bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the physicochemical, physical and sensory properties of fresh cape gooseberry and vacuum impregnated with physiologically active components
Authors: PEÑA C. Ruth F. , CORTÉS RODRÍGUEZ Misael , MONTOYA CAMPUZANO Olga Inés
Published: December 2022

Background: Functional Foods are considered nowadays by consumers as the range of foods of major interest. Objectives: The aim of the present work was the evaluation of color, texture and sensorial properties of fresh Cape Gooseberry (FG) and vacuum impregnated Cape Gooseberry (IG) with calcium and vitamins B9, C, D and E during storage at 4ºC. Methods: Entire cape gooseberries were vacuum impregnated (VI) with tocopherol and cholecalciferol emulsified in aqueous phase with sucrose, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium chloride, calcium fumarate, low methoxyl pectin, isolated soy protein, tensoactives and preservatives. The texture was determined from puncture assays, and the color from the CIE Lab coordinates. The sensorial profile was determined with the aid of trained panelists, through a multidimensional approach of characteristic descriptors of general appearance, odor, taste and texture. Results: The instrumental values of color and texture for IG were significantly different from the FG, because are being softer, more elastic, darker, brighter and of less color saturation. The samples of FG and IG presented intense sensorial characteristics in the descriptors orange color, brightness, spherical uniformity, smooth surface, fresh appearance, odor, cape gooseberry characteristic taste and frutal, fleshy texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. By the effect of VI process the most relevant significant differences were the descriptors orange color, superficial stains, fresh appearance, sweet taste and cape gooseberry characteristic taste, soft texture, firmness and juicy; whereas for the effect of storage time were fresh appearance, dehydrated appearance, peduncle cicatrization, aromatic odor, overripe, cape gooseberry characteristic taste, frutal taste, soft texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. Conclusions: The VI significantly affects the objective

assessment of color and texture, finding correspondence with the sensorial evaluation; nonetheless, the general quality of the FG presented a greater score than those presented by IG.
Estudio de los cambios de la actividad antioxidante en bebidas de café durante su periodo de vida útil usando métodos in-vitro y ex-vivo
Authors: LONDOÑO LONDOÑO Julián , NARANJO CANO Mauricio , QUINTERO ORTIZ Monica
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes: Los antioxidantes se han convertido en uno de los conceptos comerciales de mayor impacto en el mercado de los alimentos funcionales; sin embargo, su declaración resulta ser un tema controvertido entre los entes regulatorios a nivel global debido a la complejidad que comprende demostrar la presencia y bioactividad de éstos en un alimento. En este contexto, investigaciones recientes en el café han atribuido propiedades antioxidantes a su bebida. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar por métodos in-vitro que las bebidas de café contienen sustancias fenólicas, las cuales pueden actuar como antioxidantes, y evaluar cómo su bioactividad puede variar en el tiempo. Métodos: Se evaluaron 48 productos de café en dos tiempos de almacenamiento, a saber, al inicio y al final de la vida útil del producto, determinando su contenido de fenoles totales y la actividad antioxidante por captura de los radicales ABTS (2,2’-azino- bis-(3-etil benzotiazolin -6- sulfonato de amonio) y DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo); además, se determinó por FRAP la actividad reductora del hierro férrico con el fin de establecer el contenido de fenoles antioxidantes a declarar en la etiqueta. Resultados: El contenido de polifenoles antioxidantes fue diferente según el tipo de café, los cafés tostados presentaron 328,61 ± 31.35 mg Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico por cada 100 mL de bebida y los cafés solubles 297,17 ± 68.48. Los resultados obtenidos por los métodos de ABTS, DPPH y FRAP mostraron, por medio de un análisis de componentes principales, que éstos se correlacionan entre sí y que el tiempo de almacenamiento tiene efecto sobre la actividad antioxidante de los productos. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante ex-vivo en una bebida de café tostado y en otra de café soluble mediante el ensayo de peroxidación lipídica de la Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad (LDL), lográndose evidenciar que estas evitaron la oxidación de la LDL, conforme los contenidos anteriores. Conclusiones: Con los resultados obtenidos se determinó la especificación para la declaración del contenido de sustancias antioxidantes en los productos de café. Con este estudio se mostró que estos métodos de análisis podrían ser considerados para demostrar la bioactividad de los productos de café y su estabilidad en el tiempo.
Efectividad y seguridad del esquema genérico lamivudina/zidovudina/efavirenz en pacientes VIH (+). Estudio fase IV y comparación con el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ HENAO Francisco Javier , AMARILES Pedro , GALINDO QUINTERO Jaime , MUESES MARÍN Hector Fabio , AGUDELO A. Juan Fernando , HINCAPIE GARCÍA Jaime Alejandro
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes: El fortalecimiento de la política de productos competidores (genéricos) se puede acompañar de interrogantes sobre la calidad y, por tanto, sobre la efectividad de algunos de estos medicamentos. Los estudios fase IV son una opción válida para valorar la efectividad y seguridad de estos medicamentos. Objetivos: Valorar la efectividad y seguridad del esquema genérico Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz en pacientes con VIH/SIDA que no han recibido terapia antirretroviral, que son atendidos en un programa de atención integral ambulatoria especializada, y comparar estos resultados con los datos de eficacia y seguridad reportados en un estudio de referencia (que utiliza el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores y fue realizado con pacientes con condiciones similares). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico abierto no controlado del tipo fase IV. Se valoró la efectividad (disminución de carga viral en plasma y aumento de linfocitos CD4+) y seguridad (reacciones adversas) del esquema genérico Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz durante 12 meses en pacientes mayores de 18 años VIH (+), que no habían recibido terapia antirretroviral y con indicación para recibirla. Los seguimientos clínicos y el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico fueron utilizados como estrategias de valoración y recolección de datos. Los resultados fueron comparados con los resultados reportados en un estudio referencia, contrastando la hipótesis de no inferioridad de dichos resultados. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 47 pacientes, de los cuales 33 estuvieron presentes hasta el final del estudio. Al año de tratamiento, en 28 pacientes (el 85%) la carga viral (valorada por indetectabilidad de las copias de RNAm viral/mL) alcanzó una disminución estadísticamente significativa, mientras que en 30 pacientes (el 91%) el recuento de linfocitos T-CD4+ mayor

a 200 células/mm3 alcanzó un aumento progresivo y estadísticamente significativo. Para la comparación se halló un artículo que cumplió con los criterios definidos y se contrastó la hipótesis de no inferioridad. En comparación con el estudio referencia, las proporciones de pacientes [intervalo de confianza del 95%] que lograron indetectabilidad no fueron estadísticamente diferentes: 0,85 [0,69-0,93] versus 0,90 [0,81-0,93], p = 0,7; similarmente, no se encontró diferencias en el incremento promedio [desviación estándar] de linfocitos CD4+: 179 [142] versus 201 [21], p = 0,08. Tampoco se encontró diferencias notorias en el perfil de seguridad. Conclusiones: El esquema genérico evaluado, Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz,

muestra resultados de efectividad no inferiores a los reportados en un estudio de referencia diseñado para valorar el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores.
Determinación de isotermas de desorción en jamón de cerdo cocido almacenado entre 4°C y 12°C
Authors: GONZÁLEZ HURTADO María Isabel , PORRAS BARRIENTOS Luis Danilo , AGUDELO FLÓREZ Aura Cristina , QUINTERO CARDONA Oscar Albeiro , DIOSA QUINTERO Carlos Fernando
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes: Las isotermas de sorción describen la relación termodinámica entre la actividad de agua (aw) y el contenido de humedad en base seca (g agua / g materia seca), de un producto alimentario a presión y temperatura constante. Estas pueden ser de adsorción o desorción. Su conocimiento es de gran importancia en la industria de alimentos, ya que brindan información apta para la selección del material de empaque, la predicción de la vida útil del producto y la evolución del contenido de humedad durante el tiempo de almacenamiento. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación existente entre la humedad y la aw en un jamón de cerdo cocido mediante el uso de isotermas de desorción a diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento. Métodos: Para realizar el análisis se evaluaron dos lotes independientes de jamón donde se evaluó su composición fisicoquímica para luego ser almacenados en cámaras de almacenamiento a temperaturas de (4, 8 y 12°C). El proceso utilizado para determinar las curvas isotérmicas de sorción, fue el método recomendado por el proyecto COST 90, en un rango de aw entre 0,123 hasta 0,958 respectivamente. Los datos experimentales se modelaron utilizando cuatro modelos empíricos (Oswin, Caurie, Smith y Henderson) y dos teóricos (Guggenheim Anderson de Boer (GAB) y Brunauer, Emmett y Teller (BET)) comúnmente aplicados en la industria de alimentos. La calidad de ajuste se evaluó con el error medio relativo (%E), la raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio (RMSE) y la suma de errores cuadrados (SSE) respectivamente. Los datos se analizaron mediante la aplicación de modelos no lineales usando el método de mínimos cuadrados y se seleccionaron los modelos que presentaron mejores ajustes. Resultados: En relación con la cinética de desorción se observó que los modelos propuestos por GAB, BET y Oswin, tuvieron un mejor ajuste a los datos experimentales a las tres temperaturas de almacenamiento. Conclusión: En el jamón, las isotermas de desorción no presentan dependencia con la temperatura. Las curvas muestran un comportamiento tipo III, debido a la afinidad e interacción existente entre el sistema multicomponente y el agua disponible en el entorno.
Acceso y disponibilidad de los medicamentos fiscalizados: algunos pasos por superar en Colombia
Authors: AMARILES Pedro , BERGATIÑOS MARAÑA Fernando , ESCOBAR LÓPEZ Hugo
Published: December 2022

Los datos epidemiológicos que justifican la importancia del tema relacionado con el tratamiento del dolor en los seres humanos son bien conocidos; sin embargo, las cifras asociadas con el control apropiado de este problema de salud son limitadas. En general, los pacientes que reciben atención adecuada lo hacen en unidades de cuidados paliativos o clínicas del dolor, siendo la cobertura muy limitada con respecto a la cifra total de personas que requieren dicha terapia. La situación es más notoria en los países en vías de desarrollo, en los que estos centros especializados son escasos y de difícil acceso, entre otras, por razones económicas; y por el otro, se supone la existencia de una proporción importante de pacientes sin acceso al tratamiento requerido, lo cual podría afectar negativamente su calidad de vida.
Well-founded fear in international refugee law: a feminist approach
Authors: Zamora Gómez Cristina María
Published: December 2022

International Refugee Law, as a matter of human rights, is in continuous evolution. This article aims to capture what the main advances in ​​gender human rights have been in the regime of well-founded fear of persecution that is entitled by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees. Thus, this article will expose what is the classic literature around the conceptualization of the well-founded fear of persecution, including what the iusfeminist critical doctrine has contributed. Subsequently, it will be shown how to improve the evaluation process of the two elements that make up the well-founded fear of persecution, namely the subjective and objective elements. Followed by a detail of the main stumbling blocks that such an evaluation has in terms of gender blindness. Finally, this article will venture to make some legal proposals to overcome such gaps.
Tying An ‘Early’ Knot: A Review Of Causes For Child Marriage
Authors: Darakhshan Kishwar Sanya
Published: December 2022

Child marriage is an ever-persisting human rights issue that has been addressed multiple times. However, despite the existing international frameworks and theoretical deliberation, the practice still continues to thrive across the globe. This presents suitable ground for a review of the causes of child marriage. This paper reviews such causes in two parts, the first being a review of the existing international framework, followed by a review of factors that lead to child marriage. Additionally, the paper attempts at presenting recommendations to inhibit the causal factors.
PERSEPSI DAN SIKAP PELAJAR TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KUIZ AKTIVITI PEMBELAJARAN SECARA REALITI TERARUH (AR) MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Mat Tahir Mohd Faizal
Published: December 2022

Realiti Teraruh (AR) adalah teknologi yang memperoleh penggabungan secara terus terhadap kandungan digital yang dibuat oleh komputer dengan dunia nyata. Walaubagaimanapun, bahan kandungan berbentuk ilmiah dalam fitur AR terutama kandungan buatan tempatan amat jarang ditemui di dalam platform media sosial, maka terdapat keperluan untuk menambah bahan ilmiah buatan tempatan. Oleh itu,objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat persepsi dan sikap pelajar terhadap bahan kandungan aktiviti pembelajaran dalam bentuk AR menggunakan platform Instagram. Seramai 38 orang pelajar yang mengambil kursus Analisis Komponen Mekanikal terlibat dengan borang soal selidik diedarkan kepada mereka selepas mereka selesai menjalankan tugasan melibat kandungan tersebut. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan 90% pelajar berasa sangat setuju/setuju bahawa mereka seronok dengan bahan pembelajaran sebegini. Semua pelajar memberikan skala 3 dan ke atas bagi kenyataan aktiviti ini membantu meningkatkan kemahiran komunikasi mereka. 75% pelajar juga sangat setuju/setuju agar kandungan berbentuk AR ini ditambah dalam kursus mereka bagi membantu pemahaman kursus dan meningkatkan pengalaman pembelajaran mereka. Maka, kandungan aktiviti pembelajaran fitur kuiz AR ini dilihat dapat membantu meningkatkan pengalaman pembelajaran mereka serta membina keyakinan mereka untuk berkomunikasi
Experience of Nusinersen in children with proximal spinal muscular atrophy 5q in Moscow region
Authors: Panteleeva M. V.
Published: December 2022

Background. Proximal spinal muscular atrophy 5q (5q-SMA) is a severe autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive flaccid paralysis and muscular atrophy caused by degeneration of α-motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord resulted from mutations in the SMN1 gene encoding the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. These patients have pronounced limitations of motor activity and their life expectancy is between several weeks and several decades. The development and implementation of causal therapy improved the quality of life and increased life expectancy of SMA patients. Nusinersen is one of the first drugs approved for SMA in the Russian Federation. It is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that increases the production of full-length SMN protein.

Aim. To confirm the efficacy and safety of Nusinersen in children with type I–III SMA from Moscow region.

Materials and methods. A total of 22 patients with type I–III SMA have been receiving Nusinersen since 2020. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) in children with type I SMA and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) in children with type II–III SMA.

Results. All patients completed the stage of loading doses, including 1 patient treated for 5 years (18 injections), 3 patients treated for 3 years (12 injections), 10 patients treated for 2 years (9 injections), 4 patients treated for more than 1 year (6 injections), and 4 patients treated for less than 1 year (5 injections). Patients with type I SMA demonstrated increased scores after one year of therapy. Patients with type I–III SMA also had some improvement and higher HFMSE after loading doses followed by positive dynamics after 2 and 3 years of therapy.

This article also contains cases that confirm the need of early treatment initiation immediately after the diagnosis.

Conclusions. We corroborated the efficacy and safety of Nusinersen in routine clinical practice for children with different types of SMA.
Congenital cerebral palsy with epilepsy: clinical and genetic comparisons
Authors: Chebanenko N. V. , Sokol P. L. , Prityko A. G.
Published: December 2022

Background. The problem of congenital cerebral palsy (CP) is relevant due to the limited complexity of habilitation and social adaptation of such patients. The genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease are being actively studied. CP is often accompanied by epilepsy, which is characterized by refractoriness.

Aim. To analyze the clinical, genetic and neuroimaging aspects of this pathology in CP patients.

Materials and methods. The study included 136 patients with CP. Genetic studies were carried out on venous blood material using NGS and Sanger trio methods. The distribution of genes into groups of determinants was carried out.

Results. In 136 patients, 91 genes with pathogenic variants were found. There were more of them in the determinant groups CS (regulation of cytoskeleton formation and functioning), ENM (regulation of neuronal membrane excitability), CMTR (control of chromatin modifications, transcription and replication processes), NTS (regulation of neurotransmitter metabolism and synapse functioning). The distribution of genes according to the degree of motor deficiency was specific: in all groups, except for canalopathy genes (ENM): certain genes corresponded to each degree of motor deficiency. This specificity was less pronounced in the ENM group. The largest number of cases of abnormalities in the structure of the brain was in the CMTR (control of chromatin modifications, transcription and replication processes), CS (regulation of the formation and functioning of the cytoskeleton) and ENM (regulation of the excitability of the neuronal membrane) groups. The RMF group (regulation of the functions of the mitochondrial apparatus) was characterized by the highest resistance to epilepsy. In cases from the group with the canalopathy genes (ENM), the epileptic process was not the most refractory.

Conclusions. According to the contribution to the pathogenesis of CP with epilepsy, the distribution of determinants for the provision of excitability and conduction of the nervous tissue (ENM and NTS), the regulation of neuroontogenesis processes (NOG and CMTR), and the predetermination of enzymatic defects leading to storage diseases (GSD) are permissible. The determinant ENM is responsible for both the formation of motor deficits and the formation of the epileptic process. At the same time, its influence on motor deficit is nonspecific, and the degree of refractoriness of the epileptic process largely determines the determinant of mitochondrial function regulation.
Sleep disorder in Angelman syndrome: causes, mechanisms and methods of correction. Literature review
Authors: Psyanchin A. A. , Bobylova M. Yu. , Yakupov T. Z.
Published: December 2022

Sleep disorder is one of the prominent manifestations of Angelman syndrome. The exact causes are unknown and methods of correction are difficult. The literature review is devoted to studies of the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in Angelman syndrome (the effects of gene function in 15q11–q13 deletion, findings in polysomnography, video-EEG sleep monitoring, laboratory data), on the basis of which recommendations for the correction of dyssomnia, including methods of behavioral therapy, are given.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of long non-coding RNA PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Vetchinkina E. A. , Kalinkin A. I. , Kuznetsova E. B. , Kiseleva A. E. , Alekseeva E. A. , Nemtsova M. V. , Bure I. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers and has a high mortality rate worldwide. Epigenetic alternations of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs can contribute to its pathogenesis and progression, and could be potent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Aim. Estimation of PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 expression in gastric cancer and investigation of its clinical significance. Materials and methods. Tumor and adjacent normal tissues (n = 62), and sectional normal tissue samples (n = 5) were included in the study. The expression of the ncRNAs was quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.Results. We have reviled the significant difference in the PROX1‑AS1 expression in tumor (p = 0.002) and non-tumor tissues (p <0.001) obtained from gastric cancer patients in comparison with sectional gastric tissues without pathology. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a negative correlation between PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 in gastric cancer both in tumor (р <0,001) and adjacent normal tissues (р <0.001). Besides, expression of PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 was associated with the size and extent of the primary tumor.Conclusion. The obtained results allow to suggest a potential prognostic value of PROX1‑AS1 and miR-647 in gastric cancer.
Mechanisms of the carcinogenicity of nanomaterials
Authors: Belitsky G. A. , Kirsanov K. I. , Lesovaya E. A. , Yakubovskaya M. G.
Published: December 2022

Nanomaterials become more widespread in the different areas of human life, forming the new technosphere philosophy, in particular, new approaches for development and usage of these materials in everyday life, manufacture, medicine etc.The physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials differ significantly from the corresponding indicators of aggregate materials and at least some of them are highly reactive and / or highly catalytic. This suggests their aggressiveness towards biological systems, including involvement in carcinogenesis. The review considers the areas of use of modern nanomaterials, with special attention paid to the description of medicine production using nanotechnologies, an analysis of the mechanisms of action of a number of nanomaterials already recognized as carcinogenic, and also presents the available experimental and mechanistic data obtained from the study of the carcinogenic / procarcinogenic effects of various groups of nanomaterials currently not classified as carcinogenic to humans.Preparing the review, information bases of biomedical literature were analysed: Scopus (307), PubMed (461), Web of Science (268), eLibrary.ru (190) were used. To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, Sci-Hub and eLibrary.ru databases were used.
PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer with low HER2 / neu expression
Authors: Pavlenko I. A. , Povilaitite P. E. , Kaciyaev V. Yu. , Makarevich N. S. , Petrov A. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Disturbances in the PI3K-dependent (PI3K – phosphoinositide 3‑kinase) cascade are characteristic of all types of breast cancer. In particular, 30–40 % of patients with advanced / metastatic hormone-positive HER2‑negative (HER2 – human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) breast cancer carry PIK3CA mutations in tumor cells. The detection of these mutations in patients with hormone-positive HER2‑negative breast cancer is of great clinical importance, since they are a predictor of tumor sensitivity to the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib. According to the HER2 / neu protein expression status, all patients with hormone-positive HER2‑negative breast cancer can be divided into two groups – with low expression of HER2 / neu (scores 0, 1+ or 2+ per immunohistochemical analysis and negative result of in situ hybridization) and with a complete lack of expression of this protein.Aim. To establish whether there are differences in the nature and prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in patients in these two groups.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 32 breast cancer samples with a luminal HER2‑negative immunophenotype, which were divided into two groups – with low HER2 / neu expression (n = 15) and with a complete absence of HER2 / neu expression (n = 17). PIK3CA mutations were determined using the commercially available cobas PIK3CA MutationTest kit (Roche, Switzerland) by real-time polymerase chain reaction on paraffin block material (tissue biopsy).Results. Mutations of the PIK3CA gene were detected in 37.5 % of cases, of which p.E542K mutation was detected in 2 cases; p.E545X – in 3, p.H1047X – in 6 and p.N345K – in 1. Analysis of the mutational status of both groups revealed statistically significant differences in the quantitative distribution of PIK3CA mutations. The frequency of PIK3CA mutations was significantly higher in tumors with low expression of HER2 / neu (p = 0.0268). Thus, characteristic genetic changes have been identified for a group of patients with HER2‑low breast cancer. These changes are potential targets for therapy, which is important for clinical practice, as it opens up new therapeutic possibilities for breast cancer patients with low HER2 / neu expression.
Signs of apoptosis in circulating tumor cell subpopulations with phenotypes associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast carcinoma
Authors: Perelmuter V. M. , Grigorieva E. S. , Zavyalova M. V. , Tashireva L. A. , Alifanov V. V. , Saveleva O. E. , Vtorushin S. V. , Choynzonov E. L. , Cherdyntsevа N. V.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Ability of circulating tumor cells (CTC) initiate metastases in distant sites is associated primarily with their resistance to apoptosis which allows them to retain viability in the blood. Knowledge of phenotypical signs associated with this ability would allow to predict the risk of metastases and optimize adjuvant therapy.Aim. To examine signs of apoptosis in CTC populations with various phenotypical characteristics.Materials and methods. The study included 58 patients with invasive breast carcinoma of unspecified type, stages T1–4N0–3M0. Cell concentrates extracted from patients’ whole blood were stained with an antibody cocktail against CK7 / 8, CD45, EpCAM, CD44, CD24, CD133, ALDH, N-cadherin which allowed to identify CTC with signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Annexin V and 7‑amino-actinomycin D staining was used for evaluation of apoptosis stage in CTC populations.Results. Circulating tumor cells are characterized by heterogeneity in respect to signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and presence of early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. CTC phenotypes including co-expression of epithelial marker CK7 / 8 and stemness marker CD133 (but not CD44) are characterized by absence of signs of apoptosis. Co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 in CTC with stemness markers CD44+ / C D24– is associated with development of early but not late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells without co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 could have both early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells phenotypes with signs of early apoptosis expressing CD133 remain in blood after non-adjuvant chemotherapy opposed to CTC without CD133 expression.Conclusion. There are CTC phenotypical signs associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and linked to apoptosis resistance or sensitivity.
ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT AS AN ENABLER TO GOOD TEACHING PRACTICES AT A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Baleni Zwelijongile Gaylard , Buka Andrea Mqondisi , Ndebele Clever
Published: December 2022

Higher Education (HE) institutions have to provide support to Academic Staff Development (ASD) through policies, funding and strategies that afford lecturers opportunities to attend ASD disciplinary-based and professional training. Upgrading the nature of teaching and learning is a key strategy in HE and that responsibility lies with Higher Education institutions that identify with the innovative nature of teaching and learning. Good teaching is not an accident, it is achieved through continuous engagement and enhancement of lecturers on both content and innovative pedagogical skills. Such skills need to be horned continuously to close gap in lecturers’ gap and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) suits that approach.  This study was grounded on principles of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK).  It was conducted in one university campus comprising of two sites in the Eastern Cape in South Africa. A purposive sample of 51 academics was used for data collection. Content analysis was used to identify emerging themes from the interview responses. The findings showed that lecturers regard ASD as enhancing quality teaching and empowering lecturers to improve their lecturing skills and responsibilities.
EXAMINING INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF BLIND STUDENTS AT A RURAL BASED SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ndebele Clever , Gadisi Milton
Published: December 2022

This study sought to examine barriers to learning for blind students at a rural based South African University. Premised on the qualitative design, data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 5 blind students, two academic support staff and four lecturers who were identified through purposive sampling. Emerging themes from the data were identified through content analysis of the verbatim responses. The study found that reasonable accommodation was not provided for blind students in the lecture halls at the university under study. The study further found that, study materials and computers in the university library and mainstream computer laboratories were not adapted for blind students. Third, lecturers were not trained to teach blind students with some lecturers using PowerPoint presentations while teaching when blind students could not access the screens. The study recommends universal design for all learning facilities, thorough training for all staff teaching students with disabilities and the development of a disability policy in the university.
Overcoming Path Dependency of Traditional Values During the Modernization of Japan’s Legal System
Authors: Poldnikov D. Yu.
Published: December 2022

Comparative legal studies are still dominated by the ideological American view of successful social development only through institutions that correspond to Western standards of the rule of law. Non-Western traditional values and institutions are declared to be the cause of the stagnation of Asian and African societies in the 19th-20th centuries. Yet, the causal link between successful economic development and Western legal institutions is not clearly proven. A functional view of law in a socio-cultural context allows us to look differently at the fact of going or not going to courts in non-Western countries. This article builds on the experience of Japan’s legal modernization to examine different academic approaches to explain why the majority of Japanese refused to go to court before and after the Meiji Restoration of 1868, but changed their behavior at the turn of the 21st century. The first part of the article presents the so-called “cultural thesis” as an explanation of the main obstacle to modernization, the second part introduces alternative explanations (defects of the legal system and the role of political elites), generated by the need to explain the “legal turn” in Japan in the 1990s. The example of Japan is significant for understanding the possible obstacles to reforms of justice according to Western models in non-Western societies, including Russia.
Technology Integration Designed to Scaffold 5th Graders in Task-Based Language Teaching
Authors: MAVİLİ Selin , KARTAL Günizi
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate technology enhanced scaffolding design in Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) for English beginner level students at a middle school with a limited technology infrastructure and low socioeconomic profile. The implementation’s effectiveness was assessed by a comparison of data obtained by researcher-designed pre and posttests from 38 fifth graders in a control and experimental group, as well as an analysis of the latter’s responses to classroom tasks and feedback questions collected periodically. While both groups progressed in the key leaning objectives, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control in the posttest. Paired samples comparisons showed that the learners in the experimental group improved their test scores significantly in all the subtests, while those in the control showed a significant increase only in vocabulary questions. The additional descriptive analysis of the qualitative data collected from the experimental group provided evidence for how this difference occurred. Based on the findings of the study, an amendment to the guidelines for scaffolding design software is suggested from the perspective of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in limited technology contexts.
Özel Yetenekli İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Yazma Eğilimleri, Kaygıları ve Tutumlarında Scratch Kodlama Programının Etkisi
Authors: YURTBAKAN Ergün
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, özel yetenekli ilkokul öğrencilerinin yazma eğilimleri, yazma kaygıları ve yazma tutumlarında Scratch programının etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Karma yöntemin açıklayıcı deseni benimsenen çalışmanın nicel bölümünde kontrol grupsuz ön test-son test deneysel desen, nitel bölümünde fenomenoloji deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmaya ölçüt örnekleme yolu ile 14 özel yetenekli ilkokul öğrencisi alınmıştır. Veriler yazma eğilimi, yazma kaygısı, yazma tutumu ölçeği ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Ön ve son test olarak kullanılan ölçeklerden elde edilen veriler Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre Scratch programının özel yetenekli ilkokul öğrencilerinin yazma eğilimleri, yazma kaygıları ve yazma tutumlarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Özel yetenekli öğrenciler, yazmayı orta derecede sevdiklerini, genellikle hikaye yazdıklarını, yazarken yoruldukları için yazmak istemediklerini belirtmiştir. Ayrıca Scratch programını eğlenceli bulduklarını ifade eden özel yetenekli öğrenciler, programın yazma becerilerinden çok teknoloji becerilerini geliştirdiğini ifade etmiştir.
Therapeutic Songwriting with People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors:   , Landless Bronwen M. , Bradt Joke
Published: December 2022

The experience of homelessness is multifaceted, goes beyond being unhoused, and is accompanied by joys and challenges. Individual challenges are exacerbated by society through stigmatization and marginalization, and hegemonic systems that propagate homelessness. Community Music Therapy is an approach whereby individuals and communities can reveal and disrupt oppressive practices and systems. This article style dissertation includes a research proposal followed by a narrative review of the scant extant music therapy literature with people experiencing homelessness. The narrative review (a) shows that people experiencing homelessness may benefit from music therapy services, (b) describes considerations for music therapy practice with people experiencing homelessness, and (c) makes recommendations for future research, including reimagining research with people experiencing homelessness to better ensure anti-oppressive practice and research. Following the narrative review is a study description of the exploration of a therapeutic songwriting program with people experiencing homelessness and their surrounding communities. The cross-case analysis of three participants experiencing homelessness shows the positive impacts of a therapeutic songwriting program to include agency, reconnecting with and expanding musical skills, future possibilities. The experience of sharing songs with an audience was reciprocal where participants and audience participants exchanged gifts of joy, encouragement, connection, affirmation, and caring. Audience participants reported that the experience differed from their expectations, they connected in humanness, and positively shifted their perspectives about people experiencing homelessness. A potential harm aspect of the study was participants developing possibly unrealistic future expectations that, beyond the therapeutic songwriting program, could lead to later disappointments. While this study begins to address a gap in the research as the first study to explore the impact of music therapy on the surrounding communities of people experiencing homelessness, further research is warranted. A primary recommendation for future music therapy research with people experiencing homelessness is the use of deep reflexivity to better align with anti-oppressive values.
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM PROPOSAL ON THE USAGE OF EXTENDED REALITY SDKS IN AEC DISCIPLINES
Authors: KARACİF Esranur , GÜRER Ethem
Published: December 2022

Technology is employed in the fields of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) for characteristics like producing visual representations and offering assistance during the building phase. Both users and creators of these tools are able to immediately take advantage of the technology's potential as well as create a variety of workarounds for its drawbacks. Both viewpoints will be looked at in this study with regard to mobile extended reality SDKs (software development kit). By excluding the articles that did not provide the relevant information, this research concentrates solely on the papers that discuss the technological aspects of the SDK that were used, the opportunities the SDK offers, and/or the flaws of the SDK. The study's main objective is to compare the technological contributions made by the SDKs employed in the scope of the examined literature to the AEC disciplines and to the contexts in which such contributions are made. Through applications in literature research, the study aims to highlight the contributions of mobile extended reality SDKs to the fields of architecture, engineering, and construction. An entry-level developer can use the SDKs in accordance with his work by using the comparison diagrams, produced in this study, to see the relationships and comparisons between them, as well as to build a framework for what uses should be made in which domains. The technological capabilities and constraints of SDKs have an impact on how research is designed. Making relationality diagrams on the SDK to use and the effects it will have throughout the research phase is also crucial. As a result of the research, SDKs permit flexible uses in a variety of sectors, and their use also financially and logistically supports literature studies.
CLASSIFICATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES WITH DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITS EFFECT ON ARCHITECTURE
Authors: DİKER Fadime , ERKAN İlker
Published: December 2022

Unlike traditional machine learning methods, deep learning methods that can learn from image, video, audio, and text data, especially recently with the increase in hardware power, are also increasing in success. Considering the success and benefits of deep learning methods in many different fields with increasing data, similar effects are expected in architecture. In this study, we focused on textures by going down to specifics rather than general images. In this direction, a total of 4500 satellite images belonging to cloud, desert, green areas and water bodies were classified in the model developed using deep convolutional neural networks. In the developed model, 0.97 accuracy for cloud images, 0.98 accuracy for desert images, 0.96 accuracy for green areas images and 0.98 accuracy for water bodies images were obtained in the classification of previously unused test data (675 images). Although there are similarities in the images of cloud and desert, and images of green areas and water bodies, this success in textures shows that it can be successful in detecting, analyzing, and classifying architectural materials. Successful recognition, analysis and classification of architectural materials and elements with deep convolutional neural networks will be able to facilitate the acquisition of appropriate and useful data through shape recognition among many data, especially at the information collection phase in the architectural design process. Thus, it will help to take more accurate decisions by obtaining more comprehensive data that cannot be obtained from manual data analysis. Learning the distinctive features for classification of data in deep convolutional neural networks also explains architectural design differences and similarities. This situation reveals the hidden relationship in the designs and thus can offer architects the opportunity to make creative and original designs.
“Those Deluded, Ill-Starred Men”: Frederick Douglass, the New National Era, and the Paris Commune
Authors: Edwards Kyle A.
Published: December 2022

The Paris Commune was the apotheosis of what unfolded in the 1848 European Revolutions, the first time the working class actually took political power, although briefly. Frederick Douglass covered the events of the Paris Commune closely in his newspaper, the New National Era. Douglass’s views on the Paris Commune, as of yet unexplored in detail by scholars, illuminate his relationship to democratic and social movements both abroad and in the United States. This essay examines in-depth the writings in Douglass’s newspaper on the Paris Commune and argues Douglass’s commitment to mass movements and oppositional politics did not necessarily extend to oppressed wage workers and was therefore situational, specifically as it related to class, labor, and republicanism. The Commune abroad and labor unrest at home motivated Douglass to examine the “labor question” for his readers. This brought to light his free labor prescription, with its assumption of a harmony of interests between capital and workers, to the problem of inequality and the exploitation of labor. Douglass supported, at key junctures, revolutionary movements and action both in Europe and at home, but his reaction to the Paris Commune exposes the limitations of his liberal political thought to take on an internationalist analysis of class conflict and labor struggles, especially when compared to contemporaries such as Benjamin Butler, Wendell Phillips, and Karl Marx. This study offers a unique contribution to Douglass scholarship while also building on research on Americans’ views of the Paris Commune and the retreat from Reconstruction. Douglass’s writings on the Paris Commune and the labor movement deserve more attention. They provide opportunities for historians, political theorists, and labor activists to augment our understanding of Douglass’s post-war career.
Is ultradistance sport healthy? A descriptive observational study of a cohort of ultradistance runners
Authors: Esnaola Inhar , Palenzuela Ricardo , Urcelay Maite , Sarriegi Nerea , Martin José I , Esnal Haritz
Published: December 2022

Objective: To describe the physical and physiological characteristics of a group formed by ultra-distance runners, to compare their training habits with the guidelines established by the WHO and to study the possible harmful consequences of the high volume of physical activity performed. Material and method: The sample was formed by runners who repeated their participation in the “Ehunmilak” ultra-distance race in 2017 and 2018. Data collected through the medical certificates of the race and an own questionnaire were analyzed. For the analysis of variables, the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests were used, with a 95% confidence interval. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A low prevalence of several well known risk factors was observed (HT 1.8%, DM 0%, dyslipidemia 0-1.8%, smoking 5.3-10.5%, overweight 17.5%). During the last two years, 0% suffered cardiovascular injuries and 52.6% suffered musculoskeletal injuries. Medical examinations were performed frequently, each year by 91.2%. 72% complied with the latest WHO recommendations regarding volume of physical activity. Finally, no relationship was found between the parameters that indicate a high volume of physical exercise and the ECG result. The same occurred with musculoskeletal injuries, although in this case significant relationships were observed with BMI (p = 0.004) and training intensity (p = 0.009). Conclusions: It was observed that the group of runners studied is in good health and that their training habits are correct, according to the latest WHO recommendations. In addition, their characteristics and training habits did not show a relationship with the risk of developing a pathological ECG or suffering musculoskeletal injuries, except for the significant relationship that BMI and training intensity showed with the latter.
Effect of 3-week progressive overloading and 1-week tapering on performance, internal training load, stress tolerance and heart rate variability in under-19 Brazilian badminton players
Authors: de Araujo Gabriel H.O. , Figueiredo Diego H. , Figueiredo Diogo H. , Kauffman Alessandra P. , Peserico Cecília S. , Machado Fabiana A.
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of 3-week progressive overloading and 1-week tapering during a preseason on performance, internal training load, stress tolerance, and heart rate variability in under-19 Brazilian badminton players. Material and method: Eight male under-19 badminton players (age 16.1 ± 0.6 years; height 1.68 ± 7.7 m; body mass 57.2 ± 5.8 kg; body mass index 20.3 ± 2.5 kg∙m-2; body fat 8.0 ± 2.7 %), competing at the state level had physical and physiological monitored over four weeks during pre-season. Players underwent a badminton-specific movement agility test, 5-m multiple shuttle test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1, and performed vertical jumps before and after the pre-season. During the training, the heart rate variability and internal training load were monitored daily, and weekly were stress tolerance was recorded by psychometric responses. Results: The players showed significant improvements in all performance variables assessed after the training period. The internal training load during overloading was higher (1635 ± 109.9; 2490 ± 124; 2850 ± 210 AU) compared to tapering (1335 ± 100 AU). The stress tolerance decreased during overloading (4.0 ± 0.7; 8.2 ± 1.3; 10.1 ± 1.4) and increased during tapering (5.5 ± 1.5). In addition, higher internal training load during overloading resulted in a greater reduction in root-mean-square difference of successive R-R intervals (lnRMSSDmean) (4.2 ± 0.2; 4.1 ± 0.1; 4.0 ± 0.1 ms) and a smaller coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDcv) (4.5 ± 2.6; 2.1 ± 1.2; 1.4 ± 0.9 %), and the significant reduction in the internal training load during tapering led to a decrease in lnRMSSDmean (1.3 ± 0.5 ms). Conclusions: Our results suggest that using badminton training programs during the pre-season, including intermittent high-intensity actions with progressive overloading followed by a tapering is sufficient to result in positive adaptations in performance and led to adaptative changes in internal training load, stress tolerance, and heart rate variability.