bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Execution of First Coiled Tubing "Shoot and Pull" Underbalance Perforation in Pakistan
Authors: Fahim Saad , Raja Hassan Nazir , Latif Saqib , Akbar Muhammad Nabeel
Published: February 2016

Over the past 80 years, various perforation systems have been developed to cover wide range of perforation applications and demanding reservoir conditions. Clean and effective underbalance perforations have a direct influence on reservoir performance. New perforation technologies and conveyance methods have developed, including Coiled tubing CT perforation. OMV had a requirement to perform additional perforations on one of their land wells, which was producing from a depleted zone. Well head shut in pressure had dropped down from an initial pressure of 3000psi to 1400psi. Pressure of zone of interest was in a range of 4700psi, which entailed that an underbalance at time of perforation would be more than 2700 psi. With such a high value of static underbalance, conventional wireline perforation application had its limitation and CT perforation seemed to be an ideal solution.

OMV and Schlumberger experts collaborated to execute the high underbalance perforation with CT as the conveyance method. This required meticulous job design and planning as well as fabrication of a customized platform to safely run and retrieve guns in live well before and after perforations. Schlumberger CT firing head with 2.88" high shot density guns were used to perforate the zone of interest with a high underbalance of over 2500 psi. This marked successful execution of first CT shoot and pull perforation job in Pakistan where perforation guns were successfully conveyed and pulled to surface without killing the well, followed by well cleanup and testing. Post perforation results were very encouraging as OMV observed significant production increase where all objectives were met with no HSE/SQ incident.
Evolution of Coiled Tubing Electric Line Plug and Perf Technology for Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Rao Shafin , Khalid Aizaz , Ahmed Tofeeq , Ali Usman
Published: February 2016

In certain onshore Pakistan wells, coiled tubing intervention has been used in plug-and-perf operations. Although the plug-and-perf technique is well described in the literature, the existing studies mainly cover fracturing and reservoir productivity aspects. This paper highlights coiled tubing operational techniques that are integral and vital to the success of coiled tubing plug-and-perf multistage fracturing.

The application of coiled tubing plug-and-perf techniques to horizontal, high-temperature wells onshore Pakistan involved specific designs and new processes for the preparation, execution, and evaluation of the coiled tubing interventions. Planning and design considerations included the selection of the bottomhole assembly (BHA) in general and, in particular, the choice of logging head and upgrading the logging head operating envelope. During execution, efficiency was improved by reducing the number of coiled tubing runs with the use of addressable switches.

The plug-and-perf sequence with coiled tubing was repeated successfully in multiple wells. The combination of the addressable switches used as part of the BHA to enable setting the bridge plug and perforating multiple sets of perforations separately in a single run was shown to be very successful. The use of the plug-and-perf with coiled tubing technique improved overall project economics by reducing operating time to half for each zone. These successes validate the advantage of deploying coiled tubing for multistage fracturing operations. Multiple operators have realized the value of this technique compared to other techniques commonly used in such operations.
Design and Analysis of Laboratory Experiment on Surfactant-Flooding with Software Protocol
Authors: Hassan Mohsin , Channa Sadam Hussain , Qazi Shoukat Elahi , Ali Shahzad , Kumar Sandeep
Published: February 2016

Relative permeability and interfacial tension are key parameters to characterize chemical enhanced oil recovery. Chemical flooding, a modern technique of enhanced oil recovery is based on the principle of reduction in interfacial tension of oil/water system. The selection of suitable surfactant is important and it should be compatible in a single phase solution at reservoir conditions and can be capable of reducing the interfacial tension to about 10–3 dynes/cm. In this study, Alcohol Alkoxy sulfate sodium salt (AAS) has been used as a surfactant. AAS was found compatible for conducting core flood experiment and it also reduced the oil/water interfacial tension to a very low value by forming type III micro emulsion. A Berea sandstone core plug of 100md was used in the core flooding experiment. The experimental results showed significant decrease in water/oil interfacial tension of 29 dynes/cm to 4.15*10–4 dynes/cm. SendraTM estimation was used for the history matching between experimental data with simulated one. Recovery with water flooding was 59.28%, whereas with surfactants it was increased to 85.95%. Relative Permeability of oil was 0.92 with water flooding, whereas relative permeability of oil with surfactant flooding was 0.98. The comparative analysis showed that two phase region (oil-water) becomes wider when surfactant was used and also relative permeability of oil was increased with decrease in interfacial tension. This study shows that surfactants can be applied in most oil fields of Pakistan especially in Central Potwar region where oil API is in the range of 10–22◦, so they promise a bright future for Petroleum Industry in Pakistan.
First Application of New Conveyance Technique to Acquire Electric Log Data in Complex Hole Conditions in Margala North and Tal Blocks of Northern Potwar Deform Zone and Kohat Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Umar , Ahmed Jawad , Ali Saqib , Tashfeen Muhammad , Shah Khurram Abbas , Siddiqi Farrukh , Ali Chand
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the first real field application of Electric logging in Pakistan with a new conveyance Technique in order to acquire logging data where conventional Wireline logging data acquisition is not possible due to complex bore hole condition (depth, deviation and hole size etc.).

The new logging technique was successfully conducted on a wild cat exploratory and a development well in Margala North & Tal Blocks respectively. Open-hole logs data was acquired from potential reservoir zones that under normal wireline logging conditions would not have been possible due to high risk of sticking or losing the well due to presence of radioactive sources in the tool string.

In this new technique, logging tools are conveyed to TD inside the drill pipe by wireline or by pumping them with a specialized piston. Once tools reach the TD, they are pumped out of the drill pipe and latched at the bottom, and then pipes are pulled up while data is recorded by the tools hooked with drill pipes. In some of the runs, the logs were acquired while pipes were constantly rotated and mud was circulated through.

The logs acquired through this technique consisted of Laterolog Resistivity, Neutron Porosity, Bulk Density & PE, Sonic Porosity Cross Dipole Sonic and Formation Imaging.

The successful application of this technique in Pakistan has opened new ways to acquire logs data in challenging bore-hole conditions with logging tools and radioactive sources being at low risk of losing down hole.
Stress Testing in Shale with Advanced Wireline Formation Tester: First Case Study in Pakistan
Authors: Khan M. Wahaj , Samir Magdy , Mughal Haroon , Khalid Arsalan , Dar Usman , Zubair Talha , Javed Qasim
Published: February 2016

Shale gas is a new horizon in Pakistan to meet growing energy demands. Comprehensive data gathering is mandatory for proper evaluation of a shale gas play and to determine feasibility of a prospect. Shale reservoirs require hydraulic fracturing to produce commercially. In Pakistan, stresses are normally high due to plate tectonics. In some cases, the lack of sufficient understanding of stress conditions has led to failures of full hydraulic fracturing operations.

Stress testing is a technique used to evaluate formation breakdown pressures and minimum in-situ stresses. Stress profiles can be estimated using openhole log data, however direct in-situ measurement is needed for calibration. Wireline formation testers have been used in the field to measure formation pressures, estimate mobility and obtain good quality downhole samples. One of the advanced applications of the wireline formation testers is to measure insitu stresses in a wellbore to calibrate the mechanical earth model (MEM) and to design a feasible hydraulic fracturing job.

Traditional wireline insitu-stress technique has been around for some time now, however the technique suffered from a limited pressure ratings, which was not enough to breakdown the formation. An advanced wireline formation tester module capable of achieving a break down through sleeve fracturing at a very high pressure was used for stress measurement for first time not only in Pakistan but worldwide. The technique involves setting a single packer module across the target shale zone and inflating the packer until the formation breaks down. Once formation break down is achieved, either a straddle packer is set across the target formation and injection is performed for fracture reopening, or another cycle is done with the single packer element to record sleeve reopening pressure.

Detailed planning was done by the reservoir and geology departments. Four tests at four different locations were done in the target well where formation break down pressure, closure and fracture re opening pressures were estimated. This information is used for updating a 1D geomechanical earth model for the further use in planning full scale hydraulic fracturing treatment.
Demands of Multi-Lateral Wells Functions
Authors: MacDonald R. R. , Erickson D. M.
Published: February 2016

Demands of Multi-Lateral Well Junctions are shifting from successful shallow wells to deeper and more functional window applications. Reliable window exit, reduced trips and improved debris management while drilling have provided the confidence to take this step. Completion and Production opportunities are the focus areas. Reliable and low cost re-entry capability both through tubing and through casing is demanded. Fluid isolation and shut-off during drilling, production, injection, stimulation and production logging operations are being developed. Innovative multiple lateral completions equipment is required to provide a cost effective solution. These tools and techniques are presented.
Predicting Cuttings Transport and Suspension Using a Viscoelastic Drilling Fluid in Extended Reach and Horizontal Wells
Authors: Marquis de Sa C. , Rosolen M. , Brandao E.
Published: February 2016

This work presents the results obtained in a project developed in PETROBRAS' Research Center – CENPES – aiming at the introduction of concepts of viscoelasticity in drilling, completion and stimulation fluids characterization. One major issue is the study of the cuttings transport and suspension during high component. This component proved to be important especially when such fluids are at rest or in the transient period which happens in the beginning of fluid movement. Such relationship is the base of a methodology for predicting cuttings transport in complex geometry wells anticipating well designers in possible hole cleaning problems based on the usual design data.
Applying Multilateral Well Technology to the Deep Foothills Area of Alberta
Authors: Sanders R. , Shoup M. , Themig D.
Published: February 2016

The foothills area of Alberta, Canada is a challenging exploration area for reservoir definition as well as drilling and completions. The complex geologic structures as well as the logistical difficulties in the area make it a costly area to drill and exploit. During the past three years, several multilateral wells have been successfully drilled and completed in this area. Some of these incorporated advanced drilling and completions system which allowed greater flexibility in both the drilling and testing/production phases of the wells. This paper presents case history descriptions of the application of advanced multilateral technology regarding drilling and completion systems for these wells and the capabilities which were utilized to successfully drill, test, and produce the wells.
Production Control of Horizontal Wells in a Carbonate Reef Structure
Authors: Ellsworth Bill , Muir Marty , Gray John , Themig Dan
Published: February 2016

Open hole completions have been the accepted practice for horizontal wells in the Rainbow Lake area of Northern Alberta. As these fields mature, and the oil bank in these structures thin, the use of effective production control technology has become particularly important. The design of the well trajectory, the ability to intervene to control production, and the incorporation of horizontals in a strategic producing plan for the area has pushed the edge of technology. Many aspects of the planned exploitation of these reef pools have changed based upon successful applications of evolving horizontal well technologies. Production control issues are paramount to these changes. This paper presents several well case histories that illustrate the application of advancements in establishing isolation in the open hole horizontal completions to accomplish various objectives in the successful application of horizontal wells in the Rainbow Lake field.
Public health risk assessment tool: strategy to improve public policy framework for onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS)
Authors: Cookey Peter Emmanuel , Koottatep Thammarat , van der Steen Peter , Lens Piet N. L.
Published: February 2016

Public health risk assessment of onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) in the city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria and its environs was carried out between the period of August 2012 and April 2013. The objective of the study was to show how the public health risk assessment tool can be used to improve public policies on OWTS. The study involved desk study reviews of the related literature on OWTS, an audit survey of 245 OWTS in the residential area of the city, a public policy survey of OWTS in Port Harcourt city, a public health risk assessment, field observations and investigations. The results revealed that there were no specific policies, legislative and regulatory standards for sustainability of OWTS practice and no risk assessment considerations in the current policy instruments. In general terms, the public policy instruments of OWTS were found to be inadequate for improved and standard system construction, installation, operations and maintenance, compliance, enforcement and inspection. The outcome of the risk map showed widespread and dispersed risk in the use of OWTS.
Macrolide antibiotics removal using a circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor: parametric study and hydrodynamic flow characterization
Authors: Ounnar Amel , Bouzaza Abdelkrim , Favier Lidia , Bentahar Fatiha
Published: February 2016

The present work investigates the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of biorecalcitrant macrolide antibiotics in a circulating tubular photoreactor. As target pollutants, spiramycin (SPM) and tylosin (TYL) were considered in this study. The photoreactor leads to the use of an immobilized titanium dioxide on non-woven paper under artificial UV-lamp irradiation. Maximum removal efficiency was achieved at the optimum conditions of natural pH, low pollutant concentration and a 0.35 L min−1 flow rate. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was used to fit experimental results and the model constants were determined. Moreover, the total organic carbon analysis reveals that SPM and TYL mineralization is not complete. In addition, the study of the residence time distribution allowed us to investigate the flow regime of the reactor. Electrical energy consumption for photocatalytic degradation of macrolides using circulating TiO2-coated paper photoreactor was lower compared with some reported photoreactors used for the elimination of pharmaceutic compounds. A repetitive reuse of the immobilized catalyst was also studied in order to check its photoactivity performance.
Effect of Sirolimus on Disease Progression in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and CKD Stages 3b-4
Authors: Ruggenenti Piero , Gentile Giorgio , Perico Norberto , Perna Annalisa , Barcella Luca , Trillini Matias , Cortinovis Monica , Ferrer Siles Claudia Patricia , Reyes Loaeza Jorge Arturo , Aparicio Maria Carolina , Fasolini Giorgio , Gaspari Flavio , Martinetti Davide , Carrara Fabiola , Rubis Nadia , Prandini Silvia , Caroli Anna , Sharma Kanishka , Antiga Luca , Remuzzi Andrea , Remuzzi Giuseppe ,   on behalf of the SIRENA 2 Study Group
Published: February 2016

Background and objectives

The effect of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors has never been tested in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and severe renal insufficiency.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this academic, prospective, randomized, open label, blinded end point, parallel group trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01223755), 41 adults with ADPKD, CKD stage 3b or 4, and proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h were randomized between September of 2010 and March of 2012 to sirolimus (3 mg/d; serum target levels of 5–10 ng/ml) added on to conventional therapy (n=21) or conventional treatment alone (n=20). Primary outcome was GFR (iohexol plasma clearance) change at 1 and 3 years versus baseline.

Results

At the 1-year preplanned interim analysis, GFR fell from 26.7±5.8 to 21.3±6.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (P<0.001) and from 29.6±5.6 to 24.9±6.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (P<0.001) in the sirolimus and conventional treatment groups, respectively. Albuminuria (73.8±81.8 versus 154.9±152.9 μg/min; P=0.02) and proteinuria (0.3±0.2 versus 06±0.4 g/24 h; P<0.01) increased with sirolimus. Seven patients on sirolimus versus one control had de novo proteinuria (P=0.04), ten versus three patients doubled proteinuria (P=0.02), 18 versus 11 patients had peripheral edema (P=0.04), and 14 versus six patients had upper respiratory tract infections (P=0.03). Three patients on sirolimus had angioedema, 14 patients had aphthous stomatitis, and seven patients had acne (P<0.01 for both versus controls). Two patients progressed to ESRD, and two patients withdrew because of worsening of proteinuria. These events were not observed in controls. Thus, the independent data and safety monitoring board recommend early trial termination for safety reasons. At 1 year, total kidney volume (assessed by contrast–enhanced computed tomography imaging) increased by 9.0% from 2857.7±1447.3 to 3094.6±1519.5 ml on sirolimus and 4.3% from 3123.4±1695.3 to 3222.6±1651.4 ml on conventional therapy (P=0.12). On follow-up, 37% and 7% of serum sirolimus levels fell below or exceeded the therapeutic range, respectively.

Conclusions

Finding that sirolimus was unsafe and ineffective in patients with ADPKD and renal insufficiency suggests that mTOR inhibitor therapy may be contraindicated in this context.
Diabetes in Asia and the Pacific: Implications for the Global Epidemic
Authors: Nanditha Arun , Ma Ronald C.W. , Ramachandran Ambady , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Chan Juliana C.N. , Chia Kee Seng , Shaw Jonathan E. , Zimmet Paul Z.
Published: February 2016

The last three decades have witnessed an epidemic rise in the number of people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, and particularly in developing countries, where more than 80% of the people with diabetes live. The rise of type 2 diabetes in South Asia is estimated to be more than 150% between 2000 and 2035. Although aging, urbanization, and associated lifestyle changes are the major determinants for the rapid increase, an adverse intrauterine environment and the resulting epigenetic changes could also contribute in many developing countries. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that there were 382 million people with diabetes in 2013, a number surpassing its earlier predictions. More than 60% of the people with diabetes live in Asia, with almost one-half in China and India combined. The Western Pacific, the world’s most populous region, has more than 138.2 million people with diabetes, and the number may rise to 201.8 million by 2035. The scenario poses huge social and economic problems to most nations in the region and could impede national and, indeed, global development. More action is required to understand the drivers of the epidemic to provide a rationale for prevention strategies to address the rising global public health “tsunami.” Unless drastic steps are taken through national prevention programs to curb the escalating trends in all of the countries, the social, economic, and health care challenges are likely to be insurmountable.
How Does Studying Abroad Change Chinese Students’ Choices of Reading Strategies
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: February 2016

This study explores how a change of learning environment from China to the United Kingdom affects Chinese international master’s students’ use of strategies in academic reading. Think aloud was used at two time points in one academic year among 15 participants. To capture the complexity of the academic reading, reading strategies were categorized into textbase processing, situation-model construction, and comprehension monitoring. Quantitative analysis suggests that there were no significant changes in these students’ overall strategy use over time, nor in their deployment of individual strategies. Furthermore, analysis of their parsing strategies indicates a dominant combination of textbase and comprehension monitoring strategies, and this combination was mainly triggered by their decoding difficulties. The findings of the study suggest that the participants’ textbase-dominated processing largely contributed to the static development of their strategy use during their master’s study.
Accent, Identity, and a Fear of Loss? ESL Students’ Perspectives
Authors: McCrocklin Shannon , Link Stephanie
Published: February 2016

Because many theorists propose a connection between accent and identity, some theorists have justifiably been concerned about the ethical ramifications of L2 pronunciation teaching. However, English-as-a-second-language (ESL) students often state a desire to sound like native speakers. With little research into ESL students’ perceptions of links between their accents and identities, including whether students fear loss of identity from L2-pronunciation learning, it is difficult to understand how these links affect language learning goals. In this mixed-methods study, ESL university students (N = 78) took a survey of 23 Likert-scale questions, with selected individuals participating in a semi-structured interview. Results show that participants desired a native accent, attributing benefits and positive emotions toward developing a native accent. Further, students did not recognize any fear of loss of identity due to their achieving a native accent.
“Faggots, Fame and Firepower”: Teenage Masculinity, School Shootings, and the Pursuit of Fame
Authors: Evans Richard T.
Published: February 2016

This study of novels, films, and music dating from the late 1970s to the new millennium examines fictional and pop-culture presentations of school shootings, including the 1999 Columbine Massacre. The article also investigates notions of masculinity, normative heterosexuality, fame/infamy, homophobia, and violence within American culture. The fragility and uncertainty of proper masculine self-expression is unpacked and reimagined across a variety of texts, demonstrating how various authors have negotiated with the notions of teenage masculinity, belonging, isolation, and rage.
Denial of the Armenian Genocide 100 Years Later: The New Practitioners and Their Trade
Authors: Hovannisian Richard G.
Published: February 2016

This essay assesses the several phases of denial from the time of the 1915 Armenian Genocide to the present, with emphasis on the most recent stage and contemporary deniers in the United States. The study analyzes their arguments and approaches, with particular attention on negationist assertions relating to intent and the claimed necessity of counterinsurgency measures against the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire. It gives numerous examples of the factual errors and fallacies in the rationalizations that are employed. Modern denial is characterized by increased sophistication, which can include the use of seemingly sound research methods and critical-thinking techniques. Because it can look to be legitimate scholarship, denial in this form can be particularly deceptive for students and others who might not be well informed about the historical facts and extensive evidence of the Armenian Genocide. The essay concludes with a reflection on the need for strong peer-evaluation standards for journals and presses to avoid publication of denialist material.
Evaluating the Correlation Between the Geotechnical Index and the Electromagnetic Properties of Fouled Ballasted Track by a Full-Scale Laboratory Model
Authors: Kashani Hamed Faghihi , Ho Carlton L. , Clement William P. , Oden Charles P.
Published: February 2016

To determine the correlation between water content or fouling of a railroad track and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signals, a full-scale railway track model was designed and constructed at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. A track section was simulated by creating a model consisting of rails and ties placed on a ballast layer on a subballast layer. The model was constructed three times with three fouling percentages. Each model was tested with water-content conditions of dry, field capacity, and two points in between these extremes. Frequency antennae of 450 MHz and 2 GHz were used to evaluate the conditions. The design and construction of the full-scale track in addition to the GPR data analysis and interpretation are presented in this paper. The results show that the dielectric permittivity and frequency spectrum can be used as an indicator of percentage of fouling and water content of a track. In addition, a linear correlation was observed between the percentage of fouling and the water content under field capacity conditions.
Systems perspective of the primary aluminum supply chain: Unintended consequences of participant policies
Authors: Olson David L.
Published: February 2016

Supply chains have been proposed as complex adaptive systems. This paper looks at the global aluminum supply chain network in those terms. Developments in this industry have included formation of a cartel by bauxite producing countries, emergence of Australia as a leading producer, the collapse of communism in Europe, and the rise of Chinese production in all phases of primary aluminum production. Complex adaptive systems literature is reviewed, and the world aluminum production system described. This includes identification of system elements, their relationships, interactions, and developments. Analysis in terms of how this production system exhibits complex adaptive systemic behavior across the supply chain is provided. The decentralized behavior of the overall primary aluminum system provides understanding of how individual agents, be they multinational firms, individual governments, or cartels are unable to totally control the system in the long run.
Rational imitation among producer firms: Some insights from social psychology
Authors: Azarian Reza
Published: February 2016

Focusing on production markets, the article provides a detailed description of the particular conditions that turn rational imitation the most feasible strategy for reducing the uncertainties that firms face when making business decisions. On the basis of this description several features are identified, which in a unique combination induced by the particularities of the production process characterize the imitative behavior of producer firms. First, the existence of a substantial niche overlap is crucial for any individual firm to identify the most relevant significant others to be imitated. Second, rational imitation is a dual process in that the functional similarity that provides the firms in a single market with a ground for imitation also underpins their attempts at individuation through product differentiation. Finally, in its pursuit to stay in the market, any individual firm continuously needs to fit its choices into those of its peers – requiring the firm not only to monitor the business decisions the other firms actually make, but also assuming the choices they are most likely to make.
Formulation and evaluation of metformin HCl floating microspheres
Authors: Ansary Johura , Chaurasiya Amit Kumar , Huq KM Bashirul
Published: February 2016

The purpose of the present investigation was the preparation and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system for anti-diabetic drug metformin hydrochloride that would retain the drug in stomach and continuously release the drug in controlled manner up to a predetermined time leading to improve bioavailability. The microspheres were prepared by oil-in-oil emulsion solvent evaporation technique using ethyl cellulose, methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit RS100, Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO). The dried floating microspheres were evaluated for percentage yield (%), actul drug content (%), drug entrapment efficiency, floating behavior, scanning electron microscopy and in vitro drug release studies. The microspheres were found spherical, porous and free flowing with a size range. Compatibility studies were performed by fourier transform infra-redand (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The DTA and FTIR data stated that drug and excipient were compatible. In-vitro release kinetics were studied in different mathematical release models following the zero order, Higuchi and Korsemeyer to find out the linear relationship and release rate of drug. The drug might be released by both diffusion and erosion as the correlation coefficient (R2) best fitted with Korsemeyer model and release exponent (n) was 0.45-0.89. In most cases good in vitro floating behavior was observed and a broad variety of drug release pattern was achieved by variation of the polymer which optimized to match target release profile. The developed floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride may be used in clinic for prolonged drug release in stomach for at least 8 hrs, thereby improving the bioavailability and patient compliance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 396-405
Prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Mohammad Rohul
Published: February 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh. The study was performed in Veterinary Clinic, ANSVM, PSTU and Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Babugonj, Barisal during June, 2014 to May, 2015. The diseases were diagnosed on basis of clinical signs, owners statement, general clinical examinations and laboratory diagnosis. A socio-economic survey of 200 destitute women and marginal/poor farmers of Barisal district was also done using a semi-structured questionnaire on their household. 70% of the respondents were females while 30% were males. 65% respondents were involved in agriculture, 13% in own business, 3% in shared business, 2% in govt. service and 17% in non-govt. service. 39% respondents had knowledge about signs of health of goat followed by management (74%), goat diseases (24%), veterinary drugs (20%), animal vaccine (14%) and biosecurity (13%). 53% animal houses were kacha followed by tin (41%) and pukka (2%). Goat received feed from own fodder areas (52%), purchase concentrate (5%) and both (43%). Respondents used tube-well (24%), river (18%), canal (26%) and ponds (32%) as the source of water for their goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was 41.33% followed by infectious diseases (39.34%) in goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was highest in rainy season 51.28% followed by autumn (41.61%), summer (40.37%) and winter (27.98%). The prevalence of infectious diseases was highest in winter 52.60% followed by autumn (37.55%), summer (37.47%) and rainy season (32.42%). Among viral diseases, prevalence of PPR was highest 8.52% followed by FMD (6.81%), goat pox (2.68%), contagious ecthyma (1.76%) and rabies (0.25%). The prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was highest in winter (15.86%). The prevalence of pneumonia was highest 8.71% in whole year among the bacterial diseases. The prevalence of fungal disease (ringworm) was 1.44% in goat. The prevalence of trematodiasis was 12.60% followed by nematodiasis (11.27%), babesiosis (2.18%), tape worm infection (2.03%) and coccidiosis (1.19%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was 12.06% .The prevalence of trematodiasis was highest in rainy season (18.01%). The prevalence of babesiosis was highest in summer (3.81%) and coccidiosis in winter (3.81%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was lowest in winter (8.88%). The results of the present study will be helpful for scientists, extension service providers and veterinary practitioners for designing appropriate control measures for such diseases of goat.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 449-456
Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh
Authors: Munsi Md Nuruzzaman , Sarker Nathu Ram , Khatun Razia , Alam Mohammed Khorshed
Published: February 2016

Cows milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Grams staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462
Effects of selected vitamins and minerals on growth rate and hematological parameters in broilers
Authors: Rashid Mohammad Harun Ar , Ahmad Nazim , Amin Mohammad Rohul , Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin
Published: February 2016

The present study was designed with a view to study the body weight and hematological parameters; total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of growing broilers fed with standard poultry ration. Broilers were kept under close observation for a period of 14 days and body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. A total of 20 (7 days old) broiler chicks were reared throughout the entire period of study. These chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Group A considered as control, fed only standard ration. Group B, C and D was considered as treated group. Group B with vitamin AD3E 1 ml/5 liter drinking water. Group C treated with mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water and Group D treated with vitamin (AD3E) 1 ml/5liter and mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water with standard ration. It was observed that body weight of broiler increased significantly (p<0.01) in group D compare to group A, B, & C. Total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were significant (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group A. So it is concluded that vitamin (AD3E) and mineral supplementation with standard ration is beneficial for broiler production and economically profitable.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 487-494
Assessment of nutritional composition and heavy metal content in some edible mushroom varieties collected from different areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin KM , Alam Md Mehediul , Arefin Md Taufique , Ahmed Istiaq
Published: February 2016

Four edible mushroom species (Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Ganoderma lucidum) from different locations of Bangladesh, were analysed for their protein and metal content profile (K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, As and Cd). Trace metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Na and K by flame emission spectrophotometer and protein by micro Kjeldhal method. All element concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. The protein content of mushrooms varied from 13.8%34.3% and the metal content of samples ranged from 0.542.25% for K and 12.681.6, 69.5626.2, 39.2163.4, 30.175.5, 52.9104.5, 0.200.30, 0.130.59 ?g g-1 for Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, respectively.  Arsenic and cadmium concentrations were below the detection limit of the method used. The detection limits of the method for As and Cd are 0.01 ?g g-1 for each element. In general, K and Fe content were higher than other metals in all mushroom species. The levels of Cu and Zn in some mushroom samples were found to be higher than legal limits.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 495-501
Prevalence and risk factors of Human Immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Syphilis infections among nonprofessional blood donors in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Zobaidul , Hossain Md Amayan , Chowdhury Mahmud A
Published: February 2016

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Syphilis infection are the major public health problem, alarming the most developing countries like Bangladesh. These studies determined the prevalence rate and risk factors of HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Syphilis among nonprofessional blood donors in multiple blood transfusion center of Chittagong. Information was collected by questionnaire to find out the relationship of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infection with age, sex, socioeconomic status, residence and religious believes. The sero-prevalence of HIV, HBsAg (HBV), anti-HCV (HCV), VDRL (Syphilis) among the non-professional blood donors were 00.00%, 4.88%, 0.92%, and 0.70% respectively. So, the highest prevalence rate was HBsAg and the lowest was HIV. We didnt find more than one positive case in the same blood sample. The prevalence of HBsAg among the study population, students (120/6) were 5.00%, service holders (73/3) were 4.11%, businessmen (40/4) were 10%, housewives (14/0) were 00.00%, others (farmers, immigrant workers) (40/1) were 2.50%. The highest prevalence of HBsAg was due to illiteracy and unsafe sexual behaviors.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 518-525
Detection of avian reovirus antibodies in layer birds of small scale commercial farms in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Salam Abdus , Haque Md Atiqul , Rahman Md Mostafizer , Akter Mir Rowshan , Afroz Farzana
Published: February 2016

The present study was conducted on layer birds of different age groups to determine specific antibody titer level against avian reovirus (ARV) by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. This study showed that ARV specific antibody positive cases were 84 out of 90 blood serum samples and the highest antibody titer was 26120 and lowest antibody titer was 288. The total 93.33% sera samples were showed positive result. The study showed that 100% sera sample were positive against ARV at 6 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13917, 4895 and 10269 respectively. On the other hand 88.88% sera sample were positive against ARV at 10 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 9779, 288 and 5689.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 14 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 11727, 871 and 5250 respectively. The sera sample collected from 18 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 24440, 1234 and 12648.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 22 weeks of aged group were 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 26120, 1752 and 11373.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 26 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 8566, 1630 and 4327.44 respectively. The sera sample collected from 30 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13431, 1989 and 5890.56 respectively. The sera sample collected from 40 weeks of aged group showed 77.77% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14618, 433 and 5103.22 respectively. The sera sample collected from 48 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14553, 957 and 7436.5 respectively. In conclusion it is evident that avian reovirus-specific antibody was successfully detected through commercially available avian reovirus antibody test kit (ELISA kit) and the virus induced a significant antibody titer indicating the affecting virus was absolutely ARV.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 612-621
Management of seed borne fungal pathogens of okra collected from seed companies
Authors: Hossain GM Kibria , Ahsan SM , Ahmed Tanjila
Published: February 2016

Effect of mehogoni, mehedi and allamanda extracts were tested to control seed borne fungi of okra seeds collected from 6 companies of notunbazar in Mymensingh district. Prevalence of seed borne fungi was studied by blotter method in the Seed Pathology Center (SPC) and MS Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The highest germination percentage was recorded from ACI seeds (88%), while lowest (70%) in BADC seeds. Six predominant fungal genera were identified. These species were Fusarium oxysporum (5.08%), Aspergillus flavus (4.50%), Aspergillus niger (6.50%), Colletotrichum dematium (4.67%), Rhizopus stolonifer (3.33%) and Penicillium spp. (3.00%). Germination percentage and fungal association varied from company to company. The germination was ranged from 70-95% and infections were recorded 0.80-6.1% in all the treated seeds. Mehogoni extracts at the rate of 1:1 showed best performance in increasing seed germination (96.00%) next to allamanda (70%). Vigour index of okra seeds were increased 19.14% over untreated seeds by the treatment of mehogoni seed extracts at the rate of 1:1. Mehogoniseed extract at the rate of 1:1 seemed to be adoptable at the farmer?s level as an organic management practice.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 628-640
Effect of cypermethrin on the histoarchitecture of gills and liver of a freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Monir Md Shirajum , Ud Doulah Mohammad Ashaf , Rahman Md Khalilur , Akhter Jubaida Nasreen , Hossain Md Rayhan
Published: February 2016

Histoarchitecture effect of cypermethrin was investigated in the gills and liver of freshwater catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (weight 60-70g) over an exposure period of 96 h as an endpoint of toxicity. The fish were exposed to five acute concentrations (0.00ml/L, 0.025ml/L, 0.050ml/L, 0.075ml/L and 0.10ml/L) and the 96 h LC50 was 0.075 ml/L. The physical reactions observed in the treated fish were erratic swimming, discolorations of the skin, loss of reflex, hyperactivities, surfacing, increasing opercula ventilation and these effects increased with increasing concentration of the toxicants and duration of exposure. The most common changes in gills histoarchitecture at all doses of cypermethrin were curl shape gill lamellae, bulged with the fusion of secondary gill lamellae, severe epithelial necrosis in gill lamellae and hypertrophy. The changes observed in the liver tissues were cloudy swelling, focal necrosis and hypertrophy of hepatocytes, degeneration of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic, extensive vacuolation of hepatocytes and pyknotic nuclei. The results of this histoarchitecture analysis of gills and liver tissues indicate a direct correlation between cypermethrin exposure and the histoarchitecture disorders.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 641-647
Effect of feeding tree forages on productive performances on growing sheep
Authors: Rahman Md Zillur , Ali Md Yousuf , Talukder Md Azharul Islam , Ershaduzzaman Md , Akter Most Sumona
Published: February 2016

A research work was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effect of tree forages on performance of growing sheep. Twenty growing sheep (in 4 groups) were fed three different tree forage diets. Tree forages Melia azardirachta, Leucaena leucocephala and Artocarpus heterophyllus were supplied in three treatments except one consisted no tree forages which was considered as control. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the animal groups in terms of total DM and ME intake, although there were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF. Feeding of tree forages had significant (p<0.05) effect on live weight gain of sheep. Animals fed with tree forage based diets significantly increased weight gain (60.70 and 50.70 g/d for L. leucocephala and A. heterophyllus, respectively) compared to that (45.66 g/d) of control group fed with silage. Feed conversion efficiency (kg feed/kg gain) also showed that animals fed with tree forage of L. leucocephala and M. azardirachta based diets were having significantly (p<0.05) higher efficiency (11.33 and 11.47, respectively) compared to those of A. heterophyllus and control diet (13.77 and 13.33, respectively). The results of nitrogen balance of M. azardirachta and L. leucocephala tree forage had significantly (p<0.05) positive effect on the nitrogen retention in the body of the animals. Intake of all the tree forages was not similar which indicated that all of them were not accepted to the lamb in same level. So, diets with tree forages of L. leucocephala resulted better in terms of weight gain, digestibility and nitrogen balance compared to A. heterophyllu, M. azardirachta and silage (control).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 648-653