuan , Liu Xuebo
Published: May 2018

The global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes has precipitated the need for therapeutic intervention in the arsenal against adiposity.
Synthesis of water-soluble anthracene-appended benzoxaboroles and evaluation of their cis-1,2-diol recognition properties
Authors: Kusano S. , Konishi S. , Yamada Y. , Hayashida O.
Published: May 2018

The binding studies of anthracene-appended benzoxaboroles 1a–c envisioned the utility of benzoxaborole as a recognition motif of cis-1,2-diol derivatives in fluorescent probes.
Thermal rearrangement of ortho-allyloxypolyimide membranes and the effect of the degree of functionalization
Authors: Meis David , Tena Alberto , Neumann Silvio , Georgopanos Prokopios , Emmler Thomas , Shishatskiy Sergey , Rangou Sofia , Filiz Volkan , Abetz Volker
Published: May 2018

Aromatic polyimides containing different ratios of ortho-hydroxy to ortho-allyloxy units were prepared and thermally rearranged.
Synthesis of 2-aminobenzaldehydes by rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H amidation of aldehydes with dioxazolones
Authors: Liu Chen-Fei , Liu Man , Sun Jun-Shu , Li Chao , Dong Lin
Published: May 2018

Various aldehydes were directly amidated with dioxazolones to afford 2-aminobenzaldehydes through rhodium(iii)-catalyzed CHO-directed C–H activation.
Dispersing upconversion nanocrystals in PMMA microfiber: a novel methodology for temperature sensing
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Zhang Yundong , Cui Lugui , Liu Lu , Butt Mehwish Khalid , Li Hanyang
Published: May 2018

The synthesis of a β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+phosphor by a thermal decomposition method, focusing on the fabrication of microfibers by the co-doping of nanocrystals with PMMA solution.
Preparation and performance of electrically conductive Nb-doped TiO2/polyaniline bilayer coating for 316L stainless steel bipolar plates of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Wang Yanli , Zhang Shenghua , Lu Zhaoxia , Wang Ping , Ji Xiaohong , Li Weihua
Published: May 2018

A bilayer coating composed of an inner layer of Nb-doped TiO2 and an external polyaniline layer with small SO42− groups was prepared; the bilayer coating could protect 316L more effectively from the penetration of corrosive ions.
A comparative study on the electrochemical properties of nanoporous nickel oxide nanowires and nanosheets prepared by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Nguyen Kien , Hoa Nguyen Duc , Hung Chu Manh , Thanh Le Dang Thi , Van Duy Nguyen , Van Hieu Nguyen
Published: May 2018

Nanoporous NiO nanosheets and nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and their electrochemical properties were compared. Results show that the nanoporous NiO nanosheets have a better electrochemical performance and suitable for supercapacitor application.
Surface functionality density regulated in situ reduction of nanosilver on hierarchial wrinkled mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Wan Xuejuan , Wu Lisi , Pei Hang , Ke Haoqi , Yang Guanghui , Tang Jiaoning
Published: May 2018

Nanosilver with diverse particle size was attached onto hierarchical WMS, and the resulted samples showed excellent antibacterial properties.
Temperature dependent chiroptical response of sigmoidal gold clusters: probing the stability of chiral metal clusters
Authors: Guo Ping , Yang Biao , Zhang Li , Zhao Liang
Published: May 2018

Three chiral gold cluster compounds are herein selected to probe how structural factors influence the cluster stability upon heating.
Modular access to functionalized 5–8–5 fused ring systems via a photoinduced cycloisomerization reaction
Authors: Salvati Anna E. , Law James A. , Liriano Josue , Frederich James H.
Published: May 2018

A photoinduced isomerization reaction enables stereocontrolled access to a range of fused 5–8–5 ring systems.
DIS3 isoforms vary in their endoribonuclease activity and are differentially expressed within haematological cancers
Authors: Robinson Sophie R. , Viegas Sandra C. , Matos Rute G. , Domingues Susana , Bedir Marisa , Stewart Helen J.S. , Chevassut Timothy J. , Oliver Antony W. , Arraiano Cecilia M. , Newbury Sarah F.
Published: May 2018

DIS3 (defective in sister chromatid joining) is the catalytic subunit of the exosome, a protein complex involved in the 3′–5′ degradation of RNAs. DIS3 is a highly conserved exoribonuclease, also known as Rrp44. Global sequencing studies have identified DIS3 as being mutated in a range of cancers, with a considerable incidence in multiple myeloma. In this work, we have identified two protein-coding isoforms of DIS3. Both isoforms are functionally relevant and result from alternative splicing. They differ from each other in the size of their N-terminal PIN (PilT N-terminal) domain, which has been shown to have endoribonuclease activity and tether DIS3 to the exosome. Isoform 1 encodes a full-length PIN domain, whereas the PIN domain of isoform 2 is shorter and is missing a segment with conserved amino acids. We have carried out biochemical activity assays on both isoforms of full-length DIS3 and the isolated PIN domains. We find that isoform 2, despite missing part of the PIN domain, has greater endonuclease activity compared with isoform 1. Examination of the available structural information allows us to provide a hypothesis to explain this altered behaviour. Our results also show that multiple myeloma patient cells and all cancer cell lines tested have higher levels of isoform 1 compared with isoform 2, whereas acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia patient cells and samples from healthy donors have similar levels of isoforms 1 and 2. Taken together, our data indicate that significant changes in the ratios of the two isoforms could be symptomatic of haematological cancers.
Association between long non-coding RNA polymorphisms and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Weiyue , Shao Zengwu
Published: May 2018

Several studies have suggested that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene polymorphisms are associated with cancer risk. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis related to studies on the association between lncRNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the overall risk of cancer. A total of 12 SNPs in five common lncRNA genes were finally included in the meta-analysis. In the lncRNA antisense non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), the rs1333048 A/C, rs4977574 A/G, and rs10757278 A/G polymorphisms, but not rs1333045 C/T, were correlated with overall cancer risk. Our study also demonstrated that other SNPs were correlated with overall cancer risk, namely, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1, rs619586 A/G), HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (HOTTIP, rs1859168 A/C), and highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC, rs7763881 A/C). Moreover, four prostate cancer-associated ncRNA 1 (PRNCR1, rs16901946 G/A, rs13252298 G/A, rs1016343 T/C, and rs1456315 G/A) SNPs were in association with cancer risk. No association was found between the PRNCR1 (rs7007694 C/T) SNP and the risk of cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that several studied lncRNA SNPs are associated with overall cancer risk. Therefore, they might be potential predictive biomarkers for the risk of cancer. More studies based on larger sample sizes and more lncRNA SNPs are warranted to confirm these findings.