bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in forage grasses cultivated in Cerrado soil
Authors: dos Santos Lucas Leidiane , Neto Aurelio Rubio , de Moura Jadson Belem , de Souza Rodrigo Fernandes , Santos Maria Eduarda Fernandes , de Moura Lorena Fernandes , Xavier Elitania Gomes , dos Santos José Mateus , Nehring Ryan , Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: February 2022

The Cerrado is one of the most important regions for agricultural development in the world and is the main productive breadbasket of the Americas. One of the main agricultural activities in the region is high-tech livestock. Cerrado soils are predominantly low in fertility, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a fundamental role in plant nutrition in this biome. Understanding the behavior of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil under pasture is essential for the development of more efficient and sustainable management practices. Thus, this work aims to verify the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different species of forage grasses cultivated in cerrado soil. To measure mycorrhizal activity, soil spore density factors and mycorrhizal colonization rates in roots of 14 forage grass genotypes were investigated. No significant differences were identified in spore density values between the investigated genotypes. Panicum maximum cv and Mombasa showed the lowest values of mycorrhizal colonization, and the highest values were found in the roots of Brachiaria decumbens. Among the identified genera associated with the rhizosphere of the genotypes studied, Gigaspora, Scutelospora and Sclerocysts are less frequent, which indicates that the association with these fungal genera is less recurrent than with the others.
Associations among autistic traits, cognitive and affective empathy, and personality traits in adults with autism spectrum disorder and no intellectual disability
Authors: Shirayama Yukihiko , Matsumoto Kazuki , Hamatani Sayo , Muneoka Katsumasa , Okada Akihiro , Sato Koichi
Published: February 2022

Reported empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be attributable to other ASD-related features. We evaluated 28 ASD adults with no intellectual disability and 24 age-matched non-ASD control subjects using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO). Compared to the controls, ASD participants showed lower scores for perspective taking, online simulation, cognitive empathy, and peripheral responsivity on the QCAE, and lower scores for perspective taking and empathic concern on the IRI. Within the ASD group, the AQ scores showed significant relationships with perspective taking, online simulation and cognitive empathy on the QCAE, and perspective taking on the IRI. The ASD group also showed higher scores for neuroticism and lower scores for extraversion on the NEO compared to the controls. However, there were no relationships between AQ scores and NEO factors within the ASD group. Multiple regression analysis with stepwise linear regression demonstrated that perspective taking score on the QCAE and extraversion score on the NEO were good predictor variables to autistic traits on the AQ. These findings help us to understand empathy and personality traits in ASD adults with no intellectual disability.
Double zero tillage and foliar phosphorus fertilization coupled with microbial inoculants enhance maize productivity and quality in a maize–wheat rotation
Authors: Harish M. N. , Choudhary Anil K. , Kumar Sandeep , Dass Anchal , Singh V. K. , Sharma V. K. , Varatharajan T. , Dhillon M. K. , Sangwan Seema , Dua V. K. , Nitesh S. D. , Bhavya M. , Sangwan S. , Prasad Shiv , Kumar Adarsh , Rajpoot S. K. , Gupta Gaurendra , Verma Prakash , Kumar Anil , George S.
Published: February 2022

Maize is an important industrial crop where yield and quality enhancement both assume greater importance. Clean production technologies like conservation agriculture and integrated nutrient management hold the key to enhance productivity and quality besides improving soil health and environment. Hence, maize productivity and quality were assessed under a maize–wheat cropping system (MWCS) using four crop-establishment and tillage management practices [FBCT–FBCT (Flat bed–conventional tillage both in maize and wheat); RBCT–RBZT (Raised bed–CT in maize and raised bed–zero tillage in wheat); FBZT–FBZT (FBZT both in maize and wheat); PRBZT–PRBZT (Permanent raised bed–ZT both in maize and wheat], and five P-fertilization practices [P100 (100% soil applied-P); P50 + 2FSP (50% soil applied-P + 2 foliar-sprays of P through 2% DAP both in maize and wheat); P50 + PSB + AM-fungi; P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; and P0 (100% NK with no-P)] in split-plot design replicated-thrice. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT system significantly enhanced the maize grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 13.1–19% over conventional FBCT–FBCT. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, integrating soil applied-P, microbial-inoculants and foliar-P, had significantly higher grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 12.5–17.2% over P100 besides saving 34.7% fertilizer-P both in maize and on cropping-system basis. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP again had significantly higher starch, lysine and tryptophan content by 4.6–10.4% over P100 due to sustained and synchronized P-bioavailability. Higher amylose content (24.1%) was observed in grains under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, a beneficial trait due to its lower glycemic-index highly required for diabetic patients, where current COVID-19 pandemic further necessitated the use of such dietary ingredients. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT reported greater MUFA (oleic acid, 37.1%), MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index with 6.9% higher P/S index in corn-oil (an oil quality parameter highly required for heart-health) over RBCT-RBCT. MUFA, MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index were also higher under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; avowing the obvious role of foliar-P and microbial-inoculants in influencing maize fatty acid composition. Overall, double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT with crop residue retention at 6 t/ha per year along with P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP while saving 34.7% fertilizer-P in MWCS, may prove beneficial in enhancing maize productivity and quality so as to reinforce the food and nutritional security besides boosting food, corn-oil and starch industry in south-Asia and collateral arid agro-ecologies across the globe.
Author Correction: A monoclinic semiorganic molecular crystal GUHP for terahertz photonics and optoelectronics
Authors: Sinko Anton , Solyankin Peter , Kargovsky Aleksey , Manomenova Vera , Rudneva Elena , Kozlova Natalia , Sorokina Natalia , Minakov Fedor , Kuznetsov Sergei , Nikolaev Nazar , Surovtsev Nikolay , Ozheredov Ilya , Voloshin Alexey , Shkurinov Alexander
Published: February 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
TUSC2 immunogene enhances efficacy of chemo-immuno combination on KRAS/LKB1 mutant NSCLC in humanized mouse model
Authors: Meraz Ismail M. , Majidi Mourad , Shao RuPing , Meng Feng , Ha Min Jin , Shpall Elizabeth , Roth Jack A.
Published: February 2022

KRAS/LKB1 (STK11) NSCLC metastatic tumors are intrinsically resistant to anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 immunotherapy. In this study, we use a humanized mouse model to show that while carboplatin plus pembrolizumab reduce tumor growth moderately and transiently, the addition of the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2, delivered systemically in nanovesicles, to this combination, eradicates tumors in the majority of animals. Immunoprofiling of the tumor microenvironment shows the addition of TUSC2 mediates: (a) significant infiltration of reconstituted human functional cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells; (b) induction of antigen-specific T cell responses; (c) enrichment of functional central and memory effector T cells; and (d) decreased levels of PD-1+ T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Tregs, and M2 tumor associated macrophages. Depletion studies show the presence of functional central and memory effector T cells are required for the efficacy. TUSC2 sensitizes KRAS/LKB1 tumors to carboplatin plus pembrolizumab through modulation of the immune contexture towards a pro-immune tumor microenvironment.
An amiloride derivative is active against the F1Fo-ATP synthase and cytochrome bd oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hards Kiel , Cheung Chen-Yi , Waller Natalie , Adolph Cara , Keighley Laura , Tee Zhi Shean , Harold Liam K. , Menorca Ayana , Bujaroski Richard S. , Buckley Benjamin J. , Tyndall Joel D. A. , McNeil Matthew B. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Opel-Reading Helen K. , Krause Kurt , Preiss Laura , Langer Julian D. , Meier Thomas , Hasenoehrl Erik J. , Berney Michael , Kelso Michael J. , Cook Gregory M.
Published: February 2022

Increasing antimicrobial resistance compels the search for next-generation inhibitors with differing or multiple molecular targets. In this regard, energy conservation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been clinically validated as a promising new drug target for combatting drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Here, we show that HM2-16F, a 6-substituted derivative of the FDA-approved drug amiloride, is an anti-tubercular inhibitor with bactericidal properties comparable to the FDA-approved drug bedaquiline (BDQ; Sirturo®) and inhibits the growth of bedaquiline-resistant mutants. We show that HM2-16F weakly inhibits the F1Fo-ATP synthase, depletes ATP, and affects the entry of acetyl-CoA into the Krebs cycle. HM2-16F synergizes with the cytochrome bcc-aa3 oxidase inhibitor Q203 (Telacebec) and co-administration with Q203 sterilizes in vitro cultures in 14 days. Synergy with Q203 occurs via direct inhibition of the cytochrome bd oxidase by HM2-16F. This study shows that amiloride derivatives represent a promising discovery platform for targeting energy generation in drug-resistant tuberculosis.
An image-to-answer algorithm for fully automated digital PCR image processing
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Zhang Haoqing , Wang Xinlu , Gaňová Martina , Lednický Tomáš , Zhu Hanliang , Liu Xiaocheng , Korabečná Marie , Chang Honglong , Neužil Pavel
Published: February 2022

We developed an image-to-answer algorithm available for chip-based dPCR systems with single fluorescence image capture and known image-related error removal. It automatically corrects the chip structure damage and non-uniformity of light intensity.
A DNA functionalized metal–organic framework combined with magnesium peroxide nanoparticles: targeted and enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sun Xinran , Zhang Guoda , Ding Xilai , Liu Yingyan , Chen Kaixiu , Shi Pengfei , Zhang Shusheng
Published: February 2022

A self-supplying O2 nanosystem (Hf-MOF-MgO2/DNA) based on a DNA functionalized MOF combined with magnesium peroxide nanoparticles was constructed. This nanosystem can be used for targeted PDT with a significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Correction: Encapsulating bacteria in alginate-based electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Diep Emily , Schiffman Jessica D.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Encapsulating bacteria in alginate-based electrospun nanofibers’ by Emily Diep et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, 9, 4364–4373, DOI: 10.1039/D0BM02205E.
Experimental studies on astrophysical reactions at the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB
Authors: Yamaguchi H. , Hayakawa S. , Ma N.R. , Shimizu H. , Okawa K. , Yang L. , Kahl D. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Abe K. , Beliuskina O. , Cha S.M. , Chae K.Y. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Ge Z. , Gulino M. , Hu J. , Inoue A. , Iwasa N. , Kim A. , Kim D. , Kiss G. , Kubono S. , La Commara M. , Lattuada M. , Lee E.J. , Moon J.Y. , Palmerini S. , Parascandolo C. , Park S.Y. , Phong V. H. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R.G. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Spitaleri C. , Tang X.D. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Zhang N.T. , Lam Y.H. , Heger A. , Jacobs A.M. , Xu S.W. , Ma S.B. , Ru L.H. , Liu E.Q. , Liu T. , Hamill C.B. , St J. Murphy A. , Su J. , Fang X. , Kwag M.S. , Duy N.N. , Uyen N.K. , Kim D.H. , Liang J , Psaltis A. , Sferrazza M. , Johnston Z. , Li Y.Y.
Published: February 2022

Experimental studies on astrophysical reactions involving radioactive isotopes (RI) often accompany technical challenges. Studies on such nuclear reactions have been conducted at the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB, operated by Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo. We discuss two cases of astrophysical reaction studies at CRIB; one is for the 7Be+n reactions which may affect the primordial 7Li abundance in the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, and the other is for the 22Mg(α, p) reaction relevantin X-raybursts.
Type Ia SN progenitors: pre-explosion phase in nearly Chandrasekhar mass WDs
Authors: Domínguez Inma , Piersanti Luciano , Bravo Eduardo , Straniero Oscar , Cristallo Sergio
Published: February 2022

Type Ia supernovae are used as distance indicators to measure the expansion rate of the Universe and to constrain the nature of dark energy. Current and upcoming surveys will allow to extend supernova Hubble diagrams to higher redshifts and to improve further their statistics.

It is accepted that Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs in binary systems. However, the identification of their progenitors, the evolutionary path leading to the explosion and the explosion mechanism itself have not been identified yet. This is critical, as we need to understand the potential evolution of their luminosity with cosmic time and, thus, with their stellar progenitors.

We will review the current situation, considering observational hints. We will focus on our recent models, that follow the evolution of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs accreting mass up to thermonuclear runaway, and on their dependence with the initial metallicity of the white dwarf progenitors.
Impacts of Strongly Magnetized Degenerate Plasma on the Electron-capture Rates
Authors: Luo Yudong , Kusakabe Motohiko , Kajino Toshitaka
Published: February 2022

The strongly magnetized degenerate astrophysical plasma is investigated.Arelativistic Hartree self-consistent field method is applied to calculate the screening potential. A profile froma15M⊙ core collapsing supernova (SN) progenitor is applied to evaluate the electron-capture rates of 54Fe. It is found that the screening potential at high field is enhanced compared with the previous study. If the field is high enough and only the lowest Landau level is allowed, two orders of magnitude reduction of the capture rates are found in the high-density region. Such deviations of the electron capture rates are essential since the rates determine the neutron richness of the progenitor model as well as the iron core mass, which are crucial for MHD-Jet SNe explosion calculation.
Direct measurement of the 19F(p, αγ)16O reaction in JUNA
Authors: Zhang L.Y. , Su J. , He J.J. , Wiescher M. , deBoer R.J. , Kahl D. , Chen Y.J. , Li X.Y. , Wang J.G. , Zhang L. , Cao F.Q. , Zhang H. , Zhang Z.C. , Jiao T.Y. , Sheng Y.D. , Wang L.H. , Song L.Y. , Jiang X.Z. , Li Z.M. , Li E.T. , Wang S. , Lian G. , Li Z.H. , Tang X.D. , Zhao H.W. , Sun L.T. , Wu Q. , Li J.Q. , Cui B.Q. , Chen L.H. , Ma R.G. , Guo B. , Xu S.W. , Li J.Y. , Qi N.C. , Sun W.L. , Guo X.Y. , Zhang P. , Chen Y.H. , Zhou Y. , Zhou J.F. , He J.R. , Shang C.S. , Li M.C. , Zhou X.H. , Zhang Y.H. , Zhang F.S. , Hu Z.G. , Xu H.S. , Cheng J.P. , Liu W.P.
Published: February 2022

The 19F(p, αγ)16O reaction is of crucial importance for Galactic 19F abundances and CNO cycle loss in first generation Population III stars. Due to its extremely small cross sections, the 19F(p, αγ)16O reaction has not been measured in the low energy part of the Gamow window(70-200 keV). As a day-one campaign, the experiment was performed under the extremely low cosmicray-induced background environment of the China JinPing Underground Laboratory(CJPL), one of the deepest underground laboratories in the world. The γ-ray yields were measured over Ec.m. =72.4–344 keV, covering the full Gamow window for the first time. The direct experimental data will help people to expound the fluorine over-abundances, energy generation, as well as heavy-element nuclosynthesis scenario in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, with the astrophysical model on the firm ground.
Gamma-ray observations of cosmic nuclei
Authors: Diehl Roland
Published: February 2022

Gamma rays from nuclear processes such as radioactive decay and de-excitations are among the most-direct tools to witness the production and existence of speciﬁc nuclei and isotopes in and near cosmic nucleosynthesis sites. With space-borne instrumentation such as NuSTAR and SPI/INTEGRAL, and experimental techniques to handle a substantial instrumental background from cosmic-ray activations of the spacecraft and instrument, unique results have been obtained, from diffuse emissions of nuclei and positrons in interstellar surroundings of sources, as well as from observations of cosmic explosions and their radioactive afterglows. These witness non-sphericity in supernova explosions and a ﬂow of nucleosynthesis ejecta through superbubbles as common source environments. Next-generation experiments that are awaiting space missions promise a next level of observational nuclear astrophysics.
Compton Imaging and Machine-Learning techniques for an enhanced sensitivity in key stellar (n,γ) measurements
Authors: Lerendegui-Marco J. , Babiano-Suárez V. , Balibrea-Correa J. , Babiano-Suárez V. , Caballero L. , Calvo D. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Ladarescu I. , Real D. , Calviño F. , Casanovas A. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. , Alcayne V. , Guerrero C. , Millán-Callado M.A. , Rodríguez-González T. , Barbagallo M. , Chiera N.M , Dressler R. , Heinitz S. , Maugeri E.A , Schumann D. , Köster U.
Published: February 2022

Neutron capture cross-section measurements are fundamental in the study of astrophysical phenomena, such as the slow neutron capture (s-) process of nucleosynthesis operating in red-giant stars. To enhance the sensitivity of such measurements we have developed the i-TED detector. i-TED is an innovative detection system which exploits the Compton imaging technique with the aim of obtaining information about the incoming direction of the detected γ-rays. The imaging capability allows one to reject a large fraction of the dominant γ-ray background, hence enhancing the (n,γ) detection sensitivity.

This work summarizes the main results of the first experimental proof-of-concept of the background rejection with i-TED carried out at CERN n_TOF using an early i-TED demonstrator. Two state-of-the-art C6D6 detectors were also used to benchmark the performance of i-TED. The i-TED prototype built for this study shows a factor of ~3 higher detection sensitivity than C6D6 detectors in the ~10 keV neutron-energy range of astrophysical interest. This works also introduces the perspectives of further enhancement in performance attainable with the final i-TED array and new analysis methodologies based on Machine-Learning techniques. The latter provide higher (n,γ) detection efficiency and similar enhancement in the sensitivity than the analytical method based on the Compton scattering law. Finally, we present our proposal to use this detection system for the first time on key astrophysical (n,γ) measurements, in particular on the s-process branching-point 79Se, which is especially well suited to constrain the thermal conditions of Red Giant and Massive Stars.
Cross-section measurements relevant for the astrophysical p process at the University of Cologne
Authors: Heim Felix , Müller Martin , Scholz Philipp , Wilden Svenja , Zilges Andreas
Published: February 2022

The astrophysical p process unites all processes that have been introduced to explain the abundance of a group of 30 to 35 neutron-deﬁcient nuclei which are referred to as p nuclei. In general, these p processes include large networks of nuclear reactions and a complete understanding of the individual reaction rates is required to describe the abundance of the p nuclei qualitatively and quantitatively. In many cases the involved nuclear reactions are not accessible in the laboratory, either due to their low cross sections or because they involve unstable or exotic isotopes. For those purposes, the motivation of cross-section measurements performed at the University of Cologne is twofold: First, experimentally constrained reaction rates are of direct relevance for nucleosynthesis network calculations. And second, experimental cross-section values are required to test existing theoretical descriptions and to improve their predictive power. In this work, we present the experimental setups and methods that are used to measure nuclear cross-sections at very low sensitivities and we show a detailed overview of proton-and α-induced reactions that have been measured in Cologne in the last decade.
3He(α,γ)7Be cross section measurement around7Be known energy levels
Authors: Tóth Akos , Szücs Tamás
Published: February 2022

The3He(α,γ)7Be reaction plays an important role in two astrophysical scenarios. It is a key reaction in lithium production during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and one of the central reaction in the p-p chain in stars. In the case of the former event, the Gamow energy of the reaction is around 0.2 MeV, while in the case of the p-p chain in the Sun, an order of magnitude less, around 0.023 MeV. Experimental investigation at such low energies is very difficult, if possible at all, thus low energy extrapolation inevitable to predict the reaction rate at these energies. The extrapolation and its uncertainty are inﬂuenced by the precision and covered energy range of the data used. There are many precision datasets between Ec.m.= 0.3–3.1 MeV, but only one below and one above. At higher energies known levels of7Be exist, which motivates the study of that energy range. Therefore, we performed investigations in the energy range of Ec.m.= 4.3–8.3 MeV, where the radiative cross section has not been studied so far. For the cross section determination, the activation technique was used utilising a thin-windowed gas cell and the MGC-20 cyclotron of ATOMKI.
The challenging direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength of the 17O(p,γ)18F reaction at LUNA
Authors: Ciani Giovanni Francesco , Piatti Denise , Gesuè Riccardo Maria ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2022

A precise determination of proton capture rates on oxygen is mandatory to predict the abundance ratios of the oxygen isotopes in a stellar environment where hydrogen burning is active. The 17O(p,γ)18F reaction, speciﬁcally, plays a crucial role in AGB nucleosynthesis as well as in explosive hydrogen burning occurring in type Ia novae. At temperatures of interest for the former scenario (20 MK ≤ T ≤ 80 MK) the main contribution to the astrophysical reaction rate comes from the Ec.m. = 65 keV resonance. The strength of this resonance is presently determined only through indirect measurements, with an adopted value of ωγ = (1.6 ± 0.3) × 10−11 eV. Thanks to the low background environment of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, the intense and stable beam provided by the LUNA 400 kV accelerator and the experience in oxygen target production, the LUNA collaboration is aiming the ﬁrst direct measurement of the above mentioned resonance strength. In the present work details of challenging direct measurement planned at LUNA will be described.
Study of the20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction at LUNA
Authors: Caciolli Antonio , Zavatarelli Sandra ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2022

The20Ne(p,γ)21Na is the first reaction of the NeNa cycle and having the slowest reaction rate, it controls the speed at which the entire cycle proceeds. This reaction is important in different stellar scenarios such as red giants stars (during H shell-burning), asymptotic giant branch stars, novae, and massive stars. Existing uncertainties on the20Ne(p,γ)21Na are now the ones that severely affect the estimated elements production in the NeNa cycle. In particular, such uncertainties affect the amount of produced22Na, a stellarγ-ray signature, and22Ne, an important neutron source in the s-process, via the22Ne(α,n)25Mg. Here, we propose to study the resonance atER= 366 keV and to measure the20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction cross section at proton energies below 400 keV, in particular the contribution from the sub-threshold state, in order to better constrain the overall astrophysical rate of this important reaction. In this contribution, the experimental setup will be described and the expected results discussed.
Measurement and analysis techniques for a study of 12C(p,γ) and 13C(p,γ) deep underground
Authors: Skowronski Jakub ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2022

The 12C(p,γ) and 13C(p,γ) reaction cross sections are currently under investigation in the low-background environment of the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics. Both reactions are being studied using different types of solid targets, and employing complementary detection techniques (HPGe spectroscopy, total absorption spectroscopy and activation counting). To reduce systematic uncertainties, targets must be accurately characterized and their degradation monitored under the intense (~ 400 µA) beam of the LUNA400 accelerator. We present the experimental techniques employed, and the analyses developed for the study of these reactions.
Fluorine nucleosynthesis and s-processing in AGB stars driven by magnetic-buoyancy mixing
Authors: Vescovi Diego , Cristallo Sergio , Palmerini Sara , Abia Carlos , Busso Maurizio
Published: February 2022

Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are thought to be among the most important sources of fluorine in our Galaxy. While observations and theory agree at close-to-solar metallicity, stellar models overestimate fluorine production in comparison to heavy elements at lower metallicities. We present predictions for 19F abundance for a set of AGB models with various masses and metallicities, in which magnetic buoyancy induces the formation of the 13C neutron source (the so-called 13C pocket). In our new models, fluorine is mostly created as a consequence of secondary 14N nucleosynthesis during convective thermal pulses, with a minor contribution from the 14N existing in the 13C pocket zone. As a result, AGB stellar models with magnetic-buoyancyinduced mixing show low 19F surface abundances which agree with fluorine spectroscopic observations at both low and near-solar metallicity.
Observational properties of peculiar core-collapse super-novae producing r-process elements
Authors: Hasegawa Tatsuki , Tanaka Masaomi , Nishimura Nobuya , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Saito Sei , Domoto Nanae
Published: February 2022

We investigate the effects of r-process elements on the electromagnetic wave emission from peculiar core-collapse supernovae. We perform a series of radiative transfer simulations based on one-dimensional hydrodynamical explosion models. Varying the mass of 56Ni and r-process nuclei, we examine the effects of r-process elements on the light curves. The 56Ni-powered explosion models with a large amount of r-process-rich material show redder color because the high opacity of r-process elements suppresses the emission at shorter wavelengths. Comparing the results with the color of observed super-novae, we find that the upper limit for the production of r-process elements is 0.1M ⊙ for 56Ni-powered supernovae.
Carbon burning rates on the compound nucleus formation
Authors: Katsuma Masahiko
Published: February 2022

The 12C+12C reaction rates based on the compound nucleus formation seem to be concordant with the standard rates. The resonant contribution in 12C+12C is also discussed. To put the rates on firm ground, the resonances below Ec.m. = 3 MeV will have to be studied further.
The Dyadic Radionuclide System 60Fe / 53Mn to Distinguish Interstellar from Interplanetary 60Fe
Authors: Koll Dominik , Faestermann Thomas , Korschinek Gunther , Leya Ingo , Merchel Silke , Wallner Anton
Published: February 2022

The discovery of live 60Fe in a deep-sea crust with proposed interstellar origin followed by evidence for elevated interplanetary 3He in the same crust raised the question on how to unambiguously identify the true production site of the identified 60Fe. Here, we show the implementation of the dyadic radionuclide system 60Fe / 53Mn to serve as a tool for the identification of surplus interstellar 60Fe over interplanetary production. The recent updates in experimental 60Fe and 53Mn data from iron meteorites as well as in production rate models confirm the validity and robustness of this dyadic system for future applications.
Underground measurement at LUNA found no evidence for a low-energy resonance in the 6Li(p, γ)7Be reaction
Authors: Piatti Denise ,   for the LUNA Collaboration
Published: February 2022

The 6Li(p,γ)7Be reaction is involved in all three main nucleosynthesis scenarios: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar matter, and stellar nucleosynthesis.

Conflicting experimental results have been reported in literature for the 6Li(p,γ)7Be reaction cross section trend at astrophysical energies. A recent direct measurement found a resonance-like structure at Ec.m. = 195 keV, corresponding to an excited state at Ex ~ 5800 keV in 7Be which, however, has not been confirmed by either theoretical calculations or other direct measurements. In order to clarify the existence of this resonance, a new experiment was performed at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics, located deep underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). The 6Li(p,γ)7Be cross section was measured in the energy range Ec.m. = 60-350 keV with unprecedented sensitivity and no evidence for the alleged resonance was found.
Proton emission study as a guide to astrophysical rp process
Authors: Siwach Pooja , Arumugam P. , Modi S. , Ferreira L. S. , Maglione E.
Published: February 2022

Proton emitters play an important role in deciding the path of the astrophysical rapid proton capture (rp) process. The lifetime of these nuclei depends on several factors, like the deformation, angular momentum of the emitted proton, residual interaction between valence proton and neutron (especially in case of odd-odd nuclei) and so on. Therefore, it is worth to investigate the structure of proton emitters to understand the rp process path. However, due to lack of data in this exotic region, the theoretical models should be robust and the dependence on the free parameters should be minimal. In this direction, we have developed the first microscopic approach to study the triaxially deformed odd-odd proton emitters. The application of the developed approach to 108I, a recently observed proton emitter to investigate the end cycle of the rp process, is discussed.
Sensitivity Study of Type-I X-ray Bursts to Nuclear Reaction Rates
Authors: Sultana Irin , Estradé Alfredo , Borowiak Jessica , Elliott Jacob , Meyer Bradley S. , Schatz Hendrik
Published: February 2022

Type-I X-ray bursts are frequently occurring thermonuclear runaways on the surface of an accreting neutron star. The different nuclear reactions that empower the cataclysmic event play a key role in accurately comparing theoretical models and observations. We investigate the effect of the uncertainties in the nuclear reactions using a ONEZONE model for a set of different compositions and accretion rates that are within the range of the standard observed burst sources. A combination of a full-reaction network and a semi-analytic model is used to obtain the conditions at the time of X-ray burst ignition via simulating the settling process of the accreted material. We then evaluate the sensitivity of the X-ray burst model by varying the proton and alpha-induced reaction rates in JINA REACLIBV2.2 within representative nuclear physics uncertainties.
Cosmic Ray production in SNRs of Pulsar Wind Nebulae type at different ages
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera G. , Sinitsyna Vera Y.
Published: February 2022

The overall observations of plerions from radio to the very high energy gamma-rays could provide information about the evolution of PWN from the young Crab-like to the older stages. The extended MeV-TeV emission from Geminga middle-aged pulsar of ~ 3.4 × 105year age in SHALON, Milagro, HAWC observations, and Fermi-LAT detection could arise from the PWN associated with the Geminga SNR. The TeVγ-ray emission from 3C 58 PWN whose estimated age varies from ~ 800 to (5 − 7) × 103years was first detected in year 2011 by SHALON. The overall spectral energy distribution and information about the extension of PWN from radio to GeV-TeV energies from Fermi-LAT and SHALON observations can contribute to particle transport models and also to the understanding of the mechanisms of PWN expanding, which is, in turn, can shed light on the age of 3C 58 and the history of progenitor SN explosion.
Artificial Intelligence Effectiveness and Impact within COVID-19
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M , Alfarsi Ghaliya , Khudayer Baidaa Hamza
Published: February 2022

Artificial intelligence is one of the most important programs that are used in all sectors of society. Accordingly, artificial intelligence has become required to help combat Covid 19. In the field of education, artificial intelligence has become the ideal alternative to study and complementary to distance study. This research provides a summary of the types of artificial intelligence, its benefits, drawbacks, and the field of its uses. This paper will present the importance of using intelligence Artificial intelligence in the field of education specifically and its importance in expanding students’ awareness in the case of distance study.
Powering over single mode fiber by shortening working time of IoT device
Authors: Skaljo Edvin , Mujcic Aljo , Munster Petr , Maslo Anis , Hodzic Mujo , Duhandzic Muhamed , Karamemedovic Emir
Published: February 2022

Fiber optics has revolutionized telecommunication with its superior bandwidth and distance it can span. For its use in IoT networks, some of the limiting factors are the high cost of new installations and the need to power the end device by electrical current. The installations are a part of long-term investments, and one can expect this to be an ever-smaller issue as more fibers are installed. Typically, the newly installed cables contain single-mode fibers. There are a lot of reports on transport of power over fiber, however, majority recommend using multi-mode fibers with a large core or double-clad fibers. In our approach, instead of increasing the core of the fiber, we focus on the possibility of shortening the working time of IoT devices, using the existing single-mode fiber for powering. Also, instead of an expensive PV (photo voltaic) cell with small dimensions and a high efficiency, we propose using the commercially available larger PV cells with an air gap between the end of the fiber and the cells. In accordance with our approach, we successfully conducted an experiment.
Sub-micrometer particle size effects on metastable phases for a photoswitchable Co–Fe Prussian blue analog
Authors: Itoi Miho , Maurin Isabelle , Boukheddaden Kamel , Andrus Matthew J. , Talham Daniel R. , Elkaim Erik , Uwatoko Yoshiya
Published: February 2022

Metastable phases of the photoswitchable molecular magnet K0.3Co[Fe(CN)6]0.77 ⋅  nH2O in sub-micrometer particles have been structurally investigated by synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements. The K0.3Co[Fe(CN)6]0.77 ⋅  nH2O bulk compound (studied here with a sample having average particle size of 500 nm) undergoes a charge transfer coupled spin transition (CTCST), where spin configurations change between a paramagnetic CoII ( S = 3/2) –FeIII ( S = 1/2) high-temperature (HT) state and a diamagnetic CoIII ( S = 0) –FeII ( S = 0) low-temperature (LT) state. The bulk compound exhibits a unique intermediate (IM) phase, which corresponds to a mixture of HT and LT spin states that depend on the cooling rate. Several hidden metastable HT states emerge as a function of thermal and photo stimuli, namely: (1) a quench (Q) state generated from the HT state by flash cooling, (2) a LTPX state obtained by photoexcitation from the LT state derived by thermal relaxation from the Q state, and (3) an IMPX state accessed by photo-irradiation from the IM state. A sample with a smaller particle size, 135 nm, is investigated for which the particles are on the scale of the coherent LT domains in the IM phase within the larger 500 nm sample. PXRD studies under controlled thermal and/or optical excitations have clarified that the reduction of the particle size profoundly affects the structural changes associated with the CTCST. The unusual IM state is also observed as segregated domains in the 135 nm particle, but the collective structural transformations are more hindered in small particles. The volume change decreases to 2%–3%, almost half the value found for 500 nm particles (5%–8%), even though the linear thermal expansion coefficients are larger for the smaller particles. Furthermore, photoexcitation from the IM and LT states does not turn into single phases in the smaller particles, presumably because of the multiple interfaces and/or internal stress generated by the coexistence of small CoII–FeIII and CoIII–FeII domains in the lattice. Since the reduced particle size limits cooperativity and domain growth in the lattice, CTCST in the small particle sample becomes less sensitive to external stimuli.
Intermediate Hamiltonian Fock-space coupled-cluster theory for excitation energies, double ionization potentials, and double electron attachments with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Lu Yanzhao , Wang Zhifan , Wang Fan
Published: February 2022

The intermediate Hamiltonian Fock-space coupled-cluster methods at the singles and doubles level (IHFSCCSD) for excitation energies in the (1p, 1h) sector, double ionization potentials in the (0p, 2h) sector, and double electron attachments in the (2p, 0h) sector of the Fock space are implemented based on the CCSD method with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) included in the post-Hartree–Fock treatment using a closed-shell reference in this work. The active space is chosen to contain those orbitals that have the largest contribution to principal ionized or electron-attached states obtained from the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations. Both time-reversal symmetry and spatial symmetry are exploited in the implementation. Our results show that the accuracy of IHFSCCSD results is closely related to the active space, and the sufficiency of the active space can be assessed from the percentage of transitions within the active space. In addition, unreasonable results may be encountered when the ionized or electron-attached states with a somewhat larger contribution from double excitations are included to determine the active space and cluster operators in the (0p, 1h) or (1p, 0h) sector of the Fock space. A larger active space may be required to describe SO splitting reliably than that in the scalar-relativistic calculations in some cases. The IHFSCCSD method with SOC developed in this work can provide reliable results for heavy-element systems when a sufficient active space built upon the principal ionization potential/electron affinity states is adopted.
Oxygen vacancy dynamics in monoclinic metallic VO2 domain structures
Authors: Schrecongost Dustin , Zhang Hai-Tian , Engel-Herbert Roman , Cen Cheng
Published: February 2022

It was demonstrated recently that the nano-optical and nanoelectronic properties of VO2 can be spatially programmed through the local injection of oxygen vacancies by atomic force microscope writing. In this work, we study the dynamic evolution of the patterned domain structures as a function of the oxygen vacancy concentration and the time. A threshold doping level is identified that is critical for both the metal–insulator transition and the defect stabilization. The diffusion of oxygen vacancies in the monoclinic phase is also characterized, which is directly responsible for the short lifetimes of sub-100 nm domain structures. This information is imperative for the development of oxide nanoelectronics through defect manipulations.
Electrical control of ON–OFF magnetism and exchange bias via reversible ionic motion
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Zhao Zhiqiang , Shang Xiantao , Zhang Jie , Cai Li , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Qinghao , Li Hongsen , Cao Qiang , Li Qiang
Published: February 2022

The lithium-based magneto-ionic effect is an emerging and promising way to control magnetism. Here, a lithium-ion battery-structure is adopted to control the magnetic properties of the Co/CoO bilayer. Using operando magnetometry, we performed a reversible toggling of lithium ion induced magnetic phase transition between nano-Co (superparamagnetism) and CoO (antiferromagnetism), which enables an ON–OFF magnetism switching. On this basis, a robust modulation of exchange bias by electric field at low temperature is achieved. In addition, reversible tuning of coercivity and magnetization up to 71% and 118%, respectively, in a Co/CoO bilayer at room temperature are performed. This work provides a more efficient means to modulate antiferromagnetism and exchange bias, facilitating the development of antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Molecular basis of multistep voltage activation in plant two-pore channel 1
Authors: Dickinson Miles Sasha , Lu Jinping , Gupta Meghna , Marten Irene , Hedrich Rainer , Stroud Robert M.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Despite decades of biophysical and structural research, little is understood about how voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) activate during membrane depolarization, and less is known about how VGICs can be modulated by lipids and other ligands. We identify multiple functional states of the voltage- and Ca
2+
-gated ion channel TPC1 from
Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtTPC1), which confers electrical excitability to the plant vacuole. Here, we show how a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) functions during electrical activation and the mechanism of inhibition by vacuolar Ca
2+
. We show that the VSD undergoes large-scale, domain-wide structural changes during activation that involves Ca
2+
-dependent in-membrane plane rotation, subsequent charge transfer, and a Ca
2+
-dependent gate in the pore mouth that is allosterically coupled to the VSD.
HTLV-1 activates YAP via NF-κB/p65 to promote oncogenesis
Authors: Zhao Tiejun , Wang Zhilong , Fang Jinyong , Cheng Wenzhao , Zhang Yiling , Huang Jinhua , Xu Lingling , Gou Hongwei , Zeng Linghui , Jin Zhigang , Matsuoka Masao
Published: February 2022

Significance

The Hippo pathway plays critical roles in controlling cell proliferation, and its dysregulation is widely implicated in numerous human cancers. YAP, a Hippo signaling effector, often acts as a nexus and integrator for multiple prominent signaling networks. In this study, we discover NF-κB cross talk with the Hippo pathway and identify p65 as a critical regulator for YAP nuclear retention and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we find that p65-induced YAP activation is essential for maintaining the proliferation of ATL cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings unravel the functional interplay between NF-κB and YAP signaling and provide mechanistic insights into the YAP-dependent growth control pathway and tumorigenesis.
Switchable assembly and function of antibody complexes in vivo using a small molecule
Authors: Martinko Alexander J. , Simonds Erin F. , Prasad Suchitra , Ponce Alberto , Bracken Colton J. , Wei Junnian , Wang Yung-Hua , Chow Tiffany-Lynn , Huang Zhong , Evans Michael J. , Wells James A. , Hill Zachary B.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Reported here, we describe a molecular protein technology to enable switchable assembly of functional antibody complexes. This approach, which we call ligand-induced transient engagement (LITE), allows for control of an antibody’s intended function in vivo through the dosing of a small-molecule activator. Chemical regulation of antibody therapeutics represents a treatment paradigm to provide physicians with precise control over the therapeutic activity of a biologic drug after it is administered to a patient. Ultimately, this approach may result in a new class of antibody drugs with improved efficacy and safety profiles and the potential to greatly impact the treatment of human disease.
Chinese certificate translation in the Australian context
Authors: Ko Leong
Published: February 2022

All countries issue certificates – marriage certificates, birth certificates, medical certificates, graduation certificates, degrees, driver’s licenses, and business permits – for various purposes, so the translation of certificates is common in the translation market. For cultural, practical, and administrative reasons, certificates issued by different countries and in different languages often take different forms and contain different information. Because translated certificates may be required for specific purposes, the appropriate translation of certificates can therefore pose challenges for translators. This paper presents a study on the translation of various certificates from Chinese into English. It attempts to compare and analyze different features of certificates in Chinese and English, identify issues encountered in the translation of certificates, and explore different translation strategies, taking into account linguistic, pragmatic, cultural, and communicative factors. Based on the findings of the data analysis, the study suggests that when translating Chinese certificates into English, it is necessary to consult the potential users of the translated certificates to identify the purposes of the translation and decide which translation strategy is appropriate.
Temporal agency of social movements
Authors: Fawzy Rania Magdi
Published: February 2022

The article examines, through the lens of cognitive semiotics, temporal agency and experiences that define the protestors’ identity within the space of the Floyd protests as visualized in AP sequenced news photos. The analysis points to the role of resemiotized chronotopic motifs that bring together the past, present and future times of racial discrimination. In this regard, the paper synthesizes the Bakhtinian chronotope with Multimodal Conceptual Metaphor. Synthesizing Multimodal Metaphors with the chronotope is meant to conceptualize the temporality of the social movement, assigning it agentive identity. That is, chronotopic temporality is deployed in this article as a metaphorical placeholder for movements agency and individuality. Two chronotopes interact within the visualized space of the protests: one is centred in the memories of past apartheid and a desired future, the other conceptualizes a resistant and angry present.
The longitudinal impact of self-reflection and integrated pronunciation instruction on L2 French learners’ production of /y/ and /u/
Authors: Meritan Camille
Published: February 2022

Although pronunciation can be fostered through explicit instruction, instructors need practical strategies to support their learners’ pronunciation (Darcy, 2018; Derwing, 2018; Derwing & Munro, 2015; Levis, 2018). Additionally, “researching longitudinal development of L2 learners [pronunciation] is essential to understanding influences in their success” (Derwing & Munro, 2013, p.163). This three-semester-long experimental quantitative study on 72 French learners examined whether self-reflection (open-ended questionnaires) as a learning strategy could complement integrated explicit pronunciation instruction and support the development of intelligible production of the two contrastive vowels /y/ and /u/. Results on pre/post read-aloud tests surrounding pronunciation lessons were compared between a treatment (instruction + self-reflection), a comparison (instruction only) and a control group (neither instruction, nor self-reflection), and within each group to determine if there was significant growth over time. Findings revealed that self-reflection combined with explicit instruction led to better learning outcomes and production gains when compared to oral natural input.