bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLP-1-mediated delivery of tesaglitazar improves obesity and glucose metabolism in male mice
Authors: Quarta Carmelo , Stemmer Kerstin , Novikoff Aaron , Yang Bin , Klingelhuber Felix , Harger Alex , Bakhti Mostafa , Bastidas-Ponce Aimee , Baugé Eric , Campbell Jonathan E. , Capozzi Megan , Clemmensen Christoffer , Collden Gustav , Cota Perla , Douros Jon , Drucker Daniel J. , DuBois Barent , Feuchtinger Annette , Garcia-Caceres Cristina , Grandl Gerald , Hennuyer Nathalie , Herzig Stephan , Hofmann Susanna M. , Knerr Patrick J. , Kulaj Konxhe , Lalloyer Fanny , Lickert Heiko , Liskiewicz Arek , Liskiewicz Daniela , Maity Gandhari , Perez-Tilve Diego , Prakash Sneha , Sanchez-Garrido Miguel A. , Zhang Qian , Staels Bart , Krahmer Natalie , DiMarchi Richard D. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Finan Brian , Müller Timo D.
Published: August 2022

Dual agonists activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARɑ/ɣ) have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, but their development was discontinued due to potential adverse effects. Here we report the design and preclinical evaluation of a molecule that covalently links the PPARɑ/ɣ dual-agonist tesaglitazar to a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) to allow for GLP-1R-dependent cellular delivery of tesaglitazar. GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar does not differ from the pharmacokinetically matched GLP-1RA in GLP-1R signalling, but shows GLP-1R-dependent PPARɣ-retinoic acid receptor heterodimerization and enhanced improvements of body weight, food intake and glucose metabolism relative to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone in obese male mice. The conjugate fails to affect body weight and glucose metabolism in GLP-1R knockout mice and shows preserved effects in obese mice at subthreshold doses for the GLP-1RA and tesaglitazar. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified PPAR regulated proteins in the hypothalamus that are acutely upregulated by GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar. Our data show that GLP-1RA/tesaglitazar improves glucose control with superior efficacy to the GLP-1RA or tesaglitazar alone and suggest that this conjugate might hold therapeutic value to acutely treat hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance.
Phreatic volcanic eruption preceded by observable shallow groundwater flow at Iwo-Yama, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan
Authors: Aizawa Koki , Muramatsu Dan , Matsushima Takeshi , Koyama Takao , Uyeshima Makoto , Nakao Shigeru
Published: August 2022

It is difficult to forecast phreatic eruptions because they are often characterised by an abrupt onset at shallow depths beneath volcanoes. Here we show that temporal changes in the tilt, tremor, and horizontal electric field have occurred repeatedly near the vent of a small phreatic eruption at Iwo-Yama, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan. Such geophysical changes were observed 13 times, with one of these events occurring immediately before the onset of the 2018 phreatic eruption. These observations suggest that shallow hydrothermal intrusions, which are observed as tilt changes with tremors, commonly induce near-surface cold groundwater flow, which is observed as electric-field changes. Near-surface groundwater flows towards the active vent, potentially inhibiting a phreatic eruption. However, explosive phreatic eruptions occur when the intrusion is shallow and cold groundwater flow is depleted. The near-surface groundwater is key in controlling the occurrence of phreatic eruptions and can be monitored using electric-field measurements.
Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials
Authors: Niu Yu-Qin , Liu Jia-Hui , Aymonier Cyril , Fermani Simona , Kralj Damir , Falini Giuseppe , Zhou Chun-Hui
Published: August 2022

Various new strategies have been recently developed to produce CaCO3micro-/nanoparticles with controlled size, morphology, polymorphism and crystallinity, which are then surface modified, functionalized and hierarchically assembled to yield medical, environmental, and energy materials.
Rational engineering and synthetic applications of a high specificity BiFC probe derived from Springgreen-M
Authors: Sun Yuao , Wang Yao , Chen Keyang , Sun Yujie , Wang Sheng
Published: August 2022

A high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio BiFC assay was developed for efficient detection and flexible visualization of protein–protein interactions under physiological conditions in live cells.
The advent of electrophilic hydroxylamine-derived reagents for the direct preparation of unprotected amines
Authors: Gasser Valentina C. M. , Makai Szabolcs , Morandi Bill
Published: August 2022

Electrophilic aminating reagents have seen a renaissance in recent years as effective nitrogen sources for the synthesis of unprotected amino functionalities.
Sustainable photoanodes for water oxidation reactions: from metal-based to metal-free materials
Authors: Wang Long , Cui Xiaoqi , Xu Yuntao , Anpo Masakasu , Fang Yuanxing
Published: August 2022

Photoelectrochemical system is an appealing approach to harvest solar energy. The focus of this Feature article is photoanode materials, the research interest of which has gradually shifted to metal-free materials for sustainable developments.
General strategy for ATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) submicrospheres with large surface area and its photocatalytic applications
Authors: Wang Ping , Hou Miao , Song Wenli , Zhou Wenli , Zhang Jilin , Yu Liping , Li Chengzhi , Lian Shixun
Published: August 2022

We have proposed a general self-template hydrothermal route for preparing a series of porous ATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) submicrospheres. The obtained porous SrTiO3 hollow spheres showed the highest photocatalytic performance on methylene blue.
Selectivity of volatile organic compounds on the surface of zinc oxide nanosheets for gas sensors
Authors: Thi Hong Hoa Phan , Chihaia Viorel , Kim Le Ong , Hai Pham Thanh , Quan Dang Long , Thanh Huynh Tat , Son Do Ngoc
Published: August 2022

We explored physical insights and selectivity of ZnO nanosheets toward volatile organic compounds via electronic and thermoelectric properties.
Textural control of ionosilicas by ionic liquid templating
Authors: Abdou Nicole , Dieudonné-George Philippe , Brun Nicolas , Mehdi Ahmad , Hesemann Peter
Published: August 2022

Ionic liquids were used as templates for the synthesis of mesoporous ionosilica phases. The textures of the formed solids can be efficiently controlled by adjusting the quantity of the IL and the length of the alkyl chain of the IL.
Structural evolution of iminopyridine support for nickel/palladium catalysts in ethylene (oligo)polymerization
Authors: Mahmood Qaiser , Li Xiaoxu , Qin Lidong , Wang Luyao , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: August 2022

Pyridinylimine is a versatile bidentate support for Ni and Pd precatalysts in ethylene (oligo)polymerization, providing a wide variety of products ranging from volatile oligomers to ultra-high molecular weight polyethene.
Insights into the solution structure of the hydrated uranyl ion from neutron scattering and EXAFS experiments
Authors: Edwards Samuel J. , Bowron Daniel T. , Baker Robert J.
Published: August 2022

The aqueous structure of 1.0 M Uranyl Chloride has been determined by combining neutron diffraction and EXAFS data to give a model that includes bulk and local structural refinements.
Miniaturized sensor for electroanalytical and electrochemiluminescent detection of pathogens enabled through laser-induced graphene electrodes embedded in microfluidic channels
Authors: Gerstl Florian , Pongkitdachoti Uma , Unob Fuangfa , Baeumner Antje J.
Published: August 2022

Miniaturized electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent biosensor using laser-induced graphene electrodes for highly sensitive and selective detection of C. parvum DNA.
Cs2AgxNa1−xBiyIn1−yCl6 perovskites approaching photoluminescence quantum yields of 100%
Authors: Stroyuk Oleksandr , Raievska Oleksandra , Barabash Anastasia , Kupfer Christian , Osvet Andres , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: August 2022

Microcrystalline Cs2AgxNa1−xBiyIn1−yCl6 perovskites synthesized by a single-step green approach showed broadband self-trapped exciton photoluminescence with a champion quantum yield of 98 ± 2%.
Polar engineering regulates photoluminescence-tunable carbon dots for microalgal lipid imaging
Authors: Fu Fangmei , Huang Sirui , Pan Xiaoqin , Lin Junjie , Huang Xiaoman , Liang Zishan , Zeng Guiling , Li Wei , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xuejie , Zheng Mingtao , Zheng Yinjian , Li Qingming , Lei Bingfu
Published: August 2022

Synthesis and purification of three carbon dots and the application of R-CDs in microalgae lipid imaging.
Introduction to the antibiotic and antiviral compounds themed collection
Authors: Sofia Michael J. , Li Xuechen
Published: August 2022

Guest editors Michael J. Sofia and Xuechen Li introduce the themed collection on antibiotic and antiviral compounds.
Controlling the pH-response of branched copolymer nanoprecipitates synthesised by transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT) through telogen chemistry and spatial distribution of tertiary amine functionality
Authors: Penrhyn-Lowe Oliver B. , Cassin Savannah R. , Chambon Pierre , Rannard Steve P.
Published: August 2022

The pH response of macromolecules and nanoprecipitated particles formed from novel amine-containing branched polymers is studied with significantly varied behaviour seen from materials with different spatial distributions of amine groups.
Atomic-level flatness on oxygen-free copper surface in lapping and chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Zhang Zhenyu , Feng Jiajian , Yu Zhibin , Meng Fanning , Xu Guanghong , Wang Jianmei , Wen Wei , Liu Wei
Published: August 2022

Schematic diagram of chemical mechanical polishing on oxygen-free copper: (a) the pristine surface prior to CMP, (b) the chemical reaction, (c) mechanical removal and (d) atomic-level ultra-smooth surface after CMP.
Isoquinolinium-based photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for highly efficient photodynamic combat of viruses
Authors: Gu Meijia , Wu Ming-Yu , Yuan Yuncong , Ho Po-Yu , Zhou Zhou , Zhao Engui , Shen Chao , Chen Sijie
Published: August 2022

This work presents the highly efficient photodynamic combat of viruses by employing three isoquinolinium-based photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.
Catalytic regio- and stereoselective silicon–carbon bond formations on unsymmetric gem-difluorocyclopropenes by capture of silyl metal species
Authors: Xu Hao , Fang Xiao-Jun , Huang Wei-Sheng , Xu Zheng , Li Li , Ye Fei , Cao Jian , Xu Li-Wen
Published: August 2022

A highly regioselective silylation of unsymmetric gem-difluorocyclopropenes was achieved by the capture of in-situ formed silyl metal intermediates, which gave structurally diverse silyldifluorocyclopropanes with good yields and stereoselectivity.
Copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-ester acylhydrazones and β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Zhu Bo , Fan Huihui , Ding Yanan , Zhai Yubing , Wang Le , Wang Mengqi , Zhu Gongming , Chang Junbiao
Published: August 2022

The first copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-ester acylhydrazones and ketones has been developed, affording an array of chiral pyrazolidines containing a trifluoromethyl moiety bearing three vicinal stereocenters.
Bismuth nanoparticles embedded in a carbon skeleton as an anode for high power density potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Shi Xiaoyan , Zhu Wenqing , Zhang Xiaoyue , Yang Zhuo , Li Lin , Hu Zhe , Zhao Qing , Chou Shulei
Published: August 2022

An ultrahigh power density (>10 kW kg−1) potassium-ion full cell was fabricated by using a designed Bi@C composite as the anode. This workproves that potassium-ion batteries are promising candidates for power-type large-scale energy storage devices.
Doping and heterojunction strategies for constructing V-doped Ni3FeN/Ni anchored on N-doped graphene tubes as an efficient overall water splitting electrocatalyst
Authors: Song Guanying , Luo Siqi , Zhou Qing , Zou Jiachen , Lin Yusheng , Wang Lei , Li Guicun , Meng Alan , Li Zhenjiang
Published: August 2022

Benefiting from the synergy of doping and heterojunction strategies, V-Ni3FeN/Ni@N-GTs electrocatalyst composed of heterojunction V-Ni3FeN/Ni anchored on N-doped graphene nanotubes exhibits superior catalytic activity for overall water splitting.
Breast cancer cell-based ELISA: a potential material for better detection of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , Schirmer Uwe , Widder Miriam , Gruel Yves , Rollin Jérôme , Zipfel Peter F. , Nguyen Thi-Huong
Published: August 2022

In comparison with the standard ELISA, our developed cell-based ELISA allows better differentiation between HIT and non-HIT antibodies.
Priming of Prepositional Phrases and Direct Objects in Spanish-Speaking Children
Authors: Cooperson Solaman J. , Taliancich-Klinger Casey L.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The phenomenon of syntactic priming involves speakers repeating sentence structures they have recently experienced. Investigating priming can contribute to understanding of how children learn and generalize linguistic structures. This study examined the priming of two structures, direct object clitic pronouns and prepositional phrases, in Spanish-speaking children.

Method:

Participants were 22 typically developing monolingual Spanish-speaking children ages 4;2 (years;months)–6;3 who attended an early childhood education center in Central Mexico. For each structure, direct object clitic pronouns and prepositional phrases, children were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group heard and repeated sentences that contained the target structure, and the other heard and repeated sentences without the target structure. Participants in both groups described pictures that could be appropriately described with or without the target structure after each prime sentence.

Results:

Results indicated that children were not more likely to produce sentences with an object after hearing and repeating a sentence with a direct object clitic. There was, however, a tendency for children to be more likely to produce sentences with prepositional phrases after hearing and repeating a sentence with a prepositional phrase.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that exposure to prepositional phrases can result in increased use of this structure in novel utterances. However, exposure to pronominal direct objects does not appear to increase production of direct objects, a finding that may relate to the nature of the pronominal object in Spanish. Findings inform our understanding of how typically developing Spanish-speaking children represent these grammatical structures.
Updated orbital monitoring and dynamical masses for nearby M-dwarf binaries
Authors: Calissendorff Per , Janson Markus , Rodet Laetitia , Köhler Rainer , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Brandner Wolfgang , Brown-Sevilla Samantha , Chauvin Gaël , Delorme Philippe , Desidera Silvano , Durkan Stephen , Fontanive Clemence , Gratton Raffaele , Hagelberg Janis , Henning Thomas , Hippler Stefan , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Langlois Maud , Lazzoni Cecilia , Maire Anne-Lise , Messina Sergio , Meyer Michael , Möller-Nilsson Ole , Rabus Markus , Schlieder Joshua , Vigan Arthur , Wahhaj Zahed , Wildi Francois , Zurlo Alice
Published: August 2022

Young M-type binaries are particularly useful for precise isochronal dating by taking advantage of their extended pre-main sequence evolution. Orbital monitoring of these low-mass objects becomes essential in constraining their fundamental properties, as dynamical masses can be extracted from their Keplerian motion. Here, we present the combined efforts of the AstraLux Large Multiplicity Survey, together with a filler sub-programme from the SpHere INfrared Exoplanet (SHINE) project and previously unpublished data from the FastCam lucky imaging camera at the Nordical Optical Telescope (NOT) and the NaCo instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Building on previous work, we use archival and new astrometric data to constrain orbital parameters for 20 M-type binaries. We identify that eight of the binaries have strong Bayesian probabilities and belong to known young moving groups (YMGs). We provide a first attempt at constraining orbital parameters for 14 of the binaries in our sample, with the remaining six having previously fitted orbits for which we provide additional astrometric data and updated Gaia parallaxes. The substantial orbital information built up here for four of the binaries allows for direct comparison between individual dynamical masses and theoretical masses from stellar evolutionary model isochrones, with an additional three binary systems with tentative individual dynamical mass estimates likely to be improved in the near future. We attained an overall agreement between the dynamical masses and the theoretical masses from the isochrones based on the assumed YMG age of the respective binary pair. The two systems with the best orbital constrains for which we obtained individual dynamical masses, J0728 and J2317, display higher dynamical masses than predicted by evolutionary models.
Study of the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in a 1M HCl medium by the ethanolic extract ofRumex Nervosus Vahl leaves
Authors: Al-sharabi Hefdh Aldeen , Bouhlal Fatima , Bouiti Khalid , Bensemlali Meryem , Labjar Najoua , Benabdellah Ghita Amine , Dahrouch Abdelwahed , Laasri Said , El Mahi Mohammed , Lotfi El Mostapha , El Otmani Bouchaib , El Hajjaji Souad
Published: August 2022

Corrosion inhibition effect of Rumex Nervosus Vhal Leaves Extract (RNVLE) on C38 steel in a 1 M HCl medium has been investigated by electrochemical techniques. Inhibition efficiency of (96.0%) and (95.5%) were achieved with (2 g L−1) at ambient temperature. The polarization studies showed that RNVLE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The Nyquist plots showed that increasing RNVLE concentration increases charge transfer resistance and decreases double layer capacitance. RNVLE obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. By noting and matching the values of the correlation coefficientR2of various adsorption isotherms, the adsorption of our inhibitor RNVLE obeys the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999). RNVLE controls the corrosion process through physisorption, according to the calculated free energy (ΔG0ads = –16.1 KJ mol−1). The impact of immersion time was also studied, this study showed that RNVLE could be a good inhibitor for up to 6 h − where the inhibition efficiency at this time was 94.2% − before becoming a lower-quality inhibitor even though it still has a strong inhibitory effect. The extract molecules adsorb on the surface of the metal, according to SEM-EDX analysis, which combines scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The RNVLE can be regarded as an effective corrosion inhibitor for C38 steel in 1M HCl solution, according to these results.
Rehabilitation bei Coronavirus-Erkrankung mit SARS-CoV-2
(COVID-19)
Authors: Platz Thomas , Dewey Stefan , Köllner Volker , Schlitt Axel
Published: August 2022

Eine Coronavirus-Erkrankung mit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) mit ihren unterschiedlichen
Verläufen von mild bis kritisch ist häufig nicht nur eine akute
Erkrankung, sondern führt darüber hinaus bei einem Teil der
Betroffenen zu Organschäden und
Körperfunktionsstörungen, die auch nach der Akutphase
fortbestehen. Wenn die Gesundheitsfolgen die Selbstständigkeit im Alltag
oder die beruflichen Fähigkeiten einschränken, ist eine
spezifische rehabilitative Behandlung angezeigt.
Warum die Perspektive von Public Health so wichtig für
Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung ist
Authors: Loss Julika , Moebus Susanne , Tinnemann Peter
Published: August 2022

In der Regel werden mit dem Begriff „Klimakrise“ Bilder assoziiert,
die einen Planeten mit rauchenden Schloten, Eisbären in Not oder
vertrocknete Getreidefelder zeigen. Dabei ist längst klar, dass der
Klimawandel ein viel komplexeres Phänomen ist. Die Änderungen des
Klimas haben zunehmende Auswirkungen auf alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche und werden
bereits intensiv im Kontext umweltbezogener, politischer, gesundheitlicher und
sozialer Themen diskutiert.
Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Herman Anna , Herman Andrzej P.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge acquired on herbal products and their active constituents with antimicrobial activity used alone and in combination with
antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most promising herbal products and active constituents used alone against multidrug-resistant bacteria are Piper betle
(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa),
Glycyrrhiza glabra (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa), and berberine (methicillin-resistant S. aureus,
A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa), respectively. The synergistic effect of the combination of herbal products and their active constituents with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant
bacteria are also described. These natural antibacterial agents can be promising sources of inhibitors, which can modulate antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria,
especially as efflux pump inhibitors. Other possible mechanisms of action of herbal therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria including modification of the bacterial cell wall and/or
membrane, inhibition of the cell division protein filamenting temperature sensitive Z-ring, and inhibition of protein synthesis and gene expression, all of which will also be discussed. Our
review suggests that combination herbal therapy and antibiotics can be effectively used to expand the spectrum of their antimicrobial action. Therefore, combination therapy against
multidrug-resistant bacteria may enable new choices for the treatment of infectious diseases and represents a potential area for future research.
A Reductive Benzylation for Benzenes Using Aroyl Chlorides and Triethylsilane Catalyzed by Aluminosilicate-Stabilized Silyl Cations on Montmorillonite
Authors: Onaka Makoto , Tanaka Yoshiki , Shibata Shintaro , Hashimoto Kimiko , Masui Yoichi
Published: August 2022

We discovered that the aluminosilicate-stabilized silyl cations, which were created from a solid-acid catalyst, the proton-exchanged montmorillonite, and Et3SiH, efficiently promoted the reductive benzylation of benzenes with aromatic carboxylic acid chlorides and Et3SiH in one pot.
End-of-Treatment FDG PET-CT (EOT-PET) in Patients with Post-Chemotherapy Masses for Seminoma: Can We Avoid Further Intervention?
Authors: Joel Anjana , Singh Ashish , Hepzibah Julie , Devasia Antony , Kumar Santosh , Gnanamuthu Birla Roy , Chandramohan Anuradha , George Arun Jacob Philip , John Nirmal Thampi , Yadav Bijesh , John Ajoy Oommen , Georgy Josh Thomas , John Subhashini , Chacko Raju Titus
Published: August 2022

Context Patients with seminoma present with advanced disease. End-of-treatment (EOT) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is done to assess response and direct management of post-chemotherapy residual masses.

Purpose This article assesses the utility of EOT PET-CT in the management of post-chemotherapy residual lymph nodal masses seminoma.

Materials and Methods We analyzed all patients with seminoma who underwent an EOT PET-CT from January 2015 to January 2020 at our center and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of EOT PET-CT in the entire cohort of patients and among subgroups.

Results A total of 34 male patients underwent EOT PET-CT. Fourteen (41.2%) were stratified as good risk and 20 (58.8%) as intermediate risk. The median follow-up was 23 months (interquartile range: 9.75–53 months). In 23 patients there were residual masses of size more than 3 cm at the EOT PET scan. EOT PET was positive as per the SEMPET criteria in 18 (78%) out of 23 patients. None underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. All four who underwent image-guided biopsy, showed only necrosis on pathology. One patient with positive mediastinal node (standardized uptake value 13.6) had granulomatous inflammation. There was no relapse or progression during this period of follow-up. The NPV for EOT PET-CT for the entire cohort, > 3 cm, and > 6 weeks cutoff were 100%, respectively. The PPV for EOT PET-CT for the entire cohort, > 3 cm residual mass, and > 6 weeks cutoff were 8.7, 11.11, and 6.67%, respectively.

Conclusion EOT PET-CT has a low PPV and high NPV in predicting viable tumor in post-chemotherapy residual masses among patients with seminomatous germ cell tumors. If required, EOT PET positivity can be confirmed by a biopsy or reassessed with a repeat PET-CT imaging to document persistent disease prior to further intervention.
Ancient Respected and Modern Absorbed, Chinese Essence and Western Utility—Thoughts of the Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
Authors: Liu Xiaofa , Li Diangui , Lu Shengda
Published: August 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine are two medical systems formed in different cultural backgrounds. The differences between them are that TCM focuses on the study of the invisible state while Western medicine focuses more on the study of the visible state of the human body; TCM pays attention to systematicity and integrity, while Western medicine pays attention to local evidence; TCM attaches importance to dialectical thinking, while Western medicine attaches importance to materialistic thinking. For the development of TCM, it is necessary to take the initiative to learn from and absorb all the advanced scientific and technological achievements in the world today. To innovate TCM, it is necessary to need to adhere to (1) the integration of “research on TCM with the thought of TCM ” and “research on TCM based on the thought of Western medicine”; (2) the integration of scientization of TCM and scientization for TCM; (3) the integration of mobilization therapy and allopathic therapy; (4) the integration of treating patients and treating diseases; (5) the integration of preventive treatment and existent disease treatment; (6) the integration of individuality and commonality; and (7) the integration of the macro and the micro.
Status of Clinical Application of Yufeng Ningxin Preparations and the Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Lishuang , Ma Yaxia , Wang Ying , Jiang Feng
Published: August 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the status of the clinical application of Yufeng Ningxin (YFNX) preparations and systematically evaluate their efficacy and safety in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods Through searching databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, the literature of clinical research on YFNX preparations in treating malignant tumors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from the establishment of the databases to February 2021 was collected. The clinical randomized controlled trials and case–control studies of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treated with these preparations were analyzed. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies, and meta-analysis was performed by using ReMan 5.3 software to analyze the efficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Results A total of 29 clinical studies were finally included. The dosage forms were dropping pills, tablets, capsules, and granules. The preparations were used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, neuropathic headache, etc. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of YFNX preparations in the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and nervous headache. A total of 1,162 cases were included in 13 studies, 582 cases of the YFNX preparation group and 580 cases of the Western medicine group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of YFNX preparations combined with the Western medicine group in the treatment of coronary heart disease and hypertension, improving electrocardiogram and reducing the frequency and duration of angina attacks, was better than that of the simple Western medicine group, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion YFNX preparations are effective for coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neuropathic headache, and the adverse reactions are few.
Laparoscopic versus Open Appendectomy: A Prospective Comparative Study and 4-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shaikh Aftab H. , Tandur Amarjeet E. , Sholapur Sachin , Vangal Gajanan , Bhandarwar Ajay H. , Ghosh Ahana , Rathod Abhishek
Published: August 2022

Background The aim of this study was to validate the pros of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) over open appendectomy (OA) and to compare various primary outcome measures in the management of acute and recurrent appendicitis.

Study Design Prospective comparative study.

Place and Duration Between June 2015 and October 2019 in JJ Hospital, Mumbai.

Materials and Methods Total of 60 patients with acute and recurrent appendicitis were included in the study. Thirty patients underwent OA and 30 underwent LA. Both groups were comparable clinicopathologically and demographically. Various intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables and chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables. p-Value≤0.001 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results The median age of patients undergoing OA and LA was 24.9 and 25.2 years (p = 0.221), respectively. Female: male ratio in OA and LA was 1.30 and 1.14, respectively (p = 0.795). Mean operative duration in LA and OA group was 47.17 ± 14.39 minutes and 36.9 ± 12.33 minutes (p = 0.001), respectively. Mean length of postoperative stay in LA and OA group was 3.69 ± 0.71 days and 5.28 ± 0.63 days (p = 0.000), respectively. Median visual analogue scale score in LA and OA group was 3.5 and 5 (p = 0.001), respectively. Mean time to return to normal activity in LA and OA group was 8.13 ± 1.33 days and 10.10 ± 2.20 days (p = 0.000), respectively. About 6.66% patients in LA group and 13.33% in OA group had postoperative wound infection (p = 0.652). Mean scar scale scoring done on 30th postoperative day was 4.23 in LA and 8.23 in OA (p = 0.000).

Discussion and Conclusion LA is more promising than OA in the management of acute and recurrent appendicitis. LA offers lesser operative site pain in the postoperative period, shorter postoperative hospital stays, earlier recovery, and return to normal activities and cosmetically better scars on 30th day follow-up. No conversions or significant difference in wound related complications were seen in both groups. Prolonged intraoperative duration was the only drawback of LA.
Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Determining Prognosis in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Dhaka Sonia , Tripathi Rupal , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Mehta Anurag , Maheshwari Udip , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Singh Jatinderpal
Published: August 2022

Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood may play a major role in the metastatic spread of breast cancer. This study was conducted to assess the role of CTCs to determine the prognosis in terms of survival in metastatic breast cancer patients.

Methods This prospective study of 36 patients was conducted at the Hospital from April 2016 to May 2018. Details of each patient related to the demographic profile, tumor type, treatment, and follow-up information were recorded. The number of CTCs in the peripheral blood was measured by Celsee PREP 400 sample processing system and Celsee Analyzer imaging station.

Results There was a positive correlation between the number of site of metastasis with number of CTCs (p-value < 0.001). In the patients with clinical/partial response, a significant reduction in the number of CTCs after 1 month of therapy was observed (p-value = 0.003). When the number of CTCs at baseline and 6 months were compared with the positron emission tomography response at 6 months, a statistically significant difference in CTCs in patients having partial response after 6 months was observed (p-value = 0.001). On comparison with the responder groups, a statistically significant reduction in CTCs at baseline and 6 months was observed (p-value = 0.001). Patients with CTCs less than 5 and more than or equal to 5 after 1 month of treatment had a mean progression-free survival of 11.1 months and 7.5 months (p-value = 0.04) and a mean overall survival of 11.6 and 9.6 months (p-value = 0.08), respectively.

Conclusion Assessment of CTCs provides a more quantifiable response than radiographic evaluation and at a much earlier time point and is also a better predictor of survival.
Femoral Artery Cannulation Timing for a Pediatric Aortic Arch Repair
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohiro , Schindler Ehrenfried
Published: August 2022

We have previously introduced a blood delivery method via femoral artery cannulation to provide perfusion to the organs in the lower part of the body during pediatric aortic arch repair surgeries. In the original procedure, the femoral artery cannulation was performed after the patient had been covered with a sterile drape. Here, we suggest that the femoral artery cannulation should be performed before the patient is draped to allow optimal visibility of the target artery and puncture needle via aseptic real-time ultrasound-guided technique by reducing the inclusions between the patient's skin and ultrasound probe which attenuate the ultrasound beam.
Evaluation of Outcomes of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer Treated at a Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Hamdani Syed Abdul Mannan , Azhar Musa , Wahab Abdul , Yasmeen Tahira , Siddiqui Neelam
Published: August 2022

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC) patients in an Asian population.

Study Design Descriptive observational study.

Place and Duration of Study Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2001 to December 2016.

Methods Data of MOC were evaluated for demographics, tumor stage, clinical characteristics, tumor markers, treatment modalities, and outcomes from electronic Hospital Information System.

Results Nine-hundred patients with primary ovarian cancer were reviewed, out of which 94 patients (10.4%) had MOC. The median age was 36 ± 12.4 years. The most common presentation was abdominal distension 51 (54.3%), while the rest presented with abdominal pain and irregular menstruation. Using FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging, 72 (76.6%) had stage I, 3 (3.2%) stage II, stage III in 12 (12.8%), and 7 (7.4%) had stage IV disease. The majority of patients 75 (79.8%) had early-stage (stage I/II), while 19 (20.2%) presented with advanced-stage (III & IV). The median follow-up duration was 52 months (range 1–199 months). Among patients with early-stage (I&II), 3- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 95%, while for advanced stage (III&IV), PFS was 16% and 8%, respectively. The overall survival (OS) in early-stage I&II was 97%, while for advanced stages III & IV, the OS was 26%.

Conclusion MOC is a challenging and rare subtype of ovarian cancer requiring special attention and recognition. Most patients treated at our center presented with early stages and had excellent outcomes, while advanced-stage disease had dismal results.
Wind turbine quantification and reduction of uncertainties based on a data-driven data assimilation approach
Authors: Hirvoas Adrien , Prieur Clémentine , Arnaud Élise , Caleyron Fabien , Zuniga Miguel Munoz
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose a procedure for quantifying and reducing uncertainties that impact numerical simulations involved in the estimation of the fatigue of a wind turbine structure. The present study generalizes a previous work carried out by the authors proposing to quantify and to reduce uncertainties that affect the properties of a wind turbine model by combining a global sensitivity analysis and a recursive Bayesian filtering approach. We extend the procedure to include the uncertainties involved in the modeling of a synthetic wind field. Unlike the model properties having a static or slow time-variant behavior, the parameters related to the external solicitation have a non-explicit dynamic behavior, which must be taken into account during the recursive inference. A non-parametric data-driven approach to approximate the non-explicit dynamic of the inflow related parameters is used. More precisely, we focus on data assimilation methods combining a nearest neighbor or an analog sampler with a stochastic filtering method such as the ensemble Kalman filter. The so-called data-driven data assimilation approach is used to recursively reduce the uncertainties that affect the parameters related to both model properties and wind field. For the approximation of the non-explicit dynamic of the wind inflow related parameters, in situ observations obtained from a light detection and ranging system and a cup-anemometer device are used. For the data-assimilation procedure, synthetic data simulated from the aero-servo-elastic numerical model are considered. The next investigations will be to verify the procedure with real in situ data.
A local pair-natural orbital-based complete-active space perturbation theory using orthogonal localized virtual molecular orbitals
Authors: Saitow Masaaki , Uemura Kazuma , Yanai Takeshi
Published: August 2022

The multireference second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) is known to deliver a quantitative description of various complex electronic states. Despite its near-size-consistent nature, the applicability of the CASPT2 method to large, real-life systems is mostly hindered by large computational and storage costs for the two-external tensors, such as two-electron integrals, amplitudes, and residuum. To this end, Menezes and co-workers developed a reduced-scaling CASPT2 scheme by incorporating the local pair-natural orbital (PNO) representation of the many-body wave functions using non-orthonormal projected atomic orbitals (PAOs) into the CASPT theory [F. Menezes et al., J. Chem. Phys. 145, 124115 (2016)]. Alternatively, in this paper, we develop a new PNO-based CASPT2 scheme using the orthonormal localized virtual molecular orbitals (LVMOs) and assess its performance and accuracy in comparison with the conventional PAO-based counterpart. Albeit the compactness, the LVMOs were considered to perform somewhat poorly compared to PAOs in the local correlation framework because they caused enormously large orbital domains. In this work, we show that the size of LVMO domains can be rendered comparable to or even smaller than that of PAOs by the use of the differential overlap integrals for domain construction. Optimality of the MOs from the CASSCF treatment is a key to reducing the LVMO domain size for the multireference case. Due to the augmented Hessian-based localization algorithm, an additional computational cost for obtaining the LVMOs is relatively minor. We demonstrate that the LVMO-based PNO-CASPT2 method is routinely applicable to large, real-life molecules such as Menshutkin SN2 reaction in a single-walled carbon nanotube reaction field.
Best impedance matching seeking of single-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas by numerical simulations
Authors: Yu Shimin , Chen Zili , Wu Hao , Guo Lianbo , Wang Zhijiang , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: August 2022

Impedance matching can maximize the absorbed power transferred to the plasma load and minimize the reflected power, making it critical and indispensable for capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs). The external circuit usually interacts with the plasma nonlinearly, so the global simulation of the external circuit and plasma and the matching design is very challenging. In this work, an a priori model was proposed to match the plasma impedance and the external circuit impedance for single-frequency CCPs. By calculating the plasma impedance and the matching network, the matching parameters were iteratively updated to find the best matching parameters. By adjusting the capacitance and the inductance of the circuit by numerical simulations, the reflection coefficient can be significantly reduced. At the same time, the plasma power absorption efficiency will be significantly improved. The universality of the method was demonstrated by choosing different initial circuit, discharge, and plasma parameters. The proposed method provides an effective matching design reference for CCPs.
X-ray focusing to 62 keV by compound refractive lenses for high-pressure x-ray diffraction
Authors: Hirao Naohisa , Ohishi Yasuo
Published: August 2022

This study describes high-energy x-ray focusing optics using compound refractive lenses (CRLs) for high-pressure x-ray diffraction (XRD) with a monochromatic x-ray beam. A CRL-based x-ray transfocator was upgraded and installed in the optics hutch at the BL10XU beamline of SPring-8. The instrument can be equipped with two types of CRLs in parallel: a newly designed aluminum (Al) CRL for x-ray energies of 40–62 keV and an existing glassy carbon CRL for those up to 40 keV. In only the Al-CRL-based x-ray transfocator, a 62 keV monochromatic x-ray beam with horizontal (H) and vertical (V) focused spots, whose sizes were 189 and 10.5 µm, respectively, and a flux of 1.32 × 1011 phs/s were generated. A polymer SU-8 CRL fabricated via deep x-ray lithography was installed to further reduce the x-ray beam size. The Al-CRL and the SU-8 CRL were combined to generate a smaller spot size of 12.5 (H) × 11.0 (V) μm2 with a flux of 3 × 1010 phs/s at 62 keV. A two-step optical configuration combining an x-ray transfocator and SU-8 CRL provides a valuable method for high-pressure XRD using a high-energy x-ray focused beam. The optical design and performance of the Al-CRL-based x-ray transfocator, its combination with the SU-8 CRL, and the first results of the focusing optics commissioning are presented here.
Revealing the role of Σ3{112} Si grain boundary local structures in impurity segregation
Authors: Maji Rita , Luppi Eleonora , Degoli Elena
Published: August 2022

The interfacial structure of a silicon grain boundary (Si-GB) plays a decisive role on its chemical functionalization and has implications in diverse physical–chemical properties of the material. Therefore, the GB interface is particularly relevant when the material is employed in high performance technological applications. Here, we studied from first principles the role of GB interface by providing an atomistic understanding of two different Σ3{112} Si-GB models. These models are (1×1) and (1×2) Σ3{112} Si-GBs, which lead to different structural reconstruction. Starting from these two models, we have shown that geometry optimization has an important role on the structural reconstruction of the GB interface and, therefore, on its properties. For this reason, we discussed different methodologies to define an optimal relaxation protocol. The influence of the local structures in (1×1) and (1×2) models has also been investigated in the presence of vacancies where different light impurities of different valency (C, N, H, O) can segregate. We studied how local structures in (1×1) and (1×2) models are modified by the presence of vacancies and impurities. These structural modifications have been correlated with the changes of the energetics and electronic properties of the GBs. The behavior of (1×1) and (1×2) models was demonstrated to be significantly different. The interaction with vacancies and the segregation of C, N, H, and O are significantly different depending on the type of local structures present in Σ3{112} Si-GB.
Optical properties of single metallic nanorods: An analytical model
Authors: Huang Cheng-ping , Yin Xiao-gang
Published: August 2022

It is well known that the optical properties of spherical metal particles can be described with the Rayleigh approximation or the rigorous Mie theory. However, for the single metallic nanorods, a theory well capturing the fundamental resonance and scattering features is still absent. In this study, an analytical model is developed for the metallic nanorod, considering the longitudinally non-uniform conduction current and surface charges. With the circuit parameters deduced from the kinetic and electromagnetic energy of the nanorod, a formula, which agrees well with the simulations, has been suggested for the resonance wavelength of the fundamental longitudinal mode. Moreover, by introducing the radiative resistance to the circuit theory, the dipole moment, the extinction spectrum, and the near-field enhancement of the nanorod have been derived analytically and confirmed numerically. The results are important for understanding the optical properties of the metallic nanorods and provide a guideline for designing the light scattering and absorption.
Site-selective introduction of MnO2 co-catalyst onto gold nanocubes via plasmon-induced charge separation and galvanic replacement for enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Kim Kangseok , Nishi Hiroyasu , Tatsuma Tetsu
Published: August 2022

For energy harvesting with plasmonic photocatalysis, it is important to optimize geometrical arrangements of plasmonic nanomaterials, electron (or hole) acceptors, and co-catalysts so as to improve the charge separation efficiency and suppress charge recombination. Here, we employ a photocatalytic system with Au nanocubes on TiO2 and introduce MnO2 as an oxidation co-catalyst onto the nanocubes via site-selective oxidation based on plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS). However, it has been known that PbO2 is the only material that can be deposited onto Au nanomaterials through PICS with sufficient site-selectivity. Here we addressed this issue by introducing an indirect approach for MnO2 deposition via site-selective PbO2 deposition and subsequent galvanic replacement of PbO2 with MnO2. The indirect approach gave nanostructures with MnO2 introduced at around the top part, bottom part, or entire surface of the Au nanocubes on a TiO2 electrode. The activity of those plasmonic photocatalysts was strongly dependent on the location of MnO2. The key to improving the activity is to separate MnO2 from TiO2 to prevent recombination of the positive charges in MnO2 with the negative ones in TiO2.
Filamentation-based, two-beam, 1-kHz, and single-shot N2 vibrational CARS thermometry in high-temperature flames
Authors: Tian Ziyang , Zhao Huijie , Gao Yiqian , Wei Haoyun , Tan Yidong , Li Yan
Published: August 2022

We achieve two-beam, 1-kHz, and single-shot N2 vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry using hybrid femtosecond/picosecond CARS in high-temperature flames. Ultrabroadband pump/Stokes pulses are generated employing the filamentation of high-power femtosecond pulses and can excite the Raman shift up to ∼3000 cm−1. This configuration can avoid the need of a long hollow-core fiber and an additional supercontinuum compressor to obtain ultrabroadband pulses. The quasi-common-path second harmonic bandwidth compression system is utilized to generate narrow-band and sideband-free picosecond pulses, which are employed as the probe pulses in the CARS process. The accuracy and the precision of the fitting results from 1000 consecutive single-shot spectra at a target temperature of 1706 K are 0.66% and 4.47%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the simplified two-beam system has the potential for dynamic and accurate temperature measurement in practical applications.