bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Women’s Concept of Childbirth Based on Network Text Analysis—A Topic of “What does childbirth mean to a woman” on Douban" (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Ting , Wu Yihan , Han Nuo , Liu Tianli
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the fertility issue in China has received more and more widespread attention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to detect attitudes toward giving birth to a baby among young users on Douban - a very popular Chinese social media platform.

METHODS

3,403 messages under the topic of “What does childbirth mean to a woman” on Douban were crawled for analysis. We employed both qualitative and quantitative descriptive analyses methods to understand user’s concept of childbirth.

RESULTS

Findings show that majority of the users expressed generally neutral (40.24%) or negative (39.90%) attitudes toward childbirth, only around one fifth of the users expressed positive (19.86%) attitudes. In the sampled messages, ‘pain’ (1520 times), ‘difficult’ (843 times), ‘suffering’ (832 times), ‘cry’ (648 times), ‘fear’ (595 times), and ‘tired’ (297 times) are the top six frequently used words to express negative experiences; while ‘joy’ (464 times), ‘happiness’ (359 times), ‘laugh’ (328 times), ‘cheerful’ (198 times), ‘cute’ (164times) and ‘thankful’ (157 times) are the six most frequently used words to express positive emotions. Messages with negative attitudes received more follows and likes, and the proportion of posts expressing negative attitudes increased with time in fluctuation. Childbirth cost is the most frequently mentioned health risk (12.87%), while subjective happiness or meet of mental needs are expressed as the major childbirth benefits. Only 10 comments (0.4%) talked about the traditional objective benefits of bringing up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age. Qualitative analysis suggested that discussions about fertility on social media may lead to exaggeration of women's perception of health risks, and many women lack knowledge about childbirth that to some extent due to traditional cultural bias that communications about these knowledges had long been neglected and avoided among individuals. In addition, people take for granted to consider that women should sacrifice themselves for childbirth and childcare because of the deification of female figure. Hence women may hesitate to have a baby due to the possibility of losing their subjectivity.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings showed that modern Chinese women's concept of childbirth had changed with time because of their rising social status and the needs of self-realization. Strategies including public education of health risks of pregnancy and delivery, protecting women’s rights and providing a supportive environment for mothers may increase women’s childbirth willingness.

CLINICALTRIAL

The study’s ethics code is H15009, and it was approved by the IRB at the Institute of Psychology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
A Digital Box and Block Test for Hand Dexterity Measurement: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Prochaska Eveline , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The Box and Block Test (BBT) measures unilateral gross manual dexterity and is widely used in clinical settings with a wide range of populations, including older people and clients with neurological disorders.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we present a newly developed digitized version of the BBT, called the digital BBT (dBBT). The physical design is similar to the original BBT, but the dBBT contains digital electronics that automate the test procedure, timing, and score measurement. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the dBBT.

METHODS

We performed measurements at 2 time points for 29 healthy participants. BBT and dBBT were used at the first measurement time point, and dBBT was used again at the second measurement time point. Concurrent validity was assessed using the correlation between BBT and dBBT, the paired t test, and the Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability were examined using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) by repeated measures with the dBBT within an interval of 10 days.

RESULTS

Our results showed moderate concurrent validity (r=0.48, P=.008), moderate test-retest reliability (ICC 0.72, P<.001), a standard error of measurement of 3.1 blocks, and the smallest detectable change at a 95% CI of 8.5 blocks. Interrater reliability was moderate with an ICC of 0.67 (P=.02). The Bland-Altman analysis showed sufficient accuracy of the dBBT in comparison with the conventional BBT.

CONCLUSIONS

The dBBT can contribute to objectifying the measurement of gross hand dexterity without losing its important characteristics and is simple to implement.
Evaluierung des LBG OIS Centers und des LGB Career Centers
Authors:   WPZ Research GmbH, Régent Verena , Ecker Brigitte , Sardadvar Sascha , Wagner Valentin , Grund Martin , van Scherpenberg Cornelia ,   Institut für  Innovation und Technik in der VDI/VDE Innovation +Technik GmbH
Published: July 2023

Die vorliegende Studie wurde von der Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft (LBG) und dem Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung (BMBWF) beauftragt und im Zeitraum zwischen 1. September 2022 und 31. März 2023 durchgeführt. Ziel der Studie ist es, das Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Center und das Career Center (CC) der LBG zu evaluieren und mögliche Szenarien für ihre Weiterentwicklung aufzuzeigen. Der empirische Teil der Evaluierungsstudie fußt auf einem Mixed Methods-Forschungsdesign, bestehend aus qualitativen und quantitativen Erhebungs- und Auswertungsinstrumenten, welche u.a. eine standardisierte Online-Befragung, insgesamt 111 leitfadengestützte qualitative Interviews, eine komparative und eine kontrafaktische Analyse sowie die Reflexion mit einem eigens für jedes Center eingerichteten Sounding Board beinhalten.
[Vai que] e a condicionalidade: uma análise baseada no uso
Authors: Ely Leyla , Cezario Maria Maura
Published: July 2023

Este artigo trata da análise dos usos da construção [vai que] no português contemporâneo com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística (Funcional) Centrada no Uso, que concebe a gramática como uma rede de construções linguísticas e analisa os objetivos comunicativos dos usuários da língua e o contexto de interação. A partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, analisamos dados instanciados pela construção [vai que] do Corpus do Português, aba Web-dialetos. A análise dos dados revela que há usos mais fixos, com papéis ligados à conexão de orações e com valor mais próximo ao domínio da condicionalidade; e usos mais livres, com valor de marcadores epistêmicos. A pesquisa também mostra que usos mais lexicalizados surgem a partir da frequência de certos usos, como “Vai que cola”, “Vai que rola” e “Vai que dá”.
A organização textual da macroestrutura do sermão temático: um estudo funcionalista das relações retóricas
Authors: Nery Nascimento Simone Maria Barbosa
Published: July 2023

O sermão bíblico, gênero pertencente à esfera religiosa, existe há milhares de anos, no entanto, é ainda um gênero de grande difusão e que merece ser investigado. Com o objetivo de analisar a sua organização estrutural, o presente trabalho adotou a Teoria da Estrutura Retórica (Rhetorical Structure Theory - RST) e a Perspectiva Textual-Interativa (PTI) como embasamento teórico. Como unidade de análise, adotou-se o tópico discursivo. O corpus do trabalho é constituído de um sermão temático. A análise demonstrou que existe uma organização macroestrutural ordenada conforme os princípios da retórica (basicamente: introdução, desenvolvimento e conclusão). Foram identificadas nesse nível as seguintes relações: fundo, parentética, evidência, elaboração, lista ou sequência, e conclusão. Dessa maneira, verificou-se que as  relações retóricas não são essenciais apenas para a compreensão da organização microestrutural do texto, mas também se manifestam a favor da caracterização do gênero textual. Portanto, acredita-se que a articulação teórica proposta possa contribuir no tratamento também de outros gêneros que requerem um planejamento prévio e que tenham um caráter persuasivo.
Estratégias de indeterminação de sujeito nas línguas bantu: o caso da língua ronga
Authors: Dimande Ernesto Mário
Published: July 2023

No presente artigo discutimos as estratégias de indeterminação de sujeito na língua ronga, uma língua bantu integrada no grupo Tswa-Ronga (S50), falada na Província e Cidade de Maputo. A discussão deste tema tem como objetivo identificar estratégias que os falantes desta língua adotam no processo de indeterminação de sujeito. A análise de dados recolhidos através de um questionário estruturado e administrado a 20 falantes nativos da variante  dialectal Xinondrwana e analisados com base nas abordagens de Mioto, Silva e Lopes (2004), Perini (2010), Bechara (2010) e Cunha e Cintra (2011), sugere que para os falantes desta língua indeterminar o sujeito implicam a adoção de três estratégias: i. flexão do verbo na 3ª pessoa do plural; ii. uso da passiva, através dos morfemas indeterminadores ku- e -iw-; e iii. o preposicionamento de sujeito com referência genérica.
Construções encabeçadas por “como” no português
Authors: Silva Diogo Oliveira da , Stassi-Sé Joceli Catarina
Published: July 2023

A pesquisa investiga, no âmbito da articulação de orações, construções encabeçadas por como em ocorrências parentéticas (JUBRAN, 2006) do tipo como se diz, como sabe, como é que se chama? nas variedades lusófonas do Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo (2016), com o objetivo de discutir o estatuto funcional desse item, sob o enfoque da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF), de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008). Para isso, analisamos, à luz do modelo teórico da GDF, o estatuto de como nessas construções e seu escopo, considerando as camadas dos Níveis Interpessoal e Morfossintático da teoria. Em sua metodologia, a pesquisa leva em conta as propriedades discursivas, pragmáticas e morfossintáticas dessas construções, bem como o estatuto interpessoal e morfossintático de como nesses contextos de produção. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que essas construções, por não apresentarem uma oração principal à qual se subordinem, atuam em camadas mais altas do Nível Interpessoal da teoria. Como resultado, observamos as construções atuando (i) como Movimentos, com o como sendo marcador de Função interacional Resgate (STASSI-SÉ, 2012); e (ii) como Movimentos, com o como sendo um marcador de perguntas meditativas (FONTES, 2012), ambos os tipos atuando no monitoramento da interação verbal. Essa caracterização aponta para a tendência dessas construções operarem discursivamente, independentemente do tradicional valor semântico atribuído ao como em estudos orientados gramaticalmente.
Funções textual-discursivas da aposição encapsuladora
Authors: Sousa Rosângela do Socorro Nogueira de , Nogueira Márcia Teixeira
Published: July 2023

Este artigo trata, sob uma perspectiva discursivo-funcional, do tradicionalmente chamado, em gramáticas de língua portuguesa, aposto de oração, com o objetivo de analisar suas funções textual-discursivas. A base teórica é a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (GDF), de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), e estudos descritivos sobre aposição, tais como Quirk et al. (1985), Meyer (1992), Hannay e Keizer (2005), Keizer (2015), Nogueira (1996, 1999, 2012), Sousa (2016), Decat (2010, 2011, 2021). Quanto à metodologia, esta pesquisa, de natureza quantitativo-qualitativa, utilizou um corpus composto de 108 ocorrências dessas aposições, identificadas em artigos de opinião publicados no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, entre os anos de 2006 e 2010. Quanto aos resultados, identificamos que a aposição encapsuladora desempenha, nesses artigos, as funções textual-discursivas de Desdobramento (34,3%), Explicação (28,7%), Avaliação (22,2%), Constatação (7,4%) e Conclusão (7,4%).
OTTO VON BISMARCK AND HIS PERCEPTION OF RUSSIA DURING THE DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN ST. PETERSBURG IN THE 1850S.
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Vlasov N. A.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the problem of knowledge of the Russian language and its influence on the perception of Russia by the German statesman Otto von Bismarck. Acting in 1859-1862 as Prussian envoy in Petersburg, Bismarck studied Russian. The degree of his language proficiency remains, however, to this day a debatable topic, and the question of how knowledge of the language influenced the image of Russia in the worldview of the "Iron Chancellor" has not yet been raised in the research literature at all. The author used Russian and German sources, including the memoirs of contemporaries and the statements of Bismarck himself. The conclusion is that Bismarck's knowledge of the Russian language was limited to a relatively narrow framework necessary for everyday communication and reading the socio-political press. The idea that this knowledge was explained by the sympathies of the "Iron Chancellor" for Russia or gave rise to such sympathies is not true. The ability to read the Russian press and communicate with representatives of the Russian common people had little general effect on Bismarck's ideas about Russia. His image of Russia by and large corresponded to the images and stereotypes common in Western Europe in the middle of the 19th century.
Political Science in Search of New Approaches: Introducing the Issue
Authors: Mchedlova Maria M.
Published: July 2023

The editorial board introduces the issue devoted to the problem which occurred as a result of the exhausting traditional heuristic potential of political knowledge, including concepts, theoretical and methodological approaches, and ideological emphasis. The changing traditional theoretical framework questions the legitimacy of traditional political practices, the legitimacy of institutions, goals and subjects of the political process. Based on the ideas of I. Wallerstein, we are making attempts to “feel the elephant” of political reflection on the dramatically changing political reality.
After Post-Modernity: Discussion Points Against the Background of Global Transformations
Authors: Evstafiev Dmitry G. , Tsyganova Lubov A.
Published: July 2023

The transition of the basically local military-political crisis in the Western Eurasia into the real focus of global geopolitical transformations and civilizational confrontation. That has brought to the agenda the issue of degradation of the principles of universalities that were the basis for globalization in both: socio-political and socio-economic spheres thus demonstrating deepening interaction between them. The world is facing the perspective of competition of different models of development and their political and social localization that reflect the specifics of social-economic environment. The fact that global transformations became the result of interaction of the objective and subjective, contextual factors as well as sometimes were brought to reality through the interaction of political leaders brings us to the conclusion that the world is nowadays within the transitional era that contains several points of bifurcation of political nature that in turn drive for different models of socioeconomic development. The sharp nature of ongoing transformations reflects the situation when most of the paradigms and instrumental models that were regarded as axiomatically universal like institutional governance and representative democracy started to lose their relevance as political and socio-political management tools. The same is true about a bulk of global economic tools such as the universal protected nature of economic interdependence and international trade. But all that was the basis for the globalization. The system of global political and economic relations that has resided quite recently in the environment of nearly total universality started to lose synergy and integrity while forming complex localized formats in which political and socio-cultural factors play the leading role ahead of economic basis and socio-economic relationships. The research drives to the conclusion on the possibility of emergence of the two competing models claiming a global status the specifics of interaction between them and the key differences between them.
Strategy as a Political Phenomenon and Concept
Authors: Belozerov Vasily K.
Published: July 2023

Modern science doesn’t sufficiently disclose the essence and content of strategy (political strategy), even though the term and its derivatives actively circulate in theoretical and political discourse. This highlights the necessity to establish terminological clarity regarding the understanding of strategy. This article reveals the genesis of strategy as a practical management activity and as a science, as well as shows its connection with the military sphere. For a long time, the development of strategy as a science was closely connected to military affairs. The political component in strategy appeared in the 19th century, and has been gradually expanding. To separate political strategy from military and give it an independent scientific status, various authors have attempted to develop such concepts as higher strategy, grand strategy, and state strategy. Throughout time two approaches to understanding strategy emerged: the first focuses mainly on goal-setting, and the second - on coordinating goals with the ways and resources required to achieve them. According to the author, strategy in politics means a purposeful and long-term action program implemented to achieve a designed result. Military strategy acts not only as the highest level of military art, but also as an integral component of state strategy. At the turn of the 2010s attempts were made to conceptualize political strategy, but they did not find further development. The generation of a full-fledged concept of political strategy seems to be heuristic and promising in both theoretical and practical domains.
Political Administration VS Political Competition Under Neo-Authoritarian Rule
Authors: Nisnevich Yuliy A.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the replacement of political competition with political administration in order to maintain the power of the ruling political actors and ensure the tenure of the ruling regime under neo-authoritarian rule in a number of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The administration of all key arenas of the political sphere is implemented through special political technologies and informal practices of political corruption. A pseudo-multiparty system with a dominating ruling party is being constructed in the party-political arena. In the media arena, the most influential mass media are being “nationalized”. In the arena of personnel, through political nepotism, adherents of the ruling regime are placed in key political and administrative positions of public power. In the electoral arena, the institution of elections is transformed into a procedure for the formation of public authorities by manipulating the voting procedures. In the legislative arena, the ruling party provides political administration of legislative and parliamentary activities in general. In the judicial arena, through the administrative regulation of the judiciary personnel, the judicial system is integrated into a single system of neo-authoritarian rule aimed at providing judicial protection for the ruling regime from the discontent of the citizens and using courts for political purposes. To demonstrate the appearance of democratic legitimacy, all neo-authoritarian regimes imitate the work of the basic institutions of democracy.
The Problem of the Left-Right Divide in Modern Russia Through the Lens of Social Constructivism
Authors: Zhigadlo Konstantin V.
Published: July 2023

By the beginning of the 2010s, Russia has developed a party system and an electoral culture for which the ideological spectrum is not critically important. However, the high-profile political processes, the events of recent years and the leap in the development of social media have contributed to the reactualization of the ideological spectrum in the field of unconventional politics. At the same time, new social movements were formed. In this regard, questions about the left-right divide and about the semantic content of the concepts of left and right wings themselves acquire new relevance. The author of the article tries to determine which Russian ideological and social movements, political parties and associations of a different type today can be attributed to each wing of the left-right continuum, and what are the essential divisions between the different sides of it today. For this purpose, a discourse analysis of the publications of certain public opinion leaders who directly relate themselves to one or another camp in social media was carried out. Various interviews and speeches of these individuals, as well as program documents of some parties and movements were also used for this analysis. In order to clearly identify various personalities and groups on the basis of their position in the ideological spectrum, the author relied on the methodology of social constructivism. The author concludes that the conceptualization of the right-wing established in Russian political science, referring this concept mainly to liberals, is largely outdated by now. There are splits within the left and right movements themselves along the line of attitude to the state and etatism, no less acute and fundamental than the very division between these movements.
Heuristic Potential of Applying the Assessment Index to Regional Public Programs in the Field of Youth Policy
Authors: Kalashnikova Sofia K. , Andriiv Irina I.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the research is to determine the possibilities and limitations of applying indices for assessing regional youth policy in the Russian Federation. The article contains a detailed analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on current methods for evaluating state youth policy and possibilities of applying indices in this sphere. The comparative analysis of the use of indices for assessing youth policy in the CIS countries was conducted. The authors propose an index of complex evaluation of regional state programs based on the correlation between the data on the budgeting of the youth policy sphere in the subjects and the migration indicators of this age group. As a result of empirical research, the authors have identified groups of regions of the Russian Federation with different levels of funding of the investigated sphere and the degree of sufficiency of budgetary provision to maintain a neutral balance of youth migration.
THE ROLE OF GENERAL LEGAL PRINCIPLES IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MAIN BRANCHES OF LAW
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Ryazan, Akhverdyan H.G.
Published: July 2023

The author determines the place and structural composition of general legal principles and their significance for the qualitative functioning of the legal system. The interaction and influence of general legal principles on certain branches of Russian legislation, such as civil, criminal, administrative, labor law and others are analyzed.
TRENDS IN TERRITORIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors:   Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Krasnoslobodtseva N.K.
Published: July 2023

Reformation of the local self-government territorial foundations is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the process of municipalities’ consolidation, the transition to a single-level self-government.
THE ROLE OF NEWS IN THE INFORMATION WARS OF THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zazaeva N.B. , Fedyunina S.M. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: July 2023

The features of information wars in the era of digitalization and news as a tool of geopolitical information confrontation are considered. The information and psychological impact of fake news on the mass consciousness and the specificity of their functioning in the digital space are analyzed. It is noted that to search for a new mechanism for selecting news on digital resources according to the content principle is necessary.
ESSA MANCHA DA “CORDIALIDADE”?
Authors: Muradas Daniela , Criscuolo Boson Victor Hugo
Published: July 2023

A expressão “homem cordial”, objeto de interpretações distintas, foi comumente utilizada por políticos e por juristas para afirmar traços psicossociais do povo brasileiro - conciliação, passividade, pacificidade e benevolência. Essas seriam, para vários agentes dos campos político e jurídico, características dominantes da classe trabalhadora brasileira. O uso da noção de cordialidade, no sentido conferido por Cassiano Ricardo – diverso do significado atribuído por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda –, acaba por legitimar o ideário de negação à luta social, à resistência política e ao conflito trabalhista. Essa negação contrasta com as práticas sociais do povo brasileiro. Nesse sentido, pretende-se discutir a reprodução dessa noção como mito e instrumental ideológico-argumentativo mobilizado por políticos e por juristas para: i) o desestímulo à externalização de conflitos que refletiriam múltiplas clivagens na sociedade brasileira, ii) a imposição de limites ao direito de resistência e iii) a imposição de traços autoritários nas relações de trabalho no Brasil.
A Multimodal Approach to Analgesia in Anorectal Surgery
Authors: Garmanova T. N. , Markaryan D. R. , Kazachenko E. A. , Lukianov A. M. , Kazachenko M. A. , Agapov M. A.
Published: July 2023

Аim: Evaluation of methods for pain prevention and pain reduction after anorectal surgery at all stages of treatment based on publications found in available databases.

Key points. Most anorectal diseases are benign and do not affect life expectancy, meanwhile about 40 % of the population suffer from it. Mainly anorectal disorders affect middle-aged people reducing their life quality. At the same time many articles aimed at studying only postoperative anesthesia. 2 researchers independently searched for articles published in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, E-library databases using keywords. A total of 54 publications were included. A multimodal approach should include the pain prevention during pre-, intra- and postoperative periods. Acetaminophen is recommended for pain reduction according to the dosing protocols. Acetaminophen combined with other systemic analgesics is advisable for patients with severe pain. The opioids use is justified only for moderate-severe postoperative pain. Metronidazole and lidocaine with nitroglycerin ointment/ nifedipine/сorticosteroids effectiveness has been proven for local postoperative anesthesia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics and bowel preparation do not reduce postoperative pain. Stool softeners are recommended for reducing postoperative pain severity. Additional local anesthesia such as nerve blockade or infiltration anesthesia is recommended for all patients. Modern minimally invasive treatment methods of hemorrhoid are associated with less severe postoperative pain.

Conclusion. The recommended scheme of multimodal anesthesia for patients after anorectal surgery is shown on Fig.1. Further studies are needed to evaluate preoperative anesthesia effectiveness, the feasibility of the perioperative flavonoids use, as well as comparisons of various minimally invasive treatment methods of anorectal diseases.
Evaluation of Small Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Overlap Syndrome (Autoimmune Hepatitis/Primary Biliary Cholangitis)
Authors: Akberova D. R. , Odintcova A. Kh. , Abdulganieva D. I.
Published: July 2023

Аim: to evaluate the state of small intestine permeability by the “double sugar test” in patients with overlap syndrome (autoimmune hepatitis / primary biliary cholangitis (AIH / PBC)).

Materials and methods. Prospectively, 56 people were included in the study. Of these, 26 were diagnosed with AIH/PBC, 30 were in the control group. The diagnosis was made in accordance with the current recommendations. The average age of patients was 49.7 ± 13.8 years, healthy volunteers — 48.6 ± 9.2 years. The determination of the permeability of the small intestine was carried out by a “double sugar test” (the ratio of lactulose/mannitol in urine), using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography — mass spectrometry.

Results. In patients with AIH/PBC, an increase in intestinal permeability was found — 0.20 [0.09; 0.30] (p < 0.001) compared with the control group 0.01 [0.01; 0.02]. We divided patients at the stage of liver damage. An increased small intestinal permeability was revealed: hepatitis stage — 0.19 [0.13; 0.30] (p < 0.001), liver cirrhosis stage — 0.18 [0.09; 0.30] (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. In the early stages of disease (1 month from the onset of the disease) had an increased lactulose/mannitol ratio — 0.13 [0.05; 0.26] (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In the presence of portal hypertension (PH), small intestinal permeability was increased — 0.18 [0.09; 0.30] (p < 0.001) compared with the control group.

Conclusions. An increase in small bowel permeability was found in patients with overlapping syndrome. All patients had increased intestinal permeability (regardless of the presence of extrahepatic manifestations).
Large Rearrangements in Genes Responsible for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, MUTYH-Associated Polyposis and Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome in Russian Patients
Authors: Loginova A. N. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Shubin V. P. , Kuzminov A. M. , Pikunov D. Yu. , Saveleva T. A. , Tsukanov A. S.
Published: July 2023

Аim: to reveal the rate of large rearrangements in the genes responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.

Materials and methods. The MLPA method was used for identification of large rearrangements. A total number of 135 patients was included in the study: 83 patients with a clinical diagnosis of “familial adenomatous polyposis”, 18 — with suspected MUTYH-associated polyposis, and 34 — with a clinical diagnosis of “Peutz–Jeghers syndrome”.

Results. Seven large deletions and one large duplication in the APC gene were identified in 83 patients with classic familial adenomatous polyposis, with rate of large rearrangements 9.6 % (8/83). In 18 patients with suspected MUTYH-associated polyposis, no large rearrangements were found in the MUTYH gene. Four large deletions in the STK11 gene (12 %, 4/34) were detected in 34 patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.

Conclusion. For the first time, the expediency of including the method of detecting large rearrangements in routine DNA test list for Russian patients with various hereditary polyposis syndromes is demonstrated. Routine use of MLPA method makes it possible to increase the total frequency of detection of pathogenic variants in the APC and STK11 genes above 90 %. At the same time, the need for searching of large rearrangements in the MUTYH gene were not justified.
How to Make the Right Choice of Proton Pump Inhibitor for Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?
Authors: Evsyutina Yu. V.
Published: July 2023

Аim: to analyze the main pharmacokinetic properties of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their significance in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Key points. Pantoprazole has a high bioavailability, the absolute bioavailability of pantoprazole at a dose of 40 mg is 77 % from the first dose and does not change with repeated use. Pantoprazole shows a faster onset of action than omeprazole. Simultaneous food intake does not change the bioavailability of pantoprazole. Suppression of hydrochloric acid production while taking pantoprazole accompanies by the achievement of endoscopic remission of GERD by day 28 in 91 % of patients with reflux esophagitis and by day 56 in all patients in the PANSTAR studies. Pantoprazole has little effect on CYP2C19 compared to other PPIs, minimizing the risk of drug-drug interactions. Pantoprazole is the most pH-selective PPI, which determines the specificity of action only in the parietal cells of the stomach and the greatest safety of long-term use in patients with comorbid pathology.

Conclusion. PPIs form the basis of the therapy of acid-dependent diseases, and, in particular, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pantoprazole is distinguished from other PPIs by its persistent high bioavailability, long-term antisecretory effect, and very low affinity for cytochrome P450.
Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Russian Society for the Study of the Liver, the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the National Scientific Society of Infectious Disease Specialists for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Chulanov V. P. , Mamonova N. A. , Maevskaya M. V. , Zharkova M. S. , Tikhonov I. N. , Bogomolov P. O. , Volchkova E. V. , Dmitriev A. S. , Znojko O. O. , Klimova E. A. , Kozlov K. V. , Kravchenko I. E. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Maslennikov R. V. , Mikhailov M. I. , Novak K. E. , Nikitin I. G. , Syutkin V. E. , Esaulenko E. V. , Sheptulin A. A. , Shirokova E. N. , Yushchuk N. D.
Published: July 2023

Аim:diagnosis and treatment algorithms in the clinical recommendations intended for general practitioners, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, hepatologists on the of chronic hepatitis C are presented.

Summary.Chronic viral hepatitis C is a socially significant infection, the incidence of which in the Russian Federation remains significantly high. Over the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the treatment of hepatitis C — direct acting antiviral drugs have appeared. The spectrum of their effectiveness allows to achieve a sustained virological response in more than 90 % of cases, even in groups that were not previously considered even as candidates for therapy or were difficult to treat — patients receiving renal replacement therapy, after liver transplantation (or other organs), at the stage of decompensated liver cirrhosis, HIV co-infected, etc. Interferons are excluded from the recommendations due to their low effectiveness and a wide range of adverse events. The indications for the treatment have been expanded, namely, the fact of confirmation of viral replication. The terms of dispensary observation of patients without cirrhosis of the liver have been reduced (up to 12 weeks after the end of therapy). Also, these recommendations present approaches to active screening of hepatitis in risk groups, preventive and rehabilitation measures after the end of treatment.

Conclusion.Great success has been achieved in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In most cases, eradication of viral HCV infection is a real task even in patients at the stage of cirrhosis of the liver, with impaired renal function, HIV co-infection, after solid organs transplantation.
Dari Keadilan Raja Kepada Undang-Undang Agama: Perkembangan Semasa Islam di Brunei
Authors: (Corresponding Author) Siti Zubaidah Ismail , Haji Amai Norasiah Awang
Published: July 2023

When Islam was accepted as the religion of the nation, embraced by the royal and their subjects, a new country was born and emerged as the Kesultanan Melayu Islam (Islamic Malay Sultanate) and known in the present day as Brunei Darussalam. The Brunei monarchy made the Islamic teachings and tenets as the basis to form the state law and remains so until now, despite the fact that it used to be referred to personal law by the colonial power during the British era in Borneo. Scholars have been focusing on the history and development of Islamic law in Brunei but rarely discuss on the history of criminal legislation, particularly on the development of shariah criminal offences. As such, this article discusses that aspect in order to examine the history and the development of what is known today as shariah criminal offences in Brunei in light of the Perintah Kanun Hukuman Jenayah Syariah 2013. To this end, this article contributes significantly in the area of the Islamic legal history in Brunei by exposing the importance of the Sultans in empowering Islamic law in the country as a whole.
Time of Palievsky
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gulin Alexander V.
Published: July 2023

The article is based on the author’s personal memories of meetings, cooperation and conversations with the outstanding Russian philologist Pyotr Vasilyevich Palievsky. Being a scientist of exceptional range, Palievsky has received wide recognition in Russia and abroad as the author of classic studies. The author of the article tries to determine the essential features of his contribution to the theory of literary image, the study of the nature of artistic values, the identification of patterns of the literary process. Palievsky’s books and articles, public speeches, oral judgments about writers, about Russian and world artistic culture, about the fate of Russia in the turbulent movement of humanity express scholar’s holistic, original system of views on man and the world. Using the example of individual life episodes and statements of the scientist, the article reveals a personality unique to Russian literary studies, cultural studies, social studies in terms of the degree of involvement in world ideological processes and almost all-encompassing breadth of horizons. The article highlightes activity of Palievsky as the service to his Fatherland of a richly gifted scientist-patriot, continuer and keeper of the national tradition in Russian philology.
Derivation and Use of the Pump Energy Intensity Equation for Water System Energy Analysis
Authors: Sowby Robert B. , Krieger Kai M
Published: July 2023

Energy intensity—an expression normalizing pump energy use by water
volume, also called specific energy—is becoming a more commonly used
key performance indicator as water utilities seek to analyze and
optimize their energy use. Its theoretical basis, however, has not been
well documented. Beginning with Newton’s second law, we derive the pump
power equation and the pump energy intensity equation, provide specific
values for engineering reference, and discuss applications. In a
perfectly efficient system pumping water, the minimum energy intensity
is 0.00272 kWh/m per meter of head or 3.14 kWh/Mgal
per foot of head. Considering typical pump efficiencies, these
references may be scaled and used for analyzing pump performance or
estimating future energy uses. As a key performance indicator, energy
intensity is a convenient input-output quotient where both parts can be
observed directly, enabling tracking over time and comparison among
individual facilities. As a planning tool, energy intensity can estimate
expected energy use without having to know details of the pumping
system. Such are the high-level applications water systems may find as a
prelude to deeper energy analyses in pursuit of sustainable
infrastructure.
Forecasting West Nile Virus Infections A Machine Learning Approach to Epidemiological Monitoring
Authors: Chen Rachel , Schneider Aidan , Bauskar Starlika , Rodriguez Francisco
Published: July 2023

Mosquitoes are vectors for a number of serious illnesses, such as
Dengue, Zika, Malaria, and West Nile Virus. In the United States, West
Nile Virus (WNV) is the leading mosquito-borne disease. As there are
currently no vaccines to prevent WNV nor medications to cure it,
government agencies must sustain financially taxing programs to monitor
mosquito populations and WNV infections and share this data across
various departments in an effort to prevent WNV outbreaks. In this
study, we develop four machine learning models that forecast WNV
infections in humans, enabling government and healthcare officials to
take proactive action instead of reacting to real-time infection data.
Our models take in open-access data describing ecological variables –
such as temperature, humidity, wind, air quality index (AQI), and
enhanced vegetation index (EVI) — and use that data to predict future
WNV infections five weeks in advance. We then perform a comparative
analysis of the two types of machine learning architectures – support
vector machine (SVM) regressors and random forest (RF) regressors –
represented across our four models to evaluate which is best suited for
the task. Our results indicate RF regressors are best suited to the task
of forecasting WNV infections; however, SVM regressors perform
comparably well and even exceed RF regressors when the magnitude of
error is unweighted. Additionally, our results contribute a new
perspective on the usefulness of AQI and wind speed for predicting
mosquito-borne infections. Our RF regressor’s feature importance results
indicate that AQI and wind speed were of similar importance as EVI and
humidity – ecological variables well-known to influence mosquito
population dynamics. Our work provides valuable directions for future
research and development of early warning systems for disease prevention
efforts as our models’ ability to forecast WNV infections five weeks in
advance provides critical lead time for government officials to pursue
mosquito containment efforts and healthcare facilities to increase
capacity, enabling proactive action in combating WNV.

Link
to abstract published at AGU’s Fall 2022 Session
Cracking the code: An evidence-based approach to teaching Python in an undergraduate earth science setting
Authors: Campbell Ethan C. , Christensen Katy M. , Nuwer Mikelle , Ahuja Amrita , Boram Owen , Miller Reese , Liu Junzhe , Osuna Isabelle , Riser Stephen C.
Published: July 2023

Scientific programming has become increasingly essential for
manipulating, visualizing, and interpreting the large volumes of data
acquired in earth science research. Yet few domain-specific
instructional approaches have been documented and assessed for their
effectiveness in equipping geoscience undergraduate students with coding
and data literacy skills. Here we report on an evidence-based redesign
of an introductory Python programming course, taught fully remotely in
2020 in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington. Key
components included a flipped structure, activities infused with active
learning, an individualized final research project, and a focus on
creating an accessible learning environment. Cloud-based notebooks were
used to teach fundamental Python syntax as well as functions from
packages widely used in climate-related disciplines. By analyzing
quantitative and qualitative student metrics from online learning
platforms, surveys, assignments, and a student focus group, we conclude
that the instructional design facilitated student learning and supported
self-guided scientific inquiry. Students with less or no prior exposure
to coding achieved similar success to peers with more previous
experience, an outcome likely mediated by high engagement with course
resources. We believe that the constructivist approach to teaching
introductory programming and data analysis that we present could be
broadly applicable across the earth sciences and in other scientific
domains.
The influence of metallicity on helium and CO core masses in massive stars
Authors: Petrovic Jelena
Published: July 2023

We present the results of 58 detailed evolutionary models of massive single
stars and close binary systems with the Solar and Small Magellanic Cloud
(SMC) metallicity computed with the MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar
Astrophysics) numerical code. Helium core masses of single stars (30 M? - 75
M?) with metallicities of 0.02 and 0.0021 are in the range of 9.26 M? -
29.56 M? and 11.62 M? - 33.96 M?, respectively. Their carbon-oxygen (CO)
core masses are between 5.44 M? and 25.04 M? vs. 8.23 M? and 28.38 M? for
the Solar vs. SMC metallicity, accounting for an average difference of 25%.
To investigate the influence of metallicity on helium and carbon-oxygen core
masses in massive close Case A binary systems, detailed evolutionary models
of binary systems in the mass range of 30 M? to 40 M? are calculated. The
initial orbital period is set to 3 days and the accretion efficiency to 10%.
The helium core mass range for primary stars with lower metallicity is 10.61
- 16.21 M? vs. 7.94 - 11.69 M? for z = 0.02. The resulting CO core masses of
primary stars for the SMC metallicity are on average about 50% larger than
for the Solar metallicity, so the effect is more prominent than in the case
of single stars. The black hole formation limit for primary stars with the
SMC metallicity is under 30 M?. While the least massive primary stars with
Solar metallicity end up as neutron stars, all primary stars with the SMC
metallicity and all secondary stars complete their evolution as black holes.
The double compact objects resulting from the presented models are of two
types: mixed neutron star-black hole systems (4 models) and double black
holes (18 models). We also derive the relation between the final helium core
mass and the carbon-oxygen core mass and show that it does not depend on
metallicity. We confirm the CO/helium core mass ratio to be larger in binary
systems than for single stars.
Cardiac surgery intensive care unit nursing workload assessment using Nursing Activities Score
Authors: Stojakovic Natasa , Mihajlovic Bojan , Ninkovic Jelena , Rajic Jovan , Vuckovic Jelena , Golubovic Miodrag , Velicki Lazar
Published: July 2023

Introduction/Objective. Nursing Activities Score (NAS) is one of the most accepted and widely used scores for assessing the workload of the nursing staff in regards of qualitative and quantitative adequacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze nursing workload in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) using the NAS in a contemporary set of patients undergoing heart surgery. Methods. The study included 809 consecutive patients who had a major cardiac surgery in 2019 admitted to adult CSICU. Demographic data were collected from medical records [sex, age, type of treatment, length of stay (LOS), and discharge], EuroSCORE II, and NAS value. Results. The majority of patients underwent a coronary (43.1%), valvular (32.6%), and combined (24.2%) cardiac surgery procedure. The average patient LOS in CSICU was 2.5 ? 3.4 days. The average NAS value in our sample was 100.8% ? 63.1%. NAS value during the first operative day was a poor marker of the outcome in terms of mortality (C-index 0.520, 95% CI ? 0.422?0.617, p = 0.676). Significant difference was observed in terms of average NAS value between the patients submitted to coronary surgery and combined surgery (p = 0.001). NAS has been shown to be useful for assessing activity in a CSICU, confirming the optimal workload of nurses, while higher NAS values in our hospital indicate increased workload compared to similar institutions. Conclusion. NAS provided viable information regarding the care and hospitalization of patients in a CSICU. In accordance with NAS, the optimal level of nursing workload was established in our hospital settings.