bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysautonomia and REM sleep behavior disorder contributions to progression of Parkinson’s disease phenotypes
Authors: Riboldi Giulietta Maria , Russo Marco J. , Pan Ling , Watkins Kristen , Kang Un Jung
Published: August 2022

Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) such as dysautonomia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are recognized to be important prodromal symptoms that may also indicate clinical subtypes of PD with different pathogenesis. Unbiased clustering analyses showed that subjects with dysautonomia and RBD symptoms, as well as early cognitive dysfunction, have faster progression of the disease. Through analysis of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) de novo PD cohort, we tested the hypothesis that symptoms of dysautonomia and RBD, which are readily assessed by standard questionnaires in an ambulatory care setting, may help to independently prognosticate disease progression. Although these two symptoms associate closely, dysautonomia symptoms predict severe progression of motor and non-motor symptoms better than RBD symptoms across the 3-year follow-up period. Autonomic system involvement has not received as much attention and may be important to consider for stratification of subjects for clinical trials and for counseling patients.
Conveyor-mode single-electron shuttling in Si/SiGe for a scalable quantum computing architecture
Authors: Seidler Inga , Struck Tom , Xue Ran , Focke Niels , Trellenkamp Stefan , Bluhm Hendrik , Schreiber Lars R.
Published: August 2022

Small spin-qubit registers defined by single electrons confined in Si/SiGe quantum dots operate successfully and connecting these would permit scalable quantum computation. Shuttling the qubit carrying electrons between registers is a natural choice for high-fidelity coherent links provided the overhead of control signals stays moderate. Our proof-of-principle demonstrates shuttling of a single electron by a propagating wave-potential in an electrostatically defined 420 nm long Si/SiGe quantum-channel. This conveyor-mode shuttling approach requires independent from its length only four sinusoidal control signals. We discuss the tuning of the signal parameters, detect the smoothness of the electron motion enabling the mapping of potential disorder and observe a high single-electron shuttling fidelity of 99.42 ± 0.02% including a reversal of direction. Our shuttling device can be readily embedded in industrial fabrication of Si/SiGe qubit chips and paves the way to solving the signal-fanout problem for a fully scalable semiconductor quantum-computing architecture.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized from the seaweed Sargassum polycystum and screening for their biological potential
Authors: Thiurunavukkarau Rajasekar , Shanmugam Sabarika , Subramanian Kumaran , Pandi Priyadarshini , Muralitharan Gangatharan , Arokiarajan Maryshamya , Kasinathan Karthika , Sivaraj Anbarasu , Kalyanasundaram Revathy , AlOmar Suliman Yousef , Shanmugam Velmurugan
Published: August 2022

World-wide antimicrobial resistant is biggest threat in global health. It requires the urgent need of multisectoral action for the scientific community to achieve the sustainable development Goals. Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles are potential activates to pathogens, which explains their potential for multiple applications in various fields. In the present studies, we evaluate the antimicrobial properties of a Sargassum polycystum algal extract, an unrivaled green synthetic method for producing -defined shaped seaweed silver nanoparticles. To confirm their structure and size, some characterization techniques are used, such as Absorption spectrophotometer (UV–VIS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Evaluate the antibacterial and anti-mycobacterial activity using silver nanoparticles. The toxicity study of this silver nanoparticle has been done with the help of zebrafish larva. The biological nanoparticle having good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida albicans and also it shows potent activity against MTB H37Rv, SHRE sensitive MTB Rifampicin resistant MTB around 98%. Seaweed nanoparticles had lower toxicity for the survival of the fish larvae. In comparison, other dosages will arrest the cell cycle and leads to death. The present finding revealed that these seaweeds nanoparticles have potential anti-mycobacterial activity against pathogens at low concentrations. This makes them a potent source of antibacterial and anti-TB agents
Comparison between bearing strengths of molded-in and machined holes of GFR/PP composites
Authors: Osama M. M. , Selmy A. I. , Abdelhaleem Ayman M. M. , Megahed A. A.
Published: August 2022

This study is an investigation of weight fraction (wt%) and fiber feedstock length (FFSL) effects on the bearing strength (BS) of bolted joints in glass-fiber-reinforced (GFR) polypropylene (PP) composites manufactured by an injection molding technique. The investigation was made for holes produced either by molding or machining. For machined holes, the effect of drilling parameters (feed and speed) on BS was discussed. It is observed that BS decreased as FFSL increased. BS of both molded-in and drilled specimens was enhanced by increasing wt% of glass fiber. While slightly better BS was observed for molded-in specimens than drilled ones for all specimens. The drilling conditions’ effect on BS was found to be insignificant for drilled holes in long fibers reinforced PP, where the most significant factor was wt%. However, for short fibers reinforced PP, the spindle speed was the most significant factor followed by feed, while wt% has the lowest effect. Failure morphology mode for specimens indicates that for molded-in specimens, neat PP specimens failed under pure bearing mode while GFR/PP specimens failed under the mixed-mode failure (bearing and net tension). For machined specimens, all specimens failed under mixed-mode failure except for the highest wt% specimens which failed under net tension.
Changes in cross-sectional areas of posterior extensor muscles in thoracic spine: a 10-year longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Umezawa Hitoshi , Daimon Kenshi , Fujiwara Hirokazu , Nishiwaki Yuji , Michikawa Takehiro , Okada Eijiro , Nojiri Kenya , Watanabe Masahiko , Katoh Hiroyuki , Shimizu Kentaro , Ishihama Hiroko , Fujita Nobuyuki , Tsuji Takashi , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota
Published: August 2022

Age-related changes in the posterior extensor muscles of the cervical and lumbar spine have been reported in some studies; however, longitudinal changes in the thoracic spine of healthy subjects are rarely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of posterior extensor muscles in the thoracic spine over 10 years and identify related factors. The subjects of this study were 85 volunteers (mean age: 44.7 ± 11.5) and the average follow-up period was about 10 years. The CSAs of the transversospinalis muscles, erector spinae muscles, and total CSAs of the extensor muscles from T1/2 to T11/12 were measured on magnetic resonance imaging. The extent of muscle fat infiltration was assessed by the signal intensity (luminance) of the extensor muscles’ total cross-section compared to a section of pure muscle. We applied a Poisson regression model, which is included in the generalized linear model, and first examined the univariate (crude) association between each relevant factor (age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle, back pain, neck pain, neck stiffness, and intervertebral disc degeneration) and CSA changes. Then, we constructed a multivariate model, which included age, sex, and related factors in the univariate analysis. The mean CSAs of the transversospinalis muscles, erector spinae muscles, and total CSAs of the extensor muscles significantly increased over 10 years. Exercise habit was associated with increased CSAs of the erector spinae muscles and the total area of the extensor muscles. The cross-section mean luminance significantly increased from baseline, indicating a significant increase of fat infiltration in the posterior extensor muscles. Progression of disc degeneration was inversely associated with increased fat infiltration in the total extensor muscles.
The utility of texture analysis of kidney MRI for evaluating renal dysfunction with multiclass classification model
Authors: Hara Yuki , Nagawa Keita , Yamamoto Yuya , Inoue Kaiji , Funakoshi Kazuto , Inoue Tsutomu , Okada Hirokazu , Ishikawa Masahiro , Kobayashi Naoki , Kozawa Eito
Published: August 2022

We evaluated a multiclass classification model to predict estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) groups in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis (TA). We identified 166 CKD patients who underwent MRI comprising Dixon-based T1-weighted in-phase (IP)/opposed-phase (OP)/water-only (WO) images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and T2* maps. The patients were divided into severe, moderate, and control groups based on eGFR borderlines of 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. After extracting 93 texture features (TFs), dimension reduction was performed using inter-observer reproducibility analysis and sequential feature selection (SFS) algorithm. Models were created using linear discriminant analysis (LDA); support vector machine (SVM) with linear, rbf, and sigmoid kernels; decision tree (DT); and random forest (RF) classifiers, with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). Models underwent 100-time repeat nested cross-validation. Overall performances of our classification models were modest, and TA based on T1-weighted IP/OP/WO images provided better performance than those based on ADC and T2* maps. The most favorable result was observed in the T1-weighted WO image using RF classifier and the combination model was derived from all T1-weighted images using SVM classifier with rbf kernel. Among the selected TFs, total energy and energy had weak correlations with eGFR.
Fat3 regulates neural progenitor cells by promoting Yap activity during spinal cord development
Authors: Seo Soyeon , Kim Young A. , Lee Junekyoung , Lee Seunghwan , Kim Jumee , Lee Seunghee
Published: August 2022

Early embryonic development of the spinal cord requires tight coordination between proliferation of neural progenitors and their differentiation into distinct neuronal cell types to establish intricate neuronal circuits. The Hippo pathway is one of the well-known regulators to control cell proliferation and govern neural progenitor cell number, in which the downstream effector Yes-associated protein (Yap) promotes cell cycle progression. Here we show that an atypical cadherin Fat3, expressed highly in the neural tube, plays a critical role in maintaining proper number of proliferating progenitors. Knockdown of Fat3 in chick neural tube down-regulates expression of the proliferation markers but rather induces the expression of neural markers in the ventricular zone. We further show that deletion of Fat3 gene in mouse neural tube depletes neural progenitors, accompanied by neuronal gene expression in the ventral ventricular zone of the spinal cord. Finally, we found that Fat3 regulates the phosphorylation level of Lats1/2, the upstream kinase of Yap, resulting in dephosphorylation and stabilization of Yap, suggesting Yap as a key downstream effector of Fat3. Our study uncovers another layer of regulatory mechanisms in controlling the activity of Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the size of neural progenitor pools in the developing spinal cord.
Circ_0047339 promotes the activation of fibroblasts and affects the development of urethral stricture by targeting the miR-4691-5p/TSP-1 axis
Authors: Ding Ke , Li Daoyuan , Zhang Rui , Zuo Meilin
Published: August 2022

Urethral stricture is related to scar tissue fibrosis, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of circular RNA (circRNA) in the occurrence and development of urethral stricture. CircRNA microarray was employed to analyze circRNA expression profiles between human urethral scar tissue and normal urethral tissue. The results of circRNA microarray showed that there were 296 differentially expressed genes between urethral scar tissue and normal urethral tissue. The enrichment analysis of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes showed that these circRNAs were significantly correlated with ECM–receptor interaction. The first nine differentially expressed circRNA were selected to predict the circRNA–miRNA network. RT-qPCR results showed that circ_0047339 was upregulated considerably in urethral scar tissue. Urethral scar fibroblasts were isolated from human urethral scar tissue and cultured in vitro. After silencing circ_0047339, the proliferation of urethral scar cells decreased significantly, and the expressions of Collagen I (COL-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) also reduced. As a competing endogenous RNA, circ_0047339 could increase the expression of TSP-1 by competitively binding miR-4691-5p. In addition, miR-4691-5p mimic transfection could inhibit the proliferation of urethral scar fibroblasts and the presentation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), α-SMA and COL-1, while circ_0047339 overexpression eliminated this inhibition. Our results showed that circ_0047339 might promote the growth and fibrosis of urethral scar fibroblasts through miR-4691-5p/TSP-1 axis, thus promoting the development of urethral stricture.
Large emergent optoelectronic enhancement in molecularly cross-linked gold nanoparticle nanosheets
Authors: Gravelsins Steven , Park Myung Jin , Niewczas Marek , Hyeong Seok-Ki , Lee Seoung-Ki , Ahmed Aftab , Dhirani Al-Amin
Published: August 2022

A central goal in molecular electronics and optoelectronics is to translate tailorable molecular properties to larger materials and to the device level. Here, we present a method to fabricate molecularly cross-linked, self-assembled 2D nanoparticle sheets (X-NS). Our method extends a Langmuir approach of self-assembling gold nanoparticle (NP) arrays at an air-water interface by replacing the liquid sub-phase to an organic solvent to enable cross-linking with organic molecules, and then draining the sub-phase to deposit films. Remarkably, X-NS comprising conjugated oligophenylene dithiol cross-linkers (HS-(C6H4)n-SH, 1 ≤ n ≤ 3) exhibit increasing conductance with molecule length, ~6 orders of magnitude enhancement in UV-Vis extinction coefficients, and photoconductivity with molecule vs. NP contributions varying depending on the excitation wavelength. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) analyses and control measurements indicate that these effects can be modeled provided the local complex dielectric constant is strongly modified upon cross-linking. This suggests quantum hybridization at a molecule–band (q-MB) level. Given the vast number of molecules and nano-building blocks available, X-NS have potential to significantly increase the range of available 2D nanosheets and associated quantum properties.
A fluorescent probe strategy for the detection and discrimination of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite in cells
Authors: Bolland Hannah R. , Hammond Ester M. , Sedgwick Adam C.
Published: August 2022

We report a fluorescent probe strategy that provides the potential to detect and discriminate hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite in cells.
Kinetically controlled narcissistic self-sorting of Pd(ii)-linked self-assemblies from structurally similar tritopic ligands
Authors: Abe Tsukasa , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Hiraoka Shuichi
Published: August 2022

A metastable narcissistic self-sorted state was generated from structurally similar tritopic ligands depending on the pathway and the leaving-ligand, which cannot be realized under thermodynamic control.
Systematics of vibrational properties of Au nanoparticles: a molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Bertoldi Dalía S. , Fernández Guillermet A.
Published: August 2022

Debye temperatures versus N−1/3 for Au nanoparticles from the MD simulated VDOS using MEAM and EAM potentials.
Mathematical model based on staircase structure for porous electrode impedance
Authors: Ogihara Nobuhiro , Itou Yuichi
Published: August 2022

A mathematical model based on a staircase structure is proposed to explain various electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of ideal and non-ideal models or uniform and non-uniform processes in porous electrodes.
Optical axis-driven modulation of near-field radiative heat transfer between two calcite parallel structures
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Hu Yang , Han Qing , Liu Haotuo , Sun Yasong , Wu Xiaohu
Published: August 2022

The influences of the optical axis orientation of calcite on the near-field radiative heat transfer between two calcite parallel structures were investigated.
BODIPY and dipyrrin as unexpected robust anchoring groups on TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Jayworth Josephine A. , Capobianco Matt D. , Liu Han-Yu , Decavoli Cristina , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W.
Published: August 2022

Dipyrrin and BODIPY molecules can bind tightly to TiO2 surfaces when lacking substituents in the 3,5 positions. This offers a new strategy for anchoring molecules onto surfaces with a simple synthesis and ultrafast electron injection.
On the non-existence of a square-planar pentaiodide coordination complex I(i)4−
Authors: Kloo Lars
Published: August 2022

The coordination complex form of the pentaiodide ion represents a meta-stable isomer of the ubiquitous and archetypical V-shaped I5− ion, although it so far has not been identified in any isolated polyiodide compound.
Lamellar structured Ni3P2O8: first-ever use to design 1.8 V operated flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Agarwal Akanksha , Sankapal Babasaheb R.
Published: August 2022

First-ever designed symmetric Ni3P2O8 flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor operating at 1.8 V with neutral gel electrolyte.
Disproportionation of nitrogen induced by DC plasma-driven electrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Pattyn C. , Maira N. , Buddhadasa M. , Vervloessem E. , Iseni S. , Roy N. C. , Remy A. , Delplancke M.-P. , De Geyter N. , Reniers F.
Published: August 2022

A simultaneous oxidation and reduction of nitrogen is performed for nitrogen fixation with a DC plasma-electrolysis operated in N2.
Solvent-free aerobic photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes over ZnO/C3N4
Authors: Jiang Xulu , Wang Weitao , Wang Huan , He Zhen-Hong , Yang Yang , Wang Kuan , Liu Zhao-Tie , Han Buxing
Published: August 2022

Benzyl alcohol can exclusively yield 99.8% benzaldehyde over a Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of ZnO/C3N4 under solvent-free aerobic photocatalytic oxidation conditions.
Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. Part 65. Novel diansa-spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes: synthesis, characterization, bioactivity and electrochemical properties, and dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication studies
Authors: Mutlu Gürcü , Okumuş Aytuğ , Elmas Gamze , Kılıç Zeynel , Güzel Remziye , Sabah Büşra Nur , Açık Leyla , Mergen Hatice , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: August 2022

The syntheses, structural, stereogenic and electrochemical properties, dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and DNA-binding activities of mono-ferrocenyl-2,4-ansa-6,8-ansa-spirocyclotetraphosphazenes were studied.
Theoretical investigation of triplet potential energy surfaces for (C^C*) cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes and the corresponding control strategies
Authors: Luo Yafei , Xu Jiayu , Chen Zhongzhu , Xu Zhigang , Tang Dianyong
Published: August 2022

Triplet potential energy surfaces, for phosphorescent materials, play a predominant role in determining the radiative and non-radiative decay processes.
Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic and biological stability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Chen Yu , Yu Dongkun , Liu Zhenghui , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: August 2022

The thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic and biological stability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are reviewed.
Synthesis of MgAl-LDH@ZIF-8 composites by in situ growth method for highly efficient phosphate removal
Authors: Dai Zi , Zhang Jilin , Zhao Xiaoya , Liu Xiaoxun , Lei Yunyun , Liu Guixia
Published: August 2022

The main adsorption mechanism for phosphate removal from MgAl-LDH@ZIF-8 composites includes electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and ligand exchange.
Corrosion inhibition and disinfection of central heating and cooling water systems using in situ generated hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Cao Ye , Xu Yue , Li Qi , Rose Ruth-Sarah , Abrahams Isaac , Jones Christopher R. , Sheriff Tippu S.
Published: August 2022

MnCl2·4H2O and Tiron (disodium 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate) rapidly remove O2 from aqueous solution at pH 7.50–11.0 and 20–50 °C using hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as reducing substrate and acts as an anti-corrosion and anti-bacterial formulation.
An ab initio investigation of the temperature-dependent energetic barriers towards CrAlB and (Mo,Cr)AlB formation in a metastable synthesis scenario
Authors: Bogdanovski Dimitri , Pöllmann Peter J. , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: August 2022

The temperature-dependent energetics of the (Mo,Cr)AlB system are explored via density-functional theory calculations, predicting that alloying with small amounts of Mo stabilizes Cr-rich quaternary compositions at finite temperatures.
Synthesis and properties of ABA-triblock copolymers from polyester A-blocks and easily degradable polyacetal B-blocks
Authors: Cichoń Karolina , Kost Bartłomiej , Basko Malgorzata
Published: August 2022

Novel, degradable amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers with a polyacetal chain as the hydrophilic internal block and polyesters as external hydrophobic segments were designed and prepared for the first time in a controlled manner.
Visible-light-mediated multi-component carbene transfer reactions of α-diazoesters to construct multisubstituted pyrazoles and 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives
Authors: Ding Hongyu , Wang Zhiwei , Qu Chengming , Lv Yufen , Zhao Xiaohui , Wei Wei
Published: August 2022

A visible-light-promoted strategy has been developed for the assembly of multisubstituted pyrazoles and 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives via a multi-component carbene transfer reaction of α-diazoesters.
Towards time resolved characterization of electrochemical reactions: electrochemically-induced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: D'Amario Luca , Stella Maria Bruna , Edvinsson Tomas , Persico Maurizio , Messinger Johannes , Dau Holger
Published: August 2022

Structural characterization of transient electrochemical species in the sub-millisecond time scale is the all-time wish of any electrochemist.
State-resolved infrared spectrum of the protonated water dimer: revisiting the characteristic proton transfer doublet peak
Authors: Larsson Henrik R. , Schröder Markus , Beckmann Richard , Brieuc Fabien , Schran Christoph , Marx Dominik , Vendrell Oriol
Published: August 2022

We reveal the intricate dynamics of the proton shuttling motion in the Zundel ion by computing 900 high-accuracy vibrational eigenstates. We show how very subtle energetic changes in the vibrational modes lead to vastly different infrared spectra.
Thermal stable zinc-based hybrid halides with high external quantum efficiency as temperature detectors
Authors: Zhang Xusheng , Xiong Yan , Liu Kunjie , Wang Na , Fan Liubing , Li Weiwei , Zhao Xiaobin , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin
Published: August 2022

(C9H15N3)ZnCl4with a very high external quantum efficiency and thermal quenching temperature was obtained. (C9H15N3)ZnCl4 : Mn2+(5%) exhibited photoluminescence response, which may be applied as low temperature detectors.
Reactive sulfur species and their significance in health and disease
Authors: Iciek Małgorzata , Bilska-Wilkosz Anna , Kozdrowicki Michał , Górny Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) have been recognized in the last two decades as very important molecules in redox regulation. They are involved in metabolic processes and, in this way, they are responsible for maintenance of health. This review summarizes current information about the essential biological RSS, including H2S, low molecular weight persulfides, protein persulfides as well as organic and inorganic polysulfides, their synthesis, catabolism and chemical reactivity. Moreover, the role of RSS disturbances in various pathologies including vascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, neurological diseases, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in the most current problem of COVID-19 is presented. The significance of RSS in aging is also mentioned. Finally, the possibilities of using the precursors of various forms of RSS for therapeutic purposes are discussed.
Negative regulation of seed germination by maternal AFB1 and AFB5 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yixing , Goertz Nadjeschda J. , Rillo Emily , Yang Ming
Published: August 2022

The plant hormone auxin suppresses seed germination, but how auxin does it remains poorly understood. While studying the functions of the AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) auxin co-receptors in Arabidopsis, we consistently isolated AFB1 and AFB5 in reproductive tissues in co-immunoprecipitation experiments using their interacting protein ASK1 as the bait. However, T2 seeds of the AFB1 or AFB5 transgenic lines generated for the co-immunoprecipitation experiments frequently failed to germinate, which led to the studies of seed germination in these plants and afb1 and afb5 mutants, and AFB1 and AFB5 expression in nearly mature fruit and imbibed seeds using AFB1:GUS and AFB5:GUS lines. We found that AFB1 and AFB5 acted in maternal tissues to suppress seed germination and their effects were positively correlated with the plants’ sensitivity to indole acetic acid. Conversely, afb1 and afb5 single mutants exhibited faster seed germination than the wild type and the seeds of the afb1-5afb5-5 double mutant germinated even faster than those of the afb1-5 and afb5-5 single mutants. Seed germination of the afb1-5afb5-5 double mutant also exhibited higher sensitivity to gibberellic acid than that of the wild-type and the afb1-3, afb1-5 and afb5-5 single mutants. Both AFB1 and AFB5 were expressed in the funiculus during seed maturation, and AFB1 was also transiently expressed in a small chalazal region surrounding the hilum in the seed coat during seed imbibition. Therefore, AFB1 and AFB5 likely suppress seed germination in the funiculus and AFB1 also briefly suppresses seed germination in the chalaza during seed imbibition.
Factors Predicting Mental Effort Associated With Verbal Fluency: Cue Types, Switching, and Fear of Negative Evaluation
Authors: Lam Boji P. W. , Marquardt Thomas P.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Verbal fluency, a task frequently employed in neuropsychological assessment, provides important word productivity data but little information about subjective effort associated with demand monitoring and resource allocation. In two experiments, this study investigated the effects of task variables (semantic vs. phonemic cues; alternating vs. nonalternating conditions) and personal factors (fear of negative evaluation and trait anxiety) on subjective effort for a wide variety of verbal fluency tasks in neurotypical individuals.

Method:

Twenty-one adults completed eight verbal fluency tasks in Experiment 1. The tasks were selected to examine effort reported for verbal fluency that differed in (a) cue types and (b) the disruptions of clustering strategies. In Experiment 2, a separate group of 50 adults completed two verbal fluency tasks twice in separate sessions. Participants also completed social–emotional measures including fear of negative evaluation and trait anxiety. Working memory was assessed as a control variable.

Results:

Experiment 1 showed greater effort for completing semantic than phonemic cue tasks and greater effort for alternating than nonalternating conditions. Alternating semantic verbal fluency yielded the greatest effort among all tasks. Differences in effort could not be accounted for by performance alone. Experiment 2 showed that greater fear toward negative evaluation was associated with greater effort. The relationship between fear and effort was not related to trait anxiety or moderated by performance levels or repeated testing.

Conclusions:

Knowledge about factors that impact subjective effort in neurotypical individuals is fundamental to accurate interpretation of effort reported by clinical populations. This study demonstrated the multifaceted nature of subjective effort that could not be accounted for by performance alone. In addition to task variables, effort assessment needs to consider the impact of social–emotional factors such as fear toward negative evaluation.
The Impact of Self-Disclosure and Strategies for Communication Competence on Professors' Perceptions and Evaluations of Students Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Werle Danielle , Byrd Courtney T.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of self-disclosure and strategies for communication competence on perceptual ratings and performance evaluations of undergraduate students who do and do not stutter by professors who require oral presentations.

Method:

Two hundred thirty-eight college instructors who require oral presentations in their classes participated in this study. Each participant viewed one video of six possible randomized conditions varying according to the presence and disclosure of stuttering (i.e., fluent, stuttering, stuttering + disclosure) and level of communication competence (i.e., high vs. low). Participants evaluated public speaking performance against a standardized rubric and rated the student along 16 personality traits.

Results:

Results of separate 2 × 3 analyses of variance revealed that professors perceived a student who disclosed stuttering, compared to the identical video without disclosure, more positively overall. Significant interactions between fluency (i.e., presence vs. absence of stuttering vs. disclosure of stuttering) and communication competence (i.e., high vs. low) were found for overall performance evaluation scores. The video during which the student disclosed stuttering and presented with low communication competence was given a higher score than the identical video without disclosure.

Conclusions:

Professors respond positively to both strategies for high communication competence and self-disclosure. High communication competence behaviors mitigate positive feedback bias. Disclosure results in improved positive perceptions across levels of communication competence. For students presenting with low communication competence, disclosure may improve evaluation of performance in oral presentations. The greatest perceptual and evaluative benefits were achieved with the combination of the two strategies.
Quantum algorithms for attacking hardness assumptions in classical and post‐quantum cryptography
Authors: Biasse J.‐F. , Bonnetain X. , Kirshanova E. , Schrottenloher A. , Song F.
Published: August 2022

In this survey, the authors review the main quantum algorithms for solving the computational problems that serve as hardness assumptions for cryptosystem. To this end, the authors consider both the currently most widely used classically secure cryptosystems, and the most promising candidates for post‐quantum secure cryptosystems. The authors provide details on the cost of the quantum algorithms presented in this survey. The authors furthermore discuss ongoing research directions that can impact quantum cryptanalysis in the future.
The complex dynamical past and future of double eclipsing binary CzeV343: Misaligned orbits and period resonance
Authors: Pejcha Ondřej , Cagaš Pavel , Landri Camille , Fausnaugh Michael M. , De Rosa Gisella , Prieto Jose L. , Henzl Zbyněk , Pešta Milan
Published: August 2022

CzeV343 (=V849 Aur) was previously identified as a candidate double eclipsing binary (2+2 quadruple), where the orbital periods of the two eclipsing binaries (PA ≈ 1.2 days and PB ≈ 0.8 days) lie very close to a 3:2 resonance. Here, we analyze 11 yr of ground-based photometry, four sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 2-min and full-frame photometry, and two optical spectra. We construct a global model of our photometry, including apsidal motion of binary A and the light-travel time effect (LTTE) of the mutual outer orbit, and explore the parameter space with Markov chain Monte Carlo. We estimate component masses for binary A (1.8 + 1.3 M⊙) and binary B (1.4 + 1.2 M⊙). We identify the pseudo-synchronous rotation signal of binary A in TESS photometry. We detect apsidal motion in binary A with a period of about 33 yr, which is fully explained by tidal and rotational contributions of stars aligned with the orbit. The mutual orbit has a period of about 1450 days and an eccentricity of about 0.7. The LTTE amplitude is small, which points to low inclination of the outer orbit and a high degree of misalignment with the inner orbits. We find that when apsidal motion and the mutual orbit are taken into account, the orbital period resonance is exact to within 10−5 cycles/day. Many properties of CzeV343 are not compatible with requirements of the 3:2 resonance capture theory for coplanar orbits. Future evolution of CzeV343 can lead to mergers, triple common envelope, double white dwarf binaries, or a Type Ia supernova. More complex evolutionary pathways will likely arise from dynamical instability caused by orbital expansion when either of the binaries undergoes mass transfer. This instability has not been explored so far in 2+2 quadruples.
Palliative Care Kompetenzen im Bachelorstudium Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege. Ergebnisse einer Nominalgruppenbefragung in Österreich im Rahmen des EU-Projekts NurseEduPal@euro
Authors: Egger-Rainer Andrea , Weck Christiane , Paal Piret , Bublitz Sarah K. , Lex Katharina , Lorenzl Stefan , Brandstötter Cornelia
Published: August 2022

Ziel der Studie Zur Definition einer europaweit einheitlichen Mindestqualifikation von Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger:innen in Palliative Care werden im Erasmus+-Projekt NurseEduPal@euro curriculare Empfehlungen für das Bachelorstudium erarbeitet. Ziel dieser Studie war die Erstellung einer Konsensliste zu pflegerischen Kernkompetenzen mit österreichischen Expert:innen.

Methodik Im Mai 2021 wurden 8 Expert:innen nach der Nominalgruppentechnik befragt. Die Daten wurden sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 47 Ideen generiert. Zu den wichtigsten Kompetenzen zählten Ethik, Achtung und Haltung, rechtliche Grundlagen, Forschung, Selbstreflexion, der Umgang mit Sterbewunsch, Trauer, Sterben und Tod, Symptommanagement, Pflegediagnostik, Kommunikation und kulturelle Kompetenz.

Schlussfolgerung Die gesammelten Ideen bilden einen Expert:innenkonsens und dienen als Anknüpfungspunkt für weitere Forschungsarbeiten.
Efficient Catalyst-Free Henry Reaction between Nitroalkanes and Aldehydes or Trifluoromethyl Ketones Promoted by Tap Water
Authors: Du Zhi-Hong , Da Chao-Shan , Yuan Meng , Tao Bao-Xiu , Ding Tie-Ying
Published: August 2022

The first examples of highly effective Henry reactions between nitroalkanes and aldehydes or trifluoromethyl ketones that proceed under catalyst-free and additive-free conditions, in a recyclable tap water medium, and at room temperature are reported. This process tolerates a broad range of aldehydes and trifluoromethyl ketones to give a series of β-nitro alcohol products in excellent yields. Such products are widely used in the syntheses of pharmaceutical intermediates and natural products. This protocol can be successfully scaled up to a 50-mmol scale without a reduction in yield. Tap water from different locations in China exhibited pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.1, but the varying pH had no effect on the yield and the processes were successfully reproduced. Finally, the tap water was effectively recovered and reused without any postprocessing, even when the reaction substrates were different.
Biobehavioral Interventions in Headache Treatment
Authors: Weeks Randall E.
Published: August 2022

Headaches may be highly disabling and can have significant direct and indirect costs for the individual, family, and society. Biobehavioral factors are important variables in the assessment and treatment of headache. As a patient's headache frequency and disability increases, comorbid cognitive and behavioral variables may be important treatment considerations in the comprehensive management. This article will discuss various behavioral factors that the headache practitioner should consider when making a headache diagnosis and formulating a treatment strategy. Biobehavioral interventions (e.g., relaxation training, electromyographic training, thermal biofeedback, mindfulness, and cognitive–behavior therapy) and their efficacy will be described and reviewed, but neuromodulation and noninvasive devices are outside the scope of this article.
Strain-Induced Regioselective Ring-Opening Cross-Metathesis of Hybrid Cage Propellane Containing both Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Units
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mehta Gulazarahind
Published: August 2022

Herein, we report strain-driven regioselective tandem ring-opening cross-metathesis (ROCM) of a linearly fused cage system that contains both bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene and bicyclo[2.2.2]octene units fused to the same cage system. The synthesis of novel cage propellane involves Diels–Alder cycloaddition and [2+2] photocycloaddition as key steps.
Revisiting Concepts of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Brain Lesions: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Singh Bhanupriya , Yadav Rajlakshmi , Kumar Tushant , Kawlra Sandeep
Published: August 2022

Objective Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has emerged as a technique due to its ability to characterize the metabolite constituent of any lesion. We have evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) spectral patterns in different neoplastic brain lesions, using the ability of MRS in grading of gliomas. MRS also helps in differentiating between high-grade glioma and metastases.

Method A retrospective observational study in histologically confirmed cases of brain neoplasms in which MRS was performed as a part of preoperative MR imaging. The pattern of metabolite peak was observed and means with standard deviation of different metabolite ratios (choline/creatine, choline/N-acetylaspartate [NAA], NAA/creatine) were calculated for different tumors. Analysis was done to see statistically significant differences in metabolite ratios of different grades of gliomas and to differentiate high-grade gliomas from metastases.

Result A total of 61 cases with brain tumor were included in the study. Of which, 20 cases were of gliomas, 11 metastases, 9 meningiomas, 4 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 6 pituitary macroadenomas, 4 trigeminal schwannomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 acoustic schwannomas, and 2 medulloblastomas. Statistically significant differences in ratios of metabolite peaks were noted between different grades of gliomas and for high-grade glioma versus metastases.

Conclusion MRS compliments the MR imaging and stands out as problem-solving method to distinguish neoplastic lesions in selected cases and also has a role in grading of gliomas and in differentiation of types of malignancies.
Enlargement of the Pancreas in Children Diagnosed with Acute Pancreatitis: An Approach Based on P/V Ratio
Authors: Raut Dhanraj S. , Desai Shubhangi A. , Raje Dhananjay V. , Singh Dinesh , Dandge Vithalrao P.
Published: August 2022

Background Acute pancreatitis is a reversible inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Enlargement of the pancreas is often envisaged in such conditions. This study evaluates P/V ratio, as a marker to decide pancreatic enlargement in disease condition.

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop imaging-based diagnostic criterion for acute pancreatitis in children based on P/V ratio.

Material and Methods This study included 37 children with acute pancreatitis and 283 children asymptomatic for pancreatic disorders, from a single hospital center. The age of children ranged between 2 and 18 years. P/V ratio, which is the ratio of greatest anteroposterior dimension of the head, body, and tail of the pancreas relative to the transverse lumbar vertebral body, was obtained for each child through ultrasonographic examination. Age-adjusted receiver operating characteristics (AROC) analysis was performed on P/V ratio at presentation for each pancreatic region, and the sensitivity at 90% specificity, the threshold errors, and the corresponding cutoffs were obtained. The enlargement assessment was also done after clinical recovery by referring to the cutoffs of respective regions.

Results AROC analysis for males and females resulted into a maximum sensitivity of 83.33 and 81.67%, respectively, at 90% specificity for head. The error thresholds for both the groups were same, i.e., 0.098, indicating that 90% of the observations had errors less than the threshold. The corresponding P/V ratio cutoff for males and females was 0.43 and 0.42, respectively.

Conclusion Radiologists and clinicians can refer a cutoff value of 0.4 for each region, along with hypoechogenicity, to decide about enlargement of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis condition.
Microscopic probing of the doping effects of In ions in Fe3O4
Authors: Sato W. , Ishizaki R. , Shimizu H. , Sakaguchi M. , Tsutsui S.
Published: August 2022

Minute examination of local lattice structures in matter affected by impurity doping is of special importance for the development of functional materials. In order to obtain microscopic information on spinel ferrites, in the present work, we introduced nonmagnetic In3+ ions in Fe3O4 and probed their site selectivity and the doping effect on the local lattice structures and bulk magnetism by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopies. The Mössbauer parameters of the area intensity and isomer shift (IS) show that In3+ ions predominantly reside in the tetrahedral A site, especially at low doping level. With increasing concentration of In ions, however, they gradually occupy the octahedral B site replacing Fe3+ ions. Along with the site information, the IS values confirmed that the introduced In ions squeeze the B-site Fe ions at their nearest neighbors. Supporting results were obtained from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy; positron lifetimes become shorter with increasing In concentration, signifying that the oxygen ions are pressed by the introduced In ions resulting in lowering the volume of the adjacent lattice vacancies. The results of Doppler broadening spectroscopy also support the squeezing effect; the positrons in the vacancies adjacent to In ions are more likely to annihilate with the inner shell electrons of the surrounding oxygen ions as a result of a reduction in the vacancy volume.
Damping coefficient by long waves—viscoelastic mud–current interaction
Authors: Quesada A. , Bautista E. , Méndez F.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we study the damping of long linear waves propagating on a thin mud layer, which obeys a viscoelastic behavior, in the presence of a marine current; two cases are considered: (1) a current traveling in an opposite way to the wave propagation and (2) in the same way to the wave propagation. We obtain an asymptotic solution to the dimensionless governing equations, which allows identifying the competition between the different mechanisms involved to gain insight into the physics by which coastal mud responds to water waves. To determine the shear stresses into the viscoelastic mud, we have used the well-known Maxwell rheological model. At the interface water–mud, we assume the presence of a small Stokes' layer, and this condition allows us to consider the continuity of shear stresses and velocities at the interface. The effects of the mud physical parameters as well as the hydrodynamics impact of the water waves on the damping coefficient, fluid velocities, and shear stresses and on the free surface elevation are analyzed. The results show that the maximum value of the damping coefficient occurs when the mud thickness is of the same order of magnitude as the Stokes' layer and for increments of the current magnitude traveling in an opposite way to the wave propagation. The asymptotic solution is compared with solutions reported in the specialized literature and the results adjust properly.
Development of non-equiatomic Bio-HEAs based on TiZrNbTa-(Mo and Mn)
Authors: Torrento Jhuliene Elen , Sousa Tiago dos Santos Pereira de , Cristino da Cruz Nilson , Santos de Almeida Gerson , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando , Grandini Carlos Roberto , Nespeque Correa Diego Rafael
Published: August 2022

This study produced non-equiatomic TiNbZrTaMn and TiNbZrTaMo high entropy alloy (HEAs) by argon arc-melting and heat-treated for microstructural homogenization. The phase composition, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties were measured and compared with theoretical predictions. Additionally, electrochemical and cytotoxicity tests evaluated their potential applicability for use as biomaterials. X-ray diffraction measurements patterns showed a single BCC phase for the TiNbZrTaMn and a secondary HCP phase for the TiNbZrTaMo sample. The microstructural analysis revealed the formation of irregular grain boundaries and some lamellae formation, with chemical segregation of the alloying elements at the sub-micro-scale. The samples exhibited elastic modulus (80–110 GPa) closer to CP-Ti grade 2 (100 GPa) and higher Vickers microhardness (450–550 HV) than Ti–6Al–4V alloy (400 HV). The electrochemical and biological tests indicated a superior corrosion resistance against 0.9% NaCl solution compared with commercial metallic biomaterials, with proper cell adhesion and viability of pre-osteoblastic cells and hydrophilic behavior. Altogether, the data indicate that TiNbZrTaMn depicts better applicability potential for being used as a biomaterial in biomedical applications than some commercial materials (SS 316L, CP-Ti grade 2, and Ti–6Al–4V), mainly considering load-bearing orthopedical implants.
Numerical simulation by a lattice Boltzmann method of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a discreetly heated cavity containing water near its density maximum
Authors: Kaba Salaheddine , Cheddadi Abdelkhalek , Achoubir Khalid , Semma Alami
Published: August 2022

A partially heated square cavity containing water near its density maximum is studied numerically by a lattice Boltzmann method. This paper investigates the effect of varying the size of the heated portion E as well as the imposed temperatures TH′ at the hot wall, which is modelized through the inversion parameter θ. Two thermal behaviors have been distinguished and discussed in light of the Nusselt number Nu computed at the cold wall TC′=0 °C and heatlines visualization: At E≤0.6, a unicellular structure obtained for θ=0.5 corresponding to TH′=6 °C leads to maximum heat transfer. At E>0.6, the maximum heat transfer is given by the bicellular structure obtained for θ=1.5 corresponding to TH′=10 °C. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that in certain cases, E≤0.6, the system reaches a maximum heat transfer at a low applied temperature TH′=6 °C.
GaN-on-GaN p-i-n diodes with avalanche capability enabled by eliminating surface leakage with hydrogen plasma treatment
Authors: Fu Kai , He Ziyi , Yang Chen , Zhou Jingan , Fu Houqiang , Zhao Yuji
Published: August 2022

Traditional mesa terminations require precise angle design to reduce the electric field at the edge and surface treatment to reduce etch damage. Otherwise, the device usually suffers a premature breakdown. This work proposes the use of easy-to-implement hydrogen plasma treatment to solve the premature breakdown caused by mesa and demonstrates the avalanche capability in GaN-on-GaN p-i-n diodes. The breakdown electric field when the avalanche occurred was ∼2.3 MV/cm at room temperature for a GaN drift layer with a doping concentration of ∼7 × 1015 cm−3, which is consistent with the theoretical value. The temperature coefficient of the avalanche breakdown voltage of the devices was 4.64–4.85 × 10−4 K−1. This work shows a simple and effective approach to achieve avalanche capability in vertical GaN power devices, which can serve as an important reference for the future development of efficient and robust GaN power electronics.