bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apollo: Democratizing genome annotation
Authors: Dunn Nathan , Unni Deepak , Diesh Colin , Munoz-Torres Monica , Harris Nomi L. , Yao Eric , Rasche Helena , Holmes Ian H. , Elsik Christine G. , Lewis Suzanna E.
Published: January 2019

Genome annotation is the process of identifying the location and function of a genome’s encoded features. Improving the biological accuracy of annotation is a complex and iterative process requiring researchers to review and incorporate multiple sources of information such as transcriptome alignments, predictive models based on sequence profiles, and comparisons to features found in related organisms. Because rapidly decreasing costs are enabling an ever-growing number of scientists to incorporate sequencing as a routine laboratory technique, there is widespread demand for tools that can assist in the deliberative analytical review of genomic information. To this end, Apollo is an open source software package that enables researchers to efficiently inspect and refine the precise structure and role of genomic features in a graphical browser-based platform.

In this paper we first outline some of Apollo’s newer user interface features, which were driven by the needs of this expanding genomics community. These include support for real-time collaboration, allowing distributed users to simultaneously edit the same encoded features while also instantly seeing the updates made by other researchers on the same region in a manner similar to Google Docs. Its technical architecture enables Apollo to be integrated into multiple existing genomic analysis pipelines and heterogeneous laboratory workflow platforms. Finally, we consider the implications that Apollo and related applications may have on how the results of genome research are published and made accessible.

Source: https://github.com/GMOD/Apollo

License (BSD-3): https://github.com/GMOD/Apollo/blob/master/LICENSE.md

Docker: https://hub.docker.com/r/gmod/apollo/tags/, https://github.com/GMOD/docker-apollo

Requirements: JDK 1.8, Node v6.0+

User guide: http://genomearchitect.org; technical guide: http://genomearchitect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Mailing list: apollo@lists.lbl.gov
“Genetic structure and sodium channel gene mutation analysis related to pyrethroid insecticide toxicity in sylvatic Andean Triatoma infestans from Bolivia”
Authors: Marcet Paula L. , Santo-Orihuela Pablo , Messenger Louisa A. , Vassena Claudia V.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Sylvatic populations of Triatoma infestans represent a challenge for vector control as these populations are not targeted by control activities and could play a key role in post-spraying house re-infestation. Improved understanding of sylvatic foci, population distribution, dispersion patterns, gene flow between sylvatic and domestic populations, as well as characterization of insecticide resistance profiles, is crucial to optimize vector control interventions.

METHODS

We analyzed the genetic relationship of five Andean populations from Bolivia from localities with distinct insecticide susceptibility profiles (sylvatic: 20 de Octubre, Illicuni, Kirus Mayu and Mataral and one domestic from Mataral). Individual multilocus genotypes based on 8 microsatellites and the DNA sequence of a fragment of the cytochrome B (cytB) gene were obtained for 92 individuals. We compared the cytB haplotypes with previously reported Andean T. infestans haplotypes and evaluated the directionality and possibly history of gene flow among populations. Each specimen was screened for 2 nucleotide mutations (L1014 and L9251) of the sodium channel gene (kdr), described for T. infestans and related to pyrethroid resistance.

RESULTS

Significant genetic differentiation was observed among all populations, reflecting current genetic isolation among them. However, individuals of admixed origin were detected in four populations, especially between the sylvatic and domestic populations from Mataral. Historical analysis of gene flow suggests that insecticide resistance is conferred by ancient trait(s) in T. infestans sylvatic populations that are capable of invading domiciles. The kdr mutation L1014 was identified in one individual from Mataral, while the L9251 mutation was not detected in any population. The low frequency of kdr mutations in these populations suggests this mechanism is unlikely to be the primary cause of the observed altered insecticide susceptibility. However, the resistance conferring mutation is present in the area and with the potential to be selected under insecticidal pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

These results emphasize the need for stronger entomological surveillance in the region, including early detection of house invasion, particularly post-spraying, monitoring for resistance to pyrethroids and the design of integrative control actions that consider both sylvatic foci around domestic settings as well as the bug dispersion dynamics.
REC8-cohesin, chromatin and transcription orchestrate meiotic recombination in the Arabidopsis genome
Authors: Lambing Christophe , Tock Andrew J. , Choi Kyuha , Topp Stephanie D. , Kuo Pallas C. , Blackwell Alexander R. , Zhao Xiaohui , Osman Kim , Higgins James D. , Franklin F. Chris H. , Henderson Ian R.
Published: January 2019

During meiosis chromosomes undergo DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that can be repaired using a homolog to produce crossovers, which creates genetic diversity. Meiotic recombination occurs coincident with homolog pairing and polymerization of the meiotic axis and synaptonemal complex (SC). REC8-cohesin is required to connect chromosomes to the axis and to organize axis polymerization. However, control of REC8 loading along chromosomes, in relation to chromatin, transcription and recombination, is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we performed REC8 ChIP-seq in Arabidopsis, which revealed strong enrichment in centromeric heterochromatin. REC8 abundance correlates with suppression of meiotic DSBs and crossovers, despite axis loading of SPO11-1 in these regions. Loss of the heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and non-CG DNA methylation in kyp/suvh4 suvh5 suvh6 mutants causes remodeling of REC8 and gain of meiotic recombination locally in repeated sequences, although centromere cohesion is maintained. In the chromosome arms, REC8 is enriched within gene bodies, exons and GC-rich sequences, and anti-correlates with transcription. Highest REC8 occupancy occurred in facultatively silent, H3K27me3-modified genes. Using immunocytology we show that axis polycomplexes form in rec8 mutants that recruit recombination foci with altered stoichiometry, leading to catastrophic non-homologous recombination. Therefore, REC8 plays a key role organizing meiotic chromosome architecture and promoting high-fidelity interhomolog recombination. Despite this pro-recombination role, local REC8 enrichment associates with DSB repression at the fine scale, which is consistent with the tethered-loop/axis model. Coincident with its organizational role during meiosis, REC8-cohesin occupancy along the chromosomes is shaped by multiple chromatin states and transcription.
Explaining success of performance management systems
Authors: Laitinen Erkki K. , Kadak Tarmo
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to use the logical chain of key factors (KFs) to explain the success of performance management systems (PMS) and corporate performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the strength of the KFs chain to capture PMS success. First, the authors assume that perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) is positively associated with the strength (H1). The higher the PEU, the stronger is the chain as a response to uncertainty. Second, the authors assume that the strength improves performance (H2) but third, that the impact of the strength is negatively moderated by competition (H3). Fourth, the authors assume that this improvement leads to superior corporate performance (H4). The research model is tested by applying the partial least squares method for a sample of 61 Estonian and Finnish firms.

Findings

Empirical evidence shows that PEU is negatively correlated to the strength of the chain but when controlled for a set of control variables, the path coefficient is positive. The strength of the chain is positively associated with improvement in performance. The impact of the strength of the chain on financial performance is negatively moderated by competition. The improvement in performance is positively associated with the attainment level of strategic goals. The improvement in non-financial performance does not significantly affect corporate profitability.

Practical implications

The levels of PEU and competition should be taken into the account when designing, adjusting and assessing the PMS of organization.

Originality/value

The authors give explanation why evidence about the effects of PMS on the performance of the firm is mixed.
Mos Geometricus and the Common Law Mind: Interrogating Contract Theory
Authors: Swaminathan Shivprasad
Published: January 2019

Euclidian theories have it that there exist one or a small number of apex principles from which the entire fasciculus of rules of contract law can be logically deduced. Two arguments are marshalled against the Euclidian project. First, that it has been unsuccessfully attempted before – in the form of the nineteenth century contract law treatise which emulated the civil lawyer's rationalistic model, mos geometricus – cautioning us against setting much store by its present reincarnation. Second, that the common law's methodology makes it resistant to this form of theorising. Euclidian theory presupposes a picture of rules on which: a) cases involve an application of logically prior rules; b) rules are reliably identifiable by different actors in the legal system; and c) rules normatively range over an indefinite spectrum of future cases. It will be argued that the common law defies this picture of rules thus rendering Euclidian theory analytically impossible.
UK Abortion Law: Reform Proposals, Private Members’ Bills, Devolution and the Role of the Courts
Authors: Taylor Robert Brett , Wilson Adelyn L.M.
Published: January 2019

UK abortion law remains unsettled, and subject to on‐going controversy and reform. This article offers a comprehensive critique of all reforms implemented or proposed since 2016. It examines reforms proposed in both Houses of Parliament and contextualises them within a public law analysis, showing both that the complex parliamentary processes relating to Private Members’ Bills have frustrated reform attempts, and that these attempts have been contradictory in their aims between the two Houses. Secondly, it examines the unique positions of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales to show the extent to which devolutionary settlements have influenced both reforms and executive involvement. Finally, it examines the potential impact of the courts on abortion law following Re Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission's Application for Judicial Review, showing that the Supreme Court's reframing of the debate in human rights terms is likely to affect abortion law, not only in Northern Ireland, but in the whole of the UK.
Ischaemic colitis associated with intravitreal administration of aflibercept: A first case report
Authors: Batteux Benjamin , Gras Valérie , Mahboud Yanis , Liabeuf Sophie , Bennis Youssef , Masmoudi Kamel
Published: January 2019

In patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) agents reduces disease progression and choroidal neovascularization. We report on a first case of ischaemic colitis associated with intravitreal injection of the anti‐VEGF agent aflibercept in an 80‐year‐old female patient. Conservative treatment resulted in a favourable clinical outcome. The anti‐VEGF agent was discontinued, and the symptoms did not recur. Although the intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF agents has not previously been linked to the occurrence of ischaemic colitis, consideration of aflibercept's pharmacological properties and the chronological relationship between the administration of this anti‐VEGF agent and the occurrence of this systemic adverse event are strongly suggestive of a causal relationship in the present case. Although systemic complications have been rarely associated with intravitreal injections of anti‐VEGF agents, physicians should be aware that novel adverse events can still occur in AMD patients treated with anti‐VEGF agents.
897. SYMPHYOTRICHUM VAHLII
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Strange Kit
Published: January 2019

Symphyotrichum vahlii (Gaudich.) G. L. Nesom (Compositae: Astereae: Symphyotrichinae) is described and illustrated, and the species is provided with an expanded synonymy that includes type citations, known types, and supplementary comments. Notes are provided on cultivation and propagation. Comments are also made on the historical collections representing this species, both as types and early collections, and relating these to early circumnavigations. The likelihood that Thinobia araucana Phil., of the monotypic Thinobia Phil., is this species is also discussed.
898. HELICHRYSUM ‘SUN BURST’
Authors: Strange Kit , Hind Nicholas
Published: January 2019

A new cultivar, Helichrysum ‘Sun Burst’ (Compositae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae), is introduced, described, and illustrated, based on material derived from a cross between a Turkish collection of H. orientale and H. arwae from the Yemen Arab Republic, growing in the Melon Yard, Alpine Nursery at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cultivation and propagation notes are provided. Observations on the diurnal rhythm of the capitula are made, as well as the overlapping flowering time of the parent species in the wild, but possessing a significantly different geographical distribution.
899. ECHINACEA TENNESSEENSIS
Authors: Hind Nicholas
Published: January 2019

Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ziniinae) is described and illustrated, and is accompanied by statements on its distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology and vernacular names. A statement on its conservation status is made. A brief history of Echinacea is provided, with a commentary of the most useful revision discussed. The subtribal position and related genera of Echinacea is discussed, with the most recent account proposing that Echinacea is placed in the subtribe Zinniinae, alongside Zinnia, Sanvitalia and Heliopsis, amongst others, and quite separate from Rudbeckia and Ratibida, with which it has often been allied, now placed in the subtribe Rudbeckiinae.
900. RUDBECKIA MAXIMA
Authors: Hind Nicholas
Published: January 2019

Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae) is described and illustrated. Cultivation, propagation and availability notes are provided. The genus Rudbeckia is discussed, and the position of R. maxima commented on, as well as the somewhat unique key character (the reflectiveness of the leaves under UV light) that has been used to distinguish this and two other species. The relationships of Rudbeckia within the tribe Heliantheae are discussed, especially amongst the other coneflowers. The epappose nature of the achene is discussed. It is considered similar to the situation found in Echinacea tennesseensis: the achene is covered in a dark brown corky layer, over the black phytomelanin layer, and extends above the apex of the achene forming a cupule, within which the dilated base of the disc floret corolla sits.
Blue, Green, and Grey Water Quantification Approaches: A Bibliometric and Literature Review
Authors: Mubako Stanley T.
Published: January 2019

An array of methodologies to quantify blue, green, and grey water have emerged in recent years and are still evolving rapidly, as are efforts to come up with reliable indicators of human appropriation of freshwater resources. This study provides an overview of recent blue, green, and grey water quantification approaches by analyzing publications extracted from the Web of Science database utilizing the Network Analysis Interface for Literature Studies (NAILS) bibliometric analysis tool, covering the period 2000–2018. A steep increase in the number of blue, green, and grey water publications was observed from the year 2009, with the United States and China among the top contributing nations. Blue, green, and grey water quantification approaches used in the analyzed publications were broadly categorized into Water Footprint Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, and Hybrid methodologies. The Water Footprint Network was the most influential hub in terms of providing the most productive and cited authors. “Water footprint” and “virtual water” were unsurprisingly the trendiest and most cited keywords associated with the sample of analyzed publications. The study provides important insights that are helpful in understanding the diversity of techniques that have been applied to quantify blue, green, and grey water in recent assessment studies.
Grey Water: Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Water in California
Authors: Sheikh Bahman , Nelson Kara L. , Haddad Brent , Thebo Anne
Published: January 2019

Potential for use of recycled water is great, especially for agricultural irrigation, which comprises by far the highest percentage of water taken from developed sources in the arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. In California, 80% of developed water is used for agriculture, and the same pattern prevails throughout the western United States. The potential for recycled water use in agriculture remains under‐realized because of numerous impediments. Understanding how the incentives and impediments to agricultural reuse vary based on local context is critical to understanding the tradeoffs and technology requirements for different end uses of recycled water. Public perceptions about the safety of reclaimed water (from human waste) were a major impediment to water recycling until recent years. Several pioneers of water recycling have demonstrated—as specialists in the field of social psychology have hypothesized—that these attitudes are ephemeral and can be changed with proper outreach, demonstration, and education.

Another impediment is the regulatory structure in some states. Water rights issues are another impediment specific to some western states in the United States. Cost differences for delivered water from traditional sources versus recycled water can be another challenge potentially requiring financial incentives in the interest of the greater good. One other impediment to the use of recycled water for agricultural irrigation is competition with other demands for the same water—landscape, golf course, industrial, and potable reuse. Potential for increased use of recycled water is great if impediments are removed and incentives are provided at the local, state, and/or federal levels to close the gaps (geographic and otherwise) between the utilities and the farmers.
Impact of preadmission anti‐inflammatory drug use on the risk of RBC transfusion in elderly hip fracture patients: a Danish nationwide cohort study, 2005–2016
Authors: Glassou Eva N. , Kristensen Nickolaj , Møller Bjarne K. , Erikstrup Christian , Hansen Torben B. , Pedersen Alma B.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Do prescription drugs with anti‐inflammatory properties such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and statins increase the risk of postoperative bleeding measured with RBC transfusion in elderly hip fracture surgery patients?

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Using the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Database, 74,791 patients aged 65 years or older with surgery‐treated hip fracture were identified during 2005–2016, and their use of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and statins was ascertained. For each drug, patients were categorized as nonusers (no prescription ≤365 days prior to surgery), former users (one prescription 91–365 days), and current users (one prescription ≤90 days). Information on surgical treatment, transfusion, other medication and comorbidities were collected using Danish nationwide registries. A log‐binomial model was used to estimate relative risks for RBC transfusion within 7 days of surgery and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Adjustments were made for patient‐ and surgery‐related factors.

RESULTS

Former and current users of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and statins accounted for 22%, 10%, and 24%, respectively. Current users of NSAIDs had an increased adjusted relative risk of transfusion (1.07; confidence interval, 1.04–1.10) compared to nonusers. There was no association between current users of corticosteroids and statins and risk of transfusion.

CONCLUSION

NSAID use within 90 days of a hip fracture surgery was associated with an increased risk of RBC transfusion. Thus, current use of NSAIDs can be associated with an increased risk of postoperative bleeding, but we cannot rule out the influence of confounding.
Stored red blood cells enhance in vivo migration of dendritic cells by promoting reactive oxygen species–induced cytoskeletal rearrangement
Authors: Zhao Man , Zhou Qianqian , He Chulin , Zhang Yulong , Wang Zhengjun , Cai Ruiying , Ma Cong , Li Yuan , Wang Xiaohui , Zhan Linsheng
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

A complex array of physicochemical changes occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) during storage, leading to enhanced posttransfusion clearance. Dendritic cells (DCs) play crucial roles in the engulfment of aged RBCs; however, it is unclear how stored RBCs (sRBCs) modulate their responses to inflammatory stimuli and DC migration ability.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

In this study, we examined whether sRBCs affect the migration ability of DCs and elucidated the detailed mechanisms mediating this process. Murine RBCs were incubated with marrow DCs after removing the storage supernatant. The effects of sRBCs on cytokine secretion from DCs, surface marker expression, and homing ability were examined.

RESULTS

More sRBCs were internalized by DCs than fresh RBCs (fRBCs), and RBC accumulation significantly promoted the expression of allostimulatory molecules and the secretion of Th1‐type cytokines in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In particular, the lymphoid‐tissue homing ability of transfused DCs treated with sRBCs (sRBC‐DCs) was also significantly greater than that of fRBCs. Up regulation of CCR7 and improved organization of the cytoskeleton were observed in sRBC‐DCs, and blocking Rho/Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK), PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB pathways greatly hindered cytoskeletal rearrangement. Moreover, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in sRBC‐DCs, and treatment with N‐acetylcysteine simultaneously decreased the lymph node–homing ability of DCs and phosphorylation of RhoA, ROCK1, and cortactin.

CONCLUSIONS

sRBCs initiated differential immune responses compared to fRBCs, and the presence of LPS augmented this phenomenon. Up regulation of CCR7 and ROS production promotes cytoskeletal reorganization and contributes to the increased homing of sRBCs‐DCs.
T cell receptor–triggered nuclear actin network formation drives CD4
+
T cell effector functions
Authors: Tsopoulidis N. , Kaw S. , Laketa V. , Kutscheidt S. , Baarlink C. , Stolp B. , Grosse R. , Fackler O. T.
Published: January 2019

This study defines calcium-dependent actin polymerization by nuclear Arp2/3 complex as essential for CD4
+
T cell help.
Inflammatory T cells maintain a healing disposition
Authors: Moreau Joshua M. , Rosenblum Michael D.
Published: January 2019

Commensal-specific T cells dually possess type-2 and type-17 effector potential, allowing plasticity in orchestrating tissue immunity.
Complex right atrial mass in endomyocardial fibrosis: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Sharma Arun , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Malhi Amarinder Singh , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2019

Endomyocardial fibrosis, though a vanishing disease from India, remains an important cause of heart failure in children, adolescents and young adults. It may be complicated with arrhythmias and thromboembolism and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, usual presentation of this condition is in advanced stage with poor prognosis. Ventricular endocardial fibrosis with organised thrombus is the hall mark of this entity. Presence of associated cardiac mass poses a diagnostic challenge. We present one such case of endomyocardial fibrosis, in which a large thrombus was seen adherent to the anterolateral wall of right atrium, posing further risk of thromboembolism with complex management issues.
EduCan trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education after breast cancer surgery on pain, physical, emotional and work-related functioning
Authors: De Groef An , Devoogdt Nele , Van der Gucht Elien , Dams Lore , Bernar Koen , Godderis Lode , Morlion Bart , Moloney Niamh , Smeets Ann , Van Wilgen Paul , Meeus Mira
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Over the past decades, awareness on the importance of educational interventions in cancer pain management has increased. However, education is often restricted to biomedical pain management instructions. A more modern educational approach, also known as pain neuroscience education (PNE), explains pain from a biopsychosocial perspective. We hypothesise that this more comprehensive educational approach in the early treatment phase of breast cancer will lead to more beneficial effects for cancer pain management. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of this PNE intervention, in addition to best evidence physical therapy modalities for treatment and prevention of pain, physical, emotional and work-related functioning after breast cancer surgery, compared with a traditional biomedical educational intervention.

Methods

A double-blinded randomised controlled trial has been started in November 2017 at the University Hospitals of Leuven. Immediately after breast cancer surgery, all participants (n=184) receive a 12-week intensive standard physical therapy programme. They receive three additional refresher sessions at 6, 8 and 12 months postsurgery. In addition, participants receive three educational sessions during the first-month postsurgery and three ‘booster sessions’ at 6, 8 and 12 months postsurgery. In the intervention group, the content of the education sessions is based on the modern PNE approach. Whereas in the control group, the education is based on the traditional biomedical approach. The primary outcome parameter is pain-related disability 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes related to other dimensions of pain, physical, emotional and work-related functioning at 1-week, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 months postsurgery.

Ethics and dissemination

The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This protocol has been approved by the ethical committee of the University Hospitals of Leuven. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed scientific journals and presentations at congresses.

Trial registration number

NCT03351075.
Unusual case of transdermal fentanyl in cachexia
Authors: Lam Deborah , Kay Samantha , Pickard Jennie , Harrison Sophie
Published: January 2019

Fentanyl has a low molecular weight and is lipophilic making it suitable for transdermal administration. However, multiple factors appear to lead to interindividual variation in absorption via this route. Here we describe an unusual case where a patient was found to have twelve 100 μg/hour fentanyl patches in situ which she was using as background analgesia.
Optimising antiplatelet utilisation in the acute care setting: a novel threshold for medical intervention in suspected acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Reynard Charles , Morris Niall , Moss Phil , Jarman Heather , Body Richard
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To construct a model to optimise and personalise recommendations for antiplatelet prescription for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Acknowledging that emergency physicians work with diagnostic uncertainty, we sought to identify the point at which the probability of ACS is sufficiently high that the benefits of antiplatelet treatment outweigh the risks. Second, we evaluated the projected clinical impact of this approach by using a clinical prediction model (Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS)) to calculate the probability of ACS.

Methods

We conducted three systematic reviews, quantifying the effects of ticagrelor, clopidogrel or aspirin-alone treatment strategies for ACS (November 2017). We extracted data for (a) clinical outcomes and (b) weighted patient preferences (utilities) for each outcome. We then constructed utilitarian models, simulating the probability of clinical outcomes with different treatment strategies. This identified the threshold probability of ACS at which each treatment strategy became superior.

We validated this approach in a prospective diagnostic study including patients with suspected ACS that was conducted at two large UK teaching hospitals (St George’s Hospital London recruited October 2015 to June 2017 and Manchester Royal Infirmary: February 2015 to August 2017). We calculated the probability of ACS using T-MACS. The diagnosis of ACS was adjudicated based on serial high-sensitivity troponin testing and 30-day follow-up.

Results

We constructed three models using data from six studies. Prescribing ticagrelor had greatest overall benefit when the probability of ACS exceeded 8.0%. Below that threshold, aspirin alone yielded greater benefit. The validation study included 660 patients, of which 87 (13.2%) had ACS. Prescription of combined antiplatelet strategy to patients with >8% probability of ACS had greater utility than aspirin alone.

Conclusion

Treatment with ticagrelor appears to yield greater net benefit for patients when the probability of ACS >8%. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of this ‘precision medicine’ approach warrants further study.
UK consensus on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: ‘Association of British Neurologists’ guidelines
Authors: Dobson Ruth , Dassan Pooja , Roberts Megan , Giovannoni Gavin , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Brex Peter A
Published: January 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more common in women than men and is most commonly diagnosed in early adulthood; thus, many patients will not have completed their families at the time of diagnosis. There is increasing awareness of the importance of early treatment in preventing long-term disability in MS. Delaying treatment until women with MS have completed their families can lead to the development of irreversible disability in at least some cases. It is therefore important to discuss family planning and pregnancy proactively. However, to date there is limited evidence to inform such discussions. We set out to develop consensus guidelines for the treatment of MS in pregnancy to encourage and facilitate discussions in this important area. The guidelines draw on available evidence from drug-specific pregnancy registers and published literature and have been scored by a panel of experts from a variety of disciplines using modified Delphi criteria. They cover prepregnancy counselling, management during pregnancy, delivery and anaesthetic options, postpartum advice and specific advice regarding currently licensed disease-modifying drugs. As the complexity and range of available disease-modifying drugs increase, further data gathering via a UK-wide MS pregnancy register is recommended.
Recurrence Quantification Analysis of the Period-Doubling Sequence
Authors: Špitalský Vladimír
Published: January 2019

The period-doubling sequence is one of the most well-known aperiodic [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] sequences. In this paper, a complete description of its symbolic recurrence plot is given, and formulas for asymptotic values of basic recurrence quantifiers are derived.
The Mechanized Marriage of Effects and Monads with Applications to High-assurance Hardware
Authors: Reynolds Thomas N. , Procter Adam , Harrison William L. , Allwein Gerard
Published: January 2019

Constructing high-assurance, secure hardware remains a challenge, because to do so relies on both a verifiable means of hardware description and implementation. However, production hardware description languages (HDL) lack the formal underpinnings required by formal methods in security. Still, there is no such thing as high-assurance systems without high-assurance hardware. We present a core calculus of secure hardware description with its formal semantics, security type system, and mechanization in Coq. This calculus is the core of the functional HDL, ReWire, shown in previous work to have useful applications in reconfigurable computing. This work supports a full-fledged, formal methodology for producing high-assurance hardware.
Attachment in Adulthood: Recent Developments, Emerging Debates, and Future Directions
Authors: Fraley R. Chris
Published: January 2019

Some of the most emotionally powerful experiences result from the development, maintenance, and disruption of attachment relationships. In this article, I review several emerging themes and unresolved debates in the social-psychological study of adult attachment, including debates about the ways in which attachment-related functions shift over the course of development, what makes some people secure or insecure in their close relationships, consensual nonmonogamy, the evolutionary function of insecure attachment, and models of thriving through relationships.
Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Hartwig Maria , Granhag Pär Anders
Published: January 2019

The relationship between nonverbal communication and deception continues to attract much interest, but there are many misconceptions about it. In this review, we present a scientific view on this relationship. We describe theories explaining why liars would behave differently from truth tellers, followed by research on how liars actually behave and individuals’ ability to detect lies. We show that the nonverbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and that people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior. We also discuss why individuals hold misbeliefs about the relationship between nonverbal behavior and deception—beliefs that appear very hard to debunk. We further discuss the ways in which researchers could improve the state of affairs by examining nonverbal behaviors in different ways and in different settings than they currently do.
Revenge: A Multilevel Review and Synthesis
Authors: Jackson Joshua Conrad , Choi Virginia K. , Gelfand Michele J.
Published: January 2019

Why do people take revenge? This question can be difficult to answer. Vengeance seems interpersonally destructive and antithetical to many of the most basic human instincts. However, an emerging body of social scientific research has begun to illustrate a logic to revenge, demonstrating why revenge evolved in humans and when and how people take revenge. We review this evidence and suggest that future studies on revenge would benefit from a multilevel perspective in which individual acts of revenge exist within higher-level cultural systems, with the potential to instigate change in these systems over time. With this framework, we can better understand the interplay between revenge's psychological properties and its role in cultural evolution.
Disrupted Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Liu Xiaozheng , Tu Yunhai , Zang Yirou , Wu Aiqin , Guo Zhongwei , He Jiawei
Published: January 2019

Depressive symptoms are common in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who have an increased risk of dementia. It is currently unclear whether the pattern of spontaneous brain activity in patients with MCI differs between subjects with and without depressive symptoms. The current study sought to investigate the features of spontaneous brain activity in MCI patients with depressive symptoms (D-MCI) using coherence regional homogeneity (CReHo) analysis with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). We obtained rsfMRI data in 16 MCI patients with depressive symptoms and 18 nondepressed MCI patients (nD-MCI) using a 3 T scanner. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the regions in which ReHo differed between the two groups in specific frequency bands, slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.010–0.027 Hz), and typical bands (0.01–0.08 Hz). Correlation analyses were performed between the CReHo index of these regions and clinical variables to evaluate the relationship between CReHo and pathophysiological measures in the two groups. Our results showed that D-MCI patients exhibited significantly higher CReHo in the left Heschl’s gyrus and left thalamus and lower CReHo in the left postcentral gyrus in the typical frequency band. In the slow-4 frequency band, D-MCI patients showed significantly higher CReHo in the left Heschl’s gyrus and left thalamus. In the slow-5 frequency band, D-MCI patients exhibited significantly lower CReHo in the superior medial prefrontal gyrus. In addition, the results revealed that CReHo values in the left thalamus were positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores in D-MCI patients. These results suggest that the sensorimotor network may be one of the main pathophysiological factors in D-MCI.
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes following Combined Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Lateral Instrumentation for the Treatment of Degenerative Spine Deformity: A Preliminary Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Can , Cheng Cheng , Jian Fengzeng , Wu Hao
Published: January 2019

Objective. The authors recently used a combination of minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and lateral fixation for the treatment of degenerative spine deformity. The early results were promising. Radiographic and clinical results as well as complications were retrospectively assessed in the current study. Methods. Eleven patients with degenerative spine deformity underwent combined OLIF and lateral instrumentation without real-time electromyography (EMG) monitoring. Radiographic measurements including coronal Cobb angle, central sacral vertebral line (CSVL), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertebral axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), and LL-PI (pelvic incidence) mismatch were taken preoperatively and at last follow-up postoperatively in all patients. Concurrently, the visual analog score (VAS) for back pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were used to assess clinical outcomes. The fusion rate of OLIF cage, total blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, and complications were also evaluated. Results. At last follow-up, all patients who underwent combined OLIF and lateral instrumentation achieved statistically significant improvement in coronal Cobb angle (from 15.3±4.7° to 5.9±3.1°, p < 0.01), LL (from 34.3±9.0° to 48.2±8.5°, p < 0.01), PT (from 24.2±9.6° to 16.2±6.0°, p < 0.01), LL-PI mismatch (from 15.4±8.7° to 7.0±3.7°, p < 0.01), CSVL (from 2.1±2.2cm to 0.7±0.9cm, p = 0.01), and SVA (from 7.0±3.9cm to 2.9±1.8cm, p < 0.01). VAS for back pain (from 6.9±1.4 to 2.0±0.9, p < 0.05) and ODI (from 39.5±3.1 to 21.9±3.6, p < 0.01) improved significantly after surgery. Conclusions. A combination of OLIF and lateral instrumentation is an effective and safety means of achieving correction of both coronal and sagittal deformity, resulting in improvement of quality of life in patients with degenerative spine deformity. It is a promising way to treat patients with moderate degenerative spine deformity.
Una evaluación de la reforma laboral
Authors: Donaire Claudia
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo resume los objetivos tenidos de la Reforma Laboral al sistema de relaciones laborales, sus fundamentos y propuestas más relevantes, como la gran polarización que concitó a poco andar de su tramitación legislativa. La confrontación y desconfianza entre los actores sociales, diagnosticado como un problema que compromete la trayectoria de desarrollo del país, finalmente contaminó su discusión y tramitación legislativa. Con todo, se espera que los atributos de algunas de las nuevas regulaciones sirvan al propósito de mejorar la calidad de las negociaciones y fortalecer la sindicalización.
Some new and interesting desmids (Streptophyta, Desmidiales) from ephemeral puddles in the urban and industrial areas of Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Authors: VAN GEEST ALFRED , COESEL PETER
Published: January 2019

From ephemeral puddles in the urban and industrial areas of Amsterdam (Netherlands) four new species are described: Cosmarium amstelodamense, C. galeatum, C. fruticosum and C. scutiforme. In addition, three previously described species causing much taxonomic confusion, viz. C. notabile, C. rostafinskii and C. benedictum, are reconsidered. Ephemeral puddles as potential habitat of rarely observed desmid taxa are briefly reviewed.
Syagrus amicorum, a new Arecaceae from Bahia, Brazil

Authors: SOARES KELEN PUREZA , GUIMARÃES CARLOS ALEX LIMA
Published: January 2019

Syagrus amicorum, a new Arecaceae species is described and illustrated. This species occurs in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Data on habitat, ecology, etymology, geographical distribution, morphological affinity and status of conservation according to the IUCN criteria are provided.
A reinvestigation on the taxonomic identity of Rhynchospora panduranganii (Cyperaceae)
Authors: DEEPU S. , THOMAS WILLIAM WAYT
Published: January 2019

The taxonomic identity of Rhynchospora panduranganii and R. corymbosa (Cyperaceae) is resolved based on a detailed study of both herbarium specimens and living collections. We provide distinguishing characters of both species, along with photographs for easy identification.
Mitochondrial DNA and morphometrical identification of a new species of Hylomyscus (Rodentia: Muridae) from West Africa
Authors: NICOLAS VIOLAINE , OLAYEMI AYODEJII , WENDELEN WIM , COLYN MARC
Published: January 2019

In this paper we describe a new species of Hylomyscus based on molecular (Cyt b and 16S rDNA gene sequencing) and morphometrical analyses. This new species occurs in Benin and Nigeria, and probably also in Togo. It differs by 8.29 to 10.40 % of sequence divergence (K2P distance for the Cyt b gene) from all other species of the H. alleni species complex, and can be distinguished from these species through morphometrical multivariate analyses. It differs significantly from its closest relative, H. simus, by four external and nine cranio-dental measurements. The role of rivers and Pleistocene forest refugia in the diversification of the H. alleni species complex is discussed.
Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago
Authors: CALDER DALE R.
Published: January 2019

A systematic account is given of 17 families, 25 genera, and 32 species of anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps reported from Hawaii. Applying Reversal of Precedence provisions in zoological nomenclature, the familiar hydrozoan genus names Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844a, Bimeria Wright, 1859a, and Porpita Lamarck, 1801 are designated as valid and as nomena protecta, while seldom-used older names threatening them (the synonyms Echinochorium Hassall, 1841 and Manicella Allman, 1859a, and the homonym Porpita Soldani, 1789 respectively) are relegated to nomena oblita. Also designated a nomen oblitum is the name Pyxidium Leuckart, 1856, threatening its junior but widely used synonym Ectopleura L. Agassiz, 1862. The species name Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859a is rendered valid and a nomen protectum, while its virtually unused senior synonym Manicella fusca Allman, 1859 becomes a nomen oblitum. Hydrodendrium Nutting, 1905 is reinstated as a valid genus, distinct from Hydractinia and replacing its junior objective synonym Nuttingia Stechow, 1909. The spelling of Hydrodendridae Nutting, 1905 is emended to Hydrodendriidae, but that family name is retained as a synonym of Hydractiniidae. Usage of the familiar generic name Sphaerocoryne Pictet, 1893 is upheld by recognizing it and its former senior subjective synonym Corynetes Haeckel, 1879 as valid. The correct spelling of the family name originally founded as Olindiadae Haeckel, 1879 is taken to be Olindiidae, and spelling of the species name Solanderia misakinensis (Inaba, 1892), first established as Dendrocryne (sic) misakii, is stabilized. One new species, Stylactaria munita, is described from shallow waters at Hawaii Kai, Oahu. Lectotypes are designated for Corydendrium corrugatum Nutting, 1905 and Corydendrium minor Nutting, 1905 (=Turritopsis minor), both originally described from Hawaii. Type material of Balea mirabilis Nutting, 1905 (=Balella mirabilis), originally described from waters between the islands of Molokai and Maui, could not be located. Six anthoathecate species [Corydendrium parasiticum (Linnaeus, 1767), Bimeria vestita, Amphinema sp., Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882, Ectopleura viridis (Pictet, 1893), and Sphaerocoryne bedoti Pictet, 1893] are recorded from Hawaii for the first time.
Effects of Phenylalanine on the Liquid-Expanded and Liquid-Condensed States of Phosphatidylcholine Monolayers
Authors: Cutro Andrea C , Disalvo E Anibal , Frías María A
Published: January 2019

Background:

Phenylalanine (Phe) is involved in physiological and pathological processes in cell membranes in which expanded and condensed states coexist. In this direction, it was reported that surface hydration is important for the binding affinity of the amino acid which significantly perturbs 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) monolayer structure and morphology. A deeper insight showed that Phe inserts in DPPC monolayer defects as a monomer at pH 5 and forms aggregates that adsorb to the membrane surface generating a reconfiguration of the lipid arrangement in areas of higher packing. This new arrangement in the monolayer causes the reorientation of dipoles of lipid and water molecules which is congruent with the dehydration and surface tension changes reported above. With this background, this article studies the affinity of Phe in liquid-expanded 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine (LE DMPC) and liquid-condensed 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LC DPPC) monolayers and their effects on membrane properties.

Results:

The adsorption of Phe can be described by a cooperative process in non-independent sites suggesting that Phe/lipid systems reorganize to form new structures at a high degree of coverage. Compressibility modulus and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) images allow to propose that Phe causes a new phase in 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine (DMPC) and DPPC.

Conclusions:

Phe imposes new arrangements in the lipid phase to form new structures with different compressibility behavior than lipid binary mixtures of DMPC and DPPC. Phe interaction with the LC and LE phases gives place to a process in which a synergistic effect between non-independent sites can be produced. These features of Phe/lipid interaction would be of great importance to understand the multiple effects of Phe on cell membranes.