bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embolism After Injection of a Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Substitute
Authors: Tadje Jacob M. , Daines S. Bradley
Published: September 2022

Case:

A 66-year-old man presented with new left hip pain after total hip arthroplasty 21 years earlier. Computed tomography imaging revealed massive osteolysis involving the ileum behind the well-fixed acetabular component. The patient was indicated for head and liner exchange with grafting of the osteolytic lesion. Surgery was complicated by cardiopulmonary arrest after injection of a bone graft substitute into the lesion. Despite resuscitation attempts, the patient died.

Conclusion:

Embolism is a rare complication of bone graft substitute injection for pelvic osteolysis. This material can extravasate from bone and deposit in the pulmonary and cerebral microcirculation.
Risk Factors for the Development of Heterotopic Ossification Following Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Yeung Phillip , Zarnett Oren , Lefaivre Kelly A. , Guy Pierre
Published: September 2022

Background:

Heterotopic ossification (HO) following acetabular fractures is a common complication that may affect clinical outcomes. However, the effects of prophylactic treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or radiation therapy remain controversial. While several factors have been related to the development of HO, there is considerable uncertainty regarding their importance or effect size in the setting of acetabular surgery. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize the risk factors for HO following the operative fixation of acetabular fractures and clarify their interrelationships.

Methods:

In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to February 2021. Studies that assessed factors related to HO development among patients with operatively repaired acetabular fractures were included. Outcomes were risk factors and their effect size (p values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals).

Results:

Twenty-five studies and 1 conference abstract with a total of 3,940 patients were included. The following risk factors for HO were identified. Patient factors were increased body mass index, male sex, and increased age. Injury factors were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay, non-ICU hospitalization for >10 days, the need for mechanical ventilation for ≥2 days, abdominal and/or chest injuries, the number and type of associated fractures, traumatic brain injuries, T-type acetabular fractures, pelvic ring injuries, and hip dislocation. Care factors were a delay to surgery, extensile and posterior surgical approaches to the hip, trochanteric osteotomy, postoperative step-off of >3 mm, and a delay to prophylaxis following injury or surgery. Ethnicity, Injury Severity Score, cause of the fracture, femoral head injuries, degloving injuries, comminution, intra-articular debris, the type of bone void filler, gluteus minimus muscle preservation, prolonged operative time, and intraoperative patient position were not risk factors for developing HO.

Conclusions:

HO following operative fixation of acetabular fractures is not uncommon, with severe-grade HO associated with substantial disability. Careful consideration of the risk factor effect sizes and interdependencies could aid physicians in identifying patients at risk for developing HO and guide their prophylactic management. The results of this study could establish a framework for future studies.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Oligocene–late Miocene basin evolution in the Yengejeh syncline in the Central Iranian Basin in response to the Arabia–Eurasia orogeny
Authors: Etemad-Saeed Najmeh , Najafi Mahdi , Nasirizadeh Negar
Published: September 2022

The Central Iranian Basin has developed during a multi-episodic collision between the Arabian and Eurasian continents since the late Eocene–early Oligocene, following the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Herein, we present detailed sedimentological and provenance data of the Oligocene–upper Miocene synorogenic strata, including the unconformity-bounded Lower Red, Qom, and Upper Red formations, in the Yengejeh syncline in the NW termination of Central Iran, to analyze stratigraphy, depositional environments, and provenance. Our results indicate that the sedimentary system has evolved in five stages coeval with regional deformational and volcanic events: a) deposition of the Lower Red Formation in an alluvial fan containing the first appearance of Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic clasts sourced from the proximal southwestern Takab Complex, exhumed by the onset of Arabian–Eurasian soft collision in late Eocene–early Oligocene; b) Burdigalian transgression of the Qom Sea and shallow-water carbonate sedimentation influenced by continuous pyroclastic inputs and lava flows from an active volcanic center; c) deposition of the M1 unit of the Upper Red Formation in a continental sabkha in arid climate conditions during Burdigalian–Langhian and the first appearance of internal clasts derived from the folded Qom Formation layers due to the Arabian–Eurasian hard collision; d) fluvial deposition of the M2 unit during the Langhian–Tortonian with sediments derived from the Qom Formation and Takab Complex; and e) deposition of the uppermost siliciclastics of the M2 unit at the edge of an alluvial fan during the late Miocene, after a period of pyroclastic fallout in the Tortonian. In general, the source-to-sink relationship is controlled by the development of tectono-topographic relief in the crystalline core of the Zagros Mountains that configured the source areas in the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt supplying the NW termination of Central Iran through a well-developed drainage system towards the Caspian Sea. Coeval with the deformational events, magmatic phases supplied a large volume of volcaniclastic inputs both before the Neo-Tethys slab break-off and after the hard continental collision. The depositional environments and provenance of the studied sedimentary record provide an analog for the development of synorogenic hinterland basins worldwide along with the well-known Altiplano Basin of the Andes and Hoh Xil Basin of Tibet.
CL-duo modules
Authors: Ahmed Muna Abbas
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study a new concept (up to our knowledge) named CL-duo modules, which is bigger than that of duo modules, and smaller than weak duo module which is given by Ozcan and Harmanci. Several properties are investigated. Also we consider some characterizations of CL-duo modules. Moreover, many relationships are given for this class of modules with other related classes of modules such as weak duo modules, P-duo modules.
Autoinducer-2 and bile salts induce c-di-GMP synthesis to repress the T3SS via the CesD/SycD/LcrH family of chaperones
Authors: Li Shuyu , Sun Hengxi , Li Jianghan , Zhao Yujiao , Wang Ruiying , Xu Lei , Duan Chongyi , Li Jialin , Wang Zhuo , Liu Qinmeng , Wang Yao , Ouyang Songying , Shen Xihui , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2022

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger that transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses, efficiently coordinating a plethora of important biological processes. Low levels of c-di-GMP are often associated with highly virulent behavior that depends on the type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors encoded, whereas elevated levels of c-di-GMP lead to the repression of T3SSs. However, extracellular signals that modulate c-di-GMP metabolism to control T3SSs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here, we identify a GAPES1 domain-containing diguanylate cyclase (DGC) YeaJ that senses the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) to repress T3SS-1 gene expression inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. YeaJ homologs capable of sensing AI-2 are present in many other species belonging toEnterobacterales. We also reveal that bile components taurocholate and taurodeoxycholate bind to the periplasmic sensory domain of the DGC YedQ to induce intracellular accumulation of c-di-GMP, thus repressing the expression of T3SS-1 genes. Further, we found that c-di-GMP negatively controls the function of T3SSs through binding to the widely conserved CesD/SycD/LcrH family of T3SS chaperones. Our results support a model in which bacteria sense changes in population density and host-derived cues to regulate c-di-GMP synthesis, thereby modulating the activity of T3SSs via a c-di-GMP-responsive T3SS chaperone.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the Vero cell lines by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Malá Zuzana , Vojta Marek , Loskot Jan , Sleha Radek , Ježek Bruno , Zelenka Josef
Published: September 2022

In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the cell structure of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Our measurements revealed infection remodeling caused by infection, including the emergence of new specialized areas where viral morphogenesis occurs at the cell membrane. Intercellular extensions for viral cell surfing have also been observed. Our results expand our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with cells, its spread from cell to cell, and their size distribution. Our findings suggest that SEM is a useful microscopic method for intracellular ultrastructure analysis of cells exhibiting specific surface modifications that could also be applied to studying other important biological processes.
The CNN-GRU model with frequency analysis module for sea surface temperature prediction
Authors: Han Ying , Sun Kaiqiang , Yan Jianing , Dong Changming
Published: September 2022

Sea surface temperature is an important parameter of ocean hydrology. Accurate prediction of sea surface temperature is of great significance for ocean economic development and extreme weather prevention. Application of deep learning based method in sea surface temperature prediction has significantly increased due to its high analytical power. Nevertheless, sea surface temperature time series are so volatile and stochastic, leading to the fact that in depth analysis and accurate prediction of sea sea surface temperature are still challenging. Considering non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics in sea surface temperature sequence, variational mode decomposition is adopted as the de-noising module to reduce the influence of noise. Furthermore, the convolutional neural network is combined with the gated recurrent unit network to extract both spatial and temporal features in sea surface temperature sequence, simultaneously. Finally, a sea surface temperature prediction model based on deep learning model with frequency analysis module is proposed in this paper. The sea surface temperature of East China Sea is selected for empirical study. Through comparisons with the benchmarked models and existing deep learning based models, it is proved that the proposed model holds a relatively stable, efficient and effective performance in sea surface temperature prediction.
Predicting the Peak Flow and Assessing the Hydrologic Hazard of Kessem Dam, Ethiopia using Machine Learning and RMC-RFA Software
Authors: Ergete Esayase Tesfaye , Ayele Elias Gebebeyhu , Geremew Getachew Bereta
Published: September 2022

Flooding due to overtopping during peak flow in embankment dams primarily causes dam failure. Kessem River watershed of the Awash basin in the Rift Valley of Afar region in Ethiopia has been studied intricately to predict the causes of Kessem dam safety using machine learning predictive models and Risk Management Centre-Reservoir Frequency Analysis (RMC-RFA). Recently developed Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) predictive models with hybrid with Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) were used for simulation of the river flow. Peak daily inflow to the reservoir is predicted to be 467.72m3/s, 435.88m3/s, and 513.55m3/s in 2035, 2061, and 2090, respectively. The hydrologic hazard analysis results show 2,823.57m3/s and 935.21m, 2,126.3m3/s and 934.18m and 11,491.1m3/s and 942.11m peak discharge and maximum reservoir water level during the periods of 2022-2050, 2051-2075, and 2076-2100, respectively, for 0.0001 Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP). Kessem Dam may potentially be overtopped by a flood with a return period of about 10,000 years during the period of 2076–2100. Quantitative hydrologic risk assessment of the dam is used for dam safety evaluation to decide whether the existing structure provides an adequate level of safety, and if not, what modifications are necessary to improve the dam's safety. Hence, the dam requires further risk analysis study and dam safety modification to control this probable failure mode during the indicated time.
Biomechanical mechanism of microimplant combined with traction hooks of different heights for overall distal upper dentition
Authors: yiqiang lin , tiantian zheng
Published: September 2022

Objective
To investigate the biomechanical mechanism of microimplant combined with traction hooks of different heights for overall distal upper dentition in patients with maxillary protrusion without tooth extraction.
Materials and methods
Twenty patients (18–30 years old) with maxillary protrusion without tooth extraction participated in the study between March 2019 and May 2020 in the Department of Orthodontics, Shanxi Medical University. They were randomly divided into two groups. The microimplants were implanted in the maxilla between 15 and 16 and 25 and 26, about 10 mm from the archwire, and the traction hooks were between 12 and 13 and 22 and 23. Group A:the force line of the microimplant and the traction hook was below the center of resistance of the maxillary arch and the anterior teeth; Group B: the force of the microimplant and traction hook was close to the center of resistance of the anterior teeth. The lateral cephalic radiographs before and after treatment were measured and analyzed to determine the influence of the two groups on the depression of the upper posterior teeth, rotation of the occlusal plane, advancement of the chin, and the depth of the mental labial groove.
Results
The values of FH-OP, U1-PP, U6A-PP, U6D-PP, Ptm-U6D, LL-B'-Pog', and Pog'-G after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the value of B'-LLPog' increased significantly after treatment than that before treatment in Group A. The values of Ptm-U6D and B'-LLPog' after treatment in group B were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the value of LL-B'-Pog' after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment; the other values were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The anterior teeth were retracted with implants. When the force of the implant and traction hook was below the center of resistance of the maxillary arch and the anterior teeth, the occlusal plane was counterclockwise, the maxillary molars were tilted backward and moved backward, and the Mentolabial Sulcus was deepened, and the chin region could be moved forward.
Advancing guideline quality through country-wide and regional appraisal of CPGs: a scoping review
Authors: Allister Marli Mc , Florez Ivan D. , Stoker Suzaan , McCaul Michael
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective:
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are evaluated for quality with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool(s), and this is increasingly done for different countries and regional groupings. This study aimed to describe, map, and compare these geographical synthesis studies, that assessed CPG quality using the AGREE tool(s). This allowed for a global interpretation of the current landscape of these country-wide or regional quality reviews, and a closer look at their methodology and results.
Study design and Methods:
A scoping review was conducted searching databases Medline, Embase, Epistemonikos, and grey literature on 5 October 2021 for review studies using the latest AGREE tool(s) to evaluate country-wide or regional CPG quality. Country-wide or regional reviews were the units of analysis, and simple descriptive statistics was used to conduct the analysis. AGREE scores were analysed across subgroups into one of the seven SDG regions, to allow for meaningful interpretation.
Results
Fifty-seven studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria, including 2918 CPGs. Regions of the Global North, and Eastern and South-East Asia were best represented. Studies were consistent in reporting and presenting their AGREE domain and overall results, but only 18% (n = 10) reported development methods and 19% (n = 11) reported use of GRADE. Overall scores for domains Rigor of development and Editorial independence were low, notably in middle-income countries. There were no reviews from low-income countries. Editorial Independence, especially, were low across all regions with a maximum domain score of 46%.
Conclusion
There is an increasing tendency to appraise country-wide and regional CPGs using quality appraisal tools, and this will expectantly improve quality of CPGs globally. The AGREE tool(s), evaluated in this study, were used well and consistently across studies. Findings of low report rates of development of CPGs and of use of GRADE is concerning, as is low domain scores globally for Editorial Independence. Transparent reporting of funding and competing interests, as well as highlighting evidence-to-decision processes, should assist in further improving quality as Clinicians (especially those from lower income regions) are in dire need of high-quality guidelines.
Developing the Functional Relation of Input parameters in single-point incremental forming through Dimensional Analysis
Authors: oraon manish , sharma vinay
Published: September 2022

The system is designed with the basics of fundamental units termed dimensional analysis (DA). The fundamental units are modeled to figure out some quantitative measures without the knowledge of the system behavior. Subsequently, the dimension analysis-based modeling helps to develop the functional relation of input parameters for the set objectives. The generalized model is validated with the output of experiments with an agreement to adopt the model within a certain range of error. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is an innovative sheet metal forming technique in which the forming of metal sheets to the desired shape without using dedicated dies. The SPIF investigations and declared results are desperately waiting for its industrial acceptability but yet the optimization of the process is absent. The current study is to develop the functional relation of input parameters of SPIF through dimensional analysis. Multiple input parameters such as step-down size, diameter and area of forming tool, feed rate of the tool, the ultimate tensile strength of the blank (metal sheet) and density of blank, lubricants, rotational and transverse speed of forming tool are taken for experiments as well as model development. The model confirmed the functional relation of step-down size and area of tool end for surface roughness. Similarly, UTS of the blank (σ), thickness of the metal sheet (t), and tool end diameter (d) is observed as the prominent parameters for vertical force (Fz) whereas the step-down size (Δz) are dominate inversely the Fz-value. The acceptable limit of mean error for Ra and Fz is noted as 6.136nm and 2.044N respectively. The modified i.e. best fitted Ra and Fz are lower than the experimental and ANN values.
Imaging the field inside nanophotonic devices
Authors: Fishman Tal , Haeusler Urs , Dahan Raphael , Yannai Michael , Adiv Yuval , Abudi Tom , Shiloh Roy , Eyal Ori , Yousefi Peyman , Eisenstein Gadi , Hommelhoff Peter , Kaminer Ido
Published: September 2022

Controlling optical fields on the subwavelength scale is at the core of any nanophotonic device. Of particular interest are nanophotonic particle accelerators that promise a compact alternative to conventional radiofrequency-based accelerators. Efficient electron acceleration in such compact devices critically depends on achieving nanometer control of electron trajectories by precisely designed optical nearfields inside the device. However, these nearfields have so far been inaccessible due to the complexity of the devices and their geometrical constraints, hampering efforts to design and optimize future nanophotonic particle accelerators. Here we present the first measurement of the field distribution inside a nanophotonic accelerator. We develop a novel microscopy approach based on photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM) to achieve frequency-tunable deep-subwavelength imaging of the nearfield inside nanophotonic accelerators. We compare the two leading designs of nanophotonic accelerators, also known as dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs): a dual-pillar structure with distributed Bragg reflector and an inverse-designed resonant structure. Our experiments are complemented by full 3D simulations, unveiling surprising deviations from the expected designs, showing complex field distributions related to intricate 3D features in the device and its fabrication tolerances. We further envision a tomography method to image the 3D field distribution, key for the future development of high-precision and hence high-efficiency DLA devices as well as other nanophotonic devices.
Localised Thermal Levering Events Drive Spontaneous Kinetic Oscillations in Catalysis
Authors: Decarolis Donato , Panchal Monik , Quesne Matthew , Mohammed Khaled , Xu Shaojun , Isaacs Mark , Keenan Luke , Wakisaka Takuo , Kusada Kohei , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Catlow C. Richard , Gibson Emma , Goguet Alexandre , Wells Peter
Published: September 2022

Unravelling kinetic oscillations, that arise spontaneously during catalysis, has been a challenge for decades; not only to understand these complex phenomena but also in an aim to exploit kinetics at the peak maxima. In this study, through temporally and spatially resolved operando analysis, we demonstrate that CO oxidation over Rh/Al2O¬3 involves a series of thermal levering events – CO oxidation, Boudouard reaction, and carbon combustion – which drive oscillatory CO2 formation. This catalytic sequence relies on harnessing localised temperature episodes at the nanoparticle level that provides an efficient means to drive unfavourable reactions, where the macroscopic conditions do not allow. This insight provides a new basis for coupling thermal events at the nanoscale for efficient harvesting of energy, essential for emerging net-zero carbon technologies.
Detection and recognition based on machine learning and deep learning for Morse signal in wide-band wireless spectrum
Authors: Gao Zhenbin , Zhang Yi , Su Shaoying , Liu Jinyuan
Published: September 2022

Morse code radio communication is one of the indispensable shortwave communication methods, but the automatic receiving effect is poor. The accuracy and speed of detection and recognition, in the environment of neighborhood interference and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), cannot meet the practical requirements, which is a problem that needs to be solved. Combined with machine learning and deep learning, we propose an automatic Morse signal detection and recognition algorithm based on the ED-FE-CCBC structure. First, based on the time-frequency spectrum, the radio audio signal is adaptively energy sorted, and the target signal is detected according to the characteristics of bandwidth, windowed standard deviation, etc., and its frequency points are calculated. Then, narrow-band digital filtering is performed on the original audio signal with this frequency point as the center frequency, the target signal frequency band is re-extracted on the time-frequency spectrum after noise reduction, and the frequency spectrum is enhanced by pseudo-color. Finally, the pseudo-color image is put into the proposed network for identification and to realize end-to-end decoding. To evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness, we use two parts of the data of simulation signal and professional training terminal audio to conduct experiments. The results show that in a complex channel environment, the ED-FE-CCBC algorithm can effectively detect and recognize Morse signals. While ensuring real-time performance, the recognition accuracy is better than the most advanced methods.
AI Business Models: A Strategic Business Dynamics
Authors: Mishra Shrutika , Mishra Priyanshu
Published: September 2022

A lot of research has been done recently in evolving the artificial intelligence business model framework. However, one issue is still undeveloped, immature to understood, even it has vital for budding and progressive managers, policy decision makers, and academics alike, namely, how businesses transform and develop their AI business models framework to accomplish continuous value formation. Businesses which achieve to make value over prolonged stages of time effectively figure, acclimate and recommence their business models with AI technology to fuel such value formation. Sketch on verdicts from a research program on uninterruptedly buddingbusinesses. This paper categorizes three perilouscompetences, namely an alignment towards investigating with and manipulatinginnovative business openings; a well-adjusted use of properties; as well as attaininglucidity between management, ethos, and member of staff obligations, together decisive key maneuveringschedules. We conclude the paper by signifyingconsequences for AI business model framework research and experts, providing a tool for executives which permits them to reproduce on and classifyperilousproblems relevant for shifting and emerging their business model to sustain value creation. In this paper we are trying to explore the keys of Business Model Framework with revolutionizes business market ecosystem.
Genetic Diversity of the Camellia oleifera Abel. Germplasm and Development of a Core Collection Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Wang Pengliang , Su Jiexa , Wu Hongying , Chen Yuansong , Xie Yayu , Wang Huayu , He Guizheng , Chen Naiming , Wei Changjiang , Yang Liping , Zhang Zhaoyuan
Published: September 2022

Camellia oleifera is an important oilseed crop. With the increasing attention given to C. oleifera, germplasms have been collected, and banks have recently been established or renewed. The lack of knowledge of genomic SSRs, limited investigation into the genetic diversity of the germplasm bank, and lack of a core collection have hindered the breeding of oil tea. Therefore, genomic libraries were constructed and sequenced, and all clean reads were assembled into 673,863 unigenes. In total, 27,953 SSRs were detected from all the unigenes, and 17,517 SSR primer pairs were successfully designed. Furthermore, we re-evaluated the genetic diversity of the germplasm bank of C. oleifera using 22 SSR markers. The number of alleles (Na) ranged from 4 to 25, with an average of 11.41; the effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 2.014 to 9.284, with an average of 4.800; the Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.716 to 2.471, with an average of 1.682; and the polymorphic information index (PIC) ranged from 0.380 to 0.883, with an average of 0.717. Finally, a core collection consisting of 45 samples (15% of the 300 trees in the entire germplasm bank) was developed, the genetic diversity parameters of which showed nonsignificant differences from the entire germplasm bank. Genomic SSR development, the re-evaluation of genetic diversity and the development of a core collection from the germplasm bank in this study provided useful tools, abundant genetic resources and an effective collection for the utilization and deep exploration of C. oleifera.
“Because I Agree With Him”: The Impact Of Middle-School Students’ Prior Attitude On The Evaluation Of Source Credibility When Watching Videos
Authors: Lescarret Colin , Magnier Julien , Floch Valérie Le , Sakdavong Jean-Christophe , Boucheix Jean-Michel , Amadieu Franck
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of young students' prior attitude on source consideration when watching videos on controversial topics. 271 seventh graders watched a series of videos in which two interviewees (one expert in the field, one layperson) expressed divergent positions on a socioscientific issue ("Will organic farming be able to feed the entire world population by 2050?"). After watching the videos, students were asked to recall the identity and arguments of the interviewees and indicate how far they had perceived them to be credible and convincing. If no effect of students' prior attitude was found on source recall, students were prompt to judge the interviewee who provided arguments that were congruent with their prior attitude as more credible and convincing that the interviewee that provided incongruent arguments. These results suggest that young students' beliefs contribute to their assessment of the credibility of an information source when watching videos.
The effect of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver with real-time visual biofeedback on muscle activity in young adults
Authors: Kantha Phunsuk , Sakulsriprasert Prasert , Wattananon Peemongkon
Published: September 2022

Background
The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is a core stability exercise through the activation of the transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique (TrA/IO). However, controlling muscle activity of TrA/IO is difficult, especially when combined with other exercises. It has been proposed that real-time visual biofeedback (RVBF) can increase muscle activation but it has not been investigated in standing and lunge positions.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ADIM with RVBF on muscle activity during standing and lunge positions.
Methods
Twelve young adults (21.5 ± 2.1 years) were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was attached to 1) TrA/IO; 2) lumbar multifidus (LM); 3) lumbar erector spinae (LES); 4) gluteus medius (GMed); and 5) gluteus maximus (GMax) during ADIM and without ADIM (no-ADIM). Those data were processed and reported as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The RVBF was used to provide feedback to participants during ADIM in both standing and lunge positions.
Results
During standing position, the ADIM of about 24.92%MVIC of TrA/IO can increase the muscle activity of LM (p < 0.01), LES (p < 0.01), and GMed (p = 0.02) when compared to no-ADIM. During lunge position, the ADIM of about 25.48%MVIC of TrA/IO can increase the muscle activity of GMax (p < 0.01) when compared to no-ADIM.
Conclusions
ADIM of about 25%MVIC of TrA/IO is sufficient to improve back and hip muscle activity. Therefore, we recommended ADIM with RVBF when exercising in the standing and lunge positions.
Designing breathing air-electrode and enhancing the oxygen electrocatalysis by thermoelectric effect for efficient Zn-air batteries
Authors: Zheng Xuerong , Cao Yanhui , Han Xiaopeng , Wang Haozhi , Zhang Zhao , Zhao Menghan , Li Jihong , Wang Yang , Wang Jiajun , Wang Yuesheng , Zhang Li , Zaghib Karim , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin
Published: September 2022

The sluggish kinetics and mutual interference of oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR) in the air electrode resulted in large charge/discharge overpotential and low energy efficiency of Zn-air batteries. In this work, we designed a breathing air-electrode configuration in Zn-air batteries using P-type Ca3Co4O9 and N-type CaMnO3 as charge and discharge thermoelectrocatalysts, respectively. The Seebeck voltages generated from thermoelectric effect of Ca3Co4O9 and CaMnO3 synergistically compensated the OER and ORR overpotentials. The carrier migration and accumulation on the cold surface of Ca3Co4O9 and CaMnO3 optimized the electronic structure of metallic sites and thus enhanced their intrinsic catalytic activity. The OER and ORR overpotentials were enhanced by 101 and 90 mV, respectively, at temperature gradient of 200 ℃. The breathing Zn-air battery displayed a remarkable energy efficiency of 68.1%. This work provides an efficient avenue towards utilizing waste heat for improving the energy efficiency of Zn-air batteries.
Correlation between Harris Hip Score and gait analysis through Artificial Intelligence pose estimation in patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Sang Yeob , Park Seong Jin , Gim Jeong-An , Kang Yang Jae , Choi Sung Hoon , Seo Sung Hyo , Kim Shin June , Kim Seung Chan , Kim Hyeon Su , Yoo Jun-Il
Published: September 2022

Background: Recently, open pose estimation using artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the analysis of time series of human movements through digital video inputs. Analyzing a person's actual movement as a digitized image would give objectivity in evaluating a person's physical function. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of AI camera-based open pose estimation with Harris Hip Score (HHS) developed for patient-reported outcome (PRO) of hip joint function.
Method: HHS evaluation and pose estimation using AI camera were performed for a total of 56 patients after total hip arthroplasty in Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Joint angles and gait parameters were analyzed by extracting joint points from time-series data of the patient's movements. A total of 65 parameters were from raw data of the lower extremity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find main parameters. K-means cluster, X-squared test, Random forest, and mean decrease Gini (MDG) graph were also applied.
Results: The train model showed 75% prediction accuracy and the test model showed 81.8% reality prediction accuracy in Random forest. “Anklerang_max”, “kneeankle_diff”, and “anklerang_rl” showed the top 3 Gini importance score in the Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) graph. Conclusion: The present study shows that pose estimation data using AI camera is related to HHS by presenting associated gait parameters. In addition, our results suggest that ankle angle associated parameters could be key factors of gait analysis in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty.
Channel Bed and Bank Stability Assessment Case Study Mersa River, Ethiopia
Authors: Sewnetu Getanew , Sintayehu Gashaw , Kifle Teshome , Belay Alemu
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study is evaluating channel stability investigation and recommend appropriate mitigation measure of Mersa river, Awash basin Ethiopia. HEC-RAS5.0.7 model with BSTEM (its extension) was used for assessing Mersa riverbed and bank stability and identifying flood prone area. To achieve the objective both filed investigation such as river cross section data collected, soil sample taken and experimental tasks such as sieve analysis, triaxial compression test are carried out. HEC-RAS model simulation with Yang sediment transport formula is best representative for study reach as compared to Meyer Peter and Muller sediment transport method. For entire simulation period an average aggradation was 1.24m and 0.98m at upstream and downstream reach respectively, whereas average degradation on both upstream and downstream reach was 1.25m. The average erosion generated from Mersa river was 22.47kt/yr. Both aggradation and degradation were observed on the study reach but Mersa river reach more affected in erosion than deposition. Mersa riverbank stability and toe erosion assessed by BSTEM of HEC-RAS was safe and again bank toe neither aggrade nor degrade in response to the flow. Additionally, Water surface of Mersa river was computed using steady flow analysis shows that flood over top above the bank, adjacent area (Mersa town) was severed by flood and the reality also true. The reality also true especially due to flood loss their farmland and different property. Finally, this investigation presented that channel bed was unstable while bank was stable. Different stabilization measures like Gabion bank, Check dam and drop structure were recommended to prevent flood prone area from flood and to control channel bed instability.
Disease-related cytokine markers in persistent apical periodontitis – associated with comorbidities?
Authors: Agger Anne Eriksson , Reseland Janne Elin , Hjelkrem Erik , Lian Aina-Mari , Hals Else K. Breivik , Zandi Homan , Sunde Pia Titterud
Published: September 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify disease-related markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) biopsies and examine whether these were associated with comorbidities.
Materials and method: The levels of the cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-21, IL-23, IL-27, IL-28A/IFN -λ2, IL-33, MIP-3α/CCL20 and TNF-α were determined in lesions from patients with persistent apical periodontitis (n = 20) and compared to healthy bone samples (n = 20).
Results: We identified eleven cytokines to be differently expressed, and among them, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17E, IL-21, and IL-27 appeared to drive the discrepancy between the disease and healthy groups. The levels of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell promoting cytokines (IL-21, IL-6, IL-27) were enhanced while T helper (Th) 1 cell promoting cytokine (IL-2), Th2 cell promoting cytokine (IL-13), and Th17 cell promoting cytokine (IL-17E) were reduced in the PAP group. The data also indicate that Tfh cell differentiation (IL-21), along with Th1 (GM-CSF, IFNγ), Th2 (IL-13), and Th17 (GM-CSF) cell differentiation, might be increased in the subpopulation of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, whereas no differences were found in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions: A cluster of potential cellular markers for PAP was identified. The lesions contained additional factors that might be associated with differentiation of various T cell populations.
Clinical Relevance: Molecular analyses of PAP may result in identification of prognostic markers.
Public Health Supply chain Performance of Tracer Drugs across Primary Health Care Units, Gamo Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Aynoshe Adio , Fenta Teferi Gedif , Gebregeorgise Dawit Teshome
Published: September 2022

Background: Health supply chain performance is a key to strengthening the health system. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the public health supply chain performance of tracer drugs across primary health care units in the Gamo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia.
Method: A convergent parallel mixed-method was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 46 primary health care units between April 01 and May 30, 2021. A stratified simple random sampling method was employed. Logistics records and reports, service registers, physical observation, and interviews of key informants were sources of data. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, and percentages were used to present a result. Qualitative data concerning public health supply chain challenges were collected from key informants by using a semi-structured interview guide. It was analyzed manually using an inductive thematic approach and the result was narrated.
Results: The study revealed that the public health supply chain performance of tracer drugs across primary health care units in the Gamo zone was low. Inventory management KPIs, LMIS report KPIs, and storage condition KPIs were below the national standard. Means of availability (64.8 %±14.8%), stocked according to plan (16.5%±9.5%), inventory accuracy rate (65%±17.2%), and stock out rate (64.9%±9.8%) of tracer drugs deviate from ideal. Likewise, the means of LMIS report accuracy rate (64%± 13.6%) and LMIS report completeness (80%±15) are below the standard. Only 81% of assessed primary health care units adhere to good pharmaceutical storage practices. In general, public health supply chain performance of tracer drugs decreases down the levels of primary healthcare units. LMIS reported quality; pharmaceutical distribution; storage condition; low access to public transportation; lack of supply chain workforce training and motivation; low dedicated budgeting and finance for logistics activity; and low support from management were reported as prevailing challenges.
Conclusion:Inventory management, LMIS reporting, and storage practices are areas where gaps in public health program supply chain performance are identified. It leads to wastage and interruption of essential medicines, which affects the quality of healthcare delivery at each level of the primary healthcare units.
Developing the modified 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale with a better reliability and validity in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Du Limei , Yong Guizhen , Wang Ping , Wang Xi , Ming Wen , He Guobin
Published: September 2022

Background: To develop the modified 4-itemversion of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) as a better reliability and validity than the 4-item version of the PSS (PSS-4) in evaluating psychological stress in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Also, to explore the relationship between psychological stress assessed by two approaches and symptoms of FD.
Methods: 389 FD patients who met the Roman IV criteria completed the 10-item version of the PSS (PSS-10) and 4/10 items were selected by five methods of Cronbach’s coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation coefficient, discrete degree and item analysis to develop the modified PSS-4. Reliability and validity of the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 were compared by internal consistency, EFA and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The relationship between psychological stress assessed by two approaches and symptoms of FD were explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The Cronbach’s α coeffcient of the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 was 0.855 and 0.848, respectively, and a common factor was extracted, respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of one factor to the overall variance for the modified PSS-4 and the PSS-4 was 70.194% and 68.698%, respectively. The model used for the modified PSS-4 showed that the values of the goodness of ft index (GFI) and the adjusted GFI (AGFI) were 0.987 and 0.933, respectively, which indicated that the model fitted well. Psychological stress assessed by the modified PSS-4 (r=0.302, P=0.000) and the PSS-4 (r=0.301, P=0.000) was found to be correlated to somatization. And psychological stress assessed by the modified PSS-4 (r=0.225, P=0.000) and the PSS-4 (r=0.220, P=0.002) was found to be correlated to quality of life (QoL). Multiple linear regression analysis unveiled that psychological stress (β=0.251, P=0.000), dyspepsia symptoms severity (DSS) (β=0.345, P=0.000) assessed by the modified PSS-4 were correlated to somatization. In addition, psychological stress (β=0.247, P=0.003), DSS (β=0.343, P=0.000) assessed by the PSS-4 were correlated to somatization. Psychological stress (β=0.173, P=0.000), DSS (β=0.283,P=0.000), somatization (β=0.216, P=0.000) assessed by the modified PSS-4 were correlated to QoL. In addition, psychological stress (β=0.167, P=0.000), DSS (β=0.281, P=0.000), somatization (β=0.219, P=0.000) assessed by the PSS-4 were correlated to QoL.
Conclusions: The modified PSS-4 showed a better reliability and validity, and psychological stress assessed by the modified PSS-4 may has a greater effect on the somatization and QoL of FD patients as compared to the PSS-4. These findings were helpful for further research on the clinical application value of the modified PSS-4 in FD.
Two-stage surgery for adult patients with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the femur or tibia: A case series study
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Yongqing , Yang Xiaoyong , Song Muguo , Chen Xingyu , Zhou Tianhua , Zhang Xijiao , Luo Shunji , Shi Jian
Published: September 2022

Background
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a two-stage surgery using the induced membrane technique combined with antibiotic-loaded bone cement sustained-release for patients with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (CHOM) of the femur or tibia.
Methods
In this case series study, data of patients with CHOM underwent the two-stage surgery in our Hospital between January 2016 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
A total of 18 patients (16 men) with an average age of 32.1 (range from 16 to 56) years old were included. The average duration of disease was 17.8 (range from 1.2 to 42) years. The infection was located in tibia in 10 cases and femur in 8 cases. Besides, 10 cases had sinus tract or local redness, swelling, as well as fever of the affected limbs preoperatively. After the surgery, all patients were followed up for 29.1 (range from 22 to 47) months. At the end of follow-up, no recurrence of infection, swelling and pus was found. The white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were all returned to normal ranges.
Conclusions
The two-stage surgery using the induced membrane technique combined with antibiotic-loaded bone cement sustained-release might be a feasible and effective treatment for adult patients with CHOM.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Sirwan River by heavy metal pollution index (HIP) and metal index (MI)
Authors: Sarhat Abdulmutalib Raafat , Al-Obaidi Basim Shakir
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of Sirwan River water with respect to its heavy metal contents by using two of most recent index regarding heavy metal which are: heavy metal pollution index HIP and metal index MI. In this study, twenty four (24) stations sampling were selected along the Sirwan River from downstream of Darbandikhan Dam to the border of Jalawlaa Sub-district. Seven heavy metals including: Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP). The average value of HPI index was found to be (47.2) and (12.8) for drinking and irrigation uses respectively, which indicates that water in Sirwan River is seriously polluted in respect to drinking purpose; while, it is fall under (pure) class for irrigation uses. Also, the results of (MI) for domestic and irrigation uses were found to be (5.7) which fall under (seriously affected) class and (0.65) under (pure) class respectively. Therefore, the study revealed the effect of man-made sources on the pollution load of Sirwan River water.
Controlling mean exit time of stochastic dynamical systems based on quasipotential and machine learning
Authors: Li Yang , Yuan Shenglan , Xu Shengyuan
Published: September 2022

The mean exit time escaping basin of attraction in the presence of white noise is of practical importance in various scientific fields. In this work, we propose a strategy to control mean exit time of general stochastic dynamical systems to achieve a desired value based on the quasipotential concept and machine learning. Specifically, we develop a neural network architecture to compute the global quasipotential function. Then we design a systematic iterated numerical algorithm to calculate the controller for a given mean exit time. Moreover, we identify the most probable path between metastable attractors with help of the effective Hamilton-Jacobi scheme and the trained neural network. Numercal experiments demonstrate that our control strategy is effective and sufficiently accurate.