bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of knowledge and practices of urban population regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Bikaner, Rajasthan
Authors: Pareek Shatrughan , Kaushik Narendra Kumar , Verma Diwakar , Pareek Anupam , Ramawat Yashawant , Kumawat Nitesh , Kumar Nitesh , Kumawat Suman
Published: July 2020

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is declared pandemic by the WHO.  It is a very contagious disease. The global mortality rate of Corona virus disease is around 3.1%. The study was conducted with aim to assess the knowledge and practices towards Corona virus disease among urban population. Awareness towards the disease is important for prevention and control.Methods: The research design was community based descriptive cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in selected urban communities of Bikaner district, Rajasthan. A structured knowledge questionnaire and Practice scale were distributed to subjects from March 2020 to April 2020. In present study, 327 subjects were included in the study by random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0.Results: In the present study, 56.27% were male and 43.73% were female. Nearly 70% participants were graduate and above in educational status. In present study, mostly subjects (76%) have average to good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19. Finding of the study suggests that there was a weak correlation between knowledge and practices of urban people towards corona virus infection. The correlation was not significant (p value=0.1976) at 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that knowledge has association with only educational qualification and gender shown association with practices of urban population.Conclusions: Knowledge and practices among population towards the disease are crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality due to the disease. The people have knowledge towards corona virus infection but they are not implementing it into practice.
Knowledge, attitude and practice among diabetic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Polineni Vindhya , Acharya Supriya
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which has become the epidemic of the 21st century.  According to WHO 1.6 million deaths were estimated to be directly caused by diabetes in the year 2016 and attributed to be the seventh leading cause of death in the world. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice about diabetic care among the diabetic patient, and to assess the association between KAP of diabetic care and socio-demographic factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study was done with purposive sampling for 4 months, on 62 sample size. Data collection tool was the KAP questionnaire which was adapted a study by Herath HMM.Results: Out of 66 participants, 34 (51.5%) had good knowledge about diabetes, 27 (40.9%) and 5 had poor knowledge (7.6%), 16 had positive attitude about diabetes care (24.2%) and 50 (75.8%) had negative attitude, 47 had good practice about diabetes care (71.2%) and 19 (28.8%) of them had bad practice.Conclusions: Though majority of the study participants had good to moderate knowledge (92.4%), their attitude was negative (75.8%) and the knowledge level did not fully reflect into the attitude and practices (71.2%). This suggests there is a gap in the knowledge, attitude and practice.
Epidemiological characteristics, clinical profile and nutritional status of hospitalized under five children
Authors: Ahmad Kamran , Faridi M. M. A. , Srivastava Geetika
Published: July 2020

Background: Malnutrition accounts for 68.2% of the total under-5 deaths in India, and is an important underlying risk factor for morbidity in all ages, responsible for 17.3% of the total disability-adjusted life years. Objective was to find out prevalence of moderate to severe acute malnutrition in hospitalized under 5 children and to find out socio-epidemiological characteristics and disease profile in the same group.Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital on hospitalized children aged 6 months to 5 years. After obtaining informed consent and detail history including epidemiological profile, complete physical examination and anthropometry were recorded. WHO criteria were used for nutritional assessment. Disease profile of the patients was recorded.Results: A total of 230 children were enrolled. Male: Female ratio was 1.64:1; total 153 (66.5%) children were malnourished. The prevalence of MAM and SAM was 28.7% and 20% respectively. Most common diseases were acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia. More than 80% children exhibited anemia. Low birth weight, higher birth order, incomplete immunization, lower socioeconomic status, lower maternal literacy and faulty feeding practices were significantly associated with malnutrition.Conclusions: About 2/3rd admitted children were malnourished and 20% were suffering from SAM. Acute gastroenteritis and pneumonia were most common diseases. There was strong need to educate the family specially mother about nutritional needs of the child. Parents must be counselled about the importance of birth spacing, family planning, immunization and exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age.
A cross sectional study on prescribing pattern for children at primary health care clinics
Authors: Jorige Archana , B. Lohitha , S. L. Lavanya
Published: July 2020

Background: Rational prescribing for pediatrics is very essential as there is increased risk from the use of medicines in them due to multiple reasons ranging from altered pharmacokinetics to long-term side effects. Drug related needs of children must be assessed on individual basis to meet appropriate health care out comes. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing drug use pattern and rationality in prescribing pattern as per World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators.Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in private primary health care clinics of Hyderabad, Telangana State. A total number of 300 prescriptions for children were reviewed. Patients' demographic characters, diagnosis, and drugs prescribed were recorded in a pre-structured and validated data collection form.Results: Average number of drugs per prescription is 1.92. Fever and upper respiratory tract infections were found to be common complaints in this age group. Paracetamol is the mostly prescribed medication and among prescribed antibiotics, Fluroquinolones occupied major part. 67.3% of drugs were from the WHO model list of essential medicines for children. The percentage of drugs prescribed with generic names is very less.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prescription pattern in the selected primary healthcare centers in Hyderabad was in compliance with the WHO prescribing indicators except the generic prescribing practice.
Prevalence, pattern and determinants of tobacco use among persons of tribal origin in a primary care centre in Wayanad, Kerala
Authors: Javed Reshma , Dinesh Avani , S. Aswathy , Vasudevan Sanjeev , Mathew Minumaria , Reynold Shelton
Published: July 2020

Background: Persons of tribal origin account for over a quarter of India’s poorest people and also have a higher burden of disease attributable to adverse effects of tobacco use. Therefore, this study was planned in a health facility in Wayanad District to assess prevalence, pattern and determinants of tobacco use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the persons of tribal origin by interview method using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire in a primary care facility in Wayanad, Kerala. Minimum sample size was calculated to be 140; 524 persons of tribal origin were enrolled. The chi-square test, logistic regression was used to determine association between qualitative variables.Results: Mean age of respondents was 42.52±16.95 years. The proportion of current tobacco users was found to be 39.1% (95% CI 34.9-43.4). Majority of respondents (90.2%) chewed tobacco, only 5.2% were smokers and 0.2% used other forms such as snuff. Of the tobacco users 81.95% had considered quitting. One in five persons, 19.9% used tobacco within 30 minutes of waking up. By logistic regression, men were found to be 2.59 times (95% CI 1.69, 3.97; p<0.001), illiterates 2.25 times (95% CI 1.51, .35; <0.001) and Paniya group 2.36 times (95% CI 1.6, 3.48) more likely to use tobacco.Conclusions: A high prevalence of tobacco use, early initiation and dependency, are a challenge to tobacco control among the socially and economically vulnerable indigenous people. However, the desire and attempts made to quit tobacco can be leveraged for harm reduction and tobacco cessation among males, Paniyas and illiterate people.
Comparative study of diabetic self-care management “educational intervention among family members on diabetic individuals”, in rural field practicing area, a cluster randomization study
Authors: Kudachi Hanumanthappa , Gonibeedu Venkatesh , Ramappa Suresh , Muniswamy Sundar
Published: July 2020

Background: To achieve optimal blood glucose levels educating diabetic patient alone may not be sufficient but the entire family must have access to proven preventive measure. The present study was done to assess the outcome of self-care management practices educational intervention among family member on diabetic individuals.Methods: This prospective interventional cluster randomization study was conducted in rural field practice area, attached to department of Community medicine of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences. Clusters were formed among the population based on the sub-centres and four clusters were randomly selected. Two clusters were assigned for family intervention and two clusters with individual intervention.Results: Consuming 5 or more serving of fruits and vegetables for more than 5 days a week, increased in the FIC after education and the difference in increase was statistically significant (p<0.02). Physical activity with specific exercise sessions increase after the intervention and the increase was statistically significant in the FIC (p<0.08).  Adherence to medication and testing attained statistically significant increase in the FIC. Also washing of foot daily with luke-warm water increase was statistically significant in both the Intervention Clusters (p<0.0002). On subsequent follow up there was a significant improvement in BMI of family intervention cluster (p<0.03) as compared to individual intervention cluster.Conclusions: Health education intervention activity at the community involving the supportive members of the family can drive-in to bring about behavioural change in the desired direction.
A cross sectional study of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding rabies and its management among attendees of anti-rabies clinic of tertiary care hospital of central India
Authors: Jadhao Ashok , Mamilwar Monali
Published: July 2020

Background: Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease which affects all warm-blooded animals. Human infection usually occurs following transdermal bite or scratch by infected animal. Rabies is fatal but preventable disease. Around the world, knowledge, attitude and practices studies about rabies have been widely used to understand disease and preventive measures.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti- rabies clinic of the tertiary care hospital of central India from January 2020 to March 2020. Data was collected using pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire from 424 participants. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied.Results: A total 424 attendees participated in our study. Mean age of participant was 35.94 (±15.3) years, 60.37% were male and 39.63% were female. Overall, 53.77% of participants had adequate knowledge and 60.38% had positive attitude and 68.63% had adopted adequate practices towards rabies. A significant association was found between knowledge score and age, gender, education and occupation. Attitude score was significantly associated with age, gender, occupation and education. A significant association was found between practice score and age, gender and education.Conclusions: The study showed that majority of participant had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and adopted appropriate practices about rabies. However there exists some knowledge gaps among participants on treatment and preventive measures. Their knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to prevention and management of rabies can be improved by providing proper health education.
A cross-sectional study to assess the awareness of hepatitis B virus infection in auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dhutraj Pooja G. , Pol Sujata S. , Mahajan Harshalkumar N. , Chavhan Swati S.
Published: July 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV and this communicable disease can be prevented by vaccination. Auxiliary staff (class IV workers) of a hospital is one of the most important health workers who work at ground level and are directly or indirectly exposed to blood and body fluids in the course of their work and therefore are at high risk of infection with blood-borne pathogens. They are expected to have an optimum level of awareness toward HBV infection. This study was conducted with the aim to study the awareness about HBV infection, and its transmission, vaccination and protective practices among auxiliary staff.Methods: A cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out in 220 auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, using a pretested, pre-validated questionnaire.Results: Out of 220 respondents 146 had heard about HBV infection. Out of 146 respondents, 89 were aware about >1 routes of transmission, 135 heard about vaccination and 70 had taken 3 doses of vaccination. Almost all took protective measures at work-place.Conclusions: The results showed that respondents had inadequate awareness about of HBV infection, routes of transmission and vaccination.
A study of trend of incidence of dengue cases attending a tertiary care hospital in urban Maharashtra
Authors: Shankar Prerna , Nair Anand
Published: July 2020

Background: Presently, dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world. The burden of the disease has drastically risen over the years with over 70% contributed by the Asia region. India is endemic to the disease and all four serotypes of the virus have been isolated from the country. This study aimed to describe the trends of incidence of dengue cases at a tertiary care hospital in urban Maharashtra.Methods: Retrospective data analysis with respect to admitted dengue cases in the preceding five years was carried out from the records available at the hospital. Year-wise trend as well as correlation with average monthly rainfall were also analysed.Results: The number of admitted cases of dengue showed a rising trend which was statistically significant. The study brought forth a change in the seasonality of occurrence of cases. The number of cases also showed a positive and statistically significant correlation with the monthly average rainfall in the Madhya Maharashtra region.Conclusions: There is evidence for an increase in the burden of dengue. With the overall number, there is also change in seasonality of the disease, indicating a requirement of control measures to be instituted earlier than the usual pre-monsoon period. The rising burden will pose a public health challenge and requires tailormade remedial activities taking into consideration various factors associated.
Assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in bachelors of computer science students using global physical activity questionnaire version 2: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shah Juhi Nilesh , Berry Aditi Ketkar
Published: July 2020

Background: Physical activity has been determined as primary prevention strategy against 35 chronic conditions. Lack of physical activity, improper diet and increase in the use of computer has various health hazards. Considering that the bachelor of computer science students will mostly have sedentary work profile, once they enter the professional world, the objective of the present study was to assess their physical activity level using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 355 participants, 244 males and 111 females, from an institution catering bachelors of computer science course using GPAQ questionnaire. The data was analyzed to see if they meet the criteria set by World Health organization (WHO) and were classified into categories on basis of MET minute/week. The average time spent in sitting position was also calculated.Results: At work, 19.15% study participants were moderately active; in travel domain 64.5% were active, in leisure domain 43.94% were vigorously while 41.4% were moderately active. 73.23% of study participants met the WHO set criteria. 26.76% participants were inactive, 62.53% low active, 10.14% moderate active while only 0.81% was highly active. Average time spent in sitting was around 9 hours.Conclusions: Even though 73.23% of study participants met the criteria, most of the participants had low level of physical activity, thus there is huge scope for improvement in it. They also need to be educated regarding the risks of sedentary behaviour which will further help to reduce the hazards related to physical inactivity.
A community-based study to estimate the contraceptive prevalence rate among the women of reproductive age group in rural North India
Authors: Thakur Anita , Gupta Anmol K. , Chauhan Tripti , Chauhan Nidhi
Published: July 2020

Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from September to December 2019, with sample size of 316. The eligible participants were administered a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group 15-49 years. Male condom 36%, followed by female sterilization 30% were the most common methods preferred.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity.
Chronic rhinosinusitis - clinico microbiological profile: a review
Authors: Munjal Manish , Munjal Shubham , Gupta Devyani , Gupta Siddharth
Published: July 2020

The inhaled air at extremes of temperature or sometimes laden with animate aero-pathogens or maybe inanimate aero-allergens, induces a mechanical, thermal or infective trauma respectively, on the nasal and the sinus mucosa. The rhino-sinusitis acute or chronic has multiple underlying aetiologies and presentations. The aetiological factors and primarily the microorganisms show a shift with time. Viruses, aerobic and anerobic bacteria are cultured in individuals with varying levels of immunity.
Evidence based practice a viable tool to manage the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mehwish Syeda , Khan Sheharyar , Choudry Erum , Mahmood Syed Uzair , Mulla Aisha Yaqub , Imam Salma Zahir
Published: July 2020

Evidence based practice is the steps taken for precaution, treatment and intervention of a disease that is dictated by the previous studies. The data collected by the predecessors who observed the initiation, progression and the termination or cure of a disease would be the guidance to future treatment. Years of trials and tests are done to determine the timeline of a disease and its termination, along with the effects that it leaves behind in long term. These facts and figures are important evidence to the future treatments. The idea of evidence based practice was coined in the late 1970s. It dictates that the care of patients done based on the evidence provided by the previous studies results in better recovery of the patients and less load on the healthcare system. This system is supposed to be efficient and provide the basic guidelines for the healthcare workers with a concrete basis for their work. The patients treated under evidence based practice ideally have a higher chance of survival than those who are treated without it. COVID-19 being a new disease has lack of previously accumulated evidence to support any treatment regimen that can ease the symptoms. Most of the treatments are based on recent trials and tests which are helping but in a limited scope.
Candidates for treatment of COVID-19: current scenario and way forwards
Authors: Bashar M. Abu
Published: July 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic affecting 215 countries. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 15,000,000 patients and associated with over 1,00,000 deaths globally (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). In this review, we herein summarize the current evidence as on May 15, 2020 to provide guidance on potentially beneficial drugs in COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis, their scientific rationale and their clinical efficacy and safety. New data continue to emerge daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for many potential therapeutic agents is still under investigation.
Factors influencing COVID-19 case burden and fatality rates findings from secondary data analysis of major urban agglomerations in India
Authors: Suryawanshi Deodatt M. , Venugopal Raghuram , Goyal Ramchandra
Published: July 2020

In December 2019, SARS COV-2 which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan achieved pandemic proportions and spread rapidly to countries through International air traffic causing acute respiratory infection and deaths. Presence of International airports, demography, health financing and human developments factors were assumed to influence COVID-19 cases burden and case fatality rate (CFR). So, this study was undertaken to find a association between these factors and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The study used 48 districts using purposive sampling as proxy for cities and used secondary data analysis. Data was obtained for various variables like demographic, Health Financing, Indices and Testing infrastructure, COVID cases burden and case fatality from trusted sources. Descriptive statistics correlational statistics using Pearsons coefficient students T was used to describe, correlate and find significant difference in the data. The analysis found a significant difference between COVID cases burden in districts with International Airports (p<0.039) and those without it. Positive correlation of population density (r=0.65) with COVID-19 case burden and negative correlation of case fatality rate with NITI Aayogs health index (r=-0.12), human development index (HDI) (r=-0.18), per-capita expenditure on health (r=-0.072) and a correlation of r=0.16 was observed for gross state domestic product. Decongestion of cities through perspective urban planning is the need of the hour. Stricter quarantine measures in those districts with international airports can help reduce the transmission. Negative correlation of HDI and NITI Aayogs health index with CFR emphasizes the importance of improvements in social determinants of health.
Why there are and will be less deaths in India due to COVID-19: an insight
Authors: Vasantrao Chincholikar Sanjeev
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization which exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and spread rapidly across countries. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Climate, with temperature, humidity, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, immune status of persons, elderly people, uncontrolled co morbid conditions like heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney diseases seems to play an important role in spread and severity of corona virus infection. As reported from MOHFW website, the COVID-19 deaths are more in above 60 years of age with comorbidities cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.
COVID-19 outbreak containment poises on the sensitivity and specificity of the quick COVID-19 tests
Authors: Sreedharan Jayadevan , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary , Nair Satish Chandrasekhar
Published: July 2020

In the event of a pandemic such as COVID-19, past knowledge indicates that primordial prevention and primary prevention are imperative. Social distancing, respiratory etiquette, masking, and handwashing has proven to mitigate COVID-19 risk factors. Rampant population testing for COVID-19 will complement the prevention and is therefore at increased demand to identify and isolate those that may be asymptomatic and others that have recovered. Serology tests or the quick COVID-19 tests can help to identify exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent immune response.
COVID-19 and mental health
Authors: Dutta Gitashree , Kumar Tarun
Published: July 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) considered the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 2020 and finally on March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic.
Client cum domain segmentation approach for sustaining essential commodities supply system in Indian states/UTs under lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaur Ishwarpreet , Singh Amarjeet
Published: July 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) declared corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on 11 March 2020. A disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Worldwide more than 100 countries are affected by it, with 2,878,196 confirmed cases (as per WHO situational report 27 April 2020).  In India, the confirmed cases so far are 29,435 and 934 deceased (as on 28 April 2020). The spread of virus is postulated to be in stage.
A PERSISTENTE EXPLORAÇÃO DO TRABALHO INFANTIL NA AMÉRICA LATINA E A FALÁCIA DA ERRADICAÇÃO
Authors: Vaz Lira Terçália Suassuna
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma análise das determinações presentes na persistente exploração do trabalho infantil na América Latina. O estudo tem como centro de análise os elementos que configuram o trabalho infantil no cenário econômico e político latino-americano e o contexto atual de crise do capitalismo mundial e suas implicações, e na contramão do processo o discurso da erradicação do trabalho infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, resultado da tese de doutoramento. A problemática do trabalho infantil vem sendo tratada como uma das expressões mais cruéis da questão social e da violação de direitos humanos fundamentais, o que vem gerando indignação e alavancando um discurso cujo objetivo é a sua erradicação.  Destaca que o legal por si só não garante a efetivação dos direitos, pois sua efetivação não está determinada unicamente por um arcabouço jurídico-institucional, mas encontra-se  vinculada à ordem econômica e social determinada pela ordem do capital, e que no atual cenário de precarização do trabalho, aumento do  desemprego e da pauperização crescente da classe trabalhadora,  o discurso da erradicação do trabalho infantil na América Latina neste contexto é uma mera falácia.
TRATAMENTO DIFERENCIADO PARA MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS NAS COMPRAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Picchiai Djair , De França Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2020

Este artigo trata da participação das micro e pequenas empresas nas compras públicas. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em investigar o impacto e como os benefícios da lei nº 123/2006 favorecem o desempenho das MPEs nas compras públicas por meio do tratamento diferenciado. A pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, os dados foram coletados em fontes primárias por meio de questionário com perguntas fechadas em quarenta e duas MPEs participantes. Empregou-se estatística descritiva e utilizou-se o estudo de caso como enfoque metodológico. Os resultados do estudo indicam que os benefícios da lei nº 123/2006 impactam e favorecem o desempenho das MPEs nas compras públicas. Constatou-se que os benefícios da lei nº 123/2006 impactam e favorecem o desempenho das MPEs; cujo benefício do tratamento diferenciado por meio do empate ficto se constitui em um instrumento competitivo, relevante. Estimula as MPEs nas compras públicas, pois aumenta a possibilidade de competir com as empresas de médio e grande porte, tornando-se eficaz nos resultados das MPEs nas compras públicas. Concluiu-se que alterações na legislação com o aumento do limite para licitações exclusivas às MPEs e no percentual do tratamento diferenciado por meio do empate ficto, poderá contribuir para melhoria da competitividade das MPEs nas compras públicas.
DISCLOSURE DOS ATIVOS INTANGÍVEIS NA ÁREA DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO NAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA E EURONEXT
Authors: Almeida Mariana Silva , Andrade Douglas Santos de , Silva Emerson Gonzaga da , Silva Roseane Patricia de Araújo
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar o disclosure dos ativos intangíveis na área de TI nas empresas listadas na B3 e EURONEXT. Quanto aos seus objetivos, a pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva; no que se refere aos seus procedimentos, documental indireta bibliográfica; e já com relação a sua abordagem, de natureza qualitativa. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa com base nas demonstrações financeiras e nas notas explicativas das 11 empresas analisadas, sendo 6 delas brasileiras e 5 portuguesas que foram divulgadas no ano de 2015, referentes ao exercício de 2014. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que mesmo as empresas atuando no mesmo segmento e em consonância com as International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), ainda ocorrem significativas discrepâncias nas demonstrações contábeis. Verificou-se também a utilização de várias nomenclaturas para o ativo estudado, uma fragilidade no disclosure das empresas listadas, interferências por estarem enquadradas como sistema Code Law, a amortização e o Impairment Test (IT) dos incorpóreos pesquisados. Diante dos resultados da pesquisa, nota-se que é preciso avançar no processo de convergência, já que em alguns casos, é evidente a fragilidade da qualidade de suas informações.
Assessment of Vitamin D3 Levels and Metabolic Profile in Pre-diabetic and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient of Kanpur City- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Tripathi Prashant , Mishra Malvika , Gautam Kirti Amresh , Jain Arisht , Agarwal Saurabh
Published: July 2020

Objective: It has been explored that Vitamin D play role in various non-skeletal disorders including Diabetes Mellitus. The present study was designed with the aim to assess association among control, pre-diabetic and diabetic with vitamin D and association between lipid profile and vitamin D.
Materials and Methods: A total of 109 subjects were recruited for the cross-sectional study including 37 as control, 41 pre-diabetic and 31 diabetic. A clinical examination was done for all the groups including fasting samples (12hrs) for lipid parameters, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level and (HbA1/C).
Results: It was found that in control subjects 37.9% have the sufficient vitamin D3 level whereas 17.1% subjects in pre-diabetic, 16.6% in diabetic with good glycemic control and no subject was found to have sufficient vitamin D3 level in diabetic with poor glycemic control. The mean vitamin D3 levels was highest in control i.e. -26.53±11.99 ng/ml followed by 20.23±4.12ng/ml in prediabetics,19.07±8.01ng/ml in diabetics with good glycemic control and 12.92±6.77ng/ml in diabetics with poor glycemic control. HBA1/c and serum vitamin D3level share a significant association (P-value< 0.01).Total cholesterol (P-value< 0.0), serum triglyceride (P-value< 0.01), serum LDL cholesterol (P-value< 0.01) and serum VLDL (P-value< 0.01) had inverse association with vitamin D levels. HDL cholesterol has no effect with vitamin D.
Conclusion: The present study showed vitamin D3 deficiency as a risk factor for worsening glycemic control and dyslipidemia.
The Effect of Resistance Training on G6Pase Gene Expression in Liver Hepatocytes, Glucose and Insulin Resistance Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shokrolahi Ardakani Ahmad , Abednatanzi Hossein , Gholami Mandana , Shakeri Nader
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks resistance training on G6Pase expression in liver cells, as well as glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 wistar rats were selected as the research sample. After injection of nicotinamide and streptozocin to induce diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into two groups of resistance training and control. The resistance group participated in a course of resistance training for up to 12 week in five sessions per week, with intensity of 75% and a time of 30 to 45 minutes. Finally, 48 hours after the last exercise session, G6Pase expression in liver cells, as well as glucose and insulin levels were measured in both groups.
Results: Comparison of resistance and control training groups showed a decrease in glucose levels (P-value= 0.001) and increased insulin levels (P-value= 0.001). Exercise also reduced the expression of G6Pase in liver cells in the resistance training group (P-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that diabetics use resistance training under the supervision of a specialist to reduce the negative effects of diabetes.
Effect of Aerobic Training and L-Carnitine Supplementation on Hepatic Oxidative Stress Factors in Diabetic Rat
Authors: Jabbari SeyedEsmaeil , Gholami Mandana , Nikbakht Hojatollah , Shakeri Nader , Ghazalian Farshad
Published: July 2020

Objective: The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in food supplements and proper exercise can have a positive effect on decreasing oxidative stress by free radical hunting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Lcarnitine supplementation on some of the oxidative stress factors in the liver of diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male wistar rats (200-300 gr) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) sham group, 2) healthy control group 3) diabetic control group, 4) diabetic group receiving L-carnitine, 5) diabetic group of aerobic training, 6) diabetic group of aerobic training and receiving Lcarnitine. The aerobic exercise protocol included six weeks, five sessions per week on the treadmill. After intervention, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were determined in liver tissue.
Results: Six weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on MDA factor in hepatic tissue in diabetic rats (P-value: 0.024). However, supplementation (P-value: 0.868) and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of L-carnitine (P-value: 0.465) did not have the significant effect on MDA factor. Also, 6 weeks of aerobic training, supplementation of L-carnitine, and combined intervention had no significant effect on SOD and GPX factors of hepatic tissue in diabetic rats (P-value> 0.05).
Conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation with regular exercise can have beneficial effects on hepatic antioxidant defense system in rats with type 2 diabetes.
Vitamin D and Training Modulates Gene Expression of TLR4 and NFkB in Lung Tissue of Obese Rats in an Experimental Study
Authors: Rahimi Milad , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Peeri Maghsoud , Farzanegi Parvin
Published: July 2020

Objective: Physical exercise has different effects on oxidative stress. Oxidative stress influences TLR4 and NFkB gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and vitamin D on gene expression of TLR4 and NFkB in lung tissue of obese rats exposed to oxygenated water.
ung tissue of obese rats exposed to oxygenated water. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 obese male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, oxygenated water, oxygenated water + vitamin D, oxygenated water + aerobic training, and oxygenated water + aerobic training + vitamin D. All the rats were injected intraperitoneally with oxygenated water. Vitamin D was performed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 µg daily for eight weeks. The aerobic training protocol included 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week running on treadmill. TLR4 and NFkB gene expression of lung tissue were investigated using real time & PCR. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analysis the data. The significant level was set at Pvalue< 0.05.
Results: Aerobic training significantly reduced TLR4 expression compared with other groups (P-value: 0.046) but did not significantly affect the expression of NFkB gene (P-value: 0.261). Vitamin D alone and aerobic training and vitamin D interaction did not significantly alter the gene expression of TLR4 (P-value: 0.072 and P-value: 0.695, respectively) and NFkB (P-value: 0.243 and Pvalue:< 0.195, respectively).
Conclusion: It seems that performing aerobic training is likely to be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation compared to inactivity.
Cinnamon Extract Changes the Expression of miRNAs26-b, 29a, 223 and320 in Insulin Resistant Adipocytes
Authors: Naghiaee Yousof , Mohiti Ardakani Javad , Pourrajab Fatemeh , Rahmanian Masoud
Published: July 2020

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is the major cause in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Expression of some miRNAs can be changed in response to a drug treatment for IR, and used as the biomarker in IR. This study set out to determine the effect of cinnamon extract (cinnamaldehyde) on some miRNAs expression in IR adipocytes.
Materials and Methods: In this In-vitro study the 3T3L1 cells were expanded in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), differentiated into adipocytes phenotype and insulin resistant with high glucose medium, then the cells were treated with cinnamaldehyde. To determine of the miRNAs profiling in 3T3L1 adipocytes, insulin-resistant adipocytes and treated insulin-resistant adipocytes quantitative real-time PCR method was performed.
Results: IR adipocytes exhibited a significantly increase in miRs 29a, 223 and 320 expression, and decrease in miR26-b expression in compare to the normal adipocytes (P-value<0.001 and P-value= 0.024 respectively). However in response to cinnamaldehyde in IR adipocytes, expression of miRs 29a, 223 and 320 were down-regulated while expression of miR26-b was up-regulated neared it to the normal level (P-value= 0.003 and P-value= 0.002 respectively).
Conclusion: IR changes expression of intended miRs, so that cinnamaldehyde treatment helps to improve and normalize the changes. Cinnamon as the herbal product can be helpful for IR particular in adipose tissue.
Effects of Insulin on Fibronectin Alterations in Sciatic Nerve of Diabetic Rats-A Brief Report
Authors: Safari Manochehr , Aldaghi Niloofar , Sameni Hamid Reza , Aldaghi Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2020

Objective: Alteration in the basement membrane proteins maybe associated with diabetic neuropathy. Fibronectin is one of the most important components of peripheral nerves basement membrane. In this study we investigated the effects of insulin administration on prevention of alteration in fibronectin contents of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic and diabetic with insulin treatment groups. Three months after diabetes induction, we measured blood glucose level, body weight and then expression of fibronectin in sciatic nerves of rats were evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical study.
Results: Intensity of fibronectin immunoreactivity in the perineurium and endoneurium of sciatic nerves significantly increased in diabetic without treatment group compared to control group (P-value< 0.001).
Conclusion: This finding suggested that diabetic neuropathy resulted in increased of fibronectin contents in sciatic nerves of rats.
Burnout among Teachers in Higher Education: An Empirical Study of Higher Education Institutions in Portugal
Authors: Teles Renata , Valle António , Rodriguez Susana
Published: July 2020

Burnout is considered by the World Health Organization an extreme response to cumulative and prolonged occupational stress, with teachers being among the professionals most affected by it. This disease influences physical and psychological well-being, negatively affecting the relationship between teachers and students. It also compromises the quality of teaching, thus inducing absenteeism and increasing professional abandonment. Our study examines the degree of incidence of Burnout affecting Professors from the Portuguese Higher Education Institutions. The first study was carried out on a sample of 520 teachers. A proportion of 41 (7.9%) Higher Education Teachers scored high on Burnout. A second phase of the study was conducted to gather data on socio-demographic and socio-professional characteristics of teachers affected by Burnout. The MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and another questionnaire was built for this purpose and were used to collect the study data. The results indicate the majority of teachers affected by Burnout were female (63.4%). Most of them are between 40 and 59 years old (75.6%) and married (68.3%). Overall, 41.5% had 10 to 19 years of service and 39.0% between 20 and 29 years of service. The teachers with an undetermined contract (48.8%) and temporary contract (36.6%) displayed higher levels of Burnout, but the self-employment worker (4.9%) appears in a residual amount. Teachers most affected by Burnout are from Public Polytechnic Institutes (48.8%), followed by Public University teachers (41.5%). Teacher’s Burnout is a serious problem and should be considered by the Higher Education Institutions regarding the development of good teaching practice.
The Practice of Career Guidance in a Northern Portuguese University
Authors: Pereira Natália , Arza Arza Neves
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the practice of career guidance in a northern Portuguese University. In the process of selecting a profession, we are increasingly faced with great difficulty on the part of young people to carry out educational, formative, and professional options. Based on the Bologna Process and the purpose of improving the employability of graduates, expert guidance has become a quality factor in college education. In this quantitative research, we used a Likert Scale questionnaire. Two hundred twelve finalist students configured the representative sample, (50,9% of the student population), distributed by 18 courses in five different university departments. The results show that the career guidance available does not fully satisfy the student’s needs. The guidance received by the students is characterized as being informative and focused on academic and professional issues. The main guidance agents are the teachers, and the main actions related to career guidance occurred during the last year of the course. The difference between College departments demonstrates that the Management area is the one where its students received more career guidance for the transition into the job market. In relation to the guidance services, there is a difference between the information available and its actual use.
The Influence of Leadership Based on Emotional Intelligence Concerning the Climate of an Organisation
Authors: Gabriela Solomon Ionela
Published: July 2020

The article aims to define a behavioral matrix regarding the style of leadership applied to management in a public company. The dimensions include communication and persuasion, ethics, empathy, knowledge and information management, the desire to learn, the objective’s achievement, adaptability, innovation, and decision making. The behavioral competencies correlate with the four dimensions of emotional intelligence related to personal abilities such as self-knowledge and self-management, but also social competences, such as awareness and the management of relationships with others. The article analyses the extent to which the emotional intelligence among the personnel that makes up the middle management influences organizational climate at the company level.
Konsentrasi Efektif Daya Antibiofilm Kitosan Cangkang Udang terhadap Streptococcus Viridans (The Effective Concentration of Antibiofilms Capacity from Shrimp Shells Chitosan towards Streptococcus Viridans)
Authors: Nugrahani Nur Ariska , Kunarti Sri , Setyowatie Laksmiari
Published: July 2020

Background.Periapical tooth infection is one of infection problems which often happens such as abscess periapical which is caused by bacteria. The bacteria which can form biofilms is named streptococcus viridans. It is  resistant towards an antibacterial agent. Chitosan made of shrimp shells is used as a natural antibiofilms agent for streptococcus viridans. Purpose.To determine the effective concentration of antibiofilms capacity from shrimp shells chitosan towards streptococcus viridans. Method.The research method used in this research is laboratory experimental research. The research design is post-test only controlgroup design. Streptococcus viridans is given vortex until it becomes homogeneous with standard turbidity McFarland of 0.5, than, it is planted inside a microtitter plate using TSB Glu for 5x24 hours. At last, Streptococcus viridans is colored using crystal violet and the picture of biofilms is observed using inverted microscope. Chitosan liquid diluted through various concentration 0.195%, 0.39%, 0.78%, 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% are going to be added to the microtitter plate and being incubated for 24 hours. The interpretation of the result on the longitude of the wave through optical density is 570nm. Result.There is a significant difference between the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39% and the control group. Chitosan’s effective concentration in resisting the biofilms is 50%. The result is determined by statistical analysis. Conclusion.The effective concentration to resist the formation of Streptococcus viridans biofilms using shrimp shells chitosan is 50%.