Screening for osteoporosis within the region of Doboj using heel bone ultra- sound densitometry
Authors: Hadžiavdić Aleksandra 
Published: February 2014

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid572&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 274.964px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.16849);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid573&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 214.391px; top: 274.964px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11674);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;. Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic and metabolic disease of bones that leads to the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid574&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 294.964px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10122);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;loss of the bone mineral density as well as to an increased risk of fracture. Aim of the study is to inves&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid576&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 314.964px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10265);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;tigate the percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in women of various age groups within our region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid577&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 334.964px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08728);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;as well as identification of risk factors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid578&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 364.413px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15857);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid579&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 185.688px; top: 364.413px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11942);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;. Heel bone ultrasound densitometry has been done by an ultrasound densitometer (ULTRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid580&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 868.466px; top: 364.413px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif;&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid581&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 384.413px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09086);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;SONOMETER GE LUNAR 1). Research is done with a direct method using a standard procedure. Risk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid582&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 404.413px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11046);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;factors are divided into three groups and the results are defined in terms of T-score values.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid583&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 433.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15009);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid584&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 174.556px; top: 433.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06723);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;. Research has encompassed 836 patients, out of which 753 (90.1%) are women and 83 (9.9%) are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid585&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 453.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1018);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;men. Average age of female examinees is 52.6 years. In the first risk group we analyze age structure of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid586&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 473.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09548);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;the patients, start of menarche, length of menopause, BMI indexes and T-score values. Results obtained &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid587&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 493.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10709);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;show that there are no significant variations in relation to the epidemiological data mentioned by other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid588&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 513.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07441);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;sources. Analysis of the T-score values and risk factors of the second group, existence of chronic diseases &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid589&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 533.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11929);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;and use of medicines also show that the results obtained match those of the WHO researches. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid589&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 533.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11929);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Results &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid590&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 553.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11185);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;obtained by analysis of the T-score values and risk factors of the third group, smoking and coffee con&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid592&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 573.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11847);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;sumption do not fit into epidemiological studies performed so far and therefore further studies should &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid593&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 593.862px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10858);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;go into that direction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid594&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;br role=&quot;presentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 623.311px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14596);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid595&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 205.122px; top: 623.311px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11241);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;. The aforementioned method is very useful when it comes to detection of the status of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid596&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 643.311px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11087);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;bone density as well as undertaking of timely prevention and osteoporosis treatment. It is necessary to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page10R_mcid597&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 118.11px; top: 663.311px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10955);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;put much more effort into general education about osteoporosis in order to reduce its consequences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;