bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient experience of virtual consultations in Oral Medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Murthy Vignesh , Herbert Cameron , Bains Davinder , Escudier Michael , Carey Barbara , Ormond Martyn
Published: August 2021

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a rapid shift to the use of virtual consultations in both primary and secondary care. The aim of this study was to assess patient experience of virtual consultations (telephone and video) in the Oral Medicine department during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A validated survey was developed with the Patient Experience Team in Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. A combination of previously validated questions and newly validated psychometric questions were used to design the patient feedback questionnaire. The survey was administered to all patients following their virtual (telephone or video) consultation. Data were synthesised and electronically analysed. Qualitative data were thematically analysed.

Results

A total of 115 surveys were completed. Over 82% rated their experience as good or very good and 69% preferred a virtual consultation for their next consultation. Thematic analysis of individual comments identified positive themes including convenience and positive/helpful clinical experience. Areas for development identified from thematic analysis included accessibility and clinical limitations in not undertaking a physical examination.

Conclusion

Overall, the patient experience of virtual consultations in Oral Medicine was positive.
Psychometric properties of the Dutch version Adult Strabismus‐20 Questionnaire (AS‐20)
Authors: Burggraaf Fenna , Elsman Ellen BM , van Nispen Ruth MA , Tjon‐Fo‐Sang Martha J , Spek Bea , Jellema Hinke Marijke
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Strabismus often has an impact on a patient's quality of life (QoL). The Adult Strabismus‐20 questionnaire (AS‐20) is an instrument developed to assess the strabismus‐specific QoL. The aim was to investigate several psychometric properties of the Dutch‐AS‐20 among adult patients with strabismus.

Methods

Patients with any type of strabismus completed the Dutch‐AS‐20, the EuroQol five‐dimensional questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L) and the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) (N = 286). Psychometric properties were evaluated with the use of item response theory (IRT) analysis (graded response model) and by determining the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability after two weeks, targeting and measurement precision. Construct validity of the AS‐20 was tested against the EQ‐5D‐5L and the A&SQ.

Results

Principal component analysis indicated a psychosocial and function subscale. After collapsing underutilised response options for 10 items, subsequent fit analysis showed that the function subscale benefitted from removal of two items. Differential item functioning (DIF) was detected on four items for age and gender subgroups, but with minimal impact on the total score. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.93 psychosocial and 0.87 function subscale) and test‐retest reliability (ICC 0.91 psychosocial and 0.88 function subscale) were sufficient. Targeting and measurement precision of both subscales was appropriate for patients with low to moderate levels of visual and psychosocial functioning but suboptimal for patients with high levels of visual and psychosocial functioning. Correlations were between 0.4 and 0.7 for (subscales of) the Dutch‐AS‐20 and the A&SQ or EQ‐5D‐5L, confirming expected construct validity.

Conclusions

The 18‐item Dutch‐AS‐20 has sound psychometric properties to assess the strabismus‐specific QoL among Dutch adult patients with low to moderate levels of visual and psychosocial functioning. Care must be taken when interpreting the results due to lower measurement precision at the higher end of both subscales. In future longitudinal studies, properties to assess treatment effects should be evaluated.
Courting Foreign Direct Investment from Diasporas: Are Diaspora Engagement Policies Effective? Under What Conditions?
Authors: Park Seungbin
Published: August 2021

Although developing countries have developed various kinds of diaspora engagement policies (DEPs) to court foreign direct investment (FDI) from diaspora, we do not know whether these policies matter for investment promotion. Do DEPs contribute to attracting diaspora FDI? Under what conditions might DEPs be most effective at attracting this FDI? DEPs facilitate diaspora FDI by lowering legal, informational, and psychological barriers that diasporas confront when investing in the homeland. These barriers include FDI restrictions, information scarcity, and a lack of meaningful, harmonious ties to the homeland. DEPs are more effective in autocracies where high investment barriers exist and are especially so when they lower informational and psychological investment obstacles. An analysis of diaspora‐weighted FDI from the United States to 25 Asian countries from 2002–2011 lends some support to these claims. While DEPs do not affect diaspora‐weighted FDI flows per se, their positive impact is observed in autocracies, and DEPs' lowering of psychological obstacles drives this conditional impact.
Error traps in pediatric regional anesthesia
Authors: Masaracchia Melissa M. , Sunder Rani A. , Polaner David M.
Published: August 2021

Ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks have revolutionized the way we provide regional anesthesia. By providing effective perioperative pain control, regional anesthesia reduces opioid consumption, decreases length of stay, and increases patient/parental satisfaction. However, error traps (circumstances that lead to erroneous actions) can defeat its inherent benefits and may result in adverse outcomes. This article focuses on promoting a culture of safety by highlighting five common avoidable error traps encountered while providing regional anesthesia for pediatric patients. They include failure to confirm intended block site, failure to optimize ultrasound images and identify artifacts, failure to recognize when regional anesthesia is an acceptable option, failure to implement alternative imaging techniques when anatomy is challenging, and failure to recognize disease states with abnormal anatomy that may require alternative blocks. These issues are easily addressed if the pediatric regionalist is cognizant of the appropriate ways to mitigate them, and, as such, we review strategies to avoid them.
A group respite pilot project for children with special needs
Authors: McGrane Christine , Masson Natalie , Martins Diane C.
Published: August 2021

Providing ongoing care for a family member or loved one with special needs is challenging. It is estimated that about 21% of the adult population in the United States are providing unpaid care for loved ones at home. Of that group, 5.7% are caring for children with special needs. Special needs can range from developmental delay to the provision of complex medical treatments. Family caregivers take on numerous roles to coordinate activities of daily living, therapies, in‐home services, school, and appointments. This is often a great source of stress on family caregivers. Providing the proper support for care to remain at home reduces the disruption to children and families’ lives (Carter et al., 2012). A pilot project was developed for children with physical, cognitive, and/or developmental impairment. This project was coordinated by nursing and physical therapy faculty and their students. Parents as well as nursing and physical therapy students benefited mutually. Our preliminary responses from families indicated stress relief from caregiving and benefiting from the ability to talk to other parents in similar circumstances.
Where and Why Immigrants Intend to Naturalize: The Interplay Between Acculturation Strategies and Integration Policies
Authors: Politi Emanuele , Bennour Salomon , Lüders Adrian , Manatschal Anita , Green Eva G. T.
Published: August 2021

Via naturalization procedures, immigrants have the opportunity to acquire rights and duties limited to nationals. Yet little is known about acculturative contexts and naturalization motives underlying immigrants' naturalization intentions. Employing a large sample of first‐generation immigrants in Switzerland (N = 3928) and a multilevel approach, we articulated individual acculturation strategies and cantonal integration policies to explain naturalization intentions and underlying motives. Results at the individual level showed that assimilated immigrants report the highest intentions to naturalize, followed by integrated, and lastly by separated immigrants. Motives underlying naturalization intentions also differed as a function of acculturation strategies. Whereas integrated and assimilated immigrants reported higher symbolic motives than separated immigrants, the latter reported the highest level of instrumental motives. A cross‐level interaction qualified results at the individual level. Indeed, the gap between integrated and separated immigrants was more pronounced under inclusive integration policies. Accordingly, integrated immigrants' naturalization intentions increased the more integration policies were inclusive, whereas this was not the case among assimilated and separated immigrants. Overall, our findings cast a positive light on inclusive integration policies as contextual affordances to overcome barriers to naturalization and encourage migration scholars to consider the broader political context in which immigrant acculturation is embedded.
Genome‐wide miRNAs profiles of pearl millet under contrasting high vapor pressure deficit reveal their functional roles in drought stress adaptations
Authors: Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy , Gupta Saurabh , Yeshvekar Richa K. , Chakravartty Navajeet , Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi , Shankhapal Aishwarya Rajesh , Vempati Ashwini Soumya , Kuriakose Boney , Lekkala Sivarama Prasad , Philip Manuel , Perumal Rajadurai Chinnasamy , Lachagari Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy , Bhatnagar‐Mathur Pooja
Published: August 2021

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is an important crop capable of growing in harsh and marginal environments, with the highest degree of tolerance to drought and heat stresses among cereals. Diverse germplasm of pearl millet shows a significant phenotypic variation in response to abiotic stresses, making it a unique model to study the mechanisms responsible for stress mitigation. The present study focuses on identifying the physiological response of two pearl millet high‐resolution cross (HRC) genotypes, ICMR 1122 and ICMR 1152, in response to low and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under high VPD conditions, ICMR 1152 exhibited a lower transpiration rate (Tr), higher transpiration efficiency, and lower root sap exudation than ICMR 1122. Further, Pg‐miRNAs expressed in the contrasting genotypes under low and high VPD conditions were identified by deep sequencing analysis. A total of 116 known and 61 novel Pg‐miRNAs were identified from ICMR 1152, while 26 known and six novel Pg‐miRNAs were identified from ICMR 1122 genotypes, respectively. While Pg‐miR165, 168, 170, and 319 families exhibited significant differential expression under low and high VPD conditions in both genotypes, ICMR 1152 showed abundant expression of Pg‐miR167, Pg‐miR172, Pg‐miR396 Pg‐miR399, Pg‐miR862, Pg‐miR868, Pg‐miR950, Pg‐miR5054, and Pg‐miR7527 indicating their direct and indirect role in root physiology and abiotic stress responses. Drought responsive Pg‐miRNA targets showed upregulation in response to high VPD stress, further narrowing down the miRNAs involved in regulation of drought tolerance in pearl millet.
Molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structure and rheological properties of normal and hyperconcentrated airway mucus
Authors: Ford Andrew G. , Cao Xue‐Zheng , Papanikolas Micah J. , Kato Takafumi , Boucher Richard C. , Markovetz Matthew R. , Hill David B. , Freeman Ronit , Forest Mark Gregory
Published: August 2021

We develop the first molecular dynamics model of airway mucus based on the detailed physical properties and chemical structure of the predominant gel‐forming mucin MUC5B. Our airway mucus model leverages the LAMMPS open‐source code [https://lammps.sandia.gov], based on the statistical physics of polymers, from single molecules to networks. On top of the LAMMPS platform, the chemical structure of MUC5B is used to superimpose proximity‐based, noncovalent, transient interactions within and between the specific domains of MUC5B polymers. We explore feasible ranges of hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction strengths between MUC5B domains with 9 nm spatial and 1 ns temporal resolution. Our goal here is to propose and test a mechanistic hypothesis for a striking clinical observation with respect to airway mucus: a 10‐fold increase in nonswellable, dense structures called flakes during progression of cystic fibrosis disease. Among the myriad possible effects that might promote self‐organization of MUC5B networks into flake structures, we hypothesize and confirm that the clinically confirmed increase in mucin concentration, from 1.5 to 5 mg/ml, alone is sufficient to drive the structure changes observed with scanning electron microscopy images from experimental samples. We postprocess the LAMMPS simulated data sets at 1.5 and 5 mg/ml, both to image the structure transition and compare with scanning electron micrographs and to show that the 3.33‐fold increase in concentration induces closer proximity of interacting electrostatic and hydrophobic domains, thereby amplifying the proximity‐based strength of the interactions.
New hybrid evolutionary models for spatial prediction of soil properties in Kurdistan
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Hamid , Matinfar Hamid Reza , Kerry Ruth , Eskandari Shler , Ebrahimi‐Khusfi Zohre , Taghizadeh‐Mehrjardi Ruhollah
Published: August 2021

With intense human activity causing constant environmental change, there is a greater need than ever to have accurate and frequently updated soil information. Traditional soil maps are large‐scale polygon maps of soil type and implicitly assume no variation in soil properties within polygons. DSM approaches can increase the accuracy of modelling. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of a classic adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and three hybridized ANFIS models (i.e. particle swarm optimization—PSO, the genetic model—GA and the artificial bee colony model—ABC) for predicting eight soil properties in western Iran. The ANFIS+ABC and ANFIS+PSO approaches showed the best performance in predicting soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). The ABC+ANFIS‐hybrid model increased R2 values by 0.32, 0.24, 0.23 and 0.37 and decreased RMSEs by 11%, 32.7 mg kg−1, 0.08 mmhos cm−1 and 0.3% when predicting SOC, K, EC and SP, respectively, compared with the ANFIS model alone. Also, the use of the PSO+ANFIS‐hybrid model led to an increase in R2 values of 0.44, 0.29, 0.34 and 0.36 and a decrease in RMSEs of 0.02, 0.29 ppm, 0.34% and 0.36% for predicting N, P, pH and TNV, respectively, compared with the ANFIS model alone. In general, the ANFIS+ABC and ANFIS+PSO improved the prediction accuracies for SOC and N by 32% and 24%, respectively, compared with the classic ANFIS model. As a whole, our findings demonstrated the ability of hybrid models for improving the accuracy of the ANFIS approach for predicting soil features in western Iran, which supports our main hypothesis.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DRB3*02:02:19 allele
Authors: Li Da‐Cheng , Zhong Yan‐Ping , Quan Zhan‐Rou , Chen Hao , Gao Su‐Qing
Published: August 2021

The HLA‐DRB3*02:02:19 allele differs from DRB3*02:02:01:02 by a single nucleotide change in exon 2.
Clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with canine inflammatory mammary cancer treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, a cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor and toceranib phosphate
Authors: Alonso‐Miguel Daniel , Valdivia Guillermo , García‐San José Paula , Alonso‐Diez Ángela , Clares Irene , Portero Miriam , Peña Laura , Pérez‐Alenza Maria Dolores
Published: August 2021

Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi‐drug therapy [MT]) with COX‐2 inhibitor therapy alone (single‐drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease‐free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated. Sixteen patients were included, eight received MT and eight receiving ST. Median OST was significantly higher in patients receiving MT (96.0 vs. 37.5 days; p = .046) and in patients with post‐surgical rather than non‐surgical IMC (86.5 vs. 41.5 days; p = .038). Additionally, median TTP was significantly higher in patients treated with MT (p = .010). In patients with non‐surgical IMC, the clinical benefit (CB) was reached in 100% (n = 3) of patients receiving MT and in 33% (n = 1) of those receiving ST; the response duration was significantly longer in MT cases (p = .026). The absence of disease progression at day 30 of treatment was significantly associated with longer OST, DFS and TTP (p = .018, p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). Adverse events occurred more frequently in patients treated with MT compared with ST (p = .026). The MT protocol produced primarily mild to moderate toxicities, which were resolved with supportive care; therefore, the combination of drugs was adequately tolerated by most of the patients. The combination of toceranib, a COX‐2 inhibitor and oral cyclophosphamide may be a protocol with potential therapeutic efficacy for dogs with IMC.
Prognostic impact of bone invasion in canine oral malignant melanoma treated by surgery and anti‐CSPG4 vaccination: A retrospective study on 68 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: Camerino Mariateresa , Giacobino Davide , Manassero Luca , Iussich Selina , Riccardo Federica , Cavallo Federica , Tarone Lidia , Olimpo Matteo , Lardone Elena , Martano Marina , Del Magno Sara , Buracco Paolo , Morello Emanuela
Published: August 2021

Prognosis of canine oral malignant melanoma encompasses clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of bone invasion in oral canine melanoma. Sixty‐eight dogs bearing oral melanoma staged II and III that underwent surgery and anti‐CSPG4 electrovaccination, with available histological data and a minimum follow up of minimum 1 year, were retrospectively selected. Bone invasion was detected on imaging and/or histology. Median survival time of dogs with evidence of bone invasion (group 1) was 397 days and significantly shorter compared with dogs with oral melanomas not invading the bone (group 2, 1063 days). Dogs with tumours localised at the level of the cheek, lip, tongue and soft palate (soft tissue ‐ group 3) lived significantly longer compared with dogs having tumours within the gingiva of the maxilla or mandible (hard tissue ‐ group 4) with a median survival time of 1063 and 470 days, respectively. Within group 4, the subgroup of dogs with tumours not invading the bone (group 5) showed a significant prolonged survival time (972 days) in comparison with dogs of group 1 (bone invasion group). Similar results were obtained for the disease‐free intervals amongst the different groups. Statistical analysis showed that Ki67 and mitotic count were correlated with shorter survival in patients of group 1 (with bone invasion). Bone invasion should always be assessed since it appears to be a negative prognostic factor.
Educational antimicrobial stewardship programs in medical schools: a scoping review
Authors: Augie Bashar M. , Miot Jacqui , van Zyl Robyn L. , McInerney Patricia A.
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review was to identify the available evidence on antimicrobial stewardship programs for teaching medical students about rational antimicrobial use, including the content taught and the method of instruction used.

Introduction:

Antibiotics are a precious resource whose discovery have saved millions of lives. They are used extensively in surgical procedures, cancer chemotherapy, and in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the development of antimicrobial resistance and the slow rate of discovery of new agents with novel mechanisms of actions represent a threat to modern medicine.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review considered papers that described medical school curricula that focused on the teaching and learning of the prescription of antimicrobial medication. Studies that described this concept in the curricula of other health profession students, such as nursing, pharmacy, or dentistry students, were excluded.

Methods:

The JBI three-step process was followed and conducted by two reviewers. The scoping review followed an a priori published protocol. Eight databases were searched for both published and unpublished literature and gray literature. Only studies published in English from 1996 onwards were included. Full texts of selected citations were assessed against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through discussion, and the need for a third reviewer was not required. Data extraction was undertaken using a modified charting table developed for the review objectives. The findings are presented using the narrative synthesis.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included in the review, with most of the papers originating from the United States of America and Europe, with one from developing countries. Didactic lectures and web-based distance learning were the most common modes of instruction used in the included papers. Six of the included papers presented the outcomes of their interventions; different methods of assessment were used to evaluate students, which included baseline and post-instruction assessment or a series of short exams. Some of the concepts in the teaching material included the use of antimicrobial agents, prevention of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention control. The programs (ranging from 75 minutes to 100 hours) were implemented from second to fourth year of study.

Conclusions:

A wide range of interventions were used to teach the principles of antimicrobial stewardship to medical students. There is a need to further evaluate these programs through follow-up of students after graduation to determine whether the skills learned are retained.
Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship With Combinations of Physical Activity and Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescents in China
Authors: Han Gengyu , Zhang Jingshu , Ma Shang , Lu Ruoran , Duan Jiali , Song Yi , Lau Patrick W.C.
Published: August 2021

Background: Given the widespread prevalence and serious nature of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IA and assess the relationships between IA and combinations of physical activity (PA) and screen-based sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 31,954 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. IA, PA, screen-based SB, and other information were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The chi-square test and mixed-effects logistic regression model were applied to estimate the relationship between IA and combinations of PA and screen-based SB. Results: 6.2% of the surveyed adolescents reported IA and the prevalence of low PA/high screen-based SB, high PA/high screen-based SB, low PA/low screen-based SB, and high PA/low screen-based SB were 53.7%, 19.5%, 18.8%, and 8.0%, respectively. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with low PA/high screen-based SB were 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.62–2.44, P < .001) times more likely to prefer IA than those with high PA/low screen-based SB. Conclusions: The prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescents is still high. Intervention programs like maintaining sufficient PA and reducing screen-based SB might contribute to reducing their IA.
Sustaining Regular Exercise During Weight Loss Maintenance: The Role of Consistent Exercise Timing
Authors: Schumacher Leah M. , Thomas J. Graham , Wing Rena R. , Raynor Hollie A. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Bond Dale S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Exercising at a consistent versus variable time of day cross-sectionally relates to greater moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among weight loss maintainers. This study evaluated the relationships between exercise timing and both MVPA levels and habit strength, as well as stability in exercise timing, over 1 year among maintainers in the National Weight Control Registry. Methods: Participants (n = 709) completed questionnaires assessing exercise timing, MVPA, and exercise automaticity (a measure of habit) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At each assessment, participants were labeled temporally consistent exercisers if >50% of their exercise sessions per week occurred in one time window: early morning, late morning, afternoon, or evening. Participants exercising consistently during the same window at both assessments were labeled as having stable patterns. Results: Temporally consistent exercise at baseline, regardless of its specific time, related to greater MVPA over time (Ps< .05). Approximately half of temporally consistent exercisers at baseline exhibited stable patterns. Early morning exercise and greater exercise automaticity at baseline predicted stable patterns (Ps< .005). Temporally consistent exercise, especially during the early morning, related to greater automaticity across time (Ps< .01). Conclusions: Consistent exercise timing may help maintainers accrue more MVPA. Consistent early morning exercise was most strongly related to exercise automaticity and routine stability.
School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bento André Filipe Paulino da Silva , Carrasco Páez Luis , Raimundo Armando Manuel de Mendonça
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the utility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs integrated into physical education classes. Method: Searches of electronic databases from January 2008 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria: Applied to adolescents aged 10–19 years; applied in school settings; reported results on physical fitness, physical activity (PA), and motivation; at least for 4 weeks; and randomized controlled trials. Studies with adolescents with physical or intellectual limitations were excluded, as well as other interventions parallel to HIIT. Results: Fourteen studies were included. All works present significant improvements in physical fitness and PA. Improvements in body composition recorded, at most, a moderate effect size. HIIT is presented as a powerful stimulus on cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in PA registered, a least, a moderate effect size. Conclusions: HIIT in the school context has great potential in improving physical fitness and PA in adolescents. HIIT efficiency (about 10 min) reflects the wide applicability that these protocols can have in physical education classes and great adaptation to the facilities.
The Role of an Empowering Motivational Climate on Pupils’ Concentration and Distraction in Physical Education
Authors: Mastagli Maxime , Van Hoye Aurélie , Hainaut Jean-Philippe , Bolmont Benoît
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The present study investigated the relationship between an empowering motivational climate and pupils’ concentration and distraction in physical education, mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction and by positive and negative affect. Method: The participants were 425 French pupils (Mage = 15.36, SDage = 0.82) from 21 high schools, who filled in a questionnaire regarding the study variables. This cross-sectional study used multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships. Results: Good fit indices were found in the data from the theoretical model. An empowering motivational climate was found to be related to concentration. Competence need satisfaction was related to concentration and distraction. This association was mediated by positive and negative affect, which in turn was related to concentration and distraction. Conclusion: Teachers can improve pupils’ concentration and positive affect and reduce distraction and negative affect by supporting an empowering motivational climate and fostering competence need satisfaction.
The Effects of Play Practice Instruction on the Badminton Content Knowledge of a Cohort of Chinese Physical Education Majors
Authors: Hastie Peter A. , Wang Wei , Liu Hairui , He Yaohui
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Play Practice instruction on the badminton content knowledge and skill of a cohort of Chinese physical education majors. Method: Seventy-two second-year students participated in semester-long courses following either the principles of Play Practice or skill-focused instruction. A control/comparison group experimental design with pre- and postmeasures was used in this study. Separate analyses of variance with repeated measures (Time × Group) were conducted to examine the effects of Play Practice and skill-focused instruction for each of four dependent variables: (a) forehand clear, (b) tactical understanding, (c) game performance, and (d) specialized content knowledge. Results: Students from both conditions made significant improvements in all four variables across the semester. However, students in the Play Practice condition showed significantly greater gains in tactical understanding, game performance, and specialized content knowledge. In particular, while 75% of students who experienced Play Practice reached the 3.0 benchmark score for adequate specialized content knowledge, only 8% of students in skill-focused instruction reached this standard.
First Pentanuclear Molybdenum Iodide Cluster (Bu4N)[Mo5OI13]: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Mikhaylov M. A. , Sukhikh T. S. , Sheven’ D. G. , Sokolov M. N.
Published: August 2021

The first iodide cluster of molybdenum with the metal cage in the form of a tetragonal pyramid (Bu4N)[Mo5OI13]·THF (I) and cocrystallizate (Bu4N){[Mo5OI13]0.9[Mo6I14]·THF (II) are synthesized for the first time by heating a LiI–I2–Mo mixture in a temperature range of 300–400°С followed by the extraction of the product. ComplexesIandIIare studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF files CCDC nos. 2063029 (I) and 2063030 (II)). The molybdenum atoms in [Mo5OI13]–form a square pyramid with Mo–Mo distances of 2.67 Å between the basal molybdenum atoms and the Mo–Mo distances equal to 2.72 Å between the apical and basal molybdenum atoms. The oxygen atom is coordinated to the pyramid base (Mo–μ4-O 2.10 Å). The cluster anion [Mo5OI13]–can be presented as the octahedral cluster anion [Mo6I14]2–in which the position of the {MoI}–fragment (d0, 6e) is occupied by the isoelectronic oxygen atom (s2p4, 6e). In the structure of compoundII, the [Mo5OI13]–and [Mo6I14]2–cluster anions occupy close atomic positions.
Non-unitarity of Minkowskian non-local quantum field theories
Authors: Briscese Fabio , Modesto Leonardo
Published: August 2021

We show that Minkowskian non-local quantum field theories are not unitary. We consider a simple one loop diagram for a scalar non-local field and show that the imaginary part of the corresponding complex amplitude is not given by Cutkosky rules, indeed this diagram violates the unitarity condition. We compare this result with the case of an Euclidean non-local scalar field, that has been shown to satisfy the Cutkosky rules, and we clearly identify the reason of the breaking of unitarity of the Minkowskian theory.
Hidden and doubly heavy molecular states from interactions $$D^{(*)}_{(s)}{{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$/$$B^{(*)}_{(s)}{{\bar{B}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$ and $${D}^{(*)}_{(s)}D_{s}^{(*)}$$/$${B}^{(*)}_{(s)}B_{s}^{(*)}$$
Authors: Ding Zuo-Ming , Jiang Han-Yu , Song Dan , He Jun
Published: August 2021

In this work, we perform a systematical investigation about the possible hidden and doubly heavy molecular states with open and hidden strangeness from interactions of $$D^{(*)}{{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$

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in a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. The interactions of the systems considered are described within the one-boson-exchange model, which includes exchanges of light mesons and $$J/\psi /\varUpsilon $$

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meson. Possible molecular states are searched for as poles of scattering amplitudes of the interactions considered. The results suggest that recently observed $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

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state as a $$D{\bar{D}}^*$$

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B

B
s
∗

)

with $$1^+$$

1
+

, $$D_s{\bar{D}}_s^*/B_s{\bar{B}}_s^*$$

D
s

D

¯

s
∗

/

B
s

B

¯

s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

, $$D^*D^*_s/B^*B^*_s$$

D
∗

D
s
∗

/

B
∗

B
s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

and $$2^+$$

2
+

, and $$D^*_sD^*_s/B^*_sB^*_s$$

D
s
∗

D
s
∗

/

B
s
∗

B
s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

and $$2^+$$

2
+

. Some other interactions are also found attractive, but may be not strong enough to produce a bound state. The results in this work are helpful for understanding the $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

, and future experimental search for the new molecular states.
Reconstructing inflation in scalar-torsion $$f(T,\phi )$$ gravity
Authors: Gonzalez-Espinoza Manuel , Herrera Ramón , Otalora Giovanni , Saavedra Joel
Published: August 2021

It is investigated the reconstruction during the slow-roll inflation in the most general class of scalar-torsion theories whose Lagrangian density is an arbitrary function $$f(T,\phi )$$

f
(
T
,
ϕ
)

of the torsion scalar T of teleparallel gravity and the inflaton $$\phi $$
ϕ
. For the class of theories with Lagrangian density $$f(T,\phi )=-M_{pl}^{2} T/2 - G(T) F(\phi ) - V(\phi )$$

f

(
T
,
ϕ
)

=
-

M

pl

2

T
/
2
-
G

(
T
)

F

(
ϕ
)

-
V

(
ϕ
)

, with $$G(T)\sim T^{s+1}$$

G

(
T
)

∼

T

s
+
1

and the power s as constant, we consider a reconstruction scheme for determining both the non-minimal coupling function $$F(\phi )$$

F
(
ϕ
)

and the scalar potential $$V(\phi )$$

V
(
ϕ
)

through the parametrization (or attractor) of the scalar spectral index $$n_{s}(N)$$

n
s

(
N
)

and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r(N) as functions of the number of $$e-$$

e
-

folds N. As specific examples, we analyze the attractors $$n_{s}-1 \propto 1/N$$

n
s

-
1
∝
1
/
N

and $$r\propto 1/N$$

r
∝
1
/
N

, as well as the case $$r\propto 1/N (N+\gamma )$$

r
∝
1
/
N
(
N
+
γ
)

with $$\gamma $$
γ
a dimensionless constant. In this sense and depending on the attractors considered, we obtain different expressions for the function $$F(\phi )$$

F
(
ϕ
)

and the potential $$V(\phi )$$

V
(
ϕ
)

, as also the constraints on the parameters present in our model and its reconstruction.
Enterprise Service Remote Assistance Guidance System Based on Digital Twin Drive
Authors: Long Dan , Xu Rui , Liu Jia , Yu Wanghong , Xu Lei
Published: August 2021

In the fourth industrial revolution to develop new products and processes, the digital twin, virtual copies of the system that can interact with the physical counterparts in a bidirectional way, seem to be promising enablers to replicate production systems in real time and analyze them. They aim to solve insufficient guidance methods in the existing enterprise service remote assistance guidance system. In this paper, a digital twin-driven enterprise service remote assistance guidance system is proposed. The digital twin system is designed to carry out different all-around analyses of the remote internal system. The digital and physical spaces of the enterprise service system are reset according to the data query results. The proposed model achieves the internal data mapping effect of the enterprise service and analyzes the internal data of the system. Based on the realization of real-time mapping and a large amount of twin data generated by virtual and real interaction, the data are visualized and stored in a database for the upper layers. The proposed model has been simulated, and the test results show its potential benefits for enterprise control, optimization, and forecasting and can provide essential support for realizing the twin’s optimized control of entities.
From Neonatal Intensive Care to Neurocritical Care: Is It Still a Mirage? The Sicilian Multicenter Project
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Mauceri Laura , Motta Milena , Piro Ettore , D’Angelo Gabriella , Gitto Eloisa , Corsello Giovanni , Ruggieri Martino
Published: August 2021

Background. Neonatal brain injury (NBI) can lead to a significant neurological disability or even death. After decades of intense efforts to improve neonatal intensive care and survival of critically ill newborns, the focus today is an improved long-term neurological outcome through brain-focused care. The goal of neuroprotection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is the prevention of new or worsening NBI in premature and term newborns. As a result, the neonatal neurocritical care unit (NNCU) has been emerging as a model of care to decrease NBI and improve the long-term neurodevelopment in critically ill neonates. Purpose. Neurocritical care (NCC) Sicilian project includes three academic sites with NICU in Sicily (Catania, Messina, and Palermo), and its primary goal is to develop neurocritical neonatal care unit (NNCU). Methods. In 2018, the three NICUs created a dedicated space for neonates with primary neurological diagnosis or at risk for neurological injuries—NNCU. Admission criteria for eligible patients and treatment protocols were created. Contact with parents, environmental protection, basic monitoring, brain monitoring, pharmacological therapy, and organization of the staff were protocolized. Results. Evaluation of the efforts to establish NNCU within existing NICU, current protocols, and encountered problems are shown. Implications for Practice. Our outcome confirmed the need for dedicated NNCU for neuroprotection of critically ill neonates at risk for a neurological injury. Although the literature on neonatal neurocritical care is still scarce, we see the value of such targeted approach to newborn brain protection and therefore we will continue developing our NNCU, even though there have been problems encountered. The project of building NNCU will continue to be closely monitored. Conclusions. The development of our neonatal neurocritical model of care is far from being completed. Although it is currently limited to the Sicilian area only, the goal of this paper is to share the development of this multicenter interdisciplinary project focused on a newborn brain protection. After evaluating our outcome, we strongly believe that a combined expertise in neonatal neurology and neonatal critical care can lead to an improved neurodevelopmental outcome for critically ill neonates, from the extremely preterm to those with brain injuries.
Copper(II) Anchored on Amine-Functionalized MMT: A Highly Efficient Catalytic System for the One-Pot Synthesis of Bispyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Majid , Sadeghi Masoud , Safari Javad
Published: August 2021

In this study, preparation of pyridine-2-carboimine copper complex immobilized on amine-functionalized nanoclay montmorillonite K10 was reported. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity of this new nanocatalyst, as a natural, renewable, inexpensive, and heterogeneous catalyst, was very effective for the four-component condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate (or phenyl hydrazine), malononitrile, β-ketoester, and terephthalaldehyde (or isophthalaldehyde) toward the synthesis of multisubstituted bispyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. From the viewpoint of green chemistry, the advantages of this approach are accessibility, simplicity, and high yields synthesis. The catalyst was recycled and reused four times without significant loss of activity.
Emission Measurement Analysis of Sapodilla Seed Oil Blending Fueled IC Engine
Authors: Maheandera Prabu P. , Sivaprakasam P. , Perumal Varatharaju , Kim Sung Chul , Balasubramani P. , Santosh Kumar S.
Published: August 2021

This present work focused on investigating the thermal behavior and emission level of sapodilla oil mixed with diesel to an internal combustion (IC) engine. The behavior of the engine is measured via brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), heat release rate (HRR), cylinder pressure, and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR). The test results were evaluated with diesel fuel. Carbon deposits were low in sapodilla seed oil with slight variation of calorific value than standard diesel fuel. BTE value for case B20 is found to equal diesel fuel. For lower and higher blends, the cylinder pressures are lower than the diesel fuel. HRR decreased as increased of the blend ratio. Inferior blends of sapodilla are emitted lower HC and CO. The BTE of B100 works 88.13% efficiently, similar to diesel for low load conditions. When compared to diesel, a maximum NOx reduction of up to 30% was achieved while using the sapodilla blend. It is found that the oil derived from the sapodilla seed kernels will be the promising additive for fossil fuels for a greener environment.
Clinical Comparison of MEBO and Hyaluronic Acid Gel in the Management of Pain after Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Ahmed Enji , Ghalwash Dalia , Elarab Azza Ezz
Published: August 2021

Aim. This study aimed to compare the effect of MEBO versus 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel (Gengigel®) applied to the palatal donor site on postoperative pain reduction and wound healing after free gingival graft harvesting. Methodology. Thirty-nine patients with different mucogingival defects were included in this study for harvesting a free gingival graft (FGG) for soft tissue augmentation. Patients were randomly assigned into three equal groups: group I (MEBO), group II (0.2% HA Gengigel®), and group III (control). Postoperative pain was recorded by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Analgesic consumption was recorded for 7 days postoperatively. Wound size was measured at baseline and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Postoperative healing of the palatal wound was assessed by the VAS score for color match on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42. Results. Results of this study showed significant postoperative pain reduction for the three groups; MEBO showed statistically significant less VAS score compared to the other two groups, while HA showed statistically significant less VAS score compared to the control group. Both MEBO and HA showed statistically significant less total analgesic consumption. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups for wound size. MEBO showed statistically significant higher VAS for color match. Conclusions. Both treatment modalities could reduce postoperative pain following harvesting of FGG and improve the palatal wound healing. However, MEBO showed better outcomes in terms of postoperative pain and color match.
Associations of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Breast Cancer in the Breast Adipose Tissue of Women with Combined Measures of Adiposity
Authors: Chang Sue-Ling , Tchernof André , Durocher Francine , Diorio Caroline
Published: August 2021

Background. Mechanisms underlying the obesity-breast cancer link involve inflammation but need to be elucidated. Determining obesity by combining body mass index (BMI) with the waist circumference (WC) may clarify the role of inflammatory and hormonally related markers in breast cancer. We examined the effect of combining adiposity indices (BMI/WC) with the gene expression of several biomarkers involved in breast cancer. Methods. Expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α), allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and leptin (LEP) in 141 adipose breast tissues was quantified using qPCR method. BMI and WC were measured by a trained nurse and categorized using the median split, BMILOWCLO, BMILOWCHI, BMIHIWCLO, and BMIHIWCHI. Results. Gene expression of IL-6 (3-fold), TNF-α (2-fold), and LEP (2-fold) was higher in the breast adipose tissue of women with high WC regardless of BMI, that is, BMILOWCHI and BMIHIWCHI women (all

P

 < 0.01). Compared to BMILOWCLO women, gene expression of CYP19A1, COX2, and AIF1 was increased by two-fold in breast adipose tissue of BMIHIWCHI women (

P

 < 0.10). ER-α was not different across adiposity categories. Conclusions. The expression of some biomarkers, particularly those related to inflammation, is elevated in breast adipose tissue of women with a high WC independent of BMI. Obesity monitoring should also include women with normal or low BMI, but with central adiposity.
An Empirical Study on Innovation of College Blended Teaching under Big Data Analysis
Authors: Xie Qianqian , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: August 2021

With the advent of the information age, the way people obtain information has changed profoundly. The wave of informationization in higher education has also come with it, and the teaching mode, teaching content, and teaching form are constantly innovated. How to organically integrate information technology into education teaching in order to care for learners’ learning experience and promote the cultivation of new talents is an issue that current educational technology researchers need to pay great attention to. This paper first builds a complete blended teaching model of public English for higher education, but its application effect needs to be further examined. This paper is an investigation in the background of the current era to build a blended teaching model. Based on the continuous development of the era, the ideology and application technology of this field will keep upgrading, so the teaching model also needs to be changed and updated according to the characteristics of the development of the era. The investigation of mixed teaching modes is not permanent. The investigation of the mixed teaching mode is not permanent. At present, only a few courses apply the blended teaching mode. On the basis of the continuous updating of teaching concepts and the latest technologies, it is foreseen that the focus of subsequent investigations will be on the individualized development of the blended teaching mode.