bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Positional Information for Session-Based Recommendation
Authors: Qiu Ruihong , Huang Zi , Chen Tong , Yin Hongzhi
Published: November 2021

For present e-commerce platforms, it is important to accurately predict users’ preference for a timely next-item recommendation. To achieve this goal, session-based recommender systems are developed, which are based on a sequence of the most recent user-item interactions to avoid the influence raised from outdated historical records. Although a session can usually reflect a user’s current preference, a local shift of the user’s intention within the session may still exist. Specifically, the interactions that take place in the early positions within a session generally indicate the user’s initial intention, while later interactions are more likely to represent the latest intention. Such positional information has been rarely considered in existing methods, which restricts their ability to capture the significance of interactions at different positions. To thoroughly exploit the positional information within a session, a theoretical framework is developed in this paper to provide an in-depth analysis of the positional information. We formally define the properties of
forward-awareness
and
backward-awareness
to evaluate the ability of positional encoding schemes in capturing the initial and the latest intention. According to our analysis, existing positional encoding schemes are generally
forward-aware
only, which can hardly represent the dynamics of the intention in a session. To enhance the positional encoding scheme for the session-based recommendation, a dual positional encoding (DPE) is proposed to account for both
forward-awareness
and
backward-awareness
. Based on DPE, we propose a novel Positional Recommender (PosRec) model with a well-designed Position-aware Gated Graph Neural Network module to fully exploit the positional information for session-based recommendation tasks. Extensive experiments are conducted on two e-commerce benchmark datasets,
Yoochoose
and
Diginetica
and the experimental results show the superiority of the PosRec by comparing it with the state-of-the-art session-based recommender models.
Federated Learning and Privacy
Authors: Bonawitz Kallista , Kairouz Peter , McMahan Brendan , Ramage Daniel
Published: November 2021

Centralized data collection can expose individuals to privacy risks and organizations to legal risks if data is not properly managed. Federated learning is a machine learning setting where multiple entities collaborate in solving a machine learning problem, under the coordination of a central server or service provider. Each client's raw data is stored locally and not exchanged or transferred; instead, focused updates intended for immediate aggregation are used to achieve the learning objective. This article provides a brief introduction to key concepts in federated learning and analytics with an emphasis on how privacy technologies may be combined in real-world systems and how their use charts a path toward societal benefit from aggregate statistics in new domains and with minimized risk to individuals and to the organizations who are custodians of the data.
Cognitive Science as a Source of Forward and Inverse Models of Human Decisions for Robotics and Control
Authors: Ho Mark K. , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: November 2021

Those designing autonomous systems that interact with humans will invariably face questions about how humans think and make decisions. Fortunately, computational cognitive science offers insight into human decision-making using tools that will be familiar to those with backgrounds in optimization and control (e.g., probability theory, statistical machine learning, and reinforcement learning). Here, we review some of this work, focusing on how cognitive science can provide forward models of human decision-making and inverse models of how humans think about others’ decision-making. We highlight relevant recent developments, including approaches that synthesize black box and theory-driven modeling, accounts that recast heuristics and biases as forms of bounded optimality, and models that characterize human theory of mind and communication in decision-theoretic terms. In doing so, we aim to provide readers with a glimpse of the range of frameworks, methodologies, and actionable insights that lie at the intersection of cognitive science and control research.
Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Chromium Conglomerates from Cr(III) Dissolved in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Influence of Forced Convection
Authors: Mejía-Caballero I. , Le Manh Tu , Aldana-González J. , Arce-Estrada E. M. , Romero-Romo M. , Campos-Silva I. , Ramírez-Silva M. T. , Palomar-Pardavé M.
Published: November 2021

In this work, Cr electrodeposition onto a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode (GCRDE) was studied from Cr(III) ions dissolved in the choline chloride and ethylene glycol eutectic mixture (ethaline) under different GCRDE angular speeds, ω, at 343 K. The ethaline kinematic viscosity,

ν

= 0.17

cm

2

s

−
1

,

was estimated, for the first time, from potentiodynamic plots under forced convection conditions, using the Levich equation. Cr electrodeposition was studied from the analysis of potentiostatic current density transients, j-t plots, recorded at different ω. This study was based on the model proposed by Hyde et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem., 534, 13 (2002)) for analysis of j-t plots due to 3D nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth under forced convection, j
dc-fcon(t), complemented by a previous adsorption step, j
ad(t), and the residual water reduction, jWR
(t), taking place on the growing surfaces of the Cr nuclei; thus, j

total
(t) = j
ad(t) + j
dc-fcon(t) + j
WR(t). The kinetic parameters, namely: nucleation frequency and number density of active sites for chromium nucleation onto the GCRDE showed small dependence on ω; however, the term j

WR
(t) clearly depends on the ω value. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the Cr electrodeposited on the GCRDE surfaces. It was observed that the electrodeposits were formed by quasi-spherical conglomerates (ca. 50 and 200 nm diameter for 0 and 1500 rpm, respectively) of nanoparticles (sized less than 30 nm diameter, in both cases). Moreover, these electrodeposits were formed by chromium and oxygen and its content increases with ω. These nanoparticles exhibit a core–shell structure, where the core was formed by metallic, zero valence chromium, and the shell of Cr(III) (as Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3), which was consistent with the theoretical mechanism used for the analysis of the j-t plots.
Music Intervention to Orthopedic Patients: A Possible Alternative Solution to Control Pain
Authors: Wang Chuchu , Tian Fanli
Published: November 2021

Aims and Objective. Pain is a common problem associated with postoperative orthopedic patients; the current study is aimed at evaluating music intervention as an alternative method to control pain. Methodology. The experimental design of the current study was comparative, descriptive, and quasi-experimental. 38 postoperative orthopedic patients were equipped with pocket-size MP3 players with prerecorded music tracks (instrumental and lyrical) in Hindi, English, and Urdu. After that, pre-post-pain scores were recorded with the help of designed brief patient logs. Ultimately, a satisfactory survey was completed at discharge. Major Findings. It was found that during the intervention of music, the pain was significantly reduced from 5.40 to 2.98. There was a slight relationship between listening time and pain relief. It was also found that the feedback was extremely positive and each patient suggested the use of music to others with 96.6% recommendation. Conclusion. From the current study, it was found that music intervention can be beneficial to postoperative patient pain control. Further, it is hoped that the findings of the current experimental work will lead to improvements in the care of postoperative patients.
Analysis of Psychological and Emotional Tendency Based on Brain Functional Imaging and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Lin
Published: November 2021

When facing various pressures, human beings will have different degrees of bad psychological emotions, especially depression and anxiety. How to effectively obtain psychological data signals and use advanced intelligent technology to identify and make decisions is a research hotspot in psychology and computer science. Therefore, a personal emotional tendency analysis method based on brain functional imaging and deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the EEG forward model is established according to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the transfer matrix from the signal source at the cerebral cortex to the head surface electrode is obtained. Therefore, the activation results of fMRI emotional experiment can be mapped to the three-layer head model to obtain the EEG topographic map reflecting the degree of emotional correlation. Then, combining data enhancement (Mixup) with three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN), an emotion-related EEG topographic map classification method based on M-3DCNN is proposed. Mixup is used to generate virtual data, the original data and virtual data are used to train the network together, the number of training samples is expanded, the overfitting phenomenon of 3D-CNN is alleviated, and 3D-CNN is used for feature extraction and classification. Experimental data analysis shows that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method can retain emotion related EEG signals to a greater extent and obtain a higher accuracy of emotion five classifications under the same feature dimension.
Relative Gottlieb Groups of Embeddings between Complex Grassmannians
Authors: Gatsinzi J. B.
Published: November 2021

Let

Gr

k
,
n

be the complex Grassmann manifold of

k

-linear subspaces in

ℂ

n

. We compute rational relative Gottlieb groups of the embedding

i
:
Gr

k
,
n

⟶
Gr

k
,
n
+
r

and show that the

G

-sequence is exact if

r
≥
k

n
−
k

.
Automatic Algorithm for Fractal Plant Art Image Similarity Feature Generation
Authors: Liu Zhizhe , Sun Luo
Published: November 2021

With the popularity of smart devices and the Internet, the volume of multimedia data is growing rapidly, and content-based image retrieval (CBIR) can search for similar images from large-scale images to realize the utilization of the data. For data owners, outsourcing the management and maintenance of image data to cloud service providers can effectively reduce costs, but there is a privacy leakage problem. In this paper, we focus on image feature extraction, index design, and image similarity recognition methods under a dual server model with content-based image security similarity recognition as the research topic, the work done such as proposing a BOVW (Bag of Visual Word) feature-based image security similarity recognition scheme. The scheme combines SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) feature secure extraction and locally sensitive hashing algorithm to achieve secure extraction of BOVW features of images. To protect the BOVW features of images, an inverted index based on word frequency division is designed, the index is stored in chunks, and an image secure similarity recognition scheme based on CNN (convolutional neural networks) features is proposed. The scalable hash index based on dimensional division is designed based on the image CNN features secure extraction algorithm. The security and performance of the proposed scheme are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. Based on different image datasets, the impact of different parameters on the performance of the scheme is tested, and optimized parameters are given. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme in this paper can effectively improve the efficiency of analyzing the similarity of plant botanical art images compared to the existing schemes.
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Diagnosis and Neovascular Activity Evaluation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Azar Georges , Vasseur Vivien , Lahoud Corinne , Favard Catherine , De Bats Flore , Cochereau Isabelle , Yachvitz Amélie , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To examine choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characteristics in patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), using swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS‐OCTA), and investigate agreement with OCT B‐scan, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) by two different examiners. Methods. This is a retrospective multicentric study that involved patients with a history of AMD and PCV. Examiner A, who had access to OCTA, B‐scan OCT, FFA, and ICGA imaging, had to differentiate between AMD and PCV, study the activity of AMD using Coscas’ criteria (active vs. quiescent), and categorize PCV subtypes, while examiner B had only access to OCTA. Then, the diagnostic concordance was assessed between both examiners. Results. A total of 27 patients (11 females (40.7%) and 16 males (59.3%), P = 0.231) were included in the analysis. Among those, 13 patients presented with neovascular AMD and 14 patients with PCV. There were 92.3% of correct answers regarding appropriate diagnosis and lesion characterization among AMD patients, against 61.5% of correct answers among PCV patients. The overall interrater reliability agreement between examiners, using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.70 (0.5082‐0.8916). Disagreement was found with one active AMD misdiagnosed as inactive AMD, three inactive PCV misdiagnosed as inactive AMD, and one inactive PCV misdiagnosed as active AMD. Conclusion. SS‐OCTA alone remains limited in some specific phenotypes of PCV, which suggests the ongoing role of B‐scan OCT associated with FFA and ICGA in the diagnosis of these conditions.
Hierarchical Contaminated Web Page Classification Based on Meta Tag Denoising Disposal
Authors: Song Xiang , Zhu Yi , Zeng Xuemei , Chen Xingshu
Published: November 2021

Web page classification is critical for information retrieval. Most web page classification methods have the following two faults: (1) need to analyze based on the overall web page and (2) do not pay enough attention to the existence of noise information inside the web page, which will thus decrease the efficiency and classification performance, especially when classifying the contaminated web page. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a denoising disposal algorithm. We choose the top-down method for hierarchical classification to improve the prediction efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is about 7 times faster than the full-page method and achieves good classification results in most categories. The precision of 7 parent categories is all above 88% and is 24% higher than the other meta tag-based method on average.
Medical and Health Data Classification Method Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zeng Yu , Cheng Fuchao
Published: November 2021

The information defined in medical health data is researched based on machine learning-related algorithms. Also, this paper used random forest and other related algorithms to perform health data training and fitting. Research shows that the algorithm proposed in the paper can improve the progress of health data classification. The algorithm can provide technical support for the improvement of medical data classification.
Image Quality Evaluation of a Digital Radiography System Made in Thailand
Authors: Techavipoo Udomchai , Sinsuebphon Nattawut , Prompalit Sakunrat , Thongvigitmanee Saowapak , Narkbuakaew Walita , Kiang-ia Atthasak , Srivongsa Tanapon , Thajchayapong Pairash , Chaumrattanakul Utairat
Published: November 2021

Background. The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) in Thailand researched and prototyped digital radiography systems under the brand name BodiiRay aiming for sustainable development and affordability of medical imaging technology. The image restoration and enhancement were implemented for the systems. Purpose. The image quality of the systems was evaluated using images from phantoms and from healthy volunteers. Methods. The survey phantom images from BodiiRay and other two commercial systems using the exposure settings for the chest, the abdomen, and the extremity were evaluated by three experience observers in terms of the high‐contrast image resolution, the low‐contrast image detectability, and the grayscale differentiation. The volunteer images of the chests, the abdomens, and the extremities from BodiiRay were evaluated by three specialized radiologists based on visual grading on 5‐point scaled questionnaires for the anatomy visibility, the image quality satisfaction, and the diagnosis confidence in using the images. Results. BodiiRay phantom results were similar to those from the commercial systems. The overall performance averaged across the exposure settings showed that BodiiRay was slightly better than Fujifilm FDR Go in the low‐contrast detectability (p = 0.033) and in the grayscale differentiation (p = 0.004). It was also slightly better than Siemens YSIO Max in the high‐contrast resolution (p = 0.018). The images of chest, pelvis, and hand phantoms illustrated comparable visual quality. For volunteer images, the percentage of the images scored ≥4 ranged from 61% to 99%, 23% to 92%, and 96% to 99% for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively. The average score ranged from 3.63 to 4.46, 3.18 to 4.21, and 4.41 to 4.51 for the chest, abdomen, and extremity images, respectively. Conclusion. The phantom image results showed the comparability of these systems. The clinical evaluation showed BodiiRay images provided sufficient image qualities for digital radiography of these body parts.
Research on the Mechanism of the Influence of Earthquake‐Induced Landslides on the Stress and Deformation Characteristics of Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Yufang , Liu Hongyu , Li Jian , Huang Qidi , Ma Xianjie , Li Wei
Published: November 2021

The landslide at the entrance of a railway tunnel in the southwestern region is relatively large, especially due to earthquakes and other factors, which are prone to severe disasters and threaten the safety of the tunnel. Through the long‐term monitoring test and numerical calculation analysis on‐site, the mechanism of the influence of the earthquake‐induced landslide on the characteristics of the tunnel’s force and deformation is studied. The research results show that the earthquake caused the landslide thrust to increase. Because of the existence of the supporting structure, the landslide thrust was consumed, and the remaining part resulted in the compression failure of the tunnel. During the seismic monitoring period, the stress loss of the antislide pile anchor cable was 3.73% and the stress of the second lining of the tunnel increased by 25%. Under the condition of extreme seismic, shear failure occurred at the vault, bottom, and waist of the right‐line tunnel, and the tensile strength of the right‐line tunnel reached 93.8% of the limit value. For the weak links of the tunnel structure, dense reinforcement planting and strengthening of concrete strength should be adopted to enhance the safety of the tunnel structure. While designing the supporting structure, the rock‐socketing depth of the antislide piles and the number of antislide piles should be considered a priority. The impact of the antislide pile spacing is relatively small.
Current-Component Independent Transition Form Factors for Semileptonic and Rare
D
⟶
π

K

Decays in the Light-Front Quark Model
Authors: Choi Ho-Meoyng
Published: November 2021

We investigate the exclusive semileptonic and rare

D
⟶
π

K

decays within the standard model together with the light-front quark model (LFQM) constrained by the variational principle for the QCD-motivated effective Hamiltonian. The form factors are obtained in the

q

+

=
0

frame and then analytically continue to the physical timelike region. Together with our recent analysis of the current-component independent form factors

f

±

q

2

for the semileptonic decays, we present the current-component independent tensor form factor

f

T

q

2

for the rare decays to make the complete set of hadronic matrix elements regulating the semileptonic and rare

D
⟶
π

K

decays in our LFQM. The tensor form factor

f

T

q

2

are obtained from two independent sets

J

T

+

⊥

,

J

T

+

−

of the tensor current

J

T

u
v

. As in our recent analysis of

f

−

q

2

, we show that

f

T

q

2

obtained from the two different sets of the current components gives the identical result in the valence region of the

q

+

=
0

frame without involving the explicit zero modes and the instantaneous contributions. The implications of the zero modes and the instantaneous contributions are also discussed in comparison between the manifestly covariant model and the standard LFQM. In our numerical calculations, we obtain the

q

2

-dependent form factors (

f

±

,

f

T

) for

D
⟶
π

K

and branching ratios for the semileptonic

D
⟶
π

K

ℓ

v

ℓ

ℓ
=
e
,
μ

decays. Our results show in good agreement with the available experimental data as well as other theoretical model predictions.
Carnosic Acid Induces Antiproliferation and Anti-Metastatic Property of Esophageal Cancer Cells via MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Jiang Sicong , Qiu Yinda , Wang Zhaozhen , Ji Yulong , Zhang Xiaofang , Yan Xiaosong , Zhan Zhiqiang
Published: November 2021

Background. Carnosic acid (CA) is a polyphenolic diterpene extracted from rosemary. Reports have shown that CA possesses anticancer activity. However, whether CA inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, an aggressive type of esophageal cancer, remains untested. Methods. The effects of CA on cell survival, migration, and apoptosis were evaluated by a combination of MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay. The potential signaling pathways involved were investigated via Western blot assay. Results. CA dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and colony formation. Mechanistically, CA arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, promoted cell apoptosis, induced DNA damage, and inhibited the MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion. Our results suggest that CA is a potential anticancer drug for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
Authors: Raza Muhammad Akarm , Kanwal Zakia , Shahid Ambreen , Fatima Shafaq , Sajjad Amna , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to assess the induced nanotoxicity of arsenic nanoparticles (AsNPs) on different organs of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. AsNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using sodium arsenite as precursor, ice‐cold sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the solution pH. The synthesized AsNPs were characterized by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for optical, structural, and morphological investigations. The UV‐Vis absorption peaks occurring at around 300 nm indicated the presence of AsNPs in colloidal sample. The rhombohedral crystalline nature and metallic purity of AsNPs with crystallite size of 30 ± 1 nm were confirmed by characteristic peaks of XRD pattern. The SEM micrograph revealed the almost spherical shape and 40 ± 10 nm average size prepared AsNPs. For assessment of induced nanotoxicity, juveniles of Labeo rohita (L. rohita) were exposed to three different concentrations of AsNPs (namely, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L) for 30 days (n = 15 per group), and the control fish was kept untreated. It was observed that the routine behavior activities (such as swimming, mutual interactions, and feed intake) were affected by AsNPs. The growth of AsNPs treated fish was found retarded as compared to the control fish. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were low in the AsNPs treated fish. Immunobiochemical assays revealed that protein level was altered in the AsNPs treated fish. The levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were low in the treated fish. The histological alteration induced by AsNPs in liver, gills, and kidneys demonstrated the damage in form of glomerulus shrinkage, vacuolation, inflammation, necrosis, lamellar disorganization, and hemorrhage in comparison with untreated fish. The results of the present study indicate that AsNPs exposure causes behavior, growth, hematology, immunobiochemical, and histological shortcomings in L. rohita.
Evodiamine Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation via PTEN-Mediated EGF/PI3K Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Ruichuang , Wen Jianxia , Yang Tao , Dai Chunmei , Zhao Yanling
Published: November 2021

Aims. In this study, the pharmacological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of evodiamine in treating gastric cancer (GC) were investigated. Methods. GC cells lines of AGS and BGC-823 were treated with evodiamine at various concentrations for different times (24, 48, and 72 h). Inhibition of the proliferation of AGS and BGC-823 cells was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. The morphology of gastric cancer cells was detected by high-content screening (HCS). The apoptosis-inducing effect of evodiamine on AGS and BGC-823 cells was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN-mediated EGF/PI3K signaling pathways were investigated via RT-qPCR or western blotting, respectively. Results. Evodiamine substantially inhibited AGS and BGC-823 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that evodiamine could induce apoptosis of AGS and BGC-823 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, evodiamine inhibited AGS and BGC-823 cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, the results demonstrated that evodiamine promoted the relative mRNA and protein expression of PTEN and decreased expression of EGF, EGFR, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and mTOR. Most importantly, evodiamine could effectively increase the mRNA and protein expression of PTEN and decrease the protein expression of EGF/PI3K pathway, indicating that evodiamine downregulated EGF/PI3K through the activation of PTEN pathway. Conclusion. Evodiamine inhibited the directional migration and invasion of GC cells by inhibiting PTEN-mediated EGF/PI3K signaling pathway. These findings revealed that evodiamine might serve as a potential candidate for the treatment or prevention of GC.
Prevalence of Calf Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tora Ephrem , Shrube Mesfin , Kaba Tamirat , Seyoum Wasihun
Published: November 2021

Background. Calf mortality has been a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry in Ethiopia. The condition results in a significant drop in the number of replacing heifers and bulls for sustainable dairy business. Reports on calf mortality with a wide range of prevalence are rising in the country; however, a pooled prevalence of this condition has not been established. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. Methods. Meta-analysis was carried out to obtain the pooled prevalence of calf mortality in Ethiopia. A comprehensive literature search was carried out on PubMed, African Journals Online, CAB, Web of Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moderators such as the study area, breed of calf, study design, agroecology, and year of study article published were used as a milestone of data extraction. The random-effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Publication bias and the variation in prevalence estimates attributed to heterogeneity were also assessed. Results. Twenty-five original research papers on the prevalence of calf mortality in various parts of Ethiopia were included. The reported prevalence of calf mortality was between 0.9% and 37%. The pooled prevalence of calf mortality in the country was 14.79%, and the pooled calf mortality estimate across studies for the entire period regarding 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, 2011 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020 was 26.54%, 17.03%, 14.21%, and 11.23%, respectively. Analysis of study subgroups and location revealed significant variations in prevalence. High heterogeneity was observed in the pooled estimates and even after the subgroup meta-analysis. The funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry coefficient (b = −1.0434) (95% CI = −1.49, −0.59;

p

value of 0.012) did suggest the presence of publication bias. There was also an indication of missing studies that could be incorporated by Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method where they might fall on a funnel plot and visualize them in an attempt to increase the plot’s symmetry. Analyses also suggest that calf breed, sample size, and study location are likely to be moderators of calf mortality prevalence in Ethiopia. Conclusion. This finding shows that calf mortality is widespread and could result in considerable economic losses for the dairy industry in Ethiopia. Inevitably, a significant reduction in calf mortality prevalence has been observed in recent years since 2010, but the reduction has not yet reached an economically tolerable level. Calf breed susceptibility contributed to the high prevalence. Therefore, interventions for increasing calf health and performance should be focused on minimizing calf mortality on farm and animal levels.
Ubiquitin‐Specific Protease 29 Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Hou Jia-Bao , Shen Qian-Ni , Wan Xing , Liu Xu-Ke , Yu Yuan , Li Mei , Gao Wen-Wei , Zhao Bo
Published: November 2021

Oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute to the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 29 (USP29) is abundantly expressed in the brain and plays critical roles in regulating oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of USP29 in cerebral I/R injury. Neuron‐specific USP29 knockout mice were generated and subjected to cerebral I/R surgery. For USP29 overexpression, mice were stereotactically injected with the adenoassociated virus serotype 9 vectors carrying USP29 for 4 weeks before cerebral I/R. And primary cortical neurons were isolated and exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation to imitate cerebral I/R injury in vitro. USP29 expression was elevated in the brain and primary cortical neurons upon I/R injury. Neuron‐specific USP29 knockout significantly diminished, whereas USP29 overexpression aggravated cerebral I/R‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurological dysfunction in mice. In addition, OGD/R‐induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were also attenuated by USP29 silence but exacerbated by USP29 overexpression in vitro. Mechanistically, neuronal USP29 enhanced p53/miR‐34a‐mediated silent information regulator 1 downregulation and then promoted the acetylation and suppression of brain and muscle ARNT‐like protein, thereby aggravating oxidative stress and apoptosis upon cerebral I/R injury. Our findings for the first time identify that USP29 upregulation during cerebral I/R may contribute to oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and the progression of cerebral I/R injury and that inhibition of USP29 may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat cerebral I/R injury.
Antidisturbance Control for Helicopter Stochastic Systems
Authors: Li Dongping , Li Yankai
Published: November 2021

In this paper, an antidisturbance controller is presented for helicopter stochastic systems under disturbances. To enhance the antidisturbance abilities, the nonlinear disturbance observer method is applied to reject the time-varying disturbances. Then, the antidisturbance nonlinear controller is designed by combining the backstepping control scheme. And the stochastic theory is used to guarantee that the closed-loop system is asymptotically bounded in mean square while the proposed control method is shown via some traditional nonlinear control techniques, which still show some common issues such as “dimension explosion” or others. The result of this paper can be regarded as a typical case of the nonlinear control method to help and promote the generation of advanced methods.
[Retracted] Facing Big Data Information Fusion and Data Mining Technology to Construct College Physical Education Teaching Evaluation System
Authors: Ma Yong-tong
Published: November 2021

The purpose is to enrich the evaluation system of physical education (PE) teaching in colleges and universities and to improve PE teaching methods and improve teaching quality. Based on big data information fusion and data mining technology, firstly, the related theories of teaching evaluation are analyzed and expounded, as well as the characteristics and principles of the construction of college PE teaching evaluation system. Secondly, from the perspective of evaluation index system of sports teachers’ teaching and students’ sports teaching, the content and evaluation index of college sports teaching evaluation are analyzed under the background of big data information fusion and data mining by questionnaire survey. Combined with model test, the results show that traditional college sports teacher pays more attention to the design and teaching methods of PE and ignore the learning process of students. The evaluation process of PE ignores the individual differences of students, the feedback method lacks openness, and the evaluation process is isolated. Based on the big data technology and teaching evaluation theory, the evaluation index is designed for PE teaching in colleges and universities. The average value of the first layer indexes is above 4, and the coefficient of variation is less than 0.2, which can basically reflect the content of PE teaching evaluation and provide some reference for the research of PE teaching evaluation.
Embedded VR Video Image Control System in the Ideological and Political Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jia Fengzhen , Xu Shiqiang , Huo Jiaofei
Published: November 2021

With the increasing development of multimedia teaching, the combination of virtual reality (VR) and video image control has very attractive development prospects in ideological and political teaching, for example, the use of virtual technology in games and so on. However, most virtual reality environments are currently built, and the functional development of artificial intelligence multimedia teaching systems is not comprehensive. An artificial intelligence VR video image control system is constructed for the multimedia teaching system. This article analyzes the development of artificial intelligence multimedia teaching systems and compares the detection performance and efficiency of traditional methods and artificial intelligence multimedia VR ideological and political teaching. Research shows that, in the use of VR to control the images of ideological and political teaching, the average accuracy of these ten video images is 75.68%. This shows that the video image classification and detection algorithm model based on artificial intelligence in this paper can extract deeper and more abstract features to classify the target. The artificial intelligence VR video image control algorithm constructed in this paper can reduce the maximum failure rate by 49.16%, 61.02%, and 66.94%, respectively. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the artificial intelligence VR video image control algorithm constructed in this paper can reduce the storage access delay time of 10 different video images by an average of 15.93%, can obtain about 9.37% performance optimization, and can reduce the video image control time by 7.28% and 10.63%, respectively. For pictures, the artificial intelligence VR video image control system in this article can increase the performance by up to 28.49%.
Creep Behavior of Saturated Clay in Triaxial Test and a Hyperbolic Model
Authors: Xiao Bin , Hu Minyun , Zhou Peijiao , Lu Yuke , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2021

As one of the basic mechanical properties of soil, the creep property of a given type soil is related to stress path, and stress level. In this paper, triaxial shear creep tests under different deviatoric stress levels were performed on both intact sample and the reconstituted sample of clay taken from Hangzhou, China. Based on the Boltzmann linear superposition principle, the creep curves of the clay sample under different levels of deviatoric stress were obtained, and the creep characteristics of the intact sample and the reconstituted sample were compared in both total stress creep analysis and effective stress creep analysis. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted using a hyperbolic creep model. The results show that (1) under the same stress level, the creep of intact sample evolves more than that of reconstituted sample; (2) the hyperbolic creep model is suited to describe the creep characteristics of intact and reconstituted clay, and the model parameters

A

s

and

B

s

can be linearly correlated to the stress level

D

r

; (3) for the application of the hyperbolic model, the total stress analysis works better, and the model parameters

A

s

and

B

s

can be determined by a linear relationship with Dr.
Fluxless Direct Soldering of Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) to Copper
Authors: Tsao Lung-Chuan , Li Cheng-Kai , Sun Yu-Kai , Chang Shih-Ying , Chuang Tung-Han
Published: November 2021

Due to the combined advantages of low cost, good soldering properties, and appropriate melting temperature range, novel Sn8Zn3Bi1Mg active solder was developed for direct soldering of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) ceramic targets with oxygen‐free copper at 200°C in air. The TCO specimens have aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) ceramics. The direct soldering process was performed without the need for flux or pre‐metallization of the two transparent conductive oxides. The microstructure, phase constitution, melting characteristics, and soldering properties of the Sn8Zn3Bi1Mg active solder were investigated. The liquidus temperature of the Sn8Zn3Bi1Mg active solder was 198.6°C, which was very close to the binary Sn‐Zn eutectic temperature of 198.5°C. The effect of temperature on the bonding strength of the solder joints was evaluated. The shear strengths of AZO/Cu and ZnO/Cu joints soldered with Sn8Zn3Bi1Mg active solder were 10.3 and 7.5 MPa at room temperature, respectively. Increasing the temperature from room temperature to 180°C reduced the bonding shear strengths of AZO/Cu and ZnO/Cu joints to 3.3 and 3.7 MPa, respectively.
Particle Flow Analysis of Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Failure Process of Salt Rock under High Temperature and Triaxial Stress
Authors: Li Haoran , Wang Ziheng , Li Dekang , Zhang Yajun
Published: November 2021

In order to reveal the mechanism of thermal-induced deformation and fracture development of salt rock under high temperature, the particle flow program PFC2D was used to study the triaxial compression failure process of salt rocks under different temperatures; at the same time, a combination model of Burge and Linearpbond was proposed to simulate plastic deformation and heat conduction of salt rock. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the experimental results to verify the validity of the conclusion. The simulation results show that the elastic limit points of rock gradually descend, the dilatancy points rise gradually, and the plastic deformation characteristics of salt rock become more obvious with the increase of temperature. Due to the damage of the sample, the strong chains break and disappear, increasing the proportion of the weak chains, and the high temperature intensifies the rupture of the contact between the particles in the salt rock. As the temperature increases from 50°C to 120°C, the strong chains in the rock sample decrease significantly, and the damage gradually increases; when the temperature is 150°C, the contact force decreases sharply, and the damage of salt rock is significant. According to the particle displacement cloud diagrams, it is found that the expansion direction from the middle part of the rock sample to the left and right ends is 12.08°, 9.55°, 8.2°, 6.33°, and 0°, respectively. The displacement directions of the rock sample show obvious radial expansion tendency, and the higher the temperature, the more obvious the “drum-shaped” failure phenomenon in the middle of the rock sample. During the heating process, the thermal cracks are mainly tensile cracks, and transverse cracks are gradually formed in the middle of the model. The cementation failure points at the top and bottom of the model expand in an oblique direction and form oblique cracks of about 45°. From the three different mathematical models of macroscopic and mesoscopic views, it is concluded that the effect of temperatures on salt rock is more significant after 90°C. This research is important for exploring the macroscopic and microscopic mechanics evolution of salt rock and provides a reference for determining the long-term mechanical strength of salt rock.
Influences of Exit Advance Guide Signs on the Trajectory and Speed of Passenger Cars in Highway Tunnels
Authors: Shang Ting , Wu Peng , Lian Guan , Sheng Qijin
Published: November 2021

The driving behavior in highway tunnels is more complicated than that in regular roadbed sections because the former is usually affected by black and white hole effects, tunnel clearance, and bad illumination. Unfortunately, the current Chinese criteria and the Uniform Traffic Control Equipment Manual (MUTCD) 2009 guidelines provide no clear method for setting exit advance guide signs in highway tunnels. Hence, a driving simulator-based experiment was conducted in the current study to analyze the effects of exit advance guide signs on the trajectory, speed, and acceleration of passenger cars in a highway tunnel under three different service levels. It was found that when the service level is first service level, second service level, and third service level, the setting of the exit advance guide signs made the initial transverse location of the vehicle from the tunnel exit advance by 13.39%, 21.20%, and 5.73%, the lane change distance is shortened by 6.34%, 20.18%, and 15.34%, the average speed is decreased by 1.44%, 2.40%, and 0.08%, and the acceleration is decreased to −0.10 m·s−2, −0.11 m·s−2, and −0.06 m·s−2. Thus, the exit guide signs in the tunnel played a certain optimization role in improving the traffic flow state of the section and reducing the traffic accident rate.
Comparison of Fecal Sample Collection Methods for Microbial Analysis Embedded within Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs
Authors: Zouiouich Semi , Mariadassou Mahendra , Rué Olivier , Vogtmann Emily , Huybrechts Inge , Severi Gianluca , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Senore Carlo , Naccarati Alessio , Mengozzi Giulio , Kozlakidis Zisis , Jenab Mazda , Sinha Rashmi , Gunter Marc J. , Leclerc Marion
Published: November 2021

Background:

Colorectal cancer screening programs with fecal sample collection may provide a platform for population-based gut microbiome disease research. We investigated sample collection and storage method impact on the accuracy and stability of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes and bacterial quantity across seven different collection methods [i.e., no solution, two specimen collection cards, and four types of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) used in four countries] among 19 healthy volunteers.

Methods:

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the relative abundance of the top three phyla, the most abundant genera, alpha diversity metrics, and the first principal coordinates of the beta diversity matrices to estimate the stability of microbial profiles after storage for 7 days at room temperature, 4°C or 30°C, and after screening for the presence of occult blood in the stool. In addition, accuracy was estimated for samples frozen immediately compared to samples with no solution (i.e., the putative gold standard).

Results:

When compared with the putative gold standard, we observed significant variation for all collection methods. However, interindividual variability was much higher than the variability introduced by the collection method. Stability ICCs were high (≥0.75) for FIT tubes that underwent colorectal cancer screening procedures. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria (0.65) was an exception and was lower for different FIT tubes stored at 30°C (range, 0.41–0.90) and room temperature (range, 0.06–0.94).

Conclusions:

Paper-based collection cards and different types of FIT are acceptable tools for microbiome measurements.

Impact:

Our findings inform on the utility of commonly used fecal sample collection methods for developing microbiome-focused cohorts nested within screening programs.
Excess Body Fatness during Early to Mid-Adulthood and Survival from Colorectal and Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Five International Cohort Studies
Authors: Charvat Hadrien , Freisling Heinz , Noh Hwayoung , Gaudet Mia M. , Gunter Marc J. , Cross Amanda J. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Tjønneland Anne , Katzke Verena , Bergmann Manuela , Agnoli Claudia , Rylander Charlotta , Skeie Guri , Jakszyn Paula , Rosendahl Ann H. , Sund Malin , Severi Gianluca , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie , Brenner Hermann , Adami Hans-Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Arnold Melina
Published: November 2021

Background:

Here, we explore the association between excess weight during early to mid-adulthood and survival in patients diagnosed with breast and colorectal cancer, using a pooled analysis of five cohort studies and study participants from 11 countries.

Methods:

Participant-level body mass index (BMI) trajectories were estimated by fitting a growth curve model using over 2 million repeated BMI measurements from close to 600,000 cohort participants. Cumulative measures of excess weight were derived. Data from over 23,000 patients with breast and colorectal cancer were subsequently analyzed using time-to-event models for death with the date of diagnosis as start of follow-up. Study-specific results were combined through a random effect meta-analysis.

Results:

We found a significant dose–response relationship (P trend = 0.013) between the average BMI during early and mid-adulthood and death from breast cancer, with a pooled HR of 1.31 (1.07–1.60) and the time to death shortened by 16% for average BMI above 25 kg/m2 compared with average BMI less than or equal to 22.5 kg/m2, respectively. Similar results were found for categories of cumulative time spent with excess weight. There was no association between excess body fatness during early to mid-adulthood and death in patients with colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

Excess body fatness during early to mid-adulthood is associated not only with an increased risk of developing cancer, but also with a lower survival in patients with breast cancer.

Impact:

Our results emphasize the importance of public health policies aimed at reducing overweight during adulthood and inform future studies on the relationship between excess weight and cancer outcomes.