bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐incubation conditions determine the fermentation pattern and microbial community structure in fermenters at mild hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Ceron‐Chafla Pamela , García‐Timermans Cristina , de Vrieze Jo , Ganigué Ramon , Boon Nico , Rabaey Korneel , van Lier Jules B. , Lindeboom Ralph E. F.
Published: March 2022

Fermentation at elevated hydrostatic pressure is a novel strategy targeting product selectivity. However, the role of inoculum history and cross‐resistance, that is, acquired tolerance from incubation under distinctive environmental stress, remains unclear in high‐pressure operation. In our here presented work, we studied fermentation and microbial community responses of halotolerant marine sediment inoculum (MSI) and anaerobic digester inoculum (ADI), pre‐incubated in serum bottles at different temperatures and subsequently exposed to mild hydrostatic pressure (MHP; < 10 MPa) in stainless steel reactors. Results showed that MHP effects on microbial growth, activity, and community structure were strongly temperature‐dependent. At moderate temperature (20°C), biomass yield and fermentation were not limited by MHP; suggesting a cross‐resistance effect from incubation temperature and halotolerance. Low temperatures (10°C) and MHP imposed kinetic and bioenergetic limitations, constraining growth and product formation. Fermentation remained favorable in MSI at 28°C and ADI at 37°C, despite reduced biomass yield resulting from maintenance and decay proportionally increasing with temperature. Microbial community structure was modified by temperature during the enrichment, and slight differences observed after MHP‐exposure did not compromise functionality. Results showed that the relation incubation temperature—halotolerance proved to be a modifier of microbial responses to MHP and could be potentially exploited in fermentations to modulate product/biomass ratio.
Risk assessment, development and validation of a GC‐ECD‐based method for the quantification of cypermethrin from green pea
Authors: Jan Ishrat , Dar Alamgir A. , Wani Ashraf A. , Mukhtar Malik , Sofi Javid A. , Hassan G. I.
Published: March 2022

The present work describes the persistence, dissipation behaviour, half‐life, risk assessment and novel gas chromatography method for the residue estimation of cypermethrin in green pea by spraying cypermethrin 10EC at 50 g a.i. ha−1 at fruiting stage followed by another application at a 10 day interval. The sample extraction and cleanup was followed bya modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, and the residues of cypermethrin were determined using a validated gas chromatography method. The initial deposits were found to be 1.21 mg kg−1 following the application of insecticide at 50 g a.i. ha−1. Cypermethrin residues declined to below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg−1 after 15 days at the recommended dosage. The half‐life of cypermethrin was 2.66 days at 50 g a.i. ha−1. For risk assessment studies, the waiting period of 15 days is recommended as safe for consumption for the insecticide. The GC‐ECD method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines by various analytical parameters including linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable, and can be used for the standardization of pesticides on fruits and vegetables.
The role of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on the etiology of middle cerebral artery disease
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Li Zixiao , Liu Liping , Pu Yuehua , Zou Xinying , Yan Hongyi , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun
Published: March 2022

Background

Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease is the most common type of IS caused by intracranial artery disease in the Chinese population. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the common risk factors of cerebral small vessel disease and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). However, little is known about whether hypertension and diabetes mellitus had different correlations with the small artery occlusion (SAO) and LAA etiology of MCA disease. Therefore, our aim was to identify the predictors of the etiology of MCA disease.

Methods

We consecutively enrolled 967 patients with noncardiogenic IS in unilateral MCA territory. Vascular risk factors and the clinical–radiologic features of IS were analyzed. The etiology of IS were classified as SAO or LAA according to the Stop Stroke Study Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the differences in the predictors between SAO and LAA etiology of MCA disease.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression identified male and hypertension as the predictors of the SAO etiology of MCA disease, however diabetes mellitus, repeated transient ischemic attack before the stroke, gaze palsy, aphasia, headache at admission, and disability at discharge as the predictors of the LAA etiology of MCA disease.

Conclusion

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are related with the different etiology of MCA disease.
The bioeconomy transformation as an external enabler of sustainable entrepreneurship
Authors: Hinderer Sebastian , Kuckertz Andreas
Published: March 2022

Bioeconomy strategies worldwide emphasize the importance of entrepreneurship in the transformation toward a sustainable and circular bioeconomy. However, the bioeconomy transformation itself also offers great opportunities for creating new ventures. Based on interviews with bioeconomy entrepreneurs from six European countries, we investigate how entrepreneurial opportunities emerge in the bioeconomy context and what competencies entrepreneurs need to act on them. By conceptualizing the bioeconomy transformation as an external enabler of entrepreneurial activity, we open new avenues for research on sustainable development and innovation policy. We conceptualize sustainable entrepreneurship as a phenomenon that can be enabled externally via the transformation toward sustainable development. Furthermore, we show that new venture creation in the bioeconomy requires unique knowledge (transformative knowledge) and specific competencies (sustainable valorization of biomass, marketing of biobased products, and management of limited resources).
The deep brachial artery—A meta‐analysis of its origin and diameter with a review of the literature
Authors: Przybycień Wojciech , Bonczar Michał , Ostrowski Patryk , Koziej Mateusz , Mizia Ewa , Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Loukas Marios , Walocha Jerzy
Published: March 2022

The deep brachial artery (DBA) is the first and largest branch of the brachial artery. Multiple variations of the DBA's origin, termination, and diameter have been reported in the literature. Major online medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched in order to find all studies considering origin variations and the diameter of the DBA. The prevalence of the DBA originating directly from the axillary or brachial artery was shown to be 92.87%. DBA originating indirectly from the axillary or brachial artery, as a common trunk with other arteries, was found to be 7.13%. The mean diameter of the DBA was shown to be 2.05 mm. The authors of the present study believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date meta‐analysis considering origin patterns and the diameter of the DBA. Additionally, this study contains a comprehensive literature review in which current detailed anatomical knowledge concerning the DBA was gathered. The results of this study could provide a helpful tool for physicians, especially surgeons, dealing with an upper limb in their daily practice.
A WIN Consortium phase I study exploring avelumab, palbociclib, and axitinib in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Solomon Benjamin , Callejo Ana , Bar Jair , Berchem Guy , Bazhenova Lyudmila , Saintigny Pierre , Wunder Fanny , Raynaud Jacques , Girard Nicolas , Lee J. Jack , Sulaiman Raed , Prouse Bruce , Bresson Catherine , Ventura Hila , Magidi Shai , Rubin Eitan , Young Brandon , Onn Amir , Leyland‐Jones Brian , Schilsky Richard L. , Lazar Vladimir , Felip Enriqueta , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: March 2022

Background

The Worldwide Innovative Network (WIN) Consortium has developed the Simplified Interventional Mapping System (SIMS) to better define the cancer molecular milieu based on genomics/transcriptomics from tumor and analogous normal tissue biopsies. SPRING is the first trial to assess a SIMS‐based tri‐therapy regimen in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Patients with advanced NSCLC (no EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations; PD‐L1 unrestricted; ≤2 prior therapy lines) received avelumab, axitinib, and palbociclib (3 + 3 dose escalation design).

Results

Fifteen patients were treated (five centers, four countries): six at each of dose levels 1 (DL1) and DL2; three at DL3. The most common ≥Grade 3 adverse events were neutropenia, hypertension, and fatigue. The recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) was DL1: avelumab 10 mg/kg IV q2weeks, axitinib 3 mg po bid, and palbociclib 75 mg po daily (7 days off/21 days on). Four patients (27%) achieved a partial response (PR) (progression‐free survival [PFS]: 14, 24, 25 and 144+ weeks), including two after progression on pembrolizumab. Four patients attained stable disease (SD) that lasted ≥24 weeks: 24, 27, 29, and 64 weeks. At DL1 (RP2D), four of six patients (66%) achieved stable disease (SD) ≥6 months/PR (2 each). Responders included patients with no detectable PD‐L1 expression and low tumor mutational burden.

Conclusions

Overall, eight of 15 patients (53%) achieved clinical benefit (SD ≥ 24 weeks/PR) on the avelumab, axitinib, and palbociclib combination. This triplet showed antitumor activity in NSCLC, including in tumors post‐pembrolizumab progression, and was active at the RP2D, which was well tolerated.

NCT03386929 clinicaltrial.gov
Impact of body mass index on perioperative and oncological outcomes in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tong Chaoyang , Lu Huijie , Zhu Hongwei , Wu Jingxiang
Published: March 2022

Background

The association between elevated body mass index (BMI) and perioperative and oncological outcomes among elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE) remains unclear.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of 526 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older who underwent MIE for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) between January 2016 and December 2019. Two groups were stratified by BMI: normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2) and elevated groups (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare perioperative and oncological outcomes between the two groups.

Results

A total of 480 elderly patients were eventually enrolled, with a mean age of 70.2 years (range: 65–87), and 185 patients were eligible for elevated BMI, with a mean BMI of 26.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2. Compared with the normal BMI group, the elevated BMI group had prolonged operation time (261.7 ± 57.2 vs. 278.9 ± 62.7 mins, p = 0.002) and increased incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia (12.2% vs. 21.6%, p = 0.006). The differences in intraoperative estimated blood loss, transfusion, new‐onset arrhythmia, and conversion rates and postoperative outcomes regarding pulmonary and surgical complications, intensive care unit and 30‐day readmissions, the length of hospital stay, and oncological outcomes regarding R0 dissection, and the number of dissected lymph nodes between two groups were comparable. After a 1:1 PSM analysis, there was no significant difference in both perioperative and oncological outcomes between two groups.

Conclusions

Among elderly patients undergoing MIE for esophageal SCC, there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that elevated BMI could increase perioperative and oncological adverse outcomes.
Giant cell arteritis with rare manifestations of stroke and internal carotid artery dissection: A case study
Authors: Hashami Leila , Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh , Nirouei Matineh
Published: March 2022

Giant cell arthritis is a systemic vasculitis. A 51‐year‐old man was presented with sudden onset of right‐side blurred vision, frozen movements, and ptosis in the right eye and left side paresis. The diagnosis of GCA with first manifestations of stroke and carotid dissection may be neglected as an underlying cause.
Successful approach for couples having their own genetic offspring using vitrified‐warmed oocytes injected by frozen‐thawed poor quality testicular sperm: A case report
Authors: Safari Somayyeh , Amouzegar Hoora , Ashourzadeh Sareh , Hosseini Elham
Published: March 2022

The clinical applications of donated gametes are approved in many countries; however, attitudes toward its application and national legislation in some countries are challenging. The purpose of this study is to report a healthy live birth produced by vitrified‐warmed oocytes and frozen‐thawed testicular sperms to avoid sperm donation.
Novel use of a Synovis™ coupler device for a surgical lymphovenous anastomosis for the treatment of refractory chylothorax in a patient with central lymphatic flow disorder
Authors: Rezkalla Joshua , Husain Majid , Slack Ginger , Sinha Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Refractory post‐operative chylothorax in congenital heart disease is difficult to treat. We present a case of intractable neonatal chylothorax after cardiac surgery due to central lymphatic flow disorder that was treated by creating a lymphovenous anastomosis of the thoracic duct to the left external jugular vein for definitive treatment.
Transient flare of psoriasis under direct‐acting antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C: A case report
Authors: Dold Leona , Hausen Annekristin , Langhans Bettina , Strassburg Christian P. , Spengler Ulrich
Published: March 2022

Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently involve the skin. Here, we report the case of a woman, who experienced a psoriasis exacerbation on DAA treatment, which lead to psoriasis resolution upon HCV clearance under continued treatment with elbasvir/grazoprevir.
Ensemble classification and regression techniques combined with portable near infrared spectroscopy for facile and rapid detection of water adulteration in bovine raw milk
Authors: Ehsani Samaneh , Dastgerdy Eisa Mohandes , Yazdanpanah Hassan , Parastar Hadi
Published: March 2022

The objective of the present contribution is to use a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer (in spectral range of 900–1700 nm) as a rapid, facile, and nondestructive technique in combination with ensemble methods, for detection of water in bovine milk samples in concentration range 1% to 30% (v/v). On this matter, the pattern of the milk samples (pure and adulterated) was explored by principal component analysis (PCA). Then, random subspace discriminant ensemble (RSDE) was used for classification. The classification figures of merit for the RSDE method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), accuracy (Acc), error rate (ER), and reliability (Rel). All the values were satisfactory for calibration, cross‐validation, and prediction sets, which showed the reliability and robustness of the developed model. Furthermore, the performance of RSDE method was compared with partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and support vector machine (SVM) as the most common classification techniques. In overall, the RSDE classification outperformed the other tested classification methods (PLS‐DA and RBF‐SVM) in terms of accuracy and reliability. Finally, boosted regression tree (BRT) was used for quantifying the level of water adulterant in milk. The performance of the ensemble regression model was evaluated using regression coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The values of R2 and RMSE in prediction set for BRT were 0.95 and 0.58, respectively. The performance of BRT method was also compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) which again showed outperformance in comparison with this frequent used regression technique.
Deciphering the Spectral Tuning Mechanism in Proteorhodopsin: The Dominant Role of Electrostatics Instead of Chromophore Geometry
Authors: Church Jonathan R. , Amoyal Gil S. , Borin Veniamin A. , Adam Suliman , Olsen Jógvan Magnus Haugaard , Schapiro Igor
Published: March 2022

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a photoactive proton pump found in marine bacteria. There are two phenotypes of PR exhibiting an environmental adaptation to the ocean's depth which tunes their maximum absorption: blue‐absorbing proteorhodopsin (BPR) and green‐absorbing proteorhodopsin (GPR). This blue/green color‐shift is controlled by a glutamine to leucine substitution at position 105 which accounts for a 20 nm shift. Typically, spectral tuning in rhodopsins is rationalized by the external point charge model but the Q105L mutation is charge neutral. To study this tuning mechanism, we employed the hybrid QM/MM method with sampling from molecular dynamics. Our results reveal that the positive partial charge of glutamine near the C14−C15 bond of retinal shortens the effective conjugation length of the chromophore compared to the leucine residue. The derived mechanism can be applied to explain the color regulation in other retinal proteins and can serve as a guideline for rational design of spectral shifts.
Inhibition of androgenic pathway impairs encoding of cerebellar‐dependent motor learning in male rats
Authors: Panichi Roberto , Dieni Cristina V. , Sullivan Jacqueline A. , Biscarini Andrea , Contemori Samuele , Faralli Mario , Pettorossi Vito E.
Published: March 2022

Cerebellar‐dependent learning is essential for the adaptation of motor and no motor behaviors to changing contexts, and neuroactive steroids—mainly referred to as estrogens—may regulate this process. However, the role of androgens in this process has not been established, although they may affect cerebellar physiology. Thus, this study aims to determine whether the activation of androgenic neural pathways may take part in controlling the vestibuloocular (VOR) and optokinetic reflexes (OKR), which depend on a defined cerebellar circuitry. To answer this question, we acutely blocked the activation of androgen receptors (Ars) using systemic administration of the Ars antagonist flutamide (FLUT; 20 mg/Kg) in peripubertal male rats. Then, we evaluated the FLUT effect on general oculomotor performance in the VOR and OKR as well as VOR adaptive gain increases and decreases. We used a paradigm causing fast VOR adaptation that combined in phase/out phase visuo‐vestibular stimulations. We found that FLUT impaired the gain increase and decrease in VOR adaptation. However, FLUT altered neither acute nor overtime basal ocular‐motor performance in the VOR or OKR. These findings indicate that the activation of androgenic neural pathways participates in phenomena leading to fast VOR adaptation, probably through the modulation of plasticity mechanisms that underlie adaptation of this reflex. Conversely, androgens may not be essential for neural information processing demands in basal ocular‐motor reflexes. Moreover, our results suggest that androgens, possibly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, could rapidly regulate motor memory encoding in the VOR adaptation, acting at both cerebellar and extracerebellar plasticity sites.
Three‐port DC‐DC converter for stand‐alone PV/battery systems with four operation modes
Authors: Mohammadi Kourosh , Abbasi Vahid , Tanha Kambiz Mohammadi
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a three‐port DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic (PV)/battery stand‐alone systems. The converter is designed by an effective combination of quadratic boost converter and a bidirectional port with low number of components. The converter performance consists of four operation modes with similar voltage gains, which improve reliability of the converter in comparison with the reviewed converters. Battery‐alone mode is performed in the proposed configuration for the times input power of PV is equal to zero. Main advantages of the converter include its common grounded ports, operation with high voltage gain, current continuous of the input ports, utilizing low number of switch to perform four essential operation modes, and its high‐efficiency performance due to low number of used components. Three switches of the structure enable it to control input power of main source and output voltage with two duty cycles per the modes. This number of switches in a three‐port converter requires simpler driving and control systems in comparison with some of the previous presented three‐port converters. The converter is analyzed, and its main equations are obtained. To validate feasibility of the converter and investigate coordination of its performance with theory, a prototype is prepared for 120 W output power.
The effect of urbanization on spatiotemporal interactions between gray foxes and coyotes
Authors: Parsons Arielle W. , Kellner Kenneth F. , Rota Christopher T. , Schuttler Stephanie G. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Kays Roland W.
Published: March 2022

Interactions between species can influence their distribution and fitness, with potential cascading ecosystem effects. Human disturbance can affect these competitive dynamics but is difficult to measure due to potential simultaneous spatial and temporal responses. We used camera traps with a multispecies occupancy model incorporating a continuous‐time detection process to evaluate spatial and temporal interactions between two competing carnivore species, coyote (Canis latrans) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), along an urbanization gradient. Coyotes were less likely to occupy high housing density sites than gray foxes, but the two species were more likely to co‐occur in suburban forest fragments. Gray foxes were less likely to occupy low housing density sites in the presence of coyotes, shifted their activity patterns to be more nocturnal when coyotes were present and avoided sites recently used by coyotes. These effects were most pronounced where forest cover was low, suggesting these shifts are not necessary where forest cover is high, perhaps due to the gray fox's ability to climb trees. Gray foxes did not spatially or temporally avoid coyotes moving through the suburban matrix nor did precipitation mediate temporal avoidance in suburban habitats (i.e., by washing away scent), possibly because coyotes are less likely to establish territories at high housing densities, and thus less likely to scent mark. As reports of gray fox declines in portions of North America mount and coyotes are implicated, our results suggest that preserving tree cover could be important for gray fox persistence. At least 50% of forest cover in a 1 km radius resulted in lower coyote occupancy with gray fox occupancy rising to ≥0.1, suggesting a good benchmark for management.
Comprehensive symptom assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale in hospitalized heart failure patients
Authors: Hamatani Yasuhiro , Iguchi Moritake , Ikeyama Yurika , Kunugida Atsuko , Ogawa Megumi , Yasuda Natsushige , Fujimoto Kana , Ichihara Hidenori , Sakai Misaki , Kinoshita Tae , Nakashima Yasuyo , Akao Masaharu
Published: March 2022

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) may have variable unrecognized symptom burdens. We sought to investigate the details, determinants, and prognostic significance of symptom burden in hospitalized patients with HF.

Methods and results

We prospectively evaluated consecutive hospitalized patients with HF as primary diagnosis at our institution using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) both on admission and at discharge. The IPOS, which is a well‐validated multi‐dimensional symptom assessment scale among advanced illness, consists of 17 questions for enquiring about physical symptoms (10 items), emotional symptoms (4 items) and communication and practical issues (3 items) using a 5‐point Likert scale (0 [best]–4 [worst] points). Clinically relevant symptoms were defined as ≥2 points for each IPOS item. Worsening symptom burden was defined as the total IPOS score at discharge being poorer than that on admission. Of 294 patients (mean age: 77.5 ± 12.0 years, male: 168 patients, New York Heart Association class IV: 96 patients, mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]: 44%, and median N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP] level: 4418 ng/L), the median (IQR) total IPOS score on admission was 19 (12, 27) and they were widely distributed (minimum: 0 – maximum: 52). The total IPOS score on admission was not correlated with the HF severity, including LVEF (Spearman's ρ = −0.05, P = 0.43), NT‐proBNP levels (Spearman's ρ = 0.08, P = 0.20) or in‐hospital mortality prediction model (GWTG‐HF risk score) (Spearman's ρ = 0.01, P = 0.90). Total IPOS scores significantly decreased during hospitalization as a whole (median [IQR]: 13 [6, 21] at discharge; P < 0.001 vs. those on admission). All of the four emotional symptoms (patient anxiety, depression, family anxiety and feeling at peace) remained in the top 5 of clinically relevant symptoms at discharge, whereas none of 10 physical symptoms were nominated. Worsening symptom burden was noted in 28% of the patients during hospitalization, and was independently associated with higher all‐cause mortality after discharge (hazard ratio: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–5.09; P = 0.044) even after adjustment by age and HF mortality prediction model (MAGGIC risk score).

Conclusions

We revealed that hospitalized patients with HF had multi‐dimensional symptom burdens which varied among individuals and were not correlated with the disease severity. Emotional symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, were the main clinically relevant symptoms at discharge. A worsening IPOS score was noted in a quarter of patients with HF and was associated with a poor prognosis, suggesting the importance of holistic symptom assessment during the course of hospitalization for HF.
Peripheral differentiation patterns of human T cells
Authors: Heikkilä Nelli , Hetemäki Iivo , Sormunen Silja , Isoniemi Helena , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Saramäki Jari , Arstila T. Petteri
Published: March 2022

Long‐term T‐cell memory is dependent on the maintenance of memory T cells in the lymphoid tissues, and at the surface interfaces that provide entry routes for pathogens. However, much of the current information on human T‐cell memory is based on analyzing circulating T cells. Here, we have studied the distribution and age‐related changes of memory T‐cell subsets in samples from blood, mesenteric LNs, spleen, and ileum, obtained from donors ranging in age from 5 days to 67 years of age. Our data show that the main reservoir of polyclonal naive cells is found in the LNs, and the resting memory subsets capable of self‐renewal are also prominent there. In contrast, nondividing but functionally active memory subsets dominate the spleen, and especially the ileum. In general, the replacement of naive cells with memory subsets continues throughout our period of observation, with no apparent plateau. In conclusion, the analysis of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues reveals a dynamic pattern of changes distinct to each tissue, and with substantial differences between CD4+ and CD8+ compartments.
AC electrokinetic immobilization of influenza virus
Authors: Stanke Sandra , Wenger Christian , Bier Frank F. , Hölzel Ralph
Published: March 2022

The use of alternating current (AC) electrokinetic forces, like dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis, as a simple and fast method to immobilize sub‐micrometer objects onto nanoelectrode arrays is presented. Due to its medical relevance, the influenza virus is chosen as a model organism. One of the outstanding features is that the immobilization of viral material to the electrodes can be achieved permanently, allowing subsequent handling independently from the electrical setup. Thus, by using merely electric fields, we demonstrate that the need of prior chemical surface modification could become obsolete. The accumulation of viral material over time is observed by fluorescence microscopy. The influences of side effects like electrothermal fluid flow, causing a fluid motion above the electrodes and causing an intensity gradient within the electrode array, are discussed. Due to the improved resolution by combining fluorescence microscopy with deconvolution, it is shown that the viral material is mainly drawn to the electrode edge and to a lesser extent to the electrode surface. Finally, areas of application for this functionalization technique are presented.
A lab‐on‐disc centrifugal microfluidic system for ultraprecise plasma separation
Authors: Shi Yuxing , Ye Peng , Yang Kuojun , Qiaoge Bayin , Xie Jiawen , Guo Jiuchuan , Wang Chuang , Pan Zhixiang , Liu Shan , Guo Jinhong
Published: March 2022

As the medical community puts forward higher requirements for the speed and convenience of disease diagnosis, point‐of‐care testing has become a hot research topic to overcome various kinds of healthcare problems. Blood test is considered to be highly sensitive and accurate in clinical diagnosis. However, conventional plasma separation system tends to be bulky and needs professional operations. Moreover, imprecise separation may cause residual biochemical substances such as blood cells to affect the detection results. In this work, to solve these problems, we designed a portable centrifugal microfluidic platform for automatic, rapid and ultraprecise blood separation. The disc consists of multichambers and multi‐microchannels where a plasma reservoir and a cell reservoir are connected to each other and collinear with the center of the circle. This structure overcomes the weakness of low separation efficiency (when hematocrit increases) under the traditional blood separation structure (bifurcation structure). As a result, the proposed system achieved 99.9% plasma purity, 99.9% separation efficiency (with a blood hematocrit of 48%) and 32.5% plasma recovery rate in the 50s, which provides a strong guarantee for rapid blood diagnosis and analysis, especially in areas where medical resources are limited.
High‐rate and dendrite‐free liquid alloy anode for high energy potassium metal batteries
Authors: Luo Tingting , Zhao Qianqian , Liu Yiwei , Meng Weidong , Sun Qi , Dai Lei , Liu Shan , Wang Ling
Published: March 2022

Potassium ion batteries are considered as promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage device due to its low‐cost and high theoretical capacity. However, it is seriously limited by the dendrite growth. Liquid Na‐K alloy has excellent kinetic mass transfer characteristics which could avoid dendrite fundamentally. However, due to its large surface tension, liquid alloy is difficult to be processed and used in practical applications. Herein, a flexible and processable graphene‐based liquid alloy anode (Na‐K@rGO) was designed. Thanks to the reasonable porous structure, good chemical and mechanical stability and rapid charge transfer of graphene matrix, Na‐K@rGO anode exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate performance. The batteries could cycle stably and exhibit dendrites‐free property. Our work offers a simple approach to construct dendrite‐free anodes for high energy density and long‐lifespan potassium metal batteries.

image
Effects of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz polysaccharide on renal fibrosis in high‐fat mice
Authors: Yang Litao , Liu Yinlu , Bi Cuicui , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2022

In this study, we investigated the effects of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz polysaccharide (NSKP) on renal fibrosis in high‐fat mice. ApoE−/− male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (Cont) group, high‐fat diet (HFD) group, HFD+0.4 g/kg BW NSKP, and HFD+0.8 g/kg BW NSKP (NSKP groups). The Cont was fed a standard diet. The HFD group was fed HFD. Every day, NSKP groups were fed HFD, as well as given 0.4 g/kg BW or 0.8 g/kg BW NSKP. After 22 weeks, the serum biochemical indices (TC, TG, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, GLU, BUN, and SCR) were measured. For the kidney, the histopathological sections were observed and analyzed, and inflammatory factors and markers of renal fibrosis were measured. For the NSKP groups, the serum TC, TG, LDL‐C, BUN, and SCR were decreased, HDL‐C significantly increased compared with the HFD group. The protein expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1 were significantly downregulated. The α‐SMA in renal cortex was decreased, and the mRNA expression of Col‐I and Col‐IV in renal collagen fibers was downregulated. To sum up, NSKP reduced the blood lipid of HFD mice, downregulated the inflammation of kidney, inhibited the expression of collagen fiber, and improved the renal fibrosis caused by long‐term lipid metabolism disorder.
Phytochemical constituents of Camellia osmantha fruit cores with antithrombotic activity
Authors: Yang Li , Xie Gui‐Liang , Ma Jin‐Lin , Huang Xiao‐Qiong , Gu Yao , Huang Lei , Chen Hai‐Yan , Ouyang Xi‐Lin
Published: March 2022

Camellia osmantha is a new species of the genus Camellia and is an economically important ornamental plant. Its activity and ingredients are less studied than other Camellia plants. This study investigated the antithrombotic effect and chemical components of C. osmantha fruit cores using platelet aggregation assays and coagulation function tests. The cores of C. osmantha fruits were extracted with ethanol to obtain a crude extract. The extract was dissolved in water and further eluted with different concentrations of methanol on an MCI resin column to obtain three fractions. These samples were used for antithrombotic activity tests and phytochemical analysis. The results showed that the extract and its fractions of C. osmantha have strong antithrombotic activity, significantly reducing the platelet aggregation rate and prolonging the thrombin time (TT). The total saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in the active fractions may be responsible for the antithrombotic activity. The chemical constituents were analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF/MS). Twenty‐three compounds were identified rapidly and accurately. Among them, ellagic acid, naringenin, and quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronide may be important antithrombotic constituents. Furthermore, interactions between these compounds and the P2Y1 receptor were investigated via molecular modeling, because the P2Y1 receptor is a key drug target of antiplatelet aggregative activity. The molecular docking results suggested that these compounds could combine tightly with the P2Y1R protein. Our results showed that C. osmantha fruit cores are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which can be developed into a promising antithrombotic functional beverage for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Assessing synergistic effect of Jerusalem Artichoke juice and antioxidant compounds on enhanced viability and persistence ofBifidobacteriumspecies, palatability, and shelf life
Authors: Alsharafani Mustafa A. M. , Abdullah Taghreed , Jabur Zahraa A. , Hassan Abdulwahed Ahmed , Alhendi Abeer S. , Abdulmawjood Amir , Khan Izhar U. H.
Published: March 2022

Commercial vegetable and fruit juices with probiotics are new functional type of beverages; however, limitations including persistence and impact of probiotic bacteria on palatability and shelf life may prevent their industrial development. This study evaluated the effect of antioxidant compounds (ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, and ginseng) on viability and persistence ofBifidobacteriumspp. in Jerusalem Artichoke (JA) juice; and determine the impact of these antioxidants on the sensory (color, texture, flavor, acidity) properties, free reducing sugar (inulin and fructose), and shelf life in the fortified JA juice. Overall, the JA juice fortified with ascorbic acid showed a significant impact on the rate of persistence of two targeted bifidobacterial strains from 1 to 28 days at 5°C. Both strains produced slight acidity in ascorbic acid fortified JA juice as compared to other tested samples. Similarly, the JA juice fortified with ascorbic acid showed a significantly high increase in the total number of bifidobacterial cells of both species, enhanced palatability, and shelf life as compared to astaxanthin and ginseng extract. The quadratic model indicated a strong association between ascorbic acid, ginseng extract, and astaxanthin with a bifidobacterial cell concentration in the fortified JA juices. The Box–Behnken design was considered a feasible analysis for describing fortified JA juice and the rate of viability and persistence of bifidobacteria during 28 days of storage at 5°C in all trials. In conclusion, JA juice fortified with ascorbic acid showed a significant impact on improving the cell viability and persistence of probiotic bacteria, enhanced palatability, and shelf life as compared to other compounds tested.
Inhibition of Lactobacillus fermentum SHY10 on the white membrane production of soaked pickled radish
Authors: Yang Yang , Lian Yinyin , Yin Shimei , Suo Huayi , Zeng Fankun , Wang Hongwei , Song Jiajia , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2022

The formation of white bio‐membrane (shenghua) on the surface of pickle leads to uneatable and spoiled products, which has been the key problem restricting the development of Sichuan pickle industry. In this study, the 17 microorganisms in the white membrane of pickled radish were screened and identified, of which Candida parapsilosis was the main strain causing ”shenghua“. The membrane‐forming ability of Candida parapsilosis was determined by crystal violet staining to explore its adaptability to the fermentation environment concerning temperature and oxygen. It was found that Candida parapsilosis had the strongest membrane‐forming capacity under the aerobic condition at 37°C, with the highest OD595 nm value reached to 3.473 ± 0.07 at 72 h post inoculation. This research identified Lactobacillus fermentum SHY10 to be the inhibitor of the membrane production of Candida parapsilosis via the Oxford cup method on a Petri dish, and via co‐inoculation with Candida parapsilosis in pickles. Furthermore, this study specified that the cell‐free supernatant (CFS) of L. fermentum SHY10 had the most significant inhibitory effects and likely to result from protein substances in the CFS. Proteases treated CFS had significantly reduced inhibitory effects against membrane formation, which confirmed that the active component was protein substances. Overall, this study identified a functional LAB strain with significant inhibitory effects against the white membrane formation in pickles, which provide a safe and consumer‐friendly solution for the membrane problem in the fermented vegetable industry.
VIX option‐implied volatility slope and VIX futures returns
Authors: Yoon Jungah , Ruan Xinfeng , Zhang Jin E.
Published: March 2022

This paper documents the dynamics of the term structure of the implied volatility (IV) smirk of Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) options. Empirical analysis shows that VIX option–IV slope predicts VIX futures returns over the next day to month, outperforms existing investors' perception proxies in the stock and option markets. The empirical finding is rationalized through time‐varying correlation between the VIX and volatility of VIX (VVIX), VIX jumps, and investors' net positions in VIX futures market.
Secondary analyses for genome‐wide association studies using expression quantitative trait loci
Authors: Ngwa Julius S. , Yanek Lisa R. , Kammers Kai , Kanchan Kanika , Taub Margaret A. , Scharpf Robert B. , Faraday Nauder , Becker Lewis C. , Mathias Rasika A. , Ruczinski Ingo
Published: March 2022

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex traits; however, the identified SNPs account for a fraction of trait heritability, and identifying the functional elements through which genetic variants exert their effects remains a challenge. Recent evidence suggests that SNPs associated with complex traits are more likely to be expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Thus, incorporating eQTL information can potentially improve power to detect causal variants missed by traditional GWAS approaches. Using genomic, transcriptomic, and platelet phenotype data from the Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk family‐based study, we investigated the potential to detect novel genomic risk loci by incorporating information from eQTL in the relevant target tissues (i.e., platelets and megakaryocytes) using established statistical principles in a novel way. Permutation analyses were performed to obtain family‐wise error rates for eQTL associations, substantially lowering the genome‐wide significance threshold for SNP‐phenotype associations. In addition to confirming the well known association between PEAR1 and platelet aggregation, our eQTL‐focused approach identified a novel locus (rs1354034) and gene (ARHGEF3) not previously identified in a GWAS of platelet aggregation phenotypes. A colocalization analysis showed strong evidence for a functional role of this eQTL.
Transcriptomic profiling of a multiethnic pediatric NAFLD cohort reveals genes and pathways associated with disease
Authors: Yao Kangning , Tarabra Elena , Sia Daniela , Morotti Raffaella , Fawaz Rima , Valentino Pamela , Santoro Nicola , Caprio Sonia , Liu Silvia , Yimlamai Dean
Published: March 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in children. The mechanisms that drive NAFLD disease progression in this specific patient population remain poorly defined. In this study, we obtained liver biopsy samples from a multiethnic cohort of pediatric patients with NAFLD (n = 52, mean age = 13.6 years) and healthy liver controls (n = 5). We analyzed transcriptomic changes associated with NAFLD stages using high‐throughput RNA sequencing. Unsupervised clustering as well as pairwise transcriptome comparison distinguished NAFLD from healthy livers. We identified perturbations in pathways including calcium and insulin/glucose signaling occurring early in NAFLD disease, before the presence of histopathologic evidence of advanced disease. Transcriptomic comparisons identified a 25‐gene signature associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. We also identified expression of the insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) gene family (1/2/3/7) as correlating with disease stages, and it has the potential to be used as a peripheral biomarker in NAFLD. Comparing our data set with publicly available adult and adolescent transcriptomic data, we identified similarities and differences in pathway enrichment and gene‐expression profiles between adult and pediatric patients with NAFLD. Regulation of genes including interleukin‐32, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP7 was consistently found in both NAFLD populations, whereas IGFBP3 was specific to pediatric NAFLD. Conclusion: This paper expands our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying pediatric NAFLD. It identifies potential biomarkers and directs us toward new therapies in this population.
Investment opportunities in the energy market: What can be learnt from different energy sectors
Authors: Uddin Gazi Salah , Sahamkhadam Maziar , Yahya Muhammad , Tang Ou
Published: March 2022

We construct portfolio strategies consisting of different stocks from four main energy market sectors, including oil and gas, oil and gas related equipment and services, multiline utilities and renewable energy. To construct portfolio strategies, we first forecast assets' returns by using multivariate copula models. These forecasting frameworks enable us to undertake both symmetric and asymmetric tail connectedness in simulating from the joint distribution. Second, we applied four major risk measures including volatility, mean absolute deviation, conditional value‐at‐risk and conditional drawdown‐at‐Risk. Our findings indicate that the consideration of homogeneity of oil and gas sector and oil and gas related equipment and services sector, together with the heterogeneity of multiline utilities sector and renewable energy sector should lead to information decoupling among these sectors, thereby providing portfolio diversification. The mixed copula model results in better out‐of‐sample economic performance, indicating the advantage obtained from modelling both symmetric and asymmetric tail dependence. Our analysis of the portfolio weights, among the energy market sectors, shows that for optimal portfolios, multiline utilities and renewable energy sectors constitute higher portion of the invested assets. The study results provide an encouraging guideline for developing renewable energy sector from the perspective of financial market.
Special issue editorial: Revitalisation of dynamic riverine landscapes—Evaluation of the effects of hydromorphological restoration measures
Authors: Schulz‐Zunkel Christiane , Dziock Frank , Seele‐Dilbat Carolin , Bondar‐Kunze Elisabeth , Scholz Mathias
Published: March 2022

The progressive loss of biodiversity in rivers and their floodplains has not yet been stopped. With the European Biodiversity Strategy and the goal of restoring at least 25,000 km of free‐flowing European rivers by 2030, the first important step has been taken. Now we need to be able to effectively demonstrate a reversal of biodiversity loss as well as the success of urgently needed restoration measures. This special issue presents twelve results of current river and floodplain restoration and evaluation approaches that have successfully combined hydromorphological restoration measures with interdisciplinary research. We report comprehensively on the challenges and opportunities that river and floodplain restoration can offer to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of these habitats.
Friends know you: Peer nomination of self‐control predict changes in academic achievement and friendship among adolescents
Authors: Park Daeun , Tsukayama Eli , Galla Brian M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Self‐control predicts academic achievement and social outcomes in adolescents. Despite the increased role of peers in the lives of adolescents, little is known about whether peers' views of an individual's self‐control have predictive validity for academic and social outcomes.

Method

In a longitudinal study involving over 1500 adolescents (Mage = 13.74), we examined whether peer nomination of self‐control provides incremental predictive validity over and above self‐reports for rank‐order changes in academic achievement and friendship (i.e., the total number of nominations received as a best friend). To do so, we followed 8th graders through the 9th grade, measuring self‐reported self‐control (academic vs. social), peer‐nominated self‐control (academic vs. social), grade point average, and friendship.

Results

Peer‐nominated academic self‐control predicted rank‐order changes in grade point average and peer‐nominated interpersonal self‐control predicted rank‐order changes in friendship over and above self‐reported academic and interpersonal self‐control.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the predictive utility of peer nominations in research on self‐control.