bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatics and Syntax of the Discourse: Designation of the Speech Property and the Manner of Expression in the Contemporary Communication
Authors: Шапошников  , Shaposhnikov Vladimir
Published: March 2015

Constructive signs that occupy the important state by forming and organizing

of the think, the means of the speech property and subjective manner

of the expression denotation in discourse are considered. The specifics of

their content and constructive components and the role of the discoursemodal

words in the utterance are determined$ their functional-stylistic attitude

in the language system is fixed. The going linguistic changes are

described; becoming obsolete and disappearing of some words, appearing

of the new words and their structural-communicative state, the transformation

of some language units meanings are described.
Developing of Linguosociocultural Competence at Training German Special Lexis on the Subject: «The Solution to Financial Questions in Day-to-day Life While Being in Germany»
Authors: Шмаль  , Shmal Meri , Феклистова  , Feklistova L.
Published: March 2015

This paper presents the research results of language problems to the point

of financial regulation for the students educated for international programme

in German-speaking countries and the materials schemed out for the practical

using of linguistic means for the solution of these problems in the process

of formation of the foreign communicative competence of the students

studying German as the second foreign language.
To the Question about a Social Role of the Critical Text Author and Its Linguistic Actualization
Authors: Кремер  , Kremer Inessa
Published: March 2015

The article dwells upon the social role of the critical text author and its linguistic realization. Theoretical aspects of the problem are introduced. A wide range of verbal means for the expression of the social role of the peer reviewer is presented. Objective and subjective positions of the peer reviewer are elicited as a result of the analisis. The main attention is drawn to the personally-oriented analysis of the critical text.
Fractured neck of femur patients: Rehabilitation and the acute hospital
Authors: Chalk Daniel , Pitt Martin
Published: March 2015

Typically, fractured neck of femur patients admitted to an acute hospital are discharged to a community hospital for a period of rehabilitation after their treatment. However, there is concern that this might unnecessarily extend the total period of hospitalisation for these patients. Using data from a local acute hospital, we used discrete event simulation to predict the practicability of fractured neck of femur patients remaining in an acute hospital for their entire superspell (the overall length of stay across hospitals). We tested scenarios in which patient superspell duration was shortened, as well as a scenario in which no reduction in superspell length was observed. The model predicts that—even assuming that the superspell of fractured neck of femur patients could be significantly reduced—bed occupancy levels at the acute hospital would increase to operationally infeasible levels. Therefore, it is unlikely that fractured neck of femur patients could remain in a typical acute hospital unless there were sufficient increases in available resources.
Case study 1: Enuresis
Authors: Croghan Emma
Published: March 2015

This new series aims to offer practical case studies on a range of clinical topics. The first one focuses on the assesment, diagnosis and treatment plan for a 6-year-old boy with nocturnal enuresis.
Stimulating interest: A brief introduction to drugs for ADHD
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2015

About 1-in-20 children and adolescents have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parental training and education, and psychological treatment for patients, are the usual first-line treatments for moderate ADHD. NICE recommends drugs for severe ADHD, as well as for children with moderate ADHD who refused non-drug treatment, or whose symptoms and impairment did not respond adequately to training, education and psychological treatment. The drug choice needs to be individualised, form part of a comprehensive treatment plan and carers (including school staff) need to remain alert for adverse events. This article briefly introduces the place of, and some issues surrounding, stimulants for ADHD.
Promoting health literacy in secondary schools: A review
Authors: Hagell Ann , Rigby Emma , Perrow Frances
Published: March 2015

Schools provide a key platform for promoting health literacy in young people. Despite a long history of initiatives to create health promoting schools, and extensive literature on the construct of health literacy, there is much less research on using the school nursing workforce to promote health literacy, particularly in the English school context. In this paper we review the relevant literature and distil key messages. The school nursing workforce is small, and needs to work in partnership with other agencies. While there are clear opportunities there are also constraints on what can be achieved. As well as providing basic health information, for real health literacy to develop young people need to learn skills and become empowered to take action. More research is needed to establish how school nurses can contribute to this in the broader context of health promoting schools.
Fifty-Year Durability Evaluation of Posts Treated with Industrial Wood Preservatives
Authors: Lebow Stan , Lebow Patricia , Woodward Bessie , Kirker Grant , Arango Rachel
Published: March 2015

Long-term durability data are needed to improve service life estimates for treated wood products used as critical structural supports in industrial applications. This article reports the durability of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) posts pressure treated with ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA), chromated copper arsenate (CCA), creosote, or pentachlorophenol and exposed for 50 years in southern Mississippi. During inspections, posts were subjected to a pass/fail evaluation by applying a load to the top of the post. No failures occurred in any of the 125 posts treated with CCA or in any of the 75 posts treated with pentachlorophenol. Three of 25 ACA-treated posts and 5 of 25 creosote-treated posts failed. Estimated times to 50 percent failure in the ACA- and creosote-treated posts were calculated as 96 and 78 years, respectively. The estimated years to failure for the CCA- and pentachlorophenol-treated posts could not be calculated because of the lack of failures but presumably would be greater than that calculated for the ACA- and creosote-treated posts. The durability of the posts is notable because the exposure site presents a severe biodeterioration hazard. The results of this study indicate that in-service posts, poles, and piles treated to standardized retentions with these industrial preservatives will be highly durable.
Expression of Metabolism-Related Proteins in Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Koo Ja Seung , Yoon Jin Sook
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

To investigate the expression and the clinical implications of metabolism-related proteins in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in comparison with salivary gland ACC.

Methods:

Human tissue samples of lacrimal gland ACC (n = 11) and salivary gland ACC (n = 64) were analyzed. Immunochemistry was used to measure expression of proteins related to glycolysis (glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and monocarboxylate transporter 4 [MCT4]), glutaminolysis (glutaminase 1 [GLS1], glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH], and amino acid transporter 2 [ASCT2]), mitochondria (adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase, succinate dehydrogenase A [SDHA], and succinate dehydrogenase B), and glycolytic intermediate metabolism (phosphoserine phosphatase [PSPH], serine hydroxymethyl transferase 1 [SHMT1]).

Results:

GLS1 and ASCT2 were more highly expressed, and GDH, ATP synthase, and SDHA were expressed to a lesser degree in lacrimal gland ACC than in salivary gland ACC (P < .05). Lacrimal gland ACC showed less of a mitochondrial phenotype than did salivary gland ACC (P = .001). Positivity of MCT4 and PSPH was related to shorter disease-free survival, and SHMT1 was related to shorter overall survival (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Lacrimal gland ACC exhibited higher expression of GLS1 and ASCT2, compared with salivary gland ACC. Overexpression of MCT4, PSPH, and SHMT1 was associated with poorer prognosis.
Beyond Asian? Beyond cinema? Intermediality, the performative and the cosmopolitan in the recent documentary films of Evans Chan
Authors: Ingham Mike
Published: March 2015

In Evans Chan’s latest documentary Datong: the Great Society (2011) on the life of would-be Qing Dynasty reformer Kang Youwei and his daughter Kang Tongbi in China, the United States and in exile in Sweden the device of theatrical performance is foregrounded, as it has often been in other documentary films by Chan. To those less familiar with Chan’s signature style the decision to employ stage actors rather than film actors, and to eschew the typical drama-documentary’s recourse to mimetic pictorial realism can defamiliarize. In this essay it will be argued that the notions of performance and theatricality that permeate much of this auteur director’s work, are congruent with both his film-making aesthetic and his intellectual pre-occupations.
Considerations on automation of coating machines
Authors: Tilsch Markus K. , O’Donnell Michael S.
Published: March 2015

Most deposition chambers sold into the optical coating market today are outfitted with an automated control system. We surveyed several of the larger equipment providers, and nine of them responded with information about their hardware architecture, data logging, level of automation, error handling, user interface, and interfacing options. In this paper, we present a summary of the results of the survey and describe commonalities and differences together with some considerations of tradeoffs, such as between capability for high customization and simplicity of operation.
Reference ranges of serum bile acids in children and adolescents
Authors: Jahnel Jörg , Zöhrer Evelyn , Scharnagl Hubert , Erwa Wolfgang , Fauler Günter , Stojakovic Tatjana
Published: March 2015

Bile acids (BA) are found predominantly in bile but also in serum, where they can be used as markers for inborn and acquired hepatobiliary disorders. We measured serum BA levels by mass spectrometry to determine reference ranges for healthy children and adolescents in different age groups.

In 194 healthy children and adolescents (0–19 years) concentrations of serum BA and BA composition were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Individuals were classified by ages into five groups: 0–5 months, 6–24 months, 3–5 years, 6–11 years, and >11 years.

The 95% confidence interval of serum total BA values in newborns was 3.85–6.32 μmol/L. In the cohort aged 6–24 months total BA values were significantly higher (6.61–9.43 μmol/L; p<0.001). During growth, values decreased (6–11 years; 3.61–5.41 μmol/L), and after 11 years (3.09–4.12 μmol/L) resembled those in adults (0.28–6.50 μmol/L). With respect to conjugation patterns, in neonates BA were primarily conjugated with taurine; however, after 6 months glycine conjugates clearly predominated.

: Our data show that serum BA values vary substantially during the first years of life and that reference ranges for BA are age-dependent. The physiologic mechanisms underlying these variations remain to be determined.
Overview of the roles of Sox2 in stem cell and development
Authors: Feng Ruopeng , Wen Jinhua
Published: March 2015

Sox2 is well known for its functions in embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, maintenance, and self-renewal, and it is an essential factor in generating inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It also plays an important role in development and adult tissue homeostasis of different tissues, especially the central nervous system. Increasing evidence has shown that aging is a stemness-related process in which Sox2 is also implicated as a key player, especially in the neural system. These distinct roles that Sox2 plays involve delicate regulatory networks consisting of other master transcription factors, microRNAs and signaling pathways. Additionally, the expression level of Sox2 can also be modulated transcriptionally, translationally or post-translationally. Here we will mainly review the roles of Sox2 in stem cell related development, homeostasis maintenance, aging processes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
Effects of the Types and Addition Amounts of Sludge on the True Rheological Properties of Petroleum Coke Slurry Flowing in Pipelines
Authors: Liu Meng , Duan Yufeng , Ma Xiuyuan
Published: March 2015

Effects of the types and addition amounts of sludge on the true rheological properties of petroleum coke water/sludge slurry (PCWS/PCSS) flowing in pipelines were investigated using the Tikhonov regularization method. Results show that PCWS of 59.8 wt% changes from pseudo-plastic fluid to dilatant fluid as the shear rate increases. However, PCWS of 63.4 wt% is a very complex fluid: shear thinning at low shear rate, followed by shear thickening over a critical shear rate, and a subsequent shear thinning at high shear rate. Rheological properties of PCWS have a significant change after the sludge was added. PCSS changes from dilatant fluid to pseudo-plastic fluid when the addition amounts of sewage sludge ascend to 10 wt%. Petroleum coke particles are trapped by the stable “network” structures, which are formed by flocculent sludge particles. The wall slip velocity of PCSS is higher than that of PCWS with the sludge amount increases, which is beneficial for pipe transportation. In addition, the wall slip velocity of PCSS containing sewage or petrochemical sludge increases with the wall shear rate increases, but the slip velocity of PCSS containing paper mill sludge first increases and then decreases.
On the Exact Solutions of the Thomas Equation by Algebraic Methods
Authors: Al-Ghafri K. S.
Published: March 2015

The Thomas equation is studied to obtain new exact solutions. The wave transformation technique is applied to simplify the main form of the Thomas equation from partial differential equation (PDE) to an ordinary differential equation (ODE). The modified tanh and (

G
′

/

G

$$G'/G$$

)-expansion methods are used with the aid of Maple software to arrive at exact solutions for the Thomas equation. Many types of solutions are obtained.
Social Media in Crisis: When Professional Responders Meet Digital Volunteers
Authors: Hughes Amanda Lee , Tapia Andrea H.
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we examine the socio-technical impact that social media has had on coordination between professional emergency responders and digital volunteers. Drawing from the research literature, we outline the problem space and explore ways to improve coordination and collaboration between these two groups. Possible improvements include mediators, revisiting trust, emergency policy and process changes, a bounded social environment, digital volunteer data as context, and computational solutions. As the space matures and collaboration improves, we predict that professional responders will begin to rely on the data and products produced by digital volunteers. Volunteer groups will be challenged to mature as well, to develop volunteer management systems, permanent staff, data management practices, and training for new volunteers to ensure consistent response to professional responders as needed.
Novel Scheme of Carrier Tri-reuse and Distribution Fiber Protection Based on Round Shift Method in Optical Access Network
Authors: Chen Haibin , Gan Chaoqin , Yin Maojun , Ni Cuiping
Published: March 2015

A novel architecture of optical access network based on round shift method is proposed. Round shift method is composed by round service mode of carriers and cycle characteristic of 2×
Non-invasive detection of free hemoglobin in red blood cell concentrates for quality assurance
Authors: Netz Uwe J. , Hirst Lesley , Friebel Moritz
Published: March 2015

There is currently no non-invasive measurement method available on the market for the quality control of red cell concentrates (RCCs). As the level of free hemoglobin is an indicator for hemolysis resulting from destroyed or overaged red blood cells, it is an important parameter to assess the quality and usability of RCCs before transfusion. A new optical device has been developed and tested to enable the measurement of the free hemoglobin concentration non-invasively in RCCs.
A patient with novel mutations causing MEN1 and hereditary multiple osteochondroma
Authors: Remde Hanna , Kaminsky Elke , Werner Mathias , Quinkler Marcus
Published: March 2015

We report of a male patient aged 32 years who presented with primary hyperparathyroidism. Three parathyroid glands were resected. At the age of 46 years, nervus facialis irritation was noted, and an MRI scan incidentally revealed a non-functioning pituitary adenoma with affection of the chiasma opticum. The patient underwent transsphenoidal operation resulting in pituitary insufficiency postoperatively. At the same time, primary hyperparathyroidism reoccurred and a parathyroid adenoma located at the thymus was resected. The mother of the patient died early due to multiple tumors. The patient was suspected to have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and genetic analysis was performed. In addition, on clinical examination, multiple exostoses were noticed and an additional genetic analysis was performed. His father was reported to have multiple osteochondromas too. MEN1 was diagnosed in the patient showing a novel heterozygote mutation c.2T>A in exon 2, codon 1 (start codon ATG>AAG;p.Met1?) of the MEN1 gene. In genetic mutational analysis of the EXT1 gene, another not yet known mutation c.1418-2A>C was found in intron 5 of the EXT1 gene (heterozygotic). In conclusion, we report novel mutations of the EXT1 and the MEN1 genes causing hereditary multiple osteochondromas and MEN1 in one patient.

Learning points

It is important to ask for the patient's family history in detail.

Patients with MEN1 are characterized by the occurrence of tumors in multiple endocrine tissues and nonendocrine tissues, most frequently parathyroid (95%), enteropancreatic neuroendocrine (50%), and anterior pituitary (40%) tissues.

Familiar MEN1 has a high degree of penetrance (80–95%) by the age over 50; however, combinations of the tumors may be different in members of the same family.

Patients with EXT1 gene mutations should be monitored for possible transformation of bone lesions into osteochondrosarcoma.
Genome-Wide Association Study Based on Multiple Imputation with Low-Depth Sequencing Data: Application to Biofuel Traits in Reed Canarygrass
Authors: Ramstein Guillaume P , Lipka Alexander E , Lu Fei , Costich Denise E , Cherney Jerome H , Buckler Edward S , Casler Michael D
Published: March 2015

Genotyping by sequencing allows for large-scale genetic analyses in plant species with no reference genome, but sets the challenge of sound inference in presence of uncertain genotypes. We report an imputation-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L., Phalaris caesia Nees), a cool-season grass species with potential as a biofuel crop. Our study involved two linkage populations and an association panel of 590 reed canarygrass genotypes. Plants were assayed for up to 5228 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and 35 traits. The genotypic markers were derived from low-depth sequencing with 78% missing data on average. To soundly infer marker-trait associations, multiple imputation (MI) was used: several imputes of the marker data were generated to reflect imputation uncertainty and association tests were performed on marker effects across imputes. A total of nine significant markers were identified, three of which showed significant homology with the Brachypodium dystachion genome. Because no physical map of the reed canarygrass genome was available, imputation was conducted using classification trees. In general, MI showed good consistency with the complete-case analysis and adequate control over imputation uncertainty. A gain in significance of marker effects was achieved through MI, but only for rare cases when missing data were <45%. In addition to providing insight into the genetic basis of important traits in reed canarygrass, this study presents one of the first applications of MI to genome-wide analyses and provides useful guidelines for conducting GWAS based on genotyping-by-sequencing data.
Ruthenium(II)-nitrosyl polypyridinyl Complexes: from NO/ON Isomerization to NO delivery
Authors: Lacroix Pascal G. , Malfant Isabelle
Published: March 2015

Ruthenium-nitrosyl (RuII(NO)) complexes are stable in the dark, but exhibit a unique photoreactivity which can lead either to a solid state isomerization from RuII(NO) to RuII(ON), or to a nitric oxide (NO·) release in solution. From our recent discovery of a high yield of isomerization (> 92%) in [RuII(py)4Cl(NO)](PF6)2, we have developed a computational strategy aimed at designing switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) material with high contrast (large difference in the on / off NLO response) in the solid state. Our synthetic targets are terpyridine based RuII chromophores in which various substituents can be introduced to adjust the NLO response which, at best, should be vanishing in the off state. Alternatively, these complexes can undergo a photo-induced NO· release in solution, a possibility which becomes increasingly appealing in relation to the discovery of the numerous biological roles of NO·, in the context of the emergence of the photodynamic therapy. A promising fluorene-terpyridine RuII(NO) complex was investigated, which could find an additional interest in relation to its capability for releasing NO· by a two-photon absorption process.
Molecular Relaxation of the Side Groups in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films in GHz Frequency Range
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan Siva , Arias de Fuentes Olimpia L. , Prokhorov Evgen , Mauricio‐Sanchez Araceli , Mendoza Moisés Oviedo , Luna-Barcenas Gabriel
Published: March 2015

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a synthetic polymer which has been used in a wide variety of applications. This polymer has been extensively investigated by a large number of techniques to shed light about its physical and chemical properties. In this work, for fist time, high frequency (1x109-3x109 Hz) relaxation process has been observed in the PVA films in the temperature range of -100C to +1200C. This relaxation exhibits negative activation energy below glass transition temperature Tg and at higher temperature positive activation energy with subsequent saturation. Upon cooling the activation energy was negative again. This high frequency relaxation process and its temperature dependence can be attributed to the interaction of the bounded water and the changes of energy and freedom of movement of OH side molecular chains groups. This conclusion has been supported by in situ FTIR measurements. A possible scenario of this relaxation and dynamics of molecular motion has been proposed.
Solid State NMR Analysis of Two Grafted Biopolymers
Authors: Cedillo Gerardo , Bucio Emilio
Published: March 2015

A potential alternative to achieve smart materials for biomedical applications is the combination of natural and synthetic polymers. In order to understand the structure and properties of two γ-radiation grafted biopolymers, chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS/PNIPAAm) and cotton-g-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (CG-DMAEMA) were analyzed by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) 13C-CPMAS at different contact times (tCP). The use of different tCP in this grafted biopolymers showed that chemical shifting, broadening, size and symmetry of the some signals, gives important information for structure elucidation and molecular mobility. SSNMR spectra indicate changes in the local order structure, CG suffered less modifications when it is grafted than CS. CG-g-DMAEMA spectrum is very similar to CG spectrum, in contrast with spectrum of CS-g-NIPAAm, is very different than CS. Spectra of swelling polymers in water showed more structural information about secondary structure.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Grafted Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Acetylated Wheat Straw Fibers
Authors: Sánchez Ramón , Aguilar Jacobo , Martínez Silvia Y. , Sanjuan Reyes J. , Mejía Gerardo A. , Macías Emma R. , Soltero J Félix A. , Fernández Víctor V. A.
Published: March 2015

Dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) and grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) composites reinforced with acetylated wheat straw fibers (WSF) is reported in this work. The materials were prepared with different fiber particle sizes (40, 80 and 140 U.S. mesh) and at different fiber contents (5, 10 and 15 wt.%). The PP and PP-g-MA composites, where anhydride maleic (MA) was used as coupling agent, were obtained using a twin-screw extruder; whereas an injection-molding machine molded the composite pellets into testing specimens. To observe the morphology of the composites, micrographs were taken with an optical microscope. The Dynamic mechanical properties were analyzed using a torsional rheometer. The morphological analysis showed a high porous structure somehow similar to foamed materials. The storage modulus (G′) increased by increasing the fiber content, and decreased with fiber particle sizes for the PP composites. Meanwhile, the use of the coupling agent additive promoted a modulus increase due to higher fiber-polymer interaction, from better adhesion and chemical bonds formation between the fibers-coupling agent-PP.
Investigation of Mg2Si formation from Si and Mg by using spark plasma sintering synthesis
Authors: Sunohara Kota , Arai Koya , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Fujimoto Kenjiro , Yamaguchi Yuki , Iida Tsutomu , Nishio Keishi
Published: March 2015

In this study, we fabricated Mg2Si from metal Mg and Si with different particle sizes (425 - 300, 300 - 180, and 75 μm or less) using spark plasma sintering (SPS) equipment. Additionally, the Mg2Si formation was investigated. A sieved Si powder was mixed with metal Mg powder in an inert gas (Ar) atmosphere. The mixture was placed in a graphite die while still in an Ar atmosphere and subjected to SPS at 923 K and 1113 K. The obtained sintering bodies were Mg2Si particles with a size of about 5 μm. Then, the sintered bodies were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a result, it was confirmed that generation of Mg2Si increased with decreasing Si particle size.
Preparation and Powder Characteristics of LNF Compounds for Application in SOFCs
Authors: Ramirez Bruna N. , Fonseca Fábio C. , Escote Márcia T.
Published: March 2015

LaNi(1-x)FexO3 (LNF) compounds, with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, have interesting physical properties such as high ionic and electronic conductivity, good catalytic activity for oxygen reduction, and thermodynamic compatibility with the YSZ electrolyte, which makes them potential candidates for SOFCs (solid oxides fuel cells) cathodes. Order for these excellent properties are achieved, it is necessary to ensure the presence of the homogeneous phase LNF. The methods for preparing these compounds influence the formation and stabilization of the homogeneous phase and therefore the physical properties of these oxides. For this reason, this work deals with the synthesis of the family of compounds LNF and the correlation between the synthesis and the physical properties obtained. In this context, LNF compounds were synthesized by a modified Pechini method for production of powders. Two different synthetic routes were employed, changing the source of nickel: nickel acetate and nickel nitrate. In order to study the thermal evolution of the LNF phase in these compounds, thermal analysis (DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. The XRD was verified that the series of compounds synthesized by nickel acetate originated monophasic samples different from those obtained with nickel nitrate. We studied the influence of time and sintering temperature on the superficial characteristics of the samples and it was observed the reduction in sintering time allowed obtaining powders of perovskite phase, with grain sizes and smaller clusters than what was observed in the compound -treated for 10 h. To characterize the particle size, the powders were characterized by curves absorption/desorption (BET). The results also show that heat treatment for shorter times resulted in decreased particle size as well as increase the surface area of the compounds.
Patterned Deposition of Nanoparticles Using Dip Pen Nanolithography For Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Dahlberg Kevin F. , Woods Kelly , Jenkins Carol , Broadbridge Christine C. , Schwendemann Todd C.
Published: March 2015

Ordered carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by deposition of nanoparticle catalysts using dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is presented. DPN is a direct write, tip based lithography technique capable of multi-component deposition of a wide range of materials with nanometer precision. A NanoInk NLP 2000 is used to pattern different catalytic nanoparticle solutions on various substrates. To generate a uniform pattern of nanoparticle clusters, various conditions need to be considered. These parameters include: the humidity in the vessel, temperature, and tip-surface dwell time. By patterning different nanoparticle solutions next to each other, identical growth conditions can be compared for different catalysts in a streamlined analysis process. Fe, Ni, and Co nanoparticle solutions patterned on silicon, mica, and graphite substrates serve as nucleation sites for CNT growth. The CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction. Each nanoparticle patterned substrate is placed in a tube furnace held at 725°C during CNT growth. The carbon source used in the growth chamber is toluene. The toluene is injected at a rate of 5 mL/hr. Growth is observed for Fe and Ni nanoparticle patterns, but is lacking for the Co patterns. The results of these reactions provide important information regarding efficient and highly reproducible mechanisms for CNT growth.
Evaluation of Concordance between Learning Outcomes of Basic Medical Education Courses and Assessment Items of the Medical Licensing Examination
Authors: Kim Na Jin , Park In Ae , Kim Eum Ju , Baek Seung Ae , Kwon Nani , Lee Hye In , Kim Su Young
Published: March 2015

During the education reform in 2009, the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine (CUMC) adopted body systems as the basis for structuring basic medical education. After running the new program for 5 years, we need to evaluate the program by comparing it with nationwide standards. This study was designed to evaluate the coverage of our basic medical education program by comparing it with the assessment items of the medical licensing examination for physicians in the Republic of Korea. We built a relational database populated with 3,017 learning outcomes from all the courses on basic medical education. We tagged each learning outcome according to 2 criteria: 206 physician encounters and 9 outcome domains. A majority of the learning outcomes were in the domains of ‘knowledge’ and ‘critical thinking.’ In addition, we repeated the categorization process with 584 assessment items of the medical licensing examination in the Republic of Korea and compared them with the categorization results of the learning outcomes. Among the 206 physician encounters, we found that outcomes on family violence and sexual violence were missing in the learning outcomes of CUMC. Eighty-two physician encounters were associated with more than one outcome domain, and 96 physician encounters were covered in more than one course. Twenty-one physician encounters were repeated in 5 or more courses and 34 physician encounters had outcomes categorized into 3 or more domains. Thus, we showed that the 2-way categorization could be applied to the comparison and evaluation of two different education formats.
WHAT WILL BE THE PATH OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY?
Authors: Sorokin D. E.
Published: March 2015

The article discusses the impact of the global financial and economic crisis on Russian economy, its current state and growth trends. The reasons for absence of any significant positive shifts in switching to the upgrading (innovative) reproduction type are analyzed. It is being justified that the main problem is the existing system of economic relations, its institutional realization that does not incite (or even prevent) enterprisers’ interest in innovation.
MODERN TYPES OF FINANCING LARGE INVESTMENT PROJECTS (NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION)
Authors: Kryukov А. M. , Yanko L. T. , Kuhto V. V.
Published: March 2015

Large investment projects require raising high volumes of financial resources on the long term. There is a task now set to raise private capital into the power field more actively and to develop state-private partnership. The article analyses modern types of financing: ВОО (Build - Own - Operate) and ВООТ (Build - Own - Operate - Transfer) that allow to accumulate required financial resources, reduce investment risks and combine interests of different parts participating in a project.
REFORMING RUSSIAN POWER INDUSTRY: INTERMEDIATE RESULTS AND FURTHER PLANS
Authors: Volkov L. V. , Hodyachih E. V.
Published: March 2015

The article analyses the results of electric power industry reformation. At most, two key tasks are not completed: creating a competitive market of electric power prices of which are not controlled by the state, but formed on the basis of demand and supply of its participants; and raising private investments to renew generating powers. The reform only laid legal, economic, technological and infrastructural basis for creating efficient, reliable and compatible industry, it is needed to develop competitive relationships, perfect rate regulation and provide equality of all industry participants.
IMPROVING THE EXISTING SYSTEM OF HUI FINANCING
Authors: Ryahovskaya A. N. , Kryukova O. G. , Arsenova E. A.
Published: March 2015

HUI reforming should provide improvement in the procedure of control, accounting and applying funds from the city budget for building maintenance and repair, as well as for organization and redirection of cash flows. The article discusses possible financing resources: main, additional, consolidated. Directions for improving system of forming HUI financial resources are suggested. Building this sector financing system requires integration of efforts and concerted operation of the authorities, financial institutes, organizations of various patterns of ownership and private individuals.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO THE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE PROJECTS RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Pokrovskiy A. M.
Published: March 2015

Article is devoted to a multidimensional approach to an important part of risk analysis of innovative projects – evaluation of the sensitivity of risk when you change their underlying caus-es. Proposed and tested on a concrete example method of forming an empirical base for modeling the sensitivity of risk evaluations of innovative projects within that do not violate the consistency of the matrix of paired statements. It is shown that this can be obtained economically significant results, including assessment of priority areas of investment elasticity of the weights of different types of risks, and identifying the most sensitive risk factors.
FORMATION OF A TARGET MODEL OF THE RETAIL POWER MARKET
Authors: Gerasimov I.
Published: March 2015

This article reviews various paths of possible development of wholesale and retail electric power markets. The authors analyse the electric power market target model whose implementa-tion is to start from 2012. Also an alternative model is described, whose purpose is to facilitate creation of a healthy competitive environment. In this model a retail supplier plays a role of bro-ker for a customer, which may freely choose a generating company - an electric power supplier. This model alleviates the relationship between sales companies and power network companies; the risk of non-payment in retail segment is transferred from intermediary to electric power sup-plier. Besides, for the purpose of decreasing risks of electric power rates fluctuation, this model suggests introduction of a special mechanism damping wholesale market rate oscillations. This mechanism may be implemented by a dedicated insurance fund.
THE RESOURCE AND ENERGY MODEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Kovan S. E.
Published: March 2015

A model of resource and energy exchange of socio-economic systems (SES) to higher-level systems, which are external environment for them, has developed in this paper. The transformation of matter-and-energy resources in these systems includes processing resources of the external environment in output products, as well as the diversion of part of the resources for the development of the system. The resource balance and the overall scheme of resource exchange of SES with the external environment have built in this paper. Preconditions for the crisis arise in case of violation of balance of resources allocated for the holding of the production process and for the development of systems. Author also defined resource causes of crises socio-economic systems and determined that ensuring the balance between the available domestic material and energy resources, external resources attracted by SES, as well as the resources, that are being diverted to development, is the basic goals of crisis management of SES of any level.
THE TECHNOLOGY OF RAPID GROWTH SMALL-CAP BANKS THROUGH MERGERS
Authors: Pokrovsky A. M.
Published: March 2015

Paper is devoted to the method of increasing the banks through mergers and acquisitions. We propose a specific concept of merger. It is shown that this can be obtained economically significant results, including a substantial increase in capital and major key indicators of credit institutions.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS M&A
Authors: Dzhioyev M. V.
Published: March 2015

In the article the system of indicators of economic analysis of integration processes in crisis management company is considered. Substantiates the proposed method approach to evaluating the effectiveness of integration, which is being finalized by the author to the theory of crisis management. The focus is on evaluating the effectiveness of integration synergies. Analysis of the integration of enterprises should be seen as a joint investment project, which provides an increase of market value.
ANTI-CRISIS MECHANISMS OF FINANCIAL STABILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Alferov V. N.
Published: March 2015

Anti-crisis financial stabilization mechanisms are mainly based on the method of analyzing the financial condition of the organization, enabling it to assess the financial activities only in the dynamics of the past and what was then that led to the insolvent status and do not predict the financial status of the organization in the future. In modern conditions it is necessary to form a model of financial analysis aimed at the development of a dynamic analysis of the financial condition of the organization’s past, present and future.In this paper we consider a model of analysis of financial development organization aimed at adequate prediction of the state, taking into account the possibilities and limitations of the legislation on insolvency (bankruptcy), including a system of indicators to provide the financial condition of the debtor in the post-crisis development.
Population dynamics of filamentous bacteria identified in Polish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal
Authors: Miłobędzka A. , Muszyński A.
Published: March 2015

A comprehensive study of the identity and population dynamics of filamentous bacteria in five Polish full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with nutrients removal had been carried out for 2 years. A quantitative culture-independent, molecular method – fluorescence in situ hybridization – was applied to evaluate the structure of different filamentous bacteria populations and their temporal variations. Activated sludge was examined for the abundance of 11 groups of filamentous bacteria. On average, filaments constituted 28% of all bacteria. All samples presented a low diversity of probe-defined filamentous bacteria, usually with significant domination of Chloroflexi (with distinction to types 1851, 0803 and others) and/or Microthrix (14% and 7% of EUBmix, respectively). Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Mycolata, Skermania piniformis and TM7 were less abundant, whereas Curvibacter, Thiothrix/021N and family Gordonia have not been detected in any of the samples. The tested WWTPs showed similarity among species found and differences in their abundance. The composition of filamentous populations was rather stable in each plant and similar to those found in other European countries. Little differences between plants were shown by multivariate analysis of variance in terms of Chloroflexi and Microthrix. No significant general correlations have been found with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Medium correlation strength between the presence of different filaments was recorded only for Microthrix and Skermania piniformis. Deleterious effect on settling properties of sludge (measured as sludge volume index) was found only for abundance of Microthrix; a strong linear correlation was recorded between them. However, no other correlations with wastewater and operational data were revealed.
Development of low-cost rotational rheometer
Authors: Sørensen Lasse , Bentzen Thomas Ruby , Skov Kristian Thaarup
Published: March 2015

Liquids with non-Newtonian properties are presented in many engineering areas, as for example in membrane bioreactors where active sludge exhibits shear thinning properties. Therefore, the ability to determine the rheology's dependence on shear is important when optimising systems with such liquids. However, rheometers capable of determining the viscosity are often expensive and so a cheaper alternative is constructed with this exact capability. Using the principle of rotating rheometers, a low-cost rheometer was built to determine the rheology of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. The general principles and background assumptions and the physics are described. The rheometer was calibrated by comparison with measurements conducted on a Brookfield viscometer for Newtonian liquids. For validation measurements on non-Newtonian liquids, xanthan gum solutions were made and compared with measurements on the Brookfield viscometer and with values from other sources. Furthermore, the effect of excluding the different shear rates in the system is discussed and good practice hereto is given.
Influence of COD/sulfate ratios on the integrated reactor system for simultaneous removal of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen
Authors: Yuan Ye , Chen Chuan , Zhao Youkang , Wang Aijie , Sun Dezhi , Huang Cong , Liang Bin , Tan Wenbo , Xu Xijun , Zhou Xu , Lee Duu-Jung , Ren Nanqi
Published: March 2015

An integrated reactor system was developed for the simultaneous removal of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen from sulfate-laden wastewater and for elemental sulfur (S0) reclamation. The system mainly consisted of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) for sulfate reduction and organic carbon removal (SR-CR), an EGSB for denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR), a biological aerated filter for nitrification and a sedimentation tank for sulfur reclamation. This work investigated the influence of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/sulfate ratios on the performance of the system. Influent sulfate and ammonium were fixed to the level of 600 mg SO42− L−1 and 120 mg NH4+ L−1, respectively. Lactate was introduced to generate COD/SO42− = 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3.5:1 and 4:1. The experimental results indicated that sulfate could be efficiently reduced in the SR-CR unit when the COD/SO42− ratio was between 1:1 and 3:1, and sulfate reduction was inhibited by the growth of methanogenic bacteria when the COD/SO42− ratio was between 3.5:1 and 4:1. Meanwhile, the Org-C/S2−/NO3− ratios affected the S0 reclamation efficiency in the DSR unit. When the influent COD/SO42− ratio was between 1:1 and 3:1, appropriate Org-C/S2−/NO3− ratios could be achieved to obtain a maximum S0 recovery in the DSR unit. For the microbial community of the SR-CR unit at different COD/SO42− ratios, 16S rRNA gene-based high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and potential function of the dominant species.
Adsorption of copper on tri-amino-functionalized mesoporous delta manganese dioxide from aqueous solution
Authors: Zhai Yujia , Xu Xueying , Wang Hongjie , Shi Xue , Lei Di
Published: March 2015

A novel adsorbent, named tri-amino-functionalized mesoporous delta manganese dioxide (NNN-MnO2), was synthesized by bonding trimethoxysilyl propyl diethylenetriamine onto the surface of delta manganese dioxide (δ-MnO2) and used as a Cu(II) adsorbent in aqueous solution. The graft of silane coupling agent onto δ-MnO2 was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline structure of the adsorbents was indicated by an X-ray powder diffractometer. The specific surface area, pore volume, and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda pore diameter of the NNN-MnO2 were 93.50 m2 g−1, 0.31 cm3 g−1, and 13.12 nm, respectively. The Elovich equation described well the Cu(II) adsorbing process and the negative values of ΔG and the positive values of ΔH and ΔS indicated a spontaneous and endothermic process. The Langmuir equation fitted well the adsorption isotherm at 298 K and the maximum adsorption capacity of NNN-MnO2 for Cu(II) at pH 4 was 87.72 mg g−1, which was higher than that of the un-functionalized δ-MnO2 (66.67 mg g−1). The graft of tri-amino-functional groups enhanced the uptake of Cu(II), and NNN-MnO2 was a promising candidate for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution.
Lake Use by Three Avian Piscivores and Humans: Implications for Angler Perception and Conservation
Authors: Somers Christopher M. , Heisler Leanne M. , Doucette Jennifer L. , Kjoss Victoria A. , Brigham R. Mark
Published: March 2015

Humans and colonial piscivorous birds are often perceived to be in conflict over shared aquatic habitats and
fisheries resources in inland lakes. We examined angler perception of birds and the relative abundance of American white
pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), western grebes (Aechmophorus
occidentalis), and boats on two lakes in Saskatchewan, Canada. Anglers perceived cormorants to be the biggest threat
to fisheries (60%), compared to pelicans (47%), and western grebes (34%). The density of these birds and boats varied
significantly between sections of the two study lakes. Boat density was higher in developed sections with shoreline communities
(range 0-7/km2) compared to those surrounded by agricultural land or native prairie (0-1/km2). In contrast, cormorant
and pelican densities were highest in areas with an undeveloped shoreline (0-22/km2), and were reduced to near
zero in developed sections. Western grebes did not follow the same pattern as the other two species; grebe density was
generally more uniform within lakes (0-23/km2 in all sections). Boat density was a negative predictor of pelican and cormorant
density on one lake, but was a positive predictor for grebes on both lakes. Our results indicate that pelicans and
cormorants avoid sections of lakes that have higher levels of human development, potentially altering the location of their
foraging sites on the scale of kilometres. In contrast, western grebes were abundant in all areas of the two lakes and did
not appear to avoid human development or activity. We conclude that angler perceptions are not congruent with levels of
habitat use overlap with birds. In addition, western grebe responses to human activities appear counterintuitive, making
interpretations difficult in a conservation context; further study is required.