bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of necrostatin-1 on sciatic nerve crush injury in rat models
Authors: Yu Chen , Wang Xiaoxu , Qin Jian
Published: January 2023

Background

Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is an inhibitor of the receptor interacting protein (RIP)1 kinase, which acts as an inhibitor of necroptosis, a special form of necrosis. In the present study, the effect of Nec-1 on peripheral nerve injury (PNI) was investigated.

Methods

The PNI model was established by inducing sciatic nerve injury. Hematoxylin–eosin and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to assess the extent of injury to nerve fibers and necrosis of Schwann cells (SCs). Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of necroptosis-related factors (RIP1 and RIP3). The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and the oxidative stress-related enzyme malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to indicate the degree of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Results

Nec-1 could decrease the degree of peripheral nerve lesions after PNI and protect SCs and axons by inhibiting necroptosis. Furthermore, Nec-1 could reduce necroptosis by inhibiting RIP1 and effectively reduce inflammation and reactive oxygen species production at the early stage of PNI.

Conclusions

Alleviation of necroptosis by Nec-1 may provide new insights into therapies for the early stages of peripheral nerve repair after PNI.
Pulmonary complications of eating disorders: a literature review
Authors: Nitsch Allison , Kearns Mark , Mehler Philip
Published: January 2023

The medical complications of eating disorders (EDs) have been described in the literature; however, the pulmonary system has historically been described as relatively spared from the ravages of eating disorders and thus neglected in the literature. Here we review the pulmonary complications that have been described in the literature, including the effects of starvation on the lungs of nutritionally deprived animals and patients with anorexia nervosa. There is clear evidence of weakness of respiratory muscles with starvation in both groups. However, there is discordance in the literature as to whether starvation results in “nutritional emphysema,” and if so, by what mechanism and at what degree of malnutrition it develops. We also explore the growing concern for the risk of non-tuberculosis mycobacterium infection as well as risk for pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in patients with restrictive EDs. From the limited literature, it is clear the lungs, in fact, are not spared and that further research is needed to fully understand the full extent of pulmonary complications instigated by EDs.
Long non-coding RNA SLC25A21-AS1 inhibits the development of epithelial ovarian cancer by specifically inducing PTBP3 degradation
Authors: Li Sihui , Shen Shizhen , Ge Wanzhong , Cen Yixuan , Zhang Songfa , Cheng Xiaodong , Wang Xinyu , Xie Xing , Lu Weiguo
Published: January 2023

Background

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly prevalent disease that rapidly metastasizes and has poor prognosis. Most women are in the middle or late stages when diagnosed and have low survival rates. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were recognized to play pivotal roles in the development of EOC.

Methods

The expression of SLC25A21 antisense RNA 1 (SLC25A21-AS1) and Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 3 (PTBP3) in EOC cells was assessed via qPCR. The proliferation activity of these cells was detected by EdU and Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assays, while the death rate of apoptotic cells and the cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Detection of cell transfer rate by transwell assay. Protein expression was measured through western blotting. Interactions between SLC25A21-AS1 and PTBP3 were detected through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), IF-FISH co-localization experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The in vivo importance of SLC25A21-AS1 as a tumor suppressor modulator was assessed using murine xenograft models.

Results

The lncRNA SLC25A21-AS1 has negligible expression in ovarian cancer tissues compared with that in normal ovarian tissues. A series of functional experiments revealed that the upregulation of SLC25A21-AS1 markedly blocked the proliferation and metastasis of EOC cells in vitro, while its downregulation had the opposite effect. Overexpression of SLC25A21-AS1 in a nude mouse model of EOC in vivo resulted in slower tumor growth and weakened metastatic potential. Moreover, SLC25A21-AS1 reduced the protein stability of PTBP3 and promoted its degradation. A series of subsequent experiments found that SLC25A21-AS1 inhibits EOC cell proliferation and metastasis by modulating PTBP3 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and that the combination of SLC25A21-AS1 and PTBP3 provides the necessary conditions for the for the function to be realized.

Conclusions

Our research reveals the effect of SLC25A21-AS1 in EOC development and suggests SLC25A21-AS1 can serve as a prognostic target by promoting the degradation of PTBP3 to improve patient survival.
Learning data science in elementary school mathematics: a comparative curriculum analysis
Authors: Ow-Yeong Yook Kit , Yeter Ibrahim H. , Ali Farhan
Published: January 2023

Background

Data literacy is increasingly important in today’s data-driven world. Students across many educational systems first formally learn about data in elementary school not as a separate subject but via the mathematics curriculum. This experience can create tensions in the priorities of learning and assessment given the presence of other foundational mathematics content domains such as numbers, algebra, measurement, and geometry. There is a need to study data literacy in comparison to these other content domains in elementary mathematics. To address this need, we developed a methodology motivated by thinking curriculum theory and aligned with international assessment framework, for comparative analysis across mathematics content domains. This methodology examined increasing levels of cognitive domains from knowing to applying to reasoning across mathematics content domains. Intended, assessed, and attained curricula were analyzed using Singapore as a case study, combined with broader comparisons to attainments in four East Asian countries in TIMSS, an international large-scale assessment.

Results

We found that learning in the data domain had very limited coverage in intended and assessed curricula in Singapore. However, compared to other mathematics content domains, the data curriculum placed heavier emphasis on higher-order cognitive domains including the use of generally difficult mixed data visualizations. This demanding curriculum in Singapore was associated with the highest attainment in the data domain among average 4th grade Singaporean students relative to students in four East Asian countries in TIMSS, as analyzed by quantile regression. However, lower-performing Singaporean students at the 10th percentile generally did not outperform their East Asian peers. We further found very limited applications of data in other mathematics domains or cross-domain learning more generally.

Conclusion

Our study offers a comparative analysis of the data curriculum in elementary school mathematics education. While the data curriculum was cognitively demanding and translated to very high average attainments of Singaporean students, the curriculum did not equally help weaker Singaporean students, with implications on current discourse on equity–excellence trade-off in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Our study further highlights the lack of cross-domain learning in mathematics involving data. Despite the broad applicability of data science, elementary school students’ first formal experience with data may lack emphasis on its cross-domain applications, suggesting a need to further integrate data skills and competencies into the mathematics curriculum and beyond.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ali Eman Ahmed , Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Hussein Ramadan Abdelbr , Ali Eman Tarek , Abdalla Ahmed Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Background

During any critical health care situation as COVID-19 pandemic, it is expected that the medical staff will be under a high level of stress. However, nurses specifically are under both physical and psychological pressure during this pandemic, with a risk of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression. Accordingly, nurses exposed to patients with COVID-19 infection are expected to suffer from a high level of depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional study was applied on 456 nurses with age ranges from 18 to 60. They were divided into two groups: group 1 were composed of 228 nurses who were directly exposed to suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, while group 2 were composed of 228 who were less exposed to suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients for comparison. Data were collected by personal interviews with nurses using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9) scale for assessment of presence of depressive symptoms and its severity. We aimed to assess the both the prevalence and the predictors of depressive symptoms among nurses exposed to COVID-19 patients.

Results

We found a statistically significant higher percentage of depressive symptoms among nurses directly exposed to COVID-19 patients (61.8%) versus the less exposed group (18%). There was a statistically and significantly higher specific COVID-19 associated stressors score (SCAS) among nurses directly exposed to suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients compared to those who were less exposed; likewise, the PHQ-9 score was a statistically and significantly higher among directly exposed group compared to less-exposed group. Moderate and severe depressive symptoms were present in 23.2% and 22.4%, respectively, within the group of nurses with direct exposure; meanwhile, the less-exposed group showed 7.5% and 3.9%, respectively, with statistically higher significant difference. On doing a linear regression analysis, all the following predictors were significantly independently associated with higher PHQ-9 scores (with higher depressive symptoms severity) among nurses exposed to COVID-19: physical isolation (restrictions on touching others, even after working hours), exposure to a new COVID-19 patient, developing COVID-19-like symptoms, displaying COVID-19-like symptoms by colleagues, knowing that COVID mortality rate exceeds influenza, possible separation from family, concern about family members, fears about infection for patients, family, and friends.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic has serious effects on the psychological well-being of nurses exposed to COVID-19 patients. There was an increased rate of depressive symptoms among them during the pandemic with its subsequent burden. Therefore, nurses exposed to COVID-19 patients are in a high need of care and support during the pandemic.
Fungal brain abscesses caused by Acremonium species
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdy , ALfishawy Mostafa , Ali Attaa , Maksod Safwat Abdel , Khorshed Magdy , Rady Hanan , Alsisi Ahmed , Mohamed Adel , Alkassas Omar , Haron Marwa , Saied Suzan
Published: January 2023

Unusual fungal agents that exist environmentally as saprophytes can often lead to opportunistic infections, hyalohyphomycosis is a group of fungal infections caused by fungi characterized by hyaline septate hyphae and can infect both immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients, and Acremonium has drawn the attention of clinicians and microbiologists, as a potential pathogen in patients with and without underlying risk factors. It has also been increasingly implicated in systemic fungal diseases. Herein, we describe a case presentation of an immunocompromised patient with fungal brain abscesses due to Acremonium species.
Novel electromechanical coupling theory of GaN HEMT structure under mechanical clamping
Authors: Wang Lei , Chai Chang-Chun , Zhao Tian-Long , Li Fuxing , Yang Yintang
Published: January 2023

As known, the piezoelectric polarization effect makes GaN HEMT have unique electrical characteristics and wider applications compared with other III-V semiconductor devices. In this letter, a novel electromechanical coupling theory is proposed and verified for the first time for the GaN HEMT heterojunction structure by applying the mechanical clamping boundary conditions in piezoelectric constitutive equations. The total piezoelectric polarization defined as P
couple in this new electromechanical coupling theory consist of three parts: the spontaneous polarization P
sp, the strain-induced piezoelectric polarization P
strain due to lattice mismatch in growth, and the bias-dependent piezoelectric polarization

. The output and transfer characteristics of GaN HEMT have been simulated based on the new electromechanical coupling theory and verified in agreement with the experimental results in trend. This theory helps to extend the understanding of the basic physical mechanism of the AlGaN/GaN interface and is of great significance to device design and application for GaN-based materials.
When Is a Contrarian Adviser Optimal?
Authors: Evans Robert , Reiche Sönje
Published: January 2023

We compare contrarian to conformist advice, a contrarian expert being one whose preference bias is against the decision-maker’s prior optimal decision. Optimality of an expert depends on characteristics of prior information and learning. If either the expert is fully informed or fine information can be acquired cheaply, then for symmetric distributions F of the state, a conformist (contrarian) is superior if F is single peaked (bimodal). If only coarse information can be acquired, then a contrarian acquires more on average and hence is superior. If information is verifiable, a contrarian has less incentive to hide unfavorable evidence and again is superior. (JEL D72, D82, D83, G34, H71, I12, L94)
Ten Isn’t Large! Group Size and Coordination in a Large-Scale Experiment
Authors: Arifovic Jasmina , Hommes Cars , Kopányi-Peuker Anita , Salle Isabelle
Published: January 2023

We provide experimental evidence on coordination within large groups that could proxy the atomistic nature of real-world markets. We use a bank run game where the two pure-strategy equilibria can be ranked by payoff and risk dominance and a sequence of public announcements introduces stochastic sunspot equilibria. We find systematic group size effects that theory fails to predict. When the payoff-dominant strategy is risky enough, the behavior of small groups is uninformative of the behavior in large groups: unlike smaller groups of size ten, larger groups exclusively coordinate on the Pareto-inferior strategy and never coordinate on sunspots. (JEL C92, D83, D91, G21)
An Information Theory of Efficient Differential Treatment
Authors: Temnyalov Emil
Published: January 2023

When are differential treatment policies—such as preferential treatment, affirmative action, and gender equity policies—justified by efficiency concerns? I propose a nonparametric assignment model where a policymaker assigns agents to different treatments or positions to maximize total surplus, based on the agents’ characteristics and noisy information about their types. I provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the agents’ signal structures, which characterize whether surplus maximization requires differential treatment or not, and study how the bias and informativeness of signal structures determine the efficiency implications of differential treatment. I examine implications of this model for inequality, decentralization, and empirical work. (JEL D63, D82, D83, I23, I24, J71)
Implications of Unequal Discounting in Dynamic Contracting
Authors: Krasikov Ilia , Lamba Rohit , Mettral Thomas
Published: January 2023

This paper studies a canonical dynamic screening problem where the agent has Markovian private information and limited commitment and the principal and the agent have different discount factors. Unequal discounting captures unequal access to capital markets. In comparison to standard models of dynamic mechanism design, the principal no longer finds it optimal to maximally back-load the agent’s information rents: a new force of inter-temporal cost of incentive provision pushes toward front-loading agents’ payoffs. The optimal contract settles into a cycle with infinite memory. The introduction of unequal discounting renders the standard relaxed-problem approach invalid for certain parameters. A simple and approximately optimal contract is then provided. (JEL D21, D61, D82, D86, L14)
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for orthopedic diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Sadat-Ali Mir
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective: The objective of this review is to examine genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whether they have helped treat orthopedic diseases in general and in the Middle East in particular.

Methods: Between 2005 and May 2022, we searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Science Citation Index. Our criteria for manuscript analysis included articles involving patients with the presence or absence of the gene and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that were published in the English language. The exclusion criteria included review articles and correspondence. We reviewed all of the articles manually for risk of bias and found no discrepancies in the papers selected.

Results: There were 53,652 GWAS articles that reported on the Human Genome Project, out of which 439 studies reported on orthopedics. In total, 38 studies with data from 1,489,834 patients was analyzed.

Conclusions: We identified many novel loci that can cause disease processes. We expected these studies to help in predicting diseases and developing new diagnostic procedures, preventive strategies, and better clinical care; however, this has not happened yet. It appears that we must investigate further before translating this knowledge in patient care.
A hybrid effectiveness-implementation study protocol to assess the effectiveness and chemoprevention efficacy of implementing seasonal malaria chemoprevention in five districts in Karamoja region, Uganda
Authors: Kajubi Richard , Ainsworth Jennifer , Baker Kevin , Richardson Sol , Bonnington Craig , Rassi Christian , Achan Jane , Magumba Godfrey , Rubahika Denis , Nabakooza Jane , Tibenderana James , Nuwa Anthony , Opigo Jimmy
Published: January 2023

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine for children aged 3 to 59 months, living in areas where malaria transmission is highly seasonal. However, due to widespread prevalence of resistance markers, SMC has not been implemented at scale in East and Southern Africa. An initial study in Uganda showed that SMC with SPAQ was feasible, acceptable, and protective against malaria in eligible children in Karamoja region. Nonetheless, exploration of alternative regimens is warranted since parasite resistance threats persist.

Objective: The study aims to test the effectiveness of SMC with DP or SPAQ (DP-SMC & SPAQ-SMC), chemoprevention efficacy as well as the safety and tolerability of DP compared to that of SPAQ among 3-59 months old children in Karamoja region, an area of Uganda where malaria transmission is highly seasonal.

Methods: A Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design consisting of four components: 1) a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) using passive surveillance to establish confirmed malaria cases in children using both SPAQ and DP; 2a) a prospective cohort study to determine the chemoprevention efficacy of SPAQ and DP (if SPAQ or DP clears sub-patent  infection and provides 28 days of protection from new infection) and whether drug concentrations and/or resistance influence the ability to clear and prevent infection; 2b) a sub study examining pharmacokinetics of DP in children between 3 to <6 months; 3) a resistance markers study in children 3–59 months in the research districts plus the standard intervention districts to measure changes in resistance marker prevalence over time and finally; 4) a process evaluation.

Discussion: This study evaluates the effects of a clinical intervention on relevant outcomes whilst collecting information on implementation.

Conclusion: This study will inform malaria policy in high-burden countries and contribute to progress in malaria control.
Memory of the Past in the Multi-Ethnic Space of Danube Cities
Authors: Tsyganenko Liliia , Oleinikova Galina
Published: January 2023

The article presents the issues of preserving the historical memory of the cities of Southern Bessarabia (the southwestern part of Odesa region, Ukraine). The specific features of the region’s historical development, frequent changes in the state affiliation, intermixture and diversity of confessional and ethnographic aspects contributed to the formation of a special, multicultural and polyethnic habitat for the residents of this region. The region’s cities, formed many centuries ago, demonstrate specific, often unique features of the memory of the past, embodied in the temples, street names, residential buildings, and administrative and fortification structures. The preservation of the urban memory and its popularisation serve as the foundation of human beings who are free from prejudice, protect their identity and are tolerant of their neighbours.
Deosmanisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1878 and 1918 on the Example of Sarajevo
Authors: Lis Tomasz Jacek
Published: January 2023

In 1878, Austria-Hungary received a mandate in Berlin to exercise power in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During this period, they pursued a policy of deosmanisation and Europeanisation of the country. Vienna’s actions, however, differed significantly from the policies of neighbouring Serbia or Bulgaria, where the deosmanisation processes resulted in the partial or complete elimination of Islamic culture from the public space. Therefore, the article aims to outline the cultural policy of Austria-Hungary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily in the context of the culture of remembrance, and to show the Austrian visions of the approach to the local past. The capital city of Sarajevo served as an example of this policy, where the processes mentioned above are best seen in terms of the actions of the authorities themselves, the preserved archival legacy, and professional literature.
Commemoration of the 1905 Revolution in the Industrial City. The Case of Łódź
Authors: Śmiechowski Kamil
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the current practices of commemorating the 1905 revolution in Łódź. The changes taking place in the city’s memory policy are conditioned both by the loss of memory of the events from a century ago and by changing political factors in the post-transformation period. The city is a paradigmatic example of a post-industrial city in Central and Eastern Europe facing an identity crisis. Narratives formulated ‘from above’ compete with those created ‘from below’. While the former are based on the construction of a utopian, capitalist city of success, the latter claim the history of the people of Łódź. Revitalising the memory of the Revolution of 1905 plays a key role in these negotiations, contributing to a revision of the post-transformation amnesia about the city’s working-class past.
Inconveniences of Memory. The Monument to the Soviet Army and Georgi Dimitrov’s Mausoleum in Sofia after 1989
Authors: Decheva Daniela
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the transformations of memory caused by the preservation, removal or redefinition of memorials. These transformations indicate the competition between political and ideological views in Bulgarian society after 1989. Two cases are analysed: the deconstruction of Georgi Dimitrov’s already-empty mausoleum in 1999 and the Monument to the Soviet Army, still standing in Sofia. Both instances are significant indicators of power constellations, which, in the second case, also have a precise foreign policy dimension (relations with Russia). The periodically activated debates, especially concerning the Monument to the Soviet Army, indicate the absence of a coherent memory policy and general ambiguous attitudes in Bulgarian society towards the communist past.
Research on the Cities of Pre-Partition Poland in the Last Decade (Trends, Achievements, Perspectives): Bibliographical Survey
Authors: Okniński Piotr
Published: January 2023

The article contains a synthetic review of the most important subjects and directions of research in the field of the history of cities and townspeople in pre-partition Poland (to the end of the eighteenth century) based on scholarly publications from the last ten years. The author characterises the attitude of contemporary historians of cities towards questionnaires and research methods worked out in the second half of the twentieth century in the area of socio-economic history. He also outlines the prospects for the further development of Polish urban historiography, emphasising the importance of taking inspiration from the achievements of cultural anthropology and the cooperation of historians with representatives of other humanistic disciplines.
Was There Ever a Polish Peasant? Historical Imagination and the People’s History of Poland
Authors: Mazur Zachary
Published: January 2023

This essay uses five new Polish-language books popularising the ‘people’s’ history perspective as a jumping-off point to discuss distortions in the historical imagination. At the centre is the issue of the peasantry. In some national mythologies, the peasants or the ‘people’ serve as the heart of the nation. In the Polish case, this has been the role of the nobility or szlachta and as a result the peasants are often forgotten or skipped over in popular historical narratives. These new books represent a sea change in historical imagination, not for the academy, but for the broader public.
Konserwacja oraz technika wykonania dwóch malowanych chorągwi jedwabnych z kolekcji Książąt Czartoryskich.
Authors: Labut Maria , Stępień Aldona , M. del Hoyo-Meléndez Julio
Published: January 2023

Artykuł omawia prace konserwatorskie oraz technikę wykonania dwóch jedwabnych dwustronnie malowanych chorągwi ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie: szesnastowiecznej chorągwi województwa poznańskiego lub mazowieckiego, nr inw. MNK-XIV-882, oraz osiemnastowiecznej chorągwi gwardii Stanisława Poniatowskiego Króla Polskiego, nr inw. MNK-XIV-883. Chorągwie trafiły do kolekcji książąt Czartoryskich na początku XIX wieku i były eksponowane w Świątyni Sybilli w Puławach, a następnie w Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie. Wybór odpowiednich metod i środków konserwacji chorągwi był trudny, zważywszy na wysoki stopień degradacji jedwabiu, dużą liczbę luźnych fragmentów tkanin oraz wielowarstwową budowę technologiczną obiektów. Problem stanowiły także warstwy wtórne w postaci błon kolagenowych naklejonych przy użyciu kleju skrobiowego na powierzchnię chorągwi podczas historycznej konserwacji. W celu ich skutecznego usunięcia zastosowano skalpel parowy oraz kompresy z żelu Gellan Gum. Natomiast do czasowego zabezpieczania warstwy malarskiej wykorzystano tkaninę syntetyczną Cerex, naklejoną przy użyciu żywicy akrylowej Acrylharz P-550. Żywica ta została także zastosowana do napylania jedwabnej krepeliny, która posłużyła do połączenia osobnych fragmentów tkanin. W celu określenia techniki wykonania chorągwi do badań pobrano próbki proszkowe, które poddano analizie z wykorzystaniem metody fluorescencji spektroskopii rentgenowskiej (XRF) oraz spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformatą Fouriera (FTIR). Przekroje poprzeczne warstw poddano obserwacji w światłach analitycznych przy użyciu mikroskopu optycznego oraz przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego z analizą rentgenowską z dyspersją energii (SEM-EDS).
O Muzeum (Historycznym Miasta) Krakowa w związku z książką Michała Niezabitowskiego
Authors: Woźniak Michał
Published: January 2023

Muzeum Krakowa, do niedawna Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa należy do największych polskich instytucji muzealnych, nie tylko w grupie muzeów municypalnych. Charakteryzuje się szczególnie rozbudowaną infrastrukturą i wielością stematyzowanych oddziałów oraz wielostronną działalnością. Omawiana monografia – autorstwa obecnego dyrektora – ukazuje długi i mozolny, acz systematyczny proces rozwoju tego muzeum w ponad stuletnim procesie historycznym. Recenzent, podkreślając ewidentne zalety książki i jej duży walor faktograficzny oraz prezentowanie przez jej autora wyważonych ocen, zauważa pewne mankamenty i usterki, a także formułujeszereg sądów natury ogólniejszej, wykraczającej poza samą materię sprawozdawczej recenzji. Ta obszerna publikacja do tego skłania i zachęca, co niewątpliwie stanowi jej dodatkowy walor.
Legitimating Illegitimate Practices: How Data Analysts Compromised Their Standards to Promote Quantification
Authors: Stice-Lusvardi Ryan , Hinds Pamela J. , Valentine Melissa
Published: January 2023

Prior studies that examine how new expertise becomes integrated into organizations have shown that different occupations work to legitimate their new expertise to develop credibility and deference from other organizational groups. In this study, we similarly examine the work that an expert occupation did to legitimate their expertise; however, in this case, they were legitimating practices that they actually considered illegitimate. We report findings from our 20-month ethnography of data analysts at a financial technology company to explain this process. We show that the company had structured data analytics in ways similar to Bechky’s idea of a captive occupation: They were dependent on their collaborators’ cooperation to demonstrate the value of data analytics and accomplish their work. The data analysts constantly encountered or were asked to provide what they deemed to be illegitimate data analysis practices such as hacking, peeking, and poor experimental design. In response, they sometimes resisted but more often reconciled themselves to the requests. Notably, they also explicitly lowered their stated standards and then worked to legitimate those now illegitimate versions of their expert practices through standardization, technology platforms, and evangelizing. Our findings articulate the relationship between captive occupations and conditions wherein experts work to legitimate what they consider illegitimate practices.
A steep learning curve, but pride in how far I have come
Authors: George Heather
Published: January 2023

In the first of a new series from the perspective of the newly qualified nurse, Heather George, Critical Care Staff Nurse, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary ( heather.george2@nhs.scot ), reflects on the highs and lows of student placements
Integrated versus non-integrated peripheral intravenous catheters: a cross-sectional survey of nurse experiences
Authors: Paterson Rebecca S , Larsen Emily N , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M , Walker Rachel M , Marsh Nicole
Published: January 2023

Background: Integrated peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) demonstrate clinical efficacy, however, device complexity and design differences may be a potential barrier to implementation. Aims: To assess nurse acceptability of integrated PIVC systems. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was nested within a multicentre randomised controlled trial. One hundred nurses caring for patients with integrated and non-integrated PIVCs completed a 17-item survey about key differences between devices (eg function and appearance, perceived patient comfort and skin injuries). Findings: Most nurses reported the integrated PIVC wings prevented device movement (80%), achieved patient comfort in areas of flexion (78%), and no patients developed skin injuries (100%). Nurses rated the ease of accessing and overall confidence using the integrated PIVC as significantly higher than the non-integrated design (P<0.001).Conclusion: The integrated PIVC received positive feedback from nurses and had few barriers to implementation.
Meeting the Demand for Smaller Led Displays
Authors: Strickland Keith
Published: January 2023

The search for a breakthrough display technology that addresses the needs of next generation products could be over.
Power at your Fingertips
Authors: Pitcher Graham
Published: January 2023

Benchtop power supplies have had to evolve rapidly to provide the features needed to test PCBs integrating complex components.
Beyond FPGAs
Authors: Tyler Neil
Published: January 2023

XILINX UNVEILS NEW PRODUCT CATEGORY KNOWN AS ‘ACAP’ WHICH BOASTS CAPABILITIES BEYOND FPGAS.
Battery Revolution
Authors: Grylls Bethan
Published: January 2023

RESEARCH TEAM DESIGNS TRUE LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY.
What’s Cooking at Raspberry Pi?
Authors: Grylls Bethan
Published: January 2023

RASPBERRY PI USES CUSTOMER FEEDBACK TO DEVELOP UPGRADED BOARD.
Moving to the Next Level
Authors: Tyler Neil
Published: January 2023

With the number and sophistication of cyber-attacks and cybercrimes on the increase how can vulnerable businesses best protect themselves?
Spy in the cab
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: January 2023

Autonomous driving will lead to a mass of external sensors being deployed, but manufacturers aren’t neglecting the vehicle’s interior.
Guiding Light
Authors: Moss Terry
Published: January 2023

As automotive designers try to balance limited cabin space with additional display elements, many are turning to light guides as a solution.
Fast and Reliable Storage
Authors: Mehnert Axel
Published: January 2023

Flash storage in networking infrastructure needs to focus on reliability, quality and data retention
Getting Ready for 5G
Authors: Tyler Neil
Published: January 2023

As standards are put in place industrial and academic partners are gearing up to deliver a new generation of radio systems and network architectures.
Smart Workzones Ahead
Authors: Allen James
Published: January 2023

Workzones are notoriously dangerous for those driving or working in them, but research into connected and automated technologies is helping to rectify this situation.
Where Next for HOV Lanes?
Authors: Pinelis Lev
Published: January 2023

In October, the Toll Insight 2021 HOV Technology Conference investigated the evolving technology surrounding high-occupancy vehicle lanes and the ways in which compliance can be enforced. Here, Lev Pinelis, founder of Toll Insight, gives a complete overview of the proceedings
A New Dawn
Authors: Stone Tom , Roper Jack
Published: January 2023

Laura Chace has taken the helm of ITS America at the start of one of the most promising eras for transportation in the USA for decades. She talks about her vision for the future and shares her enthusiasm for the return of live events, starting with December’s Annual Meeting in Charlotte
Effect of Load on Wear and Friction of AlSi/MWCNT Functionally Graded Material Via Powder Metallurgy with Hot Extrusion Technique
Authors: Pasha Azeem , Rajaprakash B.M.
Published: January 2023

Due to the superior mechanical and thermal properties of nanomaterials like multi-walled carbon nanotubes, aluminum alloys containing them play a significant role in the aerospace and automotive industries. By incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes by weight percentage of (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) in Aluminum silicon alloy. proper dispersion is done using ball milling equipment to get the proper bonding between Aluminium silicon alloy with MWCNT then subsequently powder metallurgy followed by extrusion technique. Wear study is carried out by varying load by 20N to 40N by maintaining sliding distance constant at 1000m and speed at 3.14m/sec. Wear test indicates for 20N load that wear rate is reduced by 46% for 2-layer FGM compared to AlSi-0.5WT% MWCNT, AlSi-0.25WT% MWCNT and 10% reduction in wear rate compared to AlSi-0.75WT% MWCNT. In case of 40N, wear rate is decreased by 162% for 2-layer when compared with AlSi-0.25WT% MWCNT and by 91% when compared to AlSi-0.5WT% MWCNT. As the percentage of MWCNT increases leads to decrease in wear rate in case of 20N & 40N load for 2-layer FGM compared to nanocomposites. Optical microscopy is done to reveal the proper bonding of AlSi with MWCNT. SEM analysis is carried out to determine wear mechanism.
Two-Step Gasification of Cattle Manure for Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production: Effect of Gasification Temperature, Steam Flow Rate, and Catalysts
Authors: Chen Chunbao , Wang Dianlong , Xin Ya , Shi Hao , Yuan Qiaoxia
Published: January 2023

Highlights

Steam gasification parameters of cattle manure char were optimized.

Effects of slow heating and fast heating modes on char gasification were analyzed.

1.92 m3/kg syngas yield and 88.72% C-conversion efficiency were obtained at 850 °C, with fast heating, 1.66 g/min of steam flow rate, and K2CO3 catalyst.

Abstract. This study investigated the hydrogen-rich gas production from cattle manure char by steam gasification. The characteristics of char were studied by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and XRD analysis. The effects of temperature, heating mode, steam flow rate, and catalyst on syngas yield, hydrogen yield, gas composition, heating value, and carbon conversion efficiency were explored. The results showed that the fixed carbon content in cattle manure char was 34.46%, an increase of 2.24 times compared with that of cattle manure, and the cattle manure char had a high fixed carbon content and thermal stability. The steam gasification indicated that the high temperature and fast heating could obtain high syngas and hydrogen yields. The steam flow rate played an important role in the char and steam reforming reactions. The SiO2 and ash catalysts had an inhibitory effect on the steam gasification of char. However, the K2CO3 catalyst improved the syngas and hydrogen yields. The optimal parameters in this study were 850 °C, fast heating, 1.66 g/min of steam flow rate, and K2CO3 catalyst. By comparison, the syngas and hydrogen production of char were better than those of biomass. As a result, the steam gasification of char was a promising method for producing hydrogen-rich gas. Keywords: Catalysts, Cattle Manure Char, Hydrogen, Steam Flow Rate, Steam Gasification.
Effects of Livestock Exclusion on Pollutant Export From a North Carolina Beef Cow Pasture
Authors: Line Daniel E. , Doll Barbara
Published: January 2023

Highlights

Exclusion of beef cattle from two streams resulted in significant reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment exports.

Reductions in nutrient and sediment export improved following four or more years of exclusion.

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in storm samples decreased more than those in baseflow samples.

Abstract. Fences were installed to exclude cattle from two adjacent small streams on a beef and swine farm located in central North Carolina. The two streams, referred to as UTA and North, originated in a pasture used for beef cow production and the application of swine waste. Rainfall and discharge were continuously monitored for 1.34 years prior to and 1.8 years after the fencing was installed in order to quantify the effect of the livestock exclusion on pollutant export/loads in the two streams originating in the pasture. Monitoring results documented reductions in total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) exports via the North stream of 15%, 54%, and 67%, respectively. Monitoring on the UTA stream was restarted 3.7 years after the initial 1.8 years and continued for about 1 year to assess the effect of natural vegetation growth and stream channel soil recovery. The combined reductions for the two periods were 39%, 64%, and 74% for TN, TP, and TSS, respectively. Exports of TN, TP, and TSS during the later monitoring period decreased by 13%, 60%, and 22%, respectively, compared to the initial 1.8-year monitoring period. These results indicated that exclusion fencing was effective at reducing pollutant exports during the first 1.8 years and that its effectiveness increased after about four years. Consequently, studies that report effectiveness during the first 2 to 4 years after exclusion likely underestimate the long-term effectiveness of the exclusion fencing. Keywords: Best management practices, Discharge monitoring, Livestock exclusion.
The school-to-work transition for young people who experience custody
Authors: Bowyer Alex , Dorsett Richard , Thomson David
Published: January 2023

We use individual-level population data to characterise the pathways followed by young people in England who experience custody. We identify a typology of pathways up to age 18 and a separate typology covering ages 19–22. Our results confirm the generally poor prospects among this group, showing 80% to be firmly established as not in employment, education or training (NEET) by age 22. Despite the high level of deprivation in the population considered, prospects are still found to vary with specific markers of disadvantage. Managing to avoid NEET when 16–18 is an important part of the strategy for avoiding NEET when older. This suggests the importance of policy interventions aimed at re-engagement of those who experience custody as a young person.
Quenching measurements of Kr 5p[3/2]2 ← ← 4p6
1S0 electronic transition using absorption spectra
Authors: Sahoo Abinash , Narayanaswamy Venkateswaran , Lyons Kevin M.
Published: January 2023

Quenching rate is an important parameter to include in fluorescence
measurements that are aimed at quantifying the thermochemical field of
a reacting flow. Traditionally, the quenching measurements were
obtained at low pressures using the direct measurements of quenching
times followed by a linear scaling to the desired pressure. This
approach, however, cannot account for the possible deviation from the
linear pressure scaling at elevated pressures due to three and
multi-body collisions. Furthermore, the best accuracy on the quenching
rate is obtained with ultra-short pulse lasers that are typically not
readily available. This study offsets these limitations by
demonstrating a new approach for making direct quenching measurements
at atmospheric conditions and using nanosecond lasers. The quenching
measurements are demonstrated in a krypton-perturber system, and the

5
p

[

3
2

]

2

←←
4

p
6

1

S
0

two-photon electronic transition is
accessed. A theoretical construct is presented that relates the
absorption spectral parameters and the integrated fluorescence signal
to the quenching rate, referenced to a given species and conditions.
Using this formulation, the relative quenching rates for different
perturber species, namely, air,

C
H

4

,

C

2

H

4

, and

C
O

2

, are reported as measured at 1 atm
and 300 K. As such, the present technique is limited to the
measurement of the relative quenching rate, unlike the previous
studies where absolute quenching rates are measured. Nonetheless, when
the reference quenching rate is independently measured, the relative
quenching rates can be converted to absolute values.
Optomechanically-induced nonreciprocal conversion between microwave and optical photons
Authors: Xing Fen-Fen , Qin Li-Guo , Tian Li-Jun , Wu Xin-Yu , Huang Jie-Hui
Published: January 2023

We theoretically propose a scheme of the nonreciprocal conversion device between photons of two arbitrary frequencies in a hybrid cavity optomechanical system, where two optical cavities and two microwave cavities are coupled to two different mechanical resonators via radiation pressure. Two mechanical resonators are coupled together via the Coulomb interaction. We study the nonreciprocal conversions between both the same and different types of frequency photons. The device is based on multichannel quantum interference to break the time-reversal symmetry. Our results show the perfect nonreciprocity conditions. By adjusting the Coulomb interaction and the phase differences, we find that the nonreciprocity can be modulated and even transformed into reciprocity. These results provide new insight into the design of nonreciprocal devices, including isolators, circulators, and routers in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
Free-running Yb:KYW dual-comb oscillator in a MOPA architecture
Authors: Camenzind Sandro L. , Sevim Tolga , Willenberg Benjamin , Pupeikis Justinas , Nussbaum-Lapping Alexander , Phillips Christopher R. , Keller Ursula
Published: January 2023

Single-cavity dual-combs comprise a rapidly emerging technology platform suitable for a wide range of applications like optical ranging, equivalent time sampling, and spectroscopy. However, it remains a challenging task to develop a dual-comb system that exhibits low relative frequency fluctuations to allow for comb line resolved measurements, while simultaneously offering high average power and short pulse durations. Here we combine a passively cooled and compact dual-comb solid-state oscillator with a pair of core-pumped Yb-fiber-based amplifiers in a master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) architecture. The Yb:KYW oscillator operates at 250 MHz and uses polarization multiplexing for dual-comb generation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a single-cavity dual-comb based on this gain material. As the pulse timing characteristics inherent to the oscillator are preserved in the amplification process, the proposed hybrid approach leverages the benefit of both the ultra-low noise solid-state laser and the advantages inherent to fiber amplifier systems such as straight-forward power scaling. The amplifier is optimized for minimal pulse broadening while still providing significant amplification and spectral broadening. We obtain around 1 W of power per output beam with pulses then compressed down to sub-90 fs using a simple grating compressor, while no pre-chirping or other dispersion management is needed. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the radio-frequency comb teeth is 700 Hz for a measurement duration of 100 ms, which is much less than the typical repetition rate difference, making this passively stable source well-suited for indefinite coherent signal averaging via computational phase tracking.
Experimental realization of multimode nonlinear parametric amplification from cascading four-wave mixing of dressed atoms
Authors: Luo Binshuo , Yan Jin , Jiang Yaomin , Li Sifan , Li Yufeng , Zhang Siqiang , Li Feng , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: January 2023

The nonlinear parametric process is of great significance for achieving high-quality coherent optical signals and quantum correlated photons. With the development of classical and quantum information processing, the study of the properties of parametric processes is evolving in complex scenarios of multimode, which is limited in conventional nonlinear media due to strict phase matching, e.g. nonlinear crystals. Here we study the dressing-energy-level-cascaded four-wave mixing process to generate multimode optical parametric signals. Via cascading double-Λ type configuration of 85Rb D1 line, the non-degenerate energy-level-cascaded FWM is constructed to generate multimode self-parametric amplification. Moreover, with the dressing effects based on atomic coherence, the spatial and frequency multimode characteristics of energy-level-cascaded FWM parametric amplification, i.e., the modes number and pattern, are actively modulated by the pump fields detuning. Also, the spatial modes from the coupling of two coexisting spontaneous parametric FWMs can be controlled to reach tremendous scalability via the atomic coherence and Kerr non-linearity. The atomic coherence effects and unique phase-matching symmetry nature allow flexible modulation of the multimode property of the generated parametric signals within a nonlinear device, which paves a way for multimode classical and quantum information processing.