bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O papel da música nas atividades de trabalho
Authors: Motta Ana Raquel
Published: August 2015

RESUMOO artigo discute o papel da música no trabalho, considerando a atividade musical como uma prática discursiva intersemiótica. Para ser capaz de examinar o tema tanto do ponto de vista da música quanto do trabalho, colocados juntos pelo discurso, a abordagem utilizada é interdisciplinar, composta por análise do discurso, etnomusicologia e ergologia. Primeiramente as fronteiras do conceito tradicional de cantos de trabalho são expandidas através da análise de dois exemplos pouco convencionais: uma peça publicitária e uma embalagem de produto. A partir desse viés expandido, o artigo explora cantos de duas comunidades brasileiras, da Bahia e do Maranhão, que cantam enquanto trabalham em atividades agrícolas e extrativistas. A conclusão ressalta que a relação entre música e trabalho ultrapassa em muito a abordagem estreita dos cantos de trabalho. Para compreendê-la, é preciso levar em conta as renormalizações postas em jogo e as comunidades discursivas implicadas por estas práticas discursivas complexas.
Vozes no conto de Machado de Assis sobre um incêndio em Montevidéu
Authors: Marchezan Luiz Gonzaga
Published: August 2015

RESUMONa reflexão dialógica sobre a enunciação, Voloshinov enfatiza sua porção subentendida como aquela que é comum a um grupo social e que, portanto, não precisa ser explicitada. Dessa maneira, o autor observa a possibilidade de o enunciador, ao acrescentar, justapor, situações de memória no tempo e no espaço narrados, conjugar percepções acerca da existência em matéria de ficção; vinculá-las a entonações que estreitam ainda mais a interlocução entre as coisas vividas e o enunciado. Diante disso, analisamos, pelo ângulo dialógico, o conto Um incêndio, de Machado de Assis, motivado por notícia de um incêndio ocorrido em região portuária de Montevidéu, que lhe deu o engenheiro Abel Ferreira de Matos, que, por sua vez, ouvira do menino Manuel Bandeira.
A polêmica do samba entre Noel Rosa e Wilson Batista: a intertextualidade e os meandros da composição
Authors: Luz Leandro Moreira da , Fagundes Bruno Flávio Lontra , Fernandes Mônica Luiza Sócio
Published: August 2015

RESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os meandros da composição e suas intertextualidades na polêmica do samba entre Noel Rosa e Wilson Batista, observando o dialogismo na interação verbal e musical entre os autores e os diversos textos da década de 1930. Ao apurar os ouvidos sobre a "polêmica do samba" observa-se que as composições revelam tensões inexoráveis entre um mundo festivo do "malandro" e os limites da realidade da época. Desse modo, com suporte em estudos que tratam deste tema, busca-se trazer à tona um insight sobre este "duelo" musical que está, certamente, muito mais disseminado na sociedade que restrito a questões puramente estéticas.
A máquina retórica de Barthes: mitologia e conotação nas redes digitais
Authors: Berrio-Zapata Cristian , Moreira Fábio Mosso , Sant'Ana Ricardo César Gonçalves
Published: August 2015

RESUMOEste artigo explora a representação social da Tecnologia Informática e a Sociedade em Rede a partir da semiologia de Barthes, utilizando suas ideias sobre a criação de mitos e a conotação de discursos ideológicos por meio da sua naturalização. Complementando com alguns conceitos de Peirce e Santaella, buscou-se identificar e entender elementos dos mecanismos desses processos de mitificação e como eles incidem na criação de uma ordem informacional; neste caso, uma ordem digital. Conclui-se a iminência da percepção de que se presencia um alinhamento discursivo evangelizante baseado em elementos míticos e apoiados na aversão à incerteza, no princípio de poupança de energia e na engenharia discursiva guiada pelo alvo de lucro e poder. Destaca-se o viés da estrutura narrativa que reitera, de forma irreflexiva, a necessidade imperiosa da presença da informática e da digitalização sem o pleno contraponto de seus custos ou efeitos colaterais.
Spatial distribution and socioeconomic context of tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Alessandra Gonçalves Lisbôa , Medronho Roberto de Andrade , Escosteguy Claudia Caminha , Valencia Luis Iván Ortiz , Magalhães Mônica de Avelar Figueiredo Mafra
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial distribution of risk for tuberculosis and its socioeconomic determinants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS An ecological study on the association between the mean incidence rate of tuberculosis from 2004 to 2006 and socioeconomic indicators of the Censo Demográfico (Demographic Census) of 2000. The unit of analysis was the home district registered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Notifiable Diseases Information System) of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The rates were standardized by sex and age group, and smoothed by the empirical Bayes method. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated by Moran’s I. Multiple linear regression models were studied and the appropriateness of incorporating the spatial component in modeling was evaluated. RESULTS We observed a higher risk of the disease in some neighborhoods of the port and north regions, as well as a high incidence in the slums of Rocinha and Vidigal, in the south region, and Cidade de Deus, in the west. The final model identified a positive association for the variables: percentage of permanent private households in which the head of the house earns three to five minimum wages; percentage of individual residents in the neighborhood; and percentage of people living in homes with more than two people per bedroom. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis identified areas of risk of tuberculosis incidence in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro and also found spatial dependence for the incidence of tuberculosis and some socioeconomic variables. However, the inclusion of the space component in the final model was not required during the modeling process.
Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012
Authors: Freire Maria do Carmo Matias , Jordão Lidia Moraes Ribeiro , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Andrade Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo , Peres Marco Aurelio
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze oral health behaviors changes over time in Brazilian adolescents concerning maternal educational inequalities. METHODS Data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (Brazilian National School Health Survey) were analyzed. The sample was composed of 60,973 and 61,145 students from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2009 and 2012, respectively. The analyzed factors were oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency, sweets consumption, soft drink consumption, and cigarette experimentation) and sociodemographics (age, sex, race, type of school and maternal schooling). Oral health behaviors and sociodemographic factors in the two years were compared (Rao-Scott test) and relative and absolute measures of socioeconomic inequalities in health were estimated (slope index of inequality and relative concentration index), using maternal education as a socioeconomic indicator, expressed in number of years of study (> 11; 9-11; ≤ 8). RESULTS Results from 2012, when compared with those from 2009, for all maternal education categories, showed that the proportion of people with low toothbrushing frequency increased, and that consumption of sweets and soft drinks and cigarette experimentation decreased. In private schools, positive slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption in 2012 and higher cigarette experimentation in both years among students who reported greater maternal schooling, with no significant change in inequalities. In public schools, negative slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption among students who reported lower maternal schooling in both years, with no significant change overtime. The positive relative concentration index indicated inequality in 2009 for cigarette experimentation, with a higher prevalence among students who reported greater maternal schooling. There were no inequalities for toothbrushing frequency or sweets consumption. CONCLUSIONS There were changes in the prevalences of oral health behaviors during the analyzed period; however, these changes were not related to maternal education inequalities.
Free-trade agreements: challenges for global health
Authors: Ribeiro Helena
Published: August 2015

In this study new free-trade agreements are discussed, which are based on the breaking down of tariff and technical barriers and normally exclude most of the poorest countries in the world. Considering the current context of economic globalization and its health impacts, seven controversial points of these treaties and their possible implications for global public health are presented, mainly regarding health equity and other health determinants. Finally, this research proposes a greater social and health professionals participation in the formulation and discussion of these treaties, and a deeper insertion of Brazil in this important international agenda.
Comparative Evaluation of the Pharyngeal Airways and Related Soft Tissues of Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients with the Noncleft Individuals
Authors: Aras Isil , Dogan Servet
Published: August 2015

Aim

This study is a comparison of pharyngeal airways and associated soft tissues of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate patients with the noncleft individuals.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-four unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (UCLP), 21 bilateral cleft lip and palate patients (BCLP), and 26 noncleft patients (NC) between ages 15 to 17 were included in the study. Eleven linear, 1 angular, and 1 proportional measurements were carried out on pretreatment lateral cephalometric head films of these individuals.

Results

The nasopharyngeal depths were markedly reduced in BCLP when compared with the NC (P < .001) and UCLP (P < .01) with a significant difference (P < .01) also among UCLP and NC. Minimum space behind the tongue concerning BCLP and UCLP were significantly lower compared to the NC (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). In pairwise comparison among the clefts, BCLP showed significant (P < .05) narrowing of this distance. Tongue heights and velar lengths were significantly (P < .001) lower in cleft groups compared to the controls. Similarly, the hyoid bone was positioned in a significantly (P < .01) anterior and inferior direction in cleft patients. Comparison of the mean ratio of velar length to nasopharyngeal depth of the three groups revealed significant (P < .001) inadequacies in cleft patients with significantly (P < .05) more severely reduced values in BCLP.

Conclusion

Pharyngeal airways and involved soft tissues of cleft patients show serious inadequacies compared to controls, with significant diversities among cleft types pertaining to some of the parameters investigated. It should be kept in mind that these variations can influence function in terms of respiration and phonation.
Interference of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in ‘Beauregard' Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Shankle Mark W.
Published: August 2015

Field studies were conducted in 2013 at Houlka, MS and 2014 at Houston and Pontotoc, MS to determine the influence of yellow nutsedge density on 'Beauregard' sweet potato yield and quality. Treatments established 2 wk after transplanting (WAP) were yellow nutsedge densities of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 40, 50, and 90 shoots m−2within the planted row. No. 1 and marketable yield loss were fit to a rectangular hyperbola model. In 2013 predicted yield loss of no. 1 and marketable grades ranged from 23 to 96% and 18 to 80%, respectively for yellow nutsedge densities of 5 to 90 shoots m−2. In 2014 predicted yield loss of no. 1 and marketable grades ranged from 7 to 74% and 6 to 67%, respectively for yellow nutsedge densities of 5 to 90 shoots m−2. Yellow nutsedge shoot density increased linearly from 2 WAP to harvest. At Houston and Pontotoc, yellow nutsedge shoot density increased 2.3 and 7.6 times, respectively, for every one shoot present at 2 WAP.
Development of a real-time hybrid testing method in a centrifuge
Authors: Kong Vickie , Cassidy Mark Jason , Gaudin Christophe
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a pioneering real-time hybrid testing method for geotechnical centrifuges. The method was used to investigate the behaviour of a jack-up leg reinstalled near an existing footprint, a problem that is highly non-linear, stress dependent and involves complex soil–structure interactions. By physically modelling only the footprint–leg interaction and numerically modelling the rest of the jack-up structure, the method enables a realistic account of all the parameters involved in the interaction, including the footprint geometry, soil heterogeneity and structural properties of the jack-up unit. The paper also details the three-degree-of-freedom actuators developed to model the interaction, which features controlled loads and motions along the vertical, horizontal and moment directions, and the real-time algorithm that bridges the physical and numerical models. The algorithm allows the stiffness on each axis to be varied. Testing performed at 1g and in the centrifuge, modelling jack-ups with different stiffness on the horizontal and moment axes, is presented to validate the apparatus and methodology. The hybrid apparatus and real-time testing method were found to produce much more realistic boundary constraints than previous fixed-system apparatuses, and this allowed the test results to be considerably more informative, accurate and useful.
Withdrawn: Dissolved oxygen model for a river with extreme flow variations
Authors: Ejaz Naeem , Saeed Tariq Usman , Ahmed Anwaar , Khan Daulat
Published: August 2015

This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to errors in the results.

A dissolved oxygen (DO) model is calibrated under low and medium flow conditions, while verification of the model is done under low flow condition, for a heavily polluted river. The Soan River is located in Pakistan, with large flow variations. The biokinetic rate coefficients for nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) are determined through ammonia river profiles and measured CBOD. A close agreement between the DO model results and the field values shows that the verified model can be used to develop DO management strategies for the Soan River. The biokinetic coefficient is known to vary with the degree of treatment (DOT) and needs to be adjusted for a rational water quality management model. The effect of this variation on the level of treatment has been evaluated by using the verified model to attain a DO standard of 4 mg/l in the river using the biokinetic rate coefficient. The required DOT in this case is found to be 92%, while the DOT is 82% if the adjusted biokinetic rate coefficient is used to reflect the effect of wastewater treatment. This concludes the use of appropriate biokinetic coefficients to manage water quality in rivers as highly important.
Propuesta de construcción del observatorio de derechos humanos en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga
Authors: Rueda-Puyana Ernesto , Morantes-Avendaño Hernan Alberto , Calderón-Calderón Yeni Yuliet
Published: August 2015

El presente artículo tiene como objeto analizar la crisis en los derechos humanos, enmarcada en el contexto nacional y regional, como fuente de preocupación para la academia, la cual por su rol en la sociedad tiene el deber y la obligación de aportar desde su labor investigativa un conocimiento científico que responda a las necesidades sociales, y contribuya a solucionar las problemáticas que acontecen en el país. En este sentido, en el marco de esta investigación se propone la estructura orgánica y teórica de un observatorio de derechos humanos en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, como un instrumento indispensable de investigación que contribuya no sólo a formar estudiantes con sentido crítico, reflexivo y libre, sino también aportar el conocimiento científico necesario en aras de conocer la realidad social y dar solución a los problemas que en materia de derechos humanos se presentan en el país. Se ha partido de una concepción cualitativa como método para interpretar. Preocupados por los acontecimientos del entorno y centrados en la investigación de los hechos, dentro de su contexto natural, hemos partido de una concepción cualitativa para adelantar la investigación.
Estrategias para mitigar impactos negativos del trabajo infantil
Authors: Serrano-Guzmán Maria Fernanda , Serrano-Guzmán Monica Natalia , Mesa-Rivera Marisol , Marmol-Rios Marina del Mar
Published: August 2015

La situación económica en ciertas regiones está propiciando el trabajo infantil como apoyo a la cadena productiva familiar. La mayoría de estudios realizados presentan las estadísticas de lo encontrado a nivel urbano, de manera que lo rural queda por fuera de los indicadores a ese respecto. Sin embargo, un estudio realizado a una comunidad rural en Santander (Colombia), reveló que el trabajo infantil que desempeñan los infanto-jóvenes está incidiendo en el desempeño escolar y en la deserción de los procesos de formación para toda la vida. Partiendo de los resultados de este estudio se diseñaron las estrategias para minimizar las consecuencias del trabajo infantil. Como resultado, se presentan las iniciativas que pueden ofrecerse a la comunidad académica y a la sociedad a fin de mitigar los impactos negativos ocasionados por el trabajo infantil. De igual forma, se plantea cómo es necesario para la academia hacer ajustes al currículo con la incorporación de nuevas estrategias pedagógicas, fundamentadas en el aprendizaje basado en problemas, el trabajo colaborativo y la creación de programas abiertos y a distancia. Por su parte, para la sociedad se proponen los talleres de sensibilización.
El bloque de constitucionalidad, la justicia y la seguridad jurídica implícitos en la configuración del funcionario de hecho
Authors: Vega-Millán José David
Published: August 2015

El presente artículo de reflexión, con metodología de investigación descriptiva, tiene por objeto el estudio del bloque de constitucionalidad dentro del devenir histórico- jurisprudencial en Colombia, como herramienta integradora normativa con fines hermenéuticos a fin de resolver en consonancia con los axiomas incluidos al sistema jurídico-político de nuestra nación, fortaleciendo la justicia y seguridad jurídica como vínculo identitario de los asociados frente a la Administración de Justicia, revisando su sentido implícito dentro de los procesos de tutela contra sentencias judiciales y nulidad con restablecimiento de derecho, de manera que se configuran los fundamentos para establecer el “funcionario de hecho”. Surgiendo como problema jurídico: ¿es procedente la figura del “Funcionario de hecho” cuando se cumplan los requisitos de remuneración, cumplimiento de horario y prestación del servicio personal de manera subordinada, sin que exista para dicho prestador de servicios una enumeración de funciones determinadas legal o reglamentariamente en la Entidad Pública?
Criteria for evaluation of knowledge in the process of studying the discipline «Organization and methods of improving physical culture»
Authors: Марченко С. І.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of research — justify the assessment criteria of student learning in the study course «Organisation and Methods of Physical Culture» for educational qualification of 6.01020101 — Bachelor. Methods of research — theoretical analysis and synthesis of the literature data, systematic approach.The main results of the study. The concept of assessment of the course «Organization and methods of improving physical training» is systematic presentation of the material, which allows to form students’ knowledge, skills and practical skills required physical education teachers to organize and conduct various forms of fitness training.
Features of physical fitness of high school students of public and private educational institutions
Authors: Кравчук Т. М. , Сорока О. С.
Published: August 2015

Purpose — to explore the level of physical fitness of high school students of public and private schools.Material and methods. study and analysis of educational, scientific and methodological literature; interviews with experts; pedagogical supervision; teacher testing; methods of mathematical statistics. In the study involved 30 boys high school.Conclusions. When comparing the level of physical fitness of students in grades 10 institutions surveyed, found that private school students, unlike students in public with better tests for the long jump, tilt forward flexion extension arms in emphasis in the prone position and the bar and sample Ghencea. Students of public institutions have shown better results for tests flexion extension Wiese hands and tried Syerkina.The study showed that the organization of physical education of high school students surveyed institutions have both positive and negative sides. So positive is the increase in private school half the number of hours time limit and form of a wider choice of sports that students can learn both during lessons and during extra-curricular and extracurricular activities. Along with this, a lower level of health of students of private schools may indicate overloading senior training activities.
The use of modern information technology to enhance the perception of figurative elements involved techniques and tactics in sports games
Authors: Козіна Ж. Л. , Пугунец О.
Published: August 2015

In the article the basic directions of modern information technology to provide visibility through the creation and application not only static, but also dynamic circuits. We describe the use of modern means of computer printing technology to create visual aids, and - the method of creation of animated charts.
Agricultura Familiar no Distrito Federal:
Authors: Oliveira Maria Neuza da Silva , Wehrmann Magda E. S. de Faria , Sauer Sergio
Published: August 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo abordar a agricultura no Distrito Federal (DF) e as ações da Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Ater) no fortalecimento da agricultura familiar visando uma produção de base agroecológica. A Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Pnater), criada em 2003, traz desafios aos serviços e instituições de Ater, pois tem como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável, tendo a Agroecologia como seu princípio norteador. Partindo da premissa de que o segmento familiar traz contribuições para o conjunto da sociedade, nos últimos anos a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Emater/DF) vem desenvolvendo ações voltadas a uma produção mais sustentável, principalmente com esse público. O artigo apresenta uma visão geral da agricultura no DF, algumas considerações sobre a agricultura familiar e a produção agroecológica dessa unidade Federativa. Apresenta ainda as ações de assistência técnica no desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, reforçando a necessidade de ampliar e fortalecer esses serviços visando ao desenvolvimento rural sustentável. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão da literatura e de dados secundários obtidos junto aos órgãos governamentais.
Complexidade do Sistema Ambiental e Humano e sua Relação com a Sustentabilidade
Authors: Feil Alexandre André , Schreiber Dusan , Tundisi José Galizia
Published: August 2015

É consenso que a função e a estrutura do sistema ambiental e humano são complexas quando analisadas de forma isolada e/ou integrada, e esse assunto é tema de debate atual para a compreensão da sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetiva realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as complexidades das interações entre os sistemas ambientais e humanos, e a sua relação com o conceito de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada, quanto Ã  abordagem, é qualitativa de caráter exploratório-descritivo e, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, é uma revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados revelam que a ideia de sustentabilidade apenas é factível quando observados o funcionamento e a estrutura do sistema ambiental e humano, pois os processos de coevolução e/ou panarchy devem ser considerados na identificação dos elementos ou subsistemas a serem preservados ou mantidos. A compreensão da complexidade e das interações dos sistemas ambientais e humanos é essencial na definição da ideia de sustentabilidade, pois estes evidenciam a essência de seu propósito.
Gestão Integrada de Políticas Climáticas e Urbanas:
Authors: Campos Paula Prado , Philippi Junior Arlindo , Santana Paula
Published: August 2015

O planejamento e a gestão de políticas para enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas exigem por parte de diferentes atores mediados pelo Estado, adoção de estratégias de adaptação e mitigação, políticas que envolvem setores distintos e interferem no uso/ocupação/transformação do solo urbano. Admitindo a relevância da legislação como elemento estruturador do processo de implementação de políticas públicas, realizou-se avaliação legislativa das normas jurídicas de políticas urbana e climática de alguns municípios integrantes da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O artigo narra o processo metodológico de construção de Instrumento de Análise a partir de elenco de categorias teóricas. O método colocou em destaque a fragilidade da questão metropolitana e evidenciou que, embora haja respaldo legal para a estruturação da gestão integrada, o suporte para a concretização dessa gestão se dará com o avanço efetivo na organização das estruturas regionais de planejamento e gestão de políticas sob a lógica do ordenamento territorial.
Pechinchando a Natureza
Authors: Pereira Adolfo Dalla Pria
Published: August 2015

Resenha sobre o livre Ecological Intelligence de Daniel Goleman. A resenha se refere a edição em inglês lançado em 2009.
Sobre mudanças climáticas e agroecologia
Authors: Alzate Gouzy Carolina
Published: August 2015

A presente é uma resenha do livro Agroecología Y Resiliencia Socioecológica: Adaptándose Al Cambio Climático. Sintetizam-se conceitos e colocações dos diferentes autores dos treze textos que conformam a coletânea. Resgatam-se argumentos da importância do papel da agroecologia no entendimento da resiliência sócio-ecológica para enfrentar a ameaças que traz a mudança climática para os sistemas sócio-ecológicos.
Comparação entre ferramentas de avaliação da sustentabilidade e sua importância estratégica
Authors: Osorio Raissa Macedo Lacerda
Published: August 2015

Hans Michael Van Bellen. Indicadores de Sustentabilidade: uma análise comparativa. 2.ed.Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 2013. 256 páginas. ISBN 85-225-0506-3.
Boas notícias de quem escapou da extinção
Authors: Benevides Fernanda Cornils
Published: August 2015

Gabriela Cabral Rezende. Mico-leão-preto: a história de sucesso na conservação de uma espécieameaçada. São Paulo: Matrix, 2014. 176 p. ISBN: 978-85-8230-109-8.
Sustentabilidade em Debate:
Authors: Eiró Flávio , Grando Raquel Lopes S. C.
Published: August 2015

Neste primeiro número de 2015 de Sustentabilidade em Debate (SeD), Ã s vésperas de comemorar cinco anos de existência da revista, apresentamos um balanço do movimento de textos e de avaliações, com base em uma radiografia das estatísticas referentes ao processo de produção, desde a submissão e publicação até a consulta dos textos.Todos os dados foram recolhidos do Sistema Eletrônico de Editoração de Revistas (SEER), adotado pelo Portal de Periódicos da Universidade de Brasília, no qual se encontra hospedada SeD. Para fins de análise e comparação, para alguns dados utilizaremos apenas artigos submetidos e/ou publicados nos anos 2013 e 2014 e com processo de avaliaçãoconcluído.
What shapes fitness costs of reproduction in long‐lived iteroparous species? A case study on the Alpine ibex
Authors: Garnier Alexandre , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Gauthier Dominique , Besnard Aurélien
Published: August 2015

The fitness costs of reproduction can be masked by individual differences, and may only become apparent during adverse environmental conditions. Individual differences, however, are usually assessed by reproductive success, so how fitness costs are influenced by the interplay between the environmental context and overall individual differences requires further investigation. Here, we evaluated fitness costs of reproduction based on 15 yr of monitoring of individual Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) during a period when the population was affected by a severe disease outbreak (pneumonia). We quantified fitness costs using a novel multi‐event capture–mark–recapture (CMR) modeling approach that accounted for uncertainty in reproductive status to estimate the survival and reproductive success of female ibex while also accounting for overall individual heterogeneity using mixture models. Our results show that the ability of females to reproduce was highly heterogeneous. In particular, one group including 76% of females had a much higher probability of giving birth annually (between 0.66 and 0.77, depending on the previous reproductive status) than females of the second group (24% of females, between 0 and 0.05 probability of giving birth annually). Low reproductive costs in terms of future reproduction occurred and were independent of the pneumonia outbreak. There was no survival cost of reproduction either before or after the epizootic, but the cost was high during the epizootic. Our findings indicate that adverse environmental conditions, such as disease outbreaks, may lead to survival costs of reproduction in long‐lived species and select against females that have a high reproductive effort. Thereby, the occurrence of adverse conditions increases the diversity of reproductive tactics within a population.
Pathophysiology of the Cardiovascular System and Neonatal Hypotension
Authors: Shead Sandra L.
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Hypotension is common in low birth weight neonates and less common in term newborns and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Determining an adequate blood pressure in neonates remains challenging for the neonatal nurse because of the lack of agreed-upon norms. Values for determining norms for blood pressure at varying gestational and postnatal ages are based on empirical data. Understanding cardiovascular pathophysiology, potential causes of hypotension, and assessment of adequate perfusion in the neonatal population is important and can assist the neonatal nurse in the evaluation of effective blood pressure. This article reviews cardiovascular pathophysiology as it relates to blood pressure and discusses potential causes of hypotension in the term and preterm neonate. Variation in management of hypotension across centers is discussed. Underlying causes and pathophysiology of hypotension in the neonate are described.
Development of Home Educational Materials for Families of Preterm Infants
Authors: Ronan Susan , Liberatos Penny , Weingarten Sarah , Wells Princess , Garry Jessica , O’Brien Kathryn , Parker-Bozzuto Sarah , Schultz Stacy L. , Nevid Tracy
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Introduction: Parent educational materials describing infant positioning for a home program are vital in supplementing NICU discharge instructions and promoting parent confidence.

Purpose: To document the process of developing a brochure and DVD of a positioning program, using evidence-based practice and NICU expert feedback

Methods: A trifold brochure and companion DVD were developed to demonstrate infant positioning to parents of premature infants for a home developmental program following NICU discharge. A standard process of development was followed for the brochure and DVD script and production. The process included review and comment by eight NICU professionals and several revisions.

Results: Content of the brochure and DVD and the process entailed in their development is described. Guidelines outlining the process for development of educational materials for families are provided.

Conclusion: Creation of multimedia educational materials for parents of infants who are NICU graduates requires a multistep process to ensure usefulness and validity.
Probiotics for Preterm Infants: A Premature or Overdue Necrotizing Enterocolitis Prevention Strategy?
Authors: Anderson Sharon
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Common among preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal, infectious disease that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among this high-risk population. To combat this devastating condition, research efforts have been redirected from treatment toward prevention strategies. Although there are several proposed risk-reduction strategies, one intervention gaining support is the administration of prophylactic enteral probiotics. Regardless of growing evidentiary support and a benign safety profile, neonatal providers have yet to embrace this therapy. This article provides an overview of the proposed benefits of probiotics, focusing on their role as a NEC prevention strategy. A review of several sentinel research studies targeting preterm, VLBW, and ELBW infants is provided. Considerations for ongoing research are reviewed. Finally, two evidence-based NEC prevention probiotics protocols are presented.
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Wood Justine
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) are a subset of congenital heart defects that require acute diagnosis and interventions in order to provide optimal health outcomes for newborns. The incidence of infants with CCHD may be as high as six per 1,000 live births.1 Pulse oximetry screening is a new tool used in many nurseries to detect the presence of CCHD with high reliability. This article includes an overview of CCHD and the pulse oximetry screen, including the primary and secondary targets, a test algorithm, reliability, cost-effectiveness, limitations, national recommendations, and implications for nurses, particularly their role in the NICU.
Another Preemie with Hypoglycemia? Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome–A Case Study
Authors: Tower Polli , Tolia Veeral N.
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common overgrowth disorder in infants. This article reviews a case of a premature infant with an atypical presentation of Beckwith-Wiedemann that was diagnosed at one month of age. It also addresses notable aspects of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of infants with BWS.
To Bathe or Not to Bathe: The Neonatal Question
Authors: Colwell Alice
Published: August 2015

Abstract

After delivery, newborns go through a series of physiologic changes in an effort to adapt to extrauterine life, with preterm newborns more likely to experience medical problems following this transition. Neonatal hypothermia, defined as a temperature <36.5°C, is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity.1 Early bathing may be a contributing factor to hypothermia and interfere with the premature neonate’s ability to safely adapt to an extrauterine environment.2 Skin physiology, the physiologic changes that result from bathing, the importance of maintaining vernix for temperature stability, and how policy change and education-based programs for developmentally supportive care will be discussed in an attempt to improve patient care outcomes for neonates in the NICU.
Quality Appraisal: Part I
Authors: Raines Deborah A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Quality appraisal is an essential step in the evidence-based practice process. This column focuses on designating the level of evidence of the scientific research.
Attentional Bias in Youth With Clinical Anxiety: The Moderating Effect of Age
Authors: Carmona Arturo R. , Kuckertz Jennie M. , Suway Jenna , Amir Nader , Piacentini John , Chang Susanna W.
Published: August 2015

Cognitive models of anxiety suggest that threat-related attentional biases are associated with youth anxiety disorders. Although meta-analyses suggest that anxious youths display a bias toward threat, there is variability among studies, with youths displaying either an attention bias toward or away from threat. One possibility that may account for these discrepancies is the effect of youth age. Previous studies have found an effect of age on attentional biases in nonclinical samples. In this study, we examined the effects of age on attentional biases in youths diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Clinically anxious youths (N = 33) completed the probe detection task using threat-related word stimuli. Our results revealed a significant effect of age, with older youths (11–17 years) displaying a significant bias away from threat and younger youths (8–10 years) displaying a nonsignificant bias toward threat. These findings suggest that anxious youth may have either an attentional bias toward or away from threat-related words depending on age.
Threat Interpretation Bias in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Examining Maternal Influences
Authors: Farrell Lara J. , Hourigan Donna , Waters Allison M. , Harrington Mathew R.
Published: August 2015

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children is a chronic and debilitating disorder. Cognitive theories propose that threat biases may play a role in the development and maintenance of various anxiety disorders, including OCD. Although there is a small body of research examining cognitive theories of OCD in samples of children and youth (e.g., Reynolds & Reeves, 2008), to date, there are no studies that have examined overestimation of threat in children in relation to ambiguous scenarios that may imbue mildly aversive, neutral, and positive interpretations. Children with primary OCD and their mothers (n = 22 dyads) and nonclinical children and their mothers (n = 26 dyads) participated in this study. Children with OCD were less accurate in identifying expected feelings across scenarios and perceived all types of situations as being more difficult compared with nonclinical children; however, after controlling for self-reported anxiety symptoms, there were no group differences. Child groups did not differ on other indices of interpretation bias. Mothers of children with OCD, compared with mothers of nonclinical children, also interpreted all types of situations as more threatening and difficult and were less accurate in identifying appropriate emotions in ambiguous situations that may imbue mildly positive connotations. Results are discussed in terms of the broader literature on interpretation bias in anxious children and youth and implications for future research and practice.
Lentil Variation in Phenology and Yield Evaluated with a Model
Authors: Ghanem Michel Edmond , Marrou Hélène , Soltani Afshin , Kumar Shiv , Sinclair Thomas R.
Published: August 2015

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a major crop highly valued in the food and nutritional security of millions of people, as well as a rotation crop. Lentil is grown in areas facing many environmental constraints from low moisture availability and high temperatures to winter cold at high elevations. The use of an appropriate and robust crop model can offer mechanistic bases for exploring and extrapolating the impact of a given plant trait or crop management across a range of environments. First, we used the generic SSM‐Legumes model to develop a simple and transparent lentil model. The SSM‐Legumes model had a robust predictive capability to assess variation in the phenological development and yield of lentil in three locations in the Middle East (Lebanon and Syria) with large differences in rainfall. The agreement between simulated and observed days to flowering or maturity and yield showed the robustness of the model in predicting lentil growth and yield. Second, we incorporated into SSM‐legumes a submodel allowing a more realistic accounting of crop survival at very low soil water content, resulting in more realistic predictions of lentil growth and yield. Third, we used the model to test the potential for increasing lentil yields by the retention of crop residue on the soil surface to decrease soil evaporation. Our results showed yield increases of up to 25% in all three locations from the retention of previous crop residues.
Model and Sensor‐Based Recommendation Approaches for In‐Season Nitrogen Management in Corn
Authors: Thompson L. J. , Ferguson R. B. , Kitchen N. , Frazen D. W. , Mamo M. , Yang H. , Schepers J. S.
Published: August 2015

Nitrogen management for corn (Zea mays L.) may be improved by applying a portion of N in‐season. This investigation was conducted to evaluate crop modeling (Maize‐N) and active crop canopy sensing approaches for recommending in‐season N fertilizer rates. These approaches were evaluated during 2012–2013 on 11 field sites, in Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Nitrogen management also included a no‐N treatment (check) and a non‐limiting N reference (all at planting). Nitrogen management treatments were assessed for two hybrids and at low and high seeding rates, arranged in a randomized complete block design. In 9 of 11 site‐years, the sensor‐based approach recommended lower in‐season N rates than the model (collectively 59% less N), resulting in trends of higher partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) than the model. However, yield was better protected by the model‐based approach. In some situations, canopy sensing excelled at optimizing the N rate for localized conditions. With abnormally warm and moist soil conditions for the 2012 Nebraska sites and presumed high levels of inorganic N from mineralization, N application was appropriately reduced, resulting in no yield decrease and N savings compared to the non‐limiting N reference. Depending on the site, both recommendation approaches were successful; a combination of model and sensor information may optimize in‐season decision support for N recommendation.
Short‐Term Soil Responses to Late‐Seeded Cover Crops in a Semi‐Arid Environment
Authors: Liebig M. A. , Hendrickson J. R. , Archer D. W. , Schmer M. A. , Nichols K. A. , Tanaka D. L.
Published: August 2015

Cover crops can expand ecosystem services, though sound management recommendations for their use within semiarid cropping systems is currently constrained by a lack of information. This study was conducted to determine agroecosystem responses to late‐summer seeded cover crops under no‐till management, with particular emphasis on soil attributes. Short‐term effects of late‐summer seeded cover crops on soil water, available N, near‐surface soil quality, and residue cover were investigated during three consecutive years on the Area IV Soil Conservation Districts Research Farm near Mandan, ND. Mean aboveground cover crop biomass was highly variable across years (1430, 96, and 937 kg ha−1in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively), and was strongly affected by precipitation received within 14 d following cover crop seeding. During years with appreciable biomass production (2008 and 2010), cover crops significantly reduced available N in the 0.9‐m depth the following spring (P= 0.0291 and 0.0464, respectively). Cover crop effects on soil water were subtle, and no differences in soil water were found between cover crop treatments and a no cover crop control before seeding cash crops the following spring. Late‐summer seeded cover crops did not affect near‐surface soil properties or soil coverage by residue. Soil responses to late‐summer seeded cover crops did not differ between cover crop mixtures and monocultures. Late‐summer seeded cover crops may enhance ecosystem services provided by semiarid cropping systems through biomass production and N conservation, though achieving these benefits in a consistent manner appears dependent on timely precipitation following cover crop seeding.
Aligning theory and measurement in behavioral models of water conservation
Authors: Jorgensen Bradley S. , Martin John F. , Pearce Meryl W. , Willis Eileen M.
Published: August 2015

Discussion in the water literature has called for research on the role of behavioral intentions in explanations of both water demand and water conservation. But previous research has suggested that individual-level motivations are not good predictors of metered household water consumption. Two possible reasons for the lack of association between intentions and actual water conservation are that: (i) conservation behaviors are habitual and (ii) conservation behaviors and intention are measured at different levels of analysis. These explanations were tested in a sample of 415 residential households who provided permission to access their water consumption billing records. The effects of intentions, habit strength, and their interaction were examined in single-person households where the alignment of theory and measurement were the same. While behavioral intentions were associated with self-reports of past water conservation and habit strength, none of these variables were good predictors of water conservation. The implications of these results for the development of attitude theory using metered consumption data are discussed.
Anaerobic digestion of waste biomass from the production of L-cystine in suspended-growth bioreactors
Authors: Chávez-Fuentes Juan José , Hutňan Miroslav , Bodík Igor , Zakhar Ronald , Czölderová Marianna
Published: August 2015

Waste biomass from the industrial production of the amino acid L-cystine contains above-average concentrations of organic pollutants and significant concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur. The specific biogas production (SBP) of waste biomass was monitored in parallel suspended-growth laboratory anaerobic bioreactors. After severe inhibition was observed, three different procedures were applied to inhibited reactor sludge to counter-attack the inhibitory effects of sulfides, respectively hydrogen sulfide: micro-aeration, dilution with water and precipitation by ferrous iron cations. The performance of bioreactors was weekly monitored. Organic loading rates (as chemical oxygen demand, COD) ranged from 1.07 to 1.97 g L−1 d−1. At the end of the experimentation, SBP averaged 217, 300 and 320 l kg−1 COD with a methane content of 21%, 52% and 54%; specific sludge production averaged 133, 111 and 400 g total solids kg−1 COD, and inhibition was 49%, 27% and 25%; for the applied procedures of micro-aeration, dilution and precipitation respectively.
Study of cyanide wastewater treatment by dispersion supported liquid membrane using trioctylamine and kerosene as liquid membrane
Authors: Li Guo Ping , Xue Juan Qin , Yu Li Hua , Liu Ni Na
Published: August 2015

A certain amount of cyanide is present in wastewater of various industrial processes, such as wet extraction of gold, coal processing, electroplating and other industries. In this work, an experimental study regarding transport of cyanide through a dispersion supported liquid membrane was performed. A model was established to describe the reaction and transport of CN(I) in the supported liquid membrane and the mass transfer kinetics equations were deduced. Through mass transfer kinetic equation it was derived that, when the carrier concentration was under certain conditions, there was a linear relationship between the reciprocal of the permeability coefficient of CN(I) (1/Pc) and n-th power of the concentration of H+ (cnH+), and the parameters Δa(δa/da) and Δo(δ0/d0) could be obtained from the slope and intercept of the straight line. Then the diffusion coefficient do and the diffusion layer thickness δo of the phase interface between the feed phase and membrane phase could be calculated. Factors affecting migration of CN(I) were analyzed, and the stable removal rate of CN(I) was more than 90% with carrier concentration (%TOA) of 2%, feed phase pH of 4, initial CN(I) concentration of 30 mg/L, stirring time of 1 hour, volume ratio of membrane solution to NaOH solution of 2:1, strip phase concentration of 2 mol/L. The results showed that the overall mass transfer rate increased first and then decreased with an increase of TOA concentration, organic-to-strip volume ratio, and strip concentration. Furthermore, the transport percentage of CN(I) was increased, the stability of membrane was enhanced, and the lifetime of the membrane was extended.