bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAA of an Air-Cooling System for Electronic Devices
Authors: Münsterjohann Sven , Grabinger Jens , Becker Stefan , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the workflow and the results of fluid dynamics and aeroacoustic simulations for an air-cooling system as used in electronic devices. The setup represents a generic electronic device with several electronic assemblies with forced convection cooling by two axial fans. The aeroacoustic performance is computed using a hybrid method. In a first step, two unsteady CFD simulations using the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation with Shear Stress Transport (URANS-SST) turbulence model and the Scale Adaptive Simulation with Shear Stress Transport (SAS-SST) models were performed. Based on the unsteady flow results, the acoustic source terms were calculated using Lighthill’s acoustic analogy. Propagation of the flow-induced sound was computed using the Finite Element Method. Finally, the results of the acoustic simulation are compared with measurements and show good agreement.
Therapeutic Endoscopy Can Be Performed Safely in an Ambulatory Surgical Center: A Multicenter, Prospective Study
Authors: Mok Shaffer R. S. , Ho Henry C. , Gaughan John P. , Elfant Adam B.
Published: October 2016

Background. Even amongst experienced endoscopists, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) carry a potential risk for complications. These procedures are typically performed in a hospital-based endoscopy unit with general anesthesia. Aims. The goal of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of ERCP and EUS-FNA in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC). Methods. From June to November of 2014, we prospectively enrolled consecutive subjects undergoing ERCP and/or EUS-FNA in an ASC. An anesthesiologist, who was not involved in our study group, screened all subjects prior to their scheduled procedure. In order to monitor for adverse events (AE), all subjects received a telephone call at day 1 and 30 days after procedure. Results. 375 subjects (98 inpatients and 277 from an ASC) were enrolled. In the total population, a high proportion of subjects underwent procedures for neoplasms (21 (23.3%) inpatients versus 44 (17.1%) from an ASC) and for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) (27 (27.5%) versus 48 (17.3%)) and had the American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥III (75 (76.5%) versus 140 (50.5%)) and high-risk features (17 (17.3%) versus 75 (27.1%)). Overall ERCP-related AE (10 (13.2%) versus 12 (7.5%), p=0.2), pancreatitis (7 (9.2%) versus 11 (6.9%), p=0.6), and hemorrhage (3.9% versus 0.6%, p=0.25) were not different between inpatients and ASC subjects. There was also no difference between inpatients and ASC subjects’ EUS-related AE (1 (4.5%) versus 4 (3.4%), p=0.6), pancreatitis (1 (4.5%) versus 3 (2.6%), p=0.2), and hemorrhage (0% versus 1 (0.9%), p=0.9). Conclusions. ERCP and EUS can be performed in a higher risk population under the supervision of anesthesia in ASCs. Overall, the AE are equivalent between inpatients and ASC subjects.
Mitochondrial Disorder Aggravated by Metoprolol
Authors: Samuels Cheryl , Koenig Mary Kay , Hernandez Mariana , Yadav Aravind , Mosquera Ricardo A.
Published: October 2016

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents or beta-blockers are a class of medications used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and systemic hypertension. In therapeutic dosages, they have known adverse outcomes that can include muscular fatigue and cramping, dizziness, and dyspnea. In patients with mitochondrial disease, these effects can be amplified. Previous case reports have been published in the adult population; however, their impact in pediatric patients has not been reported. We describe a pediatric patient with a mitochondrial disorder who developed respiratory distress after metoprolol was prescribed for hypertension. As the patient improved with discontinuation of medication and no alternative etiology was found for symptoms, we surmise that administration of metoprolol aggravated his mitochondrial dysfunction, thus worsening underlying chest wall weakness.
Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant
Authors: Biancotto Giancarlo , Stella Roberto , Barrucci Federica , Lega Francesca , Angeletti Roberto
Published: October 2016

Despite the European ban of using anabolics in food-producing animals, growth promoters might still be illegally used in the European Union. To control the food chain and guarantee consumers’ health, there is a need of highly sensitive analytical methods for the identification of marker residues of such treatments. In the present study, a group of bulls (n=16) received trenbolone acetate (200 mg) and estradiol (40 mg) by a commercial ear implant during a time range of 71 days, and a second group (n=16) was kept for control. The aim of the research was to measure the residual urinary concentrations of the administered drugs (β-trenbolone andβ-estradiol), their main metabolites (α-trenbolone andα-estradiol), and possible alterations of the urinary profile of other endogenous hormones metabolically related. The analytical method was based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed average urinary concentrations ofα-trenbolone andα-estradiol during treatment in the range of (0.81÷2.1) ng mL−1and (0.96÷4.4) ng mL−1, respectively, whereasβ-trenbolone andβ-estradiol exhibit urinary concentrations lower than 0.22 ng mL−1in both cases. Data obtained from the urinary profiles of endogenous steroids indicate that they could be useful to indirectly detect the ongoing treatment.
Duplicate Vas Deferens Encountered during Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Breitinger Maxwell C. , Roszkowski Evan H. , Bauermeister Adam J. , Rosenthal Andrew A.
Published: October 2016

Duplication of the vas deferens is a rare anomaly, defined as the presence of two distinct vasa deferentia within one spermatic cord, with only 28 cases reported worldwide since 1959. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a duplicate vas deferens, presenting with abdominal pain from bowel obstruction secondary to incarcerated inguinal hernia. Spermatic cord dissection during hernioplasty revealed duplication of the vas deferens within the right spermatic cord. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed absence of waveforms in both vasa deferentia with arterial signal in the accompanying vessel. The hernia was repaired without complication. This report emphasizes recognition of duplicate vas deferens in avoiding iatrogenic injury and optimizing surgical outcome.
Apolipoprotein C-II Deposition Amyloidosis: A Potential Misdiagnosis as Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Lohani Sadichhya , Schuiteman Emily , Garg Lohit , Yadav Dhiraj , Zarouk Sami
Published: October 2016

Hereditary amyloidoses are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of hereditary amyloidosis associated with apolipoprotein C-II deposition in a 61-year-old female presenting with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome misdiagnosed as light chain amyloidosis. Renal biopsy was consistent with amyloidosis on microscopy; however, immunofluorescence was inconclusive for the type of amyloid protein. Monoclonal gammopathy evaluation revealed kappa light chain. Bone marrow biopsy revealed minimal involvement with amyloidosis with kappa monotypic plasma cells on flow cytometry. She was started on chemotherapy for light chain amyloidosis. She was referred to the Mayo clinic where laser microdissection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detected high levels of apolipoprotein C-II, making a definitive diagnosis. Apolipoprotein C-II is a component of very low-density lipoprotein and aggregates in lipid-free conditions to form amyloid fibrils. The identification of apolipoprotein C-II as the cause of amyloidosis cannot be solely made with routine microscopy or immunofluorescence. Further evaluation of biopsy specimens with laser microdissection and mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing of exons should be done routinely in patients with amyloidoses for definitive diagnosis. Our case highlights the importance of determining the subtype of amyloidosis that is critical for avoiding unnecessary therapy such as chemotherapy.
Usefulness of Low-Dose Splenic Irradiation prior to Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Elderly Patients with Myelofibrosis
Authors: Matsubara Etsuko , Yamanouchi Jun , Kitazawa Riko , Azuma Taichi , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Hato Takaaki , Yasukawa Masaki
Published: October 2016

The Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was recently approved in Japan and has been effective in many patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Although the inhibitor decreases splenomegaly and relieves MF-related symptoms, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains as the only curative therapy for MF. The presence of splenomegaly has been reported as a risk factor for graft failure, delayed engraftment, and poor survival. Here, we report two elderly MF patients with massive splenomegaly and a JAK2 V617F mutation. These patients underwent splenic irradiation to decrease splenomegaly prior to HCT with a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen. Massive splenomegaly gradually decreased by 4 Gy splenic irradiation. The subsequent RIC regimen involved 4 Gy total body irradiation and fludarabine and intravenous busulfan. In both patients, engraftment failure did not occur, and complete remission was achieved. The splenomegaly decreased, and MF-related symptoms were resolved. Furthermore, the JAK2 V617F mutation disappeared, and fibrosis in the bone marrow regressed. We suggest that splenic irradiation prior to the RIC regimen for HCT in elderly MF patients with massive splenomegaly is safe. Furthermore, the HCT protocols with splenic irradiation should be considered for patients who have not shown clinical benefits to optimal medical management such as treatment with ruxolitinib.
Chemically Diverse Secondary Metabolites fromDavidia involucrata(Dove Tree)
Authors: Song Li-Yan , Lin Ran , Wu Zu-Jian , Ouyang Ming-An
Published: October 2016

Dove tree,Davidia involucrataBaill. which is endemic in western China, is not only one of the best known relict species of the tertiary, but also a famous ornamental plant with dove-shaped flowers. A diverse array of secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified fromDavidia involucrata. The 58 structures of the secondary metabolites were presented and classified as triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterol. In addition, the biosynthetic route of some triterpenoids was proposed. Moreover, the advances in the discovery of unprecedented compounds and uncovering of notable bioactivities were highlighted in this review.
Determination of the Mutant Prevention Concentration and the Mutant Selection Window of Topical Antimicrobial Agents against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Nakase Keisuke , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Toda Yuta , Noguchi Norihisa
Published: October 2016

Determination of the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and the mutant selection window (MSW) of antimicrobial agents used to treat pathogenic bacteria is important in order to apply effective antimicrobial therapies. Here, we determined the MPCs of the major topical antimicrobial agents against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus which cause skin infections and compared their MSWs. Among the MPCs of nadifloxacin and clindamycin, the clindamycin MPC was determined to be the lowest against P. acnes. In contrast, the nadifloxacin MPC was the lowest against S. aureus. Calculations based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations and MPCs showed that clindamycin has the lowest MSW against both P. acnes and S. aureus. Nadifloxacin MSWs were 4-fold higher against P. acnes than against S. aureus. It is more likely for P. acnes to acquire resistance to fluoroquinolones than S. aureus. Therefore, topical application of clindamycin contributes very little to the emergence of resistant P. acnes and S. aureus strains.
Intracorneal and Intraocular Invasion of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia after Intraocular Surgery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Murillo Juan C. , Galor Anat , Wu Michael C. , Kye Natasha K. , Wong James , Ahmed Ibrahim O. , Joag Madhura , Shalabi Nabeel , Lahners William , Dubovy Sander , Karp Carol L.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to describe 2 cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) of the conjunctiva with intracorneal and intraocular extension following intraocular surgery. Methods: We conducted a clinical pathological retrospective case series. Results: Case 1 underwent cataract surgery in the setting of an unnoticed adjacent OSSN. An excisional biopsy with cryotherapy and intraoperative mitomycin C was subsequently performed, confirming OSSN. The patient had two recurrences treated topically with resolution. While the conjunctiva remained clear, a corneal haze emanating from the cataract incision site was noted. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for this haze revealed midstromal infiltrative carcinoma. Case 2 had a history of herpes simplex keratitis that ultimately required corneal grafts. Fifteen years later, he developed an OSSN treated with excisional biopsy and had clear margins. Eight months later, he presented with a recurrence of his OSSN and was treated briefly with topical interferon for 4 weeks; however, he developed an infectious keratitis with a corneal perforation requiring another PK. Four months after PK, low-grade inflammation was noted. Cytology of the anterior chamber aspirate revealed neoplastic squamous cells. Another PK was then performed. Pathology confirmed extensive intraocular neoplasia. Limited exenteration was performed. Conclusion: Patients with a history of OSSN may be at increased risk of neoplastic intraocular extension following intraocular surgery.
End-of-Life Practices in France under the Claeys-Leonetti Law: Report of Three Cases in the Oncology Unit
Authors: de Nonneville Alexandre , Marin Anthony , Chabal Theo , Tuzzolino Veronique , Fichaux Marie , Salas Sebastien
Published: October 2016

On February 2, 2016, the French government enacted the Claeys-Leonetti law introducing the right to deep and continuous sedation and forbade euthanasia for end-of-life patients. This article reports the first descriptions of this kind of intervention at the final stage of life of 3 patients and highlights the need of patient-centered goals and the importance of close collaboration between the patient, family, and medical and paramedical team to achieve a higher quality of final palliative care.
Sesquicentennial Tribute to Emil Redlich (1866-1930), The ‘Embodied Conscience of Neurology'
Authors: Savvaidou Nicolina E. , Triarhou Lazaros C.
Published: October 2016

Professor Emil Redlich (1866-1930) of the University of Vienna was born 150 years ago. Raised in a humble environment, he became an eminent researcher and neurology scholar, and succeeded in laying some of the key foundations of neuroanatomy and neuropathology. His name is linked to medical eponyms that define the dorsal root entry zone into the spinal cord, epidemic disseminated encephalomyelitis, narcolepsy, senile plaques and dementia. As its first director, he managed to organize the Maria-Theresien-Schlössel into a first-class neuropsychiatric hospital. The one attribute that his colleagues constantly recognized was his inexorable scientific demeanor, always insisting on a critical checking of the facts before formulating any hypothesis.
Effect of Age on Transcranial Doppler Velocities in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Da Silva Ivan R. , Gomes Joao A. , Wachsman Ari , Rodriguez de Freitas Gabriel , Provencio Jose Javier
Published: October 2016

Background: It is not well understood whether age impacts transcranial Doppler (TCD) mean flow velocities (MFVs) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with or without delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). The aim of our study was to analyze the behavior of TCD MFV during the first 7 days after SAH in patients of different ages and correlate them with the occurrence of DCI. Methods: This study is a databank analysis of patients with SAH admitted between 2010 and 2012 in a single center. We analyzed mean MFV of bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) in all patients enrolled in the study on days 1, 3 and 7. The correlation between age and TCD MFV was analyzed using a univariate linear regression model. Results: Fifty-five patients were studied. Starting on the third day after the bleeding, increasing age was associated with slower MFVs. This trend was not affected by the interrogation of the right or left MCA. After correction to include only patients who developed DCI, the same findings persisted on days 3 and 7. Conclusion: Older age was correlated with a significant decrease on TCD velocities in patients with SAH, even after correction for patients who developed DCI.
Several adaptor proteins promote intracellular localisation of the transporter MRP4/ABCC4 in platelets and haematopoietic cells
Authors: Schaletzki Yvonne , Kromrey Marie-Luise , Bröderdorf Susanne , Hammer Elke , Grube Markus , Hagen Paul , Sucic Sonja , Freissmuth Michael , Völker Uwe , Greinacher Andreas , Rauch Bernhard H. , Kroemer Heyo K. , Jedlitschky Gabriele
Published: October 2016

The multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) has been identified as an important transporter for signalling molecules including cyclic nucleotides and several lipid mediators in platelets and may thus represent a novel target to interfere with platelet function. Besides its localisation in the plasma membrane, MRP4 has been also detected in the membrane of dense granules in resting platelets. In polarised cells it is localised at the basolateral or apical plasma membrane. To date, the mechanism of MRP4 trafficking has not been elucidated; protein interactions may regulate both the localisation and function of this transporter. We approached this issue by searching for interacting proteins by in vitro binding assays, followed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, and by visualising their co-localisation in platelets and haematopoietic cells. We identified the PDZ domain containing scaffold proteins ezrin-binding protein 50 (EBP50/NHERF1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and sorting nexin 27 (SNX27), but also the adaptor protein complex 3 subunit β3A (AP3B1) and the heat shock protein HSP90 as putative interaction partners of MRP4. The knockdown of SNX27, PSD95, and AP3B1 by siRNA in megakaryoblastic leuk aemia cells led to a redistribution of MRP4 from intracellular structures to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of HSP90 led to a diminished expression and retention of MRP4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate that MRP4 localisation and function are regulated by multiple protein interactions. Changes in the adaptor proteins can hence lead to altered localisation and function of the transporter.

Supplementary Material to this article is available at www.thrombosis-online.com.
A randomised study for optimising crossover from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Pourdjabbar Ali , Hibbert Benjamin , Chong Aun-Yeong , Le May Michel R. , Labinaz Marino , Simard Trevor , Ramirez F. Daniel , Lugomirski Peter , Maze Ronnen , Froeschl Michael , Glover Christopher , Dick Alexander , Marquis Jean-Francois , Bernick Jordan , Wells George , So Derek Y. F. ,   the CAPITAL Investigators
Published: October 2016

Ticagrelor has been endorsed by guidelines as the P2Y12 inhibitor of choice in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clinically, some patients on ticagrelor will require a switch to clopidogrel; however, the optimal strategy and pharmacodynamics effects of switching remain unknown. Patients with an indication to switch were randomly assigned to either a bolus arm (Clopidogrel 600 mg bolus followed by 75 mg daily, n=30) or a no-bolus arm (Clopidogrel 75 mg daily, n=30). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 12, 24, 48, 54, 60 and 72 hours (h) for assessment of platelet reactivity. The primary outcome was P2Y12 reactivity units (PRU) at 72 h. Secondary outcomes included: PRUs at each time point, incidence of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and TIMI bleeding at 30 days. Serial PRUs increased after switching to clopidogrel in both groups. At 72 h, no difference in PRU was observed (165.8 ± 71.0 vs 184.1 ± 67.7, bolus vs no bolus, respectively, p=0.19). At 48 h the PRUs were significantly lower in the bolus arm (114 ± 73.1 vs 165.1 ± 70.5, respectively; p=0.0076) and at 72 h, there was a significant reduction in incidence of HPR (26.7 % vs 56.7 %, p=0.02). No differences in MACE or TIMI bleeding were observed. Although a bolus strategy was not associated with improved platelet inhibition at 72 h; at 48 h, platelet inhibition was superior with reduced incidence of HPR. Larger studies will be required to determine its clinical significance. Until then, decision for giving a bolus of clopidogrel at the time of a switch may in part be dependent on the indication for switching, especially if there are concerns for bleeding risk.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Monitoring of coagulation factor therapy in patients with von Willebrand disease type 3 using a microchip flow chamber system
Authors: Holmström Margareta , Schmidt David E. , Hosokawa Kazuya , Blombäck Margareta , Hjemdahl Paul , Ågren Anna
Published: October 2016

Patients with type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD-3) have no measurable levels of VW factor (VWF) and usually require treatment with VWF-FVIII concentrate to prevent and/or stop bleeding. Even though the patients are treated prophylactically, they may experience bleeding symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of VWF-FVIII concentrate treatment in VWD-3 patients with the Total Thrombus Analysis System (T-TAS®), which measures thrombus formation under flow conditions. Coagulation profiles of 10 VWD-3 patients were analysed using T-TAS before and 30 minutes after VWF-FVIII concentrate (Haemate®) injection. Results were compared to VWF- and FVIII activity in plasma, and results with thromboelastometry and ris-tocetin-activated platelet impedance aggregometry (Multiplate®) in whole blood. For comparison, 10 healthy controls were also analysed with T-TAS. A median dose of 27 (range 15–35) IU/kg of VWF-FVIII concentrate increased VWF- and FVIII activity as expected. T-TAS thrombus formation was enhanced when a tissue factor/collagen-coated flow chamber was used at low shear, but treatment effects at high shear using a collagen-coated flow chamber were minimal. Whole blood coagulation assessed by thromboelastometry was normal and did not change (p > 0.05) but ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation improved (p < 0.001). In conclusion, T-TAS detects effects of VWF-FVIII concentrate treatment on coagulation-dependent thrombus formation at low shear, but minor effects are observed on platelet-dependent thrombus formation at high shear. The poor prediction of bleeding by conventional laboratory monitoring in VWD-3 patients might be related to insufficient restoration of platelet-dependent thrombus formation.
Association Between Duration of Resuscitation and Favorable Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Reynolds Joshua C. , Grunau Brian E. , Rittenberger Jon C. , Sawyer Kelly N. , Kurz Michael C. , Callaway Clifton W.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Little evidence guides the appropriate duration of resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and case features justifying longer or shorter durations are ill defined. We estimated the impact of resuscitation duration on the probability of favorable functional outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using a large, multicenter cohort.

Methods:

This was a secondary analysis of a North American, single-blind, multicenter, cluster-randomized, clinical trial (ROC-PRIMED [Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Prehospital Resuscitation Using an Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed]) of consecutive adults with nontraumatic, emergency medical services–treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Primary exposure was duration of resuscitation in minutes (onset of professional resuscitation to return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC] or termination of resuscitation). Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge with favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score of 0–3). Subjects were additionally classified as survival with unfavorable outcome (mRS score of 4–5), ROSC without survival (mRS score of 6), or without ROSC. Subject accrual was plotted as a function of resuscitation duration, and the dynamic probability of favorable outcome at discharge was estimated for the whole cohort and subgroups. Adjusted logistic regression models tested the association between resuscitation duration and survival with favorable outcome.

Results:

The primary cohort included 11 368 subjects (median age, 69 years [interquartile range, 56–81 years]; 7121 men [62.6%]). Of these, 4023 (35.4%) achieved ROSC, 1232 (10.8%) survived to hospital discharge, and 905 (8.0%) had an mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge. Distribution of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration differed by outcome (
P
<0.00001). For cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration up to 37.0 minutes (95% confidence interval, 34.9–40.9 minutes), 99% with an eventual mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge achieved ROSC. The dynamic probability of an mRS score of 0 to 3 at discharge declined over elapsed resuscitation duration, but subjects with initial shockable cardiac rhythm, witnessed cardiac arrest, and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were more likely to survive with favorable outcome after prolonged efforts (30–40 minutes). After adjustment for prehospital (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–0.95) and inpatient (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99) covariates, resuscitation duration was associated with survival to discharge with an mRS score of 0 to 3.

Conclusions:

Shorter resuscitation duration was associated with likelihood of favorable outcome at hospital discharge. Subjects with favorable case features were more likely to survive prolonged resuscitation up to 47 minutes.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00394706.
From February Revolution to Civil War: Finnish Historians and the Year 1917
Authors: Immonen Hannu
Published: October 2016

The major focus of Finnish historiography on the 1917 Revolution remains Finland’s secession from Russia in December 1917. However, now it is known that the secessionist ideas did not emerge immediately after the February Revolution but only after the Bolshevik takeover in October. Until then the goal of the Finnish political elites was to reformulate Finland’s autonomous position within the new post-tsarist Russia. Finnish business elites strove for access to Russian markets. The end of the Finnish coalition cabinet in July is seen as one of the turning points during 1917: the widening of the political gulf between non-socialist forces and the Social Democrats. During the fall of 1917, one of the major questions was why the Finnish Social Democrats ended the General Strike soon after they had declared it, and thus in effect terminated the revolution in Finland. The final question addressed by this article relates to Lenin’s motives in recognizing Finland’s independence.
The Provisional Government and Local Administration in Smolensk in 1917
Authors: Hickey Michael C.
Published: October 2016

Archival evidence suggests that in Smolensk the February Revolution and the subsequent democratization of local government did not significantly alter the staffing or routines of state administrative agencies, and that therefore the state’s ability to govern the localities did not suffer from loss of administrative expertise and associated disruption of administrative practices. The evidence also indicates an expansion of administrative duties in 1917: local government agencies not only inherited existing tasks from the tsarist regime, primary among which were matters related to the war, but also took on new concerns reflecting socialist conceptions of the revolution’s aims. Increased administrative work loads added to the factors taxing the state’s capacity and straining its ability to act locally in 1917.
Passiflora gironensis a new species of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae) from Santander, Colombia
Authors: AGUIRRE-MORALES ADRIANA CAROLINA , MORALES MIGUEL MACGAYVER BONILLA , ROJAS ALICIA
Published: October 2016

Passiflora gironensis was found in the Interandean valley between Eastern and Central Cordillera, Department of Santander, Colombia, in a dry habitat. This is described, illustrated and placed in subgenus and supersection Astrophea section Capreolata. The new species is morphologically related to P. callistemma and P. ovata. P. gironensis, is an atypical species within sect. Capreolata because tendrils are absent and, as in P. callistemmma, flowers are paired or fasciculate. The new species differs from both those species by having more glands (6–8), longer pedicels (1.8–2.1 cm), longer sepals and petals (3.6–4.1 cm), fewer filaments of corona (3) and longer outer filaments (2.0–3.2 cm). In addition to the description of the new species, we include its distribution, ecology and conservation status.
Assessment of the Energy Balance Closure under Advective Conditions and Its Impact Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Ma Yanfei , Liu Shaomin , Shi Wenjiao , Wang Jiemin
Published: October 2016

A unique and intensive flux observation matrix was established during May to September of 2012 in an oasis–desert area located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China. The flux observation matrix included 22 eddy covariance systems belonging to the first thematic experiment of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project. The energy balance closure ratio (EBR) was assessed and possible mechanisms were investigated using remote sensing data. The results showed that 1) the EBR was in the range of 0.78–1.04 at all sites with an average EBR of 0.92, and 2) the calculated daily EBR exhibited better performance than the 30-min averages. 3) The heat storage cannot be ignored during the crop growing season. An improvement of approximately 6% in the total closure was found after considering the heat storage terms (canopy and photosynthesis storage) in the energy budget at the maize surface, and the canopy and photosynthesis showed approximately equal contributions of 3% for each storage term. The results also showed that 4) the land heterogeneous surface had a significant effect on the EBR. The EBR decreased with land surface heterogeneity increasing (taking the standard deviation of the surface temperature in the eddy covariance system source area as an index). The EBR also decreased when irrigation occurred and increased after irrigation was completed. The advection or secondary circulation broke the closed system of the energy balance given the phenomenon of EBR increasing when the advection or secondary circulation occurred.
ENSO in the CMIP5 Simulations: Life Cycles, Diversity, and Responses to Climate Change
Authors: Chen Chen , Cane Mark A. , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Chen Dake
Published: October 2016

Focusing on ENSO seasonal phase locking, diversity in peak location, and propagation direction, as well as the El Niño–La Niña asymmetry in amplitude, duration, and transition, a set of empirical probabilistic diagnostics (EPD) is introduced to investigate how the ENSO behaviors reflected in SST may change in a warming climate.

EPD is first applied to estimate the natural variation of ENSO behaviors. In the observations El Niños and La Niñas mainly propagate westward and peak in boreal winter. El Niños occur more at the eastern Pacific whereas La Niñas prefer the central Pacific. In a preindustrial control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 model, the El Niño–La Niña asymmetry is substantial. La Niña characteristics generally agree with observations but El Niño’s do not, typically propagating eastward and showing no obvious seasonal phase locking. So an alternative approach is using a stochastically forced simulation of a nonlinear data-driven model, which exhibits reasonably realistic ENSO behaviors and natural variation ranges.

EPD is then applied to assess the potential changes of ENSO behaviors in the twenty-first century using CMIP5 models. Other than the increasing SST climatology, projected changes in many aspects of ENSO reflected in SST anomalies are heavily model dependent and generally within the range of natural variation. Shifts favoring eastward-propagating El Niño and La Niña are the most robust. Given various model biases for the twentieth century and lack of sufficient model agreements for the twenty-first-century projection, whether the projected changes for ENSO behaviors would actually take place remains largely uncertain.
Analysis of Behavioral Indicators as a Measure of Satiation
Authors: Scalzo Rachel , Davis Tonya N.
Published: October 2016

Providing noncontingent access to a stimulus until an individual displays behavioral indicators of satiation has been used to determine when an abolishing operation is in effect, but there has been variation in its application in the literature. Four males diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with tangibly maintained challenging behavior participated in this study. Individualized behavioral indicators were identified and verified to determine when each participant was finished playing with his/her preferred item. Three presession conditions were manipulated including restricted access to the tangible stimulus for 30 min, access to the tangible stimulus until the display of one behavioral indicator, and access to the tangible stimulus until the display of three behavioral indicators. Each presession condition was followed by a tangible condition of the functional analysis to measure challenging behavior. Results indicated that presession access to a tangible stimulus until the display of three behavioral indicators produced a greater abative effect on challenging behavior than one behavioral indicator.
An adaptive plan-based approach to integrating semantic streams with remote RDF data
Authors: Chun Sejin , Jung Jooik , Seo Seungmin , Ro Wonwoo , Lee Kyong-Ho
Published: October 2016

To satisfy a user’s complex requirements, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Stream Processing (RSP) systems envision the fusion of remote RDF data with semantic streams, using common data models to query semantic streams continuously. While streaming data are changing at a high rate and are pushed into RSP systems, the remote RDF data are retrieved from different remote sources. With the growth of SPARQL endpoints that provide access to remote RDF data, RSP systems can easily integrate the remote data with streams. Such integration provides new opportunities for mixing static (or quasi-static) data with streams on a large scale. However, the current RSP systems do not offer any optimisation for the integration. In this article, we present an adaptive plan-based approach to efficiently integrate sematic streams with the static data from a remote source. We create a query execution plan based on temporal constraints among constituent services for the timely acquisition of remote data. To predict the change of remote sources in real time, we propose an adaptive process of detecting a source update, forecasting the update in the future, deciding a new plan to obtain remote data and reacting to a new plan. We extend a SPARQL query with operators for describing the multiple strategies of the proposed adaptive process. Experimental results show that our approach is more efficient than the conventional RSP systems in distributed settings.
Detecting the association of health problems in consumer-level medical text
Authors: Chen Chong , Huang Edgar , Yan Hongfei
Published: October 2016

Consumers usually do not know the complicated links between related health problems. This fact may cause troubles when they wish to seek complete information regarding such problems. This study detects the associations among health problems by extending the meaning of health terms with methods based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) probability topic model, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus structure and the Wikipedia concept mapping. The terms represented health problems are selected from and extended by the consumer-level medical text. The vocabulary is different between the consumer-level and the professional-level medical text. Thus, the findings can be easily understood by the general public and be suitable to consumer-oriented applications. The methods were evaluated in two ways: (1) correlation analysis with expert rating to show the overall performance and (2) P@ N to reflect the ability of detecting strong associations. The LDA topic-model-based method outperforms the other two types. The judgment incongruence between the best method and the expert ratings has been examined, and the evidence shows that the automatic method sometimes detects real associations beyond those identified by human experts.
Understanding test-takers’ perceptions of difficulty in EAP vocabulary tests: The role of experiential factors
Authors: Oruç Ertürk Nesrin , Mumford Simon E.
Published: October 2016

This study, conducted by two researchers who were also multiple-choice question (MCQ) test item writers at a private English-medium university in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context, was designed to shed light on the factors that influence test-takers’ perceptions of difficulty in English for academic purposes (EAP) vocabulary, with the aim of improving test writers’ judgments on difficulty. The research consisted of a survey of 588 test-takers, followed by a focus group interview, aimed at investigating the relative influences of test-taker factors and word factors on difficulty perceptions. Results reveal a complex interaction of factors influencing perceived difficulty dominated by the educational, and particularly, the social context. Factors traditionally associated with vocabulary difficulty, such as abstractness and word length, appeared to have little influence. The researchers concluded that rather than basing their intuitions regarding vocabulary difficulty on language-lesson input or surface features of words, EAP vocabulary test writers need a clear understanding of test-takers’ difficulty perceptions, and how these emerge from interactions between academic, social and linguistic factors. As a basis for EAP vocabulary item writer training, four main implications are drawn, related to test-takers’ social and educational background, field of study, the features of academic words, and the test itself.
Political and ethical aspects in the ethnography of policy translation: Research experiences from Turkey and China
Authors: Mukhtarov Farhad , de Jong Martin , Pierce Robin
Published: October 2016

A currently burgeoning literature in planning and policy studies engages with the travel of policy models across countries and sites through novel concepts such as policy translation, policy mobility, and mutations. Increasingly, this literature calls for ethnographic methods to study the travel of policy models. Such methods require various degrees of researcher’s participation in the policy process. As a result, ethnographers become entangled in complex webs of relationships during and after their fieldwork, which introduces political and ethical dimensions to ethnographic fieldwork. The literature on policy mobilities and translation, however, has provided few practical guidelines regarding the politics and ethics of conducting ethnographic research. Based on two vignettes from our research experiences in China and Turkey, we discuss the politics and ethics of applying ethnography to policy translation and offer a number of hints for future researchers.
Variance in Family Members’ Assessments
Authors: Holt Daniel T. , Madison Kristen , Kellermanns Franz W.
Published: October 2016

The extent to which assessments are shared across family members and generations has been questioned, suggesting that the variability in the family members’ perceptions may convey important family-level information. With this in mind, we theoretically and methodologically introduce dispersion modeling which is designed to use this variance as an important explanatory variable, presenting a framework that can guide scholars in its application. Using field data to apply the framework, we illustrate how this modeling approach helps us understand the dynamic interactions within family firms, and then we offer future research ideas that are best suited to dispersion composition modeling.
Damage detection using transmissibility compressed by principal component analysis enhanced with distance measure
Authors: Zhou Yun-Lai , Maia Nuno MM , Abdel Wahab Magd
Published: October 2016

Detecting structural damage in operational conditions still encounters some difficulties, especially in early-stage, as environmental varieties impose challenges in real engineering applications and may require large computational efforts in the structural health monitoring and potential maintenance. Unlike conventional strategies employing frequency response function or response data, a damage detection methodology is addressed in this study by employing transmissibility functions that retains a strong interrelation with structural damage or deterioration, in order to avoid the measurement of excitation, together with principal component analysis that leads to reduction in computational costs. In this procedure, transmissibility is extracted from the structural responses and main features are selected by principal component analysis for less computational costs. Then, via distance measures damage indicators are constructed for both intact and damaged states, and finally a numerical simulation with a clamped-clamped beam and a four-story benchmark are adopted to verify the applicability of the proposed procedure. The results demonstrate a good performance in structural damage detection.
The Politics of Post-Qualitative Inquiry: History and Power
Authors: Gerrard Jessica , Rudolph Sophie , Sriprakash Arathi
Published: October 2016

In this article, we offer a critical reading of the increasingly popular “post-qualitative” approach to research. We draw on insights from postcolonial theory to offer some provocations about the methodological and conceptual claims made by post-qualitative inquiry. The article considers how post-qualitative inquiry opens up possibilities for post-humanist social research. But, our critical reading of these “new” approaches argues that such research needs to attend to political and historical relations of social power, both in the worlds it constitutes and in the processes of its knowledge production. Without explicit attention to power and history, the (non)representational logics of post-qualitative inquiry risk operating less as “new” mechanisms for generative and subversive post-humanist research and more as processes of closure and erasure: closed-off from the worlds and people being researched.
Post-Qualitative Filmic Research in Education: Utilizing a “Re/Active Documentary” Methodology
Authors: Wolfe Melissa Joy
Published: October 2016

This article discusses a filmic research methodology that notices the tangible aesthetic affective entanglements of entities. It explicitly notices traces of self as discernible in others as mattering and is understood as an affirmative movement that may enable an uptake of equal opportunity in education. This filmic work with former Australian schoolgirls expands on Bill Nichols’ framing of performative documentary by drawing on Karen Barad’s new materialist theory of intra-action, during the making and multiple re-presentations of the research. This phenomenon demonstrates the political power of the named “re/active documentary” as a perpetual and co-created intra-action with participants, image, “things,” and virtual audience. Difference in this research is not exterior but a movement of connections where the entanglement of participants, researcher, film artifact, and audience are fluid emergent parts co-constituted within the world.
Queering lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender identities in human resource development and management education contexts
Authors: Rumens Nick
Published: October 2016

Taking human resource development as its primary context, this article asks, ‘How can scholars mobilise queer theory concepts to move beyond treating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender identities as binaried, bounded and stable categories?’ While human resource development scholarship has made important, albeit limited, progress here, this article provides a review of queer theory to help scholars engage more deeply with some of its key concepts and theoretical resources to that end. In particular, one of this article’s main contributions is advancing the nascent in-roads Judith Butler’s writing has made into human resource development, management education and learning by linking her theory of gender performativity with the notion of cultural intelligibility. The aim of the article is to show how lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender identity categories can be destabilised so that they can be examined queerly: performatively constituted and permanently open to contestation and resignification. Crucially, the wider applications and implications of queer theory are drawn out, such as how queer pedagogy can inform management education. This article also highlights possibilities for management learning scholars to queer other identities (e.g. heterosexual), organisations and modes of organising.
Microsurgery Case Volume During Orthopedic Surgery Residency: A 7-Year Assessment
Authors: Hinds Richard M. , Klifto Christopher S. , Guss Michael S. , Capo John T.
Published: October 2016

Background: Microsurgery is a specialized surgical technique with wide clinical application. The purpose of this study was to analyze case logs of graduating orthopedic surgery residents to assess trends in case volume for microsurgery procedures. Methods: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case log reports were analyzed for microsurgery experience from 2007 to 2013. The mean number of adult, pediatric, and total microsurgery cases was noted. In addition, the median number of microsurgery procedures performed by the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of residents (by case volume) was recorded. Temporal changes in case volume were calculated utilizing linear regression analyses. Results: The proportion of microsurgery procedures increased significantly (1.3% to 2%; P = .024). The mean number of adult (24.5 to 41.9; P = .01), pediatric (1.9 to 3.4; P = .011), and total (26.3 to 45.3; P = .01) microsurgery procedures also increased significantly. Similarly, residents in both the 90th (63 to 109; P = .01) and 50th (10 to 21; P = .036) percentiles sustained significant increases in the median number of microsurgery procedures. No change was noted for residents in 10th percentile (0 to 0; P > .999). Graduating residents in the 90th percentile performed over 6 times more microsurgery procedures than residents in the 50th percentile. Conclusions: Microsurgical caseload is increasing among graduating orthopedic residents. However, there is substantial variability in resident microsurgery case volume. Future investigations are needed to explore the educational implications of these findings and should seek to correlate microsurgical caseload with competency.