bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОБРАЗОВНИ СОФТВЕР НА ЧАСОВИМА (ФОНЕТИКЕ) СРПСКОГА ЈЕЗИКА – ПРАКТИЧНИ ПРИМЕР УПОТРЕБЕ ПРОГРАМА PREZI И HOTPOTATOES
Authors: Новаковић Aлександар М.
Published: November 2016

Нови век, по правилу, некако природно и с правом, поставља пред школу нове изазове. Последњих десетак година интезивно се ради на развијању и усавршавању дидактичких медија, наставних метода и облика рада, а све у функцији подизања ефикасности наставног процеса. Посебна пажња се посвећује коришћењу рачунара у настави српскога језика. Примена рачунара у области фонетике (и фонологије), као дела наставног подручја српског језика, међутим, некако се увек оставља по страни. Наиме, готово да не постоји рад који се бави употребом рачунара у овој области српскога језика. Стога, чланак даје практичну могућност употребе рачунарског софтвера (Prezi, HotPotatoes) у обради наставних јединица из фонетике и фонологије.
UTICAJ IGRE NA UČENJE VOKABULARA ENGLESKOG JEZIKA UČENIKA DRUGOG I TREĆEG RAZREDA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE
Authors: Alfirević Tamara M.
Published: November 2016

U ovom radu se razmatraju potreba i mogućnosti upotrebe igara u nastavi engleskog jezika u drugom i trećem razredu osnovne škole u našoj zemlji. Cilj rada je utvrditi u kojoj meri učenje reči kroz igru utiče na povećanje obima upamćenih pojmova i to putem istraživanja sprovedenog među učenicima osnovne škole. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno 66 učenika drugog i trećeg razreda, od kojih je u svakom od razreda jedno odeljenje bilo kontrolna, a drugo eksperimentalna grupa. Igra je prikazana kao jedna od mogućih tehnika savremene nastave kojom se povećava obim naučenog, aktivnost učenika na času i osećaj zadovoljstva u toku učenja stranog jezika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su učenici u čijoj se nastavi koristila igra za učenje vokabulara u znatoj meri unapredili svoj vokabular.
PRIKAZ UDŽBENIKA "GROUP PIANO COURSE"
Authors: Milovanović Milena M.
Published: November 2016

Grupna nastava klavira se u našoj zemlji tek u poslednjih nekoliko godina primenjuje u radu sa početnicima mlađeg školskog uzrasta, ali ne u državnim već u privatnim muzičkim školama. Ovakav vid nastave klavira datira iz XIX veka i danas se širom sveta uveliko primenjuje. S obzirom da je za zemlje u razvoju veoma važan razvoj udžbenika za napredak obrazovanja, proučavanje inostranih udžbenika grupne nastave klavira može doprineti pronalaženju smernica za nastanak udžbenika grupne nastave klavira u našem muzičkom školstvu u cilju razvoja grupne nastave klavira u Srbiji. U ovom radu će biti prikazan udžbenik Group piano course izdavačke kuće Alfred, čiji su udžbenici najkorišćeniji u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, a koriste se i širom sveta, pa i u našoj zemlji.
БОРИСАВ СТАНКОВИЋ И ИВО АНДРИЋ У СВЕТЛУ НОВОГ НАСТАВНОГ ПРОУЧАВАЊА
Authors: Давидовић Jована Н.
Published: November 2016

У фокусу рада је компаративно проучавање збирке приповедака Божји људи Борисава Станковића и приповедака Напаст и Смрт у Синановој текији Иве Андрића. Koмпаративна анализа проучава утицај митске слике света и традиционалне културе у овим делима. Рад се бави простором и временом као основним категоријама митске слике света. Трагови традиционалне културе проналазе се у бинарној опозицији црно–бело, али и у заштитној улози камена и његовој способности да за себе веже душе умрлих. Рад, такође, пореди Станковићеве божјаке и Андрићеве божје људе. На крају ’стоје’ жене на капији. Као такав, рад представља нов начин наставне обраде књижевног дела ова два писца.
ПРИМЕНА МЕТОДЕ МНЕМОТЕХНИКЕ У НАСТАВИ ФОНОЛОГИЈЕ
Authors: Јањић Марина С.
Published: November 2016

Рад се бави питањима наставне методологије при обради градива заснованог на фактима који морају бити упамћени. Потреба за меморисањем класификација гласова по различитим критеријумима (посебно подела сугласника по звучности, начину и месту стварања) не само да представљају проблем ученицима, већ делују регресивно приликом обраде важних јединица из области морфофонологије, у првом месту гласовних алтернација. У раду се полази од становишта да, упркос критикама које се упућују на рачун догматске и репродуктивне наставе, у тзв. старој школи постоје многе вредности које, употребљене на прави начин у духу наставног конструктивизма, могу бити веома ефикасно примењене и у савременој школи. Једна од таквих је и метода мнемотехнике, која представља најкреативнији начин репродуктивног учења. У раду се анализирају могућности њене примене у савременој настави фонологије уз креирање иновативне педагошке апликације.
Symplectic Entropy as a Novel Measure for Complex Systems
Authors: Lei Min , Meng Guang , Zhang Wenming , Wade Joshua , Sarkar Nilanjan
Published: November 2016

The real systems are often complex, nonlinear, and noisy in various areas including mathematics, natural science, and social science. We present the symplectic entropy (SymEn) measure as well as an analysis method based on SymEn to estimate the nonlinearity of the complex system by analyzing the given time series. The SymEn estimation is a kind of entropy based on symplectic principal component analysis (SPCA) which represent organized but unpredictable behaviors of systems. The key to SPCA is to preserve the global submanifold geometrical properties of the systems through symplectic transform in the phase space, which is a kind of the measure-preserving transforms. The capability of preserving the global geometrical characteristics makes the SymEn a test statistic to detect the nonlinear characteristics in several typical chaotic time series and the stochastic characteristic in the Gaussian white noise. The results are in agreement with findings in the approximate entropy (ApEn), the sample entropy (SampEn) and the fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn). Moreover, the SymEn method is also used to analyze the nonlinearities of the real signals (including the EEG signals for ASD and healthy subjects, and the sound and vibration signals for the mechanical systems). The results indicate that the SymEn estimation can be taken as a measure for describing the nonlinear characteristics in the data collected from the natural complex systems.
A Two-phase Model of Air Shock Wave Induced by Rock-fall in Closed Goaf
Authors: Ren Fengyu , Liu Yang , Cao Jianli , He Rongxing , Xu Yuan , You Xi , Zhou Yanjun
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a two-phase model of air shock wave induced by rock-fall in closed goaf was proposed. The model was made up of the uniform motion phase (velocity was close to 0 m•s-1) and the acceleration movement phase. The uniform motion phase was determined by experience and the acceleration movement phase was derived by the theoretical analysis. After this, a series of experiments were performed to verify the two-phase model and obtained the law of the uniform motion phase. By observing, the acceleration movement phase was taking a larger portion and the uniform motion phase was smaller when height of rock-fall was higher. By comparison, experimental results of different falling heights showed good agreements with theoretical analysis, which verifies the effectiveness of the two-phase model. Finally, the model was tested with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation by three groups of different falling height. The two-phase model could provide a reference and basis for estimating the air shock waves' velocity and design the protective measures.
Determination of Wheat Growth, Crop Coefficient (KC) and Water Stress Coefficient (Ks) under Different Salinity
Authors: Abedinpour Meysam
Published: November 2016

A field experiment was conducted for determination of crop coefficient (KC) and water stress coefficient (Ks) for wheat crop under different salinity levels, during 2015-16. Complete randomized block design of five treatments were considered, i.e., 0.51 dS/m (fresh water) as a control treatment and other four saline water treatments (4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m), for S1, S2, S3 and S4 with three replications. The results revealed that the water consumed by plants during the different crop growth stages follows the order of FW>S1>S2>S3>S4 salinity levels. According to the obtained results, the calculated values of crop coefficients significantly differed from those suggested by FAO No.56 for the crops. The Ks values clearly differ from one stage to another because the salt stress causes both osmotic stress, due to a decrease in the soil water potential, and ionic stress which the average values of water stress coefficient (Ks) follows this order; FW(1.0)=S1(1.0)>S2(1.0)>S3(0.93)>S4(0.82). Overall, it was found the differences are attributed primarily to specific cultivar, the changes in local climatic conditions and seasonal differences in crop growth patterns. Thus, further studies are essential to determine the crop coefficient values under different variables, to make the best management practice (BMP) in agriculture.
Aspalathin Protects the Heart against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Up-regulating Nrf2 Expression
Authors: Dludla Phiwayinkosi V. , Muller Christo J. F. , Joubert Elizabeth , Louw Johan , Essop M. Faadiel , Gabuza Kwazi B. , Ghoor Samira , Huisamen Barbara , Johnson Rabia
Published: November 2016

Aspalathin (ASP) can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced shifts in myocardial substrate preference, oxidative stress and apoptosis. While the protective mechanism of aspalathin remains unknown, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a key factor for intracellular responses against oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that aspalathin protects the myocardium against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage by up-regulating Nrf2 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and diabetic (db/db) mice. Using an oxidative stress RT2 Profiler PCR array, ASP at a dose of 1 µM was demonstrated to protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against HG-induced oxidative stress, but silencing of Nrf2 abolished this protective response of ASP and exacerbated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Db/db mice and their non-diabetic (db/+) littermate controls were subsequently treated daily for 6 weeks with either a low (13 mg/kg) or high (130 mg/kg) ASP dose. Compared to nondiabetic mice the db/db mice presented increased cardiac remodeling and enlarged left ventricular wall that occurred concomitant to enhanced oxidative stress. Daily treatment of mice with ASP at a dose of 130 mg/kg for 6 weeks was more effective at reversing complications than both a low dose ASP or metformin, eliciting enhanced expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes. These results indicate that ASP maintains cellular homeostasis and protects the myocardium against hyperglycemia-induced stress through activation of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes.
Transcription Profile Unveils the Cardioprotective Effect of Aspalathin against Lipid Toxicity
Authors: Johnson Rabia , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V. , Muller Christo J.F. , Huisamen Barbara , Essop M. Faadiel , Louw Johan
Published: November 2016

Aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone, has previously been shown to protect cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced shifts in substrate preference and subsequent apoptosis. However, the precise gene regulatory network remains to be elucidated. To unravel the mechanism and provide insight into this supposition, the direct effect of aspalathin in an isolated cell-based system, without the influence of any variables, was tested using an H9c2 cardiomyocytes model. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose (33 mM) for 48 hours before post-treatment with or without aspalathin. Thereafter, RNA was extracted and RT2 PCR Profiler Arrays were used to profile the expression of 336 genes. Results showed that, 57 genes were differentially regulated in the high glucose or high glucose and aspalathin treated groups. STRING analysis revealed lipid metabolism and molecular transport as the biological processes altered after high glucose treatment, followed by inflammation and apoptosis. Aspalathin was able to modulate key regulators associated with lipid metabolism (Adipoq, Apob, Cd36, Cpt1, Pparγ, Srebf1/2, Scd1 and Vldlr), insulin resistance (Igf1, Akt1, Pde3 and Map2k1), inflammation (Il3, Il6, Jak2, Lepr, Socs3, and Tnf13) and apoptosis (Bcl2 and Chuk). Collectively, our results propose that aspalathin could reverse metabolic abnormalities by activating Adipoq while modulating the expression of Pparγ and Srebf1/2, decreasing inflammation via Il6/Jak2 pathway, which together with an observed increased expression of Bcl2 prevents myocardium apoptosis.
Structural Equation Model into Interaction Mechanism between Forest Industry and Ecology with Environmental Mediator Introduced
Authors: Liao Bing , Zhang Zhiguang , Liu Chunxiang , Wu Yuanzheng
Published: November 2016

By introducing environmental mediator, for avoiding randomness in selecting indicators and subjectivity in deciding interaction path coefficients to reveal interaction mechanism among forest industry, ecology and environmental capacity, structural Pressure–State–Impact–Response (PSIR) and quantitative Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) are utilized with data on thirty–one provinces of China. We can find that: (i) forest industry has a negative influence on ecology, whereas ecology has a positive influence on industry; (ii) the destructive influence that industry has on ecology is much greater than the positive effect ecology has on industry; and (iii) environmental capacity plays a partial mediating role between industry and ecology. According to these results we can conclude that: (i) forest industry and ecology are not in a symbiotic relationship and have not reached a level of ecological security; (ii) the interaction between industry and ecology is in a period of transition from antagonistic to beneficial; and (iii) industry dominates ecology. However, we prospect the following advice: (i) methods of forest industry should be changed; (ii) new modes of industrial integration and circular economy should be developed; and (iii) the ability of the environment to sustain itself should be enhanced. The level of forest ecological security to discuss the symbiotic mechanism of industry and ecology will propose to be measured in future.
Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy
Authors: Lee Kyung-Yil
Published: November 2016

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by infectious insults, such as pneumonia from various pathogens or related to other noninfectious events. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics are similar across severely affected patients, suggesting that a common mode of immune reaction may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ARDS. There may be etiologic substances that have an affinity for respiratory cells and induce lung cell injury in cases of ARDS. These substances originate not only from pathogens, but also from injured host cells. At the molecular level, these substances have various sizes and biochemical characteristics, classifying them as protein substances and non-protein substances. Immune cells and immune proteins may recognize and act on these substances, including pathogenic proteins and peptides, depending upon the size and biochemical properties of the substances (this theory is known as the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis). The severity or chronicity of ARDS depends on the amount of etiologic substances with corresponding immune reactions, the duration of the appearance of specific immune cells, or the repertoire of specific immune cells that control the substances. Therefore, treatment with early systemic immune modulators (corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin) as soon as possible may reduce aberrant immune responses in the potential stage of ARDS.
Forest Protected Area Systems and Biodiversity Conservation in Bangladesh
Authors: Mukul Sharif Ahmed , Rashid A. Z. M. Manzoor , Khan Niaz Ahmed
Published: November 2016

Despite of being an exceptionally biodiversity rich country, the forest coverage of Bangladesh is declining at an alarming rate. Declaration and management of protected areas in this regard is one of the efforts from government side to tackle the loss of biodiversity. The limited numbers of forest-protected areas (FPA), established to conserve the dwindling forest biodiversity of the country with high pressure on them for timber, non-timber forest products, and fuelwood - makes their management challenging. Moreover, most of the FPAs of the country declared only in the recent decades with very limited infrastructure, manpower and policy support for monitoring and governance. Some people-centred approaches for the management of FPAs and alternative livelihood and income generation subsidies although made available through a few project interventions, their number are still inadequate and performance remains less than satisfactory. This chapter provides a critical review of the FPAs of Bangladesh looking at their role in biodiversity conservation, management challenges, and key lessons from previous management interventions with recommendations for the future. It has been revealed that the FPA system of Bangladesh still poorly represents the diverse forest ecosystems with relatively small forest size and lack of corridors for the movement of wildlife. There are ample opportunities to render co-management of FPAs an effective strategy to minimize the conflicts in FPAs management in the country. It is, however, important to ensure the access of local forest-dependent people to different alternative income generating options that may adequately support their livelihoods.
Tendências da fecundidade dos povos indígenas nos Censos Demográficos brasileiros de 1991 a 2010
Authors: Wong Laura L. Rodríguez
Published: November 2016

O artigo aborda a fecundidade das mulheres autodeclaradas indígenas com base nos censos brasileiros de 1991 a 2010. Inicialmente – como uma aproximação das limitações que a qualidade do dado pode impor às análises – observa-se um viés de autodeclaração para 2000 mais acentuado na população urbana, o que compromete as comparações com 2010, mas não invalida o prosseguimento das análises sobre fecundidade. Constata-se que, efetivamente, a fecundidade dos povos indígenas está diminuindo inclusive entre a população rural, isto é, aquela que reside em Terras Indígenas. A fecundidade indígena urbana é altamente diferenciada da rural e as suspeitas de o viés estar contaminando as medidas produzidas evidenciam a necessidade de um investimento maior no estudo desta população: quem são os indígenas urbanos? Estimativas por ordem de parturição e filhos tidos sinalizam acentuadas quedas de fecundidade para o futuro próximo. A fecundidade das mulheres indígenas jovens – sem muitas diferenciações segundo residência urbana ou rural – continua em níveis muito altos se comparados com os de populações contemporâneas. Esta análise clama por estudos multidisciplinares para o melhor entendimento do processo reprodutivo dos povos indígenas brasileiros.
Distant Views and Local Realities: The Limits of Global Assessments to Restore the Fragmented Phosphorus Cycle
Authors: Sharpley Andrew , Kleinman Peter , Jarvie Helen , Flaten Don
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Meta‐analysis of “big data” can identify P disconnects in P cycles, stocks and flows.

Understanding of farming realities is needed to identify root causes of change.

Access to “big data” without grounding in reality can lead to misleading conclusions.

Researchers must ensure production and conservation tactics consider farming realities.

With more sophisticated data compilation and analytical capabilities, the evolution of “big data” analysis has occurred rapidly. We examine the meta‐analysis of “big data” representing phosphorus (P) flows and stocks in global agriculture and address the need to consider local nuances of farm operations to avoid erroneous or misleading recommendations. Of concern is the disconnect between macro‐needs for better P resource management at regional and national scales versus local realities of P management at farm scales. Both agricultural and environmental researchers should focus on providing solutions to disconnects identified by meta‐analyses and ensure that production and conservation strategies consider farming realities.
Evaluation of a Rising Plate Meter for Use in Multispecies Swards
Authors: Dillard S. Leanne , Hafla Aimee N. , Rubano Melissa D. , Stout Robert C. , Brito André F. , Soder Kathy J.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

The accuracy of rising plate meter in multispecies swards has not been tested thoroughly.

Forcing X intercept to zero increases the precision of the calibration equations.

Higher‐order polynomial regressions do not result in more accurate forage estimates.

The rising plate meter (RPM) provides rapid estimates of herbage mass (HM). Accurate calibration of the RPM is difficult due to variability in forage management, growth, and species composition. The RPM is typically calibrated by linear regression of HM and RPM height; however, the r2 is usually low. Curvilinear regression, with the X intercept set to zero, could provide a more robust calibration equation and decrease variability in RPM estimates. Three Pennsylvania organic dairy farms grazing lactating dairy cattle on multispecies pastures were used to determine measured HM and estimated HM using a RPM. Removal of the X intercept increased the adjusted r2 of all equations between 42.8 and 89.0%. Use of quadratic and cubic regression only resulted in 0.01 to 0.02 increase in adjusted r2. Linear regression remains the simplest and preferred method of calibration; however, error can be reduced by setting calibration equations so that zero RPM height is associated with zero HM.
Assessing Symmetry by Comparing the Acquisition of Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Conditional Relations in a Capuchin Monkey
Authors: Soares Filho Paulo S. D. , Silva Álvaro J. M. , Velasco Saulo M , Barros Romariz S , Tomanari Gerson Yukio
Published: November 2016

The present study presents a procedure to assess the property of symmetry by comparing the acquisition of conditional relations that are consistent and inconsistent with this property in a capuchin monkey (Sapajus spp.). One young male monkey underwent arbitrary matching-to-sample training. The experiment had four phases: Phase 1.1 (establishing A1B1 and A2B2 relations), Phase 1.2 (reinforcing B1A1 and B2A2 relations, consistent with the property of symmetry), Phase 2.1 (establishing A3B3 and A4B4 relations), and Phase 2.2 (reinforcing B3A4 and B4A3 relations, inconsistent with the property of symmetry). A comparison between Phase 1.2 (consistent) and Phase 2.2 (inconsistent) showed faster acquisition of consistent relations (B1A1 and B2A2) than inconsistent relations (B3A4 and B4A3). The results suggest that the established conditional discriminations may have the property of symmetry and confirm the potential of comparative analysis between the acquisition of conditional discriminations as a promising procedure to evaluate equivalence class formation in nonhuman subjects.
Dissociation of Procedural and Working Memory in Pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Herbranson Walter T.
Published: November 2016

A new method was developed to concurrently investigate procedural memory and working memory in pigeons.  Pigeons performed a sequence of keypecks across 3 response keys in a serial response task, with periodic choice probes for the location of a recently produced response.  Procedural memory was operationally defined as decreasing response times to predictable cues in the sequence.  Working memory was reflected by accurate responses to the choice probes.  Changing the sequence of required keypecks to a random sequence interfered with procedural memory in the form of slowed response times, but did not prevent pigeons from effectively using working memory to remember specific cue locations.  Conversely, changing exposure duration of to a cue location influenced working memory but had no effect on procedural memory.  Double dissociations such as this have supported the multiple systems approach to the study of memory in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, and they encourage a similar approach in comparative psychology.
An overview of mice models: a key for understanding subtypes of mania
Authors: Cuartas Arias Jorge Mauricio , Díaz  Zuluaga Ana María , López Jaramilo Carlos
Published: November 2016

Animal models have been broadly used in the study of pathophysiology and molecular and neurochemical pathways in neuropsychiatric diseases. Different approaches have used both consanguineous and non-consanguineous mice models to model behavioral patterns associated with the maniac spectrum. However, the disadvantages of validating clinical and experimental protocols have hindered the replication of these studies. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of using consanguineous lines and non-consanguineous stocks in mice animal models for the study of mania and its subtypes are discussed. Additionally, new experimental alternatives to advance the pathogenesis and pharmacogenetics of mania using animal models are proposed and analyzed
Special issue of comparative psychology
Authors: Call Josep
Published: November 2016

Editorial
Build up a database to determine the management of drinking water in the Province of Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Córdoba Silvia M. Soto , Pino Gómez Macario , Gaviria Montoya Lilliana
Published: November 2016

In Costa Rica, the majority of people have drinking water in their homes, but because of climate change along with the increase of population and non-existent planning programs, the distribution of this resource could be affected. To ensure sustainability of drinking water, information on demand and supply is required. Unfortunately, the information is outdated and there is no single unified database to which all management related institutions have access. Costa Rica has many public institutions that perform quality control, monitor and provide licenses for water exploitation. Each institution organizes its information according to their own criteria, therefore, making it impossible to compare the data, and difficult to identify the main problems. The authors verified and compared every database available, aiming to consolidate one database to determinate management of water distribution in Cartago. The main results of this research identified distribution of water suppliers throughout the province, the results were: Aqueduct Administration Associations (27.1%), Municipal Aqueducts (60.2%) and National Costa Rica Aqueducts and Sewerage Institute (AyA) Aqueducts (14.1%). One hundred per cent of Municipal and AyA Aqueducts disinfect and provide potable water, but 25% of Aqueduct Administration Rural Associations do not disinfect the water and there is not enough information about the quality of water that they offer.
Climate change and water resources management of Oran region
Authors: Bouklia-Hassane Rachid , Yebdri Djilali , Tidjani Abdellatif El-Bari
Published: November 2016

Our work aims to contribute to the literature on the prospective study of the water balance in the Oran region, a major southern Mediterranean metropolis, by considering the socioeconomic dimension of this region and the dynamic of its climate change through 2011–2030. These two dimensions are important for the analysis of future changes in water stress in the region because they affect both the demand and the supply of the water resources. Unlike other studies, our methodological approach is based on an explicit modeling of the socioeconomic evolution in the region as well as of the dynamic of climate change. For this, we used a time-series modeling framework to predict the effects of change in climate. In addition to the assessment of the effects of the socioeconomic and climate changes on the water balance of the region. Our results, based on simulations using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software, show that the current decoupling between the drinking sector from that of irrigation in the Oran region is not sustainable. Climate change will exacerbate this vulnerability. Only by integrating these two sectors, through a reuse of wastewater, can we consider the irrigation issue from a perspective of long-term sustainability in the region.
Sensitivity analysis for the total nitrogen pollution of the Danjiangkou Reservoir based on a 3-D water quality model
Authors: Chen Libin , Yang Zhifeng , Liu Haifei
Published: November 2016

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors: if you would like more information on this please contact the corresponding author.
A Novel Positioning Algorithm Based on Self-adaptive Algorithm of RBF Network
Authors: Ren Jin , Chen Jingxing , Feng Liang
Published: November 2016

Much attention has been paid to Taylor series expansion (TSE) method these years, which has been extensively used for solving nonlinear equations for its good robustness and accuracy of positioning. A Taylor-series expansion location algorithm based on the RBF neural network (RBF-TSE) is proposed before to the performance of TSE highly depends on the initial estimation. In order to have more accurate and lower cost,a new Taylor-series expansion location algorithm based on Self-adaptive RBF neural network (SA-RBF-TSE) is proposed to estimate the initial value. The proposed algorithm is analysed and simulated with several other algorithms in this paper.
Long-term Stability of Soft Tissue Esthetic Outcomes Following Conventional Single Implant Treatment in the Anterior Maxilla: 10-12 Year Results
Authors: Rokn A , Bassir SH , Rasouli Ghahroudi AA , Kharazifard MJ , Manesheof R
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term stability of esthetic outcomes of soft tissue around maxillary anterior single-tooth implants after 10-to-12 years of loading.

Methods:

Patients who had been treated for single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla between February 2000 and July 2002 were invited to participate in the study. All implants had been placed according to delayed implant placement and conventional loading protocols without any connective tissue graft or papilla preservation flaps. Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was rated using standardized clinical photographs to assess the esthetic outcomes of the implant treatment at the time of crown placement and at time of follow-up examination which was at least 10 years after the crown placement.

Results:

A total of 19 patients were included. The mean score of PES was 11.63 (SD 1.61; range 7-14) at baseline. After 10-to-12 years of function, a mean PES score of 11.05 (SD 2.09; range 6–14) was recorded. No significant differences were found in the esthetic outcomes, categorized based on clinically relevant levels, between the baseline and follow-up session (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

Within limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that the esthetic outcomes of soft tissue around the maxillary anterior single-tooth implants placed using conventional implant placement technique remained stable in the long-term.
Diagnosis of Lingual Atrophic Conditions: Associations with Local and Systemic Factors. A Descriptive Review
Authors: Erriu M. , Pili F.M.G. , Cadoni S. , Garau V.
Published: November 2016

Atrophic glossitis is a condition characterised by absence of filiform or fungiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Consequently, the ordinary texture and appearance of the dorsal tongue, determined by papillary protrusion, turns into a soft and smooth aspect.

Throughout the years, many factors, both local and systemic, have been associated with atrophic glossitis as the tongue is currently considered to be a mirror of general health. Moreover, various tongue conditions were wrongly diagnosed as atrophic glossitis. Oral involvement can conceal underlying systemic conditions and, in this perspective, the role of clinicians is fundamental.

Early recognition of oral signs and symptoms, through a careful examination of oral anatomical structures, plays a crucial role in providing patients with a better prognosis.
Application of Laser Irradiation for Restorative Treatments
Authors: Davoudi Amin , Sanei Maryam , Badrian Hamid
Published: November 2016

Nowadays, lasers are widely used in many fields of medicine. Also, they can be applied at many branches of dental practice such as diagnosis, preventive procedures, restorative treatments, and endodontic therapies. Procedures like caries removal, re-mineralization, and vital pulp therapy are the most noticeable effects of laser irradiation which has gained much attention among clinicians. With controlled and appropriate wavelength, they can help stimulating dentinogenesis, controlling pulpal hemorrhage, sterilization, healing of collagenic proteins, formation of a fibrous matrix, and inducing hard tissue barrier. Nevertheless, there are many controversies in literatures regarding their effects on the quality of bonded restorations. It hampered a wide application of lasers in some aspects of restorative dentistry and requirements to identify the best way to use this technology. The aim of this mini review is to explain special characteristics of laser therapy and to introduce the possible applications of laser devices for dental purposes.
Brood Parasitism Defense Behaviors Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the American Robin (Turdus Migratorius)
Authors: Carmody Lisa C. , Cruz Alexander , Chace Jameson F.
Published: November 2016

Some host species accept eggs from brood parasites over parts of their range and reject them in other areas representing an “evolutionary lag” in the development of rejection behavior or the loss of an adapative behavior when the selection pressure of brood parasitism is removed. Hosts may deter brood parasitism through egg rejection and aggressive nest defense behavior specifically targetting female brood parasites during the egg incubation period. In areas where parasitism frequencies are spatially and temporally variable, anti-parasite behaviors may decline as costs outweigh the benefits. Along the Colorado Front Range, American robins (Turdus migratorius) breed from low elevations where the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is abundant to near timberline (3700 m) where cowbirds are uncommon. We tested the hypothesis that egg rejection and nest defense behaviors decline with reduced probability of parasitism. We found that robins accepted 100% of immaculate (robin-like) experimental eggs at both low and high elevations, but were more likely to reject spotted (cowbird-like) experimental eggs at low elevations than high elevations. Response to egg size was more variable than to egg color. When presented with a mount of a cowbird and Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) near the nest, robins responded more aggressively to cowbird models than to sparrows (control), and nest defense behavior towards cowbirds was longer and more aggressive at the lower elevation sites where cowbirds are common. These results suggest that egg rejection and nest-site aggression are costly adaptations to cowbird parasitism, and these behaviors decline when the threat of parasitism is reduced.
Оптическая спектроскопия резонансной брэгговской структуры с квантовыми ямами InGaN/GaN
Authors: Большаков А.С. , Чалдышев В.В. , Заварин Е.Е. , Сахаров А.В. , Лундин В.В. , Цацульников А.Ф.
Published: November 2016

Исследованы спектры оптического отражения и пропускания при комнатной температуре периодической полупроводниковой гетероструктуры с 60 квантовыми ямами InGaN/GaN. Период структуры подбирался так, чтобы при определенных углах падения света обеспечить совпадение энергии фотона, испытывающего резонансное брэгговское отражение, с энергией возбуждения экситонов в квантовых ямах. Подгонка спектров, измеренных при углах падения света 30 и 60o, с учетом как резонансных экситонных переходов, так и переходов в непрерывный спектр состояний квантовой ямы позволила определить параметры экситонов в квантовых ямах. Получено значение параметра радиационного затухания (0.20±0.02) мэВ.
Формирование контактов MnGa/GaAs для применений в оптоэлектронике и спинтронике
Authors: Дорохин М.В. , Павлов Д.А. , Бобров А.И. , Данилов Ю.А. , Лесников В.П. , Звонков Б.Н. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Кудрин А.В. , Демина П.Б. , Усов Ю.В. , Николичев Д.Е. , Крюков Р.Н. , Зубков С.Ю.
Published: November 2016

Исследованы кристаллическая структура, состав, магнитные и электротранспортные свойств слоев MnxGay, осажденных на поверхность GaAs методами импульсного лазерного осаждения в потоке водорода, импульсного лазерного осаждения в вакууме и электронно-лучевого испарения в высоком вакууме. Показано, что особенности каждого из методов оказывают влияние на состав и кристаллическую структуру формируемых слоев, на степень резкости и кристаллического совершенства гетерограницы. Состав и кристаллическая структура, предположительно, обусловливают модификацию ферромагнитных свойств. Дефекты гетерограницы оказывают влияние на свойства диодной структуры MnxGay/GaAs, в частности на высоту потенциального барьера диода Шоттки.
Ангармонические блоховские осцилляции электронов в электрически смещенных сверхрешетках
Authors: Иванов К.А. , Гиршова Е.И. , Калитеевский М.А. , Clark S.J. , Gallant A.J.
Published: November 2016

Рассмотрено явление ангармонических блоховских осцилляций, т. е. имеющих частоту, кратную блоховской. При помощи расчетов из первых принципов найдена зонная структура политипов карбида кремния, где наблюдались такие осцилляции. Для этих политипов построен одномерный модельный потенциал, позволяющий рассчитывать штарковские волновые функции в смещенной сверхрешетке. С использованием метода матриц переноса найдены энергетические уровни (так называемая штарковская лестница) и вычислены волновые функции электрона. Показано, что возможны излучательные переходы как между соседними штарковскими уровнями, на блоховской частоте, так и прыжки через несколько уровней, сопровождающиеся излучением на частотах, кратных блоховской. Рассчитанные вероятности эмиссии между уровнями штарковской лестницы растут вместе с ростом приложенного поля.
Анизотропия магнитоемкости структур на основе пленок PbSnTe : In/BaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Климов А.Э. , Эпов В.С.
Published: November 2016

При T=4.2 K экспериментально исследованы угловые зависимости емкости структур на основе пленок PbSnTe в магнитном поле B≤4 Тл при различном напряжении смещения, имеющие выраженный анизотропный характер по направлению магнитного поля с модуляцией емкости примерно в 1.5-2 раза. Проведено сравнение полученных данных с экспериментальными анизотропными угловыми зависимостями тока, ограниченного пространственным зарядом, с модуляцией величины тока до 102-104 раз и более. Рассмотрена качественная модель полученных результатов.
Эпитаксиальные слои GaN на подложках лангасита, полученные методом МПЭ с плазменной активацией азота
Authors: Лобанов Д.Н. , Новиков А.В. , Юнин П.А. , Скороходов Е.В. , Шалеев М.В. , Дроздов М.Н. , Хрыкин О.И. , Бузанов О.А. , Аленков В.В. , Фоломин П.И. , Гриценко А.Б.
Published: November 2016

Представлены результаты отработки технологии эпитаксиального роста GaN на подложках из монокристаллического лангасита La3Ga5SiO14 (0001) методом МПЭ ПА. Выполнены исследования влияния температуры осаждаемого на начальном этапе низкотемпературного слоя GaN на кристаллическое качество и морфологию всего слоя нитрида галлия. Продемонстрировано, что оптимальная температура осаждения начального (зародышевого) слоя GaN при его росте на подложках из лангасита составляет ~520oC. Понижение температуры роста до этого значения позволяет подавить диффузию кислорода из лангасита в растущий слой и уменьшить плотность прорастающих дислокаций в основном слое GaN при его последующем более высокотемпературном осаждении (~700oC). Дальнейшее понижение температуры роста зародышевого слоя приводит к резкой деградации кристаллического качества GaN/LGS слоев. В результате проведенных исследований были получены эпитаксиальные слои GaN/LGS с плотностью прорастающих дислокаций ~1011 см-2 и низкой (<2 нм) шероховатостью поверхности.
Моделирование транспорта электронов в малопериодных GaAs/AlAs сверхрешетках для терагерцового диапазона частот
Authors: Павельев Д.Г. , Васильев А.П. , Козлов В.А. , Кошуринов Ю.И. , Оболенская Е.С. , Оболенский С.В. , Устинов В.М.
Published: November 2016

Методом Монте--Карло рассчитан транспорт электронов в сверхрешетках на основе гетероструктур GaAs/AlAs с небольшим числом периодов (6 периодов). Эти сверхрешетки используются в диодах, работающих в качестве гармонических смесителей для стабилизации частоты квантовых каскадных лазеров до 5 ТГц. Рассмотрена зонная структура сверхрешеток с различным количеством монослоев AlAs и проведен расчет вольт-амперных характеристик. Проведено сравнение рассчитанных вольт-амперных характеристик сверхрешеток с экспериментом. Теоретически и экспериментально установлена возможность эффективного применения таких сверхрешеток в терагерцовом диапазоне частот.
Исследование устойчивости метастабильных эпитаксиальных слоев GeSn к термическим воздействиям
Authors: Мартовицкий В.П. , Садофьев Ю.Г. , Клековкин А.В. , Сарайкин В.В. , Васильевский И.С.
Published: November 2016

На виртуальной подложке (001) Si/Ge была выращена структура, состоящая из пяти упругонапряженных метастабильных слоев GeSn толщиной 200 нм каждый, разделенных прослойками из германия толщиной 20 нм. Мольная доля олова в слоях GeSn имела следующие значения: 0.005, 0.034, 0.047, 0.072 и 0.10. После роста структура подвергалась термическому отжигу в течение 2 мин при температуре 400oC. Показано, что в процессе отжига наряду с пластической релаксацией происходит фазовый распад сплава GeSn, который начинается еще до завершения процесса пластической релаксации. Структурная деградация слоев GeSn возрастала с ростом концентрации олова, которая накапливалась на поверхности структуры в виде аморфного слоя.
Экспериментальное исследование роли триплетного спаривания в эффекте сверхпроводящего спинового клапана
Authors: Лексин П.В. , Камашев А.А. , Гарифьянов Н.Н. , Валидов А.А. , Фоминов Я.В. , Schumann J. , Катаев В.Е. , Buchner B. , Гарифуллин И.А.
Published: November 2016

Установлена важная роль морфологии сверхпроводящего слоя в работе сверхпроводящего спинового клапана. Для образцов CoOx/Py1/Cu/Py2/Сu/Pb (где Py=Ni0.81Fe0.19) с гладким сверхпроводящим слоем экспериментально изучено триплетное спаривание, индуцированное эффектом близости сверхпроводник/ферромагнетик. Оптимизация параметров этой структуры позволила продемонстрировать полное переключение между нормальным и сверхпроводящим состояниями при изменении взаимной ориентации намагниченностей ферромагнитных слоев от антипараллельной к ортогональной. Для образца с толщиной пермаллоя, при которой величина эффекта спинового клапана обращается в нуль, наблюдался "чистый" триплетный вклад. Впервые проведено прямое сравнение экспериментальных данных с теоретическим расчетом температуры перехода в сверхпроводящее состояние. Работа частично поддерживалась грантами DFG (грант LE 3270/1-1), РФФИ (грант 14-02-00350-а), Программами РАН, Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации и программой "5top100".
Изучение эволюции атомного состава тонких пленок NbN в процессе облучения смешанными ионными пучками методами спектроскопии энергетических потерь электронов
Authors: Дементьева М.М. , Приходько К.Е. , Гурович Б.А. , Кутузов Л.В. , Комаров Д.А.
Published: November 2016

Экспериментально методами спектроскопии энергетических потерь электронов в просвечивающем электронном микроскопе в режиме трансмиссионного сканирования на образцах поперечных срезов исследовано изменение атомного состава ультратонких пленок NbN в ходе их облучения смешанными ионными пучками до дозы 4 dpa (по азоту). Установлено протекание процесса замещения атомов азота атомами кислорода, характеризующееся изменением состава проводящей части пленки с NbN на NbNO. Работа поддержана Министерством образования и науки РФ (соглашение о предоставлении субсидии N 14.607.21.0005, уникальный индентификатор RFMEFI60714X0005).
Разработка топологий тонкопленочных СКВИД-датчиков для сверхчувствительных измерений магнитных полей
Authors: Костюрина Е.А. , Калашников К.В. , Филиппенко Л.В. , Кошелец В.П.
Published: November 2016

Разработана и оптимизирована топология тонкопленочных СКВИД-датчиков на базе туннельных переходов Nb/AlOx/Nb для создания на их основе систем неразрушающего контроля материалов и других диагностических систем, обладающих чувствительностью по магнитному полю <10 fT/Hz1/2. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект N 15-19-00206).
Управляемый магнитными полями четырех наночастиц пиннинг доменной стенки в ферромагнитной нанопроволоке
Authors: Ермолаева О.Л. , Скороходов Е.В. , Миронов В.Л.
Published: November 2016

Представлены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований пиннинга доменной стенки в планарной ферромагнитной системе, представляющей собой нанопроволоку и четыре прямоугольные однородно намагниченные наночастицы, расположенные под углом к ней. На основании расчетов энергии взаимодействия доменной стенки с полями рассеяния наночастиц и микромагнитного моделирования продемонстрировано, что в такой системе реализуются различные варианты пиннинга доменной стенки, определяющиеся взаимной ориентацией магнитных моментов наночастиц и намагниченности нанопроволоки. Обсуждается возможность создания на основе рассмотренных структур магнитных логических ячеек. Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (гранты N 15-02-04462 и 15-42-02388р\_поволжье\_а).
Рентгеновские исследования формирования доменов в горных породах под взрывным воздействием
Authors: Шарков М.Д. , Бойко М.Е. , Бойко А.М. , Боровиков В.А. , Григорьев М.Н. , Конников С.Г.
Published: November 2016

На пластинах кварца, помещенных в бетон, смоделирована процедура взрывной отбойки горных пород. Методом малоуглового рассеяния рентгеновских лучей исследованы образцы-фрагменты кварца, образовавшиеся в результате отбойки. Получены приблизительные размеры зерен от 200 до 220 nm во фрагментах кварца. Показано, что в образцах присутствуют низкоразмерные (линейчатые) составляющие и что по мере отдаления образца от центра взрыва зерна в нем укрупняются. Оценены параметры сверхрешетки в изученных фрагментах. Сформулирована гипотеза о том, что доменные границы в образцах-фрагментах кварца представляют собой линейчатые объекты --- дислокационные стенки.
Керамический нанокомпозит с повышенной твердостью на основе корунда, модифицированного углеродом
Authors: Пономарев О.В. , Попов М.Ю. , Тюкалова Е.В. , Бланк В.Д.
Published: November 2016

Приводятся результаты исследования влияния модификации границ зерен наноструктурированного корунда углеродными нанокластерами на твердость нанокомпозита. Обнаружен эффект увеличения твердости нанокомпозита до 28 ГРа, что существенно превышает твердость монокристаллического корунда в любой из кристаллографических плоскостей (23 ГРа). Наличие углерода по границам зерен в полученном нанокомпозите обусловлено тем, что он спекался из кластеров, состоящих из нанозерен корунда, покрытых единичными слоями C60. Исследование структуры образцов проводилось методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и комбинационного рассеяния света, а измерение твердости --- с помощью индентирования и склерометрии.
Воздействие внешних условий на электронные свойства однослойных углеродных нанотрубок
Authors: Шандаков С.Д. , Ломакин M.B. , Насибулин А.Г.
Published: November 2016

Представлены спектры оптического поглощения пленок однослойных углеродных нанотрубок (ОУНТ) после их годового хранения на воздухе и при их нагревании до 250oС. Результаты исследований показывают, что длительное хранение ОУНТ при окружающей атмосфере приводит к значительному уменьшению интенсивности оптического поглощения, обусловленного электронным возбуждением, которая восстанавливается при нагревании пленки. Обсуждается механизм изменения электронных свойств ОУНТ при воздействии окружающей среды.
Визуализация 1.908 mum излучения Tm : YLF-лазера керамикой на основе PbF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, легированной ионами Ho-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Савикин А.П. , Егоров А.С. , Будруев А.В. , Перунин И.Ю. , Гришин И.А.
Published: November 2016

Исследована визуализация инфракрасного излучения Tm : YLF-лазера на длине волны 1908 nm в образцах керамики PbF2. В спектрах люминесценции образцов PbF2, легированных Но3+, наблюдались полосы в областях длин волн 490, 545 и 650 nm, с максимальной интенсивностью красной полосы (650 nm). Установлено, что при малой интенсивности лазерного излучения уровни 5I5 и 5I6 заселяются в основном за счет межионного переноса энергии.