bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection of Control Moment Gyroscope Based on Working Condition Classification and Transfer Learning
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Wang Shuchen , Wang Saijin , Xu Qizhi
Published: March 2023

The process of human exploration of the universe has accelerated, and aerospace technology has developed rapidly. The health management and prognosis guarantee of spacecraft systems has become an important basic technology. However, with thousands of telemetry data channels and massive data scales, spacecraft systems are increasingly complex. The anomaly detection that relied on simple threshold judgment and expert manual annotation in the past is no longer applicable. In addition, the particularity of the anomaly detection task leads to the lack of fault data for training. Therefore, a data-driven deep transfer learning-based approach is needed for rapid analysis and accurate detection of large-scale data. The control moment gyroscope (CMG) is a significant inertial actuator in the process of large-scale, long-life spacecraft in-orbit operation and mission execution. Its anomaly detection plays a major role in the prevention and elimination of early failures. Based on the research of SincNet and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, this paper proposed a Sinc-LSTM neural network based on transfer learning and working condition classification for CMG anomaly detection. First, a two-stage pre-training method is proposed to alleviate the data imbalance, using the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) dataset and a satellite dataset from NASA. Second, the Sinc-LSTM network is designed to enhance the local fitting and long-period memory ability of the model for CMG time series data. Finally, a dynamic threshold judgment anomaly detection method based on working condition classification is designed to accommodate threshold changes for CMG full-cycle anomaly detection. The method is validated on the spacecraft CMG dataset.
Microalgal Systems, a Green Solution for Wastewater Conventional Pollutants Removal, Disinfection, and Reduction of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Prevalence?
Authors: Amaro Helena M. , Sousa Joana F. , Salgado Eva M. , Pires José C. M. , Nunes Olga C.
Published: March 2023

The low-efficiency rate of urban wastewater (UWW) treatment generates tons of discharged water with a high concentration of pollutants, pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Microalgal systems may be a green alternative to be implemented as a UWW polishing treatment. This study assessed the ability of Chlorella vulgaris and UWW autochthonous microalgal species (AMS) to simultaneously remove PO4–P, and reduce the proliferation of coliforms and ARGs. AMS seems to be more promising due to: (i) the higher specific growth rate, μmax (0.687 ± 0.065 d−1); (ii) efficient PO4–P removal (92.62 ± 0.10%); (iii) faster reduction of coliforms proliferation achieving concentrations below the limits of quantification (6 d); (iv) the reduction of intl1 and the ARGs sul1 and blaTEM abundance in ca. of 70.4%, 69.2%, and 75.7%, respectively (9 d); and (v) the additional reduction of these genes in ca. of 97.1%, 94.2%, and 99.9%, respectively, after 5 d storage in the dark and at room temperature. Results also revealed that the high pH values in both microalgal systems (due to microalgal growth) were highly correlated with a reduction in the proliferation of coliforms, including Escherichia coli. In conclusion, using AMS as a final polishing treatment of UWW seems to be very promising.
The Impact of Left Ventricular Performance and Afterload on the Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A 1D Mathematical Modeling Approach
Authors: Çelikbudak Orhon Cemre , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Noble Stéphane , Giannakopoulos Georgios , Müller Hajo , Adamopoulos Dionysios
Published: March 2023

The transaortic valvular pressure gradient (TPG) plays a central role in decision-making for patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis. However, the flow-dependence nature of the TPG makes the diagnosis of aortic stenosis challenging since the markers of cardiac performance and afterload present high physiological interdependence and thus, isolated effects cannot be measured directly in vivo. We used a validated 1D mathematical model of the cardiovascular system, coupled with a model of aortic stenosis, to assess and quantify the independent effect of the main left ventricular performance parameters (end-systolic (Ees) and end-diastolic (Eed) elastance) and principal afterload indices (total vascular resistance (TVR) and total arterial compliance (TAC)) on the TPG for different levels of aortic stenosis. In patients with critical aortic stenosis (aortic valve area (AVA) ≤ 0.6 cm2), a 10% increase of Eed from the baseline value was associated with the most important effect on the TPG (−5.6 ± 0.5 mmHg, p < 0.001), followed by a similar increase of Ees (3.4 ± 0.1 mmHg, p < 0.001), in TAC (1.3 ±0.2 mmHg, p < 0.001) and TVR (−0.7 ± 0.04 mmHg, p < 0.001). The interdependence of the TPG left ventricular performance and afterload indices become stronger with increased aortic stenosis severity. Disregarding their effects may lead to an underestimation of stenosis severity and a potential delay in therapeutic intervention. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular function and afterload should be performed, especially in cases of diagnostic challenge, since it may offer the pathophysiological mechanism that explains the mismatch between aortic severity and the TPG.
Kanamycin and Ofloxacin Activate the Intrinsic Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Vatlin Aleksey A. , Bekker Olga B. , Shur Kirill V. , Ilyasov Rustem A. , Shatrov Petr A. , Maslov Dmitry A. , Danilenko Valery N.
Published: March 2023

Drug resistance (DR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main problem in fighting tuberculosis (TB). This pathogenic bacterium has several types of DR implementation: acquired and intrinsic DR. Recent studies have shown that exposure to various antibiotics activates multiple genes, including genes responsible for intrinsic DR. To date, there is evidence of the acquisition of resistance at concentrations well below the standard MICs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of intrinsic drug cross-resistance induction by subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. We showed that pretreatment of M. smegmatis with low doses of antibiotics (kanamycin and ofloxacin) induced drug resistance. This effect may be caused by a change in the expression of transcriptional regulators of the mycobacterial resistome, in particular the main transcriptional regulator whiB7.
Low-Dose Immunotherapy: Is It Just an Illusion?
Authors: Meriggi Fausto , Zaniboni Alberto , Zaltieri Anna
Published: March 2023

The development and use of immunotherapy in the last decade have led to a drastic improvement in results in the onco-haematological field. This has implied, on the one hand, the need for clinicians to manage a new type of adverse event and, on the other hand, a significant increase in costs. However, emerging scientific evidence suggests that, as with other drugs in the recent past, the registry dosage can be drastically reduced for immunotherapies without penalizing their effectiveness. This would also lead to an important reduction in costs, expanding the audience of cancer patients who could access immunotherapy-based treatments. In this “Commentary”, we analyze the available evidence of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the most recent literature in favor of low-dose immunotherapy.
Biological Role and Aberrant Overexpression of Syntenin-1 in Cancer: Potential Role as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Pintor-Romero Valeria Guadalupe , Hurtado-Ortega Edgar , Nicolás-Morales María Lilia , Gutiérrez-Torres Mayralina , Vences-Velázquez Amalia , Ortuño-Pineda Carlos , Espinoza-Rojo Mónica , Navarro-Tito Napoleón , Cortés-Sarabia Karen
Published: March 2023

Syntenin-1 is a 298 amino acid protein codified by the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-9 (MDA-9). Structurally, it is composed of four domains: N-terminal, PDZ1, PDZ2, and C-terminal. The PDZ domains of syntenin-1 are involved in the stability and interaction with other molecules such as proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids. Domains are also associated with several biological functions such as the activation of signaling pathways related to cell-to-cell adhesion, signaling translation, and the traffic of intracellular lipids, among others. The overexpression of syntenin-1 has been reported in glioblastoma, colorectal, melanoma, lung, prostate, and breast cancer, which promotes tumorigenesis by regulating cell migration, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune response evasion, and metastasis. The overexpression of syntenin-1 in samples has been associated with worst prognostic and recurrence, whereas the use of inhibitors such as shRNA, siRNA, and PDZli showed a diminution of the tumor size and reduction in metastasis and invasion. Syntenin-1 has been suggested as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer for developing more effective diagnostic/prognostic tests or passive/active immunotherapies.
Water Is an Active Element: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Cutaneous Lipidomics in Consumers Drinking Two Different Bicarbonate-Calcic Waters (Medium-Mineral vs. Oligo-Mineral)
Authors: Damiani Giovanni , Controne Ilaria , Al-Shakhshir Hilmi , Pigatto Paolo D. M.
Published: March 2023

Despite the well-known cutaneous beneficial effect of thermal water on the skin, no data exist regarding the potential biological effect of orally consumed water on healthy skin. Thus, in this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on age and menstrual cycle timing-matched healthy female volunteers (24 + 24) consuming water A (oligo-mineral) or water B (medium-mineral) for 1 month (T1), the cutaneous lipidomics were compared. Interestingly, only water A consumers had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) change in cutaneous lipidomics, with 66 lipids different (8 decreased and 58 increased). The cutaneous lipidomics of consumers of water A vs. water B were statistically different (p < 0.05). Twenty cutaneous lipids were necessary to predict the water type previously consumed (AUC ~70). Our study suggests that drinking oligo-mineral water may change skin biology and may influence the cutaneous barrier, so future dermatological clinical trials should also account for the water type consumed to avoid potential confounders.
Increased Circulating Osteopontin Levels Promote Primary Tumour Growth, but Do Not Induce Metastasis in Melanoma
Authors: Saup Rafael , Nair Nidhi , Shen Jingyi , Schmaus Anja , Thiele Wilko , Garvalov Boyan K. , Sleeman Jonathan P.
Published: March 2023

Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein with diverse functions in various physiological and pathological processes. OPN expression is increased in multiple cancers, and OPN within tumour tissue has been shown to promote key stages of cancer development. OPN levels are also elevated in the circulation of cancer patients, which in some cases has been correlated with enhanced metastatic propensity and poor prognosis. However, the precise impact of circulating OPN (cOPN) on tumour growth and progression remains insufficiently understood. To examine the role of cOPN, we used a melanoma model, in which we stably increased the levels of cOPN through adeno-associated virus-mediated transduction. We found that increased cOPN promoted the growth of primary tumours, but did not significantly alter the spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cells to the lymph nodes or lungs, despite an increase in the expression of multiple factors linked to tumour progression. To assess whether cOPN has a role at later stages of metastasis formation, we employed an experimental metastasis model, but again could not detect any increase in pulmonary metastasis in animals with elevated levels of cOPN. These results demonstrate that increased levels of OPN in the circulation play distinct roles during different stages of melanoma progression.
Clinicopathological Significance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers (OCT-3/4 and SOX-2) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Venugopal Divyambika Catakapatri , Caleb Cynthia Leslie , Kirupakaran Nandhini Priyadarshini , Shyamsundar Vidyarani , Ravindran Soundharya , Yasasve Madhavan , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Harikrishnan Thamizhchelvan , Sankarapandian Sathasivasubramanian , Ramshankar Vijayalakshmi
Published: March 2023

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is highly prevalent in South East Asia with higher rates of malignant transformation in Indian subcontinent. Numerous biomarkers are now being studied to predict disease prognosis and detect malignant alterations at an early stage. Patients with clinically and biopsy-proven oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study as the experimental group, while patients without a tobacco or betel nut habit who had their third molars surgically removed were included as the healthy control group. For the immunohistochemistry (IHC) investigation, 5-μm slices from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) were obtained. Fresh tissues (n = 45) from all three groups were collected and gene expression was studied using relative quantitation-based qPCR. The protein expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT 3/4) and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX 2) was evaluated in the experimental group and compared with healthy controls. The IHC results showed a significant correlation with the expression of OCT 3/4 (p value = 0.000; χ2 = 20.244) and SOX 2 (p value = 0.006; χ2 = 10.101) among OSCC and OSMF patients in comparison to healthy controls. Both OCT 3/4 and SOX 2 showed overexpression of four-fold and three-fold in OSMF when compared to OSCC and healthy controls, respectively. This study shows the significant importance of cancer stem cell markers OCT 3/4 and SOX 2 to assess the disease prognosis in OSMF.
Reticulocalbin 3 Is a Novel Mediator of Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: He Yi , Alejo Salvador , Johnson Jessica D. , Jayamohan Sridharan , Sareddy Gangadhara R.
Published: March 2023

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of glioblastoma are incompletely understood, emphasizing an unmet need for the identification of new therapeutic candidates. Reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3), an ER lumen-residing Ca2+ binding protein, plays an essential role in protein biosynthesis processes via the secretory pathway. Emerging studies demonstrated that RCN3 is a target for therapeutic intervention in various diseases. However, a knowledge gap exists about whether RCN3 plays a role in glioblastoma. Publicly available datasets suggest RCN3 is overexpressed in glioblastoma and portends poor survival rates. The knockdown or knockout of RCN3 using shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA, respectively, significantly reduced proliferation, neurosphere formation, and self-renewal of GSCs. The RNA-seq studies showed downregulation of genes related to translation, ribosome, and cytokine signaling and upregulation of genes related to immune response, stem cell differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) in RCN3 knockdown cells. Mechanistic studies using qRT-PCR showed decreased expression of ribosomal and increased expression of ER stress genes. Further, in silico analysis of glioblastoma patient datasets showed RCN3 expression correlated with the ribosome, ECM, and immune response pathway genes. Importantly, the knockdown of RCN3 using shRNA significantly enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice in orthotopic glioblastoma models. Our study suggests that RCN3 could be a potential target for the development of a therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma.
Effect of MnO2 Crystal Type on the Oxidation of Furfural to Furoic Acid
Authors: Wu Xu , Guo Heqin , Jia Litao , Xiao Yong , Hou Bo , Li Debao
Published: March 2023

The base-free oxidation of furfural by non-noble metal systems has been challenging. Although MnO2 emerges as a potential catalyst application in base-free conditions, its catalytic efficiency still needs to be improved. The crystalline form of MnO2 is an important factor affecting the oxidation ability of furfural. For this reason, four crystalline forms of MnO2 (α, β, γ, and δ-MnO2) were selected. Their oxidation performance and surface functional groups were analyzed and compared in detail. Only δ-MnO2 exhibited excellent activity, achieving 99.04% furfural conversion and 100% Propo.FA (Only furoic acid was detected by HPLC in the product) under base-free conditions, while the furfural conversion of α, β, and γ-MnO2 was below 10%. Characterization by XPS, IR, O2-TPD and other means revealed that δ-MnO2 has the most abundant active oxygen species and surface hydroxyl groups, which are responsible for the best performance of δ-MnO2. This work achieves the green and efficient oxidation of furfural to furoic acid over non-noble metal catalysts.
Development of Emulsions Containing L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol Based on the Polysaccharide FucoPol: Stability Evaluation and Rheological and Texture Assessment
Authors: Baptista Sílvia , Baptista Filipa , Freitas Filomena
Published: March 2023

The main function of vitamin C, as an antioxidant, is to combat free radicals and prevent premature aging, smoothing wrinkles and expression lines. In addition, it acts directly on depigmentation and prevention of blemishes on the skin. In this study, natural oils (30 wt.%) and α-tocopherol (2.5 wt.%) containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized with the bacterial fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol were formulated, adding L-ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. The optimized formulations were obtained with 8.0 wt.% L-ascorbic acid for the Olea europaea oil formulation (C1) with a ƞ value of 2.71 Pa.s (measured at shear rate of 2.3 s−1) and E24 = 96% and with 15 wt.% L-ascorbic acid for the Prunus amygdalus dulcis formulation (C2) with a ƞ value of 5.15 Pa.s (at a shear rate of 2.3 s−1) and E24 = 99%. The stability of the FucoPol-based formulations was investigated over 45 days at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. The results showed that all formulations maintained the organoleptic characteristics, with pH variations (5.7–6.8 for C1, and 5.5–6.03 for C2) within the regulations for cosmetic products (4 ≤ pH ≤ 7). The accelerated stability tests proved the formulations’ stability at 4 °C with EI = 95% for C1 and EI = 100% for C2. The rheological assessment demonstrated that the formulation presents a shear-thinning and liquid-like behavior. Regarding textural parameters, formulations C1 and C2 displayed an increase in firmness and consistency with similar spreadability during the shelf life. These findings further demonstrate FucoPol’s functional properties, acting as an emulsifier and stabilizer polysaccharide in cosmetic formulations containing L-ascorbic acid.
Pitfalls of Using NIR-Based Clinical Instruments to Test Eyes Implanted with Diffractive Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Vega Fidel , Faria-Ribeiro Miguel , Armengol Jesús , Millán María S.
Published: March 2023

The strong wavelength dependency of diffractive elements casts reasonable doubts on the reliability of near-infrared- (NIR)-based clinical instruments, such as aberrometers and double-pass systems, for assessing, post-surgery, the visual quality of eyes implanted with diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (DMIOLs). The results obtained for such patients when using NIR light can be misleading. Ordinary compensation for the refractive error bound to chromatic aberration is not enough because it only considers the best focus shift but does not take into account the distribution of light energy among the foci which strongly depends on the wavelength-dependent energy efficiency of the diffractive orders used in the DMIOL design. In this paper, we consider three commercial DMIOL designs with the far focus falling within the range of (−1, 0, +1)-diffractive orders. We prove theoretically the differences existing in the physical performance of the studied lenses when using either the design wavelength in the visible spectrum or a NIR wavelength (780 to 850 nm). Based on numerical simulation and on-bench experimental results, we show that such differences cannot be neglected and may affect all the foci of a DMIOL, including the far focus.
Classification of Cervical Spine Fracture and Dislocation Using Refined Pre-Trained Deep Model and Saliency Map
Authors: Naguib Soaad M. , Hamza Hanaa M. , Hosny Khalid M. , Saleh Mohammad K. , Kassem Mohamed A.
Published: March 2023

Cervical spine (CS) fractures or dislocations are medical emergencies that may lead to more serious consequences, such as significant functional disability, permanent paralysis, or even death. Therefore, diagnosing CS injuries should be conducted urgently without any delay. This paper proposes an accurate computer-aided-diagnosis system based on deep learning (AlexNet and GoogleNet) for classifying CS injuries as fractures or dislocations. The proposed system aims to support physicians in diagnosing CS injuries, especially in emergency services. We trained the model on a dataset containing 2009 X-ray images (530 CS dislocation, 772 CS fractures, and 707 normal images). The results show 99.56%, 99.33%, 99.67%, and 99.33% for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision, respectively. Finally, the saliency map has been used to measure the spatial support of a specific class inside an image. This work targets both research and clinical purposes. The designed software could be installed on the imaging devices where the CS images are captured. Then, the captured CS image is used as an input image where the designed code makes a clinical decision in emergencies.
The Hurst Exponent as an Indicator to Anticipate Agricultural Commodity Prices
Authors: Pérez-Sienes Leticia , Grande Mar , Losada Juan Carlos , Borondo Javier
Published: March 2023

Anticipating and understanding fluctuations in the agri-food market is very important in order to implement policies that can assure fair prices and food availability. In this paper, we contribute to the understanding of this market by exploring its efficiency and whether the local Hurst exponent can help to anticipate its trend or not. We have analyzed the time series of the price for different agri-commodities and classified each day into persistent, anti-persistent, or white-noise. Next, we have studied the probability and speed to mean reversion for several rolling windows. We found that in general mean reversion is more probable and occurs faster during anti-persistent periods. In contrast, for most of the rolling windows we could not find a significant effect of persistence in mean reversion. Hence, we conclude that the Hurst exponent can help to anticipate the future trend and range of the expected prices in this market.
Research and Development Review of Power Converter Topologies and Control Technology for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Systems
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wu Yanze , Wu Xiaogang , Sun Yue , Teng Da , Liu Yang
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, charging facilities for electric vehicles are gradually improving, thus meeting the demand for fast and safe charging. This paper comprehensively describes the current development status and future development trend of EVs and their charging infrastructure and analyzes in detail the EV fast-charging system architecture according to the AC/DC coupling configuration. The topologies and control techniques of the front AC/DC converter and rear DC/DC converter for the charging system are discussed, providing a reference for the future design of hundred-kilowatt level and above fast-charging systems for EVs. In addition, this paper summarizes the EV charging interface and the charging specifications applicable to the hundred-kilowatt power fast-charging system, as well as the impact of fast charging on power batteries, and emphasizes that high-power fast-charging technology is an inevitable trend for the future development of electric vehicles.
Data-Driven Surrogate-Assisted Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Filtenna Using Deep Learning
Authors: Mahouti Peyman , Belen Aysu , Tari Ozlem , Belen Mehmet Ali , Karahan Serdal , Koziel Slawomir
Published: March 2023

In this work, a computationally efficient method based on data-driven surrogate models is proposed for the design optimization procedure of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)-based filtering antenna (Filtenna). A Filtenna acts as a module that simultaneously pre-filters unwanted signals, and enhances the desired signals at the operating frequency. However, due to a typically large number of design variables of FSS unit elements, and their complex interrelations affecting the scattering response, FSS optimization is a challenging task. Herein, a deep-learning-based algorithm, Modified-Multi-Layer-Perceptron (M2LP), is developed to render an accurate behavioral model of the unit cell. Subsequently, the M2LP model is applied to optimize FSS elements being parts of the Filtenna under design. The exemplary device operates at 5 GHz to 7 GHz band. The numerical results demonstrate that the presented approach allows for an almost 90% reduction of the computational cost of the optimization process as compared to direct EM-driven design. At the same time, physical measurements of the fabricated Filtenna prototype corroborate the relevance of the proposed methodology. One of the important advantages of our technique is that the unit cell model can be re-used to design FSS and Filtenna operating various operating bands without incurring any extra computational expenses.
An Inductive Isolation-Based 10 kV Modular Solid Boost-Marx Pulse Generator
Authors: Jin Yaobin , Cheng Li
Published: March 2023

The solid-state Marx pulse generator is widely used in various fields such as biomedical electroporation, food processing, and plasma material modification. In this paper, an inductor is chosen as an isolation device and by adding a switch to the circuit, a solid-state boost-Marx pulse generator (BMPG) is formed. On the one hand, the inductor forms a boost circuit to multiply the output voltage gain, and on the other hand, it solves the shortcomings of conventional Marx pulse generators where the charging speed and total efficiency during high-frequency pulse generation are drastically affected by the isolation resistor. The selection criteria for inductors is well derived. Based on the PSpice simulation verification, a 12-module prototype of BMPG is built. The test results show that the circuit can achieve 10 kV high-voltage pulse output with a pulse width of 200–1000 ns and an adjustable repetition frequency of 0–10 kHz. While the input DC voltage requirement is only 235 V, the pulse voltage boost multiple is up to 42.5 times. Additionally, with the different switching sequences, the proposed BMPG can realize the adjustable change of pulse rising time and falling time.
Design and Operation of Internet of Things-Based Monitoring Control System for Induction Machines
Authors: Ioannides Maria , Koukoutsis Elias , Stamelos Anastasios , Papazis Stylianos , Stamataki Erofili , Papoutsidakis Athanasios , Vikentios Vasilios , Apostolakis Nikolaos , Stamatakis Michael
Published: March 2023

The technology of Internet of Things (IoT) can be integrated with systems of electrical machines, for electric drives and wind and solar generation systems, and advance controlling and monitoring. This work presented recent research and progress of electrical drives with IoT technology, regarding design, operation, and trial of the control system for induction motors (ΙΜ). Also, the developed software code and hardware units for speed control were detailed and the results obtained from tests of performance of the ΙΜ integrated with IoT were described. With the IoT integration set-up, the operator can control the frequency values, obtain real-time feedback of the process, and monitor the system during varying loads in steady state. The operation of the ΙΜ system driven by inverter and its monitoring over IoT was proven to have high-accuracy speed control and increased efficiency at supersynchronous speeds. Thus, IoT establishes potentials to become a multipurpose tool in the industrial control of electric drives. This paper established one case study of an IoT set-up and control technique for IM, which is suitable for energy engineering experts in the field of IoT control of industrial equipment.
Numerical Investigation of Pressure Loss in a Rectangular Channel with a Sharp 180-Degree Turn: Influence of Design Variables and Geometric Shapes
Authors: Kim Byunghui , Kim Seokho
Published: March 2023

Gas turbine blade cooling typically uses a cooling air passage with a sharp 180° turn in the midchord area of the airfoil. Its geometric shape and dimensions are strictly constrained within the airfoil to ensure both aerodynamic and cooling performance. These characteristics imply the importance of understanding the relationships between the geometric dimensions and the cooling channel performance. In this study, we validated a numerical method using the commercial software, Ansys Fluent 2021 R2, by predicting a total pressure loss coefficient with less than 6% deviation from the experimental results of Metzger et al. for four different Reynolds numbers. Through parameter studies, the divider tip-to-wall clearance was found to be the most significant parameter influencing the pressure loss. Parameter correlations and predictive models between the design variables and the pressure loss were derived by regression analysis using the R language; the regression model predicted the pressure loss to within 2.29% of the numerical method. As the geometries changed, the response surface and the adjoint solver improved the pressure loss by approximately 20.87% and 25.96%, respectively, at the representative Reynolds number of 24,230; this showed that the adjoint solver was a relatively simple and effective method with minimal geometric changes.
Seaports’ Role in Ensuring the Availability of Alternative Marine Fuels—A Multi-Faceted Analysis
Authors: Klopott Magdalena , Popek Marzenna , Urbanyi-Popiołek Ilona
Published: March 2023

In the effort to decarbonise shipping, a number of measures can be taken, one of which is to switch from conventional to alternative fuels. However, without an active role for seaports in providing adequate bunkering infrastructure for alternative fuels, these targets may not be achieved. Hence, the aim of this article is threefold: (1) to provide an overview of some of the emerging alternative fuel technologies that are being used or tested for further use in maritime transport, (2) to analyse the bunkering infrastructure in seaports, and (3) to assess the level of advancement of Polish ports in relation to the bunkering of alternative fuels by ships and to explore the ports’ plans in this regard. To achieve these goals, several research methods were applied: a critical literature review, desk-study research, critical and comparative analyses, and semi-structured interviews with representatives of three major Polish seaports. The research showed that the level of advancement of Polish seaports in the construction of bunkering infrastructure for alternative fuels is relatively low, as they are still in the early stages of conversations with their stakeholders identifying which new fuels should be included in their plans. However, with the growing number of LNG-fuelled ships operating worldwide, Polish ports are being forced to prepare for LNG bunkering; however, it is on a small scale for now. They have to make a decision about what type of fuel their bunkering infrastructures should be for, and this constitutes the subject of a great deal of uncertainty. All this is even challenging when taking into account the fact that shipowners are also struggling to choose alternative fuels for their ships. This uncertainty could be reduced through closer cooperation between ports and shipowners, between individual ports, and between ports and other shipping stakeholders. Unfortunately, there is a noticeable lack of cooperation between Polish ports in this regard, as well as with the relevant government departments.
Reduction of Auto-Power Procedure Influence on the Photovoltaic Inverter On-Board Bus System Caused by Pulsed Loads
Authors: Binkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2023

The article presents an on-board power system designed for ships, aviation, and space vehicles using energy from photovoltaic panels. The power structure includes both DC and high-frequency AC power buses. As a result of pulse loads, this system is exposed to disturbances that cause electronic systems to reboot. To reduce the effect of the appearance of secondary disturbances in the AC bus to which the photovoltaic converter is connected, a new control strategy has been proposed. This strategy improves the operation of the proportional resonant regulator that controls the AC bus current by making the reference values linearly dependent on the DC bus voltage. A prototype of such a system was designed in the laboratory. The FPGA control board was pulse-disturbed, leading to start the auto-power procedure, and additional disturbances were observed in the AC bus for the standard system. Reduction in the impact of these disturbances was achieved using the proposed control method by reaching a limitation of the bus current in dynamic states caused by the auto-power on process from 280% to less than 100% of the steady-state value. Experimental results verified the validity of the proposed method.
Design and Optimization of Synchronous Motor Using PM Halbach Arrays for Rim-Driven Counter-Rotating Pump
Authors: Amri Lahcen , Zouggar Smail , Charpentier Jean-Frédéric , Kebdani Mohamed , Senhaji Abdelhamid , Attar Abdelilah , Bakir Farid
Published: March 2023

This document deals with the design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) to peripherally drive a counter-rotating pump inducer. The motor/pump is associated using a rim-driven principle where the motor’s active parts are located at the periphery of the inducer blades. It proposes using a Halbach array of permanent magnets for the active rotor of the motor. This solution allows the generation of a Sinusoidal Electromotive Force (EMF). Therefore, a more stable electromagnetic torque is reached. An optimum geometry suitable for the inducer specifications while respecting operational constraints is determined. The obtained geometry is then simulated using the Finite Element Method. The results are satisfactory in terms of average torque and EMF waveform. Use of the Halbach array allows a significant improvement of the flux density in the air gap compared to a designed surface-mounted machine. The experimental validation will be performed once the prototype is realized in the Laboratory of Fluid Engineering and Energy systems (LISFE).
The Antioxidant Activity and Protection of Probiotic Bacteria in the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Blueberry Juice and Whey Protein Fermentation System
Authors: Yu Qian , Wang Wenqiong , Liu Xian , Shen Wenwen , Gu Ruixia , Tang Congcong
Published: March 2023

Blueberries have received great attention due to the health effects of their bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-obesity properties. Probiotics also have these health-promoting benefits. However, these biological activities may be affected by the processs of gastrointestinal digestion, which decreases their functionality. This study aimed to use a more convenient method to improve the blueberries’ antioxidant activity and protective effects on probiotic cells by fermentation with whey protein, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. This result showed that the total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and probiotic cells’ survival in a blueberry juice and whey protein fermentation system were enhanced in a model of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The bioactive compounds in blueberry juice interacted with whey protein, as shown through FTIR. The stability of phenolic compounds was enhanced, and the release of functional compounds in the mixture fermentation system was delayed through CLSM. Interactions between bioactive compounds in blueberries, whey protein, and bacterial surface proteins, glycoproteins or polysaccharides during fermentation were studied by SDS-PAGE. Thus, the stability of bioactive activities in the mixed system after fermentation was strengthened by the interaction. The mixed fermentation system has promising potential for improving antioxidant activity and protecting probiotic cells.
Performance of DBD Actuator Models under Various Operating Parameters and Modifications to Improve Them
Authors: Bernal-Orozco Raul Alberto , Carvajal-Mariscal Ignacio , Huerta-Chavez Oliver Marcel
Published: March 2023

Simulation is a valuable tool for the study of DBD actuators, therefore accurate, computationally efficient, and robust numerical models are required. The performance of three DBD actuator models was studied: the phenomenological Shyy and Suzen models, and the empirical Dörr and Kloker model. The first objective of this work is to determine the ability of these models to reproduce the force and induced flow by comparing the numerical results with experimental reference data reported in the literature. As a second objective, modifications have been proposed to improve these models. Several simulations were performed in OpenFOAM with different geometrical parameters, voltages, and frequencies. Discrepancies and limitations of the models were identified. The modified Dörr and Kloker model allows more consistent use of this model by considering a factor that relates it to voltage and frequency. Shyy’s modified model reduces the overestimation of force and velocity. Suzen’s modified model is the one that fits the reference data better, so its use is suggested over the other models. The proposed modifications are easy to implement and allow significant improvements in the capacity of the models to reproduce the effects of a DBD actuator.
Investigation of Recirculating Marangoni Flow in Three-Dimensional Geometry of Aqueous Micro-Foams
Authors: Rezaee Nastaran , Aunna John , Naser Jamal
Published: March 2023

Experimental investigations of Marangoni flow in micro-foams have faced challenges due to the inherent difficulties in detecting and measuring this flow. The Marangoni flow manifests as small spots within the lamellae films, which makes it hard to accurately analyze. Hence, to elucidate Marangoni flow characteristics, this study introduces and investigates comprehensive three-dimensional models of flow in microscale foams. The geometric models contained Plateau Borders (PB), nodes, and films. The recirculating Marangoni flow was simulated and studied for different interfacial mobilities. Inside the foams, the Marangoni flow velocities were at the same scale with the PB flow velocity for mobile interfaces. However, for a more rigid interface, the magnitude of the Marangoni flow was considerably less than that of the PB owing to the combined effect of high surface hydraulic resistance on the Marangoni flows and nature of the Marangoni flow as a surface-only flow type. Furthermore, the effect of the film thickness on the Marangoni flow was analyzed. Thicker films have a stronger effect in reducing the Marangoni flow than PB flow. This is due to the higher ratio of gravity body force to the Marangoni-driven surface force for thicker films. Finally, the combined effect of the liquid–air interfacial mobility and film thickness on the Marangoni velocity was studied.
Microwave Modification of Quinoa Grains at Constant and Varying Water Content Modulates Changes in Structural and Physico-Chemical Properties of the Resulting Flours
Authors: Vicente Ainhoa , Villanueva Marina , Caballero Pedro A. , Muñoz José María , Ronda Felicidad
Published: March 2023

Microwave-assisted heat moisture treatment (MWT) was applied to quinoa grains, a nutritious gluten-free pseudocereal of great interest in food product development, to achieve the physical modification of the quinoa flour. The effect of treating quinoa grains at different initial water contents (WC; 10%, 20%, and 30%) in two operational systems was compared: one open at atmospheric pressure and variable WC (V system), and the other in hermetic containers at constant WC (C system). The morphological structure of the obtained flours and their techno-functional, rheological, and thermal properties were evaluated. MWT proved to be effective in modifying these properties, the main effects probably being caused by protein denaturation and aggregation, and intragranular molecular rearrangements of starch, with disruption of short-range molecular order and even the partial collapse of starch granules in the samples treated at the highest WC. The greatest differences were observed for the 20 and 30% WC treated-samples, particularly when using C system, which increased their water absorption capacity and decreased their foaming, emulsion, and gel-forming capacities. Based on these results, the control of WC and its evolution during MWT of quinoa grains appears to be a viable and effective approach to adapt flour functionality to the needs of food production, allowing a wider range of flour properties depending on the MWT conditions.
Manufacture of a Potential Antifungal Ingredient Using Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dry-Cured Sausages
Authors: Nazareth Tiago de Melo , Calpe Jorge , Luz Carlos , Mañes Jordi , Meca Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

The growing interest in functional foods has fueled the hunt for novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) found in natural sources such as fermented foods. Thus, the aims of this study were to isolate, identify, characterize, and quantify LAB’s antifungal activity and formulate an ingredient for meat product applications. The overlay method performed a logical initial screening by assessing isolated bacteria’s antifungal activity in vitro. Next, the antifungal activity of the fermented bacteria-free supernatants (BFS) was evaluated by agar diffusion assay against six toxigenic fungi. Subsequently, the antifungal activity of the most antifungal BFS was quantified using the microdilution method in 96-well microplates. The meat broth that showed higher antifungal activity was selected to elaborate on an ingredient to be applied to meat products. Finally, antifungal compounds such as organic acids, phenolic acids, and volatile organic compounds were identified in the chosen-fermented meat broth. The most promising biological candidates belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. P. pentosaceus C15 distinguished from other bacteria by the production of antifungal compounds such as nonanoic acid and phenyl ethyl alcohol, as well as the higher production of lactic and acetic acid.
The Retention of Vitamin D2 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 in Pulse UV-Irradiated Dried Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) after 12 Months of Storage
Authors: Cardwell Glenn , Bornman Janet , James Anthony , Daly Alison , Dunlop Eleanor , Dabos Georgios , Adorno Paul , Black Lucinda
Published: March 2023

Fresh mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation prior to drying generate high concentrations of vitamin D2. The aim of this study was to determine the retention of D vitamers in mushrooms that were pulse UV irradiated, then air dried, and stored for up to 12 months. Fresh button mushrooms (A. bisporus) were exposed to pulsed UV radiation (dose 200 mJ/cm2, peak of 17.5 W/cm2), air dried and vacuum sealed before being stored in the dark at room temperature. After storage, samples were freeze dried and quantified for D vitamers using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. After 3, 6 and 12 months of storage, there was 100% (11.0 ± 0.8 µg/g dry weight (DW), 93% (10.1 ± 0.6 µg/g DW) and 58% (5.5 ± 0.6 µg/g DW) retention of vitamin D2 and 88% (0.14 ± 0.01 µg/g DW), 71% (0.11 ± 0.01 µg/g DW) and 68% (0.1 ± 0.01 µg/g DW) retention of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2), respectively. Compared to the irradiated dried mushrooms that were not stored, the D vitamer concentration was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 6 and 12 months for 25(OH)D2 and at 12 months for vitamin D2. Sufficient vitamin D2 (99 µg) remained after 12 months storage to provide at least 100% of daily dietary vitamin D requirements in a 20 g serving.
Integrating Metabolomics and Proteomics Technologies Provides Insights into the Flavor Precursor Changes at Different Maturity Stages of Arabica Coffee Cherries
Authors: Li Zelin , Zhou Bin , Zheng Tingting , Zhao Chunyan , Shen Xiaojing , Wang Xuefeng , Qiu Minghua , Fan Jiangping
Published: March 2023

The metabolic modulation of major flavor precursors during coffee cherry ripening is critical for the characteristic coffee flavor formation. However, the formation mechanism of flavor precursors during coffee cherry ripening remains unknown. In the present study, a colorimeter was employed to distinguish different maturity stages of coffee cherry based on the coffee cherry skin colors, and proteomics and metabolomics profiles were integrated to comprehensively investigate the flavor precursor dynamics involved in Arabica coffee cherry ripening. The data obtained in the present study provide an integral view of the critical pathways involved in flavor precursor changes during coffee cherry ripening. Moreover, the contributions of critical events in regulating the development of flavor precursors during the four ripening stages of coffee cherries, including the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, and sugars, are discussed. Overall, a total of 456 difference express metabolites were selected, and they were identified as being concentrated in the four maturity stages of coffee cherries; furthermore, 76 crucial enzymes from the biosynthesis and metabolism of sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and flavonoids contributed to flavor precursor formation. Among these enzymes, 45 difference express proteins that could regulate 40 primary amino acids and organic acids flavor precursors were confirmed. This confirmation indicates that the metabolic pathways of amino acids and organic acids played a significant role in the flavor formation of Arabica coffee cherries during ripening. These results provide new insights into the protease modulation of flavor precursor changes in Arabica coffee cherry ripening.
Predicting the Oil Price Movement in Commodity Markets in Global Economic Meltdowns
Authors: Horák Jakub , Jannová Michaela
Published: March 2023

The price of oil is nowadays a hot topic as it affects many areas of the world economy. The price of oil also plays an essential role in how the economic situation is currently developing (such as the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation and others) or the political situation in surrounding countries. The paper aims to predict the oil price movement in stock markets and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has affected stock markets. The experiment measures the price of oil from 2000 to 2022. Time-series-smoothing techniques for calculating the results involve multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. Statistica 13 software, version 13.0 forecasts the oil price movement. MLP networks deliver better performance than RBF networks and are applicable in practice. The results showed that the correlation coefficient values of all neural structures and data sets were higher than 0.973 in all cases, indicating only minimal differences between neural networks. Therefore, we must validate the prediction for the next 20 trading days. After the validation, the first neural network (10 MLP 1-18-1) closest to zero came out as the best. This network should be further trained on more data in the future, to refine the results.