bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newborn Antibiotic Exposures and Association With Proven Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Schulman Joseph , Benitz William E. , Profit Jochen , Lee Henry C. , Dueñas Grace , Bennett Mihoko V. , Jocson Maria A.L. , Schutzengel Roy , Gould Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate the percentage of hospital births receiving antibiotics before being discharged from the hospital and efficiency diagnosing proven bloodstream infection.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 326 845 live births in 2017, with a 69% sample of all California births involving 121 California hospitals with a NICU, of which 116 routinely served inborn neonates. Exposure included intravenous or intramuscular antibiotic administered anywhere in the hospital during inpatient stay associated with maternal delivery. The main outcomes were the percent of newborns with antibiotic exposure and counts of exposed newborns per proven bloodstream infection. Units of observation and analysis were the individual hospitals. Correlation analyses included infection rates, surgical case volume, NICU inborn admission rates, and mortality rates.

RESULTS:

The percent of newborns with antibiotic exposure varied from 1.6% to 42.5% (mean 8.5%; SD 6.3%; median 7.3%). Across hospitals, 11.4 to 335.7 infants received antibiotics per proven early-onset sepsis case (mean 95.1; SD 71.1; median 69.5), and 2 to 164 infants received antibiotics per proven late-onset sepsis case (mean 19.6; SD 24.0; median 12.2). The percent of newborns with antibiotic exposure correlated neither with proven bloodstream infection nor with the percent of patient-days entailing antibiotic exposure.

CONCLUSIONS:

The percent of newborns with antibiotic exposure varies widely and is unexplained by proven bloodstream infection. Identification of sepsis, particularly early onset, often is extremely inefficient. Knowledge of the numbers of newborns receiving antibiotics complements evaluations anchored in days of exposure because these are uncorrelated measures.
Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nunes Caio Ceza da Silva , Susini-Ribeiro Sylvia Maria Moreira , Cavalcante Kaoli Pereira
Published: October 2019

Dinoflagellates display great diversity in tropical regions and play an important role in the complex microbial food webs of marine and brackish environments. The goal of this study is to identify planktonic dinoflagellates and their distribution in the estuary of the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, in a region with increasing use of shellfish farming. Samples were carried out monthly from August 2006 to July 2007 at four stations along the estuary. Plankton was sampled with a 20 μm mesh net. We identified 20 dinoflagellate species. The greatest species richness was observed in the genera Protoperidinium (five spp.), Tripos (four spp.), and Prorocentrum (three spp.). Based on literature, six species were classified as potentially harmful: Akashiwo sanguinea, Dinophysis caudata, Gonyaulax spinifera, Prorocentrum micans, Scrippsiella cf. acuminata, and Tripos furca. Protoperidinium venustum was recorded for the first time in coastal waters of Bahia.
Treatment of leachates in hightech systems
Authors: Welander Ulrika
Published: October 2019

Leachates are complex wastewaters, which often contain high concentrations of ammoniwnions, refractory organic compounds as well as heavy metals. The composition of the leachateis a function of the kind of waste that has been deposited at the landfill. Furthermore,substances created during microbial and abiotic degradation processes of the waste will beeluted from the landfill. It is therefore difficult to determine the chemical composition of aleachate especially in regard to organic substances. Leachates from different landfills differ incomposition. No single treatment process is therefore suitable for all leachates. The processhas to be optimised for the specific leachate, which will be treated.
UV-transformation of doc in landfill leachate - a laborative study
Authors: Kihl Anders , Remberger Mikael
Published: October 2019

Leachate from a MSW landfill was irradiated with UV radiation in order to increasebioavailability of present DOC. Despite high energy input no increase of bioavailability wasobserved.
Can willow roots oxygenate leachate in vegetation filter beds?¬ a mass spectrometer investigation in Wales
Authors: Williams Haydn G. , Randerson Peter F. , Slater Fred M. , Heaton Rebecca J.
Published: October 2019

Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used to monitor dissolved gas concentrationsin-situ in laboratory microcosms and in a constructed willow vegetation filter bed in Walesused to treat leachate. A mini-rhizotron digital camera system was developed for use incombination with MIMS studies of gas dynamics. The major results of the studies are:-• Diurnal cycles in the concentrations of 02, CO2 and C� were shown to occur with arooted willow cutting in a stirred microcosm.• Willow beds show considerable sub-surface spatial diversity. Generally, oxygen decreaseswith depth whereas methane and carbon dioxide increase with depth. Small pockets ofgases were seen. Oxygen occurred throughout the profile.• Microbial processes follow diurnal cycles. Oxygen is released from willow roots duringdaylight. Methane and carbon dioxide accumulate during the dark.• The high degree of mixing distributes oxygenated water throughout the bed. Stopping theflow of leachate allowed conditions to become anaerobic, except in local micro-sites.These techniques appear to offer considerable potential for direct measurement of sub-surfaceenvironments in constructed wetlands, particularly in respect of the microbial processesoccurring in the bed, and the oxygenation capacity of willow vegetation filters.
Risk for increased metal leakage due to ageing of landfills?
Authors: Mårtensson Anna , Östman Monica , Våg Cecilia , Wahlberg Olle , Ågren Staffan
Published: October 2019

As landfill ages, oxygen will start to penetrate, We investigated whether aeration of a landfillaffected metal leaching, We found that aeration increased cation exchange capacity, butdecreased the buffering capacity and the metal-binding capacity. Leachates from an aeratedlandfill contained less than half the amount of aluminium and iron and more than double theamount of calcium, sulphur and zinc than leachates derived from an identical, but anaerobic,landfill. The leachate from the aerated landfill was capable of extracting metals from theoriginal landfill when recirculated. Leachate from the original landfill treated with leachatefrom the aerated landfill contained more than twice as much cadmium, copper, iron, sulphurand zinc than leachate from the identical anerobic landfill. We conclude that precautionsshould be taken considering the fate of deposited metals when extrapolating results derivedfrom studies on landfills at earlier degradation stages to landfills in more progressed phases.
New elements of water management
Authors: Niemczynowicz Janusz
Published: October 2019

Modern water management goes presently through difficult processes of adaptation to new tatgetsstipulated by the needs of sustainable development. The process of change requires constantwidening of necessary knowledge and activitiy of engineers and scientists dealing with watermanagement. New targets require more itegrated actions, involving also new subject areas that areonly indirectly connected with traditional water management issues. To these belongs, forexample, management of raw materials, products and residuals, problems of soil pollution andresulting chemical contamination of agricultural products, presence of contaminants in food,influencing helth of population. Simultaneously, traditional goals of water management must bealso be fulfilled while costs of maintenance and renovation of oldering water supply and sanitarysystems increase parallel with age of constructions.Sustainable develpment postulates require actions towards preservation and gradual improvementof water quality in local and regional surface- and groundwater reservoirs in all regions,protection of agricultural soils, forests and other ecological systems such as weltands, medows,rivers and lakes that constitute a base for maintaining biological diversity and, simultaneously, forfood production and recreation of population in villages and cities. It may be notted that there is ageneral trend to widen the role of scientists and engineers dealing with water management toadress other, less typical areas, such as management of residuals, protection of rawmaterials andhealth protection of population. New understanding is growing among scientists and populationthat residuals, often classified as Agarbage=, Apollution:or Asolid weaste= may also constitutenew valuable resnources, it may be visualized by following symmetrical equation:Pollution = lost resources = pollutionBeginning with consideration of pollution problems one will arrive to the problem oflost naturalresources. Starting with a problem of inefective use and lost natural resources, one will arrve tothe problem of environmental pollution.
The present situation and trends of wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania
Authors: Dauknys Regimantas
Published: October 2019

This article presents the wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas ofLithuania, including descriptions of capacity and loading of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs), types of treatment facilities, and development trends of biological treatmentfacilities. In 2000 Lithuania had 597 WWTPs with capacity up to 1000 m3/d, 95% of them arethe biological treatment plants. Today the most of these WWTPs are unloaded due to thetendency to centralise wastewater treatment in rural areas of Lithuania that were in the eightand ninth decades.In small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania the aeration facilities are predominant. In theeight and ninth decades practically only the activated sludge systems were built. The situationbegan to change in the last decade of the last century: the biological filters and soil filtrationfacilities with discharge into surface waters were applied more frequently, so the building ofaeration facilities started to decrease.
Willow evapotranspiration beds without discharge for handling of household wastewater & biomass short rotation willow coppice fertilised with nutrient from human urine mixture
Authors: Backlund Arne , Holtze Annette
Published: October 2019

Storstmm County and A & B Backlund ApS have been co-operating in a project collectingexperiences and making investigations regarding the oldest evapotranspiration bed withoutoutlet in Denmark situated in Storstmm County. Results from the project Danish EPA M226-0025 "EXPERIENCES AND EXAMINATIONS FROM A EVAPOTRANSTIRATION BEDWITHOUT DISCHARGE AT TAPPERN0JE" are presented in this paper. The bed hasworked very stable since 1992. A water balance has been calculated estimating theevapotranspiration of the bed. Contents of nutrients in the wastewater and nutrients, heavymetal and organic compounds in the soil have been analysed. Steam production of thewillows has been estimated. A & B Backlund ApS is engaged in further development of thesystems.A small part ofan international project FAIR5-CT97-3947 (1998-2002) "BIOMASS SHORTROTATION WILLOW COPPICE FERTILISED WITH NUTRIENT FROM MUNICIPALWASTEWATER (BWCW) is dedicated fertilising willows with human urine mixtures. Theexperiences has up to now been very positive and efforts are made to prolong the project andestablish further demonstration projects.Willow evapotranspiration beds, willow vegetation filter, wastewater treatment, human urinefertiliser, no-mixing toilets, diverting toilets, separation toilets, ecological engineering,ecological sanitation
Natural recovery of man-made disturbances in the west Siberian arctic and recommended species for rehabilitation
Authors: Khitun Olga V.
Published: October 2019

Vast areas in the Arctic are faced with widespread threats ranging from gas and oildevelopment to tourism (Sippola et al., 1995; Crawford, 1997; Forbes et al., 2001). EastEuropean and West Siberian parts of Russian Arctic have important resources of gas andoil and, thus, experience intensive mechanical impacts. By the mid-1990s, off-roadtransportation connected with geological prospecting had already resulted in severedamage of parts of the Y amal Peninsula. Y amal ecosystems are characterised by extremevulnerability and low restoration potential. The rate and patterns of their natural recoverydepend on the severity of the disturbance, latitudinal position and habitat type. Thoughonly 4.5% of the local flora species in surroundings of Bovanenkovo gas field (centralYamal) can be considered as active colonizers, natural recovery is conducted only byaboriginal species. Adventitious element, wh ich is common at disturbed sites in theBoreal zone, was not found. The main problem of recultivation in the northern parts ofY amal is the absence of appropriate seed material. The planted seeds of southern grassesget completely extinct after 1 or 2 winters. Only local species (Deschampsia glauca, Poaalpigena, Arctagrostis latifolia, Calamagrostis neglecta) should be used. The study ofnatural recovery has showed that recommended sets of species should be site specific.Along with grasses, sowing mixtures should include sedges and forbs (different sets forsandy and loam soils). Transplanting seedlings or vegetatively reproduced young plants(especially for sedges) give good survival results. Use of willow cuttings is verypromising but appropriate species (Salix lanata, S. reptans) should be chosen.
Background for phytotechnologies applied at multimetal contaminated sites in Ukraine
Authors: Svirenko Lidija , Nossova Alevtina
Published: October 2019

Ukraine is a country with a great diversity of natural conditions, developed agricultureand industrial sectors such as mining, metallurgy, machinery and chemical branches, Theuse of outdated technologies has resulted in landscape degradation and environmentcontamination. Sites with the dangerous level of contamination located at rivers'floodplain in industrial centers, near the spoil banks, especially burning, landfills,grounds for sludge and dredged sediment damping. Leachate from municipal \WSte dampis a source of environment pollution. For multi-metal contaminated sites, the treatmentwith phytotechnologies is proposed as a low cost and environmentally friendlyalternative. Willows are discussed as local plants for phytostabilization. Plants - hyperaccumulators could be found in Ukraine too and are used in the application ofphytotechnologies. Experimental work has to be done before the technique could beapplied in situ.
Bioreactor landfill and cleaner production as adequate tools for the remediation of Palestinian landfills
Authors: Al-Sa 'ed Rashed
Published: October 2019

Municipal landfills remain the predominant and most economical method of wastedisposal in Palestine; however present some potential public and environmental threats.This paper proposes a suggested bioreactor landfill project and presents the cleanerproduction as adequate remediation strategies for Palestinian landfills aiming atenvironmental protection and expansion of the landfills life cycle. The case of Ramallahmunicipal landfill (RML), one of the largest old uncontrolled, dumpsite in Palestine isdiscussed. The leachate quantity, characteristics, possible environmental impacts,leachate treatment and disposal and reasonable remediation options were investigated.Despite high organic contents in the municipal waste, the climate in Ramallah district(small annual rainfall, high evaporation rates and warm temperature) tends to produceconcentrated leachate and small leachate quantities. However, infiltration and dischargeof both leachate and stormwater without a prior reasonable treatment give rise to seriousenvironmental problems including aquatic and public health risks. Containment of olddumpsites, applying a bioreactor landfill approach with leachate treatment and recycling,waste recycling and cleaner production in the industrial sector form sustainable optionsfor environmental protection. Lastly, the feasibility and cost effectiveness of possibleremediation options are analyzed.
Water budgets as a tool for landfill owners and decision makers
Authors: Hogland William , Thörneby Lars , Mathiasson Lennart , Mårtensson Lennart
Published: October 2019

According to the outcome of a United Nations conference in Johannesburg, 2002, manycountries of the world are facing large water management challenges that requiregroundwater and surface water resources to be protected. Leachate from landfills and citydumps is a significant source of groundwater and surface water contamination. LocalEnvironmental Protection Authorities have, during recent years, increased theirrequirements on the municipalities, the waste management companies and the industriesthat are running solid waste landfills. These requirements include having a goodknowledge of and control over the water budget and the geohydrological position of thelandfill area and its surroundings. In the case of new landfills, the demands are higher.According to the Waste Council Directive 1999/31 /EC on landfilling of waste, theMember States should set up a national strategy for pollution reduction, water control andleachate management at landfill areas. A meteorological station should be located on site.In order to ensure a proper and optimized design of the facilities, it is of the highestimportance to know the seasonal and short-time variations of the different terms of thewater balance, from both a quantitative and a qualitative point of view. Water budgets foran entire area can give a picture of water conservation, water allocation priorities,groundwater and stream flow, pollution tracking and ecosystem requirements in thewhole region around the landfill. These budgets can easily be made as hand calculations.In order to ensure adequate designs that are practical and economical, it is essential tohave reliable and accurate design tools and models available to estimate the waterbalance components and to predict liquid movement into, through, and out of landfills ofvarious designs. There are a number of models, such as HELP, PREFLO, MOBYDECand FILL, available. However, this paper presents water budget calculations on varioustime bases that can easily be carried out by hand and by the landfill owner.
Good experiences from reuse of municipal wastewater, sludge and diverted human urine in willow biomass plantations results from a 4-year multidisciplinary field project in Sweden, France, Northern Ireland and Greece
Authors: Backlund Arne
Published: October 2019

This article is based on the report "Short-rotation Willow Biomass Plantations Irrigatedand Fertilised with Wastewaters" (I) and summarises results and experiences gatheredfrom field trials with recycling of pre-treated wastewater and diverted human urine mixedwith water within plantations of willow species specifically selected for biomassproduction, Experimental sites were established in Sweden (Roma), France (Orchies),Northern Ireland (Culmore) and Greece (Larissa). Denmark was represented in theproject by A & B BACKLUND ApS with Ame Backlund as a member of theManagement Committee and as a project manager of the field trials with diverted humanurine in Sweden. The research project was carried out as a co-operation betweenuniversities, institutions and private consultants from five countries during a 4-yearperiod with financial support from the EU FAIR Programme and national funding.
Sulphide formation in sewage pipes and influence of H2S to aerobic activated sludge microorganisms
Authors: Kärmas Kristo , Tenno Toomas , Hellat Karin
Published: October 2019

The object of this work is to research the sulphide formation process in pressure pipesand how the sulphur rich wastewater influences treatment process in Kohtla-Jiirvewastewater treatment plant (WWTP),In this work the ISO 8192 standard test has been used to estimate the inhibition of oxygendemand of activated sludge microorganisms in different sulphide concentrations and pHvalues, Two wastewaters has been investigated - leachate from coke- and ash hills andwastewater from inflow ofKohtla-Jii.rve WWTP,The leachate from coke- and ash hills, rich of sulphates and sulphides, with high pHvalues from l O+ 12, did not cause significant inhibition of oxygen demand of activatedsludge microorganisms, After the leachate has been mixed with other sulphate andsulphide rich wastewaters with lower pH values, the mixed wastewater inhibits theoxygen demand of microorganisms in activated sludge process. One of the reasons is theincreased sulphide concentration but the essential factor is also decreasing of pH.
Heavy metals partition between leachate and solids in the course of municipal sewage treatment
Authors: Obarska-Pempkowiak Hanna , Butajlo Wieslaw , Pempkowiak Janusz
Published: October 2019

Measurements of heavy metals contents (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) were carried out in liquid and solid fractions of sewage and sewage sludge after stabilization as well as dewatering. Investigation was carried out in municipal WWTP ,,Wschod" in Gdansk. The flow of sewage was equal to 88 000 m3 /d. The treatment consists of two stages: the first stage - mechanical (4screens, 2 sandtraps, 4 primary sedimentation tanks) and the second stage - advanced biological MUCT system (6 reactors - each incorporating the following chambers: dephosphatation, pre-denitrification, denitrification and nitrification followed by 2 secondary sedimentation tanks) modified by introduction of an additional chamber which secures dioxidation of sewage recirculated between nitrification and denitrification chambers. Sewage sludge (primary and secondary) is stabilized by fermentation. The last step of sludge utilization is mechanical dewatering. Samples of sewage were collected at the following points of the WWTP: at the beginning - raw sewage, mechanically treated sewage and biologically treated sewage. Samples of reject waters after thickening and after mechanical dewatering of sludge were collected too. The following types of sewage sludge were investigated: primary, secondary, thickened (on the Klein press), digested and mechanically dewatered (Noxon centrifuges). In the sampling points samples were collected twice per month during the 6 months period in the years 2000-2001. Inflowing sewage carried the following loads of heavy metals: Zn - 27.2 kg/d, Cu - 5.4 kg/d, Pb - 1.3 kg/d and Cd - 0.4 kg/d.  Basing on balances of heavy metals loads it was proved that 87.0% Zn and 83.0% Cu were kept in sludge. Among analysed sewage sludge samples, the highest contents of heavy metals was found in sludge after mechanical dewatering and in the mixture of primary and secondary sludge (Zn - 780.4 mg/kg d.m., Cu - 144.6 mg/kg d.m., Pb - 5.4 mg/kg d.m. and Cd - 2.4 mg/kg d.m. The contents of heavy metals in examined sludge were compared with Polish admissible loads of metals applied with sludge to soil fertilization. Basing on the findings, admissible loads of sewage sludge to agricultural land were not exceeded.
Modeling point and non-point nutrient fluxes in river systems of lake Peipsi drainage basi
Authors: Piirimäe Kristjan
Published: October 2019

N and P compounds work as key elements causing bioproduction and eutrophication inwater bodies of the Baltic Sea region, A large-scale dynamic GIS-embedded PolFlowmodel considers all point and diffuse emission sources in a river basin simulating alsotransport and retention of nutrients in time steps of five years, This modeling approachwas originally developed for simulating past and present nutrient loads for the Rhine andElbe rivers. In addition, a statistical model MESAW was employed for nutrient sourceapportionment and emission estimations. This paper analysis the modeling results in LakePeipsi basin, shared by Estonia, Russia and Latvia, for long-term trends since 1985 till1999. Results of modeling, as well as monitoring data indicate quite stable long-term Pload while agricultural N load has decreased significantly in connection with dramaticchanges in agricultural structures. That, in turn, has lead to sharp decrease ofN/P ratio inriverine runoff while in lakes (L Peipsi, L Vortsjii.rv) and coastal seas, NIP ratio hasdropped below 10. These changes, enhancing cyanobacterial blooms, have significantlyworsened the ecological state of these water bodies, in the conditions of decreasedemissions. The paper concludes that wastewater treatment should focus on better removalofphosphorus.
Leachate composition and environmental risks from waste wood dumps.
Authors: Auväärt Kadri , Uri Urmas , Muiste Peeter
Published: October 2019

High concentrations of phenols can be found in leachate and stormwater of woodprocessing, storage and disposal sites. Although timber is a natural product, mishandlingof wood waste may harm the environment.As a common practice, wood residues were dumped in landfills in Estonia. As a nationalstrategy, it has been decided to close all of the dumping sites. In many cases, woodresidues have been used for capping of municipal dump sites. It has been suspected, thatenvironmentally hazardous phenolic compounds may be leaching out from such landfills.Pathways for generation of natural phenolic compounds, as well as the ecologic impact ofthem have not been studied in Estonia.In this paper, leachate composition from dumpsites of waste wood is studied and thehazards of phenols to the environment are discussed. In the wood waste, phenol can befound mainly in tannins, resin and lignin. Phenols in tannins are water-soluble, butphenols in resins are more soluble in organic solvents, such as ether, what is producedduring decomposition of lignin. Chipping and storage of wood in the water-richenvironment speeds up the leaching of phenols.The leachate from wood waste dumps is quickly purified by natural processes in the soil.It is assumed that in most cases the natural phenols do not migrate far from the dump siteor storage area. The problem may arise in case where such waste is stored near to thewater body or the leach-water is repeatedly re-circulated into the deposit of waste wood.
Monitoring of intact cells of activated sludge by electroconductivity
Authors: Sargaeva Nadezhda P. , Sargaev Pavel M.
Published: October 2019

Electrophysical properties of activated sludge cells researches present the theoreticalinterest and practical applications in biological waste water treatment.The method of differential measurements of biological cells suspensionelectroconductivity during sedimentation process in modified environment wasdeveloped. Using this method, we can determine concentration of intact cells andaccordingly monitor the process of water treatment.
Current situation of meat-related waste genera ted by free state abattoirs, South Africa
Authors: Roberts Hester
Published: October 2019

Legislation exists which prescribes specific waste disposal methods, especially for condemned products, but financial constraints prohibits its implementation. Current legislation requires independent meat inspection but it is not yet applied at all abattoirs and will take a considerable period of time before it is in place. Meat inspection does not serve any pwpose if condemned products returns to the food chain. Waste management practices at the different grades of abattoirs (Grades A to E) will be assessed and interviews with management will be used to predict the associated health risks to the community and the meat industry. Results obtained, will be used to construct a model to recommend the most suitable waste management system for each grade of abattoir in the Free State Province. This model would be appropriate for other provinces in South Africa. Spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are found on the surfaces of meat products. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness when these products are consumed (Aberle, et.al., 2001). Food borne illnesses are a world-wide phenomena that also play a role in South Africa. Duse (2002) quoted the Department of Health statistics indicating that in the period of January to June 1998 there were 110 cases of food poisoning and 3 deaths and in 1999 127 cases reported and 0 deaths occurred. A large variety of bacterial genera have been recovered from red-meat, poultry and their products for example, Actinobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Aalmonella, Zersinia, and Streptococcus. An increase in amounts ofwaste are generated all over the world. Abattoirs are one of the industries that contribute to the problem of possible food-borne diseases and potential health hazards associated with food, especially meat (Bradshaw, et.al. 1992). Waste generated by abattoirs include condemned organs and carcasses, blood, hides, paunch content and carcass trimmings. Condemned products and carcasses, unsuitable for human consumption, are eaten by ,,cavengers" or persons living off refuse sites, and could cause a significant health problem which could lead to disease and death.Current economic conditions force under- privileged communities to seek any possible source of food and some of the sites frequented are landfill sites, dumping grounds and disposal sites used by abattoirs (Personal communication, Derbyshire, 2003),
Medical Oncologists’ Perspectives on How the Results of the IDEA Collaboration Impact the Adjuvant Treatment of Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Yu Irene S. , Pereira Allan A.L. , Lee Michael , Korphaisarn Kritti , Marshall John , Segelov Eva , O'Callaghan Chris , Lim Howard J. , Kopetz Scott , Loree Jonathan M.
Published: October 2019

Background

The International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy (IDEA) collaboration aimed to evaluate whether 3 months of adjuvant chemotherapy are noninferior to 6 months. Our study objectives were to characterize medical oncologists’ perspectives toward the results of the IDEA collaboration and to evaluate how IDEA impacted prescribing patterns of adjuvant FOLFOX and CAPOX in colon cancer.

Materials and Methods

A list of questions developed by four medical oncologists regarding IDEA results were formulated and distributed online to gastrointestinal medical oncologists globally. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to summarize information.

Results

Of 174 responses, 145 were complete and analyzed. Responses were obtained globally from South America (53%); the U.S. and Canada (28%); Europe, Australia, and New Zealand (12%); and Asia (7%). Most clinicians (98%) were aware of the IDEA study. Prior to IDEA, clinicians preferred FOLFOX over CAPOX (81% vs. 19%). Subsequent to IDEA, 55% of clinicians preferred CAPOX over FOLFOX (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–8.5; p < .01 compared with pre-IDEA). Two thirds (68%) of responders tailored duration of adjuvant therapy based on risk stratification. Most oncologists (76%) were more willing to discontinue oxaliplatin early if toxicities develop after the results of IDEA. Half of responders (50%) found that IDEA increased their confidence in decision making for adjuvant treatment; 36% were unchanged, and 15% indicated decreased confidence. Less than half (48%) were comfortable communicating the study results and the concept of a noninferiority trial with patients.

Conclusion

IDEA appears to have shifted clinician preference from FOLFOX to CAPOX for adjuvant therapy, and most clinicians now use a risk-stratified approach in determining duration of adjuvant therapy. Patient education resources may facilitate better communication of IDEA results to patients.
Developing picture communication for interactional situations at the beginning of the asylum process
Authors: Tapio Elina
Published: October 2019

The paper reports the initial findings of the first phase of the research and development project PICCORE – Picture Communication in Reception Centres. The goal was to map the use of pictures and other visual modes of communication at reception centres in Finland using an ethnographic, multimodal research approach. The ethnographic data was collected at four reception centres in Finland. A multimodal viewpoint draws attention to how action and meanings are mediated through pictures. The initial findings mark established practices for enabling and coordinating mutual attention, supporting the use of visual and embodied resources in interactions and – as a consequence – supporting mutual understanding.
КОНЪЮНКТУРА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫХ РЫНКОВ РЕГИОНА: АНАЛИЗ, ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ, ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ
Authors: Кузьмина Наталья Леонидовна , Тонышева Любовь Леонидовна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена уточнению теоретико-методических положений анализа, планирования и прогнозирования конъюнктуры продовольственных рынков региона. Обсуждение: с учетом значимости продовольственных рынков для экономики региона авторы обосновывают необходимость осуществления анализа, стратегического планирования и прогнозирования их конъюнктуры. Результаты: авторами раскрыто содержание анализа конъюнктуры продовольственных рынков региона с учетом разных уровней объекта исследования. Обосновано, что при осуществлении анализа важно исследовать не только региональные, но и локальные особенности рыночных параметров (спроса, предложения, цен, конкуренции). Предложено два подхода к стратегическому планированию развития продовольственных рынков региона (продуктово-территориальный и продуктово-пространственный), различающиеся уровнем объекта исследования. Дана характеристика прогнозирования конъюнктуры продовольственных рынков региона, представлены его этапы и определены основные проблемы.
ПРЕДПРОГНОЗНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ ВРЕМЕННЫХ РЯДОВ НА ОСНОВАНИИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ХЕРСТА
Authors: Савинская Дина Николаевна , Недогонова Татьяна Алексеевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена применению фрактального анализа как инструментария предпрогнозного исследования временного ряда. Выбранный метод позволит сделать вывод о типе поведения системы, определить постоянства трендов и продолжительность циклов, если такие имеются, выявить эффекты долговременной памяти и сделать выводы о влиянии фактора сезонности. Обсуждение: для определения динамики рынка расшифруй (HOD) – одной из главных задач его участников, авторами предлагается применение предпрогнозного анализа методами нелинейной динамики. Решить ее с помощью стандартных инструментов технического анализа зачастую очень сложно. Комплексным решением многих проблем в области оценки состояния рынка может стать фрактальный анализ. Этим инструментом часто незаслуженно пренебрегают трейдеры и инвесторы, но фрактальный анализ временных рядов помогает эффективно оценить наличие и устойчивость тренда на рынке. Результаты: в результате проведённого предварительного фрактального анализа можно сделать вывод, о том, что региональный рынок HOD обладает свойством фрактальности, а именно наличие сезонности в исследуемом процессе открывает дополнительные возможности наполнения трафика перевозок внепиковые периоды пригодными только для переработки материалами.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ РИСКА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПРИОРИТЕТОВ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПАНИИ
Authors: Чернов Виктор Петрович , Смирнова Ольга Сергеевна
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам формирования комплексного показателя оценки риска для определения географических приоритетов в ходе разработки стратегии международной деятельности электроэнергетической компании. Обсуждение: авторы предполагают, что учитывая используемые методы формирования стратегии, основными характеристиками для определения географических приоритетов являются оценка странового риска и характеристика отраслевых показателей. Для получения полного представления об уровне риска в электроэнергетической отрасли стран авторами предложен современный подход к комплексной оценке риска: на основе анализа име-щихся методик оценки риска сформирован перечень показателей, характеризующих политическое и экономическое состояние страны, а также привлекательность электроэнергетической отрасли страны для инвестора. Результаты: авторами предложена модель формирования комплексного показателя оценки риска с использованием методов теории нечетких множеств, которая значительно упрощает процесс определения приоритетных географических направлений и сужает диапазон стран для дальнейшего анализа. В заключение статьи представлена часть полученных результатов.
СУЩНОСТЬ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ АНАЛИЗА МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
Authors: Коробейникова Лариса Сергеевна , Иванников Кирилл Александрович
Published: October 2019

Цель: обобщить существующие подходы к анализу материально-технического обеспечения экономических субъектов для раскрытия экономической сущности и основных направлений анализа закупки товаров, работ, услуг для нужд государственных бюджетных учреждений. Обсуждение: материально-техническое обеспечение деятельности государственных бюджетных организаций затрагивает вопросы управления поставками, подразумевает достижение общественных целей деятельности субъектов в бюджетной сфере, позволяет оценить результативность взаимоотношений между поставщиками и заказчиками. Исполнение договорных обязательств бюджетной организации в установленные сроки договорными отношениями характеризует качество отношений как с поставщиком (подрядчиком, исполнителем), так и улучшение уровня материально-технического снабжения внутри экономического субъекта. Результаты: раскрытие сущности материально-технического обеспечения государственных бюджетных учреждений позволяет проанализировать систему финансирования закупочной деятельности субъекта бюджетной сферы, уточнить содержание «закупки товаров, работ, услуг», осуществить комплексный анализ функционирования системы государственных закупок и предпосылок ее развития в Российской Федерации.
АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ В ФИНАНСОВОМ КОНТРОЛЕ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
Authors: Панина Елена Борисовна , Панин Сергей Игоревич , Шишкина Лариса Александровна
Published: October 2019

Цель: в статье прорабатывается вопрос о совершенствовании методики аналитических процедур в системе внутреннего финансового контроля бюджетной организации. Обсуждение: для решения указанного вопроса обсуждаются методические аспекты аналитических процедур в финансовом контроле бюджетных организаций; разрабатывается комплексный системный подход, обосновывается необходимость выявления изолированного влияния факторов для управления расходами и действенного финансового контроля; разрабатываются факторные модели для анализа отдельных статей сметных назначений и приводится их апробация на примере исследуемой бюджетной организации. Результаты: авторами сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию методики аналитических процедур в системе внутреннего финансового контроля бюджетной организации.
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА СПРОСА НА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОМ РЫНКЕ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-ЧЕРНОЗЕМНОГО МАКРОРЕГИОНА
Authors: Сальникова Елена Викторовна , Воронов Евгений Владимирович
Published: October 2019

Цель: статья посвящена сравнительному анализу показателей, характеризующих и влияющих на спрос на продукты питания в областях Центрально-Черноземного макрорегиона, для выявления особенностей и проблем функционирования продовольственного рынка и обеспечения населения продуктами питания. Обсуждение: спрос, представляя собой один из элементов продовольственного рынка, может служить индикатором эффективности и результативности рынка. Анализ показателей, характеризующих спрос, позволяет выявить проблемы, препятствующие физической и экономической доступности продовольствия для населения. Обнаружение факторов, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на потребление населением продуктов питания (спрос), позволит принять управленческие решения, способствующие разработке мер по улучшению продовольственного обеспечения населения, являющегося, в свою очередь, важным показателем социально-экономической ситуации в регионе и стране в целом. Результаты: авторами на основе проведенной оценки потребления основных продуктов питания, доходов и расходов населения в областях ЦЧР установлена высокая зависимость качественных и количественных характеристик спроса на продовольствие от доходов домохозяйств и цен на продукты.
UF H&E Staining v1
Authors: Farris Franchesca , Jorgensen Marda
Published: October 2019

UF H&E Staining
FFPE Tissue Sectioning for CODEX v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda , Farris Franchesca
Published: October 2019

FFPE tissues for CODEX® analysis must adhere directly onto Poly-lysine-coated coverslips. Preparation and storage of tissue slices are critical for sample integrity.
Financial Security of Ukraine in Hybrid War
Authors: Varnalii Z. , Tomashevskyi T.
Published: October 2019

The article explores theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of strengthening Ukraine’s financial security in the conditions of hybrid war. The financial security is shown as one of the key elements of economic security with the state of public finances being directly related to the status of the national economy while the country’s economic welfare depends largely on the level of financial security provided to every individual, the society and the nation as a whole. To study this hypothesis, a system of general and special methods is used as a theoretical and methodological basis, namely, the dialectical method of cognition is used to evaluate the theoretical and normative principles of understanding financial security in the structure of a country’s national and economic security; methods of causal analysis are used to directly analyze the functioning of financial security in modern conditions of development of Ukraine; comparative analysis methods are used to study the similarities and differences between various elements of the state’s national security structure.
New Quality of the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine: Development Strategy
Authors: Nevidomyi V. , Kanonishena-Kovalenko K.
Published: October 2019

The international approaches to strategic planning in supreme audit institutions and current experience of European countries in developing such strategies are explored. The challenges and problems of external audit in Ukraine are defined in terms of the results of functional assessment and performance indicators of the Accounting Chamber. The development strategy structure, mission, vision, values and strategic goals of the Accounting Chamber are developed.
Report on a Scientific Trip to Brazil
Authors: Meshcheryakov B.G. , Obukhova L.F.
Published: October 2019

The authors (teaching staff members of the Chair of Cultural-Historical Psychology at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education) give a brief report on their trip to Brazil where they participated in the International Congress at the State University of Maringa (Parana State) and in a specially organised twoday workshop at the State University of Campinas. The authors state that Brazilian researchers express great interest in the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky and his disciples.
THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF FINANCIAL INTERESTS IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
Authors: Bočs Lauris
Published: October 2019

Das Ziel des Artikels ist eine grundlegende Analyse des Finanzsektors in der Europäischen Union mit dem Schwerpunkt auf den Rechtschutz von Finanzinteressen vorzunehmen. Zur Umsetzung des Zieles werden die theoretischen Grundlagen für finanzielle Dienstleistungen und ihre Rechtsbedeutung beschrieben. Der Autor betrachtet Recht auf Eigentum als Menschenrecht und dessen rechtliche Bedeutung in einer modernen demokratischen Gesellschaft. Der Autor schlägt das Konzept der nachhaltigen Aufrechterhaltung der rechtlichen Regulierung im Finanzsektor analog zum Konzept von nachhaltigem Wachstum im Umweltrecht vor.
THE SECURITY ASPECTS OF PRISONS
Authors: Zahars Vitolds , Stivrenieks Māris
Published: October 2019

Nowadays the prisons management and process control are based not only to physical security of prisons (premises, buildings, engineering equipment and technological equipment), but more to dynamic security (positive relationship between prison staff and inmates, based to rigidity and equity). The article reflects the results of the research about custodial sentence enforcement aspects of security in Latvian prisons. In this research are highlighted specificities of custodial sentence enforcement aspects of security in imprisonment places from point of view of rights of the custodial sentence enforcement law and practice. In this research are identified issues of the problem and suggested possible solutions. Within the framework of the research the norms of the Sentence Execution Code of Latvia, Prisons Administration Act and Regulations No.423 of the Cabinet of Ministers of May 30, 2006 – Internal rules of Penitentiary institutions, have been analyzed based on the safety aspects of the prison and its compliance with the requirements of generally accepted human rights, the Council of Europe and international norms and standards. Within the research the scientific literature and viewpoints from legal experts have been collected and analyzed. The aim of the research is to show, that the safety aspects of the prisons are insufficiently and inaccurately regulated and requires a deeper analysis. On the bases of this research were developed series of recommendations for prison staff to comply with the safety aspects of prisons as well as the necessity to make amendments in norms of the Sentence Execution Code of Latvia, Prisons Administration Act and Regulations No.423 of the Cabinet of Ministers of May 30, 2006 – Internal rules of Penitentiary institutions.
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES LAW ENDORSED BY PARLIAMENTARY SUBCOMMITTEE
Authors: Ivančiks Jānis
Published: October 2019

The article provides insight into the actual problem of law enforcement authorities – amendments and supplements on Operational activities Law. The article also gives analysis of proposals of amendments and supplements given by Subcommittee of Parliamentary Defense, Internal Affairs and Corruption Prevention Committee. Simultaneously author takes into account realistic circumstances, situations and opportunities of operational structures and exigency of respecting for human rights and gives certain proposals how to resolve identified problems.
DETERMINATION OF PUNISHMENT FOR AGGREGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES
Authors: Persidskis Ainārs
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems related to the determination of punishment for several criminal offences, find the problems and offer possible solutions. If all criminal offences, constituting the aggregation of criminal offences are criminal violations or less serious crimes, the final punishment shall be determined, including the lesser punishment within the more serious or also completely or partially adding together the punishments imposed. With this regulation, the purpose of punishment is not achievable. The people, who commit two or more criminal offences does more moral, physical and material damage, these people, showing a negative attitude toward the State, society and the individual’s interests. These people think that they don’t have to respect the rights of others, so these people must be judged negatively, than people, who do one criminal offence. The final punishment for two or more criminal offences should be more severe in comparison to the punishment that the Court ordered the guilty person, who committed a one criminal offence.
EXTERNAL FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SYSTEM OF RUSSIA (CONSTITUTIONAL BASES)
Authors: Levakin Igor
Published: October 2019

The article describes the major modern political, economic, social and religious factors of the development of Russian legal system. Based on statistical and empirical materials, these or those factors highlighted as the main ones, but it presents an author's subjective point of view. According to the reasons mentioned above, the author describes the most important features of Russian legal system.