bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abadi Reza Nejad Shahrokh , Jazinaki Mostafa Shahraki , Bahari Hossein , Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Amini Mohammad Reza , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Khodashahi Rozita , Malekahmadi Mahsa
Published: October 2024

Background:

Several previous studies indicated that melatonin supplementation may positively
affect glycemic control in patients with diabetes. However, research on the influence of melatonin supplementation
on glycemic parameters remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of melatonin
supplementation on glycemic parameters in type 2 diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis.

Methods:

PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until July 2024 to
find eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The overall effect sizes were estimated by using the randomeffect
model and presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Furthermore,
the heterogeneity among the included trials was assessed by performing the Cochran Q test and interpreted
based on the I² statistic.

Results:

Of the 1361 papers, eight eligible RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Our findings indicated
that melatonin supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (WMD = -12.65 mg/dl; 95% CI:
-20.38, -4.92; P = 0.001), insulin (WMD = -2.30 μU/ml; 95% CI: -3.20, -1.40; P < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c
(WMD = -0.79 %; 95% CI: -1.28, -0.29; P = 0.002), and HOMA-IR (WMD, -0.83; 95% CI: -1.59 to - 0.07;
P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

According to the results of the current meta-analysis, persons with type 2 diabetes who supplement
with melatonin had improved glycemic control. It looks that supplementing with melatonin at a dose exceeding
6 mg daily for over a period of 12 weeks may be more successful than other forms of intervention.
Nevertheless, further research with larger sample sizes is necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
Comparative Study on Enhanced Skin Permeation Efficiency of Phenylephrine via Novel Lipid Vesicles: A Promising Approach in Preventing Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia Management
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Kumar Manish , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background:

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) significantly impacts patients'
emotional and psychological well-being and treatment regimen. Phenylephrine, a topical vasoconstrictor,
can potentially reduce hair loss by limiting chemotherapy drug delivery to hair follicles.
However, effective delivery of Phenylephrine through the skin remains challenging. This
study investigates lipid vesicles as delivery vehicles to enhance Phenylephrine's skin permeation
and sustained release due to their biocompatibility and encapsulation capabilities.

Objective:

This study aimed to formulate and compare different lipid vesicles of Phenylephrine
HCl for enhanced permeation through the skin for deep dermal delivery with sustained release of
the drug so as to achieve local vasoconstriction.

Methods:

Phenylephrine-loaded ethosomes, invasomes, and transfersomes were prepared and
characterized for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency
(EE %). These lipid vesicles were incorporated into hydrogels to facilitate sustained drug release
to deep dermal layers where they could target local vasculature and cause vasoconstriction. The
prepared vesicular gels were evaluated for various permeation parameters.

Results:

The entrapment efficiencies of the developed vesicles ranged from 49.51 ± 3.25% to
69.09 ± 2.32%, with vesicle sizes ranging from 162.5 ± 5.21 nm to 321.32 ± 3.75 nm. Statistical
analysis revealed significantly higher flux values (Jss, μg/cm2 h) of 0.6251, 0.6314, and 0.4075
for invasomal gel, ethosomal gel, and transfersomal gel, respectively, compared to plain gel
(0.1254) (p < 0.005). The enhancement factors were 4.9848, 5.0350, and 3.2496 for invasomal
gel, ethosomal gel, and transfersomal gel, respectively, indicating superior permeation abilities
of ethosomal and invasomal formulations.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that ethosomal and invasomal formulations were efficient
in delivering the drug to deep dermal layers of skin in a sustained manner. These findings suggest
that these Lipidic vesicles would be able to target the local vasoconstrictor to vasculature,
causing reduced hair loss by limiting chemotherapy drug delivery to hair follicles and managing
chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: An Overview of Developing the Blood
Brain Barrier
Authors: Dash Rasmita , Samanta Subhankar , Jena Bikash Ranjan , Pradhan Soumyaranjan
Published: October 2024

The close connection between the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that
are enclosed within this barrier is the result of an intracellular junction, which is responsible for
the constricted connection. The regulation and control of drug delivery systems both require nanoparticles,
which are extremely small particles made up of a variety of materials, including polymers,
metals, and other chemicals. Nanoparticles are a crucial component of the regulation and
control of drug delivery systems. There is a possibility that nanomaterials composed of inorganic
chemicals, such as gold nanoparticles, could be utilized in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses
like Parkinson's disease. In addition to this, they are used as nano-carriers for the aim of distributing
drugs to the region of the brain that is being targeted. There are a number of advantages
that are easily apparent when compared to other methods of administering drugs for neurological
diseases. The current review demonstrates both the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing a
wide variety of nanomaterials for brain delivery, as well as the potential impact that this will have
in the future on the safety and effectiveness of patient care.
Comprehensive PRISMA Based Systematic Review: Exploring the Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Profile and Clinical aspects of Panax ginseng
Authors: Singh Sonia , Agrawal Ronak , Sharma Himanshu
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Ginseng, a perennial herb belonging to the Araliaceae family, is renowned
for its traditional and folk uses. The Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer species is predominantly
found in Asian countries, including Japan, China, and Korea.

Materials and Methods:

This manuscript offers valuable insights into the cultivation, collection,
morphology, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and clinical studies of Ginseng. The
data was meticulously gathered from diverse electronic resources, such as PubMed, Scopus, Science
Direct, and Web of Science, spanning from 1963 to 2023.

Results:

Ginseng contains various bioactive components, including carbohydrates, polyacetylenic
alcohols, polysaccharides, ginsenosides, peptides, vitamins, and fatty acids. The biological attributes
of ginsenosides, which include anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory
activities, render them especially remarkable.

Conclusion:

This manuscript comprehensively explores the versatile therapeutic applications of
ginseng in the treatment of various types of cancers.
Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Phenotypes and Polymorphisms with Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV2 Patients with Hypertension in an Urban Emergency Department
Authors: Prendergast Heather M. , Kotini-Shah Pavitra , Pobee Ruth , Richardson Maxwell , Ardati Amer , Darbar Dawood , Khosla Shaveta
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE and ACE2) phenotypes
and polymorphisms in modulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS--
CoV2) infection in hypertensive patients remains unclear. Our objective was to determine the distribution
of ACE and ACE2 receptor phenotypes by patient demographics and correlate ACE and
ACE2 levels of activity with SARS-CoV-2 outcomes.

Methods:

Hypertensive patients treated for SARS-CoV-2 at an urban emergency department (ED)
were prospectively enrolled in a cohort study between August 2020 and April 2021. Blood samples
were collected during ED visits or hospitalization. Outcome measures including hospitalization,
intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30-day mortality were obtained from electronic
health records. Multivariable logistic regression was used.

Results:

Of the 150 patients enrolled, 60% were Black, 32% Hispanic/Latinx, 4% Non-Hispanic
Whites, and 4% others. The mean age was 59 (+/-14) years. The rate of hospitalization was high
(86%) and Hispanic/Latinx had a higher likelihood of ICU admission. Patients harboring the
rs2285666 genotype TT, AA, and GC alleles were more likely to be admitted to ICU, and those
with TT and AA had higher mortality. The ACE level was a significant predictor of hospitalization
with a protective effect in both unadjusted and adjusted results. Hispanics/Latinx had a four
times higher likelihood of ICU admission compared to all others, and age was significantly associated
with 30-day mortality.

Conclusion:

Our results show that even after adjusting for age, race, and sex, ACE levels remained
a predictor of hospitalization. ACE/ACE2 phenotypes and genotypes potentially play an
important role in disease progression in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Emerging Role of Natural Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Anticancer agents
Authors: Sahu Sanjeev Kumar , Vyas Manish , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar
Published: October 2024

Topoisomerases I and II are the functionally two forms of DNA topoisomerase. In anticancer
research, novel anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of blocking topoisomerase enzymes
have been discovered. Most commonly, topoisomerase causes replication fork arrest and doublestrand
breaks, and this is how a clinically successful topoisomerase-targeting anticancer medicines
work. Unfortunately, this novel mechanism of action has been linked to the development of secondary
malignancies as well as cardiotoxicity. The specific binding locations and mechanisms of
topoisomerase poisons have been identified by studying the structures of topoisomerase-drug-DNA
ternary complexes. Recent breakthroughs in science have revealed that isoform-specific human
topoisomerase II poison could be created as safer anticancer drug molecules. It may also be able to
develop catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerases by focusing on their inactive conformations. In addition
to this, the discovery of new bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor molecules and regulatory proteins
could lead to the discovery of new human topoisomerase inhibitors. As a result, biologists,
organic chemists, and medicinal chemists worldwide have been identifying, designing, synthesizing,
and testing a variety of novel topoisomerase-targeting bioactive compounds. This review focused
on topoisomerase inhibitors, their mechanisms of action, and different types of topoisomerase
inhibitors that have been developed during the last ten years.
Doramectin Induces Apoptosis in B16 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Crotts Megan S. , Jacobs Jena C. , Baer Robert W. , Cox James L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Metastatic melanoma resists current pharmacological regimens that act
through apoptosis. This indicates that therapies acting via non-apoptotic cell-death pathways could be pursued.
Doramectin has shown promising results in another cancer of neural crest origin, neuroblastoma, through the
inhibition of growth via autophagy. Our research hypothesis is that doramectin induces autophagy in B16F10
melanoma cells.

Methods:

Cells were treated with doramectin (15 uM) or a combination of both doramectin and a cell-death inhibitor,
compared to untreated control cells (media), and then analyzed with MTT analysis. Likewise, MDC analysis
was completed to detect autophagy involvement with doramectin treatment. Flow cytometry and TUNEL
Assay were conducted to observe cell death-related effects.

Results:

MTT analysis of doramectin-treated cells displayed a decrease in cell growth compared to control.
Apoptotic morphology was prominent in melanoma cells treated with doramectin. Increased autophagy was not
detected by fluorometric microscopic analysis. Flow cytometry analysis of doramectin-treated cells showed apoptosis
as a major mode of cell death with some necrosis.

Conclusion:

Doramectin induces a novel cell-death mechanism in melanoma compared to other forms of cancer
and should be studied as an effective anti-cancer agent for melanoma treatment.
Inter-atrial Septum Stenting in Congenital Heart Disease Patient: A Case Series in Indonesia
Authors: Prakoso Radityo , Kurniawati Yovi , Siagian Sisca Natalia , Sembiring Aditya Agita , Sakti Damba Dwisepto Aulia , Mendel Brian , Lelya Olfi , Lilyasari Oktavia
Published: October 2024

Background:

Inter-atrial septum (IAS) stenting in duct-dependent congenital heart
disease patient has shown to be an effective way to maintain inter-atrial blood flow, however it is
still considered a high risk procedure and inter-atrial septum stenting remains a low-frequency
procedure.

Method:

A single-center observational cohort study was carried out at the National Cardiovascular
Center Harapan Kita (NCCHK) between April 2019 and April 2023. This study included
duct-dependent congenital heart disease patients. The extracted data were baseline
characteristics, clinical findings, complications, and outcomes of the patients.

Result:

Eleven patients with duct-dependent physiology were intervened with inter-atrial septum
stenting. The patients were 4 females and 7 males with the median age of implantation being 150
days (range 11-703 days) and the median weight being 3.9 (range 2.8-9) kg, with 2 patients
weighing less than 3 kg. The average stent diameter was 8.50 (2.03) mm with an average length
of 24.45 (7.94) mm. Non-restrictive atrial flow was successfully achieved in 90.90% of the procedures,
corresponding to 10 patients.

Conclusion:

Inter-atrial septum stenting in duct-dependent congenital heart disease patients produces
reliable patency with a very good intra-procedural success rate.
Clove Aqueous Extract Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Folic Acid in Rats
Authors: Abd El Aziz Yomna Esam , Soliman Amel Mahmoud , Fahmy Sohair Ramadan , Mohamed Ayman Saber
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease that has a high
incidence and mortality rate. Clove, a robust natural source of bioactive chemicals and rich in secondary
metabolites, plays a wide range of biological roles.

Aim:

The present study aimed to assess the ameliorative efficacy of clove extract against acute renal
damage induced by folic acid in rats.

Methods:

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to investigate the main
components of clove extract. Folic acid, at a dose of 250 mg/kg, was delivered intraperitoneally to
rats to induce AKI. Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: control, AKI, and AKI + clove extract
(500 mg/kg).

Results:

The administration of clove extract significantly restored the levels of creatine, urea, uric
acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine clearance, and microalbumin to nearly normal levels.
Also, clove water extract inhibited oxidative stress by decreasing concentrations of Malondialdehyde
(MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO). Furthermore, clove extract elevated the levels of Glutathionereduced
(GSH), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione S-transferase (GST). Kidney section histology
showed notable improvements after the administration of clove extract.

Conclusion:

The clove water extract has been found to contain many bioactive components possessing
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively protecting against acute renal injury.
Endoscopic Tunnel Dissection of an Oesophageal Bronchogenic Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Yiu Sharon Wing-Kee , Yozu Masato , Luo Derek , Sekra Anurag
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

A bronchogenic cyst is a very rare congenital malformation typically found in the middle and superior mediastinum. Infrequently, it can be located in the pericar-dium, diaphragm, oesophagus, and stomach. Intramural oesophageal bronchogenic cysts are highly uncommon, and because of this, they have not been extensively studied. They are gen-erally asymptomatic; however, due to their potential to cause complications, such as evolution into malignancy, the removal of these cysts is recommended. Routinely, techniques, including thoracotomy and thoracoscopy, have been adopted for excision. This case report details our success in performing a complete resection of an intramural oesophageal bronchogenic cyst via a novel approach of Submucosal Tunneling Endoscopic Resection (STER).

Case Presentation:

A 62-year-old woman was referred for an outpatient gastroscopy and co-lonoscopy for further investigation of her unexplained iron deficiency anaemia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss. A single oesophageal nodule was found on gastroscopy, which was further characterized and deemed to be benign on upper endoscopic ultrasound. The lesion was removed via the STER technique. During the procedure, submucosal fibres were dissected and a full-thickness myotomy was performed to completely remove the lesion. Histologically, the lesion showed a cyst lining comprising ciliated columnar epithelium, a finding consistent with a bronchogenic cyst. The patient maintained a normal diet and re-mained asymptomatic throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

This report documents the successful resection of an oesophageal bronchogenic cyst via the STER technique. This novel approach appears to be a valuable tool with negligible invasiveness. It provides a feasible option for patients.
Community-based Islamic education: Democratizing learning through local wisdom
Authors: MR Moh Irsyad Fahmi , Anam Ahmad Muzakkil , Agustinova Danang Ade , Prasastiawati Diana , Awalin Fakhur Rohman Nur , Yaacob Norazlan Hadi
Published: October 2024

This study examines the role of community-based education in the context of Islam as a means of democratizing education and integrating local wisdom, motivated by the need for a more inclusive and responsive education system. Using a literature study method, this research analyzes primary and secondary sources related to Islamic education, democratization, and local wisdom. The results reveal that community-based education has strong historical and normative roots in Islamic tradition, reflected in various forms of traditional educational institutions such as mosques, kuttabs, and pesantrens. This educational model is proven to encourage active community participation, decentralization of decision-making, and integration of local values into the curriculum. However, its implementation faces challenges in balancing national standards with local autonomy, as well as potential conflicts between universal Islamic values and local cultural practices. This study highlights the complexity of integrating local wisdom into modern Islamic education in the era of globalization, paving the way for further research on optimal mechanisms for adapting this educational model to increasingly diverse Muslim societies.
An Analysis of the Prevalence and Trends in Drug-Related Lyrics on Twitter (X): Quantitative Approach
Authors: Luo Waylon , Jin Ruoming , Kenne Deric , Phan NhatHai , Tang Tang
Published: October 2024

Background

The pervasiveness of drug culture has become evident in popular music and social media. Previous research has examined drug abuse content in both social media and popular music; however, to our knowledge, the intersection of drug abuse content in these 2 domains has not been explored. To address the ongoing drug epidemic, we analyzed drug-related content on Twitter (subsequently rebranded X), with a specific focus on lyrics. Our study provides a novel finding on the prevalence of drug abuse by defining a new subcategory of X content: “tweets that reference established drug lyrics.”

Objective

We aim to investigate drug trends in popular music on X, identify and classify popular drugs, and analyze related artists’ gender, genre, and popularity. Based on the collected data, our goal is to create a prediction model for future drug trends and gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of users who cite drug lyrics on X.

Methods

X data were collected from 2015 to 2017 through the X streaming application programming interface (API). Drug lyrics were obtained from the Genius lyrics database using the Genius API based on drug keywords. The Smith-Waterman text-matching algorithm is used to detect the drug lyrics in posts. We identified famous drugs in lyrics that were posted. Consequently, the analysis was extended to related artists, songs, genres, and popularity on X. The frequency of drug-related lyrics on X was aggregated into a time-series, which was then used to create prediction models using linear regression, Facebook Prophet, and NIXTLA TimeGPT-1. In addition, we analyzed the number of followers of users posting drug-related lyrics to explore user characteristics.

Results

We analyzed over 1.97 billion publicly available posts from 2015 to 2017, identifying more than 157 million that matched drug-related keywords. Of these, 150,746 posts referenced drug-related lyrics. Cannabinoids, opioids, stimulants, and hallucinogens were the most cited drugs in lyrics on X. Rap and hip-hop dominated, with 91.98% of drug-related lyrics from these genres and 84.21% performed by male artists. Predictions from all 3 models, linear regression, Facebook Prophet, and NIXTLA TimeGPT-1, indicate a slight decline in the prevalence of drug-related lyrics on X over time.

Conclusions

Our study revealed 2 significant findings. First, we identified a previously unexamined subset of drug-related content on X: drug lyrics, which could play a critical role in models predicting the surge in drug-related incidents. Second, we demonstrated the use of cutting-edge time-series forecasting tools, including Facebook Prophet and NIXTLA TimeGPT-1, in accurately predicting these trends. These insights contribute to our understanding of how social media shapes public behavior and sentiment toward drug use.
Functional Monitoring of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Multidimensional Wearable Plantar Pressure Features: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Junan , Li Shilin , Song Zhen , Shu Lin , Zeng Qing , Huang Guozhi , Lin Yihuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often present lower extremity motor dysfunction. However, traditional radiography is a static assessment and cannot achieve long-term dynamic functional monitoring. Plantar pressure signals have demonstrated potential applications in the diagnosis and rehabilitation monitoring of KOA.

Objective

Through wearable gait analysis technology, we aim to obtain abundant gait information based on machine learning techniques to develop a simple, rapid, effective, and patient-friendly functional assessment model for the KOA rehabilitation process to provide long-term remote monitoring, which is conducive to reducing the burden of social health care system.

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled patients diagnosed with KOA who were able to walk independently for 2 minutes. Participants were given clinically recommended functional tests, including the 40-m fast-paced walk test (40mFPWT) and timed up-and-go test (TUGT). We used a smart shoe system to gather gait pressure data from patients with KOA. The multidimensional gait features extracted from the data and physical characteristics were used to establish the KOA functional feature database for the plantar pressure measurement system. 40mFPWT and TUGT regression prediction models were trained using a series of mature machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, model stacking and average ensemble learning methods were adopted to further improve the generalization performance of the model. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used as regression performance metrics to evaluate the results of different models.

Results

A total of 92 patients with KOA were included, exhibiting varying degrees of severity as evaluated by the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. A total of 380 gait features and 4 physical characteristics were extracted to form the feature database. Effective stepwise feature selection determined optimal feature subsets of 11 variables for the 40mFPWT and 10 variables for the TUGT. Among all models, the weighted average ensemble model using 4 tree-based models had the best generalization performance in the test set, with an MAE of 2.686 seconds, MAPE of 9.602%, and RMSE of 3.316 seconds for the prediction of the 40mFPWT and an MAE of 1.280 seconds, MAPE of 12.389%, and RMSE of 1.905 seconds for the prediction of the TUGT.

Conclusions

This wearable plantar pressure feature technique can objectively quantify indicators that reflect functional status and is promising as a new tool for long-term remote functional monitoring of patients with KOA. Future work is needed to further explore and investigate the relationship between gait characteristics and functional status with more functional tests and in larger sample cohorts.
Co-Design of an Escape Room for e-Mental Health Training of Mental Health Care Professionals: Research Through Design Study
Authors: Bierbooms Joyce J P A , Sluis-Thiescheffer Wouter R J W , Feijt Milou Anne , Bongers Inge M B
Published: October 2024

Background

Many efforts to increase the uptake of e-mental health (eMH) have failed due to a lack of knowledge and skills, particularly among professionals. To train health care professionals in technology, serious gaming concepts such as educational escape rooms are increasingly used, which could also possibly be used in mental health care. However, such serious-game concepts are scarcely available for eMH training for mental health care professionals.

Objective

This study aims to co-design an escape room for training mental health care professionals’ eMH skills and test the escape room’s usability by exploring their experiences with this concept as a training method.

Methods

This project used a research through design approach with 3 design stages. In the first stage, the purpose, expectations, and storylines for the escape room were formulated in 2 co-design sessions with mental health care professionals, game designers, innovation staff, and researchers. In the second stage, the results were translated into the first escape room, which was tested in 3 sessions, including one web version of the escape room. In the third stage, the escape room was tested with mental health care professionals outside the co-design team. First, 2 test sessions took place, followed by 3 field study sessions. In the field study sessions, a questionnaire was used in combination with focus groups to assess the usability of the escape room for eMH training in practice.

Results

An escape room prototype was iteratively developed and tested by the co-design team, which delivered multiple suggestions for adaptations that were assimilated in each next version of the prototype. The field study showed that the escape room creates a positive mindset toward eMH. The suitability of the escape room to explore the possibilities of eMH was rated 4.7 out of 5 by the professionals who participated in the field study. In addition, it was found to be fun and educational at the same time, scoring 4.7 (SD 0.68) on a 5-point scale. Attention should be paid to the game’s complexity, credibility, and flexibility. This is important for the usefulness of the escape room in clinical practice, which was rated an average of 3.8 (SD 0.77) on a 5-point scale. Finally, implementation challenges should be addressed, including organizational policy and stimulation of eMH training.

Conclusions

We can conclude that the perceived usability of an escape room for training mental health care professionals in eMH skills is promising. However, it requires additional effort to transfer the learnings into mental health care professionals’ clinical practice. A straightforward implementation plan and testing the effectiveness of an escape room on skill enhancement in mental health care professionals are essential next steps to reach sustainable goals.
Causal Inference for Hypertension Prediction
With Wearable E
lectrocardiogram and P
hotoplethysmogram Signals: Feasibility Study
Authors: Gon
g Ke , Chen Yifan , Song Xinyue , Fu Zhizhong , Ding Xiaorong
Published: October 2024

Background

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide, and it puts a heavy burden on the healthcare system. Therefore,

it is
very important to detect and evaluate hypertension and related cardiovascular events
to enable early prevention, detection, and management. Hypertension can be detected in a timely manner with cardiac signals, such as through an electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) ,

which can be observed via wearable sensors. Most previous studies predicted hypertension from ECG and PPG signals with extracted features that are correlated with hypertension. However, correlation is sometimes unreliable and may be affected by confounding factors
.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting the risk of hypertension by exploring features that are causally related to hypertension via causal inference methods. Additionally, we paid special attention to and verified the reliability and effectiveness of causality compared to correlation.

Methods

We used a large public dataset from the Aurora Project
, which was conducted by Microsoft Research. The dataset included diverse individuals who were balanced in terms of gender, age, and the condition of hypertension, with their ECG and PPG signals simultaneously acquired with wrist
-worn wearable devices. We first extracted 205 features from the ECG and PPG signals, calculated
6 statistical metrics for these 205 features, and selected some valuable features out of the 205 features under each statistical metric. Then,
6 causal graphs of the selected features for each kind of statistical metric and hypertension were constructed with the equivalent greedy search algorithm. We further fused the
6 causal graphs into
1 causal graph and identified features that were causally related to hypertension from the causal graph
.

Finally, we

used these features to detect hypertension via machine learning algorithms.

Results

We validated the proposed method on 405 subjects.
We identified

24 causal features
that were

associated with hypertension. The causal features
could detect hypertension with an accuracy of 89%, precision of 92
% ,
and recall of 82%, which outperformed detection with correlation features (accuracy of 85%, precision of 88
% ,
and recall of 77%).

Conclusions

The results indicated that the causal inference
–based approach can potentially clarify the mechanism of hypertension detection with noninvasive signals and effectively detect hypertension. It also reveal
ed that causality can be more reliable and effective than correlation for hypertension detection and other application scenarios.
Evaluating ChatGPT’s Efficacy in Pediatric Pneumonia Detection From Chest X-Rays: Comparative Analysis of Specialized AI Models (Preprint)
Authors: Chetla Nitin , Tandon Mihir , Chang Joseph , Sukhija Kunal , Patel Romil , Sanchez Ramon
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Observational Study on Passenger Behavior in the Beijing Subway
Authors: Li Bingjie , Li Xiaojie , Liu Xiaoming
Published: October 2024

To understand the primary behaviors of contemporary passengers during subway travel, a traditional observational research method was employed to observe and record the behaviors of individuals in the last car of Beijing Subway Line 5. The observed behaviors were then analyzed and explained using relevant theories. The results indicated that: a. The main behaviors of subway passengers included activities such as using mobile phones, sleeping, daydreaming, reading, and interacting with others. b. The predominant use of mobile phones was closely related to the development of the internet era and the widespread adoption of smartphones. c. The limited communication and interaction among subway passengers were linked to the phenomenon of interpersonal apathy prevalent in modern society.
Qualidade da água envasada consumida no estado de São Paulo: análise de substâncias inorgânicas
Authors: Liane Buzzo Márcia , Juncioni de Arauz Luciana , Henriques Carvalho Maria de Fátima , Raquel Verola Mataveli Lidiane
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The availability of different brands of bottled water on the national market, combined with the growing consumption by the population, makes it important to assess the quality of its chemical composition. Objective: To quantify inorganic chemical substances (nutrients and toxic metals) in samples of bottled water from national and imported sources consumed in the State of São Paulo, in compliance with legislation and compendiums; verify the parameters of inorganic elements indicated on labeling, as well as the recommended daily intake. Method: Determinations were carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The evaluation indicated that 93.5% of the total of the 107 samples analyzed presented concentrations of inorganic chemical elements in accordance with the maximum values allowed in national legislation for all analytes (96.5% for national and 81.0% for imported), thus being considered suitable for human consumption. Discordant results were obtained for 6.5% for the elements chromium (2.3%) and selenium (1.2%) in national water and chromium (19.0%) in imported water. Levels above the recommended limits by the international compendia for sodium intake were quantified in an imported water sample that could cause illness in the body. Furthermore, the variability observed between the experimental results and values declared in the chemical composition tables (labeling) can lead consumers to purchase a product containing inadequate information, thereby harming their daily intake needs. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of establishing and maintaining continuous monitoring programs in the country to monitor the sanitary quality of food consumed by the population and thus protect population’s health.
Os desafios do trabalho docente na pedagogia hospitalar
Authors: Goulart Cibele Messa , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Dinardi Ailton Jesus
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca ampliar o conhecimento sobre a educação de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados/as – temporária ou permanentemente – e afastados/as do ambiente regular de ensino. À luz dos fundamentos da pedagogia hospitalar enquanto prática humanizada e com dados coletados nas bases Scielo e Capes, nossa pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam a eficiência de determinados projetos didático/pedagógicos desenvolvidos por equipes multidisciplinares de atendimento a alunos/as internados/as ou que ocupam espaços hospitalares por algum período de tempo. Através desta revisão foi possível observar que, por mais que seja importante para a atuação pedagógica, o tema ainda é pouco conhecido e divulgado. O percurso da classe hospitalar é longo, e a cada dia surgem novos desafios para a educação especial, principalmente no campo da pedagogia hospitalar.
Niveles inestables de glucemia en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis: análisis conceptual
Authors: Larissa Ferreira Larissa de Lima Ferreira , Ana Raquel Cortês Nelson  , Laís Vasconcelos Laís Vasconcelos Santos , Camila Tavares Camila Sayonara Tavares Gomes , Maria Isabel Dias Maria Isabel da Conceição Dias Fernandes , Ana Luísa Brandão Ana Luísa Brandão de Carvalho Lira
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analizar el concepto “Glucosa en Sangre Inestable” en el contexto de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Métodos: análisis conceptual, realizado mediante el método propuesto por Walker y Avant y operacionalizado mediante una Scoping Review. Los datos fueron recolectados en enero de 2023, mediante búsqueda de publicaciones elegibles en bases de datos y catálogos de tesis y disertaciones nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: los atributos críticos identificados fueron: variación glucémica fuera del rango normal y hemodiálisis. Los antecedentes identificados fueron: Ingesta alimentaria/Ayuno insuficiente; Uso inadecuado de insulina o agentes hipoglucemiantes; Dializado sin reposición de glucosa; Diabetes Mellitus; y, Edad avanzada. Las consecuencias fueron: Hiperglucemia; hipoglucemia; Mayor morbilidad; Aumento de la mortalidad; Eventos cerebrovasculares; y Eventos cardiovasculares. También se construyeron un caso modelo y otros referentes empíricos. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica: el análisis del concepto “Glicemia inestable” generó la definición de susceptibilidad a la variación de la glucemia fuera del rango normal durante y/o después de la hemodiálisis. Este conocimiento contribuye a una comprensión más amplia del fenómeno y puede apoyar el desarrollo de intervenciones que fortalezcan la prevención de los efectos de la variación glucémica en esta clientela.
Lessons Learned: Diabetes Education for One and for All
Authors: Urbanski Patti
Published: October 2024

Editor’s Note

This article is adapted from a speech Ms. Urbanski delivered in June 2024 as President, Health Care & Education, of the American Diabetes Association. She delivered her address at the Association’s 84th Scientific Sessions.
La Educación Cultural y Artí­stica y su importancia en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Solórzano Solórzano Jorge Luis , Palma García Yury Vladimir ,   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar la importancia de la Educación Cultural y Artí­stica en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Pablo Zamora Salgado situada en el cantón Flavio Alfaro. En el proceso del estudio se empleó una metodologí­a netamente descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo; cabe mencionar que, la técnica de la observación y la encuesta fueron suma relevancia, de igual manera que los fundamentos teóricos adquiridos a través de fuentes bibliogróficas. En esta exploración se consideró como muestra a 200 estudiantes de la institución; es decir, el total del universo; y, en efecto los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron significativamente cuón importante es la aplicación de ECA en el desarrollo de desarrollo integral de los educandos, mismo que inician a través de un proceso sistematizo con el fin de promover el desarrollo de sus habilidades, pensamientos y creatividad.
On the Essence of the Concept "Internally Displaced Person
Authors: Blok Nataliia
Published: October 2024

The article describes the essence of the concept of “internally displaced person”. Theoretical and legal approaches to the content of the concept of “internally displaced persons” have been studied. It was established that forced migration plays an important role in the modern worldmigration process of the population of Ukraine. It is argued that for the first time the term “internally displaced person” was used in jurisprudence in the last decade of the 20th century, when the need for an international response to the rather important problem of protecting the rights of displaced persons definitely arose. Statistical data on the number of internally displaced persons in Ukraine are indicated. It is noted that precisely as a result of military aggression by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the problem of forced migration and its solution is one of the main ones for the state and society. It is proven that an internally displaced person is a citizen of Ukraine, a foreigner or a stateless person who is in the territory of Ukraine on legal grounds and has the right to permanent residence in Ukraine, who was forced to leave or leave his place of residence as a result or in order to avoid negative consequences. It is indicated that internally displaced persons are under the legal protection of their country in accordance with international human rights legislation. The article indicates the main reasons for forced migration of the population, which encourage citizens to move within the borders of their country. These include, first of all, military conflict, occupation or annexation of territory, cruel treatment, manifestations of violence, genocide of the population, violation of human rights and freedoms, as well as environmental, social, economic, man-made and other causes. It was emphasized that internally displaced persons need to adjust to a new place of residence, which should become safer for them. It has been studied that the protection of internally displaced persons implies an important obligation for the state to create legal, social and economic conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms, under which it is possible to protect the rights of individuals, as well as the activities of state organizations for the protection of human rights. The article offers the author’s definition of the essence of the concept of “internally displaced person” in Ukraine.
Demarcation and Legalisation of the Borders of the Ukrainian SSR with its Neighbours – Establishment and Partial Clarification of Boundaries with the RSFSR in the 1920s
Authors: Makarchuk Volodymyr
Published: October 2024

This article is the first part of a series of 5 articles dedicated to the establishment of the borders of the Ukrainian SSR (and its legal continuation under the Union Constitution of 5 December 1936 of the Ukrainian SSR) with the neighbouring Soviet republics – the RSFSR, the Belorussian SSR (BSSR) and the Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic; since 1936 – the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) and the latter’s legal successor – the Moldavian SSR. The author points out that the borders of the Ukrainian SSR and the RSFSR (the then names of the republics) in the 1920s were established not on the basis of the ethnographic principle, but for reasons of economic expediency, with priority consideration of Moscow’s interests. For example, the city of Sudzha, which at one time was proclaimed by the Bolsheviks as one of the capitals of “Soviet Ukraine”, became part of the RSFSR. The Russian side emphasised in every possible way that certain disputed regions were important for providing the RSFSR with bread, coal and labour, not stopping short of unilateral actions without the consent of the Ukrainian side and acts of sabotage during the transfer of certain disputed territories to the Ukrainian SSR. The position of the Ukrainians was weakened by the “international” leadership of the republic, driven by the Communist Party’s discipline. At the same time, the existing border between independent Ukraine and the Russian Federation should not be revised, and Ukraine does not claim any Russian territories, including Kursk, as stated in a special statement by the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry in August 2024.
ANALISIS EKSPRESI EMOSI ANAK AUTISME DALAM LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH UPT SLB E NEGERI PEMBINA TINGKAT PROVINSI SUMUT TA. 2023/2014: KAJIAN TEORI KOGNITIF
Authors: Sembiring Cori Nabila , Ginting Rafael Lisinus
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan representasi ekspresi emosi anak autisme dalam proses pembelajaran dengan faktor stimulus yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dari interaksi sosial dengan guru dan teman sebaya di sekolah UPT SLB E Negeri Pembina Tingkat Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi untuk menjawab dua tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak autisme mengekspresikan emosi emosi dasar meliputi bahagia, marah, sedih, muak, takut dan terkejut dengan berbagai media yang digunakan. Selain itu, anak autisme juga merespon faktor stimulus dari interaksi sosial dengan guru dan teman sebaya berdasarkan ekspresi emosi dasar meliputi bahagia, marah, sedih, takut dan terkejut karena beragam rangsangan yang diberikan oleh guru pendamping khusus dan teman sebaya.
ANALISIS POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL ANAK DI RA AL-MUKHLISIN KAB KARO
Authors: Sitepu Umi Herlian Br , Simaremare Aman , Yus Anita , Srinahyanti Srinahyanti , Lubis May Sari
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk pola asuh orang tua dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan interpersonal anak di RA Al-Mukhlisin kab. Karo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu teknik observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1). Pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua yaitu pola asuh otoriter, pola asuh permisif dan pola asuh demokratis. 2). Kecerdasan anak di RA Al- Mukhlisin sangat jauh berbeda-beda 3). Pola asuh demokratis dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan interpersonal anak yaitu dengan mengajak anak untuk berdiskusi. Pola asuh permisif dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan interpersonal anak yaitu membebaskan anak untuk bereksplorasi dan pola asuh otoriter dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan interpersonal anak yaitu dengan melatih anak agar disiplin.
Relationship of Role Behavior and Digital Activities of Students on the Internet
Authors: Tishkova A.S.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is a theoretical and empirical study of the relationship between role behavior and digital activity of young people. At the theoretical level, the main works concerning the study of the problem of role behavior and digital activity of the individual are considered. It is noted that indicators of a person's digital activity are: a large amount of time spent online; variety of genres of visited sites; the individual's desire to visit the Internet; having a profile on at least one social network and actively publishing posts; using instant messengers for communication, work and information exchange; making online purchases; belonging to groups on social networks; dating via the Internet; passion for mobile and computer games, etc. The role behavior of an individual in social networks can be represented by the following figures: Old Woman, Old Man, Mother, Father, Virgo, Hero, Witch, Trickster, Girl, Boy. The results of an empirical study of the relationship between role behavior and digital activity of young people, carried out with the participation of 50 students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Nobosibirsk State Pedagogical University” aged 19-24, are presented. As a result of applying χ2-Pearson, we obtained a significant correlation between the broadcast role in a social network and the time spent on the Internet. The conclusion noted that more than 5 hours are spent online by respondents who identify online with the destructive role models of the Trickster and Witch, who attend entertaining and humorous shows, watch TV series, play mobile and computer games, etc.
Artinian* Modules
Authors: Ansari Ajim Uddin , Kim Hwankoo , Maurya Sanjeev Kumar , Tekir Ünsal
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce and study Artinian* modules as a generalization of Artinian modules. We transfer several results of Artinian modules to Artinian* modules. We also provide several characterizations of this new class of modules. Furthermore, we investigate the existence of secondary representation for Artinian* modules over commutative regular rings. Finally, we characterize Artinian* modules in the amalgamated module construction.