bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi, dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar
Authors: Syamsir Muhammad , Ramlawati Ramlawati
Published: August 2022

Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Kompotensi, Motivasi, dan Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Selayar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey dan mengumpulkan data melalui kuisioner untuk menganalisis fakta dan data-data yang menunjang keterangan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pembahasan penelitian. Sedangkan jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu menguraikan dan menjelaskan pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi dan Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar.Hasil penelitian ini mneunjukkan bahwa kompetensi memiliki pengaruh dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, motivasi memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dan kepemimpinan juga memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Selayar.

 

Kata kunci: Kompetensi, Motivasi, Kepemimpinan dan Kinerja
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, DISIPLIN, DAN ETOS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Sanggenafa Salmon Y , Christian Ferdinandus
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta memperoleh gambaran yang jelas tentang seberapa besar pengaruh motivasi, disiplin, dan etos kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data primer dan sekunder merupakan sumber data yang digunakan. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan yaitu studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data kuantitatif deskriptif yang terdiri dari uji instrumen penelitian, uji asumsi klasik, dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Motivasi kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua. Etos kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua. Motivasi, disiplin, dan etos kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua. Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Papua adalah motivasi kerja pegawai.

 

Kata kunci: Motivasi, Disiplin, Etos Kerja, dan Kinerja Karyawan
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SMARTPHONE NON POPULAR DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Safar Ilham , HS Kaharuddin
Published: August 2022

Keputusan pembelian merupakan pemecahan masalah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan yang dihadapi oleh konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keputusan pembelian smartphone non popular di kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan informan sebanyak 5 orang yang ada di kota Makassar. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui teknik penelitian pustaka (Library Research) dan penelitian Lapangan (Field Research) dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor keputusan pembelian smartphone non popular di kota Makassar dikarenakan faktor harga yang murah dana faktor sosial dalam hal ini keluarga dan teman merupakan faktor yang paling berperan dalam keputusan pembelian smartphone non popular di kota Makassar.

 

 

Kata Kunci: Keputusan Pembelian, smartphone non popular dan faktor keputusan pembelian
RASIO LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR JASA TELEKOMUNIKASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Muliana Muliana , Siga Usfiah Hamzah
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas dan solvabilitas terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan sektor Jasa Telekomunikasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif  kuantitatif.  Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berupa laporan keuangan selama periode 2014 â€“ 2018. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 (delapan) perusahaan.  Adapun variabel penelitian yang terdiri dari variabel independen yaitu Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR), Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) dan variabel dependen yaitu Return On Assets (ROA). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji t dan uji f. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, Current Ratio (CR), Quick Ratio (QR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER)  tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap ROA. Sedangkan, Debt to asset ratio (DAR) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhdap ROA. Secara simultan, CR, QR, DAR dan DER berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROA.

 

Kata Kunci : Rasio Keuangan, Perusahaan Sektor  Jasa Komunikasi, Bursa Efek Indonesia
PENGARUH PENGAKUAN, INSENTIF, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA IV CABANG MAKASSAR
Authors: Z Muhammad Shaleh , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: August 2022

Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan judul â€œPengaruh Pengakuan, Insentif, dan Lingkungan kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Cabang Makassarâ€, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis Pengaruh Pengakuan, Insentif, dan Lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Cabang Makassar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dilaksanakan pada 161 karyawan PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Makassar. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 22. Teknik sampling yang dipakai adalah metode sensus dan teknik pengujian data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi Uji analisis regresi liner berganda, untuk menguji dan membuktikan hipotesis penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan faktor pengakuan, insentif, dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dan secara parsial yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah faktor pengakuan.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengakuan, Insentif, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan.
KONSEP DAN PENERAPAN HOTEL SYARIAH PADA HOTEL AL-BADAR MAKASSAR
Authors: Sugeng Rachmat , Basmar Edwin
Published: August 2022

Hotel Al-Badar Makassar sebagai salah satu bisnis berkonsep syariah yang didirikan atas dasar beberapa alasan. Salah satunya untuk menegakkan aturan islam dengan label syariah. Hotel Al-Badar Makassar  dalam menjalankan aktifitas bisnisnya senantiasa menerapkan  prisip-prinsip syariah yang menunjang tinggi nilai-nilai agama islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data primer dalam penelitian ini didapatkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari sumber yang sudah ada berupa sejarah tempat penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hotel Al-Badar Makassar belum sepenuhnya dapat dikatakan sebagai Hotel Syariah karena belum memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pariwisata Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah dan Peraturan Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Reublik Indonesia No 2 tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Usaha Hotel Syariah, Kriteria Hotel Syariah Hilal 1 dan Kriteria Hotel Syariah Hilal 2, sebagaimana syarat yang harus dipenuhi hotel syariah dalam menjalankan bisnisnya.

                                                                      

 Kata Kunci : Hotel Al-Badar Makassar, Kriteria hotel syariah Hilal 1 dan Hilal 2,Fatwa DSN-MUI, PERMEN No 2 tahun 2014.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE DAN KEPULAUAN
Authors: Kasmir Tri , Ramlawati Ramlawati
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This study aims to test, analyze and find out: 1) Does motivation affect performance; 2) Does work discipline affect performance; and 3) Whether motivation and work discipline simultaneously influence performance. The design in this study uses quantitative research methods, the population as well as the sample reaches 50 people. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and literature study. This research was analyzed using quantitative techniques with the help of SPSS 26 software. The conclusions in this study are: 1) Motivation has an effect on performance; 2) Work discipline has an effect on performance and 3) Motivation and work discipline have a simultaneous effect on the performance of the employees of the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pangkajene dan Kepulauan.

 

Keywords: Motivation, Work Discipline and Employee Performance

 

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji, menganalisis dan mengetahui : 1) Apakah Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja;  2) Apakah disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja; dan 3) Apakah motivasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja. Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, populasi sekaligus sampel mencapai 50 orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik kuantitatif dengan bantuan software SPSS 26. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yakni : 1) Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja; 2) Disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dan 3) Motivasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan.

 

Kata Kunci : Motivasi, Disiplin kerja dan Kinerja Pegawai
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN DAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN FINTECH MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN DAN AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS FAJAR
Authors: Saleh Muhammad , F Fatima Sari
Published: August 2022

Abstract

 

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of financial literacy and the quality of financial learning on the use of fintech. The subjects in this study were students who had programmed financial management and used fintech, totaling 60 people who were determined by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire method. Test requirements analysis using the normality test, multicollinearity test and heterokedacity test. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) financial literacy has a significant effect on the use of fintech with a significance value of 0.030 < 0.05 (2) The quality of financial learning influences the use of fintech with a significance value of 0.007 < 0.05 (3) financial literacy and the quality of financial learning has a significant effect on the use of fintech with a significance value of 0,000 < 0.05. The contribution value given from the independent variable to the dependent variable is 29.1%.

 

Keywords: financial literacy, quality of financial learning, use of fintech

 

Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan dan kualitas pembelajaran keuangan terhadap penggunaan fintech. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang sudah memprogramkan manajemen keuangan dan menggunakan fintech, berjumlah total 60 orang yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan denga metode pembagian kuesioner dengan skala likert. Uji persyaratan analisis menggunakan uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas dan uji heterokedasitas. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) literasi keuangan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan fintech dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,030 < 0,05 (2) Kualitas pembelajaran keuangan berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan fintech dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,007 < 0,05 (3) literasi keuangan dan kualitas pembelajaran keuangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penggunaaan fintech dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai kontribusi yang diberikan dari variabel bebas ke variabel terikat sebesar 29,1%.

 

Kata kunci : literasi keuangan, kualitas pembelajaran keuangan, penggunaan fintech.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT MAHASISWA BERORGANISASI
Authors: Nurdi Putri Bayina Rahma , Laikuallo Syutri , Meiliska Alifia
Published: August 2022

Abstract

 

Students are intellectual human being who will become the next successor of the nation in the future.  Together in student organizations is a learning tool for every student to be able to develop intellectual abilities.  In three consecutive years, the management student association experienced a significant increase in the organization, the increase in students who were actively involved in the student organization, especially the management study program, indicated that the management student association set a great goals so students chose to be involved in the organization.  Based on research conducted on students who are active in the management association organization Fajar University of Makassar, from the results of in-depth interviews conducted, researchers found 5 reasons that influence students actively organizing, namely interesting activities, motivation from seniors, new friends, communication skills and work experience.

 

Keywords: Student, Organization, Interest

 

Abstrak

 

Mahasiswa merupakan insan intelektual yang akan menjadi generasi penerus bangsa di masa depan.berhimpun dalam organisasi kemahasiswaan merupakan sarana belajar bagi setiap mahasiswa untuk bisa mengembangkan kemampuan intelektual. Dalam tiga tahun berturut-turut himpunan mahasiswa manajemen mengalami peningkatan signifikan dalam berorganisasi, meningkatnya mahasiswa yang ikut terlibat aktif dalam himpunan organisasi mahasiswa khususnya prodi manajemen menandakan bahwa himpunan mahasiswa manajemen mempunyai tujuan yang baik sehingga mahasiswa memilih untuk ikut terlibat dalam organisasi tersebut. Bersadarkan penelitian yang di lakukan pada mahasiswa yang aktif dalam organisasi himpunan manajemen Universitas Fajar Makassar. Dari hasil wawancara mendalam yang di lakukan, peneliti menemukan 5 alasan yang mempengaruhi mahasiswa aktif berorganisasi yaitu kegiatan menarik, motivasi dari senior, teman yang baru, kemampuan berkomunikasi dan pengalaman dunia kerja.

 

Kata kunci: Mahasiswa, Organisasi, Minat
PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. KALLA INTI KARSA MAKASSAR
Authors: Sirong Kamelia
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze how many the influence of work culture and how many from motivation on employee performance, either simultaneously or partially on PT. Inti Karsa Kalla Makassar. The sample used in this study are as much 55 people with the methods of sample saturated with the number of respondents is the entire population, the number of 55 people. This study uses multiple regression analysis. Based on the analysis of data and testing hypotheses of this study show that the F test results indicate that the work culture and motivation significantly affects the performance of employees. T test results also show that in partial work culture and motivation significantly affects the performance of employees. Determination coefficient of 0.731, which means that the role given by the combination of cultural variables on the performance and motivation of employees by 73,1% while the remaining 26,9% are influenced by some other factors not examined by investigators.

 

Keywords: Work Culture, Motivation, Employee Performance

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh budaya kerja dan seberapa besar pengaruh dari motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial pada PT. Kalla Inti Karsa Makassar. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 55 orang dengan metode sampel jenuh dengan jumlah responden merupakan seluruh populasi, yakni sejumlah 55 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Regresi Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pengujian hipotesa penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa budaya kerja dan motivasi secara signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Hasil uji t juga menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel budaya kerja dan motivasi secara signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,731 yang artinya bahwa peranan yang diberikan oleh kombinasi variabel budaya kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 73,1% sedangkan sisanya 26,9% dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti.

 

Kata Kunci : Budaya Kerja, Motivasi, Kinerja Karyawan.
PENGARUH E-BANKING TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Amali Lanto Miriatin , Selvi Selvi
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan E-Banking dengan menggunakan indikator Internet Banking dan SMS Banking terhadap kinerja keuangan perbankan. Hal ini sejalan dengan kondisi keuangan perbankan dari beberapa perusahaan yang telah mengalami penurunan selama 5 tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode tahun 2015-2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan E-banking (Internet Banking dan SMS Banking) terbukti mampu meningkatkan kinerja keuangan ( profitabilitas ) atau berpengaruh positif terhadap ROEC (Return On Equity Capital ) dari perusahaan perbankan meskipun tidak signifikan. Koefisien regresi menunjukkan hasil positif dengan nilai 0,536 atau 20,1%.

 

Kata Kunci : kinerja keuangan, e-banking, profitabilitas
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI LQ-45 PERIODE 2015-2019
Authors: Fitriati Fitriati , Nurulrahmatiah Nafisah
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Return On Assets (ROA) dan Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap pertumbuhan laba pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di LQ-45 periode 2015-2019. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 45 perusahaan.Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 3 perusahaan.Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan SPSS versi 23.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ROA tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba. DER disisi lain berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan laba. Secara simultan, ROA dan DER tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba perusahaan makanan dan minuman tahun 2015-2019.

Kata Kunci: Return On Assets, Debt To Equity Ratio, Pertumbuhan Laba
PENGARUH PROMOSI PENJUALAN DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA PT. NUSANTARA SURYA SAKTI MAJENE
Authors: Nadir Muh , DJ Arifhan Ady , Irvan Irvan
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi penjualan dan citra merek berja baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap karyawan pada PT Nusanatara Surya Sakti Majene. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan jumlah responden sebanyak 50 responden. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini telah melewati tahap uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian pada taraf signifikansi 5% menunjukkan bahwa, promosi penjualan perusahaan PT Nusantara Surya Sakti Majene memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Ini dapat dilihat dari t hitung 3,891 > t table 2,011 maka hipotesis diterima, artinya promosi penjualan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen pada PT Nusantara Surya Sakti Majene. Citra merek di perusahaan PT Nusantara Surya Sakti Majene memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Ini dapat dilihat dari t hitung 2,128 > t table 2,011 maka hipotesis ditermia, artinya citra merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di perusahaan PT Nusantara Surya Sakti Majene. F hitung (13,727) > F table (3.20) hipotesis diterima artinya promosi penjualan dan citra merek secara serentak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pemeblian konsumen PT Nusantara Surya Sakti Majene.

 

Kata Kunci: Promosi Penjualan, Citra Merek Dan Keputusan Pembelian
OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN MANAJEMEN ZAKAT PADA BADAN ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU
Authors: Basalamah Abdurahman , Ahmad Tri Sulkarnain , Saharuddin Saharuddin
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pengelolaan zakat, optimalisasi zakat dan manajemen zakat pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional di kabupaten Mamuju. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif atau memiliki karakteristik dalam halnya melihat keadaan penelitian digunakan yang sewajarnya (natural setting).  Pengumpulan data dari informan dengan bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami subyek penelitian, dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah. Adapun lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Mamuju. Adapun populasi di Badan Amil Zakat Kabupaten Mamuju berjumlah 13 Orang. Analisis data menunjuk pada kegiatan mengorganisasikan data kedalam susunan-susunan tertentu. Data dari hasil observasi,wawancara serta catatan-catatan lapangan dirangkum ke dalam kategori analisis yang disebut reduksi data. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan optimalisasi zakat dapat lebih menyerukan kepada pemerintah daerah agar dapat mengalokasikan APBD dalam mendanai biaya operasional pengelolaan zakat di Kabupaten Mamuju. Pengelolaan zakat dapat lebih meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat dan kepada pegawai negeri sipil tentang betapa pentingnya berzakat, serta Manajemen zakat dapat bekerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah yang lain termasuk instansi vertical serta swasta dan juga mengaktifkan unit pengumpul zakat di instansi tersebut. Mengaktifkan kembali pemanfaatan sarana media baik itu media cetak, media elektronik maupun media sosial sebagai sarana publikasi kegiatan di Kabupaten Mamuju serta mengungkapkan hasil laporan pelaksanaan tahunan kepada masyarakat umum secara transparansi.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Zakat, Optimalisasi Zakat , Manajemen Zakat
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LOYALITAS PELANGGAN SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DI HOTEL ELJI KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Isa Ramlan Amir
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Loyalitas Pelanggan terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis dan sumber data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari data primer dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner pada Pengunjung Hotel Eljie Kota Gorontalo serta data sekunder dari dokumen yang diperoleh dari Hotel Eljie Kota Gorontalo. Sampel yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data primer adalah sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara parsial dan simultan dari variabel kualitas pelayanan, variabel kepuasan pelanggan, dan variabel kepercayaan pelanggan terhadap variabel keunggulan bersaing,  dan juga terdapat pengaruh secara tidak langsung dari variabel kualitas pelayanan, variabel kepuasan pelanggan, dan variabel kepercayaan pelanggan terhadap variabel keunggulan bersaing jika melalui variabel loyaliatas pelanggan

 

Kata Kunci : Kualitas pelayanan, Kepuasan Pelanggan, Kepercayaan Pelanggan, Loyalitas Pelanggan dan Keunggulan Bersaing
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET BANKING (Studi Pada Nasabah Bank Syariah Mandiri Di Indonesia)
Authors: Hanjadi Dinar Fithriya , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal , Suharto Suharto , Fachri Adib
Published: August 2022

Internet Banking adalah salah satu pelayanan jasa bank yang memungkinkan masyarakat ataupun nasabah untuk memperoleh informasi, melakukan komunikasi dan melakukan transaksi perbankan melalui jaringan internet, dan bukan merupakan bank yang hanya menyelenggarakan layanan perbankan melalui internet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui minat mahasiswa terhadap fasilitas layanan internet bankingdan mobile banking yang disediakan oleh pihak perbankan, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan internet banking dan mobile banking. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Metode digunakan karena obyek yang diteliti terukur dan rasional. Obyek penelitian yaitu semua bank syariah mandiri yang ada di selurih Indonesia. (79 cabang Bank syariah mandiri yang dijadikan obyek penelitian). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Perkembangan E-Banking mengalami lompatan besar, transaksi bank menjadi mudah, cepat dan real time tanpa ada batasan waktu dan tempat. Bank menyediakan layanan E-Banking untuk memenuhi tuntutan dan kebutuhan nasabah sebagai alternatif media untuk melakukan transaksi perbankan, tanpa nasabah datang ke bank atau ke ATM. Kecuali untuk transaksi setoran dan tarikan uang tunai.

Kata Kunci : Internet Banking, Minat
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF KINERJA REKSA DANA SAHAM SYARIAH DAN REKSA DANA SAHAM KONVENSIONAL PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2016-2019
Authors: Bakri Abdul Majid , Hatta Muhammad , Hasan Muchlis , L Amelisa
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kinerja Reksa Dana saham syariah dan Reksa Dana saham konvensional. Metode pemilihan sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling sehingga terpilih 10 sampel Reksa Dana saham syariah dan 10 sampel Reksa Dana saham konvensional. Untuk mengukur kinerja Reksa Dana saham peneliti menggunakan tiga metode pengukuran yaitu metode Sharpe, Treynor dan Jensen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja Reksa Dana saham konvensional lebih tinggi daripada kinerja Reksa Dana saham syariah dengan menggunakan metode Sharpe dan Treynor, dan pada metode Jensen kinerja Reksa Dana saham syariah lebih tinggi daripada  kinerja Reksa Dana saham konvensional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa uji beda dengan menggunakan uji statistik Independent Sample T-test  pada program IBM SPSS Statistics 24, nilai signifikansi adalah lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kinerja Reksa Dana saham syariah dan kinerja Reksa Dana saham konvensional dengan menggunakan metode Sharpe dan Treynor. Dan diketahui nilai signifikansi untuk metode Jensen adalah lebih besar dari 0,05 yang artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kinerja Reksa Dana saham syariah dan kinerja Reksa Dana saham konvensional dengan menggunakan metode Jensen.

Kata kunci: tingkat pengembalian, risiko, perbandingan kinerja Reksa Dana saham, indeks saham syariah, indeks saham konvensional.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Could it be used as a cardiovascular risk predictor in hemodialysis patients?
Authors:   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey, Usta Sefer
Published: August 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the chronic renal failure (CRF) and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis (HD) patients according to the serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Patients and Methods: A hundred patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, there were 50 patients (20 females, 30 males) who receive HD due to CRF. In the second group, which is arranged as a control group, there were 50 patients (22 female, 28 male) having a cardiovascular risk, but without CRF. CRP values were determined in both groups
Comparison of plate and nail fi xation for acute humeral shaft fracture of our experience
Authors:   Chung, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Chi-Mei Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan., Huang Yi Lune
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Plating fixation for treatment of humeral shaft fracture is a gold standard method in old days. Due to the progression of surgical technique and implant material, nailing fixation for humeral shaft fracture seems to also be a reasonable choice. However, different outcomes are reported. Hence, we make a retrospective study of our cases to compare and analyze plating and nailing system for humeral shaft fracture
A newborn with a missing cerebrum
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring, D-48599 Gronau, Germany, Weissenstein Anne
Published: August 2022

Hydranencephaly is an extremely rare anomaly of cerebral structures that occurs in-utero. Cerebral hemispheres are destroyed with transformation into a membranous sac with cerebrospinal fluid and parts of cortex and white matter. The disorder has an incidence of 0.2% in children. Clinical symptoms in neonates are seizures, respiratory failure, flaccidity or decerebrate posturing. Complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres and falx is present. We present a case of a male newborn with hydranencephaly. A possible correlation with in utero exposure to vasoactive drugs will be discussed.
Revisiting Mantoux test in the era of immunization and Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors:   PhD, FAGE, Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India Microbiology, Kandi Venkataramana
Published: August 2022

This review reinvents the role of mantoux test/tuberculin skin test (TST) in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). TB has been the most significant infectious disease responsible for severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Asia and African continents constitute most of the burden of world TB. Although a treatable infectious disease, the exposed individuals do not always show clinical signs of infection. TB may be present latent in many infected population. Clinical, radiological, cultural and staining methods, molecular techniques and many other advanced laboratory methods are available for the diagnosis of TB. Among the various laboratory techniques available for the diagnosis of TB, Mantoux TST is a low cost and easily done test that if performed and interpreted appropriately can be used for diagnosis of TB.
Open fracture wound infections caused by Aeromonas species
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Wu Tung-Lung
Published: August 2022

Background: The knowledge about Aeromonas infections following open fracture is limited, so the aim of this study was to the clinical characteristics of patients with open fracture wound infections caused by Aeromonas species.
Perforated gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum due to round worm bolus presenting as acute abdomen
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Srinagar - 190 010, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Mohamed Dar Hanief
Published: August 2022

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually asymptomatic. However, in patients with the intestinal ascariasis, Meckel’s diverticulum may pursue a silent course or may be complicated by diverticulitis, gangrene, and perforation. Perforation due to impacted round worm bolus is a rare complication. This report presents a rare complication of Meckel’s diverticulum due to impacted round worm bolus.
Sociodemographic and obstetrical factors associated with low birth weight: Community based retrospective study in an urban slum of Western India
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, Gujarat, India, B. Patel Prakash
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study aimed to find out association between low birth weight (LBW) and sociodemographic factors, obstetrical factors and ante natal care. The study also helped to recognize whether the known risk factors of LBW still exists or their relation is modified in current era in urban slum area of Surat city in Western India. Methodology: This study is a part of large scale survey conducted to assess reproductive and child health services in Surat city in Western India. In this large scale study, out of 1004 community-based “Maternal and Child Day Care Centres,” 30 center were selected by using cluster sampling design. In the selected areas, a household survey was conducted to assess maternal and child healthcare status. Birth weight <2500 g was considered as LBW and association of study variables with LBW was find out using Chi-square and odds ratio. Results: Among the 322 mothers interviewed, 51.6% were of 20-24 years of age; 97.2% were having antenatal registration; 35.7% had high risk pregnancy; 9.6% were working; 23.3% had birth interval ≤2 years. LBW rate was 20.5%. High risk pregnancy, preterm birth and birth interval ≤2 years shows statistically significant (P < 0.05) association with LBW. Conclusion: High risk pregnancy and ≤2 years of birth interval are good predictor of LBW
Hemifacial Microsomia with bilateral ear involvement
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences Nitte University, Karnataka, India, Madiyal Ananya
Published: August 2022

Hemifacial microsomia is a rare form of craniofacial anomaly displaying abnormalities of the derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. A diagnosis of hemifacial microsomia is made if the patient presents with microtia, hypoplastic mandible, maxilla or the zygomatic arch on one side of the face. Bilateral involvement is rare. Here we present a rare form of the syndrome which presented with bilateral ear involvement and hearing deficit. Radiographs helped in diagnosing the case as hemifacial microsomia. The condition is extremely complex and heterogenous. Accurate diagnostic workup is necessary to differentiate this condition from other conditions of the first and second arch derivatives. We describe here the characteristic clinical and radiographic features which help to improve the knowledge on the disorder.
Comparison of the protective nature of antioxidants on stored erythrocytes
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India., Ravikumar Soumya
Published: August 2022

Erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage during storage which overwhelms their antioxidant defense system. The employment of antioxidants as additives during storage could protect erythrocytes against storage induced oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of antioxidants (Vitamin C, L-carnitine and Curcumin) on osmotic stress in erythrocytes of stored blood. Blood was obtained from male Wistar rats (4 months old) during the year 2015 and stored for up to 25 days at 4 ºC in CPDA-1 solution. Samples were divided into 10 groups (n=5) with and without antioxidants (Vitamin C, L-carnitine and Curcumin) at concentrations of 10mM, 30mM and 60mM. Erythrocytes were isolated from stored blood every fifth day and the effects of storage on osmotic fragility and membrane sulfhydryls were studied.
Prevalence of forward head posture among 12–16-year-old school going students—A cross-sectional study
Authors:   SBB College of Physiotherapy, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India, Verma Shivani Lalitkumar
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Posture is the attitude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity, or a characteristic manner of bearing one’s body. Forward head posture (FHP) is characterized by increased flexion of the lower cervical spine and upper thoracic region and increased extension of upper cervical vertebrae which also leads to changes in the lumbar spine. FHP is a measure of the poor posture of the neck, so this study was conducted to find the prevalence of FHP among 12–16-year-old school going students
Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used in Kakamega County, western Kenya
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Odongo Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to identify the medicinal plants used by the Luhya community in Kakamega County and promote the preservation of this traditional knowledge. Methods: An ethnobotanical study was carried out between March 2016 and April 2016. Information from the 26 participants was obtained through face-to-face interviews, field observations, and by the use of semi-structured questionnaires. A literature review was done to identify the previously reported traditional uses and pharmacological activities. The relative frequency of citation, use values, and fidelity level values of the reported medicinal plants were calculated.
Gastric Ulcer and Surgery
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Croatia, Franjić Siniša
Published: August 2022

Gastric ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer disease, and peptic ulcers are all ulcers that affect the stomach and small intestine. Gastric ulcer occurs when the thick layer of mucous membrane that protects the human stomach from digestive juices is reduced. This allows the digestive acids to corrode the tissues on the inside of the stomach wall, causing ulcers. Gastric ulcer can be cured, but without proper treatment it can become a serious problem
Diabetes Mellitus Associated Progressive Neurovascular Retinal Injury: Recommendations for Imaging and Functional Testing and Potential Role for Early Intervention with Modern Retinal Laser Therapy
Authors:   Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Philadelphia, PA, Sinclair Stephen H , Luttrull Jeffrey K ,   Ventura County Retinal Vitreous Medical Group, Ventura, California, USA
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus is now recognized as a systemic, autoimmune, microvascular disorder, which, in the retina results in severe, multifocal injury now recognized as a leading cause, world-wide, of progressive vision loss. To address this problem in the prediabetic and overt diabetic states, it must be realized that, although the injury processes may be system wide, there are varying responses, effector, and repair mechanisms that differ from organ to organ or within varying cell structures. Specifically, within the “neurovascular unit” of the retina, lesions occur of focal microvascular occlusions, inflammatory endothelial and pericyte injury, and small vessel leakage resulting in injury to astrocytes, Müller cells, microglia, and causing progressive neuronal apoptosis. Such lesions are now recognized to occur before the first microaneurysms are visible by fundus camera imaging or before detectable symptoms or signs recognizable to the patient or clinician. Treatments, therefore which currently are not initiated until edema develops or progressive vascular occlusion, are applied relatively late with some reduction in progressive cellular injury but with minimal vision improvement.
YAŞ AYRIMCILIĞINDA YENİ DÖNEM: EPİDEMİK STİGMA
Authors: SELÇUK Nurullah
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışma son dönemlerde sosyal politikalar geliştirilerek aktif yaşlanma ile faal nüfusun bir parçası haline gelme gayreti içerisinde olan yaşlının, Covid-19 salgını sürecinde maruz kaldığı ayrımcılıkla yaşadığı sosyal problemleri ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, toplumsal ilişkilerde ve sosyal yapıda meydana gelen değişikliklerden en çok etkilenen ve kırılgan kitle içerisinde bulunan yaşlıların, yaşamış olduğu sorunlara ek olarak salgın süreciyle birlikte damgalama yoluyla maruz kaldıkları ayrımcılığa dikkat çekmektir. 2020 yılının mart ayı itibariyle küresel boyutlara ulaşan Yeni Tip Korona Virüs (Covid-19), bulaşma riski yüksek olan bir hastalık olarak ciddi önlemlerin alınmasına neden olmuştur. Hastalığın etkilerinin hassas gruplar için yıkıcı olması, riskli gruplar üzerinde tedbirlerin daha geniş kapsamlı alınmasına neden olmuştur. Bu süreçte, kronik hastalar ve 65 yaş üstü bireylerin korunması amacıyla alınan önlemlere, gerek görsel medyada gerekse sosyal medyada geniş yer verilmiştir. Özellikle yaşlıların sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasının bir karantina süreci olarak algılanmasına neden olan açıklamalar, modernleşme ile beraber ciddi oranda statü kaybı yaşayarak sosyal problemleri artan yaşlıların yeni bir ayrımcılıkla karşı karşıya kalmalarına neden olmuştur. Önlemler kırılgan olan risk gruplarını korumaya yönelik alınırken, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde ana akım medya ve sosyal medyanın bu önlemleri, salgının yaşlılar üzerinden yayıldığı algısına neden olan haberleri ve paylaşımları nedeniyle hastalığın kaynağı yaşlılar olarak görülmüştür. Yaşlıya karşı aktif nüfus tarafından (15-64) gerçekleştirilen yaş ayrımcılığı (yaşçılık), salgın sürecinde başka bir boyut kazanarak epidemik bir stigma haline dönüşmüştür. Ana akım medyada salgın süreciyle ilgili haberler yaşlı kitle üzerinde alınan tedbirlerle dile getirilmiş, salgın kökenli ölümler yaş değişkeni üzerinden açıklanmış ve dolayısıyla salgınla ilgili alınacak tedbirler ve Covid-19 gündemleri yaşlılar üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Popüler eğlence kültürünün önemli araçlarından biri olan sosyal medya aracılığıyla yapılan paylaşımlar, 65 yaş ve üstü kişileri salgının seyri konusunda neden göstermiş ve yaşlı ayrımcılığını şiddetlendirmiştir. Aktif nüfus içerisinde başarılı yaşlanma girişimleriyle var olabilme mücadelesi veren yaşlının, yaşlanmayla beraber artan sorunlar nedeniyle dezavantajlı durumu, salgın sürecinde oluşan algı ile çarpıcı boyutlara ulaşmış ve birçok olumsuz örneklerle vicdanları yaralayan görüntülere neden olmuştur. Bu kapsamda çalışma, yaşlıya karşı bulaşıcı bir hastalığın yayılma hızına bağlı oluşan epidemi durumunda, aktif nüfus olarak nitelendirilen kitle tarafından ayırt edilmesine neden olan, yaşa dayalı (algılanabilir toplumsal özelliklerine göre) başkalaştırma veya ayrımcılık yapılması suretiyle damgalanmasını ve ortaya çıkan epidemik stigma (salgının nedeni- salgın yoluyla damgalama, iz) sürecini ele almaktadır.
Training and Employment of Classic and Semi-Professions: Intensifying versus Accommodating Logics
Authors: Jehn Anthony , Davies Scott , Walters David
Published: August 2022

Over a half century ago, researchers found that so-called classic professions attract socially advantaged recruits with better labour market outcomes; however, as semi professions become increasingly institutionalized, and classic professional programs expand, differences between these two groups may be less pronounced. Using Statistics Canada’s 2018 National Graduate Survey, we compare inputs and outcomes of four classic professions (law, pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry) and three semi-professions (teaching, social work, and nursing). Bivariate statistics show semi-professions have more non-traditionalgraduates who invest less in training. Multiple linear regression models also show that after controlling for demographics, classic professions have stronger education-job matches and higher earnings three years after graduation. We interpretthese findings as being consistent with our theory of intensifying logic, where classic professions have tight training-job connections, and accommodating logic which suggests semi-professions have looser labour market connections. We end bydiscussing directions for future research on the classic and semi-professions.
Book review of "Black Racialization and Resistance at an Elite University"
Authors: Jean-Paul Michelle
Published: August 2022

Book review of "Black Racialization and Resistance at an Elite University"
Book review of "Higher Education for Democracy: The Role of the University in Civil Society"
Authors: Le Anh Thi Hoai
Published: August 2022

Book review of "Higher Education for Democracy: The Role of the University in Civil Society"
Technologies and additive equipment for products made of metal, polymer and ceramic materials for construction
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) National Research University, Russia, Chernova D.N. , Slesarev M.Y. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) National Research University, Russia
Published: August 2022

The relevance of the review is due to the global trends of recent years towards the use of new production technologies in completely different areas of industry. The results of the research on the main types of additive technologies, the most common equipment and features associated with the use of specific materials will be presented. In the process of writing the article, the analysis method was used. The analysis of many scientific papers written on the topic under consideration was carried out. The objectives of the article are: to familiarize the reader with the principles of additive technologies; substantiation of the role and influence of additive technologies on education for the construction industry.
The legal nature of the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation: a place in the legal system of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Samara State Economic University, Russia, Gubaidullina E.H. , Tsirulina I.A. ,   Samara State Economic University, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the problems of determining the legal nature of the decisions of the plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and their place in the legal system of the Russian Federation. It is pointed out that it is necessary to specify at the legislative level the meaning of the judicial precedent. It is concluded that the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation clarify the meaning of legal norms, taking into account their most optimal, subsequent application in the process of implementing justice. The resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, first of all, is a judicial, not a legislative act. He generalizes the practice, sets the vector of its development, but does not create anything. The specification of legal norms and elements of the legal system is only a form of interpretation of legal norms, but does not create new legal relations.
Subsidiary liability of controlling persons in the simplified bankruptcy procedure of an absent debtor
Authors:   International Law Institute, Moscow, Pilchina D.Zh.
Published: August 2022

The author examines the application of subsidiary liability carried out in relation to persons controlling the debtor's activities on the eve of bankruptcy, including in simplified bankruptcy procedures of an absent debtor. Bankruptcy legislation does not provide for special rules of subsidiary liability for simplified bankruptcy procedures of an absent debtor. The conclusion is made about the coincidence of the signs used to establish the grounds for bringing to subsidiary responsibility the persons controlling the debtor's activities on the eve of bankruptcy, and the signs of the absent debtor, expressed in the actual absence of the debtor and the failure to provide them with accounting and other mandatory documentation, the obligation to maintain (compile) and storage of which is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The concealment of documentation should be considered as unfair behavior, for the prevention of which it is possible to apply negative consequences for the head of an inactive legal entity excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The expediency of establishing additional measures related to the restriction of the right to act as a head and participant of other organizations as a consequence of the simplified bankruptcy of an absent debtor, when the registering authority decides to refuse to register a company on the basis that an individual was a director (founder) of a legal entity that terminated its activities in the bankruptcy of an absent debtor, is considered.