bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering of Metal Plates and Powder Work Pieces
Authors: Lazurenko Daria V. , Mali Vyacheslav I. , Thoemmes Alexander
Published: December 2014

Laminate composites with an intermetallic component are some of the most prospective constructional and functional materials. The basic formation method of such materials consists in heating a stack composed of metallic plates reacting at elevated temperatures to form intermetallic phases. The temperature of the process is usually approximately equal to a melting point of a more easily fusible component. In this study, an alternative technology of producing a titanium – titanium aluminide composite with a laminate structure is suggested. It consists in combining metallic (titanium and aluminum) powder mixtures pre-sintered at 400 оС with titanium plates, alternate stacking of these components and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the fabricated workpieces. Applying this technology allowed for the fabrication of metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) materials with an inhomogeneous structure of intermetallic interlayers. The phases revealed in the composite by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were α-Ti, Al, Al3Ti and Al2Ti. Moreover, the results of the energy-dispersive analysis gave the evidence of the formation of Ti-enriched phases in powder layers after SPS. A small number of voids were observed between the structural components of the intermetallic layers. Voids were also detected at “metal-intermetallic” interfaces; however, the quality of connection between different layers in the composite was very high. The microhardness of an intermetallic layer formed in the composite was comparable to the microhardness of the Al3Ti compound. The microhardness of titanium was equal to 1600 MPa.
Selective Laser Melting of the Inconel 718 Nickel Superalloy
Authors: Sufiiarov Vadim Sh. , Borisov Evgenii V. , Polozov Igor A.
Published: December 2014

The results of the research on selective laser melting process of the Inconel 718 superalloy powder under conditions of additive manufacturing of parts for special purposes are presented. The influence of process parameters on the quality of manufactured parts is shown. Process parameters which allow manufacturing parts with the density close to 100%, are determined. Also, the results of mechanical tests and investigation of microstructure are presented.
Impact of Electrolytic-Plasma Nitriding on 34CrNi1Mo Steel Surface Layer Properties
Authors: Skakov Mazhyn , Yerygina Lyudmila , Scheffler Michael
Published: December 2014

The present work is devoted to the research into the microstructure and microhardness of structural steel 34CrNi1Mo after electrolytic-plasma nitriding in a cathode heating mode. The technology of electrolyte-plasma hardening provides a reliable quality and the required mechanical properties of the products which are often subjected to wear and temperature-force actions.
Development Modes of Prior Free Sintering to Form a High-Density Fine Grain Ceramics after HIP
Authors: Veselov Sergey , Belousova Natalya , Timarevskiy Roman , Cherkasova Nina
Published: December 2014

In this paper the two methods of pre-operation green samples to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were investigated. The influence the method of formation (uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing) and the temperature-time parameters on property of samples was analyzed. Structural investigation was carried out and physical properties of samples were defined. The recommendations for pre-operation and uses of sintering modes samples for HIP were given.
Technological Inheritance of Waviness at Milling
Authors: Vitvinov M.K. , Leonov S.L. , Sitnikov A.A.
Published: December 2014

To describe the shaping process of the part profile the transfer functions device is used. These functions are obtained with the help of the operation frequency characteristics. The results show the dependences of the transfer function coefficients on the cutting conditions parameters.
A Scheme for Hydrogen Evolution from Natural Gas
Authors: Bubenchikov Mikhail A. , Potekaev Alexander I. , Bubenchikov Alexey M.
Published: December 2014

We discuss one of the schemes of hydrogen evolution from a natural gas mixture. The scheme relies on the use of membranes formed by graphene plates containing calibrated pores in the crystalline structure. We provide the description scheme and the technology for calculating interaction between gas environment molecules and nanosized molecular structures. As an example, we consider mechanisms of hydrogen atoms penetration through defects in a graphene plate.
Active Power Losses in Pressure Rings for Contact Shoes of Ore-Thermal Furnace
Authors: Serikov Viktor , Vlasov David , Goreva Ludmila
Published: December 2014

Results of electromagnetic problem solution for three-phase electrodes system in ore-thermal furnace for electrodes equivalent electric circuit parameters calculation made by using 3D-models in numerical finite element method program package ANSYS are presented. Contact shoes pressure rings and heat shield of energy feeding unit are taken into account.
Partial Discharges Registration in Transformer Oil at the ‘Point-Plane’ Electrode System
Authors: Bychkov Aleksandr , Korobeynikov Sergey , Ovsyannikov Aleksandr
Published: December 2014

The results of the experimental studies of partial discharges in GK transformer oil with electrode system “point-plane” that provide sharp inhomogeneous electric field are presented. It was found out that two types of partial discharge pulses which differ in form and time duration appeared at the negative point polarity of the needle. The study of different types of pulses was conducted by electric and electro-optical methods of partial discharge registration.
Mathematical Modelling of Methane-Air Combustion in a Channel with a Porous Axial Insert
Authors: Baygulova Anastasia I. , Bubenchikov Aleksey M. , Matvienko Oleg V.
Published: December 2014

In the paper we construct a mathematical model of turbulent flow, combustion and heat transfer in an axisymmetric chamber with an axial zone of a compacted particulate material. The averaged equations written using the model of interacting and interpenetrating continua contain diffusion equations of individual components, the energy equation for the gas and the porous structure, the motion equation for a mixture of gaseous components, as well as the equation of the turbulence model. This system is closed by the equations of continuity and condition of the mixture. In the flow, an irreversible chemical reaction of stoichiometric mixture of methane and oxygen proceeds. Numerical study of porosity influencing the nature of turbulent combustion is conducted.
Justification of Well Type and Design Depending on Depletion Mechanism of High-Viscosity Oil Production
Authors: Khanzhina Vasilina , Kovalev Aleksei , Zinoviev Aleksei
Published: December 2014

While choosing an optimal field development strategy it is necessary to take into account the possible effects of oil structural-mechanical qualities. The presented methods allow estimating the effect of structural-mechanical qualities of the production of oil with high levels of asphaltene and tarry substances. After completing all calculations and designing, a parameter set is created for optimal depletion mechanisms of the production of nonlinear high-viscosity non-Newtonian oil.
Efficiency of Equipment State Assessment System Implementation
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra I. , Baltin Denis A. , Babushkina Natalia A.
Published: December 2014

The article is concerned with problems of modern power industry in Russia in the context of technical state assessment of power plants and substations' equipment. Operations algorithm of automated model implemented with the use of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference method are presented in the article. Performance analysis of implementation of automated system of equipment actual state assessment in toolset of power plants maintenance services was performed.
Simplified Model of Flywheel Energy Storage as a Part of the Russky Island Power Network Type
Authors: Gorte Olga , Khmelik Mikhail
Published: December 2014

Permanent magnet machine based on the flywheel energy system model is suggested. The results of the dynamic properties examination for the Russky Island power network with the use of MATLAB/Simulink/SymPowerSystems package is presented.
Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Solid Fuels to Generate Power
Authors: Grechoukhina M. , Condratenko P. , Mourzin А.
Published: December 2014

The following paper proposes a new system based on the direct transformation of a small-size jet engine thrust into torque. The paper determines the performance indices both of the design of the system transforming the jet thrust into rotary motion and the power generation.
Triple Power Effect in Power Supply Systems of Buildings due to Automated Energy-Efficient Windows
Authors: Smirnov Nikolay , Zakharov Vadim , Kolosova Yulia
Published: December 2014

New energy saving windows with heat-reflecting shields are well known, but their practical use requires that they should be integrated into the automated system of controlling heat supply in buildings, and the efficiency of their use, as well as the existing energy-saving measures must be determined. The study was based on the results of field tests of windows with heat-reflective shields in a certified climate chamber. A method for determining the required minimum indoor air temperature in setback heating mode using heat-reflective shields in windows has been worked out. An automated system of controlling heat supply in buildings using heat-reflecting screens has been developed.
On the hiatus in the acceleration of tropical upwelling since the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Aschmann J. , Burrows J. P. , Gebhardt C. , Rozanov A. , Hommel R. , Weber M. , Thompson A. M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Chemistry–climate models predict an acceleration of the upwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation as a consequence of increasing global surface temperatures, resulting from elevated levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The observed decrease of ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere during the last decades of the 20th century is consistent with the anticipated acceleration of upwelling. However, more recent satellite observations of ozone reveal that this decrease has unexpectedly stopped in the first decade of the 21st century, challenging the implicit assumption of a continuous acceleration of tropical upwelling. In this study we use three decades of chemistry-transport-model simulations (1980–2013) to investigate this phenomenon and resolve this apparent contradiction. Aside from a high-bias between 1985–1990, our model is able to reproduce the observed tropical lower stratosphere ozone record. A regression analysis identifies a significant decrease in the early period followed by a statistically robust trend-change after 2002, in qualitative agreement with the observations. We demonstrate that this trend-change is correlated with structural changes in the vertical transport, represented in the model by diabatic heating rates taken from the reanalysis product Era-Interim. These changes lead to a hiatus in the acceleration of tropical upwelling between 70–30 hPa and a southward shift of the tropical pipe at 30 and 100 hPa during the past decade, which appear to be the primary causes for the observed trend-change in ozone.
A regional CO2 observing system simulation experiment for the ASCENDS satellite mission
Authors: Wang J. S. , Kawa S. R. , Eluszkiewicz J. , Baker D. F. , Mountain M. , Henderson J. , Nehrkorn T. , Zaccheo T. S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Top–down estimates of the spatiotemporal variations in emissions and uptake of CO2 will benefit from the increasing measurement density brought by recent and future additions to the suite of in situ and remote CO2 measurement platforms. In particular, the planned NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) satellite mission will provide greater coverage in cloudy regions, at high latitudes, and at night than passive satellite systems, as well as high precision and accuracy. In a novel approach to quantifying the ability of satellite column measurements to constrain CO2 fluxes, we use a portable library of footprints (surface influence functions) generated by the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model in combination with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in a regional Bayesian synthesis inversion. The regional Lagrangian particle dispersion model framework is well suited to make use of ASCENDS observations to constrain weekly fluxes in North America at a high resolution, in this case at 1° latitude × 1° longitude. We consider random measurement errors only, modeled as a function of the mission and instrument design specifications along with realistic atmospheric and surface conditions. We find that the ASCENDS observations could potentially reduce flux uncertainties substantially at biome and finer scales. At the grid scale and weekly resolution, the largest uncertainty reductions, on the order of 50%, occur where and when there is good coverage by observations with low measurement errors and the a priori uncertainties are large. Uncertainty reductions are smaller for a 1.57 μm candidate wavelength than for a 2.05 μm wavelength, and are smaller for the higher of the two measurement error levels that we consider (1.0 ppm vs. 0.5 ppm clear-sky error at Railroad Valley, Nevada). Uncertainty reductions at the annual biome scale range from ~40% to ~75% across our four instrument design cases and from ~65% to ~85% for the continent as a whole. Tests suggest that the quantitative results are moderately sensitive to assumptions regarding a priori uncertainties and boundary conditions. The a posteriori flux uncertainties we obtain, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 Pg C yr−1 across the biomes, would meet requirements for improved understanding of long-term carbon sinks suggested by a previous study.
Extending the satellite data record of tropospheric ozone profiles from Aura-TES to MetOp-IASI: characterisation of optimal estimation retrievals
Authors: Oetjen H. , Payne V. H. , Kulawik S. S. , Eldering A. , Worden J. , Edwards D. P. , Francis G. L. , Worden H. M. , Clerbaux C. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. We apply the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) ozone retrieval algorithm to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) radiances and characterise the uncertainties and information content of the retrieved ozone profiles. This study focuses on mid-latitudes for the year 2008. We validate our results by comparing the IASI ozone profiles to ozone sondes. In the sonde comparisons, we find a negative bias (1–10%) in the IASI profiles in the lower to mid-troposphere and a positive bias (up to 14%) in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. For the described cases, the degrees of freedom for signal are on average 3.2, 0.3, 0.8, and 0.9 for the columns 0 km – top of atmosphere, (0–6), (0–11), and (8–16) km, respectively. We find that our biases with respect to sondes and our degrees of freedom for signal for ozone are comparable to previously published results from other IASI ozone algorithms. In addition to evaluating biases, we validate the retrieval errors by comparing predicted errors to the sample covariance matrix of the IASI observations themselves. For the predicted versus empirical error comparison, we find that these errors are consistent and that the measurement noise and the interference of temperature and water vapour on the retrieval together mostly explain the empirically derived random errors. In general, the precision of the IASI ozone profiles is better than 20%.
Deployment of a sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence sensor for the detection of gaseous elemental mercury at ambient levels: fast, specific, ultrasensitive detection with parts-per-quadrillion sensitivity
Authors: Bauer D. , Everhart S. , Remeika J. , Tatum Ernest C. , Hynes A. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The operation of a laser-based sensor for gas-phase elemental mercury, Hg(0), is described. It utilizes sequential two-photon laser excitation with detection of blue-shifted laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to provide a highly specific detection scheme that precludes detection of anything other than atomic mercury. It has high sensitivity, fast temporal resolution, and can be deployed for in situ measurements in the open atmosphere with essentially no perturbation of the environment. An ambient sample can also be pulled through a fluorescence cell, allowing for standard addition calibrations of the concentration. No type of preconcentration is required and there appears to be no significant interferences from other atmospheric constituents, including gas-phase oxidized mercury species. As a consequence, it is not necessary to remove oxidized mercury, commonly referred to as reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), from the air sample. The instrument has been deployed as part of an instrument intercomparison and compares well with conventional instrumentation that utilizes preconcentration on gold followed by analysis using cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS). Currently, the achievable detection sensitivity is ~ 15 pg m−3 (~ 5 × 104 atoms cm−3, ~ 2 ppq) at a sampling rate of 0.1 Hz, i.e., averaging 100 shots with a 10 Hz laser system. Preliminary results are described for a 50 Hz instrument that utilizes a modified excitation sequence and has monitored ambient elemental mercury with an effective sampling rate of 10 Hz. Additional work is required to produce the precision necessary to perform eddy correlation measurements. Addition of a pyrolysis channel should allow for the measurement of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and hence RGM (by difference) with good sensitivity and time resolution.
Differences in aerosol absorption Ångström exponents between correction algorithms for a particle soot absorption photometer measured on the South African Highveld
Authors: Backman J. , Virkkula A. , Vakkari V. , Beukes J. P. , Van Zyl P. G. , Josipovic M. , Piketh S. , Tiitta P. , Chiloane K. , Petäjä T. , Kulmala M. , Laakso L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) calculated from filter-based absorption measurements are often used to give information on the origin of the ambient aerosol, for example, to distinguish between urban pollution and biomass burning aerosol. Filter-based absorption measurements are widely used and are common at aerosol monitoring stations globally. Several correction algorithms are used to account for artefacts associated with filter-based absorption techniques. These algorithms are of profound importance when determining the absolute amount of absorption by the aerosol. However, this study shows that there are substantial differences between the AAEs calculated from these corrections. Depending on the used correction, AAEs can change by as much as 46%. The study also highlights that the difference between AAEs calculated using different corrections can lead to conflicting conclusions on the type of aerosol when using the same data set. The AAE ranged between 1.17 for non-corrected data to 1.96 for the correction that gave the greatest values. Furthermore, the study implies that the AAEs reported for a site depend on at which filter transmittance the filter is changed. In this work, the AAEs were calculated from data measured with a three-wavelength particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) at Elandsfontein on the South African Highveld for 23 months. The sample air of the PSAP was diluted to prolong filter change intervals, by a factor of 15. The correlation coefficient between the dilution-corrected PSAP and a non-diluted Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) was 0.9. Thus, the study also shows that the applicability of the PSAP can be extended to remote sites that are not often visited or suffer from high levels of pollution.
A possible influence of the Great White Spot on Saturn kilometric radiation periodicity
Authors: Fischer G. , Ye S.-Y. , Groene J. B. , Ingersoll A. P. , Sayanagi K. M. , Menietti J. D. , Kurth W. S. , Gurnett D. A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The periodicity of Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) varies with time, and its two periods during the first 5 years of the Cassini mission have been attributed to SKR from the northern and southern hemisphere. After Saturn equinox in August 2009, there were long intervals of time (March 2010 to February 2011 and September 2011 to June 2012) with similar northern and southern SKR periods and locked SKR phases. However, from March to August 2011 the SKR periods were split up again, and the phases were unlocked. In this time interval, the southern SKR period slowed down by ~ 0.5% on average, and there was a large jump back to a faster period in August 2011. The northern SKR period speeded up and coalesced again with the southern period in September 2011. We argue that this unusual behavior could be related to the so-called Great White Spot (GWS), a giant thunderstorm that raged in Saturn's atmosphere around that time. For several months in 2011, the visible head of the GWS had the same period of ~ 10.69 h as the main southern SKR modulation signal. The GWS was most likely a source of intense gravity waves that may have caused a global change in Saturn's thermospheric winds via energy and momentum deposition. This would support the theory that Saturn's magnetospheric periodicities are driven by the upper atmosphere. Since the GWS with simultaneous SKR periodicity measurements have only been made once, it is difficult to prove a physical connection between these two phenomena, but we provide plausible mechanisms by which the GWS might modify the SKR periods.
Sea-ice melt CO2–carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO2 gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice
Authors: Bates N. R. , Garley R. , Frey K. E. , Shake K. L. , Mathis J. T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2–carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea-ice as "melt ponds" and below sea-ice as "interface waters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (∼0.5 to <6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ∼20 to <550 μmol kg−1) and total alkalinity (TA; ∼30 to <500 μmol kg−1) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared to the co-located underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in these melt ponds was highly variable (∼<10 to >1500 μatm) with the majority of melt ponds acting as potentially strong sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pH of melt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to 7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (>8.2 to 10.8). All of the observed melt ponds had very low (<0.1) saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals such as aragonite (Ωaragonite). Our data suggest that sea-ice generated alkaline or acidic type melt pond water. This melt water chemistry dictates whether the ponds are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere or CO2 sinks. Below-ice interface water CO2–carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantial generation of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of CaCO3 in sea-ice. The interface waters generally had lower pCO2 and higher pH/Ωaragonite than the co-located mixed layer beneath. Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed-layer pCO2, thereby enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO2 from the atmosphere. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-ice CO2–carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to the complex factors that influence the balance of CO2 sinks and sources (and thereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean.
Alterações Clínicas, Epidemiológicas, Citológicas, Histológicas e Estadiamento de Cães com Neoplasias Mamárias
Authors: Ribas Cristina Rauen , Dornbusch Peterson Triches , De Faria Marconi Rodrigues , Wouk Antônio Felipe Paulino de Figueiredo , Cirio Silvana Maris
Published: December 2014

As neoplasias de glândulas mamárias são comumente encontradas na rotina da clínica médica de pequenos animais, sendo superadas em número de casos apenas por neoplasias de pele. A epidemiologia das neoplasias mamárias baseia-se principalmente no acometimento de cadelas não castradas ou castradas após vários cios, na faixa etária geriátrica, sem qualquer predisposição racial. Etiologicamente desenvolve-se a partir da produção de estrógeno e progesterona em progressão geométrica a cada ciclo estral apresentado durante a vida da cadela. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, citológicos, histopatológicos e o estadiamento de 36 cadelas acometidas com neoplasias mamárias. Neste estudo, observou-se que 88,88% das cadelas avaliadas não eram castradas e que a média de idade total foi equivalente a 9,9 anos, sem diferença entre porte e idade, acometendo animais obesos, e com maior acometimento de cadelas sem raça definida, as quais compreendem o maior número de animais atendidos na unidade hospitalar estudada. Foi encontrado um maior número de adenocarcinomas em pacientes com estadiamento de grau IV. Conclui-se que a incidência de neoplasias mamárias, neste estudo, foi equivalente a 51%, de todos os pacientes portadores de neoplasias atendidos no Serviço de Oncologia, com 89% dos animais acometidos acima do peso desejado e estando o adenocarcinoma presente em quase metade das massas tumorais avaliadas.
ESTUDO DE CARACTERES QUE POSSAM AUXILIAR NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE OVINOS RESISTENTES E SUSCEPTÍVEIS ÀS HELMINTOSES GASTRINTESTINAIS
Authors: SOTOMAIOR CRISTINA SANTOS
Published: December 2014

Com o objetivo de identificar animais resistentes e susceptíveis aos helmintos gastrintestinais, foi estudado um rebanho ovino, na região de Curitiba, formado por 64 ovelhas e 77 cordeiros. As ovelhas foram avaliadas durante 4 meses, da fase de parto até o final da lactação. Os cordeiros foram avaliados também durante 4 meses, com o início do experimento um mês após o desmame. Tanto para ovelhas como para cordeiros, foram analisados os dados de OPG (ovos por grama de fezes), número de eosinófilos sangüíneos, hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina e tipo de hemoglobina. A primeira metodologia, empregada para a identificação e seleção dos animais, foi baseada somente nos valores de OPG. Para tanto, foram formuladas várias hipóteses, onde eram usados diferentes critérios quanto ao número de avaliações de OPG e quanto ao nível de corte Para as ovelhas, selecionou-se, em média, 20% do rebanho como resistente e 18% como susceptível. A média de OPG das ovelhas resistentes e susceptíveis, na última avaliação, foi de 386,59 OPG e 7891,90 OPG, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto aos valores de hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina e número de eosinófilos. Quanto aos cordeiros, 19,5% dos animais foram considerados resistentes, com média de OPG, na terceira avaliação, de 390,84 OPG; e 18%, susceptíveis, com média de 8528,76 OPG. Também houve diferença significativa entre os grupos dos cordeiros resistentes e susceptíveis, quanto aos valores de hematócrito e concentração de hemoglobina. Quanto ao número de eosinófilos, também houve diferença, porém não significativa estatisticamente No presente experimento, não foi possível estabelecer relação entre o tipo de hemoglobina e resistência aos parasitas. Outra metodologia empregada para a seleção dos animais resistentes e susceptíveis, foram as análises de Cluster e K-médias. Para estas análises classificatórias, foram utilizados todos os caracteres estudados (OPG, eosinófilos, hematócrito e concentração de hemoglobina). Estas análises confirmaram os resultados obtidos pelo método anterior e indicam que o nível de corte de OPG utilizado poderia ser maior. Portanto, a inclusão de análises como a de Cluster, na seleção dos animais, permitiria o estabelecimento de níveis de corte mais apropriados para o grau de infecção e, conseqüentemente, níveis de contaminação de pastagens, do Paraná. A grande contribuição da identificação de animais resistentes e susceptíveis para a ovinocultura paranaense seria no sentido de possibilitar a eliminação dos animais altamente susceptíveis, por serem estes os grandes responsáveis pelos altos índices de contaminação das pastagens.
VALOR NUTRICIONAL DO GIRASSOL (Helianthus annuus L.) COMO FORRAGEIRA
Authors: HILL J.A.G. , FLEMMING J.S. , MONTANHINI NETO R. , CAMARGO H. , FLEMMING D. F.
Published: December 2014

No ano agrícola de 1998/1999, o experimento foi conduzido no município de São José do Pinhais (Pr), com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade nutricional do girassol como forrageira. Dois genótipos comerciais (DK-180 e Rumbosol-91) foram caracterizados morfologicamente e avaliados quanto à sua composição bromatológica em três estádios de desenvolvimento. O delineamento experimental baseouse em arranjo fatorial 2x3 (2 genótipos e 3 estádios), com seis repetições (unidade experimental) para as características estudadas. O plantio de genótipos foi realizado em novembro de 1998 e a colheita realizada em 85, 97 e 111 dias após, para o genótipo DK-180, e 97, 105 e 112 dias, para o genótipo Rumbosol-91. Nas análises bromatológicas, o genótipo DK-180 foi considerado o de melhor qualidade (P
EXAME ANATOMOPATOLÓGICO, MICROBIOLÓGICO, CITOLÓGICO E FÍSICO-QUÍMICO DAS ARTICULAÇÕES DE SUÍNOS ARTRÍTICOS NO MATADOURO
Authors: ALBERTON G.C. , BANDARRA E. P. , PIFFER I. , MORES M.A.Z. , PEREIRA M.A.C. , YAMAMOTO M.T.
Published: December 2014

Estudou-se por meio de exames anatomopatológico, microbiológico, citológico e físico-químico, as articulações de 130 suínos abatidos em um matadouro localizado em Concórdia  SC. Os animais foram escolhidos de forma direcionada e as articulações foram classificadas macroscopicamente de acordo com as lesões presentes na membrana sinovial, cartilagem articular e no linfonodo regional. Dos 130 suínos escolhidos, 25 apresentavam-se com as articulações normais, 36 com artrite causada pela osteocondrose, 50 com artrite infecciosa e 19 com artrite traumática. Em todos os casos de artrite infecciosa havia reação do linfonodo regional e, da mesma forma, sempre que os linfonodos regionais estavam reativos, havia artrite infecciosa no membro relacionado. Dos 50 casos de artrite infecciosa, 40 (80%) eram assépticos, de sete (14%) foi isolado o Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae e de três (6%), o Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, pela primeira vez isolado no Brasil. Nas demais categorias de artrite, não foram isolados nenhum agente infeccioso e nem visualizadas alterações nos linfonodos regionais. Conclui-se que as artrites infecciosas são acompanhadas de reação dos linfonodos regionais e as artrites causadas pela osteocondrose são estéreis. Pathological, microbiological, cytological and physical-chemical studies of joints from arthritic swines in the abattoir Abstract The joints of one hundred and thirty pigs from an abattoir in Concórdia - SC, were studied, by means of pathological, microbiological, cytological and physical-chemical procedures. The choice of the pigs was not made by random distribution and the joints were grouped grossly according of lesions of the synovial membrane, cartilage and of the draining lymph node. From 130 pigs, 36 showed lesions of osteochondrosis, 50 infectious arthritis, 19 traumatic arthritis and 25 normal joints. In all cases of infectious arthritis there was a reaction of the corresponding draining lymph node. Whenever the draining lymph node was reactive, there was infectious arthritis in the related limb. Of the 50 infectious arthritis, 40 (80%) were aseptic, 7 (14%) yielded Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and 3 (6%) yielded Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, for the first time isolated in Brazil. In the remaining arthritis categories, no infectious agents nor alterations in the draining lymph node was diagnosed.
A Threefold Hybridity. Picturebook art fantasies as life writing
Authors: Van der Heyden Ingrid , Van Lierop Helma
Published: December 2014

Picturebook art fantasies about the life and work of famous artists are usually studied from an art education perspective, but they are also interesting from the point of view of life writing, because of their hybridity on three levels: the combination of fact and fiction, the synergy between text and images and their attractiveness for both child and adult readers. In this article two picturebooks are examined on this threefold hybridity, one about Wassily Kandinsky and one about Piet Mondrian. Both books are part of a series of picturebooks, initiated by the Municipal Museum in The Hague and Dutch children’s book publisher Leopold. It is argued that the postmodern experimentation with the form which is characteristic of life narratives for adults, can also be observed in children’s literature. The biographies of Kandinsky and Mondrian make use of novelistic techniques and the interplay between words and images to tell about the life and work of these two visual artists. The many allusions in text and images to the art and the poetics of the two painters show that these picturebooks are a challenging form of life writing for both adults and children.
Bibliography
Authors: Luca Ioana , Kurvet-Käosaar Leena
Published: December 2014

The present bibliography is an attempt to bring together work on life writing from Eastern Europe. We welcome further references to national scholarship in the attempt to make more visible the Eastern European presence in life writing. The European Journal of Life Writing provides the ideal format for an open ended sharing of references to which all interested scholars in the field are invited to contribute.
Writing the Lives of the Poor
Authors: Ashplant T.G.
Published: December 2014

The conference 'Writing the Lives of the Poor' arose out of a joint Anglo-German research project, “Pauper Letters and Petitions for Poor Relief in Germany and Great Britain,1770–1914”, funded by the UK’s Arts & Humanities Research Council,and directed by Prof. Steven King (University of Leicester) and Prof.Dr. Andreas Gestrich (Director, German Historical Institute London. These narratives comprise letters and petitions written by paupers seeking some form of relief. In describing the circumstances which led them to appeal for help, the authors construct autobiographical vignettes. The project aims to construct an online, edited corpus of such texts, which survive in considerable numbers in British and German archives.
Aminkomplexe des Golds, Teil 8: Zwei Pyridinderivate des Gold(I)-thiocyanats [1] / Amine Complexes of Gold, Part 8: Two Pyridine Derivatives of Gold(I) Thiocyanate
Authors: Döring Cindy , Jones Peter G.
Published: December 2014

The reaction between (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and KSCN leads to a mixture possibly consisting of gold(I) thiocyanate and [Au(tht)2]+ [Au(SCN)2]-. This can be treated with pyridine to give the ionic derivative [Au(py)2]+ [Au(SCN)2]- (1), for which the structures of two polymorphs were determined. Orthorhombic polymorph 1a (space group Pbcn, Z = 4) consists of infinite chains of alternating cations and anions with all gold atoms lying on a twofold axis, whereas triclinic polymorph 1b (space group P1̅, Z = 2) contains isolated tetranuclear units cation···anion···anion···cation with inversion symmetry. In both patterns the gold atoms are linked by short aurophilic contacts. Attempts to recrystallize 1b from dichloromethane-diethyl ether led to small quantities of tetrapyridinium bis(dithiocyanatogold(I)) sulfate (2), (pyH)4[Au(SCN)2]2(SO4), which was identified by crystal structure analysis. The cations are associated with the sulfate ions by classical hydrogen bonds; aurophilic interactions between the anions lead to dimers, which further associate to chains by Au···S contacts.
1,2-Hydroboration and 1,1-Carboboration of Alkynyl(ferrocenyl)vinylsilanes. Novel Siloles
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang , Butterhof Christian , Inzenhofer Kathrin
Published: December 2014

Alkynyl(ferrocenyl)vinylsilanes containing up to three alkynyl units were prepared and treated with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN). All reactions proceeded in the beginning by regioselective 1,2-hydroboration of the vinyl group, with boron attached to the terminal carbon. This was followed by intra-molecular 1,1-carboboration, leading to fused silacarbacycles, depending on the number of C≡C bonds. Thus, new siloles and even fused siloles became available. The solution-state structures were revealed by multinuclear NMR techniques (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si NMR), complemented by calculated single-molecule structures and calculated NMR parameters at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. In one case, the solid-state structure of a bicyclic derivative was determined.
Zr4CuSb7 – A PbFCl-related Polyantimonide, and Structure Relations of Zirconium-Transition Metal Polyantimonides
Authors: Greiwe Magnus , Nilges Tom
Published: December 2014

Single crystals of tetrazirconium copper heptaantimonide were obtained by arc-melting and annealing from the elements in ideal ratios including a 10% excess of Sb. The excess of Sb is needed to compensate for the evaporation loss during arc-melting synthesis. Zr4CuSb7 crystallizes tetragonally, space group P4bm (no. 100) as a racemic twin. It adopts a unique structure that can be regarded as a composite of a PbClF unit and a layered, partially copper-substituted polyantimonide substructure. Zr4CuSb7 represents a filling and substitution variant of the Hf5Sb9 structure type. The copper atoms fill voids and partially replace antimony atoms in the 4.82 Sb net of the Hf5Sb9 polyantimonide substructure to form a distorted 44 net in Zr4CuSb7. Structure relations to known zirconium-transition metal polyantimonides are given, and new structures are predicted based on these relations.
The Gallium Intermetallics REPdGa3 (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) with SrPdGa3-type Structure
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Niehaus Oliver , Matar Samir F. , Janka Oliver , Gerke Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: December 2014

The gallium-rich intermetallic phases REPdGa3 (RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) were obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. The structures of three crystals were refined from X-ray diffractometer data: SrPdGa3 type, Cmcm, a=634.3(1), b=1027.2(1), c=593.5(1) pm, wR=0.0621, 380 F2 values, 20 variables for CePd0:80(4)Ga3:20(4), a=635.9(1), b=1027.5(1), c=592.0(1) pm, wR=0.1035, 457 F2 values, 19 variables for CePdGa3, and a=640.7(1), b=1038.2(1), c=593.7(1) pm, wR=0.0854, 489 F2 values, 19 variables for EuPdGa3. The REPdGa3 gallides are orthorhombic superstructure variants of the aristotype ThCr2Si2. The palladium and gallium atoms build up polyanionic [PdGa3]δ- networks with Pd-Ga and Ga-Ga distances of 248 - 254 and 266 - 297 pm, respectively, in EuPdGa3. The rare earth atoms fill cavities within the polyanionic networks. They are coordinated by five palladium and twelve gallium atoms. Taking CePdGa3 as an illustrative representative, the band structure calculations show largely dispersive itinerant s, p bands and little dispersive d (Pd) and f (Ce) bands, the latter crossing the Fermi level at large magnitude leading to magnetic instability in a spin-degenerate state and a subsequent antiferromagnetic ground state with a small moment of ±0.36 μB on Ce. The bonding characteristics indicate a prevailing Ce-Ga bonding versus Pd-Ga and Ce-Pd. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements point to stable trivalent lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium, but divalent europium. SmPdGa3 shows intermediate valence. Antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at TN =5.1(5), 7.0(5), 6.3(5), 11.9(5), and 23.0(5) for RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu, respectively.
Calix[4]arene Derivatives of Titanium and Zirconium Alkoxides
Authors: Czakler Matthias , Artner Christine , Maurer Christian , Schubert Ulrich
Published: December 2014

Reaction of Ti(OBu)4 or Zr(OBu)4 with tbutyl-calix[4]arene, calixtBu(OH)4, led to the formation of Ti2(OBu)2[calixtBuO3(OH)]2 and Zr3(OBu)8(calixtBuO4), respectively. Upon in situ generation of water in the reaction with Zr(OBu)4, the partially hydrolyzed compound Zr4O(OBu)6(calixtBuO4)2 (BuOH)2 was isolated.
Thiocyanate Anchors for Salt-like Iron(II) Complexes on Au(111): Promises and Caveats
Authors: Stock Philipp , Erbe Andreas , Buck Manfred , Wiedemann Dennis , Ménard Hervé , Hörner Gerald , Grohmann Andreas
Published: December 2014

The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) from solution has been investigated for two ionic iron(II) complexes of the type [Fe(L)](BF4)2, where L is tripodal hexadentate and contains three thiocyanate anchor groups. The ligands (L1, L2; donor set: N6) are obtained by Schiff base condensation of a tripodal triamine (L1: tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, ‘tren’; L2: 1,1′,1″- trimethyl(thiophosphoryl)trihydrazide) with 5-(4-thiocyanatobutoxy) pyridine-2-carbaldehyde. Layers of the complexes adsorbed on Au(111) from methanol solution have been characterised using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), infrared reflectance absorbance (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and UV=Vis reflectance spectroscopies, as well as ellipsometry. Complex [Fe(L1)](BF4)2 deposits intact on a gold surface and retains its optical addressability. Elaboration of this result may provide access to a new class of self-assembled layers, employing salt-like tripodal coordination compounds with thiocyanate anchors. The second complex, [Fe(L2)](BF4)2, which contains a sulphur atom in the ligand backbone, is not sufficiently stable under the same conditions.
Convenient Synthesis and Molecular Structure of the Cyclometallated Complex [IrCl(H)(C6H4PPh2)(PPh3)2]
Authors: Böttcher Hans-Christian , Mayer Peter
Published: December 2014

The reaction of [{Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2}2] (coe=cis-cyclooctene) with triphenylphosphane (molar ratio of Ir to P=1 : 3) in dichloromethane at room temperature afforded after a short reaction time the cyclometallated complex [IrCl(H)(C6H4PPh2)(PPh3)2] (1) in almost quantitative yield. The molecular structure of the title compound 1 was determined by an X-ray diffraction study.
CsOH and its Lighter Homologues – a Comparison
Authors: Wörsching Matthias , Hoch Constantin
Published: December 2014

Cesium hydroxide, CsOH, was for the first time characterised on the basis of single-crystal data. The structure is isotypic to the one of the room-temperature modification of NaOH and can be derived from the NaCl structure type thus allowing the comparison of all alkali metal hydroxide structures. Raman spectroscopic investigations show the hydroxide anion to behave almost as a free ion as in the gas phase. The X-ray investigations indicate possible H atom positions.
Distibylation of Acetylenes with Ph2Sb–SbPh2: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Phosphorescence Properties of Bis(diphenylstibyl)ethenes
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Tsuchida Toshiyuki , Murakami Kazuya , Ooyama Yousuke , Nakanishi Takayuki , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kobayashi Norifumi , Higashimura Hideyuki
Published: December 2014

Treatment of tetraphenyldistibine (1) with terminal arylacetylenes, XC6H5C≡CH (2a-c, X=H, F, OMe), gave the corresponding anti-addition products (E)-aryl-1,2-bis(diphenylstibyl)ethenes 3a-c in 11 - 17% yields. A similar reaction of 1 with 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne provided (E)-1,4-diphenyl- 1,2-bis(diphenylstibyl)but-1-en-3-yne (3d) in 28% yield. X-Ray diffraction studies on crystals of 3a, 3b and 3d revealed a congested configuration around the ethylene core. The optical properties of the adducts 3a-d were examined by measuring UV absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Interestingly, 3d showed phosphorescence in the solid state, which was enhanced at low temperature.
Siloxide Complexes of Chromium(II), Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), and Chromium(III) Incorporating Potassium(I)
Authors: König Sonja N. , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Törnroos Karl W. , Anwander Reiner
Published: December 2014

Heteroleptic ate complexes of the type K[M{N(SiMe3)2}2{OSi(OtBu)3}] (M = Cr, Mn, Co) were synthesized by adding one equivalent of the potassium salt KOSi(OtBu)3 to the bis(trimethylsilyl)amide precursors [Cr{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)2], [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)] and [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)], respectively. Surprisingly, the reaction of CrCl3(thf)3 with only two equivalents of KOSi(OtBu)3 yielded the homoleptic ate complex K[Cr{OSi(OtBu)3}4]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and DRIFT spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallography.
Digold(I) Complexes Derived from 5,5′-Bibenzimidazolin-2-ylidene Ligands
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Schulte to Brinke Christian , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: December 2014

The 5,5′-bibenzimidazolium dibromide salts 2 and 3 have been prepared by fourfold N-alkylation of 5,5′-bibenzimidazole (2: R=Pr; 3: R=Bu). The diazolium salts were treated with silver oxide, and the in situ-formed silver complexes were subsequently reacted with [AuCl(SMe2)] to give the dinuclear gold complexes 4 and 5. The molecular structure of complex 5 has been determined by X-ray diffraction showing linearly coordinated gold(I) centers and, most likely due to steric crowding around the metal centers, no aurophilic interactions.
Design and Kinematic Analysis of a New End-Effector for a Robotic Needle Insertion-Type Intervention System
Authors: Moon Youngjin , Jae Choi Hyuk , Beom Seo Joon , Choi Jaesoon
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a new end-effector as a key component for a robotic needle insertion-type intervention system and its kinematic analysis. The mechanism is designed as a spherical mechanism with a revolute joint and a curved sliding joint, and its links always move on the surface of a sphere. The remote centre of motion (RCM) of the designed mechanism is placed below the base of the mechanism to avoid contact with the patient's body, unlike the conventional end-effectors developed for needle insertion. For the proposed mechanism, the forward kinematics are solved in terms of input joint parameters and then the reverse kinematics are solved by using the cross-product relationship between each joint vector and a vector mutually perpendicular to the vectors. The kinematic solutions are confirmed by numerical examples.
Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Magnesium Coatings
Authors: Gu Wentian , Lee Jung Tae , Nitta Naoki , Yushin Gleb
Published: December 2014

In this work, we report on the electroplating of ultrafine and uniform magnesium (Mg) films on copper (Cu) and carbon nanotube (CNT) paper substrates. By controlling the process parameters and utilizing the pulsed deposition method, the average grain size of Mg was reduced to nano-dimensions. Surface pretreatment of the substrates by depositing a seed layer was found to be an efficient strategy for reducing the energy barrier for nucleation, thus improving nucleation density and the uniformity of deposited coatings. This work provides important guidance for the fabrication of smooth nanostructured Mg films on different substrates for a wide variety of applications.