bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização e avaliação qualitativa da oferta alimentar dirigida a estudantes em estabelecimentos de restauração pública na proximidade de instituições de ensino
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Campos Mariana , Teixeira Beatriz ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto,   EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto,   Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR) da Universidade do Porto, Poínhos Rui ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rocha Ada ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto,   GreenUPorto - Centro de Investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Viegas Cláudia ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa,   H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Afonso Cláudia ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto,   EPIUnit - Instituto  de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto,   Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR) da Universidade do Porto
Published: August 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: O consumo alimentar fora de casa é um importante determinante da saúde da população no geral e dos estudantes em particular, que recorrem com frequência à restauração pública existente nas imediações dos estabelecimentos de ensino. OBJETIVOS: Caraterizar a oferta alimentar incluída nos menus para estudantes em estabelecimentos de restauração pública portugueses. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal realizado em estabelecimentos de restauração pública portugueses. Recolheram-se informações sobre a composição de alimentos e bebidas que compõem os menus para estudantes. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 138 menus com uma média de 3,4 opções por menu (desvio-padrão = 3). Apenas 10% dos menus incluem sopa e nenhum inclui fruta. A opção vegetariana é escassa (11%) e apenas 20% dos menus oferecem pescado, contrastando com 35% de opções de carne branca e 73% de carne vermelha. Em 68% das opções são servidas batatas fritas como acompanhamento. Relativamente à bebida, 31% dos menus incluem bebidas açucaradas e 42% incluem água. Os alergénios são apresentados somente em 3,6% dos menus. CONCLUSÕES: Os menus para estudantes analisados refletem que a oferta alimentar é desadequada e pouco variada, destacando-se a falta de hortofrutícolas e opções vegetarianas e o excesso de carne vermelha e bebidas açucaradas. É relevante adotar estratégias nacionais que promovam hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis na população jovem, considerando a oferta existente na proximidade dos estabelecimentos de ensino.
A alimentação vegetariana na infância é adequada para o crescimento das crianças e adolescentes?
Authors:   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Faria Ana ,   Laboratório de Investigação Aplicada em Saúde (LabinSaúde), Moutinho Joana ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Filipa Ferreira Ana ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Margarida Almeida Ana ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Matos Camila ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Capela Luísa ,   Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra
Published: August 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: A adoção de padrões alimentares à base de plantas tem vindo a crescer, sendo observada a sua preferência em idades cada vez mais jovens, muitas vezes desde os primeiros anos de vida. A acrescer à sua associação com potenciais benefícios para a saúde humana, outras evidências alertam para possíveis carências nutricionais e energéticas decorrentes do consumo deste tipo de dieta no crescimento das crianças e adolescentes. OBJETIVOS: Com esta revisão pretendeu-se analisar os efeitos da adoção de um padrão alimentar à base de plantas no crescimento de crianças e adolescentes. METODOLOGIA: Recorreu-se a uma revisão sistemática da literatura, onde foram incluídos estudos com carácter quantitativo desde 2017 até ao presente, desde que relacionados com alimentação vegetariana ou vegana e que se reportassem a indivíduos em idade pediátrica. RESULTADOS: Sete estudos correspondiam aos critérios de inclusão, dos quais seis apresentavam uma metodologia transversal e apenas um estudo utilizou uma coorte longitudinal. Cinco dos sete estudos compararam variáveis antropométricas de crianças sob dietas vegetarianas/veganas com crianças a cumprir dietas omnívoras. Destes, apenas um estudo encontrou diferenças nos indicadores de crescimento entre crianças vegetarianas e omnívoras. A maioria dos estudos que analisou indivíduos sob dietas veganas reportou piores indicadores de crescimento face aos sujeitos sob dietas vegetarianas e omnívoras. CONCLUSÕES: A evidência não permite uma conclusão firme acerca do efeito de dietas vegetarianas no crescimento de crianças e adolescentes. Esta revisão realça a necessidade de se realizarem mais estudos quantitativos rigorosos, nomeadamente estudos longitudinais com um acompanhamento de longa duração para se possa eventualmente estabelecer uma relação de causalidade.
Alergias alimentares: da origem ao tratamento
Authors:   Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, João Campos Maria , Pereira Márcia ,   Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Pena Angelina ,   Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra
Published: August 2023

A alergia alimentar é um problema de saúde pública em ascensão e é considerada a “segunda vaga da epidemia das alergias”, sendo as mediadas pelas imunoglobulinas E as mais prevalentes. Diversos fatores de risco correlacionados entre si têm sido apontados como responsáveis pelo relevante aumento do número de casos a nível mundial. O diagnóstico desta patologia pode basear-se na avaliação da história clínica, seguida da realização de testes de sensibilização e de Provas de Provocação Oral. As recomendações mais recentes defendem a introdução precoce dos alergénios na dieta como a melhor estratégia de prevenção da doença. Os fármacos disponíveis para este problema de saúde são escassos, com a Imunoterapia com Alergénios a ser a única estratégia bem-sucedida. Por esta razão, a eliminação do alergénio da dieta continua a ser principal forma de gestão da doença.
A dieta vegetariana e o aumento da força muscular e da massa muscular
Authors:   Escola Superior de Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Dias Mariana , Correia Marta ,   Escola Superior de Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Published: August 2023

O termo “dieta vegetariana” define um padrão alimentar no qual há ausência de carne e pescado, sendo que a sua definição inclui vários subtipos. A Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics e a Direção-Geral da Saúde defendem que uma dieta vegetariana bem planeada é saudável e nutricionalmente adequada em todas as fases da vida do ser humano e em atletas, permitindo ainda benefícios na saúde, prevenção e tratamento de algumas doenças. O aumento de massa muscular, conhecido como hipertrofia, resulta de alterações no sistema musculoesquelético e adaptações neurológicas em resposta ao stress fisiológico provocado pelo treino de força. Contudo, a ingestão proteica parece desempenhar um papel crucial neste processo, condicionando o aumento de massa magra em casos de ingestão proteica inadequada. A importância da proteína vai para além da quantidade ingerida, devendo ser considerada a qualidade da mesma, isto é, o teor em aminoácidos essenciais (nomeadamente leucina), bem como a sua biodisponibilidade. O aporte energético total é outro dos fatores que assume um papel relevante, protegendo o tecido muscular de ser utilizado como recurso energético, e promovendo os fenómenos bioquímicos, energeticamente dispendiosos, na base da hipertrofia muscular. Os minerais ferro, zinco e cálcio bem como as vitaminas Cobalamina e Vitamina D, merecem especial atenção nos processos de crescimento muscular e do rendimento dos indivíduos num padrão vegetariano. Estes nutrientes melhoram a performance, participam no metabolismo proteico, contribuem para o desenvolvimento de força muscular e aumento da tolerância ao exercício e previnem anemias. A evidência parece ser sugestiva de que dietas vegetarianas podem ser opções viáveis em atletas, promover e fomentar a sua força, resistência e performance e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuir para o bem-estar ambiental e do indivíduo. Mais estudos, com desenhos experimentais mais bem definidos e mais precisos, são desejáveis, por forma a termos representatividade das amostras para a população específica em estudo.
Dimensi Sosial dalam Hudud
Authors: Fatah Nur Fauzi Radliatul , Nisa Ulfatun Wahidatun
Published: August 2023

Islam menaruh perhatian yang besar terhadap stabilitas sosial. Al-Qur’an dan sunnah merangkum secara komprehensif batasan untuk tindakan-tindakan apa saja yang dapat mendegradasi nilai-nilai moral dan sosial. Selama berabad-abad umat Islam terjaga dari degradasi nilai-nilai moral dan sosial karena menjauhi batasan-batasan tersebut. Karenanya, umat Islam dapat fokus membentuk dan mengembangkan peradabannya, sehingga unggul, dominan dan diadopsi dalam banyak aspek selama sekian abad. Namun, dalam pertikaian Barat dengan umat Islam sejak abad-19, Barat menitikberatkan pada perang pemikiran dan keyakinan. Berusaha untuk memisahkan umat Islam dari pembacaan yang benar terhadap al-Qur’an dan sunnah. Menyusupkan keraguan-keraguan agar umat Islam hidup sebagai bagian dari refleksi peradaban Barat. Mereka terus mendistorsi bagunan politik, sosial dan ekomoni Islam guna menimbulkan kekacauan pemikiran. Hal tersebut telah mengakibatkan pemutarbalikan berbagai konsep dan pertentangan metode sehingga menjauhkan kaum Muslim dari pemikiran Islam yang sejatinya menjadi aturan yang harus diterapkan.[1] Semua itu mengakibatkan lemahnya keyakinan umat muslim dan tumbuhnya keraguan-keraguan, sehingga terjadilah pengambilan total terhadap nilai-nilai Barat tanpa melihat lagi adanya kontradiksi dengan syariat Islam.
Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2023)
Authors: Salawu Babatunde A.
Published: August 2023

Corrosion is a pervasive issue that affects oil and gas production. It poses a significant threat to the safety and integrity of oil and gas equipment, and it can lead to costly repairs and downtime. Mitigating corrosion is a crucial part of maintaining the productivity and safety of oil and gas operations. The first paper in the Wellbore Tubulars Technology Focus feature, IPTC 21818, explores the prevalence of corrosion in the oil and gas industry and the strategies used to mitigate its effect, including use of alternative materials and their qualification.

The second paper in the feature, SPE 206340, deals with stuck-pipe incidents, a major cause of economic losses, safety hazards, and nonproductive time. With the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques, however, these incidents can be prevented by analyzing drilling data. In recent research presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference and other SPE conferences, various AI and ML models were developed to predict and prevent pipe-sticking symptoms. The authors of the paper used natural language processing applied to drilling memos to improve the accuracy and robustness of kick and lost-circulation detection.

Finally, paper OTC 31160 discusses the use of microelectromechanical systems technology to embed sensors in tubulars that measure temperature and pressure throughout a well’s life. With low power consumption and an adapted transmission technology, this technology can be used to access previously inaccessible well areas in real time.

Such technological strides in wellbore tubulars are revolutionizing the oil and gas industry by providing real-time data and making new areas of wells accessible. With the integration of intelligent pipe technology, nonmetallic casing strings, and powered wired drillpipe solutions, operators can better monitor their wells, adjust production parameters, and ensure the safety of their installations. These advancements are a significant step forward for the industry and are sure to have a positive effect on well integrity and safety for years to come.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 202498 No Pipe Body Downgrades—Improved Corrosion Mitigation Coating System Provides Significant Operator Savings by Buck Johnson, Chevron, et al.

SPE 205468 The Environmental Benefits of Repurposing Tubular Steel From North Sea Oil and Gas Fields by Rob William John Holdway, Giraffe Innovation, et al.

IPTC 21455 Performance Improvement of Wells Augmented Stuck-Pipe Indicator by Model Evaluations by Meor M. Meor Hashim, Petronas, et al.

IPTC 22660 First Successful Deployment of Nonmetallic Casing Strings: A Case History by Fauzia Waluyo, Saudi Aramco, et al.
Assessment of breathing patterns and voice of patients with COPD and dysphonia
Authors: Węglarz Karolina , Szczygieł Elżbieta , Masłoń Agata , Blaut Jędrzej
Published: August 2023

Introduction There is a noticeable lack of studies relating to voice, breathing and how they relate to each other in patients with voice or respiratory diseases. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess and compare the breathing pattern and voice variables in people with voice and respiratory disorders.Material and Methods The research was conducted on a group of 61 persons, including 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 15 patients with dysphonia and 30 healthy persons. Breathing pattern and voice variables were assessed in relaxed sitting position. The breathing parameters was evaluated separately for upper and lower chest using the respiratory inductive plethysmography. The recording of acoustic speech signal was performed using a dynamic stage microphone with a preamplifier and a digital signal recorder. The acoustic signal was further analysed by evaluating four parameters: Jitter, Shimmer, HNR and MFCC.Results In the sitting position, people with dysphonia and COPD had longer and deeper exhalations and deeper breaths than healthy subjects, regardless of the assessed track, however in the subjects with COPD higher for the abdominal track and for dysphonia subjects in thoracic track were observed. Subjects suffering from dysphonia were characterized by lower voice power and pitch and more distortions in the speech signal compared to healthy subjects, whereas both dysphonia and COPD patients had statistically significantly lower voice frequency compared to the control group.Conclusion Subjects with COPD made greater use of the diaphragmatic track in sitting position, whereas subjects with dysphonia used the thoracic track to a greater extent. Stronger correlations between voice and respiratory parameters for the abdominal track exist in people with voice or respiratory dysfunctions than in healthy subjects.
Prevalence of Abnormal Colonoscopic Findings in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program with Fecal Immunochemical Test in Average Risk Individuals
Authors: Norouzi Zahra , Hasani Fatemeh , Sedaghat SeyyedMehdi , Sadeghzadeh Hamideh , Norouzi Alireza , Alimadadi Mehdi , Besharat Sima , Riyahi Zoha
Published: August 2023

Background: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a stool-based noninvasive test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aimed to evaluate the colonoscopy results in a population-based CRC screening of average-risk asymptomatic individuals with a positive FIT.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 7947 individuals aged 50 to 69 years from 22 primary health care centers. Demographic data were extracted from the primary health care database called 'NAB.' All eligible participants were provided with FIT kits, and those with positive FIT results were referred for colonoscopy. We evaluated the pathologies identified during abnormal colonoscopies.
Findings: Our study enrolled 7175 individuals with a mean (SD) age of 58.45 (5.45), of whom 4607 (64.2%) were female and 6226 (86.8%) were married. Out of the participants, 549 individuals tested positive for FIT, yielding a FIT positivity rate of 7.65%. The participation rate for colonoscopy was 55.56% (n=305), and among these, 87 patients had abnormal findings. Among all polyps, adenomas and hyperplastic polyps had higher rates compared to other types (49.48% and 21.64%, respectively). The majority of polyps were found in the rectum and sigmoid colon (73.3%). We observed that 11 patients had CRC based on colonoscopy findings. Abnormal colonoscopy findings were significantly higher in men (P < 0.001, OR=2.25) and in older patients (P=0.015, OR=1.57). Additionally, urban living was identified as a risk factor for colorectal pathologies (OR=2.30).
Conclusion: Based on the data obtained in this study, FIT emerges as a suitable tool for colorectal cancer screening. Given its effectiveness in detecting precancerous lesions and CRCs, patients can greatly benefit from FIT for the prevention and early treatment of CRC. Furthermore, considering the higher incidence of abnormal colonoscopy findingsin men and older patients, CRC screening using FIT can significantly reduce the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia in these groups. Nevertheless, to comprehensively evaluate the quality of FIT tests for CRC screening in Iran, further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
The Influence of Attachment Styles on the Relationship between Primary Emotions and Substance Related Addictive Behaviors
Authors: Andres Deborah , Fuchshuber Jürgen , Prandstätter Theresa , Roithmeier Lisa , Schmautz Beate , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Unterrainer Human-Friedrich
Published: August 2023

Objectives
To date there is no universally accepted model that describes the development of substance related addictive behavior. In order to address this gap, the study sought to examine whether the association between primary emotions and the inclination toward addictive behavior is mediated by an anxious attachment style.
Methods
The total sample consisted of 900 nonclinical young adults (Age: M = 27; SD = 9.60; 71.6% female). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the connection between the primary emotions (SADNESS and ANGER), and the latent variables attachment anxiety and symptoms of addictive behavior.
Results
Substance use symptomatology was correlated with higher attachment anxiety (r = .15), SADNESS (r = .15) and ANGER (r = .11). The effect of SADNESS on addictive behavior is mediated by attachment anxiety (p < .01) whereas ANGER had a direct effect on addictive behavior (p < .01). The final SEM explains 4% of the variance of addictive behaviors and 22% of attachment anxiety.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that both SADNESS and ANGER, along with attachment anxiety, are dispositions that contribute to the risk of engaging in addictive behavior. However, while ANGER directly influences addictive behavior, SADNESS acts through its impact on attachment anxiety.
SALL4 promotes cancer stem-like cell phenotype and radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinomas via methyltransferase-like 3-mediated m6A modification
Authors: Wei Jianhua , Huang Junhong , Li Huan , Yang Zihui , Liu Rong , Li Yahui , Hu Yating , Zhao Shengnan , Gao Xiang , Yang Xinjie
Published: August 2023

Radioresistance imposes a great challenge in reducing tumor recurrence and improving the clinical prognosis of individuals having oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC harbors a subpopulation of CD44(+) cells that exhibit cancer stem-like cell (CSC) characteristics are involved in malignant tumor phenotype and radioresistance. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms in CD44(+)-OSCC remain unclear. The current investigation demonstrated that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is highly expressed in CD44(+) cells and promotes CSCs phenotype. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we further showed that Spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) is involved in the maintenance of CSCs properties. Furthermore, the overexpression of SALL4 in CD44(+)-OSCC cells caused radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, silencing SALL4 sensitized OSCC cells to radiation therapy (RT). Mechanistically, we illustrated that SALL4 is a direct downstream transcriptional regulation target of METTL3, the transcription activation of SALL4 promotes the nuclear transport of β-catenin and the expression of downstream target genes after radiation therapy; thereby activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, effectively enhancing the CSCs phenotype and causing radioresistance. Herein, this study indicates that the METTL3/SALL4 axis promotes the CSCs phenotype and resistance to radiation in OSCC via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and provides a potential therapeutic target to eliminate radioresistant OSCC.
Predicting pregnancy rate in women with tubal ligation after tubal anastomosis: A novel predictive nomogram
Authors: shang shanliang , Liu Wenhua , Wu Xiaoyu , Lin Xiaona
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and internally validate a novel nomogram predicting pregnancy rate in women with tubal ligation after tubal anastomosis.
Methods
We developed a prediction model based on a training dataset of 208 patients who underwent tubal anastomosis treatment between January 2012 and August 2020 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University. The Lasso regression model was used to optimize feature selection for the pregnancy rate risk model. The performance of the nomogram was assessed for its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Internal validation was assessed.
Results
Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included age, type of anastomosis, sterilization duration, time of conception, and Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). The model displayed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.924 (95% confidence interval: 0.876–0.971) and good calibration. High C-index value of 0.879 could still be reached in the interval validation. Decision curve analysis showed that the pregnancy rate nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the pregnancy rate possibility threshold of 1%.
Conclusion
This novel pregnancy rate nomogram incorporating the age, type of anastomosis, sterilization duration, time of conception, and AMH could be conveniently used to predict the pregnancy rate in women with tubal ligation after tubal anastomosis.
Expression and clinical significance of Toll-like receptor 4 on peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes of patients with secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Tian Tian , Wang Jujuan , Gao Xin , Yin Guangli , Xu Ji , Qiu Hongxia , Duan Limin
Published: August 2023

Background
Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) develops predominantly in adulthood and is triggered by a number of factors, with a lack of reliable immune biomarkers for predicting aetiology. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, may be involved in hyperinflammation in sHLH.
Methods
This study retrospectively included 20 newly diagnosed adult sHLH patients diagnosed from July 2019 to December 2020. To investigate TLR4 expression and clinical significance in sHLH, we recruited 20 newly diagnosed sHLH patients and 10 healthy controls and evaluated TLR4 expression on peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry.
Results
TLR4 levels were significantly elevated in the sHLH group compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Specifically, TLR4 was expressed on greater than 5% of CD14+ cells, up to 65%. Determination of TLR4 levels in the infection-associated HLH (IHLH) group showed a remarkable increase compared with those in the lymphoma-associated HLH (LHLH) group (P = 0.001). No significant difference was found in expression of TLR4 on CD14+ monocytes between the infection-associated HLH (IHLH) group and the autoimmune-associated HLH (AHLH) group (P = 0.066) or between the AHLH group and the LHLH group (P = 0.5). Expression of CD14+/TLR4+ monocytes in patients with clinical remission was significantly lower than the pretreatment level (P = 0.04).
Conclusions
These results support testing of TLR4 expression on CD14+ monocytes, which may contribute to IHLH diagnosis and development surveillance.
Radiological and clinical comparison of surgical and conservative treatment of distal fractures of the clavicle (Neer type 2b)
Authors: Doğan Necati , Hançerli Cafer Özgür
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
In this study, we aimed to compare the patients we treated conservatively with those treated surgically in distal Neer type 2b fractures of the clavicle radiologically and clinically.
Patients and Methods:
Between May 2015 and June 2020, 67 patients who were treated and followed up with the diagnosis of Neer type 2b distal clavicle fracture were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-six patients who were followed up conservatively were assigned to Group 1, and 31 patients who were treated surgically were assigned to Group 2. Age, gender, fracture side, fracture type and follow-up period of the patients included in the study were calculated. Preoperative fracture displacement amounts were measured radiologically. As a result of conservative or surgical treatment, the distance between the coracoid process and the clavicle (Coracoclavicular (CC) distance) in the final radiological image was measured. The clinical result at the last follow-up was made according to the Constant-Murley scoring. Those who developed nonunion were detected.
Results
Group 1 had a higher mean age compared to Group 2. (p = 0.24) Both groups had a similar distribution in terms of gender, fracture side and follow-up time. (p > 0.05) It was observed that the preoperative displacement amount of Group 2 was higher than Group 1. (p = 0.003) CC distance of Group 2 was higher than Group 1. (p = 0.018) Constant-Murley scores of both groups had similar distribution. (p = 0.086) While uneventful union developed in all patients in Group 2, nonunion was observed in 12 (33%) patients in Group 1.
Conclusion
Even though Neer type 2b distal clavicle fractures have a high nonunion rate, their effect on the clinical outcome is quite low. They do not need surgical treatment unless symptomatic nonunion develops.
Level of evidence:
Level 3, Retrospective comparative study
Diverse rice-based cropping systems and crop residue recycling with appropriate nutrient application influenced the system productivity, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in Inceptisols of eastern Indo-Gangatic plain
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Mitra S. , Mazumdar S.P. , Verma B. C. , Pramanick B.
Published: August 2023

Aim
To find out the productivity and soil C and N sequestration of diverse intensive rice-based cropping systems under the appropriate nutrient management with different crop residue recycling
Methods
Field experiment was conducted in split-plot design with five cropping systems (CS) in main plot viz., rice- rice (RR), rice-wheat-jute (RWJ), rice-baby corn-jute(RBcJ), rice-vegetable pea- jute (RVpJ), rice-mustard-green gram-jute (RMGgJ) superimposed with four nutrients and crop residue management (NCRM) practices viz. 75% recommended doses of fertilizers/NPK (RDF) to all crops without crop residue (F1R0), 75% RDF with crop residue (F1R1), 100% RDF without crop residues (F2R0) and 100% RDF with crop residue(F2R1) in sub-plot. The rice, wheat and corn residue @ 4 t/ha and vegetable pea and green gram residue @ 2t/ha was incorporated yearly prior to sowing of jute in April.
Results
The highest system productivity was obtained in RBcJ cropping system with 100% RDF with crop residue practice whilst, the higher sustainability index in the RMGgJ and RVpJ cropping systems. RMGgJ and F2R1 practice recorded the higher carbon sequestration, carbon management index, nitrogen management index and nitrogen pool at 0–15 cm of soil and it was at par with RVpJ cropping systems.
Conclusion
Rice based intensive cropping systems having legume crop in rotation (RMGgJ and RVpJ) along with 100% RDF and crop residue incorporation sustained the system productivity and enhanced the soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soil.
A Mathematical Model for Debris Flow Blockage Assessment based on Topographical Factors
Authors: Xu Fu-gang , Zhou Yi-fei , Liu Jie , Wei Bo-wen , Yang Pei-sheng
Published: August 2023

Debris-flow dams are often associated with the occurrence of debris flows blocking rivers in mountainous areas, posing a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property in downstream areas. To accurately assess the occurrence probability of debris-flow dam disasters, it is necessary to first assess the possibility of complete debris-flow fan blockage. In this paper, on the basis of the debris-flow fan blockage model proposed by previous authors, a mathematical model for determining debris-flow blockage is proposed based on three topographical factors, depositional distance, depositional thickness and depositional volume, taking full account of the influence of topographical factors on the complete blockage of debris flows. The greater the depositional distance, the greater the depositional width and the greater the depositional thickness of the Wenjiagully debris-flow dam calculated by the model are − 2.07%, -5.85% and − 6.40%, respectively, which clearly demonstrated the feasibility of the model. A parametric sensitivity analysis was conducted on the factors influencing the elements of the depositional pattern and the size of the depositional volume of the debris-flow dam. Depositional distance and thickness were positively correlated with rainfall intensity, debris-flow trench catchment area and trench slope and negatively correlated with geotechnical particle density and geotechnical mean particle size; depositional width and volume were positively correlated with rainfall intensity and debris-flow trench catchment area and negatively correlated with trench slope, geotechnical particle density and geotechnical mean particle size before being positively correlated. The proposed model has implications for assessing the possibility of complete blockage of the river by debris-flow fans and formulating corresponding disaster prevention and mitigation measures.
Question-Based Computational Language Approach Outperforms Rating Scales in Quantifying Emotional States
Authors: Sikström Sverker , Valavičiūtė Ieva , Kuusela Inari , Evors Nicole
Published: August 2023

Psychological constructs are commonly quantiﬁed with closed-ended rating scales, however, recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) allow for quantiﬁcation of open-ended language responses with unprecedented accuracy. We demonstrate that specific open-ended question analyzed by natural language processing (NLP) shows higher accuracy in categorizing emotional states compared to traditional rating scales. One group of participants (N = 297) was asked to generate narratives related to four emotions; depression, anxiety, satisfaction, or harmony. The second group of participants (N = 434), read the narratives produced by the ﬁrst group. Both groups summarized the narratives in ﬁve descriptive words and rated the narratives on four rating scales commonly used to measure these emotions. The descriptive words were quantiﬁed by NLP methods and machine learning was used to categorize the responses into the corresponding emotional categories. The results showed a substantially higher number of accurate categorizations of the narratives based on descriptive words (64%) than on rating scales (44%), indicating that semantic measures have signiﬁcantly higher predictive accuracy than the corresponding four rating scales. These findings are important, as it contradicts the commonly held view that rating scales have higher accuracy in quantifying mental states than language-based measures.
Top-down mass spectrometry of native proteoforms and their complexes: A community study
Authors: Lermyte Frederik , Habeck Tanja , Brown Kyle , Des Soye Benjamin , Lantz Carter , Zhou Mowei , Alam Novera , Hossain Md Amin , Jung Wonhyeuk , Keener James , Volny Michael , Wilson Jesse , Ying Yujia , Agar Jeffrey , Danis Paul , Ge Ying , Kelleher Neil , Li Huilin , Loo Joseph , Marty Michael , Pasa-Tolic Ljiljana , Sandoval Wendy
Published: August 2023

The combination of native electrospray ionisation with top-down fragmentation in mass spectrometry allows simultaneous determination of the stoichiometry of noncovalent complexes and identification of their component proteoforms and co-factors. While this approach is powerful, both native mass spectrometry and top-down mass spectrometry are not yet well standardised, and only a limited number of laboratories regularly carry out this type of research. To address this challenge, the Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics (CTDP) initiated a study to develop and test protocols for native mass spectrometry combined with top-down fragmentation of proteins and protein complexes across eleven instruments in nine laboratories. The outcomes are summarised in this report to provide robust benchmarks and a valuable entry point for the scientific community.
Evidence against stimulus-effect priming as the source of modality pairing effects in task-switching
Authors: Schacherer Jonathan , Hazeltine Eliot
Published: August 2023

Task-switch costs are affected by the pairings of stimulus and response modalities. For example, switch costs are reduced when switching between visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks compared to switching between visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks. These modality pairing effects are generally interpreted as reflecting increased crosstalk between the stimuli and response-related action effects for the two tasks. However, the exact mechanism by which this crosstalk operates—stimulus-effect priming or conflict between central operations—is unclear. In four experiments, we manipulated the modality compatibility between stimuli and experimentally-induced action effects, such that tasks overlapped in the stimulus modalities, effect modalities, both, or neither. Experiment 1 conceptually replicated prior reports of modality pairing effects in task-switching in which switch costs were reduced when similar stimulus and effect modalities were encapsulated within tasks. In Experiments 2a, 2b, and 3, symmetrical switch costs across tasks provided evidence against the stimulus-effect priming account, instead suggesting that modality pairing effects stem from interference between the representations engaged by central operations. These results help to characterize the mechanism underlying modality pairing effects in task-switching and add to a growing body of work illustrating how relationships between stimuli and response-related action effects influence response selection processes.
Season and depth differences of soil moisture use for tree growth across wet and dry gradients in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Qian , Jiao Liang , Xue Ruhong , Chen Xichen , Zhang Peng , Wang Xuge , Yuan Xin
Published: August 2023

Soil moisture has an important influence on tree growth in climate-sensitive regions. However, the seasonality of soil moisture utilization by trees in the Tibetan Plateau, a typical climate-sensitive region, and the mechanisms of depth of uptake are still unclear. Therefore, the spatial and temporal differences in the soil moisture use dynamics of tree growth were analyzed under wet and dry gradients on the Tibetan Plateau using tree-ring δ18O (δ18OTR). The results showed that: 1) soil moisture during the growing season was the main influencing factor on tree growth under different wet and dry gradients on the Tibetan Plateau. 2) The response of δ18OTR to soil moisture had a lag in arid areas than in wet areas. 3) In wet areas, trees absorbed the soil moisture in surface, while absorbed the soil moisture in deep in arid areas. And meanwhile, trees could develop more lateral and deep root systems using soil moisture from all soil layers to cope with climatic stress. In the future, more lateral and deep root systems of trees will be better suited to survive in complex habitats on the Tibetan Plateau, and that monitoring of trees in single water use areas should be enhanced. Further, it is of great significance to study soil water use strategies of tree growth under different wet and dry gradients for predicting forest ecosystem changes in complex environments.
Deciphering core microbiomes and community assembly of table grapes
Authors: Xie Muxi , Jia Jiyu , Luan Dongdong , Li Ruipeng , Zhang Jiangzhou , Zhang Junling
Published: August 2023

Aims
Understanding the assemblage of microbial communities is important for the health maintenance and post-harvest quality of fruit crops. However, systematic studies on the core microbiomes of table grapes and microbial community assembly of soil-plant continuum are still rare.
Methods
We collected samples from different compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil of new roots and old roots, endosphere of new and old roots, and the endosphere of leaves and fruits) of five table grape varieties of Victoria, Balado Black, Fujimino, Jingya and Kyoho at the swelling stage and harvest stage. Microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA high-throughput sequencing.
Results
The compartment was the major factor attributable to the variations in both bacterial and fungal communities. The alpha-diversity of both bacterial and fungal community decreased significantly along the compartment continuum from soil to fruit endosphere, but did not differ among the five varieties across all samples. We used the occupancy-abundance distribution to define core microbiomes for rhizosphere soil and endosphere. Functional annotations of the rhizospheric core bacteria were mainly associated with the redox process, while endophytic bacteria were mainly fermentative and symbiotic. Rhizospheric core fungi were saprophytic and the endophytic fungi were putatively pathogens. The null models indicated that the relative contribution of deterministic processes especially homogeneous selection gradually increased along the soil-plant continuum.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight niche-specific microbial communities are observed in different grape varieties. The deterministic processes contribute more to the assembly of microbial communities in the aboveground than in the belowground.
Exploring study for inverted planer perovskite solar cell: impact of PANI:PSS as a hole transport material
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed , yasin shadi , Waar Ziad Abu
Published: August 2023

This study explores the impact of PANI:PSS as a hole transport material in the perovskite based solar cell. This impact is tracked by numerical analysis using the one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The effect of tuning several physical parameters of PANI:PSS, such as charge carrier density, charge carrier mobility, and defect density, on the solar cell performance, were analyzed and discussed. In addition, the role of the shunt and series resistance is investigated. The initial obtained power conversion efficiency is 4.94%, which agrees well with the reported experimental results in the literature. Increasing the charge carrier density of PANI:PSS from \(1\times {10}^{12}\) cm-3 to 1\(\times {10}^{22}\) cm-3 paved the solar cell toward high performance revealing \({V}_{OC}\) of 0.7 V, \({J}_{SC}\) of 21.7 mA/cm2, FF of 43% and \(PCE\) of 7.44%. Increasing the charge carrier mobility of PANI:PSS implied undesirable performance, with a stable performance above mobility of 50 cm2/Vs. The high defect density of PANI-PSS showed a harsh effect on the device performance. The efficiency decreased by 62% upon increasing the defect density from \(1\times {10}^{13}\) cm-3 to 1\(\times {10}^{22}\) cm-3. Finally, increasing the shunt resistance of the device is found to promote the cell’s performance. This could be due to the creation of alternative paths for the photogenerated charge carriers. Conversely, a huge drop in the solar cell performance is found upon increasing the series resistance due to a reduction of the current flow due to increasing the recombination rate.
Increased Level of Serum Leucine-Rich-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1 in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nakanishi Shotaro , Goya Masato , Suda Tetsuji , Yonamine Tomoko , Sugawa Ai , Saito Seiichi
Published: August 2023

Background
There are currently no useful serum markers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Therefore, early detection may be difficult because diagnosis is based only on imaging tests. There is also the problem of radiation exposure because multiple CT examinations are required to follow up on the course of treatment. In addition, the histological types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are roughly divided into ccRCC and non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC), but the treatment response to medications differs between the two, and it is important to distinguish between them. Therefore, we aimed to find a novel serum marker for RCC.
Methods
We measured the serum level of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in 64 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and 22 patients with non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, as well as 63 patients without cancer, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Median values of serum LRG1 and their inter-quartile ranges were 63.2 (42.8–94.2) µg/mL in ccRCC, 23.4 (17.7–29.6) µg/mL in non-ccRCC, and 36.0 (23.7–56.7) µg/mL in patients without cancer, respectively (ccRCC vs. non-ccRCC or patients without cancer: P < 0.001). In ccRCC, C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.0015), anaemia (P = 0.0368), hypercalcemia (P = 0.0233), and grade (P = 0.0315) were independent predictors of serum LRG1 levels. To assess diagnostic performance, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum LRG1 was used to differentiate ccRCC from non-cancer and non-ccRCC, yielding values of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.6439–0.8169) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.8195–0.9614), respectively.
Conclusions
LRG1 is a serum marker associated with inflammation as indicated by CRP, anaemia and hypercalcemia, and malignant potential in ccRCC. Clinically, the serum level of LRG1 may help differentiate ccRCC from non-ccRCC with excellent diagnostic accuracy.
Wet Deposition of Total Nitrogen, Dissolved Organic Carbon and Heavy Metals Investigating Role of Long-Range Transport at Two Sites in Delhi
Authors: Kanojia Sunaina , Kulshrestha Umesh Chandra
Published: August 2023

Precipitation is one of the significant phenomena for various nitrogen, carbon and metal fractions depositions. In the current study, Total nitrogen (TN), Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and metal concentrations were measured during different seasons in 2018 and 2019 to find out their potential sources at two sites in Delhi region having distinct land use pattern. The total nitrogen (TN) mean concentration was found to be 16 mg/l and 7 mg/l for DG and JN site respectively. Whereas the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mean concentration was found to be 3.8 mg/l and 2.5 mg/l at DG and JN site respectively. The sequence for the metal concentrations was recorded as Ca>Na>K>Mg> Fe>Al>Cu>Mn>Zn>As for DG site whereas at JN site recorded different sequence i.e., Ca> Na> K>Mg>Fe>Al>Mn>Zn>Cu>As. Different source can be attributed to the influence of anthropogenic activities (agriculture, animal husbandry) on nitrogenous species and biomass burning on dissolved organic carbon species. The wind rose plots indicated that local and regional sources located in the north-western direction influenced the wet deposition of the species while air-mass back trajectory analysis implied the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal, This study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the Delhi region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.
An improved Shapley value algorithm based on fuzzy interval number
Authors: Xia Caoli , zhu Shijie , Wang Tonghui , Wei Guo
Published: August 2023

The unreasonable benefit distribution, which is often affected by uncertain factors, will affect the stability of the alliance. In this paper, an improved Shapley value algorithm with fuzzy interval number is designed to solve this problem. First, a competitive cooperative alliance with network architecture is constructed. Second, considering the uncertainty of alliance returns, an interval return function is established by using triangular fuzzy number. Third, weights of participants are changed by the improved coefficient of variation method combined with fuzzy interval number Shapley value, so that the stability evaluation of different methods is given. For the illustration of our new method, called coefficient of variation and shapley value (CV-SV) method. Last, a real data application is applied for numerical verification of our new method. The results show that both the individual marginal contribution rate and individual characteristics of each participant (participating in alliance cooperation) are considered in the new method, so it is more reasonable and stable
A critical examination of crop-yield data on vegetables, maize (Zea mays L) and tea (Camellia sinensis) for Sri Lankan biofilm biofertilizers
Authors: Dharma-wardana M. W. C. , Waidyanatha Parakrama , Renuka K. A. , Abeysiriwardena D. Sumith S. , Marambe Buddhi
Published: August 2023

With increasing global interest in microbial methods for agriculture, the commercialization of biofertilizers in Sri Lanka is of general interest. The use of a biofilm-biofertilizer (BFBF) commercialized in Sri Lanka is claimed to reduce chemical fertilizer (CF) usage by ~ 50% while boosting harvest by 20–30%. Many countries have explored the potential of biofilm biofertilizers, but have so far found mixed results. Here we review the BFBF commercialized in Sri Lanka and approved for national use. We show in detail that the improved yields claimed for this BFBF fall within the uncertainties (error bars) of the harvest. Theoretical models that produce a seemingly reduced CF scenario with an “increase” in harvests, although this is in fact not so, are presented. While BFBF usage seems to improve soil quality in some instances, the currently available BFBF promoted in Sri Lanka appears to have negligible impact on crop yields. We also briefly consider the potentially negative effects of large-scale adoption of microbial methods. The manner whereby a poorly-tested but product of biotechnology gained government and institutional acceptance is of global relevance in the rush to adopt new climate-mitigating technologies.
Inference on a Zero-inflated Bivariate Binomial Distribution Applicable to Baseball Data
Authors: Kim Seong , Kim Kipum , Lee Jaeyong , Hwang Beom Seuk
Published: August 2023

It is common to encounter situations where two success probabilities are parameters of interest based on nested (two-stage) binary data that commonly occur in sports data. Under these circumstances two correlated and nested binomial random variables can be utilized for analysis. Analysis of discrete count data with excessive zeros has been developed using different zero-inflated statistical models that allow for frequent zero-valued observations. The zero-inflated binomial distribution is one of the models that can be adequate when the underlying data generation of non-zero values is based on a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials. In this article, we propose a zero-inflated bivariate binomial distribution that can be applied to nested bivariate data when both components are zero-inflated. Some theoretical properties of the model are investigated and default Bayesian procedures regarding prior elicitation are also addressed. Moreover, the Bayesian predictive distribution is derived based on a three-fold distribution to see how a future observation behaves. Extensive simulation studies are performed to support the theoretical results, and real datasets for Major League Baseball players are analyzed to illustrate the methodology developed in this paper.