bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems and Constraints in Translation: A Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Rędzioch-Korkuz Anna
Published: March 2020

Constraints are an integral part of translation: in addition to purely linguistic, social and cultural aspects, professionals often have to deal with ideological, technical and ethical problems, which unlocks the potential of semiotics for translation studies. The article presents a working typology of potential constraints operating in translation. It highlights the distinction between translation problems and constraints, with the latter understood as any potential and objective factor which limits the performance of translators, forcing them to apply problem-solving tactics to produce a relevant target text. It is argued that even though the terms “constraint” and “problem” have negative connotations, the knowledge of potential impediments can often prove helpful, since it can facilitate translation by restricting possibilities or justify chosen techniques. The argumentation is supported by examples of constraints, their sources, and accepted practice.
Breeding the ‘difficult mare’
Authors: Barker Kayleigh
Published: March 2020

Horses are known to be relatively fertile when compared with other species, which perhaps adds to a veterinary surgeon's frustration when faced with a ‘difficult mare’ or one with less than ideal fertility. The reasons a mare may be classed as difficult with regard to breeding are diverse, and this article aims to discuss some of the most common problems encountered. A systematic approach, coupled with appropriate diagnostics and treatment, will increase the likelihood of achieving pregnancy in the majority of mares, or at the very least enable us to feel we have taken all reasonable steps to achieve a pregnancy, even when we are not successful.
Mind over matter: Supporting children's mental health
Authors: Hancock David
Published: March 2020

The 5 Big Questions survey of under-5s launched by the Duchess of Cambridge in January focused attention on early childhood. Dave Hancock looks at some of the activities of UK organisations working to improve infant mental health
Bringing Technology to Students’ Proximity: A Sociocultural Account of Technology-Based Learning Projects
Authors: Mukama Evode
Published: March 2020

This paper depicts a study carried out in Rwanda concerning university students who participated in a contest to produce short documentary films. The purpose of this research is to conceptualize these kinds of technology-based learning projects (TBLPs) through a sociocultural perspective. The methodology included focus-group discussions and field notes to collect empirical data. The findings reveal that the more educational technologies capture objects of learning positioned in the students’ sociocultural proximity, the more focused the learners’ attention is on these objects. The study shows also that a change in learning projects may depend to a large extent on whether the technology relates to the students’ sociocultural proximity, that is, taking into consideration students’ physical, cultural, and contextual real world. The study recommends a community of learning/inquiry embedded in a collaborative, problem-solving dynamic involving cognitive support from peers, teachers, external specialists, and the wider community.
Non-Formal Education in International Comparison: Patterns of Participation and Investment in Selected European Countries
Authors: Kaufmann Katrin
Published: March 2020

This investigation focuses on participation and related investment patterns in job related non-formal education (NFE) in selected European countries. Broadening previous research formats of NFE are distinguished by investment including financial and time investments by employers, employees and public authorities. By this, company-sponsored and individual-financed NFE are distinguished sharply and cases with shared investment between employers and employees (co-financed NFE) and between employers, employees and public funding (co-financed pooled NFE) are accounted for, additionally. For explaining participation in NFE supply and demand models are referred to. Hypotheses on cross-country differences for investment in NFE refer to the Varieties-of-Capitalism approach and countries are selected representing different varieties of capitalism (Norway, Sweden, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia, Spain, France, UK). Analyses are based on data of the Adult Education Survey (AES) 2011/12.
Governance for Learning Outcomes in European Policy-Making: Qualification Frameworks Pushed through the Open Method of Coordination
Authors: Ure Odd Bjørn
Published: March 2020

The construction of European education policy builds on a widely shared goal of transparency in qualifications, upheld by the popular narrative of mobile students endowed with scholarships from the EU Erasmus programme, which allow them to transfer credit points between universities and across national borders. EU education policy is increasingly inscribed in National Qualification Frameworks (NQF). Their European umbrella is coined the European Qualification Framework (EQF), which is linked to a discourse on or even shift to Learning Outcomes; functioning as a tool for the displacement of input to output categories in education systems with a view to make qualifications more transparent. This form of governance situates Learning Outcomes as a tool for policy reform that intentionally should affect all educational and administrative levels of European education. The article shows that the multitude of governance instruments used to promote a shift to Learning Outcomes are so varied that EU education policy has no apparent need of new instruments for this purpose. The fact that Learning Outcomes are linked to EU policy instruments of the Open Method of policy-Coordination and destined for several sectors of education, increases the likelihood that they will be translated into modified learning practices. Yet, there is a danger that governance of Learning Outcomes succumbs to a pitfall of declaratorily placing Learning Outcomes in the middle of learning practices in all subsectors of education, without sufficiently proving their real novelty and regulatory functions.
Three-Capital Approach to the Study of Young People who Excel in Vocational Occupations: A Case of WorldSkills Competitors and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Chankseliani Maia , James Relly Susan
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the entrepreneurial inclinations of young people who achieved excellence in vocational occupations. We propose a three-capital approach to the study of entrepreneurship. Relying on the existing theories and original qualitative and quantitative data analyses, findings from interviews with 30 entrepreneurial and 10 non-entrepreneurial WorldSkills competitors show that psychological capital, social capital and human capital can be combined to explore how young people who excel in vocational occupations develop entrepreneurial mindsets. We show that training for and participation in the largest vocational skills event globally - WorldSkills competition - develops selected aspects of three capitals. However, we also discover that the entrepreneurial motivation precedes competitors' involvement with WorldSkills.
Training Patterns of German Companies in India, China, Japan and the USA: What Really Works?
Authors: Pilz Matthias
Published: March 2020

The transfer of vocational education and training (VET) systems is currently the subject of lively international debate, but there has so far been very little documentation of the process or analysis of how such transfers are achieved in practical terms. This paper therefore considers the potential for transferring Germany's "dual" vocational training system to German subsidiaries abroad, specifically in China, India, Japan and the USA. Using the EPRG typology as a theoretical framework, the paper systematises the range of training strategies deployed by German subsidiaries. It analyses the findings of interviews with training officers and Directors of Human Resources in more than 40 German subsidiaries abroad. These interviews show clearly that local factors in the host country exert such a strong influence that it is not possible completely to transfer the German VET system to another country. What is more likely is that an accommodation is reached with local VET structures, local labour market conditions and other socio-cultural features. The findings suggest that policy borrowing in the area of VET is likely to be only partial and will be strongly influenced by the national characteristics of the host country.
VET Again: Now as a VET Teacher
Authors: Duch Henriette , Andreasen Karen Egedal
Published: March 2020

In 2010, a mandatory teacher training course was introduced for new vocational college teachers in Denmark. Since then, all vocational teachers have to complete the same course, regardless of practical work experience and educational background. After completion, they apply the knowledge to a very specific practice (i.e. teaching within a specific vocational field at a specific type of college). Thus, individual teachers experience different ‘learning trajectories’, depending on the vocational field and place of employment. They amass different experiences, including going back to school, just like newly enrolled students at a vocational college. This paper is based on empirical data from a qualitative study. It examines the learning trajectories of vocational teachers who choose to return to vocational colleges as VET teachers. Based on the analyses of two cases, we discuss the consequences for teachers’ pedagogical practice at vocational colleges and its potential for solving various challenges that colleges face.
Enhancing Social Competence for Disadvantaged Youth in Pre-Vocational Education: Model Development Through Design-Based Research
Authors: Kühn Ida Kristina
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the enhancement of social competence for disadvantaged young people based on the example of the "Werkschule Bremen" educational course. Theoretical approaches to social competence as a learning outcome are mainly based on the model of social information processing, although the meaning of both practical and experience-oriented approaches is constantly evolving. Taking the specific contextual conditions into account, this study combines qualitative and quantitative methods within the design-based research methodology in order to determine how a location-independent didactical concept to enhance social competence could be created as well as which comparable impacts on the participants' social competence can be verified. The results show that a basic didactical concept is feasible, while the teaching and learning environment has a huge impact on the comparability. It is also clear that the students' motivation to participate depends on both their own and their teachers' interest as well as the teachers' capacity to facilitate safe relationships. As a core result, this study delivers a didactic model that is based on target-controlled experience-oriented learning environments on the practical side and the social information processing approach on the theoretical side.
Effects of Augmented Reality on Student Achievement and Self-Efficacy in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Sirakaya Mustafa , Kilic Cakmak Ebru
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to test the impact of augmented reality (AR) use on student achievement and self-efficacy in vocational education and training. For this purpose, a marker-based AR application, called HardwareAR, was developed. HardwareAR provides information about characteristics of hardware components, ports and assembly. The research design was quasi experimental with pre-test post-test that included a control group. The study was conducted with 46 undergraduate students in the Computer Hardware Course. Computer hardware course achievement test, motherboard assembly self-efficacy questionnaire and unstructured observation form were used in the study for data collection purposes. The control group learned the theoretical and applied information about motherboard assembly by using their textbooks (print material) while students in the experimental group used HardwareAR application for the same purpose. It was found that the use of AR had a positive impact on student achievement in motherboard assembly whereas it had no impact on students’ self-efficacy related to theoretical knowledge and assembly skills. On the other hand use of AR helped learners to complete the assembly process in a shorter time with less support. It is concluded that compared to control group students, experimental group students were more successful in computer hardware courses. This result shows that AR application can be effective in increasing achievement. It was concluded that AR application had no effect on students’ motherboard assembly theoretical knowledge self-efficacy and motherboard assembly skills self-efficacy. This result may have been affected from the fact that students had high levels of theoretical knowledge and assembly skills before the implementation. Observations showed that AR application enabled students to assemble motherboard in a shorter time with less support. It is thought that simultaneous interaction between virtual objects and real world provided by the AR application is effective in reducing assembly time. The students who were able to see the process steps and instructions directly with the help of HardwareAR application could complete the assembly by getting less help. Considering these results, it can be argued that, thanks to simultaneous interaction it provides, AR offers an important alternative for topics that need learner application and practice.
Who is Going to Build the Wall? A Building Trades Crisis in the U.S.A.
Authors: Toppin Ian
Published: March 2020

The context of this study was to examine factors contributing to significant workforce shortages in building trades in the United States. As it is, recruitment of qualified skilled trades workers is becoming increasingly difficult due to lack of a pipeline of prospective workers, and training programs. The study assumed a theoretical inquiry approach in order to address the following three main questions: 1) What is the scope of the workforce shortage in skilled and building trades in the US? 2) What factors are recognized as contributors to the building trades workforce shortage in the US? And, 3) What strategies can be implemented to reverse building trades workforce shortages in the US? Findings affirmed that the scope of workforce shortages in skilled and building (con- struction) trades in the US is very broad and the impact is rather deep. Factors con- tributing to the shortage include: declines in high school technical education programs, which have been replaced by career academies; misconception that higher education al- ways equal higher income, but the untold story is higher debt associated with pursuing higher education; and stricter immigration laws, which are forcing potential workers out of the US. The study concluded that in order to reverse currently declining workforce trends the following six strategies should be implemented: 1) Make it a national priority, thereby appropriating adequate resources to the effort. 2) Increase the number or women and African Americans in building trades. 3) Expand apprenticeship programs. An expan- sion of both government and corporate incentives are needed to stimulate an increase in apprenticeships. 4) Reintroduce building and skilled trades programs in secondary and postsecondary schools. Growth in the number of Career Academies, and participation in them has been encouraging, yet there are not enough of them to meet the need. 5) Re-examine guest-worker programs, which are currently cumbersome for employers to participate in, and do not allow for anywhere close to the number of workers needed to meet workforce needs. 6) Change marketing of building trades from menial to meaning- ful. Many young people simply do not know that they can make a comfortable living from a career in skilled trades. They have been taught that at least a bachelor’s degree is needed in order to have a successful career. This narrative has to be revised in order to create a pipeline of prospective skilled trades employees for the future.
Critical Practice Study of Nursing Evaluated by Teachers
Authors: Shearer Jessica B , Lasonen Johanna
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Competent nursing care is essential to positive patient outcomes and quality patient care. Graduate nurses begin practice as novices in knowledge and experience often entering an environment where patients have several disease processes complicating their care. A strong foundation of educational competencies prior to entering practice is vital for the development and growth of graduate nurses into the role of RN. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the Nurse Competence Scale among nursing faculty.Method: Nursing faculty were surveyed to determine which competencies were a priority in nursing practice. The Nurse Competence Scale was used to identify and categorize nurse competences. Brenner’s novice to expert theoretical framework was used to apply findings to curricular programs. IRB approval was granted from each educational institution. SPSS statistical analysis was used to analyze survey results.Results: Among the categories of the Nurse Competence Scale, nursing faculty identified Acting appropriately in life-threatening situations in the Managing Situations section as most important to practice. In the category of Helping, Planning patient care according to individual needs was identified as most important. Additionally the nursing faculty surveyed rated Contributing to further development of multidisciplinary clinical paths in the Therapeutic Interventions category as the lowest.Conclusion: This study contributes to the discussion on nursing competence. Priorities for nursing faculty aligned with register nurses in practice. This study helps pair nursing education with practice in several ways including aligning current practice with education. Nurse Educators may use these findings to help join curricular outcomes with practice. Evaluating each item on the Nurse Competence Scale using the critical to practice scale provides insight to the necessary skills and knowledge needed to be competent in nursing. In addition the results may be compared to current practice guidelines to ensure best practice. Further research linking education and practice using nursing competence is needed.
Book Review: History of Vocational Education and Training in Europe
Authors: Tyson Ruhi
Published: March 2020

The book is volume 14 in the series Studies in Vocational and Continuing Education. Series editors are Philipp Gonon & Anja Heikkinen. Volume 14, History of Vocational Education and Training in Europe: Cases, Concepts and Challenges is edited by Esther Berner, Professor for Educational Science, Helmut-Schmidt University in Hamburg, Germany, and Philipp Gonon, Professor for VET and Teacher Training, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
What students who perform in “secondary roles” can learn from scenario training in vocational education
Authors: Sjöberg David , Karp Staffan , Rantatalo Oscar
Published: March 2020

Context: Learning through scenario training and live simulation in vocational education is generally regarded as an effective tool for developing professional knowledge. However, previous research has largely overlooked the learning of students in secondary roles in scenario training. The objective of this study is to explore learning for students who act in secondary roles during scenario training in vocational educational settings. 

Method: The studied case entails scenario training for police students in a Swedish police education programme. A case study design, which included both participant observation and a questionnaire, was used. The analytic lens applied was inspired by practice theory and focused on how structural and situational arrangements of the training activity affect learning. 

Results: Our findings show that students who act in secondary roles learn from their scenario training experiences, but this learning often is overlooked in the design of training activities. Due to the structural arrangements of training activities, learning emerged as students in secondary roles were tasked to support the primary participants in relation to their learning objectives. In addition, it emerged in how students in secondary roles used previous scenario training experiences in relation to the current scenario and its learning objectives. Examples of learning from situational arrangements emerged as students in secondary roles formulated and provided feedback to primary participants and through informal discussions and reflection processes. Learning also emerged as students in secondary roles embodied the “other” during scenario training, something that provided the students with new perspectives on police encounters. 

Conclusions: We theorize and extract three dimensions for how learning emerges in this case for secondary participants. It emerges through embodying the “other”, in students’ sensory experiences, and through reconstruction of knowledge through repetition. However, our findings also show that learning for students in secondary roles can be improved through mindful set-up and design. Based on the findings, our article provides a discussion and suggestions on how scenario training can be planned and set-up to develop professional knowledge for students in secondary roles.
Exploring visual languages across vocational professions
Authors: Coppi Alessia Eletta , Cattaneo Alberto , Gurtner Jean-Luc
Published: March 2020

Context: Discovering visual languages across professions is a complex task since it entails discovering a communication system composed of information in image or textual form called representations and also including various kinds of annotations such as notes. Such a task has been previously scarcely considered within research, and basically only investigating in white collar professions (e.g., doctors). This leaves us wondering about all the possible shapes of these vocational visual languages and the potential of using these images to foster learning. For this reason, the current research aims to investigate commonalities and differences of visual languages across vocational professions with the goal of using the outcomes to design educational activities for vocational education and training (VET). 

Approach: 55 semi-structured interviews have been conducted within eleven professions from the areas of Craftsmanship, Industry, Health and Services such a plumber and fashion designers. The interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed with NVivo through a coding scheme which served as the main reference for the analysis. 

Findings: Results showed that, in terms of visual representations, professionals use different types of drawings such as technical drawings (e.g., woodworkers), evaluation forms (e.g., dental assistants) and illustrations (e.g., gardeners). For sketches, participants indicate the practice of creating sketches depicting objects to produce (e.g. goldsmiths). For photos, they portrayed things to remember or pay attention to (e.g., chemical technologists). Participants across professions use annotations such as notes to specify details of their job. On the other side, they also report profession-specific annotations such as mathematical symbols like the surface roughness (e.g., polymechanics) and diagrammatic elements like different type of lines to indicate the status of the bones and muscles (e.g., massage therapists) or where to cut textiles (e.g., fashion designers). In terms of communalities, participants within technical professions indicated a shared use of both representations and annotations. Conversely, other professions had very specific visual languages hardly shareable across professions. 

Conclusion: These results helped in discovering the visual languages of different professions and this knowledge will be used to implement educational activities based on specific skills needed in different professions such as observation skills with the use of VET-specific educational technologies.
Book review: Teachers and teaching in vocational and professional education
Authors: Papier Joy
Published: March 2020

The book is published in the series Routledge Research in Vocational Education. This series present the latest research on Vocational and further Education and provides a forum for established and emerging scholars to discuss the latest practices and challenges in the field.
Book Review: India. International Handbook of Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Gengaiah Uma
Published: March 2020

The book is based on the authors’ work for over a decade in India in the field of vocational education and training (VET).
Identifying teachers’ competencies in Finnish vocational education
Authors: Tapani Annukka , Salonen Arto O.
Published: March 2020

Context: In Finland, vocational education has been competence-based and learner-orientated since the beginning of 2018. Teachers’ work has changed because there is a need to pay more attention to students and their specific personal needs. Learning processes are planned individually and more learning options are offered in the workplace.Approach: In this article we ask the following: What kind of teachers’ competencies can be identified in Finland? The metadata comprises twelve recent pieces of research on teachers’ competencies in the field of Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Finland. We apply data-driven content analysis.Findings: According to our results, the work of vocational teachers included 53 separate skills comprising seven categories of competencies and three main categories of scholarships as follows: Scholarship in teaching and learning relating to pedagogy, guidance and counselling, and interaction, Scholarship in authentic learning and development referring to pedagogical leadership, partnership and innovator competency, and Scholarship in evaluation and monitoring associated with assessment. Conclusion: The work of vocational teachers in Finland has become fragmented. The fragmented work of a vocational teacher may influence the teacher’s identity. The fragmented nature of the work of vocational teachers also raises the need to share expertise in educational institutions. The main challenge for teachers in vocational education in Finland is to adopt ways of authentic learning and development.
The function and institutional embeddedness of Polytechnics in the Indian education system
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Pilz Matthias
Published: March 2020

Purpose: India’s Polytechnics are a fundamental part of its (vocational) education and training system but are largely ignored in VET research. Understanding the status quo and potential of India’s (vocational) education landscape requires an understanding of the role played by the Polytechnics, particularly in view of the Indian government’s major efforts to implement a functioning VET system. Because little is known about the function and embeddedness of the Polytechnics the article therefore aims to examine how polytechnics are embedded in the Indian education and training system and what functions they perform for the actors within the system.Methods: The article begins by describing the systemic embeddedness of Polytechnics in the Indian education system and demonstrates their role and function in relation to a range of stakeholder groups (individuals, employers, society and the economy). Problem-centred face-to-face interviews Interviews were conducted with the principals of 14 Polytechnics in Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai, among other cities. Semi-standardized interview guidelines were used to conduct the interviews. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.Results: The results show that polytechnics perform various functions in the Indian education system. The Polytechnics teach both theoretical and practical skills, which is a special feature of the Indian system at this level. Qualification takes place at an intermediate level, which means that graduates have the opportunity to enter a company after graduation, where they can hold a kind of supervisor position. It is precisely these employees that are increasingly being sought by Indian companies. In addition, polytechnics provide a pathway to higher education, so students can use the opportunity to switch to a college once they have their diploma at the Polytechnic. Furthermore, the Polytechnics offers its graduates a good opportunity to become self-employed through the wide range of specializations and the practice-oriented skill development. In addition, the Polytechnics offer numerous opportunities to promote socially disadvantaged groups. Conclusion: The survey findings illustrate the importance of Polytechnics to the various stakeholder groups, demonstrating their “multidimensional bridging function” within the Indian education and training system.
Comparing Prospective and Retrospective Reports of Pregnancy Intention in a Longitudinal Cohort of U.S. Women
Authors: Ralph Lauren J. , Foster Diana Greene , Rocca Corinne H.
Published: March 2020

CONTEXT

Measurement of pregnancy intentions typically relies on retrospective reporting, an approach that may misrepresent the extent of unintended pregnancy. However, the degree of possible misreporting is unclear, as little research has compared prospective and retrospective reports of intention for the same pregnancies.

METHODS

Longitudinal data collected between 2010 and 2015 on 174 pregnancies were used to analyze the magnitude and direction of changes in intendedness (intended, ambivalent or unintended) between prospective and retrospective measurements of intendedness using versions of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP). Changes were assessed both continuously and categorically. Differences in the degree of change—by pregnancy outcome and participant characteristics—were examined using mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Over two and one‐half years of follow‐up, 143 participants reported 174 pregnancies. Approximately half showed changes in intention between the prospective and retrospective assessments, with 38% of participants reporting increased intendedness and 10% decreased intendedness. Reported intendedness increased more among those who gave birth (mean change in continuous LMUP score, 2.2) than among those who obtained an abortion (0.7), as well as among individuals with a college degree (4.1) than among those with a high school diploma (1.2). Participants who reported recent depression or anxiety symptoms showed more stable intentions (0.02) than those who did not (2.1).

CONCLUSIONS

Retrospective measurement of pregnancy intentions may underestimate the frequency of unintended pregnancy, with such underestimation being greater among certain subgroups. Estimates based on retrospective reports thus may produce inaccurate impressions of intentionality. Further efforts to refine the measurement of pregnancy preferences are needed.
Multimode communication through the turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Borcea Liliana , Garnier Josselin , Sølna Knut
Published: March 2020

A central question in free-space optical communications is how to
improve the transfer of information between a transmitter and a
receiver. The capacity of the communication channel can be increased
by multiplexing of independent modes using either: (1) the
multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) approach, where communication is
done with modes obtained from the singular value decomposition of the
transfer matrix from the transmitter array to the receiver array, or
(2) the orbital angular momentum (OAM) approach, which uses vortex
beams that carry angular momenta. In both cases, the number of usable
modes is limited by the finite aperture of the transmitter and
receiver, and the effect of the turbulent atmosphere. The goal of this
paper is twofold: first, we show that the MIMO and OAM multiplexing
schemes are closely related. Specifically, in the case of circular
apertures, the leading singular vectors of the transfer matrix, which
are useful for communication, are essentially the same as the commonly
used Laguerre–Gauss vortex beams, provided these have a special radius
that depends on the wavelength, the distance from the transmitter to
the receiver, and the ratio of the radii of their apertures. Second,
we characterize the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the
communication modes using the phase screen method put in the
mathematical framework of beam propagation in random media.
Target orientation detection based on a neural network with a bionic bee-like compound eye
Authors: Ma Mengchao , Li Hang , Gao XiCheng , Si WuHan , Deng HuaXia , Zhang Jin , Zhong Xiang , Wang Keyi
Published: March 2020

The compound eye of insects has many excellent characteristics. Directional navigation is one of the important features of compound eye, which is able to quickly and accurately determine the orientation of an objects. Therefore, bionic curved compound eye have great potential in detecting the orientation of the target. However, there is a serious non-linear relationship between the orientation of the target and the image obtained by the curved compound eye in wide field of view (FOV), and an effective model has not been established to detect the orientation of target. In this paper, a method for detecting the orientation of the target is proposed, which combines a virtual cylinder target with a neural network. To verify the feasibility of the method, a fiber-optic compound eye that is inspired by the structure of the bee’s compound eye and that fully utilizes the transmission characteristics and flexibility of optical fibers is developed. A verification experiment shows that the proposed method is able to realize quantitative detection of orientations using a prototype of the fiber-optic compound eye. The average errors between the ground truth and the predicted values of the horizontal and elevation angles of a target are 0.5951 ° and 0.6748°, respectively. This approach has great potential for target tracking, obstacle avoidance by unmanned aerial vehicles, and directional navigation control.
Accurate measurements of phase refractive index of soft contact lenses
Authors: Szarlan Todd , Gibson Donald , Wei Xin , Ignatovich Filipp
Published: March 2020

We describe a measurement approach for the bulk phase refractive index of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel (soft) contact lenses in solution at multiple wavelengths with an accuracy of +/- 0.001, and sensitivity to change of 0.0002. The method uses time-domain low-coherence interferometry to obtain group refractive index (GRI) for contact lenses between 530 to 670 nm in 10 nm increments. The measured GRI dispersion curve is then mathematically converted to the phase refractive index values. The approach is based on a point measurement using focused beam, and therefore does not require flattening of the lens for the measurements. We discuss practical implications of the method for the quality control in manufacturing of ophthalmic optics.
High-speed integrated micro-LED array for visible light communication
Authors: Lan Hao-Yu , Tseng I-Chen , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Lin Gong-Ru , Huang Ding-Wei , Wu Chao-Hsin
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, we report high-speed integrated 14 µm in diameter micro-light-emitting diode (μLED) arrays with the parallel configuration, including

2

×

2

,

2

×

3

,

2

×

4

, and

2

×

5

arrays. The small junction area of μLED (

∼

191

µ

m

2

) in each element facilitates the operation of higher injection current density up to

13

k
A

/

c
m

2

, leading to the highest modulation bandwidth of 615 MHz. The optical power of

2

×

5

array monotonically increases (

∼

10

 times higher) as the number of arrays increases (1 to 10), while retaining the fast modulation bandwidth. A clear eye diagram up to 1 Gbps without any equalizer further shows the capability of this high-speed transmitter for VLC. These results mean that tailoring the optical power of μLEDs in a parallel-biased integrated array can further enhance the data transmission rate without degradation of the modulation bandwidth.
Mar
Authors: Marnoto Rita
Published: March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2
Reinventando Pactos Globais para a Ética da Comunicação e do Jornalismo
Authors: Camponez Carlos , Christofoletti Rogério
Published: March 2020

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_9_0
Confidencialidade da fonte em jornalismo
Authors: Cavaco Suzana
Published: March 2020

O segredo profissional é um dos princípios mais evocados nos códigos de conduta dos jornalistas. Porém, a proteção das fonte é uma questão relativamente controversa. Uma das perspetivas defende que o dever do jornalista é não delatar a fonte confidencial mesmo em face de exigências legais.

Este artigo propõe-se analisar o princípio do sigilo profissional enquadrando-o na teoria de desenvolvimento moral de Laurence Kohlberg. Identifica perspetivas acerca da confidencialidade das fontes em códigos deontológicos nacionais e supranacionais dos jornalistas, recorrendo à análise de conteúdo. Tem em consideração apreciações sobre o tema feitas noutros mecanismos de media accountabilityem Portugal: provedores do leitor e Conselho Deontológico do Sindicato dos Jornalistas.
Effect of Mix Culture Bacteria and Fungi in Fermented Peanut Hulls-Based Feed Supplement on Physical Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters
Authors: NESTI DELA RIA , Baidlowi Ahmad , Fauzi Achmad , Tjahajati Ida
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of mix culture bacteria (EM4®:E) and fungi (Trichoderma viridae:TV) on physical quality and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of peanut hull-based feed supplements. Basal feed was divided into four treatments, which were: P0 (BF); P1 (E:25%+TV:75%); P2 (E:50%+TV:50%),; and P3 (E:75%+TV:25%); and each treatment had three replications. Feeds were fermented facultative anaerobically for nine days. The observed parameters were physical qualities (color, odor, fungi appearance and pH), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters (rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, and the significance of differences were tested using Kruskall-Wallis test for the physical qualities data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test for in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Results showed that the combination of E and TV at different level did not affect odor and the fungi appearance parameters (P≥0.05), however, it significantly affected P≤0.05) color change from blackish (1.64) in P0 to brownish in P1, P2 and P3 of 2.44; 2.69; and 2.80, respectively. The pH also decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by 10.67%.  Treatment also did not affect the rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content (P≥0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the EM4® 25%: Trichoderma viridae 75% on peanut-hull based feed supplement fermentation gives the best result on color and pH fermented feed product without affecting the rumen fermentation process.
Effect of N-acetylcystein on ERK Gene Expression in Ovarian Tissue of Acrylamide-Treated Adult Rats
Authors: Naimi Marziyeh , Shariati Mehrdad , Naeimi Sirous , Edalatmanesh Mohammad Amin
Published: March 2020

Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic and carcinogenic compound produced in cooking process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) gene expression level and ovarian histopathological changes in AA-treated rats. Thirty-six female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control, positive control (+VE Con), negative control (-VE Con), experimental 1 (Exp1), experimental 2 (Exp2) and experimental 3 (Exp3). Twenty eight days after the treatment, ERK gene expression level was measured by real-time PCR method and ovarian histopathological changes were evaluated. The ERK gene expression level was significantly decreased in the +VE Con, Exp1 and Exp2 groups as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the -VE Con and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). Histologically, the +VE Con group showed a significant decrease in the number of primary, secondary and Graafian follicles as well as corpus luteum as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the negative, Exp2 and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). In the Exp1 group, the number of primary and secondary follicles as well as corpus luteum significantly decreased (p˂0.05), however, the numbers of Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum were significantly increased as compared to the +VE Con group (p˂0.05). The AA was supposed to increase the apoptosis and folliculogenesis degradation in the rat ovarian tissue by decreasing ERK gene expression. Administration of NAC ameliorated the deleterious effects of AA in a dose-dependent manner and improve folliculogenesis by reducing apoptosis level. Thus, the NAC supplement could be helpful in ameliorating animal fertility.
Condition Absolute Stability Control System of Electromagnetoelastic Actuator for Communication Equipment
Authors: Afonin Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: March 2020

We obtained the condition absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator for communication equipment. We applied the frequency methods for Lyapunov stable control system to calculate the condition absolute stability control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We used Yakubovich criterion absolute stability system with the condition on the derivative. The aim of this work is to determine the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We received the stationary set of the control system of the hysteresis deformation of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. The stationary set is the segment of the straight line.
FANTAZMAT ZREALIZOWANY A POSTKOLONIALNY WSTYD – POLSKIE NARRACJE MIGRACYJNE NA WYSPACH BRYTYJSKICH
Authors: Jaremek Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Magdalena Jaremek, FANTAZMAT ZREALIZOWANY A POSTKOLONIALNY WSTYD – POLSKIE NARRACJE MIGRACYJNE NA WYSPACH BRYTYJSKICH. „PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. T. XXIV, S. 163-174. ISSN 1733-165X. Przedmiotem artykułu są wybrane polskie narracje migracyjne powstające na Wyspach Brytyjskich po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Autorka analizuje tę prozę przez pryzmat psychoanalizy i teorii postkolonialnej. Szczególnie zwraca uwagę na stosowalność kategorii „hegemona zastępczego”, zaproponowanej przez Ewę M. Thompson. Historia Polski od czasu rozbiorów po późne lata komunizmu stwarzała warunki, które sprzyjały wciąż ponawianemu doznawaniu przez członków podbitej populacji wstydu i upokorzenia. Odcisnęło to trwały ślad na psychice polskiego podmiotu, który uciekał w utopijne wyobrażenia na temat Zachodu. Przemiany społeczne, między innymi globalizacja i otwarcie granic, sprzyjały masowej migracji Polaków na Wyspy Brytyjskie. Tym samym fantazmat został zrealizowany – polski postkolonialny podmiot, znalazłszy się w wymarzonym miejscu, mógł dokonać konfrontacji oczekiwań z rzeczywistością. W referacie autorka poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, w jakiej mierze w narracjach polskich migrantów na Wyspach Brytyjskich postkolonialny resentyment, ufundowany na „pamięci ofiary” i wzmagany aktualnymi doznaniami wstydu, upokorzenia i onieśmielenia w miejscu przemieszczenia, determinuje kształtowanietożsamości podmiotu wypowiedzi.
UWIĘZIENI W KOLE SAMSARY. TWÓRCZOŚĆ SAMUELA BECKETTA W ŚWIETLE WYBRANYCH POJĘĆ FILOZOFII DALEKIEGO WSCHODU
Authors: Gryszkiewicz Anna
Published: March 2020

W badaniach autorka zestawia twórczość Samuela Becketta z wybranymi koncepcjami filozoficznymi Dalekiego Wschodu. Artykuł nawiązuje do pierwszej tego rodzaju interpretacji w polskich badaniach beckettologicznych, którą zaproponował Piotr Dariusz Klimczak w pracy „Trylogia Tanatyczna Teatru Absurdu”. Autorka stawia tezę, że proza i dramaty Becketta, jako te, które wyrosły na tle dyskursów egzystencjonalnych, są w stanie w niebezpośredni sposób „przewodzić” idee buddyzmu i hinduizmu. Jednak, inaczej niż w pracach innych badaczy takich jak Lidan Lin i Pavneet Kaur, nie opiera związku Becketta ze Wschodem tylko na postaci Artura Schopenhauera. Za istotną podstawę swoich badań uznaje natomiast triadę Beckett – Heidegger – Suzuki, według schematu której pewne koncepcje filozofii Wschodu, a przede wszystkim nauki szkoły Zen, mogłyby dotrzeć do Becketta jako echo wpływu filozofii Martina Heideggera.
OGRANICZENIA DEMOKRATYCZNEJ KONSOLIDACJI. PODWAŻANIE ROZUMU JAKO SYNDROM POSTTOTALITARNY
Authors: Petrescu Dragoş
Published: March 2020

Mój komentarz do książki Aviezera Tuckera dotyczy czterech kwestii, które Francis Fukuyama definiuje jako cztery poziomy, na których musi zachodzić konsolidacja demokracji: 1. Ideologia, 2. Instytucje, 3. Społeczeństwo obywatelskie i 4. Kultura. Książka Tuckera dostarcza wnikliwej analizy roli odgrywanej przez każdą z tych sfer w postkomunistycznym społeczeństwie. Badając wnikliwie dziedzictwo totalitaryzmu, Tucker dochodzi do wniosku, że totalitaryzm nie jest martwy i częściowo przynajmniej powraca. Aby się przed nim obronić, proponuje on proste rozwiązanie: powrót dysydentów. Nowi neo-dysydenci mogą zbawić swoje posttotalitarne społeczeństwa od nienawiści, kłamstw i płytkiego pragmatyzmu poprzez miłość, prawdę i osobistą integralność. Musimy niestety nieco poczekać, aby przekonać się, czy propozycja Tuckera jest skuteczna.
DZIEDZICTWA I ZOMBIE. DLACZEGO NALEŻY WSPIERAĆ KRÓTKOTERMINOWE PROGNOZY ANALIZĄ ZJAWISK DŁUGOFALOWYCH
Authors: Greg Grzegorz Lewicki Greg Grzegorz Lewicki
Published: March 2020

Autor stwierdza, że praca TuckeramThe Legacies of Totalitarnianism jest niezmiernie ważna dla studiów nad postkomunizmem w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz dla historiozofii, która od czasów poheglowskich stroniła od holizmu. Zdaniem autora, Tucker trafnie identyfikuje ponadnarodowe składowe wspólnej tożsamości regionu, wynikające z tytułowych „dziedzictw” (procesów średnioterminowych wywodzących się z komunizmu). Badacz zauważa jednak, że nietrafność części prognoz Tuckera na podstawie jego własnej teorii wynika z nieuwzględnienia pewnych prawideł socjopsychologicznych i procesów długoterminowych.
Long term conservation of embryonic axes of genipap accessions
Authors: Nascimento Cyntia Maia do , Oliveira Leila Albuquerque Resende de , Silva Ana Veruska Cruz da , Castro Evaristo Mauro de , Lédo Ana da Silva
Published: March 2020

The ex situ conservation of seeds in cryobanks demands previous studies of dehydration procedures for the adjustment of the adequate moisture that makes long-term conservation possible. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of dehydration time on the regenerative capacity of embryonic axes of two genipap accessions (Umbaúba and Núcleo Bandeirante). Seeds were submitted to desiccation in policarbonate box containing silica gel for 0, 12, 16 and 20 h at room temperature and after each period, seed moisture content was determined. Seeds were inoculated in germination medium and samples were inserted into cryotubes and immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). Desiccation in silica gel was efficient in reducing the moisture content in both accessions. Umbaúba accession presented 100% germination at all desiccation treatments before cryopreservation and Núcleo Bandeirante was more sensitive to desiccation with 10% germination in 20 h. Umbaúba accession showed a reduction of growth variables with increased desiccation time. The treatments tested did not affect the growth variables of Núcleo Bandeirante accession. The desiccation, although changes observed in the ultra-structures of embryonic axis, did not influence the regeneration percentage of cryopreserved accessions.