bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of refractive outcomes in patients following scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation with Yamane and Z-suture techniques
Authors: Simsek Metehan , Besek Nilay Kandemir , Kirgiz Ahmet , Ahmet Sibel , Atik Burcu Kemer , Tellioğlu Adem
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To compare visual and refractive outcomes in aphakic patients who underwent scleral fixated intraocular lens (SF-IOL) implantation with Yamane and Z-suture techniques.

Design

Retrospective study

Methods

Patients who underwent SF-IOL implantation with Yamane and Z-suture techniques due to aphakia between 2021 and 2023 were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative 6. month best corrected visual acuity (BCVA-LogMAR), preoperative and postoperative spherical error, cylindrical error and postoperative mean absolute error (MAE), corneal endothelial and topographic parameters, 3 mm-6 mm pupil diameter corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were evaluated.

Results

Seventy-seven eyes of 77 patients who underwent SF-IOL implantation with Yamane and Z-suture techniques were included in the study. Yamane technique was performed in 38 (49.4%) and Z-suture technique in 39 (50.6%) patients. Postoperative BCVA was 0.44 ± 0.40 in Yamane technique and 0.47 ± 0.44 in Z-suture technique ( p = 0.73). Postoperative MAE was 0.84 ± 0.70 D in Yamane technique, 1.02 ± 0.88D in Z-suture technique ( p = 0.33). Postoperative CCT-preoperative CCT (ΔCCT) was 3.76 ± 27.62 µm in Yamane technique and 3.02 ± 15.58 µm in Z-suture technique ( p = 0.88). A significant difference was found between Yamane and Z-suture techniques only in the ΔTrefoil value at 6-mm pupil diameter in corneal HOAs. ΔTrefoil was significantly lower in Yamane technique ( p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Except ΔTrefoil value at 6-mm pupil diameter, although no significant difference was found, corneal endothelial and topographic parameters were less affected in Yamane technique compared to Z-suture technique.
Acoustic absorption characterization and modeling using support vector regression of plasterboards reinforced with woven Moroccan sisal fiber
Authors: Samouh Zineb , Er-Rradi Hafida , Idchabani Rachida , Jilbab Abdelilah , Bojji Chakib
Published: November 2024

The acoustic comfort and environmental concerns in the building sector are two interconnected and crucial aspects for the sustainable development of the construction industry. This study investigates the acoustic absorption properties of plasterboards reinforced with woven fabric made from Moroccan sisal fiber. Three different weave designs, Basket 2-2, 2/2 Twill, and 4-Harness Satin, were produced using a conventional weaving process. Plasterboards were manually fabricated by varying the number of fabric layers (one, two, or three) and employing a water/plaster ratio of 0.7. The acoustic performance of the plasterboards was evaluated using an impedance tube according to ISO 10534-2. The results demonstrated that the plasterboards reinforced with the Basket 2-2 weave achieved the highest sound absorption coefficient, reaching 0.39 at 1700 Hz with three layers, significantly higher than pure plasterboards, which exhibited a maximum coefficient of 0.05. The study also employed support vector regression (SVR) models to predict the sound absorption coefficient, with the linear SVM model achieving the best predictive accuracy (R² = 0.88, RMSE = 0.024). These findings underscore the potential of Moroccan sisal fiber as an eco-friendly reinforcement for improving the acoustic absorption of plasterboards.
The Processuality of ‘Sex’ in Biomedicine: Exploring Stem Cell Research, Cancer Medicine and Vaccine Safety Research
Authors: Meskus Mianna , Oikkonen Venla , Temmes Maria
Published: November 2024

Incorporating sex into biomedical research is envisioned as key to addressing inequalities in health. However, feminist research suggests that it is a complicated task. This is, we argue, especially the case with research that seeks to mobilise sex across different scales involving bodies, samples and populations to provide a basis for personalised biomedical prevention and treatment. Through case studies from stem cell research, cancer medicine and vaccine safety research, we analyse how sex is enacted, foregrounded and sidelined at different stages of research. We argue that sex becomes suspended between individual bodies, samples and population groups, and that this postpones biomedical analysis of sex differences in health. Yet, research on sex differences in complex embodied processes, such as drug metabolism or immunity, appears as a future potentiality. This potentiality shapes research practices that may open biomedicine towards multi-disciplinary study settings that bring together physiological and social dimensions of bodily difference.
Moral foundations and political ideology in the UK
Authors: Stoneman Paul , Wright James
Published: November 2024

Moral foundations theory is one of the most popularised and tested lenses of recent years, with its ability to account for differences in political ideology. For the first time using a nationally representative random probability sample, we assess how the newly refined moral foundation questionnaire may explain differences in political ideology and views on political issues in the UK. We confirm a six-factor model with robust estimates for the moral intuitions of care, equality, proportionality, authority, loyalty, and purity. We then use moral intuitions to predict (a) economic left-right and socially liberal-conservative ideology and (b) the relationship between political ideology and views on salient political issues. We find moral intuitions mostly play a unifying role across a series of issues, with the exception of feelings toward patriotism and Brexit.
Enlargement as high politics: New insights on the integration of the German Democratic Republic into the European Community
Authors: Klein Alexander
Published: November 2024

An essential part of the restructuring of the European security order after the Cold War is the Eastern enlargement of the European Community (EC). This article provides the hitherto missing explanation for the integration of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) into the EC. In alignment with neoclassical realism, I claim that high politics took precedence in this exceptional enlargement. Established theories underestimate the importance of security and power and, thereby, fall short in accounting for the fast-track accession of the GDR to the EC. I argue that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) pressed for a rapid reunification including the automatic accession of the GDR to the EC. Motivated by internal factors, the FRG’s government ventured a take-it-or-leave-it-offer that the other EC states acquiesced to under the threat of a German withdrawal from the EC with unforeseeable geopolitical consequences. The analysis builds on recently declassified, original documents collected from different archives.
Web crippling investigation of perforated aluminium lipped channels under interior-one-flange loading condition
Authors: Alsanat Husam , Gunalan Shanmuganathan , Alrsai Mahmoud , Poologanathan Keerthan , Abu Yousef Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the web crippling performance of roll-formed aluminium-lipped channels (ALCs) made of 5052-H36 aluminium alloy. The influence of web perforations on the crippling resistance of webs subjected to Interior-One-Flange (IOF) loading was examined. Laboratory tests were conducted on ALCs with and without circular openings at the mid-depth of the web. Finite element (FE) models were then developed and validated against the experimental results, ensuring their accuracy. To explore the influence of various parameters on the web crippling resistance, a parametric study was carried out. The parameters considered in the study include opening diameter, section depth, inside bent radius, bearing length, and aluminium grade. Using the data obtained from the parametric study, a comprehensive assessment of the available design guidelines for cold-formed steel and stainless steel was performed. New equations in the form of reduction factors were developed to accurately predict the reduction in the web crippling strength, showing their applicability to predict the reduction in the web crippling resistance due to web openings and statistically verifying their reliability.
Ensuring the integrity assessment of IoT medical sensors using hesitant fuzzy sets
Authors: Obidallah Waeal J
Published: November 2024

Objective: The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is transforming healthcare systems, but concerns about device integrity and sensitive data are growing. The study aims to develop a framework for evaluating and prioritizing integrity schemes in healthcare for IoT-based medical sensor devices, addressing the challenges of selecting the right authentication solution due to its complexity and intricacy. Methods: A unified health-hesitant fuzzy expert system for IoMT sensor integrity assessment in Saudi Arabia is described in this paper. Medical sensor integrity literature and professionals are contacted first. Delphi is used to gather attributes of integrity approaches while an Internet of Things medical sensor integrity specialist supervises the operation. After collecting characteristics, good assessment criteria are created and the hesitant fuzzy analytic network procedure is used to assess integrity. Results: Functional integrity and measurement accuracy are the biggest factors in IoMT sensor security and integrity, according to assessment. The framework achieves 93%, 94%, and 95% precision, accuracy, and recall compared to current approaches. The framework helps healthcare integrity security professionals and stakeholders assess and resolve IoT medical sensor authentication issues. Conclusion: This health-hesitant fuzzy expert system will let Saudi Arabian and international healthcare stakeholders safely deploy IoMT sensors in the changing healthcare landscape.
Capital flight and domination by diffuse collectives
Authors: Jaarte Miikka
Published: November 2024

When progressive governments attempt to redistribute wealth, nationalize major industries, or empower unions, they are often faced with the threat of capital flight. Some republican theorists have suggested that this phenomenon might be a source of domination. However, the prominent neo-republican account of domination presented by Philip Pettit cannot justify this claim, since the class of investors is not usually an agent. In this article, I present a novel theory of domination by diffuse collectives that can justify the intuition that the threat of capital flight is a source of domination.
Analysis of Ohio Nurses’ Voting Behaviors 2020–2023
Authors: Ludwick Ruth E. , Zalon Margarete L. , Patton Rebecca M. , Baughman Kristin R.
Published: November 2024

This study provides baseline data for voting patterns and the political affiliation of licensed nurses (licensed practical nurses [LPNs], registered nurses [RNs], and advanced practice registered nurses [APRNs]) in Ohio for the November 2020, 2022, and 2023 general elections. Using two public databases (licensed nurses and registered voters), the findings for 73.7% of all licensed nurses registered to vote are reported, including 18,894 APRNs, 30,731 LPNs, and 137,353 RNs. Compared to the Ohio population eligible to vote, one in 32 persons of the voting-eligible population is a licensed nurse, and one in 51 registered voters in Ohio is an RN. The data show that 11% of the nurses never voted in any of the three general elections, and 47.7% voted in all three. LPNs had the lowest voting (34%) record, while about 48% of RNs and 52% of APRNs voted in all three. Like Ohio's public, nurses’ party affiliation (Democrat, Republican, unaffiliated) varied, and most were unaffiliated with any party. Party affiliation was significantly associated with nurse licensure type (e.g., LPNs are less likely to be unaffiliated). Controlling for age and party affiliation, APRNs were more likely than LPNs to vote, and RNs were more likely than LPNs to vote in each election. Unaffiliated voters were less likely than Democrats to vote in all three elections. Across all elections, older voters were more likely to vote. These baseline findings on nurses’ actual voting behavior provide the impetus for engaging nurses individually and collectively in voting and policies that increase voter participation of nurses and the public.
More Bilingual Programs, No Matter What
Authors: De La Cruz Albizu Pedro J.
Published: November 2024

Since 2011, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE) has engaged in a campaign to increase the number of bilingual programs it offers. This case presents the experiences of a principal who was asked by her superintendent to open a new Dual Language program. Having been a principal for only 1 year, and with little expertise about English Language Learner compliance and instruction, the principal engaged in a learning process that illuminated significant complexities not just about bilingual education policy, but also about the DOE’s bureaucracy, policy implementation in NYC, and the ambiguity of the principalship.
New methods and applications of structural dynamics modeling for railway freight liquid tank
Authors: Zhao Chunlei , Zhao Shangchao , Xie Suming , He Maosheng , Li Xiangwei , Li Yuru
Published: November 2024

As railway freight technology advances towards heavy-load, high-speed capabilities, the design of liquid tank products is evolving to prioritize high load capacity, lightweight, high-strength materials, low structural rigidity, and thin-walled construction. These changes result in pronounced nonlinear low-frequency vibrations during rail operation. Addressing these complex liquid-solid coupled vibrations requires accurate dynamic modeling of the structural system. This paper introduces a novel dynamic modeling method for liquid tank products based on acousto-elastic coupling. This approach considers the swaying of the free liquid surface and liquid-solid interactions, enabling precise characterization of these dynamics in a unified model. Specifically, it tackles the challenge of uneven node swaying forces caused by non-uniform liquid surface meshing, presenting a technique and program to adjust swaying recovery forces based on nodes’ actual coverage area. This method’s liquid sway frequency calculations showed a 10% precision increase over traditional methods, more accurately reflecting liquid vibration states. The paper applies these techniques to a single tank container and an LNG tank container on a flatbed trailer. Through theoretical, simulation, and experimental comparisons, the model’s accuracy and reasonableness were validated. This low-dimensionality, high-precision dynamic model is universally applicable, especially valuable in modeling complex engineering structures.
Rollover prevention by designing a new fuzzy set solution for automotive active stabilizer bars based on a complex dynamic model
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the author introduces using active stabilizer bars (hydraulic anti-roll bars) for automobiles to improve the stability of rolling over when an automobile is steering. The car rollover oscillation is described by a complex dynamic model, a combination of the Pacejka tire model, the motion model, and the full oscillation model. A new fuzzy solution has been developed in order to control the active stability bars. This algorithm has three inputs related to the car’s rollover factor. The fuzzy rule (with 125 situations) and membership function are determined based on views related to the car’s stability and the antiroll system’s responsiveness. Numerical calculations and simulation are performed with two cases corresponding to two kinds of steering angles. Three situations correspond to three velocity values: v1, v2, and v3, and four scenarios are simulated in each situation to facilitate the comparison of results. According to the research findings, output values such as roll angle, rollover index, and load change are drastically reduced when the new fuzzy solution is applied to the active anti-roll bars. In the last case, the rollover occurs when the automobile does not use any stability bars or uses regular mechanical bars. The roll angle peak values reach 8.79° and 10.79°, while the maximum value belonging to the Active with Fuzzy situation is 10.94° without rolling over (corresponding to a rollover index of 0.64). The results obtained from this paper are the basis for developing more complex solutions for stabilizer bars in the future.
Hydroxydiorygmone A, a New Guaiane-Sesquiterpene from the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of Diorygma sp
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Hong , Duong Thuc-Huy , Duong Gia-Huy , Nguyen Huy Truong , Nguyen Thi-Hoai-Thu , Phan Nguyen-Hong-Nhi , Vo Thi-Phi-Giao , Tran Thi-Minh-Dinh , Nguyen Thi-Phuong
Published: November 2024

Objective: Cultured mycobiont of the Vietnamese crustose-lichen Diorygma sp. has been chemically investigated. Biological activities including cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line, α-glucosidase inhibition, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity were evaluated. Methods: Extensive spectroscopic methods (NMR and ECD) and HRESI mass data were employed for structural elucidation. These isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line, α-glucosidase inhibition, and inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Four compounds (1–4), including a new guaiane-sesquiterpene, hydroxydiorygmone A (1), along with three known analogues, diorygmones A and B (2 and 3) and pruinosone (4), were isolated and characterized. Compound 1 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 160 ± 2.2 µM and significant inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 8.11 ± 0.21 µM. Others were inactive in α-glucosidase inhibitory and nitric oxide inhibitory tests. Conclusion: A new guaiane-sesquiterpene, hydroxydiorygmone A (1) was isolated and showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 160 ± 2.2 µM and significant inhibitory activity toward nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 8.11 ± 0.21 µM.
Unlimited Employee Autonomy over Working Time? The Potentially Empty Notion of Autonomous Workers in EU law
Authors: Kártyás Gábor
Published: November 2024

Digital technology is often associated with greater working time autonomy: in theory at least, digitalisation can result in workplaces where employees are less subordinate to their employers in terms of working time. Article 17(1) of Directive 2003/88/EC on certain aspects of the organisation of working time acknowledges that certain working time measures do not apply in case of ‘autonomous workers’. However, the Court of Justice of the European Union has interpreted this exception strictly, excluding from its scope workers who enjoy only partial autonomy over their working time. The aim of this study is to explore whether the EU concept of autonomous worker meets practical requirements or needs to be amended. In section 2, I argue for a more permissive interpretation, as a predominantly autonomous schedule could still justify some flexibility as regards working time rules. This interpretation would also better fit the dual system of subordinated employees and self-employed workers who enjoy more flexibility in the determination of the working hours. Under section 3, the article explores the various methods that employers use to maintain control over the organisation of working time in non-standard work environments. Research shows that the combination of different controlling measures can ensure that employers have a decisive influence over the measure and schedule of working time, even in nominally flexible working arrangements. Consequently, while a broader understanding of the concept of autonomous workers is suggested, it shall be carefully assessed in each case whether the worker actually enjoys autonomy in respect of working time.
Plain Language Summary of Publication: A comparison of once-monthly and once-every-2-months injectable formulations of aripiprazole in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Citrome Leslie , Such Pedro , Yildirim Murat , Madera-McDonough Jessica , Beckham Clodagh , Jin Na , Watkin Suzanne , Zhang Zhen , Larsen Frank , Harlin Matthew
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this summary is to explain key findings from a study that included people with schizophrenia, as described in two separate articles (see the ‘Further Information’ section for more details).

The study compared a new formulation of aripiprazole, given as an injection once every 2 months, with a once‑monthly injection of aripiprazole.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence with NHEQF Descriptors for Pedagogical Excellence
Authors: Namboothiri Suresh , Varghese Thomas , Jacob Mendus , Job Sunil , Cyriac Joby
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the critical need to integrate affective and psychomotor domains alongside cognitive development in educational systems to achieve the comprehensive ‘Exit Outcomes’ of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) and align with the National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF) descriptors. Traditional educational approaches are inadequate for these goals, prompting the introduction of the AI-Charya framework—a novel, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pedagogical model. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study explores the limitations of existing models and the transformative potential of generative AI. The AI-Charya framework provides adaptive, multimodal educational strategies that personalize learning and significantly enhance critical and creative thinking skills. Findings indicate that students engaged with AI-Charya show marked improvements in these areas, positioning them for success in an increasingly automated global workforce. However, the study’s generalizability is limited by its specific educational contexts, and further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes. Despite these limitations, the AI-Charya framework offers a pioneering blueprint for aligning educational practices with OBE and NHEQF standards, equipping students with the holistic competencies required for dynamic, future-oriented careers. This research has significant implications for policymakers, educators and curriculum developers aiming to enhance educational excellence through innovative methodologies.
The Gaza Crisis and the Indian Exceptionalism
Authors: Kumaraswamy P. R.
Published: November 2024

India’s attitude on the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict marks a significant departure vis-à-vis India’s own position toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as the general view of the Global South. Its prime focus has been on the terrorist nature of the October 7 violence and the resolution of the conflict through the two-state solution. Both these positions exhibit the sympathy of the Indian government toward Israel, and despite reservations and criticisms, the domestic reaction to the official position has been more muted than in the past.
Delivering Education Through a Podcast to Change Provider Practice: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Podcast
Authors: Bangham Candice , Alford Daniel P. , German Jacqueline , Kranz Micaela , Liu Xinyang , Codner Alyson , O’Hagan Belinda , Harlowe Amy , Greece Jacey A.
Published: November 2024

Education delivery through multi-media such as podcasts has become more common yet impacts on behavior change are understudied. To address this, we evaluated an educational podcast available for continuing education (CE) credit to all providers but specifically tailored for children and/or women-focused specialties (i.e., family medicine, OBGYN, pediatric, prenatal, primary care). The podcast consisted of three 20-minute episodes focused on: (1) prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs); (2) perspectives from those with lived experience; and (3) treatment and prevention of FASDs at the provider level. Podcast effectiveness to educate providers was assessed using a mixed-methods evaluation. Participants completed registration information and an immediate post-test, which examined provider knowledge, self-efficacy, and practice behaviors related to FASD prevention. Qualitative data was collected from a sample of those who completed the post-test via focus groups conducted 6 months later. From March 2021 to March 2022 there were 579 listeners with 103 claiming CE credit (the evaluation sample) who participated in the evaluation. Participants reported high FASD-related knowledge; more than 85% were better able to educate patients about prenatal alcohol use risk and FASDs post-podcast. The majority (59.3%) intended to change practice based on what they learned. Qualitative results contextualized the benefits and challenges to changing practice, including structural barriers, and suggestions for enhancing the podcast in future seasons. Education delivered through podcasts can be effective in improving provider knowledge and self-efficacy and in promoting practice change. Podcasts offer broad reach and accessibility providing an opportunity to educate on topics including FASD.
Peer mentoring program through a digital platform for people with systemic sclerosis: A feasibility study
Authors: Chen Yen T , Shah Nirali , Alore Mary , Hicks Sheri , Vann Nadia , Hotz Stephanie , Pape Adam , Sabbagh Maya , Cunningham Melissa , Khanna Dinesh , Murphy Susan L
Published: November 2024

Objective:

People with systemic sclerosis (SSc or scleroderma), a rare chronic autoimmune disease, often face significant physical and emotional challenges. Peer mentoring, where someone with similar lived experiences offers guidance and support, shows promise in enhancing the well-being of recipients and may benefit individuals with systemic sclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential health effects of peer mentoring through a digital platform for people with systemic sclerosis.

Methods:

We conducted a one-group study to evaluate a 16-week peer mentoring program for people with systemic sclerosis. Mentors and mentees were matched by demographics and systemic sclerosis characteristics. Feasibility was evaluated using Orsmond and Cohn criteria: recruitment, data collection, acceptability, available resources, and participant responses to the program. Perceptions and usability of the peer mentoring program through a digital platform were assessed at week 16 (post-program). The health effects of peer mentoring were measured at baseline, week 8, and week 16.

Results:

Five trained mentors and 15 mentees were enrolled. Each mentor was paired with 2–4 mentees. We found that peer mentoring through a digital platform was feasible, acceptable, and had good usability for both mentors and mentees. Mentees reported significantly less anxiety at week 16 ( p < 0.001). Other improvements in fatigue, pain interference, depressed mood, and resilience were observed, but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

The peer mentoring program through a digital platform was well-received. Results provided preliminary support for the feasibility and potential health benefits of peer mentoring to enhance well-being in people with systemic sclerosis. Findings lay the groundwork for future peer mentoring research in systemic sclerosis.
Effect of graphite additive on physical, mechanical, and wearing properties of Al2O3/E-glass/phenol formaldehyde hybrid composite grinding wheel
Authors: Tafere Amanuel Gebrekrstos , Gerezgiher Alula Gebresas , Tesfay Abrha Gebregergs
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted to develop and assess the performance of composite grinding wheels enhanced with a graphite additive. These composite wheels were composed of aluminum oxide as abrasive and reinforcement material, E-glass as a reinforcement material, and phenolic resin as the matrix material. Various concentrations of graphite (4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% by weight) were incorporated into the composite formulations. Aluminum oxide, phenolic resin, and graphite were hand-stirred and combined. The mixture was then compressed at 94.4 MPa at room temperature, followed by heat treatment at 204°C for 50 min. The incorporation of graphite into Al2O3/E-glass/phenol formaldehyde composite grinding wheels significantly enhanced their mechanical properties and grinding performance. Increasing the graphite content up to 12 wt% in grinding wheels (GW3) resulted in a steady increase in density (from 1.9 g/cm³ to 2.1 g/cm³) and a corresponding decrease in porosity (from 16.5% to 3.6%) compared to the 4 wt% graphite-filled grinding wheels (GW1). Moreover, GW3 showed improvements in push-out strength by 60.6% (from 4.1 MPa to 6.57 MPa) and compressive strength by 15.7% (from 21.8 MPa to 25.17 MPa) compared to GW1. Wheels containing 16 wt% graphite (GW4) exhibited the lowest wear rate, reducing it by 89% (from 0.105 g/cm2 to 0.019 g/cm2) compared to GW1. These findings suggest that graphite incorporation is a promising approach for developing more durable and efficient grinding wheels, with the optimal graphite content for balancing strength and wear being 12 wt%.
Gentrificación? We know her
Authors: Linz Jess
Published: November 2024

This article responds to Ben Gerlofs and Ernesto López Morales’ article, “¿Quién es gentrificación (‘who is gentrificación’)?” It explores the term “blanqueamiento,” which emerged from Mexico City housing activism, highlighting its ability to reveal the interlaced racism, corruption, and cultural erasure in urban transformation. The response discusses how “gentrificación nos queda corto” (“gentrification falls short”) and the necessity of new terms like “blanqueamiento” to address the complexities of urban development. By examining local discourses and the role of scholars, activists, and journalists, the paper underscores the importance of diverse terminologies in advancing urban spatial justice. It argues that while “gentrification” has facilitated global conversations, terms like “blanqueamiento” are crucial for highlighting different aspects of the process, thereby advancing efforts to dismantle structures of inequality and envision more just urban futures.
Artificial Intelligence for Mechanical Ventilation: A Transformative Shift in Critical Care
Authors: Misseri Giovanni , Piattoli Matteo , Cuttone Giuseppe , Gregoretti Cesare , Bignami Elena Giovanna
Published: November 2024

With the large volume of data coming from implemented technologies and monitoring systems, intensive care units (ICUs) represent a key area for artificial intelligence (AI) application. Despite the last decade has been marked by studies focused on the use of AI in medicine, its application in mechanical ventilation management is still limited. Optimizing mechanical ventilation is a complex and high-stake intervention, which requires a deep understanding of respiratory pathophysiology. Therefore, this complex task might be supported by AI and machine learning. Most of the studies already published involve the use of AI to predict outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients, including the need for intubation, the respiratory complications, and the weaning readiness and success. In conclusion, the application of AI for the management of mechanical ventilation is still at an early stage and requires a cautious and much less enthusiastic approach. Future research should be focused on AI progressive introduction in the everyday management of mechanically ventilated patients, with the aim to explore the great potentiality of this tool.
The CheckMate 816 trial: a milestone in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Mayenga Marie , Pedroso Ana Rita , Ferreira Marion , Gille Thomas , Pereira Catarata Maria Joana , Duchemann Boris
Published: November 2024

Advancements in immunotherapy in the perioperative setting have revolutionised the treatment of resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we present the methodology and results of the clinical trial CheckMate 816 demonstrating the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, this article discusses the implications for future practice in resectable NSCLC and the need for future research.
Integration of lung function data: turning snapshots into stories
Authors: Wallbanks Samuel R. , Apen Calvin
Published: November 2024

Missing or inaccessible lung function measurements, gathered over time, have the potential to stagnate or impair clinical care decisions being made. This jeopardises patient safety and often contributes to excessive resource utilisation. Data integration is fundamental to clinical decision-making and entails amalgamating lung function data from multiple sources in a user-friendly format. Despite this, current systems for recording lung function data are suboptimal, with copious gaps in the clinical picture arising from missing or inaccessible lung function measurements. This article discusses the importance of data integration for lung function, with a call to action for key stakeholders involved in the performance, management and interpretation of such tests.
Con: indwelling pleural catheters cause harm to patients
Authors: Adams Katie , Bhatnagar Rahul
Published: November 2024

Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) have rapidly grown in popularity since their introduction for the management of recurrent pleural effusions. In malignant pleural effusions especially, there has been a shift away from measuring pleurodesis success and towards more patient-centred outcomes. Multiple randomised controlled trials have shown that despite lower rates of pleurodesis, symptom control and quality of life outcomes are comparable when compared to alternatives such as talc pleurodesis. IPCs have the added benefit of minimising inpatient hospital stays and reducing the need for recurrent pleural interventions, key priorities for patients with palliative disease. As a result, IPC treatment is associated with excellent patient satisfaction coupled with acceptably low complication rates. Furthermore, in patients with a short life expectancy they confer a cost benefit for the healthcare system.

Far from causing harm, IPCs are now recommended as first-line treatment by current clinical guidelines. In malignant pleural disease, guidance advocates IPCs should be offered as a first-line option with the focus on patient priorities and preferences. Ultimately IPCs provide a safe, effective, ambulatory option for managing recurrent pleural effusions.
Management of central sleep apnoea: a review of non-hypercapnic causes
Authors: Zheng Yizhong , Tai Jian Eu , Yee Brendon J.
Published: November 2024

Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is characterised by recurrent episodes of airway cessation or reduction in the absence of respiratory effort. Although CSA is less common than obstructive sleep apnoea, it shares similar symptoms. CSA can be secondary to various medical conditions, high altitude and medication exposure. CSA can also emerge during obstructive sleep apnoea therapy. There are a range of treatment options and selecting the right therapy requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of CSA. This review explores the aetiology, pathophysiology and clinical management of non-hypercapnic CSA.
Effect of antenatal education on pregnant women`s knowledge, attitude and preferences of delivery mode
Authors: El-shrqawy Eman Hassan , Elnemer Amina , Mohamed Elsayed Hanan
Published: November 2024

Background

Childbirth is considered as the happiest action that occurs in any parent's life. Although childbirth is a natural process, the choice of delivery mode is one of the concerns of pregnant women. Consequently, the objective of this study to assess the effect of antenatal education on pregnant women`s knowledge, attitude, and preferences of delivery mode.

Methods

A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to achieve the study utilizing 140 purposive sample of pregnant women selected from antenatal outpatient clinics at the New Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Mansoura, Egypt.

Results

The study findings reported that there was a significant improvement in total scores of the intervention group`s knowledge and attitude toward the modes of delivery, with a highly statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) at post-intervention compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Prenatal education sessions were linked to a significantly improved maternal outcome in terms of knowledge, attitude, and preferences for delivery mode (p < 0.001).

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06561984, registered on August 19, 2024, retrospectively registered.
Characteristic of mental health app usage: a cross-sectional survey in the general population
Authors: Fürtjes Sophia , Gebel Elisabeth , Kische Hanna , Beesdo-Baum Katja
Published: November 2024

Background

Mental health apps (MHA) have gained popularity in recent years. Most freely available apps are of low quality and lack evidence for effectiveness. Yet, download rates indicate high usage. MHA are potentially beneficial for individuals with no/low symptom severity as prevention, or as an option to reach underserviced populations. However, currently very little is known about the characteristics of MHA users in the general population, about the kind of MHA used, or the motivation behind MHA usage.

Methods

We collected survey-data from N = 1,247 individuals from the general population to investigate MHA usage.

Results

Descriptive statistics revealed that 41% had used MHA in the past 12 months; prescription app-use however was low (1.5% of MHA users). Mindfulness, moodtracking, and relaxation were the most popular categories of MHA. Perceived helpfulness, fun, and availability were the top reasons for MHA usage. Non-users reported distrust, lack of perceived need, and data security concerns as usage barriers. MHA users and non-users did not differ regarding sociodemographic variables. Multiple regression analyses revealed that sub-threshold symptoms of psychological disorders as well as higher levels of anxiety and stress were linked to higher probability of MHA usage. Higher levels of depression were associated with lower likelihood of MHA usage in general, but increased likelihood of usage of self-help apps specifically for depression.

Conclusions

It follows that MHA use is common in the general population independent of sociodemographic characteristics. MHA can reach people who might benefit, but more awareness and better structure of the market is needed to reduce distrust, increase usage of high-quality MHA, and improve the fit between app and user.
Enhanced vitamin B12 production by isolated Bacillus strains with the application of response surface methodology
Authors: Abdel-Baki Rania M. M. , Ahmed Marwa N. , Barakat Olfat S. , Khalafalla Galal M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin B12 is a crucial B-group vitamin, first isolated from the liver due to its role in combating pernicious anemia. It is distinguished by its unique and complex structure, which makes its chemical synthesis challenging and expensive. Consequently, vitamin B12 is alternatively obtained through microbial fermentations. Molasses, an affordable and safe agro-industrial waste, can be used as a carbon source for vitamin B12 production, offering a cost-effective alternative to expensive sugars in the production medium.

Results

A total of 87 yeast, actinomycete, and bacterial isolates were screened for vitamin B12 production, with 15 isolates showing high productivity. Bacillus isolates were selected for further analysis using MALDI-TOF and molecular identification. These isolates were identified as four strains of Bacillus subtilis (MZ08, JT10, BY11, and JT17), one strains of Bacillus sp. (CB09), and one strain of Peribacillus acanthi (MZ01). Genetic circuits associated with vitamin B12 production were demonstrated in a closely related strain of Peribacillus acanthi MZ01 strain. Three strains (MZ01, MZ08, and JT17) were selected for further evaluation of vitamin B12 productivity under different sugar types (glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, and galactose) and varying inoculum sizes. The inoculum size significantly impacted vitamin B12 production, with an increase from 5 to 10% enhancing yields. The ability of the strains to produce vitamin B12 varied depending on the type of sugar used. Peribacillus acanthi MZ01 strain showed the highest productivity and subsequently, selected for optimizing vitamin B12 production conditions using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the optimized conditions were then applied to molasses-based medium to achieve high vitamin B12 yields by MZ01 strain.

Conclusion

In this study, Peribacillus acanthi was characterized for the first time as a vitamin B12 producer, demonstrating high productivity among various tested strains. The optimization of production conditions using response surface methodology, further enhanced vitamin B12 yields, showcasing the strain’s efficiency in microbial fermentations. This research also highlights the potential of using molasses as a cost-effective alternative carbon source, significantly reducing production costs.
How do patients and healthcare professionals experience foot examinations in diabetes care? – A randomised controlled study of digital foot examinations versus traditional foot examinations
Authors: Hellstrand Tang Ulla , Tranberg Roy , Sundberg Leif , Scandurra Isabella
Published: November 2024

Background

Digital solutions in healthcare can facilitate and improve care. However, the experiences and the usefulness of using either digital foot examinations or traditional foot examinations need to be evaluated.

The aims of the study were to evaluate:

1) The differences in patient experiences, having their foot examined supported by the Clinical Decision Support System as compared with having their foot examined in traditional practice,

2) How healthcare professionals, by using the digital tool, experienced the routine compared with performing the foot examination as in traditional practice.

Methods

Of a total of 141 patients, 100 patients with diabetes were single-blind digitally randomised to one of two parallel arms: having their foot examined by a healthcare professional using a digital tool (n = 47) or having their foot examined as in traditional practice (n = 53) at the Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Patients filled in a modified version of the National Patient Survey and the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey at study end. Two healthcare professionals, working at a Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, answered surveys regarding the interaction between the patient and the certified prosthetist and orthotist.

Results

Patients, aged 66 ± 13 years, perceived a high level of satisfaction with the service at the department, regardless of the method used. No significant differences between groups were found when evaluated by 27 questions in the National Patient Survey or by the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey, with scores of 67.17 ± 12.18 vs. 66.35 ± 16.52 (p = 0.78) for the intervention and control group respectively. For the same patient that healthcare professionals foot examined, the risk class was fully obtained when the risk to develop foot ulcers was assessed by using the digital tool, whereas only 2% of the patients were classified when foot assessed in traditional practice.

Conclusions

Regardless of the method used for the foot examination, patients perceived a high level of satisfaction with the services at the Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics. All the patients were risk classified in the intervention group. The healthcare professionals found that, by using the Clinical Decision Support System, the foot examination was structured and followed clinical guidelines. Furthermore, the documentation in the electronic health record was thorough, even though further improvements, such as integration with co-existing health record systems, were requested.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials NCT03088566, Registered 23 March 2017.
Developmental studies of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands in Japanese quails (Coturinx coturinx japonica)
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud Osman , Abd-Elkareem Mahmoud , Gaber Wafaa , Saleh Abdelmohaimen Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Background

The Japanese quail (Coturinx coturnix japonica) has a crucial role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century and continues to play main roles in our industry and scientific research. The advantages that the Japanese quail has, such as heavy egg production and high-quality meat with low cholesterol and fat contents, Moreover, the Japanese quail is easily managed, with high feeding conversion, low cost of investment, and high rate of returns. Salivary glands are a part of the lingual apparatus that secretes serios and mucous saliva. Whereas, the saliva secretions have different roles in the food variation, apprehension, and moisture of food bolus. The morphological and cytochemical analysis are done on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos of 6th, 10th, 11th, and 13th days of incubation and 25 healthy quail chicks at hatching day old, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 60th days old. These samples are investigated histologically, histochemically, and scanned by electron microscopy serially. Our purpose of the study is to highlight the area of the oropharyngeal salivary glands and their role in food variation, as few studies spoke about that in Japanese quail.

Results

The primordia of the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were noticed at the 6th and 10th days of the prehatching respectively as an epithelial bud. After hatching, both primordia were elongated and differentiated into secretory units. These glands were mucous polystomatic tubulo-alveolar paired glands, which were situated in the submucosa of the oropharyngeal floor (sublingual floor and paralingual grooves). The sublingual glands consisted of 3–5 lobes extended from the two Os ceratobranchial by their wide ends caudally, to beyond the median sulcus of the prefrenular part of the sublingual space rostrally. The taste buds were variable in size and position. The mandibular glands lay on the paralingual groove, which arose at the 10-day old embryo. The mandibular glands were located dorsomedial to the sublingual glands and extended longitudinally from the rostral border of the frenulum linguae to the caudal tips of the sublingual glands. The taste buds decreased in volume and number with advancing age.

Conclusion

Overall, salivary glands increase in their alcianophilic activity of the secretions with advancing age, which indicates low PH within the secretory end pieces.